bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Intestinal Dysbiosis in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Costello Mary‐Ellen , Ciccia Francesco , Willner Dana , Warrington Nicole , Robinson Philip C. , Gardiner Brooke , Marshall Mhairi , Kenna Tony J. , Triolo Giovanni , Brown Matthew A. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common, highly heritable immune‐mediated arthropathy that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals exposed to an unknown but likely ubiquitous environmental trigger. There is a close relationship between the gut and spondyloarthritis, as exemplified in patients with reactive arthritis, in whom a typically self‐limiting arthropathy follows either a gastrointestinal or urogenital infection. Microbial involvement in AS has been suggested; however, no definitive link has been established. The aim of this study was to determine whether the gut in patients with AS carries a distinct microbial signature compared with that in the gut of healthy control subjects.MethodsMicrobial profiles for terminal ileum biopsy specimens obtained from patients with recent‐onset tumor necrosis factor antagonist–naive AS and from healthy control subjects were generated using culture‐independent 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and analysis techniques.ResultsOur results showed that the terminal ileum microbial communities in patients with AS differ significantly (P < 0.001) from those in healthy control subjects, driven by a higher abundance of 5 families of bacteria (Lachnospiraceae [P = 0.001], Ruminococcaceae [P = 0.012], Rikenellaceae [P = 0.004], Porphyromonadaceae [P = 0.001], and Bacteroidaceae [P = 0.001]) and a decrease in the abundance of 2 families of bacteria (Veillonellaceae [P = 0.01] and Prevotellaceae [P = 0.004]).ConclusionWe show evidence for a discrete microbial signature in the terminal ileum of patients with AS compared with healthy control subjects. The microbial composition was demonstrated to correlate with disease status, and greater differences were observed between disease groups than within disease groups. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that genes associated with AS act, at least in part, through effects on the gut microbiome.
Photoluminescence of Dy3+ activator sensitized by Ce3+ in KNaSO4 microphosphor
Authors: Manik Urvashi , Gedam S. C. , Dhoble S. J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe KNaSO4 microphosphor doped with Ce or Ce and Dy prepared by a wet chemical method was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and characterized by photoluminescence (PL). KNaSO4 has a 5‐µm particle size detected by SEM. The KNaSO4:Ce3+ spectrum shows a single emission band at 327 nm for an excitation of 269 nm due to 5d → 4f transition of the Ce3+ ion, indicating weak spin orbiting coupling of the Ce3+ ground state. Efficient energy transfer takes place from Ce3+ → Dy3+ sublattices indicating that Ce3+ could effectively sensitize Dy3+ (orange emission) and that the Ce3+ emission weakens significantly in KNaSO4. The powder form of prepared KNaSO4 show negligible change in morphologies and hence no effect on the particle size. The characteristics of this powder could provide improved luminescence properties. The development and understanding of this photoluminescence and the effect of Dy3+ on KNaSO4: Ce3+ are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual‐Functional Semithiobambusurils
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Solel Ephrath , Keinan Ehud , Reany Ofer 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSemithiobambusurils, which represent a new family of macrocyclic host molecules, have been prepared by a convenient, scalable synthesis. These new cavitands are double functional: they strongly bind a broad variety of anions in their interiors and metal ions at their sulfur‐edged portals. The solid‐state structure of semithiobambus[4]uril with HgCl2 demonstrates the ability of these compounds to form linear chains of coordination polymers with thiophillic metal ions. The crystal structure of semithiobambus[6]uril with tetraphenylphosphonium bromide exhibits the unique anion‐binding properties of the host cavity and the characteristics of the binding site.
