bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic Field‐Effect Transistor Memory Devices Using Discrete Ferritin Nanoparticle‐Based Gate Dielectrics
Authors: Kim Beom Joon , Ko Yongmin , Cho Jeong Ho , Cho Jinhan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOrganic field‐effect transistor (OFET) memory devices made using highly stable iron‐storage protein nanoparticle (NP) multilayers and pentacene semiconductor materials are introduced. These transistor memory devices have nonvolatile memory properties that cause reversible shifts in the threshold voltage (Vth) as a result of charge trapping and detrapping in the protein NP (i.e., the ferritin NP with a ferrihydrite phosphate core) gate dielectric layers rather than the metallic NP layers employed in conventional OFET memory devices. The protein NP‐based OFET memory devices exhibit good programmable memory properties, namely, large memory window ΔVth (greater than 20 V), a fast switching speed (10 μs), high ON/OFF current ratio (above 104), and good electrical reliability. The memory performance of the devices is significantly enhanced by molecular‐level manipulation of the protein NP layers, and various biomaterials with heme FeIII/FeII redox couples similar to a ferrihydrite phosphate core are also employed as charge storage dielectrics. Furthermore, when these protein NP multilayers are deposited onto poly(ethylene naphthalate) substrates coated with an indium tin oxide gate electrode and a 50‐nm‐thick high‐k Al2O3 gate dielectric layer, the approach is effectively extended to flexible protein transistor memory devices that have good electrical performance within a range of low operating voltages (<10 V) and reliable mechanical bending stability.
Abi3bp Is a Multifunctional Autocrine/Paracrine Factor that Regulates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology
Authors: Hodgkinson Conrad P. , Naidoo Vinogran , Patti Karl G. , Gomez Jose A. , Schmeckpeper Jeffrey , Zhang Zhiping , Davis Bryce , Pratt Richard E. , Mirotsou Maria , Dzau Victor J. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplanted into injured myocardium promote repair through paracrine mechanisms. We have previously shown that MSCs over-expressing AKT1 (Akt-MSCs) exhibit enhanced properties for cardiac repair. In this study, we investigated the relevance of Abi3bp toward MSC biology. Abi3bp formed extracellular deposits with expression controlled by Akt1 and ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Abi3bp knockdown/knockout stabilized focal adhesions and promoted stress-fiber formation. Furthermore, MSCs from Abi3bp knockout mice displayed severe deficiencies in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Knockout or stable knockdown of Abi3bp increased MSC and Akt-MSC proliferation, promoting S-phase entry via cyclin-d1, ERK1/2, and Src. Upon Abi3bp binding to integrin-β1 Src associated with paxillin which inhibited proliferation. In vivo, Abi3bp knockout increased MSC number and proliferation in bone marrow, lung, and liver. In summary, we have identified a novel extracellular matrix protein necessary for the switch from proliferation to differentiation in MSCs.
Synthesis of Tetrodotoxin, a Classic but Still Fascinating Natural Product
Authors: Nishikawa Toshio , Isobe Minoru 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTetrodotoxin, a toxic principle of puffer fish intoxication, is one of the most famous marine natural products due to its densely functionalized structure and potent toxicity. Despite its small molecular size (MW 319 g mol−1), tetrodotoxin has long been well known as a formidable molecule in natural product synthesis. We have devoted more than twenty years to developing synthetic strategies for this molecule, resulting in the preparation of a variety of analogues of tetrodotoxin for biological experiments. This account describes a brief history of tetrodotoxin research and an overview of our synthetic efforts toward tetrodotoxin with the underlying logic and strategy.
