bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Fundamental Principles to individual action: Making the Principles come alive to promote a culture of non-violence and peace
Authors: Beeckman Katrien 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper focuses on the individual perspective, as opposed to the institutional or operational one, towards the Fundamental Principles and their underpinning humanitarian values. It demonstrates the added value of this perspective, which goes beyond addressing challenges regarding the Fundamental Principles' understanding and application. By making the Principles and values come alive in peoples' behaviour, the individual perspective also enables Red Cross and Red Crescent staff and volunteers to inspire a change of mindset and behaviour towards a culture of non-violence and peace. Two tools created to this purpose, as well as their impact, are presented: (i) the Seven Skills for Seven Principles (747) framework, which unpacks the high-level Principles into more concrete and tangible components, values and intra- and interpersonal skills; and (ii) the Youth as Agents of Behavioural Change (YABC) initiative, which, using a non-cognitive learning approach, fosters a personal connection towards the Principles and increases participants' ability to role-model them.
The expression level of BAALC-associated microRNA miR-3151 is an independent prognostic factor in younger patients with cytogenetic intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Díaz-Beyá M , Brunet S , Nomdedéu J , Cordeiro A , Tormo M , Escoda L , Ribera J M , Arnan M , Heras I , Gallardo D , Bargay J , Queipo de Llano M P , Salamero O , Martí J M , Sampol A , Pedro C , Hoyos M , Pratcorona M , Castellano J J , Nomdedeu M , Risueño R M , Sierra J , Monzó M , Navarro A , Esteve J 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease whose prognosis is mainly related to the biological risk conferred by cytogenetics and molecular profiling. In elderly patients (⩾60 years) with normal karyotype AML miR-3151 have been identified as a prognostic factor. However, miR-3151 prognostic value has not been examined in younger AML patients. In the present work, we have studied miR-3151 alone and in combination with BAALC, its host gene, in a cohort of 181 younger intermediate-risk AML (IR-AML) patients. Patients with higher expression of miR-3151 had shorter overall survival (P=0.0025), shorter leukemia-free survival (P=0.026) and higher cumulative incidence of relapse (P=0.082). Moreover, in the multivariate analysis miR-3151 emerged as independent prognostic marker in both the overall series and within the unfavorable molecular prognostic category. Interestingly, the combined determination of both miR-3151 and BAALC improved this prognostic stratification, with patients with low levels of both parameters showing a better outcome compared with those patients harboring increased levels of one or both markers (P=0.003). In addition, we studied the microRNA expression profile associated with miR-3151 identifying a six-microRNA signature. In conclusion, the analysis of miR-3151 and BAALC expression may well contribute to an improved prognostic stratification of younger patients with IR-AML.
The NAE inhibitor pevonedistat (MLN4924) synergizes with TNF-α to activate apoptosis
Authors: Wolenski F S , Fisher C D , Sano T , Wyllie S D , Cicia L A , Gallacher M J , Baker R A , Kirby P J , Senn J J 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPredicting and understanding the mechanism of drug-induced toxicity is one of the primary goals of drug development. It has been hypothesized that inflammation may have a synergistic role in this process. Cell-based models provide an easily manipulated system to investigate this type of drug toxicity. Several groups have attempted to reproduce in vivo toxicity with combination treatment of pharmacological agents and inflammatory cytokines. Through this approach, synergistic cytotoxicity between the investigational agent pevonedistat (MLN4924) and TNF-α was identified. Pevonedistat is an inhibitor of the NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE). Inhibition of NAE prevents activation of cullin-RING ligases, which are critical for proteasome-mediated protein degradation. TNF-α is a cytokine that is involved in inflammatory responses and cell death, among other biological functions. Treatment of cultured cells with the combination of pevonedistat and TNF-α, but not as single agents, resulted in rapid cell death. This cell death was determined to be mediated by caspase-8. Interestingly, the combination treatment of pevonedistat and TNF-α also caused an accumulation of the p10 protease subunit of caspase-8 that was not observed with cytotoxic doses of TNF-α. Under conditions where apoptosis was blocked, the mechanism of death switched to necroptosis. Trimerized MLKL was verified as a biomarker of necroptotic cell death. The synergistic toxicity of pevonedistat and elevated TNF-α was also demonstrated by in vivo rat studies. Only the combination treatment resulted in elevated serum markers of liver damage and single-cell hepatocyte necrosis. Taken together, the results of this work have characterized a novel synergistic toxicity driven by pevonedistat and TNF-α.
