bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
D6PK AGCVIII Kinases Are Required for Auxin Transport and Phototropic Hypocotyl Bending in Arabidopsis
Authors: Willige Björn C. , Ahlers Siv , Zourelidou Melina , Barbosa Inês C.R. , Demarsy Emilie , Trevisan Martine , Davis Philip A. , Roelfsema M. Rob G. , Hangarter Roger , Fankhauser Christian , Schwechheimer Claus 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Phototropic hypocotyl bending in response to blue light excitation is an important adaptive process that helps plants to optimize their exposure to light. In Arabidopsis thaliana, phototropic hypocotyl bending is initiated by the blue light receptors and protein kinases phototropin1 (phot1) and phot2. Phototropic responses also require auxin transport and were shown to be partially compromised in mutants of the PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux facilitators. We previously described the D6 PROTEIN KINASE (D6PK) subfamily of AGCVIII kinases, which we proposed to directly regulate PIN-mediated auxin transport. Here, we show that phototropic hypocotyl bending is strongly dependent on the activity of D6PKs and the PIN proteins PIN3, PIN4, and PIN7. While early blue light and phot-dependent signaling events are not affected by the loss of D6PKs, we detect a gradual loss of PIN3 phosphorylation in d6pk mutants of increasing complexity that is most severe in the d6pk d6pkl1 d6pkl2 d6pkl3 quadruple mutant. This is accompanied by a reduction of basipetal auxin transport in the hypocotyls of d6pk as well as in pin mutants. Based on our data, we propose that D6PK-dependent PIN regulation promotes auxin transport and that auxin transport in the hypocotyl is a prerequisite for phot1-dependent hypocotyl bending.
Seed Architecture Shapes Embryo Metabolism in Oilseed Rape
Authors: Borisjuk Ljudmilla , Neuberger Thomas , Schwender Jörg , Heinzel Nicolas , Sunderhaus Stephanie , Fuchs Johannes , Hay Jordan O. , Tschiersch Henning , Braun Hans-Peter , Denolf Peter , Lambert Bart , Jakob Peter M. , Rolletschek Hardy 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Constrained to develop within the seed, the plant embryo must adapt its shape and size to fit the space available. Here, we demonstrate how this adjustment shapes metabolism of photosynthetic embryo. Noninvasive NMR-based imaging of the developing oilseed rape (Brassica napus) seed illustrates that, following embryo bending, gradients in lipid concentration became established. These were correlated with the local photosynthetic electron transport rate and the accumulation of storage products. Experimentally induced changes in embryo morphology and/or light supply altered these gradients and were accompanied by alterations in both proteome and metabolome. Tissue-specific metabolic models predicted that the outer cotyledon and hypocotyl/radicle generate the bulk of plastidic reductant/ATP via photosynthesis, while the inner cotyledon, being enclosed by the outer cotyledon, is forced to grow essentially heterotrophically. Under field-relevant high-light conditions, major contribution of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase–bypass to seed storage metabolism is predicted for the outer cotyledon and the hypocotyl/radicle only. Differences between in vitro– versus in planta–grown embryos suggest that metabolic heterogeneity of embryo is not observable by in vitro approaches. We conclude that in vivo metabolic fluxes are locally regulated and connected to seed architecture, driving the embryo toward an efficient use of available light and space.
EXO70A1-Mediated Vesicle Trafficking Is Critical for Tracheary Element Development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Shipeng , Chen Min , Yu Dali , Ren Shichao , Sun Shufeng , Liu Linde , Ketelaar Tijs , Emons Anne-Mie C. , Liu Chun-Ming 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Exocysts are highly conserved octameric complexes that play an essential role in the tethering of Golgi-derived vesicles to target membranes in eukaryotic organisms. Genes encoding the EXO70 subunit are highly duplicated in plants. Based on expression analyses, we proposed previously that individual EXO70 members may provide the exocyst with functional specificity to regulate cell type– or cargo-specific exocytosis, although direct evidence is not available. Here, we show that, as a gene expressed primarily during tracheary element (TE) development, EXO70A1 regulates vesicle trafficking in TE differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutations of EXO70A1 led to aberrant xylem development, producing dwarfed and nearly sterile plants with very low fertility, reduced cell expansion, and decreased water potential and hydraulic transport. Grafting of a mutant shoot onto wild-type rootstock rescued most of these aboveground phenotypes, while grafting of a wild-type shoot to the mutant rootstock did not rescue the short root hair phenotype, consistent with the role of TEs in hydraulic transport from roots to shoots. Histological analyses revealed an altered pattern of secondary cell wall thickening and accumulation of large membrane-bound compartments specifically in developing TEs of the mutant. We thus propose that EXO70A1 functions in vesicle trafficking in TEs to regulate patterned secondary cell wall thickening.
Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen (1841–1912) – 100 years anniversary tribute
Authors: Grzybowski Andrzej , Kluxen Guido , Półtorak Klaudia 
Published: May 2013

Abstract.2012 marks the 100th year of death of Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen (1841–1912), who discovered Mycobacterium leprae, but also gave the first systematic scientific work on the leprosy of the eye. The article reviews his life and scientific achievements with special regard to eye and ophthalmology.
Pleistocene landscape entrenchment: a geomorphological mountain to foreland field case, the Las Tunas system, Argentina
Authors: Pepin E. , Carretier S. , Hérail G. , Regard V. , Charrier R. , Farías M. , García V. , Giambiagi L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe study of the Las Tunas River incisions, located in the eastern Andean foreland front (3320’ S in Argentina), provides new clues for the interpretation of deep piedmont entrenchments. Both the Las Tunas mountain catchment and its piedmont are strongly entrenched with maximal incision of over 100 m at the mountain front. Three main terrace levels are well exposed and are labelled T1, T2 and T3 from the youngest to the oldest. We combined geological and geomorphological field observations, kinematic GPS data, satellite data and aerial photos with geochronological and analysis to provide a detailed description of terrace organization and a discussion of the evolution of the Las Tunas landscape. The surprisingly constant concentrations in surface layers as deep as 1.5 m show that gently dipping alluvial surfaces can be continuously and deeply mixed. Our data show a first period of deposition (Mesones Fm) before 0.85 Myr (minimum T3 age), followed by deep erosion and a second sedimentation period (Las Tunas Fm) that includes a ca. 0.6 Myr ash deposit. T2 and T1 are inset in the Las Tunas Fm and were abandoned ca. 15–20 kyr ago. The similar ages for T2 and T1 show that post‐20 kyr entrenchment occurred very rapidly. Despite Quaternary deformation in the Las Tunas piedmont, terrace entrenchment is best explained by paleo‐climatic changes. The terrace organization reveals that the erosion‐sedimentation phases affected the entire system from the piedmont toe to 10 km upstream of the mountain front. Finally, contrary to the neighbouring more deeply incised Diamante River system, where late Quaternary piedmont uplift is more likely to have been a factor causing incision, the more stable Las Tunas system provides an incomplete geomorphological record of Pleistocene and Holocene climate variations. We suggest that climate variations are better recorded in uplifting piedmonts than in stable ones, where the magnitude of incision and sedimentation and the fact that they occur repeatedly at the same elevation can erase a large part of the record.
