bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concise Review: Maturation Phases of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Robertson Claire , Tran David D. , George Steven C. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPS-CM) may offer a number of advantages over previous cardiac models, however, questions of their immaturity complicate their adoption as a new in vitro model. hPS-CM differ from adult cardiomyocytes with respect to structure, proliferation, metabolism and electrophysiology, better approximating fetal cardiomyocytes. Time in culture appears to significantly impact phenotype, leading to what can be referred to as early and late hPS-CM. This work surveys the phenotype of hPS-CM, including structure, bioenergetics, sensitivity to damage, gene expression, and electrophysiology, including action potential, ion channels, and intracellular calcium stores, while contrasting fetal and adult CM with hPS-CM at early and late time points after onset of differentiation.
Regulation of L-Threonine Dehydrogenase in Somatic Cell Reprogramming
Authors: Han Chuanchun , Gu Hao , Wang Jiaxu , Lu Weiguang , Mei Yide , Wu Mian 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that metabolic remodeling plays an important role in the regulation of somatic cell reprogramming. Threonine catabolism mediated by L-threonine dehydrogenase (TDH) has been recognized as a specific metabolic trait of mouse embryonic stem cells. However, it remains unknown whether TDH-mediated threonine catabolism could regulate reprogramming. Here, we report TDH as a novel regulator of somatic cell reprogramming. Knockdown of TDH inhibits, whereas induction of TDH enhances reprogramming efficiency. Moreover, microRNA-9 post-transcriptionally regulates the expression of TDH and thereby inhibits reprogramming efficiency. Furthermore, protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT5) interacts with TDH and mediates its post-translational arginine methylation. PRMT5 appears to regulate TDH enzyme activity through both methyltransferase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Functionally, TDH-facilitated reprogramming efficiency is further enhanced by PRMT5. These results suggest that TDH-mediated threonine catabolism controls somatic cell reprogramming and indicate the importance of post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation of TDH. STEM CELLS 2013;31:953–965
Learning in context: Technology integration in a teacher preparation program informed by situated learning theory
Authors: Bell Randy L. , Maeng Jennifer L. , Binns Ian C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis investigation explores the effectiveness of a teacher preparation program aligned with situated learning theory on preservice science teachers' use of technology during their student teaching experiences. Participants included 26 preservice science teachers enrolled in a 2‐year Master of Teaching program. A specific program goal was to prepare teachers to use technology to support reform‐based science instruction. To this end, the program integrated technology instruction across five courses and situated this instruction within the context of learning and teaching science. A variety of data sources were used to characterize the participants' intentions and instructional practices, including classroom observations, lesson plans, interviews, and written reflections. Data analysis followed a constant comparative process with the goal of describing if, how, and why the participants integrated technology into their instruction and the extent to which they applied, adapted, and innovated upon what they learned in the science teacher preparation program. Results indicate that all participants used technology throughout their student teaching for reform‐based science instruction. Additionally, they used digital images, videos, animations, and simulations to teach process skills, support inquiry instruction, and to enhance student engagement in ways that represented application, adaptation, and innovation upon what they learned in the science teaching methods program. Participants cited several features of the science teacher preparation program that helped them to effectively integrate technology into their instruction. These included participating in science lessons in which technology was modeled in the context of specific instructional approaches, collaborating with peers, and opportunities for feedback and reflection after teaching lessons. The findings of this study suggest that situated learning theory may provide an effective structure for preparing preservice teachers to integrate technology in ways that support reform‐based instruction. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50:348–379, 2013
