bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localized modes in dissipative lattice media: an overview
Authors: He Yingji , Malomed Boris A. , Mihalache Dumitru 
Published: September 2014

We give an overview of recent theoretical studies of the dynamics of one- and two-dimensional spatial dissipative solitons in models based on the complex Ginzburg–Landau equations with the cubic–quintic combination of loss and gain terms, which include imaginary, real or complex spatially periodic potentials. The imaginary potential represents periodic modulation of the local loss and gain. It is shown that the effective gradient force, induced by the inhomogeneous loss distribution, gives rise to three generic propagation scenarios for one-dimensional dissipative solitons: transverse drift, persistent swing motion, and damped oscillations. When the lattice-average loss/gain value is zero, and the real potential has spatial parity opposite to that of the imaginary component, the respective complex potential is a realization of the parity-time symmetry. Under the action of lattice potentials of the latter type, one-dimensional solitons feature motion regimes in the form of the transverse drift and persistent swing. In the two-dimensional geometry, three types of axisymmetric radial lattices are considered, namely those based solely on the refractive-index modulation, or solely on the linear-loss modulation, or on a combination of both. The rotary motion of solitons in such axisymmetric potentials can be effectively controlled by varying the strength of the initial tangential kick.
An Approximate Bayesian Computation Approach to Examining the Phylogenetic Relationships among the Four Gibbon Genera using Whole Genome Sequence Data
Authors: Veeramah Krishna R. , Woerner August E. , Johnstone Laurel , Gut Ivo , Gut Marta , Marques-Bonet Tomas , Carbone Lucia , Wall Jeff D. , Hammer Michael F. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractGibbons are believed to have diverged from the larger great apes ∼16.8 Mya and today reside in the rainforests of Southeast Asia. Based on their diploid chromosome number, the familyHylobatidaeis divided into four genera,Nomascus,Symphalangus,HoolockandHylobates. Genetic studies attempting to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among gibbons using karyotypes, mtDNA, the Y chromosome, and short autosomal sequences have been inconclusive. To examine the relationships among gibbon genera in more depth, we performed 2nd generation whole genome sequencing to a mean of ∼15X coverage in two individuals from each genus. We developed a coalescent-based Approximate Bayesian Computation method incorporating a model of sequencing error generated by high coverage exome validation to infer the branching order, divergence times, and effective population sizes of gibbon taxa. AlthoughHoolockandSymphalangusare likely sister taxa, we could not confidently resolve a single bifurcating tree despite the large amount of data analyzed. Our combined results support the hypothesis that all four gibbon genera diverged at approximately the same time. Assuming an autosomal mutation rate of 1×10−9/site/year this speciation process occurred ∼5 Mya during a period in the Early Pliocene characterized by climatic shifts and fragmentation of the Sunda shelf forests. Whole genome sequencing of additional individuals will be vital for inferring the extent of gene flow among species after the separation of the gibbon genera.
Viscous deformation of relaxing ventricle and pulsatile blood propelling (numerical model)
Authors: Kamnev Yuri 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe numerical model of one-loop circulation exploits viscous deformation as mechanism of ventricular filling. Mathematical advantage of viscous deforming is a possibility to present the ventricular filling as the function of two independent variables (stress and time); two-dimensional argument frames a table which permits to calculate end-diastolic ventricular volume due to information about measured venous pressure and duration of ventricular diastole. The equation was deduced which balances the system while varying of such parameters as arterial resistance, the value of normal rhythm and the volume flow rate. The model pays attention on the phenomenon of asymmetrical position of normal rhythm (the steady rhythm in conditions of rest) and explains why the operating range of brady-rhythms is much narrower than the operating range of tachy-rhythms.
Effects of role models and gender on students’ entrepreneurial intentions
Authors: Karimi Saeid , J.A. Biemans Harm , Lans Thomas , Chizari Mohammad , Mulder Martin 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to, drawing on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), explore the effects of entrepreneurial role models on entrepreneurial intention (EI) and its antecedents and examines the question of whether the effects vary by gender.Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected from a sample of 331 students at seven universities in Iran. Structural equation modelling and bootstrap procedure were used to analyse the data.Findings– Consistent with the TPB, our results show entrepreneurial role models to indirectly influence EIs via the antecedents of intention. No gender differences in the relationship between perceived behaviour control and EIs were found, but gender did moderate the other relationships within the TPB. Attitude towards entrepreneurship was a weaker predictor and subjective norms a stronger predictor of EIs for female students than for their male counterparts. Furthermore, perceived behaviour control and attitudes towards entrepreneurship were more strongly influenced by role models for females as opposed to male students.Research limitations/implications– Future studies should go beyond examining the mere fact of knowing entrepreneurial role models to examine the mechanisms underlying the relationship between role models and EIs.Practical implications– The results of this study have clear implications for both educators and policymakers.Originality/value– The study contributes to the entrepreneurship literature by incorporating entrepreneurial role models and gender into the TPB and investigating their mediating and moderating effects within the model.
Transfer of learning
Authors: Renta-Davids Ana-Inés , Jiménez-González José-Miguel , Fandos-Garrido Manel , González-Soto Ángel-Pío 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to analyse transfer of learning to workplace regarding to job-related training courses. Training courses analysed in this study are offered under the professional training for employment framework in Spain.

