bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of wear resistance of CrN, CrAlN, and TiAlN coatings deposited by multi-arc ion plating on spinning die of Cr12MoV
Authors: Lin Rongchuan , Sun Shilong , You Bin , Dong Tianlei , Sui Yusheng , Wei Shasha 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study successfully deposited CrN, CrAlN, and TiAlN coatings on the surface of Cr12MoV substrate using multi-arc ion plating (MAIP). The influence of phase composition and surface morphology on the hardness, adhesion strength, friction performance, and wear mechanisms of these coatings was investigated, with a comparative analysis of their wear resistance. Nanoindentation results revealed that the hardness (H) of CrN, CrAlN, and TiAlN coatings increased by 70.37%, 74.97%, and 75.64%, respectively, compared to the substrate. The hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E) were found to be positively correlated. CrAlN demonstrated superior resistance to deformation, reflected in its higher H/E and H
3
/E
2 radios compared to the CrN and TiAlN. Adhesion tests showed that CrAlN had the strongest adhesion strength to the substrate, with an adhesion force of 81.55 N, representing a 14.78% and 8.46% improvement over CrN and TiAlN, respectively. Friction and wear tests identified CrAlN as having the lowest friction coefficient (0.389), attributed to its high hardness and strong adhesion. The wear mechanisms of CrAlN observed were primarily mild abrasive wear, oxidative wear, and adhesive wear. In comparison, CrN and TiAlN coatings exhibited higher friction coefficients of 0.424 and 0.391, respectively, due to their lower hardness and adhesion, which led to more severe oxidative and abrasive wear. Additionally, the TiAlN coating showed signs of brittle failure in wear scars, likely due to the formation of Al2O3 oxides during wear.
Validating locational marginal emissions models with wind generation
Authors: Steinsultz Nat , Christian Pierre , Cofield Joel , McCormick Gavin , Sofia Sarah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Increasingly large amounts of electric supply and load are being deliberately operated or sited on the basis of marginal emissions factor (MEF) models. Validating and calibrating such models is therefore of growing policy importance. This paper uses a natural experiment involving variation in relative changes in wind generation potential at wind farms in the ERCOT power grid to create a benchmark MEF and examine the relative accuracy of several common classes of short term MEF models. This work focuses on MEFs at the level of a few individual generating nodes, a much smaller geographic scale than the Balancing Authority (BA) or load zone. Additionally, the use of wind generation potential as a regressor allows us to factor in wind curtailment, in contrast to previous work. We evaluate multiple prevalent existing MEF models and find that both dispatch and statistical MEF models have a high degree of agreement with the benchmark MEF, while heat rate and average emissions do not. We also find that the emissions reduction benefits of optimizing electricity with MEFs using a geographically granular model instead of a BA-wide model are 1.4, 1.3 and 1.5 times larger for dispatch, statistical and heat rate models, respectively.
Catullus within the Ancient Lyric Tradition
Authors: Oade Stephanie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 offers an overview of the ancient lyric ‘genre’, from archaic lyric songs through lyric song in Attic drama to subversive Hellenistic experimentations, in order to position Catullus within an ancient lyric consciousness. The discussions focus on certain familiar attributes and concepts that often feature in studies of the lyric genre and that are relevant to a study of Catullus’s voice, in particular ideas of performance, performativity, and the role of the audience in interpreting and appropriating the words, as well as ideas of voice (whether that is the seemingly personal first-person ego of the archaic monodic singers or the communal voice of choral song). The chapter also explores lyric’s potential for exploiting shifts in temporality, persona, and perspective and the effect this has on the audience.
Music and Lyric
