bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive MS: from pathophysiology to drug discovery
Authors: Salvetti Marco , Landsman Douglas , Schwarz-Lam Peter , Comi Giancarlo , Thompson Alan J , Fox Robert J 
Published: September 2015

Progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) will be a major area of research interest for years to come. No treatments exist and success in the field will generalise to other neurological conditions where neurodegeneration coexists with neuroinflammation. The issue is complex, and interdisciplinary approaches – uniting scientists with different competences (neurobiology, immunogenetics, etc.) and ‘mindsets’ (academia and industry) – will be decisive. The International Progressive MS Alliance is catalysing this process through various initiatives, the most recent of which was a meeting where scientists from academia (also outside the MS field) and from industry reviewed data and strategies to determine the next steps towards the translation of current knowledge into effective therapies. Key findings are: (i). Concerted efforts are essential to prioritise pathogenetic mechanisms according to impact on the disease and druggability. (ii). Combination therapies will probably be needed, possibly early in the disease, along with new trial designs and treatment schedules. (iii). Drug screenings are a pragmatic approach hopefully enriched by the use of neural and oligodendrocyte progenitors differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (iv). The field of network biology will increase our ability to predict therapeutic targets. (v). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) must try to identify variants associated with disease progression.
Higher intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with a decreased risk of a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination: Results from the Ausimmune Study
Authors: Hoare Samuel , Lithander Fiona , van der Mei Ingrid , Ponsonby Anne-Louise , Lucas Robyn ,   for the Ausimmune Investigator Group, Chapman Caron , Coulthard Alan , Dear Keith , Dwyer Terry , Kilpatrick Trevor , Lucas Robyn M , McMichael Tony , Pender Michael P , Ponsonby Anne-Louise , Taylor Bruce , Valery Patricia C , van der Mei Ingrid , Williams David 
Published: September 2015

Background: There is contradictory evidence for a role of dietary fat in risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: To examine the association between usual fat intake (total, saturated, monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA), omega-3 and omega-6) and risk of a first clinical diagnosis of CNS demyelination (FCD). Methods: Multi-centre incident case-control study in four regions of Australia during 2003–2006. Cases were aged 18–59 years and had a FCD; controls were matched to a case on age, sex and location. Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Results: In 267 cases and 517 controls with dietary data, higher intake (per g/day) of omega-3 PUFA (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=0.61 (95% CI 0.40–0.93)), and particularly that derived from fish (AOR=0.54 (95% CI 0.31–0.93)) rather than from plants (AOR=0.75 (95% CI 0.39–1.43)) was associated with a decreased risk of FCD. Total fat intake and intake of other types of fat were not associated with FCD risk. Conclusions: There was a significant decrease in FCD risk with higher intake of omega-3 PUFA, particularly that originating from fish. There was no evidence to indicate that the intake of other types of dietary fat or fat quantity in the previous 12 months was associated with an altered risk of FCD.
Optical coherence tomography indicates disease activity prior to clinical onset of central nervous system demyelination
Authors: Knier Benjamin , Berthele Achim , Buck Dorothea , Schmidt Paul , Zimmer Claus , Mühlau Mark , Hemmer Bernhard , Korn Thomas 
Published: September 2015

Background: Establishing biomarkers for predicting disease activity in demyelinating disease of the central nervous system is crucial for designing appropriate disease modifiying treatment strategies. Objective: To investigate retinal findings and disease activity in patients with radiologically isolated and clinically isolated syndromes. Methods: We performed retinal optical coherence tomography and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging in healthy control individuals ( n=19), in individuals with non-specific white matter lesions ( n=18), and in patients with clinically isolated syndromes ( n=18) and radiologically isolated syndromes ( n=20). Results: Reduced volume of retinal nerve fibre layer and increased volume of inner nuclear layer at baseline correlated with subsequent disease activity as measured by an increase in cerebral T2 lesion load in patients with radiologically isolated syndromes. Reduced volume of retinal nerve fibre layer and increased volumes of inner and outer nuclear layer were associated with progression into multiple sclerosis in patients with clinically isolated syndromes. Conclusion: Patients with radiologically and clinically isolated syndromes behave similarly concerning paraclinical disease activity in cerebral magnetic resonance imaging. In both conditions, reduction of retinal nerve fibre layer and increased inner nuclear layer and outer nuclear layer volumes predict disease activity and are associated with progression into multiple sclerosis.
Prospective Player-Reported Injuries in Female Youth Fast-Pitch Softball Players
Authors: Smith Matthew V. , Davis Randi , Brophy Robert H. , Prather Heidi , Garbutt Jane , Wright Rick W. 
Published: September 2015