Design/methodology/approach
– During the training courses, trainees completed a self-reported survey of reasons for participation (time 1 data collection, N = 447). Two months after training, a second survey was sent to the trainees by email (time 2 data collection, N = 158). Factor analysis, correlations and multiple hierarchical regressions were performed.

Findings
– The results of this study demonstrate the importance of training relevance and training effectiveness in transfer of training. Results indicated that relevance, the extent training courses were related to participant’s workplace activities and professional development, positively influences transfer of training. Effectiveness, training features which facilitated participants to acquire knowledge and skills, also has a significantly positive influence in transfer of training. Motivation to participate and learning-conducive workplace features also have a positive influence in transfer of training.

Originality/value
– This study contributes to the understanding of transfer of learning in work-related training programmes by analysing the factors that influence transfer of learning back to the workplace. The study has practical implication for training designers and education providers to enhance work-related training in the context of the Professional Training for Employment Subsystem in Spain.
Mobility and structural change through traumatic organizational events
Authors: Drew Sellers R. , J. Fogerty Timothy , M. Parker Larry 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to, using evidence from a former office of the public accounting firm Arthur Andersen, to study the importance of the relational content and structure of individuals’ social connections as they transitioned to subsequent employment. The paper also examines the maintenance of their social networks through time. Implications for careers in the accounting field are offered. Practicing accountants’ connections with other individuals have often been recognized as an important resource that influences career success. However, these social networks have escaped systematic academic study in accounting.Design/methodology/approach– Social network analysis, built on survey data.Findings– The results show that who one was connected to in a previous employment was more important than one’s overall network position when deciding whether to stay or exit public accounting. However those who exited public accounting did not demonstrate a handicap in maintaining network structures after the disbanding of the firm.Research limitations/implications– This study is limited to firm members, and to a single office of a firm. Social network analysis was used as a research tool for the sociology of public accounting.Practical implications– Implications are for careers in public accounting, and the management of human resources in public accounting is offered.Social implications– The paper has implications for the successfulness of professional service provision in a general sense.Originality/value– Almost a decade of social connection is studied with a method that has not appeared in the discipline but is well regarded in management studies.
Beyond Budgeting and change: a case study
Authors: Sandalgaard Niels , Nikolaj Bukh Per 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to investigate reasons for going Beyond Budgeting and the practical issues organizations face when they change their management accounting system based on inspiration from the Beyond Budgeting model.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors apply a case study approach. The primary data source is interviews. The case company is a global company in the agri-food industry that is organized as a cooperative.

Findings
– The authors propose that many organizations that change their management accounting system on the basis of inspiration from Beyond Budgeting will maintain fixed budget targets. Furthermore, the authors propose that even when the use of budgets at the corporate level focuses on few line items, the diagnostic use of budgeting at lower levels in the organization may focus on a larger number of line items.

Research limitations/implications
– The study is subject to the usual limitations of case-based research. The propositions made in the paper should be further investigated in other organizations attempting to change their management accounting system with inspiration from Beyond Budgeting.

Practical implications
– This study shows that the lack of internal benchmarks and the need to deliver the expected results to the company’s owners might hinder the implementation of the Beyond Budgeting model as described in the practitioner-based Beyond Budgeting literature.

