bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diamond crystals deposited from interacting jets
Authors: Rebrov Aleksey , Emelyanov Aleksey , Kosolobov Sergey , Yudin Ivan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper describes the advancement of hot wire or hot filament CVD methods of diamond synthesis through the use high velocity gas flow activation by multiple collisions with a lengthy hot surface instead of activation by single collisions with hot wires. The possibility of synthesis of diamond crystals from a neutral gas with a high growth rate and a future solution of engineering scaling problems promise that this method will become competitive with others. Interacting jets of hydrogen and mixture of hydrogen with methane were used to synthesize diamond crystals on a molybdenum substrate. The growth rate of crystals about 20 μm/h was attained, which is much higher than in the case of a hot filament CVD. The increase of CH4 concentration essentially increases the diamond crystal growth rate. Depending on local conditions of the interaction of jets with substrates in different points, a completely different morphology of deposit is observed: from a compact film to isolated coarse crystals mostly icosahedral form. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Convergence analysis using the edge Laplacian: Robust consensus of nonlinear multi‐agent systems via ISS method
Authors: Zeng Zhiwen , Wang Xiangke , Zheng Zhiqiang 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThis study develops an original and innovative matrix representation with respect to the information flow for networked multi‐agent system. To begin with, the general concepts of the edge Laplacian of digraph are proposed with its algebraic properties. Benefit from this novel graph‐theoretic tool, we can build a bridge between the consensus problem and the edge agreement problem, we also show that the edge Laplacian sheds a new light on solving the leaderless consensus problem. Based on the edge agreement framework, the technical challenges caused by unknown but bounded disturbances and inherently nonlinear dynamics can be well handled. In particular, we design an integrated procedure for a new robust consensus protocol that is based on a blend of algebraic graph theory and the newly developed cyclic‐small‐gain theorem. Besides, to highlight the intricate relationship between the original graph and cyclic‐small‐gain theorem, the concept of edge‐interconnection graph is introduced for the first time. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local dynamic range compensation for scanning electron microscope imaging system
Authors: Sim K.S. , Huang Y.H. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThis is the extended project by introducing the modified dynamic range histogram modification (MDRHM) and is presented in this paper. This technique is used to enhance the scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging system. By comparing with the conventional histogram modification compensators, this technique utilizes histogram profiling by extending the dynamic range of each tile of an image to the limit of 0–255 range while retains its histogram shape. The proposed technique yields better image compensation compared to conventional methods. SCANNING 37:381–388, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design and analysis of a wireless monitoring network for transmission lines in smart grid
Authors: Ye Feng , Liang Yun , Zhang Hao , Zhang Xuping , Qian Yi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn order to timely and precisely locate a problem over the power lines, the control center needs to monitor the status of the transmissionlines and the towers. In this paper, we design such a monitoring network by taking advantage of the existing optical fiber composite overhead ground wire (OPGW) alongside the transmission lines. Because it is not cost‐effective to have gateway access to the OPGW for every transmission tower, we propose to deploy a multi‐hop wireless sensor network in between two sparsely deployed neighboring OPGW gateways. We mainly study the power allocation for the data transmission of the wireless sensors because of the assumption that such sensors are powered by green energy and a battery with limited capacity for easy deployment and maintenance. Specifically, we propose several centralized schemes with different objectives, for example, the minimum power usage and fast computation. We also propose a distributed scheme so that the sensors can be even more energy efficient dealing with dynamic traffic in field operations. Moreover, we analyze the centralized schemes to study their pros and cons. We also conduct a case study for the distributed scheme to demonstrate its feasibility in field operations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutation of the iron‐sulfur cluster assembly gene IBA57 causes fatal infantile leukodystrophy
