bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating Communication Conflicts Among the Healthcare Team
Authors: Costa Deena Kelly , Manojlovich Milisa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents a case study that forms the discussion of strategies to navigate communication conflicts. Ineffective communication is an ongoing problem in healthcare despite decades of research and is associated with adverse patient events. Communication is a complex, iterative process, and the complexity increases as the number of people involved in a communication exchange grows. Healthcare teams must learn to navigate numerous barriers to achieve effective communication, including contextual, intrapersonal, and interpersonal factors, all of which are apparent in the case. Teams can use different conflict resolution styles (i.e., competing, collaborating, avoiding, compromising, accommodating) to resolve communication conflicts when they inevitably occur. To improve conflict resolution and the team’s ability to provide high-quality care in any and all healthcare settings, teams must be aware of particular factors that predispose them to communication conflicts as well as their own individual needs, communication styles, and conflict management styles.
Addressing and Managing Disruptive Physician Behaviors
Authors: Rosenstein Alan H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Disruptive behavior is a difficult problem to address in an effective manner because it is not a traditional credentialing assessment of clinical competency but about professionalism. Organizations should have policies in place that define appropriate behavioral standards as well as a clear process to deal with disruptive events. There needs to be a consistent method for incident review that maintains confidentiality with protection from retaliation. All events should be reviewed in an unbiased and professional manner with well-documented discussion, recommendations, and action items. The organization must resist the temptation for inaction, particularly if the offending provider brings a large volume of patients and revenue to the organization. For minor infrequent disturbances, an informal chat may be sufficient, while formal remediation programs and counseling may be necessary for more severe cases.
Developing a Culture of Wellness
Authors: Pilarski Alicia , Apps Jennifer N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Wellness is composed of interdependent dimensions including physical, emotional, intellectual, social, spiritual, vocational, financial, and environmental. Achieving wellness is an active process and unique for each individual. Individuals who demonstrate resilience are less likely to suffer from burnout. Organizational strategies need to address solutions at the individual level but also within work units in the organization as a whole and across dimensions including workload demands, efficiency and resources, meaning within work, values, autonomy and flexibility, support at work and work life integration. Organizational commitment to well-being is the most important step, and organizational culture must be well-defined. Once the culture has been analyzed there must be awareness of the need to change, a desire to support the change, knowledge of how to change, and the ability to demonstrate skills and behavior which need to be reinforced to make changes stick. Communication and involvement of senior leadership is essential.
Surviving a Bad Outcome
Authors: Zielinski Ruth , Drummond Nora , Roosevelt Lee 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
For most, if not all, healthcare providers, there will be cases that result in a bad outcome. In these circumstances, a natural reaction may be to blame others on the healthcare team or even the patient. Communicating the bad news to the patient and/or family can be challenging and ultimately increases the risk of litigation if handled improperly. For healthcare providers, it is important to have healthy coping strategies and support to avoid excessive vicarious trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder. This chapter presents a case where a nurse-midwife is caring for a patient who is also a friend, which adds an additional element of complexity when there is a bad outcome.
Disclosure of Medical Errors
Authors: Reno Jennifer Prettyman 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines situations where medical errors occur and that warrant disclosure, along with the process by which such disclosure can be conducted successfully. The author reviews the role of the attending physician as well as other healthcare providers in the process while also focusing on the dynamics between the healthcare providers and the patient and/or family members to whom the disclosure is made. Tips are provided for effective communication to the patient and/or family members, with an emphasis on transparency, disclosure, and apologies related to medical errors. Finally, the author directs attention to the psychological impact of medical errors and disclosure on healthcare professionals.
Billing Compliance
Authors: Roke Daniel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Reimbursement is the underlying fuel for the practice of medicine. Clinicians dedicate themselves to the expert application of an extensive knowledge base and procedural skills, but all this effort is for naught without payments from insurers. Reimbursement is the result of teamwork between clinicians, on one hand, and coders and billers, on the other. Compliance with coding and billing regulations and guidelines is important for financially recognizing the critical clinical work done by healthcare providers. Noncompliance with these same regulations and guidelines can lead to poor reimbursement and/or adverse legal consequences. The many rules from the multitude of government and private insurance providers make an exhaustive review difficult, but this chapter outlines a broad set of guidelines that address the most common areas of billing compliance.
