bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of total spinal anesthesia on cardiac function in a large animal model of brain death
Authors: Almoustadi Waiel A. , Lee Trevor W.R. , Klein Julianne , Kumar Kanwal , Arora Rakesh C. , Tian Ganghong , Freed Darren H. 
Published: August 2012

Brain death (BD) causes cardiac dysfunction in organ donors, attributable to the catecholamine storm that occurs with raised intracerebral pressure (ICP). However the direct contribution of the spinal sympathetics has not been well described. We examined the effect of total spinal anesthesia (TSA) on cardiac function in a large animal model of BD. Eighteen pigs were allocated to 3 experimental groups: Group 1, the saline-treated control group; Group 2, TSA administered prior to BD; and Group 3, TSA administered 30 min after BD. Inflation of an intracerebral balloon-tipped catheter was used to induce BD. Ventricular function was assessed using a pressure–volume loop catheter and magnetic resonance imaging. Serum catecholamine levels were assessed with high performance liquid chromatography. Inflation of the intracerebral balloon-tipped catheter was associated with a dramatic rise in heart rate and blood pressure, along with increased concentrations of serum epinephrine and norepinephrine. This phenomenon was not observed in Group 2. In Group 1, there was a significant decline in contractility, whereas groups 2 and 3 saw no change. Group 2 had greater contractile reserve than groups 1 and 3. Our data demonstrate the central role of spinal sympathetics in the hemodynamic response to raised ICP. Further work is required to determine the utility of TSA in reversing cardiac dysfunction in BD donors.
Dual influence of spontaneous hypertension on membrane properties and ATP production in heart and kidney mitochondria in rat: effect of captopril and nifedipine, adaptation and dysadaptation
Authors: Ziegelhöffer A. , Mujkošová J. , Ferko M. , Vrbjar N. , Ravingerová T. , Uličná O. , Waczulíková I. , Ziegelhöffer B. 
Published: August 2012

This study deals with changes, induced by hypertension and its treatment, in the function and properties of mitochondria in the heart and kidneys. Male, 16-week-old hypertensive rats were allocated to 3 groups: (i) animals treated daily for 4 weeks with captopril (CAP, 80 mg·(kg body mass)–1, n = 45), (ii) animals treated with CAP + nifedipine (NIF, 10 mg·kg–1, n = 45), or (iii) untreated hypertensive controls (n = 96). Wistar rats (n = 96) were used as normotensive controls. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), and heart mass / body mass (HW/BW) ratio were measured at the beginning and end of the experiments; measurements for mitochondrial Mg2+-ATPase activity, O2-consumption (QO2), respiratory control index (RCI), ADP/O, oxidative phosphorylation rate (OPR), conjugated diene content (CD), and membrane fluidity (MF) were also taken at different time intervals. In the heart, elevated SBP, HR, and HW/BW accompanied increased QO2, OPR, and Mg2+-ATPase activity, indicating an adaptive response to hypertension-induced increase in the energy demands of the myocardium. Treatments with CAP or with CAP + NIF were very similar in their prevention of increase in SBP, HR, HW/BW, and the rise in OPR (all p < 0.05–0.01). In the kidneys, hypertension induced a drop in OPR; however, antihypertensive therapy aggravated the resulting energy deficiency, whereby treatment with CAP + NIF was more detrimental than treatment with CAP alone. Heart and kidney mitochondria exhibited negligible changes in CD and moderately increased MF, which was more potentiated by treatment with CAP alone than with CAP + NIF.
Early Holocene glacial retreat isolated populations of river otters (Lontra canadensis) along the Alaskan coast
Authors: Seymour M.S. , Ott K.E. , Guertin D.A. , Golden H.N. , McDonald D.B. , Ben-David M. 
Published: August 2012

