bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating a breakup event and propagating the orbits of space debris
Authors: Apetrii Marius , Celletti Alessandra , Efthymiopoulos Christos , Galeş Cǎtǎlin , Vartolomei Tudor 
Published: August 2024

AbstractExplosions or collisions of satellites around the Earth generate space debris, whose uncontrolled dynamics might raise serious threats for operational satellites. Mitigation actions can be realized on the basis of our knowledge of the characteristics of the fragments produced during the breakup event and their subsequent propagation. In this context, important information can be obtained by implementing a breakup simulator, which provides, for example, the number of fragments, their area-to-mass ratio or the relative velocity distribution as a function of the characteristic length of the fragments. Motivated by the need to analyze the dynamics of the fragments, we reconstruct a simulator based on the NASA/JSC breakup model EVOLVE 4.0 that we review for self-consistency. This model, created at the beginning of the XXI century, is based on laboratory and on-orbit tests. Given that materials and methods for building satellites are constantly progressing, we leave some key parameters variable and produce results for different choices of the parameters. We will also present an application to the Iridium–Cosmos collision and we discuss the distribution function after a breakup event. The breakup model is strongly related to the propagation of the fragments; in this work, we discuss how to choose the models and the numerical integrators, we propose examples of how fragments can disperse in time, and we study the behavior of multiple simultaneous fragmentations. Finally, we compute some indicators for detecting streams of fragments. Breakup and propagation are performed using our own simulator SIMPRO, built from EVOLVE 4.0; the executable program will be freely available on GitHub.
Development of a digital literacy measurement tool for middle and high school students in the context of scientific practice
Authors: Son Mihyun , Ha Minsu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDigital literacy is essential for scientific literacy in a digital world. Although the NGSS Practices include many activities that require digital literacy, most studies have examined digital literacy from a generic perspective rather than a curricular context. This study aimed to develop a self-report tool to measure elements of digital literacy among middle and high school students in the context of science practice. Using Messick's validity framework, Rasch analysis was conducted to ensure the tool's validity. Initial items were developed from the NGSS, KSES, and other countries' curricula and related research literature. The final 38 items were expertly reviewed by scientists and applied to 1194 students for statistical analysis. The results indicated that the tool could be divided into five dimensions of digital literacy in the context of science practice: collecting and recording data, analyzing and interpreting (statistics), analyzing and interpreting (tools), generating conclusions, and sharing and presenting. Item fit and reliability were analyzed. The study found that most items did not show significant gender or school level differences, but scores increased with grade level. Boys tended to perform better than girls, and this difference did not change with grade level. Analysis and Interpretation (Tools) showed the largest differences across school levels. The developed measurement tool suggests that digital literacy in the context of science practice is distinct from generic digital literacy, requiring a multi-contextual approach to teaching. Furthermore, the gender gap was evident in all areas and did not decrease with higher school levels, particularly in STEM-related items like math and computational languages, indicating a need for focused education for girls. The tool developed in this study can serve as a baseline for teachers to identify students' levels and for students to set learning goals. It provides information on how digital literacy can be taught within a curricular context.
Beyond Individualism and Holism: Integrated Information Theory as Formal Framework for the Gradation of Social Structure
Authors: Christensen Benjamin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn lieu of the sum-zero scenarios of either wholly individualist or holist depictions of social entities, some social ontologists and philosophers of social science have recently called for gradualist approaches able to account for variances in ontological reducibility between specific instances of social phenomena. The precise formal tools needed for this type of approach are, however, currently lacking. In this paper, I propose a new approach to social ontology that utilizes Integrated Information Theory (IIT) in order to provide a suitable formal language for gradualist descriptions and analyses of social entities. In line with the operational physicalism of IIT, social entities are stipulated as causally irreducible to their parts to the degree that differences are made by and to them over and above the differences made by and to their parts.
Thermal Analysis of Composite Slabs Based on Experiment and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Trinh Hoai Duc , Kohno Mamoru 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the thermal response of composite slabs under fire condition, considering various slab geometries. Fire tests were conducted on six composite slabs to obtain the temperature distributions exposed to the ISO 834 standard fire curve for a duration of 210 min. The results indicated that the depth of the concrete significantly affects the temperature of the unexposed surface, while the height of the steel deck has minimal impact. During heating, water vapor and condensation occurred on all tested slabs, causing a delay in the early temperature development of the concrete. The temperature distribution across slab cross-sections was subsequently calculated using numerical simulations. The numerical models were then validated using experimental data. The challenge of precisely simulating the interface between steel deck and concrete was resolved in this numerical model.
University ambidexterity: assessing the nature of interdependence between knowledge exchange and knowledge creation in UK universities
Authors: Johnston Andrew , Woodhouse Drew , Wells Peter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe concept of university ambidexterity has been advanced to capture the simultaneous pursuit of exploration (research) and exploitation (knowledge exchange). While ambidexterity can enhance organisational performance, tensions and barriers have been identified suggesting it is far from straightforward to achieve. In light of this, it has been proposed that universities follow a ‘twisting learning path’ that alternates between exploration and exploitation. However, this violates the idea that innovation activities are persistent in nature. In order to assess the nature of the ambidexterity of UK universities, we use data from the UK Higher Education Business & Community Interaction survey to examine the temporal dynamics of the relationship between research and KE. Through estimating a suite of Panel Variance Auto Regressive models, our results suggest that university ambidexterity has three key characteristics: (1) a determinant temporal ‘path dependent’ effect, whereby research and KE activities exhibit a significant autoregressive component; (2) an inter-temporal bi-directional relationship between research and KE activities; and (3) short time lags between the implementation of research and KE coupled with the dissipation of the relationship over time that is indicative of a persistent relationship between the two. Consequently, we propose an alternative model of university ambidexterity by highlighting the continuous interdependency of research and knowledge exchange within UK universities and its persistent nature.
From traditional to digital servicification: Chinese services in European manufacturing
Authors: Cieślik Ewa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe study investigates if the advancements in the domestic servicification of manufacturing reflect the rise in Chinese servicification within the manufacturing sectors of its trade partners. In a broader context, the article verifies whether China is following global trends related to servicification and digitalization in GVCs with Europe. The research reveals a growing role for Chinese services in both developed and developing European economies, with a higher absorption observed in Western European countries due to their level of development. However, the study did not fully confirm that China is strengthening its role in European digital GVCs. The Chinese strategy of joining advanced GVCs is two-pronged, with heavy servicification with traditional services and considerable variation in the servicification with digital services.
Cardiovascular risk and glucocorticoids: a Dutch National Registry of growth hormone treatment in adults with growth hormone deficiency analysis
Authors: Slagboom Tessa N. A. , van Bunderen Christa C. , van der Lely Aart Jan , Drent Madeleine L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with hypopituitarism are at increased cardiovascular risk, in part because of growth hormone deficiency (GHD), but probably also because of the overuse of glucocorticosteroids in concomitant adrenal insufficiency (AI). We hypothesized that patients with hypopituitarism that were on glucocorticosteroid replacement therapy for concomitant AI would have worse cardiovascular outcomes than those without.

