bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a collagen matrix for recession coverage in patients who received orthodontic therapy: a case series
Authors: Tan Wah C. , Tan Wah L. , Ong Marianne M.A. , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to determine the percentage of recession coverage achieved following surgery with a collagen matrix, and patient‐reported outcome measures.MethodsFive healthy adults who had completed orthodontic therapy with a gingival recession defect were recruited. Gingival recession coverage was performed using a two‐layer, xenogeneic collagen matrix (Mucograft). During the first 2 weeks, the patients charted their perceptions on bleeding, swelling, pain, and bruising using a visual analog scale (VAS). Post‐surgical complications were assessed clinically at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month post‐surgery. Recession dimensions were examined at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.ResultsAt 1 year, an average of 67% root coverage was achieved. The amount of recession coverage achieved was stable from 3 months. The results were maintained at 1 year. There were no post‐surgical complications. All VAS parameters decreased to almost zero by day 14. From day 1, bleeding and pain decreased over time. However, there were peaks on days 2 and 3 for swelling and bruising, respectively, followed by a subsequent decrease.ConclusionsThe use of Mucograft for recession coverage is effective and safe, with low morbidity and no post‐surgical complications. Recession coverage achieved at 3 months remained stable in the 1‐year follow‐up period.
Maize orthologs of rice GS5 and their trans‐regulator are associated with kernel development
Authors: Liu Jie , Deng Min , Guo Huan , Raihan Sharif , Luo Jingyun , Xu Yuancheng , Dong Xiaofei , Yan Jianbing 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGenome information from model species such as rice can assist in the cloning of genes in a complex genome, such as maize. Here, we identified a maize ortholog of rice GS5 that contributes to kernel development in maize. The genome‐wide association analysis of the expression levels of ZmGS5, and 15 of its 26 paralogs, identified a trans‐regulator on chromosome 7, which was a BAK1‐like gene. This gene that we named as ZmBAK1‐7 could regulate the expression of ZmGS5 and three of the paralogs. Candidate‐gene association analyses revealed that these five genes were associated with maize kernel development‐related traits. Linkage analyses also detected that ZmGS5 and ZmBAK1‐7 co‐localized with mapped QTLs. A transgenic analysis of ZmGS5 in Arabidopsis thaliana L. showed a significant increase in seed weight and cell number, suggesting that ZmGS5 may have a conserved function among different plant species that affects seed development.
Effects of β‐hydroxybutyricacid on the synthesis and assembly of very low‐density lipoprotein in bovine hepatocytes in vitro
Authors: Deng Q. , Ma D. , Shi Z. , Huang W. , Du X. , Gao W. , Zhu X. , Lei L. , Zhang M. , Sun G. , Yuan X. , Li X. , Wang Z. , Liu G. , Li X. 
Published: August 2015

Summaryβ‐Hydroxybutyricacid (BHBA) is an important metabolite that involved in the development of ketosis and fatty liver in dairy cows. Dairy cows with fatty liver displayed high blood concentration of BHBA and very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly. The effects of BHBA on VLDL synthesis and assembly in hepatocytes of cows were unclear. In this study, bovine hepatocytes were cultured and treated with different concentrations of BHBA. We found that BHBA treatment upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB 100), apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) and showed in a firstly increased and then decreased trend. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein levels of LDLR showed in a reverse trend. Consequently, VLDL content was significantly increased in medium‐dose BHBA treatment group, while decreased in high‐dose group. These results indicate that the effects of BHBA on the VLDL synthesis showed in a dose‐dependent manner that low levels of BHBA increase VLDL synthesis and high levels of BHBA decrease VLDL synthesis.
