bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sense‐making across space and time: Implications for the organization and findability of information
Authors: Narayan Bhuva , Olsson Michael 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper presents the results from a study of information behaviors, with specific focus on information organisation‐related behaviours conducted as part of a larger daily diary study with 34 participants. The findings indicate that organization of information in everyday life is a problematic area due to various factors. The self‐evident one is the inter‐subjectivity between the person who may have organized the information and the person looking for that same information (Berlin et. al., 1993). Increasingly though, we are not just looking for information within collections that have been designed by someone else, but within our own personal collections of information, which frequently include books, electronic files, photos, records, documents, desktops, web bookmarks, and portable devices. The passage of time between when we categorized or classified the information, and the time when we look for the same information, poses several problems of intra‐subjectivity, or the difference between our own past and present perceptions of the same information. Information searching, and hence the retrieval of information from one's own collection of information in everyday life involved a spatial and temporal coordination with one's own past selves in a sort of cognitive and affective time travel, just as organizing information is a form of anticipatory coordination with one's future information needs. This has implications for finding information and also on personal information management.
Exact versus estimated pruning of subject hierarchies
Authors: Julien Charles‐Antoine , Tirilly Pierre 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMany large digital collections are organized by subject; these useful information organization structures are large and complex, thus difficult to browse. Current online tools and visualization prototypes show small localized subsets and do not provide the ability to explore the predominant patterns of the overall subject structure. This study builds on existing work concerning automatic subject hierarchy modification techniques that aim to facilitate browsing for documents by capitalizing on the highly uneven distribution of real‐world collections. Specifically, previous work used an estimation of the number of accessible documents offered by each subject term, while the current study uses the exact number of accessible documents. The impact is demonstrated on a large collection organized using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Results show that, although computationally more demanding, pruning the MeSH hierarchy based on the exact access produces a different subject hierarchy under some conditions. The visual impact is demonstrated using traditional outline views. This study has implications for the development of information organization theory and human‐information interaction techniques for subject hierarchies.
Relationship between cognitive styles and users' task performance in two information systems
Authors: Yuan Xiaojun , Liu Jingjing 
Published: May 2014

AbstractStudies have shown that cognitive styles have some impacts on user performance in various types of systems. The current study focused on the effects of cognitive styles on users' information‐seeking task performance between an information visualization system and a generic information system. Thirty‐two graduate students participated in a controlled laboratory experiment. Each of them completed an extended cognitive style analysis ‐ wholistic analytic test (Extended CSA‐WA test) on cognitive style, and then conducted eight information search tasks, four analytical and four aspectual, in one of two systems: a text‐based system, Web of Science, or a visualization system called CiteSpace. Results demonstrated that users' cognitive styles showed effect on task performance. The Wholistic‐Analytic (WA) ratio obtained from the CSA‐WA test was shown to be significantly correlated with result correctness for analytical tasks. Users with lower WA ratios were also found to have significant lower result satisfaction for analytical tasks than for aspectual tasks. Also, we found significant system effect on users' search performance. These results indicate that cognitive style is an important factor affecting users' performance, so is system interface design. Research in both areas provides valuable indication for future information system design.
The impacts of user readiness on perceived value
Authors: Ong Chorng‐Shyong , Lin Ching‐Tsung 
Published: May 2014

AbstractImplementing of cloud computing continues to lead to changes in organizations, as it is connected with underlying organizational developments reducing across functional and organizational limitations. However, the endeavor is frequently regarded as a failure, partially because potential users resist this technology and changes driven by its introduction. This study highlights technology readiness (TR) and readiness for change (RC) as a way to ease an IT‐driven organizational change, incorporating cloud computing implementation. User readiness plays a significant role in easing resistance to such endeavors. Consequently, this study has tested the impacts of TR and RC on the perceived value of cloud computing resulting in its satisfaction. This study has developed a research model integrating TR and RC. This model has been then empirically verified employing data collected from users of high‐tech organizations in Taiwan. Structural equation analysis adopting LISREL has given significant evidences for all proposed hypotheses.
