bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations among healthcare costs and deficit accumulation
Authors: Espeland Mark A. , Harada Ann S. M. , Ross Johnathan , Bancks Michael P. , Pajewski Nicholas M. , Simpson Felicia R. , Walkup Michael , Davis Ian , Huckfeldt Peter J. ,   for the Action for Health in Diabetes Aging Study Group
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight/obesity increase healthcare costs. Both are also associated with accelerated aging. However, the contributions of this accelerated aging to increased healthcare costs are unknown.MethodsWe use data from a 8‐year longitudinal cohort followed at 16 U.S. clinical research sites. Participants were adults aged 45–76 years with established type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity who had enrolled in the Action for Health in Diabetes clinical trial. They were randomly (1:1) assigned to either an intensive lifestyle intervention focused on weight loss versus a comparator of diabetes support and education. A validated deficit accumulation frailty index (FI) was used to characterize biological aging. Discounted annual healthcare costs were estimated using national databases in 2012 dollars. Descriptive characteristics were collected by trained and certified staff.ResultsCompared with participants in the lowest tertile (least frail) of baseline FI, those in the highest tertile (most frail) at Year 1 averaged $714 (42%) higher medication costs, $244 (22%) higher outpatient costs, and $800 (134%) higher hospitalization costs (p < 0.001). At Years 4 and 8, relatively greater increases in FI (third vs. first tertile) were associated with an approximate doubling of total healthcare costs (p < 0.001). Mean (95% confidence interval) relative annual savings in healthcare costs associated with randomization to the intensive lifestyle intervention were $437 ($195, $579) per year during Years 1–4 and $461 ($232, $690) per year during Years 1–8. These were attenuated and the 95% confidence interval no longer excluded $0 after adjustment for the annual FI differences from baseline.ConclusionsDeficit accumulation frailty tracks well with healthcare costs among adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity. It may serve as a useful marker to project healthcare needs and as an intermediate outcome in clinical trials.
Identification of z‐axis filopodia in growth cones using super‐resolution microscopy
Authors: Nozumi Motohiro , Sato Yuta , Nishiyama‐Usuda Miyako , Igarashi Michihiro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA growth cone is a highly motile tip of an extending axon that is crucial for neural network formation. Three‐dimensional‐structured illumination microscopy, a type of super‐resolution light microscopy with a resolution that overcomes the optical diffraction limitation (ca. 200 nm) of conventional light microscopy, is well suited for studying the molecular dynamics of intracellular events. Using this technique, we discovered a novel type of filopodia distributed along the z‐axis (“z‐filopodia”) within the growth cone. Z‐filopodia were typically oriented in the direction of axon growth, not attached to the substratum, protruded spontaneously without microtubule invasion, and had a lifetime that was considerably shorter than that of conventional filopodia. Z‐filopodia formation and dynamics were regulated by actin‐regulatory proteins, such as vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein, fascin, and cofilin. Chromophore‐assisted laser inactivation of cofilin induced the rapid turnover of z‐filopodia. An axon guidance receptor, neuropilin‐1, was concentrated in z‐filopodia and was transported together with them, whereas its ligand, semaphorin‐3A, was selectively bound to them. Membrane domains associated with z‐filopodia were also specialized and resembled those of lipid rafts, and their behaviors were closely related to those of neuropilin‐1. The results suggest that z‐filopodia have unique turnover properties, and unlike xy‐filopodia, do not function as force‐generating structures for axon extension.image
Sleep should not be this difficult: An interpretive descriptive study of older adults' perspectives on behaviour change elements in Sleepwell and experiences with benzodiazepine discontinuation
Authors: Katmeh Tulayla , Gardner David M. , Kiepek Niki , Macdonald Marilyn , Murphy Andrea L. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryBenzodiazepine receptor agonists are often used for insomnia in older adults contrary to current evidence. The harms outweigh the benefits, which are limited. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia is the first‐line recommended treatment. Sleepwell was created as a repository of evidence‐based resources to promote cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia and limit benzodiazepine receptor agonist use. This qualitative study uses an interpretive description design and reflexive thematic analysis to explore older adults' perspectives on behavioural change techniques used in Sleepwell resources. It also explores challenges and opportunities towards benzodiazepine receptor agonist discontinuation and cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia use. Participants were recruited from the Sleepwell arm of a randomized controlled trial. Data were collected from 15 older adults using semi‐structured interviews. Two main themes were developed: (1) sleep should not be this difficult; and (2) whether you know it, or learn it, drugs are bad. Two sub‐themes were created within the first theme: (1) justification of benzodiazepine receptor agonist use to achieve sleep goals; (2) efforts of committing to cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia. Several behavioural change techniques (e.g. information about consequences, anticipated regret, salience of consequences) were enablers of benzodiazepine receptor agonist‐related behaviour change. For committing to cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, several behavioural change techniques (e.g. self‐monitoring of behaviour, distraction, stimulus substitution) were beneficial, but social support, which was perceived as useful, was absent. Older adults experienced tension with benzodiazepine receptor agonist use and deprescribing, despite knowing or learning the potential consequences of benzodiazepine receptor agonists. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia implementation was challenging. Embedded behavioural change techniques in the Sleepwell booklets were identified as helpful, but more (e.g. social support) are needed to optimize cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia use.
