bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodological considerations in assessing the effectiveness of antidepressant medication continuation during pregnancy using administrative data
Authors: Swanson Sonja A. , Hernandez‐Diaz Sonia , Palmsten Kristin , Mogun Helen , Olfson Mark , Huybrechts Krista F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeThe decision whether to continue antidepressant use for depression during pregnancy requires weighing maternal and child risks and benefits. Little is known about the effectiveness of antidepressant therapy during pregnancy. The goal of this study is to evaluate whether standard administrative claims data can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of antidepressants.MethodsUsing prescription and healthcare visit Medicaid claims (2000–2007), we identified 28 493 women with a depression diagnosis and antidepressant fill in the 90 days before their last menstrual period. Antidepressant continuation was defined based on prescription fills during the first trimester. Depression hospitalizations and deliberate self‐harm served as measures of the effectiveness of treatment continuation during pregnancy. Propensity score and instrumental variable analyses were used to attempt to account for confounding.ResultsRelative to women who discontinued antidepressant therapy, women who continued were more likely to have a depression inpatient stay (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 2.0–2.4) and deliberate self‐harm code (OR = 1.4, 95%CI: 0.7–2.7). Accounting for measured covariates in the propensity score analysis, including age, race, comorbidities, comedications, features of the depression diagnosis, and antidepressant class, led to slightly attenuated estimates (OR = 2.0, 95%CI: 1.8–2.2; OR = 1.1, 95%CI: 0.5–2.4). Similar associations were estimated in subgroups with different levels of baseline depression severity. Proposed preference‐time, calendar‐time‐based, and geography‐based instruments were unlikely to meet the required conditions for a valid analysis.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that either antidepressant medications do not reduce the risk of depression relapse in pregnant women, or that administrative data alone could not be used to validly estimate the effectiveness of psychotropic medications during pregnancy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management of Drug Interaction between Posaconazole and Sirolimus in Patients Who Undergo Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
Authors: Cho Eunah , Chan Holly , Nguyen Huan (Mark) , Shayani Sepideh , Nakamura Ryotaro , Pon Doreen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStudy ObjectiveTo determine an appropriate empiric oral sirolimus dose adjustment when given concurrently with posaconazole oral suspension in patients who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingComprehensive cancer center in the United States.SubjectsSeventy five allogeneic HSCT patients who received posaconazole oral suspension and oral sirolimus concurrently between 2009 and 2011.Measurements and Main ResultsSirolimus concentrations were recorded at baseline and for up to 28 days after posaconazole initiation. The sirolimus concentration/dose (C/D) ratio was determined for each sirolimus concentration obtained. Following analysis of patient data and based on the initial empiric sirolimus dose reduction, patients were stratified into two groups: ≥50% sirolimus dose reduction (Group 1) and <50% sirolimus dose reduction (Group 2). The mean sirolimus C/D ratio was 2.29 ng/mL/mg prior to posaconzole initiation. Coadministration of posaconazole and sirolimus resulted in an increase in the steady state sirolimus C/D ratio to 6.24 ng/mL/mg, which occurred approximately 17–20 days after initiation of posaconazole. The mean maximum sirolimus concentration was significantly higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1 (12.64 ng/mL vs. 9.24 ng/mL, p=0.001). Significantly more patients in Group 2 than Group 1 experienced at least one sirolimus concentration >15 ng/mL (27% vs. 2.6%, p=0.003).ConclusionCoadministration of posaconazole oral suspension with oral sirolimus increases the sirolimus C/D ratio by approximately 2.7‐fold in HSCT patients. An initial empiric oral sirolimus dose reduction between 50% and 65% may be recommended for most clinically stable patients with close sirolimus concentration monitoring for at least 3 weeks following posaconazole initiation.
