bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of BaTiO3 submicrometric particles on the structure, morphology, and crystallization behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride)
Authors: Sánchez Freddy A. , Redondo Marta , González‐Benito Javier 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTReal uniform dispersion of barium titanate, BaTiO3, submicrometric particles within Poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, was achieved to understand induced structure, morphology, and crystallization process of the polymer. Composites with uniform dispersions of BaTiO3 particles within PVDF were accomplished for the first time, blending the polymer with particles by high energy ball milling, HEBM. Different compositions in PVDF/BaTiO3 composite were considered (0, 1, 5, and 10 weight percent of particles). Morphology and structure were studied by scanning electron microscopy, SEM, and X‐ray diffraction, XRD, respectively. From dynamic experiments by differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, thermal transitions were determined and melting and crystallization processes were studied. To understand the main mechanism by which specific morphologies can be obtained a deep kinetic analysis of the PVDF crystallization process was carried out. Cooling rate and BaTiO3 content did not provide important variations in the PVDF crystalline structure and morphology; however, the presence of BaTiO3 particles seemed to favor an athermal nucleation, leading to higher fraction of crystals in shorter times. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41497.
Photoluminescent enhancement of polyesters via photocrosslinking
Authors: Lim Wan Leng , Oo Chuan Wei , Kobayashi Takaomi 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTA homologous series of soluble photoluminescent polyesters, namely poly{bis(4‐hydroxybenzylidene)acetone‐5‐(m‐alkyloxyisophthalate)}, PAI1‐PAI5 were designed and synthesized via polycondensation reaction. The branches of these polyesters consisted of flexible alkyloxy chains with different chain lengths in order to investigate their influence toward thermal stability as well as the photocrosslinking property. It was found that increasing length of the flexible chain would reduce the thermal stability of the polyesters. Irradiation of these polyesters under UV light induced photocrosslinking and showed fascinate enhancement in their photoluminescence property with greater emission intensity. This was evidenced visually from the transformation of a weak greenish blue emission to highly intense cloudy blue emission. The photocrosslinking system was further confirmed using spectroscopic methods. Morphology analysis using SEM showed that the photocrosslinked polyesters have a fiber‐like or thread‐like texture with more voids as compared to the virgin polyesters. This was because of the formation of cyclobutanes through photodimerization involving 2π + 2π cycloaddition. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41504.
Optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of conjugated polymers with dithiafulvalene as side chains
Authors: Gu Chuantao , Du Zhengkun , Shen Wenfei , Bao Xichang , Wen Shuguang , Zhu Dangqiang , Wang Ting , Wang Ning , Yang Renqiang 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThree conjugated polymers, P1–P3, with dithiafulvalene (DTF) as side chains have been synthesized. All polymers have good thermal stabilities. The DTF unit could be oxidized to DTF•+ which was observed from cyclic voltammetry and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectra, and the oxidation process was independent of the conjugated backbone of the polymer. The strong π–π* transition absorbing band of the three polymers decreases gradually as increasing oxidation, and the resulting DTF•+ species give rise to an additional band at 750–1100 nm, which can be assigned to a distinguishing feature of the cation radical species. Photovoltaic device based on the blend of P2 and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) showed the power conversion efficiency of 1.05% with a fill factor of 42.8%. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41508.
Sulfonated polyetheretherketone/polypropylene polymer blends for the production of photoactive materials
Authors: Fatarella Enrico , Mylläri Ville , Ruzzante Marco , Pogni Rebecca , Baratto Maria Camilla , Skrifvars Mikael , Syrjälä Seppo , Järvelä Pentti 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTSulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK) was synthesized via a mono‐substitution reaction of PEEK in concentrated sulphuric acid and was blended with polypropylene (PP) in 2–10%w/w concentration to be used for the production of photoactive thermoplastic products. SPEEK and SPEEK/PP blends were characterized using FTIR, DSC, TGA, NMR, rheology, SEM, and EPR. Under UV‐Vis irradiation, stable benzophenone ketyl (BPK) radicals were generated by hydrogen extraction from PP. By increasing the amount of SPEEK in the polymer blend a linear increase in the BPK radicals was achieved according to the EPR data. DSC and TGA tests indicated weaknesses in the thermal stability of SPEEK but according to the rheological tests this should not have a major effect on processabililty. The optimal amount of SPEEK in the blend was obtained at 5%w/w. This concentration provided a good compromise between radical concentration, material processability, and cost. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41509.
