bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of the NURE Assessment of the U.S. Gulf Coast Uranium Province
Authors: Hall Susan M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Historic exploration and development were used to evaluate the reliability of domestic uranium reserves and potential resources estimated by the U.S. Department of Energy national uranium resource evaluation (NURE) program in the U.S. Gulf Coast Uranium Province. NURE estimated 87 million pounds of reserves in the $30/lb U3O8 cost category in the Coast Plain uranium resource region, most in the Gulf Coast Uranium Province. Since NURE, 40 million pounds of reserves have been mined, and 38 million pounds are estimated to remain in place as of 2012, accounting for all but 9 million pounds of U3O8 in the reserve or production categories in the NURE estimate. Considering the complexities and uncertainties of the analysis, this study indicates that the NURE reserve estimates for the province were accurate. An unconditional potential resource of 1.4 billion pounds of U3O8, 600 million pounds of U3O8 in the forward cost category of $30/lb U3O8 (1980 prices), was estimated in 106 favorable areas by the NURE program in the province. Removing potential resources from the non-productive Houston embayment, and those reserves estimated below historic and current mining depths reduces the unconditional potential resource 33% to about 930 million pounds of U3O8, and that in the $30/lb cost category 34% to 399 million pounds of U3O8. Based on production records and reserve estimates tabulated for the region, most of the production since 1980 is likely from the reserves identified by NURE. The potential resource predicted by NURE has not been developed, likely due to a variety of factors related to the low uranium prices that have prevailed since 1980.
Consumption of Dietary n‐3 Fatty Acids Decreases Fat Deposition and Adipocyte Size, but Increases Oxidative Susceptibility in Broiler Chickens
Authors: González‐Ortiz Gemma , Sala Roser , Cánovas Elisa , Abed Nourhène , Barroeta Ana C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of an omega‐3 (n‐3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)‐enriched diet on animal fat depots and lipid oxidation in the blood and meat of broiler chickens. Abdominal fat pad (AFP), sartorius muscle and liver histology were used to assess the effect of the dietary fat on animal lipid depots. A total of 60 female broilers (14 days old) was randomly divided into two groups which received a diet containing 10 % of tallow (S diet), rich in saturated fatty acids or 10 % of a blend of fish oil and linseed oil (N3 diet), rich in n‐3 PUFA from 14 to 50 days of life. Both absolute and relative weights of AFP in N3 animals were lower than in the S group (P < 0.05). These results paralleled with a lower adipocyte mean area (P < 0.001) obtained in N3‐fed animals, leading to a higher number of fat cells per unit of surface measured (383.4 adipocytes/mm2 vs. 273.7 adipocytes/mm2). Similarly, fat content and the intramuscular fat‐occupied area of muscle were lower in N3 (P < 0.0001) than in the S‐fed birds. Neither macroscopic nor microscopic differences were observed in the liver. The inclusion of dietary n‐3 PUFA increased meat and erythrocyte oxidation susceptibility; however, the erythrocytes from the S group were less resistant to osmotic changes. Results indicate that feeding an n‐3 PUFA diet influences fat distribution and the oxidative status of broiler chickens.
Running-in process of Si-SiO
x
/SiO2 pair at nanoscale—Sharp drops in friction and wear rate during initial cycles
Authors: Chen Lei , Kim Seong H. , Wang Xiaodong , Qian Linmao 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Using an atomic force microscope, the running-in process of a single crystalline silicon wafer coated with native oxide layer (Si-SiO
x
) against a SiO2 microsphere was investigated under various normal loads and displacement amplitudes in ambient air. As the number of sliding cycles increased, both the friction force F
t of the Si-SiO
x
/SiO2 pair and the wear rate of the silicon surface showed sharp drops during the initial 50 cycles and then leveled off in the remaining cycles. The sharp drop in F
t appeared to be induced mainly by the reduction of adhesion-related interfacial force between the Si-SiO
x
/SiO2 pair. During the running-in process, the contact area of the Si-SiO
x
/SiO2 pair might become hydrophobic due to removal of the hydrophilic oxide layer on the silicon surface and the surface change of the SiO2 tip, which caused the reduction of friction force and the wear rate of the Si-SiO
x
/SiO2 pair. A phenomenological model is proposed to explain the running-in process of the Si-SiO
x
/SiO2 pair in ambient air. The results may help us understand the mechanism of the running-in process of the Si-SiO
x
/SiO2 pair at nanoscale and reduce wear failure in dynamic microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).
