bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Bayesian clustering for nonstationary flood frequency analysis: Application to trends of annual maximum flow in Germany
Authors: Sun Xun , Lall Upmanu , Merz Bruno , Dung Nguyen Viet 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEspecially for extreme precipitation or floods, there is considerable spatial and temporal variability in long term trends or in the response of station time series to large‐scale climate indices. Consequently, identifying trends or sensitivity of these extremes to climate parameters can be marked by high uncertainty. When one develops a nonstationary frequency analysis model, a key step is the identification of potential trends or effects of climate indices on the station series. An automatic clustering procedure that effectively pools stations where there are similar responses is desirable to reduce the estimation variance, thus improving the identification of trends or responses, and accounting for spatial dependence. This paper presents a new hierarchical Bayesian approach for exploring homogeneity of response in large area data sets, through a multicomponent mixture model. The approach allows the reduction of uncertainties through both full pooling and partial pooling of stations across automatically chosen subsets of the data. We apply the model to study the trends in annual maximum daily stream flow at 68 gauges over Germany. The effects of changing the number of clusters and the parameters used for clustering are demonstrated. The results show that there are large, mainly upward trends in the gauges of the River Rhine Basin in Western Germany and along the main stream of the Danube River in the south, while there are also some small upward trends at gauges in Central and Northern Germany.
Factors Controlling β‐Elimination Reactions in Group 10 Metal Complexes
Authors: Sosa Carrizo E. Daiann , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Fernández Israel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Daiann Sosa Carrizo and Israel Fernández at the Universidad Complutense in Madrid together with Matthias Bickelhaupt at the VU University in Amsterdam. The image depicts a goldfish jumping out of its bowl, comparable to how chlorine atoms can undergo a β‐elimination reaction and migrate from the alkyl ligand to the Group 10 transition metal without a prior ligand dissociation. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201502036.
Simultaneous Improvement of array factor directivity and side lobe level of time‐modulated linear antenna arrays using opposition‐based harmony search algorithm
Authors: Ram Gopi , Mandal Durbadal , Kar Rajib , Ghoshal Sakti Prasad 
Published: July 2015

SummaryIn this paper, simultaneous improvement of array factor directivity and side lobe level of time‐modulated linear antenna arrays using opposition‐based harmony search algorithm has been dealt with. Because of the periodic function of switching time, the same antenna array will radiate at fundamental (center) frequency as well as its harmonic frequencies. The first two harmonic frequencies are (f0 + Fp) and (f0 + 2Fp), where f0 and Fp are operating frequency and pulse repetition frequency, respectively. Four case studies have been adapted; Case‐1: optimal switching time sequence of each element; Case‐2: optimal switching time sequence of each element and optimal non‐uniform inter‐element spacing; Case‐3: optimal switching time sequence of each element, optimal excitation phase of each element, and optimal uniform inter‐element spacing; Case‐4 refers to optimal switching time sequence of each element and optimal uniform inter‐element spacing. Simulation results reflect that Case‐4 outperforms Case‐1, Case‐2, and Case‐3. The objective function was judiciously chosen in such a way that it can simultaneously improve the array factor directivity as well as side lobe level. Considered for the analysis was 16‐element linear antenna array. Various simulation results are presented showing better side lobe performance, better side band performance, and improved array factor directivity with respect to the uniform array having the same number of elements. The numerical results show the power radiated by any harmonic frequency is less as compared with the power radiated at the center frequency called the fundamental frequency. It has also been observed that as the harmonic frequency increases, sideband level and power radiated by the antenna at its harmonic frequency decrease. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pupil Response to Threat in Trauma‐Exposed Individuals With or Without PTSD
Authors: Cascardi Michele , Armstrong Davine , Chung Leeyup , Paré Denis 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn infrequently studied and potentially promising physiological marker for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is pupil response. This study tested the hypothesis that pupil responses to threat would be significantly larger in trauma‐exposed individuals with PTSD compared to those without PTSD. Eye‐tracking technology was used to evaluate pupil response to threatening and neutral images. Recruited for participation were 40 trauma‐exposed individuals; 40.0% (n = 16) met diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Individuals with PTSD showed significantly more pupil dilation to threat‐relevant stimuli compared to the neutral elements (Cohen's d = 0.76), and to trauma‐exposed controls (Cohen's d = 0.75). Pupil dilation significantly accounted for 12% of variability in PTSD after time elapsed since most recent trauma, cumulative violence exposure, and trait anxiety were statistically adjusted. The final logistic regression model was associated with 85% of variability in PTSD status and correctly classified 93.8% of individuals with PTSD and 95.8% of those without. Pupil reactivity showed promise as a physiological marker for PTSD.
