bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Financial Structure Matter for Economic Growth? New Evidence from China
Authors: Xu Guangdong , Gui Binwei , Xu Shudan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFollowing the methodology of Beck et al. in 2001 and Levine in 2002, three relative indicators are constructed to measure China's financial structure at the provincial level and these indicators are applied to explore the current financial structure–economic growth nexus in the Chinese context. The ordinary panel regression model results indicate that different dimensions of financial structure have different growth implications, while the panel threshold regression model results suggest a nonlinear relationship between financial structure and economic growth based on the stage of economic development, the relative importance of the state sector, and the financial structure per se.
School‐based interventions targeting substance use among young people in low‐and‐middle‐income countries: A scoping review
Authors: Cadri Abdul , Beema Ameena Nizar , Schuster Tibor , Barnett Tracie , Asampong Emmanuel , Adams Alayne M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and aimGlobally, harmful substance use is among the leading causes of premature deaths in the general population, and most of these behaviours are initiated during pre‐adolescence to young adulthood. Preventing the onset or reducing the prevalence of substance use among young people is thus a global health priority. Diverse school‐based interventions have been implemented in low‐and‐middle‐income countries (LMICs); however, evidence regarding their theoretical underpinnings and core components is lacking. The aim of this scoping review was to identify the underlying (social/behavioural) theories, models or frameworks (TMF) and core (practical) components of school‐based interventions in LMICs aimed at preventing the onset or reducing the prevalence of substance use among young people.MethodsUsing the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidance for conducting scoping reviews, we searched scientific literature databases for articles published from 1995 to 2022. A further search was conducted using the reference lists of included articles. We selected randomized and non‐randomized trials of school‐based interventions in LMICs that aimed at preventing the onset or reducing the prevalence of substance use among young people. We used Covidence software to screen titles and abstracts, as well as full texts. We then extracted the data and analysed it using a descriptive content analysis approach. Two reviewers conducted the screening, extraction and data analysis and discussed discrepancies, and clarified doubts and uncertainties through consultation with the other team members.FindingsA total of 58 articles were included in the review. Most articles (63.8%) used either a single or combination of two or more TMFs to inform their interventions. The most widely used TMF was social learning theory followed by theory of planned behaviour. We identified six core components of substance use prevention interventions: education, school environment, school policy, parental involvement, peer engagement and counselling.ConclusionThis scoping review outlines the core components of school‐based substance use prevention interventions used in low‐and‐middle‐income countries and the common theories, models or frameworks that underpin the design of those interventions.
Re‐exploration following caesarean birth: a prospective national case–control study using the United Kingdom Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) data collection system
Authors: Bhatia Kailash , Columb Malachy , Knight Marian , Vause Sarah 
Published: July 2024

SummaryBackgroundRe‐exploration following caesarean birth and the associated maternal morbidity has not been investigated in the UK. Our aims were to determine the national incidence and identify the associated risk factors.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational case–control study across 194 UK consultant‐led maternity units in women whose caesarean birth was complicated by a re‐exploration. Independent factors for re‐exploration were analysed using multivariable multi‐level mixed effects logistic regression.ResultsOver the study period (1 June 2021 and 31 May 2022) 238,423 caesarean births were recorded across the UK of which 187 women underwent re‐exploration, giving an incidence of one re‐exploration per 1282 caesarean births (95%CI 1:1099–1:1471). Haemorrhage (124/187, 66.3%) and sepsis (31/187, 16.6%) were the most common findings at re‐exploration. Median (IQR [range]) time interval to re‐exploration following the caesarean birth was 1 (0–4 [0–28]) day. Mechanical ventilation was required in 34 (18.6%) women, cardiac arrest was reported in 5 (2.7%) and 3 (1.6%) women died. Independent preceding factors associated with a re‐exploration included: receipt of blood transfusion (adjusted OR (95%CI) 8.25 (2.66–25.61)); use of a general anaesthetic (adjusted OR (95%CI) 3.33 (1.61–6.88)); pre‐eclampsia (adjusted OR (95%CI) 3.27 (1.55–6.91)); black ethnicity (adjusted OR (95%CI) 3.14 (1.39–7.11)); postpartum haemorrhage (adjusted OR (95%CI) 2.82 (1.81–4.37)); use of anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs pre‐caesarean birth (adjusted OR (95%CI) 2.26 (1.35–3.81)); and emergency caesarean birth (adjusted OR (95%CI) 1.89 (1.01–3.57)).ConclusionRe‐exploration following caesarean birth in the UK is uncommon but is associated with significant maternal morbidity and mortality. These study findings will help guide informed consent and encourage appropriate surveillance of high‐risk women postpartum.
