bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current State of Safe Pregnancy Policies for the US Surgical Trainee
Authors: Mann Hayley , Glazer Tiffany 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveDefine current practices and protocols in surgical training programs for pregnant trainees.Study DesignCross sectional.SettingAcademic surgical training programs in the United States.MethodsA validated 20‐question survey was sent via email to program directors and coordinators of US surgical training programs, including otolaryngology head & neck surgery (OHNS), plastic surgery, vascular surgery, and general surgery. The survey was issued in November and December 2022 and data were collected until January 2023. This study was approved for exemption by the Minimal Risk Research IRB at the University of Wisconsin Madison (ID number 2022‐1370).ResultsSurveys were emailed to 608 surgical programs, and the response rate was 23.5% (143/608) including 45 OHNS programs. When asked if their program has a policy in place for pregnant trainees, 84.4% responded yes, and 82.4% responded that they were satisfied with their policy. Subsequent questions addressed individual policies and risk factors facing pregnant trainees. 60.3% of programs report providing protected time off for miscarriages. Only 36.9% provide information to pregnant trainees regarding workplace exposures that pose a risk of fetal anomaly or miscarriage. Only 47.1% incorporate rest breaks for pregnant trainees, and only 20% protect the number of hours a pregnant trainee operates per week. 24.2% adjust overnight shifts or call schedules for pregnant trainees, and of those that adjust call shifts, 20% require pregnant trainees to “make up” these missed call shifts. Less than half (40%) of programs have a contingency plan in place for supporting nonchild‐bearing residents who may take on the work of their colleagues during pregnancy or postpartum.ConclusionWhile a majority of training programs report a pregnancy policy in place for trainees, most of these policies appear to be severely deficient in addressing critical aspects of surgical training that place both fetus and mother at significant risk of complications. This data indicates a need for a safe pregnancy protocol in order to protect both surgeon and fetus.
Customized Music Therapy Combined With the Counseling and Follow‐Up System: Stratified Results for Tinnitus Efficacy
Authors: Ni Tianyi , Liu Yuehong , Xie Hongbo , Yang Siyi , Wang Yulu , Jiang Yun , Han Zhao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveChronic subjective tinnitus is a worldwide intractable problem. In our previous studies, customized music therapy combined with a follow‐up system can reduce tinnitus perception and improve anxiety/depression. This study aims to explore which characteristics of tinnitus patients are more likely to benefit from our therapy.Study DesignThis study included 1031 patients with chronic subjective tinnitus, all of whom completed customized music therapy with the follow‐up system. Population demographics, tinnitus characteristics, and tinnitus‐related scales at pretherapy and posttherapy were collected.SettingHuadong Hospital affiliated Fudan University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery from 2018 to 2022.MethodsA paired t test and the one‐way analysis of variance were utilized to the overall efficacy and stratified difference based on tinnitus duration/age/tinnitus frequency.ResultsThere were significant statistical differences in the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Tinnitus Loudness Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)‐A/D scores between pretherapy and 3 months posttherapy. THI and HADS (A/D) scores decreased the most in the 1‐year duration tinnitus group. The most significant decrease in THI and VAS scores was observed in the 31‐ to 50‐year‐old tinnitus group. Patients with high‐frequency tinnitus and extended high‐frequency tinnitus had greater decreases generally than those with low‐frequency tinnitus though no significance.ConclusionGroup with severe and prolonged tinnitus, shorter duration of tinnitus onset, and 31 to 50 years old benefit more from our therapy. Therefore, standardized personalized music and consulting and follow‐up systems while promoting early treatment can reduce tinnitus and its comorbidities.
Acquiring musical knowledge increases music liking: Evidence from a neurophysiological study
Authors: Hou Yingying , Song Bei , Zhu Yi , Yu Linwei , Hu Yi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPeople possessing musical knowledge tend to enjoy music more, but the linkage remains to be determined. Based on the shared affective motion experience model for music appreciation, we hypothesized that acquiring musical knowledge about the music itself, for example, an analytical understanding of music elements and the related emotional expressions, would increase music liking. To test the hypothesis, we asked 48 participants to learn analytical or historical information about a piece of music by watching a pre‐recorded teaching video. Learners' physiological responses, such as skin conductance and heart rate, were recorded during learning. The increase of music liking was observed after both types of knowledge acquisition, but more so for analytical knowledge. Notably, acquiring analytical knowledge made learners' skin conductance more similar, indicating the alignment of physiological responses. This physiological similarity, correlated with analytical knowledge similarity, could mediate the effect of knowledge acquisition on music liking. In sum, this study reveals the impact of analytical knowledge on music enjoyment and the associated neurophysiological mechanism. It extends the theoretical framework of shared affective motion experience to explain how musical knowledge influences music appreciation.