A new modified centroid classifier approach for automatic text classification
Authors: Elmarhoumy Mahmoud , Abdel Fattah Mohamed , Suzuki Motoyuki , Ren Fuji 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTo enhance the automatic text classification task, this paper proposes a novel approach for treating the problem of inductive bias incurred by the centroid classifier assumption. This approach is a trainable classifier, which takes into account tfidf as a text feature. The main goal of the proposed approach is to take advantage of the most similar training errors in the classification model for successively updating that model based on a certain threshold. The proposed approach is practical and flexible to implement. The complete performance of the proposed approach is measured at several threshold values on the Reuters‐21578 text categorization collection. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can improve the performance of the centroid classifier better than traditional approaches (traditional centroid classifier, support vector machines, decision trees, Bayes nets, and N Bayes) by 1, 1.2, 4.1, 7.5, and 11%, respectively. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Enzymatic Demulsification of the Oil‐Rich Emulsion Obtained by Aqueous Extraction of Peanut Seeds
Authors: Zhang Shao Bing , Liu Xiang Jun , Lu Qi Yu , Wang Zi Wei , Zhao Xiang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis study details the enzymatic destabilization of the emulsion formed during aqueous extraction of peanut seeds and the quality of the resulting oil. The emulsion was exposed to enzymatic treatment and pH adjustment. The experimental results suggest that the alkaline endopeptidase Mifong®2709 was the most effective demulsifier, while Phospholipase A2 and pH adjustment had little effect on emulsion stability. The demulsifying conditions of Mifong®2709 were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions which produced a free oil yield of ~94 % were: 1:1 water‐to‐emulsion ratio, enzyme concentration of 1,600 IU/g of emulsion and 70 min hydrolysis time at 50 °C. We found that these conditions resulted in a positive relationship (R2= 0.9671) between free oil yield and the degree of protein hydrolysis. Increased protease treatment produced a smaller number of oil droplets, but the size of these droplets increased significantly. When compared to demulsified oil products obtained by using thermal treatment, the oil obtained by Mifong®2709 exhibited lower acid and peroxide values, contained more tocopherols and had a longer induction time as determined in the Rancimat test. The high yield and quality of peanut oil obtained by enzymatic treatment makes enzyme demulsification a promising approach to recovering free oil in aqueous extractions of peanuts.
Predictors and pregnancy outcomes associated with a newborn birth weight of 4000 g or more in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Liu Katherine C. , Joseph Jessica A. , Nkole Theresa B. , Kaunda Eugine , Stringer Jeffrey S.A. , Chi Benjamin H. , Stringer Elizabeth M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo identify predictors and outcomes associated with a birth weight of 4000 g or more in Lusaka, Zambia.MethodsData from women who delivered between February 2006 and August 2011 were obtained from electronic perinatal records at 25 public sector facilities in Lusaka. Macrosomia was defined as a birth weight of 4000 g or more and normal birth weight as 2500–3999 g. Maternal and newborn characteristics were analyzed for association with macrosomia.ResultsThere were 4717 macrosomic and 187 117 normal birth weight newborns. The strongest predictors of macrosomia were high BMI (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.95–4.24), prior macrosomic newborn (AOR, 7.60; 95% CI, 6.81–8.49), and history of diabetes (AOR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.36–6.98). Macrosomic newborns were at increased risk for cesarean delivery (AOR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.35–1.96), fresh stillbirth (AOR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.56–3.21), Apgar score of under 7 at 5 minutes (AOR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.33–3.11), and neonatal intensive care admission (AOR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.32–3.23).ConclusionScreening for macrosomia should be considered for high‐risk patients in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Institutional delivery at facilities with operating rooms and neonatal intensive care services should be encouraged.
