bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contentious emancipation. Processual frames on national self‐determination in Catalonia
Authors: Vazquez Ion 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper looks into the frames of the Catalan quest for national self‐determination during the second decade of the XXI century. Specifically, it analyzes how pro‐independence actors frame the intermediate steps to move forward towards national sovereignty within a process that becomes contentious. In this regard, the Catalan pro‐independence movement is a good contemporary opportunity for analysis. From a combined view on nationalism, this paper deductively introduces two collective action frames: institutionalization and mobilization. Institutionalization frames are depicted as the agency‐oriented and material steps needed to advance towards a political goal. Mobilization frames, on the other hand, are focused on the contentious episodes of a process. This paper concludes that while the two frames are present in the Catalan case, mobilization frames stand out for its relevance.
Threat perceptions, defensive behaviors, and the perceived suicide prevention value of specific firearm storage practices
Authors: Anestis Michael D. , Bryan Craig J. , Bryan AnnaBelle O. , Capron Daniel W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionSecure firearm storage has been proposed as a suicide prevention method within the military; however, secure storage practices are uncommon. Service members may perceive limited value in secure storage as a suicide prevention tool and threat‐related factors may influence such perceptions.MethodA nationally representative sample of firearm‐owning military service members (n = 719) was recruited between December 3, 2021 and January 4, 2022 to complete a self‐report survey by Ipsos using their KnowledgePanel calibration approach to optimize representativeness.ResultsThreat sensitivity was associated with less perceived suicide prevention value across all within‐home storage practices as well as out‐of‐home storage. Defensive firearm ownership was associated with less perceived out‐of‐home storage value. Contrary to expectations, PTSD symptoms were associated with greater perceived suicide prevention value across all storage practices and intolerance of uncertainty was associated with greater perceived out‐of‐home storage value.DiscussionPerceptions of, sensitivity to, and reactions to threat represent a complicated confluence of factors that may influence firearm views and behaviors in disparate ways. Viewing the world as dangerous and other people as a threat may limit perceived suicide prevention value for secure storage and increase the drive for firearm access.
Play in Cognitive Development: From Rational Constructivism to Predictive Processing
Authors: Andersen Marc M. , Kiverstein Julian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt is widely believed that play and curiosity are key ingredients as children develop models of the world. There is also an emerging consensus that children are Bayesian learners who combine their structured prior beliefs with estimations of the likelihood of new evidence to infer the most probable model of the world. An influential school of thought within developmental psychology, rational constructivism, combines these two ideas to propose that children learn intuitive theories of how the world works in part by engaging in play activities that allow them to gather new information for testing their theories. There are still, however, at least two pieces missing from rational constructivist theories of development. First, rational constructivism has so far devoted little attention to explaining why children's preferred form of learning, play, feels so fun, enjoyable, and rewarding. Rational constructivism may suggest that children are curious and like to play because reducing uncertainty and learning better theories of the causal workings of the world is enjoyable. What remains unclear, however, is why reducing uncertainty in play is interesting, fun, and joyful, while doing so in other forms of learning can be frustrating or boring. Second, rational constructivism may have overlooked how children, during play, will take control of and manipulate their environment, sometimes in an effort to create ideal niches for surprise‐extraction, sometimes for developing strategies for making the world fit with their predictions. These missing elements from rational constructivism can be provided by understanding the contribution of play to development in terms of predictive processing, an influential framework in cognitive neuroscience that models many of the brain's cognitive functions as processes of model‐based, probabilistic prediction.
The role of global value chains for worker tasks and wage inequality
Authors: Lewandowski Piotr , Madoń Karol , Winkler Deborah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the relationship between global value chain (GVC) participation, worker‐level routine task intensity (RTI) and wage inequality within countries. Using survey data from 34 countries and instrumenting for GVC participation, we find that higher GVC participation contributes to higher wage inequality in high‐income countries and lower wage inequality in middle‐ and low‐income countries. We distinguish between two opposite‐working channels. First, participation in GVCs directly reduces wage inequality, suppressing wages in offshorable occupations that tend to earn above the country‐specific median, and increasing wages of non‐offshorable occupations. Second, it indirectly widens within‐country wage inequality by increasing the gap in RTI, which is negatively associated with wages, between offshorable and non‐offshorable occupations. The direct effect prevails in most low‐ and middle‐income countries that receive offshored jobs, and the indirect effect prevails in high‐income countries that offshore jobs.
Melt Pool Flow Dynamics of Copper Imbued Surface Alloyed 304 Stainless Steel: Role of Laser Power and Scanning Speed Tuning
Authors: Mangsor A. S. , Salim A. A. , Ghoshal S. K. , Abd Aziz Muhammad Safwan 
Published: August 2024

