bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geology of the Kamthai Rare Earth Deposit
Authors: Bhushan S. K. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
A wide spectrum of calciocarbonatites and associated alkaline rocks are exposed around Kamthai, Rajasthan. The mineralogical studies exhibit a bimodal distribution of REE minerals. The southeastern block has carbocernaite and the eastern block has bastnaesite ± ancylite / synchysite as the dominant REE minerals followed by parisite and other accessory minerals. Calcite is the most abundant of the gangue phase, followed by biotite, albite, k-feldspar and iron oxide / hydroxide. Minor and trace gangue phases include pyrite, ilmenite, apatite, siderite, ankerite, amphibole, pyroxene, strontianite, barite, ilmenite / pyrophanite, celestine, clay minerals, sphalerite, pyrochlore, fluorite and Mn-rich phases including hollandite and Mn-Fe oxides. Calciocarbonatite occuring as intrusive veins, sills/dykes and plug, is perhaps a product of crystallization of a primary carbonatite melt generated at upper mantle. The first phase magmatic calciocarbonatite is alvikite type, rich in carbocernaite whereas second hydrothermal phase, sovite type, is enriched in bastnaesite. The absence of supergene activity and minerals (crandalite, florencite, gorceixite) indicate minor role of secondary enrichment. A rift-related mechanism, thermal equivalent to Deccan flood basalt (65±2 Ma), invoking “Reunion plume - continental hot spot” might have triggered Tertiary alkaline magmatism.
New Evidences of Shell-gravel Taxa from Harudi Formation (Middle Eocene), Western Kutch
Authors: Syed Rosina , Sarkar Sampa , Sengupta S. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
A foraminiferal shell bed (informally referred to as the ‘obtusus bed’) occurring in the upper part of the Harudi Formation (Middle Eocene) in Kutch has yielded evidences of diverse shell-gravel taxa (mostly macroinvertebrates). In this communication, we report new evidences of shell-gravel taxa in the form of clavet and tubular borings of endolithic fauna and epibenthic growth of solitary scleractinian coral and cyclostome bryozoa for the first time. The borings include Gastrochaenolites Leymerie, Trypanites Mägdefrau and cf. Trypanites Mägdefrau. The coral and the bryozoan are Trochocyathus sp. Edward and Haime and ‘Proboscina’ sp. Audouin respectively. This highly diverse shell-gravel fauna subsisted solely on the larger foraminifera of the ‘obtusus bed’. So far, such an association is unknown from any other part of India.
Added Value of MRI over CT of the Brain in Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Algethamy Haifa M. , Alzawahmah Mohamed , Young G. Bryan , Mirsattari Seyed M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients with neurological impairments often require neuroimaging. However, the relative sensitivity of various imaging modalities of the brain has not yet been explored in this population. Methods: In this study, we compare the findings of CT and MRI scans in ICU patients to (1) identify the number and rate of clinically relevant lesion detected by MRI while missed by CT and vice versa and (2) determine specific lesion types for which CT versus MRI discrepancies exist. A review of medical records included CT and MRI reports of patients who underwent these procedures while they were patients in our ICUs between July 2004 and July 2009. MRI and CT were compared regarding their ability to detect clinically relevant abnormalities. Odds ratios with 95% confidence limits were calculated to compare diagnostic categories regarding the rate of discrepant MRI versus CT findings, followed by power analyses to estimate sample sizes necessary to allow for further testing in a larger trial. Results: MRI revealed clinically relevant additional abnormalities over CT in 129 of 136 patients (95%) that included the detection of additional finding for 15/27 hemorrhagic lesions (55.6%), 33/36 (92%) ischemic strokes, 19/27 (70%) traumatic lesions, 8/14 (57%) infections, 15/24 (62.5%) metabolic abnormalities, and all seven neoplasms. Odds ratio analysis revealed the added sensitivity of MRI to be greater for ischemic and neoplastic lesions than for trauma, metabolic-related abnormalities, infection, or hemorrhage. Conclusions: MRI is more sensitive than CT in identifying clinically meaningful lesions in at least a subset of ICU patients, regardless of pathology.
Orbital infections: five-year case series, literature review and guideline development
Authors: Atfeh M S , Khalil H S 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground:Periorbital infections represent a spectrum of sepsis that carries potentially significant morbidity and mortality. Early recognition, systematic assessment and aggressive treatment of the condition are essential.Methods:A retrospective five-year case note review on the management of periorbital infections was performed at a tertiary centre. A literature review on the management of periorbital infections was also undertaken. A multidisciplinary guideline on the management of periorbital infections was developed based on the findings of the case and literature reviews.Results:The results of the retrospective case series correlate well with those of recent reports.Conclusion:The new multidisciplinary guideline has been finalised and approved for practice and future auditing.
