bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risques collectifs et responsabilités individuelles dans les conseils diététiques au Québec, 1900-19401
Authors: Durand Caroline 
Published: June 2014

Cet article utilise le concept de « risque », défini comme une construction sociale et culturelle servant des objectifs politiques, pour expliquer pourquoi, au début du xxe siècle, les conseils sur la nutrition apparaissent et se multiplient au Québec. Il montre qu’une multitude d’intervenants qui émettaient des conseils sur la diète considéraient l’alimentation des classes sociales peu favorisées comme un problème affectant la collectivité, mais nécessitant surtout une autodiscipline plus stricte. Cette perception dominante des facteurs de risque liés à la diète a toutefois été contestée dans les années 1930, lorsque des découvertes scientifiques et médicales et l’émergence d’une nouvelle conception des problèmes sociaux et économiques ont changé les manières d’identifier ces risques et de s’en prémunir. Même si le gouvernement provincial n’intervenait pas au-delà de la sensibilisation et de l’éducation de la population, les conseils diététiques constituaient une manière de gouverner la population, car ils attribuaient la responsabilité d’une bonne alimentation et la culpabilité en cas d’échec aux individus et, en particulier, aux mères. Ils valorisaient aussi l’image du consommateur rationnel, du travailleur productif et de la mère au foyer, acteurs essentiels à la nation, à l’économie de marché et à l’ordre libéral.
Is Scintigraphy a Guideline Method in Determining Amputation Levels in Diabetic Foot?
Authors: Baykal Yakup Barbaros , Yaman Emre , Burc Halil , Yorgancigil Huseyin , Atay Tolga , Yıldız Mustafa 
Published: June 2014

Background
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential use of a 3-phase bone scintigraphy method to determine the level of amputation on treatment cost, morbidity and mortality, reamputation rates, and the duration of hospitalization in diabetic foot.

Methods
Thirty patients who were admitted to our clinic between September 2008 and July 2009, with diabetic foot were included. All patients were evaluated according to age, gender, diabetes duration, 3-phase bone scintigraphy, Doppler ultrasound, amputation/reamputation levels, and hospitalization periods. Patients underwent 3-phase bone scintigraphy using technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate, and the most distal site of the region displaying perfusion during the perfusion and early blood flow phase was marked as the amputation level. Amputation level was determined by 3-phase bone scintigraphy, Doppler ultrasound, and inspection of the infection-free clear region during surgery.

Results
The amputation levels of the patients were as follows: finger in six (20%), ray amputation in five (16.6%), transmetatarsal in one (3.3%), Lisfranc in two (6.6%), Chopart in seven (23.3%), Syme in one (3.3%), below-the-knee in six (20%), above the knee in one (3.3%), knee disarticulation in one (3.3%), and two patients underwent amputation at other centers. After primary amputation, reamputation was performed on seven patients, and one patient was treated with debridement for wound site problems. No mortality was encountered during study.

Conclusions
We conclude that 3-phase bone scintigraphy prior to surgery could be a useful method to determine the amputation level in a diabetic foot. We conclude that further, comparative, more comprehensive, long-term, and controlled studies are required.
A Replication Study of Ball and Brown (1968): Comparative Analysis of China and the US*
Authors: Chen Wanyu , Huang Wenli 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We replicate Ball and Brown (1968) using current US and Chinese data. We demonstrate that the significant relation between annual earnings changes and annual stock returns documented in Ball and Brown (1968) extends and holds to recent US data over the period 1971-2011 and that stock prices continue to react with some delay to unexpected earnings. This association result is confirmed using Chinese data over the period 1995-2011. However, our analysis reveals a key difference in relative magnitude—the Chinese stock market responds much more strongly to good news, and much less strongly to bad news, than the US market. In addition, we examine alternative selections of samples and benchmark returns using Chinese data. Our results suggest that the smaller magnitude and drift of market reaction in China cannot be driven by pre-warnings of earnings, firms in “abnormal trading status”, timing of earnings announcements, or alternative choices of benchmark returns, although the magnitude difference is greatly reduced when the financial crisis of 2007-2009 is excluded. Overall, our results confirm that earnings drive stock returns in both the US and China, but the market reaction to bad earnings news is notably muted in China, suggesting that non-earnings factors are more important in China.
