bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin in reproductive control
Authors: Garcia-Galiano David , Allen Susan J. , Elias Carol F. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Achievement of sexual maturation and maintenance of fertility in adulthood are functions that are sensitive to the metabolic status of the organism, particularly the magnitude of fat reserves. In this sense, the adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin, plays a major role in linking metabolic cues and the control of multiple neuroendocrine axes. The hypothalamus is a key site mediating leptin actions, including those involved in the modulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads (HPG) axis at different stages of development and in different environmental conditions. In the present review, we provide an update of the role of leptin in reproduction and discuss its interactions with neurons, neurotransmitters and downstream targets of the reproductive axis, with a special emphasis on the actions of leptin in the central nervous system. We hope this review will contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms whereby metabolic signals, especially leptin, influence the reproductive neuroendocrine axis modulating its activity in different nutritional states. Special attention will be given to recent advances in the identification of key hypothalamic sites and signaling pathways relevant to leptin’s action in reproductive control.
Prediction of High Temperature Flow Stress of Alloy 2618-Ti during Hot Deformation
Authors: Liu Ya , Li Jing , Song Yuanfeng , Li Tao , Su Xuping , Wang Jianhua 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn order to find material parameters of established Zener-Hollomon constitutive equations and predict high-temperature flow stress of alloy 2618-Ti, the hot compressive deformation behaviors of the alloy were investigated at temperatures ranging from 300 to 500 °C at intervals of 50 °C and at constant strain rates of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 s
Separation of ZnO from the Stainless Steelmaking Dust and Graphite Mixture by Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Zhou Yun , Wu Liushun , Wang Jue , Wang Haichuan , Dong Yuanchi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this study, microwave was used to treat stainless steelmaking dust containing zinc oxide. The effects of heating time, carbon content and zinc oxide content on the removal efficiency of zinc oxide and the reduction efficiency of iron oxide were investigated. Experimental results show that, for the sample with 16% (mass percent, the same below) graphite heated for 10 minutes by 10 kW power microwave, the removal efficiency of zinc oxide is between 80% and 90% and the metallization ratio of iron oxide is between 40% and 60%; Initial zinc oxide content has a slight effect on the removal efficiency of zinc oxide. The results indicate microwave treatment is one of the feasible ways to process metallurgical solid waste containing the metal with low boiling point.
Intergenerational Relations and the Family Home
Authors: Kreiczer-Levy Shelly 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This article examines the issue of intergenerational cohabitation in the family home. Its primary purpose is to demonstrate that current analysis of internal conflicts in the home is lacking, both in terms of identifying the parties’ interests and characterizing the tensions involved. It focuses on a specific three-way conflict between two parents and their adult child and identifies each of their points of view: one parent who wants the adult child to move out, one parent who wants to continue to share her home with the adult child, and the adult child who wants to remain in the home.
The article builds on rich multidisciplinary literature on the meaning of the home. This focus sheds new light on the conflict in two significant manners. First, the disagreement between the parents is characterized as a struggle between two conflicting visions of the home. Each of these visions reflects a different perception of the home, the family, and intergenerational commitments. Second, the focus on the home allows lawyers to acknowledge the position of the adult child, whose interest is completely not sufficiently taken into account in the conventional analysis.
Experimental study of cadmium bioaccumulation in three Mediterranean marine bivalve species: correlation with selected biomarkers
Authors: Chalkiadaki Olga , Dassenakis Manos , Paraskevopoulou Vasiliki , Lydakis-Simantiris Nikos 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAn ecotoxicological study is presented, in which three marine bivalve species (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Callista chione, and Venus verrucosa) living in different habitats were studied for Cd bioaccumulation, under laboratory conditions. The bivalves, originating from a relatively polluted marine area of Greece (Saronicos Gulf), were exposed to 0.5 mg Cd L–1 seawater (4.4 μmol Cd L–1 seawater) for 5, 10, 15, and 20 days. Control animals were kept in metal-free seawater as well. Three or four different parts of the organisms (gills, mantle, body, digestive system) were examined for the bioaccumulation of Cd, as well as the levels of three biomarkers (metallothioneins, acetylcholinesterase, lipid peroxidation). A depuration experiment was also carried out. During the experiment, the initial levels of Cd in the control animal tissues either decreased or remained constant and low. The organisms exhibited different behavior regarding Cd bioconcentration and biomarker responses as well as tissue distribution of Cd. After the depuration period, significant amounts of Cd remained in the organisms’ tissues, much higher than the respective levels in control animals.
