bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissonance, truth and the political limits of possibility in MMOs
Authors: Weihl Harrington 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article argues and synthesizes two fundamental points about the Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game (MMO), with World of Warcraft and Star Wars: The Old Republic serving as the chief examples of the genre. The first is that the use of ethical dilemmas in MMOs is a content-level manifestation of their unique fit to the current moment of late capitalism insofar as such dilemmas stage freedom of choice and action within a structure that restricts autonomy. The second is that the ludonarrative dissonance (via both Lukacs and Hocking) instigated by the merger of the closed, ‘epic’ form of the video game and the open-ended social aspects introduced in the MMO is a formal aesthetic response to late capitalism. These two threads of argument dovetail into a conclusion on the status of the MMO as a tool of hegemony – a cultural product that manifests and reinforces the norms of the present moment and at the same time has the potential to be repurposed for liberatory ends.
Lost/gained in translation: Oware 3D, Ananse: The Origin and questions of hegemony
Authors: Opoku-Agyemang Kwabena 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The computer and its related technology are typically interpreted as signifiers of western culture. Thus, when a ‘non-western’ cultural product is parsed through an electronic format, there is the inevitable gesture towards the extent to which the process of adaptation is a ‘westernized’ one. Irrespective of the tenuous nature of this question, hegemonic repercussions occur; thus this article considers the literary as well as socio-political implications of two different adaptations of aspects of traditional Ghanaian culture into mobile video games. The two games are Kobla Nyomi’s Oware 3D (2014), which is the virtual descendant of the Akan traditional board game Oware; and the Leti Arts produced Ananse: The Origin (2014), which refashions the Akan folk tale trickster Kweku Ananse into a superhero. This article processes the two adaptations as paraphrase and translation, respectively: the paraphrase from a board game to a mobile video board game on the one hand, and the translation from an oral literature-based folk tale to a mobile video action/adventure game. This comparative analysis is undertaken in the context of the game-making hegemony that is concomitant not only with globalization and cultural exchange, but also with the intersections between creative license and tradition.
Fighting heroic hegemony with ennui: The remarkable everyday in World of Warcraft
Authors: Roy Dibyadyuti 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article explores the predominance of mundane everyday tasks within the World of Warcraft (WoW) gamespace to emphasize the importance of the quotidian within this purported heroic environment. The importance of what is understood to be ordinary-everyday-tasks in accomplishing heroic quests, I argue, challenges popular and scholarly perceptions of WoW, as a gendered gaming space based in heroic time and presumably inhabited by skilled male technocrats. I illustrate that the WoW game-environment, in offering players the option of in-game progression not only through slaying dragons but also by picking herbs and sewing clothes makes a definite rupture in the idea of heroic temporality, which is traditionally understood as masculine while the everyday is essentialized as feminine. Without gendering any task as either feminine or masculine I assert that heroic identity in WoW is extensively influenced by everyday ennui, to the extent that maintenance of heroic status quo often means a regular engagement with the quotidian. By allowing for the possibility of gameplay in multiple temporal modes WoW challenges social constructions of heroic time as masculine and everyday time as feminine. In doing so these multiple temporalities open out possibilities for perceiving the WoW landscape as ideal for resisting hegemonies of masculinized heroism and the creation and sustenance of alternative modes of agency.
The documentary script as an oxymoron?
Authors: Winston Brian 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Brian Winston is a British screenwriter who focuses on documentaries; he won an Emmy Award in 1985 for his work on Heritage: Civilization and the Jews, Episode 8, ‘Out of the Ashes’ (1919–1947). Other credits include A Boatload of Wild Irishmen (2010). In his keynote address at the Screenwriting Research Network Potsdam conference in 2014, Winston, with passion and humour and his knowledge, addressed the ‘script’ and engaged the audience of academics, graduate students and industry practitioners in re-assessing what signifies a screenplay in the world of documentary filmmaking.
The three-act structure: Myth or magical formula?
Authors: Brütsch Matthias 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Since Syd Field published his book Screenplay in 1979, the three-act structure has become a dominant tool for analysing screenplays and films. While the formulaic nature and constricting effects of this ‘paradigm’ have often been criticized by adherents of independent films, until now its explanatory suitability to classical and mainstream filmmaking has rarely been questioned as such. After commenting on the history of the concept, the article examines how well the model works in practice by statistically evaluating a large number of studies by different authors. This comparison reveals that there is a surprisingly low consensus on how to divide films into three acts. The discrepancies seem fundamentally due to the imprecision and vagueness of the paradigm’s core ideas, and thus neither the functions ascribed to acts nor the concept of plot points appear to be valid tools for ensuring consistency in analysis. Hence mainstream film needs to be seen as more complex – and structural analysis more a matter of interpretation – than the model allows for.
