bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of Hierarchical Classification Techniques for Classifying Anxiety Among Undergraduate Admission Candidates in Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Akher , Sultana Afroza , Siddik Md Abu Bakkar , Kabir Mohammad Alamgir , Salan Md. Sifat Ar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The undergraduate entrance exam, which is required for admission to either Bangladesh's public higher education institutions or medical institutions, is one of among the most important investigations in a student's life. The purpose of the current research was to employ sophisticated machine learning techniques to determine clinical anxiety prevalence among Bangladeshi admission participants while additionally discovering associated risks.
Methods
A total of 5239 individuals were randomly sampled and surveyed using the General Anxiety Disorders Scale (GAD-7) to assess the prevalence of anxiety. Boruta found anxiety prevalence predicting factors. We evaluated the decision tree (DT), support vector machines (SVM), random forest algorithm (RF), and extreme gradient boost (XGBoost) using traditional classification (TC) as well as hierarchical classification (HC), and their performance was evaluated using parameters of Confusion matrix, ROC curves, and the cross-validation.
Results
Among the respondents, one-third of them reported a severe level of anxiety. Participants' family problems, drug addiction, and eleven more were selected as risk factors predicting anxiety by using Boruta. The performance was tested based on two different classification techniques, considered traditional classification and hierarchical classification. Overall, the hierarchical classification in terms of local classification of the xtreme gradient boosting model (Accuracy = 0.926, Sensitivity = 0.987, Specificity = 0.22, F-score = 0.963, and AUC = 0.71) performed better and authentically predicted anxiety.
Conclusion
The findings offer legislators, stakeholders, and household members an opportunity to address this significant crisis proactively through enhanced policy, concentrated psychological well-being promotion, and the development of extremely effective mental health services.
Evaluation of oilseeed rape genotypes based on drought stress tolerance indices
Authors: aminzadeh behroz , alizadeh bahram , mozafari hamid , sani behzad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Drought stress is a serious problem for agriculture, and raising crop yields under drought stress has always been a challenge. Oilseeed rape is a valuable source of edible oil in the world and the improvement of drought tolerance in Oilseeed rape could increase the cultivation area. In order to evaluate the effect of drought stress on oilseeed rape genotypes, this study was conduct with 38 oilseeed rape genotype of winter type considering drought tolerance indices and high yield genotypes under both normal and stress conditions. This study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two separate experiments (normal and drought stress conditions) in the research farm of Seed and Plant Breeding Research Institute Karaj, Iran, from 2016 to 2017. Significant differences among oilseeed rape genotypes was observed using analysis of variance for drought tolerance indices. Based on the YP, the genotype G13 (5.924 t ha− 1) showed the highest yield, while the genotypes G10 (4.2 t ha− 1) displayed the highest YS. Furthermore, MP, GMP, STI and K1STI indices were identified as suitable indices that exhibited a strong correlation with YP and YS. Additionally, the result of principal component analysis, biplot and 3D plot confirmed that genotype G10 had the highest performance under both stress and normal conditions.
