bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential nanomedicinal applications and physicochemical nature of Hyphaene thebaica‐reduced nano‐samaria
Authors: Mohamed Hamza Elsayed Ahmad , Khalil Ali Talha , Hkiri Khaoula , Ayaz Muhammad , Usman Assad , Sadiq Abdul , Ullah Farhat , Khan Muhammad Arif , Ullah Ikram , Maaza Malik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHerein we described the biofabrication of samarium oxide nanoparticles (HT‐Sm2O3 NPs) by applying the aqueous fruit extract of Hyphaene thebaica was utilized as an eco‐friendly chelating agent. The prepared NPs were subjected to various physicochemical properties and potential in biomedical applications. X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern revealed sharp peaks that corroborated with the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) card no. 00–042‐1464. Crystallite size obtained from Debye–Scherrer approximation and Williamson–Hall (W–H) plot was 28.73 and 69.3 nm, respectively. Optical bandgap was calculated by employing Kubelka–Munk (K–M) function and was found to be ~4.58 eV. Raman shift was observed at 121, 351, 424—, and 561 cm−1. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra revealed two major peaks positioned at 360 and 540 nm. The high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) analysis of HT‐Sm2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) showed that they predominantly have spherical to cuboidal shapes. Additionally, the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern presented spotty rings, indicating a high level of crystallinity in these NPs. The potential nanomedicine applications were studied using diverse bioassays using different treatments. The antioxidant activity demonstrated 45.71% ± 1.13% inhibition at 1000 μg/mL. Brine shrimp lethality assay revealed the highest cytotoxicity of 46.67% ± 3.33% at 1000 μg/mL and LC50 value of 1081 μg/mL. HT‐Sm2O3 NPs exhibited inhibition of angiogenesis (20.41% ± 1.18%) at of 1000 μg/mL. MTT assay results indicated that HT‐Sm2O3 NPs exhibit inhibitory effects on cell lines. Specifically, these NPs showed an IC50 value of 104.6 μg/mL against 3T3 cells. Against MCF‐7 cells, the NPs demonstrated an IC50 value of 413.25 μg/mL. Additionally, in the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the newly synthesized NPs showed an IC50 value of 320 μg/mL. The antidiabetic assessment through α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibition assays revealed, an IC50 value of 380 μg/mL for α‐glucosidase and 952 μg/mL for α‐amylase was calculated. Overall, our study suggested that the Sm2O3 NPs possess moderate anticancer, cholinesterase inhibition, and antidiabetic potential, however, needs further assessment.Research Highlights
In this work, nano‐samaria is synthesized using an eco‐friendly and green approach.
The nanoparticles were characterized using techniques such as Raman, HR‐TEM, FTIR, DRS, XRD, and so on, and the applications were studied using multiple in vitro bioassays for Diabetes, Alzheimer, and Cancer.
The nano‐samaria revealed good potential for potential biomedical applications.
COVID‐19 vaccine mistrust, health literacy, conspiracy theories, and racial discrimination among a representative ethnically diverse sample in Canada: The vulnerability of Arab, Asian, Black, and Indigenous peoples
Authors: Cénat Jude Mary , Moshirian Farahi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi , Dalexis Rose Darly , Caulley Lisa , Xu Yan , Beogo Idrissa , Pongou Roland 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections and higher rates of COVID‐19‐related complications, racialized and Indigenous communities in Canada have lower immunization uptake compared to White individuals. However, there is woeful lack of data on predictors of COVID‐19 vaccine mistrust (VM) that accounts for diverse social and cultural contexts within specific racialized and Indigenous communities. Therefore, we sought to characterize COVID‐19 VM among Arab, Asian, Black, and Indigenous communities in Canada. An online survey was administered to a nationally representative, ethnically diverse panel of participants in October 2023. Arabic, Asian, Indigenous, and Black respondents were enriched in the sampling panel. Data were collected on demographics, COVID‐19 VM, experience of racial discrimination, health literacy, and conspiracy beliefs. We used descriptive and regression analyses to determine the extent and predictors of COVID‐19 VM among racialized and Indigenous individuals. All racialized respondents had higher VM score compared to White participants. Among 4220 respondents, we observed highest VM among Black individuals (12.18; ±4.24), followed by Arabic (12.12; ±4.60), Indigenous (11.84; ±5.18), Asian (10.61; ±4.28), and White (9.58; ±5.00) participants. In the hierarchical linear regression analyses, Black participants, women, everyday racial discrimination, and major experience of discrimination were positively associated with COVID‐19 VM. Effects of racial discrimination were mediated by addition of conspiracy beliefs to the model. Racialized and Indigenous communities experience varying levels of COVID‐19 VM and carry specific predictors and mediators to development of VM. This underscores the intricate interaction between race, gender, discrimination, and VM that need to be considered in future vaccination campaigns.
