bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parsing interindividual drug variability: an emerging role for systems pharmacology
Authors: Turner Richard M. , Park B. Kevin , Pirmohamed Munir 
Published: May 2015

There is notable interindividual heterogeneity in drug response, affecting both drug efficacy and toxicity, resulting in patient harm and the inefficient utilization of limited healthcare resources. Pharmacogenomics is at the forefront of research to understand interindividual drug response variability, but although many genotype‐drug response associations have been identified, translation of pharmacogenomic associations into clinical practice has been hampered by inconsistent findings and inadequate predictive values. These limitations are in part due to the complex interplay between drug‐specific, human body and environmental factors influencing drug response and therefore pharmacogenomics, whilst intrinsically necessary, is by itself unlikely to adequately parse drug variability. The emergent, interdisciplinary and rapidly developing field of systems pharmacology, which incorporates but goes beyond pharmacogenomics, holds significant potential to further parse interindividual drug variability. Systems pharmacology broadly encompasses two distinct research efforts, pharmacologically‐orientated systems biology and pharmacometrics. Pharmacologically‐orientated systems biology utilizes high throughput omics technologies, including next‐generation sequencing, transcriptomics and proteomics, to identify factors associated with differential drug response within the different levels of biological organization in the hierarchical human body. Increasingly complex pharmacometric models are being developed that quantitatively integrate factors associated with drug response. Although distinct, these research areas complement one another and continual development can be facilitated by iterating between dynamic experimental and computational findings. Ultimately, quantitative data‐derived models of sufficient detail will be required to help realize the goal of precision medicine. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2015, 7:221–241. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1302This article is categorized under:

Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine
Three Distinct Silver(I) Coordination Polymers: Bridging‐­Ligand Directed Syntheses, Crystal Structures, Luminescence, and Nitrobenzene Sensing Properties
Authors: Zhang Jinfang , Wang Yinlin , Chen Weitao , Long Lingliang , Zhang Chi 
Published: May 2015

