bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Committed Procurement in Privately Negotiated Markets: Evidence from Laboratory Markets
Authors: Sabasi Darlington M. , Bastian Christopher T. , Menkhaus Dale J. , Phillips Owen R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPrevious research suggests an increase in committed procurement can result in lower cash market prices for livestock. There is a paucity of research that ascertains prices received by market agents trading in a prior bargaining session via alternative marketing arrangements versus those who have not. We use laboratory market experiments to analyze the potential impacts of committed procurement on privately negotiated transactions when some traders have two windows of negotiation and others have one. Results illustrate that those who do not engage in prior trading are at a bargaining disadvantage due to matching and inventory loss risks.
European Pediatricians' Approach to Children With GER Symptoms
Authors: Quitadamo Paolo , Papadopoulou Alexandra , Wenzl Tobias , Urbonas Vaidotas , Kneepkens C.M. Frank , Roman Enriqueta , Orel Rok , Pavkov Danijela Jojkić , Dias Jorge Amil , Vandenplas Yvan , Kostovski Aco , Miele Erasmo , Villani Alberto , Staiano Annamaria 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the current implementation of the 2009 North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition‐European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines, and to assess proton pump inhibitors' (PPIs) prescribing patterns among pediatricians from different European countries.Methods:A randomly identified sample of general pediatricians distributed across 11 European countries. They were asked to complete a case report–structured questionnaire investigating their approaches to infants, children, and adolescents with symptoms suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux.Results:A total of 567 European general pediatricians completed the study questionnaire. Only 1.8% of them showed complete adherence to the guidelines. Forty‐six percent of them reported that they diagnose gastroesophageal reflux disease based on clinical symptoms irrespective of the age of the child; 39% prescribe PPIs in infants with unexplained crying and/or distressed behavior and 36% prescribe PPIs in infants with uncomplicated recurrent regurgitation and vomiting; 48% prescribed PPIs in children younger than 8 to 12 years with vomiting and heartburn, without specific testing; 45% discontinue PPI therapy abruptly rather than tapering the dose. The overall rate of pediatricians overprescribing PPIs was 82%.Conclusions:The overall results of our survey show that the majority of pediatricians are unaware of 2009 North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition‐European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition reflux guidelines and often prescribe PPIs despite a lack of efficacy for the symptoms being treated. The overdiagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease places undue burden on both families and national health systems, which has not been affected by the publication of international guidelines.
Ultrasonographic Predictors of Esophageal Varices
Authors: de Alcantara Roberta V. , Yamada Roberto M. , Cardoso Sílvia R. , de Fátima Maria , Servidoni C.P. , Hessel Gabriel 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of this study was to identify ultrasonographic predictors of esophageal varices (EVs) in children and adolescents with chronic liver disease (CLD) and extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO).Methods:This study evaluates 53 patients younger than 20 years with CLD or EHPVO and no history of bleeding or prophylactic EVs treatment. They were divided into 2 groups: group I (35 with CLD) and group II (18 with EHPVO). Splenorenal shunt (SS), gallbladder wall varices, gallbladder wall thickening (GT), and lesser omental thickness (LOT) were compared with the presence of EVs, gastric varices, and portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG). Univariate (χ2 test, Fisher exact test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test) and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses were performed. The area under the receiver operating curve was calculated.Results:EVs were observed in 48.5% of patients with CLD and in 83.3% of patients with EHPVO. SS (P = 0.0329) and LOT (P = 0.0151) predicted EV among patients with CLD. A median of 5.3 mm of LOT was considered a predictor of EVs among these patients. Multivariate analysis showed SS as an independent predictor of EVs in patients with EHPVO (odds ratio 15). Gallbladder varices (P = 0.0245) and GT (P = 0.0289) predicted EVs among patients with EHPVO. PHG occurred more often among patients with CLD who had SS (P = 0.0384) and greater LOT (P = 0.0226).Conclusions:SS and a greater LOT were indicative of EV among children and adolescents with CLD. Gallbladder varices and GT were indicative of EVs among patients with EHPVO. SS and a greater LOT were indicative of PHG among patients with CLD.
Host gene evolution traces the evolutionary history of ancient primate lentiviruses
Authors: Compton Alex A. , Malik Harmit S. , Emerman Michael 
Published: August 2013

Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) have infected primate species long before human immunodeficiency virus has infected humans. Dozens of species-specific lentiviruses are found in African primate species, including two strains that have repeatedly jumped into human populations within the past century. Traditional phylogenetic approaches have grossly underestimated the age of these primate lentiviruses. Instead, here we review how selective pressures imposed by these viruses have fundamentally altered the evolutionary trajectory of hosts genes and, even in cases where there now remains no trace of the viruses themselves, these evolutionary signatures can reveal the types of viruses that were once present. Examination of selection by ancient viruses on the adaptive evolution of host genes has been used to derive minimum age estimates for modern primate lentiviruses. This type of data suggests that ancestors of modern SIV existed in simian primates more than 10 Ma. Moreover, examples of host resistance and viral adaptation have implications not only for estimating the age and host range of ancient primate lentiviruses, but also the pathogenic potential of their modern counterparts.
Jasmonate Regulates the INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION–C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR/DRE BINDING FACTOR1 Cascade and Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hu Yanru , Jiang Liqun , Wang Fang , Yu Diqiu 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION (ICE)–C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR/DRE BINDING FACTOR1 (CBF/DREB1) transcriptional pathway plays a critical role in modulating cold stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Dissecting crucial upstream regulatory signals or components of the ICE-CBF/DREB1 cascade will enhance our understanding of plant cold-tolerance mechanisms. Here, we show that jasmonate positively regulates plant responses to freezing stress in Arabidopsis. Exogenous application of jasmonate significantly enhanced plant freezing tolerance with or without cold acclimation. By contrast, blocking endogenous jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling rendered plants hypersensitive to freezing stress. Consistent with the positive role of jasmonate in freezing stress, production of endogenous jasmonate was triggered by cold treatment. In addition, cold induction of genes acting in the CBF/DREB1 signaling pathway was upregulated by jasmonate. Further investigation revealed that several JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins, the repressors of jasmonate signaling, physically interact with ICE1 and ICE2 transcription factors. JAZ1 and JAZ4 repress the transcriptional function of ICE1, thereby attenuating the expression of its regulon. Consistent with this, overexpression of JAZ1 or JAZ4 represses freezing stress responses of Arabidopsis. Taken together, our study provides evidence that jasmonate functions as a critical upstream signal of the ICE-CBF/DREB1 pathway to positively regulate Arabidopsis freezing tolerance.
Haploinsufficiency of endogenous parathyroid hormone‐related peptide impairs bone fracture healing
Authors: Wang Yin‐He , Qiu Yong , Han Xiao‐Dong , Xiong Jin , Chen Yi‐Xin , Shi Hong‐Fei , Karaplis Andrew 
Published: August 2013

Summary

Previous studies have demonstrated that endogenous parathyroid hormone‐related peptide (PTHrP) plays a central role in the physiological regulation of bone formation. However, it is unclear whether endogenous PTHrP plays an important function in enhancing bone fracture healing.

To determine whether endogenous PTHrP haploinsufficiency impaired bone fracture healing, closed mid‐diaphyseal femur fractures were created in 8‐week‐old wild‐type and Pthrp+/− mice. Callus tissue properties were analysed 1, 2 and 4 weeks after fracture by radiography, histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology.

The size of the calluses was reduced 2 weeks after fracture, and the fracture repairs were poor 4 weeks after fractures, in Pthrp+/− compared with wild‐type mice. Cartilaginous callus areas were reduced 1 week after fracture, but were increased 2 weeks after fracture in Pthrp+/− mice. There was a reduction in the number of ostoblasts, alkaline phosphatase (ALP)‐positive areas, Type I collagen immunopositive areas, mRNA levels of ALP, Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Type I collagen, Runx2 and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 protein levels, the number of osteoclasts and the surface in callus tissues in Pthrp+/− compared with wild‐type mice.

These results demonstrate that endogenous PTHrP haploinsufficiency impairs the fracture repair process by reducing cartilaginous and bony callus formation, with downregulation of osteoblastic gene and protein expression and a reduction in endochondral bone formation, osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption. Together, the results indicate that endogenous PTHrP plays an important role in fracture healing.
Morphological and molecular marker contributions to disentangling the cryptic Hermeuptychia hermes species complex (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina)
Authors: Seraphim N. , Marín M. A. , Freitas A. V. L. , Silva‐Brandão K. L. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe genus Hermeuptychia is common and widespread through the Americas, from Argentina to the southern United States of America. All eight recognized species within Hermeuptychia are small and brown, with very similar interspecific external morphologies and intraspecifically variable ocelli patterns that render taxonomic identification based on morphology difficult. In our study, we surveyed variability within Hermeuptychia, and evaluated species boundaries based on molecular data (sequences of the ‘barcode’ mitochondrial DNA COI gene) and morphology (mainly male genitalia), using a phylogenetic approach. We found eight DNA‐based and 12 morphological groups in our sampling. Species names were assigned based mainly on comparisons with male genitalia morphology descriptions corresponding to name‐bearing type specimens. Morphological and DNA variability were highly congruent, with the exception of group H, the Hermeuptychia cucullina complex. Also, the barcode region showed a clear threshold for intra‐ and interspecific mean distances around 2%. Based on these results, we circumscribe the species boundaries in the genus Hermeuptychia and discuss conflicts between mitochondrial genes and classic morphological approaches for identifying and delimiting species. Our study revealed cryptic diversity within an ubiquitous genus of Neotropical butterflies.
Object processing for action across childhood
Authors: Dekker Tessa M. , Mareschal Denis 
Published: August 2013

