bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defective NOD2 peptidoglycan sensing promotes diet‐induced inflammation, dysbiosis, and insulin resistance
Authors: Denou Emmanuel , Lolmède Karine , Garidou Lucile , Pomie Celine , Chabo Chantal , Lau Trevor C , Fullerton Morgan D , Nigro Giulia , Zakaroff‐Girard Alexia , Luche Elodie , Garret Céline , Serino Matteo , Amar Jacques , Courtney Michael , Cavallari Joseph F , Henriksbo Brandyn D , Barra Nicole G , Foley Kevin P , McPhee Joseph B , Duggan Brittany M , O'Neill Hayley M , Lee Amanda J , Sansonetti Philippe , Ashkar Ali A , Khan Waliul I , Surette Michael G , Bouloumié Anne , Steinberg Gregory R , Burcelin Rémy , Schertzer Jonathan D 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPattern recognition receptors link metabolite and bacteria‐derived inflammation to insulin resistance during obesity. We demonstrate that NOD2 detection of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (PGN) regulates metabolic inflammation and insulin sensitivity. An obesity‐promoting high‐fat diet (HFD) increased NOD2 in hepatocytes and adipocytes, and NOD2−/− mice have increased adipose tissue and liver inflammation and exacerbated insulin resistance during a HFD. This effect is independent of altered adiposity or NOD2 in hematopoietic‐derived immune cells. Instead, increased metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance in NOD2−/− mice is associated with increased commensal bacterial translocation from the gut into adipose tissue and liver. An intact PGN‐NOD2 sensing system regulated gut mucosal bacterial colonization and a metabolic tissue dysbiosis that is a potential trigger for increased metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance. Gut dysbiosis in HFD‐fed NOD2−/− mice is an independent and transmissible factor that contributes to metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance when transferred to WT, germ‐free mice. These findings warrant scrutiny of bacterial component detection, dysbiosis, and protective immune responses in the links between inflammatory gut and metabolic diseases, including diabetes.
Medical Augmentation of Labor and the Risk of ADHD in Offspring: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Henriksen Lonny , Wu Chun Sen , Secher Niels Jørgen , Obel Carsten , Juhl Mette 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Oxytocin for labor augmentation is widely used in obstetric care in Western countries. Two recent, smaller studies found opposing results regarding the association between prenatal exposure to oxytocin for labor augmentation and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In Denmark, oxytocin is the medication used for nearly all medical augmentations of labor, and we examined the association between medical augmentation of labor and ADHD in a large cohort study based on national register data.

METHODS:
All singletons born after spontaneous onset of labor in Denmark between 2000 and 2008 (N = 546 146) were included in the study. Data from the Danish Medical Birth Registry on medical augmentation of labor (yes/no) were used to identify exposed children. ADHD was defined based on the diagnostic codes of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, for hyperkinetic disorder and information on dispensed ADHD medication. A multivariate proportional hazards regression model was used to test the association.

RESULTS:
Among 546 146 deliveries, 26% included medical augmentation of labor, and 0.9% of the children were identified as having ADHD (n = 4617). We found no association between augmentation of labor and ADHD in the offspring (hazard ratio: 1.05 [95% confidence interval: 0.98–1.13]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study does not support an association between medical augmentation of labor and ADHD in the child.
Diet, Exercise, and Endothelial Function in Obese Adolescents
Authors: Bruyndonckx Luc , Hoymans Vicky Y. , De Guchtenaere Ann , Van Helvoirt Maria , Van Craenenbroeck Emeline M. , Frederix Geert , Lemmens Katrien , Vissers Dirk K. , Vrints Christiaan J. , Ramet José , Conraads Viviane M. 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Endothelial dysfunction is the first, although reversible, sign of atherosclerosis and is present in obese adolescents. The primary end point of this study was to investigate the influence of a multicomponent treatment on microvascular function. Additional objectives and end points were a reduced BMI SD score, improvements in body composition, exercise capacity, and cardiovascular risk factors, an increase in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and a decrease in endothelial microparticles (EMPs).

METHODS:
We used a quasi-randomized study with 2 cohorts of obese adolescents: an intervention group (n = 33; 15.4 ± 1.5 years, 24 girls and 9 boys) treated residentially with supervised diet and exercise and a usual care group (n = 28; 15.1 ± 1.2 years, 22 girls and 6 boys), treated ambulantly. Changes in body mass, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, microvascular endothelial function, and circulating EPCs and EMPs were evaluated after 5 months and at the end of the 10-month program.

