bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ceftriaxone-resistant viridans streptococci bacteraemia among patients treated at a large comprehensive cancer care centre: a retrospective eighteen-year study
Authors: Marsland Paula , Jain Rupali , Tverdek Frank , Hendrie Paul , Liu Catherine , Pergam Steven A , Bourassa Lori 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Viridans streptococci (VS) are opportunistic oral commensals and a common cause of bacteraemia in neutropenic patients. In this retrospective single centre cohort study, we investigated the prevalence of ceftriaxone resistance in VS (CRO-R VS) blood isolates between January 2005 and December 2022 from patients treated at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods
Blood culture isolates were identified using biochemicals and mass spectrometry. Susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby–Bauer and Epsilometer tests. Demographic data, clinical outcomes and antimicrobial use were assessed through electronic medical record review.

Results
Among 791 patients with VS bacteraemia, 31 (4%) had confirmed CRO-R VS bacteraemia over the 18-year period; 20/31 (65%) were patients also treated at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and were the focus of this study. Of these 20 patients, 18 (90%) had a known haematologic malignancy; 14 (70%) had undergone haematopoietic cell transplant (HCT); 18 (90%) were neutropenic at the time of culture. Two (10%) patients died within 30 days of CRO-R VS bacteraemia. All the CRO-R isolates (20/20) were members of the Streptococcus mitis group, 12 were multi-drug resistant; all were susceptible to vancomycin. Most patients received vancomycin once blood cultures were positive for a Gram-positive organism.

