bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No measured effect of a familiar contextual object on color constancy
Authors: Kanematsu Erika , Brainard David H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSome familiar objects have a typical color, such as the yellow of a banana. The presence of such objects in a scene is a potential cue to the scene illumination, since the light reflected from them should on average be consistent with their typical surface reflectance. Although there are many studies on how the identity of an object affects how its color is perceived, little is known about whether the presence of a familiar object in a scene helps the visual system stabilize the color appearance of other objects with respect to changes in illumination. We used a successive color matching procedure in three experiments designed to address this question. Across the experiments we studied a total of six subjects (two in Experiment 1, three in Experiment 2, and four in Experiment 3) with partial overlap of subjects between experiments. We compared measured color constancy across conditions in which a familiar object cue to the illuminant was available with conditions in which such a cue was not present. Overall, our results do not reveal a reliable improvement in color constancy with the addition of a familiar object to a scene. An analysis of the experimental power of our data suggests that if there is such an effect, it is small: less than approximately a change of 0.09 in a constancy index where an absence of constancy corresponds to an index value of 0 and perfect constancy corresponds to an index value of 1. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 347–359, 2014
Tolerability and Pulmonary Pharmacodynamic Effects During Treatment Initiation of Once‐Daily Oral Fingolimod in Subjects With Moderate Asthma
Authors: Boulton Craig , David Olivier J. , Meiser Karin , Schmouder Robert 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFingolimod, a first‐in‐class sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor modulator, is the first approved oral therapy for relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). While treatment initiation of clinical dose of fingolimod (0.5 mg) does not affect pulmonary function, supra‐therapeutic doses (≥5.0 mg) increased airway resistance. The aim of this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel group, 10‐day study was to measure the effect of fingolimod on pulmonary function in otherwise healthy patients with moderate asthma. Subjects (n = 36) were randomized into four cohorts that received either fingolimod 0.5, 1.25, 2.5 mg, or placebo once daily for 10 days. Subjects in placebo and fingolimod 0.5 mg groups did not differ in FEV1AUEC0–6 h, FEF25–75% AUEC0–6 h, or in short‐acting beta (β) 2 agonists (SABA, rescue bronchodilator) use. Subjects on higher doses of fingolimod showed a mild reduction in FEV1AUEC0–6 h and FEF25–75%AUEC0–6 h and a significant sixfold increase in SABA use versus placebo. One subject had moderately severe, acute exacerbation of asthma after receiving the first dose of fingolimod 1.25 mg that quickly responded to inhaled SABA. The observed safety profile was consistent with previous reports. These results provide reassurance that moderately asthmatic MS individuals can start on fingolimod 0.5 mg therapy with minimal effects on pulmonary function and SABA use.
Rationale, Morals, and Needs Pyramid for Corporate Responsibility Development
Authors: Ketola Tarja 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper builds and tests a RaMoNe pyramid with three dimensions: rationale, morals and needs. The pyramid maps out where companies currently stand in corporate responsibility (CR) and why; and why they should change and how. The conscious economic rationale of companies has led to choices between five levels of CR, demonstrated by an earlier paper in this journal. These alternatives exemplify preconscious levels of moral development, but the highest level, virtue ethical behaviour, has not so far had its counterpart in CR. There are subconscious needs behind the rationale and morals, but the highest level, self‐transcendence needs, has not yet had its match in CR. The conceptual part of this research develops the sixth level of CR to match the virtue ethical behaviour and self‐transcendence needs. The RaMoNe pyramid is tested in four food sector companies, thereby building a model on a case study previously published in this journal. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Analysis of MANET dynamic source routing and its performance enhancements
