bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of exogenous melatonin and photoperiod on sexual maturation in pullets
Authors: Chen H. , Di K.‐Q. , Hao E.‐Y. , Ye M. , Zha Q.‐C. , Li L.‐H. , Bai K. , Huang R.‐L. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryHy‐Line Gray commercial pullets were maintained under 8‐h photoperiods, 16‐h photoperiods and 16‐h photoperiods supplemented with a diet containing 20 or 200 mg/kg melatonin (MEL) to investigate the role of MEL in sexual development. A total of 256 Hy‐Line Gray commercial pullets were placed, four birds to a cage, in four similar light‐proof rooms (8‐h photoperiod) at 6 weeks of age. At 70 day, three rooms containing a total of 192 birds were transferred to a 16‐h photoperiod, whereas 64 birds were maintained under the 8‐h photoperiod. Diets containing MEL at 20 and 200 mg/kg were fed to birds in two of the rooms under 16‐h photoperiods. Birds maintained under an 8‐h photoperiod matured 11.25 day later than those maintained under a 16‐h photoperiod (p < 0.05). The group of birds receiving 20 mg/kg MEL matured 1.19 day later than those maintained under the 16‐h photoperiod and 10.06 day earlier than those maintained under the 8‐h photoperiod. The group of birds receiving 200 mg/kg MEL matured 3.13 day later than those maintained under a 16‐h photoperiod and 8.12 day earlier than those maintained under an 8‐h photoperiod. The average body weight of birds maintained under the 8‐h photoperiod was greater than that of birds maintained under the 16‐h photoperiod (p < 0.05) and was similar between the different MEL groups. The abdominal fat weight was lower in 16L:8D group compared with 8L:16D group (p < 0.05). The concentrations of follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, oestrogen and insulin did not differ significantly among the groups. The melatonin concentration in 200 mg/kg melatonin group was higher than that observed in the other groups; however, this concentration did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). These data suggest that the birds did not perceive the final 8‐h photoperiod as being part of the night when they were given the MEL diets; continuously high plasma MEL was not observed in birds that responded as if they were in constant darkness. However, the later maturity of the groups administered MEL diets compared with the groups maintained under a constant 16‐h photoperiod clearly indicated that MEL has some influence on the sexual maturity of pullets.
Standardization of Penile Plethysmography Testing in Assessment of Problematic Sexual Interests
Authors: Murphy Lisa , Ranger Rebekah , Paul Fedoroff J. , Stewart Hannah , Gregg Dwyer R. , Burke William 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Penile plethysmography (PPG) is an objective measure of sexual arousal for men, commonly used to assess sexual arousal to both abnormal (i.e., paraphilic) and normal stimuli. While PPG has become a standard measure in the assessment and treatment of male sex offenders and men with paraphilic interests in both Canada and the United States, there is a lack of standardization of stimulus sets and interpretation of results between sites. The current article critically reviews the current state of the art while highlighting clinical and research efforts that may be undertaken in an attempt to reduce issues arising from lack of standardization across sites. Types and themes of stimulus sets, assessment apparatuses, laboratory preparation, and testing procedures are discussed. The continued development of standardized testing protocol and procedures across multiple international sites continues to be encouraged to promote unified PPG administration and interpretation, thus further enhancing the practical utility of the measurements and decreasing inter-rater discrepancies and error.
The management and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: what has changed in 20 years?