Conscientious Objection in Medical Practice
Authors: Van Norman Gail A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines controversies regarding the moral integrity of medical practitioners and their rights to refuse to treat. It examines how conscientious objection in medical care creates conflicts between practitioners and challenges the core principle in the practice of medicine that expects the practitioner to set aside personal interests in favor of their patients. Different perspectives on “conscience” that affect practitioners’ willingness or unwillingness to allow conscientious objection to certain types of care are reviewed. This chapter discusses potential limitations on the rights of healthcare providers to be accommodated in a conscientious objection. It also discusses several approaches to conscientious objection, including allowing all conscientious objection in medical care, disallowing conscientious objection in medical care altogether, and accommodating conscientious objectors who meet certain criteria, such as being willing to refer patients to a “willing provider” or accepting specific job limitations.
Parens Patriae
Authors: Gish Bryan , Robins Berklee 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the vast majority of circumstances, parents make medical decisions for their children that are concordant with the medical recommendations they are offered. Similarly, for patients who lack decision-making capacity or legal competence, surrogate decision-makers and guardians generally make decisions that are in agreement with medical advice and are believed to be what the patient would choose for themselves if they were able. This is commonly known as choosing what is in a patient’s best interests or, at a minimum, choosing among a set of reasonable choices. Sometimes the medical team may believe that the parents, legal guardians, or other surrogate decision-makers are not making reasonable decisions or are actually harming or neglecting those for whom they should be advocates. The doctrine of parens patriae refers to the legal principle which authorizes the state (government authority) to intervene to safeguard the rights and health of an individual who cannot exercise their own right to autonomy. In the case of medical decision-making, this ranges from authorizing medical care, to, in extreme cases, terminating the legal authority of an individual to make medical decisions for a child or adult patient who is at risk.
Death by Neurological Criteria
Authors: Peramunage Dasun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Death by neurological criteria, or “brain death” as it is often incorrectly called, has long been recognized as an irreversible process that, much like cardiopulmonary failure, is incompatible with life. Advances in critical care medicine have allowed for the ongoing support of cardiac and pulmonary function despite catastrophic and irrecoverable neurological injury. Though the diagnosis has been widely recognized by the medical community, evidence shows that despite the existence of published and reviewed societal guidelines for determining death by neurological criteria, there are many inconsistencies in the practice of evaluating and confirming this diagnosis. Given its permanence, it is important that a consistent and methodical approach be applied to all patients for whom this diagnosis is being considered. Determining death has significant legal and ethical implications for the patient and their family. In this chapter, the author demystifies the process of making this important determination.
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Authors: Pla Raymond A. , Cohen Ira Todd 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The affective domain of Bloom’s taxonomy delineates the powerful effect of emotional engagement in fostering deep learning and appreciation of concepts and skills. Feelings and attitudes shape the values that learners attach to new material. These values may be internalized and incorporated into their practices and integrated into the learner’s value system. The cognitive and psychomotor domains may be more deeply engaged, fostering deeper and enduring learning, driven by the attitude that learning this material is deeply beneficial. The affective domain consists of five levels: Receiving, Responding, Valuing, Organizing, and Internalization (Characterization). As in the cognitive domain, verbs describing observable behaviors are associated with each category and can be used to create learning objectives for educational activities.
Adult Learning Theory
Authors: Wilson Rebecca D. , Sneddon Christopher 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Andragogy, the art and science of helping adults learn, gained popularity in the 1970s, often based on Malcolm Knowles assumptions regarding adults as learners. This non-neuropsychological learning theory posits that adults see themselves as self-directed learners, can call on their prior experience as a resource for learning, and are motivated by the desire to improve in a social role and therefore are more problem- rather than subject-focused. Adults are more likely to engage when they are intrinsically motivated to learn. Although these assumptions may not hold across all adults at all times, it is a valuable framework for educators to use in determining approaches to teaching adults and addressing issues that may arise in self-direction, prior experience, and motivation.
