bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Brief Mindfulness Intervention on Tolerance and Distress of Pain Induced by Cold‐Pressor Task
Authors: Liu Xinghua , Wang Sisi , Chang Shaochen , Chen Wenjun , Si Mei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA number of studies have demonstrated that short‐term meditation intervention can lead to greater tolerance and lower pain or distress ratings of experimentally induced pain. However, few attempts have been made to examine the effects of short‐term mindfulness‐based intervention on the tolerance and distress of pain, when delivered in a therapist‐free form. The present research explored the effect of brief mindfulness intervention using pre‐recorded instruction on pain experimentally induced by the cold‐pressor task. The effects of the mindfulness strategy, the distraction strategy and spontaneous strategy, all through the instructions of pre‐recorded voices, were compared. The subjects were drawn from healthy college students and randomly assigned to the aforementioned three groups. Our results showed that compared with using spontaneous strategies, the mindfulness intervention significantly improved the participants' pain tolerance and reduced their immersion distress. The distraction strategy also significantly improved the participants' pain tolerance. However, it did not have a significant effect on the participants' level of distress during the immersion period. Our results suggest that brief mindfulness intervention without a therapist's personal involvement is capable of helping people cope with pain induced by the cold‐pressor task. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Highly Entangled Polymeric Nanoconstruct Assembled by siRNA and its Reduction‐Triggered siRNA Release for Gene Silencing
Authors: Namgung Ran , Kim Won Jong 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA nanoconstruct (NC) is developed from a biocompatible natural polymer and siRNA conjugates to deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) target‐specifically without cationic condensation reagents. This study reports a novel siRNA‐mediated cross‐linked NC produced by hybridizing two complementary single‐stranded siRNAs that are conjugated to the polymer dextran via a disulfide linkage. The reducible disulfide bond between the siRNA and polymer allow siRNA release from the NC in the reducible cytoplasmic region after the NC enters the cell. In addition, when the NC contains the prostate‐carcinoma‐binding peptide aptamer DUP‐1, it can selectively deliver siRNA into prostate cancer cells of the PC‐3 lines; thus, the newly formulated NC has reduced the cytotoxicity and improved the efficacy of target‐specific siRNA delivery. Moreover, this new concept of NCs using biocompatible siRNA and a neutral polymer may provide insightful knowledge for future directions for designing NCs for stimuli‐responsive and advanced target‐specific siRNA delivery.
Web applications design recovery and evolution with RE‐UWA
Authors: Bernardi Mario Luca , Cimitile Marta , Distante Damiano 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents a semi‐automatic approach for the recovery and evolution of the design of existing Web applications. The proposed approach is structured in two main phases and is based on the Ubiquitous Web Applications (UWA) design framework, a methodology and a set of models and tools for the user‐centered design of multichannel context‐aware Web applications. In the first phase a representative set of the application's front‐end Web pages are analyzed to abstract the ‘as‐is’ design model of the application according to the UWA methodology. In the second phase, the recovered design model is evolved to define the ‘to be’ version of it. This evolution activity considers the up‐to‐date requirements available for the application and UWA design guidelines to identify shortcomings and opportunities of improvement in the ‘as‐is’ design. The reverse modeling phase exploits clustering and clone detection techniques and is supported by the RE‐UWA tool, an Eclipse IDE customized to implement the reverse engineering process defined to extract formal UWA models expressed as instances of a MOF metamodel. The forward design phase is supported by a set of UWA modeling tools that are built on top of the Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) and the Eclipse Graphical Modeling Framework (GMF). The proposed design recovery and evolution approach is applied to four real‐world Web applications and the obtained results are also presented in the paper. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on Properties of Alumina‐Based Mould Fluxes for High‐Al Steel Slab Casting
Authors: Wu Ting , Wang Qian , He Shengping , Xu Jianfei , Long Xiao , Lu Yongjian 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDuring the continuous casting of high‐Al steel, the dynamic reduction of silica‐based mould fluxes by the aluminium in the steel leads to changes in their composition and physical properties. The alumina‐based mould flux has been suggested as an alternative to alleviate this reduction problem. However, until now, the smooth running of high‐Al steel continuous casting has been impeded by the lack of systematic investigation of properties of this slag. In this paper, the effects of typical components on the properties of alumina‐based mould fluxes are discussed. The experimental results show that: (a) an increase in F− can reduce the viscosity while increasing the melting and break temperatures; (b) with increasing Li2O, the viscosity, melting temperature, and break temperature first decrease and then increase; (c) with the addition of BaO, the viscosity, melting temperature, and break temperature remain at a low level, while a further increase in BaO causes a decrease in viscosity, an increase in melting temperature, and the stabilization of the break temperature; (d) BaO is favorable to stabilize the properties of mould fluxes for the dissolution of additional Al2O3; (e) the crystalline phases of the mould fluxes mainly contain 12CaO · 7Al2O3 and 11CaO · 7Al2O3 · CaF2, and 12CaO · 7Al2O3 has great potential as a substitute for cuspidine.
