bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of co-existence between the Hubble flow and the random alignments of spin vectors of SDSS galaxies
Authors: Yadav Shiv Narayan , Saurer Walter , Aryal Binil 
Published: December 2014

We present a study of spin vector orientation of 14,118 SDSS (Sloan Digital Sky Survey) galaxies having redshift in the range 0.19 to 0.20 (radial velocity 57,000 km/s to 60,000 km/s) with respect to galactic coordinate system using 7th data release (2008, October). These galaxies were observed through SDSS telescope of Apache Point Observatory located at New Mexico, USA. The photometric database is made available through our collaboration with institute of Astro-particle physics, Innsbruck University, Austria. We used the `Godlowskian' method to convert two dimensional data to three dimensional galaxy rotation axes. Our intension is to find out non-random effects in the spatial orientation of galaxies and to check redshift dependence. The expected isotropy distribution curves are obtained by removing the selection effects and performing a random simulation method. The observed and expected polar and azimuthal angle distributions are compared by using three statistical tests- chi-square, auto-correlation and the Fourier. It is found that the spatial orientation of galaxies tend to be oriented randomly with respect to the galactic coordinate system, supporting hierarchy model of galaxy evolution. In few cases we noticed a preference, probably due to the gravitational shearing or tidal effects in the large scale structure. In general, redshift is found to be independent of orientation. Hence, a very good correlation between the Hubble flow (redshift) and the random alignments of spin vectors of SDSS galaxies is noticed.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v12i0.11787BIBECHANA 12 (2015) 114-127
Comparison of surgical outcomes of Ultrasonic technique (Harmonic Focus™) with Conventional technique in open hemithyroidectomy
Authors: Regmi Deepak , KC Toran , Bista Meera , Shrestha Sangita 
Published: December 2014

Background: The option for dissection and haemostasis during thyroid surgery include either the modern ultrasonic technology (Harmonic Focus™) or the conventional technique using knot and ties, monopolar or bipolar electrocautery. Comparison between the surgical outcomes of open hemithyroidectomy using these two modalities was done.Objective: To compare the surgical outcomes of ultrasonic technique using Harmonic Focus™ (HS) with Conventional technique (CT) in open hemithyoidectomy.Method: Twenty consecutive patients undergoing open hemithyroidectomy for benign solitary thyroid nodule of ≤ 3 cm were randomly assigned into two groups; group HS (n=10) and group CT (n=10). Analysis of surgical outcomes performed by these two techniques, particularly: operative time, intra-operative blood loss, post operative pain, incision size, complications and hospital stay were done.Results: The age, sex and pathologies were comparable in both the groups. For the group HS, mean operative time was (mean ± SD=55 ± 5 min) 15 minutes shorter than group CT (mean ± SD= 70 ± 10 min) (P<0.01). Mean operative blood loss was (mean ± SD=20 ±10 ml) 16 ml less in group HS than CT (mean ± SD= 36 ±12 ml) (P<0.01). The group HS experienced less post operative pain (mean ± SD=4 ± 0.94 VAS) than CT (mean ± SD= 7 ± 0.81 VAS) (P<0.001). The incision size at the time of skin closure was 1.6 cm shorter in group HS ((mean ± SD= 3.95 ±0.61 vs. 5.5 ± 0.78cm) (P<0.01). Hospital stay (mean ± SD= 2.30 ± 0.48 vs. 4.20 ±0.42 days) was statistically significant (P<0.01) in group HS than CT. There were no major complications.Conclusion: In patients undergoing open hemithyroidectomy, HS is a faster, better cosmetic, safe and less morbid tool than CT. Its use reduces operative time, blood loss, post operative pain, scar size, along with hospital stay.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v2i4.11774 Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 2, No. 4, Issue 6, Oct.-Dec., 2013Page: 175-180
Impact of pharmacists in mental health over the past decade
Authors: Thomas Jennifer E. , Caballero Joshua 
Published: December 2014

Purpose: As healthcare moves towards an interdisciplinary approach to improve clinical outcomes, it has become increasingly important for health care providers to collaboratively work together. Pharmacists have been working with psychiatrists for several decades to improve patient outcomes. However, their utility in psychiatry has not been recently elucidated. The purpose of this article is to describe and evaluate the impact of pharmacists in psychiatric settings over the past ten years.
Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed and CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Studies published between 2002 and 2011 were included. Additional studies were identified through references contained within the studies. Case reports and case series were excluded.
Results: Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria: 15 studies in outpatient settings, two in inpatient settings. Outcomes measured included: patient symptoms, economic outcomes, medication adherence, and patient satisfaction. The majority of studies found improvements (e.g., resolution of symptoms, cost savings). However, controlled trials found no significant difference in clinical improvement from pharmacists' interventions.
Conclusion: Although the majority of studies suggest pharmacists provide positive outcomes, the trials vary widely in quality and measured outcomes. Additional controlled trials with more standardized methods are recommended to support the role of pharmacists in psychiatric settings.
Monitoring and Treatment of Weight Gain in Children and Adolescents Treated with Second Generation Antipsychotics (SGAs)
Authors: Saldaña Shannon N. , Kawsky Jaclyn 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
The use of second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) for the treatment of psychiatric illnesses in children and adolescents is increasing. Adverse effects of SGAs include weight gain, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance that can subsequently progress to diabetes. Data suggest that the metabolic effects of SGAs may be more severe in children and adolescents than in adults. The mechanism of SGA-related weight gain is not fully understood and almost certainly due to a combination of factors. A vital first step to minimize risk and long-term adverse outcomes from SGA treatment is to implement consistent metabolic monitoring.
Implementation and outcomes of a pharmacy managed clinic for veterans in a substance abuse residential rehabilitation treatment program
Authors: McNeil Julie , Johnson Catherine , Krahn Dean 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of a newly implemented pharmacy managed service in a Substance Abuse Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Program (SARRTP) within a Veterans Medical Center setting. Patients receiving residential treatment may have a lapse in primary care services if their primary care provider is based out of a different facility. This can result in undesirable outcomes, including unnecessary emergency department (ED) visits or unaddressed medical needs. Additionally, these patients have often made significant lifestyle modifications that can have a major impact on the treatment of their chronic medical conditions. A pharmacy-managed clinic was created for these patients to provide medication therapy management as appropriate within the scope of a pharmacist.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed using the Computerized Patient Record System to assess outcomes of the newly implemented pharmacy managed clinic for SARRTP patients. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained prior to data collection. Outcomes assessed included number of ED visits before and after clinic initiation, as well as number and type of pharmacist interventions. Fisher's exact test was used to determine statistical significance, defined as p<0.05.

Results: Thirty-seven patients were seen in a total of 46 clinic visits over a period of six months. ED visits had a statistically significant decrease of 27.9% following clinic initiation (p<0.05). There was an average of 4.3 problems assessed per patient. Average number of interventions per patient was 2.7 with an average of 3.5 educational topics documented.

Conclusion: ED visits decreased significantly following clinic initiation, resulting in cost savings. Multiple interventions were made through this new clinical service to improve Veteran care. Lifestyle modifications made by this patient population often require therapy adjustments and education to optimize care. This type of innovative clinical service would likely be beneficial for other facilities to consider providing.
Disruption and reaccretion of midsized moons during an outer solar system Late Heavy Bombardment
Authors: Movshovitz N. , Nimmo F. , Korycansky D. G. , Asphaug E. , Owen J. M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe investigate the problem of satellite survival during a hypothetical Late Heavy Bombardment in the outer solar system, as predicted by the Nice model (Tsiganis, Gomes, Morbidelli, and Levison 2005, Nature 435). Using a Monte Carlo approach we calculate, for satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus, the probability of experiencing a catastrophic collision during the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB). We find that Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, and Miranda experience at least one catastrophic impact in every simulation. Because reaccretion is expected to be rapid, these bodies will have emerged as scrambled mixtures of rock and ice. Tidal heating may have subsequently modified the latter three, but in the nominal LHB model Mimas should be a largely undifferentiated, homogeneous body. A differentiated Mimas would imply either that this body formed late or that the Nice model requires significant modification.
