bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo evidence of hippocampal dentate gyrus expansion in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rocca Maria A. , Longoni Giulia , Pagani Elisabetta , Boffa Giacomo , Colombo Bruno , Rodegher Mariaemma , Martino Gianvito , Falini Andrea , Comi Giancarlo , Filippi Massimo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUsing MR‐based radial mapping, we assessed morphological alterations of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in patients with relapse‐onset multiple sclerosis (MS). We analyzed different stages of the disease and the association of DG alterations with hippocampal‐related cognitive functions. Using high‐resolution morphological imaging, hippocampal radial mapping analysis was performed in 28 relapsing‐remitting (RR), 34 secondary progressive, and 26 benign MS patients and 28 healthy controls (HC). Between‐groups differences of DG radial distance (from surface points to the central core of the hippocampus) and correlations with clinical, neuropsychological, and radiological measures were evaluated using surface‐based mesh modeling. Compared with HC, all MS clinical phenotypes revealed a larger radial distance of the DG, which was more marked on the left side. Radial distance enlargement was more pronounced in RRMS patients compared with the other disease clinical phenotypes and was inversely correlated to disease duration. Radial distance enlargement was correlated with higher T2 lesion volume and a better cognitive performance in RRMS and with a poor cognitive performance in secondary progressive and benign MS patients. Surface expansion of the DG might represent an inflammation‐induced neurogenic (reactive) process of the subgranular zone of the hippocampus primarily aimed at rescuing the functional competence of hippocampal circuitry. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4702–4713, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Observations on hippocampal mossy cells in mink (Neovison vison) with special reference to dendrites ascending to the granular and molecular layers
Authors: Blackstad Jan Sigurd , Osen Kirsten K. , Scharfman Helen E. , Storm‐Mathisen Jon , Blackstad Theodor W. , Leergaard Trygve B. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTDetailed knowledge about the neural circuitry connecting the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex is necessary to understand how this system contributes to spatial navigation and episodic memory. The two principal cell types of the dentate gyrus, mossy cells and granule cells, are interconnected in a positive feedback loop, by which mossy cells can influence information passing from the entorhinal cortex via granule cells to hippocampal pyramidal cells. Mossy cells, like CA3 pyramidal cells, are characterized by thorny excrescences on their proximal dendrites, postsynaptic to giant terminals of granule cell axons. In addition to disynaptic input from the entorhinal cortex and perforant path via granule cells, mossy cells may also receive monosynaptic input from the perforant path via special dendrites ascending to the molecular layer. We here report qualitative and quantitative descriptions of Golgi‐stained hippocampal mossy cells in mink, based on light microscopic observations and three‐dimensional reconstructions. The main focus is on the location, branching pattern, and length of dendrites, particularly those ascending to the granular and molecular layers. In mink, the latter dendrites are more numerous than in rat, but fewer than in primates. They form on average 12% (and up to 29%) of the total dendritic length, and appear to cover the terminal fields of both the lateral and medial perforant paths. In further contrast to rat, the main mossy cell dendrites in mink branch more extensively with distal dendrites encroaching upon the CA3 field. The dendritic arbors extend both along and across the septotemporal axis of the dentate gyrus, not conforming to the lamellar pattern of the hippocampus. The findings suggest that the afferent input to the mossy cells becomes more complex in species closer to primates. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
NRCMS capitation reform and effect evaluation in Pudong New Area of Shanghai
Authors: Jing Limei , Bai Jie , Sun Xiaoming , Zakus David , Lou Jiquan , Li Ming , Zhang Qunfang , Zhuang Yuehong 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (RCMS) had played an important role in guaranteeing the acquisition of basic medical healthcare of China's rural populations, being an innovative model of the medical insurance system for so many years here in China. Following the boom and bust of RCMS, the central government rebuilt the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) in 2003 across the whole country. Shanghai, one of the developed cities in China, has developed its RCMS and NRCMS as an advanced and exemplary representative of Chinese rural health insurance. But in the past 10 years, its NRCMS has encountered such challenges as a spiral of medical expenditures and a decrease of insurance participants. Previous investigations showed that the capitation and general practitioner (GP) system had great effect on medical cost containment. Thus, the capitation reform combined with GP system reform of NRCMS, based on a system design, was implemented in Pudong New Area of Shanghai as of 1 August 2012. The aim of the current investigation was to present how the reform was designed and implemented, evaluating its effect by analyzing the data acquired from 12 months before and after the reform. This was an empirical study; we made a conceptual design of the reform to be implemented in Pudong New Area. Most data were derived from the institution‐based surveys and supplemented by a questionnaire survey, qualitative interviews and policy document analysis.We found that most respondents held an optimistic attitude towards the reform. We employed a structure–process–outcome evaluation index system to evaluate the effect of the reform, finding that the growth rate of the insured population's total medical costs and NRCMS funds slowed down significantly after the reform; that the total medical expenditure of the insured rural population decreased by 3.60%; and that the total expenditure of NRCMS decreased by 3.99%.The capitation was found to help the medical staff build active cost control consciousness. Approximately 2.3% of the outpatients flowed to the primary hospitals from the secondary hospitals; and farmers' annual medical burden was relieved to a certain degree. Meanwhile, it did not affect farmers' utilization and benefits of healthcare. However, further reform still faces new challenges: The capitation reform should be well combined with the primary healthcare system to realize the “dual gatekeeper” of GPs; a variety of payment methods should be mixed on the basis of capitation to avoid possible mistakes by one single approach; and the supervision of medical institutions should be strengthened.A long‐term follow‐up study need to be carried out to evaluate the effects of the capitation reform so as to improve the design of the program. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
List Colorings with Distinct List Sizes, the Case of Complete Bipartite Graphs
Authors: Füredi Zoltán , Kantor Ida 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLet be a function on the vertex set of the graph . The graph G is f‐choosable if for every collection of lists with list sizes specified by f there is a proper coloring using colors from the lists. The sum choice number, , is the minimum of , over all functions f such that G is f‐choosable. It is known (Alon, Surveys in Combinatorics, 1993 (Keele), London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series, Vol. 187, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993, pp. 1–33, Random Struct Algor 16 (2000), 364–368) that if G has average degree d, then the usual choice number is at least , so they grow simultaneously. In this article, we show that can be bounded while the minimum degree . Our main tool is to give tight estimates for the sum choice number of the unbalanced complete bipartite graph .
Quantum chemical calculation study on terphenyl arylamines hole transport materials
Authors: Huang Da , Tan Yudong , Sun Yanxue , Zheng Caijun , Wang Zhongliang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe hole reorganization energy and excited states characteristics of N,N′‐bis(naphthalen‐1‐y)‐N,N′‐bis(phenyl)benzidine (NPB), phenyl arylamine, diphenyl arylamine (DP), and terphenyl arylamine (TP) are investigated using time‐dependent density functional theory. It is shown that the hole transport characteristics of the materials TP and DP are better than the commercially available materials NPB. The quantum chemical calculation method accesses a powerful tool by which the potential hole transport materials can be easy to screen out.
Unraveling the ultralow threshold stimulated emission from CdZnS/ZnS quantum dot and enabling high‐Q microlasers
Authors: Wang Yue , Fong Kah Ee , Yang Shancheng , Ta Van Duong , Gao Yuan , Wang Zeng , Nalla Venkatram , Demir Hilmi Volkan , Sun Handong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe newly engineered ternary CdZnS/ZnS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are found to exhibit remarkably high photoluminescence quantum yield and excellent optical gain properties. However, the underlying mechanisms, which could offer the guidelines for devising CQDs for optimized photonic devices, remain undisclosed. In this work, through comprehensive steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopy studies on a series of CdZnS‐based CQDs, we unambiguously clarify that CdZnS‐based CQDs are inherently superior optical gain media in the blue spectral range due to the slow Auger process and that the ultralow threshold stimulated emission is enabled by surface/interface engineering. Furthermore, external cavity‐free high‐Q quasitoroid microlasers were produced from self‐assembly of CdZnS/ZnS CQDs by facile inkjet printing technique. Detailed spectroscopy analysis confirms the whispering gallery mode lasing mechanism of the quasitoroid microlasers. This tempting microlaser fabrication method should be applicable to other solution‐processed gain materials, which could trigger broad research interests.
