bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of sunflower protein isolate emulsion‐based edible composite films with the addition of potato starch: Barrier, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties
Authors: Dhaigude Harshad , Saini Charanjiv Singh , Sheikh Mohd Aaqib 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEdible composite films from sunflower protein isolate emulsion (SPIE) and potato starch were prepared at different ratios by the casting method. The effect of starch addition on the barrier, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties were investigated. The maximum tensile strength and minimum water vapor permeability was observed for composite film developed at 50:50 (SPIE:PS) ratio. Transparency of sunflower protein isolate emulsion film was observed to be lower as compared to all other composite films. Total color difference values increased with increase in the concentration of starch. X‐ray diffraction of SPI emulsion film and composite films indicated amorphous structure of films. SPI emulsion film exhibited high degree of porosity. With the addition of starch, porosity of films decreased, and compactness increased. Differential scanning calorimetry curves of all films indicated melting temperature in the range of 87.22–157.21°C and enthalpy in the range of 39.86–110.94 J/g. Overall, composite films were compact, nonporous and smooth as compared to film prepared from native SPI emulsion.
Papillomavirus infection and male infertility: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Garolla Andrea , Mereu Silvia , Pizzol Damiano , Yon Dong Keon , Rahmati Masoud , Soysal Pinar , Ilie Petre Cristian , Bertoldo Alessandro , Trott Mike , Smith Lee 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsIncreasing attention is being paid to the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in men and specifically reproduction. Growing evidence suggests an association between HPV infection with many adverse effects including the impairment of semen parameters, the increase of blastocyst apoptosis, the reduction of endometrial implantation of trophoblastic cells, as well as the increase rate of miscarriages and spontaneous preterm birth.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, CINHAL, PsycINFO, and ERIC from inception to 2nd of July 2024, for studies that investigated the association between HPV infection with sperm parameters and fertility outcomes. The meta‐analysis was conducted on mean data and standard deviations.ResultsWe included 25 studies with a total of 6942 patients. Sperm morphology was lower in HPV positive groups versus HPV negative control groups (SMD = ‐0.52 95% CI −0.84; −0.21; p = 0.001). Sperm motility was also significantly lower in HPV positive groups when compared to HPV negative controls (SMD = −0.82 95% CI −1.07; −0.57; p = <0.001). Sperm volume, concentration, and pH were not significantly different between the two groups. The other 15 studies included in the systematic review for which it was not possible to conduct a meta‐analysis showed strong associations between HPV infection and impairment of sperm parameters, reduced couple fertility and increased risk of pregnancy loss.ConclusionsThe current evidence highlights the link between HPV infection and sperm parameters, male fertility and reproductive outcomes, which has the potential to lead to a decreased couple fertility, increased risk of pregnancy loss, re‐infection and increased treatment costs.
Orchidaceae cubanae novae III. Octomeria ventii H. Dietrich, sp. nov.
Authors: Dietrich Helga 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungInnerhalb der laufenden Untersuchungen an cubanischen Orchideen wird aus dem kritischen Formenkreis der Pleurothallidinae eine neue Octomerta‐Art, O. ventii, beschrieben.
Einige Ergebnisse der Merkmalsanalyse au Arten der Gattung Strychnos L. (Loganiaceae) in Vietnam
Authors: Khánh Trân Công 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die Merkmalsuntersuchungen der bisher registrierten Strychnos‐Arten in der Flora Vietnams. Es wurden 345 Exsikkate von 15 Arten morphologisch und anatomisch untersucht. Die Evolutionstendenzen der verschiedenen Merkmale wie die Sproßdornen und ‐ranken, die Gefäßbündel im Blattstiel, der Aufbau der Fruchtblätter, der Staubblätter und der Blüten wurden in Abbildungen dokumentiert. Zum Schluß werden die Verwandtschaft sbeziehungen zwischen den Arten diskutiert. Es wird eine neue Gliederung der Sektion Strychnos vorgeschlagen, davon gibt es eine neue Sektion und zwei neue Subsektionen, nämlich sect. Angustiflorac T. C. Khánh, subsect. Nitidae T. C. Khánh und subsect. Wallichianae T. C. Khánh.
