bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transtibial Tunnel Placement in Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Tompkins Marc , Keller Thomas C. , Milewski Matthew D. , Gaskin Cree M. , Brockmeier Stephen F. , Hart Joseph M. , Miller Mark D. 
Published: February 2014

Background: It is common to place the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tibial tunnel with a transtibial technique using a guide that attempts to place the center of the tunnel 1 to 1.5 cm distal to the tibiofemoral joint. It is unknown how well this technique will re-create the native tibial footprint of the PCL. Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of tibial tunnel placement using a transtibial technique. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Ten cadaveric knees from 10 donors underwent arthroscopic transtibial drilling of the tibial tunnel with use of a posteromedial portal for visualization. The transtibial guide was rested flush against the tibial spines to allow for the guide to be as distal as possible, which was between 1 and 1.5 cm distal to the tibiofemoral joint line. Using this technique, an attempt was made to place the tibial tunnels as close to the center of the PCL footprint as possible. All knees underwent computed tomography both pre- and postoperatively with a previously reported technique optimized for ligament evaluation. This allowed comparison of the anatomic PCL tibial footprint to the tibial tunnel aperture. The percentage of tunnel aperture contained within the native footprint as well as the distance from the center of the tunnel aperture to the center of the footprint was measured. Results: The percentage of tunnel aperture contained within the native footprint was 45.9% ± 23.1%. The distance from the center of the tibial tunnel aperture to the center of the tibial PCL footprint was 6.4 ± 2.3 mm. The tunnels were almost always (9/10) distal (or inferior) to the native footprint and either slightly lateral (5/10) or centered (5/10) in a medial to lateral direction. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that using the transtibial drilling technique in the tibia for PCL reconstruction places approximately half of the tibial tunnel aperture within the tibial footprint. Generally, the tunnel is distal to the footprint. Clinical Relevance: Consideration should be given to the fact that, using this transtibial technique, the tibial tunnel aperture is generally not placed in the center of the footprint. This may not be a negative issue, however, since there are other potential advantages from distal tunnel placement.
Exogenous interleukin-10 alleviates allergic inflammation but inhibits local interleukin-10 expression in a mouse allergic rhinitis model
Authors: Wang Shui-Bin , Deng Yu-Qin , Ren Jie , Xiao Bo-Kui , Liu Zheng , Tao Ze-Zhang 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has an important anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory function, and its expression is negatively correlated with the development and severity of allergic rhinitis (AR). However, the in vivo effects of exogenous IL-10 on AR have not been studied and the mechanisms underlying the effects of IL-10 have not been fully understood. Here, we investigated the effects of intranasal administration of recombinant mouse (rm) IL-10 on the expression of Th responses and local IL-10 in a mouse model of AR induced by ovalbumin.

Results
Administration of rmIL-10 during challenge significantly reduced the number of eosinophils and mast cells, as well as Type 2 helper T (Th2) and Th17 cell related cytokine and transcription factor levels in the nasal mucosa and nasal lavage fluid in AR mice. The rmIL-10 treatment significantly inhibited the number of IL-10-positive cells and IL-10 mRNA expression in the nasal mucosa in AR mice.

Conclusion
Our results show that exogenous IL-10 administrated in challenge phase alleviates nasal allergic inflammation in AR mice, most likely by inhibiting Th2 and Th17 responses. It can also inhibit local IL-10 levels in the nasal mucosa. Our findings indicate that IL-10 may have the potential as an inhibitor of AR.
Short-term surgical and long-term survival outcomes after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Ke , Mou Yi-Ping , Xu Xiao-Wu , Cai Jia-Qin , Wu Di , Pan Yu , Zhang Ren-Chao 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) for gastric cancer has gradually gained popularity. However, the long-term oncological outcomes of LDG have rarely been reported. This study aimed to investigate the survival outcomes of LDG, and evaluate the early surgical outcomes of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) and totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG).

