bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FORUM: Robust study design is as important on the social as it is on the ecological side of applied ecological research
Authors: St. John Freya A. V. , Keane Aidan M. , Jones Julia P. G. , Milner‐Gulland E. J. 
Published: September 2014

Summary

The effective management of natural systems often requires resource users to change their behaviour. This has led to many applied ecologists using research tools developed by social scientists. This comes with challenges as ecologists often lack relevant disciplinary training.

Using an example from the current issue of Journal of Applied Ecology that investigated how conservation interventions influenced conservation outcomes, we discuss the challenges of conducting interdisciplinary science. We illustrate our points using examples from research investigating the role of law enforcement and outreach activities in limiting illegal poaching and the application of the theory of planned behaviour to conservation.

Synthesis and applications. Interdisciplinary research requires equal rigour to be applied to ecological and social aspects. Researchers with a natural science background need to access expertise and training in the principles of social science research design and methodology, in order to permit a more balanced interdisciplinary understanding of social–ecological systems.
Characterization of the rumen lipidome and microbiome of steers fed a diet supplemented with flax and echium oil
Authors: Huws Sharon Ann , Kim Eun Jun , Cameron Simon J. S. , Girdwood Susan E. , Davies Lynfa , Tweed John , Vallin Hannah , Scollan Nigel David 
Published: September 2014

SummaryDeveloping novel strategies for improving the fatty acid composition of ruminant products relies upon increasing our understanding of rumen bacterial lipid metabolism. This study investigated whether flax or echium oil supplementation of steer diets could alter the rumen fatty acids and change the microbiome. Six Hereford × Friesian steers were offered grass silage/sugar beet pulp only (GS), or GS supplemented either with flax oil (GSF) or echium oil (GSE) at 3% kg−1 silage dry matter in a 3 × 3 replicated Latin square design with 21‐day periods with rumen samples taken on day 21 for the analyses of the fatty acids and microbiome. Flax oil supplementation of steer diets increased the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, but a substantial degree of rumen biohydrogenation was seen. Likewise, echium oil supplementation of steer diets resulted in increased intake of 18:4n‐3, but this was substantially biohydrogenated within the rumen. Microbiome pyrosequences showed that 50% of the bacterial genera were core to all diets (found at least once under each dietary intervention), with 19.10%, 5.460% and 12.02% being unique to the rumen microbiota of steers fed GS, GSF and GSE respectively. Higher 16S rDNA sequence abundance of the genera Butyrivibrio, Howardella, Oribacterium, Pseudobutyrivibrio and Roseburia was seen post flax feeding. Higher 16S rDNA abundance of the genus Succinovibrio and Roseburia was seen post echium feeding. The role of these bacteria in biohydrogenation now requires further study.
Antidiabetic property of Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. is mediated by inhibition of alpha glucosidase, protein glycation and stimulation of adipogenesis 软毛白花苋(L.)的降糖特性是通过对α葡萄糖甙酶与蛋白质糖基化的抑制以及脂肪生成的刺激达成的
Authors: Riya Mariam Philip , Antu Kalathookunnel Antony , Pal Savita , Chandrakanth Karuvakandy Chandrasekharan , Anilkumar Karunakaran Sasikala , Tamrakar Akhilesh Kumar , Srivastava Arvind Kumar , Raghu Kozhiparambil Gopalan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with a number currently diagnosed as high as 371 million. Plant‐based therapy could be an ideal choice because of fewer side‐effects and wider acceptability. Hence, the antihyperglycemic potential of Aerva lanata, a herb prescribed for diabetes in Ayurveda was evaluated to elucidate its possible mechanism of action.MethodsHigh performance liquid chromatography analysis was used for the characterization of 70% ethanolic (aqueous leaf extract [ALE]) and ethyl acetate (AEA) extracts. Further, they were evaluated for their antioxidant, inhibition of alpha glucosidase, protein glycation dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and stimulation of glucose uptake and glitazone like property (adipogenic potential) using in vitro models. The promising alpha glucosidase inhibitory potential of ALE was further evaluated in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats.ResultsALE inhibited yeast (IC50 – 81.76 μg/mL) and rat intestinal alpha glucosidase (IC50 – 108.7 μg/mL), protein glycation, DPP IV enzyme (IC50 – 118.62 μg/mL) and PTP1B (IC50 – 94.66 μg/mL). ALE stimulated maximal adipogenesis at 50 μg/mL and enhanced insulin mediated glucose uptake (threefold of basal) at 100 μg/mL in L6 myotubes. ALE (500 mg/kg b.w.) showed a significant antihyperglycemic activity in sucrose loaded STZ normal (15.57%) and diabetic (18.44%) rats. HPLC analysis of ALE revealed the presence of bioactives like alpha amyrin, betulin and beta sitosterol.ConclusionsAlpha glucosidase inhibition, antiglycation, and adipogenic potential significantly contribute to the antidiabetic property of Aerva lanata. In addition, insulin sensitization and antioxidant potential also enhance its therapeutic potential.
