bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical appraisal of the accuracy of Acuros-XB and Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm compared to measurement and calculations with the compass system in the delivery of RapidArc clinical plans
Authors: Kathirvel Murugesan , Subramanian Shanmuga , Clivio Alessandro , Arun Gandhi , Fogliata Antonella , Nicolini Giorgia , Subramani Vellaiyan , Thirumalai Swamy Shanmugam , Vanetti Eugenio , Cozzi Luca 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
The accuracy of the two dose calculation engines available for RapidArc planning (both released for clinical use) is investigated in comparison to the COMPASS data.

Methods
Two dose calculation algorithms (Acuros-XB and Anisotropic Analytic Algorithm (AAA)) were used to calculate RA plans and compared to calculations with the Collapsed Cone Convolution algorithm (CC) from the COMPASS system (IBA Dosimetry). CC calculations, performed on patient data, are based on experimental fluence measurements with a 2D array of ion chambers mounted on the linac head. The study was conducted on clinical cases treated with RA. Five cases for each of the following groups were included: Brain, Head and Neck, Thorax, Pelvis and stereotactic body radiation therapy for hypo-fractionated treatments with small fields. COMPASS measurements were performed with the iMatrixx-2D array. RapidArc plans were optimized for delivery using 6MV photons from a Clinac-iX (Varian, Palo Alto, USA).
Accuracy of the RA calculation was appraised by means of: 1) comparison of Dose Volume histograms (DVH) metrics; 2) analysis of differential dose distributions and determination of mean dose differences per organ; 3) 3D gamma analysis with distance-to-agreement and dose difference thresholds set to 3%/3 mm or 2%/2 mm for targets, organs at risks and for the volumes encompassed by the 50 and 10% isodoses.

Results
For almost all parameters, the better agreement was between Acuros-XB and COMPASS independently from the anatomical site and fractionation. The same result was obtained from the mean dose difference per organ with Acuros-CC average differences below 0.5% while for AAA-CC data, average deviations exceeded 0.5% and in the case of the pelvis 1%. Relevance of observed differences determined with the 3D gamma analysis resulted in a pass rate exceeding 99.5% for Acuros-CC and exceeding 97.5% for AAA-CC.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that i) a good agreement exists between COMPASS-CC calculations based on measured fluences with respect to dose distributions obtained with both Acuros-XB and AAA algorithms; ii) 3D dose distributions reconstructed from actual delivery coincide very precisely with the planned data; iii) a slight preference in favor of Acuros-XB was observed suggesting the preference for this algorithm in clinical applications.
Efficacy of platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy in T2aN0 stage IB non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Park Seong Yong , Lee Jin Gu , Kim Jieun , Byun Go Eun , Bae Mi Kyung , Lee Chang Young , Kim Dae Joon , Chung Kyung Young 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Although overall survival for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has increased, survival rate for pathologically staged T2aN0M0 stage IB NSCLC remains low. Adjuvant chemotherapy is not a standard treatment for stage IB NSCLC. Our purpose was to determine the efficacy of platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy in stage IB NSCLC.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 119 stage IB patients who underwent lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection. Among these, 60 patients underwent platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy (adjuvant group) and 59 did not receive chemotherapy (observation group).

