bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ELF in international school exchanges: stepping into the role of ELF users
Authors: Vettorel Paola 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The presence of English in Europe is increasingly pervasive: experiences “from above” in educational contexts combine with contacts with English “from below” in the linguistic landscape at large. In educational contexts, international school partnerships create increasingly frequent opportunities for learners at different school levels to experience language use in ELF contexts. International exchanges can thus be seen as a point of intersection between bottom-up and top-down contact with English, where learners step into the role of ELF users deploying their linguistic resources to communicate in international ELF settings.
This paper explores how English is used in its role of a lingua franca in a set of written and spoken data gathered within two such international projects which took place in the Verona area, Italy, in school years 2009–2011. As part of the project primary school pupils aged 9–11 interacted with peers from European countries using English as the shared lingua franca of communication. Besides the children's awareness of the presence of English and of the role of ELF in outside-school contexts, these interactions are characterised by several elements which are found in ELF communicative settings: for example, lexical innovations, code switching employed to signal cultural identity, and deployment of pragmatic strategies in oral communication. In this way these young ELF users appear to stretch their linguistic resources of self-expression and communication. Therefore, findings can bear significant potential implications in terms of teaching practices.
Importance of attack speed in volleyball
Authors: Fellingham Gilbert W. , Hinkle Lee J. , Hunter Iain 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In this paper we examine the relationship of the speed of a set in volleyball with the outcome of the attack. A total of 1777 sets of a single male university level volleyball team were photographed using high speed cameras so that the time the set was in the air could be measured with accuracy to 1/100th of a second. Data were analyzed using a logistic regression model implemented using the Bayesian paradigm. Using these methods the probability of a kill resulting from a set of a particular speed could be calculated. In general, sets that traveled a further distance had significant increases in the probability of success with a faster set. No trends were seen with sets that were delivered to hitters that were closer to the setter. Decreasing outside set time from 1.53 to 0.85 s, significantly increased probability of a kill from 0.31 to 0.58 for the team studied. The speed of the set when the attacker is not near the setter appears to be an important component in the success of the attack in male collegiate volleyball.
Toxic cardiomyopathy leading to fatal acute cardiac failure related to vandetanib: a case report with histopathological analysis
Authors: Scheffel Rafael Selbach , Dora José Miguel , Siqueira Débora R , Burttet Lucas Medeiros , Cerski Marcelle R , Maia Ana Luiza 
Published: March 2013

ContextMedullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) accounts for 3–4% of all malignant thyroid neoplasias. Vandetanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, epidermal growth factor receptor, and RET, has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic MTC. The heart seems to be particularly susceptible to adverse effects associated with TKI therapy, and virtually all TKIs have been associated with cardiovascular events.Clinical presentationWe report the case of a patient with metastatic MTC who was enrolled in the Phase III clinical study (NCT00410761) and presented a favorable response to vandetanib therapy, displaying marked decrease in the level of serologic tumor markers and shrinkage of metastatic lesions. After 14 months of therapy, the patient developed a fatal cardiac failure. Myocardial infarction was excluded by serial measurements of specific cardiac markers (serial troponin-T measurements varied from 0.037 to 0.042 ng/ml) and serologic tests for Chaga's disease were negative. Postmortem examination of the heart revealed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and marked myocyte degeneration in the subendocardial zones and papillary muscles of the myocardium. These pathological changes are similar to those observed in TKI-treated rats and are suggestive of drug-induced cardiotoxicity.ConclusionThis case illustrates a previously unreported serious vandetanib-related adverse effect and highlights the need for close monitoring of patients under TKI therapy in order to identify early signs of congestive heart failure or myocardium damage.
Phylogeographic Diversity of the Winter Moths Operophtera brumata and O. bruceata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Europe and North America
Authors: Gwiazdowski Rodger A , Elkinton Joseph S , Dewaard Jeremy R , Sremac Marinko 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The European winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), an invasive forest defoliator, is undergoing a rapid range expansion in northeastern North America. The source of this invasion, and phylogeographic diversity throughout its native range, has not been explored. To do this, we used samples from a pheromone-baited trap survey of O. brumata collected across its native range in Europe, and invasive range in North America. Traps in North America also attract a congeneric species, the Bruce spanworm O. bruceata (Hulst), and the western Bruce spanworm O. b. occidentalis (Hulst). From this sampling, we sequenced two regions of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mitochondrial gene; one region corresponds to the DNA ‘barcode’ region, the other is a nonoverlapping section. We used these sequences, in combination with sequence data from a recent survey of the Geometridae in western North America, for phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses to characterize genetic divergence and variation for O. brumata in North America and Europe, and O. bruceata and O. b. occidentalis in North America. We found O. brumata mtDNA diversity to be dominated by a single widespread, and common haplotype. In contrast, O. bruceata shows high haplotype diversity that is evenly distributed throughout North America. Phylogeographic patterns indicate an introduction of O. brumata in British Columbia likely originated from Germany, and suggest the invasive population in northeastern North America may have its origins in the United Kingdom, and/or Germany. We found uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence between Operophtera species to be ≈7%. O. b. occidentalis is ≈ 5% divergent from O. bruceata, has a restricted range in the Pacific Northwest, and has unique morphological characters. Together these lines of evidence suggest O. b. occidentalis may be deserving of species status. Additionally, a single morphologically unique Operophtera specimen, similar to O. bruceata, was collected in southern Arizona, far outside the known range of O. bruceata. This suggests that North America may contain further, unsampled, Operophtera diversity.
Designing effective reserve networks for nonequilibrium metacommunities
Authors: Gouhier Tarik C. , Guichard Frédéric , Menge Bruce A. 
Published: March 2013

