bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bursts of beta oscillation differentiate postperformance activity in the striatum and motor cortex of monkeys performing movement tasks
Authors: Feingold Joseph , Gibson Daniel J. , DePasquale Brian , Graybiel Ann M. 
Published: October 2015

Significance
Studies of beta oscillations, highlighted clinically because of exaggerated beta-band activity in Parkinson’s disease, have focused on measures averaged over multiple trials, and readers outside the field could have the misperception that beta oscillations persist over seconds. We show that brief bursts of oscillation are responsible for virtually all beta-band activity in healthy monkeys. The state called “beta synchronization” consists of numerous brief (∼40–120 ms) bouts of oscillation within a nonoscillatory background, and these bouts can also occur during periods of “desynchronization.” Thus, postmovement “synchronization” of beta represents a transient increase in oscillation probability, with different time courses in the motor cortex and striatum. We suggest that the timing and duration of these bursts are critical parameters for network function.
The HLA-G cycle provides for both NK tolerance and immunity at the maternal–fetal interface
Authors: Tilburgs Tamara , Evans J. Henry , Crespo Ângela C. , Strominger Jack L. 
Published: October 2015

SignificanceDecidual natural killer cells (dNK), the largest population of leukocytes at the maternal–fetal interface, have low cytotoxicity. They are believed to play a role in facilitating invasion of fetal HLA-G+ extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) into maternal tissues, a process essential for establishment of healthy pregnancies. dNK are low-cytotoxic while nonetheless containing cytotoxic granules and functioning in immunity to viral infections, illustrated here with human cytomegalo virus (HCMV). Interaction of dNK with EVT leads to acquisition of HLA-G by dNK (trogocytosis), followed by a cycle of internalization, degradation, and reacquisition of HLA-G. Cytokine activation facilitates HLA-G degradation and coincides with increased cytotoxicity by dNK. Thus, the cycle provides both for NK tolerance and antiviral immune function of dNK.
Functional group-specific traits drive phytoplankton dynamics in the oligotrophic ocean
Authors: Alexander Harriet , Rouco Mónica , Haley Sheean T. , Wilson Samuel T. , Karl David M. , Dyhrman Sonya T. 
Published: October 2015

SignificanceBlooms of phytoplankton can shift the ecosystem state of low-nutrient ocean regions between net heterotrophic and autotrophic conditions, increasing carbon sequestration and driving carbon export to the deep sea. Little is known about the traits that govern the timing and magnitude of these bloom events. We used metatranscriptomics to assess phytoplankton functional group-specific metabolic shifts experimentally during simulated blooms in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The results indicate blooms form when phytoplankton are released from limitation by resources (nutrients, vitamins, and trace metals) and that the mechanistic basis for the success of one functional group over another may be driven by how efficiently the transcriptome is modulated following a nutrient pulse.
Recombining plasma in the remnant of a core-collapsed supernova, Kes 17
Authors: Washino Ryosaku , Uchida Hiroyuki , Nobukawa Masayoshi , Tsuru Takeshi Go , Tanaka Takaaki , Kawabata Nobukawa Kumiko , Koyama Katsuji 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We report on Suzaku results concerning Kes 17, a Galactic mixed-morphology supernova remnant. The X-ray spectrum of the whole Kes 17 is well explained by a pure thermal plasma, in which we found Lyα of Al xiii and Heα of Al xii, Ar xvii, and Ca xix lines for the first time. The abundance pattern and the plasma mass suggest that Kes 17 is a remnant of a core-collapsed supernova of a 25–30 M⊙ progenitor star. The X-ray spectrum of the north region is expressed by a recombining plasma. The origin would be due to the cooling of electrons by thermal conduction to molecular clouds located near the north region.
Assessing displays for supporting strategic emergency management
Authors: Huggins Thomas J. , Hill Stephen R , Peace Robin , Johnston David M. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– Emergency management groups aiming to address community resilience work with complex systems which consist of multiple interacting dynamics. The purpose of this paper is to help ensure that information is displayed in a way which supports strategic performance, to address longer term challenges faced by these groups.

Design/methodology/approach
– Ten professional emergency managers completed an online simulation of complex, community resilience related tasks faced in their normal working lives. They responded to either table-or diagram-based information about a relevant emergency management strategy. Responses were rated by academic and practitioner experts using 0-5 point Likert scales.

