bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between NDVI and InSAR data coherence in deformation analysis caused by the 2022 Pasaman earthquake
Authors: Hajashafira C , Muksin U , Syahreza S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
One of the destructive earthquakes occurred in Pasaman Barat on February 25, 2022, with a magnitude of 6.1 Mw that caused 27 deaths, 19,221 people evacuated, and an estimated 6,627 houses destroyed. Currently, InSAR is one of the fastest methods to analyze the deformation impacted by an earthquake from processing Sentinel-1 Single Look Complex images. Analyzing the deformation of the 2022 Pasaman Earthquake using InSAR could be challenging because the area consists of high vegetation. It can cause decorrelation due to time difference which increases the possibility of the low coherence value of this data. Excluding the low-coherence result is essential for a better interpretation. This study will analyze the correlation between NDVI and interferogram coherence and eliminate low-coherence data for the displacement deformation map. The NDVI value was calculated using band 4 (Red) and band 5 (NIR) from Landsat 8 images. The InSAR was processed using SNAP, starting from interferogram formation until the conversion phase into displacements, and the map visualization was designed using QGIS. This application of the InSAR method (ascending mode) from Sentinel-1 SAR images can show the deformation, but the coherence level is relatively low. Deformations around the earthquake are shown as uplift and subsidence near the epicenter of the 2022 Pasaman Earthquakes. The high value of vegetation density in the study area causes low coherence between images, so the fringes that identify deformation due to the 2022 Pasaman Earthquake were not seen significantly for the entire study area.
Effects of Soil Liquefaction to Foundation Bearing Capacity Based on Empirical and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Setyadi G P , Rifa’i A , Indrawan I G B 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Soil liquefaction is one of the collateral hazards of earthquakes which can cause a soil layer to lose its bearing capacity, which can affect the stability of structures. Failure of a building structure can cost many lives, especially in strategic buildings. This research discusses bored pile foundations from the planned construction of elevated road in the Purwomartani area which located in moderate liquefaction vulnerability zone. The objective of this study is to estimate the influence of soil liquefaction on pile foundation capacity in elevated road construction plan in Purwomartani. This research uses empirical approach of Reese and O’Neil 1989 to calculate the axial bearing capacity of the pile under static and liquefaction conditions, and numerical simulation with the help of RSPile software to model the soil-pile interaction and the pile displacement under lateral loading. The data used in this research includes liquefaction potential data, foundation profile, soil investigation, standard penetration test, and laboratory tests. The analysis results showed that liquefaction caused a reduction in the foundation bearing capacity where axial bearing capacity reduce about 39,92 – 21,28% and lateral bearing capacity reduce by 5,31%.
Utilization of satellite data for landslide disaster mitigation in extreme event: a case study June 18, 2016, landslide in Banjarnegara Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Lestiana Hilda , Sukristiyanti Sukristiyanti , Fajar Saputra Okta , Agus Ahmid Deden , Iqbal Prahara , Joko Trilaksono Nurjanna , Tohari Adrin , Saepuloh Asep 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Understanding the characteristics of landslides produced by rainfall and soil humidity is critical for reducing the occurrence of landslides. Extreme rain, as an external impact, has been suggested to play a role in landslide development. Many people were killed in a landslide that occurred in the Banjarnegara Regency on June 18, 2016, which was unexpected because June is not Indonesia’s rainy season. El Niño and La Niña events were observed in Indonesia in 2015-2016. The initial hypothesis is that such extreme rain conditions caused this landslide. This study aims to apply an alternative approach to detecting landslides by monitoring soil moisture and rainfall with remote sensing data during extreme events. An analysis of precipitation and moisture data has been carried out before the event and is associated with the El Niño and La Niña phenomena. The findings indicate that the natural environment of Banjarnegara Regency is unique. Landslides occur even during the extreme dry season. Rain still drops, and soil moisture is high. The impact of local variables is more significant than regional conditions. They are still at risk of a landslide during the El Niño phase. During that stage, Banjarnegara Regency’s potential landslide area would continue to be observed. Monitoring needs to be carried out rapidly, with a high level of spatial and temporal resolution. It is possible to resolve it using IMERG and SMAP data.
