bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiments On Additive Desulphurisation By Sodium Bicarbonate In Coal-Fuel Boilers
Authors: Kolat Pavel , Čech Bohumír , Vrtek Mojmír , Tomášek David 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This paper describes experiments on the application of sodium bicarbonate desulphurisation in the coal-fuel boiler. The boiler has been in operation for several years now and it has refiably fulfilled the original assignment to reduce SO2 emissions from the value of 1200 - 1500 mg/Nm3 to 400 mg/Nm3. Higher desulphurisation efficiency is determined only by the ratio of Na/S sorbent dosage. The resulting product of desulphurisation is stored together with fly ash in underground mines, and has no influence on the groundwater. Positive experience of the tests and boiler operation lies in higher reactivity of sodium and sulphur as compared with conventional methods based on limestone. Within the scope of the secondary measures of elimination of sulphur oxides in combustion products, an experimental dry-method desulphurisation of combustion products was performed by blasting an agent containing sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 (99.6 %) into the flue ways before the electrostatic precipitator in a coal-fuel furnace with the steam output of 220 t/h.
Optimisation of Operating Conditions in Fed-Batch Baker’s Yeast Fermentation
Authors: Atasoy Ilknur , Yuceer Mehmet , Berber Ridvan 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Saccharamyces cerevisia known as baker’s yeast is a product used in various food industries. Worldwide economic competition makes it a necessity that industrial processes be operated in optimum conditions, thus maximisation of biomass in production of saccharamyces cerevisia in fedbatch reactors has gained importance. The facts that the dynamic fermentation model must be considered as a constraint in the optimisation problem, and dynamics involved are complicated, make optimisation of fed-batch processes more difficult. In this work, the amount of biomass in the production of baker’s yeast in fed-batch fermenters was intended to be maximised while minimising unwanted alcohol formation, by regulating substrate and air feed rates. This multiobjective problem has been tackled earlier only from the point of view of finding optimum substrate rate, but no account of air feed rate profiles has been provided. Control vector parameterisation approach was applied the original dynamic optimisation problem which was converted into a NLP problem. Then SQP was used for solving the dynamic optimisation problem. The results demonstrate that optimum substrate and air feeding profiles can be obtained by the proposed optimisation algorithm to achieve the two conflicting goals of maximising biomass and minimising alcohol formation.
Ligand-Binding Activity and Immunoreactivity of Insulin-Like growth Factor Binding Proteins in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma And Postoperative Sepsis
Authors: Nedić Olgica , Malenković Vesna , Đukancvić Blagoje , Baričević Ivona 
Published: April 2013

Summary
Background: Postoperative sepsis alters the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis leading to reduction in IGF-I and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) 3 and elevation of GH-independent IGFBPs. The aim of this work was to investigate the differences in ligand binding and immunoreactivity of the circulating IGFBPs between surviving and nonsurviving septic patients that underwent colorectal surgery.
Methods: Ligand binding was detected only for IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-2 and, consecutively, immunoreactivity was assayed for these IGFBPs.
Results: In survivors both ligand- and immunoblotting re - vea led two IGFBP-3 isoforms (40 and 45 kDa). In non-survivors ligand-blotting hardly detected the IGFBP-3 doublet, intact immunoreactive IGFBP-3 was not detected and the major species was the 29 kDa fragment. Immunoblotting with an anti-IGFBP-2 antibody indicated an increase in the amount of intact and fragmented IGFBP-2 along the progression of illness in the non-survivors. The amount of intact IGFBP-2 in the survivors did not differ during the treatment. The amount of immunoreactive IGFBP-2 corresponded to its ligand-binding activity.
Conclusions: According to the results reported here, ligandreactivity and immunoreactivity of IGFBP-3 should be taken into account as variables that affect the GH/IGF axis in critically ill patients. The degree of their variation is not directly correlated to the total amount of IGFBP-3 determined by the immunoassay, but they may be related to patients’ meta bolic potential to combat a disease.