Surface Wave Based Ultrasonic Technique for Finding the Optimal Grinding Condition of High Speed Steel (HSS) Work Rolls
Authors: Palit Sagar Sarmishtha , Murthy G. V. S. , Das Tarun Kumar , Prakash Amit , Goel Uday Shankar , Venugopalan T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOver the last few years, the use of work rolls for hot rolling of flat steel has been changed from clear chill rolls to indefinite chill, then high chrome steel and now high speed tool steel (HSS). HSS rolls are highly crack‐sensitive because of its high surface hardness. The crack propagation develops within the working surface of the roll, gradually increases in depth and width followed by a large “cats‐tongue” band type spalls of the overlying barrel surface and that leads to abnormal roll failure. This paper presents the development of surface wave based ultrasonic technique to optimize the grinding procedure for having crack free roll surface.
Concise Review: Patient-Derived Olfactory Stem Cells: New Models for Brain Diseases
Authors: Mackay-Sim Alan 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Traditional models of brain diseases have had limited success in driving candidate drugs into successful clinical translation. This has resulted in large international pharmaceutical companies moving out of neuroscience research. Cells are not brains, obviously, but new patient-derived stem models have the potential to elucidate cell biological aspects of brain diseases that are not present in worm, fly, or rodent models, the work horses of disease investigations and drug discovery. Neural stem cells are present in the olfactory mucosa, the organ of smell in the nose. Patient-derived olfactory mucosa has demonstrated disease-associated differences in a variety of brain diseases and recently olfactory mucosa stem cells have been generated from patients with schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and familial dysautonomia. By comparison with cells from healthy controls, patient-derived olfactory mucosa stem cells show disease-specific alterations in gene expression and cell functions including: a shorter cell cycle and faster proliferation in schizophrenia, oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease, and altered cell migration in familial dysautonomia. Olfactory stem cell cultures thus reveal patient-control differences, even in complex genetic diseases such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease, indicating that multiple genes of small effect can converge on shared cell signaling pathways to present as a disease-specific cellular phenotype. Olfactory mucosa stem cells can be maintained in homogeneous cultures that allow robust and repeatable multiwell assays suitable for screening libraries of drug candidate molecules.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Properties of Two New ­Coordination Polymers Constructed from in situ‐generated Pyridyl‐dicarboxylic Acid Ligands
Authors: Xu Hai‐Jun , Xu Li 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTwo novel coordination polymers [Mn3(EPDA)2(H2O)8·(ENA)·(ClO4)·0.5(HClO4)·(CH3OH)·2(H2O)]n (1) and[Zn(EPDA)(H2O)]n (2) (EPDA = 5‐ethylpyridine‐2, 3‐dicarboxylic acid, ENA = 5‐ethylnicotinate acid) were synthesized and characterized by IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, PXRD, TGA, photoluminescence, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Organic EPDA2– and ENA– anions, the decomposition products of ENA‐Pmmi by removing the –Pmmi group under in situ solvothermal conditions, were obtained by performing the reactions of ENA‐Pmmi with MnII or ZnII perchlorate. In complex 1, the MnII ions were bridged by μ4‐EPDA2– anions to give a 2D positively charged layer, and the free ENA– anion and solvent molecules are filled into the gap between the layers through hydrogen bonding interactions to form a sandwich structure. In compound 2, the μ3‐EPDA2– anions bridge divalent Zn2+ ions to form a 1D chain, and the ENA– anions are not involved in stacking interactions but left in the residual solution. In addition, the ENA‐Imoi instead of ENA‐Pmmi, was selected to further investigate this reaction (ENA‐Pmmi and ENA‐Imoi are imazethapyr homologues), and the same experimental results could be obtained.
