bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global collaboration and team-building through 3D virtual environments
Authors: Umoren Rachel , Stadler Dora J. , Gasior Stephen L. , Al-Sheikhly Deema , Truman Barbara , Lowe Carolyn 
Published: November 2014

Certain aspects of healthcare education are difficult to teach in real world environments or in isolated classroom settings. These include, but are not limited to, collaboration and interdisciplinary teamwork skills that are necessary for improved team performance and patient care outcomes. Virtual simulation is a growing field for training and continuous professional development activities and is conducive to local and international clinical training and collaborative projects.
The authors examine theories of collaboration applied to virtual worlds, along with case studies, to demonstrate virtual simulation's applicability to a variety of teaching environments.
In addition, virtual environments have applications to interprofessional healthcare training and team formation. International partnerships for education can benefit from using virtual environments to foster team-building activities without geographic boundaries.
Virtual environments have been instrumental in the growth and sustainability of international networks of educators and, when feasible, should be utilized as a tool for the development of international partnerships.
Pyrene Fluorescence in Nanoaggregates Irradiated by IR Photons
Authors: Jungclas Hartmut , Komarov Viacheslav V. , Popova Anna M. , Schmidt Lothar 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Pyrene fluorescence of a molecular donor-acceptor nanoaggregate induced by infrared (IR) radiation with λ =16 - 18 μm considered.We assume that this nanoaggregate consists of two molecules, exchanging energy by dipole-dipole interaction. The energy acceptor is an aromatic molecule. The other molecule, the energy donor, is assumed to contain a substructure CnH2n which serves as antenna for IR radiation. The antenna can accumulate collective vibrational excitations and transmit them to the acceptor molecule. Acceptor fluorescence is possible if the amount of transmitted energy is equal to the energy of its excited state in the visible part of the absorption spectrum. We analyse the fluorescence of a nanoaggregate consisting of a donor with a C5H10 substructure and pyrene molecules or pyrene dimers as acceptors. A method is proposed for determination of the ‘critical micelle concentration’ (CMC), i. e. concentration of a dissolved polymer, for which the polymer molecules are beginning to aggregate.
L’alimentation des enfants du point de vue de leurs parents
Authors: Mathiot Louis 
Published: November 2014

Cette contribution propose d’apporter un éclairage sur les façons dont les parents d’enfants âgés de 4 à 12 ans effectuent des choix relatifs à l’alimentation de ces derniers dans un contexte marqué par la montée des incertitudes et des injonctions contradictoires autour de l’acte de manger. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique menée dans vingt familles, il s’agit de comparer les familles appartenant aux catégories sociales favorisées avec celles des milieux plus modestes, en observant les arbitrages auxquels les unes et les autres procèdent dans la gestion de la pluralité des risques alimentaires.
Liens commerciaux entres les Petites Antilles et l’Amérique du Nord sous l’Ancien régime
Authors: Lafleur Gérard 
Published: November 2014

La proximité géographique de l’Amérique du Nord, les possibilités offertes par les cultures du Nord-est du territoire, le besoin des productions coloniales, en faisaient naturellement un partenaire commercial naturel pour les Antilles à partir du moment où les colonies américaines s’étaient organisées et qu’une marine marchande locale pouvaient s’appuyer sur un arrière-pays agricole.
Ce commerce était interdit par les deux puissances principales, qui tentaient de faire appliquer l'Exclusif en opposition avec leurs sujets américains (français et britanniques) qui voulaient faire des affaires les plus fructueuses possibles. Les puissances centrales, lointaines, n’avaient pas les moyens de l'interdire complètement. Les productions étaient complémentaires ; morue et boeuf salés, poissons séchés, farine, bois de construction (lumber), légumes secs d’une part, sucre, rhum, mélasses d’abord puis coton, cacao ensuite et café à partir des années 1730 d’autre part.
Le commerce entre les colonies britanniques des Antilles et de l'Amérique du nord était naturellement autorisé mais il devint suspect à partir de 1770 au moment où la tension s'accentua entre la Grande-Bretagne et ses colonies nord américaines.
