bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Application of Geophysical Survey in Archaeological Research in Belgium: Current State and Future Perspectives
Authors: Verhegge Jeroen , De Smedt Philippe , Meylemans Erwin , Bosquet Dominique , Verdonck Lieven , De Clercq Wim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSince its earliest applications in the 1970s, geophysical survey has been applied increasingly in Belgian archaeology. This was particularly the case within Flanders over the past decade. Academic archaeological research has played a fundamental role in disseminating available techniques, such as electrical resistance and magnetometer survey, and in advancing the use of electromagnetic induction- and ground penetrating radar instruments for archaeological prospection specifically. However, the dissemination of this expertise remains in its infancy and adoption in Brussels and Wallonia lingers behind. Although Flanders has seen a strong increase in such surveys over the past decade, the share that geophysical techniques take up in development-led archaeology pales to significantly wider used invasive prospection methods. Both a lack of tradition in archaeological geophysics as well as the dominance of systematic trial trenching as a prospection method underlie this slow uptake of geophysical approaches in development-led archaeology. In contrast, geophysical survey does play a significant role in academic (landscape) archaeological research and in the investigation of archaeological sites for scheduling. Within this general situation, the use of geophysical methods in Belgium is geared primarily towards specific expected types of sites, but, within the heterogeneous geological landscape, spans a wide range of environments.While progress has been made continually over the past decade, much room remains for further optimisation of the use of geophysical methods in Belgian archaeology. Here, improving protocols for the integration of complementary, invasive and non-invasive, survey methods adapted to the diverse geological and archaeological circumstances remains a key challenge. To enable these advances, current efforts to provide such a methodological framework, along with existing expertise across the nation, have to be disseminated beyond academic circles through initiatives, such as dedicated (post-)academic training and inclusion of both archaeologists and archaeological geophysicists. Hereby, the consolidation of a robust legislative framework, adhering to EAC guidelines, is required for implementing geophysics in (development-led) archaeology sustainably, similar to e.g. trial trenching. This should safeguard the quality, archiving, accessibility, and interoperability of resultant data.
Synergy of Environmental Magnetism and Archaeomagnetism for the Benefit of Archaeology—State of the Art in Bulgaria
Authors: Jordanova Neli , Jordanova Diana , Kostadinova-Avramova Maria 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnvironmental magnetism is recognised as a sensitive tool for reconstructing various processes related to the iron cycling in the terrestrial environment. Besides, archaeomagnetism as an interdisciplinary method in archaeology provides geophysical tools for dating and synchronisation of burnt clay remains throughout the last ~8000 years. Linking both research directions opens up far-reaching opportunities for a complex characterisation of ancient human occupation and its impact on the environment. In this contribution, we summarise the state of the art in the synergetic application of the archaeo- and environmental magnetism carried out in Bulgaria during the last decades. We showcase various examples from our practice to demonstrate the potential of this approach for enhancing our understanding of the ancient world.
Research Approach: Introduction to SUMP and AVENUE Methodology
Authors: Nemoto Eliane Horschutz , van den Boom Nicole , Thalhofer Michael , Fournier Guy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces the AVENUE sustainability assessment methodology, which is rooted in the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) framework to formulate a comprehensive approach to an urban mobility assessment. The chapter explores how the AVENUE project is adapting to SUMP by improving public transport and incorporating innovative mobility solutions like automated vehicles (AVs) and Mobility as a Service (MaaS). Through an interdisciplinary lens, this chapter details how the different work packages of the AVENUE project contribute to an integrated and sustainable urban mobility ecosystem assessment. It emphasises the crucial role of stakeholder engagement in shaping mobility solutions that are not only technologically advanced, but also environmentally sustainable, economically viable and socially inclusive. The chapter demonstrates the practical application of SUMP principles in different urban environments, providing valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners and the mobility sector in general. This research underlines the importance of a holistic assessment framework that includes environmental, economic and social impact assessments and also technical and governance issues. It provides a possible interdisciplinary methodology to assess all the facets of future sustainable urban mobility developments.
Environmental Impact Assessment: Automated Minibuses for Public Transport
Authors: Viere Tobias , Boos Adrian , van den Boom Nicole , Benyahya Meriem , Moussa Maher Ben , Fournier Guy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the environmental impacts of integrating automated minibuses into public transport systems, focusing on the trade-offs between energy savings and increased energy demand due to connectivity and automation features. A comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to analyse the potential environmental benefits and problems of automated minibuses. The results show that the environmental benefits of these vehicles depend significantly on the electricity mix for charging, passenger occupancy, and vehicle utilisation throughout their lifetime. In particular, scenarios with renewable energy sources, high passenger occupancy, and optimal vehicle utilisation show the significant potential of automated minibuses to contribute to a more sustainable transport system. This study highlights the importance of holistic considerations, including technological, operational, and infrastructural factors, in maximising the environmental benefits of automated minibuses in urban mobility. It provides a nuanced understanding of the conditions under which automated minibuses can act as a catalyst for the transition to greener public transport.
Social Impact Assessment: Changing Mobility Behaviour by Understanding Customer Needs and Attitudes