Controls on fluvial sedimentary architecture and sediment‐fill state in salt‐walled mini‐basins: Triassic Moenkopi Formation, Salt Anticline Region, SE Utah, USA
Authors: Banham Steven G. , Mountney Nigel P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe Triassic Moenkopi Formation in the Salt Anticline Region, SE Utah, represents the preserved record of a low‐relief ephemeral fluvial system that accumulated in a series of actively subsiding salt‐walled mini‐basins. Development and evolution of the fluvial system and its resultant preserved architecture was controlled by the following: (1) the inherited state of the basin geometry at the time of commencement of sedimentation; (2) the rate of sediment delivery to the developing basins; (3) the orientation of fluvial pathways relative to the salt walls that bounded the basins; (4) spatially and temporally variable rates and styles of mini‐basin subsidence and associated salt‐wall uplift; and (5) temporal changes in regional climate. Detailed outcrop‐based tectono‐stratigraphic analyses demonstrate how three coevally developing mini‐basins and their intervening salt walls evolved in response to progressive sediment loading of a succession of Pennsylvanian salt (the Paradox Formation) by the younger Moenkopi Formation, deposits of which record a dryland fluvial system in which flow was primarily directed parallel to a series of elongate salt walls. In some mini‐basins, fluvial channel elements are stacked vertically within and along the central basin axes, in response to preferential salt withdrawal and resulting subsidence. In other basins, rim synclines have developed adjacent to bounding salt walls and these served as loci for accumulation of stacked fluvial channel complexes. Neighbouring mini‐basins exhibit different styles of infill at equivalent stratigraphic levels: sand‐poor basins dominated by fine‐grained, sheet‐like sandstone fluvial elements, which are representative of nonchannelised flow processes, apparently developed synchronously with neighbouring sand‐prone basins dominated by major fluvial channel‐belts, demonstrating effective partitioning of sediment route‐ways by surface topography generated by uplifting salt walls. Reworked gypsum clasts present in parts of the stratigraphy demonstrate the subaerial exposure of some salt walls, and their partial erosion and reworking into the fill of adjoining mini‐basins during accumulation of the Moenkopi Formation. Complex spatial changes in preserved stratigraphic thickness of four members in the Moenkopi Formation, both within and between mini‐basins, demonstrates a complex relationship between the location and timing of subsidence and the infill of the generated accommodation by fluvial processes.
Blunted hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis and insulin response to psychosocial stress in young adults born preterm at very low birth weight
Authors: Kaseva Nina , Wehkalampi Karoliina , Pyhälä Riikka , Moltchanova Elena , Feldt Kimmo , Pesonen Anu‐Katriina , Heinonen Kati , Hovi Petteri , Järvenpää Anna‐Liisa , Andersson Sture , Eriksson Johan G. , Räikkönen Katri , Kajantie Eero 
Published: May 2013

SummaryBackgroundYoung adults born preterm at very low birth weight (VLBW, ≤1500 g) have higher levels of cardiovascular risk factors, including impaired glucose regulation, than their term‐born peers. This could be mediated through altered hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis (HPAA) response to stress.ObjectiveTo compare HPAA, glucose and insulin responses provoked by psychosocial stress in VLBW subjects versus a comparison group of term‐born controls.Design and participantsWe studied 54 unimpaired young adults, aged 19–27 years, born at VLBW and a comparison group of 40 adults born at term, group‐matched for age, sex and birth hospital, from one regional centre in southern Finland. The participants underwent a standardized psychosocial stress test (Trier Social Stress Test, TSST).MeasurementsIn conjunction with TSST, we measured salivary cortisol, plasma ACTH, cortisol, glucose and insulin. Data were analysed with mixed‐effects model and multiple linear regression analyses.ResultsBaseline concentrations for cortisol, ACTH, insulin and glucose were similar in VLBW and comparison groups. During TSST, analysed with mixed‐effects model, overall concentrations of plasma cortisol were 17·2% lower (95% CI; 3·5 to 28·9) in the VLBW group. The VLBW group also had lower salivary (P = 0·04) and plasma cortisol (P = 0·02) responses to TSST. Insulin and glucose concentrations correlated with changes in cortisol concentrations. Accordingly, VLBW subjects had 26·5% lower increment in insulin (95% CI; 9·8–40·1). Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, hormonal contraception, menstrual cycle phase, time of day and parental education.ConclusionsVLBW adults have lower HPAA responses to psychosocial stress than term‐born controls. This is accompanied by a lower insulin response.
Have early postoperative complications from laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery improved over the past 20 years?
Authors: Shearer R. , Gale M. , Aly O. E. , Aly E. H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimLaparoscopic rectal cancer surgery has been increasingly used since 1991 following the publication of the first case series. Since then, several studies have confirmed that laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer is challenging with associated morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine if the rates of early postoperative complications in laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery have improved over the past 20 years.MethodA literature search of the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases between August 1991 and August 2011 was conducted using the keywords laparoscopy, rectal cancer and postoperative complications. Data were analysed using linear regression ANOVA performed in gnumerics software.ResultsNinety‐seven studies were included for analysis. Over the last 20 years there has been no significant change in the rate of any early postoperative complications (anastomotic leak, conversion, sexual, urinary or faecal dysfunction, wound infection, overall morbidity or mortality). However, in the last 3 years, the rate of positive resection margins has decreased significantly (P = 0.01).ConclusionThere was no evidence of a statistically significant change in early postoperative complications until 3 years ago. This may reflect the inherent morbidity associated with rectal surgery regardless of the approach used, the limitations of the current laparoscopic instrumentation or the relatively long learning curve. With increasing experience, a repeat analysis in the near future following the publication of ongoing randomized clinical trials might show improved outcomes.
