bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Winter Cover Crop Biomass on Summer Weed Emergence and Biomass Production
Authors: Hertwig Bittencourt Henrique von , Lovato Paulo Emílio , Comin Jucinei José , Lana Marcos Alberto , Altieri Miguel Angel , Costa Murilo Dalla , Gomes José Carlos 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A greenhouse assay was carried out to evaluate the effect of winter cover crop residues on spontaneous plants that commonly occur on summer annual fields in Southern Brazil. Dry shoot residues of rye (Secale cereale), vetch (Vicia villosa), fodder radish (Raphanus sativus), and a mix of the three species, were applied over pots that had been seeded with alexandergrass (Brachiaria plantaginea), hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa), wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla), and morning glory (Ipomoea grandifolia) at four different depths (0, 1, 2, or 4 cm). Plant emergence and biomass production were measured. Residues of rye reduced the emergence of B. plantaginea, while vetch diminished I. grandifolia and B. plantaginea emergence. Fodder radish reduced emergence of I. grandifolia. The mix of cover crops reduced emergence of I. grandifolia, B. plantaginea, and B. pilosa. None of the cover crops differed from the control on E. heterophylla emergence. The lowest yields in spontaneous plant shoot biomass were obtained from the cover with rye + vetch + fodder radish. The lowest values of root biomass occurred under cover with rye, fodder radish or the mix. Use of vetch residues decreased emergence of B. plantaginea and I. grandifolia, but enhanced biomass accumulation by the latter
Sublethal Effects of Spinosad (Tracer®) on the Cotton Leafworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Abouelghar Gamal Elsayed , Sakr Hanem , Ammar Hager Ali , Yousef Adel , Nassar Moustafa 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The effects of sublethal concentrations of spinosad (Tracer®) on development, fecundity, and food utilization, in the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) were investigated. The fourth-instar larvae were fed on castor bean leaves treated with LC25 (13.9 ppm) or LC50 (57.8 ppm) of spinosad. Pupation and pupal weight were significantly reduced in both LC25 and LC50 treatments, compared with those of the controls. The fecundity rates of females in either LC25 or LC50 treatment were also reduced, compared with the controls. The residual activity of spinosad, applied on cotton at labeled field- and subfield-rates (200 and 70 g active substance (a.s.)/ 200 l water, respectively), was examined against the fifth-instar larvae of S. littoralis. Feeding deterrent effects were significantly demonstrated in larvae that fed on leaves collected from field plots with residual deposits of spinosad at 3 and 7 days old after application (DAA). The residual activity of spinosad on feeding and other metabolic parameters was decreased after 21 DAA indicating that the chemical started to degrade under field conditions. A histological study on midgut from larvae that previously fed on leaves treated with a concentration corresponding to the labeled-field rate of spinosad showed some alterations occurred after 48 and 96 h of treatment, compared to the normal midgut from the controls. The histological alterations included degeneration in the epithelial lining of the midgut and in the peritrophic matrix. Such histopathological effects are presumed to be responsible for the reduction in growth and food utilization caused by spinosad. It is, therefore, concluded that spinosad has sublethal effects on S. littoralis that may affect population dynamics in the field via reductions in survival and reproduction
Multiplex RT-PCR Reaction for Simultaneous Detection of Tomato Torrado Virus and Pepino Mosaic Virus Co-Infecting Solanum Lycopersicum
Authors: Wieczorek Przemysław , Obrępalska-Stęplowska Aleksandra 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is cultivated all over the world and is a vegetable of significant economic importance. However, an increased production of the vegetable is directly connected with an elevated occurrence of pathogens limiting the production efficiency of the vegetable. Both, Tomato torrado virus and Pepino mosaic virus have been found to be serious disease factors. When not controlled, these viruses can significantly decrease tomato cultivation. In this article, we report a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol for simultaneous detection of both, Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) and Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) in virus infected plants. The assay was designed to specifically amplify the conserved regions of genomic ribonucleic acid (RNA) of both viruses. Moreover, the glycerandehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as an internal control of amplification to exclude false-negative assay results. High-resolution melt analysis of generated RT-PCR products was additionally performed to increase sensitivity and double-check the specificity of the reaction without the need of subsequent complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) sequencing
Formulations of Bacillus Spp. and Pseudomonas Fluorescens for Biocontrol of Cantaloupe Root Rot Caused by Fusarium Solani
