bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Kaldor–Hicks–Goodwin–Tobin–Kalecki model of growth and distribution
Authors: Palley Thomas I. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a Kaldorian model of growth that incorporates both Kaldor's theory of income distribution and his endogenous technical progress function. Growth is driven by demand‐side forces that induce supply‐side accommodation. The model incorporates Hicksian induced innovation; Goodwin Marxist style labor conflict that affects wage bill division between workers and managers; Tobin inflation effects; and Kalecki monopoly power effects. Unlike the neo‐Kaleckian model, a Kaldorian economy operates at normal capacity utilization. Monopoly power plays a role as a barrier to entry rather than determining the functional distribution of income.
Characteristics of progressive supranuclear palsy presenting with corticobasal syndrome: a cortical variant
Authors: Ling H. , de Silva R. , Massey L. A. , Courtney R. , Hondhamuni G. , Bajaj N. , Lowe J. , Holton J. L. , Lees A. , Revesz T. 
Published: February 2013

AimsSince the first description of the classical presentation of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) in 1963, now known as Richardson's syndrome (PSP‐RS), several distinct clinical syndromes have been associated with PSP‐tau pathology. Like other neurodegenerative disorders, the severity and distribution of phosphorylated tau pathology are closely associated with the clinical heterogeneity of PSP variants. PSP with corticobasal syndrome presentation (PSP‐CBS) was reported to have more tau load in the mid‐frontal and inferior‐parietal cortices than in PSP‐RS. However, it is uncertain if differences exist in the distribution of tau pathology in other brain regions or if the overall tau load is increased in the brains of PSP‐CBS.MethodsWe sought to compare the clinical and pathological features of PSP‐CBS and PSP‐RS including quantitative assessment of tau load in 15 cortical, basal ganglia and cerebellar regions.ResultsIn addition to the similar age of onset and disease duration, we demonstrated that the overall severity of tau pathology was the same between PSP‐CBS and PSP‐RS. We identified that there was a shift of tau burden towards the cortical regions away from the basal ganglia; supporting the notion that PSP‐CBS is a ‘cortical’ PSP variant. PSP‐CBS also had less severe neuronal loss in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral subregions of the substantia nigra and more severe microglial response in the corticospinal tract than in PSP‐RS; however, neuronal loss in subthalamic nucleus was equally severe in both groups.ConclusionsA better understanding of the factors that influence the selective pathological vulnerability in different PSP variants will provide further insights into the neurodegenerative process underlying tauopathies.
Perforating Foreign Body Reaction to Unheated Liquid Contents of Lava Lamp
Authors: Thom Graham A. , Cheah Kim C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA 21‐month‐old girl developed a local skin reaction after the unheated liquid contents of a broken lava lamp were in contact with her skin overnight. Several weeks later, small umbilicated erythematous papules containing central keratotic spines developed within the affected areas. Biopsy showed a granulomatous foreign body reaction with focal transepidermal elimination. Electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis of the tissue revealed carbon‐based material, consistent with substances reported to be present in lava lamp liquid.
Definite article usage across varieties of English
Authors: WAHID RIDWAN 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper seeks to explore the extent of definite article usage variation in several varieties of English based on a classification of its usage types. An annotation scheme based on Hawkins and Prince was developed for this purpose. Using matching corpus data representing Inner Circle varieties and Outer Circle varieties, analysis was made on approximately 14,000 tokens ofthein private dialogue, academic writing and reportage. It was found that the different percentages of usage types in the three registers across the varieties were statistically significant. However there was no clear trend that could be observed in either group. The trends of the varieties, collectively or individually, were so unpredictable that in the end there was no evidence of an overall trend. Register, consistent with Biber et al.'s claim, was instead found to be a better predictor of the usage types ofthein the varieties. The classification of the varieties as either Inner or Outer Circle was therefore shown to be less influential in the quantitative variation of the morpheme than previously thought. Nevertheless, a subsequent qualitative analysis showed that the structural and situational categories in the Outer Circle did contain a number of marked usages ofthe, presenting themselves as the clearest cases of variation in the data.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Variant Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strain Isolated in Central China
Authors: Wang Xiao-Meng , Niu Bei-Bei , Yan He , Gao Dong-Sheng , Huo Jin-Yao , Chen Lu , Chang Hong-Tao , Wang Chuan-qing , Zhao Jun 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
We report here the complete genome sequence of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain CH/ZMDZY/11 isolated from central China. Our data, together with sequence data of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) isolates from other parts in China, will help to understand better the epidemiology and genetic diversity of PEDV field isolates in China.
G-Protein–Coupled Receptor Kinase Interacting Protein-1 Mediates Intima Formation by Regulating Vascular Smooth Muscle Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Migration
Authors: Pang Jinjiang , Xu Xiangbin , Wang Xiaoqun , Majumder Syamantak , Wang Jing , Korshunov Vyacheslav A. , Berk Bradford C. 
Published: February 2013

