bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wallacellus is Euwallacea: molecular phylogenetics settles generic relationships (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini)
Authors: STORER CAROLINE G. , BREINHOLT JESSE W. , HULCR JIRI 
Published: June 2015

Euwallacea Hopkins and Wallacellus Hulcr & Cognato are ambrosia beetle genera within the tribe Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Several species have recently received attention due to their establishment in non-native regions with serious ecological and economic consequences. To clarify generic placement of these species, we tested reciprocal monophyly of the two genera and the placement of several species using molecular phylogenetics. We sequenced, or re-used published sequences of, three markers (COI mtDNA, 28S nuclear rDNA and ArgK single-copy nuclear) from representatives of Euwallacea, Wallacellus, the Ambrosiodmus clade, and the clade containing Xyleborus s. str., and inferred their relationships with a Bayesian approach. We also tested explicit alternative topologies, and examined taxonomic utility of characters used for the delimitation of the genera. All species of Euwallacea, Wallacellus, and two species of Xyleborus were monophyletic with high phylogenetic support. Based on the analysis and shared morphological characters, we transferred the following species to Euwallacea: Xyleborus declivispinatus (Schedl), Wallacellus piceus (Motschulsky), Xyleborus posticus (Eichhoff), Wallacellus similis (Ferrari), and Wallacellus striatulus (Browne). The genus Wallacellus was made a junior synonym of Euwallacea and morphological diagnosis of Euwallacea was updated. The results demonstrated that Euwallacea has a pantropical distribution.
Erratum
Authors: Barron John M. , Gilley Otis W. 
Published: June 2015

The Impact of Unemployment Insurance on the Search Process A SERIOUS coding error in the data used in our recent article published in the April 1979 Review has been pointed out by Joe Stone of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Our paper proposed a test of Mortensen's hy-pothesis that both future expected unem- ployment insurance benefits and benefits re-ceived during a current unemployment spell affect an individual's search intensity. Regression 1, which remains unchanged, still provides no support for Mortensen's proposed effect of unemployment insurance benefits to be received during the subse- quent unemployment spell on the current job-search intensity of the unemployed. Regression 3, which remains unchanged, still indicates a distortion in the search process-in particular in the methods of search chosen-for current recipients of unem- ployment insurance benefits and the un- employed who are eligible and have applied for these benefits. The error affects the results of the estimnation of Equation 2. It occurred because unemployed individuals who were eligible and had applied for benefits were assigned zero weeks left to receive these benefits rather than the maximum allowable duration of benefits according to the individual's state of residence. As a result, the value of unem- ployment insurance benefits for these individuals was inadvertently set equal to zero. Yet these individuals, other things equal, were shown in our original study to have a measured job-search intensity 74 percent higher than individuals currently receiving unemployment insurance, a difference related to the time involved in the ap- plication process rather than to actual job- search efforts. Reestimation of Equation 2 controlling for this effect and correcting for the measure- ment error in the value of unemployment benefits results in one important change. The coefficient on the value of unemployment insurance benefits, though still negative, is riot different from zero for standard significance levels. A serious consequence is that the traditional disincentive effect of unemployment insurance on search in- tensity is not supported by our test. One explanation for this finding may be that individuals with larger values of unemployment benefits have a greater incentive to overstate search intensity since such benefits are dependent on search activity.
“Who Gets What” from Minimum Wage Hikes: A Re-Estimation of Card and Krueger's Distributional Analysis in Myth and Measurement: The New Economics of the Minimum Wage
Authors: Burkhauser Richard V. , Couch Kenneth A. , Wittenburg David C. 
Published: June 2015

I've studied the arguments and the evidence for and against a minimum wage increase. I believe that the weight of the evidence is that a modest increase does not cost jobs, and may even lure people into the job market. But the most important thing is, you can't make a living on $4.25 an hour. President Clinton, State of the Union Address, 1995
Serum and urinary cystatin C in cats with feline immunodeficiency virus infection and cats with hyperthyroidism
Authors: Ghys Liesbeth FE , Paepe Dominique , Taffin Elien RL , Vandermeulen Eva , Duchateau Luc , Smets Pascale MY , Delanghe Joris , Daminet Sylvie 
Published: June 2015

Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate serum cystatin C (sCysC) and urinary cystatin C (uCysC) in cats with hyperthyroidism and cats with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Methods Thirty cats with FIV, 26 hyperthyroid cats and 28 healthy cats were included. sCysC and uCysC:creatinine (uCysC/uCr) ratio were measured with a human particle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay, previously validated for feline CysC measurement. Routine renal variables (serum creatinine [sCr], urine specific gravity, urinary protein:creatinine ratio [UPC]) were also measured in the three groups. Results Cats with hyperthyroidism had significantly higher sCysC and higher uCysC/uCr ratio, lower sCr and a higher UPC than healthy cats. Cats with FIV infection did not show a significantly higher sCysC concentration but had a significantly higher sCr and UPC than healthy cats. uCysC could be detected in only four of them. Conclusions and relevance This study demonstrated that sCysC is increased in cats with hyperthyroidism, in contrast with sCr, but not in cats with FIV. Many hyperthyroid cats, but only four cats with FIV, had an elevated uCysC/uCr ratio. Further studies may reveal if uCysC might be a valuable marker for tubular dysfunction in cats.
Two TRPV1 receptor antagonists are effective in two different experimental models of migraine
Authors: Meents Jannis E , Hoffmann Jan , Chaplan Sandra R , Neeb Lars , Schuh-Hofer Sigrid , Wickenden Alan , Reuter Uwe 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
The capsaicin and heat responsive ion channel TRPV1 is expressed on trigeminal nociceptive neurons and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine attacks. Here we investigate the efficacy of two TRPV1 channel antagonists in blocking trigeminal activation using two in vivo models of migraine.

Methods
Male Sprague–Dawley rats were used to study the effects of the TRPV1 antagonists JNJ-38893777 and JNJ-17203212 on trigeminal activation. Expression of the immediate early gene c-fos was measured following intracisternal application of inflammatory soup. In a second model, CGRP release into the external jugular vein was determined following injection of capsaicin into the carotid artery.

Results
Inflammatory up-regulation of c-fos in the trigeminal brain stem complex was dose-dependently and significantly reduced by both TRPV1 antagonists. Capsaicin-induced CGRP release was attenuated by JNJ-38893777 only in higher dosage. JNJ-17203212 was effective in all doses and fully abolished CGRP release in a time and dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion
Our results describe two TRPV1 antagonists that are effective in two in vivo models of migraine. These results suggest that TRPV1 may play a role in the pathophysiological mechanisms, which are relevant to migraine.
Designing challenge questions for location‐based authentication systems: a real‐life study
Authors: Albayram Yusuf , Hasan Khan Mohammad Maifi , Bamis Athanasios , Kentros Sotirios , Nguyen Nhan , Jiang Ruhua 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOnline service providers often use challenge questions (a.k.a. knowledge‐based authentication) to facilitate resetting of passwords or to provide an extra layer of security for authentication. While prior schemes explored both static and dynamic challenge questions to improve security, they do not systematically investigate the problem of designing challenge questions and its effect on user recall performance. Interestingly, as answering different styles of questions may require different amount of cognitive effort and evoke different reactions among users, we argue that the style of challenge questions itself can have a significant effect on user recall performance and usability of such systems. To address this void and investigate the effect of question types on user performance, this paper explores location‐based challenge question generation schemes where different types of questions are generated based on users’ locations tracked by smartphones and presented to users. For evaluation, we deployed our location tracking application on users’ smartphones and conducted two real‐life studies using four different kinds of challenge questions. Each study was approximately 30 days long and had 14 and 15 users respectively. Our findings suggest that the question type can have a significant effect on user performance. Finally, as individual users may vary in terms of performance and recall rate, we investigate and present a Bayesian classifier based authentication algorithm that can authenticate legitimate users with high accuracy by leveraging individual response patterns while reducing the success rate of adversaries.
Combined association of physical activity and diet with C-reactive protein among smokers
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Walker Jerome F. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Background
In the general population, both physical activity and dietary behavior are independently associated with less systemic inflammation, with this relationship less examined among smokers. To our knowledge, no study has examined the combined association of both physical activity and dietary behavior on systemic inflammation among daily smokers, which was the purpose of this study.

