bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Nasalance Scores Obtained with the Nasometers 6200 and 6450
Authors: De Boer Gillian , Bressmann Tim 
Published: April 2013

Objective The study had the goal of comparing the new Nasometer 6450 to the older model 6200 using synthetic test sounds and control participants. A particular focus of the investigation was on the test-retest variability of the instruments. Materials and Methods The Nasometers 6200 and 6450 were compared using square wave test sounds. Six repeated measurements of oral, balanced, and nasal test stimuli were recorded from 25 female participants over an average of 35 days. Results The synthetic test sounds demonstrated that the two nasometers obtained similar results for a range of frequencies. The results for the clinically normal participants revealed that nasalance scores from the two instruments were within 1–2 points, depending on the test sentence. Variability in scores increased with the proportion of nasal consonants in the sentence. Test-retest variability was between 6 and 8 points for more than 90% of the participants. Participants with higher nasalance scores for oral stimuli had higher between-session variability. Conclusions The Nasometers 6200 and 6450 should yield comparable results in clinical practice. Depending on the phonetic content of the test materials, clinicians should allow for a 6- to 8-point between-session variability when interpreting nasalance scores.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Different Endodontic Sealers on Retentive Strength of Fiber Posts
Authors: AlEisa K , Al-Dwairi ZN , Lynch E , Lynch CD 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARY

Purpose
There is limited information in the literature regarding the effect of different endodontic sealers on the bond strength of fiber posts luted with core buildup materials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different root canal sealers on the retentive strength of prefabricated fiber posts luted with a composite resin cement.

Materials and Methods
Fifty-four extracted single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were prepared and randomly divided into three groups. The first two groups were obturated with gutta-percha and one of two eugenol-based root canal sealers (Endofil, Tubli-Seal). The third group (control) was obturated with gutta-percha and a resin-based root canal sealer (AH26). Prefabricated fiber posts were luted into the prepared post spaces with a composite resin cement (Multicore Flow). The pullout forces required for dislodgment of posts from their prepared post spaces were recorded. Data were collected and statistically analyzed.

Results
The AH26 group had significantly greater retentive strengths for the posts when compared with the Endofil and Tubli-Seal (eugenol-based sealers) groups (p&lt;0.0001). There was no significant difference between the means of the retentive strengths for the Endofil and Tubli-Seal groups (p=0.745).

