bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Surgeon Experience With Rheumatoid Arthritis Reduces the Risk of Complications Following Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Ravi Bheeshma , Croxford Ruth , Austin Peter C. , Hollands Simon , Paterson J. Michael , Bogoch Earl , Kreder Hans , Hawker Gillian A. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between surgeon experience with, and complications following, total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsUsing administrative data, we assembled a cohort of patients with RA who had undergone at least 1 elective primary hip or knee replacement procedure between 2002 and 2009. Cox proportional hazards, censored on death and accounting for clustering of patients within surgeons, were used to determine the relationship between overall and “RA‐specific” surgeon TJA volume and the occurrence of a composite “complication” outcome (revision, infection, dislocation, or periprosthetic fracture within 2 years of the initial TJA), controlling for potential confounders (patient age, sex, comorbidity, and disease severity).ResultsWe identified 4,762 patients with RA who were eligible for TJAs (1,515 total hip arthroplasties and 3,247 total knee arthroplasties). Among these patients, 152 (3.2%) experienced a surgical complication within 2 years of the procedure. After controlling for patient and hospital factors, greater surgeon TJA volume in patients with RA (RA TJA), but not overall TJA volume (all TJA), was associated with a reduced risk of complications (for surgeon RA TJA volume per 10 cases, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.71–0.93, P = 0.002; for surgeon all TJA volume, adjusted HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–1.00, P = 0.09).ConclusionIn a cohort of patients with RA who underwent hip or knee TJA, increased surgeon experience performing TJA in patients with RA, irrespective of their overall TJA experience and hospital factors, was associated with a decreased risk of surgical complications. These findings have potential implications for surgeon training and the referral practices of rheumatologists.
Transpedal access after failed anterograde recanalization of complex below‐the‐knee and femoropoliteal occlusions in critical limb ischemia
Authors: Ruzsa Zoltán , Nemes Balázs , Bánsághi Zoltán , Tóth Károly , Kuti Ferenc , Kudrnova Slavka , Berta Balázs , Hüttl Kálmán , Merkely Béla 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundSuccessful angioplasty is one of the main factor of limb salvage during critical limb ischemia. In complex femoropopliteal to infrapopliteal occlusions, an anterograde recanalization attempt can fail in up to 20% of the cases. The purpose of this dual center pilot study was to evaluate the acute success and clinical impact of retrograde transpedal access for retrograde below‐the‐knee and femoropopliteal chronic total occlusions after failed anterograde attempt and to access the late complications at the puncture site.MethodsThe clinical and angiographic data of 51 consecutive patients with CLI treated by retrograde transpedal recanalization between 2010 and 2011 were evaluated in a pilot study. We have examined the 2‐month and 1 year major adverse events (MAEs) and clinical success. In all cases after failure of the anterograde recanalization of occluded below‐the‐knee segments due to unsuccessful penetration or failed re‐entry, the anterior tibial or posterior tibial artery was punctured under fluoroscopic guidance and retrograde recanalization was performed. Direct revascularization was tried firstly following the angiographic zones, but in failed cases indirect revascularization was carried out with increasing the collateral flow to the wound.ResultsSuccessful direct retrograde revascularization was achieved successfully in 40 patients (78.4%) and indirect revascularization was done in 10 patients (19.6%). Revascularization was failed in one patient (2%). MAE at 2 and 12 months follow‐up was 6 (11.7%) and 11 (24%). Limb salvage at 2 and 12 months was 93% and 82.3%, respectively. Balloon angioplasty was performed in all interventions and provisional stenting was done in 34 patients (66.7%). One major and three minor vascular complications occurred after the procedure. The mean basal and control creatinine level was 120.9 ± 133.4 and 123.8 ± 131.3 μmol/L (P = 0.83) after the procedure.ConclusionFailed antegrade attempts to recanalize CTO‐s of femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal vessels can be salvaged using a retrograde transpedal access, with a low acute and late complication rate. This technique could be valuable for patients with critical limb ischemia due to femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal occlusions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust Heterogeneous Nickel Catalysts with Tailored Porosity for the Selective Hydrogenolysis of Aryl Ethers
Authors: Zaheer Muhammad , Hermannsdörfer Justus , Kretschmer Winfried P. , Motz Günter , Kempe Rhett 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSiC materials with tailored porosity and integrated Ni NPs (Ni@SiC) were synthesized via microphase separation of polycarbosilane‐block‐polyethylene followed by its pyrolysis. Changing the length of organic block allowed the synthesis of micro, meso and hierarchical Ni@SiC materials which were characterized by PXRD, TEM, TGA, and nitrogen physisorption. Selective hydrogenolysis of aryl ethers mimicking the most abundant linkages of lignin was achieved in water avoiding the possible hydrogenation of aromatic rings.
