bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recommendations for including multiple symptoms as endpoints in cancer clinical trials
Authors: Cleeland Charles S. , Sloan Jeff A. , Cella David , Chen Connie , Dueck Amylou C. , Janjan Nora A. , Liepa Astra M. , Mallick Rajiv , O'Mara Ann , Pearson Jay D. , Torigoe Yasuhiro , Wang Xin Shelley , Williams Loretta A. , Woodruff Jeanie F. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe multiple symptoms arising from cancer and its treatment impose significant distress for patients. However, in clinical research, there is no agreed‐upon way of assessing and presenting the effects of treatment on multiple symptoms, as either individual scores or a composite score. The ASCPRO (Assessing the Symptoms of Cancer Using Patient‐Reported Outcomes) Multisymptom Task Force was established to make recommendations about measuring multiple symptoms as outcomes in cancer clinical trials. The Multisymptom Task Force addressed how to choose the symptoms to be assessed and how multiple individual symptom scores or composite scores of several symptoms might be used as clinical trial outcomes. Consensus was reached on a definition of a multisymptom outcome, the problem of source attribution, and the need for a hypothesis‐driven conceptual framework to measure multisymptom outcomes. Validated single‐item and multi‐item measures currently available or that can be easily generated for oncology use were deemed sufficient for measuring multiple symptoms. The relative value of a composite score versus a set of individual symptom scores was discussed, along with issues in developing and deploying such a composite measure. The results indicated that more research on combining scores of different symptoms is needed. Symptom data should be a required component of cancer clinical trials. Patient‐reported symptoms provide a unique patient perspective on treatment benefit and risk that goes beyond clinician‐reported adverse events. A representation of changes in multiple symptoms would clarify the impact of treatment and enhance the interpretation of cancer clinical trials for clinicians, patients, and those who make health care policy. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Debye Sources and the Numerical Solution of the Time Harmonic Maxwell Equations II
Authors: Epstein Charles L. , Greengard Leslie , O'Neil Michael 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a new integral representation for the solution of the time harmonic Maxwell equations in media with piecewise constant dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability in
$\font\open=msbm10 at 10pt\def\R{\hbox{\open R}}\R^3$. This representation leads to a coupled system of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind for four scalar densities supported on the material interface. Like the classical Müller equation, it has no spurious resonances. Unlike the classical approach, however, the representation does not suffer from low‐frequency breakdown. We illustrate the performance of the method with numerical examples. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus impairs the maturation of endothelial progenitor cells and increases the number of circulating endothelial cells in peripheral blood
Authors: Lombardo Marco F. , Iacopino Pasquale , Cuzzola Maria , Spiniello Elisa , Garreffa Cristina , Ferrelli Francesca , Coppola Andrea , Saccardi Riccardo , Piaggesi Alberto , Piro Rosanna , Mannino Domenico , Grossi Giovanni , Lauro Davide , Irrera Giuseppe 
Published: August 2012

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with endothelial dysfunction, which leads to vascular complications. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are thought to be a subset of cells derived from the bone marrow that play a crucial role in the neovascularization of ischemic tissue and in the maintenance of endothelial cell integrity. In contrast, circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are of endothelial origin and become detached from the intima of blood vessels in response to pathological stimuli. The study investigated the effects of T2DM on subpopulations of EPCs and CECs in peripheral blood, as compared with the effects on unacylated (UAG) and acylated (AG) ghrelin levels, which have been shown recently to play an important role in endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes. Using the high‐performance flow cytometer FACSCanto, and UAG/AG ghrelin enzyme immunoassay kits, we analyzed whole peripheral blood samples from: (i) diabetic patients with a history of disease of less than 1 year and no clinical evidence of angiopathy, (ii) diabetic patients with long‐standing disease with vascular complications, and (iii) healthy donors. We found that T2DM did not affect bone‐marrow mobilization, but it altered the UAG/AG profile and decreased the number of highly differentiated EPCs (late EPCs) greatly. In addition, T2DM increased the number of CECs, together with the number of activated CECs. Our results suggest that: (i) the endothelial damage could be due mainly to altered maturation/commitment of EPCs, rather than a simple decrease in their production in the bone marrow; and (ii) EPC subpopulations and ghrelin levels could be useful markers to assess endothelial damage in diabetes. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Multicolor flow cytometry analysis of the proliferations of T‐lymphocyte subsets in vitro by EdU incorporation