Cable bacteria associated with long‐distance electron transport in New England salt marsh sediment
Authors: Larsen Steffen , Nielsen Lars Peter , Schramm Andreas 
Published: September 2014

SummaryFilamentous Desulfobulbaceae have been proposed as ‘cable bacteria’, which electrically couple sulfide oxidation and oxygen reduction in marine sediment and thereby create a centimetre‐deep suboxic zone. We incubated New England salt marsh sediment and found long‐distance electron transport across 6 mm and 16S rRNA genes identical to those of previously observed cable bacteria in Aarhus Bay sediment incubations. Cable bacteria density in sediment cores was quantified by fluorescence in situ hybridization. In contrast to the coastal, subtidal sediments with short‐termed blooms of cable bacteria based on rapidly depleted iron sulfide pools, the salt marsh cable community was based on ongoing sulfate reduction and therefore probably more persistent. Previously observed seasonal correlation between Desulfobulbaceae dominance and extensive reduced sulfur oxidation in salt marshes suggest that cable bacteria at times may have an important role in situ.
Modeling lactation curves and estimation of genetic parameters in Holstein cows using multiple‐trait random regression models
Authors: Kheirabadi Khabat , Rashidi Amir , Alijani Sadegh , Imumorin Ikhide 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe compared the goodness of fit of three mathematical functions (including: Legendre polynomials, Lidauer‐Mäntysaari function and Wilmink function) for describing the lactation curve of primiparous Iranian Holstein cows by using multiple‐trait random regression models (MT‐RRM). Lactational submodels provided the largest daily additive genetic (AG) and permanent environmental (PE) variance estimates at the end and at the onset of lactation, respectively, as well as low genetic correlations between peripheral test‐day records. For all models, heritability estimates were highest at the end of lactation (245 to 305 days) and ranged from 0.05 to 0.26, 0.03 to 0.12 and 0.04 to 0.24 for milk, fat and protein yields, respectively. Generally, the genetic correlations between traits depend on how far apart they are or whether they are on the same day in any two traits. On average, genetic correlations between milk and fat were the lowest and those between fat and protein were intermediate, while those between milk and protein were the highest. Results from all criteria (Akaike's and Schwarz's Bayesian information criterion, and −2*logarithm of the likelihood function) suggested that a model with 2 and 5 coefficients of Legendre polynomials for AG and PE effects, respectively, was the most adequate for fitting the data.
Interplay between Serotonin 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT7 Receptors in Depressive Disorders
Authors: Naumenko Vladimir S. , Popova Nina K. , Lacivita Enza , Leopoldo Marcello , Ponimaskin Evgeni G. 