Array analysis of the seismic wavefield of long‐period events and volcanic tremor at Arenal volcano, Costa Rica
Authors: Almendros Javier , Abella Rafael , Mora Mauricio M. , Lesage Philippe 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe use wavefield decomposition methods (time domain cross correlation and frequency domain multiple‐signal classification) to analyze seismic data recorded by a dense, small‐aperture array located 2 km West of Arenal volcano, Costa Rica, and operated during 2.5 days. The recorded wavefield is dominated by harmonic tremor and includes also spasmodic tremor and long‐period (LP) events. We find that the initial stages of LP events are characterized by three different wave arrivals. These arrivals propagate with similar back azimuths pointing to the volcano summit (∼80°N) and increasing apparent slowness of 0.4, 1.1, and 1.7 s/km. Spasmodic tremors cannot be regarded as coherent signals. On the contrary, harmonic tremors are highly coherent, characterized by the stability of the apparent slowness vector estimates. Apparent slowness lays in the range 1–2 s/km. Back azimuths point in the general direction of the volcano but with a large variability (40–120°N). Nevertheless, there are long‐term variations and evidences of multiple simultaneous components in the harmonic tremor wavefield. These observations suggest that LP events and tremor are generated in a shallow source area near the volcano summit, although they do not share exactly the same source region or source processes. The tremor source is located in the shallowest part of the plumbing system, beneath the lava crust. This dynamic region is subject to complex fluctuations of the physical conditions. Degassing events at different locations of this region might generate variable seismic radiation patterns. The effects of topography and heterogeneous shallow structure of the volcano may amplify these variations and produce the wide directional span observed for volcanic tremor. On the other hand, the LP source seems to be more repeatable. LP events are likely triggered by fragmentation of the fluid flow in a slightly deeper portion of the volcanic conduits.
Post Eruption inflation of the East Pacific Rise at 9°50′ N
Authors: Nooner Scott L. , Webb Spahr C. , Buck W. Roger , Cormier Marie‐Helene 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn June 2008, we installed a geodetic network at 9°50′ N on the East Pacific Rise to track the long‐term movement of magma following the 2005/6 eruption. This network consists of 10 concrete benchmarks stretching from the ridge to 9 km off‐axis. During three campaign‐style surveys, measurements of vertical seafloor motions were made at each of these benchmarks by precisely recording ambient seawater pressure as a proxy for seafloor depth with a mobile pressure recorder (MPR). The MPR was deployed using the manned submersible Alvin in 2008 and 2009 and the remotely operated vehicle Jason in 2011. The MPR observations are supplemented with data from a multiyear deployment of continuously recording bottom pressure recorders (BPRs) extending along this segment of the ridge that can record rapid changes in seafloor depth from seafloor eruptions and/or dike intrusions. These measurements show no diking events and up to 12 cm of volcanic inflation that occurred from December 2009 to October 2011 in the area of the 2005/6 eruption. These observations are fit with an inflating point source at a depth of 2.7 km and volume change of 2.3 × 106 m3/yr located on the ridge axis at approximately 9°51.166′ N, 407 m from our northernmost benchmark, suggesting that the magma chamber underlying this segment of the ridge is being recharged from a deeper source at a rate that is about half the long‐term inflation rate observed at Axial Seamount on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. These data represent the second location that active volcanic uplift has been measured on a mid‐ocean ridge segment, and the first on a nonhotspot influenced segment.
Instability of the Atlantic overturning circulation during Marine Isotope Stage 3
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Prange Matthias , Merkel Ute , Schulz Michael 
Published: June 2014

AbstractVariations in the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) were involved in the occurrences of Dansgaard‐Oeschger (D‐O) events during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3). The stability of the AMOC to North Atlantic freshwater perturbations is studied using a comprehensive climate model under MIS3 boundary conditions. An AMOC stability diagram constructed from a series of equilibrium freshwater perturbation experiments reveals a highly nonlinear dependence of AMOC strength on freshwater forcing. The MIS3 baseline state is remarkably unstable with respect to minor perturbations. The global climate signal associated with a change in AMOC strength is consistent with a transition from an interstadial to a stadial state including an annual mean surface air temperature drop of ~8 K in central Greenland. We suggest that minor freshwater perturbations in the hydrologic cycle, e.g., related to ice sheet processes, had the potential to trigger D‐O‐type climate shifts associated with a threshold in the atmosphere‐ocean system.
