bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adoption and Diffusion of Evidence‐Based Addiction Medications in Substance Abuse Treatment
Authors: Heinrich Carolyn J. , Cummings Grant R. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the roles of facility‐ and state‐level factors in treatment facilities' adoption and diffusion of pharmaceutical agents used in addiction treatment.Data SourcesSecondary data from the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N‐SSATS), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Alcohol Policy Information System, and Kaiser Family Foundation.Study DesignWe estimate ordered logit and multinomial logit models to examine the relationship of state and treatment facility characteristics to the adoption and diffusion of three pharmaceutical agents over 4 years when each was at a different stage of adoption or diffusion.Data CollectionN‐SSATS data with facility codes, obtained directly from SAMHSA, were linked by state identifiers to the other publicly available, secondary data.Principal FindingsThe analysis confirms the importance of awareness and exposure to the adoption behavior of others, dissemination of information about the feasibility and effectiveness of innovations, geographical clustering, and licensing and accreditation in legitimizing facilities' adoption and continued use of pharmacotherapies in addiction treatment.ConclusionsPolicy and administrative levers exist to increase the availability of pharmaceutical technologies and their continued use by substance abuse treatment facilities.
Assessing Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Treatment across Episodes of Mental Health Care
Authors: Cook Benjamin Lê , Zuvekas Samuel H. , Carson Nicholas , Wayne Geoffrey Ferris , Vesper Andrew , McGuire Thomas G. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate disparities in mental health care episodes, aligning our analyses with decisions to start or drop treatment, and choices made during treatment.Study DesignWe analyzed whites, blacks, and Latinos with probable mental illness from Panels 9–13 of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, assessing disparities at the beginning, middle, and end of episodes of care (initiation, adequate care, having an episode with only psychotropic drug fills, intensity of care, the mixture of primary care provider (PCP) and specialist visits, use of acute psychiatric care, and termination).FindingsCompared with whites, blacks and Latinos had less initiation and adequacy of care. Black and Latino episodes were shorter and had fewer psychotropic drug fills. Black episodes had a greater proportion of specialist visits and Latino episodes had a greater proportion of PCP visits. Blacks were more likely to have an episode with acute psychiatric care.ConclusionsDisparities in adequate care were driven by initiation disparities, reinforcing the need for policies that improve access. Many episodes were characterized only by psychotropic drug fills, suggesting inadequate medication guidance. Blacks' higher rate of specialist use contradicts previous studies and deserves future investigation. Blacks' greater acute mental health care use raises concerns over monitoring of their treatment.
Relative toxicity of different combinations of temephos and fenthion with Solanum xanthocarpum extract against anopheline larvae
Authors: Mohan Lalit , Sharma Preeti , Shrankhla  , Srivastava Chand Narayan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe relative toxicity of different concentrations of temephos and fenthion with petroleum ether root extract of Solanum xanthocarpum (Schrader) at 1 : 1, 1 : 2 and 1 : 4 ratios was evaluated against Anopheles stephensi (Liston) larvae. All combinations exhibited antagonism at concentrations lower than LC50 values and synergism at concentrations higher than their LC90 values. A 1 : 1 product ratio was the most effective.
Microsatellite variation in colonizing populations of yellow‐leggedAsian hornet,Vespa velutina nigrithorax, inSouthKorea
Authors: Choi Moon Bo , Lee Sihn‐Ae , Suk Ho Young , Lee Jong Wook 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntroduction of exotic species poses a tremendous challenge to the preservation of original biodiversity and productivity in natural ecosystems. The yellow‐leggedAsian hornetVespa velutina nigrithorax, which is native to tropical/subtropical areas in Indo‐China, was identified in 2003 for the first time inSouthKorea and has established itself in a short period of time. Population genetic study of invasive species may provide exceptional opportunities to test evolutionary theory as well as patterns of colonization from the beginning of the process. Here, the genetic variability of this invasive hornet was examined using seven microsatellites to estimate the propagule pressure and to expect the spreading pathway of this invasive hornet across its range. Overall, there was a significant loss of genetic diversity in its invaded ranges compared to its native range, suggesting that this invasive hornet was introduced via a very small number of propagules. Our results also support that this invasive hornet has experienced a severe bottleneck, as a large reduction was mainly observed in the number of alleles but not in heterozygosity. No significant genetic structuring among populations was found. This study provides baseline information about the current demographic status of the invaded populations, which will help governing agencies prevent further invasions and manage native ecosystems.
