bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochronology of the Dong Tso Ophiolite and the Tectonic Environment
Authors: LI Jianfeng , XIA Bin , XIA Lianze , XU Lifeng , LIU Weiliang , CAI Zhourong , YANG Zhiqing 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe wedge shaped Dong Tso ophiolitic block is distributed near the transition point from the western to the middle sub–belt of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone. The ophiolite is characterized by well–developed cumulate rocks that are mainly composed of cumulate and massive gabbros. In the cumulate gabbros, the adcumulate amphiboles are distributed extensively around the plagioclase and residual pyroxene grains; hence, the rocks are named adcumulate amphibole–gabbro. In this study, the formation age of the ophiolite has been estimated to be 166 ± 4 million years (Ma) by the sensitive high–resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) II U–Pb isotopic analysis of the zircons from the adcumulate amphibole–gabbro; the 40Ar/39Ar plateau age was estimated to be 148.19 ± 1.53 Ma, which should represent the emplacement time of the ophiolite, by isotopic dating of the pure amphibole mineral from the amphibole–schist. Two different suits of volcanic lavas have been recognized in this work. The purple colored pillow basalts have high TiO2 and P2O5 contents, and are rich in light rare earth elements (LREEs), large–ion lithospheric elements (LILEs) and high–field–strength elements (HFSEs), the characteristics that are the typical of the oceanic island basalt (OIB). On the other hand, other massive basaltic andesites of celadon color are poor in MgO; rich in Fe2O3, LREEs, LILEs, and HFSEs; and especially characterized by negative Nb and Ta anomalies, the properties that establish the andesites as continental arc volcanic rocks. It is concluded that hotspots had developed in the old Dong Tso basin, the oceanic basin that had been developing from middle Jurassic (166 Ma) or even before and emplaced northward in late Jurassic (about 148 Ma).
First Evidence of Lamprophyric Magmatism from the Konya Region, Turkey: a Genetic Link to High‐K Volcanism
Authors: ASAN Kürşad , ERTÜRK M. Ali 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn the vicinity of Konya (Turkey), mafic, micro‐porphyritic sub‐volcanic rocks intrude into the Mesozoic units, which represents the only example of such a rock type in the region. 40Ar/39Ar dating of two whole rock samples from the sub‐volcanics gave ages of 13.72±0.13 and 12.40±0.11 Ma, suggesting temporal association to the Late Miocene‐Pliocene high‐K calc‐alkaline volcanism in the region. The mineral chemistry and geochemical data permit us to classify the rocks as “minette” lamprophyres. They include diopside and phlogopite phenocrysts in a microcrystalline groundmass composed of sanidine, phlogopite, diopside and titano‐magnetite. Segregation and ocelli‐like globular structures occur commonly in the samples. In terms of major elements, the lamprophyres are calcalkaline, and potassic to ultrapotassic rocks. All the lamprophyres display strong enrichments in LILE (Rb, Ba, K, Sr), radiogenic elements (Th, U) and LREE (La, Ce) and prominent negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies on primordial mantle‐normalized trace element diagrams. Geochemical data suggest that the lamprophyres and high‐K calc‐alkaline rocks in the region derived from a subduction‐modified lithospheric mantle source affected by different metasomatic events. Lamprophyric magmatism sourced phlogopite‐bearing veins generated by sediment‐related metasomatism via subduction, but high‐K calc‐alkaline magmas are possibly derived from a mantle source affected by fluid‐rich metasomatism.
