bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fe K lines in the nuclear region of M82
Authors: Liu Jiren , Gou Lijun , Yuan Weimin , Mao Shude 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
We study the spatial distribution of the Fe 6.4 and 6.7 keV lines in the nuclear region of M82 using the Chandra archival data with a total exposure time of 500 ks. The deep exposure provides a significant detection of the Fe 6.4 keV line. Both the Fe 6.4 and 6.7 keV lines are diffuse emissions with similar spatial extent, but their morphology do not exactly follow each other. Assuming a thermal collisional-ionization-equilibrium (CIE) model, the fitted temperatures are around 5–6 keV and the Fe abundances are about 0.4–0.6 solar value. We also report the spectrum of a point source, which shows a strong Fe 6.7 keV line and is likely a supernova remnant or a superbubble. The fitted Fe abundance of the point source is 1.7 solar value. It implies that part of the iron may be depleted from the X-ray emitting gases as the predicted Fe abundance is about 5 times solar value if assuming a complete mixing. If this is a representative case of the Fe enrichment, a mild mass-loading of a factor of 3 will make the Fe abundance of the point source in agreement with that of the hot gas, which then implies that most of the hard X-ray continuum (2–8 keV) of M82 has a thermal origin. In addition, the Fe 6.4 keV line is consistent with the fluorescence emission irradiated by the hard photons from nuclear point sources.
TFBSshape: a motif database for DNA shape features of transcription factor binding sites
Authors: Yang Lin , Zhou Tianyin , Dror Iris , Mathelier Anthony , Wasserman Wyeth W. , Gordân Raluca , Rohs Remo 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) are most commonly characterized by the nucleotide preferences at each position of the DNA target. Whereas these sequence motifs are quite accurate descriptions of DNA binding specificities of transcription factors (TFs), proteins recognize DNA as a three-dimensional object. DNA structural features refine the description of TF binding specificities and provide mechanistic insights into protein–DNA recognition. Existing motif databases contain extensive nucleotide sequences identified in binding experiments based on their selection by a TF. To utilize DNA shape information when analysing the DNA binding specificities of TFs, we developed a new tool, the TFBSshape database (available at http://rohslab.cmb.usc.edu/TFBSshape/), for calculating DNA structural features from nucleotide sequences provided by motif databases. The TFBSshape database can be used to generate heat maps and quantitative data for DNA structural features (i.e., minor groove width, roll, propeller twist and helix twist) for 739 TF datasets from 23 different species derived from the motif databases JASPAR and UniPROBE. As demonstrated for the basic helix-loop-helix and homeodomain TF families, our TFBSshape database can be used to compare, qualitatively and quantitatively, the DNA binding specificities of closely related TFs and, thus, uncover differential DNA binding specificities that are not apparent from nucleotide sequence alone.
First Report of Diaporthe neoviticola Associated with Wood Cankers of Grapevine in Turkey
Authors: Akgül D. S. , Mayorquin J. S. , Eskalen A. 
Published: November 2013

