bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taking the bite out of culture: The impact of task structure and task type on overcoming impediments to cross‐cultural team performance
Authors: Nouri Rikki , Erez Miriam , Rockstuhl Thomas , Ang Soon , Leshem‐Calif Lee , Rafaeli Anat 
Published: June 2013

SummaryResearch on the effect of cultural diversity on team performance remains inconclusive. We propose to resolve the competing predictions of the information/decision making versus the social categorization theories by integrating two task‐related theories, the situational strength theory and the circumplex model of group tasks. We propose that high task specificity enables similar interpretations and shared understanding among team members, which is needed for effective “execute” (convergent) tasks, is characterized by team cooperation and interdependence. Low task specificity, in contrast, is beneficial for “generate” (creative) tasks, because it does not place constraints on generating original ideas and does not require tight coordination among the team members. We tested the effects of situational strength and task type on the relationship between cultural diversity and team performance in two experiments with 86 and 96 dyads in the first and second experiments, respectively. In both experiments, heterogeneous (Israeli–Singaporean) and homogeneous dyads (Israeli–Israeli and Singaporean–Singaporean) worked under low or high task specificity. In Study 1, dyads performed convergent execution tasks, and in Study 2, they performed creative idea‐generation tasks. The impediment of multiculturalism was reduced in execute (convergent) tasks under high task specificity and in generate (divergent) tasks under low task specificity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo loading model to examine bone adaptation in humans: A pilot study
Authors: Troy Karen L. , Edwards William Brent , Bhatia Varun A. , Bareither Mary Lou 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTBone is typically well suited for its habitual loading environment because of its ability to adapt. Although characteristics of the mechanical loading environment predict the bone adaptive response in animals, this has not been prospectively validated in humans. Here, we describe an in vivo loading model in which women apply forces to the radius by leaning onto their hand. We characterized the strain environment imposed on the radius using cadaveric experimentation and conducted a prospective study in which 19 adult women loaded their distal radii 50 cycles/day, 3 days/week, for 28 weeks and seven additional adult women served as controls. In four cadaveric specimens, loading caused compressive principal strains of −1,695 ± 396 μϵ with radial bending dorsally and towards the ulna. Prospective in vivo loading produced measurable improvements to bone and appeared to protect against bone loss associated with seasonal fluctuations in physical activity and sun exposure. Experimental subjects had significant gains to bone volume (BV) and moments of inertia, while, control subjects had significant losses in BMC and moments of inertia. The loading model is thus suitable as a model system for exploring bone adaptation in humans, and may eventually be clinically useful for strengthening the radius of women. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1406–1413, 2013.
From phenolics to phenolipids: Optimizing antioxidants in lipid dispersions
Authors: Figueroa‐Espinoza Maria Cruz , Laguerre Mickaël , Villeneuve Pierre , Lecomte Jérôme 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNatural non‐polymeric phenolics are known to be powerful antioxidants, but their use for preventing lipid oxidation in unsaturated fat‐based products, such as foodstuffs and cosmetics, is limited owing to their hydrophilic character. A promising technique – referred to as lipophilization – consists of covalently grafting a lipid moiety to the phenolic part to improve both surface activity and oil solubility of a given phenolic antioxidant. After being based on empiricism for decades, the lipophilization of phenolics is today more rationalized, as recent advances in the field have shown that the grafting of a medium chain‐length is the best strategy to design powerful, custom‐made phenolic antioxidants to protect lipid dispersion against oxidation. To illustrate, we report here the main strategies in the lipophilization of phenolic acids, the effect of such modification on the antioxidant properties, and current and potential applications of the resulting phenolipids.
Pinolenic acid as a new source of phyto‐polyunsaturated fatty acid
Authors: No Da Som , Kim In‐Hwan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPinolenic acid (PLA, all‐cis‐5,9,12‐18:3) is an interesting plant‐based polyunsaturated fatty acid of which little is known. The major source of PLA is pine nut oil. PLA has distinctive health benefits such as LDL/VLDL cholesterol lowering potential and displays an appetite suppressing effect. Enrichment of PLA can be carried out by physical procedures or by enzymatic reactions with lipases such as Candida antartica lipase B and Candida rugosa lipase.
