bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of an Imidazole‐Containing Pyrene π‐System
Authors: Liu Yulong , Gao Zhao , Wang Zhiming , Feng Cunfang , Shen Fangzhong , Lu Ping , Ma Yuguang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA one‐pot reaction is used in the creation of a novel skeleton by using pyrene and the five‐membered imidazole ring as the key units. The two new compounds show high thermal stability. Deep‐blue emissions are observed in solution for both compounds, which have a strong tendency to aggregate into thin films and a tendency to crystallize as powders. These properties are indicative of their potential application in organic electronic devices.
Responding to historical injustices: Does group membership trump liberal‐conservative ideology?
Authors: Banfield Jillian C. , Ross Michael , Blatz Craig W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn the legal literature, “privity” refers to the link between a minority's current social, psychological, and economic problems and its previous mistreatment by the government. Scholars speculate that judgments of privity underlie support for redress for historical injustices. There is no gold standard for evaluating privity, however, and its assessment is susceptible to personal and situational influences. We conducted three studies to examine how liberal‐conservative ideology interacts with group membership to predict judgments of privity and support for redress. This research is the first to examine the combined effects of liberal‐conservative ideology and group membership among respondents who belong to previously victimized minorities. Across both actual and hypothetical injustices, increasing conservatism was inversely related to judgments of privity, except when respondents were members of the victimized group. Victimized group members claimed privity regardless of ideology. The effects on support for reparations paralleled those for privity with one exception involving African Americans (Study 2). We discuss the implications of the findings for understanding the nature of liberalism‐conservatism. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silver‐Graphene Nanoribbon Composite Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Electrolyte
Authors: Davis Danae J. , Raji Abdul‐Rahman O. , Lambert Timothy N. , Vigil Julian A. , Li Lei , Nan Kewang , Tour James M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSilver‐graphene nanoribbons (Ag‐GNRs) were prepared from the chemical unzipping of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by reaction with Na/K alloy, Ag(O2CCH3) and then CH3OH. Ag‐GNRs exhibited improved electrocatalytic ability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in 0.1 M KOH as compared to the underlying GNR substrate alone and displayed an earlier onset and higher currents than a commercial Ag/Carbon (Ag/C) catalyst. The Ag‐GNR hybrid demonstrates an outstanding tolerance to CH3OH crossover which exceeds that of the commercial benchmark, 20 % Pt/C.
Cobalt(II) Schiff Base/Large Mesoporous Carbon Composite Film Modified Electrode as Electrochemical Biosensor for Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose
Authors: Lu Jing , Ju Jian , Bo Xiangjie , Wang Huan , Guo Liping 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA simple method was developed to prepare a cobalt(II) Schiff base (Co(salen))/large mesoporous carbon (LMC) composite film. The structure and electrocatalytic performance of the Co(salen)/LMC film were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The Co(salen)/LMC film exhibits high electrocatalytic activity toward H2O2, such as low detection limit (8.5×10−7 M) and wide linear concentration range (2.0×10−6–8.9×10−3 M). Furthermore, glucose oxidase (GOD) was self‐assembled on the surface of the Co(salen)/LMC film modified electrode. Determination of glucose in human blood serum with satisfying result was investigated by the resulting biosensor.
Ionic Liquid Functionalized Graphene‐Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Simultaneous Determination of Dopamine and Uric Acid in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Wang Chunfeng , Xu Panpan , Zhuo Kelei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn electrochemical biosensor for the simultaneous determination of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA) was developed using a glassy carbon electrode modified with 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium 2‐amino‐3‐mercaptopropionic acid salt ionic liquid functionalized graphene (ILG/GCE). The ILG/GCE possessed excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of AA, DA and UA. The separations of oxidation peak potentials of AADA, DAUA, and AAUA were 147, 145 and 292 mV, respectively. The electrochemical sensor showed excellent selectivity and stability and was applied successfully to the determination of DA and UA in real urine samples using the standard addition method with recoveries of 97.0–103.8 %.
Nanocarbon Paste Electrodes
Authors: Lowinsohn Denise , Gan Patrick , Tschulik Kristina , Foord John S. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe electrochemical behaviour of carbon paste electrodes prepared using nanocarbon and mineral oil was investigated and the results contrasted with different carbon and carbon pastes electrodes. The composition of carbon paste was studied by performing cyclic voltammetry performed in 0.1 M KCl solution in the presence of 4.0 mM Ru(NH3)6Cl3, a well‐characterized redox system commonly used to test the electrode behaviour. After optimisation of the paste composition, the sensors chosen were tested for the analysis and characterization of three different systems: Ru(NH3)63+/2+, FcCH2OH/FcCH2OH+ and acetaminophen. The ability to obtain high quality voltammetry from the nanocarbon electrode was demonstrated and simulation of the voltammetry allowed the extraction of electrode kinetic parameters with high precision.
