bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renewing Fundamental Understanding of Ionic Transport in Inorganic Crystalline Solid‐State Electrolytes from the Perspective of Lattice Dynamics
Authors: Song Tao , Lin Yuxiao , Wang Da , Chen Qianli , Ling Chen , Shi Siqi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLattice dynamics has been widely employed to study various properties of crystalline materials, by revealing the atomic vibration rules with phonon dispersion curves. Modulating lattice‐dynamics‐related factors is an emerging trend in the design of inorganic crystalline solid‐state electrolytes (ICSSEs) with promoted ionic conductivity. Nevertheless, due to complicated interplay of these enormous factors, fundamental understanding of lattice‐dynamics‐influenced ionic transport is still limited. In this review, all related factors are classified into lattice static and dynamic ones based on their variability in ionic transport process, facilitating a methodological evaluation of their individual and interrelated influences. The previous efforts are affirmed to design ICSSEs by constructing potential energy surfaces for ionic transport based on lattice static factors (e.g., ionic arrangement, time‐scale dependent ionic concentration, and lattice softening). As for lattice dynamic factors, the possibility to quantify ionic transport activation energy and to screen the type of migration ions by phonon frequency and amplitude, respectively is validated. Specifically, it is highlighted that the optimization of specific phonon mode and the coupling of both lattice static and dynamic factors are essential to achieve superior ionic transport in ICSSEs. Finally, challenges and opportunities are pointed out in this field, which can potentially guide the future development of ICSSEs.
Prevalence and factors associated with low functional mobility in older adults
Authors: de Oliveira Fernanda Nascimento , Damião Eduarda Pereira , dos Santos Lucas , Galvão Lucas Lima , Machado Helen Rocha , Silva Rizia Rocha , Tribess Sheilla , Virtuoso Júnior Jair Sindra , de Assis Teles Santos Douglas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the factors associated with low functional mobility in older adults residing in Alcobaça, BA.MethodsThis is an epidemiological survey with a cross‐sectional design, conducted in 2015 with 473 older adults (62.4% women; mean age 70.2 ± 8.2 years) from Alcobaça, BA. The interview script addressed sociodemographic characteristics, health, and behavioral aspects. Functional mobility was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (≤6 points). Inferential analyses were conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test and Poisson regression (with robust variance and estimation of prevalence ratios and their respective 95.0% confidence intervals).ResultsThe prevalence of low functional mobility was 9.6%, with associated factors including the use of alcoholic beverages (PR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.01–1.13) and the number of repetitions in elbow flexion (PR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05). Additionally, older adults with low mobility had lower height, thigh circumference, and lower performance in handgrip strength tests, elbow flexion, and flexibility. They also spent more time in sedentary behavior and less time in physical activity compared to older adults with preserved mobility (p < 0.05).ConclusionOlder adults with low mobility exhibit poorer values in anthropometric parameters, lower performance in motor tests, spend less time engaged in physical activities, and more time in sedentary behavior.
Secondary findings in genes related to cancer phenotypes in Turkish exome sequencing data from 2020 individuals
Authors: Demir Oguzhan , Saglam Kubra Adanur , Yilmaz Mustafa , Apuhan Tuna , Cebi Alper Han , Turkyilmaz Ayberk 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBig data generated from exome sequencing (ES) and genome sequencing (GS) analyses can be used to detect actionable and high‐penetrance variants that are not directly associated with the primary diagnosis of patients but can guide their clinical follow‐up and treatment. Variants that are classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic and are clinically significant but not directly associated with the primary diagnosis of patients are defined as secondary findings (SF). The aim of this study was to examine the frequency and variant spectrum of cancer‐related SF in 2020 Turkish ES data and to discuss the importance of the presence of cancer‐related SF in at‐risk family members in terms of genetic counseling and follow‐up. A total of 2020 patients from 2020 different families were evaluated by ES. SF were detected in 28 unrelated cases (1.38%), and variants in BRCA2 (11 patients) and MLH1 (4 patients) genes were observed most frequently. A total of 21 different variants were identified, with 4 of them (c.9919_9932del and c.3653del in the BRCA2 gene, c.2002A>G in the MSH2 gene, c.26_29del in the TMEM127 gene) being novel variations. In three different families, c.1189C>T (p.Gln397*) variation in BRCA2 gene was detected, suggesting that this may be a common variant in the Turkish population. This study represents the largest cohort conducted in the Turkish population, examining the frequency and variant spectrum of cancer‐related SF. With the identification of frequent variations and the detection of novel variations, the findings of this study have contributed to the variant spectrum. Genetic testing conducted in family members is presented as real‐life data, showcasing the implications in terms of counseling, monitoring, and treatment through case examples.
