bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of involved node, involved field and mantle field radiotherapy on estimated radiation doses and risk of late effects for pediatric patients with Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Maraldo M.V. , Jørgensen M. , Brodin N.P. , Aznar M.C. , Vogelius I.R. , Petersen P.M. , Berthelsen A.K. , Christensen C.B. , Hjalgrim L.L. , Specht L. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundThe use of radiotherapy (RT) is debated for pediatric patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) due to the late effects of treatment. Radiation doses to the thyroid, heart, lungs, and breasts are compared with the extensive mantle field (MF), Involved Field RT (IFRT), Modified IFRT (mIFRT), and Involved Node RT (INRT) and the risk of radiation‐induced cardiovascular disease, secondary cancers, and the corresponding Life Years Lost (LYL) is estimated with each technique.ProcedureINRT, mIFRT, IFRT, and MF plans (20 and 30 Gy) were simulated for 10 supradiaphragmatic, clinical stage I–II classical HL patients ≤18 years old, total of 4 × 2 plans for each patient. The lifetime excess risks of cardiac morbidity, cardiac mortality, lung, breast, and thyroid cancer with each technique were estimated. The estimated excess risks attributable to RT were based on HL series with long‐term follow‐up, treating death from other causes as competing risks. The corresponding LYL were derived from the estimated excess risks. Statistical analyses were performed with repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsBoth a reduction in field size and in prescribed radiation dose significantly lowered the estimated dose to the heart, lungs, breasts, and thyroid compared to past, extended fields, even for patients with mediastinal disease. This translated into a significantly reduced estimated risk of cardiovascular disease, secondary cancers, and LYL.ConclusionsInvolved Node Radiotherapy should be considered for pediatric patients with Hodgkin lymphoma since it is estimated to substantially lower the risk of severe long‐term complications. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:717–722. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sirolimus for non‐progressive NF1‐associated plexiform neurofibromas: An NF clinical trials consortium phase II study
Authors: Weiss Brian , Widemann Brigitte C. , Wolters Pamela , Dombi Eva , Vinks Alexander A. , Cantor Alan , Korf Bruce , Perentesis John , Gutmann David H. , Schorry Elizabeth , Packer Roger , Fisher Michael J. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundPatients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) have an increased risk of developing tumors of the central and peripheral nervous system, including plexiform neurofibromas (PN), which are benign nerve sheath tumors that are among the most debilitating complications of NF1. There are no standard treatment options for PN other than surgery, which is often difficult due to the extensive growth and invasion of surrounding tissues. Mammalian Target of Rapamcyin (mTOR) acts as a master switch of cellular catabolism and anabolism and controls protein translation, angiogenesis, cell motility, and proliferation. The NF1 tumor suppressor, neurofibromin, regulates the mTOR pathway activity. Sirolimus is a macrolide antibiotic that inhibits mTOR activity.ProcedureWe conducted a 2‐stratum phase II clinical trial. In stratum 2, we sought to determine whether the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus in subjects with NF1 results in objective radiographic responses in inoperable PNs in the absence of documented radiographic progression at trial entry.ResultsNo subjects had better than stable disease by the end of six courses. However, the children's self‐report responses on health‐related quality of life questionnaires indicated a significant improvement in the mean scores of the Emotional and School domains from baseline to 6 months of sirolimus.ConclusionsThis study efficiently documented that sirolimus does not cause shrinkage of non‐progressive PNs, and thus should not be considered as a treatment option for these tumors. This study also supports the inclusion of patient‐reported outcome measures in clinical trials to assess areas of benefit that are not addressed by the medical outcomes. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:982–986. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changing patterns of use of osteoporosis medications in the years after launch: implications for comparative effectiveness research