The balance of clinician and patient input into treatment decision‐making in older women with operable breast cancer
Authors: Morgan Jenna L. , Burton Maria , Collins Karen , Lifford Kate J. , Robinson Thompson G. , Cheung Kwok‐Leung , Audisio Riccardo , Reed Malcolm W. , Wyld Lynda ,   on behalf of the Bridging the Age Gap Trial Management Team
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectivePrimary endocrine therapy (PET) is an alternative to surgery for oestrogen receptor positive operable breast cancer in some older women. However the decision to offer PET involves complex trade‐offs and is influenced by both patient choice and healthcare professional (HCP) preference. This study aimed to compare the views of patients and HCPs about this decision and explore decision‐making (DM) preferences and whether these are taken into account during consultations.MethodsThis multicentre, UK, mixed methods study had three components: (a) questionnaires to older women undergoing counseling about breast cancer treatment options which assessed their DM preferences and realities; (b) qualitative interviews with older women with operable breast cancer offered a choice of either surgery or PET and (c) qualitative interviews with HCPs (both of which focused on DM preferences in this setting).ResultsThirty‐three patients and 34 HCPs were interviewed. A range of opinions about patient involvement in DM were identified. Patients indicated varying preferences for DM involvement which were variably taken into account by HCPs. These qualitative findings were broadly supported by the questionnaire results. Most patients (536/729; 73.5%) achieved their preferred DM style; however, the remainder felt that their DM preferences had not been taken into consideration.ConclusionsThese results suggest that whilst many older women achieve their desired level of DM engagement, some do not, raising the possibility that they may be making choices which are not concordant with their treatment preferences. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does time heal all wounds? A longitudinal study of the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms in parents of survivors of childhood cancer and bereaved parents
Authors: Ljungman Lisa , Hovén Emma , Ljungman Gustaf , Cernvall Martin , von Essen Louise 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundA lack of longitudinal studies has hampered the understanding of the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in parents of children diagnosed with cancer. This study examines level of PTSS and prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from shortly after diagnosis up to 5 years after end of treatment or child's death, in mothers and fathers.MethodsA design with seven assessments (T1–T7) was used. T1–T3 were administered during treatment and T4–T7 after end of treatment or child's death. Parents (N = 259 at T1; n = 169 at T7) completed the PTSD Checklist Civilian Version. Latent growth curve modeling was used to analyze the development of PTSS.ResultsA consistent decline in PTSS occurred during the first months after diagnosis; thereafter the decline abated, and from 3 months after end of treatment only minimal decline occurred. Five years after end of treatment, 19% of mothers and 8% of fathers of survivors reported partial PTSD. Among bereaved parents, corresponding figures were 20% for mothers and 35% for fathers, 5 years after the child's death.ConclusionsFrom 3 months after end of treatment the level of PTSS is stable. Mothers and bereaved parents are at particular risk for PTSD. The results are the first to describe the development of PTSS in parents of children diagnosed with cancer, illustrate that end of treatment is a period of vulnerability, and that a subgroup reports PTSD 5 years after end of treatment or child's death. © 2015 The Authors. Psycho‐Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Family caregiver communication in oncology: advancing a typology
Authors: Goldsmith Joy , Wittenberg Elaine , Platt Christine Small , Iannarino Nicholas T. , Reno Jenna 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe quality of communication between the patient and family caregiver impacts quality of life and well‐being for the two; however, providers have few tools to understand communication patterns and assess the communication needs and preferences of caregivers. The aims of this study were to examine family communication patterns among oncology patients and their caregivers and to identify common characteristics among four different types of family caregivers.MethodsNurses recruited oncology patient–caregiver dyads through a large cancer treatment center in the Southeast. Patients and caregivers were separated from one another and interviewed during chemotherapeutic infusions. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded, and thematized.ResultsA sample of 24 patients and their caregivers (n = 48) were interviewed. The majority of dyads (21, 88%) shared the same family communication pattern. Common caregiver communication features support previous work identifying four caregiver communication types: Manager, Carrier, Partner, and Lone caregivers. Manager caregivers lead patients by utilizing extensive medical knowledge, whereas Carrier caregivers were led by patients and described tireless acts to maintain the family and avoid difficult conversations. Partner caregivers facilitated family involvement and open communication on a variety of topics, while Lone caregivers focused solely on biomedical matters and a hope for cure.ConclusionsCaregiver communication types were corroborated by patient–caregiver descriptions of caregiving. However, more information is needed to ascertain the variables associated with each caregiver type. Future work to improve identification of caregiver types and create targeted caregiver care plans will require further study of health literacy levels and tested communication interventions per type. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence and risk factors for psychiatric comorbidity among people newly diagnosed with cancer based on Korean national registry data