Milestones in the quest for best management of patients with HELLP syndrome (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, hepatic dysfunction, thrombocytopenia)
Authors: Martin James Nello 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn the 3 decades since the original description and naming of the dangerous pregnancy complication called HELLP syndrome, many milestones have been passed in pursuit of a better understanding of the disorder and its best management. It is worthwhile to review the milestones through which we have passed internationally in obstetrics as the peril that this disorder poses to pregnancy has been exposed. Factors of importance for emphasis will be definitions, reasons why the triple classification system impacts practice, the important role glucocorticoids have in reversing the pathogenesis of the disorder if used early, the excellent results reported for mothers when all components of the Mississippi Protocol are utilized for patient care, and the place of plasma exchange in special situations. Our challenge for the future is to delay or prevent HELLP's development prior to potential viability so that stillbirths and very preterm losses can be reduced or eliminated.
THE EVOLUTION OF TESTIMONY: RECEIVER VIGILANCE, SPEAKER HONESTY AND THE RELIABILITY OF COMMUNICATION
Authors: Michaelian Kourken 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDrawing on both empirical evidence and evolutionary considerations, Sperber et al. argue that humans have a suite of evolved mechanisms for ‘epistemic vigilance’. On their view, vigilance plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliability and hence the evolutionary stability of communication. This article responds to their argument for vigilance, drawing on additional empirical evidence (from deception detection research) and evolutionary considerations (from animal signalling research) to defend a more optimistic, quasi-Reidian view of communication. On this alternative view, the lion's share of the responsibility for explaining the reliability of testimony falls not to the vigilance of receivers but rather to the honesty of communicators, implying that vigilance does not play a major role in explaining the evolutionary stability of communication.
SPEAKERS ARE HONEST BECAUSE HEARERS ARE VIGILANT REPLY TO KOURKEN MICHAELIAN
Authors: Sperber Dan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn ‘The Evolution of Testimony: Receiver Vigilance, Speaker Honesty and the Reliability of Communication,’ Kourken Michaelian questions the basic tenets of our article ‘Epistemic Vigilance’ (Sperber et al. 2010). Here I defend against Michaelian's criticisms the view that epistemic vigilance plays a major role in explaining the evolutionary stability of communication and that the honesty of speakers and the reliability of their testimony are, to a large extent, an effect of hearers' vigilance.
Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss and cardiometabolic profile in Chinese women: a randomised controlled feeding trial
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhang Geng , Ye Xingwang , Li Huaixing , Chen Xiafei , Tang Lixin , Feng Ying , Shai Iris , Stampfer Meir J. , Hu Frank B. , Lin Xu 
Published: March 2013

Little is known about the potential adherence to and the effectiveness of a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese adults with a habitually high carbohydrate intake. In the present controlled feeding trial, fifty overweight or obese women (age 47·9 (sem 0·9) years; BMI 26·7 (sem 0·3) kg/m2) were randomly assigned to a LC non-energy-restricted diet (initial carbohydrate intake 20 g/d, with a 10 g increase weekly) or an energy-restricted (ER) diet (carbohydrate intake 156–205 g/d, ER to 5021 or 6276 kJ/d, 35 % average energy reduction) for 12 weeks. Over the intervention period, the two diets had comparable compliance (96 %) and self-reported acceptability. At week 12, carbohydrate intake in the LC and ER groups contributed to 36·1 and 51·1 % of total energy, respectively (P< 0·001). Although both diets showed similarly decreased mean body weight (LC − 5·27 (95 % CI − 6·08, − 4·46) kg; ER − 5·09 (95 % CI − 5·50, − 4·67) kg, P= 0·67) and percentage of fat mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (LC − 1·19 (95 % CI − 1·88, − 0·50) %; ER − 1·56 (95 % CI − 2·20, − 0·92) %, P= 0·42), participants in the LC group had greater reductions in the ratio of total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol (P= 0·03) and also in the ratio of TAG:HDL-cholesterol (P= 0·01) than those in the ER group. The present 12-week diet trial suggested that both a LC non-energy-restricted diet and an ER diet were acceptable to Chinese women and both diets were equally effective in reducing weight and fat mass. Moreover, the LC diet showed beneficial effects on blood lipid profiles.
