bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous Malignancy and Leprosy
Authors: RATOOSH SHERI L. , COHEN PHILIP R. , TRONCOSO PATRICIA 
Published: June 2013

background. Leprosy is a chronic systemic infection caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae. Cutaneous neoplasms have been observed in patients with leprosy. Also, albeit less commonly, M. leprae have been documented in the lesions of skin cancer.objective. To describe a 62‐year‐old man with chronic sun exposure and exposure to armadillos who subsequently developed lepromatous leprosy, to discuss the cutaneous malignancies that have occurred in patients with leprosy, and to review the literature concerning the concurrent presence of an infectious pathogen and a cutaneous neoplasm in the same lesion.methods. Our patient's basal cell carcinomas were excised, his abdominal plaques were biopsied, and his leprosy infection was treated with dapsone and rifampin. The types of cutaneous malignancies in leprosy patients and infectious pathogens concurrently found in lesions of skin tumors were summarized after evaluating previously published reports.results. Skin biopsies from our patient demonstrated M. leprae bacilli not only in his abdominal plaques, but also in all of his basal cell carcinoma lesions. Fungal, mycobacterial, and viral pathogens have concurrently been observed in skin lesions of basal cell carcinomas, Kaposi's sarcoma, melanoma, mycosis fungoides, and squamous cell carcinoma.conclusion. Patients with leprosy can develop skin cancers and the histologic interpretation of those skin cancers can show evidence of leprosy. It is uncertain to what degree the decreased cell‐mediated immunity in patients with lepromatous leprosy either enhances their susceptibility to and/or influences the course of their cutaneous neoplasms; also, in these patients, the coexistence ofM. leprae organisms and cutaneous malignancy in the same lesion is likely to be secondary to the high bacillary load that is present.
A Reevaluation of the Effect of Occlusion on the Trichloroacetic Acid Peel
Authors: PEIKERT JOHANN M. , KAYE VALDA N. , ZACHARY CHRISTOPHER B. 
Published: June 2013

background. Prior studies have demonstrated reduced wounding with trichloracetic acid (TCA) peels after tape occlusion. It is therefore reasonable to question whether or not other types of occlusion may have similar effects, particularly those used in routine postoperative care.objective. To reevaluate the effect of occlusion after TCA peels in multiple human models using various forms of dressings, at various times postoperatively, and to make recommendations regarding wound care that will not adversely affect the efficacy of the peel.methods. Equal‐sized sections of anterior alopecic scalps of four patients were peeled with 50% TCA, occluded with bacitracin, Vigilon, or Tegaderm at various times postoperatively, and biopsied 1 day later. Depths of necrosis were measured and compared with nonoccluded controls.results. Bacitracin ointment and Vigilon did not lessen TCA wounding, and sometimes actually enhanced it. Conversely, Tegaderm lessened the degree of the TCA wound. Timing of application played a role in the case of occlusion with Vigilon.conclusion. Occlusives used in conjunction with TCA peels do not have a uniform effect on depth of necrosis. Ointments and Vigilon can be used without reducing the efficacy of the TCA peel. Multiple subjects and rigid control of variables are necessary in studies of TCA‐induced necrosis.
Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Endometriosis
Authors: PURVIS ROBERT S. , TYRING STEPHEN K. 
Published: June 2013

background. Cutaneous or subcutaneous endometriosis is a rare entity that should be suspected in any female presenting with cyclic pain emanating from a mass in the vicinity of an abdominal surgical scar or the umbilicus.objective. The purpose of this report is to examine the diagnostic procedures for endometriosis and to review the therapeutic value of surgical excision alone or in combination with hormonal treatment.methods. Endometriosis presenting cutaneously in an infraumbilical laparoscopy scar and endometriosis occurring subcutaneously in a cesarean section scar were both diagnosed via incisional biopsy. Both lesions were treated with hormonal therapy followed by surgical excision.results. Hormonal therapy with danazol or with leuprolide resulted in reduction of symptoms but was associated with amenorrhea in both cases and with dyspareunia in the second patient. Subsequent laparoscopy and surgical excision of the endometrioma were curative.conclusion. Preoperative hormonal therapy, although sometimes associated with such side effects as amenorrhea, may be used in cases of large endometriotic masses to reduce the size of the surgical defect, but surgical excision remains the treatment of choice.
