bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomically Dispersed Vanadium‐Induced Ru‐V Dual Active Sites Enable Exceptional Performance for Acidic Water Oxidation
Authors: Qin Qing , Li Zijian , Zhao Xuhao , Zhao Hongyan , Zhai Li , Gyu Kim Min , Cho Jaephil , Jang Haeseong , Liu Shangguo , Liu Xien 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRegulating the catalytic reaction pathway to essentially break the activity/stability trade‐off that limits RuO2 and thus achieves exceptional stability and activity for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is important yet challenging. Herein, we propose a novel strategy of incorporating atomically dispersed V species, including O‐bridged V dimers and V single atoms, into RuO2 lattices to trigger direct O−O radical coupling to release O2 without the generation of *OOH intermediates. Vn−RuO2 showed high activity with a low overpotential of 227 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and outstanding stability during a 1050 h test in acidic electrolyte. Operando spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculations revealed that compared with the V single atom‐doping case, the introduction of the V dimer into RuO2 further decreases the Ru‐V atomic distance and weakens the adsorption strength of the *O intermediate to the active V site, which supports the more energetically favorable oxygen radical coupling mechanism (OCM). Furthermore, the highly asymmetric Ru−O−V local structure stabilizes the surface Ru active center by lowering the valence state and increasing the resistance against overoxidation, which result in outstanding stability. This study provides insight into ways of increasing the intrinsic catalytic activity and stability of RuO2 by atomically dispersed species modification.
Positive and negative intergroup contact: Evidence of their interactions in a child sample
Authors: Trifiletti Elena , Shamloo Soraya Elizabeth , Burro Roberto , Vicentini Giada , Raccanello Daniela 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResearch has demonstrated that positive intergroup contact improves intergroup relations among children. However, empirical evidence about how positive and negative intergroup contact relates to intergroup outcomes at different ages is scant. By combining theories and empirical evidence in social and developmental psychology, this study aimed to examine positive and negative intergroup contact in a sample of N = 394, 9 and 12‐year‐old Italian children (females and males). We expected to find interactive effects of positive and negative intergroup contact on outgroup trust and behavioural intentions. Furthermore, for both types of contact, we predicted that associations with intergroup outcomes (outgroup trust, behavioural intentions) would be stronger among older than younger children. Results provided support for the interactive effects of positive and negative intergroup contact (bs ≥ .08, ps ≤ .08, interaction coefficients), but not for age‐related differences. Negative intergroup contact facilitated the effects of positive intergroup contact and positive intergroup contact buffered the effects of negative intergroup contact. These findings suggest that intergroup relations in childhood can be improved by creating opportunities for positive intergroup contact in educational and social settings.
An evaluation of the role of social identity processes for enhancing health outcomes within UK‐based social prescribing initiatives designed to increase social connection and reduce loneliness: A systematic review
Authors: Staras Chase O. , Wakefield Juliet R. H. , McDermott Daragh T. , Jones Bethany A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe UK's National Health Service has introduced Social Prescribing initiatives to tackle loneliness and ill‐health, yet it lacks a theoretical foundation and evidence base for Social Prescribing's effectiveness. Recent research applies the Social Identity Approach to Health (SIAH) to explain Social Prescribing's health benefits, emphasising how social connection unlocks health‐enhancing psychological mechanisms. This systematic review therefore aims to assess UK‐based Social Prescribing programmes designed to boost social connection and alleviate loneliness, examining programme efficacy and the role of SIAH processes in health outcomes. Following PRISMA guidelines, a narrative synthesis of articles published from May 5, 2006 (when social prescribing was first introduced in the NHS), to April 8, 2024, was conducted, and their quality assessed using CONSORT‐SPI (2018). Of these programmes, 10 employed a mixed‐methods design, 8 qualitative and 1 quantitative service evaluation, totalling 3,298 participants. Results indicate that Social Prescribing's psychological value lies in quality rather than quantity of social connections, with meaningful connections fostering shared identity, perceived support and self‐efficacy, the latter of which sustains social engagement post‐programme. The SIAH was a useful tool for mapping mixed‐methods findings onto a common theoretical framework to highlight these key proponents. Overall, this review underscores the importance of SIAH‐informed Social Prescribing interventions in enhancing social connectedness, reducing loneliness, and promoting overall health. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Biological Attributes of Newly Developed NARC‐G1 Garlic Using Response Surface Methodology and Its GC‐MS Characterization
