bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scoring and Manipulating Gene Position and Dynamics Using FROS in Budding Yeast
Authors: Loïodice Isabelle , Dubarry Marion , Taddei Angela 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe spatial organization of the genome within the nucleus is now seen as a key contributor to genome function. Studying chromatin dynamics in living cells has been rendered possible by the development of fast microscopy coupled with fluorescent repressor operator systems (FROS). In these systems, arrays of protein‐binding sites integrated at specific loci by homologous recombination are monitored through the fluorescence of tagged DNA‐binding proteins. In the budding yeast, where homologous recombination is efficient, this technique, combined with targeting assay and genetic analysis, has been extremely powerful for studying the determinants and function of chromatin dynamics in living cells. However, issues have been recurrently raised in different species regarding the use of these systems. Here we discuss the different uses of gene tagging with FROS and their limitations, focusing in budding yeast as a model organism. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 62:22.17.1‐22.17.14. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The opposite effects of inner and outer sea surface temperature on tropical cyclone intensity
Authors: Sun Yuan , Zhong Zhong , Yi Lan , Ha Yao , Sun Yimei 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA suite of semiidealized numerical experiments are conducted to investigate the sensitivity of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity to changes of sea surface temperature (SST) over different radial extents. It is found that the increase of inner SST within the range 1.5–2.0 times the radius of maximum wind (RMW), defined as the effective radius (ER), contributes greatly to the increase of TC intensity and the reduction of TC inner‐core size, whereas the increase of outer SST (defined as SST outside the ER) reduces TC intensity and increases TC inner‐core size. Further analysis suggests that the effects of SST inside and outside the ER on TC intensity rely on the factors that influence the TC development. As the SST increases inside the ER, more surface enthalpy flux enters the TC eyewall and less enters the outer spiral rainbands. This will decrease the RMW, leading to a smaller eyewall radius where strong latent heating is released. As a result, the central pressure of the TC deepens with stronger radial pressure gradient. Meanwhile, the difference between SST and upper tropospheric temperature increases. All factors above contribute to TC intensification as the inner SST increases. The opposite happens as the SST increases outside the ER. How TC intensity responds to the change of the entire SST depends on the competitive and opposite effects of inner and outer SST. Moreover, understanding the mechanisms is vital to the forecast of variations in TC intensity and inner‐core size when a TC comes across an ocean cold or warm pool.
Water resources planning under climate change: Assessing the robustness of real options for the Blue Nile
Authors: Jeuland Marc , Whittington Dale 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article presents a methodology for planning new water resources infrastructure investments and operating strategies in a world of climate change uncertainty. It combines a real options (e.g., options to defer, expand, contract, abandon, switch use, or otherwise alter a capital investment) approach with principles drawn from robust decision‐making (RDM). RDM comprises a class of methods that are used to identify investment strategies that perform relatively well, compared to the alternatives, across a wide range of plausible future scenarios. Our proposed framework relies on a simulation model that includes linkages between climate change and system hydrology, combined with sensitivity analyses that explore how economic outcomes of investments in new dams vary with forecasts of changing runoff and other uncertainties. To demonstrate the framework, we consider the case of new multipurpose dams along the Blue Nile in Ethiopia. We model flexibility in design and operating decisions—the selection, sizing, and sequencing of new dams, and reservoir operating rules. Results show that there is no single investment plan that performs best across a range of plausible future runoff conditions. The decision‐analytic framework is then used to identify dam configurations that are both robust to poor outcomes and sufficiently flexible to capture high upside benefits if favorable future climate and hydrological conditions should arise. The approach could be extended to explore design and operating features of development and adaptation projects other than dams.
