bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of an institution-based adapted physical activity programme versus a home-based self-management programme for chronic poststroke adults: protocol for a randomised controlled study
Authors: Satger Etienne , Prieur-Blanc Nicolas , Viton Jean-Michel , Auquier Pascal , Bensoussan Laurent , Cotinat Maëva 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionPhysical activity (PA) protects the cardiovascular system and reduces the risk of stroke recurrence. However, most stroke survivors have significantly lower daily PA levels than those recommended. Adapted PA programmes provide a useful means of increasing the daily PA levels of this population. PA programmes designed to encourage people walking have been found to be more effective than no intervention. Some programmes have been applied in institutional settings while others are done on an independent basis. The aim of this study will be to compare the two methods in terms of their impact on the daily walking rates of subjects with spastic hemiparesis following a chronic stroke. Secondary outcomes will include effects on walking ability, endurance, balance, quality of life and motivation for exercise.Methods and analysisThis French single-centre randomised (1:1), controlled, two-arm, parallel, single-blind study will include 40 adults with chronic stroke spastic hemiparesis who are able to walk for 6 min. The primary outcome will be the participants’ daily activity measured via the number of steps performed per day using a Stepwatch device. We expect to establish that the institution-based programme will be more effective than a self-managed programme as a means of increasing the PA of chronic stroke subjects.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by an independent National Ethics Committee (Comité de Protection des personnes Est IV). Participants will be asked to provide their signed informed consent prior to the study. The results will be disseminated via publications in the scientific literature, oral and poster presentations by partners at international scientific meetings and associations of patients.Trial registrationNCT06061770.
Dispelling the $$\sqrt{\mathcal {L}} $$ myth for the High-Luminosity LHC
Authors: Belvedere Alberto , Englert Christoph , Kogler Roman , Spannowsky Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExtrapolations of sensitivity to new interactions and standard model parameters critically inform the programme at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and potential future collider cases. To this end, statistical considerations based on inclusive quantities and established analysis strategies typically give rise to a sensitivity scaling with the square root of the luminosity, $$\sqrt{\mathcal {L}}$$

L

. This suggests only a mild sensitivity improvement for LHC’s high-luminosity phase, compared to the collected data up to the year 2025. We discuss representative analyses in top quark, Higgs boson and electroweak gauge boson phenomenology and provide clear evidence that the assumption that the sensitivity in searches and measurement scales only with $$\sqrt{\mathcal {L}}$$

L

at the High-Luminosity LHC is overly conservative at best, and unrealistic in practice. As kinematic coverage enables more targeted search strategies with sufficient statistical sensitivity, employing a multitude of features in data dispels the scaling based on more inclusive selections.
Holographic Einstein rings of a black hole with a global monopole
Authors: Zeng Xiao-Xiong , Li Li-Fang , Xu Peng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe global monopole solutions which give rise to quite unusual physical phenomena have captured considerable attention. In this paper, we study the Einstein ring of the spherically symmetric AdS black hole solution with a global monopole based on the AdS/CFT correspondence. With the help of the given response function of the QFT on the boundary, we construct the holographic images of the black hole in the bulk. Our results exhibit the absolute amplitude of total response function $$|\langle \mathcal {O}\rangle |$$

