bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blending Surface Currents from HF Radar Observations and Numerical Modeling: Tidal Hindcasts and Forecasts
Authors: Stanev E. V. , Ziemer F. , Schulz-Stellenfleth J. , Seemann J. , Staneva J. , Gurgel K.-W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAn observation network operating three Wellen Radars (WERAs) in the German Bight, which are part of the Coastal Observing System for Northern and Arctic Seas (COSYNA), is presented in detail. Major consideration is given to expanding the patchy observations over the entire German Bight on a 1-km grid and producing state estimates at intratidal scales, and 6- and 12-h forecasts. This was achieved with the help of the proposed spatiotemporal optimal interpolation (STOI) method, which efficiently uses observations and simulations from a free model run within an analysis window of one or two tidal cycles. In this way the method maximizes the use of available observations and can be considered as a step toward the “best surface current estimate.” The performance of the analysis was investigated based on the achieved reduction of the misfit between model and observations. The complex dynamics of the study domain was illustrated based on the spatial and temporal changes of tidal ellipses for the M2 and M4 constituents from HF radar observations. It was demonstrated that blending observations and numerical modeling facilitates physical interpretation of processes such as the nonlinear distortion of the Kelvin wave in the coastal zone and in particular in front of the Elbe and Weser estuaries. Comparisons with in situ data acquired outside the area covered by the HF radar demonstrated that the analysis method is able to propagate the HF radar information to larger spatial scales.
Dynamic Interpolation of Sea Surface Height and Potential Applications for Future High-Resolution Altimetry Mapping
Authors: Ubelmann Clement , Klein Patrice , Fu Lee-Lueng 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMany issues may challenge standard interpolation techniques to produce high-resolution gridded maps of sea surface height in the context of future missions like Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT). The present study proposes a new method to address these challenges. Based on the conservation of potential vorticity, the method provides a simple dynamic approach to interpolation through temporal gaps between high spatial resolution observations. For gaps shorter than 20 days, the dynamic interpolation is extremely efficient and allows for the reconstruction of the time evolution of small mesoscale eddies (below 100 km) that would be smoothed out by conventional methods based on optimal mapping. Such a simple approach offers some perspectives for developing high-level products from high-resolution altimetry data in the future.
Myiasis of the Ear
Authors: Jervis-Bardy Joshua , Fitzpatrick Nick , Masood Ajmal , Crossland Graeme , Patel Hemi 
Published: October 2014

Objective: Myiasis is the infestation of live humans (or animals) by fly larvae. Although the diagnosis is relatively straightforward, how to best treat aural myiasis has not been well described in the literature. This comprehensive literature review, therefore, was performed to identify current management principles in aural myiasis, especially with regard to the causative fly family. In addition, we explore the possible relationship between aural myiasis and the highly lethal intracranial myiasis. Data Sources: Literature review using the Medline database (PubMed), Scopus, and Google Scholar. Review Methods: Manuscripts published in the English language between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2012, were included. Results: Forty-five cases of aural myiasis were reported in 34 manuscripts. Most cases were caused by species of the Sarcophagidae family (n = 26/45, 57.8%). The majority of cases (n = 40/45, 88.9%) were successfully treated with simple aural toilet and topical treatments alone. No deaths were reported and no cases were seen in conjunction with intracranial myiasis. Conclusion: Aural myiasis is a rare but benign fly infestation of the ear, most commonly by species of the Sarcophagidae family. The overwhelming majority of cases can be successfully managed without the need for surgical intervention.
Effort in Human Factors Performance and Decision Making
Authors: Wickens Christopher D. 
Published: October 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the importance of effort in human factors. Background: Effort has made its appearance in several diverse formats and applications. Eight of these are integrated in the current writing related to learning, looking, task switching, visual search termination, information access, choosing decision strategies, and behaving safely. Method: This is based upon a literature review. Results: The common elements of these different effort applications are highlighted, particularly, their manifestations in either implicit or explicit expected value decisions. Conclusions: There is a need to show how the metrics of effort and workload assessment influence decisions in human factors, particularly, those related to safety.
Transition into adult healthcare services in Scotland: findings from a study concerning service users at the Scottish Spina Bifida Association
Authors: Levy Sharon , Wynd Andrew HD , Carachi Robert 
Published: October 2014