Diagnostic Analyses and Applications of the Moisture Helicity and the Thermal Helicity for Two Strong “Sauna” Weather Processes in Northern China
Authors: Shuai YANG , Bin CHEN , Shou‐Ting GAO 
Published: October 2013

Abstract“Sauna” weathers generally occur in high‐temperature environments during summertime. However, it is difficult to diagnose sultry “sauna” weather only based on the single temperature parameter because of its large humidity. Previous studies show that the relatively stable subtropic‐high circulation dominates the middle troposphere and weak sinking motion maintains during “sauna” weather events. Due to its special hot and humid environment and circulation conditions, it is of particular importance to find a simple and convenient parameter to characterize high‐temperature and high‐humidity “sauna” weather. Based on previous research, the IM (Ingredients‐based methodology) method, which is developed for rainfall studies in the past, is extended to the study of “sauna” weather in this paper. Several physical variables such as high temperature, large relative humidity, and sinking motion, which are used as single factors to describe “sauna” weather in the past studies, are combined into IM theory to diagnose “sauna” weather. In terms of the IM method, thermal helicity (TH), moisture helicity (MH), and the moist thermal helicity (MTH), are introduced to dynamically identify “sauna” weather. Two “sauna” weather events in North China are selected to calculate above several parameters. One is from 30 July to 4 August 2002. Another is from 7 to 9 July 2009. And the generalized moist potential vorticity (GMPV) is used to make a comparison with them. It is found that the MH anomalies accompany the “sauna” weather processes, concentrate in the lower troposphere around Beijing and its peripheral areas in North China. However, the coverage of TH anomalies is larger than our target region of the “sauna” weather events. Even for the MTH and GMPV including both temperature and humidity effects, it is also worse to use their anomalies areas to dynamically identify “sauna” weather than using MH's anomalies. It implies that humidity is a determining factor during the sultry “sauna” weather process in North China in general high‐temperature summertime. The MH, which integrates both the atmospheric circulation characteristics and humidity effect, is a possible optimization factor to dynamically identify “sauna” weather in North China. And it has great value of practical application to analysis of “sauna” weather.
Theory and Numerical Modeling of Under‐Dense Heating With Powerful X‐Mode Pump Waves
Authors: Shu‐Ji HAO , Ju‐Tao YANG , Hai‐Qin CHE , Qing‐Liang LI , Zhen‐Sen WU 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBased on the mechanisms of both electron cooling and heating in the ionosphere, a theoretical simulation model of under‐dense heating by X‐mode waves is constructed. And this model is verified by simulating the known experimental results. Using this model, we analyze the influences of heating parameters and the ambient ionosphere on the heating effects. The results show that in the under‐dense heating ionosphere by powerful X‐mode wave, the heating effects are enhanced when the effective radiated power (ERP) increases, and weakened as the heating frequency increases. The lower the electron temperature and the smaller the density, the stronger the heating effects are. Finally, some applications of under‐dense heating by X‐mode waves are analyzed.
