bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery from alcohol use disorder: Reinforcer pathology theory, measurement, and methods
Authors: Bickel Warren K. , Witkiewitz Katie , Athamneh Liqa N. , Kuhlemeier Alena 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a dynamic process that often entails periods of drinking but has been defined primarily by abstinence. Recently, a broader interpretation of recovery was developed, including meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) remission criteria and improved psychosocial functioning. This new understanding of recovery has facilitated the development of novel theories and methodologies. This paper reviews a new theoretical perspective of recovery, Reinforcer Pathology, and two novel methodological approaches in light of this broader view of recovery. Using this theoretical framework as a foundation, we propose an alternative perspective to explain the recovery process as it relates to environmental factors and valuation of the future; we suggest that changing the environment in which substances are available (e.g., increasing non‐alcohol‐related activities) and extending one's temporal window are associated with improved recovery outcomes (e.g., remission and quality of life). In this review, we discuss two novel methodological approaches. The first uses latent profile analysis to show that using a measure of Relative Reinforcement Value of Alcohol‐Free Activities is associated with a greater likelihood of belonging to a high functioning/infrequent heavy drinking recovery profile. The second developed an online national sample and used an accelerated longitudinal design to study longer‐term recovery of up to 12 years over a 5‐year study period. Reinforcer Pathology theory, novel methods, and measures may further our understanding of recovery and begin to address critical questions for future studies. Subsequent randomized clinical trials should examine whether the suggested targets and interventions based on the theoretical model improve recovery outcomes prospectively. Measuring and promoting alcohol‐free activity engagement may facilitate improved recovery outcomes, while novel methodologies permit an understanding of returning to use or remission across different recovery durations.
The financial resource curse: Interest rate deregulation and firms' shadow banking activities
Authors: Xu Si , Wang Zhiyuan , Cao Chunfang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBy exploiting China's 2013 interest rate deregulation, we analyse whether the financial resource curse exists. The results show that after the deregulation, low‐risk firms with more credit resources engage in more shadow banking activities, which preliminarily confirms the existence of the financial resource curse. Moreover, this effect is pronounced in firms located in regions with high credit marketisation and firms with bank connections. However, this effect is weakened in firms with strong internal governance and external supervision, and SOEs. Finally, additional analyses reveal that active participation in shadow banking activities hinders low‐risk firms' long‐term growth, and receives unfavourable market feedback.
The ultrastructure of peroxisomes in the kidney of the camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Eissa Lemiaa , Elhassan Mortada M. O. , Ismail Haider I. , Ali Hassan A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDromedary camels can survive and reproduce in desert areas. The unique anatomical structure of the kidney enables the camel to prevent water loss. The present study aimed to investigate the ultrastructure of the peroxisomes in the normal kidney of the adult dromedary camel. Tissue samples were taken from the cortex and outer medulla of the kidney of eight camels. The samples were then processed for histological and ultrastructural investigations. The epithelial cells of the proximal tubules displayed peroxisomes with varying sizes and shapes. The peroxisomes were observed in either dispersed or clustered arrangement. Each peroxisome exhibited a homogenous matrix enveloped by a single membrane. Several peroxisomes exhibited one or more dark marginal plates that were always strongly associated with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The intensity of the peroxisomal matrix differed significantly, either within the same cell or across different cells. The intensity was light or dark, with a few peroxisomes presenting a similar intensity to that of the mitochondria. Some peroxisomes contained nucleoids within their matrix. The peroxisomes in the first and second sections of proximal convoluted tubules were scattered and primarily located in the region between the microvilli and the underlying mitochondria. The peroxisomes in the third region were abundant and frequently aggregated in clusters throughout the cytoplasm. In the fourth region, the number of peroxisomes was low. The proximal straight tubule had a limited quantity of peroxisomes. In conclusion, peroxisomes in the proximal tubule in kidney of normal dromedary camel were similar in shape and size to other mammals; however, heterogeneity exists as a result of differences in species‐specific peroxisomal proteins. Peroxisomes are suggested to be a major source of metabolic energy and act as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavengers, resulting in the release of water and oxygen.
