bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionizing radiation increases primary cilia incidence and induces multiciliation in C2C12 myoblasts
Authors: Filipová Alžběta , Diaz‐Garcia Daniel , Bezrouk Aleš , Čížková Dana , Havelek Radim , Vávrová Jiřina , Dayanithi Govindan , Řezacová Martina 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPrimary cilia act as physical‐chemical sensors and their functions include the perception of the extracellular milieu, regulation of organogenesis, and cell polarity. In general, these cells are monociliated and the single cilium possesses diverse receptors and channels which are involved in morphogenesis and growth signaling, and are, therefore, important for cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we used an in vitro model of C2C12 myoblasts to evaluate the effect of DNA damage induced by gamma ionizing radiation on primary cilia incidence. A significantly higher number of ciliated cells were observed after 1 day post‐irradiation with 2–20 Gy when compared with non‐irradiated cells. After 3 days post‐irradiation, the cilia incidence in cells had decreased slightly when treated with 2, 6, and 10 Gy, although an increase in incidence rate was observed in cells treated with 20 Gy. Multi‐ciliated cells were also detected in myoblasts irradiated with 10 and 20 Gy but not in non‐irradiated cells or after low irradiation (2–6 Gy). Irradiation also caused a dose‐dependent decrease in cell viability and proliferation and corresponding cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, an activation of caspases 3/7, 8, and 9 was observed after higher radiation (10 and 20 Gy) with increased apoptosis. Together, our results show that irradiation by gamma rays promotes myoblast ciliogenesis, with pronounced effects observed after 3 days post‐irradiation. We conclude that irradiation doses of 10 and 20 Gy are sufficient to induce cell death and are responsible for the formation of multiple cilia originating from multiple basal bodies.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) promotes myoblast proliferation and skeletal muscle growth of embryonic chickens via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway
Authors: Yu Minli , Wang Huan , Xu Yali , Yu Debing , Li Dongfeng , Liu Xiuhong , Du Wenxing 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDuring embryonic development, IGF‐1 fulfils crucial roles in skeletal myogenesis. However, the involvement of IGF‐1‐induced myoblast proliferation in muscle growth is still unclear. In the present study, we have characterised the role of IGF‐1 in myoblast proliferation both in vitro and in vivo and have revealed novel details of how exogenous IGF‐1 influences myogenic genes in chicken embryos. The results show that IGF‐1 significantly induces the proliferation of cultured myoblasts in a dose‐dependent manner. Additionally, the IGF‐1 treatment significantly promoted myoblasts entering a new cell cycle and increasing the mRNA expression levels of cell cycle‐dependent genes. However, these effects were inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and the Akt inhibitor KP372‐1. These data indicated that the pro‐proliferative effect of IGF‐1 was mediated in response to the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Moreover, we also showed that exogenous IGF‐1 stimulated myoblast proliferation in vivo. IGF‐1 administration obviously promoted the incorporation of BrdU and remarkably increased the number of PAX7‐positive cells in the skeletal muscle of chicken embryos. Administration of IGF‐1 also significantly induced the upregulation of myogenic factors gene, the enhancement of c‐Myc and the inhibition of myostatin (Mstn) expression. These findings demonstrate that IGF‐1 has strong activity as a promoter of myoblast expansion and muscle fiber formation during early myogenesis. Therefore, this study offers insight into the mechanisms responsible for IGF‐1‐mediated stimulation of embryonic skeletal muscle development, which could have important implications for the improvement of chicken meat production.
Asymmetric Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation under Solventless Conditions in Ball Mills
Authors: Jörres Manuel , Aceña José Luis , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Bolm Carsten 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSolventless asymmetric alkylation of a nickel complex in a ball mill led to α‐amino acid precursors with essentially complete stereochemical control; this outcome is generally superior to that obtained for analogous reactions performed in solution. Extension to aldol chemistry and the potential of the ball‐milling technique in “one‐pot” asymmetric alkylation/click reaction sequences were demonstrated.
