bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Behavior of an Orthotropic Material Containing a Central
Crack
Authors: Tsai Y. M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The dynamic response of a central crack in an orthotropic material is investigated. The crack is situated along one of the principal axes of the material. The load is harmonic in time and normally applied to the crack surface. The Fourier transform is used to solve the dynamic fracture problem, and the results are simplified through a complete contour integration. The dynamic stress intensity factor is obtained in an exact expression in terms of the frequency factor and the material constants. The frequency factor is defined as the product of the wave frequency and the half-crack length, divided by the shear wave speed. Glass/epoxy and graphite/epoxy composite materials are used as example materials in calculating the numerical values of the stress intensity factors. The maximum values of the stress intensity factors are shown to be dependent on the value of the nondimensional frequency factor and the material anisotropy. The motion of the crack surface is also investigated. The crack surface distortion from the associated static crack shape also depends on the wave frequency and the orthotropic material constants.
On the Micromechanical Characterization of the Creep Response of a
Class of Composite Systems
Authors: Haddad Y. M. , Tanary S. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The temperature-dependent creep of a class of composite systems is considered with the inclusion of the microstructure. The material system is regarded as a three-dimensional viscoelastic matrix which is reinforced with randomly oriented, short viscoelastic fiber-bundles. The nonlinear creep response of the composite matrix is modeled within the considered temperature range, using a modified form of the hereditary constitutive equation in linear viscoelasticity. The time-dependent behavior of the individual fiber-bundle is formulated as a combination of a viscoelastic matrix substance within the bundle and an ensemble of unidirectional, elastic fibers. The macroscopic behavior of the randomly oriented, fiber-composite is determined, with the inclusion of the microstructure, using the laminate analogy which assumes that the random fiber-composite may be treated as a laminated “quasi-isotropic” material. The presented approach is illustrated numerically for the case of the creep of SMC-R50 composite system within a temperature range of 28° to 76°C. The theoretical model is presented in a generalized manner and could be applicable to a large class of composite systems.
Three-Dimensional Axisymmetric Elastic Stresses in Intersections of
Hollow Sphere and Cylinders (Torsion, Tension and Internal
Pressure)
Authors: Kishida M. , Sasaki K. , Kawano M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The three-dimensional axisymmetric elastic stresses in the intersections of hollow sphere and cylinders, subjected to torsion, tension and internal pressure, is analyzed easily and accurately by use of the indirect fictitious-boundary integral method. As a result, the influence of configuration parameters (e.g., the mean diameter ratio and the thickness ratio of hollow sphere and cylinder, and the roundness of a corner of intersection) on stress concentration is made clear. Furthermore, the other results, such as one obtained by photoelastic experiment, are evaluated by the present results.
A Simple Specimen for the Determination of Elastic-Plastic Fracture
Mechanics Parameters on Hollow Cylinders
Authors: Roos E. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Functions have been derived for a linear-elastic fracture mechanics specimen of an arc-shape, which because of this shape, can be removed relatively easily from pipes or cylindrical components. These specimens can be used for determining crack resistance curves using the J-integral so that, even for thinner components, it is relatively simple to obtain crack growth laws with crack propagation direction over the wall thickness. The ductile fracture mechanics characteristics determined on arc-shaped specimens corresponds well with the values determined on side-grooved CT-25 specimens.
Behavior of Pressure-Induced Discontinuity Stresses at Elevated
Temperature
Authors: Becht C. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Conventional wisdom has been that discontinuity bending stresses at temperatures within the creep regime are self-limiting, and therefore secondary. A series of creep relaxation analyses were performed on typical discontinuities (junctions). The analyses show that, in general, discontinuity bending moment and stress due to pressure do not relax, but remain more or less constant with time. These stresses should therefore be evaluated as primary. A creep follow-up mechanism was identified that sustains the discontinuity stresses. The implications for design are discussed.
