bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy for recent-onset bipolar disorder: Randomised controlled pilot trial
Authors: Jones Steven H. , Smith Gina , Mulligan Lee D. , Lobban Fiona , Law Heather , Dunn Graham , Welford Mary , Kelly James , Mulligan John , Morrison Anthony P. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundDespite evidence for the effectiveness of structured psychological therapies for bipolar disorder no psychological interventions have been specifically designed to enhance personal recovery for individuals with recent-onset bipolar disorder.AimsA pilot study to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a new intervention, recovery-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT), designed in collaboration with individuals with recent-onset bipolar disorder intended to improve clinical and personal recovery outcomes.MethodA single, blind randomised controlled trial compared treatment as usual (TAU) with recovery-focused CBT plus TAU (n= 67).ResultsRecruitment and follow-up rates within 10% of pre-planned targets to 12-month follow-up were achieved. An average of 14.15 h (s.d. = 4.21) of recovery-focused CBT were attended out of a potential maximum of 18 h. Compared with TAU, recovery-focused CBT significantly improved personal recovery up to 12-month follow-up (Bipolar Recovery Questionnaire mean score 310.87, 95% CI 75.00–546.74 (s.e. = 120.34),P= 0.010,d=0.62) and increased time to any mood relapse during up to 15 months follow-up (χ2= 7.64,P<0.006, estimated hazard ratio (HR) = 0.38, 95% CI 0.18–0.78). Groups did not differ with respect to medication adherence.ConclusionsRecovery-focused CBT seems promising with respect to feasibility and potential clinical effectiveness. Clinical- and cost-effectiveness now need to be reliably estimated in a definitive trial.
Hyperactivation of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in C. elegans striated muscle can result from point mutations in the IS6 or the IIIS4 segment of the α1 subunit.
Authors: Lainé Viviane , Ségor Jean Rony , Zhan Hong , Bessereau Jean-Louis , Jospin Maelle 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Several human diseases, including hypokalemic periodic paralysis and Timothy syndrome, are caused by mutations in voltage-gated calcium channels. The effects of these mutations are not always well understood, partially because of difficulties in expressing these channels in heterologous systems. The use of C. elegans could be an alternative approach to determine the effects of mutations on voltage-gated calcium channel function since (i) all the main types of voltage-gated calcium channels are found in C. elegans, (ii) a large panel of mutations already exists, and (iii) efficient genetic tools are available to engineer customized mutations in any gene. In this study, we characterize the effects of two gain-of-function mutations in egl-19, which encodes the L-type calcium channel α1 subunit. One of these mutations, ad695, leads to the replacement of a hydrophobic residue in the IIIS4 segment. The other mutation, n2368, changes a conserved glycine of IS6 segment; this mutation has been identified in Timothy syndrome patients. We show that both egl-19(gain-of-function) mutants have defects in locomotion and morphology that are linked to higher muscle tone. Using in situ electrophysiological approaches in striated muscle cells, we provide evidence that this high muscle tone is due to a shift of the voltage-dependency towards negative potentials, associated with a decrease of the inactivation rate of the L-type Ca2+ current. Moreover, we show that the maximal conductance of the Ca2+ current is decreased in the strongest mutant egl-19(n2368), and that this decrease is correlated with a mislocalization of the channel.
The development of pathogen resistance in Daphnia magna: implications for disease spread in age-structured populations
Authors: Garbutt Jennie S. , O'Donghue Anna J.P. , McTaggart Seanna J. , Wilson Philip J. , Little Tom J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Immunity in vertebrates is well-established to develop with time, but the ontogeny of defense in invertebrates is markedly less studied. Yet, age-specific capacity for defense against pathogens, coupled with age-structure in populations, has widespread implications for disease spread. Thus, we sought to determine the susceptibility of hosts of different ages in an experimental invertebrate host-pathogen system. In a series of experiments, we show that the ability of Daphnia magna to resist its natural bacterial pathogen Pasteuria ramosa changes with host age. Clonal differences make it difficult to draw general conclusions, but the majority of observations indicate that resistance increases early in the life of D. magna, consistent with the idea that the defense system develops with time. Subsequently, resistance tends to decline, at about the time when a daphnid would be most heavily investing in reproduction. Because many ecological factors influence the age structure of Daphnia populations, our results highlight a broad mechanism by which ecological context can affect disease epidemiology. We also showed that a previously observed protective effect of restricted maternal food persists throughout the entire juvenile period, and that the protective effect of prior treatment with a small dose of the pathogen (“priming”) persists for seven days, observations that reinforce the idea that immunity in D. magna can change over time. Together, our experiments lead us to conclude that invertebrate defense capabilities have an ontogeny that merits consideration both with respect to their immune systems and the epidemic spread of infection.
