bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding decoupling in response to corporate governance reform pressures
Authors: Krenn Mario 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this article is to explain under what circumstances firm-level adoption of codes of good corporate governance will more likely be superficial rather than substantive in nature. The article contains lessons for any agency or country that attempts to implement deep and lasting changes in corporate governance via codes of good corporate governance.Design/methodology/approach– The article reviews the literature on compliance with codes of good corporate governance and develops a conceptual model to explain why some firms that have formally adopted a code of good governance decouple this policy from its actual use.Findings– Decoupling in response to the issuance of codes of good corporate governance will be more attractive to firms and also more sustainable under the following conditions: firms’ compliance costs are relatively high firms’ costs of outright and visible non-compliance are relatively high and outsiders’ compliance monitoring costs are relatively high.Originality/value– The article contributes to the debate on compliance and convergence and provides policymakers with a conceptual framework for assessing the likelihood of successful regulatory change in corporate governance.
Valuing orientation efficacy
Authors: McPhail Ruth , French Ben , Wilson Keithia 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study was to improve the orientation experience of commencing first-year undergraduate business students to better prepare them for the reality of their academic studies through the development and implementation of a Commencing Student-Needs-Centred Orientation Framework.Design/methodology/approach– The methodology of this study used survey analysis and focus groups to explore low orientation efficacy scores from the cohort and resulted in a reconceptualisation and restructure of the existing orientation programme. The new programme was completed and implemented, and student’s perceptions remeasured. Evaluation was performed using sources of data across three semesters.Findings– Intervention success is demonstrated across three semesters by sustained and continuously improving orientation efficacy scores. Overall, student orientation efficacy improved by 19.6 per cent in the first implementation (B,n= 44), and an improvement of 22.8 per cent was seen in the third semester (C,n= 177), when compared to the first semester (A,n= 164).Research limitations/implications– The primary limitation of this study is that the exploratory framework was applied and evaluated only within a single discipline of business, and in one Australian university with a predominantly first-generation student population.Practical implications– The paper is a guide for the design of an orientation day programme informed by an evidence-based framework identifying the transition needs of commencing students entering higher education, which is tested for its efficacy in preparing students for their academic role, and for success.Originality/value– Orientation is an important, yet under-researched aspect of engagement and retention in today’s universities.
Acoustic resonance at the dawn of life: musical fundamentals of the psychoanalytic relationship
Authors: Pickering Judith 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper uses a case vignette to show how musical elements of speech are a crucial source of information regarding the patient's emotional states and associated memory systems that are activated at a given moment in the analytic field. There are specific psychoacoustic markers associated with different memory systems which indicate whether a patient is immersed in a state of creative intersubjective relatedness related to autobiographical memory, or has been triggered into a traumatic memory system. When a patient feels immersed in an atmosphere of intersubjective mutuality, dialogue features a rhythmical and tuneful form of speech featuring improvized reciprocal imitation, theme and variation. When the patient is catapulted into a traumatic memory system, speech becomes monotone and disjointed. Awareness of such acoustic features of the traumatic memory system helps to alert the analyst that such a shift has taken place informing appropriate responses and interventions. Communicative musicality (Malloch & Trevarthen 2009) originates in the earliest non‐verbal vocal communication between infant and care‐giver, states of primary intersubjectivity. Such musicality continues to be the primary vehicle for transmitting emotional meaning and for integrating right and left hemispheres. This enables communication that expresses emotional significance, personal value as well as conceptual reasoning.
