bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’idée d’« individu pur » dans la pensée de Simondon
Authors: Duhem Ludovic 
Published: June 2014

Le projet ontologique de Gilbert Simondon est de penser l’individu à travers l’individuation dans tous les domaines de réalité : physique, biologique, et psycho-social ou « transindividuel ». Il s’agit précisément pour lui de renverser le privilège ontologique accordé par la métaphysique à l’être sur le devenir, au résultat sur l’opération, à l’individu sur l’individuation, et d’en faire la condition de toute connaissance complète de la réalité. Or, l’idée d’individu pur, telle qu’elle est développée dans deux textes de L’individuation à la lumière des notions de forme et d’information, dans le domaine biologique et psycho-technique, semble contrarier le maintien de ce renversement en réintroduisant une forme de substantialisme. Cette difficulté portant Simondon à sa propre limite sera l’occasion d’examiner deux cas d’individuation et, à travers eux, la cohérence et la portée de sa pensée.
Ce que je dois à Foucault
Authors: Déotte Jean-Louis 
Published: June 2014

Foucault analyse l’épistémè classique (la représentation) à partir de deux peintures : Les Ménines de Vélazquez (Les Mots et les Choses) et Le Bar des Folies Bergères de Manet (Conférence de Tunis). La place du spectateur semble être la grande question, comme si la question du sujet était la même question. Mais, il y a une confusion, toute métaphysique : le sujet n’est pas le spectateur (point de vue) mais le point de fuite qu’en anglais on traduit judicieusement par vanishing point. Lequel se trouve en face du point de vue et n’est rien d’autre que le point de fuite. Pour approcher la question de la subjectivation, nous devons décrire l’appareil perspectif.
Les spectres de Raúl Ruiz. La maison Nucingen (2009)
Authors: Vera  Adolfo 
Published: June 2014

Raúl Ruiz, cinéaste chilien exilé en France à la fin des années 1970, a construit une œuvre très vaste et donc très difficile à comprendre univoquement. La critique (un numéro spécial lui était consacré par les Cahiers du cinéma en 1983) a depuis toujours signalé l’absence d’un récit net qui organise ses films, la multiplicité des idées qui s’ouvrent en chaque plan (« chaque idée un plan, chaque plan un film », a postulé un jour Ruiz), la teneur « baroque » d’une œuvre où les limites entre le réel et l’irréel se brouillent du fait des particularités techniques de l’appareil cinématographique. Dans ce texte, on propose une lecture des quelques aspects de cette œuvre inabordable à partir de la question de la spectralité, question qui, selon Derrida (Spectres de Marx) constitue le noyau de la situation politique contemporaine. C’est ce que Derrida appelle « puissance de spectralité », et qui se manifeste notamment en tant que « puissance d’anachronisme », ce qui inonde les images cinématographiques de Ruiz, pour créer un univers où les moyens techniques du cinéma reprennent depuis son origine, au xixe, les « images techniques » photographiques et cinématographiques étaient censées constituer : l’apparition des fantômes. Or, on sait bien que, depuis la stratégie de la disparition politique appliquée par tous les totalitarismes du xxe siècle et d’aujourd’hui, la catégorie de « fantôme » a bien un aspect politique. Le dernier film de Ruiz, La maison Nucingen (2009) met toutes ces questions en lumière.
L’appareil artistique de Schwitters
Authors: Déotte Jean-Louis 
Published: June 2014

Entre le monde de la communication, de la publicité, voire du design et la production artistique, il semble y avoir un antagonisme radical. Or pendant l’entre-deux guerres, et même plus tard, un certain nombre d’artistes n’ont pas hésité à répondre à des commandes extérieures et commerciales, tout en se consacrant à leurs propres recherches plastiques. Kurt Schwitters a élaboré un terme : Merz pour indiquer que le foyer de sa production se situait délibérément au milieu, entre le langage comme système de signes et le figural (Lyotard). Il ajoutait même qu’il faisait avancer les deux domaines en même temps. Cet apparent paradoxe lui permit d’échapper à la fantasmagorie wagnérienne de l’œuvre d’art totale. Par ailleurs, il concrétisa Merz en le creusant littéralement, en en faisant un atelier qu’il habitait à Hanovre, le Merzbau, dont il y eut plusieurs états. On peut faire l’hypothèse, là aussi paradoxale, que cet atelier lui servait de réserve pour autant qu’il l’avait absorbé en lui, lui Schwitters, comme une crypte.
L’acinéma de J.-F. Lyotard
Authors: Déotte Jean-Louis 
Published: June 2014

