bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenging diagnosis and treatment of HIT in child with ventricular assistance device
Authors: Weintraub Lauren , Driscoll Catherine , Aydin Scott , Lamour Jaqueline M. , Weinstein Sam , Manwani Deepa 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHIT presents the clinician with unique diagnostic challenges, especially in the pediatric population. The HIT clinical sequelae of thrombocytopenia and thrombosis are secondary to the activation of platelets by heparin–antibody complexes. Diagnosis involves clinical observations and confirmatory laboratory testing using antibody detection and the functional SRA. As we describe in the following case of a six‐yr‐old female, the SRA may be difficult to interpret in the case of high‐titer antibodies and illustrates the need for repeat testing in cases of high clinical suspicion.
ERP evidence for spatial attention being directed away from disgusting locations
Authors: Zimmer Ulrike , Keppel Marie‐Theres , Poglitsch Christian , Ischebeck Anja 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWhen we change sidewalks because we see vomit or dog feces, we are avoiding disgusting stimuli. However, it is unclear how we shift spatial attention itself away from disgusting stimuli. In the present study, we used a multisensory spatial‐cuing paradigm as a tool to test if a disgusting sound is avoided by redirecting visual attention to the opposite side. Our results show that behavioral responses as well as the P3 component indicated an inverse validity effect when cued by disgust. Validity differences on the P3 were increased ipsilaterally instead of contralaterally over visual electrode sites. In contrast, the N1 component, time‐locked to sound cues, indicated the typical contralateral attentional arousal effect. Thus, disgusting sound cues first attract attention toward their location and later, after the processing of their emotional content, direct spatial attention away from the location of their origin to the opposite location.
Contested Elections in Increasingly Commercialized Media. A Diachronic Analysis of Executive and Parliamentary Election News Coverage in Switzerland
Authors: Udris Linards , Lucht Jens , Schneider Jörg 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn view of the sinking level of consensus and the allegedly growing ‘presidentialization’ of politics in Switzerland, this paper asks whether this process can be explained by the ‘mediatization of politics’, enforced by the commercialization of the media. Taking a comparative approach in analyzing news coverage about executive and parliamentary elections from 1960 to 2011 in three different media types, it shows an increasing focus on executive elections, triggered not only by increasing political conflict but also by commercialized ‘media logic’. Attention to the executive is highest in the commercialized tabloid paper and lowest in the less commercialized quality paper, which only much later starts to focus on these elections. Contested executive elections have become attractive for commercialized media to focus on prominent figures and dramatize conflicts. This news reporting about politics arguably gives incentives for political actors to contest executive elections, thus intensifying the transformation of the political system.
Assessment of Workforce Demands to Shape GIS&T Education
Authors: Wallentin Gudrun , Hofer Barbara , Traun Christoph 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Body of Knowledge for Geographic Information Science and Technology (GIS&T BoK) has been the main reference document for curriculum design in the geospatial domain. Today, the BoK is supposed to have fallen short in adequately covering the domain due to significant conceptual and technological advances in the field. Thus, several initiatives around the globe work towards an update of the GIS&T BoK. This research assesses the demands of today's GIS&T workforce across Europe to contribute to the effort of a demand‐oriented update. We assessed the workforce demand by means of a Europe‐wide distributed online questionnaire and complementary expert interviews. The results show that the BoK still is a comprehensive reference base for the geospatial domain that is generally deemed relevant by the European workforce. However, workforce demands point to three main topics that need to be addressed by an update of the BoK: (1) the shift from primary data acquisition to the handling of highly abundant spatial data; (2) a lack of competences in programming and application development; and (3) a poor coverage of web‐related aspects. Future research should complement workforce demands with a review of the scientific literature to identify additional shortcomings related to conceptual advances.
Neuromodulation of the luteal regression: presence of progesterone receptors in coeliac ganglion
Authors: Ghersa Federica , Burdisso Juan , Vallcaneras Sandra S. , Fuentes Federico , de la Vega Magalí , Delgado Silvia M. , Telleria Carlos M. , Casais Marilina 
Published: June 2015

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The processes involved in luteal involution have not yet been clarified and, in general, have been studied only from a hormonal point of view. We investigated whether progesterone, from the coeliac ganglion through the superior ovarian nerve, is able to modify the luteal regression of late pregnancy in the rat.

What is the main finding and its importance?
We showed that the luteal regression might be reversed by the neural effect of progesterone and demonstrated the presence of its receptors in the coeliac ganglion. This suggests that the peripheral neural pathway, through neuron–hormone interaction, represents an additional mechanism to control luteal function in addition to the classical endocrine regulation.

