bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of peri‐implant inflammatory disease in patients with a history of periodontal disease who receive supportive periodontal therapy
Authors: Aguirre‐Zorzano Luis Antonio , Estefanía‐Fresco Ruth , Telletxea Olatz , Bravo Manuel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the status of implants in periodontally compromised patients who regularly receive supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) and to determine the factors associated to peri‐implant inflammatory disease in those patients.Material and methodsClinical and radiographic data of implants in periodontal patients who, after being treated and included in a SPT programme, wore implant prostheses for at least 6 months were recorded. The implants were classified according to the criteria of the 6th European Workshop on Periodontology in health, mucositis and peri‐implantitis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyse the individual and adjusted effects of each study variable on mucositis or peri‐implantitis, using SUDAAN to account for clustering (multiple implants within the patient).ResultsA total of 786 implants were placed in 239 patients. At patient level, 60.3%, 24.7% and 15.1% were classified as healthy, mucositis and peri‐implantitis patients, respectively. At implant level, the respective percentages were 77.4%, 12.8% and 9.8%. For mucositis, at implant level, the adjusted ORs indicate a significant association with plaque index (P = 0.050), type of periodontitis (P = 0.030) and location (P = 0.045). For peri‐implantitis, the adjusted ORs indicate a significant association with plaque index (P < 0.001) and location (P = 0.002).ConclusionsThe prevalence of peri‐implant inflammatory disease in periodontal patients who regularly undergo SPT is clinically significant. The factors associated with peri‐implant inflammatory disease were plaque index and implant location, and mucositis was also affected by the type of periodontitis the patient had.
Defining and Evaluating the Umbrella Species Concept for Conserving and Restoring Landscape Connectivity
Authors: BRECKHEIMER IAN , HADDAD NICK M. , MORRIS WILLIAM F. , TRAINOR ANNE M. , FIELDS WILLIAM R. , JOBE R. TODD , HUDGENS BRIAN R. , MOODY AARON , WALTERS JEFFREY R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractConserving or restoring landscape connectivity between patches of breeding habitat is a common strategy to protect threatened species from habitat fragmentation. By managing connectivity for some species, usually charismatic vertebrates, it is often assumed that these species will serve as conservation umbrellas for other species. We tested this assumption by developing a quantitative method to measure overlap in dispersal habitat of 3 threatened species—a bird (the umbrella), a butterfly, and a frog—inhabiting the same fragmented landscape. Dispersal habitat was determined with Circuitscape, which was parameterized with movement data collected for each species. Despite differences in natural history and breeding habitat, we found substantial overlap in the spatial distributions of areas important for dispersal of this suite of taxa. However, the intuitive umbrella species (the bird) did not have the highest overlap with other species in terms of the areas that supported connectivity. Nevertheless, we contend that when there are no irreconcilable differences between the dispersal habitats of species that cohabitate on the landscape, managing for umbrella species can help conserve or restore connectivity simultaneously for multiple threatened species with different habitat requirements.Definición y Evaluación del Concepto de Especie Paraguas para Conservar y Restaurar la Conectividad de Paisajes
Conservation Benefits of Marine Reserves are Undiminished Near Coastal Rivers and Cities
Authors: Huijbers Chantal M. , Connolly Rod M. , Pitt Kylie A. , Schoeman David S. , Schlacher Thomas A. , Burfeind Dana D. , Steele Chantel , Olds Andrew D. , Maxwell Paul S. , Babcock Russell C. , Rissik David 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRecent assessments of marine reserves have emphasized the importance of socio‐economic factors in reserve performance. Debates continue, however, about whether we should avoid or promote the placement of reserves near potentially detrimental forces, including coastal cities or rivers. We performed a global meta‐analysis to test whether proximity to major coastal influences affected the ability of marine reserves to enhance the abundance of organisms relative to surrounding areas. A strong effect of reserve performance was evident for a range of trophic groups. Positive effects of reserves were undiminished by proximity to coastal cities or river discharges for the majority of taxonomic groups under conservation. We conclude that reserves placed in coastal areas are likely to protect marine populations to a similar extent as reserves in remote or less‐developed locations. Marine reserves in coastal settings can be an important tool to protect species and ecosystems in places threatened by human activities.
Efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors as an add‐on to insulin treatment in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a review
Authors: Frandsen C. S. S. , Madsbad S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimTo review and discuss the results from the clinical controlled trials comparing a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor with placebo treatment as add‐on to insulin treatment with respect to changes in HbA1c, weight, fasting plasma glucose, risk of hypoglycaemia and safety in patients with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe searched the MEDLINE and PubMed databases to identify all randomized controlled clinical trials evaluating dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors as an add‐on to insulin in patients with Type 2 diabetes, which were selected for review. The abstracts and posters of the recent annual meetings of the American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes were hand searched, as were the reference lists of articles identified.ResultsAdding a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor to insulin treatment resulted in a glucose‐lowering effect of ~ 6.6–8.7 mmol/mol (0.60–0.80%) from a baseline HbA1c of 67–78 mmol/mol (8.3–9.3%), without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia. The dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor treatment had no effect on body weight or daily dose of insulin. The frequency and severity of adverse events did not differ between dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor and placebo treatment.ConclusionAdding a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor treatment to insulin has a moderate effect on HbA1c, a weight‐neutral effect and a good safety profile. The risk of hypoglycaemia is not increased despite a significant improvement in HbA1c.
Cause‐specific mortality by race in low‐income Black and White people with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Conway B. N. , May M. E. , Fischl A. , Frisbee J. , Han X. , Blot W. J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate, with extended follow‐up, cause‐specific mortality among low‐income Black and White Americans with Type 2 diabetes who have similar socio‐economic status.MethodsBlack and White Americans aged 40–79 years with Type 2 diabetes (n = 12 498) were recruited from community health centres as part of the Southern Community Cohort Study. Multivariable Cox analysis was used to estimate mortality hazard ratios and 95% CIs for subsequent cause‐specific mortality, based on both underlying and contributing causes of death.ResultsDuring the follow‐up (median 5.9 years), 13.3% of the study population died. The leading causes of death in each race were ischaemic heart disease, respiratory disorders, cancer, renal failure and heart failure; however, Blacks were at a lower risk of dying from ischaemic heart disease (hazard ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.54–0.91) or respiratory disorders (hazard ratio 0.70, 0.53–0.92) than Whites but had higher or similar mortality attributable to renal failure (hazard ratio 1.57, 95% CI 1.02–2.40), heart failure (hazard ratio 1.47, 95% CI 0.98–2.19) and cancer (hazard ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.62–1.22). Risk factors for each cause of death were generally similar in each race.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the leading causes of death and their risk factors are largely similar among Black and White Americans with diabetes. For the two leading causes of death in each race, however, ischaemic heart disease and respiratory disorders, the magnitude of risk is lower among Black Americans and contributes to their higher survival rates.
Wilate use in 47 children with von Willebrand disease: the North London paediatric haemophilia network experience
Authors: Khair K. , Batty P. , Riat R. , Bowles L. , Burgess C. , Chen Y. ‐H. , Hart D. , Platton S. , Pasi J. , Liesner R. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryChildren with von Willebrand disease (VWD) in whom DDAVP is ineffective or contraindicated require treatment with a coagulation factor concentrate containing von Willebrand factor (VWF) and factor VIII (FVIII). The aim of this study was to monitor the safety, efficacy and tolerability of Wilate® (a VWF:FVIII concentrate with a 1:1 ratio) used across the North London Paediatric Haemophilia Network since May 2010. In total, 47 children (aged 0.0–17.0 years) with type 1 (n = 28), type 2 (n = 7), type 3 (n = 10) and acquired VWS (n = 2) have been treated for bleeds, surgery and/or prophylaxis using 260 000 IU Wilate®. Analysis of dose and frequency of treatment show expected responses to treatment with mean doses of 55, 50 and 50 IU kg−1 for bleeds, surgery and prophylaxis respectively. Most bleeds responded to a single treatment. Surgical procedures were covered with clinician approved dosing schedules with 95% (39/41) reported as having excellent or good efficacy. There was no accumulation of FVIII or VWF and no thromboembolic events. This case series confirms the efficacy, safety and tolerability of Wilate® in neonates, children and adolescents when used on‐demand, prophylactically and in the surgical setting.
Basic fibroblastic growth factor affects the osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in a treatment‐dependent manner
Authors: Qian J. , Jiayuan W. , Wenkai J. , Peina W. , Ansheng Z. , Shukai S. , Shafei Z. , Jun L. , Longxing N. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimTo determine how basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) affected the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in vivo.MethodologyBasic fibroblastic growth factor stimulation of DPSCs was divided into a pre‐treatment period and an osteogenic differentiation period. Alizarin red quantification experiments and alkaline phosphatase activity quantification assay were performed to examine the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs after different bFGF stimulation. Quantification reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the osteogenic gene expression of DPSCs after different bFGF stimulation. In addition, DPSCs that received the 1 and 2 weeks bFGF pre‐treatments as in the in vitro experiments were mineralized for 1 week and seeded into hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) pills and subcutaneously transplanted into naked mice for 2 or 3 months. The transplants were removed, sliced and stained using Modified Ponceau Trichrome Stain to observe the formation of mineralized tissue.ResultsBasic fibroblastic growth factor stimulation in the osteogenic differentiation period decreased the in vitro osteogenic differentiation ability of DPSCs. One week pre‐treatment with bFGF increased the in vitro osteogenic differentiation ability of DPSCs, whereas 2 weeks pre‐treatment with bFGF decreased the in vitro osteogenic differentiation ability of DPSCs. The pre‐treatment period was vital for the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs in vitro. The in vivo results were similar to the in vitro results.ConclusionsBasic fibroblastic growth factor affected the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs in a treatment‐dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo.
