bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Food/Nutrition Concerns after the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011: Survey of Evacuees in a Temporary Shelter
Authors: Inoue Tomoko , Nakao Atsunori , Kuboyama Kazutoshi , Hashimoto Atsunori , Masutani Motomaru , Ueda Takahiro , Kotani Joji 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOn March 11, 2011, a 9.1 magnitude earthquake occurred in the eastern Pacific Ocean off the coast of northern Japan. A resulting tsunami struck the Japan Pacific coast, causing >20,000 deaths, injuries and missing persons.Survivors’ post-tsunami health and nutritional status were surveyed one month after the disaster in a school shelter in Ishinomaki City. Hyogo College of Medicine's disaster relief team observations and survivors’ questionnaires were used to assess the disaster's effects on survivors’ lifestyles and gastrointestinal symptoms while residing in temporary shelters. Of 236 disaster evacuees 9-88 years of age (mean age 52 years), 23% lost weight and 28% reported decreased food intake one month after the earthquake. Up to 25% of the participants presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, including constipation (10%), appetite loss (6.4%), vomiting (6.4%), and nausea (2.1%). Although the victims preferred more vegetables (44%) or fruit (33%), most food aid received, such as rice balls or bread, was carbohydrate-based, possibly because of easy provision and abundance in emergency food pantries. The authors asked the volunteers and the Japan Self-Defense Forces to provide a more balanced diet, including vegetables and fruit. Consumption of imbalanced diets may have caused more gastrointestinal symptoms for the survivors. Because of the victims’ hesitation to request more balanced diets, and because of poorly controlled existing chronic disease and mental stress, professional public health providers should assure emergency food nutrition after disasters.InoueT, NakaoA, KuboyamaK, HashimotoA, MasutaniM, UedaT, KotaniJ. Gastrointestinal symptoms and Food/Nutrition concerns after the great east japan earthquake in March 2011: survey of evacuees in a temporary shelter. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(3):1-4.
THE SQUAB AND THE IDLER: A COSMOPOLITAN – COLONIAL DIALOGUE IN THECALCUTTA STARBETWEEN WILLIAM THACKERAY AND JAMES HUME
Authors: Simons Gary 
Published: June 2014

