bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the Impact of Solar Flares on the Martian Atmospheric Emissions in the Dayside Near‐Terminator Region: Case Studies
Authors: Ram Lot , Sharma Ritika , Rout Diptiranjan , Rathi Rahul , Sarkhel Sumanta 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSolar transient events like flares can cause sudden changes in planetary plasma and neutral environment. However, there is less understanding about their impact on the Martian emissions. Here, we present an investigation of the variability of the Martian atmospheric emissions, viz. OI 130.4 nm, 135.6 nm, CO2+ ultraviolet doublet (UVD), and CO Cameron band (CB) in the dayside near‐terminator region during solar flare events. The two X8.2 and M6 class flares during September 2017 on Mars have been selected from existing catalogs. Using data from the imaging ultraviolet spectrograph aboard the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN spacecraft, we examined limb radiance profiles. We observed a significant increase in peak radiance (∼130–140 km) for major emissions with a more pronounced impact beneath the emissions peak during flares compared to quiet time. During solar flares, for 130.4 and 135.6 nm emission, the maximum deviation in radiance beneath peak approaches ∼63% and ∼123%, respectively. Whereas, for CO2+ UVD and CO CB, it is ∼64% and ∼50%, respectively. Additionally, we have presented an average scenario of the dayside near‐terminator (solar zenith angle ∼ 70–90°) and observed a notable trend of higher percentage deviation for atomic emissions compared to molecular emissions during flares. Further, our analysis depicts a higher percentage deviation during X8.2 compared to the M6 class flare. This study underscores that during flares, higher irradiance flux and photoelectron impact drive the airglow production processes, leading to enhanced emissions. The case studies offer a novel insight into the significant influence of the varying solar flares intensities on planetary atmospheric emissions.
Ter‐Diurnal Atmospheric Tide on Mars
Authors: Leino Joonas , Harri Ari‐Matti , Wilson Robert John , Banfield Don , Lemmon Mark , Paton Mark , Rodriguez‐Manfredi Jose‐Antonio , Savijärvi Hannu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCyclic absorption of solar radiation generates oscillations in atmospheric fields. These oscillations are called atmospheric or thermal tides, which are furthermore modified by topography and surface properties. This leads to a complex mix of sun‐synchronous and non‐sun‐synchronous tides that propagate around the planet eastward and westward. This study focuses on analyzing the ter‐diurnal component (period of 8 hr) from surface pressure observations by Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), InSight, Viking Lander (VL) 1, and VL2. General Circulation Model (GCM) results are used to provide a global context for interpreting the observed ter‐diurnal tide properties. MSL and InSight have a clear and similar seasonal cycle, with local amplitude peaks at around solar longitude (Ls) 60°, Ls 130°, and Ls 320°. The amplitude peak at Ls 320° is related to the annual dust storm, while the Ls 230° dust storm is not detected by either platforms. During global dust storms, MSL, VL1, and VL2 detect their highest amplitudes. The GCM predicts the weakest amplitudes at the equinoxes, while the strongest ones are predicted in summer for both hemispheres. GCM amplitudes tend to differ from the observations but match slightly better around the aphelion season. During this time, model results suggest that the two most prominent modes are the sun‐synchronous ter‐diurnal tide and an eastward propagating resonantly enhanced Kelvin wave. Simulations with and without the effect of radiative heating by water ice clouds indicate the clouds may play a significant role in forcing the ter‐diurnal tide during northern hemisphere summer season.
Rates of Evacuation of Bedload Sediment From an Alpine Glacier Control Proglacial Stream Morphodynamics
Authors: Mancini D. , Roncoroni M. , Dietze M. , Jenkin M. , Müller T. , Ouvry B. , Miesen F. , Pythoud Q. , Hofmann M. , Lardet F. , Nicholas A. P. , Lane S. N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractProglacial forefields commonly include highly dynamic fluvial systems associated with the fundamental instability between topography, flow hydraulics and sediment transport. However, there is limited knowledge of how these systems respond to changing subglacial hydrology and sediment supply. We investigated this relationship using the first continuous field‐collected data sets for both suspended and bedload sediment export and proglacial river dynamics for an Alpine glacier forefield, the Glacier d’Otemma, Switzerland. The results show a strong sensitivity of fluvial morphodynamics to the balance between sediment transport capacity and supply. When subglacial bedload export rates exceeded fluvial transport capacity, we found bar construction leading to net forefield aggradation and surficial coarsening, especially on bar heads. This intensified braiding buffered the downstream transport of coarse sediment. When subglacial bedload export rates were lower than transport capacity, incision occurred, with reduced braiding intensity, net erosion and important amounts of bedload leaving the proglacial system. We found a net fining of surficial deposits except for very isolated coarsening patterns on bar heads. Thus, proglacial forefield morphodynamics are strongly conditioned by subglacial hydrology and sediment supply, but this conditioning is also influenced by the response of the forefield itself. Proglacial forefields have an important influence on the longitudinal connectivity of sediment flux in regions sensitive to climate change, such as recently deglaciated high mountain areas. The linkages we report between subglacial processes and river morphodynamics are critical for understanding the development of embryonic forefield ecosystems.
