bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magic electron affection in preparation process of silicon nanocrystal
Authors: Huang Wei-Qi , Liu Shi-Rong , Huang Zhong-Mei , Dong Ti-Ger , Wang Gang , Qin Cao-Jian 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIt is very interesting that magic electron affection promotes growth of nanocrystals due to nanoscale characteristics of electronic de Broglie wave which produces resonance to transfer energy to atoms. In our experiment, it was observed that silicon nanocrystals rapidly grow with irradiation of electron beam on amorphous silicon film prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and silicon nanocrystals almost occur in sphere shape on smaller nanocrystals with less irradiation time of electron beam. In the process, it was investigated that condensed structures of silicon nanocrystals are changed with different impurity atoms in silicon film, in which localized states emission was observed. Through electron beam irradiation for 15min on amorphous Si film doped with oxygen impurity atoms by PLD process, enhanced photoluminescence emission peaks are observed in visible light. And electroluminescence emission is manipulated into the optical communication window on the bigger Si-Yb-Er nanocrystals after irradiation of electron beam for 30min.
Metal Halide Solid-State Surface Treatment for High Efficiency PbS and PbSe QD Solar Cells
Authors: Crisp Ryan W. , Kroupa Daniel M. , Marshall Ashley R. , Miller Elisa M. , Zhang Jianbing , Beard Matthew C. , Luther Joseph M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe developed a layer-by-layer method of preparing PbE (E = S or Se) quantum dot (QD) solar cells using metal halide (PbI2, PbCl2, CdI2, or CdCl2) salts dissolved in dimethylformamide to displace oleate surface ligands and form conductive QD solids. The resulting QD solids have a significant reduction in the carbon content compared to films treated with thiols and organic halides. We find that the PbI2 treatment is the most successful in removing alkyl surface ligands and also replaces most surface bound Cl- with I-. The treatment protocol results in PbS QD films exhibiting a deeper work function and band positions than other ligand exchanges reported previously. The method developed here produces solar cells that perform well even at film thicknesses approaching a micron, indicating improved carrier transport in the QD films. We demonstrate QD solar cells based on PbI2 with power conversion efficiencies above 7%.
Bimodal Programming: A Survey of Current Clinical Practice
Authors: Siburt Hannah W. , Holmes Alice E. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the current clinical practice in approaches to bimodal programming in the United States. To be specific, if clinicians are recommending bimodal stimulation, who programs the hearing aid in the bimodal condition, and what method is used for programming the hearing aid?

Method
An 11-question online survey was created and sent via email to a comprehensive list of cochlear implant programming centers in the United States. The survey was sent to 360 recipients.

Results
Respondents in this study represented a diverse group of clinical settings (response rate: 26%). Results indicate little agreement about who programs the hearing aids, when they are programmed, and how they are programmed in the bimodal condition. Analysis of small versus large implant centers indicated small centers are less likely to add a device to the contralateral ear.

Conclusions
Although a growing number of cochlear implant recipients choose to wear a hearing aid on the contralateral ear, there is inconsistency in the current clinical approach to bimodal programming. These survey results provide evidence of large variability in the current bimodal programming practices and indicate a need for more structured clinical recommendations and programming approaches.
Phonological Priming With Nonwords in Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Brooks Patricia J. , Seiger-Gardner Liat , Obeid Rita , MacWhinney Brian 
Published: April 2015

Purpose

The cross-modal picture–word interference task is used to examine contextual effects on spoken-word production. Previous work has documented lexical–phonological interference in children with specific language impairment (SLI) when a related distractor (e.g.,
bell
) occurs prior to a picture to be named (e.g., a bed). In the current study, the authors examined whether interference also arises with nonwords as distractors.

Method

In Study 1, children with SLI (
N
= 20; ages 7;1 [years;months] to 11;0) and age-matched controls named pictures accompanied by (a) phonologically related nonwords, (b) unrelated nonwords, or (c) the word
go
(baseline). Stimulus asynchrony (SA) varied across blocks with distractors occurring prior to (−300 ms, −100 ms) or after (+100 ms, +300 ms) the pictures. In Study 2, a cross-sectional sample of children (
N
= 48, 5;3 to 10;9) and adults (
N
= 16) performed the same task.

Results
Child and adult control participants showed phonological priming (not interference) at early and late SAs, whereas children with SLI showed priming only at late SAs. Effect sizes correlated with language skills (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fourth Edition scores; Semel, Wiig, & Secord, 2003). In the cross-sectional sample, anticipatory priming at SA −300 varied with age, with larger effects in older children.

