bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
5G RedCap Enhancement Towards Improved Cellular LPWAN/5G-IoT for Smart Cities and Industrial IoT Using Genetic Algorithm-Based Neural Network
Authors: Ogbodo Emmanuel U. , Abu-Mahfouz Adnan M. , Kurien Anish A. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The low power wide area networks (LPWANs) technologies significantly
impact numerous IoT deployment use cases, especially in the smart cities' scenario. LPWAN is
used to support low data rate use cases. Unfortunately, medium data rate (up to 50 Mbps and more)
IoT applications are not operational by LPWAN. Hence, a 5G reduced capability (RedCap) new radio (NR) device was provided to address this limitation. However, the 5G RedCap suffers a coverage loss due to the reduction of the physical layer complexity of the 5G legacy user equipment
(UE). Therefore, 5G RedCap enhancements require coverage loss compensation.

Objective:
This paper aims to improve the performance of 5G RedCap in terms of coverage, energy
efficiency, and throughput for Smart Cities and Industrial IoT (IIoT) using a genetic algorithmbased neural network (GA-NN) model.

Methods:
The method involves using a GA-NN model for a two-fold enhancement of the 5G RedCap. This enhancement includes a specialized-enhancement RedCap (se-RedCap) for low data
rates and an enhanced RedCap (eRedCap) for high data rates (up to 300 Mbps) support. The GANN model has been implemented and assessed in MATLAB Global Optimization and 5G Toolbox.
Furthermore, an introduced and modified parametric rectified linear unit (ePReLU) activation function fA evaluates the final summation data parameters trained with a specific threshold for the best
performance.

Results:
The numerical results confirm that the specialized-enhancement RedCap (se-RedCap) and
enhanced RedCap (eRedCap) outperform legacy cellular LPWANs and conventional RedCap when
considering coverage, energy efficiency, and throughput.

Conclusion:
This paper successfully covers two types of usage scenarios: the very low data rate
typically seen in LPWAN and the high data rate of up to 300 Mbps, which is not yet compatible
with the existing RedCap system. As a result, the GA-NN model creates se-RedCap and eRedCap,
providing support for these two scenarios, respectively.
Antifungal Resistance in Candida Species: A Bit from the Totality
Authors: AL-Janabi Ali Abdul Hussein S. 
Published: June 2024

:
Resistance to antifungals is one of the natural protection processes developed by
fungi to promote their persistence. Exposure of fungi to these agents over long periods due
to improper prescription or a contaminated environment increases the resistance problem.
Microbiology related to fungal species and clinical settings related to the therapeutic failure
of antifungal drugs are two concepts used to define resistance. The minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) measurement is the common criterion for determining antifungal resistance. Candida spp. is the most common group of fungi that has developed resistance to
different antifungal agents. C. albicans has shown resistance to numerous antifungal agents
from this genus, followed by non-albicans Candida (NAC). The majority of resistance is to
the azole group of antifungal agents through various mechanisms. Resistance to echinocandins is also reported in many species of Candida, while resistance to polyene has been
observed in rare cases. The mechanism of resistance action is generally related to a genetic
mutation, which changes the mechanisms of diffusion, fungal structure, and drug degradation. Biofilm formation also contributes to antifungal resistance. Current information on the
nature and mechanism of antifungal resistance in Candida spp. is briefly presented in this
review.
E-Mobility Revolution: Examining the Types, Evolution, Government Policies and Future Perspective of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Dhankhar Saurabh , Sandhu Vikram , Muradi Tawfiqullah 
Published: June 2024