Objective—
The G-protein–coupled receptor kinase interacting protein-1 (GIT1) is a scaffold protein that is important for phospholipase Cγ and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling induced by angiotensin II and epidermal growth factor. Because GIT1 regulates signaling by several vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth factors, we hypothesized that intima formation would be inhibited by GIT1 depletion.

Approach and Results—
Complete carotid ligation was performed on GIT1 wild-type and knockout (KO) mice. We compared changes between GIT1 wild-type and KO mice in carotid vascular remodeling, VSMC proliferation, and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Our data demonstrated that GIT1 deficiency significantly decreased intima formation after carotid ligation as a result of both reduced VSMC proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. To confirm the effects of GIT1 in vitro, we performed proliferation and apoptosis assays in VSMC. In mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (MASM), we found that the growth rate and [3H]-thymidine incorporation of the GIT1 KO MASM were significantly decreased compared with the wild-type MASM. Cyclin D1, which is a key cell cycle regulator, was significantly decreased in GIT1 KO cells. Serum deprivation of GIT1 KO MASM increased apoptosis 3-fold compared with wild-type MASM. Treatment of rat aortic smooth muscle cells with GIT1 small interfering RNA impaired cell migration. Both phospholipase Cγ and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling were required for GIT1-dependent VSMC proliferation and migration, whereas only phospholipase Cγ was involved in GIT1-mediated VSMC apoptosis.

Conclusions—
GIT1 is a novel mediator of vascular remodeling by regulating VSMC proliferation, migration, and apoptosis through phospholipase Cγ and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathways.
Endothelial Outgrowth Cells Shift Macrophage Phenotype and Improve Kidney Viability in Swine Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: Eirin Alfonso , Zhu Xiang-Yang , Li Zilun , Ebrahimi Behzad , Zhang Xin , Tang Hui , Korsmo Michael J. , Chade Alejandro R. , Grande Joseph P. , Ward Christopher J. , Simari Robert D. , Lerman Amir , Textor Stephen C. , Lerman Lilach O. 
Published: February 2013

Objective—
Endothelial outgrowth cells (EOC) decrease inflammation and improve endothelial repair. Inflammation aggravates kidney injury in renal artery stenosis (RAS), and may account for its persistence upon revascularization. We hypothesized that EOC would decrease inflammatory (M1) macrophages and improve renal recovery in RAS.

Approach and Results—

Pigs with 10 weeks of RAS were studied 4 weeks after percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA+stenting) or sham, with or without adjunct intrarenal delivery of autologous EOC (10×10
6
), and compared with similarly treated normal controls (n=7 each). Single-kidney function, microvascular and tissue remodeling, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis were evaluated. Four weeks after PTRA, EOC were engrafted in injected RAS-kidneys. Stenotic-kidney glomerular filtration rate was restored in RAS+EOC, RAS+PTRA, and RAS+PTRA+EOC pigs, whereas stenotic-kidney blood flow and angiogenesis were improved and fibrosis attenuated only in EOC-treated pigs. Furthermore, EOC increased cell proliferation and decreased the ratio of M1 (inflammatory)/M2 (reparative) macrophages, as well as circulating levels and stenotic-kidney release of inflammatory cytokines. Cultured-EOC released microvesicles in vitro and induced phenotypic switch (M1-to-M2) in cultured monocytes, which was inhibited by vascular endothelial growth factor blockade. Finally, a single intrarenal injection of rh-vascular endothelial growth factor (0.05 μg/kg) in 7 additional RAS pigs also restored M1/M2 ratio 4 weeks later.