Deciphering the Mechanisms and Biotechnological Implications of Nanoparticle Synthesis Through Microbial Consortia
Authors: Singh Vandana , Pandit Chetan , Pandit Soumya , Roy Arpita , Rustagi Sarvesh , Awwad Nasser S. , Ibrahium Hala A. , Anand Jigisha , Malik Sumira , Yadav Krishna Kumar , Tambuwala Murtaza 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTNanomaterial synthesis is a growing study area because of its extensive range of uses. Nanoparticles' high surface‐to‐volume ratio and rapid interaction with various particles make them appealing for diverse applications. Traditional physical and chemical methods for creating metal nanoparticles are becoming outdated because they involve complex manufacturing processes, high energy consumption, and the formation of harmful by‐products that pose major dangers to human health and the environment. Therefore, there is an increasing need to find alternative, cost‐effective, dependable, biocompatible, and environmentally acceptable ways of producing nanoparticles. The process of synthesizing nanoparticles using microbes has become highly intriguing because of their ability to create nanoparticles of varying sizes, shapes, and compositions, each with unique physicochemical properties. Microbes are commonly used in nanoparticle production because they are easy to work with, can use low‐cost materials, such as agricultural waste, are cheap to scale up, and can adsorb and reduce metal ions into nanoparticles through metabolic activities. Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles provides a clean, nontoxic, ecologically friendly, and sustainable method using renewable ingredients for reducing metals and stabilizing nanoparticles. Nanomaterials produced by bacteria can serve as an effective pollution control method due to their many functional groups that can effectively target contaminants for efficient bioremediation, aiding in environmental cleanup. At the end of the paper, we will discuss the obstacles that hinder the use of biosynthesized nanoparticles and microbial‐based nanoparticles. The paper aims to explore the sustainability of microorganisms in the burgeoning field of green nanotechnology.
Enhanced enchondroma detection from x‐ray images using deep learning: A step towards accurate and cost‐effective diagnosis
Authors: Aydin Şimşek Şafak , Aydin Ayhan , Say Ferhat , Cengiz Tolgahan , Özcan Caner , Öztürk Mesut , Okay Erhan , Özkan Korhan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the automated detection of enchondromas, benign cartilage tumors, from x‐ray images using deep learning techniques. Enchondromas pose diagnostic challenges due to their potential for malignant transformation and overlapping radiographic features with other conditions. Leveraging a data set comprising 1645 x‐ray images from 1173 patients, a deep‐learning model implemented with Detectron2 achieved an accuracy of 0.9899 in detecting enchondromas. The study employed rigorous validation processes and compared its findings with the existing literature, highlighting the superior performance of the deep learning approach. Results indicate the potential of machine learning in improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing healthcare costs associated with advanced imaging modalities. The study underscores the significance of early and accurate detection of enchondromas for effective patient management and suggests avenues for further research in musculoskeletal tumor detection.
