bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning insights: probing the variable importance of ex-ante information
Authors: Albada Ali , Abusham Eimad Eldin , Ong Chui Zi , Al Qatiti Khalid 
Published: August 2024

PurposeEmpirical examinations of initial public offering (IPO) initial returns often rely heavily on linear regression models. However, these models can prove inefficient owing to their susceptibility to outliers, a common occurrence in IPO data. This study introduces a machine learning method, known as random forest, to address issues that linear regression may struggle to resolve.Design/methodology/approachThe study’s sample comprises 352 fixed-priced IPOs from the year 2004 until 2021. A unique aspect of this research is its application of the random forest method. The accuracy of random forest in comparison to other methods is evaluated. The findings indicate that the random forest model significantly outperforms other methods in all of the evaluated aspects.FindingsThe variable importance measure indicates that investors’ demand, divergence of opinion among investors and offer price are the most crucial predictors of IPO initial returns. These determinants hold particular significance due to the widespread use of the fixed-price method in Malaysia, as this method amplifies the information asymmetry in the IPO market.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the pioneering works in Malaysian literature to apply the random forest method to address the constraints of conventional linear regression models. This is achieved by considering a more extensive array of factors and acknowledging the influence of outliers. Additionally, this study adds value to Malaysian literature by ranking and identifying the ex-ante information that best signals the issuing firm’s quality. This contribution facilitates prospective investors’ decision-making processes and provides issuing firms with effective means to communicate their value and quality to the IPO market.
Multimaterial additive manufacturing of poly-L-lactic acid– hydroxylapatite/graphene oxide scaffold fabricated via vat photopolymerization: experimental investigation, analysis and cell study
Authors: Ghaderi Iman , Behravesh Amir Hossein , Hedayati Seyyed Kaveh , Alavinasab Ardebili Seyed Alireza , Kordi Omid , Rizvi Ghaus , Gholivand Khodayar 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
This study aims to design and implement a multimaterial system for printing multifunctional specimens suitable for various sectors, with a particular focus on biomedical applications such as addressing mandibular bone loss.

Design/methodology/approach
To enhance both the mechanical and biological properties of scaffolds, an automatic multimaterial setup using vat photopolymerization was developed. This setup features a linear system with two resin vats and one ultrasonic cleaning tank, facilitating the integration of diverse materials and structures to optimize scaffold composition. Such versatility allows for the simultaneous achievement of various characteristics in scaffold design.

Findings
The printed multimaterial scaffolds, featuring 20 Wt.% hydroxylapatite (HA) on the interior and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) with 1 Wt.% graphene oxide (GO) on the exterior, exhibited favorable mechanical and biological properties at the optimum postcuring and heat-treatment time. Using an edited triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) lattice structure further enhanced these properties. Various multimaterial specimens were successfully printed and evaluated, showcasing the capability of the setup to ensure functionality, cleanliness and adequate interface bonding. Additionally, a novel Gyroid TPMS scaffold with a nominal porosity of 50% was developed and experimentally validated.

Originality/value
This study demonstrates the successful fabrication of multimaterial components with minimal contaminations and suitable mechanical and biological properties. By combining PLLA-HA and PLLA-GO, this innovative technique holds significant promise for enhancing the effectiveness of regenerative procedures, particularly in the realm of dentistry.
Preoperative definition and new concept design of 3D printed buttress model to seal skull base after endoscopic endonasal surgery
Authors: Papallo Ida , Solari Domenico , Onofrio Ilaria , Ugga Lorenzo , Cuocolo Renato , Martorelli Massimo , Russo Teresa , Bove Ilaria , Cavallo Luigi Maria , Gloria Antonio 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
This study aims to integrate design methods and additive manufacturing with the use of a thermoplastic elastomer certified for medical use and reverse engineering towards a new concept of a customized buttress model with optimized features for the reconstruction of the osteo-dural opening after endoscopic endonasal transtuberculum-transplanum approach.

