bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obtaining HBV core protein VLPs carrying SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid conserved fragments as vaccine candidates
Authors: Lobaina Yadira , Musacchio Alexis , Ai Panchao , Chen Rong , Suzarte Edith , Chinea Glay , Zhang Miaohong , Zhou Zhiqiang , Lan Yaqin , Silva Ricardo , Guillén Gerardo , Yang Ke , Li Wen , Perera Yasser , Hermida Lisset 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) has been used as a carrierof several heterologous protein fragments based on its capacity to form virus-like particles (VLPs)and to activate innate and adaptive immune responses. In the present work, two chimeric proteins were designed as potential pancorona vaccine candidates, comprising the N- or C- terminal domain of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein fused to HBcAg. The recombinant proteins, obtained in E. coli, were named CN-1 and CND-1, respectively. The final protein preparations were able to form 10-25 nm particles, visualized by TEM. Both proteins were recognized by sera from COVID-19 convalescent donors; however,the antigenicity of CND-1 tends to be higher. The immunogenicity of both proteins was studied in Balb/C mice by intranasal route without adjuvant. After three doses, only CND-1 elicited a positive immune response, systemic and mucosal, against SARS-CoV-2 N protein. CND-1 was evaluated in a second experiment mixed with the CpG ODN-39M as nasal adjuvant. The induced anti-N immunity was significantly enhanced, and the antibodies generated were cross-reactive with N protein from Omicron variant, and SARS-CoV-1. Also, an anti-N broadcellular immune response was detected in spleen, by IFN-g ELISpot. The nasal formulation composed by CND-1 and ODN-39M constitutes an attractive component for a pancorona vaccine, by inducing mucosal immunity and systemic broad humoral and cellular responses against Sarbecovirus N protein.
Highly electrostatic cellulose acetate-based composite electret nanofiber film for air filtration applications
Authors: Yan Ning , Gao Ting , Hua Li , Xie Fan , Liu Rui-Xin , Lu Zhao-Qing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Highly electrostatic cellulose acetate (CA)-based electret film for air filtration was fabricated by electrospinning method assisted with the corona-charging technique in this work. The highly polar and hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was chosen as the electrostatic reinforcement. The results showed that under the dual electric fields, the dipole charges generated from the conversion from non-polar α-phase to polar β-phase of the dipole inside PVDF and the space charge captured at the phase end traps of CA and PVDF give CA/PVDF films high static electricity. Especially, the composite film with 40 wt% PVDF exhibited an ultrahigh surface potential of 2.146 KV and excellent filtration efficiency of 97.27% for PM 0.3 with a pressure drop of only 88.7 Pa, which was 29.68% and 22.04%, respectively higher than that of pure CA film. It was noticed that the hydrophobicity and mechanical strength were also improved.
Sentiment Analysis for Amharic-English Code-Mixed Sociopolitical Posts Using Deep Learning
Authors: Ebabu Yitayew , Chalie Minalu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Sentiment analysis is crucial in natural language processing for identifying emotional nuances in text. Analyzing sentiment in natural language text is essential for discerning emotional subtleties. However, this task becomes especially intricate when dealing with code-mixed texts, such as Amharic-English, which exhibit language diversity and frequent code-switching, particularly in social media exchanges. In this investigation, we proposed employing CNN, LSTM, BiLSTM, and CNN-BiLSTM models to address sentiment classification in such code-mixed texts. Our approach involves leveraging deep learning techniques and various preprocessing methods, including language detection and code-switching integration. We conducted four experiments utilizing Count Vectorizer and TF-IDF. Our assessment reveals that incorporating language detection and code switching significantly increases model accuracy. Specifically, the average accuracy of the CNN model increased from 82.004–84.458%, that of the LSTM model increased from 79.716–81.234%, that of the BiLSTM model increased from 81.586–83.402%, and that of the CNN-BiLSTM model increased from 82.128–84.765%. Our study emphasizes the imperative of addressing language diversity and code-switching to achieve dependable sentiment analysis in multilingual environments. Furthermore, this study provides valuable insights for future research, highlighting the importance of language-specific preprocessing techniques for optimizing model performance across diverse linguistic contexts.