Hepatic reaction dose for parenchymal changes on Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced magnetic resonance images after stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jung Jinhong , Yoon Sang Min , Cho Byungchul , Choi Young Eun , Kwak Jungwon , Kim So Yeon , Lee Sang‐wook , Ahn Seung Do , Choi Eun Kyung , Kim Jong Hoon 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe present study evaluated the threshold dose for hepatic parenchymal changes on gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA)‐enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsTwenty patients with available data of follow‐up MR images acquired 2–4 months after completion of SBRT were selected among the registered patients. SBRT was performed using multiple coplanar and non‐coplanar beams with energies of 6 or 15 MV. All patients were treated with doses of 45 Gy administered in three fractions over 3 consecutive days. For image registration between planning computed tomography (CT) and MR images, landmark‐based rigid body registration was performed using MIM software.ResultsSeventeen patients were included in the analysis. The median discrepancies between planning CT and MR images in the left–right, anterior–posterior and superior–inferior directions were 1.38 mm, 1.24 mm and 1.72 mm, respectively. The median D50 value for the defect in the hepatobiliary phase of Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MR images after SBRT was 19.8 Gy (range, 14.2–28.7 Gy), with R2 values ranging from 0.76 to 0.99.ConclusionsThe threshold dose for parenchymal changes in the hepatobiliary phase of Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MR images performed 2–4 months after 45 Gy of SBRT in three fractions was approximately 20 Gy. Our results provide the basis for further research on the functional loss of liver parenchyma after SBRT.
Single dose delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol in chronic pancreatitis patients: analgesic efficacy, pharmacokinetics and tolerability
Authors: de Vries Marjan , Van Rijckevorsel Dagmar C. M. , Vissers Kris C. P. , Wilder‐Smith Oliver H. G. , Van Goor Harry 
Published: October 2015

AimWe aimed to assess the analgesic efficacy, pharmacokinetics, tolerability and safety of a single dose of Δ9‐THC in patients with chronic abdominal pain resulting from chronic pancreatitis (CP).MethodsThis was a randomized, single dose, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, two way crossover study in patients suffering from abdominal pain as result of CP (n = 24), post hoc subdivided into opioid and non‐opioid users. Δ9‐THC (8 mg) or active placebo (5 mg/10 mg diazepam) was administered orally in a double dummy design.ResultsNo treatment effect was shown for delta VAS pain scores after Δ9‐THC compared with diazepam. Δ9‐THC was well absorbed with a mean tmax of 123 min. No significant differences were found between Δ9‐THC vs. diazepam for alertness, mood, calmness or balance. Feeling anxious and heart rate were significantly increased after Δ9‐THC compared with diazepam. The most frequently reported adverse events (AEs) after Δ9‐THC administration were somnolence, dry mouth, dizziness and euphoric mood.ConclusionsA single dose of Δ9‐THC was not efficacious in reducing chronic pain resulting from CP, but was well tolerated with only mild or moderate AEs. The PK results in CP patients showed delayed absorption and an increased variability compared with healthy volunteers.
The impact of personal bankruptcy law on entrepreneurship
Authors: Jia Ye (George) 
Published: October 2015

AbstractI study the two competing effects of limited personal liability on entrepreneurship in a life‐cycle model: an insurance effect through debt relief in the event of business failure and a borrowing cost effect where the borrowing cost rises with default premiums. I first calibrate the model to the US economy by taking a simplified version of the US Chapter 7 bankruptcy code and then consider the effects of alternative regimes. I find that personal bankruptcy law affects entrepreneurship primarily by altering the decisions of agents with moderate entrepreneurial ability through the insurance effect rather than through the borrowing cost effect.