Conclusion
The chemical formulation of root canal sealers significantly affected the retentive strength for prefabricated fiber posts luted with a resin cement. Eugenol-based sealers significantly reduced the bond strength of prefabricated fiber posts luted with resin cement.
Enthesopathy and desmitis of the medial collateral ligament of the cubital joint in 4 horses
Authors: Dabareiner Robin M. , Chaffin M. Keith , Quirham Heather , Carter G. Kent 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Case Description—4 horses with enthesopathy and desmitis of the medial collateral ligament of the cubital joint were examined.
Clinical Findings—All 4 horses had a history of acute, severe, unilateral forelimb lameness and had signs of pain during manipulation of the affected upper forelimb; 2 also had swelling in the axillary region. There was no improvement in lameness after diagnostic local analgesia below the carpal region, and 1 of 4 horses had mild improvement after cubital joint analgesia. Radiography revealed enthesophyte formation on the radial tuberosity and linear mineralization of the medial collateral ligament in 2 horses and periosteal reaction on the humeral condyle in all 4 horses. One horse had mild osteoarthritis of the cubital joint, and 3 had osteophytosis of the cranial aspect of the radius. Although all horses were initially examined because of an acute onset of lameness, all had chronic abnormalities visible on imaging. Ultrasonography revealed an irregular boney contour and enthesopathy at the insertion of the short medial collateral ligament to the radial tuberosity and desmitis of the short medial collateral ligament. Two horses had radiographic evidence of similar but less severe lesions of the contralateral cubital joint.
Treatment and Outcome—All horses received phenylbutazone and rest. All horses were free of lameness after a median of 3 months (range, 2 to 4 months) and returned to previous use after a median of 6 months (range, 3 to 8 months).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The results of the present report suggested that performance horses with enthesopathy and desmitis of the medial collateral ligament of the cubital joint may have a good prognosis for return to previous use following appropriate treatment.
Spaces of measurable functions
Authors: Niemiec Piotr 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
For a metrizable space X and a finite measure space (Ω, $\mathfrak{M}$, µ), the space M
µ(X) of all equivalence classes (under the relation of equality almost everywhere mod µ) of $\mathfrak{M}$-measurable functions from Ω to X, whose images are separable, equipped with the topology of convergence in measure, and some of its subspaces are studied. In particular, it is shown that M
µ(X) is homeomorphic to a Hilbert space provided µ is (nonzero) nonatomic and X is completely metrizable and has more than one point.
Computational study of some nonlinear shallow water equations
Authors: Bhrawy Ali , Abdelkawy Mohamed 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The shallow water equations have wide applications in ocean, atmospheric modeling and hydraulic engineering, also they can be used to model flows in rivers and coastal areas. In this article we obtained exact solutions of three equations of shallow water by using $\frac{{G'}}
{G}
$-expansion method. Hyperbolic and triangular periodic solutions can be obtained from the $\frac{{G'}}
{G}
$-expansion method.
Effect of viscosity of a liquid membrane containing oleyl alcohol on the pertraction of butyric acid
Authors: Blahušiak Marek , Marták Ján , Miranda Fernando , Schlosser Štefan , Teixeira José 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSolvent formulation is important in the optimization of the mass-transfer through supported liquid membranes (SLM) in pertraction and membrane extraction. Oleyl alcohol (OA) is frequently used as the solvent or diluent in the extraction of carboxylic acids. A disadvantage of OA is its relatively high viscosity of 28.32 mPa s at 25°C. This can be decreased by the application of a less viscous OA diluent, e.g. dodecane. The relationship between the ratio of the distribution coefficient of butyric acid (BA), D F, and the viscosity of OA-dodecane solvents, µ, as extraction and transport characteristics, and the overall mass-transfer coefficient, K p, through SLMs was analyzed. Dependence of the D F/µ ratio on the OA concentration showed a maximum at the OA concentration of 15 mass % to 30 mass %. The OA concentration dependence of K p for SLMs exhibited also a maximum at about 30 mass % and 20 mass % of OA at the BA concentration driving force of 0.12 kmol m−3 and 0.3 kmol m−3, respectively. Shifting of the maximum in K p dependences towards lower OA concentrations by increasing the BA concentration driving force is in agreement with the D F/µ ratio dependence. Using pure OA as the solvent or diluent is not preferable and a mixture of a low viscosity diluent with the OA concentration below 40 mass % should be used. The presented results show the potential of the D F/µ ratio in the screening and formulation of solvents in extraction and SLM optimization.
Virological Analysis of Once-Daily and Twice-Daily Darunavir/Ritonavir in the Odin Trial of Treatment-Experienced Patients
Authors: Lathouwers Erkki , De La Rosa Guy , Van De Casteele Tom , Baeten Benny , Tomaka Frank , De Meyer Sandra , Picchio Gaston 
Published: April 2013

Background The aim of this analysis was to characterize viral resistance in the Phase III, randomized ODIN trial, which demonstrated non-inferiority of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) 800/100 mg to DRV/r 600/100 mg twice daily, each combined with an optimized background regimen in treatment-experienced patients with no DRV resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) at screening. Methods Virological failure (VF) was defined as never achieving or losing confirmed virological suppression after week 12, with patients being classed as ‘never suppressed’ (never achieved HIV-1 RNA<50 copies/ml) or ‘rebounders’ (achieved two consecutive HIV-1 RNA<50 copies/ml but then ≥50 copies/ml). Phenotypes and genotypes of plasma HIV-1 viruses, using population-based sequencing and Antivirogram®, were determined at screening/baseline and on samples from VFs with HIV-1 RNA≥50 copies/ml. Results Mean baseline HIV-1 RNA was 4.16 log10 copies/ ml and 53.9% of patients were protease inhibitor (PI)-experienced at enrolment. VF rate was similar in both arms. A similar proportion of virologically failing patients in both arms developed PI RAMs (11.7% versus 9.5%, respectively) or nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor RAMs (6.7% versus 7.1%). One patient with VF (once-daily arm) developed four primary PI mutations, three of which were also DRV RAMs. This patient was also the only VF to lose susceptibility to DRV. Loss of susceptibility to other PIs (once daily 3.4%; twice daily 0%) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (once daily 13.6%; twice daily 9.8%) in VF patients was infrequent and comparable between treatment arms. Conclusions These analyses showed once-daily DRV/r 800/100 mg was associated with similar rates of VF and emergence of resistance as DRV/r 600/100 mg twice daily in treatment-experienced patients with no DRV RAMs.
Binocularity Enhances Visual Acuity of Eyes Implanted With Multifocal Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Tsaousis Konstantinos T. , Plainis Sotiris , Dimitrakos Stavros A. , Tsinopoulos Ioannis T. 
Published: April 2013