:
Electrification is a suitable method for establishing a transportation system that is both
clean and energy-efficient, addressing environmental concerns. The transportation industry widely
recognizes electric vehicles as a highly promising green technology that can reduce carbon
emissions and energy consumption. Besides, electric vehicles are defined as vehicles that can be
externally charged and propelled by an electric motor powered by a battery. Moreover, an electric
vehicle consists of two distinct types: firstly, an all-electric vehicle, which relies exclusively
on battery power to move an electric motor, and secondly, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. This
study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of electric vehicles by covering four key
aspects: types of electric vehicles, the history of electric vehicles, government policies related to
electric vehicles, and future prospects of electric vehicles. This paper first discusses the basic
types of electric vehicles. Through a comprehensive analysis of several categories of electric vehicles,
their distinct characteristics, and their advantages, research enables individuals to make
well-informed decisions when contemplating sustainable transportation alternatives. After that, a
brief history of electric vehicles is discussed. Documenting the historical evolution of electric vehicles
provides context for understanding the technological advancements, challenges, and milestones
achieved in the development of electric vehicles over time. After that, Indian government
policies related to electric vehicle promotion are discussed. Consequently, this encompasses various
incentives, subsidies, initiatives for infrastructure development, and other policy measures
with the objective of fostering the use of electric vehicles. Lastly, future prospects of electric vehicles
are discussed.
Temperature Measurement Timings and the Fever Detection Rate After Gastrointestinal Surgery: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Ji Gang , Feng Xiangying , Huang Luguang , Luo Jialin , Yu Pengfei , Zheng Jiyang , Yang Bin , Wang Xiangjie , Zhao Qingchuan 
Published: June 2024

Background
Postoperative fever frequently indicates surgical complications and is commonly used to evaluate the efficacy of interventions against surgical stress. However, the presence of circadian rhythms in body temperature may compromise the accurate detection of fever.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the detection rate of fever under intermittent measurement.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients who underwent nonemergency gastrointestinal surgery between November 2020 and April 2021. Patients’ temperature data were continuously collected every 4 seconds using a wireless axillary thermometer, and fever was defined as a temperature exceeding 38 °C within a day. To simulate intermittent measurement in clinical practice, the body temperature at each hour was selected from the continuously collected temperature dataset. Considering that temperatures are measured multiple times per day, all possible measurement plans using intermittent measurement were composed by combining 1-24 time points from the 24-hour daily cycle. Fever was clinically diagnosed based on the temperature readings at the selected time points per day. The fever detection rates for each plan, with varying measurement times, were listed and ranked.

Results
Based on the temperature data continuously collected by the thermometer, fever occurred in 60 (40.8%) of the 147 included patients within 3 days after surgery. Of the measurement plans that included 1-24 measurements daily, the fever detection rates ranged from 3.3% (2/60) to 85% (51/60). The highest detection rates and corresponding timings for measurement plans with 1, 2, 3, and 4 measurements daily were 38.3% (23/60; at 8 PM), 56.7% (34/60; at 3 AM and 7 or 8 PM), 65% (39/60; at 3 AM, 8 PM, and 10 or 11 PM), and 70% (42/60; at 12 AM, 3 AM, 8 PM, and 11 PM), respectively; and the lowest detection rates were 3.3% (2/60), 6.7% (4/60), 6.7% (4/60), and 8.3% (5/60), respectively. Although fever within 3 days after surgery was not correlated with an increased incidence of postoperative complications (5/60, 8.3% vs 6/87, 6.9%; P=.76), it was correlated with a longer hospital stay (median 7, IQR 6-9 days vs median 6, IQR 5-7 days; P<.001).

Conclusions
The fever detection rate of the intermittent approach is determined by the timing and frequency of measurement. Measuring at randomly selected time points can miss many fever events after gastrointestinal surgery. However, we can improve the fever detection rate by optimizing the timing and frequency of measurement.
Exploring Adaptive Virtual Reality Systems Used in Interventions for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Systematic Review
Authors: Maddalon Luna , Minissi Maria Eleonora , Parsons Thomas , Hervas Amaia , Alcaniz Mariano 
Published: June 2024

Background
Adaptive systems serve to personalize interventions or training based on the user’s needs and performance. The adaptation techniques rely on an underlying engine responsible for processing incoming data and generating tailored responses. Adaptive virtual reality (VR) systems have proven to be efficient in data monitoring and manipulation, as well as in their ability to transfer learning outcomes to the real world. In recent years, there has been significant interest in applying these systems to improve deficits associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This is driven by the heterogeneity of symptoms among the population affected, highlighting the need for early customized interventions that target each individual’s specific symptom configuration.

