bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A note on the words in the Baltic languages for some of the most ancient European grain legume crops
Authors: Mikic Aleksandar 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The words denoting the most ancient European grain legumes, such as ‘pea’, ‘lentil’ or ‘faba bean’, in both extinct and living Baltic languages confirm that these crops were cultivated among the ancestors of the modern Lithuanians and Latvians. The words denoting ‘pea’, such as Lithuanian žirnis and Latvian zirņi, are derived from the Proto-Baltic *žir̂n-ia- and the Proto-Indo-European *g'er[a]n-, denoting grain. The Proto-Indo-European root denoting ‘lentil’, *lent-, gave the Proto-Baltic *leñšia- and the modern Lithuanian lęšis and the Latvian lēca. The linguistic evidence confirms that the Old Balts transferred both grain legume crops and their names to their Finno-Ugric neighbours.
Thermoelastic bending analysis of laminated composite plates according to various shear deformation theories
Authors: Sayyad Atteshamuddin Shamshuddin , Shinde Bharati Machhindra , Ghugal Yuwaraj Marotrao 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis study presents the thermoelastic analysis of laminated composite plates subjected to sinusoidal thermal load linearly varying across the thickness. Analytical solutions for thermal displacements and stresses are investigated by using a unified plate theory which includes different functions in terms of thickness coordinate to represent the effect of shear deformation. The theory presented is variationally consistent, does not require shear correction factor, and gives rise to transverse shear stress variation such that the transverse shear stresses vary parabolically across the thickness satisfying shear stress free surface conditions. Governing equations of equilibrium and associated boundary conditions of the theory are obtained using the principle of virtual work. The Navier solution for simply supported laminated composite plates has been developed. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the thermal response of the laminated composite plates.
Influence of surface reflectivity on reflectorless electronic distance measurement and terrestrial laser scanning
Authors: Zámečníková Miriam , Wieser Andreas , Woschitz Helmut , Ressl Camillo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe uncertainty of electronic distance measurement to surfaces rather than to dedicated precisionre flectors (reflectorless EDM) is afected by the entire system comprising instrument, atmosphere and surface. The impact of the latter is significant for applications like geodetic monitoring, high-precision surface modelling or laser scanner self-calibration. Nevertheless, it has not yet received sufficient attention and is not well understood. We have carried out an experimental investigation of the impact of surface reflectivity on the distance measurements of a terrestrial laser scanner. The investigation helps to clarify (i)whether variations of reflectivity cause systematic deviations of reflectorless EDM, and (ii) if so, whether it is possible and worth modelling these deviations. The results show that differences in reflectivity may actually cause systematic deviations of a few mm with diffusely re- flecting surfaces and even more with directionally reflecting ones. Using abivariate quadratic polynomial we were able to approximate these deviations as a function of measured distance and measured signal strength alone. Using this approximation to predict corrections, the deviations of the measurements could be reduced by about 70% in our experiment.We conclude that there is a systematic effect of surface reflectivity (or equivalently received signal strength) on the distance measurement and that it is possible to model and predict this effect. Integration into laser scanner calibration models may be beneficial for high precision applications. The results may apply to a broad range of instruments, not only to the specific laser scanner used herein.
Engineering Geodesy - Definition and Core Competencies
Authors: Kuhlmann Heiner , Schwieger Volker , Wieser Andreas , Niemeier Wolfgang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article summarises discussions concerning the definition of "engineering geodesy" within the German Geodetic Commission. It is noted that engineering geodesy by means of its tasks, methods and characteristics is an application-oriented science whose research questions often arise from observed phenomena or from unsolved practical problems. In particular it is characterised by the professional handling of geometry-related problems in a cost-effective manner that includes comprehensive quality assessment at all phases of the problem solution - from planning through measurement to data processing and interpretation. The current methodical developments are primarily characterised by the increasing integration of the measurement and analysis into challenging construction, production and monitoring processes as well as by the transition to spatially continuous methods. A modern definition of engineering geodesy is proposed at the end of this article.
Neue Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der zerstörungsfreien Ultraschallfeuchtemessung an Werkstoffen des Mauerwerks
Authors: Schwarz Wolfgang , Venzmer Helmuth 
Published: November 2014