Physicochemical Properties of Chilled Abalone as Influenced by Washing Pretreatment in Citric Acid Combined with High Pressure Processing
Authors: Chun Ji-Yeon , Jo Yeon-Ji , Jung Kyeong-Hun , Choi Mi-Jung , Min Sang-Gi , Hong Geun-Pyo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Citric acid pretreatment (2% and 4% citric acid) and high pressure processing (200–400 MPa for 3 min) were conducted to elucidate quality characteristics and shelf life of abalone during chilled storage. Physicochemical properties, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and total viable count (TVC) were used as indicators of quality and the shelf life of abalone. Citric acid pretreatment caused a decrease in pH and lightness, and 4% citric acid pretreatment exhibited a positive effect on TVB-N and TVC. Pressurization suppressed the formation of TVB-N and the growth of TVC in abalone. However, excessive modification in physicochemical properties of abalone resulted from processing at a pressure higher than 300 MPa. To achieve microbial inactivation without severe modification in abalone quality, citric acid pretreatment with high pressure processing offered a potential advantage in maintaining characteristics of chilled abalone during prolonged storage period.
Moisture Sorption Isotherms, Isosteric Heat of Sorption and Glass Transition Temperature of Murtilla (Ugni molinaeT.) Berry
Authors: Ah-Hen Kong S. , Lemus-Mondaca Roberto , Mathias-Rettig Karen A. , Vega-Gálvez Antonio , López Jessica 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAdsorption and desorption isotherms of fresh and dried murtilla (Ugni molinaeTurcz) berries were determined at 20, 40 and 60°C using a gravimetric technique. The experimental data obtained were fitted to eight models, namely GAB, BET, Henderson, Caurie, Smith, Oswin, Halsey and Iglesias–Chirife. A non-linear least square regression analysis was used to evaluate the models. The GAB model best fitted the experimental data. Isosteric heat of sorption was determined from the equilibrium sorption data using the Clausius–Clapeyron equation and was found to decrease exponentially with increasing moisture content. The enthalpy–entropy compensation theory applied to the sorption isotherms indicated an enthalpy controlled sorption process. Glass transition temperature of murtilla was determined by differential scanning calorimetry and modelled as a function of moisture content by the Gordon–Taylor equation and as function of water activity by Roos and Khalloufi models, which proved to be excellent tools for predicting glass transition of murtilla.
Marangoni Convection Flow and Heat Transfer of Power Law Nanofluids Driven by Temperature Gradient with Modified Fourier's Law
Authors: Lin Yan-Hai , Zheng Lian-Cun , Zhang Jun-Hong 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We present a research for Marangoni convection heat transfer in power law nanofluids driven by temperature gradient. Four types of nanoparticles, namely Cu, Al2O3, CuO and TiO2 are considered by using power law CMC-water as a base fluid. The effects of power law viscosity on temperature field are taken into account by assuming that the temperature field is similar to the velocity field and the surface tension is assumed a quadratic function of the temperature. The governing partial differential equations are formulated and similarity solutions are obtained numerically using shooting method. The effects of the solid volume fraction, the Power law index and the Marangoni parameter on the velocity and temperature fields are analyzed and discussed in detail.
