bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High aspect ratio free standing ZnO-magnetostrictive mesoscale cylindrical magnetoelectric core shell composite
Authors: Kaps S. , Mishra Y. K. , Hrkac V. , Greve H. , Kienle L. , Quandt E. , Adelung R. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTOptimizing magnetic field sensors made by piezoelectric-magnetostrictive composites is a trade off between several parameters. Whereas large structures will cause in principle high electrical currents the mechanical coupling will lead to shear losses and therefore limit the sensitivity of the sensor and make it impossible to measure small magnetic fields. In very small structures the shear losses will decrease but the imperfections in the interfaces become more important and the typically small currents will be disturbed by, e.g., surface conductivity of the piezoelectric material and are thus difficult to measure. The best compromise is a mesoscale sensor which has relatively small losses due to shearing but still high enough electrical currents to work as a good sensor. We will present a setup which allows the use free standing ZnO micro rods as piezoelectric core material which are surrounded by a magnetostrictive layer. Since no clamping is necessary the expansion and contraction of the material is not hindered by a matrix material. The tuning of the relative layer thicknesses can be easily optimized by changing the thickness of the magnetostrictive layer so that an optimum can be achieved for different ZnO micro rods. For the growth of the ZnO a newly developed process will be presented which allows the growth of a large variety of single crystals with different aspect ratios up to needles with several millimeters in length.
Temperature Dependent Thermopower and Resistance Measurements of CNT-MgB2 Composites
Authors: Adu Kofi W. , Jayasingha Ruwantha , Ma Danhao , Sumanasekera Gamini U. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe temperature dependent resistance R(T) and thermopower S(T) of sintered single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and magnesium diboride (MgB2) composites containing 5wt%, 10wt%, and 15wt% of SWCNTs have been measured and compared to their pure counterparts. The thermopower of both MgB2 (in the normal state) and SWCNT remain positive over the entire temperature range (10K to 300K) with room temperature values being ∼ 8μV/K and 57μV/K, respectively. The thermopower of the sintered composites decreased with decreasing temperature and switched from positive to negative near 70K. The superconducting critical temperature (Tc) of the samples ranges from 38K-41K. The room-temperature resistance ratio (RRR) is seen to depend on the sample composition. The temperature width (ΔT) is observed to increase with increasing SWCNT concentration. The normal state resistance data were fitted with the generalized Block-Grüneisen function obtaining Debye temperature of ∼ 900K.
Pathway of Porous Silicon Formation Inside Si Nanowires Throughout Metal Assisted Etching
Authors: Tonkikh Alexander A. , Geyer Nadine , Fuhrmann Bodo , Leipner Hartmut S. , Werner Peter 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe selective formation of porous silicon in nanowires is observed in Si/Ge epitaxial layers along Ge layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a Si(100) substrate after metal-assisted chemical etching in aqueous HF-H2O2 solution. We assume that Ge layers serve as channels for a hole current out of the semiconductor to sustain the dissolution reaction. The tunnelling of holes through the potential barrier at the semiconductor surface is assumed to be the dominating mechanism of the hole transfer to the electrolyte.
Reversible Degradation of Photoluminescence in Si/SiGe Three Dimensional Nanostructures
Authors: Modi Nikhil , Tsybeskov Leonid , Lockwood David J. , Wu Xiao Z. , Baribeau Jean Marc 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTWe report the degradation of low temperature photoluminescence (PL) from Si/SiGe three-dimensional cluster morphology nanostructures under continuous photoexcitation. The PL intensity initially decreases slowly for about 15 minutes, and then decreases rapidly, until only ∼ 10% of the original PL intensity remains. A complete recovery of the PL requires restoring the sample temperature to ∼ 300K. We propose that a slow accumulation of charge in SiGe clusters enhances the rate of Auger recombination and results in the observed PL degradation.