The first English language newspaperin India began publication in 1780; by 1857, almost two hundred papers and periodicals had appeared – and many had quickly disappeared. An 1839 article in theCalcutta Literary Gazettepartially attributed this high mortality rate to a lack of talented writers and to a desire among colonists for news from England:There is not here as there is in London, a class of professional literati, always ready to prepare a certain supply of matter. . . . [T]he London paying system has been introduced, but the writer whose contributions are worth paying for, are a very small body. . . . To all the drawbacks already mentioned we must mention another of no trifling influence; we allude to the disposition in our countrymen to look homewards for their literature. (Chanda xviii-xxi)Indeed, English newspapers of the time featured the contributions of literati such as Charles Dickens, Benjamin Disraeli, George Eliot, Leigh Hunt, Douglas Jerrold, Henry Mayhew, and William Makepeace Thackeray, but of these figures only Thackeray wrote purposely for an Indian periodical.
Effects of international climate policy for India: evidence from a national and global CGE model
Authors: Weitzel Matthias , Ghosh Joydeep , Peterson Sonja , Pradhan Basanta K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn order to significantly reduce global carbon emissions, it is necessary also to control CO2 emissions in fast growing emerging economies such as India. The question is how the Indian economy would be affected by including the country in an international climate regime. In this analysis we soft-link a global and a single-country computable general equilibrium model in order to be able to capture distributional issues as well as international repercussions. We analyze different options of transferring revenues from domestic carbon taxes and international transfers to different household types and the effects of different assumptions on exchange rates on transfer payments. Our results show (i) that welfare effects can differ significantly for different household types, which is generally ignored in analyses with global models, and (ii) that these effects are significantly influenced by international price repercussions and by accounting for transfers from international permit sales which is generally ignored in single-country models.
Dietary patterns and whole grain cereals in the Scandinavian countries – differences and similarities. The HELGA project
Authors: Engeset Dagrun , Hofoss Dag , Nilsson Lena M , Olsen Anja , Tjønneland Anne , Skeie Guri 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo identify dietary patterns with whole grains as a main focus to see if there is a similar whole grain pattern in the three Scandinavian countries; Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Another objective is to see if items suggested for a Nordic Food Index will form a typical Nordic pattern when using factor analysis.SettingThe HELGA study population is based on samples of existing cohorts: the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study, the Swedish Västerbotten cohort and the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health study. The HELGA study aims to generate knowledge about the health effects of whole grain foods.SubjectsThe study included a total of 119 913 participants.DesignThe associations among food variables from FFQ were investigated by principal component analysis. Only food groups common for all three cohorts were included. High factor loading of a food item shows high correlation of the item to the specific diet pattern.ResultsThe main whole grain for Denmark and Sweden was rye, while Norway had highest consumption of wheat. Three similar patterns were found: a cereal pattern, a meat pattern and a bread pattern. However, even if the patterns look similar, the food items belonging to the patterns differ between countries.ConclusionsHigh loadings on breakfast cereals and whole grain oat were common in the cereal patterns for all three countries. Thus, the cereal pattern may be considered a common Scandinavian whole grain pattern. Food items belonging to a Nordic Food Index were distributed between different patterns.
Timed soft concurrent constraint programs: An interleaved and a parallel approach
Authors: BISTARELLI STEFANO , GABBRIELLI MAURIZIO , MEO MARIA CHIARA , SANTINI FRANCESCO 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe propose a timed and soft extension of Concurrent Constraint Programming. The time extension is based on the hypothesis ofbounded asynchrony: The computation takes a bounded period of time and is measured by a discrete global clock. Action prefixing is then considered as the syntactic marker that distinguishes a time instant from the next one. Supported by soft constraints instead of crisp ones,tellandaskagents are now equipped with a preference (or consistency) threshold, which is used to determine their success or suspension. In this paper, we provide a language to describe the agents' behavior, together with its operational and denotational semantics, for which we also prove the compositionality and correctness properties. After presenting a semantics using maximal parallelism of actions, we also describe a version for their interleaving on a single processor (with maximal parallelism for time elapsing). Coordinating agents that need to take decisions on both preference values and time events may benefit from this language.
Distinct signatures of host–microbial meta-metabolome and gut microbiome in two C57BL/6 strains under high-fat diet
Authors: Walker Alesia , Pfitzner Barbara , Neschen Susanne , Kahle Melanie , Harir Mourad , Lucio Marianna , Moritz Franco , Tziotis Dimitrios , Witting Michael , Rothballer Michael , Engel Marion , Schmid Michael , Endesfelder David , Klingenspor Martin , Rattei Thomas , zu Castell Wolfgang , de Angelis Martin Hrabé , Hartmann Anton , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A combinatory approach using metabolomics and gut microbiome analysis techniques was performed to unravel the nature and specificity of metabolic profiles related to gut ecology in obesity. This study focused on gut and liver metabolomics of two different mouse strains, the C57BL/6J (C57J) and the C57BL/6N (C57N) fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 3 weeks, causing diet-induced obesity in C57N, but not in C57J mice. Furthermore, a 16S-ribosomal RNA comparative sequence analysis using 454 pyrosequencing detected significant differences between the microbiome of the two strains on phylum level for Firmicutes, Deferribacteres and Proteobacteria that propose an essential role of the microbiome in obesity susceptibility. Gut microbial and liver metabolomics were followed by a combinatory approach using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) and ultra performance liquid chromatography time of tlight MS/MS with subsequent multivariate statistical analysis, revealing distinctive host and microbial metabolome patterns between the C57J and the C57N strain. Many taurine-conjugated bile acids (TBAs) were significantly elevated in the cecum and decreased in liver samples from the C57J phenotype likely displaying different energy utilization behavior by the bacterial community and the host. Furthermore, several metabolite groups could specifically be associated with the C57N phenotype involving fatty acids, eicosanoids and urobilinoids. The mass differences based metabolite network approach enabled to extend the range of known metabolites to important bile acids (BAs) and novel taurine conjugates specific for both strains. In summary, our study showed clear alterations of the metabolome in the gastrointestinal tract and liver within a HFD-induced obesity mouse model in relation to the host–microbial nutritional adaptation.
Mapping polarization induced surface band bending on the Rashba semiconductor BiTeI
Authors: Butler Christopher John , Yang Hung-Hsiang , Hong Jhen-Yong , Hsu Shih-Hao , Sankar Raman , Lu Chun-I , Lu Hsin-Yu , Yang Kui-Hon Ou , Shiu Hung-Wei , Chen Chia-Hao , Kaun Chao-Cheng , Shu Guo-Jiun , Chou Fang-Cheng , Lin Minn-Tsong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSurfaces of semiconductors with strong spin-orbit coupling are of great interest for use in spintronic devices exploiting the Rashba effect. BiTeI features large Rashba-type spin splitting in both valence and conduction bands. Either can be shifted towards the Fermi level by surface band bending induced by the two possible polar terminations, making Rashba spin-split electron or hole bands electronically accessible. Here we demonstrate the first real-space microscopic identification of each termination with a multi-technique experimental approach. Using spatially resolved tunnelling spectroscopy across the lateral boundary between the two terminations, a previously speculated on p-n junction-like discontinuity in electronic structure at the lateral boundary is confirmed experimentally. These findings realize an important step towards the exploitation of the unique behaviour of the Rashba semiconductor BiTeI for new device concepts in spintronics.
Investigating the association between obesity and asthma in 6- to 8-year-old Saudi children: a matched case–control study
Authors: Nahhas Mahmoud , Bhopal Raj , Anandan Chantelle , Elton Rob , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Background:
Previous studies have demonstrated an association between obesity and asthma, but there remains considerable uncertainty about whether this reflects an underlying causal relationship.