Planetary ageostrophic instability leads to superrotation
Authors: Wang Peng , Mitchell Jonathan L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe demonstrate the existence of a global‐scale, linear instability in the atmospheres of slowly rotating and/or small planets that spontaneously emerges and produces momentum convergence at the equator, thus supporting the development of planetary superrotation. We identify the instability as being barotropic, ageostrophic in nature, coupling an equatorial Kelvin wave with midlatitude or high‐latitude Rossby waves. This coupling requires a frequency matching of the Doppler‐shifted wave components and moderate spatial overlap between them, which are determined by two nondimensional parameters, the Rossby and Froude numbers. By diagnosing these parameters, we find that this instability is an essential and necessary process to obtain superrotation in dry atmospheric, general circulation models with axisymmetric forcing. The Rossby and Froude numbers for Solar System bodies are consistent with the presence or absence of superrotation, which suggests that they provide useful diagnostics for predicting the emergence of superrotation in the atmospheres of terrestrial planets.
Local time variations in Jupiter's magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling system
Authors: Ray L. C. , Achilleos N. A. , Vogt M. F. , Yates J. N. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe ionization of neutral material ejected by Jupiter's volcanically active moon, Io, results in a plasma disc that extends from Io's orbit out through the Jovian magnetosphere. This magnetospheric plasma is coupled to the planetary ionosphere via currents which flow along the magnetic field. Inside of ∼40 RJ, these currents transfer angular momentum from the planet to the magnetospheric plasma, in an attempt to keep the plasma rigidly corotating with the planet. Jupiter's main auroral emission is a signature of this current system. To date, one‐dimensional models of Jupiter's magnetosphere‐ionosphere (M‐I) coupling have either assumed a dipole field or used a field description appropriate to the postmidnight region of the Jovian magnetosphere. Vogt et al. (2011) described the variation of the N‐S component of the magnetic field in the center of the current sheet, BN, with local time and radius. We apply a 1‐D model of Jupiter's M‐I current system every hour in local time using a modified description of the Vogt et al. (2011) magnetic field to investigate how local time variations in the magnetosphere affect the auroral currents and plasma angular velocity. Our model predicts the strongest aurora at dawn, with a minimum in the auroral currents existing from noon through dusk. This is a few hours duskward of the discontinuity predicted by Radioti et al. (2008). While our model predictions are consistent with some of the observations, future MI coupling models must account for the azimuthal bendback in the magnetic field.
Revised CRISM spectral parameters and summary products based on the currently detected mineral diversity on Mars
Authors: Viviano Christina E. , Seelos Frank P. , Murchie Scott L. , Kahn Eliezer G. , Seelos Kimberley D. , Taylor Howard W. , Taylor Kelly , Ehlmann Bethany L. , Wiseman Sandra M. , Mustard John F. , Morgan M. Frank 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe investigation of hyperspectral data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) and the Observatoire pour la Minéralogie, L'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activitié (OMEGA) on Mars Express has revealed an increasingly diverse suite of minerals present on the Martian surface. A revised set of 60 spectral parameters derived from corrected spectral reflectance at key wavelengths in CRISM targeted observations and designed to capture the known diversity of surface mineralogy on Mars is presented here as “summary products.” Some of the summary products have strong heritage to OMEGA spectral parameter calculations; this paper also presents newly derived parameters that highlight locations with more recently discovered spectral signatures. Type locations for the diversity of currently identified mineral spectral signatures have been compiled into a library presented in this work. Our analysis indicates that the revised set of summary products captures the known spectral diversity of the surface, and successfully highlights and differentiates between locations with differing spectral signatures. The revised spectral parameter calculations and related products provide a useful tool for scientific interpretation and for future mission landing site selection and operations.
