bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing students' knowledge of and performance in communicating with patients with hearing impairment
Authors: Adib‐Hajbaghery Mohsen , Rezaei‐Shahsavarloo Zahra 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimThe present study aimed to investigate nursing students' knowledge of and performance in communicating with patients with hearing impairment.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on all senior nursing students (n = 71) in a nursing school in Iran in 2013. Data collection was performed with a demographics questionnaire, knowledge questionnaire, and performance assessment checklist. Two stages were designed to evaluate the students. In the first stage, students conducted an interview with a simulated patient with hearing impairment who experienced chest pain. In the second stage, students answered the knowledge questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, independent sample Student's t‐test, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data.ResultsIn total, 11.3% of participants had a history of caring for a patient with hearing impairment. The majority of students evaluated their performance in communicating with such patients at a moderate level. A significant difference was observed between the mean score of knowledge in men and women (P = 0.05), and male students gained higher scores. In total, 61.5% of the students had low to very low levels of knowledge and 87.3% of them had weak to very weak performance in communicating with patients with hearing impairment.ConclusionNursing students are lacking in knowledge and skills required for effective communication with patients with hearing impairment. Nurse educators should pay more attention to this issue as it is their responsibility to prepare nurses who are competent to deal with common issues they will face in practice.
Undergraduate nursing students' perceptions about disaster preparedness and response in Istanbul, Turkey, and Miyazaki, Japan: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Öztekin Seher Deniz , Larson Eric Edwin , Yüksel Serpil , Altun Uğraş Gülay 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimAlthough the awareness of disasters has increased among nurses, the concept of disaster preparedness and response has not been sufficiently explored with undergraduate nursing students. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the perceptions of students regarding disaster preparedness and response that live in different earthquake‐prone cities; Istanbul, Turkey and Miyazaki, Japan.MethodsA cross‐sectional study employing seven questions was conducted in a final group of 1053 nursing students from Istanbul, Turkey, and Miyazaki, Japan.ResultsMost study respondents were female, aged 18–22 years, with a high proportion of second year students in both cities. Istanbul's students had more knowledge about disaster preparedness and response in relation to age and year of university, showing statistically significant differences. Istanbul's highest rated responses to disaster characteristics were on structural elements and injuries/deaths, while Miyazaki's was “unpredictable/sudden/disorganized”. Respondents in Istanbul identified earthquakes as the disaster most likely to occur, while respondents in Miyazaki identified typhoon/hurricane. Study participants responded that they could provide caregiver roles during a disaster event rather than triage or managerial roles as disaster responders.ConclusionDisaster characteristics were not described by one third of the students. Of the two‐thirds that were described, most were of events that were highly predictable because of their frequencies in the given areas. Universities need to target and then focus on high‐risk factors in their areas and have disaster plans for students who can provide triage and managerial nursing roles as disaster responders.
Role of first trimester total testosterone in prediction of subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gözükara Yavuz M. , Aytan Hakan , Ertunc Devrim , Tok Ekrem C. , Demirtürk Fazli , Şahin Şemsettin , Aytan Pelin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimTo assess the role of first trimester maternal testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA‐S) levels in prediction of development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsFour hundred and fifty pregnant women were included in this prospective cohort study. All pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy who were not diabetic, had no family history of diabetes, had no history of previous GDM, were of white race and non‐smokers were enrolled. Total testosterone and DHEA‐S were measured at 11–14 weeks of gestation. The patients were called for routine pregnancy visits and followed accordingly. Forty‐two patients did not come to their visits and were excluded. During gestational weeks 24–28, the remaining 408 patients were screened for GDM. The total testosterone and DHEA‐S levels were compared between patients with and without GDM. Regression and receiver–operator curve analysis were performed.ResultsGDM developed in 22 women (5.7%). Compared with women without GDM, first trimester total testosterone levels were higher among women in whom GDM subsequently developed. The DHEA‐S level did not differ. Age, total testosterone and body mass index were found to be independent predictors of GDM development. A total testosterone value of 0.45 ng/mL was found to predict development of GDM with a sensitivity of 63.6% and a specificity of 62.7%.ConclusionFirst trimester total testosterone has a low testing power for GDM screening with low sensitivity and specificity values and cannot be used as a marker alone. It may have a role in combination with other markers.