Hypertonic Saline Destruction of Multiple Glomus Tumors
Authors: SIEGLE RONALD J. , SPENCER DAVID M. , DAVIS LORETTA S. 
Published: June 2013

background. Multiple glomus tumors are uncommon cutaneous neoplasms. Therapeutic destructive alternatives include excision, argon or CO2 laser treatment, and sclerotherapy with sodium tetradecyl sulphate.objective. A case report is presented using a previously unreported technique of therapy, specifically hypertonic saline.methods. 23.4% NaCl was injected intraluminally in four sessions over a 6‐month period.conclusion. Serial hypertonic saline injections should be added to the list of effective treatment alternatives for multiple glomus tumors.
The Efficacy of Various Degreasing Agents Used in Trichloroacetic Acid Peels
Authors: PEIKERT JOHANN M. , KRYWONIS NANCY A. , REST ELLEN B. , ZACHARY CHRISTOPHER B. 
Published: June 2013

background. Adequate preparation of the skin is necessary for a successful chemical peel. Little detailed attention has been given to the effect of degreasing on the efficacy of the peel.objective. To assess the influence of degreasers on the peel, compare their flammabilities, and discuss alternatives.methods. Six patients with androgenetic alopecia and wide‐spread actinic keratoses of the scalp were treated with 35% trichloroacetic acid. Scalps were divided into sections and degreased with acetone, rubbing alcohol, Freon Skin Degreaser, or Hibiclens. The influence of these degreasers on trichloroacetic acid peels was assessed by clinical and histologic examination.conclusion. Acetone was not found to be superior to the other agents. Furthermore, the flashpoint of acetone is markedly lower than the others, making it more flammable and hazardous in the workplace. The use of alternative degreasers may lessen or eliminate this hazard.
Venoscopic Obliteration of Variceal Tributaries Using Monopolar Electrocautery
Authors: GRADMAN WAYNE S. 
Published: June 2013

background. Retrograde saphenous venoscopy has a diagnostic and potentially therapeutic role in the treatment of truncal varices.objective. To determine whether venoscopic electrocautery of saphenous vein tributaries can eliminate reflux into varices and reduce the need for further variceal evulsion or sclerotherapy.methods. Twelve patients with truncal varices underwent ligation of the saphenofemoral junction, retrograde venoscopy of the saphenous vein trunk, and endoscopic electrocautery obliteration of selected tributaries and varices.results. Postoperative color‐flow duplex studies revealed that the saphenous vein trunk was completely preserved in nine patients (75%). Portions of three saphenous vein trunks (25%) near the cannulated tributaries were thrombosed. Four patients (33.3%) did not require further sclerotherapy. These four patients usually had a cluster of varices arising from a single tributary that lay close to the saphenous vein. Seven of the eight remaining patients (58.3%) reported significant improvement from the operative procedure alone, but required additional treatment with sclerotherapy to make the results satisfactory. One patient (8.3%) experienced little improvement.conclusion: Venoscopic obliteration of variceal tributaries is feasible and may prove useful in the treatment of truncal varices. In selected patients, 4 of 12 (33.3%), no further treatment with sclerotherapy or evulsion was needed.
The Use of Hyaluronidase as an Adjunct to Surgical Procedures
Authors: CLARK LANI E. , MELLETTE J. RAMSEY 
Published: June 2013

background. Although the use of hyaluronidase as an adjunct to anesthesia is frequently described for plastic surgery and ophthalmologic procedures, its use in dermatologic surgery has not been well investigated.objective. In this report we review the advantages and disadvantages of using hyaluronidase in dermatologic procedures.methods. The effect of adding hyaluronidase to local anesthesia was evaluated in 72 Operations performed over a 1‐year period.results. Although the duration of anesthesia is slightly decreased, the addition of hyaluronidase to local anesthesia offers the benefits of minimizing loss of surface contour and enhanced ease in undermining and dissection through subeutaneous tissue planes. The onset of anesthesia using hyaluronidase is immediate and the area of anesthesia appears increased over anesthesia without hyaluronidase.conclusion. We therefore recommend the adjunct of hyaluronidase to local anesthesia as a useful advancement in surgical technique.
Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Presenting with Mild Symptoms
Authors: Strbian Daniel , Piironen Katja , Meretoja Atte , Sairanen Tiina , Putaala Jukka , Tiainen Marjaana , Artto Ville , Rantanen Kirsi , Häppölä Olli , Kaste Markku , Lindsberg Perttu J. ,   for the Helsinki Stroke Thrombolysis Registry Group
Published: June 2013

Background Thrombolysis of ischemic stroke patients presenting with mild symptoms is controversial. Aim We aimed to describe the clinical outcome and frequency of infarcts and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages on follow-up imaging of such thrombolysis-treated patients. Methods Our cohort included 1398 consecutive ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis at the Helsinki University Central Hospital, years 1995–2010. We analyzed the patients according to baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale: ≤2, 3–4, 5–6, and >6. In our institution, visualization of an artery occlusion or perfusion deficit is required for thrombolysis with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≤ 2. We used univariate and multivariable methods to describe the cohort and study associations between the variables. Excellent three-month outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale 0–1. Results Fifty-eight (4·1%) patients were treated with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≤ 2, another 194 (13·6%) with 3–4 points, and 236 (16·5%) with 5–6 points. With National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≤ 2, 45 (78%) of the patients had excellent three-month outcome, achieved in 116 (59%) patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 3–4, in 130 (55%) with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 5–6, and in 241 (26%) with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale > 6. Frequencies of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study-2) were 0%, 2·6%, 2·1%, and 8·1%, and visible infarcts on follow-up imaging 48%, 43%, 48%, and 74%, respectively. In patients with baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≤ 6, poor outcome was associated with previous stroke, diabetes, elevated admission blood glucose, and development of intracerebral hemorrhage. Conclusions Half of patients presenting with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 0–6 developed an infarction despite thrombolysis, and 40% had poor outcome, which was associated with glucose metabolism and hemorrhagic complications. Managing thrombolysis candidates with mild symptoms warrants individual consideration often supported by multimodal imaging.
Finding the Benefits: Estimating the Impact of The South African Child Support Grant
Authors: Coetzee Marisa 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper estimates the impact of the South African Child Support Grant (CSG) on child health, nutrition and education. Data from the 2008 South African National Income Dynamics Study are used to estimate the impact of the CSG on six different outcomes measuring child well‐being. We find a positive treatment effect of the CSG on children's height‐for‐age, progress through the school system, as well as household expenditure on food items using a continuous treatment estimator developed by Hirano and Imbens. Robustness analysis using the inverse probability weighting approach by Flores and Mitnik is also implemented. Although these estimates provide some evidence of a positive impact resulting from the CSG, they are not conclusive in showing that the cash transfers are spent mainly on improving the lives of beneficiary children, as the treatment effects are quite small.
African Stock Markets: Efficiency and Relative Predictability
Authors: Smith Graham , Dyakova Aneta 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe weak form of the efficient markets hypothesis is tested for eight African stock markets using three finite‐sample variance ratio tests. A rolling window captures short‐horizon predictability, tracks changes in predictability and is used to rank markets by relative predictability. These stock markets experience successive periods when they are predictable and then not predictable; this is consistent with the adaptive markets hypothesis. The degree of predictability varies widely: the least predictable African stock markets are those located in Egypt, South Africa and Tunisia, while the most predictable are in Kenya, Zambia and Nigeria.
GDP in the Dutch Cape Colony: The National Accounts of a Slave‐Based Society
Authors: Fourie Johan , van Zanden Jan Luiten 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNew estimates of the gross domestic product of the Dutch Cape Colony (1652‐1795) suggest that the Cape was one of the most prosperous regions during the eighteenth century. This stands in sharp contrast to the perceived view that the Cape was an “economic and social backwater,” a slave economy with slow growth and little progress. Following a national accounts framework, we find that Cape settlers' per capita income is similar to the most prosperous countries of the time – Holland and England. We trace the roots of this result, showing that it is partly explained by a highly skewed population structure and very low dependency ratio of slavery, and attempt to link the eighteenth‐century Cape Colony experience to twentieth‐century South African income levels.
