bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2955 – Europe Challenges the Burden of Mental Disorders
Authors: Wittchen H.-U. 
Published: July 2013

Time based composite measures of disability have replaced the traditional use of death rates to evaluate society's mental health status as a more meaningful measures for the burden of diseases and the need for treatment and care. These measures have revealed with some variability and increasing precision that mental and neurologic disorders account for a major and further increasing proportion of the all-cause disability burden worldwide.In Europe, mental and neurologic conditions combined are already now the most disabling diseases. A recent pan-European study covering 30 countries and the EU-population of 514 million people, recently examined comprehensively the size and burden and cost of mental and other “disorders of the brain”. Findings e. g.:Each year, 38.2% of the EU population (64.8 million people) suffers from a mental disorder.The treatment situation remains highly deficient. Only 1/3 of all cases affected receive treatment, those receiving treatment do so with considerable delays of several years and rarely with appropriate, state-of-the-art therapiesAdditionally, many millions patients suffer from neurologic disorders such as stroke and Parkinson's disease, cases that may add on top of the above estimates.The total cost burden is immense (approx 800 billion €), mainly due to indirect costs. The low direct (treatment) cost proportion is unique to mental disorders and markedly different from other prevalent somatic diseases (e.g. cancer, diabetes).
2958 – Achieving Psychosocial Functioning
Authors: Colom F. 
Published: July 2013

Bipolar disorder is a chronic, severe illness with high rates of relapse, suicide rates, and a remarkable psychosocial burden. Despite the existence of well tested newer drugs that, together with classic mood stabilisers constitute quite a large number of pharmacological treatment options, bipolar patients are symptomatic for almost half their lives.1 This might be due to several accompanying features of bipolar disorder, including poor pharmacological adherence, unhealthy habits, and lack of illness insight. This is why pharmacological treatment, although essential, may not be enough for most patients. Thus, complementary interventions are needed to reach syndromal and functional recovery. Psychoeducation, a user-friendly, common-sense-based psychosocial strategy, has been shown to prevent all sorts of relapses at 5-year follow up and to be efficacious even with fully adherent patients, so the effect does not rely completely on adherence enhancement.2 The content of the Barcelona Psychoeducation Program focuses on the illness, its causes and its consequences, rather than on other issues such as personality, psychodynamic features and so forth.3 Topics are divided in five main areas:Illness insightAdherence enhancementEarly detection of prodromal symptoms and early interventionThe importance of avoiding street drugsRoutines and stress managementThis presentation will discuss the role of psychoeducation in improving social functioning and long-term outcomes in maintenance treatment for bipolar I disorder. Through the use of a case study, this presentation will provide practical considerations of how to implement psychoeducation techniques into routine clinical practice.
2959 – Maintaining Symptom Stability in the Long-Term Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder
Authors: Correll C. 
Published: July 2013

Following remission of an acute episode, patients with bipolar I disorder remain at a high risk for relapse, regardless of the nature of their index episode.1 in particular, if the medication regimen in the acute phase is different than that used in the maintenance phase, there may be a potential loss of efficacy or a change in adverse-event burden associated with the switch. Therefore, choosing the right pharmacotherapy is essential to allow patients to achieve and maintain stability, and prevent the recurrence of mood episodes.Current clinical practice guidelines recommend combination therapy of atypical antipsychotics and lithium or valproate as firstline treatment in acute patients, or for maintenance treatment in patients with an inadequate response to monotherapy with mood stabilisers.2 Therefore, exploring the long-term benefits and risks of monotherapy compared with combination therapy are essential for improving patient outcomes in the course of routine clinical practice.3 Recent clinical trial evidence suggests that combination therapy is effective in patients with an inadequate response to monotherapy, and that there are relatively lowrisk options regarding adverse events and comorbid physical conditions that are frequently encountered in patients with bipolar I disorder.3This presentation will explore how to manage patients with a partial response to pharmacotherapy or with persistent residual symptoms long term, and how to address the unmet needs of this patient population in the context of recent clinical trial evidence.
2967 – Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
Authors: Fleischhacker W.W. 
Published: July 2013