Manganese Encephalopathy among Ephedron Abusers‐Case Reports
Authors: Janocha‐Litwin Justyna , Marianska Katarzyna , Serafinska Sylwia , Simon Krzysztof 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTEphedrone encephalopathy is referred to as a group of symptoms of manganese deposition within the central nervous system (CNS), resulting from the abuse of ephedrone (methcathinone), obtained in reaction using the excess amount of manganese‐containing oxidants. The diagnosis is based on the contrast‐enhanced head MRI findings characteristic for this syndrome, clinical manifestation and history of ephedrone use. The syndrome has been reported in recent years in young people from Eastern Europe and Russia with a history of ephedrone overuse. However, no report has ever been published on ephedrone encephalopathy in Polish patients.
The pigment composition of Phaeocystis antarctica (Haptophyceae) under various conditions of light, temperature, salinity, and iron
Authors: van Leeuwe Maria A. , Visser Ronald J.W. , Stefels Jacqueline 
Published: September 2014

The pigment composition of Phaeocystis antarctica was monitored under various conditions of light, temperature, salinity, and iron. 19′‐Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin (Hex‐fuco) always constituted the major light‐harvesting pigment, with remarkably stable ratios of Hex‐fuco‐to‐chl a under the various environmental conditions. Increased pigment‐to‐chl a ratios at low irradiance confirmed the light‐harvesting function of Fucoxanthin (Fuco), 19′‐Hexanoyloxy‐4‐ketofucoxanthin (Hex‐kfuco), 19′‐butanoyloxyfucoxanthin (But‐fuco), and chl c2 and c3. Increased pigment‐to‐chl a ratios at high irradiance, low iron concentrations, and to a lesser extent at high salinity confirmed the photoprotective function of diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin, and ß,ß‐carotene. Pigment ratios were not always according to expectations. The consistent increase in But‐fuco/chl at high temperature, high salinity, and low iron suggests a role in photoprotection rather than in light harvesting. Low Hex‐kfuco/chl ratios at high salinity were consistent with a role as light harvester, but the high ratios at high temperature were not, leaving the function of Hex‐kfuco enigmatic. Dedicated experiments were performed to test whether or not the light‐harvesting pigment Fuco could be converted into its structural relative Hex‐fuco, and vice versa, in response to exposure to light shifts. Rapid conversions could not be confirmed, but long‐term conversions cannot be excluded. New pigment ratios are proposed for chemotaxonomic applications. The ratios will improve pigment‐based diagnosis of algal species in waters dominated by P. antarctica.
Interleukin‐8 induces DNA synthesis, migration and down‐regulation of cleaved caspase‐3 in cultured human gingival epithelial cells
Authors: Fujita T. , Yoshimoto T. , Matsuda S. , Kajiya M. , Kittaka M. , Imai H. , Iwata T. , Uchida Y. , Shiba H. , Kurihara H. 
Published: September 2014

Background and ObjectiveMigration of the junctional epithelium occurs in association with the formation of a periodontal pocket. Although the migration of junctional epithelium is known to be related to the proliferation and migration of gingival junctional epithelial cells, the mechanism has not been clarified. In patients with periodontitis, the levels of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) in both gingival tissue and gingival crevicular fluid are dramatically increased. IL‐8 has broad bioactive functions. In this study, we examined the role of IL‐8 in DNA synthesis, migration and protection against apoptosis in cultured human gingival epithelial cells (HGEC).Material and MethodsDNA synthesis was estimated by measuring the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine. The migration of gingival epithelial cells was assessed in a wound‐healing assay. The expression of integrin beta‐1 was analyzed using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and western blotting. Cleaved caspase‐3 was detected using western blotting and a Caspase‐Glo assay kit.ResultsIL‐8 increased the synthesis of DNA in HGEC, and the maximal effect was seen at 25 or 50 ng/mL of IL‐8. In addition, 50 ng/mL of IL‐8 induced cell migration, and a neutralizing antibody of integrin beta‐1 inhibited the migration. IL‐8 also activated expression of integrin beta‐1. Furthermore, IL‐8 reduced the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans‐induced increase in caspase‐3 expression in HGEC.ConclusionIL‐8 may facilitate the migration of gingival junctional epithelium by enhancing DNA synthesis, migration and preventing apoptosis of gingival epithelial cells.
