bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory medicine in the new healthcare environment
Authors: Ferraro Simona , Braga Federica , Panteghini Mauro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe 21st century challenge is to redesign healthcare systems to be safe, efficient, effective, timely, equitable and patient-centred. Although laboratory medicine is integral to many of these objectives involving prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and managing disease of patients, it suffers from poor visibility as a medical discipline and as a profession and fewer rewards for educational efforts when compared to other medical disciplines. Laboratory scientists are often perceived as managing machinery and equipment, but conversely they need to take a position of shared clinical leadership, showing the role of laboratory tests to guarantee optimal care for patients. This is however challenging because of some reluctance by laboratory professionals to involve themselves in test structuring and requesting and in the inspection of work as it arrives because it is assumed that all requests are clinically necessary; there is a poor communication and integration between clinical wards and laboratory; and, importantly, there is the need for an excellent cultural and scientific background of laboratory professionals for implementing outcome research and to act as knowledge managers and skilled clinical consultants. By combining the unique talent of performing quality laboratory assays with knowledge of the pathophysiologic rationale behind the tests, laboratory professionals have the expertise to advise their clinical colleagues in regard to the appropriate test selection and interpretation of laboratory results, thereby creating opportunities to define the added value and the pivotal role of laboratory medicine on healthcare delivery.
Dual-Dual Formulation for a Contact Problem with Friction
Authors: Andres Michael , Maischak Matthias , Stephan Ernst P. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A variational inequality formulation is derived for some frictional contact problems from linear elasticity. The formulation exhibits a two-fold saddle point structure
and is of dual-dual type, involving the stress tensor as primary unknown as well as the friction force on the contact surface by means of a Lagrange multiplier.
The approach starts with the minimization of the conjugate elastic potential. Applying Fenchel's duality theory to this dual minimization problem, the connection to the primal minimization problem and a dual saddle point problem is achieved. The saddle point problem possesses the displacement field and the rotation tensor as
further unknowns. Introducing the friction force yields the dual-dual saddle point problem. The equivalence and unique solvability of both problems is shown with the
help of the variational inequality formulations corresponding to the saddle point formulations, respectively.
Finitely generated nilpotent group C*-algebras have finite nuclear dimension
Authors: Eckhardt Caleb , McKenney Paul 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We show that group C*-algebras of finitely generated, nilpotent groups have finite nuclear dimension.
It then follows, from a string of deep results, that the C*-algebra A generated by an irreducible representation of
such a group has decomposition rank at most 3. If, in addition, A satisfies the universal coefficient theorem,
another string of deep results shows it is classifiable by its ordered K-theory and is approximately subhomogeneous. We
observe that all C*-algebras generated by faithful irreducible representations of finitely generated, torsion free
nilpotent groups satisfy the universal coefficient theorem.
Mean curvature self-shrinkers of high genus: Non-compact examples
Authors: Kapouleas Nikolaos , Kleene Stephen James , Møller Niels Martin 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We give the first rigorous construction of complete, embedded self-shrinking hypersurfaces under mean curvature flow, since Angenent’s torus in 1989. The surfaces exist for any sufficiently large prescribed genus g, and are non-compact with one end. Each has

4
⁢
g

+
4

{4g+4}

symmetries and comes from desingularizing the intersection of the plane and sphere through a great circle, a configuration with very high symmetry.
Each is at infinity asymptotic to the cone in

ℝ
3

{\mathbb{R}^{3}}

over a

2
⁢
π

/

(

g
+
1

)