The educational game SonoQz improves diagnostic performance in ultrasound assessment of ovarian tumors
Authors: Smedberg Erica , Åkerlund Måns , Andersson Franko Mikael , Epstein Elisabeth 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionOur objective was to determine whether the educational game SonoQz can improve diagnostic performance in ultrasound assessment of ovarian tumors.Material and MethodsThe SonoQz mobile application was developed as an educational tool for medical doctors to practice ultrasound assessment, based on still images of ovarian tumors. The game comprises images from 324 ovarian tumors, examined by an ultrasound expert prior to surgery. A training phase, where the participants assessed at least 200 cases in the SonoQz app, was preceded by a pretraining test, and followed by a posttraining test. Two equal tests (A and B), each consisting of 20 cases, were used as pre‐ and posttraining tests. Half the users took test A first, B second, and the remaining took the tests in the opposite order. Users were asked to classify the tumors (1) according to International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) Simple Rules, (2) as benign or malignant, and (3) suggest a specific histological diagnosis. Logistic mixed models with fixed effects for pre‐ and posttraining tests, and crossed random effects for participants and cases, were used to determine any improvement in test scores, sensitivity, and specificity.ResultsFifty‐eight doctors from 19 medical centers participated. Comparing the pre‐ and posttraining test, the median of correctly classified cases, in Simple Rules assessment increased from 72% to 83%, p < 0.001; in classifying the lesion as benign or malignant tumors from 86% to 95%, p < 0.001; and in making a specific diagnosis from 43% to 63%, p < 0.001. When classifying tumors as benign or malignant, at an unchanged level of sensitivity (98% vs. 97%, p = 0.157), the specificity increased from 70% to 89%, p < 0.001.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the educational game SonoQz is an effective tool that may improve diagnostic performance in assessing ovarian tumors, specifically by reducing the number of false positives while maintaining high sensitivity.
Not attending preschool was linked to challenges in peer relationships
Authors: Fabian Helena , Fält Elisabet , Dahlberg Anton , Salari Raziye , Durbeej Natalie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimThere is limited research on the impact of preschool attendance on socio‐emotional problems. This study aimed to investigate the association between not attending preschool and emotional and behavioural problems among children aged 3–5 years in Sweden.MethodsWe analysed cross‐sectional data from 9395 children, rated by both parents or by one parent. The dependent variable, emotional and behavioural problems, was measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Preschool attendance served as the independent variable. Single and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted.ResultsOnly 1.2% of children did not attend preschool. Single logistic regression models, using SDQ subscales with scores at or above the cut‐off point as outcomes, showed that not attending preschool was associated with peer relationship problems, rated by mothers, and with peer relationship problems and overall difficulties, rated by fathers. These associations remained significant when controlling for covariates. Children with parents born outside Sweden or with lower educational levels had higher odds of experiencing peer relationship problems and overall difficulties.ConclusionChildren who do not attend preschool are at heightened risk of experiencing peer relationship problems. It is important to ensure that children who may benefit most from preschool education receive adequate support.
Digital medication and patients' right of autonomy in Spain
Authors: Pérez Álvarez Salvador 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe progress the Internet has experienced in recent years has brought about huge changes and social transformation in all aspects of our lives. One such aspect greatly impacted has been our health, where we can talk about the existence of an ‘Internet of Medical Things’. Amid this digital drift, we have seen the development of pharmaceutical drugs that provide information to patients and their attending healthcare teams concerning medication, doses ingested, and time of ingestion. These are digital pills or digital medication. In this context, the purpose of my paper is to analyze the ethical and legal impact of digital medication, further analyzing the implications concerning the right of service users to make decisions over their own health in Spain.
Mental contrasting promotes effective self‐regulation for the benefits of groups
Authors: Kim SunYoung , Gollwitzer Peter M. , Oettingen Gabriele 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSelf‐regulation is essential for maintaining harmonious social connections and sustaining groups, yet little research has examined how individuals regulate their actions for the benefits of groups and which self‐regulatory strategies promote effective self‐regulation (active engagement and disengagement) in group contexts. In three experiments, focusing on identity groups (family and friends in Study 1) and two distinct functional groups (workplace teams in Study 2; sports teams in Study 3), we investigated whether mental contrasting of a desired future with the obstacle of reality, compared to indulging in the desired future, facilitates expectancy‐dependent contributions for the benefits of groups. We assessed participants' expectancies of successfully contributing to their groups and varied the mode of thought (mental contrasting vs. indulging). Contributions to groups were measured 1 week (Studies 1 and 2) and 3 weeks later (Study 3). Results showed that mental contrasting guided people to align their actions with expectancy levels; the higher their expectancy, the more people contributed to their groups. In contrast, indulging resulted in insensitivity to expectancy levels. Our findings suggest the potential applicability of the mental contrasting strategy for promoting effective self‐regulation in various group settings and provide insights into designing interventions to enhance individuals' engagement in groups.
