bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Assessment of Inbreeding and Outbreeding Depression in a Captive‐Breeding Program
Authors: ROLLINSON NJAL , KEITH DAVE M. , HOUDE AIMEE LEE S. , DEBES PAUL V. , MCBRIDE MEGHAN C. , HUTCHINGS JEFFREY A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCaptive‐breeding programs can be implemented to preserve the genetic diversity of endangered populations such that the controlled release of captive‐bred individuals into the wild may promote recovery. A common difficulty, however, is that programs are founded with limited wild broodstock, and inbreeding can become increasingly difficult to avoid with successive generations in captivity. Program managers must choose between maintaining the genetic purity of populations, at the risk of inbreeding depression, or interbreeding populations, at the risk of outbreeding depression. We evaluate these relative risks in a captive‐breeding program for 3 endangered populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). In each of 2 years, we released juvenile F1and F2interpopulation hybrids, backcrosses, as well as inbred and noninbred within‐population crosstypes into 9 wild streams. Juvenile size and survival was quantified in each year. Few crosstype effects were observed, but interestingly, the relative fitness consequences of inbreeding and outbreeding varied from year to year. Temporal variation in environmental quality might have driven some of these annual differences, by exacerbating the importance of maternal effects on juvenile fitness in a year of low environmental quality and by affecting the severity of inbreeding depression differently in different years. Nonetheless, inbreeding was more consistently associated with a negative effect on fitness, whereas the consequences of outbreeding were less predictable. Considering the challenges associated with a sound risk assessment in the wild and given that the effect of inbreeding on fitness is relatively predictable, we suggest that risk can be weighted more strongly in terms of the probable outcome of outbreeding. Factors such as genetic similarities between populations and the number of generations in isolation can sometimes be used to assess outbreeding risk, in lieu of experimentation.Evaluación del Riesgo de Depresión por Endogamia y Exogamia en un Programa de Reproducción en Cautiverio
Complex responses of birds to landscape‐level fire extent, fire severity and environmental drivers
Authors: Lindenmayer David B. , Blanchard Wade , McBurney Lachlan , Blair David , Banks Sam C. , Driscoll Don A. , Smith Annabel L. , Gill A. M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimTo quantify bird responses to a large unplanned fire, taking into consideration landscape‐level fire severity and extent, pre‐fire site detection frequency and environmental gradients.LocationSouth‐easternAustralia.MethodsA major wildfire in 2009 coincided with a long‐term study of birds and provided a rare opportunity to quantify bird responses to wildfire. Using hierarchicalBayesian analysis, we modelled bird species richness and the detection frequency of individual species in response to a suite of explanatory variables, including (1) landscape‐level fire severity and extent (2) pre‐fire detection frequency, (3) site‐level vegetation density and (4) environmental variables (e.g. elevation and topography).ResultsLandscape‐level fire severity had strong effects on bird species richness and the detection frequency of the majority of bird species. These effects varied markedly between species; most responded negatively to amount of severely burned forest in the landscape, one negatively to the amount of moderately burned forest and one responded negatively to the total area of burned forest. Only one species – theFlameRobin – responded positively to the amount of burned forest. Relationships with landscape‐scale fire extent changed over time for one species – theBrownThornbill – with initially depressed rates of detection recovering after just 2 years. The majority of species were significantly more likely to be detected in burned areas if they have been recorded there prior to the fire.Main conclusionsBirds responded strongly to the severity and spatial extent of fire. They also exhibited strong site fidelity even after severe wildfire which causes profound changes in vegetation cover – a response likely influenced by environmental features such as elevation and topography.
Encounter Satisfaction in E‐tailing: Are the Relationships of Order Fulfillment Service Quality with its Antecedents and Consequences Moderated by Historical Satisfaction?
Authors: Koufteros Xenophon , Droge Cornelia , Heim Gregory , Massad Nelson , Vickery Shawnee K. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on whether historical satisfaction with an e‐tailer (HSat) moderates baseline relationships in order fulfillment service quality models. HSat is defined as satisfaction with the e‐tailer spanning all transactions except the current encounter. Encounter satisfaction (ESat) is defined as the consumer's satisfaction with the current transaction. In the baseline model, four order fulfillment service quality (OFSQ) dimensions managerially relevant to consumer e‐tailing are examined: timeliness, availability, condition, and billing accuracy. The baseline structural model results support that OFSQ dimensions impact ESat, which in turn predicts two key consequences—repurchase intention and word‐of‐mouth. Adaptation theory is used to model the role of HSat, while controlling for transaction recency, vendor familiarity, and competitive pricing. HSat is shown to have pervasive main and interaction effects upon all baseline model relationships. These moderation effects have great managerial relevance. For example, the results illustrate a phenomenon similar to the service recovery paradox, wherein when a negative service encounter is followed by a highly positive service recovery event, previously dissatisfied consumers, as compared to previously satisfied consumers, respond with higher levels of current satisfaction. For managers, this finding is encouraging because policies that create highly positive events for consumers can thus supersede past negative experiences. Our results show however that HSat cannot be completely superseded by current OFSQ or current ESat.