Zusammenfassung
Die Untersuchungen zur Effizienz und zur Optimierung von Methoden der Sanierung feuchter und versalzener Wände erfordern zunächst einmal zuverlässige Meßverfahren, die zerstörungsfrei oder zumindest zerstörungsarm arbeiten. Ebenso sind die Bewertung der Qualität und spätere Analysen zur Zuverlässigkeit von Sanierungsmaßnahmen nur mit zerstörungsfrei bzw. zerstörungsarm arbeitenden Meßverfahren möglich. Die hier vorgestellten Arbeiten konzentrieren sich auf die Anwendung moderner Methoden der Meßwertverarbeitung zur Feuchtebestimmung im Mauerwerk. Mit Hilfe eines Ultraschallgenerators wird im Baustoff eine mechanische Stoßwelle ausgelöst, die bei Durchlaufen des Baustoffs Veränderungen erfährt. Das Ergebnissignal wird einer eingehenden Signalanalyse unterzogen. Zur Erklärung der Vorgänge wird ein mechanisches Schwingkreismodell genutzt. Die Signalanalyse und daraus abgeleitete Meßgrößen zeigen sich u.U. als ein geeignetes Mittel für die Bestimmung von Feuchte im Mauerwerk. Die Ergebnisse werden am Beispiel von Ziegel und Sandstein in Abhängigkeit vom Porenfüllungsgrad (PFG in %) demonstriert und diskutiert. Welche der Kenngrößen endgültig einmal eingesetzt werden, müssen weitere Untersuchungen zeigen.
Beständigkeit zementgebundener Beschichtungen unter dem Einfluss elektrischer Felder
Authors: Gerdes A. , Wittmann F.H. 
Published: November 2014

Zusammenfassung
Betonbauteile können über längere Zeiträume elektrischen Feldern ausgesetzt sein. In einigen Fällen fungiert dabei die Bewehrung als Elektrode. Sind die Bauteile mit Wasser gesättigt, so kann unter dem Einfluss elektrischer Felder eine Ionenmigration mit anschliessenden chemischen Reaktionen stattfinden. Dieser Mechanismus kann örtlich die Konzentration der mit den Hydratationsprodukten in porösen Werkstoffen im Gleichgewicht stehenden Ionen verändern und so zum Abbau der Hydratationsprodukte führen. Zunächst werden typische Schadensbilder beschrieben. Auf frühere Arbeiten wird hingewiesen. An beschädigten und unbeschädigten Bauteilen in Trinkwasserbehältern wurden vergleichend Messungen durchgeführt. Schliesslich wurde der Abbau zementgebundener Werkstoffe unter dem Einfluss eines elektrischen Feldes im Labor durch einen entsprechenden Versuch simuliert. Die Ergebnisse werden in einem Modell, das diesen spezifischen Schadensmechanismus beschreibt, zusammengefasst.
TDP‐1, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of TDP‐43, limits the accumulation of double‐stranded RNA
Authors: Saldi Tassa K , Ash Peter EA , Wilson Gavin , Gonzales Patrick , Garrido‐Lecca Alfonso , Roberts Christine M , Dostal Vishantie , Gendron Tania F , Stein Lincoln D , Blumenthal Thomas , Petrucelli Leonard , Link Christopher D 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans mutants deleted for TDP‐1, an ortholog of the neurodegeneration‐associated RNA‐binding protein TDP‐43, display only mild phenotypes. Nevertheless, transcriptome sequencing revealed that many RNAs were altered in accumulation and/or processing in the mutant. Analysis of these transcriptional abnormalities demonstrates that a primary function of TDP‐1 is to limit formation or stability of double‐stranded RNA. Specifically, we found that deletion of tdp‐1: (1) preferentially alters the accumulation of RNAs with inherent double‐stranded structure (dsRNA); (2) increases the accumulation of nuclear dsRNA foci; (3) enhances the frequency of adenosine‐to‐inosine RNA editing; and (4) dramatically increases the amount of transcripts immunoprecipitable with a dsRNA‐specific antibody, including intronic sequences, RNAs with antisense overlap to another transcript, and transposons. We also show that TDP‐43 knockdown in human cells results in accumulation of dsRNA, indicating that suppression of dsRNA is a conserved function of TDP‐43 in mammals. Altered accumulation of structured RNA may account for some of the previously described molecular phenotypes (e.g., altered splicing) resulting from reduction of TDP‐43 function.
Central Venous Catheter-Induced Pericardial Effusion in a Neonate: A Case Study and Recommendations for Practice
Authors: Shannon Dorothy 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTPericardial effusion (PCE) and tamponade as a complication of central venous catheters (CVCs) continues to occur in the neonatal population. It is imperative that clinicians managing neonates with CVCs practice vigilance regarding proper catheter tip location. Furthermore, it is of equal importance that clinicians have a high index of suspicion regarding the catheter tip location any time a neonate with a CVC has a clinical deterioration. It is clear that the ultimate outcome of PCE depends on rapid identification and a quick response when pericardial tamponade occurs. PCE can occur any time during the duration of the catheter dwell time, and education of staff caring for neonates will assist in prevention and rapid treatment.
Evaluating a Large-Scale Community-Based Intervention to Improve Pregnancy and Newborn Health Among the Rural Poor in India
Authors: Acharya Arnab , Lalwani Tanya , Dutta Rahul , Rajaratnam Julie Knoll , Ruducha Jenny , Varkey Leila Caleb , Wunnava Sita , Menezes Lysander , Taylor Catharine , Bernson Jeff 
Published: November 2014