Conclusions
Children with SLI utilize phonological information when it is available just in time for word production but fail to anticipate upcoming stimuli. Poor anticipatory processing may adversely affect language fluency in children with SLI.
Grammatical Planning Units During Real-Time Sentence Production in Speakers With Agrammatic Aphasia and Healthy Speakers
Authors: Lee Jiyeon , Yoshida Masaya , Thompson Cynthia K. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
Grammatical encoding (GE) is impaired in agrammatic aphasia; however, the nature of such deficits remains unclear. We examined grammatical planning units during real-time sentence production in speakers with agrammatic aphasia and control speakers, testing two competing models of GE. We queried whether speakers with agrammatic aphasia produce sentences word by word without advanced planning or whether hierarchical syntactic structure (i.e., verb argument structure; VAS) is encoded as part of the advanced planning unit.

Method
Experiment 1 examined production of sentences with a predefined structure (i.e., “The A and the B are above the C”) using eye tracking. Experiment 2 tested production of transitive and unaccusative sentences without a predefined sentence structure in a verb-priming study.

Results
In Experiment 1, both speakers with agrammatic aphasia and young and age-matched control speakers used word-by-word strategies, selecting the first lemma (noun A) only prior to speech onset. However, in Experiment 2, unlike controls, speakers with agrammatic aphasia preplanned transitive and unaccusative sentences, encoding VAS before speech onset.

Conclusions
Speakers with agrammatic aphasia show incremental, word-by-word production for structurally simple sentences, requiring retrieval of multiple noun lemmas. However, when sentences involve functional (thematic to grammatical) structure building, advanced planning strategies (i.e., VAS encoding) are used. This early use of hierarchical syntactic information may provide a scaffold for impaired GE in agrammatism.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170327
Procedures for Obtaining and Analyzing Writing Samples of School-Age Children and Adolescents
Authors: Price Johanna R. , Jackson Sandra C. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
Many students' writing skills are below grade-level expectations, and students with oral language difficulties are at particular risk for writing difficulties. Speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') expertise in language applies to both the oral and written modalities, yet evidence suggests that SLPs' confidence regarding writing assessment is low. Writing samples are a clinically useful, criterion-referenced assessment technique that is relevant to helping students satisfy writing-related requirements of the Common Core State Standards (National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers, 2010a). This article provides recommendations for obtaining and analyzing students' writing samples.

Method
In this tutorial, the authors provide a comprehensive literature review of methods regarding (a) collection of writing samples from narrative, expository (informational/explanatory), and persuasive (argument) genres; (b) variables of writing performance that are useful to assess; and (c) manual and computer-aided techniques for analyzing writing samples. The authors relate their findings to expectations for writing skills expressed in the Common Core State Standards (National Governors Association Center for Best Practices & Council of Chief State School Officers, 2010a).