Background and Aims Literature on interventions that enable young people with spina bifida and/or hydrocephalus to have smooth transition, into adult healthcare services, stress the need for the process to start early and to include all family members. The study reported here was set to quantify and articulate the experiences of service users who are or due to be going through the transition process in Scotland today. Methods and Results Focus group sessions, in the North of Scotland and in the ‘Central Belt’, captured rich qualitative data. A survey, sent to eligible participants on the Spina Bifida National database, offered complimentary data source. Despite the fact that the number of returned questionnaires was low ( n = 20), data analysis identified a number of core recurring themes. These include issues concerning Communications, Respect, Choice and Control. Findings suggest that there is a significant chasm between the political rhetoric and the reality faced by young people with spina bifida moving to adult healthcare services. Conclusion A possible way to facilitate successful transition of young people is using personal healthcare information as the locus for needed change. More research is needed to ascertain whether a ‘Person-Centred Record’, which is set to empower young people on their transition pathway, is an appropriate transition tool.
Efficacy of Thickened Liquids for Eliminating Aspiration in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Barbon Carly E. A. , Steele Catriona M. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo appraise the current videofluoroscopic evidence on the reduction of aspiration using thickened liquids in the head and neck cancer population.Data SourcesSearch terms relating to deglutition or dysphagia or swallow and neoplasms and oncology or head and neck cancer and viscosity or texture and apira or residu* were combined with honey or nectar, xerostomia, and respiratory aspiration using Boolean operators.Review MethodsA multiengine literature search identified 337 nonduplicate articles, of which 6 were judged to be relevant. These underwent detailed review for study quality and qualitative synthesis.ResultsThe articles reviewed in detail predominantly described heterogeneous study samples with small sample sizes, making for difficult interpretation and generalization of results. Rates of aspiration were typically not reported by bolus consistency, despite the fact that a variety of stimulus consistencies was used during a videofluoroscopic swallowing study. Studies confirmed that aspiration is a major concern in the head and neck cancer population and reported a trend toward more frequent aspiration after (chemo)radiotherapy.ConclusionOverall, the literature on thickened liquids as an intervention to eliminate aspiration in the head and neck cancer population is limited. Because aspiration is known to be prevalent in the head and neck cancer population and thickened liquids are known to eliminate aspiration in other populations, it is important to determine the effectiveness of thickened liquids for reducing aspiration in the head and neck cancer population.
Bilateral maculopathy associated with sertraline
Authors: Ewe Shaun YP , Abell Robin G , Vote Brendan J 
Published: October 2014

Objective: We report a rare case of bilateral maculopathy that developed with the initiation of sertraline. Methods: We conducted a case report and review of the literature. Results: A 23-year-old man rapidly developed maculopathy with associated visual blurring after the initiation of sertraline. Treatment was ceased with the patient subsequently reporting mild improvement in visual symptoms. Conclusions: Maculopathy associated with sertraline use has yet to be established and recognized as an adverse side effect. With only one previous reported case in the literature, this condition requires further awareness.
Treatment of Hypertrophic Distal Tibia Nonunion and Early Malunion With Callus Distraction
Authors: Schoenleber Scott Jacob , Hutson James Jackson 
Published: October 2014