Use of Trichoderma Hamatum for Biocontrol of Lentil Vascular Wilt Disease: Efficacy, Mechanisms of Interaction And Future Prospects
Authors: El-Hassan Saïd A. , Gowen Simon R. , Pembroke Barbara 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Trichoderma hamatum (Bonord.) Bainier was evaluated for its antagonistic potential against Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. emend. Snyder and Hansen sp. lentis, the causal agent of vascular wilt disease of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus). Hyphal interactions on Petri plates resulted in an increase in the number of conidial spores and an increase in the vegetative growth of T. hamatum, and a decrease in the hyphal formation and sporulation of F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis. Electron and light microscopical observations suggested that hyphae of T. hamatum established aggressive contact and attachment with the hyphae of the pathogen. Growing in parallel, coiled densely and tightly, T. hamatum may penetrate those of the pathogen hyphae causing collapse due to the loss of turgor pressure. The cellulolytic enzymes produced by T. hamatum presented sufficient characteristics for its antifungal activity in the hyphae hydrolysis and competition process. In growth room and glasshouse experiments, the addition of the conidial suspension of T. hamatum or its culture filtrate to soil, significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced development and spore germination of F. oxysporum. In the rhizosphere, T. hamatum occupied the same ecological niches (rhizosphere, roots, and stems) parasitizing F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis. Treatments using T. hamatum delayed the time of infection by F. oxysporum, promoted the growth, and increased the dry weight of a susceptible variety of lentil (cv. Precoz). The percent of mortality was reduced to 33 and 40% when using T. hamatum and its filtrate, respectively, compared to 93% in the control treatment during the 65 days of growing in loam/sand (2:1 vol/vol) under glasshouse conditions. Plant colonization results indicate that T. hamatum and its filtrate significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced development of the pathogen in the vascular tissue of lentil to < 30 and < 40% stem colonization, respectively, compared to 100% in the plant pathogen control. Our results suggest that potential biocontrol mechanisms of T. hamatum towards F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis were antibiosis by production of antifungal enzymes, complex mechanisms of mycoparasitism, competition for key nutrients and/or ecological niches, growth promotion, and a combination of these effects. This study results hold important suggestions for further development of effective strategies of the biological control of Fusarium vascular wilt of lentil.
Residual Toxicity of Some Pesticides on the Larval Ectoparasitoid, Habrobracon Hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Mahdavi Vahid 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Habrobracon hebetor Say is an idiobiont and gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of many moths. In this study, the effects of field recommended concentrations (FRC) of seven biorational and conventional pesticides in cotton fields (imidacloprid, thiacloprid, deltamethrin, thiodicarb, carbaryl, abamectin and spinosad) were studied on the larval ectoparasitoid, H. hebetor. Exposure cages were used for the bioassay experiments. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory at 26±1°C, 60±5% relative humidity (RH) and with a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D). Experiments were done in three replications. The results showed that all pesticide treatments had significant differences compared to the control treatment. The results also showed that synthetic and biorational pesticides had lower toxicity than conventional pesticides. We demonstrated that imidacloprid and thiacloprid had lower adverse effects on the parasitoid and could be used as compatible chemical materials with the parasitoid in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs.
Seasonal Incidence of Mite and Infuence of Pesticidal Application on Orchid Flower Production
Authors: Meena Narottam Kumar , Pal Ram , Pant Rajendra Prasad , Medhi Rajendra Prasad 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Investigations were carried out in 2010 to determine the influence of abiotic factors on the incidence of the two spotted spider mite; Tetranychus urticae Koch and to determine the influence of pesticides on orchid flower production. Initially, in January, the mite population was very low (1.0 mite/10 cm2 leaf area). The population gradually increased and peaked to 22.98 mites/10 cm2 leaf area in the first fortnight of May along with the rise in temperature and sunshine. Then, the population declined to a low level of 3.43 mites/10 cm2 leaf area in the first fortnight of December. Maximum and minimum temperatures had a significant positive correlation and sunshine had a non-significant positive correlation, whereas relative humidity and rainfall had a non-significant negative correlation with the mite population. Infestation of the two spotted spider mite was more severe in untreated conditions in comparison to the treated ones. The difference was due to various abiotic factors and natural pest infestation occurrence which drastically affected the flower quality and yield. In unprotected conditions, the number of flower spikes/plant (1.90±0.44 spikes), number of flowers/spike (7.35±1.04 flowers), spike length (42.59±5.69 cm), flower spike diameter (5.26±0.66 mm), and flower size (6.27±0.86 cm) was very low. In protected conditions, flower quality and yield were superior than in unprotected conditions i.e. number of flower spike/plant (2.92±0.57 spikes), number of flowers/spike (11.78±1.16 flowers), spike length (57.59±7.35 cm), diameter of flower spikes (9.09±1.01 mm), and flower size (6.73±1.16 cm).
