bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of CD8+ T Cells and Their Local Interaction with CD4+ T Cells in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein35–55–Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Leuenberger Tina , Paterka Magdalena , Reuter Eva , Herz Josephine , Niesner Raluca A. , Radbruch Helena , Bopp Tobias , Zipp Frauke , Siffrin Volker 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
T cells have an essential role in the induction of multiple sclerosis and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Although for CD4+ T cells it is well established that they contribute to the disease, less is known about the role of CD8+ T cells. Our aim was to determine the individual contribution of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55–induced EAE. We investigated MOG35–55–activated CD8+ T cells to clarify their potential to induce or attenuate EAE. We monitored the behavior of CD8+ T cells and their interaction with CD4+ T cells directly at the site of inflammation in the CNS using intravital imaging of the brainstem of EAE-affected living anesthetized mice. We found that mice without CD4+ T cells did not develop relevant clinical signs of disease, although CD8+ T cells were present in the CNS of these mice. These CD8+ T cells displayed reduced motility compared with those in the presence of CD4+ T cells. In mice that harbored CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, we saw a similar extent of clinical signs of EAE as in mice with only CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, the dynamic motility and viability of CD4+ T cells were not disturbed by CD8+ T cells in the lesions of these mice. Therefore, we conclude that in MOG35–55–induced EAE, CD8+ T cell accumulation in the CNS represents instead an epiphenomenon with no impact on clinical disease or on the effects of CD4+ T cells, the latter being the true inducers of the disease.
A Novel Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug, Iguratimod, Ameliorates Murine Arthritis by Blocking IL-17 Signaling, Distinct from Methotrexate and Leflunomide
Authors: Luo Qiong , Sun Yang , Liu Wen , Qian Cheng , Jin Biao , Tao Feifei , Gu Yanhong , Wu Xingxin , Shen Yan , Xu Qiang 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Iguratimod, a novel disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, which is now used in clinics in China and Japan, has been confirmed as a highly efficacious and safe drug for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. The antiarthritic mechanism of iguratimod, especially compared with that of the classical disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, has not been elucidated. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the antiarthritic effects of iguratimod and two reference drugs, methotrexate and leflunomide. We found that iguratimod dose dependently and potently inhibited arthritic inflammation of the synovium in collagen-induced arthritis and predominantly targeted IL-17 signaling. Consistent with its effects in vivo, iguratimod significantly suppressed the expression of various proinflammatory factors triggered by IL-17 in the cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes. The inhibition of IL-17 signaling by iguratimod was further linked to a decrease in the mRNA stability of related genes and a reduction in phosphorylation of MAPKs. Iguratimod mainly targets Act1 to disrupt the interaction between Act1 and TRAF5 and IKKi in the IL-17 pathway of synoviocytes. Together, our results suggest that iguratimod yields a strong improvement in arthritis via its unique suppression of IL-17 signaling in fibroblast-like synoviocytes. This feature of iguratimod is different from those of methotrexate and leflunomide. This study may be helpful for further understanding the unique antiarthritic mechanism of iguratimod in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Induced Regulatory T Cells Promote Tolerance When Stabilized by Rapamycin and IL-2 In Vivo
Authors: Zhang Ping , Tey Siok-Keen , Koyama Motoko , Kuns Rachel D. , Olver Stuart D. , Lineburg Katie E. , Lor Mary , Teal Bianca E. , Raffelt Neil C. , Raju Jyothy , Leveque Lucie , Markey Kate A. , Varelias Antiopi , Clouston Andrew D. , Lane Steven W. , MacDonald Kelli P. A. , Hill Geoffrey R. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Natural regulatory T cells (nTregs) play an important role in tolerance; however, the small numbers of cells obtainable potentially limit the feasibility of clinical adoptive transfer. Therefore, we studied the feasibility and efficacy of using murine-induced regulatory T cells (iTregs) for the induction of tolerance after bone marrow transplantation. iTregs could be induced in large numbers from conventional donor CD4 and CD8 T cells within 1 wk and were highly suppressive. During graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), CD4 and CD8 iTregs suppressed the proliferation of effector T cells and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. However, unlike nTregs, both iTreg populations lost Foxp3 expression within 3 wk in vivo, reverted to effector T cells, and exacerbated GVHD. The loss of Foxp3 in iTregs followed homeostatic and/or alloantigen-driven proliferation and was unrelated to GVHD. However, the concurrent administration of rapamycin, with or without IL-2/anti–IL-2 Ab complexes, to the transplant recipients significantly improved Foxp3 stability in CD4 iTregs (and, to a lesser extent, CD8 iTregs), such that they remained detectable 12 wk after transfer. Strikingly, CD4, but not CD8, iTregs could then suppress Teff proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production and prevent GVHD in an equivalent fashion to nTregs. However, at high numbers and when used as GVHD prophylaxis, Tregs potently suppress graft-versus-leukemia effects and so may be most appropriate as a therapeutic modality to treat GVHD. These data demonstrate that CD4 iTregs can be produced rapidly in large, clinically relevant numbers and, when transferred in the presence of systemic rapamycin and IL-2, induce tolerance in transplant recipients.
