bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke in the elderly: data from the Baden‐Wuerttemberg stroke registry
Authors: Reuter B. , Gumbinger C. , Sauer T. , Wiethölter H. , Bruder I. , Rode S. , Ringleb P. A. , Kern R. , Hacke W. , Hennerici M. G. ,   Stroke Working Group of Baden‐Wuerttemberg
Published: October 2015

Background and purposeIn Europe intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for ischaemic stroke is still not approved for patients aged >80 years. However, elderly patients are frequently treated based on individual decision making. In a retrospective observational study a consecutive and prospective stroke registry in southwest Germany was analysed.MethodsThe data registry collected 101 349 patients with ischaemic stroke hospitalized from January 2008 to December 2012. Of these, 38 575 (38%) were aged 80 years and older and 10 286 (10.1%) underwent IVT. Favourable outcome at discharge was defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤1 or not worse than prior to stroke. Multiple logistic regression models stratified by 10‐year age groups were used to assess the relationship between IVT and mRS at discharge, adjusted for patient characteristics, admitting facility and length of hospital stay.ResultsThe highest IVT rate was 15% in patients aged <50 years, with a continuous decline down to 8% in patients aged ≥90 years. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for patients 80–89 years of age were 2.20 (1.95–2.47) (P < 0.0001) and 1.25 (0.88–1.78) (P = 0.21) for patients >90 years of age, compared to patients of the same age decade not treated with IVT.ConclusionsThe evidence from routine hospital care in southwest Germany indicates that IVT is an effective treatment also for aged patients with ischaemic stroke in an age range between 80 and 89 years. Although no clear evidence for the effectiveness of IVT beyond 90 years was found, treatment should also be carefully considered in these patients. High age should not discourage from treatment.
Is an Outside Chair Always Better? The Role of Non‐CEO Inside Chairs on Corporate Boards
Authors: Mobbs Shawn 
Published: October 2015

AbstractProponents of separating the CEO and chairman positions advocate having an outside chairperson, although having an inside chairperson can be valuable for some firms. I find inside chairs are more likely where firm‐specific human capital is more important and, in these firms, inside chairs are associated with higher firm valuation and better operating performance. Furthermore, skilled inside chairs increase forced CEO turnover sensitivity to performance. The evidence suggests that certain inside chairs can be valuable when firm‐specific information is important for monitoring and an outside chair may be costly.
Aboveground biomass of understorey vegetation has a negligible or negative association with overstorey tree species diversity in natural forests
Authors: Zhang Yu , Chen Han Y. H. , Taylor Anthony R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimThe positive relationships between tree species diversity, aboveground biomass and productivity of overstorey tree layers have been widely reported in tropical, temperate and boreal forest ecosystems. However, no consensus has been arrived at on the association between overstorey tree species diversity and the functions of understorey vegetation, such as the biomass of understorey tree, shrub, herb and bryophyte layers, despite their critical contributions to the diversity and functions of natural forests.LocationCanadian forest (42°37′ to 68°14′ N; 53°25′ to 134°46′ W; 4 to 2170 m elevation).MethodsWe employed Canada's National Forest Inventory dataset to evaluate the influences of overstorey tree species diversity on the aboveground biomass of each forest stratum by accounting for the effects of climate, site condition and stand age.ResultsWe found that aboveground biomass of overstorey trees and total aboveground biomass were positively associated with overstorey tree species richness; however, the aboveground biomass of understorey trees, shrubs, herbs and bryophytes were not associated or were negatively associated with overstorey tree species richness, evenness and life‐history trait variations.Main conclusionsOur results show positive associations between aboveground biomass of the overstorey tree layer and overstorey tree species diversity over a wide range of climate, local site conditions and stand ages in natural forests. However, contrary to previous findings that more tree species result in higher levels of multiple ecosystem functions, including understorey plant functions, our results demonstrate that the aboveground biomass of understorey vegetation has either a negligible or negative association with overstorey tree species diversity. The negative associations between overstorey tree species diversity and understorey biomass possibly resulted from greater resource filtering by overstorey trees in ecosystems with more diverse overstorey tree species.
