bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le développement minier au Nunavik et l’importance du parc national des Pingualuit pour protéger l’environnement et la culture inuit
Authors: Philie Pierre 
Published: July 2014

Depuis la fin des années 1950, de nombreuses compagnies minières ont exploré la Fosse de l’Ungava au Nunavik (Canada). Des gisements de nickel, de cuivre et d’amiante y ont été exploités, ou sont en ce moment exploités, depuis les années 1970. Actuellement les compagnies Canadian Royalties et Glencore Xstrata emploient quelque 1500 personnes sur leurs sites d’extraction. Les Kangirsujuamiut, Sallumiut, Puvirnitumiut et les Nunavimmiut en général ont dû apprendre à vivre avec les retombées socioéconomiques et environnementales des projets miniers. Si leur perception de l’activité minière au Nunavik a évolué avec le temps, l’importance qu’ils accordent à la protection de l’environnement, elle, ne s’est pas érodée. Des comités comme la Commission de la qualité de l’environnement Kativik, le Comité Raglan et le Comité Nunavik Nickel voient à ce que le Nunavik continue à être perçu comme un territoire sain où il est toujours possible de pratiquer des activités de subsistance. La création du parc national des Pingualuit à proximité des mines aide également à minimiser les impacts environnementaux négatifs et offre aux Nunavimmiut la possibilité de récupérer un territoire qui avait été délaissé avec le temps. Le parc national des Pingualuit permet aux jeunes générations de se réapproprier une partie de leur culture, simplement en occupant le territoire.
Accounting Valuation and CrossSectional Stock Returns in China
Authors: Lee Woo-Jong , Zhang Yu 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Using accounting-based valuations, Frankel and Lee (1998) document a positive association between fundamental value-to-price ratio (V/P) and abnormal stock returns in subsequent periods. They attribute the V/P effect to the market’s gradual adjustment of stock prices towards a fundamental value, and this is regarded as counter-evidence for market efficiency (i.e. mispricing). This synopsis aims to examine whether the V/P effect also holds for Chinese companies.
The zonal motion of equatorial plasma bubbles relative to the background ionosphere
Authors: Kil Hyosub , Lee Woo Kyoung , Kwak Young‐Sil , Zhang Yongliang , Paxton Larry J. , Milla Marco 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe zonal motions of plasmas inside equatorial plasma bubbles are different from those in the background ionosphere. The difference was explained in terms of the tilt of bubbles by recent studies, but observational evidence of this hypothesis has not yet been provided. We examine this hypothesis and, at the same time, look for an alternative explanation on the basis of the coincident satellite and radar observations over Jicamarca (11.95°S, 76.87°W) in Peru. In the observations at premidnight by the first Republic of China satellite (altitude: 600 km, inclination: 35°), plasmas inside bubbles drift westward relative to ambient plasmas. The same phenomenon is identified by radar observations. However, the relative westward plasma motions inside bubbles occur regardless of the tilt of bubbles, and therefore, the tilt is not the primary cause of the deviation of the plasma motions inside bubbles. The zonal plasma motions in the topside are characterized by systematic eastward drifts, whereas the zonal motions of plasmas in the bottomside backscatter layer show a mixture of eastward and westward drifts. The zonal plasma motions inside backscatter plumes resemble those in the bottomside backscatter layer. These observations indicate that plasmas inside bubbles maintain the properties of the zonal plasma motions in the bottomside where the bubbles originate. With this assumption, the deviation of the zonal motions of plasmas inside bubbles from those of ambient plasmas is understood in terms of the difference of the zonal plasma flows in the bottomside and topside.
Broad plasma depletions detected in the bottomside of the equatorial F region: Simultaneous ROCSAT‐1 and JULIA observations
Authors: Kil Hyosub , Kwak Young‐Sil , Lee Woo Kyoung , Oh Seung‐Jun , Milla Marco , Galkin Ivan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe investigated the association of broad plasma depletions (BPDs) with plasma bubbles and ionospheric uplift in the equatorial F region using the coincident satellite and radar observations over Jicamarca in Peru. BPDs were detected by the first Republic of China satellite (ROCSAT‐1) on the nights of 21 and 22 December 2002 during the period of moderate geomagnetic activity. The observations of the Jicamarca Unattended Long‐term Investigations of the Ionosphere and Atmosphere radar and an ionosonde showed that the F peak height was lifted above the ROCSAT‐1 altitude (600 km) at the times of the BPD detection. The fraction of NO+ was substantial at the locations of BPDs. These observations support the association of the BPDs with the ionospheric uplift. However, the absence of large backscatter plumes at the times of the BPD detection indicates that the BPDs were not produced by a single large bubble or a merger of bubbles.
