bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empirical model for predicting insects' diapause termination and phenology: An application to Cydia pomonella
Authors: Sperandio Giorgio , Pasquali Sara , Pradolesi Gianfranco , Baiocco Serena , Cavina Federico , Gilioli Gianni 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDiapause is a vital survival strategy for insects, enabling them to conserve energy and endure adverse conditions. Understanding how diapause affects insect phenology and population dynamics is crucial for the effective management of insect pests. Predictive pest phenological models can be invaluable tools for providing essential information to support management strategies. This study presents a modelling framework to incorporate diapause into phenological models when biological information on variables regulating and functions describing diapause induction and termination are lacking or limited. In our framework, insect phenology is divided into a set of phases characterized by specific events (diapause induction and termination) and processes (development of diapausing and post‐diapausing biological stages). The phenology is simulated by a stage‐structured model based on the Kolmogorov equation, and the temperature‐dependent development rate functions are described by the Brière functional form. Our modelling framework was tested on a case study involving the prediction of the phenology of the codling moth, (Cydia pomonella L. 1758). Model calibration and validation were performed using four time‐series adult trap catch data collected in the Emilia Romagna Region from 2021 to 2023. The calibration procedure allowed obtaining realistic parameters related to the temperature threshold triggering diapause termination and the development rate function of post‐diapausing larvae and pupae. Model validation proved successful in simulating both the initial emergence and the overall phenological patterns of adults across the three observed generations. The methodological framework proposed here aims to facilitate the introduction of diapause in phenological models improving also their predictive abilities. The model may serve as an accurate and knowledge‐based tool for planning and implementing pest monitoring and control actions based on the realistic predictions provided by the model on the phenological status of the pest.
Feature area size prediction method of spherical fruit based on projection transformation
Authors: Huang Bohan , Xue Long , Yin Chaoyang , Li Jing , Liu Muhua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the development of machine vision and spectral detection technology, online sorting of fruit internal and external quality has been developed rapidly. However, for spherical fruits, it is difficult to obtain full surface images during sorting, so it is difficult to accurately calculate the size of the surface defects and the ratio of defects to the full surface. In this paper, a full surface line scanning image acquisition device for spherical fruit is proposed. Based on this device, the line scanning hyperspectral image of spherical fruit is collected, and the original image is extracted by feature extraction and background removal. Next, the isometric projection image and the equivalent projection image of the feature image is obtained through cartography projection transformation; The number of feature pixels in the original feature image, the isometric projection image, the equivalent projection image, and the width of the original feature image are used as input parameters to predict the actual defect area with the help of the shallow neural network. In this paper, the equipment and method are verified using three test balls with different diameters and pasting different sizes of identification blocks at different positions on their surfaces. The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy R of the test set of the model is 0.9937, and the RMSE is 0.3391 cm2. It can be seen that the method has good prediction accuracy, which can provide a reference for the hyperspectral on‐line sorting method of external quality of spherical fruit.Practical applicationThis method provides an effective solution for the quality sorting production line of spherical fruits. In addition to agricultural product quality testing and food quality testing, similar to the detection of industrial products such as ball balls, the scheme provided in this manuscript can also be used as one of the options.The method proposed in this manuscript is suitable for all kinds of line scanning equipment, including hyperspectral imager and laser profilometer.
