bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A radiative–conductive–convective approach to calculate thaw season ground surface temperatures for modelling frost table dynamics
Authors: Williams Tyler J. , Pomeroy John W. , Janowicz J Richard , Carey Sean K. , Rasouli Kabir , Quinton William L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe frost table depth is a critical state variable for hydrological modelling in cold regions as frozen ground controls runoff generation, subsurface water storage and the permafrost regime. Calculation of the frost table depth is typically performed using a modified version of the Stefan equation, which is driven with the ground surface temperature. Ground surface temperatures have usually been estimated as linear functions of air temperature, referred to as ‘n‐factors’ in permafrost studies. However, these linear functions perform poorly early in the thaw season and vary widely with slope, aspect and vegetation cover, requiring site‐specific calibration. In order to improve estimation of the ground surface temperature and avoid site‐specific calibration, an empirical radiative–conductive–convective (RCC) approach is proposed that uses air temperature, net radiation and antecedent frost table position as driving variables. The RCC algorithm was developed from forested and open sites on the eastern slope of the Coastal Mountains in southern Yukon, Canada, and tested at a high‐altitude site in the Canadian Rockies, and a peatland in the southern Northwest Territories. The RCC approach performed well in a variety of land types without any local calibration and particularly improved estimation of ground temperature compared with linear functions during the first month of the thaw season, with mean absolute errors <2 °C in seven of the nine sites tested. An example of the RCC approach coupled with a modified Stefan thaw equation suggests a capability to represent frozen ground conditions that can be incorporated into hydrological and permafrost models of cold regions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physico‐chemical properties of starches isolated from potato cultivars grown in soils with different phosphorus availability
Authors: Leonel Magali , Carmo Ezequiel L , Fernandes Adalton M , Franco Célia ML , Soratto Rogério P 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDStarch is the major component of potato tubers, amounting approximately to 150‐200 g kg −1 of the tuber weight. Starch is considered to be a major factor for the functionality of the potato in food applications. This study evaluated the physical characteristics of potato starches isolated from tubers of different potato cultivars grown in soil with three levels of phosphorus (P) availability. All potatoes were growing according the same method. The starches were isolated by physical methods and the samples were analyzed for the amylose, P content, paste properties (RVA) and thermal properties of gelatinization and retrogradation (DSC). Experimental data were analyzed considering the potato cultivars and the three soil P availability.RESULTSFor all measured parameters significant impact of cultivar and soil P availability was determined. Phosphorus contents in potato starches ranged from 0.252 to 0.647 g kg−1 and amylose from 27.18 to 30.8%. Starches from different potato cultivars independent of soil showed a small range of gelatinization temperature. All starches showed low resistance heating and shear stress.CONCLUSIONThe results showed the influence of growing conditions (soil P availability) and also of the differences between the potato cultivars on important characteristics of applicability of starches. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
pH and heat‐dependent behaviour of glucose oxidase down to single molecule level by combined fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modelling
Authors: Dumitraşcu Loredana , Stănciuc Nicoleta , Bahrim Gabriela Elena , Ciumac Alexandrina , Aprodu Iuliana 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the food industry, glucose oxidase (GOX) is used to improve the shelf life of food materials. The pH‐ and heat‐induced conformational changes of glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger were quantified by means of fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations.RESULTSThe phase diagram showed an all‐or‐none transition process, indicating that pH and temperature largely influence the conformational state of GOX. Shifts in maximum wavelength of Trp, Tyr were registered as the protein encounters a lower pH (pH 4.0), suggesting significant changes of the polarity around the chromophore molecule. Quenching experiments using KI showed higher quenching constants of Trp and flavin adenine dinucleotide upon heating or by changing pH value, and were mainly correlated with the conformational changes upon protein matrix. Finally, valuable insights into the thermal behaviour of GOX were obtained from molecular modelling results.CONCLUSIONSThe conformation and structure of GOX protein is dependent upon the pH and heat treatment applied. Molecular dynamics simulation indicated significant changes in the substrate binding region at temperatures over 60°C that might affect enzyme activity. Moreover, an important alteration of the small pocket hosting the positively charged His516 residue responsible for oxygen activation appears evident at high temperatures. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Partners in crime: The role of tandem modules in gene transcription
Authors: Sharma Rajal , Zhou Ming‐Ming 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHistones and their modifications play an important role in the regulation of gene transcription. Numerous modifications, such as acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation, have been described. These modifications almost always co‐occur and thereby increase the combinatorial complexity of post‐translational modification detection. The domains that recognize these histone modifications often occur in tandem in the context of larger proteins and complexes. The presence of multiple modifications can positively or negatively regulate the binding of these tandem domains, influencing downstream cellular function. Alternatively, these tandem domains can have novel functions from their independent parts. Here we summarize structural and functional information known about major tandem domains and their histone binding properties. An understanding of these interactions is key for the development of epigenetic therapy.