The association between olfactory subdomains and frailty: A prospective case‒control study investigation
Authors: Cheng Michael Z. , Vohra Varun , Wang Hang , Katuri Akhil , Langdon Jacqueline M. , Xue Qian‐Li , Rowan Nicholas R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAmidst the rise of frailty among a globally aging population, olfactory decline has emerged as a harbinger of frailty and mortality in population‐level studies. However, the relationships between frailty and the olfactory subdomains of identification (OI), discrimination (OD), and threshold (OT) remain unexplored. This study prospectively examined the association between olfactory subdomains and the physical frailty phenotype (PFP) to investigate olfactory evaluation as a means of frailty screening.MethodsA case‒control study of 45 frail and 45 non‐frail individuals matched by age and sex. OT, OD, OI (range 0‒16), and composite sum (threshold, discrimination, and identification scores [TDI], range 0‒48) were measured with Sniffin’ Sticks. PFP was defined by presence of three or more criteria: physical inactivity, self‐reported exhaustion, muscle weakness, slow gait, and unintentional weight loss. Conditional logistic regression evaluated associations between olfactory subdomains and frailty.ResultsNinety individuals with mean age of 83.1 ± 4.9 years, 60% female (n = 54), and 87.8% white (n = 79) were included. Olfactory scores were significantly lower in the frail group for OI (9.2 vs. 12.1, p < 0.001), OD (8.1 vs. 11.6, p < 0.001), OT (4.4 vs. 8.5, p < 0.001), and TDI (21.7 vs. 32.2, p < 0.001) than in the non‐frail group. A single‐point decrease in olfactory score was associated with increased odds of frailty in OT (odds ratio [OR]: 2.21, 95% confidence interval: [1.22, 3.98]), OD (OR: 2.19, 95% CI: [1.32, 3.65]), OI (OR: 2.29, 95% CI: [1.19, 4.39]), and TDI (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: [1.14, 2.08]).ConclusionThe robust association between olfactory subdomain scores and frailty suggests that olfaction may be an accessible signifier of frailty. Future studies should investigate this relationship longitudinally to assess predictive relationships.
Multiple Functional Bonds Integrated Interphases for Long Cycle Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Yongsheng , Zhang Qingqing , Sun Xiao‐Guang , Liu Kai , Sun Weili , Zhi Mingyu , Guo Yayu , Zheng Shijian , Dai Sheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have garnered significant interest as one of the most promising energy suppliers for power grid energy storage. However, the poor electrode/electrolyte interfacial stability leads to continual electrolyte decomposition and transition metal dissolution, resulting in rapid performance degradation of SIBs. In this work, we propose a strategy integrating multiple functional bonds to regulate electrode/electrolyte interphase by triple‐coupling of succinonitrile (SN), sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6) and fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC). Theoretical calculation and experiment results show that the solvation structure of Na+ and ClO4− is effectively reconfigured by the solvated FEC, SN and PF6− in PC‐based carbonate electrolyte. The newly developed electrolyte demonstrates increased Na+‐FEC coordination, weakened interaction of Na+‐PC and participation of SN and PF6− anions in solvation, resulting in the formation of a conformal interfacial layer comprising of sodium oxynitrides (NaNxOy), sodium fluoride (NaF) and phosphorus oxide compounds (NaPxOy). Consequently, a 3 Ah pouch full cell of hard carbon//NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 exhibits an excellent capacity retention of 90.4 % after 1000 cycles. Detailed postmortem analysis of interface chemistry is further illustrated by multiple characterization methods. This study provides a new avenue for developing electrolyte formulations with multiple functional bonds integrated interphases to significantly improve the long‐term cycling stability of SIBs.
