bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional Changes in the Fetal Telencephalic Wall Diffusion Metrics Across Late Second and Third Trimesters
Authors: Calixto Camilo , Cortes‐Albornoz Maria C. , Velasco‐Annis Clemente , Karimi Davood , Afacan Onur , Warfield Simon K. , Gholipour Ali , Jaimes Camilo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDuring the second and third trimesters of human gestation, the brain undergoes rapid neurodevelopment thanks to critical processes such as neuronal migration, radial glial scaffolding, and synaptic sprouting. Unfortunately, gathering high‐quality MRI data on the healthy fetal brain is complex, making it challenging to understand this development. To address this issue, we conducted a study using motion‐corrected diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to analyze changes in the cortical gray matter (CP) and sub‐cortical white matter (scWM) microstructure in 44 healthy fetuses between 23 and 36 weeks of gestational age. We automatically segmented these two tissues and parcellated them into eight regions based on anatomy, including the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes, cingulate, sensory and motor cortices, and the insula. We were able to observe distinct patterns of diffusion MRI signals across these regions. Specifically, we found that in the CP, fractional anisotropy (FA) consistently decreased with age, while mean diffusivity (MD) followed a downward‐open parabolic trend. Conversely, in the scWM, FA exhibited an upward‐open parabolic trajectory, while MD followed a downward‐open parabolic trend. Our study underscores the potential for diffusion as a biomarker for normal and abnormal neurodevelopment before birth, especially since most neurodiagnostic tools are not yet available at this stage.
Social Support, Happiness, State Anxiety, and Passion at Work Among Medical Staff Members During Times of Armed Conflict in Israel
Authors: Shamir‐Balderman Orit , Shamir Michal 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study examined the relationship of social support, happiness, state anxiety, and passion at work (PAW) among medical staff members during armed conflict in Israel. Using snowball sampling, this research investigated how these factors interact in healthcare settings during crisis periods. Findings revealed a significant positive correlation between happiness and harmonious PAW, whereas no relationship was found with obsessive PAW. State anxiety showed a negative correlation with harmonious passion. Social support patterns indicate that healthcare workers relied primarily on immediate supervisors and colleagues rather than formal organizational services, with high support levels reported from significant others and family compared to moderate organizational support. These findings extend previous research by outlining how psychological factors influence different forms of PAW during specific crisis events. The current research has important implications for healthcare organisations in developing effective support mechanisms and crisis management strategies.
The Impact of Armed Conflict in Northern Nigeria on Reproductive Autonomy and Unmet Need for Family Planning: A Difference‐in‐Differences Propensity Score Matching Approach
Authors: Vilier Lieke , Groot Wim 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsIn Northern Nigeria, entrenched patriarchal norms, high maternal mortality rates, low contraceptive use, and a fragile healthcare system exacerbated by conflict pose significant challenges to reproductive autonomy and family planning. This study investigates the impact of conflict exposure on women's unmet family planning needs and reproductive autonomy, including contraceptive decision‐making, discussing condom use, and declining sexual advances.MethodsThis study employs a kernel‐based difference‐in‐differences model using data from the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (2008, 2013, 2018) linked with conflict incident data from the Armed Conflict Location and Events Database.ResultsResults suggest that conflict exposure is generally associated with women's reproductive autonomy, with effects varying over time and between urban and rural settings. Specifically, urban conflict exposure before 2013 was found to be associated with an increased ability for women to refuse sexual advances and a reduction in unmet family planning needs. Conflict exposure during 2014–2018 is found to be associated with an increased ability for women to request condom use and an increased ability to refuse sex.ConclusionThe diverse outcomes, which predominantly show positive associations between conflict exposure and women's reproductive autonomy, may be attributed to the presence of humanitarian assistance, changed fertility preferences and altered gender norms during conflict.