Large-area patterned magnetic nanostructures by self-assembling of polystyrene nanospheres
Authors: Tiberto Paola , Boarino Luca , Celegato Federica , Barrera Gabriele , Coisson Marco , De Leo Natascia , Vinai Franco 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIn this work, dot and anti-dot structures in Co, Ni, Ni80Fe20, Fe50Pd50, Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 and Fe78B13Si9 thin films have been produced by means of nanosphere lithography. Two multi-step processes have been followed and will be here described. The first one directly exploits polystyrene nanosheres (PN) as a mask to fabricate arrays of magnetic nanoholes and dots. In the second case, the nanospheres are used to design a polymeric mask of a photoresist subsequently used to pattern a magnetic nanostructure on a film. Advantages and disadvantages of the two lithographical techniques will be here highlighted. In both processes, the dimension and mutual distance of the patterns are dependent on the starting PN diameter (in the interval 500-800 nm). Samples microstructure has been studied by means of SEM and AFM microscopy. Room-temperature hysteresis loops have been measured by an AGFM (Alternating Gradient Field Magnetometer). MFM microscopy has been exploited to study the magnetic domain pattern. All produced systems have been observed to display tunable microstructure and, consequently, various magnetic properties for application.
Microemulsion Synthesis of Iron Core/Iron Oxide Shell Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Kekalo Katsiaryna , Koo Katherine , Zeitchick Evan , Baker Ian 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIron magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized under an inert atmosphere via the reaction between FeCl3 and NaBH4 in droplets of water in a microemulsion consisting of octane with cetyl trimethylammonium bromide and butanol as surfactants. A thin Fe3O4 layer was produced on the iron nanoparticles using slow, controlled oxidation at room temperature. A silica shell was deposited on the Fe3O4 using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane following the method of Zhang et al. [Mater. Sci. Eng. C 30 (2010) 92–97]. The structure and chemistry of the resulting nanoparticles were studied using variety of methods and their magnetic properties were determined. The diameter of the iron core was typically 8-16 nm, while the thickness of the Fe3O4 shell was 2-3 nm. The presence of the silica layer was confirmed using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and the number of NH2-groups on each nanoparticle was determined based on colorimetric tests using ortho-phthalaldehyde.
Short-term Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Responses of Human Monocytes to Stainless Steel Fibre Networks
Authors: Spear Rose L. , Brooks Roger A. , Markaki Athina E. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of the current work was to examine the human monocyte response to 444 ferritic stainless steel fibre networks. 316L austenitic fibre networks, of the same fibre volume fraction, were used as control surfaces. Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopies suggest that the cells exhibited a good degree of attachment and penetration throughout both networks. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and TNF-α releases were used as indicators of cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses respectively. LDH release indicated similar levels of monocyte viability when in contact with the 444 and 316L fibre networks. Both networks elicited a low level secretion of TNF-α, which was significantly lower than that of the positive control wells containing zymosan. Collectively, the results suggest that 444 ferritic and 316L austenitic networks induced similar cytotoxic and inflammatory responses from human monocytes.
Temperature Response of Magnetostrictive/Piezoelectric Polymer Magnetoelectric Laminates
Authors: Gutiérrez Jon , Lasheras Andoni , Barandiarán Jose Manuel , Vilas Jose Luis , San Sebastián María , León Luis Manuel 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe temperature effect on the magnetoelectric response of hybrid magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminated composites in the range from room temperature up to 85 ºC is presented. The samples analyzed consisted of alternating, stacked, layers of a magnetostrictive amorphous metal, and a piezoelectric polymer, bonded to each other with an epoxy. The maximum magnetoelectric effect was observed when the composites were driven at their electromechanical resonance. First, we present results on the fabricability of the laminated composite sensor consisting on Vitrovac 4040® (Fe39Ni39Mo4Si6B12) as the magnetostrictive amorphous component and two different piezoelectric polymers: poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and 2,6(β-CN)APB/ODPA (poli 2,6) polyimide, a new type of high temperature piezoelectric polymer. At room temperature induced magnetoelectric voltages of 79.6 and 0.35 V/cm.Oe were measured when using PVDF and poli 2,6 polyimide respectively as the piezoelectric components. When heating, we have observed that the magnetoelectric response of the PVDF-containing device quickly decayed to about 5 V/cm.Oe, while for the poli 2,6- containing one it remained almost constat. We discuss the advantage of using this new piezoelectric polymer due to its good performance at high temperatures, making these magnetoelectric laminate composites suitable for high temperature applications.