Objectives. We evaluated the effectiveness of the Sure Start project, which was implemented in 7 districts of Uttar Pradesh, India, to improve maternal and newborn health. Methods. Interventions were implemented at 2 randomly assigned levels of intensity. Forty percent of the areas received a more intense intervention, including community-level meetings with expectant mothers. A baseline survey consisted of 12 000 women who completed pregnancy in 2007; a follow-up survey was conducted for women in 2010 in the same villages. Our quantitative analyses provide an account of the project’s impact. Results. We observed significant health improvements in both intervention areas over time; in the more intensive intervention areas, we found greater improvements in care-seeking and healthy behaviors. The more intensive intervention areas did not experience a significantly greater decline in neonatal mortality. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that community-based efforts, especially mothers’ group meetings designed to increase care-seeking and healthy behaviors, are effective and can be implemented at large scale.
Unprotected Anal Intercourse With Casual Male Partners in Urban Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Pantalone David W. , Tomassilli Julia C. , Starks Tyrel J. , Golub Sarit A. , Parsons Jeffrey T. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives. We investigated trends in, and predictors of, unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with casual male partners of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Methods. We analyzed data from cross-sectional intercept surveys conducted annually (2003–2008) at 2 large lesbian, gay, and bisexual community events in New York City. Survey data covered GBMSM’s highest-risk behaviors for HIV acquisition (HIV-negative or unknown status GBMSM, any UAI) and transmission (HIV-positive GBMSM, any serodiscordant unprotected UAI). Results. Across years, 32.3% to 51.5% of the HIV-negative or unknown status men endorsed any UAI, and 36.9% to 52.9% of the HIV-positive men endorsed serodiscordant UAI. We observed a few statistically significant fluctuations in engagement in high-risk behavior. However, these do not appear to constitute meaningful trends. Similarly, in some years, one or another demographic predictor of UAI was significant. Across years, however, no reliable pattern emerged. Conclusions. A significant proportion of urban GBMSM engage in high-risk sex, regardless of serostatus. No consistent demographic predictors emerged, implying a need for broad-based interventions that target all GBMSM.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Young Adult Gay and Bisexual Men in the United States
Authors: Reiter Paul L. , McRee Annie-Laurie , Katz Mira L. , Paskett Electra D. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives. We examined human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among gay and bisexual men, a population with high rates of HPV infection and HPV-related disease. Methods. A national sample of gay and bisexual men aged 18 to 26 years (n = 428) completed online surveys in fall 2013. We identified correlates of HPV vaccination using multivariate logistic regression. Results. Overall, 13% of participants had received any doses of the HPV vaccine. About 83% who had received a health care provider recommendation for vaccination were vaccinated, compared with only 5% without a recommendation (P < .001). Vaccination was lower among participants who perceived greater barriers to getting vaccinated (odds ratio [OR] = 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.27, 0.78). Vaccination was higher among participants with higher levels of worry about getting HPV-related disease (OR = 1.54; 95% CI =  1.05, 2.27) or perceived positive social norms of HPV vaccination (OR = 1.57; 95% CI =  1.02, 2.43). Conclusions. HPV vaccine coverage is low among gay and bisexual men in the United States. Future efforts should focus on increasing provider recommendation for vaccination and should target other modifiable factors.
Financial Incentives for Abstinence Among Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Individuals in Smoking Cessation Treatment
