bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying a framework for landscape planning under climate change for the conservation of biodiversity in the Finnish boreal forest
Authors: Mazziotta Adriano , Triviño Maria , Tikkanen Olli‐Pekka , Kouki Jari , Strandman Harri , Mönkkönen Mikko 
Published: July 2014

AbstractConservation strategies are often established without consideration of the impact of climate change. However, this impact is expected to threaten species and ecosystem persistence and to have dramatic effects towards the end of the 21st century. Landscape suitability for species under climate change is determined by several interacting factors including dispersal and human land use. Designing effective conservation strategies at regional scales to improve landscape suitability requires measuring the vulnerabilities of specific regions to climate change and determining their conservation capacities. Although methods for defining vulnerability categories are available, methods for doing this in a systematic, cost‐effective way have not been identified. Here, we use an ecosystem model to define the potential resilience of the Finnish forest landscape by relating its current conservation capacity to its vulnerability to climate change. In applying this framework, we take into account the responses to climate change of a broad range of red‐listed species with different niche requirements. This framework allowed us to identify four categories in which representation in the landscape varies among three IPCC emission scenarios (B1, low; A1B, intermediate; A2, high emissions): (i) susceptible (B1 = 24.7%, A1B = 26.4%, A2 = 26.2%), the most intact forest landscapes vulnerable to climate change, requiring management for heterogeneity and resilience; (ii) resilient (B1 = 2.2%, A1B = 0.5%, A2 = 0.6%), intact areas with low vulnerability that represent potential climate refugia and require conservation capacity maintenance; (iii) resistant (B1 = 6.7%, A1B = 0.8%, A2 = 1.1%), landscapes with low current conservation capacity and low vulnerability that are suitable for restoration projects; (iv) sensitive (B1 = 66.4%, A1B = 72.3%, A2 = 72.0%), low conservation capacity landscapes that are vulnerable and for which alternative conservation measures are required depending on the intensity of climate change. Our results indicate that the Finnish landscape is likely to be dominated by a very high proportion of sensitive and susceptible forest patches, thereby increasing uncertainty for landscape managers in the choice of conservation strategies.
Patients' antibiotic knowledge: a trial assessing the impact of verbal education
Authors: Northey Alyce , McGuren Therese , Stupans Ieva 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of involving community pharmacy staff in patient education about antibiotic resistance, thus improving antibiotic knowledge.

Methods
Thirty-four patients presenting a valid antibiotic script for dispensing at three community pharmacies in regional New South Wales, Australia were randomly allocated by ballot draw to an intervention group or control group. Those in the intervention group were provided with verbal education based on an Australian National Prescribing Service patient leaflet regarding antibiotics.

Key findings
This paper presents pilot data indicating that there was a significant increase in antibiotic knowledge determined approximately 1 month after receiving verbal antibiotic education (33.3 ± 40.8) as compared with patients not receiving verbal antibiotic education (−5.1 ± 23.0), t (18.9) = 2.957, P = 0.008.

Conclusions
This study has shown that verbal education, provided within a community pharmacy, regarding antibiotics improved patients' knowledge about antibiotics and provides evidence for the critical role of pharmacy staff in patient education.
Lamentations 5:21 within the Development of Thomas Aquinas' Theology of the Grace of Conversion
Authors: Abril Michael Anthony 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAs a case study in Thomas Aquinas' use of Scripture, this article examines his appeals to Lamentations 5:21 over the course of his career, highlighting the ways in which it informs the development of his mature theology of the grace of conversion. These considerations show how key Scripture verses not only inspire the material content of Thomas' theology, but also serve as indispensible formal components for its expression.
