bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy‐efficient management using a traffic‐oriented routing scheme for cognitive radio networks
Authors: Mavromoustakis Constandinos X. , Mastorakis George , Bourdena Athina , Pallis Evangelos 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThis paper elaborates on a traffic manipulation routing scheme that associates the moments of the traffic, targeting the maximization of the energy conservation, as well as the effective resource management of the network nodes. The energy conservation is achieved through the data flow coordination, in association with the data traffic volume and the resource exchange, between the nodes that exploit radio spectrum access in cognitive radio networking architectures. The routing scheme that is proposed in this paper interrelates the backward difference of traffic moments for each node based on a series model, together with the sleep‐time period, towards reflecting this measurement to the minimization of the nodes activity durations to achieve energy conservation. The effective operation of the routing scheme is achieved by exploiting a signalling mechanism that was adopted for the proper communication of the nodes over the available radio spectrum parts, such as the television white spaces. Simulation tests were conducted towards examining the validity of the proposed routing scheme via multiple performance evaluation experiments. Simulation results have shown the offered reliability and the efficiency of the proposed traffic‐aware scheme, in reference to the efficient energy consumption of the networking nodes and the minimization of the delays. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells prepared by reactive magnetron co‐sputtering from metallic targets in an Ar:H2Se atmosphere
Authors: Schulte Jonas , Harbauer Karsten , Ellmer Klaus 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we show that a reactive co‐sputtering process using metallic CuGa and In targets; an Ar:H2Se atmosphere is well suited for the deposition of photoactive Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) absorber layers for thin‐film solar cells in a single process step. The achievement of single‐phase and well‐crystallized layers is thereby no major problem if a sufficiently high H2Se content and substrate temperatures in the range of 400–500 °C are used. However, in order to achieve the desired Cu‐poor film stoichiometry, which is crucial for the device performance, it has to be considered already that, at moderate substrate temperatures in the range of 400–500 °C, indium has a strong tendency to re‐evaporate from the film surface if the film composition is Cu‐poor. If excess indium is supplied, this effect can lead to a self‐adjustment of the film composition. This allows a very wide process window in a one‐stage process concerning the supply ratio from the two targets of [Cu]/([In] + [Ga])supply ≈ 0.35–0.8. However, the maximum efficiencies achievable with such a process are limited to 11.7% because an adequate Cu‐poor composition can only be achieved with significant Cu‐poor conditions, which allow only a low material quality. By using an improved process with an intermediate Cu‐rich composition and a final Cu‐poor stage, the absorber quality could be significantly improved; efficiencies of up to 14.3% have been achieved with CIGSe films prepared on Na‐doped Mo back contacts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pneumonia Prevention during a Humanitarian Emergency: Cost-effectiveness of Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Conjugate Vaccine and Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Somalia
Authors: Gargano Lisa M. , Hajjeh Rana , Cookson Susan T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundPneumonia is a leading cause of death among children less than five years old during humanitarian emergencies. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the leading causes of bacterial pneumonia. Vaccines for both of these pathogens are available to prevent pneumonia.ProblemThis study describes an economic analysis from a publicly funded health care system perspective performed on a birth cohort in Somalia, a country that has experienced a protracted humanitarian emergency.MethodsAn impact and cost-effectiveness analysis was performed comparing: no vaccine, Hib vaccine only, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 10 (PCV10) only, and both together administered through supplemental immunization activities (SIAs). The main summary measure was the incremental cost per disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted. One-way sensitivity analysis was conducted for uncertainty in parameter values.ResultsEach SIA would avert a substantial number of cases and deaths. Compared with no vaccine, the DALYs averted by two SIAs for two doses of Hib vaccine was US $202.93 (lower and upper limits: $121.80-$623.52), two doses of PCV10 was US $161.51 ($107.24-$227.21), and two doses of both vaccines was US $152.42 ($101.20-$214.42). Variables that influenced the cost-effectiveness for each strategy most substantially were vaccine effectiveness, case fatality rates (CFRs), and disease burden.ConclusionsThe World Health Organization (WHO) defines a cost-effective intervention as costing one to three times the per capita gross domestic product (GDP; in 2011, for Somalia=US $112). Based on the presented model, Hib vaccine alone, PCV10 alone, or Hib vaccine and PCV10 given together in SIAs are cost-effective interventions in Somalia. The WHO/Strategic Advisory Group of Experts decision-making factors for vaccine deployment appear to have all been met: the disease burden is large, the vaccine-related risk is low, prevention in this setting is more feasible than treatment, the vaccine duration probably is sufficient for the vulnerable period of the child’s life, cost is reasonable, and herd immunity is possible.GarganoLM, HajjehR, CooksonST. Pneumonia prevention during a humanitarian emergency: cost-effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Somalia. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(4):110.
Ligand regulation of a constitutively dimeric EGF receptor
Authors: Freed Daniel M. , Alvarado Diego , Lemmon Mark A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLigand-induced receptor dimerization has traditionally been viewed as the key event in transmembrane signalling by epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs). Here we show that the Caenorhabditis elegans EGFR orthologue LET-23 is constitutively dimeric, yet responds to its ligand LIN-3 without changing oligomerization state. SAXS and mutational analyses further reveal that the preformed dimer of the LET-23 extracellular region is mediated by its domain II dimerization arm and resembles other EGFR extracellular dimers seen in structural studies. Binding of LIN-3 induces only minor structural rearrangements in the LET-23 dimer to promote signalling. Our results therefore argue that EGFR can be regulated by allosteric changes within an existing receptor dimer—resembling signalling by insulin receptor family members, which share similar extracellular domain compositions but form covalent dimers.
Language-independent gender identification through keystroke analysis
Authors: Tsimperidis Ioannis , Katos Vasilios , Clarke Nathan 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of identifying the gender of an author by measuring the keystroke duration when typing a message.

