bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The Guardian Genius of Democracy”: The Myth of the Heroic Teacher in Lyndon B. Johnson’s Education Policy Rhetoric, 1964–1966
Authors: Steudeman Michael J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The myth of the heroic teacher posits that transformational educators, through sheer will, dedication, and selflessness, can break through complacent school bureaucracies to alter the lives of students born into difficult circumstances. Like all myths, the heroic teacher myth functions as depoliticized speech; it reconciles the competing egalitarian and individualistic components of the American Dream by providing a heroic resolution to indissoluble tensions. As president, Lyndon B. Johnson invoked his experience as an educator to construct a character formally aligned with historic conceptions of ideal teaching. Through this construction, he developed a framework of educational heroism that related synecdochically to the institutional reforms propounded by his landmark education legislation. By analyzing Johnson’s education policy rhetoric between 1964 and 1966, I argue that Johnson’s use of the heroic teacher myth operated to shift the antipoverty emphasis of the Great Society to the center of federal calls for education reform. I conclude by juxtaposing Johnson’s invocation of the myth against that of contemporary education reformers, who marshal the myth toward a less sustainable vision of education that valorizes heroic teachers as the solitary cure for poverty.
“There Was No One Coming With Enough Power to Save Us”: Waiting for “Superman” and the Rhetoric of the New Education Documentary
Authors: Hermansen Paige M. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The critically acclaimed 2010 documentary film Waiting for “Superman” depicts American public education as a fundamentally flawed system and argues that privately managed charter schools are the best solution to our country’s education crisis. This essay argues that Waiting for “Superman” is significant because of how successfully its argument for charter schools appealed to a broad and politically diverse audience. After tracing the rhetoric of contemporary pro-privatization education reform from the Reagan administration’s 1983 A Nation at Risk report to current pro-charter-school reform efforts, this article aims to demonstrate how the film’s populist overtones, packaged in a traditionally liberal medium, work to strategically conceal the filmmaker’s neoliberal agenda.
MicroRNAs Influence Reproductive Responses by Females to Male Sex Peptide inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Fricke Claudia , Green Darrell , Smith Damian , Dalmay Tamas , Chapman Tracey 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAcross taxa, female behavior and physiology change significantly following the receipt of ejaculate molecules during mating. For example, receipt of sex peptide (SP) in female Drosophila melanogaster significantly alters female receptivity, egg production, lifespan, hormone levels, immunity, sleep, and feeding patterns. These changes are underpinned by distinct tissue- and time-specific changes in diverse sets of mRNAs. However, little is yet known about the regulation of these gene expression changes, and hence the potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs), in female postmating responses. A preliminary screen of genomic responses in females to receipt of SP suggested that there were changes in the expression of several miRNAs. Here we tested directly whether females lacking four of the candidate miRNAs highlighted (miR-279, miR-317, miR-278, and miR-184) showed altered fecundity, receptivity, and lifespan responses to receipt of SP, when mated once or continually to SP null or control males. The results showed that miRNA-lacking females mated to SP null males exhibited altered receptivity, but not reproductive output, in comparison to controls. However, these effects interacted significantly with the genetic background of the miRNA-lacking females. No significant survival effects were observed in miRNA-lacking females housed continually with SP null or control males. However, continual exposure to control males that transferred SP resulted in significantly higher variation in miRNA-lacking female lifespan than did continual exposure to SP null males. The results provide the first insight into the effects and importance of miRNAs in regulating postmating responses in females.
A New Simple Method for Improving QTL Mapping Under Selective Genotyping
Authors: Lee Hsin-I , Ho Hsiang-An , Kao Chen-Hung 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The selective genotyping approach, where only individuals from the high and low extremes of the trait distribution are selected for genotyping and the remaining individuals are not genotyped, has been known as a cost-saving strategy to reduce genotyping work and can still maintain nearly equivalent efficiency to complete genotyping in QTL mapping. We propose a novel and simple statistical method based on the normal mixture model for selective genotyping when both genotyped and ungenotyped individuals are fitted in the model for QTL analysis. Compared to the existing methods, the main feature of our model is that we first provide a simple way for obtaining the distribution of QTL genotypes for the ungenotyped individuals and then use it, rather than the population distribution of QTL genotypes as in the existing methods, to fit the ungenotyped individuals in model construction. Another feature is that the proposed method is developed on the basis of a multiple-QTL model and has a simple estimation procedure similar to that for complete genotyping. As a result, the proposed method has the ability to provide better QTL resolution, analyze QTL epistasis, and tackle multiple QTL problem under selective genotyping. In addition, a truncated normal mixture model based on a multiple-QTL model is developed when only the genotyped individuals are considered in the analysis, so that the two different types of models can be compared and investigated in selective genotyping. The issue in determining threshold values for selective genotyping in QTL mapping is also discussed. Simulation studies are performed to evaluate the proposed methods, compare the different models, and study the QTL mapping properties in selective genotyping. The results show that the proposed method can provide greater QTL detection power and facilitate QTL mapping for selective genotyping. Also, selective genotyping using larger genotyping proportions may provide roughly equivalent power to complete genotyping and that using smaller genotyping proportions has difficulties doing so. The R code of our proposed method is available on http://www.stat.sinica.edu.tw/chkao/.
Amor fati Fryderyka Nietzschego (konieczność i przypadkowość losu człowieka)
Authors: Pałasiński Paweł 
Published: September 2014

