bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HOUSEHOLD ORGANIZATION AND THE DYNAMICS OF STATE EXPANSION: THE LATE CLASSIC–TERMINAL CLASSIC TRANSFORMATION AT XUENKAL, YUCATAN, MEXICO
Authors: Manahan T. Kam , Ardren Traci , Olvera Alejandra Alonso 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWhile changing views of the sociopolitical history of the northern Maya lowlands now recognize that Chichen Itza's emergence as a major polity on an unprecedented scale occurred during the Terminal Classic period, rather than the Early Postclassic period, the ramifications of significant chronological overlap between Chichen Itza's rise and the demise of neighboring polities have been largely unexplored. The ancient Maya center of Xuenkal, located in the Cupul region about 45 km northeast of Chichen Itza, is one of the few known interior sites to contain substantial (and discrete) Cehpech and Sotuta occupations. The Proyecto Arqueológico Xuenkal (PAX) was initiated in 2004 to elucidate Chichen Itza's role in the history of the Cupul region and what role local Xuenkal elites may have played in negotiating regional political dynamics. As with many surrounding centers, it appears that Xuenkal's occupational history reached its zenith with the Late Classic–Terminal Classic Cehpech ceramic sphere. However, unlike neighboring sites associated with Cehpech, such as Ek' Balam or Yaxuna, Xuenkal also contained a substantial Sotuta settlement concentrated within the site core during the Terminal Classic period. These populations adapted into an evolving regional economy by dramatically increasing household production as compared to Late Classic groups. While Sotuta households were tightly integrated into Chichen Itza's regional economy, evidence for their direct state control is not readily apparent. We suggest that the relationship between Chichen Itza and regional communities was more dynamic than current models contend, and that Chichen Itza's political machinations across the peninsula must be considered in local contexts that varied across households, communities, and regions.
THE YABNAL-MOTUL CERAMIC COMPLEX OF THE LATE CLASSIC PERIOD AT CHICHEN ITZA
Authors: de Heredia Puente Eduardo J. Pérez 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOur understanding of the history of ancient Chichen Itza has been advanced significantly in recent years by the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia's Chichen Itza Archaeological Project. One important advance has been the definition of a new ceramic complex for the site of Yabnal, which dates to the Late Classic period, and corresponds to the Motul ceramic complex of Mayapan. The majority of materials used to define the Yabnal complex come from recent excavation of terraces and platforms distributed throughout the entire area occupied by Chichen Itza in its heyday, but also includes finds in association with the construction and use of buildings with rooms such as the substructure of the Temple of the Initial Series. The most important ceramic materials include complete and restorable vessels obtained from sealed contexts. The Yabnal ceramic complex displays a variety of local and imported wares, similar to those found elsewhere in the northern plains, with the Slate Ware group proving possibly the most important. Ceramic Slate Ware is a high-quality ceramic characterized by the frequent use of volcanic ash as temper, and demonstrates a deeply rooted tradition in northern Yucatan, spanning roughly 600 years. Although most recent discussion of ceramics at Chichen Itza has focused on the Terminal Classic and Postclassic periods, this study examines the early Yabnal ceramic complex of the Late Classic period with a focus on the site, its chronology, and the important implications this ceramic complex has for the general history of the northern plains.
A singular thermodynamically consistent temperature at the origin of the anomalous behavior of liquid water
Authors: Mallamace Francesco , Corsaro Carmelo , Stanley H. Eugene 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe density maximum of water dominates the thermodynamics of the system under ambient conditions, is strongly P-dependent and disappears at a crossover pressure Pcross ~ 1.8 kbar. We study this variable across a wide area of the T–P phase diagram. We consider old and new data of both the isothermal compressibility KT(T, P) and the coefficient of thermal expansion αP(T, P). We observe that KT(T) shows a minimum at T* ~ 315±5 K for all the studied pressures. We find the behavior of αP to also be surprising: all the αP(T) curves measured at different P cross at T*. The experimental data show a “singular and universal expansivity point” at T* ~ 315 K and αP(T*) ≃ 0.44 10−3 K−1. Unlike other water singularities, we find this temperature to be thermodynamically consistent in the relationship connecting the two response functions.