{2\pi/(g+1)}

-periodic graph on an equator of the unit sphere

𝕊
2

⊆

ℝ
3

{\mathbb{S}^{2}\subseteq\mathbb{R}^{3}}

, with the shape of a periodically “wobbling sheet”. This is a dramatic instability phenomenon, with changes of asymptotics that break much more symmetry than seen in minimal surface constructions.
The core of the proof is a detailed understanding of the linearized problem in a setting with severely unbounded geometry, leading to special PDEs of Ornstein–Uhlenbeck type with fast growth on coefficients of the gradient terms. This involves identifying new, adequate weighted Hölder spaces of asymptotically conical functions in which the operators invert, via a Liouville-type result with precise asymptotics.
Study on dechlorination kinetics from zinc oxide dust by clean metallurgy technology
Authors: Ma Aiyuan , Zheng Xuemei , Wang Shixing , Peng Jinhui , Zhang Libo , Li Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Cavity perturbation method was used to determine the dielectric properties (ε′, ε″, and tan δ) of zinc oxide dust. The process of dechlorination from zinc oxide dust by microwave roasting was evaluated considering the effect of different roasting temperatures and holding times. The research results showed that the ZnCl2 and PbCl2 with high-loss factor were heated preferentially by microwave, and the dechlorination rate can reach 97.22% after microwave roasting at 650°C for 40 min. The phases of zinc oxide dust before and after microwave roasting were observed and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The kinetics of dechlorination from zinc oxide dust was investigated. The three kinetic factors were obtained by the dynamic isothermal method, which provided a theoretical basis for dechlorination from zinc oxide dust. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the volatilization of chlorides was mainly ionic crystal phase transition process. The volatile kinetics of zinc oxide dust were controlled by the solid state diffusion and interface chemical reaction, during the microwave heating, with an activation energy E=46.6 KJ/mol and the reaction order n is level 1.
Extraction of zinc from blast furnace dust in ammonia leaching system
Authors: Ma Aiyuan , Zhang Libo , Peng Jinhui , Zheng Xuemei , Li Shiwei , Yang Kun , Chen Weiheng 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In this research, the extraction of zinc from the blast furnace dust in the ammonia leaching system containing different leaching agents (NH3, (NH4)3AC, (NH4)2CO3, (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl) was investigated. Meanwhile, the effects of different total ammonia concentrations, ammonia/ammonium ratios, solid-liquid ratios, stirring speeds, and leaching temperatures on the extraction of zinc were studied. The results showed that ammonium sulfate was particularly effective and the extraction efficiency of zinc is up to 86.48% under the following conditions: total ammonia concentration of 5.0 mol/l, ammonia/ammonium ratio of 1:1, solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, temperature of 45°C, leaching time of 60 min, and stirring speed of 350 rpm.
Nursing Students Achieving Community Health Competencies through Undergraduate Clinical Experiences: A Gap Analysis
Authors: Pijl-Zieber Em M. , Barton Sylvia , Awosoga Oluwagbohunmi A. , Konkin Jill 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn Canada, it is widely believed that nursing practice and health care will move from acute care into the community. At the same time, increasing numbers of nursing students are engaged in non-traditional clinical experiences for their community health rotation. These clinical experiences occur at agencies not organizationally affiliated with the health care system and typically do not employ registered nurses (RNs). What has yet to be established is the degree to which nursing students are actually being prepared for community health nursing roles through their community health clinical rotations. In this paper we report the findings of a mixed method study that explored the gap between desired and observed levels of competence in community health of senior nursing students and new graduates. The gap was quantified and then the nature of the gap further explored through focus groups.
Pathophysiological alterations induced by sustained 35-GHz radio-frequency energy heating
Authors: Jauchem James R. , Ryan Kathy L. , Walters Thomas J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground:Exposure to radio-frequency energy (RFE) of millimeter wavelengths results in a relatively high skin-heating rate, with only a moderate rate of core heating. Yet, prolonged RFE exposure eventuates in severe hypotension and death. In this study, we characterized pathophysiological changes associated with prolonged RFE sufficient to induce hypotension.Methods:Anesthetized rats were exposed to 35-GHz RFE with a power density of 75 mW/cm2. Cardiovascular and temperature parameters were continuously recorded. Blood factors and histopathology were compared between sham (n=6) and exposed (n=12) animals.Results and conclusions:Using infrared thermography, we confirmed a relatively high temperature (>46 °C) at the skin surface of the irradiated site. Histopathological results included hemorrhage and congestion of blood vessels in the dermis and subcutis of irradiated skin without induction of burn. As in environmental heating, significantly greater levels of serum glucose, creatinine, uric acid, and anion gap were observed in rats exposed to longer-duration RFE (approx. 38-min exposures) than in shorter-duration (approx. 19-min exposures) or sham (time control) animals. However, changes in blood electrolytes or liver enzymes (often seen during heatstroke) were not observed after the RFE exposures. Even without major tissue injury or serum/plasma enzyme and electrolyte changes, rapid cutaneous heating via RFE induced profound hypotension that eventuated in death.