Methods
Clinical outcomes of 240 consecutive patients with gastric cancer who underwent LDG at our institution between October 2004 and April 2013 were analyzed. Early surgical outcomes of LADG and TLDG were compared and operative experiences were evaluated.

Results
Of the 240 patients, 93 underwent LADG and 147 underwent TLDG. There were 109 T1, 36 T2, 31 T3, and 64 T4a lesions. The median follow-up period was 31.5 months (range: 4–106 months). Tumor recurrence was observed in 40 patients and peritoneal recurrence was observed most commonly. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates according to tumor stage were 90.3% and 93.1% in stage I, 72.7% and 67.6% in stage II, and 34.8% and 41.5% in stage III, respectively. No significant differences in early surgical outcomes were noted such as operation time, blood loss and postoperative recovery between LADG and TLDG (P >0.05).

Conclusions
LDG for gastric cancer had acceptable long-term oncologic outcomes. The early surgical outcomes of the two commonly used LDG methods were similar.
Identification of FISH biomarkers to detect chromosome abnormalities associated with prostate adenocarcinoma in tumour and field effect environment
Authors: Zhang Ying , Perez Thomas , Blondin Beth , Du Jing , Liu Ping , Escarzaga Diana , Coon John S , Morrison Larry E , Pestova Katerina 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
To reduce sampling error associated with cancer detection in prostate needle biopsies, we explored the possibility of using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) to detect chromosomal abnormalities in the histologically benign prostate tissue from patients with adenocarcinoma of prostate.

Methods
Tumour specimens from 33 radical prostatectomy (RP) cases, histologically benign tissue from 17 of the 33 RP cases, and 26 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) control cases were evaluated with Locus Specific Identifier (LSI) probes MYC (8q24), LPL (8p21.22), and PTEN (10q23), as well as with centromere enumerator probes CEP8, CEP10, and CEP7. A distribution of FISH signals in the tumour and histologically benign adjacent tissue was compared to that in BPH specimens using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results
The combination of MYC gain, CEP8 Abnormal, PTEN loss or chromosome 7 aneusomy was positive in the tumour area of all of the 33 specimens from patients with adenocarcinomas, and in 88% of adjacent histologically benign regions (15 out of 17) but in only 15% (4 out of 26) of the benign prostatic hyperplasia control specimens.

Conclusions
A panel of FISH markers may allow detection of genomic abnormalities that associate with adenocarcinoma in the field adjacent to and surrounding the tumour, and thus could potentially indicate the presence of cancer in the specimen even if the cancer focus itself was missed by biopsy and histology review.
Eptifibatide-induced acute profound thrombocytopenia: a case report
Authors: Graidis Christos , Golias Christos , Dimitriadis Dimokritos , Dimitriadis Georgios , Bitsis Theodosis , Dimitrelos Ilias , Tsiakou Afroditi , Charalabopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
The interactions among cells or among cells and components of the extracellular matrix, is a crucial pathophysiological process involving some molecules collectively known as adhesion molecules (CAMs). Glycoprotein IIb / IIIa receptors are only restricted to blood platelets and they bind fibrinogen and adhesion proteins such as fibronectin, vitronectin, von Willebrand factor to form cross bridges between adjacent platelets. IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists are an object of intense research activity for target therapy worldwide during the last decades. Three GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors, abciximab, tirofiban, and eptifibatide, have been approved for clinical use. Profound thrombocytopenia is an uncommon but clinically important complication of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors.

Case presentation
This case report discusses a forty-four-year-old male patient with acute coronary syndrome who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and developed profound thrombocytopenia within 4 hours of first administration of eptifibatide.

