bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo
Disassembly and Reassembly of Protein Aggregates in Escherichia coli
Authors: Govers Sander K. , Dutré Philip , Aertsen Abram 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Protein misfolding and aggregation are inevitable but detrimental cellular processes. Cells therefore possess protein quality control mechanisms based on chaperones and proteases that (re)fold or hydrolyze unfolded, misfolded, and aggregated proteins. Besides these conserved quality control mechanisms, the spatial organization of protein aggregates (PAs) inside the cell has been proposed as an important additional strategy to deal with their cytotoxicity. In the bacterium
Escherichia coli
, however, it remained unclear how this spatial organization is established and how this process of assembling PAs in the cell poles affects cellular physiology. In this report, high hydrostatic pressure was used to transiently reverse protein aggregation in living
E. coli
cells, allowing the subsequent (re)assembly of PAs to be studied in detail. This approach revealed PA assembly to be dependent on intracellular energy and metabolic activity, with the resulting PA structure being confined to the cell pole by nucleoid occlusion. Moreover, a correlation could be observed between the time needed for PA reassembly and the individual lag time of the cells, which might prevent symmetric segregation of cytotoxic PAs among siblings to occur and ensure rapid spatial clearance of molecular damage throughout the emerging population.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of opioid antagonists for smoking cessation
Authors: David Sean P , Chu Isabella M , Lancaster Tim , Stead Lindsay F , Evins A Eden , Prochaska Judith J 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesThis meta-analysis sought to evaluate the efficacy of opioid antagonists in promoting long-term smoking cessation. Post-treatment abstinence was examined as a secondary outcome and effects on withdrawal symptoms, craving and reduced consumption were also explored.DesignThe search strategy for this meta-analysis included clinical trials (published and unpublished data) in the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register and MEDLINE.ParticipantsAdult smokers.InterventionsWe included randomised trials comparing opioid antagonists to placebo or an alternative therapy for smoking cessation and reported data on abstinence for a minimum of 6 months.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOutcomes included smoking abstinence at long-term follow-up (primary); abstinence at end of treatment (secondary); and effects on withdrawal, craving and smoking consumption (exploratory).Results8 trials with a total of 1213 participants were included. Half the trials examined the benefit of adding naltrexone versus placebo to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). There was no significant difference between naltrexone and placebo alone (relative risk (RR) 1.00; 95% CI 0.66 to 1.51) or as an adjunct to NRT (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.70 to 1.30), with an overall pooled estimate of RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.76 to 1.24. Findings for naltrexone effects on withdrawal, craving and reduced smoking were equivocal.ConclusionsThe findings indicate no beneficial effect of naltrexone alone or as an adjunct to NRT on short-term or long-term smoking abstinence. While further trials may narrow the confidence limits, they are unlikely to appreciably alter the conclusion.
Lung protective ventilation in patients undergoing major surgery: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Zhang Zhongheng , Hu Xiaoyun , Zhang Xia , Zhu Xiuqi , Zhu Li , Chen Liqian , Huai Jiaping , Du Bin ,   for the China Critical Care Clinical Trials Group (CCCCTG)
Published: March 2014

IntroductionThere is growing interest in the use of low tidal volume ventilation in patients undergoing general anaesthesia. However, its potential benefit has long been debated and conflicting results have been reported. We describe here the protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis for investigating the beneficial effects of low tidal volume ventilation in patients undergoing general anaesthesia.Methods and analysisData sources include PubMed, Scopus, Embase and EBSCO. Patients undergoing general anaesthesia will be included irrespective of type of surgery. The intervention is low tidal volume ventilation or protective ventilation, and the control is conventional ventilation. The quality of included trials will be assessed by using Delphi consensus. Outcomes include new onset lung injury, atelectasis, arrhythmia, levels of inflammatory biomarkers, arterial oxygenation, partial pressure of carbon dioxide and alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient. Conventional approaches for meta-analysis will be used, and heterogeneity will be investigated by using subgroup analysis and meta-regression if appropriate. The Bayesian method will be used for the synthesis of binary outcome data.Ethics and disseminationThe systematic review was approved by the ethics committee of Jinhua hospital of Zhejiang university and will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be disseminated electronically and in print.Registration detailsThe study protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/) under registration number CRD42013006416.