Background: Hypertrophic nonunions and early malunions of pilon and distal tibia fractures result in complex, challenging to treat deformities. Callus distraction histiogenesis is an option for their management, allowing for the simultaneous correction of multiplanar deformity and limb length discrepancy. Methods: A single-surgeon, retrospective case series was performed. Eight patients (6 males and 2 females) who were treated with callus distraction from 1991 to 2011 were reviewed. Six of 8 patients had varus deformities (range, 8-19 degrees) and 2 patients had valgus deformities (both 16 degrees) of the distal tibia metaphysis. Six of 8 had apex anterior deformities (range, 2-21 degrees) and 2 had apex posterior deformity (range, 9-20 degrees). An Ilizarov fixator or Taylor Spatial Frame (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN) was used to distract the nonunion or early malunion to correct alignment and shortening. Preoperative and postoperative radiographic outcomes, limb alignment, and ankle-hindfoot scores were reviewed. Results: Union was achieved in all patients at a mean of 5.8 months (range, 4.1-7.6 months). The 3 patients treated with an Ilizarov-type fixator had deformity correction to within 5 degrees of neutral in 1 plane and to within 10 degrees in the other plane. All 5 patients treated with a Taylor Spatial Frame had correction to within 5 degrees of neutral alignment in both coronal and sagittal planes. There were 2 complications requiring reoperation and 1 persistent limb length discrepancy (2 cm) after treatment. Median AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was 82.5 (range, 53-90) at an average follow-up of 30.4 months (range, 8-92). Conclusions: Callus distraction histiogenesis was a minimally invasive technique that can successfully treat patients with hypertrophic nonunion and early malunion of the distal tibia. We believe the application of a computer-assisted 6-axis frame to correct the deformity improved the correction of these multiplanar deformities. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
May BDNF Be Implicated in the Exercise-Mediated Regulation of Inflammation? Critical Review and Synthesis of Evidence
Authors: Papathanassoglou Elizabeth D. E. , Miltiadous Panagiota , Karanikola Maria N. 
Published: October 2014

Introduction: Exercise attenuates inflammation and enhances levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Exercise also enhances parasympathetic tone, although its role in activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is unclear. The physiological pathways of exercise’s effect on inflammation are obscure. Aims: To critically review the evidence on the role of BDNF in the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise and its potential involvement in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Methods: Critical literature review of studies published in MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Results: BDNF is critically involved in the bidirectional signaling between immune and neurosensory cells and in the regulation of parasympathetic system responses. BDNF is also intricately involved in the inflammatory response: inflammation induces BDNF production, and, in turn, BDNF exerts pro- and/or anti-inflammatory effects. Although exercise modulates BDNF and its receptors in lymphocytes, data on BDNF’s immunoregulatory/anti-inflammatory effects in relation to exercise are scarce. Moreover, BDNF increases cholinergic activity and is modulated by parasympathetic system activation. However, its involvement in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway has not been investigated. Conclusion: Converging lines of evidence implicate BDNF in exercise-mediated regulation of inflammation; however, data are insufficient to draw concrete conclusions. We suggest that there is a need to investigate BDNF as a potential modulator/mediator of the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise and of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway during exercise. Such research would have implications for a wide range of inflammatory diseases and for planning targeted exercise protocols.
Non-invasive respiratory volume monitoring in patients with traumatic thoracic injuries
Authors: Galvagno Samuel M , Brayanov Jordan , Corneille Michael G , Voscopoulos Christopher J , Sordo Salvador , Ladd Diane , Freeman Jenny 
Published: October 2014

