bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between Chemical Composition and Quality‐Related Characteristics in Bread Making with Wheat Flour–Fine Bran Blends
Authors: Pavlovich‐Abril Alán , Rouzaud‐Sández Ofelia , Romero‐Baranzini Ana Lourdes , Vidal‐Quintanar Reyna Luz , Salazar‐García María Guadalupe 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe present study investigated the relationships between chemical composition and bread‐making quality parameters of white flour substituted with 30% of fine bran from two wheat genotypes. Fine bran with particle diameters ranging from 265 to 155 μm was sifted into two fractions (265–180 and 180–155 μm) and was studied in an experiment with a full factorial design. Each fine bran fraction with its natural chemical composition was found to have a significant effect on bread volume and texture, achieving higher specific volumes and softer breads with 180‐ to 155‐μm fraction (lowest fiber and protein content, but highest starch content) compared with the 265‐ to 180‐μm fraction (highest fiber and protein content, but lowest starch content), at fixed water absorption of 62.5% during mixing. The study showed that the effect on bread‐making quality characteristics in flour with fine bran is significantly related to dietary fiber, starch and protein contents.Practical ApplicationsFiber fractions of different particle sizes are available, thus permitting different approaches to adding fiber to bread products. Here, we prove the usefulness of using fine bran from different types of wheat as an ingredient in bread flour formulations, and show the differences in bran composition based on wheat type and particle size. The present results expose the influences of different components of fine bran and its fractions. Flour replacement with 30% fiber from either of two different wheat grains significantly changes the qualitative and quantitative dough pattern of the resulting hydrated flour–fiber blends, allowing the development of quality fiber‐enriched bread.
Impacts of Withdrawal Periods of Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles on Quality Attributes of Fresh Pork Bratwursts and Bacon
Authors: King Amanda M. , Ohman Clairyce E. , Hemelryk Brad Van , Park Sungyong , Richards Mark P. , Crenshaw Thomas D. , Sindelar Jeffrey J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), which have partially replaced traditional livestock feedstuffs in recent years, contain unsaturated dietary fat that can lead to changes in the characteristics of pork fat with subsequent effects on further processed meat products. The objective of this study was to determine the impact that swine diets with varying levels (control, high, withdrawal, step down, and low concentrations) of DDGS had on the quality of fresh bratwursts and bacon. Iodine values showed that meat from animals fed higher concentrations of DDGS contained more unsaturated fats, and texture profile analysis confirmed that bacon fat was firmer in the control. In fresh bratwursts, increased dietary concentrations of DDGS negatively impacted color stability, lipid oxidation and texture of bratwursts. While fewer negative quality impacts were observed in bacon than in bratwursts, this study indicated that DDGS fed at these levels can negatively impact certain processed meat quality attributes.Practical ApplicationsDietary dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) are known to affect quality of fresh pork fat, predominantly by increasing the amount of unsaturated fatty acids. As an important component of processed meat products, it is critical to understand the impact of this altered fat on processed meat quality. Pork from pigs fed varied concentrations of DDGS was used to manufacture fresh bratwursts and bacon, which were evaluated for quality factors such as color, texture and lipid oxidation. Traditional laboratory analysis methods were followed along with novel, simple methods that would allow the evaluation of pork fat quality by small meat processors who may not have access to sophisticated equipment for more advanced analysis. This study not only reports impacts of DDGS on bacon and fresh bratwurst quality but also provides novel methods for fat quality analysis to be applied by the meat industry.
