bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Effects Do Magnetic Fields Exert on the Bioaccumulation of Galanthamine and Lycorine, Growth Efficiency, Capacity to Scavenge Free Radicals, and Defense Enzyme Activities of Summer Snowflakes (Leucojum aestivum L.)?
Authors: Cimen Ayca , Baba Yavuz , Birinci Yildirim Arzu , Ucar Turker Arzu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLeucojum aestivum L. is a bulbous Amaryllidaceae family plant. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of three different magnetic field (MF) intensities [50, 100 and 150 militesla (mT)] with three different exposure durations (1, 3 and 7 days) on growth parameters, alkaloid levels (galanthamine and lycorine), non‐enzymatic antioxidant activities (total phenol‐flavonoid content and free radical scavenging activity), and enzymatic antioxidant activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] compared with control (no MF) in the bulbs and leaves. Maximum bulb length was achieved with 150 mT MF application for 3 days. Galanthamine levels increased by 63 % in the bulbs with 150 mT–7 days exposure and by 79.8 % in the leaves with 50 MT–1 day exposure compared to the control. The leaves and bulbs with 100 mT exposure showed the greatest increases in lycorine concentrations (23.8 % and 62.3 % rises, respectively). MF exposures of 150 mT for 3 days gave the best radical scavenging activity and total phenol‐flavonoid content. The highest alkaloid levels in the bulbs were associated with higher SOD and CAT activity generated by MF treatments. This study revealed that the medicinal value and quantity of L. aestivum bulbs could be significantly increased with 150 mT MF intensity.
Zinc‐Binding Oligonucleotide Backbone Modifications for Targeting a DNA‐Processing Metalloenzyme
Authors: Berney Mark , Fay Ellen M. , Doherty William , Deering John J. , Dürr Eva‐Maria , Ferguson Steven , McGouran Joanna F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA series of chemically‐modified oligonucleotides for targeting the DNA repair nuclease SNM1A have been designed and synthesised. Each oligonucleotide contains a modified internucleotide linkage designed to both mimic the native phosphodiester backbone and chelate to the catalytic zinc ion(s) in the SNM1A active site. Dinucleoside phosphoramidites containing urea, squaramide, sulfanylacetamide, and sulfinylacetamide linkages were prepared and employed successfully in solid‐phase oligonucleotide synthesis. All the modified oligonucleotides were found to interact with SNM1A in a gel electrophoresis‐based assay, demonstrating the first examples of inhibition of DNA damage repair enzymes for many of these groups in oligonucleotides. One strand containing a sulfinylacetamide‐linkage was found to have the strongest interaction with SNM1A and was further tested in a real‐time fluorescence assay. This allowed an IC50 value of 231 nM to be determined, significantly lower than previously reported substrate‐mimics targeting this enzyme. It is expected that these modified oligonucleotides will serve as a scaffold for the future development of fluorescent or biotin‐labelled probes for the in vivo study of DNA repair processes.
trans‐Selective Element–Element′ Addition to Alkynes
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Sun Yingman , Li Shiqing , Zhao Dongbing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe trans‐addition of intermetallic σ‐bonds (E−E′; E E’=Si, B, Se, P, Sn, etc.) across alkynes has emerged as an exceptionally atom‐economical means of constructing multi‐substituted alkenes, which readily transform into densely functionalized and biologically active compounds. Compared to the widely studied cis‐E−E’ additions, trans‐E−E’ additions remain a more challenging and underdeveloped area. In this article, recent advances in trans‐E−E’ additions are summarized, encompassing various interelement compounds such as Si−Si, B−B, Si−B, P−B, Se−B, and B−Sn. We aim to provide a deeper understanding of trans‐E−E’ additions and facilitate the further development of synthetic methodologies and applications of vicinally trans‐bismetallated alkenes.
