bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RACK1 links phyB and BES1 to coordinate brassinosteroid‐dependent root meristem development
Authors: Zhu Wei , Fu Yajuan , Zhou Hua , Zhou Yeling , Zhang Dayan , Wang Yuzhu , Su Yujing , Li Zhiyong , Liang Jiansheng 
Published: August 2024

Summary

Light and brassinosteroids (BR) are indispensable for plant growth and control cell division in the apical meristem. However, how external light signals cooperate with internal brassinosteroids to program root meristem development remains elusive.

We reveal that the photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB) guides the scaffold protein RACK1 to coordinate BR signaling for maintaining root meristematic activity. phyB and RACK1 promote early root meristem development.

Mechanistically, RACK1 could reinforce the phyB–SPA1 association by interacting with both phyB and SPA1, which indirectly affects COP1‐dependent RACK1 degradation, resulting in the accumulation of RACK1 in roots. Subsequently, RACK1 interacts with BES1 to repress its DNA‐binding activity toward the target gene CYCD3;1, leading to the release of BES1‐mediated inhibition of CYCD3;1 transcription, and hence the promotion of root meristem development.

Our study provides mechanistic insights into the regulation of root meristem development by combination of light and phytohormones signals through the photoreceptors and scaffold proteins.
Glycated hemoglobin, type 2 diabetes, and poor diabetes control are positively associated with impulsivity changes in aged individuals with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Gómez‐Martínez Carlos , Babio Nancy , Camacho‐Barcia Lucía , Júlvez Jordi , Nishi Stephanie K. , Vázquez Zenaida , Forcano Laura , Álvarez‐Sala Andrea , Cuenca‐Royo Aida , de la Torre Rafael , Fanlo‐Maresma Marta , Tello Susanna , Corella Dolores , Vásquez Alejandro Arias , Dalsgaard Søren , Franke Barbara , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando , Salas‐Salvadó Jordi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImpulsivity has been proposed to have an impact on glycemic dysregulation. However, it remains uncertain whether an unfavorable glycemic status could also contribute to an increase in impulsivity levels. This study aims to analyze associations of baseline and time‐varying glycemic status with 3‐year time‐varying impulsivity in older adults at high risk of cardiovascular disease. A 3‐year prospective cohort design was conducted within the PREDIMED‐Plus‐Cognition substudy. The total population includes 487 participants (mean age = 65.2 years; female = 50.5%) with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and type 2 diabetes control were evaluated. Impulsivity was measured using the Impulsive Behavior Scale questionnaire and various cognitive measurements. Impulsivity z‐scores were generated to obtain Global, Trait, and Behavioral Impulsivity domains. Linear mixed models were used to study the longitudinal associations across baseline, 1‐year, and 3‐year follow‐up visits. HOMA‐IR was not significantly related to impulsivity. Participants with higher HbA1c levels, type 2 diabetes, and poor control of diabetes showed positive associations with the Global Impulsivity domain over time, and those with higher HbA1c levels were further related to increases in the Trait and Behavioral Impulsivity domains over the follow‐up visits. These results suggest a potential positive feedback loop between impulsivity and glycemic‐related dysregulation.
Sunscreens prescribed to patients with skin of color and/or with melasma: A survey of 221 dermatologists and dermatology residents in Spain
Authors: Morgado‐Carrasco Daniel , Delgado Jesús , Prudkin‐Silva Ludmila , Santamaria Júlia , Piquero‐Casals Jaime 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundDark‐skinned individuals (DSI) present high rates of melasma and post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation. The use of sunscreens with mineral filters is essential for prevention and treatment. Our objective was to determine the preferences of dermatologists and dermatology residents in the prescription of sunscreens for DSI.MethodsAn anonymous survey of attendees at an online photoprotection event held on March 31, 2022, in Spain.ResultsThe survey was answered by 66.6% (221/332) of the attendees: 159 dermatologists (71.9%) and 62 dermatology residents (28.1%). Respondents reported recommending the use of sunscreen to a median of 80% of DSI [interquartile range (IQR), 50–90]. Physicians reported prescribing tinted sunscreens to a median percentage of 60% (IQR, 25–90) of DSI with acne; and to a median percentage of 90% (IQR, 58–99) of DSI with melasma. The most prescribed photoprotectors to DSI with melasma were organic broad‐spectrum sunscreens with antioxidants: 102/220 (46.4%) and mineral broad‐spectrum sunscreens (with iron oxides): 45/220 (20.4%). In DSI with melasma or other pigmentary disorders, the most preferred features of sunscreens were as follows: sun protection factor ≥ 30: 217/221 (98.2%), UVA protection: 214/221 (96.8%), color for camouflage: 150/220 (68.2%) and mineral filters such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide: 151/220 (68.6%) or iron oxides: 131/220 (59.5%).LimitationsOnline survey, potential inclusion bias.ConclusionsRespondents reported to prescribe sunscreens to the majority of DSI, and tinted sunscreens for the majority of DSI with pigmentary disorders. However, the most frequently recommended sunscreens for DSI were organic broad‐spectrum sunscreens with antioxidants.
