bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobility of total petroleum hydrocarbons in Shambat soil in Sudan
Authors: M. Ali Nuhad , A.M. Saad Sarra , A. Elamin Elamin 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– A laboratory experiment was conducted in the soil laboratory in the Department of Environment and Environmental Pollution, Environment and Natural Resources Research Institute, National Centre for Research. The purpose of this paper is to study the movement of crude oil through soil column.

Design/methodology/approach
– Polyvinyl chloride columns were filled with Shambat soil, amended with three concentrations of light crude oil (0.16, 0.32, and 1.28 ppm), obtained from Petrodar Oil Company. Soil samples were taken from 5 and 10 cm depths after two, 14 and 28 days from crude oil addition. At each sampling date, the recovery of petroleum hydrocarbons measured.

Findings
– The results obtained indicated that high by significant differences among the different concentrations, different depths and different sampling durations. Moreover, the downward mobility of petroleum hydrocarbons decreased with increasing crude oil concentration.

Originality/value
– Results of the experiment revealed the importance of studying the fate and mobility of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in soils in order to facilitate a proper reclamation practice specially in oil polluted sites.
Demographic shifts: how an increasing “active Third Age” could come to shape the future of our cities
Authors: Parkinson James 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– This paper is adapted from a Royal Institute of British Architects Building Futures project and is intended to stimulate discussion around the impact that the ageing population could have on the way cities of the near future are designed (and lived in); specifically the positive contribution that an active, older generation could make to both society and the economy in the UK. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Following a public debate and a series of roundtable discussions with experts across a wide range of disciplines from architecture and urban design to gerontology, in both academia and practice, the project team developed a series of potential future scenarios; speculations that draw out the potential positive contribution that an active Third Age could make, both socially and economically.

Findings
– The author has made a series of practical recommendations for architecture and design professions related to the speculative scenarios presented that they believe would begin to harness the potential of an active Third Age whilst mitigating some of the likely challenges. It is imperative that ageing becomes part of the mainstream debate on city design and planning.

Research limitations/implications
– Whilst the scenarios presented respond directly to trends – key drivers of change – identified and evidenced, they remain speculations to stimulate debate and are not themselves grounded in rigour.

Practical implications
– The practice of architecture, urban design and planning must better recognise the implications of an ageing population and look for ways of harnessing the opportunities that this presents, whilst addressing the clear challenges. Urban policy must also better reflect a shifting demographic landscape and adapt appropriately to encourage the necessary innovation in this area if they are to make a successful transition to an older population in the coming decades.

Social implications
– The author hopes that this work begins to reposition ageing – and particularly active ageing – as a positive opportunity for both society and the national economy, shifting the debate from one currently focused on challenges and the potential public sector burden.

Originality/value
– There is little in the way of progressive thought as to how architecture, planning and urban policy can better accommodate an older population and ensure that cities embrace the whole population for the duration of their lifetime, whatever that may be.
Familial perceptions of the impact of outcome-focused homecare with older people experiencing dementia and living alone
Authors: Gethin-Jones Stephen 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether the use of outcome-focused homecare improves the subjective well-being of the familial carers of older people with dementia. It also discusses familial carers’ perception of whether this intervention has improved the well-being of their relative.

Design/methodology/approach
– This qualitative study followed the familial carers of 20 service users suffering from dementia over a six-month period. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken at three intervals during the six months. The carers were asked to assess their subjective well-being at the start, middle and end of the study.

Findings
– The key findings were that all 20 familial carers expressed an improvement in their subjective well-being and that of their older family member, who appeared more settled as a result of this model of care.

Practical implications
– The need to consider the use of outcome-focused care as an intervention strategy for older people living alone in the community. The need to provide supportive environments for the carers of older people with dementia to limit their sense of isolation. The prioritising of outcome-focused care in the most complex and chaotic cases.

