bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From threat to safety: Instructed reversal of defensive reactions
Authors: Costa Vincent D. , Bradley Margaret M. , Lang Peter J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCues that signal the possibility of receiving an electric shock reliably induce defensive activation. To determine whether cues can also easily reverse defensive reactions, a threat reversal paradigm was developed in which a cue signaling threat of shock reversed its meaning across the course of the study. This allowed us to contrast defensive reactions to threat cues that became safe cues, with responses to cues that continued to signal threat or safety. Results showed that, when participants were instructed that a previously threatening cue now signaled safety, there was an immediate and complete attenuation of defensive reactions compared to threat cues that maintained their meaning. These findings highlight the role that language can play both in instantiating and attenuating defensive reactions, with implications for understanding emotion regulation, social communication, and clinical phenomena.
Gonadotropin‐induced Puberty Does Not Impair Reproductive Performance of Gilts over Three Parities
Authors: Eckhardt OHO , Martins SMMK , Pinese ME , Horta FC , Rosseto AC , Torres MA , De Andrade AFC , Muro BBD , Marino CT , Rodrigues PHM , Moretti AS 
Published: September 2014

ContentsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of three parities of gilts treated or not treated with gonadotropin to induce puberty. Sixty gilts received 600 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) followed by 2.5 mg of porcine luteinizing hormone (LH) 72 h later. Fifty‐nine other gilts were exposed only to a mature boar for 15 min twice daily. Artificial insemination (AI) was performed at 0, 12 and 24 h after the detection of oestrus, and gestation was confirmed by ultrasound after 35 days. Sows were inseminated at the first post‐weaning oestrus. The total numbers of piglets born, piglets born alive, stillborn, mummified foetuses, as well as pregnancy and farrowing rates were evaluated for each of the three parities. Culling rates, farrowing intervals and weaning‐to‐oestrous intervals (WEI) were also analysed. Mean age at puberty and oestrous manifestation were not significantly different between treatments (p = 0.0639; 179.20 ± 17.52 compared with 173.96 ± 16.94, 91.66% compared with 94.92%) across the experimental period. However, females that underwent puberty induction showed modest increases both in the number of total pigs born and in the number of piglets born alive. In conclusion, puberty induction through exogenous gonadotropin administration in field conditions did not induce a more concentrated first oestrous manifestation, but trended to a modest increase in the number of pigs born alive in the first parity and a reduced culling rate during the first gestation.
Joint Analysis of Longitudinal and Survival Data Measured on Nested Timescales by Using Shared Parameter Models: An Application to Fecundity Data
Authors: McLain Alexander C. , Sundaram Rajeshwari , Buck Louis Germaine M. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryWe consider the joint modelling, analysis and prediction of a longitudinal binary process and a discrete time-to-event outcome. We consider data from a prospective pregnancy study, which provides day level information regarding the behaviour of couples attempting to conceive. Reproductive epidemiologists are particularly interested in developing a model for individualized predictions of time to pregnancy (TTP). A couple's intercourse behaviour should be an integral part of such a model and is one of the main focuses of the paper. In our motivating data, the intercourse observations are a long series of binary data with a periodic probability of success and the amount of available intercourse data is a function of both the menstrual cycle length and TTP. Moreover, these variables are dependent and observed on different, and nested, timescales (TTP is measured in menstrual cycles whereas intercourse is measured on days within a menstrual cycle) further complicating its analysis. Here, we propose a semiparametric shared parameter model for the joint modelling of the binary longitudinal data (intercourse behaviour) and the discrete survival outcome (TTP). Further, we develop couple-based dynamic predictions for the intercourse profiles, which in turn are used to assess the risk for subfertility (i.e. TTP longer than six menstrual cycles).