Improved Cardiomyocyte Functions of Carbon Nanofiber Cardiac Patches
Authors: Stout David A. , Raimondo Emilia , Webster Thomas J. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe objective of the present in vitro research was to determine cardiomyocyte functions on poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (50:50 (PLA:PGA); PLGA) with greater amounts of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) using an in vitro electrical stimulation system for myocardial tissue engineering applications. The addition of CNFs can increase the conductivity and strength of pure PLGA. For this reason, different PLGA: CNF ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100 wt%) were created where conductivity and cytocompatibility properties under electrical stimulation with human cardiomyocytes were determined. Results showed that PLGA:CNF materials were conductive and that conductivity increased with greater amounts of PLGA added, from 0 S.m-1 for 100:0 wt% (pure PLGA) to 6.5x10-3 S.m-1 for 0:100 wt% (pure CNFs) materials. Furthermore, results indicated that cardiomyocyte cell density increased with continuous electrical stimulation (rectangular, 2 nm, 5 V/cm, 1 Hz) after 1, 3, and 5 days as well as a slight increase in Troponin I excretion compared to non-electrically stimulated normal cardiomyocyte cell functions. This study, thus, provides an alternative conductive scaffold using nanotechnology which should be further explored for numerous cardiovascular applications.
Nickel Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Composite Electrode for Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Kalra Nitin , Santhanam Kalathur , Olney David 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe electrochemical decomposition of water is an attractive method, however, the performance of the electrodes and efficiencies are of great concern in its large scale production. In this context, we wish to report here the superior performance of Ni-multiwalled carbon nanotube composite as cathode in the decomposition of water. The current voltage curves recorded with this electrode in different media showed a significant electrocatalysis in the reduction of hydrogen ion; the background electrolysis is shifted in the anodic direction. The nanocomposite composition has been found to be crucial in the efficient production of hydrogen. A coulombic efficiency of about 68% has been obtained at this electrode with a hydrogen production rate of 130L/m2 d. This electrode is more efficient than the 316L stainless steel (composition in percentage: C 0.019, Cr 17.3, Mo 2.04, Ni 11.3, Mn 1.04, N 0.041, Fe bulk) cathode that produces 10 ml/h at an area of 20 cm2 (5L/m2.h) (2). The results obtained with different electrolytes, performance variation with electrode composition, and current densities will be presented. The trials carried out using solar panel instead of DC power source showed similar hydrogen production rates and efficiencies.
Parting Messages From Current and Former Editors of the Journal of Andrology
Authors: Bartke Andrzej , Orgebin‐Crist Marie‐Claire , Desjardins Claude , Lewis Ron , Tindall Don , Hamilton David W. , Pryor Jon L. , Schlegel Peter N. , Hardy Matthew P. , Burnett Arthur L. (Bud) , Darney Sally P. , Sandlow Jay 
Published: November 2012

Abstract: The proposal to produce this final commemorative issue for the Journal of Andrology arose during our regular discussions as current editors soon after it was announced that the Journal would complete its own life course and merge into a new publication (to be named Andrology) with the International Journal of Andrology. We considered the momentous occasion to be one that should be celebrated with an enduring tribute in recognition of the Journal's exceptional 33‐year existence. Among the various contributions sought for inclusion in this issue, we envisioned an article assembling collected short essays from all living former editors drawing on notable events and highlights, if not less well‐known challenges and successes arising during their editorship eras. We thought that any such production of musings, viewpoints, and most of all words of wisdom from those who have had major roles in the direction and accomplishments of the Journal would offer an illuminating read for the society's members and friends and provide all readers another venue to share in and enjoy the Journal's great history.We are enthralled to have gathered these collections, all personal compositions of the former editors‐in‐chief, and for their effort that has helped us complete this special endeavor we express to them our tremendous gratitude. Serving as the Journal's last editors, we are also grateful to contribute our essay at the very end as part of this joyous chronicle.