This study emphasizes the crucial role of Marangoni convection in the laser surface-alloying of 304 stainless steel (304 SS) with copper (Cu). By studying the microscopic behavior of the melt pool during CO2 laser alloying, the study reveals the association between Marangoni convection and the resulting microstructure. The findings demonstrate that the most optimum deposited track can be observed at power 80 W with a scanning speed of 0.4950 mm/s while the highest scanning speed of 0.6329 mm/s produced the finest grains. From the microhardness analysis, sample with the scanning speed of 0.6329 mm/s yielded the best microhardness due to fast cooling and solidification, highlighting the importance of controlling the process parameters to achieve the desired outcome. This data provides valuable insights into the laser-matter interaction and underscores the need to understand underlying melt pool flow dynamics mechanisms such as Marangoni convection to optimize the process for high-quality results.
Experiences of undergraduate nursing students and new graduate nurses in paid employment models and health-related work influencing the transition to practice: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Park Seung A. (Sarah) , Eckert Marion , Sharp Rebecca , Clark Belinda , Peters Micah D.J. 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
This review aims to synthesize qualitative literature exploring the experiences of undergraduate nursing students and newly graduated nurses who are employed for less than 1 year in clinical settings after graduation. It will focus on those who had paid employment and health-related work experience during their undergraduate studies, examining the influence of these experiences on the transition to practice.

Introduction:
Nursing professionals undergo a transformative journey, starting from envisioning themselves as nurses to developing professional identity and competence. However, the initial transition to nursing practice often poses challenges for undergraduates and newly graduated nurses. To ease this transition, gaining additional clinical experience through paid employment or health-related work during undergraduate studies can be beneficial.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will include qualitative studies on the experiences of undergraduate nursing students and newly graduated nurses in paid employment models and health-related work. No restrictions on the publication date or country will be applied; however, only English-language publications will be included.

Methods:
The JBI methodology for qualitative systematic reviews will be employed. Searches will be conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare (Ovid); CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost); and ERIC (ProQuest), along with gray literature in ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and Google Scholar. Study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction will be conducted as per the JBI methodology. Findings will be synthesized using meta-aggregation, and a ConQual Summary of Findings will be created.

