bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locality in Vowel Harmony
Authors: Nevins Andrew 
Published: October 2013

A view of the locality conditions on vowel harmony, aligning empirical phenomena within phonology with the principles of the Minimalist program.
Vowel harmony results from a set of restrictions that determine the possible and impossible sequences of vowels within a word. The study of syntax begins with the observation that the words of a sentence cannot go in just any order, and the study of phonology begins with the same observation for the consonants and vowels of a word. In this book, Andrew Nevins investigates long-distance relations between vowels in vowel harmony systems across a range of languages, with the aim of demonstrating that the locality conditions that regulate these relations can be attributed to the same principle that regulates long-distance syntactic dependencies. He argues that vowel harmony represents a manifestation of the Agree algorithm for feature-valuation (formulated by Chomsky in 2000), as part of an overarching effort to show that phonology can be described in terms of the principles of the Minimalist program. Nevins demonstrates that the principle of target-driven search, the phenomenon of defective intervention, and the principles regulating the size of the domain over which dependencies are computed apply to both phonological and syntactic phenomena. Locality in Vowel Harmony offers phonologists new evidence that viewing vowel harmony through the lens of relativized minimality has the potential to unify different levels of linguistic representation and different domains of empirical inquiry in a unified framework. Moreover, Nevins's specific implementation of the locality of dependencies represents a major advance in understanding constraints on possible harmonic languages.An online tool on the MIT Press Web site demonstrates the algorithm for calculating vowel harmony with the derivations exemplified in the book.
Introducing Arguments
Authors: Pylkkänen Liina 
Published: October 2013

A compositional theory of verbal argument structure that explores how “noncore” arguments are introduced into argument structures and examines cross-linguistic variation in introducing arguments.
This concise work offers a compositional theory of verbal argument structure in natural languages that focuses on how arguments that are not “core” arguments of the verb (arguments that are not introduced by verbal roots themselves) are introduced into argument structures. Liina Pylkkänen shows that the type of argument structure variation that allows additional noncore arguments is a pervasive property of human language and that most languages have verbs that exhibit this behavior. It would be natural to hypothesize that the grammatical elements that allow for this variation are the same in different languages, but Pylkkänen, citing the differences between the inventories of verbs that allow additional arguments in English and Venda, shows the difficulties in this assumption. Either the noncore arguments are introduced by different elements with different distributions, she argues, or the introducing elements are the same and some other factor is responsible for the distributional difference.
Distinguishing between these two types of explanations and articulating the properties of argument-introducing elements is the essence of Pylkkänen's theory. Investigating the grammatical elements that allow the addition of noncore arguments, Pylkkänen argues that the introduction of additional arguments is largely carried by seven functional heads. Following Chomsky, she claims that these belong to a universal inventory of functional elements from which a particular language must make its selection. Cross-linguistic variation, she argues, has two sources: selection; and the way a language packages the selected elements into syntactic heads.
Cogent Science in Context
Authors: Rehg William 
Published: October 2013

A proposal for an interdisciplinary, context-sensitive framework for assessing the strength of scientific arguments that melds Jürgen Habermas's discourse theory and sociological contextualism.
Recent years have seen a series of intense, increasingly acrimonious debates over the status and legitimacy of the natural sciences. These “science wars” take place in the public arena—with current battles over evolution and global warming—and in academia, where assumptions about scientific objectivity have been called into question. Given these hostilities, what makes a scientific claim merit our consideration? In Cogent Science in Context, William Rehg examines what makes scientific arguments cogent—that is, strong and convincing—and how we should assess that cogency. Drawing on the tools of argumentation theory, Rehg proposes a multidimensional, context-sensitive framework both for understanding the cogency of scientific arguments and for conducting cooperative interdisciplinary assessments of the cogency of actual scientific arguments. Rehg closely examines Jürgen Habermas's argumentation theory and its implications for understanding cogency, applying it to a case from high-energy physics. A series of problems, however, beset Habermas's approach. In response, Rehg outlines his own “critical contextualist” approach, which uses argumentation-theory categories in a new and more context-sensitive way inspired by ethnography of science.
The Cosmetic Gaze
Authors: Wegenstein Bernadette 
Published: October 2013

