bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between soil properties and toxicity of copper and nickel to bok choy and tomato in Chinese soils
Authors: Li Bo , Zhang Hongtao , Ma Yibing , McLaughlin Mike J. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

The toxicity of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) to bok choy and tomato shoot growth was investigated in a wide range of Chinese soils with and without leaching with artificial rainwater. The results showed that the variations of Ni toxicity induced by soil properties were wider than those of Cu toxicity to both tomato and bok choy plant growth. Leaching generally decreased the toxicity of Cu and Ni added to soils, which also depended on soils, metals, and test plant species. Soil factors controlling metal phytotoxicity were found to be soil pH and soil organic carbon content for Cu, and soil pH for Ni. It was also found that soil pH had stronger effects on Ni toxicity than on Cu toxicity. Predictive toxicity models based on these soil factors were developed. These toxicity models for Cu and Ni toxicity to tomato plant growth were validated using an independent data set for European soils. These models could be applied to predict the Cu and Ni phytotoxicity in not only Chinese soils but also European soils. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2372–2378. © 2013 SETAC
Assessment and optimisation of business opportunities for telecom operators in the cloud value network
Authors: Nesse P.J. , Svaet S.W. , Strasunskas D. , Gaivoronski A.A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTCloud computing represents a major change in how resources of information technology are delivered and consumed and will influence the telecom industry, its future services, business offerings and economics of the telecommunication. New revenues potentials from mediating cloud‐based services are however less discussed, as well as the commonly accepted and completed methodology for this purpose is lacking. The objective of this paper is to clearly identify recommended roles for telecommunication companies (telcos) in the cloud value chain and to present a model for assessing and optimising innovative business opportunities. In particular, we show how the portfolio theory of modern investment science supports risk management in operation of telecom company‐based cloud carriers for service brokering.We recommend a combined broker and carrier role to be a preferred cloud business model for a telco. Such combination is expected to represent the best value proposition for competing against cloud providers and ICT integrators. Further quantitative analysis indicates significant business benefits from differentiating and optimising provision of carrier grade and best effort network connectivity types for a given bundle of cloud services. This implies an efficient use of telco assets and satisfies an increasing demand for network performance in the business market.The novelty of the paper is the developed quantitative optimisation model as well as the analytical identification of the preferred telco role in cloud value network. Practical application of the research may improve dimensioning of technological assets, leading to higher cost efficiency and possibly higher degree of customer satisfaction. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induced seismicity associated with fluid injection into a deep well in Youngstown, Ohio
Authors: Kim Won‐Young 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOver 109 small earthquakes (Mw 0.4–3.9) were detected during January 2011 to February 2012 in the Youngstown, Ohio area, where there were no known earthquakes in the past. These shocks were close to a deep fluid injection well. The 14 month seismicity included six felt earthquakes and culminated with a Mw 3.9 shock on 31 December 2011. Among the 109 shocks, 12 events greater than Mw 1.8 were detected by regional network and accurately relocated, whereas 97 small earthquakes (0.4 < Mw < 1.8) were detected by the waveform correlation detector. Accurately located earthquakes were along a subsurface fault trending ENE‐WSW—consistent with the focal mechanism of the main shock and occurred at depths 3.5–4.0 km in the Precambrian basement. We conclude that the recent earthquakes in Youngstown, Ohio were induced by the fluid injection at a deep injection well due to increased pore pressure along the preexisting subsurface faults located close to the wellbore. We found that the seismicity initiated at the eastern end of the subsurface fault—close to the injection point, and migrated toward the west—away from the wellbore, indicating that the expanding high fluid pressure front increased the pore pressure along its path and progressively triggered the earthquakes. We observe that several periods of quiescence of seismicity follow the minima in injection volumes and pressure, which may indicate that the earthquakes were directly caused by the pressure buildup and stopped when pressure dropped.
