bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry of small volatile molecules using a parylene‐matrix chip
Authors: Kim Jo‐Il , Park Jong‐Min , Noh Joo‐Yoon , Kang Min‐Jung , Pyun Jae‐Chul 
Published: September 2014

RATIONALEIn matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry (MS), volatile small molecules have been nearly impossible to analyze because (1) such molecules evaporate under drying and vacuum conditions and (2) the organic matrix creates matrix peaks in the low mass‐to‐charge (m/z) range (m/z <500). In this work, the analysis of volatile small molecules using MALDI‐TOFMS was realized using (1) a parylene‐matrix chip to eliminate the matrix peaks of the organic matrix and (2) graphene for the effective adsorption of the small volatile molecules.METHODSThe parylene‐matrix chip was produced by deposition of a partially porous parylene‐N thin film on a dried organic matrix array. The sample solution of volatile small molecules was mixed with the graphene and then placed on the parylene‐matrix chip for MALDI‐TOFMS. Analogs of chemical agents called dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) and 2‐chloroethylethylsulfide (CEES) were used as model compounds for the small volatile molecules, and the sensing parameters were estimated, such as the limit of detection (LOD) and the detection range.RESULTSMALDI‐TOFMS based on the parylene‐matrix chip and graphene as the adsorbent could achieve a LOD of approximately 1 ppb in the detection range of 1 ppm – 1 ppb for the highly volatile DMMP and CEES.CONCLUSIONSThe parylene‐matrix chip with graphene can be applied for the detection of volatile small molecule analytes in the m/z ratio range of small molecules (m/z <500) using graphene as an effective adsorbent. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Species‐related difference between limonin and obacunone among five liver microsomes and zebrafish using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a LTQ‐Orbitrap mass spectrometer
Authors: Ren Wei , Li Yan , Zuo Ran , Wang Hong‐Jie , Si Nan , Zhao Hai‐Yu , Han Ling‐Yu , Yang Jian , Bian Bao‐Lin 
Published: September 2014

