bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further evidence for large central mass-to-light ratios in massive early-type galaxies
Authors: Corsini E. M. , Wegner G. A. , Thomas J. , Saglia R. P. , Bender R. , Pu S. B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe studied the stellar populations, distribution of dark matter, and dynamical structure of a sample of 25 early-type galaxies in the Coma and Abell~262 clusters. We derived dynamical mass-to-light ratios and dark matter densities from orbit-based dynamical models, complemented by the ages, metallicities, and α-element abundances of the galaxies from single stellar population models. Most of the galaxies have a significant detection of dark matter and their halos are about 10 times denser than in spirals of the same stellar mass. Calibrating dark matter densities to cosmological simulations we find assembly redshifts zDM ≈ 1–3. The dynamical mass that follows the light is larger than expected for a Kroupa stellar initial mass function, especially in galaxies with high velocity dispersion σeff inside the effective radius reff. We now have 5 of 25 galaxies where mass follows light to 1–3 reff, the dynamical mass-to-light ratio of all the mass that follows the light is large (≈ 8–10 in the Kron-Cousins R band), the dark matter fraction is negligible to 1–3 reff. This could indicate a ‘massive’ initial mass function in massive early-type galaxies. Alternatively, some of the dark matter in massive galaxies could follow the light very closely suggesting a significant degeneracy between luminous and dark matter.
Photometric analysis of Abell 1689
Authors: Bontà Elena Dalla , Davies Roger L. , Houghton Ryan C. W. , D'Eugenio Francesco , Corsini Enrico M. , Méndez-Abreu Jairo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe carried out a photometric analysis of a sample of early-type galaxies in Abell~1689 at z = 0.183, using HST/ACS archive images in the rest-frame V band. We performed a two-dimensional photometric decomposition of each galaxy surface-brightness distribution using the GASP2D fitting algorithm (Méndez-Abreu et al. 2008). We adopted both a Sérsic and de Vaucouleurs law. S0 galaxies were analysed also taking into account a disc component described by an exponential law. The derived photometric parameters, together with the ones previously obtained with the curve of growth method (Houghton et al. 2012), will be used to analyse the Fundamental Plane of Abell 1689 and quantify how it is affected by the use of different decomposition techniques (Dalla Bontà et al. 2013, in preparation). The stellar velocity dispersions of the sample galaxies were derived by using GEMINI-N/GMOS and VLT/FLAMES (D'Eugenio et al. 2013) spectroscopic data.
The rotation curve and the density model of the Milky Way
Authors: Golubov Oleksiy , Just Andreas 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe study the asymmetric drift in the Milky Way with the aid of the RAVE data. Then we apply the deduced asymmetric drift correction to the SEGUE data and reconstruct the behaviour of the rotation curve of the Milky Way in the extended solar neighbourhood. The rotation curve appears to be essentially flat. We supplement our data by tangent point measurements of the inner rotation curve and fit it by a density model of the Milky Way.
Chandra and VLA Observations of Supermassive Black Hole Outbursts in M87
Authors: Forman William , Jones C. , Churazov Eugene 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe discuss the effects of supermassive black hole (SMBH) outbursts on the hot atmospheres surrounding the central massive galaxies in groups and clusters, as observed with X-ray and radio observations. We focus on a detailed study of the supermassive black hole in M87 at the center of the Virgo cluster using Chandra and VLA observations. We summarize the outburst history and describe the clearly observed energy input from buoyant bubbles of relativistic plasma produced by the central SMBH, uplifted filaments of X-ray emitting gas, and the Mach 1.2 shock together balance the energy lost as gas radiatively cools.
Probing the QSO host galaxy evolution through the gas metallicity
Authors: Husemann B. , Wisotzki L. , Jahnke K. , Sánchez S. F. , Nugroho D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe use the spatially resolved gas-phase metallicity as a new diagnostic for tagging recent interactions in QSO host galaxies. With this technique we also identified a QSO with extremely low gas-phase metallicity as likely evidence for gas accretion from the environment.
Where the active galaxies live: a panchromatic view of radio-AGN in the AKARI-NEP field
Authors: Karouzos Marios , Im Myungshin , Trichas Markos ,   the AKARI-NEP team
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe study the host galaxy properties of radio sources in the AKARI-North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) field, using an ensemble of multi-wavelength datasets. We identify both radio-loud and radio-quiet AGN and study their host galaxy properties by means of SED fitting. We investigate the relative importance of nuclear and star-formation activity in radio-AGN and assess the role of radio-AGN as efficient quenchers of star-formation in their host galaxies.