Elevated levels of soluble CD26 and CD30 in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Basnyat Pabitra , Natarajan Renuka , Vistbakka Julia , Lehtikangas Maija , Airas Laura , Matinlauri Irma , Elovaara Irina , Hagman Sanna 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe activation of autoreactive T cells is a major event in the initiation of autoimmune responses in multiple sclerosis (MS). In addition to the T cell receptor stimulation, optimal activation of T cells requires various costimulatory molecules, such as CD26 and CD30, which has not been extensively studied in MS. Our aim was to explore whether the circulating levels of CD26 and CD30 in sera are associated with MS subtypes, inflammatory disease activity and disability in MS patients.MethodsThe study included 195 participants: 39 relapsing–remitting MS patients, 19 secondary‐progressive MS patients, 19 clinically isolated syndrome patients, 58 controls for sCD26 analysis and 60 for sCD30 analysis. The levels of sCD26 and sCD30 in sera were analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and the levels of interleukin‐10, tumor necrosis factor‐α and interferon‐γ were analyzed with the Luminex assay.ResultsWe observed increased levels of sCD26 and sCD30 in relapsing–remitting MS, secondary‐progressive MS, and clinically isolated syndrome patients compared with the controls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, elevated levels of sCD30 were noticed in treated relapsing–remitting MS patients than in untreated patients (P = 0.016), and also in converted CIS patients than in unconverted patients (P = 0.009). Although sCD26 and sCD30 could not associate with clinical measures, such as the disability score or disease activity, the levels of sCD30 correlated positively with interleukin‐10 levels (r = 0.583, P < 0.0001) and sCD26 levels (r = 0.262, P = 0.046) in MS patients.ConclusionThe present results suggest that the elevated levels of sCD30 are associated with the regulatory immune responses predisposing to clinically stable phase of MS.
Alveolar ridge dimensional changes following ridge preservation procedure: part‐2 – CBCT 3D analysis in non‐human primate model
Authors: Omran Mostafa , Min Seiko , Abdelhamid Alaa , Liu Yi , Zadeh Homayoun H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ridge preservation involving novel devices used for obturation of socket orifice (Socket cap; SocketKAP™) and resorbable cage used for space maintenance in sites with facial wall dehiscence (Socket cage; SocketKAGE™).Material and MethodsEight teeth were extracted in each of six Macaca fascicularis non‐human primates. Six intervention groups consisted of the following: Group A: intact socket negative control. Group B: intact socket: socket cap. Group C: intact socket filled with anorganic bovine bone mineral (ABBM) + socket cap. Group D: dehiscence: negative control. Group E: dehiscence: socket cap + socket cage. Group F: dehiscence: filled with ABBM + socket cap + socket cage. CBCT scans were obtained preoperatively and at 6 and 12 weeks following intervention. The pre‐ and postoperative scans were superimposed, to quantify 3D volumetric alveolar bone changes.ResultsVolumetric bone loss occurred in all sockets, not only within the cretal zone (0–3 mm) to the ridge crest, as has been commonly reported by other investigators, but significant bone loss was also detected in the zone which was 3–6 mm apical to the alveolar crest. For intact sockets, socket cap + ABBM led to significantly greater percentages of remaining bone volume when compared to groups A and B. A significant difference favoring socket cap + socket cage + ABBM treatment was observed for sockets with facial dehiscence defects compared to groups D and E.ConclusionsSocket cap in conjunction with ABBM appears effective in limiting post‐extraction volumetric bone loss in intact sockets, while socket cap + socket cage + ABBM appears effective in limiting post‐extraction bone loss in sockets with dehiscence defects.
Association of multiple genetic variants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease susceptibility in Hainan region
Authors: Ding Yipeng , Niu Huan , Zhou Long , Zhou Wenjing , Chen Jiannan , Xie Shiliang , Geng Tingting , Ouyang Yanhong , He Ping , Sun Pei , Feng Tian , Jin Tianbo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsRecent genome‐wide association studies have shown associations between variants in loci (4q28.1, 6p21.32, 6p21.1, 6q16.1, 10q22.1 and 10q22.3) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or smoking behaviors. The objective of this study was to look for associations between 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at these six loci and COPD susceptibility in Hainan region.MethodsA case‐control cohort was composed of 200 COPD cases and 401 controls that were genotyped and analyzed statistically. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed by chi‐square (χ2) test and genetic models by unconditional logistic regression.ResultsAfter Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) P value screening, we excluded the SNP rs12220777 with P < 0.001. By χ2 test only rs9296092 which located on 6p21.32 was provided the strongest evidence of an increasing risk of COPD with an OR of 3.28 (95% CI = 1.03 – 2.32; P = 0.003) between cases and controls. By genetic models analysis, we not only found rs9296092 increased COPD risk, but also found in the over‐dominant model the genotype ‘C/T’ (OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.33 – 0.93; P = 0.023) of rs950063 was proved to be associated with decreased COPD risk.ConclusionsThis study is the first to provide evidence of importance of rs9296092 and rs950063 for risk of COPD in Hainan Province. Further studies are needed to characterize the functional sequences that cause COPD.
