bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observations of the 14 July 2011 Fort Collins Hailstorm: Implications for WSR-88D-Based Hail Detection and Warnings
Authors: Kennedy Patrick C. , Rutledge Steven A. , Dolan Brenda , Thaler Eric 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The issuance of timely warnings for the occurrence of severe-class hail (hailstone diameters of 2.5 cm or larger) remains an ongoing challenge for operational forecasters. This study examines the application of two remotely sensed data sources between 0100 and 0400 UTC 14 July 2011 when pulse-type severe thunderstorms occurred in the jurisdiction of the Denver/Boulder National Weather Service (NWS) Forecast Office in Colorado. First, a developing hailstorm was jointly observed by the dual-polarization Colorado State University–University of Chicago–Illinois State Water Survey (CSU–CHILL) research radar and by the operational, single-polarization NWS radar at Denver/Front Range (KFTG). During the time period leading up to the issuance of the initial severe thunderstorm warning, the dual-polarization radar data near the 0 °C altitude contained a positive differential reflectivity ZDR column (indicating a strong updraft lofting supercooled raindrops above the freezing level). Correlation coefficient ρHV reductions to ~0.93, probably due to the presence of growing hailstones, were observed above the freezing level in portions of the developing &gt;55-dBZ echo core. Second, data from the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN), including the locations and polarity of cloud-to-ground (CG) discharges produced by several of the evening’s storms, were processed. Some association was found between the prevalence of positive CGs and storms that produced severe hail. The analyses indicate that the use of the dual-polarization data provided by the upgraded Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D), in combination with the NLDN data stream, can assist operational forecasters in the real-time identification of thunderstorms that pose a severe hail threat.
Cardiovascular and hemodynamic parameters in women following prolonged CGRP inhibition using LBR-101, a monoclonal antibody against CGRP
Authors: Bigal Marcelo E , Walter Sarah , Bronson Michele , Alibhoy Abbas , Escandon Rafael 
Published: March 2014

Background The vascular effects of acute calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibition are well described, but the effects of sustained inhibition warrant further exploration in humans. Objectives The objective of this article is to assess the effects of sustained CGRP inhibition on blood pressure, heart rate, and ECGs in healthy women ≥40 years of age. Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 31 women (mean age = 56) were randomized to receive placebo or an anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody at doses up to 2000 mg. Participants were confined for seven days and followed for 168 days. Cardiac telemetry was conducted for eight hours after infusion completion. Hemodynamic assessments and ECGs were conducted six times during Day 1 and periodically for three months. Results No clinically relevant changes in systolic or diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, or ECG parameters (RR, PR, QRS, or QTcF) were observed when comparing baseline vs. post-dose time-points or in-between groups. No significant changes were seen for adjusted QTcF (baseline subtracted and placebo and baseline subtracted). No significant differences or relevant abnormalities were seen when comparing parameters obtained at Tmax vs. any other time-point. Conclusion Sustained CGRP inhibition was not associated with hemodynamic or ECG changes in a population at an increased age risk for cardiovascular events.
Systematic Review of Biological Modulation of Healing in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Fu Sai-Chuen , Cheuk Yau-Chuk , Yung Shu-Hang , Rolf Christer Gustav , Chan Kai-Ming 
Published: March 2014

