bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Income differences in time to colon cancer diagnosis
Authors: Davis Laura E. , Strumpf Erin C. , Patel Sunil V. , Mahar Alyson L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionPeople with low income have worse outcomes throughout the cancer care continuum; however, little is known about income and the diagnostic interval. We described diagnostic pathways by neighborhood income and investigated the association between income and the diagnostic interval.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of colon cancer patients diagnosed 2007–2019 in Ontario using routinely collected data. The diagnostic interval was defined as the number of days from the first colon cancer encounter to diagnosis. Asymptomatic pathways were defined as first encounter with a colonoscopy or guaiac fecal occult blood test not occurring in the emergency department and were examined separately from symptomatic pathways. Quantile regression was used to determine the association between neighborhood income quintile and the conditional 50th and 90th percentile diagnostic interval controlling for age, sex, rural residence, and year of diagnosis.ResultsA total of 64,303 colon cancer patients were included. Patients residing in the lowest income neighborhoods were more likely to be diagnosed through symptomatic pathways and in the emergency department. Living in low‐income neighborhoods was associated with longer 50th and 90th‐percentile symptomatic diagnostic intervals compared to patients living in the highest income neighborhoods. For example, the 90th percentile diagnostic interval was 15 days (95% CI 6–23) longer in patients living in the lowest income neighborhoods compared to the highest.ConclusionThese findings reveal income inequities during the diagnostic phase of colon cancer. Future work should determine pathways to reducing inequalities along the diagnostic interval and evaluate screening and diagnostic assessment programs from an equity perspective.
Participant factors associated with psychosocial impacts of lung cancer screening: A systematic review
Authors: McFadden Kathleen , Nickel Brooke , Rankin Nicole M. , Li Tong , Jennett Chloe J. , Sharman Ashleigh , Quaife Samantha L. , Houssami Nehmat , Dodd Rachael H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPsychosocial impacts of lung cancer screening (LCS) can cause both harm to individuals and serve as barriers to screening participation and adherence. Early data suggest that the psychosocial impacts of LCS are moderated by certain factors (e.g. sociodemographic characteristics and beliefs), but evidence synthesis is lacking. This systematic review aimed to understand individual‐level risk factors for psychosocial burden during LCS as a precursor to developing strategies to identify and support participants, and improve LCS engagement.MethodsFour databases were searched for full‐text articles published in English reporting any association between participant factors and psychosocial outcomes experienced during LCS. Study quality was assessed by two independent investigators; findings were synthesised narratively. The review was pre‐registered with PROSPERO and adhered to PRISMA guidelines.ResultsThirty‐five articles were included; most (33/35) studies were assessed at high or moderate risk of bias. Study designs were pre‐post (n = 13), cross‐sectional (n = 13), qualitative (n = 8) and mixed‐methods (n = 1) and conducted primarily in the United States (n = 17). Psychological burden in LCS varied, and was often associated with younger age, female gender, current smoking status or increased smoking history, lower education, lower socio‐economic group, not being married or co‐habiting and experience with cancer. However, results were mixed, and non‐significant associations were also reported across all factors. Beliefs (e.g. fatalism, stigma and expectation of LDCT results) and comorbid psychological burden were also linked to psychosocial outcomes, but evidence was sparse. Associations between risk perception, other participant factors and other psychosocial outcomes was inconclusive, likely reflecting individual biases in risk conceptualisation.Conclusion(s)Several participant factors are consistently reported to be associated with psychosocial impacts of LCS, though study heterogeneity and high risk of bias necessitate more robust evaluation. Further research on how perceptions, beliefs and expectations can be used to improve psychosocial outcomes during LCS is needed.
