bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide comparative analysis revealed significant transcriptome changes in mice after Toxoplasma gondii infection
Authors: Jia Boyin , Lu Huijun , Liu Quan , Yin Jigang , Jiang Ning , Chen Qijun 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundToxoplasma gondiiis an intracellular parasite that can modulate host responses and presumably host behavior. Host responses as well as pathogenesis vary depending on the parasite strains that are responsible for infection. In immune competent individuals,T. gondiipreferentially infects tissues of the central nervous systems (CNS), which might be an additional factor in certain psychiatric disorders. While in immune-compromised individuals and pregnant women, the parasite can cause life-threatening infections. With the availability of the genome-wide investigation platform, the global responses in gene expression of the host afterT. gondiiinfection can be systematically investigated.MethodsTotal RNA of brain tissues and peripheral lymphocytes of BALB/C mice infected with RH and ME 49 strainT. gondiias well as that of healthy mice were purified and converted to cRNA with incorporated Cy5-CTP (experimental samples), or Cy3-CTP (control samples). The labeled cRNA probes were hybridized to the Whole Mouse Genome Microarray. The impact of parasite infection on gene expression in both brain tissues and peripheral lymphocytes were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes were revalidated with real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR).ResultsData indicated that the genes associated with immunity were up-regulated after infection by the two parasite strains, but significant up-regulation was observed in both brain tissues and peripheral lymphocytes of mice infected with ME49 strain compared to that infected by RH strain. The pathways related to pathogenesis of the nervous system were more significantly up-regulated in mice infected with RH strain.ConclusionsGenetically distinctT. gondiistrains showed clear differences in modulation of host pathophysiological and immunological responses in both brain tissue and peripheral lymphocytes. It was likely that some of the host responses toT. gondiiinfection were universal, but the immune response and CNS reaction were in a strain-specific manner.
The magnetic susceptibility effect of gadolinium-based contrast agents on PRFS-based MR thermometry during thermal interventions
Authors: Hijnen Nicole M , Elevelt Aaldert , Pikkemaat Jeroen , Bos Clemens , Bartels Lambertus W , Grüll Holger 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry exploits the local magnetic field changes induced by the temperature dependence of the electron screening constant of water protons. Any other local magnetic field changes will therefore translate into incorrect temperature readings and need to be considered accordingly. Here, we investigated the susceptibility changes induced by the inflow and presence of a paramagnetic MR contrast agent and their implications on PRFS thermometry.

Methods
Phantom measurements were performed to demonstrate the effect of sudden gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) inflow on the phase shift measured using a PRFS thermometry sequence on a clinical 3 T magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) system. By proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the temperature dependence of the Gd-DTPA susceptibility was measured, as well as the effect of liposomal encapsulation and release on the bulk magnetic susceptibility of Gd-DTPA. In vivo studies were carried out to measure the temperature error induced in a rat hind leg muscle upon intravenous Gd-DTPA injection.

Results
The phantom study showed a significant phase shift inside the phantom of 0.6 ± 0.2 radians (mean ± standard deviation) upon Gd-DTPA injection (1.0 mM, clinically relevant amount). A Gd-DTPA-induced magnetic susceptibility shift of ΔχGd-DTPA = 0.109 ppm/mM was measured in a cylinder parallel to the main magnetic field at 37°C. The temperature dependence of the susceptibility shift showed dΔχGd-DTPA/dT = -0.00038 ± 0.00008 ppm/mM/°C. No additional susceptibility effect was measured upon Gd release from paramagnetic liposomes. In vivo, intravenous Gd-DTPA injection resulted in a perceived temperature change of 2.0°C ± 0.1°C at the center of the hind leg muscle.

