bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source character, mixing, fractionation and alkali metasomatism in Palaeoproterozoic greenstone dykes, Dannemora area, NE Bergslagen region, Sweden
Authors: DAHLIN PETER , JOHANSSON ÅKE , ANDERSSON ULF B. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe geochemical and isotopic characteristics of metamorphosed Svecofennian mafic dykes from the Dannemora area in the NE part of the Bergslagen region in central Sweden were investigated and compared to mafic intrusive rocks in their vicinity. The dykes, with an inferred age ofc. 1860–1870 Ma, are calc-alkaline, sub-alkaline and basaltic in composition and have a mixed subduction and within-plate geochemical affinity. They are the result of mixing of at least three mantle source components with similar basaltic major element composition, but different concentrations of incompatible trace elements. Magma M1 is strongly enriched both in Rare Earth Elements (REE) and High-Field-Strength Elements (HFSE); magma M2 is highly enriched in Large-Ion Lithophile Elements (LILE, except Sr) with only moderate enrichment in HFSE and REE (particularly low in Heavy Rare Earth Elements); and magma M3 is enriched in Sr and has a flat REE profile. Magma M3 also has a somewhat more positive (depleted) initialεNdvalue of +1.8, compared to +0.4 to +0.5 for magmas M1 and M2. The magma evolution was controlled by a mixture of fractionation (mainly affecting the compatible elements) and mixing, best seen in the incompatible element concentrations and the Nd isotope data. The basaltic overall composition indicates little or no wholesale contamination by upper continental crust, but the dykes have undergone later metasomatic changes mainly affecting the alkali elements.
A FROBENIUS QUESTION RELATED TO ACTIONS ON CURVES IN CHARACTERISTIC P
Authors: GLASS DARREN B. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe consider which integers g can occur as the genus and of a curve defined over a field of characteristic p which admits an automorphism of degree pq, where p and q are distinct primes. This investigation leads us to consider a certain family of three-dimensional Frobenius problems and prove explicit formulas giving their solution in many cases.
ALMOST CLOSED 1-FORMS
Authors: PANDHARIPANDE R. , THOMAS R. P. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe construct an algebraic almost closed 1-form with zero scheme not expressible (even locally) as the critical locus of a holomorphic function on a non-singular variety. The result answers a question of Behrend–Fantechi. We correct here an error in our paper (D. Maulik, R Pandharipande and R. P. Thomas, Curves on K3 surfaces and modular forms, J. Topol.3 (2010) 937–996. arXiv:1001.2719v3), where an incorrect construction with the same claimed properties was proposed.
BIEMBEDDINGS OF STEINER TRIPLE SYSTEMS IN ORIENTABLE PSEUDOSURFACES WITH ONE PINCH POINT
Authors: FORBES A. D. , GRIGGS T. S. , PSOMAS C. , ŠIRÁŇ J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe prove that for all n ≡ 13 or 37 (mod 72), there exists a biembedding of a pair of Steiner triple systems of order n in an orientable pseudosurface having precisely one regular pinch point of multiplicity 2.
THE EQUIVALENCE OF RUBIN'S CONJECTURE AND THE ETNC/LRNC FOR CERTAIN BIQUADRATIC EXTENSIONS
Authors: BUCKINGHAM PAUL 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFor an abelian extensionL/Kof number fields, the Equivariant Tamagawa Number Conjecture (ETNC) ats= 0, which is equivalent to the Lifted Root Number Conjecture (LRNC), implies Rubin's Conjecture by work of Burns [3]. We show that, for relative biquadratic extensionsL/Ksatisfying a certain condition on the splitting of places, Rubin's Conjecture in turn implies the ETNC/LRNC. We conclude with some examples.
AN OPERATOR SUMMABILITY OF SEQUENCES IN BANACH SPACES
Authors: KARN ANIL KUMAR , SINHA DEBA PRASAD 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLet 1 ≤ p < ∞. A sequence 〈 xn 〉 in a Banach space X is defined to be p-operator summable if for each 〈 fn 〉 ∈ lw*p(X*) we have 〈〈 fn(xk)〉k〉n ∈ lsp(lp). Every norm p-summable sequence in a Banach space is operator p-summable whereas in its turn every operator p-summable sequence is weakly p-summable. An operator T ∈ B(X, Y) is said to be p-limited if for every 〈 xn 〉 ∈ lpw(X), 〈 Txn 〉 is operator p-summable. The set of all p-limited operators forms a normed operator ideal. It is shown that every weakly p-summable sequence in X is operator p-summable if and only if every operator T ∈ B(X, lp) is p-absolutely summing. On the other hand, every operator p-summable sequence in X is norm p-summable if and only if every p-limited operator in B(lp', X) is absolutely p-summing. Moreover, this is the case if and only if X is a subspace of Lp(μ) for some Borel measure μ.