Conclusions
During the study period, the frequency of VS isolate susceptibility testing increased; however, there was no concomitant increase in the percentage of CRO-R isolates at our facility. These data are important in an era where cefepime monotherapy is often used and reinforces the importance of routine resistance testing among VS bacteraemia.
Elucidating the potential role of microorganisms in postmortem biotransformation: a comparison of clonazolam and its metabolite in postmortem and DUID cases
Authors: Casey Brittany K , Papsun Donna M , Mudd Anna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Clonazolam is a designer triazolobenzodiazepine first synthesized in 1971 and is primarily used for its anxiolytic and sedative effects. It became a drug of misuse in 2012 and is known for its high potency and long duration of effect. Previous studies of nitrobenzodiazepines, such as nitrazepam, clonazepam, and flunitrazepam, as well as their metabolites, have demonstrated that bacterial species native to the gastrointestinal tract and active during postmortem (PM) decomposition are capable of affecting positivity and compound-to-metabolite ratios. Further studies have not been performed with clonazolam; however, it possesses the nitro functional group necessary for this biotransformation. To understand whether clonazolam may be similarly affected, PM cases (n = 288) and driving under the influence of drugs (DUID, n = 54) cases, positive for 8-aminoclonazolam reported by NMS Laboratories from 2020 to 2023, were selected for inclusion in this study. Concentrations of clonazolam and 8-aminoclonazolam were evaluated, and concurrent identification of parent drugs and their metabolites occurred less frequently in PM cases (n = 1, 0.30% of cases) than in DUID cases (n = 21, 38% of cases). The clonazolam concentration in one PM case was 13 ng/mL. In DUID cases, the median clonazolam concentration was 4.0 ng/mL and ranged from 2.0 to 10 ng/mL. 8-Aminoclonazolam had median concentrations of 13 and 19 ng/mL, with ranges 2.0–580 and 2.8–59 ng/mL for PM and DUID cases, respectively. Due to the ever-changing landscape of the designer benzodiazepine market, in vitro studies of PM microbial biotransformation of clonazolam are unavailable. The data reported herein provide valuable information in the absence of such studies and represent an alternative method of investigating this phenomenon as a potential cause of parent nitrobenzodiazepine to metabolite conversion.
A Review on Traditional Medicine Used for Burn Treatment
Authors: Hoveidamanesh Soodabeh , Irilouzadian Rana , Bagheri Tooran , Saboury Mahdy , Fahimi Tafreshi Shirin , Ghadimi Tayyeb , Soleimanpour Samira , Sanaienia Mohammad , Farokh Forghani Siamak 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Considering the high consumption of and preference for traditional treatments among people and the lack of enough studies on the effectiveness of these treatments, we aimed to review articles on the use of traditional and complementary medicine, focusing on how they affect healing, debridement, and hypertrophic scars. In this study, we conducted the literature search in international databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, as well as Persian databases Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, Iranmedex, and IranDoc. Retrieved hits were reviewed by three authors for screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the screening process is expressed as Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework flow chart. Twenty-two studies were included. The evaluated outcomes were wound healing in 19, pain control in 5, itching in 4, and scar appearance in 2 studies. All of the studies showed equal or improved effects compared to common treatments. Aloe vera, Centella asiatica, and Arnebia euchroma were the most common plants. We revealed that traditional medicine is beneficial in burn wound treatment. The diversity in ingredients that are used in traditional medicine brings up the need for further controlled prospective studies to evaluate the precise superiority of these treatments compared to standard care.
Targeted Sanctions as a Pathway to Accountability
Authors: Hamilton Tomas , Lucas Natalie , Prezanti Alex , Smith Megan , Strayer Amanda 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The growth of ‘Magnitsky-style’ targeted sanctions has ushered in a new chapter in the history of sanctions practice that places civil society actors in an increasingly empowered position. The development of new legal and policy frameworks in several jurisdictions, led by the USA, has formalized an active role for civil society in governments’ sanction designation processes. By creating a legal framework for civil society engagement, the US Magnitsky laws enshrined the importance of civil society as a source of evidence on human rights and corruption issues into law. This article draws on the experience and observations of, and interviews with, sanctions practitioners who have witnessed the increasing role that civil society is taking in Magnitsky-style sanctions. The article begins by asking why civil society engages with targeted sanctions, before examining the legal and policy frameworks through which civil society actors engage with governments. It looks at five jurisdictions where civil society is taking an active role, the USA, UK, European Union, Canada, and Australia. The article describes the emergence of ‘sanctions clearing houses’ — organizations that act as intermediaries between global civil society and the governments with which they are trying to engage. The article considers present civil society perspectives on current barriers to engagement with sanctions regimes and concludes by emphasizing the importance of civil society engagement in this area, providing recommendations to foster this engagement.
Machine learning and deep learning tools for the automated capture of cancer surveillance data
Authors: Hsu Elizabeth , Hanson Heidi , Coyle Linda , Stevens Jennifer , Tourassi Georgia , Penberthy Lynne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The National Cancer Institute and the Department of Energy strategic partnership applies advanced computing and predictive machine learning and deep learning models to automate the capture of information from unstructured clinical text for inclusion in cancer registries. Applications include extraction of key data elements from pathology reports, determination of whether a pathology or radiology report is related to cancer, extraction of relevant biomarker information, and identification of recurrence. With the growing complexity of cancer diagnosis and treatment, capturing essential information with purely manual methods is increasingly difficult. These new methods for applying advanced computational capabilities to automate data extraction represent an opportunity to close critical information gaps and create a nimble, flexible platform on which new information sources, such as genomics, can be added. This will ultimately provide a deeper understanding of the drivers of cancer and outcomes in the population and increase the timeliness of reporting. These advances will enable better understanding of how real-world patients are treated and the outcomes associated with those treatments in the context of our complex medical and social environment.
The SEER Program’s evolution: supporting clinically meaningful population-level research
Authors: Penberthy Lynne , Friedman Steven 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program has maintained high standards of quality and completeness, the traditional data captured through population-based cancer surveillance are no longer sufficient to understand the impact of cancer and its outcomes. Therefore, in recent years, the SEER Program has expanded the population it covers and enhanced the types of data that are being collected. Traditionally, surveillance systems collected data characterizing the patient and their cancer at the time of diagnosis, as well as limited information on the initial course of therapy. SEER performs active follow-up on cancer patients from diagnosis until death, ascertaining critical information on mortality and survival over time. With the growth of precision oncology and rapid development and dissemination of new diagnostics and treatments, the limited data that registries have traditionally captured around the time of diagnosis—although useful for characterizing the cancer—are insufficient for understanding why similar patients may have different outcomes. The molecular composition of the tumor and genetic factors such as BRCA status affect the patient’s treatment response and outcomes. Capturing and stratifying by these critical risk factors are essential if we are to understand differences in outcomes among patients who may be demographically similar, have the same cancer, be diagnosed at the same stage, and receive the same treatment. In addition to the tumor characteristics, it is essential to understand all the therapies that a patient receives over time, not only for the initial treatment period but also if the cancer recurs or progresses. Capturing this subsequent therapy is critical not only for research but also to help patients understand their risk at the time of therapeutic decision making. This article serves as an introduction and foundation for a JNCI Monograph with specific articles focusing on innovative new methods and processes implemented or under development for the SEER Program. The following sections describe the need to evaluate the SEER Program and provide a summary or introduction of those key enhancements that have been or are in the process of being implemented for SEER.
Real-world lessons: combining cancer registry and retail pharmacy data for oral cancer drugs
Authors: Howlader Nadia , Lund Jennifer L , Enewold Lindsey , Stevens Jennifer , McNeel Timothy , Rivera Donna , Mariotto Angela , Cronin Kathleen A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Recent cancer care advances have introduced new oral therapies, and yet population registries lack detailed treatment data, hampering investigations into therapy uptake, adherence, and outcomes.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the representativeness and completeness of linking Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry data with data from two major retail pharmacy chains, collectively covering a large segment of the US market.