|
⟨
O
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increases with the decrease of the monopole parameter b and the temperature T. And the frequency $$\omega $$
ω
of the Gaussian source will also increase the absolute amplitude. These parameters also affects the Einstein ring. With the change of the observation position, this ring will change from the concentric stripe to a luminosity-deformed ring, or light points. And the monopole parameter has an effect on the brightness and the position of Einstein ring. All these results imply that the holographic images can be used as an effective tool to distinguish different types of black holes for fixed wave source and optical system. These theoretical proposal opens a door to gravitational phenomena on strongly correlated material. Therefore, the holographic Einstein ring is of great theoretical and experimental significance for our research. In theory, it provides us a new way to find a necessary condition for the existence of the dual black hole. And experimentally speaking, if we can realize suitable targets for observing AdS black holes successfully, we would be able to observe Einstein rings by tabletop experiments when we apply localized sources on such materials and measure their responses.
Periodic Orbit-Dividing Surfaces in Rotating Hamiltonian Systems with Two Degrees of Freedom
Authors: Katsanikas Matthaios , Wiggins Stephen 
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we extend the notion of periodic orbit-dividing surfaces (PODS) to rotating Hamiltonian systems with two degrees of freedom. First, we present a method that enables us to apply the classical algorithm for the construction of PODS [ Pechukas & McLafferty , 1973 ; Pechukas , 1981 ; Pollak & Pechukas , 1978 ; Pollak , 1985 ] in rotating Hamiltonian systems with two degrees of freedom. Then we study the structure of these surfaces in a rotating quadratic normal-form Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom.
VeriBin: A Malware Authorship Verification Approach for APT Tracking through Explainable and Functionality-Debiasing Adversarial Representation Learning
Authors: Ou Weihan , Ding Steven , Zulkernine Mohammad , Li Li Tao , Labrosse Sarah 
Published: July 2024

Malware attacks are posing a significant threat to national security, cooperate network, and public endpoint security. Identifying the Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) groups behind the attacks and grouping their activities into attack campaigns help security investigators trace their activities thus providing better security protections against future attacks. Existing Cyber Threat Intelligent (CTI) components mainly focus on malware family identification and behavior characterization, which cannot solve the APT tracking problem: while APT tracking needs one to link malware binaries of multiple families to a single threat actor, these behavior or function-based techniques are tightened up to a specific attack technique and would fail on connecting different families. Binary Authorship Attribution (AA) solutions could discriminate against threat actors based on their stylometric traits. However, AA solutions assume that the author of a binary is within a fixed candidate author set. However, real-world malware binaries may be created by a new unknown threat actor.
To address this research gap, we propose VeriBin for the Binary Authorship Verification (BAV) problem. VeriBin is a novel adversarial neural network that extracts functionality-agnostic style representations from assembly code for the AV task. The extracted style representations can be visualized and are explainable with VeriBin’s multi-head attention mechanism. We benchmark VeriBin with state-of-the-art coding style representations on a standard dataset and a recent malware-APT dataset. Given two anonymous binaries of out-of-sample authors, VeriBin can accurately determine whether they belong to the same author or not. VeriBin is resilient to compiler optimizations and robust against malware family variants.
Modeling the Diffusion of Fake and Real News through the Lens of the Diffusion of Innovations Theory
Authors: Joy Abishai , Pathak Royal , Shrestha Anu , Spezzano Francesca , Winiecki Donald 
Published: July 2024

These days, people have increasingly used social media as a go-to resource for any information need and daily news diet. In the past decade, the news ecosystem and information flow have been dramatically transformed by the popularity of such platforms. Social media users can, in fact, easily access nearly any kind of information and then spread it nearly without friction through activities such as tweets/retweets in Twitter (now X) and similar means on other social media. This seemingly innocuous activity of spreading information has a collective consequence of making social media users responsible for radical changes in the way news is distributed, including both authentic and fake news. Moreover, malicious individuals have been implicated in capitalizing on the ease of introducing and spreading information in these platforms to create misinformation, spread it to a wider audience, and subsequently influence public opinion on important topics through information diffusion. Therefore, understanding the factors that motivate a user’s decision to share is of paramount importance in understanding the information diffusion phenomenon in social media.
In this article, we propose an approach based on the Diffusion of Innovation theory to model, characterize, and compare real and fake news sharing in social media with a focus on different levels of influencing factors including innovation, communication channels, and social system. We apply that approach to identify factors related to the spread of fake news as they relate to users, the structure of news items themselves, and the networks through which news is circulated. We address the problem of predicting real and fake news sharing as a classification task and demonstrate the potentials of the proposed features by achieving an AUROC of around 0.97 and an average precision ranging from 0.88 to 0.95, consistently outperforming baseline models with a higher margin (at least 13% of average precision). In addition, we also found out that empirically identifiable characteristics of news items themselves and users who share news are the strongest element allowing accurate prediction of real and fake news sharing, followed by network-based features. Moreover, our proposed approach can be effectively used to model news diffusion as a multi-step propagation process.
Effect of Temperature on the Corrosion Behavior of a Al2Cr5Cu5Fe53Ni35 Multi-Principal Element Alloy (MPEA) in Simulated Soil Environments
Authors: Narayanan Deeparekha , Esmacher Olivia , Xue Lufeng , Paredes Marcelo , Castaneda Homero 
Published: July 2024