The association between social support and prosocial behavior: A three‐level meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yinlan , Ran Guangming , Zhang Qi , Zhang Qiongzhi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNumerous studies have examined the relationship between social support and prosocial behavior and have concluded that social support is an important factor in generating prosocial behavior. However, different studies have produced different conclusions, and the moderating effect on the relationship is not entirely clear. The current study uses a three‐level meta‐analysis method to clarify the relationship between social support and prosocial behavior, and explores the moderating variables that affect the relationship between the two variables. Through a systematic literature search, a total of 92 studies, 418 effect sizes, and 74,378 participants were obtained. The main effects test found a significant positive correlation between social support and prosocial behavior. Tests of the moderating effects indicated that the relationship between social support and prosocial behavior was moderated by year of publication, source of social support, measurement of social support and measurement of prosocial behavior. In summary, social support plays an important role in prosocial behavior, and exploring their relationship is beneficial to families, schools and society in guiding individuals' prosocial behavior.
Design of parallel 𝛽‐sheet nanofibrils using Monte Carlo search, coarse‐grained simulations, and experimental testing
Authors: Sarma Sudeep , Sudarshan Tarunya Rao , Nguyen Van , Robang Alicia S. , Xiao Xingqing , Le Justin V. , Helmicki Michael E. , Paravastu Anant K. , Hall Carol K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPeptide self‐assembly into amyloid fibrils provides numerous applications in drug delivery and biomedical engineering applications. We augment our previously‐established computational screening technique along with experimental biophysical characterization to discover 7‐mer peptides that self‐assemble into “parallel β‐sheets”, that is, β‐sheets with N‐terminus‐to‐C‐terminus 𝛽‐strand vectors oriented in parallel. To accomplish the desired β‐strand organization, we applied the PepAD amino acid sequence design software to the Class‐1 cross‐β spine defined by Sawaya et al. This molecular configuration includes two layers of parallel β‐sheets stacked such that N‐terminus‐to‐C‐terminus vectors are oriented antiparallel for molecules on adjacent β‐sheets. The first cohort of PepAD identified peptides were examined for their fibrillation behavior in DMD/PRIME20 simulations, and the top performing sequence was selected as a prototype for a subsequent round of sequence refinement. The two rounds of design resulted in a library of eight 7‐mer peptides. In DMD/PRIME20 simulations, five of these peptides spontaneously formed fibril‐like structures with a predominantly parallel 𝛽‐sheet arrangement, two formed fibril‐like structure with <50% in parallel 𝛽‐sheet arrangement and one remained a random coil. Among the eight candidate peptides produced by PepAD and DMD/PRIME20, five were synthesized and purified. All five assembled into amyloid fibrils composed of parallel β‐sheets based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism, electron microscopy, and thioflavin‐T fluorescence spectroscopy measurements.
A physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modeling approach for dosing amiodarone in children on ECMO
Authors: Yellepeddi Venkata K. , Hunt John Porter , Green Danielle J. , McKnite Autumn , Whelan Aviva , Watt Kevin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a cardiopulmonary bypass device commonly used to treat cardiac arrest in children. The American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care recommend using amiodarone as a first‐line agent to treat ventricular arrhythmias in children with cardiac arrest. However, there are no dosing recommendations for amiodarone to treat ventricular arrhythmias in pediatric patients on ECMO. Amiodarone has a high propensity for adsorption to the ECMO components due to its physicochemical properties leading to altered pharmacokinetics (PK) in ECMO patients. The change in amiodarone PK due to interaction with ECMO components may result in a difference in optimal dosing in patients on ECMO when compared with non‐ECMO patients. To address this clinical knowledge gap, a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic model of amiodarone was developed in adults and scaled to children, followed by the addition of an ECMO compartment. The pediatric model included ontogeny functions of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme maturation across various age groups. The ECMO compartment was parameterized using the adsorption data of amiodarone obtained from ex vivo studies. Model predictions captured observed concentrations of amiodarone in pediatric patients with ECMO well with an average fold error between 0.5 and 2. Model simulations support an amiodarone intravenous (i.v) bolus dose of 22 mg/kg (neonates), 13 mg/kg (infants), 8 mg/kg (children), and 6 mg/kg (adolescents). This PBPK modeling approach can be applied to explore the dosing of other drugs used in children on ECMO.
Public Health Challenges and Responses to the Growing Ageing Populations
Authors: Khan Hafiz T. A. , Addo Kwaku Mari , Findlay Helen 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHuman populations are rapidly ageing worldwide due to declining birth rates and rising life expectancies. This profound demographic shift presents complex public health challenges. Synthesizing evidence on key public health issues impacting ageing populations and policy strategies is required to address these needs.MethodsThe study employs narrative literature review based on the PubMed database. Data have been extracted on public health challenges to ageing populations and its recommended policy solutions.ResultsThe key public health challenges identified include rising chronic disease burden, risks for preventable multi‐morbidities and co‐morbidities, disability and dependencies, mental health issues, caregiving gaps, long‐term care system deficiencies, health inequities, healthcare access barriers, end‐of‐life care needs, financial instability, ageism/elder abuse, adverse built environments, climate/disaster threats, and social isolation. Evidence‐based policy responses span interventions in healthcare, social services, urban planning, emergency preparedness, economics, technology, anti‐ageism advocacy and so on.ConclusionsProactively addressing the array of public health challenges faced by rapidly growing ageing populations globally requires implementing collaborative, multisectoral policy solutions focused on promoting healthy, equitable, and socially engaged ageing. Healthcare systems, communities, and policies must be optimized to meet the needs of elderly people and tap into their strengths.
