bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student Perceptions and Understanding of Client-Therapist Interactions Within the Inpatient Acute Care Environment: Qualitative Study
Authors: Hayward Lorna M. , Greenwood Kristin C. , Nippins Matthew , Canali Alicia 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundPhysical therapists practicing in inpatient acute care settings in the United States work in a 21st century health care system that requires professional competence in clinical reasoning and decision making. For doctor of physical therapy (DPT) students, the development of confidence in the patient evaluation and the professional skills necessary for managing the inpatient environment can be challenging.ObjectiveThe study's purpose was to understand whether the early exposure of students to inpatient settings informed their understanding of the thought processes and actions of experienced clinicians during client interactions.DesignA qualitative design was used.MethodsThirty-three DPT students working in inpatient settings were recruited from 15 unique inpatient hospital (acute care and rehabilitation) facilities with a convenience sampling technique. Reflective data were collected for 1 month with clinician-facilitated discussion boards.ResultsFour themes emerged: environment, communication, evaluation, and client-therapist interaction. The themes informed a conceptual model depicting the observation by DPT students of factors that influenced interactions between clients and experienced clinicians in inpatient settings. Reflection on the what, the how, and the why that informed clinical decisions enabled students to recognize the situated nature of evaluation and treatment approaches.LimitationsThe use of a sample from 1 year of a DPT program at one university reduced the generalizability of the results.ConclusionsLimited research has examined student perceptions of the interactions of experienced clinicians with clients in inpatient acute care settings. More research is needed to understand the impact of exposing students to the thoughts and actions of therapists working in such settings earlier within DPT curricula.
Helminth Infections Decrease Host Susceptibility to Immune-Mediated Diseases
Authors: Weinstock Joel V. , Elliott David E. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Helminthic infection has become rare in highly industrialized nations. Concurrent with the decline in helminthic infection has been an increase in the prevalence of inflammatory disease. Removal of helminths from our environment and their powerful effects on host immunity may have contributed to this increase. Several helminth species can abrogate disease in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and other conditions. Helminths evoke immune regulatory pathways often involving dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, and macrophages that help to control disease. Cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β, have a role. Notable is the helminthic modulatory effect on innate immunity, which impedes development of aberrant adaptive immunity. Investigators are identifying key helminth-derived immune modulatory molecules that may have therapeutic usefulness in the control of inflammatory disease.
Correlation between the Time to Surgery and That to Recovery from Postoperative Diplopia Based on a Single-Center, Retrospective Experience: A Case Series of 11 Patients
Authors: Kim Nam Hoon , Kang Seok Joo 
Published: September 2014

Background We conducted this study to identify the correlation between the time to surgery and that to recovery from postoperative diplopia.
Methods In the current single-center, retrospective study, we enrolled a total of 11 patients (n=11) who were diagnosed with white-eyed blowout fracture and underwent surgical operation at our institution between January 2009 and January 2013. To identify the correlation between the time to surgery and that to recovery from postoperative diplopia, we divided our patients into the three groups: the group A (time to surgery, <2 days) (n=4), the group B (time to surgery, 3-7 days) (n=4) and the group C (n=3) (time to surgery, 8-60 days). Then, we compared such variables as sex, age, signs of soft tissue injury, preoperative nausea/vomiting, the degree of preoperative diplopia and the side of the fracture on computed tomography scans between the three groups.
Results In our series, mean age at the onset of trauma was nine years (range, 5-16 years); the mean time to surgery was 30 days (range, 2-60 days); and the mean follow-up period was one year (range, 6 months-2 years). Our results showed that the time to recovery was shorter in the patients with a shorter time to surgery.
Conclusions We found that the degree of recovery from impaired ocular motility and diplopia was the highest in the patients undergoing surgical operations within 48 hours of the onset of trauma with the reconstruction of the fracture sites using implant materials.
The Influence of Pfannenstiel Incision Scarring on Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator
Authors: Park Young Jin , Kim Eun Key , Yun Ji Young , Eom Jin Sup , Lee Taik Jong 
Published: September 2014