The Diurnal Variation of Geo‐Electric Field Along the Longitude and Latitude Chains in China Mainland
Authors: Teng‐Fa CUI , Xue‐Bin DU , Qing YE , Jun‐Ying CHEN , Jian‐Jun WANG , Zhang‐Hui AN , Ying‐Ying FAN , Jun LIU 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper studied the time and frequency characteristics of the geo‐electric field diurnal variation along two longitude chains and two latitude chains in China mainland, using the data of geo‐electric field observed at 37 stations along the chains. The following significant results are obtained. The diurnal variation at most stations appears as semi‐diurnal waves twice a day, near before and after the noon; in descending order of the FFT amplitude spectrums, the main periods of the diurnal variation are 12.4 h/12 h, 8 h, 24 h, etc., which are in accordance with the periods of the tidal harmonic components; the diurnal variation changes with latitude as the wave crest‐to‐trough amplitude gradually becomes bigger/smaller with reduced/increased latitude of the station, and also varies with longitude as the phase difference agrees with the local‐time difference between the stations along the same latitude. Furthermore, the amplitude of the diurnal variation is related with the Loyd season, which reduces orderly in J‐, E‐ and D‐seasons. The possible reasons which cause the main periodic components of the diurnal variation have been discussed, as a result, it is believed that the variation of the ground eddy current intensity caused by lunisolar tidal forces and the space electromagnetic activity aroused by the solar wind jointly produce the semi‐diurnal period components of the geo‐electric diurnal variation.
An Optimal Model of the Equivalent Source for Reduction‐to‐Plane of Potential Field Data on Uneven Surface and the New Method to Deduce Its Unit Potential Field Expression
Authors: Yu‐Lin AN , Yu‐Pu CHAI , Ming‐Hua ZHANG , Jin‐Ming HUANG , Ji‐Hua QIAO 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOn the basis of paper of Hanson and Miyazaki, this work defines the optimal model of the equivalent source for reduction‐to‐plane of potential field data on uneven surface, and uses this model to develop a program which can carry out the reduction‐to‐plane of potential field data of a large area at high precision and high speed. In the process of deducing the unit potential field expression of the optimal model, we propose a model transposition method based on the mapping relationship between models and their potential field expressions. A quite brief expression of the unit potential field can be deduced easily by using the model transposition method. We consider that this model transposition method may have some catholicity in deducing potential expressions, and suggest readers who work with potential field theory and method research pay attention to it, so as to consult and use this method to solve similar problems in practice, and develop and perfect this approach.
Well Log Anomalies Caused by Gas Hydrate Dissociation in the Shenhu Area, Northern South China Sea
Authors: Xiu‐Juan WANG , Shi‐Guo WU , Ji‐Liang WANG , Sheng‐Xiong YANG , Zhen‐Zhen WANG 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe drilling GMGS‐1 reveals that gas hydrates are present above a stable zone with a thickness of 10 m at site SH3 in the Shenhu area, northern South China Sea. At this place, the gas hydrate saturation estimated from observed pore‐water chloride values is up to 26% in the pore space. Higher resistivity, lower P‐wave velocity and slightly increasing density characterize the gas hydrate‐bearing sediments. To analyze this low P‐wave velocity, the simplified three‐phase Biot‐type equation (STPBE) is used to calculate the water‐saturated P‐wave velocity. The results show that at the depth of 195 m, the P‐wave velocity from wireline logging is lower than that of the water‐saturated velocity of the normal sediments. The Archie's parameters used to calculate gas hydrate saturation from resistivity were defined from the cross plot between density porosity and formation factor. Gas hydrate saturation estimated from resistivity using the Archie equation with a=1.1 and m=2.3 is about 5%∼20% of the pore space, with a maximum value 26.8%, which shows that the distribution of gas hydrates is inhomogeneous in vertical direction. The dissociation of gas hydrates (the mixture of free gas and water) may be caused by drilling. Either the in‐situ free gas or gas released from gas hydrate dissociation can cause the low well‐log P‐wave velocity. Due to surface seismic data were acquired before drilling, synthetic seismograms generated using different P‐wave velocities are compared with the real seismic data, which can be used to identify the cause of the low P‐wave velocity observed in the well log.
