bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No, sin mi móvil. Diferencias de género y uso de las nuevas tecnologías
Authors: Fernández Carmen Sabater , Alcalde Josu Bingen Fernández 
Published: January 2015

Los estereotipos de género han formado y siguen formando parte de la historia de la humanidad, marcando una diferencia de roles, ocupaciones, características físicas y rasgos de personalidad. La evolución social y económica ha influido notablemente en la disminución de las adscripciones por género pero persisten diferencias, más pronunciadas en las características de personalidad que repercuten en las conductas y hábitos cotidianos de ambos géneros. Este artículo analiza las diferencias por género en el uso de la tecnología, exponiendo las tendencias en la apropiación de los dispositivos tecnológicos en hombres y mujeres, desde la etapa de la adolescencia. Para este fin, se compararán los usos en informática y telefonía móvil por género, en base a la delimitación de rasgos expresivo-comunales en la mujer y rasgos agente- instrumentales en los varones, a partir de una muestra de chicos y chicas de 14 a 20 años escolarizados/as en la Comunidad Autónoma de La Rioja.
Las redes y los movimientos sociales ¿una acción colectiva o marketing viral?
Authors: Benito Jesús Esteban Cárcar 
Published: January 2015

Desde los últimos años se ha extendido el debate sobre el papel de los movimientos sociales y de las asociaciones en nuestra sociedad (posteriormente también denominadas ONG y organizaciones no lucrativas, ONL), y su relación con las TIC´s. Los “nuevos movimientos” que cuentan con más de veinte años de existencia son ya clásicos en la actualidad, se ven como tradicionales, e incluso, con un marcado carácter institucional y además, hacen frente a los nuevos retos de la comunicación web 2.0.. Para entender la evolución y características de los movimientos sociales, y su papel actual dentro de las nuevas tecnologías, analizaré primero la estructura del marketing para los movimientos sociales; en segundo lugar, su implementación; finalmente, algunas consideraciones para su campañas
La formación continua de los periodistas en RTVE: Especificidad tecnológica y puntos de encuentro con los perfiles y competencias profesionales en el Grado de Periodismo
Authors: Sobrino Miguel Angel Ortiz 
Published: January 2015

El presente estudio analiza los contenidos de la formación continua que reciben los Informadores de la Corporación Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE) y en qué medida inciden los cambios tecnológicos y organizativos en la formación para actualizar sus competencias profesionales. En ese sentido, se examinan los conocimientos y competencias demandadas como consecuencia de la incorporación de nuevas herramientas tecnológicas para la producción informativa y de las necesidades derivadas de planificación y organización de los recursos empresariales. El análisis se ha realizado a partir de los rasgos del perfil profesional del periodista recogido en el Libro Blanco de los actuales Títulos de Grado en Comunicación.
La théorisation enracinée dans l’étude de la transition des perceptions de l’état de santé de femmes atteintes d’un cancer du sein
Authors: Hébert Maude , Gallagher Frances , St-Cyr Tribble Denise 
Published: January 2015

Être diagnostiquée d’un cancer du sein entraîne un changement important dans l’état de santé d’une personne provoquant un processus interne, soit une transition entre les perceptions de santé et de maladie. Ce processus interne reflète un processus social. La méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée permet de mettre en lumière ce processus. Le but de la présente étude est de proposer une modélisation de la transition des perceptions de l’état de santé de femmes diagnostiquées de ce cancer. Ainsi, 32 femmes, à divers moments dans la trajectoire de la maladie, ont été rencontrées lors d’une entrevue individuelle semi-dirigée. Les résultats illustrent que les perceptions de l’état de santé se modulent tout au long de la trajectoire de la maladie. La santé devient plus précieuse et le cancer surmontable. Les femmes redéfinissent leur état de santé en ne se déclarant pas malades du cancer du sein et en apprenant à vivre avec une épée de Damoclès au-dessus de leur tête.
The nonlinear evolution of kinetic Alfvén wave with the ion acoustic wave and turbulent spectrum in the magnetopause region
Authors: Rinawa M. L. , Sharma R. P. , Modi K. V. , Yadav N. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe mutual nonlinear interplay of kinetic Alfvén wave (KAW) and ion acoustic wave, for the high‐β plasma (i.e., me/mi ≪ β ≪ 1, where β is thermal to magnetic pressure ratio) in the magnetopause, has been considered in the present study. A set of dimensionless nonlinear Schrödinger equations has been derived taking into account the finite frequency as well as ion temperature corrections. The dynamical equation of the ion acoustic wave (propagating at an angle with respect to the background magnetic field) in the presence of ponderomotive nonlinearity due to KAW is also derived. Numerical simulation has been carried out to study the effect of nonlinear interaction between these waves which results in the formation of localized structures and turbulent spectrum, applicable to the high‐β plasmas like magnetopause regions. Results reveal that due to the nonlinear interplay between these waves, natures of the formation of localized structures are complex and intense in nature in quasi steady state. From the results, we have found that spectral index follows the scaling at large scale and spectral index follows at small scale. We also found the steepening in the turbulent spectrum. Steepening in the turbulence spectrum has been reported by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms spacecraft across the magnetopause, and results are found to be consistent with spacecraft observation.
