bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the Special Issue: The Lives (and Futures) of Black Children and Youth
Authors: Brooms Derrick R , Medford Marcelle M 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
As social science scholarship on Black children and youth continues to expand and explore their experiences, there still remains a need to investigate how families, communities, relationships, and social institutions impact their experiences. The theme for this special issue is inspired in part by our considerations of Black children’s and youth’s present realities and their futures. The editors of this volume are interested in creating space to analyze and theorize the radical possibilities for Black children to flourish in a world that typically ignores, marginalizes, and dismisses their plights and their promise. Privileging the agency of Black youth, the articles in this special issue provide nuanced accounts of how they make sense of many aspects of their lives and futures.
Exosomes derived from umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells exposed to diabetic microenvironment enhance M2 macrophage polarization and protect against diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Su Wanlu , Yin Yaqi , Zhao Jian , Hu Ruofan , Zhang Haixia , Hu Jia , Ren Rui , Zhang Yue , Wang Anning , Lyu Zhaohui , Mu Yiming , Cheng Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe role of mesenchymal‐stem‐cell‐derived exosomes (MSCs‐Exo) in the regulation of macrophage polarization has been recognized in several diseases. There is emerging evidence that MSCs‐Exo partially prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study aimed to investigate whether exosomes secreted by MSCs pre‐treated with a diabetic environment (Exo‐pre) have a more pronounced protective effect against DN by regulating the balance of macrophages. Exo‐pre and Exo‐Con were isolated from the culture medium of UC‐MSCs pre‐treated with a diabetic mimic environment and natural UC‐MSCs, respectively. Exo‐pre and Exo‐Con were injected into the tail veins of db/db mice three times a week for 6 weeks. Serum creatinine and serum urea nitrogen levels, the urinary protein/creatinine ratio, and histological staining were used to determine renal function and morphology. Macrophage phenotypes were analyzed by immunofluorescence, western blotting, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In vitro, lipopolysaccharide‐induced M1 macrophages were incubated separately with Exo‐Con and Exo‐pre. We performed microRNA (miRNA) sequencing to identify candidate miRNAs and predict their target genes. An miRNA inhibitor was used to confirm the role of miRNAs in macrophage modulation. Exo‐pre were more potent than Exo‐Con at alleviating DN. Exo‐pre administration significantly reduced the number of M1 macrophages and increased the number of M2 macrophages in the kidney compared to Exo‐Con administration. Parallel outcomes were observed in the co‐culture experiments. Moreover, miR‐486‐5p was distinctly expressed in Exo‐Con and Exo‐pre groups, and it played an important role in macrophage polarization by targeting PIK3R1 through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Reducing miR‐486‐5p levels in Exo‐pre abolished macrophage polarization modulation. Exo‐pre administration exhibited a superior effect on DN by remodeling the macrophage balance by shuttling miR‐486‐5p, which targets PIK3R1.
Update on antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody vasculitis in children
Authors: Bloom Jessica L. , Wu Eveline Y. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of reviewAntineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is often organ- or life-threatening in children and impacts them during important periods of psychosocial and physical development. This review covers recent advances in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of AAV in children and highlights the ongoing need for funding and increased research collaboration.Recent findingsRecent work has improved our understanding of AAV disease pathogenesis, potentially identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Collaborative clinical studies have also highlighted the variable manifestations in children and identified potential factors associated with poorer outcomes. Consensus-based treatment guidelines are also appearing, but clinical trials are still essential to better understanding treatment efficacy and safety in children affected by AAV. New, validated outcome measures, including those that are patient-reported, will facilitate these much-needed clinical trials in pediatric AAV.SummaryThere is a continued need for more rigorous study in pediatric AAV, however, there is certainly excitement with the increase in recent research relevant to the pediatric population.
Undiagnosed Behçet’s disease presenting as Fournier’s gangrene in undiagnosed Behçet’s disease: a case report of a young adult male
Authors: Hodaifa Yara , Tarcha Raghad , Alghawe Fatima , Btrush Sana , Batha Wafaa , Kudsi Maysoun 
Published: July 2024

Introduction and importance:
Behçet’s disease is a rare systemic condition, with the mean age of patients being ~30 years. It affects men more than women. Behçet’s disease should be considered in any patient with a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent orogenital ulcers and uveitis. Fournier’s gangrene is a rare life-threatening bacterial genital infection that acquires at any age with male predominance.