Umweltfreundlicher Straßenbelag mit photokatalytischem Stickstoffdioxidabbau
Authors: Wang Dawei , Oeser Markus , Steinauer Bernhard , Hüben Michael 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIm Rahmen dieses Forschungsvorhabens werden TiO2‐haltige Gesteinskörnungen hergestellt und hinsichtlich der Festigkeit, des Polier‐ und Verschleißwiderstands sowie der Dauerhaftigkeit der photokatalytischen Eigenschaften optimiert. Sie werden auf die Fahrbahnoberfläche aufgebracht, um das durch die Abgase des Kraftfahrzeugs emittierte NOx möglichst schnell und effektiv abzubauen. Als Ergebnis kann festgestellt werden, dass mit dem erarbeiteten Verfahren ein langfristiger NOx‐Abbau auf Asphaltstraßen durch den Einsatz des TiO2 mit photokatalytischen Eigenschaften erzielbar ist. Damit ist ein wichtiger Schritt hin zur Herstellung des umweltfreundlichen Straßenbelags mit photokatalytischem Stickstoffdioxidabbau vollbracht.Environment‐friendly road surface with photocatalytic decomposition of nitrogen dioxideIn the scope of this research project, variants of TiO2‐containing aggregates were produced and optimized on their strength, polishing resistance, wearing resistance and the durability of the photocatalytic performance. The aggregates are spread on the road surface in order to decompose the emitted NOx in the exhaust gas of the vehicles as quickly and effectively as possible. From the results, it can be ascertained that a durable NOx degradation is achievable by using the TiO2 in the spreading materials on asphalt road surface following the developed procedure. Through this, an important step of building environment‐friendly road surface with NOx elimination is taken.
Ringseildächer mit CFK‐Zugelementen
Authors: Schlaich Mike , Liu Yue , Zwingmann Bernd 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWährend im Automobil‐ und Flugzeugbau die beiden Hauptvorteile von kohlenstofffaserverstärkten Kunststoffen (CFK), hohe Festigkeit und geringes Gewicht, gut ausgenutzt werden können, kann man sich bei den Immobilien des Bauwesens zunächst nur die hohe Festigkeit von CFK zunutze machen. Auf der Suche nach Tragwerken, bei denen auch geringes Gewicht besonders hilfreich ist, stößt man schnell auf die weitgespannten, zugbeanspruchten und vorgespannten Flächentragwerke. In diesem Artikel soll das Potenzial von CFK‐Zugelementen für Ringseildächer aufgezeigt werden. Dazu wird ein typisches Ringseildach mit Stahlseilen mit einem solchen mit CFK‐Zugelementen verglichen und dabei auf den Einfluss der Eigenschaften verschiedener Kohlenstofffasern eingegangen. Es wird gezeigt, wie die Seilquerschnitte im Ringseildach mit dem Ersatz von Stahl durch CFK reduziert werden können, während die Verformung durch den Effekt der Vorspannung gleich bleibt. In einer Kostenabschätzung wird deutlich, dass die Leichtbaueigenschaften von CFK‐Zugelementen trotz des höheren Materialpreises zu einer wirtschaftlichen Alternative für Ringseildächer führen können. Zuerst aber werden die bekannten Vor‐ und Nachteile von CFK zusammengefasst und ein Überblick über bereits gebaute Tragwerke gegeben. Am Schluss wird der Prototyp eines Ringseildachs, der am Institut für Bauingenieurwesen der Technischen Universität Berlin gebaut wurde, vorgestellt.Spoke‐wheel cable roof with CFRP tension membersWhile the automobile and aircraft industries take advantage of both of the two main characteristics of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP), high strength and low weight, usually only one advantage of CFRP, namely high strength, is relevant in the construction industry. When looking for types of structures where the low weight is also of particular use, large‐span, highly‐tensioned and pre‐stressed roof‐structures quickly come to mind. In this paper, the potential of CFRP tension members used in a spoke‐wheel cable roof is demonstrated by comparing a typical spoke‐wheel steel cable roof with a corresponding roof structure with CFRP tension members. The structural influence of carbon fibers with different properties is investigated. Cost estimation shows that the structural properties of CFRP tension members may lead to a cost efficient alternative for spoke‐wheel cable roofs despite of their higher material price. As an introduction the advantages and disadvantages of CFRP material are discussed and already existing CFRP cable structures are presented. At the end of the paper, a prototype of a spoke wheel CFRP cable roof, which was designed and built by the civil engineering institute of the Technical University of Berlin, is introduced.