Authors: Sun Yanli , Sun Yu , Lin Guigao , Zhang Rui , Zhang Kuo , Xie Jiehong , Wang Lunan , Li Jinming 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEdU (5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine) incorporation has proved advantageous in the studies of cell kinetics, DNA synthesis, and cellular proliferation in vitro and in vivo compared to [3H]thymidine incorporation and BrdU (5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine) incorporation. Here, we describe a method that combines EdU incorporation and immunostaining with flow cytometric analysis to detect the proliferations of T lymphocyte subsets in vitro and optimized the assay's conditions. We found that the number of EdU+ cells were associated with EdU concentration, incubation time, and the volume of Click reaction solution, the best EdU concentration 10–50 μM, the optimal incubation time 8–12 h and the proper volume of Click volume 100 μl for labeling 1 × 106 lymphocytes. Fixation was better to be performed before permeabilization, not together with. Furthermore, the permeabilization detergent reagent, PBS with 0.05% saponin was better than Tris buffer saline (TBS) with 0.1% Triton X‐100. In addition, sufficient wash with PBS with 0.05% saponin has no influence on the staining of EdU+ cells. Also, the lymphocytes incorporating EdU could be stored at 4°C, −80°C, and in liquid nitrogen up to 21 days. The present study will aid in optimization of flow cytometry assay to detect the proliferations of T cell subsets by EdU incorporation and the labeling of cell surface antigens. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Estimating risk factors and perinatal outcomes for gestational diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in teen mothers
Authors: Baker Arthur M. , Haeri Sina 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundOur objective was to identify potentially modifiable risk factors and outcomes for gestational diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in a contemporary American teen population.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of all teenage deliveries (≤18 years old) at one institution over a 4‐year period with documented oral glucose tolerance testing. All cases of gestational diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance were identified using the Carpenter and Coustan diagnostic criteria and compared with teenage mothers with normal glucose tolerance testing.ResultsOf the 670 included teen deliveries, 668 were either African American or Hispanic/Latino; 31 (5%) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes (n = 5) or impaired glucose tolerance (n = 26). Higher maternal prepregnancy body mass index (34.3 ± 7.8 vs 30.3 ± 6.4, p = 0.001) and morbid obesity (body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2, RR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.6) were associated with gestational diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. There was no association with weight gain above the Institute of Medicine recommended levels (RR 1.6, 95% CI 0.77–3.4). On postpregnancy follow up, three of the five (60%) teens with gestational diabetes and none of the 26 (0%) teens with impaired glucose tolerance were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsHigher prepregnancy body mass index, especially morbid obesity, places the gravid teen at higher risk for development of gestational diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy. The potentially modifiable nature of these risk factors coupled with the emerging teen obesity epidemic underscores the need for increased public health focus on this problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relation among NGF, EGF and insulin is important for triggering pancreatic β cell apoptosis
Authors: Gezginci‐Oktayoglu S. , Karatug A. , Bolkent S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundNerve growth factor (NGF) is a well‐known mediator for maintaining the survival of neurons, while recent studies report that its absence induces apoptosis in cultured β cells of humans and rats. However, its relationship with other growth factors that have important roles in the survival and function of β cells such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NGF withdrawal on the synthesis and secretion of EGF, insulin with respect to β cell apoptosis in hyperglycemic rats.Methodβ cells were isolated from euglycemic and streptozotocin‐induced hyperglycemic rats and treated with NGF neutralizing antibody for withdrawal of NGF in culture medium. NGF, EGF and insulin levels in cell lysates and secretion samples were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and their gene expressions were determined by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. Apoptosis was quantitatively determined by cytoplasmic histone‐associated DNA fragments.ResultsNerve growth factor neutralization triggered β cell apoptosis. In addition decreased insulin, increased NGF and EGF were observed at gene expression and protein levels by NGF neutralization. Moreover, NGF withdrawal decreased secretion of these peptides from β cells. Although the alterations seemed to be similar under euglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions, NGF withdrawal more strongly affected β cells of hyperglycemic rats.ConclusionsThese important findings indicate that NGF is an important regulator for the synthesis and secretion of EGF and insulin from the β cells. Moreover, results suggested that NGF withdrawal causes apoptosis by decreasing EGF, NGF and insulin secretion from β cells of hyperglycemic rats. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Podocyte‐specific overexpression of metallothionein mitigates diabetic complications in the glomerular filtration barrier and glomerular histoarchitecture: a transmission electron microscopy stereometric analysis