Originality/value
– This study provides an insight into the effectiveness of outcome-focused homecare with older people experiencing dementia as perceived by their familial carers. Previously, research has established that outcome-focused care increased the subjective well-being of non-dementia sufferers. This study dovetails neatly with this in demonstrating the same effect on dementia sufferers as perceived by their familial carers. Additionally, this study also demonstrated that this model of outcome-focused care also improved the subjective well-being of the familial carers themselves. These finding will help practitioners consider the use of this model of homecare as a potential alternative or a delaying strategy to residential care.
Biotechnological strategies to improve production of microbial poly‐(3‐hydroxybutyrate): a review of recent research work
Authors: Peña C. , Castillo T. , García A. , Millán M. , Segura D. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryPoly‐(3‐hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] is a polyester synthesized as a carbon and energy reserve material by a wide number of bacteria. This polymer is characterized by its thermo‐plastic properties similar to plastics derived from petrochemical industry, such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Furthermore, P(3HB) is an inert, biocompatible and biodegradable material which has been proposed for several uses in medical and biomedical areas. Currently, only few bacterial species such as Cupriavidus necator, Azohydromonas lata and recombinant Escherichia coli have been successfully used for P(3HB) production at industrial level. Nevertheless, in recent years, several fermentation strategies using other microbial models such as Azotobacter vinelandii, A. chroococcum, as well as some methane‐utilizing species, have been developed in order to improve the P(3HB) production and also its mean molecular weight.
The Anti‐Inflammatory Impact of Omega‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids During the Establishment of Endometriosis‐Like Lesions
Authors: Attaman Jill A. , Stanic Aleksandar K. , Kim Minji , Lynch Maureen P. , Rueda Bo R. , Styer Aaron K. 
Published: June 2014

ProblemThe anti‐inflammatory impact of three polyunsaturated fatty acids (3‐PUFA) in endometriosis is incompletely understood. The effect of 3‐PUFA on endometriosis‐like lesions is evaluated as a potential anti‐inflammatory treatment target.Method of StudyWild Type (WT) and transgenic Fat‐1 mice (high levels of endogenous 3‐PUFA) were utilized in a uterine tissue transplant endometriosis model. Experimental donor × host pairs included: WT × WT (WW), WT × Fat‐1 (WF), and Fat‐1 × Fat‐1 (FF). Cytokine content (IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12, IL‐17A, IFN‐γ, TNF‐γ, MCP‐1 and RANTES) and immunocellular composition in lesions was determined.ResultsIntralesion IL‐6 in WF hosts was 99‐fold lower than WW hosts (P = 0.03). Compared to WW host lesions, Cox‐2 levels were decreased in WF [1.5‐fold (P = 0.02)] and FF [1.2‐fold (P = 0.01)] host lesions, respectively, and intralesion VEGF expression was increased [1.8‐fold; P = 0.02 (WF) and 1.5‐fold; P = 0.01 (FF)]. Lesions in FF hosts demonstrated reduced phosphohistone 3 expression (70%; P = 0.03) compared to WW control hosts.ConclusionsSystemic host 3‐PUFA levels influence immune, angiogenic, and proliferative factors implicated in the early establishment of endometriosis.
Comprehensive Endometrial Immunoglobulin Subclass Analysis in Infertile Women Suffering from Repeated Implantation Failure with or without Chronic Endometritis
Authors: Kitaya Kotaro , Tada Yoshihiro , Hayashi Terumi , Taguchi Sagiri , Funabiki Miyako , Nakamura Yoshitaka 
Published: June 2014

