bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of cementitious systems containing calcined clay in a chloride-rich environment: a review by TC-282 CCL
Authors: Dhandapani Yuvaraj , Machner Alisa , Wilson William , Kunther Wolfgang , Afroz Sumaiya , Kim Taehwan , Zunino Franco , Joseph Shiju , Kanavaris Fragkoulis , Castel Arnaud , Thienel Karl-Christian , Irassar Edgardo F. , Bishnoi Shashank , Martirena Fernando , Santhanam Manu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this review by TC- 282 CCL, a comprehensive examination of various facets of chloride ingress in calcined clay-based concrete in aggressive chloride-rich environments is presented due to its significance in making reinforced concrete structures susceptible to chloride-induced corrosion damages. The review presents a summary of available literature focusing on materials characteristics influencing the chloride resistance of calcined clay-based concrete, such as different clay purity, kaolinite content and other clay minerals, underscoring the significance of pore refinement, pore solution composition, and chloride binding mechanisms. Further, the studies dealing with the performance at the concrete scale, with a particular emphasis on transport properties, curing methods, and mix design, are highlighted. Benchmarking calcined clay mixes with fly ash or slag-based concrete mixes that are widely used in aggressive chloride conditions instead of OPC is recommended. Such comparison could extend the usage of calcined clay as a performance-enhancing mineral admixture in the form of calcined clay or LC2 (limestone-calcined clay). The chloride diffusion coefficient in calcined clay concrete is reported to be significantly lower (about 5–10 times in most literature available so far) compared to OPC, and even lower compared to fly ash and slag-based concrete at early curing ages reported across recent literature made with different types of cements and concrete mixes. Limited studies dealing with reinforcement corrosion point out that calcined clay delays corrosion initiation and reduces corrosion rates despite the reduction in critical chloride threshold. Most of these results on corrosion performance are mainly from laboratory studies and warrant field evaluation in future. Finally, two case studies demonstrating the application of calcined clay-based concrete in real-world marine exposure conditions are discussed to showcase the promising potential of employing low-purity calcined clay-based concrete for reducing carbon footprint and improving durability performance in chloride exposure.
Evaluate the Efficacy of Myeloablative Conditioning Regimens for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia at BTH, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thu Hanh , Huynh Huu Than , Tran Hung Quang , Nguyen Quang The , Huynh Phu Duc Vinh , Hoang Nam Duy , Ma Tuan Xuan , Do Duong Thi Thuy , Phu Dung Chi , Huynh Man Van 
Published: July 2024

Background: Busulfan plus cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) is considered one of the classical myeloablative conditioning regimens. However, its toxicity can significantly increase mortality rates. To reduce both acute and long-term complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), newer conditioning regimens are being investigated. The purposes of this study were to assess the efficacy and safety of busulfan plus cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) and busulfan plus fludarabine (Bu/Flu) conditioning regimen for allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT) in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).
Materials and Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective analysis of AML, both adults and children, who underwent either Bu/Cy or Bu/Flu conditioning regimen for allo-HSCT and received peripheral blood stem cell transplants from HLA-matched donors.
Results: From 2005 – 2019, 49 AML patients receiving Bu/Cy and 21 receiving Bu/Flu were identified, meeting inclusion criteria. The two groups showed no significant differences in age, gender, disease status pre-transplant, the median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment. Bu/Flu patients had a shorter duration of neutropenia (median 7 days vs 10 days, p = 0.001) and shorter duration of thrombocytopenia (median 10 days vs 15 days, p = 0.016) than Bu/Cy. No difference was observed in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) between the two groups. Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that age, disease status pre-transplant, and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) are related to worse DFS and OS.
Conclusion: With similar efficacy to Bu/Cy but faster neutrophil and platelet recovery time, Bu/Flu is suitable as a pre-HSCT conditioning regimen for patients with AML.
Show Cases on System and Component Level & Adapted Components
Authors: Beccali Marco , Bonomolo Marina , Martorana Francesca , Baby Ben Alex , Pellegrini Marco , Vasta Salvatore 
Published: July 2024

