bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blaps femoralis хар хорхойн бэлдмэлийн фармакологийн зарим Үйлдэл
Authors: Алдармаа Ж. Алдармаа , Дагвацэрэн Б. , Энхтєр Э. , Хишигжаргал Л. , Наранцэцэг До. 
Published: May 2014

Blaps femoralis хар хорхойн бэлдмэлийн фармакологийн зарим үйлдэл5-гидрокситриптофан (5-htp) аминий хүчлээр єдєєгдєх хулганы толгой сэгсрэх үзэгдэл цєхрєлийн эсрэг үйлдэлтэй эмийн бэлдмэлүүдийн “серотонинергик” загвар юм. Blaps femoralis бэлдмэл 100 мг/кг тундаа 5-htp– ээр єдєєсєн толгой сэгсрэлтийн тоог 26.31%-иар сулавтар ихэсгэсэн. Харин Blaps femoralis бэлдмэлийг 200 мг/кг тунгаар 14 хоног уусны дараа 5-htp– ээр єдєєсєн толгой сэгсрэлтийн тоог 2.1 дахин нэмэгдүүлсэн нь бэлдмэл серотонинмиметик нєлєєтэй болохыг харуулж байна. Хар хорхойн бэлдмэл 50 ба 100 мг/кг тундаа HCl/Этилийн спиртийн холимог хүчиллэг уусмалаар єдєєсєн ходоодны гэмтэлд тодорхой нєлєє үзүүлээгүй. Хулганы “сүүлнээс дүүжлэх” загвараар Хар хорхойн бэлдмэл 100 мг/кг тундаа сулавтар цєрхєлийн эсрэг үйлдэл үзүүлж байв. Бэлдмэл “Зєрчилт нєхцєл”-ийн аргаар 100 мг/кг тундаа айдас намдааж түгшүүр тайлах нєлєєг хєдєлгєєний идэвхийг сулруулалгүй үзүүлсэн. Хар хорхойн бэлдмэлийг эмчилгээний 200 мг/кг тунгаар удаан хугацаанд хэрэглэхэд амьтны эрхтэний үйл ажиллаанд мэдэгдэхүйц сєрєг нєлєє үзүүлээгүй бол 400 мг/кг тунг удаан хугацаагаар хэрэглэхэд амьтны элэгэнд морфологийн єєрчлєлт илэрсэн. Some pharmacological actions of Blaps femoralis extractBlaps femoralis at a dose of 100 mg/kg had a weak a serotoninomimetic ac­tion increasing the number of head twiching in mice induced by 5-htp whereas after chronic administration of Blaps F. at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited a serotonin positive action respectively. This study investigated the effect of extract of Blaps femoralis in the mouse tail suspension test (TST).The immobility time in the TST was reduced by Blaps F given either by orally (100 mg/kg) route with­out affecting the body temperature and the locomotor activity in open-field test. Anxiolytic effect of Blaps F was observed by two different animal model of anxiety such as the Vogel’s drinking conflict test and the elevated plus-maze. Treatment with extract of blaps F (200 mg/kg) weakly increased the number of punishment licks in the Vogel’s drinking conflict test and the percentage of time spent on the open arms of the maze, without affecting the total number of arm entries that in­dicated slight an anxiolytic action of Blaps F. Extract of Blaps F. (50 and 100 mg/kg) pre-treatment 1 hour before ulcer induction did not affect on the ulcer induced by A HCl/ethanol mixture.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v0i1.54 Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences 2010 No.1 pp.3-17
Religiosidade e saúde: experiências dos pacientes e percepções dos profissionais
Authors: De Freitas Marta Helena 
Published: May 2014

A partir de nossa trajetória com pesquisas e orientação de pesquisas sobre o tema, como também de um levantamento de publicações brasileiras concernentes às relações entre religiosidade e saúde nos últimos dez anos, neste trabalho realizamos uma comparação entre o que se tem constatado nas investigações com os próprios pacientes e o que se tem encontrado nos estudos e observações com os estudantes e profissionais de saúde. Voltando-se a atenção mais especificamente para os campos da psicologia, da medicina e da enfermagem, constatamos que, embora seja crescente a literatura voltada para a importância de que a assistência religiosa/espiritual seja incorporada às práticas de acolhimento e humanização em saúde, há ainda um grande hiato entre o que mostra a experiência no mundo da vida dos pacientes e a postura formal dos profissionais que os atendem nos serviços de saúde especializados. Considerando-se esse hiato e seu grande paradoxo, num país de população tão religiosa como o Brasil, discutimos as implicações decorrentes para a formação profissional nos diferentes campos da atenção à saúde.