Published: September 2014

SummarySerotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine or 5‐HT) is an important neurotransmitter regulating a wide range of physiological and pathological functions via activation of heterogeneously expressed 5‐HT receptors. Besides the important role of 5‐HT receptors in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders and in their clinical medications, underlying mechanisms are far from being completely understood. This review focuses on possible cross talk between two serotonin receptors, 5‐HT1A and the 5‐HT7. Although these receptors are highly co‐expressed in brain regions implicated in depression, and most agonists developed for the 5‐HT1A or 5‐HT7 receptors have cross‐reactivity, their functional interaction has not been yet established. It has been recently shown that 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT7 receptors form homo‐ and heterodimers both in vitro and in vivo. From the functional point of view, heterodimerization has been shown to play an important role in regulation of receptor‐mediated signaling and internalization, suggesting the implication of heterodimerization in the development and maintenance of depression. Interaction between these receptors is also of clinical interest, because both receptors represent an important pharmacological target for the treatment of depression and anxiety.
Textile industry manufacturing by‐products induce human melanoma cell proliferationviaERK1/2 activation
Authors: Rizzi M. , Cravello B. , Renò F. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesTextiles used to make clothing can represent a source, often ignored, of chemicals potentially noxious to both skin and the whole organism. Among the most frequently produced potentially noxious chemical manufacturing by‐products are formaldehyde (FA), nickel (Ni) and hexavalent chromium (Cr); they are of potential clinical interest as all are known to be carcinogenic to humans and to be potent skin sensitizers. The aim of this study was to investigate,in vitro, effects of these potentially dangerous compounds on two different melanoma cell lines. In particular, attention was focused on A375P, a poorly metastatic and low invasive cell line andSK‐MEL‐28, a highly metastatic cell line.Materials and methodsEffects of these compounds was evaluated on A375P andSK‐MEL‐28 cells.FA(1–5 × 10−5 m), NiSO4(10−6–10−3 m), K2Cr2O7(10−7–10−6 m) effects on cell proliferation were evaluated by cell counting, whileERKpathway involvement was evaluated by Western blot analysis.ResultsLow concentrations of the chemicals, covering a range that corresponds to commonly accepted limits in textile production, induced a significant increase in cell proliferation concomitant with transient activation of phosphorylatedERKexpression.ConclusionsData obtained suggest that increasing attention must be focused on these by‐products' potentially harmful effects in chemical manufacturing of clothes and accessories, that remain for long periods of time, in contact with human skin.
Advanced oxidation protein products and ischaemia‐modified albumin in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Ozben Serkan , Huseyinoglu Nergiz , Hanikoglu Ferhat , Guvenc Tolga Sinan , Yildirim Binnaz Zeynep , Cort Aysegul , Ozdem Sebahat , Ozben Tomris 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have shown that obstructive sleep apnea increases incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The high systemic oxidative stress in obstructive sleep apnea has been considered as a major pathogenic mechanism leading to cardiovascular disease. Oxidative stress‐related lipid and DNA oxidation in obstructive sleep apnea have been reported in the previous studies. In contrast, there is limited and contradictory information regarding protein oxidation in obstructive sleep apnea patients such as ischaemia‐modified albumin and advanced oxidation protein products. Therefore, we aimed to investigate plasma ischaemia‐modified albumin and advanced oxidation protein products and their correlation with total oxidative status and total antioxidative capacity in the obstructive sleep apnea patients.MethodsPlasma ischaemia‐modified albumin, advanced oxidation protein products, total oxidative status and total antioxidative capacity were measured in 25 healthy volunteers and 59 obstructive sleep apnea patients diagnosed with polysomnography.ResultsPlasma total antioxidative capacity was significantly lower (P = 0·012) and total oxidative status was significantly higher (P < 0·001) in the patients compared to the controls demonstrating increased oxidative stress in the patients. Plasma advanced oxidation protein products were significantly higher in the patients than the controls (P = 0·024). Plasma ischaemia‐modified albumin levels were not statistically different between the obstructive sleep apnea patients and controls (P = 0·74).ConclusionsWe conclude that high systemic oxidative stress in obstructive sleep apnea is reflected by increased advanced oxidation protein products without causing an increase in ischaemia‐modified albumin.
