bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservative management of vestibular schwannoma: Predictors of growth and hearing
Authors: Jethanamest Daniel , Rivera Andrew M. , Ji Hongzhao , Chokkalingam Venkatakarthikeyan , Telischi Fred F. , Angeli Simon I. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing serial observation for vestibular schwannoma (VS) and identify factors that may predict tumor growth or hearing loss.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of patients seen at a tertiary care medical center between 2002 and 2013 with an International Classification of Diseases‐9 diagnosis code of 225.1. Patients electing observation as initial management, with at least two documented imaging results, were included. Exclusion criteria comprised bilateral VS, diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 2, and neoplasms other than VS. Decline in serviceable hearing, tumor growth, and changes in management strategy were recorded. Survival analysis to assess median time to outcomes and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 94 patients met inclusion criteria. While undergoing observation, 22.3% of patients underwent a change in management strategy to microsurgical excision or stereotactic radiotherapy. For patients with initial serviceable hearing, 24.3% observed a decline to a nonserviceable level. No significant clinical factors were identified to predict changes in hearing. Survival analysis revealed that an estimated 69.1% of patients electing observation as initial management continued to do so at 5 years. Imbalance or disequilibrium at presentation was found to be associated with an increased adjusted odds ratio (OR) (OR 2.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–8.50; P = 0.04) for tumor growth.ConclusionSerial observation of VS is a viable treatment strategy for selected patients, with two‐thirds of patients electing to continue this management option after 5 years. Disequilibrium as a presenting symptom may be associated with subsequent tumor growth.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:2163–2168, 2015
Treatment of angiotensin receptor blocker‐induced Angioedema: A case series
Authors: Strassen Ulrich , Bas Murat , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Knopf Andreas , Greve Jens 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundAngiotensin II receptor antagonists have been proposed as a replacement therapy after the occurrence of either an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor‐induced angioedema or cough. However, recent studies indicate that angioedema is associated with elevated bradykinin levels in a small fraction of patients treated with angiotensin‐II‐receptor blockers, suggesting a common pathophysiological mechanism. To date, a standard treatment for angiotensin II receptor blocker‐induced angioedema does not exist.MethodsWe present a case series of patients admitted to our hospital due to angioedema induced by an angiotensin II receptor blocker. The patients were either treated with either icatibant (n = 3) or prednisolone‐21‐hydrogen succinate/clemastine (n = 5). Both patient groups were compared with an untreated patient cohort (n = 3). All patients were previously diagnosed with essential hypertonia.ResultsIcatibant was an effective therapy for angiotensin II receptor blocker‐induced angioedema. Full symptom recovery was achieved after 5 to 7 hours, whereas symptom remission occurred within 27 to 52 and 24 to 54 hours in patients treated with Solu‐Decortin prednisolone/clemastine and untreated patients, respectively. The recovery time for icatibant was similar to that described in previous studies regarding the therapeutic efficacy of icatibant for the treatment of hereditary angioedema and patients suffering from angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor‐induced angioedema.ConclusionsIcatibant is a safe and effective substance for the treatment of angiotensin II receptor blocker–induced angioedema. Although the pathophysiology of angiotensin II receptor blocker‐induced angioedema remains unclear, it appears to be associated with the bradykinin pathway.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1619–1623, 2015
Evaluating Relative Chain Orientation of Amylose and Poly(l‐lactide) in Inclusion Complexes Formed by Vine‐Twining Polymerization Using Primer–Guest Conjugates
Authors: Tanaka Tomonari , Sasayama Shota , Yamamoto Kazuya , Kimura Yoshiharu , Kadokawa Jun‐ichi 
Published: February 2015

The relative chain orientation of amylose and poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) in inclusion complexes formed by phosphorylase‐catalyzed enzymatic polymerization is made clear, by using primer–guest conjugates according to a vine‐twining polymerization manner. The conjugates, which have a maltoheptaosyl moiety at COOH‐ or OH‐terminus of poly(l‐ and d‐lactide)s, are synthesized by copper(I)‐catalyzed click chemistry using propargyl‐terminated polylactides (PLAs) and maltoheptaosyl azide. The cavity of amylose includes PLLA, regardless of the chain orientation, when the conjugates composed of PLLA are used on the vine‐twining polymerization. On the other hand, amylose–poly(d‐lactide) (PDLA) diblock copolymers, which are noninclusion products, are produced when the conjugates composed of PDLA are used. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of products and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses of their alkaline hydrolysates strongly support that the amylose‐PLLA inclusion supramolecular polymers are produced, probably owing to the same helical direction of amylose as that of PLLA, which is responsibly induced by its chirality, regardless of the chain orientation on complexation.