Authors: Debray François‐Guillaume , Stümpfig Claudia , Vanlander Arnaud V. , Dideberg Vinciane , Josse Claire , Caberg Jean‐Hubert , Boemer François , Bours Vincent , Stevens René , Seneca Sara , Smet Joél , Lill Roland , van Coster Rudy 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLeukodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of severe genetic neurodegenerative disorders. A multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome was found in an infant presenting with a progressive leukoencephalopathy. Homozygosity mapping, whole exome sequencing, and functional studies were used to define the underlying molecular defect. Respiratory chain studies in skeletal muscle isolated from the proband revealed a combined deficiency of complexes I and II. In addition, western blotting indicated lack of protein lipoylation. The combination of these findings was suggestive for a defect in the iron‐sulfur (Fe/S) protein assembly pathway. SNP array identified loss of heterozygosity in large chromosomal regions, covering the NFU1 and BOLA3, and the IBA57 and ABCB10 candidate genes, in 2p15‐p11.2 and 1q31.1‐q42.13, respectively. A homozygous c.436C > T (p.Arg146Trp) variant was detected in IBA57 using whole exome sequencing. Complementation studies in a HeLa cell line depleted for IBA57 showed that the mutant protein with the semi‐conservative amino acid exchange was unable to restore the biochemical phenotype indicating a loss‐of‐function mutation of IBA57. In conclusion, defects in the Fe/S protein assembly gene IBA57 can cause autosomal recessive neurodegeneration associated with progressive leukodystrophy and fatal outcome at young age. In the affected patient, the biochemical phenotype was characterized by a defect in the respiratory chain complexes I and II and a decrease in mitochondrial protein lipoylation, both resulting from impaired assembly of Fe/S clusters.
The Prospective Role of Cognitive Appraisals and Social Support in Predicting Children’s Posttraumatic Stress
Authors: Hitchcock Caitlin , Ellis Alicia A. , Williamson Paul , Nixon Reginald D. V. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Although both social support and cognitive appraisals are strong predictors of children’s posttraumatic adjustment, understanding of the interplay between these factors is limited. We assessed whether cognitive appraisals mediated the relationship between social support and symptom development, as predicted by cognitive models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Ninety seven children (Mean age = 12.08 years) were assessed at one month and six months following a single incident trauma. We administered self-report measures of cognitive appraisals, social support, and a diagnostic interview for PTSD. Results indicated that cognitive appraisals at one month post-trauma mediated the relationship between social support at one month post-trauma, and PTSD severity at follow-up. Differences in this relationship were observed between child-reported social support and parent-rated ability to provide support. Firm evidence was provided for the application of cognitive models of PTSD to children.
Fish Oil and Olive Oil Supplementation in Late Pregnancy and Lactation Differentially Affect Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Sows and Piglets
Authors: Shen Yong , Wan Haifeng , Zhu Jiatao , Fang Zhengfeng , Che Lianqiang , Xu Shengyu , Lin Yan , Li Jian , Wu De 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study was conducted to compare the effects of fish oil and olive oil supplementation in late pregnancy and during lactation on oxidative stress and inflammation in sows and their piglets. A total of 24 sows were fed a basal diet supplemented with additional corn starch (CON), fish oil (FO) or olive oil (OO). Sows fed an OO diet during late gestation had a higher piglet birth weight compared with CON‐fed and FO‐fed sows (P < 0.05). Furthermore, sows from the OO group had a higher milk fat content than sows from CON and FO groups, and a lower pre‐weaning mortality of piglets was observed in the OO group (P < 0.05). Maternal FO supplementation resulted in increased malondialdehyde concentration in sow plasma, colostrum, milk and piglet plasma than in CON and OO groups (P < 0.05). However, an increased total antioxidant capacity (T‐ACC) and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) were also observed in the FO group (P < 0.05). Sows fed an OO diet had significantly decreased interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) concentrations in milk compared with CON and FO fed sows (P < 0.05). Moreover, lower plasma IL‐1β and TNF‐α levels were observed in piglets from the OO group compared with the CON group (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results suggest that an OO diet is most beneficial in late gestation and during lactation in sows. However, FO increases the susceptibility to oxidative stress in sows and piglets.