Shake‐table tests of a reinforced concrete frame designed following modern codes: seismic performance and damage evaluation
Authors: Benavent‐Climent Amadeo , Escolano‐Margarit David , Morillas Leandro 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents shake‐table tests conducted on a two‐fifths‐scale reinforced concrete frame representing a conventional construction design under current building code provisions in the Mediterranean area. The structure was subjected to a sequence of dynamic tests including free vibrations and four seismic simulations in which a historical ground motion record was scaled to levels of increasing intensity until collapse. Each seismic simulation was associated with a different level of seismic hazard, representing very frequent, frequent, rare and very rare earthquakes. The structure remained basically undamaged and within the inter‐story drift limits of the ‘immediate occupancy’ performance level for the very frequent and frequent earthquakes. For the rare earthquake, the specimen sustained significant damage with chord rotations of up to 28% of its ultimate capacity and approached the upper bound limit of inter‐story drift associated with ‘life safety’. The specimen collapsed at the beginning of the ‘very rare’ seismic simulation. Besides summarizing the experimental program, this paper evaluates the damage quantitatively at the global and local levels in terms of chord rotation and other damage indexes, together with the energy dissipation demands for each level of seismic hazard. Further, the ratios of column‐to‐beam moment capacity recommended by Eurocode 8 and ACI‐318 to guarantee the formation of a strong column‐weak beam mechanism are examined. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic vibration control of building structures with multiple tuned mass damper floors integrated
Authors: Xiang Ping , Nishitani Akira 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYFloor isolation system (FIS) achieving very small floor accelerations has been used to ensure human comfortability or protect important equipments in buildings. Tuned mass damper (TMD) with large mass ratios has been demonstrated to be robust with respect to the changes in structural properties. This paper presents the concept of a TMD floor vibration control system, which takes advantages of both the FIS and TMD. Such a system is called ‘TMD floor system’ herein. The TMD floor system (TMDFS) in which building floors serve as TMDs can achieve large mass ratio without additional masses. Furthermore, multiple TMD floors installed in a building can control multimode vibrations. Then, an optimal design process, where the objective function is set as the maximum magnitude of the frequency response functions of inter‐storey drifts, is proposed to determine the TMD floor parameters. Additionally, the multimode approach is applied to determine the optimal locations of TMD floors if not all of the floors in a building can serve as TMDs. In addition to the numerical simulations, a scaled model shaking table experiment is also conducted. Both the numerical and experimental results show that the absolute accelerations of the TMD floors are smaller than those of the main structural storeys, which indicates the TMDFS maintains the merit of FIS while greatly reducing seismic responses of main structures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Systematic Review of the Effects of Neuromodulation on Eating and Body Weight: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies
Authors: McClelland Jessica , Bozhilova Natali , Campbell Iain , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundEating disorders (ED) are chronic and sometimes deadly illnesses. Existing treatments have limited proven efficacy, especially in the case of adults with anorexia nervosa (AN). Emerging neural models of ED provide a rationale for more targeted, brain‐directed interventions.AimsThis systematic review has examined the effects of neuromodulation techniques on eating behaviours and body weight and assessed their potential for therapeutic use in ED.MethodAll articles in PubMed, PsychInfo and Web of Knowledge were considered and screened against a priori inclusion/exclusion criteria. The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) were examined across studies in ED samples, other psychiatric and neurological disorders, and animal models.ResultsSixty studies were identified. There is evidence for ED symptom reduction following rTMS and DBS in both AN and bulimia nervosa. Findings from studies of other psychiatric and neurological disorders and from animal studies demonstrate that increases in food intake and body weight can be achieved following DBS and that VNS has potential value as a means of controlling eating and inducing weight loss.ConclusionsNeuromodulation tools have potential for reducing ED symptomatology and related behaviours, and for altering food intake and body weight. In response to such findings, and emerging neural models of ED, treatment approaches are highly unlikely to remain ‘brainless’. More research is required to evaluate the potential of neuromodulation procedures for improving long‐term outcomes in ED. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Early Response as a Predictor of Success in Guided Self‐help Treatment for Bulimic Disorders