Using ECHO program data to develop a brief measure of caregiver support and cognitive stimulation using the home observation for measurement of the environment‐infant/toddler (HOME‐IT)
Authors: Trevino Cindy O. , Lai Jin‐Shei , Tang Xiaodan , LeWinn Kaja Z. , Nozadi Sara S. , Wosu Adaeze , Leve Leslie D. , Towe‐Goodman Nissa R. , Ni Yu , Graff Joyce Carolyn , Karr Catherine J. , Collett Brent R. ,   program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes
Published: July 2024

AbstractData from three NIH Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program cohorts that collected the HOME‐Infant‐Toddler (HOME‐IT age 0–3 years) version were used to examine the reliability of a brief scale of caregiver support and cognitive stimulation. Participants with HOME‐IT data (N = 2518) were included in this analysis. Mean child age at HOME‐IT assessment was 1.51 years, 48% of children were female, and 43% of children identified as Black. A four‐stage analysis plan was used to evaluate item response theory assumptions, item response theory model fit, monotonicity, scalability, item fit, and differential item functioning. Results indicate the feasibility of developing a reliable 10‐item scale (reliability >0.7) with particularly high precision for children with lower levels of cognitive stimulation.
Cascading upper bounds for triangle soup Pompeiu‐Hausdorff distance
Authors: Sacht Leonardo , Jacobson Alec 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe propose a new method to accurately approximate the Pompeiu‐Hausdorff distance from a triangle soup A to another triangle soup B up to a given tolerance. Based on lower and upper bound computations, we discard triangles from A that do not contain the maximizer of the distance to B and subdivide the others for further processing. In contrast to previous methods, we use four upper bounds instead of only one, three of which newly proposed by us. Many triangles are discarded using the simpler bounds, while the most difficult cases are dealt with by the other bounds. Exhaustive testing determines the best ordering of the four upper bounds. A collection of experiments shows that our method is faster than all previous accurate methods in the literature.
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of asundexian in healthy Chinese and Japanese volunteers, and comparison with Caucasian data
Authors: Chen Huijun , Hashizume Kensei , Kanefendt Friederike , Brase Christine , Schmitz Sebastian , Liu Tianxing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThere is an unmet clinical need for effective anticoagulant therapies for the management of thromboembolic diseases that are not associated with a relevant risk of bleeding. Asundexian (BAY 2433334) is an oral, direct, small‐molecule inhibitor of activated factor XI (FXIa). Phase I data from healthy Caucasian male participants indicated predictable pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles and no clinically relevant bleeding‐related adverse events (AEs). Reported here are data from two phase I, randomized, placebo‐controlled, single‐ and multiple‐dose escalation studies of asundexian conducted in 60 healthy men: 24 Japanese and 36 Chinese. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the treatment groups. All treatment‐emergent AEs were mild, with no serious AEs or AEs of special interest reported. Systemic exposure to asundexian increased dose proportionally after single or multiple dosing, with relatively low accumulation following multiple once‐daily dosing in both Chinese and Japanese volunteers. Asundexian induced dose‐dependent prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time and inhibition of FXIa activity, with no effects on prothrombin time or FXI concentration in Japanese participants. There were no clinically relevant interethnic differences in PK profile across the Japanese, Chinese, and Caucasian (data from the previous phase I study) participants and no clinically relevant difference in PD response between Japanese and Caucasian participants.
Effect of oral semaglutide on energy intake, appetite, control of eating and gastric emptying in adults living with obesity: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gabe Maria Buur Nordskov , Breitschaft Astrid , Knop Filip Krag , Hansen Morten Rix , Kirkeby Katrine , Rathor Naveen , Adrian Charlotte Lindorff 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the effects of once‐daily oral semaglutide 50 mg on energy intake, appetite, control of eating and gastric emptying.MethodsA clinical pharmacology, double‐blind study was conducted in 61 adults with obesity randomized to once‐daily oral semaglutide (dose‐escalated to 50 mg) or placebo for 20 weeks. Energy intake was measured during an ad libitum lunch, and participant‐reported appetite ratings and Control of Eating Questionnaire responses were assessed. Gastric emptying was measured using paracetamol absorption following a standardized breakfast.ResultsThe relative change from baseline in ad libitum energy intake at week 20 (primary endpoint) was −39.2% points (95% confidence interval −59.0%, −19.4%) with semaglutide compared with placebo. Body weight was reduced by 9.8% with semaglutide and by 1.5% with placebo. Semaglutide reduced hunger, increased fullness and satiety, and was associated with fewer food cravings and better control of eating versus placebo. No statistically significant difference in gastric emptying was observed at week 20.ConclusionsIn participants with obesity, once‐daily oral semaglutide 50 mg reduced energy intake, body weight and appetite, and improved control of eating. There was no evidence of delayed gastric emptying at week 20, as measured through paracetamol absorption.
