bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« La Terre » de Zola, une histoire biogéochimique de la Beauce au XIXe siècle
Authors: Anglade Juliette , Billen Gilles , Garnier Josette 
Published: November 2015

Le bassin de la Seine a longtemps constitué l’hinterland nourricier de l’agglomération parisienne. Aujourd’hui, les pollutions diffuses liées à l’usage de pesticides et engrais chimiques ainsi qu’à la concentration des ateliers d’élevage, entrainent notamment la fermeture de nombreux captages d’eau potable et l’eutrophisation des zones marines côtières. Cette étude vise à reconstituer une image biogéochimique de la Beauce, à la fin du XIXe siècle, entre grandes exploitations progressistes (200 ha) et petits héritages parcellaires traditionnels (moins de 10 ha). Les performances agronomiques et environnementales de ces systèmes sont évaluées en reconstruisant les bilans d’azote des sols à partir des statistiques agricoles historiques et des éléments sur la vie rurale et les pratiques agricoles contenus dans le célèbre roman naturaliste d’Émile Zola, La Terre. La céréaliculture avait alors déjà pris un essor formidable avec l’abandon de la jachère au profit d’une sole de légumineuses fourragères fixatrices d’azote valorisées par le bétail qui assurait via ses déjections le transfert de cet azote vers les terres labourables. Nous montrons que dans ces systèmes de polyculture-élevage les flux d’azote étaient équilibrés et les pertes environnementales minimes, garantissant une bonne qualité des eaux infiltrées. Dans les grands domaines, la diminution des surfaces en prairies (qui ne représentaient plus que 10 % de la surface agricole utile) et la mécanisation ont permis d’accroître considérablement la capacité commerciale d’exportation céréalière et du territoire, avec 1460 kgN/km²/an soit 98 % de la production céréalière, et ainsi de soutenir la population urbaine grandissante de la révolution industrielle.
Conflictualité autour des marqueurs temporels : sociohistoire de 25 ans du mouvement Notav
Authors: Grisoni Anahita 
Published: November 2015

Auto-défini comme un mouvement populaire, le mouvement italien Notav s’oppose depuis maintenant 25 ans à l’arrivée de la Grande Vitesse ferroviaire (Treni Alta Velocità) dans la vallée de Suse (Piémont). En suivant de près les discours et les pratiques de la composante écologiste du mouvement, cet article montre comment la remise en question des marqueurs temporels caractéristiques de la modernité –présentisme et accélération –est au cœur de la conflictualité générée par le mouvement. À cette vision du monde unique, le mouvement oppose une Weltanschauung de la « décélération volontaire », dans les revendications publiques comme dans les modes de vie individuels, renouvelant ainsi les acceptions du concept de « modernités multiples » (Eisenstadt, 2000). Au-delà de cette dimension critique, la mise en évidence d’espaces-temps d’évolution du Notav permet de mettre en lumière le sens de la lutte dans le cadre de la crise en Europe.
Les régimes de ressources au Canada : les trois crises de l'extractivisme
Authors: Fournis Yann , Fortin Marie-José 
Published: November 2015

Au Canada, l’économie politique des ressources naturelles est profondément marquée par la crise environnementale : plus qu’ailleurs, la surexploitation de la nature est inscrite dans la logique même du capitalisme canadien. À la suite des travaux sur la production d’une socio-nature, nous examinerons comment le modèle de développement extractiviste se saisit de la nature pour en faire un stock de « ressources naturelles ». L’étude des grands régimes de ressources permet ainsi de distinguer analytiquement différentes dynamiques de cette production de la nature, sous la forme de trois temporalités politiques. À l’échelle macro-structurelle, les régimes de ressources sont l’héritage institutionnel d’une économie politique centrée historiquement sur les ressources, qui assure la prééminence de régulations économiques orientées vers l’international (une socio-économie de type staple). À l’échelle meso-politique, ces régimes de ressources sont des arrangements politiques dynamiques qui, tout en stabilisant l’exploitation des ressources, favorise les acteurs extractivistes au détriment des acteurs tiers. À l’échelle micro-sociale, ces régimes de ressources sont enfin des contraintes institutionnelles pour les acteurs territoriaux face à la mise en œuvre de l’exploitation des ressources naturelles. Chacune de ces temporalités porte la marque d’un paradoxe écologique : le capitalisme des ressources n’a pas grand-chose à voir avec le marché (du fait du rôle des grandes organisations), de moins en moins à partager avec la société canadienne (du fait des contestations croissantes) et favorise la dépossession des communautés locales de leur environnement (en dépit de progrès récents). En conclusion, nous reviendrons sur la signification politique de ce type de développement.
Les pratiques paysannes de gestion des pesticides sur le maïs et le coton dans le bassin cotonnier du Bénin
Authors: Adechian Soulé Akinhola , Baco Mohamed Nasser , Akponikpe Irénikatché , Toko Ibrahim Imorou , Egah Janvier , Affoukou Kévin 
Published: November 2015