Adaptive Fourier Transform Processing: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Effective Signal Processing
Authors: Dubey Rishav , Teja Panduranga Ravi , Singh Shweta , Dubey Krati , Banda Sai Sandeep 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The Fourier transform is essential, in signal processing as it converts signals from the time domain to the domain. Our study introduces a reinforcement learning technique to optimize Fourier transform parameters. By automating the selection of window length and wavenumber parameters our method enhances the accuracy and efficiency of signal processing. We extensively evaluate this approach using input signals and compare its performance with established methods. Our experiments reveal a reduction in error (MSE) indicating that our method achieves MSE values for various signal types compared to existing techniques. Importantly our approach demonstrates reliability under noise levels and signal characteristics. This innovative strategy provides a framework for signal processing allowing interpretations for applications in fields such as communications, biomedical engineering and audio processing. The integration of reinforcement learning represents progress, in automating and improving signal processing techniques.
Implementation of the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in Mobile Peer-to-Peer Wireless Networks (MP2PWN)
Authors: MAHDI Ismahan , TALAMALI Rania Ilham 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Mobile Peer-to-Peer Networks (MP2PN) are a relatively new paradigm in wireless networks. Their popularity has increased in recent years due to their use in various applications, including decentralized file sharing on the Internet. However, the security of MP2PN remains an open research topic and a major challenge due to their vulnerability to various attacks, such as the black hole attack. In this work, we specifically analyze the Black Hole attack in Mobile Peer-to-Peer Wireless Networks (MP2PWN) using an Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. In this type of attack, a malicious node impersonates a legitimate node and makes a falsified response with a high sequence number. For this purpose, we have developed an innovative solution to counter this attack, by making changes to the AODV routing protocol. To assess its effectiveness, we conducted extensive simulations.
A Comprehensive Study of AFM Stiffness Measurements on Inclined Surfaces: Theoretical, Numerical, and Experimental Evaluation using a Hertz Approach
Authors: Ahmine Anis Nassim , Bdiri Myriam , Féréol Sophie , Fodil Redouane 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In the field of cellular health assessment, the mechanical properties of cells are crucial indicators. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a prominent nanoscale technique used for its significant benefits in analyzing cell mechanics. Traditional analysis of AFM data often relies on Hertz's law, which assumes a flat surface for the biological sample. However, this assumption does not always hold true due to the diverse geometries of cells. In this study, we present a new theoretical model that includes correction coefficients in Hertz's law to consider cone-like and spherical probes, addressing the local tilt at the probe-sample interface. We validated our model through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations and experimental AFM measurements on tilted polyacrylamide gels. Our findings emphasize the importance of accounting for the local tilt in probe-sample contact to ensure accurate AFM measurements. This marks a significant advancement in our understanding of cell mechanics at the nanoscale.
Molecular characterization of Brucella species detected from clinical samples of Dairy cattle
Authors: Motegaonkar Snehal , Pharande Rajesh , Gandge Rajashree , Thorat Varsha , Zende Ravindra , Ingole Shailesh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Brucellosis is one of the important zoonotic in the livestock industry and public health. The aim of the present study This study aimed at the detection of Brucella spp. directly from specimens of dairy cows and molecular characterization of Brucella spp. understanding their virulence attributes. A total of 110 samples were collected from Mumbai and Pune districts, encompassing various sources such as placental cotyledons, fetal abomasal content, fetal vitals, vaginal swabs, serum, and milk, all from cattle suspected of brucellosis. A total of 24 milk and serum samples were tested for Brucella antibodies, and it was found that 24 (57.14%) and 19 (45.23%) samples were positive by MRT and RBPT tests, respectively. Employing molecular techniques, including PCR assays targeting specific genes, facilitated the detection and identification of Brucella spp. and Brucella abortus directly from specimens of dairy cattle. Among these, 17 out of 110 samples tested positive for Brucella spp (15.45%), with 5 out of 17 confirmed to be Brucella abortus (29.39%). Subsequent sequencing and phylogenetic scrutiny validated that all 5 samples belonged to the Brucella abortus species. These samples shared geographic origins and were aligned within the same lineage as previous Brucella abortus isolates submitted to Gene Bank from Mumbai, India. The presence of virulence genes virB, bvfA in all 5 Brucella abortus samples was noted, by PCR assay targeting specific genes. The identification of virulent genes in the positive samples confirms their pathogenicity concerning their survival, colonization, and evasion of the animal immune response. This underscores the necessity for ongoing research to formulate effective disease management strategies.