A preliminary study of thermosphere and mesosphere wind observed by Fabry‐Perot over Kelan, China
Authors: Yu Tao , Huang Cong , Zhao Guangxin , Mao Tian , Wang Yungang , Zeng Zhongcao , Wang Jingsong , Xia Chunliang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA Fabry‐Perot interferometer (FPI) system was deployed in Kelan (38.7°N, 111.6°E), center China in November 2011, which observes the airglows at wavelengths of 892.0 nm, 557.7 nm, and 630.0 nm from OH and OI emissions in the upper atmosphere, to derive the wind and temperature at heights around 87 km, 97 km, and 250 km, respectively. From late 2011 through 2013 a series of more than 4500 measurements at each height are validated according to manufacture data quality criteria. By using these data, the morphology of wind in the mesosphere and thermosphere is investigated in this study. Preliminary results are as follows: (1) As for the diurnal variation, meridional and zonal winds at heights of 87 km and 97 km, which are derived through 892.0 nm and 557.7 nm airglows, usually range from −50 m/s to 30 m/s and −50 m/s to 50 m/s, respectively, with typical random errors of about 6–10 m/s at 87 km and 2–3 m/s at 97 km. Meridional winds usually are northward at dusk, southward at middle night, and back to northward at dawn; and zonal winds usually are eastward at dusk, westward at middle night, and back to eastward at dawn. The monthly mean winds are in good agreement with those of HWM93 results. Meridional and zonal winds at a height of 250 km, which are derived through 630.0 nm nightglow, range from −110 m/s to 80 m/s with typical random errors of about 8–10 m/s. Meridional winds usually are northward at dusk, southward at middle night, and back to northward at dawn; and zonal winds usually are eastward at dusk, zero at middle night, and westward at dawn; and they are also well consistent with HWM93 results. (2) As for the seasonal variation, meridional winds at the heights of 87 km and 97 km have a visible annual variation at 12–17 LT and with a little semiannual variation at all other hours, but the zonal winds at the heights of 87 km and 97 km have a semiannual variation all night. The seasonal dependence of the winds, both meridional and zonal winds, at the height of 250 km is generally annual, but isolated cases of semiannual variation are observed. (3) The horizontal winds at 250 km evidently respond to the two storms of July 2012, apparent enhancement of the velocity of the southwestward wind. But no other obvious storm effects can be found from the winds at 87 km and 97 km during the same period.
A two‐magma chamber model as a source of deformation at Grímsvötn Volcano, Iceland
Authors: Reverso Thomas , Vandemeulebrouck Jean , Jouanne François , Pinel Virginie , Villemin Thierry , Sturkell Erik , Bascou Pascale 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGrímsvötn Volcano is the most active volcano in Iceland, and its last three eruptions were in 1998, 2004, and 2011. Here we analyze the displacement around Grímsvötn during these last three eruptive cycles using 10 GPS stations. The observed displacements in this region generally contain a linear component of tectonic and glacio‐isostatic origin, in agreement with the previously estimated values of plate motions and vertical rebound. Larger amplitude deformation observed close to Grímsvötn at the GFUM continuous GPS station clearly reflects a major volcanic contribution superimposed on a tectonic component. We estimate and subtract the tectonic trend at this station using regional observed displacement. The direction and pattern of the residual volcanic displacement (for coeruptive and intereruptive periods) are consistent for all three of these eruptive cycles. The posteruptive inflation is characterized by an exponential trend, followed by a linear trend. In this study, we explain this temporal behavior using a new analytic model that has two connected magma chambers surrounded by an elastic medium and fed by a constant basal magma inflow. During the early posteruptive phase, pressure readjustment occurs between the two reservoirs, with replenishment of the shallow chamber from the deep chamber. Afterward, due to the constant inflow of magma into the deep reservoir, the pressurization of the system produces linear uplift. A large deep reservoir favors magma storage rather than surface emission. Based on displacement measured at GFUM station, we estimate an upper limit for the radius of the deep reservoir of ∼10 km.
