bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why did not all studies conducted during Darfur’s armed conflict between 2004 and 2012 obtain ethics approval? Insights from a Qualitative Study
Authors: Hussein Ghaiath , Elmusharaf Khalifa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Armed conflicts are associated with multiple factors that may deem applying the ethical standards of research conducted in war-affected areas hard to achieve, compared to research conducted in peace time.
Objective
Using the example of studies conducted by the humanitarian agencies in the war-troubled region of Darfur, west Sudan between 2004 and 2012, a qualitative study was pursued to have a deeper understanding of the factors that affected the reporting of gaining the ethical approval in the published reports of these studies.
Methods
A qualitative study was used that involved conducting interviews and focus groups with the relevant stakeholders, namely the representatives of the national and international non-governmental organizations, UN agencies, and the national humanitarian and research governance bodies in Sudan.
Results
38 participants were involved (5 interviewees and 33 participants in the focus groups). The participants expressed a consensus on the need for an ethical oversight for research in the humanitarian settings in Sudan and particularly Darfur. Following a thematic analysis, four main themes were identified to explain why the humanitarian studies in Darfur were not submitted to formal ethical approval. These are 1) Inconsistent definitions of research, 2) Perceptions of low-risk, 3) Perceived urgency due to emergency context, 4) Prior study or tool approval, and 5) Lack of knowledge about ethics review procedures.
Conclusion
Institutional gaps in humanitarian governance structures are identified, urging the need for specialized ethics oversight mechanisms. The dynamic nature of humanitarian crises prompts nuanced approaches to ethical scrutiny, emphasizing policy initiatives to harmonize research and humanitarian governance frameworks and learning lessons from research ethics oversight in public health emergencies.
Factors associated with late diagnosis of prostate cancer in Togo, Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Darré Tchin , Djiwa Toukilnan , Padja Essodina , Simgban Panakinao , Sama Bagassam , Bombone Mayi , Sewa Edoé , Napo-Koura Gado 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background : Prostate cancer represents a real public health issue in countries with limited resources and is often diagnosed at late stages. The aim of the study was to determine the factors associated with late diagnosis of prostate cancer in Togo.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a descriptive and analytical, relating to cases of prostate cancer, diagnosed in the Urology department and histologically confirmed at the Pathological Anatomy and Cytology Laboratory of the Lomé; from April 4, 2022 to April 28, 2023, in Togo.
Results: A total, 102 cases of prostate cancer were recorded. The average age was 67.79 ± 8.5 years. The mean PSA level was 521.3933±1060 ng/ml. Histologically, it was acinar adenocarcinoma in 99.02%. All patients in our study were diagnosed at the late stage with 31.37% pT3NxMx stage and 68.63% pT4NxMx stage of the pTNM classification. It was Gleason score 9 in 31 patients (30.39%). After multivariate analysis, two factors were associated with late diagnosis of prostate cancer : diagnostic error (p-value = 0.032; ORC = 1.30; 95% CI [1.10-24.9]); taking a second opinion (p-value = 0.0170; ORa = 2.62; 95% CI [2.01-4.7]). However, factors involving easy access to the health system before prostate cancer diagnosis appear to be major protective factors for diagnosis at an advanced stage of disease.
Conclusion: The diagnosis error and the taking of a second opinion are the factors on which it will be necessary to act to make an early diagnosis of prostate cancer in our context.
The Differential Diagnosis between Cushing’s Disease and Pseudocushing
Syndrome in a Pre-agonic Patient
Authors: De Sanctis Simone Antonio , Chiloiro Sabrina , Tanzarella Eloisa Sofia , Bongiovanni Filippo , Giampietro Antonella , De Pascale Gennaro , De Marinis Laura , Antonelli Massimo , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Bianchi Antonio 
Published: July 2024

Background:
The pseudo-Cushing's encompass several disorders that can occur in
high-stress situations and that show biochemical features like those of Cushing's syndrome. We
present a case with difficult differential diagnosis for overlapping laboratory findings.

