bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration and examination of the structural, optical, thermal, and functional attributes of a hydroxyapatite and cobalt ferrite nanocomposite for biomedical utilization
Authors: Hossain Md. Arif , Tanisa Nilufer Yesmin , Awal Rabiul , Ifat-Al-Karim Md. , Islam Md. Mominul , Haque Md. Mahbubul , Rahman Md. Mahmudur 
Published: July 2024

Hydroxyapatite (Hap) is a cornerstone material in biomedical fields, crucial for bone tissue repair and replacement in the human body. However, its mechanical strength falls short compared to that of natural bone, necessitating enhancements. Addressing this challenge, cobalt ferrite emerges as a promising reinforcing agent for Hap, boasting excellent biocompatibility. Diffraction was employed to assess the crystallinity and phase purity of hydroxyapatite, cobalt ferrite, and the composite. The results indicated a crystallite size of 13.51 nm for hydroxyapatite, 9.62 nm for cobalt ferrite, and 76.4 nm for the hydroxyapatite/cobalt ferrite composite. Further characterization through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups in the synthesized materials. FTIR analysis validated the successful synthesis of hydroxyapatite, cobalt ferrite, and their composite. Specifically, FTIR spectra exhibited oxygen functional groups such as –OH, –CO, C=O, and C–OH in hydroxyapatite, while cobalt ferrite exhibited CO2, Fe–O, and Co–O groups. Ultraviolet analysis was conducted to determine the bandgap energies, revealing values of 3.51 eV for cobalt ferrite and 5.47 eV for hydroxyapatite. This comprehensive characterization underscores the potential of the Hap/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite in bone tissue engineering.
Enrichment of Chemical Element 7Li in the Rotating Red Clump Star
Authors: Wu 吴 Fang-Wen 方文 , Song 宋 Han-Feng 汉峰 , Li 李 Qing-Li 清莉 , He 何 Yun 云 , Qu 曲 Xin-Yue 新玥 , Han 韩 Zhuo 卓 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
About 2 percent of red clump stars are found to be the lithium-rich and thus the surface lithium increases obviously in some red clump stars. The physical mechanism of the lithium enrichment in these stars has not yet been explained satisfactorily by the evolutionary models of single stars. The flash induced internal gravity wave mixing (i.e., IGW) could play a primary role in explaining the red clump star with lithium enrichment and it has a very significant impact on the internal structure and surface compositions of a star. Rotation can significantly increase the mixing efficiency of the internal gravity wave because the timescale for the enrichment event has been enlarged. Thermohaline mixing can explain the observed behavior of lithium on red giant stars that are more luminosity than the RGB bump. However, it has a very small effect on the diffusion of elements because its diffusion coefficient is much smaller than the one of IGW induced mixing after the core helium flash.
Simulating a Chern Insulator with C = ±2 on Synthetic Floquet Lattice