Impact of potentially inappropriate medication and continuity of care in a sample of Taiwan elderly patients with diabetes mellitus who have also experienced heart failure
Authors: Lai Yung‐Rung , Yang Yi‐Sun , Tsai Min‐Ling , Lu Ying‐Li , Kornelius Edy , Huang Chien‐Ning , Chiou Jeng‐Yuan 
Published: October 2015

AimsContinuity of care (COC) and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) can affect the elderly healthcare outcome. We evaluated the COC and PIM effects in older diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with heart failure (HF).MethodsThe Longitudinal Health Insurance Database of 2005 was multiple‐year claim data collected from 2005 to 2010 in Taiwan. There were both 823 DM and non‐DM subjects aged 65 years and older in this observational study. The COC index and 2012 Beers criteria were applied to evaluate the COC and HF‐PIM in older DM patients with heart failure. The dependent variables were either hospital admissions or emergency department visits. Generalized estimating equation was used to adjust all covariates.ResultsDuring 2005–2010, the rate of HF‐PIM in the elderly DM group was 86.1%, the mean COC index was 0.28 ± 0.19, the admission rate was 31.9% and the emergency department rate was 38.8 %. Lower COC index was associated with HF‐PIM and HF‐PIM duration in older DM patients with HF. Lower COC index was associated with hospitalizations (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.05–0.11) and ED visits (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.07–0.13), but HF‐PIM was not significant. The duration of HF‐PIM was related with poor health outcomes over 90 and 180 days for hospitalization and emergency department visit, respectively.ConclusionAmong elderly DM patients with HF, COC had positive effects on healthcare outcomes. Improving COC and reducing PIM duration for elderly DM patients with HF seems warranted. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1117–1126.
Age and sex differences in the taste sensitivity of young adult, young‐old and old‐old Japanese
Authors: Yoshinaka Masaki , Ikebe Kazunori , Uota Masahiro , Ogawa Taiji , Okada Tadashi , Inomata Chisato , Takeshita Hajime , Mihara Yusuke , Gondo Yasuyuki , Masui Yukie , Kamide Kei , Arai Yasumichi , Takahashi Ryutaro , Maeda Yoshinobu 
Published: October 2015

AimThe present study examined sex and age differences in taste sensitivity among young adult, young‐old and old‐old Japanese.MethodsParticipants were divided into three groups comprising 477 men and 519 women in the young‐old group (aged 69–71 years), 449 men and 500 women in the old‐old group (aged 79–81 years), and 35 men and 35 women in the young adult group (aged 24–32 years). Recognition thresholds for the four basic tastes were measured using the 1‐mL whole mouth gustatory test, in which taste solutions of the four basic tastes were tested in five concentrations.ResultsYoung adults showed significantly lower recognition thresholds than the young‐old group, and the young‐old group showed significantly lower recognition thresholds than the old‐old group. Among the young‐old and old‐old groups, women showed significantly lower recognition thresholds than males for sour, salty and bitter tastes, but there was no sex difference in the sweet taste threshold between the two groups.ConclusionsThe present study confirmed that there are age and sex differences in taste sensitivity for the four basic tastes among young adult, young‐old, and old‐old Japanese, and that the sensitivity of sweet taste is more robust than the other tastes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1281–1288.
