bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methylprednisolone Does Not Reduce Persistent Pain after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Turan Alparslan , Belley-Cote Emilie P. , Vincent Jessica , Sessler Daniel I. , Devereaux Philip J. , Yusuf Salim , van Oostveen Rachel , Cordova Gustavo , Yared Jean-Pierre , Yu Hai , Legare Jean-Francois , Royse Alistair , Rochon Antoine , Nasr Vivian , Ayad Sabry , Quantz Mackenzie , Lamy Andre , Whitlock Richard P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAbstract
In 1,043 patients having cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiac surgery, administration of 500 mg dexamethasone during surgery did not alter the incidence of pain at 1 or 6 months after surgery compared with placebo.

Background
Persistent incisional pain is common after cardiac surgery and is believed to be in part related to inflammation and poorly controlled acute pain. Methylprednisolone is a corticosteroid with substantial antiinflammatory and analgesic properties and is thus likely to ameliorate persistent surgical pain. Therefore, the authors tested the primary hypothesis that patients randomized to methylprednisolone have less persistent incisional pain than those given placebo.

Methods
One thousand forty-three patients having cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiac surgery via a median sternotomy were included in this substudy of Steroids in Cardiac Surgery (SIRS) trial. Patients were randomized to 500 mg intraoperative methylprednisolone or placebo. Incisional pain was assessed at 30 days and 6 months after surgery, and the potential risk factors were also evaluated.

Results
Methylprednisolone administration did not reduce pain at 30 days or persistent incisional pain at 6 months, which occurred in 78 of 520 patients (15.7%) in the methylprednisolone group and in 88 of 523 patients (17.8%) in the placebo group. The odds ratio for methylprednisolone was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.79 to 1.09, P = 0.37). Furthermore, there was no difference in worst pain and average pain in the last 24 h, pain interference with daily life, or use of pain medicine at 6 months. Younger age, female sex, and surgical infections were associated with the development of persistent incisional pain.

Conclusions
Intraoperative methylprednisolone administration does not reduce persistent incisional pain at 6 months in patients recovering from cardiac surgery.
A New Species ofTsuga(Pinaceae) based on Lignified Wood from the Late Miocene of Central Yunnan, China, and Its Paleoenvironmental Implications
Authors: Haobo WANG , BONDARENKO Olesia V. , JACQUES Frédéric M. B. , Yuehua WANG , Zhekun ZHOU 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA new species,Tsuga nanfengensissp. nov. (Pinaceae), is described on the basis of lignified fossil wood from the late Miocene of the Xianfeng Basin, central Yunnan, southwestern China. Detailed observation of the fossil wood specimens show the following characteristics: distinct growth rings, absence of resin canals, uniseriate bordered pits in the radial wall of tracheids, ray tracheids and piceoid and cupressoid cross‐field pits. These features indicate similarities to the wood of extantTsuga canadensis, T. chinensis, andT. dumosa. According to the fossil record,Tsugawas present in Xundian County during the Miocene. TodayTsugais drought intolerant, preferring wet conditions with no extant species growing naturally in Xundian County. The presence ofTsugain the Miocene of Xundian County indicates a humid climate consistent with previous palaeoclimatic reconstructions showing a wetter and probably shorter dry season in the Miocene, relative to the present day. Therefore, the change in the local climate such as increasing aridity through the Miocene might explain the local extinction ofTsugafrom central Yunnan.
Buxus Leaves from the Oligocene of Guangxi, China and Their Biogeographical Significance
Authors: Fujun MA , Qiujun WANG , Junling DONG , Yi YANG , Wenjia WANG , Defei YAN , Bainian SUN 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe present paper reports two new species of Buxus from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Guangxi, South China, on the basis of several compressed fossil leaves. Buxus ningmingensis sp. nov. is characterized by an elliptic to ovate shape; pinnate venation with marginal secondary, long hairs on the adaxial side of the midvein base; and amphistomatic, anomocytic stomata with a prominent outer ring. All of these characteristics suggest a closest affinity to the living Buxus microphylla subsp. sinica. Another new species identified as Buxus preaustro‐yunnanensis sp. nov. is characterized by the diagnostic formation of its admedially branched tertiaries, the trunks of which are often strongly thickened by sclereides. This species is most similar to the extant Buxus austroyunnanensis. The co‐occurrence of Buxus ningmingensis sp. nov. and Buxus preaustro‐yunnanensis sp. nov. suggests that these two Buxus lived during the Oligocene under a warm, tropical to subtropical climate, similar to the current climate of Ningming. Our findings provide the earliest fossil evidence of Buxus leaves with detailed illustrations of leaf architectural and cuticular features. The occurrence of these two species indicates that Buxus began to diversify in Guangxi no later than the Oligocene.