Design/methodology/approach
– Three classifiers were constructed and tested. The authors empirically evaluated the effectiveness of the classifiers by using empirical data. The authors used primary data as well as a publicly available dataset containing keystrokes from a different language to validate the language independence assumption.

Findings
– The results of this paper indicate that it is possible to identify the gender of an author by analyzing keystroke durations with a probability of success in the region of 70 per cent.

Research limitations/implications
– The proposed approach was validated with a limited number of participants and languages, yet the statistical tests show the significance of the results. However, this approach will be further tested with other languages.

Practical implications
– Having the ability to identify the gender of an author of a certain piece of text has value in digital forensics, as the proposed method will be a source of circumstantial evidence for “putting fingers on keyboard” and for arbitrating cases where the true origin of a message needs to be identified.

Social implications
– If the proposed method is included as part of a text-composing system (such as e-mail, and instant messaging applications), it could increase trust toward the applications that use it and may also work as a deterrent for crimes involving forgery.

Originality/value
– The proposed approach combines and adapts techniques from the domains of biometric authentication and data classification.
Creating a safe and pleasant shopping environment: a retailer’s view
Authors: Kajalo Sami , Lindblom Arto 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyse how retailers view the links between security problems, investments in formal and informal surveillance, the sense of security felt among customers and employees, and the competitiveness of the store.Design/methodology/approach– The study utilizes elements of the theory of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) in its theoretical approach. Thus, surveillance investments are divided into formal and informal surveillance investments. The theoretical model is tested using structural equation modelling (SEM) with data collected among grocery store retailers.Findings– The study shows that security problems have a positive impact on investments in formal surveillance but no impact on investments in informal surveillance. Furthermore, retailers perceive that formal surveillance investments have a negative impact on the sense of security felt among customers and employees, whereas informal surveillance investments have a positive impact. In addition, retail entrepreneurs perceive that the sense of security felt among customers and employees has a positive impact on the competitiveness of the store.Research limitations/implications– The impact of investments in security should also be studied from other viewpoints than just retailers. In addition, conceptual and qualitative empirical studies are needed to obtain a clearer understanding of the effectiveness of surveillance in the store environment.Practical implications– The paper shows retailers the linkages between different types of surveillance investments and the sense of security felt among consumers and retail employees.Originality/value– The present research provides empirical evidence on how investments in security are linked to the competitiveness of retail stores.
An eighteen‐month follow‐up of a pilot parent‐delivered play‐based intervention to improve the social play skills of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their playmates
Authors: Cantrill Alycia , Wilkes‐Gillan Sarah , Bundy Anita , Cordier Reinie , Wilson Nathan J. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundChildren with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience significant ongoing social difficulties which occur in multiple contexts. Interventions designed to improve these social difficulties have demonstrated minimal effectiveness. Thus, there is a clear need to establish interventions that are effective in addressing the social difficulties of children with ADHD across contexts and in the long term. Aim: To examine the long‐term effectiveness and appropriateness of a pilot parent‐delivered intervention designed to improve the social play skills of children with ADHD and their playmates.MethodParticipants included five children with ADHD who had completed the