Authors: Duffner-Korbee Dorien , Naderer Gabriele , Liebhauser Niklas , Fournier Guy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents results from the AVENUE social impact assessment. The assessment focuses on the social impacts of the deployment of automated minibuses in the four official AVENUE cities: Luxembourg, Copenhagen, Geneva, and Lyon. The following studies have been conducted: (1) a qualitative study on mobility needs, mobility gaps, and expectations on automated minibuses in the pilot site Nordhavn, in Copenhagen, Denmark, as well as in a potential replicator site in Singen, Germany; (2) a quantitative, representative study on mobility behaviour, attitudes on automated minibuses, and social acceptance of automated minibuses in the four AVENUE cities; and (3) a study on user experiences of passengers of the automated minibuses service in Nordhavn, Copenhagen. This social impact assessment revealed that the majority of citizens have not yet adopted a clear position towards automated minibuses (AM) but rather a positive, open-minded (benevolent) attitude. As there are no stable attitudes yet, there is a possibility to influence (nudge) preferences through well-targeted communication campaigns. The willingness to use the automated minibus service is higher when it is offered on-demand, door-to-door, integrated into a public transport system. The automated minibus is considered as an alternative to the use of their private car, with 45% of car drivers ‘willing’ (22%) or even ‘very willing’ (23%) to give up using their own car to use automated minibuses to bridge the first and the last mile. In addition, users of the automated minibus are generally satisfied with this experience, which even leads to increasing acceptance and a reduction of perceived risks compared to non-users. An important prerequisite for users to shift from using their private car to an automated minibus service is to increase flexibility of use by providing an on-demand, door-to-door service. If an automated minibus is integrated into the urban public and private transport system, it has the potential to become a real game changer for urban mobility. The integration of automated minibuses therefore represents a real system innovation that takes into account the mobility needs of potential users.
Governance Impact Assessment, Regulatory Recommendations and Challenges
Authors: Binz Lionel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter critically examines the regulatory and governance challenges posed by the deployment of automated vehicles (AVs) and highlights the need for adaptable laws and governance models to accommodate AVs in public transport systems. Various governance approaches are described, including global, state, self-directed, cooperative, social, technological and financial governance, and their importance in the context of AV regulation is highlighted. The discussion highlights the need for an integrated, collaborative regulatory approach that recognises the unique characteristics of AVs and argues for the harmonisation of laws at different levels to facilitate this transition. Through a comprehensive analysis, the chapter highlights the multiple impacts of AVs on legal and societal domains and presents a set of legal recommendations for authorities. These recommendations emphasise governance that not only promotes societal benefits but also addresses critical ethical, privacy and liability concerns. By charting a path towards a governance framework that supports the safe and beneficial integration of AVs into urban mobility, this chapter contributes valuable insights into overcoming the legal and regulatory hurdles that stand in the way of realising the full potential of automated public transport systems.
Automated Minibuses: State of the Art and Improvements Through AVENUE
Authors: Chehwan Pierre 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter looks at advances in automated vehicle (AV) technology, focusing on the central role of AVs in revolutionizing public transport as part of the AVENUE project. It traces the path of AV development, highlighting NAVYA’s pioneering contributions and the significant technological advances that have been achieved. The chapter describes the evolution of NAVYA technology and the disruption of the transport ecosystem during the ambitious goals of the AVENUE project. The project’s mission to integrate automated minibuses into the public transport ecosystem is critically analyzed, highlighting operational innovations, the integration of on-demand door-to-door services, and the comprehensive management of an AV ecosystem. Technology, legal, and regulatory challenges and continuous improvements in AV software and hardware are discussed, emphasizing NAVYA’s influential position in the European AV landscape. The chapter concludes with a reflection on the implications of the AVENUE project for future technological directions, emphasizing the wider implications for automated mobility and the need to navigate the complex interplay of innovation, regulation, and public acceptance.
Technical Cybersecurity Implementation on Automated Minibuses with Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)
Authors: Papadakis Athanasios , Lalas Antonios , Petridou Sofia , Votis Konstantinos , Tzovaras Dimitrios 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the integration of security information and event management (SIEM) systems into the cybersecurity infrastructure of automated minibuses to emphasize their critical importance in today’s urban mobility ecosystems. As automated minibuses become an integral part of smart city initiatives, ensuring their cybersecurity is critical in the context of increasingly sophisticated cyber threats. SIEM systems are becoming indispensable tools for detecting, responding to, and mitigating such threats through real-time monitoring, data collection, and analysis from multiple sources. This chapter examines various open-source SIEM solutions, their operational benefits, and the challenges associated with implementing these cybersecurity measures in automated mobility. It addresses the critical need for advanced security protocols, customization to meet specific operational requirements, and the balance between comprehensive cybersecurity coverage and resource constraints. Through an analysis of common SIEM platforms and their application to protect automated minibuses from cyber threats, the chapter highlights the critical role of SIEM in strengthening the cybersecurity defences of automated mobility ecosystems, ensuring passenger safety, and maintaining the integrity of smart urban transport networks.
Persons with Reduced Mobility (PRM) Specific Requirements for Passenger Transportation Services
Authors: Mathé Linda , Dubielzig Markus , Lindemann Matthias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe use of fully automated vehicles (AVs) in public transport has the potential to revolutionise the complete landscape of public transport (PT). Fully automated vehicles can provide the necessary frequency even in places with a low passenger volume. In addition, these vehicles can stop even in places which are not yet integrated into the public transport network, thus better meeting the needs of passengers as public transport becomes more and more individual. The absence of a driver, however, also implies that these vehicles must provide more services than conventional ones. This chapter presents the findings on passenger services for fully automated minibuses after 2 years of studies with passengers. These findings were gathered based on observations, workshops, questionnaires, and interviews with (disabled) passengers, safety drivers, bus drivers, PTOs, and associations of disabled persons.
Non-trivial saddles in microscopic description of black holes
Authors: Kumar Pranav , Mondal Swapnamay 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Non-trivial gravitational saddles have played a key role in the island proposal for the black hole information paradox. It is worth asking if non-trivial saddles exist in microscopic descriptions of black holes. We show this to be the case for 1/8 BPS black holes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 String Theory in a duality frame, where all charges are Ramond Ramond. The saddles are in the Coulomb branch, where they describe marginally stable bound states of the constituent branes, and correspond to vacua of the BFSS model. The non-perturbative suppression scale is determined by the binding energy. We comment on possible relevance of our results for developing string theoretic parallels of astrophysical black holes.
On the Geometry of Quantum Spheres and Hyperboloids
Authors: Landi Giovanni , Pagani Chiara 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe study two classes of quantum spheres and hyperboloids, one class consisting of homogeneous spaces, which are $$*$$