Authors: Reams B. Diane , O'Malley Cynthia D. , Critchlow Cathy W. , Lauffenburger Julie C. , Brookhart M. Alan 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeNewly marketed medications may be used selectively in patients with more severe disease. Changes in patterns of use following a drug's introduction to the market can greatly influence results from non‐experimental comparative effectiveness research. We sought to explore this issue by characterizing trends in oral and injectable prescription drug claims for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.MethodsWe examined a post‐menopausal population of women age 55 years and older in the Truven Health Analytics MarketScan® Databases. We used propensity score (PS) methods to describe how predictors of new users of oral and injectable osteoporosis medications change over time.ResultsWe found that injectable osteoporosis medications tended to be used more selectively in the higher risk patients shortly after launch. Over time, they appeared to be used increasingly in lower risk patients.ConclusionIf disease severity is incompletely captured in the data, comparative effectiveness of novel osteoporosis medications may be difficult to accurately estimate, particularly when medications are new to market. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Murine norovirus protein NS1/2 aspartate to glutamate mutation, sufficient for persistence, reorients side chain of surface exposed tryptophan within a novel structured domain
Authors: Borin Brendan N. , Tang Wei , Nice Timothy J. , McCune Broc T. , Virgin Herbert W. , Krezel Andrzej M. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTCompact viral genomes such as those found in noroviruses, which cause significant enteric disease in humans, often encode only a few proteins, but affect a wide range of processes in their hosts and ensure efficient propagation of the virus. Both human and mouse noroviruses (MNVs) persistently replicate and are shed in stool, a highly effective strategy for spreading between hosts. For MNV, the presence of a glutamate rather than an aspartate at position 94 of the NS1/2 protein was previously shown to be essential for persistent replication and shedding. Here, we analyze these critical sequences of NS1/2 at the structural level. Using solution nuclear magnetic resonance methods, we determined folded NS1/2 domain structures from a nonpersistent murine norovirus strain CW3, a persistent strain CR6, and a persistent mutant strain CW3D94E. We found an unstructured PEST‐like domain followed by a novel folded domain in the N‐terminus of NS1/2. All three forms of the domain are stable and monomeric in solution. Residue 94, critical for determining persistence, is located in a reverse turn following an α‐helix in the folded domain. The longer side chain of glutamate, but not aspartate, allows interaction with the indole group of the nearby tryptophan, reshaping the surface of the domain. The discrimination between glutamyl and aspartyl residue is imposed by the stable tertiary conformation. These structural requirements correlate with the in vivo function of NS1/2 in persistence, a key element of norovirus biology and infection. Proteins 2014; 82:1200–1209. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rewards of scientific research – a guide to patent protection
Authors: Schmid Michael 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn today's globalized world of free market competition, research and development play a crucial role in adding value to a company or research institution. While for many scientific research institutions financial assets are not their primary focus, public research funding is becoming a major issue due to the tight financial situation of many countries. Since patents are marketable assets or economic goods, they can have a significant market value. Thus, patenting innovations and profiting from the patents may be a practical way to recoup development costs dedicated to research. Since in the area of nanotechnology, a large and increasing market is developing [3], an overview on patent protection in that technological area is provided. Various strategies are elucidated and discussed which help to safeguard nanotechnology innovations. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Report on the Special Miniworkshop “nano&Management”
Authors: Roth Siegmar , Schmid Michael , Skákalová Viera , Duesberg Georg S. , Kolaric Ivica , Carroll David 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis is a short report on a special workshop on matters “around” science, held during the Kirchberg Winterschool 2013 on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials. The topics discussed are patents, experiences of small start‐up companies, funding and patenting strategies of large research institutes (like CRANN in Ireland and Fraunhofer Society in Germany) and success stories of cooperation between American university institutes and industrial partners (from invention over demonstrator, prototype, and pilot plant to production lines). (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Formation energy of intrinsic point defects in nanometer‐thick Si and Ge foils and implications for Ge crystal growth from a melt