Looking for opportunistic discovery of information in recent biomedical research – a content analysis
Authors: Allen Carla M. , Erdelez Sanda , Marinov Miroslav 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds new discoveries, is not ‘Eureka!’ but ‘That's funny …’— Isaac AsimovFrom the discovery of penicillin and x‐rays to the development of many of today's chemotherapy agents, serendipitous findings tangential to the researcher's intended purpose, those “That's funny …” moments, have greatly impacted the health and well‐being of society. As an information behavior, these unexpected findings are an example of the Opportunistic Discovery of Information (ODI). ODI has been described in many contexts, from information behavior in virtual worlds to the impact of information encountering on health behaviors. Yet, little is known about instances of ODI within the context of scientific research. This study uses content analysis to reveal reported instances of ODI in recently published biomedical literature. Our findings propose a taxonomy of term use indicating the presence of serendipity in the research process and reveal the relationship between the authors' word choice for serendipity and specific types of ODI experiences.
Collaborative information seeking in the wild: Middle‐schoolers' self‐initiated teamwork strategies to support game design
Authors: Reynolds Rebecca B. , Baik Eun , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study investigates how students learn to collaborate in a guided discovery‐based program of game design learning, and how e‐learning systems and environmental supports afford collaboration. We address how students self‐initiate and strategize collaborative practices to achieve a project‐based learning goal, and how they interact with peers, teachers, and technology to develop a shared understanding of the primary game design task. We also consider student engagement in the meta‐processes that support this task's completion, such as delegation, teamwork, and resource use. The methods applied include two main steps ‐ categorical analysis of 18 teams' interview transcripts and in depth case study analysis of four teams' interview responses and process artifacts, with a focus on the themes that are identified from the first step. We propose an initial framework outlining general dimensions of collaborative information behavior for knowledge building contexts. And we conclude with questions for future research.
Virtual mourning and memory construction on Facebook: Here are the terms of use
Authors: McEwen Rhonda , Scheaffer Kathleen 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article investigates the online information practices of persons grieving and mourning the death of another via Facebook through an examination of how, or if, these practices and Facebook's terms of use policies have implications for those in mourning and/or the memory of the deceased. To explore these questions the researchers contrasted traditional publicly recorded asynchronous modes of grieving (i.e. obituaries) with Facebook's asynchronous features (i.e. pages, photos, messages, profiles, comments etc.) Additionally, by applying observational techniques to Facebook memorial pages and Facebook profile pages, conducting a survey, and following‐up on survey responses with interviews, the researchers examined the benefits and issues of online information sharing via Facebook when coping with loss. It was found that immediacy of publishing comments, messages, wall posts, photos, etc. provided Facebook mourners with a quick outlet for emotion and a means of timely group support via responding comments; however, these actions directly affect the deceased's online curation of self, memory, as well as created an environment of competition amongst the mourning. The aforementioned benefits and complications of using Facebook during bereavement are shaped by the policy outlined by Facebook, as Facebook's present policy leaves the deceased's surviving family and/or friends to change the status of the profile to be memorialized, close the profile account, or remove a memorial page; thus, leaving one's reputation beyond the grave in the hands of others.
Libraries, process, and data
Authors: Gold Anna 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe metaphor of knowledge as a product is found throughout contemporary discourse. It can be argued that sometimes product, and at other times process, will be a good, useful, or even the only way something can be viewed. But when one looks at process, one ignores product; and vice versa. This is a fundamental human problem, not an oversight, and as a metaphor echoes Heisenberg's uncertainty principle that suggests we can never know position and momentum simultaneously, but are limited to knowing one or the other. I illustrate briefly how a focus on product dominates discourse on core library issues including scholarly communication and library assessment. I then explore further the implications of this focus for the emerging practice and theory of data curation, despite widespread acknowledgement of both data production and data curation as processes. I conclude by urging greater attention to the possibility and challenge of reshaping practice in data curation around attention to process.
An investigation of the query behavior in task‐based collaborative exploratory Web search
Authors: Yue Zhen , Han Shuguang , He Daqing 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCollaboration in the information seeking and retrieval environment is common, particularly when the search task is complex and exploratory. Multiple factors such as contextual features and task type can affect users' query behavior. This paper presents a study investigating the effects of collaboration and task types on users' query behavior. The study involves two conditions: collaborative search and individual search, and the two search tasks: the recall‐oriented information‐gathering and the utility‐based decision‐making. We analyze users' query behavior in three dimensions: basic query features (e.g. the number of queries), query reformulation patterns (e.g. New, Specification, Generalization and Reconstruction) and query performance. The findings of this study reveal that queries are more diverse in collaborative search and recall‐oriented tasks. Users employed New and Specialization more often as query reformulation types in collaborative search while people in individual search use Reconstruction more often. Besides, the successful query rate is higher in individual search and recall‐oriented tasks.
