bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modellbasierte Regelungsansätze für überaktuierte planetare Rover und robotische Elektromobile
Authors: Krenn Rainer , Köppern Johannes , Bünte Tilman , Brembeck Jonathan , Gibbesch Andreas , Bals Johann 
Published: March 2013

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschreibt modellbasierte Regelungsstrategien für planetare Rover und innovative Elektromobile. Trotz prinzipiell gleichen Aufbaus ihrer Fahrwerke werden doch unterschiedliche Reglerlösungen bevorzugt, deren Bandbreite in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt wird. Beide Systeme sind überaktuierte robotische Fahrzeuge, deren Regler die jeweils unabhängig ansteuerbaren Rad- und Lenkantriebe koordinieren. Im Fall des planetaren Rovers wird ein Fahrzeugmodell mit Rad-Sand-Kontaktdynamik verwendet, das innerhalb eines modellprädiktiven Reglers (MPC) zum Einsatz kommt. Für das wesentlich dynamischere Straßenfahrzeug wird der MPC-Ansatz erweitert. Zur Reduzierung der Steuerungsdimension wird ein invertiertes Modell der Fahrdynamik eingeführt und das Optimierungsproblem auf das Bestimmen von Hilfsgrößen für die verbleibenden Freiheitsgrade reduziert.
Comparison between 3D Digital and Optical Microscopes for the Surface Measurement by Computer Vision
Authors: Bogrekci Ismail , Durakbasa M. Numan , Demircioglu Pinar 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In this study, 3D digital and optical microscopes were used. The aim of this study is to compare surface roughness measurement by employing the image processing methods such as line scanning, speckle and fast fourier transform with three different samples machined by different manufacturing processes. The surface roughness results from processed images were obtained using different image analysis techniques such as Dark-light technique developed by the authors. The values calculated with the proposed method were compared with the roughness values obtained from 3D digital and optical microscopes.
Sedentary Risk Factors across Genders and Job Roles within a University Campus Workplace: Preliminary Study
Authors: Alkhatib Ahmad 
Published: March 2013

Sedentary Risk Factors across Genders and Job Roles within a University Campus Workplace: Preliminary Study: Ahmad ALKHATIB. Department of Life and Sport Science, School of Science, University of Greenwich, UKï¿½BackgroundUniversity campus administrators, predominantly females, are considered more sedentary than academics, which may lead to higher prevalence of associated health risks. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether sedentary job role and gender are reflected by sedentary risk factors within a university campus.MethodsFollowing institutional ethical approval, 80 UK university campus employees were recruited, and 34 of them (age 47.8 ï¿½ 11.9 years, height 169 ï¿½ 1.0 cm, body mass 72.0 ï¿½ 14.1 kg) were measured for their systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), blood glucose (Glu), total serum blood cholesterol (Cho), dominant (DHG) and nondominant handgrip strength (NHG), body fat percentage (Fat%), trunk flexibility (Flex), peak cardiorespiratory capacity (V . O2max), and answered a physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). The data were analyzed using two‐way ANOVA with job role and gender as independent factors, and each measured risk as a dependent factor.ResultsGender had significant effects (p<0.05), and males demonstrated higher Glu, SBP, DBP and BMI than females (p<0.05). Females had higher Flex and Fat%, and lower DHG and NHG (p<0.05). Job role neither affected measured risk factors nor interacted with gender. However, both groups demonstrated high BMI, Fat% and Glu values, with these risk factors being above the recommended healthy thresholds. IPAQ hours correlated positively with Glu (p<0.05) but with none of the remaining tests. Conclusions: Sedentary risk factors are prevalent within university employees irrespective of job role but not irrespective of gender. The results may provide a baseline for initiating tailored organizational targeted policies aimed at reducing sedentary risk factors associated with the university workplace.
Radiographic Progression of Silicosis among Japanese Tunnel Workers in Kochi
Authors: Dumavibhat Narongpon , Matsui Tomomi , Hoshino Eri , Rattanasiri Sasivimol , Muntham Dittapol , Hirota Ryoji , Eitoku Masamitsu , Imanaka Momo , Muzembo Basilua Andre , Ngatu Nlandu Roger , Kondo Shinichi , Hamada Norihiko , Suganuma Narufumi 
Published: March 2013

