bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and molecular regulation of lung maturation by intratracheal vascular endothelial growth factor administration in the normally grown and placentally restricted fetus
Authors: McGillick Erin V. , Orgeig Sandra , Morrison Janna L 
Published: November 2015

Key points
Ablation of hypoxia signalling leads to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Administering vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protects from RDS.
Reduced surfactant maturation in the chronically hypoxaemic placentally restricted (PR) fetus is associated with altered regulation of hypoxia signalling and may predispose to RDS.
We determined the effect of intratracheal VEGF administration on the expression of genes regulating vascularization, alveolarization, proliferation, inflammation, surfactant maturation and structural markers of lung maturation in the normally grown and PR fetus.
Although there were relatively few effects of VEGF on gene expression, there were positive effects on structural maturation in the normally grown and PR lung. There was no effect on fetal blood pressure or fetal breathing movements.
We have provided evidence that VEGF promotes structural fetal lung maturation and may result in synergistic effects if combined with current therapeutic treatments aiming to induce surfactant maturation and reduce the risk of RDS.
AbstractInhibition of hypoxia signalling leads to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), whereas administration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the most widely characterized hypoxia responsive factor, protects from RDS. In the lung of the chronically hypoxaemic placentally restricted (PR) fetus, there is altered regulation of hypoxia signalling. This leads to reduced surfactant maturation in late gestation and provides evidence for the increased risk of RDS in growth restricted neonates at birth. We evaluated the effect of recombinant human VEGF administration with respect to bypassing the endogenous regulation of hypoxia signalling in the lung of the normally grown and PR sheep fetus. There was no effect of VEGF administration on fetal blood pressure or fetal breathing movements. We examined the effect on the expression of genes regulating VEGF signalling (FLT1 and KDR), angiogenesis (ANGPT1, AQP1, ADM), alveolarization (MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1, COL1A1, ELN), proliferation (IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R, MKI67, PCNA), inflammation (CCL2, CCL4, IL1B, TNFA, TGFB1, IL10) and surfactant maturation (SFTP‐A, SFTP‐B, SFTP‐C, SFTP‐D, PCYT1A, LPCAT, LAMP3, ABCA3). Despite the effects of PR on the expression of genes regulating airway remodelling, inflammatory signalling and surfactant maturation, there were very few effects of VEGF administration on gene expression in the lung of both the normally grown and PR fetus. There were, however, positive effects of VEGF administration on percentage tissue, air space and numerical density of SFTP‐B positive alveolar epithelial cells in fetal lung tissue. These results provide evidence for the stimulatory effects of VEGF administration on structural maturation in the lung of both the normally grown and PR fetus.
Small Interfering RNA Pathway Modulates Initial Viral Infection in Midgut Epithelium of Insect after Ingestion of Virus
Authors: Lan Hanhong , Chen Hongyan , Liu Yuyan , Jiang Chaoyang , Mao Qianzhuo , Jia Dongsheng , Chen Qian , Wei Taiyun 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Numerous viruses are transmitted in a persistent manner by insect vectors. Persistent viruses establish their initial infection in the midgut epithelium, from where they disseminate to the midgut visceral muscles. Although propagation of viruses in insect vectors can be controlled by the small interfering RNA (siRNA) antiviral pathway, whether the siRNA pathway can control viral dissemination from the midgut epithelium is unknown. Infection by a rice virus (
Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus
[SRBSDV]) of its incompetent vector (the small brown planthopper [SBPH]) is restricted to the midgut epithelium. Here, we show that the siRNA pathway is triggered by SRBSDV infection in continuously cultured cells derived from the SBPH and in the midgut of the intact insect. Knockdown of the expression of the core component Dicer-2 of the siRNA pathway by RNA interference strongly increased the ability of SRBSDV to propagate in continuously cultured SBPH cells and in the midgut epithelium, allowing viral titers in the midgut epithelium to reach the threshold (1.99 × 10
9
copies of the SRBSDV
P10
gene/μg of midgut RNA) needed for viral dissemination into the SBPH midgut muscles. Our results thus represent the first elucidation of the threshold for viral dissemination from the insect midgut epithelium. Silencing of Dicer-2 further facilitated the transmission of SRBSDV into rice plants by SBPHs. Taken together, our results reveal the new finding that the siRNA pathway can control the initial infection of the insect midgut epithelium by a virus, which finally affects the competence of the virus's vector.

