bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Eight-Parent Multiparent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross Population for Winter-Sown Wheat: Creation, Properties, and Validation
Authors: Mackay Ian J , Bansept-Basler Pauline , Barber Toby , Bentley Alison R , Cockram James , Gosman Nick , Greenland Andy J , Horsnell Richard , Howells Rhian , O’Sullivan Donal M , Rose Gemma A , Howell Phil J 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
MAGIC populations represent one of a new generation of crop genetic mapping resources combining high genetic recombination and diversity. We describe the creation and validation of an eight-parent MAGIC population consisting of 1091 F7 lines of winter-sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Analyses based on genotypes from a 90,000-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array find the population to be well-suited as a platform for fine-mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) and gene isolation. Patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) show the population to be highly recombined; genetic marker diversity among the founders was 74% of that captured in a larger set of 64 wheat varieties, and 54% of SNPs segregating among the 64 lines also segregated among the eight founder lines. In contrast, a commonly used reference bi-parental population had only 54% of the diversity of the 64 varieties with 27% of SNPs segregating. We demonstrate the potential of this MAGIC resource by identifying a highly diagnostic marker for the morphological character "awn presence/absence" and independently validate it in an association-mapping panel. These analyses show this large, diverse, and highly recombined MAGIC population to be a powerful resource for the genetic dissection of target traits in wheat, and it is well-placed to efficiently exploit ongoing advances in phenomics and genomics. Genetic marker and trait data, together with instructions for access to seed, are available at http://www.niab.com/MAGIC/.
Multiparental Mapping of Plant Height and Flowering Time QTL in Partially Isogenic Sorghum Families
Authors: Higgins R H , Thurber C S , Assaranurak I , Brown P J 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Sorghum varieties suitable for grain production at temperate latitudes show dwarfism and photoperiod insensitivity, both of which are controlled by a small number of loci with large effects. We studied the genetic control of plant height and flowering time in five sorghum families (A–E), each derived from a cross between a tropical line and a partially isogenic line carrying introgressions derived from a common, temperate-adapted donor. A total of 724 F2:3 lines were phenotyped in temperate and tropical environments for plant height and flowering time and scored at 9139 SNPs using genotyping-by-sequencing. Biparental mapping was compared with multiparental mapping in different subsets of families (AB, ABC, ABCD, and ABCDE) using both a GWAS approach, which fit each QTL as a single effect across all families, and using a joint linkage approach, which fit QTL effects as nested within families. GWAS using all families (ABCDE) performed best at the cloned Dw3 locus, whereas joint linkage using all families performed best at the cloned Ma1 locus. Both multiparental approaches yielded apparently synthetic associations due to genetic heterogeneity and were highly dependent on the subset of families used. Comparison of all mapping approaches suggests that a GA2-oxidase underlies Dw1, and that a mir172a gene underlies a Dw1-linked flowering time QTL.
Rapid Identification of Major-Effect Genes Using the Collaborative Cross
Authors: Ram Ramesh , Mehta Munish , Balmer Lois , Gatti Daniel M , Morahan Grant 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The Collaborative Cross (CC) was designed to facilitate rapid gene mapping and consists of hundreds of recombinant inbred lines descended from eight diverse inbred founder strains. A decade in production, it can now be applied to mapping projects. Here, we provide a proof of principle for rapid identification of major-effect genes using the CC. To do so, we chose coat color traits since the location and identity of many relevant genes are known. We ascertained in 110 CC lines six different coat phenotypes: albino, agouti, black, cinnamon, and chocolate coat colors and the white-belly trait. We developed a pipeline employing modifications of existing mapping tools suitable for analyzing the complex genetic architecture of the CC. Together with analysis of the founders’ genome sequences, mapping was successfully achieved with sufficient resolution to identify the causative genes for five traits. Anticipating the application of the CC to complex traits, we also developed strategies to detect interacting genes, testing joint effects of three loci. Our results illustrate the power of the CC and provide confidence that this resource can be applied to complex traits for detection of both qualitative and quantitative trait loci.
Kinetochore Biorientation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Requires a Tightly Folded Conformation of the Ndc80 Complex
Authors: Tien Jerry F , Umbreit Neil T , Zelter Alex , Riffle Michael , Hoopmann Michael R , Johnson Richard S , Fonslow Bryan R , Yates John R , MacCoss Michael J , Moritz Robert L , Asbury Charles L , Davis Trisha N 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Accurate transmission of genetic material relies on the coupling of chromosomes to spindle microtubules by kinetochores. These linkages are regulated by the conserved Aurora B/Ipl1 kinase to ensure that sister chromatids are properly attached to spindle microtubules. Kinetochore–microtubule attachments require the essential Ndc80 complex, which contains two globular ends linked by large coiled-coil domains. In this study, we isolated a novel ndc80 mutant in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that contains mutations in the coiled-coil domain. This ndc80 mutant accumulates erroneous kinetochore–microtubule attachments, resulting in misalignment of kinetochores on the mitotic spindle. Genetic analyses with suppressors of the ndc80 mutant and in vitro cross-linking experiments suggest that the kinetochore misalignment in vivo stems from a defect in the ability of the Ndc80 complex to stably fold at a hinge in the coiled coil. Previous studies proposed that the Ndc80 complex can exist in multiple conformations: elongated during metaphase and bent during anaphase. However, the distinct functions of individual conformations in vivo are unknown. Here, our analysis revealed a tightly folded conformation of the Ndc80 complex that is likely required early in mitosis. This conformation is mediated by a direct, intracomplex interaction and involves a greater degree of folding than the bent form of the complex at anaphase. Furthermore, our results suggest that this conformation is functionally important in vivo for efficient error correction by Aurora B/Ipl1 and, consequently, to ensure proper kinetochore alignment early in mitosis.
Evaluation of Breast Cancer Knowledge Among Health Promoters in Mexico Before and After Focused Training
Authors: Keating Nancy L. , Kouri Elena M. , Ornelas Héctor Arreola , Méndez Oscar , Valladares Laura Magaña , Knaul Felicia Marie 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Objective.
Breast cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Mexico. We assessed the effectiveness of a train-the-trainer program in two Mexican states in improving knowledge among professional and nonprofessional community health workers.