Case presentation:
A healthy 32-year-old male presented with fatigue, fever, oral ulcers, and discrete scrotal ulcers. He had Fournier’s gangrene and a new diagnosis of Behçet’s disease. He was treated with intravenous antibiotics with surgical debridement. Before discharge, the patient was commenced on 1 mg/day of colchicine. During the follow-up visits, we noted small ulcerations without necrosis on the scrotum, which we started with oral prednisolone and oral methotrexate. He remains under their care 6 months later.

Clinical discussion:
The patient had recurrent oral ulcerations followed by genital aphthous ulceration and acneiform eruptions that met Behçet’s diagnosing criteria. Fournier’s gangrene on the scrotum was diagnosed due to the physical examination, radiological findings, and histological findings. A PubMed search reveals one similar case report. This patient’s only risk factor for Bechet’s was his ethnicity and male gender for Fournier’s gangrene.

Conclusion:
The young adult patient presented unusually, with a diagnosis of Fournier’s gangrene superimposed on undiagnosed Behçet’s disease. An understanding of the epidemiology and risk factors can help in the diagnosis of these rare pathologies.
Evaluating Child Passenger Restraint Use Education
Authors: Marsala Jeanne , Hightower Todd , Stucke Sheri , Trujillo Brittany , Malone Cheryl , Bertolani Jennifer , Jacobs Justin , Silverberg David , Rivera Nancy , Fiore Nicholas 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Despite recommendations and laws for child restraint use in motor vehicles, evidence of low restraint use remains, and there is a lack of evidence addressing the effectiveness of restraint use education.

OBJECTIVE:
This project aims to measure the impact of an education initiative on child passenger restraint use.

METHODS:
This pre- and postintervention study was conducted in six elementary schools in a Southwestern U.S. metropolitan area over 5 months from October 2022 to March 2023. Motor vehicle restraint use was collected from occupants arriving at elementary schools during the morning drop-off times. Participants were provided one-on-one education regarding child passenger safety guidelines and state laws. Comparison data were collected 1–3 weeks later at the same schools to evaluate the education provided.

RESULTS:
A total of 1,671 occupants in 612 vehicles were observed across six schools, with 343 adults and 553 children preintervention and 306 adults and 469 children postintervention. Overall restraint adherence in children improved postintervention from 42.3% to 56.1%, a 32.6% increase (p = < .001). In the primary age group of 4–8 years, restraint adherence improved postintervention from 34.8% to 54.2%, a 55.8% increase (p = <.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
The study results demonstrate that one-on-one education increases child passenger restraint use.
Outcome of patients with complete cleft lip and alveolus: 20-year follow-up
Authors: Hattori Yoshitsugu , Pai Betty Chien-Jung , Saito Takafumi , Chou Pang-Yun , Lu Ting-Chen , Chang Chun-Shin , Chen Yu-Ray , Lo Lun-Jou 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Patients with cleft have functional and aesthetic impairment, and typically require several interventions as they grow. Long-term evaluation following a treatment protocol is essential, but such reports on patients with complete cleft lip and alveolus (CLA) are sparse in the literature.

Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted to all patients with complete CLA born between January 1995 and August 2002 and treated at our center. Patients who received continuous multidisciplinary team care until 20 years of age were included, and patients with cleft palate and syndromic abnormalities were excluded. Facial bone growth was evaluated using cephalometric analysis.

Results:
Eighty-seven and 11 patients with unilateral and bilateral CLA (UCLA and BCLA) were included respectively. All patients received one-stage cheiloplasty with primary rhinoplasty. Revisional lip/nose surgery was performed in 21.8 and 27.3% during growing age, and in 51.7 and 72.7% after skeletal maturity. Orthognathic surgery was performed in 20.7 and 27.3%. Compared with UCLA patients, BCLA had larger number of operations (3.0 versus 3.7, p = 0.03) and higher chance of receiving alveolar bone grafting twice (1.1% versus 36.4%, p < 0.01). Patients with complete CLA had less hypoplastic maxilla, and received smaller number of operations than complete cleft lip and palate.

