bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NDT Reliability in the Organizational Context of Service Inspection Companies
Authors: Holstein Ralf , Bertovic Marija , Kanzler Daniel , Müller Christina 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe focus of NDT reliability research in the past was in the field of two high risk industries: (atomic) power plants and aircrafts. The responsible organizations have been well aware of the risks and founded projects to understand and optimize critical steps during production, operation and maintenance. But the use of NDT is not limited to these two fields. The risks during operation of chemical plants, trains or windmills are different from the area above but evident. The coverage by legal regulations is relatively low. Instead of this owner responsibility, product liability and financial issues are the driving forces to do inspections and to use non-destructive testing. The different targets and financial issues influence the practice of NDT-inspections. A survey of this practice and its results are shown.
Conclusions of the 5th European American Workshop on Reliability of NDE
Authors: Müller Christina , Holstein Ralf , Bertovic Marija 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe tradition of discussing the newest achievements in the consideration of NDE reliability was continued with the 5th European American Workshop on Reliability of NDE (5th EAW) in Berlin in 2013. The focus of this workshop was to determine the “delta” between the laboratory-like conditions, in which reliability assessments are usually carried out, and the everyday field conditions. Which obstacles need to be still overcome and how do we get closer with our estimations to the real field reliability? With the joint effort of international researchers and in-field practitioners the up-to-date research was presented and discussed, culminating in a half-a-day long “Open Space Technology” discussion. This paper presents the main conclusions of the workshop.
Summary of the “Open Space Technology Discussions” on Reliability of NDE
Authors: Bertovic Marija , Calmon Pierre , Carter Luke , Fischer Jay , Forsyth David , Holstein Ralf , McGrath Bernard , Müller Christina , Pavlovic Mato , Ronneteg Ulf , Rummel Ward , Schubert Frank , Selby Greg 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSince the beginnings of the European American Workshops (EAW) in 1997, the aim was to gather the experts in NDE reliability and discuss burning topics with the aim of identifying crucial problems and suggesting ways to move forward. This was usually achieved during the so-called break-out sessions, in which predetermined topics were discussed. During the 5th EAW, held in Berlin in 2013, this approach was replaced by an Open Space Technology (OST) approach. The benefit of this approach is seen in the freedom of topic choices, i. e., the topics are not predetermined but rather arise at that moment in that space and by the participants’ choice. The following topics arose: new reliability methods (Bayesian, MAPOD, …), structural health monitoring, definition of requirements of NDE by customer versus provider, what value of POD is good enough?, human factors, manual versus automated inspection, and basic concepts of reliability of NDE. The participants were encouraged to walk from one session to another and openly express their opinions. These were in the end summarized by a chosen group of moderators and presented in this paper.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Plays a Pivotal Role in Neuroinflammation by Modulating TNF-α Activation
Authors: Lee Eun-Jung , Han Jeong Eun , Woo Moon-Sook , Shin Jin A. , Park Eun-Mi , Kang Jihee Lee , Moon Pyong Gon , Baek Moon-Chang , Son Woo-Sung , Ko Young Tag , Choi Ji Woong , Kim Hee-Sun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important roles in normal brain development and synaptic plasticity, although aberrant expression of MMPs leads to brain damage, including blood–brain barrier disruption, inflammation, demyelination, and neuronal cell death. In this article, we report that MMP-8 is upregulated in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells and primary cultured microglia, and treatment of MMP-8 inhibitor (M8I) or MMP-8 short hairpin RNA suppresses proinflammatory molecules, particularly TNF-α secretion. Subsequent experiments showed that MMP-8 exhibits TNF-α–converting enzyme (TACE) activity by cleaving the prodomain of TNF-α (A74/Q75, A76/V77 residues) and, furthermore, that M8I inhibits TACE activity more efficiently than TAPI-0, a general TACE inhibitor. Biochemical analysis of the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms of M8I revealed that it inhibits MAPK phosphorylation, NF-κB/AP-1 activity, and reactive oxygen species production. Further support for the proinflammatory role of microglial MMP-8 was obtained from an in vivo animal model of neuroinflammatory disorder. MMP-8 is upregulated in septic conditions, particularly in microglia. Administration of M8I or MMP-8 short hairpin RNA significantly inhibits microglial activation and expression/secretion of TNF-α in brain tissue, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid of LPS-induced septic mice. These results demonstrate that MMP-8 critically mediates microglial activation by modulating TNF-α activity, which may explain neuroinflammation in septic mouse brain.