Authors: Yim Sun Young , Seo Yeon Seok , Jung Chang Ho , Kim Tae Hyung , Lee Jae Min , Kim Eun Sun , Keum Bora , Jong Young Kul , An Hyunggin , Kim Ji Hoon , Yim Hyung Joon , Kim Dong Sik , Jeen Yoon Tae , Yeon Jong Eun , Lee Hong Sik , Chun Hoon Jai , Byun Kwan Soo , Um Soon Ho , Kim Chang Duck , Ryu Ho Sang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground & aimsThere has been remarkable progress in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during the last several decades, but its effect on the prognosis of HCC patient needs clarification. We analysed the changes that affected prognosis of HCC patients diagnosed over two different eras.MethodsA retrospective study of 1318 patients diagnosed with HCC from 1986 to 2012 was conducted. Analysis was done according to two cohorts, cohort 1 (patients diagnosed with HCC from 1986 to 1992) and cohort 2 (patients diagnosed from 2006 to 2012).ResultsHepatitis B virus was the most common cause of liver disease for both cohorts (66.2% and 66.0%). The proportion of patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0/A was significantly lower in cohort 1 than in cohort 2 (14.4% vs. 39.5%, P < 0.001). The proportions of patients diagnosed during surveillance and general health check‐up were significantly higher in cohort 2 than in cohort 1 (28.6% vs. 10.6% and 26.3% vs. 7.9%, respectively) while those diagnosed during symptomatic evaluation was significantly higher in cohort 1 than in cohort 2 (45.1 vs. 81.4%, P < 0.001). Surgical resection rate was similar between the two cohorts (26.1% vs 26%) while the transcatheter arterial chemoembolization rate which was the highest in cohort 1 (40.6%) was overtaken by radiofrequency ablation in cohort 2 (55%) at BCLC stage 0/A. Median survival duration in cohort 2 was significantly longer than cohort 1 (65.0 vs. 7.9 months, P < 0.001).ConclusionsImplementation of national cancer surveillance and the advancement of treatment modalities have likely led to early detection of HCC and improvements in prognosis over the last 20 years.
Recurrence: A Neglected Aspect of the Sraffian Critique of Marginalism
Authors: Opocher Arrigo , Steedman Ian 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe significance of ‘reswitching’—that great symbolic issue of the Cambridge capital debates—has sometimes been denied on the ground of a low probability. This article investigates the industry‐level return, in different equilibria, of the use of one or more (or all) inputs. Such phenomena, which we call ‘recurrence’, are generically far more probable than the return of a whole economy‐level technique and can be triggered, not only by a change in the interest rate, but also by a change in relative primary input prices. Since recurrence alone, without reswitching, is damaging to standard marginalist conceptions, one should not attribute too much importance to any low ‘probability of reswitching’.
Objects Possessed, Drawn, Touched, Identified, and Sold: Effective Material Culture Exercises for the Anthropology Classroom
Authors: Causey Andrew 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTeaching the anthropology of material culture to non‐majors at an arts college requires a flexible pedagogy and a creative approach. In this article, I discuss some of the specific challenges of effectively engaging arts majors who often arrive at the classroom interested only in fulfilling their general education requirements. I identify five approaches to the anthropological study of objects (object as personal identity, object as “thing in the world,” object as skilled manufacture, object as cultural artifact, and object as commodity) followed by descriptions of course projects that are adaptable to many undergraduate teaching situations. In discussing the projects, I describe how to get the most out of each exercise, with notes on how to avoid common problems. The article's aim is to encourage educators to develop and embrace innovative object‐centered approaches when teaching non‐majors. [material culture, objects, pedagogy, praxis‐based projects]
This Exhibition is about now: Tasmanian Aboriginality at the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery
Authors: Berk Christopher 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article focuses on the design and execution of two exhibits about Tasmanian Aboriginality at the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. The first is a Tasmanian Aboriginal group exhibit from 1931, which was heavily informed by ideologies of Tasmanian primitivity and extinction. The second is 2008's tayenebe, a celebration of the resurgence of fiber work among Tasmanian Aboriginal women. In each instance, the Tasmanian Aboriginal people are on display, but the level of community control and subtext is notably different. This article builds on discussions of cultural revitalization and reclamation by showing the process and how it is depicted for public consumption. [cultural revitalization, representation, indigeneity, Tasmania, Australia]
Variation in trait trade‐offs allows differentiation among predefined plant functional types: implications for predictive ecology
Authors: Verheijen Lieneke M. , Aerts Rien , Bönisch Gerhard , Kattge Jens , Van Bodegom Peter M. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryPlant functional types (PFTs) aggregate the variety of plant species into a small number of functionally different classes. We examined to what extent plant traits, which reflect species’ functional adaptations, can capture functional differences between predefinedPFTs and which traits optimally describe these differences.We applied Gaussian kernel density estimation to determine probability density functions for individualPFTs in ann‐dimensional trait space and compared predictedPFTs with observedPFTs. All possible combinations of 1–6 traits from a database with 18 different traits (total of 18 287 species) were tested.A variety of trait sets had approximately similar performance, and 4–5 traits were sufficient to classify up to 85% of the species intoPFTs correctly, whereas this was 80% for a bioclimatically defined treePFTclassification. Well‐performing trait sets included combinations of correlated traits that are considered functionally redundant within a single plant strategy.This analysis quantitatively demonstrates how structural differences betweenPFTs are reflected in functional differences described by particular traits. Differentiation betweenPFTs is possible despite large overlap in plant strategies and traits, showing thatPFTs are differently positioned in multidimensional trait space. This study therefore provides the foundation for important applications for predictive ecology.