Irsogladine maleate inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis‐mediated expression of toll‐like receptor 2 and interleukin‐8 in human gingival epithelial cells
Authors: Savitri I. J. , Ouhara K. , Fujita T. , Kajiya M. , Miyagawa T. , Kittaka M. , Yamakawa M. , Shiba H. , Kurihara H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePeriodontitis is an infectious disease caused by an interaction between the host and periodontopathogenic bacteria. Regulating the immune response in human gingival epithelial cells (HGEC) may contribute to the prevention of periodontitis. Irsogladine maleate (IM) has previously been shown to regulate inflammation and the cell–cell junctional barrier in HGEC. In addition to these functions, control of bacterial recognition is important for preventing inflammation in periodontal tissue. Innate immunity in gingival epithelium is the first line of defense and plays a crucial role against bacterial challenge. Therefore, the effect of IM on regulating toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2), which is part of the innate immunity, was determined in this study.Material and MethodsOBA‐9, an immortalized human gingival epithelial cell line, and primary cultured HGEC were used in this study. Real‐time PCR and western blotting were performed in OBA‐9 or HGEC stimulated with whole cells of Porphyromonas gingivalis or with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from P. gingivalis (PgLPS) in the presence or absence of IM to determine expression of TLR2 mRNA and production of TLR2 protein. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) against TLR2 was transfected into OBA‐9 to clarify the association between the induction of TLR2 and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) production.ResultsThe addition of IM into P. gingivalis or PgLPS‐induced OBA‐9 suppressed IL‐8 production (p < 0.01). The addition of IM also abolished the induction of TLR2 by P. gingivalis or PgLPS in OBA‐9 and primary cultured HGEC (p < 0.01). The suppressive effect of IM on the induction of TLR2 was also confirmed by immunohistostaining. Stimulation with peptidoglycan, a specific ligand for TLR2, suppressed the expression of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA in the presence of IM (p < 0.01). However, LPS derived from Escherichia coli, a ligand for TLR4, did not induce the expression of TLR2 mRNA. The PgLPS‐induced expression of TLR4 mRNA was abolished by IM. Knockdown of TLR2 by siRNA transfection resulted in a weaker response of induction of IL8 mRNA in P. gingivalis or PgLPS‐stimulated OBA‐9.ConclusionThese results suggest that IM suppresses the induction of IL‐8 production by regulating increased levels of TLR2.
Ligature‐induced peri‐implantitis in mice
Authors: Pirih F. Q. , Hiyari S. , Barroso A. D. V. , Jorge A. C. A. , Perussolo J. , Atti E. , Tetradis S. , Camargo P. M. 
Published: September 2014

Background and ObjectivePeri‐implantitis has a prevalence of 11–47%, involves destruction of peri‐implant bone and may lead to implant loss. A detailed understanding of the pathogenesis of peri‐implantitis is lacking. The objective of this study was to develop a murine model of experimental peri‐implantitis.Material and MethodsMachined, smooth‐surface, screw‐shaped titanium implants were placed in the healed alveolar bone of the left maxillary molars of C57BL/6J male mice, 8 wk after tooth extraction. Peri‐implantitis was induced by securing silk ligatures around the head of the implant fixtures. Implant survival and peri‐implant bone levels were analyzed by micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) scans and histology, 12 wk after ligature placement.ResultsImplant survival was 60% (six of 10) for implants with ligatures and 100% (eight of eight) for controls. Micro‐CT revealed significantly greater bone loss around the implants that received ligatures and that survived, compared with controls. The radiographic findings were confirmed via histology and toluidine blue staining.ConclusionThis study describes a murine model of experimental peri‐implantitis around screw‐shaped titanium implants placed in the edentulous alveolar bone. This model should be a useful tool to dissect pathogenic mechanisms of peri‐implantitis and evaluate potential treatment interventions.