Authors: Carlson Edward C. , Chhoun Jennifer M. , Laturnus Donna I. , Bikash KC , Berg Brittany , Zheng Shirong , Epstein Paul N. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundWe previously demonstrated that cellular and extracellular components of the blood–urine barrier in renal glomeruli are susceptible to damage in OVE transgenic mice, a valuable model of human diabetic nephropathy that expresses profound albuminuria.MethodsTo test our hypothesis that glomerular filtration barrier damage in OVE mice may be the result of oxidative insult to podocytes, 150‐day‐old bi‐transgenic OVENmt diabetic mice that overexpress the antioxidant metallothionein specifically in podocytes were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for albuminuria mitigation and by unbiased transmission electron microscopy (TEM) stereometry for protection from chronic structural diabetic complications.ResultsAlthough blood glucose and HbA1c levels were indistinguishable in OVE and OVENmt animals, albuminuria was significantly reduced (average >7‐fold) in OVENmt mice through 8 months of age. Interestingly, the Nmt transgene provided significant glomerular protection against diabetic nephropathic complications outside of the podocyte. Glomerular filtration barrier damage was reduced in OVENmt mice, including significantly increased area occupied by endothelial luminal fenestrations (~13%), significantly reduced glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening (~17%) and significantly less podocyte effacement (~18%). In addition, OVENmt mice exhibited significantly reduced glomerular volume (~50%), fewer glomerular endothelial cells (~33%), fewer mesangial cells (~57%) and fewer total glomerular cells (~40%).ConclusionsThese results provide evidence of oxidative damage to podocytes induces primary diabetic nephropathic features including severe and sustained albuminuria, specific glomerular filtration barrier damage and alterations in glomerular endothelial and mesangial cell number. Importantly, these diabetic complications are significantly mitigated by podocyte targeted metallothionein overexpression. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protocadherin‐17 function in Zebrafish retinal development
Authors: Chen Yun , Londraville Richard , Brickner Sarah , El‐Shaar Lana , Fankhauser Kelsee , Dearth Cassandra , Fulton Leah , Sochacka Alicja , Bhattarai Sunil , Marrs James A. , Liu Qin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCadherin cell adhesion molecules play crucial roles in vertebrate development including the development of the retina. Most studies have focused on examining functions of classic cadherins (e.g. N‐cadherin) in retinal development. There is little information on the function of protocadherins in the development of the vertebrate visual system. We previously showed that protocadherin‐17 mRNA was expressed in developing zebrafish retina during critical stages of the retinal development. To gain insight into protocadherin‐17 function in the formation of the retina, we analyzed eye development and differentiation of retinal cells in zebrafish embryos injected with protocadherin‐17 specific antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs). Protocadherin‐17 knockdown embryos (pcdh17 morphants) had significantly reduced eyes due mainly to decreased cell proliferation. Differentiation of several retinal cell types (e.g. retinal ganglion cells) was also disrupted in the pcdh17 morphants. Phenotypic rescue was achieved by injection of protocadherin‐17 mRNA. Injection of a vivo‐protocadherin‐17 MO into one eye of embryonic zebrafish resulted in similar eye defects. Our results suggest that protocadherin‐17 plays an important role in the normal formation of the zebrafish retina. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2013
Ectopic expression of Fgf3 leads to aberrant lineage segregation in the mouse parthenote preimplantation embryos
Authors: Chen Yi‐Hui , Yu John 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground: Parthenogenetic mammalian embryos were reported to die in utero no later than the 25‐somite stage due to abnormal development of both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages. Interestingly, it has been shown that parthenogenetic ICM cells tend to differentiate more into primitive endoderm cells and less into epiblast and ES cells. Hence we are interested in studying the molecular mechanisms underlying lineage defects of parthenotes. Results: We found that parthenote inner cell masses (ICMs) contained decreased numbers of Sox2+/Nanog+ epiblast cells but increased numbers of Gata4+ primitive endoderm cells, indicating an unusual lineage segregation. We demonstrate for the first time that the increased Gata4 level in parthenotes may be explained by the strong up‐regulation of Fgf3 and Fgfr2 phosphorylation. Inhibition of Fgfr2 activation by SU5402 in parthenotes restored normal Nanog and Gata4 levels without affecting Fgf3, indicating that Fgf3 is upstream of Fgfr2 activation. In parthenote trophectoderm, we detected normal Cdx2 but ectopic Gata4 expression and reduced Elf5 and Tbr2(Eomes) levels. Conclusions: Taken together, our work provides for the first time the insight into the molecular mechanisms of the developmental defects of parthenogenetic embryos in both the trophectoderm and ICM. Developmental Dynamics 241:1651–1664, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.
