bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Observer Based Methodology for Estimating Concentration-Dependent Diffusion Coefficients in Drying Considering Shrinkage
Authors: Martínez-Vera Carlos , Schaum Alexander , Calderón Jesús Alvarez , Vizcarra-Mendoza Mario G. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
In this work, we present a method for estimating the diffusion coefficient in isothermal drying processes in those cases in which the associated shrinkage cannot be neglected. We assume that the drying process is described by the diffusion equation and depart of a numerical solution of reduced order to the corresponding problem. The method chosen for identifying the parameter in question is based in a high gain filter. As an example for showing the proposed method we take a solid presented by Aguerre et al. (Latin American Applied Research 2008;38:345–9). First, we solve the direct problem for generating an average moisture content profile and the corresponding radius profile. Taking the radius evolution as known data and the average moisture evolution as the innovation term in the filter, we solve the inverse problem and as a result a moisture-dependent diffusion coefficient is obtained, which is refined in a posterior and final optimization step.
Production and Characterization of Sugary Cassava Syrup
Authors: Souza Hugo A. L. , Souza Thaís C. L. , Lopes Alessandra S. , Pena Rosinelson S. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A group of cassava landraces that occur naturally in Amazonia (Manihot esculenta Crantz) are known as mandiocaba or sugary cassava because they have high free sugar content, making them a possible feedstock for the production of syrup. The objective of the study was to evaluate the technological viability of obtaining sugary cassava syrup and to characterize the physical and physicochemical properties of the product. The yield of the syrup (80 °Brix) obtained from the manipueira (liquid obtained by crushing and filtering the cassava) concentration was 262.72 g per plant. The reducing sugars represented 77.26% of total sugars, the density was 1.4210 g cm–3 at 20°C, and the volumetric expansion coefficient was 38.6 m K–1. The Newtonian behavior and activation energy (≥69.65 kJ gmol–1) were similar to that of honey found in the literature.
ACE-Inhibitory Peptide Isolated from Fermented Soybean Meal as Functional Food
Authors: Wang Haikuan , Zhang Shanting , Sun Yan , Dai Yujie 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Biologically active peptides as components in functional foods exhibit diverse activities and exert health effects in humans, just as the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptide exerts an antihypertensive effect. The solid-state fermentation of soybean meal was conducted using Bacillus subtilis natto at an appropriate temperature to accelerate proteolytic hydrolysis, and the crude extract containing ACE-inhibitory peptides was sequentially purified by ultrafiltration, gel chromatography and reverse phase-HPLC. A novel ACE-inhibitory peptide was obtained and its ACE-inhibitory activity was 84.1% with an IC50 value of 0.022 mg/ml. The results suggest that these ACE-inhibitory peptides obtained from the solid-state fermentation of soybean meal using B. subtilis natto have good potential for application in the management of hypertension and the fermented soybean meal has good potential for application in the production of a novel physiologically functional food.
Prosodic accommodation in language contact: Spanish intonation in Majorca
Authors: Romera Magdalena , Elordieta Gorka 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this article we study a language contact situation in Majorca, Spain, in which adult monolingual speakers of Spanish who arrived recently in Majorca acquire aspects of Majorcan Catalan prosody. Although the possibility that the adoption of features can take place directly from Catalan is not rejected, we provide evidence that it can be an indirect process, through a process of accommodation (Trudgill 1986; Giles and Coupland 1991) to the L2 variety of Spanish spoken by L1 Majorcan Catalan speakers. An experiment was set up in which we recorded four native Spanish speakers who arrived recently in Majorca holding a semi-directed conversation in Spanish with a native speaker of Majorcan Catalan. The results showed consistent adoption of prosodic features of L2 Majorcan Spanish in interrogative sentences (not in declaratives). The results support the idea that the adoption of prosodic features of Majorcan Catalan by monolingual Spanish speakers can take place in early stages of contact. Our article also shows that subjective factors such as determination towards integration play a fundamental role in determining the degree of accommodation. Finally, salience of prosodic features is claimed to play a role in the selection of transferred features.
