bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of reconstructed population survivorship from transition analysis age estimation
Authors: Simon Allyson M. , Hubbe Mark 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSkeletal age markers are often used to estimate age‐at‐death to reconstruct population survivorship in the past, which is essential to draw conclusions about population health, fertility, and mortality. Transition Analysis age estimation was developed to address common issues facing traditional age estimation methods such as age mimicry and broad ranges for middle and older aged adults. However, some studies have shown Transition Analysis' limitations in overcoming these challenges, with regards to the method's accuracy and bias when applied at the individual‐level. It was previously found that the method performed poorly in a sample from the Hamann‐Todd Osteological Collection due to a series of factors. This study re‐examines the application of Transition Analysis (ADBOU) age estimation in a sample from the Hamann‐Todd Collection for reconstructing the survivorship profile of this skeletal sample. Although Transition Analysis is argued to be better suited for reconstructing trends in population mortality compared to traditional age estimation methods, results of Kaplan–Meier and log rank tests show that Transition Analysis produced significantly different survival curves compared to the known survival curves for White males (χ2 = 6.828, p = 0.009) and females (χ2 = 11.270, p = 0.001), but not for Black males (χ2 = 1.363, p = 0.243) and females (χ2 = 0.071, p = 0.790). Age‐at‐death distributions between the estimated maximum likelihoods and known ages also differed significantly (t = 4.249, p < 0.001). Therefore, caution should be employed when drawing conclusions from trends in survivorship based on skeletal age estimates, even when using more recently developed methods such as Transition Analysis, as the informative priors in ADBOU may not be accurate for all populations.
Site Suitability Analysis of a Municipal Solid Waste Management System in Ranchi City Using AHP: A Multi‐Criteria Decision Approach
Authors: Dwivedi Chandra Shekhar , Kumari Sweta , Pandey Arvind Chandra , Parida Bikash Ranjan , Sikka Gaurav 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIn this modern age of industrialization, waste from houses and factories has a major impact on the environment, and its management has become one of the most difficult tasks for the whole world. This study attempts to locate suitable sites for disposing of solid waste using geospatial techniques in Ranchi, Jharkhand. Moreover, as Ranchi is a part of the smart city project, it is important to find new sites for dumping to control the environmental issue that arises due to the increasing pressure of population growth and the rate of human migration. Site selection of solid waste dumping considers several parameters, such as land use, land cover, road, geomorphology, soil, slope, water bodies, forest, and built‐up. The present study has taken a multicriteria decision approach and used the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to delineate the suitable landfill site for the medium‐sized city of Ranchi. The study adopts the overlay analysis operation for several factors and geospatial techniques to perform site suitability analysis. The result shows four classes of suitable dumping sites, where low or restricted area covers 1145.52 km2 (63.92%), moderately restricted covers 477.74 km2 (26.65%), whereas about 140 km2 (7.81%) of the area can be constructed but with restrictions, and 28.79 km2 (1.60%) of the area is highly recommended for dumping site construction. The site suitability map and the identified four new dumping sites are highly useful to the municipality corporation and decision‐makers to alleviate environmental pollution and human health problems.
Patient Facing Applications
Authors: Sargsyan Karine , Muradyan Armen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn a changing digital healthcare environment, Patient-facing Applications (PFAs) are becoming increasingly important to bridge the gap in healthcare access in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). These digital tools not only allow patients to stay on top of their health information but also enable healthcare professionals to provide patient-centric care regardless of geographic location. PFAs cover a wide range of applications, including telemedicine applications, health information portals, appointment scheduling systems, medication reminders, disease-specific education platforms, and mHealth (mHealth) applications. Much research indicates that PFAs can significantly transform the usability, affordability, availability, and in some cases, even quality of health services in LMICs.