The Solvent in Physical Gelation: Polymers Versus Organogelators
Authors: Dasgupta Debarshi , Guenet Jean‐Michel 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe mechanisms responsible for the physical gelation of polymers and of organogelators are discussed and compared. For polymers, the prerequisite for obtaining fibrillar thermoreversible gels is the impediment of chain folding. This occurs when polymers take on a worm‐like chain conformation with a large persistence length. This property can be intrinsic to the polymer, such as agarose, or can be obtained by the occurrence of polymer–solvent molecular compounds, as is the case for stereoregular polymers. For organogels, it is suggested that the mechanism for producing fibrils involves the much faster growth of one face of the organogel crystal structure with respect to the other two, which can be enhanced via specific interactions with the solvent, something reminiscent of molecular compounds.magnified image
The +3187A/G HLA‐G polymorphic site is associated with polar forms and reactive reaction in leprosy
Authors: Lucena‐Silva N. , Teixeira M. A. G. , Ramos A. de L. , de Albuquerque R. S. , Diniz G. T. N. , Mendes‐Junior C. T. , Castelli E. C. , Donadi E. A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractConsidering that variability in immune response genes has been associated with susceptibility to leprosy and with disease severity, leprosy presents clinicopathological variants that are highly associated with the immune response, HLA‐G has a well‐recognized role in the modulation of the immune response, and polymorphisms at the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the HLA‐G gene may influence HLA‐G production, we studied the polymorphic sites at the 3′ UTR of the HLA‐G gene in leprosy and their association with disease severity. We evaluated by sequencing analysis the allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies of the 3′ UTR HLA‐G polymorphic sites (14‐bpINDEL/+3003C‐T/+3010C‐G/+3027A‐C/+3035C‐T/+3142C‐G/+3187A‐G/+3196C‐G) in 146 individuals presenting reactive leprosy from a highly endemic area, and associated with bacillary load and the type of reactive leprosy. A total of 128 healthy subjects were also studied. Allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies for the 3′ UTR HLA‐G polymorphisms in leprosy patients did not differ from those observed in healthy donors. The +3187A allele was responsible for protection against the development of multibacillary leprosy in a dominant model (AA + AG)/GG, OR = 0.11, P = 0.018), and the +3187A allele and +3187A‐A genotype were overrepresented in type II reactive leprosy reaction. The effect of genetic factors on leprosy susceptibility may be hidden by environmental components in highly endemic areas. The HLA‐G + 3187A polymorphic site, which is related to unstable mRNA production, was associated with the development of polar forms of leprosy and reactive leprosy reaction.
Repulsive guidance molecules (RGMs) and neogenin in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling
Authors: Tian Chenxi , Liu Jun 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the transforming growth factor‐beta (TGFβ) superfamily. BMPs mediate a highly conserved signal transduction cascade through the type‐I and type‐II serine/threonine kinase receptors and intracellular Smad proteins, which regulate multiple developmental and homeostatic processes. Mutations in this pathway can cause various diseases in humans, such as skeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and various cancers. Multiple levels of regulation, including extracellular regulation, help to ensure proper spatiotemporal control of BMP signaling in the right cellular context. The family of repulsive guidance molecules (RGMs) and the type‐I transmembrane protein neogenin, a paralog of DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Cancer), have been implicated in modulating the BMP pathway. In this review, we discuss the properties and functions of RGM proteins and neogenin, focusing on their roles in the modulation of BMP signal transduction. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 700–717, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vascular pattern in monochorionic placentas with spontaneous TAPS and TTTS with residual anastomoses after laser: a case–control study