Quantity Flexibility Contract in the Presence of Discount Incentive
Authors: Chung Wenming , Talluri Srinivas , Narasimhan Ram 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTWe design a new contract, which we refer to as the QFi contract, that combines the quantity flexibility (QF) mechanism and the price‐only discount incentive. Under the QF contract, the buyer does not assume full responsibility for the forecast, yet the supplier guarantees the availability of the forecasted quantity and extra buffer inventory. In contrast, the price‐only discount contract places full inventory burden on the buyer. We show that the proposed QFi contract effectively balances the inventory risk for both the buyer and the supplier considering both the QF and discount mechanisms. We also show that the QFi contract is able to achieve supply chain coordination. More importantly, the QFi contract's coordinating price scheme does not require knowledge of demand distribution. We identify areas where the buyer and supplier may both benefit from implementing the QFi contract as opposed to the extant QF or price‐only (wholesale) discount contractual decisions in a decentralized supply chain. We also specify the conditions under which supply chain coordination can be achieved in a win‐win manner. We conclude with managerial implications and provide directions for future research.
Prevention of type 2 diabetes; a systematic review and meta‐analysis of different intervention strategies
Authors: Merlotti C. , Morabito A. , Pontiroli A. E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimDifferent intervention strategies can prevent type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Aim of the present systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of different strategies.MethodsStudies were grouped into 15 different strategies: 1: diet plus physical activity; 2: physical activity; 3–6: anti‐diabetic drugs [glitazones, metformin, beta‐cell stimulating drugs (sulphanylureas, glinides), alfa‐glucosidase inhibitors]; 7–8: cardiovascular drugs (ACE inhibitors, ARB, calcium antagonists); 9–14 [diets, lipid‐affecting drugs (orlistat, bezafibrate), vitamins, micronutrients, estrogens, alcohol, coffee]; 15: bariatric surgery. Only controlled studies were included in the analysis, whether randomized, non‐randomized, observational studies, whether primarily designed to assess incident cases of diabetes, or performed with other purposes, such as control of hypertension, of ischemic heart disease or prevention of cardiovascular events. Appropriate methodology [preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) statement] was used. Seventy‐one studies (490 813 subjects), published as full papers, were analysed to identify predictors of new cases of T2DM, and were included in a meta‐analysis (random‐effects model) to study the effect of different strategies. Intervention effect (new cases of diabetes) was expressed as odds ratio (OR), with 95% confidence intervals (C.I.s). Publication bias was formally assessed.ResultsBody mass index was in the overweight range for 13 groups, obese or morbidly obese in lipid‐affecting drugs and in bariatric surgery. Non‐surgical strategies, except for beta‐cell stimulating drugs, estrogens and vitamins, were able to prevent T2DM, with different effectiveness, from 0.37 (C.I. 0.26–0.52) to 0.85 (C.I. 0.77–0.93); the most effective strategy was bariatric surgery in morbidly obese subjects [0.16 (C.I. 0.11,0.24)]. At meta‐regression analysis, age of subjects and amount of weight lost were associated with effectiveness of intervention.ConclusionsThese data indicate that several strategies prevent T2DM, making it possible to make a choice for the individual subject.
The effects of α‐pinene on the feeding performance and pheromone production of Dendroctonus valens
Authors: Xu Bing‐Bing , Liu Zhu‐Dong , Sun Jiang‐Hua 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHerbivorous insects exploit multiple plant cues to detect and orient toward suitable hosts and, accordingly, hosts have evolved complex constitutive and inducible defenses in response. In China, the red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), an invasive bark beetle from North America, attacks mainly Pinus tabuliformis Carrière (Pinaceae), which contains many monoterpenes. In this study, we explored how the monoterpene α‐pinene affects the feeding performance and pheromone production of D. valens. First, the composition and quantities of monoterpenes of both P. tabuliformis healthy trees and fresh stumps were determined and the infestation of D. valens in healthy trees and fresh stumps was investigated, linking the amount of monoterpenes and D. valens infestation. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis showed that P. tabuliformis mainly contained α‐pinene, with concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mg g−1 in healthy pine phloem and stump phloem, respectively. Second, the monoterpene's influence on feeding performance was tested using phloem media with α‐pinene concentrations ranging from 0 to 30 mg g−1. The results showed that the percentages of beetles boring and the gallery lengths of both adult females and larvae were negatively correlated with the α‐pinene concentration although body weight changes did not correlate with α‐pinene concentration. Finally, pheromone analysis showed that the production of all pheromones increased with increasing α‐pinene concentrations. This study showed the dual effects of α‐pinene on D. valens: α‐pinene inhibited the bark beetle's feeding activities and in turn the bark beetle made use of it to produce pheromones. Our study indicated the importance of promptly removing fresh stumps in the field for the management of the bark beetle.