Hiding in Plain Sight—Relapsing Polychondritis Disguised as Hip Arthritis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Li Zhanxia , Ren Tao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundRelapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by episodic inflammation of cartilaginous tissues. Its diverse clinical manifestations frequently pose diagnostic challenges and lead to misdiagnosis.MethodsWe present a 59‐year‐old female initially diagnosed with refractory hip osteoarthritis based on persistent left hip pain unresponsive to conventional anti‐inflammatory therapy. Subsequent development of stridor and dyspnea prompted comprehensive evaluation, including laryngotracheal imaging, autoimmune serology, and multidisciplinary consultation. Diagnostic criteria for RP were applied in accordance with revised Michet criteria.ResultsTracheal stenosis secondary to tracheal chondritis and iritis were identified, confirming the diagnosis of RP. Following initiation of corticosteroid therapy, the patient exhibited marked clinical improvement.ConclusionThis case underscores the importance of enhanced clinical awareness regarding atypical presentations of RP, particularly when accompanied by evolving systemic symptoms. A multidisciplinary diagnostic approach is advocated to facilitate early detection and improve patient outcomes.
High‐risk human papillomavirus genotypes in previously unscreened reproductive‐age women in Ethiopia: A community‐based cohort study
Authors: Kebede Habtamu Biazin , Mekuria Selamawit , Asegid Nahom , Forslund Ola , Borgfeldt Christer , Jerkeman Mats , Mihret Adane , Abebe Tamrat 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHigh‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) genotype is needed for adequate cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination program evaluation as recommended by different guidelines. We aimed to assess the rate of HPV infection and HPV genotype distribution using vaginal self‐sampling in a cohort of unscreened reproductive‐age women in Ethiopia. A community‐based cohort study was conducted with women aged 23–46 living in Adama, Ethiopia. A total of 885 self‐collected vaginal swabs were obtained and tested for hrHPV genotypes with the real‐time polymerase chain reaction technique. The overall hrHPV prevalence was 21.1% (187/885, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.5–24.0). Among women living with human immunodeficiency virus, 46% (30/56) (95% CI: 33.7–59) were hrHPV positive compared with 19% (157/820) (95% CI: 16.2–22) of human immunodeficiency virus‐negative women. The most frequent genotypes were HPV16 (3.1%), HPV51 (3.1%), HPV35 (2.6%), HPV56 (2.6%), HPV52 (2.4%), HPV31 (2.5%), and HPV39 (2.5%). Among the 187 HPV‐positive women in self‐samples, HPV 16/18 was found in 21% (39), HPV 16/18/45 was found in 24% (44), and HPV 16/18/31/33/45/52/58 was prevalent in 56% (104). Out of 116 biopsies, 7% (8) had cervical intraepithelial lesions and worse identified. Of these eight cervical intraepithelial lesions and worse patients, only 25% tested positive for HPV‐16; none tested positive for HPV‐18 or 45. One out of five women tested positive for hrHPV genotypes. Other HPV genotypes not covered by the quadrivalent HPV vaccine but associated with clinically significant cervical high‐grade lesions or cancer were detected in 75%. It is more effective to prevent cervical cancer by switching to the nine‐valent HPV vaccine.
Field burning in the mountainous agricultural areas of western Japan—Rice field and levee
Authors: Fushimi Akihide , Shimizu Yuta , Ikemura Yoshiaki , Kihara Nahoko 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn mountainous agricultural regions of western Japan, the labor shortage caused by the aging population has made it difficult to manage the levee slopes around rice paddies. Therefore, we considered converting the weedy levee into lawn levee to reduce the number of mowing times and to set fires during the agricultural off‐season from October to April. As first step, to understand the current state of burning of the weedy levee, we conducted a survey of burn traces on the surface of the rice fields and on the slopes of levees from October to April in mountainous agricultural areas of Hiroshima prefecture. Burn traces on the surfaces of rice fields were found in many places, both across the entire field and in parts, in October after the rice harvest, which is thought to be influenced by the weather before the burning. Burn traces on the slopes of rice levees were found in many places, across the entire field, in March before farm work began. There were also many burn traces in patches in both October and March. It is thought that burning was carried out after grass was cut and collected. The height of lawn levee is much smaller than that of current weeds. By converting the vegetation to Zoysia grass turf on levees, it will be possible to carry out safe burning, which is thought to lead to reduced labor required for managing rice levees in Japan's mountainous agricultural regions.
