bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prediction of malignant risk in the category “atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance” of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology using subcategorization and BRAF mutation results
Authors: Hyeon Jiyeon , Ahn Soomin , Shin Jung Hee , Oh Young Lyun 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUNDThe “atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance” (AUS/FLUS) category in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology is a heterogeneous category of cases that are not clearly benign or malignant.METHODSWe conducted an analysis of cytologic and histologic evaluations of thyroid nodules that had been interpreted as AUS/FLUS on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) at a single institution from April 2011 to April 2012. Those cases were classified into 2 subgroups according to the predominance of nuclear atypia (AUS) or microfollicular architecture (FLUS). In addition, for a number of these cases, BRAF gene mutation analyses were performed.RESULTSOf 6402 thyroid FNAs performed, 431 cases were diagnosed as AUS and 120 as FLUS. Follow‐up cytologic or histologic outcome data were available for 315 AUS cases and 73 FLUS cases. Among AUS cases, 52.7% were malignant on repeat FNA or histologic diagnosis. In contrast, for FLUS, 6.8% were malignant on repeat FNA or histologic diagnosis. Among AUS/FLUS cases, 147 had adequate BRAF mutation analysis, which accompanied the histologic diagnosis. BRAF mutations were found in 87 AUS cases, 86 of which were papillary carcinoma. In contrast, there was only 1 case of BRAF mutation in FLUS. Correlating molecular results with histologic outcome revealed a 98.9% cancer probability for AUS cases with BRAF mutation.CONCLUSIONSThe AUS subcategory indicates a higher risk of malignancy than the FLUS subcategory. Furthermore, BRAF molecular testing is helpful in stratifying the malignant risk of AUS cases into high‐risk and low‐risk groups. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:368–376. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
1,2,4‐Oxadiazole‐Based Bent‐Core Liquid Crystals with Cybotactic Nematic Phases
Authors: Shanker Govindaswamy , Prehm Marko , Nagaraj Mamatha , Vij Jagdish K. , Weyland Marvin , Eremin Alexey , Tschierske Carsten 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSeveral series of bent‐core mesogens derived from 3,5‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole with or without lateral groups and with different length terminal chains at both ends, and polycatenar molecules with three to six alkoxy chains are synthesized and their mesomorphic behaviour is investigated by polarizing microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), dielectric, electro‐optical and second‐harmonic generation (SHG) experiments. Most compounds exhibit broad regions of skewed cybotactic nematic (NcybC) and tilted smectic (SmC) phases with a strong tilt of the aromatic cores (up to 63°), but non‐tilted SmA and NcybA phases are also observed for a compound that has only one terminal chain. The XRD patterns of the nematic phases of most of the compounds investigated indicate a 2D periodicity with short correlation length in the magnetically aligned samples. This is of importance for the general interpretation of the small‐angle XRD splitting patterns typically observed for aligned samples of bent‐core nematic phases. In most nematic phases one current peak is observed in the half period of an applied electric field, though no coherent signal is found in the SHG experiments. Based on additional electro‐optical and dielectric results, the nematic phases are considered to be cybotactic nematic phases with local polar order, and show a dielectric reorientation of the polar domains. Only chiral nematic phases (NcybC*), but not blue phases, are obtained for compounds with one or two chiral (3S)‐3,7‐dimethyloctyloxy tail(s).
Sterically Hindered Phthalocyanines for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Influence of the Distance between the Aromatic Core and the Anchoring Group
Authors: Ragoussi Maria‐Eleni , Yum Jun‐Ho , Chandiran Aravind Kumar , Ince Mine , de la Torre Gema , Grätzel Michael , Nazeeruddin Mohammad K. , Torres Tomás 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA new phthalocyanine (Pc) bearing bulky peripheral substituents and a carboxylic anchoring group directly attached to the macrocycle has been prepared and used as a sensitizer in DSSCs, reaching 5.57 % power conversion efficiency. In addition, an enhanced performance for the TT40 dye, previously reported by us, was achieved in optimized devices, obtaining a new record efficiency with Pc‐sensitized cells.
