bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die lyf: fasette van die erotiese en seksuele in die Romeinse Ryk
Authors: Botha PJJ 
Published: November 2012

An introduction to aspects of the erotic and sexuality in Greco-Roman antiquity requires some understanding of how people saw their bodies. What is considered erotic is related to the “ideal” body: sexuality manifests itself as culturally and historically determined. In this article relevant parts of the Greco-Roman cosmology is briefly discussed and concepts of the body analysed before an overview of love relations between women and men is presented. In the final section the shift in views about the body among the early Christians, is specified.
Maar my voete wil nou sing
Authors: Vos CJA 
Published: November 2012

In this article the author takes a closer look at biblical erotica through the eyes of poetry on the one hand and contemporary Afrikaans poetry on the other. By way of conveying some thoughts on texts in Song of Songs (along with other assorted scriptural texts) the ideas regarding sexuality encountered therein are made to converse with a careful selection of a number of Afrikaans poems to express in homiletical fashion something about the wonder and mystery of this greatest of Heaven’s gifts bestowed upon the human condition – the divine spark.
“Friends becoming foes”: a case of social rejection in Psalm 31
Authors: Basson Alec 
Published: November 2012

The supplicant of Psalm 31 bemoans the fact that his neighbours and companions treat him like an outcast. What is even more disturbing is the fact that one would expect this from the enemies, as is the case in so many laments. The friends and family who were supposed to provide the necessary support in times of affliction, however, deserted the psalmist. The line between friend and foe became blurred. The plaintiff faces rejection on two fronts: attacked by his enemies and ostracised by his friends. Through the marginalisation the poet no longer feature as a member of the social group that embodies his identity. Instead of being in the centre, he now operates on the periphery, thus bearing the full brunt of social rejection in ancient Israel. This form of rejection is tantamount to life on the “outskirts” of society. Focusing on the notion of spatiality, this paper aims at illustrating that the image-schema of centre-periphery underlies the behaviour of the companions in Psalm 31. The neighbours and companions reside in the centre (important and honourable), whereas the psalmist exists on the periphery (unimportant and disgraced).
Psalm 150 according to the Septuagint: integrating translation and tradition criticism into modern Septuagint exegesis
Authors: Dafni Evangelia G 
Published: November 2012

The attempt to detect Theology in the linguistic deviations and divergencies of the Septuagint (LXX) with the Massoretic Text (MT), presupposes the use of certain exegetical methods. Of course, this implies methods to be used by the modern Septuagint scholar and not the hypothetical translation technique(s) used by the LXX-translators. Therefore, I suggest the scholar should integrate the historical critical method – in a balanced manner, without the incriminating questioning of long outdated historicism - into the modern LXX-exegesis. In this way, I think, we have the opportunity to verify or falsify hypothetical exegetical practices probably used by the LXX-translators and to discover where we are really able to talk about genuine Theology in the LXX – in contrast to the MT. The LXX-Psalm 150, in comparison to other related Old Testament texts, was chosen to exemplify this suggestion.
A discourse analytical view of two South African case studies on the effects on HIV/AIDS in marriage
Authors: Van den Berg J A , Van den Berg J , Nichol R , De Klerk B 
Published: November 2012

South Africa is the country with the highest incidence of HIV / AIDS in the world. In order to understand the complex phenomenon experienced by people infected and affected by HIV/AIDS in South Africa, the diverse cultural landscape, amongst other factors, needs to be explored. In a qualitative study, the authors explore the impact of this phenomenon on marriage. Using psychiatric texts and by employing the method of Discourse Analysis on two case studies, different ways of dealing with HIV/AIDS in marriage and the way it dramatically influences marriage are analysed. The impact of these previously untold stories of HIV/AIDS in marriage is seen especially in the lives of spouses who respond differently when managing this problem. In coping with the trauma of HIV/AIDS, spirituality plays a role. Using the biopsychosocial/spiritual-model within a post-modern view of therapy, the role of spirituality is described. The research, viewed through a culture-sensitive lens, acknowledges the different ethical dilemmas involved. Certain limitations in the research methodology are discussed and the need for further research is highlighted.
A language of hope from a homiletical perspective
Authors: Vos CJA 
Published: November 2012