Authors: Kendzor Darla E. , Businelle Michael S. , Poonawalla Insiya B. , Cuate Erica L. , Kesh Anshula , Rios Debra M. , Ma Ping , Balis David S. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives. We evaluated the effectiveness of offering adjunctive financial incentives for abstinence (contingency management [CM]) within a safety net hospital smoking cessation program. Methods. We randomized participants (n = 146) from a Dallas County, Texas, Tobacco Cessation Clinic from 2011 to 2013 to usual care (UC; cessation program; n = 71) or CM (UC + 4 weeks of financial incentives; n = 75), and followed from 1 week before the quit date through 4 weeks after the quit date. A subset (n = 128) was asked to attend a visit 12 weeks after the scheduled quit date. Results. Participants were primarily Black (62.3%) or White (28.1%) and female (57.5%). Most participants were uninsured (52.1%) and had an annual household income of less than $12 000 (55.5%). Abstinence rates were significantly higher for those assigned to CM than UC at all visits following the quit date (all Ps < .05). Point prevalence abstinence rates in the CM and UC groups were 49.3% versus 25.4% at 4 weeks after the quit date and 32.8% versus 14.1% at 12 weeks after the quit date. CM participants earned an average of $63.40 ($150 possible) for abstinence during the first 4 weeks after the scheduled quit date. Conclusions. Offering small financial incentives for abstinence might be an effective means to improve abstinence rates among socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals participating in smoking cessation treatment.
Social Competence and Obesity in Elementary School
Authors: Jackson Sandra L. , Cunningham Solveig A. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives. We examined the relationship between children’s weight and social competence. Methods. We used data from the third- and fifth-grade waves of the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999 (n = 8346) to examine changes in children’s weight and social competence. Results. Obesity in third grade was not associated with subsequent changes in social competence between third and fifth grade, but social competence in third grade was associated with subsequent development of obesity. Among normal-weight children, having higher social competence in third grade was associated with lower odds of becoming overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 0.80 ±0.09; P < .05) or obese (OR = 0.20 ±0.08; P < .001). In addition, obese children with higher social competence were more likely to lose weight between third and fifth grade (OR = 1.43 ±0.25; P < .05). Conclusions. Obesity and impaired social competence often occur together and have serious implications for children's well-being. More knowledge about how weight and social competence affect one another could inform interventions to promote children’s social development and reduce obesity.
Implementing an HIV Rapid Testing–Linkage-to-Care Project Among Homeless Individuals in Los Angeles County: A Collaborative Effort Between Federal, County, and City Government
Authors: Anaya Henry D. , Butler Jaimi N. , Knapp Herschel , Chan Kee , Conners Erin E. , Rumanes Sophia F. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives. We developed and implemented an HIV rapid testing–linkage-to-care initiative between federal and local government. Methods. We used mixed methodology; HIV testing data were collected on-site, and qualitative data were collected via telephone. We used postintervention stakeholder and staff interviews to evaluate barriers and facilitators to this initiative. Results. We tested 817 individuals. We identified and confirmed 7 preliminary HIV positive individuals (0.86% seropositivity), 5 of whom were linked to care. Mean testing cost was $48.95 per client; cost per positive result was $5714. Conclusions. This initiative can be used as a template for other health departments and research teams focusing on homelessness and mitigation of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Coupled Ethical–Epistemic Analysis of Public Health Research and Practice: Categorizing Variables to Improve Population Health and Equity
Authors: Katikireddi S. Vittal , Valles Sean A 
Published: November 2014