Ökologische Mechanismen der Allelopathie und ihre Rolle bei der Entwicklung der Pflanzengesellschaften
Authors: Grodzinskij A. M. 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Allelopathie wird als Kreislauf physiologisch aktiver Stoffe oder Koline verstanden, die auf die Wechselbeziehungen der Pflanzen untereinander und auf ihre Umwelt in der Pflanzengesellschaft und ggf. deren Veränderung wirken. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die dabei wirkenden ökologischen Mechanismen betrachtet. — Physiologisch aktive Stoffe, die oft allelopathiache Bodenmüdigkeit verursachen und manchmal eine Veränderung physikalischer Bodeneigensehaften hervorrufen, können auf verschiedenen Wegen von den Pflanzen direkt freigesetzt und wirksam werden. — Die Ausscheidung von Kolinen durch Wurzeln und ihr Austausch über die Wurzeln zwischen benachbarten Pflanzen bedeutet einen Austausch chemischer Information als Ursache für eine häufig verlangsamte ontogenetische Entwicklung vieler Pflanzen in der Pflanzengesellschaft im Gegensatz zur erheblich beschleunigten Entwicklung im Experiment bei Ausschalten der Einwirkung von Nachbarpflanzen. — Außer durch Wurzelausscheidungen können Koline durch Auslaugen von Blättern durch Niederschlagswasser, durch Zersetzung von Wurzelresten und Pflanzenstreu im und auf dem Boden freigesetzt werden und durch ihre toxische Wirkung u. a. den nachfolgenden Pflanzenwuchs unterdrücken. — Indirekt‐allelopathische Mechanismen vollziehen sich bei Teilnahme von Mikroorganismen und Tieren. — Koline können die Bodeninikroflora selbst zur Ausscheidung weiterer physiologisch aktiver Stoffe veranlassen, durch deren Beeinflussung Nitrat mangel hervorrufen usw. Durch ausgiebige organische Düngung bei reichlicher Bewässerung können anaerobe Bedingungen geschaffen und die organischen Stoffe zu toxischen Substanzen umgewandelt werden. — Tote Pflanzenreste im Boden werden von Pilzen befallen, die für höhere Pflanzen toxische Stoffe ausscheiden. — Toxische Wirkungen der durch Tiere erzeugten Exometaboliten und die Wirkung von Flechten auf Pflanzen werden beschrieben. — Die ”Konkurrenz“ in einer Pflanzengesellschaft ist nicht allein ein Wettbewerb um Lebensfaktoren. In einer Biozönose erhalten die im Boden zahlreich befindlichen Samen, Knollen, Zwiebeln und Rhizome von den dominierenden adulteri Pflanzen wahrscheinlich allelopathische und bioelektrische Signale, die sie zu einem Wachstumsstopp veranlassen. Sie sind fähig, lange Zeit im Ruhezustand zu überdauern, ohne abzusterben, und nach Vernichtung der dominierenden adulten Pflanzen die freien Räume rasch einzunehmen.
Zur Verwandtschaft von Carya Nutt. und Platycarya Sieb. & Zucc. (Juglandaceae) und zur natürlichen Gliederung der Familie
Authors: Schaarschmidt Horst 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungMorphologische, anatomische, palynologische und chorologische Daten bilden die Basis für die Erkenntnis, daß Carya Nutt. und Platycarya Sieb. & Zucc. (Juglandaceae) ein eigenes Taxon bilden. Beide Gattungen besaßen wahrscheinlich eine gemeinsame Ausgangssippe, worauf verschiedene Ähnlichkeiten und Entsprechungen hinweisen. Es wird vorgeschlagen, Carya und Platycarya in einer Tribus (Platycaryeae) zusammenzufassen.Daraus — sowie aus der engeren Relation dieser Tribus zu den Gattungen Engelhardia Lesch. ex Blume, Oreomunnea Örst. und Alfaroa Standl. (im Gegensatz zu Juglans L., Pterocarya Kunth und Cyclocarya Iljinsk.) — resultiert eine Neugliederung der Familie: subfam. Platycaryoideae (Örsted) Manning — tribus Engelhardieae Örst. und tribus Platycaryeae Örst. — und subfam. Juglandoideae.