Axonal Fusion via Conduit-Based Delivery of Hydrophilic Polymers
Authors: Sexton Kevin W. , Rodriguez-Feo Charles L. , Boyer Richard B. , Del Corral Gabriel A. , Riley David C. , Pollins Alonda C. , Cardwell Nancy L. , Shack R. Bruce , Nanney Lillian B. , Thayer Wesley P. 
Published: June 2015

Background Hydrophilic polymers have been shown to improve physiologic recovery following repair of transected nerves with microsutures. Our study was designed to combine hydrophilic polymer therapy with nerve tubes (NT) to enhance polymer delivery to the site of nerve injury. Methods Using a rat sciatic nerve injury model, a single transection injury was repaired in an end-to-end fashion with NT+polyethylene glycol (PEG) to NT alone. Compound action potentials (CAPs) were recorded before nerve transection and after repair. Behavioral testing was performed for 5 weeks. Results PEG therapy restored CAPS in all, but one, animals, while no CAPS were recorded in animals not receiving PEG. Behavioral nerve function was measured using the standardized functional assessment technique and foot fault asymmetry scores (FF). FF scores were improved for the PEG therapy groups on postoperative days 7, 14, and 21. However, after expected eventual axonal outgrowth, the benefit was less noticeable at days 28 and 35. Immunohistochemistry of the distal axon segments showed an increase number of sensory and motor axons in the NT+PEG group as compared to NT alone. Conclusion These data suggest that PEG delivery via a conduit may provide a simple, effective way to fuse severed axons and regain early nerve function. For proximal nerve injuries in large animals, recovery of axonal continuity could dramatically improve outcomes, even if fusion only occurs in a small percentage of axons.
5 Years, 20 Issues, 141 Articles, and What?
Authors: Hosmer LaRue Tone 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe first issue of BusinessEthics Quarterlyappeared five years ago. This article classifies the content of the 141 articles that have appeared since that time along 18 dimensions, and 118 categories within those dimensions, to determine trends within the discipline. The major trend appears to be a shift in focus towards the increased discussion of a new approach/paradigm for the field, and towards a normative/descriptive interface of the theory. The major problem seems to be a lack of explicit conceptual definition and beginning empirical effort to support that new focus, which may thus prove unsustainable over time.
The Civic, Religious and Political Incorporation of British Muslims and the Role of the Anglican Church: Whose Incorporation, Which Islam?
Authors: Lewis Philip 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe new Muslim presence in the West has become the source of multiple anxieties. This article, by focusing on one city in the north of England with a Muslim presence which has grown from 3000 to 130,000 in 50 years, considers the resources which state and the established church bring to incorporate such communities in the mainstream of society. The Muslim communities are not presented as passive victims of prejudice and exclusion but as possessed of agency. This paper concludes that there are expressions of Islam which are easy to incorporate but others which generate an isolationist mindset which can create major problems.
