bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isothermal Titration Calorimetry of Chiral Polymeric Nanoparticles
Authors: Werber Liora , Preiss Laura C. , Landfester Katharina , Muñoz‐Espí Rafael , Mastai Yitzhak 
Published: June 2015

AbstractChiral polymeric nanoparticles are of prime importance, mainly due to their enantioselective potential, for many applications such as catalysis and chiral separation in chromatography. In this article we report on the preparation of chiral polymeric nanoparticles by miniemulsion polymerization. In addition, we describe the use of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to measure the chiral interactions and the energetics of the adsorption of enantiomers from aqueous solutions onto chiral polymeric nanoparticles. The characterization of chirality in nano‐systems is a very challenging task; here, we demonstrate that ITC can be used to accurately determine the thermodynamic parameters associated with the chiral interactions of nanoparticles. The use of ITC to measure the energetics of chiral interactions and recognition at the surfaces of chiral nanoparticles can be applied to other nanoscale chiral systems and can provide further insight into the chiral discrimination processes of nanomaterials. Chirality 27:613–618, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characteristics of primary splenic diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and role of splenectomy in improving survival
Authors: Bairey Osnat , Shvidel Lev , Perry Chava , Dann Eldad J. , Ruchlemer Rosa , Tadmor Tamar , Goldschmidt Neta 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUNDPrimary splenic diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (PS‐DLBCL), an uncommon type of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, has been investigated only in small patient series before the rituximab era. The therapeutic role of splenectomy in addition to immunochemotherapy is unknown.METHODSThe databases of 7 medical centers in Israel were searched for patients diagnosed with PS‐DLBCL in 1982‐2013, and clinical, treatment, and outcome data were collected for 87 patients. The mean patient age was 59.6 years; 57.5% were male.RESULTSPatients presented with abdominal pain (81%), B symptoms (59%), splenomegaly (84%), splenic masses (97%), and high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (84%); 61% had stage I or II disease. The diagnosis was made with core‐needle biopsy in 46 patients and with diagnostic splenectomy in 39 patients. Eighty patients (92%) were treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone; 68 (78%) received rituximab. A complete response was achieved in 67 patients (77%), and a partial response was achieved in 8 (9%). At 5 years, the overall survival (OS) rate was 77%, and the progression‐free survival (PFS) rate was 67%. When patients were stratified by splenectomy at diagnosis, the OS rates were 91% for splenectomized patients and 68% for nonsplenectomized patients (P = .08), and the PFS rates were 85% and 55%, respectively (P = .02). The respective values for the subgroup with early‐stage disease were 96% and 63% for OS (P = .009) and 90% and 51% for PFS (P = .01). In a multivariate analysis, a low Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and splenectomy independently predicted better PFS (P < .03).CONCLUSIONSPatients with PS‐DLBCL usually present with abdominal pain, high LDH levels, and a splenic mass. This study shows for the first time that splenectomy at diagnosis improves survival, specifically in patients with early‐stage disease. Cancer 2015;121:2909–2916. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Capecitabine combined with docetaxel versus vinorelbine followed by capecitabine maintenance medication for first‐line treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer: Phase 3 randomized trial
Authors: Wang Jiayu , Xu Binghe , Yuan Peng , Ma Fei , Li Qing , Zhang Pin , Cai Ruigang , Fan Ying , Luo Yang , Li Qiao 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUNDIn this prospective study, progression‐free survival (PFS) and the safety profiles of docetaxel/capecitabine (TX) and vinorelbine/capecitabine (NX) followed by capecitabine maintenance therapy were compared in patients with metastatic breast cancer.METHODSPatients with advanced metastatic breast cancer were randomly assigned to a TX group (n = 104) and an NX group (n = 102), both of which included capecitabine maintenance medication. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS).RESULTSThe trial met its primary endpoint and was closed to accrual subsequent to interim analysis. Forty‐eight patients in the TX group (46.2%) and 42 patients in the NX group (41.2%) received maintenance medication. The median PFS (8.4 vs 7.1 months; P = .0026; 95% confidence interval, 1.18‐2.3; hazard ratio, 1.65), the response duration (7.8 vs 6.6 months; P = .0451), and the median overall survival (OS) (35.3 vs 19.8 months; P = .1349; 95% confidence interval, 0.88‐2.47; hazard ratio, 1.48) in the TX group appeared to be longer compared with those in the NX group, although the difference did reach not statistical significance. Patients aged ≥40 years who were postmenopausal and presented with visceral metastases were more likely to benefit from the TX regimen in terms of PFS and OS, whereas positive hormone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status or a history of taxane treatments did not affect differences in PFS and OS between the TX and NX groups. Hand‐foot syndrome occurred more frequently in the TX group than in the NX group (47% vs 16.7%; P < .0001), but the frequencies of other minor adverse effects were similar in both groups.CONCLUSIONSA TX regimen for advanced breast cancer followed by capecitabine maintenance medication led to longer PFS and response duration than an NX regimen, even for patients who had previously received taxane in (neo)adjuvant settings. Cancer 2015. © 2015 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2015;121:3435–43. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Radiofrequency ablation of stage IA non–small cell lung cancer in medically inoperable patients: Results from the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z4033 (Alliance) trial
Authors: Dupuy Damian E. , Fernando Hiran C. , Hillman Shauna , Ng Thomas , Tan Angelina D. , Sharma Amita , Rilling William S. , Hong Kelvin , Putnam Joe B. 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUNDThis study evaluated the 2‐year overall survival rate, adverse event rate, local control rate, and impact on pulmonary function tests for medically inoperable patients with stage IA non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing computed tomography (CT)–guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in a prospective, multicenter trial.METHODSFifty‐four patients (25 men and 29 women) with a median age of 76 years (range, 60‐89 years) were enrolled from 16 US centers; 51 patients were eligible for evaluation (they had biopsy‐proven stage IA NSCLC and were deemed medically inoperable by a board‐certified thoracic surgeon). Pulmonary function tests were performed within the 60 days before RFA and 3 and 24 months after RFA. Adverse events were recorded and categorized. Patients were followed with CT and fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Local control rate and recurrence patterns were analyzed.RESULTSThe overall survival rate was 86.3% at 1 year and 69.8% at 2 years. The local tumor recurrence–free rate was 68.9% at 1 year and 59.8% at 2 years and was worse for tumors > 2 cm. In the 19 patients with local recurrence, 11 were re‐treated with RFA, 9 underwent radiation, and 3 underwent chemotherapy. There were 21 grade 3 adverse events, 2 grade 4 adverse events, and 1 grade 5 adverse event in 12 patients within the first 90 days after RFA. None of the grade 4 or 5 adverse events were attributable to RFA. There was no significant change in the forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration or the diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide after RFA. A tumor size less than 2.0 cm and a performance status of 0 or 1 were associated with statistically significant improved survival of 83% and 78%, respectively, at 2 years.CONCLUSIONSRFA is a single, minimally invasive procedure that is well tolerated in medically inoperable patients, does not adversely affect pulmonary function tests, and provides a 2‐year overall survival rate that is comparable to the rate reported after stereotactic body radiotherapy in similar patients. Cancer 2015;121:3435–43. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Patient perceptions regarding the likelihood of cure after surgical resection of lung and colorectal cancer
Authors: Kim Yuhree , Winner Megan , Page Andrew , Tisnado Diana M. , Martinez Kathryn A. , Buettner Stefan , Ejaz Aslam , Spolverato Gaya , Morss Dy Sydney E. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUNDThe objective of the current study was to characterize the prevalence of the expectation that surgical resection of lung or colorectal cancer might be curative. The authors sought to assess patient‐level, tumor‐level, and communication‐level factors associated with the perception of cure.METHODSBetween 2003 and 2005, a total of 3954 patients who underwent cancer‐directed surgery for lung (30.3%) or colorectal (69.7%) cancer were identified from a population‐based and health system‐based survey of participants from multiple US regions.RESULTSApproximately 80.0% of patients with lung cancer and 89.7% of those with colorectal cancer responded that surgery would cure their cancer. Even 57.4% and 79.8% of patients with stage IV lung and colorectal cancer, respectively, believed surgery was likely to be curative. On multivariable analyses, the odds ratio (OR) of the perception of curative intent was found to be higher among patients with colorectal versus lung cancer (OR, 2.27). Patients who were female, with an advanced tumor stage, unmarried, and having a higher number of comorbidities were less likely to believe that surgery would cure their cancer; educational level, physical function, and insurance status were not found to be associated with perception of cure. Patients who reported optimal physician communication scores (reference score, 0‐80; score of 80‐100 [OR, 1.40] and score of 100 [OR, 1.89]) and a shared role in decision‐making with their physician (OR, 1.16) or family (OR, 1.17) had a higher odds of perceiving surgery would be curative, whereas patients who reported physician‐controlled (OR, 0.56) or family‐controlled (OR, 0.72) decision‐making were less likely to believe surgery would provide a cure.CONCLUSIONSGreater focus on patient‐physician engagement, communication, and barriers to discussing goals of care with patients who are diagnosed with cancer is needed. Cancer 2015;121:3564–3573. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Circulating human papillomavirus DNA as a marker for disease extent and recurrence among patients with oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Dahlstrom Kristina R. , Li Guojun , Hussey Caroline S. , Vo Jenny T. , Wei Qingyi , Zhao Chong , Sturgis Erich M. 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUNDCirculating Epstein‐Barr virus DNA is a predictor of disease recurrence in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Circulating human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA has been detected in the sera of some patients with HPV‐positive squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (OPC). The goal of the current study was to determine whether pretreatment serum HPV DNA is a useful biomarker for disease recurrence in patients with HPV‐positive OPC.METHODSThe study included patients with newly diagnosed, previously untreated OPC. Tumor HPV status was determined by polymerase chain reaction; serum HPV DNA was detected using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Differences in clinical characteristics between patients who were positive and negative for pretreatment serum HPV DNA were described using standard descriptive statistical methods. Kaplan‐Meier curves were generated and log‐rank tests were used to detect statistically significant differences in progression‐free survival (PFS).RESULTSA total of 262 patients were included. Patients with high N category and those with TNM stage IV disease were found to have higher rates of detectable pretreatment serum HPV DNA. Patients with HPV‐positive tumors had better PFS than patients with HPV‐negative tumors. Among patients with HPV‐positive tumors, those who were negative for pretreatment serum HPV DNA had better PFS than those who were positive for pretreatment serum HPV DNA, but this result was not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONSPretreatment serum HPV DNA was associated with higher N category and overall disease stage. However, pretreatment serum HPV DNA does not appear to have clinical usefulness as a marker for disease recurrence among patients with OPC. Cancer 2015;121:3435–43. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Pharmacokinetics of aclidinium bromide/formoterol fumarate fixed‐dose combination compared with individual components: A phase 1, open‐label, single‐dose study
Authors: Fuhr Rainard , Leselbaum Anne , Aubets Jordi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractInhaled, long‐acting bronchodilators represent a cornerstone of maintenance treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aclidinium bromide/formoterol fumarate 400/12 μg fixed‐dose combination (FDC) has recently been licensed for use in adults with COPD in the European Union. This phase 1, randomized, open‐label, 3‐way, complete crossover, single‐dose study assessed the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of an FDC, aclidinium bromide 400 μg, and formoterol fumarate 12 μg, all administered via Genuair™ to 30 healthy subjects. The rate and extent of absorption were comparable for aclidinium/formoterol FDC and individual monotherapies; aclidinium/formoterol FDC and aclidinium alone: Cmax, 270 and 215 pg/mL, respectively; AUC0–t, 229 and 222 pg · h/mL, respectively; aclidinium/formoterol FDC and formoterol alone: Cmax, 11 and 9.3 pg/mL, respectively; AUC, 36 and 32.4 pg · h/mL, respectively. There were no major differences in relative bioavailability between the combination and monotherapies: the aclidinium Cmax and AUC0–t were 26% and 3% higher, respectively, with aclidinium/formoterol FDC compared with aclidinium alone, and 18% and 11% higher, respectively, compared with formoterol alone. Aclidinium/formoterol FDC was well tolerated; the incidence of adverse events was low and similar to the monotherapies. Aclidinium/formoterol FDC was not associated with any major differences in rate and extent of absorption or relative bioavailability compared with monotherapies.