Interactions between flow structure and morphodynamic of bars in a channel expansion/contraction, Loire River, France
Authors: Claude Nicolas , Rodrigues Stéphane , Bustillo Vincent , Bréhéret Jean‐Gabriel , Tassi Pablo , Jugé Philippe 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe study of the relationship between flow structure and morphodynamic of bars in a channel expansion/contraction is essential to better understand the processes that control the evolution of rivers. Thus, multibeam echosoundings and Acoustic Doppler Profiler (ADP) measurements were performed with a high temporal resolution in an expansion/contraction zone of the Loire River (France) occupied by bars. During the monitoring period, the macroforms presented successively an alternate, a lateral and a transverse configuration. Field data were analyzed to study how the primary and secondary velocities, the flow directions, the bed shear stresses, and the bed roughnesses (associated to dunes) evolve as a function of the water discharge and bars configuration. The bars modify the flow structure imposed by the channel width variations. In fact, the bars induce a topographic forcing which enables the separation and reducing of the mixing of two currents formed in the upstream channel expansion. This forcing is enhanced by the turbulence formed by the large dunes superimposed on the bars. Therefore, the bars promote a nonuniform flow in the channel. In turn, in the channel expansion/contraction, the migrating bars' morphodynamics are affected by the downstream channel narrowing which stops their downstream migration and forced the bars in the system. Then the nonuniformity of the flow encourages the lateral migration of the macroforms until they reach a bank and become nonmigrating. Finally, the nonmigrating bars are eroded by the flow deflected during the migration of a new bar in the channel expansion/contraction.
Copper‐Catalyzed Monoborylation of Silylalkynes; Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐β‐(Borylvinyl)silanes
Authors: Chae Yeong Mi , Bae Jun Sung , Moon Jong Hun , Lee Jin Yong , Yun Jaesook 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe selective copper‐catalyzed borylation of silylalkynes in the presence of a diboron reagent and methanol produced a variety of (Z)‐β‐(borylvinyl)silanes. The appropriate use of a selective ligand for copper allows the chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselective monoborylation of silylalkynes. The β‐regioselectivity of an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐copper catalyst was investigated by DFT calculations.magnified image
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Multicomponent Synthesis of Pyrrolopiperazines
Authors: Du Haiying , Rodriguez Jean , Bugaut Xavier , Constantieux Thierry 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe first organocatalytic multicomponent synthesis of enantioenriched pyrrolopiperazines is reported. These biologically relevant fused tricyclic products were obtained under catalytic iminium activation through a reaction sequence involving an enantioselective Michael addition followed by an iminium ion trapping via Pictet–Spengler cyclization (MAPS sequence). Substantial possibilities for variation on the three reaction partners [β‐keto ester, enal and N‐(2‐aminoethyl)pyrrole] along with excellent enantioselectivities are the highlights of the present transformation.magnified image
Magnetically Separable Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Diaryl, Alkyl/Aryl Sulfones from Arylsulfinic Acid Salts and Organohalides/Boronic Acids
Authors: Srinivas B. T. V. , Rawat Vikas S. , Konda Kavitha , Sreedhar Bojja 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA recyclable, inexpensive, non‐toxic and environmentally benign catalytic system comprised of magnetically separable copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles has been developed for the synthesis of diaryl, alkyl/aryl sulfones. Arylsulfinic acid salts are coupled with various alkyl/aryl halides/boronic acids to afford the corresponding diaryl, alkyl/aryl sulfones in good to excellent yields under the identical catalytic system. A wide range of functional group tolerance, with facile recovery of the catalyst by application of an external magnetic field, and consistently high catalytic efficiency for five consecutive cycles render the protocol operationally attractive.magnified image