Background: There is a scarcity of literature evaluating injuries in youth fast-pitch softball players. Purpose: To perform a descriptive analysis of player-reported injuries in youth fast-pitch softball position players and pitchers during a single select-level season. Study Design: Prospective observation cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Ninety-eight athletes (48 pitchers, 50 position players) were followed for a single select fast-pitch softball season. Study participants completed web-based surveys every 3 weeks reporting injuries related to participation in fast-pitch softball. Injury was defined as pain causing cessation of participation in the current game or practice that prevents the player’s return to that session or any pain that causes cessation of a player’s customary participation on the day after the day of onset. Results: The median age of the study participants was 14 years (range, 9-18 years). There were 49 reported injuries in 98 athletes. The average age was 13 years for those not injured and 14 years for those who were injured ( P < 0.02). There were 31 injuries that were not related to pitching: 19 occurred in position players and 12 occurred in pitchers; 70% of these injuries were to the lower extremity. The proportion of injuries not related to pitching was significantly greater than the proportion of injuries related to pitching ( P < 0.02). Eighteen injuries among the 48 pitchers (38%) were directly attributed to pitching. Among the 18 pitching injuries, 11 (61%) involved the shoulder. The majority (78%) of injuries related to pitching occurred in the first 6 weeks of the season. Conclusion: There was a high incidence of injury in this prospective cohort of youth select-level fast-pitch softball players. Better off-season and preseason conditioning may be a key factor for reducing pitching injuries. Clinical Relevance: Recognition of injury patterns in fast-pitch softball players is critical to developing strategies to keep these athletes competing safely.
Overexpression and knockout of miR-126 both promote leukemogenesis
Authors: Li Zejuan , Chen Ping , Su Rui , Li Yuanyuan , Hu Chao , Wang Yungui , Arnovitz Stephen , He Miao , Gurbuxani Sandeep , Zuo Zhixiang , Elkahloun Abdel G. , Li Shenglai , Weng Hengyou , Huang Hao , Neilly Mary Beth , Wang Shusheng , Olson Eric N. , Larson Richard A. , Le Beau Michelle M. , Zhang Jiwang , Jiang Xi , Wei Minjie , Jin Jie , Liu Paul P. , Chen Jianjun 
Published: September 2015

Key PointsBoth overexpression and knockout of miR-126 result in enhanced leukemogenesis. Overexpression and knockout of miR-126 activate distinct gene signaling and are associated with different biological consequences.
Research roundup: September 2015
Authors: Greener Mark 
Published: September 2015

In brief▪ Poor adherence to cardioprotective medicines by patients who survived acute myocardial infarctions is common and might increase mortality ▪ Text messages improve adherence, according to a new review ▪ One in eight 12-year-olds in England have tried e-cigarettes, although smoking rates continue to decline ▪ Regular use of anticholinergic medications seems to increase the risk of injurious falls among older men
Perforated Jejunal Diverticulum - an Unusual Presentation
Authors: Koirala Kamal , Khakurel Mahesh , Barai Reeta 
Published: September 2015

Jejunal diverticula are rare and usually asymptomatic. Acute complications may include haemorrhage, diverticulitis, obstruction, abscess formation and perforation. Here we report a case of 61 years lady who presented with generalized abdominal pain, vomiting and fever. There were features of acute peritonitis on examination. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a perforated jejunal diverticulum. Resection of the jejunal segment containing the perforated diverticulum and primary anastomosis was done. Histopathological examination revealed jejunal diverticulum with pinhole perforation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v1i1.13016 Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):43-45
Nursing Posting for Medical Students
Authors: Shah Jay N , Shrestha Ashis 
Published: September 2015

