bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible red and infrared light alters gene expression in human marrow stromal fibroblast cells
Authors: Guo J. , Wang Q. , Wai D. , Zhang Q. Z. , Shi S. H. , Le A. D. , Shi S. T. , Yen S. L.‐K. 
Published: April 2015

Structured AbstractObjectivesThis study tested whether or not gene expression in human marrow stromal fibroblast (MSF) cells depends on light wavelength and energy density.Materials and MethodsPrimary cultures of isolated human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSC) were exposed to visible red (VR, 633 nm) and infrared (IR, 830 nm) radiation wavelengths from a light emitting diode (LED) over a range of energy densities (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 Joules/cm2) Cultured cells were assayed for cell proliferation, osteogenic potential, adipogenesis, mRNA and protein content. mRNA was analyzed by microarray and compared among different wavelengths and energy densities. Mesenchymal and epithelial cell responses were compared to determine whether responses were cell type specific. Protein array analysis was used to further analyze key pathways identified by microarrays.ResultDifferent wavelengths and energy densities produced unique sets of genes identified by microarray analysis. Pathway analysis pointed to TGF‐beta 1 in the visible red and Akt 1 in the infrared wavelengths as key pathways to study. TGF‐beta protein arrays suggested switching from canonical to non‐canonical TGF‐beta pathways with increases to longer IR wavelengths. Microarrays suggest RANKL and MMP 10 followed IR energy density dose–response curves. Epithelial and mesenchymal cells respond differently to stimulation by light suggesting cell type‐specific response is possible.ConclusionsThese studies demonstrate differential gene expression with different wavelengths, energy densities and cell types. These differences in gene expression have the potential to be exploited for therapeutic purposes and can help explain contradictory results in the literature when wavelengths, energy densities and cell types differ.
Locally limited inhibition of bone resorption and orthodontic relapse by recombinant osteoprotegerin protein
Authors: Schneider D. A. , Smith S. M. , Campbell C. , Hayami T. , Kapila S. , Hatch N. E. 
Published: April 2015

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo determine minimal dose levels required for local inhibition of orthodontic relapse by recombinant OPG protein (OPG‐Fc), while also determining effects of injected OPG‐Fc on alveolar bone and long bone.Setting and Sample PopulationThe Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry at the University of Michigan. Eighteen male Sprague Dawley rats.Materials & MethodsMaxillary molars were moved with nickel–titanium springs and then allowed to relapse in Sprague Dawley rats. Upon appliance removal, animals were injected with a single dose of 1.0 mg/kg OPG‐Fc, 0.1 mg/kg OPG‐Fc, or phosphate‐buffered saline (vehicle) just distal to the molar teeth. Tooth movement measurements were made from stone casts, which were scanned and digitally measured. Alveolar tissues were examined by histology. Micro‐computed tomography was used to quantify changes in alveolar and femur bone.ResultsLocal injection of OPG‐Fc inhibited molar but not incisor relapse, when compared to vehicle‐injected animals. No significant differences in alveolar or femur bone were seen between the three treatment groups after 24 days of relapse.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that a single local injection of OPG‐Fc effectively inhibits orthodontic relapse, with minimal systemic bone metabolic effects. Our results also show that a single injection of OPG‐Fc will influence tooth movement only in teeth close to the injection site. These findings indicate that OPG‐Fc has potential as a safe and effective pharmacological means to locally control osteoclasts, for uses such as maintaining anchorage during orthodontic tooth movement and preventing orthodontic relapse in humans.
A Subgroup Analysis Found no Diminished Response to Buprenorphine Transdermal System Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain Patients Classified with Depression
Authors: Yarlas Aaron , Miller Kate , Wen Warren , Lynch Shau Yu , Munera Catherine , Dain Bradley , Pergolizzi Joseph V. , Raffa Robert , Ripa Steven R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain (CP) patients with depression typically exhibit worse post‐treatment outcomes than nondepressed CP patients. The cause is often assumed to reflect a differential response to treatment, neglecting other potential explanations, such as the continuation of differences in pretreatment outcomes. This post hoc analysis examines whether worse post‐treatment outcomes for depressed patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) are driven by reduced treatment efficacy.MethodsData were from opioid‐naïve adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe CLBP who participated in a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind clinical trial of Butrans® (buprenorphine) Transdermal System (BTDS) for pain relief. Depression screening was based on baseline SF‐36v2 Mental Health subscale scores. Patient‐reported measures of pain severity, pain interference, quality of life, sleep problems, and functional disability were administered at screening and during the study. Differential treatment efficacy for each outcome was examined using analysis of covariance models that included interaction terms between treatment arm and depression status.ResultsAt baseline, patients classified as depressed showed greater pain interference, lower quality of life, more sleep problems, and greater functional disability than nondepressed patients; the two groups did not differ in pain severity. No statistically significant interactions between treatment arm and depression status were observed. The direction of improvement post‐treatment favored the depressed group on nine of seventeen outcomes.ConclusionsResults do not support a differential response to BTDS treatment between depressed and nondepressed CLBP patients across a variety of patient‐reported outcomes. These findings raise the question of whether depressed mood actually moderates the effectiveness of treatment in CP patients.