P and S wave tomography and anisotropy in Northwest Pacific and East Asia: Constraints on stagnant slab and intraplate volcanism
Authors: Wei Wei , Zhao Dapeng , Xu Jiandong , Wei Feixiang , Liu Guoming 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe determined three‐dimensional P and S wave velocities and P wave azimuthal anisotropic tomography of the Northwest Pacific subduction zones by inverting 1,225,086 P wave and 335,117 S wave arrival times from 13,413 earthquakes. Our results show some differences between P and S wave images for the stagnant Pacific slab in the mantle transition zone (MTZ) beneath Northeast China. The stagnant slab looks thicker in the P wave image than that in the S wave image, which may reflects the effects of both hydration and lower temperature in the MTZ, though differences in the resolution of P and S wave tomography may also have some effects. The Changbai intraplate volcanism is caused by hot and wet upwelling in the big mantle wedge above the stagnant Pacific slab. Our P wave anisotropy tomography shows that the fast velocity direction (FVD) in the subducting Philippine Sea plate beneath the Ryukyu arc is NE‐SW (trench parallel), which is consistent with the spreading direction of the West Philippine Basin during its initial opening stage, suggesting that it may reflect the fossil anisotropy. A striking variation of the FVD with depth is revealed in the subducting Pacific slab beneath the Northeast Japan arc, which may be caused by slab dehydration that changed elastic properties of the slab with depth. The FVD in the mantle wedge beneath the Northeast Japan and Ryukyu arcs is trench normal, which reflects subduction‐induced convection. Beneath the Kuril and Izu‐Bonin arcs where oblique subduction occurs, the FVD in the mantle wedge is nearly normal to the moving direction of the downgoing Pacific plate, suggesting that the oblique subduction together with the complex slab morphology have disturbed the mantle flow.
Cloud‐induced uncertainties in AIRS and ECMWF temperature and specific humidity
Authors: Wong Sun , Fetzer Eric J. , Schreier Mathias , Manipon Gerald , Fishbein Evan F. , Kahn Brian H. , Yue Qing , Irion Fredrick W. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe uncertainties of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Level 2 version 6 specific humidity (q) and temperature (T) retrievals are quantified as functions of cloud types by comparison against Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive radiosonde measurements. The cloud types contained in an AIRS/Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit footprint are identified by collocated Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer retrieved cloud optical depth (COD) and cloud top pressure. We also report results of similar validation of q and T from European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecasts (EC) and retrievals from the AIRS Neural Network (NNW), which are used as the initial state for AIRS V6 physical retrievals. Differences caused by the variation in the measurement locations and times are estimated using EC, and all the comparisons of data sets against radiosonde measurements are corrected by these estimated differences. We report in detail the validation results for AIRS GOOD quality control, which is used for the AIRS Level 3 climate products. AIRS GOOD quality q reduces the dry biases inherited from the NNW in the middle troposphere under thin clouds but enhances dry biases in thick clouds throughout the troposphere (reaching −30% at 850 hPa near deep convective clouds), likely because the information contained in AIRS retrievals is obtained in cloud‐cleared areas or above clouds within the field of regard. EC has small moist biases (~5–10%), which are within the uncertainty of radiosonde measurements, in thin and high clouds. Temperature biases of all data are within ±1 K at altitudes above the 700 hPa level but increase with decreasing altitude. Cloud‐cleared retrievals lead to large AIRS cold biases (reaching about −2 K) in the lower troposphere for large COD, enhancing the cold biases inherited from the NNW. Consequently, AIRS GOOD quality T root‐mean‐squared errors (RMSEs) are slightly smaller than the NNW errors in thin clouds (1.5–2.5 K) but slightly larger than the NNW errors for thick COD (reaching 3.5 K near the surface). The AIRS BEST quality control retains retrievals with uncertainties closer to those of the NNW. The AIRS error estimates reported in the L2 product tend to underestimate the precision (RMSE) implied by comparisons to the radiosonde measurements and do not reflect the observed cloud dependency of uncertainties.
