bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anesthetic considerations in myofibrillar myopathy
Authors: Latham Gregory J. , Lopez Grace 
Published: September 2014

SummaryMyofibrillar myopathy (MFM) is a relatively newly recognized genetic disease that leads to progressive muscle deterioration. MFM has a varied phenotypic presentation and impacts cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscles. Affected individuals are at increased risk of respiratory failure, significant cardiac conduction abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, and sudden cardiac death. In addition, significant skeletal muscle involvement is common, which may lead to contractures, respiratory insufficiency, and airway compromise as the disease progresses. This study is the first report of anesthetic management of a patient with MFM. We report multiple anesthetic encounters of a child with genetically confirmed BAG3‐myopathy, a subtype of MFM with severe childhood disease onset. A review of the anesthetic implications of the disease is provided, with specific exploration of possible susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, and sensitivity to other anesthetic agents.
Tracheal intubation with the Bonfils fiberscope in the difficult pediatric airway: a comparison with fiberoptic intubation
Authors: Kaufmann Jost , Laschat Michael , Engelhardt Thomas , Hellmich Martin , Wappler Frank 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBackgroundFiberoptic intubation (FOI) is the gold standard for the tracheal intubation in adults with a difficult airway. However, this technique is more difficult in the narrow pediatric airway and the evaluation of alternative devices in children remains desirable. The Bonfils fiberscope (BF) is well described for the difficult airway, but no clinical data assessing its use in the difficult pediatric airway are available.MethodsA controlled clinical study was conducted comparing BF and FOI in children and infants requiring tracheal intubation with a suspected difficult airway or who demonstrated a difficult airway which was unanticipated. Time to successful intubation, quality of imaging and ease of the intubation procedure were determined.ResultsA total of 26 patients (46% infants) were studied, and all successfully intubated at the first attempt using either the BF or FOI. Mouth opening was restricted in 38% of patients. Time required for intubation was shorter with the BF (52 ± 22 s) compared with the FOI (83 ± 24 s, P = 0.008). The image quality (excellent in 73% vs 45%, P = 0.129) and the ease of the procedure (excellent in 67% vs18%, P = 0.015) were considered better with BF than with FOI.ConclusionAlthough both the BF and FOI are suitable devices for the intubation of infants and children with difficult airways, the BF may allow faster tracheal intubation with a better image quality and ease of use.
On Taxation, Political Accountability and Foreign Aid: Empirics to a Celebrated Literature
Authors: Asongu Simplice 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Eubank findings on taxation, political accountability and foreign aid have had an important influence on academic and policymaking debates. Eubank has warned that his findings should not be generalised across Africa until they are backed by robust empirical evidence. This paper puts some empirical structure to the celebrated literature. The empirical evidence which is based on data from 53 African countries for the period 1996‐2010 broadly confirms the Somaliland‐based Eubank hypothesis that in the absence of foreign aid, the dependence of government on local tax revenues provides the leverage for better political governance.
Is the competence of Swedish Registered Nurses working in municipal care of older people merely a question of age and postgraduate education?
Authors: Karlstedt Michaela , Wadensten Barbro , Fagerberg Ingegerd , Pöder Ulrika 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesPrevious studies suggest that not only education but also personal aspects such as experience of working as a registered nurse (RN) and age can influence competence. The objective was to explore the educational and self‐rated competence of RNs and their duties within the care of older people.MethodsA cross‐sectional descriptive design was used. All RNs in two counties in Sweden were asked to complete a written questionnaire: a study specific questionnaire with educational and work related questions using the Nurse Competence Scale. The response rate was 61% (n 344).ResultsHigher self‐rated satisfaction with own professional competence was related to older age, more years after nursing education and possessing at least one postgraduate education in specialist nursing. Educational needs were related to younger age and fewer years since nursing graduation. Education within elder care, including education about drugs was rated the most urgently needed area of education. The most frequently reported tasks were found in the domain helping role, whereas ensuring quality was less present in their daily work.ConclusionsEducational level, age and years of experience had an impact on RNs’ self‐perceived competence, which is in accordance with previous descriptions of the concept competence. It seems imperative that RNs working in care of the old and with the demands placed on them are given the opportunity to take a postgraduate specialist education in order to gain a competence level in their desired area of work. It is also important that RNs working in care of the old get tailored education in line with the requirements the organisation places on them.
