bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Including significant others in psychological therapy with people with intellectual disabilities: A national survey of the practice of UK psychologists
Authors: Surley Laura , Dagnan Dave , Lawson Kate , Jahoda Andrew 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundTalking therapy for people with intellectual disabilities is often specifically adapted. One adaptation is the involvement of significant others in therapy, however, there is no systematic description of the use of this adaptation in routine clinical practice.MethodAn online survey of UK psychologists regarding the inclusion of significant others in individual therapy with people with intellectual disabilities. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsNinety‐five psychologists who work with people with intellectual disabilities provided responses to questions regarding the decision to include significant others in therapy, factors that make including significant others more or less likely and how the role of significant others is explained to them.ConclusionsPsychologists consider a range of factors in deciding the involvement of significant others. We discuss implications for training of therapists working with people with intellectual disabilities, issues of consent and how the roles of significant others are understood.
Validation of GenProb‐T1D and its clinical utility for differentiating types of diabetes in a biobank from a US healthcare system
Authors: Billings Liana K. , Shi Zhuqing , Mulford Ashley J. , Wei Jun , Tran Huy , Ashworth Annabelle , Zheng S. Lilly , Dunnenberger Henry M. , Hulick Peter J. , Sanders Alan R. , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAtypical diabetes with overlapping clinical features of type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) is common and challenging diagnostically and for implementing effective treatment. Here, we validate a recently reported genetic probability of type 1 diabetes (GenProb‐T1D) from the UK Biobank (UKB) for differentiating type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes in a diabetes patient cohort from a healthcare system‐based biobank in the USA. Among 3,363 diabetes patients, we confirmed the performance of GenProb‐T1D in differentiating typical type 1 diabetes vs type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, for 359 atypical diabetes patients, those with GenProb‐T1D higher than the pre‐defined cutoff derived from the UKB had clinical presentations more consistent with that of typical type 1 diabetes. Similar findings were found in participants of European and non‐European ancestries. This study provides necessary validation to translate GenProb‐T1D into genetic testing in a multi‐ancestry cohort. Measuring underlying genetic susceptibility of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes can supplement current clinical tools for earlier and more accurate diagnoses of diabetes.
Formed in context: A mixed‐methods study of medical students' mindsets in an Eastern culture
Authors: Tan Jiaxi , Li Honghe , Zhang Pingmei , Hirsh David A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionMindsets have become an important focus in the fields of social and cognitive psychology. When holding a growth mindset, people appear more likely to engage in hard work and effort to foster success, seeing setbacks as necessary for learning. When holding a fixed mindset, in contrast, people tend to believe success comes from innate ability, seeing setbacks as evidence of inability. As such, mindsets affect students' learning, resilience and personal development. There is little empirical evidence, however, regarding how medical students perceive mindsets and the fundamental determinants of mindset formation, especially in non‐Western contexts. This study investigated medical students' mindsets and perceptions of mindset formation with the aim of broadening the cross‐cultural understanding of self‐theories.MethodsUsing a convergent mixed‐methods approach at a medical school in China, the authors conducted a survey and four focus groups with medical students in first to third years. Quantitatively, we used the Dweck Mindset Scale to describe medical students' mindsets in the domains of intelligence and talent. Qualitatively, we analysed focus group data using a grounded theory approach to develop a descriptive model.ResultsSurvey results included 464 responses for quantitative analysis. Multivariable regression found that Year 3 students had more fixed mindsets for intelligence and talent (p < 0.05) compared with Year 1 students. Rural students reported a more mixed mindset for intelligence compared to urban students (p < 0.05). Qualitative analysis of focus group data yielded four major categories: beliefs about mindsets, conceptualization of mindsets, achievement motivation and source of mindset formation. We developed a Mindset Basis Model to depict connections among the factors students perceived to influence mindset formation—intra‐ and interindividual factors; contextual factors; and micro‐, meso‐ and macro‐system factors—and students' motivation regarding achievement.ConclusionThe study describes medical students' mindsets for the domains of intelligence and talent and explores how they conceptualised these mindsets. The findings indicate that factors influencing mindsets do not operate in isolation but through intricate interactions among multilevel factors embedded within a context.