Findings
– Analyses of the expert ratings found that certain components of macrocognitive performance reached large degrees of inter-rater reliability (ρ=0.76, p=0.003; ρ=0.58, p=0.03; ρ=0.53, p=0.05). Current situation awareness increased by an average of 29 per cent in the diagram condition. Prospective amendment quality also increased, by an average of 38 per cent. A small sample size meant that these increases are difficult to generalise.

Research limitations/implications
– Extensions of this pilot research could use larger samples and more generic simulation conditions, to increase confidence in the claim that certain displays help improve strategic emergency management planning.

Practical implications
– It is recommended that further research continues to focus on current and prospective situational awareness, as measures of strategic emergency management performance which can be reliably expert rated.

Originality/value
– This research provides novel methodological considerations for supporting a more strategic approach to emergency management, with a focus on longer term implications.
Entrepreneurship, corruption, and the size of US underground economies
Authors: Wiseman Travis 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– Using state-level data on productive and unproductive entrepreneurship, shadow economy size, and public official corruption, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether formal sector productive (unproductive) entrepreneurial activity is associated with lower (higher) levels of informal economic activity.Design/methodology/approach– Additionally, the author aims to connect US state-level entrepreneurship, shadow economy size, and corruption by asking whether corruption affects entrepreneurial outcomes primarily through its effects on the shadow economy. The author contends that if this is the case, then estimates of corruption should serve as a good instrument for shadow economy size in regressions on formal sector entrepreneurial outcomes.Findings– Results from OLS regressions suggest that shadow economy size shares a strong, negative (positive), and statistically significant relationship with productive (unproductive) entrepreneurship. These results are fairly robust to GMM estimation. Additionally, the author finds that corruption is a strong instrument for shadow economy size; one for which validity cannot be rejected in regressions on productive, and net entrepreneurship scores.Research limitations/implications– However, the author cannot safely assert that the author finds evidence of the shadow economy serving as a primary channel through which corruption affects observed entrepreneurial outcomes. Failure to reject validity of the corruption instrument is, at best, suggestive of the primacy of the entrepreneurial choice between formal and informal sector participation.Originality/value– This study, to the author’s knowledge, is the first to attempt “connecting the dots” between entrepreneurship, corruption, and shadow economy size.
Government roles in venture capital development: a review of current literature
Authors: Callagher Lisa Jane , Smith Peter , Ruscoe Saskia 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– Interest in venture capital markets continues to be of relevance to politicians and policy makers, recognizing the importance of government participation in venture capital market development. Yet advice regarding developing venture capital markets appears increasingly disparate. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– The authors engage the assumptions that underpin three dominant policy approaches to the development of venture capital markets with regard to the role of governments in that process. The authors categorize existing empirical studies against three approaches and give examples of the different government policies associated with the various approaches.Findings– Direct and indirect approaches recognize the importance of active stock markets but largely ignore the dynamic processes of markets, asserting that the provision of capital, institutional changes, and financial incentivesex antewill cause a positive market reaction, regardless of the market’s context. The recent timed approached is purported as being more comprehensive in its awareness of the need to adapt to countries’ contexts and the need for varying policies at the different stages of market emergence.Research limitations/implications– Limited empirical research tests the voracity and limitations of the timed approach. The challenge in doing so is that evolutionary theories typically explain an event after it has occurred, thus its predictive power is often limited. Future research might investigate the efficacy of policy levers based on the timed approach.Practical implications– The authors highlight the need for the development of venture capital markets, rather than a venture capital industry.Originality/value– The authors extend the existing venture capital market development categories and evaluate each approach in terms of the efficacy of government’s roles in venture capital market development in light of the existing evidence of economic development and entrepreneurial activity.
National culture, institutions and economic growth
Authors: Ostapenko Nataliia 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential pathway of influence of formal and informal institutions and economic development on the business productive behaviour at the national level.Design/methodology/approach– In the paper SEM models and regression analysis are used to define the causal relationships. Using data from cultural dimensions of Hofstede, Inglehart and Tabellini, proxies for formal institutions and economic development this research empirically examines the way of influence of these factors on entrepreneurship performance in the national economy.Findings– This paper demonstrates that, stimulating by the economic growth, formal and informal institutions could affect business productive behaviour at the macro level in both direct and indirect ways through each other. Formal and informal institutions were found to act as substitutes. The author argues that the decision to act productively is not just a result of the formal institutional framework – “bad” outcomes of business development may also be a consequence of the activity of certain informal institutions as well as caused by poor levels of national economic development.Practical implications– Based on the findings of this research it is possible to improve the methods of formation of stimulation policy for driving business behaviour in a productive way by taking into account existing formal and informal institutions and the level of development of the national economy.Originality/value– This paper by using SEM techniques examines the causal relationships between the quality of formal and informal institutions and productivity of entrepreneurs at the national level.