An integrative approach to species discrimination in the Eupelmus urozonus complex (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae), with the description of 11 new species from the Western Palaearctic
Authors: AL KHATIB FADEL , FUSU LUCIAN , CRUAUD ASTRID , GIBSON GARY , BOROWIEC NICOLAS , RASPLUS JEAN‐YVES , RIS NICOLAS , DELVARE GÉRARD 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe systematics of the European species of Eupelmus (Eupelmus) Dalman (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) belonging to the ‘urozonus‐complex’ is elucidated through combined molecular and morphological characterization. One mitochondrial gene fragment (Cytochrome oxidase I) and one nuclear protein‐coding gene fragment (Wingless) were sequenced and the results compared with those of a detailed morphological study of the specimens from an extensive sampling. Knowledge of the biodiversity of Eupelmus in the Western Palearctic Region is significantly improved through the separation and description of 11 new species: E. (Eupelmus) confusus Al khatib sp.n., E. gemellus Al khatib sp.n., E. janstai Delvare & Gibson sp.n., E. longicalvus Al khatib & Fusu sp.n., E. minozonus Delvare sp.n., E. opacus Delvare sp.n., E. pistaciae Al khatib sp.n., E. priotoni Delvare sp.n., E. purpuricollis Fusu & Al khatib sp.n., E. simizonus Al khatib sp.n. and E. tremulae Delvare sp.n. Illustrated keys to females and, when known, males of these new 11 species plus the other already described species considered to belong to the ‘urozonus‐complex’ (E. acinellus Askew, E. annulatus Nees, E. azureus Ratzeburg, E. cerris Förster, E. fulvipes Förster, E. kiefferi De Stefani, E. martellii Masi, E. stenozonus Askew, E. tibicinis Bouček and E. urozonus Dalman) are provided and all the species are described based on morphology. Eupelmus kiefferi is removed from synonymy under E. urozonus and E. azureus is recognized as the valid senior synonym of Pteromalus cordairii Ratzeburg, and Eupelmus spongipartus Förster, syn.n. The discrimination of the species included in this complex is particularly relevant because some are potential biological control agents and have been confused in the past.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F52CD199‐C65F‐43CC‐B347‐4E724096F2D5.
Analyzing Animal Movement Characteristics From Location Data
Authors: Sarkar Dipto , Chapman Colin A. , Griffin Larry , Sengupta Raja 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWhen individuals of a species utilize an environment, they generate movement patterns at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Field observations coupled with location technologies (e.g.GPStags) enable the capture of detailed spatio‐temporal data regarding these movement patterns. These patterns contain information about species‐specific preferences regarding individual decision‐making, locational choices and the characteristics of the habitat in which the animal resides. Spatial Data Mining approaches can be used to extract repeated spatio‐temporal patterns and additional habitat preferences hidden within large spatially explicit movement datasets. We describe a method to determine the periodicity and directionality in movement exhibited by a migratory bird species. Results using a High Arctic‐nestingSvalbardBarnacleGoose movement data yielded undetected patterns that were secondarily corroborated with expert field knowledge. Individual revisits by the geese to specific locations in the breeding and wintering grounds ofSvalbard,Norway andSolway,Scotland, occurred with a periodicity of 334 days . Further, the orientation of this movement was detected to be mostly north‐south. During long‐range migration the geese use the north‐south orientedNorwegian islands as “stepping stones”, Short‐range movement between mudbank roosts to feeding fields inSolway also retained a north‐south orientation.
