bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal Phenotype Variations Among Families with Autosomal Alport Syndrome
Authors: Ibrahim Abdelrahman , Lin Edwin , Hinckley Mack , Khalighi Mazdak , Altawallbeh Zena , Al-Rabadi Daher , Al-Hassanat Zakariya , Pezzolesi Marcus G. , Gregory Martin C. , Al-Rabadi Laith 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Alport syndrome (AS) is an inherited disorder characterized by progressive renal disease, hearing deficits, and ocular abnormalities. This study investigates phenotypic variability among individuals with identical autosomal genetic mutations in COL4A3 and explores the potential influence of modifier genes. The study focuses on three families carrying the same COL4A3 mutation (c.2083G>A, p.Gly695Arg) but exhibiting differences in phenotype. The objective is to elucidate interfamilial and intrafamilial variations and identify potential genetic modifiers contributing to these differences.

Methods:
Three families from a cohort at the University of Utah were studied. Clinical data, blood, urine, and tissue samples were collected with informed consent. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify genetic variants, using the SureSelect Human All Exon Target Enrichment System. Variant calling and annotation were conducted with GATK, VEP, and PEDDY. Disease-gene prioritization was achieved using the Variant Annotation, Analysis, and Search Tool (VAAST), pVAAST, and the Phenotype Driven Variant Ontological Re-ranking Tool (PHEVOR). Modifier genes were identified through co-segregation analysis and functional annotation using public databases.

Results:
The study highlighted significant phenotypic variability within and between families with the same COL4A3 mutation. Individuals with single mutations often presented mild phenotypes, such as isolated hematuria, while compound heterozygotes and digenic cases exhibited severe manifestations, including proteinuria, hearing loss, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Modifier genes such as GRIP1, CCND1, and CYP3A7 were identified and linked to phenotypic variability, suggesting their potential role in disease progression.