An Evaluation of Material Weight and Contained Fluid Volume for
Eccentric Intersecting Cylinders of Arbitrary Size
Authors: Chao Y. J. , Sutton M. A. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Engineering personnel in industries which use pressurized containment vessels having attached nozzles are required not only to design portions of the lifting mechanism, but also to estimate the fluid volume which the vessel and nozzles will contain; most designers use simplified formulas for computing the quantities of interest. Typically, these formulas are valid approximations when the nozzle diameter is much smaller than the vessel diameter. The enclosed work develops three single-integral expressions which can be programmed and numerically integrated to obtain accurate estimates for both the material volume and also the containment volume present in a pair of eccentrically, or concentrically, intersecting thin-walled cylinders of arbitrary diameters. A table of such values is presented for a wide range of values of the standard nozzle pipe diameter and vessel diameter, for the special case of a concentric nozzle. In addition, an example is presented which compares the numerically integrated values for both the material volume and the containment volume to simplified upper and lower-bound estimates.
Design, Assembly, and Inspection of Advanced U-Bend/Antivibration Bar
Configurations for PWR Steam Generators
Authors: Langford P. J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Tube vibration and wear potential in the U-bend region of pressurized water reactor (PWR) steam generators is reduced by enhanced design bases and fabrication procedures. Applicable vibration mechanisms are described and related to field experience to focus the development program which led to the enhancements. Technical bases were developed from flow-induced vibration tests and shaker tests in which the tube/antivibration bar (AVB) wear-producing forces and motions were characterized in terms of work rate. Fixtures to control weld shrinkage and instruments to measure tube/AVB fit-up were developed for fabrication. Assembly and application experience, including measurement of fabricated tube bundle/AVB fit-up, is summarized for several advanced steam generators. Implications for enhanced operating experience relative to conventional design configurations are noted.
Determination of the Fluid-Elastic Stability Threshold in the
Presence of Turbulence: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Lever J. H. , Rzentkowski G. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A model has been developed to examine the effect of the superposition of turbulent buffeting and fluid-elastic excitation on the response of a single flexible tube in an array exposed to cross-flow. The modeled response curves for a 1.375-pitch ratio parallel triangular array are compared with corresponding experimental data for the same array; reasonably good qualitative agreement is seen. Turbulence is shown to have a significant effect on the determination of the stability threshold for the array, with increasing turbulent buffeting causing a reduction in the apparent critical velocity. The dependence of turbulence response on mass ratio is also found to yield a slight independence between mass and damping parameters on stability threshold estimates, which may account for similar experimental findings. Different stability criteria are compared, and an attempt is made to provide some guidance in the interpretation of response curves from actual tests.
Boundary Element Method for Fluid-Structure Interaction Problems in
Liquid Storage Tanks
Authors: Hwang I.-T. , Ting K. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The dynamic response of liquid storage tank, including the hydrodynamic interactions, subjected to earthquake excitations is studied by the combinations of boundary element method and finite element procedure in this paper. The tank wall and inviscid fluid domain are treated as two substructures of the total system-coupled through the hydrodynamic pressures. The boundary element method is employed to determine the hydrodynamic pressures associated with small amplitude excitations and negligible surface wave effects in fluid domain which are expressed as the frequency-dependent terms related with the natural vibration modes of elastic tank alone. These terms are incorporated into the finite element formulation of elastic tank in frequency domain and the generalized displacements are computed by synthesizing their complex frequency response using Fast-Fourier Transform procedure. Thus, the hydrodynamic interactions between the elastic flexible tank wall and the fluid are then solved. To demonstrate the accuracy and validity of the solution procedure developed herein, numerical examples are analyzed. Good correlations between the computed results with the referenced solutions in literature can be noted. The effects of fluid compressibility and tank flexibility are also evaluated in this work. Finally, the dynamic response of liquid storage tank due to seismic excitations is also analyzed.