Occipital Nerve Stimulation for Migraine: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yang Yuecheng , Song Mingmin , Fan Yinghui , Ma Ke 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPatients who suffer from migraines often report impaired quality of life. Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) is a novel treatment modality for migraines, although few systematic reviews have evaluated whether this therapy is efficacious. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of ONS for treating migraine through a literature review. We performed a literature search to identify studies that investigated ONS for migraine treatment. Evidence levels of these studies were assessed by recommendations set by the University of Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine. Five randomized controlled trials, 4 retrospective studies, and one prospective study met the inclusion criteria. Results from the retrospective studies and case series indicated that ONS significantly reduced the pain intensity and the number of days with headache in patients with migraine. However, the evidence of ONS efficacy established by randomized controlled trials was limited. Improvement in the migraine disability assessment (MIDAS) score was more dramatic than improvement in the SF‐36 score at follow‐up. The mean complication incidence of ONS was 66% for the reviewed studies. Future clinical studies should optimize and standardize the ONS intervention process and identify the relationship among the surgical process, efficacy, and complications resulting from the procedure.
Prevalence of ADHD in primary school children in Vinh Long, Vietnam
Authors: Pham Hoai Danh , Nguyen Huu Bao Han , Tran Diep Tuan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundAttention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder in children. It affects not only the subjects but also their families and society. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of ADHD in primary school children in South Vietnam, especially Vinh Long province.MethodChildren were chosen randomly from primary schools in Vinh Long from February to March in 2009 in a cross‐sectional study to determine the prevalence of ADHD using the ADHD Rating Scale‐IV for parents/caregivers and teachers. ADHD Rating Scale‐IV was based on DSM‐IV for diagnosis of ADHD.ResultsA total of 600 children were chosen and 1200 reports were collected from parents/caregivers and teachers. The prevalence rate of ADHD was 7.7%. The rates of the predominantly inattentive type, predominantly hyperactive type and combined type were 1.7%, 5% and 1%, respectively. The difference in sex was not significant across all subtypes. The prevalence of ADHD in urban children was 2.2‐fold that in rural children.ConclusionThe prevalence of ADHD in primary school children in Vinh Long, southern Vietnam, is in the same range as other regions in the world. Therefore, awareness of ADHD needs to be raised, to ensure suitable psychiatric care for children.
Physiological adjustment to salt stress in Jatropha curcas is associated with accumulation of salt ions, transport and selectivity of K+, osmotic adjustment and K+/Na+ homeostasis
Authors: Silva E. N. , Silveira J. A. G. , Rodrigues C. R. F. , Viégas R. A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis study assessed the capacity of Jatropha curcas to physiologically adjust to salinity. Seedlings were exposed to increasing NaCl concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 mm) for 15 days. Treatment without NaCl was adopted as control. Shoot dry weight was strongly reduced by NaCl, reaching values of 35% to 65% with 25 to 100 mm NaCl. The shoot/root ratio was only affected with 100 mm NaCl. Relative water content (RWC) increased only with 100 mm NaCl, while electrolyte leakage (EL) was much enhanced with 50 mm NaCl. The Na+ transport rate to the shoot was more affected with 50 and 100 mm NaCl. In parallel, Cl− transport rate increased with 75 and 100 mm NaCl, while K+ transport rate fell from 50 mm to 100 mm NaCl. In roots, Na+ and Cl− transport rates fell slightly only in 50 mm (to Na+) and 50 and 100 mm (to Cl−) NaCl, while K+ transport rate fell significantly with increasing NaCl. In general, our data demonstrate that J. curcas seedlings present changes in key physiological processes that allow this species to adjust to salinity. These responses are related to accumulation of Na+ and Cl− in leaves and roots, K+/Na+ homeostasis, transport of K+ and selectivity (K–Na) in roots, and accumulation of organic solutes contributing to osmotic adjustment of the species.