The nature of schizophrenia gives rise to a number of unmet needs that go beyond proven efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations of new generation antipsychotics offer an alternative treatment choice, and the investigational formulation of aripiprazole once-monthly is under regulatory review in the both the US and EU for maintenance treatment of schizophrenia.The efficacy of aripiprazole tablets in the treatment of schizophrenia has been well established, with consistently low relapse rates, good tolerability, and preservation of function. in the “ASPIRE US” (Aripiprazole-Intramuscular-Depot Program in Schizophrenia) trial, a 52-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of aripiprazole once-monthly as maintenance treatment in patients with schizophrenia, aripiprazole oncemonthly significantly delayed the time to impending relapse compared with placebo in the long-term maintenance treatment for schizophrenia. At 52 weeks, 10% of patients in the aripiprazole once-monthly group had relapsed, compared with 39.9% of patients in the placebo group (Hazard ratio, 5.03, p < 0.0001).1 in a second study comparing aripiprazole once-monthly with oral aripiprazole,2 aripiprazole once-monthly was non-inferior to oral aripiprazole and significantly delayed time to exacerbation of psychotic symptoms/impending relapse compared with aripiprazole once-monthly at a sub-threshold therapeutic dose. The estimated relapse rates at Week 26 were 7.1% for aripiprazole once-monthly and 7.8% for oral aripiprazole. This presentation will review the available evidence from recent RCTs showing the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole once-monthly for the longterm management of schizophrenia, and to explore, the link between low relapse rates and functional preservation.
2977 – Current Ethical Dilemmas in European Psychiatry. An Overview
Authors: Rutz W. 
Published: July 2013

In discussions within and in communications directed to the recently re-established EPAs Ethical Committee a wide range of important ethical challenges has appeared, including e.g. the need for a forum to get advise for colleagues in ethical complicated situations, to underline and define ethical principles in clinical and research practice, to investigate ethical demands and boundaries regarding user involvement, to underline the need of not only evidence based but even value based practices.In order to get guidance from our member states and their professional societies, the ethical committee has carried out an international European survey directed to national psychiatric asssociations and national ethical reference persons. The survey contained amongst others questions about the most frequent experienced ethical problems in the respective country.By doing this, a significant diversity became apparent, seemingly influenced by the psychiatric professional development in the countries, but even showing differences in the sensitivity to cultural and societal - political factors.Thus, with respect to the diversities in our European countries, it appears important to maintain a continous professional discussion on ethical issues, even considering the processes and changes ongoing due to the political and sociocultural development as well as psychiatric scientific improvements and research implications.A need to put ethical issues and development on the EPAs agenda is evident as well as the need to continously improve and discuss international and national ethical guidelines and practical clinical strategies. Feasible ways regarding the future work of our ethical committee will be presented.
2981 – Stigmatisation of Mental Health Patients an Extra Vulnerability in Times of Economical Crisis
Authors: Van der Gaag R.J. 
Published: July 2013

Cuts on health care are necessary for different reasons. First the economical burden of health care should be proportional to the possibilities of the population. Yet in times when the population grows older and possibilities augment, containment is necessary. Governements and health insurance authorities will look closely into possibilites of reducing costs by a great efficacy, by shared descision making, by choices that are to be made. An other alternative is found by asking patients for an own contribution to their health expenses. in that regard it was appauling to witness the fact that in the Netherlands this own contribution was raised soley in patients with psychiatric disorders where individuals with so called somatic diseases were exempted.With, among others a strong support from the national psychiatric associations, the own-contribution for psychiatric patients was banned.Yet the new governement threatens to repeat this non-sense by stating that only psychosis are real disorders and all other mental disorders a matter of pulling yourself together. Stigma on Mental disorders is a very actual theme! Let us face it!
2988 – The European Psychiatric Association (EPA) Guidance on Suicide Treatment and Prevention
Authors: Wasserman D. 
Published: July 2013

Suicide is a major public health problem in the WHO European Region accounting for over 150,000 deaths per year. Suicidal crisis: Acute intervention should start immediately in order to keep the patient alive.An underlying psychiatric disorder is present in up to 90% of people who completed suicide. Comorbidity with depression, anxiety, substance abuse and personality disorders is high. in order to achieve successful prevention of suicidality, adequate diagnostic procedures and appropriate treatment for the underlying disorder are essential.Existing evidence supports the efficacy of pharmacological treatment and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in preventing suicidal behaviour. Studies show that antidepressant treatment decreases the risk for suicidality among depressed patients. Short-term supplementary medication with anxiolytics and hypnotics in the case of anxiety and insomnia is recommended. Long-term treatment with lithium has shown to be effective in preventing both suicide and attempted suicide in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression. Treatment team: Multidisciplinary treatment team including psychiatrist and other health professionals are always preferable. Family: The suicidal person independently of age should always be motivated to involve family in the treatment. Social support: Psychosocial treatment is recommended, as the majority of suicidal patients have problems with relationships, work, school and lack social networks.Training of Personnel: Training of general practitioners (GPs) is effective in the prevention of suicide. It improves treatment of depression and anxiety, quality of the provided care and attitudes towards suicide. Continuous training including discussions about ethical and legal issues is necessary for psychiatrists and other health professionals.
3014 – Are French Adolescents Different? A Comparative Study of Risky Life Styles and Depressive Psychopathology in An European Sample of 12 000 Adolescents
Authors: Kahn J.-P. , Cohen R. , Tubiana A. 
Published: July 2013