Carbonyl sulfide in the planetary boundary layer: Coastal and continental influences
Authors: Commane R. , Herndon S. C. , Zahniser M. S. , Lerner B. M. , McManus J. B. , Munger J. W. , Nelson D. D. , Wofsy S. C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMeasurements of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) have been proposed to provide a unique constraint on carbon assimilation by the biosphere that is independent of the influence of plant and soil respiration of CO2, but this constraint depends on a comprehensive understanding of the processes controlling OCS in the biosphere. We conducted a high‐resolution temporal and spatial survey of OCS and CO2 mixing ratios during the California Nexus Experiment research cruise along the coast of California (U.S.) and into the Sacramento River Delta using a newly constructed compact quantum cascade laser spectrometer (precision for OCS of <8 pptv (pmol/mol) at 1 Hz). The temporal and spatial resolution of the measurements revealed a number of specific processes related to known sources and sinks. The observations demonstrate OCS uptake during daytime photosynthetic uptake of CO2, OCS depletion during nighttime forest respiration of CO2, and OCS emission from a freshwater marsh. OCS emission was observed in one anthropogenically influenced plume, but, overall, no correlation was observed between OCS and SO2, and the use of scaled SO2 emission fields in global budgets of OCS should be reconsidered for areas with strict sulfur emission controls, such as California. The observations show that, in a homogeneous ecosystem on a local scale, OCS may be a proxy for CO2 uptake. However, at larger scales that span heterogeneous environments, in order to confidently quantify any single process, competing processes must be either relatively small or well quantified.
Nitrogen production from geochemical weathering of rocks in southwest Montana, USA
Authors: Montross Galena G. , McGlynn Brian L. , Montross Scott N. , Gardner Kristin K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA 30 day time course laboratory weathering experiment was conducted using rock samples collected from the West Fork of the Gallatin River watershed (WFW) in southwestern Montana, USA. The goal of these experiments was to quantify the amount of labile nitrogen in rock samples collected from the watershed and determine if chemical weathering is a source of dissolved nitrogen in stream water. Several rock samples investigated produced nitrate in significantly higher concentrations than the silica bead control (p < 0.05), and the data were consistent with elevated NO3− concentrations measured in associated WFW streams. Isotopic analyses of 15N‐NO3 in 22 stream water samples from the WFW and four rock:water extracts from the laboratory experiments indicated that the isotopic composition of NO3 was comparable with rocks and stream water samples in the same watershed and differed strongly from waters downstream of development. We suggest that the NO3− measured in WFW streams includes nitrogen derived from mineral dissolution products from soils and rock. The results presented herein further indicate that rock weathering is a source of stream water N in the West Fork watershed and inform water quality assessment, total maximum daily load development, and the relative influences of natural and anthropocentrically derived N sources across this developing mountain watershed.
Recent advances and problems in the management of pancreaticobiliary maljunction: feedback from the guidelines committee
Authors: Kamisawa Terumi , Ando Hisami , Shimada Mitsuo , Hamada Yoshinori , Itoi Takao , Takayashiki Tsukasa , Miyazaki Masaru 
Published: June 2013

Abstract Clinical practice guidelines on how to deal with pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) were made in Japan in 2012, representing a world first. Using a narrow definition, congenital biliary dilatation involves only Todani type I (except type Ib) and type IV‐A, both of which are accompanied by PBM in almost all cases. Prospective ultrasonographic study revealed that the maximum diameter of the common bile duct increased with age. Pathophysiological conditions due to pancreatobiliary reflux occur in patients with high confluence of the pancreaticobiliary ducts, a common channel ≥6 mm long and occlusion of communication during contraction of the sphincter of Oddi. Since PBM can be diagnosed by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, multi‐planar reconstruction multi‐detector row computed tomography and endoscopic ultrasonography, the current diagnostic criteria should be revised to take these diagnostic imaging modalities into consideration. According to a nationwide survey, biliary cancer occurred in 21.6% of adult patients with PBM with biliary dilatation and 42.2% of patients with PBM without biliary dilatation. In biliary cancer associated with PBM without biliary dilatation, 88.1% were gallbladder cancer. Treatment for PBM with biliary dilatation is prophylactic flow‐diversion surgery, but further investigations and surveillance studies are needed to clarify the appropriate surgical strategy for PBM without biliary dilatation.