Outflow of low‐energy ions and the solar cycle
Authors: André M. , Li K. , Eriksson A. I. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMagnetospheric ions with energies less than tens of eV originate from the ionosphere. Positive low‐energy ions are complicated to detect onboard sunlit spacecraft at higher altitudes, which often become positively charged to several tens of volts. We use two Cluster spacecraft and study low‐energy ions with a technique based on the detection of the wake behind a charged spacecraft in a supersonic ion flow. We find that low‐energy ions usually dominate the density and the outward flux in the geomagnetic tail lobes during all parts of the solar cycle. The global outflow is of the order of 1026 ions/s and often dominates over the outflow at higher energies. The outflow increases by a factor of 2 with increasing solar EUV flux during a solar cycle. This increase is mainly due to the increased density of the outflowing population, while the outflow velocity does not vary much. Thus, the outflow is limited by the available density in the ionospheric source rather than by the energy available in the magnetosphere to increase the velocity.
Upscale and downscale energy transfer over the tropical Pacific revealed by scatterometer winds
Authors: King Gregory P. , Vogelzang Jur , Stoffelen Ad 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe direction of the energy cascade in the mesoscales of atmospheric turbulence is investigated using near‐surface winds over the tropical Pacific measured by satellite scatterometers SeaWinds (QuikSCAT) and ASCAT (MetOp‐A). The tropical Pacific was subdivided into nine regions, classified as rainy or dry. Longitudinal third‐order along‐track structure functions
and skewness
were calculated as a function of separation
for each region and month during the period November 2008 to October 2009. We find that the results support both downscale and upscale interpretations, depending on region and month. The results indicate that normally energy cascades downscale, but cascades upscale over the cold tongue in the cold season and over the west Pacific in summer months. An explanation is offered based on the heating or cooling of the air by the underlying sea surface temperature. It is also found that the signature of intermittent small‐scale (<100 km) events could be identified in graphs of
, implying that this diagnostic may be useful in the studies of tropical disturbances.
Quality assessment of spaceborne sea surface salinity observations over the northern North Atlantic
Authors: Köhler Julia , Sena Martins Meike , Serra Nuno , Stammer Detlef 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSpaceborne sea surface salinity (SSS) measurements provided by the European Space Agency's (ESA) “Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity” (SMOS) and the National Aeronautical Space Agency's (NASA) “Aquarius/SAC‐D” missions, covering the period from May 2012 to April 2013, are compared against in situ salinity measurements obtained in the northern North Atlantic between 20°N and 80°N. In cold water, SMOS SSS fields show a temperature‐dependent negative SSS bias of up to −2 g/kg for temperatures <5°C. Removing this bias significantly reduces the differences to independent ship‐based thermosalinograph data but potentially corrects simultaneously also other effects not related to temperature, such as land contamination or radio frequency interference (RFI). The resulting time‐mean bias, averaged over the study area, amounts to 0.1 g/kg. A respective correction applied previously by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to the Aquarius data is shown here to have successfully removed an SST‐related bias in our study area. For both missions, resulting spatial structures of SSS variability agree very well with those available from an eddy‐resolving numerical simulation and from Argo data and, additionally they also show substantial salinity changes on monthly and seasonal time scales. Some fraction of the root‐mean‐square difference between in situ, and SMOS and Aquarius data (approximately 0.9 g/kg) can be attributed to short time scale ocean processes, notably at the Greenland shelf, and could represent associated sampling errors there.