Case Report:
A 74-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for worsening dyspnoea for a
month, 15 kilograms of weight loss in the previous months, asthenia, hypotonia, and muscle
hypotrophy. Moreover, due to the onset of acute hypoxic-hypercapnic respiratory failure, the
patient was treated with non-invasive ventilation and then admitted to the intensive care unit, for
pneumonia and respiratory failure due to Meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and
Klebsiella Aerogenes. Antibiotic therapy was started. During the treatment in the ICU, the patient
underwent endotracheal intubation for the worsening of respiratory function, and inotropic
drug therapy was introduced for the development of septic shock. Hormones were tested, showing
an ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism. The results of Nugent, Liddle, and the dexamethasone-
suppressed CRH stimulation tests suggested a not-neoplastic ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism.
The pituitary contrasted magnetic resonance image showed gland hypertrophy, and
the abdominal computed tomography ruled out adrenal lesions. Unfortunately, the patient developed
a multi-organ failure and died. The autopsy finding confirmed the absence of pituitary
and other neuroendocrine tumors and showed bilateral adrenal hypotrophy.

Conclusion:
Our clinical case described a patient with pseudo-Cushing's syndrome during sepsis
and pre-agonist phase, with a difficult differential diagnosis, in which the combination of the
low-dose dexamethasone suppression test and the CRH test allowed a conclusive and correct
diagnostic orientation.
Intention in coastal environments for agricultural usage: a review of design thinking approaches
Authors: Li Suhui , Jing Yaxin , Yang Jun , Cho Jounghyung 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Through a systematic and comprehensive literature review, this review navigates the landscape of existing research, unveiling connections, emerging trends, and opportunities for innovation within the domains of agricultural usage intention and design thinking within coastal development. The review’s synthesis underscores the pivotal role of design thinking principles in deciphering intentions for agricultural usage within coastal environments. The methodology is systematic, encompassing prominent databases and unfiltered searches. Through comprehensive exploration, the study offers a holistic perspective on the intricate dynamics between intentions for agricultural usage and design thinking within coastal environments. In the process of assembling articles for inclusion, prominent electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed were utilized. In all, 635 articles were found during the preliminary screening. A total of 28 papers were found to be suitable for the systematic review after a thorough inspection. Amid this exploration, emerging trends and innovative methodologies, including geospatial analyses and immersive technologies, enrich our understanding of agricultural usage intentions. The review identifies research gaps and invites future inquiries, such as cultural nuances and the synergy between evolving design thinking paradigms and coastal realms. As a contribution to sustainable coastal development, this manuscript echoes the call for human-centric, design-driven strategies that resonate with diverse coastal stakeholders, ensuring a harmonious coexistence of agricultural pursuits and ecological preservation.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA FUERZA Y EXTENSIBILIDAD CON PATINADORES DE CARRERAS SOBRE LA PRUEBA DE 1000 METROS DE LA LIGA DE NORTE DE SANTANDER
Authors: Peñaloza Sarabia Jhon Paul , Lozano Zapata Rafael Enrique 
Published: July 2024

La fuerza es una condición muy importante en competición, ayuda a mejorar las marcas durante la misma, a su vez la flexibilidad, previene lesiones y aporta mayor amplitud en sus movimientos, por ello, es indispensable trabajar con diferentes cargas e intensidades, lo cual generó el objetivo ¨Caracterizar la fuerza y extensibilidad con los patinadores de la Liga de Norte de Santander¨. La investigación fue descriptiva, ya que los datos se registraron una sola vez, así caracterizar los deportistas. Se conocieron las variables antropométricas de los deportistas, posteriormente test de flexibilidad (Sit and Reach), test de fuerza (1RM) y test de potencia miembros inferiores (Bosco) y por ultimo prueba de 1000 metros en la pista; algunos resultados relevantes encontrados con la muestra de 33 patinadores, 9 hombres y 24 mujeres con edades comprendidas 15 ± 1,69 años, se ha encontrado un porcentaje graso 9,14 ± 1,10 % en hombres y 17,35 ± 2,43 % en mujeres, en la potencia de miembros inferiores en el test de Bosco los hombres tuvieron 79,76 ± 16,64 kgm/seg y mujeres 65,61 ± 10,70 kgm/seg, en el test de RM se encontró para hombres 84,29 ± 27,70 kg y para mujeres 70 ± 16,14 kg, en el test de flexibilidad hombres de 4,92 ± 0,86 cm, mujeres 11,31 ± 0,10 cm, se observa en hombres mayor fuerza en miembros inferiores en comparación con las mujeres, pero las mujeres presentan mayor flexibilidad, al comparar con los tiempos en la prueba de los 1000 metros, se observa en hombres un tiempo 1´38¨ ± 5,91 min/seg y las mujeres 1´41¨ ± 8,36 min/seg, concluyendo, la fuerza es un buen predictor de la condición y representa tener mejores marcas en relación a la flexibilidad, pero este factor es fundamental para minimizar los riesgos de lesión y así poder optimizar el rendimiento.
Mioma nascens: reporte de caso
Authors: Galvis Mantilla Mario Alfredo , Rojas Valencia Evelyn , Ortiz Diaz Edna Daniela , Vathiotis Macedo Antonella Konstantina 
Published: July 2024