Materials and Methods.
We worked with local organizations to develop and implement a train-the-trainer program to improve breast cancer knowledge among community health workers, including professional health promoters (PHPs) who were trained and then trained nonprofessional community health promoters (CHPs). We surveyed participants before and after training that included in-person and online classes and again approximately 3 months later. We used paired t tests and chi-square tests to compare survey responses at the different times. We also used logistic regression to assess whether promoter characteristics were associated with greater improvements in breast cancer knowledge after training.

Results.
Overall, 169 PHPs (mean age, 36 years) completed training and provided a 10-hour training course to 2,651 CHPs, who also completed the pre- and post-training survey. For both PHPs and CHPs, post-training surveys demonstrated increases in an understanding of breast cancer as a problem; an understanding of screening, treatment, and insurance coverage issues; and knowledge of breast cancer risk factors, symptoms, and what constitutes a family history of breast cancer (all p &lt; .05). These improvements were maintained 3 to 6 months after training.

Conclusion.
Train-the-trainer programs hold promise for leveraging community health workers, who far outnumber other health professionals in many low- and middle-income countries, to engage in health promotion activities for cancer and other noncommunicable diseases.
Evaluation of mandibular transverse widths in patients affected by unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate using cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Celikoglu Mevlut , Buyuk Suleyman K. , Ekizer Abdullah , Sekerci Ahmet E. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the mandibular dental, alveolar, and skeletal transversal widths in patients affected by unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) cleft lip and palate and to compare the findings with a well-matched normal occlusion sample using cone beam computed tomography images.

Materials and Methods:
The study sample consisted of 75 patients divided into three groups: the UCLP (29 patients; mean age: 15.40 ± 3.22 years), BCLP (18 patients; mean age: 15.54 ± 3.72 years), and normal occlusion (28 patients; mean age: 15.82 ± 2.11 years) groups. Mandibular dental (intercanine and -molar), alveolar (intercanine and -molar), and skeletal (bigonial width) transversal measurements were performed three-dimensionally and analyzed using the one-way variance analysis and post hoc Tukey tests.

