bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PMI: mortgage backstop from the Alger Report to Dodd-Frank
Authors: Neidermeyer Adolph , E. Boyd Naomi , Neidermeyer Presha 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical perspective and going-forward assessment of the importance of private mortgage insurance (PMI) entities in the residential-lending landscape in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
– Financial data from the PMI entities and federal income tax data were analyzed to comment on the importance of the PMI entities in the historical and current mortgage-lending environment.

Findings
– PMI entities played a critical role in expanding the population of mortgage candidates for financial institutions. Through the guarantees offered by PMI entities, financial institutions granted loans to individuals who otherwise would not have qualified for mortgages.

Originality/value
– No prior research has assessed the overall historical role played by these primary PMI entities.
Stock price discreteness and clustering: decimals and ordered probit model
Authors: Kim Haksoon 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to revisit the ordered probit model of Hausman et al. after the NYSE decimalization.

Design/methodology/approach
– The changed ordered probit model.

Findings
– The model can somewhat capture the different impact of trading-related “explanatory” variables on price changes among three different decimals but does not explain much about price discreteness and irregular transaction intervals among the existing models of stock price discreteness. Overall 1/16th and 1/24th range of the dependent variable is better explained by trading-related explanatory variables than 1/8th range of the dependent variable for small firms and there is not much difference in large firms among three decimals. The results imply that finer specification in decimalization and smaller firm size matters in trading after the decimalization project.

Originality/value
– First paper to revisit the ordered probit model of Hausman et al. after the NYSE decimalization.
The influences of sales compensations, management stringency and ethical evaluations on product recommendations made by insurance brokers
Authors: Tseng Lu-Ming , Kang Yue-Min 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the impacts of the size and timing of sales compensations, the management stringency of the insurer and the insurance broker's own moral views on product recommendations made by the brokers.Design/methodology/approach– The data used in this research were gathered from life insurance broker companies in Taiwan.Findings– The results showed that the sales compensations, perceived leniency of the insurer's underwriting and claim policy would affect the product recommendations made by the brokers.Practical implications– Insurance brokers are one of the most important marketing channels in the insurance industry. However, using the insurance brokers to sell insurance may result in some ethical problems. For example, some insurance brokers may sell insurance to high-risk customers because the high-risk customers may prefer to buy more insurance and that means more sales compensations can be earned. The findings of this research may have some implications for insurance management and insurance regulation.Originality/value– This study contributes to the understanding of insurance brokers' responses to adverse selection problems (high-risk customers may prefer to buy more insurance) and product recommendation decisions. The issue has been less mentioned in the financial regulation literature.
Cross-cultural comparison of cultural mythologies and leadership patterns
Authors: J. Wong-MingJi Diana , H. Kessler Eric , E. Khilji Shaista , Gopalakrishnan Shanthi 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore leadership styles and patterns in India, Indonesia, Pakistan, and the USA in order to contribute to a greater understanding of global leadership.Design/methodology/approach– The paper uses cultural mythologies as a lens (Kessler and Wong-MingJi, 2009a) to extract the most favored leadership traits within selected countries. In doing so, the paper explores historical trajectories and core values of each country to identify their distinctive characteristics. Additionally, leadership styles of well-known business leaders in each culture are examined to develop a comparative discussion of global leadership patterns and styles.Findings– The paper finds that leaders may share same characteristics across countries, however, their behavioral expressions tend to unfold differently within each context. The paper argues that without context, meanings embedded in cultural mythologies and behaviors often become lost. The paper concludes that a comparative analysis of selected countries reveals a more complex and rich array of cultural meanings, thus offering support to a contextual view of leadership.Research limitations/implications– Examination of cultural mythologies on leadership makes important theoretical contributions by illustrating that cultural mythologies indeed shape the values, behaviors, and attitudes of global leaders, and provide three important functions that are identified as: cultural bridging, meaning making, and contextual nuancing.Practical implications– Understanding comparative leadership patterns is critical in international business. The paper offers cultural mythologies as a tool for leaders who seek to cross-cultural boundaries in developing long term and high-quality productive international business relationships.Originality/value– The value of the study lies in developing a comparative analysis of leadership patterns in three Southeast Asian countries and the USA with the help of cultural mythologies. The paper urges that scholars to move beyond quantification of cultural dimensions to a more contextualized understanding of leadership.
iPRIMED's learning approach: preparing the next generation of learners and leaders
Authors: Matthews Candice , E. Khilji Shaista 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to highlight the perspective of Navin Kumar, founder and CEO of iPRIMED, a workforce development company in India. The paper explores core adult learning concepts to focus upon iPRIMED's approach to training the next generation of learners and leaders. This is an important topic because India is faced with talent shortages and organizations there have been experiencing difficulties in recruiting employees who have been adequately trained to lead complex projects (The Economist, 2007; Khilji, 2012).