Design/methodology/approach
Additive manufacturing allows making of cost-effective and useable devices with tailored properties for biomedical applications. The endoscopic endonasal approach to the suprasellar area enables the management of different intradural tumours, and the craniectomy at the skull base is generally wide and irregular. Defining an optimal strategy for osteodural defect closure at the preoperative stage represents a significant challenge.

Findings
Using the results obtained from a computed tomography analysis, skull base defects were designed to plan the surgical approach. Several concepts of customized buttress models were first built up, initially focusing on thin, flexible edges characterized by different thicknesses. Finite element analyses and design optimization allowed us to achieve the optimal design solution with improved compliance/flexibility for easy intranasal manoeuvrability, maintaining an adequate mechanical stability. As the thickness of the edges decreased, an increase of strain energy values was found (i.e. 1.2 mJ – Model A, 1.7 mJ – Model B, 2.3 mJ – Model C, 4.3 mJ – Model D). However, a further optimization (Model E) led to a significant increase of the compliance (strain energy of 14.1 mJ).

Originality/value
The results obtained from clinical evaluations demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed technical solutions, improving surgery effectiveness.
Neighbourhood diversity effects on insect herbivory: Plant leaf traits mediate associational resistance
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Feng Lixuan , Frew Adam , Lu Anqi , Yu Zaipeng , Huang Zhiqun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The vulnerability of trees to insect herbivory can be influenced by forest structure and diversity. Associational resistance theory posits that trees surrounded by diverse neighbours are likely to suffer reduced herbivory. However, the underlying mechanisms of this effect are debated, with accumulating evidence suggesting that leaf traits could mediate the strength and direction of the diversity‐herbivory relationships.

To determine the role of tree trait variation in mediating this relationship, we measured leaf herbivory and nine morphological and nutritional leaf traits known to influence herbivory on 394 focal trees of twelve species cultivated in monocultures and mixtures of four, eight, and sixteen species in a 4‐year‐old large‐scale manipulated tree diversity experiment.

A reduction in the proportion of focal trees in species‐rich neighbourhoods resulted in increased leaf carbon: nitrogen ratio of focal trees, which mediated a reduction in insect herbivory. Moreover, an increase in plant height apparency, defined as the disparity in total height between a focal tree and its closest neighbours, indirectly amplified herbivory by reducing leaf phosphorus concentration.

