bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1,3-Butadiene Exposure and Metabolism among Japanese American, Native Hawaiian, and White Smokers
Authors: Park Sungshim Lani , Kotapati Srikanth , Wilkens Lynne R. , Tiirikainen Maarit , Murphy Sharon E. , Tretyakova Natalia , Le Marchand Loïc 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background: We hypothesize that the differences in lung cancer risk in Native Hawaiians, whites, and Japanese Americans may, in part, be due to variation in the metabolism of 1,3-butadiene, one of the most abundant carcinogens in cigarette smoke.
Methods: We measured two biomarkers of 1,3-butadiene exposure, monohydroxybutyl mercapturic acid (MHBMA) and dihydroxybutyl mercapturic acid (DHBMA), in overnight urine samples among 584 Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, and white smokers in Hawaii. These values were normalized to creatinine levels. Ethnic-specific geometric means were compared adjusting for age at urine collection, sex, body mass index, and nicotine equivalents (a marker of total nicotine uptake).
Results: We found that mean urinary MHBMA differed by race/ethnicity (P = 0.0002). The values were highest in whites and lowest in Japanese Americans. This difference was only observed in individuals with the GSTT1-null genotype (P = 0.0001). No difference across race/ethnicity was found among those with at least one copy of the GSTT1 gene (P ≥ 0.72). Mean urinary DHBMA did not differ across racial/ethnic groups.
Conclusions: The difference in urinary MHBMA excretion levels from cigarette smoking across three ethnic groups is, in part, explained by the GSTT1 genotype. Mean urinary MHBMA levels are higher in whites among GSTT1-null smokers.
Impact: The overall higher excretion levels of MHBMA in whites and lower levels of MHBMA in Japanese Americans are consistent with the higher lung cancer risk in the former. However, the excretion levels of MHBMA in Native Hawaiians are not consistent with their disease risk and thus unlikely to explain their high risk of lung cancer.
See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Cancer in Asian and Pacific Islander Populations.”
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2240–9. ©2014 AACR.
Human Papillomavirus Genotype-Specific Prevalence across the Continuum of Cervical Neoplasia and Cancer
Authors: Joste Nancy E. , Ronnett Brigitte M. , Hunt William C. , Pearse Amanda , Langsfeld Erika , Leete Thomas , Jaramillo MaryAnn , Stoler Mark H. , Castle Philip E. , Wheeler Cosette M. ,   for the New Mexico HPV Pap Registry Steering Committee
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background: The New Mexico HPV Pap Registry was established to measure the impact of cervical cancer prevention strategies in the United States. Before widespread human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine implementation, we established the baseline prevalence for a broad spectrum of HPV genotypes across the continuum of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cancer.
Methods: A population-based sample of 6,272 tissue specimens was tested for 37 HPV genotypes. The number of specimens tested within each diagnostic category was: 541 negative, 1,411 CIN grade 1 (CIN1), 2,226 CIN grade 2 (CIN2), and 2,094 CIN grade 3 (CIN3) or greater. Age-specific HPV prevalence was estimated within categories for HPV genotypes targeted by HPV vaccines.
Results: The combined prevalence of HPV genotypes included in the quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines increased from 15.3% and 29.3% in CIN1 to 58.4% and 83.7% in CIN3, respectively. Prevalence of HPV types included in both vaccines tended to decrease with increasing age for CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), most notably for CIN3 and SCC. The six most common HPV types in descending order of prevalence were HPV-16, -31, -52, -58, -33, and -39 for CIN3 and HPV-16, -18, -31, -45, -52, and -33 for invasive cancers.
Conclusions: Health economic modeling of HPV vaccine impact should consider age-specific differences in HPV prevalence.
Impact: Population-based HPV prevalence in CIN is not well described, but is requisite for longitudinal assessment of vaccine impact and to understand the effectiveness and performance of various cervical screening strategies in vaccinated and unvaccinated women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(1); 230–40. ©2014 AACR.
