bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WHAT IF JUDGES HAD BEEN WRITTEN BY A PHILISTINE?
Authors: Ackerman Susan 
Published: July 2002

AbstractJudges 13-16, the saga of Samson, is a text that, in popular imagination, is typically described as depicting the exploits of the heroic Samson against the Philistine barbarians. But, in fact, as commentators have often pointed out, Samson, although endowed with superhuman strength in this tale, is otherwise something of a fool and a boor: posing an unfair riddle at his wedding feast, engaging again and again in acts of violent destruction, and revealing the secret of his uncut hair to Delilah even though she has made clear that she intends to summon the Philistines to seize him after rendering him powerless. Yet however stupid Samson and however forthright Delilah are depicted as being in their interactions together, popular imagination again has almost always remembered Delilah as the evil seductress who leads the helpless Samson astray. Philistine interpreters, though, might well have remembered Delilah as an equivalent of the Israelite hero Jael: as a woman who, in terms of ethnicity, seems to stand outside of the dispute in which she plays a role; as a woman who is not necessarily a part of the household of a father or husband; and as a women depicted in terms of erotic imagery that is primarily maternal in nature. From a Philistine point of view, that is, Delilah might well bear the epithet Israelite tradition awards to Jael in Judg. 5:24: "most blessed of women."
DAS BUCH ESTHER ALS METHODISCHES PROBLEM UND HERMENEUTISCHE HERAUSFORDERUNG: EINE SKIZZE
Authors: Wahl Harald Martin 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDas Buch Esther ist in drei erheblich voneinander abweichenden Fassungen überliefert: Der hebräischen Fassung (M) steht eine griechische Kurzfassung (A), die mit c. 8 endet, und eine griechische Langfassung (B) zur Seite. Die Langfassung ist ihrerseits wiederum durch sechs Zusätze (ZusEst) um insgesamt 105 Verse erweitert worden. Die auffällige Fortschreibung und Interpretation des Buches führt zu methodischen und hermeneutischen Konsequenzen: Methodisch darf eine angemessene Auslegung des Stoffes vor allem die Septuaginta nicht ignorieren. Hermeneutisch zwingt die theologisch eigenständige griechische Tradition die Auslegung dazu, davon abzusehen, den hebräischen Text exklusiv zu behandeln. Die als Interpretationen entstandenen alternativen theologischen Traditionen verlangen nach einer angemessenen Deutung. Eine Auslegung, die wechselseitig die verschwisterte Tradition zur Deutung heranzieht und die originalen Fortschreibungen reflektiert, führt zu dem Verständnis eines für die Rezeption offenen Kanons.
Plato's Critique of the Democratic Character
Authors: Scott Dominic 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper tackles some issues arising from Plato's account of the democratic man in Rep. VIII. One problem is that Plato tends to analyse him in terms of the desires that he fulfils, yet sends out conflicting signals about exactly what kind of desires are at issue. Scholars are divided over whether all of the democrat's desires are appetites. There is, however, strong evidence against seeing him as exclusively appetitive: rather he is someone who satisfies desires from all three parts of his soul, although his rational and spirited desires differ significantly from those of the philosopher or the timocrat. A second problem concerns the question why the democrat ranks so low in Plato's estimation, especially why he is placed beneath the oligarch. My explanation is that Plato presents him as a jumble of desires, someone in whom order and unity have all but disintegrated. In this way he represents a step beyond the merely bipolarised oligarch. The final section of the paper focuses on the democrat's rational part, and asks whether it plays any role in shaping his life as a whole. For the disunity criticism to hold, Plato ought to allow very little global reasoning: if there were a single deliberating reason imposing a life plan upon his life, the fragmentation of life and character discussed earlier would only be superficial. I argue that Plato attributes very little global reasoning to the democrat. Aside from the fact that the text fails to mention such reasoning taking place, Plato's views on the development of character and his use of the state-soul analogy show that the democrat's lifestyle is determined just by the strength of the desires that he happens to feel at any one time.
Religion in the Making? Animality, Savagery, and Civilization in the Work of A. N. Whitehead
Authors: Palmer Clare 
Published: July 2002

AbstractConstructions of the animal and animality are often pivotal to religious discourses. Such constructions create the possibility of identifying and valuing what is "human" as opposed to the "animal" and also of distinguishing human beliefs and behaviors that can be characterized (and often disparaged) as being animal from those that are "truly human." Some discourses also employ the concept of savagery as a bridge between the human and the animal, where the form of humanity but not its ideal beliefs and practices can be displayed. This paper explores the work of the influential scientist, philosopher, and theologian A. N. Whitehead in this context. His ideas of what constitutes "the animal," the "primitive" and the "civilized" are laid out explicitly in his now little-used history of religions text, Religion in the Making. This paper explores these ideas in this history and then considers how the same ideas permeate his currently more popular philosophical and theological writing Process and Reality. Drawing on some work in post-colonial theory, the paper offers a critique of this understanding of animality, savagery, and civilization and suggests that using Whitehead to underpin modern theological work requires considerable caution.
