bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different carbon sources and C/N values on nonvolatile taste components of Pleurotus eryngii
Authors: Li Wen , Li Xiaobei , Yang Yan , Zhou Feng , Liu Yanfang , Zhou Shuai , Yu Hailong 
Published: July 2015

SummaryPleurotus eryngii, the second largest industrial cultivation mushroom in China, is usually cultivated on substrates mainly consisting of sawdust and corncob. In this study, experiments were performed to determine the effects of different carbon sources and C/N values on nonvolatile taste components of P. eryngii. The effects of different carbon sources on nonvolatile taste components levels revealed that sawdust was beneficial to high levels of crude protein, amino acids, 5′‐nucleotides and equivalent umami concentration, while corncob was beneficial to high contents of carbohydrate, polysaccharides and trehalose. At the similar C/N values, relatively higher sawdust content was beneficial to umami amino acid production, while relatively higher corncob content was beneficial to high contents of carbohydrate, polysaccharides and mannitol. Higher C/N value was beneficial to high levels of crude protein, amino acids, 5′‐nucleotides and equivalent umami concentration, while lower C/N value was beneficial to high contents of carbohydrate, polysaccharides and trehalose. These results provided information for P. eryngii fruit body industrial cultivation to obtain specific nonvolatile taste components with high levels.
The impact of collagen on softening of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets stored under superchilled and ice storage
Authors: Jiang Xiaoqing , Xu Yanshun , Ge Lihong , Xia Wenshui , Jiang Qixing 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe objective of this work was to study the impact of collagen on softening of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets during chilled storage. The fillets were stored under superchilling (−1.5 ± 0.2 °C) and with ice (0.2 ± 0.1 °C) for 21 days, and texture properties, collagen and the related enzyme activities were measured. Results showed that firmness and collagen content were strongly influenced by storage temperature and time. Fillet firmness decreased by 32.3% (superchilling) and 49.6% (ice stored) of the initial values after 3 days of storage, respectively. Total collagen content decreased with time, but different collagen fractions showed variations. Collagen degraded to different extents depending on storage conditions as indicated by SDS‐PAGE and amino acid analysis. In addition, collagenase activity declined significantly during the first 3 days, followed by a slow increase. This study demonstrated that collagen degradation was involved in grass carp fillet softening and provided useful information for fillet quality improvement.
A distance‐based decision‐making method to improve multiple criteria ABC inventory classification
Authors: Fu Yelin , Lai Kin Keung , Miao Yajun , Leung John W.K. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe present paper extends the Ng‐model for multiple criteria ABC inventory classification based on a distance‐based decision‐making method. The proposed method determines the common weights associated with all rankings of the criteria importance, and then provides a comprehensive scoring scheme by aggregating all rankings. A numerical illustration is presented to compare our computational results with previous studies.
Promoting labour rights in the global economy: Could the United States’ new model trade and investment frameworks advance international labour standards in Bangladesh?
Authors: BROWN Ronald C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractInternational free‐trade or investment agreements offer great potential for improving labour standards. But that potential is far from realized. Compared with earlier models, the strengthened labour provisions of the United States’ recent trade agreement with the Republic of Korea mark a definite improvement, but the author questions their effectiveness, not least because the rights they purport to protect are specifically framed (somewhat loosely) in terms of the ILO Declaration of 1998 rather than the fundamental Conventions that underpin it. Enforcement mechanisms are also questionable. He considers what would need to be done to ensure that such agreements genuinely contribute to raising labour standards globally.