L’utilisation accrue des pesticides chimiques couplée au boom agricole à laquelle on assiste ces dernières années soulève des interrogations sur la vulnérabilité des ressources naturelles, en particulier les ressources hydrologiques des zones cotonnières du Bénin. Cette étude vise à analyser les pratiques de gestion des pesticides chimiques agricoles à l’échelle « paysan » afin de comparer ces pratiques aux normes recommandées. Les données analysées ont été collectées dans la commune de Gogounou auprès de cent cinquante (150) producteurs tous répartis dans six (6) villages. Il ressort de nos investigations que les matières actives des pesticides les plus utilisées dans le bassin cotonnier du Bénin sont le glyphosate, l’atrazine, le flubendiamide, le spirotétramate et les pyréthrinoïdes (Emamectine, Cyfluthrine, Cyperméthrine, Betacyfluthrine). Une faible proportion des insecticides est commercialisée par le circuit informel (09 %) contrairement aux insecticides dont la majorité (60 %) provient de ce circuit. De même, les pesticides non autorisés proviennent en majorité du circuit informel (93,9 % des herbicides et 21,5 % des insecticides). La majorité des producteurs (90,3 %) utilise en moyenne 3,4 flacons de Tihan par hectare (soit 0,34 litre par hectare) de plus que la moyenne recommandée. De plus, les doses de pesticides utilisées par hectare augmentent au fur et à mesure que les champs sont proches des points d’eau. La gestion et l’utilisation très peu rigoureuses des pesticides constatés dans cette zone pourraient constituer une menace pour le maintien de la biodiversité et de la productivité des écosystèmes naturels, de la qualité sanitaire des produits halieutiques et de la santé des producteurs et des consommateurs. Face à ce constat, le défit de la recherche serait la détermination du niveau actuel de contamination des eaux du bassin et celui de l’État serait l’initiation de programmes de sensibilisation des producteurs par rapport à une gestion plus rigoureuse des pesticides.
Cross-sectional study of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy and risk of adhd among a nationally-representative sample of children
Authors: Derauf Chris , Pandey Diana , Liesinger Juliette T. , Ryu Euijung , Ziegenfuss Jeanette Y. , Juhn Young 
Published: November 2015

Objectives: The development and severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to a number of psychosocial risk factors. Research has shown that the amount of social capital in a community influences the physical and mental health of community members. We assessed the independent role of perceived neighborhood context, including physical and socioeconomic characteristics, and collective efficacy, a form of social capital, on ADHD prevalence. Methods: Cross-sectional study utilizing the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health, a nationally representative dataset. The population of interest was children between the ages of four and seventeen living in randomly selected households. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association between indices of perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy (study exposures) on risk of ADHD (outcome), controlling for pertinent individual and family risk factors.Results: 9.8 percent of children in the US (ages 4‐17) had ADHD as reported by their caregiver. In multivariate analysis, white race, male gender, increased geographic mobility, exposure to household smoke, exposure to > 2 hours/day TV, and maternal mental illness increased the odds of ADHD, while a two‐parent household reduced the odds. The highest level of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy was associated with reduced risk of ADHD compared to lower levels of perceived collective efficacy (adjusted OR: 0.785; 95% CI: 0.650-0.946; p=.011). Perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and built environment were not associated with ADHD risk.Results: Nine percent of children in the US (ages 4-17 ) had ADHD as reported by their caregiver. Univariately, all 3 neighborhood characteristics were associated with risk of ADHD (p-value =.01, .04, and .0002 for socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy, respectively). After accounting for well-established risk factors for ADHD, perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and built environment were no longer associated with ADHD, while collective efficacy remained significant (p=.0002). Lower level of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy was associated with increased risk of ADHD (OR: 1.7; 95\% CI: 1.3-2.2, comparing the lowest with the highest level).Conclusions: Our study suggests that perceived neighborhood collective efficacy may buffer the impact of individual-and family-level risk factors for ADHD in children.
Kink Multi-soliton Solutions for the (2+1)-Dimensional Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff Equation
Authors: Deng Xichao , Xu Zhenhui , Chen Hanlin 
Published: November 2015