Socialising feminism and diversity: the use of gender in young female readers' literary attachments and exclusions
Authors: Santa María Luz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article discusses young women's reading practices and the social uses of literature for enabling gender equality that are present in those practices. Through a digital ethnography study where six young women collaborated as participants, I asked the data: How is literature, precisely its capacity to be used, conceived by young women readers in the search for gender equality? These women's reading engagements are tightly woven with a gender perspective. What are these readers embracing, and what are they rejecting by assuming a gender lens? By tracing these attachments and exclusions, I describe how books affect readers' perspectives and practices on their identities, their choice of authors, the cultural value of books, the social representations of books and reading as education. Participants' close and distant connections between the book and their desire for gender equality allow me to discuss the literature's pedagogical instrumentality and uselessness for achieving gender‐inclusive literacy. Finally, I argue that a plural and non‐functional approach to literature could offer young people heterogeneous and more creative forms to approach the challenge of gender equality.
Persons with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease are at increased risk of severe depression
Authors: Åström Hanne , Shang Ying , Hagström Hannes , Wester Axel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimFew population‐based studies have investigated the association between metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and depression. Additionally, it remains unclear if depression affects progression to major adverse liver outcomes (MALO) in MASLD.MethodsAll patients in Sweden with newly diagnosed MASLD between 2006 and 2020 were identified from the National Patient Register. Each patient was matched on age, sex, inclusion year, and municipality with up to 10 comparators from the general population. Cox regression was used to compare rates of severe depression in persons with MASLD to the comparators. In persons with MASLD, Cox regression was used to estimate rates of MALO using severe depression before baseline or diagnosed during follow‐up as a time‐varying exposure.ResultsWe included 11 301 persons with MASLD and 104 205 comparators who were followed for a median of 3.9 (IQR 1.5–7.6) and 4.9 years (IQR 2.3–8.7), respectively. The median age was 56 years and 5576 of 11 301 (49.3%) persons with MASLD were male. Incident severe depression developed in 228 of 11 301 (2.0%) persons with MASLD and 1160 of 104 205 (1.1%) comparators (fully adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.5–2.1). Of persons with MASLD, 25 of 1229 (2.0%) of those with severe depression before or after baseline progressed to MALO compared to 322 of 10 326 (3.1%) of those without severe depression (fully adjusted HR = 1.0, 95% CI = .6–1.5).ConclusionsWe confirm an association between MASLD and severe depression. However, no association between severe depression and incident MALO was found, but conclusions are limited by few observed outcomes.
Exploring Paleogene Tibet's warm temperate environments through target enrichment and phylogenetic niche modelling of Himalayan spiny frogs (Paini, Dicroglossidae)
Authors: Hofmann Sylvia , Rödder Dennis , Andermann Tobias , Matschiner Michael , Riedel Jendrian , Baniya Chitra B. , Flecks Morris , Yang Jianhuan , Jiang Ke , Jianping Jiang , Litvinchuk Spartak N. , Martin Sebastian , Masroor Rafaqat , Nothnagel Michael , Vershinin Vladimir , Zheng Yuchi , Jablonski Daniel , Schmidt Joachim , Podsiadlowski Lars 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Cenozoic topographic development of the Himalaya‐Tibet orogen (HTO) substantially affected the paleoenvironment and biodiversity patterns of High Asia. However, concepts on the evolution and paleoenvironmental history of the HTO differ massively in timing, elevational increase and sequence of surface uplift of the different elements of the orogen. Using target enrichment of a large set of transcriptome‐derived markers, ancestral range estimation and paleoclimatic niche modelling, we assess a recently proposed concept of a warm temperate paleo‐Tibet in Asian spiny frogs of the tribe Paini and reconstruct their historical biogeography. That concept was previously developed in invertebrates. Because of their early evolutionary origin, low dispersal capacity, high degree of local endemism, and strict dependence on temperature and humidity, the cladogenesis of spiny frogs may echo the evolution of the HTO paleoenvironment. We show that diversification of main lineages occurred during the early to Mid‐Miocene, while the evolution of alpine taxa started during the late Miocene/early Pliocene. Our distribution and niche modelling results indicate range shifts and niche stability that may explain the modern disjunct distributions of spiny frogs. They probably maintained their (sub)tropical or (warm)temperate preferences and moved out of the ancestral paleo‐Tibetan area into the Himalaya as the climate shifted, as opposed to adapting in situ. Based on ancestral range estimation, we assume the existence of low‐elevation, climatically suitable corridors across paleo‐Tibet during the Miocene along the Kunlun, Qiangtang and/or Gangdese Shan. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and processes of faunal evolution in the HTO.