Comprehensive timeline of mesodermal development in the quail small intestine
Authors: Thomason Rebecca T. , Bader David M. , Winters Nichelle I. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground: To generate the mature intestine, splanchnic mesoderm diversifies into six different tissue layers each with multiple cell types through concurrent and complex morphogenetic events. Hindering the progress of research in the field is the lack of a detailed description of the fundamental morphological changes that constitute development of the intestinal mesoderm. Results: We used immunofluorescence and morphometric analyses of wild‐type and Tg(tie1:H2B‐eYFP) quail embryos to establish a comprehensive timeline of mesodermal development in the avian intestine. The following landmark features were analyzed from appearance of the intestinal primordium through generation of the definitive structure: radial compartment formation, basement membrane dynamics, mesothelial differentiation, mesenchymal expansion and growth patterns, smooth muscle differentiation, and maturation of the vasculature. In this way, structural relationships between mesodermal components were identified over time. Conclusions: This integrated analysis presents a roadmap for investigators and clinicians to evaluate diverse experimental data obtained at individual stages of intestinal development within the longitudinal context of intestinal morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 241:1678–1694, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.
Rainfall can explain adaptive phenotypic variation with high gene flow in the New Holland Honeyeater (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae)
Authors: Myers Steven A. , Donnellan Stephen , Kleindorfer Sonia 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIdentifying environmentally driven changes in traits that serve an ecological function is essential for predicting evolutionary outcomes of climate change. We examined population genetic structure, sex‐specific dispersal patterns, and morphology in relation to rainfall patterns across an island and three peninsulas in South Australia. The study system was the New Holland Honeyeater (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae), a nectarivorous passerine that is a key pollinator species. We predicted that rainfall‐related mechanisms would be driving local adaptation of morphological traits, such that in areas of lower rainfall, where nectar is less available, more insectivorous traits – shorter, deeper bills, longer tarsi, and longer wings – would be favored. The study populations differed in phenotype across the Eyre, Yorke, and Fleurieu Peninsulas and Kangaroo Island despite high gene flow (single continuous population) and sex‐biased dispersal (males were philopatric and females dispersed). We tested the role of rainfall in shaping the observed phenotypic differences, and found strong support for our predicted relationships: birds in areas of higher rainfall had higher condition indices, as well as longer bill‐head length, deeper bills, and shorter tarsi. Bill depth in males in high‐rainfall sites showed signals of stabilizing selection, suggesting local adaptation. In addition to these local indications of selection, a global pattern of directional selection toward larger size for bill‐head length, bill‐nostril length, and wing length was also observed. We suggest this pattern may reflect an adaptive response to the relatively dry conditions that South Australia has experienced over the last decade. We conclude that rainfall has shaped aspects of phenology in P. novaehollandiae, both locally, with different patterns of stabilizing and directional selection, and globally, with evidence of adaptive divergence at a landscape scale.
Power consumption model for macrocell and microcell base stations
Authors: Deruyck Margot , Joseph Wout , Martens Luc 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a power consumption model for both macrocell and microcell base stations is proposed. This model is validated by temporal power measurements on actual base stations, and an excellent agreement is obtained. Furthermore, the power consumption's evolution during the day is investigated by means of these measurements. The energy efficiency of three different wireless technologies is compared namely mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, Long Term Evolution and High Speed Packet Access. With the model proposed, the deployment tool Green Radio Access Network Design is implemented, which allows to design an energy‐efficient access network for a predefined area. In general and with the assumptions made, a macrocell base station consumes about 4.4 times more than a microcell base station. However, a microcell base station is less energy efficient than a macrocell base station because of its lower coverage range. Despite this, it is still useful to introduce them in the network as the same coverage can be obtained with a lower total power consumption than with a network where only macrocell base stations are used. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Main enablers for advanced interference mitigation
Authors: Zirwas Wolfgang , Mennerich Wolfgang , Khan Aneeq 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe vision of an interference‐free or interference‐exploiting mobile cellular radio system has attracted lots of research groups. It led to several 3GPP long term evolution coordinated multipoint transmission studies and working items. So far, the results achieved are still far from theoretical performance as expected from network‐wide cooperation. In reality, small to moderate gains will be easily lost in case of realistic channel estimation and feedback assumptions. Therefore, the European Union founded project ARTIST4G had a three‐fold goal: leveraging considerable system level gains in combination with an effective channel estimation and a low rate feedback scheme. One main enabler is the so‐called partial coordinated multipoint plus cover shift concept of overlapping cooperation areas approaching user centric clustering. ‘Simple’ but powerful is a novel interference floor shaping technique based on cooperation area specific vertical antenna tilting and power allocation. An enhanced scheduling strategy turns signal to interference and noise into spectral efficiency and coverage gains. For overcoming channel state information outdating and simultaneously minimizing feedback overhead, a model‐based channel prediction concept is proposed reporting location instead of channel state information. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.