Nursing perspective is different from doctors. It is a known fact that doctors and nurses must work together for the better patient care. It is very important for doctors to know how nursing services are provided. Moreover a good communication and team work is an essence of present medical service. So, this attitude should be embedded in the medical education to decrease professional distance and increase mutual respect in future. PAHS has provided this opportunity as a nursing posting with a vision of holistic teaching of medical students and shaping a positive attitude towards all health care providers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v1i1.13022 Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):61-63
Effects of range‐wide variation in climate and isolation on floral traits and reproductive output of Clarkia pulchella
Authors: Bontrager Megan , Angert Amy L. 
Published: September 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Plant mating systems and geographic range limits are conceptually linked by shared underlying drivers, including landscape‐level heterogeneity in climate and in species' abundance. Studies of how geography and climate interact to affect plant traits that influence mating system and population dynamics can lend insight to ecological and evolutionary processes shaping ranges. Here, we examined how spatiotemporal variation in climate affects reproductive output of a mixed‐mating annual, Clarkia pulchella. We also tested the effects of population isolation and climate on mating‐system‐related floral traits across the range.METHODS:We measured reproductive output and floral traits on herbarium specimens collected across the range of C. pulchella. We extracted climate data associated with specimens and derived a population isolation metric from a species distribution model. We then examined how predictors of reproductive output and floral traits vary among populations of increasing distance from the range center. Finally, we tested whether reproductive output and floral traits vary with increasing distance from the center of the range.KEY RESULTS:Reproductive output decreased as summer precipitation decreased, and low precipitation may contribute to limiting the southern and western range edges of C. pulchella. High spring and summer temperatures are correlated with low herkogamy, but these climatic factors show contrasting spatial patterns in different quadrants of the range.CONCLUSIONS:Limiting factors differ among different parts of the range. Due to the partial decoupling of geography and environment, examining relationships between climate, reproductive output, and mating‐system‐related floral traits reveals spatial patterns that might be missed when focusing solely on geographic position.
Patterns of carbon storage in relation to shade tolerance in southern South American species
Authors: Piper Frida I. 
Published: September 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Carbon (C) allocation to storage in woody tissues at the expense of growth is thought to promote shade tolerance, yet few studies on the subject examined C storage during maximum growth and considered stand influences. I asked how C storage in different plant tissues relates to shade tolerance in temperate forests with contrasting climates and physiognomies, and whether relationships vary during the growing season.METHODS:In the late spring and late summer, I harvested seedlings of eight species with contrasting light requirements from the understory of a cold rainforest and a Mediterranean forest in Chile. Nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations and pools (i.e., biomass x NSC concentration) were determined in leaves, aboveground wood, and roots. The effects of shade tolerance and sampling date on the NSCs were analyzed for each forest and tissue with linear mixed‐effects models.KEY RESULTS:In both forests, concentrations of NSC and soluble sugars in woody tissues, as well as fractions of NSC in these tissues, were lower in shade tolerant than in shade intolerant species. For root NSC concentrations, these trends depended on the sampling date: in the late spring the concentrations were similar in shade tolerant and intolerant species, while in the late summer they were lower in shade tolerant species.CONCLUSIONS:Shade tolerance is not linked to C storage in the two studied forests, suggesting that allocation to growth or defenses could be more advantageous for low light persistence. Alternatively, high levels of C storage could be also selected in shade intolerant species to face herbivory or drought.
Orthostatic Reactivity in Patients with Ischemic Stroke in the Chronic Period
Authors: Vasileva Danche , Lubenova Daniela , Mihova Marija , Grigorova-Petrova Kristin , Dimitrova Antoaneta 
Published: September 2015

[This article has been corrected. Â See http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2015.094 and http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2015.095]Â AIM: This study aims to trace the influence of specialized kinesitherapeutic methodology (SKTM) on orthostatic reactivity in patients with ischemic stroke in the chronic period (ISChP).MATERIAL AND METHODS: An active orthostatic test is used for the evaluation of the orthostatic reactions. The arterial blood pressure and heart rate were defined in the 10 minutes of supine position, before and after 1, 5 and 10 minutes of active upright position. The orthostatic autoregulation is evaluated four times - at the beginning of the study, on the 10th day, on the 1st month and three months after the start of the KT. The classification by Thulesius was used to separate the patients into two groups depending on the type of their orthostatic reactivity.RESULTS: At the beginning of the study of infringements symptomatic type orthostatic reactivity (SOR) was observed in 24 patients and hypertensive type orthostatic reactivity (HOR) was observed in the remaining 32 patients. Once applied SKTM establish improvement of orthostatic autoregulation for the groups SOR and HOR at the 10th day and the 1st month with a level of significance p <0.05.CONCLUSION: The applied specialized kinesitherapeutic methodology continued later as an adapted exercise program at home, has significantly improved the orthostatic reactivity in patients with orthostatic dysregulation due to the ISChP.
L’exception mathématique
Authors: Rabouin David 
Published: September 2015