Authors: Lei 雷 Ling-Xiao 凌霄 , Wang 王 Wei-Chen 伟臣 , Huang 黄 Guang-Yao 光耀 , Hu 胡 Shun 顺 , Cao 曹 Xi 希 , Zhang 张 Xin-Fang 鑫方 , Deng 邓 Ming-Tang 明堂 , Chen 陈 Ping-Xing 平形 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The synthetic Floquet lattice, generated by multiple strong drives with mutually incommensurate frequencies, provides a powerful platform for quantum simulation of topological phenomena. In this study, we propose a 4-band tight-binding model of the Chern insulator with a Chern number C = ±2 by coupling two layers of the half Bernevig–Hughes–Zhang lattice and subsequently mapping it onto the Floquet lattice to simulate its topological properties. To determine the Chern number of our Floquet-version model, we extend the energy pumping method proposed by Martin et al. [2017 Phys. Rev. X
7 041008] and the topological oscillation method introduced by Boyers et al. [2020 Phys. Rev. Lett.
125 160505], followed by numerical simulations for both methodologies. The simulation results demonstrate the successful extraction of the Chern number using either of these methods, providing an excellent prediction of the phase diagram that closely aligns with the theoretical one derived from the original bilayer half Bernevig–Hughes–Zhang model. Finally, we briefly discuss a potential experimental implementation for our model. Our work demonstrates significant potential for simulating complex topological matter using quantum computing platforms, thereby paving the way for constructing a more universal simulator for non-interacting topological quantum states and advancing our understanding of these intriguing phenomena.
Excitonic Instability in Ta2Pd3Te5 Monolayer
Authors: Yao Jingyu , Sheng Haohao , Zhang Ruihan , Pang Rongtian , Zhou Jin-Jian , Wu Quansheng , Weng Hongming , Dai Xi , Fang Zhong , Wang Zhijun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
By systematic theoretical calculations, we reveal an excitonic insulator (EI) in the Ta2Pd3Te5 monolayer. The bulk Ta2Pd3Te5 is a van der Waals (vdW) layered compound, whereas the vdW layer can be obtained through exfoliation or molecular-beam epitaxy. First-principles calculations show that the monolayer is a nearly zero-gap semiconductor with the modified Becke–Johnson functional. Due to the same symmetry of the band-edge states, the two-dimensional polarization α
2D would be finite as the band gap goes to zero, allowing for an EI state in the compound. Using the first-principles many-body perturbation theory, the GW plus Bethe–Salpeter equation calculation reveals that the exciton binding energy is larger than the single-particle band gap, indicating the excitonic instability. The computed phonon spectrum suggests that the monolayer is dynamically stable without lattice distortion. Our findings suggest that the Ta2Pd3Te5 monolayer is an excitonic insulator without structural distortion.
Does E = mc
2 require relativity?
Authors: Rothman Tony 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
It is universally believed that with his 1905 paper ‘Does the inertia of a body depend on its energy content?’ Einstein first demonstrated the equivalence of mass and energy by making use of his special theory of relativity. In the final step of that paper, however, Einstein equates the kinetic energy of a body to its Newtonian value, indicating that his result is at best a low-velocity approximation. Today, several characters debate whether a mid-nineteenth century physicist, employing only physics available at the time, could plausibly arrive at the celebrated result. In other words, is Einsteinian relativity necessary to derive