On “Storage‐Oxidation” Cycling Removal of BTX Over Zeolite Composites
Authors: Liu Danyu , Wang Yu , Zhang Lanlan , Hao Zelong , Pei Shuya , Zhao Zhihe , Zhang YuZhuo , Liu Xin , Chen Bingbing , Shi Chuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe “storage‐oxidation” cycle is an energy‐efficient process for removing low‐concentration volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, due to the weak interaction between BTX compounds (benzene, toluene, and xylene) and commonly used adsorbent materials, how to prevent the BTX escape prior to oxidation remains a challenge. In this work, a comprehensive study on the critical factors influencing on the “storage‐oxidation” cycling removal of BTX are investigated. The study elucidated the relationship between different zeolites and their capacity for storing BTX. It was found that the adsorption of BTX onto various zeolites is greatly impacted by the pore size of the zeolite and the volatility of BTX. Particularly, toluene and/or m‐xylene could be preferential adsorbed by Cu2+ located on the ion‐exchange sites, forming strong bonding interactions that facilitating the in‐situ thermal regeneration. Furthermore, the experimental results suggest that a synergy between Cu2+ and CuO could accelerate the catalytic oxidation of BTX. These findings offer valuable insights for designing bifunctional catalysts for the “storage‐oxidation” cycling removal of BTX.
Capture of Sulfur Dioxide in Ship Exhaust Gas by Tertiary Amine Absorbents
Authors: Kim Kwanghwi , Lim Hyunji , Park Hyun Sic , Kang Jo Hong , Park Jinwon , Song Hojun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from ship exhausts pose serious health and environmental concerns. Herein, the SO2 absorption and desorption characteristics of tertiary amines with different functional groups were explored under simulated ship exhaust gas conditions. Tertiary amines with electron‐donating groups had superior absorption performance to those with electron‐withdrawing groups, and highly polar absorbents exhibited enhanced SO2 absorption loading. Dimethylaniline (DMA) showed excellent desorption performance, outperforming other absorbents (amino acids, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents) in terms of cyclic capacity. Thus, tertiary amines, especially DMA, can be potentially used for the prevention of SO2 emissions from ship exhausts and other desulfurization applications.
α‐Selective Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Glycosyl Phosphate Repeating Structure Via the Phosphoramidite Method
Authors: Kawato Kazuki , Sato Kazuki , Wada Takeshi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLipophosphoglycans (LPGs) are found on the surface of Leishmania, a protozoan parasite, and are immunologically important. Herein, disaccharide 1‐phosphate repeating units of LPGs were successfully synthesized on a solid support with high anomeric purity using a disaccharide α‐1‐phosphoramidite building block. To enhance solubility in the reaction solvent, hydroxy‐protecting groups in the form of para‐t‐butylbenzoyl were introduced to the building block. The saccharide chain was elongated via stable glycosyl boranophosphate linkages, followed by the conversion of inter‐sugar linkages to phosphodiester counterparts using an oxaziridine derivative. The addition of a silylating reagent post‐reaction with the oxaziridine derivative efficiently facilitated the conversion of boranophosphodiester to phosphodiesters. This method enabled the α‐selective synthesis of up to 15 repeating units, marking the longest homogeneous repeating units of LPGs synthesized chemically. Given the chain length equivalence to native LPGs, the method developed herein holds promise for advancing anti‐Leishmanial pharmaceuticals and vaccines.
A BODIPY‐Ferrocene Conjugate for the Combined Photodynamic Therapy and Chemodynamic Therapy with Improved Antitumor Efficiency
Authors: Yuan Bin , Zhang Wenhui , Wang Hua , Xu Jiang‐Fei , Zhang Xi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) can destroy tumor cells by generating singlet oxygen (1O2) under light irradiation, which is limited by the hypoxia of the neoplastic tissue. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) can produce toxic hydroxyl radical (⋅OH) to eradicate tumor cells by catalytic decomposition of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the therapeutic effect of which is highly dependent on the concentration of H2O2. Herein, we propose a BODIPY‐ferrocene conjugate with a balanced 1O2 and ⋅OH generation capacity, which can serve as a high‐efficiency antitumor agent by combining PDT and CDT. The ferrocene moieties endow the as‐prepared conjugates with the ability of chemodynamic killing of tumor cells. Moreover, combined PDT/CDT therapy with improved antitumor efficiency can be realized after exposure to light irradiation. Compared with the monotherapy by PDT or CDT, the BODIPY‐ferrocene conjugates can significantly increase the intracellular ROS levels of the tumor cells after light irradiation, thereby inducing the tumor cell apoptosis at low drug doses. In this way, a synergistic antitumor treatment is achieved by the combination of PDT and CDT.