Guest Editors’ Introduction Individual and Organizational Reintegration after Ethical or Legal Transgressions: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Goodstein Jerry , Butterfield Kenneth D. , Pfarrer Michael D. , Wicks Andrew C. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT:In this article we set the context for this special issue focusing on individual and organizational reintegration in the aftermath of transgressions that violate ethical and legal boundaries. Following a brief introduction to the topic we provide an overview of each of the four articles selected for this special issue. We then present a number of potentially fruitful empirical, theoretical, and normative directions management and ethics scholars might pursue in order to further advance this evolving literature.
Atmospheric transport of mineral dust from the Indo‐Gangetic Plain: Temporal variability, acid processing, and iron solubility
Authors: Srinivas Bikkina , Sarin M. M. , Rengarajan R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAtmospheric transport of chemical constituents from the Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP) to the Bay of Bengal is a conspicuous seasonal feature that occurs during the late NE‐monsoon (December–March). With this perspective, aerosol composition and abundance of mineral dust have been studied during November 2009 to March 2010 from a sampling site (Kharagpur: 22.3°N, 87.3°E) in the IGP, representing the atmospheric outflow to the Bay of Bengal. The chemical composition of PM2.5 suggests the dominance of nss‐
(6.9–24.3 µg m−3); whereas the abundance of mineral dust varied from 3 to 18 µg m−3. The concentration of aerosol iron (FeTot) and its fractional solubility (Fews % = Fews/FeTot *100, where Fews is the water‐soluble fraction of FeTot) varied from 60 to 1144 ng m−3 and from 6.7 to 26.5%, respectively. A striking similarity in the temporal variability of total inorganic acidity (TIA =
+ nss‐
) and Fews (%) provides evidence for acid processing of mineral dust (alluvium) during atmospheric transport from the IGP. The contribution of TIA to water‐soluble inorganic species [(nss‐
+
)/ΣWSIS], mass ratios of Ca/Al and Fe/Al, and abundance of dust (%) and Fews (%) in the IGP‐outflow are similar to the aerosol composition over the Bay of Bengal. With the rapid increase in anthropogenic activities over south and south‐east Asia, the enhanced fractional solubility of aerosol iron (attributed to acid processing of mineral dust) has implications to further increase in the air‐sea deposition of Fe to the Ocean surface.
Assessing the temporal variability in extreme storm‐tide time series for coastal flood risk assessment
Authors: Quinn N. , Lewis M. , Wadey M. P. , Haigh I. D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe probability of extreme storm‐tide events has been extensively studied; however, the variability within the duration of such events and implications to flood risk is less well understood. This research quantifies such variability during extreme storm‐tide events (the combined elevation of the tide, surge, and their interactions) at 44 national tide gauges around the UK. Extreme storm‐tide events were sampled from water level measurements taken every 15 min between 1993 and 2012. At each site, the variability in elevation at each time step, relative to a given event peak, was quantified. The magnitude of this time series variability was influenced both by gauge location (and hence the tidal and nontidal residual characteristics) and the time relative to high water. The potential influence of this variability on coastal inundation was assessed across all UK gauge sites, followed by a detailed case study of Portsmouth. A two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Portsmouth region was used to demonstrate that given a current 1 in 200 year storm‐tide event, the predicted number of buildings inundated differed by more than 30% when contrasting simulations forced with the upper and lower bounds of the observed time series variability. The results indicate that variability in the time series of the storm‐tide event can have considerable influence upon overflow volumes, hence with implications for coastal flood risk assessments. Therefore, further evaluating and representing this uncertainty in future flood risk assessments is vital, while the envelopes of variability defined in this research provides a valuable tool for coastal flood modelers.