Involvement and targeted intervention of dysregulated Hedgehog signaling in osteosarcoma
Authors: Lo Winnie W. , Wunder Jay S. , Dickson Brendan C. , Campbell Veronica , McGovern Karen , Alman Benjamin A. , Andrulis Irene L. 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUNDDuring development, the Hedgehog pathway plays important roles regulating the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes, providing a template for growing bone. In this study, the authors investigated the components of dysregulated Hedgehog signaling as potential therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma.METHODSSmall‐molecule agonists and antagonists that modulate the Hedgehog pathway at different levels were used to investigate the mechanisms of dysregulation and the efficacy of Hedgehog blockade in osteosarcoma cell lines. The inhibitory effect of a small‐molecule Smoothened (SMO) antagonist, IPI‐926 (saridegib), also was examined in patient‐derived xenograft models.RESULTSAn inverse correlation was identified in osteosarcoma cell lines between endogenous glioma‐associated oncogene 2 (GLI2) levels and Hedgehog pathway induction levels. Cells with high levels of GLI2 were sensitive to GLI inhibition, but not SMO inhibition, suggesting that GLI2 overexpression may be a mechanism of ligand‐independent activation. In contrast, cells that expressed high levels of the Hedgehog ligand gene Indian hedgehog (IHH) and the target genes patched 1 (PTCH1) and GLI1 were sensitive to modulation of both SMO and GLI, suggesting ligand‐dependent activation. In 2 xenograft models, active autocrine and paracrine, ligand‐dependent Hedgehog signaling was identified. IPI‐926 inhibited the Hedgehog signaling interactions between the tumor and the stroma and demonstrated antitumor efficacy in 1 of 2 ligand‐dependent models.CONCLUSIONSThe current results indicate that both ligand‐dependent and ligand‐independent Hedgehog dysregulation may be involved in osteosarcoma. It is the first report to demonstrate Hedgehog signaling crosstalk between the tumor and the stroma in osteosarcoma. The inhibitory effect of IPI‐926 warrants additional research and raises the possibility of using Hedgehog pathway inhibitors as targeted therapeutics to improve treatment for osteosarcoma. Cancer 2014;120:537–547. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Point of Care Testing in Cardiac Surgery: Diagnostic Modalities to Assess Coagulation and Platelet Function
Authors: Stafford Marshall , Weitzel Nathaen 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Preclinical Research

Point of Care testing in the perioperative arena is a high priority topic, specifically in cardiac surgery where a majority of perioperative blood transfusions occur. Platelet function in particular is of interest in cardiac surgery as cardiopulmonary bypass itself creates known platelet dysfunction, but also because more and more patients are on antiplatelet agents due to coronary stenting procedures. This review will focus on presenting current data relating to platelet function in the perioperative setting, along with a brief review of general coagulation concepts.
Potential Contribution of Pleiotropic Effects of Direct Anticoagulants to Clinical Benefits
Authors: Schneider David J. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Clinical Development Phases I‐III Regulatory, Quality, Manufacturing

Two recent large clinical trials that enrolled exclusively or predominantly patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction and tested direct acting anticoagulants (bivalirudin, rivaroxaban) demonstrated a reduction in mortality. While the anticoagulant properties of these agents likely contributed to the beneficial effects, this Commentary will focus on the nonanticoagulant effects and will consider the premise that pleiotropic effects may have contributed to the observed benefit. In these trials, hearts experienced ischemia/reperfusion and the myocardium was directly exposed to activated coagulation factors. Activation of proteinase‐activated receptors (PARs) by thrombin and factor Xa would be predicted to increase inflammation and promote ventricular dilatation and fibrosis. Because direct acting anticoagulants effectively inhibit both free and clot‐bound coagulation factors, the extent of exposure to activated coagulation factors would be expected to be reduced. The anticipated preservation of left ventricular function should contribute to a reduction in the subsequent risk of death.
Novel Therapeutics for Thromboprophylaxis in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Gazi Emine , Temiz Ahmet , Barutcu Ahmet , Colkesen Yucel 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Clinical Development Phases I‐III Regulatory, Quality, Manufacturing

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is both a health and a social problem. AF is related to the elevated risk of thromboembolic events with stroke being the most important. It adversely affects life expectancy and quality. The risk of ischemic stroke is increased fivefold in patients with AF. Therapeutic options for lowering the risk of stroke in patients with AF consist of vitamin K antagonists and antiplatelet agents, which have relative risk reductions of approximately 60% and 20%, respectively. Alternative therapeutic options available to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with nonvalvular AF are relatively new. In recent years, new oral anticoagulants have been introduced for this indication. Reversible direct thrombin inhibitors and factor Xa inhibitors are new oral anticoagulant agents that have demonstrated efficacy and good safety profiles for preventing stroke and embolic events. The intent of this overview is to review the novel oral anticoagulants recommended for stroke prevention in patients with AF.
