bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activities Raising Organizational Awareness for Intercultural Diversity
Authors: Schuette Patricia , Siebold Jona 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWhich activities raise organizational awareness for intercultural diversity? This was the main question of the German project Economy by Diversity. The first aim of this article is to answer this question. Examples and empirical findings of the project work will help illustrate the approach chosen by the project team to bring cultural diversity in small‐ and medium‐size enterprises (SMEs).The article also discusses the usefulness of the often‐criticized access–legitimacy paradigm based on the evaluation results. The project concentrates on a counseling procedure to transfer the topic of diversity into SMEs. It was evaluated using observation records and interviews with the executive board and employees. Early findings indicate that the organizational executives expect financial benefits from their concern with diversity. It is important for them to discover opportunities to link their concrete work to a topic such as diversity.Another focus of the article is that primary access to an organization to work with the topic of diversity succeeds by concentrating on one certain diversity dimension. By including external perspectives concerning organization and market, the enterprise could be pushed to reflect its primary organizational focus. In addition, there is an organizational need for exchange and networking with individuals who have an immigrant history.
Mental Health Inequalities Facing U.K. Minority Ethnic Populations
Authors: Grey Tracy , Sewell Hári , Shapiro Gillian , Ashraf Fahmida 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBlack and minority ethnic (BME) communities continue to experience inequalities within the U.K. mental health system despite major government policy initiatives. The authors examined the literature for causal factors for continued mental health inequalities facing BME groups and potential solutions. The authors selected 53 articles from 1991 to 2012 based on inclusion criteria encompassing all major policy initiatives and relevant literature detailing explanations of mental health inequalities. Although ethnic inequalities in mental health have been of concern for decades in the United Kingdom, a still‐significant gap exists between policies and methods of implementation. In comparison to White people, more BME people are diagnosed with mental health issues every year. BME communities are also facing barriers in terms of accessing culturally appropriate services, including lack of cultural understanding, communication issues, and where and how to seek help. Service providers need to work closely with people from BME communities prior to service design and delivery. Information should be made available in appropriate languages to support understanding about their illnesses and how they can seek help. Frequent reviews may further help assess BME communities' needs and make required changes and implementations.
Using Diversity Interventions to Increase Cervical Screening of Lesbian and Bisexual Women
Authors: Carter Lynne , Hedges Lesley , Congdon Shirley 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDespite increasing recognition and acceptance in many areas, lesbians, gay men, and bisexual people are still unnoticed service users whose needs the National Health Service (NHS) has not recognized and served well. This article reports the first stages of a small‐scale, practitioner‐led action research study undertaken to increase access to cervical screening for lesbian and bisexual women by planning and delivering service enhancements following in‐depth individual and small‐group interviews with local lesbians and bisexual women. These interviews provided rich data that provided insight into the women's health beliefs and experiences related to cervical screening. These experiences directly informed the enhancements made to cervical screening services. The authors describe the factors that made this action research successful, which may have multiple applications across other diversity interventions.
Rising Ambulance Life‐Threatening Call Demand in High and Low Socioeconomic Areas
Authors: Portz Karl , Newell Robert , Archibong Uduak 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAmbulance service demand is increasing in the United Kingdom. A common speculative view makes a link between this rise in demand, deprivation, and certain medical conditions. This study explored factors influencing English ambulance service demand in two areas of differing socioeconomic status. Adopting a causal comparative design, the study compared the numbers of life‐threatening calls that Yorkshire Ambulance Service receives and serves in two geographical areas within the Hull and East Riding area. The area of lower socioeconomic status generated significantly more life‐threatening calls than the area of higher socioeconomic status; these calls often supported younger patients (mean age 59 years versus 71 years) for breathing difficulties (29% versus 14.5%) more commonly. Tackling inequality will require a whole‐systems approach, effective leadership, and recognition of the benefits of understanding difference. A key relationship will entail engaging with seldom heard communities.
Delivering Equality and Diversity Training Within a University Setting Through Drama‐Based Training
Authors: Hayat Kez , Walton Sean 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUnited Kingdom equalities legislation places general and specific legal duties upon higher education institutions to promote equality and diversity positively. This includes an increased emphasis on training and development, especially in the context of promoting and raising awareness of equality and diversity within an organizational setting.The authors evaluate the impact and effectiveness of drama as a means of delivering equality and diversity training. The legal, business, and moral case for diversity is explored, highlighting and investigating the important role of effective equality and diversity training. Drama‐based diversity training is considered within the context of a local university initiative aimed primarily at middle management. Within this initiative, professional actors explored the effects of discrimination in the workplace. The authors frame their findings in the evaluation model proposed by Kirkpatrick (1998).The authors argue that drama‐based training is an effective tool for delivering equality and diversity training and present evidence for such training as having a positive impact. In particular, drama‐based training increases the confidence and capacity of university middle managers to challenge inappropriate behavior in the workplace.