Preparative separation of the constituents from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves by a combination of multi‐stage solvent extraction and countercurrent chromatography
Authors: Liu Zhuo , Tian Peng , Li Luqi , Guo Jinxing , Zhou Yi , Liu Shuhui , Yang Zhi 
Published: July 2024

In this study, we employed a combination approach for the preparative separation of constituents from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves. It involved multi‐stage solvent extractions utilizing two‐phase multi‐solvent systems and countercurrent chromatography (CCC) separations using three different solvent systems. The n‐heptane/ethyl acetate/water (1:1:2, v/v) and n‐heptane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (HepEMWat, 7:3:7:3, v/v) solvent systems were screened out as extraction systems. The polarities of the upper and lower phases in the multi‐solvent systems were adjustable, enabling the effectively segmented separation of complex constituents in G. biloba L. The segmented products were subsequently directly utilized as samples and separated using CCC with the solvent systems acetate/n‐butanol/water (4:1:5, v/v), HepEMWat (5:5:5:5, v/v), and HepEMWat (9:1:9:1, v/v), respectively. As a result, a total of 11 compounds were successfully isolated and identified from a 2 g methanol extract of G. biloba L through two‐stage extraction and three CCC separation processes; among them, nine compounds exhibited high‐performance liquid chromatography purity exceeding 85%.
LOXL2 in non‐alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): Insights into fibrosis pathogenesis and therapeutic potential
Authors: Immanuel Joys Rachel , Kumar Rajnish , Agrahari Ashish Kumar , Asthana Shailendra 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLiver fibrosis involves increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, with lysyl oxidase‐like 2 (LOXL2) emerging as a key player due to its upregulation in fibrotic tissue. As a member of the lysyl oxidase protein family, LOXL2 contributes to ECM accumulation and remodelling through fibre cross‐linking. Its aberrant expression in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) implicates it in liver fibrosis. LOXL2 promotes fibrosis by activating hepatic stellate cells, cross‐linking ECM proteins, and influencing oxidative stress, inflammation and lipid metabolism. Preclinical studies on LOXL2 inhibitors show promise in reducing fibrosis and improving liver function. Ongoing clinical trials further highlight LOXL2 as a potential anti‐fibrotic target. However, challenges such as species differences, tissue‐specific effects and the complexity of NASH pathogenesis require additional research. Understanding LOXL2's role in NASH will aid in developing effective treatments for NASH‐related fibrosis and liver damage.
The beneficial hepatic effects of glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists in patients with diabetes and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease are independent of weight loss
Authors: Forlano Roberta , Malik Huma , Mullish Benjamin H. , Yee Michael , Izzi‐Engbeaya Chioma , Manousou Pinelopi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. Despite resmetirom being recently approved for treatingnon‐cirrhotic MASH patients in the United States of America (but not elsewhere), weight loss and lifestyle remain the first line and mainstay for treating the condition. Glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) have shown promise in MASLD treatment, as they promote significant weight loss.AimsIn this study, we assessed the effect of long‐term GLP‐1 therapy on liver disease severity in a cohort of patients with Type 2 diabetes and MASLD.Materials and methodsIn this retrospective observational study, we included all new MASLD patients seen in the liver clinic (Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust) from January 2010 to May 2022. Demographic, anthropometric and clinical data were collected at baseline and at the most recent follow‐up.Results779 patients were included. Among those with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n = 335), 94 (28%) were prescribed a GLP‐1RA for a median period of 38 (1–171.2) months. In those on GLP‐1RA, there was a significant improvement in BMI (33.1 vs. 34.9 kg/m2, p = 0.005), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (37 vs. 58 IU/L, p = 0.009), HbA1c (58 vs. 61 mmol/lL, p = 0.006) and CAP score (331 vs. 354 dB/m, p = 0.0001) at the end of follow‐up. Finally, among those who were treated with GLP‐1RA, 37 patients had <5% weight loss over a median of 38 (10–134) months. In this group, there was also a significant reduction in ALT (32 vs. 58 IU/L, p = 0.0001), AST (30 vs. 36 IU/L, p = 0.004) and CAP score (329 vs. 349 dB/m, p = 0.05) compared with those who lost >5% weight. In this real‐life cohort of patients with diabetes and MASLD, treatment with GLP‐1RA was associated with greater weight loss and hepatic fat reduction. Of note, a reduction in fat content was observed also in those who did not lose weight.ConclusionTreatment with GLP‐1RA should be favoured when treating patients with co‐existing diabetes and MASLD.