Circulating biologic markers of endothelial dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease: A review
Authors: Poggesi Anna , Pasi Marco , Pescini Francesca , Pantoni Leonardo , Inzitari Domenico 
Published: June 2015

The term cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) refers to a group of pathologic processes with various etiologies that affect small arteries, arterioles, venules, and capillaries of the brain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correlates of SVD are lacunes, recent small subcortical infarcts, white-matter hyperintensities, enlarged perivascular spaces, microbleeds, and brain atrophy. Endothelial dysfunction is thought to have a role in the mechanisms leading to SVD-related brain changes, and the study of endothelial dysfunction has been proposed as an important step for a better comprehension of cerebral SVD. Among available methods to assess endothelial function in vivo, measurement of molecules of endothelial origin in peripheral blood is currently receiving selective attention. These molecules include products of endothelial cells that change when the endothelium is activated, as well as molecules that reflect endothelial damage and repair. This review examines the main molecular factors involved in both endothelial function and dysfunction, and the evidence linking endothelial dysfunction with cerebral SVD, and gives an overview of clinical studies that have investigated the possible association between endothelial circulating biomarkers and SVD-related brain changes.
Levo-tetrahydropalmatine attenuates mouse blood-brain barrier injury induced by focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion: Involvement of Src kinase
Authors: Mao Xiao-Wei , Pan Chun-Shui , Huang Ping , Liu Yu-Ying , Wang Chuan-She , Yan Li , Hu Bai-He , Chang Xin , He Ke , Mu Huan-Na , Li Quan , Sun Kai , Fan Jing-Yu , Han Jing-Yan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe restoration of blood flow following thrombolytic therapy causes ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury leading to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and subsequent brain edema in patients of ischemic stroke. Levo-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) occurs in Corydalis genus and some other plants. However, whether l-THP exerts protective role on BBB disrpution following cerebral I/R remains unclear. Male C57BL/6N mice (23 to 28 g) were subjected to 90 min middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by reperfusion for 24 h. l-THP (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) was administrated by gavage 60 min before ischemia. We found I/R evoked Evans blue extravasation, albumin leakage, brain water content increase, cerebral blood flow decrease, cerebral infarction and neurological deficits, all of which were attenuated by l-THP treatment. Meanwhile, l-THP inhibited tight junction (TJ) proteins down-expression, Src kinase phosphorylation, matrix metalloproteinases-2/9 (MMP-2/9) and caveolin-1 activation. In addition, surface plasmon resonance revealed binding of l-THP to Src kinase with high affinity. Then we found Src kinase inhibitor PP2 could attenuate Evans blue dye extravasation and inhibit the caveolin-1, MMP-9 activation, occludin down-expression after I/R, respectively. In conclusion, l-THP attenuated BBB injury and brain edema, which were correlated with inhibiting the Src kinase phosphorylation.
Regulation by a chaperone improves substrate selectivity during cotranslational protein targeting
Authors: Ariosa Aileen , Lee Jae Ho , Wang Shuai , Saraogi Ishu , Shan Shu-ou 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Correct protein biogenesis is crucial for all cells. Numerous factors including molecular chaperones, modification enzymes, and protein-targeting machineries bind near the ribosome exit site and can access the nascent protein. How nascent proteins are accurately selected into the correct biogenesis pathway in such a crowded environment is an emerging question central to accurate protein biogenesis. Using chemical biology and biochemical and biophysical tools, we show that the major cotranslational chaperone, trigger factor, and cotranslational targeting machinery, signal recognition particle, regulate each other at multiple stages, including initial binding, ribosome delivery to the membrane, and enforcement of a timer for cotranslational protein targeting. Together, these mechanisms enhance accurate substrate selection into both cotranslational and posttranslational protein targeting pathways.
Selective buckling via states of self-stress in topological metamaterials
Authors: Paulose Jayson , Meeussen Anne S. , Vitelli Vincenzo 
Published: June 2015

Significance
An ongoing challenge in modern materials science is to create artificial structures, termed metamaterials, with an unconventional response that can be programmed by suitable design of their geometry or topology. We demonstrate a novel metamaterial in which small structural variations single out regions that buckle selectively under external stresses. Surprisingly, these regions are at first glance indistinguishable from the rest of the structure. Our samples are examples of topological metamaterials that are the mechanical analogues of topologically protected electronic systems. As a result, the buckling response is robust against structural perturbations yet tunable without affecting secondary physical properties in the buckling region. This feature is desirable for optomechanical or thermomechanical metamaterials in which multiple characteristics need to be tuned simultaneously.