European AIDS Clinical Society Standard of Care meeting on HIV and related coinfections: The Rome Statements
Authors: Mussini C , Antinori A , Bhagani S , Branco T , Brostrom M , Dedes N , Bereczky T , Girardi E , Gökengin D , Horban A , Lacombe K , Lundgren JD , Mendao L , Mocroft A , Oprea C , Porter K , Podlekareva D , Battegay M , d'Arminio Monforte A ,   the European Aids Clinical Society
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesThe objective of the 1st European AIDS Clinical Society meeting on Standard of Care in Europe was to raise awareness of the European scenario and come to an agreement on actions that could be taken in the future.MethodsData‐driven presentations were given on specific topics followed by interactive panel discussions.ResultsIn Eastern European countries, the epidemic is largely driven by injecting drug use, in contrast with Western Europe where the infection mainly occurs through heterosexual contact. A high proportion of people living with HIV remain unaware of their infection. Substantial differences exist in Eastern Europe and Central Asia with respect to treatment coverage, regimen availability and continuity of drug supply. In 2012, tuberculosis case notification rates were 5–10 times higher in Eastern Europe compared with Western Europe, with an alarming proportion of newly diagnosed multi‐drug‐resistant cases. Hepatitis C is widespread in selected geographical areas and risk groups.ConclusionsThe key conclusion from the meeting was that a high‐priority group of actions could be identified, including: increasing HIV awareness and testing, improving training for health care providers, ensuring equitable patient access to treatments and diagnostics for HIV and comorbidities, and implementing best practices in infection control and treatment of HIV‐infected patients coinfected with tuberculosis and hepatitis C virus, for whom direct acting antiviral treatment. should be considered.
Pollution effects on labor supply and growth
Authors: Bosi Stefano , Desmarchelier David , Ragot Lionel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRecent empirical contributions have observed a significant negative impact of pollution on labor supply. These impacts have been largely ignored in the theoretical literature, which has focused on the effects of pollution on consumption demand. In this paper we study the short‐ and long‐run effects of pollution in a Ramsey model where pollution and labor supply are non‐separable arguments in households’ preferences. We determine sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a long‐term equilibrium and we show how large (negative) effects of pollution on labor supply may promote macroeconomic volatility (deterministic cycles near the steady state) through a flip bifurcation.
Volatility smirk as an externality of agency conflict and growing debt
Authors: Jaskowski Marcin , McAleer Michael 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSince the work of Black in the mid‐1970s, the source of the stock market volatility smirk has remained controversial. The volatility smirk is a side effect of agency conflict, and occurs in the optimum, even after resolving the agency conflict. The slope of the smirk increases with the severity of the initial agency conflict between management and investors. It is predicted that the higher is the compensation of the manager, the steeper is the volatility smirk, for both time series and cross‐sections of companies. These results help to disentangle the leverage effect from alternative explanations such as volatility feedback, time‐varying risk premium, and down‐market effects.
Gordon's model applied to nursing care of people with depression
Authors: Temel M. , Kutlu F.Y. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundPsychiatric nurses should consider the patient's biological, psychological and social aspects. Marjory Gordon's Functional Health Pattern Model ensures a holistic approach for the patient.AimTo examine the effectiveness of Gordon's Functional Health Pattern Model in reducing depressive symptoms, increasing self‐efficacy, coping with depression and increasing hope in people with depression.DesignA quasi‐experimental two‐group pre‐test and post‐test design was adopted.MethodsData were collected from April 2013 to May 2014 from people with depression at the psychiatry clinic of a state hospital in Turkey; they were assigned to the intervention (n = 34) or control group (n = 34). The intervention group received nursing care according to Gordon's Functional Health Pattern Model and routine care, while the control group received routine care only. The Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale and Depression Coping Self‐Efficacy Scale were used.ResultsThe intervention group had significantly lower scores on the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Hopelessness Scale at the post‐test and 3‐month follow‐up; they had higher scores on the Depression Coping Self‐Efficacy Scale at the 3‐month follow‐up when compared with the control group.LimitationThe study was conducted at only one psychiatry clinic. The intervention and control group patients were at the clinic at the same time and influenced each other. Moreover, because clinical routines were in progress during the study, the results cannot only be attributed to nursing interventions.DiscussionNursing models offer guidance for the care provided. Practices based on the models return more efficient and systematic caregiving results with fewer health problems.ConclusionGordon's Functional Health Pattern Model was effective in improving the health of people with depression and could be introduced as routine care with ongoing evaluation in psychiatric clinics. More research is needed to evaluate Gordon's Nursing Model effect on people with depression. Future studies could focus on the effects of this nursing model on people with other psychiatric disorders.Implications for nursing and health policyThis study highlighted that psychiatric nurses' role decreased depressive symptoms and hopelessness, and increased coping and self‐efficacy in people with depression.
