bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory system development influences the ontogeny of eyeblink conditioning
Authors: Goldsberry Mary E. , Elkin Magdalyn E. , Freeman John H. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA rate‐limiting factor in the ontogeny of auditory eyeblink conditioning (EBC) is the development of sensory inputs to the pontine nucleus. One possible way to facilitate the emergence of EBC would be to use a conditioned stimulus (CS) that activates an earlier‐developing sensory system. The goal of the current study was to investigate whether using a vibration CS would facilitate the ontogeny of delay EBC relative to an auditory CS. Rat pups received six sessions of delay EBC or unpaired training using either a tone or vibration CS on postnatal day (P)14–15, 17–18, 21–22, or 24–25. Conditioning with a vibration CS resulted in rapid learning as early as P17–18, whereas conditioning with a tone CS did not result in rapid conditioning until after P17–18. Control experiments verified that the differences in EBC were due to CS‐specific sensory properties. The results suggest that the ontogeny of EBC depends on sensory system development. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1244–1251, 2014.
Classification systems for lower extremity amputation prediction in subjects with active diabetic foot ulcer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Monteiro‐Soares M. , Martins‐Mendes D. , Vaz‐Carneiro A. , Sampaio S. , Dinis‐Ribeiro M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimWe systematically review the available systems used to classify diabetic foot ulcers in order to synthesize their methodological qualitative issues and accuracy to predict lower extremity amputation, as this may represent a critical point in these patients' care.Material and MethodsTwo investigators searched, in EBSCO, ISI, PubMed and SCOPUS databases, and independently selected studies published until May 2013 and reporting prognostic accuracy and/or reliability of specific systems for patients with diabetic foot ulcer in order to predict lower extremity amputation.ResultsWe included 25 studies reporting a prevalence of lower extremity amputation between 6% and 78%. Eight different diabetic foot ulcer descriptions and seven prognostic stratification classification systems were addressed with a variable (1–9) number of factors included, specially peripheral arterial disease (n = 12) or infection at the ulcer site (n = 10) or ulcer depth (n = 10). The Meggitt–Wagner, S(AD)SAD and Texas University Classification systems were the most extensively validated, whereas ten classifications were derived or validated only once. Reliability was reported in a single study, and accuracy measures were reported in five studies with another eight allowing their calculation. Pooled accuracy ranged from 0.65 (for gangrene) to 0.74 (for infection).ConclusionThere are numerous classification systems for diabetic foot ulcer outcome prediction, but only few studies evaluated their reliability or external validity. Studies rarely validated several systems simultaneously and only a few reported accuracy measures. Further studies assessing reliability and accuracy of the available systems and their composing variables are needed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disease‐specific health status as a predictor of mortality in patients with heart failure: a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Mastenbroek Mirjam H. , Versteeg Henneke , Zijlstra Wobbe P. , Meine Mathias , Spertus John A. , Pedersen Susanne S. 
Published: February 2014

AimsSome, but not all, studies have shown that patient‐reported health status, including symptoms, functioning, and health‐related quality of life, provides additional information to traditional clinical factors in predicting prognosis in heart failure patients. To evaluate the overall evidence, the association of disease‐specific health status on mortality in heart failure was examined through a systematic review and meta‐analysis.Methods and resultsProspective cohort studies that assessed the independent association of disease‐specific health status with mortality in heart failure were selected. Searching PubMed (until March 2013) resulted in 17 articles in the systematic review and 17 studies in the meta‐analysis. About half of the studies reported a significant relationship between disease‐specific health status and mortality in heart failure, while the remainder found no association. A larger sample size increased the chance of identification of a significant association. The results of the meta‐analysis (including studies using a dichotomized heart failure‐specific health status variable as predictor) showed that heart failure patients reporting poor disease‐specific health status had a 39% increased risk of dying [hazard ratio 1.39 (1.25–1.54)] when compared with patients experiencing moderate or good disease‐specific health status.ConclusionPatient‐reported health status was an independent risk indicator for mortality in heart failure patients and may facilitate the identification of patients at high risk for poor prognosis above and beyond traditional risk variables. These findings suggest that patient‐reported health status should be routinely assessed in determining prognosis, as this information cannot be captured from patients' medical records.