Rb‐Sr Dating of Pyrite and Quartz Fluid Inclusions and Origin of Ore‐forming Materials of the Jinshan Gold Deposit, Northeast Jiangxi Province, South China
Authors: MAO Guangzhou , HUA Renmin , LONG Guangming , LU Huijuan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Jinshan gold deposit is located in the Northeast Jiangxi province, South China, which related to the ductile shear zone. It contains two ore types, i.e. the alteration‐type ore and the gold‐bearing quartz vein ore. Rb‐Sr age dating is applied to both gold‐bearing pyrite in the alteration‐type ore and fluid inclusion in the gold‐bearing quartz vein to make clear the time of the gold mineralization of the Jinshan deposit. Analytical results of this study yielded that the age of the alteration‐type ore bodies is about 838±110Ma, with an initial 87Sr/86Sr value of 0.7045±0.0020. However, the age of the gold‐bearing quartz vein‐type ore is about 379±49Ma, and the initial 87Sr/86Sr is 0.7138±0.0011. Based on the age data from this work and many previous studies, the authors consider that the Jinshan gold deposit is a product of multi‐staged mineralization, which may include the Jinninian, Caledonian, Hercynian, and Yanshanian Periods. Among them, the Jinninian Period and the Hercynian Period might be the two most important ore‐forming periods for Jinshan deposit. The Jinninian Period is the main stage for the formation of alteration‐type ore bodies, while the Hercynian Period is the major time for ore bodies of gold‐bearing quartz vein type. The initial values of the 87Sr/86Sr from this study, as well as the previous isotope and trace element studies, indicate that the ore‐forming materials mainly derived from the metamorphic wall rocks, and the ore‐forming fluids mainly originated from the deep metamorphic water.
Geochemical Characters of Water Coproduced with Coalbed Gas and Shallow Groundwater in Liulin Coalfield of China
Authors: YANG Mei , JU Yiwen , LIU Guijian , TONG Li , KANG Yu , HOU Quanlin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTo reveal the geochemical characters of water coproduced with coalbed gas and shallow groundwater, water samples were collected from 12 wells of coalbed methane and 7 wells of shallow groundwater. The pH, CODMn? fCO2, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, and concentrations of metasilicic acid, sodium and kalium, calcium ion, magnesium ion, ammonium iron, bicarbonate ion, carbonate, chloride, sulfate ion, nitrate ion, fluoride, lithium, zinc, nickel, manganese, iron, boron, barium, etc. of the samples were measured. Research results showed the following: (1) Concentrations of TDS, chloride, fluoride, sodium and kalium, ammonium, iron, and barium in the water coproduced with coalbed gas exceeded the national standards of China; however, physical, chemical, and biological properties of shallow groundwater could meet the national standard. (2) The water produced from coalbed contained mainly Na–Cl·HCO3, with average TDS of 4588.5 ppm, whereas shallow groundwater contained a mixture of chemicals including Na·Mg·Ca‐HCO3·SO4 and Na·Mg‐HCO3·SO4, with average TDS of 663.8 ppm. (3) In general, it was observed that bicarbonate and sodium accumulated in a reducing environment and deeper system, while depletion of hydrogen ions and dissolution of sulfate, calcium, and magnesium occurred in a redox environment and shallow system. (4) Sodium and kalium, ammonium, chloride, and bicarbonate ions were the main ions found in the study area.
Prehospital Research in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Establishing Research Tenets
Authors: Mould‐Millman Nee‐Kofi , Sasser Scott M. , Wallis Lee A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPrehospital care constitutes an important link in the continuum of emergency care and confers a survival benefit to injured and ill persons. As development of acute and emergency care in sub‐Saharan Africa expands, there is a strong need to improve the delivery of prehospital care to help relieve the overwhelming regional morbidity and mortality attributable to time‐sensitive, life‐threatening conditions. Effective research is integral to prehospital care development, as it helps quantify the need for prehospital care and tests effective solutions. Unfortunately, there is limited consensus guiding such research in the low‐resource nations of sub‐Saharan Africa that face unique challenges. This article aims to assimilate the current pertinent literature to demonstrate research success stories and challenges, and ultimately to build on previous efforts to establish prehospital research priorities for sub‐Saharan Africa. Region‐specific obstacles hindering prehospital research include the lack of epidemiologic data on emergency conditions, the underdevelopment of in‐hospital emergency care, confusing prehospital terminology, poorly defined prehospital research priorities, the lack of qualified local prehospital researchers, and a poor understanding of local prehospital care systems. Solutions are offered to overcome each challenge by building on previous recommendations, by proposing new guiding principles, and by identifying areas where further consensus‐building is needed. These guiding principles and suggestions are designed to steer discussions and output from future global health meetings targeted at improving prehospital research and development in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Global Health and Emergency Care: A Resuscitation Research Agenda—Part 1
