bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal stability, curing kinetics and properties of polyurethanes system for in‐mould decoration ink
Authors: Lin Jing , Wang Wei , Wen Xiufang , Cai Zhi‐Qi , Pi Pihui , Zheng Da‐feng , Cheng Jiang , Yang Zhuoru 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study thermal stability, curing kinetics and physico‐chemical properties of polyurethanes systems for application in in‐mould decoration (IMD) ink.Design/methodology/approachThe thermal stability of three Polyurethane (Pu) systems A, B, C were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The kinetic parameters of the curing reaction of Pu system C were calculated using non‐isothermal curing kinetics analysis, including the activation energy Ea, the reaction rate constant K(T), the reaction order n, the initial curing temperature (Ti), the peak temperature (Tp), and the finishing temperature (Tf). Additionally, physico‐chemical properties were also evaluated such as flexibility, impact resistance, pencil hardness, adhesive attraction and solvent resistance.FindingsTGA showed that thermal decomposition temperature T5 (5 wt.% weight loss), T10 (10 wt.% weight loss) and Tend (decomposition termination temperature) of Pu system C was 344°C, 363°C, and 489°C, respectively. T5, T10, Tend increased by 77°C, 61°C, 4°C, respectively, and the char yield at 600°C increased by 25.1 wt.% comparing with Pu system B. Curing kinetics analysis showed that Ea of Pu system C was 62.29 KJ/mol, 65.98 KJ/mol and 65.95 KJ/mol by Kissinger, Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa and Ozawa method, respectively. The order of the curing reaction (n=0.90) demonstrated that it was a complex reaction. Moreover, Pu system C exhibited good physico‐chemical properties. The results showed that Pu system C was suitable to apply into IMD ink.Research limitations/implicationsThe TGA analysis, curing kinetics analysis and evaluation of physico‐chemical properties provided a simple and practical solution to study suitable resins for IMD ink application.Practical implicationsIMD ink for heat transfer printing technology is highly efficient, relatively low cost, clean and environmentally safe. It has been widely applied into medical and pharmaceutical products, electronic devices, telecommunication equipment, computer parts, appliance panels, automotive parts, etc.Originality/valueIn this paper, the thermal stability and curing kinetics of Pu for IMD ink are reported for the first time. The paper gives very interesting and important information about thermal stability, curing kinetics and properties of Pu coating system for IMD ink application.
Application of semi‐analytical methods for solving the Rosenau‐Hyman equation arising in the pattern formation in liquid drops
Authors: Dehghan Mehdi , Manafian Jalil , Saadatmandi Abbas 
Published: March 2013

PurposeRosenau‐Hyman equation was discovered as a simplified model to study the role of nonlinear dispersion on pattern formation in liquid drops. Also, this equation has important roles in the modelling of various problems in physics and engineering. The purpose of this paper is to present the solution of Rosenau‐Hyman equation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper aims to present the solution of the Rosenau‐Hyman equation by means of semi‐analytical approaches which are based on the homotopy perturbation method (HPM), variational iteration method (VIM) and Adomian decomposition method (ADM).FindingsThese techniques reduce the volume of calculations by not requiring discretization of the variables, linearization or small perturbations. Numerical solutions obtained by these methods are compared with the exact solutions, revealing that the obtained solutions are of high accuracy. These results reveal that the proposed methods are very effective and simple to perform.Originality/valueEfficient techniques are developed to find the solution of an important equation.
New perturbation‐iteration solutions for nonlinear heat transfer equations
Authors: Aksoy Yiğit , Pakdemirli Mehmet , Abbasbandy Saeid , Boyacı Hakan 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply, for the first time, the authors' newly developed perturbation iteration method to heat transfer problems. The effectiveness of the new method in nonlinear heat transfer problems will be tested.Design/methodology/approachNonlinear heat transfer problems are solved by perturbation iteration method. They are also solved by the well‐known technique variational iteration method in the literature.FindingsIt is found that perturbation iteration solutions converge faster to the numerical solutions. More accurate results can be achieved with this new method for nonlinear heat transfer problems.Research limitations/implicationsA few iterations are actually sufficient. Further iterations need symbolic packages to calculate the solutions.Practical implicationsThis new technique can practically be applied to many heat and flow problems.Originality/valueThe new perturbation iteration technique is successfully implemented to nonlinear heat transfer problems. Results show good agreement with the direct numerical simulations and the method performs better than the existing variational iteration method.