Authors: Kamiyama Eiji , Sueoka Koji , Vanhellemont Jan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFormation energies of vacancies and self‐interstitials in nanometer‐thick Si and Ge foils are calculated by means of Density Functional Theory applying thin film models. Plate models consisting of six to sixteen atomic layers with c(4×2) dimer structures on both surfaces with a vacuum slab are used. The formation energies Ef of the intrinsic point defects of Si and Ge in the middle of the foil and obtained from the twelve layer models, are in good agreement with reported values for bulk material. In all cases, Ef in the middle of the foil decreases with decreasing foil thickness. Using the same twelve or more layers thin plate models for Si and Ge thus also allows comparing the formation energies of intrinsic point defects in the bulk. The thermal equilibrium concentration of Ge self‐interstitials near melt temperature is more than one order of magnitude lower than that of Si self‐interstitials while the vacancy concentrations are of same order of magnitude. Contrary to Si, the diffusivity of Ge self‐interstitials can therefore not recover the unbalance of the thermal equilibrium concentrations during crystal growth, even if the growth rate is reduced to very low values. This is the reason why Ge crystals grown from a melt are always vacancy‐rich which results in void formation in‐dependent of the crystal growth conditions. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gate‐engineering‐based approach to improve the nanoscale DG MOSFET behavior against interfacial trap effects
Authors: Bentrcia Toufik , Djeffal Fayçal , Arar Djemai , Dibi Zouhir 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a numerical investigation based framework for the analysis of a new MOSFET device, which is motivated by gate engineering and junctionless channel paradigms. The device immunity against the hot carrier effect is evaluated by comparing the obtained relative degradation in the threshold voltage to its counterparts in the conventional and single junctionless double gate MOSFETs. It is found that our proposed design can efficiently deal with the hot carrier and short channel effects. As a result, the gate‐engineering‐based design for junctionless channel structures appears to be of potential importance in the development of nanoscale devices dedicated to digital circuit applications. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Role of the early stages of Ni‐Si interaction on the formation of transrotational Ni‐silicides
Authors: Alberti Alessandra , Bongiorno Corrado , Spinella Corrado , Magna Antonino La 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHere we provide an overview on the crucial role played by the early stages of Ni‐Si interaction on the reaction process and on the scalability of the reaction products. During the early stages, a precursor layer (a Ni‐Si mixed layer) is formed at the deposition stage, whose properties can be tuned in a proper and convenient way. With this method, transrotational Ni‐silicide layers can be formed on [001] silicon substrate in a wide range of conditions. A transrotational structure represents an alternative order status possible for thin films allowing them to release the strain accumulated in the attempt to realise a hetero‐epitaxial couplings with the substrate. Transrotational layers offer wide reaction and structural stability windows as well as a good electrical behaviour. Their scalability down to 14 nm was tested, and it was verified that the layer performances are even preserved if compared to reference poly‐thick layers (e. g. uniformity, structural stability, layer conductivity, low contact resistance). (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New junctionless RADFET dosimeter design for low‐cost radiation monitoring applications
Authors: Arar Djemai , Djeffal Fayçal , Bentrcia Toufik , Chahdi Mohamed 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the presentation of a quantitative analysis of the Junctionless Gate All Around RADFET (JL GAA RADFET) dosimeter, where the numerical simulation has been carried out using the Atlas 3‐D simulator. The impact of the total dose, alternative gate materials and the channel doping on the threshold voltage of the JL GAA RADFET is addressed. The obtained results have indicated a significant improvement in the subthreshold parameters when compared to the conventional GAA RADFET dosimeter. Therefore, the implementation of junctionless‐based sensors in the near future can provide more accurate results with low costs, in addition to alleviating many difficulties in the measurement procedure. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation of the tunneling properties and surface morphologies of BaSi2/Si tunnel junctions for BaSi2 solar cell applications
Authors: Du Weijie , Baba Masakazu , Takabe Ryota , Zhang Ning , Toko Kaoru , Usami Noritaka , Suemasu Takashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThree different tunnel junctions (p+‐BaSi2/p+‐Si, n+‐BaSi2/p+‐Si and n+‐BaSi2/n+‐Si) have been fabricated for the formation of BaSi2 solar cells on Si substrates. Investigation of the tunneling properties and surface morphologies of these tunnel junctions has been done to find out which one is the best. From the current‐voltage characteristics, p+‐BaSi2/p+‐Si tunnel junction showed the greatest current of the three. The surface morphologies revealed that the p+‐BaSi2/p+‐Si tunnel junction has a very smooth surface compared with the other tunnel junctions. Tunnel junction with a smooth surface is a requirement for growing BaSi2 overlayers for BaSi2 solar cells. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Near‐infrared photoluminescence from the eutectic mixture of β‐FeSi2 and Si