Telescoping of Sheaths—An Easy Technique To Facilitate the Removal of a Stuck Ruptured Transluminal Angioplasty Balloon
Authors: Sequeira Adrian , Artikov Shukhrat 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBalloon rupture during angioplasty is an uncommon event. The ruptured balloon usually is removed through its introducer sheath without any problems. However, there may be occasions when a ruptured balloon cannot be withdrawn from an access. We describe a simple technique that can be used to extricate a stuck ruptured angioplasty balloon.
An improved and validated RNA HLA class I SBT approach for obtaining full length coding sequences
Authors: Gerritsen K. E. H. , Olieslagers T. I. , Groeneweg M. , Voorter C. E. M. , Tilanus M. G. J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe functional relevance of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I allele polymorphism beyond exons 2 and 3 is difficult to address because more than 70% of the HLA class I alleles are defined by exons 2 and 3 sequences only. For routine application on clinical samples we improved and validated the HLA sequence‐based typing (SBT) approach based on RNA templates, using either a single locus‐specific or two overlapping group‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications, with three forward and three reverse sequencing reactions for full length sequencing. Locus‐specific HLA typing with RNA SBT of a reference panel, representing the major antigen groups, showed identical results compared to DNA SBT typing. Alleles encountered with unknown exons in the IMGT/HLA database and three samples, two with Null and one with a Low expressed allele, have been addressed by the group‐specific RNA SBT approach to obtain full length coding sequences. This RNA SBT approach has proven its value in our routine full length definition of alleles.
Provider perspectives on the enabling environment required for skilled birth attendance: a qualitative study in western Nepal
Authors: Morgan Alison , Jimenez Soto Eliana , Bhandari Gajananda , Kermode Michelle 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesIn Nepal, where difficult geography and an under‐resourced health system contribute to poor health care access, the government has increased the number of trained skilled birth attendants (SBAs) and posted them in newly constructed birthing centres attached to peripheral health facilities that are available to women 24 h a day. This study describes their views on their enabling environment.MethodsQualitative methods included semi‐structured interviews with 22 SBAs within Palpa district, a hill district in the Western Region of Nepal; a focus group discussion with ten SBA trainees, and in‐depth interviews with five key informants.ResultsParticipants identified the essential components of an enabling environment as: relevant training; ongoing professional support; adequate infrastructure, equipment and drugs; and timely referral pathways. All SBAs who practised alone felt unable to manage obstetric complications because quality management of life‐threatening complications requires the attention of more than one SBA.ConclusionsMaternal health guidelines should account for the provision of an enabling environment in addition to the deployment of SBAs. In Nepal, referral systems require strengthening, and the policy of posting SBAs alone, in remote clinics, needs to be reconsidered to achieve the goal of reducing maternal deaths through timely management of obstetric complications.
Successful use of eculizumab for treatment of an acute hemolytic reaction after ABO‐incompatible red blood cell transfusion
Authors: Weinstock Christof , Möhle Robert , Dorn Christiane , Weisel Katja , Höchsmann Britta , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Kanz Lothar 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundTransfusion of ABO major–incompatible red blood cells (RBCs) can activate the complement system and can cause severe and even lethal acute hemolytic reactions. The activation of the complement system with formation of C3a and C5a (anaphylatoxins) and the release of hemoglobin from the lysed RBCs are thought to mediate clinical signs like fever, hypotension, pain, and acute renal failure. Therapeutic inhibition of the complement cascade in case of ABO‐incompatible RBC transfusion would be desirable to ameliorate the signs and symptoms and to improve the outcome of the reaction.Study Design and MethodsA patient with blood group B was erroneously transfused with a unit of group A2 RBCs. Within 1 hour after transfusion she received eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds to the complement component C5 and blocks its cleavage. Clinical and immunohematologic observations are reported here.ResultsHemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria were present for several hours after transfusion, but she developed no hypotension, no renal failure, and no disseminated intravascular coagulation. As shown by flow cytometry, group A cells survived in the peripheral blood for more than 75 days. No immunoglobulin G was detectable by column agglutination technique on these cells.ConclusionA low isoagglutinin titer and blood group A2 of the erroneously transfused cells most likely were the reason for the absence of clinical signs during and immediately after the ABO‐incompatible transfusion. In the further course, eculizumab successfully protected the incompatible RBCs from hemolysis for several weeks.
