bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatics data mining approach indicates the expression of chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP‐Seq)‐based hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α target genes in periplaque lesions of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Satoh Jun‐ichi , Asahina Naohiro , Kitano Shouta , Kino Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectivesHypoxia, a hallmark feature of chronic inflammation, plays a key role in the development of inflammatory demyelinating lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS). Periplaque demyelinated lesions (PDL) of MS represent incompletely demyelinated lesions surrounding fully demyelinated plaques, characterized by low‐grade inflammation and tissue remodeling. At present, the precise molecular pathology of PDL remains unknown.MethodsTo study the role of hypoxia in the pathophysiology of PDL, we identified a comprehensive set of chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP‐Seq)‐based hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) direct target genes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by in silico next‐generation sequencing data analysis. We characterized HIF‐1α target signature in PDL of secondary progressive MS by analyzing a microarray dataset.ResultsWe identified a total of 2291 hypoxia‐restricted HIF‐1α target genes. The set of 80 genes (15%) out of 549 upregulated genes in PDL, compared with normal appearing white matter, corresponded to ChIP‐Seq‐based HIF‐1α target genes. They showed a significant relationship with the molecular network composed of the semaphorin Sema6D, a key molecule involved in activation of antigen‐specific T cells by dendritic cells.ConclusionsThese results suggest a possible involvement of hypoxia in periplaque lesion formation in MS.
The Role of the Two‐Pore Domain Potassium Channel TREK‐1 in the Therapeutic Effects of Escitalopram in a Rat Model of Poststroke Depression
Authors: Lin Dai‐Hua , Zhang Xiang‐Rong , Ye Dong‐Qing , Xi Guang‐Jun , Hui Jiao‐Jie , Liu Shan‐Shan , Li Lin‐Jiang , Zhang Zhi‐Jun 
Published: February 2015

SummaryAimPoststroke depression (PSD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric complications after stroke. TREK‐1, a two‐pore‐domain potassium channel, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke and depression. The aim of this study was to investigate whether TREK‐1 plays a role in the therapeutic effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) escitalopram in a rat PSD model.MethodsThe whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique was performed to assess the effect of escitalopram on recombinant TREK‐1 currents in HEK293 cells. The expression of TREK‐1 mRNA and protein was measured in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC), and neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation was detected in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in PSD rats after 3 weeks of escitalopram administration.ResultsEscitalopram reversibly inhibited TREK‐1 currents in a concentration‐dependent manner. Chronic treatment with escitalopram significantly reversed the reductions in weight gain, locomotor activity, and sucrose preference in PSD rats. The expressions of TREK‐1 mRNA and protein were significantly increased in hippocampal CA1, CA3, DG, and PFC in PSD rats, with the exception of TREK‐1 mRNA in hippocampal CA1. NSC proliferation was significantly decreased in hippocampal DG of PSD rats. Escitalopram significantly reversed the regional increases of TREK‐1 expression and the reduction of hippocampal NSC proliferation in PSD rats.ConclusionTREK‐1 plays an important role in the therapeutic effects of the SSRI escitalopram in PSD model, making TREK‐1 an attractive candidate molecule for further understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of PSD.
Global Trends in the Status of Bird and Mammal Pollinators
Authors: Regan Eugenie C. , Santini Luca , Ingwall‐King Lisa , Hoffmann Michael , Rondinini Carlo , Symes Andy , Taylor Joseph , Butchart Stuart H.M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBiodiversity is declining, with direct and indirect effects on ecosystem functions and services that are poorly quantified. Here, we develop the first global assessment of trends in pollinators, focusing on pollinating birds and mammals. A Red List Index for these species shows that, overall, pollinating bird and mammal species are deteriorating in status, with more species moving toward extinction than away from it. On average, 2.5 species per year have moved one Red List category toward extinction in recent decades, representing a substantial increase in the extinction risk across this set of species. This may be impacting the delivery of benefits that these species provide to people. We recommend that the index be expanded to include taxonomic groups that contribute more significantly to pollination, such as bees, wasps, and butterflies, thereby giving a more complete picture of the state of pollinating species worldwide.