Aims:
To investigate the association between obesity and asthma in pre-pubertal children and to investigate the roles of airway obstruction and atopy as possible causal mechanisms.

Methods:
We conducted an age- and sex-matched case–control study of 1,264 6- to 8-year-old schoolchildren with and without asthma recruited from 37 randomly selected schools in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. The body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and skin fold thickness of the 632 children with asthma were compared with those of the 632 control children without asthma. Associations between obesity and asthma, adjusted for other potential risk factors, were assessed separately in boys and girls using conditional logistic regression analysis. The possible mediating roles of atopy and airway obstruction were studied by investigating the impact of incorporating data on sensitisation to common aeroallergens and measurements of lung function.

Results:
BMI was associated with asthma in boys (odds ratio (OR)=1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–1.20; adjusted OR=1.11, 95% CI, 1.03–1.19) and girls (OR=1.37, 95% CI, 1.26–1.50; adjusted OR=1.38, 95% CI, 1.23–1.56). Adjusting for forced expiratory volume in 1 s had a negligible impact on these associations, but these were attenuated following adjustment for allergic sensitisation, particularly in girls (girls: OR=1.25; 95% CI, 0.96–1.60; boys: OR=1.09, 95% CI, 0.99–1.19).

Conclusions:
BMI is associated with asthma in pre-pubertal Saudi boys and girls; this effect does not appear to be mediated through respiratory obstruction, but in girls this may at least partially be mediated through increased risk of allergic sensitisation.
Surface recombination and charged exciton in nanocrystal quantum dots on photonic crystals under two-photon excitation
Authors: Xu Xingsheng 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this study, the two-photon excited fluorescence spectra from cadmium selenide quantum dots (QDs) on a silicon nitride photonic crystal (PhC) membrane under femtosecond laser irradiation were investigated. These spectra can be fit to a tri-Gaussian function in which one component is negative in amplitude and in which the Gaussian components with positive amplitude are assigned to exciton emission and charged-exciton emission and that with negative amplitude is assigned to absorption from surface recombination. The photonic crystal enhance the charged-exciton emission and exciton emission and, at the same time, also the absorption from surface recombination. Both the charged-exciton emission and the surface recombination are related to Auger recombination; therefore, the photonic crystal controls both radiative recombination and non-radiative recombination. The asymmetries of the two-photon excited fluorescence spectra are due to not only the location of the resonant guide mode of the PhC slab but also the enhancement of the absorption from surface recombination by PhC.
The Carbon Cycle and Hurricanes in the United States between 1900 and 2011
Authors: Dahal Devendra , Liu Shuguang , Oeding Jennifer 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHurricanes cause severe impacts on forest ecosystems in the United States. These events can substantially alter the carbon biogeochemical cycle at local to regional scales. We selected all tropical storms and more severe events that made U.S. landfall between 1900 and 2011 and used hurricane best track database, a meteorological model (HURRECON), National Land Cover Database (NLCD), U. S. Department of Agirculture Forest Service biomass dataset and pre- and post-MODIS data to quantify individual event and annual biomass mortality. Our estimates show an average of 18.2 TgC/yr of live biomass mortality for 1900–2011 in the US with strong spatial and inter-annual variability. Results show Hurricane Camille in 1969 caused the highest aboveground biomass mortality with 59.5 TgC. Similarly 1954 had the highest annual mortality with 68.4 TgC attributed to landfalling hurricanes. The results presented are deemed useful to further investigate historical events and the methods outlined are potentially beneficial to quantify biomass loss in future events.
X-ray phase-contrast imaging at 100 keV on a conventional source
Authors: Thüring T. , Abis M. , Wang Z. , David C. , Stampanoni M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractX-ray grating interferometry is a promising imaging technique sensitive to attenuation, refraction and scattering of the radiation. Applications of this technique in the energy range between 80 and 150 keV pose severe technical challenges and are still mostly unexplored. Phase-contrast X-ray imaging at such high energies is of relevant scientific and industrial interest, in particular for the investigation of strongly absorbing or thick materials as well as for medical imaging. Here we show the successful implementation of a Talbot-Lau interferometer operated at 100 keV using a conventional X-ray tube and a compact geometry, with a total length of 54 cm. We present the edge-on illumination of the gratings in order to overcome the current fabrication limits. Finally, the curved structures match the beam divergence and allow a large field of view on a short and efficient setup.
Intricate effects of primary motor neuronopathy on contractile proteins and metabolic muscle enzymes as revealed by label-free mass spectrometry
Authors: Holland Ashling , Schmitt-John Thomas , Dowling Paul , Meleady Paula , Henry Michael , Clynes Martin , Ohlendieck Kay 
Published: June 2014