Conclusions
The use of a paramagnetic MR contrast agent prior to MR-HIFU treatment may influence the accuracy of the PRFS MR thermometry. Depending on the treatment workflow, Gd-induced temperature errors ranging between -4°C and +3°C can be expected. Longer waiting time between contrast agent injection and treatment, as well as shortening the ablation duration by increasing the sonication power, will minimize the Gd influence. Compensation for the phase changes induced by the changing Gd presence is difficult as the magnetic field changes are arising nonlocally in the surroundings of the susceptibility change.
The Effects of the SUN Project on Teacher Knowledge and Self-Efficacy Regarding Biological Energy Transfer Are Significant and Long-Lasting: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Batiza Ann Finney , Gruhl Mary , Zhang Bo , Harrington Tom , Roberts Marisa , LaFlamme Donna , Haasch Mary Anne , Knopp Jonathan , Vogt Gina , Goodsell David , Hagedorn Eric , Marcey David , Hoelzer Mark , Nelson Dave 
Published: June 2013

Biological energy flow has been notoriously difficult to teach. Our approach to this topic relies on abiotic and biotic examples of the energy released by moving electrons in thermodynamically spontaneous reactions. A series of analogical model-building experiences was supported with common language and representations including manipulatives. These materials were designed to help learners understand why electrons move in a hydrogen explosion and hydrogen fuel cell, so they could ultimately understand the rationale for energy transfer in the mitochondrion and the chloroplast. High school biology teachers attended a 2-wk Students Understanding eNergy (SUN) workshop during a randomized controlled trial. These treatment group teachers then took hydrogen fuel cells, manipulatives, and other materials into their regular biology classrooms. In this paper, we report significant gains in teacher knowledge and self-efficacy regarding biological energy transfer in the treatment group versus randomized controls. Significant effects on treatment group teacher knowledge and self-efficacy were found not only post–SUN workshop but even 1 yr later. Teacher knowledge was measured with both a multiple-choice exam and a drawing with a written explanation. Teacher confidence in their ability to teach biological energy transfer was measured by a modified form of the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument, In-Service A. Professional development implications regarding this topic are discussed.
Randomized Open-Label Phase II Study of Decitabine in Patients With Low- or Intermediate-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Jabbour Elias , Borthakur Gautam , Faderl Stefan , Estrov Zeev , Yang Hui , Maddipoti Sirisha , Godley Lucy A. , Gabrail Nashat , Berdeja Jesus G. , Nadeem Ahmed , Kassalow Laurent , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThis open-label, randomized phase II trial assessed efficacy and tolerability of two low-dose regimens of subcutaneous (SC) decitabine in patients with low- or intermediate-1–risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).Patients and MethodsPatients received decitabine 20 mg/m2SC per day for 3 consecutive days on days 1, 2, and 3 every 28 days (schedule A) or 20 mg/m2SC per day once every 7 days on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days (schedule B) for up to 1 year. Primary efficacy end point was overall improvement rate (OIR: complete remission [CR], partial remission [PR], marrow CR [mCR], or hematologic improvement [HI]). Secondary end points were HI, transfusion independence, cytogenetic response, overall survival (OS), and time to acute myeloid leukemia or death.ResultsEfficacy and safety populations were identical: schedule A, n = 43; schedule B, n = 22. Median time from MDS diagnosis to treatment was 3.6 months; 89% had de novo MDS. The trial was terminated early on achievement of protocol-defined OIR superiority of schedule A over schedule B; OIR was 23% for schedule A (seven CRs, three HIs) and 23% for schedule B (one mCR, one PR, three HIs). No differences were observed in secondary end points. Median OS was not reached; approximately 70% of patients were alive at 500 days. Patients in schedule A (67%) and schedule B (59%) were RBC/platelet independent on study. The most frequent drug-related adverse events overall were neutropenia (28% v 36%), anemia (23% v 18%), and thrombocytopenia (16% v 32%).ConclusionIn this phase II study, low-dose decitabine showed promising results in patients with low- or intermediate-1–risk MDS.
Impact of Neonatal Screening and Surveillance for the TP53 R337H Mutation on Early Detection of Childhood Adrenocortical Tumors
Authors: Custódio Gislaine , Parise Guilherme A. , Kiesel Filho Nilton , Komechen Heloisa , Sabbaga Cesar C. , Rosati Roberto , Grisa Leila , Parise Ivy Z.S. , Pianovski Mara A.D. , Fiori Carmem M.C.M. , Ledesma Jorge A. , Barbosa José Renato S. , Figueiredo Francisco R.O. , Sade Elis R. , Ibañez Humberto , Arram Sohaila B.I. , Stinghen Sérvio T. , Mengarelli Luciano R. , Figueiredo Mirna M.O. , Carvalho Danilo C. , Avilla Sylvio G.A. , Woiski Thiago D. , Poncio Lisiane C. , Lima Geneci F.R. , Pontarolo Roberto , Lalli Enzo , Zhou Yinmei , Zambetti Gerard P. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Figueiredo Bonald C. 
Published: June 2013