Improved oxidative tolerance in suspension‐cultured cells of C4‐pepctransgenic rice by H2O2 and Ca2+ under PEG‐6000
Authors: Qian Baoyun , Li Xia , Liu Xiaolong , Wang Man 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTo understand the molecular responses of PC (Overexpressing the maize C4‐pepc gene, which encodes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC)), to drought stress at cell level, we analyzed changes in the levels of signaling molecules (hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), calcium ion (Ca2+), and nitric oxide (NO)) in suspension‐cultured PC and wild‐type (WT) rice (Oryza sativa L.) cell under drought stress induced by 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG‐6000). Results demonstrated that PC improved drought tolerance by enhancing antioxidant defense, retaining higher relative water content, survival percentages, and dry weight of cells. In addition, PEPC activity in PC under PEG treatment was strengthened by addition of H2O2 inhibitor, dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and NO synthesis inhibitor, 2‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl‐3‐oxide (cPTIO), respectively, while that in PC was weakened by addition of free calcium chelator, ethylene glycol‐bis(b‐aminoethylether)‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid (EGTA) + calcium channel outflow inhibitor, ruthenium red (RR) + plasma membrane channel blocker La(NO3)3, but EGTA + RR did not. Results also showed that NO and Ca2+ was lying downstream of H2O2 in drought‐induced signaling. Calcium ion was also involved in the expression of C4‐pepc in PC. These results suggested that PC could improve oxidative tolerance in suspension‐cultured cells and the acquisition of this tolerance required downregulation of H2O2 and the entry of extracellular Ca2+ into cells across the plasma membrane for regulation of PEPC activity and C4‐pepc expression.
Recovering from Anorexia Nervosa by Machine
Authors: Södersten Per , Bergh Cecilia 
Published: September 2014

SummaryAny healthy person can develop anorexia nervosa. Prolonged dieting causes reversible endocrine changes that emerge to combat starvation, the main threat to survival. Animals have evolved to develop strategies to cope with this challenge, assisted by hormonal systems that facilitate food hoarding but which can also inhibit eating, reinforcing the anorexic state. However, a simple machine that provides feedback on how to eat can allow patients to escape from anorexia and restore their health.
Spirituality as a Predictive Factor for Signing an Organ Donor Card
Authors: Bortz Anat Peles , Ashkenazi Tamar , Melnikov Semyon 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeTo examine differences in spirituality, purpose in life, and attitudes toward organ donation between people who signed and those who did not sign an organ donor card.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional survey conducted in Israel with a sample of 312 respondents from the general population, of whom 220 (70.5%) signed an organ donor card. Data were collected during April–June 2013.MethodsParticipants completed a paper questionnaire and a Web‐based questionnaire consisting of four sections: spiritual health, purpose in life, attitudes toward organ donation, and social‐demographic questions. Descriptive statistics, t test, chi‐square test, and a logistic regression analysis were performed.FindingsDifferences in mean scores between respondents who signed an organ donor card and those who did not were indicated in transcendental spirituality (p < .01), purpose in life (p < .05), and attitudes toward organ donation (p < .01). No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in the overall spirituality mean score. The spiritual transcendental dimension, individual's purpose in life, and attitudes toward organ donation explained 34.3% of the variance of signing an organ donor card.ConclusionsSigning an organ donor card was found to be correlated with high purpose in life, positive attitudes toward organ donation, and low level of transcendental spirituality.Clinical RelevanceNurses should assess the patient's spiritual needs in order to construct appropriate programs for promoting signing an organ donor card. Nurses who signed an organ donor card should be encouraged to share this information with their patients.
Urban Vibrancy and Corporate Growth
Authors: DOUGAL CASEY , PARSONS CHRISTOPHER A. , TITMAN SHERIDAN 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTWe find that a firm's investment is highly sensitive to the investments of other firms headquartered nearby, even those in very different industries. A firm's investment also responds to fluctuations in the cash flows and stock prices (q) of local firms outside its sector. These patterns do not appear to reflect exogenous area shocks such as local shocks to labor or real estate values, but rather suggest that local agglomeration economies are important determinants of firm investment and growth.
Obstetricians and gynecologists: Which characteristics do Israeli lesbians prefer?
