bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relation Between Reporting Quality and Financing and Investment: Evidence from Changes in Financing Capacity
Authors: BALAKRISHNAN KARTHIK , CORE JOHN E. , VERDI RODRIGO S. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWe use changes in the value of a firm's real estate assets as an exogenous change in a firm's financing capacity to examine (1) the relation between reporting quality and financing and investment conditional on this change, and (2) firms’ reporting quality responses to the change in financing capacity. We find that financing and investment by firms with higher reporting quality is less affected by changes in real estate values than are financing and investment by firms with lower reporting quality. Further, firms increase reporting quality in response to decreases in financing capacity. Our findings contribute to the literature on reporting quality and investment, and on the determinants of reporting quality choices.
Extraction of Lycopene from Tomato Paste by Ursodeoxycholic Acid Using the Selective Inclusion Complex Method
Authors: Seifi Mahmoud , Seifi Parisa , Hadizadeh Farzin , Mohajeri Seyed Ahmad 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLycopene, a precursor of β‐carotene with well‐known antioxidant activity and powerful health properties, can be found in many natural products such as tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), watermelon, red pepper, and papaya. Many separation methods have been reported for extracting lycopene from its sources. The inclusion complex is an effective method for extraction and purification of organic chemicals. This procedure has 2 main components: host and guest molecules. In this study, lycopene (guest) was extracted from tomato paste by ursodeoxycholic acid, the inclusive agent (host). The molecular structure of the extracted lycopene was then confirmed by 1HNMR and its purity was evaluated using high‐performance liquid chromatography and UV‐Vis spectrophotometry methods, in comparison with a standard product. The results indicated that the proposed separation method was very promising and could be used for the extraction and purification of lycopene from tomato paste.
Prevalence of celiac disease in Iranian patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shayesteh Ali Akbar , Hajiani Eskandar , Hashemi Seyed Jalal , Masjedizadeh Abdolrahim , Latifi Seyed Mahmod , Shayesteh Mehdi 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveThis study was aimed to determine the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and its subtypes in a group of Iranian patients.MethodsFrom March 2007 to June 2009, 465 consecutive patients who were referred to the gastroenterology clinic of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences and fulfilled the Rome III criteria for IBS were included. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti‐tissue transglutaminase (IgA‐tTG) and anti‐gliadin antibody (AGA) levels were measured. CD was confirmed by gastroduodenoscopy and biopsy in patients with abnormal antibodies.ResultsFive patients had only elevated IgA‐tTG, 26 with only elevated AGA, and in 16 patients abnormal results for both antibodies were reported. Duodenal biopsies from these 47 patients confirmed CD in 13 (2.8%, 95% CI 1.6–4.0%) according to the Marsh criteria. Two CD patients had normal IgA‐tTG concentrations while only one patient with normal AGA was proven to have CD. CD was most prevalent in unsubtyped IBS (4.9%, 95% CI 1.1–8.7%), followed by mixed IBS (4.7%, 95% CI 0.3–9.1%). In multiple comparison, CD was less common in diarrhea‐predominant IBS than in unsubtyped IBS, although this did not reach statistical significance (1.0% vs 4.9%, P = 0.057).ConclusionsCD in unsubtyped IBS had a growing trend to be more common than in diarrhea‐predominant IBS. Evaluation of IBS patients for CD is advisable.
