bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in socioemotional functioning, attentional bias, and gray matter volume in maltreated children: A multilevel investigation
Authors: Kelly Philip A. , Viding Essi , Puetz Vanessa B. , Palmer Amy L. , Mechelli Andrea , Pingault Jean-Baptiste , Samuel Sophie , McCrory Eamon J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWhile maltreatment is known to impact social and emotional functioning, threat processing, and neural structure, the potentially dimorphic influence of sex on these outcomes remains relatively understudied. We investigated sex differences across these domains in a large community sample of children aged 10 to 14 years (n= 122) comprising 62 children with verified maltreatment experience and 60 well-matched nonmaltreated peers. The maltreated group relative to the nonmaltreated comparison group exhibited poorer social and emotional functioning (more peer problems and heightened emotional reactivity). Cognitively, they displayed a pattern of attentional avoidance of threat in a visual dot-probe task. Similar patterns were observed in males and females in these domains. Reduced gray matter volume was found to characterize the maltreated group in the medial orbitofrontal cortex, bilateral middle temporal lobes, and bilateral supramarginal gyrus; sex differences were observed only in the supramarginal gyrus. In addition, a disordinal interaction between maltreatment exposure and sex was found in the postcentral gyrus. Finally, attentional avoidance to threat mediated the relationship between maltreatment and emotional reactivity, and medial orbitofrontal cortex gray matter volume mediated the relationship between maltreatment and peer functioning. Similar mediation patterns were observed across sexes. This study highlights the utility of combining multiple levels of analysis when studying the “latent vulnerability” engendered by childhood maltreatment and yields tentative findings regarding a neural basis of sex differences in long-term outcomes for maltreated children.
Pain in older people with frailty
Authors: Brown Lesley , Young John , Clegg Andrew , Heaven Anne 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn this review we identified cohort and cross-sectional studies that assessed pain in community-dwelling older people (>65 years) reliably characterized as frail. Secondly, we considered biologically plausible mechanisms that may alter pain perception, or contribute to, or exacerbate pain in an older person with frailty. Thirdly, we considered specific implications of pain management for this group of people. From the limited data from the seven included studies, it would appear that the presence of pain is higher in older people with frailty compared with people characterized as pre-frail or not frail. Thus older people reporting pain are more likely to be frail. However, a lack of prospective data precludes inferences about the direction of the relationship: that is whether pain or frailty is the antecedent. Further research is needed to understand the direction of the relationship, and to identify appropriate pain management strategies for older people with frailty.
Non-pharmacological management of sexual behaviours that challenge in dementia
Authors: Thornton Hazel , Offord Rosslyn 
Published: November 2015

SummaryA literature search was conducted to identify and evaluate non-pharmacological interventions available for people living with dementia, who present with sexual behaviours that challenge. A lack of research implementing and evaluating clinical interventions was identified, and the search was broadened to include discussion papers relating to sexuality and dementia. This included work both with couples affected by dementia at home, and with staff in institutional care settings. The papers identified come from a range of countries, with wide variation in care settings and practices. Literature suggests sexual behaviours that challenge in dementia are best understood within the broader context of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). There is a consensus highlighting the importance of training staff to recognize the sexual needs of people with dementia and to develop clear policy and guidelines to support staff in managing potential challenges. Few authors attempted to include the perspectives of either care partners or the person with dementia.