Imaging the electro-kinetic response of biological tissues with phase-resolved optical coherence tomography
Authors: Demidov Valentin , Toronov Vladislav , Xu Yuan , Vuong Barry , Sun Carry , Yang Victor , Vitkin Alex 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this study, the electro-kinetic phenomena (EKP) induced in biological tissue by external electric field, while not directly visible in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, were detected by analyzing their textural speckle features. During application of a low-frequency electric field to the tissue, speckle patterns changed their brightness and shape depending on the local tissue EKP. Since intensities of OCT image speckle patterns were analyzed and discussed in our previous publications, this work is mainly focused on OCT signal phase analysis. The algorithm for extracting local spatial phase variations from unwrapped phases is introduced. The detection of electrically induced optical changes manifest in OCT phase images shows promise for monitoring the fixed charge density changes within tissues through their electro-kinetic responses. This approach may help in the identification and characterization of morphology and function of healthy and pathologic tissues.
Extreme phenotypic variability of thyroid dysgenesis in six new cases of congenital hypothyroidism due to PAX8 gene loss-of-function mutations
Authors: Ramos H E , Carré A , Chevrier L , Szinnai G , Tron E , Cerqueira T L O , Léger J , Cabrol S , Puel O , Queinnec C , De Roux N , Guillot L , Castanet M , Polak M 
Published: September 2014

ContextWithin the last two decades, heterozygous loss-of-function PAX8 mutations have been reported in patients with a wide degree of thyroid gland dysfunction and growth despite the presence of identical mutations.ObjectivesTo search for PAX8 mutations in a cohort of patients with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and various types of thyroid gland defects.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted in a cohort of patients.SettingThe French neonatal screening program was used for recruiting patients.PatientsA total of 118 patients with CH, including 45 with familial and 73 with sporadic diseases, were included in this study. The thyroid gland was normal in 23 patients had hypoplasia, 25 had hemithyroid agenesis, 21 had athyreosis, and 21 had ectopy.ResultsWe found four different PAX8 mutations (p.R31C, p.R31H, p.R108X, and p.I47T) in ten patients (six patients with CH and four family members), two with sporadic and eight with familial diseases. Imaging studies performed in the index cases showed ectopic thyroid gland (n=2), hypoplasia (n=2), eutopic lobar asymmetry (n=1), and eutopic gland compatible with dyshormonogenesis (n=1). The previously reported p.R31C and the novel p.I47T PAX8 mutations are devoid of activity.ConclusionFour different PAX8 mutations were detected in six index patients with CH (ten total subjects). The p.R31C, p.R31H, and p.R108X mutations have been reported. The novel p.I47T PAX8 mutation presented loss of function leading to CH. Thyroid ectopy was observed in two cases of PAX8 (p.R31H) mutation, a finding that has not been reported previously. We observed a high inter-individual and intra-familial variability of the phenotype in PAX8 mutations, underlining that population genetic studies for CH should include patients with various clinical presentations.
LiMBO3 (M=Fe, Mn): Potential Cathode for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Allen Jan L. , Xu Kang , Zhang Sam S. , Jow T. Richard 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRecently discovered borates, LiMBO3 (M=Fe, Mn), share similarities with LiFe(Mn)PO4. They are polyanion structures, contain extractable lithium and suffer from low electronic conductivity. They are attractive to replace expensive, less abundant redox metals in current use in cathodes with environmentally friendly iron or manganese. Phosphate or borate groups adjacent to the redox active metal increase the voltage of the redox couple through an inductive effect. The LiFeBO3 discharge curve shows a pseudo-plateau around 2.6 V for the Fe(II) / Fe(III) couple. This study brings to bear techniques to improve electrode conductivity to produce LiMBO3 composite electrodes thus allowing access to some of the high, theoretical specific capacity. At low current, up to 70 percent of lithium could be extracted from LiFeBO3 that was prepared in the presence of high surface area, highly electrically conductive carbon black. Attempts to improve the cathode properties of LiMnBO3 were less successful.