Purpose The incidence of pediatric adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) is remarkably high in southern Brazil, where more than 90% of patients carry the germline TP53 mutation R337H. We assessed the impact of early detection of this mutation and of surveillance of carriers. Patients and Methods Free newborn screening was offered at all hospitals in the state of Paraná. Parents of positive newborns were tested, and relatives in the carrier line were offered screening. Positive newborns and their relatives age < 15 years were offered surveillance (periodic clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound evaluations). ACTs detected by imaging were surgically resected. Results Of 180,000 newborns offered screening, 171,649 were screened, and 461 (0.27%) were carriers. As of April 2012, ACTs had been diagnosed in 11 of these carriers but in only two neonatally screened noncarriers (P < .001); six patient cases were identified among 228 carrier relatives age < 15 years (total, 19 ACTs). Surveillance participants included 347 (49.6%) of 699 carriers. Tumors were smaller in surveillance participants (P < .001) and more advanced in nonparticipants (four with stage III disease; two deaths). Neonatally screened carriers also had neuroblastoma (n = 1), glioblastoma multiforme (n = 1), choroid plexus carcinoma (n = 2), and Burkitt lymphoma (n = 1). Cancer histories and pedigrees were obtained for 353 families that included 1,704 identified carriers. ACTs were the most frequent cancer among carrier children (n = 48). Conclusion These findings establish the prevalence of the TP53 R337H mutation in Paraná state and the penetrance of ACTs among carriers. Importantly, screening and surveillance of heterozygous carriers are effective in detecting ACTs when readily curable.
Feasibility of Long-Term Patient Self-Reporting of Toxicities From Home via the Internet During Routine Chemotherapy
Authors: Judson Timothy J. , Bennett Antonia V. , Rogak Lauren J. , Sit Laura , Barz Allison , Kris Mark G. , Hudis CliffordA. , Scher Howard I. , Sabattini Paul , Schrag Deborah , Basch Ethan 
Published: June 2013

