bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of higher education in the modern economy
Authors: Новикова Наталья , Novikova Natalya , Мухоморова Ирина , Mukhomorova Irina 
Published: April 2015

Modernization in Russia is objectively dictated by the tightening of global competition between countries and the need for structural optimization of the domestic economy. In today&#180;s environment the results of the modernization of the Russian economy influence directly on the welfare of the country in the future, elimination of the technological gap, improving efficiency in all sectors of the economy and professional fields.
The process of modernization is aimed at solving a minimum of three tasks: to ensure structural balance of the national economy; technological innovation; the formation of an innovative model of economic development. Formation of such a model of the economy implies an increase in the economy of knowledge-intensive and high-tech industries.
With two possible and mutually exclusive approaches to the state economy modernization and technological development, autocratic and democratic, the latter is the most effective, since upgrading cannot be achieved without direct participation of business, civil society and individual citizens with a high level of competence of the government. Federal authorities at the same time play the role of a facilitator, providing legal, organizational and financial support, and as well as a system of processes.
Economic modernization and technological development will require training of skilled human capital, which may be provided by the proper functioning of the system of education in Russia. Development of education should be coordinated with social and economic development, and activities of educational institutions should be integrated into innovation processes at the national and regional levels.
High importance in solving these problems is given to the development of mechanisms of interaction of educational institutions with the business environment, general public and to changing the format of relations with the state education authorities.
Characteristics of tourist potential of the region (by the example of Pushkino, Moscow Region)
Authors: Суслова Ирина , Suslova Irina , Поворина Елена , Povorina Elena 
Published: April 2015

In modern conditions tourism is seen as an important factor of socio-economic development of the administrative-territorial units. In this case, each region has an opportunity to disclose its tourist potential and on this basis to identify conditions that determine the possibilities of a better use of tourist potential. Since the foundation of the tourist potential of the region are the objects of tourism, defining the extent of its appeal to the target audience, special attention should be paid to the formation of a certified database, reflecting their quantitative and qualitative composition.
The article describes the approaches to the systematization of tourist objects of an administrative and territorial unit according to the types of tourist space: natural, cultural, historical, anthropological, recreation, event, service, mythological, scientific, as well as the different subtypes and groups to display. The results of the study of tourist objects are made by this technique for the city of Pushkino, Moscow region. The features are highlighted, which are contributing to the formation of the overall perception for tourists of the attractiveness of the city and reflect the results of the structural analysis of the quantitative composition of the tourist sites of the city on the typological classification criteria and territorial location. Identified are possible characteristics of Pushkino&#180;s administrative territory, which has sufficient capacity to promote the tourist market by actively developing suburbs in several types of tourism and attract the interest of different target audiences. Identified are types of tourism development and positioning in terms of territorial competition to which the city should pay particular attention. Formulated are the basic conditions for their successful development, contributing to the creation of tourist image of Pushkino, which is set apart from other administrative units of the Moscow region.
Igneous Rock Associations 17. Advances in the Textural Quantification of Crystalline Rocks
Authors: Higgins Michael Denis 
Published: April 2015

During the last 20 years, textural (microstructural) studies have regained their place in the pantheon of petrographic methods. This has happened by quantifying textures, so that models can be developed and tested – an approach that has proved to be so successful for chemical and isotopic studies. The combination of chemical, isotopic and textural methods, especially if applied to different crystal populations, can be a very powerful tool in the clarification of petrologic histories of rocks. Here, I will discuss some recent advances in the application of textural studies to crystalline rocks.RÉSUMÉAu cours des 20 dernières années, les études de texture (microstructure) ont retrouvé leur place au panthéon des méthodes pétrographiques. Cela a pu se produire grâce à la quantification des textures, permettant ainsi de développer et tester des modèles – une approche qui s’est avérée très bénéfique pour les études chimiques et isotopiques. La combinaison de méthodes chimiques, isotopiques et d’analyse texturale, en particulier si elles sont appliquées à des populations distinctes de cristaux, peut être un outil très puissant permettant de définir l’histoire pétrologique des roches. Dans le présent article, je vais discuter de certaines percées récentes dans l'application d’études texturales de roches cristallines.
Developing a specialist-nurse-led ‘COPD in-reach service’
Authors: Cope Kathryn , Fowler Laura , Pogson Zara 
Published: April 2015