RATIONALELimonin and obacunone are two major limonoids distributed in the Rutaceae and Meliaceae families. Their defined anti‐tumor activity is closely connected with the furan ring and the multi‐carbonyls in their structures. In vivo and in vitro biotransformations may influence their structures and further change their effects. The metabolic profiles of limonin and obacunone have not been studied previously. In order to clarify their in vivo and in vitro metabolism, a comparative investigation of their metabolic pathways in five different species of liver microsomes and zebrafish was carried out.METHODSIn the present study, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC/HRMS) and related electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) dissociation of limonin and obacunone were applied for the analysis. Each metabolite was identified by its accurate mass data. Human liver microsomes (HLMs), monkey liver microsomes (MLMs), dog liver microsomes (DLMs), rat liver microsomes (RLMs), mice liver microsomes (XLMs) and zebrafish were included in the biotransformations.RESULTSOne phase I metabolite of limonin (M1‐1) and two phase I metabolites of obacunone (M2‐1, M2‐2) were identified by accurate mass measurement and MS/MS fragmentation behaviors. A reduction reaction was regarded as the major metabolic pathway of limonoids in liver microsomes. The reduction reaction site of M1‐1 and M2‐1 was at the C‐16 carbonyl, while for M2‐2 it was at C‐7. M1‐1 was the major and unique metabolite of limonin and the metabolic rate of limonin varied from 11.5% to 17.8% in liver microsomes (LMs). M2‐2 was the main metabolite of obacunone in LMs and zebrafish. M1‐1 and M2‐1were only detected in LMs while M2‐2 was found in both LMs and zebrafish incubation systems. The metabolic rate of obacunone varied from 2.5% to 19.1% and the content of M2‐2 was about five times higher than that of M2‐1.CONCLUSIONSThe ESI‐HR‐MS/MS fragmentation behaviors of limonin and obacunone were investigated for the first time. A qualitative and semi‐quantitative method was developed for the in vivo and in vitro metabolic analysis of limonin and obacunone. The results demonstrated that the metabolic processes of limonin and obacunone were different between LMs and zebrafish. However, both of these two parent compounds presented similar metabolic processes in five species of LMs. This was caused by the metabolic difference between mammals and fish or because limonin probably cannot be absorbed in zebrafish. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C–H Bond Activation of Benzene, Toluene, 3,3‐Dimethyl‐1‐butene and Methane by Silica‐Supported TaV Imido Amido Surface Complex
Authors: Jia Hong‐Peng , Kaya Yasemin , Chow Catherine , Taoufik Mostafa , Quadrelli Elsje Alessandra 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe well‐defined silica‐supported tantalum(V) surface complex [(≡SiO)2Ta(=NH)(NH2)] undergoes H/D exchange when exposed to deuterated benzene, toluene, 3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐butene and methane. In the case of the two facile benzene and toluene activation reactions, a mechanism proceeding through 1,2‐addition across tantalum–imido bonds of the surface species and its reverse 1,2‐elimination from the transient silica supported tantalum(V) bis amido alkyl intermediate is proposed.
Six New Coordination Polymers: from Dimer to 2D Network based on the Combination of cis‐Bis(imidazole) Spacers with Cobalt(II) Cations
Authors: Wang Yue , Qi Yan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper reports the first systemic investigation on the bimetallic ring coordination polymers based on two structure‐related flexible bis(imidazole) ligands, bimb as well as bix [bimb = 1, 4‐bis(imidazol‐1‐yl)‐butane, bix = 1, 4‐bis(imidazol‐1‐yl‐methylene)‐benzene)]. As expected, six new cobalt complexes were generated, namely, [Co2(SCN)4(bimb)2] (1), [Co2(L1)2(bimb)2Cl2] (2), [Co2(L2)4(bix)2] (3), [Co(SCN)2(bimb)2] (4), {Co[N(CN)2]2(bimb)2} (5), and [Co(L3)(bix)] (6) (HL1 = 4‐aminobenzoic acid, HL2 = 4‐nitrobenzoic acid, and H2L3 = succinic acid). The structures of 1–3 are three discrete dinuclear ring motifs. Especially, 1 is the first example of 1D pseudo‐polyrotaxane formed by S···S strong interactions based on bis(imidazole) ligands. 4 and 5 exhibit 1D meso‐helical chain architecture, in spite of their different space groups. In 6, the discrete dinuclear ring motifs, traversed by μ2‐η3‐chelating L3 anions, are interconnected by another μ2‐η1‐bridging L3 anions to form 2D (4, 4) network. The formation of these compounds should be undoubtedly attributed to the preference for cis‐bis(imidazole) ligands crystallization resulting in various ring architectures. In addition, compound 6 exhibits antiferromagnetic behavior.
Clinical Issues‐October 2014
Authors: Denholm Bonnie 
Published: September 2014

