bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic behavior of the indicator function in the inverse problem of the wave equation for media with multiple types of cavities
Authors: Kawashita Mishio , Kawashita Wakako 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper discusses an inverse problem of recovering information about cavities by measuring the solutions of a wave equation. When the medium has multiple types of cavities and the distances from the observation site to the ‘positive cavity’ and to the ‘negative cavity’ coincide, the sign of the indicator function of the enclosure method cannot be determined. Thus, sign cancellation may occur, and information may be lost. In this study, by using an asymptotic solution and examining the top term of the indicator function in detail, it is shown that the shortest distance to the cavity can be obtained, even in the above case.
Destriping model for adaptive removal of arbitrary oriented stripes in remote sensing images
Authors: Hamadouche Sid Ahmed , Boutemedjet Ayoub , Bouaraba Azzedine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Destriping in remote sensing image processing remains a challenging problem, particularly when dealing with stripe noise of arbitrary orientations. Conventional methods struggle to eliminate oblique stripes, leaving a crucial gap in the production of higher-level remote sensing products. In response, we propose a novel destriping model, the Adaptive Stripe Noise Removal (ASNR) Method, designed to adapt to different orientations of stripe noise, aiming for accuracy, robustness, speed, and simplicity. The paper first addresses the conventional challenges in stripe removal, emphasizing the unintended loss of information during the process. To overcome this, we conduct a detailed study of stripe noise characteristics, employing traditional Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for stripe orientation approximation. However, conventional techniques using spatial representations risk damaging detailed structures. To go beyond these limitations, the proposed method combines spectral processing technology with an image guidance mechanism. This approach aims to generate a guided image that retains both denoised features and important details. In the frequency domain, the method corrects the stripe image by estimating a guidance image. Experimental results, both qualitative and quantitative, demonstrate the superiority and stability of the proposed method in removing stripe noise and preserving image details without introducing artifacts. The novel approach fills a critical gap in destriping methods, offering a fast, accurate, and adaptable solution for arbitrary orientations of stripe noise in remote sensing images.
A theoretical approach to study oxide-based perovskite materials XTiO3 (X = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Das Shayeri , Dey Sujoy Kumar , Ranjan Prabhat , Chakraborty Tanmoy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Oxide-based perovskite materials have a large application in fuel and hydrogen sensors, non-volatile random access memory devices, semiconductor fabrications, optoelectronic, thermoelectric and photovoltaic devices. In this report, equilibrium geometries, and optoelectronic properties of oxide-perovskite materials XTiO3 (X = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) are investigated through Conceptual Density Functional Theory (CDFT) technique. The HOMO–LUMO energy gap obtained from functional B3LYP/LANL2DZ and B3PW91/LANL2DZ are observed in the range of 1.201 eV–4.647 eV and 1.519 eV–4.903 eV respectively, which justifies their applications in solar cells and optoelectronic devices. HOMO–LUMO energy gap shows a downward trend when materials travel from Be to Mg to Ca to Sr to Ba, except for BaTiO3 in B3PW91/LANL2DZ. BeTiO3 displays the maximum value of HOMO–LUMO gap, hardness and electronegativity value. Hardness and softness of these substances are found between 0.600–2.452 eV and 0.204–0.788 eV respectively whereas refractive index and dielectric constant of XTiO3 are observed in the range of 2.017–3.684 and 4.067–13.574 respectively. Across all relationships, XTiO3’s dielectric constant and refractive index show a rising pattern from Be to Mg to Ca to Sr to Ba, except for BaTiO3 computed using B3PW91/LANL2DZ. The lowest refractive index and dielectric constant are displayed by the BeTiO3. TD-DFT calculation is performed to understand the absorption spectra of these materials. Optical transition energy and wavelength of XTiO3 are found between 0.339–3.535 eV and 350.68–3656.15 nm respectively. An interesting relationship is established between HOMO–LUMO energy gap, optical transition energy and wavelength of XTiO3 materials. The investigated compounds exhibit a linear pattern between HOMO–LUMO energy gap and optical transition energy whereas wavelength shows an inverse trend. MEP of these compounds are also discussed.