Quasi-two-layer finite-volume scheme for modelling shallow water flows over an arbitrary bed in the presence of external force. II. Algorithm applications and numerical results
Authors: Karelsky Kirill V. , Petrosyan Arakel S. , Slavin Alexander G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA finite-volume numerical method for studying shallow water flows over an arbitrary bed profile in the presence of external force has been proposed in [33]. This method uses the quasi-two-layer model of hydrodynamic flows over a stepwise boundary with advanced consideration of the flow features near the step. A distinctive feature of the suggested model is a separation of the studied flow into two layers in calculating the flow quantities near each step, and improving by this means the approximation of depth-averaged solutions of the initial three-dimensional Euler equations. We are solving the shallow-water equations for one layer, introducing the fictitious lower layer only as an auxiliary structure in setting up the appropriate Riemann problems for the upper layer. Besides, the quasi-two-layer approach leads to the appearance of additional terms in the one-layer finite-difference representation of balance equations. Numerical simulations are performed based on the proposed in [33] algorithm of various physical phenomena, such as breakdown of the rectangular fluid column over an inclined plane, large-scale motion of fluid in the gravity field in the presence of Coriolis force over amounted obstacle on the underlying surface. Computations are made for the two-dimensional dam-break problem on a slope precisely conform to laboratory experiments. The interaction of the Tsunami wave with the shore line including an obstacle has been simulated to demonstrate the efficiency of the developed algorithm in domains, including partly flooded and dry regions.
Stochastic orderings with respect to a capacity and an application to a financial optimization problem
Authors: Grigorova Miryana 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
By analogy with the classical case of a probability measure, we
extend the notion of increasing convex (concave) stochastic
dominance relation to the case of a normalized monotone (but not
necessarily additive) set function also called a capacity. We give
different characterizations of this relation establishing a link
to the notions of distribution function and quantile function with
respect to the given capacity. The Choquet integral is
extensively used as a tool. In the second part of the paper, we
give an application to a financial optimization problem whose
constraints are expressed by means of the increasing convex
stochastic dominance relation with respect to a capacity. The
problem is solved by using, among other tools, a result
established in our previous work, namely a new version of the
classical upper (resp. lower) Hardy–Littlewood's inequality
generalized to the case of a continuous from below concave
(resp. convex) capacity. The value function of the optimization
problem is interpreted in terms of risk measures (or premium
principles).
Multisensorisches Messsystem zur dreidimensionalen Inspektion technischer Oberflächen
Authors: Keck Alexander , Böhm Michael , Knierim Karl Lukas , Sawodny Oliver , Gronle Marc , Lyda Wolfram , Osten Wolfgang 
Published: May 2014

Zusammenfassung
Um die Fertigungsqualität mechanischer Bauteile aus Kleinserienproduktionen sicherzustellen werden flexible Inspektionssysteme benötigt. Zur Erfüllung dieser Anforderungen wird in diesem Beitrag eine multiskalige Inspektionsstrategie und deren Implementierung an einem Demonstrator vorgestellt. Dieser besteht aus mehreren optischen Sensoren sowie einem Aktoriksystem, das mithilfe einer angepassten Messablaufsteuerung und Regelung zur Inspektion von Unvollkommenheiten an kleinen Bauteilen wie Zahnrädern eingesetzt werden kann.
Einsatz eines adaptiven Optiksystems in der
Strömungsmesstechnik
Authors: Leithold Christoph , Büttner Lars , Czarske Jürgen 
Published: May 2014

Zusammenfassung
Die adaptive Optik stellt ein heterogenes,
dynamisches, optomechatronisches System
dar. Aufgrund der rasanten Fortentwicklung erobert sie
sich neben der Astronomie und der Ophthalmologie zunehmend neue
Anwendungsfelder. In diesem Beitrag wird ein
interferometrisches Geschwindigkeitsmessverfahren
präsentiert, das ein adaptives Optiksystem für
die Korrektur von Störungen durch eine fluktuierende Phasengrenzschicht
nutzt. Es wird der Fortschritt für die Messtechnik
dargestellt.
RARRES3 suppresses breast cancer lung metastasis by regulating adhesion and differentiation
Authors: Morales Mònica , Arenas Enrique J , Urosevic Jelena , Guiu Marc , Fernández Esther , Planet Evarist , Fenwick Robert Bryn , Fernández‐Ruiz Sonia , Salvatella Xavier , Reverter David , Carracedo Arkaitz , Massagué Joan , Gomis Roger R 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn estrogen receptor‐negative breast cancer patients, metastatic relapse usually occurs in the lung and is responsible for the fatal outcome of the disease. Thus, a better understanding of the biology of metastasis is needed. In particular, biomarkers to identify patients that are at risk of lung metastasis could open the avenue for new therapeutic opportunities. Here we characterize the biological activity of RARRES3, a new metastasis suppressor gene whose reduced expression in the primary breast tumors identifies a subgroup of patients more likely to develop lung metastasis. We show that RARRES3 downregulation engages metastasis‐initiating capabilities by facilitating adhesion of the tumor cells to the lung parenchyma. In addition, impaired tumor cell differentiation due to the loss of RARRES3 phospholipase A1/A2 activity also contributes to lung metastasis. Our results establish RARRES3 downregulation as a potential biomarker to identify patients at high risk of lung metastasis who might benefit from a differentiation treatment in the adjuvant programme.