Integrated Computational Pipeline for the Identification of Novel PARP-1 Inhibitors: Hybrid Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Wang Guan , Guo Jingjing , Xu Feng , Ji Mingjuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Despite the promising anticancer properties of PARP-1 inhibitors, their clinical use is hindered by side effects. It is crucial to explore new structural variants of these inhibitors to increase efficacy and minimize side effects, enhancing their clinical viability and therapeutic scope. In this study, we developed a virtual screening workflow that synergistically integrates Transfoxmol, KarmaDock, and PLANET with AutoDock Vina's capabilities. Through structural clustering, we identified ten potential PARP-1 inhibitors. Additionally, through molecular dynamics simulations and MM/PBSA, we elucidated the binding modes of compounds 1, 3, 6, and 9 with PARP-1, providing insights for drug development.
Acquisition of similar properties by filters in the same stream of a multistream convolutional neural network
Authors: Tamura Hiroshi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Functional modular organization is observed in a variety of cortical areas in the brain. In the visual cortex of primates, adjacent neurons often respond to the same visual submodality, such as color or orientation, and have a similar preferred orientation or preferred color. However, it remains unclear why functional modular organization emerges in the cerebral cortex. In the present study, I constructed and trained a multistream convolutional neural network to examine whether filters in the same stream acquire similar properties. Although filters in the same stream were able to develop any structures, they acquired similar degrees of stimulus selectivity and similar stimulus preferences. The deletion of filters in a single stream that had similar degrees of stimulus selectivity resulted in larger decreases in classification accuracy than the deletion of those that did not. By contrast, the deletion of filters in a single stream that shared a preferred stimulus resulted in similar decreases in classification accuracy to the deletion of those that did not. Together, these findings suggest that filters with similar degrees of stimulus selectivity in the same stream are required for optimal task performance of the neural network, and probably of the brain.
A fractional-order predator-prey model analysis ascribable to cannibalism in predator species together with predation by immature predators
Authors: Roy Tapasvini , Bhattacharjee Debasish 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The synergism among the prey species, the immature predator and the matured predator species, where the cannibalism in the predator species with the aspect of predation of the immature predators by the matured predators is appraised. Consequential to this cannibalism scenario, the young ones have to hunt themselves, and hence the incorporation of hunting of the prey by the immature predators and its correspondence to their transition into the matured stage. The efficacious nature of memory too, is explored by inculcating Caputo’s fractional order derivatives in lieu of ordinary derivatives. The constructed system’s applicability is proved. For the attainment of desirable population densities, the local and the global stability at the equilibrium points are surveyed, along with the conditions associated with Hopf bifurcation. Though numerical simulation, the dynamic behaviour of the whole system is seen corresponding to the changes in the environmental parameters, thereby their importance pertaining to the memory effect. Cannibalism has a stabilizing impact on the system, while for a higher recollection ability, any impact of cannibalism vanishes; the reproduction capability from cannibalism is discussed in detail; the transition rate from the immature predators’ hunting unveils twice-occurring Hopf bifurcation for some numerical values of the memory effect.