Global variation in thermal physiology of birds and mammals: evidence for phylogenetic niche conservatism only in the tropics
Authors: Khaliq Imran , Fritz Susanne A. , Prinzinger Roland , Pfenninger Markus , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin , Hof Christian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimPhysiological traits that approximate the fundamental climatic niche – the climatic conditions where a species can survive – are the outcome of adaptation to the environment under historical and current environmental constraints. If a large amount of the variation in physiological traits among species can be explained by their phylogeny rather than by contemporary environmental conditions, this would indicate phylogenetic conservatism in physiological traits, i.e. the tendency of species to retain their ancestral physiology over time. Here, we evaluate the relative contributions of phylogeny and environment to explain the variation in physiological traits of birds and mammals at the global level, as well as separately for tropical versus temperate species.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe compiled a large data set from the literature, on the thermal traits and basal metabolic rates of 552 endotherms (255 bird and 297 mammal species) as measured in physiological experiments, along with phylogenetic, geographical and climatic data. Our analyses, which were performed separately for birds and mammals, partitioned the variation in comparative physiological data into the relative contributions of phylogenetic and environmental distance matrices.ResultsOverall, the current environment explained a larger amount of variation in thermal traits among species than the phylogeny. However, we found that phylogeny was much more important than current environment for explaining the variation in physiological traits in the tropics, whereas environment was more important than phylogeny in temperate species.Main conclusionsWhile evidence for phylogenetic conservatism in physiological traits at the global level was weak, results for tropical species suggest phylogenetic conservatism in their physiological traits. These results indicate a stronger tendency in tropical species to retain their ancestral thermal traits, which might in turn imply a lower physiological adaptability of tropical species to ongoing and future climate change.
Assessing adherence to guidelines with administrative data in psychiatric outpatients
Authors: van Fenema Esther , Giltay Erik , van Noorden Martijn , van Hemert Albert , Zitman Frans 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesTo assess (feasibility) of adherence to treatment guidelines among outpatients with common mental disorders in a routine Dutch clinical outpatient setting for common mental disorders using administrative data.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, we analysed routinely collected administrative data of 5346 patients, treated for mood, anxiety or somatoform disorders with pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy or a combination of both. Available administrative data allowed assessment of guideline adherence with a disorder‐independent set of five quality indicators, assessing psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, a combination of both and routine outcome measurements (ROM) during diagnostic and therapeutic phases. Associations between the socio‐demographic variables age, gender, clinical diagnosis and treatment type on the one hand and non‐adherence to guidelines were tested using logistic regression analysis.ResultsPatients were aged 39.5 years (SD 13.0) on average. The majority of patients were treated with a combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy (50.1%), followed by psychotherapy (44.2%) and pharmacotherapy (5.6%). The majority of patients were suffering from a mood disorder (50.0%), followed by anxiety (43.9%) and somatoform disorders (6.1%). A diagnosis of anxiety or somatoform disorder was associated with higher odds of suboptimal duration [odds ratio (OR): 1.55 and 1.82[ and suboptimal frequency of psychotherapeutic treatment (OR of 0.89 and 0.63), and absence of ROM in the diagnostic phase (ORs 1.31 and 1.36, respectively) compared with depressive disorders. No ROM in the diagnostic phase was also predicted for by increasing age (ORs for the age categories of 56 and older of 1.48).ConclusionsIn this proof of principal study, we were able to assess some key indicators assessing adherence to clinical guidelines by using administrative data. Also, we could identify predictors of adherence with simple parameters available in every administrative data. Administrative data could help to monitor and aid guideline adherence in routine care, although quality may vary between settings.