Authors: Ullah Sami , Fayyaz ur Rehman Muhammad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe present paper is a comprehensive study on the optimization of ultrasonic assisted extraction and characterization of valued components from the newly developed garlic cultivar NARC‐G1. The response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction time, solvent‐to‐solid ratio and extraction temperature, for optimal total phenolic contents (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, α‐amylase inhibition, and α‐glucosidase inhibition. Under the optimized conditions (23 min extraction time, 60 °C temperature, and 39 : 1 solvent‐to‐solute ratio) the optimal TPC (13.76 mg GAE/g), DPPH radical scavenging activity (62.76 %), α‐amylase inhibition (71.43 %), and α‐glucosidase inhibition (79.43 %) were obtained. Significant correlations were observed between actual values and predicted values for the selected responses. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), revealed 26 high‐value bioactives, with diallyl disulphide being the most abundant (16.22 %), followed by 2,3‐dihydro‐3,5‐dihydroxy‐6‐methyl, 4H‐pyran‐4‐one and 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural. Additionally, in silico investigation indicated that stigmasterol, arbutin, squalene, α‐tocopherol and linoleic acid were responsible for antihyperglycemic potential. Moreover, antimicrobial activity revealed that S. mutans (19.25±1.98 mm) and L. monocytogenes (19.34±2.04 mm) were the most sensitive, while P. aeruginosa was the least sensitive bacterial strains against the optimized NARC‐G1 garlic extract. This research effectively explains the optimal recovery of high‐valued components from NARC‐G1 and may contribute to nutra‐pharmaceutical and functional food developments.
Suaedamas A‐D: Four New Compounds from the Aerial Parts of Suaeda maritima with Inhibition of NO Production Activity
Authors: Trang Bui Thi Nha , Anh Bui Thi Mai , Mai Nguyen Thi , Cuc Nguyen Thi , Huyen Le Thi , Nga Nhu Thi Hang , Kiem Phan Van , Tai Bui Huu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFour new compounds, suaedamas A–D (1–4), and seven known ones (5–11) were isolated from the aerial parts of Suaeda maritima. Their chemical structures were evaluated by the IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D‐, and 2D‐NMR, experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Compounds 1–6 inhibited nitric oxide production in LPS activated RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values ranging from 29.3 to 85.5 μM, compared to that of the positive control compound, dexamethasone, which showed IC50 value of 13.4 μM.
New Cytotoxic Sesquiterpene Lactones from the Leaves of Tithonia Diversifolia and their Apoptosis Effect Evaluation in KB Cancer Cells
Authors: Tran Minh The , Do Thi Quynh , Phi Thi Dao , Nguyen Thi Thu Ha , Litaudon Marc , Tran Thu Huong , Nguyen Thuy Linh , Pham Van Cuong , Doan Thi Mai Huong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFrom the leaves of Tithonia diversifolia, nine sesquiterpenoids (1–9), including two new ones (tagitinin J (1) and tagitinin K (2)) were isolated and structurally determined. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive analyses of the HRESIMS and NMR spectral data, as well as comparison with the literature. All of the isolated compounds (except compounds 7–9) significantly exhibited cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines (KB, HepG2, A549 and MCF7), with IC50 values ranging from 0.29–17.0 μM, which were in the same range as the positive control ellipticine or even lower. Further, the apoptosis induction effects of two new compounds 1 and 2 were also investigated and reported. While compound 2 did not induce the apoptosis in KB cells at test concentrations, compound 1 was found to possess anti‐proliferative activity through concentration‐dependently inducing cell cycle arrest at S phase, morphological changes, activation of caspase 3, and an increase in the early‐stage apoptosis of KB cells at a concentration of 7.26 μM.