Abnormal ductus venosus pulsatility index in the absence of concurrent umbilical vein pulsations does not indicate worsening fetal condition
Authors: Dahlbäck C. , Pihlsgård M. , Gudmundsson S. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveRecordings of blood flow velocity waveforms in the ductus venosus (DV) and umbilical vein (UV) are routinely used in order to predict fetal condition in high‐risk pregnancies. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pathological blood flow in the two vessels and perinatal outcome.MethodsHigh‐risk pregnancies (n = 11 863) admitted from 1993 to 2011 for blood‐flow examination, including recordings of DV pulsatility index for veins (DV‐PIV) and UV pulsations, were included. The results were related to perinatal outcome, using the last Doppler examination prior to delivery in the analysis.ResultsAbnormal DV‐PIV was observed in 3.9% of cases, intra‐abdominal UV pulsations in 1.3% and pulsations in the cord in 0.7%. As expected, the rate of UV pulsations increased with increasing DV‐PIV Z‐score. Fetuses with a pathological DV‐PIV, but without UV pulsations, showed fewer signs of compromise. This was also true for cases with a DV‐PIV ≥ 4 SDs above the mean (53.7% had steady flow in the UV). In contrast, the occurrence of UV pulsations seemed to be an indicator of fetal compromise, regardless of level of DV‐PIV.ConclusionsAbnormal fetal venous blood velocity is related to adverse outcome in high‐risk pregnancies. However, abnormal DV‐PIV is not a reliable indicator of fetal compromise unless UV pulsations are concurrently present, and should not be regarded an indication for emergency delivery. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Cognition in Down syndrome: a developmental cognitive neuroscience perspective
Authors: Edgin Jamie O. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic form of intellectual disability. DS results in a characteristic proﬁle of cognitive and neurological dysfunction. The predominant theory of the pattern of neural deﬁcits in this syndrome suggests that DS aﬀects ‘late‐developing’ neural systems, including the function of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. In order to evaluate the validity of this theory, in this review, I highlight data addressing the neurological and cognitive phenotype in DS across development. In particular, I address the evidence suggesting that DS may impact late‐developing neural systems and end with the conclusion that some cognitive diﬃculties in DS must result from poor communication between late‐developing regions. Analogous to recent theories of cognitive processing in autism, cognitive deﬁcits in DS may be substantially impacted by less eﬃcient interregional communication. Finally, I discuss some ways in which understanding the impact of altered neurodevelopment in DS has the potential to inform our understanding of species‐typical trajectories of cognitive development. WIREs Cogn Sci 2013, 4:307–317. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1221This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction
Effect of Concentrate Supplementation on Feed Consumption, Nutrient Utilization and Blood Metabolite Profile in Captive Spotted Deer (Axis axis) Fed Oat (Avena sativa) and Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) Fodders Based Diet
Authors: Suresh C. , Das A. , Katole Shrikant , Saini Mohini , Swarup D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to determine the optimum level of a maize–soybean meal–wheat bran concentrate supplement fed to captive spotted deer fed an oat and berseem fodder‐based diet. Twelve adult spotted deer [64–76 kg body weight (BW)] were distributed into three groups of four each and were housed individually. A diet consisting of 5 kg of oat fodder and 5.5 kg of berseem fodder was offered to each one of the experimental animals. The animal in group I received no supplementary concentrate, whereas, those in groups II and III received 0.5 and 1 kg of supplementary concentrate, respectively. A 60 days digestibility trial was conducted with a 5 days collection period on Days 55–59 of the trial. Blood samples were collected from all animals on Day 60 of the experiment. Average daily dry matter intake (DMI) was 1,224, 1,613, and 1,574 g/day in groups I, II, and III, respectively. Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intake was lowest (P < 0.01) in group I. Intake of P, Cu, and Zn was highest (P < 0.01) in group III, followed by groups II and I. Digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was highest (P < 0.05) in group II. Digestibility of OM and CP was lowest (P < 0.05) in group I. Digestibility of gross energy was highest (P < 0.01) in group III (74.9%), followed by groups II (69.3%) and I (66.2%). Digestible energy (DE) intake (kcal/kg BW0.75) was highest (P < 0.01) in group III (195.4), followed by groups II (180.9) and I (129.8). Initial BW was 72.7, 72.5, and 71.0 kg, whereas, final BW was 71.0, 72.7, and 73.5 kg, in groups I, II and III, respectively. Average daily change in body mass was significantly (P < 0.01) different among the groups. The body mass was lost (−29.2 g/day), maintained (4.1 g/day) and gained (41.6 g/day) in groups I, II, and III, respectively. Blood glucose and cholesterol concentration was highest (P < 0.05) in group III, followed by groups II and I. Serum concentration of Cu and Zn was highest (P < 0.05) in group III, followed by groups II and I. Supplementation of forage only diet with 0.5 kg of concentrate mixture increased intake and digestibility of nutrients, without change in body mass. Animals fed 1 kg of supplementary concentrate received energy in excess of requirements, were consistently gaining body mass and were prone to obesity. Thus, it is a right strategy to supplement forage only diet of captive spotted deer with 0.5 kg of concentrate. Zoo Biol. 32:195–203, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
The Irritant Effects of Pharmaceutically Applied Surfactants
Authors: Erős Gábor , Kurgyis Zsuzsanna , Németh István Balázs , Csizmazia Eszter , Berkó Szilvia , Szabó‐Révész Piroska , Kemény Lajos , Csányi Erzsébet 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDermal or transdermal medication may lead to irritant contact dermatitis. However, little information is available on the irritant effect of surfactants which are applied in topical formulations. Our aim was to examine the irritant effect of the most frequent compounds in topical products. A murine model was applied. The following compounds were examined: sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), polyethoxylated (40EO) hydrogenated castor oil and sucrose laurate. SLS led to severe erythema, increase in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and induced necrosis and accumulation of neutrophylic granulocytes and lymphocytes. Exposure to sucrose laurate resulted in an elevation of TEWL, but histology did not reveal impairment of the skin structure. Application of polyethoxylated (40EO) hydrogenated castor oil was not accompanied by tissue damage. Special attention should be paid to the irritant effect of SLS. Polyethoxylated (40EO) hydrogenated castor oil seems to be a non‐irritant agent and sucrose laurate is also a promising candidate for application in topical preparations.
New Vinyl Ester Bio‐copolymers Derived from Dimer Fatty Acids: Preparation, Characterization and Properties
Authors: Li Shouhai , Xia Jianling , Li Mei , Huang Kun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTwo different vinyl ester resin monomers derived from dimer fatty acids (DA), dimer fatty acids polymerized glycidyl methacrylate (DA‐p‐GMA) resin and maleic anhydride modified dimer fatty acids polymerized glycidyl methacrylate (MA‐m‐DA‐p‐GMA) resin were prepared via simple ring‐opening and esterification. FTIR, 1H‐NMR and GPC results demonstrated that these two target products have been successfully synthesized. Moreover, DA‐based vinyl ester resin–styrene copolymers with different weight ratios were also prepared by a thermal polymerization, and their mechanical, morphological and thermal properties were investigated. Mechanical tests displayed that the prepared copolymers had excellent mechanical properties, and even at a low styrene content of 30 wt%, the copolymers still had excellent flexural strength of 29.14 MPa and tensile strength of 15.99 MPa. Micro‐morphological investigation displayed that the copolymers had glossy and smooth impact resistance fractured surfaces, indicating distinctive fast brittle fracture features. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that the copolymers’ glass‐transition temperatures were within a broad range from 44 to 72 °C. Thermogravimetric results demonstrated that the copolymers had excellent thermal stability, as all copolymers showed a high thermal initial decomposition temperature above 390 °C.