Increased Level of E Protein Activity during Invariant NKT Development Promotes Differentiation of Invariant NKT2 and Invariant NKT17 Subsets
Authors: Hu Taishan , Wang Hongcheng , Simmons Amie , Bajaña Sandra , Zhao Ying , Kovats Susan , Sun Xiao-Hong , Alberola-Ila Jose 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
E protein transcription factors and their natural inhibitors, Id proteins, play critical and complex roles during lymphoid development. In this article, we report that partial maintenance of E protein activity during positive selection results in a change in the cell fate determination of developing iNKT cells, with a block in the development of iNKT1 cells and a parallel increase in the iNKT2 and iNKT17 subsets. Because the expression levels of the transcription factors that drive these alternative functional fates (GATA-3, RORγT, T-bet, and Runx-3) are not altered, our results suggest that E protein activity controls a novel checkpoint that regulates the number of iNKT precursors that choose each fate.
Dye‐Incorporated Carbonized Polymer Dots with Tunable Solid‐State Emission Based on Intraparticle Förster Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Wang Yu , Qin Yingxi , Tian Wenming , Zhang Hongyu , Wang Fengya , Yan Xianchang , Rong Shiqi , HuangFu Changxin , Shi Yushu , Wang Zhenming , Yang Lihua , Zhi Hui , Qin Aimiao , Feng Liang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCarbonized polymer dots (CPDs) exhibiting tunable solid‐state emission (SSE) show great promise as rare‐earth‐free functional phosphors. Nevertheless, progress in this field has been hindered by the structural heterogeneity of CPDs and a lack of fundamental understanding of the underlying emission mechanisms. In this work, a universal approach is presented for the large‐scale, controlled synthesis of CPDs with tailored SSE properties. This strategy leverages intraparticle Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) by incorporating selected fluorophores into self‐assembled CPDs nanostructures. The resulting CPDs exhibit exceptional SSE characteristics, such as high quantum yields, adjustable band structures, narrow emission linewidths, and excellent photostability in both solution and solid‐state. Moreover, the multifunctional capabilities of these CPDs are demonstrated, including efficient light harvesting, their potential as nanocarriers, and their application in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). This findings establish self‐assembly‐mediated doping as a robust platform for engineering CPDs with unique SSE properties, underpinned by the principles of intraparticle FRET.
In Situ TEM Investigation of the Lithiation and Delithiation Process Between Graphene Sheets in the Presence of Atomic Defects
Authors: Li Yueliang , Börrnert Felix , Ghorbani‐Asl Mahdi , Biskupek Johannes , Zhang Xuemei , Zhang Yongsheng , Bresser Dominic , Krasheninnikov Arkady V. , Kaiser Ute 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUsing advanced in situ transmission electron microscopy, the lithiation and delithiation processes into graphene sheets are studied and significant differences are detected in the structural evolution of the system. Thin fcc lithium crystals with faceted shapes are formed between graphene sheets during lithiation, but are transformed into irregular patches during delithiation. It is found that defects such as vacancies in graphene and impurity atoms play the key role in these processes. Specifically, during intercalation the lithium crystals nucleate at vacancies in graphene, while upon delithiation the impurity oxygen atoms initially embedded at octahedral interstitial positions inside the lithium crystals agglomerate at the edges of the crystals, thus giving rise to the formation of amorphous lithium oxide patches, where lithium ions are trapped.