Aim: To develop and implement a respiratory clinical-nurse-specialist-led chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ‘in-reach service’ for an emergency admission unit within a large acute county hospital. Method: Data collected during the service development were compared with existing data when no COPD in-reach service was available. Data were compared on average length of stay, readmission rates, ‘early assisted discharge’ and patient experience. Findings: The COPD in-reach service reduced average length of stay for COPD patients by 2.53 days and readmission rates were reduced by an average of 4.5 per month; 17% of patients were discharged on an early assisted discharge scheme, and overall patients felt more prepared and ready for discharge. Conclusion: The COPD in-reach service has been proven to be of great benefit both financially and in terms of patient experience.
Implementing a new teaching and learning strategy for CVAD care
Authors: Kelly Linda J , Green Audrey , Hainey Karen 
Published: April 2015

Background: Central venous access devices (CVADs) are now a fundamental part of contemporary healthcare. Despite having many advantages, there are also complications associated with them. Evidence suggests that educating and training health professionals who maintain CVADs is essential for preventing such complications, however, the most effective approach for this training has not been evaluated. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether the introduction of an innovative educational intervention within a higher education institution (HEI) improved the confidence and knowledge of registered nurses dealing with CVADs. Methods: A survey design consisting of a self-completion questionnaire and open-ended questions was used. Results: This study demonstrated that nurses felt more confident following participation in the training. In addition, nurses discussed the advantages of training outside of the clinical setting as it provided them with a safe place to practise and gave them time to learn without interruption. The findings from this study suggest that the HEIs can provide an effective and safe environment for registered nurses to build confidence and knowledge in CVAD management.
The shifting balance of power in Iraqi Kurdistan: The struggle for democracy with uninstitutionalized governance
Authors: Yoshioka Akiko 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In September 2013 the fourth elections of the Kurdistan Parliament, a legislative assembly of the Kurdistan region of Iraq, were conducted. During the election campaigns, Kurdistan’s internal affairs dominated the public discussion entirely, reflecting the situation that the highly autonomous status was no longer challenged, even though the boundaries of the region were not settled with the Iraqi government. The two main political parties, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) had dominated the political order since the beginning of autonomy in the early 1990s; however, the election results in 2013 clearly showed that the bipartisan era was ending. The opposition Gorran surged to second in the elections and thereby became one of the leading parties in Kurdistan. The negotiation for the formation of the eighth Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) faced tremendous difficulties because the KRG has never been fully institutionalized as an administrative organization. Still under the strong influence of the two parties; this has caused friction since the basis of democracy is that power should rotate according to election results.
Double defiance and the diary’s generic boundaries: Nuha al-Radi’s chronicle of war and exile
Authors: Malak Amin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
As the US-led coalition forces were bombing Baghdad in 1991, the prominent Iraqi ceramist Nuha al-Radi began writing a diary in English, which now represents, as a book titled Baghdad Diaries ([1998] 2003), a valuable document about what the ordinary civilians went through during a war in which they had no say. While the diary demonstrates the horrible human losses, material damages and environmental degradation inflicted by a savage war, it also reveals the fear of living under an oppressive dictatorial regime. The diary becomes a nuanced, carefully coded message, defying the double tyrannies of a genocidal, rogue regime that brutalizes its people and an arrogant superpower that so callously harms a helpless, hapless population. As well, al-Radi, with the prescience of an artist, anticipates the future horrors that befall Iraq after yet another war in 2003, launched by the same superpower. In this respect, I query Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s argument that ‘literature cannot predict, but it may prefigure’. Moreover, by exposing the hypocrisy and illogic of war and by organically extrapolating her own suffering during the war and in exile with the collective agonies of an entire nation, al-Radi expands the boundaries of the diary by transcending the solipsistic pitfalls with which the genre might tempt the diarist: she politicizes the hardships and emotions of the personal and endows the intimacy of the private with a public significations. The expansive contexts embracing Baghdad Diaries ([1998] 2003) thus demonstrate the genre’s validity, versatility and open possibilities.
Review Essay
Authors: Ismael Tareq Y. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A controversial page from the history of the Iraqi Communist Party
Âmir ‘Abd-ul-lah, Al-Nâr wa Marârat al-’Amal: FaS.l Sâkhin min FuS.ûl Al-H.arakah Al-Shiyû‘iyyah, H.usain Sha‘bân (2014) Baghdad: Mesopotamia Publishing House, 342 pp., ISBN: N/A, p/bk, $10USD
The effect of different doses of caffeine on cardiovascular variables and shooting performance
Authors: Ebrahimi Mohsen , Pordanjani Abbas Foroughi , Ahmadabadi Fereshte 
Published: April 2015