The proliferation of efficient fishing practices has promoted the depletion of commercial stocks around the world and caused significant collateral damage to marine habitats. Recent empirical studies have shown that marine reserves can play an important role in reversing these effects. Equilibrium metapopulation models predict that networks of marine reserves can provide similar benefits so long as individual reserves are sufficiently large to achieve self‐sustainability, or spaced based on the extent of dispersal of the target species in order to maintain connectivity between neighboring reserves. However, these guidelines have not been tested in nonequilibrium metacommunity models that exhibit the kinds of complex spatiotemporal dynamics typically seen in natural marine communities.Here, we used a spatially explicit predator–prey model whose predictions have been validated in a marine system to show that current guidelines are not optimal for metacommunities. In equilibrium metacommunities, there is a community‐level trade‐off for designing effective reserves: Networks whose size and spacing are smaller than the extent of dispersal maximize global predator abundance but minimize global prey abundance because of trophic cascades, whereas the converse is true for reserve networks whose size and spacing are larger than the extent of dispersal. In nonequilibrium metacommunities, reserves whose size and spacing match the extent of spatial autocorrelation in adult abundance (i.e., the extent of patchiness) escape this community‐level trade‐off by maximizing global abundance and persistence of both the prey and the predator. Overall, these results suggest that using the extent of adult patchiness instead of the extent of larval dispersal as the size and spacing of reserve networks is critical for designing community‐based management strategies. By emphasizing patchiness over dispersal distance, our results show how the apparent complexity of nonequilibrium communities can actually simplify management guidelines and reduce uncertainty associated with the assessment of dispersal in marine environments.
Case Management: The Allocation of Hours and Influencing Factors in the Management of Survivors of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Arnold Susan , Elder Meagan 
Published: March 2013

Case management is a service frequently provided to clients following a traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, the time required for this service is uncertain. To identify factors that influence case management for clients with TBI, a descriptive analysis of 64 client files were provided with case management services of a rehabilitation provider based in Sydney, Australia. These files were then further examined by using qualitative measures to determine the relationship among case management factors, time required, and the severity of the injury. This information was statistically analyzed to identify what factors predicted the greatest use of case management time. The analysis identified inappropriate behavior, family dynamics, accommodation, and formal relationships as primary affectors on case management time. Other issues identified as less demanding of case management time were sustaining employment and provision of equipment. In terms of case management hours, the mean was 2.5 hr/month. Where there was a combination of three factors, the time for case management increased to a mean of 3.97 hr, and up to 4.34 hr/month (range: 1.5–14.0 hr) of case management time where 4 factors were identified. A positive relationship between severity of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) and care and needs score was also noted to impact on amount of case management time and duration of service.
Continuity of Care: Supporting New Graduates to Grow Into Confident Practitioners
Authors: Clements Vanessa , Davis Deborah , Fenwick Jennifer 
Published: March 2013

