bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Outcomes following Single-Portal Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: Means K. R. , Dubin N. H. , Patel K. M. , Pletka J. D. 
Published: February 2014

Background There is limited published information about long-term outcomes and recurrence rates following ***single-portal endoscopic carpal tunnel release. Methods We reviewed symptom and function outcomes from a prospectively collected database of patients who underwent single-portal endoscopic carpal tunnel release at a minimum of 8 years follow-up. Out of 207 patients in the original database, we were able to confirm correct current contact information for 106 patients. Of these, 91 patients with 115 single-portal endoscopic carpal tunnel releases agreed to participate. All of these patients were eligible for this long-term follow-up study based on documented preoperative and 6-month postoperative Levine-Katz questionnaire scores. Patients then completed a current update of the Levine-Katz questionnaires to assess function and symptom outcomes at latest follow-up. Results The average 6-month postoperative scores were significantly lower compared with the average preoperative scores and were maintained at long-term follow-up. There were no significant differences in average change in scores at long-term follow-up compared to 6-months postoperative. Conclusions Single-portal endoscopic carpal tunnel release is an effective surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome. Low recurrence rates and maintenance of low symptom and function scores can be expected at 8 to 10 years following this technique.
On the beta-expansions of 1 and algebraic numbers for a Salem number beta
Authors: KANEKO HAJIME 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe study the digits of $\beta $-expansions in the case where $\beta $ is a Salem number. We introduce new upper bounds for the numbers of occurrences of consecutive 0s in the expansion of 1. We also give lower bounds for the numbers of non-zero digits in the $\beta $-expansions of algebraic numbers. As applications, we give criteria for transcendence of the values of power series at certain algebraic points.
DNS of a turbulent boundary layer with surface roughness
Authors: Cardillo James , Chen Yi , Araya Guillermo , Newman Jensen , Jansen Kenneth , Castillo Luciano 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA pioneer direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a turbulent boundary layer at $R{e}_{\theta } = 2077{{\unicode{x2013}}}2439$, was performed, on a rough surface and with a zero pressure gradient (ZPG). The boundary layer was subjected to transitional, 24-grit sandpaper surface roughness, with a roughness parameter of ${k}^{+ } \simeq 11$. The computational method involves a synergy of the dynamic multi-scale approach devised by Araya et al. (2011) for prescribing inlet turbulent boundary conditions and a new methodology for mapping high-resolution topographical surface data into a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) environment. It is shown here that the dynamic multi-scale approach can be successfully extended to simulations which incorporate surface roughness. The DNS results demonstrate good agreement with the laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) measurements performed by Brzek et al. (2008) and Schultz & Flack (2003) under similar conditions in terms of mean velocity profiles, Reynolds stresses and flow parameters, such as the skin friction coefficient, boundary and momentum thicknesses. Further, it is demonstrated that the effects of the surface roughness on the Reynolds stresses, at the values of $R{e}_{\theta } = 2077{{\unicode{x2013}}}2439$, are scale-dependent. Roughness effects were mainly manifested up to $y/ \delta \approx 0. 1$. Generally speaking, it was observed that inner peak values of Reynolds stresses increased when considering outer units. However, decreases were seen in inner units. In the outer region, the most significant differences between the present DNS smooth and rough cases were computed in the wall-normal component $\langle {v}^{\prime 2} \rangle $ of the Reynolds stresses and in the Reynolds shear stresses $\langle {u}^{\prime } {v}^{\prime } \rangle $ in outer units. From the resulting flow fields a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis is performed and the effects of the surface roughness are distinctly observed in the most energetic POD modes. The POD analysis shows that the surface roughness causes a redistribution of the kinetic energy amongst the POD modes with energy being shifted from low-order to high-order modes in the rough case versus the smooth case. Also, the roughness causes a marked decrease in the characteristic wavelengths observed in the POD modes, particularly in the streamwise component of the velocity field. Low-order modes of the streamwise component demonstrated characteristic wavelengths of the order of $3\delta $ in the smooth case, whereas the same modes for the rough case demonstrated characteristic wavelengths of only $\delta $.