This document is the final report for joint activities A2, “Adapted components”, and B1, “Show cases on system and component level” of the IEA SHC Task 65, “Solar Cooling for the Sunbelt Regions. The first part of the report presents results from 32 investigated projects across 18 countries representing a range of 10 weather profiles such as the tropical wet and dry (Aw), hot desert (BWh), hot semi-arid (BSh), hot summer-Mediterranean (Csa), warmsummer Mediterranean (Csb), humid subtropic (Cfa), monsoon-influenced humid subtropical (Cwa), hot summer humid continental climate zones.
Effect of different extenders and cryoprotectants on sperm viability of mud crab, Scylla tranquebarica for short term storage
Authors: Zakaria Siti Nor Fatihah , Hazwani Nur , Chen Cheng-Ann 
Published: July 2024

The aim of the present study was to determine the extenders such as calcium-free saline, Ringer’s solution and phosphate buffer and to determine the effect of different concentrations of cryoprotectants with different duration of exposure for short term storage of mud crab, Scylla tranquebarica sperm cells. A total of 30 mud crabs were used in the present study. In the present study, three treatments with three replicates were tested to determine the suitable extender. Besides, three treatments (dimethyl sulfoxide, glycine and glycerol) were tested to determine the suitable cryoprotectants. Eight treatments (25, 20, 16, 4, 2, -4, -20 and -80 °C) were assessed to determine the optimal cooling rate. The result showed the phosphate buffer solution produced the highest sperm viability (82.36 ± 5.84 %) after 60 min compared the Calcium free saline and Ringer’s solution. The results for sperm viability at -4 °C, -20 C and -80 °C after 24 hours were 95.63 0.13 % (5 % glycine), 91.51 ± 1.91 % (5 % DMSO) and 93.97 ± 0.43 % (5 % glycine). By using the 5 % glycine as the best cryoprotectant, the results for the sperm viability in 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, day 7, day 14 and day 21 at 80 °C were 95.17 ± 0.92 %, 94.11 ± 0.64 %, 93.31 ± 0.51 %, 90.84 ± 2.05 % and 82.82 ± 0.41 %. In a nutshell, the phosphate buffer and 5 % glycine were the best extender and cryoprotectant in the present study.
Modified POM Analysis of Substituted 8-Hydroxyquinolines as Perspective Antibacterial Agents In Silico<i> </i>and Their<i> </i>In Vitro Antibacterial Activity Screening<i></i>
Authors: Gašparová Renata , Maliar Tibor , Maliarová Mária , Koreň Ján , Polák Jaroslav 
Published: July 2024

The collection of forty-nine 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives, substituted at C5, C6 or C7, was designed and studied by computational methods of modified POM analysis, using SwissADME, Osiris and Molinspiration tool. POM analysis (Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration) and its modified version using SwissADME instead of Petra software are indisputably tools of modern chemoinformatics, often published in the professional literature as well as in the field of research of new antibacterial active compounds, developed to replace existing antibiotics that fail due to increased resistance of bacteria. NitroxolineTM and the group of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives with their broad antibacterial effect and the possibility of extensive derivatization of the skeleton, represent a promising direction in the research of new antibacterial active substances. Twenty 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives were also evaluated on their antibacterial activity against eight selected G+ and G- bacterial strains with a defined resistance mechanism. All structures were in accordance with Lipinski&#039;s criteria, twenty-one structures were interesting from the point of view of individual or average value of the bioactivity prediction score and fourteen structures showed one or more mechanisms of toxicity prediction. Furthermore, eleven structures showed a low rate of GI absorption or the inability to cross the BBB barrier, fourteen substances showed a BRENK or PAIN warning, eleven substances are an undesirable substrate of P-glycoprotein and all structures predicted the same level of bioavailability and a relatively low rate of metabolism in the liver. Five structures were selected by the intersection of the POM criteria. The virtual structures 17, 25, 35 and 43 can be favored for the continuity of next study. The resulting scores of bioactivity can indicate the potential of studied structures to be used for the design and development of new active antibacterial agents.
Integrated Dual Lag Screws Have Higher Reoperation Rates for Fixation Failure Than Single Lag Component Cephalomedullary Nails
Authors: Gonzalez Christian A. , Van Rysselberghe Noelle L. , Whittaker Mathew J. , Ngo Daniel , Michaud John B. , Gardner Michael J. ,   the Hip Fracture Nail Study Group
Published: July 2024