Conclusion
This report adds another case of eptifibatide-induced thrombocytopenia to the medical literature and endorses the importance of platelet count monitoring after initiating therapy with this agent.
Patients in a private hospital in India leave the emergency department against medical advice for financial reasons
Authors: Naderi Sassan , Acerra John R , Bailey Kathryn , Mukherji Pinaki , Taraphdar Taraknath , Mukherjee Tirtha , Pal Abin , Ward Mary Frances , Miele Kathryn , Mathias Maxwell , Tan Richard , Kline Myriam , Alagappan Kumar , Silverman Robert 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Some reports indicate financial concerns as a factor affecting ED patients leaving the acute care setting against medical advice (AMA). In India, no person is supposed to be denied urgent care because of inability to pay. Since a large proportion of the Indian health care system is financed by out-of-pocket expenses, we investigate the role of financial constraints for ED patients at a private hospital in India in leaving AMA.

Methods
A prospective ED-based cross-sectional survey of patients leaving AMA was conducted at a private hospital in India from 1 October 2010 to 31 December 2010. Descriptive statistics and the chi-square test were used to identify associations between financial factors and the decision to leave the hospital AMA.

Results
Overall, 55 (3.84%) ED patients left AMA, of which 46 (84%) reported leaving because of financial restrictions. Thirty-nine (71%) respondents indicated the medical bill would represent more that 25% of their annual income. Females (19/19) were more likely to leave AMA for financial reasons compared to males (27/36, p = 0.017). Among females who signed out AMA, the decision was never made by the female herself.

Conclusion
The number of people leaving the ED AMA in a private Indian hospital is relatively high, with most leaving for financial reasons. In most cases, women did not decide to leave the ED AMA for themselves, whereas males did. This survey suggests that steps are needed to ensure that the inability to pay does not prevent emergent care from being provided.
Response to imatinib as a function of target kinase expression in recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Hassler Marco Ronald , Vedadinejad Mariam , Flechl Birgit , Haberler Christine , Preusser Matthias , Hainfellner Johannes Andreas , Wöhrer Adelheid , Dieckmann Karin Ute , Rössler Karl , Kast Richard , Marosi Christine 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Despite some progress in the treatment of glioblastoma, most patients experience tumor recurrence. Imatinib mesylate, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of platelet derived growth factor receptor-alpha and -beta, c-fms, c-kit, abl and arg kinase (imatinib targets), has been shown to prevent tumor progression in early studies of recurrent gliomas, but has shown weak activity in randomized controlled trials. We studied the response to oral imatinib in 24 patients with recurrent glioblastoma who showed immunohistochemical expression of these imatinib targets in the initially resected tumor tissue.

Methods
We offered oral imatinib, 400 mg once daily treatment to 24 recurrent glioblastoma patients whose initial biopsy showed presence of at least one imatinib inhibitable tyrosine kinase.

Results
Six imatinib treated patients survived over one year. Twelve patients achieved at least tumor stabilisations from 2.6 months to 13.4 months. Median progression free survival was 3 months and median overall survival was 6 months. Imatinib was well tolerated. We found evidence, though not statistically significant, that arg kinase [Abl-2] immunopositivity had shorter survival [5 months] than the arg kinase immunonegative group [9 months].

Conclusions
Responses to imatinib observed in this patient series where imatinib inhibitable tyrosine kinases were documented on the original biopsy are marginally better than that previously reported in imatinib treatment of unselected recurrent glioblastoma patients. We thus present a suggestion for defining a patient sub-population who might potentially benefit from imatinib.
The constitutional startup of Russia in the global constitutionalization context
Authors: Ильин Андрей , Ilin Andrey 
Published: February 2014