Endocrine responses, weight change, and energy sparing mechanisms during Ramadan among Gambian adolescent women
Authors: Reiches Meredith W. , Moore Sophie E. , Prentice Andrew M. , Ellison Peter T. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesRamadan fasting imposes a diurnal rather than a chronic energetic challenge. When Ramadan occurs during the agricultural season in subsistence populations, diurnal and chronic effects combine. The impact of layered energetic challenges on adolescent activity, metabolism, and body composition have not been quantified. This study compares the effects of a Ramadan (30 July–3 October 2009) and subsequent non‐Ramadan (14 July–12 August 2010) agricultural season in 67 Gambian subsistence agriculturalist women between 14 and 20 years old.MethodsResearchers collected body composition, anthropometric, metabolic, and activity data. Metabolic hormones were measured in weekly urine (C‐peptide of insulin) and serum (leptin). Energy expenditure was estimated from heart rate calibrated for oxygen consumption.ResultsParticipants lost more weight (Wald Chi‐square 8.7, P < 0.01) and lean mass (Wald Chi‐square 4.7, P < 0.05) in Ramadan than in the non‐Ramadan agricultural season. Energy expenditure was lower (Wald Chi‐square 11.2, P = 0.001) and there was a negative correlation between resting metabolic rate and energy expenditure in activity (R2 = 0.097, F = 5.366, P = 0.025) during Ramadan. Leptin and C‐peptide were higher during Ramadan (Wald Chi‐square 53.7, P < 0.001 and Wald Chi‐square 15.0, P < 0.001).ConclusionsEven using energy sparing behaviors, adolescent women enter negative energy balance when Ramadan and the agricultural season co‐occur. Metabolic physiology shows a transient response to high glycemic index foods consumed at night. Older and larger individuals sustain greater losses during Ramadan. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:395–400, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Organocatalytic Addition of Nitromethane to Activated Ketimines
Authors: Wang Yu‐Hui , Liu Yun‐Lin , Cao Zhong‐Yan , Zhou Jian 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe report an organocatalytic addition of nitromethane to aryl α‐ketoester‐derived N‐tosyl ketimines or isatin‐derived N‐tert‐butyloxycarbonyl ketimines, catalyzed by 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (1–5 mol %). Initial screenings reveal that the reaction with a quinine‐derived bifunctional catalyst, which features a C6 phenolic hydroxy group, achieved up to 71 % ee.
Improved quality of surgical field during endoscopic sinus surgery after clonidine premedication—a pilot study
Authors: Wawrzyniak Katarzyna , Burduk Pawel K. , Cywinski Jacek B. , Kusza Krzysztof , Kazmierczak Wojciech 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundInadequate surgical field visualization due to intraoperative bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) can cause major complications. The aim of this prospective study was to compare the effect of preoperative administration of clonidine and melatonin on the quality of the surgical field visualization and selected aspects of presurgical premedication.MethodsTwenty‐six patients undergoing ESS for chronic sinusitis and polyp removal were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either oral clonidine or melatonin as preoperative premedication. During the operation, the quality of the surgical field was assessed and graded using the scale proposed by Boezaart. The evaluations were done at 15, 30, and 60 minutes after incision. The effect of this premedication choice on the intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamic profile was examined in each group. Anxiolytic effects of both premedication agents were assessed using the visual analogue scale for anxiety (VAS‐A). Propofol dose and induction time (the time for bispectral index [BIS] to reach 45), anesthesia and surgical procedures time, and recovery time (the time for BIS to reach 90) were assessed in both groups as well.ResultsThe quality of the surgical field was consistently better in 2 of 3 time points in the clonidine group. Perioperative mean arterial pressure and intraoperative heart rate had a more favorable profile in patients premedicated with clonidine. There were no differences in other measured parameters between groups.ConclusionPremedication with clonidine before ESS provides better quality of surgical field and more favorable hemodynamic profile as compared to melatonin.