Reproductive outcomes in Holstein heifers synchronized with timed‐AI protocols that provide for a lengthened proestrus
Authors: Dirandeh E. , Khaninezhad S. , Ansari‐Pirsaraei Z. , Rezaei Arman , Colazo M. G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study compared reproductive outcomes among two protocols for synchronization of ovulation that provide for a lengthened proestrus with the conventional oestradiol‐based protocol currently used for timed‐AI (TAI). Holstein heifers (13–15 months) at one location were assigned randomly to one of three TAI protocols. Heifers (n = 150) in the 7‐day oestradiol benzoate (EB) group received a progesterone device (Cue‐Mate) and 2 mg EB on Day 0; 500 μg of cloprostenol (PGF) and Cue‐Mate removal on Day 7; 1 mg of EB on Day 8 and TAI on Day 9 (54 h after Cue‐Mate removal). Heifers (n = 150) in the 5‐day CO‐Synch (CO) group received a Cue‐Mate and 100 μg of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) on Day 2; Cue‐Mate removal and PGF (twice, 12 h apart) on Day 7; and GnRH along with TAI on Day 10 (72 h after Cue‐Mate removal). Heifers (n = 150) in the J‐Synch (JS) group received a Cue‐Mate and 2 mg of EB on Day 1; PGF and Cue‐Mate removal on Day 7; GnRH and TAI on Day 10 (72 h after Cue‐Mate removal). Heifers were inseminated by one technician with frozen–thawed conventional semen from one of four commercially available sires. Plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations (ng/mL) were determined at Cue‐Mate removal and TAI. Ovarian ultrasonography was done in a subset of 217 heifers at the initiation of protocols, at Cue‐Mate removal; TAI; and 7 days after TAI. Approximately, 28 and 50 days after TAI pregnancy status was determined by ultrasonography. Mean (±SEM) plasma P4 concentration at Cue‐Mate removal was greater (p < .01) in CO (6.02 ± 0.2) and JS (6.51 ± 0.2) compared to EB heifers (4.53 ± 0.2). Mean (±SEM) plasma P4 concentration at TAI was lowest in the JS (0.28 ± 0.05), intermediate in CO (0.46 ± 0.02), and greatest in EB heifers (0.66 ± 0.05, p < .01). The diameter of the ovulatory follicle (mean ± SEM) was the smallest in the JS group compared to that in the CO and EB groups (15.8 ± 0.5; 13.9 ± 0.5; and 12.7 ± 0.5 mm for EB, CO and JS, respectively). More (p < .01) heifers in the JS group had their oestrous cycle synchronized (50.0, 78.8 and 82.4% for EB, CO and JS groups), and were pregnant at 28 (40.3, 51.3 and 63.3% for EB, CO and JS groups) and 50 days after TAI (32.6, 46.0 and 60.0% for EB, CO and JS groups). In summary, heifers subjected to the J‐Synch TAI protocol had lower P4 at TAI, and better overall response to hormonal treatments, which resulted in increased P/AI at 28 and 50 days after TAI compared to those heifers subjected to either a 7‐day EB protocol or a 5‐day CO‐synch protocol.