Conclusions—
Intrarenal infusion of EOC after PTRA induced a vascular endothelial growth factor–mediated attenuation in macrophages inflammatory phenotype, preserved microvascular architecture and function, and decreased inflammation and fibrosis in the stenotic kidney, suggesting a novel mechanism and therapeutic potential for adjunctive EOC delivery in experimental RAS to improve PTRA outcomes.
A Comparative Stability Analysis of Atlantic and Pacific Niño Modes*
Authors: Lübbecke Joke F. , McPhaden Michael J. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific and the analogous Atlantic Niño mode are generated by processes involving coupled ocean–atmosphere interactions known as the Bjerknes feedback. It has been argued that the Atlantic Niño mode is more strongly damped than ENSO, which is presumed to be closer to neutrally stable. In this study the stability of ENSO and the Atlantic Niño mode is compared via an analysis of the Bjerknes stability index. This index is based on recharge oscillator theory and can be interpreted as the growth rate for coupled modes of ocean–atmosphere variability. Using observational data, an ocean reanalysis product, and output from an ocean general circulation model, the individual terms of the Bjerknes index are calculated for the first time for the Atlantic and then compared to results for the Pacific. Positive thermocline feedbacks in response to wind stress forcing favor anomaly growth in both basins, but they are twice as large in the Pacific compared to the Atlantic. Thermocline feedback is related to the fetch of the zonal winds, which is much greater in the equatorial Pacific than in the equatorial Atlantic due to larger basin size. Negative feedbacks are dominated by thermal damping of sea surface temperature anomalies in both basins. Overall, it is found that both ENSO and the Atlantic Niño mode are damped oscillators, but the Atlantic is more strongly damped than the Pacific primarily because of the weaker thermocline feedback.
Sensitivity of Hydrological Simulations of Southeastern United States Watersheds to Temporal Aggregation of Rainfall
Authors: Bastola Satish , Misra Vasubandhu 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This study investigates the sensitivity of the performance of hydrological models to certain temporal variations of precipitation over the southeastern United States (SEUS). Because of observational uncertainty in the estimates of rainfall variability at subdaily scales, the analysis is conducted with two independent rainfall datasets that resolve the diurnal variations. In addition, three hydrological models are used to account for model uncertainty. Results show that the temporal aggregation of subdaily rainfall can translate into a markedly higher volume error in flow simulated by the hydrological models. For the selected watersheds in the SEUS, the volume error is found to be high (~35%) for a 30-day aggregation in some of the selected watersheds. Hydrological models tend to underestimate flow in these watersheds with a decrease in temporal variability in precipitation. Furthermore, diminishing diurnal amplitude by removing subdaily rainfall corresponding to times of climatological daily maximum and minimum has a detrimental effect on the hydrological simulation. This theoretical experiment resulted in the underestimation of flow, with a disproportionate volume error (of as high as 77% in some watersheds). Observations indicate that over the SEUS variations of diurnal variability of rainfall explain a significant fraction of the seasonal variance throughout the year, with especially strong fractional variance explained in the boreal summer season. The results suggest that, should diurnal variations of precipitation get modulated either from anthropogenic or natural causes in the SEUS, there will be a significant impact on the streamflow in the watersheds. These conclusions are quite robust since both observational and model uncertainties have been considered in the analysis.
Geographic and urban–rural disparities in the total prevalence of neural tube defects and their subtypes during 2006–2008 in China: a study using the hospital-based birth defects surveillance system
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Zhu Jun , Wang Yanping , Mu Dezhi , Dai Li , Zhou Guangxuan , Li Qi , Wang He , Li Mingrong , Liang Juan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrevious reports on the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in China did not include cases of NTDs that were less than 28 weeks of gestational age (GA) and hence did not accurately reflect the total prevalence of NTDs or the geographic and urban–rural disparities in their prevalence. This article includes cases of NTDs that were less than 28 weeks of GA.MethodsData used in this study were collected from 2006 to 2008 using a nationwide hospital-based registry, the Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network. The total prevalence ratio (PR) of NTDs and their subtypes, the ratios of PR (PRR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to analyse geographic disparities at both the regional (north, south) and provincial levels and to analyse disparities between rural and urban areas.ResultsOverall, the total PR of NTDs was 14.0 per 10,000 births. The PRR of NTDs of rural women between the north and south region was 2.26 (95% CI: 2.04-2.52), which was much higher than that of urban women (PRR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.41-1.72). The three subtypes of NTDs had different geographic distribution at the level of province. The urban–rural PRR of NTDs was 2.14 (95% CI: 1.94-2.34) in the north but only 1.47 (95% CI: 1.31-1.66) in the south.ConclusionsThere is a high total prevalence of NTDs, which remains one of the major public health concerns in China. Eliminating the geographic and urban–rural disparities in the disease burden is a priority for future intervention.
Three-point boundary value problems of fractional functional differential equations with delay
Authors: Li Yanan , Sun Shurong , Yang Dianwu , Han Zhenlai 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In this paper, we study three-point boundary value problems of the following fractional functional differential equations involving the Caputo fractional derivative:
"Equation missing"
where