Effect of layering sequence and jujube fruit seed addition on the mechanical, water absorption and bio-degradation properties of Indian almond/peepal hybrid composites
Authors: Srinivasan R , Jayaraman M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hybrid composite comprised fibers like peepal and Indian almond was fabricated, with the addition of natural filler such as jujube fruit seed particles aimed at enhancing composite performance. The impact of jujube fruit seed particles and layering sequence on the mechanical properties, water absorption and bio-degradation of the composites was investigated. Initially, two composite types, IA/P/IA (Indian almond/Peepal/Indian almond) and P/IA/P (Peepal/Indian almond/Peepal), were produced using hand layup practice, altering layering sequence of fibers. Based on tensile test results, the P/IA/P composite emerged as the optimal choice due to the denser packing of high-strength peepal fiber. Subsequently, jujube fruit seed particles were incorporated into the P/IA/P composite at varying weight percentages ranging from 2.5 to 10 with a step size of 2.5. The effect of jujube fruit seed particles on the performance of the P/IA/P composite was examined. The P/IA/P/7.5 wt% jujube composite demonstrated superior tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness properties, recording values of 82 MPa, 98 MPa, 5.2 kJ m−2, and 86 shore-d, respectively. These values were 15.4%, 22.5%, 20.9%, and 4.8% higher than those of the P/IA/P composite. The P/IA/P/10 wt% jujube composite demonstrated minimal water absorption, with only 8% recorded over a 12-day period, as well as limited mass loss, totaling 27% over 60 days. Consequently, this research suggests that the P/IA/P/7.5 wt% composite holds promise for industrial applications.
Aloe vera-synthesized Ag nanoparticles loaded on PVA/chitosan as biodegradable and antibacterial film for food storage
Authors: Tran Nhung Thi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We have developed a novel, eco-friendly, and active food packaging film by incorporating green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan matrices. The AgNPs were in situ and green synthesized in high-yield by using Aloe vera extract as a reducing agent and chitosan as a stabilizing agent at high temperature. The obtained AgNPs exhibit quasi-spherical shapes and tunable size in the range 20 ∼ 30 nm by controlling the content of AgNO3 precursor in the growth solution. The in situ synthesis enables the homogeneous distribution of AgNPs throughout the films and eliminates the need for purification. The effect of the loaded amounts of Aloe vera-synthesized AgNPs on the film characteristics was investigated. The results show that the obtained AgNPs-loaded films exhibit excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength of 36.7 MPa and elongation at break of 213.9%) and superior bacterial killing and inhibition effects against E. coli. Moreover, the incorporation of green-synthesized AgNPs into the polymeric films also results in a significant improvement in the contact angles formed between the film surface and glycerol droplets, enhanced thermal stability, and a reduction in water swelling and water solubility. All these results highlight the great potential of these biodegradable and antibacterial membranes as an alternative to petroleum-based plastics in food packaging and preservation.
Characterisation of 3D-printable thermoplastics to be used as tissue-equivalent materials in photon and proton beam radiotherapy end-to-end quality assurance devices
Authors: Bento Mariana , Cook Hannah , Anaya Virginia Marin , Bär Esther , Nisbet Andrew , Lourenço Ana , Hussein Mohammad , Veiga Catarina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective. To investigate the potential of 3D-printable thermoplastics as tissue-equivalent materials to be used in multimodal radiotherapy end-to-end quality assurance (QA) devices. Approach. Six thermoplastics were investigated: Polylactic Acid (PLA), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG), Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA), High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) and StoneFil. Measurements of mass density (