The categorization of variables can stigmatize populations, which is ethically problematic and threatens the central purpose of public health: to improve population health and reduce health inequities. How social variables (e.g., behavioral risks for HIV) are categorized can reinforce stigma and cause unintended harms to the populations practitioners and researchers strive to serve. Although debates about the validity or ethical consequences of epidemiological variables are familiar for specific variables (e.g., ethnicity), these issues apply more widely. We argue that these tensions and debates regarding epidemiological variables should be analyzed simultaneously as ethical and epistemic challenges. We describe a framework derived from the philosophy of science that may be usefully applied to public health, and we illustrate its application.
Patients with Osteoarthritis in all Three Knee Compartments and Patients with Medial Knee Osteoarthritis Have a Phenotype with High Bone Mass and High Fat Mass but Proportionally Low Lean Mass
Authors: Karlsson Magnus K , Magnusson Håkan , Schewelov Thord von , Cöster Maria , Karlsson Caroline , Rosengren Björn. E 
Published: November 2014

Background and Purpose:
Cross-sectional studies have shown that patients with primary hip osteoarthritis (OA) have higher bone mineral density (BMD), higher BMI, lower lean body mass, and higher fat content. But it is unknown if this phenotype is found also in patients with knee OA and if it precedes OA or manifests as a result of the disease.

Patients and Methods:
We included 21 women and 18 men (mean age, 71 years; range, 48-85 years) with primary OA in all three knee compartments, 17 women and 56 men (mean age, 55 years; range, 34-74 years) with primary medial knee OA and 122 women and 121 men without OA as controls. We measured total body BMD (g/cm2), fat and lean mass (%) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and also registered height and weight to calculate BMI (kg/m2). Z-scores were calculated for each individual. Data are presented as means with 95% confidence intervals within brackets.

Results:

Individuals with primary OA in all three knee compartments had the following Z-scores: total body BMD 0.4 (0.0, 0.9); BMI 1.2 (0.7, 1.6); proportion of lean mass -0.6 (-1.1, -0.1); proportion of fat mass 0.4 (0.0, 1.8). Individuals with medial knee OA had the following Z-scores: total body BMD 0.4 (0.3, 0.6); BMI 1.1 (0.8, 1.4); proportion of lean mass -0.8 (-1.3, -0.9); proportion of fat mass 0.9 (0.7, 1.1).

Interpretations:
A phenotype with higher BMD, higher BMI, higher fat mass, and proportionally lower lean body mass is evident in individuals with primary OA in all three knee compartments and in patients with only medial knee OA.
Contribution of cone beam computed tomography to the detection of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment in root-filled and vital teeth
Authors: Castro Iury , Valladares-Neto José , Estrela Carlos 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To investigate whether root-filled teeth are similar to vital pulp teeth in terms of apical root resorption (ARR) after orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods:
An original sample of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 1256 roots from 30 orthodontic patients were analyzed. The inclusion criteria demanded root-filled teeth and their contralateral vital teeth, while teeth with history of trauma had to be excluded to comply with exclusion criteria. CBCT images of root-filled teeth were compared before and after orthodontic treatment in a split-mouth design study. Tooth measurements were made with multiplanar reconstruction using axial-guided navigation. The statistical difference between the treatment effects was compared using the paired t-test.

Results:
Twenty posterior root-filled teeth and their contralaterals with vital pulp were selected before orthodontic treatment from six adolescents (two boys and four girls; mean [SD] age 12.8 [1.8] years). No differences were detected between filled and vital root lengths before treatment (P  =  .4364). The mean differences in root length between preorthodontic and postorthodontic treatment in filled- and vital roots were −0.30 mm and −0.16 mm, respectively, without any statistical difference (P  =  .4197) between them.

Conclusion:
There appears to be no increase in ARR after orthodontic treatment in root-filled teeth with no earlier ARR.