Background: Whether biological modulation is effective to promote healing in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remains unclear. Purpose: To perform a systematic review of both clinical and experimental evidence of preclinical animal studies on biological modulation to promote healing in ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A systematic search was performed using the PubMed, Ovid, and Scopus search engines. Inclusion criteria were clinical and animal studies involving subjects with ACL injury with the use of biological modulation to promote healing outcomes. Methodological quality of clinical studies was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skill Programme (CASP) appraisal tool, and animal studies were evaluated by a scoring system based on a published checklist of good animal studies. Results: Ten clinical studies and 50 animal studies were included. Twenty-five included studies were regarded as good quality, with a methodological score ≥5. These studies suggested that transforming growth factor–beta (TGF-β), mesenchymal stem cells, osteogenic factors, and modalities that reduce local inflammation may be beneficial to promote graft healing in ACL reconstruction. Conclusion: This systematic review suggests that biological modulation is able to promote healing on top of surgical treatment for ACL injuries. This treatment strategy chiefly works through promotion of healing at the tunnel-graft interface, but the integrity of the intra-articular midsubstance of the graft would be another target for biological modulation.
Electrically facilitated translocation of protein through solid nanopore
Authors: Wu Lingzhi , Liu Hang , Zhao Wenyuan , Wang Lei , Hou Chuanrong , Liu Quanjun , Lu Zuhong 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Nanopores have been proven as versatile single-molecule sensors for individual unlabeled biopolymer detection and characterization. In the present work, a relative large nanopore with a diameter of about 60 nm has been used to detect protein translocation driven by a series of applied voltages. Compared with previous studied small nanopores, a distinct profile of protein translocation through a larger nanopore has been characterized. First, a higher threshold voltage is required to drive proteins into the large nanopore. With the increase of voltages, the capture frequency of protein into the nanopore has been markedly enhanced. And the distribution of current blockage events is characterized as a function of biased voltages. Due to the large dimension of the nanopore, the adsorption and desorption phenomenon of proteins observed with a prolonged dwell time has been weakened in our work. Nevertheless, the protein can still be stretched into an unfolded state by increased electric forces at high voltages. In consideration of the high throughput of the large nanopore, a couple of proteins passing through the nanopore simultaneously occur at high voltage. As a new feature, the feasibility and specificity of a nanopore with distinct geometry have been demonstrated for sensing protein translocation, which broadly expand the application of nanopore devices.
Expanded three-channel mid/side coding for three-dimensional multichannel audio systems
Authors: Dong Shi , Hu Ruimin , Wang Xiaochen , Yang Yuhong , Tu Weiping 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) audio technologies are booming with the success of 3D video technology. The surge in audio channels makes its huge data unacceptable for transmitting bandwidth and storage media, and the signal compression algorithm for 3D audio systems becomes an important task. This paper investigates the conventional mid/side (M/S) coding method and discusses the signal correlation property of three-dimensional multichannel systems. Then based on the channel triple, a three-channel dependent M/S coding (3D-M/S) method is proposed to reduce interchannel redundancy and corresponding transform matrices are presented. Furthermore, a framework is proposed to enable 3D-M/S compress any number of audio channels. Finally, the masking threshold of the perceptual audio core codec is modified, which guarantees the final coding noise to meet the perceptual threshold constraint of the original channel signals. Objective and subjective tests with panning signals indicate an increase in coding efficiency compared to Independent channel coding and a moderate complexity increase compared to a PCA method.
Systematic changes in position sense accompany normal aging across adulthood
Authors: Herter Troy M , Scott Stephen H , Dukelow Sean P 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Development of clinical neurological assessments aimed at separating normal from abnormal capabilities requires a comprehensive understanding of how basic neurological functions change (or do not change) with increasing age across adulthood. In the case of proprioception, the research literature has failed to conclusively determine whether or not position sense in the upper limb deteriorates in elderly individuals. The present study was conducted a) to quantify whether upper limb position sense deteriorates with increasing age, and b) to generate a set of normative data that can be used for future comparisons with clinical populations.

Methods
We examined position sense in 209 healthy males and females between the ages of 18 and 90 using a robotic arm position-matching task that is both objective and reliable. In this task, the robot moved an arm to one of nine positions and subjects attempted to mirror-match that position with the opposite limb. Measures of position sense were recorded by the robotic apparatus in hand-and joint-based coordinates, and linear regressions were used to quantify age-related changes and percentile boundaries of normal behaviour. For clinical comparisons, we also examined influences of sex (male versus female) and test-hand (dominant versus non-dominant) on all measures of position sense.