Apology and forgiveness evolve to resolve failures in cooperative agreements
Authors: Martinez-Vaquero Luis A. , Han The Anh , Pereira Luís Moniz , Lenaerts Tom 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMaking agreements on how to behave has been shown to be an evolutionarily viable strategy in one-shot social dilemmas. However, in many situations agreements aim to establish long-term mutually beneficial interactions. Our analytical and numerical results reveal for the first time under which conditions revenge, apology and forgiveness can evolve and deal with mistakes within ongoing agreements in the context of the Iterated Prisoners Dilemma. We show that, when the agreement fails, participants prefer to take revenge by defecting in the subsisting encounters. Incorporating costly apology and forgiveness reveals that, even when mistakes are frequent, there exists a sincerity threshold for which mistakes will not lead to the destruction of the agreement, inducing even higher levels of cooperation. In short, even when to err is human, revenge, apology and forgiveness are evolutionarily viable strategies which play an important role in inducing cooperation in repeated dilemmas.
Molding acoustic, electromagnetic and water waves with a single cloak
Authors: Xu Jun , Jiang Xu , Fang Nicholas , Georget Elodie , Abdeddaim Redha , Geffrin Jean-Michel , Farhat Mohamed , Sabouroux Pierre , Enoch Stefan , Guenneau Sébastien 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe describe two experiments demonstrating that a cylindrical cloak formerly introduced for linear surface liquid waves works equally well for sound and electromagnetic waves. This structured cloak behaves like an acoustic cloak with an effective anisotropic density and an electromagnetic cloak with an effective anisotropic permittivity, respectively. Measured forward scattering for pressure and magnetic fields are in good agreement and provide first evidence of broadband cloaking. Microwave experiments and 3D electromagnetic wave simulations further confirm reduced forward and backscattering when a rectangular metallic obstacle is surrounded by the structured cloak for cloaking frequencies between 2.6 and 7.0 GHz. This suggests, as supported by 2D finite element simulations, sound waves are cloaked between 3 and 8 KHz and linear surface liquid waves between 5 and 16 Hz. Moreover, microwave experiments show the field is reduced by 10 to 30 dB inside the invisibility region, which suggests the multi-wave cloak could be used as a protection against water, sonic or microwaves.
Unraveling adaptation of Pontibacter korlensis to radiation and infertility in desert through complete genome and comparative transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Dai Jun , Dai Wenkui , Qiu Chuangzhao , Yang Zhenyu , Zhang Yi , Zhou Mengzhou , Zhang Lei , Fang Chengxiang , Gao Qiang , Yang Qiao , Li Xin , Wang Zhi , Wang Zhiyong , Jia Zhenhua , Chen Xiong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe desert is a harsh habitat for flora and microbial life due to its aridness and strong radiation. In this study, we constructed the first complete and deeply annotated genome of the genus Pontibacter (Pontibacter korlensis X14-1T = CCTCC AB 206081T, X14-1). Reconstruction of the sugar metabolism process indicated that strain X14-1 can utilize diverse sugars, including cellulose, starch and sucrose; this result is consistent with previous experiments. Strain X14-1 is also able to resist desiccation and radiation in the desert through well-armed systems related to DNA repair, radical oxygen species (ROS) detoxification and the OstAB and TreYZ pathways for trehalose synthesis. A comparative transcriptomic analysis under gamma radiation revealed that strain X14-1 presents high-efficacy operating responses to radiation, including the robust expression of catalase and the manganese transport protein. Evaluation of 73 novel genes that are differentially expressed showed that some of these genes may contribute to the strain’s adaptation to radiation and desiccation through ferric transport and preservation.