CDKAL1 and HHEX are associated with type 2 diabetes‐related traits among Yup'ik people (在尤皮克人群中CDKAL1和HHEX与2型糖尿病相关特征有关)
Authors: Klimentidis Yann C. , Lemas Dominick J. , Wiener Howard H. , O'Brien Diane M. , Havel Peter J. , Stanhope Kimber L. , Hopkins Scarlett E. , Tiwari Hemant K. , Boyer Bert B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), mainly among individuals of European ancestry. In the present study, we examined the frequency of these SNPs and their association with T2D‐related traits in an Alaska Native study population with a historically low prevalence of T2D. We also investigated whether dietary characteristics that may protect against T2D, such as n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake, modify these associations.MethodsIn 1144 Yup'ik people, we examined 17 SNPs repeatedly identified in GWAS for individual and cumulative associations with T2D‐related traits. Cumulative associations were evaluated using a genetic risk score (GRS) calculated by summing risk alleles. Associations were tested for interactions with sex, body mass index (BMI), and n‐3 PUFA intake.ResultsThe rs7754840 SNP in CDKAL1 is significantly associated with HbA1c (P = 0.00091). The rs5015480 SNP near HHEX is significantly associated (in opposite direction to that in Europeans) with a combined fasting glucose (FG) and HbA1c measure (P = 0.00046) and with homeostatic model assessment of β‐cell function (HOMA‐B; P = 0.0014). The GRS is significantly associated with FG and combined FG and HbA1c only when the HHEX SNP is dropped from the GRS. Associations are not modified by BMI or n‐3 PUFA intake.ConclusionOur results highlight the potential importance of CDKAL1 and HHEX in glucose homeostasis in this Alaska Native population with a low prevalence of T2D, and suggest that these loci should be examined in greater detail in this population.
Ammonia oxidizers are pioneer microorganisms in the colonization of new acidic volcanic soils from South of Chile
Authors: Hernández Marcela , Dumont Marc G. , Calabi Marcela , Basualto Daniel , Conrad Ralf 
Published: October 2013

SummaryAmmonia oxidation, performed by specialized microorganisms belonging to the Bacteria and Archaea, is the first and most limiting step of soil nitrification. Nitrification has not yet been examined in young volcanic soils. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the abundance and diversity of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) in acidic volcanic soils (andisols) of different defined ages to determine their relative contribution to nitrification and soil colonization. Soil was collected from three vegetated sites on Llaima Volcano (Chile) recolonized after lava eruptions in 1640, 1751 and 1957. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and clone sequence analyses of the amoA gene were performed for the AOA and AOB communities. All soils showed high nitrification potentials, but they were highest in the younger soils. Archaeal amoA genes outnumbered bacterial amoA genes at all sites, and AOA abundances were found to be proportional to the nitrification potentials. Sequencing indicated the presence of AOA related to Nitrososphaera and Nitrosotalea, and AOB related primarily to Nitrosospira and sporadically to Nitrosomonas. The study showed that both AOA and AOB are early colonizers of andisols, but that AOA outnumber AOB and play an important role in nitrification.
Second autologous transplant as salvage therapy in multiple myeloma
Authors: Atanackovic Djordje , Schilling Georgia 
Published: October 2013

SummaryHigh‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoetic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a standard frontline therapy for multiple myeloma (MM). Unfortunately, there are no randomized clinical studies examining the role of a second ASCT in patients who relapse after the initial autotransplant. Analysing all available retrospective studies, it seems that salvage ASCT can safely be performed in most patients with an overall treatment‐related mortality rate <5%. Approximately 65% of patients will achieve an objective response and progression‐free and overall survival will be around 12 months and 32 months, respectively. Retrospective data suggest that patients with a progression‐free survival of ≥18 months after initial ASCT are most likely to benefit from a salvage autotransplant. However, patients with a <12‐month duration of response after initial ASCT should not be considered for a second autograft in the relapsed setting because this group will probably only experience ASCT‐related toxicity without any clinical benefit. Quality of response after initial ASCT and number of therapies preceding salvage ASCT may also have a predictive value. Importantly, these findings need to be verified by randomized clinical trials in order to firmly integrate salvage ASCT into a global therapeutic concept for myeloma patients including optimized induction, consolidation, and maintenance approaches.
Progression and predictors of physical activity levels after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Geraerts Inge , Van Poppel Hendrik , Devoogdt Nele , Laenen Annouschka , De Groef An , Van Kampen Marijke 
Published: October 2013

Objective
To investigate the progression of all aspects (total, occupational, sports, household) of physical activity (PA) over time after radical prostatectomy (RP) and to find predictive factors for a decrease in PA.