D

α

C

,

D

β

C

denote Caputo fractional derivatives,

2
<
α
<
3

,

0
<
β
<
1

,

η
∈
(
0
,
1
)

,

1
<
λ
<

1

2
η

. We use the Green function to reformulate boundary value problems into an abstract operator equation. By means of the Schauder fixed point theorem and the Banach contraction principle, some existence results of solutions are obtained, respectively. As an application, some examples are presented to illustrate the main results.

MSC:34A08, 34K37.
Insect herbivores can choose microclimates to achieve nutritional homeostasis
Authors: Clissold Fiona J. , Coggan Nicole , Simpson Stephen J. 
Published: February 2013

Summary
The interaction between temperature and diet quality can affect the life-history of ectotherms. The rate and ratio at which protein and carbohydrate are obtained from food are an important aspect of diet quality, and insects have a well-developed capacity to adjust their feeding behaviour and postingestive physiology to regulate intake and allocation of these nutrients. If the supply of protein and carbohydrate varies with temperature (e.g. via effects on intake, digestion or metabolism), then herbivorous insects can use thermoregulatory behaviour to help achieve nutritional homeostasis. When fed the host grass Triticum aestivum, Locusta migratoria nymphs absorbed and allocated protein and carbohydrate to growth with the same efficiency at 38°C as at 32°C, however, at the higher temperature, they ingested more food. In contrast, when feeding on Themeda triandra, the nymphs absorbed carbohydrate with higher efficiency at 32°C and protein at 38°C. Using synthetic diets, we induced either a protein or a carbohydrate deficiency in experimental insects and showed that locusts placed in a thermal gradient following a meal of T. triandra selected 32°C when deprived of carbohydrate, and 38°C when protein-deficient. This capacity to use thermoregulatory behaviour to redress an imposed nutritional imbalance improved with experience of feeding on T. triandra. As predicted, locusts fed T. aestivum always chose higher temperatures, irrespective of nutritional state. Our results have consequences for understanding host plant choice by herbivores and interpreting the effects of changed environmental temperatures and microclimate on animal-plant interactions.
Is cold acclimation of benefit to hibernating rodents?
Authors: Egginton Stuart , May Shaun , Deveci Durmus , Hauton David 
Published: February 2013