CO2 Capture and Conversion with a Multifunctional Polyethyleneimine‐Tethered Iminophosphine Iridium Catalyst/Adsorbent
Authors: McNamara Nicholas D. , Hicks Jason C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTunable, multifunctional materials able to capture CO2 and subsequently catalyze its conversion to formic acid were synthesized by the modification of branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) with an iminophosphine ligand coordinated to an Ir precatalyst. The molecular weight of the PEI backbone was an important component for material stability and catalytic activity, which were inversely related. The amine functionalities on PEI served three roles: 1) primary amines were used to tether the ligand and precatalyst, 2) amines were used to capture CO2, and 3) amines served as a base for formate stabilization during catalysis. Ligand studies on imine and phosphine based ligands showed that a bidentate iminophosphine ligand resulted in the highest catalytic activity. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that an increase in Ir 4f binding energy led to an increase in catalytic activity, which suggests that the electronics of the metal center play a significant role in catalysis. Catalyst loading studies revealed that there is a critical balance between free amines and ligand–metal sites that must be reached to optimize catalytic activity. Thus, it was found that the CO2 capture and conversion abilities of these materials could be optimized for reaction conditions by tuning the structure of the PEI‐tethered materials.
The myosin ID pathway and left–right asymmetry in Drosophila
Authors: Géminard Charles , González‐Morales Nicanor , Coutelis Jean‐Baptiste , Noselli Stéphane 
Published: March 2014

SummaryDrosophila is a classical model to study body patterning, however left‐right (L/R) asymmetry had remained unexplored, until recently. The discovery of the conserved myosin ID gene as a major determinant of L/R asymmetry has revealed a novel L/R pathway involving the actin cytoskeleton and the adherens junction. In this process, the HOX gene Abdominal‐B plays a major role through the control of myosin ID expression and therefore symmetry breaking. In this review, we present organs and markers showing L/R asymmetry in Drosophila and discuss our current understanding of the underlying molecular genetic mechanisms. Drosophila represents a valuable model system revealing novel strategies to establish L/R asymmetry in invertebrates and providing an evolutionary perspective to the problem of laterality in bilateria. genesis 52:471–480, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inducible transient expression of Smpd3 prevents early lethality in fro/fro mice
Authors: Alebrahim Sharifa , Khavandgar Zohreh , Marulanda Juliana , Murshed Monzur 
Published: March 2014

SummarySphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3) is a pleiotropic lipid metabolizing enzyme involved in multiple physiological processes. A deletion mutation in the murine Smpd3 gene called fragilitas ossium (fro) leads to severe skeletal abnormalities in the developing fro/fro embryos. Although fro/fro mice can be useful to study many different aspects of SMPD3 functions, their perinatal lethality makes it difficult to generate a sufficient number of mice for controlled studies. In fact, on the C57BL/6 genetic background, none of the fro/fro mice survive beyond the perinatal stage. In this study, we used the “Tet‐On” inducible gene expression system to express Smpd3 transiently in fro/fro;ROSA‐rtTA;TRE‐Smpd3 embryos on the C57BL/6 background. This induced Smpd3 expression corrected all the skeletal abnormalities in these embryos and prevented their early death. However, induction of Smpd3 expression in the adolescent fro/fro;ROSA‐rtTA;TRE‐Smpd3 mice was not sufficient to correct the defects in trabecular bone mineralization and the impaired growth of the long bones. This novel mouse model will be a useful tool to study SMPD3 biology in vivo. genesis 52:408–416, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Zic2 gene directs the formation and function of node cilia to control cardiac situs
Authors: Barratt Kristen S. , Glanville‐Jones Hannah C. , Arkell Ruth M. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe first molecular herald of organ asymmetry during murine embryogenesis is found at the periphery of the node in early‐somite stage embryos. Asymmetric gene expression and calcium accumulation at the node occurs in response to a left‐ward flow of extracellular fluid across the node, generated by motile cilia within the pit of the node and likely sensed by immotile cilia in the periphery of the node. The ciliation of node cells is controlled by a cascade of node‐restricted transcription factor activity during mid‐late gastrulation. Mutation of the murine Zic2 transcription factor is associated with random cardiac situs and a loss of asymmetric gene expression at the early‐somite node and in the lateral plate. Zic2 is not expressed in these regions but is transiently expressed in the mid‐late gastrula node at the time of ciliogenesis. The cilia of the node are overtly abnormal in Zic2 mutant embryos being dysmorphic and short relative to wild‐type littermates. The expression of the Noto, Rfx3, and Foxj1 transcription factors known to regulate ciliogenesis is greatly depleted in the mid‐gastrula node of mutants, as is the expression of the Pkd1l1 gene required for cilia function. Zic2 appears to be a component of the gene regulatory network that drives ciliation of node cells during gastrulation. genesis 52:626–635, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fostering self‐endorsed motivation to change in patients with an eating disorder: The role of perceived autonomy support and psychological need satisfaction
Authors: van der Kaap‐Deeder Jolene , Vansteenkiste Maarten , Soenens Bart , Verstuyf Joke , Boone Liesbet , Smets Jos 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlthough several studies have established the beneficial effects of self‐endorsed forms of motivation for lasting therapeutic change, the way patients with an eating disorder can be encouraged to volitionally pursue change has received less attention. On the basis of Self‐Determination Theory, this longitudinal study addressed the role of an autonomy‐supportive environment and psychological need satisfaction in fostering self‐endorsed motivation for change and subsequent weight gain.MethodFemale inpatients (n = 84) with mainly anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa filled out questionnaires at the onset of, during, and at the end of treatment regarding their perceived autonomy support from parents, staff members, and fellow patients, their psychological need satisfaction, and their reasons for undertaking change. Furthermore, the body mass index (BMI) of the patients at the onset and end of treatment was assessed by the staff. Path analyses were used to investigate the relations between these constructs.ResultsAt the start of treatment, perceived parental autonomy support related positively to self‐endorsed motivation through psychological need satisfaction. Perceived staff and fellow patients autonomy support related to changes in self‐endorsed motivation over the course of treatment through fostering change in psychological need satisfaction. Finally, relative increases in self‐endorsed motivation related to relative increases in BMI throughout treatment in a subgroup of patients with anorexia nervosa.DiscussionThese results point to the importance of an autonomy‐supportive context for facilitating self‐endorsed motivation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:585–600)
Long‐term prognostic impact of therapeutic strategies in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: changing mortality over the last 30 years
Authors: Merlo Marco , Pivetta Alberto , Pinamonti Bruno , Stolfo Davide , Zecchin Massimo , Barbati Giulia , Di Lenarda Andrea , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: March 2014

AimsACE‐inhibitors, β‐blockers, implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improved prognosis of heart failure. We sought to analyse the long‐term prognostic impact of evidence‐based integrated therapeutic strategies in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM).Methods and resultsFrom 1978 to 2007, 853 IDCM patients (45 ± 15 years, 72% males) were enrolled and classified as follows: Group 1, 110 patients (12.8%) enrolled during 1978–1987; Group 2, 376 patients (44.1%) enrolled during 1988–1997; Group 3, 367 patients (43.1%) enrolled during 1998–2007. ACE‐inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers were administered in 34%, 93%, and 93% (P <0.001), and β‐blockers in 11%, 82%, and 86% (P <0.001) in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively; ICDs were implanted in 2%, 14%, and 13% (P = 0.005); mean time to device implantation was lower in Group 3. At 8 years, heart transplant (HTx)‐free survival rates were 55%, 71%, and 87% in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P <0.001). Similar progressive improvement was found for pump‐failure death (DHF)/HTx, while survival free from sudden death (SD) was significantly improved only in Group 3. Multivariable models considering competing risk indicated early diagnosis (i.e. a baseline less advanced disease stage) and tailored medical therapy (HR 0.44, CI 95% 0.19–0.98) as independent protectors against DHF/HTx. Concerning SD, lower left ventricular ejection fraction emerged as a predictor, while ICD was the only therapy with a protective role (HR 0.08, CI 95% 0.01–0.61). Treatment with digitalis emerged as a predictor of both DHF/HTx and SD.ConclusionsAn effective management and evidence‐based integrated therapeutic approach progressively and significantly improved the long‐term prognosis of IDCM during the last three decades.