Determination of average dislocation densities in metals by analysis of digitally processed transmission‐electron microscopy images
Authors: Husser E. , Clausmeyer T. , Gershteyn G. , Bargmann S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper describes an effective and simple procedure to derive information about the dislocation density distribution in metals by applying standard techniques of digital image processing on gray scaled microstructure images obtained from transmission‐electron microscopy. In a representative transmission‐electron microscopy image, two local dislocation density values were investigated by classical methods and were used as input parameter for further processing. A correlation between dislocations and image intensities is assumed such that dark areas in microstructural images are seen as a dense concentration of dislocations. Then, the contrast is increased for each transmission‐electron microscopy photography. In the next step, posterization, a gradation of tone, is applied to these images. From this, a pixel weighted average distribution of gray level correlated dislocation densities is obtained as well as an average value for a given set of images. The implementation of the several processing steps is done in Matlab employing graphical user interfaces.
Resistant starch from high amylose maize (HAM‐RS2) reduces body fat and increases gut bacteria in ovariectomized (OVX) rats
Authors: Keenan Michael J. , Janes Marlene , Robert Julina , Martin Roy J. , Raggio Anne M. , McCutcheon Kathleen L. , Pelkman Christine , Tulley Richard , Goita M'Famara , Durham Holiday A. , Zhou June , Senevirathne Reshani N. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjective:Obesity after menopause is a health concern for older females. Changes in the microbiota are likely to occur with this condition. Modifying the microbiota with a prebiotic is a plausible strategy for improving the health of menopausal females.Design and Methods:Resistant starch type 2 from high‐amylose maize (HAM‐RS2) was used as a prebiotic in rats in a 2 × 2 factorial study with two levels of HAM‐RS2 (0 or 29.7% of weight of diet) referred to as energy control (EC) and HAM‐RS2 diets, respectively; and two levels of surgery, ovariectomized (OVX) and sham.Results:In a 6‐week, postsurgery recovery period, OVX rats gained more body weight with consumption of a similar amount of food. Subsequently, consumption of HAM‐RS2 versus EC diets resulted in reduced abdominal fat in both OVX and sham rats; but when normalized for disemboweled body weight (body weight minus GI tract), there was no effect of surgery, only reduction with HAM‐RS2. Targeted bacterial populations were estimated that are known to ferment HAM‐RS2 or metabolize the products of that initial fermentation. OVX and sham rats demonstrated increased bacterial levels with dietary HAM‐RS2 for all bacteria. Additionally, culture techniques and qPCR provided similar results.Conclusion:This study shows that, as expected, OVX increases adiposity. However, contrary to previous effects seen in obese mice, this did not prevent fermentation of HAM‐RS2 and consequently, the fat gain associated with OVX was attenuated.
