bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dependability of electrophysiological measurements of performance monitoring in a clinical sample: A generalizability and decision analysis of the ERN and Pe
Authors: Baldwin Scott A. , Larson Michael J. , Clayson Peter E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPsychometric studies of the ERN, CRN, Pe, and Pc ERPs are increasing. Coherent integration of these results is difficult with classical test theory because the definition of error depends on the measure of reliability. This study used generalizability theory, which extends the ideas of classical test theory, as a framework for evaluating the influence of psychopathology and number of trials on dependability of measurement. Participants included 34 people meeting criteria for major depression, 29 meeting criteria for an anxiety disorder, and 319 controls. For all ERPs, within‐person variance was larger than between‐person variance across groups, indicating many trials are needed for adequate dependability (at least 13). Slightly fewer trials were needed to achieve adequate dependability in the control group than the pathology groups. Regions of interest had higher dependability than single sensors.
Characterization of gene mutations and phenotypes of cystic fibrosis in Chinese patients
Authors: Liu Yaping , Wang Lianqing , Tian Xinlun , Xu Kai‐Feng , Xu Wenbing , Li Xue , Yue Cai , Zhang Peng , Xiao Yi , Zhang Xue 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveCystic fibrosis (CF) is a relatively common autosomal recessive disorder in Caucasians. CF is considered a very rare disease in Asians, and fewer than 30 Chinese CF patients are reported in the literature. We enrolled seven patients of Chinese Han origin diagnosed with CF at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital, to characterize gene mutations and phenotypes of CF in Chinese patients.MethodsWe analysed the clinical presentation and screened the coding region of the CFTR gene for each patient.ResultsPatients were 0–6 years old at onset of symptoms and were 10–28 years old at the time of diagnosis with CF. None of the seven patients had a family history of CF, and only one patient had parents who were consanguineous. Two patients had gastrointestinal symptoms but stool Sudan III results were normal. Four of the seven CF patients also had allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. The concentration of chloride in patients' sweat ranged from 66 mmol/l to 154 mmol/l. In total, we identified 11 different mutations in seven CF patients, including one novel mutation (△E7‐E11). Only one of these mutations (R553X) is present in the Caucasian CFTR common mutation‐screening panel; and none of the 11 mutations are common in Caucasian CF patients.ConclusionsCF in China is difficult to diagnose because of a combination of low awareness, atypical clinical symptoms, and a lack of sweat and genetic testing facilities in most hospitals. The mutations identified in Chinese CF patients are different from the common Caucasian gene mutations.
MUC5B promoter polymorphism in Japanese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Horimasu Yasushi , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Bonella Francesco , Tanaka Sonosuke , Ishikawa Nobuhisa , Hattori Noboru , Kohno Nobuoki , Guzman Josune , Costabel Ulrich 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveA single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs35705950 in the promoter of Mucin 5B (MUC5B) has been reported to be associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) mainly in Caucasian populations. This study was conducted to confirm the association between rs35705950 and IPF in a Japanese population.MethodsGenomic DNA was extracted from blood samples in 384 Japanese and 137 German subjects, and rs35705950 was detected by commercially available genotyping assay.ResultsThe genotype distributions of rs35705950 in Japanese patients with IPF, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and healthy subjects (HS) were significantly different from those in the German counterparts (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P = 0.010, respectively). The rs35705950 T allele frequencies in patients with IPF, NSIP and HS were 3.4%, 1.7% and 0.8%, respectively in the Japanese, while they were 33.1%, 27.4% and 4.3%, respectively in the German cohort. The T allele frequencies in patients with IPF were significantly higher than those in HS both in the Japanese (P = 0.031) and German (P < 0.001) cohorts.ConclusionsThe association between rs35705950 and IPF was also present in this Japanese cohort, but was not as strong as the German counterpart. To our knowledge, this is the first study to successfully validate the association between rs35705950 and IPF in a Japanese ethnicity.