Histone H2B Monoubiquitylation Regulates Elongation-to-Termination Transition in RNA Polymerase II Transcription
Authors: PARUA PABITRA , Bandyopadhyay Tirthankar , Basu Baidehi , Haque Nayem 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

RNA Polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent transcription is meticulously regulated during initiation, elongation, termination, and two pivotal transitions: from initiation to elongation and from elongation to termination. The successful transition from elongation to termination is vital for accurate transcription termination. While elongation and termination have been extensively studied, the regulatory mechanisms governing the transition between these stages are not fully understood. Here we report that, in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe) and human cells, Cdk9 and its cyclin partner (Cyclin T in humans, and Pch1 in S. pombe) disengage from the elongation machinery near gene 3'-ends, as Pol II crosses the cleavage and polyadenylation signal (CPS). Concurrently, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) data shows an increased association of Dis2 (the PP1 ortholog in S. pombe) beyond the CPS. Additionally, ChIP-seq indicates that histone H2B monoubiquitylation (H2Bub1) is pivotal for Cdk9 occupancy but serves differential roles along the gene. H2Bub1 facilitates Cdk9 chromatin recruitment during elongation but prompts Cdk9 dissociation from the elongation complex as Pol II traverses the CPS. Furthermore, in S. pombe, disruptions of H2Bub1 in htb1-K119R and sustained levels in ubp8D inversely affect the chromatin occupancy of Pol II, Pol II CTD phosphorylation within the heptad repeats, Spt5, phosphorylated Spt5 (pSpt5), Dis2, components of the mRNA 3’-end processing complex (Pfs2 and Pla1), and termination factors Rhn1 (Rtt103) and Pcf1 around the CPS—diminishing with H2Bub1 loss and increasing with H2Bub1 stabilization. In essence, our data indicates that the H2Bub1-mediated eviction of Cdk9 as Pol II navigates the CPS precipitates a rise in PP1 binding, which, in turn, dephosphorylates pSpt5, slowing Pol II to facilitate efficient termination. The unique modulation of Cdk9 occupancy by H2Bub1 during transcription progression presents a compelling, novel concept requiring further exploration.
Glacio-hydrological changes along the Andes throughout the 21st Century
Authors: Caro Alexis , Condom Thomas , Rabatel Antoine , Aguayo Rodrigo , Champollion Nicolas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Assessing future glacier water contributions is crucial for resource management. However, a large gap persists regarding Andean glacier runoff research. We evaluated eight CMIP6 models (1990-2049) on a glacierized area of 27,669 km², and projected future changes in glacier runoff (on 11,282 km² related to land-terminating glaciers) using an evaluated glaciological model in 778 catchments under two extreme SSP scenarios to estimate the year of maximum glacier runoff (peak water). We evaluated the different GCMs over the historical period using in situ data and showed that some of them perform better in specific glaciological regions. For the mid-21st century, warming trends are projected across the Andes, especially in the Tropical Andes (+0.7°C), while precipitation is expected to decrease slightly in the Southern Andes (-1 to -3%). These variables significantly affect glacier dynamics and runoff estimates. Glacier runoff estimates spanning 2000-2019 and projected to 2030-2049 indicate significant declines in the Tropical Andes (-43%) and Dry Andes (-37%), and a lesser decrease in the Wet Andes (-32%). Notably, the Atuel (-62%) and Tupungato (+32%) catchments in the Dry Andes show highly contrasted changes in annual runoff across the Andes. In terms of peak water, most catchments are expected to reach it before the first half of the 21st century (between 2010 and 2028). Our study underlines the critical importance of considering seasonal variations when analyzing GCMs in hydro-glaciological simulations and emphasizes regional disparities in glacier runoff across the Andes for future water resources management.
Knowledge and Practices on Home Medication Storage and Disposal in Syria: A Population-Based, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Samha Raghad , Wali Azmi , Al-Qadri Saeed , Al-Assi Fatima , Al-Khalaf Aya , Al-Deeb Aya , Shibani Mosa , Alzabibi Mhd Amin , Khaddam Walid Issa , Al-Hayek Shahd 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Medications are commonly found in every household. Improper storage can alter their effectiveness and usability, while inappropriate disposal negatively impacts the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes and practices of Syrian individuals regarding the appropriate storage and disposal of home medications.
Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 22 to October 20, 2023, using an online survey distributed via social media apps (WhatsApp, Facebook, and Telegram) in Syria. The questionnaire, adapted from a similar study in Saudi Arabia, was translated to Arabic using the forward-backward translation technique. A convenience sampling technique was used. Validity and reliability were confirmed through a pilot study with 50 participants (Cronbach's alpha = 0.7). Inclusion criteria were participants over eighteen with expired or unused medications at home. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS version 27, with statistical significance defined as p < 0.05.