Vocal Responsiveness to Interfering Sounds By a Frog From The Southern Temperate Forest, Batrachyla leptopus
Authors: Penna Mario , Toloza Jessica 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInterfering sounds from biotic and abiotic origins are likely to shape the responsiveness of sound communicating animals. Among these sources of interference, interactions among acoustically active species have been studied to quite a limited extent. The vocal responses of 20 male frogs Batrachyla leptopus from the temperate austral forest in Chile were tested with conspecific calls and with the calls of two sympatric species: Batrachyla taeniata and Batrachyla antartandica, broadcast at amplitudes of 73, 79, 85, 91 and 97 dB SPL peak. Also, the vocal activity of the subjects during exposure to a 3‐min continuous broadband noise presented at 67 dB SPL RMS was monitored. The subjects gave higher responses on average to the conspecific relative to the heterospecific calls, but in most comparisons, these differences did not reach levels of significance. In addition, the vocal activity of males of B. leptopus did not increase in the presence of the continuous broadband noise. The lack of clear preferential responses for conspecific signals contrasts with the sharp selectivities that B. taeniata and B. antartandica have shown for their own calls in previous studies. Such different vocal behavior could be related to the extensive geographic overlap of B. leptopus with the two other species in the temperate austral forest, where mixed choruses of this species with each of the two congeneric taxa have been reported to occur occasionally. The lack of vocal activation in the presence of continuous noise also contrasts with the increased vocal output with which the other two taxa respond to this intrusion and is likely to result from a relatively high spontaneous vocal activity in B. leptopus.
Reduced sirolimus systemic exposure and improved bioresorbable polymer properties: new allies for the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Stojkovic Sinisa , Neskovic Aleksandar N. , Mehmedbegovic Zlatko , Kafedzic Srdjan , Ostojic Miodrag , Nedeljkovic Milan , Orlic Dejan , Ilisic Bojan , Ilic Ivan , Aleksic Aleksandar , Cerovic Milivoje , Nikolajevic Ivica , Vlahovic‐Stipac Alja , Stajic Zoran , Putnikovic Biljana , Hamilos Michalis 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis prospective, first‐in‐man, open‐label multicenter study sought to assess the pharmacokinetics of sirolimus after Ultimaster drug‐eluting stent implantation (coated with sirolimus and bioabsorbable co‐polymer) in patients with de novo coronary artery disease (the TCD‐10023 PK study). The primary endpoint was sirolimus concentration in peripheral whole blood at 28 days after stent implantation. In addition, safety, tolerability, therapeutic outcome and vasomotor response after stent implantation were studied. Twenty patients were enrolled in the study. Blood samples for the measurements of sirolimus concentration were collected at eight time points during first 48 h, at 7 days and 28 days after stent implantation. Patients underwent 6‐month angiographic and up to 12 months clinical follow‐up. At 28 days, only two of 20 patients had sirolimus concentrations above lower limit of quantification (20.0 pg/mL). The highest sirolimus blood concentration was 105 pg/mL. The median maximum concentration was 36.8 pg/mL (range 22.9–41.5 pg/mL) for stent 3.0 × 15 mm and 87.2 pg/mL (range 60.0–105.0 pg/mL) for 3 × 28 mm stent. The median systemic exposure, as measured by the area under the time–concentration curve, was 8.3 ng h/mL (range 6.47–28.0 ng h/mL). At 6 months, endothelial function was well preserved, and up to 12 months, there were no signs of sirolimus toxicity nor any other safety concerns. Our results demonstrate that implantation of Ultimaster stent resulted in almost nondetectable sirolimus in blood after 28 days. These findings were translated into exceptional safety profile, without any sign of systemic toxicity.
