bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Activity and Composition of the Essential Oil of Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. bungeana (Juz.) Rech. f. from Iran
Authors: Sonboli Ali , Mirjalili Mohammad Hossein , Hadian Javad , Ebrahimi Samad Nejad , Yousefzadi Morteza 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the aerial flowering parts of Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. bungeana (Juz.) Rech. f. was analyzed by GC and GCMS. Thirty-two components representing 97.1% of the total oil were identified. Oxygenated monoterpenes (94.3%) were the predominant fraction of the oil with pulegone (65.2%), isomenthone (11.9%), 1,8-cineole (7.8%) and piperitenone (6.5%) as the main constituents. Antibacterial activity of the oil and also its two main components (pulegone and 1,8-cineole) were tested against seven bacteria. It was found that the oil exhibited interesting antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis with MIC values of 3.75 mg/ml.
Antimicrobial Activity and Composition of the Essential Oil of Gontscharovia popovii from Iran
Authors: Sonboli Ali , Sefidkon Fatemeh , Yousefzadi Morteza 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The aerial parts of Gontscharovia popovii (B. Fedtsch. and Gontsch.) Boriss. were collected at full flowering stage. The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by a combination of capillary GC and GC-MS. Thirty-one components were identified with the main constituent being carvacrol (71.9%), followed by linalool (5.5%), p-cymene (4.5%) and γ-terpinene (4.4%). The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of G. popovii was studied against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and three fungi (Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger). The results of the bioassays showed that the oil exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against all the tested fungi and bacteria except for the resistant bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
RT-PCR Analysis and Stress Response Capacity of Transgenic gshI-Poplar Clones (Populus × canescens) in Response to Paraquat Exposure
Authors: Bittsánszky András , Gyulai Gábor , Humphreys Mervyn , Gullner Gábor , Csintalan Zsolt , Kiss József , Szabó Zoltán , Lágler Richárd , Tóth Zoltán , Rennenberg Heinz , Heszky László , Kőmíves Tamás 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Stress response capacity (Fv/Fm at 690 nm and F690/F735 at Fmax) of untransformed hybrid poplar, Populus × canescens (P. tremula × P. alba), and two transgenic lines overexpressing γ-ECS (γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase) either in the cytosol (cyt-ECS) or in the chloroplast (chl-ECS) was studied in response to the herbicide paraquat (4.0 × 10-9 to 4.0 × 10-6 m) for 21 days. Significant differences at sublethal (4.0 × 10-7 m) and bleaching (4.0 × 10-6 m) concentrations of paraquat were observed with about a two-fold and eight-fold decrease in the photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm at 690 nm and F690/F735 at Fmax), respectively. None of the gshI transgenic lines (cyt-ECS, chl-ECS) with elevated GSH content exhibited significant tolerance to paraquat.
Semiquantitative RT-PCR of the cyt-ECS clone was used for gene expression analysis of the nuclear encoded rbcS gene and the stress responsive gst gene. Expression of the constitutively expressed 26SrRNA ribosomal gene was probed as a control for all RT-PCR reactions. The relative intensities of gene expressions normalized to the level of 26SrRNA intensity showed a 50% decrease in the nuclear encoded rbcS expression and a 120% increase in the stress responsive gst gene expression of the paraquat treated (4.0 × 10-7 m) samples of the transgenic poplar line (cyt-ECS).
Electrophysiological Responses of Atta sexdens rubropilosa Workers to Essential Oils of Eucalyptus and its Chemical Composition
Authors: Batista-Pereira Luciane G. , Fernandes João B. , Silva M. Fátima G. F. da , Vieira Paulo C. , Bueno Odair C. , Corrêa Arlene G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908 is the most harmful of the Eucalyptus pests, causing severe losses in wood production through defoliation. Various strategies have been tried and effort spent on the development of methods to control this pest, however no practical and environmentally acceptable one currently exists. In this work the chemical composition of the essential oil of seven Eucalyptus species was identified and the selectivity and sensitivity of antennal receptors of A. sexdens rubropilosa workers to the volatile compounds were determined using the electroantennographic technique (EAG and GC-EAD). Analysis by GC-EAD showed in E. cloesiana and E. maculata, respectively, seventeen and sixteen terpenes that elicited responses in ant workers’ antennae, indicating the potential role of the essential oils as allelochemicals that determine the choice of the foraging material.
Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Aerial Parts of Plinia glomerata
Authors: Serafin Claúdia , Nart Viviane , Malheiros Angela , de Souza Márcia Maria , Fischer Luiz , Monache Giuliano Delle , Monache Franco Delle , Filho Valdir Cechinel 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The present work describes the antinociceptive properties and chemical composition of the aerial parts of Plinia glomerata (Myrtaceae). Both of the extracts evaluated, acetonic and methanolic, showed potent antinociceptive action, when analyzed against acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions in mice, with calculated ID50 (mg/kg, i. p.) values of 24.8 and 3.3, respectively. Through usual chromatographic techniques with an acetonic extract, the following compounds were obtained: 3,4,3′-trimethoxy flavellagic acid (1), 3,4,3′-trimethoxy flavellagic acid 4′-O-glucoside (3) and quercitrin (4), which were identified based on spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 (ID50 = 3.9 mg/kg, i. p., or 10.8 μmol/kg) and 3 (ID50 = 1.3 mg/kg or 2.5 μmol/kg) were notably more active than some well-known analgesic drugs used here for comparison.
Inhibitory Effects of Monoterpenes on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth
Authors: Kordali Saban , Cakir Ahmet , Sutay Sunay 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Monoterpenes, the chemical constituents of essential oils found in plants, are known biologically active compounds. The present study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of 30 monoterpenes including monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes on seed germination and seedling growth of Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album and Rumex crispus under laboratory conditions. The monoterpenes were applied at contents of 10 and 20 μl for liquid compounds and 10 and 20 μg for solid compounds. The results show that most of the monoterpenes significantly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of the tested plants. Oxygenated monoterpenes including β-citronellol, nerol and terpinen-4-ol completely inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of all tested plants. Their inhibitory effects were also stronger than that of the herbicide 2,4-D. In general, monoterpenes were less effective against seed germination and seedling growth of C. album as compared with R. crispus and A. retroflexus. Phytotoxic effects of monoterpene hydrocarbons were found to be lower than those of oxygenated monoterpenes. The alcohol derivatives of oxygenated monoterpenes were also found to be more phytotoxic as compared with their acetate derivatives. Based on the present results, it can be concluded that the oxygenated monoterpenes can be used as potential bio-herbicides.
Effect of Norflurazon on Resorcinolic Lipid Metabolism in Rye Seedlings
Authors: Magnucka Elzbieta G. , Suzuki Yoshikatsu , Pietr Stanislaw J. , Kozubek Arkadiusz , Zarnowski Robert 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Norflurazon is a selective pyridazinone herbicide excessively employed in the control of many annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds. This chemical causes plant bleaching due to the inhibition of the carotenoid pigment biogenesis as well as induces irreparable changes to chloroplasts, which are considered the organelles where the biosynthesis of resorcinolic lipids takes place. Resorcinolic lipids, a group of phenolic compounds, constitute not only an essential part of the plant antifungal defense system, but also are an important component of the human cereal diet. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of norflurazon on the biosynthesis of resorcinolic lipids in 5-day-old rye plants (Secale cereale L.) that were grown at three different temperatures under light or dark conditions. At all tested temperatures, norflurazon decreased the fresh biomass of light-grown rye seedlings and increased the weight of plants grown in darkness. Compared with respective controls, this herbicide caused an increase in total content of alkylresorcinols in both green and etiolated plants with the exception of dark-grown norflurazon-treated rye at 29 °C. The general level of saturated homologues was markedly decreased by norflurazon in all etiolated plants and in light-grown seedlings at 15 °C. Independent of thermal and light conditions, in all norflurazon-treated samples two alkylresorcinol derivatives predominated: 1,3-dihydroxy-5-n-heptadecylbenzene and 1,3-dihydroxy-5-n-nonadecylbenzene. Thus, our results suggest that norflurazon affected the metabolism of alkylresorcinols in rye seedlings and its action was dependent on external stimuli.