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper was based on a structured interview with Navin Kumar and informed by adult learning literature.

Findings
– The perspective of a South Asian leader in today's globalized environment indicates that experiential and transformational learning is important in educating the next generation of learners and leaders. If successful and sustained, it can have a huge impact on India, South Asia and the global community. By incorporating adult learning concepts, iPRIMED is considering the whole learner with the hopes of developing skilled people for the world's employers.

Originality/value
– Khilji (2012) has argued that economic development of South Asia is truly dependent upon its ability to engage in human development priorities and ensure its younger generation is educated and capable enough for meeting needs of the global economy. This paper provides example of one skill-strengthening organization in India that has taken on the challenge of adequately preparing next generation of leaders for the global environment. The paper describes iPRIMED's learning-based approach that may be very unique in the Indian context.
Human aspects of interdisciplinary research
Authors: E. Khilji Shaista 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– Based upon the argument that the primary characteristic of successful interdisciplinary research lies in human behavior and action (Brunet al., 2007 as cited in Buller, 2008), the purpose of this paper is to offer a view on human aspects of interdisciplinary research.Findings– The paper presents interdisciplinary research as an overlapping process of collective human interactions, consisting of group composition, conceptualization, integration and contribution. Conceptualization and integration processes are particularly important for knowledge exchange and creation as individuals learn to translate, articulate, relate and relocate their original disciplinary positions (Buller, 2008). Further, the paper argues that interdisciplinarity can be enhanced through appropriate group mechanisms and practices; and successful interdisciplinary research also translates into individual (and group) learning and capability development, in addition to knowledge creation.Research limitations/implications– Interdisciplinary research is important for IB scholars to stay relevant in today's complex environment (Chenget al., 2009). Since the South Asian region represents extreme contrast and paradoxes, interdisciplinary research could prove particularly valuable in exploring contradictions there (Khilji, 2012).Originality/value– The value of this perspective is in describing interdisciplinary research as a boundary-spanning experience for researchers in that it facilitates creation of new insights and allows them to transcend their original discipline. However, interdisciplinarity itself is not automatic, but must be collectively managed through appropriate group mechanisms and practices (Buller, 2008; Haythornthwaite, 2006).
Hospitality education: sustainable empowerment opportunities for Nigerian women
Authors: Nwosu Belinda 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to explore sustainable tourism initiatives, particularly by identifying the extent to which hospitality education has empowered Nigerian female graduates in their professional and economic circumstances.

Design/methodology/approach
– The scope is limited to graduates from an all-female institution offering tertiary-level programmes in hospitality, using the survey method.

Findings
– The paper shows significant relationships between level of educational attainment, type of employment engaged in, and the range of income of hospitality graduates.

Research limitations/implications
– A limitation to this study is the relatively small size of the sample (300) and subsequent number of respondents (80).

Practical implications
– The implications follow through from the potential strategies identified in the study that may be adopted by the tourism industry for achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the principles of the UN Global Compact particularly in the promotion of sustainable initiatives for women through hospitality education.

Originality/value
– Gender and empowerment in tourism has been researched extensively from a commercial standpoint. However, this paper address the gap in the literature as it relates to specialised hospitality education as a contributory factor in the empowerment of women.
A study of consumer preferences regarding agritourism in Kazakhstan
Authors: Seitbattalovna Kenebayeva Ainur 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to investigate Kazakh rural and urban consumers' preferences for different agritourism experiences.

