bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capacitance transient study of a bistable deep level in e−-irradiated n-type 4H–SiC
Authors: Beyer F C , Hemmingsson C G , Pedersen H , Henry A , Isoya J , Morishita N , Ohshima T , Janzén E 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Using capacitance transient techniques, a bistable centre, called FB centre here, was observed in electron irradiated 4H–SiC. In configuration A, the deep level known as EH5 (E

a
= E

C
− 1.07 eV) is detected in the deep level transient spectroscopy spectrum, whereas for configuration B no obvious deep level is observed in the accessible part of the band gap. Isochronal annealing revealed the transition temperatures to be T

A → B
> 730 K and for the opposite process T

B → A
≈ 710 K. The energy needed to conduct the transformations were determined to be E

A
(A → B) = (2.1 ± 0.1) eV and E

A
(B → A) = (2.3 ± 0.1) eV, respectively. The pre-factor indicated an atomic jump process for the opposite transition A → B and a charge carrier-emission dominated process in the case of B → A. Minority charge carrier injection enhanced the transformation from configuration B to configuration A by lowering the transition barrier by about 1.4 eV. Since the bistable FB centre is already present after low-energy electron irradiation (200 keV), it is likely related to carbon.
Identification of the Curie point in Fe-based metallic glasses using in situ hard x-ray diffraction
Authors: Michalik S , Bednarcik J , Kovac J , Franz H , Sovak P 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