Methods
A deterministic data linkage between 11 SEER cancer registries and retail pharmacy data (excluding mail order fills) was conducted for individuals diagnosed with selected cancers from 2013 to 2017, with follow-up through 2019. Descriptive characteristics of the linked and unlinked populations were examined. In a selected subcohort of older women (aged ≥65) with first and only primary breast cancer who had Medicare Part D claims for tamoxifen, we further validated the linkage using Medicare Part D event data as the reference standard.

Results
Among 758 068 eligible individuals, only 6.4% were linked to CVS/Walgreens data; the linkage percentage varied by age, sex, race, ethnicity, registry, and cancer type. Within the subcohort of 5963 older women with breast cancer and a claim for tamoxifen in Part D data, 25% were identified as tamoxifen users in retail pharmacy data. Out of these 1490 women, 749 (50.3%) had complete longitudinal tamoxifen dispensing information from retail pharmacy data.

Conclusion
Retail pharmacy data show promise in identifying oral anticancer treatments, enhancing SEER registry efforts, but they require further validation. We propose an evaluation framework, sharing insights and potential use cases for this resource.
Description of census-tract–level social determinants of health in cancer surveillance data
Authors: Bhattacharya Manami , Cronin Kathleen A , Farrigan Tracey L , Kennedy Amy E , Yu Mandi , Srinivasan Shobha 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Disparities in cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, and mortality persist by race, ethnicity, and many other social determinants, such as census-tract–level socioeconomic status (SES), poverty, and rurality. Census-tract–level measures of these determinants are useful for analyzing trends in cancer disparities.

Methods
The purpose of this paper was to demonstrate the availability of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program’s specialized census-tract–level dataset and provide basic descriptive cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, and survival for 8 cancer sites, which can be screened regularly or associated with infectious agents. We present these analyses according to several census-tract–level measures, including the newly available persistent poverty as well as SES quintile, rurality, and race and ethnicity.

Results
Census tracts with persistent poverty and low SES had higher cancer incidence rates (except for breast and prostate cancer), higher percentages of cases diagnosed with regional or distant-stage disease, and lower survival than non–persistent-poverty and higher-SES tracts. Outcomes varied by cancer site when analyzing based on rurality as well as race and ethnicity. Analyses stratified by multiple determinants showed unique patterns of outcomes, which bear further investigation.

Conclusions
This article introduces the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results specialized dataset, which contains census-tract–level social determinants measures, including persistent poverty, rurality, SES quintile, and race and ethnicity. We demonstrate the capacity of these variables for use in producing trends and analyses focusing on cancer health disparities. Analyses may inform interventions and policy changes that improve cancer outcomes among populations living in disadvantaged areas, such as persistent-poverty tracts.
History of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program
Authors: Friedman Steve , Negoita Serban 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program established in 1973 was the first laboratory for experimenting with new methods for cancer data collection and translating the data into population-based cancer statistics. The SEER Program staff have been instrumental in the development of the International Classification of Disease-Oncology and successfully implemented the routine collection of anatomic and prognostic cancer stage at diagnosis. Currently the program consists of 21 central registries that generate cancer statistics covering more than 48% of the US population and an additional 10 research support registries contributing to certain research projects, such as the National Childhood Cancer Registry.
In parallel with the geographical expansion, the program built an architecture of methods and tools for population-based cancer statistics, with SEER*Explorer as the most recent online tool for descriptive statistics. In addition, SEER releases annual updates for a comprehensive data product line, which includes SEER*Stat databases with an annual caseload of more than 800 000 incident cases. Furthermore, the program developed a full suite of analytical applications for population-based cancer statistics that include Joinpoint (regression-based trend analysis), DevCan (risk of diagnosis and death), CanSurv (survival models), and ComPrev and PrejPrev (cancer prevalence), among others.
The future of the SEER Program is closely aligned to the overall goals of the “war on cancer.” The program aims to release longitudinal treatment data coupled with a comprehensive genomic characterization of cancers with a declared goal of decreasing the cancer burden and disparities across a wide spectrum of diseases and communities.
Adult ileo-ileal intussusception caused by inflammatory fibroid polyp leading to small bowel obstruction: a case report with comprehensive literature review
Authors: Devkota Shritik , Rathi Hritika , Qadri Arshid Iqbal , Lamichhane Samiksha , Jain Nidhi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ileo-ileal intussusception, an infrequent cause of small bowel obstruction in adults, can be initiated by inflammatory fibroid polyps. These are uncommon, benign submucosal lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. This case report explores an adult patient with inflammatory fibroid polyps-induced ileo-ileal intussusception.
Measuring health literacy to inform actions to address health inequities: a cluster analysis approach based on the Australian national health literacy survey
Authors: Cheng Christina , Elmer Shandell , Batterham Roy , Hawkins Melanie , Osborne Richard H 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Measuring health literacy can inform interventions to address health inequities. This study used cluster analysis to examine health literacy data to determine if it can provide more insightful information than standard descriptive analysis to better inform intervention development.