The humoral immune landscape in Parkinson's disease: Unraveling antibody and B cell changes
Authors: Baridjavadi Zahra , Mahmoudi Mahmoud , Abdollahi Narges , Ebadpour Negar , mollazadeh Samaneh , Haghmorad Dariush , Esmaeili Seyed‐Alireza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of α‐synuclein (α‐syn) in the brain and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) region of the brain. Although the role of neuroinflammation and cellular immunity in PD has been extensively studied, the involvement of humoral immunity mediated by antibodies and B cells has received less attention. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current understanding of humoral immunity in PD. Here, we discuss alterations in B cells in PD, including changes in their number and phenotype. Evidence mostly indicates a decrease in the quantity of B cells in PD, accompanied by a shift in the population from naïve to memory cells. Furthermore, the existence of autoantibodies that target several antigens in PD has been investigated (i.e., anti‐α‐syn autoantibodies, anti‐glial‐derived antigen antibodies, anti‐Tau antibodies, antineuromelanin antibodies, and antibodies against the renin‐angiotensin system). Several autoantibodies are generated in PD, which may either provide protection or have harmful effects on disease progression. Furthermore, we have reviewed studies focusing on the utilization of antibodies as a potential treatment for PD, both in animal and clinical trials. This review sheds light on the intricate interplay between antibodies and the pathological processes in PD, including complement system activation.
A 13‐year‐old soccer player presenting with a Morel‐Lavallee lesion of the knee: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Williams Nicholas R. , Guzman Alvarho J. , Waldron Patrick , Vallelanes Ethan , Cheng Samantha J. , Chen James L. 
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical MessageMorel‐Lavallee lesions are uncommon injuries and there is a lack of data to support what the most effective management is. In the case of a young athlete with a small lesion, we propose that conservative treatment with rest and close follow up is appropriate.
Emergence of acute quadriparesis in a young patient following myocardial infarction. A case report
Authors: Daneshyar Sajjad , Khazaei Mojtaba , Nazifi Mozhgan 
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical MessageCerebrovascular events are closely related to cardiac events. Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular stroke. The link between RA, myocardial infarction, and resulting neurological issues highlights the case's complexity, stressing the need for a comprehensive, interdisciplinary medical approach.
Severe hypokalemia mimicking classical electrocardiographic pattern of left Main coronary artery disease: A case report and a focused review of the literature
Authors: Humberto Vásquez Lozano Sergio , Orlando Porras Bueno Cristian , Fernando Ruiz Hernández Gabriel , Lucero Olarte Jurado Mabel , Rueda Maria Paula Blanco 
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical MessageSeveral electrocardiographic alterations due to hypokalemia have been described, but the electrocardiographic presentation meeting criteria for occlusion of the left main coronary artery is very rare. We describe a case of hypokalemia simulating it.
A case of porokeratosis with a variety of morphological manifestations
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Shi Weiwei , Wang Jun , Zhang Ruzhi 
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis case illustrates the clinical heterogeneity of porokeratosis (PK), with a patient presenting with both disseminated superficial actinic PK‐like facial lesions and PK of Mibelli‐like lesions on the buttocks and lower limbs. Ultraviolet exposure, infection, and immunosuppression may contribute to the manifestation of multiple clinical forms in a single patient. Close monitoring for potential malignant transformation is essential, particularly in elderly patients with long disease duration and a history of oncological conditions.
Catalytic Synthesis of Fluoroalkyl Ketones
Authors: Li Shun‐Xi , Du Hai‐Wu , Li Yu‐Long , Shu Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFluoroalkyl ketones are a class of structural motifs which are ubiquitous in bioactive molecules, and serve as synthons for diverse value‐added fluorine‐containing targets. The presence of fluorine significantly alters the lipophilicity and bioactivity of alkyl ketones as well as imposes additional challenges on the synthesis of fluoroalkyl ketones. Traditional methods for the synthesis of fluoroalkyl ketones heavily rely on multiple‐step manipulations which require stoichiometric reagents and suffer from low efficiency. Thus, the development of synthesizing fluoroalkyl ketones enabled by catalytic methods is highly valuable yet challenging. This Concept summarizes the recent renaissance in developing catalytic methods for the synthesis of fluoroalkyl ketones with diverse substitution patterns from different fluorine‐containing precursors. In addition, further efforts for catalytic method development are also discussed.