Deux îles concentraient le commerce interlope dans la zone, Saint-Eustache (Statius) île néerlandaise située au centre des Petites Antilles et plus tardivement, Saint-Barthélemy devenue suédoise, pour les Petites Antilles et Saint-Thomas et Sainte-Croix, îles danoises dans les îles Vierges, proche des Grandes Antilles.
Malgré les oppositions des métropoles, notamment la Grande-Bretagne et la France, le commerce avec l'Amérique du Nord se développa clandestinement en utilisant toutes les ressources de l'interlope et les autorités locales mirent beaucoup de mauvaise volonté à exercer la répression préconisée par les métropoles.
Après la Guerre de Sept Ans et l’occupation des territoires français par les Anglais, puis surtout après la Guerre d’Amérique et la naissance des Etats-Unis d’Amérique, alliés de la France, la situation changea et le commerce put se développer sans entraves avec les Nord-américains par les ports d’entrepôts mais aussi grâce à des pratiques clandestines favorisées par les règlements.
La Révolution stoppa cette coopération car l’Etat américain choisit le camp Anglais sous la pression de l’administration britannique à l’inverse des habitants des ports qui adhérèrent aux idées de la Révolution et qui restaient fidèles à leurs anciennes amitiés.
Après 1794, avec la politique agressive de Victor Hugues, les alliances se renversèrent et les Américains devinrent, provisoirement, les ennemis à combattre mais le commerce avec l’Amérique du nord reprit de plus belle au XIXe siècle.
Care ethics in hospitalized child: a perspective for nursing
Authors: Rêgo Deusdará Rodrigues Benedita Maria , Pacheco Sandra Teixeira de Araújo , Ciuffo Lia Leão , Gomes Ana Paula Rocha 
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: Apreender quais são os aspectos éticos que norteiam o cuidado prestado pelo enfermeiro à criança hospitalizada. Método: Estudo qualitativo com enfoque na fenomenologia sociológica de Alfred Schutz. Foram entrevistados 10 enfermeiros lotados nas unidades de internação de um hospital municipal, localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, em 2011. A entrevista fenomenológica pautou-se na questão: Quais os aspectos éticos que norteiam o seu cuidado a criança hospitalizada? Resultados: A análise das falas possibilitou a apreensão de duas categorias discutidas à luz da fenomenologia sociológica que são: Respeito à privacidade da criança e Respeito à família da criança hospitalizada. Conclusões: O estudo permitiu o entendimento de que as ações do enfermeiro no que diz respeito à ética no cuidado à criança hospitalizada perpassam pelo reconhecimento da família como elemento indispensável na assistência de enfermagem. Aponta a necessidade de repensar sobre as práticas em saúde, como um modo ético de cuidar. Descritores: Ética, Saúde da criança, Cuidados de enfermagem.
The use of pulse oximeter in hemodynamic assessment
Authors: Pereira Luciana Mendonça , Max Priscilla , Da Silva Renata Flávia Abreu 
Published: November 2014

Objetivos: Identificar e Analisar a produção científica sobre o oximetro de pulso com pletismografo para avaliação hemodinâmica da perfusão. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura desenvolvida entre os períodos de janeiro a fevereiro de 2012 nos sites da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde. foram estipulados os artigos dos últimos 11 anos (2000-2011). RESULTADOS: Após leitura de seus títulos, foram selecionados 24 artigos para leitura dos resumos. Sendo excluídos 17 artigos por não abordarem a temática, restando 7 artigos na seleção final. CONCLUSÃO: Os cuidados de enfermagem e de toda equipe multprofissional ao paciente em uso do oximetro de pulso com pletismógrafo poderá associar parâmetros não invasivos na avaliação hemodinâmica da perfusão, utilizando tecnologia existente no oximetro de pulso já utilizado na prática clínica.
