bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Premenstrual syndrome and dysphoric disorder as risk factors for postpartum depression
Authors: Sylvén Sara M. , Ekselius Lisa , Sundström‐Poromaa Inger , Skalkidou Alkistis 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate a possible association between postpartum depression and premenstrual symptoms.DesignPopulation‐based cohort.SettingUniversity Hospital, Sweden.PopulationDuring one year, May 2006 to June 2007, all delivering women in the hospital were asked to participate.MethodsThe participating women answered three questionnaires, at five days, six weeks and six months postpartum, containing the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and questions assessing previous premenstrual symptoms, medical history and life style.Main outcome measuresThe woman's self‐reported depressive case/control status, women with 12 or more points on the EPDS being considered as cases.ResultsAmong the 2318 participating women, 7.1% had a history of premenstrual syndrome and 2.9% a history of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Previous premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder was associated with self‐reported postpartum depression at five days, six weeks and six months postpartum. After stratification for parity, the associations remained significant solely among multiparas.ConclusionsThere appears to be an association between a history of premenstrual symptoms and development of self‐reported postpartum depression. Parity was identified as effect modifier. This finding is clinically important for health care professionals working in maternity care.
Obesity and dental caries in children: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hayden Ceara , Bowler Jennifer O. , Chambers Stephanie , Freeman Ruth , Humphris Gerald , Richards Derek , Cecil Joanne E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectivesObesity and dental caries have become increasingly prevalent challenges to public health. Research results into the relationship between obesity and dental caries in children have been mixed and inconclusive. The aim of this review and meta‐analysis was to provide evidence to quantify the relationship between obesity and dental caries in children using a systematic approach.MethodsA systematic search for papers between 1980 and 2010 addressing childhood obesity and dental caries was conducted and a random effects model meta‐analysis applied.ResultsFourteen papers met the selection criteria. Overall, a significant relationship between childhood obesity and dental caries (effect size = 0.104, P = 0.049) was found. When analysed by dentition type (primary versus permanent), there was a nonsignificant association of obesity and dental caries in permanent and primary dentitions, yet on accounting only for standardized definitions for assessment of child obesity using body mass index, a strong significant relationship was evident in children with permanent dentitions. Moderating for study country of origin (newly ‘industrialized’ versus industrialized) showed a significant relationship between obesity and dental caries in children from industrialized but not newly industrialized countries. Cofactors such as age and socioeconomic class were significant moderators.ConclusionsFuture analysis should investigate these confounding variables, helping shape the future of obesity management programmes and oral health interventions, through determining common risk factors.
Controlling immune response and demyelination using highly potent bifunctional peptide inhibitors in the suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Kiptoo P , Büyüktimkin B , Badawi A H , Stewart J , Ridwan R , Siahaan T J 
Published: November 2012

SummaryIn this study, we investigated the efficacy of new bifunctional peptide inhibitors (BPIs) in suppressing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in an animal model. BPI [e.g. proteolipid protein–cyclo(1,8)-CPRGGSVC-NH2 (PLP-cIBR)] is a conjugate between the PLP139–151 peptide derived from proteolipid protein (PLP) and the cIBR7 peptide derived from domain-1 (D1) of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). PLP–cIBR is designed to bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II and leucocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) simultaneously to inhibit the formation of the immunological synapse and alter the differentiation and activation of a subpopulation of T cells, thus inducing immunotolerance. The results show that PLP–cIBR is highly potent in ameliorating EAE, even at low concentrations and less frequent injections. Mice treated with PLP–cIBR had a higher secretion of cytokines related to regulatory and/or suppressor cells compared to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated mice. In contrast, T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines were higher in mice treated with PBS compared to PLP–cIBR, suggesting that it suppressed Th1 proliferation. Also, we observed significantly less demyelination in PLP-cIBR-treated mice compared to the control, further indicating that PLP–cIBR promoted protection against demyelination.
Muramyl dipeptide mediated activation of human bronchial epithelial cells interacting with basophils: a novel mechanism of airway inflammation
Authors: Qiu H N , Wong C K , Chu I M T , Hu S , Lam C W K 
Published: November 2012

SummaryRespiratory tract bacterial infection can amplify and sustain airway inflammation. Intracytosolic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) is one member of the nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family, which senses the conserved structural peptidoglycan component muramyl dipeptide (MDP) in almost all bacteria. In the present study, activation of the NOD2 ligand MDP on primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE) co-cultured with human basophils was investigated. Cytokines, NOD2, adhesion molecules and intracellular signalling molecules were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or flow cytometry. The protein expression of NOD2 was confirmed in basophils/KU812 cells and HBE/human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) cells. MDP was found to up-regulate significantly the cell surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 on basophils and HBE in the co-culture system with or without basophil priming by interleukin (IL)-33 (all P &lt; 0·05). MDP could further enhance the release of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and chemokine CXCL8, and epithelium-derived anti-microbial peptide β-defensin 2 in the co-culture. HBE cells were the major source for the release of IL-6, CXCL8 and β-defensin2 upon stimulation by MDP in the co-culture system. The expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and release of IL-6 and CXCL8 were suppressed by various signalling molecule inhibitors, implying that the interaction between basophils and primary human bronchial epithelial cells could be regulated differentially by the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and nuclear transcription factors. The results therefore provide a new insight into the functional role of basophils in innate immunity, and the link between respiratory bacteria-mediated innate immunity and subsequent amplification of allergic inflammation in the airway.