This MonthStanding orders for narcoticsKey words: standing medication orders, preference cards, narcotics.Reprocessing instruments when there is a question of sterilityKey words: decontamination, reprocessing, instrument trays, event‐related sterility.Inaccurate sponge counts in custom packsKey words: counts, soft goods, sponges, custom packs.Chewing gum in the ORKey words: OR food consumption, chewing gum, exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
CANONICAL REPRESENTATIVES FOR DIVISOR CLASSES ON TROPICAL CURVES AND THE MATRIX–TREE THEOREM
Authors: AN YANG , BAKER MATTHEW , KUPERBERG GREG , SHOKRIEH FARBOD 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLet $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\Gamma $ be a compact tropical curve (or metric graph) of genus $g$. Using the theory of tropical theta functions, Mikhalkin and Zharkov proved that there is a canonical effective representative (called a break divisor) for each linear equivalence class of divisors of degree $g$ on $\Gamma $. We present a new combinatorial proof of the fact that there is a unique break divisor in each equivalence class, establishing in the process an ‘integral’ version of this result which is of independent interest. As an application, we provide a ‘geometric proof’ of (a dual version of) Kirchhoff’s celebrated matrix–tree theorem. Indeed, we show that each weighted graph model $G$ for $\Gamma $ gives rise to a canonical polyhedral decomposition of the $g$-dimensional real torus $\mathrm{Pic}^g(\Gamma )$ into parallelotopes $C_T$, one for each spanning tree $T$ of $G$, and the dual Kirchhoff theorem becomes the statement that the volume of $\mathrm{Pic}^g(\Gamma )$ is the sum of the volumes of the cells in the decomposition.
Petrogenesis and geochronology of the Arkasani Granophyre and felsic Dalma volcanic rocks: implications for the evolution of the Proterozoic North Singhbhum Mobile Belt, east India
Authors: BHATTACHARYA H.N. , NELSON D.R. , THERN E.R. , ALTERMANN W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe North Singhbhum Mobile Belt (NSMB) is a 200 km long, curved Proterozoic fold–thrust belt that skirts the northern margin of the Archean Singhbhum Craton of NE India. The Singhbhum Shear Zone (SSZ) developed between the Dhanjori and Chaibasa formations near the southern margin of the NSMB and represents an important Cu-U-P metallotect. A SHRIMP U–Pb zircon date of 1861±6 Ma, obtained for the syn- to post-kinematic Arkasani Granophyre that has intruded the SSZ, provides a minimum age for the prolonged tectonic activity and mineralization along the SSZ and for the time of closure of the Chaibasa and Dhanjori sub-basins. The Dalma Volcanic Belt, a submarine rift-related bimodal mafic-felsic volcanic suite, forms the spine of the NSMB. A SHRIMP U–Pb zircon igneous crystallization date of 1631±6 Ma was obtained for an unfoliated felsic volcanic rock from the base of the Dalma volcanic sequence. These new findings suggest that the different sub-basins in the NSMB evolved diachronously under contrasting tectonic environments and were juxtaposed during a later orogenic movement.
Gruppenphänomene in ärztlichen Entscheidungen – Eine Analyse unter Assistenzärzten einer HNO-Klinik
Authors: Helmstaedter V. , Lenarz T. , Teschner M. 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Gruppenphänomene sind gekennzeichnet durch Verhaltensweisen, die von den Handlungen als Einzelperson differieren. Ein solches ist bspw. das Risikoschubphänomen. ­Diese Beobachtung beschreibt, dass Gruppen fast immer risikoreichere Entscheidungen treffen als die Einzelpersonen. Für Ärzte deutscher Kliniken sind Gruppenphänomene bisher nicht untersucht.
Material und Methoden: Im Rahmen einer prospektiven Studie erhielten die Studienteilnehmer einen Fragebogen mit einer Beschreibung von 12 klinischen Grenzfällen. Die Teilnehmer wurden gebeten, diesen selbstständig mit einer vorgegebenen numerischen Analogskala von 1 (keine OP- oder Therapieindikation) bis 10 (OP- oder Therapieindikation) zu beantworten. Am Nachmittag wurden die Fragen gemeinsam diskutiert und erneut beantwortet.
Ergebnisse: Vor der Diskussion lagen die Antwortmediane der einzelnen Fragen zwischen 3 und 9 (Mittelwert: 6,25), während nach der Diskussion die Mediane Werte zwischen 1 und 10 annahmen (Mittelwert: 4). Diese Änderungen des Antwortverhaltens waren z. T. statistisch signifikant (p<0,05). Weiterhin war eine Tendenz in Richtung extremerer Antworten zu verzeichnen.
Schlussfolgerungen: Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass in einer Gruppe von Assistenzärzten gemeinsame Diskussionen von klinischen Fällen die individuellen Entscheidungen der einzelnen Teilnehmer zum Teil signifikant beeinflussen. Somit muss im klinischen Alltag das ‚Phänomen der Gruppe‘ immer reflektiert werden, um sich bei der Entscheidungsfindung nicht durch (unbewusste) Einflüsse anderer Gruppenmitglieder leiten zu lassen. Der hohe Wert der gemeinsamen Diskussion und der Reflexion von Fällen bleibt unbestritten.
A study on knowledge flows of dye-sensitized solar cells’ patent
Authors: K.C. Chen James , Kien Pham Van 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to determine the development and knowledge flows of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) via the use of patent inventor database. Moreover, this study aims to explore patentees and inventors’ companies to help readers and practitioners to be able to understand the patentees, technology development and activities of knowledge flows from four countries. DSSCs, which are known as one of the key technologies of green energy, have been applied ever more widely to many different industries, and their use has quickly grown with a number of scientific publications and patent applications.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper was based on the US patent database collection of third-generation DSSCs in four typical countries such as USA, Japan, Germany and Taiwan to map the knowledge network of DSSC technology via the social network analysis method.