SUBMODULES OF COMMUTATIVE C*-ALGEBRAS
Authors: MIHEISI NAZAR 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper we generalise a result of Izuchi and Suárez (K. Izuchi and D. Suárez, Norm-closed invariant subspaces in L∞ and H∞, Glasgow Math. J. 46 (2004), 399–404) on the shift invariant subspaces of $L^\infty(\mathbb{T})$ to the non-commutative setting. Considering these subspaces as $C(\mathbb{T})$-modules contained in $L^\infty(\mathbb{T})$, we show that under some restrictions, a similar description can be given for the ${\mathfrak{B}}$-submodules of ${\mathfrak{A}}$, where ${\mathfrak{A}}$ is a C*-algebra and ${\mathfrak{B}}$ is a commutative C*-subalgebra of ${\mathfrak{A}}$. We use this to give a description of the $\mathbb{M}_n({\mathfrak{B}})$-submodules of $\mathbb{M}_n({\mathfrak{A}})$.
ROUNDNESS PROPERTIES OF ULTRAMETRIC SPACES
Authors: FAVER TIMOTHY , KOCHALSKI KATELYNN , MURUGAN MATHAV KISHORE , VERHEGGEN HEIDI , WESSON ELIZABETH , WESTON ANTHONY 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMotivated by a classical theorem of Schoenberg, we prove that an n + 1 point finite metric space has strict 2-negative type if and only if it can be isometrically embedded in the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ of dimension n but it cannot be isometrically embedded in any Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^{r}$ of dimension r < n. We use this result as a technical tool to study ‘roundness’ properties of additive metrics with a particular focus on ultrametrics and leaf metrics. The following conditions are shown to be equivalent for a metric space (X,d): (1) X is ultrametric, (2) X has infinite roundness, (3) X has infinite generalized roundness, (4) X has strict p-negative type for all p ≥ 0 and (5) X admits no p-polygonal equality for any p ≥ 0. As all ultrametric spaces have strict 2-negative type by (4) we thus obtain a short new proof of Lemin's theorem: Every finite ultrametric space is isometrically embeddable into some Euclidean space as an affinely independent set. Motivated by a question of Lemin, Shkarin introduced the class $\mathcal{M}$ of all finite metric spaces that may be isometrically embedded into ℓ2 as an affinely independent set. The results of this paper show that Shkarin's class $\mathcal{M}$ consists of all finite metric spaces of strict 2-negative type. We also note that it is possible to construct an additive metric space whose generalized roundness is exactly ℘ for each ℘ ∈ [1, ∞].
Novel laryngoscopic strategies to improve evaluation of the site and extent of primary hypopharyngeal tumours
Authors: Ni X-G , Cheng R-R , Lai S-Q , Zhang L , He S , Zhang Y-M , Wang G-Q 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjective:To investigate different strategies for displaying the hypopharynx and oesophageal entrance during laryngoscopy for hypopharyngeal cancer.Patients and methods:A total of 113 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer underwent laryngoscopy prior to surgery. The hypopharynx was displayed by: (1) pulling the anterior cervical skin; (2) having the patient perform the Valsalva balloon-blowing manoeuvre; and (3) injecting oxygen through the biopsy channel to expose the oesophageal entrance. The effect of these methods on visualisation of primary tumour size and extent was assessed.Results:During pronunciation of the letter ‘e', the hypopharynx was displayed in only 33 patients (29.2 per cent); with anterior cervical skin traction plus the balloon-blowing manoeuvre, the hypopharynx was displayed in 106 patients (93.8 per cent; p < 0.001). The combined strategy was superior especially when judging the extent of posterior pharyngeal wall and postcricoid invasion. Oesophageal entrance involvement was visible in 33 patients upon injecting oxygen through the laryngoscopic biopsy channel, and in 25 patients during radiological examination; laryngoscopy was superior to radiological examination in determining the extent of oesophageal entrance invasion (p = 0.003).Conclusion:Adequate laryngoscopic display of the hypopharynx could increase the accuracy of pre-treatment hypopharyngeal cancer staging.