An 81-year-old woman with chronic illnesses and a strong faith
Authors: Harris Susie T. , Koenig Harold G. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Mrs. Smith is an 81-year-old woman who has several medical problems. Despite these problems, however, her faith and spirituality strength give her the strength and determination to move forward in life. She stresses that, “My faith helps me cope with my illnesses.” This article describes Mrs. Smith’s roller coaster life and how faith, prayer, and hope have allowed her to continue to press forward. She interprets pain and illnesses as challenges, not obstacles. Her physician who has been treating her for about 20 years indicates that she has continued to have multiple chronic health issues and has maintained an incredibly positive spirit, particularly when traditional medicine has failed to make a difference. Spiritual care is being increasingly documented as an important component of whole person medicine. For some, religiosity and spirituality are important aspects of patient–provider relationship. God, faith, and hope are essential factors to Mrs. Smith who uses spirituality and religion daily to cope with her chronic illnesses.
A Cuckoo Search Algorithm With Elite Opposition-Based Strategy
Authors: Huang Kang , Zhou Yongquan , Wu Xiuli , Luo Qifang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a cuckoo search (CS) algorithm using elite opposition-based strategy is proposed. The opposite solution of the elite individual in the population is generated by an opposition-based strategy in the proposed algorithm and form an opposite search space by constructing the opposite population that locates inside the dynamic search boundaries, then, the search space of the algorithm is guided to approximate the space in which the global optimum is included by simultaneously evaluating the current population and the opposite one. This approach is helpful to obtain a tradeoff between the exploration and exploitation ability of CS. In order to enhance the local searching ability, local neighborhood search strategy is also applied in this proposed algorithm. The experiments were conducted on 14 classic benchmark functions and 28 more complex functions from the IEEE CEC’2013 competition, and the experimental results, compared with five other meta-heuristic algorithms and four improved cuckoo search algorithms, show that the proposed algorithm is much better than the compared ones at not only the accuracy of solutions but also for the convergence speed.
Simplified Loss Estimation of Splice to Photonic Crystal Fiber using New Model
Authors: Karak Anup , Kundu Dipankar , Sarkar Somenath 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFor a range of fiber parameters and wavelengths, the splice losses between photonic crystal fiber and a single mode fiber are calculated using our simplified and effective model of photonic crystal fiber following a recently developed elaborate method. Again, since the transverse offset and angular mismatch are the serious factors which contribute crucially to splice losses between two optical fibers, these losses between the same couple of fibers are also studied, using our formulation. The concerned results are seen to match fairly excellently with rigorous ones and consistently in comparison with earlier empirical results. Moreover, our formulation can be developed from theoretical framework over entire optogeometrical parameters of photonic crystal fiber within single mode region instead of using deeply involved full vectorial methods. This user-friendly simple approach of computing splice loss should find wide use by experimentalists and system users.
Infant-directed speech as a window into the dynamic nature of phonology
Authors: Mazuka Reiko , Igarashi Yosuke , Martin Andrew , Utsugi Akira 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTheoretical frameworks of phonology are built largely on the basis of idealized speech, typically recorded in a laboratory under static conditions. Natural speech, in contrast, occurs in a variety of communicative contexts where speakers and hearers dynamically adjust their speech to fit their needs. The present paper demonstrates that phonologically informed analysis of specialized speech registers, such as infant-directed speech, can reveal specific ways segmental and supra-segmental aspects of phonology are modulated dynamically to accommodate the specific communicative needs of speakers and hearers. Data for the analyses come from a corpus of Japanese mothers’ spontaneous speech directed to their infant child (infant-directed speech, IDS) and an adult (adult-directed speech, ADS), as well as read speech (RS). The speech samples in the corpus are annotated with segmental, morphological, and intonational information. We will show that the way intonation is exaggerated in Japanese IDS reflects the intonational structure of Japanese, which is different from that of English. We will also demonstrate that rules of phonological grammar, such as devoicing of high vowels and non-high vowels in Japanese, can be differently affected by the needs of the speaker to accommodate the specific characteristics of the listener.
Internal structuring of silica glass fibers: Requirements for scattered light applicators for the usability in medicine
Authors: Köcher Jenny , Knappe Verena , Schwagmeier Manuela 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background:
Diffuser fibers have been used for some time in the fields of laser-induced thermotherapy and photodynamic therapy. For their applicability the breaking strength, the thermostability and a homogeneous radiation profile are of great importance. Flexible applicators offer special benefits because they introduce a totally new range of application possibilities.