Digital Healthcare: Population-Level Applications
Authors: Cheong Io Hong , Huang Ju-Fang , Lei Si Man , Wang Hui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDigital technologies are now an essential part of daily life, and they have provided many solutions that were not possible before. According to the United Nations, the world population is now three times greater than in the mid-twentieth century. Equally public health demands have increased with different concerns and priorities at different points in time, for example, the use of vaccines to control major life-threatening diseases such smallpox and polio to molecular diagnostics for targeted therapies in cancers. Despite these advances, enabling access to these services remains very challenging. The emergence of digital technologies has made these services more accessible than before but has also introduced new complications to the system such as increasing demands on the operations of the system. In this chapter, we will discuss the latest developments in digital healthcare applications to ease population-wide public health challenges.
Biobank Digitization in Low-Middle Income Countries (LMICs): Current and Future Technological Developments
Authors: Elkhwsky Fayek , Kazem Amani , Arafat Waleed , Diaa Nancy , Nabil Amira , El-Tahan Rasha , Maher Amany , Saied Shimaa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDigitization is currently penetrating all fields of modern sciences and has consequently become a critical aspect of modern biobanking operations, as biobanks constitute part of the foundational research infrastructures. Biobanks that specialize in the long-term storage of biological samples, such as tissues, blood, and DNA, have recently been established in several low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) in the Arab region of the Middle East, such as Egypt, Jordan, and Sudan. The current chapter provides an overview of the challenges for digitization of healthcare, current and future technological developments with specific examples from LMICs. Utilizing the experiences from LMICs, and in particular from Egypt, a set of recommendations is also put forward.
Digital Healthcare: Technologies, Technical and Design Challenges
Authors: Mascarenhas Eduardo , Abboute Anis , Wayne Rachel , Kozlakidis Zisis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe advancement of digital technologies in healthcare is not a new phenomenon, however it was accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic when healthcare needs across all settings forced institutions to consider the inclusion of digital health applications in their routine operations. The need for digital healthcare applications to deliver solutions is greatest in LMICs and will continue to be so in the near future. This chapter presents an overview of the technologies driving the digital transformation of healthcare, including Internet of Things, Blockchain, cloud computing and artificial intelligence (AI). The challenges to the implementation of digital healthcare applications are also presented (infrastructure, human capital and data quality), with a particular focus on the design and evaluation aspects.
Ubiquitous and Powerful Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Authors: Sargsyan Amalya , Hovsepyan Shushan , Muradyan Armen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe chapter delves into the transformative potential of ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence (AI) for revolutionizing healthcare in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It showcases numerous AI-driven benefits, such as enhanced diagnostics, tailored treatment plans, streamlined drug discovery, and overall healthcare improvement in resource-constrained settings. The discussion acknowledges the challenges and limitations of implementing AI in LMICs, including high costs, a dearth of skilled professionals, and data-related hurdles. It proposes viable solutions, such as public-private partnerships, external funding, open-source software, international collaborations, and infrastructure investments. With a focus on ethical considerations, the text underscores the significance of patient data privacy, addressing algorithmic biases and promoting global collaboration to ensure equitable access to AI-powered healthcare solutions. Inspiring real-world examples from Rwanda, Armenia, Pakistan, and India illustrate the profound impact of AI in LMIC healthcare settings. The vision of ubiquitous AI presents a unique opportunity to bridge the healthcare divide between LMICs and high-income countries, enabling proactive and preventive care while tackling global health challenges. This captivating discussion encourages readers to further explore the responsible and ethical utilization of AI’s transformative power in healthcare.
Recommendations for Digitization of Healthcare in LMICs: A Wider Outlook
Authors: Kozlakidis Zisis , Clum Mat , Sargsyan Karine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe last two decades have witnessed an explosion of technological developments, such as cloud computing, imaging, mobile-based consultations and others. These developments in turn have brought forward a series of very promising applications for healthcare, which have enjoyed varying degrees of adoption and diffusion within low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). The major themes that emerged within this book as critical in the success (or not) of digitisation of healthcare in LMICs are the data infrastructure, the regulatory frameworks and the education/digital literacy. Additionally, the way forward regarding digitisation in healthcare is going to follow a distinctly different route to the one experienced in high-income countries, specifically it is anticipated to be: context-driven, information asymmetric, culturally sensitive and locally autonomous.