Neighborhood Cohesion and Symptoms of Anxiety Across Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States
Authors: Albrecht Soto Sara L. , Santos‐Lozada Alexis R. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study evaluates whether the association between neighborhood cohesion and frequency of anxiety symptoms varies by racial/ethnic group in the United States (US). Our study includes 89,617 respondents ages 18 and older from the National Health Interview Survey (2013–2018). We fit multivariate generalized linear regression models with interactions between neighborhood cohesion and race/ethnicity to test our hypotheses. We find that greater neighborhood social cohesion is associated with a lower frequency of anxiety symptoms for all racial/ethnic groups. However, this relationship was strongest for NL‐Whites and Asians compared to NL‐Black and Latine adults. No significant differences in this relationship were found between NL‐Black, Latine, and Asian adults. Our study suggests that examining markers of mental health, such as anxiety symptoms, among the US population should consider variations in associations by race/ethnicity to expand our understanding of contextual factors that are associated with these outcomes. Population‐based assessments of mental health markers should consider how sociocultural mechanisms operate differently by race/ethnicity.
Comparison of Methods for Isolation and Characterization of Total and Astrocyte‐Enriched Extracellular Vesicles From Human Serum and Plasma
Authors: Figueroa‐Hall Leandra K. , Burrows Kaiping , Alarbi Ahlam M. , Hannafon Bethany N. , Hladik Cole , Tan Chibing , Ramesh Rajagopal , Stewart Jennifer L. , Risbrough Victoria B. , Paulus Martin P. , Teague T. Kent 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EV) which play critical roles in intercellular communication, have garnered interest as biomarkers with researchers studying brain‐related disease processes due to their ability to be isolated from various biofluids. Astrocytes, a type of glial cell, play a critical role in neuronal regulation and function. As such, EV enriched from astrocytes can be used to interrogate cargo and identify mechanisms by which astrocytes communicate with other cells of the central nervous system or shed light on pathophysiological conditions. This manuscript compared five EV isolation methods (differential ultracentrifugation [dUC], precipitation, precipitation + purification, silicon carbon resin and size exclusion chromatography [SEC]) using small volumes of human plasma and serum with a focus on immunocapture of astrocyte‐enriched EV (AEEV), with the excitatory amino acid transporter 1, or GLAST. Methods were evaluated on yield, purity, recovery and downstream application to include immunoassays for tetraspanin, immune and astrocyte markers. Results revealed that whilst precipitation‐based methods such as ExoQuick yielded higher EV concentrations, size exclusion (SmartSEC, qEV) provided greater purity, emphasizing a trade‐off between yield and purity. This study provides a comprehensive resource for researchers in selecting EV isolation methods tailored to small biobanked clinical samples, with the goal of advancing biomarker discovery in Neuroscience.
Oral Ad5 Vector‐Based SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccine Effectively Induces Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Mao Tongyao , Zhang Peng , Jiang Surui , Li Dandi , Li Jinsong , Zhang Qing , Wang Hong , Kong Xiangyu , Duan Zhaojun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMucosal immunity is essential for preventing viral infections through the mucosal route. The emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants have posed additional hurdles to the efficiency of existing vaccines. The rapid development of novel vaccines that generate broad mucosal and systemic immunity could be the most effective strategy to address this issue. In this study, we developed a recombinant and replication‐deficient type‐5 adenoviral vaccine with a built‐in double‐strand RNA adjuvant and the vaccine expresses the SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.1 spike (S) antigen (hereinafter referred to as “the oral vaccine”). We found that two doses of the oral vaccine in BALB/c mice generated long‐lasting S‐specific mucosal and systemic immune responses, as well as broad neutralizing antibodies and SIgA antibodies. In addition, we found that compared to an mRNA vaccine booster, using the oral vaccine as a booster could induce both effective mucosal and systemic immunity, addressing the limitation of mRNA vaccines in eliciting mucosal immunity. Prospective oral vaccines require further investigation into development and potential applications, particularly viral challenge experiments, before clinical trials.