PURPOSE:
To investigate the effect of binocularity on long-term visual acuity in patients who have undergone bilateral implantation of a presbyopia-correcting diffractive multifocal intraocular lens (IOL).

METHODS:
Twenty patients (9 men and 11 women) with an average age of 70 ± 7 years (range: 56 to 78 years) underwent bilateral implantation of a diffractive multifocal IOL (AcrySof IQ ReSTOR IOL, SN60D3; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX). Uncorrected visual acuity was measured monocularly and binocularly on average 26 ± 6 months following implantation in the second eye (range: 17 to 40 months) using the University of Crete European-wide modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study charts at the following distances: (1) 4 m, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), (2) 66 cm, uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA), and (3) 33 cm, uncorrected near visual (UNVA).

RESULTS:
Mean ± standard deviation UDVA was 0.07 ± 0.10 and 0.21 ± 0.12 logMAR (20/23 and 20/32 Snellen) in the better and worse eye, respectively, improving to 0.00 ± 0.09 logMAR (20/20 Snellen) binocularly. Mean ± standard deviation UIVA was 0.18 ± 0.14 and 0.32 ± 0.15 logMAR (20/30 and 20/42 Snellen) in the better and worse eye, respectively, improving to 0.08 ± 0.15 logMAR (20/24 Snellen) binocularly. Mean ± standard deviation UNVA was 0.20 ± 0.09 and 0.32 ± 0.12 logMAR (20/32 and 20/42 Snellen) in the better and worse eye, respectively, improving to 0.11 ± 0.10 logMAR (20/26 Snellen) binocularly. Binocular summation, defined as the difference between the binocular and better eye visual acuity, was found to be statistically significant at all distances: 0.07 ± 0.05 logMAR at 4 m, 0.10 ± 0.11 logMAR at 66 cm, and 0.09 ± 0.08 logMAR at 33 cm.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results confirm that there is substantial benefit of binocular vision in individuals with bilateral multifocal IOL implantation in terms of increased visual acuity. This effect is evident at all distances.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(4):246–250.]
Neutron Scattering Techniques and Applications in Structural Biology
Authors: Ankner John F. , Heller William T. , Herwig Kenneth W. , Meilleur Flora , Myles Dean A.A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNeutron scattering is exquisitely sensitive to the position, concentration, and dynamics of hydrogen atoms in materials and is a powerful tool for the characterization of structure‐function and interfacial relationships in biological systems. Modern neutron scattering facilities offer access to a sophisticated, nondestructive suite of instruments for biophysical characterization that provides spatial and dynamic information spanning from Ångstroms to microns and from picoseconds to microseconds, respectively. Applications in structural biology range from the atomic‐resolution analysis of individual hydrogen atoms in enzymes through to meso‐ and macro‐scale analysis of complex biological structures, membranes, and assemblies. The large difference in neutron scattering length between hydrogen and deuterium allows contrast variation experiments to be performed and enables H/D isotopic labeling to be used for selective and systematic analysis of the local structure, dynamics, and interactions of multi‐component systems. This overview describes the available techniques and summarizes their practical application to the study of biomolecular systems. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 72:17.16.1‐17.16.34. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preparation of Recombinant Protein Spotted Arrays for Proteome‐Wide Identification of Kinase Targets
Authors: Im Hogune , Snyder Michael 
Published: April 2013