The Role of Career Colleges
Authors: Heitner Keri , Sherman Kenneth C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCareer colleges may have an important role in addressing the educational needs of underrepresented racial and ethnic groups in higher education, such as African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans/Alaska Natives. This study focused on examining the extent to which career colleges meet the needs of these ethnic racial and minority students in states with the highest educational needs through analysis of publicly available data from NCHEMS, the Educational Needs Index, the American Community Survey, and College Navigator (IPEDS) on a sample of 114 for‐profit career colleges and 40 public/not‐for‐profit colleges. Racial/ethnic categories corresponded to categories reported in the IPEDS dataset. Career colleges outperformed other colleges in graduating students from these racial and ethnic minority backgrounds. Career colleges successful at enrolling, retaining, and/or graduating students from one racial or ethnic minority group appear to benefit students who are members of other racial or ethnic minority groups. Students may see that members of another racial or ethnic minority group can succeed in higher education and think that they can succeed, too. The results suggest narrowly focused diversity efforts on specific racial or ethnic student subpopulations may derive benefit across multiple subpopulations of students from racial and ethnic minority groups.
Diversity Work in Organizations
Authors: Kahn Amy 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe globalization of business and business practices blended with legislation and human resources requirements have transformed the face of today's workplace.  In response to this, there has emerged a group of diversity practitioners who work to address these opportunities and challenges.  These practitioners are often called upon to help organizations understand the impact that differences have in the boardroom and in the marketplace.  Interviews with 20 exemplary external diversity practitioners were conducted and then analyzed using the Lieblich, Rubal‐Mashiach, and Zilber (1998) categorical content analysis procedure. Through these conversations, the work of these practitioners was described according to its definition, by its objectives (conduct), and in its content.  Study participants made an important distinction between the definition of “diversity” and that of “diversity management.” The respondents described “diversity” as a construct of variety, of difference, and of the tension that occurs as a result of differences.  The respondents described “diversity management” as a process of facilitating change in a system.  The diversity practitioners' work was described as resulting from the way they mix their passion for social responsibility and for meeting organizational requirements with their focus on a system, on the individuals in the system, or both.
Carotenoids, vitamins (A, B2, C and E) and total folate of traditional foods from Black Sea Area countries
Authors: Sanches‐Silva Ana , Albuquerque Tânia G , Finglas Paul , Ribeiro Tiago , Valente Ana , Vasilopoulou Effie , Trichopoulou Antonia , Alexieva Iordanka , Boyko Nadiya , Costea Cármen‐Eugenia , Hayran Osman , Jorjadze Mariam , Kaprelyants Leonid , Karpenko Dmitry , Filippo D'Antuono L. , Costa Helena S 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarotenoids, vitamins (A, B2, C and E) and total folate are related to health promotion. However, there are still many food matrices for which the content of these compounds is not available. In order to fill this gap, traditional foods from Black Sea Area countries (BSAC) were analysed in order to investigate their potential health benefits.RESULTSThe most abundant carotenoid was β‐carotene. Plum jam was the sample with the highest β‐carotene content (608 µg 100 g−1 edible portion). The group of vegetables and vegetable‐based foods contributed most to β‐carotene content. Evergreen cherry laurel presented the highest l‐ascorbic acid content (29.9 mg 100 g−1 edible portion), while the highest riboflavin and total folate contents were found for roasted sunflower seeds. Approximately 61% of the analysed samples showed quantifiable amounts of α‐tocopherol but did not contain retinol.CONCLUSIONDespite the great variability in the content of carotenoids, vitamins and total folate, most of the analysed traditional foods from BSAC can be considered good sources of these compounds. Therefore, owing to their putative health benefits, the consumption of those with higher contents of these compounds should be encouraged and promoted. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Knowledge Needs, Barriers, and Enablers for Japanese Engineers
Authors: Magnier‐Watanabe Remy , Benton Caroline 
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this research is to identify the information and knowledge that Japanese engineers want to retrieve from past projects, those they believe should be captured for future projects, and the enablers and barriers to their knowledge management (KM) activities. Text‐mining and regression analyses revealed that Japanese engineers want to access more technical knowledge from past projects and more forward‐looking technology and market trends for future development tasks.People‐related factors were the largest inhibitors to knowledge acquisition, diffusion, and application, whereas systems and related policies were considered major hindrances for knowledge storage. Intention was found to be the strongest KM enabler. Last, engineers' perceived importance of KM appeared to be very personal, whereas the actual time spent on KM activities depended more on organizational factors. These findings suggest that management should motivate Japanese engineers while providing organizational context conducive to KM. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pilot study of vascular health in survivors of osteosarcoma