Authors: Hara Yoshiaki , Sato Keisuke , Nakaoka Kanichiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe have focused on the near‐infrared photoluminescence (PL) of eutectic mixture of β‐FeSi2 and Si which is able to obtain from eutectic reaction of α‐FeSi2ingot. Temperature dependence of PL were investigated and the PL from the eutectic mixture of β‐FeSi2 and Si are attributed intrinsic PL of β‐FeSi2 and defect related emissions from the interface between β‐FeSi2 and segregated Si. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dictionary‐learning‐based reconstruction method for electron tomography
Authors: Liu Baodong , Yu Hengyong , Verbridge Scott S. , Sun Lizhi , Wang Ge 
Published: November 2013

SummaryElectron tomography usually suffers from so‐called “missing wedge” artifacts caused by limited tilt angle range. An equally sloped tomography (EST) acquisition scheme (which should be called the linogram sampling scheme) was recently applied to achieve 2.4‐angstrom resolution. On the other hand, a compressive sensing inspired reconstruction algorithm, known as adaptive dictionary based statistical iterative reconstruction (ADSIR), has been reported for X‐ray computed tomography. In this paper, we evaluate the EST, ADSIR, and an ordered‐subset simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (OS‐SART), and compare the ES and equally angled (EA) data acquisition modes. Our results show that OS‐SART is comparable to EST, and the ADSIR outperforms EST and OS‐SART. Furthermore, the equally sloped projection data acquisition mode has no advantage over the conventional equally angled mode in this context. SCANNING 36:377–383, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An integrated implementation framework for compile‐time metaprogramming
Authors: Lilis Yannis , Savidis Anthony 
Published: November 2013

SummaryCompile‐time metaprograms are programs executed during the compilation of a source file, usually targeting to update its source code. Even though metaprograms are essentially programs, they are typically treated as exceptional cases without sharing common practices and development tools. Toward this direction, we identify a set of primary requirements related to language implementation, metaprogramming features, software engineering support, and programming environments and elaborate on addressing these requirements in the implementation of a metaprogramming language. In particular, we introduce the notion of integrated compile‐time metaprograms, as coherent programs assembled from specific metacode fragments present in the source code. We show the expressiveness of this programming model and illustrate its advantages through various metaprogram scenarios. Additionally, we present an integrated tool chain, supporting full‐scale build features and compile‐time metaprogram debugging. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring during Thoracoscopic Esophagectomy
Authors: Ikeda Yoshifumi , Inoue Taisuke , Ogawa Estushi , Horikawa Masahiro , Inaba Tsuyoshi , Fukushima Ryoji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroductionThere have been several reports on the feasibility and curability of thoracoscopic esophagectomy, which may reduce injury to the thoracic cage and decrease the invasiveness of surgery. Although the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is identified and kept intact during operations, RLN palsy sometimes occurs. Currently, surgical aides, including intraoperative neurological monitoring, are being utilized to avoid RLN injury during thyroid surgery. This system is utilized during thoracoscopic esophagectomy in the prone position.Patients and methodsSeven consecutive patients (six men, one woman; age range 62–74 years; mean 68 years) were included. Patients underwent general anesthesia and were intubated using the NIM TriVantage™ electromyography (EMG) tube. One‐lung ventilation was performed with an endobronchial blocker. Thoracoscopic esophagectomy was performed in the prone position. The nerve stimulator was calibrated to 0.5 mA, and after the RLN was visually identified it was subsequently stimulated, which also confirmed normal machine functioning. In some situations, in the absence of a response, stimuli were increased to 1.0 mA and then 2.0 mA.ResultsIntraoperatively, all seven patients had their nerve signals monitored. In one case, a nerve signal disappeared after complete lymph node dissection along the left RLN. This system could identify the site of injury, and the thoracoscopic magnified view allowed the disrupted point to be located precisely. When we checked VTR after surgery, the source of injury was one point tension of the nerve pulled by fiber during lymph node dissection.ConclusionsIntraoperative RLN monitoring during thoracoscopic esophagectomy in the prone position, with one‐lung ventilation performed using the TriVantage™ EMG tube and a bronchial blocker, is technically feasible, easy, and reliable.