Abstract Three distinct AgI‐DMAP [DMAP = 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine] coordination polymers [Ag2I2(DMAP)2]n (1), [Ag2(CN)2(DMAP)2.5·DMAP]n (2), and [Ag(SCN)(DMAP)]n (3) were constructed by monatomic I–, diatomic CN–, and triatomic SCN– bridges, respectively. 1–3 were determined by FT‐IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, TGA, powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. 1 exhibits a 1D wavelike chain structure, sustained by 3‐connected I– bridges, whereas 2 shows a unique 1D single‐ and double‐strand alternating chain, supported by 3‐connected CN– bridges. Compound 3 has a 2D 3‐connected network architecture, fabricated by 3‐connected SCN– bridges, and exhibits a (4·82) topology. The luminescence and nitrobenzene sensing properties of 1–3 were explored in 2‐propanol suspensions, which revealed that compounds 1–3 exhibit DMAP originated luminescence emissions and are highly sensitive for nitrobenzene detection.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the Calcium Silicon Phosphides Ca2Si2P4, Ca3Si8P14 and Ca3Si2P4
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Yu Tongtong , Li Chunlong , Wang Shanpeng , Tao Xutang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThree calcium silicon phosphides: Ca2Si2P4, Ca3Si8P14, and Ca3Si2P4 were synthesized by solid state reaction and identified by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Ca2Si2P4 crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric space group P41212 (no.92) with a = 7.173 Å, c = 26.295 Å. Both Ca3Si8P14 and Ca3Si2P4 crystallize in the space group P21/c (no.14) with a = 12.138 Å, b = 13.476 Å, c = 6.2176 Å, β = 90.934°, and a = 7.073 Å, b = 17.210 Å, c = 6.918 Å, β = 111.791°, respectively. The Si–P tetrahedra construct one‐dimensional (1D), two‐dimensional (2D), and three‐dimensional (3D) networks in Ca3Si2P4, Ca2Si2P4, and Ca3Si8P14, respectively, and their calculated bandgaps are 0.826, 0.984, and 0.829 eV, respectively.
The Reaction of Bunsen's Cacodyl Disulfide, Me2As(S)‐S‐AsMe2, with Iodine: Preparation and Properties of Dimethylarsinosulfenyl Iodide, Me2As‐S‐I
Authors: Ioannou Panayiotis V. , Vachliotis Dimitris G. , Chrissanthopoulos Athanassios 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBunsen's cacodyl disulfide, Me2As(S)‐S‐AsMe2 (1), reacted with iodine giving the novel dimethylarsinosulfenyl iodide, Me2As‐S‐I (3) although theoretical calculations indicated that the AsV compound Me2As(S)‐I (4) was more stable in the gas phase. The oily product was stable neat and as a solution in CDCl3 at +4 °C and –20 °C for at least 15 d. Light, H2O, H2O2, and Zn dust, but not NaI or Ag, decomposed it. Compound 3 did not interact with Ph3N, with Ph2NH and PhNH2 it interacted but not reacted. 3 was decomposed by piperidine, with pyridine and 4‐dimethylaminopyridine it interacted and produced Me2As‐SS‐AsMe2 (2) and I2 that formed charge transfer complexes Base·I2, whereas Et3N decomposed 3, and 3Et3N·2I2 was isolated. 3 was desulfurized by Ph3P and (Me2N)3P completely, and by (PhO)3P and (PhS)3P partially. The reactions of 3 with (Me2N)3P, (PhS)3P, and (EtO)3P were complicated. From the AsIII nucleophiles, only Ph3As was bound, while (PhS)3As reacted slowly in a complicated manner with 3. No interaction of 3 with MeOH or PhOH was observed but NaOH, Ag2O, and PhONa decomposed it. Thiophenol produced traces of Me2As‐SPh (10) and sodium thiophenolate attacked mainly at AsIII of 3. Thus, externally stabilized sulfenium ions of the type Me2As‐S‐Nu+I– were not obtained.
Synthesis of Supported Ga Nanodrops by a Bottom‐up Route
Authors: Armbrüster Marc , Cardoso‐Gil Raul 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNanoparticulate gallium can be obtained in an unconfined state by reduction of gallium‐acetylacetonate with LiAlH4. The products were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis together with X‐ray diffraction, and thermal analysis. EXAFS investigations reveal, in accordance with the results from thermal analyses, that the particles are liquid at room temperature. The reason for the lower melting point could not be clarified within this study and might be caused either by the lower melting point of β‐gallium or by the small particle size of 10–20 nm. Upon cooling, several of the low‐temperature modifications of gallium are observed depending on cooling‐rate and temperature.
Asymptotically Correct Standardization of Person-Fit Statistics Beyond Dichotomous Items
Authors: Sinharay Sandip 
Published: May 2015

The lz\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$l_z$$\end{document} statistic (Drasgow et al. in Br J Math Stat Psychol 38:67–86, 1985) is one of the most popular person-fit statistics (Armstrong et al. in Pract Assess Res Eval 12(16):1–10, 2007). Snijders (Psychometrika 66:331–342, 2001) derived the asymptotic null distribution of lz\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$l_z$$\end{document} when the examinee ability parameter is estimated. He also suggested the lz∗\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$l^*_z$$\end{document} statistic, which is the asymptotically correct standardized version of lz\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$l_z$$\end{document}. However, Snijders (Psychometrika 66:331–342, 2001) only considered tests with dichotomous items. In this paper, the asymptotic null distribution of lz\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$l_z$$\end{document} is derived for mixed-format tests (those that include both dichotomous and polytomous items). The asymptotically correct standardized version of lz\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$l_z$$\end{document}, which can be considered as the extension of lz∗\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$l^*_z$$\end{document} to such tests, is suggested. The Type I error rate and power of the suggested statistic are examined from several simulated datasets. The suggested statistic is computed using a real dataset. The suggested statistic appears to be a satisfactory tool for assessing person fit for mixed-format tests.
An Improved Correction for Range Restricted Correlations Under Extreme, Monotonic Quadratic Nonlinearity and Heteroscedasticity
Authors: Culpepper Steven Andrew 
Published: May 2015