Results
A total of 2,217 responses were collected. The findings revealed that 87% of respondents dispose of expired medications in the garbage, and 95% keep medications in their original containers. Additionally, 30% consult pharmacists for storage instructions, and 64% read the storage information on medication leaflets. There was no significant difference in responses between medical professionals and the general population.
Conclusion
This study highlights a significant lack of awareness among the Syrian public regarding the proper storage and disposal of medications. Enhanced public education and awareness programs are essential to improve these practices.
Evaluating The Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity of Herbal Medicine on Swiss Albino Mice: An In-Vivo, In-vitro and In-Silico Insights
Authors: Alom Md. Murshid , Zamir Md. Rausan , Islam Nazmul , Khalekuzzaman Md. , Zaman Rashed , Islam Md. Asadul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Herbal medicine, also known as botanical medicine or phytotherapy, involves using different parts of plants for medicinal purposes, aiming to inhibit various medical conditions and promote overall safety. The adverse health effects and level of toxicity of herbal medicine are not proven by testing, manufacturing, and labeling standards and regulations according to FDA. This analysis was undertaken to examine the hepato-renal toxicity of Carmina, a well‑known Hamdard herbal formulation that is prescribed for balancing of gastric problem. Swiss albino mice considering between 20–25 gram were utilized for conducting this study. The solution of Carmina was given orally at two different doses (0.5 milliliter per kg and 2.5 milliliter per kg body weight) for fourteen consecutive days. Paracetamol for a single lethal hepato-renal toxic dose and allopathic drugs Maxpro were used for standard. Liver and kidney damage were assessed by measuring the levels of enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride, total protein (TP), bilirubin, albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and urea. Besides, oxidative stress marker (reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, catalase activity) and histopathology analysis were evaluated. Finally, in-silico validation was done by applying Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model. Treatment with Carmina exhibited non-significant difference in enzyme levels and oxidative stress marker as compared with saline control group. Normal cellular level was found in the histopathology examination of liver and kidney tissue. There was a considerable toxicity level were found according to QSAR model validation (r2 & q2 value). Biochemical parameters from serum, histological evaluation, and oxidative stress parameters of liver and kidney tissue substantiated that the studied herbal medicine does not create the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic disorder on experimented animals. However, there was a considerable toxicity were found through in-silico validation, it was concluded that the studied herbal medicine is pharmacologically safe.
Distributed network of optically pumped magnetometers for space weather monitoring
Authors: Mrozowski Marcin S. , Bell Angus S. , Griffin Paul F. , Hunter Dominic , Burt David , McGilligan James P. , Riis Erling , Beggan Ciaran , Ingleby Stuart J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Spatial variation in the intensity of magnetospheric and ionospheric fluctuation during solar storms creates ground-induced currents, of importance in both infrastructure engineering and geophysical science. This activity is currently measured using a network of ground-based magnetometers, typically consisting of extensive installations at established observatory sites. We show that this network can be enhanced by the addition of remote quantum magnetometers which combine high sensitivity with intrinsic calibration. These nodes utilize scalable hardware and run independently of wired communication and power networks. We demonstrate that optically pumped magnetometers, utilizing mass-produced and miniaturized components, offer a single scalable sensor with the sensitivity and stability required for space weather observation. We describe the development and deployment of an off-grid magnetic sensing node, powered by a solar panel, present observed data from periods of low and high geomagnetic activity, and compare it to existing geomagnetic observatories.
