bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal smoking patterns in survivors of childhood cancer: An update from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Gibson Todd M. , Liu Wei , Armstrong Gregory T. , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Hudson Melissa M. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Mertens Ann C. , Klesges Robert C. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Nathan Paul C. , Robison Leslie L. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDSurvivors of pediatric cancer have elevated risks of mortality and morbidity. Many late adverse effects associated with cancer treatment (eg, second cancers and cardiac and pulmonary disease) are also associated with cigarette smoking, and this suggests that survivors who smoke may be at high risk for these conditions.METHODSThis study examined the self‐reported smoking status for 9397 adult survivors of childhood cancer across 3 questionnaires (median time interval, 13 years). The smoking prevalence among survivors was compared with the smoking prevalence among siblings and the prevalence expected on the basis of age‐, sex‐, race‐, and calendar time–specific rates in the US population. Multivariable regression models examined characteristics associated with longitudinal smoking patterns across all 3 questionnaires.RESULTSAt the baseline, 19% of survivors were current smokers, whereas 24% of siblings were current smokers, and 29% were expected to be current smokers on the basis of US rates. Current smoking among survivors dropped to 16% and 14% on follow‐up questionnaires, with similar decreases in the sibling prevalence and the expected prevalence. Characteristics associated with consistent never‐smoking included a higher household income (relative risk [RR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08‐1.25), higher education (RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.22‐1.43), and receipt of cranial radiation therapy (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.14). Psychological distress (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80‐0.92) and heavy alcohol drinking (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.58‐0.71) were inversely associated. Among ever‐smokers, a higher income (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.32) and education (RR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.10‐1.38) were associated with quitting, whereas cranial radiation (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76‐0.97) and psychological distress (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.72‐0.90) were associated with not having quit. The development of adverse health conditions was not associated with smoking patterns.CONCLUSIONSDespite modest declines in smoking prevalence, the substantial number of consistent current smokers reinforces the need for continued development of effective smoking interventions for survivors. Cancer 2015;121:4035–4043. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Insular cortex activity and the evocation of laughter
Authors: Wattendorf Elise , Westermann Birgit , Lotze Martin , Fiedler Klaus , Celio Marco R. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe insular cortex is fundamentally involved in the processing of interoceptive information. It has been postulated that the integrative monitoring of the bodily responses to environmental stimuli is crucial for the recognition and experience of emotions. Because emotional arousal is known to be closely coupled to functions of the anterior insula, we suspected laughter to be associated primarily with neuronal activity in this region. An anatomically constrained re‐analysis of our imaging data pertaining to ticklish laughter, to inhibited ticklish laughter, and to voluntary laughter revealed regional differences in the levels of neuronal activity in the posterior and mid‐/anterior portions of the insula. Ticklish laughter was associated specifically with right ventral anterior insular activity, which was not detected under the other two conditions. Hence, apparently, only laughter that is evoked as an emotional response bears the signature of autonomic arousal in the insular cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1608–1615, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tuning of the Electronic Properties of Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons through Functionalization: Theoretical Study of 1Δg O2 Border Addition
Authors: Ghigo Giovanni , Maranzana Andrea , Tonachini Glauco 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe report the results of a DFT study of the border oxidation by 1Δg O2 of molecular models of armchair graphene nanoribbons (a‐GNRs). The aim of this work is to propose a new method, as an alternative or complementary method to the tuning of the size, to modify the electronic properties of a‐GNRs. Here, we investigate modification of the HOMO and LUMO energies, which are some of the most important parameters to be controlled in the design of organic electronic devices. We study the oxidation reaction mechanism of medium‐size polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, mimicking the stiffness and reactivity of a‐GNRs. Thermodynamics and kinetics indicate that the reaction should bring about a decoration of the borders with vicinal dialdehyde groups. We also study the effect of this oxidation on the HOMO and LUMO energies of two series of molecular models of a‐GNRs with increasing lengths. The results suggest that the oxidized a‐GNRs should present LUMO energies lowered by 0.3–0.5 eV with respect to the original material, whereas the HOMO energies are barely lowered.