A Consortium of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus parasanguinis, and Filifactor alocis Is Present in Sites Prior to Bone Loss in a Longitudinal Study of Localized Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Fine Daniel H. , Markowitz Kenneth , Fairlie Karen , Tischio-Bereski Debbie , Ferrendiz Javier , Furgang David , Paster Bruce J. , Dewhirst Floyd E. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) in African-American adolescents has been documented but is poorly understood. Two thousand fifty-eight adolescents aged 11 to 17 years were screened for their periodontal status and the presence ofA. actinomycetemcomitansin their oral cavity. Seventy-oneA. actinomycetemcomitans-negative and 63A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive periodontally healthy subjects were enrolled, sampled, examined, and radiographed yearly for 3 years. Gingival and periodontal pocket depth and attachment levels were recorded. Disease presentation was characterized by bone loss (BL). Subgingival sites were sampled every 6 months to assess (i) the role ofA. actinomycetemcomitansin BL and (ii) the association ofA. actinomycetemcomitansand other microbes in their relationships to BL. Sixteen of 63 subjects withA. actinomycetemcomitansdeveloped BL (the other 47 subjects withA. actinomycetemcomitanshad no BL). NoA. actinomycetemcomitans-negative subjects developed BL. Human oral microbe identification microarray (HOMIM) was used for subgingival microbial assessment. On a subject level, pooled data fromA. actinomycetemcomitans-positive subjects who remained healthy had higher prevalences ofStreptococcusandActinomycesspecies, whileA. actinomycetemcomitans-positive subjects with BL had higher prevalences ofParvimonas micra,Filifactor alocis,A. actinomycetemcomitans, andPeptostreptococcussp. human oral taxon 113 (HOT-113). At vulnerable sites,A. actinomycetemcomitans,Streptococcus parasanguinis, andF. alocislevels were elevated prior to BL. In cases where the three-organism consortium (versusA. actinomycetemcomitansalone) was detected, the specificity for detecting sites of future BL increased from 62% to 99%, with a sensitivity of 89%. We conclude that detecting the presence ofA. actinomycetemcomitans,S. parasanguinis, andF. alocistogether indicates sites of future BL in LAP. A synergistic interaction of this consortium in LAP causation is possible and is the subject of ongoing research.
Analysis of Inteins in the Candida parapsilosis Complex for Simple and Accurate Species Identification
Authors: Prandini Tâmara Heloísa Rocha , Theodoro Raquel Cordeiro , Bruder-Nascimento Ariane C. M. O. , Scheel Christina M. , Bagagli Eduardo 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Inteins are coding sequences that are transcribed and translated with flanking sequences and then are excised by an autocatalytic process. There are two types of inteins in fungi, mini-inteins and full-length inteins, both of which present a splicing domain containing well-conserved amino acid sequences. Full-length inteins also present a homing endonuclease domain that makes the intein a mobile genetic element. These parasitic genetic elements are located in highly conserved genes and may allow for the differentiation of closely related species of the
Candida parapsilosis
(psilosis) complex. The correct identification of the three psilosis complex species
C. parapsilosis
,
Candida metapsilosis
, and
Candida orthopsilosis
is very important in the clinical setting for improving antifungal therapy and patient care. In this work, we analyzed inteins that are present in the vacuolar ATPase gene
VMA
and in the threonyl-tRNA synthetase gene
ThrRS
in 85 strains of the
Candida
psilosis complex (46
C. parapsilosis
, 17
C. metapsilosis
, and 22
C. orthopsilosis
). Here, we describe an accessible and accurate technique based on a single PCR that is able to differentiate the psilosis complex based on the VMA intein. Although the ThrRS intein does not distinguish the three species of the psilosis complex by PCR product size, it can differentiate them by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, this intein is unusually present as both mini- and full-length forms in
C. orthopsilosis
. Additional population studies should be performed to address whether this represents a common intraspecific variability or the presence of subspecies within
C. orthopsilosis
.
Reliability of Automated Biochemical Identification of Burkholderia pseudomallei Is Regionally Dependent
Authors: Podin Yuwana , Kaestli Mirjam , McMahon Nicole , Hennessy Jann , Ngian Hie Ung , Wong Jin Shyan , Mohana Anand , Wong See Chang , William Timothy , Mayo Mark , Baird Robert W. , Currie Bart J. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Misidentifications of
Burkholderia pseudomallei
as
Burkholderia cepacia
by Vitek 2 have occurred. Multidimensional scaling ordination of biochemical profiles of 217 Malaysian and Australian
B. pseudomallei
isolates found clustering of misidentified
B. pseudomallei
isolates from Malaysian Borneo. Specificity of
B. pseudomallei
identification in Vitek 2 and potentially other automated identification systems is regionally dependent.