ρ

), Relative Electron Density (RED), in a nominal 6 MV photon beam, and Relative Stopping Power (RSP), in a 210 MeV proton pencil-beam, were performed. Average Hounsfield Units (HU) were derived from CTs acquired with two independent scanners. The calibration curves of both scanners were used to predict average

ρ
,

RED and RSP values and compared against the experimental data. Finally, measured data of

ρ
,

RED and RSP was compared against theoretical values estimated for the thermoplastic materials and biological tissues. Main results. Overall, good

ρ

and RSP CT predictions were made; only PMMA and PETG showed differences >5%. The differences between experimental and CT predicted RED values were also <5% for PLA, ABS, PETG and PMMA; for HIPS and StoneFil higher differences were found (6.94% and 9.42/15.34%, respectively). Small HU variations were obtained in the CTs for all materials indicating good uniform density distribution in the samples production. ABS, PLA, PETG and PMMA showed potential equivalency for a variety of soft tissues (adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, brain and lung tissues, differences within 0.19%–8.35% for all properties). StoneFil was the closest substitute to bone, but differences were >10%. Theoretical calculations of all properties agreed with experimental values within 5% difference for most thermoplastics. Significance. Several 3D-printed thermoplastics were promising tissue-equivalent materials to be used in devices for end-to-end multimodal radiotherapy QA and may not require corrections in treatment planning systems’ dose calculations. Theoretical calculations showed promise in identifying thermoplastics matching target biological tissues before experiments are performed.
Equivalence of cost concentration and gradient vanishing for quantum circuits: an elementary proof in the Riemannian formulation
Authors: Miao Qiang , Barthel Thomas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The optimization of quantum circuits can be hampered by a decay of average gradient amplitudes with increasing system size. When the decay is exponential, this is called the barren plateau problem. Considering explicit circuit parametrizations (in terms of rotation angles), it has been shown in Arrasmith et al (2022 Quantum Sci. Technol.
7 045015) that barren plateaus are equivalent to an exponential decay of the variance of cost-function differences. We show that the issue is particularly simple in the (parametrization-free) Riemannian formulation of such optimization problems and obtain a tighter bound for the cost-function variance. An elementary derivation shows that the single-gate variance of the cost function is strictly equal to half the variance of the Riemannian single-gate gradient, where we sample variable gates according to the uniform Haar measure. The total variances of the cost function and its gradient are then both bounded from above by the sum of single-gate variances and, conversely, bound single-gate variances from above. So, decays of gradients and cost-function variations go hand in hand, and barren plateau problems cannot be resolved by avoiding gradient-based in favor of gradient-free optimization methods.
Separable effects for adherence
Authors: Wanis Kerollos Nashat , Stensrud Mats Julius , Sarvet Aaron Leor 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Comparing different medications is complicated when adherence to these medications differs. We can overcome the adherence issue by assessing effectiveness under sustained use, as in usual causal “per-protocol” estimands. However, when sustained use is challenging to satisfy in practice, the usefulness of these estimands can be limited. Here we propose a different class of estimands: separable effects for adherence. These estimands compare modified medications, holding fixed a component responsible for nonadherence. Under assumptions about treatment components’ mechanisms of effect, a separable effects estimand can quantify the effectiveness of medication initiation strategies on an outcome of interest under the adherence mechanism of one of the medications. These assumptions are amenable to interrogation by subject-matter experts and can be evaluated using causal graphs. We describe an algorithm for constructing causal graphs for separable effects, illustrate how these graphs can be used to reason about assumptions required for identification, and provide semi-parametric weighted estimators.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Pharmacoepidemiology.
Deimplementation of ineffective and harmful medical practices: a data-driven commentary
Authors: Pineles Beth L , Bonafide Christopher P , Ashcraft Laura Ellen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Deimplementation is the discontinuation or abandonment of medical practices that are ineffective or of unclear effectiveness, ranging from simply unhelpful to harmful. With epidemiology expanding to include more translational sciences, epidemiologists can contribute to deimplementation by defining evidence, establishing causality, and advising on study design. An estimated 10%-30% of health care practices have minimal to no benefit to patients and should be targeted for deimplementation. The steps in deimplementation are (1) identify low-value clinical practices, (2) facilitate the deimplementation process, (3) evaluate deimplementation outcomes, and (4) sustain deimplementation, each of which is a complex project. Deimplementation science involves researchers, health care and clinical stakeholders, and patient and community partners affected by the medical practice. Increasing collaboration between epidemiologists and implementation scientists is important to optimizing health care delivery.