Multiple myeloma: New surface antigens for the characterization of plasma cells in the era of novel agents
Authors: Muccio Vittorio Emanuele , Saraci Elona , Gilestro Milena , Gattei Valter , Zucchetto Antonella , Astolfi Monica , Ruggeri Marina , Marzanati Eleonora , Passera Roberto , Palumbo Antonio , Boccadoro Mario , Omedè Paola 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundMultiple Myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic disorder characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells (PCs). Flow cytometry is an essential tool to confirm diagnosis and evaluate minimal residual disease (MRD). This study aims at identifying new surface PC markers suitable for targeted therapy in MM and able to improve MRD detection.MethodsThe expression of 82 molecules provided by the “Ninth International Workshop on Leukocyte Antigens” was analyzed by flow cytometry in 5 MM cell lines and in 20 newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) patients. Based on the antigens expression and monoclonal antibody availability, CD150, CD48, CD229, CD352, CD319, CD272, CD86, CD200 and CD184 were subsequently tested in 24 NDMM, 8 relapsed MM (RMM), 6 plasma cell leukemia (PCL) and 13 healthy subjects.ResultsCD352 was less frequently expressed on NDMM than on healthy PCs; CD200 was more frequently expressed on NDMM than on RMM and healthy PCs. CD150, CD319, CD229, CD352 Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) was lower in pathological than in healthy samples. The proportion of CD150‐positive samples was lower in NDMM and RMM than in healthy subjects; CD86+ samples were less frequent in NDMM than in healthy subjects; CD200+ samples were more frequent in NDMM than in RMM and healthy subjects.ConclusionsCD150, CD86 and CD200 can help to identify malignant PCs; CD272, CD319, CD229, CD48 are highly expressed on all PCs and could be considered for targeted therapy. All these antigens could be added to a routine panel for PCs identification and MRD evaluation. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Asymmetric Oxidation Synthesis of Modafinil Acid by Use of a Recyclable Chiral‐at‐Metal Complex
Authors: Li Zheng‐Zheng , Yao Su‐Yang , Wen A‐Hao , Ye Bao‐Hui 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe enantioselective oxidation synthesis of chiral modafinil acid and its analogues with high enantiomeric excess has been developed by means of a chiral‐at‐metal strategy. Treatment of ruthenium complexes cis‐[Ru(bpy)2Cl2] or Δ/Λ‐[Ru(bpy)2(MeCN)2](PF6)2 (bpy is 2,2′‐bipyridine) with the appropriate prochiral thioether ligands afforded thioether complexes rac‐1, Δ/Λ‐1, rac‐2, Δ/Λ‐2, rac‐3, and Δ/Λ‐3. Diastereoselective oxidation of the thioether complexes in situ produced the corresponding sulfoxide complexes rac‐1a, Δ/Λ‐1a, rac‐2a, Δ/Λ‐2a, rac‐3a, and Δ/Λ‐3a. The configuration at the metal center in each case is stable during the coordination and oxidation reactions, and dictates the chirality of the sulfoxide ligand in the oxidation process. The chiral modafinil acids were obtained with ee values greater than 98 % upon their removal from the corresponding sulfoxide complexes in the presence of TFA/MeCN. Moreover, the chiral ruthenium precursors Δ/Λ‐[Ru(bpy)2(MeCN)2](PF6)2 are recyclable and reusable with complete retention of the configurations.
A Very Stable Nickel Broken‐Chain Complex with Isolated Ni–Ni Interactions
Authors: Wang Wen‐Zhen , Zhao Dan , Tsao Ting‐Bin , Ismayilov Rayyat , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Peng Shie‐Ming 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTwo defective nickel‐extended metal‐atom chain (EMAC) complexes were synthesized from a pyrazine‐ and naphthyridine‐containing ligand and structurally characterized. The chains consist of dinickel and trinickel units with one absent metal center, in spite of which the complexes are very stable. The magnetic interaction between the two terminal, high‐spin nickel atoms is very weak with a spin exchange of J = –0.62(3) cm–1. An electrochemical study on one of the defective nickel EMAC complexes showed high resistance to both oxidation and reduction, with one reduction at E1/2 = –0.76 V and no observable oxidation events in the range from –0.9 V to +1.20 V.
Recent Progress in the in situ Detrifluoro­acetylative Generation of Fluoro Enolates and Their Reactions with Electrophiles
Authors: Mei Haibo , Xie Chen , Aceña José Luis , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Röschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Han Jianlin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDetrifluoroacetylative generation of fluoro enolates is an emerging area of high‐impact research. In this review article we provide, for the first time, a comprehensive and critical treatment of this subject. The reaction types reported to date include Mannich, aldol, and Michael addition and halogenation reactions. These processes can be very successfully conducted in asymmetric fashion, in stoichiometric or catalytic mode. In general, these reactions allow for synthetically rather simple and practical installation of CF2, CHF, and quaternary CF structural units into various types of organic compounds. In particular, the overall scientific importance, as well as the potential influence of this methodology for the development of useful approaches to the preparation of pharmaceutically valuable compounds is highlighted. Attractive features such as operationally convenient, mild reaction conditions, remarkable substrate generality, and excellent stereochemical outcome bode well for widespread applications of this innovative and synthetically advanced approach.