This article is about the concept of amor fati in the Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy. In philosophy of Beyond Good and Evil the author’s idea of amor fati combines reflections on fortuitousness and necessity in the context of human life. In this paper, the author attempts to show the significance of this idea by the interpretation of Nietzsche’s statements about the following concepts: fortuitousness and necessity. The other issue is Nietzsche’s writing about his own attitude to life and the world. The amor fati idea appear to be an existential challenge that Nietzsche confronts with people who want to see their life as meaningful. By Nietzsche fortuitousness as the essence of the world is subordinate to the human life requiring the purpose. The amor fati concept appears as one way of life in the world without purpose.
Improving Drilling-Operations Efficiency on an Ultranarrow-Margin High-Pressure/High-Temperature Managed-Pressure-Drilling Well With Use of a Mud Cap
Authors: Oyovwevotu Joy , Low Eric , Nas Steve 
Published: September 2014

Summary
As the industry pushes the boundary of technology to drill narrow-margin wells, combining safe drilling practices with drilling efficiency is becoming ever more challenging. The practice of drilling with managed-pressure drilling (MPD) by use of statically underbalanced mud weight (MW) is gaining increasing acceptance in high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) well construction. This paper describes the planning and execution of using mud-cap fluid in the drilling of an ultranarrow-margin (0.50-lbm/gal window at the planning stage) HPHT well from a jack-up rig.
Drilling equivalent circulating density with overbalanced MW at acceptable flow rate would have exceeded the formation-fracture gradient and resulted in a loss of well integrity. To avoid this outcome, the HP/HT section of the well was drilled with statically underbalanced MW. Displacing well to kill-weight fluid at acceptable flow rates before any trip out of hole was not viable. Planning focused on how to maximize operational efficiency with a cap fluid to trip in and out of hole without compromising openhole integrity and well safety.
In this paper, we discuss the design of the mud-cap fluid, selection of change over depth, risks associated with use of the cap fluid, determination of available window for mud-cap placement and removal, planning and execution of mud-cap placement and removal, challenges of running and displacing the cap fluid with a liner, and lessons learned from the repeated use of the technique throughout the well-construction phase, including coring and wireline logging under MPD conditions.
Significant operational efficiency was gained from the use of cap fluids, making it possible to drill a well that would otherwise have been near impossible to drill with minimum lost time.
Effect of Class III bone anchor treatment on airway
Authors: Nguyen Tung , De Clerck Hugo , Wilson Michael , Golden Brent 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To compare airway volumes and minimum cross-section area changes of Class III patients treated with bone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) versus untreated Class III controls.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-eight consecutive skeletal Class III patients between the ages of 10 and 14 years (mean age, 11.9 years) were treated using Class III intermaxillary elastics and bilateral miniplates (two in the infra-zygomatic crests of the maxilla and two in the anterior mandible). The subjects had cone beam computed tomographs (CBCTs) taken before initial loading (T1) and 1 year out (T2). Twenty-eight untreated Class III patients (mean age, 12.4 years) had CBCTs taken and cephalograms generated. The airway volumes and minimum cross-sectional area measurements were performed using Dolphin Imaging 11.7 3D software. The superior border of the airway was defined by a plane that passes through the posterior nasal spine and basion, while the inferior border included the base of the epiglottis to the lower border of C3.

Results:
From T1 to T2, airway volume from BAMP-treated subjects showed a statistically significant increase (1499.64 mm3). The area in the most constricted section of the airway (choke point) increased slightly (15.44 mm2). The airway volume of BAMP patients at T2 was 14136.61 mm3, compared with 14432.98 mm3 in untreated Class III subjects. Intraexaminer correlation coefficients values and 95% confidence interval values were all greater than .90, showing a high degree of reliability of the measurements.

