bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The challenge of predicting temperature effects on short‐term predator–prey dynamics
Authors: Abbott Karen C. , Harmon Jason P. , Fabina Nicholas S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractUnderstanding how interacting species respond to changing temperatures is complicated because both inter‐ and intraspecific processes can be temperature‐dependent, and because the dynamics of interest often occur over short time scales. While efforts to document and integrate inter‐ and intraspecific effects are ongoing, few broad conclusions have emerged. Here, we use a simple structured predator–prey model to explore whether some such conclusions can be reached with incomplete knowledge about initial population sizes or about how temperature alters predation rates. We find that, despite strong sensitivity of quantitative predictions to the model's details, qualitative predictions for how predator–prey communities respond to temperature may still be possible. As a case study, we ask whether biological control of the herbivorous insect pea aphid will be strengthened or weakened by increasing temperatures. Our empirically derived parameter estimates suggest biological control will be strengthened, but we caution that this result is not inevitable given what we currently know about the effects of temperature in this system. Our work highlights the complex interaction between inter‐ and intraspecific effects of temperature in ecological communities.
Theory and contents of frictional mechanics
Authors: Huang Ping , Yang Qianqian 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we first discuss the development of the field of tribology, and highlight some of the main problems encountered in this area, such as lack of systematicness, loose correlation, and inadequate focus on the microscopic perspective. Then, we provide basic formulas of frictional mechanics while considering the friction effect on classical mechanics formulae. In order to carry out the frictional mechanics analysis, we first classify the interface. According to the size analysis of surface films, the manufacturing roughness of the surface, the contact width, and the roller radius of the rolling contact bearing, frictional mechanics has the features of interface mechanics, while interfaces are classified based on the presence or absence of a medium. Based on the classification, we further analyze the pressure and frictional stress of sliding and rolling friction problems without a medium, such as a slider, wedge key, and V belt. We also analyze problems with a medium, such as journal and rolling contact bearings. By comparing these results with those of classical mechanics without considering friction, we see that (1) friction causes deviations in the result for classical mechanics which does not consider friction, and (2) if the frictional stress and normal pressure affect each other, their interaction should be considered simultaneously. Finally, we summarize the friction problems, namely, sliding and rolling, with and without a medium, and deformed and non-deformed. From our analysis, we propose two conclusions. First, the frictional mechanics problem is a deviation of the classical mechanics problem, and secondly, frictional stress and normal pressure influence each other.
Prevalence and knowledge of heavy menstrual bleeding among African American women
Authors: Marsh Erica E. , Brocks Maureen E. , Ghant Marissa S. , Recht Hannah S. , Simon Melissa 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess self‐reported prevalence, knowledge, and health literacy regarding heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) among African American women.MethodsA quantitative cross‐sectional survey study was conducted. An original survey was developed and distributed to a convenience sample of African American women aged 18–60 years at a community fair in a large city in the Midwestern region of the USA.ResultsOf the 274 surveys distributed, 247 were returned, 193 of which met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 163 (84.5%) participants demonstrated adequate health literacy; however, 168 (87.0%) answered fewer than 8 of 15 knowledge questions correctly. Although 75 (38.9%) women reported seeing a clinician for HMB, 89 (46.1%) believed that there was nothing that they could do to prevent it from occurring.ConclusionThe present study found that the proportion of HMB among participants was higher than the nationwide prevalence. However, a gap existed in knowledge of HMB among the women surveyed. The study findings indicate an opportunity for community‐based education to raise awareness of HMB, its associated clinical presentations, and available treatment modalities.