Authors: Amir Hadar , Gophen Ruth , Amir Levy Yifat , Hasson Joseph , Gordon David , Amit Ami , Azem Foad 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore lesbians' preferences when choosing obstetricians/gynecologists.Material and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 100 lesbian and 100 heterosexual women. A 40‐item questionnaire assessed the correlation between a patient's sexual identity and her specific preferences for obstetricians/gynecologists.ResultsThe top five most important parameters for both groups in choosing obstetricians/gynecologists overlapped greatly. Four of those were experience, ability, knowledge and personality. Only one parameter differed: lesbians ranked ‘sexually tolerant’ as the third most important characteristic while heterosexuals ranked ‘availability’ as the fifth most important characteristic. Lesbians rated ‘sexual tolerance’ significantly higher than heterosexuals (P < 0.001). More lesbians (56%) preferred female obstetricians/gynecologists compared to heterosexuals (21%) (P < 0.001). When compared to heterosexuals, more lesbians preferred female obstetricians/gynecologists for intimate and non‐intimate procedures (P < 0.001). But within the lesbian population, a higher percentage of subjects showed a preference for female obstetricians/gynecologists only for intimate procedures. Lesbians used the following to describe their preference for female obstetricians/gynecologists: feeling more comfortable; gentle; sympathetic; patient; more understanding of women's health; better physicians in general; and more sexually tolerant (P < 0.001 vs heterosexual). However, when we looked only at the lesbian population, the majority did not exhibit a preference for a female obstetrician/gynecologist for any of these reasons. The main reason given by the 56% of the lesbians who said they prefer female obstetricians/gynecologists was feeling more comfortable.ConclusionOverwhelmingly lesbians prefer sexually tolerant obstetricians/gynecologists regardless of their gender; however, only a small number of lesbian subjects in this study considered their obstetricians/gynecologists as displaying this characteristic.
Temporary balloon occlusion of the uterine arteries to control hemorrhage during hysterectomy in a case of uterine arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Yamamoto Naoko , Koga Kaori , Akahane Masaaki , Wada‐Hiraike Osamu , Fujii Tomoyuki , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: September 2014

AbstractArteriovenous fistula is any abnormal connection between an artery and a vein that bypasses the normal capillary bed and shunts arterial blood directly to the venous circulation. Uterine arteriovenous fistula (UAVF) is a potentially life‐threatening condition by causing massive bleeding. This report describes a case of UAVF with massive hemorrhage. Prior to surgery, endovascular catheters for balloon occlusion were placed within bilateral uterine arteries. During surgery, the surgeon requested temporary balloon inflation for navigating and identifying inflow arteries. The balloon was kept inflated during the ligation of the vessels. Once ligation was completed, the balloon was deflated to confirm hemostasis. A total hysterectomy with removal of the UAVF was successfully achieved without significant blood loss. The fistula, in the resected specimen, was confirmed histologically with Elastica van Gieson staining. The preoperative placement of endovascular balloon‐occlusion catheters should be considered when hysterectomy is planned where UAVF is located at the cardinal ligament.
Magnetic Flux Density of Different Types of New Generation Magnetic Attachment Systems
Authors: Akin Hakan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyze the static magnetic flux density of different types of new generation laser‐welded magnetic attachments in the single position and the attractive position and to determine the effect of different corrosive environments on magnetic flux density.Material and MethodsMagnetic flux densities of four magnetic attachment systems (Hyper slim, Hicorex slim, Dyna, and Steco) were measured with a gaussmeter. Then magnetic attachment systems were immersed in two different media, namely 1% lactic acid solution (pH 2.3), and 0.9% NaCl solution (pH 7.3). Magnetic flux densities of the attachment systems were measured with a gaussmeter after immersion to compare with measurements before immersion (α = 0.05). The data were statistically evaluated with one‐way ANOVA, paired‐samples t‐test, and post hoc Tukey‐Kramer multiple comparisons tests (α = 0.05).ResultsThe highest magnetic flux density was found in Dyna magnets for both single and attractive positions. In addition, after the magnets were in the corrosive environments for 2 weeks, they had a significant decrease in magnetic flux density (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between corrosive environments (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe leakage flux of all the magnetic attachments did not exceed the WHO's guideline of 40 mT. The magnets exhibited a significant decrease in magnetic flux density after aging in corrosive environments including lactic acid and NaCl.