Demystifying China's Defence Spending: Less Mysterious in the Aggregate
Authors: Liff Adam P. , Erickson Andrew S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractChina's limited transparency concerning its defence spending harms strategic trust, but foreign analysts often lose sight of important realities. Specific details remain unclear, but China's defence spending overall is no mystery – it supports PLA modernization and personnel development as well as its announced objectives of securing China's homeland and asserting control over contested territorial and maritime claims, with a focus on the Near Seas (the Yellow, East, and South China seas). This article offers greater context and perspective for Chinese and Western discussions of China's rise and concomitant military build-up through a nuanced and comprehensive assessment of its defence spending and military transparency.
GLONASS Aided GPS Ambiguity Fixed Precise Point Positioning
Authors: Jokinen Altti , Feng Shaojun , Schuster Wolfgang , Ochieng Washington , Hide Chris , Moore Terry , Hill Chris 
Published: March 2013

The Precise Point Positioning (PPP) concept enables centimetre-level positioning accuracy by employing one Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver. The main advantage of PPP over conventional Real Time Kinematic (cRTK) methods is that a local reference network infrastructure is not required. Only a global reference network with approximately 50 stations is needed because reference GNSS data is required for generating precise error correction products for PPP. However, the current implementation of PPP is not suitable for some applications due to the long time period (i.e. convergence time of up to 60 minutes) required to obtain an accurate position solution. This paper presents a new method to reduce the time required for initial integer ambiguity resolution and to improve position accuracy. It is based on combining GPS and GLONASS measurements to calculate the float ambiguity positioning solution initially, followed by the resolution of GPS integer ambiguities.The results show that using the GPS/GLONASS float solution can, on average, reduce the time to initial GPS ambiguity resolution by approximately 5% compared to using the GPS float solution alone. In addition, average vertical and horizontal positioning errors at the initial ambiguity resolution epoch can be reduced by approximately 17% and 4%, respectively.
Impact of medical and behavioural factors on influenza-like illness, healthcare-seeking, and antiviral treatment during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic: USA, 2009–2010
Authors: BIGGERSTAFF M. , JHUNG M. A. , REED C. , GARG S. , BALLUZ L. , FRY A. M. , FINELLI L. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYWe analysed a cross-sectional telephone survey of U.S. adults to assess the impact of selected characteristics on healthcare-seeking behaviours and treatment practices of people with influenza-like illness (ILI) from September 2009 to March 2010. Of 216 431 respondents, 8·1% reported ILI. After adjusting for selected characteristics, respondents aged 18–64 years with the following factors were more likely to report ILI: a diagnosis of asthma [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1·88, 95% CI 1·67–2·13] or heart disease (aOR 1·41, 95% CI 1·17–1·70), being disabled (aOR 1·75, 95% CI 1·57–1·96), and reporting financial barriers to healthcare access (aOR 1·63, 95% CI 1·45–1·82). Similar associations were seen in respondents aged ⩾65 years. Forty percent of respondents with ILI sought healthcare, and 14% who sought healthcare reported receiving influenza antiviral treatment. Treatment was not more frequent in patients with high-risk conditions, except those aged 18–64 years with heart disease (aOR 1·90, 95% CI 1·03–3·51). Of patients at high risk for influenza complications, self-reported ILI was greater but receipt of antiviral treatment was not, despite guidelines recommending their use in this population.