Cytonuclear discordance and the species status of Myotis myotis and Myotis blythii (Chiroptera)
Authors: Furman Andrzej , Çoraman Emrah , Çelik Yalin E. , Postawa Tomasz , Bachanek Justyna , Ruedi Manuel 
Published: September 2014

We used both highly variable mitochondrial and nuclear loci to investigate the large mouse‐eared bat species complex in the Western Palaearctic to clarify their systematic position. Although mitochondrial lineages show no species segregation and some haplotypes are shared between Myotis myotis and Myotis blythii sensu lato, Bayesian clustering methods based on multilocus genotypes indicate highly concordant nuclear and morphological species assignment. These multilocus, nuclear analyses detected only a single putative F1 hybrid in the extensive areas of sympatry sampled, thus confirming the biological species status of M. myotis and M. blythii s.l. We propose that the strong cytonuclear discordance in these species complex results from a combination of prior spatial isolation of the two species in different glacial refugia, followed by a succession of mitochondrial introgression events that occurred during the eastward and westward expansions of M. myotis and of M. blythii, respectively. The nuclear markers further indicate the presence of a notable genetic discontinuity within M. myotis that broadly separates populations into an eastern and a western component with an overlap zone in the Balkans. This eastern and western discontinuity is also apparent in the mitochondrial lineages with the D haplogroup largely confined to samples found in Thrace and Asia Minor. None of these genetic discontinuities correspond to the distribution of the two commonly recognized M. myotis subspecies (myotis and macrocephalicus). We also show that distinct morphological subspecies within M. blythii (oxygnathus, omari, risorius and lesviacus) in Europe and the near‐East do not correlate with significant evolutionarily units, whether identified by mitochondrial or nuclear data and thus only represent local morphological variants with little taxonomic relevance.
Species limits, phylogeographic and hybridization patterns in Neotropical leaf frogs (Phyllomedusinae)
Authors: Brunes Tuliana O. , Alexandrino João , Baêta Délio , Zina Juliana , Haddad Célio F.B. , Sequeira Fernando 
Published: September 2014

The taxonomy of many species is still based solely on phenotypic traits, which is often a pitfall for the understanding of evolutionary processes and historical biogeographic patterns, especially between closely related species due to either phenotypic conservatism or plasticity. Two widely distributed Neotropical leaf frogs from the Phyllomedusa burmeisteri species group (P. burmeisteri and Phyllomedusa bahiana) constitute a paramount example of closely related species with relatively unstable taxonomic history due to a large phenotypic variation. Herein, we analysed ~260 individuals from 57 localities distributed across the range of the two species to contrast individual phenotypic with an integrative phylogenetic and phylogeographic multilocus approach. We aim to clarify species limits, investigate potential undocumented diversity and examine to what extent taxonomic uncertainties could lead to misleading hypotheses on phylogeographic and interspecific hybridization patterns. Our molecular analysis supports the recognition of the two currently defined species, providing evidences for one novel and highly divergent evolutionary unit within the range of P. burmeisteri, which encompasses its type locality (Rio de Janeiro city). Spatial patterns of genetic and the colour of the hidden areas of the thigh was not congruent, varying considerably both within and between populations of both species. Genetic data showed signs of admixture between both species but do not corroborate the previously inferred wide area of introgression based on the distribution of the intermediate phenotype. Our results suggest that phenotypic variation can result from local adaptations, geographic isolation and/or evolutionary processes and, thus, cannot be used to reliably diagnose P. burmeisteri and P. bahiana. Globally, this study underscores the need of a geographical broad sampling of widespread species and the combination of molecular and phenotypic data to delineate species limits and phylogeographic patterns in species with complex taxonomy.
Genome Sequence of a
Salmonella
Phage Used To Control
Salmonella
Transmission in Swine
Authors: Zhang Jiayi , Hong Yingying , Harman Nicholas J. , Das Archana , Ebner Paul D. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Salmonella
shedding in swine often increases in response to transportation and lairage. We previously demonstrated that such increases can be limited by directly feeding microencapsulated
Salmonella
bacteriophages. Here we present the genome sequence of vB_SalM_SJ_3, a broader spectrum Viuna-like
Salmonella
phage used in those studies.