How the act of looking at our own and others' bodies is informed by the techniques, expectations, and strategies of body modification.
If the gaze can be understood to mark the disjuncture between how we see ourselves and how we want to be seen by others, the cosmetic gaze—in Bernadette Wegenstein's groundbreaking formulation—is one through which the act of looking at our bodies and those of others is already informed by the techniques, expectations, and strategies (often surgical) of bodily modification. It is, Wegenstein says, also a moralizing gaze, a way of looking at bodies as awaiting both physical and spiritual improvement. In The Cosmetic Gaze, Wegenstein charts this synthesis of outer and inner transformation.
Wegenstein shows how the cosmetic gaze underlies the “rebirth” celebrated in today's makeover culture and how it builds upon a body concept that has collapsed into its mediality. In today's beauty discourse—on reality TV and Web sites that collect “bad plastic surgery”—we yearn to experience a bettered self that has been reborn from its own flesh and is now itself, like a digitally remastered character in a classic Hollywood movie, immortal.
Wegenstein traces the cosmetic gaze from eighteenth-century ideas about physiognomy through television makeover shows and facial-recognition software to cinema—which, like our other screens, never ceases to show us our bodies as they could be, drawing life from the very cosmetic gaze it transmits.
The Crucible of Consciousness
Authors: Torey Zoltan 
Published: October 2013