Autophagosome–lysosome fusion is independent of V-ATPase-mediated acidification
Authors: Mauvezin Caroline , Nagy Péter , Juhász Gábor , Neufeld Thomas P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe ATP-dependent proton pump V-ATPase ensures low intralysosomal pH, which is essential for lysosomal hydrolase activity. Based on studies with the V-ATPase inhibitor BafilomycinA1, lysosomal acidification is also thought to be required for fusion with incoming vesicles from the autophagic and endocytic pathways. Here we show that loss of V-ATPase subunits in the Drosophila fat body causes an accumulation of non-functional lysosomes, leading to a block in autophagic flux. However, V-ATPase-deficient lysosomes remain competent to fuse with autophagosomes and endosomes, resulting in a time-dependent formation of giant autolysosomes. In contrast, BafilomycinA1 prevents autophagosome–lysosome fusion in these cells, and this defect is phenocopied by depletion of the Ca2+ pump SERCA, a secondary target of this drug. Moreover, activation of SERCA promotes fusion in a BafilomycinA1-sensitive manner. Collectively, our results indicate that lysosomal acidification is not a prerequisite for fusion, and that BafilomycinA1 inhibits fusion independent of its effect on lysosomal pH.
Visualization and tracking of tumour extracellular vesicle delivery and RNA translation using multiplexed reporters
Authors: Lai Charles P. , Kim Edward Y. , Badr Christian E. , Weissleder Ralph , Mempel Thorsten R. , Tannous Bakhos A. , Breakefield Xandra O. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAccurate spatiotemporal assessment of extracellular vesicle (EV) delivery and cargo RNA translation requires specific and robust live-cell imaging technologies. Here we engineer optical reporters to label multiple EV populations for visualization and tracking of tumour EV release, uptake and exchange between cell populations both in culture and in vivo. Enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) and tandem dimer Tomato (tdTomato) were fused at NH2-termini with a palmitoylation signal (PalmGFP, PalmtdTomato) for EV membrane labelling. To monitor EV-RNA cargo, transcripts encoding PalmtdTomato were tagged with MS2 RNA binding sequences and detected by co-expression of bacteriophage MS2 coat protein fused with EGFP. By multiplexing fluorescent and bioluminescent EV membrane reporters, we reveal the rapid dynamics of both EV uptake and translation of EV-delivered cargo mRNAs in cancer cells that occurred within 1-hour post-horizontal transfer between cells. These studies confirm that EV-mediated communication is dynamic and multidirectional between cells with delivery of functional mRNA.
Reinforcement of STAT3 activity reprogrammes human embryonic stem cells to naive-like pluripotency
Authors: Chen Hongwei , Aksoy Irène , Gonnot Fabrice , Osteil Pierre , Aubry Maxime , Hamela Claire , Rognard Cloé , Hochard Arnaud , Voisin Sophie , Fontaine Emeline , Mure Magali , Afanassieff Marielle , Cleroux Elouan , Guibert Sylvain , Chen Jiaxuan , Vallot Céline , Acloque Hervé , Genthon Clémence , Donnadieu Cécile , De Vos John , Sanlaville Damien , Guérin Jean- François , Weber Michael , Stanton Lawrence W , Rougeulle Claire , Pain Bertrand , Bourillot Pierre-Yves , Savatier Pierre 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLeukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)/STAT3 signalling is a hallmark of naive pluripotency in rodent pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), whereas fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and activin/nodal signalling is required to sustain self-renewal of human PSCs in a condition referred to as the primed state. It is unknown why LIF/STAT3 signalling alone fails to sustain pluripotency in human PSCs. Here we show that the forced expression of the hormone-dependent STAT3-ER (ER, ligand-binding domain of the human oestrogen receptor) in combination with 2i/LIF and tamoxifen allows human PSCs to escape from the primed state and enter a state characterized by the activation of STAT3 target genes and long-term self-renewal in FGF2- and feeder-free conditions. These cells acquire growth properties, a gene expression profile and an epigenetic landscape closer to those described in mouse naive PSCs. Together, these results show that temporarily increasing STAT3 activity is sufficient to reprogramme human PSCs to naive-like pluripotent cells.