Design/methodology/approach
– The empirical study adopts a survey data-based approach relying on a questionnaire data collection technique.

Findings
– The paper highlights significant differences and similarities in the structure of individual preferences of urban and rural customer segments regarding different agritourism offerings.

Research limitations/implications
– The research is limited by the sample, which covers only two consumer segments presented in the Kazakhstan context. The paper provides managerial implications for agritourism service providers, who are doing or planning to start entrepreneurial activities in rural areas, marketing researchers focusing on product development, and policy makers working out regional development strategies through implementation of tourism stimulating projects.

Originality/value
– This study contributes to the advancement of the limited research investigating customer experience theory as applied to agritourism.
Successful implementation of responsible business practice
Authors: Brookes Maureen , Altinay Levent , Ringham Kate 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The main aim of this paper is to critically review the contribution made by this theme issue to the literature by examining the implementation of responsible business practice.

Design/methodology/approach
– Based on the theme issue, a critical content analysis of the papers selected for the issue was undertaken.

Findings
– The summary paper generally highlights the themes emerging from the papers selected for this issue. These are the socio-economic and cultural barriers to implementation, conditions needed for successful implementation and the role of education in the implementation of responsible business practice.

Research limitations/implications
– The hospitality and tourism enterprises considered in this theme issue operate in a range of contexts and offer a range of practice. Other enterprises in other contexts may also provide insights to the implementation of responsible business practice.

Originality/value
– The current theme issue explores emerging issues in the implementation of responsible business practice which highlights the need for further research in this area.
A survey of social entrepreneurial community-based hospitality and tourism initiatives in developing economies
Authors: Sloan Philip , Legrand Willy , Simons-Kaufmann Claudia 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– The aim of this paper is to report on preliminary research conducted in seven sustainable hospitality and tourism operations set in developing economies which use the principles of social entrepreneurship. The applicability of community-based social entrepreneurial management systems as a means of fostering socio-economic development is analysed.Design/methodology/approach– Online contacts were first made with the selected destinations, who were asked to supply written reports on selected criteria. Purposive sampling was employed, whereby the criteria chosen for analysis were based on characteristics believed to be representative. Analysis of the reports was based on the meaning of words, in particular, in finding commonalities and differences in themes approached by each respondent.Findings– Preliminary conclusions show that the positive effects of employing local indigenous people in these projects far outweigh some negative aspects. Employment possibilities leading to improved living standards have resulted in each case. Local cultural traditions have been maintained and only in a few cases were examples of the negative effects of tourism reported.Research limitations/implications– The findings of this research are limited to a small selection of community-based social entrepreneurial hospitality and tourism projects in developing economies, thus, cannot be applied to similar projects in developed economies, where social and economic factors are considerably different.Originality/value– In developing economies, social entrepreneurs can draw on the success of the projects analysed in this paper for the creation of new, similar ventures. In developed economies, hospitality and tourism businesses wishing to pursue a more socially caring form of development can gain inspiration.
Intergenerational study: mirrors as a tool for self-reflection
Authors: Ridley Susan 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– This qualitative study was an exploration on the process of self-reflection on identity. The purpose of this paper is to see how mirrors could be used as a therapeutic tool and a meta-physical bridge to one's inner consciousness.

Design/methodology/approach
– An intergenerational expressive arts group (n=12) was organized around the question of identity. Following an open-discussion around the topic of identity, participants were asked to decorate a mirror with words, images, and/or symbols while reflecting on the question, “Who am I?” A post-session interview was conducted regarding participant's experiences during the creative process.

Findings
– The results indicated that mirrors can be used to connect to one's inner thoughts and feelings on the question of identity. Three core themes in the process of self-reflection on identity were revealed which included introspection and self-concern, connection and attachment to something or someone other than self, and taking action to help others.

Research limitations/implications
– This study was limited not only in size, but also in cultural diversity and disparity of age range. Although this study was limited, it provided a useful indicator for identifying core themes in the process of self-reflection on identity.

