bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Butyltins in Sea Water by Gas Chromatography with Flame Photometric Detection
Authors: Lu Te‐Chang , Whang Chen‐Wen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUse of a gas chromatograph with a flame‐photometric detector (GC‐FPD) is described to determine butyltin compounds in sea water. The butyltins in an acidified water sample (pH 3.0) are first complexed with tropolone, followed by solid‐phase extraction (SPE) with a tropolone‐treated C18 cartridge. HCI at a small concentration is then added to the concentrated SPE eluate before GC analysis. This procedure is simple and off‐column derivatization of analytes is not required. The organotins, viz. mono‐, di‐ and tributyltin, are separated as their respective chlorides on a capillary column (HP‐1) and are detected with a flame‐photometric detector and an interference filter at 610 nm. Recoveries of the three butyltin species are quantitative (> 90%). Based on a sea water sample 200‐mL, the detection limits for mono‐, di‐ and tributyltin are 6,4 and 3 ng tin L−1, respectively. This method is applied to analysis of trace butyltins in various samples of sea water.
A Mild and Efficient Method for Selective Acetylation of Amines
Authors: Yang Shyh‐Chyun , Wang Huey‐Min , Chen Ling‐Ching 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPrimary and secondary amines were acetylated under mild conditions by means of 3‐acetyl‐1,3‐thiazolidine‐2‐thione [ATT(1)]. The reaction was successfully applied to selective acetylation of a primary amino group of diamines containing a primary and a secondary amino groups or exclusive N‐acetylation of amino alcohols.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Tetrahydrocarbazoles
Authors: Wang Huey‐Min , Chou Hui‐Ling , Chen Ling‐Ching 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of tetrahydrocarbazoles from bromoenaminones derived from β‐diketones is described. The reaction proceeds by intramolecular cyclization of bromoenaminones involving arylpalladium complexes.
Nucleophilic Solvent Intervention in Benzylic Solvolyses. The Use of YBnx Scales in Grunwald‐Winstein Type Correlation Analysis
Authors: Liu Kwang‐Ting 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNew YBnX scales of solvent ionizing power are developed and considered superior to Yx scales for benzylic bromides, chlorides, p‐nitrobenzoates and tosylates in Grunwald‐Winstein type correlation analysis of solvolytic reactivities. The YBnX values, with addition and revision, are summarized. Evidence for nucleophilic solvent intervention in the solvolysis transition state for secondary and tertiary benzylic substrates is given. The advantages of employing this tool to understand solvolysis mechanisms are discussed.
Medicinal Chemical Studies of Anti‐Inflammatory and Analgesic Natural Products
Authors: Shen Tsung‐Ying 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFollowing the discovery of salicylates and its conversion to aspirin, natural products research has provided many promising leads for further modification as anti‐inflammatory and analgesic agents. Recent studies have focused on biosynthesis inhibitors of eicosanoids and receptor antagonists of the platelet activating factor, including a new class of dual functional inhibitors derived from neolignans. The highly potent analgesic alkaloid epibatidine from the frog skin has been synthesized and recharacterized as a very strong acetylcholine nicotinic receptor agonist. Some novel epibatidine analogs have shown promise as potential CNS drugs and research probes for clarifying the anti‐addictive property of the African alkaloid ibogaine.
Syntheses of Chiral Acyclic Natural Products from Sugar
Authors: Li Jin‐Cui , Li Yun‐Long , Peng Zhi‐Hui , Sun Xiao‐Ling , Wang Yan‐Fang , Wu Wen‐Lian , Wu Yu‐Lin , Yao Zhu‐Jun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe syntheses of several biologically interesting acyclic natural products such as LTA, 1, LTB4 8, mosquito oviposition attractant pheromone 46 and cytotoxic annonaceous acetogenin corossolone 57 and corossoline 58 from sugars in our laboratory are reviewed.