Efficacy and safety of inferior turbinates coblation in children
Authors: Bitar M A , Kanaan A A , Sinno S 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjective:To assess the effectiveness and safety of coblation in relieving inferior turbinate hypertrophy in children.Methods:An observational cohort study was undertaken. The severity of allergic rhinitis and the severity and degree of nasal obstruction were assessed using subjective and clinical symptom grading tools, a visual analogue scale, and endoscopy. Any post-operative complications were noted at 1 week, and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-operatively. Data from extended follow-up periods were included when available. The statistical significance of changes in parameter values was assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Results:Thirty-two patients were recruited (mean age, 11.28 years; range, 6–17 years). Significant post-operative improvement (p < 0.001) was noted in the severity and degree of nasal obstruction. This improvement was maintained after a mean follow-up period of 10.5 months (range, 1 month to 4 years). No mucosal ulceration or adhesion was encountered. Minimal crusting was noted in 8.57 per cent of patients at 1-week follow up. Allergic rhinitis symptoms improved significantly.Conclusion:Inferior turbinate reduction by coblation is an effective and safe procedure in children aged six years and older. The positive outcomes seem to be long-lasting.
Reduced gray matter volume in the anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal cortex and thalamus as a function of mild depressive symptoms: a voxel-based morphometric analysis
Authors: Webb C. A. , Weber M. , Mundy E. A. , Killgore W. D. S. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundStudies investigating structural brain abnormalities in depression have typically employed a categorical rather than dimensional approach to depression [i.e. comparing subjects with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-defined major depressive disorder (MDD)v. healthy controls]. The National Institute of Mental Health, through their Research Domain Criteria initiative, has encouraged a dimensional approach to the study of psychopathology as opposed to an over-reliance on categorical (e.g. DSM-based) diagnostic approaches. Moreover, subthreshold levels of depressive symptoms (i.e. severity levels below DSM criteria) have been found to be associated with a range of negative outcomes, yet have been relatively neglected in neuroimaging research.MethodTo examine the extent to which depressive symptoms – even at subclinical levels – are linearly related to gray matter volume reductions in theoretically important brain regions, we employed whole-brain voxel-based morphometry in a sample of 54 participants.ResultsThe severity of mild depressive symptoms, even in a subclinical population, was associated with reduced gray matter volume in the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, thalamus, superior temporal gyrus/temporal pole and superior frontal gyrus. A conjunction analysis revealed concordance across two separate measures of depression.ConclusionsReduced gray matter volume in theoretically important brain regions can be observed even in a sample that does not meet DSM criteria for MDD, but who nevertheless report relatively elevated levels of depressive symptoms. Overall, these findings highlight the need for additional research using dimensional conceptual and analytic approaches, as well as further investigation of subclinical populations.
Mapping collective behavior in the big-data era
Authors: Bentley R. Alexander , O'Brien Michael J. , Brock William A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe behavioral sciences have flourished by studying how traditional and/or rational behavior has been governed throughout most of human history by relatively well-informed individual and social learning. In the online age, however, social phenomena can occur with unprecedented scale and unpredictability, and individuals have access to social connections never before possible. Similarly, behavioral scientists now have access to “big data” sets – those from Twitter and Facebook, for example – that did not exist a few years ago. Studies of human dynamics based on these data sets are novel and exciting but, if not placed in context, can foster the misconception that mass-scale online behavior is all we need to understand, for example, how humans make decisions. To overcome that misconception, we draw on the field of discrete-choice theory to create a multiscale comparative “map” that, like a principal-components representation, captures the essence of decision making along two axes: (1) aneast–westdimension that represents the degree to which an agent makes a decision independently versus one that is socially influenced, and (2) anorth–south dimensionthat represents the degree to which there is transparency in the payoffs and risks associated with the decisions agents make. We divide the map into quadrants, each of which features a signature behavioral pattern. When taken together, the map and its signatures provide an easily understood empirical framework for evaluating how modern collective behavior may be changing in the digital age, including whether behavior is becoming more individualistic, as people seek out exactly what they want, or more social, as people become more inextricably linked, even “herdlike,” in their decision making. We believe the map will lead to many new testable hypotheses concerning human behavior as well as to similar applications throughout the social sciences.
An addition to Kurzban et al.'s model: Thoroughness of cost-benefit analyses depends on the executive tasks at hand
Authors: Bruyneel Sabrina D. , Dewitte Siegfried 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThough Kurzban et al.'s model explains a considerable set of empirical findings, it cannot accommodate other results without relying on extra assumptions. We offer an addition to the model, and suggest that cost-benefit analyses themselves depend on executive function, and therefore can be biased. The adapted model allows for explaining depletion effects, as well as their reversals, documented in the literature.