Authors: Sallam Nashwa Atef , Riad Shaimaa Nagy , Mohamed Mohamed Samy , El-eslam Ahmed Seef 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the different carrier formulations of antagonistic bacteria on incidence of root rot disease of cantaloupe. Twenty-seven isolates of bacteria isolated from rizosphere cantaloupe plants (collected from different localities of the Assiut Governorate, Egypt) were tested in vitro against the growth of Fusarium solani. The tested isolates exhibited varied percentages of mycelial inhibition of F. solani. The highly antagonistic bacteria isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The effect of talc based powder and wood flour as various carrier formulations of antagonistic bacteria were tested on incidence of cantaloupe root rot disease in greenhouse and field experiments. All tested carrier formulations of antagonistic bacteria significantly decreased the disease index percentage (p > 0.05) of root rot disease compared with the control, in greenhouse or in field experiments. Application of the wood flour formulation to the infested soil at the time of planting, gave the lowest disease (21.75%) index percentage compared to an application fifteen days before planting (26.83%). The reverse effect occurred in the case of the talc based powder formulation application. In field experiments, during the two growing seasons of 2009 and 2010, wood flour formulation gave the same effect in the reduction of the disease index when added before planting or at the time of planting to soil infested with the pathogen. However, application of the talc formulation at the time of planting showed the least disease index compared to when it was applied fifteen days before planting. In general, wood flour formulation significantly decreased the disease index when compared with the talc formulation. In all the formulations, a number of viable colonies of bioagents were decreased gradually by prolonging the storage time at 4°C. Storage time was prolonged up to five months. But in the case of B. subtilis on talc and B. cereus on wood flour formulations, storage time needed to be prolonged up to seven months
Effect of Plant Oils on the Infestation of Rhyzopertha Dominica (Fab.) in Wheat, Triticum Aestivum Linn.
Authors: Kumawat Kailash Chand , Naga Bhanwar Lal 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Six oil treatments, viz., Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), Castor (Ricinus communis), Karanj (Pongamia pinnata), mustard (Brassica juncea), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus melanophloia) and Taramira (Eruca sativa) were evaluated at three dose levels (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% v/w) against the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.) infesting wheat, Triticum aestivum Linn. An untreated check (the control) was maintained for comparison. The maximum protection was provided by Neem oil at 1.0 per cent (no adult emerged up to 270 days) followed by castor oil and Taramira oil at 1.0 per cent (no adult emerged up to 90 days of treatment). The maximum number of adults were recorded in the grain treated with Eucalyptus oil used at 0.1 per cent (9.3-22.0), Karanj oil at 0.1 per cent (6.0-20.7), and castor oil at 0.1 per cent (2.0-23.0). The maximum grain damage was recorded with use of Eucalyptus oil at 0.1 per cent (28.7-64.7), Karanj oil at 0.1 per cent (18.7-60.0%), and Eucalyptus at 0.5 per cent (18.0-58.0%). No grain damage was recorded in 1.0 per cent Neem oil-treated grain, for up to 270 days. For up to 90 days of treatment, no grain damage was recorded in 1.0 per cent castor oil treated grain, and no grain damage was recorded in 1.0 per cent Tarmira oil treated grain for up to 90 days of treatment. No adverse effect of plant oils was observed on seed viability for up to 270 days of treatments
Damages caused by Polish cavalry in Tyszowce starosty in 17th-18th century
Authors: Frykowski Janusz Adam 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYNon-city starosty of Tyszowce was located in the province of Belz and received the status of royal land in 1462. Its territory included the town of Tyszowce and villages: Mikulin, Perespa, Klatwy and Przewale. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the starosty suffered from a significant increase of various negative phenomena. The crown lands had bitterly tasted devastating fires, epidemics, contributions, requisitions, robberies and field devastations. All these disasters were caused mainly by war and military activities. Marches of soldiers and quartering of troops greatly contributed to the situation and were usually associated with the need of maintaining the soldiers. The requisitions of food, alcohol, cattle, horses and poultry were particularly burdensome for the people. The greatest economic devastation as regards the resources of the starosty and its people was caused by monetary contributions, usually several times higher than the financial capacity of the town and its inhabitants. This work focuses on damages to the starosty caused by the royal cavalry. According to the literature, it is clear that the behavior of the troops in Tyszowce Starosty was not different from the behavior of soldiers in other areas of Poland. It must be admitted that the reprehensible behavior of the army was influenced by many conditions, from the recruitment of people from backgrounds often involving conflict with law, as well as foreigners, to the accommodation system under which the soldiers were forced to supply themselves “on their own.”
