bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of lithium on growth, maturation, reproduction and gene expression in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Inokuchi Ayako , Yamamoto Ryoko , Morita Fumiyo , Takumi Shota , Matsusaki Hiromi , Ishibashi Hiroshi , Tominaga Nobuaki , Arizono Koji 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTLithium (Li) has been widely used to treat bipolar disorder, and industrial use of Li has been increasing; thus, environmental pollution and ecological impacts of Li have become a concern. This study was conducted to clarify the potential biological effects of LiCl and Li2CO3 on a nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system for evaluating soil contaminated with Li. Exposure of C. elegans to LiCl and Li2CO3 decreased growth/maturation and reproduction. The lowest observed effect concentrations for growth, maturation and reproduction were 1250, 313 and 10 000 µm, respectively, for LiCl and 750, 750 and 3000 µm, respectively, for Li2CO3. We also investigated the physiological function of LiCl and LiCO3 in C. elegans using DNA microarray analysis as an eco‐toxicogenomic approach. Among approximately 300 unique genes, including metabolic genes, the exposure to 78 µm LiCl downregulated the expression of 36 cytochrome P450, 16 ABC transporter, 10 glutathione S‐transferase, 16 lipid metabolism and two vitellogenin genes. On the other hand, exposure to 375 µm Li2CO3 downregulated the expression of 11 cytochrome P450, 13 ABC transporter, 13 lipid metabolism and one vitellogenin genes. No gene was upregulated by LiCl or Li2CO3. These results suggest that LiCl and Li2CO3 potentially affect the biological and physiological function in C. elegans associated with alteration of the gene expression such as metabolic genes. Our data also provide experimental support for the utility of toxicogenomics by integrating gene expression profiling into a toxicological study of an environmentally important organism such as C. elegans. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genomic and gene expression responses to genotoxic stress in PAC2 zebrafish embryonic cell line
Authors: Šrut Maja , Bourdineaud Jean‐Paul , Štambuk Anamaria , Klobučar Göran I. V. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPAC2 cell line is, along most of the developed zebrafish cell lines, poorly characterized concerning its response to genotoxicants. To define the PAC2 cell line response to different forms of genotoxic stress, we exposed the cells to model genotoxic agents (benzo[a]pyrene, B[a]P, and ethyl methanesulfonate) and subsequently monitored DNA damage and alterations by using the battery of tests, including the Comet assay, quantitative random‐amplified polymorphic DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism. The expression of several DNA repair (xpc, xpd, hr23b, rad51, msh2) and oxidative stress response (sod (Cu/Zn)) genes was monitored as well. To obtain an indication of the PAC2 cell line metabolizing capacity, the expression of genes belonging to cyp1, cyp2 and cyp3 families was assessed upon exposure to B[a]P. Genotoxic responses were observed in all the used methods, and quantitative random‐amplified polymorphic DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism proved to be more sensitive by revealing DNA alterations even when the Comet assay indicated lack of significant damage. The PAC2 cell line demonstrated basal and B[a]P‐induced expression of several cyp genes, suggesting its ability to metabolize indirect acting xenobiotics to a certain point. Based on these results, PAC2 cells seem to be sensitive zebrafish in vitro model in the genotoxicity assessment of the direct acting genotoxicant; however, they are less sensitive toward the indirect acting genotoxicant due to their limited metabolizing properties. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why Aid is Unpredictable: An Empirical Analysis of the Gap Between Actual and Planned Aid Flows
Authors: Canavire‐Bacarreza Gustavo Javier , Neumayer Eric , Nunnenkamp Peter 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAid flows continue to be volatile and unpredictable, even though it is widely accepted that this erodes the effectiveness of foreign aid. We argue that fragmented donor–recipient relationships, notably the large number of minor aid relations that tend to be associated with donors' desire to ‘fly their flag’ around the world, increase aid unpredictability. Our empirical analysis of the determinants of aid unpredictability suggests that aid becomes less predictable with more fragmented donor–recipient relationships. Specifically, the effect of fragmentation on overshooting previous spending plans is statistically significant and substantively important. In contrast, fragmented donor–recipient relationships have no effect on the shortfall of actual aid compared with donors' spending plans. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations Between Motor Vehicle Crashes and Mental Health Problems: Data From the National Survey of Adolescents‐Replication