Dielectric Spectroscopy of Pristine and O7+ Ion Irradiated NCO‐Terminated Polybutadiene‐Based Liquid Crystalline Polyurethane
Authors: Lal Sohan , Quamara Jitendra K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe dielectric constant (ε′) and loss factor (ε′′) have been measured in NCO‐terminated polybutadiene‐based pristine and 100 MeV O7+ ion irradiated liquid crystalline polyurethane in the temperature region of 80–300 K at frequencies ranging from 1 KHz to 1 MHz. The variation in ε′with temperature in different temperature regions has been analyzed in relation to the dipole structure of the molecules. The ε′′–T plots of pristine liquid crystalline polyurethane (LCPU) reveal the presence of multiple relaxation processes associated with the crankshaft motion of but‐2‐ene groups, dipolar nature of carbonyl groups, and glass transition temperature, respectively. An additional dielectric loss peak is observed in irradiated LCPU samples associated with the Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars (MWS) polarization. There is an overall increase in ε′ in irradiated samples due to the dominance of MWS polarization arising from the large number of radiation‐induced defect sites and free radicals. The loss in γ relaxation due to chain scissions of but‐2‐ene groups and the formation of new subpolar groups providing a new dipolar relaxation process is observed in irradiated LCPU samples. The variation in ε′ with fluence shows the occurrence of a secondary radiation induced crystallization in irradiated LCPU samples. The X‐ray diffraction analysis also shows the effect of fluence on the crystalline nature of LCPU samples.
Preparation of MoS2–MoO3 Hybrid Nanomaterials for Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yin Zongyou , Zhang Xiao , Cai Yongqing , Chen Junze , Wong Jen It , Tay Yee‐Yan , Chai Jianwei , Wu Jumiati , Zeng Zhiyuan , Zheng Bing , Yang Hui Ying , Zhang Hua 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA facile strategy to prepare MoS2–MoO3 hybrid nanomaterials is developed, based on the heat‐assisted partial oxidation of lithium‐exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets in air followed by thermal‐annealing‐driven crystallization. The obtained MoS2–MoO3 hybrid nanomaterial exhibits p‐type conductivity. As a proof‐of‐concept application, an n‐type SiC/p‐type MoS2–MoO3 heterojunction is used as the active layer for light‐emitting diodes. The origins of the electroluminescence from the device are theoretically investigated. This facile synthesis and application of hybrid nanomaterials opens up avenues to develop new advanced materials for various functional applications, such as in electrics, optoelectronics, clean energy, and information storage.
Surface‐Confined Self‐Assembled Janus Tectons: A Versatile Platform towards the Noncovalent Functionalization of Graphene
Authors: Du Ping , Jaouen Maud , Bocheux Amandine , Bourgogne Cyril , Han Zheng , Bouchiat Vincent , Kreher David , Mathevet Fabrice , Fiorini‐Debuisschert Céline , Charra Fabrice , Attias André‐Jean 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA general strategy for simultaneously generating surface‐based supramolecular architectures on flat sp2‐hybridized carbon supports and independently exposing on demand off‐plane functionality with controlled lateral order is highly desirable for the noncovalent functionalization of graphene. Here, we address this issue by providing a versatile molecular platform based on a library of new 3D Janus tectons that form surface‐confined supramolecular adlayers in which it is possible to simultaneously steer the 2D self‐assembly on flat C(sp2)‐based substrates and tailor the external interface above the substrate by exposure to a wide variety of small terminal chemical groups and functional moieties. This approach is validated throughout by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the liquid–solid interface and molecular mechanics modeling studies. The successful self‐assembly on graphene, together with the possibility to transfer the graphene monolayer onto various substrates, should considerably extend the application of our functionalization strategy.
Easily Accessible Auxiliary for Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Amination of C(sp2)H and C(sp3)H Bonds at δ‐ and ε‐Positions
Authors: Wang Chao , Chen Changpeng , Zhang Jingyu , Han Jian , Wang Qian , Guo Kun , Liu Pei , Guan Mingyu , Yao Yingming , Zhao Yingsheng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAn easily synthesized and accessible N,O‐bidentate auxiliary has been developed for selective CH activation under palladium catalysis. The novel auxiliary showed its first powerful application in CH functionalization of remote positions. Both C(sp2)H and C(sp3)H bonds at δ‐ and ε‐positions were effectively activated, thus giving tetrahydroquinolines, benzomorpholines, pyrrolidines, and indolines in moderate to excellent yields by palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular CH amination.
Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Desymmetrization of Bicyclic Bislactones Bearing an All‐Carbon Stereogenic Center: Total Syntheses of (−)‐Rhazinilam and (−)‐Leucomidine B
Authors: Gualtierotti Jean‐Baptiste , Pasche Delphine , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn the presence of a catalytic amount of an imidodiphosphoric acid, enantioselective desymmetrization of bicyclic bislactones by reaction with alcohols took place smoothly to afford enantiomerically enriched monoacids having an all‐carbon stereogenic center. Concise catalytic enantioselective syntheses of both (−)‐rhazinilam and (−)‐leucomidine B were subsequently developed using (S)‐methyl 4‐ethyl‐4‐formylpimelate monoacid as a common starting material.
A Mix‐and‐Read Fluorescence Strategy for the Switch‐On Probing of Kinase Activity Based on an Aptameric‐Peptide/Graphene‐Oxide Platform
Authors: Lei Chunyang , Xu Xiahong , Zhou Jiang , Liu Xin , Nie Zhou , Qing Meng , Li Pei , Huang Yan , Yao Shouzhuo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractProtein kinase plays a vital role in regulating signal‐transduction pathways and its simple and quick detection is highly desirable because traditional kinase assays typically rely on a time‐consuming kinase‐phosphorylation process (ca. 1 h). Herein, we report a new and rapid fluorescence‐based sensing platform for probing the activity of protein kinase that is based on the super‐quenching capacity of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and specific recognition of the aptameric peptide (FITC‐IP20). On the GO/peptide platform, the fluorescence quenching of FITC‐IP20 that is adsorbed onto GO can be restored by selective binding of active protein kinase to the aptameric peptide, thereby resulting in the fast switch‐on detection of kinase activity (ca. 15 min). The feasibility of this method has been demonstrated by the sensitive measurement of the activity of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA), with a detection limit of 0.053 mU μL−1. This assay technique was also successfully applied to the detection of kinase activation in cell lysate.
Mechanistic Switching by Hydronium Ion Activity for Hydrogen Evolution and Oxidation over Polycrystalline Platinum Disk and Platinum/Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Shinagawa Tatsuya , Garcia‐Esparza Angel T. , Takanabe Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFundamental electrochemical reactions, namely the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), are re‐evaluated under various pH conditions over polycrystalline Pt disk electrodes and Pt/C electrodes to investigate the overpotential and Tafel relations. Kinetic trends are observed and can be classified into three pH regions: acidic (1–5), neutral (5–9), and alkaline (9–13). Under neutral conditions, in which H2O becomes the primary reactant, substantial overpotential, which is not affected by pH and the supporting electrolyte type, is required for electrocatalysis in both directions. This ion independence, including pH, suggests that HER/HOR performance under neutral conditions solely reflects the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of Pt in the rate determining steps, which involve electron transfer with water molecules. A global picture of the HER/HOR, resulting from mechanistic switching accompanied by change in pH, is detailed.
Electrodeposition of Zinc Nanorods from Ionic Liquid into Porous Anodic Alumina
Authors: Starykevich Maksim , Lisenkov Aleksey D. , Salak Andrei N. , Ferreira Mario G. S. , Zheludkevich Mikhail L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractElectrochemical deposition of zinc nanorods into the anodic aluminium‐oxide template from ionic‐liquid electrolyte is reported. For the first time, the electrodeposition from an ionic liquid is performed in a porous alumina template, anodically grown on the aluminium substrate without complete removal of the barrier layer. The two‐step process was applied; first, with alternating‐current pulse nucleation of zinc nanoparticles on the bottom of the pores, followed by direct‐current growth of the rods. The electrolyte consisted of 0.5 M ZnCl2 in choline chloride and ethylene glycol in a 1:2 molar ratiod. The resulting zinc nanorods are approximately 3 μm in length and 70 nm in diameter. The achieved fill factor of the pores is in the 70–80 % range.