In situ temperature-resolved x-ray diffraction was used to follow structural changes of amorphous Fe(73.5−x)Mn
x
Si13.5Cu1Nb3B9 (x = 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9) during constant rate heating experiments. Analysing diffraction patterns in reciprocal space by tracing the position of the first sharp diffraction peak provided information about the thermal expansion behaviour on atomic scale. Two distinct zones showing different slopes were identified for all expansion curves in the temperature range between 40 and 450 °C. The temperatures at which the expansion curves change their slopes are in good accordance with the Curie temperatures determined from thermomagnetic curves. Therefore, it is concluded that the in situ high-energy x-ray diffraction enables detection of the transition from a ferromagnetic to a paramagnetic state in the case of Fe-based metallic glasses.
Eclipse of an Era
Authors: Hasan Mushirul 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This chapter describes the grandeur of British rule in India under whose bright light, the older order was eclipsed. The last decades of the nineteenth century saw India witness many vivid expressions of imperial grandeur, pageantry, and power (1887, 1903). In 1911, George V (1865–1936) was crowned king of England and Emperor of India. His Durbar in Delhi brought princely India and British India together in feudal pageantry which also saw the subordination of Indians. The chapter describes how C F Andrews witnessed the Durbar while Nazir Ahmad, who died on May 3, 1912, would have heard some people raising the cry ‘God Save the King Emperor’ in Shajahanabad's lanes and by-lanes. Muhammad Zakaullah died two years earlier, and so was not able to witness the curtain being drawn on another phase in India's turbulent history.
Fragmentation of Society in Manipur
Authors: Hassan M. Sajjad 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis chapter investigates the dynamics of the exclusivist political mobilization in Manipur. It explores the social basis, aspirations, and interests of the rising middle class in the Imphal Valley. The nature of ‘civil society’ in Manipur is explained. It reveals that the growing imbalance between rising education levels and aspirations, and avenues for gainful employment to satisfy those aspirations has resulted to contests intensifying over economic opportunities. Developments in Manipur's neighbourhoods threatening its territorial integrity further concretized the ethnic basis of making territorial claims. It discusses that the case of Manipur reveals that the tendency towards an ethnic basis of society formation may be enhanced when state power is controlled by external agents. It also represents an extreme example of how internal and external political and social dynamics could work together to create a distinctly ethnic basis for society formation, resulting in fragmentation and conflicts.
5 The Builders
Authors: Singh Balmiki Prasad 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe establishment of British rule brought India in direct contact with Christianity and English education which led to fresh awakening. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the emergence of great rational minds and an enormous urge for freedom characterized the Indian scene. The era, which, in historical terms, commenced with Raja Rammohan Roy of Bengal, heralded a major attitudinal change among the people of India. The unequal society that had been built in India over the ages needed to be changed in favour of equality and giving people a greater say in religious, political, and economic systems. The contribution of three leaders is indeed of great historical value: Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941); Swami Vivekananda (1863–1902); and Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948). Each one grew to become a formidable figure in his sphere of human activity: Gurudev Tagore in literature, Swami Vivekananda in religion, and Mahatma Gandhi in politics.
7 Among People
Authors: Singh Balmiki Prasad 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIndia’s chequered political history and intertwining of religion into the socio-political fabric has imparted an all-pervasive sense of Indianness amidst all the distinct personalities of different communities. The author wanted to test the bahudhā approach within the broad civilizational framework of the Indian people. A forty-day field visit was conducted from 4 January 2005 to 12 February 2005. The visit covered Calicut in Kerala; Kenduli village in West Bengal; Khuntitoli village in Jharkhand; Sarisab-pahi village in Bihar; and Hajo in Assam. The basic objective of this visit was to bring out how the common people in India retain the essence of harmonious living and manage crises and conflicts in everyday life. One notices that democratic culture is widespread and is strengthened by mutual interdependence and culture. The continuous process of dialogue, however, should be continued for national consolidation and harmony.
8 The Culture of Bahudhā
Authors: Singh Balmiki Prasad 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTerrorism and human bombs are the latest instruments in violent conflicts that are being sanctioned in the name of redressal of religious and ethnic grievances. In this context, the need for belief in ‘one truth, many interpretations’ has acquired great relevance in terms of formulation of a widely shared public policy of harmony. In the process of dialogue, this chapter argues that it is essential to have a state of mind where one can strongly believe in one’s own way of looking at issues while simultaneously accommodating another’s point of view. If the principles of non-violence and truth can guide the affairs of each individual and society, this approach can be further strengthened. This chapter examines the nature of conflicts, bahudhā and the major civilizations, and UNESCO’s efforts.
The Trio around Mahatma Gandhi
Authors: Edib Halidé 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
At Mahatma Gandhi's house, the author also met his wife, Kasturbai. She has been a child-wife, a wife, a mother, and the only woman Gandhi has loved in the flesh. Love and respect for her is unanimous throughout India. Aside from Gandhi's wife, his adopted daughter, and his secretary Mahadev Desai, another woman in the household was Miraben. She was an Englishwoman who has imbibed from Gandhi the essential spirit of religion. Those who know her intimately call her a Hindu of Hindus, but to those who look at Hinduism as a labyrinth of castes and believe that only birth can make one a Hindu, she is a stranger. As a disciple of Mahatma Gandhi, Miraben did every chore, from milking the goats to cleaning the house, washing dishes, teaching, and writing.
Peshawar
Authors: Edib Halidé 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In this chapter, the author recounts her visit to Peshawar, which reminded her of the Anatolian high plateau because of the high altitudes. She was to be the guest of the late Abdur Rahman Qureshi's family, and taken care of by Abdur Rahman's youngest sister, Naz-Perver (breeder of grace). However, her real host at Peshawar was Sir Abdul Qayyum, who invited her to come to Peshawar to lecture at the Peshawar College. Abdul Qayyum represented the liberal, constitutional and pro-English side of Peshawar, just as Dr Abdul-Gaffar, the leader of the ‘Red Shirts’, had represented the revolutionary side. Yet what set the Frontier apart from other parts was that no matter for what different, even opposing, currents of thought different individuals might stand, they had a strange oneness in being the children of the Frontier.
Benares
Authors: Edib Halidé 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In this chapter, the author recounts her visit to Benares, where she spent time resting and sight-seeing. She was escorted by Professor Mujeeb and stayed at the house of Dr Bhagavan Das. It was her first time to stay in a Hindu house, and witnessed Dr Bhagavan Das and family live like real Hindus. The author also met Babu Shiva Prasad, a multi-millionaire who lives as a poor Indian and spends his money on helping the older educational institutions or on founding new ones. Prasad thought that if religion separates, it can also unite. So he built a temple in Benares with India's Map as the supreme deity. The author's itinerary also included a visit to Benares Hindu University and to a kindergarten of Montessori type. She saw a temple dedicated to Vishnu, the largest in Benares, and met Abdul Majid, a Muslim notable.
The Hindi Public Sphere 1920–1940
Authors: Orsini Francesca 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis book analyses how a language became the instrument with which the contours of a new nation were traced. Mapping the success of formalized Hindi in creating a regional public sphere in north India in the early twentieth century, the book explores the way many educated Indians, influenced by the British ideas and institutions, expressed interest in new concepts such as progress, unity, and a common cultural heritage. From the development of new codes and institutions to a language that helped to create space for argument and debate, the book gives an overview of the Hindi public sphere. Furthermore, it throws light on the work of Vasudha Dalmia about the nascent Hindi public sphere and brings to light how early twentieth-century discourses on language, literature, gender, history, and politics form the core of the Hindi culture that exists today.
Understanding Economic Growth
Authors: Balakrishnan Pulapre 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis chapter provides a critical exposition of some prominent theoretical representations of growth and a historical perspective on its drivers. Among the former, two are taken up: the neo-classical approach based on the idea of a production function and the methodology of ‘growth accounting’ which derives from it, and the one based on the idea of growth as endogenous cumulative change. It is argued that growth accounting is not only a non-starter as an explanation — for an explanation is more than accounting — but also potentially misleading as it is based on some questionable assumptions. The vision of growth through ‘circular and cumulative causation’ in a market economy is taken up next. In this representation, growth in the system is seen as being, at the same time, an impulse to further growth and a response to the impulse. The second part of the chapter attempts to isolate the main drivers of growth in a cross-country historical comparison.
Second Wind, 1965–91
Authors: Balakrishnan Pulapre 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis chapter examines the economic growth in India for the period 1950–64. What is distinctive about this period is that while the policy regime had remained more or less unchanged, the rate of growth of the economy accelerated. Economic growth is explained in terms of the wider impact of the Green Revolution. Initiated with renewed vigour in the mid-1960s, this intervention not only increased the rate of growth of agriculture, notably food production, but energized the rest of the economy via forward and backward linkages. This account was validated in an econometric investigation of inter-sectoral growth relations prior to and inclusive of the transition date.
MULTOVL: fast multiple overlaps of genomic regions
Authors: Aszódi András 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Summary: We present the MULTOVL application suite that detects and statistically analyses multiple overlaps of genomic regions in a fast and efficient manner. The package supports the detection of multiple region intersections, unions and ‘solitary’ genomic regions. The significance of actually observed overlaps is estimated by comparing them with empirical null distributions generated by random shuffling of the input regions.
Availability and implementation: Source code and binaries are downloadable from: http://www.csf.ac.at/facilities/scc/tools.
Contact: andras.aszodi@csf.ac.at
SortMeRNA: fast and accurate filtering of ribosomal RNAs in metatranscriptomic data
Authors: Kopylova Evguenia , Noé Laurent , Touzet Hélène 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Motivation: The application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies to RNAs directly extracted from a community of organisms yields a mixture of fragments characterizing both coding and non-coding types of RNAs. The task to distinguish among these and to further categorize the families of messenger RNAs and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) is an important step for examining gene expression patterns of an interactive environment and the phylogenetic classification of the constituting species.
Results: We present SortMeRNA, a new software designed to rapidly filter rRNA fragments from metatranscriptomic data. It is capable of handling large sets of reads and sorting out all fragments matching to the rRNA database with high sensitivity and low running time.
Availability: http://bioinfo.lifl.fr/RNA/sortmerna
Contact: evguenia.kopylova@lifl.fr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Clinical Outcomes and Radiologic Changes After Microsurgical Bilateral Decompression by a Unilateral Approach in Patients With Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and Grade I Degenerative Spondylolisthesis With a Minimum 3-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Jang Jun-Won , Park Jin-Hun , Hyun Seung-Jae , Rhim Seung-Chul 
Published: October 2012