The METHYLTRANSFERASE B–SERRATE interaction mediates the reciprocal regulation of microRNA biogenesis and RNA m6A modification
Authors: Bai Haiyan , Dai Yanghuan , Fan Panting , Zhou Yiming , Wang Xiangying , Chen Jingjing , Jiao Yuzhe , Du Chang , Huang Zhuoxi , Xie Yuting , Guo Xiaoyu , Lang Xiaoqiang , Ling Yongqing , Deng Yizhen , Liu Qi , He Shengbo , Zhang Zhonghui 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIn eukaryotes, RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification and microRNA (miRNA)‐mediated RNA silencing represent two critical epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. The m6A methyltransferase complex (MTC) and the microprocessor complex both undergo liquid–liquid phase separation to form nuclear membraneless organelles. Although m6A methyltransferase has been shown to positively regulate miRNA biogenesis, a mechanism of reciprocal regulation between the MTC and the microprocessor complex has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the MTC and the microprocessor complex associate with each other through the METHYLTRANSFERASE B (MTB)–SERRATE (SE) interacting module. Knockdown of MTB impaired miRNA biogenesis by diminishing microprocessor complex binding to primary miRNAs (pri‐miRNAs) and their respective MIRNA loci. Additionally, loss of SE function led to disruptions in transcriptome‐wide m6A modification. Further biochemical assays and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) assay indicated that SE enhances the liquid–liquid phase separation and solubility of the MTC. Moreover, the MTC exhibited enhanced retention on chromatin and diminished binding to its RNA substrates in the se mutant background. Collectively, our results reveal the substantial regulatory interplay between RNA m6A modification and miRNA biogenesis.
The impact of gender on the nursing figure and nurses' interprofessional relationships: A multimethod study
Authors: Piervisani Loredana , Maria Maddalena De , Spagnuolo Sabrina , Nazzaro Patrizia , Rocco Gennaro , Vellone Ercole , Alvaro Rosaria 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsTo identify the current presence of stereotypes about the nursing profession in Italy and to understand how gendered processes and modalities are regulated and expressed in the physician‐nurse dyad, and the implications for professional identity and autonomy.DesignQualitative multimethod design.MethodsForty‐five interviews were conducted with nurses and physicians. The collected qualitative data underwent automatic textual data analysis using a multidimensional exploratory approach and a gender framework analysis.ResultsIn Italy, nurses' roles are still associated with gender stereotypes stemming from the predominant male culture, which affects sexual and gender identity, the division of labor, and access to career paths. This leads to disadvantages in the nursing profession, which is heavily dominated by women.ConclusionBiological differences between sexes generate an unconscious yet shared symbolic gender order composed of negative stereotypes that influence nurses' professional roles and activities. They follow behaviors that enter the work routine and institutionalize organizational processes. These effects are also seen in the asymmetric, limited, and reciprocal interprofessional relationships between male physicians and female nurses, where the former hinders the latter's professional autonomy and access to top positions.Implications for the ProfessionThis survey raises awareness of gender issues and stimulates reflection. It also enables health and nursing organizations to take action to raise gender awareness and education by countering the image of a non‐autonomous profession. The analysis of gender processes allows us to identify interventions that can counteract forms of oppression in the work environment that lead to the emergence of nursing as a non‐autonomous profession.
A closer examination of the “rural mortality penalty”: Variability by race, region, and measurement
Authors: Cohen Steven , Metcalf Emily , Brown Monique J. , Ahmed Neelam H. , Nash Caitlin , Greaney Mary L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundRacial health disparities are well documented and pervasive across the United States. Evidence suggests there is a “rural mortality penalty” whereby rural residents experience poorer health outcomes than their urban counterparts. However, whether this penalty is uniform across demographic groups and U.S. regions is unknown.ObjectiveTo assess how rural–urban differences in mortality differ by race (Black vs. White), U.S. region, poverty status, and how rural–urban status is measured.MethodsAge‐standardized mortality rates (ASMRs)/100,000 by U.S. county (2015–2019) were obtained by race (Black/White) from the CDC Wonder National Vital Statistics System (2015–2019) and were merged with county‐level social determinants from the US Census Bureau and County Health Rankings. Multivariable generalized linear models assessed the associations between rurality (index of relative rurality [IRR] decile, rural–urban continuum codes, and population density) and race‐specific ASMR, overall, and by Census region and poverty level.ResultsOverall, average ASMR was significantly higher in rural areas than urban areas for both Black (rural ASMR = 949.1 per 100,000 vs. urban ASMR = 857.7 per 100,000) and White (rural ASMR = 903.0 per 100,000 vs. urban ASMR = 791.6 per 100,000) populations. The Black‐White difference was substantially higher (p < 0.001) in urban than in rural counties (65.1 per 100,000 vs. 46.1 per 100,000). Black–White differences and patterns in ASMR varied notably by poverty status and U.S. region.ConclusionPolicies and interventions designed to reduce racial health disparities should consider and address key contextual factors associated with geographic location, including rural–urban status and socioeconomic status.