Conclusion:
Complete CLA is a less severe form of cleft, but the patients still require multiple interventions. This review revealed certain suboptimal results, and modifications have been made in the treatment protocol. Longitudinal follow-up and periodic assessment help to establish an ideal therapeutic strategy and improve overall cleft care.
Dynamic Changes of the Genital Hiatus at the Time of Prolapse Surgery: 1-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Chang Olivia H. , Ferrando Cecile A. , Paraiso Marie Fidela R. , Propst Katie 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceThe genital hiatus (GH) has been identified as a predictor of pelvic organ prolapse. An enlarged preoperative GH is a risk factor for recurrent prolapse after surgery.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the changes in preoperative and postoperative GH size compared with the intraoperative resting GH at 6 weeks and 12 months after native-tissue pelvic organ prolapse surgery.Study DesignThis was a descriptive analysis of a prospective cohort study of women undergoing native-tissue prolapse repair with apical suspension. Resting GH was obtained at the start and conclusion of surgery. Measurements were obtained preoperatively, and 6 weeks and 12 months postoperatively under Valsalva maneuver. Comparisons were made using pairedttests for the following time points: (1) preoperative measurements under Valsalva maneuver to resting presurgery measurements under anesthesia, and (2) resting postsurgery measurements under anesthesia to 6 weeks and 12 months postoperatively under Valsalva maneuver.ResultsSixty-seven patients were included, with a median age of 66 years and median body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 29.1. There was no significant difference in GH when measured preoperatively to resting presurgical measurements under anesthesia (P= 0.60). For all, the median GH was 3.0 cm at the conclusion of surgery and remained at 3.0 cm at 6 weeks and 12 months postoperatively. In patients who had a concurrent posterior colporrhaphy, the median resting postsurgery GH was 3.0 cm, then decreased to 2.5 cm at 6 weeks then 3.5 cm at 12 months under Valsalva.ConclusionsPreoperative GH size under Valsalva maneuver and resting under anesthesia were comparable. For all patients undergoing native-tissue pelvic organ prolapse repair, the genital hiatus size remains the same from the intraoperative final resting measurements to the 6-week and 12-month measurements under Valsalva maneuver.
Recent insights in striated muscle laminopathies
Authors: Leconte Marine , Bonne Gisèle , Bertrand Anne T. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
To highlight recent insights in different aspects of striated muscle laminopathies (SMLs) related to LMNA mutations.

Recent findings
Clinical and genetic studies allow better patient management and diagnosis, with confirmation of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTA) risk prediction score to help with ICD implantation and development of models to help with classification of LMNA variants of uncertain significance. From a pathophysiology perspective, characterization of lamin interactomes in different contexts revealed new lamin A/C partners. Expression or function modulation of these partners evidenced them as potential therapeutic targets. After a positive phase 2, the first phase 3 clinical trial, testing a p38 inhibitor targeting the life-threatening cardiac disease of SML, has been recently stopped, thus highlighting the need for new therapeutic approaches together with new animal and cell models.