The purpose of a sermon is to give hope when it appears that there is none. This hope must be like a light, breaking through the darkness. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's music is a transition from darkness to light. His music helps us to look further than darkness, suffering and death. In the Old Testament, there is a reference to Psalm 42/43 and also the perspective of hope in God, despite the dark circumstances in life. The hope that bubbles out of Romans has christological, pneumatological, cosmological and anthropological dimensions. From this theological foundation, a sermon becomes a messenger of hope. In a sermon, language is the key to hope. In order to understand the language of the Bible, (especially the Old Testament), consideration needs to be given to the origins and function of mythological language. The language of a text and the language of a homiletician is further woven together by metaphors. The language of the homiletician must also carry the language of love. Imagination is an undeniable part of a sermon and imagination can create hope.
Bpotos A favourite word of Homer in the Septuagint version of Job
Authors: Dafni Evangelia G 
Published: November 2012

Bpotos, a favourite word used by Homer , appears exclusively in the Septuagint version of Job to express the beauty of the whole man, as an excellent creature of God, who is transient but strives to achieve eternity. He is vulnerable but wants to reach perfection, is mortal and longs for immortality. This equivalent enables us to decode translation processes in the LXX-Job and to uncover hermeneutical principles and characteristics of its theological and anthropological language and thought.
Improving care for women living with HIV: initial outcomes of an integration experience
Authors: Fink V , Zurita D , Tejo M , Perez H , Cesar C , Figueroa M , Patterson P , Sued O , Cahn P 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundWomen living with HIV are at higher risk of developing HPV‐related diseases. Albeit they are systematically referred for cervical cancer screening, difficulties in obtaining timely appointments are the main barrier for an adequate gynecological care. In our unit, according to a previous survey, 67% of women reported this problem. Therefore, in January 2011 the integration of HIV and gynecological care was sought through the provision of gynecological care within the Infectious Diseases Unit in our hospital.MethodsA weekly specific clinic for women living with HIV cared by HIV and gynecological specialists was implemented. Appointments are given at the HIV clinic, with no need of referral. Pap smear and colposcopy are offered in the same place. Data are collected through standardized forms. Baseline data from the first hundred patients referred are presented.ResultsNinety‐six women were assisted. Median age was 40 years (IQR 36–46.5). Median time from HIV diagnosis was 10.6 years (IQR 4.9–16.4). 82% patients were on HAART. Median CD4 cell count was 473 cells/cc (IQR: 287–614) and 49% had viral load<50. 48% lacked a gynecological control for the last 2 years. 24% had been previously diagnosed and/or treated for HPV‐related pathology. Cervical Pap smear results (n=94): 59% were negative; 20% had LGSIL and 2% had HGSIL. Of those diagnosed with SIL, 29% had history of HPV‐related lesions. Of note, 23% had infections or inflammatory results. Clinically significant abnormal colposcopies were seen in 21/93 (23%) patients. Of those, 30% were diagnosed SIL in the Pap smear.ConclusionsIntegrating the gynecologist with the ID Unit allowed women living with HIV easier access to gynecological control. The high number of abnormalities in the Pap smears detected in this pilot study reinforces the need of improving cervical cancer screening for prevention and early treatment through integrated approaches.
Role and interpretation of FDG‐PET/CT in HIV patients with fever of unknown origin: a prospective study
Authors: Martin C , Castaigne C , Tondeur M , Flamen P , De Wit S 
Published: November 2012