Transition Metal Cation Salts in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Chuang Chong‐Nan , Chuang Li‐Wen , Yeh Ming‐Chang P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractReaction of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) with (η4‐1,3‐cyclohexadiene)Fe(CO)3 complexes bearing functionalized side chains at C‐5, under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide, gives bridged bicyclo[3,2,1]octene and bicyclo[3,3,1]nonene systems after electrophilic quenching. Under the same reaction conditions, intramolecular cyclization of acyclic (η4‐ 1,3‐butadiene)Fe(CO)3 complexes with functionalized side chains at the terminal position of the diene ligands furnishes fused bicyclo[3.3,0]octanone and bicyclo[4.3.0]nonanone derivatives after acid quenching. The addition of a variety of the highly functionalized zinc‐copper reagents RCu(CN)ZnI to the (η7‐cycloheptatrienyl)Cr(CO) gives (η6‐cyclohepta‐1,3,5‐triene)Cr(CO)3 complexes with a functionalized side‐chain at the C‐7 position of the ring. Intramolecular cyclization of ester‐subsbtuted adducts using lithium diisopropylamide generates fused bicyclo[5.3.0]decane and bicyclo[5.4.0]undecane derivatives. The addition of a variety of the highly functionalized zinc‐copper reagents RCu(CN)Znl to the (η4‐cyclohexa‐1,3‐diene)Mo(CO)2(Cp) at the terminus of the coordinated diene ligand gives [Mo(π‐allyl)(CO)2(Cp)](Cp = cyclopentadienyl) complexes with the functionalized side‐chain at the C‐4 position of the ring. Intramolecular cyclization of the (π‐allyl)molybdenum complex containing a pendant propanoic acid unit generates the δ‐lactone derivative.
Biologically Active Metabolites from Marine Organisms
Authors: Su Jingyu , Zeng Longmei , Zhong Yongli , Fu Xiong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe authors' chemical studies on the secondary metabolites from marine organisms are summarized. From marine sponges, algae and soft corals grown in the South China Sea, thirty five compounds were isolated. Their structures were elucidated mainly on the basis of spectral evidence. The biological activities of dysamides, 1–6, stelletin 21 and lactone 23 are reported.
Synthesis and Reactions of Enediynes and Enyne‐Allenes
Authors: Wang Kung K. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe thermal cycloaromatization reactions of (Z)‐3‐hexene‐1,5‐diynes (enediynes) and (Z)‐1,2,4‐heptatrien‐6‐ynes (enyne‐allenes) provide easy entries to a variety of carbon biradicals. Several new synthetic routes to these highly unsaturated compounds were developed by using multifunctional reagents properly substituted with combinations of boron, silicon, and tin appendages. Condensation of γ‐(trialkylsilyl)allenylboranes 1 and 2 with conjugated acetylenic and allenic aldehydes followed by the elimination step of the Peterson olefination reaction furnished enediynes and enyne‐allenes with high geometric purity. Convenient procedures for the synthesis of enediynes and enyne‐allenes were also developed by using alkenylboronic ester 28 and the trimethyltin‐substituted alkenylboranes 34 for cross‐coupling reactions. On heating, acyclic enyne‐allene 22 underwent a sequence of intramolecular transformations through biradical intermediates to form 26, providing a new example of a one‐step 0 → ABCD ring construction of the tetracyclic‐steroidal skeleton.
Constituents of Antrodia Cinnamomea
Authors: Wu De‐Peng , Chiang Hung‐Cheh 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe describe identification of seven components from Antrodia cinnamomea. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis and comparison with authentic samples. These compounds include two steroids (1, 2) (β‐sitosterol and eburicol), two new steroids (3, 4) [methyl‐4α‐methylergost‐8,24(28)‐dien‐3,7,11‐trion‐26‐oate and methyl‐4α‐methylergost‐8,24(28)‐dien‐3,11‐dion‐26‐oate], two lignans (5, 6) [(+)‐sesamin and 4‐hydroxysesamin], and one long chain methyl ester (7) (methyl oleate). Among them, compounds 3 and 4 are first isolated from nature.