An adaptive filtered back‐projection for photoacoustic image reconstruction
Authors: Huang He , Bustamante Gilbert , Peterson Ralph , Ye Jing Yong 
Published: April 2015

Purpose:The purpose of this study is to develop an improved filtered‐back‐projection (FBP) algorithm for photoacoustic tomography (PAT), which allows image reconstruction with higher quality compared to images reconstructed through traditional algorithms.Methods:A rigorous expression of a weighting function has been derived directly from a photoacoustic wave equation and used as a ramp filter in Fourier domain. The authors’ new algorithm utilizes this weighting function to precisely calculate each photoacoustic signal's contribution and then reconstructs the image based on the retarded potential generated from the photoacoustic sources. In addition, an adaptive criterion has been derived for selecting the cutoff frequency of a low pass filter. Two computational phantoms were created to test the algorithm. The first phantom contained five spheres with each sphere having different absorbances. The phantom was used to test the capability for correctly representing both the geometry and the relative absorbed energy in a planar measurement system. The authors also used another phantom containing absorbers of different sizes with overlapping geometry to evaluate the performance of the new method for complicated geometry. In addition, random noise background was added to the simulated data, which were obtained by using an arc‐shaped array of 50 evenly distributed transducers that spanned 160° over a circle with a radius of 65 mm. A normalized factor between the neighbored transducers was applied for correcting measurement signals in PAT simulations. The authors assumed that the scanned object was mounted on a holder that rotated over the full 360° and the scans were set to a sampling rate of 20.48 MHz.Results:The authors have obtained reconstructed images of the computerized phantoms by utilizing the new FBP algorithm. From the reconstructed image of the first phantom, one can see that this new approach allows not only obtaining a sharp image but also showing the correct signal strength of the absorbers. The reconstructed image of the second phantom further demonstrates the capability to form clear images of the spheres with sharp borders in the overlapping geometry. The smallest sphere is clearly visible and distinguishable, even though it is surrounded by two big spheres. In addition, image reconstructions were conducted with randomized noise added to the observed signals to mimic realistic experimental conditions.Conclusions:The authors have developed a new FBP algorithm that is capable for reconstructing high quality images with correct relative intensities and sharp borders for PAT. The results demonstrate that the weighting function serves as a precise ramp filter for processing the observed signals in the Fourier domain. In addition, this algorithm allows an adaptive determination of the cutoff frequency for the applied low pass filter.
Proton beam deflection in MRI fields: Implications for MRI‐guided proton therapy
Authors: Oborn B. M. , Dowdell S. , Metcalfe P. E. , Crozier S. , Mohan R. , Keall P. J. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose:This paper investigates, via magnetic modeling and Monte Carlo simulation, the ability to deliver proton beams to the treatment zone inside a split‐bore MRI‐guided proton therapy system.Methods:Field maps from a split‐bore 1 T MRI‐Linac system are used as input to geant4 Monte Carlo simulations which model the trajectory of proton beams during their paths to the isocenter of the treatment area. Both inline (along the MRI bore) and perpendicular (through the split‐bore gap) orientations are simulated. Monoenergetic parallel and diverging beams of energy 90, 195, and 300 MeV starting from 1.5 and 5 m above isocenter are modeled. A phase space file detailing a 2D calibration pattern is used to set the particle starting positions, and their spatial location as they cross isocenter is recorded. No beam scattering, collimation, or modulation of the proton beams is modeled.Results:In the inline orientation, the radial symmetry of the solenoidal style fringe field acts to rotate the protons around the beam's central axis. For protons starting at 1.5 m from isocenter, this rotation is 19° (90 MeV) and 9.8° (300 MeV). A minor focusing toward the beam's central axis is also seen, but only significant, i.e., 2 mm shift at 150 mm off‐axis, for 90 MeV protons. For the perpendicular orientation, the main MRI field and near fringe field act as the strongest to deflect the protons in a consistent direction. When starting from 1.5 m above isocenter shifts of 135 mm (90 MeV) and 65 mm (300 MeV) were observed. Further to this, off‐axis protons are slightly deflected toward or away from the central axis in the direction perpendicular to the main deflection direction. This leads to a distortion of the phase space pattern, not just a shift. This distortion increases from zero at the central axis to 10 mm (90 MeV) and 5 mm (300 MeV) for a proton 150 mm off‐axis. In both orientations, there is a small but subtle difference in the deflection and distortion pattern between protons fired parallel to the beam axis and those fired from a point source. This is indicative of the 3D spatially variant nature of the MRI fringe field.Conclusions:For the first time, accurate magnetic and Monte Carlo modeling have been used to assess the transport of generic proton beams toward a 1 T split‐bore MRI. Significant rotation is observed in the inline orientation, while more complex deflection and distortion are seen in the perpendicular orientation. The results of this study suggest that due to the complexity and energy‐dependent nature of the magnetic deflection and distortion, the pencil beam scanning method will be the only choice for delivering a therapeutic proton beam inside a potential MRI‐guided proton therapy system in either the inline or perpendicular orientation. Further to this, significant correction strategies will be required to account for the MRI fringe fields.