Triboelectric Nanogenerators Powered Hydrogen Production System Using MoS2/Ti3C2 as Catalysts
Authors: Dai Xianggang , Wu Xiaobo , Yao Boyuan , Hong Zhanyong , Jiang Tao , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydrogen energy is an alternative to carbon‐based fuels due to its zero pollution and high energy density. The electrolysis of water, driven by triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), is considered as a promising green method for hydrogen production. 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides can be used as catalyst carriers, through interface engineering to prepare molybdenum disulfide/titanium dioxide (MoS2/Ti3C2) composites for accelerating the kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work, a multilayered rotating TENG (MR‐TENG) is designed to convert rotating mechanical energy into electrical energy for constructing a self‐powered hydrogen production system. MoS2/Ti3C2 composites are utilized as electrodes for electrolyzing water, which can enhance the catalytic activity in the HER. The output performance of the MR‐TENG and its managed charging performance when integrating with a constant voltage power management module are investigated. Besides the application demonstrations of powering a digital thermometer, an anemometer, and a commercial incandescent lamp, the power‐managed MR‐TENG is applied to generate electricity for water electrolysis, and realize a hydrogen evolution rate of 7.1 mL min−1 at the rotation speed of 90 rpm. This work provides an effective approach to the self‐powered production of high‐purity green hydrogen based on renewable blue energy utilization with important industrial application prospects.
Asymmetrical Elongation of Branched Alkyl Chains in Non‐Fullerene Acceptors for Large‐Area Organic Solar Modules
Authors: Kim Bomi , Lee Yang‐Soo , Um DuHyeon , Jeong Won , Lee Seul , Kim Kwangmin , Nam GyuMin , Hwang Hyegyeong , Kim SuHyun , Kim Taeyoon , Lee Kwanghee , Kang Hongkyu , Kim BongSoo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the drive toward the development of large‐area organic solar cells (OSCs), there is a critical need for advanced fabrication techniques that ensure both their efficiency and scalability. In particular, a shift from toxic halogenated solvents to safer non‐halogenated alternatives such as o‐xylene, which have lower environmental and health impacts, is required. However, transitioning to non‐halogenated solvents can lead to serious problems, including aggregation within the active layer, which compromises film morphology and the resulting efficiency of OSCs. To address this aggregation, in the present study, the 2‐ethylhexyl (EH) groups in L8‐BO(EH‐EH) are replaced with longer chains (2‐heptylundecyl [HU], 2‐decyltetradecyl [DT], and 2‐dodecylhexadecyl [DH] groups) to synthesize the non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) of L8‐BO(HU‐HU), L8‐BO(HU‐DT), and L8‐BO(HU‐DH). The NFAs with the longer alkyl chains are highly soluble in o‐xylene and produce highly uniform films, making them more suitable for use in large‐area OSCs. Using the NFAs, slot‐die‐coated organic solar modules with an active area of 200 cm2 are fabricated; the L8‐BO(HU‐DT)‐based module exhibits an impressive power conversion efficiency of 11.44%. This work thus underscores the asymmetrical elongation of alkyl chains in the NFAs to mitigate severe NFA phase separation and improve film printability in the practical production of organic solar modules.
In situ Blending For Co‐Deposition of Electron Transport and Perovskite Layers Enables Over 24% Efficiency Stable Inverted Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Wanhai , Li Xiaofeng , Huang Pengyu , Yang Li , Gao Liang , Jiang Yonghe , Hu Jianfei , Gao Yinhu , Che Yuliang , Deng Jidong , Zhang Jinbao , Tang Weihua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSimplifying the manufacturing processes of multilayered high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is yet of vital importance for their cost‐effective production. Herein, an in situ blending strategy is presented for co‐deposition of electron transport layer (ETL) and perovskite absorber by incorporating (3‐(7‐butyl‐1,3,6,8‐tetraoxo‐3,6,7,8‐tetrahydrobenzo‐ [lmn][3,8]phenanthrolin‐2(1H)‐yl)propyl)phosphonic acid (NDP) into the perovskite precursor solutions. The phosphonic acid‐like anchoring group coupled with its large molecular size drives the migration of NDP toward indium tin oxide (ITO) surface to form a distinct ETL during perovskite film forming. This strategy circumvents the critical wetting issue and simultaneously improves the interfacial charge collection efficiencies. Consequently, n‐i‐p PSCs based on in situ blended NDP achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.01%, which is one of the highest values for PSCs using organic ETLs. This performance is notably higher than that of ETL‐free (21.19%) and independently spin‐coated (21.42%) counterparts. More encouragingly, the in situ blending strategy dramatically enhances the device stability under harsh conditions by retaining over 90% of initial efficiencies after 250 h in 100 °C or 65% humidity storage. Moreover, this strategy is universally adaptable to various perovskite compositions, device architectures, and electron transport materials (ETMs), showing great potential for applications in diverse optoelectronic devices.