Methods
Retrospective nationwide cohort study. GHD patients from the Dutch National Registry of Growth Hormone Treatment in adults were grouped by the presence (AI; N = 1836) or absence (non-AI; N = 750) of concomitant AI, and differences between groups were analyzed for baseline characteristics and cardiovascular risk, at baseline and during GHRT.

Results
At baseline, AI patients had higher levels of total and LDL cholesterol (both p < 0.01). During GHRT, AI patients were more likely to use cardiovascular drugs (p ≤ 0.01), but we did not find worse outcomes for blood pressure, body composition, lipid and glucose metabolism. The risk of developing peripheral arterial disease (HR 2.22 [1.06–4.65]) and non-fatal cerebrovascular events (HR 3.47 [1.60–7.52]) was higher in AI patients, but these differences disappeared in the models adjusted for baseline differences.

Conclusion
We found no clear evidence to support our hypothesis that patients with hypopituitarism and concomitant AI have worse cardiovascular outcomes than non-AI patients. This suggests that glucocorticoid replacement therapy in AI may be safer than previously thought. However, cardiovascular burden, events and medication use at baseline and during GHRT (in unadjusted models) were higher in AI; so the lack of power, the important role of (adjusting for) other risk factors, and the inability to distinguish between glucocorticoid treatment regimens may have influenced the outcomes.
Systematic Evaluation of Uncertainty Calibration in Pretrained Object Detectors
Authors: Huseljic Denis , Herde Marek , Hahn Paul , Müjde Mehmet , Sick Bernhard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the field of deep learning based computer vision, the development of deep object detection has led to unique paradigms (e.g., two-stage or set-based) and architectures (e.g., Faster-RCNN or DETR) which enable outstanding performance on challenging benchmark datasets. Despite this, the trained object detectors typically do not reliably assess uncertainty regarding their own knowledge, and the quality of their probabilistic predictions is usually poor. As these are often used to make subsequent decisions, such inaccurate probabilistic predictions must be avoided. In this work, we investigate the uncertainty calibration properties of different pretrained object detection architectures in a multi-class setting. We propose a framework to ensure a fair, unbiased, and repeatable evaluation and conduct detailed analyses assessing the calibration under distributional changes (e.g., distributional shift and application to out-of-distribution data). Furthermore, by investigating the influence of different detector paradigms, post-processing steps, and suitable choices of metrics, we deliver novel insights into why poor detector calibration emerges. Based on these insights, we are able to improve the calibration of a detector by simply finetuning its last layer.
What is this thing called misfit? A systematic review into how employee misfit has been defined and researched
Authors: Sun Yuwei , Billsberry Jon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSince 2015, there was a significant surge of interest in employee misfit. These studies demonstrate that although misfit is generally associated with negative outcomes such as organizational exit, social isolation, and depressive states, it can also be viewed more positively as an opportunity for job crafting, growth, and development. In these studies, misfit has been conceptualized, defined, and measured in a myriad of different ways making the interpretation of results problematic. This systematic review investigates how scholars have approached misfit with the goals of documenting and organizing the various ways it has been conceptualized and measured to highlight the main themes and forms of empirical misfit research. The systematic review surfaced 107 studies in 91 papers investigating workplace misfit within the domain of person-environment fit. Close analysis of the design and construction of these studies reveals that misfit has largely been conceptualized atomistically or as value incongruence and there is considerable variation in the way that researchers have defined the concept. It has mainly been measured using atomistic and molar measures rather than molecular ones, which are more suited to misfit investigation. The paper ends with a discussion of the elusiveness of misfit with an argument that it is an umbrella concept beyond definition. Instead, researchers take perspectives on the topic and six different perspectives of employee misfit are identified and defined. Avenues for future research are outlined for each perspective. There is also a discussion of the methodological challenges currently limiting misfit research.