Radiographic Progression of Silicosis among Japanese Tunnel Workers in Kochi: Narongpon DUMAVIBHAT, et al. Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Japan—ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to investigate the natural course of silicosis in terms of radiographic progression among Japanese tunnel workers.MethodsTunnel workers with silicosis were included in our study between January 2008 and June 2011. We retrospectively assessed workers' radiographs from their first through last visits to see whether there was progression. All films were interpreted by two physicians, who had been specially trained in using the ILO (2000) International Classification of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses (ILO/ICRP). We classified the radiographic findings according to the ILO/ICRP. Survival analysis was performed and then presented as time to progression. Subgroup analysis among the progressed group was performed to demonstrate duration of progression.ResultsA total of 65 patients, who were no longer exposed to silica for the duration of the study, were included. The mean age at the first visit was 58.60 ± 7.10 years. The incidence rate of progression was 42 per 1,000 person‐years with a median time to progression of 17 years. Progression was demonstrated among 33 cases (51%). The mean durations of progression from category 1 to category 4 and category 2 to category 4 were 14.55 and 10.65 years, respectively. Most patients (86%) had radiographic change from category 1 or 2 directly to category 4.ConclusionSilicosis progressed at a relatively high rate among tunnel workers without further silica exposure. The high probability of progression directly from category 1 to category 4 may lead to further investigation for the improvement of disease prevention.
Time and Risk Preferences and the Use of Asthma Controller Medication
Authors: Brandt Sylvia , Dickinson Brenton 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVES:
We investigated the role of risk tolerance, time preference, and asthma-specific attitudes in adherence to asthma control medications.

METHODS:
Students with persistent asthma completed an online survey on asthma beliefs, risk tolerance, and time preference (n = 47). The time preference questions measure the degree to which the individual discounts future outcomes and essentially prefers immediate gratification to delayed gratification. The risk tolerance questions indicate the individual’s dislike of uncertainty about outcomes. We analyzed the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

RESULTS:
Feelings of embarrassment and concern about medication, as well as risk tolerance and time preference, were found to be significant predictors of adherence to control medication in the logistic regression. Analysis of probabilities associated with different profiles shows that at high rates of risk tolerance and discounting of future outcomes, the probability of adherence is near 0 regardless of asthma-specific attitudes. Asthma attitudes have a statistically significant effect for individuals with low rates of risk tolerance and time preference.

CONCLUSIONS:
The risk tolerance and time preferences of the target group should be considered when designing an asthma-intervention program. Individuals who strongly prefer immediate gratification over future benefits and are willing to tolerate uncertain outcomes are unlikely to adhere to controller medication, regardless of their asthma attitudes. In contrast, efforts to affect relevant attitudes will be most fruitful for individuals with low rates of risk tolerance and time preference. However, as we cannot extrapolate these results to a larger population, we must view them with caution.
US Outbreak of Human Salmonella Infections Associated With Aquatic Frogs, 2008–2011
Authors: Mettee Zarecki Shauna L. , Bennett Sarah D. , Hall Julia , Yaeger Jill , Lujan Kate , MPH RN , Adams-Cameron Marguerite , Winpisinger Quinn Kim , Brenden Rita , Biggerstaff Gwen , Hill Vincent R. , Sholtes Kari , Garrett Nancy Marie , Lafon Patti C. , Barton Behravesh Casey , Sodha Samir V. ,   on behalf of the Salmonella Typhimurium Outbreak Investigation Team
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Although amphibians are known Salmonella carriers, no such outbreaks have been reported. We investigated a nationwide outbreak of human Salmonella Typhimurium infections occurring predominantly among children from 2008 to 2011.

METHODS:
We conducted a matched case-control study. Cases were defined as persons with Salmonella Typhimurium infection yielding an isolate indistinguishable from the outbreak strain. Controls were persons with recent infection with Salmonella strains other than the outbreak strain and matched to cases by age and geography. Environmental samples were obtained from patients’ homes; traceback investigations were conducted.