On treating effort as a dynamically varying cost input
Authors: Hofmann Wilhelm , Kotabe Hiroki 
Published: February 2014

AbstractKurzban et al.'s framework may be extended in fruitful ways by treating effort also as a cost input that affects the utility computation of a given option (rather than only as the output of a utility comparison between options). The weight people assign to effort as a cost may vary dynamically as a function of situational and dispositional factors.
Opportunity prioritization, biofunctional simultaneity, and psychological mutual exclusion
Authors: Iran-Nejad Asghar , Zengaro Sally Ann 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe argue that prioritization, simultaneity, and mutual exclusion are mind-body integration functions that can't be addressed meaningfully at the psychological (computational) level alone. We describe the outlook for an integration between Kurzban et al.'s profound discussion of opportunity cost/benefit prioritization and decades of related development in biofunctional science.
An expanded perspective on the role of effort phenomenology in motivation and performance
Authors: Molden Daniel C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractKurzban and colleagues propose that experiences of effort alter motivations to persist during goal pursuit by highlighting costs of persistence. I expand this proposal by discussing how effort experiences (a) not only influence, but can be influenced by motivations to persist on a goal; and (b) not only highlight costs that undermine persistence, but can also signal progress and increase persistence.
Mental effort and fatigue as consequences of monotony
Authors: Prudkov Pavel N. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractKurzban et al. associate mental effort and fatigue with a hypothetical mechanism able to estimate the utilities of possible actions and then select the action with a maximal utility. However, this approach faces fundamental problems. In my opinion, mental effort and fatigue are results of a conflict between the monotony of long-term activities and the novelty-processing systems.
Subjective effort derives from a neurological monitor of performance costs and physiological resources
Authors: Tops Mattie , Boksem Maarten A. S. , Koole Sander L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractKurzban et al.'s expectancy-value mechanism of effort allocation seems relevant in situations when familiar tasks are initiated. However, we think additional mechanisms are important when people continue with a task for a prolonged time. These mechanisms, which are particularly relevant for performance of novel or urgent tasks, involve neural systems that track performance costs and resources.
Effort processes in achieving performance outcomes: Interrelations among and roles of core constructs
Authors: Wright Rex A. , Pantaleo Giuseppe 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe address points of confusion pertaining to interrelations among and roles of core constructs involved in the production of performance outcomes. We do so informed by the body of work derived from Brehm's seminal motivation intensity theory – in particular an elaboration from the theory concerned with fatigue influence on effort and associated cardiovascular responses in people confronted with performance challenges.
Persistence: What does research on self-regulation and delay of gratification have to say?
Authors: Zayas Vivian , Günaydin Gül , Pandey Gayathri 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDespite the simplicity of Kurzban et al.'s framework, we argue that important information is lost in their simplification. We discuss research on delay of gratification and self-regulation that identifies key situational and psychological factors affecting how people represent rewards and costs. These factors affect the expected utilities of behavioral options and thus dramatically influence whether individuals persist on a difficult task.
Big data in the new media environment
Authors: O'Donnell Matthew Brook , Falk Emily B. , Konrath Sara 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBentley et al. argue for the social scientific contextualization of “big data” by proposing a four-quadrant model. We suggest extensions of theeast–west(i.e., socially motivated versus independently motivated) decision-making dimension in light of findings from social psychology and neuroscience. We outline a method that leverages linguistic tools to connect insights across fields that address the individuals underlying big-data media streams.
It's distributions all the way down!: Second order changes in statistical distributions also occur
Authors: Keane Mark T. , Gerow Aaron 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe textual, big-data literature misses Bentley et al.’s message on distributions; it largely examines the first-order effects of how a single, signature distribution can predict population behaviour, neglecting second-order effects involving distributional shifts, either between signature distributions or within a given signature distribution. Indeed, Bentley et al. themselves under-emphasise the potential richness of the latter, within-distribution effects.
Using big data to predict collective behavior in the real world
Authors: Moat Helen Susannah , Preis Tobias , Olivola Christopher Y. , Liu Chengwei , Chater Nick 
Published: February 2014

AbstractRecent studies provide convincing evidence that data on online information gathering, alongside massive real-world datasets, can give new insights into real-world collective decision making and can even anticipate future actions. We argue that Bentley et al.’s timely account should consider the full breadth, and, above all, the predictive power of big data.