Chemical Composition Dependent Raman Scattering Spectroscopy of MBE Grown Manganese ‐ Based Bismuth Telluride Topological Insulator Thin Films
Authors: Kumar N. , Ishchenko Denis V. , Milekhin Ilya A. , Kyrova Ekaterina D. , Fedosenko Evgeny V. , Milekhin Alexander G. , Tereshchenko Oleg E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTChemical composition dependent vibrational modes of manganese‐based bismuth telluride (MBT) magnetic topological insulators thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy were studied by Raman spectroscopy and compared with the vibrational modes of Bi2Te3 films. Intensity of TO mode was much stronger in Bi efficient MBT film. In contrast, vibrational cross‐section of LO mode was stronger in Bi deficient MBT compound. TO mode corresponds to in‐plane vibrations of Bi‐Te atomic layers. Deficiency of Bi atoms in the MBT indicated that the vibrational degree of freedom of Bi‐Te in the septuple unit cell was less probable. Antisymmetric out‐of‐phase vibration of Te‐Te atoms resulted in LO mode in which Bi atom was stationary, therefore vibrational cross‐section of this mode for Bi deficient MBT film was stronger. A resonantly excited Eg and A1g modes was observed at excitation energy 1.57 eV associated to deformation potential and Frohlich electron–phonon coupling, respectively.
Differences in anti‐obesity effects between raw and ripened Pu‐erh tea polyphenols: impact on gut microbiota enterotypes
Authors: Ning Zichen , Pan Weipeng , Huang Yayan , Zhang Na , Zheng Bingde , Zhang Xueqin , Xiao Meitian , Yang Yucheng , Ye Jing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundPu‐erh tea, a dark tea from China, is classified into raw and ripened types. Both have significant anti‐obesity effects. Polyphenols are among their major bioactive components. This study aimed to explore the anti‐obesity properties and mechanisms of raw (R‐TP) and ripened (F‐TP) Pu‐erh tea polyphenols.ResultsThe results showed that R‐TP and F‐TP significantly reduced body weight, improved insulin resistance, and enhanced glucose and lipid metabolism in high‐fat‐diet (HFD)‐induced obese mice. Mild differences were observed in their impact on fat metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and inflammation levels. Both R‐TP and F‐TP were able to restore the disrupted intestinal flora caused by HFD treatment, returning them to a composition and levels similar to those of normal mice. Interestingly, the gut microbiota of all the mice could be reclassified into three enterotypes (enterotype Type‐1, Type‐2, and Type‐HFD). Lactobacillaceae predominated in Type‐1. Lactobacillaceae, Muribaculaceae, and Lachnospiraceae were the most common in Type‐2. Type‐HFD was primarily composed of Atopobiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae. The small differences in the effects of R‐TP and F‐TP may be due to variations in enterotypes.ConclusionThese findings indicate that R‐TP and F‐TP can alleviate obesity by regulating the enterotype of gut microbiota, suggesting that they possess the potential for application in the treatment of obesity and the development of anti‐obesity agents. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evaluating YouTube Videos for Resident Education in Free Flap Surgery
Authors: Meci Andrew , Bollig Craig , Tseng Christopher C. , Goyal Neerav 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe ease of access of online videos and the popularity of visual learning have made YouTube a popular educational resource. We analyzed the utility of YouTube videos for graduate medical education about free flap surgery using a cross‐sectional study design.MethodsUsing the phrases “free flap surgery” and “free flap head and neck,” YouTube videos for inclusion were identified. Videos were analyzed by free flap surgeons using Modified DISCERN, Global Quality Score (GQS), and JAMA Benchmark metrics of video quality, educational value, and transparency, respectively. Statistical analysis of video metadata and expert‐determined scores was performed.ResultsIn total, 44 videos with 517,227 combined views were analyzed. Most videos were intra‐operative (63.6%), published by physicians (34.1%) or medical institutions (22.7%), and had health professional target audiences (95.5%). The mean Modified DISCERN score was 15.4/25, with most videos classified as “fair” (54.6%). The mean GQS was 4.17/5 and the mean JAMA Benchmark was 2.7/4. Higher Modified DISCERN scores were significantly associated with health professional target audiences (p = 0.04) and webinars (p = 0.03). Higher GQS was also significantly associated with a health professional target audience (p < 0.01), and higher JAMA scores with YouTube verification (p = 0.04).ConclusionRoutine YouTube searches may not yield results ideal for resident education in head and neck free flap surgery. While many videos are of good educational value, lower transparency and reliability scores raise concerns of biased information. It is important to consider vetted educational or health care sources for resident surgical education.Level of EvidenceLevel IV (cross‐sectional study).