Authors: Hou Ting‐Chao , Chan Ming‐Chieh , Wu Chien‐Min 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYSince the inception of the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol for mobile ad hoc networks, several enhancements have been proposed, along with other competing routing protocols. All of them provide different degrees of throughput improvement under different scenarios. In this paper, we use DSR as a base, diagnose the contribution of its constituent components, and provide the reason why certain routing enhancements can increase the throughput and under what conditions. A major finding of the study is that the broadcast mechanism used in propagating route request and route error messages has a significant impact on how routing behaves. We also show that unicast route error report and preventive cache update improve throughput at different sides of the mobility spectrum. Finally, we show that aggressive buffer combined with route management provides the best performance improvement on the entire mobility and loading spectrum. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Sensitive and Renewable Chlortoluron Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Sensor Based on the Gate‐Controlled Catalytic Electrooxidation of H2O2 on Magnetic Nano‐NiO
Authors: Li Xue , Zhang Lianming , Wei Xiaoping , Li Jianping 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA new sensor was fabricated by MIP synthesized on the surface of magnetic nickel(II) oxide (NiO) nanoparticles which based on the oxidation current change of H2O2. Chlortoluron was selected as template which can be detected indirectly by the decrease of the H2O2 oxidation current on the NiO nanoparticle‐modified GCE caused by the blocking access after rebinding. A high sensitivity was obtained because of the high catalytic effect of NiO nanoparticles on H2O2 oxidation. Chlortoluron was determined from 1.0×10−8/L to 1.0×10−4 mol/L, with a detection limit of 2.4×10−9 mol/L. The proposed method combines the high sensitivity of the catalytic effect and the high selectivity of the MIP technique. Water samples were assayed using the MIP sensor, and recoveries of 96.9 % to 104.7 % were obtained.
Discrimination of alluvial and mixed bedrock–alluvial multichannel river networks
Authors: Meshkova Liubov V , Carling Paul A 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the use of planview morphological metrics to quantitatively describe and distinguish mixed bedrock–alluvial multichannel networks from alluvial multichannel networks. The geometries of the channel planforms of two bedrock‐constrained networks (Mekong and Orange rivers) are compared with the classic alluvial anastomosed Upper Columbia River and the wandering Ganga River. Widely recognized indices utilized include: channel link count and channel sinuosity, with additional emphasis being given to the less common metrics: network bifurcation angles and island shape characteristics (i.e. aspect ratio, compactness, roundness and convexity). Link count data, with one notable exception, conform to theoretical expectations. Bifurcation angles for all four multichannel rivers are significantly greater than angles reported for braiding rivers. Island convexity clearly discriminates the two alluvial rivers from the two bedrock‐influenced rivers. The width of the macrochannel, in which each network develops, has a positive influence on the number of channel links and is further related to channel slope variations which, in turn, are influenced by terrain structure revealed using trend‐surface analysis. The geometry of multichannel networks are often laterally constrained such that the values of channel bifurcation angles and link sinuosity values reduce as the network intensifies and channel links are shortened. These latter observations go some way to explain the oft‐noted relatively ‘straight’ links seen within multichannel networks which are a necessary adjustment to space‐filling constraints placed on a network. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Yield and chemical composition of the essential oil of Moroccan chamomile [Cladanthus mixtus (L.) Chevall.] growing wild at different sites in Morocco
Authors: Elouaddari Anass , El Amrani Abdelaziz , Eddine Jamal Jamal , Correia A. Isabel D. , Barroso José G. , Pedro Luis G. , Figueiredo A. Cristina 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe chemical variability of the essential oils isolated from Moroccan chamomile [Cladanthus mixtus (L.) Chevall.] full flowering aerial parts, was evaluated. C. mixtus populations were collected from nine regions in Morocco: Benguerir, Bouznika, Chefchaouane, Kenitra, Meknes, Oujda, Settat, Sidi Alal Ibahraoui and Tamesna. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The yields of the essential oils ranged between 0.1% and 0.8% (v/d.w.). Only five of the nine essential oil samples analysed showed good correlation after agglomerative cluster analysis based on the chemical composition of the essential oils. These samples (Benguerir, Kenitra, Settat, Meknes and Tamesna) were characterized by the dominance of camphor (14–27%), β‐myrcene (3–17%) and santolina triene (3–15%). All these and Chefchaouane essential oils showed a blue colour, whereas Oujda, Bouznika and Sidi Alal Ibahraoui essential oils were yellow. β‐Myrcene (3–17%), trans‐β‐farnesene (18%) and 2‐tridecanone (16%) dominated the Chefchaouane essential oil, whereas trans‐β‐farnesene (43%) was the main component in the Oujda essential oil. 2‐Methyl‐2‐trans‐butenyl methacrylate (34%) dominated sample Bouznika, while santolina alcohol and 1,8‐cineole (17% and 12%, respectively) in the Sidi Alal Ibahraoui essential oil. The variability of Moroccan chamomile essential oil may reflect negatively upon its quality, biological activity and commercial value, thus harvests from the wild population should be avoided. To meet the high‐quality standards and production efficiency, cultivation techniques adapted to local soil types and weather conditions, as well the correct selection of plant varieties most suited to the market should be followed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatility Information in the Trading Activity of Stocks, Options, and Volatility Options
Authors: Wang Yaw‐Huei 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe investigate the information content of trading activity in S&P 500 component stocks, S&P 500 index options and VIX options on the future realized volatility (RV) of S&P 500 index returns and find that the only consistently useful information on the determination of future RV is provided by trading activity in VIX calls. We also find a discernible increase in the level of predictability when investors are more worried, when the level of information asymmetry in the VIX call market is higher, and when the transaction costs of VIX calls are lower, relative to S&P 500 index options.
Participation in productive activities and depression among older Europeans: Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
Authors: Choi Kyeong‐Sook , Stewart Robert , Dewey Michael 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveAlthough engagement in productive activities is associated with favourable outcomes with respect to the health and well‐being of older individuals, the association between such activities and depression in older populations remains relatively unexplored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association among five productive activities (paid work, formal volunteering, caregiving, informal helping and caring for grandchildren) with depression in older adults in 14 European countries.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used the first two waves of data collected by the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and analysed a total sample of 7238 relatively healthy community residents aged 60 years and older from 14 European countries. The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe excluded potential participants with a past history of depression, cognitive impairment and physical limitations. Depression was categorised using the EURO‐D instrument, and associations with participating in productive activities were investigated.ResultsDepression was less prevalent among those individuals who were employed or self‐employed and those who participated in formal volunteering or informal helping, whereas caregiving was associated with a higher risk of depression. Caring for grandchildren was not associated positively or negatively with depression. Formal volunteering and caregiving remained associated with depression after adjustment for age, sex, marital status, education, economic status, country and presence of long‐term illness.ConclusionsAvailability of formal volunteering may be important in reducing depression risk, whereas caregiving is associated with a higher risk of depression in older European adults. Further research is required to clarify the direction of causation and evaluate interventions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extreme storms and changes in particulate and dissolved organic carbon in runoff: Entering uncharted waters?
Authors: Dhillon Gurbir Singh , Inamdar Shreeram 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe determined the runoff exports of particulate (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from a 12 ha forested catchment which received more than 14 storm events in a 16‐month period and three extreme events associated with hurricanes. While POC and DOC exports for the small events were comparable, POC exports for the hurricane‐associated events were six to eight times the DOC values. Hurricane Irene alone contributed to 56% (21.2 kg C ha–1) and 19% (3.3 kg C ha–1) of the 2011 exports of POC and DOC, respectively. A precipitation threshold beyond which POC fluxes rapidly outpaced the DOC values was also identified. Our study suggests that large, high‐intensity storm events that are predicted to increase under future climate‐change scenarios will dramatically alter the runoff C regime by enhancing the POC inputs to aquatic ecosystems. Such shift in C forms could have important consequences for aquatic biota, atmospheric C cycling, and ecosystem and human health.