Shock effects in plagioclase feldspar from the Mistastin Lake impact structure, Canada
Authors: Pickersgill Annemarie E. , Osinski Gordon R. , Flemming Roberta L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractShock metamorphism, caused by hypervelocity impact, is a poorly understood process in feldspar due to the complexity of the crystal structure, the relative ease of weathering, and chemical variations, making optical studies of shocked feldspars challenging. Understanding shock metamorphism in feldspars, and plagioclase in particular, is vital for understanding the history of Earth's moon, Mars, and many other planetary bodies. We present here a comprehensive study of shock effects in andesine and labradorite from the Mistastin Lake impact structure, Labrador, Canada. Samples from a range of different settings were studied, from in situ central uplift materials to clasts from various breccias and impact melt rocks. Evidence of shock metamorphism includes undulose extinction, offset twins, kinked twins, alternate twin deformation, and partial to complete transformation to diaplectic plagioclase glass. In some cases, isotropization of alternating twin lamellae was observed. Planar deformation features (PDFs) are notably absent in the plagioclase, even when present in neighboring quartz grains. It is notable that various microlites, twin planes, and compositionally different lamellae could easily be mistaken for PDFs and so care must be taken. A pseudomorphous zeolite phase (levyne‐Ca) was identified as a replacement mineral of diaplectic feldspar glass in some samples, which could, in some instances, also be potentially mistaken for PDFs. We suggest that the lack of PDFs in plagioclase could be due to a combination of structural controls relating to the crystal structure of different feldspars and/or the presence of existing planes of weakness in the form of twin and cleavage planes.
Collaboration is key: The actual experience of disciplines working together in child care
Authors: Garvis Susanne , Kirkby Jane , McMahon Keryn , Meyer Colleen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPromoting young children's academic and developmental outcomes can no longer be achieved by the single efforts of one profession, but requires professionals to work together in inter‐professional teams to understand the complexity of young children's lives. Collaboration in early childhood programs involves health professionals, educators, and other professionals sharing information, validating each other's roles, and providing input around which strategies promote positive outcomes for all children. There are, however, limited studies available within early childhood education on inter‐disciplinary relationships between nurses and teachers. This paper helps to fill this void by exploring the relationship of an early childhood teacher and maternal and child health nurse working alongside one another in an Australian kindergarten. Through a narrative approach, a number of characteristics of the relationship were identified as key elements to a productive relationship. Findings are important for health professionals working with early childhood educators. By understanding the complexity within and between disciplines, professionals can work effectively to support young children and their families.
Could land‐based early photosynthesizing ecosystems have bioengineered the planet in mid‐Palaeozoic times?
Authors: Edwards Dianne , Cherns Lesley , Raven John A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Ordovician and Silurian periods were times of major geological activity as regards palaeogeography, volcanism and climate change, the last of these evidenced by a series of cooling episodes and glaciations that climaxed in the Hirnantian (Late Ordovician). The presence of cryptospores in the Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) marked the advent of higher plants on land. A critical survey of direct (mega‐ and microfossils) and some indirect evidence in succeeding rocks indicates the presence of algae, Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Fungi, probable lichens, cryptophytes and basal tracheophytes. Similar associations of photosynthesizers and decomposers occur today in cryptogamic covers (CCs), for example biological crusts, except that bryophytes replace cryptophytes (basal embryophytes) and tracheophytes are absent. Thus, extant CCs, which make significant contributions today to global carbon and nitrogen fixation and prevention of erosion, provide an excellent analogue for the impacts of early land vegetation on both lithosphere and atmosphere. As a prerequisite to assessing impacts in Ordovician–Silurian times, with particular consideration of parameters used by climate modellers, the effects of a number of abiotic factors on the growth and survival of extant cryptogamic ground covers and their environmental impacts are reviewed. Factors include photosynthetically active radiation, ultraviolet radiation, temperature, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, surface roughness and albedo. A survey of the nature and extent of weathering facilitated by such vegetation concludes that it was limited based on depth of weathering when compared with that from rooted tracheophytes today, with minor effects on carbon dioxide drawdown. As global net productivity from Ordovician–Silurian CCs was very probably lower than today, and while the small fraction of intractable material in their organic carbon would have resulted in a more rapid turnover of terrestrial biomass, we conclude that there was decreased possibility of long‐term organic carbon burial. Hence, there would have been very limited increase in atmospheric oxygen and decrease in carbon dioxide resulting from carbon burial.