AbstractProtein microarrays allow unique approaches for interrogating global protein interaction networks. Protein arrays can be divided into two categories: antibody arrays and functional protein arrays. Antibody arrays consist of various antibodies and are appropriate for profiling protein abundance and modifications. Functional full‐length protein arrays employ full‐length proteins with various post‐translational modifications. A key advantage of the latter is rapid parallel processing of large number of proteins for studying highly controlled biochemical activities, protein‐protein interactions, protein‐nucleic acid interactions, and protein‐small molecule interactions. This unit presents a protocol for constructing functional yeast protein microarrays for global kinase substrate identification. This approach enables the rapid determination of protein interaction networks in yeast on a proteome‐wide level. The same methodology can be readily applied to higher eukaryotic systems with careful consideration of overexpression strategy. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 72:27.4.1‐27.4.14. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Refolding of SDS‐Denatured Proteins Using Amphipathic Cosolvents and Osmolytes
Authors: Roussel Guillaume , Tinti Emmanuel , Perpète Eric , Michaux Catherine 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCurrently, the investigation of protein refolding processes involves several time‐consuming stages that require large amounts of protein and costly chemicals. Consequently, there is great interest in developing new approaches to the study of protein renaturation that are more technically and economically feasible. It has recently been reported that certain cosolvents are able to modulate the denaturing properties of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and induce the refolding of proteins. This unit presents a protocol to study and follow the renaturation of a protein (membrane or soluble) starting from a native or SDS‐unfolded state using a variety of candidate cosolvents and osmolytes. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 72:28.5.1‐28.5.9. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Critical Assessment of Experimental Methods for Determining the Dynamic Mechanical Characteristics of Shape Memory Polymers
Authors: Kazakevičiūtė‐Makovska Rasa , Mogharebi Safa , Steeb Holger , Eggeler Gunther , Neuking Klaus 
Published: April 2013