Positive impact of Tai Chi Chuan participation on biopsychosocial quality of life compared to exercise and sedentary controls: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Baxter Alex , J. P. Francis Andrew 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is a traditional Chinese medicine practice and martial art with biopsychosocial aspects. This study aimed to examine the impact of participation in TCC on multiple domains of Quality of Life (QoL) and to assess the involvement of the psychological factors of self-efficacy, Locus of Control (LoC) and Hope in these effects. A total of 68 participants from the general community (13 males and 55 females) aged between 18 and 68 (M=43.55 years) and not currently suffering from a mental or physical illness took part in the study. It was found that TCC participants, as a group, scored significantly better than those in sedentary (book club) and active (gym exercise) control conditions on Psychological and Physical QoL, and that the Physical QoL benefits of TCC continue to accrue with years of practice. The three psychological factors were shown to variously mediate (self-efficacy) and moderate (internal LoC and Hope) this latter relationship. Whilst the results bear limitations (in particular small sample sizes), it is hoped that these findings will encourage further research into TCC, and consideration of TCC as part of the range of treatment options available in community-based mental and physical health management.
The z-classes of quaternionic hyperbolic isometries
Authors: Gongopadhyay Krishnendu 
Published: May 2013

Abstract.
Let be the n-dimensional quaternionic hyperbolic space. The group acts as the isometry group of . We analyze when two isometries of commute. We apply this analysis to determine the conjugacy classes of centralizers or the z-classes in . Furthermore, we count the conjugacy classes of centralizers.

In Appendix A, we show that our methods can be used to obtain the centralizers up to conjugacy in real and complex hyperbolic geometries as well. This provides a unified approach to the determination of the conjugacy classes of centralizers in hyperbolic geometries.
Fully inert subgroups of divisible Abelian groups
Authors: Dikranjan Dikran , Giordano Bruno Anna , Salce Luigi , Virili Simone 
Published: May 2013

Abstract.
A subgroup H of an Abelian group G is said to be fully inert if the quotient is finite for every endomorphism ϕ of G.
Clearly, this is a common generalization of the notions of fully invariant, finite and finite-index subgroups. We investigate the fully inert subgroups of divisible Abelian groups, and in particular, those Abelian groups that are fully inert in their divisible hull, called inert groups. We prove that the inert torsion-free groups coincide with the completely decomposable homogeneous groups of finite rank and we give a complete description of the inert groups in the general case. This yields a characterization of the fully inert subgroups of divisible Abelian groups.
On the rank of quotients of hyperbolic groups
Authors: Weidmann Richard 
Published: May 2013

Abstract.We show that the rank does not decrease if one passes from a torsion-free locally quasi-convex hyperbolic group to the quotient by the normal closure of certain high powered elements. An argument provided by Ilya Kapovich further shows that the quasiconvexity assumption cannot be dropped without adding other assumptions.
Quadratic unipotent blocks in general linear, unitary and
symplectic groups
Authors: Srinivasan Bhama 
Published: May 2013

Abstract.
An irreducible ordinary character of a finite reductive group is called
quadratic unipotent if it corresponds under Jordan decomposition
to a semisimple element s in a dual group such that .
We prove that there is a bijection between, on the one hand, the
set of quadratic unipotent characters of or
for all and, on the other hand, the
set of quadratic unipotent characters of for all .
We then extend this correspondence to ℓ-blocks for certain ℓ
not dividing q.
An adjoint method for proving identifiability of coefficients in
parabolic equations
Authors: DuChateau Paul 
Published: May 2013

Abstract.
This article presents a uniform approach for dealing with the question of
uniqueness in the identification of unknown coefficients in parabolic
partial differential equations in n dimensions. It is shown that the
unknown coefficients in a parabolic inverse problem are uniquely determined
by the given observation(s) if an associated adjoint problem is
approximately controllable. Additionally, the method provides an explicit
expression for the gradient of an associated output least squares error
functional and may provide a means for solving the inverse problem directly.
