bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing spectral decomposition to determine the distribution of injected CO2 at the Snøhvit Field
Authors: White James C. , Williams Gareth A. , Grude Sissel , Chadwick R. Andrew 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTTime‐lapse 3D seismic reflection data, covering the CO2 storage operation at the Snøhvit gas field in the Barents Sea, show clear amplitude and time‐delay differences following injection. The nature and extent of these changes suggest that increased pore fluid pressure contributes to the observed seismic response, in addition to a saturation effect.Spectral decomposition using the smoothed pseudo‐Wigner–Ville distribution has been used to derive discrete‐frequency reflection amplitudes from around the base of the CO2 storage reservoir. These are utilized to determine the lateral variation in peak tuning frequency across the seismic anomaly as this provides a direct proxy for the thickness of the causative feature.Under the assumption that the lateral and vertical extents of the respective saturation and pressure changes following CO2 injection will be significantly different, discrete spectral amplitudes are used to distinguish between the two effects. A clear spatial separation is observed in the distribution of low‐ and high‐frequency tuning. This is used to discriminate between direct fluid substitution of CO2, as a thin layer, and pressure changes that are distributed across a greater thickness of the storage reservoir. The results reveal a striking correlation with findings derived from pressure and saturation discrimination algorithms based on amplitude versus offset analysis.
Imaging pre‐existing natural fractures using microseismic data
Authors: Kim Myungsun , Tak Heewon , Byun Joongmoo 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIn hydraulic fracturing treatments, locating not only hydraulic fractures but also any pre‐existing natural fractures and faults in a subsurface reservoir is very important. Hydraulic fractures can be tracked by locating microseismic events, but to identify the locations of natural fractures, an additional technique is required. In this paper, we present a method to image pre‐existing fractures and faults near a borehole with virtual reverse vertical seismic profiling data or virtual single‐well profiling data (limited to seismic reflection data) created from microseismic monitoring using seismic interferometry. The virtual source data contain reflections from natural fractures and faults, and these features can be imaged by applying migration to the virtual source data. However, the imaging zone of fractures in the proposed method is strongly dependent on the geographic extent of the microseismic events and the location and direction of the fracture. To verify our method, we produced virtual reverse vertical seismic profiling and single‐well profiling data from synthetic microseismic data and compared them with data from real sources in the same relative position as the virtual sources. The results show that the reflection travel times from the fractures in the virtual source data agree well with travel times in the real‐source data. By applying pre‐stack depth migration to the virtual source data, images of the natural fractures were obtained with accurate locations. However, the migrated section of the single‐well profiling data with both real and virtual sources contained spurious fracture images on the opposite side of the borehole. In the case of virtual single‐well profiling data, we could produce correct migration images of fractures by adopting directional redatuming for which the occurrence region of microseismic events is divided into several subdivisions, and fractures located only on the opposite side of the borehole are imaged for each subdivision.
When Second‐Best is Still a No‐Brainer: Why Labour Should Shoot for a Majority Coalition in May 2015
Authors: Yong Ben , Bale Tim 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe chances of Labour winning the 2015 general election with a comfortable overall majority are vanishingly small. It could, however, emerge as the largest party or finish just a handful of seats behind the Conservatives. Either scenario would give it at least a chance—and a bigger chance than many realise, we argue—of forming a government. In that event, Labour may be faced with a choice between getting together with another party (or parties) to form a majority coalition or else forming a minority government (either on its own or with one or more partners), which could assemble different majorities for different pieces of legislation or try to negotiate a ‘confidence and supply’ agreement. Given the precedents from the UK and overseas, we argue that, faced with this dilemma, Labour should do all it can to form a majority coalition. We also argue that Labour can learn some useful lessons from the Cameron–Clegg coalition.
Gardening the Wild: Change in the Flora and Vegetation of a Suburban Coastal Reserve 1911–2013
Authors: IVEY‐LAW MEGAN , KIRKPATRICK JAMIE B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntensively used and managed remnants of native vegetation in cities can have characteristics that result as much from ecological gardening as processes independent of humans. We test the degree to which the changes in vegetation of the Bayside Reserve, Melbourne, are consistent with the outcome we would expect from an ecologically gardened nature and to what degree they reflect ongoing processes of exotic invasion and synthetic vegetation dynamics. We compared species lists from 1911, 1971 and 2013 and sample area data from 1971 and 2013. The flora became richer and more exotic, although some native plant species lost in 1971 had been reintroduced to the reserve in 2013. Between 1971 and 2013, the vegetation increased in cover, shrub and tree density, sample areas species richness, and nativeness, the latter two results being inconsistent with the usual patterns of increasing exoticness and decline in species richness with shrub and tree encroachment. These variations from normality were likely to have resulted from the impacts of planting of natives and weeding of exotics, activity that has created combinations of species that probably never occurred in pre‐European vegetation. Although it might not be possible to return to pre‐European ecosystems within this vegetation remnant, the gardened approximation helps some locally uncommon species survive and may make people more sympathetic to nature conservation as a whole.