Preparedness of Anesthesiologists Working in Humanitarian Disasters
Authors: Rössler Bernhard , Marhofer Peter , Hüpfl Michael , Peterhans Bernadette , Schebesta Karl 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveMany skills needed to provide patients with safe, timely, and adequate anesthesia care during humanitarian crisis and disaster relief operations are not part of the daily routine before deployment. An exploratory study was conducted to identify preparedness, knowledge, and skills needed for deployment to complex emergencies.MethodsAnesthesiologists who had been deployed during humanitarian crisis and disaster relief operations completed an online questionnaire assessing their preparedness, skills, and knowledge needed during deployment. Qualitative data were sorted by frequencies and similarities and clustered accordingly.ResultsOf 121 invitations sent out, 55 (46%) were completed and returned. Of these respondents, 24% did not feel sufficiently prepared for the deployment, and 69% did not undertake additional education for their missions. Insufficient preparedness involved equipment, drugs, regional anesthesia, and related management.ConclusionsAs the lack of preparation and relevant training can create precarious situations, anesthesiologists and deploying agencies should improve preparedness for anesthesia personnel. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0;1–5)
Using pingers to reduce bycatch of small cetaceans in Peru's small-scale driftnet fishery
Authors: Mangel Jeffrey C. , Alfaro-Shigueto Joanna , Witt Matthew J. , Hodgson David J. , Godley Brendan J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThere is growing awareness that small-scale fisheries may have large impacts on threatened marine fauna. Bycatch of small cetaceans by the Peruvian small-scale driftnet fleet results in the deaths of thousands of animals annually. We sought to assess the effectiveness of acoustic alarms (pingers) for reducing the incidental capture of dolphins and porpoises by this fleet. Forty-three experimental trips (156 fishing sets) and 47 control trips (195 fishing sets) out of Salaverry Port, northern Peru, were observed from April 2009 to August 2011. Twenty-two percent of control sets captured small cetaceans (67 individuals) and 16% of experimental sets had captures of small cetaceans (33 individuals). The bycatch rate of experimental sets was 0.50 individuals km−2h−1, whereas for control sets the rate was 0.80 individuals km−2h−1. This 37% reduction in bycatch rate suggests that pingers may be effective in reducing the bycatch of small cetaceans in this fishery. Catch rates of the fishery's target shark and ray species were unchanged. Given the vast size of this fishery and its current levels of bycatch of small cetaceans (> 10,000 individuals annually), even the modest declines in bycatch we observed could result in reductions in mortality of hundreds or thousands of small cetaceans per annum. Challenges, including increased costs, to large-scale utilization of pingers have yet to be overcome. The harpooning of dolphins for use as bait will also need to be addressed for further reductions in dolphin and porpoise bycatch and mortality to be achievable.
Conservation, evidence and policy
Authors: Adams William. M. , Sandbrook Chris 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA growing literature argues for evidence-based conservation. This concept reflects a wider approach to policy-making and follows thinking in medicine, in which rigorous, objective analysis of evidence has contributed to widespread improvements in medical outcomes. Clearly, conservation decisions should be informed by the best information available. However, we identify issues relating to the type and sources of evidence commonly used and the way evidence-based conservation studies frame policy debate. In this paper we discuss two issues; firstly, we ask ‘what counts as evidence?’ (what is meant by evidence, and what kind of evidence is given credibility). We conclude that evidence-based conservation should adopt a broad definition of evidence to give meaningful space for qualitative data, and local and indigenous knowledge. Secondly, we ask ‘how does evidence count?’ (the relationship between evidence and the policy-making process). We conclude that there should be greater recognition that policy-making is a complex and messy process, and that the role of evidence in policy making can never be neutral. In the light of these issues we suggest some changes to build on developing practice under the title evidence-informed conservation. The change in terminology is subtle, yet it has profound implications in that it calls for a re-positioning and re-understanding of conservation science as one source of information among many for decision-makers.
Energy expenditure for egg production in arthropod ectoparasites: the effect of host species
Authors: KHOKHLOVA IRINA S. , FIELDEN LAURA J. , WILLIAMS JOSEPH B. , DEGEN A. ALLAN , KRASNOV BORIS R. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYWe studied the energy cost of egg production in two flea species (Parapulex chephrenisandXenopsylla ramesis) feeding on principal (Acomys cahirinusandMeriones crassus, respectively) and auxiliary (M. crassusandA. cahirinus, respectively) rodent hosts. We predicted that fleas feeding on principal as compared with auxiliary hosts will (a) expend less energy for egg production; (b) produce larger eggs and (c) live longer after oviposition. Both fleas produced more eggs and spent less energy per egg when exploiting principal hosts.Parapulex chephrenisproduced larger eggs after exploiting auxiliary hosts, while the opposite was true forX. ramesis. After oviposition,P. chephrenisfed on the auxiliary hosts survived for a shorter time than those fed on the principal hosts, while inX. ramesisthe survival time did not differ among hosts. Our results suggested that one of the proximate causes for lower reproductive performance and subsequent lower abundance of fleas on auxiliary hosts is the higher energy cost of egg production. However, in some species, lower offspring number may be compensated to some extent by their size, although this compensation may also compromise their future reproduction via decreased survival. In addition, the reproductive strategy of exploitation of low profitable (i.e. auxiliary) hosts may differ between flea species.
