bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain Behaviors in Mice through Activation of Free Fatty Acid Receptor GPR40
Authors: Karki Prasanna , Kurihara Takashi , Nakamachi Tomoya , Watanabe Jun , Asada Toshihide , Oyoshi Tatsuki , Shioda Seiji , Yoshimura Megumu , Arita Kazunori , Miyata Atsuro 
Published: February 2015

Background The G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is suggested to function as a transmembrane receptor for medium- to long-chain free fatty acids and is implicated to play a role in free fatty acids-mediated enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreas. However, the functional role of GPR40 in nervous system including somatosensory pain signaling has not been fully examined yet. Results Intrathecal injection of GPR40 agonist (MEDICA16 or GW9508) dose-dependently reduced ipsilateral mechanical allodynia in CFA and SNL models and thermal hyperalgesia in carrageenan model. These anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic effects were almost completely reversed by a GPR40 antagonist, GW1100. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that GPR40 is expressed in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion neurons, and immunoblot analysis showed that carrageenan or CFA inflammation or spinal nerve injury resulted in increased expression of GPR40 in these areas. Patch-clamp recordings from spinal cord slices exhibited that bath-application of either MEDICA16 or GW9508 significantly decreased the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in the substantia gelatinosa neurons of the three pain models. Conclusions Our results indicate that GPR40 signaling pathway plays an important suppressive role in spinal nociceptive processing after inflammation or nerve injury, and that GPR40 agonists might serve as a new class of analgesics for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
Spectacle: fast chromatin state annotation using spectral learning
Authors: Song Jimin , Chen Kevin C 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEpigenomic data from ENCODE can be used to associate specific combinations of chromatin marks with regulatory elements in the human genome. Hidden Markov models and the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm are often used to analyze epigenomic data. However, the EM algorithm can have overfitting problems in data sets where the chromatin states show high class-imbalance and it is often slow to converge. Here we use spectral learning instead of EM and find that our software Spectacle overcame these problems. Furthermore, Spectacle is able to find enhancer subtypes not found by ChromHMM but strongly enriched in GWAS SNPs. Spectacle is available at https://github.com/jiminsong/Spectacle.
Phylogenomic analyses data of the avian phylogenomics project
Authors: Jarvis Erich D , Mirarab Siavash , Aberer Andre J , Li Bo , Houde Peter , Li Cai , Ho Simon Y W , Faircloth Brant C , Nabholz Benoit , Howard Jason T , Suh Alexander , Weber Claudia C , da Fonseca Rute R , Alfaro-Núñez Alonzo , Narula Nitish , Liu Liang , Burt Dave , Ellegren Hans , Edwards Scott V , Stamatakis Alexandros , Mindell David P , Cracraft Joel , Braun Edward L , Warnow Tandy , Jun Wang , Gilbert M Thomas Pius , Zhang Guojie ,   The Avian Phylogenomics Consortium
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Background
Determining the evolutionary relationships among the major lineages of extant birds has been one of the biggest challenges in systematic biology. To address this challenge, we assembled or collected the genomes of 48 avian species spanning most orders of birds, including all Neognathae and two of the five Palaeognathae orders. We used these genomes to construct a genome-scale avian phylogenetic tree and perform comparative genomic analyses.

Findings
Here we present the datasets associated with the phylogenomic analyses, which include sequence alignment files consisting of nucleotides, amino acids, indels, and transposable elements, as well as tree files containing gene trees and species trees. Inferring an accurate phylogeny required generating: 1) A well annotated data set across species based on genome synteny; 2) Alignments with unaligned or incorrectly overaligned sequences filtered out; and 3) Diverse data sets, including genes and their inferred trees, indels, and transposable elements. Our total evidence nucleotide tree (TENT) data set (consisting of exons, introns, and UCEs) gave what we consider our most reliable species tree when using the concatenation-based ExaML algorithm or when using statistical binning with the coalescence-based MP-EST algorithm (which we refer to as MP-EST*). Other data sets, such as the coding sequence of some exons, revealed other properties of genome evolution, namely convergence.

