bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The shock of the odd
Authors: Jardine Boris 
Published: April 2015

When Linda Dalrymple Henderson's The Fourth Dimension and Non-Euclidean Geometry in Modern Art first appeared in 1983 it generated a lively discussion, most conspicuously in the pages of the journal Leonardo. Here was a book that undermined two of the central tenets of modernist theory: first that developments in art and science were linked not by any real connections or strong form of shared endeavour but by the fact that both partook of the modern spirit or zeitgeist; second, and more specifically, that Einsteinian relativity and cubism were in some way analogous embodiments of that spirit. By relentlessly pursuing the fate of two nineteenth-century developments – the non-Euclidean geometries and higher dimensions of her title – Henderson clearly showed that many of the avant-garde artworks so admired by critics for their formal innovation were at once more literal and more bizarre than anyone had previously suspected. Some were attempts to expound the ‘geometrical occult’ or to engage in multidimensional communion, some projected the enhanced intellect of ‘four-dimensional man’ and others explored the lonely but profound reaches of hyperspace. As she puts it in the ‘Re-introduction’ to this new edition of The Fourth Dimension, ‘these works function as “windows” on an invisible meta-reality of higher dimensions and etherial energies' (p. 27), and, elsewhere, ‘belief in a fourth dimension encouraged artists to depart from visual reality and to reject completely the one-point perspective system that for centuries had portrayed the world as three-dimensional’ (p. 492).
Shaping Public Opinion through Architecture and Urban Design: Perspectives on Ludwig I and His Building Program for a “New Munich”
Authors: Hagen Joshua 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAs the sovereign of a newly fashioned kingdom facing uncertain prospects, King Ludwig I of Bavaria launched a sprawling building program to transform his capital city, Munich. Ludwig believed that the patronage of art and architecture would enhance his political authority and foster a sense of historical legitimacy in his kingdom. He regarded this building program as a way of expressing and impressing on the public his own views of politics, culture, and history, but the associated financial burden became a source of public discontent, a focal point for political opposition, and, ultimately, a factor in Ludwig's later abdication. Public sentiment and scholarly opinion toward Ludwig nevertheless underwent a broad rehabilitation after his reign. Many soon came to view Ludwig's projects as expressions of the monarch's cultural sophistication and generosity, rather than as instruments of political and ideological calculation.
Missing, Lost, and Displaced Children in Postwar Germany: The Great Struggle to Provide for the War's Youngest Victims
Authors: Mouton Michelle 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn the final months of World War II, more than a million German children took to the roads in search of family and home. Although the majority returned home with little institutional support, hundreds of thousands of other German children could not. Some were orphaned; others remained in camps, children's homes, or foster families in areas that no longer belonged to Germany. Most challenging for authorities were those who were alone and too young to know their own names. This article explores the struggle to locate, identify, and provide for missing, lost, and displaced German children after 1945. It argues that despite a general agreement that children were in peril, Allied denazification policies and the decision by the UN Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) not to help “enemy children” compromised care for children. The division of Germany and the onset of the Cold War further handicapped efforts to aid children by preventing the creation of a unified search service. Yet, despite the many postwar impediments, the effort to care for these children was remarkably successful in the end.