DEVELOPING AN INTERVENTION TO PREVENT ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY: USING THE PLAN, DO, STUDY, ACT (PDSA) SERVICE IMPROVEMENT APPROACH
Authors: Byrne Jo , Xu Gang , Carr Sue 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYBackgroundIn the UK, recent National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines for acute kidney injury point to the need for interventions to help prevent this condition. Effective medicines management is of prime importance in reducing the risk of AKI. Part of this challenge is to increase patients' awareness of their medicines and the possible need to temporarily withhold certain medications when acutely unwell.ObjectivesThe objectives were to use a service improvement approach (the Plan, Do, Study, Act cycle) to develop an intervention and to evaluate current delivery of acute kidney injury management and to test and generate new ideas relating to patients' needs.DesignA postal feedback form sent to a random sample of over 200 patients with chronic kidney disease.MeasurementsThe feedback form collected information on: what patients know about acute kidney injury and managing medicines; where patients get their information from; whether patients want more information and where from; and what patients feel about self‐managing their medicines.ResultsCompleted feedback forms were received from 113 participants. Of these, 92% said they had received no advice, 77% of respondents wanted more advice but only 17% said they would feel comfortable to stop their own medication without medical consent.ConclusionsThe PDSA cycle offered a very useful framework to evaluate the current service delivery and to test and generate new ideas for the development of an AKI intervention. Our findings highlighted that the current service is limited and more robust research is needed.
On the Vector Autoregressive Sieve Bootstrap
Authors: Meyer Marco , Kreiss Jens‐Peter 
Published: September 2014

The concept of autoregressive sieve bootstrap is investigated for the case of vector autoregressive (VAR) time series. This procedure fits a finite‐order VAR model to the given data and generates residual‐based bootstrap replicates of the time series. The paper explores the range of validity of this resampling procedure and provides a general check criterion, which allows to decide whether the VAR sieve bootstrap asymptotically works for a specific statistic or not. In the latter case, we will point out the exact reason that causes the bootstrap to fail.The developed check criterion is then applied to some particularly interesting statistics.
Comparison of Serum Concentrations of Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Creatinine as Kidney Function Biomarkers in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Hall J.A. , Yerramilli M. , Obare E. , Yerramilli M. , Jewell D.E. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundSymmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has been shown to be an accurate and precise biomarker for calculating estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in humans, as well as a more sensitive biomarker than serum creatinine concentration (sCr) for assessing renal dysfunction.ObjectivesThe purpose of this retrospective study was to report on the utility of measuring serum SDMA concentrations in cats for detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) before diagnosis by conventional measurement of sCr.AnimalsChronic kidney disease cats (n = 21) included those persistently azotemic for ≥3 months (n = 15), nonazotemic cats with GFR >30% decreased from median GFR of normal cats (n = 4), and nonazotemic cats with calcium oxalate kidney stones (n = 2). Healthy geriatric cats (n = 21) were selected from the same colony.MethodsSymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations (liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy) and sCr (enzymatic colorimetry) were determined retrospectively from historical data or banked serum samples in azotemic cats or at the time GFR (iohexol clearance) was measured in nonazotemic cats.ResultsSerum SDMA (r = −0.79) and sCr (r = −0.77) concentrations were significantly correlated to GFR (both P < .0001). Symmetric dimethylarginine became increased before sCr in 17/21 cats (mean, 17.0 months; range, 1.5–48 months). Serum SDMA had higher sensitivity (100%) compared with sCr (17%), but lower specificity (91% versus 100%) and positive predictive value (86% versus 100%).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceUsing serum SDMA as a biomarker for CKD allows earlier detection of CKD in cats compared with sCr, which may be desirable for initiating renoprotective interventions that slow progression of CKD.
Pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin trihydrate in cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Authors: Seo J. S. , Jeon E. J. , Jung S. H. , Park M. A. , Kim N. Y. 