Dynamically modeling fault step overs using various friction laws
Authors: Ryan Kenny J. , Oglesby David D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIt is well known that fault step overs can under some circumstances allow through‐going rupture and under other circumstances cause rupture to terminate. However, the effects of different friction law formulations on jumping rupture have not been extensively explored. In this study we use the 2‐D dynamic finite element method to investigate how different frictional parameterizations affect the ability of rupture to jump a step over, in both extensional and compressional settings. We compare linear slip‐weakening friction and three forms of rate‐ and state‐dependent friction: the aging law, slip law, and slip law with strong rate weakening. We have found that for friction parameterizations with the same effective slip‐weakening distance, the functional forms of such friction laws can have a significant effect on maximum jump distance. With friction laws scaled to have equivalent fracture energies, we find that the functional forms of such friction laws have a second‐order effect on jumping rupture. Finally, with our specific parameterizations we find that delays in rupture across the step over systems can lead to a previously unseen mode of supershear transition once the rupture renucleates on the secondary fault segment, even if the initial stress field precludes such a transition. Studies using multiple friction laws in complex geometries such as fault step overs can lead to better understanding of the dependence of rupture properties on the type of friction law utilized in models and statistical analysis.
Quantifying Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability dynamics observed in noctilucent clouds: 1. Methods and observations
Authors: Baumgarten Gerd , Fritts David C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNoctilucent clouds (NLCs) have been imaged during two nights in summer 2009 from northern Germany (Kühlungsborn, 54°N) and middle Norway (Trondheim, 64°N). For the first time a horizontal resolution of 10 to 20 m at the altitude of the clouds (about 83 km) and a temporal resolution of about 1 s was achieved. Additional imaging using a coarser resolution provided monitoring of the larger‐scale (~100 km) structures observed in the clouds. Two series of NLC images are described that reveal apparent Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) billow structures having very different morphologies and apparent transitions to turbulence and mixing. One series exhibits deep KH billows and apparent secondary instabilities in the billow exteriors having streamwise alignment (and spanwise wave number), suggesting a small initial Richardson number (Ri). A second series of images suggests a larger and less unstable Ri, a slower KH billow evolution, shallower billows, and turbulence and mixing confined to the billow cores. We suggest that systematic exploration of these dynamics employing NLC imaging may enable characterization and quantification of KH instability occurrence statistics and of their contributions to turbulence and mixing in the summer mesopause environment with unique sensitivity to their small‐scale dynamics.
Phosphodiesterase III inhibitor promotes drainage of cerebrovascular β‐amyloid
Authors: Maki Takakuni , Okamoto Yoko , Carare Roxana O. , Hase Yoshiki , Hattori Yorito , Hawkes Cheryl A. , Saito Satoshi , Yamamoto Yumi , Terasaki Yasukazu , Ishibashi‐Ueda Hatsue , Taguchi Akihiko , Takahashi Ryosuke , Miyakawa Taihei , Kalaria Raj N. , Lo Eng H. , Arai Ken , Ihara Masafumi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveBrain amyloidosis is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It also incorporates cerebrovascular amyloid β (Aβ) in the form of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) involving neurovascular dysfunction. We have recently shown by retrospective analysis that patients with mild cognitive impairment receiving a vasoactive drug cilostazol, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) III, exhibit significantly reduced cognitive decline. Here, we tested whether cilostazol protects against the disruption of the neurovascular unit and facilitates the arterial pulsation‐driven perivascular drainage of Aβ in AD/CAA.MethodsWe explored the expression of PDE III in postmortem human brain tissue followed by a series of experiments examining the effects of cilostazol on Aβ metabolism in transgenic mice (Tg‐SwDI mice) as a model of cerebrovascular β‐amyloidosis, as well as cultured neurons.ResultsWe established that PDE III is abnormally upregulated in cerebral blood vessels of AD and CAA subjects and closely correlates with vascular amyloid burden. Furthermore, we demonstrated that cilostazol treatment maintained cerebral hyperemic and vasodilative responses to hypercapnia and acetylcholine, suppressed degeneration of pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, promoted perivascular drainage of soluble fluorescent Aβ1‐40, and rescued cognitive deficits in Tg‐SwDI mice. Although cilostazol decreased endogenous Aβ production in cultured neurons, C‐terminal fragment of amyloid precursor protein expression was not altered in cilostazol‐treated Tg‐SwDI mice.InterpretationThe predominant action of cilostazol on Aβ metabolism is likely to facilitate Aβ clearance due to the sustained cerebrovascular function in vivo. Our findings mechanistically demonstrate that cilostazol is a promising therapeutic approach for AD and CAA.