Cardiovascular mortality in people with cancer compared to the general population: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ng Huah Shin , Meng Rosie , Marin Tania S. , Damarell Raechel A. , Buckley Elizabeth , Selvanayagam Joseph B. , Koczwara Bogda 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of non‐cancer death in cancer survivors, but the risk of CVD varies between cancers.ObjectivesTo synthesise available evidence on patterns and magnitude of CVD mortality risk.MethodsA systematic search of Medline (OVID), CINAHL and Scopus databases from 01‐January‐2000 to 16‐July‐2023 of studies of people with cancer, reporting CVD mortality in cancer population compared with a reference population (e.g. general population) as standardised mortality ratios (SMR). Meta‐analysis of SMRs across cancer and CVD types were pooled using a random‐effects model to allow for heterogeneity of the true effect size across studies.ResultsWe identified 136 studies from 16 countries. Sample sizes ranged from 157 to 7,529,481. The majority (n = 98; 72%) were conducted in the United States, followed by Europe (n = 22; 16%). The most common cancers studied were gastrointestinal (n = 34 studies), haematological (n = 31) and breast (n = 29). A total of 876 CVD SMRs were extracted across diverse CVD conditions. Of those, the majority (535; 61%) indicated an increased risk of CVD death (SMR >1), 109 (12%) a lower risk of CVD death (SMR <1) and 232 (27%) an equivalent risk (95% CI of SMR included 1) compared to the general population. The meta‐analysis of all reported SMRs showed an increased risk of CVD death (SMR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.40–1.72) in cancer survivors compared with the general population. The SMR varied between CVD conditions and ranged from 1.36 (95% CI = 1.29–1.44) for heart diseases to 1.56 (95% CI = 1.39–1.76) for cerebrovascular diseases. SMR varied across cancer types, ranging from 1.14 (95% CI = 1.04–1.25) for testicular/germ cell tumours to 2.82 (95% CI = 2.20–3.63) for brain/central nervous system tumours.ConclusionsCancer survivors are at increased risk of premature CVD mortality compared to the general population, but the risk varies by cancer type and CVD. Future research should focus on understanding mechanisms behind the increased CVD risk to develop appropriate interventions.
Potentially functional variants of ERRFI1 in hypoxia‐related genes predict survival of non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Wang Huilin , Liu Hongliang , Lu Guojun , Tang Xiaozhun , Luo Sheng , Du Mulong , Christiani David C. , Wei Qingyi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundHypoxia is often involved in tumor microenvironment, and the hypoxia‐induced signaling pathways play a key role in aggressive cancer phenotypes, including angiogenesis, immune evasion, and therapy resistance. However, it is unknown what role genetic variants in the hypoxia‐related genes play in survival of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsWe evaluated the associations between 16,092 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 182 hypoxia‐related genes and survival outcomes of NSCLC patients. Data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial were used as the discovery dataset, and the Harvard Lung Cancer Susceptibility (HLCS) Study served as the replication dataset. We also performed additional linkage disequilibrium analysis and a stepwise multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis in the PLCO dataset.ResultsAn independent SNP, ERRFI1 rs28624 A > C, was identified with an adjusted hazards ratio (HR) of 1.31 (95% CI = 1.14–1.51, p = 0.0001) for overall survival (OS). In further analyses, unfavorable genotypes AC and CC, compared with the AA genotype, were associated a worse OS (HR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.03–1.39, p = 0.014) and disease‐specific survival (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.04–1.42, p = 0.016). Further expression quantitative trait loci analysis indicated that ERRFI1 rs28624C genotypes were significantly associated with higher ERRFI1 mRNA expression levels in the whole blood. Additional analysis showed that high ERRFI1 mRNA expression levels were associated with a worse OS in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.ConclusionOur findings suggest that genetic variants in the hypoxia‐related gene ERRFI1 may modulate NSCLC survival, potentially through their effect on the gene expression.