2020 AMS Classifications: 34C23,92D25,92D40
The GLP-1R Agonist Exenatide Improves Sheep Sperm Motility by Regulating Cellular Metabolic Levels
Authors: Wang Ziteng , Zhu Zhendong , Liu Luwei , Li Wenjia , Min Lingjiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone involved in regulating insulin secretion and energy metabolism. It typically needs to bind to Glucagon-like peptide-1 Receptor (GLP-1R) in the body to exert its regulatory effects. Exenatide-4 (EX-4) is a synthetic GLP-1 analogue that is widely used as a weight loss and blood sugar-lowering medication due to its high stability and slow degradation rate. Since there is no current research on whether GLP-1 affects energy metabolism and sperm motility, it is necessary thatthe effects of GLP-1 analogues on sperm motility and energy metabolism will be investigated by treating sheep sperm with EX-4. Our results showed that GLP-1R was present in sheep sperm, and expressed in the head of the sperm. After concentration screening, it was found that 300 pM EX-4 was most effective for improving sheep sperm motility. Incubating sperm with EX-4 resulted in a significant increase in LDH, G6PDH, lipase activity, and ATP content (P < 0.05), while triglyceride content significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Additionally, EX-4 significantly promoted insulin secretion in sheep sperm (P < 0.05). When EX-4 was used in combination with GLP-1R inhibitor (GLP-1R AB), the levels of LDH, G6PDH, lipase activity, ATP content, and insulin concentration significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while triglyceride content significantly increased (P < 0.05). The further results showed that EX-4 effectively promoted cholesterol efflux in sheep sperm (P < 0.05), which is beneficial for sperm energy acquisition and maturation. Both insulin receptor inhibitors (IR AB) and GLP-1R AB reduced the promoting effect of EX-4 on cholesterol efflux in sheep sperm (P < 0.05). Our other results revealed that EX-4 regulates sperm metabolism through the GLP-1R/PI3K/Akt pathway, enhancing energy levels in sheep sperm. Generally, sperm motility is closely related to metabolic levels, and it is believed that EX-4 enhances the activity of some metabolic enzymes in sheep sperm by activating this signaling pathway, thereby promoting energy acquisition, maturation, and significantly improving sperm motility.
Consumption trends, trading patterns and economic development in Italy across centuries - data analysis of Roman amphorae in a long-term perspective
Authors: Komar Paulina , Brughmans Tom , Borisova Ekaterina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This paper presents novel insights into the long-term chronological patterns related to the distribution and consumption of amphora-borne foodstuffs in Italy. The study specifically focuses on the consumption of wine, olive oil, and fish sauces, both produced locally and imported from the provinces. Notably, it contributes significantly to our understanding of the Roman economy by revealing significant changes in the patterns of consumption and distribution of these foodstuffs over time on a scale that was previously unknown. One of the key findings of our analysis is the demonstration that the consumption patterns observed in different areas of Italy were similar, suggesting an equal pace of development in both urban and rural settlements across the Apennine peninsula. Importantly, quantitative evidence shows that the consumption pattern observed in the capital city of Rome is less exceptional than previously believed, challenging existing perceptions about the city's uniqueness. The study draws upon a substantial dataset comprising 28,851 diagnostic amphora fragments excavated and documented from 28 different urban and rural settlements in the North Adriatic and central Italy, spanning the period from the 4th c. BCE to the 7th c. CE. The analytical approach employs a probabilistic aoristic method, evenly distributing amphora frequencies across relevant date ranges.
Two Successive mass ejections from AR0715 on December 30, 2004
Authors: K Mahalakshmi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The initiation of the Coronal Mass Ejections (CME) on 30 December 2004 at 10:57 UT with an initial speed 1250 km/s has been studied using multiwavelength data. EUV, radio H-alpha images have a significant role to identify the multiple reconnection. The reconnections occurred on the northern and southern part of Active Region (AR) leads to C1.3 and M2.2 flare. The southern arcade system expands and reconnects with the overlying field lines lead to the fast wide CME. The multiwavelength signatures provide the evidence that the multiple internal reconnections followed by external reconnection causes the large scale eruptions at 10:50 UT. Radio signatures also provide evidence for this scenario.
Impact of fine management of enteral nutrition on nutritional status and feeding intolerance in critically ill stroke patients
Authors: Huang Neng , huo Cailing , Zhu Yutong , He Jing , Liu Zuoyan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Critically ill stroke patients often have dysphagia, which prevents them from taking in nutrients normally. In addition, they are in a prolonged state of high stress, high metabolism and low immunity, and early enteral nutrition support plays an important therapeutic role. However, food intolerance often occurs during feeding.