Simulation of Elastic Gears with Non-Standard Flank Profiles
Authors: Phu Do Trong , Ziegler Pascal , Eberhard Peter 
Published: April 2013

There exist cases where precise simulations of contact forces do not allow modeling the gears as rigid bodies but a fully elastic description is needed. In this paper, a modally reduced elastic multibody system including gear contact based on a floating frame of reference formulation is proposed that allows very precise simulations of fully elastic gears with appropriately meshed gears in reasonable time even for many rotations. One advantage of this approach is that there is no assumption about the geometry of the gears and, therefore, it allows precise investigations of contacts between gears with almost arbitrary non-standard tooth geometries including flank profile corrections.
This study presents simulation results that show how this modal approach can be used to efficiently investigate the interaction between elastic deformations and flank profile corrections as well as their influence on the contact forces. It is shown that the elastic approach is able to describe important phenomena like early addendum contact for insufficiently corrected profiles in dependence of the transmitted load. Furthermore, it is shown how this approach can be used for precise and efficient simulations of beveloid gears.
Structural analisys of concrete pre-stressed reservoirs for sludge fermentation – water waste treatment plant bucharest – glina. numerical fem assessment of the structural response for static in-duty loads
Authors: Bugnariu Tudor 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The paper refers to a structural finite element analysis on the reservoirs for sludge
fermentation subjected to static in-duty loads, at Glina Water Waste Treatment Plant. The purpose
was to assess the stress and deformation states in subsequent erection and service conditions, to
verify the design provisions and to emphasize the sensitivities, for a structure which was designed
in the ‘80s based on analytical procedures. The results obtained on the numerical models highlight
the importance of the soil-structure interaction, in peculiar the one influenced by the soil mass
deformability, on the overall structural response. Based on the calculated stresses, all structural
components were verified according to the actual design codes at the ultimate limit state and the
service limit state (water tightness/crack emergence).
Biometrological Method of Pelvis Measurement and Anatomical Positioning of Endoprosthesis of Hip Joint
Authors: Ryniewicz Andrzej , Ryniewicz Anna Maria , Madej Tomasz , Sładek Jerzy , Gąska Adam 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This elaboration presents the method of virtual positioning of the construction of an endoprosthesis of hip joint in a patient’s pelvis and femoral bone, reconstructed on the basis of imaging obtained from computer tomography. It is based on the matching of an implant to individual anatomical-biomechanical conditions. The method is established on the following procedures: diagnostic, spatial modeling, virtual measuring and targeted biometrological application for the model of bone structures. The final effect of the completed procedures is selection and optimal positioning of the endoprosthesis of hip joint before a planned medical intervention. The determined geometrical parameters of bone structures and settled positioning of the endoprosthesis can create data for the system of computer navigation.