E
=

mc

2

?
Autonomous snap oscillator with only one steady state: dynamical probing, controls, pseudo-random number generation and difference synchronization
Authors: Alexander Prasina , Metsebo Jules , Chamgoué André Chéagé , Pone Justin Roger Mboupda 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The theoretical probing, microcontroller implementation, amplitude controls, chaos control, -pseudo-random number generation (PRNG), and difference synchronization of autonomous snap oscillator with only one steady state (ASOOSS) are studied in this paper. The ASOOSS exhibits self-excited complex attractors, periodic oscillations, coexistence of chaotic hidden attractors with a stable steady state, and hidden chaotic attractors. The simulated attractors are endorsed by the microcontroller execution of ASOOSS. Then, the total and partial controls of the amplitude of ASOOSS are demonstrated by using newly inserted parameters. Moreover, the efficacy of the configured single controller in suppressing chaos within ASOOSS is demonstrated through both analytical and numerical analyses. Furthermore, the binary data generated by the ASOOSS-based PRNG successfully passes the NIST 800–22 statistical tests, providing proof of the random nature of the ASOOSS-based PRNG and making it suitable for digital applications based on chaos. Additionally, controllers are devised to enable differential synchronization of three identical coupled chaotic ASOOSS systems. The effectiveness of the differential synchronization approach is validated through numerical simulations of the coupled chaotic ASOOSS systems.
Numerical analysis of electrohydrodynamic printing under electric field focusing mode
Authors: Bai Dongqiao , Huang Jin , Wang Jianjun , Gong Hongxiao , Liang Chaoyu , Zhang Jinquan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
As an emerging micro/nanoscale 3D printing technology, Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing has undergone rapid development in recent years. However, in most EHD printing processes, voltage is directly applied to both the nozzle and the substrate, resulting in the electric field being influenced by the printing height. This poses challenges for printing three-dimensional curved surface structures. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the EHD jetting process, utilizing a novel voltage loading method that separates electrodes from both the nozzle and the substrate. Through experimental setups and numerical simulations, this research was conducted to examine the effects of printing height, voltage, and electrode diameter on jetting behavior. The results show that compared to the traditional electrode form, the new voltage loading method will increase the electric field intensity of the liquid surface before ejection by 37.1% and is more conducive to the formation of Taylor cones. It can ensure that the printing fluctuation is less than 2.4% when the printing height varies between 1.5–2.5 times the nozzle diameter, which is more favorable for printing multi-layer structures. The threshold voltage for ejection is provided in this model. When the electrode is reduced, the efficiency of electric field utilization will be further improved, but the acceleration of the jet velocity will cause an increase in droplet size. The findings highlight the method’s capability to maintain consistent droplet sizes and electric field intensities across varying conditions, thereby enhancing printing stability and efficiency. The study’s innovations provide valuable insights for advancing micro/nano 3D printing technologies, emphasizing the potential for improved EHD printing processes in practical engineering applications.
Real-time particle concentration measurement from a hologram by deep learning
Authors: Ou Hongjie , Lin Wendi , Li Wei-Na , Xie Xiangsheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Although the existing digital holographic technologies are effective in measuring particle concentration, the processes are cumbersome and time-consuming. The purpose of this study is to quickly and accurately measure the particle number from a single hologram through deep learning. The simulation and experimental results show that the prediction number are close to the ground truth without the complicated reconstructions and denoising processes, and the average relative error remains less than 10%. The prediction time of a hologram is at the millisecond level, which offers a new possibility for real-time processing.
The iteration formula of (n, 2, d) full-correlated multi-component Bell function and its applications
Authors: Meng Hui-Xian , Zhang Yu , Fan Xing-Yan , Zhou Jie , Shang Wei-Min , Chen Jing-Ling 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
No matter for a scientific or technological reason, constructing Bell inequalities for multi-partite and high-dimensional systems is a significant task. The Mermin-Ardehali-Belinskiĭ-Klyshko (MABK) inequality is expressed in the form of iteration formula and correlation functions, and is the generalization of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality to multi-partite cases. In the sense of detecting the nonlocality of the noisy maximally entangled states with the most white noises for the corresponding quantum system, the Collins-Gisin-Linden-Massar-Popescu (CGLMP) inequality, expressed in the joint probabilities form, is the high-dimensional analogue of the Clauser-Horne (CH) inequalities on joint probabilities. In the sense of detecting the nonlocality of the noisy Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ) states with the most white noises for the n-qudit system, it is a challenging task to construct the multi-partite analogue of the CGLMP inequality with iteration formula and correlation functions. In this paper, we generalize the multi-component correlation functions [Phys. Rev. A 71, 032 107 (2005)] for bipartite d-dimensional systems to n-partite d-dimensional ones, introduce the general full-correlated multi-component Bell function

I

n
,
d

, and construct the corresponding Bell inequality. By this way, we can reproduce both the CGLMP inequality and the Bell inequality in [Phys. Rev. A 71, 032 107 (2005)] for the case n = 2, and the MABK inequality for the case d = 2. Inspired by the iteration formula form of the MABK inequality, we prove that for prime d the general Bell function