Review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42024520724
Third-Man-Passing Small-Sided Games Induce Higher Anaerobic Energy Contributions Than Regular-Passing Small-Sided Games in Football Players
Authors: Yang Woo-Hwi , Park So-Young , Kwak Young-Je , Kim Zi-Hyun , Choi Sung-Hwan 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study compared the physiological profiles and energy-system contributions of trained football players engaged in regular-passing and third-man-passing small-sided games (SSGs) that included 4 versus 4 and a goalkeeper. Methods: Ten male trained football players participated in this crossover study. All participants were randomly assigned to either regular-passing SSG or third-man-passing SSG (4 vs 4 with a goalkeeper, 35-m × 17-m pitch size, and 6-min match duration). During these SSGs, physiological parameters including peak and mean heart rate, oxygen uptake ( and ), metabolic equivalents in and , and blood lactate concentrations (peak La− and delta La− [Δ La−]), were measured. Energy contributions (oxidative [WOxi], glycolytic [WGly], and phosphagen [WPCr] systems) and Global Positioning System (GPS) variables (total distance, total acceleration counts, mean speed, and maximum speed) were also analyzed. Results: No significant differences in physiological parameters and GPS variables were found between regular- and third-man-passing SSGs. WOxi in kilojoules and percentages was significantly higher during both SSGs than WPCr and WGly (P < .0001, respectively). WPCr and WPCr + WGly values during third-man-passing SSGs were significantly higher than those during regular-passing SSGs (P < .05). Additionally, low to moderate positive correlations were observed between WOxi, WGly in kilojoules, , , peak La−, Δ La−, total acceleration counts, and mean speed (r = .39–.64). Conclusions: Third-man-passing SSGs may be useful for increasing anaerobic capacity. More third-man-passing SSG sessions in preparation for football games may support high metabolic power and repeated powerful anaerobic performances in trained football players.
Identification and characterization of the siderochelin biosynthetic gene cluster
via
coculture
Authors: Schaenzer Adam J. , Wang Wenliang , Hackenberger Dirk , Wright Gerard D. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Many microbial biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are inactive under standard laboratory conditions, making characterization of their products difficult. Silent BGCs are likely activated by specific cues in their natural environment, such as the presence of competitors. Growth conditions such as coculture with other microbes, which more closely mimic natural environments, are practical strategies for inducing silent BGCs. Here, we utilize coculture to activate BGCs in nine actinobacteria strains. We observed increased production of the ferrous siderophores siderochelin A and B during coculture of
Amycolatopsis
strain WAC04611 and
Tsukamurella
strain WAC06889b. Furthermore, we identified the siderochelin BGC in WAC04611 and discovered that the GntR-family transcription factor
sidR3
represses siderochelin production. Deletion of the predicted aminotransferase
sidA
abolished production of the carboxamides siderochelin A/B and led to the accumulation of the carboxylate siderochelin D. Finally, we deleted the predicted hydroxylase
sidB
and established that it is essential for siderochelin production. Our findings show that microbial coculture can successfully activate silent BGCs and lead to the discovery and characterization of unknown BGCs for molecules like siderochelin.

IMPORTANCE
Siderophores are vital iron-acquisition elements required by microbes for survival in a variety of environments. Furthermore, many siderophores are essential for the virulence of various human pathogens, making them a possible target for antibacterials. The significance of our work is in the identification and characterization of the previously unknown BGC for the siderophore siderochelin. Our work adds to the growing knowledge of siderophore biosynthesis, which may aid in the future development of siderophore-targeting pharmaceuticals and inform on the ecological roles of these compounds. Furthermore, our work demonstrates that combining microbial coculture with metabolomics is a valuable strategy for identifying upregulated compounds and their BGCs.
Complete genome sequence of
Achromobacter
sp. strain E1, an endophyte from
Zea mays
L. cultivar (Zheng dan 958)
Authors: Li Hao , Wu Qingliu , Yu Pugang , Ni Bin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

This announcement reports the complete genome sequence of
Achromobacter
sp. strain E1, which was isolated from the root of maize cultivar (Zheng dan 958) grown in Beijing, China.
Achromobacter
sp. strain E1 consists of a single, closed genome consisting of 5,975,307 bp, with GC content of 65.86%.
Genomic analysis of five antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from the environment
Authors: Bedore T. J. , Kumar Girish , McIntyre Cherish , Alvarez Anishka , Leslie Ariel , Snead Au'Nisha , Hudson André O. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Our study presents the whole-genome sequences and annotation of five bacteria isolates, each demonstrating distinct antibiotic resistance. These isolates include
Bacillus paranthracis
RIT 841,
Atlantibacter hermanii
RIT 842,
Pantoea leporis
RIT 844,
Enterococcus casseliflavus
RIT 845, and
Pseudomonas alkylphenolica
RIT 846, underscoring the importance of understanding antimicrobial resistance.
Exploring the transcriptomic profile of human monkeypox virus via CAGE and native RNA sequencing approaches
Authors: Nagy Gergely Ármin , Tombácz Dóra , Prazsák István , Csabai Zsolt , Dörmő Ákos , Gulyás Gábor , Kemenesi Gábor , Tóth Gábor E. , Holoubek Jiří , Růžek Daniel , Kakuk Balázs , Boldogkői Zsolt 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