While the long-term physiological adaptation of the neuromuscular system to changed functional demands is usually reflected by unilateral skeletal muscle transitions, the progressive degeneration of distinct motor neuron populations is often associated with more complex changes in the abundance and/or isoform expression pattern of contractile proteins and metabolic enzymes. In order to evaluate these intricate effects of primary motor neuronopathy on the skeletal muscle proteome, label-free MS was employed to study global alterations in the WR (wobbler) mouse model of progressive neurodegeneration. In motor neuron disease, fibre-type specification and the metabolic weighting of bioenergetic pathways appear to be strongly influenced by both a differing degree of a subtype-specific vulnerability of neuromuscular synapses and compensatory mechanisms of fibre-type shifting. Proteomic profiling confirmed this pathobiochemical complexity of disease-induced changes and showed distinct alterations in 72 protein species, including a variety of fibre-type-specific isoforms of contractile proteins, metabolic enzymes, metabolite transporters and ion-regulatory proteins, as well as changes in molecular chaperones and various structural proteins. Increases in slow myosin light chains and the troponin complex and a decrease in fast MBP (myosin-binding protein) probably reflect the initial preferential loss of the fast type of neuromuscular synapses in motor neuron disease.
Development of dual‐channel surface plasmon resonance imaging system applied to living tumour cell analyses
Authors: Zhang Lulu , Chen Xing , Wei Haitao , Li Hui , Sun Jianhai , Chen Jilong , Cui Dafu 
Published: June 2014

Presented is homemade dual‐channel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging (SPRI) system enabling living cell analysis in various stimuli based on refractive index (RI) variations. The system was constructed with a laser source of 650 nm, a P‐polariser, a glass prism, an objective lens, a CCD camera, a dual‐channel gold sensor chip, a dual‐channel PDMS flow cell and a mechanical scanning device. Living human type II alveolar epithelial cell line A549 cells were cultured on the surface of a gold sensor chip. Different solutions were loaded into two independently parallel flow channels to make comparison of the cells’ reaction results. Cells' responses in both the testing and the reference channels with and without K+ stimuli were collected. Furthermore, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) was loaded to stimulate cells in the testing channel while a mixture of EGF and Iressa (ZD1839) were loaded in the reference channel. The SPR response signal was different from the two channels, which indicated that Iressa as an EGFR inhibitor effectively inhibited the signal transduction of the EGF and EGFR bonding process of A549 cells. The use of the dual‐channel SPRI system to study the behaviour of living cells to stimuli is of great help in understanding the life activities of living cells.
Temperature dependence of localised surface plasmon resonance effect on photoisomerisation of azobenzene units in Ag/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐block‐poly{6‐[4‐(4‐methylphenyl‐azo)phenoxy] hexylacrylate} composite particles
Authors: Zhang Yujuan , Wu Wenxuan , Shen Guangyong , Gao Jiangang , Zhang Qijin 
Published: June 2014

A series of Ag/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐block‐poly{6‐[4‐(4‐methylphenyl‐azo)phenoxy] hexylacrylate} (PNIPAM‐b‐PAzoM) composite particles (CPAs) with varying concentrations of Ag nanoparticles are prepared by self‐assembly of PNIPAM‐b‐PAzoM in a mixture of H2O and THF at first, and then by chemical reduction of AgNO3 in the suspension of the self‐assembled particles. The distance between Ag nanoparticles and azobenzene units is determined by the concentration of Ag nanoparticles and temperature because hydrophilic poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) chains are thermosensitive and adsorbed with Ag nanoparticles. Both trans‐ to‐cis and cis‐ to‐trans photoisomerisations of the CPAs are investigated at different temperatures and concentrations of Ag nanoparticles. Experimental results reveal that, at room temperature, both rates of the trans‐ to‐cis and the cis‐ to‐trans photoisomerisations are decreased by the localised surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles with experimental concentrations lower than 0.04 mmol/l. With the temperature increasing and gradually closing to the low critical solution temperature of PNIPAM chains the rate of the trans‐ to‐cis photoisomerisation can be found to be enhanced gradually within the same concentration range of Ag nanoparticles. However, the rate of the cis‐ to‐trans photoisomerisation is little affected. Detailed analysis shows that this effect is related to the overlap of azobenzene absorption and Ag nanoparticle absorption.