bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing leadership by storytelling – the meaning of trust and narratives
Authors: Auvinen Tommi , Aaltio Iiris , Blomqvist Kirsimarja 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThis paper approaches manager's storytelling as a means for promoting organizational aims and for constructing leadership, and examines the intentions of managers in this process. We focus on the context of storytelling and the content of the stories told by managers in order to identify areas of influence on subordinates. Storytelling in relation to building a narrative identity for the manager is also studied.Design/methodology/approachThis is an exploratory empirical study that draws on 13 thematic interviews with Finnish managers working in different fields. A qualitative thematic analysis is used in order to analyze the data.FindingsAs a result of the study we found that managers tell stories in order to evoke leadership characterized by six areas of influence: motivation, inspiration, defusing conflict, influencing superiors, discovering a focus and constructing trust. According to the findings, the managers see stories as an effective means of building trust between leaders and their subordinates. It was also found that managers can use stories self‐reflectively and as a means of self‐development.Practical implicationsStorytelling can empower leadership and support interaction with subordinates. One application of this study is informing elements of leadership development such as business education programmes for managers and future managers.Originality/valueNarrative leadership is a highly valued but still under‐researched approach to leadership. This study seeks to fill this gap in the research by providing an empirically based contribution to the field, emphasizing the intentional nature of storytelling.
Leaders life aspirations and job burnout: a self‐determination theory approach
Authors: Roche Maree , Haar Jarrod M. 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of leaders’ life goals on their work related wellbeing. Self‐determination theory (SDT) asserts aspirations (life goals) pursued in terms of personal growth, health, affiliation and community support psychological wellbeing, while aspirations of wealth, image and fame thwart wellbeing. However, little is understood about the influence of life goals towards leaders’ wellbeing at work, specifically job burnout.DesignThe study explores seven dimensions of aspirations on a sample of 386 New Zealand leaders towards emotional exhaustion and cynicism. Data were collected in two waves (1=predictors and 2=outcomes) and structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships between variables.FindingsThe study found that all extrinsic aspirations were significantly and positively correlated with job burnout, while mainly the intrinsic aspirations were significantly and negatively correlated. The structural model showed that wealth and image aspirations were positively related to emotional exhaustion and cynicism, while health aspirations were negatively related. Finally, relationship aspirations were negatively related to cynicism.ImplicationsThis study shows the importance of life goals and the role they play towards leaders’ job burnout. Leaders focussed on extrinsic aspirations are more likely to burnout at work than those focussed on intrinsic aspirations. Hence, what leaders focus on in terms of overall life objectives matter for their workplace wellbeing.Originality/valueFindings are significant because, for the first time, relationships between the SDT dimensions associated with (a leader's) life goal orientations and job burnout has been established.
Transformational leadership and work engagement
Authors: Yasin Ghadi Mohammed , Fernando Mario , Caputi Peter 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThis paper reports the findings of a study examining the relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement through the mediating role of meaning in work.Design/methodology/approachTransformational leadership, work engagement and perceptions of meaning in work were assessed in an empirical study based on a sample of 530 full‐time employees working in Australia.FindingsThe results from structural equation modelling reveal that the transformational leadership style influences followers’ attributes of work engagement. The direct relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement was found to be partially mediated by employees’ perceptions of meaning in work.Practical implicationsIndustry reports show that globally, the number of unengaged employees have increased, costing nations billions in productivity losses. We present a model that could help reduce these losses by providing human resource managers with new insights into developing training programmes that could improve transformational leadership behaviours in the workplace. These programmes could help re‐design the context of work to make work more meaningful.Originality/valueThe relationship between transformational leadership style, perceptions of meaning in work and work engagement were explored theoretically and tested empirically in an Australian context.
It's how leaders behave that matters, not where they are from
Authors: Posner Barry Z. 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine how national culture might impact both how leaders behave as well as their effectiveness as leaders.Design/methodology/approachHealthcare leaders and their constituents in Ethiopia, India, Pakistan, and the Philippines were surveyed about their leadership behaviors and their effectiveness. Analyses both across and within countries from self and constituent perspectives were conducted.FindingsLeadership practices varied across countries but within the countries their impact was the same. Within each country the more frequently leaders used these leadership practices the more effective they were viewed by their constituents, and the more favorable were their own workplace attitudes.Research limitations/implicationsThe study involved a cross‐section of leaders who may not be representative of organizational managers, did not have direct reports, were from a specialized field, and utilized a single conceptual framework and scale. Future studies should expand the conceptual framework and measurement tools, as well as extend the investigation to other organizational samples and nations.Practical implicationsImportant leadership behaviors can be identified for effective leadership across various national or cultural boundaries. Leadership development efforts may be better directed toward building skills common to leaders rather than targeting differences within national boundaries.Originality/valueThis study provides understanding into how leaders behave around the globe, and documents that how they behave makes a difference to their constituents and impacts their own workplace attitudes. It demonstrates that there are some “universal” leadership processes and provides guidance for those responsible for developing the global (cross‐cultural) competencies of leaders.
Recent developments in MEMS sensors: a review of applications, markets and technologies
Authors: Bogue Robert 
Published: August 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors and their commercialisation and to consider a number of recent applications, markets and product developments.