Click Reaction Synthesis and Photophysical Studies of Dendritic Metalloporphyrins
Authors: Nguyen Nguyen Tran , Hofkens Johan , Scheblykin Ivan G. , Kruk Mikalai , Dehaen Wim 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSeveral dendritic zinc(II)‐porphyrins bearing carbazole units at the terminals have been prepared through click reaction of azide‐substituted Zn‐porphyrin precursors and carbazole‐based alkynes under [Cu(NCCH3)4][PF6] catalysis. This family of new dendritic metalloporphyrins shows dual luminescence from both the upper S2 and the lowest S1 singlet states. The observed trends in the spectroscopic data and the photophysical properties of the dendrimers have been rationalized in terms of the type of meso‐spacer between the macrocycle and dendritic shell. The key feature of the meso‐spacer is proposed to be the degree of hindrance towards aryl ring rotation relative to the mean porphyrin plane. Based on the observed differences in the S1→S0 fluorescence quantum yield on going from four‐ to five‐coordinate dendrimers, it was shown that dendrimer architectures with all four meso‐aryl spacers sterically hindered, are most appropriate to monitor processes related to axial ligation of the dendrimer core, since they provide larger luminescence response differences between the four‐coordinate and five‐coordinate forms. The blue S2→S0 fluorescence quantum yield has been measured and the observed trend has been rationalized in terms of the S2→S1 energy gap law. No significant differences were observed between the compounds either with different rotational degree of freedom of the meso‐spacers or with different ligation states of the dendrimer core.
Hetero‐Wolff Rearrangement of an α‐Sulfinyl Carbene: Thermally Activated Intersystem Crossing of the Lowest Excited Triplet State of a Ground‐State Singlet Carbene
Authors: O'Sullivan Orlagh C. M. , Collins Stuart G. , Maguire Anita R. , Buche Götz 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLaser flash photolysis (λexc = 266 nm) of α‐sulfinyl diazo compound 1b results in the formation of two transient phenomena. Transient absorption A (intense, λmax = 275 nm) shows jump‐and‐growth behaviour with a growth lifetime of τ = 2 μs. Transient absorption B (weak, λmax = 415 and 540 nm) decays with a lifetime of τ = 1.8 μs, which suggests that B decays into A. On the basis of a comparison with calculated UV/Vis spectra, transient absorption B is assigned to triplet carbene 37. DFT and CCSD(T) calculations indicate that carbene 7 should have a singlet (S) ground state with a singlet–triplet energy gap of ca. 11 kcal mol–1 in acetonitrile solution. The seemingly paradoxical observation of a triplet excited state of a ground‐state singlet carbene is rationalised in terms of the very different geometries of the singlet and triplet carbene; the most prominent difference lies in the pyramidalisation at the sulfoxide sulfur atom. For the singlet carbene 17, the O–S–C:–C(=O) dihedral angle is calculated to be 172.8°, whereas it is –80.0° for the triplet carbene 37. Therefore, for efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) to occur, the triplet carbene must significantly change its geometry. A triplet–singlet minimum energy crossing point (MECP) was located with an O–S–C:–C(=O) dihedral angle of –141.3°. On the basis of the energy of this MECP (15.2 kcal mol–1 above the S carbene in CH3CN) and on the ISC rate constant of diphenyl carbene taken as preexponential factor, a rate for the ISC of 37 is estimated that matches the experimental value within one order of magnitude.