The fantasy and war genres: Invasion, the alternate plane and displacement
Authors: Selbo Jule 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Films employing the fantasy/war genre are top box office attractions. There is much for the screenwriter, or for those who guide screenwriters, to consider in this fact. This article will explore the reasons for the popularity of this film genre hybrid and contrast these films’ lure to narratives in the war genre told through a straightforward, realistic method. The article will also investigate how the fantasy/war genre, using elements of the fantastical fairy tale or using the fantastical alternate plane in films such as Alice in Wonderland (2010), World War Z (2012) and Red Dawn (1984, 2012), provide a desired displacement for an audience in regards to conscious or sub-conscious anxieties regarding living in a world in constant war.
Screenwriting and authorial control in narrative video games
Authors: Wellenreiter Michael 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Film and television screenwriters who are accustomed to working in a linear, noninteractive mode of storytelling may find themselves struggling to communicate a coherent progression of plot, character and theme when tasked with providing multiple avenues for video game player narrative input. This may be especially problematic when writing single-player role-playing video games (RPGs), which have always permitted a certain co-authorial relationship between a game’s screenwriters and its players, due to the branching-path narrative complexity and performative or emergent gameplay possibilities that are hallmarks of the genre. Using a case study of the linear game, The Last of Us, in contrast to an analysis of the open-world role-playing games Fallout 3 and Mass Effect 3, I will examine reasons why a screenwriter may find himself or herself knowingly ceding narrative control to players due to reasons that relate to a player’s engagement with ideas of co-authorship.
Riding the Wave - creative preferences, spatial tension and transnational story components in the collaborations of Susanne Bier and Anders Thomas Jensen
Authors: Moore Cath 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
An edited extract from a paper presented at the 7th Screenwriting Research Network Conference Screenwriting and Directing Audiovisual Media in Potsdam in 2014, this article used a case-study approach to analyse the creative dimensions and narrative components present in two of the collaborations between filmmakers Susanne Bier (as director) and Anders Thomas Jensen (as screenwriter). I note in particular how the Bier/Jensen filmography represents a significant shift in Denmark’s international cinematic visibility and will look closely at two Bier/Jensen films: After the Wedding (2006) and In a Better World (2010). The article also explores how the utilization of what I term the trans-prefix paradigm as a methodological tool may contribute towards a better understanding of the story mechanisms within the screenplay as text and its transnational capacities.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Enterocin Producing Enterococci against Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Mojsova Sandra , Krstevski Kiril , Dzadzovski Igor , Popova Zagorka , Sekulovski Pavle 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The study investigated the antimicrobial activity of 13 enterococcal strains (E. faecalis -8, E. faecium-2, E. hirae-2, E. spp.-1) isolated from our traditional cheeses against pathogen microorganisms. Also, it includes the detection of the following enterocin structural genes: enterocin A, enterocin B, enterocin P, enterocin L50A/B, bacteriocin 31, enterocin AS48, enterocin Q, enterocin EJ97 and cytolysin by using PCR method. All isolates inhibited growth of L. monocytogenes and L.innocua. One isolate had a broader antimicrobial activity. None of the isolates showed inhibitory activity against S. enteritidis, E. coli and Y. enterocolitica. The genes enterocin P, cytolysin and enterocin A were the most frequently detected structural genes among the PCR positive strains. No amplification was obtained in two strains E. faecalis-25 and E. faecalis-86. Three different genes were identified in some strains. With the exclusion of strains possessing a virulence factor, such as cytolysin, producers of more than one enterocins could be of a great technological potential as protective cultures in the cheese industry.
Fetal exposure to ethanol: relationship between ethyl glucuronide in maternal hair during pregnancy and ethyl glucuronide in neonatal meconium
Authors: Joya Xavier , Marchei Emilia , Salat-Batlle Judith , García-Algar Oscar , Calvaresi Valeria , Pacifici Roberta , Pichini Simona 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn recent years, fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in meconium emerged as reliable, direct biological markers for establishing gestational ethanol exposure. We investigated whether EtG in maternal hair measured during the three trimesters of pregnancy correlated with EtG and FAEEs in neonatal meconium.In a prospective sample of 80 mother-infant dyads from Barcelona (Spain), we measured EtG and FAEE in maternal hair segments and meconium samples using a validated UHPLC-MS/MS method.Fifty-eight (72.5%) women had EtG concentrations in the hair shafts >7 pg/mg in one or more pregnancy trimesters, and EtG and FAEEs in meconium samples were documented in 50 and 24 of their neonates, respectively. The best significant correlations (p<0.0001) were found between EtG concentration in the proximal 0–3 and 3–6 hair shaft segments corresponding to the last two pregnancy trimesters and EtG in neonatal meconium (ρ=0.609 and ρ=0.577, respectively). Using the combination of EtG in meconium ≥30 ng/g and a median of EtG >11 pg/mg in maternal hair during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, prenatal ethanol exposure could be predicted with a sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 73.7%.This study provides evidence of proven fetal exposure to ethanol during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy by linking detection of ethanol biomarkers (EtG) in maternal hair segments and EtG in neonatal meconium.