Authors: Aufderheide Tom P. , Nolan Jerry P. , Jacobs Ian G. , van Belle Gerald , Bobrow Bentley J. , Marshall John , Finn Judith , Becker Lance B. , Bottiger Bernd , Cameron Peter , Drajer Saul , Jung Julianna J. , Kloeck Walter , Koster Rudolph W. , Huei‐Ming Ma Matthew , Shin Sang Do , Sopko George , Taira Breena R. , Timerman Sergio , Eng Hock Ong Marcus 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAt the 2013 Academic Emergency Medicine global health consensus conference, a breakout session on a resuscitation research agenda was held. Two articles focusing on cardiac arrest and trauma resuscitation are the result of that discussion. This article describes the burden of disease and outcomes, issues in resuscitation research, and global trends in resuscitation research funding priorities. Globally, cardiovascular disease and trauma cause a high burden of disease that receives a disproportionately smaller research investment. International resuscitation research faces unique ethical challenges. It needs reliable baseline statistics regarding quality of care and outcomes; data linkages between providers; reliable and comparable national databases; and an effective, efficient, and sustainable resuscitation research infrastructure to advance the field. Research in resuscitation in low‐ and middle‐income countries is needed to understand the epidemiology, infrastructure and systems context, level of training needed, and potential for cost‐effective care to improve outcomes. Research is needed on low‐cost models of population‐based research, ways to disseminate information to the developing world, and finding the most cost‐effective strategies to improve outcomes.
Ethics in Acute Care Research: A Global Perspective and Research Agenda
Authors: Hirshon Jon Mark , Hansoti Bhakti , Hauswald Mark , Sethuraman Kinjal , Kerr Nancy Louise , Scordino David , Biros Michelle H. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe 2013Academic Emergency Medicineconsensus conference focused on global health and emergency care research. One conference breakout session discussed research ethics and developed a research agenda concerning global acute care research ethics. This article represents the proceedings from that session, particularly focusing on ethical issues related to protecting human subjects while conducting acute care research. Protecting human research subjects from unnecessary risk is an important component of conducting ethical research, regardless of the research site. There are widely accepted ethical principles related to human subjects research; however, the interpretation of these principles requires specific local knowledge and expertise to ensure that research is conducted ethically within the societal and cultural norms.There is an obligation to conduct research ethically while recognizing the roles and responsibilities of all participants. This article discusses the complexities of determining and applying socially and culturally appropriate ethical principles during the conduct of global acute care research. Using case studies, it focuses both on the procedural components of ethical research conducted outside of “Western” culture and on basic ethical principles that are applicable to all human subjects research. This article also proposes specific research topics to stimulate future thought and the study of ethics in these complex circumstances.
Treating paediatric community‐acquired pneumonia in the era of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Galli L , Montagnani C , Chiappini E , de Martino M 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIncreasing levels of paediatric community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP), caused by drug‐resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance, vary with age and countries and, in some cases, serotypes. When empirical first‐line treatment administration fails, paediatricians should consider second‐line treatments based on the prevalence of local resistance. A more judicious use of antimicrobial agents is also required.ConclusionKnowledge of local epidemiology and an appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs are necessary to treat CAP in this era of antimicrobial resistance.