Le texte de Lyotard intitulé l’acinéma1 a souvent servi de prétexte pour justifier un certain cinéma expérimental. Or ce n’était pour lui qu’un enjeu marginal. Lyotard développe quelques thèses essentielles : que la “réalité” est un effet de la “représentation” et non l’inverse, que l’une et l’autre sont soumises au même principe d’identité, lequel a comme nom dans la société du capital “valeur”, et qu’il faut donc s’intéresser au travail de distinction qui se fait en amont, entre ce qui est identifiable et ce qui ne l’est pas. Il y va donc d’une autre scène, où avec l’énergie d’Éros/Thanatos, œuvre un archi-appareil, pré-“théâtrique”.
Le sublime, la surface picturale et les disparitions politiques
Authors: Skopin Denis 
Published: June 2014

Cet article est consacré à la polémique Jacques Rancière / Jean-François Lyotard autour de la notion de sublime chez Kant. Bien entendu cette controverse au sujet du sublime est loin d’être un simple désaccord exégétique. L’Analytique du sublime constitue un « champ de bataille » entre deux points de vue diamétralement opposés sur l’esthétique et la politique : le beau et le sublime, l’œuvre d’art et son support, l’émancipation et l’identité. À partir de l’analyse de quelques photographies et quelques exemples tirés de la peinture, cet article se propose d’interroger la pertinence de la notion de sublime pour la description de certains phénomènes esthétiques et politiques du siècle passé.
Multiscale and High-Dimensional Problems
Authors: Cohen Albert , Dahmen Wolfgang , DeVore Ronald A. , Kunoth Angela 
Published: June 2014

High-dimensional problems appear naturally in various scientific areas, such as PDEs describing complex processes in computational chemistry and physics, or stochastic or parameter-dependent PDEs leading to deterministic problems with a large number of variables. Other highly visible examples are regression and classification with high-dimensional data as input and/or output in the context of learning theory. High dimensional problems cannot be solved by traditional numerical techniques, because of the so-called
curse of dimensionality
.