Training for prescribing in‐office and home phototherapy
Authors: Anderson Kathryn L. , Huang Karen E. , Huang William W. , Feldman Steven R. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBackground/PurposeOne reason phototherapy use is lacking in the United States may be inadequate phototherapy education during dermatology training. The purpose of this study was to estimate the level of dermatology resident training with prescribing phototherapy and to see whether inadequate education may be contributing to the underuse of phototherapy in the United States.MethodsA questionnaire was developed to assess resident education and comfort with prescribing phototherapy from the resident perspective. Botulinum toxin and radiation therapy training were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Responses were tabulated and comparisons made using Fisher's exact test and Cochran–Armitage trend test.ResultsA total of 88 residents responded. 42% and 81% of respondents reported not receiving didactic education on prescribing in‐office and home phototherapy, respectively, compared to 13% for botulinum toxin and 91% for radiation therapy. 29% and 76% reported not being comfortable prescribing in‐office and home phototherapy, respectively, compared to 36% for botulinum toxin and 91% for radiation therapy. Phototherapy education satisfaction was positively correlated with comfort of prescribing, and comfort prescribing was positively correlated with actual prescribing of phototherapy.ConclusionsTraining for prescribing phototherapy is lacking. Augmenting phototherapy training may help make home phototherapy more accessible for patients.
Batf3 deficiency proves the pivotal role of CD8α+ dendritic cells in protection induced by vaccination with attenuated Plasmodium sporozoites
Authors: Montagna G. N. , Biswas A. , Hildner K. , Matuschewski K. , Dunay I. R. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIncreasing evidence indicates that hepatic CD8α+ dendritic cells (DCs) are important antigen cross‐presenting cells (APC) involved in the priming of protective CD8+ T‐cell responses induced by live‐attenuated Plasmodium sporozoites. Experimental proof for a critical role of CD8α+ DCs in protective pre‐erythrocytic malaria immunizations has pivotal implications for vaccine development, including improved vectored subunit vaccines. Employing Batf3−/− mice, which lack functional CD8α+ DCs, we demonstrate that deficiency of these particular APCs completely abolishes protection and corresponding signatures of vaccine‐induced immunity. We show that in wild‐type, but not in Batf3−/−, mice CD8α+ DCs accumulate in the liver after immunization with live irradiation‐attenuated P. berghei sporozoites. IFN‐γ production by Plasmodium antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells is dependent on functional Batf3. In addition, our results demonstrate that the dysfunctional cDC‐CD8+ T‐cell axis correlates with MHC class II upregulation on splenic CD8α− DCs. Collectively, these findings underscore the essential role of CD8α+ DCs in robust protection induced by experimental live‐attenuated malaria vaccines.
Effects of extreme weather events and legume presence on mycorrhization of Plantago lanceolata and Holcus lanatus in the field
Authors: Walter J. , Kreyling J. , Singh B. K. , Jentsch A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLittle is known about direct and indirect effects of extreme weather events on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under field conditions. In a field experiment, we investigated the response of mycorrhization to drought and heavy rain in grassland communities. We quantified AMF biomass in soil, mycorrhization of roots of the grass Holcus lanatus and the forb Plantago lanceolata, as well as plant performance. Plants were grown in four‐species communities with or without a legume. We hypothesised that drought increases and heavy rain decreases mycorrhization, and that higher mycorrhization will be linked to improved stress resistance and higher biomass production. Soil AMF biomass increased under both weather extremes. Heavy rain generally benefitted plants and increased arbuscules in P. lanceolata. Drought neither reduced plant performance nor root mycorrhization. Arbuscules increased in H. lanatus several weeks after drought, and in P. lanceolata several weeks after heavy rain spells. These long‐lasting effects of weather events on mycorrhization highlight the indirect influence of climate on AMF via their host plant. Legume presence increased plant community biomass, but had only minor effects on mycorrhization. Arbuscule colonisation was negatively correlated with senescence during the dry summer. Mycorrhization and biomass production in P. lanceolata were positively related. However, increased mycorrhization was related to less biomass in the grass. AMF mycelium in soil might generally increase under extreme events, root colonisation, however, is host species specific. This might amplify community shifts in grassland under climate change by further increasing stress resistance of species that already benefit from changed precipitation.