Background Respiratory decompensation is common after traumatic thoracic injuries such as multiple rib fractures and pulmonary contusions. A continuous, non-invasive, impedance-based respiratory volume monitor generates right and left tidal volume measurements, reflecting air exchange in the lungs and derives an instantaneous respiratory rate. The feasibility of using unilateral respiratory volume monitor–based tidal impedance measurements to monitor respiratory status in trauma patients is evaluated. Methods Three intensive care unit patients with three or more rib fractures following blunt trauma had continuous respiratory volume monitor measurements with a novel non-invasive impedance-based device (ExSpiron, Respiratory Motion Inc., Waltham, MA) and corresponding clinical data to permit analysis. Tidal impedance measurements were collected from both the injured and non-injured sides and converted into bilateral respiratory volume monitor measurements using advanced algorithms. Results In Patient 1, following evacuation of a pneumothorax, the respiratory volume monitor showed a significant increase in tidal measurements coupled with a compensatory decrease in tidal measurements on the uninjured side and a decrease in respiratory rate. In Patient 2, tidal measurements were only slightly decreased on both the injured side and uninjured side; respiratory rate remained unchanged. This patient remained stable and required no intervention. Patient 3 demonstrated a sustained decrease in tidal measurements on the injured side that corresponded with radiograph findings and clinical deterioration leading to the need for endotracheal intubation. Conclusions The results from these cases demonstrate that respiratory volume monitor can generate unilateral respiratory tidal measurements and respiratory rate in patients with traumatic thoracic injuries. Continuous respiratory volume monitor in patients with thoracic trauma has strong potential for application in the military, aeromedical, and other austere environments where respiratory monitoring is problematic. Future studies to investigate the utility of this technology are warranted.
Both mature KIR+ and immature KIR− NK cells control pediatric acute B-cell precursor leukemia in NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid IL2rgtmWjl/Sz mice
Authors: Kübler Ayline , Woiterski Jeanette , Witte Kai-Erik , Bühring Hans-Jörg , Hartwig Udo F. , Ebinger Martin , Oevermann Lena , Mezger Markus , Herr Wolfgang , Lang Peter , Handgretinger Rupert , Münz Christian , André Maya C. 
Published: October 2014

Key Points
Both mature KIR+ and immature KIR− NK cells exert antileukemic activity toward pediatric BCP-ALL in vivo. In vivo treatment with low-dose 5-aza-cytidine enhances immature and mature NK-cell counts and promotes antitumor response.
Essential role of IRF4 and MYC signaling for survival of anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Weilemann Andre , Grau Michael , Erdmann Tabea , Merkel Olaf , Sobhiafshar Ulduz , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis , Hummel Michael , Siegert Antje , Hayford Claudia , Madle Hannelore , Wollert-Wulf Brigitte , Fichtner Iduna , Dörken Bernd , Dirnhofer Stephan , Mathas Stephan , Janz Martin , Emre N. C. Tolga , Rosenwald Andreas , Ott German , Lenz Peter , Tzankov Alexandar , Lenz Georg 
Published: October 2014

Key PointsIRF4 regulates MYC expression in ALCL. ALCL survival depends on IRF4/MYC signaling.
An official European Respiratory Society statement on physical activity in COPD
Authors: Watz Henrik , Pitta Fabio , Rochester Carolyn L. , Garcia-Aymerich Judith , ZuWallack Richard , Troosters Thierry , Vaes Anouk W. , Puhan Milo A. , Jehn Melissa , Polkey Michael I. , Vogiatzis Ioannis , Clini Enrico M. , Toth Michael , Gimeno-Santos Elena , Waschki Benjamin , Esteban Cristobal , Hayot Maurice , Casaburi Richard , Porszasz Janos , McAuley Edward , Singh Sally J. , Langer Daniel , Wouters Emiel F.M. , Magnussen Helgo , Spruit Martijn A. 
Published: October 2014

This European Respiratory Society (ERS) statement provides a comprehensive overview on physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A multidisciplinary Task Force of experts representing the ERS Scientific Group 01.02 “Rehabilitation and Chronic Care” determined the overall scope of this statement through consensus. Focused literature reviews were conducted in key topic areas and the final content of this Statement was agreed upon by all members.The current knowledge regarding physical activity in COPD is presented, including the definition of physical activity, the consequences of physical inactivity on lung function decline and COPD incidence, physical activity assessment, prevalence of physical inactivity in COPD, clinical correlates of physical activity, effects of physical inactivity on hospitalisations and mortality, and treatment strategies to improve physical activity in patients with COPD.This Task Force identified multiple major areas of research that need to be addressed further in the coming years. These include, but are not limited to, the disease-modifying potential of increased physical activity, and to further understand how improvements in exercise capacity, dyspnoea and self-efficacy following interventions may translate into increased physical activity.The Task Force recommends that this ERS statement should be reviewed periodically (e.g.every 5–8 years).
The lung cancer patient, the pneumologist and palliative care: a developing alliance
Authors: Blum Torsten , Schönfeld Nicolas 
Published: October 2014