The oceanic response of the Turkish Straits System to an extreme drop in atmospheric pressure
Authors: Book Jeffrey W. , Jarosz Ewa , Chiggiato Jacopo , Beşiktepe Şükrü 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMoorings across all four entry/exit sections of the Dardanelles Strait and the Bosphorus Strait simultaneously measured the response of the Turkish Straits System to the passage of a severe cyclonic storm that included an atmospheric pressure drop of more than 30 mbar in less than 48 h. The bottom pressure response at the Aegean Sea side of the Dardanelles Strait was consistent with an inverted barometer response, but the response at the other sections did not follow an inverted barometer, leading to a large bottom pressure gradient through the Turkish Straits System. Upper‐layer flow toward the Aegean Sea was reversed by the storm and flow toward the Black Sea was greatly enhanced. Bottom pressure across the Sea of Marmara peaked 6 h after the passage of the storm's minimum pressure. The response on the Dardanelles side was a combination of sea elevation and pycnocline depth rise, and the response on the Bosphorus side was an even greater sea elevation rise and a drop in pycnocline depth. The peak in bottom pressure in the Sea of Marmara was followed by another reverse in the flow through the Dardanelles Strait as flow was then directed away from the Sea of Marmara in both straits. A simple conceptual model without wind is able to explain fluctuations in bottom pressure in the Sea of Marmara to a 0.89–0.96 level of correlation. This stresses the importance of atmospheric pressure dynamics in driving the mass flux of the Turkish Strait System for extreme storms.
Ammonium deficiency caused by heterogeneous reactions during a super Asian dust episode
Authors: Hsu Shih‐Chieh , Lee Celine Siu Lan , Huh Chih‐An , Shaheen Robina , Lin Fei‐Jan , Liu Shaw Chen , Liang Mao‐Chang , Tao Jun 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMineral dust particles exert profound impacts on air quality, visibility, and ocean biogeochemistry. Interactions between dust particles and other anthropogenic pollutants modify not only the size spectrum and morphology but also physicochemical properties of dust particles, thereby affecting their radiative properties and ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei and in turn their impact on climate. Here we report field observations on the surface chemical transformations in a super Asian dust plume captured in coastal areas of China and the adjacent marginal seas. The dust plume showed enhanced concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, and calcium along with a decrease in ammonium. The percentages of total Ca in water‐soluble form increased from an intrinsic value of ~5% to 25–40% at four stations along the path of the dust plume. From these increases, we estimated the extent to which carbonate was modified by heterogeneous reactions and calculated that the enhanced sulfate and nitrate could account for 40–60% of the observed concentrations. Our observation suggests that the formation of ammonium sulfate via the H2SO4‐NH3‐H2O ternary system was impeded by heterogeneous reactions in the marine boundary layer when dust loads exceeded a certain threshold. A conceptual model is proposed to elucidate the heterogeneous reactions during the super Asian dust event and their impacts on atmospheric chemistry.
Global emissions of terpenoid VOCs from terrestrial vegetation in the last millennium
Authors: Acosta Navarro J. C. , Smolander S. , Struthers H. , Zorita E. , Ekman A. M. L. , Kaplan J. O. , Guenther A. , Arneth A. , Riipinen I. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe investigated the millennial variability (1000 A.D.–2000 A.D.) of global biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions by using two independent numerical models: The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN), for isoprene, monoterpene, and sesquiterpene, and Lund‐Potsdam‐Jena‐General Ecosystem Simulator (LPJ‐GUESS), for isoprene and monoterpenes. We found the millennial trends of global isoprene emissions to be mostly affected by land cover and atmospheric carbon dioxide changes, whereas monoterpene and sesquiterpene emission trends were dominated by temperature change. Isoprene emissions declined substantially in regions with large and rapid land cover change. In addition, isoprene emission sensitivity to drought proved to have significant short‐term global effects. By the end of the past millennium MEGAN isoprene emissions were 634 TgC yr−1 (13% and 19% less than during 1750–1850 and 1000–1200, respectively), and LPJ‐GUESS emissions were 323 TgC yr−1(15% and 20% less than during 1750–1850 and 1000–1200, respectively). Monoterpene emissions were 89 TgC yr−1(10% and 6% higher than during 1750–1850 and 1000–1200, respectively) in MEGAN, and 24 TgC yr−1 (2% higher and 5% less than during 1750–1850 and 1000–1200, respectively) in LPJ‐GUESS. MEGAN sesquiterpene emissions were 36 TgC yr−1(10% and 4% higher than during 1750–1850 and 1000–1200, respectively). Although both models capture similar emission trends, the magnitude of the emissions are different. This highlights the importance of building better constraints on VOC emissions from terrestrial vegetation.
