bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioenergy harvest, climate change, and forest carbon in the Oregon Coast Range
Authors: Creutzburg Megan K. , Scheller Robert M. , Lucash Melissa S. , Evers Louisa B. , LeDuc Stephen D. , Johnson Mark G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractForests provide important ecological, economic, and social services, and recent interest has emerged in the potential for using residue from timber harvest as a source of renewable woody bioenergy. The long‐term consequences of such intensive harvest are unclear, particularly as forests face novel climatic conditions over the next century. We used a simulation model to project the long‐term effects of management and climate change on above‐ and belowground forest carbon storage in a watershed in northwestern Oregon. The multi‐ownership watershed has a diverse range of current management practices, including little‐to‐no harvesting on federal lands, short‐rotation clear‐cutting on industrial land, and a mix of practices on private nonindustrial land. We simulated multiple management scenarios, varying the rate and intensity of harvest, combined with projections of climate change. Our simulations project a wide range of total ecosystem carbon storage with varying harvest rate, ranging from a 45% increase to a 16% decrease in carbon compared to current levels. Increasing the intensity of harvest for bioenergy caused a 2–3% decrease in ecosystem carbon relative to conventional harvest practices. Soil carbon was relatively insensitive to harvest rotation and intensity, and accumulated slowly regardless of harvest regime. Climate change reduced carbon accumulation in soil and detrital pools due to increasing heterotrophic respiration, and had small but variable effects on aboveground live carbon and total ecosystem carbon. Overall, we conclude that current levels of ecosystem carbon storage are maintained in part due to substantial portions of the landscape (federal and some private lands) remaining unharvested or lightly managed. Increasing the intensity of harvest for bioenergy on currently harvested land, however, led to a relatively small reduction in the ability of forests to store carbon. Climate change is unlikely to substantially alter carbon storage in these forests, absent shifts in disturbance regimes.
BRAF V600E mutational status in bile duct adenomas and hamartomas
Authors: Pujals Anaïs , Bioulac‐Sage Paulette , Castain Claire , Charpy Cécile , Zafrani Elie Serge , Calderaro Julien 
Published: February 2015

AimsBile duct adenomas (BDA) and bile duct hamartomas (BDH) are benign bile duct lesions considered neoplastic or secondary to ductal plate malformation, respectively. We have reported previously a high prevalence of BRAF V600E mutations detected by allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction assay in BDA, and suggested that BDA may be precursors to a subset of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas harbouring V600E mutations. The aim of the present study was to assess the existence of BRAF V600E mutations, using immunohistochemical methods, in additional BDA as well as in BDH.Methods and resultsFifteen BDA and 35 BDH were retrieved from the archives of the pathology departments of two French university hospitals. All cases were reviewed by two pathologists specialized in liver diseases. BRAF V600E mutational status was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Mutated BRAF mutant protein was detected in 53% of the BDA and in none of the cases of BDH.ConclusionOur findings suggest that BDA and BDH are different processes, and that BDA represent true benign neoplasms. They also support the hypothesis that mutated BDA might precede the development of the subset of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas harbouring BRAF V600E mutations.
Increased proliferation and adhesion properties of human dental pulp stem cells in PLGA scaffolds via simulated microgravity
Authors: He L. , Pan S. , Li Y. , Zhang L. , Zhang W. , Yi H. , Song C. , Niu Y. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimTo explore the possibility of utilizing a rotary cell culture system (RCCS) to model simulated microgravity and investigate its effects on the proliferation, adhesion, migration and cytoskeletal organization of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) on poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds.MethodologyIsolated and identified hDPSCs grown on PLGA scaffolds were exposed to simulated microgravity (SMG) or normal gravity (NG) conditions for 3 days. MTT cell proliferation assays, BrdU incorporation assays, flow cytometry analysis and Western blotting were undertaken to identify the proliferation ability of hDPSCs under SMG conditions. Additionally, immunofluorescence detection, SEM observations and cell migration and adhesion assays were performed to compare adhesion, migration and cytoskeletal changes in hDPCSs subjected to SMG conditions. To further investigate the mechanisms, human pathway‐focused matrix and adhesion PCR array analyses were performed. The Student's t‐test was used for statistical analyses.ResultsSMG promoted proliferation and adhesion, decreased migration and reorganized the cytoskeletal organization of hDPSCs compared with the NG group. PCR array analyses revealed that following SMG treatment, ITGA6 (integrin alpha‐6), ITGAV (integrin alpha‐V), ITGB1 (integrin beta‐1), LAMB1 (laminin beta‐1) and TNC (tenascin‐C) were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSMG may regulate the behaviour of hDPSCs grown in PLGA scaffolds in an integrin‐mediated manner, which may contribute to tooth tissue engineering by increasing their expandability and scaffold adhesion.
