bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potentiation and Electrical Stimulus Frequency During Self-Paced Exercise and Recovery
Authors: Froyd Christian , Beltrami Fernando G. , Jensen Jørgen , Millet Guillaume Y. , Noakes Timothy David 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of potentiation on stimulation-induced muscle function during and after an intense bout of self-paced dynamic exercise. Ten active subjects performed a time trial involving repetitive concentric extension-flexion of the right knee using a Biodex dynamometer. Electrical stimulation before and after a 5 s maximal isometric voluntary contraction was performed before the start of the time trial and immediately (< 5 s) after each 20% of the time trial as well as 1, 2, 4 and 8 min after time trial termination. Potentiation was observed before the time trial and as early as 1-2 min after the time trial, but no potentiation was detected during or immediately after the time trial for neither single or paired stimuli. At termination of the time trial, “potentiated” peak torque was significantly more reduced than “unpotentiated" peak torque for single stimulus (-65 ± 10% and -42 ± 18%, respectively) and paired stimuli at 100 Hz (-51 ± 10% and -33 ± 15%, respectively). Faster recovery for “potentiated” compared to “unpotentiated” peak torque indicate that potentiate peak torque measurements or delay the post-exercise measurements more than a few seconds, will underestimate peripheral fatigue. In conclusion, the potentiation after maximal contraction disappears during intense exercise. Whether the muscle is already potentiated during intense contraction or fatiguing mechanisms inhibits potentiation remains to be clarified
Posture, Flexibility and Grip Strength in Horse Riders
Authors: Hobbs Sarah Jane , Baxter Joanna , Broom Louise , Rossell Laura-Ann , Sinclair Jonathan , Clayton Hilary M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Since the ability to train the horse to be ambidextrous is considered highly desirable, rider asymmetry is recognized as a negative trait. Acquired postural and functional asymmetry can originate from numerous anatomical regions, so it is difficult to suggest if any is developed due to riding. The aim of this study was therefore to assess symmetry of posture, strength and flexibility in a large population of riders and to determine whether typical traits exist due to riding. 127 right handed riders from the UK and USA were categorized according to years riding (in 20 year increments) and their competition level (using affiliated test levels). Leg length, grip strength and spinal posture were measured and recorded by a physiotherapist. Standing and sitting posture and trunk flexibility were measured with 3-D motion capture technology. Right-left differences were explored in relation to years riding and rider competitive experience. Significant anatomical asymmetry was found for the difference in standing acromion process height for a competition level (-0.07±1.50 cm Intro/Prelim; 0.02±1.31 cm Novice; 0.43±1.27 cm Elementary+; p=0.048) and for sitting iliac crest height for years riding (-0.23±1.36 cm Intro/Prelim; 0.01±1.50 cm Novice; 0.86±0.41 cm Elementary+; p=0.021). For functional asymmetry, a significant interaction was found for lateral bending ROM for years riding x competition level (p=0.047). The demands on dressage riders competing at higher levels may predispose these riders to a higher risk of developing asymmetry and potentially chronic back pain rather than improving their symmetry
Effect of a MAST Exercise Program on Anthropometric Parameters, Physical Fitness, and Serum Lipid Levels in Obese Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Trabka Bartosz , Zubrzycki Igor Z. , Ossowski Zbigniew , Bojke Olgierd , Clarke Anna , Wiacek Magdalena , Latosik Ewelina 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine an influence of a mixed aerobic and strength training program (MAST) on anthropometry, serum lipid levels, physical performance, and functional fitness in obese postmenopausal women. The MAST sessions were held three times per week, and the exercise program lasted for 10 weeks. The exercise group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in maximal oxygen uptake, a waist/hip ratio, and strength of the upper and lower body. An increase in LDL-C levels was observed in the control group. A 10-week MAST program encompassing Nordic-walking as an aerobic component, and strength exercises, induces positive changes in functional fitness, HDL-C, LDL-C and a waist/hip ratio in obese postmenopausal women. The observed changes implicate an increase in a health-related quality of life among the women administered to the physical exercise program
