bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of human papillomavirus in esophageal papillomas: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Syrjänen Kari , Syrjänen Stina 
Published: September 2012

Since first suggested (in 1982), etiological role for human papillomavirus (HPV) in esophageal papillomas has aroused increasing interest. The objective of this study was to perform systematic review and formal meta‐analysis of the literature reporting on HPV detection in esophageal squamous cell papillomas (ESCP). Literature was searched through May 2012. The effect size was calculated as event rates (95% CI), with homogeneity testing using Cochran's Q and I2 statistics. Meta‐regression was used to test the impact of study‐level covariates (HPV detection method, geographic origin) on effect size, and potential publication bias was estimated using funnel plot symmetry. Thirty nine studies were eligible, covering 427 ESCPs from different geographic regions. Altogether, 132 (30.9%) cases tested HPV positive; effect size 0.375 (95% CI 0.319–0.434) using the fixed‐effects (FE) model and 0.412 (95% CI 0.295–0.540) using the random‐effects model. In meta‐analysis stratified by (i) HPV detection technique and (ii) geographic study origin, the between‐study heterogeneity was not significant (p = 0.071 and p = 0.105, respectively). In meta‐regression, HPV detection method (p = 0.260) and geographic origin (p = 0.436) were not significant study‐level covariates accounting for the heterogeneity in HPV prevalence. Some evidence for publication bias was found only for PCR‐based studies, with a marginal impact on summary effect size estimates. In sensitivity analysis, all meta‐analytic results were robust to all one‐by‐one study removals. In stratified meta‐analysis and formal meta‐regression, the variability in HPV detection rates in ESCPs is not explained by the HPV detection method or geographic origin of the study.
Telomere shortening distinguishes inverted urothelial neoplasms
Authors: Williamson Sean R , Zhang Shaobo , Lopez‐Beltran Antonio , Montironi Rodolfo , Wang Mingsheng , Cheng Liang 
Published: September 2012

AimsTo investigate relative telomere length in inverted urothelial neoplasms, including inverted papilloma and urothelial carcinoma with an inverted growth pattern. Telomere shortening has been implicated as an early event in the development of epithelial malignancies in a number of organ systems.Methods and resultsFormalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections from 77 cases were studied, including 26 cases of inverted papilloma, 26 urothelial carcinomas with inverted growth, and 25 cases of cystitis glandularis. Quantitative fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on interphase nuclei, utilizing a telomere‐specific peptide nucleic acid probe to assess telomeric signal intensity. Relative telomere lengths for urothelial carcinoma with inverted growth, cystitis glandularis and inverted papilloma were 29%, 84%, and 91%, respectively. A statistically significant reduction in relative telomere length was present between urothelial carcinoma with inverted growth and inverted papilloma (P < 0.001); no significant difference was detected between normal urothelium, cystitis glandularis, and inverted papilloma.ConclusionsSignificant telomere shortening in urothelial carcinoma with inverted growth as compared with inverted papilloma distinguishes the two lesions, and supports the notion that inverted papilloma is a benign neoplasm with a distinct pathogenetic mechanism of development. Telomeric FISH analysis may be a useful biomarker in distinguishing inverted papilloma from urothelial carcinoma with inverted growth.
Peritumoral hyperplasia of the liver: a response to portal vein invasion by hypervascular neoplasms
Authors: Arnason Thomas , Fleming Kirsten E , Wanless Ian R 
Published: September 2012

AimsSeveral cases of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) or similar hyperplastic lesions have been reported adjacent to hepatic neoplasms, including hepatocellular carcinoma, epithelioid haemangioendothelioma and hepatoblastoma. We refer to this hyperplastic response as peritumoral hyperplasia (PTH). Here, we report eight cases of PTH adjacent to primary hepatocellular carcinomas (two) and metastatic neuroendocrine tumours (three), gastrointestinal stromal tumour (one) and colon carcinomas (two).Methods and resultsSections were stained with H&E and trichrome, and for glutamine synthetase, CD34 and cytokeratin 7. PTH was composed of a peritumoral rim of hyperplastic hepatocytes up to 7.0 mm wide, delimited by adjacent hepatocellular atrophy. PTH had altered plate architecture, strong glutamine synthetase expression and variable sinusoidal endothelial cell CD34 expression. The central tumour deposit typically invaded portal veins and was markedly hypervascular with CD34‐positive capillaries.ConclusionsWe suggest that PTH is a hyperplastic response to increased blood flow in the peritumoral parenchyma. The increased flow occurs when portal vein invasion by a hypervascular tumour causes arterio‐portal shunting. While PTH shares some morphological features with FNH, it lacks the defining nodular architecture, central scar and bile ductules. PTH may be related pathophysiologically to FNH, but should be classified as a separate entity because of its distinct morphology and peritumoral location.