In‐Situ Electrolyte for Electrosynthesis: Scalable Anodically‐Enabled One‐Pot Sequence from Aldehyde to Isoxazol(in)es
Authors: Al‐Romema Abdulaziz A. , Xia Honglin , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Tsogoeva Svetlana B. , Nikolaienko Pavlo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectrochemical transformations are considered a green alternative to classical redox chemistry as it eliminates the necessity for toxic and waste producing redox reagents. Typical electrochemical reactions require the addition of a supporting electrolyte – an ionic compound to facilitate reaction medium conductivity. However, this is often accompanied by an increase in the amount of produced waste. Here, we report an “in‐situ electrolyte” concept for facile, transition‐metal‐free, additive‐free one‐pot electrochemical preparation of isoxazol(in)es, important scaffolds for biologically active natural and synthetic molecules, from the respective aldehydes. The protocol utilizes no halogenated solvents and no external oxidants, while salt side‐products provide the ionic conductivity necessary for the electrosynthesis. The electrolysis is performed in an undivided cell, using the state‐of‐the‐art electrodes for the chlor‐alkali industry dimensionally stable and scalable mixed metal oxide anode and platinized titanium cathode of high durability. The cascade transformation comprises the condensation of aldehyde to oxime followed by its anodic oxidation and subsequent intra‐ and/or intermolecular [3+2] cycloadditions with an appropriate dipolarophile. Chemical yields up to 97 %, and good Faradaic efficiency, scalability, and stability are observed for most substrates in a broad scope.
Assay for Characterizing Adsorption‐Properties of Surfaces (APS)
Authors: Siebels Bente , Moritz Manuela , Hübler Diana , Gocke Antonia , Riedner Maria , Voß Hannah , Schlüter Hartmut 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAnalytes, from sample preparation, until entering an analytical instrument, are prone to adsorb to surfaces, driven by the chemical properties of the surface and the liquids they are dissolved in. This problem can be addressed with internal standards when a single or few known analytes are quantified that are usually not available in omics. However, minimal to no loss of analytes is the aim. Here, we present a novel assay for qualifying and quantifying interactions responsible for adsorption of molecules to surfaces (APS) by using LC–MS/MS‐based differential quantitative analysis. To reflect a broad range of chemical interactions with surfaces, a reference mixture of thousands of tryptic peptides, with known compositions was selected, representing a variety of different chemical characteristics. The assay was tested by investigating the adsorption properties of several different vials with different surface chemistries. A significant number of hydrophobic peptides adsorbed to conventional polypropylene vials. In contrast, only few peptides adsorbed to polypropylene vials, assigned as low‐protein‐binding. The highest number of peptides adsorbed to glass vials driven by electrostatic interactions. In summary, the new assay is suitable to characterize adsorption properties of different surfaces and to approximate the loss of analytes during sample preparation.
Targeted Therapy With Vemurafenib in Brazilian Children With Refractory Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: Two Case Reports and Review of Literature
Authors: Silva Klerize Anecely de Souza , Magalhães Isis Maria Quezado Soares , Benincasa Daniela Elaine Roth , Cecconello Daiane Keller , Michalowski Mariana Bohns 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a clonal myeloid neoplasm with inflammatory component. Refractory disease is a challenge, but vemurafenib has emerged as a therapeutic option. We will delineate the cases of two Brazilian children suffering from refractory LCH with a positive response to vemurafenib.CasesBoth cases had a diagnosis of multisystem disease with involvement of organs at risk and had not responded to standard and second‐line treatment. After refractoriness to classic treatment regimens, the BRAF mutation was investigated and found to be positive in both patients, and target therapy with vemurafenib was sought. The first case has been using vemurafenib for about 2 years and the second case has been using it for about 3 years, having had an attempt to suspend the medication after concomitant use with maintenance therapy. However, the disease returned 4 months after stopping the medication. Fortunately, the disease returned to remission status after the medication was reintroduced.ConclusionThese cases represent the first reported instances of off‐label vemurafenib use in Brazil for the treatment of LCH and both patients have demonstrated excellent responses to the medication. However, the long‐term side effects are unknown in children, and prospective studies are needed. In addition, there is a lack of epidemiological data on histiocytosis in Brazil and studies evaluating the budgetary impact of incorporating BRAF mutation research and the use of vemurafenib into the public health system. These reports could be a starting point.