Avoiding Systematic Errors in Isometric Squat-Related Studies without Pre-Familiarization by Using Sufficient Numbers of Trials
Authors: Pekünlü Ekim , Özsu İlbilge 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
There is no scientific evidence in the literature indicating that maximal isometric strength measures can be assessed within 3 trials. We questioned whether the results of isometric squat-related studies in which maximal isometric squat strength (MISS) testing was performed using limited numbers of trials without pre-familiarization might have included systematic errors, especially those resulting from acute learning effects. Forty resistance-trained male participants performed 8 isometric squat trials without pre-familiarization. The highest measures in the first “n” trials (3 ≤ n ≤ 8) of these 8 squats were regarded as MISS obtained using 6 different MISS test methods featuring different numbers of trials (The Best of n Trials Method [BnT]). When B3T and B8T were paired with other methods, high reliability was found between the paired methods in terms of intraclass correlation coefficients (0.93-0.98) and coefficients of variation (3.4-7.0%). The Wilcoxon’s signed rank test indicated that MISS obtained using B3T and B8T were lower (p < 0.001) and higher (p < 0.001), respectively, than those obtained using other methods. The Bland- Altman method revealed a lack of agreement between any of the paired methods. Simulation studies illustrated that increasing the number of trials to 9-10 using a relatively large sample size (i.e., ≥ 24) could be an effective means of obtaining the actual MISS values of the participants. The common use of a limited number of trials in MISS tests without pre-familiarization appears to have no solid scientific base. Our findings suggest that the number of trials should be increased in commonly used MISS tests to avoid learning effect-related systematic errors
Oxygen Uptake and Heart Rate Kinetics after Different Types of Resistance Exercise
Authors: Vianna Jeferson M. , Werneck Francisco Z. , Coelho Emerson F. , Damasceno Vinicius O. , Reis Victor M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) kinetics after exercise are important indicators of fitness and cardiovascular health. However, these variables have been little investigated in resistance exercise (RE). The current study compared post-exercise kinetics of VO2 and the HR among different types of REs. The study included 14 males (age: 26.5±5.4 years, body mass: 80.1±11.4 kg, body height: 1.77±0.07 m, fat content: 11.3±4.6%) with RE experience. Dynamic muscle strength was measured using one repetition maximum (1RM) with regard to the half-squat, bench press, pull-down, and triceps pushdown exercises. The participants performed a maximum number of repetitions at 80% of 1RM for each exercise, separated by a recovery period of 60 minutes. VO2 was measured using ergospirometry. VO2 and HR kinetics were assessed using the time constant of the recovery curves, and excess oxygen consumption (EPOC) was calculated afterward. Significant differences were not observed across the exercises with regard to VO2 kinetics. However, the half-squat exercise elicited a greater EPOC than the bench press and triceps pushdown exercises (p<.05). HR kinetics was slower for the half-squat exercise than for the other exercises (p<.05). These findings confirm that the type of RE influences both the cardiac autonomic response post-exercise and EPOC, but not VO2 kinetics
Somatotype of Competitive Youth Soccer Players From Brazil
Authors: Fidelix Yara Lucy , Berria Juliane , Ferrari Elisa Pinheiro , Ortiz Jaelson Gonçalves , Cetolin Tiago , Petroski Edio Luiz 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the morphological configuration of youth athletes from professional soccer clubs and to verify their differences according to the tactical position on the field. Overall, 67 male players aged 15 to 17 years were evaluated. The examined anthropometric measurements included body mass, body height, skinfolds (triceps, subscapular, supraspinal and medial calf), girths (flexed and tensed arm and calf) and breadths (humerus and femur). For statistical purposes, analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. We concluded that goalkeepers were heavier and taller than center backs (p = 0.015 and p = 0.001), midfielders (p = 0.005 and p <0.001) and center forward players (p = 0.024 and p <0.001). The average somatotype for defense, forward and goalkeeper positions was a balanced mesomorph. Midfield players showed ectomorphic-mesomorph characteristics. It was concluded that goalkeepers were characterized as being taller and heavier and that somatotype features of athletes were similar between positions, except for midfield players