Authors: Favre Romain , Koch Antoine , Weingertner Aenn‐Sophie , Sananes Nicolas , Trieu Ngoc Tu , Kohler Monique , Guerra Fernando , Nisand Israel 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the angio‐architecture of monochorionic placentas of spontaneous twin anaemia–polycythemia sequence (TAPS) with placenta of twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) with residual anastomoses after laser coagulation and placentas of uncomplicated monochorionic twin pregnancies.MethodsThis case–control study compares the angio‐architecture of monochorionic placentas of spontaneous TAPS (n = 12) with that of monochorionic placentas of TTTS treated by laser coagulation with residual anastomoses (TTTS + RA; n = 20) and placentas of monochorionic pregnancies without complications (n = 24), matched for gestational age. Placental sharing and angio‐architecture were assessed by injection of colored dye.ResultsThe median diameter of the arterio‐venous (AV) anastomoses in TAPS placentas was 2.26, 0.215 with TTTS + RA and 4.17 mm in normal monochorionic pregnancies (p < .03). The mean diameter of the arterio‐arterial (AA) anastomoses in monochorionic placentas with spontaneous TAPS was 0.2 mm versus 0.15 mm in TTTS + RA and 2.0 mm in normal pregnancies, respectively (p < 0.03, p < 0.007). The number of AA anastomoses was lower with TAPS (0.3 versus 0.50 and 1, respectively, p < 0.015, p < 0.0001). Besides, unequal sharing was more frequent in TAPS as compared with monochorionic normal pregnancies (75% versus 29%, p = 0.03).ConclusionAge matched placentas of spontaneous TAPS are characterized by very small AV anastomoses and very few AA anastomoses of smaller diameter than placentas of monochorionic twins with TTTS or without obvious complications. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a female attractant for the click beetle pest Agriotes brevis
Authors: Vuts József , Furlan Lorenzo , Csonka Éva Bálintné , Woodcock Christine M , Caulfield John C , Mayon Patrick , Pickett John A , Birkett Michael A , Tóth Miklós 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDTraps suitable for catching female Agriotes click beetles may provide better reconnaissance than pheromone‐baited traps which catch only males, thereby contributing to more efficient crop protection. The basis for this study came from (i) observations of female Agriotes brevis (Candeze) aggregating beneath foliage of Medicago sativa (L.) and Lolium italicum (A. Br.) placed on plastic sheets on bare soil, and (ii) field tests demonstrating attraction of females to traps baited with foliage from these plants. The aim was to identify and field test volatile compounds from M. sativa and L. italicum leaves.RESULTSA number of electrophysiologically active chemicals were identified from headspace extracts of M. sativa and L. italicum. Three different synthetic blends of the identified compounds, comprising four, seven and nine components, were field tested. The four‐ and nine‐component blends caught more female A. brevis than unbaited traps, with the proportion of females not differing between blends.CONCLUSIONThe plant‐derived blends were shown to catch female A. brevis under field conditions when applied in traps. Of these, the four‐component blend, given its relatively simple composition [(Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate:methyl benzoate:(Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol:methyl salicylate 300:5:30:30 mg bait−1], may be a suitable ‘standard’ blend for bait optimisation. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
First‐trimester contingent screening for trisomy 21 by biomarkers and maternal blood cell‐free DNA testing
Authors: Nicolaides K. H. , Wright D. , Poon L. C. , Syngelaki A. , Gil M. M. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo define risk cut‐offs with corresponding detection rates (DR) and false‐positive rates (FPR) in screening for trisomy 21 using maternal age and combinations of first‐trimester biomarkers in order to determine which women should undergo contingent maternal blood cell‐free (cf) DNA testing.MethodsFrom singleton pregnancies undergoing screening for aneuploidies at three UK hospitals between March 2006 and May 2012, we analyzed prospectively collected data on the following biomarkers: fetal nuchal translucency thickness (NT) and ductus venosus pulsatility index for veins (DV‐PIV) at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation and serum free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG), pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A), placental growth factor (PlGF) and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) at 8 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks. Estimates of risk cut‐offs, DRs and FPRs were derived for combinations of biomarkers and these were used to define the best strategy for contingent cfDNA testing.ResultsIn contingent screening, detection of 98% of fetuses with trisomy 21 at an overall invasive testing rate < 0.5% can be potentially achieved by offering cfDNA testing to about 36%, 21% and 11% of cases identified by first‐line screening using the combined test alone, using the combined test with the addition of serum PlGF and AFP and using the combined test with the addition of PlGF, AFP and DV‐PIV, respectively.ConclusionsEffective first‐trimester screening for trisomy 21, with DR of 98% and invasive testing rate < 0.5%, can be potentially achieved by contingent screening incorporating biomarkers and cfDNA testing. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Frontiers in free‐energy calculations of biological systems