Evaluating effects of applying different kinetic models to pyrolysis modeling of fiberglass‐reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Kim E. , Dembsey N. , Shivkumar S. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThis research evaluates the effects of applying different kinetic models (KMs), developed based on thermal analysis using thermogravimetric analysis data, when used in typical 1D pyrolysis models of fiberglass‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. The effect of different KMs is isolated from the FRP heating by conducting pyrolysis modeling based on measured temperature gradients. Mass loss rate simulations from this pyrolysis modeling with various KMs show changes in the simulations due to applying different KM approaches are minimal in general. Pyrolysis simulations with the most complex KM are conducted at several heat flux levels. Mass loss rate comparison shows there is good overlap between simulations and the experimental data at low incident heat fluxes. Comparison shows there is poor overlap at high incident heat fluxes. These results indicate that increasing complexity of KMs to be used in pyrolysis modeling is unnecessary for these FRP samples and that the basic assumption of considering thermal decomposition of each computational cell in comprehensive pyrolysis modeling as equivalent to that in a thermogravimetric analysis experiment becomes inapplicable at depth and higher heating rates. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study to find the best extraction solvent for use with guava leaves (Psidium guajavaL.) for high antioxidant efficacy
Authors: Seo Jongkwon , Lee Soojung , Elam Marcus L. , Johnson Sarah A. , Kang Jonghoon , Arjmandi Bahram H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe effects of guava leaves extracted using solvents of water, ethanol, methanol, and different concentrations of hydroethanolic solvents on phenolic compounds and flavonoids, and antioxidant properties have been investigated. The antioxidant capability was assessed based on 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical and 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical‐scavenging abilities, reducing power, and nitric oxide‐ and nitrate‐scavenging activities. The results demonstrated that the antioxidant ability of guava leaf extracts has a strong relationship with phenolic compound content rather than flavonoid content. Phenolic compound content of water extracted guava leaves was higher compared to pure ethanol and methanol extracts. However, phenolic compound content extracted using hydroethanolic solvent was higher than water, whereas 50% hydroethanolic was observed to be the most effective solvent showing high antioxidant ability.
Detecting bean stress response to CO2 leakage with the utilization of leaf and canopy spectral derivative ratio
Authors: Jinbao Jiang , Steven Michael D , Qingkong Cai , Ruyan He , Haiqiang Guo , Yunhao Chen 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCarbon capture and storage (CCS) is one of the critical techniques for mitigating global climate warming which can capture and store the CO2 released during industrial processes into deep geological sites. However, there is a possible risk that the CO2 might leak from under the ground. Therefore, it is important that CO2 leakage spots on the surface of sequestration fields be detected at large scale and on a long‐term basis. The purpose of this study was to design a new model to identify CO2 leakage spots through monitoring the spectral change of vegetation on the surface of the sequestration fields. A field simulation experiment was performed at the Sutton Bonington campus of the University of Nottingham to collect the leaf and canopy reflectance of beans, which grew in soil with different levels of CO2 concentration. Visible symptoms of bean stress caused by CO2 leakage may include the reducing bean vigor and the bean leaves turning yellow. The canopy spectra and leaf spectra were processed by a smoothing, continuum removal and first derivative method. We found that, while the CO2 concentration of the soil increased, the sum of the first derivative reflectance in the 500–550 nm (SDg) increased and that in the 680–760 nm (SDr) decreased gradually compared with that of the control plots. Moreover, the newly developed ratio index SDr/SDg can be effectively used to distinguish gassed and ungassed beans at both leaf and canopy scales. Significant correlation was found between the SPAD values and the SDr/SDg indices (R2 = 0.5687, n = 197). This study indicates that hyperspectral remote sensing techniques can be used to detect CO2 leaking spots by investigating the spectral change of vegetation reflectance in the sequestration fields.