Stereovision to MR image registration for cortical surface displacement mapping to enhance image‐guided neurosurgery
Authors: Fan Xiaoyao , Ji Songbai , Hartov Alex , Roberts David W. , Paulsen Keith D. 
Published: September 2014

Purpose:A surface registration method is presented to align intraoperative stereovision (iSV) with preoperative magnetic resonance (pMR) images, which utilizes both geometry and texture information to extract tissue displacements as part of the overall process of compensating for intraoperative brain deformation in order to maintain accurate neuronavigational image guidance during surgery.Methods:A sum‐of‐squared‐difference rigid image registration was first executed to detect lateral shift of the cortical surface and was followed by a mutual‐information‐based block matching method to detect local nonrigid deformation caused by distention or collapse of the cortical surface. Ten (N = 10) surgical cases were evaluated in which an independent point measurement of a dominant cortical surface feature location was recorded with a tracked stylus in each case and compared to its surface‐registered counterpart. The full three‐dimensional (3D) displacement field was also extracted to drive a biomechanical brain deformation model, the results of which were reconciled with the reconstructed iSV surface as another form of evaluation.Results:Differences between the tracked stylus coordinates of cortical surface features and their surface‐registered locations were 1.94 ± 0.59 mm on average across the ten cases. When the complete displacement map derived from surface registration was utilized, the resulting images generated from mechanical model updates were consistent in terms of both geometry (1–2 mm of model misfit) and texture, and were generated with less than 10 min of computational time. Analysis of the surface‐registered 3D displacements indicate that the magnitude of motion ranged from 4.03 to 9.79 mm in the ten patient cases, and the amount of lateral shift was not related statistically to the direction of gravity (p = 0.73 ≫ 0.05) or the craniotomy size (p = 0.48 ≫ 0.05) at the beginning of surgery.Conclusions:The iSV–pMR surface registration method utilizes texture and geometry information to extract both global lateral shift and local nonrigid movement of the cortical surface in 3D. The results suggest small differences exist in surface‐registered locations when compared to positions measured independently with a coregistered stylus and when the full iSV surface was aligned with model‐updated MR. The effectiveness and efficiency of the registration method is also minimally disruptive to surgical workflow.
A multiscale adaptive mask method for rigid intraoperative ultrasound and preoperative CT image registration
Authors: Zhang Zhijun , Liu Feng , Tsui Hungtat , Lau Yunwong , Song Xubo 
Published: September 2014

Purpose:Rigid registration of intraoperative ultrasound (US) and preoperative CT image is important for providing real‐time guidance during operations. However, due to the low spatial and temporal resolutions and the dissimilarity between US and CT, accurate registration of CT and US images is still a challenging problem.Methods:The authors propose an adaptive‐mask‐based CT and US registration method. The registration is initialized by matching the image regions of CT and US with intensity distinctiveness. The registration is a multistage iterative process in which the US region mask is adaptively updated. Each stage is an interleaving process of optimizing a global similarity energy and updating the mask of US by selecting high saliency and local statistical dependency regions.Results:Performances of their proposed method and mutual information (MI) based method are validated with simulated, in vitro phantom and real patient datasets. Results show that their method has larger capture range in all datasets. The estimated transformation parameters in their method are more accurate than the mutual information based method.Conclusions:By using an adaptively updated mask of the US image, regions with salient intensity information and high intensity correlation with CT are included in the registration. Regions which have low correlation with CT such as artifacts are excluded in the registration so that the robustness and accuracy of the intensity‐based registration method are improved.
Validation of simplified dosimetry approaches in 89 Zr‐PET/CT: The use of manual versus semi‐automatic delineation methods to estimate organ absorbed doses
Authors: Makris N. E. , van Velden F. H. P. , Huisman M. C. , Menke C. W. , Lammertsma A. A. , Boellaard R. 