Improvement of cardiac function with device‐based diaphragmatic stimulation in chronic heart failure patients: the randomized, open‐label, crossover Epiphrenic II Pilot Trial
Authors: Beeler Remo , Schoenenberger Andreas W. , Bauer Peter , Kobza Richard , Bergner Michael , Mueller Xavier , Schlaepfer Reinhard , Zuber Michel , Erne Susanne , Erne Paul 
Published: March 2014

AimsDevice‐based pacing‐induced diaphragmatic stimulation (PIDS) may have therapeutic potential for chronic heart failure (HF) patients. We studied the effects of PIDS on cardiac function and functional outcomes.Methods and resultsIn 24 chronic HF patients with CRT, an additional electrode was attached to the left diaphragm. Randomized into two groups, patients received the following PIDS modes for 3 weeks in a different sequence: (i) PIDS off (control group); (ii) PIDS 0 ms mode (PIDS simultaneously with ventricular CRT pulse); or (iii) PIDS optimized mode (PIDS with optimized delay to ventricular CRT pulse). For PIDS optimization, acoustic cardiography was used. Effects of each PIDS mode on dyspnoea, power during exercise testing, and LVEF were assessed. Dyspnoea improved with the PIDS 0 ms mode (P = 0.057) and the PIDS optimized mode (P = 0.034) as compared with the control group. Maximal power increased from median 100.5 W in the control group to 104.0 W in the PIDS 0 ms mode (P = 0.092) and 109.5 W in the PIDS optimized mode (P = 0.022). Median LVEF was 33.5% in the control group, 33.0% in the PIDS 0 ms mode, and 37.0% in the PIDS optimized mode (P = 0.763 and P = 0.009 as compared with the control group, respectively). PIDS was asymptomatic in all patients.ConclusionPIDS improves dyspnoea, working capacity, and LVEF in chronic HF patients over a 3 week period in addition to CRT. This pilot study demonstrates proof of principle of an innovative technology which should be confirmed in a larger sample.Trial registrationNCT00769678.
EURObservational Research Programme: a worldwide registry on peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) in conjunction with the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on PPCM
Authors: Sliwa Karen , Hilfiker‐Kleiner Denise , Mebazaa Alexandre , Petrie Mark C. , Maggioni Aldo P. , Regitz‐Zagrosek Vera , Schaufelberger Maria , Tavazzi Luigi , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Roos‐Hesslink Jolien W. , Shah Ajay J. , Seferovic Petar M. , Elkayam Uri , van Spaendonck‐Zwarts Karin , Bachelier‐Walenta Katrin , Mouquet Frederic , Kraigher‐Krainer Elisabeth , Hall Roger , Ponikowski Piotr , McMurray John J. V. , Pieske Burkert 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe EURObservational Research Programme is a rolling programme of cardiovascular registries and surveys of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). These registries will provide information on the nature of cardiovascular disease and its management. This manuscript provides an update on new literature on peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), published since the 2010 Position Statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on PPCM, and describes a new registry on this under‐recognized condition. Peripartum cardiomyopathy is an idiopathic cardiomyopathy presenting with heart failure secondary to left ventricular systolic dysfunction towards the end of the pregnancy, or in the months following delivery, where no other cause for heart failure is found.AimsThe PPCM Registry aims to describe disease presentation, comorbidities, diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with PPCM, as well as information on their offspring. Centres not only from ESC and ESC‐affiliated countries, but from around the world, are encouraged to participate.MethodsA prospective registry on patients presenting with PPCM. At the time of writing, approximately 100 patients have been enrolled from 20 countries. All data entry is online via secure passwords and is supported by well‐trained information technology personnel.ConclusionThe EURObservational Research Programme will allow a comparison of women from around the world, from different ethnic backgrounds, presenting with PPCM and will report on their 6 month and 12 month outcomes. The study aims to include 1000 patients and follow them for 1 year. New centres volunteering to participate in the study will be welcomed.
Application of Three‐Vapor Recompression Heat‐Pump Concepts to a Dimethylformamide–Water Distillation Column for Energy Savings
Authors: Gao Xiaoxin , Ma Zhengfei , Ma Jiangquan , Yang Limin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF)/water mixture was selected to analyze several distillation‐assisted mechanical vapor‐recompression (MVR) heat‐pump processes compared to conventional distillation. Four distillation processes (i.e., conventional, a single MVR, MVR‐conventional, and two‐stage MVR‐double‐column heat pumps) were simulated by using the Aspen software platform to determine the energy savings and best alternative. The research results showed that a single MVR heat‐pump distillation can save 21.4 % of the energy consumption as compared to conventional distillation; the MVR‐conventional heat‐pump distillation and the two‐stage MVR‐double‐column heat‐pump distillation can save 71.1 % and 74.6 % of the energy load, respectively.