Authors: Mulrooney Daniel A. , Ness Kirsten K. , Huang Sujuan , Solovey Anna , Hebbel Robert P. , Neaton James D. , Clohisy Denis R. , Kelly Aaron S. , Neglia Joseph P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular‐related toxicities have been reported among survivors of osteosarcoma.MethodsFasting blood samples from 24 osteosarcoma survivors were analyzed for high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), triglycerides, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein‐ß, lipoprotein (a), fibrinogen, circulating endothelial cells (CECs), and surface expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1). Values were compared to subjects in the natural history Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort study except for CECs and VCAM‐1 expression, which were compared to controls studied at the University of Minnesota Lillehei clinical trials unit.ProcedureSurvivors (54.2% male), median age 18 years (9–32) at diagnosis, 36.5 years (20–56) at evaluation were treated with a variety of chemotherapeutic exposures, all but one were exposed to doxorubicin (median dose 450 mg/m2; range: 90–645 mg/m2), 14 (58.3%) received cisplatin, and 3 (12.5%) were exposed to carboplatin. Two survivors (8.3%) received radiation therapy for disease relapse. Compared to CARDIA subjects, mean hsCRP (3.0 mg/L ± 2.0 vs. 1.6 ± 2.3), triglycerides (151 mg/dl ± 81.7 vs. 95.4 ± 101.3), lipoprotein (a) (34.9 mg/dl ± 17.7 vs. 13.8 ± 22.0), and fibrinogen (315.0 mg/dl ± 49.3 vs. 252.4 ± 61.7) were significantly elevated. The number of CECs (0.47 cells/ml ± 2.5 vs. 0.92 ± 2.5) did not differ while surface expression of VCAM‐1 (86.4% ± 34.0 vs. 42.1 ± 33.8) was significantly elevated compared to controls.ConclusionsAmong survivors of osteosarcoma, assessed a median of 14 years from diagnosis, there is evidence of vascular inflammation, dyslipidemia, and early atherogenesis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1703–1708. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Political economy, media, and climate change: sinews of modern life
Authors: Boykoff Maxwell T. , Yulsman Tom 
Published: May 2013

In this 21st century, examining how climate change is described and considered, largely through mass media, is as important as formal climate governance to the long‐term success or failure of efforts to confront the challenge. Mass media stitch together formal science and policy with the public sphere. And many dynamic, contested factors contribute to how media outlets portray climate change. This paper addresses contemporary political economics—from greater workloads and reductions in specialist science journalism to digital innovations and new media organizational forms—as they relate to media coverage of climate change. By way of recent studies and indications of these dynamics, we appraise how power flows through culture, politics, and society, to construct coverage, public discourses, and knowledge on climate change. In so doing, we explore how media representations of climate change have changed over time, and particularly how the rise of digital media has reshaped climate coverage. Considerations of climate change, arguably the most heavily politicized scientific issue at the turn of the new millennium, seek to inform and anticipate corollary science issues, such as ongoing concerns for genetically modified organisms, nanotechnology risks, and increased threats to water quantity and quality. The focus on political economy—the ‘sinews’ of modern life—can also then help to inform perceptions and decision making in associated environmental challenges.WIREs Clim Change2013, 4:359–371. doi: 10.1002/wcc.233This article is categorized under:Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > CommunicationSocial Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Utility of Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Monitoring in Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1‐Associated Primary Hyperparathyroidism Undergoing Initial Parathyroidectomy
Authors: Nilubol Naris , Weisbrod Allison B. , Weinstein Lee S. , Simonds William F. , Jensen Robert T. , Phan Giao Q. , Hughes Marybeth S. , Libutti Steven K. , Marx Stephen , Kebebew Electron 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (IOPTH) is a widely used adjunct for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). However, the benefit of IOPTH in familial pHPT, such as in multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN1), remains unclear.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 52 patients with MEN1‐associated pHPT undergoing initial parathyroidectomy with IOPTH monitoring at our institution. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were measured before skin incision and 10 min after resection of the last parathyroid gland. Variables analyzed included percent drop of PTH from baseline and the final PTH level compared to the normal reference range (RR).ResultsA total of 52 patients underwent initial subtotal parathyroidectomy with IOPTH. An IOPTH decrease cutoff of ≥75 % from baseline had the highest biochemical cure rate (87 %). In the remaining 13 % who met this cutoff, all had persistent pHPT, with ≥90 % drop of PTH from baseline. The remaining patients, who did not meet the ≥75 % cutoff, were cured. Follow‐up was available for three of four patients with final IOPTH levels above the RR: one had persistent pHPT, two had hypoparathyroidism (50 %). When a postresection PTH level was within the RR, 88 % of patients were cured. While considered cured from pHPT, 7 % of patients in this group developed permanent hypoparathyroidism. When the final PTH level dropped below the RR, 28 % developed permanent hypoparathyroidism.ConclusionsA cutoff in IOPTH decrease of ≥75 % from baseline has the highest biochemically cure rate in patients with pHPT associated with MEN1. However, a 75 % cutoff in IOPTH decrease does not exclude persistent pHPT. The absolute IOPTH value does not accurately predict postoperative hypoparathyroidism.