Laser induced melt pool formation in titanium surface: influence of laser scanning speed
Authors: Momin O. , Shuja S.Z. , Yilbas B.S. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeA model study of laser heating process including phase change and molten flow in the melt pool gives physical insight into the process and provides useful information on the influence of melting parameters. In addition, the predictions reduce the experimental cost and minimize the experimental time. Consequently, investigation into laser control melting of the titanium alloy becomes essential. The purpose of this paper is to do this.Design/methodology/approachLaser repetitive pulse heating of titanium surface is investigated and temperature field as well as Marangoni flow in the melt pool is predicted using finite volume approach. The influence of laser scanning speed and laser pulse parameter (defining the laser pulse intensity distribution at the workpiece surface) on temperature distribution and melt size is examined. The experiment is carried out to validate temperature predictions for two consecutive laser pulses.FindingsThe influence of laser scanning speed is significant on the melt pool geometry, which is more pronounced for the laser pulse parameter β=0. Temperature predictions agree with the thermocouple data obtained from the experiment.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough temperature dependent properties are used in the simulations, isotropy in properties may limit the simulations. The laser canning speed is limited to 0.3 m/s, which is good for surface treatment process, but it may slow for annealing treatments.Practical implicationsThe results are very useful to capture insight into the melting process. In addition, the influence of laser scanning speed and laser pulse intensity distribution on the melt formation in the surface vicinity is well presented, which will be useful for those working on laser surface treatment process.Originality/valueThe work is original and findings are new, which demonstrate the influence of laser parameters on the melt pool formation and resulting Marangoni flow.
Solution of the MHD Falkner‐Skan flow by Adomian decomposition method and Padé approximants
Authors: Raftari Behrouz , Adibi Hojatollah , Yildirim Ahmet 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this work is to analytically examine the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Falkner‐Skan flow.Design/methodology/approachThe series solution is obtained using the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) coupled with Padé approximants.FindingsComparison of the present solutions is made with the results obtained by other applied methods and excellent agreement is noted.Originality/valueIn this work, the MHD Falkner‐Skan flow is examined analytically. The series solution is obtained using the ADM coupled with Padé approximants. Comparison of the present solutions is made with the results obtained by other applied methods and excellent agreement is noted.
Challenges in the accurate numerical simulation of practical thermal processes and systems
Authors: Jaluria Yogesh 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe numerical simulation of practical thermal processes is generally complicated because of multiple transport mechanisms and complex phenomena that commonly arise. In addition, the materials encountered are often not easily characterized and typically involve large property changes over the ranges of interest. The boundary conditions may not be properly defined and or may be unknown. However, it is important to obtain accurate and dependable numerical results from the simulation in order to study, design, and optimize most practical thermal processes of current and future interest. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the main challenges that are encountered in obtaining accurate numerical simulation results on practical thermal processes and systems.Design/methodology/approachA wide range of thermal systems is considered and the challenges faced in the numerical simulation are outlined. The methods that may be used to meet these challenges are presented in terms of grid, solution strategies, multiscale modeling and combined mechanisms. The models employed must be validated and the accuracy of the simulation results established if the simulation is to form the basis for improving existing systems and developing new ones.FindingsOf particular interest are concerns like verification and validation, imposition of appropriate boundary conditions, and modelling of complex, multimode transport phenomena in multiple scales. Additional effects such as viscous dissipation, surface tension, buoyancy and rarefaction that could arise and complicate the modelling are discussed. Uncertainties that arise in material properties and in boundary conditions are also important in design and optimization. Large variations in the geometry and coupled multiple regions are also discussed.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is largely focused on numerical modeling and simulation. Experimental data are considered mainly for validation and for physical insight.Practical implicationsA wide variety of practical systems, ranging from materials processing to energy, cooling, and transportation is considered.Originality/valueFuture needs in this interesting and challenging area are also outlined in the paper.
Effects of Prandtl number on mixing process in miscible Rayleigh‐Taylor instability
Authors: Liu Gaojie , Guo Zhaoli 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate, numerically, the effects of the Prandtl number on the mixing process in two‐dimensional Rayleigh‐Taylor instability of incompressible and miscible fluids.Design/methodology/approachThe simulations are carried out based on a double‐distribution‐function lattice Boltzmann method in which the Prandtl number can be adjusted.FindingsThe simulations reveal that the mixing‐zone grows inversely with increasing Prandtl number, but the processes of Rayleigh‐Taylor instability are nearly identical in terms of a dimensionless time as the Prandtl number ranges from 0.1 to 10. The symmetric property of the mixing‐zone is also studied, which is found to be closely dependent on the symmetry of the initial perturbations.Originality/valueThe results here show that the growth of the mixing‐zone is related to the Prandtl number, whereas most previous studies have been focused on the relationship between the growth of the mixing zone and time with a constant Prandtl number.