Methods
Data from the 2003–2006 NHANES were employed. 810 adult smokers provided C-reactive protein data (CRP; a marker of inflammation), and sufficient physical activity (accelerometry) and dietary data (healthy eating index).

Results
The fully adjusted model showed that participants meeting physical activity guidelines and eating a healthy diet (β = −0.34, p = 0.03) had lower CRP levels when compared to those not engaging in these health behaviors, but only having one health behavior was not a significant predictor of CRP (β = −0.19, p = 0.14).

Conclusions
Smokers engaging in regular physical activity while consuming a healthy diet demonstrate lower CRP levels than their counterparts. When taken together, these behaviors may mitigate inflammation associated with various chronic diseases, which is of particular importance as very few smokers successfully quit smoking.
Methods considerations for nystagmography
Authors: Blakley Brian W. , Chan Laura 
Published: June 2015

Objectives 1. To assess the reproducibility of eye movement velocity measurement using two methods: traditional electro-oculography (EOG) and infrared video-oculography (VOG) and, 2. Determine whether the normal values for unilateral weakness and bilateral reduction of caloric responses vary according to method employed. Background Vestibular testing frequently involves measurement of eye movements. EOG has been the standard method for decades, but VOG and other methods have recently become popular. The assumption has been that all methods measure eye movements equally and accurately but this assumption has not been validated. In this paper we examine this assumption. Methods Eye movements were recorded simultaneously with commercially available EOG and VOG methods to evaluate differences in results for nineteen normal subjects undergoing caloric tests with warm and cold water. Examination of the records permitted identification and simultaneous measurement of 840 nystagmus beats. Results EOG and VOG measurements were correlated but the correlation was not strong (Spearman rho = 0.529, p < 0.01). Eye velocities recorded by the VOG system were greater than that for the EOG system. The mean VOG/EOG ratio was 1.71. Normal values used at our centre were adjusted to accommodate the use of video technology to account for the differences in sensitivity between EOG and VOG methods. Conclusion The traditional EOG-based normal value for bilateral reduction of caloric response, 30 degree per second (d/s) based on traditional EOG measurements should be revised to 50 d/s for modern VOG testing in our lab. Normal values for vestibular testing may need to be re-evaluated when new technology is introduced. Each lab should verify normal values for their own methods and equipment.
Effects of reductive stripping of reactive dyes on the quality of cotton fabric
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Gias , Islam Md. Mazedul , Islam Md. Rashedul 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSome common problems of textile dyeing industries include uneven or faulty dyeing and formation of color patches on the fabric surface during dyeing and downstream processing of textiles materials. Such problems in the finished quality of fabric are generally tackled through a chemical stripping process which is a common practice in dyeing industries for the deep shade batches. However, reactive dyes cannot be stripped satisfactorily from cellulosic materials due to the formation of co-valent bonds between dye and fiber. This research was undertaken using 2.5% and 5% bi-hetero reactive dyes on pretreated cotton fabric and dye stripping was carried out in alkali reductive stripping process. The aim of the work was to investigate the effects of dye stripping on the quality of cotton fabric. Strength loss, weight loss, pilling resistance and absorbency of stripped fabric were calculated. Though with the increase of concentration of stripping chemicals and temperature, stripping percentages were improved; processing damage to the fabric such as losses in strength, weight and pilling resistance ratings was found. In contrast, increased fabric absorbency was found due to stripping. This is explained that during stripping, alkaline solution as an intracrystalline swelling agent is effective in loosening the crystalline region of cotton in addition to the amorphous region. Stripping agent can also attack such crystalline region. As a result, cotton fiber can release maximum number of hydroxyl groups which previously formed covalent bonds. This is the reason behind the stripped fabric having more water absorbency.
Wertschöpfungspartnerschaften in der Immobilienprojektentwicklung