Secondary metabolites from marine fungus Penicillium chrysogenum VH17 and their antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential
Authors: Anh Nguyen Mai , Minh Le Thi Hong , Linh Nguyen Thuy , Dao Phi Thi , Quynh Do Thi , Huong Doan Thi Mai , Van Cuong Pham , Huyen Vu Thi Thu , Dat Ton That Huu 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
One new compound, methyl 3-((1-((2-carbamoylphenyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)amino)-3-oxopropanoate (1), along with 9 known secondary metabolites (2-10) were isolated and elucidated chemical structures from the methanol extract of the marine-derived fungus Penicillium chrysogenum VH17. Subsequent bioassays showed the antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of the isolated compounds. All compounds 1-10 displayed antimicrobial effects against at least one tested reference microorganism with MIC values ranging from 32 to 256 µg mL−1. Furthermore, compound 4 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against all tested cell lines, HepG2, A549, and MCF7 with IC50 values of 29.43 ± 1.37, 33.02 ± 1.53, and 36.72 ± 1.88 µM, respectively, whereas compound 3 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against MCF7 and HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 87.17 ± 6.31 and 97.32 ± 5.66 µM, respectively.
Quality-of-life assessment and the impact of early diagnosis and treatment in lichen planopilaris: a systematic review
Authors: Kelati Awatef , Jafferany Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Lichen planopilaris (LPP) and its variants, mainly frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA), affect the hair follicles, causing cicatricial alopecia. The condition has a significant negative impact on self-confidence and quality of life (QoL). This systematic review investigates the psychoemotional impact of LPP and its variants using the PRISMA guidelines. The review revealed that LPP and FFA cause significant psychological distress and impaired QoL. Higher LPP disease activity and severity were associated with higher depression and anxiety scores, lower quality-of-life scores, and higher scores of role limitations (physical and emotional). Additionally, facial lesions in patients with FFA, especially with eyebrow involvement, can be very distressing, leading to impaired self-esteem and reduced QoL. This negative impact of active and severe LPP and FFA on patients’ QoL and self-esteem causes psychiatric conditions including anxiety and depression. Therefore, an early diagnosis must be encouraged in these patients.
A novel sand cat swarm optimization algorithm-based SVM for diagnosis imaging genomics in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wang Luyun , Sheng Jinhua , Zhang Qiao , Yang Ze , Xin Yu , Song Yan , Zhang Qian , Wang Binbing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In recent years, brain imaging genomics has advanced significantly in revealing underlying pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and providing early diagnosis. In this paper, we present a framework for diagnosing AD that integrates magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) genetic preprocessing, feature selection, and a support vector machine (SVM) model. In particular, a novel sand cat swarm optimization (SCSO) algorithm, named SS-SCSO, which integrates the spiral search strategy and alert mechanism from the sparrow search algorithm, is proposed to optimize the SVM parameters. The optimization efficacy of the SS-SCSO algorithm is evaluated using CEC2017 benchmark functions, with results compared with other metaheuristic algorithms (MAs). The proposed SS-SCSO-SVM framework has been effectively employed to classify different stages of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease using imaging genetic datasets from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. It has demonstrated excellent classification accuracies for four typical cases, including AD, early mild cognitive impairment, late mild cognitive impairment, and healthy control. Furthermore, experiment results indicate that the SS-SCSO-SVM algorithm has a stronger exploration capability for diagnosing AD compared to other well-established MAs and machine learning techniques.
From breaking to faking the code: Alan Turing’s Imitation Game latest upgrade for discerning Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated deepfakes
Authors: Angelides Marios C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Alan Turing developed a simple test for verifying whether machine or man. He did this with a vision that was decades ahead of the time but with the technology that was available to him at the time. Back in the time, the notion of AI was a future prospect, and not a real threat in any way to humanity. Roll the clock forward to today and AI is not a prospect but a stark reality and the threat to humanity, according to the sceptics, all but real. But how serious has the threat become? This paper investigates.
Esophagectomy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and distant nodal metastasis
Authors: Liu Chia , Tsai Ping-Chung , Chien Ling-I , Huang Chien-Sheng , Hsieh Chih-Cheng , Hsu Han-Shui , Hsu Po-Kuei 
Published: August 2024