All-sky catalog of local radio galaxies
Authors: van Velzen S. , Falcke H. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe final episode in the history of black hole accretion and galaxy formation takes place in our cosmic backyard, the local universe. Within this volume must also reside the — until now unknown — sources of observed ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). A thorough study of the local universe requires full-sky coverage to obtain a sizable sample and map the matter anisotropy. We recently constructed the first catalog of radio-emitting galaxies that meets this requirement. The sample contains all radio galaxies similar to Centaurus~A out to ~100 Mpc. Only 3% of the hosts of the powerful radio jets are classified as Spiral galaxies, while for non-radio galaxies of similar mass, this fraction is 34%. The energy injected by radio jets per unit volume indicates that Cen A-like radio galaxies have in principle sufficient power to accelerate cosmic rays to ultra-high energies. A significantly enhanced clustering of radio-loud galaxies compared to normal galaxies of the same luminosity is observed. This indicates a causal relation between galaxy environment and jet power, independent of black hole mass.
CALIFA survey: The spatially resolved star formation history of massive galaxies
Authors: Delgado Rosa González , Pérez Enrique , Fernandes Roberto Cid , García-Benito Rubén , de Amorim André , Sánchez Sebastian F. , Husemann Bernd , Fernández Rafael López , Cortijo Clara , Lacerda Eduardo , Mast Damian ,   the CALIFA collaboration
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) project is an ongoing 3D spectroscopic survey of 600 nearby galaxies of all kinds. This pioneer survey is providing valuable clues on how galaxies form and evolve. Processed through spectral synthesis techniques, CALIFA datacubes allow us to, for the first time, spatially resolve the star formation history of galaxies spread across the color-magnitude diagram. The richness of this approach is already evident from the results obtained for the first ~ 1/6 of the sample. Here we show how the different galactic spatial sub-components (“bulge” and “disk”) grow their stellar mass over time. We explore the results stacking galaxies in mass bins, finding that, except at the lowest masses, galaxies grow inside-out, and that the growth rate depends on a galaxy's mass. The growth rate of inner and outer regions differ maximally at intermediate masses. We also find a good correlation between the age radial gradient and the stellar mass density, suggesting that the local density is a main driver of galaxy evolution.
Optical and near-infrared color distributions of the NGC 4874 globular cluster system
Authors: Cho Hyejeon , Blakeslee John P. , Peng Eric W. , Lee Young-Wook 
Published: July 2013

AbstractExamining both optical and optical-infrared color distributions of the globular cluster (GC) systems in large elliptical galaxies is the key to study how non-linearities in the color-metallicity relations of their GC systems are linked to bimodal optical color distributions. In order to do this for the core of the Coma cluster of galaxies (Abell 1656), centered on the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 4874, we have combined F160W (H160) near-infrared (NIR) imaging data acquired with the Wide Field Camera 3 IR Channel (WFC3/IR), installed on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in 2009, with F475W (g475) and F814W (I814) optical imaging data from the HST Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). Since optical-NIR color distributions of extragalactic GC systems reflect the underlying features of the metallicity distributions, we have probed not only optical g475–I814 and optical-NIR I814–H160 color distributions but also the color-color relation for this GC system. The features of these color distributions have been quantitatively analyzed using the Gaussian Mixture Modeling code. We find that brighter GCs have a much redder mean color than fainter ones. The optical color distribution of the GC system in the Coma cluster core shows the typical bimodality, while the evidence for bimodality is significantly weaker in the optical-NIR color distribution.
Galactic structure studies with SCUSS and SDSS surveys
Authors: Du Cuihua , Peng Xiyan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBased on the South Galactic Cap U-band Sky Survey (SCUSS) and SDSS observations, we adopted the star-count method to analyze the stellar distribution in different directions of the Galaxy. We find that the scale height of the disk may be variable with the observed direction, which cannot simply be attributed to statistical errors. The main reason can be possibly attributed to the disk (mainly the thick disk) being flared, with a scale height increasing with radius. The axis ratio of the Galactic halo is in the range 0.4-0.6. This finding supports Galactic models with a flattened inner halo, partly formed through a merger early in the Galaxy's history.
Multi-wavelength study of star formation properties in barred galaxies
Authors: Zhou Zhi-Min , Cao Chen , Wu Hong 
Published: July 2013

AbstractStellar bars are important internal drivers of the secular evolution of disk galaxies. Using a sample of nearby barred galaxies with weak and strong bars, we evaluate the correlations between star formation properties in different galactic structures and their associated bars, and try to interpret the complex process of bar-driven secular evolution. We find that weaker bars tend to associate with lower concentrical star formation activities, while stronger bars appear to have large scatter in the distribution of the global star formation activities. In general, the star formation activities in early- and late-type galaxies have different behavior, with similar star formation rate density distributions. In addition, there are only weak trends toward increased star formation activities in bulges and galaxies with stronger bars, which is consistent with previous works. Our results suggest that the different stages of the evolutionary sequence and many factors besides bars may contribute to the complexity of this process. Furthermore, significant correlations are found between the star formation activities in different galactic structures, in which barred galaxies with intense star formation in bulges tend to also have active star formation in their bars and disks. Most bulges have higher star formation densities than their associated bars and disks, indicating the presence of bar-driven evolution. Therefore, we derived a possible criterion (Figure 1) to quantify the different stages of a bar-driven evolutionary sequence. Future work is needed to improve on the uncertainties of this study.