How to Give an Excellent Virtual Presentation
Authors: De Gagne Jennie C. , O’Brien Stacey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, users of all ages and backgrounds were forced to adapt to virtual platforms, and the use of these platforms soared. Consequently, virtual platforms are increasingly meeting new expectations but also requiring new skills of presenters. To develop engaging presentations, presenters must possess knowledge of specific platforms as well as skills to utilize available resources creatively. The benefits of virtual presentations are numerous and exciting, and difficulties can generally be mitigated by capable presenters. The information in this chapter can help presenters improve their ability to provide excellent virtual presentations by identifying techniques to maintain engagement during virtual presentations.
Brain Diseases Associated with Unstable Repeats
Authors: Shelly Katharine E. , Allen Emily G. , Jin Peng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Tandem repeat elements are both abundant and dynamic in the human genome. Since 1991, repeat expansions have been shown to cause many neurological diseases, and a vast and intricate body of research has emerged, detailing the ways these elements influence neuronal and central nervous system functions. Variable number tandem repeats reveal the evolutionary roots of some repetitive elements that are unique to the human genome and were established through insertion and deletion events. Short tandem repeats (STRs), commonly mapped within many genomic loci, are the focus for expansions associated with neurological disorders. An overview of the nearly 50 repeat expansion diseases associated with STRs is provided. Finally, the technological advances that accelerated the discovery of polymorphic repeats in the genome are discussed and contextualized. Their utility and continued evolution will provide new insights and excitement in the next era of TR research.
Assessment, Interview, and Behavior Rating Scales
Authors: Harris James C. , Coyle Joseph T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The assessment process in developmental neuropsychiatry requires a comprehensive evaluation of the individual child and their family. Three approaches are involved: (a) clinical assessment, which includes current and past family history, individual and family clinical interviews, and mental status examination of the child; (b) semistructured and structured interviews, questionnaires, behavior checklists, and rating scales; and (c) standardized tests, including psychological and neurological examinations. Background knowledge in normal child development, child psychopathology, diagnostic classification, and the specific tests used is a prerequisite. In dealing with developmental psychopathology, knowledge of the specific syndromes and their natural history is essential. This chapter discusses the rationale for the clinical interview, procedures involved in psychiatric interviewing, the psychiatric history, the psychiatric examination, behavior rating scales and checklists, the clinical case formulation, treatment planning, and prognosis.
Emotion
Authors: Harris James C. , Coyle Joseph T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Emotions are essential to evolutionary adaptation and survival. Emotion is the term generally used to describe physiological and psychosomatic concomitants of mood. Emotional states have been categorized according to type, intensity, and duration. The response to emotional experience is an adaptive one with three components: the physiologic reaction (e.g., increased heart rate), the behavioral reaction (e.g., fight or flight), and subjective feeling (e.g., fear). This chapter discusses the definition of attention and its characteristics; describes genes and attentional networks; reviews anatomic substrates for attention, summarizing development neuroimaging studies; considers attention and self-regulation in infancy and child development; discusses attention training in childhood; and reviews neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by attention deficits.
Specific Learning Disorders
Authors: Harris James C. , Coyle Joseph T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are disorders of brain development and lifelong with early age of onset. They are distinct from acquired brain disorders resulting from trauma. To make these diagnoses, problems applying key academic skills to learning have an onset during the developmental period and must have persisted for at least 6 months despite targeted interventions. Such learning impairments, if not treated, increase the later risk for emotional and behavior disorders. Academic impairments may involve reading, spelling, mathematics, and written expression. This chapter reviews the history, epidemiology, definition and classification, assessment, etiology (genetics and neuroimaging), comorbid psychiatric disorders and treatment for impairments in reading, hyperlexia, spelling, mathematics, and written expression.
Focused Perioperative Nutritional Supplementation Reduces Wound Complications in Patients Undergoing Spinal Fusion Surgery
Authors: Como Christopher J. , Setliff Joshua C. , Dalton Jonathan F. , Tang Yunting Melissa , Oyekan Anthony A. , Hua Kimberly , Byrne Kevin , Sadhwani Shaan , Spitnale Michael , Russell Kira L. , Wawrose Richard , Lee Joon Y. , Shaw Jeremy D. 
Published: August 2024