L’Archéologie du savoir déploie dans son introduction un programme très général d’analyse des discours placé sous le double héritage de la « nouvelle histoire » et de l’épistémologie historique de tradition française. Pourtant dans le dernier chapitre, nous apprenons que l’approche archéologique ne peut pas atteindre les « sciences ». Tout au plus s’intéresse-t-elle aux différents « seuils » à travers lesquels les sciences émergent éventuellement du « savoir » – avec une exception toutefois : « Il n’y a sans doute qu’une science pour laquelle on ne puisse distinguer ces différents seuils ni décrire entre eux un pareil ensemble de décalages : les mathématiques ». Dans cet article, je voudrais étudier ce statut d’exception des mathématiques comme symptôme d’un pas que Foucault n’a pas voulu franchir. La chose est d’autant plus troublante que la communauté des historiens des mathématiques offrit une oreille attentive à L’Archéologie du savoir . Je rappellerai les conditions de cette réception et ses prolongements dans les recherches actuelles. J’indiquerai ensuite la pertinence du programme d’une archéologie des mathématiques aujourd’hui.
La France et le Brésil de l’Oyapock, quels enjeux bilatéraux entre développement et durabilité ?
Authors: Junior Raimundo Nonato 
Published: September 2015

L’article propose une étude comparative dans la frontière franco-brésilienne de l’Oyapock entre la Guyane, département français d’Outre-mer, et l’état fédéré brésilien de l’Amapá. En particulier, l’étude porte sur l’analyse des concepts de « développement » et « durabilité » par les habitants de la frontière de l’Oyapock. L’économie de cette frontière ultrapériphérique est fortement dépendante des États. L’expansion attendue du commerce à l’échelle locale représente une opportunité pour le rapprochement entre le Brésil et l’Europe. Dans ce contexte, les concepts de « développement » et « durabilité » sont importants à différentes échelles. Par conséquent, on propose une comparaison de ces concepts parmi les acteurs locaux et nationaux de la région frontalière de l’Oyapock.
Pauvreté et inégalités en Inde rurale
Authors: Aubron Claire , Lehoux Hugo , Lucas Corentin 
Published: September 2015

Dans deux cantons de l’État du Gujarat, cet article s’intéresse aux systèmes agraires et à leurs relations avec la pauvreté rurale, composante essentielle du « grand écart spatial de l’Inde ». À partir d’un travail de terrain approfondi, il confirme l’extrême pauvreté qui sévit dans les campagnes indiennes, dans un État qui affiche pourtant un taux de croissance élevé. Il montre comment cette pauvreté s’explique par une inégale répartition de la terre, de l’eau, mais aussi de la valeur ajoutée, qui s’enracine dans des relations sociales de dépendance dont l’essence a été peu modifiée au cours des dernières décennies. Les activités non agricoles, pour importantes qu’elles soient, ne modifient pas ces inégalités. À la lumière de ce travail, les politiques de développement agricole visant la résorption des inégalités en zone rurale apparaissent plus que jamais nécessaires.
Daily life and party ideals on late Soviet-Era radio and television : programming for children, teens, and youth in Buryatia
Authors: Chakars Melissa 
Published: September 2015