Assessment of Organizational Measures to Prevent Nosocomial Tuberculosis in Health Facilities of 4 Sub-Saharan Countries in 2010
Authors: Robert Jérôme , Affolabi Dissou , Awokou Fantché , Nolna Désiré , Philippe Manouan Bilé Adou , Acho Yapo Blaise , Gninafon Martin , Trebucq Arnaud 
Published: December 2012

Background.The prevention of tuberculosis (TB) transmission in healthcare settings is a major issue, particularly because of the interaction between human immunodeficiency virus and TB and the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB.Setting.Healthcare facilities involved in TB management in 4 African countries (Benin, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, and Togo).Methods.A questionnaire was developed by representatives of the 4 countries to evaluate the organizational measures implemented in facilities involved in TB management. On-site visits were performed between July 2010 and July 2011.Results.A total of 115 facilities, including 10 university hospitals and 92 basic management units, were visited. None had a TB infection control plan, and only 5.2% provided education for staff about nosocomial TB. Overall, 48.3% of the facilities performed triage of suspected TB cases on hospital arrival or admission, 89.6% provided education for TB cases on cough etiquette, 20.0% segregated smear-positive TB cases, and 15.7% segregated previously treated cases. A total of 15.5% of the facilities registered TB among staff, for a global prevalence rate of 348 cases per 100,000 staff members.Conclusion.This survey identified simple and mostly costless administrative measures to be urgently implemented at the local level to prevent nosocomial TB, such as staff education, triage on admission, and segregation of previously treated patients.
Characterization of Fecal Microbiota of Children With Diarrhea in 2 Locations in Colombia
Authors: Solano‐Aguilar Gloria , Fernandez Karem P. , Ets Hillevi , Molokin Aleksey , Vinyard Bryan , Urban Joseph F. , Gutierrez Maria Fernanda 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTObjectives:Diarrhea is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children younger than 5 years in impoverished regions of the world. Our aim was to compare the fecal microbiota of healthy children with that of children with clinical diarrhea in a population from a tropical highland in Colombia, South America. Our hypothesis was that a reduced prevalence of inherent Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species would be associated with enteric viral and bacterial pathogens.Methods:Children between 1 and 5 years of age from 2 different locations were evaluated for presence of clinical diarrhea. Nucleic acid, isolated from fecal samples, was used to determine by molecular protocols the abundance of inherent bacterial species and presence of enteric pathogens compared with clinically healthy children. The effect of host demographic factors on incidence of diarrhea was also analyzed.Results:The composition of the fecal microbiota was affected by host demographic factors: age, health status, location, and sex. In partial support of our hypothesis, the relative abundance of commensal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species was inversely correlated with incidence of diarrhea regardless of location.Conclusions:Our results suggested that changes in fecal microbiota composition of children with clinical diarrhea are associated with certain demographic factors that should be considered before designing a prophylactic intervention. Delivery of certain Lactobacillus species and Bifidobacterium species or a diet rich in bifidogenic components that promote growth of Bifidobacterium species could provide a prophylactic effect to ameliorate the effect of diarrhea in children at risk.
Psychological management: changing qualities of the ideal manager in Finland 1949‐2009
Authors: Varje Pekka , Turtiainen Jussi , Väänänen Ari 
Published: December 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the historical emergence of psychological management in Finnish working life from the viewpoint of recruitment process by examining the changing qualities of the ideal manager in Finland in the post‐Second World War era.Design/methodology/approachThe study is conducted through an analysis of 1,305 manager position job advertisements in the major Finnish newspaper Helsingin Sanomat between 1949 and 2009.FindingsThe average number of references to personal skills and traits in manager position job advertisements grew from 0.7 to 3.8 between 1949 and 2009, and by the end of the 1990s exceeded the average number of references to technical and cognitive skills. During the same period, intrinsic job benefits largely replaced extrinsic benefits in job advertisements. The results suggest that the anthropocentric management of personalities and subjectivities was gradually introduced to Finnish organizations over a period of several decades. The complex historical process, deeply interlinked with organizational and societal developments, resulted in a highly multi‐dimensional ideal manager of 2009.Originality/valueThe study offers original knowledge regarding the emergence of psychological management, and sharpens the picture of changing management ideals in a national context.