Synthesis: The study suggests that neighbourhood diversity and physical structure can indirectly affect herbivory on a focal plant by modifying its leaf trait. Accounting for the functional differences between forests could enhance our understanding of diversity–herbivory relationships.
Inclusive education in Zimbabwe: An assessment of teachers' self‐efficacy and attitudes in Masvingo
Authors: Chitiyo Jonathan , Simone Kinsey , Muresherwa Edson , Chitiyo George , Chitiyo Morgan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSince the Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action in 1994, many countries have been advancing their education systems towards inclusive education. Zimbabwe, being one of the signatories to this framework, is one of the countries that have embraced the concept of inclusive education and has since been making strides towards its advancement albeit rather slowly. The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to examine the self‐efficacy levels of Zimbabwean primary, secondary and high school teachers with inclusive education, as well as their attitudes towards the practice. To do this, 100 primary, secondary and high school teachers working in inclusive school settings in the Masvingo province were surveyed using a modified version of the Inclusion Competencies of Sri Lankan Teachers, (ICSLT) instrument. Findings of this study indicated that most of the participating teachers were in support of inclusive education despite not having the requisite preparation to implement it. Based on the findings, specific recommendations are provided for improving preservice teacher preparation and professional development for in‐service teachers in support of inclusive education.
Embracing complexity in plant–microbiome systems
Authors: Poupin María Josefina , González Bernardo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite recent advances in understanding the role of microorganisms in plant holobiont metabolism, physiology, and fitness, several relevant questions are yet to be answered, with implications for ecology, evolution, and sustainable agriculture. This article explores some of these questions and discusses emerging research areas in plant microbiomes. Firstly, it emphasizes the need to move beyond taxonomic characterization towards understanding microbial functions within plant ecosystems. Secondly, controlling methodological biases and enhancing OMICS technologies' standardization is imperative for a deeper comprehension of plant–microbiota interactions. Furthermore, while plant microbiota research has primarily centred on bacteria and fungi, other microbial players such as archaea, viruses, and microeukaryotes have been largely overlooked. Emerging evidence highlights their presence and potential roles, underscoring the need for thorough assessments. Future research should aim to elucidate the ecological microbial interactions, their impact on plant performance, and how the plant context shapes microbial community dynamics. Finally, a discussion is provided on how the multiple layers of abiotic and biotic factors influencing the spatiotemporal dynamics of plant–microbiome systems require in‐depth attention. Examples illustrate how synthetic communities and computational methods such as machine learning and artificial intelligence provide alternatives to tackle these challenges and analyse the plant holobiont as a complex system.
Deciphering microbial communities involved in marine steel corrosion using high‐throughput amplicon sequencing
Authors: Shibulal Biji , Smith Martin Peter , Cooper Ian , Burgess Heidi Marie , Moles Norman , Willows Alison 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo characterize the source and effects of bacterial communities on corrosion of intertidal structures, three different UK coastal sites were sampled for corrosion materials, sediment and seawater. Chemical analyses indicate the activity of sulfate‐reducing microbes (SRBs) at 2 sites (Shoreham and Newhaven), but not at the third (Southend‐on‐Sea). Microbial communities in the deep sediment and corrosion samples are similar. The phylum Proteobacteria is dominant (40.4% of the total ASV), followed by Campilobacterota (11.3%), Desulfobacterota and Firmicutes (4%–5%). At lower taxonomic levels, corrosion causing bacteria, such as Shewanella sp. (6%), Colwellia sp. (7%) and Mariprofundus sp. (1%), are present. At Southend‐on‐sea, the relative abundance of Campilobacterota is higher compared to the other two sites. The mechanism of action of microorganisms at Shoreham and Newhaven involves biogenic sulfuric acid corrosion of iron by the combined action of SRBs and sulfur‐oxidizing microbes. However, at Southend‐on‐sea, sulfur compounds are not implicated in corrosion, but SRBs and other electroactive microbes may play a role in which cathodic reactions (electrical MIC) and microbial enzymes (chemical MIC) are involved. To contribute to diagnosis of accelerated intertidal corrosion types, we developed a rapid identification method for SRBs using quantitative polymerase chain reaction high‐resolution melt curve analysis of the dsrB gene.
Digital phenotypes of real‐time suicidal ideation: Correlates and consequences
Authors: Kivelä L. M. M. , van der Does A. J. W. , Gilissen R. , Antypa Niki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionSuicidal ideation variability refers to within‐day fluctuations in suicidal ideation, and has recently been proposed as an indicator of suicide risk. However, not much is known yet about its correlates and clinical relevance.MethodsWe examined characteristics of real‐time suicidal ideation using Ecological Momentary Assessment in 82 individuals with current active suicidal ideation. Data were collected four times daily over 21 days. Latent profile analysis was used to identify subtypes of suicidal ideation. We further examined sociodemographic and clinical correlates of the profiles, and their association with the occurrence of suicide attempts during a 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsWe identified three “digital” phenotypes of suicidal ideation that differed on the frequency, intensity and variability of ideation. The profiles were: high frequency, high intensity, moderate variability (Phenotype 1), moderate/high frequency, moderate intensity, high variability (Phenotype 2), and moderate frequency, low intensity, low variability (Phenotype 3). Phenotypes 1 and 2 were associated with a worse clinical profile at baseline (higher suicidal ideation and depressive symptom severity), and increased odds of suicide attempt during follow‐up, compared to Phenotype 3. Phenotype 1 was further characterized by repeated suicidal behavior.ConclusionsTwo phenotypes of real‐time suicidal ideation were identified that appear to confer a higher risk of suicidal behavior in the near future (12 months). These phenotypes were characterized by higher variability of suicidal ideation—and also higher intensity and frequency of ideation. Considering the small sample size, the clinical usefulness of the profiles remains to be demonstrated.
Clinical pharmacology in adolescent transgender medicine
Authors: Cirrincione Lauren R. , Huang Kai J. , Sequeira Gina M. 
Published: August 2024