Musical ear syndrome in adult cochlear implant patients
Authors: Low W-K , Tham C A , D'Souza V-D , Teng S-W 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjective:Except for a single case report, musical ear syndrome in cochlear implantees has not been studied. We aimed to study the prevalence and nature of musical ear syndrome among adult cochlear implant patients, as well as the effect on their emotional well-being.Study design, patients and intervention:A cross-sectional survey of patients aged 18 years and above who had received cochlear implants for profound hearing loss between 1997 and 2010.Results:Of the 82 patients studied, 18 (22 per cent) were found to have experienced musical ear syndrome. Seven and 11 patients had musical ear syndrome prior to and after cochlear implantation, respectively. The character of musical ear syndrome symptoms was described as instrumental music (n = 2), singing (6) or both (10). Fourteen patients reported an adverse emotional effect, with three expressing ‘intolerance’.Conclusions:In this study, 22 per cent of cochlear implantees experienced musical ear syndrome. These symptoms affected patients' emotional state, but most coped well. Musical ear syndrome can occur prior to and after cochlear implantation.
Short-term effects of escitalopram on regional brain function in first-episode drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder assessed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wang L. , Li K. , Zhang Q. , Zeng Y. , Dai W. , Su Y. , Wang G. , Tan Y. , Jin Z. , Yu X. , Si T. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundMost knowledge regarding the effects of antidepressant drugs is at the receptor level, distal from the nervous system effects that mediate their clinical efficacy. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study investigated the effects of escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), on resting-state brain function in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodFourteen first-episode drug-naive MDD patients completed two fMRI scans before and after 8 weeks of escitalopram therapy. Scans were also acquired in 14 matched healthy subjects. Data were analyzed using the regional homogeneity (ReHo) approach.ResultsCompared to controls, MDD patients before treatment demonstrated decreased ReHo in the frontal (right superior frontal gyrus), temporal (left middle and right inferior temporal gyri), parietal (right precuneus) and occipital (left superior occipital gyrus and right cuneus) cortices, and increased ReHo in the left dorsal medial prefrontal gyrus and left anterior lobe of the cerebellum. Compared to the unmedicated state, ReHo in the patients after treatment was decreased in the left dorsal medial prefrontal gyrus, the right insula and the bilateral thalamus, and increased in the right superior frontal gyrus. Compared to controls, patients after treatment displayed a ReHo decrease in the right precuneus and a ReHo increase in the left anterior lobe of the cerebellum.ConclusionsSuccessful treatment with escitalopram may be associated with modulation of resting-state brain activity in regions within the fronto-limbic circuit. This study provides new insight into the effects of antidepressants on functional brain systems in MDD.
Classical calculation of multiple-ionization cross-sections of noble gases near Bragg peak energies
Authors: Zhou Man , Zou Xianrong , Wang Shiyao , Cheng Chuan , Zhou Wang , Ma Xie , Shao Jianxiong , Chen Ximeng 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we extend our previous work of classical over barrier ionization (COBI) model to study the multiple-ionization and mean charge state of noble gases colliding with heavy ions at energies close to the Bragg peak region ranging up to some hundreds of keV/amu. The method we report is in good agreement with experimental data and offers the advantage of very small computation time. Therefore, this model will be extremely helpful to be included in numerical codes to calculate the charge state distribution in plasma.
Processing of the S-cone signals in the early visual cortex of primates
Authors: Xiao Youping 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe short-wavelength-sensitive (S) cones play an important role in color vision of primates, and may also contribute to the coding of other visual features, such as luminance and motion. The color signals carried by the S cones and other cone types are largely separated in the subcortical visual pathway. Studies on nonhuman primates or humans have suggested that these signals are combined in the striate cortex (V1) following a substantial amplification of the S-cone signals in the same area. In addition to reviewing these studies, this review describes the circuitry in V1 that may underlie the processing of the S-cone signals and the dynamics of this processing. It also relates the interaction between various cone signals in V1 to the results of some psychophysical and physiological studies on color perception, which leads to a discussion of a previous model, in which color perception is produced by a multistage processing of the cone signals. Finally, I discuss the processing of the S-cone signals in the extrastriate area V2.