Post-translational allosteric activation of the P2X7 receptor through glycosaminoglycan chains of CD44 proteoglycans
Authors: Moura GEDD , Lucena SV , Lima MA , Nascimento FD , Gesteira TF , Nader HB , Paredes-Gamero EJ , Tersariol ILS 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHere, we present evidence for the positive allosteric modulation of the P2X7 receptor through glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in CHO (cell line derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster) cells. The marked potentiation of P2X7 activity through GAGs in the presence of non-saturating agonists concentrations was evident with the endogenous expression of the receptor in CHO cells. The presence of GAGs on the surface of CHO cells greatly increased the sensitivity to adenosine 5′-triphosphate and changed the main P2X7 receptor kinetic parameters EC50, Hill coefficient and Emax. GAGs decreased the allosteric inhibition of P2X7 receptor through Mg2+. GAGs activated P2X7 receptor-mediated cytoplasmic Ca2+ influx and pore formation. Consequently, wild-type CHO-K1 cells were 2.5-fold more sensitive to cell death induced through P2X7 agonists than mutant CHO-745 cells defective in GAGs biosynthesis. In the present study, we provide the first evidence that the P2X7 receptor interacts with CD44 on the CHO-K1 cell surface. Thus, these data demonstrated that GAGs positively modulate the P2X7 receptor, and sCD44 is a part of a regulatory positive feedback loop linking P2X7 receptor activation for the intracellular response mediated through P2X7 receptor stimulation.
Nitroreductase gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy: insights and advances toward clinical utility
Authors: Williams Elsie M. , Little Rory F. , Mowday Alexandra M. , Rich Michelle H. , Chan-Hyams Jasmine V.E. , Copp Janine N. , Smaill Jeff B. , Patterson Adam V. , Ackerley David F. 
Published: October 2015

This review examines the vast catalytic and therapeutic potential offered by type I (i.e. oxygen-insensitive) nitroreductase enzymes in partnership with nitroaromatic prodrugs, with particular focus on gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT; a form of cancer gene therapy). Important first indications of this potential were demonstrated over 20 years ago, for the enzyme–prodrug pairing of Escherichia coli NfsB and CB1954 [5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide]. However, it has become apparent that both the enzyme and the prodrug in this prototypical pairing have limitations that have impeded their clinical progression. Recently, substantial advances have been made in the biodiscovery and engineering of superior nitroreductase variants, in particular development of elegant high-throughput screening capabilities to enable optimization of desirable activities via directed evolution. These advances in enzymology have been paralleled by advances in medicinal chemistry, leading to the development of second- and third-generation nitroaromatic prodrugs that offer substantial advantages over CB1954 for nitroreductase GDEPT, including greater dose-potency and enhanced ability of the activated metabolite(s) to exhibit a local bystander effect. In addition to forging substantial progress towards future clinical trials, this research is supporting other fields, most notably the development and improvement of targeted cellular ablation capabilities in small animal models, such as zebrafish, to enable cell-specific physiology or regeneration studies.
Experimental demonstration of plastic optical fibre‐based digitised radio over fibre downlink
Authors: Thomas V.A. , Liu D. , El‐Hajjar M. , Hanzo L. 
Published: October 2015

Fibre links that are a few hundreds of metres long are needed for in‐building networks. However, the transmission of radio‐frequency (RF) signals through low‐cost, easily installable plastic optical fibre (POF) is severely limited by their bandwidth‐length products. Digitised radio over fibre (DROF) converts the RF signal into a baseband signal through bandpass sampling prior to its transmission, thereby reducing the fibre bandwidth required for the RF signal's transmission. For the first time, a POF‐based DROF link relying on the Ethernet protocol is proposed and the initial experimental results for a link that employs a 143 m long step‐index POF and uncoded RF modulation are presented. A 5 GHz RF signal through the POF is transmitted. The same method can be employed for higher RF carriers as well. The RF bit rate was ∼30% of the protocol‐dependent DROF bit rate.