Materialistic happiness is negatively associated with meaning in life: A serial double mediation model
Authors: Lo On‐Ting , Cheung Sing‐Hang , Lai Veronica K. W. 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundMaterialism refers to values that equate materialistic possessions with happiness and success. Gathering materialistic possessions is also central to materialists' life. Extant research has widely shown that materialism is detrimental to people's well‐being, but its influences on meaning in life are less clear. In this article, we address two principal research questions within the framework of self‐determination theory: First, we explore the association between varying dimensions of materialism and the perceived meaning in life; second, we investigate the factors that mediate the relationship between materialistic values and meaning in life.MethodsTwo cross‐sectional online survey studies (Study 1: 190 Chinese participants; Study 2: 767 participants [mainly Caucasians] from Prolific) were conducted to test a hypothesized serial double mediation model, in which basic psychological needs satisfaction and subjective well‐being were the two serial factors mediating the materialistic happiness to meaning in life relationship.ResultsAmong the three materialism values, only materialistic happiness was negatively associated with meaning in life. Basic psychological needs satisfaction and subjective well‐being serially mediated the relationship. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
Mapping, geography
Authors: Legg Stephen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis Themed Intervention consists of short papers written by nine plenary speakers at the 2024 Annual Conference of the Royal Geographical Society with the Institute of British Geographers plus a paper by the Society's Cartographic Collections Manager. In this introduction, I explain why I chose mapping as the conference Chair's theme. I give a sense of how the relationship between geography and mapping has been addressed through previous conference addresses and themes. I then explore three types of cartographic genealogies. The first shows how histories of cartography traditionally took the form of family trees. The second explores disjunctures between previous phases of cartography and brings us to current definitions of mapping. The third genealogy is that of previously subjugated forms of mapping knowledge and practice which are now defining features of the field (critical quantitative; empire, race, and Indigenous; counter‐; representational and more‐than‐representational).
Use of a new aiming compression device and technique for the repair of navicular bone fractures in horses: A cadaveric study
Authors: Pudert Tanja , Fries Giuletta Felicia , Lotz Hannah , Röcken Michael , Cruz Antonio M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the use of a newly developed aiming compression device (ACD) for screw insertion in non‐fractured navicular bones (NB) in cadavers.Study designCadaveric study.Sample populationA total of 10 cadaveric front limbs of adult horses.MethodsPlacement of a 3.5 mm cortical screw in non‐fractured NB under radiographic guidance was performed in 10 cadaver limbs in a standing position. An ACD was used to stabilize the NB and to guide the drilling process. Preparation and surgical time as well as the number of radiographic images were noted. A postoperative scoring system was used to assess screw placement by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and gross examination by two evaluators.ResultsThe total procedure time was 25–62 min (median 33.5). During the procedure, 11–21 radiographs (median 18.5) were taken. The postoperative gross examination revealed an excellent screw placement in nine NB and poor in one. This could not be reliably assessed with post‐procedure CBCT.ConclusionThe described technique achieves an excellent screw placement in 9/10 bones without disrupting the articular or flexural surface of the NB and with no protrusion of the screw head or tip, in a median procedure time of under 35 min.Clinical significanceAdequate screw placement is paramount for NB fracture repair. The described approach under radiographic guidance allows adequate screw placement using the ACD to stabilize the NB by lateral to medial compression. This technique facilitates adequate screw placement within the NB without the use of advanced imaging techniques.
Robust Design for Product Adaptation Considering Changes in Configurations and Parameters
Authors: Deabae Reza , Xue Deyi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Adaptable products are designed such that their configurations and parameters can be changed easily in the operation stage to satisfy changes in functional requirements. Design of adaptable products can extend lifespans of these products. A new robust adaptable product design method is introduced in this research to identify the optimal design including the product configurations and parameter values considering uncertainties in both product configurations and parameters. In this work, an AND-OR tree is used to model feasible design candidates and their configurations considering product adaptations, where each node represents a partial design solution. Different design candidates are created from the AND-OR tree through tree-based search, and a design candidate is defined by configurations of the original design and the adapted designs. Each configuration is further defined by parameters. A multi-level optimization method is used to obtain the optimal adaptable product design including its configurations and parameter values of these configurations. In this study, uncertainties of configurations are defined by probabilities for production adaptations, while uncertainties of parameters are defined by variations of parameter values. Both evaluation measures and their variations are considered in this robust adaptable product design method. A case study has been implemented to show how the developed method is used for the design of an adaptable mechanical system.