Gender Bias in U.S. Pediatric Growth Hormone Treatment
Authors: Grimberg Adda , Huerta-Saenz Lina , Grundmeier Robert , Ramos Mark Jason , Pati Susmita , Cucchiara Andrew J. , Stallings Virginia A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGrowth hormone (GH) treatment of idiopathic short stature (ISS), defined as height <−2.25 standard deviations (SD), is approved by U.S. FDA. This study determined the gender-specific prevalence of height <−2.25 SD in a pediatric primary care population and compared it to demographics of U.S. pediatric GH recipients. Data were extracted from health records of all patients age 0.5–20 years with ≥ 1 recorded height measurement in 28 regional primary care practices and from the four U.S. GH registries. Height <−2.25 SD was modeled by multivariable logistic regression against gender and other characteristics. Of the 189,280 subjects, 2073 (1.1%) had height <−2.25 SD. No gender differences in prevalence of height <−2.25 SD or distribution of height Z-scores were found. In contrast, males comprised 74% of GH recipients for ISS and 66% for all indications. Short stature was associated (P < 0.0001) with history of prematurity, race/ethnicity, age and Medicaid insurance and inversely related (P < 0.0001) with BMI Z-score. In conclusion, males outnumbered females almost 3:1 for ISS and 2:1 for all indications in U.S. pediatric GH registries despite no gender difference in height <−2.25 SD in a large primary care population. Treatment and/or referral bias was the likely cause of male predominance among GH recipients.
Repeated, long-distance migrations by a philopatric predator targeting highly contrasting ecosystems
Authors: Lea James S. E. , Wetherbee Bradley M. , Queiroz Nuno , Burnie Neil , Aming Choy , Sousa Lara L. , Mucientes Gonzalo R. , Humphries Nicolas E. , Harvey Guy M. , Sims David W. , Shivji Mahmood S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLong-distance movements of animals are an important driver of population spatial dynamics and determine the extent of overlap with area-focused human activities, such as fishing. Despite global concerns of declining shark populations, a major limitation in assessments of population trends or spatial management options is the lack of information on their long-term migratory behaviour. For a large marine predator, the tiger sharkGaleocerdo cuvier, we show from individuals satellite-tracked for multiple years (up to 1101 days) that adult males undertake annually repeated, round-trip migrations of over 7,500 km in the northwest Atlantic. Notably, these migrations occurred between the highly disparate ecosystems of Caribbean coral reef regions in winter and high latitude oceanic areas in summer, with strong, repeated philopatry to specific overwintering insular habitat. Partial migration also occurred, with smaller, immature individuals displaying reduced migration propensity. Foraging may be a putative motivation for these oceanic migrations, with summer behaviour showing higher path tortuosity at the oceanic range extremes. The predictable migratory patterns and use of highly divergent ecosystems shown by male tiger sharks appear broadly similar to migrations seen in birds, reptiles and mammals and highlight opportunities for dynamic spatial management and conservation measures of highly mobile sharks.
Potent Paracrine Effects of human induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Doxorubicin-induced Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zhang Yuelin , Liang Xiaoting , Liao Songyan , Wang Weixin , Wang Junwen , Li Xiang , Ding Yue , Liang Yingmin , Gao Fei , Yang Mo , Fu Qingling , Xu Aimin , Chai Yuet-Hung , He Jia , Tse Hung-Fat , Lian Qizhou 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTransplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) can protect cardiomyocytes against anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC) through paracrine effects. Nonetheless the paracrine effects of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs (iPSC-MSCs) on AIC are poorly understood. In vitro studies reveal that doxorubicin (Dox)-induced reactive oxidative stress (ROS) generation and cell apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) are significantly reduced when treated with conditioned medium harvested from BM-MSCs (BM-MSCs-CdM) or iPSC-MSCs (iPSC-MSCs-CdM). Compared with BM-MSCs-CdM, NRCMs treated with iPSC-MSCs-CdM exhibit significantly less ROS and cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Transplantation of BM-MSCs-CdM or iPSC-MSCs-CdM into mice with AIC remarkably attenuated left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and dilatation. Compared with BM-MSCs-CdM, iPSC-MSCs-CdM treatment showed better alleviation of heart failure, less cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibrosis. Analysis of common and distinct cytokines revealed that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) were uniquely overpresented in iPSC-MSC-CdM. Immunodepletion of MIF and GDF-15 in iPSC-MSCs-CdM dramatically decreased cardioprotection. Injection of GDF-15/MIF cytokines could partially reverse Dox-induced heart dysfunction. We suggest that the potent paracrine effects of iPSC-MSCs provide novel “cell-free” therapeutic cardioprotection against AIC and that MIF and GDF-15 in iPSC-MSCs-CdM are critical for these enhanced cardioprotective effects.