In this work, (2+1)-dimensional Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation, which cann't be converted to a complete form of Hirota's bilinear operator, is considered. By using modification of extended homoclinic test approach new kink breather soliton and kink multi-solitons solutions are obtained and exhibited, respectively.
Irregularity Strength of Corona Product of a Graph with Star Graph
Authors: Kumar K R Santhosh 
Published: November 2015

If positive weights are assigned to the edges of a graph $G$, then degree of a vertex is the sum of the weights of edges that are incident to the vertex. A graph with weighted edges is said to be irregular if the degrees of the vertices are distinct. The irregularity strength of a graph is the smallest $s$ such that the edges can be weighted with $\{1,2,3, \cdots, s\}$ and be irregular. This notion was defined by Chartrand et al. (G Chartrand, M. S. Jacobson, J. Lehel, O. R. Ollerman, S. Ruiz \&amp; Saba. 1988). In this paper, we discuss the irregularity strength of corona product of a graph with star graph $K_{1,n}$. We obtain a sufficient condition on the minimum degree of a graph $H$ which determines the irregularity strength of a graph $H$ having $p$ vertices with the star graph $K_{1,n}$.
La evaluación en educación primaria como punto de partida para el desarrollo de planes de mejora inclusivos en la Región de Murcia
Authors: Arnaiz Pilar , De Haro Remedios , Guirao Jose Manuel 
Published: November 2015

Mejorar día a día con la finalidad de conseguir una educación de calidad e inclusiva es el desafío presente en la institución educativa. Precisamente, en aras de promover la educación que queremos, debemos determinar la brecha existente entre las prácticas y los ideales. La evaluación se convierte en una herramienta imprescindible para poder conocer donde nos encontramos y qué deberíamos cambiar para alcanzar nuestros fines. En este trabajo presentamos el proceso de autoevaluación llevado a cabo por cuatro centros de Educación Infantil y Primaria de la Región de Murcia con el deseo de conocer su realidad para cambiarla, mejorarla y fomentar la Inclusión en ellas. El instrumento utilizado ha sido la Guía de Autoevaluación de Centros para la Atención a la Diversidad desde la Inclusión (ACADI), en concreto la dimensión referida al Proceso Educativo. Su utilización ha permitido a las cuatro escuelas realizar un diagnóstico de la realidad presente en cada institución, e identificar las fortalezas y las debilidades existentes en los mismos con el fin de promover una educación para todos. El método utilizado consistió en una investigación evaluativa con carácter cooperativo, en la que se llevaron a cabo procesos de reflexión colegiados sobre la propia realidad y práctica, realizados desde el interior de la institución educativa por sus protagonistas. Los resultados del conjunto de los centros destacan como fortalezas la planificación y organización de la enseñanza, el respeto a los estilos de aprendizaje del alumnado y la evaluación tolerante. Las principales debilidades radican en la organización de la acción tutorial, el respeto a los ritmos y características individuales del alumnado, las relaciones centro-contexto-social y la implicación activa del alumnado en su propio aprendizaje. Se puede concluir indicando que conocer las posibilidades y las dificultades presentes en los centros es el primer paso a acometer para promover escuelas inclusivas
Effects of acute levodopa challenge on resting cerebral blood flow in Parkinson’s Disease patients assessed using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling
Authors: Chen Yufen , Pressman Peter , Simuni Tanya , Parrish Todd B. , Gitelman Darren R. 
Published: November 2015