Objective
Recognizing these technology-driven therapeutic tools as efficient solutions, this systematic review aims to explore the application of adaptive VR systems in interventions for young individuals with ASD.

Methods
An extensive search was conducted across 3 different databases—PubMed Central, Scopus, and Web of Science—to identify relevant studies from approximately the past decade. Each author independently screened the included studies to assess the risk of bias. Studies satisfying the following inclusion criteria were selected: (1) the experimental tasks were delivered via a VR system, (2) system adaptation was automated, (3) the VR system was designed for intervention or training of ASD symptoms, (4) participants’ ages ranged from 6 to 19 years, (5) the sample included at least 1 group with ASD, and (6) the adaptation strategy was thoroughly explained. Relevant information extracted from the studies included the sample size and mean age, the study’s objectives, the skill trained, the implemented device, the adaptive strategy used, the engine techniques, and the signal used to adapt the systems.

Results
Overall, a total of 10 articles were included, involving 129 participants, 76% of whom had ASD. The studies included level switching (7/10, 70%), adaptive feedback strategies (9/10, 90%), and weighing the choice between a machine learning (ML) adaptive engine (3/10, 30%) and a non-ML adaptive engine (8/10, 80%). Adaptation signals ranged from explicit behavioral indicators (6/10, 60%), such as task performance, to implicit biosignals, such as motor movements, eye gaze, speech, and peripheral physiological responses (7/10, 70%).

Conclusions
The findings reveal promising trends in the field, suggesting that automated VR systems leveraging real-time progression level switching and verbal feedback driven by non-ML techniques using explicit or, better yet, implicit signal processing have the potential to enhance interventions for young individuals with ASD. The limitations discussed mainly stem from the fact that no technological or automated tools were used to handle data, potentially introducing bias due to human error.
Analisis Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Penanggulangan Stunting: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Brebes
Authors: Nurva Liza , Maharani Chatila 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRAKKabupaten Brebes merupakan Kabupaten/Kota yang memiliki prevalensi balita stunting tertinggi di Jawa Tengah dengan prevalensi sebesar 26,3% dan termasuk dalam 100 Kabupaten/Kota lokus prioritas intervensi stunting di Indonesia. Pemerintah Kabupaten Brebes mengeluarkan peraturan berupa Peraturan Bupati Brebes No. 50 tahun 2019 tentang Penanggulangan Stunting yang tujuannya untuk mencegah dan menurunkan angka kasus stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan kebijakan penanggulangan stunting di Kabupaten Brebes dengan teori eksplorasi model implementasi kebijakan George Edward III, Marilee S Grindle, dan Mazmanian & Sabatier dalam perspektif segitiga analisis kebijakan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara open coding menggunakan aplikasi QDA Miner Lite. Hasil menunjukan bahwa untuk pelaksanaan kebijakan secara keseluruhan sudah sesuai dengan peraturan yang ada, dari segi pemerintah daerah dan Organisasi Perangkat Daerah (OPD) terkait saling bekerja sama, namun banyak hambatan yang dialami membuat kebijakan ini belum mencapai tujuan dan untuk Perbup tersebut perlu dilakukan revisi agar sesuai dengan Peraturan Presiden yang terbaru yaitu Perpres No.72 tahun 2021.Kata kunci : Penanggulangan; Pelaksanaan Kebijakan; Stunting ABSTRACTBrebes Regency is one of the regencies/cities that have the highest stunting toddler prevalence in Central Java with a prevalence of 26.3% and included in 100 districts/cities the priority locus of stunting interventions in Indonesia. The Brebes Regency Government issued regulations, Brebes Regent Regulation No. 50 of 2019 concerning Stunting Countermeasures whose purpose is to prevent and reduce the number of stunting cases. This study aims to find out how the implementation of stunting countermeasures policies in Brebes Regency with the exploration theory of the policy implementation model of George Edward III, Marilee S Grindle, and Mazmanian & Sabatier in the policy analysis triangle perspective. This type of research is qualitative research with a case study approach. Data analysis was carried out by open coding using the QDA Miner Lite application. The results show that the implementation of policy as a whole is in accordance with existing regulations, from the local government and Regional Apparatus Organization (OPD) related to working together, but many obstacles have been experienced so that have not reached their goals and the Perbup needs to be revised so that it is in accordance with the latest Presidential Regulation that is Perpres No.72 of 2021.Keywords : Countermeasures; Policy Implementation; Stunting
Twice Weekly versus Thrice Weekly Hemodialysis—A Pilot Cross-Over Equivalence Trial
Authors: Lee Seolhyun , Pham Nhat M. , Montez-Rath Maria E. , Bolanos Christian G. , Bonde Saniya S. , Meyer Timothy W. , Sirich Tammy L. 
Published: June 2024

