bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production risk analysis of semi-organic rice in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Istiyanti E , Saputra B 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Organic farming is a combination of conventional agriculture developed with innovation and science, adopting the principles of health, ecology, justice, and protection of the environment. Semi-organic rice farming refers to the transition from conventional to organic rice farming. Semi-organic rice farming is riskier due to the soil’s unstable fertility. This research aimed to determine the production risk in semi-organic rice and analyze the factors affecting that risk. Since Sleman Regency, specifically Seyegan District, is home to a thriving organic rice, the study took place here. A total of 100 respondents were taken using proportional random sampling. The production risk of semi-organic rice was analyzed using the coefficient of variation. The factors influencing the production risk were examined using the Cobb-Douglas production function. The results revealed that semi-organic rice carried high production risk, with a coefficient of variation higher than 0.5. Land area and land status influenced the production risk of semi-organic rice. The wider the implementation of semi-organic rice farming, the greater the production risk. Semi-organic rice farming on own land possessed a smaller risk than non-owned land.
Perception of Maize Farmers’ Financial Inclusion Via Mobile Money. A Case Study of the Dormaa-Ahenkro Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Mensah Emmanuel , Setiadi Agus , Roessali Wiludjeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The study looks into maize farmers’ perceptions of being financially included through mobile money services. The available data collected was analysed through the perception index by the SPSS. Data were collected through the primary data which 150 questionnaires were used and respondents’ responses were collected on the questionnaire administration. perception of the maize farmers was analysed and based on the series of questions through frequency, mean and percentages from the perception index, which came out that 47.3% were very familiar and 36.7% were familiar with mobile money as a financial inclusion which shows mobile money has become very important in the system and as financial inclusion in some African countries and Ghana as a whole. However, respondents stated the fact that they use mobile money for saving and paying bills with a percentage of 96%. To further conclude the maize farmers said the mobile money concept has increased their access to financial services with 28.0% strongly agreeing to the fact that it has increased their chances to have financial services, 33.3% agreed, 28.7 were neutral to the statement, 6.7% were also disagreeing and 3.3% strongly disagreed. The outcome has affirmed that mobile money has increased access to maize farmers’ financial inclusion.
The Role Of Millennial Farmers In Optimizing Critical Land In Order to Face the Food Crisis In the Era Of Society 5.0
Authors: Arvianti Eri Yusnita , Yoga Tirta , Gunawan Cakti Indra , Rosalina Ika 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The era of society 5.0 is a concept of people’s lives that utilize information technology in solving social problems in facing the food crisis in Indonesia. This research aims to investigate the contributions of farmers in enhancing the productivity of critical land. Millennial farmers are recognized as crucial players in the advancement of sustainable food land agriculture in Indonesia, reflecting their belief that this development is essential for bolstering the community’s economy. Critical land refers to an expanse of terrain that remains predominantly unflooded throughout the year, presenting potential for cultivation of food crops. The world food crisis is a threat to all countries in the world, both developing and developed countries. The 2008 world food crisis is poised for a recurrence in 2012, driven by a burgeoning population outpacing the growth in food production.
Role of Stakeholders in the Development of Organic Rice Agribusiness in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Winarno J , Wibowo A , Suwarto  , Permatasari P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Organic agriculture is growing in importance to address environmental challenges and meet the rising consumer demand for healthy, eco-friendly agricultural products. However, the success and growth of organic rice agribusiness depend heavily on the active involvement and collaboration of stakeholders across the entire agricultural value chain. Therefore, the present research aims to analyze the pivotal role of stakeholders in the development of organic rice agribusiness in the Karanganyar Regency. To achieve this objective, a qualitative approach was used to collect data through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and Focus Group Discussions with stakeholders such as farmers, business actors, local government, local communities, and consumers. The collected data were then analyzed using stakeholders’ analysis and thematic approaches to identify the roles, contributions, and challenges faced by each stakeholder. The results showed that stakeholders play a crucial role in the development of organic rice agribusiness. Farmers have a central role as primary producers and holders of local knowledge about organic farming practices. Additionally, business actors contribute by facilitating product marketing, processing, and distribution. Local governments are instrumental in providing policy and infrastructure support while also facilitating training and assistance for farmers. To ensure the success and growth of organic rice agribusiness, collaboration and synergy among stakeholders are vital as they establish networks, expand markets, access funding, and deliver education and training programs to farmers.