Interactive retrieval using simulated versus real work task situations: Differences in sub‐facets of tasks and interaction performance
Authors: Li Yuelin , Hu Die 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTask design in interactive information retrieval (IIR) research, including IIR systems evaluation and IIR behavior research, is critical. Currently, a simple search request and a simulated work task situation design are used most widely, especially the latter. This paper attempts to examine the possible differences between simulated and real work task situations in a digital library evaluation, with respect to task characteristics, the influence of the tasks on users' interactive information search behavior, and interaction performance. An experiment was conducted. One simulated work task situation was assigned to forty‐two participants and they were also asked to bring one real work task to the experiment. A set of questionnaires, including an entry questionnaire, a pre‐ and a post‐search questionnaire were administered to the participants. An exit interview was conducted before the experiment ended. The results indicate that simulated and real work task situations are significantly different in some sub‐facets of task, but not all sub‐facets examined in this study. However, the influence of the two tasks on users' interactive information search behavior and interaction performance is not significant, though the sub‐facets of the real and simulated work task situation are correlated to interaction performance differently. Therefore, simulated work task situations could be a supplement of real work task situations in IIR evaluation if well designed. Also, the study found that for some participants, they assessed the simulated one in fact easier, but the real one in fact harder after the search. Moreover, it should be taken into account to control some critical sub‐facets of task when designing simulated work task situations. The paper concludes with suggestions on designing simulated work situations in IIR research and future studies.
Rethinking information privacy‐security: Does it really matter?
Authors: Afzal Waseem 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper reports some of the findings of a bigger study that examined the role of technological, individual, cultural, and informational traits in shaping the intention to buy and sell online. The focus of this paper is on information privacy‐security and its role in online buying and selling. The research problem in this study was examined using the statistical method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Students at a Midwestern university in the U.S. served as the sample population. It was interesting to find that information privacy‐security was perceived differently by the participants in online buying to those involved in online selling. Examination of different demographic traits also shed light on the relationship between these traits and information privacy‐security; for instance, females are found to be more concerned about information privacy‐security; more international students regarded information privacy as an impediment in their potential use of the Web for selling. In addition, the role of culture in moderating the relationship between information privacy‐security and the intention to buy and sell online was also examined. Despite the importance of information privacy‐security, as also demonstrated in literature, its impact on intention in this study remained inconclusive. This finding along with findings in relation to demographics and culture raises important questions for future research on information privacy‐security.
Opportunistic discovery of information and millennials: An exploratory survey
Authors: Million A.J. , O'Hare Sheila , Lowrance Nathan , Erdelez Sanda 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNow that digital information can be accessed anywhere, there has been a resurgence of interest in information encountering (IE) and the opportunistic discovery of information (ODI). However, no studies have attempted to distinguish between the task‐oriented contexts associated with IE and the more diffuse and varied situations in which ODI occurs. The authors conducted a survey (n=48) of undergraduate students between the ages of 18 and 25 in order to identify which mechanisms, formats, sources, and contexts provide them with opportunities for serendipitous information acquisition. Further, the survey was adopted to cover a variety of task‐specific (IE) and non‐task specific scenarios (ODI). The results of this exploratory study confirm that both IE and ODI seem to be common among this cohort, but the mechanism of delivery and the format in which the information is presented impact the frequency of occurrences.
Taking entity reconciliation offline
Authors: Shaw Ryan , Golden Patrick 
Published: May 2014

AbstractEntity reconciliation—linking names or terms to identifiers in external datasets—is a popular method of adding standardized structured data to loosely structured documents. Most approaches to entity reconciliation rely on remote web services, requiring network access during the reconciliation process. For use cases that rely on a “human in the loop” (reconciling entities during the authoring process), this requirement may be a problem. To address this problem, we investigated the feasibility of offline entity reconciliation against the Virtual International Authority File. Offline entity reconciliation was implemented by taking advantage of newly standardized browser storage interfaces to store and query parts of this large dataset locally. We present the results of this investigation and our comparison of the performance, scalability, ease of implementation, and cross‐browser compatibility of the various options for storing entity data locally.
