bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etiology of surgical site infections after primary total joint arthroplasties
Authors: Benito Natividad , Franco María , Coll Pere , Gálvez María Luz , Jordán Marcos , López‐Contreras Joaquín , Pomar Virginia , Monllau Joan Carles , Mirelis Beatriz , Gurguí Mercè 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTWe sought to characterize the causative pathogens of surgical site infections (SSIs) following primary total joint arthroplasties and to evaluate trends in the microbial etiology. We analyzed the etiology of SSIs following 2,632 total hip arthroplasty and knee arthroplasty procedures performed at our institution from 2004 through 2010. We calculated the annual proportion of SSIs accounted for each of the most common organisms and evaluated trends using the χ2 test for trend. SSIs were identified in 111 procedures (4.2%). The annual incidence of SSIs did not change significantly during the study period. Staphylococci were the most common cause of infection (59.6%) and most of infections were monomicrobial (82.8%). From 2004 to 2010, the annual proportion of infections due to gram‐negative bacilli (GNB) increased from 21.4% to 66.7% (p = 0.085 for trend). This increase was accompanied by a decline in the proportion of SSIs from coagulase‐negative staphylococci (p = 0.003). Additionally, we found an increase in the percentage of polymicrobial infections (from 7.1% in 2004 to 41.7% in 2010, p = 0.014). Multivariate analysis corroborated these trends. Our study reports an emergence of GNB as a cause of SSIs after primary total joint arthroplaties and an increase of polymicrobial infections. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:633–637, 2014.
Bio protection and preservation of raw beef meat using pungent aromatic plant substances
Authors: Radha krishnan Kesavan , Babuskin Srinivasan , Babu Packirisamy Azhagu Saravana , Fayidh Mohammed Abbas , Sabina Kalleary , Archana Ganesan , Sivarajan Meenatchisundaram , Sukumar Muthusamy 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study examined the effectiveness of three individual spice (clove, cinnamon and oregano) extracts and their combinations in raw beef meat during refrigerated storage. Meat samples were monitored for microbiological (total viable count, Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria, Brochothrix thermosphacta and Pseudomonas spp.) and physicochemical (pH, colour and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS)) attributes.RESULTSSamples treated with the combination of all three spice extracts showed lower bacterial counts and better L*, a* and b* values among treated samples during the storage period. Positive and negative control samples had the highest TBARS values at the end of the storage period. With the addition of spice extracts, TBARS values in raw beef samples were retarded effectively (P < 0.05) compared with control samples, especially when the combination of all three spice extracts was used.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study show that spice extracts were effective in inhibiting the growth of microbial populations and retarding lipid oxidation during refrigerated storage (4 °C) of raw beef meat. They also suggest that combinations of these extracts may have potential as natural preservatives in raw meat products. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Multiple‐Injection Method in High‐Temperature Two‐Dimensional Liquid Chromatography (2D HT‐LC)
Authors: Mekap Dibyaranjan , Macko Tibor , Brüll Robert , Cong Rongjuan , deGroot Willem , Parrott Albert , Yau Wallace 
Published: January 2014