The effect of varying temperatures (15, 35, and 45 °C) on the corrosion behavior of a new single-phase distorted face-centered cubic (fcc) Al2Cr5Cu5Fe53Ni35 multi-principal element alloy (MPEA) was studied in simulated soil environments (NS4 solution). X-ray diffraction and electron backscattered diffraction were used to confirm the presence of a single phase throughout the microstructure. Electrochemical tests such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear polarization resistance were performed to evaluate the interfacial behavior and corrosion rate at various test conditions. Additionally, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) tests were also carried out at the selected temperatures to study the pitting behavior of the MPEA. Surface characterization techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to identify the nature of the passive film formed in such complex materials as well as study the pitting characteristics after CPP testing. A stable passive film was found to be present all tested temperatures with the absence of preferential sites for pitting due to homogenous element distribution.
Application and Prognostic Analysis of Vacuum Sealing Drainage in the Incision Infection in Patients With Stage II-III Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lin Bao , Zhang Hongjian , Sun Shijie , Lin Changqing , Chi Yuanlong 
Published: July 2024

Introduction This study aims to explore the application value of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) technology in the treatment of incision infection dehiscence after surgery in patients with stage II-III colorectal cancer and analyze its impact on prognosis. Methods This retrospective study included patients who experienced incision infection dehiscence after surgery for colorectal cancer between February 2014 and August 2019. Clinical and pathological data, short-term outcomes, and long-term outcomes were compared between the traditional group and the VSD group. Results A total of 97 patients were included in this study. There was no significant difference in clinical and pathological data between the traditional group and the VSD group ( P > 0.05). The VSD group had fewer dressing changes, lower pain scores during dressing changes, and better granulation tissue growth grading than the traditional group, with statistical significance ( P < 0.05). The VSD group started adjuvant chemotherapy earlier and had a higher proportion of ≥4 cycles of chemotherapy. The three-year overall survival rate in the VSD group was better than the traditional group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). Conclusion The application of VSD technology can promote granulation tissue growth, accelerate incision healing, and facilitate patients to complete subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy. However, further verification of its long-term impact on prognosis requires longer-term follow-up results.
Rural Surgery Preparedness After Graduation From a Surgical Residency
Authors: Nadaud Jack M. , Heidel R. Eric , Daley Brian J. 
Published: July 2024