The vegetation of the Sant valley in South Khangai1)
Authors: Pacyna Anna 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe floristic and phytosociological relations in the Sant valley are representative for medium‐size mountains situated in catehment area of Tsagan‐Turutuin‐gol (south‐facing slope of Central Khangai). An analysis of the flora of Sant valley provided evidence that it occupies an intermediate position between the flora of the South Siberian montains and that of Central Asia (The Gobi Altai).The highly differentiated plant communities form three large groups:

dry steppes,
a mountain meadow steppe with Helictotrichon schellianum and Carex pediformis, larch forest (with Larix Sibirica), and Kobresin high mountain grassland,
meadows.
First report of Morchella galilaea, an autumn species from Pakistan, based on multilocus DNA sequences, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy analyses
Authors: Nisa Surat Un , Badshah Hussain , Shah Sayed Afzal , Mumtaz Abdul Samad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMorchella is highly prized for its distinct and delicious taste, making it one of the most sought‐after and valuable macrofungi. Despite Pakistan exporting morels to various European countries, Morchella's diversity in this South Asian country has not been cataloged using multilocus DNA sequence data. Realizing the need for their scientific identity, various collections were commissioned, including those from the low and high altitudinal zones of the Charsadda, Swat, and Poonch districts of Pakistan during autumn of 2015 through 2019. Specimens were identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and portions of the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1), second largest subunit (RPB2), and translation elongation factor 1‐α (TEF1) loci. Multigene molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed the autumnal collections were Morchella galilaea Masaphy & Clowez. The species was previously documented in the United States, China, Israel, and Turkey. A detailed taxonomic description, light and scanning electron microscopy, and multigene molecular phylogenetic analyses of the species are reported here for the first time from Pakistan. The study underscores the necessity for further surveys of unexplored areas of Pakistan and systematics of Morchella to augment species diversity and their geographic distribution.Research Highlights
Specimens of Morchella were collected from low and high altitudinal zones in Pakistan during the autumn.
Specimens were assessed using multigene (ITS, RPB1, RPB2, and TEF1) molecular phylogenetic analyses for the first time in Pakistan.
The specimens were identified as Morchella galilaea based on multigene molecular phylogenetic analysis.
Updated taxonomic descriptions of macro‐ and microanatomical characters were provided for clarity and precision.
Hitherto‐unreported shapes of paraphyses and acroparaphyses are observed and thoroughly reported.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of an ascospore is provided.
Enzyme‐Responsive Micelles with High Drug‐Loading Capacity for Antitumor Therapy
Authors: Wan Dong , Wu Yanan , Zhang Yuying , Liu Yonghui , Pan Jie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo overcome the poor targeting of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs and the defects of low drug‐loading capacity of conventional drug delivery systems, novel drug delivery systems with high drug‐loading capacity are developed. Herein, the high drug‐loaded mPEG79‐GFLGDDD‐DOX copolymer is first synthesized via an amide reaction, which can bond multiplex DOX. After PEGylation, the drug can resist the adsorption of proteins in the plasma in blood circulation, avoid being rapidly cleared out of the body, and prolong the circulation time of the drug in the blood, which is conducive to the enrichment of micelles in tumor tissues through the EPR effect. In tumor tissues, the peptide Glycine‐ Phenylalanine‐ Leucine‐ Glycine (GFLG) is recognized and sheared by overexpressed cathepsin B, which stripped the outer layer of methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) and made it more readily available for uptake by tumor cells. After entering the tumor cells, the bonded DOX and the physically encapsulated DOX in the micelles played a synergistic role, realizing the killing of tumor cells, thus effectively enhancing the therapeutic effect on tumors. The findings in this work suggest that a high drug‐loading drug delivery system has great potential in the clinical treatment of tumors.
Goethes psychochemisches Gleichnis
Authors: Hintzsche Ekkehard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAm 28. August jährt sich zum 275. Mal der Geburtstag Johann Wolfgang von Goethes. Sein Roman „Die Wahlverwandtschaften“ von 1809 ist nicht nur ein Meilenstein seines literarischen Schaffens: Neben Goethes Fähigkeit zur tieferen zwischenmenschlichen Analyse zeigt sich darin auch sein vielseitiges Gespür für die Chemie.
Cremige Kreationen: Konsistenz ist Kunst
Authors: Leusmann Eliza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSich vegan zu ernähren resultiert oft aus dem Wunsch, Tiere zu schützen und der Umwelt weniger schaden zu wollen als mit tierischen Lebensmitteln. Dabei ist es nicht nötig, auf gewohnte Geschmäcker und Mundgefühle zu verzichten.