A Computational Study of Vicinal Fluorination in 2,3‐Difluorobutane: Implications for Conformational Control in Alkane Chains
Authors: Fox Stephen J. , Gourdain Stephanie , Coulthurst Anton , Fox Clare , Kuprov Ilya , Essex Jonathan W. , Skylaris Chris‐Kriton , Linclau Bruno 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA comprehensive conformational analysis of both 2,3‐difluorobutane diastereomers is presented based on density functional theory calculations in vacuum and in solution, as well as NMR experiments in solution. While for 1,2‐difluoroethane the fluorine gauche effect is clearly the dominant effect determining its conformation, it was found that for 2,3‐difluorobutane there is a complex interplay of several effects, which are of similar magnitude but often of opposite sign. As a result, unexpected deviations in dihedral angles, relative conformational energies and populations are observed which cannot be rationalised only by chemical intuition. Furthermore, it was found that it is important to consider the free energies of the various conformers, as these lead to qualitatively different results both in vacuum and in solvent, when compared to calculations based only on the electronic energies. In contrast to expectations, it was found that vicinal syn‐difluoride introduction in the butane and by extension, longer hydrocarbon chains, is not expected to lead to an effective stabilisation of the linear conformation. Our findings have implications for the use of the vicinal difluoride motif for conformational control.
Measuring the Relative Hydrogen‐Bonding Strengths of Alcohols in Aprotic Organic Solvents
Authors: Tessensohn Malcolm E. , Lee Melvyn , Hirao Hajime , Webster Richard D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractVoltammetric experiments with 9,10‐anthraquinone and 1,4‐benzoquinone performed under controlled moisture conditions indicate that the hydrogen‐bond strengths of alcohols in aprotic organic solvents can be differentiated by the electrochemical parameter ΔEpred=|Epred(1)−Epred(2)|, which is the potential separation between the two one‐electron reduction processes. This electrochemical parameter is inversely related to the strength of the interactions and can be used to differentiate between primary, secondary, tertiary alcohols, and even diols, as it is sensitive to both their steric and electronic properties. The results are highly reproducible across two solvents with substantially different hydrogen‐bonding properties (CH3CN and CH2Cl2) and are supported by density functional theory calculations. This indicates that the numerous solvent–alcohol interactions are less significant than the quinone–alcohol hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The utility of ΔEpred was illustrated by comparisons between 1) 3,3,3‐trifluoro‐n‐propanol and 1,3‐difluoroisopropanol and 2) ethylene glycol and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol.
Structural characterization of lipopeptides from Enterobacter sp. strain N18 reveals production of surfactin homologues
Authors: You Jia , Yang Shi‐Zhong , Mu Bo‐Zhong 
Published: November 2014

Lipopeptides are amphiphilic biosurfactants which contain fatty acid chains and peptide chains. A novel lipopeptide producer was isolated from soil samples and identified as Enterobacter sp. by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The surface tension of the cell‐free broth decreased from 58.0 mN/m to 27.9 mN/m after the strain was incubated for 48 h at 37°C. The fatty acid part of the lipopeptide was elucidated by ESI‐MS and GC‐MS after methyl esterification, which showed that fatty acids were mixtures of n‐C12, iso‐C13, anteiso‐C13, iso‐C14, n‐C14, iso‐C15, anteiso‐C15, iso‐C16, n‐C16 and iso‐C17 β‐hydroxy fatty acids. The peptide sequence, of which the composition of amino acids was determined by GC‐MS with trimethylsilylation, was deduced to be N‐Glu‐Leu‐Leu‐Val‐Asp‐Leu‐Leu‐C by using Q‐TOF MS/MS. The fatty acid chain was bonded to the N‐terminal of the peptide moiety, and a cyclic ring was constituted by the hydroxyl group of the fatty acid chain and the C‐terminal.Practical applicationsThe systematic characterization methods used in this article are helpful for structural analysis of those lipopeptide‐like compounds. The information of Enterobacter‐produced surfactin helps us to enlarge the family of surfactin‐producers and expand the recognition of metabolites of Enterobacter spp.Cyclic lipopeptide produced by Enterobacter was characterized by a systematic method with the combination of ESI‐MS, GC‐MS and Q‐TOF MS/MS. This was the first time that Enteobacter sp. was reported as surfactin‐producer.