Effect of narrative photography to improve physical therapy students' learning outcomes when studying heart transplantation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Marques‐Sule Elena , Sempere‐Rubio Nuria , Gómez‐Ibáñez Rebeca , Leyva‐Moral Juan Manuel , Mestres‐Soler Olga , Muñoz‐Gómez Elena 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhysical therapy students must learn about heart transplantation. They need to know how to care for these patients' emotions and needs. The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a narrative photography (NP) program and a traditional learning (TL) program in physical therapy students' knowledge, satisfaction, empathy, and moral sensitivity. A two‐armed assessor‐blinded randomized controlled trial was carried out. One hundred and seventeen physical therapy students participated in the study. They were divided into two groups: (i) NP group (n = 56) and (ii) TL group (n = 61). At the end of the program, NP group's knowledge increased when compared with the TL group (p = 0.02). 90.57% of the sample was very satisfied/satisfied with the NP method, and 88.68% felt that NP helped them to understand the importance of considering subjective realities. In conclusion, NP improved knowledge and satisfaction compared with the TL group. These results suggest that NP may be a useful method to improve the academic outcomes of physical therapy students in the heart transplantation field; thus, NP may be considered a teaching–learning methodology of choice in physical therapy students.
The root microlandscape of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Mony Cendrine , Vannier Nathan , Burel Françoise , Ernoult Aude , Vandenkoornhuyse Philippe 
Published: August 2024

SummaryUnderstanding the drivers of assemblages of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is essential to leverage the benefits of AMF for plant growth and health. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are heterogeneously distributed in space even at small scale. We review the role of plant distribution in driving AMF assemblages (the passenger hypothesis), using a transposition of the conceptual framework of landscape ecology. Because rooting systems correspond to habitat patches with limited carrying capacity that differ in quality due to host‐preference effects, we suggest considering plant communities as mosaics of AMF microhabitats. We review how predictions from landscape ecology apply to plant community effects on AMF, and the existing evidence that tests these predictions. Although many studies have been conducted on the effect of plant compositional heterogeneity on AMF assemblages, they mostly focused on the effect of plant richness, while only a few investigated the effect of configurational heterogeneity, plant connectivity or plant community temporal dynamics. We propose key predictions and future prospects to fill these gaps. Considering plant communities as landscapes extends the passenger hypothesis by including a spatially explicit dimension and its associated ecological processes and may help understand and manipulate AMF assemblages at small spatial scales.
Plant antagonistic facilitation across environmental gradients: a soil‐resource ecosystem engineering model
Authors: Cabal Ciro , Maciel Gabriel A. , Martinez‐Garcia Ricardo 
Published: August 2024

Summary

Theory questions the persistence of nonreciprocal interactions in which one plant has a positive net effect on a neighbor that, in return, has a negative net impact on its benefactor – a phenomenon known as antagonistic facilitation.

We develop a spatially explicit consumer‐resource model for belowground plant competition between ecosystem engineers, plants able to mine resources and make them available for any other plant in the community, and exploiters. We use the model to determine in what environmental conditions antagonistic facilitation via soil‐resource engineering emerges as an optimal strategy.

Antagonistic facilitation emerges in stressful environments where ecosystem engineers' self‐benefits from mining resources outweigh the competition with opportunistic neighbors. Among all potential causes of stress considered in the model, the key environmental parameter driving changes in the interaction between plants is the proportion of the resource that becomes readily available for plant consumption in the absence of any mining activity.

Our results align with theories of primary succession and the stress gradient hypothesis. However, we find that the total root biomass and its spatial allocation through the root system, often used to measure the sign of the interaction between plants, do not predict facilitation reliably.
Against Adoption‐Based Objections to Procreation
Authors: Hill Scott 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany philosophers and members of the public think it is wrong to procreate. If one wants children, it is permissible to adopt. But procreation is allegedly impermissible because there is some respect in which adoption is better than procreation. There are two prominent variants of such objections. First, we have a duty to help others. Adopting a child from a poor country satisfies that duty. But procreation does not. Second, adding another person to a wealthy nation through procreation contributes to climate change. But adopting does not. I show that such objections are unsound.
The Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act at 50: A mid‐life crisis
Authors: Joyce Philip 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act was passed 50 years ago to put the Congress on a more equal footing with the President. The law has controlled Presidential impoundments, but the budget process has gotten less timely. It has enabled the Congress to articulate a different fiscal path than the President, but the budget resolution has degenerated into a vehicle for political messaging. Its most significant results have been the use of reconciliation for major policy changes and the establishment and ascendency of the Congressional Budget Office as the main source of credible information on the federal budget.
Self‐enforcing path dependent trajectories? A comparison of the implementation of the EU energy packages in Germany and the Netherlands
Authors: Fink Simon , Ruffing Eva , Maschlanka Luisa , Lüken genannt Klaßen Hermann 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSince the 1990s, the EU has attempted to create a common electricity market. However, EU legislators are unsatisfied by the results. We argue that differentiated implementation of directives over time creates path dependencies that entrench national differences. The actor constellation of parties and incumbent operators at the beginning of the liberalization path determines how well countries implement liberalizing directives. The implementation, in turn, changes the actor constellation for the next directive, increasing or decreasing the institutional power of incumbents. We illustrate our argument analyzing the implementation of the first three energy market packages in Germany and the Netherlands. Both countries had similar electricity markets at the beginning of market liberalization, but their actor constellation was slightly different. German implementation gradually strengthened vertically integrated utilities, while Dutch implementation dismantled these utilities through unbundling. These paths became self‐reinforcing, counteracting European harmonization efforts.
