bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress‐induced brain histone H3 phosphorylation: contribution of the intensity of stressors and length of exposure
Authors: Rotllant David , Pastor‐Ciurana Jordi , Armario Antonio 
Published: February 2013

AbstractExpression of c‐fos is used for the characterization of brain areas activated by stressors. Recently, some epigenetic markers associated with enhanced transcription have been identified that may be also useful to detect neuronal populations important for the processing of stressors: phosphorylation of histone H3 in serine 10 or 28 (pH3S10 or pH3S28). Then, we compared in rats the response to stress of c‐fos and these epigenetic changes. More specifically, we studied the influence of the type of stressor (novel environment vs. immobilization, IMO) and the dynamics of the response to IMO. Stress increased pH3S10 positive neurons, with a more restricted pattern than that of c‐fos, both in terms of brain areas activated and number of positive neurons. Changes in pH3S10 showed a maximum at 30 min, then progressively declining in most areas in spite of the persistence of IMO. Moreover, the decline was in general more sensitive than c‐fos to the termination of IMO. The pattern of pH3S28 was even more restricted that of pH3S10, but they showed co‐localization. The present data demonstrate a more selective pattern of stress‐induced histone H3 phosphorylation than c‐fos. The factors determining such a selectivity and its biological meaning remain to be studied.
Analysis of the ferromagnetic contribution to the susceptibility by low field and high field methods in sedimentary rocks of the Southern Pyrenees and Northern Ebro foreland basin (Spain)
Authors: Anchuela Óscar Pueyo , Casas‐Sainz Antonio M. , Pueyo Emilio L. , Juan Andrés Pocoví , Imaz Andrés Gil 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMagnetic susceptibility in rocks is the sum of the contributions of different magnetic particles (paramagnetic, diamagnetic and ferromagnetic s.l.). These contributions can be measured at variable temperatures or at variable fields (hysteresis loops). Both are time‐consuming techniques that cannot be routinely used in magnetic fabrics analysis. In this study, we propose a simplified method to determine the ferro‐ and paramagnetic contributions to the susceptibility, based on the discrete measurement of susceptibility at two different fields (near 0 and 2.5 T). The results obtained in samples from the Southern Pyrenees and Ebro Basin indicate that the ferromagnetic contribution vary considerably within homogeneous susceptibility values and within the expected range of paramagnetic values. Standard bulk susceptibilities higher than 200 10−6 SI contribute significantly to the ferromagnetic fraction (>50% on average).
Characterization of the Achromobactin Iron Acquisition Operon in Sodalis glossinidius
Authors: Smith Caitlin L. , Weiss Brian L. , Aksoy Serap , Runyen-Janecky Laura J. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Sodalis glossinidius
is a facultative, extra- and intracellular symbiont found in most tissues of the tsetse fly (
Glossinia
sp.).
Sodalis
has a putative achromobactin siderophore iron acquisition system on the pSG1 plasmid. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis revealed that the achromobactin operon is transcribed as a single polycistronic molecule and is expressed when
Sodalis
is within the tsetse fly. Expression of the achromobactin operon was repressed under iron-replete conditions; in a mutant that lacks the iron-responsive transcriptional repressor protein Fur, expression was aberrantly derepressed under these iron-replete conditions, indicating that the Fur protein repressed achromobactin gene expression when iron was plentiful. A putative Fur binding site within the
Sodalis
achromobactin promoter bound Fur in
Escherichia coli
Fur titration assays. Wild-type
Sodalis
produced detectable siderophore
in vitro
, but a mutation in the putative achromobactin biosynthesis gene
acsD
eliminated detectable siderophore production in
Sodalis
. Reduced growth of the siderophore synthesis mutant was reconstituted by addition of exogenous achromobactin, suggesting the strain retains a functional siderophore transport system; however, reduced growth of a
Sodalis
ferric-siderophore outer membrane receptor mutant with a mutation in
acr
was not reconstituted by exogenous siderophore due to its defective transporter. The
Sodalis
siderophore synthesis mutant showed reduced growth in tsetse that lacked endogenous symbionts (aposymbiotic) when the flies were inoculated with
Sodalis
intrathoracically, but not when inoculated
per os
. Our findings suggest that
Sodalis
siderophores play a role in iron acquisition in certain tsetse fly tissues and provide evidence for the regulation of iron acquisition mechanisms in insect symbionts.