Physicochemical Properties of Pastirma from Horse Meat, Beef, Mutton and Pork
Authors: Ren Wen‐Wen , Bekhit Alaa El‐Din A. , Li Fang , Yang Hai‐Yan , Jiang Xiao‐Feng , Zhang Wen , Kong Ling‐Ming 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe present study investigated the physicochemical properties of pastirma prepared from beef, mutton, pork and horse meat. Left semimembranosus muscles from four carcasses of each species were processed into pastirma and the corresponding right muscles were used fresh for comparison. The proximate composition, pH, lipid oxidation, fatty acid profile and color of fresh and processed samples were determined. The shear force of the processed samples was also evaluated. The proximate composition varied among the meat types and greatly influenced by pastirma processing. Beef and pork pastirma had the highest protein content, while horse and mutton pastime had the highest fat content (P < 0.05). Mutton pastirma had the lowest shear force and the highest Chroma value compared with other meats (P < 0.05). Raw horse meat had the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), but pastirma from all samples had similar PUFA contents.Practical ApplicationsMeat from different species offers the opportunity to generate products with different physicochemical characteristics and nutritional values. Pastirma from various types of meats had different protein and fat contents, texture, color and lipid oxidation levels, suggesting different eating and keeping qualities of the final products. Processing horse meat into pastirma decreased the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acid, suggesting loss of important nutrients and pastirma processing may not be the best processing option for horse meat, unless the sensory evaluation of the products, currently progressing, shows an advantage for horse meat.
Intravenous Preload of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Rescues Erectile Function in a Rat Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury
Authors: Takayanagi Akio , Sasaki Masanori , Kataoka-Sasaki Yuko , Kobayashi Ko , Matsuda Yohei , Oka Shinichi , Masumori Naoya , Kocsis Jeffery D. , Honmou Osamu 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
We evaluated the potential preventive effects and mechanisms of intravenously preloaded mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for erectile dysfunction (ED) in a cavernous nerve (CN) injury model.

Methods
Male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were used for this study. Rats were randomized into two groups. One group was intravenously preloaded with MSCs (1.0 × 106 cells in 1 mL total fluid volume) and the other was infused with medium alone (1 mL Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]) for sham control, respectively. Crushed CN injury was induced immediately after infusion. The surgeon was blind to the experimental conditions (MSC or medium).

Main Outcome Measures
To assess erectile function, we measured the intracavernous pressure (ICP) and arterial pressure (AP) at 1 hour and 2 weeks after CN injury. After measuring the initial ICP/AP of pre-injury (normal) male SD rats, they were randomized into the two groups and infused with MSCs or medium. PKH26-labelled MSCs were used for tracking. To investigate the mRNA expression levels of neurotrophins in the major pelvic ganglia (MPG), we performed real-time quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results
The reduction of ICP/AP and area under the curve of ICP (ICP-AUC) in the MSC group was significantly lower than in the DMEM group (P &lt; 0.05; P &lt; 0.05) at 1 hour. The ICP/AP and ICP-AUC at 2 weeks post-injury in the MSC group was significantly higher than in the DMEM group (P &lt; 0.01; P &lt; 0.05). The preloaded PKH26-labelled MSCs were detected in the MPG and CN using confocal microscopy indicating homing of the cells to the injured nerve and ganglia. Glia cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin, which are important neurotrophic factors for erection, had expression levels in MPG significantly higher in the MSC group than in the DMEM group (P &lt; 0.01, 0.05).

Conclusion
Intravenous preload of MSCs before a CN injury may prevent or reduce experimental ED.
Volatile Composition, Texture and Sensory Description of Gaz (Traditional Persian Confection)
Authors: Hojjati Mohammad , Speziale Marisa , Noguera‐Artiaga Luis , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel Antonio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGaz is a typical Iranian confectionary product prepared from almond and/or pistachio, gaz‐angebin, sugar, glucose syrup, rosewater and egg white. The physicochemical properties of seven gaz samples were studied. Volatile compounds were extracted by solid‐phase microextraction and investigated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Texture and organoleptic characteristics were determined by a texture analyzer and a trained panel, respectively. Twenty‐eight compounds were detected, including ketones, alcohols, furans, linear hydrocarbons, terpenes, aldehydes, aromatics hydrocarbons and pyrroles. Carvone was the predominant volatile compound. The type and amount of nuts determined the intensity of key flavor attributes; however, these two factors only influenced the hardness of samples but no other texture attributes. The sensory texture profile of gaz could be successfully predicted by easy‐to‐conduct instrumental tests, mainly texture profile analysis and cutting test. However, further research is needed in order to clearly prove whether the instrumental evaluation of the volatile compounds could be used to replace sensory analysis.Practical ApplicationsGaz, a traditional name of Persian nougat, has been produced as a commercial product over the past century and presented as a famous Iranian souvenir to the world. It is mainly produced into bite‐size pieces, and texture and flavor are the most important attributes used by consumers to assess gaz quality. In the present study, aroma profile, texture profile analysis and sensory description of gaz samples were clearly influenced by nut type and amount. The results showed that the gaz samples including higher amounts nut presented significantly higher concentrations of key compounds, such as carvone, benzaldehyde and nonanal, and also increased hardness and chewiness. A deeper knowledge of gaz is needed in order to adapt the product to consumers' demands and needs, especially if the product wants to be exported outside Iran. The information generated here will make easier to know how to conduct sensory analysis of the gaz samples and which methods are more appropriate to evaluate its texture and volatile composition.