Summary
Since the first LMNA mutation report in 1999, lamin A/C structure and functions have been actively explored to understand the SML pathophysiology. The latest discoveries of partners and altered pathways, highlight the importance of lamin A/C at the nuclear periphery and in the nucleoplasm. Modulation of altered pathways allowed some benefits, especially for cardiac involvement. However, additional studies are still needed to fully assess treatment efficacy and safety.
Biomolecular condensates can function as inherent catalysts
Authors: Guo Xiao , Farag Mina , Qian Naixin , Yu Xia , Ni Anton , Ma Yuefeng , Yu Wen , King Matthew R. , Liu Vicky , Lee Joonho , Zare Richard N. , Min Wei , Pappu Rohit V. , Dai Yifan 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYWe report the discovery that chemical reactions such as ATP hydrolysis can be catalyzed by condensates formed by intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which themselves lack any intrinsic ability to function as enzymes. This inherent catalytic feature of condensates derives from the electrochemical environments and the electric fields at interfaces that are direct consequences of phase separation. The condensates we studied were capable of catalyzing diverse hydrolysis reactions, including hydrolysis and radical-dependent breakdown of ATP whereby ATP fully decomposes to adenine and multiple carbohydrates. This distinguishes condensates from naturally occurring ATPases, which can only catalyze the dephosphorylation of ATP. Interphase and interfacial properties of condensates can be tuned via sequence design, thus enabling control over catalysis through sequence-dependent electrochemical features of condensates. Incorporation of hydrolase-like synthetic condensates into live cells enables activation of transcriptional circuits that depend on products of hydrolysis reactions. Inherent catalytic functions of condensates, which are emergent consequences of phase separation, are likely to affect metabolic regulation in cells.
Vestigial like 4 regulates the adipogenesis of classical brown adipose tissue
Authors: Zhou Pingzhu , Kessinger Chase W. , Gu Fei , Davenport Amanda , King Justin S. , Wang Genyu , Negron Steven G. , Deplancke Bart , Pu William T. , Lin Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBrown adipose tissue (BAT) is mammals’ primary non-shivering thermogenesis organ, and the molecular mechanisms regulating BAT growth and adipogenesis are largely unknown. The Hippo-YAP pathway has been well-known for controlling organ size, and Vestigial like 4 (VGLL4) is a transcriptional regulator that modulates the Hippo-YAP pathway by competing against YAP for binding to TEAD proteins. In this study, we dissected the function of VGLL4 in regulating BAT development. We generated a conventionalVgll4mutant mouse line, in which the two Tondu (TDU) domains of VGLL4 were disrupted. We found that deletion of the TDU domains of VGLL4 resulted in perinatal lethality and paucity of the interscapular BAT. Histological and magnetic resonance imaging studies confirmed that the adipogenesis of BAT was impaired inVgll4mutants. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated, brown adipocyte-specific overexpression of VGLL4 increased BAT volume and protected the adult male mice from acute cold stress. Genomic studies suggest that VGLL4/TEAD1 complex directly regulates the myogenic and adipogenic gene expression programs of BAT. In conclusion, our data identify VGLL4 as a previously unrecognized adipogenesis factor that regulates classical BAT development.
Clinical implication of time of stroke among post stroke survivors from eastern India: A circadian perspective
Authors: Sadhukhan Dipanwita , Roy Arunima , Banerjee Tapas Kumar , Krishnan Prasad , Maitra Piyali Sen , Mukherjee Joydeep , Ghosh Kartick Chandra , Hui Subhra Prakash , Biswas Arindam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe circadian variation in stroke occurrence is a well-documented phenomenon. However, the circadian effect on stroke outcome, particularly on post-stroke cognition, is not yet been fully elucidated.Aims and objectiveWe aim to evaluate the influence of diurnal variation of stroke onset upon post-stroke cognition and development of post-stroke depression.Materials and MethodsBased on 4-hourly time period of stroke occurrence, 249 recruited cohorts were categorized into 6 groups. Several clinical and cognitive parameters were compared among the groups. Then, the mRNA expression of core clock genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells were quantified and correlated with post stroke outcome among 24 acute phase cases with day-time or night-time stroke occurrence. Furthermore, the genetic susceptibility towards higher number of cases in morning were examined by genotypingCLOCK(rs1801260T/C, rs4580704G/C) andCRY2(rs2292912C/G) genes variants in cases and 292 controls.Results and conclusionAmong the six subgroups, the subgroup-1 represents the nocturnal-onset stroke cases; they were identified to have higher NIHSS score (12.2±5.67) at the time of admission than other subgroups (8.73±5.92). In the same cohort, more number of diabetic individuals with higher fasting blood sugar level (186.57±93.40) was also observed. After 6 months, those with nocturnal-onset stroke had higher prevalence of language impairment and depression score. A significant decrease in mRNA level ofBMAL1andCRY1genes correlated with raw score for language and depression; data in nocturnal onset cases further established our observation. However, the higher incidence of stroke in day time did not reveal any genetic correlation.