Jedes Böhnchen gibt kein Tönchen
Authors: Rautenstrauch Hanne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn vielen Hülsenfrüchte stecken Oligosaccharide, die für den Menschen unverdaulich sind und somit Blähungen verursachen. Rezeptfreie Tabletten sollen helfen: Sie enthalten ein Enzym, das die Zucker spaltet. Wie sie wirken, lässt sich im Schulunterricht mit Dünnschichtchromatographie untersuchen.
Case series of patients with early psychosis presenting hypoperfusion in angular gyrus and self‐disturbance: Implication for the sense of agency and schizophrenia
Authors: Yoshikawa Akane , Obata Youhei , Kakiuchi Chihiro , Nakanishi Atsushi , Kimura Satoshi , Aoki Shigeki , Kato Tadafumi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐disturbance has been considered as a core symptomatology of schizophrenia and its emergence from the prodromal phase makes it a crucial target for early detection and intervention in schizophrenia. Currently, the clinical assessment of self‐disturbance relies on the self‐report of patients, and clinicians have no diagnostic tools in clinical practice. Identifying the neural substrate of self‐disturbance would be of great clinical value by shedding light on the core dimension of schizophrenia.Case PresentationWe first introduce an adolescent patient who initially presented self‐disturbance, and clinically detectable hypoperfusion in angular gyrus (AG) was observed when early psychosis was suspected. Interestingly, the hypoperfusion in AG may correspond to improvement and exacerbation of self‐disturbance. This clinical observation led us to pursue the relationship between the decreased blood flow in the AG and self‐disturbance. Among 15 cases with suspected early psychosis in which single photon emission computed tomography was performed to exclude organic factors, we found additional 5 cases, including one prodromal patient, showing hypoperfusion in the AG and self‐disturbance with significant correlation (r = 0.79, p = 0.00025).DiscussionThe self‐disturbance has been interpreted as a reflection of disturbance of the “Sense of Agency”, the ability to attribute their action and/or thoughts to themselves. AG has been shown to play a pivotal role in the sense of agency. These cases suggest that the hypoperfusion in AG associated with the disruption in the sense of agency would be an early clinical sign of schizophrenia. Further longitudinal studies are needed to test this hypothesis.
Bilateral Vocal Fold Motion Impairment Associated With Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
Authors: Razura Diego E. , Shuman Elizabeth A. , Johns Michael M. , O'Dell Karla 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical courses and interventions of symptomatic patients with bilateral vocal fold motion impairment (BVFMI) attributed to diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSingle Institution Academic Health Center.MethodsRetrospective chart review of patients ≥18 years old evaluated and treated for symptomatic BVFMI secondary to DISH between February 2021 and March 2023. A literature review was conducted.ResultsA total of 4 cases were identified. All patients were male and had symptomatic BVFMI attributed to cervical spine DISH, as seen on imaging. Symptoms ranged from life‐threatening dyspnea to breathy dysphonia in addition to dysphagia. Each patient was offered surgery for DISH. Two patients underwent osteophyte removal at the C5‐C6 level with improved vocal fold (VF) mobility, breathing, and voice quality. Two patients elected serial observation as voice, swallow, and airway symptoms were manageable. The literature review showed a male‐dominant (100%) presentation with an average of 70 years of age. Hypertension (45%) and diabetes mellitus (36%) were the most common comorbidities. Most patients were treated surgically (55%).ConclusionBoth surgical and conservative interventions may be considered for symptomatic relief and improvement in VF mobility on a patient‐to‐patient basis. Further study is warranted to investigate the etiology and treatment outcomes in these cases.