Designing stablecoins
Authors: Cao Yizhou , Dai Min , Kou Steven , Li Lewei , Yang Chen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractExisting cryptocurrencies are too volatile to be used as currencies for daily payments. Stablecoins, which are cryptocurrencies pegged to other stable financial assets such as the US dollar, are desirable for payments within blockchain networks, whereby being often called the “Holy Grail of cryptocurrency.” By using the option pricing theory and the Ethereum platform that allows running smart contracts, we design several dual‐class structures that are written on the ETH cryptocurrency and offer a fixed‐income crypto asset (Class A coin), a stablecoin (Class A′ coin) pegged to a traditional currency, and leveraged investment instruments (Class B and B′ coins). Our investigation of the values of stablecoins in the presence of jump risk and black swan‐type events shows the robustness of the design. The design has been implemented on the Ethereum platform.
Sibling Effects on School Achievement: Evidence From Two Large French Cohorts
Authors: Gurgand Lilas , Peyre Hugo , Ecalle Jean , Fischer Jean‐Paul , Ramus Franck 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe studied the effect of the number and characteristics of siblings (sex, age) on school achievement in several grades (kindergarten, first grade, and fifth grade), in two large French cohorts, with more than 16,000 children. Running linear mixed‐effects models, we find that, independently of socioeconomic status, having more siblings is negatively associated with school achievement. We found a stronger negative association between the number of siblings and the achievement in older compared to younger siblings. This finding is in line with the resource dilution model, where families with more children have fewer resources available per child, but contradicts the confluence model (i.e., a child's intellectual ability is influenced by the average intellectual ability in the family). The negative association between the number of siblings and achievement was moderated by family income, with weaker effects in wealthier families.
Impacts of Global Warming on Quality of Male Fishes: Evidence From A Meta‐Analysis of Temperature Effects on Sperm Motility Kinematics
Authors: Cheng Yu , Wang Jinhai , Alavi Sayyed Mohammad Hadi , Zhang Songpei , Linhartová Zuzana , Roy Deepali Rahi , Shazada Nururshopa Eskander , Dzyuba Borys , Linhart Otomar 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTStudies have demonstrated adverse effects of global warming on aquatic ecosystems. However, the effects of increased water temperature (IWT) on fish reproduction are still doubtful in species spawning at low or high temperatures. In this meta‐analysis, we elucidated the effects of global warming on spermatozoa functions, key determinants of male fertility. We recruited 245 data records from 20 studies spanning 20 cold‐ and warm‐water fishes to identify the effects of IWT on sperm quality. Data were re‐processed and re‐analyzed to determine the overall effects of IWT on sperm kinetics such as percentage of motile spermatozoa (MOT), duration of spermatozoa motility (DSM), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), as well as on enzymatic activities for energy supply (EAES) and antioxidant enzyme activity (ANEA). The standardized mean difference was calculated for each study, with positive values indicating higher performance under IWT. Results showed that (a) the overall effect size for MOT was larger negative in cold‐water fishes (−1.22) than in warm‐water fishes (−0.95). (b) Each 1°C increase in the activation medium reduced MOT by 1.30% (cold‐water fishes) and 3.47% (warm‐water fishes). (c) IWT negatively affected DSM, decreasing it by 10 s (cold‐water species) and 5.64 s (warm‐water species) per degree of IWT. (d) Spermatozoa velocity (VCL and VSL) increased by IWT in warm‐water species. (e) In cold‐water species, IWT‐induced detrimental effects on EAES were associated with adverse impacts on sperm motility kinetics. In conclusion, IWT negatively affects sperm motility kinetics, suggesting an impact of global warming on fish reproduction.