Clinically Important Parameters that Influence Sensor Utility: Considerations on How Not to Make a Sensor with No (or Limited) Clinical Application
Authors: Pendley Bradford D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractElectrochemical sensors play an important role in clinical medicine with both amperometric and potentiometric devices used daily to guide clinical decisions. This tutorial discusses clinical considerations in designing and interpreting the results of such devices for both the diagnosis and management of diseases and relates these to the analytical characteristics of the sensor. A discussion of the epidemiological characteristics of diseases and how this impacts sensor utility is discussed.
Working memory in preterm‐born adults: Load‐dependent compensatory activity of the posterior default mode network
Authors: Daamen Marcel , Bäuml Josef G. , Scheef Lukas , Sorg Christian , Busch Barbara , Baumann Nicole , Bartmann Peter , Wolke Dieter , Wohlschläger Afra , Boecker Henning 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPremature birth is associated with an increased risk of cognitive performance deficits that are dependent on working memory (WM) load in childhood. Less clear is whether preterm‐born adults show similar WM impairments, or develop compensatory brain mechanisms that help to overcome prematurity‐related functional deficits, for example, by a workload‐dependent over‐recruitment of WM‐typical areas, and/or engagement of alternative brain networks. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, 73 adults born very preterm and/or with very low birth weight (VP/VLBW) and 73 term‐born controls (CON, mean age: 26.5 years) performed a verbal N‐Back paradigm with varying workload (0‐back, 1‐back, 2‐back). Generally, both groups showed similar performance accuracy and task‐typical patterns of brain activations (especially in fronto‐cingulo‐parietal, thalamic, and cerebellar areas) and deactivations (especially in mesial frontal and parietal aspects of the default mode network [DMN]). However, VP/VLBW adults showed significantly stronger deactivations (P < 0.05, cluster‐level corrected) than CON in posterior DMN regions, including right ventral precuneus, and right parahippocampal areas (with adjacent cerebellar areas), which were specific for the most demanding 2‐back condition. Consistent with a workload‐dependent effect, VP/VLBW adults with stronger deactivations (1‐back > 2‐back) in the parahippocampal/cerebellar cluster also presented a greater slowing of response latencies with increasing WM load (2‐back > 1‐back), indicative of higher effort. In conclusion, VP/VLBW adults recruited similar anatomical networks as controls during N‐back performance, but showed an enhanced suppression of posterior DMN regions during higher workload, which may reflect a temporary suppression of stimulus‐independent thoughts that helps to maintain adequate task performance with increasing attentional demands. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1121–1137, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimentally induced, synergistic late effects of a single dose of radiation and aging: significance in LKS fraction as compared with mature blood cells
Authors: Hirabayashi Yoko , Tsuboi Isao , Nakachi Kei , Kusunoki Yoichiro , Inoue Tohru 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe number of murine mature blood cells recovered within 6 weeks after 2‐Gy whole‐body irradiation at 6 weeks of age, whereas in the case of the undifferentiated hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSC/HPC) compartment [cells in the lineage‐negative, c‐kit‐positive and stem‐cell‐antigen‐1‐positive (LKS) fraction], the numerical differences between mice with and without irradiation remained more than a year, but conclusively the cells showed numerical recovery. When mice were exposed to radiation at 6 months of age, acute damages of mature blood cells were rather milder probably because of their maturation with age; but again, cells in the LKS fraction were specifically damaged, and their numerical recovery was significantly delayed probably as a result of LKS‐specific cellular damages. Interestingly, in contrast to the recovery of the number of cells in the LKS fraction, their quality was not recovered, which was quantitatively assessed on the basis of oxidative‐stress‐related fluorescence intensity. To investigate why the recovery in the number of cells in the LKS fraction was delayed, expression levels of genes related to cellular proliferation and apoptosis of cells in the bone marrow and LKS fraction were analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). In the case of 21‐month‐old mice after radiation exposure, Ccnd1, PiK3r1 and Fyn were overexpressed solely in cells in the LKS fraction. Because Ccnd1and PiK3r1 upregulated by aging were further upregulated by radiation, single‐dose radiation seemed to induce the acceleration of aging, which is related to the essential biological responses during aging based on a lifetime‐dependent relationship between a living creature and xenobiotic materials. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary fatty acid composition and the homeostatic regulation of mitochondrial phospholipid classes in red muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Martin Nicolas , Kraffe Edouard , Le Grand Fabienne , Marty Yanic , Bureau Dominique P. , Guderley Helga 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTAlthough dietary lipid quality markedly affects fatty acid (FA) composition of mitochondrial membranes from rainbow trout red muscle (Oncorhynchus mykiss), mitochondrial processes are relatively unchanged. As certain classes of phospholipids interact more intimately with membrane proteins than others, we examined whether specific phospholipid classes from these muscle mitochondria were more affected by dietary FA composition than others. To test this hypothesis, we fed trout with two diets differing only in their FA composition: Diet 1 had higher levels of 18:1n‐9 and 18:2n‐6 than Diet 2, while 22:6n‐3 and 22:5n‐6 were virtually absent from Diet 1 and high in Diet 2. After 5 months, trout fed Diet 2 had higher proportions of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and less phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in mitochondrial membranes than those fed Diet 1. The FA composition of PC, PE and cardiolipin (CL) showed clear evidence of regulated incorporation of dietary FA. For trout fed Diet 2, 22:6n‐3 was the most abundant FA in PC, PE and CL. The n‐6 FA were consistently higher in all phospholipid classes of trout fed Diet 1, with shorter n‐6 FA being favoured in CL than in PC and PE. Despite these marked changes in individual FA levels with diet, general characteristics such as total polyunsaturated FA, total monounsaturated FA and total saturated FA were conserved in PE and CL, confirming differential regulation of the FA composition of PC, PE and CL. The regulated changes of phospholipid classes presumably maintain critical membrane characteristics despite varying nutritional quality. We postulate that these changes aim to protect mitochondrial function. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 60–71, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strong Chromatic Index of Chordless Graphs
Authors: Basavaraju Manu , Francis Mathew C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA strong edge coloring of a graph is an assignment of colors to the edges of the graph such that for every color, the set of edges that are given that color form an induced matching in the graph. The strong chromatic index of a graph G, denoted by , is the minimum number of colors needed in any strong edge coloring of G. A graph is said to be chordless if there is no cycle in the graph that has a chord. Faudree, Gyárfás, Schelp, and Tuza (The Strong Chromatic Index of Graphs, Ars Combin 29B (1990), 205–211) considered a particular subclass of chordless graphs, namely, the class of graphs in which all the cycle lengths are multiples of four, and asked whether the strong chromatic index of these graphs can be bounded by a linear function of the maximum degree. Chang and Narayanan (Strong Chromatic Index of 2‐degenerate Graphs, J Graph Theory, 73(2) (2013), 119–126) answered this question in the affirmative by proving that if G is a chordless graph with maximum degree Δ, then . We improve this result by showing that for every chordless graph G with maximum degree Δ, . This bound is tight up to an additive constant.
Molecularly imprinted polymer as a novel solid‐phase microextraction coating for the selective enrichment of trace imidazolinones in rice, peanut, and soil
Authors: Chen Yang , Feng Ting , Li Gongke , Hu Yufei 
Published: November 2014

The development and application of an imazethapyr molecularly imprinted polymer‐based solid‐phase microextraction coating were investigated. A novel molecularly imprinted polymer coating with imazethapyr as template was firstly prepared by a one‐step in situ polymerization method, and demonstrated specific selectivity to imidazolinone herbicides in complicated samples. The structural characteristics and extraction performance of the imazethapyr molecularly imprinted polymer coating were studied. The molecularly imprinted polymer coating was homogeneous, dense, and heat and solvent resistant. Adsorption capacity experiments showed that the molecularly imprinted polymer coating could selectively extract imazethapyr and its structural analogs, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 2.5 times as much as that of the nonimprinted polymer coating. A method for the determination of five imidazolinones by imazethapyr molecularly imprinted polymer solid‐phase microextraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed. The linear range was 0.50–50 μg/L for imazameth, imazamox, imazapyr acid, and imazethapyr, and 1.0–100 μg/L for imazaquin acid, and the detection limits were within the range of 0.070–0.29 μg/L. The method was applied to simultaneous and multiresidual determinations of trace imidazolinones in rice, peanut, and soil samples with satisfactory recoveries of 60.6–99.5, 79.1–123, and 61.3–116%, respectively, and relative standard deviations of 0.40–10%, which indicated that this method was suitable for the trace analysis of imidazolinones in complex food and environmental samples.