Treatment of a chronic vesicocutaneous fistula and abdominal wall defect after resection of a soft tissue sarcoma using a bipedicled latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior free flap
Authors: Ludolph Ingo , Apel Hendrik , Horch Raymund E , Beier Justus P 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe present a surgical treatment for bladder reconstruction in a case of chronic vesicocutaneous radiation‐induced fistula and reconstruction of the abdominal wall after resection of a liposarcoma in the rectus abdominis muscle. Fistulas are sequelae after radiotherapy. To regain bladder function and reconstitute abdominal wall stability, a microsurgical flap approach should be considered. A male patient underwent resection of a liposarcoma in the rectus abdominis muscle with adjuvant radiotherapy, suffering from a chronic vesicocutaneous fistula. A bipedicled combined latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior flap was carried out after resection of the fistula for reconstruction of the urine bladder and the abdominal wall. Ascending urethrography 4 weeks postoperatively showed no leakage. In the 4‐month follow‐up period, no signs of recurrence of the fistula or herniation occurred. A bipedicled flap allowed reconstruction of the urine bladder and the abdominal wall. Using non‐irradiated, well‐perfused intra‐abdominal muscle tissue over the urine bladder prevented recurrence of the fistula.
Topographical relationship of the greater palatine artery and the palatal spine. Significance for periodontal surgery.
Authors: Yu Sun‐Kyoung , Lee Myoung‐Hwa , Park Byung Sun , Jeon Yong Hyun , Chung Yoon Young , Kim Heung‐Joong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimThe aims of this study were to (1) identify the branching pattern and course of the greater palatine artery (GPA), (2) carry out a morphological analysis of the palatal bony prominence that divides the medial and lateral grooves and (3) characterize the topographical relationships between these two structures.MethodsThirty‐six hemimaxillae were studied with the aid of a surgical microscope to elucidate the GPA. A further 25 dry skulls were examined to establish the morphology of the palatal spine.ResultsThe most common GPA branching pattern was type I (41.7%, 15 sides), which gave off the medial and canine branches after the bony prominence. The distances from the CEJ to the lateral branch of the GPA were 9.04 ± 2.93 mm (canine), 11.12 ± 1.89 mm (first premolar), 13.51 ± 2.08 mm (second premolar), 13.76 ± 2.86 mm (first molar) and 13.91 ± 2.20 mm (second molar). The palatal spine was frequently observed as the bony prominence (66.3%, 57 sides), and was located at 6.49 ± 1.76 mm from the greater palatine foramen, with a length of 10.42 ± 2.45 mm. There was no a correlation between the bony prominence shape and the GPA branching pattern.ConclusionsThese results could provide the reference data regarding the topography of the GPA for periodontal surgery.
The effect of periodontal therapy on cardiovascular risk markers: a 6‐month randomized clinical trial
Authors: Caúla André Luis , Lira‐Junior Ronaldo , Tinoco Eduardo Muniz Barretto , Fischer Ricardo Guimarães 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimTo determine the influence of non‐surgical mechanical periodontal treatment on inflammatory markers related to risk for cardiovascular disease.Material and MethodsA total of 64 patients with severe chronic periodontitis was randomly subjected to immediately periodontal treatment (test group, n = 32) or delayed periodontal treatment, without treatment during the study period (control group, n = 32). Clinical periodontal and laboratory examinations were performed at baseline (T0), 2 months (T2), and 6 months (T6) after the initial examinations (Control group) or completion of periodontal treatment (Test group).ResultsAfter 2 months of periodontal treatment there was a significant reduction of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and triglycerides (p = 0.002, p = 0.004, respectively) in the test group. Median values of C‐reactive protein, ESR, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were reduced after 6 month of periodontal treatment in the test group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.015, respectively).ConclusionsThe non‐surgical periodontal treatment was effective in reducing the levels of systemic inflammation markers and improved the lipid profile in subjects with severe chronic periodontitis.
Blood concentrations ofd‐ andl‐lactate in healthy rabbits
Authors: Langlois I. , Planché A. , Boysen S. R. , Abeysekara S. , Zello G. A. 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVESTo determine whole blood and serum concentrations ofl‐lactate and serum concentrations ofd‐lactate in healthy rabbits and compare three methods of analysis forl‐lactate measurement.METHODSProspective study using 25 rabbits. Concentrations of whole bloodl‐lactate were measured using a portable analyser and a blood gas analyser. The remainder of the sample was allowed to clot for centrifugation. Serum was stored at −20°C for determination ofl‐ andd‐ lactate by high‐performance liquid chromatography.RESULTSd‐lactate values by high‐performance liquid chromatography were 0 · 17 ± 0 · 08 mmol/L.l‐lactate values were 5 · 1 (±2 · 1) mmol/L by high‐performance liquid chromatography, 6 · 9 (±2 · 7) mmol/L with the portable analyser and 7 · 1 (±1 · 6) mmol/L with the blood gas analyser. No significant difference (P > 0 · 05) was found between the two analysers. Significant difference existed between seruml‐lactate values obtained by high‐performance liquid chromatography and the whole blood values obtained with the blood gas analyser (P < 0 · 01) and portable analyser (P < 0 · 05).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCESerum concentrations ofd‐lactate in healthy rabbits are in the range of those of other mammals.l‐lactate values in healthy rabbits are higher compared with other mammals. Good correlation was found between the portable and blood gas analysers for whole bloodl‐lactate measurement in healthy rabbits.