The Delay Before Recall Changes the Remembered Duration of 15‐minute Video Sequences
Authors: Grondin Simon , Laflamme Vincent , Bisson Nicolas , Désautels Félix 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine if the passage of time changes the memory of the duration of joyful or sad events. Participants were asked to look at a series of brief videos lasting 15 minutes and to estimate retrospectively and verbally (with chronometric units) the duration of this 15‐minute period. There were two independent variables: the emotion conditions (joy, sadness and neutral) and the recall conditions (immediately after the presentation of videos, 1 week later or 1 month later). The results show that the estimated time is largely overestimated in the 1‐week and 1‐month condition but not when the recall is immediate. This effect applies to each emotional condition, but there was no significant difference between the emotion conditions. The effect of emotion on the estimation of long intervals judged retrospectively seems minimal in comparison with the cognitive effect associated with the passage of time. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visual Displays that Directly Interface and Provide Read‐Outs of Molecular States via Molecular Graphics Processing Units
Authors: Poje Julia E. , Kastratovic Tamara , Macdonald Andrew R. , Guillermo Ana C. , Troetti Steven E. , Jabado Omar J. , Fanning M. Leigh , Stefanovic Darko , Macdonald Joanne 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe monitoring of molecular systems usually requires sophisticated technologies to interpret nanoscale events into electronic‐decipherable signals. We demonstrate a new method for obtaining read‐outs of molecular states that uses graphics processing units made from molecular circuits. Because they are made from molecules, the units are able to directly interact with molecular systems. We developed deoxyribozyme‐based graphics processing units able to monitor nucleic acids and output alphanumerical read‐outs via a fluorescent display. Using this design we created a molecular 7‐segment display, a molecular calculator able to add and multiply small numbers, and a molecular automaton able to diagnose Ebola and Marburg virus sequences. These molecular graphics processing units provide insight for the construction of autonomous biosensing devices, and are essential components for the development of molecular computing platforms devoid of electronics.
Cooperative, Reversible Self‐Assembly of Covalently Pre‐Linked Proteins into Giant Fibrous Structures
Authors: Averick Saadyah , Karácsony Orsolya , Mohin Jacob , Yong Xin , Moellers Nicholas M. , Woodman Bradley F. , Zhu Weipu , Mehl Ryan A. , Balazs Anna C. , Kowalewski Tomasz , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe demonstrate a simple bioconjugate polymer system that undergoes reversible self‐assembling into extended fibrous structures, reminiscent of those observed in living systems. It is comprised of green fluorescent protein (GFP) molecules linked into linear oligomeric strands through click step growth polymerization with dialkyne poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). Confocal microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic light scattering revealed that such strands form high persistence length fibers, with lengths reaching tens of micrometers, and uniform, sub‐100 nm widths. We ascribe this remarkable and robust form of self‐assembly to the cooperativity arising from the known tendency of GFP molecules to dimerize through localized hydrophobic patches and from their covalent pre‐linking with flexible PEO. Dissipative particle dynamics simulations of a coarse‐grained model of the system revealed its tendency to form elongated fibrous aggregates, suggesting the general nature of this mode of self‐assembly.