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Incorporation of Thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene Moieties as Novel Electropolymerizable Groups in a Conducting Metallopolymer and Study of the Effect on Photostability
Authors: Caraway Jennifer D. , Nguyen Minh T. , Mitchell Lauren A. , Holliday Bradley J. 
Published: February 2015

A novel nickel(II)‐containing conducting metallopolymer utilizing thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene moieties as the electropolymerizable groups is synthesized and characterized. A metal‐free polymer is also obtained via electropolymerization of the title ligand allowing comparative studies of the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of the polymer system in the presence and absence of nickel(II) metal ions. Photodegradation of the two polymers is studied along with an analogous system incorporating bithiophene as the electropolymerizable groups. Stability is found to be comparable between the metal‐free thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐ and bithio­phene‐based polymers; however, significant enhancement is observed in the thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐based nickel(II) conducting metallopolymer.image
A robust Nitsche's formulation for interface problems with spline‐based finite elements
Authors: Jiang Wen , Annavarapu Chandrasekhar , Dolbow John E. , Harari Isaac 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe extended finite element method (X‐FEM) has proven to be an accurate, robust method for solving embedded interface problems. With a few exceptions, the X‐FEM has mostly been used in conjunction with piecewise‐linear shape functions and an associated piecewise‐linear geometrical representation of interfaces. In the current work, the use of spline‐based finite elements is examined along with a Nitsche technique for enforcing constraints on an embedded interface. To obtain optimal rates of convergence, we employ a hierarchical local refinement approach to improve the geometrical representation of curved interfaces. We further propose a novel weighting for the interfacial consistency terms arising in the Nitsche variational form with B‐splines. A qualitative dependence between the weights and the stabilization parameters is established with additional element level eigenvalue calculations. An important consequence of this weighting is that the bulk as well as the interfacial fields remain well behaved in the presence of large heterogeneities as well as elements with arbitrarily small volume fractions. We demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method through several numerical examples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of Gender Norms, Relationship and Intrapersonal Variables, and Acculturation With Sexual Communication Among Young Adult Latinos
Authors: Alvarez Carmen , Villarruel Antonia 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSexual communication is an important strategy in promoting safer sex behavior, but few investigators have explored sexual communication among young adult Latinos. In this cross‐sectional study, we examined the role of traditional gender norms, relationship factors (relationship characteristics and relationship power), intrapersonal factors (attitudes and subjective norms), and acculturation as statistical predictors of three different types of sexual communication (sexual health, pleasure discussions, and physical sexual communication) in Latino women and men. The sample was 220 Latinos (111 women and 109 men) ages 18–30 years who were sexually active in heterosexual relationships. In multiple regression, after controlling for relationship power, intrapersonal factors, and acculturation, traditional gender norms did not predict sexual communication for either women or men. For both women and men, pleasure‐focused communication (pleasure discussions and physical sexual communication) increased with acculturation. For women, the strongest predictor of all types of sexual communication was their attitudes toward sexual communication. Greater relationship power and lower acculturation were associated with women's sexual health communication. For men, no variables explained sexual health communication or physical sexual communication, and acculturation and attitude toward pleasure discussions predicted pleasure communication. Women who believed they had power in their relationships and had positive attitudes toward pleasure discussions and a high level of acculturation reported more physical sexual communication. Findings suggest the importance of relationship power, attitudes, and acculturation in young adult Latinos' sexual communication. Sexual risk prevention strategies among young adult Latinos should include encouraging sexual communication by supporting positive attitudes toward pleasure‐focused communication. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The accessibility of a unimolecular micelle's core to environmental ions: Exploration with a xanthene dye