AIM:This article describes how newly qualified midwives experienced their rotation into birth suite and a continuity of midwifery care model. The findings are part of a larger study that aimed to describe graduate midwives’ expectations and experiences of their transition to practice.BACKGROUND:Knowledge and understanding of how midwives make the transition from student to registered midwife remain limited. However, the literature suggests that this time is a critical period for a new graduate. Although transition support programs for midwives exist in New South Wales, Australia, there appears to be an ad hoc approach to their design, implementation, and effectiveness.METHOD:A descriptive qualitative approach to elicit the experiences of 38 newly qualified Australian midwives. Telephone interviews and focus groups were used to collect the data. Content analysis was used to analyze the data set.FINDINGS:The birthing environment was identified as the clinical area, which elicited the greatest level of apprehension for the midwives, whereas those with the opportunity to rotate into a midwifery continuity of care model rated the experience positively.CONCLUSION:The findings of the study suggest that the newly graduated midwives felt a sense of social and professional belonging to the midwifery continuity of care models in which they worked.KEYWORDS:newly graduated midwife; transition support programs; birth suite; models of care; continuity of care; hierarchy
Oral Contact Allergy to Suture Material Resulting in Connective Tissue Graft Failure: A Case Report
Authors: Mawardi Hani 
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Sutures are used on a daily basis for many dental surgical procedures. However, the risk of oral allergic reaction triggered by suture material cannot be excluded. This case describes possible oral allergic reaction to suture material following periodontal surgery.Case Presentation: The patient presented with gingival recession of the mandibular anterior sextant requiring root coverage procedure. The patient had a significant allergy history to multiple medications and materials. After harvesting the graft, tissue was sutured using poliglecaprone 25 sutures. The patient developed an allergic reaction to the suture material presenting as severe intraoral swelling and itching. The graft was devitalized and eventually failed.Conclusions: To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first case of possible allergic reaction to suture material in dental surgery reported in the literature. It is important to evaluate patients for any allergy history, in addition to medical and medication history, before any dental surgery. Patients with a significant allergy history, as in this case, are at higher risk of developing allergic reaction to any of the dental materials used in periodontal surgical procedures. Awareness of allergic reactions and the necessary management and intervention are critical for patient safety.
Pedicle Connective Tissue Graft With Novel Palatal Tunneling
Authors: Romanos Alain H. , Geurs Nicolaas C. , Abou‐Arraj Ramzi V. 
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Implant esthetics can be compromised with a lack of hard and/or soft tissue in the anterior maxilla. Soft‐tissue augmentation is often a crucial step in optimizing esthetic outcomes. Palatal pedicle soft‐tissue grafts present a versatile option and have a high survival potential. This case series presents a pedicle connective tissue graft technique with novel palatal tunneling as an additional tool for implant site development. It has multiple indications, including complete socket closure, augmentation of soft‐tissue volume, enhancement of gingival papillae, and treatment of peri‐implant defects.Case Series: In the first case, the pedicle graft was performed to achieve soft‐tissue closure over a socket preservation site that was fully dehisced on the facial aspect. This procedure allowed for protecting the bone graft and developing the soft tissue for implant placement 4 months later. The second case was more challenging because of an ankylosed maxillary central incisor presenting with a severe gingival discrepancy. After tooth extraction and hard‐tissue reconstruction, a pedicle graft was used at the time of implant placement to augment the soft tissue over the facial dehiscence of the implant in combination with a bone graft.Conclusions: The novel palatal tunneling in this technique improved the positioning of the pedicle graft at the recipient site. It also preserved the integrity of the mucosa palatal to the defect site by minimizing the protuberance that resulted at the site of pedicle rotation. Soft‐tissue height and volume were found to be increased.
Autogenous Options for Soft‐Tissue Management of Extraction Sockets in the Anterior Maxilla
Authors: Abou‐Arraj Ramzi V. , Geurs Nicolaas C. , Romanos Alain H. 
Published: March 2013

Focused Clinical Question: How can the soft tissue be managed with autogenous options after tooth extraction in the anterior maxilla?Summary: Esthetic concerns are of unique importance in the anterior maxilla. Tooth loss usually leads to significant alterations of the soft‐ and hard‐tissue components of the ridge. These alterations may be prevented or minimized by a variety of tissue augmentation methods at different time points, ranging from tooth extraction to the placement of a restoration. Autogenous soft‐tissue options are available to achieve complete closure of socket grafting and immediate implant sites. They comprise free gingival grafts, free connective tissue grafts, pedicle palatal tissue grafts, and coronally advanced flaps. A decision tree is presented for the different hard‐ and soft‐tissue management options after tooth extraction in the anterior maxilla.Conclusions: The literature lacks comparative studies among the different soft‐tissue grafting techniques designed for soft‐tissue closure of extraction sockets. Nonetheless, full closure is recognized as an important hallmark for improved healing outcomes. Soft‐tissue augmentation and volume increase were clinically evident with the various techniques. The minimal adverse healing events and improved survival reported with the pedicle grafts tend to favor these options in socket preservation cases, whereas coronally advanced flaps are preferred in severe cases involving multiple sockets.
Assessment of Interleukin‐6 Receptor Inhibition Therapy on Periodontal Condition in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Kobayashi Tetsuo , Okada Moe , Ito Satoshi , Kobayashi Daisuke , Ishida Kohei , Kojima Anri , Narita Ichiei , Murasawa Akira , Yoshie Hiromasa 
Published: March 2013