Improving the Proficiency of Research Consent Administrators
Authors: Larson Elaine L. , Lally Rachel , Foe Gabriella , Joaquin Gabriela , Meyer Dodi D. , Cohn Elizabeth G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjective:To describe the development and testing of a module to improve consent administrators’ skills when obtaining research consent from culturally and linguistically diverse and low literacy populations.Design:Development and psychometric testing of video module including community vignettes.Methods:Following initial content, face, and construct validity testing by experts, a field trial was conducted with pre‐ and postknowledge tests and satisfaction surveys completed by 112 consent administrators.Results:Mean score out of a possible 10 on pretest was 8.6 (±standard deviation [SD], 1.55) and on posttest was 9.1 (±SD, 1.2; paired t‐test 95% confidence interval of difference: –0.18 to –0.88; two‐tailed p = 0.003). The average years of experience with obtaining consent was 6.42 years (range: 0–35), but years of experience was not significantly associated with either pre‐ or posttest scores (p = 0.82 and 0.44, respectively). Most user evaluations were positive, although suggestions for improvements were made.Conclusion:Although pretest scores were relatively high, training needs of research consent administrators for consenting diverse and low literacy populations may be unmet. We urge that institutional review boards, researchers, policymakers, educators, and bioethicists address the training needs of research consent administrators and we offer this training module as one potential resource and adjunct to such training.
Oral health under use of continuous positive airway pressure and interest in alternative therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a questionnaire‐based survey
Authors: Tsuda Hiroko , Moritsuchi Yasutaka , Higuchi Yoshinori , Tsuda Toru 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with a variety of adverse health outcomes. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is considered first‐line treatment for sleep apnoea patients, but there are few studies on oral health in patients with OSA who are using CPAP.ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the prevalence of oral symptoms and interest in alternative treatments such as oral appliance (OA) therapy in CPAP users.MethodsA questionnaire was used to ascertain oral health including denture use, oral symptoms at present and since the start of CPAP, and interest in OA therapy. Relevant demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records.ResultsThe 744 participants who completed the questionnaire had following characteristics (mean ± standard deviation): age (55.1 ± 12.9 years); apnoea–hypopnoea index (40.9 ± 23.2/h); body mass index (27.9 ± 5.2 kg/m2) and length of CPAP usage (49.1 ± 30.7 months); halitosis (30.4%); and gingival bleeding (27.5%). Nearly half (44.6%) complained of dry mouth since beginning CPAP therapy. Patients with diabetes were older (57.8 ± 11.9 vs. 54.2 ± 12.8 years), had a higher rate of denture use (28.3 vs. 19.0%), more dental clinic visits (71.4 vs. 58.7%) and more oral symptoms (50.0 vs. 38.2%) than non‐diabetes patients (p < 0.05). Thirty‐eight per cent of subjects were interested in OA therapy.ConclusionsThis study exhibited that almost 40% of CPAP users had oral symptoms. In particular, OSA patients with diabetes may be at high risk of oral disease.
Groundwater age, brine migration, and large‐scale solute transport in the Alberta Basin, Canada
Authors: Gupta I. , Wilson A. M. , Rostron B. J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThere is a great contrast in geochemical and hydrogeologic estimates of the residence times of pore fluids in sedimentary basins. This contrast is particularly evident in the Alberta Basin, Canada, which has served as the study area for important studies of long‐term fluid flow and transport. To address these differences, we developed two‐dimensional simulations of groundwater age, constrained by both hydrogeologic and geochemical observations, to estimate the residence time of fluids and the amount and timing of flushing by meteoric waters in the Alberta Basin. Results suggest that old, residual brines have been retained in the deepest parts of the basin since their formation ca. 400 Ma, but significant dilution by younger waters has reduced the age of these pore waters to no more than approximately 200 My. Shallower formations have been flushed extensively by fresh, young waters. Loss of brines and dilution of older pore waters occurred primarily after the uplift of the Rockies with the introduction of the gravity‐driven flow regime. Despite these large changes in flow regime, solute exchange between deep saline aquifers and the overlying vigorous freshwater flow system was found to be consistent with long‐term dispersive mixing across subhorizontal concentration gradients rather than by direct flushing. Sensitivity studies using an analytic solution supported the use of 100 m for transverse dispersivity in large‐scale numerical models. These simulations confirm that the age and origin of brines are in many cases poor indicators of long‐term solute transport rates in sedimentary basins, but the geochemical indicators that are used to determine the origin of brines can provide useful constraints for calculating groundwater age and are far more commonly available than isotopic groundwater age tracers.
Survey on awareness and perceptions of bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw in dental hygienists in Seoul
Authors: Mah Y‐J , Kang G‐Y , Kim S‐J 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe investigated awareness in dental hygienists of bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) in patients with osteoporosis and cancer and assessed the situation in systemic history investigations to broaden the scope of the dental hygienists' BRONJ awareness as a basis for contributing to preventing this disease. The study was carried out through a survey; 217 dental hygienists responded to the survey. They worked at 12 university and general hospitals, 10 dental hospitals and 35 dental clinics, for a total of 57 institutions in Seoul. The survey consisted of 37 questions: general characteristics (J Oral Maxillofac Surg 65: 2007; 369), systemic history investigations (Ruggiero et al. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62: 2004; 527) and awareness of BRONJ (Park et al. J Korean Dent Assoc 49: 2011; 389). Among them, 79.7% were aware of BRONJ. Recognition was highest among those from 25 to 35 years old (P < 0.05). In terms of work experience, those with 5–10 years experience showed the highest awareness (P < 0.05). In terms of institutions type, dental clinics showed lower awareness than general and dental hospitals (P < 0.05). It was found that 55.3% of the dental hygienists had been educated about BRONJ. Those aged 25–35 years were the most educated. In terms of institutions, dental clinic staff were the least educated. The degree of understanding about BRONJ was analysed with the average score of 6.14 points. According to these results, dental hygienists working in university hospitals and general hospitals had more opportunity to receive training than those working in dental clinics. Thus, it is considered that the development of professional training programs about BRONJ for all dental hygienists is necessary.