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study

Objective:
To evaluate intensive postoperative nutritional supplementation on wound healing complications and outcomes after spinal fusion surgery.

Background:
Poor nutritional status leads to inferior postoperative outcomes by increasing mortality and predisposing patients to infection and wound healing complications. While perioperative nutritional supplementation has shown promise in mitigating these risks, there is a paucity of literature regarding specific nutritional routines in spinal fusion surgery.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent spinal fusion surgery between 2019 and 2022. Demographic and nutritional data, including preoperative prealbumin levels (PAB) and postoperative supplemental diet, were examined. Primary endpoints included wound complications, with secondary outcomes assessing Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Health (PH) scores. Statistical analyses included unpaired t-tests and Chi-squared/Fischer’s exact tests with significance set at P<0.05.

Results:
Patients receiving the supplemental diet (n=229) demonstrated fewer wound complications (7% vs. 21%, P=0.004) and reoperations (3% vs. 11%, P=0.016) compared to those without supplementation (n=56). No significant differences were observed in preoperative or postoperative PROMIS PH or ODI scores. Patients with normal preoperative PAB had more wound complications without the supplemental diet (5% vs. 18%, P=0.025). A similar trend was seen in the patients with low preoperative PAB (12% vs. 26%, P=0.12).

Conclusion:
Postoperative nutritional supplementation significantly reduces wound complications after spinal fusion surgery in a cost-effective manner. This study underscores the modifiability of certain perioperative risk factors and suggests that nutritional strategies can mitigate potential complications.
Abnormal brain-heart electrophysiology in mild and severe orthostatic hypotension
Authors: Cheng Yingzhe , Huang Peilin , Lin Lin , Zhang Jiejun , Cheng Yahui , Zheng Jiahao , Wang Yanping , Pan Xiaodong 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
This study investigated the changes in cardiocerebral electrophysiology in patients with mild orthostatic hypotension (MOH) and severe orthostatic hypotension (SOH) and their relationship with the severity of orthostatic hypotension, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive dysfunction.

Methods:
This study included 72 nonorthostatic hypotension (NOH), 17 with MOH, and 11 with SOH. Seated resting-state heart rate variability (HRV) and quantitative electroencephalogram parameters were synchronized and recorded. HRV measures in the time and frequency domains were analyzed, along with the peak frequency and power of the brain waves.

Results:
Abnormal neuronal activity was found in FP1 in patients with MOH, whereas it was more widespread in FP1, FP2, and O2 in patients with SOH (P < 0.05). Cardiac and cerebral electrophysiological abnormalities were significantly associated with orthostatic hypotension severity, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive dysfunction.

Conclusion:
Abnormal EEG activity in patients are mainly manifested in the prefrontal and occipital lobes, especially in patients with SOH. These results may help patients to better understand the mechanisms underlying orthostatic hypotension severity and psychiatric and cognitive impairment in orthostatic hypotension.
Cell wall arabinogalactan is responsible for Fungitell® cross reactivity in nocardiosis
Authors: Mariller Christophe , Letowski Pascal , Chang Wei-Ting , Lowary Todd L. , Ulrich Marc , Faure Karine , Loridant Séverine , Sendid Boualem , Wallet Frédéric , Poulain Daniel , Hazzan Marc , Frimat Marie , Guerardel Yann , Titecat Marie 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTNocardiosis is a serious infection in immunosuppressed patients, especially transplant recipients. The slow-growing phenotype of the bacterium and the variety of symptoms complicate diagnosis and delay antimicrobial therapy, which results in high mortality rates despite effective treatments. Incidentally, some nocardiosis patients test positive in fungal diagnostics that detect (1,3) β−D-glucan (the Fungitell® assay), but the basis for this cross-reactivity remains unknown. We demonstrate that nocardial cell wall arabinogalactan is a cryptic antigen responsible for cross reactivity in the Fungitell® assay and that this antigen is revealedin vivofollowing bacterial cell lysis. We further show that the reactivity results from β-glucose substitution of the galactan domain, a modification specific to Nocardia, and identify the optimal antigen as a tetramer of the trisaccharide repeating unit. By providing structural evidence for Fungitell® cross-reactivity during nocardiosis, this work paves the way for developing specific diagnostic tools that are presently lacking.
Perception/action coupling in children with autism: insights from looking time and pupil dilation measurements
Authors: Clavaud-Seon Nicole , Guillon Quentin , Vergne Judith , Sonié Sandrine , Schmitz Christina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study was to characterize, through indices extracted from eye-tracking measurements, the spontaneous distinction of videos of daily actions with a variable perception/action coupling, depending on whether, for the same action, the video was presented in the forward reading direction (strong coupling), or in the backward reading direction (weaker coupling). 17 pairs of videos of daily actions performed by adults were viewed by 36 typically developing children and 28 children with ASD aged 7-18 years. During the exposure phase, they watched two videos of the same action (forward and backward) presented successively, before looking at these two videos in competition, in a second visual preference phase. During the exposure phase, all participants paid similar general attention to each of the videos. We found greater pupillary dilation for backward than forward actions in both groups, but significantly less in the ASD group. In the visual preference phase, both groups showed significantly greater looking times for backward actions over forward ones, with no difference between groups. If TD children perceived the kinematics of the backward videos as violating their expectations given the strong perception/action coupling they had already built over that action, on the contrary, the lower increased in pupil dilation found in ASD children could reflect altered perception/action coupling. This study confirms the validity of looking time and pupil dilation as behavioral and physiological markers that could be used in a 10-mn eye-tracking test to explore perception/action coupling in childhood and in ASD.Lay summaryPeople with ASD often have difficulty understanding the actions of others. The fine understanding of actions requires a coupling between the action we observe, and its representation stored in our memory. This process might be challenged in autism. Here we used a 10-mn eye-tracking test to explore perception/action coupling in ASD. Participants were watching videos of daily actions. Looking time and pupil dilation were measured while participants watched videos of daily actions, and were found to be relevant indexes.