Summary
Study aim: the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of 3 mg and 5 mg per kg of body weight of caffeine on heart rate, blood pressure and shooting performance among elite shooters.

Material and methods: sStudy participants comprised 8 male shooters among athletes at the national level with at least 2 years of experience, with the mean age (26.50±13.08 years), weight (73.02 ± 12.2 kg), height (174.62 ± 8.97 cm) and BMI (23.93 ± 2.88 kg/m2). The blood pressure and heart rate of all participants were measured at rest. Participants then randomly took caffeine (3 mg and 5 mg per kg of body weight) or placebo for 3 different days, 2 days apart. One hour after ingestion, they shot with rifle and air pistol. Statistical analysis was performed using the ANOVA with repeated measures and the Bonferroni test.

Results: the results of the survey showed that taking 5 mg/kg of caffeine caused a significant increase in systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) and also caused a significant increase in heart rate (p < 0.05) and a significant decrease in shooting performance (p < 0.05). Moreover, taking 3 mg/kg of caffeine caused a significant increase in systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). But this amount of caffeine had no significant effect on the heart rate, diastolic blood pressure or shooting performance (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: the results of this study suggest that taking 5 mg/kg of caffeine can increase the blood pressure and heart rate of the shooters that leads to a decrease in shooting performance.
Differences in wood properties of Picea abies L. Karst. in relation to site of provenance and population genetics
Authors: Sandak Jakub , Sandak Anna , Cantini Claudio , Autino Antonella 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Chemical and physical characteristics of wood from six European populations of Picea abies were investigated taking into consideration their genetic differentiation determined by four microsatellites markers. The growth conditions of investigated spruce trees differed significantly. As a consequence, several adaptations were observed in samples from varying environments. The adaptation mechanisms include a variation to the annual rings morphology as well as the physical properties of the wood. It was proved that some properties, such as wood density or latewood ratio, are strictly correlated to the environmental variables. Results show that trees from geographically distinct populations present some diversity in the genotypes. It was also noticed that some trees did not share their genetic profile with other plants from the same location due to high intrapopulation variability. Samples from Finland possessed the lowest level of internal differentiation, while samples from northern Poland presented the lowest allele richness and were most divergent from the others. It was not possible to correlate any wood properties (chemical or physical) to genetic features of the population due to high intrapopulation diversity.
Threshold for ion movements in wood cell walls below fiber saturation observed by X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM)
Authors: Zelinka Samuel L. , Gleber Sophie-Charlotte , Vogt Stefan , Rodríguez López Gabriela M. , Jakes Joseph E. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Diffusion of chemicals and ions through the wood cell wall plays an important role in wood damage mechanisms. In the present work, free diffusion of ions through wood secondary walls and middle lamellae has been investigated as a function of moisture content (MC) and anatomical direction. Various ions (K, Cl, Zn, Cu) were injected into selected regions of 2 μm thick wood sections with a microinjector and then the ion distribution was mapped by means of X-ray fluorescence microscopy with submicron spatial resolution. The MC of the wood was controlled in situ by means of climatic chamber with controlled relative humidity (RH). For all ions investigated, there was a threshold RH below which the concentration profiles did not change. The threshold RH depended upon ionic species, cell wall layer, and wood anatomical orientation. Above the threshold RH, differences in mobility among ions were observed and the mobility depended upon anatomical direction and cell wall layer. These observations support a recently proposed percolation model of electrical conduction in wood. The results contribute to understanding the mechanisms of fungal decay and fastener corrosion that occur below the fiber saturation point.