What is person-centred care in dementia? Clinical reviews into practice: the development of the VIPS practice model
Authors: Røsvik Janne , Brooker Dawn , Mjorud Marit , Kirkevold Øyvind 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThe VIPS framework is a four-part definition of person-centred care for people with dementia (PCC), which arose out of an earlier review article for this journal. The definition has assisted in the practical application of person-centred care. It has been operationalized into the VIPS practice model (VPM), which has been subject to a recent randomized controlled trial within Norwegian nursing homes. The VPM provided a vehicle for the VIPS framework to be utilized during reflective practice meetings focusing on understanding care situations from the perspective of residents with moderate to severe dementia. VPM incorporated an education and coaching approach, clearly defined staff roles, and resident-focused outcomes in a cycle to support improvements in quality of care. The use of VPM in practice is discussed. VPM was built utilizing the literature from organizational change. The role of literature reviews in bringing about change in practice is highlighted.
Linking tourism flows and biological biodiversity in Small Island Developing States (SIDS): evidence from panel data
Authors: Teelucksingh Sonja S. , Watson Patrick K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSmall Island Developing States (SIDS) are characterized by high levels of biodiversity that are under threat. Simultaneously, the tourism sector plays a key role in many of these economies. In this paper, the Hausman-Taylor estimator is used to investigate a tourism demand function in SIDS in which marine and terrestrial biodiversity play a key role, in addition to the traditional economic and price variables. This estimator allows for both the presence of time-invariant variables, a standard feature of environmental data, and the existence of endogenous covariates. Levels of biodiversity are found to have a significant influence on tourism in SIDS and, in particular, a test for redundant variables shows that the biodiversity variables are jointly significant. This justifies their inclusion in a tourism demand function, over and above the conventional economic factors, and points to the importance of national and international policy in protecting the biodiversity of SIDS.
THE CLASSICAL CONTINUUM WITHOUT POINTS
Authors: HELLMAN GEOFFREY , SHAPIRO STEWART 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe develop a point-free construction of the classical one-dimensional continuum, with an interval structure based on mereology and either a weak set theory or a logic of plural quantification. In some respects, this realizes ideas going back to Aristotle, although, unlike Aristotle, we make free use of contemporary “actual infinity”. Also, in contrast to intuitionistic analysis, smooth infinitesimal analysis, and Eret Bishop’s (1967) constructivism, we follow classical analysis in allowing partitioning of our “gunky line” into mutually exclusive and exhaustive disjoint parts, thereby demonstrating the independence of “indecomposability” from a nonpunctiform conception. It is surprising that such simple axioms as ours already imply the Archimedean property and the interval analogue of Dedekind completeness (least-upper-bound principle), and that they determine an isomorphism with the Dedekind–Cantor structure of ℝ as a complete, separable, ordered field. We also present some simple topological models of our system, establishing consistency relative to classical analysis. Finally, after describing how to nominalize our theory, we close with comparisons with earlier efforts related to our own.
Performance enhancement of asymmetric filtered 40 Gb/s carrier suppressed return to zero‐differential phase shift keying receiver in a 50 GHz grid
Authors: Olubodun Olugbenga Ajijola , Murray Neil Joseph , Harper Paul , Doran Nicholas John 
Published: March 2013

The authors present the impact of asymmetric filtering of strong (e.g. 35 GHz) optical filters on the performance of 42.7 Gb/s 67% (carrier suppressed return to zero)‐differential phase shift keying systems. The performance is examined (in an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise‐limited regime and in the presence of chromatic dispersion) when offsetting the filter at the receiver by substantial amounts via balanced, constructive and destructive single‐ended detections. It is found that with a slight offset (vestigial side band) or an offset of almost half of the modulation frequency (single‐side band), there is a significant improvement in the calculated ‘Q’.
Strategies and tactics for managing environmental conflicts: insights from Goldman Environmental Prize recipients
Authors: Langholz Jeff , Sand Kendra , Raak Lacey , Berner Andrew , Anderson Hilary , Geels Bernd , McKeehan Adrienne , Nelsen Ashley 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Disputes over minerals, forests, wildlife, water, and other natural resources continue to rise in frequency and intensity across much of the world. Few scholars have described specific approaches to addressing these disputes, and none have done so systematically across multiple locations with a uniform nomenclature. This article fills part of that gap by analyzing approaches taken by Goldman Environmental Prize recipients. Based on 126 cases spanning 78 countries, 21 years, and 588 actions, we classify environmental conflict management strategies and tactics embodied in this rich data set. The resulting typology offers scholars a systematic lexicon for understanding, describing, and comparing conflict management strategies and tactics, with an emphasis on grassroots efforts. It also provides policymakers and practitioners with a rich tool box of proven approaches for addressing natural resource conflicts.