Virus‐induced gene silencing in Catharanthus roseus by biolistic inoculation of tobacco rattle virus vectors
Authors: Carqueijeiro I. , Masini E. , Foureau E. , Sepúlveda L. J. , Marais E. , Lanoue A. , Besseau S. , Papon N. , Clastre M. , Dugé de Bernonville T. , Glévarec G. , Atehortùa L. , Oudin A. , Courdavault V. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCatharanthus roseus constitutes the unique source of several valuable monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, including the antineoplastics vinblastine and vincristine. These alkaloids result from a complex biosynthetic pathway encompassing between 30 and 50 enzymatic steps whose characterisation is still underway. The most recent identifications of genes from this pathway relied on a tobacco rattle virus‐based virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach, involving an Agrobacterium‐mediated inoculation of plasmids encoding the two genomic components of the virus. As an alternative, we developed a biolistic‐mediated approach of inoculation of virus‐encoding plasmids that can be easily performed by a simple bombardment of young C. roseus plants. After optimisation of the transformation conditions, we showed that this approach efficiently silenced the phytoene desaturase gene, leading to strong and reproducible photobleaching of leaves. This biolistic transformation was also used to silence a previously characterised gene from the alkaloid biosynthetic pathway, encoding iridoid oxidase. Plant bombardment caused down‐regulation of the targeted gene (70%), accompanied by a correlated decreased in MIA biosynthesis (45–90%), similar to results obtained via agro‐transformation. Thus, the biolistic‐based VIGS approach developed for C. roseus appears suitable for gene function elucidation and can readily be used instead of the Agrobacterium‐based approach, e.g. when difficulties arise with agro‐inoculations or when Agrobacterium‐free procedures are required to avoid plant defence responses.
Presidential Address 2014: The more‐or‐less interrupting effects of the startle response
Authors: Blumenthal Terry D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe startle response can be used to assess differences in a variety of ongoing processes across species, sensory modalities, ages, clinical conditions, and task conditions. Startle serves defensive functions, but it may also interrupt ongoing processes, allowing for a reorientation of resources to potential danger. A wealth of research suggests that prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI) is an indicator of the protection of the processing of the prepulse from interruption by the startle response. However, protection against interruption by suppressing the startle response may extend to many other ongoing processes, including the higher processing of the startle stimulus itself. Proof of protection would require measuring ongoing processing, which has very rarely been reported. The idea that PPI represents the protection of the earliest stages of prepulse processing can be challenged, since those earliest stages are completed by the time the startle response occurs, so they are not threatened by interruption and need not be protected. The conception of low PPI as indicative of a “gating deficit” in schizophrenia should be made with caution, since low PPI is seen in some, but not all studies of schizophrenia, but also in a range of other disorders and conditions. Finally, startle is often used to probe ongoing processes, but the response also modifies those processes, interrupting some processes but perhaps facilitating others. A deeper understanding of the function of startle and PPI might improve the precision of application of these measures in the investigation of a range of research topics.