In this study, we employed short- and long-read sequencing technologies to delineate the transcriptional architecture of the human monkeypox virus and to identify key regulatory elements that govern its gene expression. Specifically, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis to annotate the transcription start sites (TSSs) and transcription end sites (TESs) of the virus by utilizing Cap Analysis of gene expression sequencing on the Illumina platform and direct RNA sequencing on the Oxford Nanopore technology device. Our investigations uncovered significant complexity in the use of alternative TSSs and TESs in viral genes. In this research, we also detected the promoter elements and poly(A) signals associated with the viral genes. Additionally, we identified novel genes in both the left and right variable regions of the viral genome.

IMPORTANCE
Generally, gaining insight into how the transcription of a virus is regulated offers insights into the key mechanisms that control its life cycle. The recent outbreak of the human monkeypox virus has underscored the necessity of understanding the basic biology of its causative agent. Our results are pivotal for constructing a comprehensive transcriptomic atlas of the human monkeypox virus, providing valuable resources for future studies.
A nitrogenase-like enzyme is involved in the novel anaerobic assimilation pathway of a sulfonate, isethionate, in the photosynthetic bacterium
Rhodobacter capsulatus
Authors: Morimoto Yoshiki , Uesaka Kazuma , Fujita Yuichi , Yamamoto Haruki 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Prokaryotes contribute to the global sulfur cycle by using diverse sulfur compounds as sulfur sources or electron acceptors. In this study, we report that a nitrogenase-like enzyme (NFL) and a radical SAM enzyme (RSE) are involved in the novel anaerobic assimilation pathway of a sulfonate, isethionate, in the photosynthetic bacterium
Rhodobacter capsulatus
. The
nflHDK
genes for NFL are localized at a locus containing genes for known sulfonate metabolism in the genome. A gene
nflB
encoding an RSE is present just upstream of
nflH
, forming a small gene cluster
nflBHDK
. Mutants lacking any
nflBHDK
genes are incapable of growing with isethionate as the sole sulfur source under anaerobic photosynthetic conditions, indicating that all four NflBHDK proteins are essential for the isethionate assimilation pathway. Heterologous expression of the
islAB
genes encoding a known isethionate lyase that degrades isethionate to sulfite and acetaldehyde restored the isethionate-dependent growth of a mutant lacking
nflDK
, indicating that the enzyme encoding
nflBHDK
is involved in an isethionate assimilation reaction to release sulfite. Furthermore, the heterologous expression of
nflBHDK
and
ssuCAB
encoding an isethionate transporter in the closely related species
R. sphaeroides
, which does not have
nflBHDK
and cannot grow with isethionate as the sole sulfur source, conferred isethionate-dependent growth ability to this species. We propose to rename
nflBHDK
as
isrBHDK
(
is
ethionate
r
eductase). The
isrBHDK
genes are widely distributed among various prokaryote phyla. Discovery of the isethionate assimilation pathway by IsrBHDK provides a missing piece for the anaerobic sulfur cycle and for understanding the evolution of ancient sulfur metabolism.