∗

-quantum spaces for the quantum orthogonal group $$\mathcal {O}(SO_q(3))$$

O
(
S

O
q

(
3
)

)

. We construct line bundles over the quantum homogeneous space associated with the quantum subgroup SO(2) of $$SO_q(3)$$

S

O
q

(
3
)

. The line bundles are associated to the quantum principal bundle via representations of SO(2) and are described dually by finitely-generated projective modules $$\mathcal {E}_n$$

E
n

of rank 1 and of degree computed to be an even integer $$-2n$$

-
2
n

. The corresponding idempotents, that represent classes in the K-theory of the base space, are explicitly worked out and are paired with two suitable Fredhom modules that compute the rank and the degree of the bundles. For q real, we show how to diagonalise the action (on the base space algebra) of the Casimir operator of the Hopf algebra $${\mathcal {U}_{q^{1/2}}(sl_2)}$$

U

q

1
/
2

(
s

l
2

)

which is dual to $$\mathcal {O}(SO_q(3))$$

O
(
S

O
q

(
3
)

)

.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antidepressant consumption in the Central region of Portugal: interrupted time series
Authors: Negrão Luciana G. , Coelho Catarina , Castel-Branco M. Margarida , Figueiredo Isabel V. , Fernandez-Llimos Fernando 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the consumption of antidepressive agents in Central Portugal.

Methods
To estimate the causal effect of the pandemic an interrupted time series analysis was conducted. Data of antidepressant drugs monthly dispensed in community pharmacies between Jan-2010 and Dec-2021 were provided by the regional Health Administration. Anti-Parkinson dopaminergic agents and statins, theoretically not influenced by COVID-19 pandemics, were used as comparator series. The number of packages was converted into defined daily doses and presented as defined daily doses/1000 inhabitants/day. A Bayesian structural time-series model with CausalImpact on R/RStudio was used to predict the counterfactual. Analyses with different geographical granularity (9 sub-regions and 78 municipalities) were performed.