New Species of Cimbrophlebiidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Northeastern China
Authors: Xiao ZHANG , Chungkun SHIH , Yunyun ZHAO , Dong REN 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFour new species of three genera in the family Cimbrophlebiidae, Telobittacus decorus sp. nov., Bellicimbrophlebia heteroneura sp. nov., Cimbrophlebia amoena sp. nov., and Cimbrophlebia gracilenta sp. nov., are described and illustrated based on eleven well‐preserved fossil specimens. These specimens were collected from the latest Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. This is the first record of the genus Cimbrophlebia in the Jurassic extending its age from the Lower Cretaceous to the Middle Jurassic. Due to same venational characters, we propose that an undescribed fossil specimen of Cimbrophlebiidae from the Jurassic of Germany is attributed to C. gracilenta sp. nov. Our new findings demonstrate an evolutionary trend of venational change from 185 to 50 Ma that the level of the bifurcation of Rs is gradually moving toward the base of wing in reference to the bifurcation of M.
Geochronology and Tectonic Evolution of the West Section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt
Authors: Heng ZHANG , Tingdong LI , Ying XIE , Chuanheng ZHANG , Linzhi GAO , Shufang GENG , Tingyu CHEN , Guoqing YOU 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAs an important part of South China Old Land, the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt plays a significant role in explaining the assembly and the evolution of the Upper Yangtze Block and Cathaysia, as well as the structure and growth mechanism of continental lithosphere in South China. The Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups are the base strata of the west section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt. Thus, the research of geochronology and tectonic evolution of the Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups is significant. The maximum sedimentary age of the Lengjiaxi Group is ca. 862 Ma, and the minimum is ca. 822 Ma. The Zhangjiawan Formation, which is situated in the upper part of the Banxi Group is ca. 802 Ma. The Lengjiaxi Group and equivalent strata should thus belong to the Neoproterozoic in age. The Jiangnan Orogenic Belt consisting of the Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups as important constituents is not a Greenville Orogen Belt (1.3 Ga–1.0 Ga). The Jiangnan Orogenic Belt is a recyclic orogenic belt, and the prototype basin is a foreland basin with materials derived from the southwest and the sediments belong to the active continental sedimentation. By combining large amounts of dating data of the Lengjiaxi and the Banxi groups as well as equivalent strata, the evolutionary model of the western section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt is established as follows: Before 862 Ma, the South China Ocean was subducted beneath the Upper Yangtze Block, while a continental island arc was formed on the side near the Upper Yangtze Block. The South China Ocean was not closed in this period. From 862 Ma to 822 Ma, the Upper Yangtze Block was collided with Cathaysia; and sediments began to be deposited in the foreland basin between the two blocks. The Lengjiaxi Group and equivalent strata were thus formed and the materials might be derived from the recyclic orogenic belt. From 822 Ma to 802 Ma, Cathaysia continued pushing to the Upper Yangtze Block, experienced the Jinning‐Sibao Movement (Wuling Movement); as result, the folded basement of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt was formed. After 802 Ma, Cathaysia and the Upper Yangtze Block were separated from each other, the Nanhua rift basin was formed and began to receive the sediments of the Banxi Group and equivalent strata. These large amounts of dating data and research results also indicate that before the collision of the Upper Yangtze Block with Cathaysia, materials of the continental crust became less and less from the southwest to the east in the Jiangnan Orogeneic Belt; only island arc and neomagmatic arc were developed in the eastern section. Ocean‐continent subduction or continent‐continent subduction took place in the western and southern sections, while intra‐oceanic subduction occurred in the eastern section. Comprehensive analyses on U‐Pb ages and Hf model ages of zircons, the main provenance of the Lengjiaxi Group is Cathaysia.