Influence of Germination Time on the Morphological, Structural, Vibrational, Thermal and Pasting Properties of Potato Starch from Solanum tuberosum Phureja Group
Authors: Lucas-Aguirre Juan Carlos , Quintero-Castaño Víctor Dumar , Henao-Ossa Johan Sebastián , Barrón-García Oscar Yael , Rodríguez-García Mario Enrique 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work focuses on the study of the physicochemical changes that take place during a short germination period in flours and starches of the Creole potato tuber. To this end, the changes in the composition of flours and the structural, thermal, vibrational, functional and pasting changes of the isolated starches from germinated potatoes were evaluated during the 12-day germination period, measured every 4 days. The water absorption index (WAI) and the swelling powder showed no significant changes. Germination resulted in a decrease in fat and ash content, but an increase in protein and amylose content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed no changes in the morphology of the starch during germination. X-ray diffraction showed that isolated Creole potato starch contains nanocrystals with hexagonal crystal structure, which are not affected by germination. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows a shift of the gelatinization peak to the right, which could be attributed to the concentration effect. The pasting profiles of the isolated starches show no significant changes, indicating that the starch granules do not suffer any external damage due to the enzymatic process during germination and that the final viscosity behaves like a hydrogel.
Adjuvant modern radiotherapy in resected pN2 NSCLC patients: results from a multicentre retrospective analysis on acute and late toxicity on behalf of AIRO thoracic oncology study group: the RAC-TAC study
Authors: Nardone Valerio , Bruni Alessio , Franceschini Davide , Marini Beatrice , Vagge Stefano , Ciammella Patrizia , Sepulcri Matteo , Cappelli Anna , D’Angelo Elisa , De Marco Giuseppina , Angrisani Antonio , Manetta Mattia , Scricciolo Melissa , Guida Cesare , Aiello Dario , Borghetti Paolo , Cappabianca Salvatore 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Recently, the PORT-C and LUNG-ART trials, which evaluated the role of postoperative radiation therapy (PORT), have significantly altered the treatment landscape for NSCLC pN2 patients who previously underwent surgery. In response, the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Oncology Thoracic Oncology study group has initiated an observational multicenter trial to assess both acute and late toxicities of PORT in pN2 NSCLC patients treated with modern techniques.

Methods
Data on NSCLC patients submitted to PORT after radical surgery treated between 2015 and 2020 in six Italian Centers were collected. Heart, lung, and esophageal acute and late toxicities have been retrospectively analyzed and related to radiation therapy dosimetric parameters. Furthermore, loco-regional control, distant metastasis and overall survival have been analyzed.

Results
A total of 212 patients with a median age of 68 years from six different centers were included in this analysis (142 males and 70 females). Prior to undergoing PORT, 96 patients (45.8%) had a history of heart disease, 110 patients (51.9%) had hypertension, and 51 patients (24%) had COPD.
Acute toxicity was observed in 147 patients (69.3%), with lung toxicity occurring in 93 patients (G1 in 70 patients, G2 in 17 patients, and G3 in 4 patients), esophageal toxicity in 114 patients (G1 in 89 patients, G2 in 23 patients, and G3 in 1 patient), and cardiac toxicity in 4 patients (G1 in 2 patients and G3 in 2 patients). Late side effects were found in 60 patients (28.3%), predominantly involving the lungs (51 patients: 32 G1, 11 G2, and 1 G3) and the esophagus (11 patients: 8 G1 and 3 G2), with no reported late cardiac side effects.
Various clinical and dosimetric parameters were found to correlate with both acute and chronic toxicities. Over a median follow-up period of 54 months, 48 patients (22.6%) showed locoregional disease relapse, 106 patients (50%) developed distant metastases, and 66 patients (31.1%) died.