Comparison of patients diagnosed with gonorrhoea through community screening with those self-presenting to the genitourinary medicine clinic
Authors: Cook Penny A , Evans-Jones John , Mallinson Harry , Wood Martyn , Alloba Fath , Jones Kathy , Strodtbeck Sara , Hanna-Bashara Layla 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesTo compare the clinical, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of individuals diagnosed withNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG) in the community using a concomitant nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT, AptimaCombo2) as part of the (community-based) UKChlamydiaScreening Programme (CSP), with those diagnosed in hospital-based genitourinary medicine (GUM) services.DesignA retrospective case note review of all 643 patients treated for NG at a GUM in north west England (January 2007–April 2009).ParticipantsAll 643 treated for NG (including CSP cases, since all cases were referred to GUM for treatment). Limited data were available for 13 CSP cases who failed to attend GUM.Primary outcome measureWhether the case was detected in the community or GUM services. Predictors were demographics (age, gender, postcode for deprivation analysis), sexual history (eg, number of partners) and clinical factors (eg, culture positivity).Results131 cases were diagnosed by CSP (13 of whom did not attend GUM). A further four cases were contacts of these. The GUM caseload was thus inflated by 23% (from 521 to 643). Community cases were overwhelmingly female (85% vs 27% in GUM, p<0.001) and younger (87% females were <25 years vs 70% GUM females, p=0.001). Logistic regression analysis restricted to the target age of the CSP (<25 years) revealed that CSP cases, compared with GUM cases, were more likely to reside in deprived areas (adjusted OR=5.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 21.8 and 5.3, CI 1.7 to 16.6 for the most and second most deprived group respectively, compared with the averagely deprived group, p=0.037) and be asymptomatic (adjusted OR=1.9, CI 1.1 to 3.4, p=0.02).ConclusionsCommunity screening for NG led to a 79% increase in the number of infections detected in women aged <25 years. Screening is targeted at young people, and tends to disproportionately attract young women, a group under-represented at GUM. Screening also contributed further to case detection in deprived areas.
Dissemination of a simulation-based mastery learning intervention reduces central line-associated bloodstream infections
Authors: Barsuk Jeffrey H , Cohen Elaine R , Potts Steven , Demo Hany , Gupta Shanu , Feinglass Joe , McGaghie William C , Wayne Diane B 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundApproximately 41 000 central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) occur annually in US hospitals. We previously developed a simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) curriculum in central venous catheter (CVC) insertion that significantly reduced CLABSI rates. In this study, we evaluated the effect of dissemination of the SBML curriculum on trainee skills and CLABSI rates at a community hospital.MethodsThe authors performed a cohort study of residents who rotated in the intensive care unit (ICU) at Mercy Hospital and Medical Center from September 2010 to May 2012. Residents underwent an SBML CVC insertion curriculum and were required to meet or exceed a minimum passing score on a simulated internal jugular (IJ) and subclavian (SC) CVC insertion before ICU patient care. Infection control personnel measured CLABSI rates in the ICU before and after the educational intervention.ResultsResidents scored a mean IJ pretest of 35.5% (10.29/29, SD=8.30) compared with a post-test mean of 93.0% (26.96/29, SD=1.50; p<0.001). Their mean SC pretest score was 23.0% (6.68/29; SD=9.58) and increased to 96.1% (27.88/29, SD=1.41) at post-test (p<0.001). Patients experienced 3.82 infections per 1000 catheter-days (20 infections in 5235 catheter-days) in the ICU in the 23 months before the educational intervention. During the 21 months after the intervention, there were 1.29 infections per 1000 catheter-days (six infections in 4670 catheter-days (p=0.019)). The incidence rate ratio derived from the Poisson regression was 0.26 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.74) after controlling for Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score indicating that there was a 74% reduction in the incidence of CLABSI in the medical ICU after the intervention.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates successful dissemination and implementation of a CVC SBML curriculum and shows that rigorous medical education is a powerful quality improvement tool.