Large‐Scale Separators Based on Blends of Aromatic Polyethers with PEO for Li‐Ion Batteries: Improving Thermal Shrinkage and Wettability Behavior
Authors: Deimede Valadoula , Voege Andrea , Lainioti Georgia , Elmasides Costas , Kallitsis Joannis K. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe development of large‐scale separators with tuned microporous structures and surface areas up to 0.56 m2 are demonstrated for application to Li‐ion batteries. The different separators developed are based on blends composed of aromatic polyethers containing different functional groups that can interact with lithium cations and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The porous structures that are prepared after the partial removal of PEO by water treatment can be fine‐tuned by manipulating the blend composition and aromatic polyether structure. In particular, the miscibility effect on pore formation is thoroughly studied. The prepared separators are highly porous (38–63 %), show good air permeability (comparable Gurley values to commercially available polyolefin separators), and increased wettability to conventional liquid electrolytes. In addition, these separators show improved thermal shrinkage behavior and high thermal stability compared to the commercially available polyolefin separators. LiFePO4/C cells using the novel separators show good performance and retain 93 % of their initial discharge capacity after 166 cycles, thus offering excellent stability for long‐term operation. The aromatic‐polyether‐based chemistry of the prepared separators plays a key role in providing the separator with the aforementioned advantageous characteristics, enabling them to be an interesting alternative to conventional polyolefin‐based separators.
A two‐step direct method for estimating the seismic response of nonlinear structures equipped with nonlinear viscous dampers
Authors: Landi Luca , Fabbri Omar , Diotallevi Pier Paolo 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThe insertion of fluid viscous dampers in building structures is an innovative technology that can improve significantly the seismic response. These devices could be very useful also in the retrofit of existing buildings. The effect of this typology of damping system is usually identified with an equivalent supplemental damping ratio, which depends on the maximum displacement of the structure, so that iterative procedures are required. In this paper, a simplified direct assessment method for nonlinear structures equipped with nonlinear fluid viscous dampers is proposed. The method proposed in this study is composed by two steps. The first one yields the direct estimate of the supplemental damping ratio provided by nonlinear viscous dampers in presence of a linear elastic structural response. The second step extends the procedure to structures with nonlinear behavior. Both graphical and analytical approaches have been developed. The proposed method has then been verified through several applications and comparisons with nonlinear dynamic analyses. Moreover, an investigation has been performed with regard to the influence of the relations that define the damping reduction factor and the hysteretic damping. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the shear strength of overconsolidated clays with a Hvorslev surface
Authors: Schädlich Bert , Schweiger Helmut F. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe modelling of highly overconsolidated clays with a so‐called Hvorslev yield surface is discussed in this paper. After a brief review of the mechanical behaviour of clays, the mathematical relationships of the Hvorslev surface based on critical state soil mechanics are presented. The Hvorslev surface is implemented in a multilaminate constitutive model; hence, an introduction to this type of model is provided. The model is validated by comparing model predictions with the experimental undrained stress paths, peak shear strengths and excess pore pressures of two overconsolidated clays.Zur Modellierung der Scherfestigkeit von überkonsolidierten Tonböden mit einer Hvorslev‐Fließfläche Dieser Beitrag behandelt die Modellierung des Verhaltens von stark überkonsolidierten Tonböden mit einer sogenannten Hvorslev‐Fließfläche. Nach einem kurzen Überblick über das mechanische Verhalten dieser Böden werden die mathematischen Zusammenhänge zur Beschreibung der Hvorslev‐Fließfläche auf der Basis von Critical State Soil Mechanics erläutert. Die Hvorslev‐Fließfläche wurde in einem multilaminaten Stoffmodell implementiert, weshalb die Grundzüge dieses Modelltyps vorgestellt werden. Das Modell wird validiert durch den Vergleich mit experimentell ermittelten undrainierten Spannungspfaden, maximalen Scherfestigkeiten und Porenwasserdruckentwicklungen von zwei überkonsoliderten Tonböden.