Background: Overproduction of interleukin (IL)‐6 may play a pathologic role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and chronic periodontitis (CP). The present study assesses IL‐6 receptor (IL‐6R) inhibition therapy on the periodontal condition of patients with RA and CP.Methods: The study participants were 28 patients with RA and CP during treatment with IL‐6R inhibitor, and 27 patients with RA and CP during treatment without IL‐6R inhibitor. Periodontal and rheumatologic parameters and serum levels of cytokine and inflammatory markers and immunoglobulin G against periodontopathic bacteria were examined after medication with IL‐6R inhibitor for 20.3 months on average (T1) and again 8 weeks later (T2).Results: No differences were observed between the groups in any parameter values at T1, except for serum IL‐6 levels. The anti–IL‐6R group showed a significantly greater decrease in gingival index, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and serum levels of IL‐6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐3 from T1 to T2 than the control group (P <0.05). A significant correlation was found between changes in serum anticyclic citrullinated peptide levels and those in PD and CAL in the anti–IL‐6R group (P <0.05), whereas both groups exhibited a significant association between changes in serum MMP‐3 levels and those in BOP (P <0.05).Conclusion: Changes in periodontal and serum parameter values were different between the patients with RA and CP during treatment with and without IL‐6R inhibitor.
A 3‐Day Randomized Clinical Trial to Investigate the Desensitizing Properties of Three Dentifrices
Authors: Orsini Giovanna , Procaccini Maurizio , Manzoli Lamberto , Sparabombe Scilla , Tiriduzzi Paolo , Bambini Fabrizio , Putignano Angelo 
Published: March 2013

Background: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relative abilities of three desensitizing dentifrices to provide rapid relief of dentin hypersensitivity (DH).Methods: Using a double‐mask, randomized design, three dentifrices: 1) containing 8% arginine and 1,450 ppm sodium monofluorophosphate; 2) containing 8% strontium acetate and 1,040 ppm sodium fluoride; and 3) containing 30% microaggregation of zinc‐carbonate hydroxyapatite nanocrystals were compared after 3‐day treatment. Participant's DH was evaluated at baseline and after 3 days using air‐blast, tactile, cold water, and subjective tests.Results: The final sample consisted of 85 individuals: 29 received the arginine‐based dentifrice (group 1), 27 the strontium acetate–based dentifrice (group 2), and 29 the dentifrice based on zinc‐carbonate hydroxyapatite (group 3). All dentifrices were mostly effective to reduce DH: the percentage of score reduction from baseline to 3 days was >30% for all tests (except for subjective test of group 2). The comparison among the three dentifrices showed that, after 3 days, there was an improvement in air‐blast (mean percentage of reduction, 39.2% in group 1, 42.0% in group 2, and 39.2% in group 3), cold water (41.5%, 51.8%, and 50%), tactile (50.3%, 40.1%, and 33.8%), and subjective (33.1%, 17.4%, and 31.4%) test scores, with differences being significant for cold water and subjective tests. For air‐blast and tactile tests, there were no significant differences across groups at 3 days. Moreover, no significant differences at any test were observed in a subset of patients that were followed up to 8 weeks: all dentifrices were all highly efficacious.Conclusions: This study documents that the three tested dentifrices significantly reduced DH after 3‐day treatment, supporting their use in clinical practice. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report documenting the rapid relief from DH of a zinc‐carbonate hydroxyapatite dentifrice.
Social Impact Analysis of the Effects of a Telemedicine Intervention to Improve Diabetes Outcomes in an Ethnically Diverse, Medically Underserved Population: Findings From the IDEATel Study
Authors: Shea Steven , Kothari Dhruva , Teresi Jeanne A. , Kong Jian , Eimicke Joseph P. , Lantigua Rafael A. , Palmas Walter , Weinstock Ruth S. 
Published: March 2013

Objectives. We examined the social impact of the telemedicine intervention effects in lower– and higher–socioeconomic status (SES) participants in the Informatics for Diabetes Education and Telemedicine (IDEATel) study. Methods. We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing telemedicine case management with usual care, with blinded outcome evaluation, in 1665 Medicare recipients with diabetes, aged 55 years or older, residing in federally designated medically underserved areas of New York State. The primary trial endpoints were hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure levels. Results. HbA1c was higher in lower-income participants at the baseline examination. However, we found no evidence that the intervention increased disparities. A significant moderator effect was seen for HbA1c (P = .004) and systolic blood pressure (P = .023), with the lowest-income group showing greater intervention effects. Conclusions. Lower-SES participants in the IDEATel study benefited at least as much as higher-SES participants from telemedicine nurse case management for diabetes. Tailoring the intensity of the intervention based on clinical need may have led to greater improvements among those not at goal for diabetes control, a group that also had lower income, thereby avoiding the potential for an innovative intervention to widen socioeconomic disparities.