ANALYSIS OF PATIENTS' COMMENTS ABOUT HOSPITALS IN THE ENGLISH NHS VIA TWITTER, AND COMPARISON WITH PATIENT SURVEYS
Authors: Greaves Felix , Laverty Anthony , Ramirez-Cano Daniel , Pulman Stephen , Moilanen Karo , Darzi Ara , Millett Christopher 
Published: March 2014

IntroductionTwitter and other social media are increasingly used by patients to discuss their experiences of healthcare. Social media might provide a new way for health services to listen to the voices of patients and improve their services. Little is known about how patients are communicating with hospitals via this route, and whether there is any association with traditional measures of patient experience such as surveys.MethodsWe recorded tweets aimed at all acute hospital trusts with Twitter accounts in England for one year from April 2012. We performed a qualitative content analysis of a random sample of 1000 tweets, to see what information they contained about care quality. Using natural language processing techniques, we calculated the sentiment of all the tweets towards hospital. We compared twitter sentiment to patient experience measured by traditional survey at the hospital level, using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.ResultsWe collected 187,000 tweets over one year. The mean number of tweets per trust was 2499. 9.8% of tweets were related to quality of care care – and most of these related to patients' experience of interactions with staff. We found no correlation between the sentiment of tweets about hospitals and patient experience measure by traditional survey methodology (Rho=0.08, p=0.56).DiscussionAlthough social media are increasingly used by both the public and healthcare professionals to communicate, caution should be taken in using social media data to measure care quality. The information contained within tweets was able to provide valuable individual insights about some patients' experiences of care, however the views expressed appeared less likely to be representative of the experiences of the wider population receiving care.Declaration of competing interestsThis work has been funded by the Commonwealth Fund.
Implementing human factors in clinical practice
Authors: Timmons Stephen , Baxendale Bryn , Buttery Andrew , Miles Giulia , Roe Bridget , Browes Simon 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesTo understand whether aviation-derived human factors training is acceptable and useful to healthcare professionals. To understand whether and how healthcare professionals have been able to implement human factors approaches to patient safety in their own area of clinical practice.MethodsQualitative, longitudinal study using semi-structured interviews and focus groups, of a multiprofessional group of UK NHS staff (from the emergency department and operating theatres) who have received aviation-derived human factors training.ResultsThe human factors training was evaluated positively, and thought to be both acceptable and relevant to practice. However, the staff found it harder to implement what they had learned in their own clinical areas, and this was principally attributed to features of the informal organisational cultures.ConclusionsIn order to successfully apply human factors approaches in hospital, careful consideration needs to be given to the local context and informal culture of clinical practice.
Diagnostic accuracy of frozen-section analysis of cancer-containing bladder transurethral resection specimens for the presence of muscularis propria invasion
Authors: Goyal Rajen , Zhu Bing , Parimi Vamsi , Lin Xiaoqi , Rohan Stephen M 
Published: March 2014

AimsFrozen section (FS) consultation is generally an accurate diagnostic modality. At our institution, we are frequently asked to assess transurethral resection specimens (TURBT) at FS for muscularis propria (MP) invasion by carcinoma. This study documents our experience in evaluating cancer-containing TURBT specimens at FS for MP invasion.Methods32 TURBT sent for FS from 2008–2010 were identified. The FS and permanent section (PS) diagnoses were reviewed. Cases excluded from the calculation of test performance included: (1) cases without cancer on FS or PS slides, (2) FS diagnosis deferred, (3) cases without MP on FS and subsequent PS slides. Sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPEC), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for identifying MP invasion at FS were calculated.ResultsIn 6 cases, no cancer was present in FS or PS slides (18%). The FS diagnosis was deferred on 3 cases (9%). In one case (3%) MP was not present in the FS or the subsequent PS slides. Of the remaining 22 cases, 2 false positive and 6 false negative diagnoses of MP invasion were identified. The test performance for FS assessment of MP invasion in TURB were SEN=33%, SPEC=84%, PPV=60%, and NPV=64%.ConclusionsIdentifying MP invasion on PS can be difficult, and our results suggest that this is more difficult at FS. Though this study is based on small numbers, our results point to the conclusion that examination of TURBT specimens for MP invasion is best done on PS.
