bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-related differences in unruptured intracranial aneurysms: 1-year outcomes
Authors: Mahaney Kelly B. , Brown Robert D. , Meissner Irene , Piepgras David G. , Huston John , Zhang Jie , Torner James C. 
Published: August 2014

Object
The aim of this study was to determine age-related differences in short-term (1-year) outcomes in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs).

Methods
Four thousand fifty-nine patients prospectively enrolled in the International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms were categorized into 3 groups by age at enrollment: < 50, 50–65, and > 65 years old. Outcomes assessed at 1 year included aneurysm rupture rates, combined morbidity and mortality from aneurysm procedure or hemorrhage, and all-cause mortality. Periprocedural morbidity, in-hospital morbidity, and poor neurological outcome on discharge (Rankin scale score of 3 or greater) were assessed in surgically and endovascularly treated groups. Univariate and multivariate associations of each outcome with age were tested.

Results
The risk of aneurysmal hemorrhage did not increase significantly with age. Procedural and in-hospital morbidity and mortality increased with age in patients treated with surgery, but remained relatively constant with increasing age with endovascular treatment. Poor neurological outcome from aneurysm- or procedure-related morbidity and mortality did not differ between management groups for patients 65 years old and younger, but was significantly higher in the surgical group for patients older than 65 years: 19.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 13.9%–24.4%), compared with 8.0% (95% CI 2.3%–13.6%) in the endovascular group and 4.2% (95% CI 2.3%–6.2%) in the observation group. All-cause mortality increased steadily with increasing age, but differed between treatment groups only in patients < 50 years of age, with the surgical group showing a survival advantage at 1 year.

Conclusions
Surgical treatment of UIAs appears to be safe, prevents 1-year hemorrhage, and may confer a survival benefit in patients < 50 years of age. However, surgery poses a significant risk of morbidity and death in patients > 65 years of age. Risk of endovascular treatment does not appear to increase with age. Risks and benefits of treatment in older patients should be carefully considered, and if treatment is deemed necessary for patients older than 65 years, endovascular treatment may be the best option.
Vascular complications of penetrating brain injury: comparison of helical CT angiography and conventional angiography
Authors: Bodanapally Uttam K. , Shanmuganathan Kathirkamanathan , Boscak Alexis R. , Jaffray Paul M. , Van der Byl Giulia , Roy Ashis K. , Dreizin David , Fleiter Thorsten R. , Mirvis Stuart E. , Krejza Jaroslaw , Aarabi Bizhan 
Published: August 2014

Object
The authors conducted a study to compare the sensitivity and specificity of helical CT angiography (CTA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in detecting intracranial arterial injuries after penetrating traumatic brain injury (PTBI).

Methods
In a retrospective evaluation of 48 sets of angiograms from 45 consecutive patients with PTBI, 3 readers unaware of the DSA findings reviewed the CTA images to determine the presence or absence of arterial injuries. A fourth reader reviewed all the disagreements and decided among the 3 interpretations. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of CTA were calculated on a per-injury basis and in a subpopulation of patients with traumatic intracranial aneurysms (TICAs).

Results
Sensitivity of CTA for detecting arterial injuries was 72.7% (95% CI 49.8%–89.3%); specificity, 93.5% (95% CI 78.6%–99.2%); PPV, 88.9% (95% CI 65.3%–98.6%); and NPV, 82.9% (95% CI 66.4%–93.4%). All 7 TICAs were correctly identified by CTA. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of CTA in detecting TICAs were 100%. To compare agreement with DSA, the standard of reference, confidence scores categorized as low, intermediate, and high probability yielded an overall effectiveness of 77.8% (95% CI 71.8%–82.9%).

Conclusions
Computed tomography angiography had limited overall sensitivity in detecting arterial injuries in patients with PTBI. However, it was accurate in identifying TICAs, a subgroup of injuries usually managed by either surgical or endovascular approaches, and non-TICA injuries involving the first-order branches of intracranial arteries.
Spine stereotactic body radiotherapy for renal cell cancer spinal metastases: analysis of outcomes and risk of vertebral compression fracture
Authors: Thibault Isabelle , Al-Omair Ameen , Masucci Giuseppina Laura , Masson-Côté Laurence , Lochray Fiona , Korol Renée , Cheng Lu , Xu Wei , Yee Albert , Fehlings Michael G. , Bjarnason Georg A. , Sahgal Arjun 
Published: August 2014

Object
The aim of this study was to evaluate local control (LC) and the risk of vertebral compression fracture (VCF) after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with renal cell cancer spinal metastases.