Campylobacter jejuni Dps Protein Binds DNA in the Presence of Iron or Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Huergo Luciano F. , Rahman Hossinur , Ibrahimovic Adis , Day Christopher J. , Korolik Victoria 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Iron is an essential cofactor for many enzymes; however, this metal can lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species. Ferritin proteins bind and oxidize Fe
2+
to Fe
3+
, storing this metal in a nonreactive form. In some organisms, a particular subfamily of ferritins, namely, Dps proteins, have the ability to bind DNA. Here we show that the
Campylobacter jejuni
Dps has DNA binding activity that is uniquely activated by Fe
2+
or H
2
O
2
at below neutral pH. The Dps-DNA binding activity correlated with the ability of Dps to self-aggregate. The Dps-DNA interaction was inhibited by NaCl and Mg
2+
, suggesting the formation of ionic interactions between Dps and DNA. Alkylation of cysteines affected DNA binding in the presence of H
2
O
2
but not in the presence of Fe
2+
. Replacement of all cysteines in
C. jejuni
Dps with serines did not affect DNA binding, excluding the participation of cysteine in H
2
O
2
sensing. Dps was able to protect DNA
in vitro
from enzymatic cleavage and damage by hydroxyl radicals. A
C. jejuni dps
mutant was less resistant to H
2
O
2
in vivo
. The concerted activation of Dps-DNA binding in response to low pH, H
2
O
2
, and Fe
2+
may protect
C. jejuni
DNA during host colonization.
Localized Immunotherapy via Liposome-Anchored Anti-CD137 + IL-2 Prevents Lethal Toxicity and Elicits Local and Systemic Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Kwong Brandon , Gai S. Annie , Elkhader Jamal , Wittrup K. Dane , Irvine Darrell J. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Immunostimulatory agonists such as anti-CD137 and interleukin (IL)-2 have elicited potent antitumor immune responses in preclinical studies, but their clinical use is limited by inflammatory toxicities that result upon systemic administration. We hypothesized that by rigorously restricting the biodistribution of immunotherapeutic agents to a locally accessible lesion and draining lymph node(s), effective local and systemic antitumor immunity could be achieved in the absence of systemic toxicity. We anchored anti-CD137 and an engineered IL-2Fc fusion protein to the surfaces of PEGylated liposomes, whose physical size permitted dissemination in the tumor parenchyma and tumor-draining lymph nodes but blocked entry into the systemic circulation following intratumoral injection. In the B16F10 melanoma model, intratumoral liposome-coupled anti-CD137 + IL-2Fc therapy cured a majority of established primary tumors while avoiding the lethal inflammatory toxicities caused by equivalent intratumoral doses of soluble immunotherapy. Immunoliposome therapy induced protective antitumor memory and elicited systemic antitumor immunity that significantly inhibited the growth of simultaneously established distal tumors. Tumor inhibition was CD8+ T-cell–dependent and was associated with increased CD8+ T-cell infiltration in both treated and distal tumors, enhanced activation of tumor antigen–specific T cells in draining lymph nodes, and a reduction in regulatory T cells in treated tumors. These data suggest that local nanoparticle-anchored delivery of immuno-agonists represents a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic window and clinical applicability of highly potent but otherwise intolerable regimens of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 73(5); 1547–58. ©2012 AACR.
The investigation of a traditional Chinese medicine, Guizhi Fuling Wan (GFW) as an intravesical therapeutic agent for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Lu Chi-Chen , Lin Mei-Yi , Chen Syue-Yi , Shen Cheng-Huang , Chen Lih-Geeng , Hsieh Hsiao-Yen , Chan Michael WY , Hsu Cheng-Da 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe high risk of recurrence faced by patients with bladder cancer has necessitated the administration of supplemental intravesical chemotherapy; however, such treatments often result in severe side effects. As a result, novel intravesical agents with enhanced efficacy and minimal toxicity are urgently required for the treatment of bladder cancer.MethodsGuizhi Fuling Wan (GFW) is a traditional Chinese medicine shown to inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma. This study evaluated the growth inhibition of GFW using normal human urothelial cells and bladder cancer cells; the efficacy of GFW treatment was further compared with mitomycin C, epirubicin, and cisplatin. We also examined the progression of cell cycle and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells in response to GFW treatment. CCK-8 was employed to analyze cell viability and flow cytometry was used to study the cell cycle and apoptosis. The mechanisms underlying GFW-induced cell cycle arrest were determined by Western blot analysis.ResultsOur data demonstrate the potent inhibitory effect of GFW in the proliferation of bladder cancer cell lines, BFTC 905 and TSGH 8301. GFW presented relatively high selectivity with regard to cancer cells and minimal toxicity to normal urothelial cells. Our results also demonstrate that GFW interferes with cell cycle progression through the activation of CHK2 and P21 and induces apoptosis in these bladder cancer cells.ConclusionsOur results provide experimental evidence to support GFW as a strong candidate for intravesicle chemotherapy against bladder cancer.