Pleistocene climatic oscillations have resulted in high rates of speciation. Lesser known are speciation events related to recent glacial retreats. During the early Holocene many Alaskan coastal glaciers receded, exposing much of the Kodiak Island Archipelago (KOD), the Kenai Peninsula, and Prince William Sound (PWS). Using fecal DNA analyses on samples collected in KOD, PWS, Kenai Fjords National Park (KEFJ), Katmai National Park and Preserve (KATM), and Vancouver Island, British Columbia (BC), we found isolation by distance to be an important mechanism for the divergence of populations of river otters ( Lontra canadensis (Schreber, 1777)) along the Pacific coast. Nonetheless, our results also demonstrated that KOD river otters appear to be more isolated genetically from their mainland conspecifics (approximately 50 km away), as river otters inhabiting PWS are from those in BC (over 2500 km away). In addition, KATM and KOD otters likely differentiated from one ancestral stock that inhabited the southwestern shores of Alaska during the Pleistocene and was isolated from more easterly populations by distance. The low genetic diversity among KOD river otters, compared with similar subpopulations in PWS, is likely the result of a founder effect and limited gene flow among the different islands within the Archipelago. Our observation that glacial retreat, rising sea levels, and formation of the Gulf of Alaska Coastal Current in the early Holocene likely led to divergence of populations of river otters, a highly mobile semiaquatic mammal, highlights the potential for future speciation events related to current climate change and ocean currents in coastal animal populations.
Incidence of male intersex in adult Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus), with a brief discussion of intersex vs. hermaphroditism in lampreys (Petromyzontiformes)
Authors: Clemens Benjamin J. , Sower Stacia A. , van de Wetering Stan , Schreck Carl B. 
Published: August 2012

We report the incidence of male intersex in adult Pacific lamprey ( Entosphenus tridentatus (Richardson, 1836)) during their pre-spawning migration in fresh water. Although “hermaphrodites” have been suggested in other adult lampreys, this is the first detailed description and discussion of this phenomenon. A total of 0.5% of our adult Pacific lamprey from Willamette Falls (2 out of 427 adults) were intersex, with oocytes in the testes. This phenomenon was identifiable only by histological examination. The testes of the intersex males were immature, in the beginning stages of meiosis. One intersex male possessed primary growth or perinucleolar stage oocytes loosely interspersed throughout the testes, and the other possessed at least 6 mid-vitellogenic oocytes (0.6 mm, mean long diameter) separate from the testes. Because premetamorphic lamprey can possess both female and male gonial cells, we hypothesize that intersex is a remnant larval trait and that these fish failed to fully develop into males during metamorphosis.
The Namibian and Brazilian southern South Atlantic petroleum systems: are they comparable analogues?
Authors: Mello Marcio Rocha , De Azambuja Filho Nilo C. , Bender André A. , Barbanti Silvana Maria , Mohriak Webster , Schmitt Priscila , De Jesus Carlos Luciano C. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Tectonic reconstructions made across the southern South Atlantic Ocean indicate a diversity of rift and drift basin characteristics on the conjugate margins that define them as different stratigraphic and structural entities. In terms of petroleum systems, the basins are not as unlike as some characteristics suggest. Given the lack of significant hydrocarbon discoveries to date south of the Walvis Ridge, doubts have been cast on the presence in this area of the prolific Lower Cretaceous lacustrine and marine source rock systems, which are well known in the Greater Campos Basin and offshore Angola. Oils and condensates from the basins south and north of the Walvis Ridge exhibit geochemical similarities suggesting that comparable source rock systems are present in both areas. The condensate geochemical analysis results from the Kudu Field in Namibia are compared with oils from marine and lacustrine sources in Brazil, indicating that the Kudu condensates are derived from at least two different source rocks. These results suggest that the underexplored basins offshore Namibia contain thermally mature Lower Cretaceous lacustrine and marine source rocks, offering a new frontier for petroleum exploration in Africa's southern South Atlantic.
Pyrrhotite remagnetizations in the Himalaya: a review
Authors: Appel E. , Crouzet C. , Schill E. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