Authors: Lee Byung Ook , Choi Won‐Jung , Sung Na Young , Lee Seon‐Koo , Lee Chong Gul , Kang Jee In 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe present study investigates the incidence of psychiatric disorders, related risk factors, and the use of mental health services among people newly diagnosed with one of five major cancers (stomach, liver, colorectal, lung, and breast cancer) based on national registry data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) in the Korean population.MethodsWe collected data on people newly diagnosed with one of the five major cancers between 2005 and 2008 using the nationwide claims data and cancer registration files of the NHIS. We analyzed the data of those diagnosed with psychiatric disorders over a 5‐year period, from 2004 to 2009.ResultsAmong 302 844 people with newly diagnosed cancer, we identified 31 579 patients (10.43%) who were also newly diagnosed with psychiatric disorders after their cancer diagnosis. Among psychiatric diagnoses, anxiety disorders and depression showed the highest incidences of 18.13 and 13.16 per 1000 person‐years, respectively. Among major cancers, patients with lung cancer showed the highest incidence of psychiatric disorders. Older age and female gender were shown to be risk factors associated with psychiatric comorbidity, and no significant differences were found for region of residence.ConclusionThe present study showed a low incidence of psychiatric comorbidity and suggests that psychiatric disorders in cancer patients tend to be underrecognized in actual clinical practice. Greater risk for psychiatric comorbidity was associated with lung cancer, older age, and female gender. The present findings provide important information for establishing national policies to detect and manage mental health problems during cancer care.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Political ecology of water conflicts
Authors: Rodríguez‐Labajos Beatriz , Martínez‐Alier Joan 
Published: June 2015

This article reviews methodologies, types, and political implications of water conflicts from a political ecology perspective. The political ecology of water studies the conflicts on water use, whether as an input or as a vehicle for waste disposal. Both the quantity and the quality of water are relevant for conflicts on water as a commodity and also indirectly in conflicts on water from oil and gas extraction, mining, or biomass production. This study provides an overview and classification of water conflicts, showing how social movements born from such conflicts are creatively generating new modalities of water management and governance in the process. To this end, this article first examines methodological approaches for the analysis of water conflicts and water justice. Then, a taxonomy of water conflicts based on the stages of the commodity chain is presented and discussed. Afterward, empirical evidence is collected showing how social mobilizations in water conflicts become effective providers of management alternatives and governance modalities. Water justice movements and organizations have formed networks, have proposed new principles of water management, and have not only been active in the promotion of the human right to water but also in the recognition of water, along with other elements of nature, as a subject of rights. WIREs Water 2015, 2:537–558. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1092This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Human Water > Rights to Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Climate change and the ethics of discounting
Authors: Davidson Marc D. 
Published: June 2015

Climate policy‐making requires a balancing, however rudimentary, of the costs of reducing greenhouse gas emissions against the benefits of reduced risks of climate change. Since those creating and those facing the risks of climate change belong to different generations, striking the balance is preeminently a matter of ethics. In climate policy‐making, this issue of intergenerational ethics is hidden behind the choice of thediscount rate, a parameter used in economic analysis to compare changes in consumption occurring in different years. There is a long‐standing debate in ethics and economics as to whether discounting the future is morally justifiable. Some economists have argued that the future should always be discounted against the marginal rate of return on alternative investments, whether for reasons of efficiency, or for reasons of consumer sovereignty and democracy. Other authors, however, have argued against this position, instead proposing discount rates based on a variety of moral principles. Although these counterarguments may be convincing, the debate between the two positions is far from settled. Neither has the debate been settled as to which moral theory the discount rate should be based on. This is hardly surprising, though, given the fact that within ethics itself, the debate over the various moral principles is still ongoing.WIREs Clim Change2015, 6:401–412. doi: 10.1002/wcc.347This article is categorized under:Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Ethics and Climate Change
YNL134C from Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a novel protein with aldehyde reductase activity for detoxification of furfural derived from lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Zhao Xianxian , Tang Juan , Wang Xu , Yang Ruoheng , Zhang Xiaoping , Gu Yunfu , Li Xi , Ma Menggen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFurfural and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are the two main aldehyde compounds derived from pentoses and hexoses, respectively, during lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment. These two compounds inhibit microbial growth and interfere with subsequent alcohol fermentation. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has the in situ ability to detoxify furfural and HMF to the less toxic 2‐furanmethanol (FM) and furan‐2,5‐dimethanol (FDM), respectively. Herein, we report that an uncharacterized gene, YNL134C, was highly up‐regulated under furfural or HMF stress and Yap1p and Msn2/4p transcription factors likely controlled its up‐regulated expression. Enzyme activity assays showed that YNL134C is an NADH‐dependent aldehyde reductase, which plays a role in detoxification of furfural to FM. However, no NADH‐ or NADPH‐dependent enzyme activity was observed for detoxification of HMF to FDM. This enzyme did not catalyse the reverse reaction of FM to furfural or FDM to HMF. Further studies showed that YNL134C is a broad‐substrate aldehyde reductase, which can reduce multiple aldehydes to their corresponding alcohols. Although YNL134C is grouped into the quinone oxidoreductase family, no quinone reductase activity was observed using 1,2‐naphthoquinone or 9,10‐phenanthrenequinone as a substrate, and phylogenetic analysis indicates that it is genetically distant to quinone reductases. Proteins similar to YNL134C in sequence from S. cerevisiae and other microorganisms were phylogenetically analysed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Puromycin‐ and methotrexate‐resistance cassettes and optimized Cre‐recombinase expression plasmids for use in yeast