A glow of HLA typing in organ transplantation
Authors: Mahdi Batool Mutar 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe transplant of organs and tissues is one of the greatest curative achievements of this century. In organ transplantation, the adaptive immunity is considered the main response exerted to the transplanted tissue, since the main goal of the immune response is the MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecules expressed on the surface of donor cells. Cell surface molecules that induce an antigenic stimulus cause the rejection immune response to grafted tissue or organ. A wide variety of transplantation antigens have been described, including the major histocompatibility molecules, minor histocompatibility antigens, ABO blood group antigens and endothelial cell antigens. The sensitization to MHC antigens may be caused by transfusions, pregnancy, or failed previous grafts leading to development of anti‐human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies that are important factor responsible for graft rejection in solid organ transplantation and play a role in post‐transfusion complication Anti‐HLA Abs may be present in healthy individuals. Methods for HLA typing are described, including serological methods, molecular techniques of sequence‐specific priming (SSP), sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probing (SSOP), Sequence based typing (SBT) and reference strand‐based conformation analysis (RSCA) method. Problems with organ transplantation are reservoir of organs and immune suppressive treatments that used to decrease rate of rejection with less side effect and complications.
Different biokinetics of nanomedicines linking to their toxicity; an overview
Authors: Mostafalou Sara , Mohammadi Hamidreza , Ramazani Ali , Abdollahi Mohammad 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In spite of the extreme rise to the knowledge of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical sciences, there are currently limited experimental works studying the interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and the biological system. Adjustment of size and surface area plays the main role in the reaction between NPs and cells leading to their increased entrance into cells through skin, gastrointestinal and respiratory system. Moreover, change in physicochemical reactivity of NPs causes them to interact with circulatory and cellular proteins differentially leading to the altered parameters of their biokinetics, including adsorption, distribution, translocation, transformation, and elimination. A direct relationship between the surface area, reactive oxygen species generating capability, and proinflammatory effects of NPs have been found in respiratory tract toxicity. Additionally, complement-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to liposomes and other lipid-based nanodrugs have been well defined. Inhalation studies of some NPs have confirmed the translocation of inhaled materials to extra pulmonary organs such as central nervous system (CNS) via olfactory neurons and induction of inflammatory response. Injectable uncoated NPs have a tendency to remain on the injection site while the poly ethanol glycol (PEG)-coated NPs can be notably drained from the injection site to get as far as the lymph nodes where they accumulate. This confirms the existence of channels within the extracellular matrix for NPs to move along. Furthermore, induction of DNA strand breaks and formation of micronuclei have been recorded for exposure to some NPs such as single-walled carbon nanotubes.
In the recent years, most of the studies have simply outlined better efficacy of nanodrugs, but few discussed their possible toxic reactions specially if used chronically. Therefore, we emphasize that this part of the nanoscience must not be undermined and toxicologists must be sensitive to set up suitable in vivo or in vitro toxicity models. A system for collecting data about the relationships between NPs’ structure-size-efficacy-toxicity (SSET) should be specified with special regard to portal of entry and target organ.
In Vitro Apoptosis Enhancement of Hep-G2 Cells by PLA–TPGS and PLA–PEG Block Copolymer Encapsulated Curcumin Nanoparticles
Authors: Thu Ha Phuong , Quang Duong Tuan , Trang Mai Thi Thu , Ha Tran Thi Hong , Nam Nguyen Hoai , Phuc Nguyen Xuan , Nguyet Tran Thi Minh , Thong Phan Quoc , Tuyet Phan Thi Hong , Oanh Vuong Thi Kim , Huong Le Mai 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Nanodrug systems containing curcumin (Cur) encapsulated with the block copolymers poly(lactide)-d-α-tocopheryl poly(ethylene glycol) 1000 succinate (PLA–TPGS) and poly(lactide)–poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA–PEG) have been prepared and characterized by infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Upon encapsulation, the highest solubility of Cur–PLA–TPGS and Cur–PLA–PGE dried powder was calculated as high as 2.40 and 2.20 mg mL−1, respectively, an increase of about 350-fold compared to that of Cur (6.79 µg mL−1). The antitumor assays (cytotoxic and antitumor-promoting assays) on Hep-G2 cellsof copolymer-encapsulated Cur nanoparticles showed the apoptotic activity due to the remarkable changes in size, morphology, and angiogenesis ability of tumor cells in all cases of the tested samples as compared with the control.