Dearterialization with mucopexy versus haemorrhoidectomy for grade III or IV haemorrhoids: short‐term results of a double‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Denoya P. I. , Fakhoury M. , Chang K. , Fakhoury J. , Bergamaschi R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimThere is scepticism regarding anatomical rationale and Doppler guidance for ligation of haemorrhoidal arteries. The null hypothesis of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was that there is no difference in pain following dearterialization or haemorrhoidectomy for grade III/IV internal haemorrhoids in a minimum of three quadrants.MethodThis was a single‐centre, double‐blind RCT. Patients were allocated to dearterialization or haemorrhoidectomy. Included haemorrhoids were grade III, prolapsing but reducible; and grade IV, chronic non‐incarcerated. The primary end‐point was pain. Patients with external component, acute incarcerated grade IV or recurrent haemorrhoids were not included. The interventions were dearterialization (with Doppler guidance and mucopexy) or haemorrhoidectomy. The main outcome measure was the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI).ResultsTwenty dearterialization patients were comparable to 20 haemorrhoidectomy patients for age (P = 0.107), body mass index (P = 0.559), race (P = 0.437), American Society of Anesthesiology score (P = 0.569), comorbidities (P = 0.592), grade (P = 0.096), quadrants (P = 0.222), Fecal Incontinence Quality‐of‐Life Score (FIQOL; P = 0.388), coping (P = 0.532), depression (P = 0.505), embarrassment (P = 0.842), and Short Form Health Survey (SF‐12) physical components (P = 0.337), SF‐12 mental components (P = 0.396) and constipation (P = 0.628) scores. Dearterialization patients had shorter operative time (36 vs 54 min, P = 0.043) with less pain (P = 0.011) and urinary retention (P = 0.012). Dearterialization patients had first bowel movement earlier (1.3 vs 4.6 days, P = 0.001), less pain (P = 0.011) and lower pain intensity (P = 0.001). Narcotic requirements were reduced in dearterialization patients (25% vs 100%, P = 0.001), with less medication (4.9 vs 112 pills, P = 0.001) and shorter regimen (0 vs 7 days, P = 0.001). BPI did not differ on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 except for less pain in dearterialization patients. At 3 months, symptomatic relief was the same with no differences in BPI, FIQOL or SF‐12.ConclusionCompared with haemorrhoidectomy, dearterialization led to less pain in grade III/IV haemorrhoids.
Clinical validity of tissue carcinoembryonic antigen expression as ancillary to serum carcinoembryonic antigen concentration in patients curatively resected for colorectal cancer
Authors: Park J. W. , Chang H. J. , Kim B. C. , Yeo H. Y. , Kim D. Y. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimAlthough serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level is prognostic in colorectal cancer, the prognostic role of tumour CEA expression is unclear. The aim of this study is to identify the prognostic and surveillance roles of tissue CEA expression along with serum CEA concentration in patients curatively resected for colorectal cancer.MethodBetween January and December 2003, 294 patients who underwent curative resection for colorectal cancer were included in the study. Correlation of tissue CEA expression with overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS) and elevated serum CEA concentration at tumour recurrence were analysed.ResultsTissue CEA expression was positive in 215 patients (73.1%). CEA expression was an independent prognostic factor for OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.537, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.065–6.042, P = 0.035] and DFS (HR = 3.090, 95% CI = 1.405–6.795, P = 0.005). Elevation of serum CEA at tumour recurrence was significantly lower in patients without than with tissue CEA expression (14.3 vs 57.6%, P = 0.045). Moreover, when patients were grouped according to a combination of serum CEA elevation and tissue CEA expression, those with tissue CEA expression and elevated serum CEA (group 3) had significantly poorer OS and DFS (P < 0.001 each) than those without CEA expression and elevated serum CEA (group 1) and those with either tissue CEA expression or elevated serum CEA (group 2). OS (P = 0.006) and DFS (P = 0.027) were both significantly greater in group 1 than in group 2.ConclusionTissue CEA expression is a prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer. Analysis of tissue CEA expression may be helpful in determining the clinical utility of serial measurements of serum CEA as surveillance in patients with curatively resected colorectal cancer.