Published: September 2014

The study was aimed at investigating the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin trihydrate (AMOX) in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) following oral, intramuscular, and intravenous administration, using high‐performance liquid chromatography following. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), following oral administration of 40 and 80 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), AMOX was 1.14 (Tmax, 1.7 h) and 0.76 μg/mL (Tmax, 1.6 h), respectively. Intramuscular administration of 30 and 60 mg/kg of AMOX resulted in Cmax values of 4 and 4.3 μg/mL, respectively, with the corresponding Tmax values of 29 and 38 h. Intravenous administration of 6 mg/kg AMOX resulted in a Cmax of 9 μg/mL 2 h after administration. Following oral administration of 40 and 80 mg/kg AMOX, area under the curve (AUC) values were 52.257 and 41.219 μg/mL·h, respectively. Intramuscular 30 and 60 mg/kg doses resulted in AUC values of 370.274 and 453.655 μg/mL·h, respectively, while the AUC following intravenous administration was 86.274 μg/mL·h. AMOX bioavailability was calculated to be 9% and 3.6% following oral administration of 40 and 80 mg/kg, respectively, and the corresponding values following intramuscular administration were 86% and 53%. In conclusion, this study demonstrated high bioavailability of AMOX following oral administration in olive flounder.
Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol after intravenous administration in Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide‐induced endotoxaemic sheep
Authors: Pérez R. , Palma C. , Drápela C. , Sepulveda M. , Espinoza A. , Peñailillo A. K. 
Published: September 2014

Experiments in different animal species have shown that febrile conditions, induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), may alter the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. The objective was to study the effects of a LPS‐induced acute‐phase response (APR) model on plasma pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (FFC) after its intravenous administration in sheep. Six adult clinically healthy Suffolk Down sheep, 8 months old and 35.5 ± 2.2 kg in body weight (bw), were distributed through a crossover factorial 2 × 2 design, with 4 weeks of washout. Pairs of sheep similar in body weight were assigned to experimental groups: Group 1 (LPS) was treated with three intravenous doses of 1 μg/kg bw of E. coli LPS before FFC treatment. Group 2 (control) was treated with an equivalent volume of saline solution (SS) at similar intervals as LPS. At 24 h after the first injection of LPS or SS, an intravenous bolus of 20 mg/kg bw of FFC was administered. Blood samples (5 mL) were collected before drug administration and at different times between 0.05 and 48.0 h after treatment. FFC plasma concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography. A noncompartmental pharmacokinetic model was used for data analysis, and data were compared using a Mann–Whitney U‐test. The mean values of AUC0–∞ in the endotoxaemic sheep (105.9 ± 14.3 μg·h/mL) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than values observed in healthy sheep (78.4 ± 5.2 μg·h/mL). The total mean plasma clearance (CLT) decreased from 257.7 ± 16.9 mL·h/kg in the control group to 198.2 ± 24.1 mL·h/kg in LPS‐treated sheep. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in the terminal half‐life was observed in the endotoxaemic sheep (16.9 ± 3.8 h) compared to the values observed in healthy sheep (10.4 ± 3.2 h). In conclusion, the APR induced by the intravenous administration of E. coli LPS in sheep produces higher plasma concentrations of FFC due to a decrease in the total body clearance of the drug.
Impact of age on hepatic cytochrome P450 of domestic male Camborough‐29 pigs
Authors: Hu S. X. 
Published: September 2014

Swine is not only an important species in veterinary medicine research but also a popular animal model for human drug discovery. It is valuable to understand the impact of pig age on abundance and activity of porcine hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450). Liver microsomes were prepared from Camborough‐29 intact male pigs at the age of 1 day and 2 weeks and the castrated male pigs at the age of 5, 10, and 20 weeks. HepaticCYP450 content in the liver microsomes was measured using aUV/visible spectroscopic method. The activities ofCYP450s were evaluated by metabolism of phenacetin, coumarin, tolbutamide, bufuralol, chlorzoxazone, and midazolam. The porcine hepaticCYP450 content increased with age with a plateau between age 2 and 5 weeks. Activities of allCYP450 enzymes increased with age of pigs too. The bufuralol 1’‐hydroxylase showed the highest hepatic activities compared with otherCYPenzymes at all ages of pigs. The average activities at the age of 20 weeks were about five times higher than those at the age of 5 weeks for most of theCYPenzymes. With compensation of the ratio of liver to body weights, the overallCYP450 metabolism capability of the pigs may be peaked around ages of 10 to 20 weeks. Those findings suggest that metabolism can be significantly different in growing phase of pigs and that the age may be an important factor in porcine medicine evaluation and pig model development.