In recent years, delayed bud bursting, cane bleaching, shoot dieback, and cankers in 1-year-old canes and perennial arms were observed in vineyards of the Aegean region (western Turkey). These symptoms were frequently observed on the following major table grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivars: ‘Alphonse Lavallée,’ ‘Cardinal,’ ‘Sultana Seedless,’ and ‘Trakya Ilkeren’ in 2012. To determine the causal agents, symptomatic woody tissues (0.5 cm2) were sampled from the canes of nine Manisa and four Salihli Cities (13 total) grapevine varieties and were plated onto potato dextrose agar amended with tetracycline (0.01%) (PDA-tet). A considerable amount of phomopsis-like fungi were isolated from the symptomatic tissues and fungal colonies were incubated for 2 to 3 weeks to induce sporulation. After incubation for 14 days at 24°C in the dark, white mycelial growth with undulating colony margins, and abundant pycnidia producing hyaline, ellipsoidal, fusoid α-conidia with invisible nuclei, and β-conidia, were observed on PDA, and they resembled species in the Diaporthaceae (1,2). The α-conidia dimensions were 9.3 to 10.2 × 1.9 to 2.9 μm (avg. 9.7 × 2.4 μm) and β-conidia were 19 to 24 × 0.5 to 1 μm (avg. 22 × 0.9 μm). For molecular identification, fungal DNA was extracted from mycelial mats and ribosomal DNA fragments (ITS1, 5.8S ITS2 rDNA, amplified with ITS4 and ITS5 primers) (3) were sequenced and the sequences were compared with those deposited in NCBI GenBank in a BLASTn search. The representative isolate (MBAi43AG) showed 99% homology with Diaporthe neoviticola isolate from New Zealand KC145831.1. The DNA sequence of the identified isolate was submitted to GenBank under accession number KF460427. Pathogenicity tests were conducted under controlled conditions (24°C, 16/8 h day/night, and 70% RH) on 1-cm-diameter, detached green grapevine cv. Cabernet Sauvignon canes (with leaves) using the isolate of D. neoviticola specified above. The shoots were wounded by creating a 5-mm-diameter incision with a sterile scalpel. An agar disc with mycelia and pycniospores was placed into each wound and covered with Parafilm. Sterile PDA plugs were used as mock inoculum for the control plants. There were 10 replicates per treatment and the experiment was repeated twice. After 1 month of incubation, the green shoots were examined for the extent of superficial blackish lesions. The average lesion length on inoculated shoots was 18.2 mm for D. neoviticola. No lesions were observed in the control shoots. The fungal isolate was successfully re-isolated from 96% of inoculated shoots to fulfill Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. neoviticola causing wood canker and dieback of shoots on grapevine in Turkey. References: (1) R. R. Gomes. Persoonia 31:1, 2013. (2) D. Udayanga et al. Fungal Diversity 56:157, 2012. (3) J. M. van Niekerk et al. Australas. Plant Pathol. 34:27, 2005.
First Report of Stolbur Phytoplasma Affecting Cichorium intybus in Serbia
Authors: Pavlovic S. , Starović M. , Stojanovic S. D. , Kojic S. , Marinkovic J. , Josic D. 
Published: November 2013

Chicory (Cichorium intybus, Asteraceae) is a typical Mediterranean plant indigenous to Europe, western Asia, Egypt, and North America (3). It is commonly consumed as a fresh vegetable in salads. In rural areas of Serbia it grows as a weed in crops, but it is used in folk medicine to treat skin disorders due to its antihepatotoxic activity (3). Methanol extracts of chicory leaves showed moderate antibacterial activity against enteric bacteria (3). A phytoplasma-like disease, expressed as proliferation of chicory shoots and flowers, was observed on wild plants for the first time in Obrenovac vicinity (44°40′ N, 20°20′ E) in July 2012. A flattening of the stem with a large number of filamentous leaves, contortion and abnormal growth of flowers on the stem (typical fasciation symptoms) were observed. Diseased plants did not produce seeds. Total DNA was extracted from the leaf midveins of 15 symptomatic and five symptomless plants (4). PCR amplification of 1.5-kb 16S rDNA fragment was performed using DreamTaq Green master mix (Thermo Scientific, Lithuania) and phytoplasma universal primer pairs P1/16S-Sr (1). Products of nested PCR (1.2 kb) were obtained using primer pair R16F2n/R2 (1). Both amplicons were detected in all diseased samples; however, DNA from symptomless samples yielded no amplicons. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of R16F2n/R2 PCR products was performed in independent reactions using four endonucleases (AluI, TruI1, HhaI and HpaII). RFLP patterns from chicory samples were compared to those of Stolbur (STOL), Aster Yellows (AY), Flavescence Dorée-C (FD-C), Poinsettia Branch-Inducing (PoiBI), and Clover Yellow Edge (CYE) phytoplasmas (1). All RFLP profiles from the chicory samples were identical to STOL reference strain, indicating that diseased chicory was affected by a phytoplasma that belongs to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (16SrXII-A group). The 16S rDNA sequence of representative sample from symptomatic plant (Vp4) was deposited under accession number KF661322 in NCBI GenBank. It showed 100% identity to KF263684.1 from Iranian peach, JQ730742.1 from Serbian valerian, and JQ730750 from Serbian corn, all belonging to the ‘Ca. P. solani’ taxon. Puna chicory disease on C. intybus associated with a subgroup 16SrV-B of phytoplasma was detected in China (2). This is the first report of the Stolbur phytoplasma associated with fasciation of C. intybus in Serbia and worldwide. References: (1) I. M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 56:1593, 2006. (2) Z. N. Li et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 34:34, 2012. (3) J. Petrovic et al. Fitoterapia 75:737, 2004. (4) J. P. Prince. Phytopathology 83:1130, 1993.
Occurrence of a Fruit Spot Disease of Pear Caused by Septoria pyricola in Tyrnavos Larissa, Northern Greece
Authors: Thomidis T. , Katerinis S. 
Published: November 2013