Comprehensively characterizing the relationship between the distributions with regard to chemical composition (CCD) and molar mass (MMD) of polyolefins is vital to establish structure–property relationships. Two‐dimensional high‐temperature liquid chromatography (2D HT‐LC), which couples a high‐temperature solvent gradient interactive chromatography (HT‐SGIC) step for compositional separation with a high‐temperature size exclusion chromatography (HT‐SEC) step for MMD determination in an on‐line manner is emerging as a tool of choice to satisfy this necessity. A serious problem commonly associated with multidimensional chromatography is the very low detector response (DR) due to the dilution in the HT‐SEC step. Using higher sample concentrations or larger sample loops cannot address this appropriately because injections may become irreproducible, or poorly shaped peaks may result due to concentration effects. This paper shows that stacked injections (repeatedly injecting a polymer sample and then starting the desorption step) is a unique way to overcome these difficulties. 2D HT‐LC analysis of blends of ethylene/1‐octene copolymers using stacked injections proves that the DR can be significantly enhanced without co‐elution of the blend components or overloading of the column.
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Structural Changes in Therapeutic RNAs
Authors: Tkachuk Z. Yu. , Kozlov A. V. , Skorobogatov O. Yu. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryTherapeutic RNAs have been strongly influencing the pharmaceutical market, which has been marked by capturing its part in last decade. Wide range of biological activities, production easiness and relative cheapness result in a powerful background for its mass production and implication in pharmacology. Their structure is known to be directly linked to the conformation they posses at given conditions. Conformational changes that may occur in response to various factors are believed to cause serious functional activity changes.
Structure and Interaction of Poly(ethylene glycol) in Aqueous Solutions. Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering Data
Authors: Petrenko Viktor , Bulavin Leonid , Avdeev Mikhail , Garamus Vasil , Koneracka Martina , Kopcansky Peter 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBehavior of low molecular mass poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymer, i.e. molar masses Mn = 400 and 1000, in heavy water is studied by small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS). Some part of the polymer molecules in concentrated solutions is found to form aggregates with size exceeding 30 nm. The form‐factor of Gaussian coil is used to describe low concentrated PEG solutions. Virial coefficients are obtained from approximation of experimental SANS data for PEG solutions with concentration higher than 3% where the interparticle interaction effect is well observed.
Biopolymers and Biomacromolecules Solvent Dynamics
Authors: Rossi Claudio , Bonechi Claudia , Foletti Alberto , Magnani Agnese , Martini Silvia 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBiomacromolecules in solution modify the structure and the dynamics of the bulk water at the solute‐solvent interface. The ordering effects of biomolecules, in particular proteins, are extended for several angstroms. The role of the hydration shells around a protein has yet to be completely understood. Hydrated proteins maintain more dynamic flexibility with respect to the dried system, which is an important property in protein‐protein and/or protein‐ligand recognition processes. In this paper we propose a method for analyzing the dynamical properties of the water molecules present in the hydration shells of proteins. The approach is based on analysis of the effects of protein‐solvent interactions on water protons NMR relaxation parameters. The water proton spin‐lattice relaxation rate in protein solution is analyzed considering all possible dipolar contributions from coupled protons environments. The analysis of both selective and non‐selective water spin‐lattice relaxation rates allowed the calculation of the average effective correlation time for the water molecules at the protein interface and the evaluation of the long range ordering effect of the protein surface.
Some results on electromagnetic transmission eigenvalues
Authors: Zeng Fang , Turner Tiara , Sun Jiguang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe electromagnetic interior transmission problem is a boundary value problem, which is neither elliptic nor self‐adjoint. The associated transmission eigenvalue problem has important applications in the inverse electromagnetic scattering theory for inhomogeneous media. In this paper, we show that, in general, there do not exist purely imaginary electromagnetic transmission eigenvalues. For constant index of refraction, we prove that it is uniquely determined by the smallest (real) transmission eigenvalue. Finally, we show that complex transmission eigenvalues must lie in a certain region in the complex plane. The result is verified by examples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Existence of positive periodic solution of a hepatitis B virus infection model
Authors: Fang Haiquan , Wang Min , Zhou Tiejun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this paper, a periodic model for hepatitis B virus infection is proposed. The model describes the breeding of the infected cells and the periodic variation of the environment. On the basis of the continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory, a condition for the existence of a positive periodic solution to the model is established. The result can be used to explain the wave phenomenon on the density of the pathogens in patients blood and the occurrence of superinfection in hepatitis B virus infections. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolic effects of a high‐fat diet post‐weaning after low maternal dietary folate during pregnancy and lactation
Authors: McKay Jill A. , Xie Long , Manus Caroline , Langie Sabine A. S. , Maxwell Ross J. , Ford Dianne , Mathers John C. 
Published: January 2014