Synthesis and in Vitro Evaluation of New Cephalosporins Exhibiting Antimicrobial Activity against Gram‐Positive Bacteria, in Particular Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococci
Authors: Lin Ho‐Shen , Rampersaud Ashraff A. , Flokowitsch Jane E. , Alborn William E. , Wu Ernie C. Y. , Preston David A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe preparation and biological evaluation of 7β‐[[2‐(phenyl)thiazol‐4‐yl]acetamido]cephalosporins and 7β‐[[(2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)thiazol‐4‐yl]acetamido]cephalosporins, 9a‐o, substituted at the 3‐position with acetyloxymethyl, chlorine, hydrogen, and methyl are described. Hantzsch's thiazole synthesis is employed to provide thiazoleacetic acids 5a‐e, subsequently followed by Morpho CDI‐assisted amidation to complete the synthesis of target cephalosporins 9a‐o. These compounds display activity selectively against Gram‐positive bacteria, but are inactive against most Gram‐negative bacteria tested. Those with acetyloxymethyl at the 3‐position, i.e., 9a, 9e, 9i, 9m, and 90, exhibit activity with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 16 (μg/mL or lower against four strains of methicillin‐resistant staphylococci, namely Staphylococcus aureus X400 and S13E and Staphylococcus epidermidis 270 and 222. Notably, 9a displays an activity profile similar to that of vancomycin regarding its spectrum and potency.
Synthesis and Characterization of ASnOAsO4(A = K and Rb)
Authors: Lin Kuan‐Jiuh , Lin Hong‐Cheu , Lii Kwang‐Hwa 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCrystals of two alkali‐metal tin(IV) arsenates, KSnOAsO4 and RbSnOAsO4, were grown from a flux and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Crystal data: RSnOAsO4, orthorhombic, Pna21 (No. 33), a = 13.406(3) Å, b = 6.678(1) Å, c = 10.921(2) Å, Z = 8, R = 0.037 for 1173 independent reflections with I > 2.5ó(l); RbSnOAsO4, as above except a = 13.567(3) Å, b = 6.791( 1) Å, c = 10.891(2) Å, R = 0.035 for 1958 independent reflections. The two compounds are isostructural with the nonlinear optical material KTiOPO4. The oxygen frameworks of both tin compounds approximate closely to a centrosymmetric arrangement, as indicated from the analysis of atomic coordinates. Second harmonics were generated in powdered RbSnOAsO4 to confirm the absence of a center of symmetry in the structure.
Direct Measurement of Enantiomeric Excess of Synthetic Tert‐Leucine with a Chiral‐Ligand‐Exchange Chromatography
Authors: Wang Shwu‐Huey , Kao Hsin‐Yi , Chen Shui‐Tein , Wang Kung‐Tsung 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRacemic tert‐leucine can be completely resolved by ligand exchange chromatography (LEC) using a Chiralpak WH column. The retention time of the tert‐leucine was decreased by increasing concentration of Cu2+, or decreasing pH of the eluent whereas it was unaffected by varying the temperature of eluent. Optimal conditions for complete separation of the D.L‐tert‐leucine were found to be (Cu2+, 5.0 mM, pH 5.5, 25 °C). The enantiomeric excess of synthetic tert‐leucine, a chiral auxiliary reagent, was determined.
A Practical Route to Chiral Phenylalanine via the Condensation of Keto Acids with Amides and Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Chau Tay‐Yuan , Tsui Jian‐Hou , Lin Chi‐Ching , Chan A. S. C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe condensation of β‐phenylpyruvic acid with amides gave olefinic intermediates in good yields (75‐80%). The asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation of α‐acetamidocinnamic acid with high enantioselectivity is described.
The Bonding Nature of the Canonical Molecular Orbitals in Simple Diatomic Molecules
Authors: Chang Tse‐Chiang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe bonding nature of the canonical molecular orbitals 2σg, 2σu and 3σg in the molecules N2,O2, F2 and the related analogous molecular orbitals in the molecules P2 and CO, is analysed using Weinhold's natural bond orbital set. When the canonical molecular orbitals can be well localized into natural bond orbitals, the covalent bond can be completely attributed to the bonding type natural bond orbitals. The decomposition of canonical molecular orbitals into the natural bond orbital basis then gives the weighted bond order as the component of the bonding portion in the canonical molecular orbital. The weighted bond order results match the photoelectron spectroscopy assignment quite satisfactorily.
