bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Paediatric migraine disability assessment score is a useful tool for evaluating prophylactic migraine treatment
Authors: Topcu Yasemin , Hiz Kurul Semra , Bayram Erhan , Sozmen Kaan , Yis Uluc 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimThere is a need for an objective assessment scoring system to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic drugs in paediatric migraine, and the aim of this study was to evaluate the Paediatric Migraine Disability Assessment Score (PedMIDAS).MethodsWe recruited 88 children aged between 6 and 17 years of age with migraine. The 53 children in the treatment group were divided into three groups according to the prophylactic drug they received topiramate, flunarizine and propranolol and assessed using PedMIDAS before the start of treatment and 3 and 6 months after treatment. The 35 patients in the control group did not receive prophylactic treatment and were assessed with PedMIDAS on three occasions, 3 months apart.ResultsTopiramate, propranolol and flunarizine treatments significantly decreased PedMIDASs and were shown to be effective in improving the patients’ quality of life. Topiramate and propranolol were more effective than flunarizine. The number of days on analgesic treatment significantly decreased in the patients who had received topiramate and propranolol treatments (p < 0.05), but remained unchanged in the flunarizine prophylaxis group (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe PedMIDAS scoring system is useful in evaluating the efficacy of prophylactic therapy in paediatric migraine. Topiramate and propranolol lowered the PedMIDASs better than flunarizine.
Expertise reversal for different forms of instructional designs in dynamic visual representations
Authors: Khacharem Aïmen , Zoudji Bachir , Kalyuga Slava 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe recent advances in software and computer technology have enabled the incorporation of dynamic representations into a multitude of educational and training environments. Cognitive load theory has been extensively used to enhance learning from complex dynamic representations by providing appropriate instructional designs to manage learner cognitive load. The available evidence, however, indicates that the suggested instructional designs that are effective for novice learners can reverse and become ineffective for learners with higher levels of prior knowledge. This phenomenon is called the expertise reversal effect. This paper reviews a series of recent experimental studies that have found interactions between levels of learners' organized knowledge structures (endogenous support) and effectiveness of different instructional designs (exogenous support), leading to the expertise reversal effect. It is argued that adapting instructional designs to learners with different amount of prior knowledge is a crucial part of effective learning.
‘Sex is violence’: African‐American parents' perceptions of the link between exposure to community violence and youth sexual behaviours
Authors: Voisin Dexter , Takahashi Lois , Berringer Kathryn , Burr Sean , Kuhnen Jessica 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn Chicago, African‐American youth experience disproportionately high rates of exposure to community violence. Growing evidence documents that such exposures are related to youth sexual behaviours. This qualitative study seeks to illuminate the various ways in which violence and sex are intertwined in the lives of African‐American youth. Analysing data from four focus groups (N = 54), major themes indicated that parents linked community violence with: (i) influencing youth sexual interests and opportunities for having sex; (ii) specific notions of youth sexual identities and social status; (iii) increased gang involvement and sexual initiations; and (iv) girls' grudges and their sexual concurrency with boys. These findings suggest that addressing these specific issues is important in parent‐centred and community‐grounded interventions aimed at reducing risky sexual behaviours among African‐American youth.
Contact visits between foster children and their birth family: the views of foster children, foster parents and social workers
Authors: Salas Martínez María D. , Fuentes María J. , Bernedo Isabel M. , García‐Martín Miguel A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIt has been argued that contact visits between foster children and birth parents can help maintain attachment bonds and support the child's development. However, some research suggests that such visits can be detrimental. This study analyses the characteristics of contact visits and examines children's perceptions of the emotional relationship they have with foster carers and their biological parents. Participants were 104 non‐kinship foster children and their respective foster carers and social workers. Fifty‐six of these foster children had contact visits with their birth parents. Foster children rated the quality of their relationship with foster carers and birth parents using the Affect Scale. Foster children, foster carers and social workers all completed the Evaluation of Contact Visits Questionnaire. Results showed that (i) a high proportion of children had no contact visits; (ii) the contact agreement was often not fulfilled; (iii) many visits were rated as poor quality; (iv) foster carers' evaluation of visits was more negative than that of both foster children and social workers; and (v) children who experienced poor‐quality visits and perceived less warmth and more criticism/rejection from their parents. These results highlight the need to improve contact visits by developing intervention strategies targeted at all those involved.
Microcirculation of skeletal muscle adapts differently to a resistive exercise intervention with and without superimposed whole‐body vibrations
Authors: Beijer Åsa , Degens Hans , Weber Tobias , Rosenberger André , Gehlert Sebastian , Herrera Frankyn , Kohl‐Bareis Matthias , Zange Jochen , Bloch Wilhelm , Rittweger Jörn 
Published: July 2014