Spatial Response of Epilithic Diatom Communities to Downstream Nutrient Increases
Authors: Schuch Marilia , Oliveira Maria Angelica , Lobo Eduardo A. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT: To monitor water quality and investigate relationships between downstream nutrient increases and diatom communities in the Pardo River Basin, Brazil, water and diatom samples were collected between 2005 and 2009. There were significant differences in diatom community composition among all river zones, with the greatest differences found between the upper and lower reaches. Significant changes were detected in relative abundances of diatom species and spatial structuring was evident. Dissolved oxygen, phosphates, turbidity, Eicherichia coli, and total dissolved solids were the most important variables shaping diatom communities, characterizing an organic pollution and eutrophication gradient. However, the hypothesis of sensitive species prevailing upstream and their gradual downstream replacement for more tolerant species was not confirmed because shifts in relative abundances of the same group of species in both the upper and lower reaches of the rivers were identified.
Early Improvement Predicts Reduced Risk of Incident Diabetes and Improved Cardiovascular Risk in Prediabetic Asian Indian Men Participating in a 2-Year Lifestyle Intervention Program
Authors: Nanditha Arun , Ram Jagannathan , Snehalatha Chamukuttan , Selvam Sundaram , Priscilla Susairaj , Shetty Ananth Samith , Arun Raghavan , Godsland Ian F. , Johnston Desmond G. , Ramachandran Ambady 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE
Objectives of this ancillary analysis of a prospective, prevention study among Asian Indians with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were a) to quantify the reduction in incident diabetes at 24 months in participants who achieved normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at 6 months (NGT-6 m) compared with the other participants, b) the factors influencing the reversal to NGT at the end of the study at 24 months (NGT-24 m), and c) to assess changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in different categories of dysglycemia at 24 months.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data from a 2-year primary prevention trial were used. Effect of reversion to NGT-6 m on incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Predictive variables for reversal to NGT were identified using multiple logistic regression analysis. Changes in cardiometabolic risk factors were estimated according to the final glycemic status using fixed-effect, mixed-linear regression modeling.

RESULTS
The risk of T2DM in 2 years was lower by 75% in NGT-6 m group (hazard ratio 0.25 [95% CI 0.12–0.52]). Predictive variables for reversal to NGT-24 m were good baseline β-cell function (odds ratio [OR] 2.79 [95% CI 2.30–3.40]) and its further improvement (OR 5.70 [95% CI 4.58–7.08]), and NGT-6 m (OR 2.10 [95% CI 1.14–3.83]). BMI decreased in those who reverted to NGT. Deterioration to T2DM was associated with an increase in the levels of cardiometabolic risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS
Early reversion to NGT by lifestyle intervention in prediabetic men was associated with a significant reduction in subsequent incidence of diabetes. Good baseline β-cell function and its further improvement and NGT-6 m were associated with reversion to NGT-24 months. Reversion to NGT was associated with modest improvements, whereas conversion to T2DM was associated with significant worsening of the cardiometabolic risk profile.
Comparison of an Oak Forest and of a Pasture Groundwater Uptake and Salt Dynamics on the Hungarian Great Plain
Authors: Gribovszki Zoltán , Kalicz Péter , Balog Kitti , Szabó András , Tóth Tibor 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The forest area in Hungary has increased during the last century from 1.1 to 2.0 million ha. The European Union supports further afforestation so roughly 15 -18 000 hectares are being planted each year, mostly on the Hungarian Great Plain. Water uptake of forests from groundwater can be significant in shallow groundwater areas of the Hungarian Great Plain especially in drought periods. Therefore forests can induce water table depression and subsurface salt accumulation above saline water table in areas with a negative water balance.
The impact of forests is examined by a systematic study on the Hungarian Great Plain., An oak forest and a pasture groundwater uptake and salt accumulation effect were compared at the stand scale. Under the forest the water table levels were roughly 0.5 m lower than under the pasture, and the groundwater uptake of the oak plot was more than twice as great. Larger forest groundwater use is not followed by a higher salt uptake. Therefore slight salt accumulation was measured both in the soil and also in the groundwater. Higher groundwater uptake may cause more significant salt accumulation under pronounced drought conditions of a warmer climate.