Strategies For Developing Agro-Tourism Areas And Community Empowerment Based On The Advantages Of Local Resources In The Taba Penanjung District, Central Bengkulu Regency
Authors: Reflis  , Yuristia Rahmi , Sumantri Bambang , Sriyoto  , Irnad  
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Agro-tourism is an agriculture-based business that is open to the public. Developing agro-tourism based on regional advantages is a promising prospect for improving a region’s economy. By synergizing all available resources and empowering the community to manage agro-tourism, the economy in Taba Penanjung district can be improved. This study aimed to determine the strategy for developing integrated commodity-based agro-tourism in Taba Penanjung district, Central Bengkulu Regency. The research was conducted in Taba Penanjung district, considering that this area has strategic agricultural and agro-tourism potential in Bengkulu Province. The respondents in this study were 20 community leaders, village officials, agro-tourism managers, and youth members of youth organizations. This study uses SWOT analysis to create a development strategy. The results of this study are: 1) The results of the IFAS calculation get a total weight value of 2.852, and the EFAS calculation gets a total weight value of 2.576 2) In the IE matrix, the agro-tourism area in Taba Penanjung district is in quadrant V which means this agro-tourism area is in medium position with a strategy that can be implemented, namely to hold and maintain because Taba Penanjung district have good internal strength and external opportunities.
Supply Chain Efficiency of Red Chili in The Production Center of Bantul Indonesia Using The Performance Masurement System Approach
Authors: Susanawati  , Jalilah S , Sriyadi  
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study aims to describe the red chili supply chain in terms of actors and their activities and to analyze the efficiency of the red chili supply chain in Sanden District using the Performance Measurement System (PMS) approach. Sampling of farmers in this study was carried out in stages starting from the sub-district, village, hamlet and farmer levels. Respondents farmers taken deliberately as many as 75 people. Sampling after farmers was carried out using the snowball sampling method with a total of 69 respondents. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Descriptive analysis techniques are used to analyze the red chili supply chain. While the efficiency of the red chili supply chain is analyzed using supply chain efficiency indicators with the Performance Measurement System (PMS) approach which includes production costs, profit and return on investment. The results of this study indicate that the red chili supply chain in Sanden District is formed by three chains with 5 actors namely farmers, auction markets, collectors, retailers, and consumers. Chain 1 is the most efficient in terms of profit and return on investment (ROI). Chains 2 and 3 are the most efficient in terms of production cost indicators. These results can be used by actors to choose the supply chain that provides the highest profit.
The Effect of the Addition of baker’s Yeast and Tape Yeast with the Length of Fermentation on the Quality of Carica vinegar
Authors: Arifan F , Januwardani S A , Fauzi A N , Sapatra EF , Pradigdo S F 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Vinegar is a condiment produced by alcoholic and acetic acid fermentation of various sugary or starchy ingredients. Vinegar can be produced from a substrate containing a certain amount of ethanol which comes from various sources such as coconut water, pineapple peel, fruit and coffee grounds. Acetic acid can be produced by two methods, namely synthetic/chemical and microbiological or fermentation. Vinegar is widely available in the market, is commonly consumed and contains chemicals that are harmful to the body. Vinegar is produced through an industrial process with a pure chemical synthesis process. In this study, the basic ingredients for the process of making acetic acid came from carica fruit juice. The stages of forming acetic acid include the addition of sugar, the first fermentation and the second fermentation. In the first fermentation process, the yeast used is baker’s yeast, while the second fermentation uses tape yeast. Determination of variables in this study using a factorial design. The results of the study obtained the optimum effect of fermentation time, yeast mass and volume of alcohol for the manufacture of carica fruit vinegar. The higher the concentration of the tape yeast used in the processing of carica vinegar, the higher the alcohol content and total acid produced, and the lower the pH and sugar content. Of all the treatments the best results were produced from an experiment with a total acid of 5.2. The experimental variable was a yeast mass of 4 g, a fermentation time of 11 days and a volume of alcohol used was 30 ml.
Modified Arrowroot Starch: Impact of Multiple Acetylation on Physical, Chemical, and Physicochemical Characteristics
Authors: Ariyantoro A R , Prabawa S , Anwar D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Modifying single-acetylated starch in arrowroot starch has improved starch quality, especially in paste clarity properties. It was conducted to determine the effect of the double acetylation modification method on the physical, chemical, and physicochemical characteristics of modified arrowroot starch. It used a completely randomized design with variations in the concentration of acid acetate and the immersion time of single acetylation modification. The best single Acetylated Starch is the treatment of variations in adding 2% acetic acid concentration for 60 minutes soaking time, which then proceeds with double acetylation modification. Double acetylation has a paste clarity level of 25.02%, moisture content of 13.33%, Amylose Content of 30.62%, Water Absorption of 3.77 g/g, Swelling power of 9.30 g/g, and Solubility of 5.19%. The pasting properties have a Peak Viscosity of 5716 cP, Through Viscosity of 2336 cP, Breakdown Viscosity of 3380 cP, Final Viscosity of 2750 cP, Setback Viscosity of 414 cP, Peak Time of 5 minutes, and Pasting Temperature 70.90°C. The dual acetylation improves the solubility and swelling power compared with single acetylation and unmodified starch.