Design/methodology/approach
– Following an introduction and a brief historical background to MEMS sensors and their commercialisation, the paper describes a selection of recent applications, with an emphasis on high volume uses. Various market figures are included to place these applications in a commercial context. Sensors for both physical variables and gases are considered.

Findings
– The paper shows that MEMS sensor applications continue to grow in the automotive, consumer electronics and other industries, which consume many millions of sensors annually. New product developments reflect the requirement for smaller and lower-cost sensors with enhanced performance and greater functionality. Markets for physical sensors dominate but MEMS technology is making progressive inroads in the gas sensing field.

Originality/value
– This article provides a timely review of a selection of recent MEMS sensor applications, markets and product developments.
Towards an overheating risk tool for building design
Authors: Banfill P.F.G. , Jenkins D.P. , Patidar S. , Gul M. , Menzies G.F. , Gibson G.J. 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe work set out to design and develop an overheating risk tool using the UKCP09 climate projections that is compatible with building performance simulation software. The aim of the tool is to exploit the Weather Generator and give a reasonably accurate assessment of a building's performance in future climates, without adding significant time, cost or complexity to the design team's work.Methodology/approachBecause simulating every possible future climate is impracticable, the approach adopted was to use principal component analysis to give a statistically rigorous simplification of the climate projections. The perceptions and requirements of potential users were assessed through surveys, interviews and focus groups.FindingsIt is possible to convert a single dynamic simulation output into many hundreds of simulation results at hourly resolution for equally probable climates, giving a population of outcomes for the performance of a specific building in a future climate, thus helping the user choose adaptations that might reduce the risk of overheating. The tool outputs can be delivered as a probabilistic overheating curve and feed into a risk management matrix. Professionals recognized the need to quantify overheating risk, particularly for non‐domestic buildings, and were concerned about the ease of incorporating the UKCP09 projections into this process. The new tool has the potential to meet these concerns.Originality/valueThe paper is the first attempt to link UKCP09 climate projections and building performance simulation software in this way and the work offers the potential for design practitioners to use the tool to quickly assess the risk of overheating in their designs and adapt them accordingly.
Evaluative application of UKCP09‐based downscaled future weather years to simulate overheating risk in typical English homes
Authors: Gupta Rajat , Gregg Matthew , Du Hu , Williams Katie 
Published: August 2013

PurposeTo critically compare three future weather year (FWY) downscaling approaches, based on the 2009 UK Climate Projections, used for climate change impact and adaptation analysis in building simulation software.Design/methodology/approachThe validity of these FWYs is assessed through dynamic building simulation modelling to project future overheating risk in typical English homes in 2050s and 2080s.FindingsThe modelling results show that the variation in overheating projections is far too significant to consider the tested FWY data sets equally suitable for the task.Research and practical implicationsIt is recommended that future research should consider harmonisation of the downscaling approaches so as to generate a unified data set of FWYs to be used for a given location and climate projection. If FWY are to be used in practice, live projects will need viable and reliable FWY on which to base their adaptation decisions. The difference between the data sets tested could potentially lead to different adaptation priorities specifically with regard to time series and adaptation phasing through the life of a building.Originality/valueThe paper investigates the different results derived from FWY application to building simulation. The outcome and implications are important considerations for research and practice involved in FWY data use in building simulation intended for climate change adaptation modelling.
Case of seborrheic keratosis with underlying basal cell carcinoma suggesting a collision tumor
Authors: Jee Hyunjoong , Lee Noo Ri , Ahn Sung Ku 
Published: August 2013