Effects of natural mating and CO2 narcosis on biogenic amine receptor gene expression in the ovaries and brain of queen honey bees, Apis mellifera
Authors: Vergoz Vanina , Lim Julianne , Duncan Michael , Cabanes Guénaël , Oldroyd Benjamin P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA queen honey bee mates at ∼6 days of age, storing the sperm in her spermatheca for life. Mating is associated with profound changes in the behaviour and physiology of the queen but the mechanisms underlying these changes are poorly understood. What is known is that the presence of semen in the oviducts and spermatheca is insufficient to initiate laying, and that copulation or CO2 narcosis is necessary for ovary activation. In this study we use real‐time quantitative PCR to investigate the expression of biogenic amine receptor genes in the brain and ovarian tissue of queens in relation to their reproductive status. We show that dopamine, octopamine and serotonin receptor genes are expressed in the ovaries of queens, and that natural mating, CO2 narcosis, and the presence of semen in the spermatheca differentially affect their expression. We suggest that these changes may be central to the hormonal cascades that are necessary to initiate oogenesis.
Recombinant hybrids retain heterozygosity at many loci: new insights into the genomics of reproductive isolation inPopulus
Authors: Lindtke Dorothea , Buerkle C. A. , Barbará Thelma , Heinze Berthold , Castiglione Stefano , Bartha Denes , Lexer Christian 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe maintenance of species barriers in the face of gene flow is often thought to result from strong selection against intermediate genotypes, thereby preserving genetic differentiation. Most speciation genomic studies thus aim to identify exceptionally divergent loci between populations, but divergence will be affected by many processes other than reproductive isolation (RI) and speciation. Through genomic studies of recombinant hybrids sampled in the wild, genetic variation associated withRIcan be observedin situ, because selection against incompatible genotypes will leave detectable patterns of variation in the hybrid genomes. To better understand the mechanisms directly involved inRI, we investigated three natural ‘replicate’ hybrid zones between two divergentPopulusspecies via locus‐specific patterns of ancestry across recombinant hybrid genomes. As expected, genomic patterns in hybrids and their parental species were consistent with the presence of underdominant selection at several genomic regions. Surprisingly, many loci displayed greatly increased between‐species heterozygosity in recombinant hybrids despite striking genetic differentiation between the parental genomes, the opposite of what would be expected with selection against intermediate genotypes. Only a limited, reproducible set of genotypic combinations was present in hybrid genomes across localities. In the absence of clearly delimited ‘hybrid habitats’, our results suggest that complex epistatic interactions within genomes play an important role in advanced stages ofRIbetween these ecologically divergent forest trees. This calls for more genomic studies that test for unusual patterns of genomic ancestry in hybridizing species.
Testing hypotheses for genealogical discordance in a rainforest lizard
Authors: Singhal Sonal , Moritz Craig 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGenealogical discordance, or when different genes tell distinct stories although they evolved under a shared history, often emerges from either coalescent stochasticity or introgression. In this study, we present a strong case of mito‐nuclear genealogical discordance in the Australian rainforest lizard species complex of Saproscincus basiliscus and S. lewisi. One of the lineages that comprises this complex, the Southern S. basiliscus lineage, is deeply divergent at the mitochondrial genome but shows markedly less divergence at the nuclear genome. By placing our results in a comparative context and reconstructing the lineages' demography via multilocus and coalescent‐based approximate Bayesian computation methods, we test hypotheses for how coalescent variance and introgression contribute to this pattern. These analyses suggest that the observed genealogical discordance likely results from introgression. Further, to generate such strong discordance, introgression probably acted in concert with other factors promoting asymmetric gene flow between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, such as selection or sex‐biased dispersal. This study offers a framework for testing sources of genealogical discordance and suggests that historical introgression can be an important force shaping the genetic diversity of species and their populations.