Conclusions:
The findings underscore the role of genetic modifiers in influencing phenotypic variability in AS. Understanding these modifiers is crucial for personalized therapeutic strategies and genetic counseling. Future research should validate these candidate genes through functional studies and larger cohorts to enhance clinical care and improve prognostic predictions for patients with AS.
Two-dimensional finite difference-time domain simulation of moving point source array
Authors: TSUCHIYA Takao , Inoue Kei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, a moving point source array is theoretically described and implemented in a two-dimensional finite difference-time domain (FDTD) method. The directivity of the moving point source array is theoretically derived by considering phase differences between each source in the two-dimensional field. Then, the moving point source array is implemented in the two-dimensional FDTD method. Numerical experiments were conducted for point source array with in-phase driving and phased array in the two-dimensional sound field. The FDTD method was confirmed to be able to calculate with less than 1% error up to Mach number 0.4. It was found that the effect of the moving velocity on the directivity increased with increasing source velocity. It was also found that the directivity varies with the direction of sound radiation due to the Doppler effect. The proposed method can be accurately applied to moving point source array.
Effect of relay tube geometry on the onset temperature in loop-tube thermoacoustic systems
Authors: SAKAMOTO Shin-ichi , Ono Satoru , Hirayama Satoshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study experimentally and numerically investigates a loop-tube thermoacoustic prime mover, which connects two tubes of different inner diameters. Previous research has focused on expanding the prime mover section to improve energy conversion efficiency, but this study emphasizes the effect of joint discontinuities by inserting a relay tube at the connection. Both experimental measurements and stability analysis were conducted, varying the relay tube's inner diameter and length. The results show that smaller diameters and longer relay tubes reduce the onset temperature, demonstrating good agreement between experimental and analytical results. Conversely, the relay tube's dimensions were found to have little impact on the oscillation frequency. This contributes to developing more efficient thermoacoustic systems.
An explanation of reported dependence of backward diffusion of Zn in (100) InP on misorientation directions by relating kink velocities to Zn incorporation sites during metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy
Authors: Mochizuki Kazuhiro , Ohta Hiroshi , Mishima Tomoyoshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Reported dependence of backward diffusion of Zn in (100) InP on misorientation directions was explained by relating kink velocities to Zn incorporation sites during metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy. Because of the larger density of kinks per phosphorus-terminated steps (B-steps) compared to the density of kinks per indium-terminated steps (A-steps), we assumed that most of the Zn atoms surface-diffusing toward B-steps should be incorporated into In-sublattice sites, whereas those surface-diffusing toward A-steps should go into tetragonal interstitial positions surrounded by P atoms. This assumption was supported by the resultant reproduction of the reported backward diffusion profiles of Zn in InP.
The Fallibility of Equipartition Magnetic Field Strengths from Synchrotron Emission Using Synthetically Observed Galaxies
Authors: Dacunha Tara , Martin-Alvarez Sergio , Clark Susan E. , Lopez-Rodriguez Enrique 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Understanding the role that magnetic fields play on the stage of galaxy formation requires accurate methods for inferring the properties of extragalactic magnetic fields. Radio synchrotron emission has been the most promising avenue to infer magnetic field strengths across galaxies, with the application of a central assumption: that galactic cosmic rays are in energy equipartition with the magnetic field. In this work, we leverage flexible synthetic observations of a high-resolution magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a Milky Way–like galaxy to review whether true equipartition is capable of reproducing radio observations of galaxies, and investigate its impact on the inference of magnetic field strengths when varying the properties and density distribution of the cosmic rays. We find that imposing equipartition (regardless of scale length) results in cosmic ray electron densities that are unable to generate either the amplitude or the shape of the radio intensity profiles typically observed in spiral galaxies. Instead, observationally motivated smooth distributions of cosmic ray electrons across the galaxy provide a remarkable match to observations. We further demonstrate that assuming equipartition with those mock observations can lead to significant overestimation of the magnetic field strength. This misestimation varies with cosmic ray electron densities, cosmic ray spectrum power-law index, and galactic environment, aggravated in inter-arm regions and attenuated in star-forming regions. Our results promote caution when assuming equipartition in observations, and suggest that additional theoretical and numerical work is required to leverage the upcoming generation of radio observations poised to revolutionize our understanding of astrophysical magnetic fields.
Adiabatic Index in Fluid Models of Collisionless Black Hole Accretion
Authors: Gammie Charles F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Models of highly sub-Eddington accretion onto black holes commonly use a single-fluid model for the collisionless, near-horizon plasma. These models must specify an equation of state. It is common to use an ideal gas with p = (γ − 1)u and γ = 4/3, 13/9, or 5/3, but these produce significantly different outcomes. We discuss the origins of this discrepancy and the assumptions underlying the single-fluid model. The main result of this investigation is that under conditions relevant to low-luminosity black hole accretion the best choice of single-fluid adiabatic index is close to but slightly less than 5/3. Along the way we provide a simple equilibrium model for the relation between the ion-to-electron dissipation ratio and the ion-to-electron temperature ratio, and explore the implications for electron temperature fluctuations in Event Horizon Telescope sources.
Signatures of Rapidly Rotating Stars with Chemically Homogeneous Evolution in the First Galaxies
Authors: Liu Boyuan , Sibony Yves , Meynet Georges , Bromm Volker 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revealed an unexpectedly high abundance of UV luminous galaxies at redshifts z ≳ 10, challenging “standard” galaxy formation models. This study investigates the role of rapidly rotating (massive) stars undergoing chemically homogeneous evolution (CHE) in reconciling this potential tension. These stars are more compact, hotter, and exhibit enhanced UV emission. We find that the rest-frame UV luminosity of star-forming galaxies can be significantly enhanced by a factor of ∼3−6 when CHE stars above a minimum initial mass of

m

⋆
,
min

CHE

∼
2
–
10

M
⊙

account for more than half of the total stellar mass following a Salpeter initial mass function. As a result, the UV luminosity functions observed at z ∼ 12−16 can be reproduced with less extreme values of star formation efficiency and UV luminosity stochastic variability. Our results highlight the potential of CHE in explaining the UV-bright galaxy populations detected by JWST and call for future work to explore the broader astrophysical implications of CHE and its associated phenomena in the early universe, such as gamma-ray bursts, compact object binaries, and metal enrichment.
The governance imperative: The influence of effective governance in unlocking intrapreneurial potential for sustainable public value
Authors: Chamba Lucy T. , Tarirai Ismael 
Published: February 2025