KCNT1 gain of function in 2 epilepsy phenotypes is reversed by quinidine
Authors: Milligan Carol J. , Li Melody , Gazina Elena V. , Heron Sarah E. , Nair Umesh , Trager Chantel , Reid Christopher A. , Venkat Anu , Younkin Donald P. , Dlugos Dennis J. , Petrovski Slavé , Goldstein David B. , Dibbens Leanne M. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Berkovic Samuel F. , Petrou Steven 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveMutations in KCNT1 have been implicated in autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) and epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS). More recently, a whole exome sequencing study of epileptic encephalopathies identified an additional de novo mutation in 1 proband with EIMFS. We aim to investigate the electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics of hKCNT1 mutations and examine developmental expression levels.MethodsHere we use a Xenopus laevis oocyte‐based automated 2‐electrode voltage clamp assay. The effects of quinidine (100 and 300μM) are also tested. Using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, the relative levels of mouse brain mKcnt1 mRNA expression are determined.ResultsWe demonstrate that KCNT1 mutations implicated in epilepsy cause a marked increase in function. Importantly, there is a significant group difference in gain of function between mutations associated with ADNFLE and EIMFS. Finally, exposure to quinidine significantly reduces this gain of function for all mutations studied.InterpretationThese results establish direction for a targeted therapy and potentially exemplify a translational paradigm for in vitro studies informing novel therapies in a neuropsychiatric disease. Ann Neurol 2014;75:581–590
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Sequential Allylic Amination and Olefin Hydroacylation Reactions: Enantioselective Synthesis of Seven‐Membered Nitrogen Heterocycles
Authors: Arnold Jeffrey S. , Mwenda Edward T. , Nguyen Hien M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDynamic kinetic asymmetric amination of branched allylic acetimidates has been applied to the synthesis of 2‐alkyl‐dihydrobenzoazepin‐5‐ones. These seven‐membered‐ring aza ketones are prepared in good yield with high enantiomeric excess by rhodium‐catalyzed allylic substitution with 2‐amino aryl aldehydes followed by intramolecular olefin hydroacylation of the resulting alkenals. This two‐step procedure is amenable to varied functionality and proves useful for the enantioselective preparation of these ring systems.
A Uniformly Oriented MFI Membrane for Improved CO2 Separation
Authors: Zhou Ming , Korelskiy Danil , Ye Pengcheng , Grahn Mattias , Hedlund Jonas 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMembrane separation of CO2 from natural gas, biogas, synthesis gas, and flu gas is a simple and energy‐efficient alternative to other separation techniques. But results for CO2‐selective permeance have always been achieved by randomly oriented and thick zeolite membranes. Thin, oriented membranes have great potential to realize high‐flux and high‐selectivity separation of mixtures at low energy cost. We now report a facile method for preparing silica MFI membranes in fluoride media on a graded alumina support. In the resulting membrane straight channels are uniformly vertically aligned and the membrane has a thickness of 0.5 μm. The membrane showed a separation selectivity of 109 for CO2/H2 mixtures and a CO2 permeance of 51×10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 at −35 °C, making it promising for practical CO2 separation from mixtures.
One‐Step Exfoliation and Fluorination of Boron Nitride Nanosheets and a Study of Their Magnetic Properties
Authors: Du Miao , Li Xianlei , Wang Aizhu , Wu Yongzhong , Hao Xiaopeng , Zhao Mingwen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA novel, simple, and efficient method for the preparation of the fluorinated hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (F‐BNNSs) and the corresponding magnetic properties is presented. A one‐step route is used to exfoliate and fluorinate the BNNSs by ammonium fluoride (NH4F) from hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) powder. Through related instrument characterizations and theoretical calculations, we confirm that large‐area and few‐layer F‐BNNSs were successfully produced by this method, which can be attributed to a fluorination‐assisted exfoliation mechanism from the bulk h‐BN in NH4F. More intriguingly, we initially verified that the as‐prepared F‐BNNSs exhibit ferromagnetic characteristics, which would have good potential applications in spintronic devices.
Pumping through Porous Hydrophobic/Oleophilic Materials: An Alternative Technology for Oil Spill Remediation
Authors: Ge Jin , Ye Yin‐Dong , Yao Hong‐Bin , Zhu Xi , Wang Xu , Wu Liang , Wang Jin‐Long , Ding Hang , Yong Ni , He Ling‐Hui , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRecently, porous hydrophobic/oleophilic materials (PHOMs) have been shown to be the most promising candidates for cleaning up oil spills; however, due to their limited absorption capacity, a large quantity of PHOMs would be consumed in oil spill remediation, causing serious economic problems. In addition, the complicated and time‐consuming process of oil recovery from these sorbents is also an obstacle to their practical application. To solve the above problems, we apply external pumping on PHOMs to realize the continuous collection of oil spills in situ from the water surface with high speed and efficiency. Based on this novel design, oil/water separation and oil collection can be simultaneously achieved in the remediation of oil spills, and the oil sorption capacity is no longer limited to the volume and weight of the sorption material. This novel external pumping technique may bring PHOMs a step closer to practical application in oil spill remediation.