HBV/HDV co‐infection in the Western Brazilian Amazonia: an intriguing mutation among HDV genotype 3 carriers
Authors: Kay A. , Melo da Silva E. , Pedreira H. , Negreiros S. , Lobato C. , Braga W. , Muwonge R. , Dény P. , Reis M. , Zoulim F. , Trepo C. , D'Oliveira A. , Salcedo J. M. , Schinoni M. I. , Parana R. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryHDV infection still remains a serious public health problem in Amazonia. There are few data regarding the biomolecular aspects of HBV/HDV co‐infection in this region. We studied 92 patients HBsAg+/anti‐HDV IgG+ followed at the Hepatitis Referral Centers of Porto Velho (RO), Rio Branco and Cruzeiro do Sul (AC), Brazil, from March 2006 to March 2007 for whom the HDV and/or the HBV genotype could be determined. The HDV genotype could be determined in 90 patients, while the HBV genotypes could be positively determined in 74. HBV subgenotype F2 is the most prevalent (40.2%), followed by the subgenotypes A1 (15.2%) and D3 (8.7%), while 16.4% were other subgenotypes or genotypes, 4.3% were discordant and 15.2% were unamplifiable. Surprisingly, HDV genotype 3 (HDV‐3) was found in all of the HBV/HDV‐infected patients that could be genotyped for HDV, confirming that HDV‐3 can associate with non‐F HBV genotypes. However, a HDV‐3 mutant was found in 29.3% of patients and was more frequently associated with non‐F HBV genotypes (P < 0.001) than were nonmutant strains, suggesting that the mutation may facilitate association of HDV‐3 with non‐F HBV genotypes.
Peginterferon‐alfa mono‐therapy in the treatment of acute hepatitis C in HIV‐infection
Authors: Boesecke C. , van Assen S. , Stellbrink H.‐J. , Baumgarten A. , Ingiliz P. , Strassburg C. P. , Schwarze‐Zander C. , Wasmuth J.‐C. , Hoepelman A. I. M. , Rockstroh J. K. , Arends J. E. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe ongoing epidemic of acute hepatitis C (AHC) infection among MSM highlights the need to identify factors allowing for optimal treatment outcome in HIV co‐infected individuals. Cohort study of 105 HIV‐infected patients with AHC infection from five centres in two European countries was carried out. Choice of treatment with pegIFN‐alfa alone (group 1; n = 36) or pegIFN‐alfa and ribavirin (RBV) (group 2; n = 69) was at the discretion of the investigator. Outcome was evaluated as RVR and SVR. Fisher's exact and Mann Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. All patients were male, median age was 39 years, main route of transmission MSM (91%). In 69% of patients, clinical signs of acute hepatic infection were missing, dominant HCV genotypes were 1 (64%) and 4 (16%) and mean baseline HCV‐RNA was 3.559.085 IU/mL. 60% received HAART and CD4 cell count was 469/mm3. Overall SVR rate was 64.8% (68/105). SVR was reached in 69% of treated patients in group 1 and in 63% of treated patients in group 2 (P = 0.67) while RVR was seen in 61% and 49%, respectively (P = 0.35). Interestingly, by univariate analysis, SVR rates in group 1 were significantly higher in patients initiating therapy within 4 weeks of AHC diagnosis compared to patients initiating therapy within 5–36 weeks after diagnosis (P = 0.03). PegIFN‐alfa alone or in combination with ribavirin results in similar response rates in HIV‐infected patients with AHC. In particular, when treatment is initiated within 4 weeks of diagnosis, pegIFN mono‐therapy might be sufficient to allow for an optimal treatment response.