Cet article analyse la programmation à la radio et à la télévision pour les enfants, les adolescents et les jeunes dans la République socialiste soviétique autonome de Bouriatie au cours des dernières décennies de l’Union Soviétique. Il fait valoir que quatre thèmes apparaissent comme les plus répandus : la valeur de l’amélioration de l’esprit et du corps à travers des activités éducatives et sportives ; l’importance d’être des membres utiles à la société ; l’encouragement à la loyauté, au patriotisme et a l’appartenance ; et l’enseignement du vrai du faux. L’article affirme que les autorités ont conçu ces thèmes pour créer des citoyens réfléchis, utiles, et diligents qui soutenaient les objectifs de l’Etat et comprenaient et appréciaient leur rôle individuel dans la société, ainsi que la position de la Bouriatie dans l’Union Soviétique.
Le « parti nationaliste irlandais » au xixe siècle : « facteur d’éloignement » et instrument de conquête
Authors: Collombier-Lakeman Pauline 
Published: September 2015

Cet article reprend un des arguments développés par
Paul Brennan dans sa thèse d’Etat, selon lequel le nationalisme
parlementaire irlandais fut un « facteur d’éloignement », pour
poursuivre la réflexion sur les orientations politiques suivies par
l’élite parlementaire irlandaise. Il apparaît que celle-ci présenta
l’idée de la séparation d’avec la Grande-Bretagne sous une forme plus
ambiguë que ne laissait entendre P. Brennan et l’histoire du parti
parlementaire irlandais peut aussi être interprétée comme le résultat
de stratégies visant la conquête des électeurs et du pouvoir politique
en Irlande, de façon à peser davantage à Westminster.
Créer une police nouvelle pour un « État libre » : aux origines de la Garda Síochána (1922-1925)
Authors: Meynard Éric 
Published: September 2015

Au moment de la création de l’État Libre d’Irlande,
suite au traité de Londres de décembre 1921, il apparaissait évident
qu’une police nouvelle, comme les autres institutions publiques,
s’engagerait résolument dans une nouvelle voie. Mais l’établissement
d’une police nouvelle, comme la création d’un nouvel ordre politique,
étaient loin d’être une sinécure dans cette période instable. La
légitimité de l’État était mise au défi et son existence même
contestée, au point de conduire à la guerre civile. Dans ces
conditions bien particulières, les traits profonds de la Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) allaient modeler
bien des aspects des Civic Guards : une
institution hyper-centralisée, encline à l’ingérence politique,
caractérisée par un manque de gouvernance démocratique et de
transparence.
Reclaiming the Irish Church
Authors: Dooley Mark 
Published: September 2015

The Irish Catholic Church is still coming to terms with its dark past. In a series of probing and controversial articles for the Irish Daily Mail, former lecturer in Philosophy at NUI Maynooth Dr Mark Dooley uncovered a culture of clerical disobedience at the heart of the seminary system in Ireland. Those articles became the basis of his book Why Be a Catholic? (London, Continuum, 2011). 'Reclaiming the Irish Church' sheds further light on the seminary system and the Irish Episcopacy, arguing that both need radical restructuring if the Church is to reclaim its moral standing. Only when the seminaries are fit for purpose, and when the Episcopacy is radically reformed, will the Irish Church overcome its past and offer fresh hope for the future.
La notion de neutralité de l’État (séparation Église/État) dans le discours politique irlandais en matière d’éducation : entre confusion sémantique et stratégie d’évitement, années 1970-2000
Authors: Fischer Karin 
Published: September 2015

L’article se penche sur les évolutions et
permanences dans l’emploi et la définition implicite en contexte de la
notion de neutralité de l’État vis-à-vis des Églises sur la période
1970-2011 en République d’Irlande (avec une attention particulière au
domaine de l’éducation). Une analyse diachronique et synchronique des
discours politiques irlandais autour de cette question aide à mieux
comprendre le caractère persistant de « l’illusion de neutralité »
mise en évidence par Bill Kissane notamment. À partir d’une conception
idiosyncratique et problématique de la neutralité de l’État en matière
de religion largement partagée jusqu’aux années 1970, on reconnaît par
la suite des réponses politiques diverses, mais correspondant le plus
souvent à des stratégies d’évitement ou de contournement de la
question du sens et de l’application de cette notion de neutralité
d’un point de vue institutionnel en Irlande. En marge de ce courant
toujours dominant, des voix, plus nombreuses mais encore rares, se
font entendre en faveur d’une séparation complète de l’Église et de
l’État et de l’élimination concomitante de toute forme de
discrimination religieuse en République d’Irlande.