Global English, discourse and translation
Authors: House Juliane 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This paper first briefly discusses the relationship between comparative discourse analyses of original and translated texts as the basis for revealing the behavior of a particular linguistic phenomenon in context and use. Concretely, the paper examines how global English impacts on translations from English into German with regard to so-called ‘linking constructions,’ a hitherto rather neglected area of connectivity in discourse. The analysis focusses on the forms, functions, distribution, and the translation equivalents in parallel and comparable corpora. Results indicate that the use of linking constructions differs substantially in English and German discourse, and these differences may well block English influence on German discourse norms via translation.
Effectiveness of a Refuge for Lake Trout in Western Lake Superior I: Empirical Analysis of Past Performance
Authors: Johnson Melissa J. , Hansen Michael J. , Seider Michael J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Gull Island Shoal Refuge was created in 1976 in response to overfishing of the Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush population in the Apostle Islands region of western Lake Superior. Our objective was to evaluate effectiveness of the refuge by determining whether Lake Trout abundance, growth, maturity, and mortality differed inside and outside the refuge. We compared abundance of wild and stocked fish captured inside and outside the refuge during spring large-mesh gill-net and summer graded-mesh gill-net surveys. We compared growth and mortality during four periods corresponding to four generations of wild Lake Trout, including the last generation that hatched before the refuge was instituted (sampled in 1981–1984) and three generations that were protected by the refuge (sampled in 1985–1992, 1993–2000, and 2001–2010). Maturity of wild fish inside and outside the refuge was compared only for the latter period (2001–2010) because maturity was not assessed earlier. After the refuge was created, wild Lake Trout abundance increased and stocked Lake Trout abundance decreased. Wild adults and juveniles were more abundant inside than outside the refuge, and stocked adults were less abundant inside than outside the refuge. Growth of wild fish did not differ inside versus outside the refuge before 2001, but wild fish grew faster to a shorter asymptotic length inside than outside the refuge during 2001–2010. Wild fish matured at a similar length but an older age inside than outside the refuge during 2001–2010. Survival of wild fish did not differ inside versus outside the refuge before 1993, but mortality was lower inside than outside the refuge during later periods (1993–2000 and 2001–2010). We conclude that the Gull Island Shoal Refuge enhanced the population growth of wild Lake Trout in the Apostle Islands region and should be retained in the future to sustain conditions that favor population growth.
Received November 14, 2014; accepted July 8, 2015
Selective hydrogenolysis of raw glycerol to 1,2-propanediol over Cu–ZnO catalysts in fixed-bed reactor
Authors: Gao Qiang , Xu Bolian , Tong Qing , Fan Yining 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The catalytic properties of Cu–ZnO catalysts for glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO) were tested in a fixed-bed reactor at 250 °C and 2.0 MPa H2. The relation between composition, surface properties, and catalytic performance of glycerol hydrogenation of Cu–ZnO catalysts was studied using nitrogen adsorption (BET methods), XRD, H2 temperature-programmed reduction, and N2O chemisorptions. It was found that there was a close link between the surface CuO amount of Cu–ZnO catalyst and the reactivity for glycerol hydrogenation. The Cu–ZnO catalyst (Cu/Zn = 1.86) which had the highest surface Cu amount showed the best catalytic activity for glycerol hydrogenolysis. Furthermore, Cu–ZnO catalyst presented good stability and remarkable catalytic activity for glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,2-PDO using raw glycerol derived from the fat saponification as feedstock.