Summary
The thermal challenge associated with cold acclimation (CA) and hibernation requires effective cardio-respiratory function over a large range of temperatures. We examined the impact of acute cooling in a cold-naive hibernator to quantify the presumed improvement in cardio-respiratory dysfunction triggered by CA, and estimate the role of the autonomic nervous system in optimising cardiac and respiratory function. Golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were held at a 12h:12h light/dark (L:D) photoperiod and room temperature (21°C euthermic control) or exposed to simulated onset of winter in an environmental chamber, by progression to 1h:23h L:D and 4°C over 4weeks. In vivo acute cooling (core temperature Tb=25°C) in euthermic controls led to a hypotension (P&lt;0.05), bradycardia (P&lt;0.05) but preserved cardiac output (NS). CA induced a hypertension at normothermia (Tb=37°C) but on cooling led to decreases in diastolic pressure below euthermic controls (P&lt;0.05) and a decrease in cardiac output (P&lt;0.05), despite an increase in left ventricular conductance (P&lt;0.05). Power Spectral Analysis of heart rate variability suggested a decline in vagal tone on cooling euthermic hamsters (P&lt;0.05 at Tb=25°C). Following CA, vagal tone was increased at Tb=37°C (P&lt;0.05), but declined more quickly on cooling (Tb=25°C) to preserve vagal tone at levels similar to euthermic controls at Tb=37°C. For the isolated heart, CA led to concentric hypertrophy (P&lt;0.05) with decreased end-diastolic volume (P&lt;0.05) but with no change in intrinsic heart rate at either T=37°C or T=25°C (NS). Mechanical impairment was noted at T=37°C following CA, with peak developed pressure decreased by 50% (P&lt;0.05) and peak rate-pressure product decreased by 65% (P&lt;0.05); this difference was preserved at T=25°C. For euthermic hearts, coronary flow showed thermal sensitivity, decreasing 65% on cooling (T=25°C; P&lt;0.05). By contrast, CA hearts had low coronary flow (P&lt;0.05 compared to euthermic control) but with a loss of thermal sensitivity (NS). Together, these observations suggest that CA induced a functional impairment in the myocardium that limits performance of the cardiovascular system at euthermia, despite increased autonomic input to preserve cardiac function. On acute cooling this autonomic control was lost and cardiac performance declined further than for cold-naive hamsters, suggesting CA may compromise elements of cardiovascular function to facilitate preservation of those more critical for subsequent rewarming.
A cute and highly contrast-sensitive superposition eye - the diurnal owlfly Libelloides macaronius
Authors: Belušič Gregor , Pirih Primož , Stavenga Doekele G. 
Published: February 2013

Summary
The owlfly Libelloides macaronius (Insecta: Neuroptera) has large bipartite eyes of the superposition type. The spatial resolution and sensitivity of the photoreceptor array in the dorsofrontal eye part was studied with optical and electrophysiological methods. Using structured illumination microscopy, the interommatidial angle in the central part of the dorsofrontal eye was determined to be Δφ = 1.1°. Eye shine measurements with an epi-illumination microscope yielded an effective superposition pupil size of about 300 facets. Intracellular recordings confirmed that all photoreceptors were UV-receptors (λmax = 350 nm). The average photoreceptor acceptance angle was 1.8°, with a minimum of 1.4°. The receptor dynamic range was two log units, and the Hill coefficient of the intensity-response function was n = 1.2. The signal-to-noise ratio of the receptor potential was remarkably high and constant across the whole dynamic range (RMS noise = 0.5% Vmax). Quantum bumps could not be observed at any light intensity, indicating low voltage gain. Presumably, the combination of large aperture superposition optics feeding an achromatic array of relatively insensitive receptors with a steep intensity-response function creates a low-noise, high-spatial-acuity instrument. The sensitivity shift to the UV range reduces the contrasts within the sky image. These properties of the visual system are optimal for detecting small insect prey as contrasting spots against both clear and cloudy skies.
Erweiterung des V-Modells® für den Entwurf von verteilten Automatisierungssystemen
Authors: Frank Timo , Eckert Karin , Hadlich Thomas , Fay Alexander , Diedrich Christian , Vogel-Heuser Birgit 
Published: February 2013

Zusammenfassung
Die zunehmende Automatisierung und die daraus resultierende Komplexität haben zur Folge, dass es unabdingbar ist, verteilte Steuerungsarchitekturen aufzubauen. Die Komplexität verteilter Steuerungsarchitekturen verlangt nach Methoden, die den Entwurf solcher Systeme erleichtern. Das Ziel des hier vorgestellten Ansatzes ist eine gezielte Unterstützung des Entwicklers durch eine Kombination von Beschreibungsmittel, Merkmalen und Entwurfsmustern über mehrere Ebenen eines angepassten Vorgehensmodells hinweg.