ProblemChronic endometritis (CE) is a local inflammatory condition with unusual plasmacyte infiltration in the endometrial stromal area. CE is frequently found in infertile women with repeated implantation failure (RIF). In this study, we comprehensively investigated the endometrial immunoglobulin (Ig) subclass expression in infertile women suffering from RIF with versus without CE.Method of studyEndometrial biopsy specimens obtained from 28 infertile women with RIF and CE (the RIF‐CE group), 23 infertile women with RIF but without CE (the RIF‐non‐CE group), and 22 proven fertile women undergoing hysterectomy for benign endometrial pathology (the control group) were immunostained for Ig subclass expression.ResultsThe density of IgM+, IgA1+, IgA2+, IgG1+, and IgG2+ stromal cells were significantly higher in the RIF‐CE group than that in the RIF‐non‐CE and control group. The density of IgG2+ stromal cells was significantly higher than that of any other Ig subclass‐positive cells (P < 0.045) in the RIF‐CE group. In serial section staining, the immunoreactivity for CD138 and Ig subclasses in the endometrial stroma was detectable in adjacent cells of some specimens in the RIF‐CE group.ConclusionsThe endometrium of infertile women with RIF‐CE was characterized by increase in IgM, IgA, and IgG expression and predominance of IgG2 over other Ig subclasses.
Methods report on the development of the 2013 revision and update of the EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria
Authors: Zuberbier T. , Aberer W. , Asero R. , Bindslev‐Jensen C. , Brzoza Z. , Canonica G. W. , Church M. K. , Ensina L. F. , Giménez‐Arnau A. , Godse K. , Gonçalo M. , Grattan C. , Hebert J. , Hide M. , Kaplan A. , Kapp A. , Abdul Latiff A. H. , Mathelier‐Fusade P. , Metz M. , Saini S. S. , Sánchez‐Borges M. , Schmid‐Grendelmeier P. , Simons F. E. R. , Staubach P. , Sussman G. , Toubi E. , Vena G. A. , Wedi B. , Zhu X. J. , Nast A. , Maurer M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis methods report describes the process of guideline development in detail. It is the result of a systematic literature review using the ‘Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation’ (GRADE) methodology and a structured consensus conference held on 28 and 29 November 2012, in Berlin. It is a joint initiative of the Dermatology Section of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the EU‐funded network of excellence, the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), and the World Allergy Organization (WAO) with the participation of delegates of 21 national and international societies. This guideline covers the definition and classification of urticaria, taking into account the recent progress in identifying its causes, eliciting factors and pathomechanisms. In addition, it outlines evidence‐based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the different subtypes of urticaria. This guideline was acknowledged and accepted by the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) and is published in Allergy 2014; 69:868–887.
Atopic dermatitis, STAT3‐ and DOCK8‐hyper‐IgE syndromes differ in IgE‐based sensitization pattern
Authors: Boos A. C. , Hagl B. , Schlesinger A. , Halm B. E. , Ballenberger N. , Pinarci M. , Heinz V. , Kreilinger D. , Spielberger B. D. , Schimke‐Marques L. F. , Sawalle‐Belohradsky J. , Belohradsky B. H. , Przybilla B. , Schaub B. , Wollenberg A. , Renner E. D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundIncreased serum IgE levels are characteristic but not specific for allergic diseases. Particularly, severe atopic dermatitis (AD) overlaps with hyper‐IgE syndromes (HIES) regarding eczema, eosinophilia, and increased serum IgE levels. HIES are primary immunodeficiencies due to monogenetic defects such as in the genes DOCK8 and STAT3. As it is not known to date why allergic manifestations are not present in all HIES entities, we assessed the specificity of serum IgE of AD and HIES patients in the context of clinical and immunological findings.MethodsClinical data, skin prick tests, specific IgE to aero‐ and food allergens, and T helper (Th) subpopulations were compared in AD and molecularly defined HIES patients.ResultsTotal serum IgE levels were similarly increased in STAT3‐HIES, DOCK8‐HIES, and AD patients. The ratio of aeroallergen‐specific IgE to total IgE was highest in AD, whereas DOCK8‐HIES patients showed the highest specific serum IgE against food allergens. Overall, clinical allergy and skin prick test results complied with the specific IgE results. Th2‐cell numbers were significantly increased in DOCK8‐HIES and AD patients compared to STAT3‐HIES patients and controls. AD patients showed significantly higher nTreg‐cell counts compared to STAT3‐HIES and control individuals. High Th17‐cell counts were associated with asthma. Specific IgE values, skin prick test, and T‐cell subsets of STAT3‐HIES patients were comparable with those of healthy individuals except decreased Th17‐cell counts.ConclusionHyper‐IgE syndromes and atopic dermatitis patients showed different sensitization pattern of serum IgE corresponding to the allergic disease manifestations and Th‐cell subset data, suggesting a key role of DOCK8 in the development of food allergy.