Late Quaternary Large Earthquakes on the Western Branch of the Xiaojiang Fault and Their Tectonic Implications
Authors: Xi LI , Yongkang RAN , Lichun CHEN , Fuyao WU , Xinquan MA , Jun CAO 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Xiaojiang fault is a major active left‐lateral fault along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The largest historical earthquake in Yunnan Province, with a magnitude 8 and a mean coseismic left‐lateral displacement of ∼ 6.9 m, occurred on the western branch of the Xiaojiang fault Studying this fault is important in understanding current deformation and kinematic characteristics of the Tibetan Plateau. Activities and stretches have been well undertaken on the Xiaojiang fault, while paleoseismic research work is always the weak link on this fault. To investigate the paleoseismic history and large earthquake activity of the Xiaojiang fault, we opened a large trench at the northern edge of Caohaizi sag pond on the western branch of the Xiaojiang fault. Six paleoseismic events have been identified, and named E1 through E6 from the oldest to the youngest Charcoal and woods are abundant 20 samples were dated to constrain the ages of the paleoseismic events at 40 000–36 300 BC, 35 400–24 800 BC, 9 500 BC–AD 500, AD 390–720, AD 1120–1620 and AD 1750–present We associate the youngest event E6 with the 1833 M8 earthquake. Events E4, E5 and E6 show a continuous record of the western strand of the Xiaojiang fault in the late Holocene, with a average recurrence interval of 370–480 yr. Large earthquake recurrence in the late Holocene is far less than the recurrence of 2000–4000 yr posed in previous studies. Thus, the seismic hazard on the Xiaojiang fault should be reevaluated. Furthermore, the irregular recurrence of large earthquakes on the Xiaojiang fault and other faults in the Xianshuihe‐Xiaojiang system, indicates the uneven southeastward extrusion of the Sichuan‐Yunnan block along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.
The Discovery of Natural Native Uranium and Its Significance
Authors: Ziying LI , Zhizhang HUANG , Xiuzhen LI , Jian GUO , Chou FAN 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study analyzed the composition and uranium valence of pitchblendes sampled from the hydrothermal Guidong and Zhuguang uranium deposits of the middle Nanling metallogenic belt, Southern China using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A revolutionary discovery is that the uranium not only exists in the forms of tetravalent and hexavalent uranium oxides, but also occurs in the form of native uranium. This is the first discovery of the existence of native uranium in nature. It greatly helps to reveal the origin of hydrothermal mineralization of uranium, and also has great significance for studying the thermal energy, formation and evolution of the earth.
In Situ Analyses of Trace Elements, U–Pb and Lu–Hf Isotopes in Zircons from the Tongshankou Granodiorite Porphyry in Southeast Hubei Province, Middle‐Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, China
Authors: Jinlong XIA , Guicheng HUANG , Lixue DING , Shunbo CHENG 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Tongshankou Cu‐Mo deposit, located in southeast Hubei province, is a typical skarn–porphyry type ore deposit closely related to the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry, characterized by a high Sr/Y ratio. Detailed in situ analyses of the trace elements and U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopes in zircons from the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry were performed. Scarcely any inherited zircons were observed, and the analyzed zircons yielded highly concordant results with a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 143.5 ± 0.45 Ma (n=20, mean square weighted deviation was 0.75), which was interpreted to represent the crystallization age of the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry. The chondrite‐normalized rare‐earth element pattern was characterized by a slope that steeply rises from the light‐group rare‐earth elements (LREE) to the heavy‐group rare‐earth elements (HREE) with a positive Ce‐anomaly and inconspicuous Eu‐anomaly, which was coincident with the pattern of the zircons from the Chuquicamata West porphyry, Chile. The analyzed zircons also had relatively low 176Hf/177Hf ratios of 0.282526–0.282604. Assuming t=143 Ma, the corresponding calculated initial Hf isotope compositions (εHf(t)) ranged from −5.6 to −2.9. The results of the in situ analysis of trace elements and U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopes in zircons from the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry suggest that a deep‐seated process involving a thickened‐crust/enriched‐mantle interaction may play an important role in the generation of high Sr/Y‐ratio magma and potentially in the generation of porphyry Cu‐Mo systems.