Purpose Patient-reported outcomes are increasingly used in routine outpatient cancer care to guide clinical decisions and enhance communication. Prior evidence suggests good patient compliance with reporting at scheduled clinic visits, but there is limited evidence about compliance with long-term longitudinal reporting between visits. Patients and Methods Patients receiving chemotherapy for lung, gynecologic, genitourinary, or breast cancer at a tertiary cancer center, with access to a home computer and prior e-mail experience, were asked to self-report seven symptomatic toxicities via the Web between visits. E-mail reminders were sent to participants weekly; patient-reported high-grade toxicities triggered e-mail alerts to nurses; printed reports were provided to oncologists at visits. A priori threshold criteria were set to determine if this data collection approach merited further development based on monthly (≥ 75% participants reporting at least once per month on average) and weekly compliance rates (60% at least once per week). Results Between September 2006 and November 2010, 286 patients were enrolled (64% were women; 88% were white; median age, 58 years). Mean follow-up was 34 weeks (range, 2 to 214). On average, monthly compliance was 83%, and weekly compliance was 62%, without attrition until the month before death. Greater compliance was associated with older age and higher education but not with performance status. Compliance was greatest during the initial 12 weeks. Symptomatic illness and technical problems were rarely barriers to compliance. Conclusion Monthly compliance with home Web reporting was high, but weekly compliance was lower, warranting strategies to enhance compliance in routine care settings.
Diarylethene Nanorods: Preparation, Crystal Structure, and Photochromic Properties
Authors: Tagawa Norio , Masuhara Akito , Okada Shuji , Katagiri Hiroshi , Onodera Tsunenobu , Kasai Hitoshi , Oikawa Hidetoshi 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Diarylethene nanorods have been fabricated through the reprecipitation method by using cis-1,2-dicyano-1,2-bis(2,4,5-trimethyl-3-thienyl)ethene (CMTE), and their crystal structure and photochromic properties have been investigated. Through the addition of a surfactant, CMTE formed nanorods during the reprecipitation process. The crystal structure of the CMTE nanorods was investigated as well as that of the bulk crystals. In addition, the CMTE nanorods exhibited photochromism.
Unique, Fast, and All-or-none Click Reaction on Cyclodextrin and Amylose
Authors: Yamamura Hatsuo , Shimohara Kyohei , Kurata Ryuji , Fujita Yusuke , Murata Kensuke , Hayashi Takaaki , Miyagawa Atsushi 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The chemical polymodification of cyclodextrins and amyloses proceeded quickly with use of the microwave-assisted Huisgen reaction in an all-or-none fashion without the formation of less-modified by-products.
Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified with DNA or Poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Hayashida Takuya , Kawashima Takuya , Nii Daisuke , Ozasa Kazunari , Umemura Kazuo 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) of DNA–single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) hybrids was performed for the first time. KPFM images indicated that the hybrids had a negative surface potential relative to a Au–Pd alloy surface. In contrast, the surface potential of SWNTs modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG–SWNTs) was positive even after they were wrapped by DNA. Modification with covalent bonding may have a significant effect on the potential. The results suggest a possible way to distinguish variously modified SWNTs through KPFM observation.
Effects of the 13-Keto Group in the E-Ring of Zinc Chlorophyll Derivatives on Demetalation Kinetics under Acidic Conditions
Authors: Saga Yoshitaka , Maruko Akane , Sadaoka Kana , Takahashi Naoya 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Zinc methyl 131-deoxopyropheophorbide a, which lacked the 131-oxo group in the exo five-membered E-ring, exhibited faster demetalation kinetics than zinc methyl pyropheophorbide a under acidic conditions, indicating that the 13-keto group of chlorophyllous pigments was responsible for resistance against removal of the central metal from the chlorin macrocycle.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Silver Shells on Gold Nanorods in Potassium Chloride and Phosphate Buffer Solutions
Authors: Hamasaki Yuki , Nakashima Naotoshi , Niidome Yasuro 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation of silver shells on gold nanorods was examined using in situ spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The oxidation, in a phosphate buffer solution, was suppressed because of the formation of Ag3PO4. In contrast, oxidation in a KCl solution occurred at the corners of the nanorods and proceeded until giving gold nanorods without silver shells. After the 10-s electrolysis, nanoparticles with different shapes were found on the electrode. The inhomogeneous oxidation was due to rapid oxidation of the silver shells and occasional contact of the nanorods with the electrode surfaces.
Synthetic Study of Presilphiperfolan-8-ol: Construction of the Tricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undecane Framework Utilizing Intramolecular Aldol Condensation and McMurry Coupling
Authors: Kobayashi Toyoharu , Shiroi Hidenori , Abe Hideki , Ito Hisanaka 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The tricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undecane framework of presilphiperfolan-8-ol, tricyclic sesquiterpene alcohol was constructed by intramolecular aldol condensation and the McMurry coupling from two types of diketone compounds, which were obtained from (+)-pulegone through a five-step process. This synthetic route does not require the use of any protective groups.
Tandem N-Alkylation–Addition Reaction of α-Aldimino Ester and Application to a New Flow System
Authors: Sano Takanori , Mizota Isao , Shimizu Makoto 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
N-Alkylation of α-imino ester derived from ethyl glyoxylate proceeded to give an aluminum enolate that reacted with aldehydes to give 1,2-amino alcohols in good yields. This kind of N-alkylation–addition reaction proceeds efficiently by the use of a new flow system consisting of connected two microreactors.
Electron Spectroscopy of Ultrathin Cycloalkane Films on Graphite (0001): Molecular Orbitals, Conformation, and Orientation
Authors: Yamazaki Shunya , Matsumoto Keiji , Ozaki Hiroyuki , Endo Osamu , Ogino Kenji , Tsuchiya Kousuke , Hasegawa Masashi , Mazaki Yasuhiro 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The electronic structures, conformation, and orientation of cyclooctatetracontane were studied by ultraviolet photoelectron and metastable atom electron spectroscopy for ultrathin films prepared on cooled graphite (0001) surfaces. It was found that molecules in a long and thin rectangular form are laid flat with the long sides placed with edge-on orientation up to room temperature. The local electron distributions of molecular orbitals were probed outside the edge-on surface for the first time. The geometric structures are consistent with the STM image.
Cognitive Flexibility Among Individuals With Down Syndrome: Assessing the Influence of Verbal and Nonverbal Abilities
Authors: Campbell Colin , Landry Oriane , Russo Natalie , Flores Heidi , Jacques Sophie , Burack Jacob A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe influences of verbal mental age (VMA) and performance mental age (PMA) on cognitive flexibility were examined among a group of participants with Down syndrome (DS), in order to disentangle the relative contributions of each. The impaired cognitive flexibility typically observed among individuals with DS in combination with uneven VMA and PMA development suggests an opportunity to further understand the developmental relationship between VMA, PMA, and cognitive flexibility. We examined the performance of 22 participants with DS on the Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST), used for measuring cognitive flexibility among preschoolers. Partial correlations revealed that only VMA was related to the FIST after controlling for PMA, highlighting the role of verbal abilities in the development of cognitive flexibility.
Successful Implementation of a Neonatal Pain and Sedation Protocol at 2 NICUs
Authors: Deindl Philipp , Unterasinger Lukas , Kappler Gregor , Werther Tobias , Czaba Christine , Giordano Vito , Frantal Sophie , Berger Angelika , Pollak Arnold , Olischar Monika 
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the implementation of a neonatal pain and sedation protocol at 2 ICUs.