Authors: MacDonald Chris , Piper Robert C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHere we expand the set of tools for genetically manipulating Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show that puromycin‐resistance can be achieved in yeast through expression of a bacterial puromycin‐resistance gene optimized to the yeast codon bias, which in turn serves as an easy‐to‐use dominant genetic marker suitable for gene disruption. We have constructed a similar DNA cassette expressing yeast codon‐optimized mutant human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), which confers resistance to methotrexate and can also be used as a dominant selectable marker. Both of these drug‐resistant marker cassettes are flanked by loxP sites, allowing for their excision from the genome following expression of Cre‐recombinase. Finally, we have created a series of plasmids for low‐level constitutive expression of Cre‐recombinase in yeast that allows for efficient excision of loxP‐flanked markers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conflicting intersexual mate choices maintain interspecific sexual interactions
Authors: Takakura Koh‐Ichi , Nishida Takayoshi , Iwao Keisuke 
Published: June 2015

AbstractReproductive interference, interspecific sexual interactions that affect reproductive success, is found in various taxa and has been considered as a fundamental source of reproductive character displacement (RCD). Once RCD has occurred, persistent interspecific sexual interactions between species pairs are expected to diminish. However, reproductive interference has been reported from some species pairs that sympatrically coexist. Thus, the question arises, can reproductive interference persist even after RCD? We modeled the evolutionary dynamics of signal traits and mate recognition that determine whether interspecific sexual interactions occur. Our models incorporate male decision making based on the recognition of signal traits, whereas most previous models incorporate only female decision making in mate selection. Our models predict the following: (1) even when male decision making is incorporated, males remain promiscuous; (2) nevertheless, the frequency of interspecific mating is maintained at a low level after trait divergence; (3) the rarity of interspecific mating is due to strict female mate recognition and the consequent refusal of interspecific courtship by females; and (4) the frequency of interspecific mating becomes higher as the cost to females of refusing interspecific courtship increases. These predictions are consistent with empirical observations that males of some species engage in infrequent heterospecific mating. Thus, our models predict that reproductive interference can persist even after RCD occurred.
Trophic level, food chain length and omnivory in the Paraná River: a food web model approach in a floodplain river system
Authors: Saigo M. , Zilli F. L. , Marchese M. R. , Demonte D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTo determine the mean trophic level and food chain length and to quantify omnivory in a floodplain lake of the Middle Paraná River, we constructed a food web model based on available data. Because proper selection of basal resources is essential, we performed stepwise model selection to decide which sources to include in the model. We estimated mean trophic level, food chain length and omnivory using a binary web (non‐weighted trophic links) and a weighted web (trophic links weighted using stable isotopes). Model selection excluded macrophytes as relevant resources for the food web of this floodplain lake. In general, trophic links were relatively even, leading to similar estimations of mean trophic level and omnivory in both binary and weighted webs. Food chain length, however, was higher for the binary web, which was caused by the strong link of top predators with lower‐trophic level prey in this ecosystem. Overall, the estimate of food chain length in the Paraná River was not particularly high, despite the high productivity and size of this ecosystem. We suggest that the periodical hydrological fluctuations of large rivers could be a major factor precluding the occurrence of long food chains.
Synthesis, Structure Characterization and Biological Activity of Co (II), Cu (II), and Zn (II) Complexes with (Z)‐3‐((3‐hydroxybenzylidene)amino)pyridin‐1‐ium 4‐(dodecan‐4‐yl)benzenesulfonate Surfactant
Authors: Tawfik Salah M. , Zaky Mohamad F. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract(Z)‐3‐((3‐hydroxybenzylidene)amino)pyridin‐1‐ium4‐dodecylbenzenesulfonate anionic surfactant and its cobalt, copper and zinc complexes were synthesized (I, I‐Co, I‐Cu and I‐Zn). The chemical structures of it were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H‐NMR, UV–Vis spectroscopy and atomic adsorption. The effects of the chemical structures of the synthesized anionic surfactant and the type of transition metals on the surface activity are presented in this paper. The thermodynamic parameters show that adsorption and micellization processes are spontaneous. The results of biological activity measurements showed that the synthesized compounds have a great efficiency against gram positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), gram‐ negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) as well as the sulfate reducing bacteria (Desulfomonas pigra). The complexation of the anionic surfactant with Co2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ increase the antimicrobial activity values.
Shape of Long Chain Alkyl Sulfonate Micelle upon Salt Addition: a Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Poghosyan Armen H. , Arsenyan Levon H. , Shahinyan Aram A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHere we report a molecular dynamics simulation on the state of long chain alkyl sulfonate micelle which occurs in the presence of salt. We tracked the formation of a large micelle with a dumbbell‐like shape, which has hemispherical end caps with a large radius rather than the middle cylindrical body, where the shape bending angle was around 160o. The data from chain analysis indicate that the micelle hydrocarbon layer is covered with disordered tails. We also report micelle fission controlled by changes in salt concentration. Overall, the parameters obtained are compared with existing experimental findings.