Authors: Chipot Christophe 
Published: June 2013

In a matter of three decades, free‐energy calculations have emerged as an indispensable tool to tackle deep biological questions that experiment alone has left unresolved. In spite of recent advances on the hardware front that have pushed back the limitations of brute‐force molecular dynamics simulations, opening the way to time and size scales hitherto never attained, they represent a cogent alternative to access with unparalleled accuracy the thermodynamics and possibly the kinetics that underlie the complex processes of the cell machinery. From a pragmatic perspective, the present review draws a picture of how the field has been shaped and invigorated by milestone developments, application, and sometimes rediscovery of foundational principles laid down years ago to reach new frontiers in the exploration of intricate biological phenomena. Through a series of illustrative examples, distinguishing between alchemical and geometrical transformations, it discusses how far free‐energy calculations have come, what are the current hurdles they have to overcome, and the challenges they are facing for tomorrow. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2014, 4:71–89. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1157This article is categorized under:

Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Free Energy Methods
Binary Decavanadate‐Betaine Composite Materials of Potential Anticarcinogenic Activity
Authors: Kioseoglou Efrosini , Gabriel Catherine , Petanidis Savvas , Psycharis Vassilis , Raptopoulou Catherine P. , Terzis Aris , Salifoglou Athanasios 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPoised to investigate the association of vanadium with physiological substrates in materials capable of exerting anticancer biological activity, pH‐specific synthetic chemical reactivity between vanadium and triethyl ammonium acetate/trigonelline in aqueous and mixed organic‐aqueous media led to the isolation of three new binary composite materials, namely K2[(MeN(+)C5H4COOH)2][V10O28H2]·2H2O (1), [(H2N(+)Me2)4][V10O28H2][Me3N(+)CH2COO(–)]2 (2), and [(Me3N(+)CH2COOH)4][V10O28H2][Me3N(+)CH2COO(–)]2·2H2O (3). 1–3 were characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, Cyclic voltammetry, TGA‐DTG, and X‐ray crystallography. In all three compounds, the [V10O28H2]4– core unit is a common cluster assembly, with the vanadium in the +5 oxidation state. The counteracting cationic assembly in each composite material originates in the betaine starting reagent or the solvent out of which the materials crystallized. Biological activity studies of 1 and 3 in vitro in MCF‐7 breast epithelial and A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell cultures show that both materials inhibit the viability of both cell lines in a dose‐dependent fashion, in juxtaposition to the behavior of the betaine components present in these materials. Collectively, the herein studies a) reveal the uniquely defined synthetic methodologies and physicochemical properties of the variably assembled [V10O28H2]4– core units crystallized into the composite binary polyoxovanadate‐betaine lattice structures, b) unravel the distinct cytotoxicity profile of the composite materials toward MCF‐7 and A549 cells, and c) attest to their future potential as metallodrugs of pharmacological significance in anticancer activity.
Leaf carbon isotope ratio and water use efficiency of urban roadside trees in summer in Kyoto city
Authors: Kagotani Yuichi , Fujino Kousuke , Kazama Takahito , Hanba Yuko T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe effect of summer climate on leaf carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of the major roadside tree species Prunus × yedoensis (P. yedoensis) was investigated in Kyoto city, Japan, to explore the implications for alterations in urban environments. Temperature and the vapor pressure deficit were higher at sites of higher traffic volumes, possibly affected by a heat island effect. The leaf δ13C of P. yedoensis trees was affected strongly by leaf carbon isotope discrimination (Δ), with much less effect of δ13C on atmospheric CO2. Leaf Δ values in the summer were smaller at sites of higher traffic volumes with high atmospheric temperatures, suggesting a higher long‐term water use efficiency (WUE) at these sites. Gas exchange measurements of P. yedoensis leaves indeed suggested a higher intrinsic WUE at sites of higher traffic volumes with high atmospheric temperatures. These results suggest that leaf Δ is related to the response of WUE to summer climates, and that leaf δ13C in urban areas is a useful tracer for understanding the influences of urban environments on plant photosynthetic processes.