Sr2Mn2O4Se: A New Oxychalcogenide with Antiferromagnetic Chains
Authors: Free David G. , Herkelrath Sebastian J. C. , Clarke Simon J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of the brown oxide selenide Sr2Mn2O4Se are described. The compound crystallises in space group Pnma with room temperature lattice parameters a = 9.4825(1), b = 10.3356(1) and c = 6.23895(8) Å. The structure contains Mn3+ ions in highly distended MnO4Se2 octahedra with selenide ions in the axial positions. These octahedra share two of their faces with neighbouring octahedra with the result that all the manganese and oxide ions are involved in the formation of undulating $\rm^{1}_{\infty}$[MnO4/2]– chains directed along the a axis, which form corrugated chains along the c axis by sharing the selenide vertices of the octahedra. These chains are isolated from one another along the b axis. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show that the compound does not obey the Curie‐Weiss law below room temperature and there is a magnetic transition at 160(5) K associated with antiferromagnetic ordering of the Mn3+ moments. The magnetic structure measured at 5 K is described by a k = (0, 0, 0) propagation vector and nearest neighbour moments are coupled antiferromagnetically.
The Azide/Nitrate Route, a Versatile and Prolific Procedure for the Synthesis of Alkali Oxometalates
Authors: Jansen Martin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe review the Azide/Nitrate Route as an alternative access to alkali oxometalates. Along this recently discovered approach appropriate mixtures of the azide and nitrate (or nitrite) of the respective alkali metal are reacted with a binary oxide, in an all‐solid‐state reaction. The high heats of formation of the azides and nitrates involved provide a substantially increased thermodynamic driving force for the reactions intended to take place. Moreover, the insensitive‐to‐air starting materials allow to intimately mix them, e.g. by ball milling, which together with the high reactivity of the in‐situ formed alkali metal oxide significantly accelerates the kinetics. As a particular further advantage, the oxygen content of the target compound, and thus the oxidation state of the countercation, can be precisely adjusted by the azide/nitrate ratio chosen. Subsequent to a brief description of the procedures, the potential of the synthesis route is validated on three examples, (1) a new family of intrinsically doped sodium cuprates(II/III), featuring first unambiguous manifestations of a Wigner lattice and frustrated magnetic coupling, (2) several new oxocobaltates(III) with cobalt(III) in tetrahedral coordination, which used to be regarded as uncommon, displaying competing magnetic exchange interactions within or between oligomeric cobaltate anions, and (3) alkali oxometalates featuring "exotic" structural properties.
The Structural Chemistry of Quaternary Chalcogenides of the Type AMM'Q3
Authors: Koscielski Lukasz A. , Ibers James A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe rich structural chemistry of compounds of the type AMM'Q3, where A is an s‐block alkali‐ or alkaline‐earth metal, M is a d‐block transition metal, M' is another d‐block metal or an f‐block metal, and Q is a chalcogen, is discussed. We briefly consider the syntheses and physical property measurements of these compounds, but our main emphasis is on differences and trends among the seven structure types in which the 160 known, structurally characterized compounds crystallize.
On the Precarious Cusp of Genetic Medicine
Authors: Powell Anne Martin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis is the story of two brothers at the dawn of genetic medicine, the first severely disabled by cerebral palsy, the other an MD scientist who happens to uncover the genetic cause of his brother's condition. A test confirms their mother's carrier status. But what about their only sister—is she a carrier as well? The question would send the author down a path she never dreamed she would take.
Mitochondriale Erkrankungen
Authors: Horvath R. , Abicht A. 