Prenatal diagnosis of Prader–Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome for fetuses with suspicious deletion of chromosomal region 15q11‐q13
Authors: Chang Chia‐Wei , Hsu Hui‐Kuo , Kao Chiu‐Ching , Huang Jyun‐Yuan , Kuo Pao‐Lin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo identify Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) among fetuses with suspicious deletion of the chromosomal region 15q11‐q13.MethodsIn a retrospective study, data were assessed from fetuses missing chromosomal band 15q12 that underwent molecular diagnosis at the National Chen‐Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, between January 2001 and December 2012. Amniocytes were subjected to molecular testing, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, methylation‐specific PCR (M‐PCR), and methylation‐specific multiplex‐ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MS‐MLPA).ResultsDuring the 12‐year study period, 26 041 amniocyte samples were analyzed at the study center and 27 (0.1%) were found to have a missing 15q12 band. A further 16 samples with a missing 15q12 band were received from other cytogenetic laboratories; as a result, 43 amniocyte samples lacking chromosomal band 15q12 underwent further molecular testing. Among these samples, 3 fetuses (7.0%) were found to have PWS (n = 1) or AS (n = 2).ConclusionA minority of cases with missing 15q12 had deletion of the PWS/AS critical region. This finding draws attention to the subtle structural rearrangements that occur on 15q11‐q13 and provides useful information for prenatal diagnosis of PWS and AS.
Midline versus transverse incision for cesarean delivery in low‐income countries
Authors: Maaløe Nanna , Aabakke Anna J.M. , Secher Niels J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWhile transverse incision is the recommended entry technique for cesarean delivery in high‐income countries, it is our experience that midline incision is still used routinely in many low‐income settings. Accordingly, international guidelines lack uniformity on this matter. Although evidence is limited, the literature suggests important advantages of the transverse incision, with lower risk of long‐term disabilities such as wound disruption and hernia. Also, potential extra time spent on this incision appears not to impact neonatal outcome. Therefore, we suggest that it is time for a change in guidelines for low‐income settings in which resources are limited for treating complications that may be life threatening.
Cerclage retention versus removal following preterm premature rupture of membranes and association with amniotic fluid markers
Authors: Aguin Eduardo , Van De Ven Cosmas , Cordoba Marcos , Albayrak Samet , Bahado‐Singh Ray 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether amniotic fluid markers can aid the decision of whether to retain or remove a cervical cerclage after preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).MethodsA retrospective cohort study included pregnancies involving PPROM after diagnostic amniocentesis and cerclage placement. Cerclage was retained for more than 12 hours after PPROM in the study group (n = 18); the comparison group comprised women who underwent immediate cerclage removal after PPROM (n = 22). Analyses were performed using concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐6, glucose, and white blood cells (WBCs) in the amniotic fluid to measure relationships with adverse outcomes.ResultsThe latency period from PPROM to delivery was significantly shorter in the group that underwent immediate cerclage removal (P < 0.005). Latency periods of more than 48 hours (P < 0.001) and more than 7 days (P < 0.01), and chorioamnionitis (P < 0.05) were associated with cerclage retention. Neonatal outcomes were not significantly different between the study group and the comparison group. However, elevated IL‐6 levels were associated with cumulative neonatal morbidity (P < 0.05). Low IL‐6 (P < 0.001) and WBC (P < 0.05) levels were significantly associated with a latency period of more than 7 days.ConclusionAmniotic fluid levels of IL‐6 and WBCs may be of clinical value for individualizing the management of patients with PPROM after cerclage.
Maternal hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Darling Anne Marie , Liu Enju , Aboud Said , Urassa Willy , Spiegelman Donna , Fawzi Wafaie 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate maternal glucose levels during pregnancy as a predictor of adverse perinatal outcomes in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.MethodsRandom blood glucose measurements were analyzed from 3383 pregnant women enrolled in a randomized trial to assess the impact of multivitamins on pregnancy outcomes in Dar es Salaam between August 2001 and July 2004. Information on maternal and neonatal morbidity was recorded at monthly study visits, delivery, and 6 weeks postpartum. Binomial regression and generalized estimating equations were used to determine the relationship between elevated glucose (> 7.8 mmol/L) and pregnancy outcomes.ResultsIn total, 25 women had elevated glucose (0.7%). Hyperglycemia was associated with an increased risk of delivery before 37 weeks [relative risk (RR), 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–4.13; P = 0.03), delivery before 34 weeks (RR, 4.15; 95% CI, 1.43–12.03, P = 0.009), incident gestational hypertension (RR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.24–6.76; P = 0.01), low birth weight (RR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.18–6.99; P = 0.02), reduced newborn head circumference (mean difference, −1.57; 95% CI, −2.51 to − 0.62; P = 0.001), and fetal loss (RR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.13–10.08; P = 0.03).ConclusionMaternal hyperglycemia is uncommon among pregnant Tanzanian women, but nonetheless seems to increase the risk of several adverse perinatal outcomes.