Authors: Oade Stephanie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 turns to the music associated with Catullus’s poetry. After a brief discussion of the nature of lyric poetry’s relationship with music, there is an overview of the reception of classical texts and classical mythology in musical compositions, particularly musical compositions of the twentieth century, focusing on music of the twentieth century that features the poetry of Catullus. An overview of this volume’s four case studies by Ned Rorem, Alan Rawsthorne, Carl Orff, and Strauss–Hofmannsthal is offered and each work is contextualized in relation to the wider field of musical reception. These new works change our relationship with Catullus because they change the audience and, therefore, also the sociologically dependent interpretations. The transitions from poetry to music, ancient to modern, therefore, become vitally important for our understanding of Catullus as he stands in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
The Context: Catullus in Rorem and Rawsthorne
Authors: Oade Stephanie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Part II opens with a context section offering some background information on the volume’s first two works of Catullan reception: the first a song for piano and solo tenor voice by Ned Rorem, Catullus: On the Burial of his Brother (based on Catullus 101); the second a work for choir, solo tenor, and harp by Alan Rawsthorne: Lament for a Sparrow (based on Catullus 3). The chapters of Part II consider the various ways in which the lyric mode may be maintained, changed, enhanced, or undermined through musical setting and live performance. This section includes evidence (or lack of evidence) for the composers’ engagement with the classics, from their education to their wider artistic output, as well as the contexts for the compositions.
The Context: Orff’s Catullus
Authors: Oade Stephanie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The two chapters of Part III show how individual lyric poems may be extracted from the Catullan corpus and set together to form a cycle, allowing them to interact with each other in such a way that demands the inference of narrative interpretation from the reader/composer/musical audience. This part of the volume is therefore concerned with generic crossing in reception and the potential for lyric to move towards the narrative mode; however, it also draws out the difficulty of trying to generate a linear narrative from lyric poems, thus exposing the overlaps and incompatibilities between and within the lyric and narrative genres. Part III opens with some contextual information around Carl Orff and his oratorio-type choral work Catulli Carmina: Ludi Scaenici, including details of Orff’s engagement with classical texts and the Latin language, and with Catullus in particular. This section lays out Orff’s selection of poems from Catullus’s corpus and the seemingly autobiographical narrative ‘plot’ this cycle of poems generated in Catulli Carmina. Orff’s musical credo, his monumentalizing style of composition, and his efforts to create a dramatic outline are variously addressed.
Estimating the mean in the space of ranked phylogenetic trees
Authors: Berling Lars , Collienne Lena , Gavryushkin Alex 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Reconstructing evolutionary histories of biological entities, such as genes, cells, organisms, populations, and species, from phenotypic and molecular sequencing data is central to many biological, palaeontological, and biomedical disciplines. Typically, due to uncertainties and incompleteness in data, the true evolutionary history (phylogeny) is challenging to estimate. Statistical modelling approaches address this problem by introducing and studying probability distributions over all possible evolutionary histories, but can also introduce uncertainties due to misspecification. In practice, computational methods are deployed to learn those distributions typically by sampling them. This approach, however, is fundamentally challenging as it requires designing and implementing various statistical methods over a space of phylogenetic trees (or treespace). Although the problem of developing statistics over a treespace has received substantial attention in the literature and numerous breakthroughs have been made, it remains largely unsolved. The challenge of solving this problem is 2-fold: a treespace has nontrivial often counter-intuitive geometry implying that much of classical Euclidean statistics does not immediately apply; many parametrizations of treespace with promising statistical properties are computationally hard, so they cannot be used in data analyses. As a result, there is no single conventional method for estimating even the most fundamental statistics over any treespace, such as mean and variance, and various heuristics are used in practice. Despite the existence of numerous tree summary methods to approximate means of probability distributions over a treespace based on its geometry, and the theoretical promise of this idea, none of the attempts resulted in a practical method for summarizing tree samples.