Chinese immigrants’ contact with police
Authors: Wu Yuning , Triplett Ruth , Sun Ivan Y. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine Chinese immigrants’ contact with local police, uncovering the extent, nature, distribution, and consequences of police contact. Although literature on immigrants’ perceptions of the police has been accumulating during the past few years, research on immigrants’ encounters with the police remains extremely limited.Design/methodology/approachThis study relies on survey data collected from approximately 350 foreign‐born Chinese immigrants residing in New York City, Philadelphia, and Delaware. Non‐probability (both purposive and convenience) sampling methods are used.FindingsChinese immigrants report a higher rate of police contact than the general public, with the most frequent contact occurring through traffic law violations or accidents. Immigrants who are male, older, and recent arrivals to the USA, and have vicarious experience with the police are more likely to have police contact, particularly officer‐initiated contact. The mere occurrence of contact does not affect Chinese immigrants’ global satisfaction with the police. There is, however, a significant positive link between satisfaction with recent contact and global satisfaction.Originality/valueThe paper's findings improve our understanding of police‐community relations regarding Asian Americans and also contribute to the broad literature on race/ethnicity and policing by incorporating both immigration status and ecological context into analysis.
Citizens’ satisfaction with police in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Jiang Shanhe , Sun Ivan Y. , Wang Jin 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine citizens’ satisfaction with police in Guangzhou, China and is aimed at answering two research questions: what is the general pattern of Guangzhou citizens’ satisfaction with police; and what variables are salient in predicting satisfaction with police?Design/methodology/approachData were collected from a random sample of approximately 1,200 residents nested in 30 neighborhoods in Guangzhou, China. Hierarchical linear modeling was used for the data analysis.FindingsFirst, the majority of residents in Guangzhou held generally positive attitudes toward the police. Second, demographic characteristics were weakly related to satisfaction with police. Third, perception of police legitimacy was associated with evaluations of police performance. Finally, perceived neighborhood crime problems led to lower levels of satisfaction with police.Research limitations/implicationsThis research used cross‐sectional data. Thus, the relationships between independent and dependent variables examined in this study are functional but not necessarily causal.Practical implicationsPolice in Guangzhou should seek ways to improve their relationship with never married residents and mitigate citizens’ negative perceptions of neighborhood crime problem through various community policing programs, such as holding routine meetings with residents to discuss crime and disorder situations in the neighborhoods. Police in Guangzhou should also continue to inform local residents about the legal right of police to issue commands and increase levels of perceptions of police legitimacy and willingness to follow police instructions.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to examine the correlates of satisfaction with Chinese police at the individual and neighborhood levels simultaneously. Using a random survey of citizens, along with methodological improvement in measurement and modeling, this paper provides readers with more accurate and representative information about public evaluations of Chinese police than previous studies.
Perceived experience and police officers’ ability to detect deception
Authors: Reinhard Marc‐Andre , Dahm Julia , Scharmach Martin 
Published: March 2013

PurposeFor police officers, the ability to distinguish between truthful and deceptive statements in interrogations is essential. However, research shows that their classification accuracy is typically rather low. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ability to detect deception as a function of perceived experience, in a sample of German police officers and police trainees.Design/methodology/approachThe authors had the participants judge ten video recordings of a mock crime with respect to the displayed suspects’ truthfulness. Following the assumptions and findings of previous research, the authors expected their manipulation of perceived experience to increase detection accuracy, but expected objective experience not to be correlated with the ability to detect deception.FindingsAs expected, police officers and trainees in the experience condition achieved higher accuracy than control participants. On the objective self‐report measures of experience, no relationship with classification accuracy was found.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that police officers’ objective experience does not perfectly translate into subjective experience. A subjective feeling of experience can be sufficient enough to increase detection accuracy, even if one is objectively inexperienced.Originality/valueThe manipulation proved to be a simple and efficient method of increasing judgmental accuracy in lie detection without increasing police officers’ actual knowledge or changing their beliefs about deception cues.
L1 norm inversion method for deconvolution in attenuating media
Authors: Oliveira Sérgio Adriano Moura , Lupinacci Wagner Moreira 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIn order to perform a good pulse compression, the conventional spike deconvolution method requires that the wavelet is stationary. However, this requirement is never reached since the seismic wave always suffers high‐frequency attenuation and dispersion as it propagates in real materials. Due to this issue, the data need to pass through some kind of inverse‐Q filter. Most methods attempt to correct the attenuation effect by applying greater gains for high‐frequency components of the signal. The problem with this procedure is that it generally boosts high‐frequency noise. In order to deal with this problem, we present a new inversion method designed to estimate the reflectivity function in attenuating media. The key feature of the proposed method is the use of the least absolute error (L1 norm) to define both the data and model error in the objective functional. The L1 norm is more immune to noise when compared to the usual L2 one, especially when the data are contaminated by discrepant sample values. It also favours sparse reflectivity when used to define the model error in regularization of the inverse problem and also increases the resolution, since an efficient pulse compression is attained. Tests on synthetic and real data demonstrate the efficacy of the method in raising the resolution of the seismic signal without boosting its noise component.