Authors: Liu Honghai , Yang Pengfei , Wan Decheng 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTTo learn the impact of aqueous environmental species on the property of the isolated core of a water‐soluble unimolecular micelle (UIM), a guest dye of erythrosine B (EB) is used as a probe to map the dynamic microenvironment of the UIM. PEGylation of branched polyethylenimine (PEI) with oxirane‐functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG) leads to a UIM of PEI@PEG, and the core is further chemically engineered. The resulting UIMs can irreversibly encapsulate EB exclusively by the core. It is found that the stacking of EB molecules is dependent on the electronic microenvironment of the UIMs, where a polar and ionic core favors a twist stacking of EB, but a less polar core results in an unprecedented parallel stacking of EB. Spectral analysis shows that EB is encapsulated along with its counter ion of Na+, and an exterior ion can cause dehydration of the UIMs but can hardly enter the UIMs; moreover, ion exchange through the PEG shell is actually allowed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 566–573
Growth of BiSe and BiTe on amorphous fused silica by MBE
Authors: Collins‐McIntyre L. J. , Wang W. , Zhou B. , Speller S. C. , Chen Y. L. , Hesjedal T. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTopological insulator (TI) thin films of BiSe and BiTe have been successfully grown on amorphous fused silica (vitreous SiO) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. We find that such growth is possible and investigations by X‐ray diffraction reveal good crystalline quality with a high degree of order along the c‐axis. Atomic force microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction and X‐ray reflectivity are used to study the surface morphology and structural film parameters. Angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy studies confirm the existence of a topological surface state. This work shows that TI films can be grown on amorphous substrates, while maintaining the topological surface state despite the lack of in‐plane rotational order of the domains. The growth on fused silica presents a promising route to detailed thermoelectric measurements of TI films, free from unwanted thermal, electrical, and piezoelectric influences from the substrate.
Assessment of the endoscopic range of motion for head and neck surgery using the SOLOASSIST endoscope holder
Authors: Kristin Julia , Geiger Robert , Kraus Peter , Klenzner Thomas 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundA ‘third hand’ is useful for holding the endoscope during surgery. The SOLOASSIST camera holder (AktorMed GmbH, Germany), which is used for abdominal surgery, is supposed to be modified for head and neck surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the intraoperative hand‐held endoscopic range of motion for different surgical procedures and to define the required technical changes.MethodsThe intraoperative movements of the hand‐held endoscope during sinus surgery, rigid laryngoscopy, and lateral skull base surgery were measured and calculated.ResultsThe endoscopic range of motion during surgery revealed diverse geometric bodies and volumes. For use in the ENT area, the system must be expanded by a manual release function for the driven axes and two additional lockable axes at the distal end of the arm.ConclusionIntraoperative endoscopic range of motions in head and neck surgery are highly specific and, as expected, differ from the endoscopic movements in abdominal surgery. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dutch adolescents from lesbian‐parent families: How do they compare to peers with heterosexual parents and what is the impact of homophobic stigmatization?
Authors: van Rijn‐van Gelderen Loes , Bos Henny M.W. , Gartrell Nanette K. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, we compared internalizing and externalizing problem behavior of 67 Dutch adolescents (Mage = 16.04) in planned lesbian families who were matched with 67 adolescents in heterosexual‐parent families. We also examined whether homophobic stigmatization was associated with problem behavior in adolescents with lesbian mothers after taking into account demographic characteristics, mothers' scores on emotional involvement, and adolescents' earlier problem behavior (measured at age 4–8 years old). Standardized instruments measuring problem behavior were completed by parents and adolescent offspring, and questions about stigmatization were answered by adolescents with lesbian mothers. The results revealed no differences in internalizing and externalizing problem behavior associated with family type. Offspring in lesbian families who reported more experiences of homophobic stigmatization also demonstrated more internalizing and externalizing problem behavior.