A single‐ and multiple‐dose study to investigate the pharmacokinetics of epelsiban and its metabolite, GSK2395448, in healthy female volunteers
Authors: Mahar Kelly M. , Stier Brendt , Fries Michael , McCallum Stewart W. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn open‐label single‐ and repeat‐dose study was conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of ascending doses of epelsiban in healthy female volunteers (n = 48). The pharmacokinetics of the epelsiban metabolite, GSK2395448, were also assessed. Epelsiban was readily absorbed and parent and metabolite readily appeared in plasma. The parent drug's median tmax was approximately 0.5 hours, and the metabolite's median tmax ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 hours post–parent dosing. Both epelsiban and GSK2395448 had rapid elimination half‐lives, ranging between 2.66 and 4.85 hours. The metabolite:parent ratios for exposure (AUC and Cmax) ranged from approximately 70% to greater than 100%, and therefore, GSK2395448 is considered a major metabolite of epelsiban. Mean epelsiban and GSK2395448 AUC values increased in a dose‐proportional manner following both single‐dose administration from 10 to 200 mg and repeat administration from 10 to 150 mg following twice daily or 4‐times‐daily dosing. Single‐dose epelsiban pharmacokinetics in women was similar to single‐dose pharmacokinetics previously observed in men. Epelsiban was generally well tolerated, and no events of clinical concern were observed in volunteers dosed in this study. The safety findings were consistent with the previous study in men, with headache the most commonly reported adverse effect.
Distinguishing 2N gamete nuclei from doublets in pollen using flow cytometry and pulse analysis
Authors: Kron Paul , Husband Brian C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe value of flow cytometry for quantifying unreduced (2N) pollen production in plants is well recognized; however, the approach has been limited by technical obstacles to obtaining high quality nuclei fluorescence histograms and the difficulty in distinguishing 2N nuclei from 1N doublets. Here, we use mathematical arguments and observations of fluorescence properties of angiosperm pollen nuclei to generate guidelines for applying pulse analysis to correct for doublets in pollen nuclei data. We show that the theoretical requirements for applying pulse analysis for doublet correction are met when nucleus fluorescence height and/or width measures in the unreduced gamete (2C DNA content) region exhibit bimodality (reflecting singlets and doublets) in combination with unimodal distributions of the same parameters in the reduced gamete (1C) region. These conditions are regularly met in the family Brassicaceae but not in the Asteraceae and Poaceae. We further show that when these requirements are met, pulse analysis estimates of doublet proportions are well correlated with estimates obtained with microscopy. We propose guidelines for doublet correction when estimating frequencies of unreduced male gametes. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
An incremental intrusion detection system using a new semi‐supervised stream classification method
Authors: Noorbehbahani Fakhroddin , Fanian Ali , Mousavi Rasoul , Hasannejad Homa 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIn recent years, the utilization of machine learning and data mining techniques for intrusion detection has received great attention by both security research communities and intrusion detection system (IDS) developers. In intrusion detection, the most important constraints are the imbalanced class distribution, the scarcity of the labeled data, and the massive amounts of network flows. Moreover, because of the dynamic nature of the network flows, applying static learned models degrades the detection performance significantly over time. In this article, we propose a new semi‐supervised stream classification method for intrusion detection, which is capable of incremental updating using limited labeled data. The proposed method, called the incremental semi‐supervised flow network‐based IDS (ISF‐NIDS), relies on an incremental mixed‐data clustering, a new supervised cluster adjustment method, and an instance‐based learning. The ISF‐NIDS operates in real time and learns new intrusions quickly using limited storage and processing power. The experimental results on the KDD99, Moore, and Sperotto benchmark datasets indicate the superiority of the proposed method compared with the existing state‐of‐the‐art incremental IDSs.