A Multifaceted Secondary Structure Mimic Based On Piperidine‐piperidinones
Authors: Xin Dongyue , Perez Lisa M. , Ioerger Thomas R. , Burgess Kevin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMinimalist secondary structure mimics are typically made to resemble one interface in a protein–protein interaction (PPI), and thus perturb it. We recently proposed suitable chemotypes can be matched with interface regions directly, without regard for secondary structures. Here we describe a modular synthesis of a new chemotype 1, simulation of its solution‐state conformational ensemble, and correlation of that with ideal secondary structures and real interface regions in PPIs. Scaffold 1 presents amino acid side‐chains that are quite separated from each other, in orientations that closely resemble ideal sheet or helical structures, similar non‐ideal structures at PPI interfaces, and regions of other PPI interfaces where the mimic conformation does not resemble any secondary structure. 68 different PPIs where conformations of 1 matched well were identified. A new method is also presented to determine the relevance of a minimalist mimic crystal structure to its solution conformations. Thus dld‐1 faf crystallized in a conformation that is estimated to be 0.91 kcal mol−1 above the minimum energy solution state.
US Trends in Rates of Arthroplasty for Inflammatory Arthritis Including Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, and Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Mertelsmann‐Voss Christina , Lyman Stephen , Pan Ting Jung , Goodman Susan M. , Figgie Mark P. , Mandl Lisa A. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveAlthough rates of arthroplasty have increased dramatically, rates among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are reported to be decreasing. It is not known if this is also the case among patients with other inflammatory arthritides. This study was undertaken to evaluate rates of arthroplasty due to RA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), spondyloarthritis (SpA), and a composite group of patients with inflammatory arthritides (IA), compared to arthroplasty rates among patients without inflammatory or autoimmune conditions.MethodsAdministrative discharge databases (State Inpatient Databases of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, New York Department of Health Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System, California Statewide Health Planning and Development) were used to compare rates of knee, hip, and shoulder arthroplasty occurring from 1991 to 2005.ResultsOf 2,839,325 arthroplasties in 1991–2005, 2.7% were performed in patients with IA. The rate of arthroplasty for noninflammatory conditions doubled (124.5 per 100,000 persons in 1991 versus 247.5 per 100,000 persons in 2005), while the rate for IA remained stable at 5.1 per 100,000. Rates of arthroplasty for RA decreased slightly (4.6 per 100,000 versus 4.5 per 100,000) and those for JIA decreased by nearly 50% (0.22 per 100,000 versus 0.13 per 100,000), but the rate of arthroplasty for SpA increased by nearly 50% (0.22 per 100,000 versus 0.31 per 100,000). Age at the time of arthroplasty increased for patients with RA (mean ± SD 63.4 ± 12.7 years versus 64.9 ± 12.8 years), JIA (30.9 ± 12.2 years versus 36.7 ± 14.9 years), and SpA (54.3 ± 16.1 years versus 60.4 ± 13.9 years). However, the mean age at the time of arthroplasty among non‐IA cases decreased (71.5 ± 11.8 years versus 69.0 ± 12.0 years).ConclusionThis population‐based study is the first to show that arthroplasty rates have decreased significantly among patients with JIA and minimally among patients with RA, and have increased among patients with SpA. The increased age at the time of arthroplasty among patients with JIA and SpA suggests that these patients are increasingly able to defer surgical interventions. Further research is needed to assess the ongoing effect of biologic agents on the need for arthroplasties in patients with IA.