Pear tree (Pyrus communis) is an important crop in Greece. In 2012, fruits of the pear cv. Kontoula were observed in commercial fields located in Tirnavos, Prefecture of Larrisa, Greece, with symptoms of well-defined brown angular margins and their grayish white centers in which a few pycnidia (about 180 × 150 μm) were produced within the spots. Pycnidia were dark, separate, and globe-shaped with an ostiole (opening at the apex) from which conidia (about 40 to 60 × 3 μm) were extruded, and erupted through the surface of the infected tissue. Conidia were produced on short conidiophores. They were clear, narrowly elongated to filiform, and several-celled. The pathogen was isolated on acidified-PDA (2.5 ml 85% lactic acid per liter of nutrient medium) and incubated at 23°C for 7 days. The pathogen was identified as Septoria pyricola Desm. based on morphological characteristics. Koch's postulates were completed in the laboratory by placing a 40-μl drop of suspension (4 × 105 conidia ml−1 of water) on a wounded area of healthy fruits of cv. Kontoula. Fruits were surface sterilized with dipping in 0.1% chlorine solution, allowed to dry in a laminar flow hood. There were 15 inoculated and 15 control fruits (similarly inoculated with sterile distilled water) in a randomized design. Fruits were covered with perforated polythene bags to maintain a high humidity necessary for infection and these bags were removed 48 h after inoculation and maintained at room temperature (23 ± 2°C). Lesion development was recorded daily for each fruit. Koch's postulates were satisfied after re-isolating the fungus from inoculated fruit that developed symptoms similar to those observed on fruits collected from fields. Symptoms of this disease were found in all pear orchards cultivating the cv. Kontoula located in Tyrnavos (a municipality in the Prefecture of Larissa). Symptoms of septoria leaf spot were also observed in the above pear orchards. In contrast, no symptom of septoria fruit spot and septoria leaf spot was observed in apple orchards of the above regions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of S. pyricola as causal agent of fruit spot of pears in Greece. Fruit spotting is relatively uncommon; nevertheless, Sivanesan (3) gives two reports of conidia infecting pear fruits from Italy and South Africa (1,2). References: (1) G. Florenzano. Int. Bull. Plant Prot. 20:17, 1946. (2) A. J. Louw. Farming in South Africa 23:737, 1948. (3) A. Sivanesan. IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, vol. 99, sheet 989. CABI, Wallingford, UK, 1990.
Understanding value from arts sponsorship: a social exchange theory perspective
Authors: Tyrie Anna , Ferguson Shelagh 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– Social exchange theory literature posits that a relationship is dependent on the strength of its social interactions and is clear upon the role of trust, power and commitment within that relationship as a means of value creation. However, an understanding of the nature of experiences, expectations, motivations and perceptions as components of the value derivation process are missing. SET literature does not identify these components as antecedents to value creation but central to value derived. This research builds upon that premise to give understanding into how value is derived from arts sponsorships.

Design/methodology/approach
– A qualitative exploratory approach is used to research arts sponsorships in New Zealand of differing size, duration and profile.

Findings
– This research gives understanding into the nature of experiences, expectations, motivations and perceptions as components parts of value derivation and their interactions resulting in the creation of an iterative value derivation model of the life cycle of an arts sponsorship relationship from a business perspective.

Originality/value
– This research has relevance for both academics and marketing managers involved in arts sponsorship. The findings from this research can be used as an analytical tool to help businesses when evaluating their arts sponsorship.
Employees' rights during insolvency
Authors: Nyombi Chrispas 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– This paper aims to provide an examination of the position employees find themselves during corporate insolvencies. The paper examines employees' rights under insolvency procedures such as administration, company voluntary arrangements (CVA), administrative receivership, pre-packs and liquidation, to establish whether the rescue goal can be affected by employees' claims. Priorities in liquidation are also widely examined to establish the status of employees under this procedure and their entitlements.