Creating a safe space: A qualitative inquiry into the way doctors discuss spirituality
Authors: Best Megan , Butow Phyllis , Olver Ian 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjective:Spiritual history taking by physicians is recommended as part of palliative care. Nevertheless, very few studies have explored the way that experienced physicians undertake this task.Method:Using grounded theory, semistructured interviews were conducted with 23 physicians who had experience in caring for advanced cancer patients. They were asked to describe the way they discuss spirituality with their patients.Results:We have described a delicate, skilled, tailored process whereby physicians create a space in which patients feel safe enough to discuss intimate topics. Six themes were identified: (1) developing the self: physicians describe the need to understand and be secure in one's own spirituality and be comfortable with one's own mortality before being able to discuss spirituality; (2) developing one's attitude: awareness of the importance of spirituality in the life of a patient, and the need to respect each patient's beliefs is a prerequisite; (3) experienced physicians wait for the patient to give them an indication that they are ready to discuss spiritual issues and follow their lead; (4) what makes it easier: spiritual discussion is easier when doctor and patient share spiritual and cultural backgrounds, and the patient needs to be physically comfortable and willing to talk; (5) what makes it harder: experienced physicians know that they will find it difficult to discuss spirituality when they are rushed and when they identify too closely with a patient's struggles; and (6) an important and effective intervention: exploration of patient spirituality improves care and enhances coping.Significance of results:A delicate, skilled, tailored process has been described whereby doctors endeavor to create a space in which patients feel sufficiently safe to discuss intimate topics.
Adaptive und maladaptive Emotionsregulationsstrategien im Jugendalter
Authors: Lange Sarah , Tröster Heinrich 
Published: November 2015

Zusammenfassung. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde der Frage nachgegangen, ob sich Jugendliche unterschiedlicher Altersgruppen sowie Mädchen und Jungen in ihrer adaptiven und maladaptiven Regulation negativer Emotionen (Wut, Angst und Trauer) unterscheiden. Dazu wurden Emotionsregulationsstrategien von 843 Mädchen und Jungen zwischen 10 und 18 Jahren anhand des Fragebogens zur Erhebung der Emotionsregulation bei Kindern und Jugendlichen (FEEL-KJ) erfasst. 16- bis 18-Jährige berichteten darüber im Vergleich zu jüngeren Altersgruppen signifikant häufiger maladaptive Wege der Emotionsbewältigung zu nutzen. Mädchen gaben an mehr maladaptive Strategien als Jungen zur Regulierung ihrer Emotionen zu verfolgen. Keine Geschlechts- und Altersgruppeneffekte ergaben sich im Umgang mit Wut, Angst und Trauer bei der adaptiven Emotionsregulation. Unsere Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass vor allem das späte Jugendalter eine vulnerable Phase für eine ungünstige Emotionsregulation ist und Mädchen in ihrer Emotionsregulation gefördert werden sollten.
How Does Acculturation Shape Eating Behavior in Adolescents?
Authors: Steinhilber Amina , Dohnke Birte 
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Adolescent Turkish migrants constitute a high-risk group for unhealthy eating. The question stands whether acculturation should be considered a predictor for eating behavior. The present study examined the impact of acculturation by integrating it in the prototype-willingness model (PWM). A sample of adolescent Turkish migrants (N = 155) filled out a questionnaire at two waves. Acculturation, PWM variables, and eating behavior were assessed and analyzed with four structural equation models (unhealthy and healthy models). The augmented PWM accounted for 42.9 % and 37.5 % of eating behavior’s variance at Wave 1 and 2 in the unhealthy model, and for 16.2 % and 19.2 % in the healthy model. Only the reasoned action pathway was significant. Acculturation impacted eating behavior via attitudes and intention. It should be considered as additional model predictor and further target of healthy eating interventions.
Rapidly generating knockout mice from H19-Igf2 engineered androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells
Authors: Zhang Meili , Liu Yufang , Liu Guang , Li Xin , Jia Yuyan , Sun Lihong , Wang Liu , Zhou Qi , Huang Yue 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHaploid mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESCs) hold great promise for functional genetic studies and assisted reproduction. Recently, rodent androgenetic haploid ESCs (AG-haESCs) were generated from androgenetic blastocysts and functioned like sperm to produce viable offspring via the intracytoplasmic AG-haESCs injection into oocytes. However, the efficiency of this reproduction was very low. Most pups were growth-retarded and died shortly after birth, which is not practical for producing knockout animals. Further investigation suggested a possible link between the low birthrate and aberrant expression of imprinted genes. Here, we report the high-frequency generation of healthy, fertile mice from H19-Igf2 imprinting-locus modified AG-haESCs, which maintained normal paternal imprinting and pluripotency. Moreover, it is feasible to perform further genetic manipulations in these AG-haESCs. Our study provides a reliable and efficient tool to rapidly produce gene-modified mouse models and will benefit reproductive medicine in the future.