Helix-sense-selective Polymerization of Achiral Acetylene Monomer Catalyzed by Rh Zwitterionic Complexes with Tethered Chiral Amino and Ether Groups
Authors: Onishi Naoya , Aoki Toshiki , Kaneko Takashi , Teraguchi Masahiro , Sano Natsuhiro , Masuda Toshio , Shiotsuki Masashi , Sanda Fumio 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Zwitterionic rhodium (Rh) complexes with tethered chiral amino and ether groups were synthesized by the reaction of [(C2H4)2RhCl]2 with the 2,5-norbornadiene tether, (CH2)4R [2: R = (R)-NHCH(CH3)Ph, 3: (R)-OCH(CH3)Ph], followed by exchange of Cl with BPh4. The resultant Rh complexes, 2 and 3, catalyzed the polymerization of 4-dodecyloxy-3,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)phenylacetylene (1) to afford polymers [poly(1)s] with number-average molecular weights of 16000 and 82000, respectively. The poly(1)s showed clear circular dichroism resulting from their polyacetylene backbones, which indicates the formation of predominantly one-handed helical structures.
Randomized Study Comparing a Basal-Bolus With a Basal Plus Correction Insulin Regimen for the Hospital Management of Medical and Surgical Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Umpierrez Guillermo E. , Smiley Dawn , Hermayer Kathie , Khan Amna , Olson Darin E. , Newton Christopher , Jacobs Sol , Rizzo Monica , Peng Limin , Reyes David , Pinzon Ingrid , Fereira Maria Eugenia , Hunt Vicky , Gore Ashwini , Toyoshima Marcos T. , Fonseca Vivian A. 
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE
Effective and easily implemented insulin regimens are needed to facilitate hospital glycemic control in general medical and surgical patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This multicenter trial randomized 375 patients with T2D treated with diet, oral antidiabetic agents, or low-dose insulin (≤0.4 units/kg/day) to receive a basal-bolus regimen with glargine once daily and glulisine before meals, a basal plus regimen with glargine once daily and supplemental doses of glulisine, and sliding scale regular insulin (SSI).

RESULTS
Improvement in mean daily blood glucose (BG) after the first day of therapy was similar between basal-bolus and basal plus groups (P = 0.16), and both regimens resulted in a lower mean daily BG than did SSI (P = 0.04). In addition, treatment with basal-bolus and basal plus regimens resulted in less treatment failure (defined as &gt;2 consecutive BG &gt;240 mg/dL or a mean daily BG &gt;240 mg/dL) than did treatment with SSI (0 vs. 2 vs. 19%, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). A BG &lt;70 mg/dL occurred in 16% of patients in the basal-bolus group, 13% in the basal plus group, and 3% in the SSI group (P = 0.02). There was no difference among the groups in the frequency of severe hypoglycemia (&lt;40 mg/dL; P = 0.76).

CONCLUSIONS
The use of a basal plus regimen with glargine once daily plus corrective doses with glulisine insulin before meals resulted in glycemic control similar to a standard basal-bolus regimen. The basal plus approach is an effective alternative to the use of a basal-bolus regimen in general medical and surgical patients with T2D.