Differentiating benign from malignant mediastinal lymph nodes visible at EBUS using grey‐scale textural analysis
Authors: Edey Anthony J. , Pollentine Adrian , Doody Claire , Medford Andrew R.L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveRecent data suggest that grey‐scale textural analysis on endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) imaging can differentiate benign from malignant lymphadenopathy. The objective of studies was to evaluate grey‐scale textural analysis and examine its clinical utility.MethodsImages from 135 consecutive clinically indicated EBUS procedures were evaluated retrospectively using MATLAB software (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA). Manual node mapping was performed to obtain a region of interest and grey‐scale textural features (range of pixel values and entropy) were analysed. The initial analysis involved 94 subjects and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. The ROC thresholds were then applied on a second cohort (41 subjects) to validate the earlier findings.ResultsA total of 371 images were evaluated. There was no difference in proportions of malignant disease (56% vs 53%, P = 0.66) in the prediction (group 1) and validation (group 2) sets. There was no difference in range of pixel values in group 1 but entropy was significantly higher in the malignant group (5.95 vs 5.77, P = 0.03). Higher entropy was seen in adenocarcinoma versus lymphoma (6.00 vs 5.50, P < 0.05). An ROC curve for entropy gave an area under the curve of 0.58 with 51% sensitivity and 71% specificity for entropy greater than 5.94 for malignancy. In group 2, the entropy threshold phenotyped only 47% of benign cases and 20% of malignant cases correctly.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that use of EBUS grey‐scale textural analysis for differentiation of malignant from benign lymphadenopathy may not be accurate. Further studies are required.
The International Joint Commission, Water Levels, and Transboundary Governance in the Great Lakes
Authors: Clamen Murray , Macfarlane Daniel 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article provides a historical background of the evolution of transboundary water governance and environmental diplomacy in the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence basin, with a focus on the International Joint Commission (IJC), during the twentieth century. This study focuses on water quantity issues, such as diversions, canals, hydroelectric developments, control works, and water levels, revealing the range of artificial and natural impacts on water levels in the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence basin. Doing so provides for a revealing examination of the IJC, which has traditionally been the main forum in which Canada and the United States manage their environmental relations and border water issues, which allows for an engagement with a range of North American transboundary governance theories. While the IJC is often lauded as a model of transnational environmental cooperation, this paper demonstrates that the evolution of this bilateral institution up to the 1960s is more complicated.
Bilateral and Trilateral Natural Resource and Biodiversity Governance inNorthAmerica: Organizations, Networks, and Inclusion
Authors: Stoett Peter , Temby Owen 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis special issue represents an assessment of international organizations and transboundary networks governing natural resource and biodiversity issues in and amongCanada,Mexico, and theUnitedStates. The management of natural resources and protection of biodiversity is a highly technocratic process requiring collaboration and information sharing among a diversity of actors to facilitate the development and coordination of policy addressing complex and multisectoral issues. Numerous bilateral and trilateral organizations exist to ostensibly facilitate transboundary governance, yet the scholarly knowledge of their respective roles has many gaps. In this introductory article, we propose a typology of international environmental organizations based on two dimensions: (1) whether their activities center primarily on capacity building or regulation, and (2) the extent to which they exemplify the “bureaucratic” or “post‐bureaucratic” model of governance. Using this typology we provide an overview of the special issue's contributions in terms of their assessment ofNorthAmerican bilateral and trilateral environmental organizations and transboundary networks.
Scale and Subnational Resource Management: Transnational Initiatives in the Salish Sea Region
Authors: Brown Christopher 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTransboundary water resources are very challenging to manage, generating numerous unresolved management issues. North America possesses two different spatial contexts in which transboundary water resource management issues exist, the arid U.S.–Mexico border region and the humid U.S.–Canada border region. Past work on the U.S.–Mexico border has explored a range of institutional arrangements by which resources are managed, with a special focus on both existing and new institutions and how the locus of policy formulation may vary across scale. In this article, I explore water resource issues in the U.S.–Canadian transboundary context through a comparative examination of management frameworks in the westernmost section on the U.S.–Canada border. Specifically, I examine the Cascadia Corridor region within which the Salish Sea and smaller nested watersheds lie, exploring how concepts of devolution, regionalization, subnational participation, and spatial scale have unfolded in transboundary management efforts in the region.