Differential impact of maternal and paternal ethnicity on the pattern of fat distribution in infants at age 3 months
Authors: Kramer C. K. , Hamilton J. K. , Ye C. , Hanley A. J. , Connelly P. W , Sermer M. , Zinman B. , Retnakaran R. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryBackgroundAs ethnicity is typically recorded as a single demographic variable in clinical studies, little is known about the relative impact of maternal vs. paternal ethnicity on fat distribution.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine whether there is a differential impact of maternal and paternal ethnicity on infant adiposity.MethodsThree hundred fifty‐five infants underwent anthropometric assessment at age 3 months, including skin‐fold thickness (SFT) measurement at subscapular, suprailiac and triceps. Maternal (M) and paternal (P) ethnicity were classified as white (M = 241, P = 252), Asian (M = 50, P = 42) or other (M = 64, P = 61).ResultsInfants with either Asian mother (compared with white) or Asian father (compared with white) had increased subscapular, suprailiac and triceps SFT (all P < 0.05). On logistic regression analysis, however, only maternal Asian ethnicity (compared with white) independently predicted the likelihood of an infant being in the highest tertile for SFT at subscapular (odds ratio [OR] = 2.72, 95% confidence interval 1.17–6.34, P = 0.02), suprailiac (OR = 3.56, 1.51–8.42, P = 0.004) and triceps (OR = 3.26, 1.40–7.55, P = 0.005). In contrast, paternal Asian ethnicity was independently associated with sum of SFT only (OR = 2.46, 1.02–5.97, P = 0.04).ConclusionMaternal and paternal Asian ethnicity have differential effects on infant fat distribution. Future clinical studies on obesity and fat composition should consider the distinct contributions of both parents to the ethnic classification of participants.
An Interview with Jae C. Lee
Authors: Fisher Nicholas I. , van Zwet Willem R. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryJae Chang Lee was born in Chang‐Nyoung, South Korea, on 9 August, 1942. After high school, he attended Seoul National University during a period of military dictatorship. As a leader of the student protest movement, he was forced to flee the country. He completed undergraduate and graduate studies at Ohio State University (PhD 1972) in USA and then joined the faculty at Moravian College in Pennsylvania. He returned permanently to South Korea in 1981 to a faculty position at Korea University. He has held visiting positions at the US National Bureau of Standards, the US Naval Coastal Systems Center, Ohio State University, Temple University, the University of Wollongong and Chuo University. Professional contributions include President of International Statistical Institute, Organiser of the International Statistical Institute (ISI) Congress in Seoul in 2001, President of the International Association for Statistical Computing and of the Korean Statistical Society (KSS), Editor, Journal of the Korean Statistical Society and Co‐Editor, Computational Statistics and Data Analysis. Honours include ISI Methorst Award, Distinguished Service Award (KSS), Presidential Award for Statistical Contribution and Order of Service Merit from the Korean Government, Certificate of Distinguished Contribution from the Japanese Society of Computational Statistics and elected member, Korean Academy of Science and Technology. The interview was conducted during 23–27 April 2013, at Jae C's country home in Pocheon City.
