bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Center index method—an alternative for wear measurements with radiostereometry (RSA)
Authors: Dahl Jon , Figved Wender , Snorrason Finnur , Nordsletten Lars , Röhrl Stephan M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRadiostereometry (RSA) is considered to be the most precise and accurate method for wear‐measurements in total hip replacement. Post‐operative stereoradiographs has so far been necessary for wear measurement. Hence, the use of RSA has been limited to studies planned for RSA measurements. We compared a new RSA method for wear measurements that does not require previous radiographs with conventional RSA. Instead of comparing present stereoradiographs with post‐operative ones, we developed a method for calculating the post‐operative position of the center of the femoral head on the present examination and using this as the index measurement. We compared this alternative method to conventional RSA in 27 hips in an ongoing RSA study. We found a high degree of agreement between the methods for both mean proximal (1.19 mm vs. 1.14 mm) and mean 3D wear (1.52 mm vs. 1.44 mm) after 10 years. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were 0.958 and 0.955, respectively (p < 0.001 for both ICCs). The results were also within the limits of agreement when plotted subject‐by‐subject in a Bland–Altman plot. Our alternative method for wear measurements with RSA offers comparable results to conventional RSA measurements. It allows precise wear measurements without previous radiological examinations. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 480–484, 2013
Conversion from external fixator to intramedullary nail causes a second hit and impairs fracture healing in a severe trauma model
Authors: Recknagel Stefan , Bindl Ronny , Wehner Tim , Göckelmann Melanie , Wehrle Esther , Gebhard Florian , Huber‐Lang Markus , Claes Lutz , Ignatius Anita 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn poly‐traumatic patients, second hits are known to potentiate the posttraumatic systemic inflammatory response, thus increasing the risk of multi‐organ dysfunction. In accordance with “damage control orthopaedic surgery” principles, fractures are initially treated with external fixators, which are replaced by internal osteosynthesis once the immunological status of the patient is considered stable. Recently, we demonstrated that a severe trauma impaired the healing of fractures stabilized by external fixation during the entire healing period. The question arose, whether switching to intramedullary nailing increases the inflammatory response in terms of a second hit, leading to a further impairment of bone healing. Wistar rats received a femoral osteotomy stabilized by an external fixator. Simultaneously half of the rats underwent an additional thoracic trauma. After 4 days, the external fixator was replaced by an intramedullary nail in half of the rats of the two groups. The inflammatory response was evaluated by measuring serum C5a levels. Fracture healing was determined by three‐point‐bending, µCT, and histomorphometry. The thoracic trauma significantly increased C5a concentrations 6, 24, and 72 h after the second surgical intervention. After 40 days, conversion to intramedullary nailing considerably decreased the flexural rigidity of the callus, with no significant differences between rats with or without thoracic trauma. After 47 days, flexural rigidity in rats subjected to conversion remained decreased compared to animals solely treated by external fixation, particularly in combination with blunt chest trauma. The results indicate that accumulation of second hits after multiple injuries could lead to aggravation of the fracture healing outcome. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 465–471, 2013
Optimization of an oil leaching process to reduce the level of dioxins and dioxin‐like PCBs in fishmeal
Authors: Oterhals Åge , Kvamme Bjørn 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundFishmeal produced from fish caught in polluted fishing areas might contain dioxins and dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) above maximum permitted levels (MPL) for use in feed. Decontamination of the fishmeal can be achieved by hexane extraction. The principal objective of this study was to optimize a more environmentally friendly alternative based on oil leaching of the moist presscake intermediate product during fishmeal manufacturing.ResultsA central composite design and response surface methodology was used to study the influence of the process variables temperature (T), presscake moisture content (MC) and leaching time (LT) on the decontamination process. A significant squared MC effect was observed, resulting in an optimum leaching rate at 27% MC. This corresponds to 5% improved dibenzo‐p‐dioxin/dibenzo furan (PCDD/F)–PCB toxic equivalent (TEQ) reduction compared to normal presscake (55% MC). The initial leaching rate was fast, with a TEQ reduction of 69% after only 2 min at 87 °C and 55% MC. Under the best experimental conditions (87 °C, 38% MC, 12 min LT) a TEQ reduction of 82% was achieved. Excess oil in the presscake after the leaching operation could be removed by use of a water washing step. No reduction in protein quality measured by mink digestibility could be observed.ConclusionThe results confirm that the oil leaching process is robust and offers easily achievable TEQ levels well below present MPLs based on process conditions normally used by the industry. Comparative effects on non‐dioxin‐like PCBs are expected. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of exogenously applied abscisic acid on carotenoid content and water uptake in flowers of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Baldermann Susanne , Yang Ziyin , Sakai Miwa , Fleischmann Peter , Morita Akio , Todoroki Yasushi , Watanabe Naoharu 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarotenoids are a major class of plant pigments and fulfill many functions in different organisms that either produce or consume them. Although the color of the stamina of tea (Camellia sinensis) flowers is clearly due to the presence of carotenoids, the carotenoid profile and content remain to be discovered.RESULTSWe investigated the carotenoid profile of tea flowers and determined changes in concentrations over the floral development. The flowers contained oxygenated xanthophylls such as neoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin, as well as the hydrocarbons β‐carotene and α‐carotene. Flowers of the tea plant contain to vegetables comparable amounts of carotenoids. The content of 9′‐cis‐epoxycarotenoids, which serve as abscisic acid precursors, as well as changes in concentration of abscisic acid were studied. The concentrations of carotenoids decreased whereas the abscisic acid content increased over the floral development. Exogenously applied S‐abscisic acid affected water uptake, flower opening and carotenoid accumulation.CONCLUSIONIn summary, this paper reports, for the first time, the carotenoid profile and content of tea flowers. The study revealed that carotenoids in tea flowers are an interesting target in respect of possible applications of tea flower extracts as well as biological functions of abscisic acid during floral development. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of a new rabbit monoclonal antibody and its based competitive indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for rapid detection of sulfonamides
Authors: Liu Na , Han Zheng , Lu Lei , Wang Lin , Ni Geng , Zhao Zhihui , Wu Aibo , Zheng Xiaodong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundMonoclonal antibodies generally obtained through the classic mouse hybridoma system were requisite for the establishment of various immunoassays. In this study, a new rabbit monoclonal antibody (RabMAb) against sulfonamides (SAs) was first produced via hybridoma technique in rabbit. The related enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was then developed and applied to real sample analysis.ResultsA sensitive competitive indirect ELISA method based on a novel RabMAb for rapid detection of sulfonamides was first established. The obtained half‐maximum inhibition concentration (IC50) values for four SAs were all below 10 ng mL−1, with 0.68 ng mL−1 sulfathiazole (STZ), 1.11 ng mL−1 sulfadiazine (SD), 1.15 ng mL−1 sulfapyridine (SP) and 5.27 ng mL−1 sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Desirable recoveries when detecting different spiked swine urine and milk samples were achieved ranging from 92.6% to 104.3% and from 61.1% to 81.6%, respectively.ConclusionThe proposed immunoassay with the newly developed RabMAb is capable of detection of four SAs (STZ, SD, SP and SMX) with proven satisfactory performance and is applicable for routine large‐scale analysis in practical uses.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of the domain structure of the 7S and 11S globulins from soy proteins by XRD and FTIR
Authors: Chen Jun , Chen Xiangyan , Zhu Qingjun , Chen Fengliang , Zhao Xiaoyan , Ao Qiang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe 7S and 11S fractions from soybean proteins have interesting high nutritional and excellent functional properties. The aim of this research was to improve the functional properties of soy proteins by studying the effect of bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) reverse micelles on the conformation of the 7S and 11S globulins using Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy.RESULTSFourier transform infrared revealed that the intensity of the 7S and 11S globulin bands from AOT reverse micelle extraction at 1600–1700, 1480–1575, 1220–1300, 3330, 1448 and 1395 cm−1 was higher than from aqueous buffer. X‐ray diffraction data showed that the intensities of 7S globulin using two extraction methods at 2θ about 10° were significantly different (P < 0.05), about 22° slightly increased. The intensities of 11S globulin at 2θ about 10° and 22° were similar. The average distance between particles (dhkl) for 7S globulin with aqueous buffer extraction at 2θ about 10° was greater than AOT reverse micelle extraction.CONCLUSIONThis study showed the potential of reverse micelles as a protocol for extracting the 7S and 11S globulins for analytical purposes. The results represent a new avenue for determining the structures of the 7S and 11S globulins. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
The activity of antioxidant enzymes in response to salt stress in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings raised from seed treated with chitosan