Rhinovirus‐associated pulmonary exacerbations show a lack of FEV1 improvement in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Cousin Mathias , Molinari Nicolas , Foulongne Vincent , Caimmi Davide , Vachier Isabelle , Abely Michel , Chiron Raphael 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundRespiratory viral infections lead to bronchial inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis, especially during pulmonary exacerbations. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of viral‐associated pulmonary exacerbations in children with cystic fibrosis and failure to improve forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) after an appropriate treatment.MethodsWe lead a pilot study from January 2009 until March 2013. Children with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis were longitudinally evaluated three times: at baseline (Visit 1), at the diagnosis of pulmonary exacerbation (Visit 2), and after exacerbation treatment (Visit 3). Nasal and bronchial samples were analyzed at each visit with multiplex viral respiratory PCR panel (qualitative detection of 16 viruses). Pulmonary function tests were recorded at each visit, in order to highlight a possible failure to improve them after treatment. Lack of improvement was defined by an increase in FEV1 less than 5% between Visit 2 and Visit 3.ResultsEighteen children were analyzed in the study. 10 patients failed to improve by more than 5% their FEV1 between Visit 2 and Visit 3. Rhinovirus infection at Visit 2 or Visit 3 was the only risk factor significantly associated with such a failure (OR, 12; 95% CI, 1·3–111·3), P = 0·03.ConclusionsRhinovirus infection seems to play a role in the FEV1 recovery after pulmonary exacerbation treatment in children with cystic fibrosis. Such an association needs to be confirmed by a large‐scale study because this finding may have important implications for pulmonary exacerbation management.
New insights into the evolutionary history of white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias
Authors: Andreotti Sara , von der Heyden Sophie , Henriques Romina , Rutzen Michael , Meÿer Michael , Oosthuizen Herman , Matthee Conrad A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo determine the genetic structure of the white shark population around the South African coastline and, by including data from animals sampled elsewhere in the world, to provide new insights into white shark evolution at the global scale.MethodsMitochondrial and microsatellite analyses were performed on 302 free‐ranging white sharks collected from five sites along the South African coastline. This was augmented with 58 GenBank sequences originating from five distinct global populations. Genetic diversity, local population sub‐structuring analyses and global phylogeographical patterns were determined.ResultsFour mtDNA haplotypes restricted to South Africa were recovered. One common haplotype was shared by 89% of all the individuals and was 13 bp different from the second most common haplotype shared by 10% of the remaining sharks. No local geographical sub‐structuring was evident for either mtDNA or nuclear DNA. Both data sets show a remarkably low level of genetic diversity (mtDNA: h = 0.205, π = 0.0027; nDNA: Na = 7.6, Ho = 0.675). At the global scale, three distinct geographical clades were detected which could not be connected with 95% confidence in the haplotype network.Main conclusionsResults indicate that the observed South African mtDNA biogeographical pattern and diversity levels may be a consequence of a severe bottleneck or a recent colonization event from one or two sources. Globally, the population of white sharks can be differentiated into three mtDNA clades confined to (1) the Mediterranean and Indo‐Pacific Oceans (Australia and California), (2) the North West Atlantic (Florida) and Indian Ocean (South Africa), and (3) a single divergent haplotype restricted to South Africa. The pattern is most likely the result of a combination of site philopatry, isolation by distance, infrequent long‐distance dispersal, isolated founder events and the closure of the Isthmus of Panama.
A knowledge‐structure‐based adaptive dynamic assessment system for calculus learning
Authors: Ting M.‐Y. , Kuo B.‐C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a calculus system that was designed using an adaptive dynamic assessment (DA) framework on performance in the “finding an area using an integral”. In this study, adaptive testing and dynamic assessment were combined to provide different test items depending on students’ abilities. Prompts were provided from among various options. Two hundred fifty‐seven freshmen from one public university in Taiwan participated in the study. The pre‐test was held within one week after the examinees learned how to find an area using an integral. Remedial instruction was completed within two weeks, and the students were administered the post‐ test. Two weeks after the administration of the post‐test, a delayed post‐test was administered to evaluate the students’ retention. When an examinee responded to an item correctly, he received a score. Otherwise, the student was given a prompt. In this study, five experimental groups were compared: three different DA groups, one self‐study group and one remedial group instruction. The results of the study revealed that the instructive effect of the adaptive dynamic assessment approach (the third DA group) was the best and that the proposed methods helped students improve their learning performance.