Design/methodology/approach
– Legal analysis.

Findings
– The law offers more protection to employees than unsecured creditors. In comparison to unsecured creditors and even floating charge security holders, employment claims stand in a highly enviable position during insolvency.

Originality/value
– The paper offers a wholesale assessment of the rights of employees during insolvency. There is a lacuna in research literature that addresses the issue of employment rights during insolvency.
Party system nationalisation and social spending
Authors: Jurado Ignacio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractParty systems diverge in their levels of nationalisation. While in some countries parties obtain similar levels of electoral support in all districts, in others parties get very asymmetric electoral shares across districts. The distributive consequences of this have been seldom studied. The argument tested here is that when political parties have nationalised electorates they have stronger incentives to provide social policies that spread benefits all over the territory. This argument is tested in 22 OECD democracies for the period 1980−2006. The results show that, regardless of the electoral system in place, there is a positive relation between party system nationalisation and social spending.
Design and roll out of standardised approach to paediatric procedural sedation in Victorian emergency departments
Authors: Pannifex Jan , Cetiner Elif , Wilkie Theresa , Kelly Anne‐Maree ,   Paediatric Procedural Sedation Reference Group
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectivesChildren sometimes require minor procedures in the ED for which sedation is needed. Information from Victorian EDs indicated that processes for paediatric procedural sedation were variable, both within and between health services. The aims of this project were to improve safety and reduce variation in practice with respect to paediatric procedural sedation in EDs by rolling out a standardised paediatric sedation programme in Victorian EDs.MethodsThe project was managed by a clinical network with support of an expert reference group; however, implementation was conducted at the local ED level. The approach was multi‐modal and grounded in quality and safety theory. It included revision of evidence‐based training materials, information sheets and risk assessment/procedure documentation forms, information on a child and family‐centred approach, a before‐and‐after clinical governance assessment, and train‐the‐trainer activities. The project was evaluated by clinical audit of cases, analysis of before‐and‐after clinical governance assessments, numbers of staff completing training and credentialing, and qualitative feedback on the programme from ED staff.ResultsFourteen EDs completed the project; 10 metropolitan and four regional/rural. Significant shifts in nine key clinical governance items were found, including structured training and credentialing, provision of parent information sheet, and monitoring of adverse events. The clinical audit showed >75% compliance, with seven indicators including recording of weight, fasting time and baseline observations, composition of sedation team, and documentation that discharge criteria were met. Nine hundred and seventy‐one staff were trained within the project period.ConclusionThis multi‐modal implementation strategy has achieved clinical practice improvement across organisational boundaries.
Sensitivity and specificity of three‐point compression ultrasonography performed by emergency physicians for proximal lower extremity deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Crowhurst Thomas D , Dunn Robert J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aims to quantify the sensitivity and specificity of three‐point compression ultrasonography for diagnosing proximal lower extremity deep venous thrombosis when performed by Australian consultant emergency physicians with limited specific training. Secondary aims included quantifying rapidity, technical adequacy, predictability of equivocal results and relationships between emergency physician experience and proficiency.MethodsThis prospective diagnostic study enrolled a convenience sample of adult patients presenting to a major ED with suspected lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. The index test was abbreviated compression ultrasonography examining three points: common femoral, proximal great saphenous and popliteal veins. Emergency physicians received specific training. The reference test was full‐leg duplex ultrasonography in the Radiology Department.ResultsA total of 15 emergency physicians participated, enrolling 178 subjects. Sensitivity of the index test was 77.8% (95% confidence interval: 54.8–91.0%), specificity was 91.4% (95% confidence interval: 84.9%–95.3%) and accuracy was 89.6% (95% confidence interval: 83.1–94.2%). Median duration of the index test was 10 min 34 s (interquartile range: 6 min 31 s) and ED diagnosis occurred significantly before Radiology Department diagnosis. The only statistically significant relationship between emergency physician experience and proficiency related to rapidity, which increased from the 36th scan. Equivocal index tests occurred in 9.2% of examinations and emergency physicians predicted equivocal assessments with specificity of 86.1% (95% confidence interval: 78.8–91.1%).ConclusionsAbbreviated ultrasonography performed by emergency physicians for proximal lower extremity deep venous thrombosis could be valuable. However, more precise estimates for sensitivity and greater understanding of relationships between emergency physician experience and proficiency are required.