Two new species of Clathrosperchon (Hydrachnidia: Rhynchohydracaridae), and phylogenetic placement of Rhynchohydracaridae
Authors: Ribeiro Dante Batista , Geremias Dos Santos Costa Samuel , Simões de Castro Luiz Alexandre , Rogério Pepato Almir 
Published: August 2024

Two new Clathrosperchon (Rhynchohydracaridae: Hydryphantoidea) species were described (Clathrosperchon nunesae sp. nov. and C. bitucai sp. nov.) and tabular and dichotoumous keys to the known Clathrosperchon species based on adults are provided. In addition, the phylogenetic placement of Rhynchohydracaridae was inferred using five molecular markers: COI, 18S, 28S, HSP70 and SRP54, testing previous hypothesis that the family may be more closely related to Neohydrachnidia than Hydryphantoidea due to larval characters. Our results recovered Rhynchohydracaridae nested among Lebertioidea, as sister group to Limnesiidae, and the traditional composition of Hydryphantoidea and Lebertioidea could be rejected based on AU-test. Given the larval characters and the recovered phylogenetic placement of the family, we propose that Rhynchohydracaridae must be included in Neohydrachnidia. This paper represents the first record of Hydrachnidia for the Minas Gerais State, Brazil, and is also the largest dataset of neotropical water mites included in a phylogenetic inference to date.
Barriers and Facilitators for Physical Activity Among Children and Youth With Autism—A Scoping Review
Authors: Okkenhaug Ingrid , Jensen Magnus Rom , Solhaug Solvor 
Published: August 2024

Background: The purpose of this scoping review was to systematically synthesize barriers and facilitators for physical activity (PA) among children and youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) across the socioecological model. Methods: Five electronic databases were searched in March 2022 for studies examining barriers and facilitators for PA among children and youth with ASD. An updated search was performed in April 2024. The framework synthesis method was utilized, and the socioecological model was the chosen framework. Results: Fifty-four studies published from 2008 to 2024 were included. Among the included studies, 57% included the perspectives of children and youth with ASD alone or together with proxies (eg, parents, teachers, and coaches), while 43% included only the perspectives of proxies. Barriers and facilitators on the intrapersonal and interpersonal levels were most substantial. The analysis led to 2 main categories of barriers and facilitators, those unique to children and youth with ASD, and those similar to what had been identified through research on children and youth, both typically developing and with other disabilities. Conclusions: This comprehensive scoping review shows the complexity of factors contributing to barriers and facilitators for PA among children and youth with ASD, and highlights both the factors unique to this population and more general factors affecting PA participation. The findings from this synthesis might be used to guide the development of inclusive PA in physical education, organized sports, and other community PA arenas.
Biogeographic patterns and community assembly mechanisms of bacterial community in the upper seawater of seamounts and non-seamounts in the Eastern Indian Ocean
Authors: Jiao Yaqian , Yang Shanshan , Bao Wenya 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Seamounts are widespread underwater topographic features in the ocean that exert an influential role in shaping the microbial biogeographic distribution. Nevertheless, research on the differences in microbial biogeographic distribution between seamount and non-seamount upper water column is still lacking, particularly in the Indian Ocean where studies are limited. In the present study, a total of 45 seawater samples were collected from the water column (5–200 m) of seamounts (HS) and non-seamounts (E87 transect) regions in the Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) for the analysis of microbial biogeographic patterns and community assembly processes. The results indicated that bacterial community diversity did not differ significantly between the HS and E87 transect regions; however, the community composition was significantly different. Additionally, bacterial community diversity, composition, as well as structure were more affected by depth than by region. Community diversity tended to increase with depth in E87 transect region, while it tended to decrease in HS region. A distance decay analysis also demonstrated that bacterial communities were more influenced by environmental and depth distances than geographic distances. In the assembly of bacterial communities on HS and E87 transect regions, as well as at different depths, stochastic processes, particularly dispersal limitation, were found to be predominant. These findings enhance our comprehension of bacterial community characteristics in the upper seawater of seamounts and non-seamounts regions in the EIO and offer insights into the assembly processes shaping microbial communities at varying depths.