Background General surgeons in rural communities face unique challenges due to broad scopes of practice with limited support and difficulties providing training. In 1998, this academic medical center initiated a rural program consisting of senior level rotations in rural communities. We surveyed past residents to determine scope of practice, level of preparedness, and recommendations. Methods The survey was sent to n = 89 residents and n = 34 surveys were completed. Of those, 85% took part in the rural program, 23.5% practice in a zip code defined as rural by HRSA, and 53% had fellowship training most commonly vascular (n = 5), critical care (n = 5), cardiothoracic (n = 3), and MIS (n = 3). Most common procedures reported were MIS (64.7%), vascular (38.2%), cardiothoracic (26.5%), hepatobiliary (23.5%), and pediatric (23.5%). Results Over 97% of participants were satisfied/very satisfied with their overall program, and 94% were satisfied/very satisfied with their preparedness for rural surgery. When prompted with, “A general surgery program must have some type of rural specific specialized curriculum and extended rotations to facilitate a career path in rural general surgery,” 41.2% responded strongly agree, 47.1% agree, and 11.8% neutral. Recommendations for bolstering a rural program included urology (59%), MIS (59%), vascular (56%), OBGYN (47%), and pediatrics (38%). Regarding non-surgical education, residents felt underprepared for billing (79.4%) and administration (50.0%). Discussion Although satisfaction scores were high, improvements to better prepare surgeons for rural practice include increasing residents’ exposure and training in OBGYN, MIS, vascular, urology, and billing and administration. These results should direct programs to prepare surgeons for effective rural practice.
Effect of Alvimopan on Postoperative Ileus and Length of Hospital Stay in Patients Undergoing Bowel Resection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Murtaza Rashid , Clarke Olivia , Sivakanthan Tharshan , Al-Sarireh Hashim , Al-Sarireh Ahmad , Raza Muhammad Musa , Navid Ahmad Zia , Ali Baqar , Hajibandeh Shahin , Hajibandeh Shahab 
Published: July 2024

Aims The aim is to investigate the effect of alvimopan on postoperative ileus and length of hospital stay in patients undergoing bowel resection. Methods The PRISMA statement standards were followed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis. The available literature was searched to identify all studies comparing alvimopan with no alvimopan in patients undergoing bowel resection. Postoperative ileus and length of hospital stay were the primary outcomes, and time to first bowel motion was the secondary outcome. Random-effects modeling was applied for analyses. Results Analysis of 94 833 patients from 26 studies showed that alvimopan was associated with lower risk of postoperative ileus (OR: .57, 95% CI .48 to .67, P <.00001; high GRADE certainty), shorter length of hospital stay (MD: −1.08 day, 95% CI −1.36 to −.81, P < .00001; moderate GRADE certainty), and shorter time to first bowel motion (MD: −.43 day, 95% CI −.58 to −.28, P < .00001; moderate GRADE certainty). Separate analyses of randomized controlled trials and observational studies showed similar findings. Subgroup analyses suggested consistent findings in patients undergoing elective bowel resection, emergency bowel resection, and open surgery; however, alvimopan did not improve the outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery. Conclusion Robust evidence supports the routine use of alvimopan in patients undergoing open bowel resection as indicated by lower risk of postoperative ileus and shorter length of hospital stay. We support incorporation of alvimopan into enhanced recovery after surgery programs for the procedures involving open bowel resection. The role of alvimopan in minimally invasive bowel resection needs more research.
Preparation, characterization, and liver targeting evaluation of a novel sustained-release brucine self-assembled micelle mediated by glycyrrhetinic acid
Authors: Guan Qingxia , Yang Han , Xia Zhaorui , Li Xiuyan , Zhang Yue , Lin Zeyu , Sun Shaung , Yang Zhixin , Zhou Xiaoying , Lv Shaowa , Wang Yanhong 
Published: July 2024