Trade unions at the workplace
Authors: Brown William 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe early research work of Lord McCarthy was innovative in terms of both method and findings. His analysis of the closed shop revealed its extent and growth to be far greater than then thought. His subsequent analysis of the role of shop stewards had a profound effect on the 1968 Report of the Royal Commission on Trade Unions and Employer Associations. It also pioneered the use of surveys in industrial relations research.
An overview of Bill McCarthy's academic and political engagement with industrial relations
Authors: Undy Roger 
Published: February 2015

AbtractThis article reviews Lord (Bill) McCarthy's contributions to industrial relations research and his related engagement with national policy making over the period 1964 to 1997. In this process the academics and academic institutions which were integral to Bill's work are also noted as is Bill's development as one of Britain's leading arbitrators. An attempt is also made to capture some of the character of Bill's work including his sometimes combative approach to discussions in seminars and other forums. His determination to contribute work which both made a difference and aided the Labour Movement is also stressed. Last, the six companion pieces, all written by people who knew Bill personally but who explore different aspects of his work, are briefly introduced.
Engaging with management
Authors: Kessler Ian , Kessler Sidney 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article examines Bill McCarthy's engagement with management, distinguishing between supply and demand side forms of involvement. Arguing that McCarthy placed considerable weight on management as the main driver of industrial relations reform, the article highlights the prescriptive advice and support Bill supplied on such reform. Noting that McCarthy was regularly in demand to teach managers and conduct major inquiries on key industrial relations issues and problems, the article suggests that Bill was clearly trusted and held in high esteem by management despite his strong and explicit commitment to the labour movement.
Microwave Dielectric Properties and Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Currents of (1 − x)MgTiO3–xCa0.8Sr0.2TiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yue Zhenxing , Zhou Yuanyuan , Zhang Xiaohua , Li Longtu 
Published: February 2015

(1 − x)MgTiO3–xCa0.8Sr0.2TiO3 (0.04 ≤ x ≤ 0.2, MT‐CST) composite ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid‐state reaction process. The phase composition, microwave dielectric properties, and microwave dielectric loss mechanisms were studied. Ca0.8Sr0.2TiO3 was employed as a τf compensator for MgTiO3, and they coexisted well without forming any secondary phases. Interestingly, significant dielectric relaxations associated with oxygen vacancy defects were observed in all the MT‐CST ceramics through the dielectric‐temperature spectra. Thermally simulated depolarization current was therefore conducted to obtain the defects associated with extrinsic dielectric loss mechanisms. The concentrations of both defect dipole and in‐grain oxygen vacancies increased with the increasing x, which could induce microwave dielectric loss consequently. It demonstrated that the behaviors of Q × f were basically influenced by phase composition and defects here. Temperature‐stable ceramics can be achieved at x = 0.06, where the microwave dielectric properties were εr = 21.19, Q × f = 110 900 GHz (f = 9.295 GHz), and τf = −0.9 ppm/°C, respectively.
Observation of Particle Motion in High‐Concentration Ceramic Slurries Under Low Shear Rate
Authors: Nagasawa Yoshihiro , Uematsu Masako , Takahashi Yuuki , Kato Zenji , Uematsu Keizo , Tanaka Satoshi 
Published: February 2015

The dispersed state of particles in high‐concentration slurries has a significant effect on the development of the particle packing structure of the powder compact. We observed individual particle motion directly in highly concentrated ceramic slurries under slow flow through confocal laser scanning fluorescent microscopy using transparent slurries. In particular, we focused on particle motion soon after the application of a constant low shear rate. Measurements of the shear stresses indicated that the stress of a 30 vol% slurry gradually increased from 0.018 Pa over time, whereas the stress of a 40 vol% slurry soon reached 0.03 Pa and remained constant. For direct observation, shear stress was applied to the slurry, which was set between two glass plates, by moving one unilateral glass plate at 0.8 μm/s, to create a shear rate of 0.01 s−1. The motion of the particles could be observed continuously. In the early stage, particles in the 30 vol% slurry near the moving plate were united as one body and did not alternate positions. Then, a speed incline developed gradually over time. For the 40 vol% case, the particles moved at the same time and together. Increases in the shear stress were caused by increased interaction when the particles were close together.
