bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of best practices in university entrepreneurship education
Authors: A. Gedeon Steven 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify and apply best practices in university entrepreneurship education to the creation of a new MBA in entrepreneurship and innovation management. It is a direct response to calls for a total re-envisioning of entrepreneurship education and criticism that existing programs lack rigour, content, pedagogy, measurement and an established definition.

Design/methodology/approach
– This article uses reviews of the literature to identify normative best practices and how to apply them to the new program. An entrepreneurship program design framework (EPDF) was created and applied to a new MBA program being developed in central Germany.

Findings
– Most studies describe aspects of current programs (e.g. lists of courses) but almost none say what should be in a program. Others provide abstract guidance (e.g. programs should define entrepreneurship) but do not give specific recommendations (e.g. what the definition should be). The proposed EPDF provided a rigorous structure for reviewing the literature, designing the new program and establishing specific best practice recommendations for defining program goals, content, pedagogy and measurement of student transformation.

Research limitations/implications
– The entrepreneurship literature is largely silent on normative best practice guidance, so the proposed application of best practices should be evaluated in that context.

Originality/value
– Previous articles present relatively abstract frameworks and concepts, whereas this article is a direct application of the practical implications of these concepts. The proposed normative best practice guidelines may be somewhat controversial, but should stimulate useful discussion.
A framework for assessing entrepreneurial outcomes: an international perspective
Authors: Watson John , J. Gatewood Elizabeth , Lewis Kate 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– In this paper, the authors aim to develop a framework that provides a holistic approach to the assessment of entrepreneurial performance outcomes (EPOs) incorporating the multitude of factors (such as entrepreneurial goals and cultural norms) that research suggests can impact the entrepreneurial process.

Design/methodology/approach
– In developing the suggested framework, the authors draw on both the existing literature and the findings provided in the five papers selected for this special issue.

Findings
– The framework the authors advance suggests that the satisfaction male and female entrepreneurs derive from their ventures is principally determined by a combination of the goals they set for their business and the outcomes/outputs achieved. There is also some evidence to suggest that, other things equal, females may experience higher levels of satisfaction with their ventures than males. Other key issues the authors have incorporated into the framework that are important to a better understanding of the entrepreneurial process include the resources the entrepreneur has available (human, financial and social); various external environmental factors (for example, government support programmes); and gender (for example, to the extent that women are more risk averse than men they may set more modest goals for their ventures).

Originality/value
– The holistic framework the authors present for assessing (and better understanding) the entrepreneurial process should help direct/focus: future research concerned with assessing, evaluating and understanding EPOs; government policies designed to promote entrepreneurial initiatives; and those providing advice to the sector.
Patient satisfaction and resident postgraduate year status
Authors: N. Nadkarni Girish , Singh Sabharwal Manpreet , Reddy Ammakkanavar Natraj , Annapureddy Narender , Malhan Rishi , Mehta Bijal , Naag Kanakadandi Vijay , Kumar Agarwal Shiv , D. Fried Ethan 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– Patient satisfaction has been recognized as an important variable affecting healthcare behavior. However, there are limited data on the relationship between doctor post-graduate year (PGY) status and patient satisfaction with provider interpersonal skills and humanistic qualities. The authors aims to assess this relationship using an American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) questionnaire.

Design/methodology/approach
– Participants were: patients attending a primary care clinic at a large urban academic hospital; and physicians treating them. The survey questionnaire was the ABIM patient satisfaction instrument; ten questions pertaining to humanistic qualities and communication skills with responses from poor to excellent. Mann Whitney U test and multi-variable logistic regression analyses were used to explore score differences by PGY level.

Findings
– The postgraduate year one (PGY1) had higher patient-satisfaction levels compared to PGY2/PGY3 residents. The PGY1 level residents were more likely to score in the 90th percentile and this remained constant even after adjusting for confounders.