Background:
Previous studies comparing reoperation risk between integrated dual lag screw (IDL) and single lag component (SL) cephalomedullary nails (CMNs) in the treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures have demonstrated mixed results. The purpose of this study was to assess the rates of reoperation for fixation failure and all-cause reoperation in a large, multi-institutional cohort of patients with an intertrochanteric fracture treated with an IDL or SL CMN. We hypothesized that there would be no difference between the groups with respect to either of the reoperation rates.

Methods:
Adults (≥18 years old) who sustained an intertrochanteric fracture (AO/OTA 31A1 to 31A3) treated with an IDL or SL CMN between January 2014 and May 2021 at 1 of 13 Level-I trauma centers were included. Patients with <3 months of follow-up or pathologic fractures were excluded. Rates of reoperation were compared with use of the chi-square test and multivariable regression, controlling for age, gender, injury mechanism, fracture pattern, and postoperative neck-shaft angle.

Results:
A total of 2,130 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 78 years, and 62.5% of patients were female. The cohort consisted of 287 patients (13.5%) with an IDL CMN and 1,843 patients (86.5%) with an SL CMN. A total of 99 patients (4.6%) had a reoperation of any type, of whom 29 (1.4% of all patients) had a reoperation for fixation failure. Compared with patients with an SL CMN, those with an IDL CMN had higher rates (4.2% versus 0.9%; p < 0.001) and odds (odds ratio [OR], 4.95 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.29 to 10.69]; p < 0.001) of reoperation for fixation failure as well as higher rates (7.3% versus 4.2%; p = 0.021) and odds (OR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.10 to 3.06]; p = 0.021) of all-cause reoperation.