Evolution of summer Arctic sea ice albedo in CCSM4 simulations: Episodic summer snowfall and frozen summers
Authors: Light Bonnie , Dickinson Suzanne , Perovich Donald K. , Holland Marika M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe albedo of Arctic sea ice is calculated from summertime output of twentieth century Community Climate System Model v.4 (CCSM4) simulations. This is compared with an empirical record based on the generalized observations of the summer albedo progression along with melt onset dates determined from remote sensing. Only the contributions to albedo from ice, snow, and ponds are analyzed; fractional ice area is not considered in this assessment. Key factors dictating summer albedo evolution are the timing and extent of ponding and accumulation of snow. The CCSM4 summer sea ice albedo decline was found, on average, to be less pronounced than either the empirical record or the CLARA‐SAL satellite record. The modeled ice albedo does not go as low as the empirical record, nor does the low summer albedo last as long. In the model, certain summers were found to retain snow on sea ice, thus inhibiting ice surface melt and the formation or retention of melt ponds. These “frozen” summers were generally not the summers with the largest spring snow accumulation, but were instead summers that received at least trace snowfall in June or July. When these frozen summers are omitted from the comparison, the model and empirical records are in much better agreement. This suggests that the representation of summer Arctic snowfall events and/or their influence on the sea ice conditions are not well represented in CCSM4 integrations, providing a target for future model development work.
Decoupling the influence of biological and physical processes on the dissolved oxygen in the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Du Jiabi , Shen Jian 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIt is instructive and essential to decouple the effects of biological and physical processes on the dissolved oxygen condition, in order to understand their contribution to the interannual variability of hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay since the 1980s. A conceptual bottom DO budget model is applied, using the vertical exchange time scale (VET) to quantify the physical condition and net oxygen consumption rate to quantify biological activities. By combining observed DO data and modeled VET values along the main stem of the Chesapeake Bay, the monthly net bottom DO consumption rate was estimated for 1985–2012. The DO budget model results show that the interannual variations of physical conditions accounts for 88.8% of the interannual variations of observed DO. The high similarity between the VET spatial pattern and the observed DO suggests that physical processes play a key role in regulating the DO condition. Model results also show that long‐term VET has a slight increase in summer, but no statistically significant trend is found. Correlations among southerly wind strength, North Atlantic Oscillation index, and VET demonstrate that the physical condition in the Chesapeake Bay is highly controlled by the large‐scale climate variation. The relationship is most significant during the summer, when the southerly wind dominates throughout the Chesapeake Bay. The seasonal pattern of the averaged net bottom DO consumption rate (
) along the main stem coincides with that of the chlorophyll‐a concentration. A significant correlation between nutrient loading and
suggests that the biological processes in April–May are most sensitive to the nutrient loading.
Recent trends in the Southern Ocean eddy field
Authors: Hogg Andrew McC. , Meredith Michael P. , Chambers Don P. , Abrahamsen E. Povl , Hughes Chris W. , Morrison Adele K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEddies in the Southern Ocean act to moderate the response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) to changes in forcing. An updated analysis of the Southern Ocean satellite altimetry record indicates an increase in eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in recent decades, contemporaneous with a probable decrease in ACC transport. The EKE trend is largest in the Pacific (14.9 ± 4.1 cm2 s−2 per decade) and Indian (18.3 ± 5.1 cm2 s−2 per decade) sectors of the Southern Ocean. We test the hypothesis that variations in wind stress can account for the observed EKE trends using perturbation experiments conducted with idealized high‐resolution ocean models. The decadal increase in EKE is most likely due to continuing increases in the wind stress over the Southern Ocean, albeit with considerable interannual variability superposed. ACC transport correlates well with wind stress on these interannual time scales, but is weakly affected by wind forcing at longer periods. The increasing intensity of the Southern Ocean eddy field has implications for overturning circulation, carbon cycling, and climate.