Resistance and Reform: Transboundary Water Governance in the Colorado River Delta
Authors: Gerlak Andrea K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBilateral governance of transboundary water resources between the United States and Mexico is in flux today. Historically, the International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC), the joint commission by which the two countries jointly manage shared rivers, has dominated decision making and policy in the border region by defining problems and framing knowledge. However, over the past two decades, a transnational network has been emerging to restore the Colorado River Delta. In this paper, we explore how a transnational network has been operating collaboratively to shift transboundary water governance in the Colorado River Delta region toward greater participatory, science‐based governance. We explore the IBWC in this context of governance change to reveal the adoption of institutional and policy reforms, along with some resistance to this change.
Affective Topologies of Rural Youth Embodiment
Authors: Farrugia David , Smyth John , Harrison Tim 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article explores the affective, embodied dimensions of young rural people's relationship with space and place. Relationship with space and place has been recognised as a significant dimension of rural youths' subjectivities but it has been primarily understood through representational perspectives which focus on young people's perceptions, images, or discursive constructions of their local places. In contrast, this article draws on non‐representational approaches to subjectivity and space to highlight the embodied, sensuous entanglements between young people's subjectivities and the spaces they have inhabited and experienced. Qualitative data gathered as part of a project exploring youths' subjectivities in regional Australia shows that young people's experience of their rural locale, as well as their relationship to the city, reflect an affective topology of relations of proximity and rhythmic tempo which emerges from the relationship between the space of their bodily hexis and the spaces and places they are situated within. These non‐representational, embodied processes are intrinsic to rural youths' subjectivities and structure how young people approach and navigate their futures.
Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates in the Gulf Cooperation Council States: Dominance of OXA-23-Type Producers
Authors: Zowawi Hosam M. , Sartor Anna L. , Sidjabat Hanna E. , Balkhy Hanan H. , Walsh Timothy R. , Al Johani Sameera M. , AlJindan Reem Y. , Alfaresi Mubarak , Ibrahim Emad , Al-Jardani Amina , Al Salman Jameela , Dashti Ali A. , Johani Khalid , Paterson David L. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

The molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of resistance of carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
(CRAB) were determined in hospitals in the states of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (Gulf Cooperation Council [GCC]), namely, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, and Kuwait. Isolates were subjected to PCR-based detection of antibiotic resistance genes and repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) assessments of clonality. Selected isolates were subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST). We investigated 117 isolates resistant to carbapenem antibiotics (either imipenem or meropenem). All isolates were positive for OXA-51. The most common carbapenemases were the OXA-23-type, found in 107 isolates, followed by OXA-40-type (OXA-24-type), found in 5 isolates; 3 isolates carried the IS
Aba1
element upstream of
bla
OXA-51-type
. No OXA-58-type, NDM-type, VIM-type, or IMP-type producers were detected. Multiple clones were detected with 16 clusters of clonally related CRAB. Some clusters involved hospitals in different states. MLST analysis of 15 representative isolates from different clusters identified seven different sequence types (ST195, ST208, ST229, ST436, ST450, ST452, and ST499), as well as three novel STs. The vast majority (84%) of the isolates in this study were associated with health care exposure. Awareness of multidrug-resistant organisms in GCC states has important implications for optimizing infection control practices; establishing antimicrobial stewardship programs within hospital, community, and agricultural settings; and emphasizing the need for establishing regional active surveillance systems. This will help to control the spread of CRAB in the Middle East and in hospitals accommodating transferred patients from this region.