Introduction.Levodopa is the gold-standard for treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) related motor symptoms. In this study, we used pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) to quantify changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) after acute oral administration of levodopa in PD patients.Materials and Methods.Thirteen patients (3 females, age 66.2 ± 8.7 years) with moderately advanced PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage >2 (median 2.5), disease duration >3 years) were scanned on a 3T Siemens MR scanner before and after oral levodopa administration. Statistical parametric mapping was used to detect drug-induced changes in CBF and its correlation to clinical severity scales. Images were normalized and flipped in order to examine effects on the more affected (left) and less affected (right) cerebral hemispheres across the cohort.Results.Levodopa did not change global CBF but increased regional CBF in dorsal midbrain, precuneus/cuneus, more affected inferior frontal pars opercularis and triangularis, bilateral pre- and postcentral gyri, more affected inferior parietal areas, as well as less affected putamen/globus pallidus by 27–74% (p< 0.05, FWE corrected for multiple comparisons). CBF change was negatively correlated with improvement in bradykinesia UPDRS-III subscore in the more affected precentral gyrus, and total predrug UPDRS-III score in the mid-cingulate region. Drug-induced CBF change in a widespread network of regions including parietal and postcentral areas was also negatively correlated with the predrug rigidity UPDRS-III subscore.Conclusion.These findings are in line with prior reports of abnormal activity in the nigrostriatal pathway of PD patients and demonstrate the feasibility of pCASL as a neuroimaging tool for investigatingin vivophysiological effects of acute drug administration in PD.
Evaluation of historical and future simulations of precipitation and temperature in central Africa from CMIP5 climate models
Authors: Aloysius Noel R. , Sheffield Justin , Saiers James E. , Li Haibin , Wood Eric F. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGlobal and regional climate change assessments rely heavily on the general circulation model (GCM) outputs such as provided by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). Here we evaluate the ability of 25 CMIP5 GCMs to simulate historical precipitation and temperature over central Africa and assess their future projections in the context of historical performance and intermodel and future emission scenario uncertainties. We then apply a statistical bias correction technique to the monthly climate fields and develop monthly downscaled fields for the period of 1948–2099. The bias‐corrected and downscaled data set is constructed by combining a suite of global observation and reanalysis‐based data sets, with the monthly GCM outputs for the 20th century, and 21st century projections for the medium mitigation (representative concentration pathway (RCP)45) and high emission (RCP85) scenarios. Overall, the CMIP5 models simulate temperature better than precipitation, but substantial spatial heterogeneity exists. Many models show limited skill in simulating the seasonality, spatial patterns, and magnitude of precipitation. Temperature projections by the end of the 21st century (2070–2099) show a robust warming between 2 and 4°C across models, whereas precipitation projections vary across models in the sign and magnitude of change (−9% to 27%). Projected increase in precipitation for a subset of models (single model ensemble (SME)) identified based on performance metrics and causal mechanisms are slightly higher compared to the full multimodel ensemble (MME) mean; however, temperature projections are similar between the two ensemble means. For the near‐term (2021–2050), neither the historical performance nor choice of models is related to the precipitation projections, indicating that natural variability dominated any signal. With fewer models, the “blind” MME approach will have larger uncertainties in future precipitation projections compared to projections by the SME models. We propose the latter a better approach in regions that lack quality climate observations. Our analyses also show that the choice of model and emission scenario dominate the uncertainty in precipitation projections, whereas the emission scenario dominates the temperature projections. Although our analyses are done for central Africa, the final Bias‐Corrected Spatially Downscaled data set is available for global land areas. The framework for climate change assessment and the data will be useful for a variety of climate assessment, impact, and adaptation studies.
Interannual variations in atmospheric mass over liquid water oceans, continents, and sea‐ice‐covered arctic regions and their possible impacts on the boreal winter climate