Conclusions:
Intertrochanteric femoral fractures treated with an IDL CMN were associated with low but significantly higher rates and significantly higher odds of reoperation for fixation failure and all-cause reoperation compared with those treated with an SL CMN. We suggest caution to surgeons in the use of IDL CMNs for high-risk patients and recommend using SL CMNs for most patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Horizontal Transverse Isotropy Studied Using Tools for Full-Azimuth Seismic Data Processing and an Advanced Well Logging Complex on the Example of Famennian Deposits of the Yugomashevskoye Field
Authors: Dushin A.S. , Lyubochko A.N. , Krivoshchekov I.S. , Inozemtsev A.N. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
—This paper presents a solution to the problem of searching for cavernous fractured zones and the zones that determine reservoir heterogeneity in Famennian deposits of one of the licensed sections of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The use of an integrated approach to the study of azimuthal horizontal-transverse isotropy of rocks using wellbore data and modern methods for processing areal seismic data for carbonate deposits associated with the development of organogenic structures is described. The results of using the full-azimuth angular migration technology are obtained. The introduction of high-tech approaches at the research site using full-azimuth seismic data processing, spectral decomposition, AVA/AVAZ inversion, and complex analysis of dynamic properties of the wave field in conjunction with well logging and core data makes it possible to identify the distorted zones of the carbonate reservoir associated with changes in the characteristics of the rock skeleton, the presence of a porous-cavernous-fracture void space and lithological replacement zones, as well as secondary processes, thereby reducing the risks associated with subsequent production drilling.
Probabilistic Photonic Computing with Chaotic Light
Authors: Pernice Wolfram , Brückerhoff-Plückelmann Frank , Borras Hendrik , Klein Bernhard , Varri Akhil , Becker Marlon , Dijkstra Jelle , Brückerhoff Martin , Wright C David , Salinga Martin , Bhaskaran Harish , Risse Benjamin , Fröning Holger 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Biological neural networks effortlessly tackle complex computational problems and excel at predicting outcomes from noisy, incomplete data, a task that poses significant challenges to traditional processors. Artificial neural networks (ANNs), inspired by these biological counterparts, have emerged as powerful tools for deciphering intricate data patterns and making predictions. However, conventional ANNs can be viewed as "point estimates" that do not capture the uncertainty of prediction, which is an inherently probabilistic process. In contrast, treating an ANN as a probabilistic model derived via Bayesian inference poses significant challenges for conventional deterministic computing architectures. Here, we use chaotic light in combination with incoherent photonic data processing to enable high-speed probabilistic computation and uncertainty quantification. Since both the chaotic light source and the photonic crossbar support multiple independent computational wavelength channels, we sample from the output distributions in parallel at a sampling rate of 70.4 GS/s, limited only by the electronic interface. We exploit the photonic probabilistic architecture to simultaneously perform image classification and uncertainty prediction via a Bayesian neural network. Our prototype demonstrates the seamless cointegration of a physical entropy source and a computational architecture that enables ultrafast probabilistic computation by parallel sampling.
How do Neurotransmitter Pathways contribute to Neuroimaging Phenotypes?
Authors: Ebneabbasi Amir , Ebneabbasi Amir , Afshani Mortaza , Seyed-Ahmadi Arman , Warrier Varun , Bethlehem Richard , Rittman Timothy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Neuroimaging could accurately reflect human behaviour in health and disease, but the mechanism by which image-derived phenotypes correspond to neurotransmitter systems remains uncertain. Prior studies have explored spatial correlations between neuroimaging phenotypes and positron emission tomography radiotracers. However, the influence of neurotransmitters goes beyond the receptors/transporters, influencing a wider array of intracellular components as pivotal parts of neurotransmitter pathways. Here, we used unsupervised learning to understand how the brain maps of healthy functon(i.e., magnetoencephalography frequency-specific power) and abnormal structure (i.e., disorder-specific cortical thickness) are closely anchored to underlying neurotransmitter pathways assessed by gene expression data. To do this, we used large-scale datasets of the Human Connectome Project (HCP), Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) and Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA). We considered spatial and random gene null models to mitigate false positives. We replicate our analyses using different gene stability thresholds. This analytic approach paves the way for personalised medicine and advanced biomarkers.
Chemical looping synthesis of amines from N2 via iron nitride as a mediator
Authors: Yan Ning , Li Haoyue , Wang Tie , Wang Shifu , Li Xuning , Huang Yanqiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Amines are commonly synthesized through the amination of organooxygenates using ammonia, frequently involving the use of noble metal catalysts. In this study, we present an alternative route to make amines using iron nitride (Fe2.5N) as the nitrogen source. Without any additional catalyst, Fe2.5N reacts with a range of alcohols at 250 °C under 1 or 10 bar H2 to produce amines as major products. Mechanistic investigations indicate that hydrogen activates the nitrogen species within iron nitride, converting them into surface NH and NH2 groups that then react with alcohols to form amines. Building on this foundation, we further demonstrated an iron nitride-mediated chemical looping pathway that utilizes N2 as the nitrogen source to synthesize octylamines. In this process, N2 first reacts with iron to form FexN by a ball-milling method at ambient temperature and 6 bar N2. The as-prepared FexN subsequently reacts with alcohols to yield amines, transferring over 80% of the nitrogen to organic compounds. This looping process proved stable across four cycles.
Predictive Ability of Achilles Tendon Elastography for Frailty in Older Adults
Authors: Ceker Eda , Fadiloglu Ayse , Cataltepe Esra , Sendur Halit Nahit , Allahverdiyeva Seriyye , Varan Hacer Doğan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The Achilles tendon (AT) is the largest and strongest tendon in the human body, and its elasticity is known to be affected by the aging process. However, the relation between AT stiffness and frailty in older individuals remains uncertain. This study aims to explore the potential of Achilles Tendon Shear Wave Elastography (AT-SWE) as a tool for assessing physical frailty in older adults.
Methods
A total of 148 patients aged 65 years and over were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients with heart failure, AT injury, stroke history, active malignancy, and claudication were excluded. All patients underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Physical frailty assessment was performed with the Fried Frailty Phenotype. Achilles tendon elastography was measured by ultrasound.
Results
The mean age of the participants was 73.8 years and 62.2% were female. 30.4% of the participants were defined as frail. Achilles Tendon Shear Wave Elastography measurements were statistically lower in the frail group (p < 0.05). In the multivariate regression analysis, AT-SWE showed a statistically significant association with frailty independent of age, gender, and chronic diseases (0.987, 0.976–0.999, p value = 0.032). In the ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve for AT-SWE was 0.647 (95% CI, 0.564–0.724, p < 0.01) and the optimum cut-off point was 124.1 kilopascals.
Conclusion
These findings highlight the value of AT-SWE as a non-invasive and objective tool for predicting the risk of frailty in older adults.
A genetic perspective on the recent demographic history of Ireland and Britain
Authors: Shanmugam Ashwini , Merrigan Michael , O'Reilly Seamus , Molloy Anne , Brody Lawrence , Hardiman Orla , McLaughlin Russell , Cavalleri Gianpiero , Byrne Ross , Gilbert Edmund , Bodmer Sir Walter 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