Automated Detection and Classification of Type 1 Versus Type 2 Diabetes Using Electronic Health Record Data
Authors: Klompas Michael , Eggleston Emma , McVetta Jason , Lazarus Ross , Li Lingling , Platt Richard 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
To create surveillance algorithms to detect diabetes and classify type 1 versus type 2 diabetes using structured electronic health record (EHR) data.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We extracted 4 years of data from the EHR of a large, multisite, multispecialty ambulatory practice serving ∼700,000 patients. We flagged possible cases of diabetes using laboratory test results, diagnosis codes, and prescriptions. We assessed the sensitivity and positive predictive value of novel combinations of these data to classify type 1 versus type 2 diabetes among 210 individuals. We applied an optimized algorithm to a live, prospective, EHR-based surveillance system and reviewed 100 additional cases for validation.

RESULTS
The diabetes algorithm flagged 43,177 patients. All criteria contributed unique cases: 78% had diabetes diagnosis codes, 66% fulfilled laboratory criteria, and 46% had suggestive prescriptions. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of ICD-9 codes for type 1 diabetes were 26% (95% CI 12–49) and 94% (83–100) for type 1 codes alone; 90% (81–95) and 57% (33–86) for two or more type 1 codes plus any number of type 2 codes. An optimized algorithm incorporating the ratio of type 1 versus type 2 codes, plasma C-peptide and autoantibody levels, and suggestive prescriptions flagged 66 of 66 (100% [96–100]) patients with type 1 diabetes. On validation, the optimized algorithm correctly classified 35 of 36 patients with type 1 diabetes (raw sensitivity, 97% [87–100], population-weighted sensitivity, 65% [36–100], and positive predictive value, 88% [78–98]).

CONCLUSIONS
Algorithms applied to EHR data detect more cases of diabetes than claims codes and reasonably discriminate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
The Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Emotional Distress, Quality of Life, and HbA1c in Outpatients With Diabetes (DiaMind)
Authors: van Son Jenny , Nyklíček Ivan , Pop Victor J. , Blonk Marion C. , Erdtsieck Ronald J. , Spooren Pieter F. , Toorians Arno W. , Pouwer François 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
Emotional distress is common in outpatients with diabetes, affecting ∼20–40% of the patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group therapy with Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), relative to usual care, for patients with diabetes with regard to reducing emotional distress and improving health-related quality of life and glycemic control.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In the present randomized controlled trial, 139 outpatients with diabetes (type 1 or type 2) and low levels of emotional well-being were randomized to MBCT (n = 70) or a waiting list group (n = 69). Primary outcomes were perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), anxiety and depressive symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), mood (Profiles of Mood States), and diabetes-specific distress (Problem Areas In Diabetes). Secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life (12-Item Short-Form Health Survey), and glycemic control (HbA1c). Assessments were conducted at baseline and at 4 and 8 weeks of follow-up.

RESULTS
Compared with control, MBCT was more effective in reducing stress (P &lt; 0.001, Cohen d = 0.70), depressive symptoms (P = 0.006, d = 0.59), and anxiety (P = 0.019, d = 0.44). In addition, MBCT was more effective in improving quality of life (mental: P = 0.003, d = 0.55; physical: P = 0.032, d = 0.40). We found no significant effect on HbA1c or diabetes-specific distress, although patients with elevated diabetes distress in the MBCT group tended to show a decrease in diabetes distress (P = 0.07, d = 0.70) compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONS
Compared with usual care, MBCT resulted in a reduction of emotional distress and an increase in health-related quality of life in diabetic patients who had lower levels of emotional well-being.