Air Oxidation Behavior of Two Ti-Base Alloys Synthesized by HIP
Authors: Liu S. , Guo Q. Q. , Liu L. L. , Xu L. , Liu Y. Y. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe oxidation behavior of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn and Ti-6Al-4V produced by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) has been studied at 650–850°C in air for 24 h. The oxidation kinetics of both alloys followed the parabolic law with good approximation, except for Ti-5Al-2.5Sn oxidized at 850°C. Multi-layered scales formed on both alloys at 750°C and 850°C. Ternary additions of Sn and V accounted for the different morphology of the scales formed on these two alloys. In addition, the oxidation behavior of HIP alloys is compared with that of the corresponding cast alloys and the scaling mechanism is discussed.
The Venture of Marshall Hodgson: Visionary Historian of Islam and the World
Authors: Tamari Steve 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMarshall Hodgson’s scholarship, notably his contribution of the “Islamicate” to the study of Islamic civilization, parallels the work of other legendary world historians, notably Arnold Toynbee, Fernand Braudel and William McNeill. Hodgson’s work is unique in distinguishing the religious – that is, Islamic – aspects of history from the non-Muslim cultural and scientific aspects of this history as well as the roles played by non-Muslims who happened to be ruled by Muslims. Hodgson also emphasized continuities between Islamicate civilization and the wider world. In so doing, Hodgson was a precursor of much of today’s global history, from his criticism of Eurocentrism to his extensive study of cultural and historical interconnections and interdependencies. This essay reintroduces a few of Hodgson’s contributions and makes the case for greater scholarly attention to his work.
Autonomes Fahren auf der historischen Bertha-Benz-Route
Authors: Dang Thao , Lauer Martin , Bender Philipp , Schreiber Markus , Ziegler Julius , Franke Uwe , Fritz Hans , Strauß Tobias , Lategahn Henning , Keller Christoph G. , Kaus Eberhard , Rabe Clemens , Appenrodt Nils , Pfeiffer David , Lindner Frank , Stein Fridtjof , Erbs Friedrich , Enzweiler Markus , Knöppel Carsten , Hipp Jochen , Haueis Martin , Trepte Maximilian , Brenk Carsten , Tamke Andreas , Ghanaat Mohammad , Braun Markus , Joos Armin , Mock Horst , Hein Martin , Petrich Dominik , Schneider Nicolai , Kronjäger Winfried , Zeeb Eberhard , Stiller Christoph , Herrtwich Ralf G. 
Published: April 2015

Zusammenfassung
Im Jahre 1888 trat Bertha Benz die erste Überlandfahrt in der
Geschichte des Automobils an. 125 Jahre später wiederholte die
Mercedes Benz S-Klasse S 500 Intelligent Drive diese
historische Fahrt von Mannheim nach Pforzheim – selbständig, ohne
Fahrereingriff und im realen Verkehr. Die Bertha-Benz-Route ist
103 km lang und zeichnet sich durch eine breite Vielfalt von zu
bewältigenden Fahrsituationen aus, die repräsentativ für den heutigen
Alltagsverkehr sind. Die Strecke beinhaltet die Innenstädte von
Mannheim und Heidelberg sowie die Durchfahrung von 23 Ortschaften und
kleineren Städten. Zu den Situationen, die ein autonomes Fahrzeug auf
der Bertha-Benz-Route beherrschen muss, gehören z. B. Kreisverkehre,
Kreuzungen mit und ohne Ampelanlagen, Zebrastreifen, Überholen von
Radfahrern oder enge Ortsdurchfahrten mit entgegenkommendem
Verkehr. Eine Besonderheit des vorgestellten Projektes war die
ausschließliche Verwendung seriennaher Sensorik. Kameras und
Radarsensoren in Verbindung mit einer präzisen digitalen Karte
ermöglichten die Erfassung des Fahrzeugumfelds auch in komplexen
Situationen. Dieser Artikel liefert eine Systemübersicht des
Fahrzeugs. Er beschreibt die kamerabasierte Umgebungswahrnehmung, die
verwendeten digitalen Karten und die kartenrelative
Selbstlokalisierung sowie die Manöverplanung in komplexen
Verkehrsszenarien.
Holografische Mehrpunktgenerierung zur Positionsanalyse
Authors: Haist Tobias , Gronle Marc , Bui Duc Anh , Osten Wolfgang 
Published: April 2015