Evaluation of the association between predictive factors and the development of immune‐related adverse events and prognostic factors for chemoimmunotherapy in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Ozawa Ryota , Sonehara Kei , Hachiya Tsutomu , Nozawa Shuhei , Agatsuma Toshihiko , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Kato Akane , Matsuo Akemi , Hirabayashi Taro , Araki Taisuke , Komatsu Masamichi , Tateishi Kazunari , Hanaoka Masayuki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionChemoimmunotherapy is widely used as the first‐line management of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in clinical settings. However, predictive factors associated with the development of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) and prognostic factors for NSCLC patients undergoing chemoimmunotherapy remains largely unexplored. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate predictive factors for irAE development and prognostic factors associated with chemoimmunotherapy in NSCLC patients.MethodsThis study enrolled 199 patients with advanced and recurrent NSCLC who underwent chemoimmunotherapy across eight institutions in Nagano prefecture from December 2018 to January 2023. We examined predictive factors associated with irAE development and prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS).ResultsAmong the patients, 106 experienced irAEs, while 93 patients did not. A total of 44 (22.1%) patients developed multiple irAEs. High serum albumin levels (Alb >3.5 g/dL) emerged as an independent predictive factor associated with irAE development in logistic regression analysis (odds ratio; 2.35, 95% confidence interval 1.27–4.34, p = 0.007). Furthermore, the development of multiple irAEs (p = 0.016), lower lactate dehydrogenase level (<223 U/L, p = 0.002), and decreased neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (<3, p = 0.049) were identified as independent favorable prognostic factors associated with OS in multivariate Cox hazard analyses.ConclusionThe study results suggest that high serum Alb is a predictive factor for irAE development and that the presence of multiple irAEs is a favorable prognostic indicator for NSCLC patients undergoing chemoimmunotherapy.
Survival improvements in esophageal and gastric cancers in the Nordic countries favor younger patients
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Zitricky Frantisek , Försti Asta , Hemminki Otto , Liska Vaclav , Hemminki Akseli 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEsophageal cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC) are fatal cancers with a relatively late age of onset. Age is a negative risk factor for survival in many cancers and our aim was to analyze age‐specific survival in EC and GC using the recently updated NORDCAN database. NORDCAN data originate from the Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, and Swedish nationwide cancer registries covering years 1972 through 2021 inviting for comparison of 50‐year survival trends between the countries. Relative 1‐ and 5‐year survival and 5/1‐year conditional survival (i.e., survival in those who were alive in Year 1 to survive additional 4 years) were analyzed. Survival in EC showed large gains for patients below age 80 years, 5‐year survival in Norwegian men reaching 30% and in women over 30% but for 80–89 year old survival remained at 10%. In contrast, hardly any gain was seen among the 80–89 year patients for 1‐year survival and small gains in 5 year and 5/1‐year survival. Survival gaps between age‐groups increased over time. For GC there was also a clear age‐related negative survival gradient but the survival gaps between the age groups did not widen over time; Norwegian male and female 5‐year survival for 80–89 year old was about 20%. The age‐specific survival difference in GC arose in Year 1 and did not essentially increase in 5‐year survival. While there were differences in survival improvements between the countries, poor survival of the 80–89 year old patients was shared by all of them. To conclude, survival has improved steadily in younger GC and EC patients in most Nordic countries. While the 80–89 year old population accounts for nearly a quarter of all patients and their poor survival depressed overall survival, which can therefore be increased further by improving diagnostics, treatment and care of elderly EC and GC patients.
The effectiveness of psychological interventions for people experiencing homelessness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bodley‐Scott Elizabeth , Ward Rebecca J. , Tarabay Jennifer , Fagbamigbe Adeniyi Francis , Barker Stephanie , Maguire Nick 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHomelessness is a complex social, economic and psychological issue, and compared with the general population, people experiencing homelessness suffer disproportionately from mental health and substance use issues. Evidence suggests that psychological interventions can improve the quality‐of‐life of people experiencing homelessness. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted on studies identified in five databases. Global studies published before July 2023 were included. A total of 35 studies were identified from 30 independent trials conducted in five countries. Outcomes were divided into six domains: substance use, mental health, psychological wellbeing, health behaviour, antisocial behaviour and social outcomes. A meta‐analysis was performed on data from 22 studies investigating outcomes of substance use, abstinence, anxiety, depression and PTSD. Evidence demonstrates the effectiveness of psychological interventions for a range of outcomes affecting people experiencing homelessness. Cognitive behaviour therapy and motivational interviewing were deemed particularly effective across a range of outcomes and were also considered a cost‐effective option. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Photoelectrocatalytic [4+2] Annulation for S‐Heterocycle Assembly Enabled by Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer (PCET)
Authors: Cheng Yuan‐Yuan , Xu Jiawei , Lin Zhipeng , Li Yanjun , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCross‐dehydrogenative couplings (CDC) present an efficient strategy for the assembly of biorelevant heterocycles, but are thus far largely limited to toxic transition metals and rather harsh reaction conditions. In sharp contrast, we, herein report on a mild photoelectrocatalyzed CDC‐[4+2] annulation enabling the synthesis of functionalized isothiochromenes enabled by a proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) strategy. The transformative photoelectrocatalysis obviated toxic transition‐metal, high reaction temperatures, and stoichiometric chemical redox reagents. This approach was characterized by exceedingly mild conditions, ample substrate scope, and a commercially available catalyst. Gram‐scale reactions and a telescoped synthesis route reflected the unique potential in the green synthesis of important S‐heterocycles.