A New 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-Phosphate Reductoisomerase Gene Encoding the Committed-Step Enzyme in the MEP Pathway from Rauvolfia verticillata
Authors: Liao Zhihua , Chen Rong , Chen Min , Yang Chunxian , Wang Qiang , Gong Yifu 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
1-Deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) reductoisomerase (DXR; EC 1.1.1.267) catalyzes a committed step of the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway for the biosynthesis of pharmaceutical terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) precursors. The full-length cDNA sequence was cloned and characterized from a TIA-producing species, Rauvolfia verticillata, using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. The new cDNA was named as RvDXR and submitted to GenBank® to be assigned with an accession number (DQ779286). The fulllength cDNA of RvDXR was 1804 bp containing a 1425 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 474 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 51.3 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.88. Comparative and bioinformatic analyses revealed that RvDXR showed extensive homology with DXRs from other plant species and contained a conserved transit peptide for plastids, an extended Pro-rich region and a highly conserved NADPHbinding motif in its N-terminal region owned by all plant DXRs. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that DXRs had two groups including a plant and bacterial group; RvDXR belonged to angiosperm DXRs that were obtained from Synechocystis through gene transfer according to the phylogenetic analysis. The structural modeling of RvDXR showed that RvDXR had the typical V-shaped structure of DXR proteins. The tissue expression pattern analysis indicated that RvDXR expressed in all tissues including roots, stems, leaves, fruits and followers but at different levels. The lowest transcription level was observed in followers and the highest transcription was found in fruits of R. verticillata; the transcription level of RvDXR was a little higher in roots and stems than in leaves. The cloning and characterization of RvDXR will be helpful to understand more about the role of DXR involved in R. verticillata TIA biosynthesis at the molecular level and provides a candidate gene for metabolic engineering of the TIAs pathway in R. verticillata.
Inhibition of Cholinesterase by Dialkylcarbamates
Authors: Štĕpánková Šárka , Komers Karel , Komersová Alena , Masopustová Markéta , Čegan Alexander 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The pI50 index and separation coefficients of chosen 3-N,N-diethylaminophenyl-N′,N′-dialkylcarbamates were determined. Index pI50 (pI50 = negative logarithm of molar concentration of inhibitor inhibiting the enzyme activity by 50%) describes the effectiveness of the inhibitor. The rate of ability of the inhibitor to pass the blood-brain barrier is usually described by the separation coefficient in a system n-octanol/water (Kow). Obtained results were compared with pI50 and Kow of Exelon®, the commercially used drug against the Alzheimer’s disease.
Phytochemical and Antinociceptive Properties of Matayba elaeagnoides Radlk. Barks
Authors: Souza Michel Thomaz de , Buzzi Fátima de Campos , Filho Valdir Cechinel , Hess Sarai , Delle Monache Franco , Niero Rivaldo 
Published: February 2015

A mixture of triterpenes named lupeol (1), α-amyrin (2), β-amyrin (3), and β-sitosterol (4) has been isolated from the hexane fraction of Matayba elaeagnoides. In addition, scopoletin (5), umbelliferone (6), 3β-O-d-glycopyranosyl-sitosterol (7) and betulin (8) were isolated
from the chloroform fraction. All the structures were identified by spectroscopic techniques in accordance with literature data. The extracts (hydroalcoholic and methanolic) and some fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol) exerted promising antinociceptive effects in mice. In addition, we have tested the pure compound betulin (8). When analyzed against induced pain using the writhing test (3-10 mg kg-1, i.p.), betulin showed a dosedependent
effect with a calculated ID50 value of 7.74 (6.53-9.17) mg kg-1 [17.5 (14.7-20.7)
μmol kg-1] and a maximal inhibition (MI) of 58.3% in relation to the control group. When
evaluated in the formalin test (3-10 mg kg-1, i.p.), this compound inhibited both phases of
pain (neurogenic and inflammatory pain), with calculated ID50 values of 18.3 (17.7-18.9)
and 8.3 (7.7-8.9) mg kg-1 [41.5 (38.4-42.7) and 18.8 (17.6-19.9) μmol kg-1] and maximal
inhibition of 40.8 and 64.39% for the first and second phases, respectively. Using the same
models, this compound was several times more active than two clinically used drugs, namely
aspirin and paracetamol, suggesting that its main active principle is related to the antinociceptive
effect found for the chloroform fraction of M. elaeagnoids barks
Sipeimine-Producing Endophytic Fungus Isolated from
Authors: Yin Hong , Chen Juan-Li 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Ten strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from the bulbs of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Fritillaria ussuriensis. The extract from one of them, Fu7, showed a positive reaction with Dragendorff’s reagent and the same Rf value in thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis as authentic sipeimine. A further TLC scan and high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light-scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) showed that one ingredient of the extract of strain Fu7 had a similar absorption curve in the range 200D700 nm and the same retention time as authentic sipeimine. Thus, the fungus produces the bioactive ingredient sipeimine, as does its host plant, and could be used for the production of sipeimine by fermentation.