Purpose of the studyFever of unknown origin (FUO) is a challenging clinical entity in HIV patients. FDG‐PET/CT is well validated in the work‐up of FUO in HIV‐negative patients but in HIV viremic patients, metabolism of HIV reactive lymph nodes could decrease its specificity. We prospectively evaluated the usefulness of FDG‐PET/CT in FUO in HIV‐positive patients and in particular whether HIV viremia impacts on FDG‐PET/CT performance.MethodsFDG‐PET/CT was performed in 20 HIV patients with FUO and compared with FDG‐PET/CT in 10 HIV viremic patients without FUO. Final diagnosis for FUO was based on histopathology, microbiology, or clinical and imaging follow‐up. Mode of diagnosis, accordance of FDG‐PET/CT with final diagnosis, localization of invasive diagnosis procedures was recorded in order to assess usefulness of FDG‐PET/CT.ResultsFDG‐PET/CT showed a different pattern in FUO and asymptomatic viremic patients. Reactive HIV lymph nodes in asymptomatic viremic patients were mostly peripheral with mean SUVmax of 6.5. In patients with FUO and underlying focal pathologies, hypermetabolic lymph nodes were central with mean SUVmax of 11.6. Presence of central lymph nodes with high FDG uptake in had a 100% specificity for focal pathology, even in viremic patients and absence of these had 100% negative predictive value. Lymph node biopsy in central hypermetabolic areas allowed identifying underlying disease in all FUO patients. For peripheral lymph nodes, a ROC curve was built in order to define the best cut‐off of SUVmax for biopsy: SUVmax of 6–8 showed a sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 75%. Lymph nodes with SUVmax<4 had sensitivity of 0%.ConclusionsFDG‐PET/CT contributed to the diagnosis or exclusion of a focal etiology of the febrile state in 80% of HIV patients with FUO. Although number of patients was small, we could highlight several clear‐cut features to help interpreting FDG‐PET/CT in HIV patients with FUO. As in HIV‐negative patients, we showed the usefulness of FDG‐PET/CT in FUO in HIV patients even if they are viremic.
Hospitalisation causes of HIV‐infected patients in 2011 in an HIV reference center in the Paris region, France
Authors: Rapp C , Reggad A , Aoun A , Ficko C , Andriamanantena D , Flateau C 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundIn France, approximately 100,000 HIV‐infected patients are regularly followed up in hospitals. Due to the availability and efficacy of antiretrovirals, the number of hospitalised patients is decreasing in favour of outpatient management. In order to optimise the balance between patients’ hospitalisation and hospital structures, collection of recent data on the profile of hospitalised patients is essential.ObjectivesDescribe the frequency, causes of hospitalisation and characteristics of hospitalised HIV‐infected patients.MethodsRetrospective study of a cohort of HIV‐infected patients hospitalised more than a day at the Bégin hospital (Saint‐Mandé) between January 1st and December 31, 2011.ResultsDuring this period, 170 hospitalisations were recorded, corresponding to 78 patients (61 M /17 F). Main causes of hospitalisation were: infections (52%), surgical treatments (10%), haemopathies/cancers (8%), cardiovascular diseases (8%), neurological illnesses (7%), hepatic and digestive tract pathologies (6%). Principal admission wards were: an HIV reference unit (67%), the emergency department (7%), cardiology (7%), surgery ward (7%), internal medicine (6%) and intensive care unit (3%). One out of five patients was admitted for an acquired immune deficiency syndrome‐related event (opportunistic infection or cancer). Two‐thirds of patients had one or several co‐morbidities. Only 61% (48/78) of patients had more than 200 CD4+lymphocytes/mm3 and 69% (54/78) an undetectable HIV viral load. The average length of stay was 6.5 days (range: 2–38). Four (5%) fatalities were reported and 85% of patients returned home.DiscussionHospitalisation of HIV‐infected patients remains significant and the causes are diversifying. Infections, in particular in patients screened at a late stage, cancers and management of comorbidities justify a coordinated referral to the different specialists.
The effect on survival of a multidimensional intervention project (SEAD) in HIV/AIDS patients with follow‐up and adherence (FUP/ADH) barriers
Authors: Pérez Elías M , Elías Casado L , Pumares M , Moreno A , Dronda F , Muriel A , Casado J , Quereda C , Del Palacio M , Hermida J , Navas E , Rodriguez Sagrado M , Moreno S 
Published: November 2012