Computer‐Aided Design Evaluation of Harvestable Mandibular Bone Volume: A Clinical and Tomographic Human Study
Authors: Verdugo Fernando , Simonian Krikor , Raffaelli Luca , D'Addona Antonio 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate and compare the volume of bone graft material that can be safely harvested from the mandibular symphysis and rami using a computer‐aided design (CAD) software program.Materials and MethodsPreoperative computerized tomography scans from 40 patients undergoing bone augmentation procedures were analyzed. Symphysis and rami cross sections were mapped using a CAD software program (AutoCAD®, Autodesk, Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA) to evaluate the bone volume that can be safely harvested. CAD calculations were contrasted to intrasurgical measurements in a subgroup of 20 individuals.ResultsCAD calculations yielded a safe harvestable osseous volume of 1.44 cm3 ± 0.49 for the symphysis and 0.82 cm3 ± 0.21 for each ramus (p < .0001, confidence interval [CI] 95%: 0.47–0.78). These measurements were significantly lower (p < .0001) than the bone volumes harvested intrasurgically for both symphysis and ramus, respectively (2.40 cm3 ± 0.50 vs. 2.65 cm3 ± 0.45). CAD calculations of harvestable symphysis and ramus bone translated into an average of 2.40 cm3 ± 0.50 (range: 1.80–3.10 cm3) and 2.65 cm3 ± 0.45 (range: 1.90–3.50) of particulate bone graft intrasurgically, respectively. Ramus cortical was significantly thicker than the symphysis cortical, 2.9 ± 0.4 mm versus 2.19 mm ± 0.4 mm (p < .0001, CI 95%: 0.45–1.03).ConclusionThe symphysis and rami are good harvesting sources to obtain dense corticocancellous bone. The significant volumetric CAD differences between the symphysis and ramus seem to balance out intrasurgically and may be due to the greater cortical bone volume at the ramus area. It is plausible to harvest an average of 7.70 cm3 from the symphysis and rami alone. The use of a CAD software program can enhance surgical treatment planning prior to bone transplantation.
Simultaneous Sinus Lift and Implant Installation: Prospective Study of Consecutive Two Hundred Seventeen Sinus Lift and Four Hundred Sixty‐Two Implants
Authors: Cha Hyun‐Suk , Kim Andrew , Nowzari Hessam , Chang Hoo‐Sun , Ahn Kang‐Min 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurposeIf less than 4 mm of residual bone is remained in posterior maxilla, two‐stage operation is recommended for implant installation. However, if primary stability could be obtained using tapered designed implants, one‐stage surgery could be performed with reliable success rate in severely resorbed maxilla. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate survival and success rates of the implants simultaneously placed into grafted sinus using rough‐surfaced implant.Materials and MethodsA total of two hundred seventeen consecutive sinus lifting through lateral approach and four hundred sixty‐two simultaneous implants were installed from November 2003 for 5.5 years. Xenogenic bone was used solely for bone graft materials. Second surgery was performed around 6 months after operation and porcelain fused metal or gold crown was used for definitive restorations. Cumulative survival and success rates were evaluated according to residual alveolar bone height (RABH), smoking status, and Schneiderian membrane perforation.ResultsThe mean follow‐up was 57.1 ± 15.6 (36–98) months. Of the four hundred sixty‐two implants, two hundred sixty‐two implants (56.7%: group 1) were installed in posterior maxilla less than 4‐mm RABH and two hundred implants (43.3%: group 2) were placed in over 5‐mm RABH. The cumulative survival and success rates were 98.91% and 96.54%. There was no statistically significant difference in success rate between group 1 and group 2 (p = .3135). Perforation of the membrane was not related to success (p = .7162), but smoking status is significantly related with implant failure (p = .0003).ConclusionsSinus lifting with simultaneous implant placement could be used to treat atrophic maxilla in patients with minimal RABH when initial stability could be obtained by using taper designed implants with surgical techniques. Smoking is a possible factor for implant failure. Membrane perforation did not have an adverse effect on implant success if the membrane was repaired with absorbable membrane and fibrin glue.