The emergence of echinococcosis in central Asia
Authors: TORGERSON P. R. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYFollowing the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, there was an increase in the number of cases of human echinococcosis recorded throughout central Asia. Between 1991 and 2001 incidence rates of cystic echinococcosis (CE) increased by 4 fold or more. There also appeared to be increases in prevalence of CE in livestock and prevalences of Echinococcus granulosus reported in dogs. The increase in human echinococcosis was associated with changes in livestock husbandry, decline in veterinary public health services, increases in dog populations and increased poverty, all of which served to promote transmission of E. granulosus. A few years after reports of increased transmission of E. granulosus, the first reports of E. multilocularis infection in dogs were recorded. Further studies indicated that in both Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan prevalences of up to 18% were present. Recently there has been a dramatic increase in the number of cases of human alveolar echinococcosis recorded in Kyrgyzstan with over 60 cases reported in 2011.
Prosocial peer affiliation suppresses genetic influences on non-aggressive antisocial behaviors during childhood
Authors: Burt S. A. , Klump K. L. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundAvailable research has suggested that affiliation with prosocial peers reduces child and adolescent antisocial behavior. However, the etiologic mechanisms driving this association remain unclear. The current study sought to evaluate whether this association takes the form of a gene–environment interaction (G × E) in which prosocial peer affiliation acts to reduce the consequences of genetic risk for non-aggressive antisocial behavior during childhood.MethodOur sample consisted of 500 twin pairs aged 6–10 years from the Michigan State University Twin Registry (MSUTR).ResultsThe results robustly support moderation by prosocial peer affiliation. Genetic influences on non-aggressive antisocial behavior were observed to be several times larger in those with lower levels of prosocial peer affiliation than in those with higher levels of prosocial peer affiliation. This pattern of results persisted even after controlling for gene–environment correlations and deviant peer affiliation, and when restricting our analyses to those twins who shared all or nearly all of their friends.ConclusionsSuch findings not only suggest that prosocial peer affiliation moderates genetic influences on non-aggressive antisocial behaviors during childhood but also provide support for the theoretical notion that protective environmental experiences may exert their influence by promoting resilience to genetic risk.
Psychological characteristics and motivation of women seeking labiaplasty
Authors: Veale D. , Eshkevari E. , Ellison N. , Costa A. , Robinson D. , Kavouni A. , Cardozo L. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundLabiaplasty is an increasingly popular surgical intervention but little is known about the characteristics and motivation of women who seek the procedure or the psychosexual outcome.MethodA total of 55 women seeking labiaplasty were compared with 70 women who did not desire labiaplasty. Various general measures of psychopathology as well as specific measures (Genital Appearance Satisfaction; Cosmetic Procedure Screening for labiaplasty) were used. Labia measurements of the women seeking labiaplasty were also obtained.ResultsWomen seeking labiaplasty did not differ from controls on measures of depression or anxiety. They did, however, express increased dissatisfaction towards the appearance of their genitalia, with lower overall sexual satisfaction and a poorer quality of life in terms of body image. Women seeking labiaplasty reported a significantly greater frequency of avoidance behaviours on all the domains assessed, and greater frequency of safety-seeking behaviours for most of the domains. Key motivations reported for labiaplasty were categorized as cosmetic, functional or sexual. Of the 55 women seeking labiaplasty, 10 met diagnostic criteria for body dysmorphic disorder.ConclusionsThis is the first controlled study to describe some of the characteristics and motivations of women seeking labiaplasty. We identified a wide range of avoidance and safety-seeking behaviours, which occurred more frequently in the labiaplasty group than the control group. These could be used clinically as part of a psychological intervention for women seeking labiaplasty.