Methods
Prospectively collected data on 71 spinal segments treated with SBRT in 37 patients were reviewed. The median follow-up was 12.3 months (range 1.2–55.4 months). The LC rate was assessed based on each spinal segment treated and overall survival (OS) according to each patient treated. Sixty of 71 segments (85%) were radiation naive, 11 of 71 (15%) were previously irradiated, and 10 of 71 (14%) were treated with postoperative SBRT. The median SBRT total dose and number of fractions were 24 Gy and 2, respectively. The VCF analysis also included evaluation of the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score criteria.

Results
The 1-year OS and LC rates were 64% and 83%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified oligometastatic disease (13 of 37 patients) as a positive prognostic factor (p = 0.018) for OS. Of 61 non-postoperative spinal segments treated, 10 (16%) developed VCFs; 3 of 10 were de novo VCFs and 7 of 10 occurred as progression of an existing VCF. The 1-year VCF-free probability rate was 82%. Multivariate analysis identified single-fraction SBRT and baseline VCF as significant predictors of SBRT-induced VCF (p = 0.028 and p = 0.012, respectively).

Conclusions
Spine SBRT yields high rates of local tumor control in patients with renal cell cancer. Baseline VCF and 18–24 Gy delivered in a single fraction were predictive of further collapse. Patients with oligometastatic disease may benefit most from such aggressive local therapy, given the prolonged survival observed.
Microsatellite primers for the gynodioecious grassland perennial Saxifraga granulata (Saxifragaceae)
Authors: van der Meer Sascha , Van Houdt Jeroen K. J. , Maes Gregory E. , Hellemans Bart , Jacquemyn Hans 
Published: August 2014

• Premise of the study: Nine polymorphic and 12 monomorphic microsatellite loci (simple sequence repeats [SSRs]) were isolated and characterized for the gynodioecious grassland perennial Saxifraga granulata.• Methods and Results: Based on genomic screening of leaf material of four individuals from four populations, a total of 21 microsatellite primer pairs were designed for S. granulata. Nine loci were polymorphic and were optimized into two PCR multiplex reactions and tested on 100 individuals from five riparian populations from central Belgium. The number of alleles of the polymorphic loci ranged from three to 18, and gametic heterozygosity ranged from 0.26 to 0.94.• Conclusions: The markers that are presented here are the first microsatellite markers reported for S. granulata and will be used to assess how river systems shape the spatial genetic structure and diversity of riparian populations of this species.
MAPA DE NIVELAMENTO DE TOPOS NA ANÁLISE DA EVOLUÇÃO GEOMORFOLÓGICA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIBEIRÃO SANTO INÁCIO, ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Fortes Edison , De Sordi Michael Vinicius 
Published: August 2014

Este trabalho trata da aplicação de mapas de nivelamento de topos na bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Santo Inácio, tributário do rio Paranapanema, situado no extremo norte central paranaense, para análise dos elementos morfoestruturais que condicionaram a evolução do relevo. Para realização desse trabalho foram utilizadas como base as cartas topográficas de escala 1: 50.000. Os mapas de Nivelamento de Topos permitem preencher seletivamente os vales de maneira a reconstituir o paleorelevo. O modelado do relevo da bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Santo Inácio teve sua evolução controlada por altos e baixos estruturais, que condicionaram processos geoquímicos e influenciaram a organização da cobertura pedológica. O rompimento dos altos estruturais permitiu a ligação de zonas deprimidas, até então isoladas, formando corredores alongados que constituem atualmente o fundo dos vales da bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Santo Inácio. Processos de perda isovolumétrica levaram a um rebaixamento e aplanamento do relevo, comandados por uma frente de alteração em íntima associação com a erosão remontante. O nível de base representado pelo rio Paranapanema teve maior importância a partir do momento que as zonas deprimidas estavam completamente definidas. A existência de remanescentes de superfícies de aplainamento não pôde ser comprovada, apontando-se para uma evolução do modelado de relevo local por uma combinação de processos geoquímicos condicionados por fatores morfoestruturais locais.
A critical knowledge pathway to low‐carbon, sustainable futures: Integrated understanding of urbanization, urban areas, and carbon
Authors: Romero‐Lankao Patricia , Gurney Kevin R. , Seto Karen C. , Chester Mikhail , Duren Riley M. , Hughes Sara , Hutyra Lucy R. , Marcotullio Peter , Baker Lawrence , Grimm Nancy B. , Kennedy Christopher , Larson Elisabeth , Pincetl Stephanie , Runfola Dan , Sanchez Landy , Shrestha Gyami , Feddema Johannes , Sarzynski Andrea , Sperling Joshua , Stokes Eleanor 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIndependent lines of research on urbanization, urban areas, and carbon have advanced our understanding of some of the processes through which energy and land uses affect carbon. This synthesis integrates some of these diverse viewpoints as a first step toward a coproduced, integrated framework for understanding urbanization, urban areas, and their relationships to carbon. It suggests the need for approaches that complement and combine the plethora of existing insights into interdisciplinary explorations of how different urbanization processes, and socio‐ecological and technological components of urban areas, affect the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon emissions, differentially over time and within and across cities. It also calls for a more holistic approach to examining the carbon implications of urbanization and urban areas, based not only on demographics or income but also on other interconnected features of urban development pathways such as urban form, economic function, economic‐growth policies, and other governance arrangements. It points to a wide array of uncertainties around the urbanization processes, their interactions with urban socio‐institutional and built environment systems, and how these impact the exchange of carbon flows within and outside urban areas. We must also understand in turn how carbon feedbacks, including carbon impacts and potential impacts of climate change, can affect urbanization processes. Finally, the paper explores options, barriers, and limits to transitioning cities to low‐carbon trajectories, and suggests the development of an end‐to‐end, coproduced and integrated scientific understanding that can more effectively inform the navigation of transitional journeys and the avoidance of obstacles along the way.
Auditory Pareidolia: Effects of Contextual Priming on Perceptions of Purportedly Paranormal and Ambiguous Auditory Stimuli
Authors: Nees Michael A. , Phillips Charlotte 
Published: August 2014