Use of Lipid-Extracted Distillers Dried Grain with Solubles (DDGS) in Diets for Pacific White Shrimp
Authors: Rhodes Melanie A , Yu Denghang , Zhou Yangen , Allen Davis D 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A series of trials (one growth trial and two digestibility trials) were conducted to evaluate the response of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to the inclusion of lipid-extracted distillers dried grain with solubles (LE-DDGS). In the growth trial, a practical basal diet was developed for shrimp using soybean meal (56.76% diet) and fish meal (6% diet) as the primary protein sources. The LE-DDGS was substituted for soybean meal on an isonitrogenous basis at five levels of inclusion (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%) with lysine supplemented to diets containing 30% and 40% LE-DDGS. A sixth diet containing 40% LE-DDGS but without a lysine supplement was also evaluated. The diets were offered to four replicate (15 shrimp/tank) groups of shrimp per treatment over an 8-week growth trial. At the end of the growth trial shrimp offered diets containing from 0% to 20% LE-DDGS performed similarly. Performance of shrimp fed higher levels of LE-DDGS was reduced but similar to each other. Removing the lysine supplement from the diet containing 40% LE-DDGS did not result in reduced performance of the shrimp, indicating lysine was not limiting in these feeds. In two digestibility trials, the LE-DDGS digestibility coefficients were determined in Pacific white shrimp for dry matter (ADMD), energy (AED), and crude protein (APD) using 1% chromic oxide as the inert marker with 70:30 replacement strategies. The ADMD, AED, and APD coefficient values for LE-DDGS were 53.77, 36.94, and 55.71 for digestibility trial 1 and 42.43, 44.65, and 20.87 for digestibility trial 2, respectively. Results from the digestibility data do not match the results of the growth trial, as poor digestibility would have resulted in more pronounced reduction in performance. Hence, this digestibility technique may not be appropriate for this type of ingredient. Based on the observed results the inclusion of LE-DDGS up to 20% of the diet is recommended.
Initiating technical refinements in high‐level golfers: Evidence for contradictory procedures
Authors: Carson Howie J. , Collins Dave , Richards Jim 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWhen developing motor skills there are several outcomes available to an athlete depending on their skill status and needs. Whereas the skill acquisition and performance literature is abundant, an under‐researched outcome relates to the refinement of already acquired and well‐established skills. Contrary to current recommendations for athletes to employ an external focus of attention and a representative practice design, Carson and Collins' (2011) [Refining and regaining skills in fixation/diversification stage performers: The Five‐A Model. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 4, 146–167. doi:10.1080/1750984x.2011.613682] Five‐A Model requires an initial narrowed internal focus on the technical aspect needing refinement: the implication being that environments which limit external sources of information would be beneficial to achieving this task. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to (1) provide a literature‐based explanation for why techniques counter to current recommendations may be (temporarily) appropriate within the skill refinement process and (2) provide empirical evidence for such efficacy. Kinematic data and self‐perception reports are provided from high‐level golfers attempting to consciously initiate technical refinements while executing shots onto a driving range and into a close proximity net (i.e. with limited knowledge of results). It was hypothesised that greater control over intended refinements would occur when environmental stimuli were reduced in the most unrepresentative practice condition (i.e. hitting into a net). Results confirmed this, as evidenced by reduced intra‐individual movement variability for all participants’ individual refinements, despite little or no difference in mental effort reported. This research offers coaches guidance when working with performers who may find conscious recall difficult during the skill refinement process.
The Impact of the Second Seasonal Spawn on the Nantucket Population of the Northern Bay Scallop
Authors: Hall Valerie A. , Liu Chang , Cadrin Steven X. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Nantucket, Massachusetts, has one of the last remaining commercial fisheries of the bay scallop Argopecten irradians, which is based largely on natural recruitment. Though previously thought to spawn only once in early summer at age 1, individuals of the northern subspecies often spawn again in late summer or fall, and recruits from this second spawning can survive to reproduce again in their second summer. We formulated an age-based Leslie matrix model and estimated population growth rate with and without a second spawn based on data from 5 years of life history research. Elasticity analysis revealed that the population growth rate was most sensitive to juvenile survival, the major factor in recruitment rate, and year-1 adult fertility was a close second. We varied those two rates randomly in a stochastic matrix model, which represented the effect of environmental fluctuations on population growth. A life history modeled with a second spawn had a negligible effect on the deterministic population growth rate under constant conditions, but under variable conditions the second spawn increased the mean of the stochastic growth rates up to 58.3% over that of a single early-spawning life history. These results suggest that the second spawn is a successful bet-hedging strategy. The northern bay scallop increases its chances for successful recruitment in a variable environment by spreading reproductive effort over more than one period in a season. This strategy appears to have sustained the Nantucket scallop population in spite of severe annual fluctuations and the eventual collapse seen in other locations.