Such problems therefore amplify the need for novel theoretical and computational approaches, in order to make them, first of all, tractable and, second, offering finer and finer resolutions of relevant features. Paradoxically, increasing computational power serves to even heighten this demand. The wealth of available data itself becomes a major obstruction. Extracting essential information from complex structures and developing rigorous models to quantify the quality of information in a high dimensional context leads to tasks that are not tractable by existing methods.
The last decade has seen the emergence of several new computational methodologies to address the above obstacles. Their common features are the nonlinearity of the solution methods as well as the ability of separating solution characteristics living on different length scales. Perhaps the most prominent examples lie in adaptive grid solvers, tensor product, sparse grid and hyperbolic wavelet approximations and model reduction approaches. These have drastically advanced the frontiers of computability for certain problem classes in numerical analysis.
This workshop deepened the understanding of the underlying mathematical concepts that drive this new evolution of computation and promoted the exchange of ideas emerging in various disciplines about the handling of multiscale and high-dimensional problems.
High‐frequency imaging of elastic contrast and contact area with implications for naturally observed changes in fault properties
Authors: Nagata Kohei , Kilgore Brian , Beeler Nick , Nakatani Masao 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDuring localized slip of a laboratory fault we simultaneously measure the contact area and the dynamic fault normal elastic stiffness. One objective is to determine conditions where stiffness may be used to infer changes in area of contact during sliding on nontransparent fault surfaces. Slip speeds between 0.01 and 10 µm/s and normal stresses between 1 and 2.5 MPa were imposed during velocity step, normal stress step, and slide‐hold‐slide tests. Stiffness and contact area have a linear interdependence during rate stepping tests and during the hold portion of slide‐hold‐slide tests. So long as linearity holds, measured fault stiffness can be used on nontransparent materials to infer changes in contact area. However, there are conditions where relations between contact area and stiffness are nonlinear and nonunique. A second objective is to make comparisons between the laboratory‐ and field‐measured changes in fault properties. Time‐dependent changes in fault zone normal stiffness made in stress relaxation tests imply postseismic wave speed changes on the order of 0.3% to 0.8% per year in the two or more years following an earthquake; these are smaller than postseismic increases seen within natural damage zones. Based on scaling of the experimental observations, natural postseismic fault normal contraction could be accommodated within a few decimeter wide fault core. Changes in the stiffness of laboratory shear zones exceed 10% per decade and might be detectable in the field postseismically.
Accurate tremor locations from coherent S and P waves
Authors: Armbruster John G. , Kim Won‐Young , Rubin Allan M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNonvolcanic tremor is an important component of the slow slip processes which load faults from below, but accurately locating tremor has proven difficult because tremor rarely contains clear P or S wave arrivals. Here we report the observation of coherence in the shear and compressional waves of tremor at widely separated stations which allows us to detect and accurately locate tremor events. An event detector using data from two stations sees the onset of tremor activity in the Cascadia tremor episodes of February 2003, July 2004, and September 2005 and confirms the previously reported south to north migration of the tremor. Event detectors using data from three and four stations give Sand P arrival times of high accuracy. The hypocenters of the tremor events fall at depths of ∼30 to ∼40 km and define a narrow plane dipping at a shallow angle to the northeast, consistent with the subducting plate interface. The S wave polarizations and P wave first motions define a source mechanism in agreement with the northeast convergence seen in geodetic observations of slow slip. Tens of thousands of locations determined by constraining the events to the plate interface show tremor sources highly clustered in space with a strongly similar pattern of sources in the three episodes examined. The deeper sources generate tremor in minor episodes as well. The extent to which the narrow bands of tremor sources overlap between the three major episodes suggests relative epicentral location errors as small as 1–2 km.
Self‐organization of the Earth's climate system versus Milankovitch‐Berger astronomical cycles
Authors: Maslov Lev A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Late Pleistocene Antarctic temperature variation curve is decomposed into two components: “cyclic” and “high frequency, stochastic.” For each of these components, a mathematical model is developed which shows that the cyclic and stochastic temperature variations are distinct, but interconnected, processes with their own self‐organization. To model the cyclic component, a system of ordinary differential equations is written which represent an auto‐oscillating, self‐organized process with constant period. It is also shown that these equations can be used to model more realistic variations in temperature with changing cycle length. For the stochastic component, the multifractal spectrum is calculated and compared to the multifractal spectrum of a critical sine‐circle map. A physical interpretation of relevant mathematical models and discussion of future climate development within the context of this work is given.
Conformationally Rigid Chiral Bicyclic Skeleton‐Tethered Bipyridine N,N′‐Dioxide as Organocatalyst: Asymmetric Ring Opening of meso‐Epoxides
Authors: Gnanamani Elumalai , Someshwar Nagamalla , Sanjeevi Jayakumar , Ramanathan Chinnasamy Ramaraj 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe conformationally rigid chiral bicyclic skeleton tethered bipyridine N,N′‐dioxide (−)‐9 has been designed, synthesized and examined as an organocatalyst in the enantioselective ring opening of meso‐epoxides using tetrachlorosilane (SiCl4). The catalyst (−)‐9 is found to exhibit good enantioselectivity for substituted cis‐stilbene epoxides; whereas, the saturated cyclic meso‐epoxides display a moderate enantioselectivity. At −30 °C in chloroform, the catalyst (−)‐9 with 0.5 mol % loading generated the chlorohydrins in up to 97 % yield with up to 93 % ee. The possible creation of transient axial chiral environment around hypervalent silicon species due to the presence of conformationally rigid chiral bicyclic skeleton tethered bipyridine N,N′‐dioxide may be responsible for such enantioselectivity observed in the desymmetrization of meso‐epoxides.magnified image
Developments in Eu+2‐Doped Strontium Aluminate and Polymer/Strontium Aluminate Composite
Authors: Anesh M. P. , Gulrez Syed K. H. , Anis A. , Shaikh H. , Ali Mohsin M. E. , AL‐Zahrani S. M. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe discovery of rare earth based phosphors in 1960s started a new era of luminescence. In comparison with sulfide‐based phosphors, strontium aluminates received worldwide acceptance because of their chemical stability and good luminescent properties. The SrAlxOy:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphors excited by UV or visible light emit phosphorescence in the blue‐green region after the excitation source has been removed, and the phosphorescence last for more than 15 h. The major disadvantage of SrAlxOy:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphors is that they are prone to hydrolysis and their luminescent properties gradually deteriorate. The dispersion of these phosphors in a waterproof polymer matrix is an alternative method reported for retaining their luminescent properties. The review extensively deals with strontium aluminate based luminescent materials, the mechanism of luminescence, their synthesis techniques, and different mixing procedures to prepare polymer/strontium aluminate composites. Different methods to improve the dispersion of the strontium aluminate in the polymer matrix are also outlined.
Durable superoleophobic fabric surfaces with counterintuitive superwettability for polar solvents
Authors: Pan Shuaijun , Guo Rui , Xu Weijian 
Published: June 2014