SummaryReality television programs that explore purportedly paranormal phenomena with pseudoscientific research approaches have emerged in popular culture. These shows commonly feature electronic voice phenomena (EVP), whereby recording devices capture audio signals that are interpreted as paranormal messages. We compared perceptions for voices in EVP with actual speech, acoustic noise, and degraded speech. Some participants were told that the experiment was about speech intelligibility, whereas others were told that the experiment was about paranormal EVP. The paranormal prime increased the proportion of trials for which participants perceived voices in both EVP stimuli and degraded speech. When a voice was detected, low agreement was found regarding the content of EVP messages. In both priming conditions, participants reported general skepticism in the paranormal. Results are discussed in the context of theoretical perspectives on paranormal events, trait‐versus‐state accounts of paranormal beliefs, and pseudoscientific approaches to research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polarisations‐spektralphotometrische Untersuchungen in Emission und Absorption an [Cr urea6] J3‐Einkristallen
Authors: Gliemann Von Günter , Yersin Hartmut 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEs wurden Polarisationsspektren von {Cr[OC(NH2)2]6}J3‐Mikrokristallen in Emission und Absorption bis herab zu 7°K im Bereich der im Roten liegenden scharfen Interkombinationsübergänge vermessen. Diese stellen elektrische Dipolübergänge dar. Die beiden auf der kurzwelligen Seite der Emission auftretenden Hauptübergänge bei 6995 Å und bei 7029 Å sind Null‐Null‐Übergänge. Sie können den 2Eg‐Folgetermen Γ5, Γ6 und Γ4 (in D′3) zugeordnet werden. Es zeigen sich deutliche Hinweise auf eine Mischung zwischen dem oberen 2Eg‐Folgeterm Γ4 und einem 4A1(4T2g)‐Folgeterm. Es werden qualitative Aussagen über Desaktivierungsmechanismen beim [Cr urea6]J3 gemacht.
Effektive Energieübertragung von schwingungsangeregtem CO auf COS
Authors: Hoyermann Von K. , Poss R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDie infrarote Chemilumineszenz von CO‐Molekeln (2 ≦ v ≦ 11), erzeugt durch Reaktion zwischen Sauerstoffatomen und C2H2, wurde in einer vergoldeten Kugel bei 0,9 Torr untersucht. Die Zugabe kleiner Mengen von COS ([CO*] ≈ [COS]) erbrachte eine beträchtliche Energieübertragung von angeregtem CO mit v in der Gegend von 5 auf das COS. Die Anregung des COS konnte über die Emission beim Übergang vom Niveau (00°2) auf (00°0) verfolgt werden.
Untersuchungen zur Oxydation von 1‐Phenylpyrazolidon(3) und seinem 5,5‐Dimethylderivat: I. Protolytische Gleichgewichte, Kinetik der Bildung und der Folgereaktionen der Primärradikale
Authors: Vogel Von D. , Jaenicke W. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDie photographische Entwicklersubstanz 1‐Phenylpyrazolidon(3) (“Phenidon”, I) und ihr 5,5‐Dimethylderivat (II) werden miteinander verglichen. Beide Verbindungen sind amphoter, ihre Elektronenanregungs‐Spektren in saurer, neutraler und alkalischer Lösung werden diskutiert, ihre protolytischen Gleichgewichtskonstanten spektroskopisch bestimmt. Die Oxydation mit K3[Fe(CN)6] wird untersucht. Es bilden sich zunächst nach verschiedenen pH‐abhängigen Mechanismen orangefarbene Primärradikale. Die Redoxgleichgewichts‐ und Geschwindigkeitskonstanten werden bestimmt. Die Primärradikale R I und R II reagieren weiter, wobei R I in der Hauptsache zu 1‐Phenylpyrazolon(3) disproportioniert. Unter bestimmten Bedingungen treten bei R I als Nebenreaktion, bei R II als Hauptreaktion violette radikalische Folgeprodukte auf, die bei II isoliert werden können. Ihre Bildungskinetik wird quantitativ verfolgt. Sie erweisen sich als Stoffgemisch.
Über Protonenzustände im zweidimensionalen Doppelminimumpotential von Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen: Einfluß der Deformationsschwingung auf die Lebensdauer der protomeren Grenzstrukturen