Global Warming Can Negate the Expected CO2 Stimulation in Photosynthesis and Productivity for Soybean Grown in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Ruiz-Vera Ursula M. , Siebers Matthew , Gray Sharon B. , Drag David W. , Rosenthal David M. , Kimball Bruce A. , Ort Donald R. , Bernacchi Carl J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractExtensive evidence shows that increasing carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) stimulates, and increasing temperature decreases, both net photosynthetic carbon assimilation (A) and biomass production for C3 plants. However the [CO2]-induced stimulation in A is projected to increase further with warmer temperature. While the influence of increasing temperature and [CO2], independent of each other, on A and biomass production have been widely investigated, the interaction between these two major global changes has not been tested on field-grown crops. Here, the interactive effect of both elevated [CO2] (approximately 585 μmol mol−1) and temperature (+3.5°C) on soybean (Glycine max) A, biomass, and yield were tested over two growing seasons in the Temperature by Free-Air CO2 Enrichment experiment at the Soybean Free Air CO2 Enrichment facility. Measurements of A, stomatal conductance, and intercellular [CO2] were collected along with meteorological, water potential, and growth data. Elevated temperatures caused lower A, which was largely attributed to declines in stomatal conductance and intercellular [CO2] and led in turn to lower yields. Increasing both [CO2] and temperature stimulated A relative to elevated [CO2] alone on only two sampling days during 2009 and on no days in 2011. In 2011, the warmer of the two years, there were no observed increases in yield in the elevated temperature plots regardless of whether [CO2] was elevated. All treatments lowered the harvest index for soybean, although the effect of elevated [CO2] in 2011 was not statistically significant. These results provide a better understanding of the physiological responses of soybean to future climate change conditions and suggest that the potential is limited for elevated [CO2] to mitigate the influence of rising temperatures on photosynthesis, growth, and yields of C3 crops.
Identification of Cytokinin-Responsive Genes Using Microarray Meta-Analysis and RNA-Seq in Arabidopsis
Authors: Bhargava Apurva , Clabaugh Ivory , To Jenn P. , Maxwell Bridey B. , Chiang Yi-Hsuan , Schaller G. Eric , Loraine Ann , Kieber Joseph J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCytokinins are N 6-substituted adenine derivatives that play diverse roles in plant growth and development. We sought to define a robust set of genes regulated by cytokinin as well as to query the response of genes not represented on microarrays. To this end, we performed a meta-analysis of microarray data from a variety of cytokinin-treated samples and used RNA-seq to examine cytokinin-regulated gene expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Microarray meta-analysis using 13 microarray experiments combined with empirically defined filtering criteria identified a set of 226 genes differentially regulated by cytokinin, a subset of which has previously been validated by other methods. RNA-seq validated about 73% of the up-regulated genes identified by this meta-analysis. In silico promoter analysis indicated an overrepresentation of type-B Arabidopsis response regulator binding elements, consistent with the role of type-B Arabidopsis response regulators as primary mediators of cytokinin-responsive gene expression. RNA-seq analysis identified 73 cytokinin-regulated genes that were not represented on the ATH1 microarray. Representative genes were verified using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and NanoString analysis. Analysis of the genes identified reveals a substantial effect of cytokinin on genes encoding proteins involved in secondary metabolism, particularly those acting in flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, as well as in the regulation of redox state of the cell, particularly a set of glutaredoxin genes. Novel splicing events were found in members of some gene families that are known to play a role in cytokinin signaling or metabolism. The genes identified in this analysis represent a robust set of cytokinin-responsive genes that are useful in the analysis of cytokinin function in plants.