Secondary succession in sandy old‐fields: a promising example of spontaneous grassland recovery
Authors: Albert Ágnes‐Júlia , Kelemen András , Valkó Orsolya , Miglécz Tamás , Csecserits Anikó , Rédei Tamás , Deák Balázs , Tóthmérész Béla , Török Péter 
Published: December 2013

AbstractQuestionBased on the spontaneous vegetation development of old‐fields in the Nyírség and Kiskunság sand regions (Hungary), we aimed to answer the following questions using the chronosequence method: (1) how do the proportions of different functional groups change during succession; (2) which target species establish successfully in the old‐fields during the course of succession; and (3) how successful is spontaneous succession in the recovery of target grasslands?LocationTwo sand regions of the Great Hungarian Plain: (1) the Nyírség sand region (East Hungary, acidic sand, moderately continental climate) and the Kiskunság (Central Hungary, calcareous sand, continental climate).MethodsAltogether 24 old‐fields were classified into young (<10‐yr‐old), middle‐aged (10–20‐yr‐old) and late‐succession (20–40‐yr‐old) old‐fields; four fields in each age category. For baseline vegetation reference, three open and three closed sand grassland stands in both regions were sampled in the vicinity of the old‐fields. The percentage cover of vascular plants was recorded in five 2 × 2‐m plots in each field, in early May and late June 2012. We used life forms, clonal spreading traits and Ellenberg indicator values for nutrients in the analysis. Species of Festuco‐Brometea class were considered as target species.ResultsThe cover of hemicryptophytes and geophytes increased, the cover of short‐lived species decreased with time. Cover of species without clonal spreading ability decreased, while cover of species with clonal spreading ability increased with increasing field age. The cover of invasive species decreased with increasing field age. The majority of target species had established already in the young and middle‐aged old‐fields, although their cover was significantly higher in the two older age groups.ConclusionSpontaneous succession can be a vital option in recovery of sand grassland vegetation in Central Europe; the majority of the species pool of sandy grasslands can be recovered in the first 10–20 yrs. However, the success of grassland recovery can be strongly influenced by the surrounding species pool and can be slow if seed dispersal is limited. Spontaneous succession is most promising when the target species of grasslands immigrate at the very beginning of the succession, within the first few years.
Problems with edges: tree lines as indicators of climate change (or not)
Authors: Woods Kerry D. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractElevational tree lines are commonly seen as particularly important ecological ‘ecotones’ that should, according to models, respond sensitively to climate change. In this issue, Mathisen et al. report empirical analyses of two tree lines that fail to show expected upward movement. This study points up both methodological and conceptual challenges in understanding ecological edges and in connecting general expectations to specific cases.
Ensemble distribution models in conservation prioritization: from consensus predictions to consensus reserve networks
Authors: Meller Laura , Cabeza Mar , Pironon Samuel , Barbet‐Massin Morgane , Maiorano Luigi , Georges Damien , Thuiller Wilfried 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimConservation planning exercises increasingly rely on species distributions predicted either from one particular statistical model or, more recently, from an ensemble of models (i.e. ensemble forecasting). However, it has not yet been explored how different ways of summarizing ensemble predictions affect conservation planning outcomes. We evaluate these effects and compare commonplace consensus methods, applied before the conservation prioritization phase, to a novel method that applies consensus after reserve selection.LocationEurope.MethodsWe used an ensemble of predicted distributions of 146 Western Palaearctic bird species in alternative ways: four different consensus methods, as well as distributions discounted with variability, were used to produce inputs for spatial conservation prioritization. In addition, we developed and tested a novel method, in which we built 100 datasets by sampling the ensemble of predicted distributions, ran a conservation prioritization analysis on each of them and averaged the resulting priority ranks. We evaluated the conservation outcome against three controls: (i) a null control, based on random ranking of cells; (2) the reference solution, based on an expert‐refined dataset; and (3) the independent solution, based on an independent dataset.ResultsNetworks based on predicted distributions were more representative of rare species than randomly selected networks. Alternative methods to summarize ensemble predictions differed in representativeness of resulting reserve networks. Our novel method resulted in better representation of rare species than pre‐selection consensus methods.Main conclusionsRetaining information about the variation in the predicted distributions throughout the conservation prioritization seems to provide better results than summarizing the predictions before conservation prioritization. Our results highlight the need to understand and consider model‐based uncertainty when using predicted distribution data in conservation prioritization.
Maternal outcomes and follow‐up after gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kim C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus reflects impaired maternal insulin secretion relative to demand prior to pregnancy, as well as temporary metabolic stressors imposed by the placenta and fetus. Thus, after delivery, women with gestational diabetes have increased risk of diabetes and recurrent gestational diabetes because of their underlying impairment, which may be further exacerbated by fat accretion during pregnancy and post‐partum deterioration in lifestyle behaviours. This hypothetical model is discussed in greater detail, particularly the uncertainty regarding pregnancy as an accelerator of β‐cell decline and the role of gestational weight gain. This report also presents risk estimates for future glucose intolerance and diabetes and reviews modifiable risk factors, particularly body mass and lifestyle alterations, including weight loss and breastfeeding. Non‐modifiable risk factors such as race/ethnicity and insulin use during pregnancy are also discussed. The review concludes with current literature on lifestyle modification, recommendations for post‐partum glucose screening, and future directions for research to prevent maternal disease.