Slip Distribution Along the Chenghai Fault From Airborne LiDAR and Tectonic Implications for the 1515 Yongsheng Earthquake, China
Authors: Ji Haomin , Ren Zhikun , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Bai Mingkun , Bao Guodong , Liu Jinrui , Ha Guanghao , He Zhongtai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe tectonic deformation of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau underwent significant changes before and after the Miocene, which led to the change of the deformation characteristics of the Sichuan‐Yunnan block, and some local areas in the block also showed structural patterns inconsistent with the macroscopic clockwise rotation deformation. Moreover, the Chenghai fault (CF) in the Sichuan‐Yunnan block was the seismogenic fault of the M 73/4 Yongsheng earthquake in 1515. However, the dense vegetation impeded the acquisition of surface deformation characteristics and small‐scale horizontal offsets along the fault, resulting in its misty kinematic properties, roughly determined geometric distribution, and the highly controversial rupture parameters of the Yongsheng earthquake. Therefore, we used airborne light detection and ranging, which can penetrate vegetation to obtain high‐resolution surface topography, to map the CF within 120 km. Combined with satellite images and field investigations, we determined that the CF consists of a series of secondary faults with simple geometric structures. Continuous offset linear landforms were preserved along the fault. 102 offsets below 30 m were statistically analyzed and the result revealed that the CF has a characteristic displacement of ∼6 m and it may rupture as a united rupture segment in each large earthquake or its two rupture segments cascade rupture to generate large earthquakes. The magnitude of the Yongsheng earthquake in 1515 was estimated at 7.7. Finally, based on this study, the kinematic characteristics of the Dali terrane and Sichuan‐Yunnan block, where the CF is located are discussed.
Comparison of the rate of healthcare encounters for influenza from source-specific PM2.5 before and after tier 3 vehicle standards in New York state
Authors: Croft Daniel P. , Utell Mark J. , Hopke Philip K. , Liu Han , Lin Shao , Thurston Sally W. , Thandra Sathvik , Chen Yunle , Islam Md Rayhanul , Thevenet-Morrison Kelly , Johnston Carl J. , Zhao Tianming , Yount Catherine , Rich David Q. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Influenza healthcare encounters in adults associated with specific sources of PM2.5 is an area of active research.

Objective
Following 2017 legislation requiring reductions in emissions from light-duty vehicles, we hypothesized a reduced rate of influenza healthcare encounters would be associated with concentrations of PM2.5 from traffic sources in the early implementation period of this regulation (2017–2019).

Methods
We used the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) to study adult patients hospitalized (N = 5328) or treated in the emergency department (N = 18,247) for influenza in New York State. Using a modified case-crossover design, we estimated the excess rate (ER) of influenza hospitalizations and emergency department visits associated with interquartile range increases in source-specific PM2.5 concentrations (e.g., spark-ignition emissions [GAS], biomass burning [BB], diesel [DIE]) in lag day(s) 0, 0–3 and 0–6. We then evaluated whether ERs differed after Tier 3 implementation (2017–2019) compared to the period prior to implementation (2014–2016).

Results
Each interquartile range increase in DIE in lag days 0–6 was associated with a 21.3% increased rate of influenza hospitalization (95% CI: 6.9, 37.6) in the 2014–2016 period, and a 6.3% decreased rate (95% CI: −12.7, 0.5) in the 2017–2019 period. The GAS/influenza excess rates were larger in the 2017–2019 period than the 2014–2016 period for emergency department visits. We also observed a larger ER associated with increased BB in the 2017–2019 period compared to the 2014–2016 period.

Impact statement
We present an accountability study on the impact of the early implementation period of the Tier 3 vehicle emission standards on the association between specific sources of PM2.5 air pollution on influenza healthcare encounters in New York State. We found that the association between gasoline emissions and influenza healthcare encounters did not lessen in magnitude between periods, possibly because the emissions standards were not yet fully implemented. The reduction in the rates of influenza healthcare encounters associated with diesel emissions may be reflective of past policies to reduce the toxicity of diesel emissions. Accountability studies can help policy makers and environmental scientists better understand the timing of pollution changes and associated health effects.