Originality/value
– The paper is one of the few case studies in the academic literature to analyze the practical issues organizations face when changing their way of budgeting on the basis of inspiration from Beyond Budgeting.
Financial disclosure and performance of microfinance institutions
Authors: Quayes Shakil , Hasan Tanweer 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between financial disclosure and the financial performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs).Design/methodology/approach– The paper utilizes ordinary least squares method to analyze the impact of disclosure on financial performance, an ordered probit model to investigate the possible effect of financial performance on disclosure and utilizes a three-stage least squares method to delineate the endogenous relationship between disclosure and financial performance of MFIs.Findings– The paper finds that better disclosure has a statistically significant positive impact on operational performance of MFIs; second, it also shows that improved financial performance results in better financial disclosure. Keeping the endogenous nature of the relationship between disclosure and performance, the paper uses a three-stage least squares method to show that disclosure and financial performance positively affect each other simultaneously.Research limitations/implications– The paper attempts to delineate a positive association between better disclosure on financial performance of MFIs, which can be used for developing a better disclosure policy by management, formulating more effective guidelines for disclosure by the stakeholders and mandating more appropriate laws and uniform disclosure practice by regulators.Originality/value– This is the first study that uses a large number of MFIs from 75 countries; second, it uses a uniform scale of designating a disclosure rating (assigned by MIX Market) to show the relationship between disclosure and performance. Finally, it uses three-stage least squares method to address the possible endogeneity between disclosure and performance.
Interactive effects of a non‐native invasive grassMicrostegium vimineumand herbivore exclusion on experimental tree regeneration under differing forest management
Authors: Johnson Daniel J. , Flory S. Luke , Shelton Angela , Huebner Cynthia , Clay Keith 
Published: September 2014

SummaryInvasive plants, herbivores and site management history can play crucial roles in determining plant community composition. The net effects of invasive species on plant communities are well known, but we have a poor understanding of the relative contributions of direct competitive effects of invasive species and their interactions with herbivores and management practices. Understanding interactions among plant invasions, herbivores and management history is critical for predicting and managing long‐term ecological effects of invasions on native communities.We investigated the effects of the invasive annual grassMicrostegium vimineum, vertebrate herbivory, site management history and their interactions on seedling performance of five native tree species in six forest sites. Half of the sites had been subjected to recent timber harvesting, and half had not been managed for timber for at least 20 years. We evaluated tree seedling survival and biomass after two growing seasons in blocked split‐plots where the invasive grass was present or experimentally removed and where vertebrate herbivores were excluded by fencing or allowed onto the plots.Removal of the invasive grass and herbivore exclosures both had positive effects on seedling survival. Survival of all species was significantly increased by removal or by the interaction of removal with exclosure or timber harvest history. There was a significant interaction between exclosure and removal on seedling biomass where seedlings were larger in exclosure treatments with the invasive removed but smaller in exclosure treatments when the invader was present. Mean seedling biomass was 79·6% greater in harvested sites than in non‐harvested sites. The significant positive effects of removal and recent timber harvest on the biomass of twoQuercusspecies suggest strong impacts of invasion and management history on this important genus.Synthesis and applications. An invasive grass directly inhibited tree seedling performance but effects depended on herbivore exclusion treatment, timber harvest history and tree species. Our results suggest that forest management strategies should incorporate invasive plant control given that regeneration of desirable tree species can be influenced by plant invasions and their interactions with herbivores and previous management practices.
Pollination mitigates cucumber yield gaps more than pesticide and fertilizer use in tropical smallholder gardens
Authors: Motzke Iris , Tscharntke Teja , Wanger Thomas C. , Klein Alexandra‐Maria 
Published: September 2014

Summary

Pollination can be an essential but often neglected ecosystem service to mitigate crop yield gaps. Pollination services are usually studied in isolation, and their relative role and possible interactions with other factors, such as major management practices, is little understood.

We tested how pollination (insect vs. wind‐ and self‐pollination) interacts with weed control, fertilization and insect herbivore control and how these factors as well as flower‐visiting bees influence fruit set and yield of cucumber Cucumis sativus L. in 13 traditional Indonesian home gardens.

Although insect pollination, fertilization and weed control additively increased crop yield, fertilization and weed control alone could not compensate for pollination loss. Pollination individually accounted for 75% of the yield and was, hence, the most important driver of yield. In contrast, herbivore control through insecticides at commonly applied levels did not increase yield.

Yield strongly increased with higher number of flower‐visiting bee individuals, while the number of bee individuals in turn was not influenced by weed control, fertilization or herbivore control, but increased with higher number of cucumber flowers.