RESULTS:
Residential intervention decreased BMI and body fat percentage, whereas it increased exercise capacity (P &lt; .001 after 5 and 10 months). Microvascular endothelial function also improved in the intervention group (P = .04 at 10 months; + 0.59 ± 0.20 compared with + 0.01 ± 0.12 arbitrary units). Furthermore, intervention produced a significant reduction in traditional cardiovascular risk factors, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P = .012 at 10 months). EPCs were increased after 5 months (P = .01), and EMPs decreased after 10 months (P = .004).

CONCLUSIONS:
A treatment regimen consisting of supervised diet and exercise training was effective in improving multiple adolescent obesity-related end points.
Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rutten Juliette M.T.M. , Korterink Judith J. , Venmans Leonie M.A.J. , Benninga Marc A. , Tabbers Merit M. 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Various nonpharmacologic treatments are available for pediatric abdominal pain–related functional gastrointestinal disorders (AP-FGIDs). Data on efficacy and safety are scarce. The goal of this study was to summarize the evidence regarding nonpharmacologic interventions for pediatric AP-FGIDs: lifestyle interventions, dietary interventions, behavioral interventions, prebiotics and probiotics, and alternative medicine.

METHODS:
Searches were conducted of the Medline and Cochrane Library databases. Systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning nonpharmacologic therapies in children (aged 3–18 years) with AP-FGIDs were included, and data were extracted on participants, interventions, and outcomes. The quality of evidence was assessed by using the GRADE approach.

RESULTS:
Twenty-four RCTs were found that included 1390 children. Significant improvement of abdominal pain was reported after hypnotherapy compared with standard care/wait-list approaches and after cognitive behavioral therapy compared with a variety of control treatments/wait-list approaches. Written self-disclosure improved pain frequency at the 6-month follow-up only. Compared with placebo, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and VSL#3 were associated with significantly more treatment responders (LGG relative risk: 1.31 [95% confidence interval: 1.08 to 1.59]; VSL#3: P &lt; .05). Guar gum significantly improved irritable bowel syndrome symptom frequency; however, no effect was found for other fiber supplements (relative risk: 1.17 [95% confidence interval: 0.75 to 1.81]) or a lactose-free diet. Functional disability was not significantly decreased after yoga compared with a wait-list approach. No studies were found concerning lifestyle interventions; gluten-, histamine-, or carbonic acid–free diets; fluid intake; or prebiotics. No serious adverse effects were reported. The quality of evidence was found to be very low to moderate.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although high-quality studies are lacking, some evidence shows efficacy of hypnotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and probiotics (LGG and VSL#3) in pediatric AP-FGIDs. Data on fiber supplements are inconclusive.
Cost Saving and Quality of Care in a Pediatric Accountable Care Organization
Authors: Kelleher Kelly J. , Cooper Jennifer , Deans Katherine , Carr Pam , Brilli Richard J. , Allen Steven , Gardner William 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Accountable care organizations (ACOs) are responsible for costs and quality across a defined population. To succeed, the ACO must improve value by reducing costs while either maintaining or improving the quality of care. We examined changes from 2008 through 2013 in the cost and quality of care for Partners for Kids (PFK), a pediatric ACO serving an Ohio Medicaid population.

METHODS:
We measured the historical cost of care for PFK and gathered comparison statewide Ohio Medicaid fee-for-service (FFS) and managed care (MC) cost histories. Changes in quality of care measures were assessed by using 15 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Pediatric Quality Indicators and 4 indicators targeted by PFK.

RESULTS:
PFK per-member-per-month costs were lower in 2008 than either FFS or MC (P &lt; .001) costs and grew at a rate of $2.40 per year compared with FFS increases of $16.15 per year (P &lt; .001) and MC increases of $6.47 per year (P &lt; .121) with ∼3.5 million member-months each year. The quality of care of children in PFK improved significantly (P &lt; .05) in 2011–2013 versus 2008–2010 on 5 quality measures (including 2 composite measures) and declined significantly on 3 measures. Other measures did not change or were rare events with no measureable change.

CONCLUSIONS:
PFK reduced the growth in costs compared with FFS Medicaid and averages less than MC Medicaid. This slowing in cost growth was achieved without diminishing the overall quality or outcomes of care. PFK thus improved the value of care for Medicaid children.
Facile Growth of Functional Perovskite Oxide Nanowire Arrays by Hybrid Physical-Chemical Techniques
Authors: Kons Corisa , Datta Anuja 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA generalized route encompassing a facile hybrid physical/chemical approach is reported for fabricating size and shape selective nanowires of technologically important ferroelectric perovskite oxides (Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(PZT) and Pb-free ZnSnO3) on industrially feasible large-area substrates. The approaches involve depositing nano-seed layers (50 - 100 nm in thickness) of the desired materials (Ti for PZT and ZnO for ZnSnO3) by pulsed laser deposition and RF sputtering techniques followed by oriented growth of nanowire arrays of these materials by solvothermal processes by varying solvent compositions and ratios. Similar crystal symmetry between the seed-layers facilitated the growth of well-aligned nanowire arrays of the targeted materials homogeneously on the substrates with a high packing density. Measurements of the electronic (field-emission), and ferroelectric properties of the materials are performed and discussed in terms of understanding their potential for future technological applications. The facile, low-cost method for fabricating high quality nanowires may expand the outreach of probes for understanding the structure-property relations in other perovskite materials.
French or Foreign? The Algerian Migrants’ Status at the End of Empire (1962–1968)
Authors: Lyons Amelia H. 
Published: February 2015