ScopeInvestigate the influence of low‐folate supply during pregnancy and lactation on obesity and markers of the metabolic syndrome in offspring, and how provision of a high‐fat diet post weaning may exacerbate the resultant phenotype.Methods and resultsFemale C57Bl/6 mice were randomized to low or normal folate diets (0.4 or 2 mg folic acid/kg diet) prior to and during pregnancy and lactation. At 4 wk of age, offspring were randomized to high‐ or low‐fat diets, weighed weekly and food intake assessed at 9 and 18 wk old. Adiposity was measured at 3 and 6 months. Plasma glucose and triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations were measured at 6 months.Maternal folate supply did not influence adult offspring body weight or adiposity. High‐fat feeding post weaning increased body weight and adiposity at 3 and 6 months (p > 0.001). Maternal low folate lowered plasma glucose (p = 0.010) but increased plasma TAG (p = 0.048). High‐fat feeding post weaning increased plasma glucose and TAG (p = 0.023, p = 0.049 respectively). Offspring from folate‐depleted (but not folate‐adequate) dams had 30% higher TAG concentration when fed the high‐fat diet from weaning (p = 0.005 for interaction).ConclusionInadequate maternal folate intake has long‐term effects on offspring metabolism, manifested as increased circulating TAG, particularly in offspring with high‐fat intake post weaning.
Reducing contrast contamination in radial turbo‐spin‐echo acquisitions by combining a narrow‐band KWIC filter with parallel imaging
Authors: Neumann Daniel , Breuer Felix A. , Völker Michael , Brandt Tobias , Griswold Mark A. , Jakob Peter M. , Blaimer Martin 
Published: January 2014

PurposeCartesian turbo spin‐echo (TSE) and radial TSE images are usually reconstructed by assembling data containing different contrast information into a single k‐space. This approach results in mixed contrast contributions in the images, which may reduce their diagnostic value. The goal of this work is to improve the image contrast from radial TSE acquisitions by reducing the contribution of signals with undesired contrast information.MethodsRadial TSE acquisitions allow the reconstruction of multiple images with different T2 contrasts using the k‐space weighted image contrast (KWIC) filter. In this work, the image contrast is improved by reducing the band‐width of the KWIC filter. Data for the reconstruction of a single image are selected from within a small temporal range around the desired echo time. The resulting dataset is undersampled and, therefore, an iterative parallel imaging algorithm is applied to remove aliasing artifacts.ResultsRadial TSE images of the human brain reconstructed with the proposed method show an improved contrast when compared with Cartesian TSE images or radial TSE images with conventional KWIC reconstructions.ConclusionThe proposed method provides multi‐contrast images from radial TSE data with contrasts similar to multi spin‐echo images. Contaminations from unwanted contrast weightings are strongly reduced. Magn Reson Med 72:1680–1686, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accelerating sequences in the presence of metal by exploiting the spatial distribution of off‐resonance
Authors: Smith Matthew R. , Artz Nathan S. , Koch Kevin M. , Samsonov Alexey , Reeder Scott B. 
Published: January 2014

PurposeTo demonstrate feasibility of exploiting the spatial distribution of off‐resonance surrounding metallic implants for accelerating multispectral imaging techniques.Theory and MethodsMultispectral imaging (MSI) techniques perform time‐consuming independent three‐dimensional acquisitions with varying radio frequency offsets to address the extreme off‐resonance from metallic implants. Each off‐resonance bin provides a unique spatial sensitivity that is analogous to the sensitivity of a receiver coil and, therefore, provides a unique opportunity for acceleration. Fully sampled MSI was performed to demonstrate retrospective acceleration. A uniform sampling pattern across off‐resonance bins was compared with several adaptive sampling strategies using a total hip replacement phantom. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to compare noise propagation of two of these strategies. With a total knee replacement phantom, positive and negative off‐resonance bins were strategically sampled with respect to the B0 field to minimize aliasing. Reconstructions were performed with a parallel imaging framework to demonstrate retrospective acceleration.ResultsAn adaptive sampling scheme dramatically improved reconstruction quality, which was supported by the noise propagation analysis. Independent acceleration of negative and positive off‐resonance bins demonstrated reduced overlapping of aliased signal to improve the reconstruction.ConclusionThis work presents the feasibility of acceleration in the presence of metal by exploiting the spatial sensitivities of off‐resonance bins. Magn Reson Med 72:1658–1667, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Frequency and phase drift correction of magnetic resonance spectroscopy data by spectral registration in the time domain
Authors: Near Jamie , Edden Richard , Evans C. John , Paquin Raphaël , Harris Ashley , Jezzard Peter 
Published: January 2014