A Democratic Opening? The AKP and the Kurdish Left
Authors: Cavanaugh Kathleen , Hughes Edel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSince its foundation, militant democratic arguments have underpinned an enforced secularism in Turkey. The 2002 election of the AKP, described as a “moderate Islamist party”, has challenged Turkey’s secular identity. In the more than twelve years since the AKP has been in power, Turkey’s political landscape has experienced significant changes, with periods of extensive democratic reforms punctuated by regression in certain areas, notably freedom of expression and the right to protest. State repressive measures coupled with Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s reluctance to exit the political stage have been the focus of much commentary and analysis. This article argues, however, that under AKP rule the Kurdish issue – critical to ensuring the normalization of politics and democratization in Turkey – has been brought in from the political cold and assesses the creation and role of the HDP (
Plasticizing effects of citrate esters on properties of poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Maiza Mounira , Benaniba Mohamed Tahar , Massardier-Nageotte Valérie 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Triethyl citrate (TEC) and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) were used as plasticizer for poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The treated and plasticized PLA at various concentrations were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and opacity. DSC was used to evaluate the crystallinity and thermal property of all the samples. It was found that the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the melting temperature (Tm) decreased as the amount of citrate esters increased. Additionally, the presence of TEC or ATBC tended to increase the crystallinity of PLA. This result was supported by XRD. DMA of plasticized PLA indicates that a decrease in Tg is obtained with increasing plasticizer content. FTIR spectra indicate that there are some molecular interactions by intermolecular hydrogen bonds between PLA and citrate esters. The effect of the concentration of plasticizer on the opacity of the films was negligible.
Die Bismarck – der Arena – das Adler
Authors: Nübling Damaris 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
German proper names divide in two large classes, with and without obligatory definite articles: die Bismarck ‘the (feminine) Bismarck – a ship’ vs. Ø Rheinhausen ‘Ø Rheinhausen (neuter) – a town’. Since proper names are inherently definite, the article cannot express definiteness. Rather, the article is part of a classifier system which provides information about the referent: names of ships, rivers and mountains always take the definite (onymic) article whereas names of towns, states and continents do not take the article. Furthermore, the inherited three-gender system in combination with the presence or absence of the article is used to create a new system of six proper name classes: a) with article: names of ships always are feminine (die Bismarck), names of cars are masculine (der Corona), and names of restaurants are neuter (das Heiliggeist); b) without article: names of towns are neuter (Ø Rheinhausen), names of males are masculine (Ø Sascha), and names of females are feminine (Ø Sandra). Thus gender also provides information about the referent. This article deals with the diachronic change from empty categories (“junk”) to a new classifier system and argues for a case of degrammaticalisation with respect to gender and for one of exaptation with respect to the article. This development towards a real classifier system is rather new. Its consolidation can be observed in present German.
The Insanity Defense to Suicide
Authors: Massello W 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The certification of suicide as the manner of death can result in either the complete loss or a significant reduction in life insurance benefits to the victim's survivors. It is, thus, not uncommon for these beneficiaries to contest suicide as the manner of death. Insanity is a recognized defense in law against suicide. It is recognized in law that, in some cases, an insane man cannot intentionally destroy himself. However, it is also recognized that life insurers can exclude suicide by an insane man from coverage. This article discusses the common law doctrines upon which the insanity defense to suicide is based, with references to judicial opinions from cases which involve contested suicides and the issue of insanity.
Death as a Result of an Adverse Reaction from Nalidixic Acid
Authors: Frazer M , Gault R 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article reports a death occurring in an apparently healthy, 27-year-old male as a consequence of an adverse reaction to a common urinary tract antibiotic (nalidixic acid). The deceased had cardiac enlargement at autopsy. The clinical presentation before his sudden death coincides with the occurrence of seizures and psychotic reaction as an adverse reaction to the injection of the drug, rather than merely a result of cardiac symptoms.
Suicide by Exposure to Sulfuryl Fluoride
Authors: Scheuerman EH 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The insecticide fumigant, sulfuryl fluoride, was used as an instrument of self destruction in at least two of the three fatal exposures detailed in this report. The autopsy findings, while nonspecific, have a confirmatory value. Toxicologic analysis should include a plasma and a urine fluoride level, since the toxic effects of exposure are probably related to this ion. Concentrations of fluoride in our cases were: 50.42 mg/L (Case 1) and 20 mg/L (Case 3). However, the values must be interpreted in light of all known information as a result of the paucity of reported cases of fatal sulfuryl fluoride exposures. The cases described provide a model for the investigation of tent fumigation deaths. Proper investigation of fumigant deaths requires knowledge of the insecticide, the fumigation procedure, and the implementation of warning devices. Guidelines are offered along with a procedural checklist for the investigation of tent fumigation deaths.