Integrated approach of network pharmacology, molecular docking, and clinical observations in evaluating the efficacy and safety of Bufei Huoxue capsules for pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: He Wenjun , Liu Chunli , Li Xuanyi , Zhong Bihua , Jiang Qian , Lai Ning , Xiong Yuanhui , Feng Weici , Chen Yilin , Zhou Dansha , Li Defu , Lu Wenju , Aman Jurjan , Bogaard Harm Jan , Wang Jian , Chen Yuqin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a persistent and progressive disorder characterized by airway or alveolar abnormalities, commonly leading to pulmonary hypertension (PH). This clinical observational study investigates the therapeutic mechanisms of Bufei Huoxue capsules (BHC) in treating PH in patients with COPD‐linked PH (COPD‐PH) using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods, and assesses the therapeutic efficacy and safety of BHCs. The active compounds and their target proteins in BHCs were sourced from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database, with additional target proteins derived from the GeneCards and OMIM databases. An active network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.1, and interaction networks were established. Intersecting targets underwent Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis using the Metascape database. Network pharmacology and molecular docking studies demonstrated favorable binding affinities of BHC active ingredients, such as quercetin, bavachalcone, and isobavachin, for key targets including PTGS1, ESR1, and PTGS2. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis highlighted the involvement of these targets in processes such as the positive regulation of locomotion, the transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway, and peptidyl‐tyrosine phosphorylation. KEGG pathway analysis indicated their roles in pathways related to cancer, AGE‐RAGE signaling in diabetic complications, and prostate cancer. BHCs exhibit therapeutic effects on COPD‐PH through multi‐component, multi‐target, and multi‐pathway interactions. This clinical observational study confirms the efficacy and safety of BHCs in improving cardiac and pulmonary functions, enhancing exercise tolerance, and elevating the quality of life in patients with COPD‐PH.
The combined Shewhart–EWMA sign charts
Authors: Shanshool Mohammed Kadhim , Mahadik Shashibhushan B. , Godase Dadasaheb G. , Khoo Michael B. C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Shewhart control chart is a prominent tool for identifying the changes in process parameters that are of large magnitude, however, it has reduced ability to identify the process changes of small magnitudes. On the other hand, an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart is superior to the Shewhart chart in identifying process changes of small magnitudes but it is less proficient than the later chart in identifying changes of large magnitudes. This paper suggests nonparametric combined Shewhart‐EWMA (CSE) charts based on the sign statistic for the process location and process dispersion. The statistical performance measures of these charts are obtained using a Markov chain approach. The numerical comparisons revealed that the performance of a CSE chart lies within the range of the Shewhart sign and EWMA sign charts for identifying a process change of any magnitude. A real‐data example is provided to illustrate the mechanism of the chart.
A high‐order numerical method for solving non‐periodic scattering problems in three‐dimensional bi‐periodic structures
Authors: Arens Tilo , Shafieeabyaneh Nasim , Zhang Ruming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we focus on scattering of non‐periodic incident fields in three‐dimensional bi‐periodic structures, as they can not be solved by the classical methods used for the quasi‐periodic scattering problems. To solve such non‐periodic scattering problems, the Floquet–Bloch transform, which decomposes the unbounded problem into a family of periodic problems in a bounded unit cell, has been applied together with a numerical method by Lechleiter and Zhang (2017). However, its theoretical result indicates that the computational order is too low. Hence, our aim is to propose a high‐order numerical approach by using the Floquet–Bloch transform. To this end, the first crucial part is to analyze the regularity of the transformed solution with respect to the Floquet parameter. The second challenging part is to propose a high‐order tailor‐made quadrature method adapted to singularities of the transformed solution formed by a finite number of circular arcs. Afterwards, we obtain the error estimation of the proposed numerical approach. Eventually, the accuracy and efficiency of the mentioned approach are revealed by several numerical examples.
Low and medium voltage distribution network planning with distributed energy resources: a survey
Authors: Pham Tan Nhat , Shah Rakibuzzaman , Dao Minh N. , Sultanova Nargiz , Islam Syed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) such as photovoltaic systems, energy storage systems, and electric vehicles is increasing in the distribution system. The distinct characteristics of these resources, e.g., volatility and intermittency, introduce complexity in operation and planning of the distribution system. This paper first summarized the physical characteristics and morphological evaluation of the current and future distribution networks. Then, the impact of these changes on system operation and planning is outlined. Next, the tools, methods, and techniques for energy forecasting, optimal planning, and distribution system state estimation are reviewed and discussed, along with the challenges. As the main contributions, this research systematically organized the published works and assessed the relevant milestones regarding distribution system planning with DERs and emerging technologies. Finally, the key research directions in this domain are outlined.

