bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and crosslinking kinetic study of epoxidized and acrylated/epoxidized oligoisoprenes: Comparison between cationic and radical photopolymerization
Authors: Jellali Rachid , Campistron Irène , Laguerre Albert , Lecamp Laurence , Pasetto Pamela , Bunel Claude , Mouget Jean‐Luc , Pilard Jean‐François 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe photoinitiated polymerization of epoxidized hydroxytelechelic cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene and of a dual system (epoxidized/acrylated) telechelic cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene in the presence of 2,2‐dimethyl‐1,2‐hydroxyacetophenone or/and hexafluoro‐phosphate triarylsulfonium salt has been studied by real‐time infrared spectroscopy. The synthesis of photosensitives oligoisoprenes was achieved by chemical modifications of hydroxytelechelic cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene obtained by controlled degradation of high molecular weight cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene. Then, the effect of light intensity, photoinitiator concentration, addition of reactive diluent and concentration of functional groups on the photopolymerization process was evaluated. Concerning the cationic process, the results showed that the kinetic profile improves when photoinitiator concentration and light intensity increase. The optimum concentration of triarylsulfonium salt used as photoinitiator was determined as 5% (w/w) and the optimum light intensity was 50 mW cm−2. Reactive diluent (3‐ethyl‐3‐hydroxymethyl oxetane) addition greatly improves the ultimate conversion and the polymerization rate. Subsequently, the photopolymerization kinetic of a dual epoxidized/acrylated system was studied. The results obtained using different photoinitiator mixtures and different intensity of irradiation showed that the crosslinking of acrylate functions at the chain‐end prevents the progression of the cationic process at the oxirane groups along the chain. Thus, the mobility of the cationic reactive centers was restricted by the crosslinking at the high conversion of the acrylate double bonds. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Exploring the Myth of Nascent Hydrogen and its Implications for Biomass Conversions
Authors: Fábos Viktória , Yuen Alexander K. L. , Masters Anthony F. , Maschmeyer Thomas 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIron (and to a lesser extent manganese) in the wall of a 316 stainless steel (SS) reactor is responsible for the hydrogenation of cyclohexanone to cyclohexanol when using an aqueous formic acid solution under high temperature and pressure water (HTPW) conditions. However, not only dilute formic acid but also aqueous solutions of several other organic and mineral acids in the presence of iron are active in this reaction covering a range of aldehydes and ketones, even under ambient conditions. The stoichiometry, kinetics, and the possible mechanisms of both dihydrogen production as well as of the hydrogenation of the model compound cyclohexanone were examined. The reduction is essentially stoichiometric with respect to metallic iron, and the conversions are highly dependent on the speed of stirring as well as temperature and reactant concentrations. Importantly, it is established unequivocally that water participates in dihydrogen gas formation (hydrogen atoms originate from both the acid and water molecules) and facilitates substrate reduction.
Pharmacological and pathophysiological roles of carnitine/organic cation transporters (OCTNs: SLC22A4, SLC22A5 and Slc22a21)
Authors: Tamai Ikumi 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe carnitine/organic cation transporter (OCTN) family consists of three transporter isoforms, i.e. OCTN1 (SLC22A4) and OCTN2 (SLC22A5) in humans and animals and Octn3 (Slc22a21) in mice. These transporters are physiologically essential to maintain appropriate systemic and tissue concentrations of carnitine by regulating its membrane transport during intestinal absorption, tissue distribution and renal reabsorption. Among them, OCTN2 is a sodium‐dependent, high‐affinity transporter of carnitine, and a functional defect of OCTN2 due to genetic mutation causes primary systemic carnitine deficiency (SCD). Since carnitine is essential for beta‐oxidation of long‐chain fatty acids to produce ATP, OCTN2 gene mutation causes a range of symptoms, including cardiomyopathy, skeletal muscle weakness, fatty liver and male infertility. These functional consequences of Octn2 gene mutation can be seen clearly in an animal model, jvs mouse, which exhibits the SCD phenotype. In addition, although the mechanism is not clear, single nucleotide polymorphisms of OCTN1 and OCTN2 genes are associated with increased incidences of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and asthma. OCTN1 and OCTN2 accept cationic drugs as substrates and contribute to intestinal and pulmonary absorption, tissue distribution (including to tumour cells), and renal excretion of these drugs. Modulation of the transport activity of OCTN2 by externally administered drugs may cause drug‐induced secondary carnitine deficiency. Rodent Octn3 transports carnitine specifically, particularly in male reproductive tissues. Thus, the OCTNs are physiologically, pathologically and pharmacologically important. Detailed characterization of these transporters will greatly improve our understanding of the pathology associated with common diseases caused by functional deficiency of OCTNs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The promise and challenges of stem cell‐based therapies for skeletal diseases
Authors: Diederichs Solvig , Shine Kristy M. , Tuan Rocky S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDespite decades of research, remaining safety concerns regarding disease transmission, heterotopic tissue formation, and tumorigenicity have kept stem cell‐based therapies largely outside the standard‐of‐care for musculoskeletal medicine. Recent insights into trophic and immune regulatory activities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), although incomplete, have stimulated a plethora of new clinical trials for indications far beyond simply supplying progenitors to replenish or re‐build lost/damaged tissues. Cell banks are being established and cell‐based products are in active clinical trials. Moreover, significant advances have also been made in the field of pluripotent stem cells, in particular the recent development of induced pluripotent stem cells. Their indefinite proliferation potential promises to overcome the limited supply of tissue‐specific cells and adult stem cells. However, substantial hurdles related to their safety must be overcome for these cells to be clinically applicable.