Comparison of the Genedia MTB Detection Kit and the Cobas TaqMan MTB Assay for Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Respiratory Specimens
Authors: Huh Hee Jae , Kwon Hyeon Jeong , Ki Chang-Seok , Lee Nam Yong 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
The performance of the Genedia MTB detection kit was compared with that of the Cobas TaqMan MTB test using respiratory specimens. The Genedia and Cobas assays showed comparable sensitivities (81.8% and 78.8%, respectively) and specificities (99.8% and 99.5%, respectively), while the Genedia assay produced fewer invalid results and required less turnaround time and labor.
Volatile-Sulfur-Compound Profile Distinguishes Burkholderia pseudomallei from Burkholderia thailandensis
Authors: Inglis Timothy J. J. , Hahne Dorothee R. , Merritt Adam J. , Clarke Michael W. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GCMS) was used to show that dimethyl sulfide produced by
Burkholderia pseudomallei
is responsible for its unusual truffle-like smell and distinguishes the species from
Burkholderia thailandensis
. SPME-GCMS can be safely used to detect dimethyl sulfide produced by agar-grown
B. pseudomallei
.
Impact of the Adenoviral E4 Orf3 Protein on the Activity and Posttranslational Modification of p53
Authors: DeHart Caroline J. , Perlman David H. , Flint S. J. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Our previous studies have established that the p53 populations that accumulate in normal human cells exposed to etoposide or infected by an E1B 55-kDa protein-null mutant of human adenovirus type 5 carry a large number of posttranslational modifications at numerous residues (C. J. DeHart, J. S. Chahal, S. J. Flint, and D. H. Perlman, Mol Cell Proteomics
13:
1–17, 2014,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M113.030254
). In the absence of this E1B protein, the p53 transcriptional program is not induced, and it has been reported that the viral E4 Orf3 protein inactivates p53 (C. Soria, F. E. Estermann, K. C. Espantman, and C. C. O'Shea, Nature
466:
1076–1081, 2010,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09307
). As the latter protein disrupts nuclear Pml bodies, sites at which p53 is modified, we used mass spectrometry to catalogue the posttranscriptional modifications of the p53 population that accumulates when neither the E1B 55-kDa nor the E4 Orf3 protein is made in infected cells. Eighty-five residues carrying 163 modifications were identified. The overall patterns of posttranslational modification of this population and p53 present in cells infected by an E1B 55-kDa-null mutant were similar. The efficiencies with which the two forms of p53 bound to a consensus DNA recognition sequence could not be distinguished and were lower than that of transcriptionally active p53. The absence of the E4 Orf3 protein increased expression of several p53-responsive genes when the E1B protein was also absent from infected cells. However, expression of these genes did not attain the levels observed when p53 was activated in response to etoposide treatment and remained lower than those measured in mock-infected cells.

IMPORTANCE
The tumor suppressor p53, a master regulator of cellular responses to stress, is inactivated and destroyed in cells infected by species C human adenoviruses, such as type 5. It is targeted for proteasomal degradation by the action of a virus-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase that contains the viral E1B 55-kDa and E4 Orf6 proteins, while the E4 Orf3 protein has been reported to block its ability to stimulate expression of p53-dependent genes. The comparisons reported here of the posttranslational modifications and activities of p53 populations that accumulate in infected normal human cells in the absence of both mechanisms of inactivation or of only the E3 ligase revealed little impact of the E4 Orf3 protein. These observations indicate that E4 Orf3-dependent disruption of Pml bodies does not have a major effect on the pattern of p53 posttranslational modifications in adenovirus-infected cells. Furthermore, they suggest that one or more additional viral proteins contribute to blocking p53 activation and the consequences that are deleterious for viral reproduction, such as apoptosis or cell cycle arrest.