Stimulated thyroglobulin level at ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer: the impact of treatment preparation modalities and tumor burden
Authors: Ciappuccini Renaud , Hardouin Juliette , Heutte Natacha , Vaur Dominique , Quak Elske , Rame Jean-Pierre , Blanchard David , de Raucourt Dominique , Bardet Stéphane 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveIn patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), the stimulated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level at radioiodine ablation is a known predictive factor of persistent disease. This prognostic value is based on data obtained after thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW), but little is known about this prognostic value after recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) stimulation and about the relationship between the stimulated Tg level and the burden of persistent tumor. We aimed to assess the impact of both radioiodine preparation modalities and persistent tumor burden on stimulated Tg levels.Design and methodsThe stimulated Tg level was measured at radioablation in 308 consecutive DTC patients without serum Tg antibodies. Of these, 123 (40%) were prepared with rhTSH and 185 with THW. Post-ablation scintigraphy included total-body scan and neck and thorax single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography (SPECT–CT). During a mean follow-up of 43 months, persistent/recurrent disease (PRD) was found in 56 patients (18%). PRD was considered structural in the presence of lesions >1 cm and nonstructural otherwise.ResultsNonstructural PRD was more frequent in the rhTSH group than in the THW group (64 vs 26%,P=0.01). Stimulated Tg levels were lower after rhTSH than after THW in patients with (13.5 vs 99.5 ng/ml,P<0.01) and without (1.2 vs 3.2 ng/ml,P<0.001) PRD. Also, Tg levels were lower in nonstructural disease than in structural disease in both rhTSH (3.8 vs 127.0 ng/ml,P<0.01) and THW (13.0 vs 143.5 ng/ml,P<0.0001) patients. The best Tg cutoff to predict PRD was 2.8 in rhTSH and 28 ng/ml in THW patients.ConclusionBoth radioiodine preparation modalities and the burden of persistent tumor affect the stimulated Tg level at ablation.
GH receptor isoforms and skeletal fragility in acromegaly
Authors: Mormando Marilda , Nasto Luigi A , Bianchi Antonio , Mazziotti Gherardo , Giampietro Antonella , Pola Enrico , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Giustina Andrea , De Marinis Laura 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveAcromegaly is associated with an increased prevalence of vertebral fractures (VFs) in close relationship with GH hypersecretion. Two isoforms of the GH receptor (GHR) have been identified; the two isoforms differ or not by the expression of the protein fragment encoded by exon 3 of the GHR gene. Deletion of the exon 3 may influence the functional properties of the GHR and affect fracture risk in acromegalic patients.DesignA cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the association between the d3-GHR isoform and the prevalence of VFs in patients with acromegaly.MethodsIn this study, 109 acromegalic patients were included (M/F, 48/61): 73 with controlled/cured acromegaly and 36 with active disease. GHR genotype was assessed in each patient. All patients were evaluated for VFs and bone mineral density at lumbar spine and hip. Serum IGF1 levels and bone metabolism markers were measured. A multivariate analysis was performed to establish risk factors for VFs in our population.Resultsd3-GHR carriers showed an increased prevalence of VFs when compared with patients expressing full-length GHR (35/55 vs 12/54; P<0.001). The association between GHR deletion and VFs was demonstrated both in patients with active disease and in those with controlled/cured disease. Out of 35 patients who were prospectively evaluated, 13 (37.1%) developed incident VFs. The incidence of VFs was significantly higher in patients for whom the GHR gene has been deleted when compared with those harboring the fl gene (P=0.04). In multivariate analysis, male sex (odds ratio (OR), 3.250; P=0.041), IGF1 levels (OR, 1.183; P=0.031), length of active diseases (OR, 1.038; P=0.001), and d3-GHR genotype (OR, 3.060; P=0.015) were all confirmed as risk factors of VFs in our population.ConclusionsThis study suggests for the first time that exon 3 deletion of GHR may predispose patients with active and controlled acromegaly to a higher risk of VFs.