Emergency carotid artery stenting in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to occlusion or stenosis of the proximal internal carotid artery: a single-center experience
Authors: Son Seungnam , Choi Dae Seob , Oh Min Kyun , Kim Soo-Kyoung , Kang Heeyoung , Park Ki-Jong , Choi Nack-Cheon , Kwon Oh-Young , Lim Byeong Hoon 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe feasibility, safety and effectiveness of emergency carotid artery stenting (eCAS) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to proximal internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis or occlusion are still controversial. In this study we analyzed our experience with eCAS in patients with AIS.MethodsTwenty-two eCAS procedures for proximal ICA stenosis or occlusion were performed in 22 patients at our institution between January 2011 and November 2013. The mean time from stroke symptom onset to presentation was 204 min (range 50–630 min) and the mean initial score on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 12.55 (range 5–23). Ten patients had total occlusion of the proximal ICA and the remaining 12 patients had near total occlusion or severe stenosis (mean degree 90.7%, range 80–100%). Eleven patients also had tandem occlusion on the more distal intracranial arteries.ResultsSuccessful stent insertion was achieved in all patients and additional thrombectomy using a Solitaire stent or Penumbra aspiration catheter achieved a Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction grade of more than 2a in all patients with distal tandem occlusion. Procedure-related complications occurred in one patient (cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome) who recovered successfully. The mean NIHSS score at discharge was 3.55 (range 0–18). The mean modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months was 1±1.67 (range 0–6).ConclusionseCAS in patients with AIS due to proximal ICA stenosis or occlusion appears to be a technically feasible and effective method for achieving good clinical outcomes.
Physical Activity in Relation to Risk of Hematologic Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Jochem Carmen , Leitzmann Michael F. , Keimling Marlen , Schmid Daniela , Behrens Gundula 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Background: Despite the existence of numerous biologic pathways potentially linking increased physical activity to decreased risk of hematologic cancers, the associations between physical activity and subtype-specific hematologic cancers have not been comprehensively quantified.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of physical activity in relation to subtype-specific hematologic cancers. We summarized the data from 23 eligible studies (15 cohort and eight case–control studies) and estimated summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random-effects models.
Results: When comparing high versus low physical activity levels, the RR for non-Hodgkin lymphoma was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.82–1.00), for Hodgkin lymphoma it was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.58–1.26), for leukemia it was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.84–1.13), and for multiple myeloma it was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.68–1.09). When focusing on subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the RR for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.80–1.14) and for follicular lymphoma it was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.83–1.22). In an exploratory analysis combining all hematologic cancers, high versus low physical activity levels yielded a statistically significant RR of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.88–0.99).
Conclusions: Physical activity showed statistically nonsignificant associations with risks of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and leukemia. These findings may not represent a true lack of associations given the variation in high versus low physical activity definitions, the quality of physical activity assessments, and the variability in hematologic cancer classification schemes in individual studies.
Impact: Physical activity is unrelated to risks of subtype-specific hematologic cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(5); 833–46. ©2014 AACR.
Provider-Verified HPV Vaccine Coverage among a National Sample of Hispanic Adolescent Females
Authors: Reiter Paul L. , Gupta Kunal , Brewer Noel T. , Gilkey Melissa B. , Katz Mira L. , Paskett Electra D. , Smith Jennifer S. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Background: Hispanic females have the highest cervical cancer incidence rate of any racial or ethnic group in the United States, yet relatively little research has examined human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among this fast-growing population. We examined HPV vaccination among a national sample of Hispanic adolescent females.