Effect of Electron Beam Radiation on the Mechanical Properties of Low‐Density Polyethylene (LDPE)/Waste Tire Dust (WTD) Blends
Authors: Thevy Ratnam Chantara , Ramarad Suganti , Khalid Mohd , Abdull Rashid Suhaida , Mohamed Zurina 
Published: July 2015

SummaryBlends of low‐density polyethylene, LDPE /waste tire dust, WTD were prepared by using a Haake mixer at 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, and 60/40 blend ratios. The blends were irradiated by using a 3.0 MeV electron beam (EB) machine at 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kGy irradiation doses. All the samples were tested for mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus at 100% strain, hardness and impact strength before and after irradiation exposure. Prior to irradiation, the mechanical properties of the blends (except for impact strength) found to show a gradual decrease with the addition of WTD. Enhancements in the mechanical properties were achieved upon EB irradiation of the LDPE/WTD blends. This is attributed to the irradiation induced crosslinking of LDPE matrix along with the increase in the compatibility of LDPE/WTD blend through irradiation‐induced co crosslinking between the WTD and LDPE at the interface. The gel fraction results and scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surfaces of the LDPE/WTD blends show evidences consistent with the above contention.
Fast Photoswitching Azo Dyes
Authors: Hegde Gurumurthy , Yuvaraj A. R. , Sinn‐Yam Wan , Yusoff Mashitah M. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryFast photoswitching azobenzene molecules were incorporated into isoflavone moieties. These molecules exhibit a liquid crystalline nematic state at certain temperature intervals. UV/Vis spectrophotometry investigations on solutions reveal that E/Z conversion takes place around 1 s, whereas thermal back relaxation, namely Z/E, takes around 6 min. This is the first example of fast photoswitching isoflavones in solution. This study has potential to create optical data storage devices when transferred to solid surfaces.
Accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound for diagnosis of deep endometriosis in the rectosigmoid: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Guerriero S. , Ajossa S. , Orozco R. , Perniciano M. , Jurado M. , Melis G. B. , Alcazar J. L. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo review the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) in the preoperative detection of rectosigmoid endometriosis in patients with clinical suspicion of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE), comparing enhanced (E‐TVS) and non‐enhanced approaches.MethodsAn extensive search was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE for studies published between January 1989 and December 2014. The eligibility criterion was use of TVS for preoperative detection of rectosigmoid endometriosis in women with clinical suspicion of DIE, using surgical data as the reference standard. Study quality was assessed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 (QUADAS‐2) tool.ResultsOur extended search identified a total of 801 citations, among which 19 studies (n = 2639) were considered eligible and included in the meta‐analysis. Overall pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR+) and negative likelihood ratio (LR–) of TVS for detecting DIE in the rectosigmoid were 91% (95%CI, 85–94%), 97% (95%CI, 95–98%), 33.0 (95%CI, 18.6–58.6) and 0.10 (95%CI, 0.06–0.16), respectively. Significant heterogeneity was found for sensitivity (I2, 90.8%; Cochran Q, 195.2; P < 0.001) and specificity (I2, 76.8%; Cochran Q, 77.7; P < 0.001). We did not find statistical differences between non‐enhanced TVS and E‐TVS (P = 0.304).ConclusionOverall diagnostic performance of TVS for DIE of the rectosigmoid is good. However, further studies with improved quality in design are needed. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Time-lapse Raman imaging of osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Hashimoto Aya , Yamaguchi Yoshinori , Chiu Liang-da , Morimoto Chiaki , Fujita Katsumasa , Takedachi Masahide , Kawata Satoshi , Murakami Shinya , Tamiya Eiichi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOsteoblastic mineralization occurs during the early stages of bone formation. During this mineralization, hydroxyapatite (HA), a major component of bone, is synthesized, generating hard tissue. Many of the mechanisms driving biomineralization remain unclear because the traditional biochemical assays used to investigate them are destructive techniques incompatible with viable cells. To determine the temporal changes in mineralization-related biomolecules at mineralization spots, we performed time-lapse Raman imaging of mouse osteoblasts at a subcellular resolution throughout the mineralization process. Raman imaging enabled us to analyze the dynamics of the related biomolecules at mineralization spots throughout the entire process of mineralization. Here, we stimulated KUSA-A1 cells to differentiate into osteoblasts and conducted time-lapse Raman imaging on them every 4 hours for 24 hours, beginning 5 days after the stimulation. The HA and cytochrome c Raman bands were used as markers for osteoblastic mineralization and apoptosis. From the Raman images successfully acquired throughout the mineralization process, we found that β-carotene acts as a biomarker that indicates the initiation of osteoblastic mineralization. A fluctuation of cytochrome c concentration, which indicates cell apoptosis, was also observed during mineralization. We expect time-lapse Raman imaging to help us to further elucidate osteoblastic mineralization mechanisms that have previously been unobservable.