Four decades of transmission of a multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis outbreak strain
Authors: Eldholm Vegard , Monteserin Johana , Rieux Adrien , Lopez Beatriz , Sobkowiak Benjamin , Ritacco Viviana , Balloux Francois 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe rise of drug-resistant strains is a major challenge to containing the tuberculosis (TB) pandemic. Yet, little is known about the extent of resistance in early years of chemotherapy and when transmission of resistant strains on a larger scale became a major public health issue. Here we reconstruct the timeline of the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance during a major ongoing outbreak of multidrug-resistant TB in Argentina. We estimate that the progenitor of the outbreak strain acquired resistance to isoniazid, streptomycin and rifampicin by around 1973, indicating continuous circulation of a multidrug-resistant TB strain for four decades. By around 1979 the strain had acquired additional resistance to three more drugs. Our results indicate that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) with extensive resistance profiles circulated 15 years before the outbreak was detected, and about one decade before the earliest documented transmission of Mtb strains with such extensive resistance profiles globally.
Contrasting host–pathogen interactions and genome evolution in two generalist and specialist microsporidian pathogens of mosquitoes
Authors: Desjardins Christopher A. , Sanscrainte Neil D. , Goldberg Jonathan M. , Heiman David , Young Sarah , Zeng Qiandong , Madhani Hiten D. , Becnel James J. , Cuomo Christina A 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObligate intracellular pathogens depend on their host for growth yet must also evade detection by host defenses. Here we investigate host adaptation in two Microsporidia, the specialist Edhazardia aedis and the generalist Vavraia culicis, pathogens of disease vector mosquitoes. Genomic analysis and deep RNA-Seq across infection time courses reveal fundamental differences between these pathogens. E. aedis retains enhanced cell surface modification and signalling capacity, upregulating protein trafficking and secretion dynamically during infection. V. culicis is less dependent on its host for basic metabolites and retains a subset of spliceosomal components, with a transcriptome broadly focused on growth and replication. Transcriptional profiling of mosquito immune responses reveals that response to infection by E. aedis differs dramatically depending on the mode of infection, and that antimicrobial defensins may play a general role in mosquito defense against Microsporidia. This analysis illuminates fundamentally different evolutionary paths and host interplay of specialist and generalist pathogens.
Regulation of burstiness by network-driven activation
Authors: García-Pérez Guillermo , Boguñá Marián , Serrano M. Ángeles 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe prove that complex networks of interactions have the capacity to regulate and buffer unpredictable fluctuations in production events. We show that non-bursty network-driven activation dynamics can effectively regulate the level of burstiness in the production of nodes, which can be enhanced or reduced. Burstiness can be induced even when the endogenous inter-event time distribution of nodes' production is non-bursty. We find that hubs tend to be less susceptible to the networked regulatory effects than low degree nodes. Our results have important implications for the analysis and engineering of bursty activity in a range of systems, from communication networks to transcription and translation of genes into proteins in cells.
Local electrical control of magnetic order and orientation by ferroelastic domain arrangements just above room temperature
Authors: Phillips L. C. , Cherifi R. O. , Ivanovskaya V. , Zobelli A. , Infante I. C. , Jacquet E. , Guiblin N. , Ünal A. A. , Kronast F. , Dkhil B. , Barthélémy A. , Bibes M. , Valencia S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFerroic materials (ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, ferroelastic) usually divide into domains with different orientations of their order parameter. Coupling between different ferroic systems creates new functionalities, for instance the electrical control of macroscopic magnetic properties including magnetization and coercive field. Here we show that ferroelastic domains can be used to control both magnetic order and magnetization direction at the nanoscale with a voltage. We use element-specific X-ray imaging to map the magnetic domains as a function of temperature and voltage in epitaxial FeRh on ferroelastic BaTiO3. Exploiting the nanoscale phase-separation of FeRh, we locally interconvert between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states with a small electric field just above room temperature. Imaging and ab initio calculations show the antiferromagnetic phase of FeRh is favoured by compressive strain on c-oriented BaTiO3 domains and the resultant magnetoelectric coupling is larger and more reversible than previously reported from macroscopic measurements. Our results emphasize the importance of nanoscale ferroic domain structure and the promise of first-order transition materials to achieve enhanced coupling in artificial multiferroics.