Observations of Turbulence Caused by a Combination of Tides and Mean Baroclinic Flow over a Fjord Sill
Authors: Staalstrøm Andre , Arneborg Lars , Liljebladh Bengt , Broström Göran 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis study investigates the dissipation rates and flow conditions at the Drøbak Sill in the Oslofjord. The area was transected 13 times with a free-falling microstructure shear probe during 4 days in June 2011. At the same time, an ADCP was deployed inside the sill. During most tidal cycles, internal hydraulic jumps with high dissipation rates were found on the downstream side of the sill. However, the internal response varied strongly between different tidal cycles with similar barotropic forcing. In the beginning of the observational period, ebb tides had no hydraulic jumps, and in the end one of the flood tides did not have a hydraulic jump. During the same period, the mean baroclinic exchange flow changed from inflow to outflow in the bottom layer. The authors conclude that the conditions at the sill are on the edge of forming hydraulic jumps and that the mean baroclinic exchange may push the flow above or below the limit of a hydraulic jump depending on the situation. This conclusion is supported by two-layer hydraulic theory. The volume-integrated dissipation rates within 500 m from the sill crest compare well with estimates of energy loss in the lower layer calculated from the Bernoulli drop under the assumption of no energy loss in the upper layer. Finally, the mean dissipation rate at the sill was compared with the radiation of internal tidal energy away from the sill, and it was found that about 60%–90% of the total energy loss was dissipated locally.
A NEW METHODOLOGY ON STRATEGIC PLANNING
Authors: Bütüner Hakan 
Published: November 2014

A systematic method of strategic planning is anticipated to be easily understood and straightforward; based on fundamentals; and to be universally applicable for any type of business. Accordingly, this methodology is generated for the purpose of assembling the disconnected and disorderly ideas, processes, and techniques (written on strategy and business development) under the same roof, in order to develop a systematic methodology that is easily understandable and applicable. As many sources exhort managers to“think strategically” or prescribe “strategic leadership” to helicopter out of tactical day-to-day management, only a few address how to make this happen. Where strategic analysis tools are explained, this is most frequently done conceptually rather than practically on how to utilize the tools for strategic planning. Moreover, as fondly as it may sound, there is an exact approach or systematic thinking on this issue; our intention is to bring in a new perspective to the reader and, more significantly, to provide a different benefit by the application of this systematic methodology.Systematic strategic planning (SSP) consists of a framework of phases through which each project passes, a pattern of procedures for straight-forward planning, and the fundamentals involved in any strategic planning project.
ANALYSIS OF VALUE ADDED DISTRIBUTION AND LEVEL OF TRANSACTION COSTS IN THE RUSSIAN CORPORATIONS
Authors: Pletnev Dmitri , Nikolaeva Ekaterina , Bitkulova Zinfira 
Published: November 2014

Modern understanding of the corporation as an integrated system driven by a common goal of profit maximization has brought both economic theory and management practices to a deadlock. Incorrect understanding of the modern corporation’s core, as well as inability to adequately assess them, became one of the causes of the global economic crisis. One of the promising “reanimation” options of the modern firm theory is the institutional approach. However, this approach is in dire need of measurable operational criteria and indicators that would tie business practices together with their basic theoretical categories: institute, contract, and transaction costs.The scope of this paper is to offer and demonstrate the possibilities of testing methodology for assessing the corporation as an institutional unit of an economic system. To do so, we propose a new approach in the assessment of institutional compliance of the corporations with the expectations of their major subjects. It is based on estimating the distribution of the gross added value between the subjects. Moreover, the technique of assessing the level of transaction costs in corporations, based on data accounting, is proposed. The methods were tested on examples of real Russian metallurgical industry corporations as reported between 2003 and 2012. The presence of a statistically significant negative connection between the share of value added revenue and level of transaction costs, as well as between the share of value added at the owners disposal and the transaction costs level, was established. The presence of a statistically significant positive connection between the level of transaction costs and share of value added, at the disposal of workers, was established.