SignificanceSmart superoleophobic (SOP) cotton fabric surfaces are created only through a controlled fluorosilanization treatment, exhibiting the first‐ever extreme wetting behaviors displaying ultrarepellency to nonpolar oils and counterintuitive superwettability for all polar solvents. The smart durable SOP surfaces, demonstrated chemically, thermally, and mechanically, render great potential practical and industrial applications in robust oil shielding, effective antifouling, highly energy efficient self‐cleaning, and solely gravity‐driven oil–water separations. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2752–2756, 2014
Polymorphisms in cyclooxygenase‐2 gene and risk of developing coal workers' pneumoconiosis: A case–control study
Authors: Bian Lu‐Qin , Mao Ling , Shi Jin , Bi Ying 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundCoal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is characterized by progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Inflammation is crucial in the host response to silica and it contributes to pulmonary fibrosis. Cyclooxygenase‐2 is involved in this process. The association between single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in cyclooxygenase‐2 gene with pneumoconiosis risk was investigated.MethodsAn association study was conducted by analyzing two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms of cyclooxygenase‐2 (rs689466 and rs20417) in a case–control study involving 90 patients and 90 healthy individuals (controls). Genotyping was performed by the TaqMan method.ResultsThe rs689466 AG and GG and rs689466 GC polymorphisms were significantly less frequent in patients than in controls. Cyclooxygenase‐2 rs689466 and rs20417 variant genotypes exhibited 21% and 12% decreased CWP risk, respectively.ConclusionCyclooxygenase‐2 rs689466 and rs20417 polymorphisms were associated with CWP risk. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:866–871, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Significant Improvements in CO2 Capture by Pyridine‐Containing Anion‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids through Multiple‐Site Cooperative Interactions
Authors: Luo Xiaoyan , Guo Yan , Ding Fang , Zhao Hongqing , Cui Guokai , Li Haoran , Wang Congmin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA strategy for improving CO2 capture by new anion‐functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) making use of multiple site cooperative interactions is reported. An extremely high capacity of up to 1.60 mol CO2 per mol IL and excellent reversibility were achieved by introducing a nitrogen‐based interacting site on the phenolate and imidazolate anion. Quantum‐chemical calculations, spectroscopic investigations, and calorimetric data demonstrated that multiple‐site cooperative interactions between two kinds of interacting sites in the anion and CO2 resulted in superior CO2 capacities, which originated from the π‐electron delocalization in the pyridine ring.
Cytoprotective Silica Coating of Individual Mammalian Cells through Bioinspired Silicification
Authors: Lee Juno , Choi Jinsu , Park Ji Hun , Kim Mi‐Hee , Hong Daewha , Cho Hyeoncheol , Yang Sung Ho , Choi Insung S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe cytoprotective coating of physicochemically labile mammalian cells with a durable material has potential applications in cell‐based sensors, cell therapy, and regenerative medicine, as well as providing a platform for fundamental single‐cell studies in cell biology. In this work, HeLa cells in suspension were individually coated with silica in a cytocompatible fashion through bioinspired silicification. The silica coating greatly enhanced the resistance of the HeLa cells to enzymatic attack by trypsin and the toxic compound poly(allylamine hydrochloride), while suppressing cell division in a controlled fashion. This bioinspired cytocompatible strategy for single‐cell coating was also applied to NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and Jurkat cells.
Über die Synthese von α‐Azidoestern und geminalen Triaziden
Authors: Klahn Philipp , Erhardt Hellmuth , Kotthaus Andreas , Kirsch Stefan F. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDrei einfache Methoden zur Synthese geminaler Triazide werden beschrieben: Ausgehend von 1) 3‐Oxocarbonsäuren, 2) Iodmethylketonen oder 3) terminalen Olefinen gelingt der Aufbau einer Reihe von Triazidomethylketonen unter milden, oxidativen Reaktionsbedingungen mit IBX‐SO3K, einem sulfonierten Derivat der 2‐Iodoxybenzoesäure (IBX), und NaN3 als Azidquelle. Von dieser neuen Verbindungsklasse sind bislang keine Mitglieder beschrieben. Die geminalen Triazide erweisen sich trotz ihres hohen Stickstoffgehalts auch in präparativen Mengen als unerwartet leicht handhabbar (Vorsicht: Explosionsgefahr besteht trotzdem!) und stehen nun erstmals in voller Breite für weitere Untersuchungen zu Reaktivität und Eigenschaften zur Verfügung. Darüber hinaus zeigen wir, wie mit dieser Methode α‐Azidoester, die als Bausteine für Aminosäuren fungieren können, gebildet werden.
Complex Reconfiguration of DNA Nanostructures
Authors: Wei Bryan , Ong Luvena L. , Chen Jeffrey , Jaffe Alexander S. , Yin Peng 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNucleic acids have been used to create diverse synthetic structural and dynamic systems. Toehold‐mediated strand displacement has enabled the construction of sophisticated circuits, motors, and molecular computers. Yet it remains challenging to demonstrate complex structural reconfiguration in which a structure changes from a starting shape to another arbitrarily prescribed shape. To address this challenge, we have developed a general structural‐reconfiguration method that utilizes the modularly interconnected architecture of single‐stranded DNA tile and brick structures. The removal of one component strand reveals a newly exposed toehold on a neighboring strand, thus enabling us to remove regions of connected component strands without the need to modify the strands with predesigned external toeholds. By using this method, we reconfigured a two‐dimensional rectangular DNA canvas into diverse prescribed shapes. We also used this method to reconfigure a three‐dimensional DNA cuboid.
Phosphine‐Directed CH Borylation Reactions: Facile and Selective Access to Ambiphilic Phosphine Boronate Esters
Authors: Crawford Kristina M. , Ramseyer Timothy R. , Daley Christopher J. A. , Clark Timothy B. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAmbiphilic ligands have received considerable attention over the last two decades due to their unique reactivity as organocatalysts and ligands. The iridium‐catalyzed CH borylation of phosphines is described in which the phosphine is used as a directing group to provide selective formation of arylboronate esters with unique scaffolds of ambiphilic compounds. A variety of aryl and benzylic phosphines were subjected to the reaction conditions, selectively providing stable, isolable boronate esters upon protection of the phosphine as the borane complex. After purification, the phosphine‐substituted boronate esters could be deprotected and isolated in pure form.
Asymmetrische Kaskadenreaktion zu Allylsulfonamiden aus Allylalkoholen über eine Palladium(II)/Base‐katalysierte Umlagerung von Allylcarbamaten
Authors: Bauer Johannes Moritz , Frey Wolfgang , Peters René 
Published: June 2014