Automated signal‐based evaluation of dynamic cone resistance via machine learning for subsurface characterization
Authors: Aregbesola Samuel Olamide , Byun Yong‐Hoon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDynamic cone resistance (DCR) is a recently introduced soil resistance index that has the unit of stress. It is determined from the dynamic response at the tip of an instrumented dynamic cone penetrometer. However, DCR evaluation is generally a manual, time‐consuming, and error‐prone process. Thus, this study investigates the feasibility of determining DCR using a stacked ensemble (SE) machine learning (ML) model that utilizes signals obtained from dynamic cone penetration testing. Two ML experiments revealed that using only force signals provides more accurate predictions of DCR. In addition, the SE technique outperformed the base learning algorithms in both cases. Overall, the findings suggest that ML techniques can be used to automate the analysis of DCR with force and acceleration signals.
Uni‐ and multimodal sensory‐supported interventions for very preterm and extremely preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: An overview of systematic reviews and interventional studies
Authors: Tang Xiaoli , Sha Sha , Bei Fei , Shen Nanping , Zhu Zhiyu , Ren Zijin , Gao Wenying , Wang Qihui , Tian Siying , Jin Qian , Shayiti Subinuer , Zhang Ying 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundVery and extremely preterm infants (VEPIs) experience sensory deprivation in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). While various sensory‐supported interventions might improve immediate physiological response, their impact on long‐term development remains unclear. Additionally, these interventions may pose challenges in the NICU environment due to complex treatments and monitoring requirements.AimsThis review aimed to understand the current evidence on sensory‐supported interventions in the NICU, identify the components of these interventions and determine their effects on the VEPIs.Study DesignA systematic search across nine electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCO, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, Cochrane trial, IEEE Xplore DL and ACM DL) was conducted in December 2020 and updated in September 2022. The search gathers information on sensory‐supported interventions for VEPIs in the NICU.ResultsThe search yielded 23 systematic reviews and 22 interventional studies, categorized into auditory (19), tactile/kinesthetic (5), positional/movement support (7), visual (1) and multisensory (13) interventions. While unimodal and multimodal interventions showed short‐term benefits, their long‐term effects on VEPIs are indeterminate. Translating these findings into clinical practice remains a challenge due to identified gaps.ConclusionOur reviews indicate that sensory‐supported interventions have a transient impact, with intervention studies reporting positive effects. Future research should develop and test comprehensive, continuous multisensory interventions tailored for the early NICU stage.Relevance to Clinical PracticeMultimodal sensory interventions show promise for VEPIs, but long‐term effects need further study. Standardizing protocols for NICU integration and parental involvement is crucial. Ongoing research and collaboration are essential for optimizing interventions and personalized care.
ON THE STRUCTURE OF RITUAL ACTIVITY AND THE COLLECTIVE DIMENSION OF FIGURINE USE AT MINOAN PEAK SANCTUARIES
Authors: Murphy Céline 
Published: July 2024

SummaryDespite the regular appearance of peak sanctuaries, for over a century, in discussions on the organization of Cretan Bronze Age society, uncertainty still looms over the precise position these places of congregation held in the island’s complex network of sites. One of the causes behind this academic situation is their methodological treatment. Particularly problematic is the customary scholarly practice of defining the sites’ political affiliation, and their visitors’ economic status, according to dichotomizing and somewhat reductive criteria such as ‘palatial’/‘non‐palatial’ or ‘elite’/‘non‐elite’. Seeking to incorporate more nuance into the investigatory trajectory, this paper therefore encourages the implementation of more localized and materially‐founded analyses on the structure of the ritual activities held at these mysterious mountain‐tops. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a re‐examination of the ceramic figurines from Petsophas and the subsequent articulation of the existence of a communal dimension to their use and function. The study concludes that closer consideration of the simultaneously personal and collective significance of peak sanctuary ritual can yield further clues on their socio‐political role.