Background: Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices are gaining traction, with a particular focus on State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and their contribution to sustainability. This study looks at how governance promotes intrapreneurship, a key capability for SOEs to achieve sustainability through public value creation.Aim: This study investigates the influence of effective governance on intrapreneurial activity within SOEs. We hypothesise that strong governance structures promote intrapreneurship, ultimately leading to enhanced sustainability performance.Setting: The research focuses on SOEs operating in Zimbabwe.Methods: A quantitative approach was employed. We surveyed 300 middle managers across various SOEs in Zimbabwe. The combined effects of the independent variable were examined using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) (governance) and dependent variables (intrapreneurship and sustainability performance) because of the presence of multiple dependent variables.Results: The study reveals a statistically significant positive relationship between good governance, robust intrapreneurial activity and enhanced sustainability performance. State-Owned Enterprises with strong governance structures exhibited superior innovation, translating into greater public value through enhanced societal impact, customer satisfaction and service delivery.Conclusion: Effective governance plays a critical role in nurturing intrapreneurship and achieving sustainability within SOEs. This highlights the importance of prioritising good governance practices for SOEs to contribute meaningfully to sustainable development.Contribution: Through an empirical examination, this study advances the topics of sustainability and intrapreneurship in public sector companies, looking at the interrelationships between governance, intrapreneurship and sustainability in SOEs.
Parkinson’s disease: Public health interventions to mitigate associated stigma
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Gosavi Rajesh , Bobhate Prateek Sudhakar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily manifests as a movement disorder. It significantly affects the quality of life of individuals, who often experience stigma, disability, and social isolation. These outcomes are largely attributed to the widespread myths and misconceptions surrounding the disease, leading to negative consequences in workplaces, public interactions, and mental health. Therefore, it is crucial to raise awareness about PD, strengthen peer networks, foster supportive community environments, and ensure that healthcare professionals are trained to provide empathetic, patient-centered care. In conclusion, this study underscores the indispensable need for a comprehensive, multi-faceted approach to address the challenges faced by individuals with PD.
Assessment Of Heavy Metal Pollution In Soils Of Ifie Community, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwatomilola Andre Obayanju , Jubemi A Pajiah 
Published: February 2025

Twelve soil samples (11 soil samples and 1 control sample) were collected to assess the level of pollution and its distribution in soils around Ifie Community, Warri South, Delta State, Nigeria, including one control sample from Federal Government College Warri. An Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) machine (model 210 VGP) was used and seven heavy metal parameters were analyzed: iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and Copper (Cu). The following results were obtained: iron (110.5 - 201.5 mg/kg), nickel (20.5 - 47.5 mg/kg), chromium (1 - 23 mg/kg), lead (1 - 3.5 mg/kg), zinc (8 - 20 mg/kg), and copper (27 - 46 mg/kg). The heavy metal distribution patterns identified in this study from highest to lowest were as follows: iron, copper, nickel, zinc, chromium, lead, cadmium. Cadmium was below the detection level in all samples. The study findings indicate high nickel and copper levels, surpassed the World Health Organization's (WHO) target values, and high nickel levels exceeding the Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente(CONAMA) prevention values, suggesting that industrial and domestic activities in the area contribute to heavy metal pollution. The Contamination Factor (CF) and Geo-accumulation Index (GeoI) indicate moderate to considerable levels of Ni and Cu contamination, while statistical analysis shows that these two metals are most likely from the same source and influenced by the same factors.
Diabète sucré de l’enfant au CHU Campus de Lomé, Togo
Authors: Fiawoo M , Hemou M , Guedenon KM , Tchapide-Traor A , Agbeko F , Djadou KE , Douti NK. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction : Le diabète est devenu l’une des urgences sanitaires mondiales du XXIème siècle qui connait l’évolution la plus rapide.
Objectif : Décrire les aspects épidémiologique, diagnostique, thérapeutique et évolutif du diabète sucré de l’enfant.
Méthodes : Il s’est agi d’une série de cas sur le diabète sucré chez les enfants de 0 à18 ans moins 1 jour, hospitalisés dans le service de pédiatrie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Campus de Lomé. L’étude a été menée sur la période du 1er janvier 2011 au 31 décembre 2020.
Résultats : Au total, 16 patients diabétique étaient enrôlés sur 12 437 enfants hospitalisés soit une fréquence hospitalière de 0,13 %. Le diabète de type 1 était retrouvé chez quatorze patients et le diabète de type 2 chez deux patients. L’âge moyen était de 10,06 ± 3,57 ans avec des extrêmes de 2 et 17 ans. La sex-ratio était de 0,78. La découverte fortuite en hospitalisation était le mode de révélation chez huit patients. Deux patients étaient obèses. Un antécédent familial de diabète avait été noté chez huit patients. Le coma (N=7), le syndrome polyuro-polydipsique (N=6) et l’amaigrissement (N=6) étaient les principaux motifs d’admission. Le coma acidocétosique (N=3) était la complication inaugurale la plus fréquente. La glycémie à l’entrée était > 4 g/L dans huit cas. L’évolution était marquée par un décès chez six patients.
Conclusion : Le diabète de l’enfant est une urgence diagnostique et thérapeutique. Des efforts méritent d’être consacrés à son dépistage systématique et à sa prise en charge.