Transcriptome sequencing of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) and the identification of gene‐associated markers
Authors: Zhou Z. C. , Dong Y. , Sun H. J. , Yang A. F. , Chen Z. , Gao S. , Jiang J. W. , Guan X. Y. , Jiang B. , Wang B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) is an ecologically and economically important species in East and South‐East Asia. This project aimed to identify large numbers of gene‐associated markers and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after lipopolysaccharides (LPS) challenge in A. japonicus using high‐throughput transcriptome sequencing. A total of 162 million high‐quality reads of 174 million raw reads were obtained by deep sequencing using Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 platform. Assembly of these reads generated 94 704 unigenes, with read length ranging from 200 to 16 153 bp (average length of 810 bp). A total of 36 005 were identified as coding sequences (CDSs), 32 479 of which were successfully annotated. Based on the assembly transcriptome, we identified 142 511 high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Among them, 33 775, 63 120 and 45 616 were located in sequences without predicted CDS (non‐CDSs), CDSs and untranslated regions (UTRs), respectively. These putative SNPs included 82 664 transitions and 59 847 transversions. Totally, 89 375 (59.1%) were distributed in 15 473 known genes. A total of 6417 microsatellites were detected in 5970 unigenes, 3216 of which were annotated and 2481 were successfully subjected for primer design. The numbers of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) identified in non‐CDSs, CDSs and UTRs were 2367, 2316 and 1734. These potential SNPs and SSRs are expected to provide abundant resources for genetic, evolutionary and ecological studies in sea cucumber. Transcriptome comparison revealed 1330, 1347 and 1291 DEGs in the coelomocytes of A. japonicus at 4 h, 24 h and 72 h after LPS challenge, respectively. Approximately 58.4% (1802) of total DEGs have been successfully annotated.
Plant flavonoids target Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 flagella and type III secretion system
Authors: Vargas Paola , Farias Gabriela A. , Nogales Joaquina , Prada Harold , Carvajal Vivian , Barón Matilde , Rivilla Rafael , Martín Marta , Olmedilla Adela , Gallegos María‐Trinidad 
Published: July 2013

SummaryFlavonoids are among the most abundant plant secondary metabolites involved in plant protection against pathogens, but micro‐organisms have developed resistance mechanisms to those compounds. We previously demonstrated that the MexAB‐OprM efflux pump mediates resistance of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 to flavonoids, facilitating its survival and the colonization of the host. Here, we have shown that tomato plants respond to Pto infection producing flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. The effects of flavonoids on key traits of this model plant‐pathogen bacterium have also been investigated observing that they reduce Pto swimming and swarming because of the loss of flagella, and also inhibited the expression and assembly of a functional type III secretion system. Those effects were more severe in a mutant lacking the MexAB‐OprM pump. Our results suggest that flavonoids inhibit the function of the GacS/GacA two‐component system, causing a depletion of rsmY RNA, therefore affecting the synthesis of two important virulence factors in Pto DC3000, flagella and the type III secretion system. These data provide new insights into the flavonoid role in the molecular dialog between host and pathogen.
The Future We Get Might Not Be the Future We Want: Analyzing the Rio+20 Outcomes
Authors: Pattberg Philipp , Mert Ayşem 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Rio+20 Summit resulted in a policy outcome that, according to most observers, did not meet the requirements for a deep transformation of the current unsustainable practices that contribute to global environmental change. In light of this assessment, scholars and practitioners have questioned the effectiveness of intergovernmental conferences to solve environmental problems and suggested alternatives, including voluntary commitments, public–private partnerships and bottom‐up approaches. This survey article analyzes the Rio+20 outcomes and argues that, while the overtly high expectations of the public, media, NGOs and scientists have not been met, the concrete results might include the seeds for a substantive transformation of current unsustainable practices. In this context, this article also urges leaders not to abandon international agreements for governing global change prematurely.