Height and Body Composition Determine Arm Propulsive Force in Youth Swimmers Independent of a Maturation Stage
Authors: Moura Tatiane , Costa Manoel , Oliveira Saulo , Júnior Marcos Barbosa , Ritti-Dias Raphael , Santos Marcos 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between anthropometric variables, body composition and propulsive force in swimmers aged 9-17 years. Anthropometric characteristics (body height and mass, sitting height, arm span, arm muscle area and body composition) and the propulsive force of the arm (tethered swimming test) were evaluated in 56 competitive male swimmers. Tanner’s stages of genital maturation (P1-5) were used. The data analysis included correlations and multiple linear regression. The propulsive force of the arm was correlated with body height (r = 0.34; p =0.013), arm span (r = 0.29; p =0.042), sitting height (r = 0.36; p =0.009), % body fat (r = 0.33; p =0.016), lean body mass (r = 0.34; p =0.015) and arm muscle area (r = 0.31; p =0.026). Using multiple linear regression models, the percent body fat and height were identified as significant predictors of the propulsive force of the arm after controlling for the maturation stage. This model explained 22% (R2 = 0.22) of associations. In conclusion, the propulsive force of swimmers was related to body height and percent body fat
The Analysis of Differences in Residential Property Price Indices
Authors: Kokot Sebastian 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Residential property price indices can serve as a useful tool in the practice of real property market analysts, investment advisers, property developers, certified property appraisers, estate agents and managers. They can also be applied in property price valorization in specific legal positions. The Polish Act on Real Estate Management puts an obligation on the President of the Central Statistical Office to announce real property price indices, but the CSO fails to fulfill this obligation. The author’s rationale for this article is to contribute to works on rules of how to build property price indices. Presented within are the results of research on determining the price indices of such types of residential property as: a part of a building constituting a separate property and strata titles in housing cooperatives. The flats were divided into categories by floor area and by their location in 16 voivodeship capitals. The major purpose of the study is to prove that the prices of flats of different floor area change at different rates. Consequently, it seems worth considering whether a more detailed segmentation of the real estate market would be worthwhile for the sake of more accurate real property price indicators.
Variants of Modeling Dwelling Market Value
Authors: Barańska Anna , Michalik Sylwia 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The object of this paper is to determine real estate market value on the basis of a multidimensional function model in different variants: A - directly from the model estimated on the basis of a big database, B - from the same model form, but estimated on the basis of a reduced database consisting of dwellings most similar to the estimated one, and C - based on modeled prices corrected by random correction, calculated from random deviations for dwellings most similar to the assessed one. In the framework of statistical inference procedures, the resulting comparison was carried out by parametric significance tests. They were applied to draw conclusions on the analyzed variants
Traffic Noise as a Factor Influencing Apartment Prices in Large Cities
Authors: Szczepańska Agnieszka , Senetra Adam , Wasilewicz Monika 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Environmental factors are among the key determinants of real estate prices. They include landscape attractiveness, land relief, exposure to sunlight and proximity to natural features. In large urban centers, traffic noise emissions significantly affect decision-making on the real estate market. Weakly developed road networks and the absence of ring roads that shift road traffic outside residential districts are a widespread problem in the cities of Central-Eastern Europe. The prevention of traffic noise pollution, one of the key environmental problems in Europe, is an important goal of European Union policy. This paper analyzes the correlations between apartment prices and traffic noise levels in Olsztyn, the capital city of the Warminsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship (province) in north-eastern Poland. A linear correlation analysis was performed, and the distribution of unit prices of apartments was mapped by ordinary kriging.