Preparation, Design, and Characterization of the Novel Long Persistent Phosphors: Na2ZnGeO4 and Na2ZnGeO4:Mn2+
Authors: Jin Yahong , Hu Yihua , Fu Yinrong , Ju Guifang , Mu Zhongfei , Chen Ren , Lin Jun , Wang Zhonghua 
Published: February 2015

A novel blue‐emitting phosphor Na2ZnGeO4 and a novel green‐emitting phosphor Na2ZnGeO4:Mn2+ have been newly developed via high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. The crystal structure of Na2ZnGeO4 has been identified. Energy transfer from Na2ZnGeO4 host to Mn2+ ions was affirmed. Undoped and Mn2+‐doped Na2ZnGeO4 phosphors exhibit blue and green long persistent luminescence (LPL) with persistent duration more than 40 min and 4 h, respectively. The traps created in host lattice were clarified. The LPL mechanism in Na2ZnGeO4 and Na2ZnGeO4: Mn2+ was discussed briefly. This investigation provides two new and efficient long persistent phosphors (LPPs).
Multifunctional Alumina Composites with Toughening and Crack‐Healing Features Via Incorporation of NiAl Particles
Authors: Huang Mingyue , Li Zhong , Wu Jin , Khor Khiam Aik , Huo Fengwei , Duan Fei , Lim Seng Chuan , Yip Mee Sin , Yang Jinglei 
Published: February 2015

In this research, NiAl particles modified Al2O3 composites with toughening and crack‐healing performances were prepared by spark plasma sintering. The toughening effects as a function of the NiAl particle size and content were systematically investigated. The fracture toughness was increased by 80% compared with pure alumina after incorporation of 1 μm NiAl particles at 15 wt%. A self‐healing process of damaged composites induced by indentation was found to occur, mediated by oxidation of NiAl at elevated temperatures with the size of the NiAl particles. Atomic force microscopy was adopted to characterize the crack‐healing performance and to explore the healing mechanism under each healing condition. The best crack‐healing efficiency of 99.2% was found in the composite containing 1 μm NiAl at 15 wt% that was annealed at 1300°C for 5 h. In addition, the fracture toughness of the composite was further enhanced by 40% after the crack‐healing process. These multifunctional ceramic composites may have promising and broad application in areas such as thermal barrier coatings, fuel cell membranes, etc.
ABORTED GAMETOPHYTE 1 is required for gametogenesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Cui Hong‐Hui , Liao Hong‐Ze , Tang Yu , Du Xin‐Yu , Chen Li‐Qun , Ye De , Zhang Xue‐Qin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn flowering plants, the male and female gametogenesis is a crucial step of sexual reproduction. Although many genes have been identified as being involved in the gametogenesis process, the genetic mechanisms underlying gametogenesis remains poorly understood. We reported here characterization of the gene, ABORTED GAMETOPHYTE 1 (AOG1) that is newly identified as essential for gametogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. AOG1 is expressed predominantly in reproductive tissues including the developing pollen grains and ovules. The AOG1 protein shares no significant amino acid sequence similarity with other documented proteins and is located mainly in nuclei of the cells. Mutation in AOG1 caused degeneration of pollen at the uninucleate microspore stage and severe defect in embryo sacs, leading to a significant reduction in male and female fertility. Furthermore, the molecular analyses showed that the aog1 mutant significantly affected the expression of several genes, which are required for gametogenesis. Our results suggest that AOG1 plays important roles in gametogenesis at the stage prior to pollen mitosis I (PMI) in Arabidopsis, possibly through collaboration with other genes.
Phosphodiesterase‐3B‐cAMP Pathway of Leptin Signalling in the Hypothalamus is Impaired During the Development of Diet‐Induced Obesity in FVB/N Mice
Authors: Sahu M. , Anamthathmakula P. , Sahu A. 