Background Abdominal wall free flaps are used most frequently in autologous breast reconstruction, and these flaps require intact and robust deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) vessels. Pfannenstiel incisions are often present during preoperative visits for breast reconstruction and could potentially signal compromised blood supply to the lower abdominal wall. In this study, we compared the number of DIEP vessels between patients with and without Pfannenstiel incisions undergoing autologous breast reconstruction.
Methods A retrospective review of medical records was performed for patients with (study) and without (control) Pfannelstiel incisions (n=34 for each group) between June 2010 and July 2013. In addition to patient demographics, number of caesarian sections, and outcomes of free flap reconstruction, abdominal wall vasculature was compared using the preoperative computed tomography angiographic data between the groups. For each patient, vessels measuring greater than 1 mm were counted and divided into four sections of the lower abdominal wall.
Results The mean number of perforator vessels was 10.6 in the study group and 11.4 in the control group, which was not statistically different (P=0.575). Pfannenstiel incisions with history of repeat caesarian sections were not associated with decreased number of perforator vessels.
Conclusions Pfannenstiel scars are associated with neither a change in the number of DIEP vessels nor decreased viability of a free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous and DIEP flap. Lower abdominal free flaps based on DIEP vessels appear safe even in patients who have had multiple caesarian sections through Pfannenstiel incisions.
L’encadrement de l’échange de droits d’émission dans le marché réglementé du carbone au Québec sera-t-il efficace ? Enjeux, constats et prédictions
Authors: Papy Jacques 
Published: September 2014

Le 1er janvier 2012, le Québec a lancé, dans le cadre de la Western Climate Initiative, un système de plafonnement et d’échange de droits d’émission de gaz à effet de serre (SPEDE), l’un des premiers systèmes du genre en Amérique du Nord. Le SPEDE est la clé de voûte de la politique de la province en matière de lutte contre les changements climatiques. Il appartient cependant à une catégorie d’instruments économiques de protection de l’environnement encore peu connue de la communauté juridique québécoise. Son étude paraît donc d’une grande actualité. L’article a pour objectif de proposer une première analyse des règles qui encadrent le SPEDE, à la lumière des enseignements de l’analyse économique du droit. L’analyse permet de dresser une nomenclature cohérente et intelligible des règles du SPEDE structurée autour de leur utilité dans l’échange de droits d’émission. Elle fait ainsi ressortir les stratégies de diversification de l’échange, d’institutionnalisation de ses modalités, ainsi que les enjeux de la surveillance du marché du carbone dans un contexte de fragmentation des autorités de tutelle.
Some Considerations for Child Rights Impact Assessment (CRIAs) of Business
Authors: Collins Tara M. , Guevara Gabrielle 
Published: September 2014

With increasing international attention to business and human/child rights, the necessary next step must examine the monitoring of activities in order for the connection between business and child rights to be meaningful. Consequently, the essential question for this paper is whether business should use child rights impact assessments (CRIAs) and if so, what are some considerations in order to move forward? It is argued that the business must develop and carry out CRIAs in order to meet its due diligence obligations, and to identify and respond to potential and actual child rights impacts due to business activities. Business should use CRIAs as part of a broader process of supporting its organizational commitment to human rights. Other actors can also participate in this monitoring endeavour of business activities. This paper identifies some challenges and considerations of CRIAs in relation to business.
Assessing the change in attitudes, knowledge, and perspectives of medical students towards chiropractic after an educational intervention*
Authors: Wong Jessica J. , Di Loreto Luciano , Kara Alim , Yu Kavan , Mattia Alicia , Soave David , Weyman Karen , Kopansky-Giles Deborah 
Published: September 2014

Objective
We assessed the change in attitudes, knowledge, and perspectives of medical students towards chiropractic after a 1-hour educational intervention.

Methods
A mixed-methods approach was used with a 52-item cross-sectional paper survey and 1 focus group of third-year medical students. The views of these medical students towards chiropractic were assessed previously in their second-year of medical school. ANOVA and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to assess between-group differences between the medical students' views before and after the educational intervention. The constant comparative method for analyzing qualitative data was used to identify emergent themes from the focus group transcript.