Authors: Williams Joah L. , Rheingold Alyssa A. , Knowlton Alice W. , Saunders Benjamin E. , Kilpatrick Dean G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMotor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are a leading cause of physical injuries and mortality among children and adolescents in the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between having an MVC and mental health outcomes, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and drug and alcohol misuse in a nationally representative sample of adolescents. A sample of 3,604 adolescents, aged 12–17 years, was assessed as part of the 2005 National Survey of Adolescents‐Replication (NSA‐R) study. Data were weighted according to the 2005 U.S. Census estimates. Within this sample, 10.2% of adolescents reported having at least 1 serious MVC. The prevalence of current PTSD and depression among adolescents having an MVC was 7.4% and 11.2%, respectively. Analyses revealed that an MVC among adolescents aged 15 years and younger was independently associated with depression (OR = 2.17) and alcohol abuse (OR = 2.36) after adjusting for other risk factors, including a history of interpersonal violence. Among adolescents aged 16 years and older, an MVC was associated only with alcohol abuse (OR = 2.08). This study was the first attempt to explore adverse mental health outcomes associated with MVCs beyond traumatic stress symptoms among adolescents in a nationally representative sample.
A Novel Nanocomposite Hydrogel with Precisely Tunable UCST and LCST
Authors: Xia Mengge , Cheng Yanhua , Meng Zhouqi , Jiang Xiaoze , Chen Zhigang , Theato Patrick , Zhu Meifang 
Published: January 2015

Novel thermosensitive nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels consisting of organic/inorganic networks are prepared via in situ free radical polymerization of 2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate (MEO2MA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA) in the presence of inorganic cross‐linker clay in aqueous solution. The obtained clay/P(MEO2MA‐co‐OEGMA) hydrogels exhibit double volume phase transition temperatures, an upper critical solution temperature (UCST), and a lower critical solution temperature (LCST), which can be controlled between 5 and 85 °C by varying the fraction of OEGMA units and the weight percentage of cross‐linker clay. These new types of NC hydrogels with excellent reversible thermosensitivity are promising for temperature‐sensitive applications such as smart optical switches.
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Trends in overweight and obesity in soldiers entering the USArmy, 1989‐2012
Authors: Hruby Adela , Hill Owen T. , Bulathsinhala Lakmini , McKinnon Craig J. , Montain Scott J. , Young Andrew J. , Smith Tracey J. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveThe US Army recruits new soldiers from an increasingly obese civilian population. The change in weight status at entry into the Army between 1989 and 2012 and the demographic characteristics associated with overweight/obesity at entry were examined.Methods1,741,070 unique individuals with complete sex, age, and anthropometric information contributed data to linear and logistic regressions examining time trends and associations between demographic characteristics and overweight/obesity.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight (body mass index 25‐<30 kg/m2) generally increased, from 25.8% (1989) to 37.2% (2012), peaking at 37.9% (2011). The prevalence of obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) also increased from 5.6% (1989) to 8.0% (2012), peaking at 12.3% (2009); 2005‐2009 annual prevalence exceeded 10%. The most consistent demographic characteristics predicting overweight/obesity were male sex, older age, Hispanic or Asian/Pacific Island race/ethnicity, and being married. There were no distinct geographic trends.ConclusionsThe US Army is not immune to the US obesity epidemic. Demographic characteristics associated with being overweight or obese should be considered when developing military‐sponsored weight management programs for new soldiers.