I

n
,
d

can be reformulated by iterating two Bell functions

I

n
−
1
,
d

. As applications, for prime d, confined to the unbiased symmetric (d × 2)-port beam splitters and the noisy n-qudit GHZ states, we recover the most robust Bell inequalities for small n and d, such as for the (3, 2, 3), (4, 2, 3), (5, 2, 3), and (3, 2, 5) Bell scenarios, with the iteration formula and the most robust Bell inequalities for the (2, 2, d) scenario. This implies that the iteration formula is an efficient way of constructing the multi-partite analogues of the CGLMP inequality with correlation functions. In addition, we also give some new Bell inequalities with the same robustness but inequivalent to the known ones.
Possible signatures of higher dimension in thin accretion disk around brane world black hole
Authors: Liu Ailin , He Tong-Yu , Liu Ming , Han Zhan-Wen , Yang Rong-Jia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We probe deeply into the characteristics of thin accretion disk surrounding black hole within the brane world paradigm. We investigate how model parameters affect the physical properties of the disk. Our findings indicate that as the tidal charge parameter inherited from the higher dimension increases, the energy flux, the radiation temperature, the spectral cutoff frequency, the spectral luminosity, and the conversion efficiency of the disk all increase, but the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit decreases. Compared to cases of the Kerr and Schwarzschild black holes, the disk is hotter and more luminous for positive tidal charge parameter, while it is cooler and less luminous for negative tidal charge parameter, which suggests the potential for probing possible signatures of higher dimension.
Spherical bispectrum expansion and quadratic estimators
Authors: Carron Julien , Lewis Antony 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We describe a general expansion of spherical (full-sky) bispectra into a set of orthogonal modes. For squeezed shapes, the basis separates physically-distinct signals and is dominated by the lowest moments. In terms of reduced bispectra, we identify a set of discrete polynomials that are pairwise orthogonal with respect to the relevant Wigner 3j symbol, and reduce to Chebyshev polynomials in the flat-sky (high-momentum) limit for both parity-even and parity-odd cases. For squeezed shapes, the flat-sky limit is equivalent to previous moment expansions used for CMB bispectra and quadratic estimators, but in general reduces to a distinct expansion in the angular dependence of triangles at fixed total side length (momentum).
We use the full-sky expansion to construct a tower of orthogonal CMB lensing quadratic estimators and construct estimators that are immune to foregrounds like point sources or noise inhomogeneities. In parity-even combinations (such as the lensing gradient mode from TT, or the lensing curl mode from EB) the leading two modes can be identified with information from the magnification and shear respectively, whereas the parity-odd combinations are shear-only. Although not directly separable, we show that these estimators can nonetheless be evaluated numerically sufficiently easily.
Terahertz polarization sensing for influenza A virus based on plasmonic metasurface
Authors: Liu Hai , Wang Xiaolin , Chen Cong , Cui Hongzhong , Cui Futao , Dai Yaowei , Gao Peng , Duan Senhao , Gao Zongyang , Zhou Tong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Terahertz metasurface sensors attract extensive attention for excellent characterisics. However, most existing sensing schemes overlooked the polarization state of electromagnetic waves. Here, we propose a plasmonic metasurface sensor based on the elliptical polarization state of reflected EM wave, which can be used for the sensing of influenza A virus. The sensor achieves the conversion from linear polarization to circular polarization within 1–3 THz. By analysing the electromagnetic field distributions of the resonances at 1.43 THz and 2.16 THz, it can be concluded that the polarization conversion originates from the magnetic dipole. Besides, the sensor can characterize the changes in the complex refractive index of the test sample based on the elliptical polarization state of the reflected wave. The electromagnetic response of the metasurface sensor shows an excellent linear relationship between the rotating direction angle of polarization ellipse and the extinction coefficient (k) of the complex RI of the analyte. Furthermore, we also demonstrate the feasibility of detecting three subtypes of Influenza A viruses (H1N1, H5N2, and H9N2) at 1.39 THz though the elliptical polarization state. This sensing approach does not rely on high-precision broadband scanning, providing an alternative perspective for THz biosensing.
Gender History: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Burton Antoinette 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This volume is designed to introduce readers to the scholarly field of gender history: its origins, development, reception, recalibrations, and frictions. It offers a set of working definitions of gender as a descriptive category and as a category of historical analysis, tracing the emergence, usage, and applicability of these entwined subjects across a range of times and places in the scholarship of the last five decades. Inevitably political, gender history has taken aim at the broader field of historical narrative by asking who counts as a historical subject and what difference gender difference makes. The book explores how gender history as a practice subverts reigning assumptions of what power, culture, economics, and identity have been in the past—with ramifications, of course, for what they are today.
Some origins of gender history as a field
Authors: Burton Antoinette 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter tracks the role of the foundational journal in the field, Gender and History, as an archive of how historians have understood the categories of both “gender” and “history” in the two decades following the journal’s establishment in 1989. The journal was founded to address the work of gender as a site of historical experience, meaning, and significance. The chapter also addresses the significance of Joan Scott’s work, as well as how structures of class and race, and voices from beyond the United States and the West, have impacted gender history. The chapter emphasizes a variety of challenges to the study of gender history, as well as the primacy of gender as a category of historical analysis.
Impact of intravenous antibiotics for unconfirmed pulmonary infections in patients with acute decompensated heart failure at a community health system
Authors: Schojan Katherine , Chandler Elisabeth , Quarterman Kristin , Patel Rakhi , McCarty Stela 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) present similarly to those with respiratory infections, which may lead to administration of unnecessary intravenous (IV) antibiotics. This study was conducted to assess outcomes in patients admitted for ADHF who received IV antibiotics vs those who did not.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study evaluated adults admitted with ADHF who received IV antibiotics for at least 48 hours or did not receive IV antibiotics. Patients with an active infection were excluded. The primary outcome was hospital length of stay in the unmatched cohort; secondary outcomes included 30-day readmission, all-cause mortality, amount of loop diuretic administered, total sodium and fluids received, Clostridioides difficile infection, IV antibiotic agents administered, and duration of therapy.