IMPORTANCE
Many viral pathogens that cause significant global health and agricultural problems are transmitted via insect vectors. The first bottleneck in viral infection, the midgut epithelium, is a principal determinant of the ability of an insect species to transmit a virus.
Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus
(SRBSDV) is restricted exclusively to the midgut epithelium of an incompetent vector, the small brown planthopper (SBPH). Here, we show that silencing of the core component Dicer-2 of the small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway increases viral titers in the midgut epithelium past the threshold (1.99 × 10
9
copies of the SRBSDV
P10
gene/μg of midgut RNA) for viral dissemination into the midgut muscles and then into the salivary glands, allowing the SBPH to become a competent vector of SRBSDV. This result is the first evidence that the siRNA antiviral pathway has a direct role in the control of viral dissemination from the midgut epithelium and that it affects the competence of the virus's vector.
A Betabaculovirus-Encoded
gp64
Homolog Codes for a Functional Envelope Fusion Protein
Authors: Ardisson-Araújo Daniel M. P. , Melo Fernando L. , Clem Rollie J. , Wolff José L. C. , Ribeiro Bergmann M. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

The GP64 envelope fusion protein is a hallmark of group I alphabaculoviruses. However, the Diatraea saccharalis granulovirus genome sequence revealed the first betabaculovirus species harboring a
gp64
homolog (
disa118
). In this work, we have shown that this homolog encodes a functional envelope fusion protein and could enable the infection and fusogenic abilities of a
gp64
-null prototype baculovirus. Therefore, GP64 may complement or may be in the process of replacing F protein activity in this virus lineage.
Quality improvement in documentation for patients with suspected facial fractures: use of a structured record keeping tool
Authors: Haworth Simon , Bates Anthony Simon , Beech Andrea , Knepil Gregor 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivePatients with injuries to the midface frequently sustain ophthalmic injuries and fractures to the facial bones. Despite this, basic ophthalmic examination and assessment of important clinical signs are often missing from the records of patients attending the emergency department (ED). We implemented a structured record keeping tool to improve documentation for patients presenting to the ED with midface injuries.MethodsAt our institution, a structured record keeping tool was introduced to document important clinical features of maxillofacial injuries. This assessment tool included 17 key clinical diagnostic signs and symptoms including a six-part basic ophthalmic examination. We audited 369 patients attending the ED with suspected midface bony injuries using this tool.ResultsA statistically significant improvement in the documentation of all six ophthalmic parameters was seen. The documentation rate of visual acuity increased by 41.1% (SE 2.8; p<0.001); diplopia by 45% (2.9; p<0.001); double vision by 51% (2.9; p<0.001); lateral subconjunctival haemorrhage with no posterior limit by 83% (2.6; p<0.001) and enopthalmous by 86% (2.4; p<0.001). Documenting whether pupils were equal and react to light increased by 14% (1.4; p<0.001). In addition, 10 out of 11 non-ophthalmic parameters showed significant improvement. The mean global record keeping score increased from 45.3% (95% CI 42.7% to 47.7%) to 99.1% (95% CI 98.2% to 100%; p<0.001).ConclusionsThis work demonstrates that a structured record keeping tool is a simple and effective method of significantly improving clinical documentation for patients with facial injuries presenting to the ED.
Defining ATM-Independent Functions of the Mre11 Complex with a Novel Mouse Model
Authors: Balestrini Alessia , Nicolas Laura , Yang-lott Katherine , Guryanova Olga A. , Levine Ross L. , Bassing Craig H. , Chaudhuri Jayanta , Petrini John H.J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Mre11 complex (Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1) occupies a central node of the DNA damage response (DDR) network and is required for ATM activation in response to DNA damage. Hypomorphic alleles of MRE11 and NBS1 confer embryonic lethality in ATM-deficient mice, indicating that the complex exerts ATM-independent functions that are essential when ATM is absent. To delineate those functions, a conditional ATM allele (ATMflox) was crossed to hypomorphic NBS1 mutants (Nbs1ΔB/ΔB mice). Nbs1ΔB/ΔB Atm−/− hematopoietic cells derived by crossing to vavcre were viable in vivo. Nbs1ΔB/ΔB Atm−/− VAV mice exhibited a pronounced defect in double-strand break repair and completely penetrant early onset lymphomagenesis. In addition to repair defects observed, fragile site instability was noted, indicating that the Mre11 complex promotes genome stability upon replication stress in vivo. The data suggest combined influences of the Mre11 complex on DNA repair, as well as the responses to DNA damage and DNA replication stress.Implications: A novel mouse model was developed, by combining a vavcre-inducible ATM knockout mouse with an NBS1 hypomorphic mutation, to analyze ATM-independent functions of the Mre11 complex in vivo. These data show that the DNA repair, rather than DDR signaling functions of the complex, is acutely required in the context of ATM deficiency to suppress genome instability and lymphomagenesis. Mol Cancer Res; 14(2); 185–95. ©2015 AACR.
BF*F allotype of the alternative pathway of complement: A marker of protection against the development of antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Picceli V F , Skare T L , Nisihara R M , Nass F R , Messias-Reason I T , Utiyama S R R 
Published: November 2015