AbstractReports of seborrheic keratosis (SK) with concurrent malignant tumors are rare, but previous and recent reports – especially the co‐manifestation of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) have added to the ongoing debate of the possibility of the development of BCC from SK. We report a rare case of SK with underlying BCC with scarcely accounted histopathological characteristics – reticulated type and nodular type, respectively – that showed no direct histological link between the two entities. We also carefully suggest that differences in histopathology (whether the two lesions are connected or not) may account for the possibility of incidental co‐habitation.
Model‐uncertainty quantification in seismic tomography: method and applications
Authors: Osypov Konstantin , Yang Yi , Fournier Aimé , Ivanova Natalia , Bachrach Ran , Yarman Can Evren , You Yu , Nichols Dave , Woodward Marta 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTUncertainty is inherent in every stage of the oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) business and understanding uncertainty enables mitigation of E&P risks. Therefore, quantification of uncertainty is beneficial for decision making and uncertainty should be managed along with other aspects of business. For example, decisions on well positioning should take into account the structural uncertainty related to the non‐uniqueness of a velocity model used to create a seismic depth image. Moreover, recent advances in seismic acquisition technology, such as full‐azimuth, long‐offset techniques, combined with high‐accuracy migration algorithms such as reverse‐time migration, can greatly enhance images even in highly complex structural settings, provided that an Earth velocity model with sufficient resolution is available. Modern practices often use non‐seismic observation to better constrain velocity model building. However, even with additional information, there is still ambiguity in our velocity models caused by the inherent non‐uniqueness of the seismic experiment. Many different Earth velocity models exist that match the observed seismic (and well) data and this ambiguity grows rapidly away from well controls. The result is uncertainty in the seismic velocity model and the true positions of events in our images. Tracking these uncertainties can lead to significant improvement in the quantification of exploration risk (e.g., trap failure when well‐logging data are not representative), drilling risk (e.g., dry wells and abnormal pore pressure) and volumetric uncertainties. Whilst the underlying ambiguity can never be fully eradicated, a quantified measure of these uncertainties provides a valuable tool for understanding and evaluating the risks and for development of better risk‐mitigation plans and decision‐making strategies.
Full‐waveform inversion for macro velocity model reconstruction in look‐ahead offset vertical seismic profile: numerical singular value decomposition‐based analysis
Authors: Silvestrov Ilya , Neklyudov Dmitry , Kostov Clement , Tcheverda Vladimir 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTFull‐waveform inversion is currently considered as a potential tool for improving depth‐velocity models for areas with complex geology. It is well‐known that success of the inversion is very sensitive to the available low‐frequency content of the data. In the paper we investigate this issue considering a look‐ahead offset vertical seismic profile survey and applying singular value decomposition analysis of a linearized forward map as the main tool. We demonstrate with this technique the difference between the sequential full‐waveform inversion strategy and the original time‐domain approach proposed in the early 1980s. We emphasize the role of the lowest frequency in the data, which is necessary for reliable velocity model inversion in particular cases. Finally we show the existence of a trade‐off between the lowest frequency and a regularization parameter of the inversion procedure. The presented approach may be adapted to answer general questions regarding the quality of data and acquisition system parameters required for feasible full‐waveform inversion.
REVIEW: Ecological feedbacks can reduce population‐level efficacy of wildlife fertility control
Authors: Ransom Jason I. , Powers Jenny G. , Thompson Hobbs N. , Baker Dan L. 
Published: August 2013

Summary

Anthropogenic stress on natural systems, particularly the fragmentation of landscapes and the extirpation of predators from food webs, has intensified the need to regulate abundance of wildlife populations with management. Controlling population growth using fertility control has been considered for almost four decades, but nearly all research has focused on understanding effects of fertility control agents on individual animals. Questions about the efficacy of fertility control as a way to control populations remain largely unanswered.

Collateral consequences of contraception can produce unexpected changes in birth rates, survival, immigration and emigration that may reduce the effectiveness of regulating animal abundance. The magnitude and frequency of such effects vary with species‐specific social and reproductive systems, as well as connectivity of populations. Developing models that incorporate static demographic parameters from populations not controlled by contraception may bias predictions of fertility control efficacy.