Plasmablastic lymphoma of the maxillary sinus; a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ryan P. , Patel N. , Cullingham P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPlasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare and aggressive variant of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). It is a recently described variant of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma that occurs almost exclusively in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, in the post‐transplant setting and in other immunosuppressive states. Only a handful of cases have been reported in the literature affecting immunocompetent patients. We present a rare case of PBL arising in the maxillary sinus in an immunocompetent, HIV‐negative patient. The malignancy first presented in general dental practice as painless tooth mobility.
Stomatal responses to vapour pressure deficit are regulated by high speed gene expression in angiosperms
Authors: McAdam Scott A. M. , Sussmilch Frances C. , Brodribb Timothy J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPlants dynamically regulate water use by the movement of stomata on the surface of leaves. Stomatal responses to changes in vapour pressure deficit (VPD) are the principal regulator of daytime transpiration and water use efficiency in land plants. In angiosperms, stomatal responses to VPD appear to be regulated by the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), yet the origin of this ABA is controversial. After a 20 min exposure of plants, from three diverse angiosperm species, to a doubling in VPD, stomata closed, foliar ABA levels increased and the expression of the gene encoding the key, rate‐limiting carotenoid cleavage enzyme (9‐cis‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, NCED) in the ABA biosynthetic pathway was significantly up‐regulated. The NCED gene was the only gene in the ABA biosynthetic pathway to be up‐regulated over the short time scale corresponding to the response of stomata. The closure of stomata and rapid increase in foliar ABA levels could not be explained by the release of ABA from internal stores in the leaf or the hydrolysis of the conjugate ABA‐glucose ester. These results implicate an extremely rapid de novo biosynthesis of ABA, mediated by a single gene, as the means by which angiosperm stomata respond to natural changes in VPD.
Driving forces of soil organic matter change inJiangsuProvince ofChina
Authors: Zhao M.‐S. , Zhang G.‐L. , Wu Y.‐J. , Li D.‐C. , Zhao Y.‐G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSoil organic matter (SOM) is a key property determining soil functions and a major form of carbon stored in soil. Understanding the spatial and temporal variability ofSOMand the driving forces responsible for spatial and temporal changes is important to assess regional soil quality and carbon sequestration potential and, particularly, to establish better practices for land use and management. We evaluated the spatio‐temporal change inSOMcontent from 1979–1982 to 2006 and its driving forces in Jiangsu Province, East China, using geostatistics. The results showed that meanSOM content increased from 16.60 ± 8.50 to 18.31 ± 8.32 g/kg over a 26‐yr period. The maps ofSOMgenerated by ordinary kriging represented the increasing trend from north to south across the province in the two periods. The level ofSOMin 1979–1982 affected the pattern of change: theSOMincreasing in areas initially with a small content while decreasing in areas having a large content. The map ofSOMchange showed that the rate of increase decreased from north to south within the province. Increased fertilizer application promoted crop production with more residual biomass being retained in the soil, which resulted in increasedSOMcontent. Land use changes to paddy, upland or forest improvedSOMcontent, whereas abandoning land reducedSOMcontent.