Results:
Patients affected by UCLP and BCLP had statistically significantly lower intercanine alveolar widths (P &lt; .05 and P &lt; .001, respectively) and larger intermolar (P &lt; .001 and P &lt; .05, respectively) and intermolar alveolar widths (P &lt; .001) compared with the normal occlusion group. Furthermore, the patients affected by UCLP and BCLP had similar mandibular dental, alveolar, and skeletal transversal widths (P &gt; .05).

Conclusion:
The UCLP and BCLP groups showed statistically significantly smaller values for intercanine alveolar widths and larger values for intermolar dental and alveolar widths compared with the normal occlusion group. This shows the importance of using individualized archwires according to the pretreatment arch widths of the patients affected by UCLP and/or BCLP.
Fetal Macrosomia and Neonatal Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia Associated With Transplacental Transfer of Sulfonylurea in a Mother With KCNJ11-Related Neonatal Diabetes
Authors: Myngheer Nele , Allegaert Karel , Hattersley Andrew , McDonald Tim , Kramer Holger , Ashcroft Frances M. , Verhaeghe Johan , Mathieu Chantal , Casteels Kristina 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE
Sulfonylureas (SUs) are effective at controlling glycemia in permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) caused by KCNJ11 (Kir6.2) mutations.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We report the case of a woman with PNDM who continued high doses of glibenclamide (85 mg/day) during her pregnancy. The baby was born preterm, and presented with macrosomia and severe hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia requiring high-rate intravenous glucose infusion.

RESULTS
Postnatal genetic testing excluded a KCNJ11 mutation in the baby. Glibenclamide was detected in both the baby's blood and the maternal milk.

CONCLUSIONS
We hypothesize that high doses of glibenclamide in the mother led to transplacental passage of the drug and overstimulation of fetal β-cells, which resulted in severe hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in the neonate (who did not carry the mutation) and contributed to fetal macrosomia. We suggest that glibenclamide (and other SUs) should be avoided in mothers with PNDM if the baby does not carry the mutation or if prenatal screening has not been performed, while glibenclamide may be beneficial when the fetus is a PNDM carrier.
Asperger Syndrome – introduction to the problem
Authors: Przygońska Ewa 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The image of a child with Asperger’s cannot be treated as a definitely homogeneous image and full, characteristic for all children affected by it. Individuals affected by this disorder are likely to suffer from impairments. These are: impairment of relationships, impairment of social communication, impairment of understanding social relationships, and impaired development of the imagination. The role of teachers/educators is to observe the behavior of a child - especially in the peer group, point out areas which should be improved and work with the child during the implementation of educational and therapeutic program
Career guidance in combating social exclusion and pathology among adolescents
Authors: Nawrat Dorota 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The issue of unemployment among adolescents as one of the causes of social pathology is examined. It is also emphasized that the NEET phenomenon is spreading and that it furthers social exclusion and pathologies. It is argued that school and career guidance at the earliest levels of education, especially developed among adolescents who face making decisions important for their education and career, is a way to prevent and minimalize negative effects of these phenomena. Thus it is advised to develop various forms of guidance and to raise the need among adolescents to plan their own educational and professional development
Sport beyond Moral Good and Evil
Authors: Kosiewicz Jerzy 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Sport is - and should be - an amoral phenomenon (what should not be confused with an immoral one); that is, a phenomenon which is completely independent from ethics, except of, possibly, deontological ethics which concerns professionals who have professional obligations towards their employers and other persons who are provided with and influenced by their services.
Conduct according to rules of a given sport has no moral character. It has only pragmatic character, similarly as conduct in compliance with principles of the administrative code, the civil code or the penal code. Of course, when you act in accordance with rules of sports rivalry you can additionally realize also other aims - like, for example, aesthetic, spectacular or moral ones. However, in each case rules of the game and legal norms have priority, because they are the most important regulative determinant of conduct in various societies, including variously defined human teams. The abovementioned legal and sports regulations are not moral norms. They can, however, influence moral behaviours if they are in conflict with the law or rules of the game.
From that viewpoint moral norms are exterritorial in their relation to assumptions and rules of a particular sport. Contestants and people responsible for them - like, for example, coaches or sports officials - as well as their employers are neither required to account for their moral beliefs, nor for their moral behaviours, if only they act in compliance with rules of sports rivalry.
Evaluation of the Average Wage in Agriculture Depending on the Value of Gross Agricultural Production in Different Regions in Slovakia
Authors: Vozárová Ivana Kravčáková , Šíra Elena 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The agriculture is currently not among highly attractive, highly productive and profitable sectors, but its importance for the country and economy is unquestionable. It turns out that the level of labour productivity as well as other factors reflects the different wage level. Lower average nominal wages of workers in rural areas are a factor causing overall economy lagging of rural regions. The aim of this paper is to determine the dependence of the average wage level from gross agricultural production in different regions of Slovakia and confirm respectively refute the hypothesis of wage inequalities between regions
Subarachnoid hemorrhage and the female sex: analysis of risk factors, aneurysm characteristics, and outcomes
Authors: Hamdan Alhafidz , Barnes Jonathan , Mitchell Patrick 
Published: September 2014