Conclusion:
BAMP treatment did not hinder the development of the oropharynx.
Soft tissue airway dimensions and craniocervical posture in subjects with different growth patterns
Authors: Ansar Juhi , Maheshwari Sandhya , Verma Sanjeev K. , Singh Raj Kumar , Agarwal Deepak K. , Bhattacharya Preeti 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTObjective: To compare the dimensions of the nasopharynx and oropharynx of subjects with different growth patterns and to determine whether any correlation exists with their craniocervical posture.Materials and Methods: Cephalometric radiograph of 60 subjects (16–25 years old), taken in natural head position, were divided into three groups according to the mandibular plane angle: hypodivergent (SN/MP &lt;26°), normodivergent (SN/MP 26°–38°), and hyperdivergent (SN/MP &lt;38°). Correlations were calculated between nasopharyngeal area, oropharyngeal area, and craniocervical posture. Continuous variables were compared by one-way analysis of variance, and the significance of mean difference between the groups was done by the Tukey post hoc test. A value of P &lt; .05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Patients in the hyperdivergent group were found to have significantly smaller nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal areas than the other groups (P &lt; .001 and P &lt; .05, respectively). Similarly, the oropharyngeal area in the normodivergent group was significantly smaller than that in the hypodivergent group (P &lt; .05). However, no significant differences were found in the nasopharyngeal area between the hypodivergent and normodivergent groups and between the hyperdivergent and normodivergent groups (P &gt; .05). Reduced pharyngeal airways were typically seen in patients with a large craniocervical angle and a large mandibular inclination.Conclusions: Smaller nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal airways were seen in connection with a large craniocervical and a large mandibular inclination. We therefore suggest that the vertical skeletal pattern may be one of the factors that contribute to nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal obstruction.
Maternal Mortality: Paradigm Shift in Nepal
Authors: Bhadari TR , Dangal G 
Published: September 2014

Achieving Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 still remains a challenge to Nepal. It is necessary to collect reliable evidence on maternal health for tackling MDG 5 with limited resources. A continuous assessment of maternal mortality is required to assure the progress towards the MDG 5. This study aims to assess the results of the different studies on maternal mortality in Nepal.The results published in PubMed, Lancet, Medline, WHO and Google Scholar web pages from 1990 to 2012 have been utilized to prepare this paper. In spite of the low proportion of births attended by skilled persons and institutional delivery, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Nepal has declined drastically between the years 1990 and 2011, from 850 to 229 deaths per 100,000 live births. In recent years, Nepal is also reaching progress in different maternal health indicators such as mothers receiving antenatal care from skilled providers (60%- up from 24% in 1996). More than one-third births in the past five years have been assisted by skilled care providers. Nearly, 45% of women received postnatal care for their last birth in the first two days after delivery, 38% of women is aware of abortion which has been legalized since 2003.Though maternal health is a priority agenda of Nepal among the policy makers and the country is likely to achieve Millennium Development Goal 5 by the year 2015, there is still a wide gap between policies and charted targets, and the real accessibility and availability of the quality health services. DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i2.11132 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 2 / Issue 14 / July-Dec, 2012 / 3-8
A Clinical Audit of Pap Smear Test for Screening of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Tamrakar SR , Chawla CD 
Published: September 2014