Effect of osmolytes on the binding of EGR1 transcription factor to DNA
Authors: Mikles David C. , Bhat Vikas , Schuchardt Brett J. , McDonald Caleb B. , Farooq Amjad 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTOsmolytes play a key role in maintaining protein stability and mediating macromolecular interactions within the intracellular environment of the cell. Herein, we show that osmolytes such as glycerol, sucrose, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) mitigate the binding of early growth response (protein) 1 (EGR1) transcription factor to DNA in a differential manner. Thus, while physiological concentrations of glycerol only moderately reduce the binding affinity, addition of sucrose and PEG400 is concomitant with a loss in the binding affinity by an order of magnitude. This salient observation suggests that EGR1 is most likely subject to conformational equilibrium and that the osmolytes exert their effect via favorable interactions with the unliganded conformation. Consistent with this notion, our analysis reveals that while EGR1 displays rather high structural stability in complex with DNA, the unliganded conformation becomes significantly destabilized in solution. In particular, while liganded EGR1 adopts a well‐defined arc‐like architecture, the unliganded protein samples a comparatively large conformational space between two distinct states that periodically interconvert between an elongated rod‐like shape and an arc‐like conformation on a submicrosecond time scale. Consequently, the ability of osmolytes to favorably interact with the unliganded conformation so as to stabilize it could account for the negative effect of osmotic stress on EGR1–DNA interaction observed here. Taken together, our study sheds new light on the role of osmolytes in modulating a key protein–DNA interaction. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 74–87, 2015.
The ethical scientist: An old‐fashioned view
Authors: Tinoco Ignacio 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTMy personal view of ethical behavior as a scientific researcher in an academic environment is presented. I discuss the behavior of a graduate student, a postdoctoral, and a professor. Ethical behavior in teaching, choosing a research project, publishing papers, and obtaining a job is discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 424–431, 2015.
Promotion of Mesoporous Vanadium Carbide Incorporated on Resorcinol–Formaldehyde Resin Carbon Composites with High‐Surface‐Areas on Platinum Catalysts for Methanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Li Kui , Zhu Jianbing , Xiao Meiling , Zhao Xiao , Yao Shikui , Liu Changpeng , Xing Wei 
Published: October 2014

AbstractVanadium carbide incorporated on resorcinol–formaldehyde resin carbon (V8C7@RFC) was synthesized as a novel mesoporous catalyst‐support material by pyrolysis of the resorcinol–formaldehyde resin and NaVO3 mixture. The material’s BET surface area was 564 m2 g−1 and thus much higher than that of 389 m2 g−1 for the carbon powders yielded by resin carbonation. Physical characterization revealed that the supporting material possesses a mesoporous structure and Pt nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed on the V8C7@RFC surface. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the V8C7‐modified Pt catalyst exhibits a negative shift of over 100 mV in the onset potential for COads electrooxidation and a dramatically enhanced activity in methanol oxidation reaction. The enhancement was mainly attributed to the electronic effect between Pt and V8C7 and the mesoporous structure providing ideal anchor sites for Pt dispersion.