Conclusions
The Avian Phylogenomics Project is the largest vertebrate phylogenomics project to date that we are aware of. The sequence, alignment, and tree data are expected to accelerate analyses in phylogenomics and other related areas.
Development of a Hemodialysis Safety Checklist Using a Structured Panel Process
Authors: Silver Samuel A , Thomas Alison , Rathe Andrea , Robinson Pamela , Wald Ron , Harel Ziv , Bell Chaim M 
Published: February 2015

Background: The World Health Organization created a Surgical Safety Checklist with a pause or “time out” to help reduce preventable adverse events and improve communication. A similar tool might improve patient safety and reduce treatment-associated morbidity in the hemodialysis unit. Objective: To develop a Hemodialysis Safety Checklist (Hemo Pause) for daily use by nurses and patients. Design: A modified Delphi consensus technique based on the RAND method was used to evaluate and revise the checklist. Setting: University-affiliated in-center hemodialysis unit. Participants: A multidisciplinary team of physicians, nurses, and administrators developed the initial version of the Hemo Pause Checklist. The evaluation team consisted of 20 registered hemodialysis nurses. Measurements: The top 5 hemodialysis safety measures according to hemodialysis nurses. A 75% agreement threshold was required for consensus. Methods: The structured panel process was iterative, consisting of a literature review to identify safety parameters, individual rating of each parameter by the panel of hemodialysis nurses, an in-person consensus meeting wherein the panel refined the parameters, and a final anonymous survey that assessed panel consensus. Results: The literature review produced 31 patient safety parameters. Individual review by panelists reduced the list to 25 parameters, followed by further reduction to 19 at the in-person consensus meeting. The final round of scoring yielded the following top 5 safety measures: 1) confirmation of patient identity, 2) measurement of pre-dialysis weight, 3) recognition and transcription of new medical orders, 4) confirmation of dialysate composition based on prescription, and 5) measurement of pre-dialysis blood pressure. Revision using human factors principles incorporated the 19 patient safety parameters with greater than or equal to 75% consensus into a final checklist of 17-items. Limitations: The literature review was not systematic. This was a single-center study, and the panel lacked patient and family representation. Conclusions: A novel 17-item Hemodialysis Safety Checklist (Hemo Pause) for use by nurses and patients has been developed to standardize the hemodialysis procedure. Further quality improvement efforts are underway to explore the feasibility of using this checklist to reduce adverse events and strengthen the safety culture in the hemodialysis unit.
Systematics and biogeography of Berberis s.l. inferred from nuclear ITS and chloroplast ndhF gene sequences
Authors: Adhikari Bhaskar , Milne Richard , Pennington R. Toby , Särkinen Tiina , Pendry Colin Alistair 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBerberis is the largest genus in the Berberidaceae, comprising more than 500 species. It is now recognised to include all of the compound‐leaved species formally ascribed to Mahonia, as well as simple‐leaved species comprising Berberis s.str. Berberis s.l. has a mainly Northern Hemisphere distribution, with a centre of diversity in the Sino‐Himalaya region, while Berberis s.str. extends into South America where it has a secondary centre of diversity. We analyzed nuclear ITS and chloroplast ndhF sequence data from 68 accessions of Berberis s.l. The results support the monophyly of Berberis s.l., but compound‐leaved Berberis are shown to be paraphyletic. The analysis supports Berberis higginsae, a member of North American B. sect. Horridae, as sister to all other Berberis species. Our results, interpreted in the light of fossil evidence, suggest a North American origin of Berberis s.l., but the area of origin of the simple‐leaved group remains uncertain.