Taxonomy of the banded newt, Triturus vittatus: morphological and allozyme data
Authors: Arntzen  , Olgun Kurtulus 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe studied the number of rib-bearing vertebrae, eight morphometric characters and 36 protein loci in three subspecies of the banded newt, Triturus vittatus from the Near and Middle East. The number of rib-bearing vertebrae ranged from 12 to 15. Modal count was 13 in T. v. cilicensis, T. v. vittatus and T. v. ophryticus in the western part of the range and 14 in the eastern part of the T. v. ophryticus range. Significant differences were found between groups (cilicensis plus vittatus, western ophryticus, eastern ophryticus). Significant differences in shape were observed comparing T. vittatus with T. karelinii and T. montandoni, but not among T. v. vittatus, T. v. cilicensis and T. v. ophryticus. Genetic differentiation within T. v. ophryticus reached DNei = 0.24, which was similar to the distance observed between T. v. vittatus and T. v. cilicensis (DNei = 0.18). The two groups clustered at DNei = 0.58. We discuss the question whether T. v. ophryticus should be raised to species level.
Systematics of the Ctenosaura group of lizards (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae)
Authors: Schroth  , Streit  , Köhler  
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationships of the species of the genus Ctenosaura were analysed using two independent data sets derived from morpho-etho-ecological and genetic (RAPD) markers. The analysis of the data matrix based on morpho-etho-ecological characters yielded a consensus tree with the species of Ctenosaura forming three clades. The consensus tree based on the RAPD data is not as well resolved as the morphological tree. Subgeneric status is proposed for the three monophyletic subgroups within the monophyletic genus Ctenosaura.
Cryptic speciation in Pelobates fuscus (Anura, Pelobatidae): evidence from DNA flow cytometry
Authors: Rosanov  , Borkin  , Milto  , Litvinchuk  
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe amount of nuclear DNA in 173 specimens of Pelobates f. fuscus from 34 localities in Russia, Ukraine, Moldavia and Latvia was determined by DNA flow cytometry. Two distinct groups with different genome sizes were identified. The ranges of the genome size variation in the two groups did not overlap. Geographically, these groups with smaller or larger genome size are distributed in the west and in the east of eastern Europe, respectively.
THE EFFECT OF A TREMATODE PARASITE (MICROPHALLUS SP.) ON THE RESPONSE OF THE FRESHWATER SNAIL POTAMOPYRGUS ANTIPODARUM TO LIGHT AND GRAVITY
Authors: Levri  , Fisher  
Published: July 2002

AbstractParasites often influence the behavior of their hosts in ways that increase the probability of transmission of the parasite. The digenetic trematode Microphallus sp. has been demonstrated to alter the behavior of the New Zealand freshwater snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum in a way that increases the probability that infected snails will be eaten by the final host (waterfowl). Infected snails are found foraging on top of rocks more often in the early morning when waterfowl are feeding and less often in the afternoon when unsuitable hosts (fish) are feeding. The mechanism(s) that the parasite utilizes to produce this behavioral change is not known. The present study investigated three possible behaviors (phototaxis, geotaxis, and photokinesis) that the parasite could alter that may account for the behavioral change seen in the field. Infected and uninfected snails were assessed in terms of their orientation to light (phototaxis), orientation to gravity (geotaxis), and movement in response to light (photokinesis). There was no evidence of phototactic behaviors in either infected or uninfected snails. However, uninfected snails were found to positively orient towards gravity, while infected snails did not. Also, both infected and uninfected snails were found to be positively photokinetic (they move faster in the light than in the dark), but Microphallus infected snails were found to move more slowly than uninfected snails. The differences found between infected and uninfected snails may be part of the manipulative effort of the parasite, but by themselves the differences are not sufficient to explain the patterns observed in the field.
DEFINING DIVE BOUTS USING A SEQUENTIAL DIFFERENCES ANALYSIS
Authors: Mori Yoshihisa , Yoda Ken , Sato Katsufumi 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Bout analysis searches for a bout-ending criterion (BEC) to determine whether successive events are part of the same bout. Methods widely used for finding the BEC are logsurvivorship, log-frequency, and log-normal analyses. These analyses are based on the assumption that frequency distributions of event intervals can be described by two or three random distributions, and that the mean interval within a bout is common to all other bouts. Diving typically occurs in bouts. Since a dive bout is a sequence of complex behaviours in which the duration, depth, and interval between dives may all be adapted for optimal foraging, it is unreasonable to assume that the mean dive interval within a bout is common to all other dive bouts. Furthermore, one should not assume that dives might be split into bouts based only on dive interval without considering other characteristics, such as dive depth. Here we propose a new method, the sequential differences analysis, to find the BEC for dive bout analysis. This method has two features: (1) the frequency of differences in dive characteristics between two successive dives is used instead of the frequency of dive intervals, and (2) along with the dive interval, other characteristics are used to determine the BEC. Compared with the log-frequency analysis using dive intervals, the sequential differences analysis results in bouts with less variation (i.e. a smaller coefficient of variation) in dive characteristics, and a smaller number of dives within a bout. This suggests that our method splits dive sequences into bouts at a finer scale than the existing method. The sequential differences analysis is useful for dividing a sequence of complex behaviours with several characteristics into more meaningful bouts.