French or Foreign? The Ambiguities of Algerian Migrants’ Status and Rights at the End of Empire (1962–1968) While the idea of clandestine immigration generally conjures images of recent immigrants and popular xenophobic reactions to recession and soaring unemployment, the case of Algerians in the 1960s suggests otherwise. Rather than focusing on irregular migration since the trente glorieuses went bust, this essay analyses the complex place of Algerians in the metropole immediately following the Algerian War (1954–1962). It argues, through a study of shifting policies and practices, that the process of decolonisation effectively limited Algerians’ legal, social and cultural membership in the nation. By examining several concrete ways France navigated the transition from the colonial to post-colonial era, this essay illustrates how a racialised category of citizens, known as français musulmans d'Algérie (FMA) before 1962, became a category of foreigners unlike any other.
Recent Historiography of the First World War
Authors: Kramer Alan 
Published: February 2015

Recent Historiography of the First World War Locating recent international historiography on the First World War within the long-term context, this article discusses above all the internationalisation of the topic and the trend towards transnational history. It asks why the war is almost entirely unknown in the history and memory of some states, while it has powerful symbolic value in others. Was the war a kind of «laboratory» for later radicalised practices, or was there even a continuity of total war from the First to the Second World War? Is the debate in historiography between «coercion» and «consent» now resolved? How we should understand the «culture of war» – as the product of totalising tendencies driven by ever more militarised states, or of a process of popular self-mobilisation from below? Is the cultural history of war now the new orthodoxy?
Periodontal Regeneration — Intrabony Defects: Practical Applications From the AAP Regeneration Workshop
Authors: Reynolds Mark A. , Kao Richard T. , Nares Salvador , Camargo Paulo M. , Caton Jack G. , Clem Donald S. , Fiorellini Joseph P. , Geisinger Maria L. , Mills Michael P. , Nevins Marc L. , Rosen Paul S. 
Published: February 2015

Focused Clinical Question: What are important considerations for selecting a predictable regenerative surgical approach for intrabony defects?Summary: The predictable regeneration of intrabony defects remains an important goal in the management of periodontitis. Clinical and histologic evidence of periodontal regeneration has been shown for multiple regenerative therapies, including bone replacement grafts, guided tissue regeneration, and biologics, when used alone or in combination. Regenerative therapies improve periodontal health, as evidenced by gains in clinical attachment level, reductions in probing depth, and gains in radiographic bone fill. Important patient‐related factors (e.g., smoking) and defect/site‐related factors (e.g., defect morphology and gingival biotype) can influence the potential to achieve periodontal regeneration. The regeneration of intrabony defects generally becomes more challenging with increasing loss of height, proximity, and number of bony walls. Therefore, combination therapies may be necessary to achieve predictable regeneration. Clinical improvements after regenerative therapy can be maintained over extended periods (≥10 years) with professional maintenance at appropriate intervals and adequate home care.Conclusions: Periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects is possible using a variety of regenerative strategies. Management should be coupled with an effective oral hygiene and supportive periodontal maintenance program for long‐term success.
Calibration of Rebound Hardness Numbers to Unconfined Compressive Strength in Shale Formations
Authors: Lee Ji Soo 
Published: February 2015

Young Technology Showcase
Today, unconventional-reservoir characterization is actively studied; however, rock-mechanics tests are still restricted to intact rocks. Intact intervals are necessary to acquire plug specimens (Fig. 1a). Anisotropy caused by the presence of various discontinuities affects rock-mechanical properties significantly. Shale formations consist largely of laminations, pre-existing microcracks, and fractures along bedding planes (Fig. 1b), and they inhibit sample preparation with the standard geometry (1:2 ratio of diameter/length).
The primary purpose of this study is to develop a method that overcomes the restrictions of rock-mechanics tests with respect to unconventional shale formations. This study applies an Equotip Hardness Tester (EHT) and uses its rebound hardness numbers (RHNs) to estimate unconfined compressive strength (UCS) with the recovered cores from shale formations.
The application enhances laboratory-testing results to calibrate petrophysical models that show higher dynamic rock strength generated by acoustic logging or ultrasonic-wave-velocity measurement. It can also support fracture designs by providing a continuous strength- contrast profile to identify where fracturable zones and fracture barriers exist.
RHNs
The EHT was originally developed by Dietmar Leeb (1978) to measure the hardness of metallic materials. Recently, its use has been extended to various intact rocks to estimate their UCS values (Meulenkamp 1997; Meulenkamp and Grima 1999; Papsworth 2014; Verwall and Mulder 2000). The EHT is a small, portable, electronic, battery- operated, spring-loaded device. A spherical tungsten carbide tip impacts the metal or rock surface driven by a constant spring force, then rebounds. The impact and rebound velocities of the tip are measured and converted into RHNs (Proceq 2014). Fig. 2 presents a schematic of the impact device.
Techbits: Learnings From the SEG/SPE/ARMA Injection-Induced Seismicity Workshop
Authors: Maxwell Shawn 
Published: February 2015