Endless: A Purine‐Binding RNA Motif that Can Be Expressed in Cells
Authors: Kröner Christoph , Thunemann Martin , Vollmer Sven , Kinzer Manuela , Feil Robert , Richert Clemens 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIt is becoming increasingly clear that nature uses RNAs extensively for regulating vital functions of the cell, and short sequences are frequently used to suppress gene expression. However, controlling the concentration of small molecules intracellularly through designed RNA sequences that fold into ligand‐binding structures is difficult. The development of “endless”, a triplex‐based folding motif that can be expressed in mammalian cells and binds the second messenger 3′,5′‐cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), is described. In vitro, DNA or RNA versions of endless show low micromolar to nanomolar dissociation constants for cGMP. To test its functionality in vivo, four endless RNA motifs arranged in tandem were co‐expressed with a fluorescent cGMP sensor protein in murine vascular smooth muscle cells. Nitric oxide induced endogenous cGMP signals were suppressed in endless‐expressing cells compared to cells expressing a control motif, which suggests that endless can act as a genetically encoded cGMP sink to modulate signal transduction in cells.
Thermal Methane Conversion to Formaldehyde Promoted by Single Platinum Atoms in PtAl2O4− Cluster Anions
Authors: Zhao Yan‐Xia , Li Zi‐Yu , Yuan Zhen , Li Xiao‐Na , He Sheng‐Gui 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIdentification and mechanistic study of thermal methane conversion mediated by gas‐phase species is important for finding potentially useful routes for direct methane transformation under mild conditions. Negatively charged oxide species are usually inert with methane. This work reports an unexpected result that the bi‐metallic oxide cluster anions PtAl2O4− can transform methane into a stable organic compound, formaldehyde, with high selectivity. The clusters are prepared by laser ablation and reacted with CH4 in an ion trap reactor. The reaction is characterized by mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations. It is found that platinum rather than oxygen activates CH4 at the beginning of the reaction. The Al2O4− moiety serves as the support of Pt atom and plays important roles in the late stage of the reaction. A new mechanism for selective methane conversion is provided and new insights into the surface chemistry of single Pt atoms may be obtained from this study.
Exploring the Symmetry, Structure, and Self‐Assembly Mechanism of a Gigantic Seven‐Fold Symmetric {Pd84} Wheel
Authors: Scullion Rachel A. , Surman Andrew J. , Xu Feng , Mathieson Jennifer S. , Long De‐Liang , Haso Fadi , Liu Tianbo , Cronin Leroy 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe symmetry, structure and formation mechanism of the structurally self‐complementary {Pd84} = [Pd84O42(PO4)42(CH3CO2)28]70− wheel is explored. Not only does the symmetry give rise to a non‐closest packed structure, the mechanism of the wheel formation is proposed to depend on the delicate balance between reaction conditions. We achieve the resolution of gigantic polyoxopalladate species through electrophoresis and size‐exclusion chromatography, the latter has been used in conjunction with electrospray mass spectrometry to probe the formation of the ring, which was found to proceed by the stepwise aggregation of {Pd6}− = [Pd6O4(CH3CO2)2(PO4)3Na6−nHn]− building blocks. Furthermore, the higher‐order assembly of these clusters into hollow blackberry structures of around 50 nm has been observed using dynamic and static light scattering.
Chlorfreie Pyrotechnik: “grüne” Emission blauen Lichtes durch Kupfer(I)‐iodid
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Rusan Magdalena , Sabatini Jesse J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDie Erzeugung blauen Lichtes in pyrotechnischen Formulierungen wurde ohne den Einsatz von chlorhaltigen Verbindungen erreicht, wobei sich Kupfer(I)‐iodid als geeigneter molekularer Emitter blauen Lichtes herausgestellt hat. Im Vergleich zu chlorhaltigen Formulierungen wurden durch die beste blau brennende Formulierung auf Basis von Kupfer(I)‐iodid eine höhere spektrale Reinheit, Lichtintensität und Brenndauer erzielt. Ebenso erwies sich diese Formulierung als unempfindlich gegenüber Schlag, Reibung und Hitze.
Baking, Ageing, Diabetes: A Short History of the Maillard Reaction
Authors: Hellwig Michael , Henle Thomas 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe reaction of reducing carbohydrates with amino compounds described in 1912 by Louis‐Camille Maillard is responsible for the aroma, taste, and appearance of thermally processed food. The discovery that non‐enzymatic conversions also occur in organisms led to intensive investigation of the pathophysiological significance of the Maillard reaction in diabetes and ageing processes. Dietary Maillard products are discussed as “glycotoxins” and thus as a nutritional risk, but also increasingly with regard to positive effects in the human body. In this Review we give an overview of the most important discoveries in Maillard research since it was first described and show that the complex reaction, even after over one hundred years, has lost none of its interdisciplinary actuality.