The flexibility of the method is illustrated in examples of identifications
involving one or more coefficients in appearing in a single equation or
system and based on various boundary and interior observations.
A rare association between Rathke’s cyst and hypophysitis in a patient with delayed sex development and growth failure
Authors: Takahashi Daisuke , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Kubota Kanako , Suzuki Yasuto , Nakamura Akie , Ishizu Katsura , Nakanishi Masanori , Nagashima Tetsuro , Tajima Toshihiro 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We report an 18-year-old Japanese male with a lack of secondary sex characterization and growth failure caused by a rare association between Rathke’s cyst and hypophysitis. He was referred to us because of delayed secondary sex characterization. Endocrinological examination showed panhypopituitarism, and the replacement of hydrocortisone, levothyroxine, and desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) was initiated. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a suprasellar region and a swollen pituitary stalk. The mass was partially resected using the transsphenoidal approach. The pathological diagnosis was hypophysitis and Rathke’s cyst. Follow-up MRI performed 1 year after surgery showed that the size of sellar region had not changed. After surgery, in addition to pre-operative hormonal replacement, growth hormone and testosterone were initiated. Two years later, the size of sellar region remains unchanged.
In conclusion, while an association between Rathke’s cyst and hypophysitis is rare, we suggest that this condition should be included in differential diagnosis of the sellar region, even in adolescents.
Nanotechnologies in tissue engineering
Authors: Bigdeli Amir K. , Lyer Stefan , Detsch Rainer , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Beier Justus P. , Kneser Ulrich , Horch Raymund E. , Arkudas Andreas 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAs an interdisciplinary field, tissue engineering (TE) aims to regenerate tissues by combining the principles of cell biology, material science, and biomedical engineering. Nanotechnology creates new materials that might enable further tissue-engineering applications. In this context, the introduction of nanotechnology and nanomaterials promises a biomimetic approach by mimicking nature. This review summarizes the current scope of nanotechnology implementation possibilities in the field of tissue engineering of bone, muscle, and vascular grafts with forms on nanofibrous structures.
Correlation or Causation?
Authors: Crocker James 
Published: May 2013

Summary
This paper argues that The Consolation of Philosophy by Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius and Either/Or by Søren Kierkegaard bear certain striking similarities in their content, form, arguments, and in the way key ideas are expressed. It proposes that the explanation for this similarity could be causal dependency: The Consolation impacted Kierkegaard, consciously or unconsciously, in the development of Either/Or. Regardless of whether this is correct or not, it further proposes that the correlation between these two works is close enough that an intertextual reading is valuable for the comprehension of both The Consoluation and Either/Or. This paper seeks to prove this by executing such a reading.
Thermal degradation kinetics and mechanism of epoxidized natural rubber
Authors: He Canzhong , Wang Yueqiang , Luo Yongyue , Kong Lingxue , Peng Zheng 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Thermal resistance is one of the most dominative properties for polymer materials. Thermal degradation mechanisms of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and NR are studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results show that, the introduction of epoxy groups into the NR molecular main chain leads to a remarkable change in the degradation mechanism. The thermal stability of ENR is worse than that of NR. For the first thermooxidative degradation stage, the thermal decomposition mechanism of ENR is similar to that of NR, which corresponds to a mechanism involving one-dimensional diffusion. For the second stage, the thermal decomposition mechanism of ENR is a three-dimensional diffusion, which is more complex than that of NR. Kinetic analysis showed that activation energy (Eα), activation entropy (ΔH) and activation Gibbs energy (ΔG) values are all positive, indicating that the thermooxidative degradation process of ENR is non-spontaneous.