intervention 18‐months prior, their typically developing playmates and mothers of children with ADHD. Blinded ratings from the Test of Playfulness were used to measure children's social play: post‐intervention and 18‐months following the intervention in the home and clinic. Wilcoxon signed‐ranks and Cohen's‐d calculations were used to measure effectiveness. Parents’ perspectives of the appropriateness of the intervention were explored through semi‐structured interviews and data were analysed thematically.ResultsThe social play skills of children with ADHD and their playmates were maintained following the intervention in the home and clinic. Thematic analysis revealed four core‐themes against an intervention appropriateness framework: new parenting tools, a social shift, adapting strategies over time and the next developmental challenge.ConclusionThe parent‐delivered intervention demonstrated long‐term effectiveness and appropriateness for improving children's social play skills.SignificanceThese preliminary results are promising as maintaining treatment effects and achieving generalisation across contexts has remained an unachieved goal for most psycho‐social interventions.
Change of U.S. Freight-Train Derailment Rate From 2000 to 2012
Authors: Liu Xiang 
Published: June 2015

A widely used measure for rail safety is accident rate, which is defined as the number of train accidents normalized by traffic exposure. Of interest in rail safety research is to understand the temporal trend of accident rates, the significant factors affecting the trend, as well as how to predict future accident rates. This paper presents a statistical analysis of U.S. freight-train derailment rates from 2000 to 2012, based on information from the Federal Railroad Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation. The analysis leads to several observations, including:
• There is a significant temporal decline in Class I freight-train derailment rate (−5.8%) per year
• The rate of change in accident rate varies by accident cause. Freight-train derailment rates due to broken rails or welds and track geometry defects declined by 7% annually, respectively; bearing-failure-caused derailment rate decreased by 11% annually; and derailment rate caused by train handling errors fell by 9% annually.
Future train derailment rates are projected and can be used to evaluate the safety benefit of accident prevention strategies.
Long-Term End-Slip Measurements and Corresponding Transfer Lengths in Pretensioned Concrete Railroad Ties Fabricated With 15 Different Reinforcements
Authors: Peterman Robert J. , Bodapati Naga Narendra B. , Beck B. Terry , Wu Chih-Hang John 
Published: June 2015

Fifteen different reinforcements that are widely employed in manufacturing of railroad ties worldwide were selected for the study presented in this paper. Selected reinforcements include; 12 number of 5.32 mm diameter wires, two 3/8-inch diameter 7 wire strands, and one 5/16-inch diameter 3 wire strand. Twelve wire reinforcements are differed by surface indent geometries with one wire being smooth surfaced profile. Strand reinforcements consisted one smooth and one indented 7 wire strand, and one smooth 3 wire strand.
All reinforcements were stored in low-humidity environment to avoid rust. Later, pre-tensioned concrete railroad ties were fabricated at a tie manufacturing plant with the selected 15 different reinforcements in January 2013. Same concrete mix proportions were used during the fabrication of the ties with these 15 reinforcement types. Reinforcement end-slips were measured for each concrete tie at every reinforcement location during August 2014 (after one and half years). Simultaneously, transfer length measurements were measured on all these ties through surface strain measurements.
Detailed analysis of the measured end-slips for the ties fabricated with 15 reinforcements is presented. This analysis includes the variation of end-slip measurements at different locations in the cross-section. Variation in end-slip measurements for different types of reinforcements is also discussed. Transfer lengths are compared with end slip measurements and an equation to predict transfer lengths from long term end-slip values is presented.
Experimental Investigation of the Influence of the Supporting Mechanism of a Self-Energizing Hydraulic Brake on Torque Oscillations
Authors: Hirtz Matthias , Ewald Julian , Murrenhoff Hubertus 
Published: June 2015