Applying Lean Six Sigma within the university: opportunities for process improvement and cultural change
Authors: Hess James D , Benjamin Bruce A. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to review the historical development of Lean Six Sigma and to identify the relevant opportunities for the application of Lean Six Sigma within the university setting. The paper also discusses the challenges of Lean Six Sigma implementation in higher education, as well as the cultural changes necessary to provide an appropriate climate for its long-term success.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper contains a comprehensive discussion of the development of Lean Six Sigma over the past three decades. Additionally, the paper describes how Lean Six Sigma may be applied in the university setting to improve processes in curriculum delivery; business and auxiliary services; admissions and enrollment management; and research.

Findings
– Lean Six Sigma can be applied to facilitate process improvements in curriculum delivery; business and auxiliary services; admissions and enrollment management; and research. While obstacles to Lean Six Sigma implementation exist, the process improvements and resulting cultural changes are worthwhile and noteworthy.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper serves as a guide for how Lean Six Sigma processes can be utilized in the higher education setting. Other researchers and practitioners may use the paper as a practical orientation to Lean Six Sigma in the university setting.

Originality/value
– Due to the unique culture of higher education, the application of Lean Six Sigma to university processes has been sparse. The paper provides a needed orientation as to how Lean Six Sigma may be applied to improve some of the more important functional aspects of the university.
Employee competences in manufacturing companies – an expert survey
Authors: Meyer Gerrit , Brünig Bianca , Nyhuis Peter 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present competences that are highly relevant for manufacturing today and tomorrow. Following a discussion on the concept of “competence”, a variety of competences are presented and classified into the four facets professional, methodological, social, and self-competence.Design/methodology/approach– Using an exploratory method, the paper aims at describing relevant manufacturing-related competences with the help of an online survey. Experts, mostly from the production management or HR departments of manufacturing companies in Germany, were polled and asked to evaluate the relevancy of a list of competences for manufacturing.Findings– For the experts, flawless execution and quality awareness are competences with a very high relevance, whereas analytical abilities have very little meaning. The experts questioned expect openness to change to undergo the strongest increase in importance.Practical implications– This paper shows competences particularly relevant for future production, so that companies can derive specific competence development measures. The findings are descriptive only, but should enable companies to identify specific competence gaps and to select measures to develop competences.Originality/value– This paper attempts to bridge the gap between academics and practice by outlining relevant manufacturing competences that have been evaluated by managers. This is in contrast to most scientific research that classifies manufacturing-related competences as important based on own assessment.