Conclusion
SLPs can readily implement many techniques for obtaining and analyzing writing samples. The information in this article provides SLPs with recommendations for the use of writing samples and may help increase SLPs' confidence regarding written language assessment.
Ecosystem services provided by green infrastructure in the urban environment.
Authors: Basnou C. , Pino J. , Terradas J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Interest in ecosystems services and green infrastructures is a result of conceptual developments in urban ecology and other environmental sciences. The impact of the urban settlements on nature and its consequences on human well-being at multi-scale levels demands for technical and social responses, whose application has been revealed to be highly dependent on the physical and socio-economic context. We review here problems and efforts to create a solid conceptual framework and efficient tools to analyse and manage urban social-ecosystems in order to increase the benefits that green infrastructure gives to the entire society, giving resilience to these systems. Difficulties become even greater as a result of weak institutional structures, limited capacity and poor governance strategies.
Factors influencing litter size in pigs.
Authors: Luković Z. , Škorput D. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Improvement of litter size in pigs through selection was considered a difficult task in the past. Low heritability, negative correlation between direct additive genetic and maternal effect, limited size of the nucleus population, expression only in females, and relatively late age of measurements, were the main reasons for slow improvement. Many genetic and environmental factors, as well as complex interactions between them, influence litter size in pigs. The present work describes and reviews the most important effects influencing litter size: (1) genetic effects, such as the effect of genotype, direct additive, maternal and sire effect; (2) environmental effects such as common litter and permanent effect; and (3) other main factors recorded by commercial producers. Further improvements in selection of litter size depend on new selection criteria related to overall efficiency of pig production. Use of quantitative genetics based on a multiple trait evaluation system together with genomic selection will provide further improvement in litter size.
Variation in Juvenile Steelhead Density in Relation to Instream Habitat and Watershed Characteristics
Authors: Myrvold Knut Marius , Kennedy Brian P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPhysical habitat characteristics can affect the abundance and distribution of organisms, and are frequently used to predict the standing crop of stream fish for purposes of understanding their ecology and better direct management. However, the spatial scale of the investigation and the resolution of the data can affect the outcome of such analyses. In this study we coupled watershed‐level characteristics with instream habitat variables to model the density of two age‐classes of juvenile steelheadOncorhynchus mykissin a watershed in the Clearwater River basin, Idaho. Density varied considerably across time and space. Variance partitioning showed that 41–50% of the variances in density were due to unexplained differences between sampling occasions (residual variance), and the rest resulted from variation at the site and site‐and‐year levels, depending on the age‐class. Instream habitat variables better explained the variation in density than did models that included watershed‐level characteristics. The density of subyearling steelhead was best explained by stream discharge, with a negative relationship. The density of yearling steelhead was best explained by a negative relationship with average weekly temperature; however, this relationship was statistically indistinguishable from zero. Finally, total density (subyearlings and yearlings combined) was best explained by discharge and average daily temperature. We believe that our approach is useful for identifying the physical factors associated with the density of stream salmonids, but we stress that findings from correlative studies should be interpreted in concert with detailed knowledge about life history variation in the study system.
Overview of the Nervous System
Authors: Marcus Elliott M. , Jacobson Stanley , Sabin Thomas D. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This chapter consists of the spinal cord and brain. The brain is encased in the skull, while the spinal cord is found within the 32 vertebrae. The brain consists of the brain stem, cerebellum, diencephalon, and cerebrum. The axons that form the peripheral nervous originate from the 32 segments of the spinal cord and the 12 cranial nerves associated with the brain. The principal functional cell in the brain is the neuron, which is supported by glial cells. The brain is enwrapped by the meninges and provided with an arterial blood supply by the first major arterial branches from the heart, ensuring that over 20% of the entire blood supply of oxygenated blood flows directly into the brain.
Motor Systems
Authors: Marcus Elliott M. , Jacobson Stanley , Sabin Thomas D. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The basal ganglia consist of the corpus striatum/caudate and putamen, globus pallidus, and also associated nuclei—the substantia nigra, subthalamic nuclei, and ventral tegmental area. The functions of this region are to modulate cortical functions especially as regards to movement. There is an overlap functionally with the cerebellar input onto ventroanterior and ventrolateral nuclei of the thalamus. The dopaminergic system plays a major role in all the functions of this region, as noted by the major common dysfunction of this system leading to Parkinson’s’ disease.
A new transcription factor for mitosis: inSchizosaccharomyces pombe, the RFX transcription factor Sak1 works with forkhead factors to regulate mitotic expression
Authors: Garg Angad , Futcher Bruce , Leatherwood Janet 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMitotic genes are one of the most strongly oscillating groups of genes in the eukaryotic cell cycle. Understanding the regulation of mitotic gene expression is a key issue in cell cycle control but is poorly understood in most organisms. Here, we find a new mitotic transcription factor, Sak1, in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Sak1 belongs to the RFX family of transcription factors, which have not previously been connected to cell cycle control. Sak1 binds upstream of mitotic genes in close proximity to Fkh2, a forkhead transcription factor previously implicated in regulation of mitotic genes. We show that Sak1 is the major activator of mitotic gene expression and also confirm the role of Fkh2 as the opposing repressor. Sep1, another forkhead transcription factor, is an activator for a small subset of mitotic genes involved in septation. From yeasts to humans, forkhead transcription factors are involved in mitotic gene expression and it will be interesting to see whether RFX transcription factors may also be involved in other organisms.
Sustainable development and social responsibility (SDSR)
Authors: Baronet Jacques , Tremblay Solange 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate large Canadian companies’ communication behaviour about SDSR on their websites, the authors’ goal being to analyse the evolution of what they communicate about those issues on their websites, over a period of eight years.

Design/methodology/approach
– A longitudinal content analysis of the top 100 Canadian firms’ web-based communication practices was performed over a period of eight years, between 2006 and 2013. A conceptual method was applied to establish the presence/absence of SDSR concepts and related questions in the communication data available on corporations’ websites.

Findings
– Data analysis showed that over this period, an increasing number of firms had: a dedicated section on their website about SDSR, a more accurate definition of SDSR, an enhanced accessibility and an eagerness to improve their information by adding complimentary SDSR documents.

Research limitations/implications
– The results in this study are representative of very large and probably resource-rich Canadian firms and may not apply to all types and sizes of companies.

Practical implications
– The increasingly positive behaviour of large firms about SDSR communication on their websites demonstrates a continuous interest to enhance their communication positioning about these new values, moreover, shaping a new paradigm with the creation of a new pattern of communication on the web.