Health Inequalities and Availability: Needs and Applications
Authors: Charalambidou Georgia , Antoniou Stella , Papagregoriou Gregory , Kyratzi Maria , Malatras Apostolos , Stefanou Charalambos , Voutounou Mariel , Deltas Constantinos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe limited access to high quality healthcare in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) creates disparities and challenges. In such nations, health outcomes are inevitably influenced by the scarce geographic distribution of health providers and the often unbearable cost of quality services. Regardless of improvements in global life expectancy and mortality rates due to scientific and medical breakthroughs in the modern world, LMICs do not experience similar progress. To bridge the healthcare gap, a coordinated global effort to transfer medical knowledge to developing countries through the digitalization of medicine, in the form of adopting and implementing electronic health records (EHRs) or telemedicine is imperative. This chapter initially explores how the concepts of healthcare inequality and inequity are exerted and provides examples of how medical digitalization is implemented in LMICs. International and national responses to health inequalities that are impacting digitalization efforts and the role of human rights towards achieving the effective and widespread provision of high-quality healthcare services are also addressed.
Long-Term Digital Storage and Usage of Research Data: Data Pooling
Authors: Gramatiuk Svetlana , Sargsyan Karine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the quickly evolving field of scientific research, securing, utilizing, and maintaining access to large datasets over extended periods is very important. This chapter examines the challenges connected to the long-term digital storage and use of research data, focusing on data pooling. Because of the increasing amount and complexity of data generated in biomedical research, finding a storage solution that is scalable and sustainable is significant. Creating robust data governance frameworks, addressing data security and privacy issues, and defining the roles of data stewards in biomedical research programs are critical steps. Based on the principles of the Open Science, this chapter supports a structured approach to ensure the authenticity, accuracy, and reliability of biomedical data for long-term access. In addition, integrating biomedical datasets offers new opportunities for collaborative analysis and promotes synergies between translational, and clinical research. This chapater emphasizes the importance of strategic decisions concerning data retention policies that require collaboration with funding agencies, research communities, and established repositories for the long-term development of scientific knowledge.
Haftungsersetzende und haftungsergänzende Versicherungs- und Fondslösungen für Behandlungsschäden
Authors: Makowsky Mark 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Arzthaftung ersetzende oder zumindest ergänzende Entschädigungssysteme für Patienten, die infolge einer (fehlerhaften) medizinischen Behandlung einen Gesundheitsschaden erlitten haben, werden in Deutschland bereits seit vielen Jahren kontrovers diskutiert. Die Befürworter einer Versicherungs- oder Fondslösung berufen sich vor allem darauf, dass das zivile Haftungsrecht in Fällen ärztlicher Behandlungsfehler einen nur unzureichenden Schutz biete. So scheitere die effektive Durchsetzung von Schadensersatzansprüchen nicht selten an den hohen tatsächlichen und rechtlichen Hürden, insbesondere an der charakteristischen Beweisnot des Patienten. Ein weiterer Vorteil einer Patientenversicherung bzw. eines Entschädigungsfonds wird darin gesehen, dass dieser auch dann leisten könnte, wenn es überhaupt an einem ärztlichen Behandlungsfehler bzw. Verschulden fehlt, etwa in Fällen seltener oder bislang unbekannter, jedoch schwerwiegender Komplikationen.Den im Laufe des Gesetzgebungsverfahrens zum Patientenrechtegesetz erhobenen Forderungen nach einem Entschädigungs- bzw. Härtefallfonds – zumeist nach österreichischem Vorbild – hatte die damals amtierende Bundesregierung allerdings noch eine ausdrückliche Absage erteilt: Ein solcher Fonds widerspreche zum einen dem deutschen Haftungs- und Schadensersatzrecht, welches die individuelle Haftung und Verantwortlichkeit des Schädigers vorsehe und dadurch einen wirksamen Anreiz zur Fehlervermeidung setze; diese Präventivwirkung ginge mit einem Entschädigungsfonds überwiegend verloren [zu diesem Aspekt näher IV. 2.]. Zum anderen sei auch die Frage der Finanzierung völlig ungeklärt; eine Beitragserhebung bei den Patienten wie nach dem österreichischen Modell erschien der damaligen Bundesregierung offenbar nicht als sachgerecht. Demgegenüber sieht der im Jahr 2021 geschlossene Koalitionsvertrag der “Ampelparteien” nunmehr – neben einer Stärkung der Patientenstellung “im bestehenden Haftungssystem” – die Einführung eines “Härtefallfonds mit gedeckelten Ansprüchen” vor. Was darunter genau zu verstehen ist, welchen Anwendungsbereich ein solcher Fonds hätte, unter welchen Voraussetzungen und in welchem Umfang dieser leisten würde, ist weitgehend unklar. Ein Gesetzesentwurf soll nach aktuellen Informationen des Bundesgesundheitsministers voraussichtlich noch zur Jahreshälfte 2024 vorgelegt werden. Ungeachtet dieser Unsicherheiten gibt der geplante Härtefallfonds jedenfalls Anlass, die bislang diskutierten Vorschläge haftungsersetzender oder -ergänzender Entschädigungssysteme für Behandlungsschäden einer rechtlichen bzw. rechtspolitischen Würdigung zu unterziehen.