Published: September 2014

Purpose:Increasing interest in immuno‐positron emission tomography (PET) studies requires development of dosimetry methods which will provide accurate estimations of organ absorbed doses. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate simplified dosimetry approaches for 89Zirconium‐PET (Zr‐PET)/computed tomography (CT) studies.Methods:Five patients with advanced colorectal cancer received 37.1 ± 0.9 MBq 89Zr‐cetuximab within 2 h after administration of a therapeutic dose of 500 mg m−2 cetuximab. PET/CT scans were obtained 1, 24, 48, 94, and 144 h post injection. Volumes of interest (VOIs) were manually delineated in lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys for all scans, providing a reference VOI set. Simplified manual VOIs were drawn independently on CT scans using larger voxel sizes. The transformation of VOIs based on rigid and/or nonrigid registrations of the first CT scan (CT1) onto all successive CT scans was also investigated. The transformation matrix obtained from each registration was applied to the manual VOIs of CT1 to obtain VOIs for the successive scans. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance were used to assess the performance of the registrations. Organ total activity, organ absorbed dose, and effective dose were calculated for all methods.Results:Semi‐automatic delineation based on nonrigid registration showed excellent agreement for lungs and liver (DSC: 0.90 ± 0.04; 0.81 ± 0.06) and good agreement for spleen and kidneys (DSC: 0.71 ± 0.07; 0.66 ± 0.08). Hausdorff distance ranged from 13 to 16 mm depending on the organ. Simplified manual delineation methods, in liver and lungs, performed similarly to semi‐automatic delineation methods. For kidneys and spleen, however, poorer accuracy in total activity and absorbed dose was observed, as the voxel size increased. Organ absorbed dose and total activity based on nonrigid registration were within 10%. The effective dose was within ±3% for all VOI delineation methods.Conclusions:A fast, semi‐automatic, and accurate delineation method based on nonrigid registration was developed for determination of organ absorbed and effective dose in 89Zr‐PET/CT studies which may also be applied to other long‐lived radionuclide PET/CT studies.
A cluster randomised controlled trial of a brief couple-focused psychoeducational intervention to prevent common postnatal mental disorders among women: study protocol
Authors: Rowe Heather , Wynter Karen , Lorgelly Paula , Amir Lisa H , Ranasinha Sanjeeva , Proimos Jenny , Cann Warren , Hiscock Harriet , Bayer Jordana , Burns Joanna , Ride Jemimah , Bobevski Irene , Fisher Jane 
Published: September 2014

IntroductionPostnatal common mental disorders among women are an important public health problem internationally. Interventions to prevent postnatal depression have had limited success.What Were We Thinking (WWWT)is a structured, gender-informed, psychoeducational group programme for parents and their first infant that addresses two modifiable risks to postnatal mental health. This paper describes the protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial to test the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness ofWWWTwhen implemented in usual primary care.Methods and analysis48 maternal and child health (MCH) centres from six diverse Local Government Areas, in Victoria, Australia are randomly allocated to the intervention group (usual care plusWWWT) or the control group (usual care). The required sample size is 184 women in each group. English-speaking primiparous women receiving postpartum healthcare in participating MCH centres complete two computer-assisted telephone interviews: baseline at 4 weeks and outcome at 6 months postpartum. Women attending intervention MCH centres are invited to attendWWWTin addition to usual care. The primary outcome is meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria for major depressive episode; generalised anxiety disorder; panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia with or without panic, social phobia, adult separation anxiety or adjustment disorder with depressed mood, anxiety or mixed depressed mood and anxiety within the past 30 days at 6 months postpartum. Secondary outcomes are self-rated general and emotional health, infant sleep problems, method of infant feeding, quality of mother–infant relationship and intimate partner relationship, and healthcare costs and outcomes.Ethics and disseminationApproval to conduct the study has been granted. A comprehensive dissemination plan has been devised.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613000506796.UTNU1111-1125-8208.