Published: September 2012

Zusammenfassung
Mitochondriale Erkrankungen sind – wie auch die übrigen Artikel dieses Schwerpunkthefts verdeutlichen – ein weites Feld in der klinischen Genetik. Aufgrund des bunten klinischen Bildes sowohl bei Kindern als auch bei Erwachsenen ergeben sich relativ häufig Konstellationen, in denen auch eine mitochondriale Erkrankung in das differenzialdiagnostische Spektrum mit einbezogen wird. In der genetischen Beratung stellt dies eine besondere Herausforderung dar, da unter dieser Verdachtsdiagnose grundsätzlich alle Erbgänge, inklusive einer maternalen Vererbung, möglich sind und gleichzeitig eine zielgerichtete Diagnostik zum molekulargenetischen Beleg oder auch Ausschluss der Diagnose durch die außerordentliche genetische Heterogenität erschwert ist. Im Folgenden erläutern wir ein rationales Vorgehen in der molekulargenetischen Diagnostik und besondere Aspekte der genetischen Beratung.
Advancing Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, treatment, and care: Recommendations from the Ware Invitational Summit
Authors: Naylor Mary D. , Karlawish Jason H. , Arnold Steven E. , Khachaturian Ara S. , Khachaturian Zaven S. , Lee Virginia M.‐Y. , Baumgart Matthew , Banerjee Sube , Beck Cornelia , Blennow Kaj , Brookmeyer Ron , Brunden Kurt R. , Buckwalter Kathleen C. , Comer Meryl , Covinsky Kenneth , Feinberg Lynn Friss , Frisoni Giovanni , Green Colin , Guimaraes Renato Maia , Gwyther Lisa P. , Hefti Franz F. , Hutton Michael , Kawas Claudia , Kent David M. , Kuller Lewis , Langa Kenneth M. , Mahley Robert W. , Maslow Katie , Masters Colin L. , Meier Diane E. , Neumann Peter J. , Paul Steven M. , Petersen Ronald C. , Sager Mark A. , Sano Mary , Schenk Dale , Soares Holly , Sperling Reisa A. , Stahl Sidney M. , van Deerlin Vivianna , Stern Yaakov , Weir David , Wolk David A. , Trojanowski John Q. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTo address the pending public health crisis due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related neurodegenerative disorders, the Marian S. Ware Alzheimer Program at the University of Pennsylvania held a meeting entitled “State of the Science Conference on the Advancement of Alzheimer's Diagnosis, Treatment and Care,” on June 21‐22, 2012. The meeting comprised four workgroups focusing on Biomarkers; Clinical Care and Health Services Research; Drug Development; and Health Economics, Policy, and Ethics. The workgroups shared, discussed, and compiled an integrated set of priorities, recommendations, and action plans, which are presented in this article.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Poststroke Falls After Discharge From Inpatient Rehabilitation
Authors: Lim Jong Youb , Jung Se Hee , Kim Won‐Seok , Paik Nam‐Jong 
Published: September 2012

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of falls and risk factors for falls in persons who had a stroke.DesignTelephone survey.SettingTertiary university hospital.Patients and MethodsPatients who had a stroke and were admitted to the rehabilitation unit between April 2006 and July 2008 were listed and contacted by telephone from February 2009 to August 2009.Main Outcome MeasurementsInformation obtained from the interviews, which were performed 20 ± 8 months after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation, included demographic data, information about falls, and current ambulatory function. After the telephone interview, medical records of participants during admission were reviewed.ResultsOf the 404 enrolled patients, 330 were included in the analysis. Of the 330 patients, 62 (19%) had a history of a fall after stroke onset. Of 222 ambulatory patients, 51 patients (23%) fell. Falls frequently occurred in winter, and most falls occurred indoors (70%). Twenty‐nine percent of patients experienced repeated falls. About half of those who fell were injured, and 11% sustained fractures. Patients who had a stroke and had severe deficits showed a lower probability of poststroke falls. In a subgroup analysis of patients with ambulatory capacity, left‐sided hemiplegia/hemiparesis was associated with an increased risk of falls.ConclusionsThis study reveals a high incidence of poststroke falls after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. More caution should be taken for patients with ambulatory ability and left hemiplegia/hemiparesis because they are more vulnerable to falls after a stroke. An increased prevalence of fear of falling in people who fell suggests that an appropriate intervention to reduce fear of falling should be provided to patients who have had a stroke.