Background B factor (BF) from the alternative complement pathway seems to participate in the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Objective To study the allotypic variability of BF in SLE and their associations with clinical and autoantibodies profile. Methods BF allotypes were determined by high-voltage agarose gel electrophoresis, under constant cooling, followed by immunofixation with anti-human BF antibody, in 188 SLE patients and 103 controls. Clinical and serological data were obtained from medical examination and records. Results No significant differences of BF variants between patients and controls were found, neither in relation to epidemiologic or clinical manifestations. Associations of phenotype BF SS07 and allotype BF*S07 were found with anticardiolipin IgM (aCl-IgM) antibodies ( p = 0.014 and p = 0.009 respectively), but not with aCl-IgG, lupus anticoagulant (LA), anti β2GPI or clinical APS. A significant decrease in BF*F allotype ( p = 0.043) and BF SF phenotype ( p = 0.018) was detected in patients with anti-phospholipid antibodies as a whole (aCl-IgG, aCl-IgM, LA and anti β2GPI). Conclusions There is a link between phenotype BF SS07 and allotype BF*S07 with aCl-IgM in SLE patients; BF*F allotype could be considered a marker of protection against the development of antiphospholipid antibodies in these patients.
SERPINE1 rs1799768 polymorphism contributes to sepsis risk and mortality
Authors: Shi Qiankun , Mu Xinwei , Hong Liang , Zheng Shuyun 
Published: November 2015

Introduction: The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether there is an association between SERPINE1 rs1799768 polymorphism and sepsis risk and mortality. Materials and methods: Published reports were searched in PubMed, PubMed Central, Gene, PubChem and Google Scholar. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were assessed in a random-effects model. Results: The results of the overall meta-analysis indicated that an increased sepsis risk was evidently associated with SERPINE1 rs1799768 polymorphism (OR = 1.30; 95% CI 1.08–1.56; p = 0.006). When studies were stratified by ethnicity, no significant association was observed between SERPINE1 rs1799768 polymorphism and sepsis risk in the Asian group. As for the Caucasian population, overall OR was 1.24 (95% CI 1.02–1.51; p = 0.03). The results of the overall meta-analysis indicated that an increased sepsis mortality risk was evidently associated with SERPINE1 rs1799768 polymorphism (OR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.31–2.28; p < 0.0001). When studies were stratified by ethnicity, significant association was observed between SERPINE1 rs1799768 polymorphism and sepsis risk mortality in the Asian group and the Caucasian population. Conclusions: In conclusion, the meta-analysis suggests that there are significant associations between SERPINE1 rs1799768 polymorphism and risk of sepsis and sepsis mortality.
The self-management experience of patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A qualitative study
Authors: Shirazian Shayan , Crnosija Natalie , Weinger Katie , Jacobson Alan M , Park Joonho , Tanenbaum Molly L , Gonzalez Jeffrey S , Mattana Joseph , Hammock Amy C 
Published: November 2015