The Effectiveness of Fish Oil Supplementation in Asthmatic Rats is Limited by an Inefficient Action on ASM Function
Authors: Miranda D. T. S. Z. , Zanatta A. L. , Dias B. C. L. , Fogaça R. T. H. , Maurer J. B. B. , Donatti L. , Calder P. C. , Nishiyama A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEpisodes of acute exacerbation are the major clinical feature of asthma and therefore represent an important focus for developing novel therapies for this disease. There are many reports that the n‐3 fatty acids found in fish oil exert anti‐inflammatory effects, but there are few studies of the action of fish oil on airway smooth muscle (ASM) function. In the present investigation, we evaluated the effect of fish oil supplementation on smooth muscle force of contraction in ovalbumin‐induced asthmatic Wistar rats, and its consequences on static lung compliance, mucus production, leukocyte chemotaxis and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Fish oil supplementation suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung in asthmatic animals (2.04 ± 0.19 × 106 cells vs. 3.33 ± 0.43 × 106 cells in the control asthmatic group; P < 0.05). Static lung compliance increased with fish oil supplementation in asthmatic rats (0.640 ± 0.053 mL/cm H2O vs. 0.399 ± 0.043 mL/cm H2O; P < 0.05). However, fish oil did not prevent asthma‐associated lung eosinophilia and did not affect the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β in lung tissue or the proportion of the airways obliterated with mucus. Fish oil had no effect on the force of contraction in asthmatic rats in response to acetylcholine (3.026 ± 0.274 mN vs. 2.813 ± 0.364 mN in the control asthmatic group). In conclusion, although fish oil exerts some benefits in this model of asthma, its effectiveness appears to be limited by an inefficient action on airway smooth muscle function.
CHARACTER CLUSTERS FOR LIE ALGEBRA MODULES OVER A FIELD OF NONZERO CHARACTERISTIC
Authors: BARNES DONALD W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFor a Lie algebra $L$ over an algebraically closed field $F$ of nonzero characteristic, every finite dimensional $L$-module can be decomposed into a direct sum of submodules such that all composition factors of a summand have the same character. Using the concept of a character cluster, this result is generalised to fields which are not algebraically closed. Also, it is shown that if the soluble Lie algebra $L$ is in the saturated formation $\mathfrak{F}$ and if $V, W$ are irreducible $L$-modules with the same cluster and the $p$-operation vanishes on the centre of the $p$-envelope used, then $V, W$ are either both $\mathfrak{F}$-central or both $\mathfrak{F}$-eccentric. Clusters are used to generalise the construction of induced modules.
ADDITION TO ‘AN UPPER BOUND FOR THE NUMBER OF ODD MULTIPERFECT NUMBERS’
Authors: YUAN PINGZHI , ZHANG ZHONGFENG 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe main result in the earlier paper (by the first author) is improved as follows. The number of odd multiperfect numbers with at most $r$ distinct prime factors is bounded by ${4}^{{r}^{2} } / {2}^{r+ 2} (r- 1)!$.
Different emergence phenology of European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on six varieties of grapes
Authors: Thiéry D. , Monceau K. , Moreau J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe phenology of insect emergence affects reproductive success and is especially critical in short-lived species. An increasing number of studies have documented the effects of thermal and other climatic variations and of unpredictable habitats on the timing of adult insect emergence within and between populations and years. Numerous interacting factors may affect the phenology of adult emergence. Host-plant quality and availability is a key factor that has been largely neglected in studies of the phenology of phytophagous insects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of host plant characteristics on the rate of larval growth and the pattern of emergence in a wild population ofLobesia botrana(European grapevine moth), a significant pest in European vineyards. The phenology of emergence differed significantly among the six tested varieties of grapes. The percentage of bunches harboring pupae was similar among the different grape varieties, and the total number of pupae collected was similar to the number of emerging adults per bunch. Among the six varieties of grapes, 0–25 pupae were produced on each bunch. Each of the grape varieties had a single wave of emergence, in which males emerged before females, but their emergence phenology differed significantly in Chardonnay, Chasselas, and Pinot grapes. Both genders had extended durations of emergence in Merlot grapes. Together, the present results show that the characteristics of the grape host plant affect the emergence phenology ofL. botrana.