bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving motor performance: Selected aspects of augmented feedback in exercise and health
Authors: Lauber Benedikt , Keller Martin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAugmented feedback (AF) can play an important role when learning or improving a motor skill. As research dealing with AF is broad and diverse, the purpose of this review is to provide the reader with an overview of the use of AF in exercise, motor learning and injury prevention research with respect to how it can be presented, its informational content and the limitations. The term ‘augmented’ feedback is used because additional information provided by an external source is added to the task‐intrinsic feedback that originates from a person's sensory system. In recent decades, numerous studies from various fields within sport science (exercise science, sports medicine, motor control and learning, psychology etc.) have investigated the potential influence of AF on performance improvements. The first part of the review gives a theoretical background on feedback in general but particularly AF. The second part tries to highlight the differences between feedback that is given as knowledge of result and knowledge of performance. The third part introduces studies which have applied AF in exercise and prevention settings. Finally, the limitations of feedback research and the possible reasons for the diverging findings are discussed. The focus of this review lies mainly on the positive influence of AF on motor performance. Underlying neuronal adaptations and theoretical assumptions from learning theories are addressed briefly.
Sexual dimorphism in size, age, maturation, and growth characteristics of boarfish (Capros aper) in the Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Hüssy Karin , Coad Julie Olivia , Farrell Edward D. , Clausen Lotte W. , Clarke Maurice W. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Hüssy, K., Coad, J. O., Farrell, E. D., Clausen, L. W., and Clarke, M. W. 2012. Sexual dimorphism in size, age, maturation, and growth characteristics of boarfish (Capros aper) in the Northeast Atlantic – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1729–1735. Boarfish (Capros aper) have, in recent years, become of increasing commercial importance due to their apparent increase in abundance in the Northeast Atlantic. This study presents detailed biological information relevant to understanding stock structure and dynamics. Boarfish are a long-lived species that reach a maximum age of >30 years. The size distribution is skewed towards larger sizes, as expected from an unexploited stock with sexual dimorphism, where females are, on average, larger than males. No seasonal effects occur in size distribution and sex ratio, indicating that females and males stay together in shoals throughout the year. Females become increasingly dominant in abundance at larger sizes and older ages. There is no significant difference in length at maturity nor age at maturity between the two sexes, with L50 = 9.7 cm and A50 = 3.4 years. Growth is dimorphic following von Bertalanffy growth characteristics, with a common t0 = –2.897, but significantly different K and Linf values, where females have K = 0.145 and Linf = 16.519 and males have K = 0.181 and Linf = 14.437. The sexual dimorphism in size is thus caused by sex-specific growth and longevity patterns.
Effect of Grain Protein Concentration on Falling Number of Ungerminated Soft White Winter Wheat
Authors: Ross Andrew S. , Flowers Michael D. , Zemetra Robert S. , Kongraksawech Teepakorn 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTFalling number (FN) values below 300 sec in the apparent absence of preharvest sprouting are periodically observed in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (USPNW). Wheat in the USPNW is predominantly soft‐grained and often grown under conditions conducive to low grain protein concentration (GPC). Our hypothesis is that low GPC per se could be responsible for some low FN results and not elevated α‐amylase from either sprouting or late‐maturity amylase. The relationship between FN and GPC was investigated using grain from the 2011 wheat harvest. Soft white winter wheat samples from six locations in Oregon were tested in duplicate. Across the entire sample set, FN and GPC were positively correlated (r = 0.65, P ≤ 0.001). When putatively sprouted samples (FN < 280 sec) were removed from the analysis, the correlation was still apparent (r = 0.69, P ≤ 0.001). Hardness index was also correlated with FN (r = 0.45, P ≤ 0.001). Our preliminary conclusion is that GPC can be a substantial modulator of FN in the putative absence of elevated amylase in soft white winter wheat grown in the USPNW.
Deep Impact of Ultrasound in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Manno Emilpaolo , Navarra Mauro , Faccio Luciana , Motevallian Mohsen , Bertolaccini Luca , Mfochivè Abdou , Pesce Marco , Evangelista Andrea 
Published: September 2012

Background
Ultrasound can influence the diagnosis and impact the treatment plan in critical patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether, without encountering major environment- or patient-related limitations, ultrasound examination under a critical care ultrasonography protocol can be performed to detect occult anomalies, to prompt urgent changes in therapy or induce further testing or interventions, and to confirm or modify diagnosis.