Comparison of the Roche COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV‐1 test v1.0 with v2.0 in HIV‐1 viral load quantification
Authors: Tung Yi‐Ching , Ke Liang‐Yin , Lu Po‐Liang , Lin Kuei‐Hsiang , Lee Su‐Chen , Lin Yi‐Ying , Chou Li‐Chiu , Tsai Wen‐Chan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRoche modified the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) test version 1.0 (CAP/CTM v1.0), resulting in the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV‐1 test version 2.0 (CAP/CTM v2.0). The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the CAP/CTM v2.0 and to compare this performance with that of the CAP/CTM v1.0. The study was conducted in a small local study group in Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. A total of 86 plasma samples from HIV‐1‐seropositive patients were tested using the two assays. The correlation and concordance of results between the two assays were calculated. The CAP/CTM v2.0 generated higher values than did the CAP/CTM v1.0, and five samples (5.8%) yielded a difference of > 1 log10 copies/mL. In addition, our data show that CAP/CTM v1.0 and CAP/CTM v2.0 yielded relatively consistent values for 23 samples with low viral loads (< 200 copies/mL). Furthermore, when viral loads were in a medium range (2–5 log10 copies/mL), the results of the two assays were more compatible. This study shows a good correlation between CAP/CTM v1.0 and v2.0 in HIV‐1 viral load measurement. Further attention must be paid to those cases in which measured viral loads present larger differences between the two assays.
George Rexworthy De Wilde (1832/3–1906): a forgotten pioneer of Arctic photography
Authors: Credland Arthur G. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAn account of G.R. De Wilde's contribution to Arctic photography is presented. His images from Sir Allen Young's 1875 voyage in Pandora are the earliest to be published from a British expedition, albeit in a volume that was privately printed.
Elemental composition and bacterial occurrence in sediment samples on two sides of Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard
Authors: Singh Shiv Mohan , Naik Simantini , Mulik Ravindra Uttam , Sharma Jagdev , Upadhyay Ajay Kumar 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe present study was conducted to determine the elemental concentration and bacterial presence in the ocean on the two sides of Brøggerhalvøya, a peninsula in Svalbard. Sediments from 25 different locations were collected and subjected to elemental analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). In total, 21 elements were analysed. The elements in their decreasing order of concentrations on the Kongsfjorden side of Brøggerhalvøya were Fe> Mn> Ba > V > Zn > Sr > Rb > Cr > Li > Ni > As > Pb > Cu > Co > Cs >Ag > Be > U> Bi >Tl > Cd while that for Forlandsendet side of Brøggerhalvøya they were Fe > Ba >Mn > V> Sr > Zn > Rb > Cr > Li > Ni > Pb > Cu > As > Co > Cs > Be > U> Tl > Bi > Cd. On the other hand, at a coastal outcrop, elements in their decreasing order of concentration were Fe > Mn > Cr > Sr > Ba > Rb > Cr > Zn > V > Rb > Ni > Li > Co > Cu > As > Pb > Cs > Be > Cd > Tl > U > Bi. AMS dates confirmed the age of outcrop sediment to be 12,496 to 42,500 BP. The crustal enrichment factor calculated for all the elements with reference to Fe values, demonstrates that the elements have derived from a crustal source. Total bacterial counts ranged from 3.30 × 105to 3.02 × 106per gm soil sediment. Culturable bacterial counts in these sediments were between 2.00 × 102to 2.09 × 105CFU's per gm. Overall comparison showed high Fe and Mn concentrations around Brøggerhalvøya, due to the presence of specific bacteria which play key roles in metal cycling and carry out biogeochemical transformations.