Authors: Vaz Ana R. , Conceição Eva , Machado Paulo P. P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe aims of this study were to investigate the number of sessions and time required for a clinical meaningful symptomatic change with a guided self‐help treatment and to assess the predictive value of early response and other potential predictors of end‐of‐treatment clinical status. Participants were 42 patients with a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa or ED not otherwise specified. Survival analyses (Kaplan–Meier) were performed to estimate the median time required to attain a 51% reduction in bulimic symptoms. Logistic regression was used to assess predictors of symptom remission. Results showed that the median time to achieve a 51% reduction in binge and purge frequencies was 3.68 and 3.77, respectively. This change occurred at session 3 for 50% of the participants. Early response was the most significant predictor of binge eating remission. No pretreatment predictors of time to achieve early response were found. These results have implications for allocating treatment resources in a stepped‐care intervention model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Increases in Weight during Chronic Stress are Partially Associated with a Switch in Food Choice towards Increased Carbohydrate and Saturated Fat Intake
Authors: Roberts Clifford J. , Campbell Iain C. , Troop Nick 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe examined if stress associated changes in weight and dietary restraint are associated with changes in the composition of foods consumed. Participants were 38 healthy women on a taught postgraduate university course. Data were obtained at the beginning of the semester and 15 weeks later just prior to a written course exam (the stressor). By using a within subject design, we measured the composition of food consumed, body mass index (BMI), levels of dietary restraint and salivary cortisol. In the larger study from which these data were obtained, it was shown that the effect of increased cortisol secretion on weight gain was mediated by a reduction in dietary restraint. The present data show that increased cortisol secretion, reduced dietary restraint and increased caloric intake, account for 73% of the variance in change in BMI. Further regression analysis indicated that the change in dietary restraint mediated the effect of change in cortisol on change in BMI. Final analysis revealed that the effect of these changes in dietary restraint on weight are partially mediated by increased caloric intake from carbohydrate and saturated fat, that is, a change in dietary composition partially accounts for the link between increased cortisol secretion through heightened hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal activity resulting in weight gain. These data are consistent with a ‘comfort food hypothesis’, as they suggest that chronic stress can promote reward associated behaviour through reduced dietary restraint and consumption of food containing more carbohydrate and saturated fat. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Three‐dimensional modeling of coastal boulders using multi‐view image measurements
Authors: Gienko Gennady A. , Terry James P. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTCoarse clastic sediments (boulders) on coastlines have seen a groundswell in geomorphic research interest over recent years, associated in part with the potential of boulder evidence for interpreting characteristics of high‐energy wave processes. Yet, the fundamental property of boulder volume is normally difficult to measure accurately owing to complex clast morphology and irregular surface texture. To tackle this problem, this paper concentrates on creating precise, measurable and textured three‐dimensional (3D) models of coastal boulders without physical contact with the object, based on multi‐view image measurement techniques. This method has several advantages over traditional measurements that are inaccurate or alternative solutions using costly techniques such as terrestrial laser scanning. Our methods propose the use of low‐cost equipment (digital cameras) that can be used in various coastal environments to easily acquire numerous images of the object of interest. Initial results can be rapidly assessed in the field for immediate quality control. Resulting 3D models, built from overlapping multi‐view digital photographs, allow the reconstruction of realistic‐looking and textured boulder surfaces. A particular interest in this task is the family of algorithms known as structure from motion (SFM). The work presents analysis of SFM techniques by examining 3D models of boulders observed at a coastal field site on Lu Dao Island in south‐eastern Taiwan. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultra‐rapid topographic surveying for complex environments: the hand‐held mobile laser scanner (HMLS)
Authors: James Mike R. , Quinton John N. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTTerrestrial laser scanning is the current technique of choice for acquiring high resolution topographic data at the site scale (i.e. over tens to hundreds of metres), for accurate volume measurements or process modelling. However, in regions of complex topography with multiple local horizons, restricted lines of sight significantly hinder use of such tripod‐based instruments by requiring multiple setups to achieve full coverage of the area. We demonstrate a novel hand‐held mobile laser scanning technique that offers particular promise for site‐scale topographic surveys of complex environments. To carry out a survey, the hand‐held mobile laser scanner (HMLS) is walked across a site, mapping around the surveyor continuously en route. We assess the accuracy of HMLS data by comparing survey results from an eroding coastal cliff site with those acquired by a state‐of‐the‐art terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and also with the results of a photo‐survey, processed by structure from motion and multi‐view stereo (SfM‐MVS) algorithms. HMLS data are shown to have a root mean square (RMS) difference to the benchmark TLS data of 20 mm, not dissimilar to that of the SfM‐MVS survey (18 mm). The efficiency of the HMLS system in complex terrain is demonstrated by acquiring topographic data covering ~780 m2 of salt‐marsh gullies, with a mean point spacing of 4.4 cm, in approximately six minutes. We estimate that HMLS surveying of gullies is approximately 40 times faster than using a TLS and six times faster than using SfM‐MVS. © 2013 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Digital elevation models derived from airborne laser scanning point clouds: appropriate spatial resolutions for multi‐temporal characterization and quantification of geomorphological processes