Results
Analyses of hand-based parameters identified several measures of position sense (Variability, Shift, Spatial Contraction, Absolute Error) with significant effects of age, sex, and test-hand. Joint-based parameters at the shoulder (Absolute Error) and elbow (Variability, Shift, Absolute Error) also exhibited significant effects of age and test-hand.

Conclusions
The present study provides strong evidence that several measures of upper extremity position sense exhibit declines with age. Furthermore, this data provides a basis for quantifying when changes in position sense are related to normal aging or alternatively, pathology.
Half-molar sodium lactate infusion improves cardiac performance in acute heart failure: a pilot randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Nalos Marek , Leverve Xavier Maurice , Huang Stephen Joseph , Weisbrodt Leonie , Parkin Ray , Seppelt Ian Mark , Ting Iris , Mclean Anthony Stuart 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Acute heart failure (AHF) is characterized by inadequate cardiac output (CO), congestive symptoms, poor peripheral perfusion and end-organ dysfunction. Treatment often includes a combination of diuretics, oxygen, positive pressure ventilation, inotropes and vasodilators or vasopressors. Lactate is a marker of illness severity but is also an important metabolic substrate for the myocardium at rest and during stress. We tested the effects of half-molar sodium lactate infusion on cardiac performance in AHF.

Methods
We conducted a prospective, randomised, controlled, open-label, pilot clinical trial in 40 patients fulfilling two of the following three criteria for AHF: (1) left ventricular ejection fraction <40%, (2) acute pulmonary oedema or respiratory failure of predominantly cardiac origin requiring mechanical ventilation and (3) currently receiving vasopressor and/or inotropic support. Patients in the intervention group received a 3 ml/kg bolus of half-molar sodium lactate over the course of 15 minutes followed by 1 ml/kg/h continuous infusion for 24 hours. The control group received only a 3 ml/kg bolus of Hartmann’s solution without continuous infusion. The primary outcome was CO assessed by transthoracic echocardiography 24 hours after randomisation. Secondary outcomes included a measure of right ventricular systolic function (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE)), acid-base balance, electrolyte and organ function parameters, along with length of stay and mortality.

Results
The infusion of half-molar sodium lactate increased (mean ± SD) CO from 4.05 ± 1.37 L/min to 5.49 ± 1.9 L/min (P < 0.01) and TAPSE from 14.7 ± 5.5 mm to 18.3 ± 7 mm (P = 0.02). Plasma sodium and pH increased (136 ± 4 to 146 ± 6 and 7.40 ± 0.06 to 7.53 ± 0.03, respectively; both P < 0.01), but potassium, chloride and phosphate levels decreased. There were no significant differences in the need for vasoactive therapy, respiratory support, renal or liver function tests, duration of ICU and hospital stay or 28- and 90-day mortality.

Conclusions
Infusion of half-molar sodium lactate improved cardiac performance and led to metabolic alkalosis in AHF patients without any detrimental effects on organ function.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01981655. Registered 13 August 2013.
Shear stress-induced mechanotransduction protein deregulation and vasculopathy in a mouse model of progeria
Authors: Song Minjung , San Hong , Anderson Stasia A , Cannon III Richard O , Orlic Donald 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Introduction
A mouse model of progeria derived by insertion of the human mutant LMNA gene (mLMNA), producing mutant lamin A, shows loss of smooth muscle cells in the media of the ascending aorta. We hypothesized that high shear stress, in the presence of mutant lamin A, induces this vasculopathy and tried to define the molecular and cellular basis for aortic vasculopathy.

Methods
Ascending and descending aortas from wild type (WT) and mLMNA+ mice were compared using proteomics, Western blots, PCR and immunostaining. To determine whether high fluidic shear stress, known to occur in the ascending aorta, contributed to the vasculopathy, we exposed descending aortas of mLMNA+ mice, with no apparent vasculopathy, to 75 dynes/cm2 shear stress for 30 minutes using a microfluidic system.