Authors: Jabeen Nusrat , Ahmad Rafiq 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundSalt tolerance is a complex trait which involves the coordinated action of many genes that perform a variety of functions, such as ion sequestration, metabolic adjustment, osmotic adjustment and antioxidative defence. In this article, the growth and the generation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under normal (ECiw [Electrical conductivity of irrigation water] = 0.5 dS m−1) and salt stress conditions (ECiw = 3.4, 6.1, 8.6 and 10.8 dS m−1) in relation to the priming of seeds of the two important oil yielding crops, i.e. safflower and sunflower, with different concentrations of chitosan [0% (control), 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%] is discussed.ResultsInduced salinity stress significantly decreased germination percentage, germination rate, length and weight of root and shoot, and protein content. Proline content, malondialdehyde content (MDA), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) activity increased at 10.8 dS m−1. Under control conditions there were no significant differences in germination percentage among different concentrations of chitosan, whereas CAT and POX activity were increased by low concentrations of chitosan. With increasing salt stress, low concentrations of chitosan increased germination percentage but decreased MDA and proline contents and CAT and POX activity.ConclusionGeneration of ROS seems to be unavoidable under normal conditions and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in plants varies in terms of ROS generation under salt stress. However, the data indicate that plants subjected to salt stress‐induced oxidative stress and the low concentrations of chitosan exhibited positive effects on salt stress alleviation through the reduction of enzyme activity in both crops. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Flexible bistable chiral nematic liquid crystal display with enhanced memory characteristic by surface treatment
Authors: Bae Kwang‐Soo , Kim Minju , Moon Yeon‐Kyu , Kim Youngsik , Yu Chang‐Jae , Kim Jae‐Hoon 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe proposed a flexible bistable chiral splay nematic liquid crystal display with the enhanced memory characteristics by the surface treatment with reactive mesogen (RM). With the polymerized RM structure on alignment layers adopted, the energy barrier between splay and π‐twisted states in the bistable chiral splay nematic liquid crystal mode is increased because of the enhancement of the azimuthal anchoring energy, and thus, the spontaneous relaxation from the π‐twisted state to the initial splay state is remarkably impeded. As a result, the memory retention time became twice as long as that of the conventional cell without the polymerized RM structure, and the stable memory characteristics were maintained against the external deformation.
Pathological subtrochanteric fractures in 194 patients: A comparison of outcome after surgical treatment of pathological and non‐pathological fractures
Authors: Weiss Rüdiger J. , Ekström Wilhelmina , Hansen Bjarne H. , Keller Johnny , Laitinen Minna , Trovik Clement , Zaikova Olga , Wedin Rikard 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe surgical treatment of pathological subtrochanteric fractures has been associated with technical difficulties and frequent failures. We analyzed survival, risk factors for death, and outcome after surgical treatment.MethodsThe study group consisted of 194 patients with pathological subtrochanteric femur fractures operated during 1999–2009. Cox multiple‐regression analysis was performed to study risk factors and results were expressed as hazard ratios (HR). We included a control group with non‐pathological subtrochanteric fractures (n = 87) for comparison.ResultsThe median age at surgery was 68 (29–96) years in the study group and 82 (66–101) in the controls. The 1‐year survival rate after surgery was 33% (95% CI: 26–40) in the study group and 85% (79–93) in the controls. In the study group, the risk of death after surgery was increased for patients ≥65 years of age (HR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1–2.1), with a moderate (HR 2.2, 1.5–3.4) and poor (HR 2.9, 1.6–5.2) Karnofsky score, with visceral metastases (HR 1.6, 1.1–2.3), and perioperative hemoglobin levels <100 g/L (HR 2.2, 1.3–3.7). In patients with pathological fractures, there was no statistically significant difference concerning reoperation rates comparing intramedullary nails (9%) with endoprostheses (6%; P = 0.3).ConclusionsSurgery for pathological subtrochanteric femur fractures is a relatively safe and effective procedure. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:498–504. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Classification of glottic insufficiency and tension asymmetry using a multilayer perceptron
Authors: Hoffman Matthew R. , Surender Ketan , Devine Erin E. , Jiang Jack J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjective:Laryngeal function can be evaluated from multiple perspectives, including aerodynamic input, acoustic output, and mucosal wave vibratory characteristics. To determine the classifying power of each of these, we used a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (ANN) to classify data as normal, glottic insufficiency, or tension asymmetry.Study design:Case series analyzing data obtained from excised larynges simulating different conditions.Methods:Aerodynamic, acoustic, and videokymographic data were collected from excised canine larynges simulating normal, glottic insufficiency, and tension asymmetry. Classification of samples was performed using a multilayer perceptron ANN.Results:A classification accuracy of 84% was achieved when including all parameters. Classification accuracy dropped below 75% when using only aerodynamic or acoustic parameters and below 65% when using only videokymographic parameters.Conclusions:Samples were classified with the greatest accuracy when using a wide range of parameters. Decreased classification accuracies for individual groups of parameters demonstrate the importance of a comprehensive voice assessment when evaluating dysphonia. Laryngoscope, 2012