Real‐time continuous glucose monitoring as a tool to prevent severe hypoglycaemia in selected pregnant women with Type 1 diabetes – an observational study
Authors: Secher A. L. , Stage E. , Ringholm L. , Barfred C. , Damm P. , Mathiesen E. R. 
Published: December 2013

What's new?

Among 12 women at estimated high risk of severe hypoglycaemia in pregnancy using real‐time continuous glucose monitoring from early pregnancy onwards, the incidence rates of severe hypoglycaemia were 2.8 events/patient‐year in the year before pregnancy, and 17.5 before and 0.3 after real‐time continuous glucose monitoring initiation in pregnancy.
Further evaluation is required as to whether real‐time continuous glucose monitoring from early to mid‐pregnancy in highly selected women with Type 1 diabetes may help reduce the risk of severe hypoglycaemia. Other elements of focused intervention against severe hypoglycaemia in a routine pregnancy care setting probably also contribute to the risk reduction.
Substrate selection by subyearling European river lampreys (Lampetra fluviatilis) and older larvae (Lampetra spp)
Authors: Aronsuu Kimmo , Virkkala Pasi 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMore information on the habitat requirements of lamprey is needed to improve measures aiming at rehabilitation of lamprey populations. Knowledge on habitat requirements of subyearling lampreys is especially scarce. We studied substrate selection by subyearling lamprey during the first three months after hatching using aquarium experiments. Differences in substrate selection by different‐sized larvae older than one year and the substrate depth selection by large larvae were also studied. Prolarvae of an average total length (TL) of 6.9 mm actively selected substrates with existing holes. When lampreys reached TL of over 8.0 mm, they started to select substrates which enabled them to construct a burrow. Lampreys of that size avoided coarse sand and gravel without fine material. Natural gravel with fine material was a frequently selected burrowing substrate during the 10‐week experiment suggesting its importance for subyearling lampreys. Substrates where very fine sand prevailed were the most selected soft sediments by subyearling larvae. Larvae older than one year did not select clay as a burrowing substrate. Medium (TL 70–98 mm) and large (TL 110–146 mm) larvae preferred coarse organic matter to fine sand. Larvae older than one year (TL 80–110 mm) preferred the thickest layer of soft substrate (10 cm) available to thinner layers.
Alterations in white matter microstructures and cognitive dysfunctions in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
Authors: Kim S. E. , Lee J. H. , Chung H. K. , Lim S. M. , Lee H. W. 
Published: December 2013

Background and purposeAlthough benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is known to have good prognosis, patients often manifest neuropsychological impairments. This study aimed to investigate cognitive dysfunctions and their relationship with white matter microstructural changes inBECTSpatients.MethodsNineteenBECTSand 25 normal subjects aged 7–16 years were included. Neuropsychological performances were assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for ChildrenIII, executive function tests, verbal and visuospatial memory tests, the verbal fluency and Boston naming tests. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed to measure the fractional anisotropy (FA), axial (AD), radial (RD), and mean diffusivities (MD). The voxel‐wise tract‐based spatial statistics and region of interest methods were used forDTI, and their correlations with cognitive variables were analyzed.ResultsPatients withBECTShad lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores compared with those of the control group. HigherADandMDvalues were found in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus, the retrolenticular part of the internal capsule, posterior thalamic radiation, sagittal stratum and the body of the corpus callosum inBECTSpatients compared with controls. Lower performances in verbalIQ, freedom from distractibility and processing speed were correlated with higherADin the left superior fronto‐occipital fasciculus, and lower verbalIQscores were correlated with decreasedFAvalues in the splenium of the corpus callosum in these patients.ConclusionsWhite matter microstructural changes predominantly in the left hemisphere might contribute to their cognitive abnormalities especially verbalIQinBECTSpatients.