Published: February 2015

The phosphodiesterase‐3B (PDE3B)‐cAMP pathway plays an important role in transducing the action of leptin in the hypothalamus. Obesity is usually associated with hyperleptinaemia and resistance to anorectic and body weight‐reducing effects of leptin. To determine whether the hypothalamic PDE3B‐cAMP pathway of leptin signalling is impaired during the development of diet‐induced obesity (DIO), we fed male FVB/N mice a high‐fat diet (HFD: 58% kcal as fat) or low‐fat diet (LFD: 6% kcal as fat) for 4 weeks. HFD fed mice developed DIO in association with hyperphagia, hyperleptinaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. Leptin (i.p.) significantly increased hypothalamic PDE3B activity and phosphorylated (p)‐Akt levels in LFD‐fed but not in HFD‐fed mice. However, basal p‐Akt levels in hypothalamus were increased in DIO mice. Additionally, amongst six‐microdissected brain nuclei examined, leptin selectively decreased cAMP levels in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of LFD‐fed mice but failed to do so in HFD‐fed mice. We next tested whether both the PBE3B and Akt pathways of leptin signalling remained impaired in DIO mice on the HFD for 12 weeks (long‐term). DIO mice were hyperinsulinaemic and hyperleptinaemic in association with impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. Although, in LFD‐fed mice, leptin significantly increased PDE3B activity and p‐Akt levels in the hypothalamus, it failed to do so in HFD‐fed mice. Also, basal p‐Akt levels in the hypothalamus were increased in DIO mice and leptin had no further effect. Similarly, immunocytochemistry showed that leptin increased the number of p‐Akt‐positive cells in the ARC of LFD‐fed but not in HFD‐fed mice, and there was an increased basal number of p‐Akt positive cells in the ARC of DIO mice. These results suggest that the PDE3B‐cAMP‐ and Akt‐pathways of leptin signalling in the hypothalamus are impaired during the development of DIO. Thus, a defect in the regulation by leptin of the hypothalamic PDE3B‐cAMP pathway and Akt signalling may be one of the mechanisms of central leptin resistance and the development of DIO.
Predictors ofHIVenacted stigma among Chilean women
Authors: Cianelli Rosina , Villlegas Natalia , De Oliveira Giovanna , Hires Kimberly , Gattamorta Karina , Ferrer Lilian , Peragallo Nilda 
Published: February 2015

Aims and objectivesTo investigate if socio‐demographic factors, religiosity,HIV‐related knowledge, Marianismo, history of having been tested forHIV, knowing someone who died ofAIDSandHIVrisk perception were predictive factors toHIVenacted stigma predictors among Chilean women.BackgroundHIVinfection is the number one cause of death among women during their reproductive years. In Chile, studies with people living withHIVdemonstrate the existence ofHIV‐related stigma. However, limited evidence is available about the underlying causes ofHIVenacted stigma that results in stigmatisation and discrimination.DesignThe current cross‐sectional study is a secondary analysis of data collected to assess the impact of anHIVprevention intervention (Mano a Mano‐Mujer) designed for Chilean women. A quasi‐experimental design was used in the original study.MethodsThis study was conducted in two communities in Santiago, Chile. The sample for this study consisted of 496 Chileans between ages 18–49. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were used for the analysis.ResultsParticipants in the study reported high levels (77·8%) ofHIVenacted stigma. Higher levels ofHIV‐related knowledge were associated with lower levels ofHIVenacted stigma. Women with higher education had lower levels ofHIVenacted stigma than women with elementary education. In addition, greater levels ofmarianismo(cultural belief that women should be passive, faithful, and devoted to family) were associated with higher HIV enacted stigma scores.ConclusionsThe findings reflected the presence ofHIVenacted stigma among Chilean women. Identifying the significant predictors ofHIVenacted stigma can help the nursing community to designHIVprevention interventions that include the reduction inHIVenacted stigma.HIVevidence‐based prevention interventions should incorporate contents related to stigma to contribute to preventHIVenacted stigma at individual and community levels in accordance with the bioecological model.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this study could serve to developHIVprevention interventions that target the reduction inHIVenacted stigma.