Background: Cancer is a serious threat to human life, health and social development. In recent years, nanomicelles, as an emerging drug carrier material, have gradually entered people’s field of vision because of their advantages of improving bioavailability, maintaining drug levels, reducing systemic side effects and increasing drug accumulation at target sites. Methods: In this study, B-GPSG nano-micelles were prepared by film dispersion hydration method using brucine as model drug and glycyrrhetinic acid-polyethylene glycol-3-methylene glycol-dithiodipropionic acid-glycerol monostearate polymer as nano-carrier. The preparation process, characterization, drug release in vitro, pharmacokinetics and liver targeting were investigated. Results: The results showed that the range of particle size, polydispersion index and Zeta potential were 102.7 ± 1.09 nm, 0.201 ± 0.02 and −24.5 ± 0.19 mV respectively. The entrapment efficiency and drug loading were 83.79 ± 2.13% and 12.56 ± 0.09%, respectively. The drug release experiments in vitro and pharmacokinetic experiments showed that it had obvious sustained release effect. For pharmacokinetics study, it shows that both the B-GPSG solution group and the B-PSG solution group changed the metabolic kinetic parameters of brucine, but the B-GPSG solution group had a better effect. Compared with the B-PSG solution group, the drug was more prolonged in rats. The half-life in the body and the retention time in the body of B-GPSG are more helpful to improve the bioavailability of the drug and play a long-term effect. The tail vein injection results of mice indicate that B-GPSG can target and accumulate brucine in the liver without affecting other key organs. Cell uptake experiments and tissue distribution experiments in vivo show that glycyrrhetinic acid modified nano-micelles can increase the accumulation of brucine in hepatocytes, has a good liver targeting effect, and can be used as a new preparation for the treatment of liver cancer. Conclusion: The B-SPSG prepared in this experiment can provide a new treatment method and research idea for the treatment of liver cancer.
Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Older Adults With Suicide-Related Emergency Department Presentations
Authors: Gysin-Maillart Anja , Bettschen David , Annaheim Pascale , Brogna Stella , Walther Sebastian , Waern Margda , Müller Martin , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K. , Klukowska-Rötzler Jolanta 
Published: July 2024

Objectives To identify characteristics of older adult emergency department (ED) patients aged ≥65 with suicidal ideation and/or behavior. Methods A single center retrospective chart review analyzed 392 patients (≥65) with suicidal ideation and/or behavior (2013–2019). Comprehensive full-text searches were used. Subgroup analyses for age and gender were conducted. Results Depressive disorder was documented in 50% of cases. Notably, 54% of all women were prescribed antidepressants, compared to only 31% of men. Most patients had general medical conditions (74.5%) and chronic multimorbidity (71.2%). Social stress affected 40.1%; 35.7% were intoxicated upon presentation. Alcohol abuse was more common in the 65–74 age group, while dementia impacted 20% of those ≥75. Men had a six-fold higher 30-day post-discharge mortality. Discussion Older ED patients with suicidal ideation and/or behavior exhibit typical characteristics. The dementia prevalence suggests tailored care for those ≥75, and the heightened post-discharge mortality rate in older men requires further research.
Survival Status and Predictors of Mortality Among Children Admitted With Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia at Cancer Treatment Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Sifer Samuel Dessu , Solomon Milkiyas 
Published: July 2024

Background Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a cancer affecting the blood and bone marrow and is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among children. In Ethiopia, it represents the predominant form of childhood leukemia, comprising approximately 80% of cases and serving as a leading cause of childhood cancer-related deaths. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the survival status and factors that may predict mortality in children admitted with acute lymphocytic leukemia at cancer treatment hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective follow-up study was conducted at cancer treatment hospitals in Addis Ababa, focusing on children diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia. The investigation covered records from January 1, 2017, to December 30, 2023, encompassing a sample of 230 study records. Variables with a P-value below 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were selected for entry into the multivariable analysis. Subsequently, variables demonstrating a P-value less than 0.05 in the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model were deemed statistically significant. Results The cumulative proportion of survival was 98.3% (95%CI: 94.8, 99.5), 89.2% (95%CI: 82.0, 93.6), and 24.1% (95%CI: 8.43, 44.1) at the end of the 20th, 40th, and 60th month, respectively. The incidence rate of mortality among cohort of children admitted with acute lymphocytic leukemia was 0.45 per 100 child months. History of relapse (AHR: 2.48; 95%CI: 1.01, 6.08) and infection (AHR: 2.34; 95%CI: 1.03, 5.31) were independent predictors of mortality among children admitted with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Conclusion The likelihood of mortality increased in the later stages of follow-up for children admitted with acute lymphocytic leukemia, and the incidence density rate of mortality in this group was lower compared to previous reports from other regions. Furthermore, independent predictors of mortality among children with acute lymphocytic leukemia included a history of relapse and infection.