Responsible development of digital livestock technologies for agricultural challenges: Purpose, practicality and effects are key considerations
Authors: Williamson Hugh F. , Hartley Sarah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDigital livestock technologies (DLTs) are presented as solutions to grand challenges in post‐Brexit British agricultural policy, such as climate change and food security. Evidence suggests technological solutions to agricultural challenges will be more effective with stakeholder and public engagement, yet there is little known about stakeholder views on these emerging technologies. We drew on responsible research and innovation, to analyse stakeholder perspectives on three case studies of DLT development through anticipatory focus groups with expert stakeholders in British animal agriculture. We found that stakeholders from broadly agroecological approaches to farming are at risk of exclusion from DLT development and policy, with negative implications for the ability of DLTs to resolve grand challenges in animal agriculture. We propose a heuristic framework of purpose, practicality and effects as key considerations for inclusive and responsible DLT development that contributes to ensuring effective solutions to grand challenges while avoiding wasted investments.
High‐powered 675‐nm laser: Safety and efficacy in clinical evaluation and in vitro evidence for different skin disorders
Authors: Vitale Massimo D. F. , Madeddu Francesca , Fusco Irene , Pieri Laura , Bonan Paolo , Zingoni Tiziano , Magni Giada , Rossi Francesca 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundLaser technology is a viable therapeutic option for treating a number of skin pathologic conditions, including pigmented lesions, vascular lesions and acne scars.AimIn this work, through in vitro and clinical investigations we test the efficacy, the safety and the speed of treatment of high‐powered laser system emitting a 675‐nm in the management of various skin condition.Materials and methodsIn vitro experiments were performed irradiating adult human dermal fibroblasts cells (HDFa) with 675‐nm laser for 24, 48 and 72 h with different fluences and Ki‐67+ cells were counted. The confocal microscopy images of control and treated samples were acquired. Clinical skin rejuvenation/diseases treatments with 675 nm laser device were performed with different laser parameters in 11 patients with pigmented lesions, 5 patients with acne scars and 23 patients for skin rejuvenation. Data were evaluated with the validated global score using 5‐point scales (GAIS) and patient's satisfaction scale.ResultsThe application of the high‐power 675 nm laser has proven effective in stimulating cell proliferation in in vitro experiments and it led to good results for all skin pathologies. GAIS showed values between 3 and 4 points for all treated pathologies, all scores between ‘75%‐good improvements’ and ‘100%‐excellent improvements’. The treatment time was reduced by 50% compared to the old parameters setting, resulting in a faster and good patient's satisfying technique. No serious adverse effects were recorded. Conclusion: the preclinical and clinical data confirm the efficacy and safety of this high‐powered 675 nm laser for several skin condition.
Artificial intelligence in psychodermatology: A brief report of applications and impact in clinical practice
Authors: Tan Isabella J. , Katamanin Olivia M. , Greene Rachel K. , Jafferany Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis report evaluates the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in psychodermatology, emphasizing its ability to enhance diagnostic accuracy, treatment efficacy, and personalized care. Psychodermatology, which explores the connection between mental health and skin disorders, stands to benefit from AI's advanced data analysis and pattern recognition capabilities.Materials and methodsA literature search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar, spanning from 2004 to 2024, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies included demonstrated AI's effectiveness in predicting treatment outcomes for body dysmorphic disorder, identifying biomarkers in psoriasis and anxiety disorders, and refining therapeutic strategies.ResultsThe review identified several studies highlighting AI's role in improving treatment outcomes and diagnostic accuracy in psychodermatology. AI was effective in predicting outcomes for body dysmorphic disorder and identifying biomarkers related to psoriasis and anxiety disorders. However, challenges such as limited dermatologist knowledge, integration difficulties, and ethical concerns regarding patient privacy were noted.ConclusionAI holds significant promise for advancing psychodermatology by improving diagnostic precision, treatment effectiveness, and personalized care. Nonetheless, realizing this potential requires large‐scale clinical validation, enhanced dataset diversity, and robust ethical frameworks. Future research should focus on these areas, with interdisciplinary collaboration essential for overcoming current challenges and optimizing patient care in psychodermatology.