Confounders in the detection of minimal hepatic encephalopathy: a neuropsychological and quantified EEG study
Authors: Campagna Francesca , Montagnese Sara , Schiff Sami , Ruzzoli Manuela , Biancardi Anna , Iannizzi Pamela , Pujatti Pietro L. , Angeli Paolo , Gatta Angelo , Merkel Carlo , Leandro Gioacchino , Mapelli Daniela , Amodio Piero 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsChronic alcohol misuse, HCV infection and cirrhosis may cause cognitive alterations. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of alcohol misuse, HCV infection and cirrhosis per se on the neuropsychological and electroencephalogram (EEG) profile and to evaluate the role of alcohol misuse and HCV infections as potential confounding factors in the detection of minimal hepatic encephalopathy.MethodsA comprehensive neuropsychological profile and EEG spectral parameters were obtained in six age‐matched groups of 30 subjects each: (i) HCV‐related hepatitis without cirrhosis, (ii) chronic alcohol abusers, (iii) patients with HCV‐related cirrhosis, (iv) alcohol‐related cirrhosis, (v) cirrhosis not related to alcohol or HCV and (vi) healthy subjects. Cirrhotic patients were matched for MELD score.ResultsThe factor ‘cirrhosis’ was associated with low Phonemic Verbal Fluency (PVF) and Difference between Trail Making Test B and A (TMT) (B‐A) (P < 0.001). Chronic alcohol misuse was associated with low PVF, TMT (B‐A), Memory with Interference Task at 10 (ITM 10) and 30 s (ITM 30) (all P < 0.05). An interaction was found between the factors ‘cirrhosis’, ‘alcohol misuse’ and tests (P < 0.01). HCV hepatitis reduced ITM 10 (P < 0.05), but no interaction was found between ‘cirrhosis’, ‘HCV infection’ and tests (P = 0.14). The EEG parameters were mainly influenced by ‘cirrhosis’ (P < 0.05), and EEG alterations were more pronounced in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (P = 0.04).ConclusionsCirrhosis per se, chronic alcohol misuse and HCV infection were found to be associated with cognitive dysfunction. In patients with cirrhosis, the interaction with alcohol misuse further impinged on brain dysfunction.
In intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma: radioembolization with yttrium 90 or chemoembolization?
Authors: El Fouly Amr , Ertle Judith , El Dorry Ahmed , Shaker Mohamed K. , Dechêne Alexander , Abdella Heba , Mueller Stefan , Barakat Eman , Lauenstein Thomas , Bockisch Andreas , Gerken Guido , Schlaak Joerg F. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is one of the standard treatments recommended for intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). At the same time, only little is known about the use of radioembolization with Yttrium‐90 microspheres (TARE Y‐90) for this subset of patients. To perform comparative analysis between both locoregional therapies in intermediate HCCs. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), while safety, response rate and time‐to‐progression (TTP) were considered as secondary endpoints.MethodsWe collected data of 86 HCC patients in two university hospitals at which conventional TACE with doxorubicin or TARE Y‐90 using glass microspheres were performed. The median observation period was 10 months. Patients were followed up for signs of toxicity and response. They underwent imaging analysis at baseline and follow‐up at regular time intervals.ResultsEighty‐six HCC patients with intermediate stage B (BCLC) were treated with either TACE (n = 42) or TARE Y‐90 (n = 44). Despite a higher tumour burden in the TARE Y‐90 group, the median OS (TACE: 18 months vs. TARE Y‐90: 16.4 months) and the median TTP (TACE: 6.8 months vs. TARE Y‐90: 13.3 months) were not statistically different. The number of treatment sessions, the average rate of treatment sessions per patient, total hospitalization time and rate of adverse events were significantly higher in the TACE cohort.ConclusionIn intermediate HCC stage patients, both treatments resulted in similar survival probabilities despite more advanced disease in the TARE Y‐90 group. Still, TARE Y‐90 was better tolerated and associated with less hospitalization and treatment sessions.