Assessing climate risks in rainfed farming using farmer experience, crop calendars and climate analysis
Authors: NIDUMOLU U. B. , HAYMAN P. T. , HOCHMAN Z. , HORAN H. , REDDY D. R. , SREENIVAS G. , KADIYALA D. M. 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYClimate risk assessment in cropping is generally undertaken in a top-down approach using climate records while critical farmer experience is often not accounted for. In the present study, set in south India, farmer experience of climate risk is integrated in a bottom-up participatory approach with climate data analysis. Crop calendars are used as a boundary object to identify and rank climate and weather risks faced by smallhold farmers. A semi-structured survey was conducted with experienced farmers whose income is predominantly from farming. Interviews were based on a crop calendar to indicate the timing of key weather and climate risks. The simple definition of risk as consequence × likelihood was used to establish the impact on yield as consequence and chance of occurrence in a 10-year period as likelihood. Farmers’ risk experience matches well with climate records and risk analysis. Farmers’ rankings of ‘good’ and ‘poor’ seasons also matched up well with their independently reported yield data. On average, a ‘good’ season yield was 1·5–1·65 times higher than a ‘poor’ season. The main risks for paddy rice were excess rains at harvesting and flowering and deficit rains at transplanting. For cotton, farmers identified excess rain at harvest, delayed rains at sowing and excess rain at flowering stages as events that impacted crop yield and quality. The risk assessment elicited from farmers complements climate analysis and provides some indication of thresholds for studies on climate change and seasonal forecasts. The methods and analysis presented in the present study provide an experiential bottom-up perspective and a methodology on farming in a risky rainfed climate. The methods developed in the present study provide a model for end-user engagement by meteorological agencies that strive to better target their climate information delivery.
Design of fuzzy expert system for predicting of surface roughness in high-pressure jet assisted turning using bioinspired algorithms
Authors: Kramar Davorin , Cica Djordje , Sredanovic Branislav , Kopac Janez 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe surface roughness of the machined parts is one of the most important factors that have considerable influence on the quality and functional properties of products. The objective of this study is development of a surface roughness prediction model for machining Inconel 718 in high-pressure jet assisted turning using the fuzzy expert system, where the fuzzy system is optimized using two bioinspired algorithms: genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization. The effect of various influential machining parameters, such as diameter of the nozzle, pressure of the jet, cutting speed, feed rate, and distance between the impact point of the jet and cutting edge were taken into consideration in this study. The predicted surface roughness values obtained from developed fuzzy expert systems were compared with the experimental data, and the results indicate that proposed systems can be effectively used to estimate the surface roughness in high-pressure jet assisted turning.
Paradoxical Effect of Dopamine Medication on Cognition in Parkinson’s Disease: Relationship to Side of Motor Onset
Authors: Hanna-Pladdy Brenda , Pahwa Rajesh , Lyons Kelly E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by asymmetric motor symptom onset attributed to greater degeneration of dopamine neurons contralateral to the affected side. However, whether motor asymmetries predict cognitive profiles in PD, and to what extent dopamine influences cognition remains controversial. This study evaluated cognitive variability in PD by measuring differential response to dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) based on hemispheric asymmetries. The influence of DRT on cognition was evaluated in mild PD patients (n=36) with left or right motor onset symptoms. All subjects were evaluated on neuropsychological measures on and off DRT and compared to controls (n=42). PD patients were impaired in executive, memory and motor domains irrespective of side of motor onset, although patients with left hemisphere deficit displayed greater cognitive impairment. Patients with right hemisphere deficit responded to DRT with significant improvement in sensorimotor deficits, and with corresponding improvement in attention and verbal memory functions. Conversely, patients with greater left hemisphere dopamine deficiency did not improve in attentional functions and declined in verbal memory recall following DRT. These findings support the presence of extensive mild cognitive deficits in early PD not fully explained by dopamine depletion alone. The paradoxical effects of levodopa on verbal memory were predicted by extent of fine motor impairment and sensorimotor response to levodopa, which reflects extent of dopamine depletion. The findings are discussed with respect to factors influencing variable cognitive profiles in early PD, including hemispheric asymmetries and differential response to levodopa based on dopamine levels predicting amelioration or overdosing. (JINS, 2015, 21, 259–270)
Introduction to a forum on the judgment-based approach to entrepreneurship: accomplishments, challenges, new directions
Authors: FOSS NICOLAI J. , KLEIN PETER G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOver the last three decades entrepreneurship has become a hot topic in economics and management. Much of the entrepreneurship research literature has built upon insights of economists such as Schumpeter, Knight, and Kirzner, each of whom has inspired a distinct strand of entrepreneurship theory and application. Schumpeterian innovation and Kirznerian alertness are the best-known concepts of entrepreneurship, but a newer research stream is building on Knight's idea of entrepreneurship as judgmental decision-making under uncertainty. What we call the judgment-based view models entrepreneurs as owning, controlling, and combining heterogeneous assets, which differ in their attributes, and deploying these assets within a firm to produce goods and services in anticipation of economic profit. This Forum presents three papers that develop, extend, and challenge the judgment-based view of entrepreneurship, focusing on the foundations of judgment, the processes of entrepreneurial resource assembly, and the relationship between the judgment-based view and other theories of economic organization.