AbstractStandardized tests are frequently used for selection decisions, and the validation of test scores remains an important area of research. This paper builds upon prior literature about the effect of nonlinearity and heteroscedasticity on the accuracy of standard formulas for correcting correlations in restricted samples. Existing formulas for direct range restriction require three assumptions: (1) the criterion variable is missing at random; (2) a linear relationship between independent and dependent variables; and (3) constant error variance or homoscedasticity. The results in this paper demonstrate that the standard approach for correcting restricted correlations is severely biased in cases of extreme monotone quadratic nonlinearity and heteroscedasticity. This paper offers at least three significant contributions to the existing literature. First, a method from the econometrics literature is adapted to provide more accurate estimates of unrestricted correlations. Second, derivations establish bounds on the degree of bias attributed to quadratic functions under the assumption of a monotonic relationship between test scores and criterion measurements. New results are presented on the bias associated with using the standard range restriction correction formula, and the results show that the standard correction formula yields estimates of unrestricted correlations that deviate by as much as 0.2 for high to moderate selectivity. Third, Monte Carlo simulation results demonstrate that the new procedure for correcting restricted correlations provides more accurate estimates in the presence of quadratic and heteroscedastic test score and criterion relationships.
The Effects of Gendered Social Capital on U.S. Migration: A Comparison of Four Latin American Countries
Authors: Côté Rochelle R. , Jensen Jessica Eva , Roth Louise Marie , Way Sandra M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article contributes to understandings of gendered social capital by analyzing the effects of gendered ties on the migration of men and women from four Latin American countries (Mexico, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic) to the United States. The research theorizes the importance of strong and weak ties to men and women in each sending country as a product of the gender equity gap in economic participation (low/high) and incidence of female-led families (low/high). The findings reveal that ties to men increase the odds of migration from countries where gender equity and incidence of female-led families are low, while ties to women are more important for migration from countries where gender equity and female-led families are high. Previous research on migration and social capital details the importance of network ties for providing resources and the role of gender in mediating social capital quality and access to network support. Results reveal that not only are different kinds of ties important to female and male migration, but migrants from different countries look to different sources of social capital for assistance.
“First Things First”: Fetal Nasal Bone Imaging in the First Trimester 11–13+6 Weeks Scan
Authors: Ratha Chinmayee , Khurana Ashok 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe first trimester scan is an important tool of risk assessment for fetal aneuploidies. The presence or absence of fetal nasal bone is an important secondary marker for risk allocation. This article describes the method of obtaining an ideal image for assessment of fetal nasal bone during the 11–13+6 weeks scan.
Risk factors for stillbirths in Tete, Mozambique
Authors: Geelhoed Diederike , Stokx Jocelijn , Mariano Xavier , Mosse Lázaro Carla , Roelens Kristien 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate known risk factors for stillbirth and identify local priorities for stillbirth prevention among institutional deliveries in Tete, Mozambique.MethodsA case–control study was conducted among 150 women who experienced stillbirths and 300 women who experienced live deliveries at three health facilities between December 1, 2009, and April 30, 2011. Case and control individuals were matched for health facility, age, and parity. Sociodemographic, pregnancy, and delivery characteristics (including HIV and syphilis serology) were assessed. Bivariate associations and a conditional logistic regression model identified variables contributing to fetal outcome.ResultsNo between‐group differences were recorded in the frequency of infection with HIV (25 [16.7%] cases vs 55 [18.3%] controls; P = 0.663) or syphilis (6 [4.0%] vs 16 [5.3%]; P = 0.536) at delivery. Multivariate analysis revealed that stillbirth was associated with direct obstetric complications (mutually adjusted odds ratio [OR] 6.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.6–12.1), low socioeconomic status (mutually adjusted OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.1–3.1), and referral during childbirth (mutually adjusted OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.7–6.1).ConclusionStillbirths in Tete, Mozambique, were predominantly caused by direct obstetric complications requiring referral among women of low socioeconomic status. Prenatal management of HIV and syphilis limited effects on fetal outcome. Emergency obstetric care and referral systems should be the focus of interventions aimed at stillbirth prevention.
Contraceptive need and use among individuals with HIV/AIDS living in the slums of Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Wekesa Eliud , Coast Ernestina 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo understand contraceptive need and use among individuals with HIV/AIDS living in slums.MethodsA sequential mixed‐methods study was conducted in two slums in Nairobi, Kenya, from November 6th, 2009 to April 18th, 2010. Data were obtained by quantitative survey (n = 513), qualitative in‐depth interviews (n = 41), and key informant interviews (n = 14).ResultsIn all, 250 (55.5%) participants used contraceptives. Condoms were the most frequently reported modern method (n = 142; 60.4%), followed by injectables (n = 55; 23.4%) and dual methods (n = 38; 15.3%). Unmet need was reported by 151 (33.6%) individuals. Factors associated with contraceptive use were education, marital status, number of living children, discussion of contraception with a provider, and social support. Personal, conceptual, and structural barriers to contraceptive use were identified.ConclusionsIndividuals with HIV/AIDS wished to limit their fertility but experienced high unmet need for contraception. Multi‐level interventions, including educational campaigns and integration of HIV and family planning services, are required to overcome barriers.
Yakammaoto inhibits enterovirus 71 infection by reducing viral attachment, internalization, replication, and translation
Authors: Yeh Chia‐Feng , Wang Kuo‐Chih , Lu Chi‐Yu , Chiang Lien‐Chai , Shieh Den‐En , Yen Ming‐Hong , Chang Jung‐San 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEnterovirus 71 (EV71) can cause central nervous system infections with mortality and neurologic sequelae. At present, there is no effective therapeutic modality for EV71 infection. The infection is more common in families with poor socioeconomic status. Therefore, finding a readily available, cost‐effective therapeutic modality would be very helpful to these socioeconomically disadvantaged families. Yakammaoto is a cheap and readily available traditional prescription that is proven to have antiviral activity against coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4). CVB4 and EV71 are enteroviruses. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of hot water extract of yakammaoto against EV71. The results of plaque reduction assay and flow cytometry demonstrated that yakammaoto dose dependently inhibited EV71 infection. In addition, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and quantitative RT‐PCR results showed that yakammaoto reduced viral replication. Western blotting analysis showed that yakammaoto can inhibit viral protein production. Thus, our results suggest that yakammaoto should be considered to manage EV71 infection in the future.
BRCA1‐like signature in triple negative breast cancer: Molecular and clinical characterization reveals subgroups with therapeutic potential
Authors: Severson Tesa M. , Peeters Justine , Majewski Ian , Michaut Magali , Bosma Astrid , Schouten Philip C. , Chin Suet-Feung , Pereira Bernard , Goldgraben Mae A. , Bismeijer Tycho , Kluin Roelof J.C. , Muris Jettie J.F. , Jirström Karin , Kerkhoven Ron M. , Wessels Lodewyk , Caldas Carlos , Bernards René , Simon Iris M. , Linn Sabine 
Published: May 2015