Purpose of the studyIrregular FUP/ADH were associated with higher mortality and resource use [1]. SEAD was a multidimensional intervention project, designed from the patient's perspective, to specifically attend patients with poor FUP/ADH in an HIV/AIDS outpatient clinic.MethodsFrom Jan 2006 to May 2010, patients with poor FUP/ADH were offered SEAD inclusion, all were evaluated by a nurse or a psychologist (adherence collaborators) who assessed all the reasons and barriers precluding a correct FUP/ADH. For each identified problem, different interventions were planned, using our own resources or coordinating others. Follow‐up was censored in Nov 2011. Time to death after being admitted to SEAD and the effect of SEAD program intervention were assessed with Kaplan‐Meier curves, log‐Rank test and a Cox regression model.Summary of resultsOverall, 215 patients were assessed: mean age 45 years, 24% women, IDU 75%, with baseline ADH >90% in only 23%; median HIV‐RNA and CD4 cell count were 377 copies/ml and 326 cell/mcL. Patients entered in SEAD due to poor ADH in 17%, FUP problems in 23%, and both 60%. Main reasons driving poor FUP/ADH were severe bio‐psycho‐social problems 28%, severe drug and/or alcohol abuse 26%, logistic problems 18%, other psychiatric disorders 13%, oversights 9%, unknown 4% and antiretroviral intolerance 2%. Only 54% of patients received;>50% of planned interventions, due to population complexity. Cocaine/heroin and alcohol abuse were reported by 34% and 17% respectively. Afer a median follow‐up of 3.7 [3.31–4.4] years 193 patients received a mean of 8 (2.5–12) interventions/year, achieving virological control in 64%. Probability of survival was 92%, 89% and 86% after 1, 2 and 3 years respectively. In Cox regression model an intervention of SEAD project higher than 50% of planned was an independent predictor of survival HR 0.336 (95% CI 0.156–0.725); p=0.005, after adjusting for age, alcohol or cocaine abuse, psychological attention, degree of adherence and follow‐up, intravenous acquisition of HIV, and family support. Alcohol and cocaine abuse were associated with higher mortality HR 2.964 (95% CI 1.378–6.374); p=0.005 and HR 2.444 (95% CI 1.161–5.145); p=0.019.ConclusionsBeing admitted to SEAD intervention project and receiving more than 50% of planned interventions increased survival expectancy.
Integrating TB screening tool in medical clinical records improves TB screening and detection among HIV and AIDS patients; a case TASO Uganda
Authors: Stephen O , Kinara O 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundTuberculosis remains a major public health problem in Uganda with an annual incidence of 330 cases of all forms and 136 new smear‐positive cases per 100,000 people per year. The expected case load per year is 102,000 as per WHO 2010 Global Report. The 2010 Global WHO Report ranked Uganda 16th among the 22 TB high‐burden countries. Uganda, like most of Sub‐Saharan Africa, is battling with the dual tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS epidemic. TB stands as the number one killer of HIV/AIDS patients, and the clinical presentation of TB among the dually infected persons changed and this has a bearing on the clinical management and design of public health interventions to respond to the dual epidemic. TASO integrated TB screening tool clinical records to remind clinicians to screen for active TB among under TASO care.MethodologyClinicians complete a section of the clinical record form entitled TB screening by assessing if the patient enrolled for TASO care is symptomatic for TB using a screening tool. Patients who screened positive for one or more signs/symptoms of TB were further investigated to confirm active TB by sputum analysis, chest X‐ray, lymph node aspirates and pleural tap for analysis. Cases with confirmed TB received respective treatment as they continue to attend the usual medical review on appointment.ResultsOverall percentage of patients screened for TB improved from 78% to 96% between fourth quarter, 2011 and first quarter, 2012. Of those screened the percentage of patients with at least one or more positive signs/symptoms of TB increased from 23.3% to 42.5% within the same period TASO Tororo MIS, out of those with a positive screen who took a test, the percentage of patients diagnosed with TB increased from (26/126) 15.9% to (68/192) 35% within the same period.Conclusion/recommendationIntegrating screening tool in clinical record will prompt clinicians to screen for active TB at each clinic visit, allow continuity and quality of TB care, prevent unmasking of TB through immune reconstitution syndrome in patients with lower CD4 cell count initiating ART, and monitors TB investigation results, treatment, progress and outcomes.
Long‐term safety and tolerability of nevirapine and efavirenz‐containing regimens in HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients
Authors: Mauelshagen A , Horst H , Stellbrink H , Hoffmann C 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThere is some controversy about the hepatic safety of nevirapine (NVP) and current US guidelines discourage NVP use in HCV‐coinfected patients. We evaluated the long‐term safety and tolerability of antiretroviral therapies containing NVP or efavirenz (EFV) in this difficult‐to‐treat population.MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study included all HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients who initiated a regimen including NVP or EFV between January 2000 and July 2011 in two HIV centers. A detailed analysis of the HIV/HCV status at the time of NNRTI start was performed as well as of the reason for NNRTI discontinuation.ResultsIn total, 195 cases were identified (121 on EFV, 74 on NVP). Mean age was 38 years, 77% were men and intravenous drug use (59%) was the most frequent mode of transmission. In 66%, HCV infection was viremic while 34% had an aviremic infection. The estimated median time on NNRTI was 5.2 years. During a total of 566 patient‐years, no NNRTI‐associated fatal event was observed. Treatment was discontinued due to adverse events (AEs) in 23.1% patients on EFV and 23.0% in patients on NVP. The main AE leading to discontinuation were CNS side effects in patients on EFV (20.7%) and hepatic events in patients on NVP (21.6%, grade 3 or 4 events: 9.5%). The majority of AEs in patients on NVP occurred during the first 12 months while AEs in patients on EFV were observed continuously during the observation period (Figure).Discontinuations due to hepatotoxicity were not more frequent in patients viremic for HCV compared to aviremic patients. Pre‐treatment levels of ALT, GGT or CD4 cells were also not predictive for discontinuation of ART due to an hepatic event.ConclusionsAntiretroviral regimens, including NVP or EFV, were generally safe in HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients. Severe AEs were rare. However, 23% of the patients discontinued their NNRTI regimen due to AEs. Discontinuations of NVP due to hepatotoxicity were not more frequent in patients viremic for HCV compared to aviremic patients.image
Distribution of HCV genotype and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL‐28B gene in HIV/HCV‐coinfected Thai populations
Authors: Avihingsanon A , Mek‐A‐nantawat W , Apornpong T , Akkarathamrongsin S , Ubolyam S , Chomhong P , Tangkitvanich P 
Published: November 2012

IntroductionHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major silent killer, worldwide, particularly in resource poor settings where treatment of hepatitis C is mainly impossible. Pegylated interferon‐α (PEG‐IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) are the recommended treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 2/3. Recent study revealed that treatment responses against HCV infection by PEG‐IFN and RBV are significantly associated with the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukin‐28B (IL‐28B) gene. There is limited data about the HCV genotype and SNPs of IL‐28B in HIV‐infected Thai population. Therefore, we aimed to investigate HCV genotype and the SNP patterns of the IL‐28B gene in our HIV/HCV coinfection.MethodsQuantification of HCV RNA was done by a real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay (Abbott with lower limit of detection of <12 copies/ml). HCV RNA‐positive samples based on reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) of the 5'UTR were amplified with primer specific for the core and NS5B regions. Nucleotide sequences of both regions were analyzed for the genotype by phylogenetic analysis. DNA sample was extracted from PBMCs or sera. Then SNPs within IL‐28B gene were detected by TaqMan real‐time PCR (rs8099917 and rs12979860). The data were analyzed by allelic discrimination (AD) software on the ABI‐7900HT.ResultsTotally 60 HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients were studied. Median HCV RNA were 5.8 log10 copies/mL, 70% of them had HCV RNA >100,000 copies/mL. After sequencing, the phylogenetic analyses in this study showed that genotype 3 was the most prevalent in this population (56%); following by genotype 1 (30%) and 6 (13%). Approximately 4% of them had infected for both genotypes 1 and 3. For IL‐28B at rs8099917 and rs12979860 position, 95% of them were major allele (T/T or C/C) and 5% were heterozygous (T/G or C/T).ConclusionsHCV genotype 3 is the most prevalent in our HIV/HCV coinfection. 95% of our patients have favorable IL‐28B gene. This data is useful for further chronic hepatitis C treatment in Thailand.