The Use of Circular Scales in the Perspective Grid Technique of Making Photographic Measurements
Authors: Hyzer WG 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The perspective grid technique commonly utilizes a square reference scale in the camera's field of view from which a grid pattern is graphically laid out in the photograph to measure distances lying in the same object plane as the scale. An improved technique described in this paper uses three circular scales as a basis for determining the X and Y coordinates of a point in the object plane from the x and y coordinate positions of its image in the photograph. This method offers the advantages of better accuracy and less tedious graphic methods of grid construction. A step-by-step procedure of constructing rectangular coordinate systems using either circular or square reference scales is presented.
Results of a Study to Determine the Probability of Chance Match Occurrences Between Fibers Known to be from Different Sources
Authors: Fong W , Inami SH 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The results of a study to determine the frequency of chance match occurrences among fibers known to be from different sources is described. Fibers from articles of clothing of individuals from cases were recovered through an adhesive rolling device and segregated to microscope slides under Cargille H. D. refractive index liquid ND25 = 1.525. They were identified as to type through polarizing microscopy and dispersion staining techniques, and characterized through morphological characteristics and color. The information developed from these steps was entered onto a multi-sort card to permit retrieval of fibers for microscopical comparison by groups. Effectively, 283 882 comparisons involving control and random fibers from 40 articles of fabric were performed. The results reported are believed to give realistic estimates of the probability of chance fiber matches as they can occur in practice. Also given are methods for computing probability, and a discussion of the results.
Multiple Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) in the Assessment of Criminal Defendants
Authors: Rogers R , Cunnien AJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Psychiatric and psychological assessment of criminal defendants is often complicated by the retrospective nature requiring (1) an overreliance on self-reported data and (2) the need to achieve a high degree of certainty in formulating the diagnosis and subsequent expert opinion within the context of an adversarial evaluation. The Multiple Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) evaluation involves the application of an extensive diagnostic interview that has demonstrated a high degree of reliability and satisfactory validity in making current and lifetime diagnoses. The multiple SADS entails sequential administrations of the SADS, first to the defendant and later to significant others regarding the defendant's functioning during the time period in question. This comprehensive approach allows for the systematic examination of individual symptoms and the clear delineation of disparities and areas of agreement. Usefulness of the multiple SADS evaluation is exemplified in a case study involving criminal responsibility.
Is It a Petroleum Product? How Do You Know?
Authors: Midkiff CR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Rapid developments in the production of hydrocarbons and alcohols from nonpetroleum sources are leading to partial or total replacement of traditional petroleum products with synthetic materials. Because of the compositional similarity of these new products to those made from petroleum, they may not readily be distinguished in routine gas chromatographic analyses of arson evidence. The report or court testimony of the analyst may require modification to reflect the impact of this new technology and accelerants should not be characterized as petroleum products unless supported by additional data.
Applications of Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry to Toner Materials from Photocopiers
Authors: Levy EJ , Wampler TP 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Analytical pyrolysis, pyrolysis gas chromatography (GC), and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) have been used extensively in forensic science laboratories for the identification of difficult samples. Much of the original work concerned samples of paint—generally from cases involving automobiles. Since then many other materials have been examined, including fibers from clothing, hair, and a variety of polymeric substances. Other investigators have used pyrolysis GC to examine cellulose products such as wood, bark, paper, and so forth, and yet others have used the technique to look at pigments, coatings, and inks. This paper presents the analysis of a variety of photocopies produced by different manufacturers of copying instruments. Sections of the printed paper were pyrolyzed, and the pyrolysates were analyzed by GC/MS. Specific differences were noted to be dependent on the type of toner material used in the photocopying process of each make of copier. Significant peaks were selected and identified by their mass spectra to indicate the chemical differences in toner material. Pyrograms and mass spectral data are presented for the toner material, toner on paper, and blank paper for subtraction from the pyrograms of toner material on paper.
Mirror Images in Knots
Authors: Dale Nute H 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Most knots are asymmetric and thus can be tied in two forms which are mirror images. An individual tends to tie one of the mirror images habitually which increases the significance of an analysis of the knot. Of 103 college students, 68 surveyed tied a knot based on an overhand knot. Of these, approximately 75% of the right-handed persons tied the overhand knot in one orientation while the other 25% tied the mirror image of it. Some background information relating to analyzing common knots is discussed.