Active faults along Indonesia’s first high-speed rail line
Authors: Aribowo Sonny , Hidayat Edi , Rizkita Puji Anggraini , Dani Wardhana Dadan , Hanif Muhammad , Ramadian Aldrin , Rahmawan Daryono Mudrik 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The cities of Jakarta and Bandung, two vital hubs in the western part of Java, are now connected by a high-speed rail line. However, potential earthquake hazards arise as the line intersects two active faults in West Java. To address this concern, we conducted a detailed geomorphological analysis using high-resolution DEM data (8-meter resolution) combine with 30-m resolution data to locate fault lines along the rail infrastructure. In the north, the line intersects the West Java back-arc thrust, while in the south, it crosses the junction of the Lembang Fault and Cimandiri Fault in Padalarang. However, young deposits and vegetation still could obscure fault traces in specific areas observed from high-resolution DEM data. To overcome this challenge, we employed UAV drone mapping to capture finer geomorphology details. This information then combined with paleoseismology trenching to uncover the active structural features. The aim is to enhance the railway’s resilience; and build monitoring and early warning systems for the high-speed train operation system to seismic events.
Development of Seismic microzonation for Rancaekek Sub-District using microtremor method
Authors: Yulians Melya , Tohari Adrin , Pandu Gya Nur Rochman Juan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Rancaekek sub-district located in the Bandung Regency is geologically characterized by soft and loose sediment layers such as clays, silts, and sands associated with the old Bandung Lake. Due to the existence of the Sesar Lembang Fault, the Rancaekek area is also vulnerable to seismic disasters. To provide knowledge on seismic vulnerability, therefore, a seismic microzonation study was conducted at 25 locations in the Rancaekek area using the microtremor method. Based on the available microtremor measurement data, the seismic vulnerability of the Rancaekek sub-district varies from one area to another. Amongst other areas Northern part of Bojongloa, Northern part of Rancaekek Wetan and Northern part of Jelegong areas are the most vulnerable to seismic damage because these areas have low dominant frequencies with medium amplification zones, and low Vs30 values ranging from 90 to 127 m/s. Thus, any building and infrastructure development in these areas should follow the national building code to reduce damage due to earthquake shaking.
The preliminary investigation on the microplastic removal using column flotation: effects of kerosene on the floatability of microplastics
Authors: Srichonphaisarn P , Julapong P , Juntarasakul O , Phengsaart T 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), 1 to 5000 µm plastics particle, present grave environmental challenges due to their wide distribution in water and difficulty of removal due to their small size. As these particles persist in aquatic ecosystems, effective removal methods are urgently needed. The small size, low density, and high hydrophobicity of MPs not only facilitate their spread but also enhance their potential toxicity. MPs can adsorb toxic compounds and heavy metals, posing risks to both humans and wildlife through ingestion and inhalation. According to the properties of MPs, column flotation, a surface-based separation technique suitable for fine particles, might have a potential to remove MPs from contaminated water and to achieve the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs) #Goal14 “Life below Water”. In this study, the effects of kerosene dosage on the floatability of microplastics in column flotation were preliminarily investigated. The result showed that the kerosene could enhance the floatability and density of MPs also show significant effects on removal rate.