Aims: Cervical cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in gynecology clients. It accounts for the most common cancer in women. A Papanicolaou (Pap) smear test (cervical cytology screening) is one of the best tests to screen for cervical cancer in its premalignant stage. The objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of abnormal Pap smear results and to determine the contributing factors for it. Methods: The out patient clinic register was reviewed. Out-patients clinic register from 1 Jan 2008 to 31 Dec 2011showed that a total of 25511 gynecology clients were seen. In these four years duration, a total of 1506 Pap smear samples were taken which accounted for 5.9% of the total gynecology clients. The samples were collected only after proper counseling and consent from the clients who visited the clinic for various gynecology complaints. Assumed predictors of abnormal Pap smear results were examined through inferential way (Chi square test) using Software SPSS version 13.0 for Windows. Results: The preliminary analysis showed the mean age was 37.57 ± 10.72 years (ranging from 18 to 81 years). Most of them were of Newar caste (28.7%), with 3 children (37.6%) and from Kavre District (66%). Most of them (343 clients) were of age group 30 – 34 years whereas 15.8, 10.8, 3.1 and 10.0 % (clients were of 40 – 44, 45 – 49, 50 – 54 and 55 above respectively. A total of 1062 samples were normal whereas 379 samples were suggestive of inflammatory and 39 samples were inadequate for evaluation. We had 22 samples suspicious for malignancy and/or low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and 4 frank malignant cases. This accounted for 1.7% of total Pap smear samples. These cases were scheduled for colposcopic guided biopsies and histologic evaluations. There was significant difference between the age groups and Pap smear results (p=0.003) and parity with Pap smear results (p=0.000, highly significant). But there was no significant difference between caste and Pap smear results (p=0.166). Conclusions: There is no doubt that Pap test is one of the best and easiest tests to screen for precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions. In order to have a high yield it has to be combined with other alternative tests like HPV testing and/or visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) or Lugol’s Iodine (VILI). Besides its use as screening tool, we can also evaluate for chronic cervicitis, sexually transmitted infection (STI), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)and genital prolapse (if any) in same setting. Thus the community people will have broader benefits from the screening program. DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i2.11137 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 2 / Issue 14 / July-Dec, 2012 / 21-24
Maternal Mortality: Sharing Experience from Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital
Authors: Ghimire S 
Published: September 2014

Aims: To analyse causes of maternal deaths and to identify avoidable factors. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of maternal deaths, during a period of one year from 15th April, 2011-15th April, 2012, at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar in the Eastern Region of Nepal case files and hospital records being the data sources. All the maternal deaths were recorded. Results: In one year study period, out of a total of 2,754 deliveries, there were 8 maternal deaths giving maternal mortality ratio of 310/100,000 live births. Three of them resulted from an induced abortion mishap and five of them were obstetric deaths. Four of the direct obstetric deaths resulted from complications of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) of which one case died due to traumatic post partum hemorrhage postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) as a result of torrential bleeding from extensive vaginal wall tear. One indirect obstetric death occurred in a case of twin pregnancy with severe anemia and congestive cardiac failure. Conclusions: Provision of safe abortion services is still not available to many women despite of legalization of abortion in Nepal. Quality antenatal care services would be helpful in avoiding maternal mortality in many situations by detecting and managing medical complications of pregnancy. DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i2.11140 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 2 / Issue 14 / July-Dec, 2012 / 33-35
Comparison of Reliability of Tap Test and Shake Test for Determination of Fetal Lung Maturity
Authors: Bajracharya S 
Published: September 2014

Aims: To compare the reliability of tap test and shake test for determination of fetal lung maturity in pregnant women between 28 weeks and 36 completed week’s gestation either with preterm prelabour rupture of membrane or preterm labour. Methods: Amniotic fluid samples from vaginal pool were obtained from one hundred pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria. Both tap test and shake test were performed in each sample. All deliveries occurred within 72 hours of collection of amniotic fluid. The results of the tests were compared with the incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Results: Out of 100 tests performed, tap test predicted 17% as immature and 83% as mature and shake test predicted 51% as immature and 49% as mature. Among 100 newborns, 9 (9%) were found to be true immature as they developed respiratory distress syndrome. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value for fetal lung immaturity and maturity by tap test was 88.9%, 90.1%, 47.1% and 98.8% respectively and the sensitivity, specificity, predictive value for fetal lung immaturity and maturity by shake test was 100%, 53.8%,17.6% and 100% respectively. Conclusions: In view of very low specificity and predictive value for fetal lung immaturity by shake test compared to that by tap test and lower sensitivity of the tap test than the shake test, neither of the tests is reliable than the other and these two tests can not replace each other DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i2.11141 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 2 / Issue 14 / July-Dec, 2012 / 36-39
Spontaneous Hemoperitoneum Masquerading Placental Abruption: A Case Report
Authors: Subedi S , Banerjee B 
Published: September 2014

Hemoperitoneum during pregnancy is a rare but potentially life threatening condition to both mother and fetus. Spontaneous hemoperitoneum may develop from rupture of various abdominal or pelvic viscera like spleen, pancreas and also uterus from the uterine ovarian vessels and rarely from pelvic endometrial implants. It mimics placental abruption having similar clinical presentation like acute abdominal pain, peritonitis, shock and fetal distress or fetal death. We present a case of spontaneous rupture of superficial uterine vessels in third trimester of pregnancy with an objective to share our experience in managing this rare emergency condition having diagnostic dilemmas. DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i2.11145 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 2 / Issue 14 / July-Dec, 2012 / 50-51