Aims“SEYLE” is a project, funded under the 7th European Framework Program, which is implemented in 11 European countries, with the coordination of Karolinska Institutet(Stockholm, Sweden). Its main objectives are: to encourage the adolescents to adopt healthier behaviours through reduction of “at-risk” behaviours and suicidal behaviours; to assess the benefits or prevention programs and recommend culturally adapted health promotion models for European students.MethodsThe whole Consortium gathered 12.395 students, aged 15-17 years, across the 11 participating countries. In France, 1007 students were recruited for the study, that took place in the Lorraine region. Each student had to fill a 127 questions self-report questionnaire at baseline and 3 and 12 months later. Data were collected, using questions from the Global School-Based Pupil Health Survey (GSHS) and European Values Study (EVS). Data were also obtained on different risk behaviors and on psychopathology, using questions issued from 13 scales, including, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Paykel Suicide Scale (PSS).ResultsPreliminary results, from the baseline questionnaire show that, there are marked differentes between the various european countries. French students present high levels of depression, as measured by the BDI, high levels of suicidality, as mesured by the PSS and high levels of Non Suicidal Self Injuries (NSSI). They also sleep significantly less than students from other countries.ConclusionThese different results will be presented and discussed.
3016 – How can we use Social Contact Interventions to Reduce Stigma and Discrimination against People with Mental Health Problems?
Authors: Evans-Lacko S. , Malcolm E. , West K. , Rose D. , London J. , Japhet S. , Little K. , Henderson C. , Thornicroft G. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionSocial contact is one of the most effective strategies for improving inter-group relations and is supported by decades of positive evidence. Several studies specifically support social contact interventions as a way of reducing stigma against people with mental health problems. Despite the effectiveness of this approach, some social groups have few opportunities for social contact in the real world.ObjectivesUsing the England Time to Change anti-stigma campaign as an example, we investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of delivering social contact interventions at the mass population level to reduce stigma and discrimination against people with mental health problems.AimsTo investigate: (i) the feasibility of scaling up social contact interventions to reduce stigma and discrimination against people with mental health problems and (ii) the effectiveness of mass population social contact interventions to: improve intended stigmatising behaviour, increase willingness to disclose mental health problems and to promote engagement in antistigma activities.MethodsTwo types of mass participation social contact programmes within England's Time to Change campaign were evaluated via self-report questionnaire. Participants at social contact events were asked about the occurrence and quality of contact, attitudes, readiness to discuss mental health, and intended behaviour towards people with mental health problems.ResultsFindings on feasibility and effectiveness of social contact programmes will be presented.ConclusionThis study suggests that social contact interventions can be used by anti-stigma campaigns to reduce stigma and discrimination against people with mental health problems. Further investigation is needed regarding the maintenance of these changes
3025 – The Role of Sleep in Depression and Anxiety In Youth
Authors: Sarchiapone M. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionAdequate sleep is essential for good health. Several research show that sleep problems may increase risk to develop different disorders. In particular, the high prevalence and comorbidity of anxiety and sleep problems suggest an important relationship between these two disorders. Importantly, there is evidence that sleep complaints are more common in suicidal patients. Indeed, poor sleep and sleep disturbances are common in depressive disorders and other psychopathological conditions potentially associated with suicidal risk.Sleep problems in children and adolescents are common, and sleep disruption is associated with a wide range of behavioral, cognitive, and mood impairments, including hyperactivity, lower school grades, and depression.Objectivesincreasing the knowledge about the relationship between sleep problems, anxiety and depression disorders and mental health disorders in young. Through the new knowledge to develop strategies in order to prevent the risk conditions among young.Aimsimprove mental health among young.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of the correlation between number of hours of sleep per night by the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (Z-SAS), the Paykel suicidal Scale (PSS) and the Strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) was performed on 11,788 students (mean age: 14.9±0.9 M/F: 5181/6552) from 11 different European countries involved in the SEYLE project (Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe).Conclusions. Sleep problems are very common among adolescents and often, as other at-risk behaviors, occur with some types of psychological distress. It's important to identify strategies of interventions that pay more attention of unhealthy sleep patterns
3034 – Efficacy of Antidepressant and Psychotherapeutic Treatments in Child and Adult Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Moreno C. 
Published: July 2013