Quantitative Comparison of Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Microradiography in the Evaluation of Bone Density after Maxillary Sinus Augmentation: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Soardi Carlo M. , Zaffe Davide , Motroni Alessandro , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurposeCone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and microradiographic analyses were comparatively performed in maxillary sinus augmentation to preliminarily verify the diagnostic potential of CBCT on the evaluation of bone regeneration.Materials and MethodsA two‐stage protocol was conducted in 19 consenting patients, all having the crestal bone ≤2 mm, in private dental office. Mineralized human bone allograft particles were used to augment sinus using lateral window approach. A succession of CBCT scans of the maxilla was taken before surgery, after sinus augmentation, and immediately after implant insertion. Using virtual probes, CBCT data were processed by medical imaging software and expressed as gray level (GL). A bone core biopsy was taken at implant placement, 6 months after surgery. Microradiography of transverse sections, taken 6, 8, and 10 mm from the crestal surface, of methacrylate‐embedded biopsies was performed to analyze and to evaluate the mineralized material amount (MM%).ResultsA total of 21 sinus augmentations were performed. CBCT (mean GL: 646–693) data were not statistically different when comparing 6‐, 8‐, and 10‐mm sites to after grafting/implant‐insertion values. Furthermore, microradiographic (mean MM%: 45.3–48.3) data were not statistically different comparing 6‐, 8‐, and 10‐mm sites, due to variation of values among patients. A GL and MM% parallelism was identified considering each patient, instead. A significant correlation (p < .001) between GL and MM% was found after both Wilcoxon test for paired data and simple linear regression analysis.ConclusionsThe preliminary result clearly demonstrated the predictability of the CBCT analysis. Due to the limited sample and great variations of the MM% recorded in patients, further clinical and morphometric studies are needed to fulfill diagnostic expectations.
Neurocognitive consequences of a paediatric brain tumour and its treatment: a meta‐analysis
Authors: DE RUITER MARIEKE A , VAN MOURIK ROSA , SCHOUTEN‐VAN MEETEREN ANTOINETTE Y N , GROOTENHUIS MARTHA A , OOSTERLAAN JAAP 
Published: November 2012

Aim  This meta‐analysis provides a systematic review of studies into intellectual and attentional functioning of paediatric brain tumour survivors (PBTS) as assessed by two widely used measures: the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (3rd edition; WISC‐III) and the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT).Method  Studies were located that reported on performance of PBTS (age range 6–16y). Meta‐analytic effect sizes were calculated for Full‐scale IQ, Performance IQ, and Verbal IQ as measured by the WISC‐III, and mean hit reaction time, errors of omission, and errors of commission as measured by the CPT. Exploratory analyses investigated the possible impacts of treatment mode, tumour location, age at diagnosis, and time since diagnosis on intelligence.Results  Twenty‐nine studies were included: 22 reported on the WISC‐III in 710 PBTS and seven on CPT results in 372 PBTS. PBTS performed below average (ps<0.001) on Full‐scale IQ (Cohen’s d=−0.79), Performance IQ (d=−0.90), and Verbal IQ (d=−0.54). PBTS committed more errors of omission than the norm (d=0.82, p<0.001); no differences were found for mean hit reaction time and errors of commission. Cranial radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and longer time since diagnosis were associated with lower WISC‐III scores (ps<0.05).Interpretation  PBTS have seriously impaired intellectual functioning and attentiveness. Being treated with cranial radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy as well as longer time since diagnosis leads to worse intellectual functioning.
Autism and other psychiatric comorbidity in neurofibromatosis type 1: evidence from a population‐based study
Authors: GARG SHRUTI , LEHTONEN ANNUKKA , HUSON SUSAN M , EMSLEY RICHARD , TRUMP DOROTHY , EVANS D GARETH , GREEN JONATHAN 
Published: November 2012

Aim  To investigate psychopathology in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), particularly the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology, using a population‐based sampling approach.Method  Standard questionnaire screen reports were analysed for ASD (Social Responsiveness Scale, SRS), ADHD (Conners’ Parent Rating Scale‐ Revised, CPRS‐R), and other psychiatric morbidity (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ) from parents and teachers of children aged from 4 to 16 years (112 females, 95 males) on the UK North West Regional Genetic Service register for NF1.Results  Parental response rate was 52.7% (109/207 children; 59 females, 50 males, mean age 9y 11mo, SD 3y 3mo). The SRS showed that in 29.4% (32/109) of children, autism was in the severe, clinical range (T‐score>75) and in 26.6% (29/109) in the mild to moderate range (T‐score 60–75). CPRS‐R scores showed that in 53.8% (57/106) of children autism was in the clinical ADHD range (ADHD index T‐score>65). Based on their scores on the SDQ total difficulties scale, 41.5% (44/106) of children were in the abnormal range and 14.2% (15/106) were in the borderline range. Twenty‐five per cent (26/104) of children met criteria for both clinical autism and ADHD.Interpretation  This representative population‐based sample of children with NF1 indicates a high prevalence of ASD symptoms associated with NF1 as well as substantial co‐occurrence with ADHD symptoms. The findings clarify the psychopathology of NF1 and show the disorder as a potentially important single‐gene cause for autism symptoms.