Differential effects of landscape‐level environmental features on genetic structure in three codistributed tree species in Central America
Authors: Poelchau Monica F. , Hamrick J. L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLandscape genetic studies use spatially explicit population genetic information to determine the physical and environmental causes of population genetic structure on regional scales. Comparative studies that identify common barriers to gene flow across multiple species within a community are important to both understand the evolutionary trajectories of populations and prioritize habitat conservation. Here, we use a comparative landscape genetic approach to ask whether gradients in temperature or precipitation seasonality structure genetic variation across three codistributed tree species in Central America, or whether a simpler (geographic distance) or more complex, species‐specific environmental niche model is necessary to individually explain population genetic structure. Using descriptive statistics and causal modelling, we find that different factors best explain genetic distance in each of the three species: environmental niche distance in Bursera simaruba, geographic distance in Ficus insipida and historical barriers to gene flow or cryptic reproductive barriers for Brosimum alicastrum. This study confirms suggestions from previous studies of Central American tree species that imply that population genetic structure of trees in this region is determined by complex interactions of both historical and current barriers to gene flow.
Chronic alcohol‐induced hepatic insulin resistance and endoplasmic reticulum stress ameliorated by peroxisome‐proliferator activated receptor‐δ agonist treatment
Authors: Ramirez Teresa , Tong Ming , Chen William Cy , Nguyen Quynh‐Giao , Wands Jack R , de la Monte Suzanne M 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground and AimChronic alcoholic liver disease is associated with hepatic insulin resistance, dysregulated lipid metabolism with increased toxic lipid (ceramide) accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Peroxisome‐proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) agonists are insulin sensitizers that can restore hepatic insulin responsiveness in both alcohol and non‐alcohol‐related steatohepatitis. Herein, we demonstrate that treatment with a PPAR‐δ agonist enhances insulin signaling and reduces the severities of ER stress and ceramide accumulation in an experimental model of ethanol‐induced steatohepatitis.MethodsAdult male Long Evans rats were pair fed with isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% or 37% ethanol (caloric) for 8 weeks. After 3 weeks on the diets, rats were treated with vehicle or PPAR‐δ agonist twice weekly by i.p. injection.ResultsEthanol‐fed rats developed steatohepatitis with inhibition of signaling through the insulin and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptors, and Akt activated pathways. Despite continued ethanol exposure, PPAR‐δ agonist co‐treatments increased Akt activation, reduced multiple molecular indices of ER stress and steatohepatitis.ConclusionsThese results suggest that PPAR‐δ agonist rescue of chronic alcoholic liver disease is mediated by enhancement of insulin signaling through Akt/metabolic pathways that reduce lipotoxicity and ER stress.
Lactase persistence/non‐persistence genetic variants in irritable bowel syndrome in an endemic area for lactose malabsorption
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Ranjan Prabhat , Mittal Balraj , Singh Rajan , Ghoshal Uday C 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground and AimLactase non‐persistence is common in India. We evaluated: (i) frequency of lactase gene (C/T‐13910 and G/A‐22018) polymorphisms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and healthy controls (HC), (ii) association between these polymorphisms and IBS‐subtypes and symptoms.MethodsA total of 150 IBS patients (Rome‐III criteria) and 252 age and gender‐matched HC were evaluated for C/T‐13910 and G/A‐22018 genotypes using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP).ResultsTotals of 79 (52%), 52 (35%) and 19 (13%) patients had diarrhea‐predominant IBS (D‐IBS), constipation predominant IBS (C‐IBS) and alternating diarrhea and constipation IBS (A‐IBS), respectively (Rome‐III). Frequency of C/T‐13910 [genotypes: CC 102 (68%), CT 43 (29%), TT 5 (3%) vs CC 155 (61%), CT 83 (33%), TT 14 (6%), P > 0.05] and G/A‐22018 [GG 97 (65%), GA 41 (27%), AA 12 (8%) vs GG 154 (61%), GA 78 (31%), AA 20 (8%), P > 0.05] were similar among IBS and HC. Patients with D‐IBS more often had C/T‐13910 and G/A‐22018 genotypes than C‐IBS (CC 71 [90%], CT 6 [8%], TT 2 [2%]) versus (24 [46%], 25 [48%], 3 [6%]), A‐IBS (7 [39%], 12 [63%], 0, [0%]) and HC (155 [61%], 83 [33%], 14 [6%]), P < 0.0001 and (GG 69 [87%], GA 6 [8%], AA 4 [5%]) vs (22 [42%], 24 [46%], 6 [12%]) vs (6 [32%], 11 [58%], 2 [10%]), P < 0.0001. IBS with CC and GG genotypes more often had abdominal pain (P = 0.005), distension (P = 0.031) and higher stool frequency (P = 0.003) and reported symptoms following dairy products than non‐CC (P < 0.0001).ConclusionThough C/T‐13910 and G/A‐22018 polymorphisms were comparable among IBS and HC, these were more common among D‐IBS and reported some symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating and exacerbation by dairy products.