Authors: Meyer Kevin , Pfnür Andreas 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag untersucht, inwieweit partnerschaftliche Organisationsmodelle bei der Projektentwickung, wie sie in grundsätzlich ähnlicher Form bei ÖPPs allerdings in einem anderen Handlungsrahmen schon seit über einem Jahrzehnt zur Anwendung kommen, zur Reduzierung von Ineffizienzen bei der Immobilienbeschaffung privatwirtschaftlicher Unternehmen beitragen kann und was die Erfolgsdeterminanten dieser alternativen Beschaffungsvariante sind. Hierzu wurden zwei Pilotprojekte, wissenschaftlich begleitet und mit einem Mix aus qualitativen und quantitativen Methoden wirkungsanalytisch untersucht. Aus der empirischen Analyse geht hervor, dass in beiden Pilotprojekten durch die Wertschöpfungspartnerschaften die Effizienz der Projektentwicklung erheblich erhöht werden konnte. Höheres Vertrauen und größere Motivation der Projektbeteiligten haben positive Einflüsse auf die Bereitschaft, Informationen und Wissen zur Optimierung des Projekterfolges auszutauschen. Auffallend sind allerdings die unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen dieser Einflussfaktoren in beiden Pilotprojekten. Die Ursache für die unterschiedlichen Vertrauensverhältnisse und den entsprechend ungleichverteilten Effekte liegt vor allem in den abweichenden vertraglichen Strukturen innerhalb der Projekte. Der Beitrag zeigt theoretisch konzeptionelle sowie anhand der Fallstudien, wie sich unterschiedliche Projektstrukturen auf die Zusammenarbeit auswirken. Da es sich im empirischen Teil vom Forschungsansatz her um Fallstudien handelt, ist die Allgemeingültigkeit der Ergebnisse naturgemäß limitiert.
Reviews
Authors: Buck Christopher , Ioannesyan I. A. , Bramson Loni , Buck Christopher , Covey Linda 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Gnostic Apocalypse and Islam: Qur’an, Exegesis, Messianism, and the Literary Origins of the Babi Religion. Todd Lawson.1 (2011) London and New York: Routledge. 230 pp. ISBN 978-0-415-49539-4 (hbk), £85.00
The Baha’is of Iran, Transcaspia and the Caucasus. Soli Shahvar, Gad Gilbar and Boris Morozov (eds.) New York: I.B. Taurus & Co Ltd.
Volume 1: Letters of Russian Officers and Officials. International Library of Iranian Studies Volume 26. 2011 ISBN-13 978-1-84885-391-1, ISBN-10 1-84885-391-2 (hbk), $105.00
Volume 2: Reports and Correspondence of Russian Officers and Officials. International Library of Iranian Studies Volume 27. 2012 ISBN-13 978-1-84885-392-8, ISBN-10 1-84885-392-0 (hbk), $105.00
The Bahá’í Faith in Africa: Establishing a New Religious Movement, 1952–1962. Anthony A. Lee. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2011 xii, 280 pp. Studies of Religion in Africa, vol. 39. ISBN-13: 9789004206847 (hbk), €105,00, $144.00
Philosophic Values and World Citizenship: Locke to Obama and Beyond. Jacoby Adeshai Carter and Leonard Harris (eds.). Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2010. 247 pp. ISBN 978-0-7391-4803-7 (hbk), $90.00 (£57.95) ISBN 978-1-4616-3403-4 (eBook), $89.99 (£57.95)
Compassionate Woman: The Life and Legacy of Patricia Locke. John Kolstoe. Wilmette, IL: Bahá’í Publishing Trust, 2011. 226 pp. ISBN 978-1-931847-85-8 (pbk), $21.00. Also available as eBook.
Persecution and Development: The History of the Baha’i Community of Māhfurūzak in Mazandaran, Iran
Authors: Momen Moojan 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The Baha’i Faith was introduced to the village of Mahfuruzak (near Sari in Mazandaran, Iran) when the village chief invited his nephew Mulla `Ali Jan to come to be the religious leader of the village in about 1871. Mulla `Ali Jan had already become a Baha’i while studying and now gradually started to spread the new religion among the people of the village. Eventually the whole village became Baha’is as did many from surrounding villages. Mulla `Ali and his wife `Alaviyyih Khanum also began the social and economic development of the village. The progress made attracted the enmity of the Muslim clerics of the area who sent false reports to the government, resulting in an attack on the village and the arrest and execution of Mulla `Ali Jan. Despite this, `Alaviyyih Khanum continued the development of the village as well as travelling to spread the Baha’i Faith. The traditional school that had been set up in the village was transformed into a modern school. Persecution of the Baha’i community resumed during and after the Iranian Revolution of 1979.
Baha’i Mage: The Extraordinary Life and Work of Robert Felkin
Authors: Osborn Lil 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In investigating the relationship between the Baha’is and the Western Esoteric Tradition several individuals emerge as important in both circles; however, none are as prominent in as many fields as Robert Felkin. Felkin was notable as a physician, a missionary, an Anglican, a magician and a Baha’i. The purpose of this paper is to examine his life and work in the context of his search for Ascended Masters and the multiplicity of identities and roles he assumed.
Paleoethnobotany and Ancient Alcohol Production: A Mini-Review
Authors: Biwer Matthew E , VanDerwarker Amber M 
Published: June 2015