Friction force oscillations caused by changes in the properties of the contact zone between brake disc and pad are well known from various applications. Resulting effects like brake judder are known phenomena in brake technologies and in the scope of various scientific work. A new potential measure to reduce brake torque oscillations is the active compensation with the use of the control system of a self-energizing hydraulic brake (SEHB).
The SEHB for railway application developed at the Institute for Fluid Power Drives and Controls (IFAS) of RWTH Aachen University offers high dynamic properties with its capability to reduce brake torque oscillations actively. New — in comparison to other braking systems — is the fact that the brake torque is measured by sensing the pressure in an additional supporting cylinder. Within this paper the influence of the hydraulic-mechanical system of the supporting cylinder on the oscillation properties of the SEHB is analyzed. The experimental investigation is conducted using a full scale brake test for railway applications. The brake disc is driven by hydraulic motors in secondary control mode. Measurement results will be used to define requirements of a superimposed dynamic pressure control to minimize brake torque oscillations. Future work will be experimental investigation of the influence of the self-energizing effect and the development of measures to compensate brake torque oscillations actively with the hydraulic actuator of the SEHB.
The Enterovirus 3C Protease Inhibitor SG85 Efficiently Blocks Rhinovirus Replication and Is Not Cross-Resistant with Rupintrivir
Authors: Lacroix Céline , George Shyla , Leyssen Pieter , Hilgenfeld Rolf , Neyts Johan 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

The novel enterovirus protease inhibitor (PI) SG85 effectively inhibits the
in vitro
replication of 14 rhinoviruses representative of species A and B (median 50% effective concentration, 0.04 μM). A low-level SG85-resistant variant was selected that carried amino acid substitutions S127G and T143A in the 3C protease. Both substitutions are required for low-level resistance to SG85, as demonstrated by reverse genetics. Interestingly, there is no cross-resistance to SG85 and rupintrivir (another PI); a structural explanation is provided for this observation.
Novel Paraoxonase 2-Dependent Mechanism Mediating the Biological Effects of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum-Sensing Molecule
N
-(3-Oxo-Dodecanoyl)-
l
-Homoserine Lactone
Authors: Horke Sven , Xiao Junhui , Schütz Eva-Maria , Kramer Gerald L. , Wilgenbus Petra , Witte Ines , Selbach Moritz , Teiber John F. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
produces
N
-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl)-
l
-homoserine lactone (3OC12), a crucial signaling molecule that elicits diverse biological responses in host cells thought to subvert immune defenses. The mechanism mediating many of these responses remains unknown. The intracellular lactonase paraoxonase 2 (PON2) hydrolyzes and inactivates 3OC12 and is therefore considered a component of host cells that attenuates 3OC12-mediated responses. Here, we demonstrate in cell lines and in primary human bronchial epithelial cells that 3OC12 is rapidly hydrolyzed intracellularly by PON2 to 3OC12 acid, which becomes trapped and accumulates within the cells. Subcellularly, 3OC12 acid accumulated within the mitochondria, a compartment where PON2 is localized. Treatment with 3OC12 caused a rapid PON2-dependent cytosolic and mitochondrial pH decrease, calcium release, and phosphorylation of stress signaling kinases. The results indicate a novel, PON2-dependent intracellular acidification mechanism by which 3OC12 can mediate its biological effects. Thus, PON2 is a central regulator of host cell responses to 3OC12, acting to decrease the availability of 3OC12 for receptor-mediated effects and acting to promote effects, such as calcium release and stress signaling, via intracellular acidification.
ЕНДОТЕЛІЙ: ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ТА ЙОГО ДИСФУНКЦІЯ
Authors: Возна Х.І. , Москалюк В.Д. 
Published: June 2015