Oil rents shocks and corruption in Iran
Authors: Farzanegan Mohammad Reza , Zamani Reza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe investigate the response of the news‐based corruption reflection index to positive shocks in oil rents in Iran. Using annual data spanning from 1962 to 2019, we employ the vector autoregressive model and analyze generalized impulse responses. Our findings reveal a statistically significant and positive (increasing) response of corruption to positive oil rent shocks. The primary mechanisms through which this relationship operates encompass inflation, increased military expenditures, and the erosion of democratic institutions. Our results demonstrate robustness when subjected to alternative corruption measurements, and when considering the role of internal conflict. The outcomes remain consistent regardless of the variable order in the estimation process. Additionally, we offer context from Iran and expound on clientelism in public investment projects, providing insight into how oil rents may contribute to corruption.
A two‐layered, analytically‐tractable, atmospheric model applied to Earth, Mars, and Titan with sources
Authors: Yoerger Edward J. , Puri Ashok 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work utilizes an analytic expression for a model of acoustic propagation in a two‐layered, inhomogeneous atmosphere developed by the authors. The model is used to study the atmospheres of Earth, Mars, and Titan. In particular, vertical wave propagation in these atmospheres is studied. The effect(s) of a two‐layered, inhomogeneous atmosphere on vertical, acoustic propagation due to a time‐harmonic, point source are examined. An adiabatic atmosphere is used for the bottom layer (troposphere) and an isothermal one for the top (stratosphere). The derived, analytic solution is expressed in terms of the acoustic pressure fluctuations. For the adiabatic layers, the solutions satisfy Bessel's equation for orders of , and for Earth, Mars, and Titan, respectively. The Bessel function's argument is , where and are dimensionless frequency and height, respectively. For the isothermal layer, the solution represents a damped, harmonic oscillator with a cutoff value of . Only values greater than are considered. The analysis and results are reported for combinations of single‐ and double‐layer atmospheres in the presence of a source on given boundaries. Acoustic propagation and transmission loss results are shown and discussed for all three planetary bodies: Earth, Mars, and Titan.
Approximations of the Helmholtz equation with variable wave number in one dimension
Authors: Mitsoudis Dimitrios A. , Plexousakis Michael , Makrakis George N. , Makridakis Charalambos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work is devoted to the numerical solution of the Helmholtz equation with variable wave number and including a point source in appropriately truncated infinite domains. Motivated by a two‐dimensional model, we formulate a simplified one‐dimensional model. We study its well posedness via wave number explicit stability estimates and prove convergence of the finite element approximations. As a proof of concept, we present the outcome of some numerical experiments for various wave number configurations. Our experiments indicate that the introduction of the artificial boundary near the source and the associated boundary condition lead to an efficient model that accurately captures the wave propagation features.
Association of partial infections with the risk of psoriasis: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lu Minghui , Gao Changyong , Zhang Runtian , Yuan Lingling , Chen Xi , Zhang Boping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAs a common chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease, psoriasis is characterized by erythema and scaly skin lesions, with infection as an integral part of the pathogenesis of many diseases. Many previous cases reported the impact of psoriasis on infection. However, the existing research fails to completely clarify the infection factors associated with the potential of these diseases and causality.Materials and methodsThirteen kinds of pathogens and their immune responses and psoriasis in the phenotype of 46 species of SNPs data were respectively obtained from the GWAS catalog database and the UK biobank database. With the help of R software, three methods of inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median (WME), and MR‐Egger regression were used to analyze the causality of the dataset.ResultsAccording to the results of IVW analysis, there is a causal relationship between anti‐Epstein Barr virus antibody and psoriasis (OR: 1.003, 95% CI: 1.001∼1.006, P = 0.046) with a positive correlation.ConclusionBased on the results of MR analysis, there is a causal relationship between psoriasis and EBV infection, which indicates that EBV infection can increase the risk or severity of psoriasis. Therefore, in clinical scenarios, patients afflicted with psoriasis should be prevented from contracting the infection and recurrence of EBV as well as symptoms of psoriasis. The underlying immunological mechanism also provides a new perspective for experimental research.