BMP9 and BMP10 are necessary for proper closure of the ductus arteriosus
Authors: Levet Sandrine , Ouarné Marie , Ciais Delphine , Coutton Charles , Subileau Mariela , Mallet Christine , Ricard Nicolas , Bidart Marie , Debillon Thierry , Faravelli Francesca , Rooryck Caroline , Feige Jean-Jacques , Tillet Emmanuelle , Bailly Sabine 
Published: June 2015

Significance
At birth, newborns must switch from the fetal aquatic life to the aerial one, by closure of a vessel named the ductus arteriosus. During fetal life, it allows blood to bypass the lungs, and a failure of its closure at birth is a major cause of mortality, particularly in preterm neonates. This pathological condition is known as patent ductus arteriosus and occurs in approximately 60% of preterm infants born before 28 wk of gestation. Herein, we show, for the first time to our knowledge, the involvement of two circulating growth factors, bone morphogenetic proteins BMP9 and BMP10, in the anatomical closure of this vessel. This finding will have potential clinical applications in the management of this pathology.
Amelioration of toxicity in neuronal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by hUPF1
Authors: Barmada Sami J. , Ju Shulin , Arjun Arpana , Batarse Anthony , Archbold Hilary C. , Peisach Daniel , Li Xingli , Zhang Yuxi , Tank Elizabeth M. H. , Qiu Haiyan , Huang Eric J. , Ringe Dagmar , Petsko Gregory A. , Finkbeiner Steven 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating disorder inevitably resulting in paralysis and death. Mutations in genes encoding RNA binding proteins cause familial ALS, but wild-type (WT) versions of these proteins accumulate in sporadic disease. In this study, we identified and characterized human up-frameshift protein 1 (hUPF1) as a potent modifier of neurodegeneration in ALS models. hUPF1 dramatically reduced toxicity in primary mammalian neurons expressing WT and disease-associated mutant RNA binding proteins, demonstrating efficacy in familial and sporadic disease models, and verifying the existence of a conserved neurotoxic pathway targeted by hUPF1. The work has fundamental implications for ALS disease mechanisms and offers a novel perspective on effective therapies generalizable to both sporadic and familial disease.
Phylogenomic analysis of natural products biosynthetic gene clusters allows discovery of arseno-organic metabolites in model streptomycetes
Authors: Cruz-Morales Pablo , Kopp Johannes Florian , Martinez-Guerrero Christian , Yáñez-Guerra Luis Alfonso , Selem Mojica Nelly , Ramos-Aboites Hilda , Feldmann Jörg , Barona-Gómez Francisco 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNatural products from microbes have provided humans with beneficial antibiotics for millennia. However, a decline in the pace of antibiotic discovery exerts pressure on human health as antibiotic resistance spreads, a challenge that may better faced by unveiling chemical diversity produced by microbes. Current microbial genome mining approaches have revitalized research into antibiotics, but the empirical nature of these methods limits the chemical space that is explored.Here, we address the problem of finding novel pathways by incorporating evolutionary principles into genome mining. We recapitulated the evolutionary history of twenty-three enzyme families previously uninvestigated in the context of natural product biosynthesis inActinobacteria,the most proficient producers of natural products. Our genome evolutionary analyses where based on the assumption that expanded-repurposed enzyme families-from central metabolism, occur frequently and thus have the potential to catalyze new conversions in the context of natural products biosynthesis. Our analyses led to the discovery of biosynthetic gene clusters coding for hidden chemical diversity, as validated by comparing our predictions with those from state-of-the-art genome mining tools; as well as experimentally demonstrating the existence of a biosynthetic pathway for arseno-organic metabolites inStreptomyces coelicolorandStreptomyces lividans, using gene knockout and metabolite profile combined strategy. As our approach does not rely solely on sequence similarity searches of previously identified biosynthetic enzymes, these results establish the basis for the development of an evolutionary-driven genome mining tool that complements current platforms. We anticipate that by doing so real ‘chemical dark matter’ will be unveiled.
Estimating information flow through a memory system: the utility of meta-analytic methods for genetics
Authors: Yildizoglu Tugce , Weislogel Jan-Marek , Mohammad Farhan , Chan Edwin S.-Y. , Assam Pryseley N. , Claridge-Chang Adam 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTCritics of significance testing claim that this statistical framework promotes discrepancies by using arbitrary thresholds (α) to impose reject/accept dichotomies on continuous data, which is not reflective of the biological reality of quantitative phenotypes. Here we explore this idea and evaluate an alternative approach, demonstrating the potential for meta-analysis and related estimation methods to resolve discordance generated by the use of traditional significance tests. We selected a set of behavioral studies proposing differing models of the physiological basis ofDrosophilaolfactory memory and used systematic review and meta-analysis approaches to define the true role of lobular specialization within the brain. The mainstream view is that each of the three lobes of theDrosophilamushroom body play specialized roles in short-term aversive olfactory memory [1-5], but a number of studies have made divergent conclusions based on their discordant experimental findings [6-8]. Multivariate meta-regression models revealed that short-term memory lobular specialization is not in fact supported by the data, and identified the cellular extent of a transgenic driver as the major predictor of its effect on short-term memory. Our findings demonstrate that meta-analysis, meta-regression, hierarchical models and estimation methods in general can be successfully harnessed to identify knowledge gaps, synthesize divergent results, accommodate heterogeneous experimental design and quantify genetic mechanisms.