Cost–utility analysis of an advanced pressure ulcer management protocol followed by trained wound, ostomy, and continence nurses
Authors: Kaitani Toshiko , Nakagami Gojiro , Iizaka Shinji , Fukuda Takashi , Oe Makoto , Igarashi Ataru , Mori Taketoshi , Takemura Yukie , Mizokami Yuko , Sugama Junko , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe high prevalence of severe pressure ulcers (PUs) is an important issue that requires to be highlighted in Japan. In a previous study, we devised an advanced PU management protocol to enable early detection of and intervention for deep tissue injury and critical colonization. This protocol was effective for preventing more severe PUs. The present study aimed to compare the cost‐effectiveness of the care provided using an advanced PU management protocol, from a medical provider's perspective, implemented by trained wound, ostomy, and continence nurses (WOCNs), with that of conventional care provided by a control group of WOCNs. A Markov model was constructed for a 1‐year time horizon to determine the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of advanced PU management compared with conventional care. The number of quality‐adjusted life‐years gained, and the cost in Japanese yen (¥) ($US1 = ¥120; 2015) was used as the outcome. Model inputs for clinical probabilities and related costs were based on our previous clinical trial results. Univariate sensitivity analyses were performed. Furthermore, a Bayesian multivariate probability sensitivity analysis was performed using Monte Carlo simulations with advanced PU management. Two different models were created for initial cohort distribution. For both models, the expected effectiveness for the intervention group using advanced PU management techniques was high, with a low expected cost value. The sensitivity analyses suggested that the results were robust. Intervention by WOCNs using advanced PU management techniques was more effective and cost‐effective than conventional care.
The exercise‐induced biochemical milieu enhances collagen content and tensile strength of engineered ligaments
Authors: West Daniel W. D. , Lee‐Barthel Ann , McIntyre Todd , Shamim Baubak , Lee Cassandra A. , Baar Keith 
Published: August 2015

Key points
Exercise acutely increases the concentrations of metabolites and hormones such as growth hormone (GH) and, to a lesser extent, insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1); however, the biological function of this response is unclear.
Pharmacological administration of these hormones stimulates collagen synthesis in muscle and tendon; however, whether the post‐exercise biochemical milieu has a similar action is unknown.
Treating engineered ligaments with serum obtained from young healthy men after exercise resulted in more collagen and improved tensile strength over those treated with serum from resting men.
Further, we show that the increase in collagen induced by post‐exercise serum (i) is not reproduced by treatment with recombinant GH or IGF‐1, and (ii) is associated with the activation of PI3 kinase/mTORC1 and ERK1/2 signalling.
AbstractExercise stimulates a dramatic change in the concentration of circulating hormones, such as growth hormone (GH), but the biological functions of this response are unclear. Pharmacological GH administration stimulates collagen synthesis; however, whether the post‐exercise systemic milieu has a similar action is unknown. We aimed to determine whether the collagen content and tensile strength of tissue‐engineered ligaments is enhanced by serum obtained post‐exercise. Primary cells from a human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) were used to engineer ligament constructs in vitro. Blood obtained from 12 healthy young men 15 min after resistance exercise contained GH concentrations that were ∼7‐fold greater than resting serum (P < 0.001), whereas IGF‐1 was not elevated at this time point (P = 0.21 vs. rest). Ligament constructs were treated for 7 days with medium supplemented with serum obtained at rest (RestTx) or 15 min post‐exercise (ExTx), before tensile testing and collagen content analysis. Compared with RestTx, ExTx enhanced collagen content (+19%; 181 ± 33 vs. 215 ± 40 μg per construct P = 0.001) and ligament mechanical properties – maximal tensile load (+17%, P = 0.03 vs. RestTx) and ultimate tensile strength (+10%, P = 0.15 vs. RestTx). In a separate set of engineered ligaments, recombinant IGF‐1, but not GH, enhanced collagen content and mechanics. Bioassays in 2D culture revealed that acute treatment with post‐exercise serum activated mTORC1 and ERK1/2. In conclusion, the post‐exercise biochemical milieu, but not recombinant GH, enhances collagen content and tensile strength of engineered ligaments, in association with mTORC1 and ERK1/2 activation.