The reasons and the character of unemployment in Lublin during the interwar period
Authors: Dolecka Marta 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYOne cannot discuss unemployment in general but only in its different forms, which requires special approaches. This is due to the complexity of this timeless and challenging question. During the interwar period, the unemployment in Lublin, being of permanent character, was the most important economical and social problem in the city. Poor development did not provide new jobs. In addition, the capital of the region, due to its central location, attracted people not only from the nearby counties. Unemployed people from the whole country kept coming occasionally, looking for any kind of job. The officials were trying to help them by conducting various activities. However, they were not always sufficient. The important point, however, was that unemployed people were not left alone.
Henryk Raabe - rector of UMCS in the columns of Lublin newspapers 1944-1989
Authors: Kruszyński Marcin 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYThe Maria Curie-Sklodowska University (UMCS) in Lublin was established on 23 October 1944 by the Polish Committee of National Liberation's pro-Moscow decree. The person chosen to be the vice-chancellor of the university was a pre-war socialist, Henryk Raabe. He met all the criteria demanded by the new communist regime. Firstly, he was a left-winger, but on the other hand, he was not a communist; he was not a member of the unpopular Polish Workers' Party. As such, he had a greater opportunity to create a necessary team of co-workers. Furthermore, as a socialist, he reflected the values promoted by propaganda, i.e. political pluralism and the alleged willingness to create a democratic state, in which there would be space for debate and diversity of views. The article approaches Henryk Rjaabe and opinions on him presented in the local press (1944-1989).
Xenoi en Sicile dans la première moitié du Ve siècle (Diod. XI, 72,3)
Authors: de La Genière Juliette 
Published: September 2013

Who were the xenoi frequently mentioned by Diodorus Siculus in his account of the revolt of the mercenaries in south-eastern Sicily around the middle of the Vth century B.C. ? Were they Greeks from other cities ? Or Barbarians ?
One tries here to demonstrate, studying the peculiarities of certain grave goods of Gela, that these mercenaries were not Greeks, but Barbarians whose greater part had come from Campania since the beginning of the fifth century B.C.
Negative ethical behaviors in Saudi hospitals: How prevalent are they perceived to be? - Statement agreement study
Authors: Fayez R , Nawwab A , Al-Jahdali H , Baharoon S , Binsalih S , Sayyari A Al 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Background: There is limited information about the prevalence of unethical behavior and how is perceived among health care providers. The aim of this study is to assess such behavior and how is perceived. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study among three groups of professionals. Total participants were 370 and included medical staff, medical residents, and nurses in five medical specialties in four tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia (two Ministry of Health Hospitals and two military Hospitals). Participants were asked to rate their agreement with occurrence of 15 "negative" unethical behavior scenarios in their workplace. The scenarios covered areas of "respect for persons", "interprofessional relationships," and "empathy with patients". Results: Majority of respondents agreed that "unethical" behavior occurred in their workplace, including confidentiality being compromised (36.3%), informed consent not taken properly (60.2%), and bad news not well-delivered (62.2%). Other significant area agreement included doctors lacking empathy (47.8%), patient autonomy not fully respected (42.5%), discrimination (41.2%), and being pressurized to write inaccurate reports (31.2%). Respondents in medicine had the lowest rate of agreement and those in psychiatry had the highest (mean of 49.8% and 82.3%, respectively). Respondents with length of employment of less than 6 years had significantly higher agreement that unethical behavior occurs compared to those with length of employment of more than 6 years. Males were more likely than females to agree that unethical behavior occurs. The biggest difference was seen in the behavior of "informed consent not properly taken" with a gender margin of 18.7% (P = 0.001). Conclusion: There is high prevalence of behavior that is considered unethical as perceived by various health care workers at Saudi hospitals.