Long-term in vitro maintenance of plasma cells in a hydrogel-enclosed human bone marrow microphysiological 3D model system
Authors: Martini Stefania , Drzeniek Norman Michael , Stark Regina , Kollert Matthias Reiner , Du Weijie , Reinke Simon , Ort Melanie , Hardt Sebastian , Kotko Iuliia , Kath Jonas , Schlickeiser Stephan , Geißler Sven , Wagner Dimitrios Laurin , Krebs Anna-Catharina , Volk Hans-Dieter 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Plasma cells (PCs) in bone marrow (BM) play an important role in both protective and pathogenic humoral immune responses, e.g. in various malignant and non-malignant diseases such as multiple myeloma, primary and secondary immunodeficiencies and autoimmune diseases. Dedicated microenvironmental niches in the BM provide PCs with biomechanical and soluble factors that support their long-term survival. There is a high need for appropriate and robust model systems to better understand PCs biology, to develop new therapeutic strategies for PCs-related diseases and perform targeted preclinical studies with high predictive value. Most preclinical data have been derived from in vivo studies in mice, as in vitro studies of human PCs are limited due to restricted survival and functionality in conventional 2D cultures that do not reflect the unique niche architecture of the BM. We have developed a microphysiological, dynamic 3D BM culture system (BM-MPS) based on human primary tissue (femoral biopsies), mechanically supported by a hydrogel scaffold casing. While a bioinert agarose casing did not support PCs survival, a photo-crosslinked collagen-hyaluronic acid (Col-HA) hydrogel preserved the native BM niche architecture and allowed PCs survival in vitro for up to 2 weeks. Further, the Col-HA hydrogel was permissive to lymphocyte migration into the microphysiological system´s circulation. Long-term PCs survival was related to the stable presence in the culture of soluble factors, as APRIL, BAFF, and IL-6. Increasing immunoglobulins concentrations in the medium confirm their functionality over culture time. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report of successful long-term maintenance of primary-derived non-malignant PCs in vitro. Our innovative model system is suitable for in-depth in vitro studies of human PCs regulation and exploration of targeted therapeutic approaches such as CAR-T cell therapy or biologics.
Tuning the activation function to optimize the forecast horizon of a reservoir computer
Authors: Hurley L A , Restrepo J G , Shaheen S E 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Reservoir computing is a machine learning framework where the readouts from a nonlinear system (the reservoir) are trained so that the output from the reservoir, when forced with an input signal, reproduces a desired output signal. A common implementation of reservoir computers (RCs) is to use a recurrent neural network as the reservoir. The design of this network can have significant effects on the performance of the RC. In this paper we study the effect of the node activation function on the ability of RCs to learn and predict chaotic time series. We find that the Forecast Horizon (FH), the time during which the reservoir’s predictions remain accurate, can vary by an order of magnitude across a set of 16 activation functions used in machine learning. By using different functions from this set, and by modifying their parameters, we explore whether the entropy of node activation levels or the curvature of the activation functions determine the predictive ability of the reservoirs. We find that the FH is low when the activation function is used in a region where it has low curvature, and a positive correlation between curvature and FH. For the activation functions studied we find that the largest FH generally occurs at intermediate levels of the entropy of node activation levels. Our results show that the performance of RCs is very sensitive to the activation function shape. Therefore, modifying this shape in hyperparameter optimization algorithms can lead to improvements in RC performance.