Shifts in corporate accountability reflected in socially responsible reporting: a historical review
Authors: Morf Duffy , Flesher Dale L. , Hayek Mario , Pane Stephanie , Hayek Caroline 
Published: December 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze how social power and pressures over the past century have shifted the audience towards which organizations find themselves accountable, as reflected in their social responsibility reporting.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use historical analysis to analyze qualitatively the annual reports of prominent US organizations between the 1900s to the early 2000s. Adopting an integrationist perspective, the authors ground their research in stakeholder theory and reviewed passages in annual reports identifying the audiences of socially responsible organizational initiatives.FindingsThe study revealed that the degree and focus of corporate accountability shifted over the course of the 1900s, and that this change was due to shifts in influence and power stemming from different stakeholders. During the early 1900s, organizations were more concerned with pleasing internal stakeholders (i.e. employees); however, economic and social events shifted this attention towards external stakeholder groups (i.e. the environment) during the latter part of the century. More recent events fueled social pressures, resulting in legislation and social reporting guidelines during the first decade of the twenty‐first century.Practical implicationsOrganizations will continue to be held accountable as new stakeholder groups emerge and different social movements and economic changes transpire, exerting more pressure on organizations to be socially responsible. Furthermore, organizations need to remain current on social reporting guidelines, as these increasingly become the means of communication with multiple stakeholder groups. In summary, findings suggest that organizations would benefit by staying abreast of economic and social cues when developing their socially responsible initiatives and reporting.Originality/valueThe unique contribution of this paper is to identify how economic and social events place pressure on organizations and shift organizational attention through an accountability mechanism, resulting in changes in the focus of social responsibility reporting.
Proposed vector candidate: Leptotrombidium palpale for Shimokoshi type Orientia tsutsugamushi
Authors: Seto Junji , Suzuki Yu , Otani Katsumi , Qiu Yongjin , Nakao Ryo , Sugimoto Chihiro , Abiko Chieko 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTo identify the vector species for Shimokoshi type Orientia tsutsugamushi, a survey of larval trombiculid mites was conducted in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan from April to May 2012. In all, 2889 larval trombiculid mites were obtained from 21 Apodemus speciosus rodent hosts, 2600 of which were morphologically classified into eight species in three genera. After screening of O. tsutsugamushi DNA in individual larval trombiculid mites using real‐time PCR targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, serotype‐specific nested PCRs targeting the 56 kDa protein gene were performed, followed by sequencing analysis. As a result, Shimokoshi type O. tsutsugamushi DNA was identified from 3 (1.9%) of 157 Leptotrombidium palpale. This is the first study to identify Shimokoshi type O. tsutsugamushi DNA in L. palpale. The results indicate that L. palpale is a possible vector for Shimokoshi type O. tsutsugamushi.
Credibility Attributes and Investor Perceptions of Non‐GAAP Earnings Exclusions
Authors: Entwistle Gary M. , Feltham Glenn D. , Mbagwu Chima 
Published: December 2012

AbstractRecent empirical evidence suggests that investors focus more on non‐GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) than on traditional GAAP earnings because non‐GAAP earnings are believed to proxy for a firm's ongoing profitability, a measure useful for valuation. Managers determine these non‐GAAP earnings by excluding certain items from their GAAP income. However, because these non‐GAAP earnings are both unaudited and may be disclosed by a firm to manage investors’ perceptions as opposed to inform, investors must infer the credibility of the disclosure through observable firm attributes. In this study we examine whether firms with stronger credibility attributes (corporate governance, higher‐quality auditors, and higher historical information quality) will be perceived as providing more credible non‐GAAP exclusions than those with weaker attributes. Our expectation is that the market reaction to non‐GAAP earnings exclusions of firms with stronger credibility attributes will be greater than for those with weaker attributes. Our results support our expectation.