Insecticide resistance status in the major West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens from Greece
Authors: Kioulos Ilias , Kampouraki Anastasia , Morou Evangelia , Skavdis George , Vontas John 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDOne of the largest West Nile virus outbreaks in Europe occurred in Greece in 2010. Use of insecticides against Culex pipiens was substantially scaled up, as an emergency tool. Although mosquito control has been based on insecticides for several decades in Greece, insecticide resistance data are not available.RESULTSAn examination was made of the resistance status of 13 Cx. pipiens populations from five regional units in Greece against four insecticides used for its control over a 3 year period. Bioassays demonstrated susceptibility of most populations to all insecticides, except for temephos in some regions, and deltamethrin and diflubenzuron on one occasion each. The authors also monitored the frequency of the pyrethroid target‐site resistance mutations L1014F (kdr), as well as G119S and F290V in the Ace1 gene. Ace1 insensitivity mutations were found at low frequencies and always in heterozygocity. However, the frequency of kdr pyrethroid resistance mutations was higher (up to 63.0% in Thessaloniki).CONCLUSIONSThe high frequency of kdr mutations indicates a risk that needs to be addressed, should the use of pyrethroids be further extended. There was no strong evidence of significant resistance levels against Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and diflubenzuron. Continued monitoring of insecticide resistance is recommended for the application of appropriate management tactics.© 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of intercomparisons of four different types of model simulating TWP‐ICE
Authors: Petch Jon , Hill Adrian , Davies Laura , Fridlind Ann , Jakob Christian , Lin Yanluan , Xie Shaoecheng , Zhu Ping 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFour model intercomparisons were run and evaluated using the TWP‐ICE field campaign, each involving different types of atmospheric model. Here we highlight what can be learnt from having single‐column model (SCM), cloud‐resolving model (CRM), global atmosphere model (GAM) and limited‐area model (LAM) intercomparisons all based around the same field campaign. We also make recommendations for anyone planning further large multi‐model intercomparisons to ensure they are of maximum value to the model development community. CRMs tended to match observations better than other model types, although there were exceptions such as outgoing long‐wave radiation. All SCMs grew large temperature and moisture biases and performed worse than other model types for many diagnostics. The GAMs produced a delayed and significantly reduced peak in domain‐average rain rate when compared to the observations. While it was shown that this was in part due to the analysis used to drive these models, the LAMs were also driven by this analysis and did not have the problem to the same extent. Based on differences between the models with parametrized convection (SCMs and GAMs) and those without (CRMs and LAMs), we speculate that that having explicit convection helps to constrain liquid water whereas the ice contents are controlled more by the representation of the microphysics.
Improving globally distributed software development and support processes – A workflow view
Authors: Tunkelo Teemu , Hameri Ari‐Pekka , Pigneur Yves 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe propose a new approach and related indicators for globally distributed software support and development based on a 3‐year process improvement project in a globally distributed engineering company. The company develops, delivers and supports a complex software system with tailored hardware components and unique end‐customer installations. By applying the domain knowledge from operations management on lead time reduction and its multiple benefits to process performance, the workflows of globally distributed software development and multitier support processes were measured and monitored throughout the company. The results show that the global end‐to‐end process visibility and centrally managed reporting at all levels of the organization catalyzed a change process toward significantly better performance. Due to the new performance indicators based on lead times and their variation with fixed control procedures, the case company was able to report faster bug‐fixing cycle times, improved response times and generally better customer satisfaction in its global operations. In all, lead times to implement new features and to respond to customer issues and requests were reduced by 50%. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cysteamine supplementation during in vitro maturation (IVM) of rabbit oocyte improves the developmental capacity after intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Authors: Izumi Hiroki , Miyamoto Yuki , Mori Tatsufumi , Hashigami Yuka , Chiba Yasutaka , Teramura Takeshi , Hashimoto Shu , Fukuda Kanji , Morimoto Yoshiharu , Hosoi Yoshihiko 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPurposeCurrent approaches to in vitro maturation (IVM) may result in low efficiency and inadequate quality of the oocytes due to insufficient cytoplasmic maturation. Although positive effects of the cysteamine supplementation in IVM medium for oocyte nuclear maturation or male pronuclear formation have been confirmed, it is still controversial whether the cysteamine addition affects embryo development after IVM. We aimed here to confirm the effect of cysteamine addition into IVM medium for subsequent embryo development in vitro.MethodsWe administered the cysteamine to the IVM culture of rabbit immature oocytes at various concentrations and observed the developmental rate, speed to reach blastocyst stage and cell numbers at the blastocyst stage.ResultsCysteamine supplementation improved developmental rate to blastocyst stage of the IVM oocytes. On the other hand, addition of glutathione (GSH) inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine inhibited GSH accumulation in the oocytes and subsequent embryo development to the blastocyst stage.ConclusionsControlling the GSH quantity of IVM oocytes may be an important factor for success of embryo development, and it is quite probable that a cysteamine supplementation can contribute to an increase of GSH content in oocyte.