Institutional vertebratism hampers insect conservation generally; not just saproxylic beetle conservation
Authors: Leather S. R. 
Published: July 2013

Read the Feature Paper: Protected areas and insect conservation: questioning the effectiveness of Natura 2000 network for saproxylic beetles in ItalyOther Commentaries on this paper: Knowledge gaps in protected area effectivenessResponse from the authors: Possible directions in the protection of the neglected invertebrate biodiversity
Role of the eIF4E binding protein 4E‐BP1 in regulation of the sensitivity of human pancreatic cancer cells to TRAIL and celastrol‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Chakravarthy Reka , Clemens Michael J. , Pirianov Grisha , Perdios Nectarios , Mudan Satvinder , Cartwright Judith E. , Elia Androulla 
Published: July 2013

Background InformationTumour cells can be induced to undergo apoptosis after treatment with the tumour necrosis factor α‐related death‐inducing ligand (TRAIL). Although human pancreatic cancer cells show varying degrees of response they can be sensitised to the pro‐apoptotic effects of TRAIL in the presence of celastrol, a natural compound extracted from the plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. One important aspect of the cellular response to TRAIL is the control of protein synthesis, a key regulator of which is the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E‐binding protein, 4E‐BP1.ResultsWe examined the effects of celastrol and TRAIL in several pancreatic cancer cell lines. In cells that are normally resistant to TRAIL, synergistic effects of TRAIL plus celastrol on commitment to apoptosis and inhibition of protein synthesis were observed. These were associated with a strong up‐regulation and dephosphorylation of 4E‐BP1. The enhancement of 4E‐BP1 expression, which correlated with a threefold increase in the level of the 4E‐BP1 transcript, was blocked by inhibitors of reactive oxygen species and the JNK protein kinase. When the expression of 4E‐BP1 was reduced by an inducible micro‐RNA, TRAIL‐mediated apoptosis was inhibited.ConclusionThese results suggest that 4E‐BP1 plays a critical role in the mechanism by which TRAIL and celastrol together cause apoptotic cell death in human pancreatic tumour cells.
Origin and function of the major royal jelly proteins of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) as members of the yellow gene family
Authors: Buttstedt Anja , Moritz Robin F. A. , Erler Silvio 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIn the honeybee, Apis mellifera, the queen larvae are fed with a diet exclusively composed of royal jelly (RJ), a secretion of the hypopharyngeal gland of young worker bees that nurse the brood. Up to 15% of RJ is composed of proteins, the nine most abundant of which have been termed major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs). Although it is widely accepted that RJ somehow determines the fate of a female larva and in spite of considerable research efforts, there are surprisingly few studies that address the biochemical characterisation and functions of these MRJPs. Here we review the research on MRJPs not only in honeybees but in hymenopteran insects in general and provide metadata analyses on genome organisation of mrjp genes, corroborating previous reports that MRJPs have important functions for insect development and not just a nutritional value for developing honeybee larvae.