On the Rotational Intergrowth of Hierarchical FAU/EMT Zeolites
Authors: Khaleel Maryam , Wagner Andrew J. , Mkhoyan K. Andre , Tsapatsis Michael 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA structural study of a hierarchical zeolite X, which is similar to the one first synthesized by Inayat et al.,12 was performed using transmission electron microscopy imaging and diffraction. Evidence is provided, by comparison to simulations, that this material is an intergrowth of FAU and EMT and a conceptual model is presented for the growth of the FAU material with a small fraction of EMT in an atypical morphology of assembled sheets with well‐defined intersection angles.
Synthesis‐Enabled Probing of Mitosene Structural Space Leads to Improved IC50 over Mitomycin C
Authors: Zheng Zhitong , Touve Mollie , Barnes Josue , Reich Norbert , Zhang Liming 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA DNA crosslinking approach, which is distinct but related to the double alkylation by mitomycin C, involving a novel electrophilic spiro‐cyclopropane intermediate is hypothesized. Rational design and substantial structural simplification permitted the expedient chemical synthesis and rapid discovery of MTSB‐6, a mitomycin C analogue which is twice as potent as mitomycin C against the prostate cancer cells. MTSB‐6 shows improvements in its selective action against noncancer prostate cells over mitomycin C. This hypothesis‐driven discovery opens novel yet synthetically accessible mitosene structural space for discovering more potent and less toxic therapeutic candidates.
Dating Archaeological Copper/Bronze Artifacts by Using the Voltammetry of Microparticles
Authors: Doménech‐Carbó Antonio , Doménech‐Carbó María Teresa , Capelo Sofia , Pasíes Trinidad , Martínez‐Lázaro Isabel 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA method for dating copper/bronze archaeological objects aged in atmospheric environments is proposed based on the specific signals for cuprite and tenorite corrosion products measured through the voltammtry of microparticles method. The tenorite/cuprite ratio increased with the corrosion time and fitted to a potential law that yielded a calibration curve usable for dating purposes.
Defect Chemistry of Singly and Doubly Doped Ceria: Correlation between Ion Transport and Energetics
Authors: Buyukkilic Salih , Kim Sangtae , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEarlier studies have shown a strong correlation between the enthalpy of formation, ΔHf,ox, and the ionic conductivity, σi, near room temperature in doped ceria systems, which are promising solid electrolytes for intermediate‐temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT‐SOFCs). The present work demonstrates that this correlation holds at the operating temperature of IT‐SOFCs, 600–700 °C. Solid solutions of Ce1−xNdxO2−0.5x, Ce1−xSmxO2−0.5x, and Ce1−xSm0.5xNd0.5xO2−0.5x are studied. The ΔHf,ox at 702 °C is determined by considering the excess heat content between 25 and 702 °C combined with the value of ΔHf,ox at 25 °C. Both σi and ΔHf,ox show maxima at x=0.15 and 0.20 for the singly and doubly doped ceria, respectively, suggesting that the number of mobile oxygen vacancies in these solid solutions reaches a maximum near those compositions. An increase in temperature results in a shift of the maximum in both ΔHf,ox and σi towards higher concentrations. This shift results from a gradual increase in dissociation of the defect associates.
Simultaneous Assessment of Kinetic, Site‐Specific, and Structural Aspects of Enzymatic Protein Phosphorylation
Authors: van de Waterbeemd Michiel , Lössl Philip , Gautier Violette , Marino Fabio , Yamashita Masami , Conti Elena , Scholten Arjen , Heck Albert J. R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractProtein phosphorylation is a widespread process forming the mechanistic basis of cellular signaling. Up to now, different aspects, for example, site‐specificity, kinetics, role of co‐factors, and structure–function relationships have been typically investigated by multiple techniques that are incompatible with one another. The approach introduced here maximizes the amount of information gained on protein (complex) phosphorylation while minimizing sample handling. Using high‐resolution native mass spectrometry on intact protein (assemblies) up to 150 kDa we track the sequential incorporation of phosphate groups and map their localization by peptide LC‐MS/MS. On two model systems, the protein kinase G and the interplay between Aurora kinase A and Bora, we demonstrate the simultaneous monitoring of various aspects of the phosphorylation process, namely the effect of different cofactors on PKG autophosphorylation and the interaction of AurA and Bora as both an enzyme–substrate pair and physical binding partners.