Hierarchical Dual‐Mode Efficient Tunable Afterglow via J‐Aggregates in Single‐Phosphor‐Doped Polymer
Authors: Jin Longming , Wang Ziyi , Mo Wanqi , Deng Huangjun , Hong Wei , Chi Zhenguo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of polymer‐based persistent luminescence materials with color‐tunable organic afterglow and multiple responses is highly desirable for applications in anti‐counterfeiting, flexible displays, and data‐storage. However, achieving efficient persistent luminescence from a single‐phosphor system with multiple responses remains a challenging task. Herein, by doping 9H‐pyrido[3,4‐b]indole (PI2) into an amorphous polyacrylamide matrix, a hierarchical dual‐mode emission system is developed, which exhibits color‐tunable afterglow due to excitation‐, temperature‐, and humidity‐dependence. Notably, the coexistence of the isolated state and J‐aggregate state of the guest molecule not only provides an excitation‐dependent afterglow color, but also leads to a hierarchical temperature‐dependent afterglow color resulting from different thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) behaviors of the isolated and aggregated states. The complex responsiveness based on the hierarchical dual‐mode emission can serve for security features through inkjet printing and ink‐writing. These findings may provide further insight into the regulated persistent luminescence by isolated and aggregated phosphors in doped polymer systems and expand the scope of stimuli‐responsive organic afterglow materials for broader applications.
Bio‐based macroporous polymer sorbents: Synthesis, physicochemical properties and sorption kinetics
Authors: Sözbir Meltem , Kekevi Burcu , Mert Hatice Hande , Mert Mehmet Selçuk , Mert Emine Hilal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMacroporous polymeric sorbents were synthesized via high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templating. For this aim, water‐in‐oil (w/o) HIPEs were prepared with 80 vol.% of aqueous internal phase whereas plant‐based β‐myrcene (My) and D‐limonene (Lim) were used as renewable building blocks in the continuous oil phase. Moreover, biocompatible ethylene glycol dimetacrylate (EGDMA) was also added as a crosslinker comonomer. By varying the total volume fraction of My and Lim in the continuous phase composition between 90% and 50%, 14 different HIPE formulations were prepared. After polymerization of HIPE templates 28 different sorbents were obtained depending on the purification procedure (extraction & drying under vacuum or freeze drying). The effect of terpene composition in the obtained sorbents was investigated in terms of cross‐link density (υ), the molecular weight (Mc) and pore morphology. In this context, chemical structures and pore morphologies were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM analysis, respectively. The Brunauer‐Emmet‐Teller (BET) specific surface area was also measured to determine the relationship between pore morphology and surface area. Based on the characterization results, two sorbents were selected as model for sorption tests. Thereafter, solvent sorption tests were performed by immersing sorbents in either hexane, dichloromethane, deionized water, seawater, solvent/water mixture, or solvent/seawater mixture to determine maximum sorption capacities and determine reusability of the sorbents. Moreover, experimental data was fitted to pseudo‐first order and pseudo second order kinetic models, as well as Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. In the end, it was found that varying My and Lim ratio is the key parameter of controlling pore morphology and physicochemical properties. Moreover, it was shown that resulting sorbents can be efficiently used in oil/water separation processes repeatedly for several cycles.