Resolving microsatellite genotype ambiguity in populations of allopolyploid and diploidized autopolyploid organisms using negative correlations between allelic variables
Authors: Clark Lindsay V. , Drauch Schreier Andrea 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA major limitation in the analysis of genetic marker data from polyploid organisms is non-Mendelian segregation, particularly when a single marker yields allelic signals from multiple, independently segregating loci (isoloci). However, with markers such as microsatellites that detect more than two alleles, it is sometimes possible to deduce which alleles belong to which isoloci. Here we describe a novel mathematical property of codominant marker data when it is recoded as binary (presence/absence) allelic variables: under random mating in an infinite population, two allelic variables will be negatively correlated if they belong to the same locus, but uncorrelated if they belong to different loci. We present an algorithm to take advantage of this mathematical property, sorting alleles into isoloci based on correlations, then refining the allele assignments after checking for consistency with individual genotypes. We demonstrate the utility of our method on simulated data, as well as a real microsatellite dataset from a natural population of octoploid white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Our methodology is implemented in the R packagepolysatversion 1.5.
Board independence and the quality of board monitoring: evidence from China
Authors: Wu Xiaohui , Li Hui 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– In 2001, the China Securities Regulatory Commission required that at least one-third of the members of corporate boards of directors come from outside the organization. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of this change of regulation on corporate governance in China. In particular, the authors examine whether the increase in the proportion of outsider directors can increase the monitoring quality of the board.

Design/methodology/approach
– The basic empirical methodology is a logit regression in which the dependent variable is a binary variable that represents one of the three “negative events” identified as the indicators of poor monitoring quality. The independent variables are firm-level control variables.

Findings
– Using Chinese stock data from 1999 to 2005, the authors find that the resulting increase in board independence has reduced the occurrence of connected transactions and violations such as financial statement fraud, illegal insider trading, and asset misappropriation. However, this positive effect of board independence is not uniform across firms. The authors show that a higher degree of fundamental uncertainty in a firm impedes the effectiveness of board independence. The authors also document that the level of board independence is positively associated with firm performance, as measured either in stock market return or accounting return.

Originality/value
– In this paper, the authors aim to investigate the effectiveness of outsider directors in a more direct way than has previous research. The authors measure the improvement in the quality of board monitoring by the reduction of the likelihood of those corporate events that could reduce firms’ value. In particular, the authors examine the relationship between the board independence and the occurrence of “negative” corporate events in China. To the best of the knowledge, this is the first study that explores the link between board independence and the probabilities of these events.
Social CRM, RMO and business strategies affecting banking performance effectiveness in B2B context
Authors: Wongsansukcharoen Jedsada , Trimetsoontorn Jirasek , Fongsuwan Wanno 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to develop structural equation modelling of variables that affect the banking performance effectiveness of Thai Commercial Bank branches in the financial service sector by gathering quantitative data.Design/methodology/approach– The population of the study covers all 2,068 Thai Commercial Bank branches in Bangkok, Thailand. This research defined the Thai banks for data collection using stratified sampling (first step) and simple sampling (second step). Primary data were collected using a self-administered survey of 65 managers and 185 marketing officers. In the total sample, 69 (27.6 per cent) of the respondents were male and 181 (72.4 per cent) were female in the Thai Commercial Bank branches. The responses to the questions capturing focal constructs used a seven-point Likert scale. Data were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling.Findings– It was found that significant relationships existed between social customer relationship management (CRM), relationship marketing orientation (RMO) and business strategies and banking performance effectiveness. The key success factors of social CRM and relationship marketing orientation were found to have indirect influences on banking performance effectiveness through mediation of business strategies. Additionally, the results of this research show that social CRM and RMO have direct and indirect influences on banking performance effectiveness through the mediation of focus strategy or differentiation strategy (p< 0.001).Practical implications– Recent development of the digital communications in industrial marketing to achieve firm performance, chief executive officer, management officers and managers could consider setting managing and marketing plans for excellent performance, and long-term relationship by five steps.Originality/value– These results add performance effectiveness and long-term relationships with business-to-business (B2B) service industry and bank customers (both retail and public enterprises) to the factors needed to respond to the highly competitive situation at present, which will be even more important with the ASEAN Economic Community in 2015.