Increased functional coupling between the left fronto‐parietal network and anterior insula predicts steeper delay discounting in smokers
Authors: Clewett David , Luo Shan , Hsu Eustace , Ainslie George , Mather Mara , Monterosso John 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn previous work, smokers showed steeper devaluation of delayed rewards than non‐smokers. While the neural correlates of this link between nicotine dependence and delay of discounting are not established, altered activity in executive networks may relate to impaired delayed gratification. The goal of this study was to examine neural correlates of discounting and their relation to nicotine dependence. Thirty‐nine smokers and 33 non‐smokers completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) intertemporal choice task in which they made individualized Hard (similarly valued), easy (dissimilarly valued), and control monetary choices. FMRI data were analyzed using a group independent component analysis and dual regression. Smokers discounted more steeply than non‐smokers, although this difference was only significant among severely dependent smokers. Intertemporal choices recruited distinct left‐ and right‐lateralized fronto‐parietal networks. A group‐by‐difficulty interaction indicated that smokers, relative to non‐smokers, exhibited less difficulty‐sensitivity in the right fronto‐parietal network. In contrast, smokers showed greater functional connectivity between the left fronto‐parietal network and the left fronto‐insular cortex. Moreover, the degree of functional connectivity between the left fronto‐parietal network and left fronto‐insular cortex was significantly correlated with individual differences in discounting. Thus, greater functional coupling between the anterior insula and left fronto‐parietal network is a candidate neural substrate linking smoking and impulsivity. Given the anterior insula's role in interfacing cognitive and interoceptive processing, this altered functional connectivity may relate to an addiction‐related bias towards immediate rewards. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3774–3787, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HIF‐1α and CA‐IX as predictors of locoregional control for determining the optimal treatment modality for early‐stage laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Kwon Oh Jin , Park Jung Je , Ko Gyung Hyuck , Seo Ji Hyun , Jeong Bae‐Kwon , Kang Ki Mun , Woo Seung Hoon , Kim Jin Pyeong , Hwa Jeong Seok , Carey Thomas E. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine the predictive value of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)−1α, carbonic anhydrase (CA)‐IX, glucose transporter (GLUT)−1, cyclooxygenase (COX)−2, Ki‐67, and erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) as immunohistochemical markers for determining the optimal treatment modality for early stage laryngeal carcinoma.MethodsTissue samples from 42 early stage laryngeal carcinomas treated with radiotherapy alone were analyzed immunohistochemically for the expression of 6 markers. The Kaplan–Meier method, univariate and multivariate analyses, and the Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze the associations between patient and tumor characteristics and immunohistochemical results, and locoregional control.ResultsIncreased expression of HIF‐1α and CA‐IX was significantly correlated with residual tumor; no correlations were observed for the other immunohistochemical markers.ConclusionHigh levels of HIF‐1α or CA‐IX expression were significantly correlated with residual tumor after radiotherapy for early stage laryngeal carcinomas. Alternative treatment modalities to primary radiotherapy should be considered for early stage laryngeal carcinomas showing high HIF‐1α or CA‐IX expression. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 505–510, 2015
Anterior–posterior cerebral blood volume gradient in human subiculum
Authors: Talati Pratik , Rane Swati , Kose Samet , Gore John , Heckers Stephan 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe human hippocampal formation is characterized by anterior–posterior gradients of cell density, neurochemistry, and hemodynamics. In addition, some functions are associated with specific subfields (subiculum, CA1–4, dentate gyrus) and regions (anterior and posterior). We performed contrast‐enhanced, high‐resolution T1‐weighted 3T steady state (SS) imaging to investigate cerebral blood volume (CBV) gradients of the hippocampal formation. We studied 14 healthy subjects and found significant CBV gradients (anterior > posterior) in the subiculum but not in other hippocampal subfields. Since CBV is a marker of basal metabolism, these results indicate a greater baseline activity in the anterior compared with the posterior subiculum. This gradient might be related to the role of the subiculum as the main outflow station of the hippocampal formation and might have implications for the mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A COMPARISON OF WHITE AND HISPANIC WOMEN'S STORIES OF ADJUSTMENT TO THE BIRTH OF A CHILD