Physiological and genomic characterization of two novel marine thaumarchaeal strains indicates niche differentiation
Authors: Bayer Barbara , Vojvoda Jana , Offre Pierre , Alves Ricardo J E , Elisabeth Nathalie H , Garcia Juan A L , Volland Jean-Marie , Srivastava Abhishek , Schleper Christa , Herndl Gerhard J 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Ammonia-oxidizing Archaea (AOA) are ubiquitous throughout the oceanic water column; however, our knowledge on their physiological and ecological diversity in different oceanic regions is rather limited. Here, we report the cultivation and characterization of two novel Nitrosopumilus strains, originating from coastal surface waters of the Northern Adriatic Sea. The combined physiological and genomic information revealed that each strain exhibits different metabolic and functional traits, potentially reflecting contrasting life modes. Strain NF5 contains many chemotaxis-related genes and is able to express archaella, suggesting that it can sense and actively seek favorable microenvironments such as nutrient-rich particles. In contrast, strain D3C is non-motile and shows higher versatility in substrate utilization, being able to use urea as an alternative substrate in addition to ammonia. Furthermore, it encodes a divergent, second copy of the AmoB subunit of the key enzyme ammonia monooxygenase, which might have an additional catalytic function and suggests further metabolic versatility. However, the role of this gene requires further investigation. Our results provide evidence for functional diversity and metabolic versatility among phylogenetically closely related thaumarchaeal strains, and point toward adaptations to free-living versus particle-associated life styles and possible niche differentiation among AOA in marine ecosystems.
Antiperovskite Chalco-Halides Ba3(FeS4)Cl, Ba3(FeS4)Br and Ba3(FeSe4)Br with Spin Super-Super Exchange
Authors: Zhang Xian , Liu Kai , He Jian-Qiao , Wu Hui , Huang Qing-Zhen , Lin Jian-Hua , Lu Zhong-Yi , Huang Fu-Qiang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPerovskite-related materials have received increasing attention for their broad applications in photovoltaic solar cells and information technology due to their unique electrical and magnetic properties. Here we report three new antiperovskite chalco-halides: Ba3(FeS4)Cl, Ba3(FeS4)Br and Ba3(FeSe4)Br. All of them were found to be good solar light absorbers. Remarkably, although the shortest Fe-Fe distance exceeds 6 Å, an unexpected anti-ferromagnetic phase transition near 100 K was observed in their magnetic susceptibility measurement. The corresponding complex magnetic structures were resolved by neutron diffraction experiments as well as investigated by first-principles electronic structure calculations. The spin-spin coupling between two neighboring Fe atoms along the b axis, which is realized by the Fe-S···S-Fe super-super exchange mechanism, was found to be responsible for this magnetic phase transition.
Measuring empathy for human and robot hand pain using electroencephalography
Authors: Suzuki Yutaka , Galli Lisa , Ikeda Ayaka , Itakura Shoji , Kitazaki Michiteru 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study provides the first physiological evidence of humans’ ability to empathize with robot pain and highlights the difference in empathy for humans and robots. We performed electroencephalography in 15 healthy adults who observed either human- or robot-hand pictures in painful or non-painful situations such as a finger cut by a knife. We found that the descending phase of the P3 component was larger for the painful stimuli than the non-painful stimuli, regardless of whether the hand belonged to a human or robot. In contrast, the ascending phase of the P3 component at the frontal-central electrodes was increased by painful human stimuli but not painful robot stimuli, though the interaction of ANOVA was not significant, but marginal. These results suggest that we empathize with humanoid robots in late top-down processing similarly to human others. However, the beginning of the top-down process of empathy is weaker for robots than for humans.