Considerable evidence is now available on the value of palliative care for lung cancer patients in all stages and at all times during the course of the disease. However, pneumologists and their institutions seem to be widely in arrears with the implementation of palliative care concepts and the development of integrated structures.This review focuses on the available evidence and experience of various frequently unmet needs of lung cancer patients, especially psychological, social, spiritual and cultural ones. A PubMed search for evidence on these aspects of palliative care as well as on barriers to the implementation, on outcome parameters and effectiveness, and on structure and process quality was performed with a special focus on lung cancer patients.As a consequence, this review particularly draws pneumologists’ attention to improving their skills in communication with the patients, their relatives and among themselves, and to establish team structures with more far-reaching competences and continuity than existing multilateral cooperations and conferences can provide. Ideally, any process of structural and procedural improvement should be accompanied by scientific evaluation and measures for quality optimisation.
Validity of the European short list of respiratory diseases: a 40-year autopsy study
Authors: Gulsvik Anne K. , Henriksen Andreas H. , Svendsen Einar , Humerfelt Sjur , Gulsvik Amund 
Published: October 2014

The predictors of autopsy and the accuracy of European short list (E) codes of respiratory diseases lack recent knowledge.A 10% random sample (n=6811) of inhabitants of Bergen, Norway, aged 20–70 years, was invited to participate in a survey in 1965–1971 (participation rate 83%).By December 31, 2005, 4387 (64%) participants had died and 1163 (27% of the deceased) had been given an autopsy. Causes of death were tuberculosis (E02, 0.2%), lung malignancy (E15, 3.5%), influenza (E38, 0.2%), pneumonia (E39, 6.5%) and chronic lower respiratory diseases (E40, 3.2%). Male sex, early deaths in the surveillance period and E15 were positive predictors of an autopsy examination, whereas old age and E39 were strong negative predictors. Among those referred for apost mortemexamination, the cause of death was verified as tuberculosis in 0.3%, lung cancer in 8.1%, acute pneumonia in 2.0% and chronic obstructive lung diseases in 4.9%. Cohen’s kappa coefficients (E codesversusautopsy) were 0.91 (95% CI 0.86–0.96) for E15, 0.37 (95% CI 0.20–0.54) for E39 and 0.65 (95% CI 0.54–0.76) for E40.These findings matter when deaths from respiratory diseases are used as end-points in epidemiological association studies and clinical trials.
Maternal vitamin D and E intakes during pregnancy are associated with asthma in children
Authors: Allan Keith M. , Prabhu Nanda , Craig Leone C.A. , McNeill Geraldine , Kirby Bradley , McLay James , Helms Peter J. , Ayres Jon G. , Seaton Anthony , Turner Stephen W. , Devereux Graham 
Published: October 2014

Are maternal vitamin D and E intakes during pregnancy associated with asthma in 10-year-old children?In a longitudinal study of 1924 children born to women recruited during pregnancy, maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy was assessed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and vitamin E by FFQ and plasma α-tocopherol; respiratory questionnaires were completed for the 10-year-old children. Their treatment for asthma was also ascertained using administrative data. Longitudinal analyses included data collected at 1, 2, 5 and 10 years.Symptom data were available for 934 (49%) children and use of asthma medication for 1748 (91%). In the children maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy was negatively associated with doctor-diagnosed asthma at 10 years of age (OR per intake quintile 0.86, 95% CI 0.74–0.99) and over the first 10 years (hazard ratio 0.90, 95% CI 0.81–1.00). Maternal plasma α-tocopherol at 11 weeks gestation was negatively associated with children receiving asthma treatment (OR per standard deviation increase 0.52, 95% CI 0.31–0.87). Maternal vitamin E intake was negatively associated with doctor-diagnosed asthma (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81–0.99) in the first 10 years.Low maternal vitamin D and E intakes during pregnancy are associated with increased risk of children developing asthma in the first 10 years of life. These associations may have significant public health implications.