Stable isotopes complement focal individual observations and confirm dietary variability in reddish–gray mouse lemurs (Microcebusgriseorufus) from southwesternMadagascar
Authors: Crowley Brooke E. , Rasoazanabary Emilienne , Godfrey Laurie R. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTWe examine the ecology of reddish‐gray mouse lemurs from three habitats at Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve using focal follows and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data. Focal observations indicate dietary differences among habitats as well as sexes and seasons. Both sexes consume more arthropods during the rainy season but overall, females consume more sugar‐rich exudates and fruit than males, and individuals from riparian forest consume fewer arthropods and more fruit than those in xeric or dry forest. We ask whether these observations are isotopically detectable. Isotope data support differences between seasons and sexes. Nitrogen isotope values are higher during the rainy season when lemurs consume more arthropods, and higher in males than females, particularly during the dry season. However, differences among populations inferred from focal observations are not fully supported. Lemurs from riparian forest have lower isotope values than those in xeric scrub, but isotope data suggest that lemurs from the dry forest eat the least animal matter and that focal observations overestimated dry forest arthropod consumption. Overall, our results suggest that observational and isotopic data are complementary. Isotope data can be obtained from a larger number of individuals and can quantify ingestion of animal matter, but they apparently cannot quantify the relative consumption of different sugar‐rich foods. Combined focal and isotope data provide valuable insight into the dietary constraints of reddish‐grey mouse lemurs, with implications for their vulnerability to future habitat change. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:77–90, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Macrocyclic Protease Inhibitors with Reduced Peptide Character
Authors: Chua Krystle C. H. , Pietsch Markus , Zhang Xiaozhou , Hautmann Stephanie , Chan Hon Y. , Bruning John B. , Gütschow Michael , Abell Andrew D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThere is a real need for simple structures that define a β‐strand conformation, a secondary structure that is central to peptide–protein interactions. For example, protease substrates and inhibitors almost universally adopt this geometry on active site binding. A planar pyrrole is used to replace two amino acids of a peptide backbone to generate a simple macrocycle that retains the required geometry for active site binding. The resulting β‐strand templates have reduced peptide character and provide potent protease inhibitors with the attachment of an appropriate amino aldehyde to the C‐terminus. Picomolar inhibitors of cathepsin L and S are reported and the mode of binding of one example to the model protease chymotrypsin is defined by X‐ray crystallography.
Iron Porphyrin Carbenes as Catalytic Intermediates: Structures, Mössbauer and NMR Spectroscopic Properties, and Bonding
Authors: Khade Rahul L. , Fan Wenchao , Ling Yan , Yang Liu , Oldfield Eric , Zhang Yong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIron porphyrin carbenes (IPCs) are thought to be intermediates involved in the metabolism of various xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, as well as in chemical reactions catalyzed by metalloporphyrins and engineered P450s. While early work proposed IPCs to contain FeII, more recent work invokes a double‐bond description of the iron–carbon bond, similar to that found in FeIV porphyrin oxenes. Reported herein is the first quantum chemical investigation of IPC Mössbauer and NMR spectroscopic properties, as well as their electronic structures, together with comparisons to ferrous heme proteins and an FeIV oxene model. The results provide the first accurate predictions of the experimental spectroscopic observables as well as the first theoretical explanation of their electrophilic nature, as deduced from experiment. The preferred resonance structure is FeII←{:C(X)Y}0 and not FeIV{C(X)Y}2−, a result that will facilitate research on IPC reactivities in various chemical and biochemical systems.
Water‐Soluble Triarylboron Compound for ATP Imaging In Vivo Using Analyte‐Induced Finite Aggregation
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Guo Xudong , Cao Lixia , Xun Zhiqing , Wang Shuangqing , Li Shayu , Li Yi , Yang Guoqiang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAdenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) is a multifunctional molecule that participates in many important biological processes. Currently, fluorescence indicators for ATP with high performance are in demand. Reported herein is a novel water‐soluble triarylboron compound which displays an apparent ATP‐dependent fluorescence enhancement when dispersed in water. It can selectively recognize ATP from other bioactive substances in vitro and in vivo. The ATP‐induced finite aggregation endows the indicator with appreciable photostability and superior tolerance to environmental electrolytes. This indicator has been successfully applied to the ATP imaging in NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells. The difference in the ATP levels within the membrane and cytosol is clearly visible.