Daily to intraseasonal oscillations at Antarctic research station Neumayer
Authors: Rimbu N. , Lohmann G. , König-Langlo G. , Necula C. , Ionita M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHigh temporal resolution (three hours) records of temperature, wind speed and sea level pressure recorded at Antarctic research station Neumayer (70°S, 8°W) during 1982–2011 are analysed to identify oscillations from daily to intraseasonal timescales. The diurnal cycle dominates the three-hourly time series of temperature during the Antarctic summer and is almost absent during winter. In contrast, the three-hourly time series of wind speed and sea level pressure show a weak diurnal cycle. The dominant pattern of the intraseasonal variability of these quantities, which captures the out-of-phase variation of temperature and wind speed with sea level pressure, shows enhanced variability at timescales of ∼ 40 days and ∼ 80 days, respectively. Correlation and composite analysis reveal that these oscillations may be related to tropical intraseasonal oscillations via large-scale eastward propagating atmospheric circulation wave-trains. The second pattern of intraseasonal variability, which captures in-phase variations of temperature, wind and sea level pressure, shows enhanced variability at timescales of ∼ 35, ∼ 60 and ∼ 120 days. These oscillations are attributed to the Southern Annular Mode/Antarctic Oscillation (SAM/AAO) which shows enhanced variability at these timescales. We argue that intraseasonal oscillations of tropical climate and SAM/AAO are related to distinct patterns of climate variables measured at Neumayer.
A variationist perspective on discourse-pragmatic change in a contact setting
Authors: Levey Stephen , Groulx Karine , Roy Joseph 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe emergence ofêtre commeas a quotative verb in Canadian French is easily construed as a case of contact-induced change by virtue of its superficial similarity to the rapidly diffusingbe likequotative (Tagliamonte & D'Arcy, 2007). We pursue the inference of contact-induced change by undertaking a quantitative analysis of French and English quotatives recorded from speakers in the bilingual city of Ottawa between 2008 and 2010. A series of real-time cross sections enables the longitudinal development of the quotative system of each language to be tracked. Analysis of the data confirms thatêtre commeis a change in progress, but not a wholesale replication of its English counterpart. Although the results do not refute the role of external causation in the emergence ofêtre comme, the available evidence suggests that an external source is neither the sole, nor even the preferred, motivation for the emergence of this innovation.
Activin-A promotes the development of goat isolated secondary follicles in vitro
Authors: da Silva Cleidson Manoel Gomes , Castro Simone Vieira , Faustino Luciana Rocha , Rodrigues Giovanna Quintino , Brito Ivina Rocha , Rossetto Rafael , Saraiva Márcia Viviane Alves , Campello Claudio Cabral , Lobo Carlos Henrique , Souza Carlos Eduardo Azevedo , de Alencar Araripe Moura Arlindo , Donato Mariana Aragão Matos , Peixoto Christina Alves , de Figueiredo José Ricardo 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe role of activin-A in follicular development and on the mRNA expression levels of different genes in goat secondary follicles was evaluated. Goat secondary follicles (≥150 μm) were cultured for 18 days under control conditions or with the addition of either 50 or 100 ng/ml activin-A (Experiment 1). The mRNA levels for the genes that code for activin-A, ActR-IA, ActR-IB, ActR-IIA, ActR-IIB, follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSH-R) and P450 aromatase were measured in each condition (Experiment 2). We observed that after 6 days of culture, the antrum formation rate was higher in cultures with added activin-A than in the cultured control (P < 0.05). The addition of 50 ng/ml activin-A increased the follicular growth rate in the final third of the culture (days 12–18), resulting in a higher percentage of meiosis resumption (P < 0.05). On day 6, the addition of activin-A (50 ng/ml) increased the levels of ActR-IA mRNA compared with the cultured control (P < 0.05). After 18 days, the addition of 50 ng/ml activin-A significantly increased the levels of its own mRNA compared with the non-cultured control. Moreover, this treatment reduced the mRNA levels of P450 aromatase in comparison with the cultured control (P < 0.05). Higher levels of P450 aromatase mRNA were found for both activin-A treatments compared with the non-cultured control (P < 0.05). No difference in estradiol levels was detected among any of the tested treatments. In conclusion, the addition of activin-A to culture medium stimulated early antrum formation as well as an increase in the daily follicular growth rate and the percentage of meiosis resumption.