The relationship between advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and biochemical and histopathological findings in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Ozenirler Seren , Erkan Gulbanu , Konca Degertekin Ceyla , Ercin Ugur , Cengiz Mustafa , Bilgihan Ayse , Yilmaz Guldal , Akyol Gulen 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels and biochemical and histopathological findings in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).MethodsSixty biopsy‐provenNASHpatients and 60 individuals with ultrasonographically healthy liver (the control group) were included in the study.AOPPlevels were determined in all the participants and liver histopathological examination based on liver biopsy was performed in NASH patients. TheNASHactivity score (NAS), hepatosteatosis, liver inflammation and fibrosis were evaluated.ResultsSerumAOPPlevel was significantly higher in theNASHgroup than that in the control group (461.8 ± 201.9 μmol/Lvs191.7 ± 152.5 μmol/L,P < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed a sensitivity of 73.3% and a specificity of 88.3% for the diagnosis ofNASHwith anAOPPcut‐off value of 332 μmol/L (the area underROCcurve 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.82–0.94,P < 0.01).AOPPlevels were positively correlated withNAS(r = 0.27,P = 0.035), fibrosis (r = 0.27,P = 0.037) and inflammation (r = 0.34,P = 0.008), but not the grade of steatosis (r = 0.02,P = 0.83) or ballooning (r = 0.02,P = 0.55).ConclusionsAOPPlevels are significantly higher in patients withNASHthan in those with ultrasonographically healthy liver.AOPPlevels are positively correlated with biochemical and histopathological findings (NAS, liver inflammation and fibrosis), indicating thatAOPPmay play a role in the development of liver fibrosis and inflammation and may predict liver histopathology inNASH.
The efficacy of adductor canal blockade after minor arthroscopic knee surgery – a randomised controlled trial
Authors: ESPELUND M. , FOMSGAARD J. S. , HARASZUK J. , DAHL J. B. , MATHIESEN O. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundAdductor canal blockade (ACB) has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of post‐operative pain after major knee surgery. We hypothesised that the ACB would reduce pain and analgesic requirements after minor arthroscopic knee surgery.MethodsSeventy‐two patients scheduled for minor knee surgery were enrolled in this placebo‐controlled, blinded trial. The patients were randomised to receive an ACB with either 30 ml ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml (n = 36) or saline (n = 35) in addition to a basic analgesic regimen with paracetamol and ibuprofen. Primary outcome measure was pain during standing at 2 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes were pain at rest, while standing and after a 5‐m walk; opioid consumption and opioid‐related side effects 0–24 h after surgery.ResultsPain scores {median [interquartile range (IQR)]}, regarding primary outcome were 15 (0–26) mm in the ropivacaine vs. 17 (5–28) mm in the control group, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−10 to 4) mm, P = 0.41. Ketobemidone consumption 0–2 h post‐operatively [median (IQR)] was lower in the ropivacaine vs. the control group: 0.0 (0.0–2.5) mg vs. 2.5 (0.0–5.0) mg, 95% CI: −2.5 to 0 mg, P = 0.01. No differences were observed for any other outcome.ConclusionNo significant analgesic effect of the ACB could be detected after minor arthroscopic knee surgery with a basic analgesic regimen with acetaminophen and ibuprofen, except from a minor reduction in immediate requirements for supplemental opioids.Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01254825.
Peripheral oxygen extraction in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice
Authors: Junejo M. A. , Siriwardena A. K. , Parker M. J. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryMalignant obstructive jaundice is associated with poor aerobic capacity. We measured oxygen consumption and oxygen extraction (arterial‐venous oxygen content) in the legs of nine patients during cardiopulmonary exercise testing before pancreaticoduodenectomy. The median (IQR [range]) peak oxygen consumption was 67 (49–77 [32–84])% of predicted. Normal patterns of oxygen extraction were seen with increasing power towards lactate threshold. Near maximal oxygen extraction occurred at peak exercise. Femoral venous oxygen pressure and saturation exceeded baseline values whilst recovering from exercise. These findings suggest that peripheral oxygen extraction is normal during exercise in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice. The primary limitation in oxygen consumption is reduced oxygen delivery.