Porous Pd‐Loaded IRMOF‐9 as Highly Efficient Recyclable Material Towards the Reduction of Nitroaromatics in Aqueous Media
Authors: Rimi  , Kumar Ravi , Uttam Bhawna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNitroaromatic compounds (NACs) cause severe hazardous impacts on human health as well as on the environment. Therefore, there is dire need to develop a robust material to reduce the toxicity of these organic pollutants. In this regard, our group developed a series of porous MOF materials viz., Pdx@IRMOF‐9 (x=2 %, 5 % and 10 %) by loading different concentration of Pd(II) on IRMOF‐9 and explored them towards reduction of different nitroaromatic compounds. Pd10%@IRMOF‐9showed ~30 % greater efficiency for the reduction of 4‐NP as compared to Pd2%@IRMOF‐9. Pd10%@IRMOF‐9showed excellent reduction ability (>85 %) towards 4‐NP, 2‐NP, 2‐NA, 3‐NA and 2,4‐DNPH. The kinetic studies indicates that the reduction follows the pseudo‐first‐order kinetics. Moreover, the rate constant value for reduction of 3‐NA was ~9 times higher than that of 2‐NP. Based on the kinetic parameters, the t1/2 values for all the nitroaromatics have been calculated. The kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax have been calculated from double reciprocal Lineweaver‐Burk plot and found to be 65.984 μM and 116×10−6 Mmin−1 respectively. Pd10%@IRMOF‐9showed excellent recyclability towards the reduction of 4‐NP for few consecutive cycles without any remarkable loss in its activity. Thus, highly efficient, porous and robust material for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds in aqueous media have been demonstrated.
Synthesis and Characterization of Thiol‐Ene Networks Derived from Levoglucosenone
Authors: Timilsina Mahesh Prasad , Stanfield Melissa K. , Smith Jason A. , Thickett Stuart C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLevoglucosenone (LGO), a renewable compound obtained from cellulose biomass, has been utilized to prepare novel monomers bearing alkene functional groups. These monomer derivatives of LGO were subsequently cured via ultraviolet (UV)‐initiated radical thiol‐ene “click” chemistry with commercially available multifunctional thiols to obtain colourless, optically transparent cross‐linked thermosets. The monomers prepared in this work are unique due to utilising the internal double bond of the LGO ring during polymerization as part of the cross‐linked network. The thermal and mechanical properties along with the degradation of thermosets containing both ether and ester linkages within the LGO monomers were studied. These thermosets had tensile strengths of 1.3–3.3 MPa, glass transition temperatures between 23.2 and 27.2 °C, and good thermal stability of up to 300 °C.
Superprotonic Conductivity by Synergistic Blending of Coordination Polymers with Organic Polymers: Fabrication of Durable and Flexible Proton Exchange Membranes
Authors: Dawn Mouli Das , Roy Sambit , Garai Abhijit , Banerjee Susanta , Biradha Kumar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCreation of an efficient and cost‐effective proton exchange membrane (PEM) has emerged as a propitious solution to address the challenges of renewable energy development. Coordination polymers (CPs) have garnered significant interest due to their multifunctional applications and moldability, along with long‐range order. To leverage the potential of CPs in fuel cells, it is essential to integrate microcrystalline CPs into organic polymers to prepare membranes and avoid grain boundary issues. In this study, we designed and synthesized CPs containing imidazole and sulfonate moieties via gel‐to‐crystal transformation. The integration of CPs into the PVDF‐PVP matrix resulted in superprotonic conductivity in the order of 10−2 S cm−1 at room temperature (30 °C) and 98 % RH. The proton conductivity achieved with CP‐integrated composite membrane was 4.69×10−2 S cm−1 at 80 °C and 98 % RH, the highest among all CP/MOF‐integrated PVDF‐PVP membranes under hydrous conditions. The excellent compatibility of CPs with PVDF‐PVP produced highly flexible membranes with superior mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability. About 25 times higher proton conductivity value was achieved with membrane, compared to intrinsic CPs, at RT and 98 % RH. Thus, we present a cost‐effective CP‐integrated mixed‐matrix membrane with superprotonic conductivity and long‐term durability for cutting‐edge fuel cell development.