Findings
– The knowledge network of 132 DSSC patents was explored. Among the four countries, Japan leads, with the main patent number being H01G009. This paper also indicates the knowledge flow situation of Japanese inventors of DSSCs. For example, patented inventors Wariishi and Koji (JP) served the Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. (JP) in 2002, and then in 2008, transferred to the Fuji Film Corporation (JP). This means that the knowledge of technology was transferred by people who moved to another company for a new job.

Research limitations/implications
– This study is based on US Patent and Trademark Office patent database to do exploration.

Practical implications
– This study was expected to provide information for the industry, government and academia, so that they will understand the trajectory of the technology inventor, specialist cultivation and technology development in the DSSC industry.

Originality/value
– This study provides useful information for the green energy industry, government and academia to understand the importance of the knowledge flows and future development of DSSC technology of the solar cell industry. Thereby, they can intensify industrial competence and innovation by externally collaborating in this field as well as to increase the industrial competence by reimbursing the funds from government and other research institutes.
The great divorce: the freeing of markets from communities and from moral constraint
Authors: W. Stikkers Kenneth 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to explain how economics severed itself from the moral constraint of community and from ethics.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper utilizes respected economic histories (e.g. Tawney, Polanyi, Heilbroner) and analyzes central theoretical texts of modern capitalism (e.g. Adam Smith).

Findings
– This paper concludes that the divorce of economics from community and ethics had historical causes, beginning with enclosure, and was then theoretically justified by the classical economics.

Practical implications
– The paper suggests that, if social economics wish to reconnect economics with ethics, they need first to understand and to contend with, better than they have, the enormity of the historical and theoretical forces that drove the two apart in the first place.

Originality/value
– While many social economists argue for the need to connect economics with ethics, few if any have offered an extended analysis of their divorce.
Islamic micro finance: tool for economic stability and social change
Authors: Abdul Samad Mohammed 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to highlight the benefits of starting Islamic microfinance (IMF) in India and the core concepts of IMF.

Design/methodology/approach
– Methodology of the paper is exploratory in nature and analysing of a new concept for implementation.

Findings
– The brief findings have been that Indian masses, especially the poor minority community and lower middle class, are in a pathetic situation financially, as per survey analysis. IMF can play a very critical role in providing deliverance from financial slavery.

Research limitations/implications
– Limitations of the paper have been that the survey was done in a limited area and within a particular community and financial background.

Practical implications
– Research finding of the paper demonstrates a practical roadmap or a blueprint on the need of starting IMF in India.

Social implications
– Social implications of the paper are that if the research findings are implemented and IMF were to be offered in India, the mass suicides committed specially by the Indian farmers can be contained to a great extent and can be virtually stopped.