Results
Participants had a mean age of 62.12 ± 11.51 years and 73 (61.3%) were male. The median follow-up period was 49.04 months. Mean age was higher in the observation group whereas patients in the adjuvant group had larger tumors, more dissected lymph nodes, and better performance status. The 5-year overall survival was 64.7% in the observation group and 88.2% in the adjuvant group (p = 0.010). The 5-year disease-free survival was 51.3% in the observation group and 74.0% in the adjuvant group (p = 0.011). In multivariate analysis, only platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy was a risk factor for overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.428, p = 0.049] and disease-free survival (HR = 0.57, p = 0.043). In subset analysis, patients with a larger tumor (greater than 3.2 cm), moderate to poor differentiation, and good performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, 0) benefitted from platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusions
Platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy for surgically treated stage IB NSCLC might offer better survival than observation alone. A large-scale randomized clinical trial is needed to validate these findings.
The presence of microcystins in fish Cyprinus carpio tissues: a histopathological study
Authors: Mitsoura Amalia , Kagalou Ifigenia , Papaioannou Nikolaos , Berillis Panagiotis , Mente Eleni , Papadimitriou Theodoti 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The occurrence of heavy cyanobacterial blooms has become a worldwide problem, as a consequence of eutrophication of the aquatic ecosystems; furthermore, 60% to 75% of these blooms have been found to be toxic. Microcystins (MCYSTs), the predominant toxins of cyanobacterial blooms, are associated with mortality and illness in both animals and humans. Laboratory-controlled experiments studying the effects of different microcystins on the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) have revealed various histopathological alterations. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of chronic or subchronic exposure of fish to microcystins under natural environmental conditions by examining the possible histopathological changes associated with a dense cyanobacterial bloom and determining the microcystin contents of fish tissues. Common carps (C. carpio) were caught from Lake Karla (Greece), during a dense cyanobacterial bloom. The concentration of MCYSTs in the fish liver, kidney and muscle tissues was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pseudogaster contents were analysed, and a histopathological examination was performed using light and electron microscopy. Severe alterations were detected in the liver and the kidney, suggesting that the toxic effects were caused by various pollutants that were particularly associated with microcystins. The histopathological findings are also discussed, taking into consideration the health conditions of the common carp as a commercial fish species. The mechanisms of expansion of the microcystins and the poisoning of aquatic organisms (e.g. fish) are not yet known in the Lake Karla ecosystem. Future research may focus on identifying the changes caused by microcystins and other factors that exert similar effects on fish tissues, as well as on establishing the overall combined effect of all these factors on fish health.
Infants’ hedonic responsiveness to food odours: a longitudinal study during and after weaning (8, 12 and 22 months)
Authors: Wagner Sandra , Issanchou Sylvie , Chabanet Claire , Marlier Luc , Schaal Benoist , Monnery-Patris Sandrine 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Olfaction is a highly salient sensory modality in early human life. Neonates show keen olfactory sensitivity and hedonic responsiveness. However, little is known about hedonic olfactory responsiveness between the neonatal period and 2 years of age. In an attempt to fill this gap, this longitudinal follow-up study aimed at investigating hedonic responses to food odours in infants during the first 2 years of life. The second objective was to evaluate whether gender has an influence on hedonic responses during this early period. Four control stimuli and eight odours (four rated by adults as a priori pleasant and four a priori unpleasant) were presented in bottles to 235 infants at 8, 12 and 22 months of age. The infant’s exploratory behaviour towards odorized and control bottles was measured in terms of mouthing defined as direct contact with perioral and/or perinasal areas. For each odorized bottle, duration proportions of mouthing were calculated relative to the control bottles.

Results
For the three ages, shorter duration of mouthing was found for unpleasantly scented bottles compared to pleasantly scented bottles. This contrast between pleasant and unpleasant odours was similar for girls and boys. Correlations of responses between ages were modest in number and level, and concerned mostly unpleasant odours.

Conclusion
During the first two years of life, infants discriminate the hedonic valence of odours. They avoid most of the food odours considered as unpleasant by adults, but their attraction towards food-odours judged pleasant by adults does not appear to be fully shaped at this early age. Taken as a whole, the present results highlight both the plasticity of hedonic responses to food odours, and relatively stable avoidance behaviours towards some unpleasant odours.
Effect of Age on Breast Cancer Outcomes in Women With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Breast Cancer: Results From a Herceptin Adjuvant Trial
Authors: Partridge Ann H. , Gelber Shari , Piccart-Gebhart Martine J. , Focant Florine , Scullion Matthew , Holmes Eileen , Winer Eric P. , Gelber Richard D. 
Published: June 2013

Purpose Previous research has suggested that young age at diagnosis is an independent risk factor for breast cancer recurrence and death. No prior studies have adequately controlled for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status or anti-HER2 treatment. We sought to evaluate whether age was a prognostic or predictive factor in the HERA trial. Patients and Methods We used 2-year median follow-up data and dichotomized age at 40 years to evaluate its prognostic effect on outcomes for women assigned to trastuzumab for 1 year or observation. Results Of the 1,703 women randomly assigned to 1 year of trastuzumab and 1,698 to observation, 722 (21%) were age ≤ 40 years at study entry. In separate Cox models, controlling for relevant prognostic and predictive factors, disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) hazard ratios (HRs) were consistent for women age ≤ 40 versus > 40 years, regardless of treatment assignment (observation group: DFS HR age ≤ 40 v > 40 years, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.54; OS HR age ≤ 40 v > 40 years, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.69; trastuzumab group: DFS HR age ≤ 40 v > 40 years, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.51; OS HR age ≤ 40 v > 40 years, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.66 to 2.09). Interaction between age group and treatment effect was not statistically significant (DFS P = .89; OS P = .55). Conclusion In a retrospective analysis of a large randomized controlled trial of women with early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer, age was not strongly associated with risk of early recurrence or prediction of benefit from trastuzumab therapy. Future research should investigate whether age is a predictor of later recurrence and evaluate the impact of age within groups with other tumor subtypes.
Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients With Hematologic Malignancies: Prospective Multicenter Data From France and Belgium—A Groupe de Recherche Respiratoire en Réanimation Onco-Hématologique Study
Authors: Azoulay Elie , Mokart Djamel , Pène Frédéric , Lambert Jérôme , Kouatchet Achille , Mayaux Julien , Vincent François , Nyunga Martine , Bruneel Fabrice , Laisne Louise-Marie , Rabbat Antoine , Lebert Christine , Perez Pierre , Chaize Marine , Renault Anne , Meert Anne-Pascale , Benoit Dominique , Hamidfar Rebecca , Jourdain Mercé , Darmon Michael , Schlemmer Benoit , Chevret Sylvie , Lemiale Virginie 
Published: June 2013