Density, temperature, and composition of the North American lithosphere—New insights from a joint analysis of seismic, gravity, and mineral physics data: 1. Density structure of the crust and upper mantle
Authors: Kaban Mikhail K. , Tesauro Magdala , Mooney Walter D. , Cloetingh Sierd A. P. L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe introduce a new method to construct integrated 3‐D models of density, temperature, and compositional variations of the crust and upper mantle based on a combined analysis of gravity, seismic, and tomography data with mineral physics constraints. The new technique is applied to North America. In the first stage, we remove the effect of the crust from the observed gravity field and topography, using a new crustal model (NACr2014). In the second step, the residual mantle gravity field and residual topography are inverted to obtain a 3‐D density model of the upper mantle. The inversion technique accounts for the notion that these fields are controlled by the same factors but in a different way, e.g., depending on depth and horizontal dimension. This enables us to locate the position of principal density anomalies in the upper mantle. Afterward, we estimate the thermal contribution to the density structure by inverting two tomography models for temperature (NA07 and SL2013sv), assuming a laterally and vertically uniform “fertile” mantle composition. Both models show the cold internal part and the hot western margin of the continent, while in some Proterozoic regions (e.g., Grenville province) NA07 at a depth of 100 km is >200°C colder than SL2013sv. After removing this effect from the total mantle anomalies, the residual “compositional” fields are obtained. Some features of the composition density distribution, which are invisible in the seismic tomography data, are detected for the first time in the upper mantle. These results serve as a basis for the second part of the study, in which we improve the thermal and compositional models by applying an iterative approach to account for the effect of composition on the thermal model.
Towards a Science of Interrogation
Authors: Brandon Susan E. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryA 2006 report sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense claimed there had been almost no behavioral science research on interrogation since the 1950s. As demonstrated in this Special Edition, we have made considerable progress towards developing science‐based, ethical interrogation methods. Challenges for the future include assessing these methods in the field. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collaboration Between Practice and Science Will Enhance Interrogations
Authors: Fallon Mark 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe lack of evidence‐based research on interrogations has contributed to a murky climate, with proponents of torture cherry‐picking information to support their dubious claims, and it was within that void of knowledge that the United States engaged in conduct that President Obama recently admitted was torture. The research discussed in this issue helps fill the information void and will allow for informed decision making in the interest of the public safety. It will have a direct impact on how interrogators operate and could lead to a cadre of more capable interrogation professionals who are able to artfully apply the science. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors Associated With Hallux Valgus in a Community‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study of Adults With and Without Osteoarthritis
Authors: Golightly Yvonne M. , Hannan Marian T. , Dufour Alyssa B. , Renner Jordan B. , Jordan Joanne M. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo determine whether hallux valgus (HV) was associated with potential risk factors, including foot pain in a large, biracial cohort of older men and women.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of cohort members of the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project, of whom 1,502 had complete clinical and demographic data available (mean age 68 years, mean body mass index [BMI] 31.3 kg/m2, 68% women, and 30% African American). The presence of HV was assessed visually using a validated examination. Multivariate logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations for the total sample and for each sex and race subgroup were used to examine the effect of age, BMI, foot pain, pes planus, and knee or hip radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) on HV.ResultsHV was present in 64% of the total sample (69% for African American men, 70% for African American women, 54% for white men, and 65% for white women). The association between HV and foot pain was elevated but not statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval 0.99–1.47). Women, African Americans, older individuals, and those with pes planus or knee/hip OA had significantly higher odds of HV (aOR 1.17–1.48). Participants with higher BMI had lower odds of HV compared to those with normal BMI (aOR 0.54–0.72). Overall, patterns of associations were similar across subgroups.ConclusionHV was associated with female sex, African American race, older age, pes planus, and knee/hip OA, and inversely associated with higher BMI. Early prevention and intervention approaches may be needed in high‐risk groups; longitudinal studies would inform these approaches.
Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Coronary Artery Calcification in Adults With Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: A Danish Multicenter Study
Authors: Diederichsen Louise P. , Diederichsen Axel C. P. , Simonsen Jane A. , Junker Peter , Søndergaard Klaus , Lundberg Ingrid E. , Tvede Niels , Gerke Oke , Christensen Anne F. , Dreyer Lene , Petersen Henrik , Ejstrup Leif , Kay Susan D. , Jacobsen Søren 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the occurrence of traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in adults with polymyositis (PM) or dermatomyositis (DM) compared to healthy controls and to assess the association between CV risk factors, PM/DM, and CAC score.MethodsTraditional CV risk factors were assessed in a cross‐sectional, observational study of 76 patients with PM/DM and in 48 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls. CAC was quantified by means of cardiac computed tomography scan and expressed in Agatston units. The associations between CV risk factors, PM/DM, and CAC were studied by multivariate analyses.ResultsThirty‐three percent of the patients were obese compared to 11% of the controls (P = 0.005). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were more frequent in patients (71% versus 42%; P = 0.002, and 13% versus 0%; P = 0.007), and patients had higher levels of triglycerides (P = 0.0009). High CAC score occurred more frequently in patients (20% versus 4%; P = 0.04). In multivariate analysis of patient factors associated with CAC were age (P = 0.02) and smoking (P = 0.02).ConclusionIn this study, traditional CV risk factors and severe CAC were commonly found in patients with PM/DM. However, severe CAC was not associated with PM/DM per se, but rather with age and smoking in these patients.