“Fetal Monstrosities”:
Authors: Cusumano Nicola 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
A naturalistic sensitivity emerges that is disengaged from transcendental presuppositions, and which reflects in a broad sense a medical conception based less on “cosmic causes” and more on “human and social” aspects. Starting with an analysis of the important work by Ingrassia, this study will then draw a comparison both with contemporary teratological treatises and with subsequent thought on monstrous births in Sicily during the Enlightenment. In this remote corner of Europe, in fact, in the eighteenth century—and thus in a radically different cultural context—the discussion of monsters converges in a regressive movement far removed from the most daring positions expressed by Ingrassia in his sixteenth-century treaty.
The Anatomy of a Monster:
Authors: Marie Boyer Tina 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
In this anatomical study of a single monster and its birth, the questions as to its form and function are raised. Monsters do not emerge out of a cultural void; they have a literary and cultural heritage. Yet when they are newly conceived, the need to construct a background becomes imperative. Since Slender Man is a prohibitive monster, but without a clear explanation as to what lines may or may not be crossed, the arbitrariness of his actions and characteristics offered a variety of possible backgrounds. The first narratives to emerge were linked to Norse and Native American mythology and medieval art (the danse macabre). Despite the culturally diverse character of the Internet, the folkloric and mythic sources used to form a social background for Slender Man were typical of the Western tradition. In terms of legend making and oral tradition, social networks have become a focal point of sharing traditional folklore and myth patterns. The shift from oral storytelling to the Internet forms of writing, blogging, and videotaping is intriguing because it shows no difference in dynamic. The creation of Slender Man demonstrates that legend making and telling—even without the direct oral link—obeys the same rules of performativity, critique, embellishment, and progression as it does in the oral telling of a story. The audience and the primary story creator share the legend as a performance to stage their ideas of reality and normative social expectations within a construct of bizarre and preternatural circumstances.
Differential effects of abandonment on the demography of the grassland perennial Succisa pratensis
Authors: van der Meer Sascha , Dahlgren Johan Petter , Mildén Mikael , Ehrlén Johan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAbandonment of traditional land‐use practices can have strong effects on the abundance of species occurring in agricultural landscapes. However, the precise mechanisms by which individual performance and population dynamics are affected are still poorly understood. To assess how abandonment affects population dynamics of Succisa pratensis we used data from a 4‐year field study in both abandoned and traditionally grazed areas in moist and mesic habitats to parameterize integral projection models. Abandoned populations had a lower long‐term stochastic population growth rate (λS = 0.90) than traditionally managed populations (λS = 1.08), while λS did not differ between habitat types. The effect of abandonment differed significantly between years and had opposed effects on different vital rates. Individuals in abandoned populations experienced higher mortality rates and lower seedling establishment, but had higher growth rates and produced more flower heads per plant. Population viability analyses, based on a population survey of the whole study area in combination with our demographic models, showed that 32 % of the populations face a high risk of extinction (>80 %) within 20 years. These results suggest that immediate changes in management are needed to avoid extinctions and further declines in population sizes. Stochastic elasticity analyses and stochastic life table response experiments indicated that management strategies would be most effective if they increase survival of small plants as well as seedling establishment, while maintaining a high seed production. This may be achieved by varying the grazing intensity between years or excluding grazers when plants are flowering.