Circulating Monocytes Are Reduced by Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Modulators Independently of S1P3
Authors: Lewis Nuruddeen D. , Haxhinasto Sokol A. , Anderson Shawn M. , Stefanopoulos Dimitria E. , Fogal Steven E. , Adusumalli Prathima , Desai Sudha N. , Patnaude Lori A. , Lukas Susan M. , Ryan Kelli R. , Slavin Anthony J. , Brown Maryanne L. , Modis Louise K. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors are critical for lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphoid organs, and S1P receptor modulators suppress lymphocyte circulation. However, the role of S1P receptors on monocytes is less clear. To elucidate this, we systematically evaluated monocytes in rats and mice, both in naive and inflammatory conditions, with S1P receptor modulators FTY720 and BAF312. We demonstrate that S1P receptor modulators reduce circulating monocytes in a similar time course as lymphocytes. Furthermore, total monocyte numbers were increased in the spleen and bone marrow, suggesting that S1P receptor modulation restricts egress from hematopoietic organs. Monocytes treated ex vivo with FTY720 had reduced CD40 expression and TNF-α production, suggesting a direct effect on monocyte activation. Similar reductions in protein expression and cytokine production were also found in vivo. Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice and rats by FTY720 correlated with reduced numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes. These effects on monocytes were independent of S1P3, as treatment with BAF312, a S1P1,4,5 modulator, led to similar results. These data reveal a novel role for S1P receptors on monocytes and offer additional insights on the mechanism of action of S1P receptor modulators in disease.
Writing Forces Associated With Four Pencil Grasp Patterns in Grade 4 Children
Authors: Schwellnus Heidi , Carnahan Heather , Kushki Azadeh , Polatajko Helene , Missiuna Cheryl , Chau Tom 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We investigated differences in handwriting kinetics, speed, and legibility among four pencil grasps after a 10-min copy task.
METHOD. Seventy-four Grade 4 students completed a handwriting assessment before and after a copy task. Grip and axial forces were measured with an instrumented stylus and force-sensitive tablet. We used multiple linear regression to analyze the relationship between grasp pattern and grip and axial forces.
RESULTS. We found no kinetic differences among grasps, whether considered individually or grouped by the number of fingers on the barrel. However, when grasps were grouped according to the thumb position, the adducted grasps exhibited higher mean grip and axial forces.
CONCLUSION. Grip forces were generally similar across the different grasps. Kinetic differences resulting from thumb position seemed to have no bearing on speed and legibility. Interventions for handwriting difficulties should focus more on speed and letter formation than on grasp pattern.
Fully Validated Simultaneous Determination of Bisoprolol Fumarate and Hydrochlorothiazide in Their Dosage Forms Using Different Voltammetric, Chromatographic, and Spectrophotometric Analytical Methods
Authors: Bozal Burcin , Gumustas Mehmet , -Topal Burcu Dogan , Uslu Bengi , Ozkan Sibel A 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Voltammetric, chromatographic, and spectrophotometric methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of bisoprolol fumarate (BIS) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ). Differential pulse and square wave voltammetry techniques were used to analyze BIS and HCZ simultaneously by measuring at about 1400 and 1100 mV, respectively. RP-HPLC was the second method for simultaneous analysis of the compounds. The mixture of BIS, HCZ, and moxifloxacin as an internal standard was separated on an RP Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, id, 5 μm particle size) using acetonitrile–15 mM phosphate (25 + 75, v/v) mobile phase at a 1.0 mL/min flow rate. The third method was based on first derivative of the ratio-spectra method obtained from the measurements of the amplitudes at 246 and 257 nm for BIS and HCZ, respectively. All the proposed methods were effectively applied for the simultaneous determination of BIS and HCZ in tablet dosage forms without any time-consuming extraction, sample preparation, or derivatization procedures.
DNA-based Authentication Method for Detection of Yak (Bos grunniens) in Meat Products
Authors: Wang Ping , Hu Yue , Yang Hairong , Han Jiangxun , Zhao Yongsheng , Chen Ying 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A TaqMan probe real-time PCR method was developed for rapid detection of yak component in raw and cooked meat products. Specific primers and TaqMan probes of yak (Bos grunniens) were designed in the cytochrome b gene. The specificity of the method was evaluated using pure meat of eight yak breeds (Jiulong, Qinghai plateau, Maiwa, Gannan, Bazhou, Sibu, Zhongdian, and Jiali) samples and nine non-Bos grunniens animals (sheep, goat, pig, chicken, cattle, water buffalo, donkey, horse, and rabbit). DNA showed no cross-reaction with non-Bos grunniens animal DNA. This method proved to be sensitive in detecting the presence of low levels of target DNA obtained from 0.001% (w/w) component in a mixed meat sample. The method also successfully identified commercial yak meat products. The results showed that some yak meat might be involved in business fraud by using cattle meat (in this paper, cattle meat means meat of Bos taurus) instead of yak meat. In conclusion, real-time PCR assay used in this study was shown to be a rapid and sensitive method for detection of yak DNA in fresh meat and cooked meat products.