Methods
One hundred and twenty-five consecutive patients admitted to a general intensive care unit were assessed under a critical care ultrasonography protocol, and the data were analyzed prospectively. Systematic ultrasound examination of the optic nerve, thorax, heart, abdomen, and venous system was performed at the bedside.

Results
Environmental conditions hampered the examination slightly in 101/125 patients (80.8%), moderately in 20/125 patients (16%), and strongly in 4/125 patients (3.2%). Ultrasonographic findings modified the admitting diagnosis in 32/125 patients (25.6%), confirmed it in 73/125 patients (58.4%), were not effective in confirming or modifying it in 17/125 patients (13.6%), and missed it in 3/125 patients (2.4%). Ultrasonographic findings prompted further testing in 23/125 patients (18.4%), led to changes in medical therapy in 22/125 patients (17.6%), and to invasive procedures in 27/125 patients (21.6%).

Conclusions
In this series of patients consecutively admitted to an intensive care unit, ultrasound examination revealed a high prevalence of unsuspected clinical abnormalities, with the highest number of new ultrasound abnormalities detected in patients with septic shock. As part of rapid global assessment of the patient on admission, our ultrasound protocol holds potential for improving healthcare quality.
Rapid evolution of sex frequency and dormancy as hydroperiod adaptations
Authors: Smith H. A. , Snell T. W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDormancy can serve as an adaptation to persist in variable habitats and often is coupled with sex. In cyclically parthenogenetic rotifers, an asexual phase enables rapid population growth, whereas sex results in diapausing embryos capable of tolerating desiccation. Few studies have experimentally tested whether sex–dormancy associations in temporary waters reflect evolution in response to the short hydroperiod selecting for diapause ability. Here, we demonstrate evolution of higher propensity for sex and dormancy in ephemeral rotifer cultures mimicking temporary ponds, and lower propensity in permanent cultures. Results are consistent with rapid evolution, with evolutionary changes occurring in a short timeframe (385 days, ≤ 84 generations). We also provide insight into mechanisms for rapid evolution in basal metazoans, discussing potential roles of new mutations, recombination and clonal selection.
Are the national orthopaedic thromboprophylaxis guidelines appropriate?
Authors: Mirkazemi Corinne , Bereznicki Luke R. , Peterson Gregory M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundTo identify enablers and barriers to thromboprophylaxis prescribing following hip and knee arthroplasty, from the perspective of orthopaedic surgeons.MethodsAn invitation to participate in an online survey was distributed electronically to Arthroplasty Society of Australia members (n = 103). The survey collected demographic details, thromboprophylaxis attitudes and clinical practice of the orthopaedic surgeons, and explored their familiarity with contemporary national and international guidelines.ResultsTwenty‐five surgeons (24%) completed the survey, all male with a median of 20 years of practice as orthopaedic surgeons (range: 8–27 years). Most surgeons (92%) practised predominantly in the private sector, and conducted both hip and knee arthroplasties each month. While all surgeons prescribed chemoprophylaxis following arthroplasty, most surgeons (64%) were uncertain to what extent it would prevent fatal pulmonary embolism (PE). The pharmacological agents of choice were low molecular weight heparin (48%) and aspirin (44%). One‐third of surgeons were not familiar with the National Health and Medical Research Council recommendations for thromboprophylaxis in hip and knee arthroplasty patients. After reviewing a summary of the recommendations, most surgeons (80%) indicated they were inappropriate, commonly citing that they were grounded on an insufficient evidence base and should include aspirin as a sole chemoprophylaxis option.ConclusionThere are clearly strong barriers to the translation of current thromboprophylaxis guidelines into practice. Many surgeons doubt the effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis to prevent fatal PE, perceive the risk of venous thromboembolism following surgery to be low, are unfamiliar with current national guidelines or believe the guidelines are grounded on inappropriate evidence.
Shared Genomic Segment Analysis: The Power to Find Rare Disease Variants
Authors: Knight Stacey , Abo Ryan P. , Abel Haley J. , Neklason Deborah W. , Tuohy Therese M. , Burt Randall W. , Thomas Alun , Camp Nicola J. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryShared genomic segment (SGS) analysis uses dense single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping in high‐risk (HR) pedigrees to identify regions of sharing between cases. Here, we illustrate the power of SGS to identify dominant rare risk variants. Using simulated pedigrees, we consider 12 disease models based on disease prevalence, minor allele frequency and penetrance to represent disease loci that explain 0.2–99.8% of total disease risk. Pedigrees were required to contain ≥15 meioses between all cases and to be HR based on significant excess of disease (P < 0.001 or P < 0.00001). Across these scenarios, the power for a single pedigree ranged widely. Nonetheless, fewer than 10 pedigrees were sufficient for excellent power in the majority of models. Power increased with the risk attributable to the disease locus, penetrance and the excess of disease in the pedigree. Sharing allowing for one sporadic case was uniformly more powerful than sharing using all cases. Furthermore, an SGS analysis using a large attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis pedigree identified a 1.96 Mb region containing the known causal APC gene with genome‐wide significance. SGS is a powerful method for detecting rare variants and a valuable complement to genome‐wide association studies and linkage analysis.
Discovery of new antagonists aimed at discriminating UII and URP‐mediated biological activities: insight into UII and URP receptor activation
Authors: Chatenet D , Létourneau M , Nguyen QT , Doan ND , Dupuis J , Fournier A 
Published: September 2012