Connective AlgebraicK-theory
Authors: Dai Shouxin , Levine Marc 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe examine the theory of connective algebraicK-theory,, defined by taking the −1 connective cover of algebraicK-theory with respect to Voevodsky's slice tower in the motivic stable homotopy category. We extendto a bi-graded oriented duality theorywhen the base scheme is the spectrum of a fieldkof characteristic zero. The homology theorymay be viewed as connective algebraicG-theory. We identifyforXa finite typek-scheme with the image ofin, whereis the abelian category of coherent sheaves onXwith support in dimension at mostn; this agrees with the (2n,n) part of the theory of connective algebraicK-theory defined by Cai. We also show that the classifying map from algebraic cobordism identifieswith the universal oriented Borel-Moore homology theoryhaving formal group lawu+υ−βuυwith coefficient ring ℤ[β]. As an application, we show that every pure dimensiondfinite typek-scheme has a well-defined fundamental class [X]CKin ΩdCK(X), and this fundamental class is functorial with respect to pull-back for l.c.i. morphisms.
Cyclic multicategories, multivariable adjunctions and mates
Authors: Cheng Eugenia , Gurski Nick , Riehl Emily 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA multivariable adjunction is the generalisation of the notion of a 2-variable adjunction, the classical example being the hom/tensor/cotensor trio of functors, ton+ 1 functors ofnvariables. In the presence of multivariable adjunctions, natural transformations between certain composites built from multivariable functors have “dual” forms. We refer to corresponding natural transformations as multivariable or parametrised mates, generalising the mates correspondence for ordinary adjunctions, which enables one to pass between natural transformations involving left adjoints to those involving right adjoints. A central problem is how to express the naturality (or functoriality) of the parametrised mates, giving a precise characterization of the dualities so-encoded.We present the notion of “cyclic double multicategory” as a structure in which to organise multivariable adjunctions and mates. While the standard mates correspondence is described using an isomorphism of double categories, the multivariable version requires the framework of “double multicategories”. Moreover, we show that the analogous isomorphisms of double multicategories give a cyclic action on the multimaps, yielding the notion of “cyclic double multicategory”. The work is motivated by and applied to Riehl's approach to algebraic monoidal model categories.
Endocrine taste cells
Authors: Kokrashvili Zaza , Yee Karen K. , Ilegems Erwin , Iwatsuki Ken , Li Yan , Mosinger Bedrich , Margolskee Robert F. 
Published: January 2014

In taste cells, taste receptors, their coupled G proteins and downstream signalling elements mediate the detection and transduction of sweet, bitter and umami compounds. In some intestinal endocrine cells, taste receptors and gustducin contribute to the release of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and other gut hormones in response to glucose and non-energetic sweeteners. Conversely, taste cells have been found to express multiple hormones typically found in intestinal endocrine cells, e.g. GLP-1, glucagon, somatostatin and ghrelin. In the present study, by immunohistochemistry, multiple subsets of taste cells were found to express GLP-1. The release of GLP-1 from ‘endocrine taste cells’ into the bloodstream was examined. In wild-type mice, even after oesophagectomy and vagotomy, oral stimulation with glucose induced an elevation of GLP-1 levels in the bloodstream within 10 min. Stimulation of taste cell explants from wild-type mice with glucose led to the release of GLP-1 into the medium. Knocking out of the Tas1r3 gene did not eliminate glucose-stimulated GLP-1 release from taste cells in vivo. The present results indicate that a portion of the cephalic-phase rise in circulating GLP-1 levels is mediated by the direct release of GLP-1 from taste cells into the bloodstream.