Research limitations/implications
– The research was a single-center study and may have been subject to confounding factors such as patient personality types and a survey ceiling effect. The survey's cross-sectional nature may also be a potential limitation.

Practical implications
– Patient satisfaction varies significantly with PGY status. Though clinical skills may improve with increasing experience, findings imply that interpersonal and humanistic qualities may deteriorate.

Originality/value
– The study is the first to assess patient satisfaction with PGY status and provides evidence that advanced trainees may need support to keep their communication skills and humanistic qualities from deteriorating as stressors increase to ensure optimal patient satisfaction.
Social media in the 2011 Egyptian uprising
Authors: Brym Robert , Godbout Melissa , Hoffbauer Andreas , Menard Gabe , Zhang Tony Huiquan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper uses Gallup poll data to assess two narratives that have crystallized around the 2011 Egyptian uprising: (1) New electronic communications media constituted an important and independent cause of the protests in so far as they enhanced the capacity of demonstrators to extend protest networks, express outrage, organize events, and warn comrades of real‐time threats. (2) Net of other factors, new electronic communications media played a relatively minor role in the uprising because they are low‐cost, low‐risk means of involvement that attract many sympathetic onlookers who are not prepared to engage in high‐risk activism. Examining the independent effects of a host of factors associated with high‐risk movement activism, the paper concludes that using some new electronic communications media was associated with being a demonstrator. However, grievances, structural availability, and network connections were more important than was the use of new electronic communications media in distinguishing demonstrators from sympathetic onlookers. Thus, although both narratives have some validity, they must both be qualified.
Methods for Constructing and Assessing Propensity Scores
Authors: Garrido Melissa M. , Kelley Amy S. , Paris Julia , Roza Katherine , Meier Diane E. , Morrison R. Sean , Aldridge Melissa D. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesTo model the steps involved in preparing for and carrying out propensity score analyses by providing step‐by‐step guidance and Stata code applied to an empirical dataset.Study DesignGuidance, Stata code, and empirical examples are given to illustrate (1) the process of choosing variables to include in the propensity score; (2) balance of propensity score across treatment and comparison groups; (3) balance of covariates across treatment and comparison groups within blocks of the propensity score; (4) choice of matching and weighting strategies; (5) balance of covariates after matching or weighting the sample; and (6) interpretation of treatment effect estimates.Empirical ApplicationWe use data from the Palliative Care for Cancer Patients (PC4C) study, a multisite observational study of the effect of inpatient palliative care on patient health outcomes and health services use, to illustrate the development and use of a propensity score.ConclusionsPropensity scores are one useful tool for accounting for observed differences between treated and comparison groups. Careful testing of propensity scores is required before using them to estimate treatment effects.
‘Lonely and Voiceless Your Halls Must Remain’: Romantic‐Era National Song and Felicia Hemans's Welsh Melodies (1822)
Authors: Edwards Elizabeth 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article places Felicia Hemans's little‐discussed song collection A Selection of Welsh Melodies (1822) in the expanding field of eighteenth‐ and early nineteenth‐century national melody in Britain. Drawing on recent studies of Romantic paratext, it discusses the layered, contingent and interstitial nature of Welsh Melodies, via a series of close readings of the song texts. It argues that Hemans's approach to Wales in her songs reveals the collaborative and translational nature of her work, involving cultural and historical transmission, as well as the models of female subjectivity, professional authorship and (at times) feminist sentiment for which she is better known.
SNP discovery in wild and domesticated populations of blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, using genotyping‐by‐sequencing and subsequent SNP validation
Authors: Li Chao , Waldbieser Geoff , Bosworth Brian , Beck Benjamin H. , Thongda Wilawan , Peatman Eric 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBlue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, are valued in the United States as a trophy fishery for their capacity to reach large sizes, sometimes exceeding 45 kg. Additionally, blue catfish × channel catfish (I. punctatus) hybrid food fish production has recently increased the demand for blue catfish broodstock. However, there has been little study of the genetic impacts and interaction of farmed, introduced and stocked populations of blue catfish. We utilized genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) to capture and genotype SNP markers on 190 individuals from five wild and domesticated populations (Mississippi River, Missouri, D&B, Rio Grande and Texas). Stringent filtering of SNP‐calling parameters resulted in 4275 SNP loci represented across all five populations. Population genetics and structure analyses revealed potential shared ancestry and admixture between populations. We utilized the Sequenom MassARRAY to validate two multiplex panels of SNPs selected from the GBS data. Selection criteria included SNPs shared between populations, SNPs specific to populations, number of reads per individual and number of individuals genotyped by GBS. Putative SNPs were validated in the discovery population and in two additional populations not used in the GBS analysis. A total of 64 SNPs were genotyped successfully in 191 individuals from nine populations. Our results should guide the development of highly informative, flexible genotyping multiplexes for blue catfish from the larger GBS SNP set as well as provide an example of a rapid, low‐cost approach to generate and genotype informative marker loci in aquatic species with minimal previous genetic information.
Measuring the relative effect of factors affecting species distribution model predictions
Authors: Thibaud Emeric , Petitpierre Blaise , Broennimann Olivier , Davison Anthony C. , Guisan Antoine 
Published: May 2014