Biomarkers for a less invasive strategy to predict children with eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Thulin Helena , Mansouri Ladan , Altman Maria , Merid Simon Kebede , Lundahl Joachim , Nilsson Caroline , Säfholm Jesper 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundNoninvasive biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) are currently lacking. This study evaluates 20 biomarkers in serum and saliva, aiming to assess their diagnostic potential in pediatric EoE patients and healthy individuals.MethodsBlood and saliva from children undergoing upper endoscopy were analyzed for biomarkers, including absolute eosinophil count (AEC), eosinophil‐derived neurotoxin (EDN), total and specific IgG4‐antibodies (sIgG4), specific IgE‐antibodies (sIgE) and 15‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)‐HETE). Some patients participated twice, forming a longitudinal cohort. The ability to use the biomarkers to predict the EoE diagnosis was evaluated.ResultsAnalysis from 105 children divided into active EoE, remission, and healthy, revealed elevated levels of serum biomarkers (AEC, EDN, 15(S)‐HETE, sIgG4, and sIgE) in active EoE compared to healthy individuals. A combination of biomarkers (AEC, EDN, sIgE to egg white and wheat) and symptoms showed an AUC of 0.92 in distinguishing between the three groups. We further showed that optimal cutoff values for these biomarkers could discriminate between active EoE and healthy with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 100% in distinguishing EoE (active and in remission) from healthy. Longitudinally, levels of EDN, sIgG4 to Bos d 4, Bos d 5, Bos d 8, gliadin, and birch, and sIgE to milk decreased in patients progressing from active EoE to remission (p <.05).ConclusionsThis study identified novel biomarkers associated with EoE and proposes a panel, together with symptoms, for effective discrimination between active EoE, EoE in remission, and healthy individuals. The findings may contribute to a less invasive diagnostic method and may be a potential surveillance tool for pediatric EoE patients.
Genomic testing for differences of sex development: Practices and perceptions of clinicians
Authors: Atlas Gabby , Hanna Chloe , Tan Tiong Yang , Nisselle Amy , Tucker Elena , Ayers Katie , Sinclair Andrew , O'Connell Michele A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the approach taken by clinicians involved in the diagnosis and management of individuals with Differences of Sex Development (DSD), particularly with regard to genomic testing, and identify perceived gaps/strengths/barriers in current practice.Design and MethodsAn anonymous online survey was developed, with questions exploring demographics, perceptions of genomic testing, availability of genetics services and opinions on the role and utility of genomic testing in DSD. All responses were anonymous. Clinicians involved in the diagnosis and management of individuals with DSD were recruited from relevant societies and departments across Australia and New Zealand.Results79 eligible clinicians commenced the survey, with 63 completing it and 16 providing a partial response. The perceived benefit of having a genetic diagnosis for DSD was almost unanimous (97%). Almost half (48%) of respondents reported barriers in genomic testing. 81% of respondents reported they order genomic tests currently. Approaches to genomic testing when faced with four different clinical scenarios varied across respondents. Clinicians perceived genomic testing to be underutilised (median 36 on sliding scale from 0 to 100).ConclusionsDespite 97% of respondents reporting benefit of a genetic diagnosis for individuals with DSD, this was not reflected throughout the survey with regard to clinical implementation. When faced with clinical scenarios, the recommendations for genomic testing from respondents was much lower, indicating the discrepancy between perception and clinical practice. Genomic testing in the context of DSD is seen as both beneficial and desired, yet there are multiple barriers impacting its integration into standard clinical care.
Development of an immunoprecipitation assay for detecting anti‐3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase autoantibodies using a non‐radioactive biotinylated recombinant protein
Authors: Nishikawa Yukihiro , Hasegawa Kimiko , Abe Hiroki , Matsuzawa Shun , Isayama Takuya , Nakashima Ran , Saito Yoshihiko , Nishino Ichizo , Kuwana Masataka 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesA variety of myositis‐specific autoantibodies have been identified in sera from patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, and they play a crucial role in tailoring personalized disease management. In particular, autoantibodies against 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) are now recognized as a key tool for diagnosing immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy. The current gold standard for detecting anti‐HMGCR autoantibodies involves immunoprecipitation (IP) using radiolabeled proteins from cell extracts or purified proteins produced by in vitro transcription/translation (IVTT). Unfortunately, this radioisotope labeling is technically intricate and not suitable for routine laboratory use. To address this, we developed a novel assay called “Bio‐IVTT‐IP” for detecting anti‐HMGCR autoantibodies, which uses a nonradioactive biotinylated recombinant HMGCR protein produced by IVTT.MethodsWe collected 14 clinical specimens containing anti‐HMGCR autoantibodies from patients with immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy, which were validated using the gold standard IP assay, and a set of 35 control samples from patients with other autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus.ResultsThe Bio‐IVTT‐IP assay successfully identified 14 clinical samples positive for anti‐HMGCR. We confirmed that the performance of the Bio‐IVTT‐IP assay was completely consistent with that of the gold standard IP assay using radiolabeled proteins. Notably, no immunoprecipitates were found in control samples from patients with other autoimmune diseases.ConclusionsThese findings show that the Bio‐IVTT‐IP assay can serve as a potential alternative to the gold standard IP assay for detecting anti‐HMGCR autoantibodies. It can be considered a practical immunodiagnostic tool for diagnosing immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy, particularly owing to its accessibility in routine laboratory settings.