The corpus luteum (CL) is a transitory endocrine gland that produces progesterone (P). At the end of its useful life, it suffers a process of functional and structural regression until its complete disappearance from the ovary. To investigate whether P is able to regulate the process of luteal regression through the peripheral neural pathway, we used the coeliac ganglion (CG)–superior ovarian nerve–ovary system from rats on day 21 of pregnancy. We stimulated the CG with P and analysed the functional regression through ovarian P release measured by radioimmunoassay, expression by RT‐PCR and activity of luteal 3β‐ and 20α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (anabolic and catabolic P enzymes, respectively). The luteal structural regression was evaluated through a study of apoptosis measured by TUNEL assay and the expression of apoptotic factors, such as Bcl‐2, Bax, Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) by RT‐PCR. To explore whether the effects mediated by P on the CL may be associated with P receptors, their presence in the CG was investigated by immunohistochemistry. In the group stimulated with P in the CG, the ovarian P release and the 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity increased, whereas the expression and activity of 20α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase decreased. In addition, a decrease in the number of apoptotic nuclei and a decrease of the expression of FasL were observed. We demonstrated the presence of P receptors in the CG. Overall, our results suggest that the regression of the CL of late pregnancy may be reprogrammed through the peripheral neural pathway, and this effect might be mediated by P bound to its receptor in the CG.
Observing the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation yields a decade of inevitable surprises
Authors: Srokosz M. A. , Bryden H. L. 
Published: June 2015

On the success (or not) of climate models
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) transports huge amounts of heat from low to high latitudes and has a major influence on climate. Climate models have predicted that global warming will cause the AMOC to slow, but concrete evidence of such a slowdown has been scarce. Srokosz and Bryden review a decade of observations of the AMOC that reveal an unexpected amount of variability over time scales from seasonal to decadal, as well as a general weakening over this time.

Science
, this issue
10.1126/science.1255575
Meta-Analysis and Potential Role of Preexisting Heterosubtypic Cellular Immunity Based on Variations in Disease Severity Outcomes for Influenza Live Viral Challenges in Humans
Authors: Pleguezuelos Olga , Robinson Stuart , Fernandez Ana , Stoloff Gregory A. , Caparrós-Wanderley Wilson 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Influenza live viral challenges in humans are valuable models for testing the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral agents. Volunteers are treated with an investigational agent, and their clinical outcomes postchallenge are compared to those of placebo-treated volunteers. Despite using a common protocol, similar recruitment criteria, and similar doses of the same challenge strain, we noticed differences in disease severity outcomes between the placebo groups from different studies. We investigated whether these differences were significant and, if so, whether any pattern and its possible causes could be identified. We compared the clinical outcomes postchallenge in placebo groups from five clinical studies carried out between 2008 and 2013. Correlations between the prechallenge heterosubtypic cellular response (gamma interferon [IFN-γ]) and postchallenge clinical outcomes were also investigated in one study. Placebo groups from studies carried out between 2009 and 2010 attained significantly reduced (
P
< 0.05) symptom scores postchallenge compared to those of placebo groups from studies carried out in either 2008 or 2013. Also, in a 2010 study, the frequency of high-influenza heterosubtypic cellular responders prevaccination was significantly lower in the test group (FLU-v) than that in the placebo group (
P
= 0.04). Moreover, the increased preexisting heterosubtypic cellular response of the placebo group correlated with reductions in symptom score and viral shedding postchallenge (
P
≤ 0.023). Only postvaccination did the test group display an equivalent correlation. The last influenza pandemic coincided with a significant reduction in disease severity outcomes. This reduction also appears to correlate with increased preexisting influenza heterosubtypic cellular responses. (This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration number NCT01226758.)
Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Sample Inactivation Reagent in the Abbott RealTi
m
e MTB Assay for Inactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Qi Chao , Wallis Carole , Pahalawatta Vihanga , Frank Andrea , Ramdin Neeshan , Viana Raquel , Abravaya Klara , Leckie Gregor , Tang Ning 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