Prolonged silencing of diacylglycerol acyltransferase‐1 induces a dedifferentiated phenotype in human liver cells
Authors: Chang Soyoung , Sung Pil Soo , Lee Jungsul , Park Junseong , Shin Eui‐Cheol , Choi Chulhee 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDiacylglycerol acyltransferase‐1 (DGAT1), a key enzyme in triglyceride (TG) biogenesis, is highly associated with metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the effects of DGAT1 silencing in the human liver have not been elucidated. To investigate the effects of DGAT1 silencing in human liver cells, we compared the cellular behaviours of DGAT1‐deficient Huh‐7.5 cell lines with those of control Huh‐7.5 cells. DGAT1‐deficient cells acquired dedifferentiated and stem cell‐like characteristics, such as formation of aggregates in the presence of high levels of growth factors, high proliferation rates and loss of albumin secretion. In relation to aggregate formation, the expression level of various adhesion molecules was significantly altered in DGAT1‐deficient cells. Microarray data analysis and immunostaining of patient tissue samples clearly showed decreased expression levels of DGAT1 and integrin β1 in patients who have nodular cirrhosis without fatty degeneration.
Long‐term assessment of effectiveness and quality of life of OnabotulinumtoxinA injections in provoked vestibulodynia
Authors: Pelletier F. , Girardin M. , Humbert P. , Puyraveau M. , Aubin F. , Parratte B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundProvoked vestibulodynia is a relatively common condition that affects sexual activity. Multidisciplinary care is indicated and OnabotulinumtoxinA injections are safe and effective treatment in this indication.AimsTo assess the long‐term efficacy of OnabotulinumtoxinA in provoked vestibulodynia.Materials and methodsTwenty‐one patients treated with OnabotulinumtoxinA injections (50U in each bulbospongiosus muscle) 24 months prior to the study were included. Data on pain [assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS)], quality of life [measured by the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)] and quality of sex life [assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI)] were collected before treatment, and 3 and 24 months after injection.ResultsNineteen patients participated in the study and 37% had no pain after 24 months. Significant improvements were noted in the VAS, DLQI and FSFI scores between baseline and 24 months post treatment (P < 0.0001). After 24 months, 18 patients (95%) were able to have sexual intercourse.This study was open and non‐controlled.Discussion and conclusion100U OnabotulinumtoxinA injections constitute an effective treatment in provoked vestibulodynia with results maintained after 2 years. They significantly improve pain, and have a positive impact on patient quality of life and sex life. Beneficial effects continue in the long‐term, allowing patients to resume sexual activity.
Back to the future: assessing the damage of 2004 Dhaka flood in the 2050 urban environment
Authors: Khan D.M. , Veerbeek W. , Chen A.S. , Hammond M.J. , Islam F. , Pervin I. , Djordjević S. , Butler D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPlanning to make a city flood resilient needs proper assessment of future conditions. Urban growth models are being used as a planning tool for city development. Within the project Collaborative Research in Flood Resilience in Urban Areas (CORFU), flood management strategies suitable for cities with varied geographic and socio‐economic conditions have been developed. In the paper, we adopted urban growth model to project the possible future conditions of Dhaka City, the rapidly developing capital of Bangladesh. Bangladesh lies in the delta of the Himalayan Mountain range and experiences frequent flooding. In 2004 an extreme nationwide flood event occurred, which caused major damage to Dhaka City. If the same event were to occur in 2050, it can be expected that the damage would increase significantly. Through the application of the urban growth, hydraulic and damage assessment models, we were able to determine the damage that can be expected to happen in 2050. The paper also describes the key factors that are important to determine this impact and the associated uncertainties.