bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testosterone, Digit Ratio, and Aggression Among Youth in Conflict with the Law in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Gwarzo Mukhtar Isyaku , Sani Hassan , Safiyyu Umar Mujitapha 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Studies have associated testosterone with aggression, although with a weak and sometimes equivocal one. This study aimed to determine the correlation between testosterone and digit ratio (r2D:4D) using measures of aggression in youth in conflict with the law in Kano, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This case–control study involves 48 youth aged 11–16 years in conflict with the law living in a remand home. The participants were divided into two groups based on the reported history of violent behavior. Serum total testosterone level was determined using an ELISA kit. Aggression was determined by the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire, whereas r2D:4D was measured directly using a digital caliper. Independent-sample t test was used to determine differences in quantitative variables, while Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation.

Results:
The mean age of the participants is 15.23 years. Serum testosterone level was positively correlated with anger (r = 0.327, P = 0.023) among all participants and with physical aggression (r = 0.405, P = 0.032) among those with a history of violent behavior. However, r2D:4D did not correlate with aggression or serum testosterone. Testosterone explained 22% of variance in physical aggression and is a predictor of physical aggression (P = 0.046) among all study participants. Among those with a history of violent behavior, testosterone explained 41% of variance in physical aggression (P = 0.032); a 1 nmol increase in testosterone increases the physical aggression score by 0.41.

Conclusion:
testosterone level is positively correlated with anger and physical aggression in youth in conflict with the law in Kano, Nigeria, while the digit ratio is not.
A Rare Case of Thyroid Gland Metastasis from Laryngeal Cancer, Findings on [18F]FDG PET/CT
Authors: Singh Parneet , Singhal Tejasvini , Parida Girish Kumar , Kumar Pramit , Sethy Madhusmita , Das Deepak Kumar , Agrawal Kanhaiyalal , Patro P. Sai Sradha 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Thyroid gland metastases from nonthyroidal malignancies are extremely rare. The most common primary malignancies associated with metastasis to thyroid gland include renal cell carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, lung cancer, and breast cancer. Metastasis to thyroid rarely arises from primary laryngeal cancer. The presence of metastasis to thyroid gland is invariable and associated with poor prognosis and thus, should be differentiated from primary thyroid malignancy. Hereby, we have one such case of metastasis to thyroid gland from laryngeal cancer diagnosed on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan.
Impact of Respiratory-gated 4D PET/CT Scan for Motion Correction in Characterizing Lesions Adjacent to the Diaphragm – A Cross-sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Institute
Authors: Patro Sai Sradha P. , Aland Parag , James Vivek Mathew , Lele Vikram 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
The blur introduced by breathing motion degrades the diagnostic accuracy of whole-body F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) in lesions adjacent to the diaphragm by increasing the apparent size and by decreasing their metabolic activity. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of motion correction by four-dimensional phase-based respiratory-gated (RG) 18F-FDG PET-CT in improving metabolic parameters of lesions adjacent to the diaphragm (especially in the lungs or liver).

Materials and Methods:
Eighteen patients with known lung or liver lesions underwent conventional 18F-FDG PET-CT and respiratory-gated PET-CT acquisition of the desired region using a pressure-sensing, phase-based respiratory-gating system. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were obtained for these lesions from gated and nongated PET-CT images for analysis. Furthermore, a visual analysis of lesions was done.

Statistics:
Statistical significance of the RG image parameters was assessed by the two-tailed paired Student’s t test and confirmed with the robust nonparametric Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test (two-tailed asymptotic).

Results:
There was an overall significant increase in SUVmax (P 0.001) in all gating methods with a percentage increase maximum of about 18.13%. On gating methods, MTV decreased significantly (P = 0.001) than that of nongating method (maximum reduction of about 32.9%). There was a significant difference (P = 0.02) in TLG between gated and nongated methods.