Dosimetric characterization of two radium sources for retrospective dosimetry studies
Authors: Candela‐Juan C. , Karlsson M. , Lundell M. , Ballester F. , Tedgren Å. Carlsson 
Published: April 2015

Purpose:During the first part of the 20th century, 226Ra was the most used radionuclide for brachytherapy. Retrospective accurate dosimetry, coupled with patient follow up, is important for advancing knowledge on long‐term radiation effects. The purpose of this work was to dosimetrically characterize two 226Ra sources, commonly used in Sweden during the first half of the 20th century, for retrospective dose–effect studies.Methods:An 8 mg 226Ra tube and a 10 mg 226Ra needle, used at Radiumhemmet (Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden), from 1925 to the 1960s, were modeled in two independent Monte Carlo (MC) radiation transport codes: geant4 and mcnp5. Absorbed dose and collision kerma around the two sources were obtained, from which the TG‐43 parameters were derived for the secular equilibrium state. Furthermore, results from this dosimetric formalism were compared with results from a MC simulation with a superficial mould constituted by five needles inside a glass casing, placed over a water phantom, trying to mimic a typical clinical setup. Calculated absorbed doses using the TG‐43 formalism were also compared with previously reported measurements and calculations based on the Sievert integral. Finally, the dose rate at large distances from a 226Ra point‐like‐source placed in the center of 1 m radius water sphere was calculated with geant4.Results:TG‐43 parameters [including gL(r), F(r, θ), Λ, and sK] have been uploaded in spreadsheets as additional material, and the fitting parameters of a mathematical curve that provides the dose rate between 10 and 60 cm from the source have been provided. Results from TG‐43 formalism are consistent within the treatment volume with those of a MC simulation of a typical clinical scenario. Comparisons with reported measurements made with thermoluminescent dosimeters show differences up to 13% along the transverse axis of the radium needle. It has been estimated that the uncertainty associated to the absorbed dose within the treatment volume is 10%–15%, whereas uncertainty of absorbed dose to distant organs is roughly 20%–25%.Conclusions:The results provided here facilitate retrospective dosimetry studies of 226Ra using modern treatment planning systems, which may be used to improve knowledge on long term radiation effects. It is surely important for the epidemiologic studies to be aware of the estimated uncertainty provided here before extracting their conclusions.
Eight Novel Capsular Polysaccharide Synthesis Gene Loci Identified in Nontypeable Streptococcus suis Isolates
Authors: Zheng Han , Ji Shaobo , Liu Zhijie , Lan Ruiting , Huang Ying , Bai Xuemei , Gottschalk Marcelo , Xu Jianguo 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus suis
is an important pathogen of pigs and may cause serious disease in humans. Serotyping is one of the important diagnostic tools and is used for the epidemiological study of
S. suis
. Nontypeable
S. suis
strains have been reported in many studies; however, the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) synthesis
cps
loci of nontypeable strains have not been analyzed. In this study, we investigated the genetic characteristics of
cps
loci in 78 nontypeable strains isolated from healthy pigs. Eight novel
cps
loci (NCLs) were found, and all of them were located between the
orfZ-orfX
region and the
glf
gene. All NCLs possess the
wzy
and
wzx
genes, strongly suggesting that the CPSs of these NCLs were synthesized using the Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway. The
cps
genes found in the 78 isolates were assigned to 96 homology groups (HGs), 55 of which were NCL specific. The encapsulation of the 78 isolates was also examined using transmission electron microscopy. Fifty-three isolates were found to have a capsule, and these were of varied thicknesses. Our data enhance our understanding of the
cps
gene cluster diversity of nontypeable
S. suis
strains and provide insight into the evolution of the
S. suis
capsular genes.
Utilization of
d
-Lactate as an Energy Source Supports the Growth of Gluconobacter oxydans
Authors: Sheng Binbin , Xu Jing , Zhang Yingxin , Jiang Tianyi , Deng Sisi , Kong Jian , Gao Chao , Ma Cuiqing , Xu Ping 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

d
-Lactate was identified as one of the few available organic acids that supported the growth of
Gluconobacter oxydans
621H in this study. Interestingly, the strain used
d
-lactate as an energy source but not as a carbon source, unlike other lactate-utilizing bacteria. The enzymatic basis for the growth of
G. oxydans
621H on
d
-lactate was therefore investigated. Although two putative NAD-independent
d
-lactate dehydrogenases, GOX1253 and GOX2071, were capable of oxidizing
d
-lactate, GOX1253 was the only enzyme able to support the
d
-lactate-driven growth of the strain. GOX1253 was characterized as a membrane-bound dehydrogenase with high activity toward
d
-lactate, while GOX2071 was characterized as a soluble oxidase with broad substrate specificity toward
d
-2-hydroxy acids. The latter used molecular oxygen as a direct electron acceptor, a feature that has not been reported previously in
d
-lactate-oxidizing enzymes. This study not only clarifies the mechanism for the growth of
G. oxydans
on
d
-lactate, but also provides new insights for applications of the important industrial microbe and the novel
d
-lactate oxidase.