Feasibility of Including Green Tea Products for an Analytically Verified Dietary Supplement Database
Authors: Saldanha Leila , Dwyer Johanna , Andrews Karen , Betz Joseph , Harnly James , Pehrsson Pamela , Rimmer Catherine , Savarala Sushma 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID) is a federally funded, publicly accessible dietary supplement database that currently contains analytically derived information on micronutrients in selected adult and children's multivitamin and mineral (MVM) supplements. Other constituents in dietary supplement products such as botanicals are also of interest and thus are being considered for inclusion in the DSID. Thirty‐eight constituents, mainly botanicals were identified and prioritized by a federal interagency committee. Green tea was selected from this list as the botanical for expansion of the DSID. This article describes the process for prioritizing dietary ingredients in the DSID. It also discusses the criteria for inclusion of these ingredients, and the approach for selecting and testing products for the green tea pilot study.
What Shapes Abortion Law? – A Global Perspective
Authors: Hildebrandt Achim 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article analyses a correlate of abortion law that has not been addressed in previous research: the effects of past or present communist rule. As communists reject any moral standards that were based on religious beliefs, they liberalized abortion law after they gained power. A quantitative analysis of 170 nations shows that countries with a communist past or present have more liberal abortion laws.Moreover, abortion law tends to be more liberal, the more modern and globalized a country is and the more women are represented in the workforce and in parliament. A larger percentage of Catholics in the population, in contrast, correlates with more restrictive legislation. Some countries do not fit this general pattern and the article discusses the reasons. Based on the empirical results it goes on to present the implications of the findings for public policy: in many countries strong and persistent socioeconomic and cultural forces stand in the way of further abortion law liberalization. Under these conditions, proponents of liberalization have greater chances of success if they take a moderate stance and focus on women's health instead of women's rights.
Referral patterns for oral squamous cell carcinoma in Australia: 20 years progress
Authors: Kaing L , Manchella S , Love C , Nastri A , Wiesenfeld D 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to identify changes in referral patterns and delays in diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), managed at a tertiary institution in Victoria, Australia.MethodsThe hospital records of all patients with newly diagnosed OSCC, managed by The Royal Melbourne Hospital (RMH) Head and Neck Tumour Stream between January 2008 and December 2010, were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsOf the 101 patients, 52% first sought help from general medical practitioners (GMP) while 43% initially attended a general dental practitioner (GDP). The most common site of OSCC was oral tongue (42%). The most common presentation was ulceration (31%). Seventy per cent of patients presented with T1 (39%) or T2 (31%) tumours. The diagnostic delay ranged from 0 to 8 years with an average of 4.5 months. Patient delay ranged from 0 to 1.4 years with an average of 1.8 months. Professional delay ranged from 0 to 8 years with an average of 2 months.ConclusionsDelays in patients seeking advice have decreased compared to previous studies, while delays in professionals making a diagnosis have not improved considerably. There has been a significant shift towards initial presentation to GMP rather than GDP. Further decrease in delays is possible by improving both population awareness and clinician education.
Phosphorus conservation during post‐fire regeneration in a Chilean temperate rainforest
Authors: Seaman B. J. , Albornoz F. E. , Armesto J. J. , Gaxiola A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNitrogen and phosphorus are the main elements limiting net primary production in terrestrial ecosystems. When growing in nutrient‐poor soils, plants develop physiological mechanisms to conserve nutrients, such as reabsorbing elements from senescing foliage (i.e. nutrient retranslocation). We investigated the changes in soil N and P in post‐fire succession in temperate rainforests of southern Chile. In this area, forest recovery often leads to spatially scattered, discrete regeneration with patches varying in age, area, species richness and tree cover, representing different degrees of recovery from disturbance. We hypothesized that soil nutrient concentrations should differ among tree regenerating patches depending on the progress of forest regeneration and that nutrient resorption should increase over time as colonizing trees respond to limited soil nutrients. To evaluate these hypotheses, we sampled 40 regeneration patches in an area of 5 ha, spanning a broad range of vegetation complexity, and collected soil, tree foliage and litter samples to determine N and P concentrations. Nutrient concentrations in leaf litter were interpreted as nutrient resorption proficiency. We found that soil P was negatively correlated with all the indicators of successional progress, whereas total soil N was independent of the successional progress. Foliar N and P were unrelated to soil nutrient concentrations; however, litter N was negatively related to soil N, and litter P was positively related with soil P. Finally, foliar N:P ratios ranged from 16 to 25, which suggests that P limitation can hamper post‐fire regeneration. We provide evidence that after human‐induced fires, succession in temperate forests of Chile can become nutrient limited and that high nutrient retranslocation is a key nutrient conservation strategy for regenerating tree communities.