Authors: Brickmann Von Jürgen , Licha Adam , Zimmermann Herbert 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDer Einfluß von AH‐ bzw. BH‐Deformationsschwingungen auf die Lebensdauer der protomeren Grenzstrukturen AH···B und A···HB einer Wasserstoffbrückenbindung wurde an Hand von Modellrechnungen untersucht. Die Grenzstrukturen lassen sich als quasistationäre Einmuldenzustände in einem zweidimensionalen Doppelminimumpotential beschreiben. Als Modellpotential wurde ein Polynom in zwei Variablen verwendet. Die Eigenfunktionen des zugehörigen Hamiltonoperators ließen sich als Linearkombination von Produkten aus Oszillatoreigenfunktionen darstellen. Die Verweilzeit des Protons in den Potentialmulden konnte näherungsweise aus den Eigenfunktionen des Systems ohne Kenntnis der quasistationären Einmuldenzustände berechnet werden. Sie hängt – außer von Dicke und Höhe des Potentialwalls – wesentlich vom Energieunterschied korrespondierender Einmuldenzustände ab und damit von der Energie der Valenz‐ und Deformationsschwingung des Protons in den beiden Potentialmulden.Ein spontaner Protonenübergang von AH···B nach A···HB kann nicht nur unter Erhaltung, sondern auch unter simultaner Änderung der Quantenzahlen der XH‐Valenz‐ und Deformationsschwingungen erfolgen (X = A,B).
Bioavailability of tramadol hydrochloride after administration via different routes in rats
Authors: Zhang Hua , Zhao Youyou , Wang Xueqing , Zhang Qiang 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTTramadol is a synthetic non‐opiate analgesic drug and effective for many kinds of chronic and acute pain. This study compared the bioavailability of tramadol after different administration routes in rats (oral, buccal and nasal). A simple HPLC analytical approach was used to determine the concentration of tramadol in plasma. The pharmacokinetic behavior and bioavailability of tramadol after administration via different routes in rats were investigated. Nasal and buccal administration of tramadol resulted in a fast increase followed by a rapid decrease in the plasma tramadol concentration. The Cmax values following buccal and nasal administration were 6 times and 20 times higher than that of oral administration, respectively, (6827.85 ± 7970.87 ng/ml, 22191.84 ± 5364.86 ng/ml, vs 1127.03 ± 778.34 ng/ml). The relative bioavailabilities of the nasal‐ and buccal‐administered drug when compared with the oral route were 504.8% and 183.4%, respectively, which is much higher than that of oral administration. Nasal and buccal administration increased the bioavailability of tramadol, which may allow for a reduction in the dose of tramadol and a subsequent decrease in both side effects and toxicity. Therefore, this approach provides an effective choice for the delivery of tramadol, an analgesic drug. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Br‐DPQ blue light‐emitting phosphors for OLED
Authors: Dahule H. K. , Thejokalyani N. , Dhoble S. J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA new series of blue light‐emitting 2,4‐diphenylquinoline (DPQ) substituted blue light‐emitting organic phosphors namely, 2‐(4‐methoxy‐phenyl)‐4‐phenyl‐quinoline (OMe–DPQ), 2‐(4‐methyl‐phenyl)‐4‐phenylquinoline (M‐DPQ), and 2‐(4‐bromo‐phenyl)‐4‐phenylquinoline (Br‐DPQ) were synthesized by substituting methoxy, methyl and bromine at the 2‐para position of DPQ, respectively by Friedländer condensation of 2‐aminobenzophenone and corresponding acetophenone. The synthesized phosphors were characterized by different techniques, e.g., Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), UV‐visible absorption and photoluminescence spectra. FTIR spectra confirms the presence of chemical groups such as C=O, NH, or OH in all the three synthesized chromophores. DSC studies show that these complexes have good thermal stability. Although they are low‐molecular‐weight organic compounds, they have the potential to improve the stability and operating lifetime of a device made out of these complexes. The synthesized polymeric compounds demonstrate a bright emission in the blue region in the wavelength range of 405–450 nm in solid state. Thus the attachment of methyl, methoxy and bromine substituents to the diphenyl quinoline ring in these phosphors results in colour tuning of the phosphorescence. An electroluminescence (EL) cell of Br‐DPQ phosphor was made and its EL behaviour was studied. A brightness–voltage characteristics curve of Br‐DPQ cell revealed that EL begins at 400 V and then the brightness increases exponentially with applied AC voltage, while current–voltage (I–V) characteristics revealed that the turn on voltage of the fabricated EL cell was 11 V. Hence this phosphor can be used as a promising blue light material for electroluminescent devices. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating intracranial volume using intracranial area in healthy children and those with childhood status epilepticus
Authors: Piper Rory J. , Yoong Michael M. , Pujar Suresh , Chin Richard F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundCorrecting volumetric measurements of brain structures for intracranial volume (ICV) is important in comparing volumes across subjects with different ICV. The aim of this study was to investigate whether intracranial area (ICA) reliably predicts actual ICV in a healthy pediatric cohort and in children with convulsive status epilepticus (CSE).MethodsT1‐weighted volumetric MRI was performed on 20 healthy children (control group), 10 with CSE with structurally normal MRI (CSE/MR‐), and 12 with CSE with structurally abnormal MRI (CSE/MR+). ICA, using a mid‐sagittal slice, and the actual ICV were measured.ResultsA high Spearman correlation was found between the ICA and ICV measurements in the control (r = 0.96; P < 0.0001), CSE/MR− (r = 0.93; P = 0.0003), and CSE/MR+ (r = 0.94; P < 0.0001) groups. On comparison of predicted and actual ICV, there was no significant difference in the CSE/MR− group (P = 0.77). However, the comparison between predicted and actual ICV was significantly different in the CSE/MR+ (P = 0.001) group. Our Bland–Altman plot showed that the ICA method consistently overestimated ICV in children in the CSE/MR+ group, especially in those with small ICV or widespread structural abnormalities.ConclusionsAfter further validation, ICA measurement may be a reliable alternative to measuring actual ICV when correcting volume measurements for ICV, even in children with localized MRI abnormalities. Caution should be applied when the method is used in children with small ICV and those with multilobar brain pathology.
Thermophiles as Potential Source of Novel Endotoxin Antagonists: the Full Structure and Bioactivity of theLipo‐oligosaccharide from Thermomonas hydrothermalis
Authors: Di Lorenzo Flaviana , Paciello Ida , Fazio Luigi Lembo , Albuquerque Luciana , Sturiale Luisa , da Costa Milton S. , Lanzetta Rosa , Parrilli Michelangelo , Garozzo Domenico , Bernardini Maria Lina , Silipo Dott. Alba , Molinaro Antonio 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThermomonas hydrothermalis is a Gram‐negative thermophilic bacterium that is able to live at 50 °C. This ability is attributed to chemical modifications, involving those to bacterial cell‐wall components, such as proteins and (glyco)lipids. As the main component of the outer membrane of Gram‐negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are exposed to the environment, thus they can undergo structural chemical changes to allow thermophilic bacteria to live at their optimal growth temperature. Furthermore, as one of the major target of the eukaryotic innate immune system, LPS elicits host immune response in a structure‐dependent mode; thus the uncommon chemical features of thermophilic bacterial LPSs might exert a different biological action on the innate immune system—an antagonistic effect, as shown in studies of LPS structure–activity relationship in the ongoing research into antagonist LPS candidates. Here, we report the complete structural and biological activity analysis of the lipo‐oligosaccharide isolated from Thermomonas hydrothermalis, achieved by a multidisciplinary approach (chemical analysis, NMR, MALDI MS and cellular immunology). We demonstrate a tricky and interesting structure combined with a very interesting effect on human innate immunity.