130‐ versus 135‐degree sliding hip screws and failure in pertrochanteric hip fractures
Authors: Radic Ross , Yates Piers J. , Lim Tao Shan , Burrows Sally 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe fixed‐angle sliding hip screw has become a popular method of fixation for pertrochanteric hip fractures. The tip‐to‐apex distance (TAD) concept was introduced by Baumgaertner et al. in 1995 and has subsequently become a decisive predictor of the successfulness of fixation. The 135‐degree plate has become the most popular plate used for fracture fixation, although this has not been compared with lower angled plates (130 degree) in relation to TAD.MethodWe analysed 567 consecutive cases of dynamic hip screw (DePuy‐Synthes) fixation to compare TAD in various angled plates and rate of failure.ResultsThe 130‐degree plate has significantly lower mean TAD 19.3 mm versus 20.8 mm (P = 0.016). There were nine failures because of superior screw cut‐out in the 135‐degree plates and 0 failures in the 130‐degree plates.ConclusionWe believe the improved trajectory for lag screw placement using 130‐degree angled plates leads to a lower TAD and improved fixation in pertrochanteric fractures.
Efficacy of the neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist aprepitant in children with cyclical vomiting syndrome
Authors: Cristofori F. , Thapar N. , Saliakellis E. , Kumaraguru N. , Elawad M. , Kiparissi F. , Köglmeier J. , Andrews P. , Lindley K. J. , Borrelli O. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryBackgroundAprepitant (Emend, Merck Sharp & Dohme Ltd, Haarlem, the Netherlands), a neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist, prevents vomiting in a range of conditions. No data are available on its use in children with cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS).AimWe investigated the efficacy of aprepitant as prophylactic treatment or acute intervention inCVSchildren refractory to conventional therapies.MethodsForty‐one children (median age: 8 years) fulfillingNASPGHANcriteria treated acutely (RegA) or prophylactically (RegP) with aprepitant were retrospectively reviewed. Primary outcome was the clinical response (decrease in frequency and intensity ofCVSepisodes). Secondary outcomes were: number ofCVSepisodes/year, number of hospital admissions/year,CVSepisode duration, number of vomits/h, symptom‐free interval length (days), and school attendance percentage. The follow‐up period was 18–60 months.ResultsSixteen children received RegP and 25 RegA. One child on RegP stopped treatment due to severe migraine. At 12‐months on intention‐to‐treat analysis, 13 children on RegP (81%) achieved either complete (3/16, 19%) or partial (10/16, 62%) clinical response. On RegA, 19 children (76%) had either complete (3/25, 12%) or partial (16/25, 64%) response (P = 0.8 vs. RegP). In both RegP and RegA, there was a significant decrease inCVSepisodes/year, hospital admission number/year,CVSepisode length, number of vomits/h, as well as an increase in symptom‐free interval duration and school attendance percentage. Side effects were reported only in RegP (5/16, 31%) including hiccough (3/16, 19%), asthenia/fatigue (2/16, 12.5%), increased appetite (2/16, 12.5%), mild headache (1/16, 6%) and severe migraine (1/16, 6%).ConclusionAprepitant appears effective for both acute and prophylactic management of paediatric cyclical vomiting syndrome refractory to conventional therapies.
The prediction of study‐emergent suicidal ideation in bipolar disorder: a pilot study using ecological momentary assessment data