While subtle yet discrete clusters of genetic identity across Ireland and Britain have been identified, their demographic history is unclear. Using genotype data from 6,574 individuals with associated regional Irish or British ancestry, we identified genetic communities by applying Leiden community detection. Using haplotype segments segregated by length as proxy for time, we inferred regional Irish and British demographic histories. For a subset of the Irish communities, we provide genealogical context by estimating the enrichment/depletion of surnames.
Through patterns of haplotype sharing, we find evidence of recent population bottlenecks in Orcadian, Manx and Welsh genetic communities. We observed temporal changes in genetic affinities within and between genetic communities in Ireland and Britain. While structure in Ireland is subtler when compared to British communities, the Irish groups share relatively more short haplotype segments. In addition, using effective population size estimates and levels of haplotype-sharing, we detected varying degrees of genetic isolation in some Irish and British genetic communities across time. Further, we observe a stable migration corridor between north-east Ireland and south-west Scotland while there is a recent migration barrier between south-east and west Ireland. Genealogical analysis of surnames in Ireland reflects history - Anglo-Norman surnames are enriched in the Wexford community while Scottish and Gallowglass surnames were enriched in the Ulster community.
Using these new insights into the regional demographic history of Ireland and Britain across different time periods, we hope to understand the driving forces of rare allele frequencies and disease risk association within these populations.
Smart Buildings: Pioneering Solutions for Climate Change Mitigation
Authors: Ale Taiwo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The increase in the demand for buildings to cater to the rising population and urbanization has contributed to extreme climate change due to the continuous emission of greenhouse gases during the construction and operational stages of the building. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the potential of smart buildings as a tool for combating climate change and mitigating its adverse impacts on the environment. A mixed-methods approach of interview guides, an observation checklist, and a questionnaire were used for this study. A total of ten buildings from various countries were chosen using the purposive sampling approach. Structured interviews and questionnaires were conducted and administered to building industry professionals to understand how smart buildings help mitigate climate change. Findings indicate that smart buildings help keep an eye on energy consumption, thereby lowering the quantity of greenhouse gases released while the building is in use. Also, research shows that the integration of smartness in buildings through material and method use lessens the environmental impact of building construction and operation and contributes to a more sustainable built environment. The research concluded that, due to the increasing climate change, the integration of smartness into our buildings is of utmost importance in addressing climate change and its effects. This will also provide a more sustainable and resilient environment while accommodating future population growth.