The Construct Validity and Responsiveness of Sensory Tests in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Cheung Derek K.M , MacDermid JoyC , Walton Dave , Grewal Ruby 
Published: May 2014

Background and Purpose :Sensory evaluation is fundamental to evaluation of patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). The purpose of this study was to determine the construct validity and responsiveness for sensory threshold tests in patients with CTS.Methods :Sixty-three patients diagnosed with CTS were evaluated prior to orthotic intervention and again at follow up at 6 and 12 weeks. Sensory tests included touch threshold PSSD (Pressure Specified Sensory Device) and vibration threshold (Vibrometer). Construct validity was assessed by comparing sensory tests to hand function, and dexterity testing using Spearman rho (rs). Patients were classified as either responders or non-responders to orthotic intervention based on the change score of the Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) of 0.5. Responsiveness of the sensory tools was measured using ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves, SRM (Standardized Response Mean), and ES (Effect Sizes).Results :The PSSD had low to moderate correlations (rs≤ 0.32) while Vibrometer scores had moderate correlations (rs= 0.36 - 0.41) with dexterity scores. The Clinically Important Difference (CID) for the PSSD was estimated at 0.15 g/mm2but was not discriminative. The Vibrometer demonstrated moderate responsiveness, with a SRM = 0.61 and an ES = 0.46 among responders. The PSSD had a SRM = 0.09 and an ES = 0.08 and showed low responsiveness for patients with a clinically important improvement in symptoms.Conclusion :Measurement properties suggest that the Vibrometer was preferable to the PSSD because it was more correlated to hand function, and was more responsive. Clinicians may choose use the Vibrometer opposed to the PSSD for determining important change in sensation after orthotic intervention.
In vitro evaluation of three intravenous fluid line warmers
Authors: Lee Rebecca A. , Towle Millard Heather A. , Weil Ann B. , Lantz Gary , Constable Peter , Lescun Timothy B. , Weng Hsin-Yi 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine in vitro output temperature differences of 3 IV fluid warmers.
Design—Prospective, randomized study.
Sample—3 IV fluid warmers.
Procedures—Warming capabilities of a distance-dependent blood and fluid warmer marketed for human and veterinary use (product A) and a veterinary-specific distance-dependent fluid warmer (product B) were compared at 0, 4, 8, and 12 cm from the device to the test vein and at flow rates of 20, 60, 100, 140, 180, 220, 260, and 300 mL/h with room temperature (approx 22°C) fluids (phase 1). The superior warming device was compared against a distance-independent IV fluid warmer (product C) with room temperature fluids at the same flow rates (phase 2). The effect of prewarmed fluids (38°C) versus room temperature fluids was evaluated with the superior warming device from phase 2 (phase 3).
Results—In phase 1, product B produced significantly warmer fluids than product A for all flow rates and distances. Both distance-dependent devices produced warmer fluid at 0 cm, compared with 4, 8, and 12 cm. In phase 2, product B produced warmer fluid than product C at 60, 100, 140, and 180 mL/h. In phase 3, there was no significant benefit to use of prewarmed fluids versus room temperature fluids. Output temperatures ≥ 36.4°C were achieved for all rates ≥ 60 mL/h.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Product B had superior warming capabilities. Placing the fluid warmer close to the patient is recommended. Use of prewarmed fluids had no benefit. Lower IV fluid flow rates resulted in lower output fluid temperatures.
Endoscopic mucosal resection and snare polypectomy for treatment of a colorectal polypoid adenoma in a dog
Authors: Coleman Kristin A. , Berent Allyson C. , Weisse Chick W. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Case Description—An 11-year-old castrated male mixed-breed dog was examined for a 3-month history of hematochezia and tenesmus. Abdominal ultrasonography and rectal examination prior to referral had revealed a colorectal polyp, diagnosed as a benign colorectal polypoid adenoma after histologic examination of tissue samples. The patient was referred for treatment.
Clinical Findings—A 2-cm-diameter sessile polypoid mass was located approximately 6 cm orad to the anus in the right dorsolateral region of the descending colon just caudal to the pubis. There was no evidence of metastasis on thoracic radiography or abdominal ultrasonography. Results of a CBC and serum biochemical analysis were within reference limits.
Treatment and Outcome—Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and snare electrocautery were used to resect the mass and a definitive histopathologic diagnosis of a sessile colorectal polypoid adenoma was made. A 9.9-mm gastroduodenoscope was used during colonoscopy to inspect the mass. To aid in EMR, a 25-gauge endoscopic injection needle was used to infuse sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution under the base of the polyp, into the submucosa to elevate the mucosa from the muscularis layer beneath the polyp prior to polypectomy. This was necessary because of the sessile, rather than pedunculated, base of the mass. The entire polyp was successfully removed with endoscopic guidance. The clinical signs of hematochezia and tenesmus resolved immediately, and serial rectal examinations were performed over the following 36 months with no palpable evidence of recurrence.
Clinical Relevance—The patient described in the present report underwent successful colonic EMR and snare polypectomy with no known evidence of mass recurrence during the following 36 months, suggesting that this minimally invasive procedure may be a valuable treatment option for sessile polyps. The advantage of this technique was that elevation of the mucosa via injection of saline solution improved visibility of the polyp and helped to separate the polyp base from the deeper submucosal colorectal tissue, making complete resection possible.