Objective: To investigate the effect of fine management of enteral nutrition on nutritional status and nutritional intolerance in critically ill stroke patients.
Methods: A convenience sampling method was used to retrospectively collect 81 critically ill stroke patients hospitalized in our department from January 2021 to December 2021 as the control group, and 81 critically ill stroke patients hospitalized in our department from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the observation group. The control group was given daily nutritional management, and the observation group implemented enteral nutrition refinement management, comparing the nutritional status (including serum albumin, hemoglobin, triceps skinfold thickness, and triceps muscle circumference of the upper arm on the nonparalyzed side), the incidence of feeding intolerance, acute physiological and chronic health (APACHE II) score, and the efficiency of refinement management at the time of admission and before discharge in both groups.
Results: After refined management, serum albumin [(40.69±1.88) vs. (38.92±1.21)g/L；t=-7.147，p=0.000] and hemoglobin [(114.40±8.00)vs.(110.57±6.52)g/L；t=-3.337，p=0.001] values in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, triceps skinfold thickness [(12.29±2.0) vs. (11.20±2.40）mm；t=-3.087，p=0.002] and triceps muscle circumference [(21.11±1.47) vs. (19.86±1.65)cm,t=-5.068，p=0.000] levels of the upper arm on the nonparalyzed side were higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05), the incidence of enteral nutrition intolerance was lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05), and the APACHE II score [(15.06±2.89) vs. (19.85±3.36) points, t=9.236，P=0.000] was lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Refined management of enteral nutrition not only improves the nutritional status of patients but also prevents the occurrence of feeding intolerance in critically ill stroke patients, which is beneficial to the disease recovery and prognosis of critically ill stroke patients.
Nutritional Profile and Heavy Metal Content of Blood Clam Anadorra granosa Collected from Vashi Creek, Maharashtra, India
Authors: K Asha K , J Laly S , Raj Rehana , S Greeshma S , Kumar Abhay , Sharma Shravan Kumar , Xavier Martin , Zynudheen A A , Rangaswamy Anandan , Jaganath Bindu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Micro-nutrient deficient diets leading to hidden hunger are a fact of everyday life for millions in India. Blood clams, Anadorra granosa, are abundantly available in the Vashi Creek, Maharashtra and are affordable sources of macro and micronutrients that fulfil the nutritional requirements of the local population. Anemia is widely prevalent in India and the percentage of women and children suffering from anemia has been rising in Maharashtra. Concerted efforts are needed for India to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 2 on Zero Hunger which calls for ending all forms of hunger by year 2030. Blood clams are an affordable resource that can provide consumers with significant amount of protein, fat and minerals. Nutritional profiling of this resource was carried out to for six months from September, 2023 to February 2024. Amino acid profiling revealed the presence of all essential amino acids except methionine, at levels higher than those recommended by FAO/WHO. Total essential amino acids were 35.49 g/100g as against the FAO/WHO recommended value of 29.6 g/100g. The atherogenicity index of blood clam fat was 0.84 and thrombogenecity index ranged from 0.14–0.87 which are within the normal reported range for fish/shellfish. n6: n3 PUFA ratio and n3: n6 PUFA ratios were 0.15 and 6.31 respectively. Foods with high n3: n6 PUFA ratio and a low n6: n3 PUFA ratio have known to be cardioprotective. Blood clams showed significant levels of macro-minerals; potassium (252 mg/100 g) showing the highest levels followed by calcium (234.3 mg/100 g), sodium (198.7 mg/100 g) and magnesium (128.4 mg/100 g) and trace elements like iron (1052 ppm), zinc (130 ppm), manganese (46 ppm), copper selenium, molybdenum, nickel and cobalt. Heavy metals detected were within the normal range as prescribed by various national and international regulatory agencies including FSSAI, USFDA, FAO, CODEX, EU and WHO.