Study Design:
A retrospective study.

Objective:
To analyze the clinical outcomes and radiologic changes after microsurgical bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS).

Summary of Background Data:
Satisfactory short-term results have been observed after minimally invasive decompressive procedures, but intermediate-term and long-term outcomes have not been assessed. It is not yet clear whether decompressive laminectomy with concomitant fusion is the optimal surgical treatment for spinal stenosis combined with mild DS. We, therefore, evaluated minimum 3-year clinical outcomes and radiologic changes in patients with LSS and grade 1 DS, who underwent microsurgical bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach, without fusion.

Methods:
We assessed 21 consecutive patients who underwent surgery conducted by a single surgeon of our hospital, between 2005 and 2007. The Oswestry Disability Index was determined preoperatively, just before discharge, and at last follow-up. Plain dynamic x-rays were used to determine slip percentages.

Results:
Average patient age and clinical and radiologic follow-up periods were 67 years, 49.3 months, and 18 months, respectively. Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and last follow-up average Oswestry Disability Indices were 59.52±9.00, 50.19±7.23, and 26.19±12.42, respectively. However, 1 patient experienced aggravated symptoms and later underwent a fusion procedure. Of the 22 levels with spondylolisthesis, 15 had no sagittal motion as the difference in slip percentage on dynamic x-rays, but 7 showed sagittal motion. Average slip percentages increased from 13.90±5.41% to 14.60±5.78% for levels without sagittal motion on dynamic x-ray, and from 13.12±3.48% to 18.58±4.55% for levels with sagittal motion.