This paper reviews results on the nature and thermo-tectonic interpretation of widespread pyrrhotite remagnetizations in the Himalaya. Throughout the last two decades a large dataset has been acquired, in particular from low-grade metamorphic rocks of the Tethyan Sedimentary Series (TSS). The nature of this magnetization is a thermoremanence when the peak metamorphic temperature
T
max
exceeded the Curie temperature (
T
c
c.
325 °C) of pyrrhotite; in this case the remanence age can be related to last metamorphic cooling. For
T
max
<
T
c
, the remanence can be of chemical, thermochemical or thermoremanent origin. Cooling ages show a systematic trend of
c.
50–20 Ma from the western to the eastern Himalaya. The pyrrhotite remagnetizations post-date main Himalayan folding and record late orogenic long-wavelength rotations and tiltings around vertical and horizontal axes. Remanence directions in the western Himalaya are well matching with large-scale deformations of rotational shortening and oroclinal bending, while in the central and eastern Himalaya they are predominantly controlled by meso-scale effects due to crustal doming. Stable pyrrhotite remanences are especially typical for low-grade marly limestones in the TSS, but were also found in medium-grade rocks of the Lesser Himalaya, highly metamorphic rocks of the Higher Himalayan Crystalline and diorite dykes intruding into the TSS.
Palaeomagnetism of the Mississippian Barnett Shale, Fort Worth Basin, Texas
Authors: Dennie Devin , Elmore R. D. , Deng John , Manning Earl , Pannalal Johari 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A palaeomagnetic study of four oriented cores was conducted to better understand the timing of diagenetic events in the Mississippian Barnett Shale, a primary source rock and the unconventional gas reservoir in the Fort Worth Basin, Texas. Thermal demagnetization removes a present-field modern viscous remanent magnetization (VRM) as well as a chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) that has shallow inclinations and streaked south–SE-directed declinations. The VRM was used to orient the CRM data for one well and it produced a similar streak of directions. The streaking of directions could represent a mixing trend between two or more CRMs. Specimens from bedding-parallel and NE subvertical mineralized fractures contain a CRM that is interpreted to be of Pennsylvanian age and to have formed in response to burial diagenetic processes. NE- and NW-oriented vertical fractures are common to rocks that contain late Permian to Triassic CRMs. Sr and sulphur isotope results from vein minerals around NE fractures suggest the CRM could be related to fluids sourced from the Ouachita front. The SE directions in the streak could be explained if the northern part of the basin experienced a component of anticlockwise rotation of up to 20° in the Pennsylvanian.
A multidisciplinary investigation of multiple remagnetizations within the Southern Canadian Cordillera, SW Alberta and SE British Columbia
Authors: Zechmeister M. S. , Pannalal S. , Elmore R. D. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

An integrated palaeomagnetic, geochemical and petrographic study was conducted on two folds in the Front Range of the Southern Canadian Cordillera in order to better understand the timing and origin of chemical remanent magnetizations (CRMs) relative to orogenesis. The folds are contained within Mississippian carbonates (330–335 Ma) which contain a pervasive pre-tilting to early syn-tilting Early Cretaceous, high-temperature CRM residing in magnetite. An intermediate-temperature CRM is a late syn-tilting to post-tilting, possibly Tertiary remagnetization, residing in pyrrhotite. A fluid conduit test (FCT) conducted on bedding-parallel veins shows that they are associated with the magnetite CRM, whereas late-stage tensile veins show a relationship to a pyrrhotite CRM. Elevated
87
Sr /
86
Sr data indicate alteration by fluids with a radiogenic signature; along with the FCT results, these data are consistent with the interpretation that the magnetite CRM formed as a result of hydrocarbons and/or evolved basinal fluids that migrated ahead of the deformation front. Based on the presence of sulphur-enriched bitumen, barite and sphalerite, common by-products of thermal sulphate reduction (TSR), the pyrrhotite CRM is interpreted to be the result of late-stage TSR caused by warm basement fluids which moved along faults and fractures.
Episodic Remagnetizations related to tectonic events and their consequences for the South America Polar Wander Path
Authors: Font E. , Rapalini A. E. , Tomezzoli R. N. , Trindade R. I. F. , Tohver E. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The South American record of remagnetizations is linked to specific events of its tectonic history stretching back to Precambrian times. At the Ediacaran–Cambrian time interval (570–500 Ma), the final stages of the western Gondwana assemblage led to remagnetization of Neoproterozoic carbonates within the São Francisco–Congo Craton and at the border of the Amazon Craton, along the Araguaia–Paraguay–Pampean Belt. From the late Permian to early Triassic, the San Rafaelic orogeny and the emplacement of the Choiyoi magmatic province was responsible for widespread remagnetizations in Argentina and Uruguay. Cretaceous remagnetization has also been documented in Brazil and interpreted to result from magmatism and fault reactivations linked to the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean. We present a review of these widespread remagnetization events principally based on palaeomagnetic data and, when available, on rock magnetic and radiogenic isotope age data. This study gives an overview of the geographical distribution of the remagnetization events in South America, and provides important clues to better understand the geodynamic evolution of the South American plate at these times. In addition, magnetic mineralogy data for the different case studies presented here constrain the physical–chemical mechanisms that led to partial or total resetting of magnetic remanences in sedimentary rocks.
Remagnetization of the Alamo Breccia, Nevada
Authors: Evans Stacey C. , Elmore R. Douglas , Dennie Devin , Dulin Shannon A. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