Smes’ Performance Evaluation and Optimization Based on DEA and CFI
Authors: Shi Zhao , Takala Josu , Muhos Matti , Poikkimaki Jyrki , Chen Yang 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
It is a core content of enterprise performance research evaluating and comparing enterprise performance in dynamic environment. In allusion to this problem, a variety of enterprise performance assessment methods and indexes systems are proposed. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a kind of effective mathematical model which is used for comparing the performance among enterprises or different units inside an enterprise, based on the real-world data. Through comparing the performance, DEA can evaluate the enterprise performance from scale effectiveness and technological effectiveness, and then get the performance optimization goals. Critical Factor Index (CFI) is a new enterprise performance assessment method proposed in recent years. This method, based on the performance perception of business leaders or staffs, evaluates the enterprise performance in different dimensions, and then gets the optimization strategy of enterprise resource allocation to improve integrated enterprise performance. This paper has structured a new evaluation and optimization system for performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which combine properly the DEA and CFI method to evaluate and optimize the SMEs’ performance comprehensively, and has confirm this system with data of 5 Finnish SMEs.
Application of multi-dimensional grouping to building steel stiffened shell structures
Authors: Iwańkowicz Remigiusz 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In this paper the present state of grouping technology theory is discussed. Attention is paid to lack of publications on grouping methods based on linear operators instead of classical incidence matrices. A computation algorithm for generating three-dimensional groups has been proposed. Every group contains joined structures, working cells and final (output) structures. Operation of the algorithm has been compared with results gained from literature sources dealing with binary grouping. And, calculations based on real assembly sequencing of a set of ship hull sections, have been performed.
Source-Side Discontinuous Phrases for Machine Translation: A Comparative Study on Phrase Extraction and Search
Authors: Huck Matthias , Scharwächter Erik , Ney Hermann 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Standard phrase-based statistical machine translation systems generate translations based on an inventory of continuous bilingual phrases. In this work, we extend a phrase-based decoder with the ability to make use of phrases that are discontinuous in the source part. Our dynamic programming beam search algorithm supports separate pruning of coverage hypotheses per cardinality and of lexical hypotheses per coverage, as well as coverage constraints that impose restrictions on the possible reorderings. In addition to investigating these aspects, which are related to the decoding procedure, we also concentrate our attention on the question of how to obtain source-side discontinuous phrases from parallel training data. Two approaches (hierarchical and discontinuous extraction) are presented and compared. On a large-scale Chinese!English translation task, we conduct a thorough empirical evaluation in order to study a number of system configurations with source-side discontinuous phrases, and to compare them to setups which employ continuous phrases only.
Utilisation Des Ressources Externes Pour la Reformulation des Requêtes Dans un Système de Recherche D’Information
Authors: Abderrahim Mohammed El Amine 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Dans un Système de Recherche d’Information (SRI), les démarches pour la reformulation de la requête sont nombreuses. Elles peuvent être classées selon les ressources utilisées en trois grandes approches : l’utilisation des ressources externes, l’analyse globale et l’analyse locale. Dans ce contexte et dans le cadre des SRI pour les textes Arabes, nous nous intéressons à l’évaluation des performances de la première approche. A cet effet deux ressources différentes ont été utilisées à savoir : WordNet Arabe et le Dictionnaire (thésaurus) des Sens Arabe. Les expérimentations réalisées sur un corpus de texte Arabe nous ont permis de mesurer l’apport de cette approche de reformulation de requête dans un SRI arabe.
Requirements for two-source entanglement
concentration
Authors: Vidrighin Mihai , Bartley Tim J. , Donati Gaia , Jin Xian-Min , Barbieri Marco , Kolthammer W. Steven , Datta Animesh , Walmsley Ian A. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Entanglement enhancement is a key task for quantum technologies.
This operation performed on states produced by
parametric down-conversion sources has been the object of
several recent experimental investigations. In particular, conditional
preparation by photon-subtraction has been shown to
improve the entanglement of these states. Here we analyse
the role played by non-Gaussian and Gaussian measurements
in more general entanglement concentration operations
performed on a pair of two-mode squeezed vacua.
We find stringent requirements for achieving an improved entanglement
enhancement by measuring jointly these two resource
states.
Dosimetric evaluation of an ipsilateral intensity modulated radiotherapy beam arrangement for parotid malignancies
Authors: Yirmibesoglu Eda , Fried David V. , Kostich Mark , Rosenman Julian , Shockley William , Weissler Mark , Zanation Adam , Chera Bhishamjit 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Background. We conducted a dosimetric comparison of an ipsilateral beam arrangement for intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with off-axis beams.