User engagement and system support in the search process: User dominated, system dominated and balanced search tactics
Authors: Xie Iris , Joo Soohyung , Bennett‐Kapusniak Renee 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBoth user engagement and system support play important roles in applying search tactics. To apply search tactics in the information retrieval (IR) processes, users engage intellectually with the system, while the system assists them by providing different system features. By analyzing 63 subjects' information searching diaries and questionnaires, the authors identified various types of user engagement and system support, and classified search tactics into three groups: user dominated, system dominated, and balanced tactics. The authors further explored types of user engagement and types of system support in applying user dominated tactics (e.g. evaluating tactic), system dominated tactics (e.g. accessing tactic) and balanced tactics (e.g. learning tactic). The findings show that users and systems play major roles in applying user dominated and system dominated tactics respectively. While applying balanced tactics, users and systems have to be equally engaged.
The importance of context in the automatic classification of email as records of business value: A pilot study
Authors: Alberts Inge , Vellino Andre 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDespite the growth of alternative means of electronic messaging, email continues to be a crucial business communication tool. In many organizations, it is common to find a large proportion of business‐critical data in email form. However, as the volume of business‐critical email continues to grow, conventional approaches for managing paper‐based records of business value are increasingly unsuited to the digital realities. Yet effective approaches to automate the management of email are essential to ensure organizational efficiency, accountability and regulatory compliance. Our research aims to develop a model that characterizes information managers' context‐specific email triage strategies for identifying emails of business value so that it can be applied to automatically classify email records. We conducted a pilot study of two information managers' email triage practices in two different contexts and develop machine‐learning models of lexical and non‐lexical features that are involved in the appraisal of business value. An experiment with a machine learning algorithm trained on about two hundred emails in two different business contexts indicates that the automation of email triage for identifying records of business value is highly context dependent and that automated classifiers must be trained to recognize “business value” specifically for that context.
Automatic error detection from pointing device input data
Authors: Sultana Afroza , Moffatt Karyn 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAlthough interaction techniques have been extensively studied under controlled laboratory conditions, little is known about their capabilities during unconstrained free tasks. Understanding real world use is particularly important for older adults, as some may find computer input more challenging due to age‐related declines in motor skill. As a step towards addressing this gap, we studied the feasibility of using machine‐learning techniques. In this study, we emphasized on identifying errors from sub‐movement behavior, using pen‐based data from younger and older adults. We tested four machine‐learning algorithms: Decision Trees, Neural Networks, Naïve Bayesian Networks, and Rule Induction. Each yielded an accuracy rate around 90%. Moreover, the experiments have identified some useful metrics to classify errors among older adult users.
Challenges of open source ILS adoption
Authors: Singh Vandana 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper describes the results of a research study analyzing the challenges of the adoption of open source integrated library systems (OSS ILSs) among U.S. libraries. The research team surveyed 73 libraries of all types currently using proprietary ILSs about their satisfaction with their ILS, whether they have considered migrating to an OSS ILS, and some of the changes that would need to occur inside and outside of the libraries to facilitate migration to OSS ILSs. The results show that most of the libraries surveyed have considered migrating to OSS ILSs. The most common reason for considering migration is the cost savings of OSS ILSs compared to proprietary ILSs. The most common issues libraries cited as reasons not to migrate to OSS ILSs include lack of in‐house technical staff and expertise and perceived lack of OSS ILS technical support. This paper contributes to the field by discussing some specific challenges libraries associate with OSS ILSs. This research will help libraries in the OSS ILS community to better address these challenges and encourage OSS ILS adoption.
Guess who? An empirical study of gender deception and detection in computer‐mediated communication
Authors: Ho Shuyuan Mary , Hollister Jonathan M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe verification of an online conversation partner's identity is a challenge due to the lack of verbal and visual cues in computer‐mediated communication. People must constantly assess the identity of whomever they are communicating with based on limited interaction. This poster describes an empirical study that identifies how people attribute gender and detects gender deception in online text‐based communication. Data has been collected through an interactive social media game platform and designed as a quasi‐experiment. Our study confirms that the speakers' domain knowledge, perceived trustworthiness, and self‐efficacy have an impact on the success of gender deception and attribution. Perceived gender of the speaker also had an impact on the successful detection of gender deceptive messages.