Conclusion:
Motion correction with phase-based respiratory gating improves the diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging for lung and liver lesions by more accurate delineation of the lesion volume and quantitation of SUV and can thus impact staging, diagnosis as well as management in selected patients.
White Thyroid Scintigraphy
Authors: Zouggari Sara , Bsiss Mohamed Aziz , Matrane Aboubaker 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
White thyroid scintigraphy corresponds to an absence or near-absence of radiotracer fixation in the cervical region. After eliminating technical causes, the main etiologies are iodine overload, thyroiditis, and congenital hypothyroidism. We report the case of a 22-day-old newborn with congenital hypothyroidism. As part of the etiological assessment, a cervical ultrasound was performed and showed a normal echostructured thyroid gland with no detectable lesions or vascular anomalies. On the other hand, a Tc 99m thyroid scintigraphy was also performed and revealed a lack of radiotracer uptake in the thyroid area in favor of a white thyroid scintigraphy. Congenital hypothyroidism is the main cause of mental retardation. Thyroid scintigraphy plays an important role in the etiological diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism. A white thyroid scan and a thyroid in place on cervical ultrasound point to iodine transporter deficiency caused by sodium/iodide symporter gene mutations.
Delusory Radioiodine Uptake in Endometriotic Ovarian Cyst
Authors: Farhoudi Farinaz 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A 25-year-old woman with a known case of papillary thyroid carcinoma conventional type referred to our center for treatment with radioactive iodine after total thyroidectomy. She received 200 mCi of radioiodine, and in the whole-body scan 1 week after the radioiodine therapy, an area of increased absorption was seen on the right side of the pelvis, which was diagnosed as an endometriotic ovarian cyst in the follow-up examinations.
An Interesting Image of Carcinoma Breast with Renal Calyceal Diverticulum Mimicking Renal Metastasis on [18F]FDG PET/CT Scan
Authors: Bukke Surekha , Gavini Surya , Priya Rallapeta Ramya , Dhamarcherla S Hemalatha , Devi Bodagala Vijalakshmi , Kalawat Tekchand 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A diverticulum is an outpouching of a hollow (or fluid-filled) structure in the body. They are most commonly seen in the urinary bladder, intestine, and pharyngeal region and are rarely seen in renal calyces. They are usually benign, asymptomatic, and are coincidentally detected. Due to their nonspecific clinical and radiological picture, sometimes they mimic malignant tumors, leading to misdiagnosis and treatment. We are presenting a case of 60-year-old female with right breast carcinoma, on whole body 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography; we observed an interesting finding in the right renal region mimicking renal metastasis.
Comparison of intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma with combination of bupivacaine and corticosteroid in osteoarthritis knee
Authors: Malhotra Naveen , Aditi  , Kumar Amit , Sinha Neha , Gupta Disha , Bishnoi Prakriti 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
The use of intra-articular injection has been widely accepted as a therapy for pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee. We aimed to compare the efficacy of intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with a combination of bupivacaine and corticosteroid in osteoarthritis of the knee.

Material and Methods:
Fifty patients (aged more than 50 years) with pain pattern consistent with osteoarthritis of the knee who did not respond to conservative treatment were included in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups of 25 each: group I (n = 25) patients were administered fluoroscope-guided intra-articular knee injection of bupivacaine and steroid, and group II (n = 25) patients were administered intra-articular knee injection of PRP. In group I, patients were administered 9 ml of drug solution comprising 8 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine and 1 ml of triamcinolone (40 mg). In group II, patients were administered 6 ml of PRP. Pain, patient satisfaction, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were assessed at different time intervals before and after the procedure for up to 12 months.

Results:
Pain score and WOMAC were both clinically and statistically better at 2 weeks and 1 month after injection in group I (P < 0.05). But results were better clinically in group II compared to group I at 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure. More than 50% of patients in both groups had excellent satisfaction.

Conclusions:
Both techniques were effective in providing good analgesia. Pain relief and improvement in disability were clinically higher with PRP for longer duration.
Comparison of ultrasound and fluoroscopy-guided caudal epidural block in low back pain with radiculopathy: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Goel Shrey , Mitra Sukanya , Singh Jasveer , Jindal Swati , Upadhyay Prateek , Jindal Rohit 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Low back pain (LBP) with radiculopathy is a significant global health concern, often leading to reduced quality of life and work absenteeism. Steroid injection using the caudal epidural route offers a non-surgical approach to the management of chronic LBP with radiculopathy. Although fluoroscopy-guided injections are the standard, ultrasound-assisted injection is emerging as an alternative. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the feasibility and effectiveness of caudal epidural blocks assisted by ultrasound versus fluoroscopy in managing LBP with radiculopathy.

Material and Methods:
A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted with 30 patients aged 20–80 years suffering from chronic LBP and bilateral radiculopathy. Patients were assigned to ultrasound-assisted (group I) or fluoroscopy-guided (group II) caudal epidural injections. The primary outcome measure was needle placement time. Secondary outcomes included pain assessment, disability evaluation, patient satisfaction, and adverse effects. Statistical analyses were performed using t-tests, ANOVA, and Chi-square tests.

Results:
The fluoroscopy-guided group exhibited statistically significantly shorter needle placement time (137.13 s) compared to the ultrasound-assisted group (185.60 s) (P < 0.001). Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in pain scores and disability indexes from their respective baselines. Patient satisfaction and adverse effects were comparable between the groups.