Sustainable Low‐Alcohol Beer Production by Combination of Membrane Osmotic Distillation and Pervaporation
Authors: Esteras‐Saz Javier , Maach Amina , de la Iglesia Óscar , Fumanal Antonio J. , Kumakiri Izumi , Téllez Carlos , Coronas Joaquín 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMembrane osmotic distillation (OD) is applied in this work for the partial dealcoholization of beer (5.2 v/v% alcohol content) to diminish its ethanol content by around 50% giving rise to a low alcohol beer. A compromise is sought between the low alcoholic degree achieved and beer sensory properties. Moreover, the feasibility of the membrane OD process intensification is studied thanks to its combination with membrane pervaporation (PV). Two successive PV stages, one hydrophobic and the other hydrophilic, allow the production of recycled water (with less than 0.5 wt% ethanol) for the membrane OD operation and bioethanol (99% ethanol) as valuable byproduct.
Fractional operators with homogeneous kernel on the Calderón product of Morrey spaces
Authors: Salim Daniel , Hakiki Moch. Taufik , Sawano Yoshihiro , Hakim Denny Ivanal , Jamaludin Muhamad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe investigate fractional operators with homogeneous kernel in Morrey spaces. In particular, we prove that fractional integral operators and fractional maximal operators with homogeneous kernel are bounded from the Calderón product of Morrey spaces to certain Morrey spaces. Our results can be seen as a generalization of a recent result on the relation between the boundedness of (classical) fractional operators and interpolation of Morrey spaces. What is new about this paper is not only the passage from the classical fractional integral operators to the rough integral operators. Even the case of fractional integral operators, handled in earlier papers, is significantly simplified.
A General Approach for Photo‐Oxidative Degradation of Various Polymers
Authors: Michelas Maxime , Wimberger Laura , Boyer Cyrille 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe escalating demand for plastics has resulted in a surge of plastic waste worldwide, posing a monumental environmental challenge. To address this issue, a versatile photo‐oxidative degradation method applicable to seven distinct polymer families is proposed, comprising poly(isobutyl vinyl ether) (PIBVE), poly(2,3‐dihydrofuran) (PDHF), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), poly(n‐butyl acrylate) (PBA), poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(dimethyl acrylamide) (PDMA), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate) (PEGMEA), and even poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). This method employs photo‐mediated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) followed by oxidation to promote polymer degradation. This reaction is carried out under aerobic condition in the presence of iron trichloride (FeCl3) as a photocatalyst in combination with low‐intensity purple light irradiation. The process can degrade up to 97% of the polymer in less than 3 h. This degradation process can be easily controlled by switching the light off, which allows for precise modulation of the degradation rate, enhancing the effectiveness of the method. Overall, this method provides a sustainable method for degrading various polymer types with low energy input.
High Strength UV‐Resistant Composite Film of Fe3+‐Coordination Lignin/PVA
Authors: Zhang Xin , Qiao Shanpeng , Zhang Hong , Wang Bo , Zeng Xu , Ren Bo , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe literature on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films is extensive, however, these methods often necessitate intricate synthesis processes or the addition of plasticizers to modify the strength and water solubility of the PVA material. A high‐strength UV radiation‐resistant composite film by chelating Fe3+ with lignin and PVA, which exhibits excellent hydrolysis resistance is developed. This composite film is prepared simply by incorporating a small amount of dealkalized lignin (APPL) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) into PVA through a straightforward composite process. During the scanning test, it is noted that the film exhibits a high density of uniformly dispersed particles, endowing it with efficient ultraviolet absorption capabilities. The infrared and anti‐dissolution tests reveal that the coordination of Fe3+ with lignin imparts an outstanding hydrolysis resistance to the film, obviating the need for any extender, curing agent, acid or base. The tensile fracture strength reaches an impressive 187.81Mpa in the tensile test. UV and indicator card tests unequivocally demonstrate that the film achieves a remarkable 100% anti‐UV efficiency. This Fe3+ chelated lignin/PVA composite film, with its facile preparation, environmental sustainability, high strength, and outstanding anti‐ultraviolet efficiency, can be deployed across diverse applications requiring robust protection against ultraviolet radiation.