The Possibilities and Limitations of Geostatistical Methods in Real Estate Market Analyses
Authors: Cellmer Radosław 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In the traditional approach, geostatistical modeling involves analyses of the spatial structure of regionalized data, as well as estimations and simulations that rely on kriging methods. Geostatistical methods can complement traditional statistical models of property transaction prices, and when combined with those models, they offer a comprehensive tool for spatial analysis that is used in the process of developing land value maps. Transaction prices are characterized by mutual spatial correlations and can be considered as regionalized variables. They can also be regarded as random variables that have a local character and a specific probability distribution.
This study explores the possibilities of applying geostatistical methods in spatial modeling of the prices of undeveloped land, as well as the limitations associated with those methods and the imperfect nature of the real estate market. The results are discussed based on examples, and they cover both the modeling process and the generated land value maps.
Public Real Estate Management System in the Procedural Approach – A Case Study of Poland and Slovakia
Authors: Gross Marta , Źróbek Ryszard , Špirková Daniela 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Public real estate management is performed according to country-specific procedures. However, there are some features which are common for all post-socialist countries. It may be possible to implement and transfer into the Polish system the good management practice which has been developed by leading countries. On the other hand, Poles may have a chance to become acquainted with the rules governing public real estate management in other countries and to identify some practices which ought to be avoided. There is no need to implement faithfully those procedures which in other countries have been recognized as generally inadequate or inefficient and have been replaced by new solutions. This pertains to some principal components of the real estate management system.
The aim of the paper has been to present public real estate management systems in Poland and Slovakia in the context of good governance, and to suggest some indicators for assessing the procedures in these systems in terms of their efficiency.
Carrying Out Municipal Tasks in the Scope of Housing Stock Management – Case Study of Poznań City
Authors: Trojanek Maria 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The municipal real estate stock, including housing, serves as an asset base in the process of carrying out statutory tasks by the municipality. Due to the numerous functions of municipal housing in socioeconomic development and its influence on people’s living conditions, it is essential that local governments manage the stock with particular rationality and effectiveness. Management activities differ according to the aim, type and functions of the stock. This paper discusses conditions and potential benefits for the municipality from replacing budgetary units with commercial companies that take over the statutory tasks of municipalities in the field of public social housing and providing the right conditions to enable people’s housing needs to be met. Furthermore, the author presents possible financial settlement forms resulting from leasing municipal housing to commercial companies.
In vitro effects of prolonged exposure to quercetin and epigallocatechin gallate of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell membrane
Authors: Margina Denisa , Ilie Mihaela , Manda Gina , Neagoe Ionela , Danciulescu-Miulescu Rucsandra , Purdel Carmen , Gradinaru Daniela 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe study aimed to assess biophysical changes that take place in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) membranes when exposed in vitro to 10 μM quercetin or epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) for 24 and 48 h. PBMCs isolated from hypercholesterolemia patients were compared to those from normocholesterolemia subjects. The membrane fluidity and transmembrane potential were evaluated and the results were correlated with biochemical parameters relevant to oxidative stress, assessed in the patients’ plasma. The baseline value of PBMC membrane anisotropy for the hypercholesterolemia patients was lower than that of the control group. These results correlated with the plasma levels of advanced glycation end products, which were significantly higher in the hypercholesterolemia group, and the total plasma antioxidant status, which was significantly higher in normocholesterolemia subjects. In the case of normocholesterolemia cells in vitro, polyphenols induced a decrease in membrane anisotropy (7.25–11.88% at 24 h, 1.82–2.26% at 48 h) and a hyperpolarizing effect (8.30–8.90% at 24 h and 4.58–13.00% at 48 h). The same effect was induced in hypercholesterolemia cells, but only after 48 h exposure to the polyphenols: the decrease in membrane anisotropy was 5.70% for quercetin and 2.33% for EGCG. After 48 h of in vitro incubation with the polyphenols, PBMCs isolated from hypercholesterolemia patients exhibited the effects that had been registered in cells from normocholesterolemia subjects after 24 h exposure. These results outlined the beneficial action of the studied polyphenols, quercetin and EGCG, as dietary supplements in normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia patients.