RESULTS:
We identified 376 cases from 44 states from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2011; 29% (56/193) of patients were hospitalized and none died. Median patient age was 5 years (range &lt;1–86 years); 69% were children &lt;10 years old (253/367). Among 114 patients interviewed, 69 (61%) reported frog exposure. Of patients who knew frog type, 79% (44/56) reported African dwarf frogs (ADF), a type of aquatic frog. Among 18 cases and 29 controls, illness was significantly associated with frog exposure (67% cases versus 3% controls, matched odds ratio 12.4, 95% confidence interval 1.9–infinity). Environmental samples from aquariums containing ADFs in 8 patients’ homes, 2 ADF distributors, and a day care center yielded isolates indistinguishable from the outbreak strain. Traceback investigations of ADFs from patient purchases converged to a common ADF breeding facility. Environmental samples from the breeding facility yielded the outbreak strain.

CONCLUSIONS:
ADFs were the source of this nationwide pediatric predominant outbreak. Pediatricians should routinely inquire about pet ownership and advise families about illness risks associated with animals.
Development of Heart and Respiratory Rate Percentile Curves for Hospitalized Children
Authors: Bonafide Christopher P. , Brady Patrick W. , Keren Ron , Conway Patrick H. , Marsolo Keith , Daymont Carrie 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To develop and validate heart and respiratory rate percentile curves for hospitalized children and compare their vital sign distributions to textbook reference ranges and pediatric early warning score (EWS) parameters.

METHODS:
For this cross-sectional study, we used 6 months of nurse-documented heart and respiratory rates from the electronic records of 14 014 children on general medical and surgical wards at 2 tertiary-care children’s hospitals. We developed percentile curves using generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape with 67% of the patients and validated the curves with the remaining 33%. We then determined the proportion of observations that deviated from textbook reference ranges and EWS parameters.

RESULTS:
We used 116 383 heart rate and 116 383 respiratory rate values to develop and validate the percentile curves. Up to 54% of heart rate observations and up to 40% of respiratory rate observations in our sample were outside textbook reference ranges. Up to 38% of heart rate observations and up to 30% of respiratory rate observations in our sample would have resulted in increased EWSs.

CONCLUSIONS:
A high proportion of vital signs among hospitalized children would be considered out of range according to existing reference ranges and pediatric EWSs. The percentiles we derived may serve as useful references for clinicians and could be used to inform the development of evidence-based vital sign parameters for physiologic monitor alarms, inpatient electronic health record vital sign alerts, medical emergency team calling criteria, and EWSs.
Evidence of Small-Fiber Polyneuropathy in Unexplained, Juvenile-Onset, Widespread Pain Syndromes
Authors: Oaklander Anne Louise , Klein Max M. 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE:
We tested the hypothesis that acquired small-fiber polyneuropathy (SFPN), previously uncharacterized in children, contributes to unexplained pediatric widespread pain syndromes.

METHODS:
Forty-one consecutive patients evaluated for unexplained widespread pain beginning before age 21 had medical records comprehensively analyzed regarding objective diagnostic testing for SFPN (neurodiagnostic skin biopsy, nerve biopsy, and autonomic function testing), plus histories, symptoms, signs, other tests, and treatments. Healthy, demographically matched volunteers provided normal controls for SFPN tests.

RESULTS:
Age at illness onset averaged 12.3 ± 5.7 years; 73% among this poly-ethnic sample were female (P = .001). Sixty-eight percent were chronically disabled, and 68% had hospitalizations. Objective testing diagnosed definite SFPN in 59%, probable SFPN in 17%, and possible SFPN in 22%. Only 1 of 41 had entirely normal SFPN test results. Ninety-eight percent of patients had other somatic complaints consistent with SFPN dysautonomia (90% cardiovascular, 82% gastrointestinal, and 34% urologic), 83% reported chronic fatigue, and 63% had chronic headache. Neurologic examinations identified reduced sensation in 68% and vasomotor abnormalities in 55%, including 23% with erythromelalgia. Exhaustive investigations for SFPN causality identified only history of autoimmune illnesses in 33% and serologic markers of disordered immunity in 89%. Treatment with corticosteroids and/or intravenous immune globulin objectively and subjectively benefited 80% of patients (12/15).

CONCLUSIONS:
More than half among a large series of patients with childhood-onset, unexplained chronic widespread pain met rigorous, multitest, diagnostic criteria for SFPN, which extends the age range of acquired SFPN into early childhood. Some cases appeared immune-mediated and improved with immunomodulatory therapies.
Sentinel Injuries in Infants Evaluated for Child Physical Abuse
Authors: Sheets Lynn K. , Leach Matthew E. , Koszewski Ian J. , Lessmeier Ashley M. , Nugent Melodee , Simpson Pippa 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Relatively minor abusive injuries can precede severe physical abuse in infants. Our objective was to determine how often abused infants have a previous history of “sentinel” injuries, compared with infants who were not abused.