Ancestral genetic components are consistently associated with the complex trait landscape in European biobanks
Authors: Pankratov Vasili , Mezzavilla Massimo , Aneli Serena , Kuznetsov Ivan A. , Fusco Daniela , Wilson James F. , Metspalu Mait , Provero Paolo , Pagani Luca , Marnetto Davide 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe genetic structure in Europe was mostly shaped by admixture between the Western Hunter-Gatherers, Early European Farmers and Steppe Bronze Age ancestral components. Such structure is regarded as a confounder in GWAS and follow-up studies, and gold-standard methods exist to correct for it. However, it is still poorly understood to which extent these ancestral components contribute to complex trait variation in present-day Europe. In this work we harness the UK Biobank to address this question. By extensive demographic simulations, exploiting data on siblings and incorporating previous results we obtained from the Estonian Biobank, we carefully evaluate the significance and scope of our findings. Heart rate, platelet count, bone mineral density and many other traits show stratification similar to height and pigmentation traits, likely targets of selection and divergence across ancestral groups. We show that the reported ancestry-trait associations are not driven by environmental confounders by confirming our results when using between-sibling differences in ancestry. The consistency of our results across biobanks further supports this and indicates that these genetic predispositions that derive from post-Neolithic admixture events act as a source of variability and as potential confounders in Europe as a whole.
Unpacking the notion of “serious” genetic conditions: towards implementation in reproductive decision-making?
Authors: Kleiderman Erika , Boardman Felicity , Newson Ainsley J. , Laberge Anne-Marie , Knoppers Bartha Maria , Ravitsky Vardit 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The notion of a “serious” genetic condition is commonly used in clinical contexts, laws, and policies to define and delineate both the permissibility of and, access to, reproductive genomic technologies. Yet, the notion lacks conceptual and operational clarity, which can lead to its inconsistent appraisal and application. A common understanding of the relevant considerations of “serious” is lacking. This article addresses this conceptual gap. We begin by outlining existing distinctions around the notion of “serious” that will factor into its appraisal and need to be navigated, in the context of prenatal testing and the use of reproductive genomic technologies. These include tensions between clinical care and population health; the impact of categorizing a condition as “serious”; and the role of perception of quality of life. We then propose a set of four core dimensions and four procedural elements that can serve as a conceptual tool to prompt a mapping of the features of seriousness in any given context. Ultimately, consideration of these core dimensions and procedural elements may lead to improvements in the quality and consistency of decision-making where the seriousness of a genetic condition is a pivotal component at both a policy and practice level.
Acoustofluidic-based therapeutic apheresis system
Authors: Wu Mengxi , Ma Zhiteng , Xu Xianchen , Lu Brandon , Gu Yuyang , Yoon Janghoon , Xia Jianping , Ma Zhehan , Upreti Neil , Anwar Imran J. , Knechtle Stuart J. , T. Chambers Eileen , Kwun Jean , Lee Luke P. , Huang Tony Jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTherapeutic apheresis aims to selectively remove pathogenic substances, such as antibodies that trigger various symptoms and diseases. Unfortunately, current apheresis devices cannot handle small blood volumes in infants or small animals, hindering the testing of animal model advancements. This limitation restricts our ability to provide treatment options for particularly susceptible infants and children with limited therapeutic alternatives. Here, we report our solution to these challenges through an acoustofluidic-based therapeutic apheresis system designed for processing small blood volumes. Our design integrates an acoustofluidic device with a fluidic stabilizer array on a chip, separating blood components from minimal extracorporeal volumes. We carried out plasma apheresis in mouse models, each with a blood volume of just 280 μL. Additionally, we achieved successful plasmapheresis in a sensitized mouse, significantly lowering preformed donor-specific antibodies and enabling desensitization in a transplantation model. Our system offers a new solution for small-sized subjects, filling a critical gap in existing technologies and providing potential benefits for a wide range of patients.
Signaling by a bacterial phytochrome histidine kinase involves a conformational cascade reorganizing the dimeric photoreceptor
Authors: Burgie E. Sethe , Basore Katherine , Rau Michael J. , Summers Brock , Mickles Alayna J. , Grigura Vadim , Fitzpatrick James A. J. , Vierstra Richard D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhytochromes (Phys) are a divergent cohort of bili-proteins that detect light through reversible interconversion between dark-adapted Pr and photoactivated Pfr states. While our understandings of downstream events are emerging, it remains unclear how Phys translate light into an interpretable conformational signal. Here, we present models of both states for a dimeric Phy with histidine kinase (HK) activity from the proteobacterium Pseudomonas syringae, which were built from high-resolution cryo-EM maps (2.8–3.4-Å) of the photosensory module (PSM) and its following signaling (S) helix together with lower resolution maps for the downstream output region augmented by RoseTTAFold and AlphaFold structural predictions. The head-to-head models reveal the PSM and its photointerconversion mechanism with strong clarity, while the HK region is interpretable but relatively mobile. Pr/Pfr comparisons show that bilin phototransformation alters PSM architecture culminating in a scissoring motion of the paired S-helices linking the PSMs to the HK bidomains that ends in reorientation of the paired catalytic ATPase modules relative to the phosphoacceptor histidines. This action apparently primes autophosphorylation enroute to phosphotransfer to the cognate DNA-binding response regulator AlgB which drives quorum-sensing behavior through transient association with the photoreceptor. Collectively, these models illustrate how light absorption conformationally translates into accelerated signaling by Phy-type kinases.