Investigation of Recessive Effects in Schizophrenia Using Next‐Generation Exome Sequence Data
Authors: Curtis David 
Published: March 2015

SummaryA number of gene‐wise approaches to analysis were applied to whole exome sequence data from 2545 Swedish schizophrenia cases with 2545 matched controls. A weighted burden test was used to detect dominant and additive effects. Recessive effects were investigated by testing whether there was an excess of cases bearing two or more rare, functional variants or whether there was an excess of cases in which both phased haplotypes carried at least one rare, functional variant. Counts for cases were compared with controls and also with the expectation under Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium. Analyses were performed using the SCOREASSOC program. No gene produced statistically significant results although COMT was highly ranked by the weighted burden test and within it the Ala72Ser polymorphism rs6267 had an uncorrected p value of 0.00003. A number of spurious results were generated, some apparently due to miscalling of homozygotes and others due to a failure to eradicate the effects of linkage disequilibrium between variants. These problems were not marked when using phased haplotypes but this method failed to produce any significant or suggestive findings. If there are exonic variants with recessive effects on the risk of schizophrenia, then the methods used were unable to detect them.
Ventricular Conduction Defects After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Single‐Institute Analysis
Authors: Kawaguchi Akira T. , D'Allessandro Cosimo , Collet Jean Philippe , Cluzel Philippe , Makri Ralouka , Leprince Pascal 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPatients with aortic stenosis tend to develop ventricular conduction problems, which are known adverse events following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Changes in ventricular conduction status after TAVI were analyzed in 195 consecutive patients from a single institute registered in FRANCE2 between February 2010 and June 2012. Among the 195 patients, 29 had a prior pacemaker implantation (+PM) and 6 had acute catastrophic hemodynamics that made a full electrocardiogram (ECG) unavailable. Among the remaining 160, PM was newly required in 28 (17.5%, PM+) but not in 132 (PM−), which included 21 (13.1%) who developed new left bundle branch block (BBB), 12 (7.5%) had right BBB, and 99 (61.9%) had no change. While PM requirement had no correlation with preoperative factors, there was significant association with the development of right BBB with Edwards Sapien/XT (P = 0.003), and new left BBB (P = 0.012) and complete heart block requiring PM with CoreValve (22.6% vs. Edwards Sapien/XT, 7.4%, P = 0.016). Whereas postoperative survival regarding PM status (+PM, PM+, PM–), vascular access, valve size or type showed no difference, delayed heart block (n = 12, Day 2 or later) was associated with poor survival (P = 0.038) compared with the remaining PM+ patients with earlier onset (n = 16, Day 0 or 1). As a result, PM+ patients (n = 28) had significantly longer intensive care unit (ICU) stay and hospitalization than PM− or +PM patients. The results suggest that ventricular conduction problems requiring PM occurred more frequently after TAVI (17.5%) than with usual surgical replacement. Nonetheless, conduction problems failed to influence postoperative survival for up to 3 years on average with use of PM, but therefore did increase medical costs.
Acetylcholine contributes to control the physiological inflammatory response during the peri‐implantation period
Authors: Paparini D. , Gori S. , Grasso E. , Scordo W. , Calo G. , Pérez Leirós C. , Ramhorst R. , Salamone G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundMaternal antigen‐presenting cells attracted to the pregnant uterus interact with trophoblast cells and modulate their functional profile to favour immunosuppressant responses. Non‐neuronal cholinergic system is expressed in human cytotrophoblast cells and in immune cells with homeostatic regulatory functions.AimThe aim of this work was to evaluate whether non‐neuronal acetylcholine conditions maternal monocyte and DC migration and activation profiles.MethodsWe used an in vitro model resembling maternal–placental interface represented by the co‐culture of human trophoblast cells (Swan‐71 cell line) and monocytes or DC.ResultsWhen cytotrophoblast cells were treated with neostigmine (Neo) to concentrate endogenous acetylcholine levels, monocyte migration was increased. In parallel, high levels of IL‐10 and decreased levels of TNF‐α were observed upon interaction of maternal monocytes with trophoblast cells. This effect was synergized by Neo and was prevented by atropine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. Similarly, trophoblast cells increased the migration of DC independently of Neo treatment; however, enhanced IL‐10 and MCP‐1 synthesis in trophoblast–DC co‐cultures with no changes in TNF‐α and IL‐6 was observed. In fact, there were no changes in HLA‐DR, CD86 or CD83 expression. Finally, trophoblast cells treated with Neo increased the expression of two antigen‐presenting cells attracting chemokines, MCP‐1, MIP‐1α and RANTES through muscarinic receptors, and it was prevented by atropine.ConclusionsOur present results support a novel role of acetylcholine synthesized by trophoblast cells to modulate antigen‐presenting cell migration and activation favouring an immunosuppressant profile that contributes to immune homeostasis maintenance at the maternal–foetal interface.