Purpose Patients with hematologic malignancies are increasingly admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) when life-threatening events occur. We sought to report outcomes and prognostic factors in these patients. Patients and Methods Ours was a prospective, multicenter cohort study of critically ill patients with hematologic malignancies. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and disease status were collected after 3 to 6 months. Results Of the 1,011 patients, 38.2% had newly diagnosed malignancies, 23.1% were in remission, and 24.9% had received hematopoietic stem-cell transplantations (HSCT, including 145 allogeneic). ICU admission was mostly required for acute respiratory failure (62.5%) and/or shock (42.3%). On day1, 733 patients (72.5%) received life-supporting interventions. Hospital, day-90, and 1-year survival rates were 60.7%, 52.5%, and 43.3%, respectively. By multivariate analysis, cancer remission and time to ICU admission less than 24 hours were associated with better hospital survival. Poor performance status, Charlson comorbidity index, allogeneic HSCT, organ dysfunction score, cardiac arrest, acute respiratory failure, malignant organ infiltration, and invasive aspergillosis were associated with higher hospital mortality. Mechanical ventilation (47.9% of patients), vasoactive drugs (51.2%), and dialysis (25.9%) were associated with mortality rates of 60.5%, 57.5%, and 59.2%, respectively. On day 90, 80% of survivors had no HRQOL alterations (physical and mental health similar to that of the overall cancer population). After 6 months, 80% of survivors had no change in treatment intensity compared with similar patients not admitted to the ICU, and 80% were in remission. Conclusion Critically ill patients with hematologic malignancies have good survival, disease control, and post-ICU HRQOL. Earlier ICU admission is associated with better survival.
Adult Pituitary Cell Maintenance: Lineage-Specific Contribution of Self-Duplication
Authors: Langlais David , Couture Catherine , Kmita Marie , Drouin Jacques 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The identification of a stable pool of progenitor/stem cells in the adult pituitary has renewed the interest of identifying mechanisms for maintenance of pituitary cells throughout life. Whereas developmental studies have shown that progenitor expansion is the major source of new differentiated cells during pituitary organogenesis, the contribution of these progenitors for maintenance of the adult tissue is not clear although progenitors were clearly involved in cell expansion following end-organ ablation, notably after adrenalectomy and/or gonadectomy. We have used a genetic trick that eliminates dividing cells by apoptosis in order to assess the contribution of differentiated corticotropes and melanotropes for maintenance of their population in the adult pituitary. The system relies on chromosome instability created by the action of the Cre recombinase on inverted loxP sites. Expression of Cre recombinase in corticotropes and melanotropes led to progressive loss of corticotropes whereas melanotropes were unaffected. Because the Cre transgene is not expressed in progenitors, the data indicate that maintenance of the adult corticotrope pool is primarily due to self-duplication of differentiated cells. In contrast, melanotropes do not divide. Maintenance of corticotropes by self-duplication contrasts with the reported proliferative response of undifferentiated cells observed after adrenalectomy. If corticotrope reentry into cell cycle constitutes a normal mechanism to maintain the adult corticotrope pool, this same mechanism may also be perturbed during corticotrope adenoma development in Cushing's disease.
Genome editing of human pluripotent stem cells to generate human cellular disease models
Authors: Musunuru Kiran 
Published: June 2013

Summary
Disease modeling with human pluripotent stem cells has come into the public spotlight with the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2012 to Drs John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent. This discovery has opened the door for the generation of pluripotent stem cells from individuals with disease and the differentiation of these cells into somatic cell types for the study of disease pathophysiology. The emergence of genome-editing technology over the past few years has made it feasible to generate and investigate human cellular disease models with even greater speed and efficiency. Here, recent technological advances in genome editing, and its utility in human biology and disease studies, are reviewed.
Cycles in Leavitt path algebras by means of idempotents
Authors: Aranda Pino Gonzalo , Brox Jose , Siles Molina Mercedes 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
We characterize, in terms of its idempotents, the Leavitt path algebras of an arbitrary graph that satisfies Condition (L) or Condition (NE). In the latter case, we also provide the structure of such algebras. Dual graph techniques are considered and demonstrated to be useful in the approach of the study of Leavitt path algebras of arbitrary graphs. A refining of the so-called Reduction Theorem is achieved and is used to prove that I(Pc
(E)), the ideal of the vertices which are base of cycles without exits of the graph E, a construction with a clear parallelism to the socle, is a ring isomorphism invariant for arbitrary Leavitt path algebras. We also determine its structure in any case.
Comparison of the penetration and passage of Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans through membranes loaded with tetracycline, amoxicillin, and chlorhexidine: an in vitro study
Authors: Yaghobee Siamak , Samadi Nasrin , Khorsand Afshin , Ghahroudi Amir Ali Rasouli , Kadkhodazadeh Mahdi 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background: This study aimed at comparing the colonization and passage of Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) through polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and acellular dermal matrix (ADM) membranes loaded with tetracycline, amoxicillin, and chlorhexidine.