In situ measurements of thermal diffusivity in sediments of the methane-rich zone of Cascadia Margin, NE Pacific Ocean
Authors: Homola Kira , Paul Johnson H. , Hearn Casey 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Thermal diffusivity (TD) is a measure of the temperature response of a material to external thermal forcing. In this study, TD values for marine sediments were determined in situ at two locations on the Cascadia Margin using an instrumented sediment probe deployed by a remotely operated vehicle. TD measurements in this area of the NE Pacific Ocean are important for characterizing the upslope edge of the methane hydrate stability zone, which is the climate-sensitive boundary of a global-scale carbon reservoir. The probe was deployed on the Cascadia Margin at water depths of 552 and 1049 m for a total of 6 days at each site. The instrumented probe consisted of four thermistors aligned vertically, one sensor exposed to the bottom water and one each at 5, 10, and 15 cm within the sediment. Results from each deployment were analyzed using a thermal conduction model applying a range of TD values to obtain the best fit with the experimental data. TD values corresponding to the lowest standard deviations from the numerical model runs were selected as the best approximations. Overall TDs of Cascadia Margin sediments of 4.33 and 1.15 × 10–7 m2 s–1 were calculated for the two deployments. These values, the first of their kind to be determined from in situ measurements on a methane hydrate-rich continental margin, are expected to be useful in the development of models of bottom-water temperature increases and their implications on a global scale.
Pharmacogenetics of drug oxidation via cytochrome P450 (CYP) in the populations of Denmark, Faroe Islands and Greenland
Authors: Brosen Kim 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Denmark, the Faroe Islands and Greenland are three population-wise small countries on the northern part of the Northern Hemisphere, and studies carried out here on the genetic control over drug metabolism via cytochrome P450 have led to several important discoveries. Thus, CYP2D6 catalyzes the 2-hydroxylation, and CYP2C19 in part catalyzes the N-demethylation of imipramine. The phenomenon of phenocopy with regard to CYP2D6 was first described when Danish patients changed phenotype from extensive to poor metabolizers during treatment with quinidine. It was a Danish extensive metabolizer patient that became a poor metabolizer during paroxetine treatment, and this was due to the potent inhibition of CYP2D6 by paroxetine, which is also is metabolized by this enzyme. Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine are also potent inhibitors of CYP2D6, and fluvoxamine is a potent inhibitor of both CYP1A2 and CYP2C19. The bioactivation of proguanil to cycloguanil is impaired in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers. The O-demethylation of codeine and tramadol to their respective my-opioid active metabolites, morphine and (+)-O-desmethyltramadol was markedly impaired in CYP2D6 poor metabolizers compared to extensive metabolizers, and this impairs the hypoalgesic effect of the two drugs in the poor metabolizers. The frequency of CYP2D6 poor metabolizers is 2%–3% in Greenlanders and nearly 15% in the Faroese population. The frequency of CYP2C19 poor metabolizers in East Greenlanders is approximately 10%. A study in Danish mono and dizygotic twins showed that the non-polymorphic 3-N-demethylation of caffeine catalyzed by CYP1A2 is subject to approximately 70% genetic control.
Metallorganische Synthesen mit freien Cyclopentadienyl-Radikalen, I. Zweikernige Carbonylnickel-Komplexe mit mehrfach alkylierten Cyclopentadienyl-Liganden / Metalorganic Syntheses with Free Cyclopentadienyl Radicals, I. Dinuclear Carbonyl Nickel Complexes with Alkylated Cyclopentadienyl Ligands
Authors: Sitzmann Helmut , Wolmershäuser Gotthelf 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Cyclopentadienyl nickel complexes [(C5H2tBu3-1,2,4)Ni(M-CO)]2 (1) and [(C5HiPr4)Ni(μ-CO)]2 (2) have been synthesized from nickel tetracarbonyl and the corresponding lithium cyclopentadienide, and [(C5iPr5)Ni(μ-CO)]2 (3) has been obtained in high yield from nickel tetracarbonyl and the free pentaisopropylcyclopentadienyl radical. The crystal structure of 1 shows a complex on a crystallographic mirror plane with a bent Ni-C-Ni-C core whereas the crystal structure of 2 exhibits two independent planar molecules possessing crystallographic inversion symmetry.