Forecasting COVID-19 Inpatient Mortality using Fundamental Parameters in Resource-Constrained Settings: a Countrywide Multi-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Hanafi Ibrahem , Hanafi Ibrahem , Alsalkini Marah , Almouhammad Alaa , Salhab Ghaya , Khoder Qamar , Azzam Taj , Hanafi Bayan , Sallam Sondos , Khamis Majd Abu , Alnabelsi Ola , Alzamel Lyana , Afif Zen , Jassem Manaf , Alsoudi Rahaf , Almousa Samaher 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, resource constraints necessitated effective mortality prediction tools to guide decision-making. Tailoring these tools to diverse healthcare settings, particularly those with sparse resources, remains an unmet need. Addressing this challenge, our nationwide multicenter study from Syria introduces LR-COMPAK, a simplified scoring system utilizing six easily obtainable variables: age, comorbidities (kidney disease, malignancy), and vital signs (pulse rate, oxygen saturation, consciousness) to predict COVID-19 mortality during hospitalization. LR-COMPAK exhibited superior performance compared to established scores (AUC 0.88), explaining 52% of mortality variability in our sample (n = 3199), and demonstrated applicability extending to non-hospitalized patients. Regional and temporal disparities in severity scores and mortality rates underscored healthcare capacity variations. Furthermore, incorporating two blood tests (lactate dehydrogenase and bicarbonate), LR-ALBO-ICU, a modified ICU-specific score, effectively predicted ICU mortality. The practical implications of LR-COMPAK and LR-ALBO-ICU include aiding informed hospitalization decisions, optimizing resource allocation in resource-limited settings, and enhancing patient outcomes globally.
Advancing Resource Efficiency: Evaluation of Plastic Upcycling Methodologies and Their Applications in Sustainable Flooring Solutions
Authors: F Antony Leo , Ajith Navinjith , S Akaash 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study explores the development of eco-friendly bricks using recycled plastic waste, specifically high-density polyethylene (HDPE), quartz sand, and bitumen. The research demonstrates the potential for addressing plastic pollution while reducing construction costs. Key findings include: 1) a production cost of 0.092 euros per brick, approximately half that of traditional bricks; 2) enhanced structural integrity with a peak compression strength of 37.5 MPa at 2% bitumen content and a 3:2 plastic-to-sand ratio; 3) improved water resistance and reduced permeability; 4) minimal water absorption (less than 1% after 24 hours); 5) negligible efflorescence, particularly in bricks with higher plastic content; and 6) enhanced heat conduction resistance in plastic-rich bricks. The study highlights the viability of these innovative bricks in various construction applications, including structural frameworks, parking installations, and pathways. This research contributes to sustainable construction practices by offering an economically viable and environmentally responsible alternative to traditional bricks, while simultaneously addressing the global challenge of plastic waste management.
Memantine administration enhances glutamatergic and GABAergic pathways in human hippocampus of Alzheimer´s disease patients
Authors: Fabrik Ivo , Kupcik Rudolf , Horak Martin , Soukup Jiri , Manethova Monika , Rusina Robert , Matej Radoslav , Ryska Ales , Soukup Ondrej 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction: One of the traditional treatments in Alzheimer´s disease (AD) is an administration of memantine, the NMDA receptor antagonist. However, molecular mechanism of memantine complex action and the impact on hippocampal proteome in humans is unknown.
Methods:Hippocampal proteins extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded post mortem tissues obtained from healthy donors (n=15), AD patients not treated by memantine (n=11), and AD patients treated with memantine (n=8) were investigated using TMT-based quantitative proteomics.
Results: The presented data show that memantine treatment has minor but characteristic effect on
protein expression. Memantine medication selectively induced levels of several mitochondrially-encoded proteins, mitigated proteomic pattern of activated phagocytes, and enhanced expression of synaptic components involved in both inhibitory (GABA) and excitatory (glutamate) neurotransmission.
Conclusions: The impact of memantine treatment exceeds its NMDA-blocking role. Memantine foremostly stimulates broad upregulation of proteins for which glutamate or GABA serve as ligands suggesting perturbation of glutamate/GABA signaling.
Experimental evolution of a mammalian holobiont: selection for herbivorous capability in bank voles yields distinct and robust gut microbial communities
Authors: Lipowska Małgorzata M. , Sadowska Edyta T. , Kohl Kevin D. , Koteja Paweł 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Symbiotic associations between animals and their microbiota are increasingly recognized as critical to the functioning of individuals and the evolution of complex adaptations, such as mammalian herbivory. This has led to the development of the "hologenome" theory of evolution, which proposes that natural selection and evolution can act through a conglomerate biological unit, the "holobiont" - the host and its associated microbiome. Although the concept is appealing, its merits are debated, and few attempts have been made to test its specific assumptions directly using the experimental evolutionary approach.