Conclusions
RAC-TAC retrospective multicentric study showed the low toxicity of PORT when advanced technology is used. At the same time, it’s noteworthy to underline that 50% of the patients develop distant recurrences in the follow up.
Causes of Death After Bariatric Surgery: Long-Term Study of 10 Years
Authors: Rookes Nathaniel , AL-Asadi Oday , Yeluri Sashi , Vasas Peter , Samuel Nehemiah , Balchandra Srinivasan , Hussain Abdulzahra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
There is a lack of up-to-date research addressing the causes of death and predictors of long-term mortality after bariatric surgery.

Methods
This was a single-centre retrospective study. Trust records were used to identify deceased patients and their medical history. The demographic data, comorbidities, cause of death, and time since surgery were retrieved and tabulated. Data was recoded to allow for use in IBM SPSS.

Results
There were 39 deaths amongst 891 patients who underwent bariatric surgery between 15th June 2010 to 18th September 2022. The main cause of death was pneumonia and respiratory causes with 15.4% of the cohort. A history of asthma/COPD had an association with the cause of death (p = 0.021). A history of hypertension, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and smoking were all associated with a higher age at death, whilst a history of IHD was associated with a higher number of days from operation to death. Age at operation and number of comorbidities both correlated with age at death, and multiple linear regression of age at death with age at operation and number of comorbidities as predictors was significant (p < 0.001). A Cox regression found age at operation to have a significant effect on survival, with a hazard ratio of 1.063 (95% CI:1.027 to 1.100, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Pneumonia and respiratory causes are the largest causes of long-term mortality after bariatric surgery. The only factor found to have a detrimental effect on all-cause mortality was age at operation which reduced survival. Hypertension, IHD, and smoking are indirect factors that are associated with mortality.

Graphical Abstract
Diagnosing and management of thyroid nodules and goiter – current perspectives
Authors: Studen Katica Bajuk , Domagała Bartosz , Gaberšček Simona , Zaletel Katja , Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Alicja 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Due to the frequent diagnosis of benign thyroid nodules, it is necessary to deviate from the traditional paradigm based on frequent surgical treatment. This article highlights the evolution of diagnosis and treatment in recent years, beginning from standardization of ultrasound assessment of nodules and cytology results to minimally invasive techniques to reduce the size of symptomatic thyroid nodules. These achievements reduce the number of surgeries, enable more individualized care for patients with benign thyroid disease, reduce long-term complications, and promote cost-effectiveness within healthcare systems. Furthermore, although the use of minimally invasive techniques significantly decreases thyroid nodule volume, the thyroid nodule usually does not disappear and the challenges in this field are discussed (the efficacy of thermal ablation, a variable part of thyroid nodules that remains viable after thermal ablation, some of the nodules treated with thermal ablation may require a second treatment over time and the efficacy of thermal ablation in nodules with different phenotypes). However, although surgery still represents the “gold standard” for establishing the final histopathologic diagnosis, it is associated with lifelong thyroid hormone substitution need and serious complications in rare cases. Therefore, it should represent the ultima ratio only after a detailed diagnostic procedure. In the future, artificial intelligence-assisted programs for the evaluation and management of nodules are expected.
Unfolding IoT Adoption: A Status Quo Bias Perspective
Authors: Rimbeck Marlen , Stumpf-Wollersheim Jutta , Richter Alexander 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) solutions are still far from using their enormous potential, partly because misconceptions lead employees to avoid using IoT solutions and stick to established working routines. To shed light on the non-rational perspective of users, which allows for inference on the emergence of cognitive misconceptions, 489 respondents' perceptions of benefits and costs of IoT solutions were analyzed. Using the perspective of “status quo bias”, the qualitative analysis reveals that the perceptions of experienced and inexperienced users partly overlap on benefits such as the reduction of errors and relief of personnel. However, the perceptions also diverge in part, as inexperienced users consider IoT solutions to be gimmicky, fostering mistrust. In addition, inexperienced users overestimate learning phases for interacting with IoT solutions, leading to loss aversion and consequently to cognitive misperceptions. Hence, the study examines the gap between experienced and inexperienced users as a neglected aspect in IoT adoption. Further, identifying relevant drivers for the implementation of IoT solutions at the individual level helps to extend the hitherto technical view of IoT solutions towards a multi-layer approach that includes a holistic, behavioral perspective.