Surface Gold Atoms Determine Peroxidase Mimic Activity in Gold Alloy Nanoparticles
Authors: Spataro Giulia Maria , Yang Jijin , Coviello Vito , Agnoli Stefano , Amendola Vincenzo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe development of peroxidase mimic nanocatalysts is relevant for oxidation reactions in biosensing, environmental monitoring and green chemical processes. Several nanomaterials have been proposed as peroxidase mimic, the majority of which consists of noble metals and oxide nanoparticles (NPs). Yet, there is still limited information about how the change in the composition influences their catalytic activity. Here, the peroxidase mimic behaviour of gold NPs is compared to a traditional nanoalloy as Au−Ag and to the Au−Fe and the Au−Co nanoalloys, which were not tested before as oxidation catalysts. Since the alloys of gold with iron and cobalt are thermodynamically unstable, laser ablation in liquid (LAL) is exploited for the synthesis of these NPs. Using LAL, no chemical stabilizers or capping agents are present on the NPs surface, allowing the evaluation of the oxidation behaviour as a function of the alloy composition. The results point to the importance of surface gold atoms in the catalytic process, but also indicate the possibility of obtaining active nanocatalysts with a lower content of Au by alloying it with iron, which is earth‐abundant, non‐toxic and low cost. Overall, Au nanoalloys are worth consideration as a more sustainable alternative to pure Au nanocatalysts for oxidation reactions.
Metal‐Free Regioselective Direct C(4)−H Amination of Quinazoline with N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide
Authors: Wang Yong , Lin Xueying , Ying Xianyu , Hu Shan , Zhu Hongjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA facile C−H amination of quinazoline employing N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) as the amination source has been disclosed in the absence of any metal, oxidant or additive. The methodology shows a board range of quinazolines with different functional groups in moderate to good yields up to 87 %. Furthermore, gram‐scale reaction, desulfonylation to amine and synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediate were also investigated, which demonstrates potential applications in medicinal chemistry. A plausible amination mechanism is proposed via F+ transfer accompanied by the removal of one molecule of PhSO2F. DFT studies with experimental work suggest that the mechanism via F+ transfer is more favorable than the free radical one.
Unveiling the influence of corporate greenwashing on employees' pro‐environmental behavior: A cross‐cultural study from China, United Kingdom, Republic of Korea, and Japan
Authors: Tao Zhibin , Chao Jiaxiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCorporate greenwashing and pro‐environmental behavior of employees have attracted a significant amount of research attention in journals related to corporate governance, green and sustainable development. However, limited research has currently investigated the relationship between the two, especially in today's globalized business environment. To fill this research gap, this study conducts a cross‐cultural validation of connection between the two, covering four countries: China, United Kingdom, Republic of Korea, and Japan. The study uses structural equation model and fsQCA methods for empirical analysis. The empirical results reveal that in China, United Kingdom, Republic of Korea, and Japan: (1) corporate greenwashing suppresses employees' pro‐environmental behavior; (2) corporate greenwashing leads to employees developing perceptions of corporate hypocrisy, negative pro‐environmental attitudes, and organizational cynicism; (3) corporate hypocrisy perception, negative pro‐environmental attitude, and organizational cynicism lead to employees displaying negative pro‐environmental behaviors; (4) corporate hypocrisy perception, negative pro‐environmental attitude, and organizational cynicism significantly mediate the influence of corporate greenwashing on employees' pro‐environmental behavior; (5) the mediating effects of these three variables do not significantly differ across the four countries; (6) the analysis results from the fsQCA method show that in China, there are 6 configurations leading to employees displaying significant (strong) negative pro‐environmental behaviors, while in the United Kingdom there are 5, and in the Republic of Korea and Japan there are 3 and 5, respectively. This cross‐cultural study offers insights for corporate management, aiding in understanding and mitigating the effects of greenwashing on employee pro‐environmental behavior. It also bolsters the creation of efficacious corporate environmental practices policies and serves as a resource for future cross‐cultural environmental preservation and corporate governance research.