Improving journal club: Increasing student discussion and understanding of primary literature in molecular biology through the use of dialectical notes
Authors: McDonough Virginia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractReading the primary literature in a journal club format is an excellent practice where undergraduate students can develop their abilities in experimental data analysis and critical thinking, learn about new ideas and methods, and gain a foothold in scientific discourse. However, students are not familiar with the format, writing style, and depth of knowledge assumed when first reading journal articles. This can inhibit class discussion. To alleviate this problem, the author has instituted the use of dialectical notes in journal club, so that students fully engage the article. This novel use of a strategy borrowed from humanities has improved class participation. © 2012 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Carbon Nanotubes: A Promising Catalyst Support Material for Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass Waste
Authors: de Vlieger Dennis J. M. , Thakur Digvijay B. , Lefferts Leon , Seshan K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSupercritical water (SCW) as a reaction medium is especially promising for the production of renewable chemicals from biomass. Stability issues of catalyst support materials in SCW are a major setback for these reactions and hinder the further development and industrial exploitation of this technique. The development of stable catalytic support materials for reactions in SCW is, therefore, of great importance. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely recognized for their significant physical and chemical stability, high heat conductivity, and open structure. These properties have already been explored for different applications. We show that CNTs are a promising stable catalyst support material for reactions in SCW. As an illustration of the applicability of CNTs in SCW, we demonstrate the efficiency of Pt‐CNTs as catalysts for the production of hydrogen by reforming of ethylene glycol and acetic acid in SCW.
Added cancer yield of breast magnetic resonance imaging screening in women with a prior history of chest radiation therapy
Authors: Freitas Vivianne , Scaranelo Anabel , Menezes Ravi , Kulkarni Supriya , Hodgson David , Crystal Pavel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Recommendation for breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening for women with a prior history of chest radiation is currently based on expert opinion, because existing data are very scant. The objective of this study was to evaluate added cancer yield of screening breast MRI in this population.METHODS:A retrospective review identified 98 women with a prior history of chest radiation therapy who had screening mammography and screening MRI performed at the authors' institution between January 2004 and July 2010. Medical records of these patients and results of 558 screening studies (296 mammograms and 262 MRI) were reviewed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and added cancer yield were calculated.RESULTS:Malignancy was diagnosed in 13 patients, invasive cancer was diagnosed in 10 patients, and ductal carcinomas in situ was diagnosed in 3 patients. The median latency from completion of radiation to detection of the breast cancer was 18 years (range, 8‐37 years). Of the 13 cancers, 12 (92%) were detected by MRI, and 9 (69%) by mammography. For mammography, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 69%, 98%, 82%, and 95%, respectively; and, for MRI, these values were 92%, 94%, 71%, and 99%, respectively. In 4 of 98 patients, cancer was diagnosed on MRI only, resulting in an incremental cancer detection rate of 4.1% (95% confidence interval, 1.6%‐10%).CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that MRI is a useful adjunct modality for screening high‐risk women who have a prior history of chest radiation therapy, resulting in a 4.1% (4 of 98 women) added cancer detection rate. The authors concluded that both MRI and mammography should be used to screen women in this high‐risk group. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Molecular characterization of prosomeric and intraprosomeric subdivisions of the embryonic zebrafish diencephalon