Brain Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Findings in the Stroke‐like Migraine Attacks after Radiation Therapy (SMART) Syndrome
Authors: Gómez‐Cibeira Emilio , Calleja‐Castaño Patricia , Gonzalez de la Aleja Jesus , Sierra‐Hidalgo Fernando , Ruiz Morales Juan , Salvador‐Alvarez Elena , Ramos‐Gonzalez Ana 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA 41‐year‐old male presented with an acute onset of headache, confusion, seizures, and unilateral focal neurological deficit 25 years after receiving whole‐brain radiation therapy to treat a cerebellar medulloblastoma. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a thick unilateral parieto‐occipital cortical contrast enhancement. A diagnosis of “Stroke‐like Migraine Attacks after Radiation Therapy” (SMART) syndrome was made. Here, we describe the brain MR spectroscopy findings of SMART, showing a decrease in N‐acetyl‐aspartate and increased levels of creatine and choline, corresponding with neuronal destruction or transient neuronal impairment with mild nonspecific gliosis. The absence of a lactate peak suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction, vasospasm or ischemic mechanisms were not involved.
PREDICTION OF CARE BURDEN OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING HAEMODIALYSIS: DEVELOPMENT OF A MEASURING TOOL
Authors: de Kleijn Ria , Hagen Chris , Uyl‐de Groot Carin , Pasker‐de Jong Pieternel , ter Wee Piet 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYBackgroundThe ageing of the population and new options for therapy have led to an increase in the number of patients undergoing dialysis. Rising costs in health care and new financial structures impose funding constraints on dialysis departments and force the departments to deploy nurses more efficiently. Therefore, predicting the nursing time spent on the care of patients is important.ObjectiveDevelopment of a classification tool to predict the burden of nursing care of patients undergoing dialysis.DesignObservational study.Participants242 patients on dialysis in 12 centres.MeasurementsThe time spent on nursing care within predefined areas, including patient independence, vascular access, psychosocial support, dialysis complexity, communication and specific nursing actions, was measured by observers. Average times and their standard deviations (SD) were calculated. Variation of patient characteristics was analysed.ResultsThe average care time required for the four routine investigated domains, namely independence, vascular access, psychosocial support and dialysis complexity, was 59.23 (SD = 24.30) minutes per treatment per patient.ConclusionOur study shows that it is possible to predict the burden of nursing care of patients undergoing dialysis by means of a classification model.
HEDONIC ANALYSIS OVER TIME AND SPACE: THE CASE OF HOUSE PRICES AND TRAFFIC NOISE
Authors: Swoboda Aaron , Nega Tsegaye , Timm Maxwell 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTOne consequence of the expanding road network and its associated traffic is increased levels of traffic noise. While the hedonic literature has consistently found a negative relationship between real estate prices and noise levels, research in the United States has typically relied on crude measures of traffic noise. Here, we reduce the measurement error of traffic noise exposure through a detailed model of noise propagation over the landscape. We then estimate the hedonic relationship between noise and single family house prices using over 40,000 transactions throughout the St. Paul, Minnesota, urban area from 2005 to 2010. We implement spatially and temporally flexible local regression techniques and find significant nonstationarity in the hedonic function over time and space.
Short‐term wound complications and predictive variables for complication after limb amputation in dogs and cats
Authors: Raske M. , McClaran J. K. , Mariano A. 
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVESTo identify short‐term wound complications and associated predictive factors following amputation in dogs and cats.MATERIALS AND METHODSRetrospective review of case records of dogs and cats undergoing thoracic or pelvic limb amputation. Preoperative data on signalment, body weight, limb amputated, reason for amputation and laboratory parameters were collected. Details regarding surgical procedures and use of anaesthesia such as total surgical and anaesthesia times, incidences of intraoperative hypotension or hypothermia, method of muscle excision and type of skin closure utilized were recorded. Postoperative data on duration of hospital stay, use of postoperative antibiotics, use of a wound soaker catheter, wound complications noted both during hospitalization and at recheck and treatments if applicable were collected.RESULTSIn total, 67 records were identified including 39 dogs and 28 cats. Wound infection/inflammation complications occurred in 20.9% of cases and wound infection complications in 9%; 12.8% in dogs and 3.6% in cats. One (1.5%) complication was classified as major, which occurred immediately postoperatively. Nine (13.4%) minor complications occurred immediately after surgery and four (6.0%) were identified at recheck. Age was the only significant predictor of postoperative infection/inflammation following pelvic or thoracic limb amputation.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEShort‐term wound complications following pelvic or thoracic limb amputation in cats and dogs were typically minor and resolved after treatment.