Soup consumption is associated with a lower dietary energy density and a better diet quality in US adults
Authors: Zhu Yong , Hollis James H. 
Published: January 2014

Epidemiological studies have revealed that soup consumption is associated with a lower risk of obesity. Moreover, intervention studies have reported that soup consumption aids in body-weight management. However, little is known about mechanisms that can explain these findings. The objective of the present study was to investigate associations between soup consumption and daily energy intake, dietary energy density (ED), nutrient intake and diet quality. Adults aged 19–64 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys during 2003–8 were included in the study. Soup consumers were identified from the first dietary recall using the United States Department of Agriculture food codes and combination food type from the dietary data. Compared with non-consumers (n9307), soup consumers (n1291) had a lower body weight (P= 0·002), a lower waist circumference (P= 0·001) and a trend towards a lower total energy intake (P= 0·087). Soup consumption was associated with a lower dietary ED (P< 0·001); this was independent of whether data on beverage or water consumption were included. Diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2005, was significantly better in soup consumers (P= 0·008). Soup consumption was also associated with a reduced intake of total fat and an increased intake of protein, carbohydrate and dietary fibre, as well as several vitamins and minerals (P< 0·05 for all). However, it was also associated with a higher intake of Na (P< 0·001). The relationship between soup consumption and body weight could be due to a reduced dietary ED and an improved diet quality. Consumers need to pay attention to their Na intake and choose low-Na products for a healthier diet.
Mediterranean diet impact on changes in abdominal fat and 10-year incidence of abdominal obesity in a Spanish population
Authors: Funtikova Anna N. , Benítez-Arciniega Alejandra A. , Gomez Santiago F. , Fitó Montserrat , Elosua Roberto , Schröder Helmut 
Published: January 2014

Abdominal obesity is a strong predictor of metabolic disorders. Prospective data on the association between the Mediterranean diet and surrogate markers of abdominal adiposity are scarce. The present study evaluated the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and (1) changes in waist circumference (WC) and (2) 10-year incidence of abdominal obesity. We conducted a prospective, population-based study in 3058 male and female Spaniards aged 25–74 years, followed from 2000 to 2009. Dietary intake and leisure-time physical activity levels were recorded using validated questionnaires. Weight, height and WC were measured. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, determined using the previously validated REGICOR-Mediterranean diet score (R-MDS), based on the distribution of population food intake and on the dietary recommendations (MDS-rec), was negatively associated with WC gain (P= 0·007 and 0·024, respectively) in fully adjusted models. In the multivariate logistic analysis, the odds of abdominal obesity incidence decreased across the tertiles of the R-MDS, but the association was not significant. In conclusion, adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower abdominal fat gain, but not with 10-year incidence of abdominal obesity.
Modeling of contact pressure distribution and friction limit surfaces for soft fingers in robotic grasping
Authors: Bakhy Sadeq Hussein 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYA new theory in contact pressure distribution and friction limit surfaces for modeling of hemicylindrical soft fingertips is introduced, to define the relationship between friction force and the moment with respect to the normal axis of contact. A general pressure-distribution function is proposed to capture material properties and contact geometry with various pressure profiles, and the coefficient of pressure distribution over the rectangular contact area is found between π and π/2. Combining the results of the contact mechanics model with the contact pressure distribution, the normalized friction limit surface can be derived for anthropomorphic soft fingers. The numerical friction limit surface of hemicylindrical soft-finger contact can be approximated by an ellipse, with the major and minor axes as the maximum friction force and the maximum moment with respect to the normal axis of contact, respectively. The results show that the friction limit surfaces are improved (13%–17%), if hemicylindrical fingertips are used rather than hemispherical fingertips at the same radius of fingertip, shape factor of the pressure profile, and applied load. Furthermore, the results of the contact mechanics model and the pressure distribution for soft fingers facilitate the construction of numerical friction limit surfaces, enabling to analyze and simulate the contact behaviors of grasping and manipulation in humanoid robots, prosthetic hands, and robotic hands.