The Influence of the Golden Legend on pre-Reformation Culture History
Authors: Richardson Ernest Gushing 
Published: August 2013

The point of this essay is that this, work of Voragine is the occasion of certain phenomena which have been accounted for on the ground of other influences or passed by as having no explainable ground.It is introduced as an illustration of the influence of literary works in forming historical conditions and the need of a knowledge of a work itself and the quality of its influence in forming a proper understanding of the circumstances of a given period.
Notes on the New-Testament Canon of Eusebius
Authors: McGiffert Arthur Cushman 
Published: August 2013

I do not propose to enter into a discussion of the general subject of Eusebius' New-Testament canon; I desire to do little more than suggest an interpretation of the classical passage in H. E., III., 25.This is the only place in which Eusebius attempts to treat the canon systematically, and in it he is speaking purely as an historian, not as a critic. He is endeavoring to give an accurate statement of the general opinion of the orthodox church of his day in regard to the number and names of its sacred books. He does not, in this passage, apply to the various works any criterion of canonicity further than their acceptance as canonical by the orthodox church. He simply records the state of the canon; he does not endeavor to form a canon. He has nothing to do, therefore, with the nature and origin of the books which the church accepts. The church whose judgment he takes is, in the main, the church of the Orient, and in that church at this time all the works which we now call canonical (and only those) were already commonly accepted, or were becoming more and more widely accepted as such. From the standpoint, then, of canonicity, Eusebius divided the works which he mentions in this chapter into two classes: the canonical (including the homologoumena and the antilegomena), and the uncanonical (including the νϑοι and the ναпλάσματα αἱρετιχν νδρν).
The Renaissance: The Revival of Learning and Art in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries
Authors: Schaff Philip 
Published: August 2013

I.—Literature of the Renaissance……3II.—Origin, Character, and Influence of the Renaissance, 7III.—Dante Alighieri (1265–1321)……13IV.—Petrarca (1304–1372) .……22V.—Boccaccio (1313–1375) .……27VI.—Progress of Humanism in the Fifteenth Century. 31VII.—The Patrons of Letters and Arts.—Cosimo de' Medici, 33VIII.—Pope Nicolas V. as a Patron of Learning and Art. 36IX.—The Vatican Library .……39X.—The Italian Humanists of the Fifteenth Century—Salutato, Marsiglio, Bruni, Poggio, Traversari, Filelfo, Valla .……44XI.—The Greek Humanists of the Fifteenth Century—Chrysoloras, Plethon, Bessarion .…50XII.—The Second Period of Humanism—Æneas Sylvius. 55XIII.— The Last Popes of the Renaissance: Paul II., Sixtus IV., Julius II., and Leo X. 59XIV.—Lorenzo the Magnifcent (1449–1492) .…62XV.—The Platonic Academy in Florence .…64XVI.—Marsilio Ficino (1433–1499)……65XVII.—Picus of Mirandola (1463–1494)……67XVIII.—Bembo and Sadoleto………70XIX.—The Fine Arts………73XX.—The Religious Character of the Art of the Renaissance………78XXI.—Raphael (1483—1520)………81XXII.—Michel Angelo and Vittoria Colonna .…86XXIII.—The Revival of Paganism in Italy .… 93XXIV.—The State of Morals in Rome…98XXV.—The Art of Printing ……109XXVI.—The Revival of Letters in Germany .…115XXVII.—John Reuchlin and Hebrew Learning .…120XXVIII.—The Semitic Controversy. A Prelude to the Reformation ……123XXIX.—The Epistles of Obscure Men, and the Triumph of Reuchlin ………126XXX.—Erasmus and the Greek Testament .…128
A Sale You Can Dance To: Entrainment, Flexibility, and Improvisation in the Metric Practice of the American Auctioneer
Authors: MALLEY NIKKI 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAlthough most auctioneers do not self-identify as musicians, the practice of auctioneering in the United States reveals a sophisticated musical approach to metric improvisation based on the establishment of musical expectation and the strategic thwarting of that expectation through flexible treatment of meter. Auctioneers establish a “referential” meter wherein a consistent organization of the pulse returns repeatedly, alternating with expansions or contractions of that primary meter. Listeners are entrained to expect musical consistency, but through disruptions of familiar musical patterns, the auctioneer focuses bidder attention on the chant rather than the realities of the economic transaction in progress. Thus, meter is employed as an improvisational tool that unites the listening and bidding audience within a musical space and plays with expectations just enough to keep bidders alert and engaged.