Short-time asymptotics of hydrodynamic dispersion in porous media
Authors: Brosten Tyler R. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe consider convection–diffusion transport of a passive scalar within porous media having a piecewise-smooth and reflecting pore–grain interface. The corresponding short-time expansion of molecular displacement time-correlation functions is determined for the generalized steady convection field. By interpreting the generalized short-time expansion of dispersion dynamics in the context of low-Reynolds-number flow through macroscopically homogeneous porous media, we demonstrate the connection between hydrodynamic permeability and short-time dynamics. The analytical short-time expansion is compared with numerical simulation data for steady low-Reynolds-number flow through a random close-pack array of mono-disperse spheres. The quadratic short-time expansion term of the dispersion coefficient closely predicts the numerical data for a mean displacement of at least 10 % of the sphere diameter for a Péclet number of 54.49.
Instabilities of natural convection in a periodically heated layer
Authors: Hossain M. Z. , Floryan J. M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractNatural convection in an infinite horizontal layer subject to periodic heating along the lower wall has been investigated using a combination of numerical and asymptotic techniques. The heating maintains the same mean temperatures at both walls while producing sinusoidal temperature variations along one horizontal direction, with its spatial distribution characterized by the wavenumber $\alpha $ and the amplitude expressed in terms of a Rayleigh number $R{a}_{p} $. The primary response of the system takes the form of stationary convection consisting of rolls with the axis orthogonal to the heating wave vector and structure determined by the particular values of $R{a}_{p} $ and $\alpha $. It is shown that for sufficiently large $\alpha $ convection is limited to a thin layer adjacent to the lower wall with a uniform conduction zone emerging above it; the temperature in this zone becomes independent of the heating pattern and varies in the vertical direction only. Linear stability of the above system has been considered and conditions leading to the emergence of secondary convection have been identified. Secondary convection gives rise to either longitudinal rolls, transverse rolls or oblique rolls at the onset, depending on $\alpha $. The longitudinal rolls are parallel to the primary rolls and the transverse rolls are orthogonal to the primary rolls, and both result in striped patterns. The oblique rolls lead to the formation of convection cells with aspect ratio dictated by their inclination angle and formation of rhombic patterns. Two mechanisms of instability have been identified. In the case of $\alpha = O(1)$, parametric resonance dominates and leads to a pattern of instability that is locked in with the pattern of heating according to the relation ${\delta }_{cr} = \alpha / 2$, where ${\delta }_{cr} $ denotes the component of the critical disturbance wave vector parallel to the heating wave vector. The second mechanism, the Rayleigh–Bénard (RB) mechanism, dominates for large $\alpha $, where the instability is driven by the uniform mean vertical temperature gradient created by the primary convection, with the critical disturbance wave vector ${\delta }_{cr} \rightarrow 1. 56$ for $\alpha \rightarrow \infty $ and the fluid response becoming similar to that found in the case of a uniformly heated wall. Competition between these mechanisms gives rise to non-commensurable states in the case of longitudinal rolls and the appearance of soliton lattices, to the formation of distorted transverse rolls, and to the appearance of the wave vector component in the direction perpendicular to the forcing direction. A rapid stabilization is observed when the heating wavenumber is reduced below $\alpha \approx 2. 2$ and no instability is found when $\alpha \lt 1. 6$ in the range of $R{a}_{p} $ considered. It is shown that $\alpha $ plays the role of an effective pattern control parameter and its judicious selection provides a means for the creation of a wide range of flow responses.
On the semiampleness of the positive part of CKM Zariski decompositions
Authors: CACCIOLA SALVATORE 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe study graded rings associated to big divisors on LC pairs whose difference with the log-canonical divisor is nef. For divisors that are positive enough at the LC centers of the pair, we prove the finite generation of such rings if the pair is DLT or the dimension is low, given that a Zariski decomposition exists.