STAR splicing mutations cause the severe phenotype of lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia: insights from a novel splice mutation and review of reported cases
Authors: Camats Núria , Pandey Amit V. , Fernández‐Cancio Mónica , Fernández Juan M. , Ortega Ana M. , Udhane Sameer , Andaluz Pilar , Audí Laura , Flück Christa E. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryObjectiveThe steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) transports cholesterol to the mitochondria for steroidogenesis. Loss of StAR function causes lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia (LCAH) which is characterized by impaired synthesis of adrenal and gonadal steroids causing adrenal insufficiency, 46,XY disorder of sex development (DSD) and failure of pubertal development. Partial loss of StAR activity may cause adrenal insufficiency only.PatientA newborn girl was admitted for mild dehydration, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and hypoglycaemia and had normal external female genitalia without hyperpigmentation. Plasma cortisol, 17OH‐progesterone, DHEA‐S, androstendione and aldosterone were low, while ACTH and plasma renin activity were elevated, consistent with the diagnosis of primary adrenal insufficiency. Imaging showed normal adrenals, and cytogenetics revealed a 46,XX karyotype. She was treated with fluids, hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone.Design, Methods and ResultsGenetic studies revealed a novel homozygous STAR mutation in the 3′ acceptor splice site of intron 4, c.466‐1G>A (IVS4‐1G>A). To test whether this mutation would affect splicing, we performed a minigene experiment with a plasmid construct containing wild‐type or mutant StAR gDNA of exons–introns 4–6 in COS‐1 cells. The splicing was assessed on total RNA using RT‐PCR for STAR cDNAs. The mutant STAR minigene skipped exon 5 completely and changed the reading frame. Thus, it is predicted to produce an aberrant and shorter protein (p.V156GfsX19). Computational analysis revealed that this mutant protein lacks wild‐type exons 5–7 which are essential for StAR‐cholesterol interaction.ConclusionsSTAR c.466‐1A skips exon 5 and causes a dramatic change in the C‐terminal sequence of the protein, which is essential for StAR–cholesterol interaction. This splicing mutation is a loss‐of‐function mutation explaining the severe phenotype of our patient. Thus far, all reported splicing mutations of STAR cause a severe impairment of protein function and phenotype.
Alterations in frontostriatal pathways in children born very preterm
Authors: Duerden Emma G , Card Dallas , Lax Ilyse D , Donner Elizabeth J , Taylor Margot J 
Published: July 2013

AimChildren born very preterm (<32wks' gestation) are at risk of white matter injury, particularly in frontostriatal pathways that mediate executive functioning. However, it is unclear whether very preterm children without evidence of neonatal brain injury manifest long‐term white matter microstructural differences once they reach school age and if this is related to cognitive impairments.MethodTwenty school‐aged children born very preterm (11 males, nine females; mean age 8y 6mo, standard error [SE] 1.68mo, range 7y 7mo–9y 6mo; gestational age range 24–30wks, mean gestational age 26.9wks, SE 0.4wk; birthweight 988g, SE 46g, range 570–1424g) without evidence of neonatal brain injury, and 20 sex‐ and age‐matched term‐born children (mean age 8y 4.8mo, SE 1.92mo; range 7y 2mo–9y‐10.8mo) underwent neurodevelopmental assessment and diffusion tensor imaging.ResultsFractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity were calculated within all white matter pathways and within frontostriatal projections. Children born preterm had decreased fractional anisotropy in the territories of the left external capsule, superior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, and inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus. Measures of intelligence were negatively correlated with frontostriatal fractional anisotropy only in males born preterm.InterpretationResults indicate that very preterm‐born children exhibit white matter disturbances that persist into middle childhood, with potential sex differences in the association between these white matter alterations and cognitive function.
Tomato can be a latent carrier of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’, the causal agent of potato zebra chip disease
Authors: Li X. , Nie J. , Arsenault H. , Hammill D. L. , Xu H. , De Boer S. H. 
Published: July 2013

‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ was recently described as the causal agent of potato zebra chip disease. This pathogen occurs in North America, New Zealand, and Northern Europe on various crops, and may spread to other potato growing regions. Observation on ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’‐infected tomato and potato plants propagated in growth chambers over 5 years indicated that tomato plants (cvs Moneymaker and Roma) can be a latent carrier of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’. Tomato plants graft‐inoculated with scions from latently infected tomato plants remained symptomless, but tested positive in a species specific PCR assay. ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ was consistently detected in the top, middle and bottom portion of the symptomless tomato plants, including stem, petiole, midrib, vein, flowers and fruits. In tomato fruits, ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ was evenly distributed in the tissues at the peduncle and style ends, as well as in the pericarp, and columella placenta tissues. This is the first report that ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ is present in a plant reproductive organ. In contrast, potato plants (cvs. Jemseg, Atlantic, Shepody, Frontier Russet, Russet Burbank, Red Pontiac, and Russet Norkotah) grafted with scions from the same latently infected tomato plants resulted in typical symptoms of purple top, leaf scorch, and other disease symptoms in plants and brown discoloration in the vascular ring and medullary rays in tubers.