Introduction: Diabetes has become one of the most rapidly evolving global health emergencies of the 21st century.
Objective: To describe the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of diabetes mellitus in children.
Methods: This was a case series on diabetes mellitus in children aged 0-18 years minus One days hospitalized in the pediatrics department of the teaching hospital Campus of Lomé. The study was conducted over the period from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2020.
Results: A total of 16 patients were enrolled out of 12,437 hospitalized children, representing a hospital frequency of 0.13%. Fourteen patients had type 1 diabetes and two had type 2 diabetes. Mean age was 10.06 ± 3.57 years, with extremes of 2 and 17 years. The sex ratio was 0.78. Eight patients were diagnosed by the fortuitous discovery of the disease during hospitalization. Two patients were obese. Eight patients had a family history of diabetes. Coma (N=7), polyuropolydipsic syndrome (N=6) and weight loss (N=6) were the main reasons for admission. Acidoketotic coma (N=3) was the most frequent inaugural complication. Eight cases had blood glucose levels > 4 g/L on admission. Six patients died.
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus in children is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. Efforts deserve to be devoted to systematic screening and management.
Efficacité insecticide des extraits de la pelure des fruits de <i>Citrus sinensis (L.)</i> visà-vis de <i>Sitophilus zeamais</i> (Motsch.), ravageur des grains de maïs (Zea mays L.) en stock à l'Extrême-Nord du Cameroun
Authors: Wangkaqué Sylvain Bayang , Tinkeu Léonard Simon Ngamo , Goudoum Augustin 
Published: February 2025

Description du sujet: L’usage des insecticides de synthèse demeure la méthode de lutte la plus pratiquée contre les ravageurs des denrées alimentaires stockées. Cependant, leur utilisation de façon répétitive et à concentration élevée, présente des effets néfastes tant pour les consommateurs que pour l’environnement et la biodiversité.
Objectif: Evaluer l’efficacité de la poudre de pelure des fruits de Citrus sinensis obtenu par le procédé de tamisage différentiel sur le contrôle de Sitophilus zeamais.
Méthodes: Les extraits poudreux obtenus après tamisage successif d’une masse de poudre avec des tamis de mailles décroissantes superposés, ont été utilisés pour déterminer le screening phytochimique, le dosage des métabolites secondaires et l’activité insecticide de chaque fraction formulée sur le cycle évolutif du ravageur.
Résultats: Les résultats de la caractérisation qualitative et quantitative des métabolites secondaires montrent que les teneurs varient de 22,44 à 38,31 mg EAG/g MS pour le polyphénol, de 4,45 à 5,72 mg ER/g MS pour les flavonoïdes, de 11,25 à 14,23 mg EC/g MS pour les tanins, de 2,15 à 11,28 mg ECG/ g MS pour les alcaloïdes et de 0,22 à 0,58 mg/g de poudres pour les saponines. L’activité insecticide de chaque fraction à différentes doses (3; 5 et 8 g/kg), a induit une mortalité supérieure que celle du témoin sans poudre. La dose 8 g/kg de la fraction 200 µm, a induit un taux de mortalité le plus élevé durant toute les périodes de traitements entre les jours 5 (95,55 ± 4,71 %) et 35 (94,95 ± 5,85 %), comparé au taux de mortalité (100 %) provoqué par Antouka super insecticide de référence.
Conclusion: Cette étude suggère la possibilité d’utiliser la poudre de pelure de C. sinensis comme une alternative aux insecticides chimiques dans la lutte contre le ravageur Sitophilus zeamais.
Hyper Parameters Optimization for Gaussian Mechanism with Coyote-Badger and Kriging Model for EHR
Authors: Mr. Samadhan Palkar  , Prof. (Dr.) Raghav Mehra  , Prof. (Dr.) Lingaraj Hadimani  
Published: February 2025