Investigating the Stable Structures and Topological Insulator Characteristics of Honeycomb AuTe Monolayer Through Decorating with Alkali Metal Atoms, as well as the Effects of Strain and Layering: a First‐Principle Study
Authors: Faraji Mehrdad , Yalameha Shahram , Hosseine Mojtaba , Bafekry Asadollah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, first‐principles calculations are used to systematically study the structural, mechanical, and optical properties of the honeycomb AuTe monolayer, as well as the influence of layered structures on their stability and electronic properties. Additionally, the effect of alkali metal atoms decorating AuTe‐X (X = Li, Na, K) and related structural, electronic, optical, and topological insulator properties, along with the biaxial strain on the lithium‐decorated AuTe‐Li monolayer are investigated. The AuTe monolayer shows metallic characteristics, and when alkali metal atoms are decorated onto it, the resulting structures remain dynamically stable. Notably, the introduction of Li, Na, and K atoms induces bandgap opening in the decorated Li and Na monolayers near the Fermi level, causing metal‐to‐narrow bandgap semiconductor and Dirac semi‐metal transitions. Conversely, the metallic nature of the decorated AuTe‐K monolayer is retained. The emergence of a bandgap near the Fermi level, caused by alkali metal decoration, triggers a topological phase transition in AuTe‐Li, AuTe‐Na, and AuTe‐K monolayers. Optical analyses reveal that AuTe‐K decorated structure enhances light absorption in the visible spectrum. Consequently, the findings provide insights into the decoration of these two‐dimensional material monolayers, potentially advancing research and motivating the production of such monolayers for current nanodevice applications.
Adenosine Deaminase‐Like Gene‐Carried Lentivirus Toolkit for Identification of DNA N6‐Methyladenine Origins
Authors: Liang Ziyu , Chen Shaokun , Li Yao , Lai Weiyi , Wang Hailin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPost‐replicative DNA N6‐methyladenine (pr6mdA) can form via bona fide methylase‐catalyzed adenine methylation, playing a pivotal role in embryonic development and other biological processes. Surprisingly, pre‐methylated adenine can be erroneously incorporated into DNA as misincorporated N6‐methyladenine (i6mdA) via DNA polymerase‐mediated replication. Despite pr6mdA and i6mdA sharing identical chemical structures, their biological functions diverge significantly, presenting a substantial challenge in distinguishing between the two. Here, for the first‐time, it is exploited that the adenosine deaminase‐like (Adal) protein and a corresponding activity‐null mutant to construct an Adal lentivirus toolkit. With this newly designed toolkit, both pr6mdA and i6mdA can be identified and quantified simultaneously. The presence of 6mdA in the bone marrow cells of mice is shown, with its levels serving as indicators for growth with age, probably reflecting the cellular stress‐caused changes in RNA decay, nucleotide pool sanitation, and transcription. Collectively, a powerful toolkit to advance understanding of both pr6mdA and i6mdA is demonstrated.
Near‐Infrared Emissive Super Penetrating Conjugated Polymer Dots for Intratumoral Imaging in 3D Tumor Spheroid Models
Authors: Karabacak Soner , Çoban Başak , Yıldız Ahu Arslan , Yıldız Ümit Hakan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study describes the formation of single‐chain polymer dots (Pdots) via ultrasonic emulsification of nonionic donor‐acceptor‐donor type (D–A–D) alkoxy thiophene–benzobisthiadiazole‐based conjugated polymers (Poly BT) with amphiphilic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The methodology yields Pdots with a high cationic surface charge (+56.5 mV ± 9.5) and average hydrodynamic radius of 12 nm. Optical characterization reveals that these Pdots emit near‐infrared (NIR) light at a maximum wavelength of 860 nm owing to their conjugated polymer backbone consisting of D–A–D monomers. Both colloidal and optical properties of these Pdots make them promising fluorescence emissive probes for bioimaging applications. The significant advantage of positively charged Pdots is demonstrated in diffusion‐limited mediums such as tissues, utilizing human epithelial breast adenocarcinoma, ATCC HTB‐22 (MCF‐7), human bone marrow neuroblastoma, ATCC CRL‐2266 (SH‐SY5Y), and rat adrenal gland pheochromocytoma, CRL‐1721 (PC‐12) tumor spheroid models. Fluorescence microscopy analysis of tumor spheroids from MCF‐7, SH‐SY5Y, and PC‐12 cell lines reveals the intensity profile of Pdots, confirming extensive penetration into the central regions of the models. Moreover, a comparison with mitochondria staining dye reveals an overlap between the regions stained by Pdots and the dye in all three tumor spheroid models. These results suggest that single‐chain D–A–D type Pdots, cationized via CTAB, exhibit long‐range mean free path of penetration (≈1 µm) in dense mediums and tumors.