Results
Of 112 third-year medical students, 58 completed the survey (51.7% response rate). The focus group consisted of 6 medical students. Self-reported understanding of chiropractic and number of attitude-positive responses were significantly higher in the group after the educational session. The average number of correct responses assessing knowledge on chiropractic also was significantly higher. Focus group themes were that medical students wanted exposure to chiropractic in clinical settings, had negative attitudes towards chiropractic formed from hidden curriculum, had concerns regarding evidence and safety of chiropractic, and thought that timing of the session on chiropractic was too late in the curriculum.

Conclusions
The attitudes and knowledge of medical students towards chiropractic improved immediately after a 1-hour educational intervention. Formally educating medical students on chiropractic may help minimize hidden curriculum issues regarding chiropractic, as identified by the medical students, and facilitate collaboration between medical and chiropractic providers.
On the relation of Langmuir turbulence radar signatures to auroral conditions
Authors: Schlatter N. M. , Ivchenko N. , Häggström I. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe present a statistical study of anomalous radar echoes observed in the auroral ionosphere thought to be signatures of Langmuir turbulence (LT). Data obtained with the European Incoherent Scatter Svalbard radar during the international polar year (IPY) were searched for these anomalous echoes in the auroral F region. In incoherent scatter radar experiments LT may in certain circumstances be observed as enhanced backscattered radar power at the ion line frequencies, plasma line frequencies, and at zero Doppler shift. The power enhancement at zero Doppler shift could arise due to Bragg scattering from nonpropagating density fluctuations caused by strong LT. In the IPY data set, around 0.02% of the data comply with our search criteria for altitudes above 190 km based on the ion line spectrum including enhancement at zero Doppler shift. The occurrence frequency of the identified events peaks in the premidnight sector and increases with local geomagnetic disturbance. Enhanced backscattered power is observed with limited altitude extent (below 20 km in 70% of the events), and the altitude distribution of identified radar signatures in the ion line channel has a peak at about 220 km. Enhancement of the plasma line is observed with the ion line enhancements in more than 60% of the events. Two classes of enhanced plasma lines occur. In the first class, plasma lines are limited in frequency and altitude and occur at altitudes of ion line enhancements. In the second class, the plasma lines are spread in frequency and range and are observed at lower altitudes than the first class (at about 170 km) with frequencies close to 3 MHz. Available optical data available indicate that the identified events to occur during auroral breakup with high‐energy electron precipitation.
Cassini multi‐instrument assessment of Saturn's polar cap boundary
Authors: Jinks S. L. , Bunce E. J. , Cowley S. W. H. , Provan G. , Yeoman T. K. , Arridge C. S. , Dougherty M. K. , Gurnett D. A. , Krupp N. , Kurth W. S. , Mitchell D. G. , Morooka M. , Wahlund J.‐E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe present the first systematic investigation of the polar cap boundary in Saturn's high‐latitude magnetosphere through a multi‐instrument assessment of various Cassini in situ data sets gathered between 2006 and 2009. We identify 48 polar cap crossings where the polar cap boundary can be clearly observed in the step in upper cutoff of auroral hiss emissions from the plasma wave data, a sudden increase in electron density, an anisotropy of energetic electrons along the magnetic field, and an increase in incidence of higher‐energy electrons from the low‐energy electron spectrometer measurements as we move equatorward from the pole. We determine the average level of coincidence of the polar cap boundary identified in the various in situ data sets to be 0.34° ± 0.05° colatitude. The average location of the boundary in the southern (northern) hemisphere is found to be at 15.6° (13.3°) colatitude. In both hemispheres we identify a consistent equatorward offset between the poleward edge of the auroral upward directed field‐aligned current region of ~1.5–1.8° colatitude to the corresponding polar cap boundary. We identify atypical observations in the boundary region, including observations of approximately hourly periodicities in the auroral hiss emissions close to the pole. We suggest that the position of the southern polar cap boundary is somewhat ordered by the southern planetary period oscillation phase but that it cannot account for the boundary's full latitudinal variability. We find no clear evidence of any ordering of the northern polar cap boundary location with the northern planetary period magnetic field oscillation phase.
The Self‐enhancement Function of Autobiographical Memory