Key Points

The 2015 Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative Guideline Update increased the contribution of residual kidney function, shortening the time required for twice weekly hemodialysis.No study had yet assessed the feasibility of prescribing twice weekly hemodialysis according to the updated guideline.Twice weekly hemodialysis prescribed using the updated guideline maintained quality of life and controlled fluid gain, potassium, and uremic solutes.

Background
The 2015 Update of the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) Guideline for Hemodialysis Adequacy increased the contribution of residual kidney function in calculating standard Kt/Vurea (stdKt/Vurea). However, no study has assessed the effect of prescribing twice weekly hemodialysis according to this guideline on patients' quality of life or uremic solute levels.

Methods
Twenty six hemodialysis patients with average residual urea clearance (Kru) 4.7±1.8 ml/min and hemodialysis vintage of 12±15 months (range 2 months to 4.9 years) underwent a cross-over trial comparing four weeks of twice weekly hemodialysis and four weeks of thrice weekly hemodialysis. Twice weekly hemodialysis was prescribed to achieve stdKt/Vurea 2.2 incorporating Kru using the 2015 KDOQI Guideline. Thrice weekly hemodialysis was prescribed to achieve spKt/Vurea 1.3 regardless of Kru. Quality of life and plasma levels of secreted uremic solutes and β
2 microglobulin were assessed at the end of each period.

Results
Equivalence testing between twice and thrice weekly hemodialysis based on the Kidney Disease Quality of Life instrument (primary analysis) was inconclusive. Symptoms as assessed by the secondary outcomes Dialysis Symptom Index and Post-Dialysis Recovery Time were not worse with twice weekly hemodialysis. StdKt/Vurea was adequate during twice weekly hemodialysis (2.7±0.5), and ultrafiltration rate and plasma potassium were controlled with minimally longer treatment times (twice weekly: 195±20 versus thrice weekly: 191±17 minutes). Plasma levels of the secreted solutes and β
2 microglobulin were not higher with twice weekly than thrice weekly hemodialysis.

Conclusions
Twice weekly hemodialysis can be prescribed using the higher contribution assigned to Kru by the 2015 KDOQI Guideline. With twice weekly hemodialysis, quality of life was unchanged, and the continuous function of the residual kidneys controlled fluid gain and plasma levels of potassium and uremic solutes without substantially longer treatment times.

Clinical Trial registration number:

NCT03874117.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN BAGI HASIL TERHADAP PEMBIAYAAN UMKM OLEH PT.BPRS HIKMAH WAKILAH
Authors: Yahya Faisal , Arifin Khairul , Abdullah Arifin 
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini berfokus pada untuk menganalisis penerapan bagi hasil terhadap pembiyaan UMKM oleh PT BPR Syariah Hikmah Wakilah Banda Aceh yang menggunakan revenue sharing sehingga berbeda dengan Fatwa DSN MUI NO:15/DSN-MUI/IX/2000. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian lapangan di PT BPR Syariah Hikmah Wakilah Banda Aceh dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah PT BPRS Hikmah Wakilah menerapkan mekanisme bagi hasil dalam pembiayaan UMKM dengan revenue sharing menyebabkan fluktuasi sesuai dengan pendapatan usaha nasabah. Pendekatan ini menggambarkan dinamika pembagian hasil yang terkait dengan performa pendapatan usaha nasabah. Meskipun bagi hasil ditentukan berdasarkan proyeksi keuntungan nasabah pada awal perjanjian, ada ketidaksesuaian dengan Fatwa DSN MUI No 15/DSN-MUI/IX/2000. Keberadaan nominal tetap dalam pembayaran angsuran bulanan tidak sejalan dengan prinsip ekonomi syariah yang menekankan bagi hasil berdasarkan pendapatan usaha nasabah dan persentasi yang disepakati dalam perjanjian.
Perceived Barriers to Adherence to Standard Precautions among Healthcare Personnel Working in a Teaching Hospital of Palpa District, Nepal
Authors: Garbuja Chandra Kumari , K.C Samikshya , Rana Mohan Singh 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The present study aimed to find out the perceived barriers to adherence to standard precautions among healthcare personnel working in a teaching hospital of Palpa district. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 191 healthcare personnel in April 2019. Barriers to standard precautions adherence were evaluated using ‘Factors Influencing Adherence to Standard Precautions Scale’. Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis H test were applied to examine the association of selected demographic variables: age, educational background, duration of employment, working areas and having attended trainings related to standard precautions with the perceived barriers to standard precautions adherence. Results: The mean age of participants was 24.87±6.05 years. Most (85.3%) of participants were nurses. 19.9% and 52.4% of participants always performed hand hygiene before and after using personal protective equipment respectively. The subscale scores in leadership and culture of the institute were 14.86±4.21 (possible range 0-24) and 14.59±2.60 (possible range 0-20) respectively. Subscale scores in judgement and contextual cues were 17.49±3.46 (possible range 0-20) and 18.02±5 (possible range 0-24) respectively. Score in justification was 7.52±5.12 (possible range 0-28). Age, educational background and duration of employment had a statistically significant association with subscale scores on justification and perceived culture of the institution. Conclusion: The present study revealed that only 19.9% of the participants would perform hand hygiene before using gloves and 52.4% of participants would do it afterwards. Personal judgement, dependence on contextual cues and inadequate leadership skills were found to be the major barriers to adherence to standard precautions.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension Among Adults in Palpa District, Nepal
Authors: Karki Deelip Kumar , Nepal Samata , Bhandari Keshav Raj 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Hypertension mostly remains asymptomatic when controlled, however, there is always an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and renal failure. The higher the blood pressure, the higher the likelihood of harmful consequences to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, brain, and kidneys. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the adult population. The blood pressure was measured from the left arm, the respondents in sitting posture and arm support at the heart level. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 22% and higher in people above 60 years of age. The prevalence of hypertension was more in people who had elevated waist to hip ratio (65%) and positive family history (40.8%). The prevalence of hypertension was observed high among diabetics (63.2%) and in smokers (33.3%). Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension was seen positively associated with increasing age, smoking, alcohol sedentary lifestyle, diabetes, stress, central obesity and >25 BMI.
Solution of Klein-Gordon Equation in F(R) Theory of Gravity
Authors: Romadani Arista 
Published: June 2024

The theory, as a modification of the general relativity theory, is frequently employed as an alternative theory of gravity and offers a promising avenue for addressing the challenges of formulating a quantum gravity theory. In this study, by applying the separation method of time, radial and angular variables, we derived the general solution of the Klein-Gordon equation in a curved space-time using modified Schwarzschild metric. We modified Ricci scalar form in Einstein’s action principle as a general function of Ricci scalar and formulated the general Schwarzschild metric. The solution of the time function was analytically obtained in exponential form, and the solution of the angular function in terms of Legendre polynomial depends on azimuthal and magnetic quantum numbers. The radial function in terms of a non-linear second-order differential equation was solved by a numerical method using Python. The solutions described the gravitational effect for a light particle on the area gravitationally has a strong interaction, represented by a spherically symmetric metric. For small (in Schwarzschild radius), the results analytically show that the gravitational effect in this region is massive. It follows that even light would be drawn into a black hole and unable to escape. For further research, it is expected to extend the Klein-Gordon equation in relativistic quantum mechanics to modified general relativity theory. This theory offers a different way of looking at the effects of gravity in quantum field theory.