“Someone to talk to”: A qualitative study of oncology trainees' experience of mentorship around moral distress
Authors: Preti Beatrice T. B. , Wood Sarah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundMoral distress is an intrinsic part of healthcare, particularly prevalent in oncology practitioners. Previous studies have suggested mentorship may play a role in combatting moral distress; however, there is a lack of good evidence aimed at understanding trainees' experience with either mentorship or moral distress, including the intersection between the two.MethodsWe conducted a single‐centre study in the hermeneutic phenomenological approach at a Canadian academic cancer centre. Six semi‐structured interviews with senior oncology trainees were conducted and analysed according to the interpretive profiles hermeneutic phenomenological approach.Findings/resultsKey findings include the idea that trainees do find mentorship valuable and helpful in navigating moral distress, which is described as common and inevitable, with a number of triggers and factors identified. However, a mentorship relationship must involve mutual respect, understanding, and honesty in order to be valuable. Additionally, engaging in open, honest discussions with mentors, particularly more senior individuals, is seen as a risk–benefit balance by trainees; vertical mentors bring more wisdom and experience, but may also have a greater impact on a trainee's future.ConclusionThis thought‐provoking study highlights mentorship as a potential method to combat the troubling phenomenon of moral distress in oncology trainees.
Assessment of Rotordynamic Characteristics for Two Types of Damper Seals Operating in a Steam Turbine
Authors: Li Zhigang , Zhang Zihan , Li Jun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Damper seals (such as pocket damper seal (PDS), hole-pattern/honeycomb damper seals) and swirl brakes have been commonly used for many years as a solution for the rotor vibration instability in multiple-stage centrifugal compressor. However, there are few literatures focusing on the application assessment of damper seals and swirl brakes in high-pressure steam turbines. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment and comparison on the rotordynamic characteristics of a staggered labyrinth seal (LABY), a fully partitioned pocket damper seal (FPDS), and a hole-pattern damper seal (HPS), used as the balance piston seal in a 150 MW 3000 rpm multistage single casing steam turbine. The staggered labyrinth seal is an original seal scheme where the steam turbine experienced strong subsynchronous rotordynamic instability, preventing full load operation of the machine. The fully partitioned pocket damper seal and the hole-pattern damper seal were designed (the same sealing clearance, inner diameter and axial length) to increase the rotor net damping and eliminate the subsynchronous vibration. The straight swirl brake device also was implemented at seal entrance as a solution scheme to reduce the swirl velocity and enhance the seal net damping capability at high inlet preswirl condition (inlet preswirl ratio is 0.5). Numerical results of seal rotordynamic force coefficients, cavity pressure, and swirl velocity developments were presented and discussed, using a proposed transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based perturbation method based on the multiple-frequency elliptical-orbit rotor whirling model. Results show that although the HPS seal and the FPDS seal both produce the obviously larger effective damping and the similar lower crossover frequency than the LABY seal, from a rotordynamic view, the FPDS seal scheme with entrance swirl brake is better for the present steam turbine due to the relatively larger effective damping and smaller direct stiffness, as a replacement scheme of the original staggered labyrinth seal, to resolve the subsynchronous vibration instability and allow full load operation of the steam turbine.
No Impact of Anthropometric and Fitness Factors on Speed–Agility in Young Soccer Players: Is It a Cognitive Influence?
Authors: Giuriato Matteo , Carnevale Pellino Vittoria , Kawczyński Adam , Talpey Scott W. , Lovecchio Nicola 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Agility in young soccer players has long been associated with physical attributes like strength, speed, and power. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between cognitive factors and agility performance in this unique population. Methods: 39 young soccer players age 13.56 (SD 0.58) years were assessed for leg-muscle function (jump tests) and maturation status (peak height velocity). The Y-Agility Test, which included decision making in players, was used to measure performance. Cognitive factors such as perceptual skills and decision making were evaluated with the Y-Agility Test. Results: The linear regression showed an absence of significance between the Y-Agility Test and drop-jump contact (P = .283), Y-Agility Test and drop-jump flight (P = .185), Y-Agility Test and squat jump (P = .868), and Y-Agility Test and countermovement jump (P = .310). The linear mixed-model analyses suggested a difference between early-average maturers (P = .009) and early-late maturers (P = .005) but did not show a difference between average-late subjects (P = 1.000). Drop-jump flight did not show a difference in maturation (early-average P = 1.000; early-late P = 1.000; average P = 1.000). Squat-jump performance did not demonstrate any significance (early-average P = .618; early-late P = 1.000; P = 1.000). Countermovement-jump performance did not show any significance (early-average P = 1.000; early-late P = 1.000; average-late P = .492). Finally, agility performance does not show any significance between maturation levels (early-average maturer P = .450; early-late P = 1.000; average-late P = .830). Conclusion: Agility in young soccer players appears to follow a nonlinear trajectory, with cognitive factors possibly playing a more significant role than previously thought.