Ionogel Adhesives: From Structural Design to Emerging Applications
Authors: Huang Yangyu , Zhu He , Zhang Qi , Zhu Shiping 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAdhesives are indispensable in both daily household applications and advanced industrial settings, where they must deliver exceptional bonding performance. Ionogel adhesives, which feature a supporting polymer network infused with ionic liquid (IL), have emerged as promising candidates due to their unique structural and functional properties. The presence of ionic species within ionogels promotes non‐covalent interactions—such as ionic bonds, ion‐dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding—that enhance both cohesion within the material and adhesion to various substrates. These characteristics make ionogels ideal for applications that require robust adhesive performance, especially in demanding environments. Despite the growing interest in ionogel adhesives, a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in this area is lacking. This paper aims to fill this gap by categorizing ionogel adhesives based on their composition and discussing strategies to enhance their adhesive properties. Additionally, novel ionogel adhesives designed for specific applications are highlighted. Finally, the current state of research is summarized, and offers insights into the challenges and future opportunities for the development of ionogel adhesives.
Morphology of Nanometer‐Sized PEDOT:PSS Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Zixian , Liu Xinlu , Luo Qi , Zhou Xianmin , Zhou Qijin , Liu Yang , Zhou Yinhua 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSolution‐processed conducting polymer complex of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been widely used in the fields of organic electronics and optoelectronics due to its outstanding electronic properties and processing superiority. It is important to understand the nanostructure of PEDOT:PSS to manipulate its electronic properties. In this work, it is reported that PEDOT:PSS nanoparticles with an average size of ≈22 nm are observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) by diluting the dispersion and by alcohol treatment. Specifically, the traditional dispersion (1.0–1.3 wt.%) is diluted one million times and then treated with ultrasonication and polar alcohols. The treatments of ultrasonication and polar alcohols help to reduce the entanglement of PEDOT:PSS chains and remove excess PSS, which leads to the exposure of the nanometer‐sized PEDOT:PSS particles. Moreover, quantum‐sized PEDOT:PSS dots with a size range of 2–3 nm are observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Multinuclear Interleaving of 1H CEST, Water T2*, and 23Na MRI at 3 T
Authors: Lopez Kolkovsky Alfredo L. , Wang Chencai , Yao Jingwen , Ellingson Benjamin M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMRI in vivo is a powerful clinical diagnosis tool as it allows acquiring noninvasively images with an ample range of contrasts. Advanced imaging techniques such as chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) allow measuring metabolic information including pH. Sodium tissue concentration, which can be measured by 23Na MRI, is sensitive to changes in different pathological conditions. The routine clinical application of these techniques is limited by the required additional scan time. Multinuclear interleaved techniques allow reducing the total acquisition scan time by performing the pulse sequence elements of a 1H imaging sequence during the idle times typically used in 23Na MRI to allow magnetization recovery and reduce T1 weighting. An interleaved radial amine CEST and sodium (INTERLACED) pulse sequence was developed on a clinical scanner to simultaneously map acidity or T2* decay with 23Na signal, reducing the total scan time by 46% relative to sequential mononuclear acquisitions and without introducing any significant bias, as demonstrated in vitro. Dynamic INTERLACED measures were performed in the leg during a 5‐min plantar flexion exercise and during a second plantar flexion exercise immediately followed by a 5‐min voluntary isometric contraction. The results showed increased T2* and 23Na signal during recovery in the gastrocnemius (GAS) while only an increase in 23Na signal was observed in the soleus (SOL). During the isometric contraction, T2* decreased in GAS, SOL, and the tibialis anterior; the 23Na signal increased in GAS and SOL; and the magnetization transfer asymmetry increased in GAS, in agreement with an increase of intracellular sodium and acidification of the extracellular space. Our approach requires no hardware modifications, facilitating its inclusion in clinical routine at 3 T. Furthermore, it could benefit functional studies by enabling the acquisition of dynamic multinuclear information simultaneously from the same transient state.