Whole-Genome Sequence of a Reassortant H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from a Live Poultry Market in China, 2013
Authors: Qi Xian , Cui Lunbiao , Yu Huiyan , Ge Yiyue , Tang Fengyang 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
An avian influenza virus, A/environment/Zhenjiang/C13/2013(H5N6), was isolated from a live poultry market in eastern China. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate was a novel reassortant virus with a neuraminidase (NA) gene from H6N6 viruses and the other seven genes from H5N1 viruses, which may pose a potential threat to human and animal health.
Draft Genome Sequence of Uncultivated
Firmicutes
(
Peptococcaceae
SCADC) Single Cells Sorted from Methanogenic Alkane-Degrading Cultures
Authors: Tan BoonFei , Charchuk Rhianna , Li Carmen , Nesbø Camilla , Abu Laban Nidal , Foght Julia 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

The draft genome of an uncultivated bacterium affiliated with the
Peptococcaceae
was reconstructed by co-assembling Illumina MiSeq sequences from three single cells sorted by microfluidics from two methanogenic alkane-degrading cultures.
Peptococcaceae
SCADC (short-chain alkane-degrading culture) may be genetically capable of anaerobic alkane activation by fumarate addition in the absence of sulfate.
PAD2 Overexpression in Transgenic Mice Promotes Spontaneous Skin Neoplasia
Authors: McElwee John L. , Mohanan Sunish , Horibata Sachi , Sams Kelly L. , Anguish Lynne J. , McLean Dalton , Cvitaš Iva , Wakshlag Joseph J. , Coonrod Scott A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPeptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2/PADI2) has been implicated in various inflammatory diseases and, more recently, cancer. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that PAD2 promotes oncogenesis using a transgenic mouse model. We found that about 37% of transgenic mice overexpressing human FLAG-PAD2 downstream of the MMTV-LTR promoter develop spontaneous neoplastic skin lesions. Molecular and histopathologic analyses of the resulting lesions find that they contain increased levels of markers for invasion, inflammation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and that a subset of the lesions progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We then stably overexpressed FLAG-PAD2 in the human SCC cell line, A431, and found that the PAD2-overexpressing cells were more tumorigenic in vitro and also contained elevated levels of markers for inflammation and EMT. Collectively, these studies provide the first genetic evidence that PAD2 functions as an oncogene and suggest that PAD2 may promote tumor progression by enhancing inflammation within the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res; 74(21); 6306–17. ©2014 AACR.
SCCA1/SERPINB3 Promotes Oncogenesis and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition via the Unfolded Protein Response and IL6 Signaling
Authors: Sheshadri Namratha , Catanzaro Joseph M. , Bott Alex J. , Sun Yu , Ullman Erica , Chen Emily I. , Pan Ji-An , Wu Song , Crawford Howard C. , Zhang Jianhua , Zong Wei-Xing 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The serine/cysteine protease inhibitor SCCA1 (SERPINB3) is upregulated in many advanced cancers with poor prognosis, but there is limited information about whether it makes functional contributions to malignancy. Here, we show that SCCA1 expression promoted oncogenic transformation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in mammary epithelial cells, and that SCCA1 silencing in breast cancer cells halted their proliferation. SCCA1 overexpression in neu+ mammary tumors increased the unfolded protein response (UPR), IL6 expression, and inflammatory phenotypes. Mechanistically, SCCA1 induced a prolonged nonlethal increase in the UPR that was sufficient to activate NF-κB and expression of the protumorigenic cytokine IL6. Overall, our findings established that SCCA1 contributes to tumorigenesis by promoting EMT and a UPR-dependent induction of NF-κB and IL6 autocrine signaling that promotes a protumorigenic inflammation. Cancer Res; 74(21); 6318–29. ©2014 AACR.
The Renin–Angiotensin System Mediates EGF Receptor–Vitamin D Receptor Cross-Talk in Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer
Authors: Dougherty Urszula , Mustafi Reba , Sadiq Farhana , Almoghrabi Anas , Mustafi Devkumar , Kreisheh Maggi , Sundaramurthy Sumana , Liu Weicheng , Konda Vani J. , Pekow Joel , Khare Sharad , Hart John , Joseph Loren , Wyrwicz Alice , Karczmar Gregory S. , Li Yan Chun , Bissonnette Marc 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Purpose: We previously showed that EGF receptor (EGFR) promotes tumorigenesis in the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) model, whereas vitamin D suppresses tumorigenesis. EGFR–vitamin D receptor (VDR) interactions, however, are incompletely understood. Vitamin D inhibits the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), whereas RAS can activate EGFR. We aimed to elucidate EGFR–VDR cross-talk in colorectal carcinogenesis.