Supporting student‐centered math instruction in high‐need urban schools: The role of self‐talk in teacher identity development
Authors: Olitsky Stacy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis qualitative study explores how structural factors and self‐talk mediate early career math teachers' experiences implementing student‐centered reforms in high‐need urban schools. Results indicate that implementing instructional changes can sometimes interfere with the success of classroom interaction rituals, and can contribute to internal conversations containing blame of self and students. However, various supports can help teachers develop the “ingredients” for positive, action‐oriented self‐talk, including successful interactions within reform‐oriented communities and autonomy in planning curriculum. For one of the teachers in the study, access to distance communities focused on project‐based learning combined with alterations in self‐talk supported a reform‐oriented teaching identity, instruction that values students' interests, and commitment to teaching mathematics in high‐need urban schools.
Evaluation of lidocaine for auriculopalpebral nerve block in dogs: Onset, duration, and effects on intraocular pressure and eye examination
Authors: Golzar Bahar , Sarchahi Ali Asghar , Azizzadeh Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesAccurate intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement is essential for managing glaucoma, requiring tonometry. Local anesthesia is typically used, but nerve blocks may be needed for blepharospasm. This study investigated the efficacy of auriculopalpebral nerve block with lidocaine in achieving eyelid akinesia and its influence on IOP in dogs.Animals and ProceduresIn a randomized, blinded trial, 12 healthy adult mixed‐breed dogs (24 eyes) received either auriculopalpebral nerve block with 2% lidocaine (n = 12 eyes) or no block (n = 12 eyes). Tetracaine drops were used for topical anesthesia in half of blocked/non‐blocked eyes, and the rest of the eyes got artificial tears as control. The impact of nerve block was evaluated through assessments of menace response, palpebral reflex, and IOP before the block, after drop instillation, and at 15‐min intervals until block dissipation.ResultsAuriculopalpebral nerve block provided effective eyelid akinesia in 58.5% (7/12 eyes) at 15 min, reaching 91.7% (11/12 eyes) at 30 min, indicating peak efficacy. Subsequently, the block gradually diminished, with 66.7% (8/12 eyes) and 33.3% (4/12 eyes) maintaining akinesia at 45 and 60 min, respectively. Importantly, neither auriculopalpebral nerve block nor tetracaine administration significantly affected IOP measurements (p > .05).ConclusionsAuriculopalpebral nerve block using lidocaine demonstrated efficient eyelid akinesia, peaking at 30 min postinjection. This technique proved to be safe with no notable alterations in IOP, suggesting its potential utility in canine ophthalmology for procedures requiring eyelid akinesia, particularly in the management of glaucoma where maintaining accurate IOP measurements is crucial for diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring the disease.
Anomaly Detection in Square Butt Joint by Friction Stir Welding Using Variational Autoencoder
Authors: Oda Kazuya , Suwa Haruhiko , Murakami Koji 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study proposes an anomaly detection method for the friction stir welding process using a variational autoencoder, which is a representative deep generative model in machine learning, with two time-series data: temperature near a tool probe tip and a tool shoulder tip and bending force on a tool. We mention a square butt welding process of a pair of aluminum alloy plates. Through preliminary welding experiments, normal and anomalous data are collected to construct a VAE network used for anomaly detection in square butt joining. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through validation experiments by comparing the proposed VAE method with an autoencoder.