Age and Origin of Paleogene Granitoids from Western Yunnan Province, China: Geochemistry, SHRIMP Zircon Ages, and Hf‐in‐Zircon Isotopic Compositions
Authors: Yuruo SHI , Zhonghai WU , KRÖNER Alfred , Taoyuan FAN , Zhenyu YANG 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe report geochemical data, SHRIMP zircon ages and Hf‐in‐zircon isotopic compositions for Cenozoic granitoids from major fault systems in the Tethyan belt in western Yunnan Province, southwestern China. Four magmatic pulses occurred in the Paleogene, namely at ca. 57 Ma, ca. 50 Ma, 45–40 Ma, and 38–34 Ma. Early magmatism of this episode (57–50 Ma) produced S‐type granites whose zircons yielded εHf(t) values of −5.0 to −0.3. In contrast, late magmatism of this episode reflects heterogeneous sources. Zircons from a granite porphyry along the Ailaoshan‐Red River fault system have slightly positive εHf(t) values suggesting derivation from relatively young crust and/or a juvenile source. However, zircons from a granite along the Gaoligong fault system have strongly negative εHf(t) values and suggest derivation from a Paleoproterozoic crustal source. The composition of the granitoids varies with age (from ca. 57 Ma to ca. 34 Ma) from peraluminous to metaluminous and also suggests a change from syn‐collisional to late‐orogenic tectonic setting. A new tectonic model, impacting lithospheric wedge (ILW) is shown for the origin of Paleogene granitoids in this paper.
Distribution and Geochemical Characteristics of Hydrogen in Natural Gas from the Jiyang Depression, Eastern China
Authors: Qingqiang MENG , Yuhua SUN , Jianyu TONG , Qi FU , Jun ZHU , Dongya ZHU , Zhijun JIN 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHydrogen gas accelerates hydrocarbon generation, but little is known about its distribution and origin in petroliferous basins, which has hindered the further exploration. Taken the Jiyang Depression in eastern China as an example, this study collected natural gas from different tectonic units, and analyzed various geochemical characters including gas contents, and carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition. The result shows that: (1) hydrogen gas is widespread distributed, but its content is very low, which typically ranges from 0.01% to 0.1% in this region; (2) the ratios of H2/3He, indicative of the origins of hydrogen gas, suggest that mantle‐derived hydrogen is dominant. Even in tectonically stable areas absent with deep fluid activities, there is also mantle‐derived; (3) the isotopic composition of hydrogen falls in the range of −798‰ to −628‰ (relative to VSMOW standard). In areas with deep‐derived fluids, the hydrogen gas has a similar isotopic composition with the previously documented deep‐sourced gas, with lighter isotopic composition. In contrast, hydrogen gas has a heavier isotopic composition in relatively stable areas. The isotopic signatures suggest that there is a mixture of mantle‐ and crust‐derived hydrogen gas in the relatively stable area, which is consistent with the H2/3He ratios. Therefore, it is clear that the hydrogen gas has a much wider distribution than found in the deep‐derived fluid area, resulting in a much broader area with hydrogenating effect for resource rock. This understanding will provide new insights for hydrocarbon generation research and resource assessment in petroliferous basins.
Structural Evolution and Hydrocarbon Potential of the Upper Paleozoic Northern Ordos Basin, North China
Authors: Minghui YANG , Liang LI , Jin ZHOU , Huichong JIA , Xiao SUN , Ting GONG , Chao DING 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe hydrocarbon potential of the Hangjinqi area in the northern Ordos Basin is not well known, compared to the other areas of the basin, despite its substantial petroleum system. Restoration of a depth‐converted seismic profile across the Hangjinqi Fault Zone (HFZ) in the eastern Hangjinqi area shows one compression that created anticlinal structures in the Late Triassic, and two extensions in ∼Middle Jurassic and Late Early Cretaceous, which were interrupted by inversions in the Late Jurassic–Early Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous, respectively. Hydrocarbon generation at the well locations in the Central Ordos Basin (COB) began in the Late Triassic. Basin modeling of Well Zhao‐4 suggests that hydrocarbon generation from the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian coal measures of the northern Shanbei Slope peaked in the Early Cretaceous, predating the inversion in the Late Cretaceous. Most source rocks in the Shanbei Slope passed the main gas‐migration phase except for the Hangjinqi area source rocks (Well Jin‐48). Hydrocarbons generated from the COB are likely to have migrated northward toward the anticlinal structures and traps along the HFZ because the basin‐fill strata are dipping south. Faulting that continued during the extensional phase (Late Early Cretaceous) of the Hangjinqi area probably acted as conduits for the migration of hydrocarbons. Thus, the anticlinal structures and associated traps to the north of the HFZ might have trapped hydrocarbons that were charged from the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian coal measures in the COB since the Middle Jurassic.