PurposeFrequency and phase drifts are a common problem in the acquisition of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data. If not accounted for, frequency and phase drifts will result in artifactual broadening of spectral peaks, distortion of spectral lineshapes, and a reduction in signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). We present herein a new method for estimating and correcting frequency and phase drifts in in vivo MRS data.MethodsWe used a simple method of fitting each spectral average to a reference scan (often the first average in the series) in the time domain through adjustment of frequency and phase terms. Due to the similarity with image registration, this method is referred to as “spectral registration.” Using simulated data with known frequency and phase drifts, the performance of spectral registration was compared with two existing methods at various SNR levels.ResultsSpectral registration performed well in comparison with the other methods tested in terms of both frequency and phase drift estimation.ConclusionsSpectral registration provides an effective method for frequency and phase drift correction. It does not involve the collection of navigator echoes, and does not rely on any specific resonances, such as residual water or creatine, making it highly versatile. Magn Reson Med 73:44–50, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Monitoring mammary tumor progression and effect of tamoxifen treatment in MMTV‐PymT using MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy with hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate
Authors: Asghar Butt Sadia , Søgaard Lise V. , Ardenkjaer‐Larsen Jan H. , Lauritzen Mette H. , Engelholm Lars H. , Paulson Olaf B. , Mirza Osman , Holck Susanne , Magnusson Peter , Åkeson Per 
Published: January 2014

PurposeTo use dynamic magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of hyperpolarized 13C‐pyruvate to follow the progress over time in vivo of breast cancer metabolism in the MMTV‐PymT model, and to follow the response to the anti‐estrogen drug tamoxifen.MethodsTumor growth was monitored by anatomical MRI by measuring tumor volumes. Dynamic MRS of hyperpolarized 13C was used to measure an “apparent” pyruvate‐to‐lactate rate constant (kp) of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in vivo. Further, ex vivo pathology and in vitro LDH initial reaction velocity were evaluated.ResultsTamoxifen significantly halted the tumor growth measured as tumor volume by MRI. In the untreated animals, kp correlated with tumor growth. The kP was somewhat but not significantly lower in the treated group. Studies in vitro confirmed the effects of tamoxifen on tumor growth, and here the LDH reaction velocity was reduced significantly in the treated group.ConclusionThese hyperpolarized 13C MRS findings indicate that tumor metabolic changes affects kP. The measured kp did not relate to treatment response to the same extent as did tumor growth, histological evaluation, and in vitro determination of LDH activity. Magn Reson Med 73:51–58, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accelerated whole‐heart coronary MRA using motion‐corrected sensitivity encoding with three‐dimensional projection reconstruction
Authors: Pang Jianing , Sharif Behzad , Arsanjani Reza , Bi Xiaoming , Fan Zhaoyang , Yang Qi , Li Kuncheng , Berman Daniel S. , Li Debiao 
Published: January 2014

PurposeTo achieve whole‐heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with (1.0 mm)3 spatial resolution and 5 min of free‐breathing scan time.MethodsWe used an electrocardiograph‐gated, T2‐prepared and fat‐saturated balanced steady state free precession sequence with 3DPR trajectory for free‐breathing data acquisition with 100% gating efficiency. For image reconstruction, we used a self‐calibrating iterative SENSE scheme with integrated retrospective motion correction. We performed healthy volunteer study to compare the proposed method with motion‐corrected gridding at different retrospective undersampling levels on apparent signal‐to‐noise ratio (aSNR) and subjective coronary artery (CA) visualization scores.ResultsCompared with gridding, the proposed method significantly improved both image quality metrics for undersampled datasets with 6000, 8000, and 10,000 projections. With as few as 10,000 projections, the proposed method yielded good CA visualization scores (3.02 of 4) and aSNR values comparable to those with 20,000 projections.ConclusionUsing the proposed method, good image quality was observed for free breathing whole‐heart coronary MRA at (1.0 mm)3 resolution with an achievable scan time of 5 min. Magn Reson Med 73:284–291, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Banding artifact removal for bSSFP imaging with an elliptical signal model
Authors: Xiang Qing‐San , Hoff Michael N. 
Published: January 2014

PurposeBalanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) imaging has broad clinical applications by virtue of its high time efficiency and desirable contrast. Unfortunately, banding artifact is often seen as a result of signal modulation due to B0 inhomogeneity. This study aims to develop an effective method for banding artifact suppression.MethodsbSSFP is analyzed with an elliptical signal model. A simple analytical “Geometric‐Solution” (GS) is presented to demodulate the signal from B0 inhomogeneity dependence with phase‐cycled bSSFP data from both a computer simulation and experiments using phantom and human subjects.ResultsThe proposed algorithm is able to remove banding artifacts completely. It also compares favorably with the complex sum (CS), which is considered one of the more efficient methods for banding artifact correction.ConclusionUsing an elliptical signal model, an analytical solution to the bSSFP banding problem has been found and demonstrated with simulation as well as phantom and in vivo experiments. Magn Reson Med 71:927–933, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of capped and uncapped abandoned leads on the heating of an MR‐conditional pacemaker implant
Authors: Mattei Eugenio , Gentili Giulia , Censi Federica , Triventi Michele , Calcagnini Giovanni 
Published: January 2014

PurposeTo assess the risk of radiofrequency (RF) ‐induced heating in patients with MR‐conditional pacemaker (PM) systems, in the presence of another lead abandoned from a previous implant.MethodsFour commercial pacemaker leads were placed beside a MR‐conditional PM system, inside a human trunk simulator. The phantom has been exposed to the RF generated by a 64 MHz body bird‐cage coil (whole‐body specific absorption rate [SAR] = 1 W/kg) and the induced heating was measured at the tip of the abandoned lead and of the MR‐conditional implant. Configurations that maximize the coupling between the RF field and the leads have been tested, as well as realistic implant positions.ResultsAbandoned leads showed heating behaviors that strongly depend on the termination condition (abandoned‐capped or saline exposed) and on the lead path (left or right positioning). Given a whole‐body SAR = 1 W/kg, a maximum temperature rise of 17.6°C was observed. The presence of the abandoned lead modifies the RF‐heating profile of the MR‐conditional implant: either an increase or a decrease in the induced heating at its lead tip can occur, mainly depending on the relative position of the two leads. Variations ranging from −63% to +69% with respect to the MR‐conditional system alone were observed.ConclusionThese findings provide experimental evidence that the presence of an abandoned lead poses an additional risk for the patient implanted with a MR‐conditional PM system. Our results support the current PM manufacturers' policy of conditioning the MR compatibility of their systems to the absence of abandoned leads (including leads from MR‐conditional implants). From a clinical point of view, in such cases, the decision whether to perform the exam shall be based upon a risk/benefit evaluation, as in the case of conventional PM systems. Magn Reson Med 73:390–400, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combining Odontochronology, Tooth Wear Assessment, and Linear Enamel Hypoplasia (LEH) Recording to Assess Pig Domestication in Neolithic Henan, China
Authors: Pike‐Tay A. , Ma X. , Hou Y. , Liang F. , Lin M. , Peterson V. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMandibles of Sus scrofa (wild boar/pig) from ritual pits H160 and H208 of Longshangang, a Late Yangshao Neolithic site in Xichuan County, Henan, were analyzed for evidence of domestication. Three methods of dental analysis were applied: odontochronology, tooth wear assessment, and linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) recording, which provide age at death, season of kill, and season of birth data. We investigate whether: (i) the LEH height frequencies on the second molars of the mandibles correspond with the possibility of double farrowing and (2) double farrowing is supported by the season of and age at slaughter data. If so, these data suggest a substantial degree of human management of suids at the site. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.