Adolescent transgender medicine is a growing clinical field. Gender‐affirming medications for transgender youth may include gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, gender‐affirming hormones or both. To evaluate the potential effects of GnRH agonists (puberty suppression) on pharmacokinetic processes for transgender youth, we searched PubMed from inception to May 2024 for publications on the effects of GnRH agonists on drug absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion for transgender adolescents or effects on hormones (including gonadotropins, adrenal androgens, sex steroids) that are associated with changes in drug metabolism during puberty in the general adolescent population. No publications discussed the effects of GnRH agonist treatment on pharmacokinetic processes for adolescent transgender people. Sixteen publications observed marked decreases in gonadotropins and sex steroids for both adolescent transgender men and adolescent transgender women and slight effects on adrenal androgens. During GnRH agonist treatment, changes in body composition and body shape were greater for adolescent transgender people than for cisgender adolescent people. Further research is needed to better understand the effects of GnRH agonists on drug metabolism and other pharmacokinetic processes for transgender adolescents receiving GnRH agonists and other gender‐affirming medications.
Sensitisation to the acrylate co‐polymers glyceryl acrylate/acrylic acid co‐polymer, sodium polyacrylate and acrylates/C10‐30 alkyl acrylate cross‐polymer (Carbopol®) is rare
Authors: Soriano Livia F. , Chowdhury M. M. U. , Cousen Philippa , Dawe Simon , Ghaffar Sharizan A. , Haworth Adam , Holden Catherine R. , Hollywood Aoife , Johnston Graham A. , Kirk Stephen , Mughal Avad A. , Orton David I. , Parker Robin , Rajeev Asha , Scharrer Krisztina , Sinha Aparna , Stone Natalie M. , Thompson Donna , Wakelin Sarah , Whitehouse Heather , Wootton Catriona , Buckley Deirdre A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcrylate polymers and cross‐polymers (ACPs) are frequently used cosmetic ingredients. The British Society for Cutaneous Allergy (BSCA) and the UK Cosmetic, Toiletry and Perfumery Association (CTPA) collaborated to investigate the allergenic potential of three commonly‐used ACPs.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to three ACPs: glyceryl acrylate/acrylic acid co‐polymer, sodium polyacrylate, and acrylates/C10‐30 alkyl acrylate cross‐polymer (Carbopol®).Materials and MethodsThe BSCA prospectively audited data collected from 20 centres in the UK and Ireland between 1st September 2021 and 1st September 2022. Patients with suspected ACD to (meth)acrylates, with facial dermatitis, or consecutive patients, were patch tested to glyceryl acrylate/acrylic acid co‐polymer 10% aqueous (aq.) sodium polyacrylate 2% aq., and to acrylates/C10‐30 alkyl acrylate cross‐polymer 2% aq. (Carbopol®). The frequencies of positive, irritant, and doubtful reactions were recorded.ResultsIn total, 1302 patients were patch tested. To glyceryl acrylate/acrylic acid co‐polymer, there was one doubtful reaction in a patient allergic to multiple (meth)acrylates, and one irritant. To sodium polyacrylate, there were four irritant reactions, one doubtful, and one positive reaction; in all cases, relevance was unknown and there was no demonstrable (meth)acrylate allergy. There were no reactions to Carbopol®.ConclusionsSensitisation to these concentrations of the three tested ACPs is rare. Elicitation of dermatitis in (meth)acrylate‐sensitised patients by exposure to these three ACPs appears unlikely.
TFAP2A Activates S100A2 to Mediate Glutamine Metabolism and Promote Lung Adenocarcinoma Metastasis
Authors: Zeng Tao , Ren Wangsheng , Zeng Hang , Wang Dachun , Wu Xianyu , Xu Guo 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a fatal disease with metabolic abnormalities. The dysregulation of S100 calcium‐binding protein A2 (S100A2), a member of the S100 protein family, is connected to the development of various cancers. The impact of S100A2 on the LUAD occurrence and metastasis, however, has not yet been reported. The functional mechanism of S100A2 on LUAD cell metastasis was examined in this article.MethodsThe expression of TFAP2A and S100A2 in LUAD tissues and cells was analyzed by bioinformatics and qRT‐PCR, respectively. The enrichment pathway analysis was performed on S100A2. Bioinformatics analysis determined