Methods: We analyzed provider-verified vaccination data from the 2010–2011 National Immunization Survey-Teen for Hispanic females ages 13 to 17 years (n = 2,786). We used weighted logistic regression to identify correlates of HPV vaccine initiation (receipt of one or more doses), completion (receipt of three doses), and follow-through (receipt of three doses among those who initiated the series).
Results: HPV vaccine initiation was 60.9%, completion was 36.0%, and follow-through was 59.1%. Initiation and completion were more common among older daughters and those whose parents had received a provider recommendation to vaccinate (all P &lt; 0.05). Completion was less common among daughters who had moved from their birth state (P &lt; 0.05). All vaccination outcomes were less common among daughters without health insurance (all P &lt; 0.05). Vaccination did not differ by parents' preferred language (all P &gt; 0.05), although intent to vaccinate was higher among Spanish-speaking parents (P &lt; 0.01). Spanish-speaking parents were more likely to indicate lack of provider recommendation (20.2% vs. 5.3%) and cost (10.9% vs. 1.8%) as main reasons for not intending to vaccinate (both P &lt; 0.05).
Conclusions: Many Hispanic females have not received HPV vaccine. Several factors, including provider recommendation and health insurance, are key correlates of vaccination.
Impact: HPV vaccination programs targeting Hispanics are needed and should consider how potential barriers to vaccination may differ by preferred language. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(5); 742–54. ©2014 AACR.
EZH2 Mutations in Follicular Lymphoma from Different Ethnic Groups and Associated Gene Expression Alterations
Authors: Guo Shuangping , Chan John K.C. , Iqbal Javeed , McKeithan Timothy , Fu Kai , Meng Bin , Pan Yi , Cheuk Wah , Luo Donglan , Wang Ruian , Zhang Weiwei , Greiner Timothy C. , Chan Wing C. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Gain-of-function mutations of enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) occur frequently in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and in follicular lymphomas. However, the frequency of EZH2 mutation in Chinese follicular lymphomas and the potential targets affected by this mutation are unknown.
Experimental Design: We determined EZH2 codon 641 mutations in Chinese follicular lymphomas (n = 124) and compared them with Western follicular lymphomas (n = 70) using a sensitive pyrosequencing assay. Gene expression profiling (GEP) was performed to determine differential gene expression between the mutated versus unmutated subgroups, and selected genes were validated using immunohistochemistry.
Results: Our results showed similar frequencies of EZH2 codon 641 mutations in Chinese and Western follicular lymphoma cohorts (16.9% vs. 18.6%, χ2 test, P = 0.773), including all five reported mutation variants. We observed significant association of EZH2 mutation with low morphologic grade follicular lymphomas (grade 1–2, 23.6% vs. grade 3, 7.7%, χ2 test, P = 0.02). EZH2 mutations also showed significant association with BCL2 rearrangement in the Chinese cohort (26.8% vs. 8.8%, χ2 test, P = 0.008) and combined cohorts (26.3% vs. 9.1%, χ2 test, P = 0.002). GEP analysis identified several genes, including TCF4, FOXP1, TCL1A, BIK, and RASSF6P, with significantly lower mRNA expression (P &lt; 0.01) in mutated cases, and the potential target TCL1A showed consistent results at the protein level.
Conclusion: Similar prevalence of EZH2 mutation in two ethnic groups suggests shared pathogenetic mechanisms. The much lower frequency of EZH2 mutation in cases without BCL2 translocation suggests a different pattern of evolution of this subtype of follicular lymphoma. GEP studies showed a set of differentially expressed genes and suggested that EZH2 mutation may help to lock the tumor cells at the germinal center stage of differentiation. Clin Cancer Res; 20(12); 3078–86. ©2014 AACR.