Thymidylate synthase inhibitors for thoracic tumors
Authors: Peters Godefridus J. , Galvani Elena , Jansen Gerrit , Assaraf Yehuda , Giovannetti Elisa 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a valid target for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and mesothelioma (MPM). The TS inhibitor pemetrexed (PMX) is now commonly used in combination with cisplatin (CDDP) or carboplatin, in the first-line setting for both of these lethal diseases. A combination of another TS inhibitor, Tomudex with CDDP, demonstrated similar activity in MPM patients. However, the efficacy of TS inhibitors is limited by uptake, metabolism and target affinity. While uptake of most antifolates is mediated by the reduced folate carrier, PMX is also a good substrate for the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT), which displays optimal activity at the acidic pH of the tumor microenvironment. NSCLC and MPM have a variable expression of PCFT, which might be caused by the differential methylation status of the PCFT promoter, resulting in decreased anticancer activity. PMX and TDX activity also depends on polyglutamylation, catalyzed by folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS), which results in intracellular retention and thus enhanced cytotoxicity. We demonstrated that resistance to the classical antifolate methotrexate in human leukemia cells with a marked loss of FPGS activity was associated with impaired splicing of FPGS pre-mRNA. Moreover, we recently showed that the sensitivity of MPM patients to PMX-carboplatin is related to tumor TS expression. Patients with low TS mRNA levels had a significantly longer overall survival (20 vs. 7 months) compared with patients with high expression. Intriguingly, recent trials demonstrated that histology plays an important role in the sensitivity of NSCLC patients, and PMX-CDDP is now approved only for adenocarcinoma patients. These results might be partly explained by the higher TS expression detected in lung tumors of squamous histology. In summary, the clinical success of TS inhibitors may depend on biomarker-driven patient selection, and further studies should evaluate the genetic/epigenetic factors involved in the modulation of these biomarkers in the preclinical and clinical setting.
Prediction and optimization of stability parameters for titanium dioxide nanofluid using response surface methodology and artificial neural networks
Authors: Sadollah Ali , Ghadimi Azadeh , Metselaar Ibrahim H. , Bahreininejad Ardeshir 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The effect of various process parameters on the stability of TiO2 nanofluid, which can mostly be defined as zeta potential and particle size, was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) by the design of experiments and was predicted through a trained artificial neural network (ANN). The process parameters studied were weight percentage of surfactant (sodium lauryl sulfate) (0.01–0.2 wt%) and the value of pH (10–12). Central composite design and the RSM were employed to develop a mathematical model as well as to define the optimum condition. A three-layered feed-forward ANN model was designed and used for the prediction of the stability parameters. From the analysis of variance, the significant factors that affected the experimental design responses were also identified. The predicted stability parameters using the RSM and ANNs were compared using figures and tables. It is shown that the trained ANN outperformed the RSM in terms of accuracy and prediction of obtained results.
Worttrennung am Zeilenende
Authors: Neef Martin 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Word division at ends of lines is a part of the official orthography of German. In the present text, it is identified as being codified in three different ways: First by a general rule that makes recourse to spoken syllables, second by a set of more specific rules that deal with several different patterns, some of them failing to follow the syllable rule, and third by explicit markings in each individual entry in dictionaries like Duden (2006). Some of these data are inconsistent with the aforesaid rule systems. Based on a theory that is formulated independently of the subject of this article, namely the recoding model of graphematics (Neef 2005a), the different sets of data of word division are reconstructed in a theoretical model. As a result it is argued that word division is guided by properties of letters in the first place, while in a secondary fashion the system is disturbed by a syllabic conception. A pure syllablebased explanation that is advocated for in several other theoretical analyses, however, fails to cover central aspects of the data
Skripte. Konturen einer Konzeption
Authors: Ludwig Otto 
Published: May 2013

Abstract The essay discusses a conceptual differentiation. It deals with the distinction of texts and scripts. Script is the generic term for manuscripts, typoscripts and compuscripts. What we have in our hands, if we take a book out of the shelf, is a copy of a script. What we are interested in and what we are trying to comprehend is the text represented in the script.