Improved dust representation in the Community Atmosphere Model
Authors: Albani S. , Mahowald N. M. , Perry A. T. , Scanza R. A. , Zender C. S. , Heavens N. G. , Maggi V. , Kok J. F. , Otto‐Bliesner B. L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAerosol‐climate interactions constitute one of the major sources of uncertainty in assessing changes in aerosol forcing in the anthropocene as well as understanding glacial‐interglacial cycles. Here we focus on improving the representation of mineral dust in the Community Atmosphere Model and assessing the impacts of the improvements in terms of direct effects on the radiative balance of the atmosphere. We simulated the dust cycle using different parameterization sets for dust emission, size distribution, and optical properties. Comparing the results of these simulations with observations of concentration, deposition, and aerosol optical depth allows us to refine the representation of the dust cycle and its climate impacts. We propose a tuning method for dust parameterizations to allow the dust module to work across the wide variety of parameter settings which can be used within the Community Atmosphere Model. Our results include a better representation of the dust cycle, most notably for the improved size distribution. The estimated net top of atmosphere direct dust radiative forcing is −0.23 ± 0.14 W/m2 for present day and −0.32 ± 0.20 W/m2 at the Last Glacial Maximum. From our study and sensitivity tests, we also derive some general relevant findings, supporting the concept that the magnitude of the modeled dust cycle is sensitive to the observational data sets and size distribution chosen to constrain the model as well as the meteorological forcing data, even within the same modeling framework, and that the direct radiative forcing of dust is strongly sensitive to the optical properties and size distribution used.
Impact of large‐scale climate extremes on biospheric carbon fluxes: An intercomparison based on MsTMIP data
Authors: Zscheischler Jakob , Michalak Anna M. , Schwalm Christopher , Mahecha Miguel D. , Huntzinger Deborah N. , Reichstein Markus , Berthier Gwenaëlle , Ciais Philippe , Cook Robert B. , El‐Masri Bassil , Huang Maoyi , Ito Akihiko , Jain Atul , King Anthony , Lei Huimin , Lu Chaoqun , Mao Jiafu , Peng Shushi , Poulter Benjamin , Ricciuto Daniel , Shi Xiaoying , Tao Bo , Tian Hanqin , Viovy Nicolas , Wang Weile , Wei Yaxing , Yang Jia , Zeng Ning 
Published: May 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the role of climate extremes and their impact on the carbon (C) cycle is increasingly a focus of Earth system science. Climate extremes such as droughts, heat waves, or heavy precipitation events can cause substantial changes in terrestrial C fluxes. On the other hand, extreme changes in C fluxes are often, but not always, driven by extreme climate conditions. Here we present an analysis of how extremes in temperature and precipitation, and extreme changes in terrestrial C fluxes are related to each other in 10 state‐of‐the‐art terrestrial carbon models, all driven by the same climate forcing. We use model outputs from the North American Carbon Program Multi‐scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP). A global‐scale analysis shows that both droughts and heat waves translate into anomalous net releases of CO2 from the land surface via different mechanisms: Droughts largely decrease gross primary production (GPP) and to a lower extent total respiration (TR), while heat waves slightly decrease GPP but increase TR. Cold and wet periods have a smaller opposite effect. Analyzing extremes in C fluxes reveals that extreme changes in GPP and TR are often caused by strong shifts in water availability, but for extremes in TR shifts in temperature are also important. Extremes in net CO2 exchange are equally strongly driven by deviations in temperature and precipitation. Models mostly agree on the sign of the C flux response to climate extremes, but model spread is large. In tropical forests, C cycle extremes are driven by water availability, whereas in boreal forests temperature plays a more important role. Models are particularly uncertain about the C flux response to extreme heat in boreal forests.