Results
In this paper, we present a tree summary method along with useful properties of our chosen treespace while focusing on its impact on phylogenetic analyses of real datasets. We perform an extensive benchmark study and demonstrate that our method outperforms currently most popular methods with respect to a number of important ‘quality’ statistics. Further, we apply our method to three empirical datasets ranging from cancer evolution to linguistics and find novel insights into corresponding evolutionary problems in all of them. We hence conclude that this treespace is a promising candidate to serve as a foundation for developing statistics over phylogenetic trees analytically, as well as new computational tools for evolutionary data analyses.

Availability and implementation
An implementation is available at https://github.com/bioDS/Centroid-Code.
Establishing and Maintaining Social Relationships During Significant Life Events: The Role of Age
Authors: Radjenovic Sonja , Rupprecht Fiona S , Nikitin Jana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We investigate how adults of different ages experience changes in their social relationships during significant life events. Based on different goal priorities, younger adults may benefit more from establishing new social contacts during a significant life event, whereas older adults may benefit more from maintaining existing relationships.

Methods
To test these hypotheses, we conducted multilevel modeling with a sample of N = 6,688 participants aged 18–90 years who reported at least 1 significant life event in the past 2 years.

Results
Both establishing new social relationships and maintaining existing relationships during significant life events were associated with higher levels of well-being. As predicted, these associations were moderated by age. Establishing new social relationships was more strongly associated with mental health and life satisfaction in younger adults, whereas maintaining existing relationships was more strongly associated with subjective well-being, physical health, and loneliness in older adults.

Discussion
These findings provide valuable insights into the role of age in the change and stability of social relationships during significant life events.
P01 Assessment of risk factors associated with MDR organism infections among patients admitted in a tertiary hospital—a retrospective study
Authors: Alsehemi Alaa , Alharbi Emad , Alammash Buthainah , Alrais Alaa , Alahmadi Yaser M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The misuse of antibiotics has contributed to the worldwide rise in bacterial resistance seen in the medical community. The prevalence of MDR organisms (MDROs) has been growing rapidly in recent years in Saudi Arabia, prompting us to conduct this investigation.

Objectives
This retrospective, observational, case-control study aimed to determine and identify the common risk factors of MDROs among admitted patients to develop a predictive model of infection by MDROs that may help in selecting the appropriate initial antibiotic treatment.

Methods
In total 270 patients were included; they were all adults ≥18 year old with positive bacterial culture. A total of 136 out of 270 individuals tested positive for MDROs, and CRE (24.3%) and XDR (20.6%) strains were determined to be the most prevalent types. Patients who were male and ≤65 years old made up the majority of the population. Among comorbidities, stroke and hemiplegia were more prevalent with MDROs and prior IV antibiotic use at 3 months was greater. Furthermore, medical devices were significantly more associated with MDRO cases. In addition, the usage of acid suppression medications, corticosteroids and a history of prior surgery was more prevalent in MDRO cases. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common pathogen (30.9%), followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (20.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus (19.1%) in the case group.

Conclusions
These findings show that stroke, hemiplegia, use of medical devices, previous use of corticosteroids, acid suppressive medications and previous IV antibiotics were associated with high risk of MDRO infections. Knowing the risk factors for MDROs and giving the right antibiotic treatment immediately may help reduce the number of cases and deaths from these infections.
P21 A one-two punch? Investigating the potential of phage–antibiotic combination (PAC) therapy using pleurotin and phage K in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Tadesse Michaël D , Sagona Antonia , Alberti Fabrizio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
MDR organisms pose a major healthcare challenge. The current limitations on antibiotic discovery have necessitated the search for novel discovery methods and sources as well as non-antibiotic alternatives. The basidiomycete-derived, secondary metabolite pleurotin and its congeners could be a proponent of the former, as these have been shown to be effective against Gram-positive bacteria, while bacteriophages (phages) could be the ultimate non-antibiotic alternative. A very promising application of bacteriophage therapy is phage–antibiotic combination (PAC) therapy, where (cocktails of) phage and conventional antibiotic are employed against problematic bacterial strains. In this project, the combination of pleurotin and bacteriophages targeting Staphylococcus aureus was examined.