Sanktionen des Sozialrechts – Zündstoff im Medizinwirtschaftsstrafrecht? Die nächste Karriere des Abrechnungsbetruges
Authors: Gaede Karsten 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Abrechnungsbetrug im Gesundheitswesen wurde oft besprochen; auch ich selbst trage dazu nicht erstmals vor. Das Thema bleibt aber brandaktuell. Der Beitrag soll im Vergleich weniger beleuchtete Aspekte des Betruges aufgreifen, die zunehmend eine größere Bedeutung erlangen. Vor allem soll er das Sozialrecht in den Debattenfokus rücken.In einem ersten Schritt nehme ich den aktuellen forensischen Stand des Medizinwirtschaftsstrafrechts auf (I.). Zweitens schildere ich den Status quo der Verfolgung des Abrechnungsbetruges (II.). Drittens hinterfrage ich die Auslegung des Sozialrechts, das in das Strafrecht einfließt (III.). In meinem vierten Schritt trage ich strafrechtsdogmatische Kritik an der Position der Strafgerichte vor (IV.). Ein Fazit in Thesen beschließt die Ausführungen.
Exploring African skills 4.0 required for 4IR industry: a systematic literature review
Authors: Idrissi Gartoumi Khalil , Koumetio Tekouabou Stéphane Cédric 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0), the adequacy of training models for industrial needs is being challenged. Africa is a skills hub, threatened by unemployment among young people, especially graduates, competition, and the sustainability of industrial fabrics. By carrying out a systematic literature review, this article aims to highlight the aspects and outcomes of the educational revolution that must accompany IR 4.0. The results show that IR 4.0 offers new careers, and that training is a key barrier to the successful digital transformation of the industry. University 4.0 is the conversion needed to overcome this barrier. This article explains this new academic model generating skills, which refers to the ability to perform activities effectively with high technical, digital, and flexible management capacities. Faced with the low adoption of IR 4.0, and the lack of a systematic literature review, this article offers a significant platform for the research community, both academic and industrial.
Designing data collaboratives’ governance dimensions for long-term stability: an empirical analysis
Authors: Bartolomucci Federico , Bartalucci Simone 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The momentum surrounding the use of data for the public good has grown over the past few years, resulting in several initiatives, and rising interest from public bodies, intergovernmental organizations, and private organizations. The potential benefits of data collaboratives (DCs) have been proved in several contexts, including health, migration, pandemics, and public transport. However, these cross-sectoral partnerships have frequently not progressed beyond the pilot level, a condition hindering their ability to generate long-term societal benefits and scale their impact. Governance models play an important role in ensuring DCs’ stability over time; however, existing models do not address this issue. Our research investigates DCs’ governance settings to determine governance dimensions’ design settings enhancing DCs’ long-term stability. The research identifies through the literature on collaborative governance and DCs seven key governance dimensions for the long-term stability of DCs. Then, through the analysis of 16 heterogeneous case studies, it outlines the optimal design configurations for each dimension. Findings make a significant contribution to academic discourse by shedding light on the governance aspects that bolster the long-term stability of DCs. Additionally, this research offers practical insights and evidence-based guidelines for practitioners, aiding in the creation and maintenance of enduring DCs.