Peripartum and neonatal outcomes of small‐for‐gestational‐age infants with gastroschisis
Authors: Girsen Anna I. , Do Samantha , Davis Alexis S. , Hintz Susan R. , Desai Arti K. , Mansour Trina , Merritt T. Allen , Oshiro Bryan T. , El‐Sayed Yasser Y. , Blumenfeld Yair J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectivesNeonates with gastroschisis are often small for gestational age (SGA) based on population nomograms. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of SGA on perinatal and neonatal outcomes in cases of gastroschisis.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of neonates with prenatally diagnosed gastroschisis from two academic centers between 2008 and 13. Perinatal and neonatal outcomes of neonates with SGA at birth were compared with appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) neonates. The primary composite outcome was defined as any of the following: neonatal sepsis, short bowel syndrome at discharge, prolonged mechanical ventilation (upper quartile for the cohort), bowel atresia or death.ResultsWe identified 112 cases of gastroschisis, 25 of whom (22%) were SGA at birth. There were no differences in adverse peripartum outcomes between SGA and AGA infants. No difference was found in the primary composite neonatal outcome (52% vs 36%, p = 0.21), but SGA infants were more likely to have prolonged mechanical ventilation (44% vs 22%, p = 0.04) and prolonged length of stay (LOS) (52% vs 22%, p = 0.007). After adjusting for GA at delivery, SGA remained associated with prolonged LOS (OR = 4.3, CI: 1.6–11.8).ConclusionAmong infants with gastroschisis, SGA at birth is associated with a fourfold increase in odds for prolonged LOS, independent of GA. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinants of first trimester combined test participation within the central region of the Netherlands
Authors: Crombag Neeltje M. T. H. , Schielen Peter C. J. I. , Hukkelhoven Chantal W. , Iedema Rita , Bensing Jozien M. , Visser Gerard H. A. , Stoutenbeek Philip , Koster Maria P. H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveOur objective is to study the association between potentially influential determinants and first‐trimester combined test (FCT) uptake rates in the central region of the Netherlands.MethodsData were extracted from the national prenatal screening database Peridos and the Netherlands Perinatal Registry and compared at the level of the health care provider. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analysis was used to determine the effect of determinants (maternal age, parity, socio‐economic status (SES), mode of conception, ethnicity and urbanisation) on uptake.ResultsPrenatal screening data were available for 24 657 women and overall uptake rate was 25.7%. The strongest association with FCT uptake was found for advanced maternal age (β 2.2; 95% CI [1.7, 2.8]). Grand multiparity had a significantly negative association with FCT uptake (β −4.3; 95% CI [−5.9, −2.7]). Positive associations were found for very high urbanisation (β 0.3; 95% CI [0.1, 0.4]) and high SES (β 0.2; 95% CI [0.0, 0.3]).ConclusionAdvanced maternal age is strongly associated with participation in prenatal testing. The role of age related risk perception should be incorporated in future policy making to support women in informed and autonomous decision making. The negative association of grand multiparity and FCT might be religion based but requires further research. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between hippocampal atrophy and neuropathology markers: A 7T MRI validation study of the EADC‐ADNI Harmonized Hippocampal Segmentation Protocol
Authors: Apostolova Liana G. , Zarow Chris , Biado Kristina , Hurtz Sona , Boccardi Marina , Somme Johanne , Honarpisheh Hedieh , Blanken Anna E. , Brook Jenny , Tung Spencer , Kraft Emily , Lo Darrick , Ng Denise , Alger Jeffry R. , Vinters Harry V. , Bocchetta Martina , Duvernoy Henri , Jack Clifford R. , Frisoni Giovanni B. ,   EADC‐ADNI Working Group on the Harmonized Protocol for Manual Hippocampal Segmentation, Bartzokis George , Csernansky John G. , de Leon Mony J. , deToledo‐Morrell Leyla , Killiany Ronald J. , Lehericy Stephane , Malykhin Nikolai , Pantel Johannes , Pruessner Jens C. , Soininen Hilkka , Watson Craig 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe pathologic validation of European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Center Harmonized Hippocampal Segmentation Protocol (HarP).MethodsTemporal lobes of nine Alzheimer's disease (AD) and seven cognitively normal subjects were scanned post‐mortem at 7 Tesla. Hippocampal volumes were obtained with HarP. Six‐micrometer‐thick hippocampal slices were stained for amyloid beta (Aβ), tau, and cresyl violet. Hippocampal subfields were manually traced. Neuronal counts, Aβ, and tau burden for each hippocampal subfield were obtained.ResultsWe found significant correlations between hippocampal volume and Braak and Braak staging (ρ = −0.75, P = .001), tau (ρ = −0.53, P = .034), Aβ burden (ρ = −0.61, P = .012), and neuronal count (ρ = 0.77, P < .001). Exploratory subfield‐wise significant associations were found for Aβ in Cornu Ammonis (CA)1 (ρ = −0.58, P = .019) and subiculum (ρ = −0.75, P = .001), tau in CA2 (ρ = −0.59, P = .016), and CA3 (ρ = −0.5, P = .047), and neuronal count in CA1 (ρ = 0.55, P = .028), CA3 (ρ = 0.65, P = .006), and CA4 (ρ = 0.76, P = .001).ConclusionsThe observed associations provide pathological confirmation of hippocampal morphometry as a valid biomarker for AD and pathologic validation of HarP.