Conclusion:
Although fluoroscopy remains the gold standard for caudal epidural injections, ultrasound-assisted procedures demonstrated comparable pain relief, disability improvement, patient satisfaction, and adverse effects. Ultrasound guidance shows promise as technology and expertise advance, offering a potential alternative for managing LBP with radiculopathy.
Guía general de estudio para la asignatura: Comercio de servicios
Authors: A. Daniel Zaldivar 
Published: August 2024

Estimados estudiantes,
Nos complace darles la más cordial bienvenida a la asignatura de Comercio de Servicios, que se ofrece como parte del segundo nivel de su programa académico. Esta disciplina desempeña un papel significativo en su formación profesional, al brindarles herramientas esenciales para comprender y gestionar eficazmente el comercio de servicios a nivel internacional.
El comercio de servicios, en el contexto de la globalización económica, ha adquirido una relevancia característica, constituyéndose como un pilar fundamental en el desarrollo económico y la expansión de mercados a nivel mundial. La materia está diseñada para que desarrollen competencias integrales en la planificación, organización, dirección y evaluación de la gestión de servicios, considerados activos intangibles que potencian la capacidad exportadora de las empresas en el ámbito internacional.
A través del estudio de esta asignatura, se espera que adquieran una visión estratégica de cómo los servicios pueden ser diseñados, mejorados y comercializados para satisfacer las demandas en un mercado global competitivo.
Se abordarán temas como la normativa internacional de comercio de servicios, estrategias de internacionalización de servicios, y la importancia de la calidad y la innovación en la oferta de servicios.
Estamos convencidos de que los conocimientos y habilidades que adquirirán en este curso serán de gran valor en su futuro profesional. Les deseamos mucho éxito en esta jornada académica, confiando en que será una experiencia enriquecedora y fundamental para su desarrollo como futuros líderes en el sector del comercio internacional de servicios.
Atentamente,Msc. Daniel Zaldivar A. Tecnológico Universitario de Formación
Navigating Occupational Challenges: First Responders’ Perspectives on Dietary Intake and Behavior
Authors: Gonzalez Drew , Gil Adriana , Sowinski Ryan , Mackenzie-Shalders Kristen , Martin Steven , Orr Rob 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate first responders' dietary beliefs, habits, and food choices.
Methods: Cross-sectional data were obtained from 21 first responders via validated questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 29 software.
Results: 21 first responders, including 13 law enforcement officers and eight firefighters, participated (age=37.8±10.0 years, height=180.8±6.5 cm, body mass=94.3±13.1 kg, and body mass index=28.9±4.5 kg/m2). Most participants reported being very willing (n=8, 39.1%) or willing (n=7, 33.3%) to change their eating habits. Barriers to healthy eating included busy lifestyles (n=19, 95%), irregular working hours (n=13, 65%), and willpower (n=10, 50%). Participants also placed importance on several food choice factors.
Conclusions: First responders reported valuing healthy eating. However, unique barriers challenge them despite their willingness to improve their habits. These data may aid further investigation of healthy eating strategies in these populations.
Educação popular e educação de jovens e adultos na américa latina: um panorama histórico e contemporâneo
Authors: Santos Jaqueline Alves Calaça , Castro Rosangela da Costa , Gomes Kelly Cintra , Rodrigues Iane Samara Araújo , Sousa Andreia Araujo , Santos Paulo César Marques de Andrade , Nunes Eduardo José Fernandes 
Published: August 2024

A Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) é uma modalidade de ensino que busca por meio de seus programas extinguir principalmente o índice de analfabetismo, presente predominantemente em países pouco desenvolvidos e de baixa renda. Nesse contexto, este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar criticamente os desafios e perspectivas da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) e da Educação Popular na América Latina. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi escolhida como metodologia por permitir um levantamento abrangente e detalhado das teorias, conceitos e práticas relacionadas ao tema, bem como uma análise das políticas públicas e programas implementados na região. A EJA e a Educação Popular na América Latina enfrentou desafios significativos devido à desigualdade social, falta de infraestrutura educacional adequada e de políticas públicas inconsistentes. No entanto, avanços foram alcançados através de programas governamentais e iniciativas da sociedade civil, visando proporcionar acesso à educação básica e continuada para Jovens e adultos.
Research on the Problems and Solutions of China's Foreign Exchange Market
Authors: Ran Xinlu 
Published: August 2024