Object
The pathophysiology of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is unclear. Sex may play a role in the outcome of patients with aSAH.

Methods
The authors retrospectively identified 617 patients with aSAH (April 2005 to February 2010) and analyzed sex differences in risk factors (age, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, and family history), admission-related factors (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade and admission delay), aneurysm characteristics (site, side, location, and multiplicity), and outcomes (treatment modalities [coiling/clipping/both/conservative], complications [vasospasm and hydrocephalus], length of stay, and modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months).

Results
The female patients with aSAH were older than the male patients (mean age 56.6 vs 51.9 years, respectively, p < 0.001), and more women than men were ≥ 55 years old (56.2% vs 40.4%, respectively, p < 0.001). Women exhibited higher rates of bilateral (6.8% vs 2.6%, respectively, p < 0.05), multiple (11.5% vs 5.2%, respectively, p < 0.05), and internal carotid artery (ICA) (36.9% vs 17.5%, respectively, p < 0.001) aneurysms and a lower rate of anterior cerebral artery aneurysms (26.3% vs 44.8%, respectively, p < 0.001) than the men, but no side differences were noted. There were no sex differences in risk factors, admission-related factors, or outcome measures. For both sexes, outcomes varied according to aneurysm location, with odds ratios for a poor outcome of 1.62 (95% CI 0.91–2.86, p = 0.1) for middle cerebral artery, 2.41 (95% CI 1.29–4.51, p = 0.01) for ICA, and 2.41 (95% CI 1.29–4.51, p = 0.006) for posterior circulation aneurysms compared with those for anterior cerebral artery aneurysms. The odds ratio for poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 4–6) in women compared with men after adjusting for significant prognostic factors was 0.71 (95% CI 0.45–1.11, p > 0.05).

Conclusions
The overall outcomes after aSAH between women and men are similar.
Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis for cerebral proliferative angiopathy with cerebral ischemia
Authors: Kono Kenichi , Terada Tomoaki 
Published: September 2014