Diversity as Asset
Authors: Bender Andrea , Beller Sieghard , Nersessian Nancy J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe begin our commentary by summarizing the commonalities and differences in cognitive phenomena across cultures, as found by the seven papers of this topic. We then assess the commonalities and differences in how our various authors have approached the study of cognitive diversity, and speculate on the need for, and potential of, cross‐disciplinary collaboration.
Retinol dehydrogenase 8 and ATP‐binding cassette transporter 4 modulate dark adaptation of M‐cones in mammalian retina
Authors: Kolesnikov Alexander V. , Maeda Akiko , Tang Peter H. , Imanishi Yoshikazu , Palczewski Krzysztof , Kefalov Vladimir J. 
Published: September 2015

Key points
This study explores the molecular mechanisms that regulate the recycling of chromophore required for pigment regeneration in mammalian cones.
We report that two chromophore binding proteins, retinol dehydrogenase 8 (RDH8) and photoreceptor‐specific ATP‐binding cassette transporter (ABCA4) accelerate the dark adaptation of cones, first, directly, by facilitating the processing of chromophore in cones, and second, indirectly, by accelerating the turnover of chromophore in rods, which is then recycled and delivered to both rods and cones.
Preventing competition with the rods by knocking out rhodopsin accelerated cone dark adaptation, demonstrating the interplay between rod and cone pigment regeneration driven by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).
This novel interdependence of rod and cone pigment regeneration should be considered when developing therapies targeting the recycling of chromophore for rods, and evaluating residual cone function should be a critical test for such regimens targeting the RPE.
AbstractRapid recycling of visual chromophore and regeneration of the visual pigment are critical for the continuous function of mammalian cone photoreceptors in daylight vision. However, the molecular mechanisms modulating the supply of visual chromophore to cones have remained unclear. Here we explored the roles of two chromophore‐binding proteins, retinol dehydrogenase 8 (RDH8) and photoreceptor‐specific ATP‐binding cassette transporter 4 (ABCA4), in dark adaptation of mammalian cones. We report that young adult RDH8/ABCA4‐deficient mice have normal M‐cone morphology but reduced visual acuity and photoresponse amplitudes. Notably, the deletion of RDH8 and ABCA4 suppressed the dark adaptation of M‐cones driven by both the intraretinal visual cycle and the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) visual cycle. This delay can be caused by two separate mechanisms: direct involvement of RDH8 and ABCA4 in cone chromophore processing, and an indirect effect from the delayed recycling of chromophore by the RPE due to its slow release from RDH8/ABCA4‐deficient rods. Intriguingly, our data suggest that RDH8 could also contribute to the oxidation of cis‐retinoids in cones, a key reaction of the retina visual cycle. Finally, we dissected the roles of rod photoreceptors and RPE for dark adaptation of M‐cones. We found that rods suppress, whereas RPE promotes, cone dark adaptation. Thus, therapeutic approaches targeting the RPE visual cycle could have adverse effects on the function of cones, making the evaluation of residual cone function a critical test for regimens targeting the RPE.
Two- and Three-Dimensional Model for Sound Attenuation by Objects on Propagation
Authors: Li W. , Zheng Z. C. , Zhang J. , Ke G. 
Published: September 2015

It is well known that the performance of open field acoustic sensors is affected by complex sound propagation phenomena occurring in outdoor settings, such as ground effects, noise from atmospheric turbulence, refraction by wind and temperature gradients, diffraction over buildings and hills, and acoustic sensors on moving platforms. In addition, the behavior of sound propagation changes at the interface of different media. We have developed a time-domain simulation that enables the numerical simulation of all the mentioned factors. This capability provides information on the effect of sound waves once they reach a sensor or a target. We are implementing this algorithm for 3D, long-distance propagations. The challenge is three-fold: a) efficient parallelization; b) moving frame capability in 3D for long-distance propagation simulation; c) accurately implementing the perfectly match layer (PML) methods to represent the free boundaries.
In this paper, we have selected cylinders as the objects for sound wave to propagate through. Both 2D and 3D simulations were conducted. The results are compared with available measurement data in the literature. The phenomena are discussed in the context of 2D and 3D propagation behaviors.