Interaction between Connexin 43 and nitric oxide synthase in mice heart mitochondria
Authors: Kirca Mücella , Kleinbongard Petra , Soetkamp Daniel , Heger Jacqueline , Csonka Csaba , Ferdinandy Péter , Schulz Rainer 
Published: February 2015

AbstractConnexin 43 (Cx43), which is highly expressed in the heart and especially in cardiomyocytes, interferes with the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms. Conversely, Cx43 gene expression is down‐regulated by nitric oxide derived from the inducible NOS. Thus, a complex interplay between Cx43 and NOS expression appears to exist. As cardiac mitochondria are supposed to contain a NOS, we now investigated the expression of NOS isoforms and the nitric oxide production rate in isolated mitochondria of wild‐type and Cx43‐deficient (Cx43Cre‐ER(T)/fl) mice hearts. Mitochondria were isolated from hearts using differential centrifugation and purified via Percoll gradient ultracentrifugation. Isolated mitochondria were stained with an antibody against the mitochondrial marker protein adenine‐nucleotide‐translocator (ANT) in combination with either a neuronal NOS (nNOS) or an inducible NOS (iNOS) antibody and analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The nitric oxide formation was quantified in purified mitochondria using the oxyhaemoglobin assay. Co‐localization of predominantly nNOS (nNOS: 93 ± 4.1%; iNOS: 24.6 ± 7.5%) with ANT was detected in isolated mitochondria of wild‐type mice. In contrast, iNOS expression was increased in Cx43Cre‐ER(T)/fl mitochondria (iNOS: 90.7 ± 3.2%; nNOS: 53.8 ± 17.5%). The mitochondrial nitric oxide formation was reduced in Cx43Cre‐ER(T)/fl mitochondria (0.14 ± 0.02 nmol/min./mg protein) in comparison to wild‐type mitochondria (0.24 ± 0.02 nmol/min./mg). These are the first data demonstrating, that a reduced mitochondrial Cx43 content is associated with a switch of the mitochondrial NOS isoform and the respective mitochondrial rate of nitric oxide formation.
Topical acne treatments in Europe and the issue of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Leccia M.T. , Auffret N. , Poli F. , Claudel J.‐P. , Corvec S. , Dreno B. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAcne vulgaris(acne) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the sebaceous gland, characterized by follicular hyperkeratinization, excessive colonization byPropionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) as well as immune reactions and inflammation. Despite an armamentarium of topical treatments available including benzoyl peroxide, retinoids and azelaic acid, topical antibiotics in monotherapies, especially erythromycin and clindamycin, are still used in Europe to treat acne. This intensive use led to antimicrobial‐resistantP. acnesand staphylococci strains becoming one of the main health issues worldwide. This is an update on the current topical acne treatments available in Europe, their mechanism of action, their potential to induce antimicrobial resistance and their clinical efficacy and safety.
Local perception of floods in the Czech Republic and recent changes in state flood management strategies
Authors: Vávra J. , Lapka M. , Cudlínová E. , Dvořáková‐Líšková Z. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA shift from flood protection to flood risk management is occurring in many Western countries, but less is known about the social perception of floods and flood management changes in Central and Eastern Europe. The objective of this paper is to study the social perception of selected water‐related issues and to find possible compatibilities with existing flood management. A sociological survey was conducted within a local population living in flood plains in South Bohemia (N = 89). The results are discussed in relation to changes in Czech flood management governmental policies over the last 15 years. We conclude that the local population accepts floods as regular events, expects their increased frequency and prefers natural measures of flood mitigation. Czech flood management governmental policies are moving from flood defence and hard structural measures (e.g. dams) to flood risk management and more natural solutions (polders, free spill, etc.). However, there is still a strong legacy of a top‐down approach in governmental policies that hinders full incorporation of local perceptions into flood management.
The Antibacterial Effect of Flower Pollen on Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ground Pork
Authors: Joo Myoung‐Jae , Jung HwaBin , Kim Sun‐ho , Yoon Won Byong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study was conducted to confirm the synergistic inactivation effect of flower pollen when applied with heat treatment to Escherichia coli O157:H7. The reduction of the number of E. coli O157:H7 was monitored during heat treatment at 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5 and 65C. The D‐values in the culture were D55 = 10.03 ± 0.59, D57.5 = 3.84 ± 0.05, D60 = 2.76 ± 0.19, D62.5 = 1.31 ± 0.20 and D65 = 1.04 ± 0.01 min, respectively, which were reduced to D55 = 3.13 ± 0.12, D57.5 = 3.02 ± 0.14, D60 = 1.80 ± 0.05, D62.5 = 1.11 ± 0.03 and D65 = 0.79 ± 0.01 min with the addition of pollen (80 mg/mL). The z‐value without addition of pollen was 10.24C, which increased to 15.11C with addition of pollen. The D‐values in ground pork were D55 = 5.59 ± 0.11, D57.5 = 2.58 ± 0.05, D60 = 2.07 ± 0.19, D62.5 = 1.30 ± 0.03 and D65 = 0.87 ± 0.02 min. When treated with the addition of pollen (150 mg/mL), the D‐values decreased to D55 = 1.87 ± 0.05, D57.5 = 1.56 ± 0.02, D60 = 1.11 ± 0.01, D62.5 = 0.73 ± 0.01 and D65 = 0.50 ± 0.00 min. The z‐value increased from 13.05C to 16.86C.Practical ApplicationsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study applying flower pollen as a natural antimicrobial additive to improve the effect of heat treatment at the time of the sterilization of a meat product. Flower pollen might be provided by cultivating plant resources. It implies that the cost of flower pollen could be dramatically reduced and the cost reduction with suitable degree of antimicrobial activity gives a great benefit to the users in the processed food industries.