Background The purpose of this study was to explore views related to the self-management of type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Methods We conducted three semi-structured focus groups in participants with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Credibility was supported through triangulation of data sources and the use of multiple investigators from different disciplines. Results Twenty-three adults participated. Three major themes were identified: emotional reactions to health state, the impact of family dynamics on self-management, and the burden of self-management regimens. Family dynamics were found to be a barrier and support to self-management, while complicated self-management regimens were found to be a barrier. Additionally, participants expressed several emotional reactions related to their CKD status, including regret related to having developed CKD and distress related both to their treatment regimens and the future possibility of dialysis. Conclusions This exploratory study of patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease describes barriers and supports to self-management and emotional reactions to chronic kidney disease status. Future research should confirm these findings in a larger population and should include family members and/or health care providers to help further define problems with self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
A phase 1 clinical trial of the selective BTK inhibitor ONO/GS-4059 in relapsed and refractory mature B-cell malignancies
Authors: Walter Harriet S. , Rule Simon A. , Dyer Martin J. S. , Karlin Lionel , Jones Ceri , Cazin Bruno , Quittet Philippe , Shah Nimish , Hutchinson Claire V. , Honda Hideyuki , Duffy Kevin , Birkett Joseph , Jamieson Virginia , Courtenay-Luck Nigel , Yoshizawa Toshio , Sharpe John , Ohno Tomoya , Abe Shinichiro , Nishimura Akihisa , Cartron Guillaume , Morschhauser Franck , Fegan Christopher , Salles Gilles 
Published: November 2015

Key Points
We report a first-in-human dose-escalation study in relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies with the potent BTK inhibitor ONO/GS-4059. ONO/GS-4059 induced clinically durable responses in relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies without significant toxicities.
Task implementation heterogeneity and wage dispersion
Authors: Visintin Stefano , Tijdens Kea , Steinmetz Stephanie , de Pedraza Pablo 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Wage dispersion among observationally similar workers is still only partially unexplained by economists from both a theoretical and an empirical point of view. Given that jobs can be broken down into tasks, namely units of work activities producing output, we empirically test whether part of the observed variation in wages across similar individuals is related to differences in the intensity with which tasks are implemented. We then investigate whether the variety in task implementation shown across occupations is related to cross-occupation wage levels. We found that the variation in task implementation in different occupations is related both to within-occupation wage dispersion and to cross-occupation wage levels: workers in high-wage occupations are less defined around a typical worker than those in other occupations.