IMPORTANCE
By comparing the bacterial diversity, composition, and structure in the upper seawater of seamount and non-seamount areas, we provide valuable insights into the influential role of seamounts in shaping microbial biogeography. The finding that the depth had a more significant impact on bacterial community characteristics than region underscores the importance of considering vertical stratification when examining microbial distributions. Moreover, the dominance of stochastic processes, particularly dispersal limitation, in governing community assembly across both seamount and non-seamount areas offers critical implications for the mechanisms underlying microbial biogeographic patterns in these dynamic ocean environments. This study expands the current knowledge and lays the groundwork for further investigations into the complex interactions between oceanographic features, environmental gradients, and microbial community dynamics in the Indian Ocean.
Protective innate immunity against
Pneumocystis
does not require Stat6-dependent macrophage polarization
Authors: Mousso T. , Pollock S. J. , Inzerillo P. C. , Gigliotti F. , Wright T. W. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Pneumocystis
species are respiratory fungal pathogens that cause life-threatening opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts.
Pneumocystis
typically evade pulmonary innate immunity but are efficiently eradicated by a functional adaptive immune response. FVB/NJ mice are unique in that they display protective alveolar macrophage-dependent innate immunity against
Pneumocystis
, and remain resistant to infection even in the absence of CD4
+
T lymphocyte function. FVB/NJ alveolar macrophages (AMs) were found to display an M2-biased phenotype at baseline, which was potentiated after stimulation with
Pneumocystis
, suggesting that macrophage polarization may dictate the outcome of the
Pneumocystis
–macrophage interaction. To determine whether Stat6, a key global regulator of M2 polarization, was required for FVB/NJ innate immunity, FVB Stat6
–/–
mice were generated. FVB Stat6-deficient AMs were markedly impaired in their ability to polarize to an M2 phenotype when stimulated with Th2 cytokines. However, FVB Stat6
–/–
mice remained highly resistant to infection, indicating that Stat6 signaling is dispensable for innate FVB/NJ resistance. Despite the loss of Stat6 signaling, primary AMs from FVB Stat6
–/–
mice maintained baseline expression of M2 markers, and also strongly upregulated M2-associated genes following direct stimulation with
Pneumocystis
. Additional FVB/NJ knockout strains were generated, but only FVB MerTK
–/–
mice showed a marginally increased susceptibility to
Pneumocystis
infection. Together, these findings demonstrate that effective FVB/NJ innate immunity against
Pneumocystis
does not require Stat6 signaling and suggest that alternative pathways regulate M2 bias and macrophage-mediated innate resistance in FVB/NJ mice.
Evaluation of a point-of-care rapid HIV antibody test with insights into acute HIV symptomatology in a population with low prevalence
Authors: Bui Tina I. , Farnsworth Christopher W. , Anderson Neil W. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Many emergency departments (ED) use rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody tests as screening tools, despite limited sensitivity for detecting acute HIV infections. In a 4-year retrospective analysis of 1,192 patients, we evaluated the performance of a third-generation rapid HIV antibody assay tested at point-of-care (POC, Chembio Sure Check HIV 1/2) against in-lab fourth-generation screening (Abbott Architect Ag/Ab Combo). Compared to complete algorithmic testing, the POC test demonstrated a 92.5% sensitivity (95% CI = 84.6–96.5), 98.1% specificity (95% CI = 97.1–98.8), 99.5% negative predictive value (NPV; 95% CI = 98.8–99.8), and a 77.9% positive predictive value (PPV; 95% CI = 68.6–85.1). Notably, the POC test failed to detect 100% (3/3) of acute HIV infections (defined as Fiebig stage 2) and 3.8% (2/52) established HIV infections, where viral loads were 5.9, 6.7, and >7 log
10
copies/mL. Symptoms such as fever, nausea/vomiting, malaise, headache, and photophobia were significantly associated with acute HIV infections diagnosed in the ED. The rapid HIV antibody test demonstrated high sensitivity, specificity, and NPV in our study population, reaffirming its effectiveness as a valuable screening tool. However, the low PPV and 100% failure to detect acute HIV infections underscore the importance of prioritizing in-lab fourth-generation HIV antigen/antibody combination immunoassays in cases of suspected acute HIV infection to ensure a timely and accurate diagnosis.