Differential privacy (DP) is a cornerstone of privacy-preserving data analysis. Among its mechanisms, the Gaussian mechanism stands out for its ability to provide robust privacy guarantees by adding Gaussian noise to computations. However, the mechanism’s hyper parameters, including the noise scale (σ) and privacy budget (ϵ), require careful optimization to balance privacy and utility. This paper explores the application of Coyote Optimization Algorithm (COA) and Badger Optimization Algorithm (BOA) for hyper- parameter optimization, coupled with the Kriging surrogate model to enhance computational efficiency. Comparative evaluations demonstrate that these methods outperform traditional approaches, achieving better convergence rates and improved privacy-utility trade-offs.
Effects of Breastfeeding, Maternal BMI, Gestational Age, and Birth Weight on Adiposity Rebound
Authors: Foster Octavia , Stendell-Hollis Nicole 
Published: February 2025

Background: Adiposity rebound (AR) is defined as the age in which children exhibit a nadir in body mass index (BMI)-for-age and begin to exhibit an increase from that nadir. The purpose of this project is to perform a literature review of factors that influence timing of AR in children.
Methods: This review of literature research investigation utilized a two-step search methodology. Research articles were identified utilizing electronic databases including PubMed, google scholar, Academic search complete, among other databases.
Results: Investigations for the factors, breastfeeding, maternal BMI, infant gestational age, and infant birth weight, exhibited mixed results. Investigations typically identify the association that having a healthy BMI prior to pregnancy has beneficial impact on AR timing.
Conclusions: The mixed results observed appear to be influenced by ethnicity and geographical location. Therefore, decisions on maximizing the health and delaying AR timing of the infant must occur in an individualized setting between the mother and/or parents and healthcare provider.
Comparing myocardial injury patterns and outcomes in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging between COVID-19- and non-COVID-19-related myocarditis
Authors: Hajsadeghi Shokoufeh , Kasaei Mohammad , Pouraliakbar Hamidreza , Jamalkhani Sepehr , Mirshafiee Shayan 
Published: February 2025

PurposeDespite the low incidence of COVID myocarditis, its influence on outcomes is substantial. The pivotal role of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in diagnosing myocarditis is considered to be associated with disease prognosis. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of myocardial injury patterns, CMR pathologic features, outcomes, and their correlation with CMR findings in COVID- and non-COVID-related myocarditis.Material and methodsThis historical cohort study involved 124 patients diagnosed with myocarditis (COVID-19 or non-COVID-19), who underwent CMR between 2018 and 2021. The COVID group consisted of 70 individuals with a definite history of COVID-19 infection within 4 weeks, and the non-COVID group comprised 54 individuals who had no prior exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. All patients were monitored for one year to assess the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Additionally, baseline and follow-up echocardiography data were obtained with a minimum 3-month interval.ResultsIn comparison between two groups regarding to indices of CMR, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (p < 0.001), right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in non-COVID group, and significant LV and RV systolic dysfunction were meaningfully lower in the COVID group. Extension of late gado­linium enhancement (LGE) was significantly greater in COVID group. Finally, the incidence of MACE and mean event-free survival did not have significant difference between two groups.ConclusionsAlthough CMR findings differed between the 2 groups, there was no significant difference in the risk of MACE or survival during one-year follow-up. Notably, LV and RV dysfunction were more prevalent in the non-COVID group, while extension of LGE was greater in the COVID group.