Trajectories of functioning after remission from anxiety disorders: 2-year course and outcome predictors
Authors: Iancu S. C. , Batelaan N. M. , Zweekhorst M. B. M. , Bunders J. F. G. , Veltman D. J. , Penninx B. W. J. H. , van Balkom A. J. L. M. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundAnxiety disorders are associated with substantial functional limitations but the course of functioning following symptom remission remains largely unknown.MethodUsing data from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), we examined the 2-year trajectories of functioning in participants with chronic (n = 586) or remitting anxiety disorders (n = 385) and in healthy controls (n = 585). In participants with remitting anxiety disorders, we identified predictors of functioning from among sociodemographic, clinical and vulnerability variables. Data were analysed using linear mixed models (LMMs). Functioning was assessed with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHO DAS II).ResultsAt baseline, participants with remitting anxiety disorders functioned significantly better than those with chronic anxiety disorders, but significantly worse than controls. In both anxiety disorder groups, most impairment was reported in social functioning, occupational functioning and cognition. During the follow-up, functioning improved in both groups, probably due to treatments received. Participants who achieved symptom remission experienced moderate improvements in social functioning and cognition but not in occupational functioning. Of those who remitted, 45.8% reported functioning scores similar to healthy controls whereas 28.5% still functioned at the level of those with chronic anxiety disorders. Worse functioning was predicted by severe anxiety disorders, use of psychological treatment, co-morbid depressive disorders and maladaptive personality traits.ConclusionsIn anxiety disorders, symptom remission is accompanied by improvements in functioning but significant functional impairments may persist because of co-morbid disorders, lower functioning prior to the onset of the anxiety disorder or residual subthreshold anxiety symptoms.
Active inference and free energy
Authors: Friston Karl 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWhy do brains have so many connections? The principles exposed by Andy Clark provide answers to questions like this by appealing to the notion that brains distil causal regularities in the sensorium and embody them in models of their world. For example, connections embody the fact that causes have particular consequences. This commentary considers the imperatives for this form of embodiment.
Action-oriented predictive processing and the neuroeconomics of sub-cognitive reward
Authors: Ross Don 
Published: May 2013

AbstractClark expresses reservations about Friston's reductive interpretation of action-oriented predictive processing (AOPP) models of cognition, but he doesn't link these reservations to specific alternatives. Neuroeconomic models of sub-cognitive reward valuation, which, like AOPP, integrate attention with action based on prediction error, are such an alternative. They interpret reward valuation as an input to neocortical processing instead of reducing it.
Grounding predictive coding models in empirical neuroscience research
Authors: Egner Tobias , Summerfield Christopher 
Published: May 2013

AbstractClark makes a convincing case for the merits of conceptualizing brains as hierarchical prediction machines. This perspective has the potential to provide an elegant and powerful general theory of brain function, but it will ultimately stand or fall with evidence from basic neuroscience research. Here, we characterize the status quo of that evidence and highlight important avenues for future investigations.
When the predictive brain gets it really wrong
Authors: Buckingham Gavin , Goodale Melvyn A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractClark examines the notion of the “predictive brain” as a unifying model for cognitive neuroscience, from the level of basic neural processes to sensorimotor control. Although we are in general agreement with this notion, we feel that there are many details that still need to be fleshed out from the standpoint of perception and action.
Neuronal inference must be local, selective, and coordinated
Authors: Phillips William A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLife is preserved and enhanced by coordinated selectivity in local neural circuits. Narrow receptive-field selectivity is necessary to avoid the curse-of-dimensionality, but local activities can be made coherent and relevant by guiding learning and processing using broad coordinating contextual gain-controlling interactions. Better understanding of the functions and mechanisms of those interactions is therefore crucial to the issues Clark examines.