bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Change in FRAX Score Be Used to “Treat to Target”? A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Leslie William D , Majumdar Sumit R , Lix Lisa M , Morin Suzanne N , Johansson Helena , Odén Anders , McCloskey Eugene V , Kanis John A 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

It is unknown how responsive the Fracture Risk Assessment (FRAX) tool is to osteoporosis treatment (OTX) or whether it can serve as a target for “goal-directed” treatment. We studied 11,049 untreated women aged ≥50 years undergoing baseline and follow-up DXA examinations in Manitoba, Canada. We identified clinical risk factors, intervening OTX based on medication possession ratios (MPR), and incident fractures. FRAX scores for major osteoporotic and hip fractures were computed for each scan using the most current (updated) FRAX inputs. Over 4 years, median FRAX scores showed an increase of 1.1% for major fractures and 0.3% for hip fractures, including women highly adherent to OTX (0.6% and 0.1% increases). Few (2.2%) highly adherent women had a decrease in major fracture probability exceeding 4%, whereas 9.0% had a decrease in hip fracture probability exceeding 1%. Compared with untreated women, OTX was associated with a higher dose-dependent likelihood of attenuating the expected increase in major fracture risk: adjusted odds ratios (aOR) 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8–2.9) for MPR &lt;0.50; 7.3 (95% CI 5.6–9.6) for MPR 0.50–0.79; and 12.0 (95% CI 9.5–15.2) for MPR ≥0.80. In the 4 years after the second DXA scan, 620 (6%) women had major fractures (152 hip fractures). FRAX scores were strongly predictive of incident major fractures (adjusted hazard ratios [aHR] per SD increase in FRAX 1.8, 95% CI 1.7–1.9) and hip fractures (aHR per SD 4.5, 95% CI 3.7–5.7); however, change in FRAX score was not independently associated with major fracture (p = 0.8) or hip fracture (p = 0.3). In conclusion, FRAX scores slowly increased over time, and this increase was attenuated but not prevented by treatment. Few women had meaningful reductions in FRAX scores, and change in FRAX score did not independently predict incident fracture, suggesting that FRAX with BMD is not responsive enough to be used as a target for goal-directed treatment. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Design of negative metamaterial cell with nematic liquid crystal operating in M band
Authors: Tarnowski Karol , Salejda Włodzimierz 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA design of a tunable metamaterial cell operating at 85 GHz based on split ring resonators and thin wires is presented. A tunability of the transmission characteristic is assured by a nematic liquid crystal layer. Numerical simulations performed with the finite element method for different orientations of liquid crystal molecules allowed to determine the tunablity range for the resonance frequency and the real part of the effective refractive index. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:39–41, 2014
Compact four‐loop‐antenna system for concurrent, 2.4‐ and 5‐GHz WLAN operation
Authors: Su Saou‐Wen 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA new, small‐sized, multiple‐loop‐antenna system easily constructed from a single metal plate and able to generate concurrent 2.4 and 5 GHz bands for wireless local area network (WLAN) operation is presented. The design comprises four one‐wavelength loop antennas, arranged perpendicular to and set along a square antenna ground, and occupies overall dimensions 10 mm × 75 mm × 75 mm. The four loops and the antenna ground were all integrated into one‐piece flat plate. The loop was bent few times in a compact fashion such that parts of the antenna resonance path were merged into the ground plane. In this case, a multiantenna system with a simple structure and compact size was achieved for the WLAN applications. Good radiation characteristics were also obtained. Details of the design are described in the article. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:208–215, 2014
The design of double ridge waveguide filter using conventional stepped impedance low‐pass filter method
Authors: Yazdani Mohsen , Murphy Luke , Mallahzadeh Alireza , Arvas Ercument , Mautz Joseph 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA simple design procedure for a double ridge waveguide low‐pass filter (LPF) is proposed in this article. The procedure follows similar steps involved in a stepped impedance microstrip LPF. The starting point is calculating lumped element low‐pass prototypes and converting them to the double ridge waveguide sections. Step discontinuities are also studied and a lumped element model is proposed by comparing S parameters calculated by HFSS software. The results are then applied to design a six order maximally flat double ridge LPF with 4 GHz cutoff frequency. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:120–124, 2014