Regulator of modular units and Mahler measures
Authors: ZUDILIN WADIM 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe present a proof of the formula, due to Mellit and Brunault, which evaluates an integral of the regulator of two modular units to the value of the L-series of a modular form of weight 2 at s=2. Applications of the formula to computing Mahler measures are discussed.
Effects of meteorological factors on scrub typhus in a temperate region of China
Authors: YANG L. P. , LIU J. , WANG X. J. , MA W. , JIA C. X. , JIANG B. F. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYScrub typhus is emerging and re-emerging in many areas: climate change may affect its spread. To explore the effects of meteorological factors on scrub typhus, monthly cases of scrub typhus from January 2006 to December 2012 in the Laiwu district of temperate northern China were analysed. We examined the correlations between scrub typhus and meteorological factors (and their delayed effects). We built a time-series adjusted negative binomial model to reflect the relationships between climate variables and scrub typhus cases. The key determinants of scrub typhus transmission were temperature, relative humidity and precipitation. Each 1°C increase in monthly average temperature in the previous 3 months, each 1% increase in monthly relative humidity in the previous 2 months and each 1 mm increase in monthly precipitation in the previous 3 months induced 15·4%, 12·6% and 0·7% increases in the monthly number of cases, respectively. In conclusion, scrub typhus is affected by climate change in temperate regions.
The effects of high meltwater on the limnology of Lake Fryxell and Lake Hoare, Taylor Valley, Antarctica, as shown by dissolved gas, tritium and chlorofluorocarbons
Authors: Dowling Carolyn B. , Poreda Robert J. , Lyons W. Berry 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSmall changes in the availability of liquid water can have profound effects on the water levels, aqueous chemistry and biogeochemical dynamics of the closed-basin, perennially ice-covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. We have compiled the published and unpublished data on dissolved gas, tritium and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) for Lake Fryxell and Lake Hoare to determine the effects of a high meltwater year (2001–02 summer) on the lakes. The dissolved gas, tritium and CFC data indicate that the pulse of freshwater that flowed onto the surfaces of the lakes did not mix extensively with the upper water column. At the bottom of Lake Hoare, the measurable CFC and lower dissolved gas values suggest that the recent meltwater may have mixed with bottom waters. The probable mechanism for this transportation is weak density currents withc. 0.1–1.5% surface water being transported downwards in Lake Hoare. This deep water input, while not constant, may have a significant effect on the chemistry of the bottom waters in Lake Hoare over time. In Lake Fryxell, the tritium and CFC data indicate that the recent meltwater did not significantly affect the bottom water chemistry; therefore, weak density currents may not be present in Lake Fryxell.
Longitudinal investigation of the role of temperament and stressful life events in childhood anxiety
Authors: Broeren Suzanne , Newall Carol , Dodd Helen F. , Locker Ruth , Hudson Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe current study investigated the longitudinal relationships among behavioral inhibition (BI), life events, and anxiety in a sample of 102 BI children and 100 behaviorally uninhibited (BUI) children aged 3 to 4 years. Children's parents completed questionnaires on BI, stressful life events, and anxiety symptoms, and were administered a diagnostic interview three times in a 5-year period. In line with our hypotheses, negative life events, particularly negative behavior-dependent life events (i.e., life events that are related to the children's own behaviors), and the impact of negative life events were predictive of increases in subsequent anxiety symptoms, the likelihood of having an anxiety disorder, and increased number of anxiety diagnoses over the 5-year follow-up period. Experiencing more positive, behavior-independent life events decreased the risk of being diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Furthermore, differences were found in life events between BI and BUI children. That is, BI children experienced fewer positive and specifically positive behavior-dependent life events, and the impact of these positive life events was also lower in BI children than in BUI children. However, BI did not interact with life events in the prediction of anxiety problems as hypothesized. Therefore, this study seems to indicate that BI and life events act as additive risk factors in the development of anxiety problems.