Neuronal porosome lipidome
Authors: Lewis Kenneth T. , Maddipati Krishna R. , Taatjes Douglas J. , Jena Bhanu P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCup‐shaped lipoprotein structures called porosomes are the universal secretory portals at the cell plasma membrane, where secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse to release intravesicular contents. In neurons, porosomes measure ~15 nm and are comprised of nearly 40 proteins, among them SNAREs, ion channels, the Gαo G‐protein and several structural proteins. Earlier studies report the interaction of specific lipids and their influence on SNAREs, ion channels and G‐protein function. Our own studies demonstrate the requirement of cholesterol for the maintenance of neuronal porosome integrity, and the influence of lipids on SNARE complex assembly. In this study, to further understand the role of lipids on porosome structure‐function, the lipid composition of isolated neuronal porosome was determined using mass spectrometry. Using lipid‐binding assays, the affinity of porosome‐associated syntaxin‐1A to various lipids was determined. Our mass spectrometry results demonstrate the presence of phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIP's) and phosphatidic acid (PA) among other lipids, and the enriched presence of ceramide (Cer), lysophosphatidylinositol phosphates (LPIP) and diacylglycerol (DAG). Lipid binding assays demonstrate the binding of neuronal porosome to cardiolipin, and confirm its association with PIP's and PA. The ability of exogenous PA to alter protein–protein interaction and neurotransmitter release is further demonstrated from the study.
The potential influence of morphology on the evolutionary divergence of an acoustic signal
Authors: Pitchers W. R. , Klingenberg C. P. , Tregenza T. , Hunt J. , Dworkin I. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe evolution of acoustic behaviour and that of the morphological traits mediating its production are often coupled. Lack of variation in the underlying morphology of signalling traits has the potential to constrain signal evolution. This relationship is particularly likely in field crickets, where males produce acoustic advertisement signals to attract females by stridulating with specialized structures on their forewings. In this study, we characterize the size and geometric shape of the forewings of males from six allopatric populations of the black field cricket (Teleogryllus commodus) known to have divergent advertisement calls. We sample from each of these populations using both wild‐caught and common‐garden‐reared cohorts, allowing us to test for multivariate relationships between wing morphology and call structure. We show that the allometry of shape has diverged across populations. However, there was a surprisingly small amount of covariation between wing shape and call structure within populations. Given the importance of male size for sexual selection in crickets, the divergence we observe among populations has the potential to influence the evolution of advertisement calls in this species.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress response and bone loss in experimental periodontitis in mice
Authors: Yamada H. , Nakajima T. , Domon H. , Honda T. , Yamazaki K. 
Published: September 2014

Background and ObjectiveEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is the cell response that activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway in a variety of conditions, such as inflammation and bone metabolism. The UPR may be associated with the pathogenesis of periodontal disease because the disease is inflammatory in nature, and alveolar bone resorption is a characteristic feature of the disease. However, the relationship between ER stress and alveolar bone resorption observed in periodontal disease remains elusive.Material and MethodsC57BL/6 mice were orally administered Porphyromonas gingivalis, a representative periodontopathic bacterium, in the presence or absence of a chemical chaperone, 4‐phenylbutyrate (4‐PBA). The gene expression of UPR‐related molecules and cytokines in gingival tissues were analyzed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and alveolar bone resorption and osteoclast numbers were evaluated histologically. The in vitro effect of 4‐PBA on the differentiation of mouse bone marrow cells induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand in the presence of macrophage colony‐stimulating factor was analyzed.ResultsThe gene expression levels of UPR‐related molecules and proinflammatory cytokines and alveolar bone resorption were significantly increased in P. gingivalis‐administered mice. UPR‐related gene expression and alveolar bone resorption were significantly suppressed by the administration of 4‐PBA. However, no effect of 4‐PBA was observed for proinflammatory cytokine expression in gingival tissues. Osteoclastic differentiation of bone marrow cells was also suppressed by 4‐PBA with a concomitant reduction in the gene expression of cathepsin K and tartrate‐resistant alkaline phosphatase genes.ConclusionER stress induced by oral administration of P. gingivalis is involved in alveolar bone resorption independent of inflammatory cytokines in mice.