Study of The Axial and Lateral Bearing Capacity of Bored Piles Affected by Liquefaction
Authors: Satilah S. E. , Hardiyatmo H. C. , Satyarno I. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Liquefaction can lead to structural failure as it reduces the bearing capacity of building foundations. This phenomenon occurs in saturated sandy soils where pore water pressure increases, significantly decreasing effective soil stress. Evaluating the axial and lateral bearing capacity of bored piles affected by liquefaction is crucial to ensure the stability and performance of foundation systems. This study focuses on assessing the capabilities of bored piles in the Governor’s Office of Sulawesi Barat Province, which are influenced by liquefaction phenomena. The empirical approach applied the O’Neill and Reese 1989 method, while the numerical approach used RS Pile. The calculation results revealed decreased axial bearing capacity under liquefaction conditions. In non-liquefaction, PC.4 can withstand up to 24946 kN, with displacements of 0.94 cm (x), 0.39 cm (y), and 1.12 cm in settlement. In liquefaction, it decreases to 2876.78 kN, with displacements of 1.32 cm (x), 0.86 cm (y), and 1.68 cm in settlement. In non-liquefaction, PC.3 can withstand up to 17407.93 kN with displacements of 0.02 cm (x), 0.04 cm (y), and 0.06 cm in settlement. In liquefaction, it decreases to 1713.05 kN, with displacements of 0.02 cm (x), 0.05 cm (y), and 0.07 cm in settlement.
Detecting Geothermal Phenomena at Sikidang Crater Area Based on Ground Penetrating Radar Method
Authors: Nurapita K K R , Samodra S B , Utami P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Sikidang Crater (2000 masl) is one of the leading tourist sites in the Dieng area. However, not many people realise that Sikidang Crater is located in the Dieng Volcanic Complex where most of the volcanoes belong to the type A category. Sikidang Crater is one of the main geothermal manifestations occupied by mud pools, solfatara, fumaroles, and altered rocks. These manifestations have potential geological hazards such as toxic gases, base surge, and mud explosions. On the other hand, it has a high level of human activity that increases the risk of disasters. As an effort to prevent and mitigate disasters, it is necessary to know the subsurface geological conditions of the crater. This study aims to determine the subsurface geological conditions of the crater.
This research uses the methods of detailed geological mapping, manifestation observation, and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) geophysical survey. The tool used is Akula Geoscanner 9000C running at 64.75 Hz frequency, capable of penetrating 50 meters deep, and has a vertical resolution of > 0.85 meters.
Sikidang Crater is located at the southeastern foot of Mount Pangonan and it forms semicircular like a horseshoe. According to Van Zuidam, the crater is classified as a solfatara and fumarole field geomorphology unit. The lithology of this area is dominated by the eruption products of Mount Pangonan. In general, radargrams resulting from GPR surveys show various amplitudes of reflected electromagnetic waves. This is consistent when correlated with the variation in rock density of the research area. At some points, there is a decrease in electromagnetic wave velocity due to contrast in dielectric constant values, which is interpreted as geothermal fluid flow towards the surface. The potential level of geothermal fluid flow is classified into high, medium, low, and none based on the density of potential points seen in the radargram.
A Preliminary Study: Physicochemical Characteristics and the Recommendations for Industrial Application of the Mlaten Clay Materials, Mojokerto, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Luqman S A , Titisari A D , Hendratno A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Clays are industrial minerals that are widely utilized for various industrial fields. Eastern Java has a high potential of clay minerals (±348 million tons), including Mojokerto. The research location is in Mlaten and its surroundings, Mojokerto, East Java and covers an area of ± 16 km2. The massive utilization and potential in this area has not been comprehensively followed by research and exploration of clay minerals. In this case, the potential of clay minerals needs to be investigated so that prospective locations can be determined along with recommendations for optimal utilization. To determine the physical properties, which are plasticity test, grain size test, and forming water test, were conducted on 3 samples of raw clay and 1 sample of industrial clay. Furthermore, the geochemical analysis is to determine the major oxide compounds and was conducted on 8 raw clay samples. The lithology units of the study area can be divided into 2 units, consisting of sand-clay unit and weathered upper Quaternary volcanic unit. The Mlaten clay deposits are found in both units. Physical characteristics of clay in Mlaten are consisting of 2,34% - 2,47% clay grain size and having of moderate to high plasticity. The recommendation for forming water in clay utilization ranges from 15-43%. On the other side, Mlaten clay is geochemically characterized by high content of SiO2 (50-59,6%), Fe2O3 (7,24-10,15%), and Al2O3 (16,9-19,9%), but low content of K2O (0,63-1,04%), Na2O (1,44-2,49%), MgO (1,04-1,96%), and CaO (2,42-4,87%). Based on the physicochemical characteristics, Mlaten clay are recommended as raw materials for the manufacture of earthenware ceramic industry, cement industry, and as absorbents in the palm oil industry.