Authors: Pollard Sara E. , Nievar M. Angela , Nathans Laura L. , Riggs Shelley A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTAs part of a larger project designed to inform prevention and treatment of postpartum depression and promote positive mother–child relationships in diverse families, this study describes personal stories of postnatal adjustment from 14 White and 9 Hispanic women recruited from prenatal care clinics. Qualitative interviews conducted in the mothers’ primary language (English or Spanish) were analyzed using a modified grounded theory content‐analysis approach. The coding scheme developed to capture the women's discourse about their experiences included child temperament and health; intergenerational patterns; work demands and job loss; schedule changes; increased responsibilities; difficulties with parenting tasks; emotional distress; social stressors and resources; coping strategies; and changes in work, personal, social, and marital domains. More White mothers than Hispanic mothers reported changes in time structure, work stressors, use of psychotropic medication, informational support, and social support from other mothers and professionals; however, within‐group differences were more evident than were cross‐group ethnic differences. Analyses of qualitative interviews led to the integration of Belsky's Determinants of Parenting Model (1984) and the Double ABCX Model of Family Adjustment and Adaptation (McCubbin & Patterson, 1983) into a hybrid third theoretical framework.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Trials for Pulmonary Diseases
Authors: Antunes Mariana A. , Laffey John G. , Pelosi Paolo , Rocco Patricia R.M. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTAll adult tissues, including the lung, have some capacity to self‐repair or regenerate through the replication and differentiation of stem cells resident within these organs. While lung resident stem cells are an obvious candidate cell therapy for lung diseases, limitations exist regarding our knowledge of the biology of these cells. In contrast, there is considerable interest in the therapeutic potential of exogenous cells, particularly mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), for lung diseases. Bone marrow derived‐MSCs are the most studied cell therapy for these diseases. Preclinical studies demonstrate promising results using MSCs for diverse lung disorders, including emphysema, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, fibrosis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. This mini‐review will summarize ongoing clinical trials using MSCs in lung diseases, critically examine the data supporting their use for this purpose, and discuss the next steps in the translational pathway for MSC therapy of lung diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1023–1032, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prostaglandin F2α Inhibits Adipogenesis Via an Autocrine‐Mediated Interleukin‐11/Glycoprotein 130/STAT1‐Dependent Signaling Cascade
Authors: Annamalai Damodaran , Clipstone Neil A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTProstaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is a potent inhibitor of adipocyte differentiation in vitro, that has also recently been implicated in the regulation of the adipogenic process in vivo, by opposing adipose tissue accretion and the subsequent development of obesity and its attendant metabolic consequences. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that PGF2α inhibits adipocyte differentiation by means of a calcium‐dependent signaling pathway that is critically dependent upon the activity of the calcineurin phosphatase. In the current study, we have now extended these findings to further elucidate the mechanism by which the PGF2α/calcineurin‐pathway inhibits the adipogenic process. We now report that the IL‐11 cytokine, a member of the gp130 cytokine co‐receptor‐related family, is a downstream transcriptional target of this pathway in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes and is actively secreted in differentiating cells in response to PGF2α stimulation. Using a combined shRNA and dominant‐negative receptor mutant approach, we provide evidence that IL‐11/gp130‐signaling is required to mediate the inhibitory effects of PGF2α on adipogenesis. Moreover, by taking advantage of a well‐characterized panel of chimeric gp130 mutant receptors, we demonstrate that gp130 signaling is sufficient to inhibit adipocyte differentiation and specifically requires the activation of the STAT1 transcription factor. Conversely, we find that depleting endogenous STAT1 levels rescues adipogenesis in the presence of both IL‐11/gp130 signaling and PGF2α. Collectively, our findings support a model in which PGF2α inhibits adipocyte differentiation by means of an IL‐11 mediated autocrine negative feedback loop, that acts via gp130 to block adipogenesis through the essential actions of the STAT1 transcription factor. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1308–1321, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.