Numerical simulation of jets generated by a sphere moving vertically in a stratified fluid
Authors: Hanazaki H. , Nakamura S. , Yoshikawa H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe flow past a sphere moving vertically at constant speeds in a salt-stratified fluid is investigated numerically at moderate Reynolds numbers $\mathit{Re}$. Time development of the flow shows that the violation of density conservation is the key process for the generation of the buoyant jet observed in the experiments. For example, if the sphere moves downward, isopycnal surfaces are simply deformed and dragged down by the sphere while the density is conserved along the flow. (The flow pattern is inverted if the sphere moves upward. Some explanations are given in the introduction.) Then, the flow will never become steady. As density diffusion becomes effective around the sphere surface and generates a horizontal hole in the isopycnal surface, fluid with non-conserved density is detached from the isopycnal surface and moves upward to generate a buoyant jet. These processes will constitute a steady state near the sphere. With lengths scaled by the sphere diameter and velocities by the downward sphere velocity, the duration of density conservation at the rear/upper stagnation point, or the maximum distance that the isopycnal surface is dragged downward, is proportional to the Froude number $\mathit{Fr}$, and estimated well by ${\rm\pi}\mathit{Fr}$ for $\mathit{Fr}\gtrsim 1$ and $\mathit{Re}\gtrsim 200$, corresponding to a constant potential energy. The radius of a jet defined by the density and velocity distributions, which would have correlations with the density and velocity boundary layers on the sphere, is estimated well by $\sqrt{\mathit{Fr }/2\mathit{Re }\mathit{ Sc}}$ and $\sqrt{\mathit{Fr }/2\mathit{Re}}$ respectively for $\mathit{Fr}\lesssim 1$, where $\mathit{Sc}$ is the Schmidt number. Numerical results agree well with the previous experiments, and the origin of the conspicuous bell-shaped structure observed by the shadowgraph method is identified as an internal wave.
COI barcode based species-specific primers for identification of five species of stored-product pests from genus Cryptolestes (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae)
Authors: Varadínová Z. , Wang Y. J. , Kučerová Z. , Stejskal V. , Opit G. , Cao Y. , Li F. J. , Li Z. H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFlat grain beetles of the genus Cryptolestes (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) are one of the economically most important stored-product pests which feed on many kinds of agricultural products, especially grains. Nine of more than 40 described Cryptolestes species are recognized as stored-product pests and two of the pest species have a cosmopolitan distribution. Given the rapid growth in global trade of food products, ecological barriers to the spread of pests are easily overcome. Therefore, development of reliable systems for routine quarantine inspection and early infestation detection is vital. In the present study, we established a new rapid and accurate cytochrome c oxidase subunit I-based system for molecular identification of five common stored-product Cryptolestes species, namely, Cryptolestes capensis, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptolestes pusilloides, Cryptolestes pusillus and Cryptolestes turcicus. Five species-specific primer pairs for traditional uniplex polymerase chain reaction assay are described and their specificity and sensitivity for the identification process is evaluated using larval samples of 12 different populations from three continents (Asia, Europe and North America).