Baseline susceptibility and insecticide resistance monitoring in European populations of Meligethes aeneus and Ceutorhynchus assimilis collected in winter oilseed rape
Authors: Zimmer Christoph T. , Köhler Harald , Nauen Ralf 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPollen beetle, Meligethes aeneus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), and cabbage seed weevil, Ceutorhynchus assimilis (Paykull) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), are important pests in the production of European winter oilseed rape, Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae), which is grown on several million hectares in Europe. Insecticide treatments are common to control both pests once they exceed economic damage thresholds; however, not many chemical classes are available for their control in European oilseed rape. Particularly pollen beetles recently developed high levels of pyrethroid resistance impairing field control at recommended rates in many countries, whereas no resistance is yet reported to another important insecticide, thiacloprid. The major objective of this study was to investigate the spatio‐temporal susceptibility status of pollen beetle against the recently introduced insecticide thiacloprid. From 2009 to 2012 more than 630 populations of pollen beetle collected in 13 countries were monitored for resistance to thiacloprid by using an adult vial test. No shifting to lower susceptibility of pollen beetle to thiacloprid has been observed between 2009 and 2012. Furthermore, we were able to show that pollen beetle larvae are extremely susceptible to thiacloprid, whereas within strains larvae are significantly more resistant than adults to pyrethroids such as lambda‐cyhalothrin. Dose‐response data for thiacloprid against cabbage seed weevil populations collected in 2011 in Germany, Sweden, and Ukraine showed a 10‐fold higher intrinsic sensitivity compared to pollen beetle, and showed only a low variation in response. In addition, we also tested 17 cabbage seed weevil populations collected in five countries against lambda‐cyhalothrin with low variation in response (three‐fold), suggesting full baseline susceptibility and no resistance to pyrethroids. The implications of the data presented for resistance management in coleopteran pests in winter oilseed rape are discussed.
The impact of caregiver familiarity with mental disorders on timing of intervention in first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Lutgens Danyael , Malla Ashok , Joober Ridha , Iyer Srividya 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimBased on prior research, we hypothesized that personal or family familiarity with psychosis would have a different effect on pathways to care as compared to personal or family familiarity with mental disorders.MethodsCaregivers of 32 patients receiving treatment for a first episode of psychosis at a specialized early intervention centre provided information regarding their familiarity with psychosis and mental disorders. Information on the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and on the duration of untreated illness (DUI) was collected from patients and their caregivers.ResultsAlthough we found a trend in the direction of lowered DUP and longer DUI for those with personal or family familiarity with psychosis, these effects were not statistically significant. A trend was found for a higher DUI for those with personal or family familiarity with mental disorders in general, but this effect was not significant.ConclusionWe did not find that differential familiarity with mental disorders and by extension, personal or family familiarity, affected measures of delay in treatment of a first episode of psychosis. Trends in our findings in the hypothesized directions suggest that a larger sample size may reveal significant differential effects of previous experience with mental disorders in general and psychosis in particular on delay in help seeking during different phases of the illness.
Intersaccadic drift velocity is sensitive to short‐term hypobaric hypoxia
Authors: Di Stasi Leandro L. , Cabestrero Raúl , McCamy Michael B. , Ríos Francisco , Catena Andrés , Quirós Pilar , Lopez Jose A. , Saez Carolina , Macknik Stephen L. , Martinez‐Conde Susana 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHypoxia, defined as decreased availability of oxygen in the body's tissues, can lead to dyspnea, rapid pulse, syncope, visual dysfunction, mental disturbances such as delirium or euphoria, and even death. It is considered to be one of the most serious hazards during flight. Thus, early and objective detection of the physiological effects of hypoxia is critical to prevent catastrophes in civil and military aviation. The few studies that have addressed the effects of hypoxia on objective oculomotor metrics have had inconsistent results, however. Thus, the question of whether hypoxia modulates eye movement behavior remains open. Here we examined the effects of short‐term hypobaric hypoxia on the velocity of saccadic eye movements and intersaccadic drift of Spanish Air Force pilots and flight engineers, compared with a control group that did not experience hypoxia. Saccadic velocity decreased with time‐on‐duty in both groups, in correlation with subjective fatigue. Intersaccadic drift velocity increased in the hypoxia group only, suggesting that acute hypoxia diminishes eye stability, independently of fatigue. Our results suggest that intersaccadic drift velocity could serve as a biomarker of acute hypoxia. These findings may also contribute to our understanding of the relationship between hypoxia episodes and central nervous system impairments.