Authors: Sailer Rudolf , Rutzinger Martin , Rieg Lorenzo , Wichmann Volker 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTDigital terrain models (DTMs) are a standard data source for a variety of applications. DTM differencing is also widely used for detection and quantification of topographic changes. While several investigations have been made on the accuracy of DTMs, calculated from different kinds of input data, little has been published on the error of DTM differencing, specifically for the quantification of geomorphological processes. In this study, an extensive, multi‐temporal set of airborne laser scanning (ALS) data is used to investigate the accuracy of topographic change calculations in a high alpine environment, caused by different geomorphic processes. Differences from DTMs with cell sizes ranging from 0.25 m to 10 m were calculated and compared to very accurate point‐to‐point calculations for a variety of processes and in nearby stable areas which show no significant surface changes. The representativeness of the DTM differences is then compared to the terrain slope and surface roughness of the investigated areas to show the influence of these parameters on the errors in the differences. Those errors are then taken into account for analyses of the applicability of different cell sizes for the investigation of geomorphic processes with different magnitudes and over different time periods. The analyses show that the error of DTM differences increases with lower point densities and higher roughness and slope values. The higher the error, the greater the differences between two elevation datasets have to be in order to quantify certain morphodynamic processes. Lower point densities and higher roughness and slope values require greater process rates or longer time intervals in order to obtain valid results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thresholds, mode switching, and emergent equilibrium in geomorphic systems
Authors: Phillips Jonathan D. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTLandform and landscape evolution may be convergent, whereby initial differences and irregularities are (on average) reduced and smoothed, or divergent, with increasing variation and irregularity. Convergent and divergent evolution are directly related to dynamical (in)stability. Unstable interactions among geomorphic system components tend to dominate in earlier stages of development, while stable limits often become dominant in later stages. This results in mode switching, from unstable, divergent to stable, convergent development. Divergent‐to‐convergent mode switches emerge from a common structure in many geomorphic systems: mutually reinforcing or competitive interrelationships among system components, and negative self‐effects limiting individual components. When the interactions between components are dominant, divergent evolution occurs. As threshold limits to divergent development are approached, self‐limiting effects become more important, triggering a switch to convergence. The mode shift is an emergent phenomenon, arising from basic principles of threshold modulation and gradient selection. As an example, the relationships among flow concentration, erosive force, and channel incision in fluvial systems are examined in the context of mode switching and thresholds. The commonly observed divergence in channel growth and fluvial dissection and network development, eventually transitioning to a stable, convergent configuration, is an emergent outcome of gradient selection and threshold modification, and does not imply any goal functions of balancing mass fluxes or limiting change. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic exposure to pentachlorophenol alters thyroid hormones and thyroid hormone pathway mRNAs in zebrafish
Authors: Yu Li-Qin , Zhao Gao-Feng , Feng Min , Wen Wu , Li Kun , Zhang Pan-Wei , Peng Xi , Huo Wei-Jie , Zhou Huai-Dong 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is frequently detected in the aquatic environment and has been implicated as an endocrine disruptor in fish. In the present study, 4-month-old zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 1 of 4 concentrations of PCP (0.1, 1, 9, and 27 µg/L) for 70 d. The effects of PCP exposure on plasma thyroid hormone levels, and the expression levels of selected genes, were measured in the brain and liver. The PCP exposure at 27 µg/L resulted in elevated plasma thyroxine concentrations in male and female zebrafish and depressed 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine concentrations in males only. In both sexes, PCP exposure resulted in decreased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone β-subunit (tshβ) and thyroid hormone receptor β (trβ) in the brain, as well as increased liver levels of uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase (ugt1ab) and decreased deiodinase 1 (dio1). The authors also identified several sex-specific effects of PCP exposure, including changes in mRNA levels for deiodinase 2 (dio2), cytosolic sulfotransferase (sult1 st5), and transthyretin (ttr) genes in the liver. Environmental PCP exposure also caused an increased malformation rate in offspring that received maternal exposure to PCP. The present study demonstrates that chronic exposure to environmental levels of PCP alters plasma thyroid hormone levels, as well as the expression of genes associated with thyroid hormone signaling and metabolism in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and liver, resulting in abnormal zebrafish development. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:170–176. © 2013 SETAC