The lipidome and proteome of oil bodies from Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)
Authors: Furse Samuel , Liddell Susan , Ortori Catharine A. , Williams Huw , Neylon D. Cameron , Scott David J. , Barrett David A. , Gray David A. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In this paper we report the molecular profiling, lipidome and proteome, of the plant organelle known as an oil body (OB). The OB is remarkable in that it is able to perform its biological role (storage of triglycerides) whilst resisting the physical stresses caused by changes during desiccation (dehydration) and germination (rehydration). The molecular profile that confers such extraordinary physical stability on OBs was determined using a combination of 31P/1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution mass spectrometry and nominal mass-tandem mass spectrometry for the lipidome, and gel-electrophoresis-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the proteome. The integrity of the procedure for isolating OBs was supported by physical evidence from small-angle neutron-scattering experiments. Suppression of lipase activity was crucial in determining the lipidome. There is conclusive evidence that the latter is dominated by phosphatidylcholine (∼60 %) and phosphatidylinositol (∼20 %), with a variety of other head groups (∼20 %). The fatty acid profile of the surface monolayer comprised palmitic, linoleic and oleic acids (2:1:0.25, 1H NMR) with only traces of other fatty acids (C24:0, C22:0, C18:0, C18:3, C16:2; by MS). The proteome is rich in oleosins (78 %) with the remainder being made up of caleosins and steroleosins. These data are sufficiently detailed to inform an update of the understood model of this organelle and can be used to inform the use of such components in a range of molecular biological, biotechnological and food industry applications. The techniques used in this study for profiling the lipidome throw a new light on the lipid profile of plant cellular compartments.
Conditional Density Growth (CDG) model: a simplified model of RRT coverage for kinematic systems
Authors: Esposito Joel M. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYIt has been shown before that the Rapidly Exploring Random Tree (RRT) algorithm is probabilistically and resolution complete; and that the probability of finding a particular solution path can be related to the number of nodes. However, little analysis exists on the rate at which the tree covers the configuration space. In this paper, we present a stochastic difference equation which models how the tree covers the configuration space as a function of the number of nodes in the tree. Using two simplifying assumptions, appropriate for holonomic, kinematic systems in expansive configuration spaces, we derive closed-form solutions for the expected value and variance of configuration space coverage, which only depend on two easily computable parameters. Using a grid-based coverage measurement, we present experimental evidence supporting this model across a range of dimensions, obstacle densities, and parameter choices. Collecting data from 1000 RRTs, we provide evidence that configuration space coverage concentrates tightly around the expected coverage predicted by the model; and the results of the Chi-squared test suggest that the distribution of coverage across these runs is highly Gaussian. Together these results enable one to predict the expected coverage, along with a confidence interval, after a certain number of nodes have been added to the tree. We also applied the model to an example with extremely narrow passages and to a system with non-holonomic kinematics. The expected value prediction is still qualitatively accurate; but the rate constant is reduced and the variance is higher. Overall, in addition to its theoretical value, the model may find future application as an online measure of search-progress and problem difficulty, useful for adaptive variants of the basic RRT algorithm.
Roles and impacts of non-governmental organizations in Natura 2000 implementation in Hungary and Poland
Authors: CENT JOANNA , MERTENS CORDULA , NIEDZIAŁKOWSKI KRZYSZTOF 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe ecological network of Natura 2000, an European Union (EU) initiative to halt biodiversity loss across Europe, has dominated biodiversity governance in the new EU member states in recent years, as implementation was a condition of accession. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have generally assisted Natura 2000 implementation. In two Central and Eastern European countries (Poland and Hungary), NGOs became involved in different ways; this paper seeks to analyse and explain these national differences by researching the theoretical background of policy networks and advocacy coalitions in both countries. In Hungary, NGOs worked closely with governmental authorities and contributed significantly to site selection. In Poland, NGOs initially opposed government plans, but later moved toward close cooperation with public institutions; this resulted in a significant expansion in the area and number of designated Natura 2000 sites. In both countries, NGO influence increased during the Natura 2000 process owing to the establishment of multi-level policy networks with the European Commission and public institutions, based on resource dependencies and shared beliefs. In post-socialist countries, the progression from government-monopolized biodiversity conservation implies a growing importance and contribution of NGOs, and their ability to use resources appropriately in the new governance contexts.