Evaluation of apically extruded debris associated with several Ni–Ti systems
Authors: Üstün Y. , Çanakçi B. C. , Dinçer A. N. , Er O. , Düzgün S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate the apical extrusion of debris associated with several root canal preparation systems in vitro.MethodologyForty‐five extracted human mandibular premolars with single canals and similar lengths were used. The root canals were instrumented using ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), Twisted File (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA) or WaveOne (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Debris extruded apically during instrumentation was collected into pre‐weighed Eppendorf tubes. The Eppendorf tubes were then stored in an incubator at 70 °C for 5 days. The Eppendorf tubes were weighed to obtain the final weight of the Eppendorf tubes plus extruded debris. Three consecutive weights were obtained for each tube. The groups were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis one‐way analysis of variance on Ranks and Tukey's test.ResultsThe ProTaper Next group produced the highest mean extrusion value whilst WaveOne produced less debris compared with all the other instruments (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference between the ProTaper Next and WaveOne group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsApically extruded debris was associated with all instrumentation techniques. The WaveOne system extruded less debris compared with the Twisted File and ProTaper Next.
Hepatitis mouse models: from acute‐to‐chronic autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Yüksel Muhammed , Laukens Debby , Heindryckx Femke , Van Vlierberghe Hans , Geerts Anja , Wong F. Susan , Wen Li , Colle Isabelle 
Published: August 2014

SummaryAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease associated with interface hepatitis, raised plasma liver enzymes, the presence of autoantibodies and regulatory T‐cell (Tregs) dysfunction. The clinical course is heterogeneous, manifested by a fulminant or indolent course. Although genetic predisposition is well accepted, the combination with currently undefined environmental factors is crucial for the development of the disease. Progress in the development of reliable animal models provides added understanding of the pathophysiology of AIH, and these will be very useful in evaluating potential therapeutics. It appears that artificially breaking tolerance in the liver is easy. However, maintaining this state of tolerance breakdown, to get chronic hepatitis, is difficult because liver immune homeostasis is strongly regulated by several immune response inhibitory mechanisms. For example, Tregs are crucial regulators in acute and chronic hepatitis, and C57BL/6 mice are most prone to experimental AIH. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with liver (AIH) autoantigens (CYP2D6/FTCD or IL‐4R) and the disturbance of liver regulatory mechanism(s), leading to experimental AIH, are likely to be most representative of human AIH pathology.
Nutritional and physicochemical characteristics of wholemeal bread enriched with pea flour
Authors: Mastromatteo Marcella , Danza Alessandra , Lecce Lucia , Spinelli Sara , Lampignano Vincenzo , Laverse Janine , Conte Amalia , Del Nobile Matteo Alessandro 
Published: August 2014

SummaryIn this work, wholemeal bread enriched with hydrated and nonhydrated pea flour was investigated. Moreover, hydrocolloids, such as hydroxypropylcellulose, agar‐agar and guar seed flour, were added to the bread to improve its organoleptic properties. The bread samples were analysed from the nutritional, microstructural and textural properties point of view, and their correlations were also evaluated. Results showed that guar gum at 2% gave the better results. In particular, the overall quality of the bread enriched with hydrated pea flour and guar gum was statistically similar to that of the CTRL reference sample (7.70). The fibres and ash content of all pea‐enriched bread samples were significantly higher compared with the CTRL sample; moreover, all functional bread samples recorded significantly lower glycaemic response with respect to the CTRL sample. In addition, the mixture of both guar gum and hydrated pea flour significantly improved the dough properties and reduced the firmness of the bread.
A case for the use of autoethnography in nursing research
Authors: Peterson Ashley L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimsThis paper discusses the basis for and potential usefulness of autoethnography as a research method in nursing.BackgroundWhile qualitative research in nursing has traditionally involved the researcher taking an objective stance, autoethnography, with roots in the social sciences, is an emerging method that examines the researcher's own experience in a cultural context.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesData sources from 1979–2013 in the CINAHL, Medline and PsycInfo databases were drawn on including articles from nursing and social science journals on autoethnography and related narrative‐based approaches.DiscussionAutoethnography is based on the assumption that reality is multifaceted and the role of culture and context is crucial in understanding human experience. The reader is engaged through the evocation of emotion and the stimulation of reflection.Implications for nursingWhile autoethnography has thus far been little used in the discipline of nursing, it is a methodology that offers novel insights and an opportunity to examine the impact of nurses' personal and professional cultural identity on their practice.ConclusionThrough the use of a subjective lens, autoethnography gives nurses the opportunity to tell stories that would otherwise not be heard. It involves a courageous laying bare of the self to gain new cultural understandings and it offers the potential for nurses to learn from the experiences and reflections of other nurses.