Sodium Halides as Halogenating Reagents: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Versatile and Practical Halogenation of Aryl Compounds
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Hong Liang , Li Guofeng , Wang Rui 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe report a concise, versatile and practical method for the ortho‐chlorination, ortho‐bromination and ortho‐iodination of aryl compounds. The significant advantage of this transformation is the creation of the carbon‐halogen bond by use of readily available and cheap halide salts as formal nucleophilic halogenating reagents under mild reaction conditions.magnified image
Very Important Publication: Hypoiodite‐Catalyzed Regioselective Oxidation of Alkenes: An Expeditious Access to Aldehydes in Aqueous Micellar Media
Authors: Swamy Peraka , Reddy Marri Mahender , Naresh Mameda , Kumar Macharla Arun , Srujana Kodumuri , Durgaiah Chevella , Narender Nama 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA highly anti‐Markovnikov selective oxidation of alkenes based on in situ generated hypoiodite catalysis in aqueous micellar media under mild conditions has been described. This novel catalytic system realizes an efficient synthesis of aldehydes from alkenes in an economically viable and environmentally safe fashion. The preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via tandem iodofunctionalization/1,2‐aryl or alkyl migration. The scope and limitations of this tandem process are demonstrated with various mono‐ and disubstituted (terminal and internal) olefins.magnified image
Energetic damping in electronic transport simulations on finite systems
Authors: Collet Tim , Schmitteckert Peter 
Published: December 2014

In this paper, an implementation of energetic damping for fermionic transport simulations which respects particle conservation is presented. For this, nonhermitian terms in the Hamiltonian of the system are used. After an explanation of the method, it is demonstrated studying the current over time and I/V characteristics in the noninteracting resonant level model for spinless fermions.image
Thermodynamik und Kinetik in der Nanosynthese
Authors: Wang Yawen , He Jiating , Liu Cuicui , Chong Wen Han , Chen Hongyu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEin Werkzeug aus Stein kann möglicherweise durch Zufall entdeckt werden, aber es erfordert mehr als nur Glück, um ein Auto oder ein Handy zu entwickeln. Mit zunehmenden Fortschritten der Nanowissenschaften verlangt die Synthese der immer aufwendigeren Nanostrukturen nach einem rationalen Design und einem systematischen Ansatz. In diesem Aufsatz plädieren wir für eine Unterscheidung zwischen thermodynamisch und kinetisch kontrollierten Szenarien, oder anders gesagt, nach einer Unterscheidung, ob sich ein Produkt bildet, weil es sich um den stabilsten Zustand handelt oder weil der dahin führende Weg die geringste Barriere aufweist. Unser Ziele sind eine genaue Beschreibung der vielen, gleichzeitig ablaufenden Prozesse bei typischen Nanosynthesen und die Einordnung von mechanistischen Vorschlägen in der Literatur in einen gemeinsamen Rahmen, damit diese sich leichter vergleichen lassen.
Polymerkomposite für thermoelektrische Anwendungen
Authors: McGrail Brendan T. , Sehirlioglu Alp , Pentzer Emily 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDieser Kurzaufsatz berichtet über kürzlich veröffentlichte Polymerkomposite, die einen thermoelektrischen (TE) Effekt zeigen und demzufolge potenzielle Anwendungen als thermoelektrische Generatoren und Peltier‐Kühler haben. Der wachsende Bedarf an Wärmemanagementsystemen und Energiequellen mit verringertem CO2‐Ausstoß lässt die Entwicklung neuer TE‐Materialien zu einer zentralen Herausforderung für Forscher unterschiedlichster Disziplinen werden, besonders in Anbetracht der Verknappung und Toxizität herkömmlicher anorganischer, auf Te und Pb basierender TE‐Materialien. Neueste Veröffentlichungen zu Kompositen mit anorganischen und organischen Additiven in konjugierten und nichtleitenden Polymermatrizes sowie die zur vollständigen Charakterisierung ihrer TE‐Eigenschaften erforderlichen Methoden werden behandelt.
Photochemically Induced Intramolecular Six‐Electron Reductive Elimination and Oxidative Addition of Nitric Oxide by the Nitridoosmate(VIII) Anion
Authors: Thornley Wyatt A. , Bitterwolf Thomas E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUV photolysis of the nitridoosmate(VIII) anion, OsO3N−, in low‐temperature frozen matrices results in nitrogen–oxygen bond formation to give the OsII nitrosyl complex OsO2(NO)−. Photolysis of the OsII nitrosyl product with visible wavelengths results in reversion to the parent OsVIII complex. Formally a six‐electron reductive elimination and oxidative addition, respectively, this represents the first reported example of such an intramolecular transformation. DFT modelling of this reaction proceeds through a step‐wise mechanism taking place through a side‐on nitroxyl OsVI intermediate, OsO2(η2‐NO)−.