Automated Podosome Identification and Characterization in Fluorescence Microscopy Images
Authors: Meddens Marjolein B.M. , Rieger Bernd , Figdor Carl G. , Cambi Alessandra , van den Dries Koen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPodosomes are cellular adhesion structures involved in matrix degradation and invasion that comprise an actin core and a ring of cytoskeletal adaptor proteins. They are most often identified by staining with phalloidin, which binds F-actin and therefore visualizes the core. However, not only podosomes, but also many other cytoskeletal structures contain actin, which makes podosome segmentation by automated image processing difficult. Here, we have developed a quantitative image analysis algorithm that is optimized to identify podosome cores within a typical sample stained with phalloidin. By sequential local and global thresholding, our analysis identifies up to 76% of podosome cores excluding other F-actin-based structures. Based on the overlap in podosome identifications and quantification of podosome numbers, our algorithm performs equally well compared to three experts. Using our algorithm we show effects of actin polymerization and myosin II inhibition on the actin intensity in both podosome core and associated actin network. Furthermore, by expanding the core segmentations, we reveal a previously unappreciated differential distribution of cytoskeletal adaptor proteins within the podosome ring. These applications illustrate that our algorithm is a valuable tool for rapid and accurate large-scale analysis of podosomes to increase our understanding of these characteristic adhesion structures.
Three-Dimensional Semiconductor Device Investigation Using Focused Ion Beam and Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging (FIB/SEM Tomography)
Authors: Lepinay K. , Lorut F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThree-dimensional focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM tomography) is currently an important technique to characterize in 3D a complex semiconductor device or a specific failure. However, the industrial context demands low turnaround time making the technique less useful. To make it more attractive, the following study focuses on a specific methodology going from sample preparation to the final volume reconstruction to reduce the global time analysis while keeping reliable results. The FIB/SEM parameters available will be first analyzed to acquire a relevant dataset in a reasonable time (few hours). Then, a new alignment strategy based on specific alignment marks [using tetraethoxylisane (TEOS) and Pt deposition] is proposed to improve the volume reconstruction speed. These points combined represent a considerable improvement regarding the reliability of the results and the time consumption (gain of factor 3). This method is then applied to various case studies illustrating the benefits of the FIB/SEM tomography technique such as the precise identification of the origin of 3D defects, or the capability to perform a virtual top-down deprocessing on soft material not possible by any mechanical solution.
Wer kann den Lügner entlarven? Need for Cognition und die Fähigkeit von Lehramtsstudierenden Wahrheit und Lüge zu erkennen
Authors: Reinhard Marc-Andre 
Published: January 2013

Zwei Studien untersuchen den Zusammenhang von Need for Cognition und der Fähigkeit, Lüge und Wahrheit zu erkennen, bei Lehramtsstudierenden. Den Grundannahmen von Zwei-Prozess-Modellen entsprechend führt ein höheres Need for Cognition zur vermehrten Nutzung inhaltlicher Informationen bei Glaubwürdigkeitsurteilen. Personen mit niedrigerem Need for Cognition nutzen dagegen vorrangig stereotype nonverbale Informationen für ihre Urteile. Bisherige Arbeiten zeigen, dass die Nutzung inhaltlicher Informationen im Vergleich zu stereotypen nonverbalen Hinweisreizen bei der Entdeckung von Täuschungen erfolgversprechender ist. Daher wurde die Hypothese aufgestellt und getestet, dass ein höheres Need for Cognition bei Lehramtsstudierenden mit einer besseren Erkennensleistung von wahren und erlogenen Aussagen einhergeht. Die Ergebnisse von Studie 1 bestätigten diese Hypothese. Studie 2 zeigte darüber hinaus, dass der Zusammenhang zwischen Need for Cognition und Erkennensleistung nur dann auftrat, wenn die Aussagen durch die Quellen nicht vorbereitet werden konnten. Mögliche Implikationen dieser Ergebnisse für die Schulpraxis werden diskutiert.