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Mitoxantrone, More than Just Another Topoisomerase II Poison
Authors: Evison Benny J. , Sleebs Brad E. , Watson Keith G. , Phillips Don R. , Cutts Suzanne M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMitoxantrone is a synthetic anthracenedione originally developed to improve the therapeutic profile of the anthracyclines and is commonly applied in the treatment of breast and prostate cancers, lymphomas, and leukemias. A comprehensive overview of the drug's molecular, biochemical, and cellular pharmacology is presented here, beginning with the cardiotoxic nature of its predecessor doxorubicin and how these properties shaped the pharmacology of mitoxantrone itself. Although mitoxantrone is firmly established as a DNA topoisomerase II poison within mammalian cells, it is now clear that the drug interacts with a much broader range of biological macromolecules both covalently and noncovalently. Here, we consider each of these interactions in the context of their wider biological relevance to cancer therapy and highlight how they may be exploited to further enhance the therapeutic value of mitoxantrone. In doing so, it is now clear that mitoxantrone is more than just another topoisomerase II poison.
Patient‐reported outcomes with the β3‐adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron in a phase III trial in patients with overactive bladder
Authors: Khullar Vik , Amarenco Gerard , Angulo Javier C. , Blauwet Mary Beth , Nazir Jameel , Odeyemi Isaac A. , Hakimi Zalmai 
Published: August 2015

AimsTo assess patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with overactive bladder (OAB) receiving the novel β3‐adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron.MethodsData from a randomised, double‐blind, controlled phase III trial in 1,987 patients aged ≥18 years with OAB symptoms for ≥3 months were analysed. Patients received placebo, mirabegron 50 or 100 mg/day, or tolterodine extended release (ER) 4 mg orally once daily for 12 weeks after a 2‐week placebo run‐in. Prespecified analysis of PROs (changes in OAB Questionnaire [OAB‐q], Patient Perception of Bladder Condition [PPBC], and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: Specific Health Problem [WPAI‐SHP] instrument) in patients treated with mirabegron 50 mg/day, tolterodine ER 4 mg/day or placebo is reported. Post‐hoc analyses of OAB‐q, PPBC and the Treatment Satisfaction‐Visual Analogue Scale (TS‐VAS) in patients who were incontinent at baseline are also reported.ResultsSignificant improvements over placebo in OAB‐q coping and concern from baseline to final visit were observed with mirabegron 50 mg/day. No significant improvements in these parameters were observed with tolterodine ER 4 mg/day. Mirabegron 50 mg/day significantly increased the proportion of patients showing a PPBC improvement over placebo. Mirabegron 50 mg/day also produced greater improvements in WPAI‐SHP presenteeism and greater reductions in absenteeism and overall work impairment than placebo or tolterodine ER 4 mg/day. The impact of mirabegron 50 mg/day treatment on PROs in the incontinent population appears to be greater than that in the overall OAB population.ConclusionsAt the approved dose of 50 mg/day, mirabegron significantly improves OAB patients' perception of disease and quality of life, independent of whether they are incontinent at baseline. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:987–994, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Neurourology and Urodynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trophoblast retrieval and isolation from the cervix (TRIC) is unaffected by early gestational age or maternal obesity