The process of the global constitutianalization has been
started by the European civilization (English constitutional acts of
the second half of the 17th century). Maturation of the constitutionalism
is a part of the social development during the industrial period.
The constitution in its classical form should be free of any social
estates influence and political inequality. The constitutianalization
of Europe in the rough was completed by the end of the 20th century.
Russia became a nominal constitution as one of the last great European
powers. To make an objective analysis, we should compare
Russia with equal intercontinental countries: the European Powers
with their colonies. All of these states never had an all-national
constitutional act. Thus the Russian “Fundamental laws” from
the 23th of April 1906 were at the level of the most big countries
having a European metropolis, moreover they surpassed them,
because the written fundamental law was an empire-wide act,
however, their proper constitutional provisions did not apply to all
the patrials. The constitutional component of the Russian fundamental
law corresponded the baseline of European constitutionalism
of the turn of the 19th–20th centuries: a dualistic monarchy.
Journalism in the trend towards new media: A sixteen year longitudinal study
Authors: Du Ying Roselyn 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a significant increase in the need for new media faculty in the journalism field. This research aims to identify hiring trends in the context of new media via a longitudinal study of job advertisements for journalism faculty published since 1995, the ‘Year of the Internet’. The study includes a content analysis that focuses on credentials and expectations outlined in the selected advertisements for faculty positions. In particular, this study analysed the requirements for new-media-specific expertise. It attempts to reflect the rapid development and evolution of new media and technologies in the journalism field and its implications.
Effects of pragmatic and moral concerns on perceived TV quality
Authors: Artero Juan P. , Etayo Cristina , Sánchez-Tabernero Alfonso 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article analyses perceived television quality in a sample of Spanish consumers by considering the role played by viewers’ concerns about television contents. It applies to all kinds of terrestrial television channels in Spain. These concerns are found to be classiffied in two categories: pragmatic and moral. The intensity of these concerns is related to the socio-demographic characteristics of the viewers. Male, older and educated viewers are found to show stronger pragmatic concerns on TV content whereas women and older viewers show stronger moral concerns. Pragmatic concerns have a negative influence on perceived TV quality, but no effect is detected for moral concerns.
THE JEM-EUSO MISSION
Authors: Bertaina Mario , Ebisuzaki Toshikazu , Galeotti Piero , Kajino Fumiyoshi 
Published: February 2014

The JEM-EUSO mission explores the origin of the extreme energy cosmic rays (EECRs) above 50EeV and explores the limits of the fundamental physics, through the observations of their arrival directions and energies. It is designed to open a new particle astronomy channel. This superwide-field (60 degrees) telescope with a diameter of about 2.5m looks down from space onto the night sky to detect near UV photons (330 ÷ 400nm, both fluorescent and Cherenkov photons) emitted from the giant air showers produced by EECRs. The arrival direction map with more than five hundred events will tell us the origin of the EECRs and allow us to identify the nearest EECR sources with known astronomical objects. It will allow them to be examined in other astronomical channels. This is likely to lead to an nderstanding of the acceleration mechanisms perhaps producing discoveries in astrophysics and/or fundamental physics. The comparison of the energy spectra among the spatially resolved individual sources will help to clarify the acceleration/emission mechanism, and also finally confirm the Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuz’min process for the validation of Lorentz invariance up to γ ~ 10<sup>11</sup>. Neutral components (neutrinos and gamma rays) can also be detected as well, if their fluxes are high enough. The JEM-EUSO mission is planned to be launched by a H2B rocket about 2017 and transferred to ISS by H2 Transfer Vehicle (HTV). It will be attached to the Exposed Facility external experiment platform of “KIBO”.
THE NA62 EXPERIMENT AT CERN AND THE MEASUREMENT OF THE ULTRA-RARE DECAY K<sup>+</sup>-&pi;<sup>+</sup>v&macr;v
Authors: Antonelli Antonella 
Published: February 2014