In Situ Generated Catalyst System to Convert Biomass‐Derived Levulinic Acid to γ‐Valerolactone
Authors: Tang Xing , Zeng Xianhai , Li Zheng , Li Weifeng , Jiang Yetao , Hu Lei , Liu Shijie , Sun Yong , Lin Lu 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis is the first report of HCl/ZrO(OH)2 catalysts prepared in situ by the autonomous decomposition of ZrOCl2⋅8 H2O in levulinic acid (LA)/2‐butanol solution, which catalyzed the esterification of LA in tandem with hydrocyclization to γ‐valerolactone (GVL) by Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reduction without the use of external H2. A maximum GVL yield of 92.4 % from neat LA and a GVL formation rate of 1092.2 μmol g−1 min−1 were achieved in 2‐butanol at 240 °C in 2 h. The in situ generated ZrO(OH)2 was characterized comprehensively and its unexpected catalytic efficiency was attributed mainly to its extremely high surface area. A crude LA stream from the acid hydrolysis of cellulose was extracted into 2‐butanol and subjected to this catalyst system to give a GVL yield of 82.0 % even in the presence of humins.
Predicting Permeate Fluxes and Rejection Rates in Reverse Osmosis and Tight‐Nanofiltration Processes
Authors: Lopes Gustavo H. , Ibaseta Nelson , Guichardon Pierrette , Haldenwang Pierre 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe performance of reverse osmosis and tight nanofiltration with flat‐sheet membranes can be predicted accurately. The proposed numerical model solves the local momentum and mass conservation equations in the module's feed channel with solution‐diffusion boundary conditions. Both qualitative and quantitative predictions of the permeate flux and of the rejection rate are obtained with an accuracy depending on the limitations of the solution‐diffusion model for describing membrane mass transport and on the value of solute permeability. As an extension of the applications to plate‐and‐frame modules, the ability to describe the performance of processes carried out with spiral‐wound modules is also tested with own desalination experiments and with data from the literature.
Theoretical Studies on the Asymmetric Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation Reaction of 4‐Phenylcyclohexanone with m‐Chloroperoxobenzoic Acid Catalyzed by Chiral Scandium(III)–N,N′‐Dioxide Complexes
Authors: Yang Na , Su Zhishan , Feng Xiaoming , Hu Changwei 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe mechanism and enantioselectivity of the asymmetric Baeyer–Villiger oxidation reaction between 4‐phenylcyclohexanone and m‐chloroperoxobenzoic acid (m‐CPBA) catalyzed by ScIII–N,N′‐dioxide complexes were investigated theoretically. The calculations indicated that the first step, corresponding to the addition of m‐CPBA to the carbonyl group of 4‐phenylcyclohexanone, is the rate‐determining step (RDS) for all the pathways studied. The activation barrier of the RDS for the uncatalyzed reaction was predicted to be 189.8 kJ mol−1. The combination of an ScIII–N,N′‐dioxide complex and the m‐CBA molecule can construct a bifunctional catalyst in which the Lewis acidic ScIII center activates the carbonyl group of 4‐phenylcyclohexanone while m‐CBA transfers a proton, which lowers the activation barrier of the addition step (RDS) to 86.7 kJ mol−1. The repulsion between the m‐chlorophenyl group of m‐CPBA and the 2,4,6‐iPr3C6H2 group of the N,N′‐dioxide ligand, as well as the steric hindrance between the phenyl group of 4‐phenylcyclohexanone and the amino acid skeleton of the N,N′‐dioxide ligand, play important roles in the control of the enantioselectivity.
Controllable Assembly and Separation of Colloidal Nanoparticles through a One‐Tube Synthesis Based on Density Gradient Centrifugation
Authors: Qi Xiaohan , Li Minglin , Kuang Yun , Wang Cheng , Cai Zhao , Zhang Jin , You Shusen , Yin Meizhen , Wan Pengbo , Luo Liang , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSelf‐assembly of gold nanoparticles into one‐dimensional (1D) nanostructures with finite primary units was achieved by introducing a thin salt (NaCl) solution layer into density gradient before centrifugation. The electrostatic interactions between Au nanoparticles would be affected and cause 1D assembly upon passing through the salt layer. A negatively charged polymer such as poly(acrylic acid) was used as an encapsulation/stabilization layer to help the formation of 1D Au assemblies, which were subsequently sorted according to unit numbers at succeeding separation zones. A centrifugal field was introduced as the external field to overcome the random Brownian motion of NPs and benefit the assembly effect. Such a facile “one‐tube synthesis” approach couples assembly and separation in one centrifuge tube by centrifuging once. The method can be tuned by changing the concentration of interference salt layer, encapsulation layer, and centrifugation rate. Furthermore, positively charged fluorescent polymers such as perylenediimide‐poly(N,N‐diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) could encapsulate the assemblies to give tunable fluorescence properties.