Facies Analysis Using Attribute Seismic With Simply Rock Typing in Field “X” Kutai Basin
Authors: Ajeng Kinanti Dafina , Komara Eki , Ariyanti Nita 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Field X is one of the hydrocarbons producing fields in the Kutai Basin which is one of the largest and deepest tertiary basins producing the second largest hydrocarbon production in Indonesia with 2.47MMBO oil reserves and 28.1 TCF gas. Based on qualitative analysis, the target zone in the four wells is estimated to be within the range of 1050 – 1400 ms. Sensitivity analysis was employed to determine the most sensitive parameters capable of distinguishing lithology within the formation. To ascertain the optimal number of attributes to be used, linear regression was employed, resulting in the selection of 12 attributes with a correlation coefficient of 0.919. Concurrently, log data was utilized for electro facies analysis. Electro facies analysis involved interpreting the shape of the gamma-ray curve, which indicated that the deposition setting in the four wells resembled a delta system. Additionally, rock typing was employed to classify rocks based on wet clay shale parameters, yielding information about the direction and more detailed settings of deposition. The results from the multi-attribute method, rock typing, and electro facies analysis, it was determined that Field X was deposited in a tidal delta to delta front environment, with a deposition direction from North to South.
Geostatistical Models and Estimation of Laterite Nickel Ore Reserves, Marombo Block, South Sulawesi
Authors: Nunusara Werdhi , Maulana Adi , Tonggiroh Adi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Geostatistical modeling in this study requires a distribution of drill points that have a fixed dimension so that they can produce a reserve accuracy match that is the same as the variograph. The choice of reserve estimation method is prioritized by determining the geological domains of limonite, saprolite and bedrock through a geostatistical approach, namely ordinary krigging (OK) and inverse distance weight (IDW) with the JORC standard (2012), for the accuracy of the limonite and saprolite zone boundaries. The reserve model has shown a definite model of the limonite and saprolite zones and can be used further. By using simulations on cut-off grade (COG) to calculate resources and classify mineral resources, the estimation results obtained mean nickel levels above 1.40% so that the CoG to be used must be greater than Ni 0.90% for limonite, and Ni 1.10% for saprolite. The results of modeling the geometry of laterite nickel ore obtained that the total tonnage shown in limonite was 0.36 wmt (wet metric ton), inferred 0.10 wmt, and indicated in saprolite was 0.58 wmt, inferred was 0.40 wmt.
Co, Sc, and Ni enrichment in the Cagdianao nickel laterite deposit, Dinagat Islands, Philippines
Authors: Barrientos M A , Gabo-Ratio J A , Yamada T , Jabagat K , Francisco A M , Yonezu K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Nickel laterites are soils that are derived from the weathering of mafic and ultramafic rocks. These deposits are being extracted mostly for their economic Ni and Fe content. However, in recent studies, the potential of nickel laterites to hold significant amounts of critical metals such as Sc and Co are already being investigated.
In the Philippines, nickel laterite deposits form through the weathering of ophiolitic units. One of these is the Cagdianao nickel laterite deposit which was derived from the weathering of the ultramafic units of the Dinagat Ophiolite Complex in Dinagat Island, Surigao Del Norte, Philippines.