Minimal alveolar concentration of sevoflurane for maintaining bispectral index below 50 in morbidly obese patients
Authors: ZEIDAN A. , MAZOIT J. X. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundMorbid obesity is associated with important differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The aim of this study was to determine minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane for maintaining bispectral index (BIS) below 50 (MACBIS50) in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery using the Continual Reassessment Method (CRM) method.MethodsTwenty‐four morbidly obese patients (body mass index 40–70 kg/m2) were enrolled in our study. Twenty minutes following pre‐medication with fentanyl 100 μg, general anaesthesia was induced using propofol 2 mg/kg and cisatracurium 2 mg/kg to facilitate tracheal intubation. The lowest BIS score was recorded following induction. Thereafter, when BIS began to increase > 60, maintenance of anaesthesia was started with a pre‐determined end‐tidal sevoflurane concentration (ETSevo) and maintained for 10 min followed by 1‐min assessment of BIS taken at 10‐s intervals to determine the ETSevo. The ETSevo leading to a probability close to 80% success was calculated using the CRM, and the MACBIS50 leading to 50% success was calculated by fitting the data to a dose‐probability sigmoid curve, respectively.ResultsThe ETSevo able to maintain BIS value below 50 was 1.8% in 67% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44–0.86] and higher in the remaining 33% of the patients and the ETSevo leading to a BIS value below 50 in 50% of the patients (MACBIS50) was 1.6 ± 0.10%.ConclusionsThe calculated values (1.8% and 1.6%) were higher than that previously reported in normal adult patients (0.97%; 95% CI 0.89–1.1%) and less than that reported in children (2.8%; 95% CI 2.7–3.1%).
Assessing Medical Knowledge of Emergency Medicine Residents
Authors: Goyal Nikhil , Aldeen Amer , Leone Katrina , Ilgen Jonathan S. , Branzetti Jeremy , Kessler Chad 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires that emergency medicine (EM) residency graduates are competent in the medical knowledge (MK) core competency. EM educators use a number of tools to measure a resident's progress toward this goal; it is not always clear whether these tools provide a valid assessment. A workshop was convened during the 2012 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference “Education Research in Emergency Medicine: Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategies for Success” where assessment for each core competency was discussed in detail. This article provides a description of the validity evidence behind current MK assessment tools used in EM and other specialties. Tools in widespread use are discussed, as well as emerging methods that may form valid assessments in the future. Finally, an agenda for future research is proposed to help address gaps in the current understanding of MK assessment.
Benefits and costs of using a lungworm parasite to control invasive toads in Australia
Authors: Harris R. N. 
Published: December 2012

Read the Feature Paper: Typhoid Mary in the frogpond: can we use native frogs to disseminate a lungworm biocontrol for invasive cane toads?Other Commentaries on this paper:Is Typhoid Mary a good role model? Response from the authors: New methods in the battle against cane toads: when should we move from research to implementation?
Cyclic Stretch Augments Production of Neutrophil Chemokines and Matrix Metalloproteinase‐1 in Human Uterine Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Zhao Yin , Koga Kaori , Osuga Yutaka , Izumi Gentaro , Takamura Masashi , Harada Miyuki , Hirata Tetsuya , Hirota Yasushi , Yoshino Osamu , Fujii Tomoyuki , Kozuma Shiro 
Published: December 2012

ProblemThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of uterine contraction on the immune environment within the uterus during parturition.Method of studyUterine smooth muscle cells (USMC) were isolated from uterine myometrial tissues and cultured. The effects of cyclic stretch on mRNA and/or protein expression of IL‐8, Groα, and pro‐MMP‐1 by USMC were measured using RT‐PCR and ELISA. Neutrophil chemotactic activity in conditioned media was evaluated using migration assays. To evaluate the effect of progesterone (P4), USMC were pretreated with P4 for 24 hr.ResultsCyclic stretch increased IL‐8 and Groα mRNA and protein and pro‐MMP‐1 production significantly. Supernatants from stretched cells induced neutrophil chemotactic activity significantly; these effects were abrogated by anti‐IL‐8 or Groα neutralizing antibodies. Stretch effects were reduced by P4.ConclusionThese results suggest that uterine contraction may induce neutrophil infiltration and MMP‐1 production, which may contribute to cervical ripening and rupture of membrane. The inhibitory effects of P4 may explain the mechanism by which progestin prevents preterm labor.