The Devonian Alamo Breccia is a thick (<30–130 m) unit, interpreted as a bolide impact deposit, which is bracketed by marine carbonates. Samples were collected within the breccia and above/below the breccia for a contact test to determine if the breccia acted as a conduit for fluids that could have caused the widespread chemical remanent magnetizations (CRMs) present in Palaeozoic Era rocks in Nevada. The carbonates above, below and in the breccia contain a Cretaceous Period syn-tilting CRM that resides in pyrrhotite and a pre-tilting late Palaeozoic Era CRM that resides in magnetite. The contact test is negative. Despite these results, diagenetic alteration by externally derived fluids is interpreted as the most likely mechanism of remagnetization. This hypothesis is supported by
87
Sr/
86
Sr values in the breccia and surrounding rocks that suggest alteration by fluids with a radiogenic signature. The fluids were not localized in the breccia but are interpreted to have moved pervasively through the rocks. The results differ from some other studies that found that fluids caused localized CRMs around fluid conduits.
Late Pleistocene and Holocene uplift history of Cyprus: implications for active tectonics along the southern margin of the Anatolian microplate
Authors: Harrison R. W. , Tsiolakis E. , Stone B. D. , Lord A. , McGeehin J. P. , Mahan S. A. , Chirico P. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

The nature of the southern margin of the Anatolian microplate during the Neogene is complex, controversial and fundamental in understanding active plate-margin tectonics and natural hazards in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Our investigation provides new insights into the Late Pleistocene uplift history of Cyprus and the Troodos Ophiolite. We provide isotopic (
14
C) and radiogenic (luminescence) dates of outcropping marine sediments in eastern Cyprus that identify periods of deposition during marine isotope stages (MIS) 3, 4, 5 and 6. Past sea-levels indicated by these deposits are
c.
95±25 m higher in elevation than estimates of worldwide eustatic sea-level. An uplift rate of
c.
1.8 mm/year and possibly as much as
c.
4.1 mm/year in the past
c.
26–40 ka is indicated. Holocene marine deposits also occur at elevations higher than those expected for past SL and suggest uplift rates of
c.
1.2–2.1 mm/year. MIS-3 marine deposits that crop out in southern and western Cyprus indicate uniform island-wide uplift. We propose a model of tectonic wedging at a plate-bounding restraining bend as a mechanism for Late Pleistocene to Holocene uplift of Cyprus; uplift is accommodated by deformation and seismicity along the margins of the Troodos Ophiolite and re-activation of its low-angle, basal shear zone.

Supplementary material:

An expanded description of the procedures used in determining OSL ages for samples given in Table
2
is available at
www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18533
.
In Vivo Regulation of TGF-β by R-Ras2 Revealed through Loss of the RasGAP Protein NF1
Authors: Patmore Deanna M. , Welch Sara , Fulkerson Patricia C. , Wu Jianqiang , Choi Kwangmin , Eaves David , Kordich Jennifer J. , Collins Margaret H. , Cripe Timothy P. , Ratner Nancy 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Ras superfamily proteins participate in TGF-β—mediated developmental pathways that promote either tumor suppression or progression. However, the specific Ras proteins, which integrate in vivo with TGF-β signaling pathways, are unknown. As a general approach to this question, we activated all Ras proteins in vivo by genetic deletion of the RasGAP protein Nf1 and examined mice doubly deficient in a Ras protein to determine its requirement in formation of TGF-β—dependent neurofibromas that arise in Nf1-deficient mice. Animals lacking Nf1 and the Ras-related protein R-Ras2/TC21 displayed a delay in formation of neurofibromas but an acceleration in formation of brain tumors and sarcomas. Loss of R-Ras2 was associated with elevated expression of TGF-β in Nf1-deficient Schwann cell precursors, blockade of a Nf1/TGFβRII/AKT-dependent autocrine survival loop in tumor precursor cells, and decreased precursor cell numbers. Furthermore, the increase in size of sarcomas from xenografts doubly deficient in these genes was also found to be TGF-β—dependent, in this case resulting from cell nonautonomous effects on endothelial cells and myofibroblasts. Extending these findings in clinical specimens, we documented an increase in TGF-β ligands and an absence of TGF-β receptor II in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, which correspond to tumors in the Nf1-deficient mouse model. Together, our findings reveal R-Ras2 as a critical regulator of TGF-β signaling in vivo. Cancer Res; 72(20); 5317–27. ©2012 AACR.
Identifying and Targeting ROS1 Gene Fusions in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Davies Kurtis D. , Le Anh T. , Theodoro Mariana F. , Skokan Margaret C. , Aisner Dara L. , Berge Eamon M. , Terracciano Luigi M. , Cappuzzo Federico , Incarbone Matteo , Roncalli Massimo , Alloisio Marco , Santoro Armando , Camidge D. Ross , Varella-Garcia Marileila , Doebele Robert C. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Oncogenic gene fusions involving the 3′ region of ROS1 kinase have been identified in various human cancers. In this study, we sought to characterize ROS1 fusion genes in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and establish the fusion proteins as drug targets.
Experimental Design: An NSCLC tissue microarray (TMA) panel containing 447 samples was screened for ROS1 rearrangement by FISH. This assay was also used to screen patients with NSCLC. In positive samples, the identity of the fusion partner was determined through inverse PCR and reverse transcriptase PCR. In addition, the clinical efficacy of ROS1 inhibition was assessed by treating a ROS1-positive patient with crizotinib. The HCC78 cell line, which expresses the SLC34A2–ROS1 fusion, was treated with kinase inhibitors that have activity against ROS1. The effects of ROS1 inhibition on proliferation, cell-cycle progression, and cell signaling pathways were analyzed by MTS assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting.
Results: In the TMA panel, 5 of 428 (1.2%) evaluable samples were found to be positive for ROS1 rearrangement. In addition, 1 of 48 patients tested positive for rearrangement, and this patient showed tumor shrinkage upon treatment with crizotinib. The patient and one TMA sample displayed expression of the recently identified SDC4–ROS1 fusion, whereas two TMA samples expressed the CD74–ROS1 fusion and two others expressed the SLC34A2–ROS1 fusion. In HCC78 cells, treatment with ROS1 inhibitors was antiproliferative and downregulated signaling pathways that are critical for growth and survival.
Conclusions: ROS1 inhibition may be an effective treatment strategy for the subset of patients with NSCLC whose tumors express ROS1 fusion genes. Clin Cancer Res; 18(17); 4570–9. ©2012 AACR.
MicroRNA Dissects Out Dangerous Pancreatic Cysts from All the Rest
Authors: Thomas Ryan M. , Fleming Jason B. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Malignant transformation of pancreatic cysts occurs in only a fraction of patients. The diagnostic dilemma is identifying which cysts pose a cancerous threat. Cyst fluid has been analyzed in a variety of ways to answer this question but the microRNA (miRNA) profile of the fluid may finally hold the answer. Clin Cancer Res; 18(17); 4482–4. ©2012 AACR.
Monocyte function and trafficking in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Pardali Evangelia , Waltenberger Johannes 
Published: August 2012

SummaryMonocytes are key effectors of the immune homeostasis and play a crucial role in (vascular) injury repair. Despite their role in immune defense and tissue repair mechanisms, monocytes are also involved in several pathological conditions such as autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases as well as cancer. This suggests that monocytes can be used as diagnostic and as therapeutic targets. A better understanding and characterisation of monocytes and their function in both physiological and pathological situations is thus of great interest. This review focuses on recent advances on the role of monocytes in cardiovascular diseases and describes the value of monocytes as either disease marker or therapeutic target for (cardio)vascular diseases.