Methods
Pleurotin was isolated from the basidiomycete Hohenbuehelia atrocaerulea grown in YM broth. Purification and structure characterization was performed using flash chromatography, LC-MS, HPLC and NMR spectroscopy. Purified pleurotin was compared with pleuromutilin and vancomycin, in combination with phage K against S. aureus (NCTC 9318) in single agent and PAC time–kill assays. The cytotoxicity of pleurotin was assessed using LDH and live/dead viability assays in human diabetic skin fibroblasts in comparison to pleuromutilin, vancomycin and phage K.

Results
Pleurotin, pleuromutilin and vancomycin both showed expected inhibitory activity against NCTC 9318. Reduced growth was seen in most concentrations. Phage K in combination with both pleurotin and vancomycin showed a decrease in growth rates compared with treatment with phage or antibiotic alone whereas adding phage to pleuromutilin yielded an antagonistic effect. Cytotoxicity of pleurotin in human cells was not significantly different to vancomycin and pleuromutilin.

Conclusions
Results suggest that phage K can lower the working MIC for pleurotin and vancomycin. Subsequent work revealing efficiency against clinically relevant strains and biofilms will be necessary.
P26 Exploring socioeconomic disparities effect on patient understanding of antimicrobial resistance: a Southwest Devon study
Authors: Meftahpour Kerim , Segireddy Rishika , Macrostie Alexandra , Hartley Evangeline , Bond-Kendall Lewis , Walch Marcus , Marwaha Raveena 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
With projections indicating 10 million annual deaths worldwide by 2050 due to AMR,1 understanding public perceptions is crucial. Primary care settings, where antibiotic prescribing is prevalent (&gt;81% in the UK),2 are especially important. Assessing the impact of deprivation on patient behaviours is essential. St Levan Surgery (PL21JR) and Buckfastleigh Medical Centre (TQ110DE) represent areas with varying levels of deprivation. St Levan Surgery (PL2 1JR) is surrounded by an area of 1st to 4th decile for Index of Multiple Deprivation, contrasting with Buckfastleigh Medical Centre’s (TQ110DE) 4th to 7th decile.3 Investigating differences between these primary care services can provide insight into the socioeconomic disparities affecting AMR awareness and stewardship.

Objectives
This cross-sectional study investigates patient perceptions of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across two differing socioeconomic areas in Southwest Devon. The aim is to assess patient knowledge of AMR, attitudes towards antibiotic use and factors influencing behaviours to better understand the effect of deprivation on AMR awareness and understanding and potentially inform targeted interventions for mitigating AMR in primary care.

Methods
A questionnaire was administered to patients prescribed antibiotics in the past six months through face-to-face interactions, QR codes and NHS-approved texting services. Responses were collected from 72 patients at St Levan Surgery (November 2023) and 110 patients at Buckfastleigh Medical Centre (March 2024).

Results
Analysis revealed disparities in patient awareness and antibiotic usage between the two regions. Awareness of treatable infections: Patients at St Levan showed lower awareness, especially regarding fungal infections such as thrush. Awareness of AMR: Buckfastleigh patients exhibited higher awareness, indicating potential knowledge gaps in St Levan. Understanding of AMR causes: Neither group showed substantial awareness, highlighting the need for educational interventions. Antibiotic prescribing discrepancies: Buckfastleigh patients received more antibiotic prescriptions, possibly influenced by patient characteristics and healthcare provider behaviours.

Conclusions
While Buckfastleigh exhibited higher overall awareness, both areas could benefit from addressing gaps in understanding AMR causes and treatable infections. The study emphasizes the necessity for tailored interventions, particularly in deprived areas such as St Levan Surgery, to enhance patient knowledge and combat AMR effectively. Differences in prescribing practices should also be further investigated and may be related to the inverse care law.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Testing of Hepatitis C Virus–Exposed Children Across the United States
Authors: Epstein Rachel L , Kurnellas Anna , Munroe Sarah , Curtis Megan R , Biondi Breanne , Wachman Elisha M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite rising hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence among pregnant individuals in the United States, HCV testing among exposed infants remains low. Although recent guidelines recommend early ribonucleic acid (RNA) testing for HCV-exposed children to help improve testing rates, national studies describing factors associated with HCV testing and the type of testing completed are lacking.