Retinoic acid receptor beta and angiopoietin-like protein 1 are involved in the regulation of human androgen biosynthesis
Authors: Udhane Sameer S. , Pandey Amit V. , Hofer Gaby , Mullis Primus E. , Flück Christa E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAndrogens are essential for sexual development and reproduction. However, androgen regulation in health and disease is poorly understood. We showed that human adrenocortical H295R cells grown under starvation conditions acquire a hyperandrogenic steroid profile with changes in steroid metabolizing enzymes HSD3B2 and CYP17A1 essential for androgen production. Here we studied the regulatory mechanisms underlying androgen production in starved H295R cells. Microarray expression profiling of normal versus starved H295R cells revealed fourteen differentially expressed genes; HSD3B2, HSD3B1, CYP21A2, RARB, ASS1, CFI, ASCL1 and ENC1 play a role in steroid and energy metabolism and ANGPTL1, PLK2, DUSP6, DUSP10 and FREM2 are involved in signal transduction. We discovered two new gene networks around RARB and ANGPTL1 and show how they regulate androgen biosynthesis. Transcription factor RARB stimulated the promoters of genes involved in androgen production (StAR, CYP17A1 and HSD3B2) and enhanced androstenedione production. For HSD3B2 regulation RARB worked in cooperation with Nur77. Secretory protein ANGPTL1 modulated CYP17A1 and DUSP6 expression by inducing ERK1/2 phosphorylation. By contrast, our studies revealed no evidence for hormones or cell cycle involvement in regulating androgen biosynthesis. In summary, these studies establish a firm role for RARB and ANGPTL1 in the regulation of androgen production in H295R cells.
Conductivity-limiting bipolar thermal conductivity in semiconductors
Authors: Wang Shanyu , Yang Jiong , Toll Trevor , Yang Jihui , Zhang Wenqing , Tang Xinfeng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIntriguing experimental results raised the question about the fundamental mechanisms governing the electron-hole coupling induced bipolar thermal conduction in semiconductors. Our combined theoretical analysis and experimental measurements show that in semiconductors bipolar thermal transport is in general a “conductivity-limiting” phenomenon and it is thus controlled by the carrier mobility ratio and by the minority carrier partial electrical conductivity for the intrinsic and extrinsic cases, respectively. Our numerical method quantifies the role of electronic band structure and carrier scattering mechanisms. We have successfully demonstrated bipolar thermal conductivity reduction in doped semiconductors via electronic band structure modulation and/or preferential minority carrier scatterings. We expect this study to be beneficial to the current interests in optimizing thermoelectric properties of narrow gap semiconductors.
Effect of targeted estrogen delivery using glucagon-like peptide-1 on insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis
Authors: Tiano Joseph P. , Tate Chandra R. , Yang Bin S. , DiMarchi Richard , Mauvais-Jarvis Franck 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe female estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2) enhances pancreatic β-cell function via estrogen receptors (ERs). However, the risk of hormone dependent cancer precludes the use of general estrogen therapy as a chronic treatment for diabetes. To target E2 to β-cells without the undesirable effects of general estrogen therapy, we created fusion peptides combining active or inactive glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and E2 in a single molecule (aGLP1-E2 and iGLP1-E2 respectively). By combining the activities of GLP-1 and E2, we envisioned synergistic insulinotropic activities of these molecules on β-cells. In cultured human islets and in C57BL/6 mice, both aGLP1 and aGLP1-E2 enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) compared to vehicle and iGLP1-E2 without superior efficacy of aGLP1-E2 compared to GLP-1 alone. However, aGLP1-E2 decreased fasting and fed blood glucose to a greater extent than aGLP1 and iGLP1-E2 alone. Further, aGLP1-E2 exhibited improved insulin sensitivity compared to aGLP1 and iGLP1-E2 alone (HOMA-IR and insulin tolerance test). In conclusion, targeted estrogen delivery to non-diabetic islets in the presence of GLP-1 does not enhance GSIS. However, combining GLP-1 to estrogen delivers additional efficacy relative to GLP-1 alone on insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in non-diabetic mice.