Spontaneous sleep–wake cycle and sleep deprivation differently induce Bdnf1, Bdnf4 and Bdnf9a DNA methylation and transcripts levels in the basal forebrain and frontal cortex in rats
Authors: Ventskovska Olena , Porkka‐Heiskanen Tarja , Karpova Nina N. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) regulates neuronal plasticity, slow wave activity and sleep homeostasis. Environmental stimuli control Bdnf expression through epigenetic mechanisms, but there are no data on epigenetic regulation of Bdnf by sleep or sleep deprivation. Here we investigated whether 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) DNA modification at Bdnf promoters p1, p4 and p9 influences Bdnf1, Bdnf4 and Bdnf9a expression during the normal inactive phase or after sleep deprivation (SD) (3, 6 and 12 h, end‐times being ZT3, ZT6 and ZT12) in rats in two brain areas involved in sleep regulation, the basal forebrain and cortex. We found a daytime variation in cortical Bdnf expression: Bdnf1 expression was highest at ZT6 and Bdnf4 lowest at ZT12. Such variation was not observed in the basal forebrain. Also Bdnf p1 and p9 methylation levels differed only in the cortex, while Bdnf p4 methylation did not vary in either area. Factorial analysis revealed that sleep deprivation significantly induced Bdnf1 and Bdnf4 with the similar pattern for Bdnf9a in both basal forebrain and cortex; 12 h of sleep deprivation decreased 5mC levels at the cortical Bdnf p4 and p9. Regression analysis between the 5mC promoter levels and the corresponding Bdnf transcript expression revealed significant negative correlations for the basal forebrain Bdnf1 and cortical Bdnf9a transcripts in only non‐deprived rats, while these correlations were lost after sleep deprivation. Our results suggest that Bdnf transcription during the light phase of undisturbed sleep–wake cycle but not after SD is regulated at least partially by brain site‐specific DNA methylation.
Exploring the infant feeding practices of immigrant women in the North West of England: a case study of asylum seekers and refugees in Liverpool and Manchester
Authors: Hufton Emily , Raven Joanna 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLittle is known about the infant feeding experiences of refugees residing in the UK. To enable successful health promotion for this population, such experiences must be understood. The study aimed to gain an understanding of infant feeding practices among a group of UK‐based refugee mothers. Objectives were to explore mothers' perceptions and influences of infant feeding practices, to explore challenges faced by mothers in feeding their infants and to identify concerns and experiences of health care professionals with regard to caring for them. Fifteen semi‐structured interviews and two focus group discussions with refugee mothers and five semi‐structured interviews with health care providers were conducted in 2012. A framework approach was used to identify main themes. Overall mothers were dissatisfied with their infant feeding outcomes. A preference to exclusively breastfeed was often not achieved. Most resorted to using formula feed, perceiving that this was primarily due to a lack of support. Mothers who were positive to human immunodeficiency virus followed the UK guidelines of exclusively formula feeding for 6 months, but struggled with guilt of not being able to breastfeed. All mothers unable to exclusively breastfeed experienced a sense of loss. Lack of wider support services coupled with complex lifestyles appeared to create challenges in providing infant feeding support. The results highlight a need for an intensified response to facilitate these mothers to maintain their preferred infant feeding choices, or when required, to support them in the adoption of a new method. Using experienced refugee mothers to guide newer mothers, and integrating health and social care, would be positive starting points.