Many population‐level studies demonstrate that changes in survival and immigration induced by fertility control can compensate for the reduction in births caused by contraception. The most successful cases of regulating populations using fertility control come from applications of contraceptives to small, closed populations of gregarious and easily accessed species.

Fertility control can result in artificial selection pressures on the population and may lead to long‐term unintentional genetic consequences. The magnitude of such selection is dependent on individual heritability and behavioural traits, as well as environmental variation.

Synthesis and applications. Understanding species' life‐history strategies, biology, behavioural ecology and ecological context is critical to developing realistic expectations of regulating populations using fertility control. Before time, effort and funding are invested in wildlife contraception, managers may need to consider the possibility that many species and populations can compensate for reduction in fecundity, and this could minimize any reduction in population growth rate.
Upland land use predicts population decline in a globally near‐threatened wader
Authors: Douglas David J.T. , Bellamy Paul E. , Stephen Leigh S. , Pearce–Higgins James W. , Wilson Jeremy D. , Grant Murray C. 
Published: August 2013

Summary

Changes in large‐scale land use may fragment and degrade habitats, affecting animal species adapted to these habitats. In the UK uplands for example, changes in sheep and game management, and afforestation, have altered the configuration of internationally important moorland habitat and are predicted to have increased predation pressure for a globally unique suite of breeding birds of international conservation importance.

Some of these upland bird species have declined, with particular concern over ground‐nesting waders. Using resurveys of the rapidly declining Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata as a focal species of global conservation concern, we investigate whether upland land use predicts low nesting success and population decline.

Curlew population changes over an 8‐ to 10‐year period were positively related to gamekeeper density (a surrogate of predator control intensity) and inversely to the area of woodland surrounding sites, as a likely source of predators to adjacent open ground. Model predictions suggest that increasing woodland cover from 0% to 10% of the land area within 1 km of populated sites requires an increase in human predator control effort of about 48%, to a level associated with high‐intensity grouse production, to achieve curlew population stability.

Curlew nesting success, known to be a key driver of population trends, was also positively related to gamekeeper density and inversely to woodland area surrounding sites, providing a plausible mechanistic link between land use and population change.

Synthesis and applications. Upland land use is associated with curlew declines, with predation a likely mechanism, and this may apply to other breeding waders. The removal of isolated woodland plantations from otherwise unafforested landscapes may help reduce predation pressure across a range of systems including moorland. However, direct predator control may also be important to conserve ground‐nesting birds in these landscapes, for example, where moorland management and forestry coexist as major land uses. Predator control may also mitigate climate change effects by enhancing wader productivity, particularly where climate effects coincide with changing land use. Emerging land uses in open landscapes, including native woodland restoration and wind farms, require careful siting to minimize further impacts on open‐area breeding birds.
Gains in native species promote biotic homogenization over four decades in a human‐dominated landscape
Authors: McCune Jenny L. , Vellend Mark 
Published: August 2013

Summary

A long‐term perspective is needed to understand how disturbance is affecting plant communities in human‐dominated landscapes. Increased human disturbance often results in declining local native species richness, gains in exotic species and a decline in beta diversity. However, it is far from certain whether a general decline in plant diversity is occurring across all disturbed landscapes, and knowledge gaps remain concerning how the spread of exotic species influences beta diversity over long time‐scales.

We resurveyed 184 vegetation plots in three broad vegetation types on southern Vancouver Island, Canada, originally surveyed in the late 1960s. This landscape has experienced a high degree of human disturbance over the past 40 years due to urbanization. We examined changes in total diversity, local diversity and beta diversity over time. We also compiled information on the traits of each species and tested for correlations between traits and plant species success over four decades.

We found striking increases in local and total plant species richness driven by both native and exotic species. The most successful species tended to be exotic, disturbance tolerant, shade tolerant and shrubs. Biotic homogenization occurred, but not as a result of exotic species colonization, instead being significantly correlated with gains in native species. The loss in beta diversity has resulted in a shrinking of the gradient of vegetation types, blurring the distinction between them.

Synthesis. Our study shows that human‐mediated disturbance is the dominant driver of plant community changes, but the net result has actually been an increase in richness, for each plot and for all plots pooled, and for both natives and exotics, despite a decline in variability among plant communities on the landscape. Contrary to conventional definitions of biotic homogenization, this decline in beta diversity was not correlated with the spread of exotic species, but with the colonization of common, disturbance‐tolerant natives.