ON LOCALLY DEFINED FORMATIONS OF SOLUBLE LIE AND LEIBNIZ ALGEBRAS
Authors: BARNES DONALD W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIt is well known that all saturated formations of finite soluble groups are locally defined and, except for the trivial formation, have many different local definitions. I show that for Lie and Leibniz algebras over a field of characteristic 0, the formations of all nilpotent algebras and of all soluble algebras are the only locally defined formations and the latter has many local definitions. Over a field of nonzero characteristic, a saturated formation of soluble Lie algebras has at most one local definition, but a locally defined saturated formation of soluble Leibniz algebras other than that of nilpotent algebras has more than one local definition.
NEW REDUCTIONS AND LOGARITHMIC LOWER BOUNDS FOR THE NUMBER OF CONJUGACY CLASSES IN FINITE GROUPS
Authors: BERTRAM EDWARD A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe unsolved problem of whether there exists a positive constant $c$ such that the number $k(G)$ of conjugacy classes in any finite group $G$ satisfies $k(G) \geq c \log _{2}|G|$ has attracted attention for many years. Deriving bounds on $k(G)$ from (that is, reducing the problem to) lower bounds on $k(N)$ and $k(G/N)$, $N\trianglelefteq G$, plays a critical role. Recently Keller proved the best lower bound known for solvable groups: \[ k(G)\gt c_{0} \frac {\log _{2}|G|} {\log _{2} \log _{2} |G|}\quad (|G|\geq 4) \] using such a reduction. We show that there are many reductions using $k(G/N) \geq \beta [G : N]^{\alpha }$ or $k(G/N) \geq \beta (\log [G : N])^{t}$ which, together with other information about $G$ and $N$ or $k(N)$, yield a logarithmic lower bound on $k(G)$.
A meta-analysis of host specificity in Neotropical hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Nava S. , Guglielmone A.A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHost specificity of Neotropical hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) was analyzed by using the number of hosts species for each tick species and the index of host specificity STD*, which integrates phylogenetic and ecological information. The analyses were based on 4172 records of hard ticks collected from wild and domestic tetrapods. Most tick species included in this study were associated with three to 20 host species. No tick species has been associated either with a single species or with a single genus of host. It was found that the number of host species is sensitive to sampling effort, but not the STD*. The most frequent values of STD* were between 2.5 and 3.5, which shows that the host species more frequently used by Neotropical hard tick species belong to different families or different orders. Immature stages tend to use a broader taxonomic range of hosts than adults, and the interpretation of both measures of host specificity used in this study led to the conclusion that the impact of non-endemic hosts does not alter the patterns of host specificity in Neotropical hard ticks. The index STD* showed that a high proportion of tick species has phylogenetically unrelated species as principal hosts. The conclusion reached in this work indicates that strict host specificity is not common among Neotropical hard ticks and suggests that the influence of tick ecology and evolution of habitat specificity, tick generation time, phenology, time spent off the host and the type of life-cycle could be more important than hosts species.
Classification of irreducible Harish-Chandra modules over generalized Virasoro algebras
Authors: Guo Xiangqian , Lu Rencai , Zhao Kaiming 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLet G be an arbitrary non-zero additive subgroup of the complex number field ℂ, and let Vir[G] be the corresponding generalized Virasoro algebra over ℂ. In this paper we determine all irreducible weight modules with finite-dimensional weight spaces over Vir[G]. The classification strongly depends on the index group G. If G does not have a direct summand isomorphic to ℤ (the integers), then such irreducible modules over Vir[G] are only modules of intermediate series whose weight spaces are all one dimensional. Otherwise, there is one further class of modules that are constructed by using intermediate series modules over a generalized Virasoro subalgebra Vir[G0] of Vir[G] for a direct summand G0 of G with G = G0 ⊕ ℤb, where b ∈ G \ G0. This class of irreducible weight modules do not have corresponding weight modules for the classical Virasoro algebra.