Objective:
The aim of the presented investigations was to develop a totally new flexible diffuser fiber generation which can be produced cheaper and without the use of any further materials. For this purpose it was proposed to induce scattering micro dots directly into silica fibers by generating a local change of the refractive index in the core of the optical fiber. The resulting diffuser was expected to create a homogeneous radiation profile containing at least 80% of the light coupled into the optical fiber, i.e. less than 20% prograde (forward) emission.

Materials and methods:
On the basis of former research results, scattering micro dots were induced linearly into the core of an optical silica fiber through a multiple photon process using a femtosecond laser. In addition to the macroscopic optical control by means of a microscope, the form of the radiation profile was examined as well as the non-scattered forward emission which depends on a variety of influencing factors. The processing was optimized according to the observations made. The thermostability of the developed prototypes was assessed by using a thermocamera, and the minimal bending radius was determined. Finally the prototypes were tested and validated ex vivo using porcine liver.

Results:
An influence of the processing power, the number and radial position of the scattering micro dots as well as the therapeutic coupled-in wavelength onto the form of the radiation profile and the non-scattered forward emission was determined. Both the form of the radiation profile and the prograde emission were found to be independent of the therapeutic laser power coupled into the fiber. The developed prototype had a nearly homogeneous radiation profile, a forward emission of 12.8±2.1% in average, and a minimum bending radius of 31±6 mm.