Prevalence, causes and consequences of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue in emergency care: a mixed-methods study of UK NHS Consultants
Authors: Dasan Sunil , Gohil Poonam , Cornelius Victoria , Taylor Cath 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo estimate prevalence and explore potential causes and consequences of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue in UK emergency medicine consultants.MethodsA sequential mixed-methods design. Cross-sectional e-survey to all UK NHS emergency medicine consultants (n=1317) including Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) (compassion satisfaction/fatigue), followed by interviews with consultants scoring above (n=6) and below (n=6) predefined ProQOL thresholds.Results681 (52%) consultants responded. Most (98%) reported at least ‘average’ compassion satisfaction. Higher scores were associated with type of workplace (designated trauma centres faring better) and number of years worked as a consultant (gradually worsen over time, except 20 years onwards when it improves). Consultants with lower (worse) compassion satisfaction scores were more likely to report being irritable with patients or colleagues and reducing their standards of care (a third reported these behaviours at least monthly) and were more likely to intend to retire early (59% had such plans). Key features distinguishing ‘satisfied’ from ‘fatigued’ interviewed consultants included having strategies to deal with the high work intensities associated with their role and having positive views of the team within which they worked. The degree of variety in their roles and the ability to maintain empathy for their patients were also distinguishing features between these groups.ConclusionsFindings support an urgent review of workforce and resources in emergency medicine and suggest that a multifactorial approach to identification, prevention and treatment of occupational stress in the workforce is required that considers individual, job and organisational factors, particularly those that impact on perceived control and support at work.
Activity-Based Resource Allocation for Motion Estimation Engines
Authors: Imran Naveed , Ashraf Rizwan A. , Lee Jooheung , DeMara Ronald F. 
Published: September 2014

An architecture proof-of-concept which adapts the throughput datapath based on the anticipation of computational demand in dynamic environments is demonstrated and evaluated for a motion estimation (ME) engine. The input signal characteristics are exploited to anticipate the time varying computational complexity as well as to instantiate dynamic replicas (DRs) to realize fault-resilience. The scheme employs amorphous processing elements (APEs) which either perform as active elements (AEs) to maintain quality/throughput, serve as DRs to increase reliability levels, or hibernate passively as reconfigurable slack (RS) available to other tasks. Experimental results from a hardware platform for field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based video encoding demonstrate power efficiency and fault-tolerance of the ME engine. A significant reduction in power consumption is achieved ranging from 83% for low-motion-activity scene's to 12.5% for high motion activity video scenes. The scenes motion activity is utilized to improve redundancy for the purpose of priority based diagnosis of the computing modules. In addition, a graceful degradation strategy is developed to recover from hard errors by adapting the search range of candidate motion vectors (MVs). This adaptive hardware scheme is shown to automatically demote the faulty resources in FPGA devices based on streaming performance.
A SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS FOR BREAST DISPLACEMENT BY VARYING MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Authors: AGHAJANI ATEFEH , RAHIMI MAHAN , HAGHPANAHI MOHAMMAD 
Published: September 2014

In the quasi-static ultrasound breast elastography, the simulated displacement greatly influence the results. The breast modeling requires certain mechanical parameters for generating the simulated displacements. However, there are wide ranges of data in the existing literature for the breast mechanical parameters. Therefore, the sensitivity analysis of displacement to the changes of mechanical parameters worths a particular attention.In this paper we construct a three-dimensional (3D) breast model using magnetic resonance images. The constitutive equations corresponding to both linear elastic and hyperelastic (nonlinear) mechanical behaviors are considered. Then, two series of finite element analysis are performed in order to investigate how the changes of mechanical parameters of the fat and fibroglandular tissues may influence the displacement. The obtained results demonstrate that the displacement are generally less sensitive in the hyperelastic modeling (to the changes of material properties) than they are in the linear elastic modeling. Furthermore, the breast deformation is more influenced by the changes of material properties of fat part than the fibroglandular part.