Appraisals to affect: Testing the integrative cognitive model of bipolar disorder
Authors: Palmier‐Claus Jasper E. , Dodd Alyson , Tai Sara , Emsley Richard , Mansell Warren 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveCognitive models have suggested that extreme appraisals of affective states and maladaptive affect regulation strategies are important in the development of bipolar symptomatology. Little is known about the pathway by which these appraisals and behaviours interact in the formation of activated and depressed affective states. This study tested the predictions that (1) ascent behaviours mediate the relationship between positive appraisals of activated mood and activation; and (2) descent behaviours mediate the relationship between negative appraisals of activated mood and depression.MethodA total of 52 individuals with a DSM‐IV diagnosis of bipolar I or II disorder (confirmed by structured interview) completed biweekly assessments of affect regulation behaviours and mood for 4 weeks. Positive and negative appraisals of affective states were assessed at baseline through the Hypomanic Attitudes and Positive Prediction Inventory. Multilevel mediation analysis was used to explore the data.ResultsAscent behaviours partially mediated the relationship between positive appraisals of activated mood and activation. Descent behaviours, but not negative appraisals of activated mood, predicted levels of depression indicating the absence of a mediation effect.ConclusionThe results suggest that positive appraisals of activated mood can escalate activation in individuals with bipolar disorder. Such appraisals may be inherently rewarding and reinforcing directly elevating levels of activation, whilst increasing individuals' use of ascent behaviours. The results are consistent with the view that appraisals and behaviours should be targeted during cognitive behavioural therapy for bipolar disorder.Practitioner points

It may be beneficial to target positive appraisals of activated mood in cognitive behavioural therapy for mania.

Cognitive behavioural therapists may also wish to focus on identifying and targeting individuals' use of ascent behaviours to reduce highly activated states.
Second malignancies following treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor era
Authors: Gunnarsson Niklas , Stenke Leif , Höglund Martin , Sandin Fredrik , Björkholm Magnus , Dreimane Arta , Lambe Mats , Markevärn Berit , Olsson‐Strömberg Ulla , Richter Johan , Wadenvik Hans , Wallvik Jonas , Själander Anders 
Published: March 2015

SummaryGiven that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically improved the survival of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), we were interested in examining the possible risk of long‐term adverse events, such as the emergence of other neoplasms. Therefore, we studied the development of second malignancies in 868 patients diagnosed with CML between 2002 and 2011 using the Swedish CML register, cross‐linked to the Swedish Cancer register. With a median follow‐up of 3·7 (range 0–9·9) years, 65 (7·5%) patients developed 75 second malignancies (non‐haematological), 52 of which were of the invasive type. Compared to expected rates in the background population, the risk of second malignancies was higher in the CML cohort, with a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 1·52 (95% CI 1·13–1·99). The SIR before and after the second year following diagnosis of CML was 1·58 and 1·47, respectively. Among specific cancer types, gastrointestinal and nose and throat cancer were significantly increased. Founded on a population‐based material, our results indicate that CML patients treated in the TKI era are at an increased risk of developing a second malignancy, with indications that this risk may more likely be linked to CML itself rather than to the TKI treatment.
Risk factors for pericardial effusion in adult patients receiving allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Liu Yao‐Chung , Chien Sheng‐Hsuan , Fan Nai‐Wen , Hu Ming‐Hung , Gau Jyh‐Pyng , Liu Chia‐Jen , Yu Yuan‐Bin , Liu Chun‐Yu , Hsiao Liang‐Tsai , Liu Jin‐Hwang , Chiou Tzeon‐Jye , Tzeng Cheng‐Hwai 
Published: March 2015

SummaryPericardial effusion (PE) is a rare but potentially life‐threatening complication for allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. The risk factors, aetiology, incidence and therapy are largely unclear. To investigate this issue, we reviewed 391 adult patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT between January 2003 and December 2013. Twelve out of 391 patients (3·1%) developed PE of moderate to large amounts, including 9 out of 12 patients (75%) identified as late‐onset PE. Two out of the nine patients with late‐onset PE experienced recurrent effusion. The median age at HSCT was 44·5 years (range: 22–63 years) among the 12 patients with PE and 47 years in the late‐onset patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that multiple transplant procedures was a significant risk factor for PE (P = 0·036) and a trend as risk factor in patients aged>50 years (P = 0·066). For late‐onset PE, pre‐transplant age>50 years (P = 0·032) and extensive chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD) (P = 0·006) remained statistically significant on multivariate analysis. Currently, there are no published data exploring the risk factors for post‐transplant PE in adult patients of allogeneic HSCT. Our study determined the risk factors and incidence for the post‐transplant PE, especially in the late‐onset group.