Received March 6, 2015; accepted June 19, 2015
Improving Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination Rates in Ambulatory Specialty Practices
Authors: Pennant Keyana N. , Costa John J. , Fuhlbrigge Anne L. , Sax Paul E. , Szent-Gyorgyi Lara E. , Coblyn Jonathan , Desai Sonali P. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Background.  Influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations are recommended for elderly and high-risk patients; however, rates of adherence are low. We sought to implement influenza and pneumococcal vaccine initiatives in 4 different ambulatory specialty practices, using 3 unique approaches.
Methods.  Four specialties with high-risk patient populations were selected for intervention: allergy (asthma), infectious disease (ID) (human immunodeficiency virus), pulmonary (chronic lung disease), and rheumatology (immunocompromised). Allergy and ID focused on influenza vaccination, and pulmonary and rheumatology focused on pneumococcal vaccination. We used 3 strategies for quality improvement: physician reminders, patient letters, and a nurse-driven model. Physicians were provided their performance data on a monthly basis and presented trended data on a quarterly basis at staff meetings.
Results.  All 4 specialties developed processes for improving vaccination rates with all showing some increase. Higher rates were achieved with pneumococcal vaccine than influenza. Pneumococcal vaccine rates showed steady improvement from year to year while influenza vaccine rates remained relatively constant. Allergy's influenza rate was 59% in 2011 and 64% in the 2014 flu season. Infectious disease influenza rates moved from 74% in the 2011 flu season to 86% for the 2014 season. Pneumococcal vaccine in pulmonary patients' rate was 52% at the start of intervention in February 2009 and 79% as of January 2015. Rheumatology rates rose from 50% in February 2009 to 87% in January 2015.
Conclusions.  Integrated routine workflow and performance data sharing can effectively engage specialists and staff in vaccine adherence improvement. Influenza vaccination may require other approaches to achieve the rates seen with pneumococcal vaccine.
Sphinx: modeling transcriptional heterogeneity in single-cell RNA-Seq
Authors: Gu Jinghua , Gu Qiumei , Wang Xuan , Yu Pingjian , Lin Wei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe significance of single-cell transcription resides not only in the cumulative expression strength of the cell population but also in its heterogeneity. We propose a new model that improves the detection of changes in the transcriptional heterogeneity pattern of RNA-Seq data using two heterogeneity parameters: ‘burst proportion’ and ‘burst magnitude’, whose changes are validated using RNA-FISH. Transcriptional ‘co-bursting’ – governed by distinct mechanisms during myoblast proliferation and differentiation – is described here.
CHiCAGO: Robust Detection of DNA Looping Interactions in Capture Hi-C data
Authors: Cairns Jonathan , Freire-Pritchett Paula , Wingett Steven W. , Várnai Csilla , Dimond Andrew , Plagnol Vincent , Zerbino Daniel , Schoenfelder Stefan , Javierre Biola-Maria , Osborne Cameron , Fraser Peter , Spivakov Mikhail 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTCapture Hi-C (CHi-C) is a state-of-the art method for profiling chromosomal interactions involving targeted regions of interest (such as gene promoters) globally and at high resolution. Signal detection in CHi-C data involves a number of statistical challenges that are not observed when using other Hi-C-like techniques. We present a background model, and algorithms for normalisation and multiple testing that are specifically adapted to CHi-C experiments, in which many spatially dispersed regions are captured, such as in Promoter CHi-C. We implement these procedures in CHiCAGO (http://regulatorygenomicsgroup.org/chicago), an open-source package for robust interaction detection in CHi-C. We validate CHiCAGO by showing that promoter-interacting regions detected with this method are enriched for regulatory features and disease-associated SNPs.