Summary

Species distribution models are increasingly used to address conservation questions, so their predictive capacity requires careful evaluation. Previous studies have shown how individual factors used in model construction can affect prediction. Although some factors probably have negligible effects compared to others, their relative effects are largely unknown.

We introduce a general ’virtual ecologist’ framework to study the relative importance of factors involved in the construction of species distribution models.

We illustrate the framework by examining the relative importance of five key factors – a missing covariate, spatial autocorrelation due to a dispersal process in presences/absences, sample size, sampling design and modelling technique – in a real study framework based on virtual plants in a mountain landscape at regional scale, and show that, for the parameter values considered here, most of the variation in prediction accuracy is due to sample size and modelling technique. Contrary to repeatedly reported concerns, spatial autocorrelation has only comparatively small effects.

This study shows the importance of using a nested statistical framework to evaluate the relative effects of factors that may affect species distribution models.
Pest fencing or pest trapping: A bio‐economic analysis of cost‐effectiveness
Authors: Norbury Grant , Hutcheon Andy , Reardon James , Daigneault Adam 
Published: May 2014

AbstractScofield et al. discredited the utility of pest‐exclusion fences for restoring biodiversity partly on the grounds of unquantified costs and benefits. We estimated the discounted costs of mammal exclusion fences, semi‐permeable (‘leaky’) fences and trapping, over 50 years and adjusted costs by their observed effectiveness at reducing mammalian predator abundance. We modelled data from two large predator management programmes operated by the New Zealand Department of Conservation. Using typical baseline costs and predator control efficacies (scale 0 to 1), the model predicted that an exclusion fence (efficacy 1.0) is the cheapest and most cost‐effective option for areas below about 1 ha, a leaky fence (efficacy 0.9) is most cost‐effective for 1–219 ha, and trapping (efficacy 0.6, based on 0.2 traps per hectare and a 1500‐m buffer to reduce predator reinvasion) for areas above 219 ha. This ranking was insensitive to adjustments in efficacy, but reducing efficacy of leaky fences to 0.8 or increasing trapping efficacy to 0.7 reduced the cost‐effective range of leaky fences by about 90 ha. Reducing trap maintenance costs from $300 to $100 per trap per year (e.g. using long‐life lures), or reducing trap buffer widths to 500 m, significantly elevated trapping as the most cost‐effective method for areas greater than 11–15 ha. These results were largely consistent with an ecological measure of effectiveness based on observed rates of recovery of two indigenous skink species inside exclusion fences or with trapping. The results support criticisms that exclusion fences are generally not cost‐effective, but highlight the value of considering cheaper leaky designs for small‐ to medium‐sized areas. Because this study is based largely on reductions in predator abundance, it has general application to broader biodiversity protection interests, but not to indigenous species that are highly sensitive to predation and only ever adequately protected on the mainland by exclusion fences.
Transfer of blood urea nitrogen to cecal microbes and nitrogen retention in mature rabbits are increased by dietary fructooligosaccharides
Authors: Min Xiao , Xiao Jin , Kawasaki Kiyonori , Li Xiao , Sakaguchi Ei 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTo estimate the effect of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on N utilization, seven mature rabbits were fed a diet containing 5% glucose or FOS for 8 days. During the last 5 days, total feces and urine were collected to measure N levels (Experiment 1). To examine N transfer from the blood to cecal microbes, eight rabbits were fed the same diets as in Experiment 1. After 9 days of feeding, 2 g of glucose or FOS was given orally. Two hours later 20 mg of 15N‐urea was administered via the ear vein, and 1 h later cecal and blood samples were collected (Experiment 2). Urinary N excretion was lowered by FOS feeding (P < 0.05). Total bacterial N and 15N in the cecum was significantly higher in FOS‐fed animals (P < 0.05). Urea N in the cecum was lower in FOS‐fed rabbits (P < 0.05). Similarly, 15N atom % excess of cecal urea N was also lower in FOS‐fed rabbits than in glucose‐fed rabbits. These results suggest that FOS in the diet increases the transfer of blood urea N to the cecum for bacterial synthesis, thereby increasing N utilization.