Optimization of legacy lidar data sets for measuring near‐field earthquake displacements
Authors: Glennie Craig L. , Hinojosa‐Corona Alejandro , Nissen Edwin , Kusari Arpan , Oskin Michael E. , Arrowsmith J. Ramon , Borsa Adrian 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAirborne lidar (light detection and ranging) topography, acquired before and after an earthquake, can provide an estimate of the coseismic surface displacement field by differencing the preevent and postevent lidar point clouds. However, estimated displacements can be contaminated by the presence of large systematic errors in either of the point clouds. We present three‐dimensional displacements obtained by differencing airborne lidar point clouds collected before and after the El Mayor–Cucapah earthquake, a Mw 7.2 earthquake that occurred in 2010. The original surface displacement estimates contained large, periodic artifacts caused by systematic errors in the preevent lidar data. Reprocessing the preevent data, detailed herein, removed a majority of these systematic errors that were largely due to misalignment between the scanning mirror and the outgoing laser beam. The methodology presented can be applied to other legacy airborne laser scanning data sets in order to improve change estimates from temporally spaced lidar acquisitions.
An observation of sea‐spray microphysics by airborne Doppler radar
Authors: Fairall C. W. , Pezoa S. , Moran K. , Wolfe D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper describes observations and analysis of Doppler radar data from a down‐looking 94 GHz (W‐Band) system operated from a NOAA WP‐3 Orion research aircraft in Tropical Storm (TS) Karen. The flight took place on 5 October 2013; Karen had weakened with maximum winds around 20 m s−1. Doppler spectral moments from the radar were processed to retrieve sea‐spray microphysical properties (drop size and liquid water mass concentration) profiles in the height range 75–300 m above the sea surface. In the high wind speed regions of TS Karen (U10 > 15 m s−1), sea spray was observed with a nominal mass‐mode radius of about 40 µm, a radar‐weighted gravitational fall velocity of about 1 m s−1, and a mass concentration of about 10−3 gm−3 at 75 m. Spray‐drop mass concentration declined with height to values of about 10−4 gm−3 at 300 m. Drop mass decreased slightly more slowly with increasing height than predicted by surface‐layer similarity theory for a balance of turbulent diffusion vs fall velocity.
Influence of water ice clouds on nighttime tropical temperature structure as seen by the Mars Climate Sounder
Authors: Wilson R. John , Guzewich Scott D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAn analysis of nighttime temperature and water ice cloud extinction profiles from the Mars Climate Sounder aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter provides evidence for the close relationship between tropical temperature structure and water ice clouds. The tropical temperature structure that evolves over the spring and summer seasons is closely coupled to the waxing and waning of tropical cloud activity. The presence of strong elevated nighttime temperature inversions in the Tharsis region is a robust feature of the equatorial atmosphere during the Ls = 0–135° season, with little interannual variation seen in the three Mars years examined. Mars global circulation model simulations imply that cloud radiative forcing plays a dominant role in the seasonal modulation of the observed longitude distribution of warm and cold anomalies in surface and low‐altitude air temperatures, respectively.
Long‐term hydrological changes of the Aral Sea observed by satellites
Authors: Shi Wei , Wang Menghua , Guo Wei 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Aral Sea has been shrinking since the former Soviet Union constructed irrigation projects to divert water from its main rivers in the 1960s. The diminishing of the Aral Sea is “one of the worst environmental disasters in the world” (from United Nations Secretary‐General Ban Ki‐moon). In this study, 33 years of satellite observations from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and 21 years of satellite altimetry sea level data from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason‐1, and Jason‐2 are used to quantify the long‐term hydrological changes in the Aral Sea. A simple algorithm with AVHRR channels 1 and 2 albedo is developed to identify and discriminate the water pixels from land and cloud. Thus, monthly water coverage in the region can be reliably generated. The water coverage maps since 1981 show constant decline of the Aral Sea. The coverage dropped from ∼4.7–4.8 × 104 km2 in 1981 to about ¼ of this value in the recent years. In fact, drastic hydrological change was observed in the main Aral Sea during the 2000s. In the South Aral Sea, sea level shows a steady decrease from 35 m above sea level to <26 m since 1993. Total loss of water storage since 1993 is estimated to be ∼2.0 × 102 km3 for the South Aral Sea with a rate of ∼16−20 km3/yr before 2002, and a smaller value after 2002. In 1990, the North Aral Sea was observed to separate from the main Aral Sea. Water coverage, sea level, and total water storage were kept relatively stable for the period between 1993 and 2013 in the North Aral Sea. A water level increase and coverage expansion occurred during the 2005−2006 period when a dam was built in 2005 between the North Aral Sea and the South‐East Aral Sea.