Authors: Demiray Burcu , Janssen Steve M. J. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe self‐enhancement function of autobiographical memory was examined by assessing the psychological distance of adults' most important memories. Participants (N = 445, ages 18–80) reported the seven most important events from their lives on an online survey and rated the memories in terms of valence, emotionality, importance, vividness, reliving, rehearsal, novelty, and psychological distance. Participants also completed the Rosenberg Self‐esteem Scale. Regression analyses showed that participants felt psychologically closer to positive memories than to negative memories, independent of the actual age of the memories. The self‐enhancement function was unrelated to participants' age but was related to their self‐esteem: Higher self‐esteem was associated with feeling closer to positive memories. Finally, a moderated multiple‐mediation model showed that memories' importance and rehearsal mediated the relation between one's self‐esteem and the psychological distance of their positive versus negative memories. Findings are discussed in relation to the functional approach to autobiographical memory. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of Organic Dyes with Various Electron‐Accepting Substituents for p‐Type Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Weidelener Martin , Powar Satvasheel , Kast Hannelore , Yu Ze , Boix Pablo P. , Li Chen , Müllen Klaus , Geiger Thomas , Kuster Simon , Nüesch Frank , Bach Udo , Mishra Amaresh , Bäuerle Peter 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFour new donor‐π‐acceptor dyes differing in their acceptor group have been synthesized and employed as model systems to study the influence of the acceptor groups on the photophysical properties and in NiO‐based p‐type dye‐sensitized solar cells. UV/Vis absorption spectra showed a broad range of absorption coverage with maxima between 331 and 653 nm. Redox potentials as well as HOMO and LUMO energies of the dyes were determined from cyclic voltammetry measurements and evaluated concerning their potential use as sensitizers in p‐type dye‐sensitized solar cells (p‐DSCs). Quantum‐chemical density functional theory calculations gave further insight into the frontier orbital distributions, which are relevant for the electronic processes in p‐DSCs. In p‐DSCs using an iodide/triiodide‐based electrolyte, the polycyclic 9,10‐dicyano‐acenaphtho[1,2‐b]quinoxaline (DCANQ) acceptor‐containing dye gave the highest power conversion efficiency of 0.08 %, which is comparable to that obtained with the perylenemonoimide (PMI)‐containing dye. Interestingly, devices containing the DCANQ‐based dye achieve a higher VOC of 163 mV compared to 158 mV for the PMI‐containing dye. The result was further confirmed by impedance spectroscopic analysis showing higher recombination resistance and thus a lower recombination rate for devices containing the DCANQ dye than for PMI dye‐based devices. However, the use of the strong electron‐accepting tricyanofurane (TCF) group played a negative role in the device performance, yielding an efficiency of only 0.01 % due to a low‐lying LUMO energy level, thus resulting in an insufficient driving force for efficient dye regeneration. The results demonstrate that a careful molecular design with a proper choice of the acceptor unit is essential for development of sensitizers for p‐DSCs.
Enantioselective Self‐Assembly of Triangular Dy3 Clusters with Single‐Molecule Magnet Behavior
Authors: Lin Shuang‐Yan , Wang Chao , Zhao Lang , Tang Jinkui 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThree pairs of enantiopure chiral triangular Ln3 clusters, [Ln3LRRRRRR/SSSSSS(μ3‐OH)2(H2O)2(SCN)4]⋅xCH3OH⋅yH2O (R‐Dy3, Ln=Dy, x=6, y=0; S‐Dy3, Ln=Dy, x=6, y=1; R‐Ho3, Ln=Ho, x=6, y=1; S‐Ho3, Ln=Ho, x=6, y=1; R‐Er3, Ln=Er, x=6, y=0; S‐Er3, Ln=Er, x=6, y=1), have been successfully synthesized by a rational enantioselective synthetic strategy. The core of triangular Ln3 is bound in the central N6O3 of the macrocyclic ligand, and the coordination spheres of Ln ions are completed by four SCN− anions and two H2O molecules in axial positions of the macrocycle. The circular dichroism (CD) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of the enantiomers demonstrate that the chirality is successfully transferred from the ligands to the resulting Ln3 clusters. Ac susceptibility measurements reveal that single‐molecule magnet behavior occurs for both enantiopure clusters of R‐Dy3 and S‐Dy3. This work is one of the few examples of the successful design of a pair of triangular Dy3 clusters showing simultaneously slow magnetic relaxation and optical activity, and this might open up new opportunities to develop novel multifunctional materials.
Enhancement of Stability and Activity of siRNA by Terminal Substitution with Serinol Nucleic Acid (SNA)
Authors: Kamiya Yukiko , Takai Junya , Ito Hiroshi , Murayama Keiji , Kashida Hiromu , Asanuma Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi ), sequence‐specific gene silencing triggered by double‐stranded, small interfering RNA (siRNA), has become a facile and effective tool for biological research and holds potential for therapeutic applications. However, the application of siRNA is hindered by susceptibility to nucleases and off‐target effects. In this study, we introduced artificial nucleotides, serinol nucleic acid (SNA), with an acyclic scaffold, at the termini of siRNA strands. Our aim was appropriately to accommodate the antisense strand in an RNA‐induced silencing complex (RISC) by inhibiting sense‐strand incorporation and thus improve resistance to nuclease‐mediated degradation. Substitution of SNA into siRNA at both termini of the sense strand and at the 3′ terminus of the antisense strand improved antisense strand selectivity remarkably in the formation of RISC, RNAi activity, and nuclease resistance.
GP73 was upregulated in PBMC stimulated with ConA but failed to promote lymphocyte proliferation
Authors: Wang Fang , Li Zhaotao , Li Leike , Hu Longbo , Xiao Jing , Su Zhong , Peng Tao 
Published: September 2014