Feasibility of newborn screening for guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency
Authors: Pasquali Marzia , Schwarz Elisabeth , Jensen Maren , Yuzyuk Tatiana , DeBiase Irene , Randall Harper , Longo Nicola 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGuanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency causes brain creatine deficiency characterized by developmental delays, speech delay, seizures and autism‐like behavior. Identification and therapy at birth because of a positive family history has prevented intellectual disability and seizures in all cases reported. The objective of this study was to develop a method to identify patients with GAMT deficiency from newborn screening blood spots. Creatine and guanidinoacetate were extracted from 10,000 deidentified blood spots using the same protocol routinely used for newborn screening and quantified by stable isotope dilution using deuterated creatine and guanidinoacetate as internal standards. Residual dried blood spots from three infants with GAMT deficiency were used to evaluate the sensitivity of the method. A second tier test using UPLC‐MS/MS was performed to analyze samples with a concentration of guanidinoacetate >2.44 μmol/L (99.5th centile of the normal population). Fifty four blood spots required second tier testing in addition to seven blood spots from three patients with GAMT deficiency retrospectively analyzed. With second tier testing, only the samples from GAMT deficiency patients had elevated concentration of guanidinoacetate. Our results show that GAMT deficiency can be identified in newborns using routine extraction methods. The cost of this additional screening is minimal, as it does not require additional instrumentation, procedure, or sample collection. The use of a second tier test can reduce the false positive rate to a minimum. Summary Brain creatine deficiency syndromes cause mental retardation that can be prevented if therapy is initiated early in life. This manuscript reports that infants with GAMT deficiency (one of the brain creatine deficiency syndromes) can be identified from elevated guanidinoacetate in newborn blood spots with virtually absent false‐positive results using a second tier test.
Linear stability analysis of channel flow of viscoelastic Oldroyd-B and FENE-P fluids
Authors: Zhang Mengqi , Lashgari Iman , Zaki Tamer A. , Brandt Luca 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe study the modal and non-modal linear instability of inertia-dominated channel flow of viscoelastic fluids modelled by the Oldroyd-B and FENE-P closures. The effects of polymer viscosity and relaxation time are considered for both fluids, with the additional parameter of the maximum possible extension for the FENE-P. We find that the parameter explaining the effect of the polymer on the instability is the ratio between the polymer relaxation time and the characteristic instability time scale (the frequency of a modal wave and the time over which the disturbance grows in the non-modal case). Destabilization of both modal and non-modal instability is observed when the polymer relaxation time is shorter than the instability time scale, whereas the flow is more stable in the opposite case. Analysis of the kinetic energy budget reveals that in both regimes the production of perturbation kinetic energy due to the work of the Reynolds stress against the mean shear is responsible for the observed effects where polymers act to alter the correlation between the streamwise and wall-normal velocity fluctuations. In the subcritical regime, the non-modal amplification of streamwise elongated structures is still the most dangerous disturbance-growth mechanism in the flow and this is slightly enhanced by the presence of polymers. However, viscoelastic effects are found to have a stabilizing effect on the amplification of oblique modes.