Triple negative (TN) breast cancers make up some 15% of all breast cancers. Approximately 10–15% are mutant for the tumor suppressor, BRCA1. BRCA1 is required for homologous recombination‐mediated DNA repair and deficiency results in genomic instability. BRCA1‐mutated tumors have a specific pattern of genomic copy number aberrations that can be used to classify tumors as BRCA1‐like or non‐BRCA1‐like. BRCA1 mutation, promoter methylation, BRCA1‐like status and genome‐wide expression data was determined for 112 TN breast cancer samples with long‐term follow‐up. Mutation status for 21 known DNA repair genes and PIK3CA was assessed. Gene expression and mutation frequency in BRCA1‐like and non‐BRCA1‐like tumors were compared. Multivariate survival analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. BRCA1 germline mutation was identified in 10% of patients and 15% of tumors were BRCA1 promoter methylated. Fifty‐five percent of tumors classified as BRCA1‐like. The functions of genes significantly up‐regulated in BRCA1‐like tumors included cell cycle and DNA recombination and repair. TP53 was found to be frequently mutated in BRCA1‐like (P < 0.05), while PIK3CA was frequently mutated in non‐BRCA1‐like tumors (P < 0.05). A significant association with worse prognosis was evident for patients with BRCA1‐like tumors (adjusted HR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.30–8.48, P = 0.01). TN tumors can be further divided into two major subgroups, BRCA1‐like and non‐BRCA1‐like with different mutation and expression patterns and prognoses. Based on these molecular patterns, subgroups may be more sensitive to specific targeted agents such as PI3K or PARP inhibitors.
Effect of a mesh on boundary layer transitions induced by free-stream turbulence and an isolated roughness element
Authors: Phani Kumar P. , Mandal A. C. , Dey J. 
Published: May 2015