The varying effects of benefit types on community members' views of whether they gain from wildlife
Authors: Carpenter Stefan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCommunity‐based conservation (CBC) is a popular governance approach that asks rural populations to sustainably manage local wildlife resources. CBC programs often rely on the distribution of wildlife benefits to communities to foster tolerance of wildlife, with the idea that those benefits can offset costs arising from human‐wildlife conflict. A survey of residents in four Namibian CBC areas found that different benefit types varied significantly in their relationship with whether respondents felt that wildlife improved their lives. Some higher monetary value benefits evidenced a negative and/or non‐significant relationship with respondents' perceptions, whereas meat‐based benefits were associated with a greater likelihood of residents feeling that they benefited from wildlife. These findings suggest that the impact of different benefit types in CBC programs may depend on a host of cultural/social, psychological, and community‐specific factors. From a practical standpoint, the form of direct monetary benefits may matter, and cultural considerations likely play an important role in determining which and when specific benefits are more effective.
Opportunities to optimize lifestyle interventions in combination with glucagon‐like peptide‐1‐based therapy
Authors: Dash Satya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObesity is a chronic multi‐system disease and major driver of type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic disease. Nutritional interventions form the cornerstone of obesity and type 2 diabetes management. Some interventions such as Mediterranean diet can reduce incident cardiovascular disease, probably independently of weight loss. Weight loss of 5% or greater can improve many adiposity‐related comorbidities. Although this can be achieved with lifestyle intervention, it is often difficult to sustain in the longer term due to adaptive endocrine changes. In recent years glucagon‐like‐peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) have emerged as effective treatments for both type 2 diabetes and obesity. Newer GLP‐1RAs can achieve average weight loss of 15% or greater and improve cardiometabolic health. There is heterogeneity in the weight loss response to GLP‐1RAs, with a substantial number of patients unable to achieve 5% or greater weight. Weight loss, on average, is lower in older adults, male patients and people with type 2 diabetes. Mechanistic studies are needed to understand the aetiology of this variable response. Gastrointestinal side effects leading to medication discontinuation are a concern with GLP‐1RA treatment, based on real‐world data. With weight loss of 20% or higher with newer GLP‐1RAs, nutritional deficiency and sarcopenia are also potential concerns. Lifestyle interventions that may potentially mitigate the side effects of GLP‐1RA treatment and enhance weight loss are discussed here. The efficacy of such interventions awaits confirmation with well‐designed randomized controlled trials.
Exploring the causes, consequences, and solutions of Chinese EFL teachers' psychological ill‐being: A qualitative investigation
Authors: Ding Lan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTeachers' psycho‐affective states are considerably reported to play a vital role in English as a foreign language (EFL) education. However, the overall mechanism, realization, and representation of teachers' psychological ill‐being (PIB) have been widely kept under the shadow of well‐being. To fill this gap, this qualitative investigation examined 46 Chinese EFL teachers' perceptions about the causes, outcomes and solutions of PIB. The results of thematic analysis revealed that PIB was caused by different personal, interpersonal, professional, task, student and contextual factors among Chinese EFL teachers. More specifically, ill‐being emerged out of “heavy workload pressure”, “mental and physical exhaustion”, “unrelated tasks to teaching”, “students' classroom behavior and performance”, “unfriendly school climate”, “poor interpersonal relationships with colleagues” and “social and cultural environment”. The findings also indicated that teachers' ill‐being led to different outcomes such as “reducing teaching quality”, “creating negative emotions”, “causing physical and mental health problems”, “leading to burnout” and “hurting students' feeling and learning rate”. To solve this aversive state, the participants suggested different techniques such as “reducing workload”, “learning emotion regulation strategies”, “establishing a positive classroom/school climate”, “offering teacher training courses”, “providing support and facilities for teachers”, “increasing salary” and “reading books”. A discussion of the findings and implications for EFL teachers, teacher educators and policy‐makers is provided to enhance their emotional literacy and competency regarding negative teacher‐related emotions in L2 teaching.
Seven reasons why elementary school teachers do not encourage their students' metacognition in L1 language lessons
Authors: Colognesi Stéphane , Coppe Thibault , Dannau Lara , Barbier Elise 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSpecifically in the field of language teaching, it has been recognized that metacognitive strategies maximize language acquisition and improve performance. But despite this, it appears that few teachers currently consider metacognition in their teaching practices. The current study adopted a qualitative design to focus on the reasons that inhibit teachers in French‐speaking Belgium from prompting their students to engage in metacognition in first‐language (L1) lessons. Semistructured interviews were conducted with seven teachers. The teachers in our sample believed that use of metacognitive strategies can provide benefits for students. But despite this, they explicitly said that they do not prompt their students to engage in metacognition in L1 language lessons. And this for seven specific reasons, as outlined in the article. Knowing these reasons allows us to target the points of attention to be had in training teachers in metacognition in L1.