Conventional Chiralpak ID vs. Capillary Chiralpak ID‐3 Amylose Tris‐(3‐Chlorophenylcarbamate)‐Based Chiral Stationary Phase Columns for the Enantioselective HPLC Separation of Pharmaceutical Racemates
Authors: Ahmed Marwa , Gwairgi Marina , Ghanem Ashraf 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTA comparative enantioselective analysis using immobilized amylose tris‐(3‐chlorophenylcarbamate) as chiral stationary phase in conventional high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with Chiralpak ID (4.6 mm ID × 250 mm, 5 µm silica gel) and micro‐HPLC with Chiralpak ID‐3 (0.30 mm ID × 150 mm, 3 µm silica gel) was conducted. Pharmaceutical racemates of 12 pharmacological classes, namely, α‐ and β‐blockers, anti‐inflammatory drugs, antifungal drugs, dopamine antagonists, norepinephrine‐dopamine reuptake inhibitors, catecholamines, sedative hypnotics, diuretics, antihistaminics, anticancer drugs, and antiarrhythmic drugs were screened under normal phase conditions. The effect of an organic modifier on the analyte retentions and enantiomer recognition was investigated. Baseline separation was achieved for 1‐acenaphthenol, carprofen, celiprolol, cizolirtine carbinol, miconazole, tebuconazole, 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxymandelic acid, 1‐indanol, 1‐(2‐chlorophenyl)ethanol, 1‐phenyl‐2‐propanol, flavanone, 6‐hydroxyflavanone, 4‐bromogluthethimide, and pentobarbital on the 4.6 mm ID packed with a 5 µm silica column using conventional HPLC. Nonetheless, baseline separation was achieved for aminoglutethimide, naftopidil, and thalidomide on the 0.3 mm ID packed with a 3 µm silica capillary column. Chirality 26:677–682, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Obfuscation for multi‐use re‐encryption and its application in cloud computing
Authors: Cheng Rong , Zhang Fangguo 
Published: October 2014

SummaryWith the rapid development of cloud computing, more and more data are being centralized into cloud server for sharing. It is a challenge problem on how to keep them both private and accessible. Re‐encryption function is a useful tool to fulfill secure cloud computing. Cloud data owners store their encrypted data on the cloud server. When other cloud users want to share the cloud data, cloud server can re‐encrypt the encrypted data for them. So data on the cloud server can be both accessible and private. Secure obfuscation for re‐encryption function can hide all the private information in the re‐encryption function, so the obfuscated program can be directly outsourced to cloud server without leaking anything about the computation task. In this paper, we study on secure obfuscation for three kinds of new re‐encryption functions: multi‐use re‐encryption, conditional re‐encryption with keyword search, and broadcast re‐encryption. We utilize the obfuscated results as tools to fulfill secure cloud computing. Cloud‐computing schemes based on obfuscation have better security compared with other tools. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance analysis of bidirectional cloud networks with imperfect channel state information
Authors: Li Jing , Wu Mingying , Ge Jianhua , Zhang Chensi , Pop Florin , Wang Yingguan 
Published: October 2014

SummaryWith the rapid growth of cloud computing services, there is an increasing need to expand applications across data centers. In these paradigms, common information exchange between two data centers can be assisted via one or more substrate nodes, which correspond to bidirectional relaying communication. In this paper, we investigate the performance of time division broadcast (TDBC) protocol in bidirectional cloud networks in the presence of channel estimation errors (CEEs). The tight asymptotic expressions for individual and system outage probabilities are first presented in closed‐form. It is shown that CEE causes outage probability to remain fixed even if the channel is noiseless. Then, the symbol error rate performance for TDBC protocol with M‐ary Phase Shift Keying and M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation signals is analyzed. Simulation results validate the accuracy of our analytical results. Furthermore, comparison of signal‐to‐noise ratio gap ratio shows that TDBC protocol is less sensitive to the effect of CEE than analog network coding protocol. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expanding the potential of standard flow cytometry by extracting fluorescence lifetimes from cytometric pulse shifts
Authors: Cao Ruofan , Naivar Mark A. , Wilder Mark , Houston Jessica P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFluorescence lifetime measurements provide information about the fluorescence relaxation, or intensity decay, of organic fluorophores, fluorescent proteins, and other inorganic molecules that fluoresce. The fluorescence lifetime is emerging in flow cytometry and is helpful in a variety of multiparametric, single cell measurements because it is not impacted by nonlinearity that can occur with fluorescence intensity measurements. Yet time‐resolved cytometry systems rely on major hardware modifications making the methodology difficult to reproduce. The motivation of this work is, by taking advantage of the dynamic nature of flow cytometry sample detection and applying digital signal processing methods, to measure fluorescence lifetimes using an unmodified flow cytometer. We collect a new lifetime‐dependent parameter, referred to herein as the fluorescence‐pulse‐delay (FPD), and prove it is a valid representation of the average fluorescence lifetime. To verify we generated cytometric pulses in simulation, with light emitting diode (LED) pulsation, and with true fluorescence measurements of cells and microspheres. Each pulse is digitized and used in algorithms to extract an average fluorescence lifetime inherent in the signal. A range of fluorescence lifetimes is measurable with this approach including standard organic fluorophore lifetimes (∼1 to 22 ns) as well as small, simulated shifts (0.1 ns) under standard conditions (reported herein). This contribution demonstrates how digital data acquisition and signal processing can reveal time‐dependent information foreshadowing the exploitation of full waveform analysis for quantification of similar photo‐physical events within single cells. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experiences in the military may impact dual‐axis neuroendocrine processes in veterans
Authors: Bobadilla Leonardo , Asberg Kia , Johnson Megan , Shirtcliff Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTMilitary stressors such as survival training can affect endocrine functioning in the short term, and combat has been associated with endocrine changes linked to psychopathology. However, studies with military samples examining whether there are individual differences in these changes as part of normal development, or as an adaptive mechanism in adulthood are lacking. This study examined whether exposure to combat in a sample of veterans was associated with differential endocrine activity to a laboratory frustration task. Results indicated that Army veterans demonstrated significant testosterone reactivity to frustration and negative coupling between cortisol and testosterone. Alternatively, Navy and Marine veterans demonstrated little testosterone reactivity to frustration and positive coupling between cortisol and testosterone. Positive cortisol‐testosterone coupling was stronger among individuals who had more dangerous combat experiences. This latter pattern may better prepare individuals for stressful life experiences and supports the contention that adulthood stressors may calibrate endocrine systems. Results are explained in the context of the Adaptive Calibration Model (Ellis et al., 2012, Developmental Psychology, 48(3), 598–623) which proposes that exposure to key environmental dimensions during endocrinologically malleable life stages (e.g., puberty) can change stress responsivity, resulting in a faster life history trajectory (e.g., increased risk‐taking and aggression). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 719–730, 2015.
Intraspecific competition reduces niche width in experimental populations
Authors: Parent Christine E. , Agashe Deepa , Bolnick Daniel I. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIntraspecific competition is believed to drive niche expansion, because otherwise suboptimal resources can provide a refuge from competition for preferred resources. Competitive niche expansion is well supported by empirical observations, experiments, and theory, and is often invoked to explain phenotypic diversification within populations, some forms of speciation, and adaptive radiation. However, some foraging models predict the opposite outcome, and it therefore remains unclear whether competition will promote or inhibit niche expansion. We conducted experiments to test whether competition changes the fitness landscape to favor niche expansion, and if competition indeed drives niche expansion as expected. UsingTribolium castaneumflour beetles fed either wheat (their ancestral resource), corn (a novel resource) or mixtures of both resources, we show that fitness is maximized on a mixed diet. Next, we show that at higher population density, the optimal diet shifts toward greater use of corn, favoring niche expansion. In stark contrast, when beetles were given a choice of resources, we found that competition caused niche contraction onto the ancestral resource. This presents a puzzling mismatch between how competition alters the fitness landscape, versus competition's effects on resource use. We discuss several explanations for this mismatch, highlighting potential reasons why optimality models might be misleading.
Protection of the Gold(I) Catalyst by AsPh3 in Reactions of Enynes
Authors: Ramiro Zoraida , Bartolomé Camino , Espinet Pablo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNeutral gold complexes with hydrogen‐bond‐supported heterocyclic carbene (HBHC) and nitrogen acyclic carbene (NAC) ligands have been synthesized by the reactions of isocyanogold derivatives [AuCl(CNR)] with amines. Cationic [Au(carbene)(AsPh3)][SbF6] complexes have also been prepared. The catalytic activity of both types of complex (for the former, AgSbF6 is used to extract the halide ligand) in the skeletal rearrangement and methoxycyclization of enynes has been studied. The cationic complexes with AsPh3 are active but slower; advantageously, they do not decompose during the catalysis. In contrast, the catalysts formed in situ from the neutral halide complexes are very fast but undergo decomposition. An interesting trade‐off was found by adding substoichiometric amounts of AsPh3 (e.g., 10 mol‐%) relative to the gold catalyst {[Au(carbene)Cl] + AgSbF6}, which prevents or dramatically reduces the decomposition. This protecting ligand promises to prevent or minimize the undesired decomposition of gold catalysts.