AbstractGolgi protein 73‐kD (GP73), a type II Golgi transmembrane glycoprotein, is highly expressed in a variety of human diseases, but its physiology and pathology remain unknown. In examining the function of GP73 in the immune system, treatment of human PBMC with ConA significantly increased the intracellular expression of GP73 and its secretion into the culture medium. Two‐way MLR and the ConA stimulation assay showed that treatment with purified GP73 protein barely affected the proliferation of PBMC. These results suggest that lymphocyte‐secreted GP73 might partially contribute to higher serum GP73 in patients, and secreted GP73 exerts an extremely weak effect on the proliferation of PBMC ex vivo.
Heterobimetallic Metal–Organic Framework as a Precursor to Prepare a Nickel/Nanoporous Carbon Composite Catalyst for 4‐Nitrophenol Reduction
Authors: Yang Ying , Zhang Ying , Sun Cheng Jun , Li Xinsong , Zhang Wen , Ma Xiaohui , Ren Yang , Zhang Xin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNickel/nanoporous carbon (Ni/NPC) composites are facilely prepared by direct pyrolysis of nonporous heterobimetallic zinc–nickel–terephthalate frameworks (Zn1−xNixMOF, x≈0–1, MOF=metal–organic framework) at 1223 K in situ. Tailoring the Ni/Zn ratio creates densely populated and small Ni nanocrystals (Ni NCs) while maintaining sufficient porosity and surface area in the final product, which exhibits the largest activity factor (9.2 s−1 g−1) and excellent stability toward 4‐nitrophenol reduction.
Enhanced Iridium Complex Electrochemiluminescence Cytosensing and Dynamic Evaluation of Cell‐Surface Carbohydrate Expression
Authors: Zhou Hong , Yang Yiying , Li Chunxiang , Yu Bing , Zhang Shusheng 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA newly prepared [(ppy)2Ir(dcbpy)]+⋅PF6− (ppy: 2‐phenylpyridyl; dcbpy: 4,4′‐dicarboxy‐2,2′‐bipyridyl) and gold nanoparticle functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticle (Au/Ir‐MSN) is reported. Based on the binding between concanavalin A (Con A) and mannose, the novel nanoparticle was applied to an ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in situ cytosensing strategy and the dynamic evaluation of cell‐surface carbohydrate expression. The ECL activity of the presented Con A@Au/Ir‐MSN nanoprobe was greatly enhanced by employing a functionalized nanoparticle and graphene nanomaterial with an increased surface area and simultaneously improved electron‐transfer efficiency at the electrode interface. Under optimal conditions, the sandwich‐type ECL cytosensor showed a linear response to K562 cells at concentrations ranging from 1.0×102 to 1.0×106 cells mL−1 and realized a low detection limit of a single cell. The proposed method could also be successfully used for monitoring the dynamic variation of carbohydrate expression in cancer cells in response to external stimulation by an inhibitor.