Adaptation of ostriches to transport‐induced stress: Physiometabolic response
Authors: Vazquez‐Galindo Giovanni , de Aluja Aline S. , Guerrero‐Legarreta Isabel , Orozco‐Gregorio Hector , Borderas‐Tordesillas Fernando , Mora‐Medina Patricia , Roldan‐Santiago Patricia , Flores‐Peinado Salvador , Mota‐Rojas Daniel 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study assessed the effects of five different transport periods on physiometabolic responses and gas exchange in ostriches. It included 138 ostriches that were assigned to five experimental groups. G1 included 78 birds that were set aside as a reference group (RG). Each one of the four remaining experimental groups included 20 ostriches, which were transported in the following manner: G1 on one occasion for a period of 1 h; G2 on one occasion for 2 h; and G3 on one occasion for 3 h; G4a was made up of the ostriches from G1 but they were shipped on a second occasion, for 2 h (making a total of 3 h); finally, G4b was that same group, but after a third transport period, on this occasion during 3 h (for a total of 6 h). Groups G2 and G3 presented the most marked blood alterations (P < 0.05), including an increase in pH, hypocapnia (27.8 ± 0.80 mmHg), hypernatremia (171.75 ± 1.84 mmol/L), hypocalcemia (0.95 ± 0.03 mmol/L), and hyperglycemia (224.05 ± 3.94 mg/dL). Also, group G3 presented the lowest hematocrit values (26.5 ± 0.47 HTC%). Therefore, transporting ostriches with no prior experience for 3 h caused the most pronounced physiometabolic changes.
The Moving Window Technique: A Window Into Developmental Changes in Attention During Facial Emotion Recognition
Authors: Birmingham Elina , Meixner Tamara , Iarocci Grace , Kanan Christopher , Smilek Daniel , Tanaka James W. 
Published: December 2012

The strategies children employ to selectively attend to different parts of the face may reflect important developmental changes in facial emotion recognition. Using the Moving Window Technique (MWT), children aged 5–12 years and adults (N = 129) explored faces with a mouse‐controlled window in an emotion recognition task. An age‐related increase in attention to the left eye emerged at age 11–12 years and reached significance in adulthood. This left‐eye bias is consistent with previous eye tracking research and findings of a perceptual bias for the left side of faces. These results suggest that a strategic attentional bias to the left eye begins to emerge at age 11–12 years and is likely established sometime in adolescence.
Smoking attenuates the age‐related decrease in IgE levels and maintains eosinophilic inflammation
Authors: Nagasaki T. , Matsumoto H. , Nakaji H. , Niimi A. , Ito I. , Oguma T. , Muro S. , Inoue H. , Iwata T. , Tajiri T. , Kanemitsu Y. , Mishima M. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryBackgroundEpidemiological studies have shown that smoking increases the propensity for atopy and asthma. However, the effects of smoking on atopy and eosinophilic inflammation in asthmatics, including the elderly, remain unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the effects of smoking on serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and eosinophilic inflammation in asthmatics of all ages.MethodsThe associations of serum IgE levels, blood eosinophil counts and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels with smoking and age in steroid‐naive asthmatics were cross‐sectionally assessed (n = 307). Levels of sputum eosinophil and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) that promotes Th2 inflammation were also analysed. Current smokers were excluded when analysing contributing factors of FeNO.ResultsLevels of serum IgE, blood eosinophil and FeNO decreased with increasing age in never‐smokers, whereas decrease in serum IgE levels with increasing age was not observed in current smokers. In addition, current smoking was associated with higher blood eosinophil counts. In atopic asthmatics, age‐related declines in serum IgE levels were less steep in ex‐smokers than in never‐smokers, and atopic ex‐smokers with asthma showed higher blood eosinophil counts and higher FeNO irrespective of age. Lastly, sputum TSLP levels were associated with sputum eosinophil proportions and pack‐years. Current and ex‐smokers had higher TSLP levels than never‐smokers.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceIn steroid‐naive asthmatics, smoking may attenuate the age‐related decrease in IgE levels and maintain eosinophilic inflammation, in which TSLP may be involved.