Vinylic MIDA Boronates: New Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Aza‐Heterocycles
Authors: Llona‐Minguez Sabin , Desroses Matthieu , Ghassemian Artin , Jacques Sylvain A. , Eriksson Lars , Isacksson Rebecka , Koolmeister Tobias , Stenmark Pål , Scobie Martin , Helleday Thomas 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA two‐step synthesis of structurally diverse pyrrole‐containing bicyclic systems is reported. ortho‐Nitro‐haloarenes coupled with vinylic N‐methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) boronates generate ortho‐vinyl‐nitroarenes, which undergo a “metal‐free” nitrene insertion, resulting in a new pyrrole ring. This novel synthetic approach has a wide substrate tolerance and it is applicable in the preparation of more complex “drug‐like” molecules. Interestingly, an ortho‐nitro‐allylarene derivative furnished a cyclic β‐aminophosphonate motif.
Copper‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Trisubstituted Allylic and Homoallylic Alcohols
Authors: Lei Jian , Liu Xiaowu , Zhang Shaolin , Jiang Shuang , Huang Minhao , Wu Xiaoxing , Zhu Qiang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn efficient copper‐catalyzed trifluoromethylation of trisubstituted allylic and homoallylic alcohols with Togni’s reagent has been developed. This strategy, accompanied by a double‐bond migration, leads to various branched CF3‐substituted alcohols by using readily available trisubstituted cyclic/acyclic alcohols as substrates. Moreover, for alcohols in which β‐H elimination is prohibited, CF3‐containing oxetanes are isolated as the sole product.
Synthesis and Characterization of Biphenylene‐Containing Diazaacenes
Authors: Biegger Philipp , Schaffroth Manuel , Patze Christian , Tverskoy Olena , Rominger Frank , H. F. Bunz Uwe 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe describe the efficient synthesis of substituted benzo[3,4]cyclobuta[1,2‐b]phenazine, benzo[3,4]cyclobuta[1,2]benzo[1,2‐i]phenazine, and benzo[3,4]cyclobuta[1,2‐b]naphtho[2,3‐i]phenazine by a condensation reaction of aromatic diamines with the stable biphenylene‐2,3‐dione.
Improving Singlet Oxygen Resistance during Photochemical Water Oxidation by Cobalt Porphyrin Catalysts
Authors: Nakazono Takashi , Parent Alexander R. , Sakai Ken 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEnabling the production of solar fuels on a global scale through artificial photosynthesis requires the development of water oxidation catalysts with significantly improved stability. The stability of photosystems is often reduced owing to attack by singlet oxygen, which is produced during light harvesting. Here, we report photochemical water oxidation by CoFPS, a fluorinated Co‐porphyrin designed to resist attack by singlet oxygen. CoFPS exhibits significantly improved stability relative to its non‐fluorinated analogue, as shown by a large increase in turnover numbers. This increased stability results from resistance of CoFPS to attack by singlet oxygen, the formation of which was monitored in situ by using 9,10‐diphenylanthracene as a chemical probe. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirms that CoFPS remains homogeneous, proving its stability during water oxidation catalysis.
Highly Active Phosphine‐Free Bifunctional Iron Complex for Hydrogenation of Bicarbonate and Reductive Amination
Authors: Thai Trieu‐Tien , Mérel Delphine S. , Poater Albert , Gaillard Sylvain , Renaud Jean‐Luc 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBased on a “transition metal frustrated Lewis pair” approach, a cyclopentadienone iron tricarbonyl complex has been designed and applied in the reductive amination and hydrogenation of bicarbonate. This well‐defined phosphine‐free complex displays the best activities reported to date for an iron complex in the reduction of bicarbonate into formate and in reductive amination.
BiomassPyrolysisRefinery – Herstellung von nachhaltigen Treibstoffen
Authors: Schwaiger Nikolaus , Feiner Roland , Pucher Hannes , Ellmaier Lisa , Ritzberger Jürgen , Treusch Klara , Pucher Peter , Siebenhofer Matthäus 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn der BiomassPyrolysisRefinery wird Lignocellulose in zwei Stufen verflüssigt. In der ersten Stufe wird Lignocellulose durch Flüssigphasenpyrolyse (FPP) in flüssige und feste Zwischenprodukte umgewandelt. Erprobt wird die FFP im Pilotmaßstab in der OMV Raffinerie Schwechat. Dabei entstehen aus der Biomasse Flüssigphasenpyrolyseöl, Pyrolysekohle, Gase und 10 – 20 % flüssige Pyrolyseprodukte, die direkt in der Raffinierie zu Treibstoffen weiterverwertet werden. In der zweiten Stufe wird Pyrolysekohle in Tetralin als Wasserstoffdonor verflüssigt und das Flüssigphasenpyrolyseöl durch Hydrodeoxygenierung unter Wasserstoffdruck in flüssigen Treibstoff umgewandelt.