Summary
The role of surgery in oligometastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains controversial. This study evaluated the oncological outcomes after esophagectomy in patients with ESCC with distant lymph node (LN) metastasis. Patients with ESCC and nodal metastasis treated with chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy followed by esophagectomy between 2010 and 2020 were included. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were compared between patients with distant LN metastasis (dLN+) and exclusively regional LN metastasis (dLN–). The cohort comprised 69 dLN+ and 111 dLN– patients. Survival was significantly better in the dLN– group than in the dLN+ group (5-year OS, 51.9% vs. 25.5%, P &lt; 0.001; RFS, 47.2% vs. 18.1%, P &lt; 0.001). Stratified by the yp stage, 49 (44.1%) dLN– and 30 (43.5%) dLN+ patients achieved a pathological complete response (pCR). In the dLN– and dLN+ groups, the OS rates were significantly higher in the pCR group than in the non-pCR group (dLN–: 76.7% vs. 32.4%, P &lt; 0.001; dLN+: 39.6% vs. 14.2%; P = 0.002). The dLN–/pCR group had the best OS, significantly outperforming the dLN−/non-pCR and dLN+/pCR groups. OS did not differ between the dLN−/non-pCR and dLN+/pCR groups. The dLN+/non-pCR group had the worst OS. The RFS analysis paralleled the OS findings. Patients with dLN+ disease had worse outcomes than their dLN– counterparts, irrespective of the pCR status. The survival rates were poor but comparable between the dLN+/pCR and dLN−/non-pCR groups. Adjuvant therapy may be required for dLN+ patients following systemic treatment and surgery, even after achieving pCR.
Most frequent value analysis of distance measurements to M87
Authors: Zhang Jiang , Li Lingdou , Su Han , Chen Yandong , Shi Weibin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
We reanalyse the recent compilation of distance measurements to M87 by collecting the data from published literature. Different from the traditional statistical methods, based on the principle of minimum information loss, we use a robust most frequent value (MFV) procedure to estimate the distance to M87, irrespective of the Gaussian or non-Gaussian distributions. The MFV-based robust estimate for the M87 distance modulus is given by $31.09^{+0.04}_{-0.03}$ (statistical) $^{+0.05}_{-0.07}$ (systematic) mag corresponding to a 68.27 per cent confidence interval, whereas the result of combining the two uncertainties in quadrature is $31.09^{+0.06}_{-0.08}$ mag. We also construct the error distributions of M87 distance moduli values according to the weighted mean, median, and MFV, which is non-Gaussian. This demonstrates that the MFV method offers a more accurate and robust estimate of the distance to M87 compared to methods that depend on the unfulfilled assumption of Gaussianity.
Using Ly α transits to constrain models of atmospheric escape
Authors: Schreyer Ethan , Owen James E , Loyd R O Parke , Murray-Clay Ruth 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Ly $\alpha$ transits provide an opportunity to test models of atmospheric escape directly. However, translating observations into constraints on the properties of the escaping atmosphere is challenging. The major reason for this is that the observable parts of the outflow often comes from material outside the planet’s Hill sphere, where the interaction between the planetary outflow and circumstellar environment is important. As a result, 3D models are required to match observations. Whilst 3D hydrodynamic simulations are able to match observational features qualitatively, they are too computationally expensive to perform a statistical retrieval of properties of the outflow. Here, we develop a model that determines the trajectory, ionization state, and 3D geometry of the outflow as a function of its properties and system parameters. We then couple this model to a ray tracing routine in order to produce synthetic transits. We demonstrate the validity of this approach, reproducing the trajectory of the outflows seen in 3D simulations. We illustrate the use of this model by performing a retrieval on the transit spectrum of GJ 436 b. The bound on planetary outflow velocity and mass-loss rates are consistent with a photoevaporative wind.