Representation of the Ethiopian Multicultural Society in Secondary Teacher Education Curricula
Authors: Margo Robsan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the multi-ethnic and multicultural characteristics of the diverse Ethiopian society are incorporated into the current secondary teacher education curricula of the country. To that end, both qualitative and quantitative content analyses were used as tools for data collection. The Ethiopian general national secondary teacher education curricula framework and three other specific secondary teacher education curricula were analysed based on Banksí (1993, 2001, 2006) four approaches to the integration of ethnic and multicultural contents into teacher education curricula. The study exhibited an increasing ambition to address issues of multicultural education into the Ethiopian general national secondary teacher education curricula framework. Nevertheless, elements of multi-ethnic and multicultural education are, to a great extent, missing in the specific secondary teacher education curricula. Implications which are assumed to improve fair representation of the ethnic and cultural diversity of the Ethiopian peoples into the entire secondary teacher education curricula are presented in the article.`
A new water energy dissipater for efficient energy dissipation and enriching the flow with dissolved oxygen content
Authors: Ashour Mohamed A. , Sayed Tarek , El-Attar Salah 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
One of the most important problems Egypt is facing nowadays is saving and controlling the limited available quantity of water and its quality for irrigation and other purposes. Such goals may be achieved through different types of diversion head structures across the river and in the entrance of other carrying canals. The construction of diversion head structures, which usually causes many technical problems, should have the objective of solving and overcoming to protect the structure from failure. The main problem occurs downstream. Such structures have the harmful effect of converting the potential energy gained in the upstream side to a kinetic energy in the downstream side. This energy must be dissipated shortly and safely as near as possible to the head structure to avoid its destructive effect. The hydraulic jump is the most effective tool for the dissipation of water energy, accelerating the forming of the hydraulic jump downstream such structures became essential for achieving our main goal. Using energy dissipaters on the soled apron in the downstream side of the structures was the main technique for accelerating the hydraulic jump formation and dissipating great amount of the residual harmful kinetic energy occurring downstream head structures. So early, many researchers investigated different types, shapes, and arrangements of such dissipaters to evaluate its efficiency in dissipating the water energy and accelerating the forming of the hydraulic jump. In fact, in our present study we will try to investigate some other shapes of energy dissipaters, which have not been studied enough, by evaluating its positive technical impact on: (i) percentage value of dissipating kinetic water energy; (ii) percentage value of increasing the dissolved oxygen (DO) content in the irrigation water, and improving its quality. The study is proposed to be held in the irrigation and hydraulic laboratory of the Civil department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, using a movable bed tilting channel 20 m long, 30 cm wide, and 50 cm high, using fourteen types of curved dissipaters with different arrangements as shown in Table 2. It is worth mentioning that, in this first part of our paper, we will introduce a comparative analysis for the efficiency of different types of energy dissipaters available in the literature review. The most effective types of the previously studied dissipaters will be put in a comparison with our new dissipaters from the two above mentioned points of view, and the results will be presented in the second part of this paper later.
The structure and spatial heterogeneity of zooplankton in small lake river Wel (Poland)
Authors: Napiórkowski Paweł , Napiórkowska Teresa 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine changes in potamoplankton structure caused by lakes in the fluvial system of the small River Wel. The river flows through 10 lakes. The study was conducted in 2007 and 2008. The selection of sites enabled the assessment of the impact exerted by hydrological conditions of the river on zooplankton, as well as the determination of the effect of lakes situated within the river course on the analysed assemblage of organisms. In total 95 species were determined with an average abundance 1026 ind. 10 dm-3. Rotifers dominated qualitatively and quantitatively and among crustaceans - Copepods. Lakes seem to be the main source of zooplankton in the fluvial system of the Wel River. The lakes disturb the river continuum, but their impact on the structure of zooplankton is short-lived. Due to the presence of flow-through lakes along the river, species richness of zooplankton in the Wel River is similar to that in large rivers.