Ligand Exchange Gas Chromatography on PTFE Open Tubular Columns
Authors: Chyueh S. D. , Liu C. Y. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo kinds of capillary columns were prepared and tested as the stationary phases of ligand exchange gas chromatographic separation of dialkyl sulfides. The PTFE column wall‐coated with silane‐DTC‐Cu but without the addition of silicone exhibits significantly better selectivity towards dialkyl sulfides than a column wall‐coated with 10% silane‐DTC‐Cu in silicone. With the first column connected to a microsample injection valve and a microsample loop, the quantitative determination of dialkyl sulfides can be performed. The column also shows great promise for the separation of dialkyl sulfide‐hydrocarbon mixtures.
Diazotization of Methyl 3‐Amino‐7‐Isopropyl‐2‐Methoxyazulene‐1‐Carboxylate and its 5‐Isopropyl Isomer‐ a Convenient Synthesis of 1,2‐Azulenequinone Derivatives
Authors: Huang Tian‐Chyuan , Lin Yun‐Shan , Lin Shih‐Jue , Chu Shu‐Fan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMethyl 3‐amino‐2‐methoxy‐7‐isopropylazulene‐l‐carboxylate(8a) and its 5‐isopropyl isomer (8b) were synthesized by reduction of the 3‐nitro derivatives (7a,b) with zinc/acetic acid in excellent yields. 7a and 7b were prepared by nitration and methylation of methyl 7‐isopropyl‐2‐hydroxyazulene‐l‐carboxylate (5a) and methyl 5‐isopropyl‐2‐hydroxyazulene‐l‐carboxylate (5b), respectively. Diazotization of 8a with sodium nitrite in trifluoroacetic acid at 0 °C gave methyl 5‐isopropyl‐1,2‐azulenequinone‐3‐carboxylate (9a) in 91% yield. Similar reaction of 8b gave the corresponding methyl 7‐isopropyl‐1,2‐azulenequinone‐3‐carboxylate (9b) in 93% yield. No evidence for the formation of l‐diazo‐1,2‐azulenequinones was obtained.
The Enantioresolution of n‐Benzoyl and Its Analogs Derivatized Amino Acids on Cyclodextrin Bonded Chiral Stationary Phases Using a Nonaqueous Acetonitrile‐Based Mobile Phase
Authors: Chen Shushi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe separation of amino acids into enantiomers while derivatizing with benzoyl chlorides is demonstrated. It was found that enantioselectivity among these reagents tagging with the same amino acid is quite different and is very sensitive to its structural variations. A noninclusion complexation mechanism i.e. external association is thought to involve in the separation carried out with a nonaqueous polar organic mobile phase. Results also indicate that the chiral recognition seems to be controlled either by moieties from tagging reagents or functional groups on all amino acids examined in this study on the basis of competition. The polarity of side‐chain group on peptide backbone can not be ignored in achieving a successful separation. Furthermore, chiral recognition appears to closely rely upon the location of stereogenic center that is simultaneously attached by amino and carboxyl groups. Finally, mechanism involved will be explored structurally with these tagging reagents derivatized amino acids which structures are highly ordered and amine‐containing compounds with structures similar to that of amino acid.
Engineering of Cardiotoxin by Chemical Synthesis: (I) Rapid Synthesis of Fully Active Cardiotoxin II and IV of Taiwan Cobra Venom
Authors: Wu Chi‐Yue , Chen Shui‐Tein , Ho Chewn‐Lane , Wang Kuns‐Tsuns 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo 60‐residue snake toxins with four disulfide bridges, cardiotoxin II and IV, of Taiwan cobra (Naja naja atra) have been rapidly prepared in overall yields of 3.9% (cardiotoxin II) and 3.7% (cardiotoxin IV) within three weeks using the chemical method. Physicochemical characterization of these synthetic cardiotoxins was carried out by amino acid analysis, mass spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis, peptide mapping, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and lethal toxicity. As compared with natural cardiotoxins, the results indicated that the synthetic cardiotoxins possessed the same physicochemical properties as those of natural ones. Therefore, in addition to preparation of various important toxins with satisfactory quantities for biochemical and pharmacological studies within a short lime, this rapid method also provides an important route to obtain many interesting toxins and designed toxin analogues for structure/function relationship studies in the near further.