Reactive Liftoff of Crystalline Cellulose Particles
Authors: Teixeira Andrew R. , Krumm Christoph , Vinter Katherine P. , Paulsen Alex D. , Zhu Cheng , Maduskar Saurabh , Joseph Kristeen E. , Greco Katharine , Stelatto Michael , Davis Eric , Vincent Brendon , Hermann Richard , Suszynski Wieslaw , Schmidt Lanny D. , Fan Wei , Rothstein Jonathan P. , Dauenhauer Paul J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe condition of heat transfer to lignocellulosic biomass particles during thermal processing at high temperature (>400 °C) dramatically alters the yield and quality of renewable energy and fuels. In this work, crystalline cellulose particles were discovered to lift off heated surfaces by high speed photography similar to the Leidenfrost effect in hot, volatile liquids. Order of magnitude variation in heat transfer rates and cellulose particle lifetimes was observed as intermediate liquid cellulose droplets transitioned from low temperature wetting (500–600 °C) to fully de-wetted, skittering droplets on polished surfaces (>700 °C). Introduction of macroporosity to the heated surface was shown to completely inhibit the cellulose Leidenfrost effect, providing a tunable design parameter to control particle heat transfer rates in industrial biomass reactors.
Selective Functional Disconnection of the Dorsal Subregion of the Temporal Pole in Schizophrenia
Authors: Xu Lixue , Qin Wen , Zhuo Chuanjun , Zhu Jiajia , Liu Huaigui , Liu Xingyun , Xu Yongjie , Yu Chunshui 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAlthough extensive resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) changes have been reported in schizophrenia, rsFC changes in the temporal pole (TP) remain unknown. The TP contains several subregions with different connection patterns; however, it is not known whether TP subregions are differentially affected in schizophrenia. Sixty-six schizophrenia patients and 76 healthy comparison subjects underwent resting-state fMRI using a sensitivity-encoded spiral-in (SENSE-SPIRAL) imaging sequence to reduce susceptibility-induced signal loss and distortion. The TP was subdivided into the dorsal (TPd) and ventral (TPv) subregions. Mean fMRI time series were extracted for each TP subregion and entered into a seed-based rsFC analysis. Direct between-group comparisons revealed reduced rsFC between the right TPd and brain regions involved in language processing and multisensory integration in schizophrenia, including the left superior temporal gyrus, left mid-cingulate cortex and right insular cortex. The rsFC changes of the right TPd in schizophrenia were independent of the grey matter reduction of this subregion. Moreover, these rsFC changes were unrelated to illness severity, duration of illness and antipsychotic medication dosage. No significant group differences were observed in the rsFC of the left TPd and bilateral TPv subregions. These findings suggest a selective (the right TPd) functional disconnection of TP subregions in schizophrenia.
MUC5B mucin production is upregulated by fibronectin and laminin in human lung epithelial cells via the integrin and ERK dependent pathway
Authors: Ito Yuho , Iwashita Jun , Kudoh Arisa , Kuramata Chika , Murata Jun 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
MUC5B mucin is a principal component of airway mucus and plays a key role in biodefense. We investigated the regulation of MUC5B production using the signals from extracellular matrix (ECM) components in NCI-H292 human lung epithelial cells. We found that MUC5B production in NCI-H292 cells cultured on fibronectin or laminin increased by 4–5-fold, with the increase occurring in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In contrast, MUC5B production was unchanged on type-IV collagen. Inhibition of integrin β1 induced upregulation of MUC5B and MUC5AC; however, inhibition of p38 MAPK did not show any remarkable change in overproduced MUC5B. Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway or the transcription factor NF-κB induced the recovery of overproduced MUC5B on fibronectin and laminin. These results suggest that MUC5B production can be regulated by ECM components and that MUC5B is upregulated by fibronectin and laminin via the integrin, ERK, and NF-κB dependent pathway.