Modeling and characterization of spiral resonators embedded in suspended microstrip line for application in low‐loss diplexer
Authors: Gorski Przemyslaw , Jaworski G. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThis article presents the design and realization of anovel, low‐loss, compact diplexer providing high selectivity and verygood separation between very narrow spaced working channels for application in the ESEO satellite transceiver. The diplexer is based on spiral resonators (SR) embedded in the suspended microstrip line and forming band‐stop filter structures. For design purpose, the equivalent‐circuit model of the SR resonator embedded in microstrip line is derived, analyzed, and verified. The influence of the model parameters on S11 and S21 characteristics has been studied and discussed. The double stage filter with embedded SR resonators has been described. A novel method is proposed to precisely control the filter selectivity, bandwidth, and the position of S11 minimum. The filter has been applied in the diplexer design. The measured performance of the manufactured diplexer prototype exhibits good properties and good agreement with the simulation results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:131–135, 2014
Triple‐band compact monopole antenna with modified SS‐CML units loading
Authors: Deng Sheng‐Liang , Li Rui , Xie Jiao‐Jiao , Yin Ying‐Zeng 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTTriple‐band compact monopole antenna with SS‐CML units loading is proposed in this article. On the basis of mathematical analysis to equal electrical length SS‐CML unit, extended analysis to the unequal case is done. The design method is presented by CRLH‐TL theory. The multifrequency performance of the antenna by changing the current phase through the monopole is achieved. Simulated results show that the antenna can operate at three separate frequency bands of 1.36–1.69 GHz 2.17–2.59 GHz, and 3.38–3.83 GHz, with return loss less than −10 dB. Measurements and EM simulations are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:152–158, 2014
Swept‐frequency order‐recursive method of moments for the efficient analysis of resonant microwave circuits
Authors: Naishadham Krishna 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn the analysis of resonant microwave circuits by the method of moments (MoM), we typically subdivide the surface in terms of cell density determined by the smallest wavelength and compute the response at several frequencies using this single mesh. Although interpolation can be used in frequency, this approach typically involves matrix operations of complexity O (kN3) at the k discrete frequencies of MoM computation, and can become prohibitive for large structures. In this article, we develop an order‐recursive method for solving the linear system, wherein the solution at the higher frequencies is iteratively constructed from the LU decomposition at the lower frequencies without having to solve the linear system from scratch at each frequency. The proposed order‐recursive MoM allows for systematic adaptive gridding with the increase in frequency, and results in a large portion of matrix recomputation to be avoided, potentially enabling significant reduction in computation time and memory. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:195–198, 2014
Reduction of cross polar radiation of a dual trace omnidirectional microstrip antenna array by using dumbbell‐shaped resonator
Authors: Ghosh Chandan Kumar , Parui Susanta Kumar 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA compact dual trace omnidirectional microstrip antenna array (DTOMAA) has been designed for WLAN application. The array is then integrated with dumbbell‐shaped resonator (DSR) for reducing cross‐polar (XP) radiation. The antenna is composed of five rectangular‐shaped patch elements arranged alternately on the top and bottom surfaces of the substrate. The antenna exhibits a gain of 12.0 dBi, band width (BW) of 250 GHz, and return loss (RL) of −26 dB. By the introduction of DSR, the XP level is reduced by 7.0 dB without affecting other characteristics like copolar radiation, resonance frequency, and BW of the array. Simulated results show that the proposed antenna offers good impedance matching, high gain, and bandwidth. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measured values. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:141–145, 2014