Correction of human phospholamban R14del mutation associated with cardiomyopathy using targeted nucleases and combination therapy
Authors: Karakikes Ioannis , Stillitano Francesca , Nonnenmacher Mathieu , Tzimas Christos , Sanoudou Despina , Termglinchan Vittavat , Kong Chi-Wing , Rushing Stephanie , Hansen Jens , Ceholski Delaine , Kolokathis Fotis , Kremastinos Dimitrios , Katoulis Alexandros , Ren Lihuan , Cohen Ninette , Gho Johannes M.I.H. , Tsiapras Dimitrios , Vink Aryan , Wu Joseph C. , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Li Ronald A. , Hulot Jean-Sebastien , Kranias Evangelia G. , Hajjar Roger J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA number of genetic mutations is associated with cardiomyopathies. A mutation in the coding region of the phospholamban (PLN) gene (R14del) is identified in families with hereditary heart failure. Heterozygous patients exhibit left ventricular dilation and ventricular arrhythmias. Here we generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a patient harbouring the PLN R14del mutation and differentiate them into cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). We find that the PLN R14del mutation induces Ca2+ handling abnormalities, electrical instability, abnormal cytoplasmic distribution of PLN protein and increases expression of molecular markers of cardiac hypertrophy in iPSC-CMs. Gene correction using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) ameliorates the R14del-associated disease phenotypes in iPSC-CMs. In addition, we show that knocking down the endogenous PLN and simultaneously expressing a codon-optimized PLN gene reverses the disease phenotype in vitro. Our findings offer novel strategies for targeting the pathogenic mutations associated with cardiomyopathies.
A cluster of noncoding RNAs activates the ESR1 locus during breast cancer adaptation
Authors: Tomita Saori , Abdalla Mohamed Osama Ali , Fujiwara Saori , Matsumori Haruka , Maehara Kazumitsu , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Iwase Hirotaka , Saitoh Noriko , Nakao Mitsuyoshi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEstrogen receptor-α (ER)-positive breast cancer cells undergo hormone-independent proliferation after deprivation of oestrogen, leading to endocrine therapy resistance. Up-regulation of the ER gene (ESR1) is critical for this process, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that the combination of transcriptome and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses revealed that oestrogen deprivation induced a cluster of noncoding RNAs that defined a large chromatin domain containing the ESR1 locus. We termed these RNAs as Eleanors (ESR1 locus enhancing and activating noncoding RNAs). Eleanors were present in ER-positive breast cancer tissues and localized at the transcriptionally active ESR1 locus to form RNA foci. Depletion of one Eleanor, upstream (u)-Eleanor, impaired cell growth and transcription of intragenic Eleanors and ESR1 mRNA, indicating that Eleanors cis-activate the ESR1 gene. Eleanor-mediated gene activation represents a new type of locus control mechanism and plays an essential role in the adaptation of breast cancer cells.
Demonstration of a quantum error detection code using a square lattice of four superconducting qubits
Authors: Córcoles A.D. , Magesan Easwar , Srinivasan Srikanth J. , Cross Andrew W. , Steffen M. , Gambetta Jay M. , Chow Jerry M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe ability to detect and deal with errors when manipulating quantum systems is a fundamental requirement for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Unlike classical bits that are subject to only digital bit-flip errors, quantum bits are susceptible to a much larger spectrum of errors, for which any complete quantum error-correcting code must account. Whilst classical bit-flip detection can be realized via a linear array of qubits, a general fault-tolerant quantum error-correcting code requires extending into a higher-dimensional lattice. Here we present a quantum error detection protocol on a two-by-two planar lattice of superconducting qubits. The protocol detects an arbitrary quantum error on an encoded two-qubit entangled state via quantum non-demolition parity measurements on another pair of error syndrome qubits. This result represents a building block towards larger lattices amenable to fault-tolerant quantum error correction architectures such as the surface code.