SummaryWhole‐body vibration (WBV) training is commonly practiced and may enhance peripheral blood flow. Here, we investigated muscle morphology and acute microcirculatory responses before and after a 6‐week resistive exercise training intervention without (RE) or with (RVE) simultaneous whole‐body vibrations (20 Hz, 6 mm peak‐to‐peak amplitude) in 26 healthy men in a randomized, controlled parallel‐design study. Total haemoglobin (tHb) and tissue oxygenation index (TOI) were measured in gastrocnemius muscle (GM) with near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Whole‐body oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured via spirometry, and skeletal muscle morphology was determined in soleus (SOL) muscle biopsies. Our data reveal that exercise‐induced muscle deoxygenation both before and after 6 weeks training was similar in RE and RVE (P = 0·76), although VO2 was 20% higher in the RVE group (P<0·001). The RVE group showed a 14%‐point increase in reactive hyperaemia (P = 0·007) and a 27% increase in blood volume (P<0·01) in GM after 6 weeks of training. The number of capillaries around fibres was increased by 15% after 6 weeks training in both groups (P<0·001) with no specific effect of superimposed WBV (P = 0·61). Neither of the training regimens induced fibre hypertrophy in SOL. The present findings suggest an increased blood volume and vasodilator response in GM as an adaptation to long‐term RVE, which was not observed after RE alone. We conclude that RVE training enhances vasodilation of small arterioles and possibly capillaries. This effect might be advantageous for muscle thermoregulation and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to exercising muscle and removal of carbon dioxide and metabolites.
Exploring co‐occurrence of closely‐related guild members in a fragmented landscape subject to rapid transformation
Authors: Lindenmayer David B. , Welsh Alan , Blanchard Wade , Tennant Philip , Donnelly Christine 
Published: July 2014

Quantifying biotic responses to landscape transformation is a major research focus. Most past studies have explored co‐occurrence of entire communities of a given group (e.g. birds) within largely intact ecosystems or over a limited time‐frame. By contrast, here we use data from a 15 yr experimental study, to explore intra‐guild co‐occurrence of six closely‐related and functionally‐similar sets of birds within 55 woodland fragments. Areas surrounding these remnants are undergoing transformation from grazed paddocks to Pinus radiata plantations, leading to a novel assemblage of forest and woodland birds. We sought to determine if the occurrence of a given species in a guild influenced the occurrence of other closely‐related species in that guild, and through this relationship whether there was evidence of co‐occurrence between species.After controlling for environmental and habitat variables which can affect species occurrence like time since commencement of landscape transformation, patch size and vegetation type, we found the occurrence of a given species was influenced by the occurrence of a closely‐related species in the same guild. Co‐occurrence varied among bird guilds and included: 1) positive co‐occurrence in which occurrence of one species within fragments positively affected the occurrence of another closely‐related guild member (e.g. eastern and crimson rosellas); and 2) negative co‐occurrence in which the occurrence of one species was negatively associated with the occurrence of another within the same guild (e.g. willie wagtail and grey fantail).We also identified interactions between patch size and species recording frequency within members of two guilds. For example, modelling of conditional recording frequency revealed the eastern rosella increased with increasing recordings of the crimson rosella in large patches, but decreased with increasing recordings of the crimson rosella in small patches.Our results provide empirical evidence of co‐occurrence among guild members and underscore the complexity of biotic responses to landscape transformation.
The role of the area postrema in the anorectic effects of amylin and salmon calcitonin: behavioral and neuronal phenotyping
Authors: Braegger Fiona E. , Asarian Lori , Dahl Kirsten , Lutz Thomas A. , Boyle Christina N. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAmylin reduces meal size by activating noradrenergic neurons in the area postrema (AP). Neurons in the AP also mediate the eating‐inhibitory effects of salmon calcitonin (sCT), a potent amylin agonist, but the phenotypes of the neurons mediating its effect are unknown. Here we investigated whether sCT activates similar neuronal populations to amylin, and if its anorectic properties also depend on AP function. Male rats underwent AP lesion (APX) or sham surgery. Meal patterns were analysed under ad libitum and post‐deprivation conditions. The importance of the AP in mediating the anorectic action of sCT was examined in feeding experiments of dose–response effects of sCT in APX vs. sham rats. The effect of sCT to induce Fos expression was compared between surgery groups, and relative to amylin. The phenotype of Fos‐expressing neurons in the brainstem was examined by testing for the co‐expression of dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) or tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). By measuring the apposition of vesicular glutamate transporter‐2 (VGLUT2)‐positive boutons, potential glutamatergic input to amylin‐ and sCT‐activated AP neurons was compared. Similar to amylin, an intact AP was necessary for sCT to reduce eating. Further, co‐expression between Fos activation and DBH after amylin or sCT did not differ markedly, while co‐localization of Fos and TPH was minor. Approximately 95% of neurons expressing Fos and DBH after amylin or sCT treatment were closely apposed to VGLUT2‐positive boutons. Our study suggests that the hindbrain pathways engaged by amylin and sCT share many similarities, including the mediation by AP neurons.
Family Court and a Review of Family Services in the Department of Veterans Affairs
Authors: Sayers Steven L. , Glynn Shirley M. , McCutcheon Susan 
Published: July 2014