METHODS:
Case-control, retrospective study of 401, &lt;12-month-old infants evaluated for abuse in a hospital-based setting and found to have definite, intermediate concern for, or no abuse after evaluation by the hospital-based Child Protection Team. A sentinel injury was defined as a previous injury reported in the medical history that was suspicious for abuse because the infant could not cruise, or the explanation was implausible.

RESULTS:
Of the 200 definitely abused infants, 27.5% had a previous sentinel injury compared with 8% of the 100 infants with intermediate concern for abuse (odds ratio: 4.4, 95% confidence interval: 2.0–9.6; P &lt; .001). None of the 101 nonabused infants (controls) had a previous sentinel injury (P &lt; .001). The type of sentinel injury in the definitely abused cohort was bruising (80%), intraoral injury (11%), and other injury (7%). Sentinel injuries occurred in early infancy: 66% at &lt;3 months of age and 95% at or before the age of 7 months. Medical providers were reportedly aware of the sentinel injury in 41.9% of cases.

CONCLUSIONS:
Previous sentinel injuries are common in infants with severe physical abuse and rare in infants evaluated for abuse and found to not be abused. Detection of sentinel injuries with appropriate interventions could prevent many cases of abuse.
Hexavalent Chromium Accumulation by Microscopic Fungi
Authors: Hołda Anna 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to optimize the removal of Cr(VI) by means of the Trichoderma viride strain isolated from chromium mud samples a well as the Aspergillus niger and Penicillium citrinum strains from other environments. The growth of organism and removal of chromium(VI) was carried out in water solution of various chromium(VI) contents. The research was carried out at optimal pH for each fungus i.e. Aspergillus niger 4.0, Penicillium citrinum 5.0 and Trichoderma viride 4.5. During 14 days of incubation, samples of 5 ml each were collected every day in order to determine chromium(VI) content in the solution and the efficiency of bioaccumulation of this element was then specified. Furthermore, chromium contents in filtrate and mycelium were checked to verify this type of biological activity of microorganisms. The fungi culture investigated in this study could grow at 10-125 mg/l chromium concentration which indicated that it was characterized by high tolerance to various concentrations of chromium. At 125 mg/l chromium, these organisms could accumulate successfully about 90% of chromium. High tolerance of this culture can make it a potential candidate to be a heavy metal scavenger of chromium.
E Ffects of the Solubilisation of the Cod of Municipal Waste in Thermal Disintegration
Authors: Myszograj Sylwia 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This paper presents the content changes in the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) solubilised in hydrolisates obtained from thermally disintegrated municipal waste biofractions. A series of tests related to biowaste undergoing thermal treatment at the following temperatures: 55, 75, 95, 115, 135, 155 and 175°C were conducted for 0.5, 1 and 2 hours. The highest increase in COD solid fraction solubilisation (238%) was observed for the samples disintegrated at 175°C for 2 hours. The values of the reaction rate coefficient k20 = 0.6 d-1 and temperature coefficient θ = 1.023 were determined. Statistical analysis of the multiple regression (correlation coefficient R = 0.89) showed that the temperature has a greater impact on COD solid fraction solubilisation - determined β = 0.66. The multiple correlation coefficient for the treatment time was β = 0.61.
Photocatalytic, Sonolytic and Sonophotocatalytic Degradation of 4-Chloro-2-Nitro Phenol
Authors: Verma Anoop , Kaur Harmanpreet , Dixit Divya 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The photocatalytic, sonolytic and sonophotocatalytic degradation of 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol (4C2NP) using heterogeneous (TiO2) was investigated in this study. Experiments were performed in slurry mode with artificial UV 125 watt medium pressure mercury lamp coupled with ultrasound (100 W, 33+3 KHz) for sonication of the slurry. The degradation of compound was studied in terms of first order kinetics. The catalyst concentration was optimized at 1.5 gL-1, pH at 7 and oxidant concentration at 1.5 gL-1. The results obtained were quite appreciable as 80% degradation was obtained for photocatalytic treatment in 120 minutes whereas, ultrasound imparting synergistic effect as degradation achieved 96% increase in 90 minutes during sonophotocatalysis. The degradation follows the trend sonophotocatalysis > photocatalysis > sonocatalytic > sonolysis. The results of sonophotocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical compound showed that it could be used as efficient and environmentally friendly technique for the complete degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants which will increase the chances for the reuse of wastewater.