FRANCHISE EXPECTATIONS: CASE OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Kaziyeva Raissa 
Published: November 2014

The purpose of the article is to provide a critical review of franchising development in Kazakhstan by focusing on the relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee. We have conducted extensive research and communicated with lots of potential and existing Kazakhstani franchisors and franchisees, operating since 2003. Our findings show that the process of signing franchising agreements is quite challenging in Kazakhstan. Thorough investigation of the differences between expectations and actual responsibilities from both two sides of franchising agreement allows us to overcome misconception and eliminate the aspirations of automatic success. This article attempts to give practical implications for franchising development in Kazakhstan that will raise the effectiveness and enhance the credibility of franchising business through preliminary screening of subjective assumptions regarding franchising advantages and benefits, using a cross-comparative analysis, as well as provide recommendation to add addenda and clarifications to the agreement as necessary.
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND AND ITS IMPACT ON IDEOLOGICAL STRUCTURING OF POLITICAL PARTIES
Authors: Lami Roland 
Published: November 2014

One of the institutions that has played a very important role in the post-communist period in Albania, is the International Monetary Fund (IMF). For pragmatic reasons or for guaranteeing their legitimacy, political parties have found it indispensable to cooperate with this institution. But, if we consider the role of the IMF from ideological perspectives, we would find that regardless of which party was in power (Socialist Party or Democratic Party) the respective government still has to follow its instructions and recommendations of a neoliberal nature. This behavior has prevented political parties, especially those of the left wing, to get structured from the perspective of ideological profile. For this reason, the entire discussion is mainly focused on the left-wing political perspective, as the principles of the right wing are closer to the IMF’s neoliberal philosophy, from the ideological standpoint.
Negotiating meaning in the consumption of the past
Authors: Smith Fiona , Brown Mary 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The Internet and social networking technologies have facilitated communication between groups of retrophiles or fans of the past. The article seeks to examine motivations for retrophilic action and to discuss these ideas within the present late capitalist culture. The article discusses how retrophiles seem to use the past in order to (re)construct their individual and collective identities and it examines two recent media representations that present retrophiles in discourses of consumption and acquisition.
Parasitic contamination of urban and rural environments in the Slovak Republic: dog’s excrements as a source
Authors: Papajová I. , Pipiková J. , Papaj J. , Čižmár A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the possibility of soil contamination with propagative stages of intestinal endoparasites at different public places (public parks, playgrounds, sandpits, sidewalks, road sides). In a one-year-study, totally 578 dog’s faecal samples from 8 towns (Košice, Trebišov, Veľké Kapušany, Prešov, Snina, Levoča, Zvolen and Trenčín) and 3 villages (Dlhé Stráže, Dravce, Valaliky) were examined for the presence of parasitic germs. 29.9 % of faecal samples were positive. Eight different species of intestinal parasites with following incidence were detected: Toxocara canis (11.9 %), Trichuris vulpis (8.5 %), Ancylostomatidae (8.1 %), Taenia spp. (4.0 %), Toxascaris leonina (3.1 %), Capillaria spp. (1.0 %), Dipylidium caninum (0.2 %) and Coccidia oocysts (0.2 %). Additionally 285 sandpits were examined. Sand samples were collected from Košice (136), Zvolen (38), Trenčín (36), Prešov (30), Veľké Kapušany (24), Snina (15), and village Valaliky (6). The parasitic eggs occurence in the sandpits was as follows: Toxocara spp. (11.8 %), Ancylostomatidae (1.1 %), Taenia type (0.7 %) and Trichuris spp. (0.4 %). The occurrence of Toxocara spp. varied between the urban and rural environments. The highest number of Toxocara spp. was found in village Valaliky (33.3 %) whereas cities showed lesser prevalence (Prešov — 10 %, Košice — 7.4 %, Trenčín — 5.6 %, Zvolen — 5.3 %, Veľké Kapušany — 4.2 %). The epidemiological aspects and health risk factors are also discussed.