Adaptation of a polyphagous herbivore to a novel host plant extensively shapes the transcriptome of herbivore and host
Authors: Wybouw Nicky , Zhurov Vladimir , Martel Catherine , Bruinsma Kristie A. , Hendrickx Frederik , Grbić Vojislava , Van Leeuwen Thomas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGeneralist arthropod herbivores rapidly adapt to a broad range of host plants. However, the extent of transcriptional reprogramming in the herbivore and its hosts associated with adaptation remains poorly understood. Using the spider mite Tetranychus urticae and tomato as models with available genomic resources, we investigated the reciprocal genomewide transcriptional changes in both spider mite and tomato as a consequence of mite's adaptation to tomato. We transferred a genetically diverse mite population from bean to tomato where triplicated populations were allowed to propagate for 30 generations. Evolving populations greatly increased their reproductive performance on tomato relative to their progenitors when reared under identical conditions, indicative of genetic adaptation. Analysis of transcriptional changes associated with mite adaptation to tomato revealed two main components. First, adaptation resulted in a set of mite genes that were constitutively downregulated, independently of the host. These genes were mostly of an unknown function. Second, adapted mites mounted an altered transcriptional response that had greater amplitude of changes when re‐exposed to tomato, relative to nonadapted mites. This gene set was enriched in genes encoding detoxifying enzymes and xenobiotic transporters. Besides the direct effects on mite gene expression, adaptation also indirectly affected the tomato transcriptional responses, which were attenuated upon feeding of adapted mites, relative to the induced responses by nonadapted mite feeding. Thus, constitutive downregulation and increased transcriptional plasticity of genes in a herbivore may play a central role in adaptation to host plants, leading to both a higher detoxification potential and reduced production of plant defence compounds.
Group cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: Exploring the role of therapist support and metacognition
Authors: Cella Matteo , Reeder Clare , Wykes Til 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesCognitive remediation (CR) is a therapy targeting cognitive difficulties in psychiatric disorders. We recently develop a novel CR program for people with psychosis with a focus on metacognitive skills individually supported by a therapist. This study aims to assess the acceptability and feasibility of implementing CR in small groups where therapist support is shared amongst service users.DesignControl group design with non‐randomized group allocation.MethodTwenty‐five service users with a diagnosis of schizophrenia participated. Ten received group CR and 15 individual CR (i.e., one therapist for each service user). Both therapy formats were supported by one therapist. Participants were assessed before and after therapy with neuropsychological tests assessing different cognitive domains, self‐assessed cognitive complaints, and psychotic symptoms. Treatment satisfaction questionnaires and therapist's session ratings were also collected for group CR.ResultsDropout rate was 20% for both methods. Session attendance was 74% for group CR and 86% for individual CR. Service users evaluated positively group CR and considered it helpful; therapists rated this delivery format feasible. Exploratory analysis suggested that the two methods have similar effects on cognition. After therapy, service users showed improvements in recall memory, reduced negative symptoms, and reported fewer cognitive complains.ConclusionsIt is feasible and acceptable for people with schizophrenia to take part in small CR therapy groups. The reduced therapist contact compared to individual therapy was well tolerated and may help sustain independent work. The small group format allows therapists to spend sufficient time to support the use of metacognitive strategies.Practitioner points

CR small groups are feasible and acceptable for service users and therapists.