Experimental Design: To examine VDR–RAS interactions, we treated Vdr+/+ and Vdr−/− mice with AOM/DSS. Effects of VDR on RAS and EGFR were examined by Western blotting, immunostaining, and real-time PCR. We also examined the effect of vitamin D3 on colonic RAS in Vdr+/+ mice. EGFR regulation of VDR was examined in hypomorphic EgfrWaved2 (Wa2) and Egfrwild-type mice. Angiotensin II (Ang II)–induced EGFR activation was studied in cell culture.
Results: Vdr deletion significantly increased tumorigenesis, activated EGFR and β-catenin signaling, and increased colonic RAS components, including renin and angiotensin II. Dietary VD3 supplementation suppressed colonic renin. Renin was increased in human colon cancers. In studies in vitro, Ang II activated EGFR and stimulated colon cancer cell proliferation by an EGFR-mediated mechanism. Ang II also activated macrophages and colonic fibroblasts. Compared with tumors from EgfrWaved2 mice, tumors from Egfrwild-type mice showed upregulated Snail1, a suppressor of VDR, and downregulated VDR.
Conclusions: VDR suppresses the colonic RAS cascade, limits EGFR signals, and inhibits colitis-associated tumorigenesis, whereas EGFR increases Snail1 and downregulates VDR in colonic tumors. Taken together, these results uncover a RAS-dependent mechanism mediating EGFR and VDR cross-talk in colon cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(22); 5848–59. ©2014 AACR.
Deficient Cutaneous Antibacterial Competence in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas: Role of Th2-Mediated Biased Th17 Function
Authors: Wolk Kerstin , Mitsui Hiroshi , Witte Katrin , Gellrich Sylke , Gulati Nicholas , Humme Daniel , Witte Ellen , Gonsior Melanie , Beyer Marc , Kadin Marshall E. , Volk Hans-Dieter , Krueger James G. , Sterry Wolfram , Sabat Robert 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurpose: Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are neoplastic disorders of skin-homing T cells. Affected skin areas show morphologic similarities with alterations in other T-cell–mediated dermatoses. Furthermore, as in atopic dermatitis but in contrast with psoriasis, patients with CTCL are frequently afflicted by cutaneous bacterial infections that support the survival of lymphoma cells. Our aim was to investigate the mechanisms of elevated susceptibility to cutaneous infections in patients with CTCL.Experimental Design: Skin samples from CTCL, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis patients were used to illuminate the antibacterial competence status and the presence of its modulating cytokines. For substantiation of findings, 3-dimensional epidermis models, isolated and in vitro generated Th-subpopulations, were applied. Parameters were analyzed via qPCR and IHC.Results: CTCL lesions compared with psoriatic lesions presented an impaired upregulation of antibacterial proteins (ABPs), with levels even below those in atopic dermatitis. This was associated with a relative deficiency of the ABP-inducing cytokine IL-17 and a strong presence of the ABP-downregulating cytokine IL-13. The simultaneous presence of the Th17-cell cytokine IL-26 indicated that IL-17 deficiency in CTCL lesions results from functional deviation of Th17 cells. Accordingly, IL-17 but not IL-26 production by Th17 cells in vitro was inhibited by IL-4Rα ligand. Levels of other ABP inducers were comparable between CTCL and psoriasis lesions. The same was true about IL-22/TNF-α targets, including the keratinocyte hyper-regeneration marker K16 and the matrix-degrading enzyme MMP1.Conclusion: Our results suggest that the cutaneous bacterial infections in CTCL are caused by impaired ABP induction as consequence of Th2-mediated biased Th17-cell function. Clin Cancer Res; 20(21); 5507–16. ©2014 AACR.