Synthetic Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR7 Ligands as Influenza Virus Vaccine Adjuvants Induce Rapid, Sustained, and Broadly Protective Responses
Authors: Goff Peter H. , Hayashi Tomoko , Martínez-Gil Luis , Corr Maripat , Crain Brian , Yao Shiyin , Cottam Howard B. , Chan Michael , Ramos Irene , Eggink Dirk , Heshmati Mitra , Krammer Florian , Messer Karen , Pu Minya , Fernandez-Sesma Ana , Palese Peter , Carson Dennis A. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
Current vaccines against influenza virus infection rely on the induction of neutralizing antibodies targeting the globular head of the viral hemagglutinin (HA). Protection against seasonal antigenic drift or sporadic pandemic outbreaks requires further vaccine development to induce cross-protective humoral responses, potentially to the more conserved HA stalk region. Here, we present a novel viral vaccine adjuvant comprised of two synthetic ligands for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR7. 1Z105 is a substituted pyrimido[5,4-b]indole specific for the TLR4-MD2 complex, and 1V270 is a phospholipid-conjugated TLR7 agonist. Separately, 1Z105 induces rapid Th2-associated IgG1 responses, and 1V270 potently generates Th1 cellular immunity. 1Z105 and 1V270 in combination with recombinant HA from the A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 strain (rPR/8 HA) effectively induces rapid and sustained humoral immunity that is protective against lethal challenge with a homologous virus. More importantly, immunization with the combined adjuvant and rPR/8 HA, a commercially available split vaccine, or chimeric rHA antigens significantly improves protection against both heterologous and heterosubtypic challenge viruses. Heterosubtypic protection is associated with broadly reactive antibodies to HA stalk epitopes. Histological examination and cytokine profiling reveal that intramuscular (i.m.) administration of 1Z105 and 1V270 is less reactogenic than a squalene-based adjuvant, AddaVax. In summary, the combination of 1Z105 and 1V270 with a recombinant HA induces rapid, long-lasting, and balanced Th1- and Th2-type immunity; demonstrates efficacy in a variety of murine influenza virus vaccine models assaying homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic challenge viruses; and has an excellent safety profile.

IMPORTANCE
Novel adjuvants are needed to enhance immunogenicity and increase the protective breadth of influenza virus vaccines to reduce the seasonal disease burden and ensure pandemic preparedness. We show here that the combination of synthetic Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR7 ligands is a potent adjuvant for recombinant influenza virus hemagglutinin, inducing rapid and sustained immunity that is protective against influenza viruses in homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic challenge models. Combining TLR4 and TLR7 ligands balances Th1- and Th2-type immune responses for long-lived cellular and neutralizing humoral immunity against the viral hemagglutinin. The combined adjuvant has an attractive safety profile and the potential to augment seasonal-vaccine breadth, contribute to a broadly neutralizing universal vaccine formulation, and improve response time in an emerging pandemic.
Vpu Is the Main Determinant for Tetraspanin Downregulation in HIV-1-Infected Cells
Authors: Lambelé Marie , Koppensteiner Herwig , Symeonides Menelaos , Roy Nathan H. , Chan Jany , Schindler Michael , Thali Markus 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
Tetraspanins constitute a family of cellular proteins that organize various membrane-based processes. Several members of this family, including CD81, are actively recruited by HIV-1 Gag to viral assembly and release sites. Despite their enrichment at viral exit sites, the overall levels of tetraspanins are decreased in HIV-1-infected cells. Here, we identify Vpu as the main viral determinant for tetraspanin downregulation. We also show that reduction of CD81 levels by Vpu is not a by-product of CD4 or BST-2/tetherin elimination from the surfaces of infected cells and likely occurs through an interaction between Vpu and CD81. Finally, we document that Vpu-mediated downregulation of CD81 from the surfaces of infected T cells can contribute to preserving the infectiousness of viral particles, thus revealing a novel Vpu function that promotes virus propagation by modulating the host cell environment.

IMPORTANCE
The HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu has previously been shown to downregulate various host cell factors, thus helping the virus to overcome restriction barriers, evade immune attack, and maintain the infectivity of viral particles. Our study identifies tetraspanins as an additional group of host factors whose expression at the surfaces of infected cells is lowered by Vpu. While the downregulation of these integral membrane proteins, including CD81 and CD82, likely affects more than one function of HIV-1-infected cells, we document that Vpu-mediated lowering of CD81 levels in viral particles can be critical to maintaining their infectiousness.