Tuning the Reactivity of Radical through a Triplet Diradical Cu(II) Intermediate in Radical Oxidative Cross-Coupling
Authors: Zhou Liangliang , Yi Hong , Zhu Lei , Qi Xiaotian , Jiang Hanpeng , Liu Chao , Feng Yuqi , Lan Yu , Lei Aiwen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHighly selective radical/radical cross-coupling is paid more attention in bond formations. However, due to their intrinsic active properties, radical species are apt to achieve homo-coupling instead of cross-coupling, which makes the selective cross-coupling as a great challenge and almost untouched. Herein a notable strategy to accomplish direct radical/radical oxidative cross-coupling has been demonstrated, that is metal tuning a transient radical to a persistent radical intermediate followed by coupling with another transient radical. Here, a transient nitrogen-centered radical is tuned to a persistent radical complex by copper catalyst, followed by coupling with a transient allylic carbon-centered radical. Firstly, nitrogen-centered radical generated from N-methoxybenzamide stabilized by copper catalyst was successfully observed by EPR. Then DFT calculations revealed that a triplet diradical Cu(II) complex formed from the chelation N-methoxybenzamide nitrogen-centered radical to Cu(II) is a persistent radical species. Moreover, conceivable nitrogen-centered radical Cu(II) complex was observed by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Ultimately, various allylic amides derivatives were obtained in good yields by adopting this strategy, which might inspire a novel and promising landscape in radical chemistry.
Optical fiber tip templating using direct focused ion beam milling
Authors: Micco A. , Ricciardi A. , Pisco M. , La Ferrara V. , Cusano A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe report on a method for integrating sub-wavelength resonant structures on top of optical fiber tip. Our fabrication technique is based on direct milling of the glass on the fiber facet by means of focused ion beam. The patterned fiber tip acts as a structured template for successive depositions of any responsive or functional overlay. The proposed method is validated by depositing on the patterned fiber a high refractive index material layer, to obtain a ‘double-layer’ photonic crystal slab supporting guided resonances, appearing as peaks in the reflection spectrum. Morphological and optical characterizations are performed to investigate the effects of the fabrication process. Our results show how undesired effects, intrinsic to the fabrication procedure should be taken into account in order to guarantee a successful development of the device. Moreover, to demonstrate the flexibility of our approach and the possibility to engineering the resonances, a thin layer of gold is also deposited on the fiber tip, giving rise to a hybrid photonic-plasmonic structure with a complementary spectral response and different optical field distribution at the resonant wavelengths. Overall, this work represents a significant step forward the consolidation of Lab-on-Fiber Technology.
CD11b deficiency suppresses intestinal tumor growth by reducing myeloid cell recruitment
Authors: Zhang Qian-Qian , Hu Xi-Wen , Liu Yi-Long , Ye Zhi-Jin , Gui Yi-He , Zhou Da-Lei , Qi Cui-Ling , He Xiao-Dong , Wang Honglin , Wang Li-Jing 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMac-1 (CD11b) is expressed on bone marrow-derived immune cells. CD11b binds to ligands to regulate leukocyte adhesion and migration across the endothelium or epithelium. Here, we employed CD11b knockout mice and an ApcMin/+ spontaneous intestinal adenoma mouse model to clarify the function of CD11b in intestinal tumorigenesis. We showed that CD11b deficiency may contribute to the inhibition of myeloid cell trafficking to the tumor microenvironment and inactivated Wnt/β-catenin pathway to suppress tumor growth. This effect was partly mediated by inhibiting the myeloid cell-mediated decrease in TNF-α secretion, which inhibits the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells to the tumor microenvironment and subsequently induces IFN-γ and CXCL9 production. This work provides evidence for the mechanism by which CD11b may function as an important oncogene and highlights the potential of CD11b as a therapeutic target in CRC.