Nanoporous Ru as a Carbon‐ and Binder‐Free Cathode for Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Liao Kaiming , Zhang Tao , Wang Yongqing , Li Fujun , Jian Zelang , Yu Haijun , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPorous carbon‐free cathodes are critical to achieve a high discharge capacity and efficient cycling for rechargeable Li–O2 battery. Herein, we present a very simple method to directly grow nanoporous Ru (composed of polycrystalline particles of ∼5 nm) on one side of a current collector of Ni foam via a galvanic replacement reaction. The resulting Ru@Ni can be employed as a carbon‐ and binder‐free cathode for Li–O2 batteries and delivers a specific capacity of 3720 mAh gRu−1 at a current density of 200 mA gRu−1. 100 cycles of continuous discharge and charge are obtained at a very narrow terminal voltage window of 2.75∼3.75 V with a limited capacity of 1000 mAh gRu−1. The good performance of the nanoporous Ru@Ni cathode can be mainly attributed to the effective suppression of the by‐products related to carbon or binder, the good adhesion of the catalyst to the current collector, and the good permeation of O2 and electrolyte into the active sites of the nanoporous Ru with the open pore system. This new type electrode provides a snapshot toward developing high‐performance carbon‐ and binder‐free Li–O2 batteries.
Incorporation of a Metal Oxide Interlayer using a Virus‐Templated Assembly for Synthesis of Graphene‐Electrode‐Based Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Lee Yong Man , Kim Wanjung , Kim Young Hun , Kim Jung Kyu , Jang Ji‐ryang , Choe Woo‐Seok , Park Jong Hyeok , Yoo Pil J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTransition metal oxide (TMO) thin films have been exploited as interlayers for charge extraction between electrodes and active layers in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Additionally, graphene‐electrode‐based OPVs have received considerable attention as a means to enhance device stability. However, the film deposition process of a TMO thin‐film layer onto the graphene electrode is highly restricted owing to the hydrophobic nature of the graphene surface; thus, the preparation of the device should rely on a vacuum process that is incompatible with solution processing. In this study, we present a novel means for creating a thin tungsten oxide (WO3) interlayer on a graphene electrode by employing an engineered biotemplate of M13 viruses, whereby nondestructive functionalization of the graphene and uniform synthesis of a WO3 thin interlayer are concurrently achieved. As a result, the incorporated virus‐templated WO3 interlayer exhibited solar‐conversion efficiency that was 20 % higher than that of conventional OPVs based on the use of a (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) interlayer. Notably, bilayer‐structured OPVs with synergistically integrated WO3/PEDOT:PSS achieved >60 % enhancement in device performance.