The comparative and functional anatomy of the forelimb muscle architecture of Humboldt's woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagotricha)
Authors: Deane Andrew S. , Muchlinski Magdalena N. , Organ Jason M. , Vereecke Evie , Bistrekova Vanya , Hays Lindsey , Butterfield Timothy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHumboldt's woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagortricha) is a ceboid primate that more frequently engages in plantigrade quadrupedalism (~89%) but is, like most other members of the subfamily Atelinae, capable of suspensory postures and “tail assisted” brachiation. That taxon's decreased reliance on suspension is reflected in the skeletal anatomy of the upper limb which is less derived relative to more frequently suspensory atelines (Ateles, Brachyteles) but is in many ways (i.e., phalangeal curvature, enlarged joint surfaces, elongated diaphyses) intermediate between highly suspensory and quadrupedal anthropoids. Although it has been suggested that muscle may have morphogenetic primacy with respect to bone this has not been explicitly tested. The present study employs analyses of Lagothrix upper limb muscle fiber length, relative physiological cross‐sectional area and relative muscle mass to test whether muscular adaptations for suspensory postures and locomotion in Lagothrix precede adaptive refinements in the skeletal tissues or appear more gradually in conjunction with related skeletal adaptations. Results demonstrate that Lagothrix upper limb musculature is most like committed quadrupeds but that limited aspects of the relative distribution of segmental muscle mass may approach suspensory hylobatids consistent with only a limited adaptive response in musculature prior to bone. Results specific to the shoulder were inconclusive owing to under‐representation of quadrupedal shoulder musculature and future work should be focused more specifically on the adaptive and functional morphology of the muscular anatomy and microstructure of the scapulothoracic joint complex.
Reinforcement learning based temperature control of a fermentation bioreactor for ethanol production
Authors: Rajasekhar Nagabhushanamgari , Radhakrishnan Thota Karunakaran , Mohamed Samsudeen Naina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEthanol production is a significant industrial bioprocess for energy. The primary objective of this study is to control the process reactor temperature to get the desired product, that is, ethanol. Advanced model‐based control systems face challenges due to model‐process mismatch, but Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a class of machine learning which can help by allowing agents to learn policies directly from the environment. Hence a RL algorithm called twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) is employed. The control of reactor temperature is categorized into two categories namely unconstrained and constrained control approaches. The TD3 with various reward functions are tested on a nonlinear bioreactor model. The results are compared with existing popular RL algorithm, namely, deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm with a performance measure such as mean squared error (MSE). In the unconstrained control of the bioreactor, the TD3 based controller designed with the integral absolute error (IAE) reward yields a lower MSE of 0.22, whereas the DDPG produces an MSE of 0.29. Similarly, in the case of constrained controller, TD3 based controller designed with the IAE reward yields a lower MSE of 0.38, whereas DDPG produces an MSE of 0.48. In addition, the TD3 trained agent successfully rejects the disturbances, namely, input flow rate and inlet temperature in addition to a setpoint change with better performance metrics.
NUP98‐BPTF promotes oncogenic transformation through PIM1 upregulation
Authors: Noura Mina , Tomita Sakura , Yasuda Takahiko , Tsuzuki Shinobu , Kiyoi Hitoshi , Hayakawa Fumihiko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionNucleoporin 98 (NUP98) fusion proteins are recurrently found in leukemia and are associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. They are distributed to the nucleus and contribute to leukemogenesis via aberrant transcriptional regulation. We previously identified NUP98‐BPTF (NB) fusion in patients with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) using next‐generation sequencing. The FG‐repeat of NUP98 and the PHD finger and bromodomain of bromodomain PHD finger transcription factor (BPTF) are retained in the fusion. Like other NUP98 fusion proteins, NB is considered to regulate genes that are essential for leukemogenesis. However, its target genes or pathways remain unknown.Materials and MethodsTo investigate the potential oncogenic properties of the NB fusion protein, we lentivirally transduced a doxycycline‐inducible NB expression vector into mouse NIH3T3 fibroblasts and human Jurkat T‐ALL cells.ResultsNB promoted the transformation of mouse NIH3T3 fibroblasts by upregulating the proto‐oncogene Pim1, which encodes a serine/threonine kinase. NB transcriptionally regulated Pim1 expression by binding to its promoter and activated MYC and mTORC1 signaling. PIM1 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 signaling suppressed NB‐induced NIH3T3 cell transformation. Furthermore, NB enhanced the survival of human Jurkat T‐ALL cells by inactivating the pro‐apoptotic protein BCL2‐associated agonist of cell death (BAD).ConclusionWe demonstrated the pivotal role of NB in cell transformation and survival and identified PIM1as a key downstream target of NB. These findings propose a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with NB fusion‐positive leukemia.