Conclusion:
The non-scattered forward emission of the developed diffusers was within the objective of below 20% and the radiation profile was very nearly homogeneous. In order to improve the reproducibility of the production process, an improved fixation apparatus needs to be developed.
Molecular mechanisms of estrogen for neuroprotection in spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury
Authors: Chakrabarti Mrinmay , Das Arabinda , Samantaray Supriti , Smith Joshua A. , Banik Naren L. , Haque Azizul , Ray Swapan K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEstrogen (EST) is a steroid hormone that exhibits several important physiological roles in the human body. During the last few decades, EST has been well recognized as an important neuroprotective agent in a variety of neurological disorders in the central nervous system (CNS), such as spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. The exact molecular mechanisms of EST-mediated neuroprotection in the CNS remain unclear due to heterogeneity of cell populations that express EST receptors (ERs) in the CNS as well as in the innate and adaptive immune system. Recent investigations suggest that EST protects the CNS from injury by suppressing pro-inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and cell death, while promoting neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and neurotrophic support. In this review, we have described the currently known molecular mechanisms of EST-mediated neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in SCI and TBI. At the same time, we have emphasized on the recentin vitroandin vivofindings from our and other laboratories, implying potential clinical benefits of EST in the treatment of SCI and TBI.
Sample size reassessment for a two-stage design controlling the false discovery rate
Authors: Zehetmayer Sonja , Graf Alexandra C. , Posch Martin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSample size calculations for gene expression microarray and NGS-RNA-Seq experiments are challenging because the overall power depends on unknown quantities as the proportion of true null hypotheses and the distribution of the effect sizes under the alternative. We propose a two-stage design with an adaptive interim analysis where these quantities are estimated from the interim data. The second stage sample size is chosen based on these estimates to achieve a specific overall power. The proposed procedure controls the power in all considered scenarios except for very low first stage sample sizes. The false discovery rate (FDR) is controlled despite of the data dependent choice of sample size. The two-stage design can be a useful tool to determine the sample size of high-dimensional studies if in the planning phase there is high uncertainty regarding the expected effect sizes and variability.
Pyridinium ylides in the one-pot synthesis of a new quinoline/indolizine hybrid
Authors: Belguedj Roumaissa , Bouraiou Abdelmalek , Bouacida Sofiane , Merazig Hocine , Chibani Aissa 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The reaction of 1-(quinolin-2-ylmethyl)pyridinium ylide with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate was investigated. The X-ray crystallographic characterization of the new dimethyl 3-(quinolin-2-yl)indolizine-1,2-dicarboxylate (2) shows the formation of a five-membered ring between the pyridine ring and the methylene group.
Sensing Positive versus Negative Reward Signals through Adenylyl Cyclase-Coupled GPCRs in Direct and Indirect Pathway Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons
Authors: Nair Anu G. , Gutierrez-Arenas Omar , Eriksson Olivia , Vincent Pierre , Hellgren Kotaleski Jeanette 
Published: October 2015

Transient changes in striatal dopamine (DA) concentration are considered to encode a reward prediction error (RPE) in reinforcement learning tasks. Often, a phasic DA change occurs concomitantly with a dip in striatal acetylcholine (ACh), whereas other neuromodulators, such as adenosine (Adn), change slowly. There are abundant adenylyl cyclase (AC) coupled GPCRs for these neuromodulators in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which play important roles in plasticity. However, little is known about the interaction between these neuromodulators via GPCRs. The interaction between these transient neuromodulator changes and the effect on cAMP/PKA signaling via Golf- and Gi/o-coupled GPCR are studied here using quantitative kinetic modeling. The simulations suggest that, under basal conditions, cAMP/PKA signaling could be significantly inhibited in D1R+ MSNs via ACh/M4R/Gi/oand an ACh dip is required to gate a subset of D1R/Golf-dependent PKA activation. Furthermore, the interaction between ACh dip and DA peak, via D1R and M4R, is synergistic. In a similar fashion, PKA signaling in D2+ MSNs is under basal inhibition via D2R/Gi/oand a DA dip leads to a PKA increase by disinhibiting A2aR/Golf, but D2+ MSNs could also respond to the DA peak via other intracellular pathways. This study highlights the similarity between the two types of MSNs in terms of high basal AC inhibition by Gi/oand the importance of interactions between Gi/oand Golfsignaling, but at the same time predicts differences between them with regard to the sign of RPE responsible for PKA activation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDopamine transients are considered to carry reward-related signal in reinforcement learning. An increase in dopamine concentration is associated with an unexpected reward or salient stimuli, whereas a decrease is produced by omission of an expected reward. Often dopamine transients are accompanied by other neuromodulatory signals, such as acetylcholine and adenosine. We highlight the importance of interaction between acetylcholine, dopamine, and adenosine signals via adenylyl-cyclase coupled GPCRs in shaping the dopamine-dependent cAMP/PKA signaling in striatal neurons. Specifically, a dopamine peak and an acetylcholine dip must interact, via D1 and M4 receptor, and a dopamine dip must interact with adenosine tone, via D2 and A2a receptor, in direct and indirect pathway neurons, respectively, to have any significant downstream PKA activation.