Stationary steam power in the United Kingdom, 1800–70: An empirical reassessment
Authors: Bottomley Sean 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe conventional view that the industrial revolution was premised on the unprecedented supply of mechanical power delivered via steam engines has been undermined by econometric work, purporting to show that their adoption outside the cotton and mining sectors was extremely limited until at least 1870. This was largely because water and wind power remained viable and cost‐competitive substitutes long into the nineteenth century. Using evidence from a newly compiled ‘census’ of stationary power installations in Suffolk, this paper demonstrates instead that the adoption of steam power was far greater than previously thought, especially in manufacturing. Moreover, the assumption that steam could be invariably substituted with environmental forces is untenable. Depending on circumstances, even very modest power requirements could only be met with steam. Although the quantitative picture remains incomplete, steam power was likely an indispensable sustentative factor for industrialization.
Integrated primary and community mental health care for young adults with serious mental illness: A program evaluation
Authors: Sowden Gillian L. , Ferron Joelle C. , Pratt Sarah I. , Swenson Kerri R. , Carbin Julianne , Gowarty Minda A. , Tvorun Dunn Alisa G. , MacKenzie Todd A. , Brunette Mary F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimYoung adults with serious mental illness (SMI) have poor physical health and high Emergency Department (ED) and hospital utilization. Integrating primary care into community mental health care may be an important form of early intervention.MethodsAdjusted multivariable regressions assessed changes in self‐reported annual primary care, ED and hospital utilization for 83 young adults with SMI enrolled in integrated care.ResultsParticipants' mean annual per person utilization changed significantly as follows: primary care visits, from 1.8 to 3.6, p < .001; medical ED visits, from 1.0 to 0.6, p < .01; psychiatric ED visits from 0.6 to 0.2, p < .001; medical inpatient days, from 1.2 to 0.1, p < .001 and psychiatric inpatient days, from 6.3 to 2.6, p < .001.ConclusionsYoung adults with SMI receiving integrated care increased primary care and reduced ED and inpatient utilization. Future controlled research is warranted to further assess integrated care for young adults with SMI.
The unity argument: Phenomenology's departure from Kant
Authors: Alweiss Lilian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhenomenology questions the centrality that Kant attributes to the “I think.” It claims that on the pre‐reflective level experience is selfless as unity is given. I call this the “unity argument.” The paper explores the significance of this claim by focusing on the work of Edmund Husserl. What interests me is that although the unity argument claims that we can account for the unity of experience without appealing to the an “I think,” Husserl agrees with Kant that experience must be owned. Moreover, he endorses Kant's dictum that ‘the “I think” must be capable of accompanying all my presentations’. The aim of the paper is to explore how Husserl can consistently appeal to Kant's account of the “I think” and at the same time contend that on the pre‐reflective level experience is selfless. The thesis I wish to advance is that although the unity argument acknowledges that experience is necessarily mine, it reveals that it is a necessary feature of self‐reference that I have never taken absolute ownership over my experience. This may explain why our sense of self can often be out of tune with the way we live our lives.
Simple tape‐stripping method for highly reliable and quantitative analysis of skin microbiome
Authors: Soga Naoki , Nagura Risa , Nakamura Risa , Kohda Katsunori , Motoyama Yumi , Ito Masakazu , Nakagawa Ichiro , Nakajima Saeko , Ikeuchi Akinori 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe composition of human skin microbiome profoundly impacts host skin health and disease. However, the relationship between skin homeostasis or the development of skin diseases and daily changes in skin microbial composition is poorly understood. Longitudinal samplings at more frequent intervals would address this issue, while conventional sampling methods have technical difficulties, leading to limitations in sampling opportunities. Here, we developed a simple and stable tape‐stripping method regardless of the operator's skill. Our method enables skin microbial sampling within 30 seconds and taking multiple skin microbial samples from the same body site. The amount of microbial DNA among multiple sampling sites could be measured within 13.5%. The sequencing results of multiple sampling showed high consistency, Pearson's correlation coefficient between multiple samples of 0.98. Furthermore, these results were comparable to those collected by the conventional swabbing method. These results demonstrate that our tape‐stripping method enables simple microbiome collection and highly reliable quantitative skin microbiome analysis. These features of our method would lead to a further understanding of skin disease development or diagnosis of skin conditions in clinical research by increasing the opportunities for microbial sampling.