A framework for rapid fatigue hotspot localization and damage assessment of plate with multiple holes based on the fatigue damage response spectrum method
Authors: Cui Dengkai , Xie Ruili , Li Ming , Cheng Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel framework for the random vibration fatigue assessment of thin‐walled plate with multiple holes based on the fatigue damage response spectrum method. Compared with other frequency‐domain evaluation methods, this framework fully exploits the dynamic characteristics of complex structures, decoupling the external excitation characteristics from the spatial characteristics of the structural response. This approach significantly enhances evaluation efficiency by avoiding the complex calculations associated with stress response spectral moments. The proposed method is employed to evaluate the contribution of each mode to the overall damage, additionally, the stress mode shapes are used to identify and refine the mesh around fatigue hotspots. Modal damage contribution factors are proposed to identify the key modes. By leveraging both structural dimension reduction and modal reduction techniques, the proposed framework can swiftly and accurately locate fatigue hotspots within complex structures and conduct precise fatigue assessments using the Absolute Sum ‐ Square Root of the Sum of Squares hybrid method. Finite element simulation analysis is conducted on a single‐lap structure containing numerous circular openings, validating the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed stochastic vibration fatigue assessment.
A modified critical distance method for estimating fretting fatigue life of dovetail joints
Authors: Zhu Xiaodong , Chen Xuejun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a modified theory of critical distance (TCD) method (i.e., Gradient‐TCD method) is proposed, which combines fatigue parameter gradient and the TCD, to estimate fretting fatigue life of dovetail joints. The advantage of Gradient‐TCD method lies in utilizing the gradient parameters to effectively characterize the local effect zone caused by fretting, thereby enabling the determination of a suitable critical distance length independent of material fatigue parameters. The reliability and predictive capability of the method is validated through experimental results. Furthermore, this method demonstrates insensitivity to mesh size, resulting in an 83.6% reduction in computational time while maintaining the predictions within the two‐times scatter band. The novel Gradient‐TCD method may provide an efficient and reliable approach for fretting fatigue life prediction, which holds promise for evaluating complex full‐scale fretting problems.
Deformation behavior of plastic zone at crack tip of 304 stainless steel
Authors: Sun Tianyi , Zhu Yongmei , Deng Yi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the deformation behavior of plastic zone at crack tip during crack propagation of 304 stainless steel was studied. Firstly, the fatigue crack propagation tests of 304 stainless steel material were carried out. Combined with digital image correlation (DIC) technology, the strain field data of plastic zone at crack tip, the size of plastic zone, and the strain evolution law of crack tip region at different positions were obtained. Then, combined with the theoretical model and the numerical model, the theoretical, numerical, and experimental results were compared to verify the accuracy of the model. Finally, the effects of cyclic loading, specimen thickness, and weld position on plastic zone at crack tip were analyzed. The research results provide a reference for accurately predicting the fatigue crack growth of 304 stainless steel.
Impact of omission of routine blood monitoring of stable patients living with HIV during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Swift Eleanor , Upton George , Fitzpatrick Colin , Roberts Jonathan , Gilleece Yvonne , Clarke Amanda 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe British HIV Association (BHIVA) guidelines were amended during the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic, allowing for less frequent monitoring of routine bloods. We assessed the impact of this on patient outcomes.MethodsBetween April 2020 and March 2021, routine blood appointments at our HIV clinic were replaced by virtual consultations in ‘stable’ people living with HIV (PLWH), defined using standard operating procedure (SOP) criteria. All had an undetectable HIV viral load (VL) (<50 copies/mL). Demographic, HIV clinical information, and antiretroviral treatment (ART) data were collated using the electronic patient record (EPR). Blood results from before (baseline) and after (follow‐up) the omitted appointment were analysed for each parameter.ResultsIn all, 791/2395 PLWH were scheduled to have blood tests omitted; 381 were excluded for reasons including not fitting the SOP criteria or presenting to clinic early, and 410 were included in analysis. The demographics of the group were consistent with our whole HIV cohort. HIV VL became detectable in 8/410 individuals (1.95%, range 51–730 copies/mL). VL resuppressed in 6/8 after a median of 29 days. VL remained detectable in two individuals, both of whom remain in care. Routine blood monitoring revealed baseline and follow‐up blood parameters that were largely within normal range. Four out of 12 parameters had statistically significant changes but were not considered clinically significant; 59/410 (14.4%) changed ART, most commonly for simplification.ConclusionFor the majority of stable PLWH included in our evaluation, the omission of routine blood monitoring during the pandemic did not have a negative impact on HIV suppression or blood monitoring outcomes. ART switch was uncommon.