Revision of the Genus Conophyllia d'Orbigny 1849 (Anthozoa, Scleractinia, Triassic) and Conophyllia from the Renacuo area of Gêrzê, Tibet
Authors: Jingfang BO , Xunlian WANG , Jinhan GAO , Genhou WANG , Shenglong LUO 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThere have been divergent opinions on whether Conophyllia develops synapticulae and dissepiments since its erection in 1849, with different views existing on the morphology of columella in Conophyllia. This paper presents a comprehensive review of Conophyllia, and revises the diagnosis according to new material from the Renacuo area of Gêrzê, Tibet. The revised diagnosis emphasises the following features: solitary coral; abundant radial elements subequal in thickness, lateral faces with granules and synapticulae; parietal, papillar or incompact columella, a few species lacking in columella; developed dissepiments. Individuals of Conophyllia have laminar septa of Triadophyllum type in earlier ontogenetic stages, while their septa in later ontogenetic stages are more fenestrate. The geological and geographical distribution of this genus is discussed, with five species of Conophyllia from the Renacuo area of Gêrzê, Tibet being described and illustrated, including one new species and two in open nomenclatue.
Age of the Purported Zhanjin Formation in Gêrzê County, Tibet: A New Understanding and Its Significance
Authors: Shenglong LUO , Genhou WANG , Jinhan GAO , Xunlian WANG , Hongji XIAO 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Upper Carboniferous Zhanjin Formation has attracted much attention from geoscientists for containing glacial–marine diamictite and cold‐water fauna typified by the bivalve Eurydesma. The presence of this Formation has provided important evidence for determining the northern border of Gondwana. Previous researchers have classified those strata north of Niangrong Co in the Gêrzê region as part of the Zhanjin Formation based on the presence of glacial–marine diamictite, although the absence of biological fossil evidence has defied clear age determination. Our field investigations first discovered large quantities of corals, sponges and bryozoans. All coral fossils were identified as belonging to the Hexacorallia subclass including 13 genera and 25 species, primarily including Conophyllia guiyangensis Deng et Kong, Coryphyllia regularis Cuif, Cuifia columnaris Roniewicz, Distichophyllia norica Freeh, Distichophyllia gigas Vinassa de Regny, Pamiroseris rectilamellosa Winkler, Retiophyllia clathrata Emmrich, and Retiophyllia paraclathrata Roniewicz. Extensive biostratigraphic correlations show that the hexacorallia should belong to the Late Triassic, thereby negating the presence of the Zhanjin Formation in the study area. Based on analyses of sedimentary facies and detailed study of the glacial–marine diamictite as supposed by earlier researchers, the limestone blocks and gravels within the facies are slope facies olistostromes and waterway sediments from lime slurry debris flows in the submarine fan rather than primary sedimentary products. Among them, lenticular sandstone should be sequentially distributed waterway sand bodies, indicating that the strata have no glacial–marine diamictite. In addition, the rocks containing the mentioned fossils are just limestone blocks from olistostromes, and limestone gravels from waterways of submarine fans. Such a result further negates the presence of the Zhanjin Formation in the study area, and indicates that the age of the studied strata should be youner than the Late Triassic. Through regional stratigraphic comparisons and the study of tectonic settings of the strata, the sedimentary characteristics of the subject strata, including lithology, lithofacies and fossils, are confirmed to be similar to the widely distributed Sêwa Formation in this region. We thus infer that the strata belong to the Middle–Lower Jurassic Sêwa Formation. This finding is important for both studying paleogeography of Tibet and determining the northern boundary of Gondwana.