THE EFFECTS OF CONTEXT, SEX, AND BODY SIZE ON STAGED SOCIAL INTERACTIONS IN JUVENILE MALE AND FEMALE GREEN ANOLES (ANOLIS CAROLINENSIS)
Authors: Lovern Matthew , Jenssen Thomas 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe documented the ontogeny of headbobbing display use in green anoles (Anolis carolinensis) by determining the effects of social context, sex, and body size on juvenile social interactions. Juveniles only gave displays in social interactions (never while isolated), and activity levels in general were much higher during interactions than during isolation. Neither social context (consexual or heterosexual) nor sex affected the type or quantity of displays and related behaviors (perch shifts, display modifiers, color changes, and approaches or retreats). Interactions always appeared to be aggressive in nature and qualitatively similar to interactions between adult females. Both males and females tended to increase overall activity during interactions with body size, including the use of displays and related behaviors, and large juvenile males performed more headbobbing displays than did large juvenile females. These results suggest that juvenile social interactions are agonistic in nature and that they function to defend both immediate and future resources (prospective resource hypothesis). It is likely that resource protection confers the immediate benefits of suitable habitat for foraging, thermoregulation, and predator avoidance, and it is hypothesized that the primary future benefit is the acquisition of the eventual breeding territory that juveniles will hold as adults.
A LONG TERM STUDY ON INITIAL ORIENTATION IN SAND MARTINS (RIPARIA RIPARIA)
Authors: Baldaccini Natale Emilio , Giunchi Dimitri , Mongini Emanuele 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Over a period of 18 years sand martins (Riparia riparia) were displaced from their breeding colonies and released to investigate the relationship between distance of displacement and initial orientation. The results show significant homeward orientation at the shortest distances of displacement (7.1-18.2 km, series A), but not over longer distances (49-180 km, series B and C). Birds displaced over 49 km from their breeding colonies only seldom show homeward directedness, while pseudo-pooling and second order analysis of their directional choices seem to indicate the tendency to fly in a given compass direction. Possible causal factors that can induce this behaviour in sand martins are discussed, taking into account not only local biasing factors but also the existence of a so called preferred compass direction. These data show that sand martins are able to determine the correct homing direction inside a probably familiar area. The response over longer distances indicates difficulties in determining the appropriate homing course at takeoff.
ACTIVE DISPERSAL OF STENASELLUS VIREI BOUI MAGNIEZ (ISOPODA) THROUGH THE ALLUVIAL SEDIMENTS OF A PYRENEAN STREAM (SOUTHERN FRANCE)
Authors: Rouch Raymond , Danielopol Dan 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDuring a 13 month project Stenasellus virei boui Magniez, 1968, living in the alluvial sediments of the Nert stream (near Saint Girons, Ariege), were sampled monthly in an area of 30 m2 at depths of 0.6 and 1.0 m. Isopods were found over the whole area at low frequencies: 91% of the samples contained 1-5 specimens and a total of 140 individuals was caught. After each sampling series, the sites were baited and re-sampled the next day. The isopods aggregated rapidly (up to 148 specimens/sample) around the bait, especially in interstitial areas with high permeability, and more than 2,000 additional individuals were caught with this technique. The experiment documents that S. virei boui is represented in the field by an unexpectedly large perennial population, even in superficial sediments. The animals actively react to chemical cues, moving rapidly through the interstitial space. The data also point out that the interstitial habitat and the isopods that are adapted to live within it, together build a complex ecological system. Lors d'une etude poursuivie pendant treize mois, Stenasellus virei boui Magniez, 1968, qui vit dans les sediments alluviaux du Nert (pres de Saint-Girons, Ariege), a fait l'objet de prelevements mensuels sur une aire de 30 m2, a 0,6 m et 1,0 m de profondeur. Cet Isopode a ete recolte sur la totalite de l'aire prospectee mais avec une frequence peu elevee: 91% des prelevements contenaient 1 a 5 specimens et un total de 140 individus ont ete recoltes. Apres chaque serie de prelevements, les sites etudies ont ete appates puis preleves a nouveau le jour suivant. Les Isopodes se rassemblaient rapidement autour des appats (jusqu'a 148 individus par site), essentiellement dans les zones a permeabilite elevee. Plus de 2000 individus additionnels ont ete captures par cette technique. Les donnees obtenues montrent que S. virei boui peut former des populations abondantes dans des sediments relativements superficiels; les animaux repondent activement aux informations chimiques en se deplacant rapidement dans les espaces interstitiels. Ainsi est suggere le fait que l'habitat interstitiel et les Isopodes qui lui sont adaptes forment un systeme ecologique plus complexe qu'on ne le pensait.