Odor, air quality, and well-being: understanding the urban smellscape using crowd-sourced science
Authors: Bhandari Sahil , de Ferreyro Monticelli Davi , Xie Karen , Ramkairsingh Andre , Maher Rochelle , Eykelbosh Angela , Henderson Sarah B , Zimmerman Naomi , Giang Amanda 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Odors are a topic of emerging environmental health interest given their potential links to air quality, health, well-being, and quality of life. However, odors have traditionally been challenging to study given variability in individual sensitivity and perception, atmospheric physico-chemical processes, and emissions of mixtures of odorous contaminants. Here, we explore the potential utility of crowd-sourced odor report data in improving understanding of spatiotemporal patterns of odor experiences and their impacts. We conduct quantitative and qualitative analyses of a 12-month data set from a web application collecting crowd-sourced odor reports, including spatiotemporal information, odor and self-reported impacts description (OSAC: odors, symptoms, actions in response, and suspected causes), and demographics, in Vancouver, Canada. Users report diverse OSAC with strong seasonality and spatial variability. Reported symptoms, ranging from neurological to emotion- and mood-related, highlight the complexity of odor-related health and well-being impacts. Odors can trigger maladaptive actions, where individuals are exposed to other environmental stressors (e.g. heat stress) or curtail healthy behaviors (e.g. exercising outside) to cope with odor impacts. Clustering analysis of OSAC suggests that odor exposures may be linked to health, well-being, and quality of life impacts through complex mechanisms, related not only to the odor experienced but also perceived causes. Spatiotemporal patterns in reports highlight the potential influence of persistent sources (e.g. waste management) and transient events (e.g. accidents). Exploratory multiple linear regression models suggest that monitoring of air quality and meteorology may be insufficient to capture odor issues. Overall, these results suggest that crowd-sourced science incorporating self-reported health and well-being effects and behavioral responses can enrich understanding of the impacts of odorous emissions at large spatiotemporal scales and complement traditional air pollution monitoring.
Embedding Sustainable Development in Trade
Authors: Trachtman Joel P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the normative and institutional gaps between trade, sustainability, and development: between trade and sustainable development. The international trade system grew and is suited to an era that did not require the integration of trade with sustainable development. Even the concept of ‘embedded liberalism’, which has emphasized the need to embed commerce in a redistributive, and in later literature a regulatory, system, has not sufficiently addressed the need for international regulation and international redistribution. This chapter explains how this discontinuity may be addressed through negotiations that integrate trade with sustainable development.
Evaluating the Sustainability Agenda in International Trade Agreements
Authors: Harrison James 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that the significance of the sustainability agenda in free trade agreements (FTAs) can only be properly evaluated by investigating its real-world impacts. It claims that there are four issues, currently marginalized within the legal scholarship, that must be fully explored for this evaluation to take place: (1) the range of aims that sustainability provisions seek to achieve; (2) the effects of individual sustainability provisions on sustainability outcomes; (3) the legitimacy of the sustainability agenda in FTAs, particularly from a development perspective; and (4) the importance of sustainability provisions in FTAs in comparison to other trade policy instruments that can be utilized to advance the sustainability agenda. The chapter explores our current state of understanding about these four issues and suggests ways of making future scholarship more engaged with them.
Sustainable Development and International Economic Law
Authors: Rolland Sonia E 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Development, sustainable development, and international economic law have emerged on different tracks over the past eight decades or so. While they intersect in many ways, they are distinct concepts moulded by unique hermeneutics. Each concept infuses different legal instruments that coexist but are not necessarily coordinated, and at times may even clash. International economic law is in transition, facing institutional and normative crises. Sustainable development is heralded as a legal, political, and moral imperative in the context of climate change and in light of the basic human requirement of a decent standard of living. In response, this chapter offers different pathways for articulating the relationship between development, international economic law, and sustainability.
Trade Agreements and Disability Inclusion
Authors: Bahri Amrita 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The impact of trade agreements can vary between different groups of people, mainly because they play different roles in society, markets, and the economy, and they enjoy different opportunities. Hence, if trade agreements are designed without taking into account their impact on powers and opportunities created for different people and groups, these policy instruments can magnify existing inequalities. It is therefore important that future trade agreements are negotiated and implemented with an inclusive lens to ensure that these instruments can benefit all, including the marginalized groups of society. This chapter provides a discussion on the interlinkages between trade agreements and non-market access interests relating to sustainability, such as labour protection, gender equality, and disability inclusion to reflect on how the current trade agreements are increasingly addressing concerns not traditionally thought of as trade related. It will then zoom into the question of how disability inclusion is one such non-trade-germane concern that has found a place in current trade agreements. The chapter will identify and assess the approach with which countries so far have included provisions on disability concerns in their trade agreements.
Exploring the Nexus of Environmental Sustainability and International Trade
Authors: Panezi Maria 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The link between trade and the environment is articulated in international trade agreements in the form of provisions, both preambular and substantive, that relate to environmental obligations, environmental policy exceptions to trade rules, and environment chapters. This chapter specifically discusses ‘self-standing’ environmental obligations in trade agreements. These provisions are deemed independent and can function separately from the trade agreement’s overall framework, as articulated in the agreements’ text or as they operate in practice. The chapter examines the categories of environmental provisions found within trade agreements and discusses the possible meanings of ‘self-standing’ environmental obligations in trade agreements. It also analyses the self-standing nature of procedural and institutional obligations provisions as they relate to dispute settlement, enforcement, and trade remedies, briefly looks at environmental provisions and agreements at the WTO, and discusses the global governance dimensions of the inclusion of environment provisions in trade agreements.