Global population structure and demographic history of the grey seal
Authors: Klimova A. , Phillips C. D. , Fietz K. , Olsen M. T. , Harwood J. , Amos W. , Hoffman J. I. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlthough the grey sealHalichoerus grypusis one of the most familiar and intensively studied of all pinniped species, its global population structure remains to be elucidated. Little is also known about how the species as a whole may have historically responded to climate‐driven changes in habitat availability and anthropogenic exploitation. We therefore analysed samples from over 1500 individuals collected from 22 colonies spanning the Western and Eastern Atlantic and the Baltic Sea regions, represented by 350 bp of the mitochondrial hypervariable region and up to nine microsatellites. Strong population structure was observed at both types of marker, and highly asymmetrical patterns of gene flow were also inferred, with the Orkney Islands being identified as a source of emigrants to other areas in the Eastern Atlantic. The Baltic and Eastern Atlantic regions were estimated to have diverged a little over 10 000 years ago, consistent with the last proposed isolation of the Baltic Sea. Approximate Bayesian computation also identified genetic signals consistent with postglacial population expansion across much of the species range, suggesting that grey seals are highly responsive to changes in habitat availability.
Soil fungal communities of grasslands are environmentally structured at a regional scale in the Alps
Authors: Pellissier L. , Niculita‐Hirzel H. , Dubuis A. , Pagni M. , Guex N. , Ndiribe C. , Salamin N. , Xenarios I. , Goudet J. , Sanders I. R. , Guisan A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractStudying patterns of species distributions along elevation gradients is frequently used to identify the primary factors that determine the distribution, diversity and assembly of species. However, despite their crucial role in ecosystem functioning, our understanding of the distribution of below‐ground fungi is still limited, calling for more comprehensive studies of fungal biogeography along environmental gradients at various scales (from regional to global). Here, we investigated the richness of taxa of soil fungi and their phylogenetic diversity across a wide range of grassland types along a 2800 m elevation gradient at a large number of sites (213), stratified across a region of the Western Swiss Alps (700 km2). We used 454 pyrosequencing to obtain fungal sequences that were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The OTU diversity–area relationship revealed uneven distribution of fungal taxa across the study area (i.e. not all taxa are everywhere) and fine‐scale spatial clustering. Fungal richness and phylogenetic diversity were found to be higher in lower temperatures and higher moisture conditions. Climatic and soil characteristics as well as plant community composition were related to OTU alpha, beta and phylogenetic diversity, with distinct fungal lineages suggesting distinct ecological tolerances. Soil fungi, thus, show lineage‐specific biogeographic patterns, even at a regional scale, and follow environmental determinism, mediated by interactions with plants.
Heterogeneity in ess transcriptional organization and variable contribution of the Ess/Type VII protein secretion system to virulence across closely related Staphylocccus aureus strains
Authors: Kneuper Holger , Cao Zhen Ping , Twomey Kate B. , Zoltner Martin , Jäger Franziska , Cargill James S. , Chalmers James , van der Kooi‐Pol Magdalena M. , van Dijl Jan Maarten , Ryan Robert P. , Hunter William N. , Palmer Tracy 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe Type VII protein secretion system, found in Gram‐positive bacteria, secretes small proteins, containing a conserved W‐x‐G amino acid sequence motif, to the growth medium. Staphylococcus aureus has a conserved Type VII secretion system, termed Ess, which is dispensable for laboratory growth but required for virulence. In this study we show that there are unexpected differences in the organization of the ess gene cluster between closely related strains of S. aureus. We further show that in laboratory growth medium different strains of S. aureus secrete the EsxA and EsxC substrate proteins at different growth points, and that the Ess system in strain Newman is inactive under these conditions. Systematic deletion analysis in S. aureus RN6390 is consistent with the EsaA, EsaB, EssA, EssB, EssC and EsxA proteins comprising core components of the secretion machinery in this strain. Finally we demonstrate that the Ess secretion machinery of two S. aureus strains, RN6390 and COL, is important for nasal colonization and virulence in the murine lung pneumonia model. Surprisingly, however, the secretion system plays no role in the virulence of strain SA113 under the same conditions.