Depressive and anxiety disorders are prevalent psychiatric disorders that often start early in life. Heterotypic association between depression and anxiety has been well documented, with anxiety typically preceding depression in childhood and adolescence, while a more complex pattern of co-occurrence has been described for adult-onset illness. Even when starting early in life, depression and anxiety disorders are associated with poor outcomes, including not only psychiatric, social and vocational outcomes, but also development of physical problems. Although remission rates are high, in most cases episodes tend to recur, with increasing severity with every recurrence.Identification and treatment of these conditions, therefore, is of outmost importance regardless their age of onset. However, therapeutic approaches must take into account the effect of development in their clinical presentation, the differential efficacy of the therapeutic approaches, and the adverse effects profile.Current treatment algorithms for depressive and anxiety disorders include psychotherapeutic and psychopharmachological approaches and their combination. Although up until recently most treatment evidence came from adult studies, recent developments have increased knowledge on efficacy of interventions for younger populations. Treatment effects in children and adolescents are lower than in adults, partially due to the high placebo effect in youth. This presentation will provide an overview of the current approach to the treatment of depression and anxiety. Specificity of treatment at early ages will be stressed out. New promising treatments and their potential utility will be also discussed.
Effects of supplemental β-carotene on mucosal IgA induction in the jejunum and ileum of mice after weaning
Authors: Nishida Keita , Sugimoto Miki , Ikeda Shuntaro , Kume Shinichi 
Published: July 2013

An adequate immune system is required to prevent diarrhoea in neonates, and IgA provides protection against microbial antigens on mucosal surfaces. Although β-carotene supplementation has been expected to enhance the retinoic acid (RA)-mediated immune response in neonates, the exact mechanism of the enhancement of mucosal IgA production in the small intestine by β-carotene is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of supplemental β-carotene on the concentrations of IgA, the numbers of IgA antibody-secreting cells (ASC) and the mRNA expressions of IgA C-region, CCL25, retinoid X receptor (RXR) α, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) α and RARγ in the jejunum and ileum of weanling mice. Weanling mice were fed rodent feed or 50 mg/kg β-carotene-supplemented rodent feed for 7, 14 or 21 d. The concentrations of IgA and the numbers of IgA ASC in the jejunum and ileum of mice increased markedly with age, and supplemental β-carotene increased the concentrations of IgA, the numbers of IgA ASC and the mRNA expressions of IgA C-region, CCL25 and RARγ in the jejunum after 14 and 21 d of treatment. Supplemental β-carotene increased the numbers of IgA ASC in the ileum after 14 and 21 d of treatment, but the concentrations of IgA in the ileum were not affected by β-carotene supplementation. The mRNA expressions of RXRα and RARα in the jejunum and those of RXRα and RARγ in the ileum after 21 d of treatment were enhanced by β-carotene supplementation. These results indicate that β-carotene supplementation in weanling mice is effective to enhance mucosal IgA induction in the jejunum or ileum and that the effects are mainly due to the RA-mediated immune response.
The formation of a collisionless shock
Authors: Bret Antoine , Stockem Anne , Fiúza Frederico , Álvaro Erica Pérez , Ruyer Charles , Narayan Ramesh , Silva Luís O. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCollisionless shocks are key processes in astrophysics where the energy dissipation at the shock front is provided by collective plasma effects rather than particle collisions. While numerous simulations and laser-plasma experiments have shown they can result from the encounter of two plasma shells, a first principle theory of the shock formation is still lacking. In this respect, a series of 2D Particle-In-Cells simulations have been performed of two identical cold colliding pair plasmas. The simplicity of this system allows for an accurate analytical tracking of the physics. To start with, the Weibel-filamentation instability is triggered in the overlapping region, which generates a turbulent region after a saturation time τs. The incoming flow then piles-up in this region, building-up the shock density region according to some nonlinear processes, which will be the subject of future works. By evaluating the seed field giving rise to the instability, we derive an analytical expression for τs in good agreement with simulations. In view of the importance of the filamentation instability, we show a static magnetic field can cancel it if and only if it is perfectly aligned with the flow.
The acquisition of future temporality by L2 French learners
Authors: AYOUN DALILA 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThis cross-sectional study in the acquisition of future temporality by English-speaking L2 French learners presents a descriptive account of the major contrastive features of the expression in futurity in English and French before considering learnability implications. A personal narrative and a cloze task were administered to L2 French learners (n = 34) at three proficiency levels and French native speaker controls (n = 14). Analyses revealed task and proficiency effects, but all learners used a variety of morphological forms to express futurity in their personal narratives, and appear to be acquiring temporal and modal values associated with the future.