Revisiting Cytochrome P450‐Mediated Oxyfunctionalization of Linear and Cyclic Alkanes
Authors: Pennec Alizé , Jacobs Cheri L. , Opperman Diederik J. , Smit Martha S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) of the CYP153 family catalyse terminal hydroxylation of n‐alkanes. Alkane hydroxylating mutants of self‐sufficient CYP102A1 have also been described. We evaluated two CYP153s (a three‐component system and a fused self‐sufficient CYP), wild‐type CYP102A1 and nine CYP102A1 mutants, for the conversion of three cycloalkanes (C6, C7 and C8) and three n‐alkanes (C6, C8 and C10) using whole cells (WCs) and crude cell‐free extracts (CFEs). The aim was to identify substrate–enzyme combinations that give high product titres and space‐time yields (STYs). Comparisons were made using total turnover numbers (TTNs) and turnover frequencies (TOFs) to normalize for CYP expression. Reactions were carried out using high enzyme and substrate concentrations compatible with high STYs. Under these conditions CYP102A1 and the double R47L,Y51F mutant, although not regioselective, performed better on all substrates in terms of product titres over 8 h, and thus STYs and TTNs, than heavily mutated variants that have been reported to give very high TOFs. CYP153A6, with its ferredoxin (Fdx) and ferredoxin reductase (FdR), emerged as the superior catalyst for conversion of n‐alkanes. In addition to its excellent regioselectivity it also gave the highest final product titres and STYs in WC conversions of hexane and octane. Interaction with FdR and Fdx initially limited performance in CFEs, but with additional FdR and Fdx gave 1‐octanol titres of 50 mmol⋅LBRM−1 and TTNs exceeding 12,000 over 18 h, rivalling results reported with self‐sufficient CYPs. Selecting biocatalysts for application requires caution, since experimental conditions such as amount of substrate added and solubility as well as cofactor dependence and regeneration can have a profound effect on catalyst performance, while stability and efficiency with regard to cofactor usage (coupling efficiency) are at least as important as TOFs when high product titres and STYs are the target.magnified image
Profiling of Ribose Methylations in RNA by High‐Throughput Sequencing
Authors: Birkedal Ulf , Christensen‐Dalsgaard Mikkel , Krogh Nicolai , Sabarinathan Radhakrishnan , Gorodkin Jan , Nielsen Henrik 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRibose methylations are the most abundant chemical modifications of ribosomal RNA and are critical for ribosome assembly and fidelity of translation. Many aspects of ribose methylations have been difficult to study due to lack of efficient mapping methods. Here, we present a sequencing‐based method (RiboMeth‐seq) and its application to yeast ribosomes, presently the best‐studied eukaryotic model system. We demonstrate detection of the known as well as new modifications, reveal partial modifications and unexpected communication between modification events, and determine the order of modification at several sites during ribosome biogenesis. Surprisingly, the method also provides information on a subset of other modifications. Hence, RiboMeth‐seq enables a detailed evaluation of the importance of RNA modifications in the cells most sophisticated molecular machine. RiboMeth‐seq can be adapted to other RNA classes, for example, mRNA, to reveal new biology involving RNA modifications.