Tropical cyclone cooling combats region‐wide coral bleaching
Authors: Carrigan Adam D. , Puotinen Marji 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCoral bleaching has become more frequent and widespread as a result of rising sea surface temperature (SST). During a regional scale SST anomaly, reef exposure to thermal stress is patchy in part due to physical factors that reduce SST to provide thermal refuge. Tropical cyclones (TCs – hurricanes, typhoons) can induce temperature drops at spatial scales comparable to that of the SST anomaly itself. Such cyclone cooling can mitigate bleaching across broad areas when well‐timed and appropriately located, yet the spatial and temporal prevalence of this phenomenon has not been quantified. Here, satellite SST and historical TC data are used to reconstruct cool wakes (n=46) across the Caribbean during two active TC seasons (2005 and 2010) where high thermal stress was widespread. Upon comparison of these datasets with thermal stress data from Coral Reef Watch and published accounts of bleaching, it is evident that TC cooling reduced thermal stress at a region‐wide scale. The results show that during a mass bleaching event, TC cooling reduced thermal stress below critical levels to potentially mitigate bleaching at some reefs, and interrupted natural warming cycles to slow the build‐up of thermal stress at others. Furthermore, reconstructed TC wave damage zones suggest that it was rare for more reef area to be damaged by waves than was cooled (only 12% of TCs). Extending the time series back to 1985 (n = 314), we estimate that for the recent period of enhanced TC activity (1995–2010), the annual probability that cooling and thermal stress co‐occur is as high as 31% at some reefs. Quantifying such probabilities across the other tropical regions where both coral reefs and TCs exist is vital for improving our understanding of how reef exposure to rising SSTs may vary, and contributes to a basis for targeting reef conservation.
Evapotranspiration, crop coefficient and water use efficiency of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) and miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu.) in a Mediterranean environment.
Authors: Triana Federico , Nassi o Di Nasso Nicoletta , Ragaglini Giorgio , Roncucci Neri , Bonari Enrico 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGiant reed (Arundo donax L.) and miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu.) are two perennial rhizomatous grasses (PRGs), considered as promising sources of lignocellulosic biomass for renewable energy production. Although the agronomic performance of these species has been addressed by several studies, the literature dedicated to the crop water use of giant reed and miscanthus is still limited. Our objective was thus to investigate giant reed and miscanthus water use by assessing crop evapotranspiration (ETc), crop coefficients (Kc) and water use efficiency (WUE). The study was carried out in central Italy and specifically designed water‐balance lysimeters were used to investigate the water use of these PRGs during the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons. Giant reed showed the highest cumulative evapotranspiration, with an average consumption of approximately 1100 mm, nearly 20% higher than miscanthus (900 mm). Crop evapotranspiration rates differed significantly between the species, particularly during the midseason (from June to September), when average daily ETc was 7.4 and 6.2 mm in giant reed and miscanthus respectively. The Kc values determined in our study varied from 0.4 to 1.9 for giant reed and 0.3 to 1.6 for miscanthus. Finally, WUE was higher in miscanthus than in giant reed, with average values of 4.2 and 3.1 g L−1 respectively. Further studies concerning water use under nonoptimal water conditions should be carried out and an assessment of the response to water stress of both crops is necessary to integrate the findings from this study.
Induced Temperature Gradients to Examine Groundwater Flowpaths in Open Boreholes
Authors: Banks Eddie W. , Shanafield Margaret A. , Cook Peter G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTechniques for characterizing the hydraulic properties and groundwater flow processes of aquifers are essential to design hydrogeologic conceptual models. In this study, rapid time series temperature profiles within open‐groundwater wells in fractured rock were measured using fiber optic distributed temperature sensing (FO‐DTS). To identify zones of active groundwater flow, two continuous electrical heating cables were installed alongside a FO‐DTS cable to heat the column of water within the well and to create a temperature difference between the ambient temperature of the groundwater in the aquifer and that within the well. Additional tests were performed to examine the effects of pumping on hydraulic fracture interconnectivity around the well and to identify zones of increased groundwater flow. High‐ and low‐resolution FO‐DTS cable configurations were examined to test the sensitivities of the technique and compared with downhole video footage and geophysical logging to confirm the zones of active groundwater flow. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of this new technique for rapid characterization of fracture zones in open boreholes. The combination of the FO‐DTS and heating cable has excellent scope as a rapid appraisal tool for borehole construction design and improving hydrogeologic conceptual models.