Methods
Using data from the Australian National Health Survey (2018), this study compared descriptive analysis and cluster analysis results of two states—New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria—generated from the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Based on the nine scale scores of the HLQ, a hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward’s method for linkage was undertaken.

Results
The number of NSW and Victoria respondents was 1018 and 923, respectively. The nine HLQ scale full sample mean scores from both states were similar. However, the cluster analyses identified 11 clusters for NSW and 12 clusters for Victoria. While six clusters from each state presented similar health literacy patterns, five and six clusters from NSW and Victoria, respectively, displayed unique health literacy patterns.

Conclusions
The results demonstrate that descriptive analysis only provides an overview and may lead to one-size-fits-all interventions. The varying health literacy patterns among subgroups resulting from the cluster analysis pave the way to inform tailored actions to improve health equity.
Scars of the job market “ice-age”
Authors: Kondo Ayako 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Existing studies found that entering the labor market during a recession has persistent negative effects—the scarring effects—on employment and earnings for Japanese men. The cohorts who entered the labor market during the prolonged recession between 1993 and 2004 are called “the ice-age cohorts,” and the persistent gap between them and older cohorts who entered the labor market during the bubble economy is often interpreted as the scarring effect of business cycle conditions at entry. However, the existing studies in Japan use data covering cohorts who enter the labor market in the 1990s or earlier. Motivated by the lack of empirical evidence with updated data, this article revisits the scarring effects of a recession at labor market entry on employment and earnings using data covering graduation cohorts 1984–2013. Younger cohorts who enter the labor market during the recovery do not earn more or enjoy more stable employment than the cohorts who enter the bottom of the ice-age, and that the effects of unemployment rate at entry on employment and earnings are no longer statistically significant for cohorts who enter the labor market after the job market ice-age. I also discuss potential factors that may have weakened scarring effects.
Drug-induced kidney injury: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Connor Skylar , Roberts Ruth A , Tong Weida 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) is a frequently reported adverse event, associated with acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and end-stage renal failure. Prospective cohort studies on acute injuries suggest a frequency of around 14%–26% in adult populations and a significant concern in pediatrics with a frequency of 16% being attributed to a drug. In drug discovery and development, renal injury accounts for 8 and 9% of preclinical and clinical failures, respectively, impacting multiple therapeutic areas. Currently, the standard biomarkers for identifying DIKI are serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. However, both markers lack the sensitivity and specificity to detect nephrotoxicity prior to a significant loss of renal function. Consequently, there is a pressing need for the development of alternative methods to reliably predict drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) in early drug discovery. In this article, we discuss various aspects of DIKI and how it is assessed in preclinical models and in the clinical setting, including the challenges posed by translating animal data to humans. We then examine the urinary biomarkers accepted by both the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency for monitoring DIKI in preclinical studies and on a case-by-case basis in clinical trials. We also review new approach methodologies (NAMs) and how they may assist in developing novel biomarkers for DIKI that can be used earlier in drug discovery and development.
Using Intentional, Student-Centered Reflection to Address Mental Health and Self-Care in Prelicensure Nursing Students
Authors: Gifford Sara , Kwasky Andrea 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Prelicensure nursing students manage various stressors, including a rigorous curriculum, physically and psychologically demanding clinical rotations, supplementary work, family responsibilities, and an evolving licensure exam. Because of these stressors, nursing programs must address students’ mental health concerns and the potential impact on academic performance. At a private university in the Midwest, a student-centered care plan reflection was implemented to support mental health concerns about the National Council Licensure Examination and promote coping skills. In response, students reported increased motivation, improved stress management, and reduced anxiety.