Magnetic Chitosan/ZrO2 Composites for Vanadium(V) Adsorption while Concurrently being Transformed to a Dual Functional Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhi Fupeng , Hou Wei , Zhang Long , Huo Ting , Gu Rongqi , Fan Rong , Wang Xin , Ren Guopei , Wang Huizhu , Kong Weishuo , Ran Haifan , Jiang Feifei , Bian Ruiting , Wen Jiahang , Guo Lei , Jiao Zhongyi , Kang Guojian , Chen Zhenbin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSpent adsorbents for recycling as catalysts have drawn considerable attention due to their environmentally benign chemistry properties. However, traditional thermocatalytic strategies limit their applications. Here, we developed an enhanced photocatalytic strategy to expand the range of their applications. A magnetic chitosan/ZrO2 composites (MZT) for V(V) adsorption, which were prepared using chitosan, ZrO2 and Fe3O4 by one‐pot synthesis. The spent MZT as a catalyst was used to synthesize 2‐phenyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole, yielding up to 89.7 %. It also was implemented to photocatalysis reactions for recycle. The discolored rates of rhodamine B (RhB) were 72.3 % and 97.4 % by new and spent MZT, respectively. The new and spent MZT showed the forbidden bands were 251 nm and 561 nm, respectively. The result displayed spent MZT red shifted to the cyan light region. The mechanism of catalysis also has been studied in detail.
Crystallization Behavior of Co‐Doped Amorphous Manganese Dioxide and Its Cathode Performance for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Yana , Zhao Fangxia , Chen Haoyi , Tang Xingfeng , Zhang Zhenzhong , Gu Chengyang , Chang Hong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn order to explore the crystallization behavior of Co‐doped amorphous manganese dioxide(Co‐doped AMO) and to investigate the electrochemical properties of its different crystallization products as cathodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries. In this work, the effects of heat treatment temperature on the microstructure and phase composition of Co‐doped AMO and their electrochemical properties of Zn‐MnO2 battery cathode materials are systematically investigated. The results show that Co‐doping increases the crystallization temperature of pure AMO. When the heat treatment temperature is 400 °C, Co‐doped AMO is amorphous. At 500 and 550 °C, part of the Co‐doped AMO crystallizes into tetragonal spinel structured (Co, Mn)(Co, Mn)2O4 material between MnCo2O4 and Mn3O4. At 650 °C, the crystallized product is completely nano‐α‐Mn(Co)O2 crystal. The maximum discharge specific capacities and the retention rate after 100 cycles of the samples at 100 mA g−1 are 325.40 mAh g−1, 86.88%; 217.00 mAh g−1, 13.94%; 186.68 mAh g−1, 41.01%; and 149.03 mAh g−1, 31.27% for the unheated and 400, 550, 650 °C heat‐treated samples, respectively. It is proved that the Co‐doped AMO without heat treatment is superior to the partially or fully crystallized materials in terms of comprehensive performance and cost as cathode materials for AZIB.