Wideband circularly polarized conformal strip fed three layer hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna with parasitic patch
Authors: Kakade Anandrao B. , Kumbhar M. S. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn this work, a circularly polarized conformal strip fed three‐layer hemispherical dielectric resonator antenna (HDRA) with parasitic patch is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The effect of position of conformal strip and parasitic patch at first and third dielectric layer interfaces of three‐layer HDRA is investigated for impedance and axial ratio (AR) bandwidths. The optimized permittivities of the layers and conformal strip and patch locations are found for three‐layer HDRA to realize wide impedance and AR bandwidths. The antenna structure is analyzed using Green's function and method of moments approach. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:72–77, 2014
Design equations for dual wideband matching of capacitive coupling element antennas
Authors: Lehtovuori Anu , Valkonen Risto , Ryynänen Jussi , Valtonen Martti 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTTo promote efficient design of dual‐band antennas, this article proposes a diplexer‐type matching topology and presents simple formulae to design dual‐band matching networks for capacitive coupling element antennas having strongly frequency‐dependent impedances. Various realistic examples show that wide passbands in cellular communication frequencies can be achieved with only four matching elements. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:236–240, 2014
A compact 4 × 4 butler matrix on double‐layer substrate
Authors: Ausordin Siti Fatimah , Abdul Rahim Sharul Kamal , Seman Norhudah , Dewan Raimi , Sa'ad BashirMuhammad 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA novel 4 × 4 Butler matrix (BM) on double‐layer substrate is presented. The design of the multilayered BM configuration successfully removes the need for a crossover component by utilizing a double‐layer substrate structure. With the elimination of the crossover, space consumption by the microwave circuit of the BM is reduced significantly. The BM is developed by means of four proposed 3‐dB compact couplers using dual transmission lines on a double‐layer substrate and two 45° phase shifters. The proposed BM components are designed using CST Microwave Studio 2010 and fabricated using inexpensive FR‐4 substrate to operate at 2.45 GHz. The simulated and measured performances in terms of S‐parameters and phase differences for each 3 dB coupler, 45° phase shifter, and BM are presented. Good agreement in beam direction results between the MATLAB (matrix laboratory) simulator and measurement is accomplished with a deviation of ±8°. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:223–229, 2014
Very compact multiband chip antenna for GNSS‐WiFi‐WiMax applications
Authors: Ren Yu‐Jiun , Warden James 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA very compact multiband internal antenna for handsets and tablets is presented. The proposed antenna is targeted to cover popular noncellular applications including GNSS, WiFi (IEEE 802.11a/b/g), and WiMax (Bands 3A/4/5). This work examines a new ceramic material suitable for the internal antenna design which gives a shorter guided wavelength and multiple resonances to achieve antenna size reduction, sufficient space utilization, and bandwidth increase. The occupied volume of the antenna radiator is only 12 × 4 × 3 mm3, approximately equal to 0.06λm × 0.02λm × 0.016λm (λm is the longest wavelength of the applications) so the antenna can be placed in the device flexibly. The proposed antenna should be the smallest antenna covering GNSS‐WiFi‐WiMax ever reported. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:169–175, 2014
An M‐shaped monopole‐like slot UWB antenna
Authors: Shrivastava Manoj K. , Gautam A. K. , Kanaujia Binod K. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAn M‐shaped monopole‐like slot Ultra wideband (UWB) antenna is proposed for UWB applications. The proposed antenna usages, an M‐shaped radiator in place of the conventional monopole patch antenna to achieve UWB frequency. The ground plane is also modified by cutting rectangular slots. Therefore, the ground plane works like a radiator that resonates at lower band of UWB. The antenna is practically fabricated and simulated. Measured results show a good agreement with simulated results. The prototype with compact overall size of 36 mm × 36 mm × 1.6 mm achieves good impedance matching, constant gain, and stable radiation patterns over an operating bandwidth of 2.38–12.40 GHz (10.02 GHz). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:127–131, 2014
In line 40 Gb/s group‐velocity dispersion monitoring