The bedrock of the Dinagat Ophiolite Complex is dominantly comprised of harzburgite. This harzburgite bedrock is overlain by a nickel laterite profile consisting of horizons of Mg- and Si-rich rocky saprolite, earthy saprolite, Fe-rich limonite, and an Al-rich topsoil. Drillcores and field exposures of the nickel laterite profile were observed, sampled, and subjected to petrography, whole rock geochemistry (XRF and ICPMS), and mineral chemistry (LA-ICPMS) analyses.
In terms of major elements, Fe is dominant in the limonite zone (up to 59.76 wt.%). Mg and Si are more enriched in the rocky saprolite layer (up to 28.41 and 37.41 wt.%, respectively). In terms of the critical minerals, Ni is more enriched in the saprolite zone (up to 29936 ppm) while Co and Sc are more enriched in the limonite zone (up to 1080 and 86 ppm, respectively). Elemental mapping of the bedrock samples reveals the strong affinity of Ni to olivine and serpentine. Sc was revealed to have a greater affinity with orthopyroxenes. Lastly, Co is observed to have a slight affinity with olivine.
These results show a relative enrichment of Co in the profile, particularly in the limonite. Co within the laterite profile also has a very strong affinity with MnO. Similarly, the highest concentration values for Sc were also observed in the limonite. It also exhibits an affinity for Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Lastly, Ni was observed to have a strong affinity with olivine and serpentine minerals in the bedrock and the rocky saprolite horizons.
Within the deposit, Ni is the main commodity while Co, Sc, and REEs can be considered as by-products.
The feasibility and efficiency of fly ash as an absorbent for phosphate removal
Authors: Juntarasakul O , Vercruysee J , Roongcharoen P , Pimolrat J , Rawangphai M , Phengsaart T 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient required for the growth and development of plants, animals, and microorganisms. However, excessive phosphorus in wastewater can cause detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems, leading to eutrophication and harmful algal blooms. Thus, the removal of phosphorus from wastewater is crucial to protect water bodies and maintain environmental sustainability. The removal mechanism of phosphorus by fly ash involves both physical and chemical processes. The high surface area and porosity of fly ash facilitate the adsorption of phosphorus molecules onto its surface, while the presence of calcium and aluminium oxides in fly ash enables the formation of stable precipitates with phosphorus in the solution. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the feasibility and efficiency of fly ash as an absorbent for phosphorus removal. These studies have demonstrated that fly ash can effectively remove phosphorus from wastewater, achieving removal efficiencies of up to 90%. The performance of fly ash as an absorbent can be enhanced through various strategies, such as modification with reactive substances or combining it with other materials. Objective of this study is parameters that effect on phosphorus absorption using fly ash as absorbent. The results showed that increasing pH decrease % removal.
Direct Field Curve Fitting Method to Determine Hardening Soil Parameter for Geotechnical Projects
Authors: Sandi Tazakka Merdeka , Adi Tirta Budiwan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In a wide archipelago country like Indonesia, transporting soil samples for laboratory tests are quite a bit of challenge in terms of cost and time as those need to be transported for weeks to nearest big cities. In-situ tests and correlation methods can be used as an alternative solution for preliminary or detailed design beside having on site laboratory. Correlating in-situ test results to hardening soil parameter (e.g. E
50) is common but it is not clear how those should be adjusted for Plaxis input. Two deep excavation projects and a lateral pile load test are used to see the performance of direct field curve fitting method utilizing SPT correlation to HS parameter. From the analysis, using E
50=4000N for clay soils and E
50=2800N for sand soils as upper bound parameters produce the best results with lesser discrepancy with the field measurements compared to calculations with lower bound parameters. For the deep excavation cases (Case 1 and Case 2), calculated lateral displacement results using upper bound parameters overestimates inclinometers measurement for less than 1.5 cm for both cases. For the case of lateral pile load test (Case 3), calculation using upper bound parameters succeed to capture a high detail of unloading-reloading curves similar to the actual measurement. This method can be used as a technique to design geotechnical projects and it proposes a framework for future research regarding a new possibility to establish various E
50 correlations.