the binding relationship between TFAP2A and S100A2, and their interaction was validated through dual‐luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments. Cell viability was determined using cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8). A transwell assay was performed to analyze the invasion and migration of cells. Immunofluorescence was conducted to obtain vimentin and E‐cadherin expression, and a western blot was used to detect the expression of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, GLS, and GLUD1. The kits measured the NADPH/NADP ratio, glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels, and the contents of glutamine, α‐KG, and glutamate.ResultsS100A2 was upregulated in LUAD tissues and cells, and S100A2 mediated glutamine metabolism to induce LUAD metastasis. Additionally, the transcriptional regulator TFAP2A was discovered upstream of S100A2, and TFAP2A expression was upregulated in LUAD, which indicated that TFAP2A promoted the S100A2 expression. The rescue experiment found that upregulation of S100A2 could reverse the inhibitory effects of silencing TFAP2A on glutamine metabolism and cell metastasis.ConclusionIn conclusion, by regulating glutamine metabolism, the TFAP2A/S100A2 axis facilitated LUAD metastasis. This suggested that targeting S100A2 could be beneficial for LUAD treatment.
Whole‐Exome Sequencing and Experimental Validation Unveil the Roles of TMEM229A Q200del Mutation in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liang Yi‐Xian , Xie Yan‐Ping , Yu Huan‐Ming , Zhu Wen‐Juan , Yin Cheng‐Yi , Dong Zhao‐Hui , Zhang Xi‐Lin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the major histopathological types of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including solid, acinar, lepidic, papillary and micropapillary subtypes. Increasing evidence has shown that micropapillary LUAD is positively associated with a higher percentage of driver gene mutations, a higher incidence of metastasis and a poorer prognosis, while lepidic LUAD has a relatively better prognosis. However, the novel genetic change and its underlying mechanism in the progression of micropapillary LUAD have not been exactly determined.MethodsA total of 181 patients with LUAD who underwent surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University from January 2020 to December 2022 were enrolled. Three predominant lepidic and three predominant micropapillary LUAD tissue samples were carried out using whole‐exome sequencing. Comprehensive analysis of genomic variations and the difference between lepidic and micropapillary LUAD was performed. In addition, the TMEM229A Q200del mutation was verified using our cohort and TCGA‐LUAD datasets. The correlations between the TMEM229A Q200del mutation and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with LUAD were further analyzed. The functions and mechanisms of TMEM229A Q200del on NSCLC cell proliferation and migration were also determined.ResultsThe frequency of genomic changes in patients with micropapillary LUAD was higher than that in patients with lepidic LUAD. Mutations in EGFR, ATXN2, C14orf180, MUC12, NOTCH1, and PKD1L2 were concomitantly detected in three predominant micropapillary and three predominant lepidic LUAD cases. The TMEM229A Q200del mutation was only mutated in lepidic LUAD. Additionally, the TMEM229A Q200del mutation had occurred in 16 (8.8%) patients, and not found TMEM229A R76H and M346T mutations in our cohort, while TMEM229A mutations (R76H, M346T, and Q200del) occurred only in 1.0% of the TCGA‐LUAD cohort. Further correlation analysis between the TMEM229A Q200del mutation and clinicopathological characteristics suggested that a lower frequency of the Q200del mutation was significantly associated with positive lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, positive cancer thrombus, and pathological features. Finally, overexpression of TMEM229A Q200del suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Mechanistically, overexpression of TMEM229A and TMEM229A Q200del both reduced the expression level of phosphorylated (p)‐ERK and p‐AKT (Ser473), and the reduced protein level of p‐ERK in the TMEM229A Q200del group was more pronounced compared to the TMEM229A group.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that the TMEM229A Q200del mutant may play a protective role in the progression of LUAD via inactivating ERK pathway, providing a potential therapeutic target in LUAD.