Graphical abstract
Biological invasion with a porous medium type diffusion in a heterogeneous space
Authors: Park Hyunjoon , Kim Yong-Jung 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe knowledge of traveling wave solutions is the main tool in the study of wave propagation. However, in a spatially heterogeneous environment, traveling wave solutions do not exist, and a different approach is needed. In this paper, we study the generation and the propagation of hyperbolic scale singular limits of a KPP-type reaction–diffusion equation when the carrying capacity is spatially heterogeneous and the diffusion is of a porous medium equation type. We show that the interface propagation speed varies according to the carrying capacity.
Misinterpretations about CT numbers, material decomposition, and elemental quantification
Authors: Salyapongse Aria M. , Szczykutowicz Timothy P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Quantitative CT imaging, particularly iodine and calcium quantification, is an important CT-based biomarker.

Purpose
This study quantifies sources of errors in quantitative CT imaging in both single-energy and spectral CT.

Materials and methods
This work examines the theoretical relationship between CT numbers, linear attenuation coefficient, and material quantification. We derive four understandings: (1) CT numbers are not proportional with element mass in vivo, (2) CT numbers are proportional with element mass only when contained in a voxel of pure water, (3) iodine-water material decomposition is never accurate in vivo, and (4) for error-free material decomposition a voxel must only consist of the basis decomposition vectors. Misinterpretation-based errors are calculated using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) XCOM database for: tissue chemical compositions, clinical concentrations of hydroxyapatite (HAP), and iodine. Quantification errors are also demonstrated experimentally using phantoms.

Results
In single-energy CT, misinterpretation-induced errors for HAP density in adipose, muscle, lung, soft tissue, and blood ranged from 0–132%, i.e., a mass error of 0–749 mg/cm3. In spectral CT, errors with iodine in the same tissues resulted in a range of < 0.1–33% error, resulting in a mass error of < 0.1–1.2 mg/mL.

Conclusion
Our work demonstrates material quantification is fundamentally limited when measured in vivo due to measurement conditions differing from assumed and the errors are at or above detection limits for bone mineral density (BMD) and spectral iodine quantification. To define CT-derived biomarkers, the errors we demonstrate should either be avoided or built into uncertainty bounds.

Clinical relevance statement
Improving error bounds in quantitative CT biomarkers, specifically in iodine and BMD quantification, could lead to improvements in clinical care aspects based on quantitative CT.

Key Points

CT numbers are only proportional with element mass only when contained in a voxel of pure water, therefore iodine-water material decomposition is never accurate in vivo.

Misinterpretation-induced errors ranged from 0–132% for HAP density and < 0.1–33% in spectral CT with iodine.

For error-free material decomposition, a voxel must only consist of the basis decomposition vectors.
Simple diagnosis for layered structure using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Tajiri Daiki , Hioki Tatsuru , Kawamura Shozo , Matsubara Masami 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, we propose a structural health monitoring and diagnostic method for layered (multi-story) structures using a convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed method is a primary diagnostic one, and its purpose is to allow quick identification of the location of an abnormality after detecting it. An abnormality is defined as a decrease in the stiffness characteristics (spring constant) of the outer wall of a multi-story structure when it deteriorates or is damaged. The proposed method has the following features. A modal circle is generated by multiplying the frequency response functions (FRFs) simulated by a mathematical model and the FRFs from the actual structure, in frequency space, and then a CNN learns the features of the abnormality from the modal circle and diagnoses it in the actual multi-story structure. We first verified the validity of the proposed method by considering a three-story structure as a numerical example. When the method was applied to three types of abnormal conditions, it was shown that the abnormal diagnosis could be performed correctly. Next, we constructed an experimental model of a three-story structure, and realized three types of abnormal conditions similar to those in the numerical model. We verified the applicability of the proposed method and showed that correct diagnosis of an abnormality was possible. Both the validity and applicability of the proposed method were thus confirmed.