Authors: Thompson Wesley K , Gershon Anda , O'Hara Ruth , Bernert Rebecca A , Depp Colin A 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesBipolar disorder is associated with idiosyncratic precursors of clinically important states such as suicidal ideation. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) – high frequency data collection in a subject's usual environment – provides the potential for development of temporal, individualized prediction of risk states. The present study tested the ability of EMA data to predict individual symptom change in clinician‐rated suicidal ideation.MethodsThirty‐five adults diagnosed with inter‐episode bipolar disorder completed daily measures of affect in their home environments using diaries administered over an eight‐week assessment timeline. Suicidal ideation was assessed monthly at in‐person visits using the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Clinician Rated. We used a novel application of functional linear models (FLMs) to generate prospective predictions of suicidal ideation at in‐person clinician assessments based on intensively sampled trajectories of daily affect.ResultsEight instances of suicidal ideation scores > 0 were recorded during the study period on six participants. Utilizing trajectories of negative and positive affect, cross‐validated predictions attained 88% sensitivity with 95% specificity for elevated suicidal ideation one week prior to in‐person clinician assessment. This model strongly outperformed prediction models using cross‐sectional data obtained at study visits alone.ConclusionsUtilizing EMA data with FLM prediction models substantially increases the accuracy of prediction of study‐emergent suicidal ideation. Prediction algorithms employing intensively sampled longitudinal EMA data could sensitively detect the warning signs of suicidal ideation to facilitate improved suicide risk assessment and the timely delivery of preventative interventions.
Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Selectively Affects Nicotinic Receptor Expression in Primary and Associative Visual Cortices of the Fetal Baboon
Authors: Duncan Jhodie R. , Garland Marianne , Stark Raymond I. , Myers Michael M. , Fifer William P. , Mokler David J. , Kinney Hannah C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractExposure to nicotine during pregnancy via maternal cigarette smoking is associated with visual deficits in children. This is possibly due to the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the occipital cortex, which are important in the development of visual mapping. Using a baboon model, we explored the effects of prenatal nicotine on parameters in the primary and associated visual cortices. Pregnant baboons were infused with nicotine (0.5 mg/h, intravenous) or saline from 86 days gestation. At 161 days gestation, fetal brains were collected (n = 5 per group) and the occipital lobe assessed fornAChRsand markers of the serotonergic and catecholaminergic systems using tissue autoradiography and/or high‐performance liquid chromatography. NeuronalnAChRsand serotonergic markers were expressed in a region‐ and subunit‐dependent manner. Prenatal nicotine exposure was associated with increased binding for3H‐epibatidine sensitivenAChRsin the primary visual cortex [Brodmann areas (BA) 17] andBA18, but notBA19, of the associative visual cortex (P < 0.05). Markers of the serotonergic or catecholaminergic systems were not significantly altered. Thus, prenatal nicotine exposure is associated with alterations in the cholinergic system in the occipital lobe, which may aid in the explanation of the appearance of visual deficits in children from mothers who smoke during pregnancy.
Dentist‐specific effects on the longevity of dental restorations
Authors: Dobloug Andreas , Grytten Jostein 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have been carried out on the longevity of restorations. The focus in these studies has been to explain differences in longevity according to characteristics of the patient and type of restoration. No attempts have been made to estimate dentist‐specific effects, that is, how much of the variation in longevity can be explained by dentist variation compared with patient variation. If dentist‐specific variation is large, this may indicate a need to reassess the way dentists are taught restorative dentistry, or it may indicate a need for further education of qualified dentists.ObjectivesTo estimate dentist‐specific variation in the longevity of restorations in the first permanent molars for children aged 6–18 years in Norway.MethodsThe data set encompassed all children born in 1993 who received one or more restorations in their first permanent molars. This encompassed 72 573 restorations for 64 728 children who were treated by 2473 public dental officers. The data were analysed using two multilevel models – mixed‐effects logistic regression and mixed‐effects linear regression.ResultsThe dentist‐specific variation was low. The intraclass correlation coefficient varied from 0.03 to 0.09 in different specifications.ConclusionsPublic dental officers in Norway show a high degree of homogeneity with regard to longevity of restorations. Further improvements in the longevity of restorations can most likely be achieved by preventing secondary caries and by improving the physical properties of materials.