Diallyl disulfide attenuated carbon ion irradiation-induced apoptosis in mouse testis through changing the ratio of Tap73/ΔNp73 via mitochondrial pathway
Authors: Di Cui-xia , Han Lu , Zhang Hong , Xu Shuai , Mao Ai-hong , Sun Chao , Liu Yang , Si Jing , Li Hong-yan , Zhou Xin , Liu Bing , Miao Guo-ying 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDiallyl disulfide (DADS), a major organosulfur compound derived from garlic, has various biological properties, including anti-cancer effects. However, the protective mechanism of DADS against radiation-induced mouse testis cell apoptosis has not been elucidated. In this study, the magnitude of radiation effects evoked by carbon ion irradiation was marked by morphology changes, significant rise in apoptotic cells, activation expression of p53, up regulation the ratio of pro-apoptotic Tap73/anti-apoptotic ΔNp73, as well as alterations of crucial mediator of the mitochondrial pathway. Interestingly, pretreatment with DADS attenuated carbon ion irradiation-induced morphology damages and apoptotic cells. Additionally, DADS elevated radiation-induced p53 and p21 expression, suggesting that p53 might be involved in the inhibition of cell cycle progression through up regulation of p21. Furthermore, administration with DADS prevented radiation-induced Tap73/ΔNp73 expression and consequently down regulated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c release and caspase-3 expression, indicating that the balance between Tap73 and ΔNp73 had potential to activate p53 responsive genes. Thus, our results showed that radio protection effect of DADS on mouse testis is mediated by blocking apoptosis through changing the ratio of Tap73/ΔNp73 via mitochondrial pathway, suggesting that DADS could be used as a potential radio protection agent for the testis against heavy-ion radiation.
The Plasmodium palmitoyl-S-acyl-transferase DHHC2 is essential for ookinete morphogenesis and malaria transmission
Authors: Santos Jorge M. , Kehrer Jessica , Franke-Fayard Blandine , Frischknecht Friedrich , Janse Chris J. , Mair Gunnar R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe post-translational addition of C-16 long chain fatty acids to protein cysteine residues is catalysed by palmitoyl-S-acyl-transferases (PAT) and affects the affinity of a modified protein for membranes and therefore its subcellular localisation. In apicomplexan parasites this reversible protein modification regulates numerous biological processes and specifically affects cell motility and invasion of host cells by Plasmodium falciparum merozoites and Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. Using inhibitor studies we show here that palmitoylation is key to transformation of zygotes into ookinetes during initial mosquito infection with P. berghei. We identify DHHC2 as a unique PAT mediating ookinete formation and morphogenesis. Essential for life cycle progression in asexual blood stage parasites and thus refractory to gene deletion analyses, we used promoter swap (ps) methodology to maintain dhhc2 expression in asexual blood stages but down regulate expression in sexual stage parasites and during post-fertilization development of the zygote. The ps mutant showed normal gamete formation, fertilisation and DNA replication to tetraploid cells, but was characterised by a complete block in post-fertilisation development and ookinete formation. Our report highlights the crucial nature of the DHHC2 palmitoyl-S-acyltransferase for transmission of the malaria parasite to the mosquito vector through its essential role for ookinete morphogenesis.
Crude oil as a microbial seed bank with unexpected functional potentials
Authors: Cai Man , Nie Yong , Chi Chang-Qiao , Tang Yue-Qin , Li Yan , Wang Xing-Biao , Liu Ze-Shen , Yang Yunfeng , Zhou Jizhong , Wu Xiao-Lei 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIt was widely believed that oil is a harsh habitat for microbes because of its high toxicity and hydrophobicity. However, accumulating evidence has revealed the presence of live microbes in crude oil. Therefore, it’s of value to conduct an in-depth investigation on microbial communities in crude oil. To this end, microorganisms in oil and water phases were collected from four oil-well production mixtures in Qinghai Oilfield, China and analyzed for their taxonomic and functional compositions via pyrosequencing and GeoChip, respectively. Hierarchical clustering of 16S rRNA gene sequences and functional genes clearly separated crude oil and water phases, suggestive of distinct taxonomic and functional gene compositions between crude oil and water phases. Unexpectedly,Pseudomonasdominated oil phase where diverse functional gene groups were identified, which significantly differed from those in the corresponding water phases. Meanwhile, most functional genes were significantly more abundant in oil phase, which was consistent with their important roles in facilitating survival of their host organisms in crude oil. These findings provide strong evidence that crude oil could be a “seed bank” of functional microorganisms with rich functional potentials. This offers novel insights for industrial applications of microbial-enhanced oil recovery and bioremediation of petroleum-polluted environments.