Empagliflozin to prevent post‐operative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Aghakouchakzadeh Maryam , Hosseini Kaveh , Haghjoo Majid , Mirzabeigi Parastoo , Tajdini Masih , Talasaz Azita H. , Jalali Arash , Askarinejad Amir , Kohansal Erfan , Hedayat Behnam , Parvas Ehsan , Bozorgi Ali , Bagheri Jamshid , Givtaj Nader , Hadavand Naser , Hajighasemi Alireza , Tafti Seyed Hossein Ahmadi , Hosseini Saeid , Sadeghipour Parham , Kakavand Hessam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is one of the most common types of acute AF and can complicate the treatment course of approximately one third of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are among the newest antidiabetic drugs which can be therapeutic options for preventing POAF by different mechanisms.MethodsEmpagliflozin to Prevent POAF (EMPOAF) is an interventional, investigator‐initiated, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter, randomized controlled trial which will be conducted in two referral teaching cardiology hospitals in Tehran. Four‐hundred ninety‐two adult patients who are scheduled for elective isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery will be randomly assigned to one of the groups of intervention (empagliflozin 10 mg daily) or placebo starting at least 3 days before surgery until discharge. Key exclusion criteria are a history of diabetes mellitus, AF, ketoacidosis, or recurrent urinary tract infections along with severe renal or hepatic impairment, unstable hemodynamics, and patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors for another indication. The primary outcome will be the incidence of POAF. Key secondary endpoints will be the composite rate of life‐threatening arrhythmias, postoperative acute kidney injury, hospitalization length, in‐hospital mortality, stroke, and systemic embolization. Key safety endpoints will be the rate of life‐threatening and/or genitourinary tract infections, hypoglycemia, and ketoacidosis.ConclusionsEMPOAF will prospectively evaluate whether empagliflozin 10 mg daily can reduce the rate of POAF in patients undergoing elective CABG. Enrolment into this study has started by November 2023 and is expected to be ended before the end of 2025.
The relationship between internet addiction, sleep quality, and psycho‐social problems among secondary school students in Erbil, 2023–2024
Authors: Fareeq Saber Abdulmalik , Masih Sarfraz , Karimirad Mohammad Reza , Sharifi Farshad , Manookian Arpi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to show the association between internet addiction (IA), sleep quality, and psycho‐social problems among secondary school studentsDesignA cross‐sectional, descriptive, and correlational study design was used.SampleA total of 557 students from four secondary schools in Erbil were selected using multistage cluster samplingMeasurementsThe questionnaires of this research contained socio‐demographic data, Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Pediatric Symptom Checklist—Y (PSC‐Y) questionnaire.ResultsFindings indicated that students displayed a mild IA, averaging a score of 42.9 ± 19.18. Furthermore, the average sleep quality (PSQI) score was 8.95 ± 2.75, indicating moderate sleep disturbance, and the average score for psycho‐social problems was 27.78 ± 13.29. Importantly, there was a strong and positive association between IA and psycho‐social issues, as shown by a correlation coefficient of 0.31 (p < .001). Sleep quality was correlated with IA and psychosocial issues (p < .001, correlation values: .23 and .27, respectively)ConclusionsThe study highlights the urgent need for health policymakers and nursing managers in Erbil to develop targeted interventions, such as awareness campaigns and digital well‐being programs in school curricula, to mitigate the interlinked issues of IA, sleep quality, and psycho‐social problems among students.
Earthquake diaries: Psychosocial difficulties and life experiences of nurses working in the disaster zone after the earthquake: A phenomenological study
Authors: Emirza Elif Güzide , Uzun Sevda , Şenses Medine 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAim and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the psychosocial difficulties and life experiences of nurses working in the disaster area following the earthquake on February 6, Kahramanmaraş centered earthquake with a phenomenological approach.BackgroundAfter natural disasters such as earthquakes, nurses play a significant role in providing both physical and psychosocial support. Therefore, the experiences of nurses in this field are necessary both to support them and to assist disaster survivors.Materials and MethodsIn this study, in which the phenomenological research method was used, semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with 18 nurses who provided health care services during the February 6 Kahramanmaraş earthquake were conducted between January and February 2024 via Whatsapp mobile application. Snowball sampling method was used to reach the sample group. Interviews continued until data saturation was achieved. All interviews were audio recorded and then transcribed. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study was conducted and reported according to the COREQ checklist.ResultsData analysis revealed two themes (psychological and social difficulties caused by the earthquake, traumatic stress and coping experiences as a nurse) and five sub‐themes (social difficulties, psychological difficulties, traumatic events, reactions and coping).ConclusionAs a result of the study, it was determined that nurses providing health care services were negatively affected psychosocially by the traumatic stress situations they experienced in the earthquake centered in Kahramanmaraş on February 6. It was determined that nurses had great difficulty in coping with the traumatic stress situations they experienced. It was concluded that the February 6 earthquake caused secondary traumatization in nurses.