Enhancing safety in hydrogen refuelling stations: Computational analysis of hydrogen explosion hazards
Authors: Patel Parth , Garaniya Vikram , Baalisampang Til , Arzaghi Ehsan , Abbassi Rouzbeh , Salehi Fatemeh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to enhance the understanding of hydrogen explosions in hydrogen refuelling stations and evaluate associated risk factors using computational fluid dynamics simulations. The model is first validated against the measured data for hydrogen dispersion and explosion. Different scenarios are then modelled to understand the ignition timing and location. The study estimates acceptable distances to minimize asset damage and human injury from explosion incidents. It has been found that higher wind speeds lead to faster and more extensive dispersion of the hydrogen gas released during a leak. In addition, since strong wind can act as a powerful driving force for the shock wave, the impact of the explosion is found to be less. Interestingly, moving the source of ignition to regions with higher hydrogen concentration has a marginal impact on overpressure and temperature; however, the blockage ratio can significantly amplify the overpressure. It is found that cases with high blockage, including storage room, and cases with large volumes of flammable cloud, including leakage from compressor towards the ground, have the highest hazards. The findings will provide valuable insights into fire and explosion prevention in various areas of hydrogen refuelling stations and contribute to safer hydrogen infrastructure construction.
Probabilistic scheduling of dynamic I/O requests via application clustering for burst‐buffers equipped high‐performance computing
Authors: Zha Benbo , Shen Hong 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBurst‐buffering is a promising storage solution that introduces an intermediate high‐throughput storage buffer layer to mitigate the I/O bottleneck problem that the current high‐performance computing (HPC) platforms suffer. The existing Markov‐Chain based probabilistic I/O scheduling utilizes the load state of burst‐buffers and the periodic characteristics of applications to reduce I/O congestion due to the limited capacity of burst‐buffers. However, this probabilistic approach requires consistent I/O characteristics of applications, including similar I/O duration and long application length, in order to obtain an accurate I/O load estimation. These consistency conditions do not often hold in realistic situations. In this paper, we propose a generic framework of dynamic probabilistic I/O scheduling based on application clustering (DPSAC) to make applications meet the consistency requirements. According to the I/O phase length of each application, our scheme first deploys a one‐dimensional K‐means clustering algorithm to cluster the applications into clusters. Next, it calculates the expected workload of each cluster through the probabilistic model of applications and then partitions the burst‐buffers proportionally. Then, to handle dynamic changes (join and exit) of applications, it updates the clusters based on a heuristic strategy. Finally, it applies the probabilistic I/O scheduling, which is based on the distribution of application workload and the state of burst‐buffers, to schedule I/O for all the concurrent applications to mitigate I/O congestion. The simulation results on synthetic data show that our DPSAC is effective and efficient.
Mutual Transformations of Polysulfide Chromophore Species in Sodalite‐Group Minerals: A DFT Study on S6 Decomposition
Authors: Fedyaeva Maria , Lepeshkin Sergey , Chukanov Nikita V. , Oganov Artem R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt is known that various polysulfide species determine the color of sodalite‐group minerals (haüyne, lazurite, and slyudyankaite), and that heating induces their transformations and color change, but the mechanisms of the transitions are unknown. A prominent example is the decay of cyclic S6 molecule. Using density‐functional simulations, we explore its main decay pathways into the most probable final reaction products (the pairs of radical anions S3⋅−+S3⋅− and S2⋅−+S4⋅−). It was found that the most favorable reaction path involves initial capture of one electron by the S6 molecule, which greatly facilitates its decay of S6 and leads to the opening of the S6 cycle, and subsequent decomposition of the thus formed chain radical anion, with a limiting energy barrier of ~0.4 eV. Neutral polysulfide molecules capture one electron with a significant energy reduction. The radical anions Sn⋅− (n=2−6) are the most stable ones among corresponding species with the same n values and different charges. The capture of the second electron by S6⋅− occurs with a huge energy barrier (~2 eV). The results of the DFT calculations are in agreement with experimental data on the products of thermal conversions of extra‐framework S‐bearing groups in sodalite‐group minerals.