Authors: Sousa A. , Andre P. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, we propose a technique to monitor the group‐velocity dispersion (GVD) of an optical signal modulated at 40 Gb/s. The described method is based on the measurement of the electrical signal power at the clock frequency and is able to return the magnitude value and sign of the GVD. We show that this technique is capable to return the GVD in the range [−60, 60] ps/nm, with an error of 3 ps/nm. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:206–208, 2014
A compact, 36 to 72 GHz 15.8 dBm power amplifier with 66.7% fractional bandwidth in 45 nm SOI CMOS
Authors: Tai Wei , Ricketts David S. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA 36 to 72 GHz wideband power amplifier (PA) in 45‐nm silicon‐on‐insulator CMOS is presented. The PA adopts a two‐stage cascode topology, in which counterposed resonances in the matching networks enable a 3‐dB output power bandwidth of 36 GHz. This bandwidth represents a 66.7% fractional bandwidth—a 1.8X improvement over previously reported CMOS V‐band PAs. At 62 GHz, the PA achieves a peak output power of 15.8 dBm, a gain of 16.9 dB, and 9.4% power‐added efficiency using a 2.2‐V supply. The PA has the largest output power and smallest die area among reported wideband (BW > 30%) millimeter‐wave PAs in CMOS. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:166–169, 2014
100 ps Optical pulse generator using laser diodes for visible light communication applications
Authors: Binh P. H. , Trong V. D. , Renucci P. , Marie X. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTWe present a simple ultrashort optical pulse generator based on step recovery diode, short‐circuited transmission line and relaxation oscillation effect suppression with reduced dc bias. Experimental results achieved a 80‐ps optical pulse with 655 nm AlGaInP laser diode (LD) and a 200‐ps optical pulse with 420‐nm GaN‐based LD. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:185–187, 2014
High CM suppression balanced BPF with two CM transmission zeros
Authors: Deng Hong‐wei , Zhao Yong‐jiu , Fu Yong , He Ying , Zhang Lu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA new compact, low insertion loss, and wide stopband balanced bandpass filter (BPF) with two common‐mode (CM) transmission zeros within the differential‐mode (DM) passband is designed in this article. The DM filtering topology is formed by two quarter‐wavelength resonators and a short stub loaded source‐load coupling structure which can generate new transmission zeros to improve the selectivity and suppress the harmonic to widen the stopband. The center‐loaded step‐impedance open stub can be applied to misalign two CM fundamental resonant frequencies, meanwhile adjust one CM transmission zero to the DM passband. To enhance the CM suppression within the DM passband, another CM transmission zero is created by the folded stub loaded in the 50‐Ω input feedline which creates the first DM transmission zero located at 2
(
is the center frequency of DM passband) and has little effect on the DM in‐band and lower‐stopband performance. Finally, a high CM suppression balanced BPF prototype for WLAN application is designed and fabricated. The simulated and measured results show a good agreement. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:135–141, 2014
A novel compact microstrip dual‐mode wideband bandpass filter design using tuning stubs
Authors: Gorur Ali K. , Karpuz Ceyhun , Ozek Ahmet , Ozdemir Pinar O. , Karaca Zuhra 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, a novel dual‐mode wideband bandpass filter having tuning stubs is proposed. Proposed filter has two stopbands in the lower and higher sides of the passband as the filter is configured as a bandstop filter by using direct‐connected feedlines. Hence, a passband can be created inside a wide stopband by means of the open‐circuited stubs, which are called as tuning stubs, located into the opposite corners of the input and output (I/O) ports, which are arranged so as to form a quarter wavelength resonator. Tuning stubs are placed inside a meander loop resonator to keep the compact configuration. On the other hand, center frequency of the passband can be controlled by changing the lengths of the tuning stubs. Additionally, by means of a perturbation patch placed at the orthogonal corner of the loop resonator, selectivity of the passband can also be controlled by exciting the degenerate modes of the side stopbands. Designed filter has been fabricated, simulated and measured in a good agreement. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:47–49, 2014
Three‐port cascade de‐embedding methodology with the dangling leg effect considered for pHEMT electron trapping characterization at microwave frequency