Methods
In this retrospective national study, we characterized HCV testing and care among HCV-exposed infants born between 2010 and 2020 captured in the electronic health record-based TriNetX Research Network. We analyzed factors associated with appropriate HCV testing completion (negative or positive HCV RNA testing or negative HCV antibody testing at any age through study end in 2022) and with RNA compared with antibody testing using univariable and multivariable logistic regression with clustered standard errors by healthcare organization.

Results
Of 8516 HCV-exposed children, 45.8% completed any HCV testing and 42.1% completed appropriate testing (25% of whom had RNA testing only). A total of 182 (5.1% of appropriately tested children) had evidence of HCV infection. Of 104 treatment-eligible children, 14.4% were treated. Black (odds ratio [OR]: 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26–0.55), Asian/Pacific Islander (OR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.03–0.11), and Hispanic/Latinx (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.36–0.88) children had lower odds of appropriate testing compared with White and non-Hispanic/Latinx children.

Conclusions
Fewer than half of HCV-exposed children in this national sample were tested for HCV, with lower testing odds among Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Hispanic/Latinx children. Substantial work to increase testing and treatment and decrease disparities in testing among HCV-exposed children is needed to help reach US HCV elimination goals.
Evaluation of lacrimal gland vascularization using superb microvascular imaging: A potential diagnostic tool in Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Salbas Ciğdem Samur , Uslu Sadettin , Salbas Ender 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The aim of this study is to evaluate the superb microvascular imaging (SMI) findings of the lacrimal glands for the sonographic diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS).

Methods
Twenty-one patients with pSS and 20 healthy groups were evaluated. Dry eye symptoms and their effects on vision-related functions were evaluated with McMonnies and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaires. Lacrimal glands were evaluated by power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS), colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS), and SMI.

Results
Dry eye symptoms, as determined by McMonnies and OSDI, were significantly more severe in patients with pSS than in the control group (P = .001 and P = .021, respectively). Lacrimal gland vascular activity rates and hypoechoic areas were significantly higher in pSS patients compared to the control group (P &lt; .05). The detection rates of the degree of vascularity in the lacrimal glands of patients with pSS were higher with SMI compared to CDUS and PDUS. In addition, SMI positively correlated with CDUS, PDUS, OSDI, and McMonnies.

Conclusions
Evaluation of the lacrimal gland by the SMI was found to be excellent in predicting the likelihood of individuals having pSS compared to CDUS and PDUS. This technique may serve as a reliable and noninvasive adjunctive tool for assessing the degree of lacrimal vascularity in pSS.
Earlier peak photosynthesis timing potentially escalates global wildfires
Authors: Lai Gengke , Li Jialing , Wang Jun , Wu Chaoyang , Zhang Yongguang , Zohner Constantin M , Peñuelas Josep , Ge Quansheng 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
More intense fire weather due to climate change is implicated as a key driver of recent extreme wildfire events. As fuel stock, the role of vegetation and its phenology changes in wildfire dynamics, however is not fully appreciated. Using long-term satellite-based burned areas and photosynthesis observations, we reveal that an earlier peak photosynthesis timing (PPT) potentially acts to escalate subsequent wildfires, with an increase in the global average burned fraction of 0.021% (∼2.20 Mha) for every additional day of PPT advancement. Satellite observations and Earth System modeling consistently show that this fire escalation is likely due to intensified drought conditions and increased fuel availability associated with the climate feedback arising from earlier PPT. Current fire-enabled dynamic global vegetation models can reproduce the observed negative correlation between PPT and burned area but underestimate the strength of the relationship notably. Given the continued PPT advancement owing to climate change, the bioclimatic effects of vegetation phenology change suggest a potentially pervasive upward pressure on future wildfires.