Streamwise streaks, their lift-up and streak instability are integral to the bypass transition process. An experimental study has been carried out to find the effect of a mesh placed normal to the flow and at different wall-normal locations in the late stages of two transitional flows induced by free-stream turbulence (FST) and an isolated roughness element. The mesh causes an approximately 30 % reduction in the free-stream velocity, and mild acceleration, irrespective of its wall-normal location. Interestingly, when located near the wall, the mesh suppresses several transitional events leading to transition delay over a large downstream distance. The transition delay is found to be mainly caused by suppression of the lift-up of the high-shear layer and its distortion, along with modification of the spanwise streaky structure to an orderly one. However, with the mesh well away from the wall, the lifted-up shear layer remains largely unaffected, and the downstream boundary layer velocity profile develops an overshoot which is found to follow a plane mixing layer type profile up to the free stream. Reynolds stresses, and the size and strength of vortices increase in this mixing layer region. This high-intensity disturbance can possibly enhance transition of the accelerated flow far downstream, although a reduction in streamwise turbulence intensity occurs over a short distance downstream of the mesh. However, the shape of the large-scale streamwise structure in the wall-normal plane is found to be more or less the same as that without the mesh.
'Ropes of stories'
Authors: Gildersleeve Jessica 
Published: May 2015

Cultural narratives function as lifelines in the work of Queensland Indigenous woman writer, Vivienne Cleven. Cleven's novel, Bitin’ Back (2001), begins when Mavis Dooley's son, Nevil, announces that he is no longer Nevil, but the writer Jean Rhys. Although Nevil eventually reveals that he has simply been acting as a woman in order to understand the protagonist of the novel he is writing, his choice of Rhys in particular is significant. Nevil selected Jean Rhys as a signifier of his female role because, he explains:

'She's my favourite author; she wrote Wide Sargasso Sea [1966]. She was ahead of her time; she wrote about society's underdogs; about rejection and the madness of isolation. I know it sounds all crazy to you, Ma, but this is about who I am . . . [A] lot of people would never understand me and they wouldn't want to' (2001: 184).
SMOOTH BIMODULES AND COHOMOLOGY OF II1 FACTORS
Authors: Galatan Alin , Popa Sorin 
Published: May 2015

We prove that, under rather general conditions, the 1-cohomology of a von Neumann algebra $M$ with values in a Banach $M$-bimodule satisfying a combination of smoothness and operatorial conditions vanishes. For instance, we show that, if $M$ acts normally on a Hilbert space ${\mathcal{H}}$ and ${\mathcal{B}}_{0}\subset {\mathcal{B}}({\mathcal{H}})$ is a norm closed $M$-bimodule such that any $T\in {\mathcal{B}}_{0}$ is smooth (i.e., the left and right multiplications of $T$ by $x\in M$ are continuous from the unit ball of $M$ with the $s^{\ast }$-topology to ${\mathcal{B}}_{0}$ with its norm), then any derivation of $M$ into ${\mathcal{B}}_{0}$ is inner. The compact operators are smooth over any $M\subset {\mathcal{B}}({\mathcal{H}})$, but there is a large variety of non-compact smooth elements as well.