An Intact Sialoadhesin (Sn/SIGLEC1/CD169) Is Not Required for Attachment/Internalization of the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
Authors: Prather Randall S. , Rowland Raymond R. R. , Ewen Catherine , Trible Benjamin , Kerrigan Maureen , Bawa Bhupinder , Teson Jennifer M. , Mao Jiude , Lee Kiho , Samuel Melissa S. , Whitworth Kristin M. , Murphy Clifton N. , Egen Tina , Green Jonathan A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTSurface expression of SIGLEC1, also known as sialoadhesin or CD169, is considered a primary determinant of the permissiveness of porcine alveolar macrophages for infection by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).In vitro, the attachment and internalization of PRRSV are dependent on the interaction between sialic acid on the virion surface and the sialic acid binding domain of theSIGLEC1gene. To test the role of SIGLEC1 in PRRSV infection, aSIGLEC1gene knockout pig was created by removing part of exon 1 and all of exons 2 and 3 of theSIGLEC1gene. The resulting knockout ablated SIGLEC1 expression on the surface of alveolar macrophages but had no effect on the expression of CD163, a coreceptor for PRRSV. After infection, PRRSV viremia inSIGLEC1−/−pigs followed the same course as inSIGLEC1−/+andSIGLEC1+/+littermates. The absence of SIGLEC1 had no measurable effect on other aspects of PRRSV infection, including clinical disease course and histopathology. The results demonstrate that the expression of theSIGLEC1gene is not required for infection of pigs with PRRSV and that the absence of SIGLEC1 does not contribute to the pathogenesis of acute disease.
Characteristics and Clinical Impacts of the Immune Environments in Colorectal and Renal Cell Carcinoma Lung Metastases: Influence of Tumor Origin
Authors: Remark Romain , Alifano Marco , Cremer Isabelle , Lupo Audrey , Dieu-Nosjean Marie-Caroline , Riquet Marc , Crozet Lucile , Ouakrim Hanane , Goc Jeremy , Cazes Aurélie , Fléjou Jean-François , Gibault Laure , Verkarre Virginie , Régnard Jean-François , Pagès Olivier-Nicolas , Oudard Stéphane , Mlecnik Bernhard , Sautès-Fridman Catherine , Fridman Wolf-Herman , Damotte Diane 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Purpose: If immune cells are involved in tumor surveillance and have a prognostic impact in most primary tumors, little is known about their significance in metastases. Because patients' survival is heterogeneous, even at metastatic stages, we hypothesized that immune cells may be involved in the control of metastases. We therefore characterized the tumor immune microenvironment and its prognostic value in colorectal and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastases, and compared it to primary tumors.
Experimental Design: We analyzed by immunohistochemistry (n = 192) and qPCR (n = 32) the immune environments of colorectal carcinoma and RCC lung metastases.
Results: Metastases from colorectal carcinoma and RCC have different immune infiltrates. Higher densities of DC-LAMP+ mature dendritic cells (P &lt; 0.0001) and lower densities of NKp46+ NK cells (P &lt; 0.0001) were observed in colorectal carcinoma as compared to RCC metastases, whereas densities of T cells were similar. High densities of CD8+ and DC-LAMP+ cells correlated with longer overall survival (OS) in colorectal carcinoma (P = 0.008) and shorter OS in RCC (P &lt; 0.0001). High NK-cell densities were associated with improved survival in RCC (P = 0.002) but not in colorectal carcinoma. Densities of immune cells correlated significantly from primary to relapsing metastases for the same patient. A TH1 orientation was found in colorectal carcinoma metastases, whereas a heterogeneous immune gene expression was found in RCC metastases.
Conclusions: Our results show a major prognostic value of the immune pattern (CD8+/DC-LAMP+ cell densities) in colorectal carcinoma and RCC, reproducible from primary to metastatic tumors, although with opposite clinical impacts, and highlight the role of the tumor cell in shaping its immune environment. Clin Cancer Res; 19(15); 4079–91. ©2013 AACR.
Personalized Medicine: Through the Looking Glass of Functional Imaging
Authors: Hohl Raymond J. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Imaging techniques afford the opportunity to personalize chemotherapy delivery by prospectively determining how much of an agent is delivered to which tumor site. Drug distribution can be prescribed by altering the properties of the drug (nontechnology) or the physiology of the host (induction of alterations of blood flow). Clin Cancer Res; 19(15); 4024–6. ©2013 AACR.