Machine baptisms and heroes of the underground
Authors: van den Ende Leonore , van Marrewijk Alfons , Boersma Kees 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to apply the theory of sociomateriality to exhibit how the social and material are entangled and (re)configured over time and in practice in a particular organization of study.Design/methodology/approach– The authors conduct an ethnographic case study of the North-South metro line project in Amsterdam and use the methods of participant-observation, in-depth interviewing and a desk study.Findings– The authors showcase the process of sociomaterial entanglement by focussing on the history and context of the project, the agency and performativity of the material and sociomaterial (re)configuration via ritual performance. The authors found the notion of performativity not only concern the enactment of boundaries between the social and material, but also the blurring of such boundaries.Research limitations/implications– Sociomateriality theory remains difficult to grasp. The implication is the need to provide new lenses to engage this theory empirically.Practical implications– The authors provide a multi-layered lens for organization researchers to engage sociomateriality theory at a contextual, organizational and practice level.Social implications– Insights from a historical and contextual perspective can help practitioners to become aware of the diverse and dynamic ways in which social and material entities are entangled and (re)configured over time and in practice.Originality/value– The authors provide a unique empirical account to exhibit the entanglement and (re)configuration between the social and material in a particular organization of study. This paper studies a tangible organizational setting whereas prior research in sociomateriality mainly focussed on routines in IT and IS. Finally, the authors suggest the ethnographic method to study sociomaterial entanglement from a historical and contextual perspective.
The corporation performed: minutes from the rituals of annual general meetings
Authors: Nyqvist Anette 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– In this paper the annual general meetings (AGM) of corporations are conceptualized as front-stage performances and dramas where the three roles of the corporation – the shareholder, manager and director – perform the corporation as a particular type of organization. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– Meeting ethnography conducted at four seasons of AGMs in Sweden.Findings– The study sheds light on how the required AGM of public companies may be seen as a ritualized, legitimizing and trust-building corporate performance where the different roles of the corporation are played out in positioning procedures and where the corporation as an organizational form is enacted.Originality/value– The topic is of this paper is clearly original. Looking at corporations from an anthropological angle, exploring foundation myths, rites and organizational cultures, have been employed earlier, but exploring AGMs from an anthropological angle, is new.
Online word-of-mouth as a predictor of television rating
Authors: Yeh Ching-Chiang 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– Despite the growing importance of online word-of-mouth (WOM) with regard to television (TV) ratings, it is usually excluded from early prediction models. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of online WOM in TV ratings predictions, focussing on whether the incorporation of online WOM could improve predictions of TV ratings, and extracts meaningful rules for decision-making.Design/methodology/approach– The author uses online WOM as a potential predictive variable in the TV ratings prediction model. The author matches a list of programs based on TV ratings for the movie channel with internet user reviews and TV ratings information from Yahoo! Movies (YM) and XYZ Company. The data set includes 71 movies, for which the data were analyzed with a hybrid model.Findings– Grey relational analysis shows that online WOM is a usefulex antedeterminant of TV ratings. As a predictive variable, it plays an essential role in enhancing TV ratings predictions. The experimental results also indicate that the proposed model surpasses other listed methods in terms of both accuracy and reduction of variables, while the proposed procedure yields a set of easily understandable decision rules that facilitate the interpretation of TV ratings information.Practical implications– This paper identifies critical predictors of TV ratings and suggests that online WOM messages are a credible source. A hybrid model is developed to illustrate an intelligent prediction system for TV ratings.Originality/value– The study demonstrates the effectiveness of online WOM and its impact on TV ratings. It offers an intelligent prediction system for TV ratings with practical implications for managers within the TV industry.
Metrics for an increasingly complicated information ecosystem
Authors: Stuart David 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to encourage recognition of the potential impact of an increasingly complicated information ecosystem on scientometric indicators.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper considers how new web technologies have impacted the role of time in scientometric indicators.