Photoredox Cascade Catalysts for Solar Hydrogen Production From Sustainable Hydrogen Sources
Authors: Kobayashi Atsushi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVisible‐light‐driven photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production has been extensively studied as a clean and sustainable energy resource. Although sacrificial electron donors (SEDs) are commonly used to evaluate photocatalytic activity, their irreversible decomposition forces charge separation, which disrupts the inherent dual productivity of photocatalysis, that is, the formation of both the reduction and oxidation products. To achieve highly efficient photoinduced charge separation without SED decomposition, the layer‐by‐layer assembly of redox‐active photosensitizing dyes and electron mediators through Zr4+‐phosphonate bonds has been extensively studied as an artificial mimic of the electron transport chain in natural photosynthesis. This concept paper presents an overview of photoredox cascade catalytic (PRCC) systems comprising multiple Ru(II)‐trisbipyridine‐type dyes and mediator layers on Pt‐loaded TiO2 nanoparticles for H2 production from redox reversible electron donors (RREDs). The PRCC structure‐activity relationship for photocatalytic H2 production is briefly discussed in terms of layer thickness, surface structure and modification, and cooperativity with molecular oxidation catalysts. Finally, new insights into the design of efficient dual‐production photocatalysts based on the PRCC structure are presented.
Multiscale Modeling of CO2 Electrochemical Reduction on Copper Electrocatalysts: A Review of Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Gholizadeh Reza , Pavlin Matic , Huš Matej , Likozar Blaž 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough CO2 contributes significantly to global warming, it also offers potential as a raw material for the production of hydrocarbons such as CH4, C2H4 and CH3OH. Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) is an emerging technology that utilizes renewable energy to convert CO2 into valuable fuels, solving environmental and energy problems simultaneously. Insights gained at any individual scale can only provide a limited view of that specific scale. Multiscale modeling, which involves coupling atomistic‐level insights (density functional theory, DFT) and (Molecular Dynamics, MD), with mesoscale (kinetic Monte Carlo, KMC, and microkinetics, MK) and macroscale (computational fluid dynamics, CFD) simulations, has received significant attention recently. While multiscale modeling of eCO2RR on electrocatalysts across all scales is limited due to its complexity, this review offers an overview of recent works on single scales and the coupling of two and three scales, such as “DFT+MD”, “DFT+KMC”, “DFT+MK”, “KMC/MK+CFD” and “DFT+MK/KMC+CFD”, focusing particularly on Cu‐based electrocatalysts as copper is known to be an excellent electrocatalyst for eCO2RR. This sets it apart from other reviews that solely focus exclusively on a single scale or only on a combination of DFT and MK/KMC scales. Furthermore, this review offers a concise overview of machine learning (ML) applications for eCO2RR, an emerging approach that has not yet been reviewed. Finally, this review highlights the key challenges, research gaps and perspectives of multiscale modeling for eCO2RR.
Progress in Non‐Fullerene Acceptors: Evolution from Small to Giant Molecules
Authors: Zhang Chen , Yu Runnan , Lv Qianglong , Li Shuang , Yuan Haoyu , Huang Bolong , Tan Zhan'ao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) is increasing. According to their different chemical structures, NFAs can initially be divided into two categories: small molecule acceptors (SMAs) and polymerized small molecule acceptors (PSMAs). Due to the strong absorption capacity and controllable energy levels, the PCE of devices based on SMAs has approached 20 %. Compared with SMAs, PSMAs have advantages in stability and flexibility, and the PCE of PSMA‐based devices has exceeded 18 %. However, the higher synthesis cost and lower batch repeatability hinder its further development. Recently, the concept of giant molecule acceptors (GMAs) has been proposed. These materials have a clear molecular structure and are considered novel acceptor materials that combine the advantages of SMAs and PSMAs. Currently, the PCE of devices based on GMAs has exceeded 19 %. In this review, we will introduce the latest developments in SMAs, PSMAs, and GMAs. Then, the advantages of GMAs and the relationship between their structure and performance will be analyzed. In the end, perspectives on the opportunities and challenges of these materials are provided, which could inspire further development of NFAs for advanced OSCs.