Results
When compared to counterfactual, regional consumption non-significantly increased after the pandemic declaration, with a relative effect of + 1.30% [95%CI -1.6%:4.2%]. When increasing the granularity, differences appeared between sub-region with significant increases in Baixo Mondego + 6.5% [1.4%:11.0%], Guarda + 4.4% [1.1%:7.7%] or Cova da Beira + 4.1% [0.17%:8.3%], but non-significant variation in the remaining 6 sub-regions. Differences are more obvious at municipality level, ranging from increases of + 37.00% [32.00%:42.00%] to decreases of -11.00% [-17.00%:-4.20%]. Relative impact positively correlated with percentage of elderly in the municipality (r = 0.301; p = 0.007), and negatively with population density (r=-0.243; p = 0.032). No other predicting variables were found.

Conclusion
Antidepressant consumption suffered very slight variations at regional level after the COVID-19 pandemic declaration. Analysis with higher granularity allowed identifying municipalities with higher impact (increase or decrease). The absence of clear association patterns suggests other causal hypotheses of the differences.
Compressible and anelastic governing-equation solution methods for thermospheric gravity waves with realistic background parameters
Authors: Knight Harold , Broutman Dave , Eckermann Stephen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
abstract
A previously developed numerical-multilayer modeling approach for systems of governing equations is extended so that unwanted terms, resulting from vertical variations in certain background parameters, can be removed from the dispersion-relation polynomial associated with the system. The new approach is applied to linearized anelastic and compressible systems of governing equations for gravity waves including molecular viscosity and thermal diffusion. The ability to remove unwanted terms from the dispersion-relation polynomial is crucial for solving the governing equations when realistic background parameters, such as horizontal velocity and temperature, with strong vertical gradients, are included. With the unwanted terms removed, previously studied dispersion-relation polynomials, for which methods for defining upgoing and downgoing vertical wavenumber roots already exist, are obtained. The new methods are applied to a comprehensive set of medium-scale time-wavepacket examples, with realistic background parameters, lower boundary conditions at 30 km altitude, and modeled wavefields extending up to 500 km altitude. Results from the compressible and anelastic model versions are compared, with compressible governing-equation solutions understood as the more physically accurate of the two. The new methods provide significantly less computationally expensive alternatives to nonlinear time-step methods, which makes them useful for comprehensive studies of the behavior of viscous/diffusive gravity waves and also for large studies of cases based on observational data. Additionally, they generalize previously existing Fourier methods that have been applied to inviscid problems while providing a theoretical framework for the study of viscous/diffusive gravity waves.

Graphic abstract
Harmonic weak Maass forms and periods II
Authors: Alfes Claudia , Bruinier Jan Hendrik , Schwagenscheidt Markus 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the Fourier coefficients of harmonic Maass forms of negative half-integral weight. We relate the algebraicity of these coefficients to the algebraicity of the coefficients of certain canonical meromorphic modular forms of positive even weight with poles at Heegner divisors. Moreover, we give an explicit formula for the coefficients of harmonic Maass forms in terms of periods of certain meromorphic modular forms with algebraic coefficients.
Factors influencing haulout behaviour of non-breeding weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) at Cape Royds, Antarctica
Authors: Aspinwall Arkady , Tonkin Jonathan D. , Pennycook Jean , Ainley David , Gerhard Daniel , LaRue Michelle 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) is a fast-ice obligate species that plays an important role as both predator and prey within the high-latitude, coastal Southern Ocean. Weddell seals are affected by pressures of marine resource extraction and variation in sea-ice extent and characteristics that are affected by climate. Thus, monitoring their population dynamics provides an indicator of the effectiveness of fisheries management, and impacts of changing climate in the high latitude Southern Ocean ecosystem. Satellite imagery is increasingly being used to monitor the populations of this species, but assessment techniques require a better understanding of the environmental factors influencing the likelihood that individuals will be on the sea-ice and therefore visible in a satellite image. Addressing that goal, we captured 5054 trail camera photos during spring 2017 in the 24-h light at Cape Royds, Antarctica, and then counted seals on the fast ice every 30 min over 59 days. Using a generalised additive model (63% deviance explained) we described the haulout behaviour of non-breeding Weddell seals according to time of day, date, air temperature, pressure, solar radiation, and wind speed. We found that the seals’ haulout cycle is driven to a significant degree by weather variables, primarily temperature and wind speed. Quantifying these haulout patterns can be used to determine the time of day, and under what conditions, that most seals are hauled out. Integrating environmental parameters to correct time-of-day patterns would allow better cross-site abundance comparisons, leading to better Weddell seal population estimates for the Ross Sea region and the wider coastal Antarctica.