Authors: Fritz Rani , Kohan‐Ghadr Hamid Reza , Sacher Alex , Bolnick Alan D. , Kilburn Brian A. , Bolnick Jay M. , Diamond Michael P. , Drewlo Sascha , Armant D. Randall 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate whether trophoblast yield obtained by trophoblast retrieval and isolation from the cervix (TRIC) is affected by pregnancy outcome, gestational age (GA) at retrieval, maternal body mass index (BMI), parity, or maternal age.MethodsTRIC was performed on 224 ongoing pregnancies between 5 and 20 weeks of GA. Trophoblast cells were isolated from cervical cells using anti‐human leukocyte antigen‐G antibody coupled to magnetic nanoparticles. Purity was assessed by the percentage of isolated cells that express β‐hCG. Patient records were monitored until delivery, and pregnancy outcomes were determined. Trophoblast yield was compared with GA at time of collection, maternal BMI, parity, maternal age, and outcome of pregnancy, using linear regression.ResultsThere was no effect of GA, maternal BMI, parity, and maternal age on trophoblast yield. Trophoblast yield decreased significantly with early pregnancy loss compared with uncomplicated pregnancies that delivered at term. Trophoblast yield with preeclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction was decreased compared with healthy term outcomes; however, they did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsIf TRIC becomes available as a method for non‐invasive prenatal testing, our data demonstrate that it is unaffected by BMI and is useful as early as 5 weeks of GA. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcomes of pregnancies with more than one positive prenatal screening result in the first or second trimester
Authors: Baer R. J. , Currier R. J. , Norton M. E. , Flessel M. C. , Goldman S. , Towner D. , Jelliffe‐Pawlowski L. L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo describe adverse outcomes and fetal abnormalities in women with a positive prenatal screening result for more than one disorder.Study designStudy participants were drawn from a population of 452 901 women pregnant with singletons entering the California Prenatal Screening Program in their first‐trimester. Risk assessment was provided for trisomy 21 and trisomy 18 in the first‐trimester and trisomy 21, trisomy 18, neural tube defects, and Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome in the second‐trimester. Inclusion in this study required positive screening for more than one of the screened conditions and a completed outcome of pregnancy survey.ResultsA total of 874 women met our study inclusion criteria. Over 25% of these pregnancies had a fetus with a chromosomal abnormality. Of the euploid pregnancies, 6.9% had a fetus with a major birth defect. Of the pregnancies with a fetus with neither a chromosomal abnormality nor a major birth defect, 9.3% ended in fetal demise. Overall, more than 50% of women with multiple positive screening results had either a fetus with a birth defect or a poor pregnancy outcome.ConclusionAlthough it is rare to screen positive for more than one condition, such results indicate a very high risk for chromosomal abnormality, fetal demise, or structural abnormality. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Higher‐order generalized hydrodynamics of carriers and phonons in semiconductors in the presence of electric fields: Macro to nano
Authors: Rodrigues Clóves G. , Castro A. Rubens B. , Luzzi Roberto 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe hydrodynamics of carriers (charge and heat motion) and phonons (heat motion) in semiconductors is analyzed in the presence of constant electric fields. This is done in terms of the so‐called higher‐order generalized hydrodynamics (HOGH), also referred to as mesoscopic hydro‐thermodynamics (MHT), that is, covering phenomena involving motions displaying variations short in space and fast in time and being arbitrarily removed from equilibrium, as it is the case in modern electronic devices. The particular case of an MHT of order 1 is described, covering wire samples from macro to nano sizes. Electric and thermal conductivities are obtained. As the size decreases toward the nanometric scale, the MHT of order 1 produces results that in some cases greatly differ from those of the usual hydro‐thermodynamics. The so‐called Maxwell times associated to the different fluxes present in MHT are evidenced and analyzed; they have a quite relevant role in determining the characteristics of the motion.
The evolution of large-scale motions in turbulent pipe flow
Authors: Hellström Leo H. O. , Ganapathisubramani Bharathram , Smits Alexander J. 