Influence of dietary protein on postprandial blood glucose levels in individuals with Type 1 diabetes mellitus using intensive insulin therapy
Authors: Paterson M. A. , Smart C. E. M. , Lopez P. E. , McElduff P. , Attia J. , Morbey C. , King B. R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo determine the effects of protein alone (independent of fat and carbohydrate) on postprandial glycaemia in individuals with Type 1 diabetes mellitus using intensive insulin therapy.MethodsParticipants with Type 1 diabetes mellitus aged 7–40 years consumed six 150 ml whey isolate protein drinks [0 g (control), 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100] and two 150 ml glucose drinks (10 and 20 g) without insulin, in randomized order over 8 days, 4 h after the evening meal. Continuous glucose monitoring was used to assess postprandial glycaemia.ResultsData were collected from 27 participants. Protein loads of 12.5 and 50 g did not result in significant postprandial glycaemic excursions compared with control (water) throughout the 300 min study period (P > 0.05). Protein loads of 75 and 100 g resulted in lower glycaemic excursions than control in the 60–120 min postprandial interval, but higher excursions in the 180–300 min interval. In comparison with 20 g glucose, the large protein loads resulted in significantly delayed and sustained glucose excursions, commencing at 180 min and continuing to 5 h.ConclusionsSeventy‐five grams or more of protein alone significantly increases postprandial glycaemia from 3 to 5 h in people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus using intensive insulin therapy. The glycaemic profiles resulting from high protein loads differ significantly from the excursion from glucose in terms of time to peak glucose and duration of the glycaemic excursion. This research supports recommendations for insulin dosing for large amounts of protein.
A replication study of 49 Type 2 diabetes risk variants in a Punjabi Pakistani population
Authors: Zia A. , Wang X. , Bhatti A. , Demirci F. Y. , Zhao W. , Rasheed A. , Samuel M. , Kiani A. K. , Ismail M. , Zafar J. , John P. , Saleheen D. , Kamboh M. I. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimThe burden of Type 2 diabetes is alarmingly high in South Asia, a region that has many genetically diverse ethnic populations. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) conducted largely in European populations have identified a number of loci predisposing to Type 2 diabetes risk, however, the relevance of such genetic loci in many South Asian sub‐ethnicities remains elusive. The aim of this study was to replicate 49 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously identified through GWAS in Punjabis living in Pakistan.MethodsWe examined the association of 49 SNPs in 853 Type 2 diabetes cases and 1945 controls using additive logistic regression models after adjusting for age and gender.ResultsOf the 49 SNPs investigated, eight showed a nominal association (P < 0.05) that also remained significant after controlling for the false discovery rate. The most significant association was found for rs7903146 at the TCF7L2 locus. For a per unit increase in the risk score comprising of all the 49 SNPs, the odds ratio in association with Type 2 diabetes risk was 1.16 (95% CI 1.13–1.19, P < 2.0E–16).ConclusionThese results suggest that some Type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci are shared between Europeans and Punjabis living in Pakistan.
Strategic Interaction and the Iran–Iraq War: Lessons to Learn for Future Engagement?