Early adversity, RSA, and inhibitory control: Evidence of children's neurobiological sensitivity to social context
Authors: Skowron Elizabeth A. , Cipriano‐Essel Elizabeth , Gatzke‐Kopp Lisa M. , Teti Douglas M. , Ammerman Robert T. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study examined parasympathetic physiology as a moderator of the effects of early adversity (i.e., child abuse and neglect) on children's inhibitory control. Children's respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was assessed during a resting baseline, two joint challenge tasks with mother, and an individual frustration task. RSA assessed during each of the joint parent–child challenge tasks moderated the effects of child maltreatment (CM) status on children's independently‐assessed inhibitory control. No moderation effect was found for RSA assessed at baseline or in the child‐alone challenge task. Among CM‐exposed children, lower RSA levels during the joint task predicted the lowest inhibitory control, whereas higher joint task RSA was linked to higher inhibitory control scores that were indistinguishable from those of non‐CM children. Results are discussed with regard to the importance of considering context specificity (i.e., individual and caregiver contexts) in how biomarkers inform our understanding of individual differences in vulnerability among at‐risk children. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 964–978, 2014.
Synergistic Recognition of Halide Anions and Saccharides by Oligohydrazide Foldamers
Authors: Bie Fusheng , Wang Ying , Shang Jie , Gallagher Nolan M. , Jiang Hua 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe synthesized and characterized a new kind of hydrazide oligomer that contains two different types of binding moieties for halide anions and saccharides. The addition of either halide anions or saccharides can induce the oligomers to adopt folded conformations. More interestingly, the oligomers are able to complex both chloride anions and saccharides in the cavity at the same time, implying a synergistic molecular recognition.
Metal leaching, acidity, and altitude confine benthic macroinvertebrate community composition in Andean streams
Authors: Loayza-Muro Raúl A. , Duivenvoorden Joost F. , Kraak Michiel H.S. , Admiraal Wim 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Andean streams drain metal-rich bedrock and are subjected to an extreme altitude gradient, which may create highly selective conditions for life. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the combined effects of metals and altitude on benthic macroinvertebrate community composition in Andean streams. Metal-rich sites were characterized by high metal concentrations and low pH, and high-altitude sites were characterized by high ultraviolet-B radiation and low concentrations of dissolved organic matter. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the patterns in faunal composition were best explained by metals followed by altitude, with dipterans and collembolans occurring mostly under harsh conditions of high altitude and high metal levels. Interaction between metals and altitude was most evident at metal-rich sites. It is suggested that in Andean streams, metal leaching from igneous rock and altitude may be important factors confining benthic macroinvertebrate communities, reducing their numbers and changing their composition toward specialized taxa. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:404–411. © 2013 SETAC
Storage compliance in coupled CO2‐EOR and storage
Authors: Ettehad Amin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCO2 storage compliance refers to the safe and consistent storage of a captured anthropogenic CO2 slug in an underground geological structure. This paper investigates the storage compliance in coupled CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and storage projects. Storage compliance requires an oilfield operator to maintain sufficient CO2 injection and storage capacities throughout an industrial‐scale CO2 capture and EOR‐storage operation. We investigate the uncertainty in two operational parameters that may raise a compliance consideration: annual captured CO2 from the power plant and CO2 injection loss in the oilfield. The objective is to maintain sufficient CO2 injection and storage capacities and maximize the economic benefits from the EOR‐storage operation. We formulate and optimize the storage compliance problem using the method of optimization with Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that appropriate adjustment of the water‐alternating‐gas (WAG) ratio increases both the compliance and the economic benefits. Also, a CO2 storage back‐up in a saline aquifer allows the oilfield operator to implement more profitable EOR‐storage designs. A risk‐seeking operator may practice the saline aquifer back‐up option to simultaneously maximize the benefits and mitigate the risk of storage capacity shortage. Finally, EOR‐storage operation is less efficient than aquifer storage in terms of storage efficiency, and considerably more profitable in terms of tangible economic benefits.