Thermodynamic protonation constants of vardenafil by the nonlinear regression of multiwavelength pH-spectrophotometric titration data
Authors: Meloun Milan , Ferenčíková Zuzana , Niesnerová Irena , Pekárek Tomáš 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
pH-spectrophotometric titration data were used to determine protonation constants of vardenafil at different ionic strengths I and temperatures of 25°C and 37°C. The use of two different multiwavelength and the multivariate treatment of spectral data, SPECFIT32 and SQUAD(84) nonlinear regression analyses and INDICES factor analysis is presented. The reliability of the protonation constants of the drug was proven with goodness-of-fit tests of the pH-spectra. The thermodynamic protonation constants log K Ti were estimated by a nonlinear regression of (log K, I) data using the Debye-Hückel equation, yielding log K 4T = 3.59(1) and 3.26(1), log K 3T = 5.64(1) and 5.81(1), log K 2T = 9.41(1) and 8.59(2), log K 1T = 10.92(2) and 10.05(1) at 25°C and 37°C, where the figure in brackets is the standard deviation in last significant digit. Concurrently, the experimental determination of four thermodynamic protonation constants was combined with the computational prediction of the MARVIN program based on knowledge of the chemical structures of the drug and was in good agreement with its experimental value. The factor analysis of spectra in the INDICES program predicts the correct number of light-absorbing components when the instrument error is known and when the signal-to-error ratio SER is higher than 10.
Comparison of solid-phase extraction sorbents for the fractionation and determination of important free and glycosidically-bound varietal aroma compounds in wines by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Metafa Maria , Economou Anastasios 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
A critical comparison was made of seven solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents for the fractionation and isolation of 21 important free and glycosidically-bound varietal volatile aroma compounds. The sample was subjected to SPE and the free aromatics were eluted with dichloromethane followed by elution of the glucoconjugates with methanol; after fractionation, the free fraction was analyzed directly by GC-MS while the sugar-bound fraction was enzymatically hydrolyzed to liberate the free compounds before analysis by GC-MS. The extraction efficiency for the free compounds was evaluated based on the analytes’ signal recovery and for the glycosidically-bound compounds in terms of the relative peak areas. The best results for both the free and bound fractions were obtained with the Isolute ENV+ resin. Following selection of the most efficient SPE material, a GC-MS method was validated (in terms of selectivity, linearity, limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs), recovery, repeatability, within-laboratory reproducibility and uncertainty) for the quantitative determination of the free primary volatiles in white wines. Validation results are presented at 4 fortification levels (10, 50, 200 and 500 µL−1). Regarding linearity, the correlation coefficient of the matrix-matched calibration plots was ≥0.99 for all the compounds. The LOQs were in the range 0.6–17.5 µg L−1. Recoveries ranged from 61% to 120% while the% relative standard deviation of the within-laboratory reproducibility was in the range 1.3% to 17.7%. Finally, the% expanded uncertainty ranged from 3.1% to 40.3%. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of 20 white wine samples.
Strategy of Cr detoxification by Callitriche cophocarpa
Authors: Augustynowicz Joanna , Kołton Anna , Baran Agnieszka , Kostecka-Gugała Anna , Lasek Wojciech 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The present work focused on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Cr detoxification strategy of aquatic cosmopolitan plant Callitriche cophocarpa. This plant species has just been described in the context of its unusual accumulation potential of Cr. The emphasis of the work was placed on the redox reaction Cr(VI)→Cr(III) which is considered to be remediation mechanism of highly reactive and mobile Cr(VI) ions. Plants were immersed for 5 days in 1 mM of Cr(VI) (potassium dichromate) or 1 mM of Cr(III) (chromium sulphate) solutions in semi-natural conditions. Cr was effectively removed from the solution up to the extent of ca.58% or 35% of the starting amount, in the case of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), respectively. No plant-induced Cr(VI) reduction accompanying Cr accumulation was observed in Cr(VI) solutions except from the apparent one, noticed at the fourth day of incubation. On the contrary to these results, according to the method of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (L-band EPR), biphasic signal of Cr(V) attending Cr(VI) to Cr(III) reduction was detected inside the plant tissue every day of investigations. Our results show that phytoextraction but not phytostabilization is the main strategy of Cr detoxification by C. cophocarpa in aquatic systems.