Territoriality and State Succession in Cultural Heritage
Authors: Jakubowski Andrzej 
Published: January 2015

Abstract:The international legal discourse on the topic of state succession in cultural property has long been dominated by the concept of territoriality—the territorial provenance (origin) of cultural assets. This traditional reasoning was essentially rooted in the idea of the European nation-state. In the last 50 years, the principle of territoriality has also become accommodated within the framework of the preservation of cultural heritage. Yet such territorial and protective approaches do not take into account the value of cultural heritage for society, that is, groups and individuals that have created or maintained a given heritage. This article attempts to explore the potential clash between the principles of territoriality and human rights, with respect to state succession in cultural heritage matters. In this context, it deals with some recent ongoing interstate negotiations on the allocation of and access to cultural property with respect to post–World War II developments in state succession among Poland, Germany, and Ukraine.
The relationship between childhood adversity and food insecurity: ‘It’s like a bird nesting in your head’
Authors: Chilton Mariana , Knowles Molly , Rabinowich Jenny , Arnold Kimberly T 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveAdverse childhood experiences, including abuse, neglect and household instability, affect lifelong health and economic potential. The present study investigates how adverse childhood experiences are associated with food insecurity by exploring caregivers’ perceptions of the impact of their childhood adversity on educational attainment, employment and mental health.DesignSemi-structured audio-recorded in-person interviews that included (i) quantitative measures of maternal and child health, adverse childhood experiences (range: 0–10) and food security using the US Household Food Security Survey Module; and (ii) qualitative audio-recorded investigations of experiences with abuse, neglect, violence and hunger over participants’ lifetimes.SettingHouseholds in Philadelphia, PA, USA.SubjectsThirty-one mothers of children <4 years old who reported low or very low household food security.ResultsTwenty-one caregivers (68 %) reported four or more adverse childhood experiences, and this severity was significantly associated with reports of very low food security (Fisher’s exactP=0·021). Mothers reporting emotional and physical abuse were more likely to report very low food security (Fisher’s exactP=0·032). Qualitatively, participants described the impact of childhood adverse experiences with emotional and physical abuse/neglect, and household substance abuse, on their emotional health, school performance and ability to maintain employment. In turn, these experiences negatively affected their ability to protect their children from food insecurity.ConclusionsThe associations between mothers’ adverse experiences in childhood and reports of current household food security should inspire researchers, advocates and policy makers to comprehensively address family hardship through greater attention to the emotional health of caregivers. Programmes meant to address nutritional deprivation and financial hardship should include trauma-informed approaches that integrate behavioural interventions.
The malignant phenotype in breast cancer is driven by eIF4A1-mediated changes in the translational landscape
Authors: Modelska A , Turro E , Russell R , Beaton J , Sbarrato T , Spriggs K , Miller J , Gräf S , Provenzano E , Blows F , Pharoah P , Caldas C , Le Quesne J 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHuman mRNA DeXD/H-box helicases are ubiquitous molecular motors that are required for the majority of cellular processes that involve RNA metabolism. One of the most abundant is eIF4A, which is required during the initiation phase of protein synthesis to unwind regions of highly structured mRNA that would otherwise impede the scanning ribosome. Dysregulation of protein synthesis is associated with tumorigenesis, but little is known about the detailed relationships between RNA helicase function and the malignant phenotype in solid malignancies. Therefore, immunohistochemical analysis was performed on over 3000 breast tumors to investigate the relationship among expression of eIF4A1, the helicase-modulating proteins eIF4B, eIF4E and PDCD4, and clinical outcome. We found eIF4A1, eIF4B and eIF4E to be independent predictors of poor outcome in ER-negative disease, while in contrast, the eIF4A1 inhibitor PDCD4 was related to improved outcome in ER-positive breast cancer. Consistent with these data, modulation of eIF4A1, eIF4B and PCDC4 expression in cultured MCF7 cells all restricted breast cancer cell growth and cycling. The eIF4A1-dependent translatome of MCF7 cells was defined by polysome profiling, and was shown to be highly enriched for several classes of oncogenic genes, including G-protein constituents, cyclins and protein kinases, and for mRNAs with G/C-rich 5′UTRs with potential to form G-quadruplexes and with 3′UTRs containing microRNA target sites. Overall, our data show that dysregulation of mRNA unwinding contributes to the malignant phenotype in breast cancer via preferential translation of a class of genes involved in pro-oncogenic signaling at numerous levels. Furthermore, immunohistochemical tests are promising biomarkers for tumors sensitive to anti-helicase therapies.