<p><em>Наведено сучасні відомості про фізіологію ендотелію та патогенез ендотеліальної дисфункції. Особлива увага приділена взаємозалежним впливам багатьох вазоактивних субстанцій ендотеліального походження, передусім оксиду азоту (</em><em>NO</em><em>)</em><em> та ендотелінів. Попри загальновизнане значення дисфункції ендотелію при кардіоваскулярній і церебральній патології, значна увага приділена ролі цього явища при ряді інших соматичних та інфекційних недуг, зокрема при ВІЛ-інфекції/СНІДі. </em></p>
ФУНКЦІЯ ІМУННОЇ СИСИТЕМИ У ВАГІТНИХ З НЕВИНОШУВАННЯМ ГЕРПЕСВІРУСНОЇ ЕТІОЛОГІЇ
Authors: Нагорна В. Ф. , Ніколаєва С. В. 
Published: June 2015

В жінок з не виношуванням вагітності на фоні герпесвірусно інфекції спостерігаються зміни імунного статусу за типом вторинного імунодефіциту. Проведено вивчення функції імунної системи у вагітних пацієнток з герпесвірусною інфекцією та не виношуванням в анамнезі після лікування препаратом протефлазид. Встановлено, що механізм противірусної дії протефлазіду пов'язаний з корекцією функції імунної системи; збільшенням загального числа Т – і В-лімфоцитів, збільшенням імунорегуляторного індексу CD4/CD8, зменшенням концентрації ЦК. Зроблено висновок, що застосуванням протефлазиду для прегравідарно підготовки та корекції протягом вагітності у пацієнток з хронічною герпес вірусною інфекцією та не виношуванням в анамнезі, сприяє корекції функції імунної системи.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ПРОСТОРОВИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ КАМЕР СЕРЦЯ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНИХ ТВАРИН З РІЗНОЮ СТІЙКІСТЮ ДО ГІПОКСІЇ
Authors: Гнатюк М. С. , Пришляк А. М. , Гнатюк Р. М. , Ремінецький Б. Я. 
Published: June 2015

<p>Вивчені планіметричні та об’ємні параметри камер серця у низькорезистентних та високорезистентих до гіпоксії білих щурів. Встановлено, що у останніх просторові характеристики камер серця більші порівняно з попередніми. У високорезистентних тварин домінували також резервні об’єми шлуночків серця, яким належить провідна роль у забезпеченні необхідної продуктивності міокарда та підвищенні його адаптаційних резервів.</p>
Conceptualizing Temporary Economic Migration to Kuwait
Authors: John Stanley 
Published: June 2015

Migrant religious communities dot the landscape of every major city on the globe. Migrant churches formed by temporary economic migrants from India, the Philippines, Egypt and Nigeria are found in each of the six Arabian Gulf countries. How do we begin to understand the migrant churches in this region? This article posits that migrant churches must be studied in light of their specific geographical contexts, the migratory system at work in their contexts, and with attention to the complexity embodied by the various types of migrants. We will employ this model to analyze the case of Kerala Pentecostal churches in Kuwait.We begin with a demographic analysis of the context of Kuwait, which will capture the ethnic and religious composition of the country. In the next section, we deal specifically with conceptualizing the phenomenon of temporary economic migration. After demonstrating that migrant experience differs significantly based on migrant social location, the article identifies seven key determinants of migrant social location: skill level, length of tenure, employer, type of visa, migration network, family reunification, and ethnicity and religion. The article employs this model to analyze the practice of faith among the Kerala Pentecostal churches along three foci of worship, community and service.