Africa's Climate Response to Marine Cloud Brightening Strategies Is Highly Sensitive to Deployment Region
Authors: Odoulami Romaric C. , Hirasawa Haruki , Kouadio Kouakou , Patel Trisha D. , Quagraine Kwesi A. , Pinto Izidine , Egbebiyi Temitope S. , Abiodun Babatunde J. , Lennard Christopher , New Mark G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSolar climate intervention refers to a group of methods for reducing climate risks associated with anthropogenic warming by reflecting sunlight. Marine cloud brightening (MCB), one such approach, proposes to inject sea‐salt aerosol into one or more regional marine boundary layer to increase marine cloud reflectivity. Here, we assess the potential influence of various MCB experiments on Africa's climate using simulations from the Community Earth System Model (CESM2) with the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM6) as its atmospheric component. We analyzed four idealized MCB experiments under a medium‐range background forcing scenario (SSP2‐4.5), which brighten clouds over three subtropical ocean regions: (a) Northeast Pacific (MCBNEP); (b) Southeast Pacific (MCBSEP); (c) Southeast Atlantic (MCBSEA); and (d) these three regions simultaneously (MCBALL). Our results suggest that the climate impacts of MCB in Africa are highly sensitive to the deployment region. MCBSEP would produce the strongest global cooling effect and thus could be the most effective in decreasing temperatures, increasing precipitation, and reducing the intensity and frequency of temperature and precipitation extremes across most parts of Africa, especially West Africa, in the future (2035–2054) compared to the historical climate (1995–2014). MCB in other regions produces less cooling and wetting despite similar radiative forcings. While the projected changes under MCBALL are similar to those of MCBSEP, MCBNEP and MCBSEA could see more residual warming and induce a warmer future than under SSP2‐4.5 in some regions across Africa. All MCB experiments are more effective in cooling maximum temperature and related extremes than minimum temperature and related extremes.
Post COVID-19 conditions in an Australian pediatric cohort, 3 months following a Delta outbreak
Authors: Britton Philip N. , Burrell Rebecca , Chapman Emily , Boyle Julia , Alexander Shirley , Belessis Yvonne , Dalby-Payne Jacqueline , Knight Katherine , Lau Christine , McMullan Brendan , Milne Bronwyn , Paull Marilyn , Nguyen Jonathan , Selvadurai Hiran , Dale Russell , Baillie Andrew 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Pediatric long COVID remains incompletely understood with scant Australian data available. We aimed to assess the impacts of the 2021 Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on symptoms and functioning 12 weeks post-acute infection in a cohort of children and adolescents.

Methods
The parents/carers of 11,864 patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 were invited, via email or text message, to complete an online survey assessing symptoms and functional impairment.

Findings
1731 (17.6%) responded to the survey. 203 (11.7%) reported continued symptoms and/or functional impairment which were flagged for clinical review, all others reported recovery. Of the 169 subsequently clinically reviewed, 63 had already recovered (37.3%) and 17 had exacerbation of pre-existing condition(s) (10.1%); 63 (37.3%) were diagnosed with a Post COVID Condition (PCC). Of these, 21 (12.4%) were considered to have features compatible with the United Kingdom consensus cases definition for Long COVID.

Interpretation
During an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 an online questionnaire with subsequent clinical review revealed self-reported non-recovery at 12 weeks in a minority of cases, with a spectrum of features. Long COVID comprised only a subset of cases with self-reported non-recovery, and is infrequent in children and adolescents, but still comprises a likely significant burden that warrants attention.

Impact

Our study provides the only comprehensive estimate of the frequency and spectrum of post-COVID conditions in children from Australia. The high frequency of self-reported recovery, and low frequency of Long COVID compatible illness adds to the literature from other settings. Risk factors for post-COVID conditions in children are identified and include: age >11 year, and previous medical co-morbidity.