Larval strigeoid trematodes in anurans from southern Nigeria
Authors: Edo-Taiwo O. , Ovwah E. , Imasuen A. , Aisien M. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Anurans from locations in the rainforest, derived savannah and a monoculture plantation in Nigeria were examined for infection with strigeoid trematode larvae. Two types of metacercarial cysts were recovered. The cyst type I (rounded with fringe projections) occurred in tree frogs from the Okomu National Park, at Usen (derived savannah) and the Okomu Oil Palm Plantation (OOPP). The cyst type II was recovered from A. dorsalis and Ptychadena bibroni collected at OOPP. The cysts were ovoid in shape, devoid of projections at the fringes and were not subject to trypsin action. An unencysted metacercaria was found in A. dorsalis collected at Usen while mesocercaria of Alaria occurred in the lungs of Pty. pumilio at OOPP. The finding of Alaria mesocercaria in Pty. pumilio is of public health importance in view of the fact that many ranid frogs are consumed in Nigeria and other West African countries.
New data on Malayometastrongylus diardinematus (Gibbons and Krishnasamy, 1986) (Metastrongyloidea: Angiostrongylidae) a lungworm occurring in Rattus tanezumi (Temminck, 1844) from South-East Asia
Authors: Veciana M. , Chaisiri K. , Phuphisut O. , Morand S. , Ribas A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
A survey of rodents from Luang Prabang Province (Lao PDR) in February 2010 and May 2012 allowed examining lungs of 95 rodents belonging to 7 different genera (Bandicota, Berylmys, Cannomys, Leopoldamys, Maxomys, Mus, Rattus). The helminth Malayometastrongylus diardinematus (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) was identified in Rattus tanezumi living in close contact with humans, being the first report after its original description in R. tanezumi from Malaysia. A molecular study using mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of M. diardinematus placed the genus Malayometastrongylus in a separate clade in comparison with Angiostrongylus cantonensis (subgenus Parastrongylus) and other representatives of the genus, both present in rodents of South East Asia.
Kinetics of thermal degradation of wood biomass
Authors: Hrablay Ivan , Jelemenský Ľudovít 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPyrolysis kinetics of a hardwood representative, beech (Fagus sylvatica), was investigated by two different kinetic approaches: model-free isoconversional method and model-fitting method. The model-free isoconversional method was used for the determination of apparent kinetic parameters, i.e. the activation energy and pre-exponential factor. The model fitting method was used for the optimization of kinetic parameters of the reaction pathways of three selected reaction mechanisms: one-step, two-step, and three-step one. In both approaches, thermo-gravimetric data were used at five heating rates: 2°C min−1, 5°C min−1, 10°C min−1, 15°C min−1 and 20°C min−1. As the most suitable mechanism, the three-step mechanism containing the intermediate degradation step was chosen. This selection was supported by experimental results from the 13C NMR analysis of solid residues prepared at the key temperatures within the range of 230–500°C. The progress of mass fraction values of each component in this mechanism was simulated. Conclusions from the simulation were confronted with experimental results from the 13C NMR.
Intensification of heat transfer in a liquid film evaporator
Authors: Timár Pavol , Nemsilová Lenka , Timár Pavel , Stopka Ján , Štibrányi Ladislav , Báleš Vladimír 
Published: November 2014

AbstractInfluence of the heat exchanger shape on the heat transfer efficiency investigated. Heat transfer efficiency of two vertical pipe-in-pipe heat exchangers, one with a straight wall and the other with a twisted wall were compared. Both heat exchangers worked on the principle of liquid falling film. Electric transformer oil was used as the heated liquid and water vapor at atmospheric pressure was used as the heating agent. Oil was just heated, not evaporated during the experiments. Oil inlet and outlet temperature were measured at six different oil mass flows. Heat flux and heat flux density in the straight- and twisted-wall heat exchangers were compared. Mathematical model was built to verify the possibility of the oil outlet temperature prediction.