Detection of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis based on the Stroop‐CN model (NCRCID‐CHESS 2106): a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Liu Shanghao , Guo Ying , Zu Hongmei , Xiang Huiling , Yang Shaoqi , Zhang Xiaoning , Meng Fanping , Bianba Yangzhen , Li Jie , Liu Fei , Lei Chuang , Lv Jiaojian , Yang Qiao‐hua , Fu Wei , Ye Wei , Chen Jiafang , Gao Yanjing , Wu Caiyun , Wang Ningning , Zheng Qi , Wang Fang , Yu Jiali , Wang Jing , Yang Xiaoting , Wang Xiangmei , Liu Yayuan , Zhao Xuelan , Wu Chenxi , Gou Wei , Bajaj Jasmohan S. , Wang Fu‐Sheng , Fu Junliang , Qi Xiaolong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMinimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) has a substantial impact on the clinical outcomes and quality of life (QOL) of patients with cirrhosis. However, timely diagnosis and intervention are challenging due to sophisticated diagnostic methods. In this study, 673 healthy controls and 905 patients with cirrhosis were screened, and 660 healthy controls and 757 patients with cirrhosis, divided into the test (292 patients) and validation (465 patients) cohort, were analyzed after screening. A diagnostic model of the Stroop test (Stroop‐CN) was constructed by multivariate linear regression based on the results of healthy controls. The prevalence of MHE and the comparison results with psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score through the Stroop‐CN model were stable in the test and validation cohorts. Moreover, the prevalence of MHE remained significantly higher in patients with worse disease conditions marked as high Child–Pugh grades and the Model for End‐stage Liver Disease and Sodium (MELD‐Na) scores in the test and validation cohort. The EuroQol 5‐D questionnaire revealed that patients with MHE had a worse QOL than those without MHE both in the test and validation cohort. In conclusion, an easy and practical Stroop‐CN model for MHE diagnosis based on the EncephalApp is established. It is found that a considerable number of Chinese patients with cirrhosis experience MHE, which significantly impacts their QOL.
Single‐cell atlas of peripheral blood by CyTOF revealed peripheral blood immune cells metabolic alterations and neutrophil changes in intracranial aneurysm rupture
Authors: Ya Xiaolong , Liu Chenglong , Ma Long , Ge Peicong , Xu Xiaoxue , Zheng Zhiyao , Mou Siqi , Wang Rong , Zhang Qian , Ye Xun , Zhang Dong , Zhang Yan , Wang Wenjing , Li Hao , Zhao Jizong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have found that the peripheral immune environment is closely related to the occurrence and development of intracranial aneurysms. However, it remains unclear how the metabolism of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the composition of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) changes in the process of intracranial aneurysm rupture. This study utilized cytometry by time of flight technology to conduct single‐cell profiling analysis of PBMCs and PMNs from 72 patients with IAs. By comparing the expression differences of key metabolic enzymes in PBMCs between patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIAs) and unruptured intracranial aneurysms, we found that most PBMCs subsets from RIA group showed upregulation of rate‐limiting enzymes related to the glycolytic pathway. By comparing the composition of PMNs, it was found that the proinflammatory CD101+HLA DR+ subsets were increased in the RIA group, accompanied by a decrease in the anti‐inflammatory polymorphonuclear myeloid‐derived suppressor cells. In conclusion, this study showed the changes in the peripheral immune profile of RIAs, which is helpful for our understanding of the mechanisms underlying peripheral changes and provides a direction for future related research.