AbstractEine regio‐ und enantioselektive Tandemreaktion, die leicht zugängliche achirale Allylalkohole direkt in chirale sulfonylgeschützte Allylamine überführt, wird beschrieben. Die Reaktion wird durch Kooperation eines chiralen Ferrocen‐Palladacyclus und einer tertiären Amin‐Base katalysiert und kombiniert hohe Stufenökonomie mit leichter Handhabung (ohne Inertgasatmosphäre oder Katalysatoraktivierung). Mechanistische Studien stützen eine PdII‐katalysierte [3,3]‐Umlagerung eines Allylcarbamats – in situ erzeugt aus einem Allylalkohol und einem Isocyanat – als Schlüsselschritt, dem eine Decarboxylierung folgt.
Biomimetic Polymers Responsive to a Biological Signaling Molecule: Nitric Oxide Triggered Reversible Self‐assembly of Single Macromolecular Chains into Nanoparticles
Authors: Hu Jinming , Whittaker Michael R. , Duong Hien , Li Yang , Boyer Cyrille , Davis Thomas P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNovel nitric oxide (NO) responsive monomers (NAPMA and APUEMA) containing o‐phenylenediamine functional groups have been polymerized to form NO‐responsive macromolecular chains as truly biomimetic polymers. Upon exposure to NO—a ubiquitous cellular signaling molecule—the NAPMA‐ and APUEMA‐labeled thermoresponsive copolymers exhibited substantial changes in solubility, clearly characterized by tuneable LCST behavior, thereby inducing self‐assembly into nanoparticulate structures. Moreover, the NO‐triggered self‐assembly process in combination with environmentally sensitive fluorescence dyes could be employed to detect and image endogenous NO.