Zusammenfassung
Mittels einer einfachen Modifikation des optischen Abbildungssystems
werden statistische Fehler sowie Diskretisierungsfehler bei der bildbasierten
Positionsbestimmung deutlich verringert. Hierzu wird vor dem abbildenden
Objektiv ein Hologramm als Vervielfältigungselement eingesetzt. Ein einzelner
heller Objektpunkt wird so in der Ebene des Bildsensors in N Punkte
aufgespalten. Statistische Messunsicherheiten deutlich unterhalb 1/100 Pixel
lassen sich auf diese Weise mit preisgünstigen Standardsensoren
erzielen. Vorgestellt werden Messergebnisse für LED-basierte Beleuchtung im
Vergleich zu interferometrischen Kontrollmessungen. Eine Detailanalyse zeigt,
dass die verbleibenden Restfehler vor allem von punktabhängigen
Diskretisierungsfehlern dominiert werden.
Synthesizing images using parameterized models for automated optical inspection (AOI)
Authors: Retzlaff Max-Gerd , Stabenow Josua , Beyerer Jürgen , Dachsbacher Carsten 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
When designing or improving systems for automated optical inspection (AOI),
systematic evaluation is an important but costly necessity to achieve and ensure high quality.
Computer graphics methods can be used to quickly create large virtual sets of
samples of test objects and to simulate image acquisition setups.
We use procedural modeling techniques to generate virtual
objects with varying appearance and properties, mimicking real objects and
sample sets.
Physical simulation of rigid bodies is deployed to simulate the placement of virtual objects, and
using physically-based rendering techniques we create synthetic images.
These are used as input to an AOI system instead of physically acquired images.
This enables the development, optimization, and evaluation of the image
processing and classification steps of an AOI system independently of
a physical realization.
We demonstrate this approach for shards of glass, as sorting glass is one challenging
practical application for AOI.
Streifenprojektionsgenauigkeit mit hoher Messrate – 3D-Sensorik für die schnelle, dichte und genaue Formvermessung
Authors: Schaffer Martin , Große Marcus 
Published: April 2015

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag stellt ein Verfahren zur optischen 3D‐Vermessung von
Oberflächenformen auf Basis der Stereophotogrammetrie und Projektion
statistischer Muster vor. Ein Vorteil im Vergleich zu üblichen
Streifenprojektionssystemen besteht in der hohen Rate, bei welcher
Muster auf das Messobjekt projiziert werden können. Dadurch kann, wie
gezeigt wird, eine sehr kurze Messzeit realisiert werden. Des Weiteren
wird die algorithmische Auswertung der Messdaten vorgestellt, die
neben der kurzen Messzeit auch eine kurze Rekonstruktionszeit
ermöglicht. Experimentelle Vergleichsdaten mit einem etablierten
Streifenlichtsensor sowie Anwendungsbeispiele belegen, dass die hohe
Aufnahmegeschwindigkeit nicht zulasten der Messpräzision geht und eine
äquivalente Messpräzision wie unter Verwendung der phasenschiebenden
Streifenprojektion erreicht werden kann.