Emergence of Soft Communities from Geometric Preferential Attachment
Authors: Zuev Konstantin , Boguñá Marián , Bianconi Ginestra , Krioukov Dmitri 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAll real networks are different, but many have some structural properties in common. There seems to be no consensus on what the most common properties are, but scale-free degree distributions, strong clustering and community structure are frequently mentioned without question. Surprisingly, there exists no simple generative mechanism explaining all the three properties at once in growing networks. Here we show how latent network geometry coupled with preferential attachment of nodes to this geometry fills this gap. We call this mechanism geometric preferential attachment (GPA) and validate it against the Internet. GPA gives rise to soft communities that provide a different perspective on the community structure in networks. The connections between GPA and cosmological models, including inflation, are also discussed.
Radiation-driven lipid accumulation and dendritic cell dysfunction in cancer
Authors: Gao Fu , Liu Cong , Guo Jiaming , Sun Weimin , Xian Linfeng , Bai Dongchen , Liu Hu , Cheng Ying , Li Bailong , Cui Jianguo , Zhang Chaoxiong , Cai Jianming 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) play important roles in the initiation and maintenance of the immune response. The dysfunction of DCs contributes to tumor evasion and growth. Here we report our findings on the dysfunction of DCs in radiation-induced thymic lymphomas and the up-regulation of the expression of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and the fatty acid binding protein (FABP4) and the level of triacylglycerol (TAG) in serum after total body irradiation, which contribute to DCs lipid accumulation. DCs with high lipid content showed low expression of co-stimulatory molecules and DCs-related cytokines and were not able to effectively stimulate allogeneic T cells. Normalization of lipid abundance in DCs with an inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase restored the function of DCs. A high-fat diet promoted radiation-induced thymic lymphoma growth. In all, our study shows that dysfunction of DCs in radiation-induced thymic lymphomas was due to lipid accumulation and may represent a new mechanism in radiation-induced carcinogenesis.
Remodeling of RecG Helicase at the DNA Replication Fork by SSB Protein
Authors: Sun Zhiqiang , Tan Hui Yin , Bianco Piero R. , Lyubchenko Yuri L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe RecG DNA helicase a key player in stalled replication fork rescue. The single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) participates in this process, but its role in the interaction of RecG with the fork remains unclear. We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to visualize the interaction of RecG with a fork DNA in the presence of SSB. We discovered that SSB enhances RecG loading efficiency onto the DNA fork by threefold. Additionally, SSB interacts with RecG leading to the RecG remodeling. As a result, RecG separates from the fork, but remains bound to the DNA duplex. Moreover, in this new binding mode RecG is capable of translocation along the parental duplex DNA. We propose a model of RecG interaction with the replication fork involving two RecG binding modes. SSB plays the role of a remodeling factor defining the mode of RecG binding to the fork mediated by the SSB C-terminus. In the translocating mode, RecG remains in the vicinity of the fork and is capable of initiating the fork regression. Our results afford novel mechanistic insights into RecG interaction with the replication fork and provide the basis for further structural studies.