Synthese und Kristallstruktur von Verbindungen des Typs CuM[B5O10] (M = Tm3+, Lu3+) / Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Compounds of the Type CuM[B5O10] (M = Tm3+, Lu3+)
Authors: Schaefer Jan , Bluhm Karsten 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Single crystals of the compounds CuM[B5O10] (M = Tm3+(I), Lu3+(II) have been obtained by a B2O3 flux technique. Their structures are isotypic with CuTb[B5O10]. X-ray investigations on single crystals led to the space group C21
2v-Iba2 (Nr. 45); I: a = 622,0(2) pm; b = 844,7(1) pm; c = 1266,3(4) pm; Z = 4 and II: a = 618.4(1) pm; b = 845,9(2) pm; c = 1260,9(4) pm; Z = 4. The structure contains 1
∞[B5O10]5- chains that include twelve membered rings of boron and oxygen. Each ring consists of two tetrahedral BO4 and two planar B2O5 groups and is connected with neighboring rings via the BO4 units. M3+ (M = Tm3+, Lu3+) is eight-coordinated, while Cu2+ is hexa-coordinated by oxygen.
Darstellung, 11B-NMR- und Schwingungsspektren von μ-Amido-bis(hexahydro-closo-hexaborat)(1-), und Kristallstruktur von [As(C6H5)4][B6H6(NH2)B6H6] / Preparation, 11B NMR and Vibrational Spectra of μ-Amido-bis(hexahydro-closo-hexaborate)(1-) and Crystal Structure of [As(C6H5)4][B6H6(NH2)B6H6]
Authors: Franken A. , Preetz W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
By reduction of [B6H3(NO)B6H5]3- with Fe2+ in aqueous alkaline solution [B6H3(NH2)B6H3]3- is formed. It reacts as a Brönsted base and becomes protonated in neutral medium to give the mono anion [B6H6(NH2)B6H 6]-. The crystal structure of the salt [As(C6H3)4][B6H6(NH2)B6H6] has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis; triclinic space group P1̄ with a = 8.284(2), b = 12.619(2), c = 15.5 4 3 (3 )Å and α = 69.193(13)°; β = 88.59(2)°, γ = 87.24(2)°. The 11B NMR spectrum is consistent with mono hetero substituted octahedral B6 cages with local C4v symmetry. The IR and Raman spectra exhibit characteristic N-H , B-H and B6 vibrations.
Übergangsmetallkomplexe mit Schwefelliganden, CVIII+. Eine bequeme Synthese des tertiären Amin-thiolat-Liganden 'S2N2Me2'2-. Einfluß der Aminmethylierung auf die Koordinationschemie von Nickel- und Ruthenium-Komplexen mit [M('S2N2R2')]-Geriisten (R = H, CH3). ('S2N2Me2'2- = 1,2-Ethandiamin-N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(2-benzolthiolat)(2-)) / Transition Metal Complexes with Sulfur Ligands, CVIII+. A Facile Synthesis of the Tertiary Amine-thiolato Ligand 'S2N2Me2'2-. Influence of the Aminomethylation on the Coordination Chemistry of Nickel and Ruthenium Complexes with [M('S2N2R2')] Frameworks (R = H, CH3). ('S2N2Me2'2- = 1,2-Ethanediamino-N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(2-benzenethiolato)(2-))
Authors: Sellmann Dieter , Ruf Richard , Knoch Falk , Moll Matthias 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In a single pot synthesis consecutive reaction of the tetradentate amine-thiole H2-'S2N2H2' 2 ('S2N2H2'2- = 1,2-ethanediamino-N,N'-bis(2-benzenethiolato)(2-)). with [LiN(SiMe3)2] and benzyl chloride (BzCl) yields the amine-thioether 'Bz2S2N2H2' which gives the tertiary amine-thioether 'Bz2S2N2Me2' when reacted with further [LiN(SiMe3)2] and CH3I Removal of the benzyl groups with an excess of sodium and acidification with hydrochloric acid finally yield H2-'S2N2Me2' I ('S2N2Me2'2- = 1,2-ethanediamino-N,N'-di- methyl-N,N'-bis(2-benzenethiolato)(2-)). 1 and 2 have been characterized by X-ray structure analysis. With [Ni(CH3COO)2] · 4H2O,1 yields racemic [Ni('S2N2Me2')] 3 in a diastereospecific reaction. Crystallization of 3 leads to spontaneous resolution of the racemate. By X-ray structure analysis of 3 the absolute configuration in the single crystal examined was determi­ned using Roger's μ-refinement (μ = 1.00(4)). Upon reaction with [RuCl3·3H2O]. LiOMe and CO. I yields [Ru(CO)2('S2N2Me2')] 5. Spectroscopic data indicate that 5 and the parent complex [Ru(CO)2('S2N2H2')] differ with respect to their core structures. Influence of the amine methylation on structure and reactivity of complexes with [M('S2N2R2')] cores, R = H. Me, is discussed.