Authors: Guan Zhaoyong , Zhang Qian , Li Minggang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUsing reanalysis data from National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research, ERA‐interim, and Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature for the period of 1979–2012, the variations in atmospheric mass (AM) over liquid water oceans, continents, and sea‐ice‐covered Arctic regions during boreal winter are investigated. It is found that AM may migrate in a compensatory manner among these three types of surfaces on interannual time scales. There are two pairs of strong antiphase relations. One lies in a zonal orientation between the Eurasian continent and the midlatitude Pacific (referred to as Eurasian continent/Pacific antiphase relation) and exhibits a teleconnection pattern characterized by two strong correlation centers, one over Eurasia and one over the North Pacific. The other antiphase AM relation, referred to as ocean/ice‐covered Arctic antiphase relation (OIAR), exhibits a meridional orientation between the ice‐covered Arctic and liquid water oceans, including the Atlantic and Pacific. In the context of the OIAR, two teleconnection patterns are observed. One features three strong correlation centers, one each over the Mediterranean, Arctic, and North Pacific, and corresponds to AM fluctuations over liquid water oceans. The other is characterized by three strong correlation centers over the Mediterranean, the Arctic, and East Asia, and corresponds to AM fluctuations over the ice‐covered Arctic. These teleconnections are the results of thermal contrasts among the three types of surfaces. Rossby waves and vertical circulations play important roles in the formation of these teleconnections. Interestingly, these teleconnections may have significant and widespread influences on the winter climate in the Northern Hemisphere, especially in regions near the Mediterranean, the northern Eurasia, parts of North America, and East Asia.
Time and space correlation between sprites and their parent lightning flashes for a thunderstorm observed during the HyMeX campaign
Authors: Soula S. , Defer E. , Füllekrug M. , van der Velde O. , Montanya J. , Bousquet O. , Mlynarczyk J. , Coquillat S. , Pinty J.‐P. , Rison W. , Krehbiel P.R. , Thomas R. , Pedeboy S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDuring the night of 22–23 October 2012, together with the Hydrology cycle in the Mediterranean eXperiment (HyMeX) Special Observation Period 1 campaign, optical observations of sprite events were performed above a leading stratiform Mesoscale Convective System in southeastern France. The total lightning activity of the storm was monitored in three dimensions with the HyMeX Lightning Mapping Array. Broadband Extremely Low Frequency/Very Low Frequency records and radar observations allowed characterizing the flashes and the regions of the cloud where they propagated. Twelve sprite events occurred over the stratiform region, during the last third of the lightning activity period, and well after the coldest satellite‐based cloud top temperature (−62°C) and the maximum total lightning flash rate (11 min−1). The sprite‐producing positive cloud‐to‐ground (SP + CG) strokes exhibit peak current from 14 to 247 kA, Charge Moment Changes (CMC) from 625 to 3086 C km, and Impulsive CMC (iCMC) between 242 and 1525 C km. The +CG flashes that do not trigger sprites are initiated outside the main convective core, have much lower CMC values, and in average, shorter durations, lower peak currents, and shorter distances of propagation. The CMC appears to be the best sprite predictor. The delay between the parent stroke and the sprite allows classifying the events as short delayed (<20 ms) and long delayed (>20 ms). All long‐delayed sprites, i.e., most of the time carrot sprites, are produced by SP + CG strokes with low iCMC values. All SP + CG flashes initiate close to the convective core and generate leaders in opposite directions. Negative leaders finally propagate toward lower altitudes, within the stratiform region that coincides with the projected location of the sprite elements.
Real‐time prediction of the occurrence and intensity of the first hours of >100 MeV solar energetic proton events
Authors: Núñez Marlon 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA new model for predicting the occurrence of >100 MeV solar energetic proton (SEP) events and the first hours of the >100 MeV integral proton flux is presented. This model uses a novel approach based on the lag correlation between strong positive derivatives of X‐ray flux and proton flux. The new model has been validated with data from January 1994 to September 2013, obtaining a probability of detection of all >100 MeV SEP events of 80.85%, a false alarm ratio of 29.62%, and an average warning time of 1 h and 6 min. The model identifies the associated flare and active region. Currently, there is no other automatic empirical or physics‐based system able to predict SEP events of energies in the interval of 100 MeV to ~430 MeV (lower GLE cutoff according to Clem and Dorman (2000)). This paper also proposes the combined use of the new prediction model and the existing one for predicting >10 MeV SEP events. The combined SEP prediction models have been developed to improve mitigation of adverse effects on near‐Earth and interplanetary missions.