Therapist support can be shared.

Metacognitive‐based CR can improve cognition and may benefit awareness and negative symptoms.
Directed Duties
Authors: May Simon Căbulea 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDirected duties are duties that an agent owes to some party – a party who would be wronged if the duty were violated. A ‘direction problem’ asks what it is about a duty in virtue of which it is directed towards one party, if any, rather than another. I discuss three theories of moral direction: control, demand and interest theories. Although none of these theories can be rejected out of hand, all three face serious difficulties.
Practices and Principles: On the Methodological Turn in Political Theory
Authors: Erman Eva , Möller Niklas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe question of what role social and political practices should play in the justification of normative principles has received renewed attention in post‐millennium political philosophy. Several current debates express dissatisfaction with the methodology adopted in mainstream political theory, taking the form of a criticism of so‐called ‘ideal theory’ from ‘non‐ideal’ theory, of ‘practice‐independent’ theory from ‘practice‐dependent’ theory, and of ‘political moralism’ from ‘political realism’. While the problem of action‐guidance lies at the heart of these concerns, the critics also share a number of methodological assumptions. Above all, their methodology is practice‐dependent in the sense that an existing (social, political, or institutional) practice is assumed to put substantial limitations on the appropriate normative principles for regulating it. In other words, we cannot formulate and justify an appropriate principle without first understanding the practice (or its point and purpose) this principle is supposed to govern. The aim of this paper is to map out and analyze the common denominators of these debates with regard to methodological commitments. We will investigate how this practice‐dependent method may be understood and motivated. In particular, we point to challenges that must be met in order for the position to remain both distinct and attractive.
Periconceptional Folic Acid Supplementation and Infant Risk of Congenital Heart Defects inNorway 1999–2009
Authors: Leirgul Elisabeth , Gildestad Trude , Nilsen Roy Miodini , Fomina Tatiana , Brodwall Kristoffer , Greve Gottfried , Vollset Stein Emil , Holmstrøm Henrik , Tell Grethe S. , Øyen Nina 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe birth prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHDs) has decreased inCanada and Europe. Recommended intake of folic acid in pregnancy is a suggestive risk‐reducing factor forCHDs. We investigated the association between periconceptional intake of folic acid supplements and infant risk ofCHDs.MethodsInformation on maternal intake of folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy in the Medical Birth Registry ofNorway 1999–2009 was updated with information onCHDdiagnoses from national health registers and the Cardiovascular Diseases inNorway Project. The association between folic acid intake and infant risk ofCHDwas estimated as relative risk (RR) with binomial log linear regression.ResultsAmong 517 784 non‐chromosomal singleton births, 6200 children were identified withCHDand 1153 with severeCHD. For all births, 18.4% of the mothers initiated folic acid supplements before pregnancy and 31.6% during pregnancy. The adjustedRRfor severeCHDwas 0.99 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86, 1.13] comparing periconceptional intake of folic acid with no intake. Specifically,RRfor conotruncal defects was 0.99 [95%CI0.80, 1.22], atrioventricular septal defects 1.19 [95%CI0.78, 1.81], left ventricular outflow tract obstructions 1.02 [95%CI0.78, 1.32], and right ventricular outflow tract obstructions 0.97 [95%CI0.72, 1.29]. Birth prevalence of septal defects was higher in the group exposed to folic acid supplements withRR1.19 [95%CI1.10, 1.30].ConclusionsPericonceptional folic acid supplement use showed no association with severe CHDs in the newborn. An unexpected association with an increased risk of septal defects warrants further investigation.