Dietary copper supplementation improves pelt characteristics of female silver fox (Vulpes fulva) during the winter fur‐growing season
Authors: Zhong Wei , Liu Hanlu , Luo Guoliang , Chang Zhongjuan , Liu Fenghua , Zhao Jingbo , Li Danli , Yue Zhigang , Zhang Haihua , Li Guangyu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCopper has an essential role in normal fur pigmentation and fur quality. This study evaluated the effects of cupric citrate (CuCit) supplementation on growth, nutrients metabolism and pelt characteristics of the female silver fox (Vulpes fulva). Fifty age‐matched female silver foxes with similar body weights were randomly divided into five dietary groups for 58 days during the winter fur‐growing season. The basal diet contained 4.92 mg/kg copper. Groups I‐V were supplemented with 6, 30, 60, 90 or 150 mg Cu from CuCit per 1 kg dry matter basal diet. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in those fed 90 mg/kg Cu than those fed 150 mg/kg Cu. Pelt total thickness was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in those fed 30 mg/kg Cu than foxes fed 6 mg/kg Cu supplemented diet, but were similar to the other groups. Length of guard hair was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in those fed 90 mg/kg Cu than fed 6 mg/kg Cu and 30 mg/kg Cu, but were similar to the other groups. Length of underhair was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in those fed 6 mg/kg Cu than those fed 90 mg/kg Cu, but was similar to the other groups. Considering decreasing environmental contamination and improving pelt performance, supplementing 30 mg/kg Cu from CuCit (actual copper 35 mg/kg dry matter) is appropriate for female silver fox.
Why don't they accept non‐invasive ventilation?: Insight into the interpersonal perspectives of patients with motor neurone disease
Authors: Ando Hikari , Williams Carl , Angus Robert M. , Thornton Everard W. , Chakrabarti Biswajit , Cousins Rosanna , Piggin Lucy H. , Young Carolyn A. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesAlthough non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) can benefit survival and quality of life, it is rejected by a substantial proportion of people with motor neurone disease (MND). The aim of this study was to understand why some MND patients decline or withdraw from NIV.MethodNine patients with MND (male = 7, mean age = 67 years) participated in this study. These patients, from a cohort of 35 patients who were offered NIV treatment to support respiratory muscle weakness, did not participate in NIV treatment when it was clinically appropriate. Semi‐structured interviews and interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) were employed to explore these patient's experience of MND and their thoughts and understanding of NIV treatment.ResultsUsing IPA, four themes were identified: preservation of the self, negative perceptions of NIV, negative experience with health care services, and not needing NIV. Further analysis identified the fundamental issue to be the maintenance of perceived self, which was interpreted to consist of the sense of autonomy, dignity, and quality of life.ConclusionsThe findings indicate psychological reasons for disengagement with NIV. The threat to the self, the sense of loss of control, and negative views of NIV resulting from anxiety were more important to these patients than prolonging life in its current form. These findings suggest the importance of understanding the psychological dimension involved in decision‐making regarding uptake of NIV and a need for sensitive holistic evaluation if NIV is declined.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Non‐invasive ventilation is widely used as an effective symptomatic therapy in MND, yet about a third of patients decline the treatment.
Psychological disturbance generated by NIV use leads to negative experiences of the treatment.
Decision‐making about treatment potentials is complex and unique to each individual affected by perceived impact of disease.