The Abbott RealTi
m
e MTB assay is a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) for the detection of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex DNA. The sample inactivation procedure used in the assay, consisting of one part sample treated with 3 parts inactivation reagent for 60 min, effectively reduced viscosity and inactivated
M. tuberculosis
in clinical specimens.
Field-Applicable Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae
Authors: Liljander Anne , Yu Mingyan , O'Brien Elizabeth , Heller Martin , Nepper Julia F. , Weibel Douglas B. , Gluecks Ilona , Younan Mario , Frey Joachim , Falquet Laurent , Jores Joerg 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a highly contagious disease caused by
Mycoplasma capricolum
subsp.
capripneumoniae
that affects goats in Africa and Asia. Current available methods for the diagnosis of
Mycoplasma
infection, including cultivation, serological assays, and PCR, are time-consuming and require fully equipped stationary laboratories, which make them incompatible with testing in the resource-poor settings that are most relevant to this disease. We report a rapid, specific, and sensitive assay employing isothermal DNA amplification using recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for the detection of
M. capricolum
subsp.
capripneumoniae
. We developed the assay using a specific target sequence in
M. capricolum
subsp.
capripneumoniae
, as found in the genome sequence of the field strain ILRI181 and the type strain F38 and that was further evidenced in 10 field strains from different geographical regions. Detection limits corresponding to 5 × 10
3
and 5 × 10
4
cells/ml were obtained using genomic DNA and bacterial culture from
M. capricolum
subsp.
capripneumoniae
strain ILRI181, while no amplification was obtained from 71 related
Mycoplasma
isolates or from the
Acholeplasma
or the
Pasteurella
isolates, demonstrating a high degree of specificity. The assay produces a fluorescent signal within 15 to 20 min and worked well using pleural fluid obtained directly from CCPP-positive animals without prior DNA extraction. We demonstrate that the diagnosis of CCPP can be achieved, with a short sample preparation time and a simple read-out device that can be powered by a car battery, in <45 min in a simulated field setting.
Rapid Diagnosis of Tuberculosis by Real-Time High-Resolution Imaging of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Colonies
Authors: Ghodbane Ramzi , Asmar Shady , Betzner Marlena , Linet Marie , Pierquin Joseph , Raoult Didier , Drancourt Michel 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Culture remains the cornerstone of diagnosis for pulmonary tuberculosis, but the fastidiousness of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
may delay culture-based diagnosis for weeks. We evaluated the performance of real-time high-resolution imaging for the rapid detection of
M. tuberculosis
colonies growing on a solid medium. A total of 50 clinical specimens, including 42 sputum specimens, 4 stool specimens, 2 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens, and 2 bronchial aspirate fluid specimens were prospectively inoculated into (i) a commercially available Middlebrook broth and evaluated for mycobacterial growth indirectly detected by measuring oxygen consumption (standard protocol) and (ii) a home-made solid medium incubated in an incubator featuring real-time high-resolution imaging of colonies (real-time protocol). Isolates were identified by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. Use of the standard protocol yielded 14/50 (28%)
M. tuberculosis
isolates, which is not significantly different from the 13/50 (26%)
M. tuberculosis
isolates found using the real-time protocol (
P
= 1.00 by Fisher's exact test), and the contamination rate of 1/50 (2%) was not significantly different from the contamination rate of 2/50 (4%) using the real-time protocol (
P
= 1.00). The real-time imaging protocol showed a 4.4-fold reduction in time to detection, 82 ± 54 h versus 360 ± 142 h (
P
< 0.05). These preliminary data give the proof of concept that real-time high-resolution imaging of
M. tuberculosis
colonies is a new technology that shortens the time to growth detection and the laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Cladophialophora bantiana as an Emerging Pathogen in Animals: Case Report of Equine Endometritis and Review of the Literature
Authors: Rantala Merja , Attia Stella , Koukila-Kähkölä Pirkko , de Hoog Sybren , Anttila Marjukka , Katila Terttu 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

We present an unusual equine endometritis case associated with
Cladophialophora bantiana
in a 15-year-old mare. The mare displayed infertility and uterine fluid accumulation with numerous black, hairy granules. Microscopically, the fluid revealed numerous septate, dark fungal hyphae and conidia in chains. Culture yielded
C. bantiana
(CBS 138271); the species was confirmed by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Treatment was unsuccessful.
C. bantiana
causes cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in humans, while animal cases are rare. Animal cases are reviewed.
Commentary: Whole-Genome Sequencing Data for Serotyping Escherichia coli—It's Time for a Change!
Authors: Jenkins Claire 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe accessibility of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) presents the opportunity for national reference laboratories to provide a state-of-the-art public health surveillance service. The replacement of traditional serology-based typing ofEscherichia coliby WGS is supported by user-friendly, freely available data analysis Web tools. Anarticle in this issueof theJournal of Clinical Microbiology(K. G. Joensen, A. M. M. Tetzschner, A. Iguchi, F. M. Aarestrup, and F. Scheutz, J Clin Microbiol, 53:2410–2426, 2015,http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00008-15) describes SerotypeFinder, an essential guide to serotypingE. coliin the 21st century.
Possible Human Papillomavirus 38 Contamination of Endometrial Cancer RNA Sequencing Samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas Database
Authors: Kazemian Majid , Ren Min , Lin Jian-Xin , Liao Wei , Spolski Rosanne , Leonard Warren J. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Viruses are causally associated with a number of human malignancies. In this study, we sought to identify new virus-cancer associations by searching RNA sequencing data sets from >2,000 patients, encompassing 21 cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), for the presence of viral sequences. In agreement with previous studies, we found human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) and HPV18 in oropharyngeal cancer and hepatitis B and C viruses in liver cancer. Unexpectedly, however, we found HPV38, a cutaneous form of HPV associated with skin cancer, in 32 of 168 samples from endometrial cancer. In 12 of the HPV38-positive (HPV38
+
) samples, we observed at least one paired read that mapped to both human and HPV38 genomes, indicative of viral integration into the host DNA, something not previously demonstrated for HPV38. The expression levels of HPV38 transcripts were relatively low, and all 32 HPV38
+
samples belonged to the same experimental batch of 40 samples, whereas none of the other 128 endometrial carcinoma samples were HPV38
+
, raising doubts about the significance of the HPV38 association. Moreover, the HPV38
+
samples contained the same 10 novel single nucleotide variations (SNVs), leading us to hypothesize that one patient was infected with this new isolate of HPV38, which was integrated into his/her genome and may have cross-contaminated other TCGA samples within batch 228. Based on our analysis, we propose guidelines to examine the batch effect, virus expression level, and SNVs as part of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data analysis for evaluating the significance of viral/pathogen sequences in clinical samples.