Risk of subsequent biliary malignancy in patients undergoing cyst excision for congenital choledochal cysts
Authors: Ohashi Taku , Wakai Toshifumi , Kubota Masayuki , Matsuda Yasunobu , Arai Yuhki , Ohyama Toshiyuki , Nakaya Kengo , Okuyama Naoki , Sakata Jun , Shirai Yoshio , Ajioka Yoichi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground and AimThe aim of this study was to elucidate the risk of subsequent biliary malignancy in patients undergoing cyst excision for congenital choledochal cysts.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 94 patients who had undergone cyst excision for congenital choledochal cysts was conducted. The median age at the time of cyst excision and median follow‐up time after cyst excision were 7 years and 181 months, respectively.ResultsBiliary tract cancer developed in four patients at 13, 15, 23, and 32 years after cyst excision. The cumulative incidences of biliary tract cancer at 15, 20, and 25 years after cyst excision were 1.6%, 3.9%, and 11.3%, respectively. The sites of biliary tract cancer were the intrahepatic (n = 2), hilar (n = 1), and intrapancreatic (n = 1) bile ducts. Of the four patients with biliary tract cancer after cyst excision, three patients underwent surgical resection and one patient received chemo‐radiotherapy. The overall cumulative survival rates after treatment in the four patients with biliary tract cancer were 50% at 2 years and 25% at 3 years, with a median survival time of 15 months.ConclusionsThe risk of subsequent biliary malignancy in patients undergoing cyst excision for congenital choledochal cysts seems to be relatively high in the long‐term. The risk of biliary malignancy in the remnant bile duct increases more than 15 years after cyst excision. Despite an aggressive treatment approach for this condition, subsequent biliary malignancy following cyst excision for congenital choledochal cysts shows an unfavorable outcome.
Characteristics of esophageal proper muscle in patients with non‐cardiac chest pain using high‐frequency intraluminal ultrasound
Authors: Kim Jeong Hwan , Choi Yong Sung , Kim Jae J , Rhee Jong Chul , Rhee Poong‐Lyul 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground and AimIt is unclear which mechanisms play a predominant role in the pathogenesis of esophageal non‐cardiac chest pain (NCCP). We aimed to examine the features of esophageal proper muscle and esophageal contractility using a high‐frequency intraluminal ultrasound (HFIUS) in patients with NCCP.MethodsA total of 68 patients with NCCP were classified into two groups according to the results of typical reflux symptoms and/or esophagogastroduodenoscopy and/or 24‐h esophageal pH monitoring: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)‐positive NCCP (n = 34) and GERD‐negative NCCP groups (n = 34). Additionally 16 asymptomatic healthy subjects were included as controls. Using HFIUS, we analyzed the esophageal proper muscle thickness and cross‐sectional area (CSA) at 3 cm above lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and 9 cm above LES during baseline rest and peak contraction periods among the control, GERD‐positive NCCP and GERD‐negative NCCP groups, and examined the completeness of three phases of esophageal action during five wet swallows in the three groups.ResultsThe muscle thickness and CSA tended to be larger in GERD‐negative NCCP than in GERD‐positive NCCP and in control groups at esophageal body during both periods. All of the controls and patients with GERD‐positive NCCP presented the complete peristaltic type. Whereas, 11 of 34 patients with GERD‐negative NCCP presented the incomplete peristaltic type.ConclusionsUsing HFIUS, patients with GERD‐negative NCCP had increased muscle thickness and CSA. Some GERD‐negative NCCP had the incomplete peristaltic type.