Competing Wind Energy Discourses, Contested Landscapes
Authors: Leibenath Markus , Otto Antje 
Published: October 2014

The impairment of landscapes is a concern constantly raised against wind energy developments in Germany as in other countries. Often, landscapes or landscape types are treated in the literature as essentialist or at least as uncontested categories. We analyse two examples of local controversies about wind energy, in which “landscape” is employed by supporters and opponents alike, from a poststructuralist and discourse theoretical angle. The aim is to identify and compare landscape constructs produced in the micro discourses of wind energy objectors and proponents at local level (a) within each case, (b) between the two cases and (c) with landscape constructs that were previously found in macro discourses. One major finding is that several different landscapes can exist at one and the same place. Furthermore there seems to be a relatively stable set of competing landscape concepts which is reproduced in specific controversies. The paper concludes by highlighting practical consequences and by identifying promising avenues of further research.
Retroperitoneal Schwannoma mimicking a Large Adrenal Incidentaloma: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Shabiyullah Shafiq Rahman Abdul Gaffoor , Singaporewalla Reyaz M , Rao Anil Dinkar , Desai Vijayadwaja 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
Schwannomas are rare tumors originating from Schwann cells of peripheral nerve sheath (neurilemma) of the ectoderm. They are also referred to as neurilemmomas and are generally benign, solitary tumors arising from cranial and peripheral nerves. Rarely, they arise from the retroperitoneum and adrenal medulla. Retroperitoneal schwannomas constitute about 0.5 to 5% of all schwannomas and of which most of them are benign in nature. Most patients are asymptomatic or have vague abdominal symptoms. On imaging, they are often mistaken for adrenal tumors due to their location and preoperative diagnosis is often difficult. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the investigation of choice to demonstrate these lesions and its relation to other structures. Total excision is recommended as malignancy, although rare cannot be ruled out preoperatively. We present a case of a large retroperitoneal schwannoma that mimicked an adrenal incidentaloma and was excised laparoscopically. The imaging characteristics and management strategy are discussed.

How to cite this article
Shabiyullah SRAG, Singaporewalla RM, Rao AD, Desai V. Retroperitoneal Schwannoma mimicking a Large Adrenal Incidentaloma: Case Report and Review of Literature. World J Endoc Surg 2014;6(2):81-84.
Is er behoefte aan bestendige wetgeving?
Authors: Evers G.J.M. 
Published: October 2014

Is er behoefte aan bestendige wetgeving?
Klachten over het gebrek aan bestendigheid van wetgeving zijn niet nieuw. De overheid wil steeds opnieuw door wetgeving uitvoering geven aan nieuw beleid. Hierbij wordt de noodzaak van verandering niet altijd onderbouwd en worden de effecten van nieuwe wetgeving niet altijd goed onderzocht. Bestendigheid van wetgeving is belangrijk. Het draagt bij aan de uitvoerbaarheid, de handhaafbaarheid, de eenvoud, duidelijkheid en toegankelijkheid en de effectiviteit en efficiëntie van wetgeving. Tegelijkertijd is ook van belang dat de wetgeving een bestendig kader kan bieden zonder te veel aan flexibiliteit in de weg te staan. Het is de uitdaging om een balans te vinden tussen daadkracht en continuïteit, flexibiliteit en rechtszekerheid en snelheid en zorgvuldigheid.
Alles woelt hier om verandering … Bestendige omgevingswetgeving?
Authors: Drupsteen Th.G. 
Published: October 2014

Alles woelt hier om verandering … Bestendige omgevingswetgeving?
Bestendigheid van wetgeving speelt geen rol van betekenis in de omgevingswetgeving. Deze wetgeving draagt in belangrijke mate een instrumenteel karakter. Zij is erop gericht om te komen tot een samenhangend en effectief milieubeleid. Veranderingen in de omgevingswetgeving zijn het gevolg van verschillende invloeden, waaronder de Europese omgevingsregelgeving. Deze veranderingen beogen steeds de omgevingswetgeving beter te laten beantwoorden aan haar doel.