An interdisciplinary examination of the evolutionary breakthroughs that rendered the brain accessible to itself.
In The Crucible of Consciousness, Zoltan Torey offers a theory of the mind and its central role in evolution. He traces the evolutionary breakthrough that rendered the brain accessible to itself and shows how the mind-boosted brain works. He identifies what it is that separates the human's self-reflective consciousness from mere animal awareness, and he maps its neural and linguistic underpinnings. And he argues, controversially, that the neural technicalities of reflective awareness can be neither algorithmic nor spiritual—neither a computer nor a ghost in the machine.
The human mind is unique; it is not only the epicenter of our knowledge but also the outer limit of our intellectual reach. Not to solve the riddle of the self-aware mind, writes Torey, goes against the evolutionary thrust that created it. Torey proposes a model that brings into a single focus all the elements that make up the puzzle: how the brain works, its functional components and their interactions; how language evolved and how syntax evolved out of the semantic substrate by way of neural transactions; and why the mind-endowed brain deceives itself with entelechy-type impressions.
Torey first traces the language-linked emergence of the mind, the subsystem of the brain that enables it to be aware of itself. He then explores this system: how consciousness works, why it is not transparent to introspection, and what sense it makes in the context of evolution.
The “consciousness revolution” and the integrative focus of neuroscience have made it possible to make concrete formerly mysterious ideas about the human mind. Torey's model of the mind is the logical outcome of this, highlighting a coherent and meaningful role for a reflectively aware humanity.
Flow Cytometry–Based Cytotoxicity and Antibody Binding Assay
Authors: Alheim Mats 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies with the ability to activate complement are associated with an increased risk of early antibody‐mediated graft rejection in kidney transplantation (KTx). Detection of these potentially harmful complement‐fixing HLA antibodies is commonly performed via the complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay according to protocols that were developed as early as 40 years ago. The read‐out for this assay is based on manual scoring by visual inspection of cells under a fluorescence microscope. CDC is often used in combination with the flow cytometry–based lymphocyte crossmatch assay (FCXM), which, with high sensitivity, detects HLA antibody binding. Here we describe a new approach wherein both cytotoxicity and antibody binding can be simultaneously assessed with flow cytometry. Two strategies are described, using either magnetic bead–enriched T and B lymphocytes or bulk peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as donor target cells. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 66:6.34.1‐6.34.11. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Multiparameter Analysis of Apoptosis Using Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Flow Cytometry
Authors: Wlodkowic Donald , Skommer Joanna , Akagi Jin , Fujimura Yoo , Takeda Kazuo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe age of microfluidic flow cytometry (µFCM) is fast becoming a reality. One of the most exciting applications of miniaturized chip‐based cytometers is multivariate analysis using sampling volumes as small as 10 µl while matching the multiparameter data collection of conventional flow cytometers. We outline several innovative protocols for analyzing caspase‐dependent cell death and cell cycle (DNA‐content) profile using a fully integrated microfluidic flow cytometry system, Fishman‐R. The first protocol describes the use of a new plasma membrane–permeability marker, DRAQ7, and the fluorogenic caspase substrate PhiPhiLux to track caspase activation during programmed cell death. Also outlined is the use of DRAQ7 fluorochrome in conjunction with the mitochondrial membrane potential–sensitive probe TMRM to track dissipation of inner mitochondrial cross‐membrane potential. Another protocol adds the ability to measure dissipation of mitochondrial inner membrane potential (using TMRM probe) in relation to the cell cycle profile (using DRAQ5 probe) in living leukemic cells. Finally, we describe the combined use of fluorogenic caspases substrate PhiPhiLux with DRAQ5 probe to measure caspase activation in relation to the cell cycle profile in living tumor cells. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 66:9.42.1‐9.42.15. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A novel active power quality compensator topology with DC voltage balancer for electrified railways
Authors: Soe Win Tint , Hiraki Eiji , Tanaka Toshihiko 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel active power quality compensator (APQC) topology with a DC voltage balancer for electrified railways. The APQC is composed of a three‐leg structure with two common DC capacitors. Two legs perform as two half‐bridge inverters, which compensate the unbalanced active, reactive, and harmonic currents on the source side in the traction substation. The third leg controls two common DC capacitor voltages with a small amount of the output currents. Therefore, the current rating of the third leg can be reduced as compared to that of the already proposed three‐leg structured APQC. In the control algorithm of the two half‐bridge inverters, a strategy based on constant DC capacitor voltage control is used, which does not need any calculation blocks of the unbalanced active, reactive, and harmonic components of the load current to perform the APQC operation. Thus we offer the simplest algorithm for the proposed APQC. The basic principle of the proposed APQC topology with the DC voltage balancer is discussed in detail, and then confirmed by digital computer simulation using the PSIM software. A prototype experimental model is constructed and tested. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed APQC can achieve balanced and sinusoidal source currents on the primary side of the Scott transformer in traction substations for electrified railways. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Improvement of saturation property of iron powder core by flux homogenizing structure
Authors: Umetani Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA new core structure is proposed to improve the saturation property of an inductor made of iron powder core. In the conventional structure made of a single core material, converging flux lines cause local magnetic saturation at the inner side of the corners of the magnetic path. Therefore, the conventional inductor shows worse saturation property than expected from its core material. This degradation mechanism is solved in the proposed core structure through homogenization of the flux distribution at the corners. Experiments are performed to evaluate the flux homogenization and improvement of the saturation property. Results show a homogenized flux distribution in the proposed core structure. Furthermore, the flux level improved by 28% while the inductance decreased by 40% of its initial value. Both these results are consistent with theoretical expectations, except that a larger improvement is found in the experiment compared to the 16% improvement predicted by numerical calculation. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preoperative Education in Cholecystectomy in the Context of a Multimodal Protocol of Perioperative Care: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: de Aguilar‐Nascimento José E. , Leal Fernando S. , Dantas Daniela C. S. , Anabuki Nadia T. , de Souza Amanda M. C. , Silva e Lima Verônica P. , Tanajura Guilherme H. , Canevari Mariana 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground
Preoperative education is a key point in multimodal protocols of perioperative care. We investigated whether preoperative education for patients undergoing open cholecystectomy would reduce the incidence of perioperative symptoms.MethodsThis was a randomized, single‐blinded, clinical trial that included adult (18–65 years old) candidates for elective open cholecystectomy. All patients took part in the ERAS/ACERTO protocol of perioperative care except that only the intervention group received preoperative education. The main endpoints of the study were the presence and intensity of postoperative symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, pain) measured by a visual analogue scale, 24 h after the operation.ResultsA total of 74 patients (34 in the intervention group, 40 in the control group) completed the study. The intervention group had significantly lower median (interquartile range) scores for nausea [0 (4) vs. 2.5 (5.8), p = 0.04] and pain [0.2 (2.3) vs. 3.1 (3.45), p < 0.01] than the controls. High well‐being (score ≥6) was reported by 79.4 % (27 patients) of the intervention group in contrast to 57.5 % (23 patients) of the controls (p = 0.04).ConclusionsPreoperative education is highly effective in the context of a multimodal protocol for enhancing the recovery of patients submitted to open cholecystectomy.
Acute Hand and Wrist Injuries Sustained during Recreational Mountain Biking: A Prospective Study
Authors: Bush Kevin , Meredith Steve , Demsey Daniel 
Published: October 2013

Background Recreational mountain biking continues to increase in popularity and is a significant source of traumatic injury, including injuries to the hand and wrist. Methods A prospective survey of all hand and wrist injuries sustained while participating in recreational mountain biking presenting to the emergency department at the Municipality of Whistler and the District of Squamish was conducted over a 12-month consecutive period. Results An analysis of 765 unique emergency department visits with 1,079 distinct injuries was performed. Of these injuries, 511 were sustained to the upper limb. Injury to the metacarpal and metacarpal phalangeal joints was the most common hand injury (52) followed by proximal phalanx and proximal interphalangeal joint (20). Conclusions Mountain biking is a frequent source of a variety of upper limb trauma, and preventative efforts are necessary to minimize the burden of these injuries.
Motion of a vortex filament with axial flow in the half space
Authors: Aiki Masashi , Iguchi Tatsuo 
Published: October 2013

We consider a nonlinear third order dispersive equation which models the motion of a vortex filament immersed in an incompressible and inviscid fluid occupying the three dimensional half space. We prove the unique solvability of initial–boundary value problems as an attempt to analyze the motion of a tornado.