Tannins from Betel Nuts
Authors: Ma Ying‐Tsun , Hsu Feng‐Lin , Lan Shu‐Jan J. , Chen Chieh‐Fu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFrom the acetone extract of fresh‐betel nuts, two procyanidin pentamers, two procyanidin tetramers and three procyanidin trimers, along with (+)‐catechin, (‐)‐epicatechin, procyanidin A‐l, procyanidin B‐l, procyanidin B‐2, and procyanidin B‐7 were isolated. Based on 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data as well as the results of thiolysis degradation, the chemical structures of two series of oligomeric arecatannins A and B have been established. The arecatannins from betel nuts were found to be condensed‐type tannins which possess (‐)‐epicatechin unit and (+)‐catechin units. All arecatannins had C4‐C8 linked (‐)‐epicatechin in the upper units whereas the (+)‐catechin in the terminal unit had C4‐C8 or C4‐C6 linkage.
Synthesis of Novel Tetraacetal Oxa‐Cage Compounds from 2‐Methylthiofurans
Authors: Lin Chu‐Chung , Huang Fang‐Jung , Lin June‐Chieh , Wu Hsien‐Jen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSeveral novel tetraacetal oxa‐cage compounds 9a‐9f were synthesized from the corresponding 2‐methylthiofurans la‐lf by a short sequence. The structures of these tetraoxa‐cage compounds were deduced from their spectral data and proven by X‐ray analysis of 9a. Ozonolysis of the endo adducts 5a‐5f in CH2C12 at −78 °C followed by reduction with dimethyl sulfide gave the tetraoxa‐cages 9a‐9f in 65‐75% yields, respectively. Ozonolysis of the exo adduct 6a under the same reaction conditions gave the tetracarbonyl compound 10. The phenylthio group substituted tetraoxa‐cage 13 and the tetraacetal oxa‐cage 17, with one more carbon atom on the apex position, were also synthesized in a similar sequence.
Synthesis of Novel Triacetal Trioxa‐Cage Compounds by Ozonolysis of Bicyclo[2.2.1]Heptenes and Bicyclo[2.2.2]Octenes
Authors: Wu Chung‐Yi , Lin Chu‐Chung , Lai Ming‐Cheng , Wu Hsien‐Jen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSeveral novel triacetal trioxa‐cage compounds 11a‐11g, 13, 15, 17 and 19 are synthesized in a short sequence. Ozonolysis of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptenes 4a‐4c, 8a‐8c, 10a, 10b and 14 in dichloromethane at −78 °C followed by reduction with dimethyl sulfide gave triacetal oxa‐cages 11a‐11g, 13 and 15 in moderate yields, respectively. Ozonolysis of bicyclo[2.2.2]octenes 16 and 18 under the same reaction conditions gave triacetal oxa‐cages 17 and 19 in moderate yields, respectively.
Synthesis of Tetraacetal Tetraoxa‐Cage Compounds with Alkyl Substituents at Different Sites of the Oxa‐Cage Skeleton
Authors: Lin Rong‐Liang , Wu Chung‐Yi , Chem Jyh‐Haur , Wu Hsien‐Jen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTetraacetal tetraoxa‐cage compounds 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 7, 13,14, and 15 were synthesized by a short sequence. They were obtained from ozonolysis of endo adducts la, lb, 2a, 2b, and 6 in dichloromethane at −78 °C followed by reduction with dimethyl sulfide. Ozonolysis of 7‐anti‐trimethylsilyl‐5,6‐bis‐endo‐diacetylnorbornene 8 under the same reaction conditions did not give the tetraoxa‐cage 9. The methylsulfinyl oxa‐cage 13 derived from l‐methylthio‐5,6‐bis‐endo‐diacetylnorbornene 11 was converted to compounds 14 and 15.