Human adults process and select the opportunities for action in their environment rapidly, efficiently, and effortlessly. While several studies have revealed substantial improvements in object recognition skills, motor abilities, and control over the motor system during late childhood, surprisingly little is known about how object processing for action develops during this period. This study addresses this issue by investigating how the ability to ignore actions potentiated by a familiar utensil develops between ages 6 and 10 years. It is the first study to demonstrate that (1) the mechanisms that transform a graspable visual stimulus into an object‐appropriate motor response are in place by the sixth year of life and (2) graspable features of an object can facilitate and interfere with manual responses in an adult‐like manner by this age. The results suggest that there may be distinct developmental trajectories for the ability to ignore motor responses triggered by visual affordances and the stimulus response compatibility effects typically assessed with Simon tasks.
Dai, David Yun ed (2012) Design research on learning and thinking in educational settingsRoutledge (New York & London) isbn 978‐0‐415‐88051‐0 299 pp £32.99 http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415880510/
Authors: Dettori Giuliana 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThis rich and very interesting book, addressed to professionals and graduate students interested in educational innovation, investigates the creation of optimal learning conditions and how these can support personal and context resources. This is to help learners achieve not only content knowledge and competence but also a favourable disposition to learn and to make use of higher‐order thinking skills. If the content of this book is likely to be relevant to your research and development, I recommend that you borrow a copy to study.Giuliana Dettori
McGreal, Rory et al ed (2013) Open educational resources: Innovation, research and practiceCommonwealth of learning (Vancouver) isbn 978‐1‐894975‐62‐9 239 pp CDN$12 (free pdf or e‐book) http://www.col.org/resources/publications/Pages/detail.aspx?PID=446
Authors: Cannell Pete 
Published: August 2013

SummaryA timely and wide ranging look at the developing world of Open Educational Resources (oer), with contributions that will be valuable for academics, developers and anyone wishing to gain an informed overview of the field. If you believe the content of this book may well be be relevant to you, I suggest that you borrow a copy to study.Pete Cannell
Rose, Ellen (2013) On reflectionCanadian Scholars' Press (Toronto) isbn 978‐1‐551‐30518‐9 124 pp $29.95 www.cspi.org/books/reflection
Authors: Cowan John 
Published: August 2013

SummaryEllen Rose sets out to initiate deep thinking about what reflection is and should be. She achieves that in an elegantly written, highly readable and thought‐provoking treasure‐trove of scholarly writing. This should be essential reading for those who value reflection and reflective activity. Readers will rejoice in having their thinking on the subject deepened by this exceptional thinker. If you are intrigued by the content of this book, I recommend you purchase a copy for your own use.John Cowan
Optimization of Compound Ranking for Structure‐Based Virtual Ligand Screening Using an Established FRED–Surflex Consensus Approach
Authors: Du Jiangfeng , Bleylevens Ivo W. M. , Bitorina Albert V. , Wichapong Kanin , Nicolaes Gerry A. F. 
Published: August 2013