Emergent geomorphic–vegetation interactions on a subalpine alluvial fan
Authors: Lane Stuart N. , Borgeaud Laure , Vittoz Pascal 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFollowing perturbation, an ecosystem (flora, fauna, soil) should evolve as a function of time at a rate conditioned by external variables (relief, climate, geology). More recently, biogeomorphologists have focused upon the notion of co‐development of geomorphic processes with ecosystems over very short through to very long (evolutionary) timescales. Alpine environments have been a particular focus of this co‐development. However, work in this field has tended to adopt a simplified view of the relationship between perturbation and succession, including: how the landform and ecosystem itself conditions the impact of a perturbation to create a complex spatial response impact; and how perturbations are not simply ecosystem destroyers but can be a significant source of ecosystem resources. What this means is that at the within landform scale, there may well be a complex and dynamic topographic and sedimentological template that co‐develops with soil, flora and fauna. Here, we present and test a conceptual model of this template for a subalpine alluvial fan. We combine detailed floristic inventory with soil inventory, determination of edaphic variables and analysis of historical aerial imagery. Spatial variation in the probability of perturbation of sites on the fan surface was associated with down fan variability in the across‐fan distribution of fan ages, fan surface channel characteristics and fan surface sedimentology. Floristic survey confirmed that these edaphic factors distinguished site floristic richness and plant communities up until the point that the soil–vegetation system was sufficiently developed to sustain plant communities regardless of edaphic conditions. Thus, the primary explanatory variable was the estimated age of each site, which could be tied back into perturbation history and its spatial expression due to the geometry of the fan: distinct plant communities were emergent both across fan and down fan, a distribution maintained by the way in which the fan dissipates potentially perturbing events. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of cognitive control and neurosensory deficits in mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Mayer Andrew R. , Hanlon Faith M. , Dodd Andrew B. , Ling Josef M. , Klimaj Stefan D. , Meier Timothy B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMild traumatic brain injury patients (mTBI) frequently report symptoms of increased distractability and sensory disturbances during mutisensory stimulation. These common post‐concussive symptoms could putatively result from dysfunction within the cognitive control network (CCN; top‐down) or from unisensory cortex (bottom‐up) itself. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and high‐resolution structural data were therefore prospectively collected during a multisensory (audio‐visual) cognitive control task from 46 mTBI patients within 3 weeks of injury and 46 matched healthy controls (HC), with a subset of participants returning at 4 months. Multisensory stimuli were presented at two frequencies to manipulate cognitive and perceptual load. Patients self‐reported more cognitive, emotional, somatic, vestibular and visual symptoms relative to HC, which improved, but did not entirely resolve, over the 4 month follow‐up period. There were no group differences in behavior or functional activation during cognitive control (incongruent – congruent trials). In contrast, patients exhibited abnormal activation within different regions of visual cortex that depended on whether attention was focused on auditory or visual information streams. Patients also exhibited increased activation within bilateral inferior parietal lobules during higher cognitive/perceptual loads, suggesting a compensatory mechanism to achieve similar levels of behavioral performance. Functional abnormalities within the visual cortex and inferior parietal lobules were only partially resolved at 4 months post‐injury, suggesting that neural abnormalities may take longer to resolve than behavioral measures used in most clinical settings. In summary, current results indicate that abnormalities within unisensory cortex (particularly visual areas) following mTBI, which likely contribute to deficits commonly reported during multisensory stimulation. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4394–4406, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impaired reward processing in the human prefrontal cortex distinguishes between persistent and remittent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Wetterling Friedrich , McCarthy Hazel , Tozzi Leonardo , Skokauskas Norbert , O'Doherty John P. , Mulligan Aisling , Meaney James , Fagan Andrew J. , Gill Michael , Frodl Thomas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSymptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children often persist into adulthood and can lead to severe antisocial behavior. However, to‐date it remains unclear whether neuro‐functional abnormalities cause ADHD, which in turn can then provide a marker of persistent ADHD. Using event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we measured blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal changes in subjects during a reversal learning task in which choice of the correct stimulus led to a probabilistically determined ‘monetary’ reward or punishment. Participants were diagnosed with ADHD during their childhood (N = 32) and were paired with age, gender, and education matched healthy controls (N = 32). Reassessment of the ADHD group as adults resulted in a split between either persistent (persisters, N = 17) or remitted ADHDs (remitters, N = 15). All three groups showed significantly decreased activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the left striatum during punished correct responses, however only remitters and controls presented significant psycho‐physiological interaction between these fronto‐striatal reward and outcome valence networks. Comparing persisters to remitters and controls showed significantly inverted responses to punishment (P < 0.05, family‐wise error corrected) in left PFC region. Interestingly, the decreased activation shown after punishment was located in different areas of the PFC for remitters compared with controls, suggesting that remitters might have learned compensation strategies to overcome their ADHD symptoms. Thus, fMRI helps understanding the neuro‐functional basis of ADHD related behavior differences and differentiates between persistent and remittent ADHD. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4648–4663, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.