Los leiomiomas son los tumores ginecológicos más frecuentes y se observan en alrededor del 20% de las mujeres mayores de 35 años, hay distintos tipos de leiomiomas los cuales se clasifican según su localización; subserosa, intramural, submucosa, ligamento ancho o cervical. En el presente caso clínico se hablará sobre leiomiomas tipo 0 submucosos pediculado prolapsado o también conocido como “mioma nascens” que tienen una prevalencia en menos del 2.5% de la población, en este caso la paciente contaba con una sintomatología de varios meses por lo que se optó por tratamiento quirúrgico, Objetivo Principal: Describir las características clínico patológico o quirúrgicas de un caso clínico de interés. Conclusión: Mioma Nacens ocurre en un 1% de los casos en la población y en 2, 5% en adolescentes, tiene una clínica clara y característica que se puede diagnosticar principalmente, por examen físico con especuloscopia. La elección a su resolución es la miomectomía vaginal por lo seguro, corto, simple, definitivo del tratamiento.
Indicadores de Gestión del Talento Humano: Base Estratégica para Fortalecer la Conducta y Mantener Organizaciones Competitivas
Authors: Hernández M. Filadelfia , Suárez J. Rosario , García A Aída D. 
Published: July 2024

El articulo aborda el tema de indicadores de gestión de talento humano, con el propósito de demostrar cuales los indicadores que le permitan a las organizaciones establecer estrategias, para que su personal esté capacitado y pueda adaptarse ante circunstancias cambiantes, así como lograr las metas establecidas por la empresa, el objeto de estudio fue de análisis descriptivo, con información analizados de diversas fuentes. Los resultados analizados, muestran cómo implementar los indicadores adecuados para evaluar el desempeño de cada trabajador e identificar la contribución que hacen dentro de la empresa, a fin de mejorar su rendimiento en conclusión los indicadores de gestión ayudan a fortalecer la conducta del personal y establecer estrategias que le permitan ser más competitivas las empresas con buenos elementos que son aptos y tienen las habilidades y talentos necesarios para lograr cumplir las metas de la organización.
¿Cómo evaluar el frenillo lingual en Neonatos?
Authors: Llanos-Redondo Andrés , Campos María-Del Carmen 
Published: July 2024

Introducción: En la evaluación del frenillo lingual del no hay homogeneidad, ni criterios clínicos universales para su diagnóstico, se fundamentan en características clínicas y funcionales del frenillo lingual, identificadas principalmente por la observación clínica, con base a criterios anatómicos y funcionales. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica desde junio de 2022 hasta marzo de 2023 en las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo y Scopus, se incluyeron los artículos en español e inglés publicados en los últimos 5 años que trataran específicamente sobre la evaluación de frenillo lingual en neonatos. Resultados: Se examinaron 73 referencias bibliográficas, de las cuales se seleccionaron 12 artículos relacionados con nuestro objetivo de estudio: 4 revisiones, 7 estudios observacionales y 1 declaración de expertos. Análisis y Discusiones: Existen varios protocolos para la evaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos, aunque se tiene establecido un proceso principalmente clínico en el que se hacen pruebas sobre movilidad, forma y aspecto de la lengua, así como valoraciones funcionales en la lactancia materna. Conclusiones. Es necesario realizar una validación completa de los protocolos de evaluación del frenillo lingual al español.
PROJECT OF THE EXEMPLARY EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME OF THE PRIMARY SPECIALISATION (INTERNSHIP) «FORENSIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION»
Authors: Mishalov Volodymyr , Bachynskyi Viktor , Dyadyk Olena , Gurina Oksana , Zaritska Valentyna , Varfolomeiev Yevhenii 
Published: July 2024