Methods: In this in vitro study, PTFE and ADM membranes were loaded with tetracycline, amoxicillin, and chlorhexidine. The colonization and crossing of S. mutans and Aa through these membranes were evaluated using vials containing culture medium. Three-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s honestly significant difference test were used for the statistical analyses (p<0.05).

Results: The membranes loaded with antimicrobial agents significantly decreased bacterial passage compared with the control membranes (not loaded with antimicrobial agents). Significant differences were also detected between membranes in their inhibitory properties (p=0.011). PTFE membrane had higher barrier effect than ADM. Tetracycline had greater antibacterial activity against both species compared with amoxicillin (p=0.021) but had no significant difference with chlorhexidine in this respect (p=0.068). The antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine was in between those of tetracycline and amoxicillin, but the difference between amoxicillin and chlorhexidine in this respect was not statistically significant (p=0.992). Aa had better penetration into the membranes compared with S. mutans.

Conclusions: The study results demonstrated that the penetration of S. mutans and Aa decreased into the membranes loaded with tetracycline, amoxicillin, and chlorhexidine and PTFE membrane had a greater barrier effect than ADM. Loading membranes with antimicrobial agents can effectively reduce membrane-associated infections during regenerative procedures.
Coordination chemistry and applications of metal phenolates containing an oxazoline group
Authors: Taghvaee Mahroo , Gossage Robert A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This review details the coordination chemistry aspects, applications, and catalytic relevance of materials containing a phenol unit appended to an oxazoline ring. The latter functionality can be chiral or achiral in nature. The binding motifs and catalytic potency of these materials in carbon-carbon bond forming processes and related reactions are compared and contrasted.
Properties of Concrete With Crumb Rubber Replacing Fine Aggregates (Sand)
Authors: Siringi Gideon M. , Abolmaali Ali , Aswath Pranesh B. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this paper, crumb rubber is proposed as a possible lightweight replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. The performance of concrete with crumb rubber is analyzed through comparison to conventional concrete in terms of compressive strength (ASTM C39), tensile strength (ASTM C78 and ASTM C496), failure patterns, energy absorption during loading, and workability. The results show that up to 15 % of fine aggregates can be replaced with an equal volume of crumb rubber with a slight improvement of the concrete workability. The crumb rubber improves the compressive strength by over 5 %. The splitting tensile strength decreases with an increase in the quantity of crumb rubber, and the modulus of rupture is decreased by an average of 12 %. However, increased strain at failure, good energy absorption, improved modulus of toughness, and ductility are observed in rubberized concrete. Typical concrete brittle failure is not observed in rubberized concrete.
Material Characterization Studies on Low- and High-Carbon Rice Husk Ash and Their Performance in Portland Cement Mixtures
Authors: Venkatanarayanan Harish Kizhakkumodom , Rangaraju Prasada Rao 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In this study, low- and high-carbon rice husk ash (RHA) in their as-received and ground forms were characterized by means of different methods in order to evaluate their performance in Portland cement mixtures. RHA-cement pastes and mortars, at three different RHA replacement levels of 0 %, 10 %, and 20 %, were prepared at a constant water/cement ratio of 0.485. Results from this investigation indicate that the material characteristics of low- and high-carbon RHA were significantly different in most of the tests conducted. In the as-received condition, the high-carbon RHA had a greater bulk density than low-carbon RHA, but their bulk densities were comparable after grinding. The low-carbon RHA was more effective in its pozzolanic reaction than high-carbon RHA in both ground and as-received conditions. The microstructures of both low-carbon and high-carbon RHA cement pastes were denser than those of control pastes. At a given dosage of RHA and superplasticizer, the ground and the as-received low-carbon RHA mixtures performed significantly better than the high-carbon RHA mixtures. Similarly, mixtures with low-carbon RHA showed significantly higher strength activity indices than those with high-carbon RHA at both dosage levels investigated. Grinding RHA was found to be beneficial in all the tests conducted, as the ground RHA mixtures depleted more calcium hydroxide, registered higher flow values, and possessed greater strength than unground RHA mixtures at all replacement levels. Thus, the grinding process significantly helps in utilizing both high- and low-carbon RHA in concrete.