Dietary patterns in UK adolescents obtained from a dual-source FFQ and their associations with socio-economic position, nutrient intake and modes of eating
Authors: Northstone Kate , Smith Andrew DAC , Cribb Victoria L , Emmett Pauline M 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo derive dietary patterns using principal components analysis from separate FFQ completed by mothers and their teenagers and to assess associations with nutrient intakes and sociodemographic variables.DesignTwo distinct FFQ were completed by 13-year-olds and their mothers, with some overlap in the foods covered. A combined data set was obtained.SettingAvon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), Bristol, UK.SubjectsTeenagers (n5334) with adequate dietary data.ResultsFour patterns were obtained using principal components analysis: a ‘Traditional/health-conscious’ pattern, a ‘Processed’ pattern, a ‘Snacks/sugared drinks’ pattern and a ‘Vegetarian’ pattern. The ‘Traditional/health-conscious’ pattern was the most nutrient-rich, having high positive correlations with many nutrients. The ‘Processed’ and ‘Snacks/sugared drinks’ patterns showed little association with important nutrients but were positively associated with energy, fats and sugars. There were clear gender and sociodemographic differences across the patterns. Lower scores were seen on the ‘Traditional/health conscious’ and ‘Vegetarian’ patterns in males and in those with younger and less educated mothers. Higher scores were seen on the ‘Traditional/health-conscious’ and ‘Vegetarian’ patterns in girls and in those whose mothers had higher levels of education.ConclusionsIt is important to establish healthy eating patterns by the teenage years. However, this is a time when it is difficult to accurately establish dietary intake from a single source, since teenagers consume increasing amounts of foods outside the home. Further dietary pattern studies should focus on teenagers and the source of dietary data collection merits consideration.
What Influences Children's Conceptualizations of Language Input?
Authors: Plante Elena , Vance Rebecca , Moody Amanda , Gerken LouAnn 
Published: June 2013

Purpose
Children learning language conceptualize the nature of input they receive in ways that allow them to understand and construct utterances they have never heard before. This study was designed to illuminate the types of information children with and without specific language impairment (SLI) focus on to develop their conceptualizations and whether they can rapidly shift their initial conceptualizations if provided with additional input.

Method
In 2 studies, preschool children with and without SLI were exposed to an artificial language, the characteristics of which allowed for various types of conceptualizations about its fundamental properties. After being familiarized with the language, children were asked to judge test strings that conformed to the input in 1 of 4 different ways.

Results
All children preferred test items that reflected a narrow conceptualization of the input (i.e., items most like those heard during familiarization). Children showed a strong preference for phonology as a defining property of the artificial language. Restructuring the input to the child could induce them to track word order information as well.

Conclusion
Children tend toward narrow conceptualizations of language input, but the nature of their conceptualizations can be influenced by the nature of the input they receive.
Taking Collective Action to Improve Patient-Provider Communication
Authors: Wilson-Stronks Amy , Blackstone Sarah W. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
There are many reasons for speech-language pathologists (SLPs), especially those who work in the area of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), to take an active role in improving patient-provider communication. Effective patient-provider communication is fundamental to patient-centered care and correlates strongly with better patient outcomes, as well as increased patient safety and patient satisfaction. It is not only good practice, but good economics. In this article, we introduce existing laws, standards, regulations, and guidelines that address issues related to patient-provider communication in hospitals and other medical settings and discuss how, armed with this information and supportive data, SLPs (especially those with expertise in the area of AAC), can become active in preparing their clients for future medical encounters. We also highlight a need to work collaboratively with other professionals who support communication, such as language interpreters and nurses. Finally, we advocate for SLPs raising awareness about available services, tools, and strategies that support effective communication between patients and providers during medical encounters.