IMPORTANCE
High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), followed by computational analysis, has vastly accelerated the identification of viral and other pathogenic sequences in clinical samples, but cross-contamination during the processing of the samples remain a major problem that can lead to erroneous conclusions. We found HPV38 sequences specifically present in RNA-Seq samples from endometrial cancer patients from TCGA, a virus not previously associated with this type of cancer. However, multiple lines of evidence suggest possible cross-contamination in these samples, which were processed together in the same batch. Despite this potential cross-contamination, our data indicate that we have detected a new isolate of HPV38 that appears to be integrated into the human genome. We also provide general guidelines for computational detection and interpretation of pathogen-disease associations.
Host Range Restriction of Epstein-Barr Virus and Related Lymphocryptoviruses
Authors: Mühe Janine , Wang Fred 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Epstein-Barr-related herpesviruses, or lymphocryptoviruses (LCV), naturally infect humans and nonhuman primates (NHP), but their host range is not well characterized. Using LCV and B cells from multiple species of Hominidae and Cercopithecidae, we show that LCV can immortalize B cells from some nonnative species but that growth transformation is restricted to B cells from their own family of hominoids or Old World NHP, suggesting a high degree of LCV adaptation to their natural primate host.
The Human Adenovirus Type 5 E4orf4 Protein Targets Two Phosphatase Regulators of the Hippo Signaling Pathway
Authors: Mui Melissa Z. , Zhou Yiwang , Blanchette Paola , Chughtai Naila , Knight Jennifer F. , Gruosso Tina , Papadakis Andreas I. , Huang Sidong , Park Morag , Gingras Anne-Claude , Branton Philip E. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

When expressed alone at high levels, the human adenovirus E4orf4 protein exhibits tumor cell-specific p53-independent toxicity. A major E4orf4 target is the B55 class of PP2A regulatory subunits, and we have shown recently that binding of E4orf4 inhibits PP2A
B55
phosphatase activity in a dose-dependent fashion by preventing access of substrates (M. Z. Mui et al., PLoS Pathog 9:e1003742, 2013,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003742
). While interaction with B55 subunits is essential for toxicity, E4orf4 mutants exist that, despite binding B55 at high levels, are defective in cell killing, suggesting that other essential targets exist. In an attempt to identify additional targets, we undertook a proteomics approach to characterize E4orf4-interacting proteins. Our findings indicated that, in addition to PP2A
B55
subunits, ASPP-PP1 complex subunits were found among the major E4orf4-binding species. Both the PP2A and ASPP-PP1 phosphatases are known to positively regulate effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway, which controls the expression of cell growth/survival genes by dephosphorylating the YAP transcriptional coactivator. We find here that expression of E4orf4 results in hyperphosphorylation of YAP, suggesting that Hippo signaling is affected by E4orf4 interactions with PP2A
B55
and/or ASPP-PP1 phosphatases. Furthermore, knockdown of YAP1 expression was seen to enhance E4orf4 killing, again consistent with a link between E4orf4 toxicity and inhibition of the Hippo pathway. This effect may in fact contribute to the cancer cell specificity of E4orf4 toxicity, as many human cancer cells rely heavily on the Hippo pathway for their enhanced proliferation.

IMPORTANCE
The human adenovirus E4orf4 protein has been known for some time to induce tumor cell-specific death when expressed at high levels; thus, knowledge of its mode of action could be of importance for development of new cancer therapies. Although the B55 form of the phosphatase PP2A has long been known as an essential E4orf4 target, genetic analyses indicated that others must exist. To identify additional E4orf4 targets, we performed, for the first time, a large-scale affinity purification/mass spectrometry analysis of E4orf4 binding partners. Several additional candidates were detected, including key regulators of the Hippo signaling pathway, which enhances cell viability in many cancers, and results of preliminary studies suggested a link between inhibition of Hippo signaling and E4orf4 toxicity.