Thermal safety of ultrasound‐enhanced ocular drug delivery: A modeling study
Authors: Nabili Marjan , Geist Craig , Zderic Vesna 
Published: September 2015

Purpose:Delivery of sufficient amounts of therapeutic drugs into the eye for treatment of various ocular diseases is often a challenging task. Ultrasound was shown to be effective in enhancing ocular drug delivery in the authors’ previous in vitro and in vivo studies.Methods:The study reported here was designed to investigate the safety of ultrasound application and its potential thermal effects in the eye using PZFlex modeling software. The safety limit in this study was set as a temperature increase of no more than 1.5 °C based on regulatory recommendations and previous experimental safety studies. Acoustic and thermal specifications of different human eye tissues were obtained from the published literature. The tissues of particular interest in this modeling safety study were cornea, lens, and the location of optic nerve in the posterior eye. Ultrasound application was modeled at frequencies of 400 kHz–1 MHz, intensities of 0.3–1 W/cm2, and exposure duration of 5 min, which were the parameters used in the authors’ previous drug delivery experiments. The baseline eye temperature was 37 °C.Results:The authors’ results showed that the maximal tissue temperatures after 5 min of ultrasound application were 38, 39, 39.5, and 40 °C in the cornea, 39.5, 40, 42, and 43 °C in the center of the lens, and 37.5, 38.5, and 39 °C in the back of the eye (at the optic nerve location) at frequencies of 400, 600, 800 kHz, and 1 MHz, respectively.Conclusions:The ocular temperatures reached at higher frequencies were considered unsafe based on current recommendations. At a frequency of 400 kHz and intensity of 0.8 W/cm2 (parameters shown in the authors’ previous in vivo studies to be optimal for ocular drug delivery), the temperature increase was small enough to be considered safe inside different ocular tissues. However, the impact of orbital bone and tissue perfusion should be included in future modeling efforts to determine the safety of this method in the whole orbit especially regarding potential adverse optic nerve heating at the location of the bone.
SPEQTACLE: An automated generalized fuzzy C‐means algorithm for tumor delineation in PET
Authors: Lapuyade‐Lahorgue Jérôme , Visvikis Dimitris , Pradier Olivier , Cheze Le Rest Catherine , Hatt Mathieu 
Published: September 2015

Purpose:Accurate tumor delineation in positron emission tomography (PET) images is crucial in oncology. Although recent methods achieved good results, there is still room for improvement regarding tumors with complex shapes, low signal‐to‐noise ratio, and high levels of uptake heterogeneity.Methods:The authors developed and evaluated an original clustering‐based method called spatial positron emission quantification of tumor—Automatic Lp‐norm estimation (SPEQTACLE), based on the fuzzy C‐means (FCM) algorithm with a generalization exploiting a Hilbertian norm to more accurately account for the fuzzy and non‐Gaussian distributions of PET images. An automatic and reproducible estimation scheme of the norm on an image‐by‐image basis was developed. Robustness was assessed by studying the consistency of results obtained on multiple acquisitions of the NEMA phantom on three different scanners with varying acquisition parameters. Accuracy was evaluated using classification errors (CEs) on simulated and clinical images. SPEQTACLE was compared to another FCM implementation, fuzzy local information C‐means (FLICM) and fuzzy locally adaptive Bayesian (FLAB).Results:SPEQTACLE demonstrated a level of robustness similar to FLAB (variability of 14% ± 9% vs 14% ± 7%, p = 0.15) and higher than FLICM (45% ± 18%, p < 0.0001), and improved accuracy with lower CE (14% ± 11%) over both FLICM (29% ± 29%) and FLAB (22% ± 20%) on simulated images. Improvement was significant for the more challenging cases with CE of 17% ± 11% for SPEQTACLE vs 28% ± 22% for FLAB (p = 0.009) and 40% ± 35% for FLICM (p < 0.0001). For the clinical cases, SPEQTACLE outperformed FLAB and FLICM (15% ± 6% vs 37% ± 14% and 30% ± 17%, p < 0.004).Conclusions:SPEQTACLE benefitted from the fully automatic estimation of the norm on a case‐by‐case basis. This promising approach will be extended to multimodal images and multiclass estimation in future developments.