Findings
– The paper suggests that it is important to be aware of the limitations of scientometrics indicators in an increasingly complicated information environment, although without a more developed semantic web there is little that can be done.

Practical implications
– Users of scientometric indicators should refrain from claiming too much confidence in them.

Originality/value
– The paper considers scientometric indicators at a finer granularity that usual, and will be of interest to anyone concerned the application of bibliometric indicators and the changing nature of scientific discourse.
Effect of a family history of psoriasis and age on comorbidities and quality of life in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis: Results from the ARIZONA study
Authors: López‐Estebaranz Jose Luis , Sánchez‐Carazo Jose Luis , Sulleiro Sara 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease whose clinical characteristics vary from patient to patient. We aimed to analyze how comorbidities and quality of life (QoL, as per the Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI]) may be affected by a family history of psoriasis and by age. The ARIZONA study was a multicenter, cross‐sectional study in 1022 adult patients diagnosed with moderate to severe psoriasis at least 6 months prior to inclusion. The severity of psoriasis and the proportion of patients with comorbidities were not affected by the presence of a family history. The regression analysis revealed that the presence of a family history of psoriasis was associated with the effect on the patient's QoL (P = 0.002), regardless of disease severity. The mean DLQI total score varied significantly across age groups (5.1 ± 5.3 for the 18–30‐year group, 5.7 ± 6.5 for the 31–60‐year group and 3.8 ± 5.1 for the >60‐year group; P = 0.001). In conclusion, the presence of a family history of psoriasis appears to disrupt QoL in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis, but it hardly affected the prevalence of comorbid conditions. The effect of age on QoL was particularly noticeable in younger patients, highlighting its negative impact. As expected, older patients appeared to be burdened with a higher number of comorbidities than their younger counterparts.
How to capture fish in a school? Effect of successive predator attacks on seabird feeding success
Authors: Thiebault Andréa , Semeria Magali , Lett Christophe , Tremblay Yann 
Published: October 2015

SummaryPrey aggregations, such as fish schools, attract numerous predators. This typically leads to the formation of multispecific groups of predators. These aggregations can be seen both as a place of increased competition and as a place of possible facilitation between predators. Consequently, the functional role of such predator–prey aggregation is uncertain, and its effect on individual feeding success is virtually unknown.Using underwater film footage of different predators feeding on fish schools during the sardine run in South Africa, we directly measured thein situfeeding success of individual Cape gannetsMorus capensisin different foraging situations.We determined the types of Cape gannet attacks (direct plunge dive or plunge dive followed by underwater pursuit) and we measured the occurrences and timing of attacks from the different species (mostly Cape gannets and long‐beaked common dolphinsDelphinus capensis). We also estimated the size of the targeted fish schools. These observations were complemented with a simulation model to evaluate the cumulative effect of successive predator attacks on the prey aggregation structure.The probability to capture a fish in one feeding attempt by Cape gannets averaged 0·28. It was lower when gannets engaged in underwater prey pursuit after the plunge compared to direct plunge (0·13 vs. 0·36). We found no effect of the number of prey on gannets’ feeding success. However, the timing and frequency of attacks influenced strongly and positively the feeding success of individuals. The probability to capture a fish was the lowest (0·16) when no attack occurred in the few seconds (1–15 s) prior to a dive and the highest (˜0·4, i.e. more than twice) when one or two attacks occurred during this time window. The simulation model showed that a prey aggregation disorganized just after an attack and that the maximum of disturbance was obtained a few seconds after the initiation of the successive attacks.Our study suggests that, in multispecies predator assemblages, the cumulative effect (through disorganization of school cohesiveness) of the multiple species attacking a prey aggregation may increase the feeding success of each individual. Therefore, facilitation between predators is likely to overcome competition in these multispecific assemblages.
Roles of causation and meaning for interpreting correlations
Authors: Atmanspacher Harald 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe essays by Tougas and Willeford address, among other things, a number of ways to understand causation, which play crucial roles in the framework of thinking proposed by Pauli and Jung. The intention of my following reply is to say a few words about how these options are related to one another within our reconstruction of the Pauli‐Jung conjecture. In the tradition of the sciences, looking for causation has become a virtually innate reflex to interpret empirically observed correlations. The concept of synchronicity suggests looking for meaningful coincidences as an alternative, complementary interpretation, particularly appropriate for psychophysical correlations.