Patients and Methods
In all, 240 men planned for open or robot‐assisted RP were analysed.
All patients completed the Flemish Physical Activity Computerised Questionnaire before RP concerning PA over the past year and at 6 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months after RP for the PA of the past month.
A linear model for repeated measures was used to evaluate the progression of continuous variables over time and the effect of various predictors for the progression of patients over time. A logistic regression model for repeated measures was used to evaluate binary measures.
Results
Total, occupational, sports and household PA levels were significantly decreased at 6 weeks after RP, but recovered quickly to approximately baseline levels from that time.
Predictive factors for decreased PA levels at 6 weeks after RP were a younger age (total PA level), being unskilled/semi‐skilled (occupational PA level) and being unemployed/retired (household PA level).
RP type (open vs robot‐assisted) did not influence the different PA levels at 6 weeks, 3, 6 or 12 months after RP.
The severity of first day incontinence and urine loss measured at 6 weeks and 3, 6 and 12 months after RP significantly affected total and/or household PA level at all time‐points.
Conclusions
This is the first study to investigate the progression of all aspects of PA (total, occupational, sports and household) after RP and to find predictive factors for a decrease in PA.
All PA levels were significantly decreased at 6 weeks after RP and recovered quickly to approximately baseline levels from that time.
Patients that had robot‐assisted RP did not have a faster recovery of PA than those that had open RP. Severity of first day incontinence and urine loss measured at 6 weeks and 3, 6 and 12 months after RP were significantly related to total and/or household PA level at all time‐points.
Lipid analogues as potential drugs for the regulation of mitochondrial cell death
Authors: Murray Michael , Dyari Herryawan Ryadi Eziwar , Allison Sarah E , Rawling Tristan 
Published: October 2013

The mitochondrion plays an important role in the production of energy as ATP, the regulation of cell viability and apoptosis, and the biosynthesis of major structural and regulatory molecules, such as lipids. During ATP production, reactive oxygen species are generated that alter the intracellular redox state and activate apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a well‐recognized component of the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer. Understanding mitochondrial function, and how this is dysregulated in disease, offers the opportunity for the development of drug molecules to specifically target such defects. Altered energy metabolism in cancer, in which ATP production occurs largely by glycolysis, rather than by oxidative phosphorylation, is attributable in part to the up‐regulation of cell survival signalling cascades. These pathways also regulate the balance between pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic factors that may determine the rate of cell death and proliferation. A number of anti‐cancer drugs have been developed that target these factors and one of the most promising groups of agents in this regard are the lipid‐based molecules that act directly or indirectly at the mitochondrion. These molecules have emerged in part from an understanding of the mitochondrial actions of naturally occurring fatty acids. Some of these agents have already entered clinical trials because they specifically target known mitochondrial defects in the cancer cell.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Energy, Injury & Beyond. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐8
Factors Affecting Tropical Tree Damage and Survival after Catastrophic Wind Disturbance
Authors: Webb Edward L. , van de Bult Martin , Fa'aumu Siaifoi , Webb Rachel C. , Tualaulelei Ailao , Carrasco Luis R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe structure and dynamics of cyclone‐prone tropical forests are driven in part by variation in tree species resistance to and survival after wind‐induced structural damage. We determined the factors associated with tree damage and 3‐yr survival following Category 5 Cyclone Olaf on the Polynesian island of Ta'u, American Samoa. Despite sustaining a high rate of severe damage (34.6% of all trees snapped, 23.0% uprooted), system resilience was high with 74.3 percent stem survival overall and an annual mortality rate of 7.9 percent compared with 2.1 percent in nearby undisturbed late successional forest. Three‐yr survival rate of trees sustaining severe damage was 63.1 percent, compared to about 89 percent for trees sustaining only branch loss or defoliation. Three‐yr survival differed according to damage type, 78.5 percent after snapping vs. 38.4 percent after uprooting. Species differed widely in resistance to and survival after snapping and uprooting. Several species and individual traits were associated with the probability of snapping or uprooting; however, wood density was the only species trait consistently, and negatively, associated with the probability of sustaining either damage type. Survival after snapping was negatively associated with the proportion of the tree snapped off, which was determined by individual tree architecture. Species growth rate was negatively associated with survival after uprooting, indicating the importance of shade tolerance for survival after uprooting. Thus, whereas species traits seemed to exclusively underpin resistance to and survival after uprooting, they only partly accounted for snapping resistance, and did not determine the intensity of snap damage or survival after snapping. Our results highlight the importance of considering each damage type separately when considering ecological trade‐offs.