Bottom sediments as a potential source of phosphorus in the riverine-lacustrine system of the Kośna River (Northeastern Poland)
Authors: Bigaj Izabela , Łopata Michał , Dunalska Julita , Szymański Daniel , Zieliński Rafał 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSediments from hypereutrophic Lake Łajskie localized in northeastern Poland were examined on the basis of P-fraction. The sediments were collected at five sampling sites. In the investigated lake, the rank order of P-fractions was HCl-P > BD-P > NH4Cl-P > NaOH - nrP. The loosely sorbed phosphorus NH4Cl-P represented < 3% of the sedimentary inorganic phosphorus, while the reductant phosphorus (BD-P) ranged from 2 to 10%. The calcium bound phosphorus (HCl-P) showed considerable contribution (59-74%) to the sedimentary inorganic P-loads. BDP was the most reactive fraction in Lake Łajskie. Iron compounds and organic matter seem to play a significant role in regulating this labile P-budget.
Effect of the coagulants PAX and PIX on the embryonic development of pike (Esox lucius L.)
Authors: Bonisławska Małgorzata , Tański Adam , Nędzarek Arkadiusz , Tórz Agnieszka 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe study examined the development of pike (Esox lucius L.) roe in water containing variously concentrated coagulants PIX®113 and PAX®18, which are increasingly being used in Poland as a method of lake reclamation. The genital products came from spawners caught from a natural water body (Lake Przybiernów). The eggs were incubated in water taken from the same lake, and subjected to the process of phosphorus and iron precipitation with coagulants. Based on the results, it was found that the coagulants used in the experiment inhibit the embryogenesis of pike by the formation of aggregates falling to the bottom, reducing the percentage of live embryos and affecting the size and malformation of the hatching larvae.
Variation in the ice cover thickness on Lake Samołęskie as a result of underground water supply
Authors: Choiński Adam , Ptak Mariusz 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe character of phenomena related to freezing depends on macroscale factors and mainly on thermal conditions, but local conditions can also be of great importance in shaping the course of these phenomena. Building of ice cover can be substantially different even for neighbouring lakes as a result of different individual features such as, for example, morphometric parameters. In this study the variation in the thickness of ice cover on Lake Samołęskie (29 ha) localised in western Poland, is analysed. According to measurements performed the differences in the thickness of ice cover was significant as it varied from 20 to 33 cm. A characteristic feature was that along the west bank of the lake the ice cover was thinner and its thickness increased towards the east. Analysis of the hydrogeological data revealed that this phenomenon is related to the supply of water to the lake basin by efficient water-carrying formations. The influx of water affects the bottom layer of the ice cover. This effect is aggravated by the fact that the water is supplied under elevated pressure as evidenced by the presence of a polynia of about 10 m in diameter, over the deepest (over 20 metres deep) site in the lake. The polynia is never frozen, even during the coldest winters. The specific features of the lake illustrate the influence of local geological conditions on the character of processes taking place in lakes in general.
Spring warming period of Polish lake waters in a yearly thermal cycle
Authors: Skowron Rajmund 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe study describes thermal regimes of thirty selected Polish lakes in the spring season. The author used 35-year series of daily measurements of surface water temperature in the years 1961-2005 and the measurements of the vertical distribution of water temperature taken in tens of selected water bodies. The diversified pace of the increase in surface water temperature (SWT) during the spring warming period makes it possible to distinguish two thermal phases: the early and late phases of spring warming. The limits of those phases are marked by the dates of the disappearance of ice cover and the dates when the SWT stays well over the threshold values, which amount to 4°C and 15°C respectively. The SWT increase in the lakes (April and May) causes changes in the water’s vertical thermal structure (the formation of epi- and metalimnion) and considerable dynamics of its descriptive parameters, such as water temperature, thermal stratification coefficient, thermal gradients, heat resources, etc.