Predictors of the efficacy of His bundle pacing in patients with a prolonged PR interval: A stratified analysis of the HOPE‐HF randomized controlled trial
Authors: Keene Daniel , Kaza Nandita , Srinivasan Divya , Ali Nadine , Tanner Mark , Foley Paul , Chandrasekaran Badri , Moore Philip , Adhya Shaumik , Qureshi Norman , Muthumala Amal , Lane Rebecca , Rinaldi Aldo , Agarwal Sharad , Leyva Francisco , Behar Jonathan , Bassi Sukh , Ng Andre , Scott Paul , Prasad Rachana , Swinburn Jon , Tomson Joseph , Sethi Amarjit , Shah Jaymin , Lim Phang Boon , Kyriacou Andreas , Thomas Dewi , Chuen Jenny , Kamdar Ravi , Kanagaratnam Prapa , Mariveles Myril , Johnson Nicholas , Falaschetti Emanuela , Howard James P. , Arnold Ahran , Cleland John G.F. , Francis Darrel P. , Whinnett Zachary , Shun‐Shin Matthew 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsThe randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled HOPE‐HF trial assessed the benefit of atrio‐ventricular (AV) delay optimization delivered using His bundle pacing. It recruited patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%, PR interval ≥200 ms, and baseline QRS ≤140 ms or right bundle branch block. Overall, there was no significant increase in peak oxygen uptake (VO2max) but there was significant improvement in heart failure specific quality of life. In this pre‐specified secondary analysis, we evaluated the impact of baseline PR interval, echocardiographic E‐A fusion, and the magnitude of acute high‐precision haemodynamic response to pacing, on outcomes.Methods and resultsAll 167 randomized participants underwent measurement of PR interval, acute haemodynamic response at optimized AV delay, and assessment of presence of E‐A fusion. We tested the impact of these baseline parameters using a Bayesian ordinal model on VO2max, quality of life and activity measures. There was strong evidence of a beneficial interaction between the baseline acute haemodynamic response and the blinded benefit of pacing for VO2 (Pr 99.9%), Minnesota Living With Heart Failure (MLWHF) (Pr 99.8%), MLWHF physical limitation score (Pr 98.9%), EQ‐5D visual analogue scale (Pr 99.6%), and exercise time (Pr 99.4%). The baseline PR interval and the presence of baseline E‐A fusion did not have this reliable ability to predict the clinical benefit of pacing over placebo across multiple endpoints.ConclusionsIn the HOPE‐HF trial, the acute haemodynamic response to pacing reliably identified patients who obtained clinical benefit. Patients with a long PR interval (≥200 ms) and left ventricular impairment who obtained acute haemodynamic improvement with AV‐optimized His bundle pacing were likely to obtain clinical benefit, consistent across multiple endpoints. Importantly, this gradation can be reliably tested for before randomization, but does require high‐precision AV‐optimized haemodynamic assessment to be performed.
Analytical vulnerability functions for assessing fatalities in masonry buildings
Authors: Lovon Holger , Silva Vitor , Vicente Romeu , Ferreira Tiago Miguel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe assessment of human losses and injuries due to earthquakes is critical for the development of risk reduction measures. Yet, most vulnerability studies have focused on the derivation of fragility functions for structural damage, neglecting the evaluation of the human impact. In this study, we implemented a fatality vulnerability assessment procedure based on advanced structural modelling, with an application to typical limestone and granite masonry buildings in Portugal. We performed nonlinear time‐history analysis on 3D numerical models whose characteristics were sampled from statistical models representing the geometric and mechanical properties of this type of construction. Engineering demand parameters, such as volume of loss and volume of survivable space, were estimated and converted into a fatality rate based on observations from past fatal earthquakes. We compared these vulnerability functions with other proposals from the literature in which conventional fragility functions are directly combined with collapse and fatality rates. Finally, the resulting vulnerability functions were tested for two earthquake scenarios for Portugal. The results from this study indicate that the conventional approach for fatality modelling tends to underestimate human losses for strong ground shaking due to the inability to account for catastrophic structural collapses. The fatality vulnerability functions developed in this work can be directly used in probabilistic seismic risk analysis or the assessment of earthquake scenarios.