Novel medium‐term carcinogenesis model for lung squamous cell carcinoma induced by N‐nitroso‐tris‐chloroethylurea in mice
Authors: Tago Yoshiyuki , Yamano Shotaro , Wei Min , Kakehashi Anna , Kitano Mitsuaki , Fujioka Masaki , Ishii Naomi , Wanibuchi Hideki 
Published: October 2013

Targeted treatments for lung cancer based on pathological diagnoses are required to enhance therapeutic efficacy. There are few well‐established animal models for lung squamous cell carcinoma although several highly reproducible mouse models for lung adenoma and adenocarcinoma are available. This study was carried out to establish a new lung squamous cell carcinoma mouse model. In the first experiment, female A/J mice were painted topically on back skin twice weekly with 75 μL 0.013 M N‐nitroso‐tris‐chloroethylurea for 2, 4, and 8 weeks (n = 15–20 per group) as initiation of lung lesions, and surviving mice were killed at 18 weeks. In the second experiment, mice were treated as above for 4 weeks and killed at 6, 12, or 18 weeks (n = 3 per group). Lung lobes were subjected to histopathological, immunohistochemical, immunoblotting, and ultrastructural analyses. In the case of treatment for 2, 4, and 8 weeks, incidences of lung squamous cell carcinoma were 25, 54, and 71%, respectively. Cytokeratin 5/6 and epidermal growth factor receptor were clearly expressed in dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. Desmosomes and tonofilaments developed in the squamous cell carcinoma. Considering the carcinogenesis model, we conclude that 2 or 4 weeks of N‐nitroso‐tris‐chloroethylurea treatment may be suitable for investigating new chemicals for promotional or suppressive effects on lung squamous cell carcinoma.
Social work and the shadow father: lessons for engaging fathers in Northern Ireland
Authors: Ewart‐Boyle Shirley , Manktelow Roger , McColgan Mary 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe legislative framework of social work practice has consistently highlighted the need to work in partnership with parents, with far‐reaching implications for families. However, the importance of engaging fathers in social work practice is an issue that has received limited attention within academic debate and research. A research study undertaken across six family centres, investigated paternal involvement in family centre social work in Northern Ireland. The study involved 46 semi‐structured interviews with social workers, fathers and mothers. This paper presents the views of 22 social workers on the barriers to paternal involvement in family centre interventions. A range of factors were identified which served to inhibit or promote engagement of fathers. There were substantially more deterrents than promoters, a clear indicator of the problematic nature of paternal involvement. The findings highlight that both attitudes and practices of social workers influence the engagement of fathers. Recommendations drawn from the findings are presented for the development of father – inclusive social work practices and research.
Dental Implant Status of Patients Receiving Long‐Term Nursing Care in Japan
Authors: Kimura Toru , Wada Masahiro , Suganami Toru , Miwa Shunta , Hagiwara Yoshiyuki , Maeda Yoshiobu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe increase in implant patients is expected to give rise to a new problem: the changing general health status of those who have had implants placed.PurposeThe aim of this present study was to find out the needs of and proper measures for elderly implant patients in long‐term care facilities.Materials and MethodsA questionnaire was sent by mail to 1,591 long‐term care health facilities, daycare services for people with dementia, and private nursing homes for the elderly in the Osaka area, which is in the middle area of Japan, in order to extract patients with cerebrovascular disease or dementia who were possibly at risk of inadequate oral self‐care, as well as patients with implants.ResultsApproximately half of all facilities responded that they cannot recognize implants, and many facilities did not know anything about oral care for implant patients. Residents with implants were reported at 19% of all facilities. Also, the facilities pointed out problems with implants relating to the difference in oral care between implants and natural teeth.ConclusionsThere are people with implants in some 20% of caregiving facilities, and there is a low level of understanding regarding implants and their care among nurses and care providers who are providing daily oral care.