An integrative review of promoting trust in the patient–primary care provider relationship
Authors: Murray Billie , McCrone Susan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimAn integrative review of empirical studies on factors promoting trust in the patient–primary care provider relationship.BackgroundTrust is essential to the patient–provider relationship. Patients with high trust in their healthcare providers have been found to have improved outcomes, including improved chronic disease management, increased use of preventative services and satisfaction with care. Breaches of trust in the healthcare system threaten trust. Exploring factors that promote trust in the patient–provider relationship is warranted.DesignIntegrative literature review.Data sourcesElectronic databases searched included CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsycARTICLES, using combinations of the key term ‘trust’ with: concept, practitioner, provider, physician, developing, creating, engendering, promoting and establishing. The results were limited to original publications in English, published between 1998–2013.Review methodsA review of the literature was conducted by two independent reviewers based on the criteria established by Cooper; Whittemore and Knafl; and Polit and Beck. Methodological assessment tools were used to organize, evaluate the quality of and synthesize the data.ResultsA new conceptual definition of promoting trust is proposed that includes three core qualities: interpersonal and technical competence, moral comportment and vigilance. Gaps in the literature still exist related to rural, young adult, older adult and well patient populations.ConclusionThe core qualities could serve as target areas for the development of interventions aimed at modifying provider behaviours so that trust can be established, maintained or improved. Future prospective longitudinal research studies are needed that enhance understanding of trust with multiple primary care provider types.
Conditional Water Rights in the Western United States: Introducing Uncertainty to Prior Appropriation?
Authors: Podolak Charles J.P. , Doyle Martin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn the prior‐appropriation water rights regimes that prevail in the arid western United States, claims to annually variable surface water flows are fulfilled based on the order of their establishment. The two‐step process used to establish an appropriative water right in all 17 conterminous western states creates a temporary phase, or conditional water right, which has a priority date but no actual water use. We provide a review of the legal basis for these conditional water rights and demonstrate the potential uncertainty they introduce to current water users. We then present a complete census of conditional water rights in Colorado, including their amounts, ages, and uses. At the end of 2012 there were a large number of conditional water rights in Colorado (some over 90 years old) equal to 61% of the perfected water rights. Many of the controversial conditional water rights in Colorado have been associated with unconventional oil production in the northwestern portion of the state; however, conditional water rights are ubiquitous across the state and across many use types. In several basins, their existence can introduce uncertainty to some of the most senior water rights holders. Nevertheless, in most of the state, the effects of conditional water rights are restricted to a relatively junior class of water users. This work quantifies for the first time the result, in one state, of a peculiar aspect of water law common across all western prior‐appropriation states.
Characteristics, Treatment Practices, and In‐Hospital Outcomes of Older Adults Hospitalized with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Chen Han‐Yang , McManus David D. , Saczynski Jane S. , Gurwitz Jerry H. , Gore Joel M. , Yarzebski Jorge , Goldberg Robert J. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo examine overall and decade‐long trends (1999–2009), characteristics, treatment practices, and hospital outcomes in individuals aged 65 and older hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to describe how these factors varied in the youngest, middle, and oldest‐old individuals.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingPopulation‐based Worcester Heart Attack Study.MeasurementsAnalyses were conducted to examine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, cardiac treatments, and hospital outcomes of older adults in three age strata (65–74, 75–84, ≥85).ParticipantsThe study sample consisted of 3,851 individuals aged 65 and older hospitalized with AMI every other year between 1999 and 2009; 32% were aged 65 to 74, 43% aged 75 to 84, and 25% aged 85 and older.ResultsAdvancing age was inversely associated with receipt of evidence‐based cardiac therapies. After multivariable adjustment, the odds of dying during hospitalization was 1.46 times as high in participants aged 75 to 84 and 1.78 times as high in those aged 85 and older as in those aged 65 to 74. The oldest‐old participants had approximately 25% lower odds of a prolonged hospital stay (>3 days) than those aged 65 to 74. Decade‐long trends in the principal study outcomes were also examined. Although the oldest‐old participants hospitalized for AMI were at the greatest risk of dying, persistent age‐related differences were observed in hospital treatment practices. Similar results were observed after excluding participants with a do‐not‐resuscitate order in their medical records.ConclusionAlthough there are persistent disparities in the care and outcomes of older adults hospitalized with AMI, additional studies are needed to delineate the extent to which less‐aggressive care reflects individual preferences and appropriate implementation of palliative care approaches.