The use of multiple target conformers has been applied successfully in virtual screening campaigns; however, a study on how to best combine scores for multiple targets in a hierarchic method that combines rigid and flexible docking is not available. In this study, we used a data set of 59 479 compounds to screen multiple conformers of four distinct protein targets to obtain an adapted and optimized combination of an established hierarchic method that employs the programs FRED and Surflex. Our study was extended and verified by application of our protocol to ten different data sets from the directory of useful decoys (DUD). We quantitated overall method performance in ensemble docking and compared several consensus scoring methods to improve the enrichment during virtual ligand screening. We conclude that one of the methods used, which employs a consensus weighted scoring of multiple target conformers, performs consistently better than methods that do not include such consensus scoring. For optimal overall performance in ensemble docking, it is advisable to first calculate a consensus of FRED results and use this consensus as a sub‐data set for Surflex screening. Furthermore, we identified an optimal method for each of the chosen targets and propose how to optimize the enrichment for any target.
The Goal Circuit Model: A Hierarchical Multi‐Route Model of the Acquisition and Control of Routine Sequential Action in Humans
Authors: Cooper Richard P. , Ruh Nicolas , Mareschal Denis 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHuman control of action in routine situations involves a flexible interplay between (a) task‐dependent serial ordering constraints; (b) top‐down, or intentional, control processes; and (c) bottom‐up, or environmentally triggered, affordances. In addition, the interaction between these influences is modulated by learning mechanisms that, over time, appear to reduce the need for top‐down control processes while still allowing those processes to intervene at any point if necessary or if desired. We present a model of the acquisition and control of goal‐directed action that goes beyond existing models by operationalizing an interface between two putative systems—a routine and a non‐routine system—thereby demonstrating how explicitly represented goals can interact with the emergent task representations that develop through learning in the routine system. The gradual emergence of task representations offers an explanation for the transfer of control with experience from the non‐routine goal‐based system to the routine system. At the same time it allows action selection to be sensitive both to environmental triggers and to biasing from multiple levels within the goal system.
Population‐based studies of brain imaging patterns in cerebral palsy
Authors: Reid Susan M , Dagia Charuta D , Ditchfield Michael R , Carlin John B , Reddihough Dinah S 
Published: August 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to review the distribution of neuroimaging findings from a contemporary population cohort of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and to facilitate standardization of imaging classification.MethodPublications from 1995 to 2012 reporting imaging findings in population cohorts were selected through a literature search, and review of the titles, abstracts, and content of studies. Relevant data were extracted, including unpublished data from Victoria, Australia. The proportions for each imaging pattern were tabulated, and heterogeneity was assessed for all individuals with CP, and for subgroups based on gestational age, CP subtype, and Gross Motor Function Classification System level.ResultsStudies from three geographic regions met the inclusion criteria for individuals with CP, and two additional studies reported on specific CP subtypes. Brain abnormalities were observed in 86% of scans, but were observed least often in children with ataxia (24–57%). White matter injury was the most common imaging pattern (19–45%), although the proportions showed high heterogeneity. Additional patterns were grey matter injury (21%), focal vascular insults (10%), malformations (11%), and miscellaneous findings (4–22%).InterpretationThis review suggests areas where further dialogue will facilitate progress towards standardization of neuroimaging classification. Standardization will enable future collaborations aimed at exploring the relationships among magnetic resonance imaging patterns, risk factors, and clinical outcomes, and, ultimately, lead to better understanding of causal pathways and opportunities for prevention.
Left Ventricular Mass and Hypertrophy by Echocardiography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Armstrong Anderson C. , Gjesdal Ola , Almeida André , Nacif Marcelo , Wu Colin , Bluemke David A. , Brumback Lyndia , Lima João A. C. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundLeft ventricular mass (LVM) and hypertrophy (LVH) are important parameters, but their use is surrounded by controversies. We compare LVM by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), investigating reproducibility aspects and the effect of echocardiography image quality. We also compare indexing methods within and between imaging modalities for classification of LVH and cardiovascular risk.MethodsMulti‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis enrolled 880 participants in Baltimore city, 146 had echocardiograms and CMR on the same day. LVM was then assessed using standard techniques. Echocardiography image quality was rated (good/limited) according to the parasternal view. LVH was defined after indexing LVM to body surface area, height1.7, height2.7, or by the predicted LVM from a reference group. Participants were classified for cardiovascular risk according to Framingham score. Pearson's correlation, Bland–Altman plots, percent agreement, and kappa coefficient assessed agreement within and between modalities.ResultsLeft ventricular mass by echocardiography (140 ± 40 g) and by CMR were correlated (r = 0.8, P < 0.001) regardless of the echocardiography image quality. The reproducibility profile had strong correlations and agreement for both modalities. Image quality groups had similar characteristics; those with good images compared to CMR slightly superiorly. The prevalence of LVH tended to be higher with higher cardiovascular risk. The agreement for LVH between imaging modalities ranged from 77% to 98% and the kappa coefficient from 0.10 to 0.76.ConclusionsEchocardiography has a reliable performance for LVM assessment and classification of LVH, with limited influence of image quality. Echocardiography and CMR differ in the assessment of LVH, and additional differences rise from the indexing methods.
Three‐Dimensional Echocardiographic Delineation of an Acquired Aorto‐Left Atrial Fistula Complicating Native Aortic Valve Endocarditis – “Advantage of Three Dimensions”
Authors: Chandra Sharad , Ameta Deepak , Kharwar Rajiv Bharat , Goyal Mukesh , Kumar Devesh , Dwivedi Sudhanshu Kumar , Saran Ram Kirti 
Published: August 2013

Mini‐AbstractAorto‐atrial fistulas are rare, but important complications resulting from aortic valve infective endocarditis, aortic valve surgery, or aortic dissection. We hereby report a case of 20‐year‐old male, referred to us with infective endocarditis of the native aortic valve with severe aortic regurgitation and symptoms of heart failure. Detailed evaluation with two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography revealed aorto‐left atrial fistula secondary to the involvement of the mitral–aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF) region. The patient underwent successful removal of the vegetations, closure of the defect along with aortic valve replacement and mitral valve repair.