The NA62 experiment at CERN aims at the very challenging task of measuring with 10% relative error the Branching Ratio of the ultra-rare decay of the K<sup>+</sup> into π<sup>+</sup> ν¯ν which is expected to occur only in about 8 out of 10<sup>11</sup> Kaon decays. This will be achieved by means of an intense hadron beam, an accurate kinematical reconstruction and a redundant veto system for identifying and suppressing all spurious events. Good resolution on the missing mass in the decay is achieved using a high-resolution beam tracker to measure the kaon momentum and with a spectrometer equipped with straw tubes operating in vacuum. Hermetic veto (up to 50 mrad) of the photon from π<sup>0</sup> decays is achieved with a combination of large angle veto (with a creative reuse of the old OPAL lead glass blocks), the NA48 liquid Krypton calorimeter and two small angle calorimeters to cover the angle down to zero. The identification of the muons and the consequent veto is performed by a fast hodoscope plane (used in the first level of the trigger to reduce the rate) and by a 17 meter, neon-filled RICH counter which is able to separate pions and muons in the momentum interval between 15 and 35 GeV. Particle identification in the beam (K<sup>+</sup> separation) is achieved with an H2 differential Cherenkov counter. The trigger for the experiment is based on a multilevel structure with a first level implemented in the readout boards and with the subsequent level done in the software. The aim is to reduce the 10MHz level zero rate to a few kHz sent to the CERN computing centre. Studies are underway to use GPU boards in some key point of the trigger system to improve the performance.<p> </p>
Nonlinear Group IV photonics based on silicon and germanium: from near-infrared to mid-infrared
Authors: Zhang Lin , Agarwal Anuradha M. , Kimerling Lionel C. , Michel Jurgen 
Published: February 2014

AbstractGroup IV photonics hold great potential for nonlinear applications in the near- and mid-infrared (IR) wavelength ranges, exhibiting strong nonlinearities in bulk materials, high index contrast, CMOS compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. In this paper, we review our recent numerical work on various types of silicon and germanium waveguides for octave-spanning ultrafast nonlinear applications. We discuss the material properties of silicon, silicon nitride, silicon nano-crystals, silica, germanium, and chalcogenide glasses including arsenic sulfide and arsenic selenide to use them for waveguide core, cladding and slot layer. The waveguides are analyzed and improved for four spectrum ranges from visible, near-IR to mid-IR, with material dispersion given by Sellmeier equations and wavelength-dependent nonlinear Kerr index taken into account. Broadband dispersion engineering is emphasized as a critical approach to achieving on-chip octave-spanning nonlinear functions. These include octave-wide supercontinuum generation, ultrashort pulse compression to sub-cycle level, and mode-locked Kerr frequency comb generation based on few-cycle cavity solitons, which are potentially useful for next-generation optical communications, signal processing, imaging and sensing applications.
Variation in Congenital Heart Surgery Costs Across Hospitals
Authors: Pasquali Sara K. , Jacobs Marshall L. , He Xia , Shah Samir S. , Peterson Eric D. , Hall Matthew , Gaynor J. William , Hill Kevin D. , Mayer John E. , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Li Jennifer S. 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND:
A better understanding of costs associated with common and resource-intense conditions such as congenital heart disease has become increasingly important as children’s hospitals face growing pressure to both improve quality and reduce costs. We linked clinical information from a large registry with resource utilization data from an administrative data set to describe costs for common congenital cardiac operations and assess variation across hospitals.

METHODS:
Using linked data from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons and Pediatric Health Information Systems Databases (2006–2010), estimated costs/case for 9 operations of varying complexity were calculated. Between-hospital variation in cost and associated factors were assessed by using Bayesian methods, adjusting for important patient characteristics.

RESULTS:
Of 12 718 operations (27 hospitals) included, median cost/case increased with operation complexity (atrial septal defect repair, [$25 499] to Norwood operation, [$165 168]). Significant between-hospital variation (up to ninefold) in adjusted cost was observed across operations. Differences in length of stay (LOS) and complication rates explained an average of 28% of between-hospital cost variation. For the Norwood operation, high versus low cost hospitals had an average LOS of 50.8 vs 31.8 days and a major complication rate of 50% vs 25.3%. High volume hospitals had lower costs for the most complex operations.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study establishes benchmarks for hospital costs for common congenital heart operations and demonstrates wide variability across hospitals related in part to differences in LOS and complication rates. These data may be useful in designing initiatives aimed at both improving quality of care and reducing cost.