CHILD PROTECTION AND ADULT DEPRESSION: EVALUATING THE LONG‐TERM CONSEQUENCES OF EVACUATING CHILDREN TO FOSTER CARE DURING WORLD WAR II
Authors: Santavirta Nina , Santavirta Torsten 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper combined data collected from war time government records with survey data including background characteristics, such as factors that affected eligibility, to examine the adult depression outcomes of individuals who were evacuated from Finland to temporary foster care in Sweden during World War II.Using war time government records and survey data for a random sample of 723 exposed individuals and 1321 matched unexposed individuals, the authors conducted least squares adjusted means comparison to examine the association between evacuation and adult depression (Beck Depression Inventory). The random sample was representative for the whole population of evacuees who returned to their biological families after World War II. The authors found no statistically significant difference in depressive symptoms during late adulthood between the two groups; for example, the exposed group had a 0.41 percentage points lower average Beck Depression Inventory score than the unexposed group (p = 0.907). This study provides no support for family disruption during early childhood because of the onset of sudden shocks elevating depressive symptoms during late adulthood. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overexpressed-eIF3I interacted and activated oncogenic Akt1 is a theranostic target in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yi-Wei , Lin Kuen-Tyng , Chen Shu-Chuan , Gu De-Leung , Chen Chian-Feng , Tu Pang-Hsien , Jou Yuh-Shan 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit I (eIF3I) with transforming capability is often overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but its oncogenic mechanisms remain unknown. We demonstrate that eIF3I is overexpressed in various cancers along with activated Akt1 phosphorylation and kinase activity in an eIF3I dose-dependent manner. A novel eIF3I and Akt1 protein interaction was identified in HCC cell lines and tissues and was required for eIF3I-mediated activation of Akt1 signaling. Expression of either antisense eIF3I or dominant negative Akt1 mutant suppressed eIF3I-mediated Akt1 oncogenic signaling and various other tumorigenic effects. Oncogenic domain mapping of the eIF3I and Akt1 interaction suggested that the C-terminal eIF3I interacted with the Akt1 kinase domain and conferred the majority of oncogenic functions. In addition, eIF3I interaction with Akt1 prevented PP2A dephosphorylation of Akt1 and resulted in constitutively active Akt1 oncogenic signaling. Importantly, concordant expression of endogenous eIF3I and phospho-Akt1 was detected in HCC cell lines and tissues. Treatment of eIF3I overexpressing HCC cells with the Akt1 specific inhibitor API-2 suppressed eIF3I-mediated tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: We describe a constitutive Akt1 oncogenic mechanism resulting from interaction of overexpressed eIF3I with Akt1 that prevents PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation. Overexpression of eIF3I in HCC is oncogenic and is a surrogate marker and therapeutic target for treatment with Akt1 inhibitors. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;)
Pre‐ and post‐impoundment nitrogen in the lower Missouri River
Authors: Blevins Dale W. , Wilkison Donald H. , Niesen Shelley L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLarge water‐sample sets collected from 1899 through 1902, 1907, and in the early 1950s allow comparisons of pre‐impoundment and post‐impoundment (1969 through 2008) nitrogen concentrations in the lower Missouri River. Although urban wastes were not large enough to detectably increase annual loads of total nitrogen at the beginning of the 20th century, carcass waste, stock‐yard manure, and untreated human wastes measurably increased ammonia and organic‐nitrogen concentrations during low flows. Average total‐nitrogen concentrations in both periods were about 2.5 mg/l, but much of the particulate‐organic nitrogen, which was the dominant form of nitrogen around 1900, has been replaced by nitrate. This change in speciation was caused by the nearly 80% decrease in suspended‐sediment concentrations that occurred after impoundment, modern agriculture, drainage of riparian wetlands, and sewage treatment. Nevertheless, bioavailable nitrogen has not been low enough to limit primary production in the Missouri River since the beginning of the 20th century. Nitrate concentrations have increased more rapidly from 2000 through 2008 (5 to 12% per year), thus increasing bioavailable nitrogen delivered to the Mississippi River and affecting Gulf Coast hypoxia. The increase in nitrate concentrations with distance downstream is much greater during the post‐impoundment period. If strategies to decrease total‐nitrogen loads focus on particulate N, substantial decreases will be difficult because particulate nitrogen is now only 23% of total nitrogen in the Missouri River. A strategy aimed at decreasing particulates also could further exacerbate land loss along the Gulf of Mexico, which has been sediment starved since Missouri River impoundment. In contrast, strategies or benchmarks aimed at decreasing nitrate loads could substantially decrease nitrogen loadings because nitrates now constitute over half of the Missouri's nitrogen input to the Mississippi. Ongoing restoration and creation of wetlands along the Missouri River could be part of such a nitrate‐reduction strategy. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Estimating precipitation phase using a psychrometric energy balance method
Authors: Harder Phillip , Pomeroy John 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPrecipitation phase is fundamental to a catchment's hydrological response to precipitation events. Phase is particularly variable over time and space in the Canadian Rockies where snowfall or rainfall can occur any month of the year. Phase is controlled by the microphysics of the falling hydrometeor, but microphysical calculations require detailed atmospheric information that is often lacking for hydrological analyses. In hydrology, there have been many methods developed to estimate phase, but most are regionally calibrated, and many depend on air temperature (Ta) and use daily time steps. Phase is not only related to Ta, but to other meteorological variables, and precipitation events are temporally dynamic, adding uncertainty to the use of daily indices to estimate phase. To better predict precipitation phase, the psychrometric energy balance of a falling hydrometeor was calculated and used to develop a method to estimate precipitation phase. High quality precipitation phase and meteorological data were observed at multiple elevations in a small Canadian Rockies catchment, Marmot Creek Research Basin, at 15‐min intervals over several years to develop and test the method. The results of the psychrometric energy balance method were compared to phase observations, to other methods over varying time scales and seasons and at varying elevations and topographic exposures. The results indicate that the psychrometric energy balance method performs much better than Ta index methods and that this improvement, and the accuracy of the psychrometric energy balance method, increases as the time step of calculation decreases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using hydrogeochemical signatures of stream water to assess pathways for rainfall events: towards a predictive model
Authors: Figueiredo J. A. , Menor E. A. , Taboada‐Castro M. T. , Taboada‐Castro M. M. , Rodríguez‐Blanco M. L. , Braga E. S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThanks to its simple division into agricultural and forestry land use, the Corbeira catchment (Galicia, Spain) is used as a case study to build a predictive model using hydrogeochemical signatures. Stream data acquired under recessional flow conditions over a one year period were obtained from a sampling station near the downstream end of the catchment, and using principal component analysis, it is shown that some of the analytical parameters are covariant, and some are negatively correlated. These findings support inferences about the pathways of rainfall in the catchment. Specific signatures may be associated with the dominant hydrological source, either surface runoff or subsurface waters: additionally, the dominant land use in that part of the catchment, where the flow originated, can also be predicted. The dominant runoff shows a strong covariance between suspended solids (SS) and particulate phosphorus (PP), with a clear negative correlation with pH. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) data are associated with this covariant set when these compounds are available in the soils in question. Dissolved phosphorus, total organic nitrogen and dissolved nitrates are also associated with the same covariant set when the runoff flows through areas of extensive agricultural use. The SS − PP covariance is less significant at lower flows. Typical base flow regimes show a significant covariance between salinity and pH, with a marked negative correlation with SS − PP set, confirming the dominance of subsurface waters in the baseflow, as expected. Seasonally divergent DOC − SS behaviour proves to be a useful tracer for rainfall regimes. The DOC trend shows a sinusoidal annual variation in amplitude, determined by the rainfall regime. As a result, flow from the catchment is dominated by surface water whenever there is synchronicity between the peaks of DOC and SS. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.