Cross‐sectional analysis of pharmaceutical industry payments to board‐certified breast cancer specialists in Japan
Authors: Murayama Anju , Higuchi Kenichi , Kugo Hinari 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFinancial interactions between pharmaceutical companies and physicians introduce conflicts of interest among physicians, and can unduly influence physicians' clinical decision‐making, such as increased use of non‐recommended cancer treatments and higher healthcare expenditures. Breast cancer is the most common cancer for which there is a growing number of novel treatments. Nevertheless, the financial relationships between pharmaceutical companies and physicians treating patients with breast cancer remain unknown. Using payment data disclosed by major pharmaceutical companies in Japan between 2016 and 2020, this study examined size and trends in non‐research payments from the pharmaceutical companies to breast cancer specialists who were board‐certified by the Japanese Breast Cancer Society. A total of $17.2 million were made to 1349 or 77.8% of all board‐certified breast cancer specialists over the five years. Of all specialists, 41.9% to 55.5% received the payments each year. The median payments per specialist were $1,149–$1,371 annually. Only 5op 1% and 10% of all specialists received 24.7% and 70.3% of all payments to the specialists. The payments per specialist significantly increased by 9.9% (95% confidence interval: 6.713.1, p < 0.001) from 2016 to 2019, but decreased by 29.6% (95% CI: −34.4 to −24.5, p < 0.001) in 2020 when the COVID‐19 pandemic occurred. Given that even a small payment to physicians is associated with their clinical practice, it is imperative that these breast cancer specialists are more aware of the potential influence of payments on their decision‐making.
Analysis of 3D positioning error for multipath indoor VLC system
Authors: Rangappa Karibasappa , Kumar Ajit 
Published: August 2024

SummaryA comparative analysis of 3D positioning error for two different configurations using different layouts of visible light communication (VLC) systems is presented in this paper. The Received Signal Strength (RSS) has been implemented for indoor localization systems using Line‐of‐Sight (LoS) and diffused reflection signals. The room size for configuration‐1 is 5 m × 5 m × 3 m, and the distance between adjacent LEDs is 2.5 m, 2.00 m, and 1.5 m for cases‐1, case‐2, and case‐3, respectively, whereas the room size for configuration‐2 is 7 m × 7 m × 5 m, and the separation between the LEDs is 3.5 m, 3 m, and 2.5 m for their respective cases. Through investigation, it has been shown that when only LS signal is considered, the separation between LEDs may not be an issue because positioning error changes by a very small amount as the separation between LEDs changes. The results show that as the distance between adjacent LEDs decreases, the received signal strength for LoS and L‐R1 signals increases. However, positioning error and BER rise, while the bit rate falls. Furthermore, the positioning error Vs receiver plane height for all three cases in configuration‐1 is the same up to a height of 2.89 m, whereas the positioning error in configuration‐2 is the same up to 4.4 m for all cases. The positioning error for case‐1 decreases as the height in configuration‐1 exceeds 2.89 m. Similarly, after reaching a height of 4.4 m for case‐2, the positioning error in configuration‐2 decreases. The LoS positioning error versus semi angle
of the LED as well as the FOV of the receiver has been simulated for different positions of the receiver in configuration‐1. The investigation shows that the minimum positioning error is achieved at
and FOV equal to 66.660 for all the positions of the receiver in the room. Thus, before configuring a practical indoor VLC geometrical model, proper VLC configurations such as LED separation, FOV of the receiver, semi angle of LED, and receiver height should be chosen based on the room dimensions.
Recent Progress on the Synthesis, Biological Activity of Fused Pyrimidines from Azole Amines
Authors: Zhuang Yumeng , Wang Xianzhang , Liu Bowen , Yao Lei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFused pyrimidines are a class of heterocyclic compounds that have gained considerable interest due to their extensive biological activities and potential applications in drug development. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest synthetic approaches to fused pyrimidines, including Michael reactions, multicomponent reactions, metal‐catalyzed reactions, photocatalytic reactions, peroxide‐mediated reactions, and inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reactions. Furthermore, the biological activities of these compounds, such as their ability to combat cancer and microbial infections, are also discussed. This review article summarizes the existing literature on the synthesis and biological activity of fused pyrimidines from 2020 to 2023. We hope this review article will inspire the development of more effective and less toxic fused pyrimidine drugs with well‐designed structures.