Bioactive Cycloartane-Type Triterpene Glycosides from Astragalus elongatus
Authors: Çalış İhsan , Barbič Matej , Jürgenliemk Guido 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Together with two known cycloartane-type glycosides, askendosides D (3-O-[α-arabinopyranosyl-( 1→2)-β-xylopyranosyl]-6-O-β-xylopyranosyl-cycloastragenol, 2) and G (3-O- [α-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-xylopyranosyl]-16-O-β-glucopyranosyl-3β,6α,16β,24(R),25- pentahydroxycycloartane, 3), also a new monodesmosidic cycloartane-type glycoside, elongatoside (1), was isolated from the roots of Astragalus elongatus and identified as 3-O- [α-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-xylopyranosyl]-cycloastragenol. All structures were unambiguously determined by means of spectroscopic and spectrometric methods (1D and 2D NMR, ESI-MS). The isolated compounds were tested for the inhibition of proliferation and ICAM-1 expression in vitro using the human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1). 1 showed weak activity in the ICAM-1 assay.
Improvement of Pseudojujubogenin Glycosides Production from Regenerated Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. and Enhanced Yield by Elicitors
Authors: Kamonwannasit Sirilak , Phrompittayarat Watoo , Ingkaninan Kornkanok , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Putalun Waraporn 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. was studied for shoot induction and regeneration on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators. Stem explants cultured on medium containing 0.1 mg/l thidiazuron (TDZ) resulted in the highest number of shoots (117 shoots/explant). Regenerated plants from medium with 0.5 mg/l TDZ contained the highest level of pseudojujubogenin glycosides [(30.62 d 1.29) mg/g dry wt] which was 2-fold higher than that of in vitro grown plants of the same age [(16.96 d 1.49) mg/g dry wt]. Plantlets regenerated from 0.1 mg/l TDZ also showed a high level of pseudojujubogenin glycosides [(27.94 d 1.19) mg/g dry wt]. The effect of elicitor on pseudojujubogenin glycosides accumulation in B. monnieri whole plant cultures was investigated. Chitosan at 150 mg/l and yeast extract at 2 mg/ml increased the pseudojujubogenin glycosides production [(40.83 d 2.24) mg/g dry wt and (40.05 d 2.37) mg/g dry wt, respectively] after 7 days, which was 6-fold higher than in the control cultures.
Examination of Humicola lutea Immobilized in Sol-Gel Matrices: Effective Source of α-Galactosidase
Authors: Spasova Dimitrina , Aleksieva Penka , Nacheva Lilyana , Kabaivanova Lyudmila , Chernev Georgi , Samuneva Biserka 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
α-Galactosidase production by the fungus Humicola lutea 120-5 immobilized in a hybrid sol-gel matrix, consisting of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as a precursor and a mixture of polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and polyvinylalcohol (PVA), was investigated under semicontinuous shake flask cultivation and compared to the enzyme secretion by free cells. The influence of the carrier weight on the α-galactosidase biosynthesis in repeated batch experiments was followed. Best results were obtained with 2 g of the sol-gel particles per culture flask using 144-h runs. The growth behaviour of the immobilized mycelium during both the growth and productive phases was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The presence of abundant mycelial growth of intact hyphae correlated with a 2-fold higher enzyme activity compared to free cells. The obtained biocatalyst retained a high level of enzyme titer exceeding the activity of free cells during four cycles of operation (24 days). This result is confirmed by the micrographs showing the retained viability of the growing vegetative cells due to the protective role of the carrier.
The Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the Development of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity (NDO)
Authors: Frias Bárbara , Santos João , Morgado Marlene , Sousa Mónica Mendes , Gray Susannah M.Y. , McCloskey Karen D. , Allen Shelley , Cruz Francisco , Cruz Célia Duarte 
Published: February 2015

Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) is a well known consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI), recognizable after spinal shock, during which the bladder is areflexic. NDO emergence and maintenance depend on profound plastic changes of the spinal neuronal pathways regulating bladder function. It is well known that neurotrophins (NTs) are major regulators of such changes. NGF is the best-studied NT in the bladder and its role in NDO has already been established. Another very abundant neurotrophin is BDNF. Despite being shown that, acting at the spinal cord level, BDNF is a key mediator of bladder dysfunction and pain during cystitis, it is presently unclear if it is also important for NDO. This study aimed to clarify this issue.Results obtained pinpoint BDNF as an important regulator of NDO appearance and maintenance. Spinal BDNF expression increased in a time-dependent manner together with NDO emergence. In chronic SCI rats, BDNF sequestration improved bladder function, indicating that, at later stages, BDNF contributes NDO maintenance. During spinal shock, BDNF sequestration resulted in early development of bladder hyperactivity, accompanied by increased axonal growth of calcitonin gene-related peptide-labeled fibers in the dorsal horn. Chronic BDNF administration inhibited the emergence of NDO, together with reduction of axonal growth, suggesting that BDNF may have a crucial role in bladder function after SCI via inhibition of neuronal sprouting. These findings highlight the role of BDNF in NDO and may provide a significant contribution to create more efficient therapies to manage SCI patients.
Calotes emma Gray, 1845 (Squamata: Agamidae): range extension and new addition to the reptilian fauna of Tripura, northeast India
Authors: Majumder Joydeb , Agarwala B. K. 
Published: February 2015

Two new records of Calotes emma Gray, 1845, are reported from Srirampur and Homnpui in the state of Tripura, northeast India. These records are the first from Tripura. Present locality records extended the known distribution of C. emma in Southeast Asia.
New state record of gall midge species (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess (Calophyllaceae)
Authors: Proença Barbara , Maia Valéria Cid 
Published: February 2015

Five gall midges species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) are recorded for the first time in Pirenópolis (Goiás, Brazil, Cerrado biome): Contarinia gemmae, Lopesia caulinaris, L. conspicua, and L. elliptica, as well as an unidentified species of Cecidomyiidae, causative agent of marginal leaf galls. All of these species are associated with Calophyllum brasiliense (Calophyllaceae). Previous records included only Southern Brazil and now, the geographic distribution of these species is widened to the Midwest Region.
Organic Hydrogel Templates for Tunable Mesoporous Silica Hybrid Materials
Authors: Kahn Jennifer L. , Eren Necla Mine , Campanella Osvaldo , Voytik-Harbin Sherry L. , Rickus Jenna L. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTPorous coatings at the surface of living cells have application in human cell transplantation by controlling the transport of biomolecules to and from the cells. Sol-gel-derived mesoporous silica materials are good candidates for such coatings, owing to their biocompatibility, facile solution-based synthesis conditions, and thin film formation. Diffusion and transport across the coating correlates to long-range microstructural properties, including pore size distribution, porosity, and pore morphology. Here, we investigated collagen-fibril matrices with known biocompatibility to serve as templating systems for directed silica deposition. Type 1 collagen oligomers derived from porcine skin are extensively characterized such that we can predict and customize the final collagen-fibril matrix with respect to fibril density, interfibril branching and viscoelasticity. We show that these matrices template and direct the deposition of mesoporous silica at the level of individual collagen fibrils. We varied the fibril density, silicic acid concentration, and time of exposure to silicifying solution and characterized the resulting hybrid materials by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and rheology. Microstructural properties of the collagen-fibril template are preserved in the silica surface of hybrid materials. Results for three different collagen fibril densities, corresponding to shear storage moduli of 200 Pa, 1000 Pa, and 1600 Pa, indicate that increased fibril density increases the absolute amount of templated silica when all other silica synthesis conditions are kept constant. Additionally, mechanical properties of the hybrid material are dominated by the presence of the silica coating rather than the starting collagen matrix stiffness.