Social Categorization, Moral Disengagement, and Credibility of	Ideological Group Websites
Authors: Connelly Shane , Dunbar Norah E. , Jensen Matthew L. , Griffith Jennifer , Taylor William D. , Johnson Genevieve , Hughes Michael , Mumford Michael D. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract. The online presence of ideological groups has enabled the dissemination of group beliefs and ideas through a variety of new media outlets. Websites have offered a way for these groups to share aspects of their ideology and to create a sense of shared identity. While ideological groups have been of interest for decades, little empirical research has examined their online presence. The aims of this study were to compare nonviolent and violent ideological group websites with each other and with nonideological websites with respect to social categorization, moral disengagement, and website credibility, and to examine the relationships of psychological processes to website credibility. A content analysis approach was used to rate 105 websites (violent = 32, nonviolent = 36; nonideological = 37) for aspects of social categorization, outgrouping, moral disengagement, content features of credibility, and structural features of credibility. Violent ideological group websites manifest a greater degree of social categorization, outgrouping, and moral disengagement than nonviolent ideological and nonideological websites. Regression analysis shows that these three variables negatively predict content and structural website credibility for nonviolent ideological groups but do not significantly predict website credibility for violent groups or nonideological groups. Potential limitations include small sample, use of raters (vs. normative website visitors) to evaluate websites, inclusion of only English-language websites, limited number of psychological processes examined and the potential need for more specific website categories. Social identity processes on websites vary for different types of groups and impact perceived credibility of such groups in online environments.
Strong effect of climate on ectomycorrhizal fungal composition: evidence from range overlap between two mountains
Authors: Miyamoto Yumiko , Sakai Atsushi , Hattori Masahira , Nara Kazuhide 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Separating the effects of environmental factors and spatial distance on microbial composition is difficult when these factors covary. We examined the composition of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi along elevation gradients on geographically distant mountains to clarify the effect of climate at the regional scale. Soil cores were collected from various forest types along an elevation gradient in southwestern Japan. Fungal species were identified by the internal transcribed spacer regions of the rDNA using direct sequencing. The occurrence of fungal species in this study was compared with a previous study conducted on a mountain separated by ∼550 km. In total, we recorded 454 EM fungi from 330 of 350 soil cores. Forty-seven fungal species (∼20% of the total excluding singletons) were shared between two mountains, mostly between similar forest types on both mountains. Variation partitioning in redundancy analysis revealed that climate explained the largest variance in EM fungal composition. The similarity of forest tree composition, which is usually determined by climatic conditions, was positively correlated with the similarity of the EM fungal composition. However, the lack of large host effects implied that communities of forest trees and EM fungi may be determined independently by climate. Our data provide important insights that host plants and mutualistic fungi may respond to climate change idiosyncratically, potentially altering carbon and nutrient cycles in relation to the plant–fungus associations.
Emergence of terpene cyclization in Artemisia annua
Authors: Salmon Melissa , Laurendon Caroline , Vardakou Maria , Cheema Jitender , Defernez Marianne , Green Sol , Faraldos Juan A. , O’Maille Paul E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe emergence of terpene cyclization was critical to the evolutionary expansion of chemical diversity yet remains unexplored. Here we report the first discovery of an epistatic network of residues that controls the onset of terpene cyclization inArtemisia annua. We begin with amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS) and (E)-β-farnesene synthase (BFS), a pair of terpene synthases that produce cyclic or linear terpenes, respectively. A library of ~27,000 enzymes is generated by breeding combinations of natural amino-acid substitutions from the cyclic into the linear producer. We discover one dominant mutation is sufficient to activate cyclization, and together with two additional residues comprise a network of strongly epistatic interactions that activate, suppress or reactivate cyclization. Remarkably, this epistatic network of equivalent residues also controls cyclization in a BFS homologue fromCitrus junos.Fitness landscape analysis of mutational trajectories provides quantitative insights into a major epoch in specialized metabolism.