A bio‐inspired OSPF path selection scheme based on an adaptive attractor selection model
Authors: Gong Weibing , Yang Xiaolong , Zhang Min , Long Keping 
Published: March 2015

SummaryCurrent Internet Protocol routers only support equal cost multi‐path routing, which performs the random path selection or the traffic uniform distribution among equal‐cost paths. In biology, an adaptive attractor selection model is presented to simulate the concentration changes of two kinds of Escherichia coli's mRNA in changing nutrition environments with bistability equations. Inspired by the metabolism behaviors of E. coli, we propose an adaptive path selection scheme Open Shortest Path First‐path selection by attractor selection to dynamically select the transmission path by the real‐time path quality. Here, the mRNA concentration is analogous to the path quality. Then, to reflect the multipath quality, multi‐stability equations are adopted and redesigned. Our scheme consists of two main features. The first one is a redefined path‐activity to indicate multipath transmission goodness, which is inversely proportional to the offset between current path quality and best path quality. And the second one is a new attractor expression of the multi‐stability equations to concretely specify the effect of a stochastic item noise in the equations on the path selection. Compared with the greedy selection and the uniform random selection in file transfer protocol (FTP) service, our scheme gains better performance on reducing file transmission time, traffic throughput, and traffic dropped. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An exploratory examination of patient and parental self‐efficacy as predictors of weight gain in adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Byrne Catherine E. , Accurso Erin C. , Arnow Katherine D. , Lock James , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine whether increases in adolescent or parental self‐efficacy predicted subsequent weight gain in two different therapies for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodParticipants were 121 adolescents with AN (M = 14.4 years, SD = 1.6), from a two‐site randomized clinical trial for family‐based treatment (FBT) and individual adolescent focused therapy (AFT). Both adolescent and parental self‐efficacy were assessed at baseline and sessions 2, 4, 6, and 8. Adolescent self‐efficacy was assessed using a generic measure of self‐efficacy, while parental self‐efficacy was assessed using a measure specific to the recovery of an eating disorder. Weight was assessed at baseline, sessions 1 through 8, and end of treatment. Mixed‐effects models were used to evaluate the relation between patient and parent self‐efficacy and subsequent weight gain, controlling for weight at the previous time point.ResultsFor families who received FBT, greater within‐treatment increases in parental self‐efficacy predicted greater subsequent adolescent weight gain compared to those who received FBT with lesser change in parental self‐efficacy and those who received AFT. Interestingly, adolescent self‐efficacy did not significantly predict subsequent weight gain.DiscussionGreater increases in parental self‐efficacy predicted significantly greater subsequent weight gain for adolescents who received FBT, but the same was not true for adolescents who received AFT. Neither overall level nor change in adolescent self‐efficacy significantly predicted subsequent weight gain in either treatment group. These findings emphasize the importance of increasing parental self‐efficacy in FBT in order to impact adolescent weight outcomes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:883–888)
Prevalence of and familial influences on purging disorder in a community sample of female twins
Authors: Munn‐Chernoff Melissa A. , Keel Pamela K. , Klump Kelly L. , Grant Julia D. , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Madden Pamela A.F. , Heath Andrew C. , Duncan Alexis E. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivePurging disorder (PD) was recently included as an otherwise specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) in the DSM‐5; however, limited information is available on its prevalence, and its etiology is unknown.MethodData from 1,790 monozygotic and 1,440 dizygotic European American female twins (age range = 18–29 years) from the Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study were used to investigate prevalence and familial influences for PD. A structured clinical interview assessed lifetime DSM‐IV criteria for eating disorders and PD. After adjustment for age, twin correlations and biometrical twin models were used to estimate familial (i.e., genetic plus shared environmental) influences on PD.ResultsOne hundred and twenty one (3.77%; 95% CI: 3.14, 4.49) women met criteria for lifetime PD. Twin correlations suggested that genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmental factors influenced liability to PD. Nonshared environmental factors accounted for 56% [35%, 79%] of the variance in PD. Although familial effects accounted for a significant proportion of variance (44% [21%, 65%]), it was not possible to disentangle the independent contributions of additive genetic effects (20% [0%, 65%]) and shared environmental effects (24% [0%, 57%]).DiscussionPD is a prevalent form of eating pathology. Familial factors are relevant to the development of PD but do not demonstrate the magnitude of heritable factors found for other eating disorders. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:601–606)
Polyandry in dragon lizards: inbred paternal genotypes sire fewer offspring
Authors: Frère Celine H. , Chandrasoma Dani , Whiting Martin J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMultiple mating in female animals is something of a paradox because it can either be risky (e.g., higher probability of disease transmission, social costs) or provide substantial fitness benefits (e.g., genetic bet hedging whereby the likelihood of reproductive failure is lowered). The genetic relatedness of parental units, particularly in lizards, has rarely been studied in the wild. Here, we examined levels of multiple paternity in Australia's largest agamid lizard, the eastern water dragon (Intellagama lesueurii), and determined whether male reproductive success is best explained by its heterozygosity coefficient or the extent to which it is related to the mother. Female polyandry was the norm: 2/22 clutches (9.2%) were sired by three or more fathers, 17/22 (77.2%) were sired by two fathers, and only 3/22 (13.6%) clutches were sired by one father. Moreover, we reconstructed the paternal genotypes for 18 known mother–offspring clutches and found no evidence that females were favoring less related males or that less related males had higher fitness. However, males with greater heterozygosity sired more offspring. While the postcopulatory mechanisms underlying this pattern are not understood, female water dragons likely represent another example of reproduction through cryptic means (sperm selection/sperm competition) in a lizard, and through which they may ameliorate the effects of male‐driven precopulatory sexual selection.