Techbits
In September, a technical workshop was held on the topic of injection-induced seismicity in Banff, Canada. It brought together industry and technical experts to discuss the increasingly important topic of induced seismicity associated with various injections during oil and gas activities.
The event was cosponsored by the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), and the American Rock Mechanics Association (ARMA), serving as a followup to a previous meeting on the topic held in Broomfield, Colorado, in 2012.
More than 120 professionals participated, with the majority traveling from the United States (60%) and Canada (30%), and some from Europe (10%) and one each from Japan and Colombia. The attendees represented oil and gas companies (34%), academia (25%), service companies (25%), and government organizations including national laboratories, geological surveys, and regulatory bodies. Similar to the workshop in Broomfield, the majority of the participants were geophysicists (both industry geophysicists and earthquake seismologists) with engineers and geomechanicists making up the rest of the group.
Nearly 50 technical presentations made up the program that covered case studies, various techniques to model the phenomena, seismic hazard and risk, and industry protocols to mitigate the problem. The workshop was organized through a committee consisting of Dave Eaton, University of Calgary; Hal Maccartney, Pioneer Resources; Julie Shemeta, MEQ Geo; Mike Fehler, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Norm Warpinski, Pinnacle/Halliburton; Pat McLellan, Talisman Energy; Rod Gertson, Devon Energy; and was chaired by Shawn Maxwell, IMaGE.
It was interesting to compare and contrast the two workshops to see how experience, understanding, and attitudes have changed during the period. The Broomfield meeting was held at a time when concerns about injection-induced seismicity were just beginning and the meeting was primarily intended to educate the industry about the issue. As described in a Broomfield workshop report published in SEG’s The Leading Edge and SPE’s Journal of Petroleum Technology, key facts were established.
When Does Seismicity Occur?
For example, only a small proportion of injection wells have induced seismicity, including geothermal, waste injection, and hydraulic fracturing operations. The seismicity occurs when preferentially oriented faults close to the point of slipping in the geologic stress field have stress and/or pressure changes that cause the fault to slip. Seismicity also can occur after the injection has ceased and may occur at some distance from the actual injection point, which can lead to uncertainty identifying injection as a causal factor.
Working Outside the Lines
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: February 2015

SPE Technical Directors' 2015 Outlook - David Curry, Olivier Houze, Shauna Noonan, Howard Duhon, Trey Shaffer, J.C. Cunha, Dan Hill
SPE’s technical directors are focused on problems that require working outside the bounds of their discipline. Stubbornly low recovery rates from unconventional reservoirs led to a collaboration between the directors in drilling and reservoir engineering because cooperation is required to understand opportunities, find solutions, and apply what has been learned.
Fiber-optic cable’s potential to improve shale well performance led the production director to look for ways to increase the number of applications offering multiple benefits, which touches on a wide range of concerns over the life of a well.
Rapidly escalating project costs led the projects, facilities, and construction director to look outside the profession for ways to measure and manage project complexity. The goal is to recognize the time and money needed to integrate complex systems, and look for ways to manage those issues.
Overruns are also often linked to social concerns that never appear on a project’s list of technical risks. The director for health, safety, security, environment, and social responsibility wants the industry to think more about the broader impact of its projects, which can lead to opposition from affected communities.
Reaching all the above goals will depend on technically skilled people who see the big picture, which is why the director for management and information is emphasizing the need for engineers to broaden their perspective to better understand the business side of the equation, and profit from ever-more data and new approaches.
A seventh perspective has been added to the discussion: a director representing academia. The first person to hold the job, Dan Hill, the head of the department of engineering at Texas A&M University, has set out to understand the needs of universities globally.
The fact that directors representing reservoir interpretation and drilling and completions are collaborating on ways to improve recoveries from unconventional reservoirs says something about what is required to do that. David Curry, the Director for Drilling and Completions, and Olivier Houzé, the Director for Reservoir Description and Dynamics, say cooperative effort is essential for this project.