The article proposes a project of a 2-year model educational programme of primary specialisation (internship) «Forensic medical examination» for training of forensic doctors in Ukraine.
Aim of the work. To provide information about the project of 2-year model educational program of primary specialisation (internship) "Forensic Medicine" for training of forensic doctors in Ukraine.
Results. The total duration of internship in specialisation «Forensic medical examination» is 2 years: 22 months, 3960 hours, 132 credits of the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System, including 1) 6 months of training in the department and related departments (1080 hours, 36 ECTS credits). According to the requirements of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the trainee stays at the Department for no more than 3 months during an academic year; 2) 16 months internship at the State specialised institution «Forensic Medical Examination Bureau» (2880 hours, 96 credits of the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System).
Conclusions. The proposed project of a two-year model educational program of the primary specialization (internship) «Forensic medical examination» and the curriculum containing a full volume of systematized theoretical knowledge and a sufficient volume of practical skills, the mastery of which is necessary for the quality education of a doctor-specialist in the specialization «Forensic medical expert».
SEKOLAH DELI MAATSCHAPPIJ: SAKSI BISU PERGERAKAN TAN MALAKA DALAM PENDIDIKAN (1919-1921)
Authors: Apriadi Haikal Salman , Aruan Mutiara , Pratama Mhd Reza , Afrida Zeini Sealsa , Rambe Tappil 
Published: July 2024

Dalam perjalanan Tan malaka dari suliki Sumatera Barat hingga ke haarlem Belanda, ia melewati berbagai kondisi untuk dapat menyelesaikan pendidikan lanjutannya di Belanda hingga sampainya Tan malaka ke Tanah Deli. Deli menjadi sebuah kisah dan lembaran awal serta baru bagi Tan Malaka setelah menyelesaikan studinya di Belanda. Tan Malaka diminta untuk menjadi Guru di sekolah di perkebunan Tembakau Sanembah Deli yang membawa banyak pengalaman dalam waktu yang cukup singkat. Setelah kepulangannya ke kampung halaman, ia benar-benar melihat realitas yang sebenar-benarnya di lingkungan perkebunan Tembakau Sanembah Deli. Pandangannya sangat berbeda dari sebelum dan sesudah ia sampai di Deli. Di perkebunan Sanembah Deli ini, Tan malaka melihat banyak ketidak adilan yang dilakukan oleh kolonial belanda terhadap para kuli di Deli. Ia berusaha bertahan di Deli dan memberikan pengajaran yang layak pada anak-anak kuli kontrak tersebut dengan mengajarkan membaca, berhitung, menulis dan mengajarkan Bahasa melayu sebagai Bahasa pengantar dalam pembelajaran namun beberapa sistem pengajaran yang diterapkan Tan malaka di sekolah ini ditentang oleh Tuan kebun yang ada di Deli. Sekolah Deli Maatschapij inilah yang menjadi saksi dan bukti bahwa Tan malaka dalam perjalanan perjuangannya pernah sampai ke Tanah Deli untuk dapat memberikan pendidikan yang layak pada anak-anak kuli di Deli.
IMPROVING HISTORY LEARNING OUTCOMES THROUGH THE DISCOVERY LEARNING MODEL FOR CLASS XII STUDENTS AT SMAN 2 MEDAN
Authors: Sihombing Lamsar Latinus , Nugraha Muhammad Adika , Aisyah Sitti 
Published: July 2024