Behavioral health family services provided by the Veterans Health Administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) can play an important role for U.S. military veterans and their family members who are involved in family court. VA Family services provided to veterans may include education about family reintegration, posttraumatic stress disorder, and reactions to trauma; couples therapy; family consultation; and family psychoeducation. Coordination of VA staff with family court officers can occur at several levels, including education about family services available within VA and, with the consent of the veteran, progress reports to family court of services provided to veteran families. It is important for family court officers to understand some limitations to family services provided to Veterans and their families, which could be based on the veteran's eligibility for services as well as the determination that a particular clinical service is not deemed appropriate. There is room for an expansion of social supports for veterans involved in family court, and this may involve veterans' peers and volunteers, burgeoning approaches that may have significant promise and benefit for veterans involved in family court.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
This article provides background in the development of couple and family services provided to veterans and their family members.
Key concepts regarding the role of family services can play in supporting the work of family court officers.
Opportunities and limitations in the relationship between mental health providers in the Department of Veterans Affairs and family court personnel are discussed.
Intimate Partner Violence, Military Personnel, Veterans, and Their Families
Authors: Tinney Glenna , Gerlock April A. 
Published: July 2014

Communities throughout the country are grappling with the aftermath of the protracted wars in Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom) and Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom) and how to serve military personnel, veterans, and their families effectively with sensitivity to the experiences they have had and the issues they face. This article begins with a discussion of bringing a contextual analysis to the understanding of intimate partner violence (IPV) and how IPV may or may not overlap with potential co‐occurring combat‐related conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, substance use disorder, and depression. Elements of risk and danger, especially in relationship to IPV, these co‐occurring conditions, and suicide are also addressed. Implications for family court personnel start with effective methods for screening and assessment within the framework of the larger contextual analysis. The article provides tips for family court personnel by addressing the larger context, applying effective screening/assessment strategies, and utilizing resources available within the military, Veterans' Health Administration, and community settings.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Understand how the larger context in which intimate partner violence is embedded affects risk, danger, and treatment/intervention.
Be able to discuss the intersection of intimate partner violence and co‐occurring combat‐related conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, substance use disorder, and depression and how to approach screening, assessment, and treatment/intervention.
Understand the importance of screening and assessing for intimate partner violence and co‐occurring combat‐related conditions when making decisions in family court involving military and veteran families.
Educating Family Court Judges on the Front Lines of Combat Readjustment: Toward the Formulation and Delivery of a Core Curriculum on Military Family Issues
Authors: Seamone Evan R. 
Published: July 2014

This article considers the results of the first national survey of family court judges, in which they ranked key concerns for cases involving military families. Consistent with estimates recognizing the significant number of service members with operational stress injuries and the link between such unseen injuries and military family turmoil, judges who initially had little experience with military families have encountered increasing numbers of such cases as the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan intensified. This article reviews current efforts to establish a standardized curriculum that is responsive to judges' foremost concerns. After describing potential approaches for delivery of this core curriculum, the article suggests three factors that will greatly enhance efforts to meet judges' needs: (1) awareness of key aspects of military culture that have a bearing on family functioning, (2) greater incorporation of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and Veterans Service Organizations in family court cases involving military families, and (3) identification of best practices in family courts located near military communities which function as de facto centers of excellence. The article draws on selected experiences and opinions of family court judges in North Carolina, Georgia, Hawaii, and Tennessee military communities and suggests key recommendations for meeting all courts' most dire needs.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
In a recent national study, family court judges ranked deployment and postdeployment readjustment considerations among their most important needs for training on military family issues.
Family courts adjudicating disputes involving veterans with operational stress injuries must often transcend existing scientific studies to craft meaningful parenting plans and family interventions.
Courts operating within high‐density military populations have developed uncommon solutions to common problems and can provide a wealth of knowledge to family courts that do not regularly hear such cases.
Although family court interactions with veterans service organizations and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs are limited or nonexistent—even within large military communities—these organizations possess special knowledge and resources that can enhance the family courts' effectiveness.
Family court judges located within jurisdictions that have operational Veterans Treatment Courts can easily draw on the expertise of veterans court judges to obtain necessary knowledge and vital insights.
Many approaches to military family deployments and combat‐related mental conditions equally apply to the tens of thousands of families of private contractors who worked in Iraq and Afghanistan, especially on security details.
Safe Haven: Granting Support to Victims of Child Abuse Who Have Been Judicially Emancipated
Authors: Cataldo Mayra Alicia 
Published: July 2014