PEG‐asparaginase allergy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the NOPHO ALL2008 protocol
Authors: Henriksen Louise Tram , Harila‐Saari Arja , Ruud Ellen , Abrahamsson Jonas , Pruunsild Kaie , Vaitkeviciene Goda , Jónsson Ólafur Gísli , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Heyman Mats , Schrøder Henrik , Albertsen Birgitte Klug ,   on behalf of the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO) group
Published: November 2014

BackgroundL‐Asparaginase is an effective drug in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The use of L‐asparaginase may be limited by serious adverse events of which allergy is the most frequent. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical aspects of PEG‐asparaginase allergy in children treated according to the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO) ALL2008 protocol.ProcedureChildren (1–17 years) enrolled in the NOPHO ALL2008 protocol between July 2008 and August 2011, who developed PEG‐asparaginase allergy were identified through the NOPHO ALL2008 toxicity registry. In the NOPHO ALL2008 protocol, patients are randomized to 8 or 15 doses of intramuscular PEG‐asparaginase (Oncaspar®) 1,000 IU/m2/dose administered at 2 or 6 weeks intervals during a total period of 30 weeks. (Clinical trials.gov no: NCT00819351).ResultsOf 615 evaluable patients, 79 patients developed clinical PEG‐asparaginase allergy (cumulative risk; 13.2%) and discontinued PEG‐asparaginase therapy for that reason. PEG‐asparaginase allergy occurred after a median of two doses (75% range 2–4, max 14). In 58% of PEG‐asparaginase hypersensitive patients, the clinical allergic reactions appeared within 2 hr after PEG‐asparaginase administration and ranged from mild symptoms to systemic anaphylaxis. Nine patients experienced an anaphylactic reaction within 1 hr and 50 min from asparaginase administration; none were fatal. Four of 68 patients (6%) who subsequently received Erwinase therapy also reacted allergic to Erwinase.ConclusionClinical allergy to PEG‐asparaginase occurred early in treatment, was in general moderate in severity, and mostly developed within 2 hr after PEG‐asparaginase administration. The risk of subsequent Erwinase allergic reactions was low. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:427–433. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photovoltaics' architectural and landscape design options for Net Zero Energy Buildings, towards Net Zero Energy Communities: spatial features and outdoor thermal comfort related considerations
Authors: Scognamiglio Alessandra , Garde François 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNet Zero Energy Building (NetZEB) design has become a crucial topic of research in recent years. Because of its complexity, discussion has been carried out on methodological criteria useful to define and assess NetZEBs (building system boundary, conversion factors, energy balance, interaction with the grid, monitoring, etc.), mainly with the engineering approach, and a number of case studies worldwide have been investigated. In regard to photovoltaics' (PV) design, research demonstrated the following: (1) PV is an indispensable technology for meeting the net zero energy target; (2) meeting the target of the net zero energy balance at the architectural scale (by using only the surfaces of the building envelope to place renewables) is very difficult and therefore (3) an extension of the balance boundary to a wider scale is needed. That is the concept of NetZEB should be advanced towards the one of Net Zero Energy Communities (NetZECs). In view of such an enlargement of the design domain, this paper investigates architectural and landscape design options (spatial features and outdoor thermal comfort considerations) for PV, on the basis of the analysis of case studies collected and assessed in the framework of the International Energy Agency Solar Heating and Cooling Programme ‐ Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme (SHC‐EBC) Task 40‐Annex 52 Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings. Considering that the traditional understanding of the use of PV in buildings, mainly rooted in technological and morphological considerations, is not sufficient to describe all the issues emerging from this analysis, this paper is a contribution for setting a new cognitive framework in view of PV design for NetZECs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.