Disruption of the rice nitrate transporter OsNPF2.2 hinders root-to-shoot nitrate transport and vascular development
Authors: Li Yuge , Ouyang Jie , Wang Ya-Yun , Hu Rui , Xia Kuaifei , Duan Jun , Wang Yaqin , Tsay Yi-Fang , Zhang Mingyong 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPlants have evolved to express some members of the nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (NPF) to uptake and transport nitrate. However, little is known of the physiological and functional roles of this family in rice (Oryza sativaL.). Here, we characterized the vascular specific transporter OsNPF2.2. Functional analysis using cDNA-injectedXenopus laevisoocytes revealed that OsNPF2.2 is a low-affinity, pH-dependent nitrate transporter. Use of a green fluorescent protein tagged OsNPF2.2 showed that the transporter is located in the plasma membrane in the rice protoplast. Expression analysis showed thatOsNPF2.2is nitrate inducible and is mainly expressed in parenchyma cells around the xylem. Disruption ofOsNPF2.2increased nitrate concentration in the shoot xylem exudate when nitrate was supplied after a deprivation period; this result suggests that OsNPF2.2 may participate in unloading nitrate from the xylem. Under steady-state nitrate supply, theosnpf2.2mutants maintained high levels of nitrate in the roots and low shoot:root nitrate ratios; this observation suggests that OsNPF2.2 is involved in root-to-shoot nitrate transport. Mutation ofOsNPF2.2also caused abnormal vasculature and retarded plant growth and development. Our findings demonstrate that OsNPF2.2 can unload nitrate from the xylem to affect the root-to-shoot nitrate transport and plant development.
Scaling behaviours in the growth of networked systems and their geometric origins
Authors: Zhang Jiang , Li Xintong , Wang Xinran , Wang Wen-Xu , Wu Lingfei 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTwo classes of scaling behaviours, namely the super-linear scaling of links or activities and the sub-linear scaling of area, diversity, or time elapsed with respect to size have been found to prevail in the growth of complex networked systems. Despite some pioneering modelling approaches proposed for specific systems, whether there exists some general mechanisms that account for the origins of such scaling behaviours in different contexts, especially in socioeconomic systems, remains an open question. We address this problem by introducing a geometric network model without free parameter, finding that both super-linear and sub-linear scaling behaviours can be simultaneously reproduced and that the scaling exponents are exclusively determined by the dimension of the Euclidean space in which the network is embedded. We implement some realistic extensions to the basic model to offer more accurate predictions for cities of various scaling behaviours and the Zipf distribution reported in the literature and observed in our empirical studies. All of the empirical results can be precisely recovered by our model with analytical predictions of all major properties. By virtue of these general findings concerning scaling behaviour, our models with simple mechanisms gain new insights into the evolution and development of complex networked systems.
A Novel Brain Stimulation Technology Provides Compatibility with MRI
Authors: Serano Peter , Angelone Leonardo M. , Katnani Husam , Eskandar Emad , Bonmassar Giorgio 
Published: April 2015

AbstractClinical electrical stimulation systems — such as pacemakers and deep brain stimulators (DBS) — are an increasingly common therapeutic option to treat a large range of medical conditions. Despite their remarkable success, one of the significant limitations of these medical devices is the limited compatibility with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a standard diagnostic tool in medicine. During an MRI exam, the leads used with these devices, implanted in the body of the patient, act as an electric antenna potentially causing a large amount of energy to be absorbed in the tissue, which can lead to serious heat-related injury. This study presents a novel lead design that reduces the antenna effect and allows for decreased tissue heating during MRI. The optimal parameters of the wire design were determined by a combination of computational modeling and experimental measurements. The results of these simulations were used to build a prototype, which was tested in a gel phantom during an MRI scan. Measurement results showed a three-fold decrease in heating when compared to a commercially available DBS lead. Accordingly, the proposed design may allow a significantly increased number of patients with medical implants to have safe access to the diagnostic benefits of MRI.
InAs/Si Hetero-Junction Nanotube Tunnel Transistors
Authors: Hanna Amir N. , Fahad Hossain M. , Hussain Muhammad M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHetero-structure tunnel junctions in non-planar gate-all-around nanowire (GAA NW) tunnel FETs (TFETs) have shown significant enhancement in ‘ON’ state tunnel current over their all-silicon counterpart. Here we show the unique concept of nanotube TFET in a hetero-structure configuration that is capable of much higher drive current as opposed to that of GAA NW TFETs.Through the use of inner/outer core-shell gates, a single III-V hetero-structured nanotube TFET leverages physically larger tunneling area while achieving higher driver current (ION) and saving real estates by eliminating arraying requirement. Numerical simulations has shown that a 10 nm thin nanotube TFET with a 100 nm core gate has a 5×normalized output current compared to a 10 nm diameter GAA NW TFET.