Conditional RNA interference in mammalian cells via RNA transactivation
Authors: Zhou Yu , Sheng Peike , Li Jiayi , Li Yudan , Xie Mingyi , Green Alexander A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for sequence-specific gene knockdown in therapeutic and research applications. However, spatiotemporal control of RNAi is required to decrease nonspecific targeting, potential toxicity, and allow targeting of essential genes. Herein we describe a class of de-novo-designed RNA switches that enable sequence-specific regulation of RNAi in mammalian cells. Using cis-repressing RNA elements, we engineer RNA devices that only initiate microRNA biogenesis when binding with cognate trigger RNAs. We demonstrate that this conditional RNAi system, termed Orthogonal RNA Interference induced by Trigger RNA (ORIENTR), provides up to 14-fold increases in artificial miRNA biogenesis upon activation in orthogonal libraries. We show that integration of ORIENTR triggers with dCas13d enhances dynamic range to up to 31-fold. We further demonstrate that ORIENTR can be applied to detect endogenous RNA signals and to conditionally knockdown endogenous genes, thus enabling regulatory possibilities including cell-type-specific RNAi and rewiring of transcriptional networks via RNA profile.
Physics-informed deep generative learning for quantitative assessment of the retina
Authors: Brown Emmeline E. , Guy Andrew A. , Holroyd Natalie A. , Sweeney Paul W. , Gourmet Lucie , Coleman Hannah , Walsh Claire , Markaki Athina E. , Shipley Rebecca , Rajendram Ranjan , Walker-Samuel Simon 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Disruption of retinal vasculature is linked to various diseases, including diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration, leading to vision loss. We present here a novel algorithmic approach that generates highly realistic digital models of human retinal blood vessels, based on established biophysical principles, including fully-connected arterial and venous trees with a single inlet and outlet. This approach, using physics-informed generative adversarial networks (PI-GAN), enables the segmentation and reconstruction of blood vessel networks with no human input and which out-performs human labelling. Segmentation of DRIVE and STARE retina photograph datasets provided near state-of-the-art vessel segmentation, with training on only a small (n = 100) simulated dataset. Our findings highlight the potential of PI-GAN for accurate retinal vasculature characterization, with implications for improving early disease detection, monitoring disease progression, and improving patient care.
On the origin of low-valent uranium oxidation state
Authors: Silva C. L. , Amidani L. , Retegan M. , Weiss S. , Bazarkina E. F. , Graubner T. , Kraus F. , Kvashnina K. O. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe significant interest in actinide bonding has recently focused on novel compounds with exotic oxidation states. However, the difficulty in obtaining relevant high-quality experimental data, particularly for low-valent actinide compounds, prevents a deeper understanding of 5f systems. Here we show X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements in the high-energy resolution fluorescence detection (HERFD) mode at the uranium M4 edge for the UIII and UIV halides, namely UX3 and UX4 (X = F, Cl, Br, I). The spectral shapes of these two series exhibit clear differences, which we explain using electronic structure calculations of the 3d-4f resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) process. To understand the changes observed, we implemented crystal field models with ab initio derived parameters and investigated the effect of reducing different contributions to the electron-electron interactions involved in the RIXS process. Our analysis shows that the electron-electron interactions weaken as the ligand changes from I to F, indicative of a decrease in ionicity both along and between the UX3 and UX4 halide series.
Symbolic metaprogram search improves learning efficiency and explains rule learning in humans
Authors: Rule Joshua S. , Piantadosi Steven T. , Cropper Andrew , Ellis Kevin , Nye Maxwell , Tenenbaum Joshua B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThroughout their lives, humans seem to learn a variety of rules for things like applying category labels, following procedures, and explaining causal relationships. These rules are often algorithmically rich but are nonetheless acquired with minimal data and computation. Symbolic models based on program learning successfully explain rule-learning in many domains, but performance degrades quickly as program complexity increases. It remains unclear how to scale symbolic rule-learning methods to model human performance in challenging domains. Here we show that symbolic search over the space of metaprograms—programs that revise programs—dramatically improves learning efficiency. On a behavioral benchmark of 100 algorithmically rich rules, this approach fits human learning more accurately than alternative models while also using orders of magnitude less search. The computation required to match median human performance is consistent with conservative estimates of human thinking time. Our results suggest that metaprogram-like representations may help human learners to efficiently acquire rules.