Molecularly Designed Nanoparticles by Dispersion of Self‐Assembled Organosiloxane‐Based Mesophases
Authors: Sakamoto Shigeru , Tamura Yasuhiro , Hata Hideo , Sakamoto Yasuhiro , Shimojima Atsushi , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe design of siloxane‐based nanoparticles is important for many applications. Here we show a novel approach to form core–shell silica nanoparticles of a few nanometers in size through the principle of “dispersion of ordered mesostructures into single nanocomponents”. Self‐assembled siloxane–organic hybrids derived from amphiphilic alkyl‐oligosiloxanes were postsynthetically dispersed in organic solvent to yield uniform nanoparticles consisting of dense lipophilic shells and hydrophilic siloxane cores. In situ encapsulation of fluorescent dyes into the nanoparticles demonstrated their ability to function as nanocarriers.
Gold‐Catalyzed Direct Hydrogenative Coupling of Nitroarenes To Synthesize Aromatic Azo Compounds
Authors: Liu Xiang , Li Hai‐Qian , Ye Sen , Liu Yong‐Mei , He He‐Yong , Cao Yong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe azo linkage is a prominent chemical motif which has found numerous applications in materials science, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Described herein is a sustainable heterogeneous‐gold‐catalyzed synthesis of azo arenes. Available nitroarenes are deoxygenated and linked selectively by the formation of NN bonds using molecular H2 without any external additives. As a result of a unique and remarkable synergy between the metal and support, a facile surface‐mediated condensation of nitroso and hydroxylamine intermediates is enabled, and the desired transformation proceeds in a highly selective manner under mild reaction conditions. The protocol tolerates a large variety of functional groups and offers a general and versatile method for the environmentally friendly synthesis of symmetric or asymmetric aromatic azo compounds.
Label‐Free Logic Modules and Two‐Layer Cascade Based on Stem‐Loop Probes Containing a G‐Quadruplex Domain
Authors: Guo Yahui , Cheng Junjie , Wang Jine , Zhou Xiaodong , Hu Jiming , Pei Renjun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA simple, versatile, and label‐free DNA computing strategy was designed by using toehold‐mediated strand displacement and stem‐loop probes. A full set of logic gates (YES, NOT, OR, NAND, AND, INHIBIT, NOR, XOR, XNOR) and a two‐layer logic cascade were constructed. The probes contain a G‐quadruplex domain, which was blocked or unfolded through inputs initiating strand displacement and the obviously distinguishable light‐up fluorescent signal of G‐quadruplex/NMM complex was used as the output readout. The inputs are the disease‐specific nucleotide sequences with potential for clinic diagnosis. The developed versatile computing system based on our label‐free and modular strategy might be adapted in multi‐target diagnosis through DNA hybridization and aptamer‐target interaction.
Whether to enter expressway or not? The impact of new variable message sign information
Authors: Gan Hongcheng , Ye Xin 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThis study develops a random effect panel data logit model that identifies the factors that influence expressway users' decision behavior under a new arterial road variable message sign information service. The new information service provides travel time of both an expressway route and an alternate arterial road route. It is based on the data collected from a stated preference survey of Shanghai drivers. Correlations within repeated choices by the same respondent were addressed. The results show that the random effect model performs well in addressing repeated observations and evidences the existence of common unobserved random factors affecting route choice behaviors of the same respondent. It is shown that drivers' decisions can be significantly influenced by the new information service. Driving experience, travel time saving, and occurrence of expressway accidents serve as positive factors whereas number of traffic lights on the arterial road serves as a negative factor in choosing the arterial road. Private car drivers, employer‐provided car drivers, and taxi drivers value number of traffic lights in a different way. Female drivers are more sensitive to expressway delays. Drivers with rich driving experience and female drivers are more sensitive to number of traffic lights. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.