IMPORTANCE

Nitrogenase is an important enzyme found in prokaryotes that reduces atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia and plays a fundamental role in the global nitrogen cycle. It has been noted that nitrogenase-like enzymes (NFLs), which share an evolutionary origin with nitrogenase, have evolved to catalyze diverse reactions such as chlorophyll biosynthesis (photosynthesis), coenzyme F
430
biosynthesis (methanogenesis), and methionine biosynthesis. In this study, we discovered that an NFL with unknown function in the photosynthetic bacterium
Rhodobacter capsulatus
is a novel isethionate reductase (Isr), which catalyzes the assimilatory degradation of isethionate, a sulfonate, releasing sulfite used as the sulfur source under anaerobic conditions. Isr is widely distributed among various bacterial phyla, including intestinal bacteria, and is presumed to play an important role in sulfur metabolism in anaerobic environments such as animal guts and microbial mats. This finding provides a clue for understanding ancient metabolism that evolved under anaerobic environments at the dawn of life.
Microbial genotoxin-elicited host DNA mutations related to mitochondrial dysfunction, a momentous contributor for colorectal carcinogenesis
Authors: Yang Xue , Gan Yumeng , Zhang Yuting , Liu Zhongjian , Geng Jiawei , Wang Wenxue 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Gut microbe dysbiosis increases repetitive inflammatory responses, leading to an increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer. Recent studies have revealed that specific microbial species directly instigate mutations in the host nucleus DNA, thereby accelerating the progression of colorectal cancer. Given the well-established role of mitochondrial dysfunction in promoting colorectal cancer, it is reasonable to postulate that gut microbes may induce mitochondrial gene mutations, thereby inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we focus on gut microbial genotoxins and their known and potential targets in mitochondrial genes. Consequently, we propose that targeted disruption of genotoxin transport pathways may effectively reduce the rate of mitochondrial gene mutations and yield substantial benefits for the prevention of colorectal carcinogenesis.
Effective biofilm eradication in MRSA isolates with aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes using high-concentration and prolonged gentamicin treatment
Authors: Ando Kohei , Miyahara Satoshi , Hanada Shuhei , Fukuda Kazumasa , Saito Mitsumasa , Sakai Akinori , Maruo Akihiro , Zenke Yukichi 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Bone and soft tissue infections caused by biofilm-forming bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA), remain a significant clinical challenge. While the control of local infection is necessary, systemic treatment is also required, and biofilm eradication is a critical target for successful management. Topical antibiotic treatments, such as antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC), have been used for some time, and continuous local antibiotic perfusion therapy, a less invasive method, has been developed by our group. However, the optimal antibiotics and concentrations for biofilms of clinical isolates are still not well understood. We examined the efficacy of high concentrations of gentamicin against MRSA biofilms and the role of gentamicin resistance genes in biofilm eradication. We collected 101 MRSA samples from a hospital in Japan and analyzed their gene properties, including methicillin and gentamicin resistance, and their minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) values. Our results showed that high concentrations of gentamicin are effective against MRSA biofilms and that even concentrations lower than the MBEC value could eliminate biofilms after prolonged exposure. We also identified three aminoglycoside/gentamicin resistance genes [
aac(6′)-aph(2″)
,
aph(3′)-III
, and
ant(4′)-IA
] and found that the presence or absence of these genes may inform the selection of treatments. It was also found that possession of the
aac(6′)-aph(2″
) gene correlated with the minimum inhibitory concentration/MBEC values of gentamicin. Although this study provides insight into the efficacy of gentamicin against MRSA biofilms and the role of gentamicin resistance genes, careful selection of the optimal treatment strategy is needed for clinical application.

IMPORTANCE

Our analysis of 101 MRSA clinical isolates has provided valuable insights that could enhance treatment selection for biofilm infections in orthopedics. We found that high concentrations of gentamicin were effective against MRSA biofilms, and even prolonged exposure to concentrations lower than the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) value could eliminate biofilms. The presence of the
aac(6′)-aph(2″)
gene, an aminoglycoside resistance gene, was found to correlate with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and MBEC values of gentamicin, providing a potential predictive tool for treatment susceptibility. These results suggest that extended high concentrations of local gentamicin treatment could effectively eliminate MRSA biofilms in orthopedic infections. Furthermore, testing for gentamicin MIC or the possession of the
aac(6′)-aph(2″)
gene could help select treatment, including topical gentamicin administration and surgical debridement.