Authors: Lauter Gilbert , Söll Iris , Hauptmann Giselbert 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDuring development of the early neural tube, positional information provided by signaling gradients is translated into a grid of transverse and longitudinal transcription factor expression domains. Transcription factor specification codes defining distinct histogenetic domains within this grid are evolutionarily conserved across vertebrates and may reflect an underlying common vertebrate bauplan. When compared to the rich body of comparative gene expression studies of tetrapods, there is considerably less comparative data available for teleost fish. We used sensitive multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization to generate a detailed map of regulatory gene expression domains in the embryonic zebrafish diencephalon. The high resolution of this technique allowed us to resolve abutting and overlapping gene expression of different transcripts. We found that the relative topography of gene expression patterns in zebrafish was highly similar to those of orthologous genes in tetrapods and consistent with a three‐prosomere organization of the alar and basal diencephalon. Our analysis further demonstrated a conservation of intraprosomeric subdivisions within prosomeres 1, 2, and 3 (p1, p2, and p3). A tripartition of zebrafish p1 was identified reminiscent of precommissural (PcP), juxtacommissural (JcP), and commissural (CoP) pretectal domains of tetrapods. The constructed detailed diencephalic transcription factor gene expression map further identified molecularly distinct thalamic and prethalamic rostral and caudal domains and a prethalamic eminence histogenetic domain in zebrafish. Our comparative gene expression analysis conformed with the idea of a common bauplan for the diencephalon of anamniote and amniote vertebrates from fish to mammals. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:1093–1118, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recovery of Ionic Liquids with Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems Induced by Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Xiong Dazhen , Wang Huiyong , Li Zhiyong , Wang Jianji 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRecovery is a very important factor for the industrial application of ionic liquids (ILs). In this work, a novel method is presented for the recovery of ILs by using carbon dioxide (CO2)‐induced formation of aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPSs). It was found that, in the presence of amines, introduction of CO2 into aqueous IL solutions leads to the formation of ATPSs at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure, in which the upper phase is ammonium‐salt‐rich and the lower phase is IL‐rich. Thus, the ILs in aqueous solutions can be significantly enriched, and the amines can be regenerated by heating and bubbling Ar or N2 in the salt‐rich phase. To better understand the recovery of ILs, the phase diagrams of the ATPSs were measured at 25 °C, and the effects of the molecular structure of the ILs and the amines and temperature of the systems on the recovery efficiency of the ILs were investigated. It was shown that the single‐step recovery efficiency of the ILs could be as high as 99 % in the presence of primary or secondary amines. Therefore, this new method could potentially be sustainable, efficient, and attractive to industry.
Adaptive call admission control in 3GPP LTE networks
Authors: Zarai Faouzi , Ali Khitem Ben , Obaidat Mohammad S. , Kamoun Lotfi 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYIn this article, we propose new methods to reduce the handoff blocking probability in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution wireless networks. This reduction is based on an adaptive call admission control scheme that provides QoS guarantees and gives the priority of handoff call over new call in admission. The performance results of the proposed schemes are compared with other competing methods using simulation analysis. Simulation results show the major impact on the performance of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution network, which is reflected in increased resource utilization ratio to (99%) and in the ability in satisfying the requirements of QoS in terms of call blocking probability (less than 0.0628 for Voice over IP service) and dropping probability rate (less than 0.0558).Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrodeposition of Catechol on Glassy Carbon Electrode and Its Electrocatalytic Activity Toward NADH Oxidation
Authors: Maleki Abbas , Nematollahi Davood , Clausmeyer Jan , Henig Jörg , Plumeré Nicolas , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCatechol can be oxidized electrochemically to its corresponding o‐benzoquinone. The electrogenerated quinone can be deposited by cycling the potential at the surface of glassy carbon electrodes. We have studied the electrochemical features of films derived from catechol by cyclic voltammetry. The electrodeposited film shows stable reversible redox response, dependent on pH as anticipated for quinone/catechol functionalities. Glassy carbon electrodes covered with a film derived from catechol exhibit catalytic activity in the electrooxidation of NADH at a low potential. The catalytic current is proportional to the concentration of NADH over the range 0.02–0.34 mM.