Expansion of Genetic Services Utilizing a General Genetic Counseling Clinic
Authors: Hannig VL , Cohen MP , Pfotenhauer JP , Williams MD , Morgan TM , Phillips JA 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe established a general genetic counseling clinic (GCC) to help reduce long wait times for new patient appointments and to enhance services for a subset of patients. Genetic counselors, who are licensed in Tennessee, were the primary providers and MD geneticists served as medical advisors. This article describes the clinic referral sources, reasons for referral and patient dispositions following their GCC visit(s). We obtained patients by triaging referrals made to our medical genetics division. Over 24 months, our GCC provided timely visits for 321 patients, allowing the MD geneticists to focus on patients needing a clinical exam and/or complex medical management. Following their GCC visit(s), over 80 % of patients did not need additional appointments with an MD geneticist. The GCC allowed the genetic counselor to spend more time with patients than is possible in our traditional medical genetics clinic. Patient satisfaction surveys (n = 30) were very positive overall concerning the care provided. Added benefits for the genetic counselors were increased professional responsibility, autonomy and visibility as health care providers. We conclude that genetic counselors are accepted as health care providers by patients and referring providers for a subset of clinical genetics cases. A GCC can expand genetic services, complement more traditional genetic clinic models and utilize the strengths of the genetic counselor health care provider.
BitTorrent traffic from a caching perspective
Authors: Ponciano Lesandro , Andrade Nazareno , Brasileiro Francisco 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
BitTorrent currently contributes a significant amount of inter-ISP traffic. This has motivated research and development to explore caching and locality-aware neighbor selection mechanisms for costly traffic reduction. Recent researches have analyzed the possible effects of caching BitTorrent traffic and have provided preliminary results on its cacheability. However, little is known about the specifics of caching design that affect cache effectiveness and operation, such as replacement policy and cache size. This study addresses this gap with a comprehensive analysis of BitTorrent caching based on traces of user behavior in four popular BitTorrent sites. Our trace-driven simulation results show differences in BitTorrent traffic caching compared to that of the Web and other peer-to-peer applications. Differently from Web and other peer-to-peer caching, larger caches are necessary to achieve similar caching effectiveness in BitTorrent traffic. Furthermore, in BitTorrent caching, the LRU replacement policy that takes the temporal locality into account shows the best performance. We also use a locality-aware neighbor selection mechanism as a baseline to evaluate the LRU caching effectiveness. We find that LRU caching can provide greater traffic reduction than locality-aware neighbor selection in several scenarios of cache size and number of ISP clients.
Prenatal stress alters the behavior and dendritic morphology of the medial orbitofrontal cortex in mouse offspring during lactation
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Rojas Cristian , Pascual Rodrigo , Bustamante Carlos 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSeveral preclinical and clinical studies have shown that prenatal stress alters neuronal dendritic development in the prefrontal cortex, together with behavioral disturbances (anxiety). Nevertheless, neither whether these alterations are present during the lactation period, nor whether such findings may reflect the onset of anxiety disorders observed in childhood and adulthood has been studied. The central aim of the present study was to determine the effects of prenatal stress on the neuronal development and behavior of mice offspring during lactation (postnatal days 14 and 21). We studied 24 CF‐1 male mice, grouped as follows: (i) control P14 (n = 6), (ii) stressed P14 (n = 6), (iii) control P21 (n = 6) and (iv) stressed P21 (n = 6). On the corresponding days, animals were evaluated with the open field test and sacrificed. Their brains were then stained in Golgi‐Cox solution for 30 days. The morphological analysis dealt with the study of 96 pyramidal neurons. The results showed, first, that prenatal stress resulted in a significant (i) decrease in the apical dendritic length of pyramidal neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex at postnatal day 14, (ii) increase in the apical dendritic length of pyramidal neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex at postnatal day 21, and (iii) reduction in exploratory behavior at postnatal day 14 and 21.