Initially the distinction is exemplified. Thereafter the conception of the script is differentiated with regard to functions, graphic means and constituents (like letters, lines, non line-bounded representations, pages and the scripts as a whole). Next the effects upon each other, the influence of the script upon the composition as well as the impact of the texts on the organisation of scripts, are discussed. The essay concludes with a theoretical assignment.
Preparation of potassium nitrate from potassium chloride and magnesium nitrate in a laboratory scale using industrial raw materials
Authors: Jurišová Jana , Fellner Pavel , Danielik Vladimír , Lencsés Marek , Králik Milan , Šípoš Rastislav 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Preparation of potassium nitrate from magnesium nitrate and potassium chloride was investigated. Prepared potassium nitrate contains less than 0.5 % chlorides and it can be applied as environmentally friendly fertilizer in hydroponic systems. After filtration out potassium nitrate crystals from the reciprocal system K+, Mg2+//Cl-, NO3- - H2O, the mother liquor still contains reasonable amount of potassium cations. By evaporation of the mother liquor, carnallite (MgCl2・KCl・6H2O) with admixture of MgCl2・6H2O crystallizes out. Decomposition of carnallite with cold water makes it possible to separate potassium chloride from this compound. When this KCl is returned back to the process of KNO3 making, utilization of potassium as high as 97 % can be achieved.
Protective membranes at electrochemical biosensors
Authors: Ambrózy Anton , Hlavatá Lenka , Labuda Ján 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The primary role of the biosensor is to specifically detect an analyte using biochemical reaction or interaction mediated by isolated biomolecules, organelles, whole cells or biomimetic receptors. In terms of construction and function, the biosensor consists of biorecognition element and transducer connected to suitable measurement device. Electrochemical biosensor is an electrode or microelectrode with the surface chemically modified by the biorecognition element. The main problem of analysis with the biosensors is the presence of low and high molecular weight substances in the sample that interfere at the detection of analyte. Due to deposition of surface active compounds the biosensor response may be diminished depending on time of interaction with sample. These effects can be eliminated by using anti-interference membranes. This review deals with preparation and utilization of membranes for the biocomponent immobilization and with outer-sphere protective membranes.
Secondary metabolite production of Epicoccum sp. isolated from lignite
Authors: Kaliňák Michal , Barátová Viera , Gallová Emília , Ondrušová Zuzana , Hudecová Daniela 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We have extracted secondary metabolites from fossil fungus Epicoccum sp. isolated from lignite and characterized changes in production on various growth media. Chromatographic separation yielded more than 7 fractions that were characterized spectroscopically. One secondary metabolite showed antimicrobial activity. Peaks in the NMR spectra of isolated fractions differ from compounds described in literature that were isolated from recent strains of Epicoccum. The remaining water phase after the extraction was shown to have protein staining properties and could be also used for fluorescent viability stain of yeast cells.
Therapeutic potential of curcumin in medicinal chemistry
Authors: Košťálová Daniela , Bezáková Lýdia , Račkovác Lucia , Mošovská Silvia , Šturdík Ernest 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Extensive research over the past half century has shown that curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a polyphenolic compound of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), can modulate multiple cell signaling pathways. Extensive clinical trials have addressed the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of this nutraceutical against numerous diseases in human. Curcumin, known for thousand years as a subject of Ayurvedic medicine, has undergone in recent times remarkable transformation into a drug candidate with prospective multipotent therapeutic application. Characterized by high chemical reactivity, resulting from an extended conjugated double bond system prone to nucleophilic attack, curcumin has been shown to interact with a plethora of molecular targets, in numerous experimental observations. In clinical trials, has been used either alone or in combination with other agent. However, its clinical advance has been limited by its short biological half-life, fast metabolism and poor systemic bioavailability after oral administration. To mitigate the above limitations, recently various formulation of curcumin, including nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, phytosomes delivery system has been examined. The present review has been devoted towards better understanding of the phytonutraceutic properties of curcumin and turmeric based on their disease specific indications and enhancing their prophylactic and therapeutic nutraceutical qualities. The article deals with the biological activity, mode of action, toxicity and forthcoming application of these leads.