Results
Here, we fill this gap using lines of bank vole (Myodes = Clethrionomys glareolus) selected for enhanced ability to cope with a low-quality herbivorous diet and unselected control lines. In a 4-day test with the low-quality diet, juvenile voles from the "herbivorous" lines maintained or increased body mass better than those from the control lines and had an increased rate of food consumption. Results from a complex nature-nurture design, in which we combined dietary treatment with cohabitation between individuals from the distinct lines (to allow for horizontal bacterial transfer), showed that the "herbivorous" voles harbored a caecal microbiome with altered composition and structure, and altered abundances of several phyla and genera, regardless of the origin of the cohabitant. Although the differences were small, they were partially robust to changes in diet and housing conditions. Microbial characteristics also correlated with selection-related traits at the level of individual variation.
Conclusions
These results, combined with those of a complementary cross-fostering experiment, showed that microbial composition can be treated as an organismal functional trait, largely determined by genetic background and early maternal effects, which can change in response to selection acting on other organismal traits. Such results are consistent with the concept of hologenomic evolution.
Unravelling non-adiabatic pathways in the mutual neutralization of hydronium and hydroxide
Authors: Strasser Daniel , Bogot Alon , Poline Mathias , Ji MingChao , Dochain Arnaud , Rosén Stefan , Zettergren Henning , Schmidt Henning , Thomas Richard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The mutual-neutralization of hydronium and hydroxide ions is a fundamental chemical reaction. Yet, there is very limited direct experimental evidence about its intrinsically non-adiabatic mechanism. By 3D-imaging of the coincident neutral products of isolated D3O+ and OD− reactions, we revealed two competing non-adiabatic pathways leading to distinct D2O+OD+D and 2OD+D2 product channels and substantial suppression of the proton-transfer mechanism due to a kinetic isotope-effect. Analysis of the 3-body momentum correlations revealed the electronic ground- and excited-state energies of the unstable D3O radicals, formed by e-transfer. Furthermore, we found that in reactions leading to the higher probability D2O+OD+D channel, e-transfer forms the neutral D3O ground state at a short ~4Å distance. In contrast, 2OD+D2 products are formed following e-transfer at ~10Å distance and proceed on an excited-state of the neutral D3O. The observed mechanisms are related to the recently reported spontaneous OH radical formation at the surface of pure water microdroplets.
γ-aminobutyric acid receptor B signaling drives glioblastoma in females in an immune-dependent manner
Authors: Bayik Defne , Pathak Asmita , Sra Palavalasa , Knott Maxon , Colon Bruno , Ciervo Erika , Zhou Yadi , Mitchell Jonathan , Pumar Oriana , Wong Harrison , Zhang Li , Susic Nikola , Shah Khushi , Kay Kristen , Chin Diana , Johnson Sadie , Cheng Feixiong , Lyssiotis Costas , Watson Dionysios , Ceccarelli Michele , Shah Ashish , Wahl Daniel , Lathia Justin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Sex differences in immune responses impact cancer outcomes and treatment response, including in glioblastoma (GBM). However, host factors underlying sex specific immune-cancer interactions are poorly understood. Here, we identify the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a driver of GBM-promoting immune response in females. We demonstrated that GABA receptor B (GABBR) signaling enhances L-Arginine metabolism and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) expression in female granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (gMDSCs). GABBR agonist and GABA analog promoted GBM growth in females in an immune-dependent manner, while GABBR inhibition reduces gMDSC NOS2 production and extends survival only in females. Furthermore, female GBM patients have enriched GABA transcriptional signatures compared to males, and the use of GABA analogs in GBM patients is associated with worse short-term outcomes only in females. Collectively, these results highlight that GABA modulates anti-tumor immune response in a sex-specific manner, supporting future assessment of GABA pathway inhibitors as part of immunotherapy approaches.