Endohedral and Exohedral Metalloborospherenes: M@B40 (M=Ca, Sr) and M&B40 (M=Be, Mg)
Authors: Bai Hui , Chen Qiang , Zhai Hua‐Jin , Li Si‐Dian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe recent discovery of the all‐boron fullerenes or borospherenes, D2d B40−/0, paves the way for borospherene chemistry. Here we report a density functional theory study on the viability of metalloborospherenes: endohedral M@B40 (M=Ca, Sr) and exohedral M&B40 (M=Be, Mg). Extensive global structural searches indicate that Ca@B40 (1, C2v, 1A1) and Sr@B40 (3, D2d, 1A1) possess almost perfect endohedral borospherene structures with a metal atom at the center, while Be&B40 (5, Cs, 1A′) and Mg&B40 (7, Cs, 1A′) favor exohedral borospherene geometries with a η7‐M atom face‐capping a heptagon on the waist. Metalloborospherenes provide indirect evidence for the robustness of the borospherene structural motif. The metalloborospherenes are characterized as charge‐transfer complexes (M2+B402−), where an alkaline earth metal atom donates two electrons to the B40 cage. The high stability of endohedral Ca@B40 (1) and Sr@B40 (3) is due to the match in size between the host cage and the dopant. Bonding analyses indicate that all 122 valence electrons in the systems are delocalized as σ or π bonds, being distributed evenly on the cage surface, akin to the D2d B40 borospherene.
Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Solutions Using Cu2O Coated with Earth‐Abundant Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts
Authors: Morales‐Guio Carlos G. , Liardet Laurent , Mayer Matthew T. , Tilley S. David , Grätzel Michael , Hu Xile 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen molecules using sunlight is an attractive method for solar energy storage. Until now, photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution is mostly studied in acidic solutions, in which the hydrogen evolution is more facile than in alkaline solutions. Herein, we report photoelectrochemical hydrogen production in alkaline solutions, which are more favorable than acidic solutions for the complementary oxygen evolution half‐reaction. We show for the first time that amorphous molybdenum sulfide is a highly active hydrogen evolution catalyst in basic medium. The amorphous molybdenum sulfide catalyst and a Ni–Mo catalyst are then deposited on surface‐protected cuprous oxide photocathodes to catalyze sunlight‐driven hydrogen production in 1 M KOH. The photocathodes give photocurrents of −6.3 mA cm−2 at the reversible hydrogen evolution potential, the highest yet reported for a metal oxide photocathode using an earth‐abundant hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst.
Structure and Dynamics of Oligonucleotides in the Gas Phase
Authors: Arcella Annalisa , Dreyer Jens , Ippoliti Emiliano , Ivani Ivan , Portella Guillem , Gabelica Valérie , Carloni Paolo , Orozco Modesto 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBy combining ion‐mobility mass spectrometry experiments with sub‐millisecond classical and ab initio molecular dynamics we fully characterized, for the first time, the dynamic ensemble of a model nucleic acid in the gas phase under electrospray ionization conditions. The studied oligonucleotide unfolds upon vaporization, loses memory of the solution structure, and explores true gas‐phase conformational space. Contrary to our original expectations, the oligonucleotide shows very rich dynamics in three different timescales (multi‐picosecond, nanosecond, and sub‐millisecond). The shorter timescale dynamics has a quantum mechanical nature and leads to changes in the covalent structure, whereas the other two are of classical origin. Overall, this study suggests that a re‐evaluation on our view of the physics of nucleic acids upon vaporization is needed.
Photomagnetic Response in Highly Conductive Iron(II) Spin‐Crossover Complexes with TCNQ Radicals
Authors: Phan Hoa , Benjamin Shermane M. , Steven Eden , Brooks James S. , Shatruk Michael 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCo‐crystallization of a cationic FeII complex with a partially charged TCNQ.δ− (7,7′,8,8′‐tetracyanoquinodimethane) radical anion has afforded molecular materials that behave as narrow band‐gap semiconductors, [Fe(tpma)(xbim)](X)(TCNQ)1.5⋅DMF (X=ClO4− or BF4−; tpma=tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine, xbim=1,1′‐(α,α′‐o‐xylyl)‐2,2′‐bisimidazole). Remarkably, these complexes also exhibit temperature‐and light‐driven spin crossover at the FeII center, and are thus the first structurally defined magnetically bistable semiconductors assembled with the TCNQ.δ− radical anion. Transport measurements reveal the conductivity of 0.2 S cm−1 at 300 K, with the low activation energy of 0.11 eV.