2-Stannylpyridine-Borane Adducts - Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Study and X-Ray Structure Determination of a 1,4-Dihydro-4 a,1,4-azastannabora-naphthalene Derivative
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Maisel Heidi E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The adduct formation between 2-trimethylstannyl-pyridine (1) and triethylborane, leading to 2a, and 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, leading to 2b, was studied by 1H, 11B, 13C, 15N and 119Sn NMR in solution. Changes in the magnitude of the coupling constants J(119Sn, 13C), with respect to the data for I, were analysed. The absolute signs have been determined [all coupling constants nJ(119SnZ3C) to methyl and pyridine carbon atoms in 1 to 3 possess a negative sign and the same is true for nJ(119Sn,1H) of the pyridine hydrogen atoms] by various two-dimensional NMR experiments, and attributed to the influence of the lone pair of electrons at the nitrogen atom in 1. The NMR spectroscopic results for the 1,4-dihydro- 4a,1,4-azastannabora-naphthalene derivative 3, in which structural fragments are present analogous to those in the borane adducts 2, correspond to those for 1 and 2a,b. The molecu­lar structure of 3 has been determined by X-ray analysis [orthorhombic; P212121, a = 713.9(2), b - 1566.0(2), c = 1578.4(2) pm]. Solid-state 13C and 119Sn CP/MAS NMR spectra prove that the molecular structures of 3 in the solid state and in solution are very similar.
Kristallstrukturen zweier Kupfer(II)-Cyclam-Komplexe: [{CuCl(C10N4H24)}2][CdCl4] und [Cu(C10N4H24)][CdCl3(H2O)2]Cl / Crystal Structures of Two Copper(II) Cyclam Complexes: [{CuCl(C10N4H24 )}2][CdCl4] and [Cu(C10N4H24)][CdCl3 (H2O)2]Cl
Authors: Pickardt Joachim , Hoffmeister Isabella 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Crystals of both complexes were obtained by evaporation of the ethanol solvent. The crystals of [{CuCl(C10N4H24)}2][CdCl4] are tetragonal, space group I4̄2d, Z = 4, a = b = 1784.1(11), c = 1101.1(8) pm. Each copper atom is bonded to one cyclam ligand and two chlorine atoms which are acting as bridging ligands and connect the copper atoms to chains of distorted octahedra. Distorted tetrahedra of CdCl4 are situated in cavities between these chains. The crystals of [Cu(C10N4H24)][CdCl3(H2O)2]Cl are monoclinic (b), space group C2/c, Z = 4, a = 1581.9(8), b = 1323.3(7), c = 924.0(5) pm, β = 94.31(5)°. Cadmium is coordinated to four chlorine atoms and two water molecules, while all of the chlorine atoms act as bridging ligands connecting every cadmium atom to two adjacent cadmium atoms and to two copper atoms which lie in plane with the N atoms.