What does this study add?

A decision concerning NIV uptake was influenced by perceived impact on individuals' sense of self.
Sense of self was influenced by the maintenance of autonomy, dignity, and quality of life.
Individuals' sense of self was identified to have been challenged by the disease, NIV, and their experience of health care service.
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor bafetinib inhibits PAR2‐induced activation of TRPV4 channels in vitro and pain in vivo
Authors: Grace M S , Lieu T , Darby B , Abogadie F C , Veldhuis N , Bunnett N W , McIntyre P 
Published: April 2014

Background and PurposeProtease‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is expressed on nociceptive neurons, and can sensitize transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels to amplify neurogenic inflammation and pain. The mechanisms by which this occurs are not fully understood. PAR2 causes receptor‐operated activation of TRPV4 channels and TRPV4 null mice have attenuated PAR2‐stimulated neurogenic inflammation and mechanical hyperalgesia. Here we investigate the intracellular signalling mechanisms underlying PAR2‐induced TRPV4 channel activation and pain.Experimental ApproachResponses of non‐transfected and TRPV4‐transfected HEK293 cells to agonists of PAR2 (trypsin and SLIGRL) and TRPV4 channels (GSK1016790A) were determined using calcium imaging. Inhibitors of TRPV4 channels (HC067047), sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase (thapsigargin), Gαq (UBO‐QIC), tyrosine kinases (bafetinib and dasatinib) or PI3 kinases (wortmannin and LY294002) were used to investigate signalling mechanisms. In vivo effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on PAR2‐induced mechanical hyperalgesia were assessed in mice.Key ResultsIn non‐transfected HEK293 cells, PAR2 activation transiently increased intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). Functional expression of TRPV4 channels caused a sustained increase of [Ca2+]i, inhibited by HC067047, bafetinib and wortmannin; but not by thapsigargin, UBO‐QIC, dasatinib or LY294002. Bafetinib but not dasatinib inhibited PAR2‐induced mechanical hyperalgesia in vivo.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis study supports a role for tyrosine kinases in PAR2‐mediated receptor‐operated gating of TRPV4 channels, independent of Gαq stimulation. The ability of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor to diminish PAR2‐induced activation of TRPV4 channels and consequent mechanical hyperalgesia identifies bafetinib (which is in development in oncology) as a potential novel analgesic therapy.
Space, People, Interventions and Time (SPIT): A Model for Understanding Children's Outdoor Play in Post‐Disaster Contexts Based On a Case Study from the Triple Disaster Area of Tohoku in North‐East Japan
Authors: Woolley Helen , Kinoshita Isami 
Published: May 2014

Play in the outdoor environment is important for children as part of their childhood and is particularly important for children in a post‐disaster situation. This article explores issues around outdoor play opportunities in the Tohoku region of north‐east Japan, 13 months after the triple disaster of earthquake, tsunami and nuclear power plant failure. A model of space, people, interventions and time (SPIT) is used to understand the situation in this unique case study.