AI‐Powered Mining of Highly Customized and Superior ESIPT‐Based Fluorescent Probes
Authors: Huang Wenzhi , Huang Shuai , Fang Yanpeng , Zhu Tianyu , Chu Feiyi , Liu Qianhui , Yu Kunqian , Chen Fei , Dong Jie , Zeng Wenbin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExcited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) has attracted great attention in fluorescent sensors and luminescent materials due to its unique photobiological and photochemical features. However, the current structures are far from meeting the specific demands for ESIPT molecules in different scenarios; the try‐and‐error development method is labor‐intensive and costly. Therefore, it is imperative to devise novel approaches for the exploration of promising ESIPT fluorophores. This research proposes an artificial intelligence approach aiming at exploring ESIPT molecules efficiently. The first high‐quality ESIPT dataset and a multi‐level prediction system are constructed that realized accurate identification of ESIPT molecules from a large number of compounds under a stepwise distinguishing from conventional molecules to fluorescent molecules and then to ESIPT molecules. Furthermore, key structural features that contributed to ESIPT are revealed by using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method. Then three strategies are proposed to ensure the ESIPT process while keeping good safety, pharmacokinetic properties, and novel structures. With these strategies, >700 previously unreported ESIPT molecules are screened from a large pool of 570 000 compounds. The ESIPT process and biosafety of optimal molecules are successfully validated by quantitative calculation and experiment. This novel approach is expected to bring a new paradigm for exploring ideal ESIPT molecules.
Acceleration and Deceleration Behavior of Skyrmion Controlled by Curvature Gradient in Elliptical‐Ring Track
Authors: Cai Na , Liu Yan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe potential of skyrmions as information carriers in spintronic devices has garnered significant attention. In this paper, the study investigates the current driven movement behavior of skyrmions in elliptical‐ring tracks (ERTs). The findings suggest that the curvature gradient of ERTs can either increase or decrease skyrmion velocity. The increase in velocity aids in transmitting skyrmions, while the decrease in velocity helps in intercepting them. Based on the transmission and interception of skyrmion controlled by the curvature gradient of the ERT, the study has designed diode, logic NOT, AND, and OR gates. The feasibility and robustness of these devices are demonstrated through micromagnetic simulations. The research provides valuable insights and recommendations for designing skyrmion‐based devices with curved geometries.
Azoniafluorenones: A New Family of Two‐Electron Storage Electrolytes for Sustainable Near‐Neutral pH Aqueous Organic Flow Battery
Authors: Artault Maxime , Gonzalez Gabriel , Damlin Pia , Toivola Juho , Mailman Aaron , Hannonen Jenna , Pihko Petri M , Peljo Pekka 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFluorenones are suitable candidates for negolytes in flow batteries, as they demonstrate the ability to store 2 electrons, and can achieve reversibility, solubility, and stability with appropriate molecular design. However, limitations persist such as the use of alkaline media, high redox potentials, and a limited scope for optimization. Herein, azoniafluorenones is reported as a novel class of negolytes. They can be readily accessed in a highly modular fashion from inexpensive commercially available materials (e.g., boronic acids). Variations in the substitution patterns reveal the 3‐substituted N‐alkylated AZON3, which demonstrates excellent solubility at neutral pH (1.64 m) with two low reversible redox potentials (−0.31 and −0.58 V vs Ag/AgCl). AZON3 exhibits high stability when evaluated at high concentration in a neutral supporting electrolyte (1 m in 3 m KCl), paired with BTMAP‐Fc on the positive side. Capacity retentions of 99.95% and 99.91% per cycle (99.35% and 99.21% per day) are achieved when cycling with 1 and 2 electrons, respectively, coupled with high volumetric capacity of 46.4 Ah L−1 (87% of capacity utilization).