Results
When the mice were one year of age, expression of several mechanotransduction proteins in the ascending aorta, including vimentin, decreased in mLMNA+ mice but no decrease occurred in the descending aorta. High fluidic shear stress produced a significant reduction in vimentin of mLMNA+ mice but not in similarly treated WT mice.

Conclusions
The occurrence of mutant lamin A and high shear stress correlate with a reduction in the level of mechanotransduction proteins in smooth muscle cells of the media. Reduction of these proteins may contribute over time to development of vasculopathy in the ascending aorta in progeria syndrome.
HIF-1α- and hypoxia-dependent immune responses in human CD4+CD25high T cells and T helper 17 cells
Authors: Bollinger Thomas , Gies Sydney , Naujoks Julius , Feldhoff Lea , Bollinger Annalena , Solbach Werner , Rupp Jan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe central oxygen sensitive transcription factor HIF-1α has been implicated in the differentiation of nTreg and Th17 cells and to orchestrate metabolic changes of activated T cells. However, data on the functional relevance of HIF-1α and Hox, in general, for nTreg-suppressive activity and T cell function in primary human cells are still missing. Therefore, we analyzed the effect of Hox and HIF-1α on human Tres, nTreg, and Th17 cells. Under Hox, nTreg-mediated suppression of Tres proliferation, CD25 expression, and secretion of IFN-γ were significantly reduced, whereas expression levels of VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-10 were significantly increased. In contrast to observations in mice, Th17 lineage commitment, as determined by RORγt expression, was not affected by activation or inhibition of HIF-1α expression using DMOG or YC-1 treatment, respectively. Nevertheless, the secretion of IL-17A was increased by DMOG and reduced by YC-1 under Th17-skewing conditions in a dose- dependent manner. In conclusion, Hox and HIF-1α substantially influence human T cell-mediated immune responses by modulation of nTreg-suppressive function and IL-17A secretion by Th17 cells.
Physicians' Attitudes About Multiplex Tumor Genomic Testing
Authors: Gray Stacy W. , Hicks-Courant Katherine , Cronin Angel , Rollins Barrett J. , Weeks Jane C. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose Although predictive multiplex somatic genomic tests hold the potential to transform care by identifying targetable alterations in multiple cancer genes, little is known about how physicians will use such tests in practice. Participants and Methods Before the initiation of enterprise-wide multiplex testing at a major cancer center, we surveyed all clinically active adult cancer physicians to assess their current use of somatic testing, their attitudes about multiplex testing, and their genomic confidence. Results A total of 160 physicians participated (response rate, 61%): 57% were medical oncologists; 29%, surgeons; 14% radiation oncologists; 37%, women; and 83%, research principal investigators. Twenty-two percent of physicians reported low confidence in their genomic knowledge. Eighteen percent of physicians anticipated testing patients infrequently (≤ 10%), whereas 25% anticipate testing most patients (≥ 90%). Higher genomic confidence was associated with wanting to test a majority of patients (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 6.09; 95% CI, 2.1 to 17.5) and anticipating using actionable (adjusted OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.2 to 5.2) or potentially actionable (adjusted OR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.1 to 7.9) test results to inform treatment recommendations. Forty-two percent of physicians endorsed disclosure of uncertain genomic findings to patients. Conclusion Physicians at a tertiary-care National Cancer Institute–designated comprehensive cancer center varied considerably in how they planned to incorporate predictive multiplex somatic genomic tests into practice and in their attitudes about the disclosure of genomic information of uncertain significance. Given that many physicians reported low genomic confidence, evidence-based guidelines and enhanced physician genomic education efforts may be needed to ensure that genomically guided cancer care is adequately delivered.
One-dimensional Anisotropic Metal–Organic Module Containing a Pt6 Chain Terminated with Redox Active Ferrocenyl Units
Authors: Tanase Tomoaki , Yamamoto Chie , Kure Bunsho , Nakajima Takayuki 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A 1D anisotropic hexaplatinum chain with redox-active terminal ligands, [Pt6(µ-H)(µ-dpmp)4(FcDipNC)2](PF6)3 (7) (dpmp: bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylphosphine, FcDipNC: 2,6-diisopropyl-4-(ferrocenylethynylene)phenyl isocyanide), was synthesized, its structure and electrochemical behavior were elucidated in comparison with those of [Pt6(µ-H)(µ-dpmp)4(DipNC)2](PF6)3 (6) (DipNC: 2,6-diisopropylphenyl isocyanide), and the module was found to undergo two stepwise two-electron oxidations.
Computational Study of Energy Disposition in Domino Reaction
Authors: Itoh Shuhei 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The domino reaction of (10-oxotricyclo[4.2.1.12,5]deca-3,7-dien-9-yl)methyl nitrite (1) with the hydroxide ion was analyzed by DFT calculations and molecular dynamics simulations to study the effect of kinetic energy produced as the reaction proceeds on the reaction mechanism. Energy disposition in the reactive intermediates was observed. The kinetic energy was found to act as a driving force for the second step of the domino reaction.
Bioelectrocatalytic Oxidation of Glucose on MgO-templated Mesoporous Carbon-modified Electrode
Authors: Murata Kazuki , Akatsuka Wataru , Tsujimura Seiya 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
MgO-templated mesoporous carbon (MgOC) with an average pore diameter of 38 nm was used as electrode material for a glucose-oxidizing anode. Anodic catalysts composed of a redox polymer, glucose oxidase, and crosslinkers were applied to MgOC-modified electrodes. The glucose oxidation current density on MgOC was 11.3 mA cm−2 at 0.5 V, which was 5.3-fold higher than that on glassy carbon.
Real-time image-processing algorithm for markerless tumour tracking using X-ray fluoroscopic imaging
Authors: Mori S 
Published: March 2014