Authors: Lee Chie‐In , Lin Wei‐Cheng , Lin Yan‐Ting 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA three‐port cascade de‐embedding procedure utilized to accurately eliminate the source dangling leg effect of a pseudomorphic High Electron Mobility Transistor (pHEMT) test structure without shielding is presented. The measured device under test (DUT) is de‐embedded by using the experimental and electromagnetic (EM) simulated data of dummy structures and their difference is below 1%. In addition, the extracted equivalent circuit parameters of the pHEMT exhibit the frequency‐independent characteristics, indicating the dangling leg parasitic is removed accurately. These demonstrate that the presented three‐port cascade de‐embedding method is valid so that the de‐embedded results of the pHEMT can reflect the physical electron trapping effect at microwave frequency. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:77–83, 2014
64QAM‐OFDM‐based millimeter‐wave access system using DMT modulation and electrical self‐mixing
Authors: Tan Zefu , Shao Yufeng , Sun Yanjing , Wang Shikui , Luo Yingxiang 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA novel 60‐GHz optical millimeter‐wave access system with 5 Gb/s 64QAM‐OFDM downlink signals generated by discrete multitone (DMT) modulation, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. 5Gb/s 64QAM‐OFDM signals are successfully transmitted over 42 km SMF‐28 and a 0.5 m wireless channel. The proposed self‐mixing down‐conversion is adopted in the system, and which can simplify the transmitter and receiver configuration, since it eliminates the need for high‐frequency microwave source at the central station and local oscillator at the base station. The experimental results demonstrate 64QAM‐OFDM downstream signals has higher spectra‐efficiency and lower receiver sensitivity penalty than 16QAM‐OFDM using DMT modulation and electrical self‐mixing. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:259–262, 2014
Resourcefulness Training for Grandmothers: Preliminary Evidence of Effectiveness
Authors: Zauszniewski Jaclene A. , Musil Carol M. , Burant Christopher J. , Au Tsay‐Yi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this pilot study of 102 grandmothers raising grandchildren, we used a quasi‐experimental, repeated measures design to examine effects of resourcefulness training reinforced by expressive writing (journaling) or verbal disclosure (digital voice recording) in reducing stress and depressive symptoms and enhancing quality of life. Resourcefulness training was compared with expressive writing, verbal disclosure, and attention control conditions. Both the expressive writing and verbal disclosure methods for reinforcing resourcefulness training were more effective than the other three conditions in reducing stress and depressive symptoms and improving quality of life. No difference was found between the two reinforcement methods. Grandmothers may benefit from learning resourcefulness skills and from practicing them in ways that best fit their needs and lifestyles. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Calorie reductions and within‐meal calorie compensation in children's meal combos
Authors: Wansink Brian , Hanks Andrew S. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveWhat happens if a fast‐food restaurant chain lowers the calories in a children's meal bundle (CMB), mainly by reducing the portion size of French fries? This study examines how such changes may influence within‐meal selections. Specifically, do lower‐calorie changes lead to within‐meal calorie compensation?MethodsItem‐level anonymous transaction data were collected for thirty chain‐owned representative US restaurants during June, July, and August of 2011 (pre‐changes) and 2012 (post‐changes) with a focus on transaction records that included a CMB. Mixed‐effects, repeated measures estimation techniques were used for the analysis. Outcome measures were the percentage and caloric profile of specific entrée items, side items, and beverages purchased in all children selecting meals.ResultsThe new CMB resulted in selected children's meals that had an average of 18.8% fewer calories (P < 0.001). Additionally, a greater percentage of meals had milk (P < 0.001) compared to the prior year.ConclusionSmall changes in the automatic—or default—foods offered or promoted in children's meals can reduce calorie intake and improve the overall nutrition from selected foods as long as there is still an indulgence. Importantly, balancing a meal with smaller portions of favored foods might avoid reactance and overeating. Just as managers have done this in restaurants, parents can do this at home.