Epitrix similaris and Epitrix cucumeris in Portugal: damage patterns in potato and suitability of potential host plants for reproduction
Authors: Boavida C. , Giltrap N. , Cuthbertson A. G. S. , Northing P. 
Published: July 2013

The potato flea beetle species Epitrix similaris and Epitrix cucumeris were identified in mainland Portugal in 2009. This was the first finding of the species E. similaris in the EPPO region, and the first report of the species E. cucumeris, established in the Atlantic Islands of Azores (Portugal) for three decades, in the mainland EPPO zone. Preliminary information on the damage patterns caused by E. similaris and E. cucumeris on potato and their host plant preferences is provided. Leaf feeding by the adults causes the characteristic shot‐hole pattern common to flea beetles. The larvae of both species develop on the root system and cause damage to the tubers. In field experiments, tuber damage by E. similaris presented three patterns: superficial tracks (serpentines), black splinters, and shallow holes. In the laboratory E. cucumeris was observed to be able to feed on very small immature tubers, causing serpentines and holes as well. However, in some cases it developed exclusively on roots. The adults of both Epitrix species hardly fed and reproduced on sweet pepper plants but fed and reproduced on the remaining five solanaceous plants tested (aubergine, Datura stramonium, tomato, potato and Solanum nigrum). E. similaris produced a much higher number of progeny on potato and on S. nigrum than on the other host plants. E. cucumeris produced more offspring on S. nigrum than on the other host‐plants.
Clinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic and computed tomographic features of nonseptic osteitis of the axial border of the proximal sesamoid bones
Authors: Vanderperren K. , Bergman H. J. , Spoormakers T. J. P. , Pille F. , Duchateau L. , Puchalski S. M. , Saunders J. H. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyLysis of the axial aspect of equine proximal sesamoid bones (PSBs) is a rare condition reported to have septic or traumatic origins. Limited information exists regarding imaging of nonseptic axial osteitis of a PSB.ObjectivesTo report the clinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic, computed tomographic and intra‐arterial contrast‐enhanced computed tomographic abnormalities in horses with axial nonseptic osteitis of a PSB.Study designRetrospective clinical study.MethodsEighteen horses diagnosed with nonseptic osteitis of the axial border of a PSB between 2007 and 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Case details, clinical examination, radiographic, ultrasonographic, computed tomographic and intra‐arterial/intra‐articular contrast‐enhanced computed tomographic features were recorded, when available. Radiographic, ultrasonographic and computed tomographic evaluations of the fetlock region had been performed on 18, 15 and 9 horses, respectively. The effect of the degree of lysis on the grade and duration of lameness was determined.ResultsAll horses had chronic unilateral lameness, 4 with forelimb and 14 with hindlimb signs. On radiographs, lysis was identified in both PSBs in 14 horses, one PSB in 3 horses and in one horse no lysis was identified. The degree of osteolysis was variable. Ultrasonography identified variably sized irregularities of the bone surface and alteration in echogenicity of the palmar/plantar ligament (PL). All horses undergoing computed tomographic examination (n = 9) had biaxial lysis. The lesions were significantly longer and deeper on computed tomographic images compared with radiographic images. Intra‐arterial contrast‐enhanced computed tomography may reveal moderate to marked contrast enhancement of the PL. There was no significant effect of the degree of lysis on the grade and duration of lameness.ConclusionsLesions of nonseptic axial osteitis of a PSB can be identified using a combination of radiography and ultrasonography. Computed tomography provides additional information regarding the extent of the pathology.