Results
The unmatched cohort included 38 patients who received IV antibiotics and 123 patients who did not receive IV antibiotics, while the matched cohort included 33 patients in each arm. In the unmatched and matched cohorts, patients receiving IV antibiotics had a longer median hospital length of stay (5 vs 3 days; P &lt; 0.01 and 5 vs 4 days; P &lt; 0.01) and received a greater median amount of total sodium (9.22 vs 0.28 g; P &lt; 0.01 and 10.24 vs 0 g; P &lt; 0.01) and median total volume from IV antibiotics and fluids (1,788 vs 50 mL; P &lt; 0.01 and 1,825 vs 0 mL; P &lt; 0.01). No significant differences were found for the other secondary outcomes. Ceftriaxone and azithromycin were the most frequently administered IV antibiotics, with a median duration of therapy of 4 days.

Conclusion
Use of IV antibiotics in patients with ADHF was associated with longer hospital length of stay and should be avoided in patients without evidence of infection.
Crowdsourced Comparative Judgement for Evaluating Learner Texts: How Reliable are Judges Recruited from an Online Crowdsourcing Platform?
Authors: Thwaites Peter , Vandeweerd Nathan , Paquot Magali 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Recent studies of proficiency measurement and reporting practices in applied linguists have revealed widespread use of unsatisfactory practices such as the use of proxy measures of proficiency in place of explicit tests. Learner corpus research is one specific area affected by this problem: few learner corpora contain reliable, valid evaluations of text proficiency. This has led to calls for the development of new L2 writing proficiency measures for use in research contexts. Answering this call, a recent study by Paquot et al. (2022) generated assessments of learner corpus texts using a community-driven approach in which judges, recruited from the linguistic community, conducted assessments using comparative judgement. Although the approach generated reliable assessments, its practical use is limited because linguists are not always available to contribute to data collections. This paper, therefore, explores an alternative approach, in which judges are recruited through a crowdsourcing platform. We find that assessments generated in this way can reach near identical levels of reliability and concurrent validity to those produced by members of the linguistic community.