JEL codes: J22, J24, J31
Role of G-CSF in monophosphoryl lipid A-mediated augmentation of neutrophil functions after burn injury
Authors: Bohannon Julia K , Luan Liming , Hernandez Antonio , Afzal Aqeela , Guo Yin , Patil Naeem K , Fensterheim Benjamin , Sherwood Edward R 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Infection is the leading cause of death in severely burned patients that survive the acute phase of injury. Neutrophils are the first line of defense against infections, but hospitalized burn patients frequently cannot mount an appropriate innate response to infection. Thus, immune therapeutic approaches aimed at improving neutrophil functions after burn injury may be beneficial. Prophylactic treatment with the TLR4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A is known to augment resistance to infection by enhancing neutrophil recruitment and facilitating bacterial clearance. This study aimed to define mechanisms by which monophosphoryl lipid A treatment improves bacterial clearance and survival in a model of burn-wound sepsis. Burn-injured mice were treated with monophosphoryl lipid A or vehicle, and neutrophil mobilization was evaluated in the presence or absence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Monophosphoryl lipid A treatment induced significant mobilization of neutrophils from the bone marrow into the blood and sites of infection. Neutrophil mobilization was associated with decreased bone marrow neutrophil CXCR4 expression and increased plasma G-CSF concentrations. Neutralization of G-CSF before monophosphoryl lipid A administration blocked monophosphoryl lipid A-induced expansion of bone marrow myeloid progenitors and mobilization of neutrophils into the blood and their recruitment to the site of infection. G-CSF neutralization ablated the enhanced bacterial clearance and survival benefit endowed by monophosphoryl lipid A in burn-wound-infected mice. Our findings provide convincing evidence that monophosphoryl lipid A-induced G-CSF facilitates early expansion, mobilization, and recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection after burn injury, allowing for a robust immune response to infection.
Epithelial topography for repetitive tooth formation
Authors: Gaete Marcia , Fons Juan Manuel , Popa Elena Mădălina , Chatzeli Lemonia , Tucker Abigail S. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
During the formation of repetitive ectodermally derived organs such as mammary glands, lateral line and teeth, the tissue primordium iteratively initiates new structures. In the case of successional molar development, new teeth appear sequentially in the posterior region of the jaw from Sox2+ cells in association with the posterior aspect of a pre-existing tooth. The sequence of molar development is well known, however, the epithelial topography involved in the formation of a new tooth is unclear. Here, we have examined the morphology of the molar dental epithelium and its development at different stages in the mouse in vivo and in molar explants. Using regional lineage tracing we show that within the posterior tail of the first molar the primordium for the second and third molar are organized in a row, with the tail remaining in connection with the surface, where a furrow is observed. The morphology and Sox2 expression of the tail retains characteristics reminiscent of the earlier stages of tooth development, such that position along the A-P axes of the tail correlates with different temporal stages. Sox9, a stem/progenitor cell marker in other organs, is expressed mainly in the suprabasal epithelium complementary with Sox2 expression. This Sox2 and Sox9 expressing molar tail contains actively proliferating cells with mitosis following an apico-basal direction. Snail2, a transcription factor implicated in cell migration, is expressed at high levels in the tip of the molar tail while E-cadherin and laminin are decreased. In conclusion, our studies propose a model in which the epithelium of the molar tail can grow by posterior movement of epithelial cells followed by infolding and stratification involving a population of Sox2+/Sox9+ cells.
The Orpington Prognostic Scale: A predictive tool for discharge destination and outcomes in stroke survivors admitted to a hyperacute stroke unit
Authors: Mohapatra Sushmita , Jones Amy 
Published: November 2015

Background/Aims: Accurate assessment of severity of impairment and prediction of prognosis following stroke are important for determining a patient's rehabilitation needs. This study investigates the predictive ability of the Orpington Prognostic Scale, administered within 72 hours of stroke onset, in determining discharge destination and outcomes from a hyperacute stroke unit. Methods: Prospective data were collected from 219 patients with confirmed diagnosis of stroke admitted to a hyperacute stroke unit. Initial Orpington Prognostic Scale scores were compared to discharge destination at 72 hours. The predictive ability of the scale was analysed using logistic regression and multivariate analysis. Results: A low score (<3.2) on the Orpington Prognostic Scale had a high positive predictive value (88.63%) for discharge home, while a high score (>3.2) had a high positive predictive value for further inpatient management (98.39%). The scale showed good predictive ability (odds ratio 27.691, 95% CI 9.852–77.825) for outcome after admission to the hyperacute stroke unit. This was independent of age, gender, type and site of stroke, previous social support and co-morbidity. Conclusions: The Orpington Prognostic Scale could be a valuable tool for predicting discharge destination from a hyperacute stroke unit by early identification of rehabilitation needs 72 hours after stroke following the initial screening. Patients with low scores are highly likely to go home with or without support/therapy, whereas high scorers will require further input in an inpatient setting.
Sorption of Cd2+ Ions From Aqueous Solutions on Organic Wastes / Sorpcja Jonów Cd2+ Z Roztworów Wodnych Na Odpadach Organicznych
Authors: Bożęcka Agnieszka , Sanak-Rydlewska Stanisława 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This article presents the results of research on the Cd2+ ions sorption from model aqueous solutions on sunflower hulls, walnut shells and plum stones. The effect of various factors, such as mass of the natural sorbent, the pH, the time and the temperature was studied. The process of Cd2+ ions sorption on studied sorbents was described by the Langmuir model. The best sorption capacity has been achieved for sunflower hulls. The maximum sorption capacity for this material was 19.93 mg/g.