Synthesis of Thermally Stable MCM‐41 at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Lin Hong Ping , Cheng Soofin , Mou Chung‐Yuan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA new process to synthesize thermally stable mesoporous molecular sieves of MCM‐41 structure based on delayed neutralization at ambient temperature was investigated. All samples synthesized by this new method have BET surface areas of about 1100m2/g and possess high thermal stability up to 900°C. Higher crystallinity and less lattice constriction after calcination were observed for samples with a longer aging period. Those samples with aging time longer than 10 days exhibited four characteristic XRD peaks of MCM‐41 both before and after calcination at 560°C. The N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherms of the calcined samples showed larger average pore size and more homogenous pore size distribution. The method was also successfully applied to the synthesis of MCM‐41 with different surfactants of hydrocarbon length with 10–18 carbons and proves to be a simple route for obtaining thermally stable MCM‐41 at room temperature.
Absorption and Flourescence of a Rigidly‐Bridged Donor‐Acceptor Molecule in Langmuir‐Blodgett Mixed Films
Authors: Amire Olasoji A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThermodynamic analysis of the pressure‐area isotherms, of solutions of rigidly‐bridged donor‐acceptor molecule, D(10)A, in arachidic acid, indicates that the solutions behave ideally at low concentrations. The surface area per molecule at high dilutions (mf ≤ 0.02) approximates to 27 Å2 from which it is evident that the long axis of the D(10)A molecule is oriented vertically, and the short axis of the 1,4‐dimethoxynaphthalene moiety parallel to the monolayer surface at 25 mN m−1 surface pressure Evidence from electronic absorption, static and time‐resolved fluorescence spectra led us to conclude that D(10)A molecules form ground‐state dimers, intermolecular excimers with very short lifetimes which do not photodimerize in Langmuir‐Blodgett films, and give long‐Jived (τ3 ≈ 29±3ns) charge‐transfer emissions at 440 nm.
Synthesis of 3,5,7‐Trioxapentacyclo[7.2.1.02,8.04,11.06,10]dodecane. A Novel Diacetal Trioxa‐Cage
Authors: Tsai Shih‐Hwa , Wu Hsien‐Jen , Chung Wen‐Sheng 
Published: May 2015

Abstract3,5,7‐Trioxapentacyclo[7.2.1.02,8.04,11.06,10]dodecane, the parent compound of novel diacetal trioxa‐cages, was synthesized from maleic anhydride cyclopentadiene adduct 1 by a four‐step sequence. Attempts for the synthesis of monoaza dioxa‐cage 12 failed. Ozonolysis of compound 9 in CH2Cl2‐EtOH(1:1) at −78°C followed by reduction with Me2S gave 13 in 65% yield.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors
Authors: Shen Pei‐Ming , Shiao Ming‐Shi , Chung Huey‐Ru , Lee Kuan‐Rong , Chao Yu‐Sheng , Hunt Vincent M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractReversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) was used as a tool to explore the retention behavior and separation of four 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase inhibitors, namely compactin, lovastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin in their hydroxy acid and lactone forms. The contribution of C‐6 and C‐2′ methyl groups and lactonization to the molecular hydrophobicity among these four structurally related HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors were elucidated. Eight components (four lactones and four hydroxy acids) could be resolved by RP‐HPLC with isocratic elution. In a binary mobile phase system of acetonitrile‐water containing 0.5% acetic acid, the free hydroxy acids and corresponding lactone forms remained intact and were completely separated. This study demonstrated that RP‐HPLC is suitable for simultaneous determination of active and prodrug forms of these HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors.
Cuprate‐catalyzed Three‐Component Couplings of Functionalized Organozinc Reagents
Authors: Lipshutz Bruce H. , Gross Tim , Buzard Daniel J. , Tirado Raymond 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOrganozinc reagents FG‐(CH2)nZnX containing electrophilic centers (FG) upon conversion to their corresponding zincates (FG‐(CH2)nZnMe2Li) and in the presence of 5–8 mol % MeCu(CN)Li, undergo 1,4‐additions to cyclic conjugated enones. The intermediate zinc enolates can be trapped with aldehydes to afford products of three‐component couplings.