Increasing illumination and sensitivity of reverse‐time migration with internal multiples
Authors: Fleury Clement 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTReverse‐time migration is a two‐way time‐domain finite‐frequency technique that accurately handles the propagation of complex scattered waves and produces a band‐limited representation of the subsurface structure that is conventionally assumed to be linear in the contrasts in model parameters. Because of this underlying linear single‐scattering assumption, most implementations of this method do not satisfy the energy conservation principle and do not optimally use illumination and model sensitivity of multiply scattered waves. Migrating multiply scattered waves requires preserving the non‐linear relation between the image and perturbation of model parameters. I modify the extrapolation of source and receiver wavefields to more accurately handle multiply scattered waves. I extend the concept of the imaging condition in order to map into the subsurface structurally coherent seismic events that correspond to the interaction of both singly and multiply scattered waves. This results in an imaging process referred to here as non‐linear reverse‐time migration. It includes a strategy that analyses separated contributions of singly and multiply scattered waves to a final non‐linear image. The goal is to provide a tool suitable for seismic interpretation and potentially migration velocity analysis that benefits from increased illumination and sensitivity from multiply scattered seismic waves. It is noteworthy that this method can migrate internal multiples, a clear advantage for imaging challenging complex subsurface features, e.g., in salt and basalt environments. The results of synthetic seismic imaging experiments, including a subsalt imaging example, illustrate the technique.
Forensic Identification of Indian Snakeroot (Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz) Using DNA Barcoding
Authors: Eurlings Marcel C. M. , Lens Frederic , Pakusza Csilla , Peelen Tamara , Wieringa Jan J. , Gravendeel Barbara 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIndian snakeroot (Rauvolfia serpentina) is a valuable forest product, root extracts of which are used as an antihypertensive drug. Increasing demand led to overharvesting in the wild. Control of international trade is hampered by the inability to identify root samples to the species level. We therefore evaluated the potential of molecular identification by searching for species‐specific DNA polymorphisms. We found two species‐specific indels in the rps16 intron region for R. serpentina. Our DNA barcoding method was tested for its specificity, reproducibility, sensitivity and stability. We included samples of various tissues and ages, which had been treated differently for preservation. DNA extractions were tested in a range of amplification settings and dilutions. Species‐specific rps16 intron sequences were obtained from 79 herbarium accessions and one confiscated root, encompassing 39 different species. Our results demonstrate that molecular analysis provides new perspectives for forensic identification of Indian snakeroot.
An Unusual Case of Multiple‐Gunshot Suicide of an Alcohol‐Intoxicated Cancer Sufferer with Prolonged Physical Activity
Authors: Marnerides Andreas , Zagelidou Eleni , Leontari Roumbini 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMultishot firearm suicides are relatively rare and suggest the possibility of homicide. Physical activity following gunshots to the head, the neck, and the thorax does occur, and immediate incapacitation does not occur in every fatal gunshot wound that penetrates the head or perforates the heart. Cancer patients appear to be at increased suicide risk, but alcohol intoxication is less common in such cases. We present—to the best of our knowledge for the first time—a case of a 54‐year old, male, liver cancer sufferer, who under the influence of alcohol, discharged his revolver three times, suffered, among other wounds, a heart‐perforating wound, and died after c. 1.5 h, being able to talk until just before he died. Our case underlines the importance of keeping an open critical mind when dealing with multiple‐gunshot fatalities, especially when posttraumatic physical activity might be crucial in differentiating homicide from suicide.
The Need for an Interdisciplinary Approach in Forensic Sciences: Perspectives from a Peculiar Case of Mummification
Authors: Ventura Francesco , Portunato Federica , Pizzorno Enrico , Mazzone Silvana , Verde Alfredo , Rocca Gabriele 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe finding of a mummified body raises many problems, also because of the limits of the medico‐legal investigations in case of mummification. Psychological autopsy and behavioral analysis have demonstrated a significant impact in case of equivocal death. The mummified corpse of a woman was found sealed in a wardrobe during the death investigation of a 36‐year‐old man, later discovered to be the woman's son. The woman's corpse was well preserved and no external injuries were found. Autopsy could not ascertain the cause of death. The state of the premises and the writings on the walls offered an opportunity to investigate the man's psychological profile and to better understand how the events might have taken place. The role of an accurate investigative analysis of the crime scene is a cornerstone of forensic pathology and the case presented underlies the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in forensic sciences.