Emancipation is the process by which a minor becomes free from the custody and control of the minor's parents. There are twenty‐eight states with emancipation statutes that set forth the procedure for obtaining emancipation status. Current emancipation statutes terminate the parents' obligation to support the minor. Thus, parents of emancipated minors are no longer required to provide financial assistance, health care or housing to the minor. Although minors must show that they have an independent and legitimate source of income when they first petition for emancipation status, the increased financial burden and limited options of support available to minors leave them vulnerable to becoming impoverished. Minors who seek emancipation due to domestic violence, child abuse, neglect, and abandonment are especially vulnerable to becoming impoverished and homeless due to financial insecurity, lack of affordable housing, and mental illness resulting from traumatic experiences in violent households. This Note proposes an amendment to state emancipation statutes authorizing the court to exercise its discretion in granting continued parental support to minors who are seeking emancipation due to maltreatment. Assistance should be calculated based on the state's guidelines for child support payments, but parents should not be responsible for debts incurred by the minor after emancipation is granted. Assistance should continue only until the minor reaches the age of majority. A grant of postemancipation financial assistance will further the state's interest in protecting the welfare of children by ensuring that minors have sustenance, housing, health care, and the opportunity to complete their education.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Currently twenty‐eight states have statutes that set forth the procedure in which a minor can petition for emancipation status.
Nearly half of states with emancipation statutes terminate the parent's obligation to provide financial support to the minor.
Without support from their parents and limited options for work and housing, judicially emancipated minors are vulnerable to impoverishment.
Minors who seek emancipation status because they were abused, neglected or abandoned by their parents should not be forced to incur all expenses that result from leaving the household.
Discovery and characterization of pseudocyclic cystine‐knot α‐amylase inhibitors with high resistance to heat and proteolytic degradation
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Q. T. , Wang Shujing , Kumar Akshita , Yap Li J. , Luu Thuy T. , Lescar Julien , Tam James P. 
Published: July 2014

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are chronic metabolic diseases, and those affected could benefit from the use of α‐amylase inhibitors to manage starch intake. The pseudocyclics, wrightides Wr‐AI1 to Wr‐AI3, isolated from an Apocynaceae plant show promise for further development as orally active α‐amylase inhibitors. These linear peptides retain the stability known for cystine‐knot peptides in the presence of harsh treatment. They are resistant to heat treatment and endopeptidase and exopeptidase degradation, which is characteristic of cyclic cystine‐knot peptides. Our NMR and crystallography analysis also showed that wrightides, which are currently the smallest proteinaceous α‐amylase inhibitors reported, contain the backbone‐twisting cis‐proline, which is preceded by a nonaromatic residue rather than a conventional aromatic residue. The modeled structure and a molecular dynamics study of Wr‐AI1 in complex with yellow mealworm α‐amylase suggested that, despite having a similar structure and cystine‐knot fold, the knottin‐type α‐amylase inhibitors may bind to insect α‐amylase via a different set of interactions. Finally, we showed that the precursors of pseudocyclic cystine‐knot α‐amylase inhibitors and their biosynthesis in plants follow a secretory protein synthesis pathway. Together, our findings provide insights for the use of the pseudocyclic α‐amylase inhibitors as useful leads for the development of orally active peptidyl bioactives, as well as an alternative scaffold for cyclic peptides for engineering metabolically stable human α‐amylase inhibitors.DatabaseThe nucleotide sequences for Wr‐AI1 to Wr‐AI3 have been deposited in the GenBank database under GenBank accession numbers KF679826, KF679827, and KF679828, respectively. The Wr‐AI1 solution structure solved for 10 ensembles with the lowest target function is available in the Protein Data Bank under accession code 2MAU. The coordinates of Wr‐AI1 crystal structure are available in the Protein Data Bank database under accession code 4BFH.