Pristionchus pacificus: a satellite organism in evolutionary developmental biology
Authors: Jungblut Benno , Silva André Pires-Da , Eizinger Andreas , Lee Kwang-Zin , Srinivasan Jagan , Grandien Kaj , Sommer Ralf , Carmi Ilil , Sigrist Carola , Schlak Isabel , Nguyen Hanh 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPristionchus pacificus has been described as a satellite organism, for functional comparative studies with Caenorhabditis elegans. Like C. elegans, P. pacificus is also easily cultured in the laboratory on a lawn of E. coli bacteria. P. pacificus is a hermaphroditic species with a 4-day life cycle, but unlike most nematodes which pass through four juvenile stages during their development, P. pacificus has only three juvenile stages. The combination of genetic, molecular and cell-biological studies have made P. pacificus a model system in the new field of evolutionary developmental biology. One process that has been studied in detail is the development of the vulva. Genetic and molecular studies revealed that the function of several genes involved in vulva development differs between P. pacificus and C. elegans. Here, we review our genetic and molecular studies of P. pacificus. We show that P. pacificus is well-suited as a satellite organism not only for understanding the cellular and genetic aspects of evolutionary change, but also for addressing questions of molecular evolution at the genomic level. Pristionchus pacificus wurde vor mehrerern Jahren als “Satelitten-Organism” für funktionelle-vergleichende Studien mit dem Modellorganismus C. elegans beschrieben. P. pacificus ist eine hermaphroditische Art mit einer Generationszeit von 4 Tagen und kann auf E. coli gezüchtet werden. Die Analyse des Lebenszyklus hat gezeigt dass diese Art im Gegensatz zu den meisten Nematoden nur drei Juvenilstadien durchläuft. Da in P. pacificus genetische, molekular-biologische und zelluläre Methoden in ähnlicher Weise zum Einsatz kommen können wie in C. elegans, ist diese Art ein ideales Modellsystem für evolutionäre entwicklungsbiologische Fragestellungen. Ein besonders detailliert analysierter Entwicklungsprozess ist die Bildung der Vulva. Genetische und molekulare Arbeiten haben gezeigt dass einige in beiden Arten an der Vulva-Bildung beteiligte homologen Gene, sich in ihrer detaillierten Funktion deutlich voneinander unterscheiden. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die genetischen und molekularen Aspekte der Vulva-Entwicklung in P. pacificus und zeigt die Potenzen der Art auch für zukünftige molekulare und genomische Untersuchungen.
Capture of nematodes using antiserum and lectin-coated magnetised beads
Authors: Robertson Lee , Blok Vivian , Chen Qing , Brown Derek , Jones John , Phillips Mark 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPlant-parasitic nematodes are small and extremely difficult to identify. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential for lectin- or antibody-assisted identification of nematodes. We present an extension of this technology, using antibody- or lectin-coated magnetic beads (Dynabeads) to recover target nematodes from mixtures of specimens. Lectins and antisera that bound specifically and reproducibly to the whole surface of second stage juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis and Meloidogyne arenaria were identified. These were then used as probes bound to Dynabeads to recover nematodes from test suspensions. While both types of probe isolated nematodes from suspension, antibody-coated beads recovered them more efficiently than beads coated with lectins. Other factors that affected the efficiency of recovery, such as the age of the nematode samples, were analysed. This study revealed that Dynabeads coated with a probe of suitable specificity could be used to extract nematodes from mixtures of species. This technology may ultimately be useful in 'non-expert systems' for routine detection and quantification of nematode species.
Occurrence of dopamine in Panagrellus redivivus and Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Stewart Graham , Perry Roland , Wright Denis 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDopamine-like immunoreactivity was detected in various parts of the nervous system of adult males and females of the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus , including the nerve ring and some cephalic processes, the ventral nerve cord, and the tail region. Positive immunoreactivity for dopamine was not found in infective second stage juveniles (J2) of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. This putative neurotransmitter was detected by HPLC in homogenates of both species, the dopamine content in P.redivivus being eight times greater than in M. incognita. No other catecholamine compounds were detected in these species by HPLC. The development of a more sensitive immunocytochemical assay for dopamine will be required to determine the location of dopamine in the nervous system of M. incognita J2.