Background and PurposeRecent evidence suggested that urotensin II (UII) and its paralog peptide UII‐related peptide (URP) might exert common but also divergent physiological actions. Unfortunately, none of the existing antagonists were designed to discriminate specific UII‐ or URP‐associated actions, and our understanding, on how these two endogenous peptides can trigger different, but also common responses, is limited.Experimental ApproachEx vivo rat and monkey aortic ring contraction as well as dissociation kinetics studies using transfected CHO cells expressing the human urotensin (UT) receptors were used in this study.Key ResultsEx vivo rat and monkey aortic ring contraction studies revealed the propensity of [Pep4]URP to decrease the maximal response of human UII (hUII) without any significant change in potency, whereas no effect was noticeable on the URP‐induced vasoconstriction. Dissociation experiments demonstrated the ability of [Pep4]URP to increase the dissociation rate of hUII, but not URP. Surprisingly, URP, an equipotent UII paralog, was also able to accelerate the dissociation rate of membrane‐bound 125I‐hUII, whereas hUII had no noticeable effect on URP dissociation kinetics. Further experiments suggested that an interaction between the glutamic residue at position 1 of hUII and the UT receptor seems to be critical to induce conformational changes associated with agonistic activation. Finally, we demonstrated that the N‐terminal domain of the rat UII isoform was able to act as a specific antagonist of the URP‐associated actions.ConclusionSuch compounds, that is [Pep4]URP and rUII(1–7), should prove to be useful as new pharmacological tools to decipher the specific role of UII and URP in vitro but also in vivo.
Neurogenic mucosal bicarbonate secretion in guinea pig duodenum
Authors: Fei G , Fang X , Wang GD , Liu S , Wang XY , Xia Y , Wood JD 
Published: September 2012