Originality/value
– The study is one of the very few longitudinal studies of SDSR communication practices by large firms in one Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) country. Given the scope of activities of these companies at the global scale, this study also contributes to provide a first sketch of the communication profile of multinational corporations about their SDSR web practices.
The non-sense of organizational morality
Authors: Gentile Gian-Claudio , Wetzel Ralf , Wolf Patricia 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– Companies’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities tend to be regarded with suspicion: Taking managerial decision about engaging in CSR or communicating, this decision does not constitute the actual execution of this decision itself. A gulf can exist between deciding, speaking and doing. In fact, this gap between speaking and doing has longed fuelled the discussion about the risks, benefits and pitfalls of CSR, mainly for one reason: It remains unknown what happens to CSR concepts when they are transformed from formal decisions at the top of the hierarchy to concrete action in the rest of the organization. This paper explores this internal transformation process by combining the macro- and micro-levels of observation.Design/methodology/approach– From a macro-perspective, the authors use Nils Brunsson’s notion of organizational hypocrisy to elucidate the societal conditions of the intraorganizational enforcement of CSR. Second, the authors combine this framework with Karl Weick’s organizational sensemaking approach to understand better how employee generate meaning and actions from contradictory expectations on the micro-level of the organization. By combining these two streams of theory, the authors provide a clear understanding of the internal sensemaking mechanisms brought about by contradicting societal norms. This approach and its usefulness is illustrated by means of an empirical case study.Findings– The paper illustrates the characteristics of the unavoidable difference between organizational talk and action, the contradictions employees face on the shop floor when executing CSR and the challenges CSR execution has to overcome.Research limitations/implications– Given the combination of theoretical and empirical reflection, the paper remains explorative.Practical implications– The moral dilemmas of employees become much clearer, as much as the organizational hypocrisy which CSR drives companies into. That can help managers to better deal with employees’ and the public’s reaction to own CSR efforts.Originality/value– Combining Nils Brunsson (hypocrisy) with Karl Weick (sensemaking) in the context of CSR has not been undertaken. Accordingly, the insights are unique.
Consumer values of corporate and celebrity brand associations
Authors: Ilicic Jasmina , Webster Cynthia M. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to explore consumer brand associations and values derived from a corporate brand and a celebrity brand endorser prior to their endorsement.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study uses both hierarchical value mapping and brand concept mapping (BCM) to identify brand attributes that translate to personal meaning for consumers and then to identify whether these attributes are encompassed by a specific brand.

Findings
– Results from brand concept maps and hierarchical value maps show consumers value accessibility and customer service in financial corporate brands. Consumers value expertise in celebrity brands and respect success in both corporate and celebrity brands. A central finding is the importance of brand authenticity. Corporate brand authenticity establishes a sense of security and assists in the development of brand relationships. Celebrity brand authenticity creates consumer attention and enhances celebrity trustworthiness aiding in the development of a consumer – celebrity brand relationship.

Research limitations/implications
– The findings have implications for corporate brands utilizing celebrity endorsers. In terms of strategic positioning, corporate brands need to center their marketing communications on desired brand associations at the core of both the corporate and celebrity brand that translate to personal meaning for consumers.

Originality/value
– This study uses a combined theoretical and methodological approach, drawing on associative network theory and means-end chain theory, and BCM and hierarchical value mapping methods, respectively, to understand and uncover personal meaning or value derived from brand associations.
Novel homozygous mutation, c.400C>T (p.Arg134*), in the PVRL1 gene underlies cleft lip/palate‐ectodermal dysplasia syndrome in an Asian patient
Authors: Yoshida Kazue , Hayashi Ryota , Fujita Hideki , Kubota Masaya , Kondo Mai , Shimomura Yutaka , Niizeki Hironori 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCleft lip/palate‐ectodermal dysplasia syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by homozygous loss‐of‐function mutations of the poliovirus receptor‐like 1 (PVRL1) gene encoding nectin‐1. Nectin‐1 is a cell–cell adhesion molecule that is important for the initial step in the formation of adherens junctions and tight junctions; it is expressed in keratinocytes, neurons, and the developing face and palate. Clinical manifestations comprise a unique facial appearance with cleft lip/palate, ectodermal dysplasia, cutaneous syndactyly of the fingers and/or toes, and in some cases, mental retardation. We present the first report, to our knowledge, of an Asian individual with cleft lip/palate‐ectodermal dysplasia syndrome with a novel PVRL1 mutation. A 7‐year‐old Japanese boy, the first child of a consanguineous marriage, showed hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with sparse, brittle, fine, dry hair and hypodontia, the unique facial appearance with cleft lip/palate, cutaneous syndactyly of the fingers and mild mental retardation. Scanning electron microscopic examination of the hair demonstrated pili torti and pili trianguli et canaliculi. Mutation analysis of exon 2 of PVRL1 revealed a novel homozygous nonsense mutation, c.400C>T (p.Arg134*). His parents were heterozygous for the mutant alleles. All four PVRL1 mutations identified in cleft lip/palate‐ectodermal dysplasia syndrome to date, including this study, resulted in truncated proteins that lack the transmembrane domain and intracellular domain of nectin‐1, which is necessary to initiate the cell–cell adhesion process.