SGDD: self‐managed grid‐based data dissemination protocol for mobile sink in wireless sensor network
Authors: Majma Mohammad Reza , Almassi Sanaz , Shokrzadeh Hamid 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe reduction of energy consumption in order to increase network lifetime is one of the most major challenges in the design of wireless sensor networks. During data dissemination, the sensors that are located in the sink's neighborhood are responsible to relay data to the other nodes; hence, their energy is exhausted expeditiously. Therefore, the idea of utilizing mobile sinks can be so advantageous to decrease energy consumption during data dissemination process. In this paper, we propose self‐managed grid‐based data disseminating protocol for mobile sink in wireless sensor networks by using the idea of constructing a virtual grid. In self‐managed grid‐based data disseminating protocol, sink and nodes map their geographical position to a virtual location. In order to increase the performance, we have employed a cell head for each grid cell. Cell heads are selected based on two parameters, centralization and residual energy. Our data dissemination protocol is simple and has low overhead to construct and maintain. Also, we have presented a new method for sink location update, which leads to the least cost in data transfer. Simulation results illustrate that by utilizing hierarchical functionality and determining an optimal size for grid cells, energy consumption is decreased, which leads to increasing network lifetime. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Criterions of designing codebooks and a relay selection scheme for a relay network
Authors: Wang Haiquan , Zhao Baofeng , Hong Lei 
Published: June 2015

SummaryFor a relay network system with amplify and forward protocol, in this paper, analysis of performance is conducted, and an upper bound of pairwise error probability is obtained. Moreover, a scheme of relay selection is analyzed under assumptions that (i) the relays amplify and forward received signals without any signal processing; (ii) the receiver only knows channel state information from the relays to the receiver; and (iii) the transmitter and the relays do not have any channel state information. Based on the upper bound, a criterion of designing codebook is proposed. Surprisingly, this bound shows that increasing the number of relays can hardly improve performance. Furthermore, the error probability is decreasing with a speed of P−1, no matter how large the relay number is, where P is the total energy. Also, for the relay selection, the optimal selecting way is to select only one relay with the largest channel gain, which is very different from existing schemes. These results are all confirmed by simulations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ZFIN, The zebrafish model organism database: Updates and new directions
Authors: Ruzicka Leyla , Bradford Yvonne M. , Frazer Ken , Howe Douglas G. , Paddock Holly , Ramachandran Sridhar , Singer Amy , Toro Sabrina , Van Slyke Ceri E. , Eagle Anne E. , Fashena David , Kalita Patrick , Knight Jonathan , Mani Prita , Martin Ryan , Moxon Sierra A.T. , Pich Christian , Schaper Kevin , Shao Xiang , Westerfield Monte 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe Zebrafish Model Organism Database (ZFIN; http://zfin.org) is the central resource for genetic and genomic data from zebrafish (Danio rerio) research. ZFIN staff curate detailed information about genes, mutants, genotypes, reporter lines, sequences, constructs, antibodies, knockdown reagents, expression patterns, phenotypes, gene product function, and orthology from publications. Researchers can submit mutant, transgenic, expression, and phenotype data directly to ZFIN and use the ZFIN Community Wiki to share antibody and protocol information. Data can be accessed through topic‐specific searches, a new site‐wide search, and the data‐mining resource ZebrafishMine (http://zebrafishmine.org). Data download and web service options are also available. ZFIN collaborates with major bioinformatics organizations to verify and integrate genomic sequence data, provide nomenclature support, establish reciprocal links, and participate in the development of standardized structured vocabularies (ontologies) used for data annotation and searching. ZFIN‐curated gene, function, expression, and phenotype data are available for comparative exploration at several multi‐species resources. The use of zebrafish as a model for human disease is increasing. ZFIN is supporting this growing area with three major projects: adding easy access to computed orthology data from gene pages, curating details of the gene expression pattern changes in mutant fish, and curating zebrafish models of human diseases. genesis 53:498–509, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.