Anatomical basis and clinical application of the ulnar forearm free flap for head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Huang Jung‐Ju , Wu Chih‐Wei , Lam Wee Leon , Nguyen Dung H. , Kao Huang‐Kai , Lin Chia‐Yu , Cheng Ming‐Huei 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:This study was designed to investigate the anatomical features and applications of the ulnar forearm flap in head and neck reconstructive surgery.Study Design:A prospective study was designed to include 50 ulnar forearm free flap transplants in 50 patients. Patient defects requiring reconstructive surgery involved the buccal mucosa, tongue, floor of the mouth, upper or lower gums, lips, soft palate, and scalp. Twenty ulnar forearm flaps were analyzed along the entire ulnar artery to determine the anatomy and distribution of the ulnar artery septocutaneous perforators.Results:All 50 flaps were successfully transplanted into their respective sites. The mean diameters of the ulnar artery and vein were 2.3 ± 0.6 mm and 1.7 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. Arterial and venous size mismatch was experienced in 12 and 33 flaps, respectively. The mean number of sizable perforators was 4.3 ± 1.2, and most of the first perforators were located within 5 cm of the proximal wrist crease. None of the patients experienced long‐term complications concerning the ulnar nerve.Conclusions:The ulnar forearm flap is a reliably consistent source of free flap transfer because it harbors constant septocutaneous perforators and produces minimal donor site morbidities for head and neck reconstructive surgery. Laryngoscope, 2012
Women otolaryngologist representation in specialty society membership and leadership positions
Authors: Choi Sukgi S. , Miller Robert H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine the proportion of female otolaryngologists in leadership positions relative to their number in the specialty, their membership in various otolaryngology organizations, and age.Study Design:Cross‐sectional analyses of otolaryngology organization membership with a subgroup analysis on female membership and leadership proportion comparing 5‐year male/female cohort groups.Methods:Information on the number of members and leaders was obtained from various specialty societies by direct communication and from their Web sites between June and December 2010. The number of female and male otolaryngologists and their age distribution in 5‐year age groups was obtained from the American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNS). Statistical analyses were used to determine whether women had proportional membership and leadership representation in various specialty societies. Additionally, female representation in other leadership roles was analyzed using the male/female ratio within the 5‐year cohort groups.Results:Female otolaryngologists were found to constitute approximately 11% of practicing otolaryngologists. The American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology had a higher proportion of female members (22%) compared to five other societies. When the gender composition within each organization was taken into account, female representation in specialty society leadership positions was proportionate to their membership across all societies. When gender and age were considered, women have achieved proportionate representation in each of the specialty societies' leadership positions. There was also proportionate representation of females as program directors, American Board of Otolaryngology directors, Residency Review Committee members, and journal editors/editorial board members. Finally, fewer female chairs or chiefs of departments/divisions were seen, but when age was taken into consideration, this difference was no longer significant.Conclusion:Women have achieved parity in otolaryngology leadership positions. As the number and seniority of women increase, the specialty should continue to monitor representation of women in leadership positions. Laryngoscope, 2012
Role of frontal sinus surgery in nasal polyp recurrence
Authors: Bassiouni Ahmed , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Patients with aggressive nasal polyp recurrence form an important subgroup of patients with refractory sinus disease. The objectives of this study were to establish patterns of polyp recurrence and evaluate the effect of frontal sinus surgery (Draf 2a vs. Draf 3) on polyp recurrence.Study Design:Retrospective cohort study reviewing 338 consecutive operations.Methods:Polyp recurrence was defined according to the Lund‐Kennedy mucosal edema score. Survival analysis methods were used for statistics.Results:After complete sphenoethmoidectomies, Draf 2a frontal sinusotomies, and middle meatal antrostomies persistent polyp recurrence occurred in 19.8% of patients after 6 months and increased to 22.7% of patients after 12 months. Polyps first recurred in the area of the frontal sinus/ostium (55%) followed by the ethmoids (38%). Asthma and aspirin sensitivity were the most important variables affecting recurrence (hazard ratios, 1.71, 1.79, respectively; P < .05) The Draf 3 procedure was a significant factor in reducing recurrence, especially in asthma and aspirin intolerant patients. The overall revision rate was 18% (follow‐up duration >12 months, median = 29 months), with a 37% revision rate in the FESS group versus 7% in the Draf 3 group (P < .001). Survival analysis showed that the Draf 3 significantly reduced the risk of revision (hazard ratio = 0.258, P = .0026).Conclusions:Nasal polyposis is characterized by a high rate of recurrence. The presence of asthma or aspirin intolerance leads to more aggressive recurrence, and in these patients the Draf 3 drillout procedure becomes a good option for improved long‐term outcomes and reducing the need for revision surgery. Laryngoscope, 2013