Background and PurposeTo test a hypothesis that: (i) duodenal pH and osmolarity are individually controlled at constant set points by negative feedback control centred in the enteric nervous system (ENS); (ii) the purinergic P2Y1 receptor subtype is expressed by non‐cholinergic secretomotor/vasodilator neurons, which represent the final common excitatory pathway from the ENS to the bicarbonate secretory glands.Experimental ApproachUssing chamber and pH‐stat methods investigated involvement of the P2Y1 receptor in neurogenic stimulation of mucosal bicarbonate (HCO3−) secretion in guinea pig duodenum.Key ResultsATP increased HCO3− secretion with an EC50 of 160 nM. MRS2179, a selective P2Y1 purinergic receptor antagonist, suppressed ATP‐evoked HCO3− secretion by 47% and Cl− secretion by 63%. Enteric neuronal blockade by tetrodotoxin or exposure to a selective vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, VPAC1) receptor antagonist suppressed ATP‐evoked HCO3− secretion by 61 and 41%, respectively, and Cl‐ by 97 and 70% respectively. Pretreatment with the muscarinic antagonist, scopolamine did not alter ATP‐evoked HCO3− or Cl− secretion.Conclusion and ImplicationsWhereas acid directly stimulates the mucosa to release ATP and stimulate HCO3− secretion in a cytoprotective manner, neurogenically evoked HCO3− secretion accounts for feedback control of optimal luminal pH for digestion. ATP stimulates duodenal HCO3− secretion through an excitatory action at purinergic P2Y1 receptors on neurons in the submucosal division of the ENS. Stimulation of the VIPergic non‐cholinergic secretomotor/vasodilator neurons, which are one of three classes of secretomotor neurons, accounts for most, if not all, of the neurogenic secretory response evoked by ATP.
For the Win! The Effect of Professional Sports Records on Mayoral Elections
Authors: Miller Michael K. 
Published: September 2012

ObjectiveVoters are more likely to reelect incumbents when political outcomes are positive. Although most scholars assume this is because voters explicitly credit politicians for good outcomes, this article investigates whether some voters simply opt for the status quo when they feel happy.MethodsTo distinguish these two voting models, I propose professional sports records as a proxy for electorate happiness unrelated to political performance. I test the impact of sports performance on incumbent mayoral elections in 39 American cities from 1948 to 2009.ResultsWinning sports records boost incumbents’ vote totals and likelihoods of reelection, exceeding in magnitude the effect of variation in unemployment. In contrast, sports records following elections display no such relationship.ConclusionRetrospective voting is partly driven by feelings of happiness unrelated to political appraisal. However, I argue that the implications for democratic accountability are not as dire as many authors claim.
The Desmoteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke (DIAS) Clinical Trial Program
Authors: Kummer Rüdiger von , Albers Gregory W , Mori Etsuro ,   on behalf of the DIAS Steering Committees†
Published: September 2012

Background Desmoteplase is a novel, highly fibrin-specific thrombolytic agent in phase III of clinical development. In comparison to alteplase, it has high fibrin selectivity, is associated with minimal or no neurotoxicity, and has no apparent negative effect on the blood–brain barrier. The safety and efficacy of desmoteplase is being studied in the Desmoteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke clinical trial program. Three studies (Dose Escalation Study of Desmoteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke, Desmoteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke, and Desmoteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke-2) have been completed, two large randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trials are ongoing at >200 sites worldwide (Desmoteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke-3 and Desmoteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke-4, n = 800; DIAS-3 and DIAS-4), and a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation phase II trial is ongoing in Japan (Desmoteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke-Japan, n = 48; DIAS-J). Aims The objective of DIAS-3 and DIAS-4 is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single IV bolus injection of 90 μg/kg desmoteplase given three- to nine-hours after onset of ischemic stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 4–24, age 18–85 years). The objective of DIAS-J is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of desmoteplase 70 and 90 μg/kg three- to nine-hours after ischemic stroke onset in Japanese patients. Methods Patients are included with occlusion or high-grade stenosis (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 0–1) in proximal cerebral arteries on magnetic resonance or computed tomography angiography but excluded with extended ischemic edema on computed tomography or diffusion-weighted imaging. Conclusion Desmoteplase is the only thrombolytic agent in late-stage development for acute ischemic stroke that is now tested in patients with proven stroke pathology. The results of the Desmoteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke clinical trial program will show whether patients with major artery occlusions but not extended ischemic brain damage can be safely and effectively treated up to nine-hours after onset.
The role of postoperative positioning after DSAEK in preventing graft dislocation
Authors: Sæthre Marit , Drolsum Liv 
Published: September 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  The aim of the study was to evaluate the importance of immediate postoperative supine patient positioning after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).Methods:  Forty eyes from 40 patients who underwent DSAEK were randomized into two groups: 20 patients sat in a chair for 2 hr postoperatively (group 1), and 20 patients were placed in a supine position (group 2) for the same time interval. At the end of surgery, the anterior chamber was fully filled with air, aiming at an intraocular pressure (IOP) of approximately 20 mmHg. The dislocation rate in the two groups was registered. IOP was measured 2 hr postoperatively and compared with endothelial cell loss at 6 months.Results:  There was no statistically significant difference in the dislocation rate between the two groups (p = 0.548): two patients (10%) in group 1 and one patient (5%) in group 2. Endothelial cell loss at 6 months was 29.6% and 29.7% in group 1 and 2, respectively. There was no correlation between the IOP 2 hr after surgery and endothelial cell loss at 6 months (p = 0.741).Conclusion:  Supine positioning does not seem to be of crucial importance in avoiding graft dislocation in DSAEK when the anterior chamber is fully filled with air for 2 hr postoperatively.
Perceived value congruence and team innovation
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca , Parker Vicki , Giles Michelle , Joyce Pauline , Chiang Vico 
Published: September 2012