Originality/value
– The paper is original in concept, as IMF is totally new to the Indian scenario, and the paper is of high value for regulators to seriously think on initiating the IMF machinery in India for the benefit of all Indians.
Integrated regional vulnerability assessment of government services to climate change
Authors: C. Jacobs Brent , Lee Christopher , O’Toole David , Vines Katie 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to describe the conduct and outcomes of an integrated assessment (IA) of the vulnerability to climate change of government service provision at regional scale in New South Wales, Australia. The assessment was co-designed with regional public sector managers to address their needs for an improved understanding of regional vulnerabilities to climate change and variability.Design/methodology/approach– The study used IA of climate change impacts through a complex adaptive systems approach incorporating social learning and stakeholder-led research processes. Workshops were conducted with stakeholders from NSW government agencies, state-owned corporations and local governments representing the tourism, water, primary industries, human settlements, emergency management, human health, infrastructure and natural landscapes sectors. Participants used regional socioeconomic profiling and climate projections to consider the impacts on and the need to adapt community service provision to future climate.Findings– Many sectors are currently experiencing difficulty coping with changes in regional demographics and structural adjustment in the economy. Climate change will result in further impacts on already vulnerable systems in the forms of resource conflicts between expanded human settlements, the infrastructure that supports them and the environment (particularly for water); increased energy costs; and declining agricultural production and food security.Originality/value– This paper describes the application of meta-analysis in climate change policy research and frames climate change as a problem of environmental pollution and an issue of development and social equity.
The protestant ethic and the spirit of democracy: what is the democratic effect of Calvinism?
Authors: Zafirovski Milan 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– The paper considers whether and how Calvinism as a specific type of religion, ideology, and social system impacts political democracy in modern society. In contrast to the previous sociological and related literature assuming only a positive or negative linear effect, the paper proposes that Calvinism exerts mixed positive-negative and non-linear effects on democracy. The purpose of this paper is to aim at making a contribution to the sociological theory and research on Calvinism and democracy and modern society in general.Design/methodology/approach– A combination of comparative and historical sociological methodology.Findings– The main proposition and finding is that whether Calvinism is likely to have a positive or negative impact on democracy is the function of its specific position within social structure and its concrete phase of development. Thus, different positions of Calvinism in social structure are linked to its differential consequences in aggregate for democracy, and various stages of its development to time-variable non-linear effects in sequence.Originality/value– This is a relatively novel finding innovating and expanding on the literature's assumption that Calvinism has a structurally uniform, either positive or negative, and linear, time-constant effect on democracy.
The perversity of business case approaches to CSR
Authors: Moratis Lars 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide a reaction to the paper of Nijhof and Jeurissen inIJSSPon limitations of business case approaches to CSR by nuancing some of their critique as well as extending it by addressing a more fundamental flaw in such approaches. In addition, the paper aims to also provide a case of a company that integrates various approaches to CSR into its business model that goes beyond the CSR business case.Design/methodology/approach– The paper both has a conceptual approach through drawing on critical studies and theoretical arguments on CSR as well as an empirical approach through examining the integrative sustainability business model developed by the company Patagonia, a recognized and innovative CSR leader.Findings– The paper argues that the “cherry-picking argument” by Nijhof and Jeurissen on the limitations of the business case approach to CSR does not reflect the idiosyncrasy of the CSR concept. Also, their glass ceiling metaphor may not be well-chosen. Second, stage models of CSR maturity that detach ethics from CSR development should be revised to include these, also from a credibility perspective. Third, the theory of the firm perspective on CSR may be adjusted to capture the reality of new market relations that companies pioneering with sustainability business models are developing.Originality/value– The paper formulates a new critique on business case approaches to CSR, adding to the stream of critical studies on CSR and provides an example of a company that pioneers an integrative approach to CSR.
Standard of living, consumption norms, and perceived necessities
Authors: Aro Riikka , Wilska Terhi-Anna 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to focus on the material conditions of peoples’ daily lives by investigating changes in the self-perceived necessities of ten technology- and leisure-related consumer goods and services between 1999 and 2009. The authors also look at the socio-demographic predictors of the perceptions and the development of the ownership of the goods under investigation.Design/methodology/approach– The data are derived from surveys “Finland – Consumption and way of life” 1999 (N=2,417), 2004 (N=3,574), and 2009 (N=1,202). The statistical analysis methods include ANOVA and descriptive statistics. Also official statistics are used.Findings– Many technological goods, in particular, have become necessities for most people, and the ownership rates have increased notably. Age, type of household, place of residence and gender affected the necessity of most items. Income affected the necessity of expensive goods and services.Practical implications– The ways goods become social decencies does not always follow economic rationalities or are explained by conventional socio-economic determinants. The meaning of life course stage and related daily practices are probably more important than is usually recognized in social studies. Particularly many ICT goods become socially perceived necessities soon after their emergence, which changes the perceptions of adequate living standards, affecting thus the definition of “basic needs” and related social policy.Originality/value– The perceptions of necessities and other measures of living standards have been mainly looked at from the viewpoint of poverty and income. This study explains the perceived necessity of goods and services by several socio-demographic variables.