Authors: Donovan Jerome Denis , Topple Cheree , Naidoo Vik , Milner Trenton 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUsing an interdisciplinary approach combining international relations and Middle Eastern studies, this research examines the Iran–Iraq war using the concepts of strategic interaction and reciprocity as theoretical anchors to illuminate more fully than previous investigations how these two states arrived at the point of war in 1980. Through a case study methodology, the findings demonstrate mixed results for the applicability of IR theory to fully explain the Iran–Iraq war. In particular, as a key interactive element of dyadic relationships, it was proposed that the accumulation of past interactions was likely to propagate future behavior with past conflictual interactions increasing the likelihood of future conflictual interactions and vice versa. The observed findings however indicate that time moderates this relationship such that shorter temporal periods are required to support the role of accumulation in influencing future relations.
An Austrian Analysis of China's Unsustainable Boom
Authors: Howden David , Li Jason XingBin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAustrian Business Cycle Theory can shed light on the ways in which the current Chinese economic boom is unsustainable. On the one hand, government interventions, such as land monopolies, have raised costs for real estate developers. By limiting the availability of investment instruments and access to external markets, government interventions have created a strong demand for housing as a hedging tool. On the other hand, a loose monetary policy and artificially low interest rates have made the property market tempting for developers. Over‐construction and over‐consumption in the housing sector epitomise the capital structure analysis that Austrian economists regard as the core of their business cycle theory.
The Road Not Taken: A Comparison Between the Hard ECU and the Euro
Authors: Phelan John 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the context of the Eurozone crisis this paper re‐examines the Hard ECU using the concepts of the macroeconomic trilemma and the political trilemma. We find that the Hard ECU would have been less economically and politically damaging than the euro. We conclude that it was a superior approach to monetary union.
Current status of the brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations within eastern Pyrenees genetic refuges
Authors: Araguas Rosa M. , Vera Manuel , Aparicio Enric , Sanz Nuria , Fernández‐Cebrián Raquel , Marchante Concha , García‐Marín José L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSince the end of the 20th century, some headwaters of rivers in the eastern Pyrenees have been designated as genetic refuges to protect remaining native brown trout (Salmo trutta) diversity. The declaration was based on limited or no evidence of genetic impact from released non‐native Atlantic hatchery fish. Hatchery releases were completely banned into the genetic refuges, but pre‐existing fishing activities were maintained. Specific locations in each refuge have been monitored every 2–3 trout generations to update genetic information to accurately assess the contribution of these reservoirs to the preservation of native brown trout gene pools. This work updates genetic information to year 2014 in three of these locations (in Ter, Freser and Flamisell rivers). Previous studies identified hatchery introgressed populations within refuges and suggested discrepancies between the underlying intention of the genetic refuges and the gene pools detected. Therefore, we also examined genetic divergences among locations inside refuge river segments. Combined information at five microsatellite and the lactate dehydrogenase C (LDH‐C*) loci showed reduced but significant temporal native allele frequency fluctuations in some of the above specific locations that did not modify overall levels of local diversity and river divergences. Bayesian clustering analyses confirmed the presence of differentiated native units within each genetic refuge. Some locations of the Freser River within the genetic refuge area showed high hatchery impact of non‐native fish (over 20%). We discuss additional local actions (releases of native fish, selective removals and fishery reinforcement with sterile individuals) to improve the conservation objective of genetic refuges.
Women in evolution – highlighting the changing face of evolutionary biology
Authors: Wellenreuther Maren , Otto Sarah 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe face of science has changed. Women now feature alongside men at the forefront of many fields, and this is particularly true in evolutionary biology. This special issue celebrates the outstanding achievements and contributions of women in evolutionary biology, by highlighting a sample of their research and accomplishments. In addition to original research contributions, this collection of articles contains personal reflections to provide perspective and advice on succeeding as a woman in science. By showcasing the diversity and research excellence of women and drawing on their experiences, we wish to enhance the visibility of female scientists and provide inspiration as well as role models. These are exciting times for evolutionary biology, and the field is richer and stronger for the diversity of voices contributing to the field.