This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of the Discovery Learning learning model in improving student learning outcomes in history subjects at the senior high school level. The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Medan, with the research subjects being class XII students. The experimental research method was used with a pre-test and post-test control group design. The experimental group applied the Discovery Learning learning model, while the control group applied conventional learning. Data was collected through pre- and post-tests as well as classroom observations. Data analysis was carried out using an independent t-test. The research results showed that students who participated in learning using the Discovery Learning model produced significant improvements in their learning outcomes compared to the control group. This research concludes that the application of the Discovery Learning model is effective in improving the history learning outcomes of class XII students at SMA Negeri 2 Medan. Implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed. Thus, the conclusion of this research is that the Discovery Learning learning model has the potential to improve student learning outcomes and make a significant contribution to efforts to improve the quality of education at SMA Negeri 2 Medan and perhaps also in other educational institutions.
Optimization of Management of BUMDes: The Case in East Java Province
Authors: Basalamah Muhammad Ridwan , Mawardi M. Cholid 
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to describe the use of village assets in increasing the village's original income through BUMDes in Ketapanrame Village, Trawas District, Mojokerto Regency, East Java Province. This research type is qualitative research using a three-stage approach, namely the first stage with a community-based research approach. Second Stage In-depth Interview. The third stage of the Focus Group Discussion approach. The study results indicate that the management of Village-Owned Enterprises located in Ketapanrame Village, Mojokerto Regency, East Java Province, follows existing village regulations starting from the underlying legal basis, the articles of association and bylaws compiled, as well as the organizational structure. BUMDes in Ketapanrame village, East Java province, have been well managed, so that to date, they have five business units, namely, Drinking Water Management Unit, Environmental Hygiene Unit, Land and Cage Management Unit, Tourism Unit and Savings and Loans Business Unit and Partnership.
Factors Influencing Tax Avoidance : An Empirical Study on the Indonesian Stock Exchange
Authors: Nurdin Fajar , Nadia Nadia 
Published: July 2024

The study aimed to determine the effect of returns on assets, leverage, and political connections to the level of tax avoidance . This research was conducted on food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019. The sample collection technique is purposive sampling and obtained a total of 11 companies. The type of data used is secondary data in the form of the company's annual financial statements obtained from the IDX website or the company's website . Data analysis uses multiple linear regression tests with the help of SPSS software version 20. The results of tests that have been done stated that the return on assets has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance. While leverage and political connections have a significant positive effect on tax avoidance. Simultaneous returns on assets, leverage ,and political connections affect tax avoidance, with an influence rate of 35.6% while the remaining 64.4% can be described by other independent variables not included in the study
The Relationships of Dust and Total Masses of Luminous Infrared Galaxies with Their Far Infrared and Total Luminosities Using Two Methods of Distance Measurements
Authors: Shaker Farah Z. , Al Najm M. N. 
Published: July 2024

This research aims to determine the nature of the relationships among luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) by using different methods of distance measurement (distance modulus “dm” and luminosity distance “dl”). We used data from the following sources: NASA Extragalactic Database (NED) and the HYPERLEDA database, where this data was used to study the nature of the relationships and the extent to which they relate to each other. The program (statistica-win-program) was employed, which helped us know the strength of the association between the variables. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there was a strong correlation between dust mass (Mdust dm & Mdust dl) and luminous infrared (LFIRdm, LIRdm) & (LFIRdl, LIRdl), where the partial correlation coefficient was equal to (R⋍0.7) and the slope was linear. There was also a positive correlation between (LFIRdm, LFIRdl)& ( ) where the partial correlation coefficient was (R⋍0.4) with a linear slope. The relationship between (LIR)& ( ) was a positive relation in the modulus distance case (dm), where its correlation was equal to (R⋍0.4), but in another case (luminosity distance), the relation was very weak, and the correlation was (R⋍0.2). The relationship between total masses ( ) & (LFIRdm, dl­­) in both cases of distance (dm) & (dl) was good, and the partial correlation coefficient was equal to (R⋍0.4) with a linear slope. The relationship between (LIR) & ( ) in both cases of distance was also positive, and the partial correlation coefficient was equal to (R⋍0.3). There was an inverse relationship between the ratio fluxes (F100/F60) & ( ), as well as a very tight partial correlation coefficient, which was equal to (R⋍-0.9) with a slope of (-1).