Origin and Ionization of the Warm Ionized Gas in Massive Early-type Galaxies
Authors: Yan Renbin , Blanton Michael R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMost early-type galaxies are not devoid of cold and warm gas. The origin and ionization of this gas reveal the intriguing ongoing evolution of these galaxies. In most cases, the warm ionized gas shows emission-line spectra similar to low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs). Their ionization mechanism has been hotly debated. We will present evidence from line ratio gradient that rules out AGN and shocks as the dominant ionization mechanism, and suggests the ionizing sources follow the stellar density profile. Hot evolved stars are the favorite candidates but bring new puzzles.This finding allows us to obtain a gas-phase metallicity calibration in these early-type galaxies, using the line emission. We will show how the metallicity of the warm gas depends on stellar mass and stellar age, and what it tells us about the origin of the warm gas in these galaxies.
Modelling the formation of today's massive ellipticals
Authors: Naab Thorsten 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe discovery of a population of massive, compact and quiescent early-type galaxies has changed the view on plausible formation scenarios for the present day population of elliptical galaxies. Traditionally assumed formation histories dominated by 'single events' like early collapse or major mergers appear to be incomplete and have to be embedded in the context of hierarchical cosmological models with continuous gas accretion and the merging of small stellar systems (minor mergers). Once these processes are consistently taken into account the hierarchical models favor a two-phase assembly process and are in much better shape to capture the observed trends. We review some aspects of recent progress in the field.
Designing tensile ductility in metallic glasses
Authors: Sarac Baran , Schroers Jan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEffectiveness of a second phase in metallic glass heterostructures to improve mechanical properties varies widely. Unfortunately, methods to fabricate such heterostructures like foams and composites do not allow controlled variation of structural features. Here we report a novel strategy, which allows us to vary heterostructural features independently, thereby enabling a systematic and quantitative study. Our approach reveals the optimal microstructural architecture for metallic glass heterostructures to achieve tensile ductility. Critical design aspect is a soft second phase, which is most effective when spacing between the second phase assumes the critical crack length of the metallic glass. This spacing should coincide with the second phase’s size, and beyond, the specific second phase morphology of the heterostructure is crucial. These toughening strategies are only effective in samples that are large compared with the spacing of the second phase. The identified design aspects provide guidance in designing tensile ductility into metallic glasses.
Forecasting large aftershocks within one day after the main shock
Authors: Omi Takahiro , Ogata Yosihiko , Hirata Yoshito , Aihara Kazuyuki 
Published: July 2013

AbstractForecasting the aftershock probability has been performed by the authorities to mitigate hazards in the disaster area after a main shock. However, despite the fact that most of large aftershocks occur within a day from the main shock, the operational forecasting has been very difficult during this time-period due to incomplete recording of early aftershocks. Here we propose a real-time method for efficiently forecasting the occurrence rates of potential aftershocks using systematically incomplete observations that are available in a few hours after the main shocks. We demonstrate the method's utility by retrospective early forecasting of the aftershock activity of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake of M9.0 in Japan. Furthermore, we compare the results by the real-time data with the compiled preliminary data to examine robustness of the present method for the aftershocks of a recent inland earthquake in Japan.
Floquet bound states in the continuum
Authors: Longhi Stefano , Valle Giuseppe Della 
Published: July 2013

AbstractQuantum mechanics predicts that certain stationary potentials can sustain bound states with an energy buried in the continuous spectrum of scattered states, the so-called bound states in the continuum (BIC). Originally regarded as mathematical curiosities, BIC have found an increasing interest in recent years, particularly in quantum and classical transport of matter and optical waves in mesoscopic and photonic systems where the underlying potential can be judiciously tailored. Most of our knowledge of BIC is so far restricted to static potentials. Here we introduce a new kind of BIC, referred to as Floquet BIC, which corresponds to a normalizable Floquet state of a time-periodic Hamiltonian with a quasienergy embedded into the spectrum of Floquet scattered states. We discuss the appearance of Floquet BIC states in a tight-binding lattice model driven by an ac field in the proximity of the dynamic localization regime.