Virtual Kitchen Test
Authors: Oliveira J. , Caires C. , Morais D. , Brito R. , Lopes P. , Saraiva T. , Soares F. , Sottomayor C. , Barata F. , Picareli F. , Prates M. , Santos C. , Gamito P. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryIntroduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “New Methodologies for Patients Rehabilitation”.Background: The ecological validity of paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests is currently a matter of debate. Arguments in favor of alternatives indicate that paper-and-pencil forms are unable to account for both mental and functional aspects of cognitive functioning.Objectives: In this study we developed a new neuropsychological evaluation test – the Virtual Kitchen Test (VKT) – devised to evaluate frontal brain functioning in cognitively impaired individuals. We designed this test according to the rationale of the Trail Making Test (TMT), in order to capture frontal lobe abilities during a more ecologically valid task.Methods: Forty-nine participants, 25 from a clinical sample of patients diagnosed with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome, plus 24 healthy participants.Results: Execution errors and task completion time were significantly higher in the clinical sample. Also, scores on the new VKT showed moderate to high positive correlations with scores on the TMT. Furthermore, the overall discriminant performance of the VKT was high for both of its indicators.Conclusions: Overall results support the ability of the VKT to evaluate frontal lobe functions. The best cut-off scores based on this sample are discussed.
A molecular identification protocol for roots of boreal forest tree species
Authors: Randall Morgan J. , Karst Justine , Pec Gregory J. , Davis Corey S. , Hall Jocelyn C. , Cahill James F. 
Published: November 2014

• Premise of the study: Roots play a key role in many ecological processes, yet our ability to identify species from bulk root samples is limited. Molecular tools may be used to identify species from root samples, but they have not yet been developed for most systems. Here we present a PCR‐based method previously used to identify roots of grassland species, modified for use in boreal forests.• Methods: We used repeatable interspecific size differences in fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphisms of three noncoding chloroplast DNA regions to identify seven woody species common to boreal forests in Alberta, Canada.• Results: Abies balsamea, Alnus crispa, Betula papyrifera, Pinus contorta, and Populus tremuloides were identifiable to species, while Picea glauca and Picea mariana were identifiable to genus. In mixtures of known composition of foliar DNA, species were identified with 98% accuracy using one region. Mixed root samples of unknown composition were identified with 100% accuracy; four species were identified using one region, while three species were identified using two regions.• Discussion: This methodology is accurate, efficient, and inexpensive, and thus a valuable approach for ecological studies of roots. Furthermore, this method has now been validated for both grassland and boreal forest systems, and thus may also have applications in any plant community.
Development of multiplex microsatellite PCR panels for the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii (Hydrocharitaceae)
Authors: van Dijk Kor‐jent , Mellors Jane , Waycott Michelle 
Published: November 2014

• Premise of the study: New microsatellites were developed for the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii (Hydrocharitaceae), a long‐lived seagrass species that is found throughout the shallow waters of tropical and subtropical Indo‐West Pacific. Three multiplex PCR panels were designed utilizing new and previously developed markers, resulting in a toolkit for generating a 16‐locus genotype.• Methods and Results: Through the use of microsatellite enrichment and next‐generation sequencing, 16 new, validated, polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated. Diversity was between two and four alleles per locus totaling 36 alleles. These markers, plus previously developed microsatellite markers for T. hemprichii and T. testudinum, were tested for suitability in multiplex PCR panels.• Conclusions: The generation of an easily replicated suite of multiplex panels of codominant molecular markers will allow for high‐resolution and detailed genetic structure analysis and clonality assessment with minimal genotyping costs. We suggest the establishment of a T. hemprichii primer convention for the unification of future data sets.