Originality/value
– While there have been no studies on the therapeutic use of mirrors as a tool for self-reflection and limited intergenerational studies with pre-adolescent and adolescent students and older adults, results from this study will add to the body of expressive arts literature by providing a new metaphor for mirrors as a therapeutic tool for self-reflection on identity.
Aging in urban Japan – intergenerational reading in Tokyo
Authors: Maleen Bachmann Inger 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to introduce a volunteer network from the Tokyo Metropolitan area that addresses the urge for senior citizens to stay mentally active and provide a possibility for them to participate in intergenerational contact as to feel included and useful to society.Design/methodology/approach– The research derives from literature review, local government documents and online presentation as well as an interview that has been conducted by the Tokyo senior information site.Findings– The REPRINTS (Research of Productivity by Intergenerational Sympathy) network in Tokyo is but one answer that combines a mentally challenging activity with intergenerational contact. The network presents an easy to reach and easy to implement diversion for schools to enable children to experience the traditional form of storytelling and help senior citizens to feel challenged and needed.Practical implications– Learning from the experience of the REPRINTS network could help to set up similar activities in other communities that deal with the same problems and are seeking ways to include senior citizens, help them stay active and useful for the community and encourage intergenerational contact.Originality/value– Japan is one of the forerunners when it comes to aging population. Yet, most research still focusses on the challenges, care and especially problems that occur in dying rural areas. This paper instead tries to take a more positive look to the future and concentrates on urban life and its context.
Creative approaches to working with older people in the public realm
Authors: Baker Daniel 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to illustrate practical examples of arts projects that have successfully engaged older people in the public realm and to stimulate debate and provide practical insights for the arts, planning and social care sectors.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper presents research gathered during an international fellowship supported by the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust to the USA, New Zealand and Australia. A selection of the projects researched are included, to illustrate three key approaches to working creatively with older people in the public realm: engaging older people in creative retelling of public histories; enabling older people to become individual artists in the public eye; creating performances by and with older people in the public realm.

Findings
– The paper finds that the arts can offer a range of practical methods for engaging older people in the public realm which have a number of potential outcomes: increasing their visibility in public life; increasing their active role in communities; and exploring important questions about the public realm and ageing.

Practical implications
– Older people can be “invisible” and feel threatened in public life and the public realm, however, arts projects can offer a number of ways to increase their visibility and agency in public spaces and services, particularly through enabling and supporting their creative expression and foregrounding communication and collaboration.

Originality/value
– The paper illustrates a number of key projects from the first major international research project into creative interventions involving older people in the public realm.
Bring on the health economists: time for a rigorous evaluation of senior participative arts
Authors: Chapwell Clair 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– As our elderly population increases, scheduled to rise by 61 per cent in the next 20 years, a national panic has set in about what to do. Antidepressant use is on the rise, and the figures for loneliness and depression skyrocketing. So far, so normal and so very disheartening. The purpose of this paper is to make a radical plea to change our thinking about how the lives of our senior citizens are lived: bring on the health economists, and let us put some serious funding into studying the effects of participative arts on the lives of older people.

Design/methodology/approach
– This year the author was awarded a Winston Churchill Fellowship to study participative arts for older people in the USA. The author interviewed Professor Julene Johnson of University of California San Francisco, about “Community of Voices” an ambitious, well-funded five year programme which is launching 12 one-year choirs with low income, non-singers, after which findings will be rigorously tested.

Findings
– In the USA, proper evaluation of participative arts is being taken seriously as a means of whittling down massive Medicare costs. There is evaluation going on in the UK, but much of it is flawed, usually down to cost. Evaluations generally consist of questionnaires filled in by participants. Findings centre around the psychological arena, rather than physical aspects (balance, hospital visits).

Originality/value
– It is imperative that one starts thinking about participative arts for seniors in a scientific and serious way. The alternative – roomfuls of elders on antidepressants (the UK's antidepressant use was up 23 per cent between 2010 and 2011) does not bear thinking about.