Hiring for the green economy
Authors: Klingenberg Beate , Kochanowski Susan M 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how recruiters at a college career fair perceive sustainability and the knowledge business graduates should have about it. It reports on how recruiters understand sustainability and perceive their organization’s engagement and resulting expectations for new hires. The results indicate that recruiters neither understand sustainability well, nor are suitably informed of their organizations’ needs with respect to this topic. Educators, as a consequence, face a dilemma of how to craft adequate educational experiences, as employer needs are not clearly expressed. The paper concludes with suggestions on how educational institutions can nevertheless proceed with offerings in sustainability education.Design/methodology/approach– The study was performed by conducting personal, structured interviews at a college career fair.Findings– While most respondents considered sustainability to be an important topic, there appears to be a lack of thorough understanding of sustainability. Recruiters were not overly informed about their organizations’ position and efforts toward sustainability. They considered it to be important that students learn about sustainability, but preferences for educational tools were not aligned with expected depth of knowledge. This leaves educators in search of guidance on how to align educational offerings with organizational needs.Research limitations/implications– As a pilot study, the total number of interviewed organizations was low, and therefore, the results should not be over-interpreted. The findings nevertheless point to a clear disconnect between organizations’ expressed needs for adequate trained personal and their ability to define what they are looking for. These results encourage more research to develop a better link between company strategy toward sustainability, recruiter’s know-how of it and concise expectations in new hires that could be mirrored in educational offerings.Practical implications– Human resources play a critical role in providing organizations with the capabilities to become more sustainable. Organizations need to develop concise recruitment policies that better communicate what they are looking for, as well as educational programs for recruiters to ensure future hiring fulfills critical needs.Originality/value– This paper closes a gap in the literature as it includes a thus-far ignored stakeholder group, namely recruiters; into the research on how to align organizational needs with the development of adequate educational offerings that generate future leaders and managers well-versed in sustainability.
Formal mentorships: examining objective-setting, event participation and experience
Authors: Matarazzo Kristina L. , Finkelstein Lisa M. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate commonly recommended practices for formal mentoring programs (FMP). The authors examine how objective-setting, participating in organizational FMP events, and repeat participation in a FMP relates to how mentors and mentees perceive their relationship.Design/methodology/approach– Mentor and mentee participants in an 18-month FMP within a consumer goods organization responded to a survey. Proposed hypotheses, competing hypotheses, and exploratory research questions were tested using regression.Findings– Setting objectives was most important to the mentoring relationship when mentors were unable to attend orientation events. Veteran mentees reported learning more from the relationship when paired with a veteran mentor; novice mentees reported the same when paired with novice mentors.Research limitations/implications– The findings provide some research evidence supporting practitioner-recommended best practices. The conclusions are limited by the cross-sectional nature of the data collection and the lack of random assignment to FMP events. Future research should consider field experiments, and explore a wider range of events and activities.Practical implications– The importance of goal setting should be stressed more often in training and orientation for FMPs, and program administrators should consider using repeat participation as a factor in matching.Originality/value– This is the first study to examine relationship-quality variables and learning in relation to participation in organization-sponsored events and to repeat involvement in a program. It also answers a call in the literature for studies on the characteristics that can enhance the success of formal mentoring efforts.
Time in teams: cognitions, conflict and team satisfaction
Authors: Standifer Rhetta L. , Raes Anneloes M.L. , Peus Claudia , Passos Ana Margarida , Santos Catarina Marques , Weisweiler Silke 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide more insight into team temporal constructs and team satisfaction, this study proposes and tests a multiple mediation model of shared temporal cognition (STC), temporal conflict (TC), action processes, and team satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach– The authors test the theoretical model in a sample of 364 student teams (1,414 individuals) from universities in the USA, Switzerland, Germany, and Portugal. Participants completed questionnaires at three points in time.Findings– Results indicated a direct, positive relationship between STC and team satisfaction and a direct, negative relationship between TC and team satisfaction. Action processes and TC partially and sequentially mediated the relationship between STC and team satisfaction over time.Research limitations/implications– This study was restricted to self-report, to a student population, and to Western cultures. The study was not of an experimental nature which prevents making causal claims regarding relationships among variables.Practical implications– These results demonstrate the need for teams to be conscious of time and its relationship to team interaction and satisfaction. The authors advise both team leaders and members to acknowledge the importance of STC.Social implications– The need for temporal awareness and STC in collaborative endeavors, and the need to mindfully utilize action processes to minimize conflict and assist in the effective use of shared cognition is widely applicable from a societal perspective.Originality/value– This study provides new theoretical and empirical insight into a multiple mediation model including STC, TC, action processes, and team satisfaction. The size and multi-cultural nature of the sample also enhance the generalizability of the findings.