Shellside Waterflow-Induced Tube Vibration in Heat Exchanger
Configurations With Tube Pitch-to-Diameter Ratio of 1.42
Authors: Halle H. , Chenoweth J. M. , Wambsganss M. W. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The pitch-to-diameter ratio (P/D) of the tube layout in shell-and-tube heat exchangers is one of the major parameters with which the designer may control heat transfer and pressure drop and facilitate mechanical cleaning. As part of a comprehensive investigation of waterflow-induced tube vibration in an industrial-size research heat exchanger, various configurations characterized by different design parameters, including P/D ratio, had been investigated. To provide a comparison with previous data obtained with P/D = 1.25, this paper presents the results of a study of eight different tube bundle configurations with P/D = 1.42. Four equilaterally spaced tube layout patterns and two baffle edge orientations were investigated. The results indicate that the greater flow area of the P/D = 1.42 configuration increases flow penetration into the bundle, reduces the tube-to-tube vibration coupling and generally provides less well-defined, even though sometimes improved, fluidelastic instability thresholds.
Vibration of Tube Bundles in Two-Phase Cross-Flow: Part
2—Fluid-Elastic Instability
Authors: Pettigrew M. J. , Tromp J. H. , Taylor C. E. , Kim B. S. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
An extensive experimental program was carried out to study the vibration behavior of tube bundles subjected to two-phase cross-flow. Fluid-elastic instability is discussed in Part 2 of this series of three papers. Four tube bundle configurations were subjected to increasing flow up to the onset of fluid-elastic instability. The tests were done on bundles with all-flexible tubes and on bundles with one flexible tube surrounded by rigid tubes. Fluid-elastic instabilities have been observed for all tube bundles and all flow conditions. The critical flow velocity for fluid-elastic instability is significantly lower for the all-flexible tube bundles. The fluid-elastic instability behavior is different for intermittent flows than for continuous flow regimes such as bubbly or froth flows. For continuous flows, the observed instabilities satisfy the relationship V/fd = K(2πζm/ρd2)0.5 in which the minimum instability factor K was found to be around 4 for bundles of p/d = 1.47 and significantly less for p/d = 1.32. Design guidelines are recommended to avoid fluid-elastic instabilities in two-phase cross-flows.
Novel Human Gammapapillomavirus Species in a Nasal Swab
Authors: Phan Tung Gia , Vo Nguyen P. , Aronen Matti , Jartti Laura , Jartti Tuomas , Delwart Eric 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

A divergent human gammapapillomavirus (γ-HPV) genome in a nasal swab from an elderly Finnish patient with respiratory symptoms was genetically characterized. The L1 gene of HPV-Fin864 shared <70% nucleotide identity to other reported γ-HPV genomes, provisionally qualifying it as a new species in the
Gammapapillomavirus
genus.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Oxytetracycline-Producing Bacterium Streptomyces rimosus ATCC 10970
Authors: Pethick Florence E. , MacFadyen Alison C. , Tang Zhenyu , Sangal Vartul , Liu Tze-Tze , Chu Ju , Kosec Gregor , Petkovic Hrvoje , Guo Meijin , Kirby Ralph , Hoskisson Paul A. , Herron Paul R. , Hunter Iain S. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome of
Streptomyces rimosus
(ATCC 10970), a soil isolate that produces oxytetracycline, a commercially important and clinically useful antibiotic.
Whole-Genome Sequence of a Freshwater Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototroph,
Porphyrobacter
sp. Strain AAP82, Isolated from the Huguangyan Maar Lake in Southern China
Authors: Li Xiuling , Koblížek Michal , Feng Fuying , Li Yunxu , Jian Jichang , Zeng Yonghui 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

The
Porphyrobacter
genus (of the class
Alphaproteobacteria
) contains aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic species. Here we report a draft genome sequence of a freshwater bacterium,
Porphyrobacter
sp. strain AAP82. It contains a 38-kb-long photosynthesis gene cluster, but carbon-fixation genes are absent. The presence of respiratory enzymes, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the Entner-Doudoroff pathway demonstrates its aerobic photoorganotrophic character.
Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Strain E140, an ST71 European-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Isolate
Authors: Moodley Arshnee , Riley Matthew C. , Kania Stephen A. , Guardabassi Luca 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the first genome sequence of the methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
(MRSP) strain E140, isolated from a canine bite wound infection in Denmark. This strain represents the dominant clonal lineage associated with canine MRSP infections in Europe.
Complete Genome Sequence of Goose Tembusu Virus, Isolated from Jiangnan White Geese in Jiangsu, China
Authors: Han Kaikai , Huang Xinmei , Li Yin , Zhao Dongmin , Liu Yuzhuo , Zhou Xiaobo , You Yuan , Xie Xingxing 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
Avian tembusu virus (TMUV), which was first identified in eastern China, is an emerging virus causing serious economic losses in the Chinese poultry industry. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of goose tembusu virus strain JS804, isolated from Jiangnan white geese with severe neurological signs. The genome of JS804 is 10,990 nucleotides (nt) in length and contains a single open reading frame encoding a putative polyprotein of 3,425 amino acids. Research of the whole sequence of tembusu virus will help us to understand further the molecular and evolutionary characteristics and pathogenesis of this virus.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Canine-Origin H3N2 Feline Influenza Virus Isolated from Domestic Cats in South Korea
Authors: Park Seong-Jun , Kang Bo-Kyu , Jeoung Hye-Young , Moon Hyoung-Joon , Hong Minki , Na Woonseong , Park Bong-Kyun , Poo Haryoung , Kim Jeong-Ki , An Dong-Jun , Song Dae-Sub 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
A canine-origin Korean H3N2 feline influenza virus (FIV), A/feline/Korea/01/2010 (H3N2), was isolated in 2010 from a dead cat with severe respiratory disease. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of this virus, containing 3′ and 5′ noncoding regions, which will help elucidate the molecular basis of the pathogenesis, transmission, and evolution of FIV.
Developing Safety Criteria for Introducing New Agents into Neoadjuvant Trials
Authors: DeMichele Angela , Berry Donald A. , Zujewski JoAnne , Hunsberger Sally , Rubinstein Larry , Tomaszewski Joseph E. , Kelloff Gary , Perlmutter Jane , Buxton Meredith , Lyandres Julia , Albain Kathy S. , Benz Chris , Jo Chien A. , Haluska Paul , Leyland-Jones Brian , Liu Minetta C. , Munster Pamela , Olopade Olufunmilayo , Park John W. , Parker Barbara A. , Pusztai Lajos , Tripathy Debu , Rugo Hope , Yee Douglas , Esserman Laura 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
New approaches to drug development are critically needed to lessen the time, cost, and resources necessary to identify and optimize active agents. Strategies to accelerate drug development include testing drugs earlier in the disease process, such as the neoadjuvant setting. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued guidance designed to accelerate drug approval through the use of neoadjuvant studies in which the surrogate short-term endpoint, pathologic response, can be used to identify active agents and shorten the time to approval of both efficacious drugs and biomarkers identifying patients most likely to respond. However, this approach has unique challenges. In particular, issues of patient safety are paramount, given the exposure of potentially curable patients to investigational agents with limited safety experience. Key components to safe drug development in the neoadjuvant setting include defining a study population at sufficiently poor prognosis with standard therapy to justify exposure to investigational agents, defining the extent and adequacy of safety data from phase I, detecting potentially harmful interactions between investigational and standard therapies, improving study designs, such as adaptive strategies, that limit patient exposure to ineffective agents, and intensifying safety monitoring in the course of the trial. The I-SPY2 trial is an example of a phase II neoadjuvant trial of novel agents for breast cancer in which these issues have been addressed, both in the design and conduct of the trial. These adaptations of phase II design enable acceleration of drug development by reducing time and cost to screen novel therapies for activity without compromising safety. Clin Cancer Res; 19(11); 2817–23. ©2013 AACR.