AbstractExperimental study of temperature‐ and frequency‐dependent properties of the commercially available shape memory polymer Tecoflex™ EG 72D (TFX) (Lubrizol, USA) using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) technique is presented. Temperature scan DMA tests have been carried out in three distinct deformation modes, uniaxial tension, three‐point bending, and simple torsion, using two different testing rigs at different test parameters (frequency, strain amplitude, and heating rate) in temperatures ranging from below to above the glass transition temperature. The influence of different test parameters and some discrepancies in the temperature‐dependent storage and loss moduli (and hence the loss factor) measured by DMA in different deformation modes are discussed.
Red, Green, and Blue Light‐Emitting Polyfluorenes Containing a Dibenzothiophene‐S,S‐Dioxide Unit and Efficient High‐Color‐Rendering‐Index White‐Light‐Emitting Diodes Made Therefrom
Authors: Yu Lei , Liu Jie , Hu Sujun , He Ruifeng , Yang Wei , Wu Hongbin , Peng Junbiao , Xia Ruidong , Bradley Donal D. C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA series of blue (B), green (G) and red (R) light‐emitting, 9,9‐bis(4‐(2‐ethyl‐hexyloxy)phenyl)fluorene (PPF) based polymers containing a dibenzothiophene‐S,S‐dioxide (SO) unit (PPF‐SO polymer), with an additional benzothiadiazole (BT) unit (PPF‐SO‐BT polymer) or a 4,7‐di(4‐hexylthien‐2‐yl)‐benzothiadiazole (DHTBT) unit (PPF‐SO‐DHTBT polymer) are synthesized. These polymers exhibit high fluorescence yields and good thermal stability. Light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) using PPF‐SO25, PPF‐SO15‐BT1, and PPF‐SO15‐DHTBT1 as emission polymers have maximum efficiencies LEmax = 7.0, 17.6 and 6.1 cd A−1 with CIE coordinates (0.15, 0.17), (0.37, 0.56) and (0.62, 0.36), respectively. 1D distributed feedback lasers using PPF‐SO30 as the gain medium are demonstrated, with a wavelength tuning range 467 to 487 nm and low pump energy thresholds (≥18 nJ). Blending different ratios of B (PPF‐SO), G (PPF‐SO‐BT) and R (PPF‐SO‐DHTBT) polymers allows highly efficient white polymer light‐emitting diodes (WPLEDs) to be realized. The optimized devices have an attractive color temperature close to 4700 K and an excellent color rendering index (CRI) ≥90. They are relatively stable, with the emission color remaining almost unchanged when the current densities increase from 20 to 260 mA cm−2. The use of these polymers enables WPLEDs with a superior trade‐off between device efficiency, CRI, and color stability.
Origin of Reduced Bimolecular Recombination in Blends of Conjugated Polymers and Fullerenes
Authors: Murthy D. H. K. , Melianas Armantas , Tang Zheng , Juška Gytis , Arlauskas Kȩstutis , Zhang Fengling , Siebbeles Laurens D. A. , Inganäs Olle , Savenije Tom J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBimolecular charge carrier recombination in blends of a conjugated copolymer based on a thiophene and quinoxaline (TQ1) with a fullerene derivative ((6,6)‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acidmethyl ester, PC71BM) is studied by two complementary techniques. TRMC (time‐resolved microwave conductance) monitors the conductance of photogenerated mobile charge carriers locally on a timescale of nanoseconds, while using photo‐CELIV (charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage) charge carrier dynamics are monitored on a macroscopic scale and over tens of microseconds. Despite these significant differences in the length and time scales, both techniques show a reduced Langevin recombination with a prefactor ζ close to 0.05. For TQ1:PC71BM blends, the ζ value is independent of temperature. On comparing TRMC data with electroluminescence measurements it is concluded that the encounter complex and the charge transfer state have very similar energetic properties. The ζ value for annealed poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT):(6,6)‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) is approximately 10−4, while for blend systems containing an amorphous polymer ζ values are close to 1. These large differences can be related to the extent of charge delocalization of opposite charges in an encounter complex. Insight is provided into factors governing the bimolecular recombination process, which forms a major loss mechanism limiting the efficiency of polymer solar cells.
Two‐Dimensional Molybdenum Trioxide and Dichalcogenides
Authors: Balendhran Sivacarendran , Walia Sumeet , Nili Hussein , Ou Jian Zhen , Zhuiykov Serge , Kaner Richard B. , Sriram Sharath , Bhaskaran Madhu , Kalantar‐zadeh Kourosh 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the quest to discover the properties of planar semiconductors, two‐dimensional molybdenum trioxide and dichalcogenides have recently attracted a large amount of interest. This family, which includes molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), disulphide (MoS2), diselenide (MoSe2) and ditelluride (MoTe2), possesses many unique properties that make its compounds appealing for a wide range of applications. These properties can be thickness dependent and may be manipulated via a large number of physical and chemical processes. In this Feature Article, a comprehensive review is delivered of the fundamental properties, synthesis techniques and applications of layered and planar MoO3, MoS2, MoSe2, and MoTe2 along with their future prospects.
Chirality and Chiroptical Effects in Plasmonic Nanostructures: Fundamentals, Recent Progress, and Outlook
Authors: Valev Ventsislav K. , Baumberg Jeremy J. , Sibilia Concita , Verbiest Thierry 
Published: April 2013

AbstractStrong chiroptical effects recently reported result from the interaction of light with chiral plasmonic nanostructures. Such nanostructures can be used to enhance the chiroptical response of chiral molecules and could also significantly increase the enantiomeric excess of direct asymmetric synthesis and catalysis. Moreover, in optical metamaterials, chirality leads to negative refractive index and all the promising applications thereof. In this Progress Report, we highlight four different strategies which have been used to achieve giant chiroptical effects in chiral nanostructures. These strategies consecutively highlight the importance of chirality in the nanostructures (for linear and nonlinear chiroptical effects), in the experimental setup and in the light itself. Because, in the future, manipulating chirality will play an important role, we present two examples of chiral switches. Whereas in the first one, switching the chirality of incoming light causes a reversal of the handedness in the nanostructures, in the second one, switching the handedness of the nanostructures causes a reversal in the chirality of outgoing light.