Soft and Hard Tissue Response to Zirconia versus Titanium One‐Piece Implants Placed in Alveolar and Palatal Sites: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Siddiqi Allauddin , Kieser Jules August , De Silva Rohana Kumara , Thomson William Murray , Duncan Warwick John 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundTitanium (Ti) implants have been used in the last four decades to replace missing teeth. Alternatives to Ti such as zirconia (Zr) may offer aesthetic advantages and be more acceptable to patients and clinicians concerned about Ti allergy but must show equivalent biological acceptability to Ti.PurposeThe research aimed to investigate soft and hard tissue response to Ti and Zr implants in edentulous patients.Materials and MethodsThe research included 24 participants (Ti = 12,Zr = 12) restored with one‐piece ball‐abutment implants to support overdentures. Participants received four maxillary implants (two in the premolar alveolus, one off center in the alveolar midline, and one wide‐diameter implant in the anterior median palate) and three mandibular implants (one in the midline and bilateral posterior implants).ResultsSuccess rates for bothTi andZr implants were low, 67.9% for all alveolar implants and a survival rate of 50.0% for the palatal implants. Only 11 (52.4%) of 21 palatal implants survived the follow‐up period. Peri‐implant health was equivalent forTi andZr implants and showed no statistically significant changes from loading to the 1‐year follow‐up. Statistically significant differences were noted in radiographic bone level between Ti and Zr implants (p = .02), withZr showing greater bone loss.ConclusionsAlthough the failure rates with the one‐piece Zr implants were higher than with the Ti ones, suggesting that the former's clinical usage as in this study cannot be recommended, it should be borne in mind that the fault may also lie with the novel prosthodontic design which was used.
Developing Metapopulation Connectivity Criteria from Genetic and Habitat Data to Recover the Endangered Mexican Wolf
Authors: CARROLL CARLOS , FREDRICKSON RICHARD J. , LACY ROBERT C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRestoring connectivity between fragmented populations is an important tool for alleviating genetic threats to endangered species. Yet recovery plans typically lack quantitative criteria for ensuring such population connectivity. We demonstrate how models that integrate habitat, genetic, and demographic data can be used to develop connectivity criteria for the endangered Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi), which is currently being restored to the wild from a captive population descended from 7 founders. We used population viability analysis that incorporated pedigree data to evaluate the relation between connectivity and persistence for a restored Mexican wolf metapopulation of 3 populations of equal size. Decreasing dispersal rates greatly increased extinction risk for small populations (<150–200), especially as dispersal rates dropped below 0.5 genetically effective migrants per generation. We compared observed migration rates in the Northern Rocky Mountains (NRM) wolf metapopulation to 2 habitat‐based effective distance metrics, least‐cost and resistance distance. We then used effective distance between potential primary core populations in a restored Mexican wolf metapopulation to evaluate potential dispersal rates. Although potential connectivity was lower in the Mexican wolf versus the NRM wolf metapopulation, a connectivity rate of >0.5 genetically effective migrants per generation may be achievable via natural dispersal under current landscape conditions. When sufficient data are available, these methods allow planners to move beyond general aspirational connectivity goals or rules of thumb to develop objective and measurable connectivity criteria that more effectively support species recovery. The shift from simple connectivity rules of thumb to species‐specific analyses parallels the previous shift from general minimum‐viable‐population thresholds to detailed viability modeling in endangered species recovery planning.Desarrollo de Criterios de Conectividad Metapoblacional a Partir de Datos Genéticos y de Hábitat para Recuperar al Lobo Mexicano en Peligro de Extinción