Weight‐related self‐efficacy in relation to maternal body weight from early pregnancy to 2 years post‐partum
Authors: Lipsky Leah M. , Strawderman Myla S. , Olson Christine M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractExcessive gestational weight gain may lead to long‐term increases in maternal body weight and associated health risks. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between maternal body weight and weight‐related self‐efficacy from early pregnancy to 2 years post‐partum. Women with live, singleton term infants from a population‐based cohort study were included (n = 595). Healthy eating self‐efficacy and weight control self‐efficacy were assessed prenatally and at 1 year and 2 years post‐partum. Body weight was measured at early pregnancy, before delivery, and 6 weeks, 1 year and 2 years post‐partum. Behavioural (smoking, breastfeeding) and sociodemographic (age, education, marital status, income) covariates were assessed by medical record review and baseline questionnaires. Multi‐level linear regression models were used to examine the longitudinal associations of self‐efficacy measures with body weight. Approximately half of the sample (57%) returned to early pregnancy weight at some point by 2 years post‐partum, and 9% became overweight or obese at 2 years post‐partum. Body weight over time was inversely related to healthy eating (β = −0.57,P = 0.02) and weight control (β = −0.99,P < 0.001) self‐efficacy in the model controlling for both self‐efficacy measures as well as time and behavioural and sociodemographic covariates. Weight‐related self‐efficacy may be an important target for interventions to reduce excessive gestational weight gain and post‐partum weight gain.
Tending a complex microbiota requires major immune complexity
Authors: Stagaman Keaton , Guillemin Karen , Milligan‐Myhre Kathryn 
Published: September 2014

Animals maintain complex microbial communities within their guts that fill important roles in the health and development of the host. To what degree a host's genetic background influences the establishment and maintenance of its gut microbial communities is still an open question. We know from studies in mice and humans that external factors, such as diet and environmental sources of microbes, and host immune factors play an important role in shaping the microbial communities (Costello et al. ). In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Bolnick et al. (2014a) sample the gut microbial community from 150 genetically diverse stickleback isolated from a single lake to provide evidence that another part of the adaptive immune response, the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) receptors of antigen‐presenting cells, may play a role in shaping the gut microbiota of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Bolnick et al. 2014a). Bolnick et al. (2014a) provide insight into natural, interindividual variation in the diversity of both stickleback MHCII alleles and their gut microbial communities and correlate changes in the diversity of MHCII receptor alleles with changes in the microbiota.
Testing a ‘genes‐to‐ecosystems’ approach to understanding aquatic–terrestrial linkages
Authors: Crutsinger Gregory M. , Rudman Seth M. , Rodriguez‐Cabal Mariano A. , McKown Athena D. , Sato Takuya , MacDonald Andrew M. , Heavyside Julian , Geraldes Armando , Hart Edmund M. , LeRoy Carri J. , El‐Sabaawi Rana W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA ‘genes‐to‐ecosystems’ approach has been proposed as a novel avenue for integrating the consequences of intraspecific genetic variation with the underlying genetic architecture of a species to shed light on the relationships among hierarchies of ecological organization (genes → individuals → communities → ecosystems). However, attempts to identify genes with major effect on the structure of communities and/or ecosystem processes have been limited and a comprehensive test of this approach has yet to emerge. Here, we present an interdisciplinary field study that integrated a common garden containing different genotypes of a dominant, riparian tree, Populus trichocarpa, and aquatic mesocosms to determine how intraspecific variation in leaf litter alters both terrestrial and aquatic communities and ecosystem functioning. Moreover, we incorporate data from extensive trait screening and genome‐wide association studies estimating the heritability and genes associated with litter characteristics. We found that tree genotypes varied considerably in the quality and production of leaf litter, which contributed to variation in phytoplankton abundances, as well as nutrient dynamics and light availability in aquatic mesocosms. These ‘after‐life’ effects of litter from different genotypes were comparable to the responses of terrestrial communities associated with the living foliage. We found that multiple litter traits corresponding with aquatic community and ecosystem responses differed in their heritability. Moreover, the underlying genetic architecture of these traits was complex, and many genes contributed only a small proportion to phenotypic variation. Our results provide further evidence that genetic variation is a key component of aquatic–terrestrial linkages, but challenge the ability to predict community or ecosystem responses based on the actions of one or a few genes.