METHODS:
The intervention started with the evaluation of local practice, problems, and staff satisfaction. We then developed and implemented the Vienna Protocol for Neonatal Pain and Sedation. The protocol included well-defined strategies for both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions based on regular assessment of a translated version of the Neonatal Pain Agitation and Sedation Scale and titration of analgesic and sedative therapy according to aim scores. Health care staff was trained in the assessment by using a video-based tutorial and bedside teaching. In addition, we performed reevaluation, retraining, and random quality checks. Frequency and quality of assessments, pharmacologic therapy, duration of mechanical ventilation, and outcome were compared between baseline (12 months before implementation) and 12 months after implementation.

RESULTS:
Cumulative median (interquartile range) opiate dose (baseline dose of 1.4 [0.5–5.9] mg/kg versus intervention group dose of 2.7 [0.4–57] mg/kg morphine equivalents; P = .002), pharmacologic interventions per episode of continuous sedation/analgesia (4 [2–10] vs 6 [2–13]; P = .005), and overall staff satisfaction (physicians: 31% vs 89%; P &lt; .001; nurses: 17% vs 55%; P &lt; .001) increased after implementation. Time on mechanical ventilation, length of stay at the ICU, and adverse outcomes were similar before and after implementation.

CONCLUSIONS:
Implementation of a neonatal pain and sedation protocol at 2 ICUs resulted in an increase in opiate prescription, pharmacologic interventions, and staff satisfaction without affecting time on mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care stay, and adverse outcomes.
Using Otoacoustic Emissions to Screen Young Children for Hearing Loss in Primary Care Settings
Authors: Foust Terry , Eiserman William , Shisler Lenore , Geroso Amy 
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVES:
Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) technology, used widely in newborn hearing screening programs and validated by professional organizations as a reliable and objective tool, is beginning to be recognized as superior to subjective methods when screening young children in a variety of settings. This study examines the efficacy of integrating OAE hearing screening into services routinely provided in health care settings.

METHODS:
Three federally funded clinics serving low-income and uninsured people in a metropolitan area participated in the 10-month study. Subjects included 846 children (842 in the target population &lt;5 years of age and 4 older siblings) who were screened during routine visits to their primary care providers using a distortion product OAE instrument. A multistep screening and diagnostic protocol, incorporating middle ear evaluation and treatment, was followed when children did not pass the initial screening. Audiological evaluation was sought for children not passing a subsequent OAE screening.

RESULTS:
Of the 846 children screened, 814 (96%) ultimately passed the screening or audiological assessment and 29 (3%) exited the study. Three children (1 was &lt;5 years of age and 2 were &gt;5) were identified with permanent hearing loss.

CONCLUSIONS:
The rate of identification of permanent hearing loss in this study is similar to findings from a study of OAE screening in early childhood educational settings. OAE screening holds the potential for being an effective method for helping to identify young children with permanent hearing loss in primary care settings.