This article develops and tests a model of perceived value congruence effects on team innovation and explores a contingent‐mediated pathway explaining this relationship. Survey data from 346 members of 75 health care teams support a significant relationship between value congruence and innovation. The study data indicate that one of the mechanisms through which perceived value congruence facilitates the generation of novel ideas is through the development of team identification. This mechanism is contingent, however, on the extent to which members focus on profession as a salient social category. Our data support a moderated mediation pathway in which the effect of value congruence is explained through team identification and its interactive effect on innovation.Practitioner Points

Highlights to organizations, particularly in the health care industry, the importance of perceived value congruence in generating innovative team outcomes, and reinforces the merit of strategies to develop perceived congruence through, for example, leadership and interprofessional education.
Reinforces the value to leaders tasked with innovation of heightening member awareness of professional diversity and associated knowledge differences, within an overarching framework of shared values.
Teasing, depression and unhealthy weight control behaviour in obese children
Authors: Madowitz J. , Knatz S. , Maginot T. , Crow S. J. , Boutelle K. N. 
Published: September 2012

Summary
What is already known about this subject
Overweight children are teased more than normal weight children.
Weight‐related teasing can come from a variety of sources.
Weight‐related teasing is associated with depression and disordered eating.

What this study adds
Overweight children who experience peer teasing have higher levels of depression and unhealthy weight control behaviours than those who are not teased by peers.
Overweight children who are bothered by weight‐related teasing have higher levels of depression than those who are not bothered by weight‐related teasing.
BackgroundData were taken from 80 obese children (mean age = 10.03 years; mean body mass index = 27.37; %white = 29.37%; %female = 58.8%). Self‐report surveys were used to collect data on rates of depressive symptoms, unhealthy weight control behaviours (UWCBs), teasing, sources of teasing and how much the teasing bothered the child.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate relationships between weight‐related teasing and UWCBs and depression in obese children. Teasing by peers and/or family, negative feelings due to teasing, frequency of teasing, and number of teasing sources reported and associations with UWCBs and depression were analysed.MethodsLogistical and linear regressions were used to evaluate relationships between the teasing variables, depression and UWCBs, controlling for age and gender.ResultsResults indicated that children teased by other children have significantly higher levels of depression (B = 6.1 [SE = 2.3]) and are five times more likely to engage in UWCBs (OR = 5.1 [CI = 1.5–17.4]). Children who endorsed that teasing by peers bothered them had significantly higher levels of depression (B = 2.3 [SE = 0.8]). The frequency of weight‐related teasing was significantly associated with depression (B = 2.5 [SE = 0.8]), as was the number of teasing sources (B = 4.6 [SE = 1.5]). No significant relationships were found between familial teasing and depression or UWCBs.ConclusionsWeight‐related teasing, especially by other children, was associated with negative psychosocial measures in these obese children. Interventions are needed to reduce teasing, and longitudinal studies are recommended to understand the impact of teasing over time.