Conclusions:
Despite small case series with retrospective design and the absence of a control group, our study suggests that bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach in patients with LSS and grade 1 DS showed good mid-term clinical outcomes, despite an increase in slip percentage.
However, more marked increases in slippage were observed in patients with sagittal motion in spondylolisthesis levels on preoperative dynamic x-ray, than in patients without sagittal motion. Therefore, bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach can aggravate symptoms related to instability in patients with preoperative sagittal motion on dynamic x-ray, and needs a longer term follow-up than in our study.
Chinese S&T parks: the emergence of a new model
Authors: Jolly Dominique , Zhu Fuquan 
Published: October 2012

PurposeChinese S&T parks are one component of the Chinese system of innovation which has emerged over the last 20 years; they are not simply a copy‐paste of the American model. This paper aims to focus on this topic.Design/methodology/approachDevelopments were inferred from an extensive literature review (in English, in Chinese and in French) that was completed by an archive research as well as interviews of heads of Chinese S&T parks.FindingsSix features make Chinese S&T parks different from what can be found elsewhere in the world: the Chinese people have the willingness to restore previous glory and share of the world economy; the Chinese government apparatus acts as the driving force with an overpowering impact; there are very few foreign companies in Chinese S&T parks – making those parks mostly inhabited by Chinese companies, but returnees play a significant role; an astonishing scale when benchmarked to European references; the greening of business has emerged as a new and powerful driver; and an evolutionary process is leading to the transformation of China into an innovative country.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper stands more as an essay reflecting the authors' understanding of the Chinese situation and, as such, it may be subjectively biased.Practical implicationsAs Western managers are now considering China as a possible place to carry R&D, this paper helps them to get a better understanding of the features of the specific locations where they might implement their R&D labs.Originality/valueThe emergence of China as a technological country is a recent phenomenon. The authors have identified no such analysis in the published literature.
Using a business game concept to enhance servitization: a longitudinal case study
Authors: Laine Teemu , Paranko Jari , Suomala Petri 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the potential benefits of a business game on customers’ business in enhancing servitization. The concept is proposed to be helpful in the phases of defining the servitization initiative and gaining shared understanding about it at a manufacturer.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a longitudinal case study at a manufacturer (2003‐2008), with a focus on the business game concept on customers’ business. The researchers and approximately 140 company representatives contributed to both early and later phases of the development of the concept.FindingsThe business game concept appeared to serve the purpose of generating and sharing ideas about the customers’ business and the desired role of the OEM in it, as a potential outcome of servitization. The concept synthesizes the previously fragmented customer awareness across the business units and provides useful information for various stakeholders. The presence of personnel across the different business units and from a key customer company in the game events enabled new types of discussion related to the servitization initiative.Research limitations/implicationsThe concept presented in this paper represents a potential tool for enhancing a servitization initiative. Due to the limitations of the case, the findings are tentative and primarily transferrable to contexts where a manufacturer provides machinery for industrial production. Moreover, the ability of the concept to capture real‐life customer values is critical for success and thus should be carefully examined.Originality/valueThe case study enables an in‐depth view of the phenomena under examination. Moreover, due to the researchers’ interventions in developing and using the concept, they observed actual processes of overcoming the challenges of servitization.
CSR in corporate self‐storying – legitimacy as a question of differentiation and conformity
Authors: Susanne Johansen Trine , Ellerup Nielsen Anne 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address corporte social responsibility (CSR) as a form of corporate self‐storying that highlights isomorphic processes influencing legitimacy as a key organisational concern.Design/methodology/approachHaving constructed a theoretical framework incorporating CSR and corporate identity literature, the paper draws on a discourse perspective to analyse the legitimation strategies applied by a single organisation storying its CSR involvement. The strategies are subsequently addressed in relation to isomorphic discourses of legitimacy.FindingsThe analysis supports the view that corporate self‐storying of CSR balances between the needs for differentiation and conformity. Organisations thus navigate between the value associated with compliance with societal norms and expectations and the value of promoting organisational uniqueness.Research limitations/implicationsInstitutional processes result in isomorphic organisational practices also in relation to legitimacy reflected in the storying of CSR involvement. However, this study implies that isomorphism also offers organisations opportunities to stand out.Originality/valueThe contribution of the paper is twofold. First, it articulates a framework for addressing CSR communication as a form of corporate self‐storying that is embedded in a differentiation/conformity paradox. Second, it explores how an organisation's extended responsibility – i.e. responsibility for supplier practices – is storied in a way that suggests that addressing legitimacy is a question of navigating the paradox.