Discovery of New Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts by Combinatorial Investigation of the Ni–La–Co–Ce Oxide Composition Space
Authors: Haber Joel A. , Guevarra Dan , Jung Suho , Jin Jian , Gregoire John M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe report a new family of earth‐abundant electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) discovered via high‐throughput screening of 1771 discrete metal oxide compositions covering the nickel–lanthanum–cobalt–cerium composition space. The catalytic performance of each of these compositions was measured under conditions applicable to distributed solar fuel generation using a three‐electrode scanning‐drop electrochemical cell. These high‐throughput measurements show enhanced activity for catalyst compositions containing 20–65 metal atom % Ce. The catalytic activity and stability of a representative highly active composition (Ni0.1La0.1Co0.3Ce0.5)Ox was verified by standard rotating‐disc electrochemistry. Catalysts of this composition showed stable operational performance at 10 mA cm−2 for 2 h and survived a 100 h endurance test in a testbed electrolyzer.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Platensimycin by Advancing Oxocarbenium‐ and Iminium‐Mediated Catalytic Methods
Authors: Eey Stanley T.‐C. , Lear Martin J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract(−)‐Platensimycin is a potent inhibitor of fatty acid synthase that holds promise in the treatment of metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes and “fatty liver”) and pathogenic infections (e.g., those caused by drug‐resistant bacteria). Herein, we describe its total synthesis through a four‐step preparation of the aromatic amine fragment and an improved stereocontrolled assembly of the ketolide fragment, (−)‐platensic acid. Key synthetic advances include 1) a modified Lieben haloform reaction to directly convert an aryl methyl ketone into its methyl ester within 30 seconds, 2) an experimentally improved dialkylation protocol to form platensic acid, 3) a sterically controlled chemo‐ and diastereoselective organocatalytic conjugate reduction of a spiro‐cyclized cyclohexadienone by using the trifluoroacetic acid salt of α‐amino di‐tert‐butyl malonate, 4) a tetrabutylammonium fluoride promoted spiro‐alkylative para dearomatization of a free phenol to assemble the cagelike ketolide core with the moderate leaving‐group ability of an early tosylate intermediate, and 5) a bismuth(III)‐catalyzed Friedel–Crafts cyclization of a free lactol, with LiClO4 as an additive to liberate a more active oxocarbenium perchlorate species and suppress the Lewis basicity of the sulfonyloxy group. The longest linear sequence is 21 steps with an overall yield of 3.8 % from commercially available eugenol.
Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Cofactor Pyridoxal 5′‐Phosphate in Ornithine 4,5‐Aminomutase
Authors: Pang Jiayun , Scrutton Nigel S. , Sutcliffe Michael J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA computational study was performed on the experimentally elusive cyclisation step in the cofactor pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP)‐dependent D‐ornithine 4,5‐aminomutase (OAM)‐catalysed reaction. Calculations using both model systems and a combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics approach suggest that regulation of the cyclic radical intermediate is achieved through the synergy of the intrinsic catalytic power of cofactor PLP and the active site of the enzyme. The captodative effect of PLP is balanced by an enzyme active site that controls the deprotonation of both the pyridine nitrogen atom (N1) and the Schiff‐base nitrogen atom (N2). Furthermore, electrostatic interactions between the terminal carboxylate and amino groups of the substrate and Arg297 and Glu81 impose substantial “strain” energy on the orientation of the cyclic intermediate to control its trajectory. In addition the “strain” energy, which appears to be sensitive to both the number of carbon atoms in the substrate/analogue and the position of the radical intermediates, may play a key role in controlling the transition of the enzyme from the closed to the open state. Our results provide new insights into several aspects of the radical mechanism in aminomutase catalysis and broaden our understanding of cofactor PLP‐dependent reactions.
Regioselective Conversion of Arenes to N‐aryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles Using CH Borylation
Authors: Srinivasan Rajavel , Coyne Anthony G. , Abell Chris 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA one‐pot protocol for the synthesis of N‐aryl 1,2,3‐triazoles from arenes by an iridium‐catalyzed CH borylation/copper catalyzed azidation/click sequence is described. 1 mol % of Cu(OTf)2 was found to efficiently catalyze both the azidation and the click reaction. The applicability of this method is demonstrated by the late‐stage chemoselective installation of 1,2,3‐triazole moiety into unactivated molecules of pharmaceutical importance.