CT scan‐based modelling of anastomotic leak risk after colorectal surgery
Authors: Gervaz P. , Platon A. , Buchs N. C. , Rocher T. , Perneger T. , Poletti P.‐A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimProlonged ileus, low‐grade fever and abdominal discomfort are common during the first week after colonic resection. Undiagnosed anastomotic leak carries a poor outcome and computed tomography (CT) scan is the best imaging tool for assessing postoperative abdominal complications. We used a CT scan‐based model to quantify the risk of anastomotic leak after colorectal surgery.MethodA case–control analysis of 74 patients who underwent clinico‐radiological evaluation after colorectal surgery for suspicion of anastomotic leak was undertaken and a multivariable analysis of risk factors for leak was performed. A logistic regression model was used to identify determinant variables and construct a predictive score.ResultsOut of 74 patients with a clinical suspicion of anastomotic leak, 17 (23%) had this complication confirmed following repeat laparotomy. In multivariate analysis, three variables were associated with anastomotic leak: (1) white blood cells count > 9 × 109/l (OR = 14.8); (2) presence of ≥ 500 cm3 of intra‐ abdominal fluid (OR = 13.4); and (3) pneumoperitoneum at the site of anastomosis (OR = 9.9). Each of these three parameters contributed one point to the risk score. The observed risk of leak was 0, 6, 31 and 100%, respectively, for patients with scores of 0, 1, 2 and 3. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the score was 0.83 (0.72–0.94).ConclusionThis CT scan‐based model seems clinically promising for objective quantification of the risk of a leak after colorectal surgery.
Variation in colorectal cancer treatment and survival: a cohort study covering the East Anglia region
Authors: Warwick J. , Will O. , Allgood P. , Miller R. , Duffy S. , Greenberg D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimNational guidelines for colorectal cancer management aim to optimize cancer outcomes irrespective of postcode. However, in order to ensure equal performance of cancer services, variation in outcome must be monitored and intelligently assessed. In this study, detailed regional cancer registry data were used to quantify and explore the reasons for variation in colorectal cancer outcomes at nine hospitals in East Anglia.MethodWe analysed data on colorectal cancers registered by the Eastern Cancer Registry and Information Centre (ECRIC) between 1999 and 2005. Tumours were grouped by site, in keeping with surgical resection. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to identify the effects of patient, disease and treatment variables on an individual's risk of death.ResultsAfter adjusting for demographic, disease and treatment variables there were significant differences in survival among hospitals in emergency admissions with cancer of the right colon, in elective admissions with cancer of the left, sigmoid or recto‐sigmoid colon and in emergency admissions with cancer of the rectum. There were also differences among hospitals in terms of perioperative death, nonsurgical management and numbers of nodes examined. For rectal cancers, rates of anterior resection compared with abdominoperineal excision differed, as well as the use of neoadjuvant radiotherapy.ConclusionDetailed analysis of demographic, disease and treatment factors are required when comparing the survival of individuals with colorectal cancer across hospitals. The results imply that cancer management was not consistent across East Anglia in 1999–2005 but the reasons for this are uncertain. Nevertheless, 5‐year age‐standardized survival with colon cancer in the Anglia Cancer Network region is currently among the best in the UK.
Evolution of intravascular assessment of coronary anatomy and physiology: from ultrasound imaging to optical and flow assessment
Authors: Sanidas Elias , Dangas George 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe fact that coronary angiography has limitations in terms of precise estimation and progression of atherosclerosis has been partially overcome during the last years by the use of new techniques. Catheter‐based invasive modalities are of a profound clinical importance in regard to accurate assessment of coronary anatomy and physiology and the choice of the appropriate treatment strategy for each patient. Also their potential in clinical investigation projects is of great interest. This current review summarizes the basic principles of these methodologies and evidently highlights not only their use in clinical practice but also their contribution in clinical outcomes.