Published: August 2015

A dual-plane snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis of turbulent pipe flow at a Reynolds number of 104 000 is presented. The high-speed particle image velocimetry data were simultaneously acquired in two planes, a cross-stream plane (2D–3C) and a streamwise plane (2D–2C) on the pipe centreline. The cross-stream plane analysis revealed large structures with a spatio-temporal extent of $1{-}2R$, where $R$ is the pipe radius. The temporal evolution of these large-scale structures is examined using the time-shifted correlation of the cross-stream snapshot POD coefficients, identifying the low-energy intermediate modes responsible for the transition between the large-scale modes. By conditionally averaging based on the occurrence/intensity of a given cross-stream snapshot POD mode, a complex structure consisting of wall-attached and -detached large-scale structures is shown to be associated with the most energetic modes. There is a pseudo-alignment of these large structures, which together create structures with a spatio-temporal extent of approximately $6R$, which appears to explain the formation of the very-large-scale motions previously observed in pipe flow.
Impact of lithium alone or in combination with haloperidol on oxidative stress parameters and cell viability in SH-SY5Y cell culture
Authors: Gawlik-Kotelnicka Oliwia , Mielicki Wojciech , Rabe-Jabłońska Jolanta , Lazarek Jerry , Strzelecki Dominik 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundIt has been reported that lithium may inhibit lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. Lithium salts also appear to stimulate cell proliferation, increase neurogenesis, and delay cell death. Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration may play an important role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and the disease course thereof. The aim of this research is to estimate the influence of lithium (alone and in combination with haloperidol) on the parameters of oxidative stress and viability of SH-SY5Y cell lines in neutral and pro-oxidative conditions.MethodsThe evaluated oxidative stress parameter was lipid peroxidation. The viability of the cell lines was measured utilising the MTT test.ResultsIn neutral conditions, higher levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were observed in those samples which contained both haloperidol and lithium than in other samples. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Cell viability was significantly higher in therapeutic lithium samples than in the controls; samples of haloperidol alone as well as those of haloperidol with lithium did not differ from controls.ConclusionsThe results of our study may indicate that lithium possess neuroprotective properties that may be partly due to antioxidative effects. The combination of lithium and haloperidol may generate increased oxidative stress.
A Hafted Halberd Excavated at Trecastell, Powys: from Undercurrent to Uptake – the Emergence and Contextualisation of Halberds in Wales and North-west Europe
Authors: Needham Stuart ,   With contributions by, Davis Mary , Gwilt Adam , Lodwick Mark , Parkes Phil , Reavill Peter 
Published: August 2015

Excavations at Trecastell, Powys, south Wales, in 2007 yielded a copper halberd complete with its haft-grip. This has major implications for the mode of hafting halberds, but the discovery has also prompted a reconsideration of insular halberds in their north-west European context. Understanding the relationships between different types of halberd and different regional groups continues to be hampered by the dearth of good dating evidence, but the creation of better classifications for British and Irish weapons and new radiocarbon dates on two examples, one being Trecastell, have allowed a new developmental scheme to be advanced.The emergence of metal-headed halberds is considered more generally. While it is acknowledged that halberd-like implements pre-existed in other materials in some parts of Europe, it is argued that the appearance of metal-headed halberds depended on the transmission of a particular set of metallurgical and related skills. A new model for the vigorous uptake of halberds on a regional basis helps explain the patchiness and anachronism of halberd hotspots.The Trecastell halberd adds to one of the significant concentrations of the weapon type in Britain and prompts a more general review of the earliest metalwork from Wales and the Marches. For the Chalcolithic, halberds are instrumental in identifying a major contrast in depositional behaviour; this contrast dissolves at the beginning of the Early Bronze Age when a ‘new deposition ground’ is established. The former is attributed to the existence of a regional group across much of the region for whom the halberd served as a cultural icon, while the latter may relate to the demise of this enshrined value for the halberd.