This study delves into the intricate dynamics of China's foreign exchange (FX) market, emphasizing its essential role in the global financial ecosystem and China's economic architecture. Recognizing the FX market's critical importance, the Chinese government has carefully managed its transaction from a tightly controlled system to one progressively influenced by market forces since its foundation in the early 1990s. Despite significant advancements, the RMB FX market confronts challenges including limited responsiveness of the RMB exchange rate to market demands, capital flow restrictions, and external vulnerabilities, especially the impact of U.S. monetary policies and global economic uncertainties. Through comprehensive analysis, this research identifies these core issues and proposes targeted strategies for addressing them, such as gradual liberalization of the exchange rate mechanism, enhancing the openness of capital accounts, and promoting RMB internationalization. These solutions aim not only to address the current challenges but also to strengthen RMB FX market against future external shocks, contributing to its stability and integration into the global financial system. This thesis offers valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, guiding endeavors to enhance the functionality and adaptability of China’s foreign exchange market in the face of changing national and global landscapes.
Changes in the Sex Ratio of Species Based on the Lotka-Volterra Equation
Authors: Tong Junjie 
Published: August 2024

Changes in sex ratio have an important impact on the species as well as the surrounding ecological environment. In this paper, a predator-prey model and the Lotka-Volterra equation were developed to study the population dynamics of the species and the relationship between the changes in sex ratio, taking lampreys as an example. A sex-ratio adjustment function was introduced to modify the model to simulate the effects of populations of species with different sex ratios on prey abundance compared to populations with a standard 1:1 sex ratio. At the same time, the evolutionary trend of the ecosystem under different scenarios was investigated by modelling the system dynamics of species populations with other species based on the Lotka-Volterra equation. After incorporating the quantitative relationship between food availability and the sex ratio of species populations to refine the model, the effects of changes in sex ratio on the ecosystem were again analysed.
The Application of DCF in Company Valuation: Case of NVIDIA
Authors: Le Xi 
Published: August 2024

Company valuation has always been a crucial theme in financial analysis and corporate management. It plays an important role in both corporate strategic adjustment and investment selection. NVIDIA is an American leading technology company dedicated to expanding into various areas including graphics processing units (GPUs), artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous vehicles, data centers, and other products. The stock of NVIDIA has been rising for several years and attract much attention from investors. Therefore, this paper combines DCF model with Fundamental analysis to value NVIDIA. Results of Fundamental Analysis shows that NVIDIA is in an accelerating technical environment. It has the product advantages in graphics processing units (GPUs) and artificial intelligence. From the results of DCF model, NVIDIA is outperforming as the current stock price far exceeds the estimated one, which shows that Nvidia's current share price is overvalued. Through case study, not only can it help the company position itself correctly, but also provide investors with a stock selection reference.
Study of Green GDP Based on the Ecological Footprint Model
Authors: Wang Wei , Song Jiayue , Dai Yunjie 
Published: August 2024

To explicitly assess the impact of the implementation of GGDP policies on global climate, this paper analyzes multiple manifestations of climate change. Using analytic hierarchy process, the significance of each manifestation was assessed, with carbon dioxide being the most significant. In this paper, "carbon emissions" is used as a research index, and the relation function y=68.56 + 0.002* investment in environmental governance + 0.004* investment in environmental degradation was obtained by fitting the carbon emission variation and the sum of investment in environmental pollution control and environmental degradation with least square method. In addition, this paper introduces the "ecological footprint model", which uses the ecological footprint demand and ecological carrying capacity to jointly calculate the ecological damage level index of a country or region, to evaluate the sustainable development level and assist the carbon emission model to objectively evaluate the impact of the implementation of GGDP policies on the global climate. The advantages and disadvantages of the implementation of GGDP policy are also analyzed, the EKC curve is introduced, and suggestions for improvement are put forward for the possible fairness problems.
Analisis Tren K-pop terhadap Motivasi Belajar Bahasa Inggris di Kalangan Gen-Z
Authors: Rahma Arifatuzzahra  , Maila Syakhshiyatul Ma’rufah  , Annisa Sultan Alfiani  , Amalia Fajriyyatin Najichah  
Published: August 2024

This research analyzes the impact of the K-pop trend on motivation to learn English among Gen-Z. The study identified that the importance of English for educational and career purposes encourages Gen-Z to learn it. However, there are factors that contribute to decreased motivation, such as uninteresting learning materials, social stigma, lack of confidence, and time constraints. In recent years, the K-pop phenomenon has provided an interesting and non-monotonous approach to learning English. Gen-Z is inspired to learn English through K-pop content on platforms such as YouTube, TikTok and Instagram. In addition, fandom interactions on social media require English as the language of communication. K-pop idols also actively interact with fans in English through YouTube channels and live streaming apps. The presence of English subtitles in K-pop content, the use of English lyrics in songs, and the use of English platforms by idol agencies further increase the motivation to learn English among Gen-Z. This research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of K-pop trends on Gen-Z's motivation to learn English as well as the factors that contribute to this motivation. The results of this study are expected to deepen our understanding of the relationship between the K-pop trend and motivation to learn English, as well as facilitate the understanding of the relationship between the K-pop trend and motivation to learn English. and facilitate the development of effective language learning strategies