Matching with Couples: Stability and Incentives in Large Markets*
Authors: Kojima Fuhito , Pathak Parag A. , Roth Alvin E. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Accommodating couples has been a long-standing issue in the design of centralized labor market clearinghouses for doctors and psychologists, because couples view pairs of jobs as complements. A stable matching may not exist when couples are present. This article’s main result is that a stable matching exists when there are relatively few couples and preference lists are sufficiently short relative to market size. We also discuss incentives in markets with couples. We relate these theoretical results to the job market for psychologists, in which stable matchings exist for all years of the data, despite the presence of couples.
Efficacy and Safety of Rabeprazole in Children (1–11 Years) With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Haddad Ibrahim , Kierkus Jaroslaw , Tron Eduardo , Ulmer April , Hu Peter , Sloan Sheldon , Silber Steven , Leitz Gerhard 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:Evaluate the efficacy and safety of rabeprazole in children, 1 to 11 years old, with endoscopically/histologically proven gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Methods:Children were randomized to 0.5‐ or 1.0‐mg/kg rabeprazole granule formulation for 12 weeks. The dose was further determined by weight: children 6 to 14.9 kg (low‐weight cohort) received 5 or 10 mg and children ≥15 kg (high‐weight cohort) received 10 or 20 mg. The primary endpoint was endoscopic/histologic healing at week 12 (defined as grade 0 on the Hetzel‐Dent classification scale and/or grade 0 on the Histological Features of Reflux Esophagitis scale).Results:Overall, 81% (87/108) achieved endoscopic/histologic healing at week 12 with higher healing in the low‐weight cohort (82% [5‐mg dose], 94% [10‐mg dose]) compared with high‐weight cohort (76% [10‐mg dose], 78% [20‐mg dose]). There was a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the mean Total GERD Symptoms and Severity score from 19.7 points (baseline) to 8.6 points (week 12), with 26% fewer children reporting GERD symptoms at week 12. The average frequency of symptoms per child decreased from 7.7 (week 1) to 4.7 (week 12). The GERD Symptom Relief score showed that 71% of children felt better, 81% were rated “good to excellent” on the Global Treatment Satisfaction scale by the investigator; 77% were rated “good to excellent” on the Clinical Global Impressions‐Improvement scale by the parent/caregiver. The most common (>10%) treatment‐emergent adverse events included cough and vomiting (14% each), abdominal pain (12%), and diarrhea (11%).Conclusions:Rabeprazole was effective and safe in 1‐ to 11‐year‐old children with GERD.
SASET: a program for series analysis of small-angle scattering data
Authors: Muthig Michael , Prévost Sylvain , Orglmeister Reinhold , Gradzielski Michael 
Published: July 2013

This article presents a new program that allows highly automatized analyses of series of, especially, anisotropic two-dimensional neutron and X-ray small-angle scattering data as well as one-dimensional data series. The main aim of this work was to reduce the effort of the analysis of complex scattering systems, which remains an essential burden in the evaluation process of complex systems. The program is built in a modular manner to support a stepwise analysis of small-angle scattering data. For example, from a two-dimensional data series, features such as anisotropy or changes of the preferred scattering direction or intensities along the radial or azimuthal directions as well as along the series axis (e.g. time axis) can quickly be extracted. Different anisotropy measurement methods are available, which are described herein. In a second step, physical scattering models can be fitted to the extracted data. More complex models can be easily added. The fitting procedure can be applied with nearly every possible constraint and works automatically on whole scattering data series. Furthermore, simultaneous fitting can be used to analyze coupled series, and parallel working methods are implemented to speed up the code execution. Finally, results can be easily visualized. The name of the program isSASET, which is an acronym standing for small-angle scattering evaluation tool.SASETis based on MATLAB.
FORUM: Challenges and future directions in urban afforestation
Authors: Oldfield Emily E. , Warren Robert J. , Felson Alexander J. , Bradford Mark A. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryMature urban trees improve air quality, reduce storm water run‐off and sequester carbon. Municipal agencies establish forests of native juvenile trees to enhance these and other ecosystem services to cities. Little data exist, however, regarding whether these trees will form mature, native forests.We review urban forestry research that deals specifically with the growth, survival and recruitment of new native urban forests and use these data to identify knowledge gaps and propose research needed to create and maintain native urban forests.Experimental urban forestry studies are few and most are of durations ≤5 years, shorter than the 10–25 year time frame required to understand forest stand dynamics. Studies capturing initial dynamics of urban afforestation (≤5 years) identify invasive species as the primary threat to native tree establishment. Data exploring longer‐term dynamics are needed to evaluate whether early‐stage afforestation dynamics can be used to infer the composition and function of mature urban forests.Synthesis and applications. Urban afforestation approaches – from natural colonization to large‐scale plantings – represent a trade‐off in cost vs. efficacy for establishing native forests. A major cost‐saving strategy would be to determine whether exotics and natives can co‐exist and provide the intended ecosystem services.