Emerged or imposed: a theory on the role of physical templates and self‐organisation for vegetation patchiness
Authors: Sheffer Efrat , von Hardenberg Jost , Yizhaq Hezi , Shachak Moshe , Meron Ehud 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this article, we develop a unifying framework for the understanding of spatial vegetation patterns in heterogeneous landscapes. While much recent research has focused on self‐organised vegetation the prevailing view is still that biological patchiness is mostly due to top‐down control by the physical landscape template, disturbances or predators. We suggest that vegetation patchiness in real landscapes is controlled both by the physical template and by self‐organisation simultaneously, and introduce a conceptual model for the relative roles of the two mechanisms. The model considers four factors that control whether vegetation patchiness is emerged or imposed: soil patch size, plant size, resource input and resource availability. The last three factors determine the plant‐patch size, and the plant‐to‐soil patch size ratio determines the impact of self‐organisation, which becomes important when this ratio is sufficiently small. A field study and numerical simulations of a mathematical model support the conceptual model and give further insight by providing examples of self‐organised and template‐controlled vegetation patterns co‐occurring in the same landscape. We conclude that real landscapes are generally mixtures of template‐induced and self‐organised patchiness. Patchiness variability increases due to source–sink resource relations, and decreases for species of larger patch sizes.
Does metazooplankton regulate the ciliate community in a shallow eutrophic lake?
Authors: AGASILD HELEN , ZINGEL PRIIT , KARUS KATRIT , KANGRO KERSTI , SALUJÕE JAANA , NÕGES TIINA 
Published: November 2012

Summary1. As grazers on picoplankton and nanoplankton, planktonic ciliates form an important link in pelagic food webs. Ciliate communities may be controlled by predation by metazooplankton. In eutrophic systems, however, where the number of large crustaceans is often low, the mechanisms that regulate ciliate dynamics have rarely been described.2. We conducted an enclosure experiment with natural and screened (145 μm) summer plankton communities to investigate the effect of the small‐sized crustacean zooplankton on ciliate community structure and the microbial loop in a shallow eutrophic lake.3. The removal of the larger fraction of crustaceans initiated a decrease in total ciliate abundance. At the community level, we observed a substantial increase in large‐sized predacious ciliates (>100 μm) and a simultaneous decrease in the abundance of smaller ciliates (<20–40 μm) that were mostly bacterivores and bacterio‐herbivores. The compositional shift in the ciliate community, however, did not cascade down to the level of bacteria and edible phytoplankton.
Hydrological connectivity structures concordant plant and animal assemblages according to niche rather than dispersal processes
Authors: WARFE DANIELLE M. , PETTIT NEIL E. , MAGIEROWSKI REGINA H. , PUSEY BRADLEY J. , DAVIES PETER M. , DOUGLAS MICHAEL M. , BUNN STUART E. 
Published: November 2012

Summary1. Understanding the processes that structure community assembly across landscapes is fundamental to ecology and for predicting and managing the consequences of anthropogenically induced changes to ecosystems.2. We assessed the community similarity of fish, macroinvertebrate and vegetation communities against geographic distances ranging from 4 to 480 km (i.e. distance–decay relationships) to determine the balance between local environmental factors and regional dispersal processes, and thus whether species‐sorting (niche processes) or dispersal limitation (neutral processes) was more important in structuring these assemblages in Australia’s wet‐dry tropics. We investigated whether the balance between niche and dispersal processes depended on the degree of hydrological connectivity, predicting that dispersal processes would be more important at connected sites, and also whether there was spatial concordance among these three assemblage types.3. There was significant but weak spatial concordance among the study communities, suggesting limited potential for surrogacy among them. Distance–decay in community similarity was not observed for any study assemblage at perennial sites, suggesting dispersal was not limiting and assemblages were structured more strongly by local niche processes at these connected sites. At intermittent sites, weak distance–decay relationships for each assemblage type were confounded by significant relationships with environmental dissimilarity, suggesting that dispersal limitation contributed, albeit weakly, to niche processes in structuring our three study assemblages at disconnected sites.4. Two environmental factors, flow regime and channel width, explained significant proportions of variation in all three assemblages, potentially contributing to the observed spatial concordance between them and representing local environmental gradients along which these communities re‐assemble after the wet season, according to niche rather than dispersal processes.