Independent decisions are fictional from a psychological perspective
Authors: Pfister Hans-Rüdiger , Böhm Gisela 
Published: February 2014

AbstractContrasting independent with socially influenced decision making does not capture crucial differences in decision making. Independence is fictional, and social influences substantially permeate preference construction. A distinction between deliberate and intuitive decision making would be more useful, and the problem in the big-data era is deciding when it is better to rely on deliberation and when to trust one's intuitions.
Interaction between social influence and payoff transparency
Authors: Zhou Xinyue , Xie Wenwen , Ye Maolin 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSocial influence and payoff transparency interact with each other to influence decision making. Social influence masks payoff transparency, and lacking transparency drives people to seek social influence. Moreover, our survey supports our claim by showing that social influence and payoff transparency correlate with each other (r(53) = –.71). Bentley et al.’s model can be revised to accommodate the covariance.
More on maps, terrains, and behaviors
Authors: Bentley R. Alexander , O'Brien Michael J. , Brock William A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn a recent New York Times column (April 15, 2013), David Brooks discussed how the big-data agenda lacks a coherent framework of social theory – a deficiency that the Bentley, O'Brien, and Brock (henceforth BOB) model was meant to overcome. Or, stated less pretentiously, the model was meant as a first step in that direction – a map that hopefully would serve as a minimal, practical, and accessible framework that behavioral scientists could use to analyze big data. Rather than treating big data as a record of, and also a predictor of, where and when certain behaviors might take place, the BOB model is interested in what big data reveal about how decisions are being made, how collective behavior evolves from daily to decadal time scales, and how this varies across communities.
Satisfaction with daily activities after retirement in Europe
Authors: BONSANG ERIC , VAN SOEST ARTHUR 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the determinants of satisfaction with daily activities among retirees aged 65 years or older in 11 European countries. We use data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe on self-assessed satisfaction with daily activities and anchoring vignettes to correct for potential differences in response scales across countries and socio-demographic groups. On average, retired Europeans appear to be satisfied with their daily activities, but there are large differences across countries: respondents from Northern countries tend to be more satisfied than individuals from Central European or Mediterranean countries. Our analysis shows that correcting for response scale differentials alters the country ranking for satisfaction with daily activities but hardly affects the conclusions on the factors driving within-country differences between socio-demographic groups.
Theological construction in the offices in honour of St Knud Lavard
Authors: PETERSEN NILS HOLGER 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the theology of the late twelfth-century offices in honour of the Danish patron saint Knud Lavard, asking to what extent this theology can be seen to have been underlined in musical representations. Altogether, there is surprisingly little war imagery in the offices. Although Knud Lavard was a military leader, adux, and is presented in the offices as amiles Christi,and although some formulations in the office can be read to construct him as a crusader, his mildness and his passive suffering are much more emphasized. Indeed, the theological tenor is that of a Christ-like martyr being slaughtered without resistance. The emphasis is thus on suffering as a consequence of evil and unprovoked aggression, verbally as well as musically. This will be underscored by textual as well as musical analysis of central parts of the offices, focusing on the relationship between the responsories and the homiletic readings of the last Nocturns of Matins, which so far have not been much discussed in scholarship, taking also the sequence for the Translation Mass,Diem festum veneremur, into consideration.
Wet-STEM Tomography: Principles, Potentialities and Limitations
Authors: Masenelli-Varlot Karine , Malchère Annie , Ferreira José , Heidari Mezerji Hamed , Bals Sara , Messaoudi Cédric , Marco Garrido Sergio 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe characterization of biological and inorganic materials by determining their three-dimensional structure in conditions closer to their native state is a major challenge of technological research. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) provides access to the observation of hydrated samples in water environments. Here, we present a specific device for ESEM in the scanning transmission electron microscopy mode, allowing the acquisition of tilt-series suitable for tomographic reconstructions. The resolution which can be obtained with this device is first determined. Then, we demonstrate the feasibility of tomography on wet materials. The example studied here is hydrophilic mesoporous silica (MCM-41). Finally, the minimum thickness of water which can be detected is calculated from Monte Carlo simulations and compared with the resolution expected in the tomograms.