Synthesis and applications. Although multiple management practices influence yield, they cannot compensate yield gaps from pollinator loss in cucumber smallholder production in Indonesia. Our results also show that the widespread use of insecticides without considering the impacts on pest reduction is uneconomical. Here, reducing insecticides caused no income loss and, at the same time, reduces potential risks to important pollinators, which needs to be acknowledged by policy‐driven regulations for pesticide application in tropical agroecosystems. Our results stress the importance of enhancing bee populations to facilitate pollination services. Bee management practices, such as sustaining additional food resources for pollinators, need to be established.
Heavy–light, absent–present: rethinking the ‘weight’ of imprisonment
Authors: Crewe Ben , Liebling Alison , Hulley Susie 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSinceKing andMcDermott (1995), followingDownes (1988), defined the psychological oppressiveness of incarceration in terms of ‘weight’, little has been written about the ‘weight of imprisonment’. None the less, it is generally assumed that prisons that are ‘light’ are preferable to those that are ‘heavy’ – in part because of an assumption among many penologists that power, and its application, is dangerous and antagonistic. This article does not dispute that ‘heavy’ prisons are undesirable. Its argument is that there can also be dangers if prisons are excessively light. Many of these dangers are linked to the under‐use of power. The tone and quality of prison life depends on the combined effects of institutional weight with the ‘absence’ or ‘presence’ of staff power. Drawing on prisoners' descriptions of their experiences in public and private sector prisons, and their assessments of important aspects of their quality of life, the article outlines what these concepts mean in practice. The authors develop a four‐quadrant framework for conceptualizeng penal legitimacy and the experience of penal authority.
If it didn't exist we'd have to invent it … Further reflections on the ontological status of the state
Authors: Hay Colin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this brief response to Bob Jessop's probing yet sympathetic critique, I clarify further the ‘as if realist’ political ontology of the state. I suggest that critical realism's appeal to the ontological stratification of social reality and to the logic of retroduction are the principal stumbling blocks for ‘as if realists’, that the appeal to state power(s) as distinct from the state as real cannot circumvent the ‘as if realist’ ontological objection to the state as real since both remain conceptual abstractions, but that there is a natural affinity between the strategic‐relational approach developed by Jessop and others and the ‘as if realist’ ontology of the state that I here elucidate.
Towards a political ontology of state power: a comment on Colin Hay's article
Authors: Jessop Bob 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis article offers some critical realist, strategic‐relational comments on Colin Hay's proposal to treat the state as an ‘as‐if‐real’ concept. The critique first develops an alternative account of ontology, which is more suited to analyses of the state and state power; it then distinguishes the ‘intransitive’ properties of the real world as an object of investigation from the ‘transitive’ features of its scientific investigation and thereby provides a clearer understanding of what is at stake in ‘as‐if‐realism’; and it ends with the suggestion that a concern with the modalities of state power rather than with the state per se offers a more fruitful approach to the genuine issues raised in Hay's article and in his earlier strategic‐relational contributions to political analysis.
Disparities in Perinatal Quality Outcomes for Very Low Birth Weight Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care
Authors: Lake Eileen T. , Staiger Douglas , Horbar Jeffrey , Kenny Michael J. , Patrick Thelma , Rogowski Jeannette A. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo determine if hospital‐level disparities in very low birth weight (VLBW) infant outcomes are explained by poorer hospital nursing characteristics.Data SourcesNurse survey and VLBW infant registry data.Study DesignRetrospective study of 8,252 VLBW infants in 98 Vermont Oxford Network hospital neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) nationally. NICUs were classified into three groups based on their percent of infants of black race. Two nurse‐sensitive perinatal quality standards were studied: nosocomial infection and breast milk.Data CollectionPrimary nurse survey (N = 5,773, 77 percent response rate).Principal FindingsVLBW infants born in high‐black concentration hospitals had higher rates of infection and discharge without breast milk than VLBW infants born in low‐black concentration hospitals. Nurse understaffing was higher and practice environments were worse in high‐black as compared to low‐black hospitals. NICU nursing features accounted for one‐third to one‐half of the hospital‐level health disparities.ConclusionsPoorer nursing characteristics contribute to disparities in VLBW infant outcomes in two nurse‐sensitive perinatal quality standards. Improvements in nursing have potential to improve the quality of care for seven out of ten black VLBW infants who are born in high‐black hospitals in this country.