Cerebral proliferative angiopathy (CPA) is a rare clinical entity. This disorder is characterized by diffuse vascular abnormalities with intermingled normal brain parenchyma, and is differentiated from classic arteriovenous malformations. The management of CPA in patients presenting with nonhemorrhagic neurological deficits due to cerebral ischemia is challenging and controversial. The authors report a case of adult CPA with cerebral ischemia in which neurological deficits were improved after encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS).
A 28-year-old man presented with epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography showed a diffuse vascular network (CPA) in the right hemisphere. Antiepileptic medications were administered. Four years after the initial onset of epilepsy, the patient's left-hand grip strength gradually decreased over the course of 1 year. The MRI studies showed no infarcts, but technetium-99m–labeled ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD) SPECT studies obtained with acetazolamide challenge demonstrated hypoperfusion and severely impaired cerebrovascular reactivity over the affected hemisphere. This suggested that the patient's neurological deficits were associated with cerebral ischemia. The authors performed EDAS for cerebral ischemia, and the patient's hand grip strength gradually improved after the operation. Follow-up angiography studies obtained 7 months after the operation showed profound neovascularization through the superficial temporal artery and the middle meningeal artery. A SPECT study showed slight improvement of hypoperfusion at the focal region around the right motor area, indicating clinical improvement from the operation. The authors conclude that EDAS may be a treatment option for CPA-related hypoperfusion.
Bed topography of Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland, and Byrd Glacier, Antarctica
Authors: Gogineni S. , Yan J.-B. , Paden J. , Leuschen C. , Li J. , Rodriguez-Morales F. , Braaten D. , Purdon K. , Wang Z. , Liu W. , Gauch J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper presents the bed topography of Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland, and Byrd Glacier, Antarctica, derived from sounding these glaciers with high-sensitivity radars. To understand the processes causing the speed-up and retreat of outlet glaciers, and to enable the development of next-generation ice-sheet models, we need information on bed topography and basal conditions. To this end, we performed measurements with the progressively improved Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder/Imager (MCoRDS/I). We processed the data from each antenna-array element using synthetic aperture radar algorithms to improve radar sensitivity and reduce along-track surface clutter. We then applied array and image-processing algorithms to extract the weak bed echoes buried in off-vertical scatter (cross-track surface clutter). At Jakobshavn Isbræ, we observed 2.7 km thick ice ~30 km upstream of the calving front and ~850 m thick ice at the calving front. We also observed echoes from multiple interfaces near the bed. We applied the MUSIC algorithm to the data to derive the direction of arrival of the signals. This analysis revealed that clutter is dominated by the ice surface at Jakobshavn Isbræ. At Byrd Glacier, we found ~3.62 km thick ice, as well as a subglacial trench ~3.05 km below sea level. We used ice thickness information derived from radar data in conjunction with surface elevation data to generate bed maps for these two critical glaciers. The performance of current radars must be improved further by ~15 dB to fully sound the deepest part of Byrd Glacier. Unmanned aerial systems equipped with radars that can be flown over lines spaced as close as 5 m apart in the cross-track direction to synthesize a two-dimensional aperture would be ideal for collecting fine-resolution data over glaciers like Jakobshavn near their grounding lines.
Meiotic sex ratio variation in natural populations of Ceratodon purpureus (Ditrichaceae)
Authors: Norrell Tatum E. , Jones Kelly S. , Payton Adam C. , McDaniel Stuart F. 
Published: September 2014

• Premise of study: Sex ratio variation is a common but often unexplained phenomenon in species across the tree of life. Here we evaluate the hypothesis that meiotic sex ratio variation can contribute to the biased sex ratios found in natural populations of the moss Ceratodon purpureus.• Methods: We obtained sporophytes from several populations of C. purpureus from eastern North America. From each sporophyte, we estimated the mean spore viability by germinating replicate samples on agar plates. We estimated the meiotic sex ratio of each sporophyte by inferring the sex of a random sample of germinated spores (mean = 77) using a PCR‐RFLP test. We tested for among‐sporophyte variation in viability using an ANOVA and for deviations from 1:1 sex ratio using a χ2‐test and evaluated the relationship between these quantities using a linear regression.• Key results: We found among‐sporophyte variation in spore viability and meiotic sex ratio, suggesting that genetic variants that contribute to variation in both of these traits segregate within populations of this species. However, we found no relationship between these quantities, suggesting that factors other than sex ratio distorters contribute to variation in spore viability within populations.• Conclusions: These results demonstrate that sex ratio distortion may partially explain the population sex ratio variation seen in C. purpureus, but more generally that genetic conflict over meiotic segregation may contribute to fitness variation in this species. Overall, this study lays the groundwork for future studies on the genetic basis of meiotic sex ratio variation.