Objective:
To ensure accuracy in respiratory-gating treatment, X-ray fluoroscopic imaging is used to detect tumour position in real time. Detection accuracy is strongly dependent on image quality, particularly positional differences between the patient and treatment couch. We developed a new algorithm to improve the quality of images obtained in X-ray fluoroscopic imaging and report the preliminary results.

Methods:
Two oblique X-ray fluoroscopic images were acquired using a dynamic flat panel detector (DFPD) for two patients with lung cancer. The weighting factor was applied to the DFPD image in respective columns, because most anatomical structures, as well as the treatment couch and port cover edge, were aligned in the superior–inferior direction when the patient lay on the treatment couch. The weighting factors for the respective columns were varied until the standard deviation of the pixel values within the image region was minimized. Once the weighting factors were calculated, the quality of the DFPD image was improved by applying the factors to multiframe images.

Results:
Applying the image-processing algorithm produced substantial improvement in the quality of images, and the image contrast was increased. The treatment couch and irradiation port edge, which were not related to a patient's position, were removed. The average image-processing time was 1.1 ms, showing that this fast image processing can be applied to real-time tumour-tracking systems.

Conclusion:
These findings indicate that this image-processing algorithm improves the image quality in patients with lung cancer and successfully removes objects not related to the patient.

Advances in knowledge:
Our image-processing algorithm might be useful in improving gated-treatment accuracy.
Pro-Am curators of Australian television history: How is their practice different from that of professional television historians?
Authors: McKee Alan , Dore Johanna 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Eleven Pro-Am curators of Australian television history were interviewed about their practice. The data helps us to understand the relationship between professional and Pro-Am approaches to Australian television history. There is no simple binary – the lines are blurred – but there are some differences. Pro-Am curators of Australian television history are not paid for their work and present other motivations for practice – particularly being that ‘weird child’ who was obsessed with gathering information and objects related to television. They have freedom to curate only programmes and genres that interest them, and they tend to collect merchandise as much as programme texts themselves. And they have less interest in formally cataloguing their material than do professional curators of Australian television history.