TYK2–STAT1–BCL2 Pathway Dependence in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Sanda Takaomi , Tyner Jeffrey W. , Gutierrez Alejandro , Ngo Vu N. , Glover Jason , Chang Bill H. , Yost Arla , Ma Wenxue , Fleischman Angela G. , Zhou Wenjun , Yang Yandan , Kleppe Maria , Ahn Yebin , Tatarek Jessica , Kelliher Michelle A. , Neuberg Donna S. , Levine Ross L. , Moriggl Richard , Müller Mathias , Gray Nathanael S. , Jamieson Catriona H.M. , Weng Andrew P. , Staudt Louis M. , Druker Brian J. , Look A. Thomas 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Targeted molecular therapy has yielded remarkable outcomes in certain cancers, but specific therapeutic targets remain elusive for many others. As a result of two independent RNA interference (RNAi) screens, we identified pathway dependence on a member of the Janus-activated kinase (JAK) tyrosine kinase family, TYK2, and its downstream effector STAT1, in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Gene knockdown experiments consistently showed TYK2 dependence in both T-ALL primary specimens and cell lines, and a small-molecule inhibitor of JAK activity induced T-ALL cell death. Activation of this TYK2–STAT1 pathway in T-ALL cell lines occurs by gain-of-function TYK2 mutations or activation of interleukin (IL)-10 receptor signaling, and this pathway mediates T-ALL cell survival through upregulation of the antiapoptotic protein BCL2. These findings indicate that in many T-ALL cases, the leukemic cells are dependent upon the TYK2–STAT1–BCL2 pathway for continued survival, supporting the development of molecular therapies targeting TYK2 and other components of this pathway.
Significance: In recent years, “pathway dependence” has been revealed in specific types of human cancer, which can be important because they pinpoint proteins that are particularly vulnerable to antitumor-targeted inhibition (so-called Achilles' heel proteins). Here, we use RNAi technology to identify a novel oncogenic pathway that involves aberrant activation of the TYK2 tyrosine kinase and its downstream substrate, STAT1, which ultimately promotes T-ALL cell survival through the upregulation of BCL2 expression. Cancer Discov; 3(5); 564–77. ©2013 AACR.
See related commentary by Fontan and Melnick, p. 494
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 471
Endogenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator Enhances Fibrinolysis and Limits Thrombus Formation in a Clinical Model of Thrombosis
Authors: Lucking Andrew J. , Gibson Kyle R. , Paterson Elspeth E. , Faratian Dana , Ludlam Christopher A. , Boon Nicholas A. , Fox Keith A.A. , Newby David E. 
Published: March 2013

Objective—
Using a clinical model of deep arterial injury, we assessed the ability of exogenous and endogenous tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) to limit acute in situ thrombus formation.

Approach and Results—

Ex vivo thrombus formation was assessed in the Badimon chamber at low and high shear rates in 2 double-blind randomized cross-over studies of 20 healthy volunteers during extracorporeal administration of recombinant t-PA (0, 40, 200, and 1000 ng/mL) or during endogenous t-PA release stimulated by intra-arterial bradykinin infusion in the presence or absence of oral enalapril. Recombinant t-PA caused a dose-dependent reduction in thrombus area under low and high shear conditions (
P
<0.001 for all). Intra-arterial bradykinin increased plasma t-PA concentrations in the chamber effluent (
P
<0.01 for all versus saline) that was quadrupled in the presence of enalapril (
P
<0.0001 versus placebo). These increases were accompanied by an increase in plasma D-dimer concentration (
P
<0.005 for all versus saline) and, in the presence of enalapril, a reduction in thrombus area in the low shear (16±5;
P
=0.03) and a trend toward a reduction in the high shear chamber (13±7%;
P
=0.07).

Conclusions—
Using a well-characterized clinical model of coronary arterial injury, we demonstrate that endogenous t-PA released from the vascular endothelium enhances fibrinolysis and limits in situ thrombus propagation. These data support a crucial role for the endogenous fibrinolytic system in vivo and suggest that continued exploration and manipulation of its therapeutic potential are warranted.