Nonlinear sloshing in a floating‐roofed oil storage tank under long‐period seismic ground motion
Authors: Matsui Tetsuya , Nagaya Takashi 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTA hybrid analytical and FEM is proposed to investigate the nonlinear sloshing in a floating‐roofed oil storage tank under long‐period seismic ground motion. The tank is composed of a rigid cylindrical wall and a flat bottom, whereas the floating roof is treated as an elastic plate undergoing large deflection. The contained liquid is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible, and the flow is assumed to be irrotational. The method of analysis is based on representation of the liquid motion by superposing the analytical modes that satisfy the Laplace equation and the rigid wall and bottom boundary conditions. The FEM is then applied to solve the remaining kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions at the moving liquid surface coupled with the nonlinear equation of motion of the floating roof. This requires only the discretization of the liquid surface and the floating roof into finite elements, thus leading to a computationally efficient and accurate method compared with full numerical analysis. As numerical examples to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method, two oil storage tanks with single‐deck type floating roofs damaged during the 2003 Tokachioki earthquake are studied. It is shown that the nonlinear oscillation modes with the circumferential wave numbers 0, 2 and 3 caused by the finite liquid surface elevation as well as the membrane action due to large deflection of the deck produce excessively large stresses in the pontoon, which may cause the catastrophic failure of pontoon followed by the submergence of the roof. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Body Dissatisfaction in Women Across the Lifespan: Results of the UNC‐SELF and Gender and Body Image (GABI) Studies
Authors: Runfola Cristin D. , Von Holle Ann , Trace Sara E. , Brownley Kimberly A. , Hofmeier Sara M. , Gagne Danielle A. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTo explore age differences in current and preferred silhouette and body dissatisfaction (current − preferred silhouette discrepancy) in women aged 25–89 years using figural stimuli [range: 1 (very small) to 9 (very large)]. Data were abstracted from two online convenience samples (N = 5868). t‐tests with permutation‐adjusted p‐values examined linear associations between mean silhouette scores (current, preferred, discrepancy score) and age with/without stratification by body mass index (BMI). Modal current silhouette was 5; modal preferred silhouette was 4; mean discrepancy score was 1.8. There was no significant association between current silhouette and age, but a positive linear association between preferred silhouette and age remained after stratification by BMI. A significant inverse linear association of silhouette discrepancy score and age was found only prior to stratification by BMI. Body dissatisfaction exists in women across the adult life span and is influenced by BMI. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Comparing the performance of empirical black‐box models for river flow forecasting in the Heihe River Basin, Northwestern China
Authors: He Zhibin , Zhao Wenzhi , Liu Hu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFor many practical reasons, the empirical black‐box models have become an increasingly popular modelling tool for river flow forecasting, especially in mountainous areas where very few meteorological observatories exist. In this article, precipitation data are used as the only input to estimate river flow. Using five empirical black‐box models—the simple linear model, the linear perturbation model, the linearly varying gain factor model, the constrained nonlinear system model and the nonlinear perturbation model–antecedent precipitation index—modelling results are compared with actual results in three catchments within the Heihe River Basin. The linearly varying gain factor model and the nonlinear perturbation model yielded excellent predictions. For better simulation accuracy, a commonly used multilayer feed‐forward neural network model (NNM) was applied to incorporate the outputs of the individual models. Comparing the performance of these models, it was found that the best results were obtained from the NNM model. The results also suggest that more reliable and precise predictions of river flow can be obtained by using the NNM model while also incorporating the combined outputs of different empirical black‐box models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrologic impact of regional climate change for the snow‐fed and glacier‐fed river basins in the Republic of Tajikistan: statistical downscaling of global climate model projections
Authors: Kure S. , Jang S. , Ohara N. , Kavvas M. L. , Chen Z. Q. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractClimate change due to global warming is a public concern in Central Asia. Because of specific orography and climate conditions, the republic of Tajikistan is considered as the main glacial center of Central Asia. In this study, regional climate change impacts in the two large basins of Tajikistan, Pyanj and Vaksh River basins located in the upstream sector of the Amu Darya River basin are analysed. A statistical regression method with model output statistics corrections using the ground observation data, Willmott archived dataset and GSMaP satellite driven dataset, was developed and applied to the basins to downscale the Global Climate Model Projections at a 0.1‐degree grid and to assess the regional climate change impacts at subbasin scale. It was found that snow and glacier melting are of fundamental importance for the state of the future water resources and flooding at the target basins since the air temperature had a clearly increasing trend toward the future. It was also found that the snowfall will decrease, but the rainfall will increase because of the gradual increase in the air temperature. Such changes may result in an increase in flash floods during the winter and the early spring, and in significant changes in the hydrological regime during a year in the future. Furthermore, the risks of floods in the target basins may be slightly increasing because of the increase in the frequencies and magnitudes of high daily precipitation and the increase in the rapid snowmelt with high air temperatures toward the future. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical analyses and modeling approaches to hydrodynamic characteristics in alluvial aquifer
Authors: Imagawa Chie , Takeuchi Junichiro , Kawachi Toshihiko , Chono Shunsuke , Ishida Kei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study is aimed at quantifying the difference in aquifer's response to recharge between some different locations in a fan aquifer and a delta aquifer for a preliminary study of revealing mechanisms of water transport in alluvial aquifer. The aquifer's response to recharge is statistically quantified with the two viewpoints: (1) timing and volume of recharge and (2) time length of aquifer's holding water. For the first point, a statistical model that links precipitation and groundwater level is introduced, and its parameters are identified using correlation analysis. Our results show that the recharge rate at the toe is higher than that at the apex and at the delta. For the second point, the concept of ‘memory effect’ of aquifer is adopted and quantified using the autocorrelation and spectral analyses. Our results show that the memory effect is longer at the toe of fan than at the apex, and thus, a temporary increase of water level has about five times as long‐term influence on subsequent water levels at the toe of the fan as at the apex. This study demonstrates that the statistical analyses and modeling of hydrological data are useful for characterizing aquifer's hydrodynamics. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.