Patients and methods. Six patients who received post-operative radiotherapy (RT) for parotid malignancies were used in this dosimetric study. Four treatment plans were created for each CT data set (24 plans): 1) ipsilateral 4-field off-axis IMRT (4fld-OA), 2) conventional wedge pair (WP), 3) 7 field co-planar IMRT (7fld), and 4) ipsilateral co-planar 4-field quartet IMRT (4fld-CP). Dose, volume statistics for the planning target volumes (PTVs) and planning risk volumes (PRVs) were compared for the four treatment techniques.
Results. Wedge pair plans inadequately covered the deep aspect of the PTV. The 7-field IMRT plans delivered the largest low dose volumes to normal tissues. Mean dose to the contralateral parotid was highest for 7 field IMRT. Mean dose to the contralateral submandibular gland was highest for 7 field IMRT and WP. 7 field IMRT plans had the highest dose to the oral cavity. The mean doses to the brainstem, spinal cord, ipsilateral temporal lobe, cerrebellum and ipsilateral cochlea were similar among the four techniques.
Conclusions. For postoperative treatment of the parotid bed, 4-field ipsilateral IMRT techniques provided excellent coverage while maximally sparing the contralateral parotid gland and submandibular gland.
Stability Analysis of the Impoundment of Ash
Authors: Slávik Ivan 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
An impoundment is an engineering construction used for the safe deposition of unexploitable waste from industrial and mining facilities. In terms of the legislative requirements of the Slovak Republic, a “Measurements Project” must be developed for each impoundment. In this document the prerequisites for the safe operation of an impoundment, the limit and critical values of the monitored phenomena and the facts influencing the safety of the impoundment and the area endangered by such a site are also defined. The safety and stability of an impoundment are verified according to a ”Measurements Project” by considering stability at regular time intervals. This contribution presents, in the form of a parametric study, a stability analysis of an ash impoundment. The stability analysis provides an example of the utilization of an information database of the results of the regular monitoring of the geotechnical properties of the materials forming the impoundment´s body and the surrounding rock mass. The stability of the impoundment is expressed for a recent state - without a continuous water level in its body and, at the same time, for a hypothetical limit and critical water level according to the valid “Handling Regulations“.
Pathophysiological importance of nitric oxide in coronary heart disease / Patofiziološki značaj azot-monoksida u koronarnoj bolesti srca
Authors: Đorđević Vidosava B. , Stojanović Ivana , Kundalić Slavica , Ristić Tatjana , Pavlović Radmila , Ćosić Vladan , Cvetković Tatjana 
Published: April 2013

Summary
Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by many cells in the body; however, its production by vascular endothelium is particularly important in the regulation of blood flow. Vascular actions of NO include the following: direct vasodilation, indirect vasodilation by inhibiting the vasoconstrictor influences, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. Due to its importance in vascular function, abnormal production of NO, occurring in different diseases can adversely affect blood flow and other vascular functions. It has been suggested that alterations in NO generation are a critical cause of injury in the ischemic heart. A biologic link between the endothelial damage and atherosclerotic coronary arterial disease has been presumably related to de - creased arterial bioavailability of NO through the increased leucocyte and platelet adhesions, vasoconstriction and smooth muscle cell proliferation. However, the precise me - chanism of the impaired NO generation is not known, and there is a considerable controversy regarding whether myo - cardial ischemia results in increased or decreased NO for - mation. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a natural, com petitive inhibitor, and one of the primary factors controlling the nitric oxide production. ADMA was found to be elevated and closely correlated with the impaired vasodilator function in conditions associated with the endothelial dysfunction, such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, and renal failure. But ADMA also seems to be involved in myocardial ischemia, since its plasma levels predict future coronary events in patients with the elevated cardiovascular risk. It has been recently reported that the elevated plasma ADMA concentrations in the acute coronary events are an independent cardiovascular risk factor.