Résumé
On considère une équation non linéaire dispersive de troisième ordre qui modélise le mouvement d'un filament tourbillonnaire immergé dans un fluide incompressible et non visqueux occupant le demi-espace en trois dimensions. Nous prouvons la solvabilité des problèmes aux limites comme une tentative pour analyser le mouvement d'une tornade.
Effect of prenatal stress on density of NMDA receptors in rat brain
Authors: Tavassoli Elham , Saboory Ehsan , Teshfam Masood , Rasmi Yusef , Roshan‐Milani Shiva , Ilkhanizadeh Behrooz , Hesari Ali Kalantari 
Published: October 2013

AbstractN‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors are important excitatory receptors which contribute to many brain functions. Altered NMDA receptor levels cause maldevelopment of corticostriatal and corticolimbic pathways, which is a neurobiological predisposing factor for development of epilepsy, schizophrenia and other idiopathic psychotic disorders. It was hypothesized that prenatal stress could play a role in pathophysiology of these disorders by affecting expression of the receptors through releasing corticosterone. Sixty‐eight virgin female Wistar rats were selected and mated with male rats with the same genotype. Then, the pregnant rats were subjected to restraint or predator stress on 15th, 16th and 17th gestation days. Prenatal stress consisted of restraint or predator stresses of the dams under normal room conditions. After parturition, the pups were studied in terms of density of NMDA receptors in brain at different time points. Meanwhile, blood sample was obtained and corticosterone blood level (CBL) was measured. The pups were then compared with the pups born to unstressed dams. Stress induced significant rise in CBL and NMDA receptors in brain of the offspring. CBL was significantly higher among the stressed rats compared to the control ones; there was significant difference between the two stresses and between the two sexes. The male pups were affected more severely. Stressful events during gestation had important effects on NMDA receptors of the offspring. It can be concluded that stress‐induced elevation of NMDA receptors and corticosterone might mediate altered susceptibility to epilepsy and decrease ability of learning and memory and other stress‐induced neurologic disorders.
Implicit energy loss: Embodied dryness cues influence vitality and depletion
Authors: Shalev Idit 
Published: October 2013

AbstractConsumers have long recognized that thirst motivates beverage consumption, however little is known of the consequences of dryness‐related cues and experienced energy. Based on the embodied cognition view (Landau et al., 2010; Meier et al., 2012) and motivational perspective for energy (Clarkson, 2010; Inzlicht & Schmeichel, 2012), four studies examined the idea that activation of different levels of the dryness–thirst metaphor (e.g., semantic primes, visual images, or physical thirst) will influence perceived energy. In Study 1, participants primed with dryness‐related concepts reported greater physical thirst and tiredness and lower subjective vitality. In Study 2, participants who were physically thirsty were less persistent in investing effort in an unsolvable anagram task. In Study 3, images of arid land influenced time preference regarding when to begin preparation to make a monetary investment. Finally, in Studies 4a and 4b, exposure to the names of dryness‐related products influenced impressions of the vitality of a target person. Overall, the findings suggest that physical or conceptual dryness‐related cues influence perceived energy and may have consequences on consumer behavior.
What a feeling! Touching sexually laden stimuli makes women seek rewards
Authors: Festjens Anouk , Bruyneel Sabrina , Dewitte Siegfried 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe argue that women's previously documented unresponsiveness to sexual primes when making economic decisions may be a consequence of the specific types of primes that have been used (i.e., visual primes). In three studies we show that presenting women with tactile sexual cues does influence their decisions about economic rewards. Similar to the effect found in men, the first study demonstrates that touching a pair of boxer shorts leads to a craving for monetary rewards in women. In the second study it is shown that touching a pair of boxers makes women less loss averse for both money and food. The third study explicitly focuses on the relative effectiveness of tactile versus visual sexual cues in altering women's economic decisions, and reveals that women's willingness‐to‐pay for economic rewards increases only when the sexual cue is tactile. We suggest that touching (vs. seeing) sexually laden stimuli prompts pre‐programmed consummatory Pavlovian responses that promote approaching economic rewards.