Hazard Ratios and Alternative Effect Measures: An Applied Illustration
Authors: Latour Chase D. , Su I‐Hsuan , Delgado Megan , Pate Virginia , Poole Charles , Edwards Jessie K. , Stürmer Til , Lund Jennifer L. , Funk Michele Jonsson 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeAlthough the limitations of hazard ratios (HRs) for quantifying treatment effects in right‐censored data have been widely discussed, HRs are still preferentially reported over other, more interpretable effect measures. This may stem from the fact that there are few applied examples that directly contrast the HR and its interpretation with alternative effect measures.MethodsWe analyzed data from two randomized clinical trials comparing panitumumab plus standard‐of‐care chemotherapy (SOCC) with SOCC alone as first‐ and second‐line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. We report the effect of treatment with panitumumab on progression‐free survival (PFS) using a Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the HR and the Kaplan‐Meier estimator of cumulative incidence (risk). Further analyses included examining the cumulative incidence curves; kernel‐smoothed, non‐parametric hazards curves; fitting the Cox model with a continuous time variable; and estimating restricted mean survival as well as median survival.ResultsThe HR was 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71, 0.93), while the risk ratio (or relative risk [i.e., ratio of the cumulative incidence among the treated versus comparator]) was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.02). These two measures suggest apparently different conclusions: either a treatment benefit or no effect. Through subsequent analyses, we demonstrated that, while the cumulative incidence of the outcome was similar by the end of follow‐up regardless of treatment, the panitumumab treated group experienced longer PFS than those randomized to SOCC. Substantial nonproportional hazards were evident with panitumumab treatment reducing the hazard of progression/mortality during the first ~1.75 years but associated with an increased hazard of progress/mortality thereafter.DiscussionThis example underscores the difficulties in interpreting HRs, particularly in the setting of qualitative violations of proportional hazards, and the value of quantifying treatment effects via multiple effect measures.
Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults With Multimorbidity in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Betty Chia‐Chen , Lai I‐Hua , Ng Yee‐Yung , Wu Shiao‐Chi 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMedication‐related problem is a concerning issue in older adults with multimorbidity due to complexity of disease conditions and polypharmacy, and may lead to increase in risk for adverse health outcomes. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of potentially inappropriate medication use among the growing population of older adults with multimorbidity in Taiwan.MethodThe study population was composed of patients who were aged 65 years or older with multimorbidity (two or more chronic diseases) and had at least one outpatient clinic visit with drug prescription in 2018 identified from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Potentially inappropriate medication use was defined using the 2019 Beers criteria for drugs to be avoided for older adults. Multiple logistic regression model was conducted to examine patient‐related and prescriber‐related factors associated with PIM use.ResultsA total of 2 432 416 patients (69.7% of the entire older adult population) had multimorbidity and received at least one drug prescription at the outpatient clinic in Taiwan in 2018. The prevalence of having at least one PIM in this population was found to be 85.6%. Patient‐related factors (age, sex, specific chronic diseases, frequency of outpatient visits) and prescriber‐related factors (physician characteristics, healthcare setting, total number of medications, prior PIM use) were found to be associated with use of PIM.ConclusionHigh prevalence of PIM use was found in older patients with multimorbidity in Taiwan. Both patient‐related and prescriber‐related factors had been found to be predictors of PIM use, and should be addressed when trying to improve the medication quality in this population.
Probe substrates assay estimates the effect of polyphyllin H on the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes in human liver microsomes
Authors: Wang Erhao , Wang Mengxi , Gao Ming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) play a crucial role in phase I metabolic reactions. The activity of CYPs would affect therapeutic efficacy and may even induce toxicity. Given the complex components of traditional Chinese medicine, it is important to understand the effect of active ingredients on CYPs activity to guide their prescription. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of polyphyllin H on the activity of CYPs major isoforms providing a reference for the clinical prescription of polyphyllin H and its source herbs. The effects of polyphyllin H were evaluated in pooled human liver microsomes using probe substrates of CYP1A2, 2A6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 to determine their activities. The Lineweaver‐Burk was used to model the inhibition, and a time‐dependent inhibition experiment was performed to understand the characteristics of the inhibition. Polyphyllin H significantly suppressed the activity of CYP1A2, 2D6, and 3A4 with IC50 values of 6.44, 13.88, and 4.52 μM, respectively. The inhibition of CYP1A2 and 2D6 was best fitted with a competitive model, yielding the inhibition constant (Ki) values of 3.18 and 6.77 μM, respectively. The inhibition of CYP3A4 was fitted with the non‐competitive model with the Ki value of 2.38 μM. Moreover, the inhibition of CYP3A4 was revealed to be time‐dependent with the inhibition parameters inhibition constant (KI) and inactivation rate constant (Kinact) values of 2.26 μM−1 and 0.045 min−1. Polyphyllin H acted as a competitive inhibitor of CYP1A2 and 2D6 and a non‐competitive and time‐dependent inhibitor of CYP3A4.