A study of the visualization of artificial intelligence applications in chronic kidney disease in the literature over the last 20 years
Authors: Li Yudi , Ding Ying , Xu Yan , Meng Haoji , Wu Hongji , Li Donglin , Hu Yibo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem characterized by persistent kidney damage or loss of kidney function. Previously, the diagnosis of CKD has mainly relied on serum creatinine and estimation of the glomerular filtration rate. However, with the development and progress of artificial intelligence (AI), AI has played different roles in various fields, such as early diagnosis, progression prediction, prediction of associated risk factors, and drug safety and efficacy evaluation. Therefore, research related to the application of AI in the field of CKD has become a hot topic at present. Therefore, this study adopts a bibliometric approach to study and analyze the development and evolution patterns and research hotspots of AI-CKD. English publications related to the field between January 1, 2004, and June 27, 2024, were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The research hotspots and trends of AI-CKD were analyzed at multiple levels, including publication trends, authors, institutions, countries, references and keywords, using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. The results showed that a total of 203 publications on AI-CKD were included in the study, of which Barbieri Carlo from the University of Milan, Italy, had the highest number of publications (NP=5) and had a high academic impact (H-Index=5), while the USA and its institution, the Mayo Clinic, were the publications. The USA and its Mayo Clinic are the countries and institutions with the highest number of publications, and China is the country with the second highest number of publications, with three institutions attributed to China among the top five institutions. Germany’s institution, Fresenius Medical Care, has the highest academic impact (H-index=6). Keyword analysis yielded artificial intelligence, chronic kidney disease, machine learning, prediction model, risk, deep learning, and other keywords with high frequency, and cluster analysis based on the timeline yielded a total of 8 machine learning, deep learning, retinal microvascular abnormality, renal failure, Bayesian network, anemia, bone disease, and allograft nephropathology clusters. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research and global frontiers of AI-CKD through bibliometric analysis. These findings can provide a valuable reference and guidance for researchers.
Memory B cell proliferation drives differences in neutralising responses between ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
Authors: Hodgson David , Liu Yi , Carolan Louise , Mahanty Siddhartha , Subbarao Kanta , Sullivan Sheena G. , Fox Annette , Kucharski Adam 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTVaccination against COVID-19 has been pivotal in reducing the global burden of the disease. However, Phase III trial results and observational studies underscore differences in efficacy across vaccine technologies and dosing regimens. Notably, mRNA vaccines have exhibited superior effectiveness compared to Adenovirus (AdV) vaccines, especially with extended dosing intervals. Using in-host mechanistic modelling, this study elucidates these variations and unravels the biological mechanisms shaping the immune responses at the cellular level. We used data on the change in memory B cells, plasmablasts, and antibody titres after the second dose of a COVID-19 vaccine for Australian healthcare workers. Alongside this dataset, we constructed a kinetic model of humoral immunity which jointly captured the dynamics of multiple immune markers, and integrated hierarchical effects into this kinetics model, including age, dosing schedule, and vaccine type. Our analysis estimated that mRNA vaccines induced 2.1 times higher memory B cell proliferation than AdV vaccines after adjusting for age, interval between doses and priming dose. Additionally, extending the duration between the second vaccine dose and priming dose beyond 28 days boosted neutralising antibody production per plasmablast concentration by 30%. We also found that antibody responses after the second dose were more persistent when mRNA vaccines were used over AdV vaccines and for longer dosing regimens. Reconstructing in-host kinetics in response to vaccination could help optimise vaccine dosing regimens, improve vaccine efficacy in different population groups, and inform the design of future vaccines for enhanced protection against emerging pathogens.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThere are differences in vaccine efficacy across different SARS-CoV-2 vaccine technologies and dosing regimens. Using an in-host mechanistic model that describes antibody production fitting to in-host immune markers, we found that mRNA vaccines are twice as effective at stimulating memory B cell proliferation when compared to AdVs vaccines and that a longer time between the second vaccine dose and priming dose increases the neutralising antibody production per plasmablast concentration. These findings disentangle the effect of vaccine type and time since the priming dose, aiding in the understanding of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.