Attenuation of hepatic fibrosis by an imidazolium salt in thioacetamide‐induced mouse model
Authors: Ding Zhaobing , Zhuo Lang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground and AimHepatic fibrosis is a worldwide healthy burden associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is caused by a variety of chronic liver injuries. There is currently no effective treatment for liver fibrosis. In this report, we tested an imidazolium salt, 1,3‐diisopropylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (DPIM), for its anti‐fibrotic properties in the thioacetamide‐induced mouse model.MethodsDPIM was orally delivered to the thioacetamide‐treated mice via drinking water for 12 weeks at the onset of thioacetamide treatment at a concentration of 0.1% (prevention group), and for 4 weeks starting at the 8th week at a concentration of 0.1% or 0.2% (attenuation group), respectively. Messenger RNA and protein were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities were measured by fluorogenic peptide substrate and zymography. Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K inhibitors were applied in HSC‐T6 cells in combination of DPIM to probe possible signal pathways underlying the compound's action.ResultsWe observed a significant reduction in collagen deposition in both prevention and attenuation groups. The α‐smooth muscle actin (SMA) and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β gene expressions were also reduced in both groups. The reduction of collagen deposition could be in part attributed to the suppression of CCR‐2 expression and the enhanced matrix protein remodeling by metalloproteinases, especially MMP‐3. MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways may be partially participated in DPIM's molecular action.ConclusionDPIM reduced fibrosis in the thioacetamide‐induced mouse liver fibrosis model, and warranted further studies for possible clinical application in the future.
Impact of long‐term treatment with low‐dose inhaled corticosteroids on the bone mineral density of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: Aggravating or beneficial?
Authors: MATHIOUDAKIS ALEXANDROS G. , AMANETOPOULOU STAVROULA G. , GIALMANIDIS IOANNIS P. , CHATZIMAVRIDOU‐GRIGORIADOU VICTORIA , SIASOS GERASIMOS , EVANGELOPOULOU EFSTATHIA , MATHIOUDAKIS GEORGIOS A. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a low‐level systemic chronic inflammatory activity that is responsible for many of the disease's extra‐pulmonary manifestations, including osteoporosis and fragility fractures. These manifestations are also well‐documented side‐effects of oral corticosteroids. It was hypothesized that low levels of inhaled corticosteroids, due to their anti‐inflammatory properties and their low circulating levels, might preserve the bone mineral density (BMD) of COPD patients.Methods:  Two hundred and fifty‐one male ex‐smokers with COPD patients grouped on the basis of their diffusion capacity value as predominantly bronchitic or predominantly emphysematic and 313 male controls with similar age and smoking history were enrolled in the study. Each of the patient's categories was randomized into two separate subgroups. Patients enrolled in subgroups Bneg(n = 91, 36%) and Eneg(n = 37, 14.7%) were treated with long‐acting β2‐agonists and anticholinergics, while subgroups BICS(n = 87, 35%) and EICS(n = 38, 15.1%) were additionally receiving low‐dose inhaled corticosteroids. Patients and controls were evaluated by clinical examination, lung function testing and BMD measurement every 6 months for 4 years.Results:  According to the findings, emphysematic patients demonstrated an increased rate of BMD loss compared with bronchitic patients (P = 0.01). Furthermore, a reduction of the annual BMD loss in bronchitic patients on inhaled corticosteroids (P = 0.02) was measured, without a corresponding benefit for the emphysematics (P = not significant).Conclusions:  Long‐term administration of low‐dose inhaled corticosteroids decelerates the annual BMD loss in bronchitic patients, possibly by reducing both pulmonary and systemic chronic inflammation caused by COPD.