The production and consumption of alcoholic beverages in the past is an important consideration when addressing issues involving ancient food. However, successfully demonstrating that alcoholic beverages were produced in prehistoric contexts is problematic. As a result, archaeobotanists have developed a multi-scalar approach, incorporating multiple lines of evidence, to argue for the production of fermented beverages in the past.
Involvement of epigenetic modifiers in the pathogenesis of testicular dysgenesis and germ cell cancer
Authors: Lawaetz Andreas C. , Almstrup Kristian 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Testicular germ cell cancer manifests mainly in young adults as a seminoma or non-seminoma. The solid tumors are preceded by the presence of a non-invasive precursor cell, the carcinoma in situ cell (CIS), which shows great similarity to fetal germ cells. It is therefore hypothesized that the CIS cell is a fetal germ cell that has been arrested during development due to testicular dysgenesis. CIS cells retain a fetal and open chromatin structure, and recently several epigenetic modifiers have been suggested to be involved in testicular dysgenesis in mice. We here review the possible involvement of epigenetic modifiers with a focus on jumonji C enzymes in the development of testicular dysgenesis and germ cell cancer in men.
Immunomodulatory activity of methanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera in Wistar albino rats
Authors: Nfambi Joshua , Bbosa Godfrey S. , Sembajwe Lawrence Fred , Gakunga James , Kasolo Josephine N. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background: Globally, Moringa oleifera is used by different communities to treat various ailments including modulation of the immune system though with limited scientific evidence. The aim was to study the immunomodulatory activity of M. oleifera methanolic leaf extract in Wistar albino rats.

Methods: An experimental laboratory-based study was done following standard methods and procedures. Nine experimental groups (I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX) each comprising of six animals were used. Group I received normal saline. Groups II to IX received 200 mg/kg bwt cyclophosphamide at the beginning of the study. Group III received 50 mg/kg bwt of an immunostimulatory drug levamisole. Groups IV to IX were dosed daily for 14 days with extract at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg bwt, respectively, using an intragastric tube. Complete blood count (CBC), delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH), neutrophil adhesion test, and hemagglutination antibody titer were determined using standard methods and procedures. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad prism 5.0a Software.

Results: There was an increment in WBC, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts at a dose of 1000 mg/kg bwt similar to the levamisole-positive control group. The neutrophil adhesion was statistically significant (p≤0.05) for treatment groups that received 1000 mg/kg bwt (29.94%) and 500 mg/kg bwt at 17.28%. The mean percentage increment in footpad thickness was highest (26.9%) after 8 h of injection of antigen in the footpad of rats dosed 500 mg/kg bwt and this later reduced to 25.6% after 24 h. There was a dose-dependent increment in the mean hemagglutination antibody titer to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) from 10.73±0.57 HA units/μL for the 250 mg/kg bwt to 26.22±1.70 HA units/μL for the 1000 mg/kg bwt.

Conclusions: Methanolic leaf extract of M. oleifera caused a significant immunostimulatory effect on both the cell-mediated and humoral immune systems in the Wistar albino rats.