Synthese und Kristallstruktur des 2.4-Di-terf-butoxy-2,4-di-terfbutylcyclodisilazans / Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2.4-Di-terf-butoxy-2,4-di-terrbutylcyclodisilazane
Authors: Dielkus Sven , Großkopf Dorothee , Herbst-Irmer Regine , Klingebiel Uwe 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Me3CSiHal3 react with LiOCMe3 to give Me3CO(Me3C)SiHal2 (HaI = F (1), Cl (3)). The aminofluorosilane, Me3CO(Me3C)SiFNH2 (2), is formed in the reaction of 1 with LiNH2. The diaminosilane Me3CO(Me3C)Si(NH2)2 (4) is obtained from the reaction of 2 with ammonia. 4 reacts with LiC4H9 to give the lithium derivative Me3CO(Me3C)Si(NHLi)NH2 (5). In a molar ratio 1:1 the reaction of 5 and 1 leads to the formation of the 1-amino-3-fluoro-disilazane Me3CO(Me3C)SiF- NH - SiNH2(CMe3)OCMe3 (6) and in a molar ratio 2:1 to the four-membered silicon nitrogen ring [Me3CO(M e3C)Si-NH]2 (7). The crystal structure of 7 was determined.
β-P4S3-Hydride: Eine NMR-Untersuchung / β-P4S3-Hydrides: An NMR Study
Authors: Blachnik Roger , Hackmann Kerstin 
Published: February 2015

β-Tetraphosphorus-trichalcogenide hydrides have been detected in the reaction mixtures of β-P4S3X2 (X = Cl, Br, I) with (CH3)3SnH in CS2 solutions. In the first step of the reaction the configuration of the hydrogen accepting phosphorus atom is inverted and the compound β-P4S3XexoHendo is formed, as the main product. Two further isomers β-P4S3ClexoHexo and β- P4S3HexoHendo w ere found in low concentrations.
The second nucleophilic substitution is slow and the configuration at the second hydrogenated phosphorus atom can be retain ed or inverted. Two products, β-P4S3HexoHendo and β -P4S3(Hendo)2, are observed.
Komplexe Alkalimetall-carbonat-hydrogencarbonate mit fünffach koordiniertem Zink: NaA2{Zn2[H(CO3)2](CO3)2(H2O)2} mit A = K, Rb / Complex Alkalimetal-carbonates-hydrogencarbonates with Penta-Coordinated Zinc: NaA2{Zn2[H(CO3)2](CO3)2(H2O)2] with A = K, Rb
Authors: Zheng Yue Qing , Adam Arnold 
Published: February 2015

The new alkalimetal-hydrogenbis(carbonato)-bis(carbonato)complexes with penta-coordinated zinc atoms, NaA2{Zn2[H(CO3)2](CO3)2(H2O)2} with A = Kor Rb, crystallize in the monoclinic system, P21/n (no. 14), Z = 2 with a = 1057,9(1), b = 1102,2(1), c = 514,9(1) pm, β = 92,94(1)°, VEZ = 599,6(2) · 106 pm3, R = 0,052, Rw = 0,029 for the potassium compound and with a = 1068,2(2), b = 1131,6(4), c = 518,6(1) pm, β = 92,07(1)°, VEZ = 626,4(4)·106 pm3, R = 0,050, Rw = 0,028 for the rubidium compound. These compounds are the first to be structurally characterized with a simultaneous presence of discrete [H(CO3)2]3-and CO3
2- anions.
The crystal structure of the isostructural compounds contains two-dimensional infinite {Zn2[H(CO3)2](CO3)2(H2O)2} layers parallel [1 0 1] with zinc coordinated in a slightly distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry. The layers are held together by hydrogen bonds from water molecules to oxygen atoms of the carbonato groups in adjacent layers. Potassium or rubidium atoms are located between the layers, and sodium atoms in smaller vacancies within the layers. The hydrogen bond of the [H(CO3)2]3- anion is very short, O···O: 247,4(2) pm (K) and 246,9(5) pm (Rb). The carbonate groups in both compounds exhibit significant deviations from D3h symmetry in accordance with the vibrational modes observed in the IR spectra. The thermal behaviour of the potassium compound is also reported.