Representation of microphysical processes in cloud‐resolving models: Spectral (bin) microphysics versus bulk parameterization
Authors: Khain A. P. , Beheng K. D. , Heymsfield A. , Korolev A. , Krichak S. O. , Levin Z. , Pinsky M. , Phillips V. , Prabhakaran T. , Teller A. , van den Heever S. C. , Yano J.‐I. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMost atmospheric motions of different spatial scales and precipitation are closely related to phase transitions in clouds. The continuously increasing resolution of large‐scale and mesoscale atmospheric models makes it feasible to treat the evolution of individual clouds. The explicit treatment of clouds requires the simulation of cloud microphysics. Two main approaches describing cloud microphysical properties and processes have been developed in the past four and a half decades: bulk microphysics parameterization and spectral (bin) microphysics (SBM). The development and utilization of both represent an important step forward in cloud modeling. This study presents a detailed survey of the physical basis and the applications of both bulk microphysics parameterization and SBM. The results obtained from simulations of a wide range of atmospheric phenomena, from tropical cyclones through Arctic clouds using these two approaches are compared. Advantages and disadvantages, as well as lines of future development for these methods are discussed.
Catalytic Tandem Markovnikov Hydroamination–Alkynylation and Markovnikov Hydroamination–Hydrovinylation
Authors: Palchak Zachary L. , Lussier Daniel J. , Pierce Conor J. , Yoo Hoseong , Larsen Catharine H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA tandem hydroamination–alkynylation was developed as a unique mode of accessing tetrasubstituted propargylic amines. The first equivalent of an alkyne acts as the electrophile in a Markovnikov hydroamination. The resultant ketimine intermediate is attacked by the second equivalent of alkyne in its nucleophilic copper acetylide form. Studies on the role of each component indicate that the overall reaction is first‐order in copper, amine, and alkyne. In addition, a tandem hydroamination–hydrovinylation provides for an unprecedented one‐step synthesis of a 1‐amino‐1,3‐butadiene from phenylacetylene and morpholine.magnified image
Over the sands and far away: Interpreting an Iberian mitochondrial lineage with ancient Western African origins
Authors: Pardiñas Antonio F. , Martínez José Luis , Roca Agustín , García‐Vazquez Eva , López Belén 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesThere is an ongoing effort to characterize the genetic links between Africa and Europe, mostly using lineages and haplotypes that are specific to one continent but had an ancient origin in the other. Mitochondrial DNA has been proven to be a very useful tool for this purpose since a high number of putatively European‐specific variants of the African L* lineages have been defined over the years. Due to their geographic locations, Spain and Portugal seem to be ideal places for searching for these lineages.MethodsFive members of a minor branch of haplogroup L3f were found in recent DNA samplings in the region of Asturias (Northern Spain), which is known for its historical isolation. The frequency of L3f in this population (≈1%) is unexpectedly high in comparison with other related lineages in Europe. Complete mitochondrial DNA sequencing of these L3f lineages, as well phylogenetic and phylogeographic comparative analyses have been performed.ResultsThe L3f variant found in Asturias seems to constitute an Iberian‐specific haplogroup, distantly related to lineages in Northern Africa and with a deep ancestry in Western Africa. Coalescent algorithms estimate the minimum arrival time as 8,000 years ago, and a possible route through the Gibraltar Strait.ConclusionsResults are concordant with a previously proposed Neolithic connection between Southern Europe and Western Africa, which might be key to the proper understanding of the ancient links between these two continents. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:777–783, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Incorporation of Calix[6]Arene Macrocycles and (Pseudo)Rotaxanes in Bilayer Membranes: Towards Controllable Artificial Liposomal Channels
Authors: Zappacosta Romina , Fontana Antonella , Credi Alberto , Arduini Arturo , Secchi Andrea 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe growing interest in the study of membrane‐active ion (in particular, anion) transporters motivates the investigation of the mechanisms that underlie the transport process. The interest of the scientific community in this area is largely due to the great importance of transmembrane ion‐transport phenomena in many diseases. In this paper we investigated the role of calix[6]arene‐based pseudorotaxanes and rotaxanes on transmembrane transport of ions across the bilayer of liposomes composed of 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (POPC; diameter 100 nm). We evaluated the effect of these interlocked systems on the properties of the bilayer and on membrane permeability towards chloride ions and 5(6)‐carboxyfluorescein. These findings may pave the way for the construction of new generations of pharmacological systems regulating the transport of chloride ions.
Topical colloidal silver as an anti‐biofilm agent in a Staphylococcus aureus chronic rhinosinusitis sheep model
Authors: Rajiv Sukanya , Drilling Amanda , Bassiouni Ahmed , James Craig , Vreugde Sarah , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundTreatment of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a challenge with increasing antibiotic resistance, leading to re‐emergence of topical therapies. The aim of this study was to assess safety and efficacy of topical colloidal silver solution for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in a sheep model.MethodsIn the safety study, normal saline (control) and 30‐ppm colloidal silver solution (test) was used to flush the frontal sinuses for 14 days in 8 sheep (4 sheep each). In the efficacy study, following frontal sinus infection with Staphylococcus aureus, sheep were treated with either control saline or topical silver solution of varying concentrations (30 ppm/20 ppm/10 ppm/5 ppm) for 5 days, with 4 sheep in each group. Blood silver level, full blood counts, and biochemical parameters were analyzed in both safety and efficacy studies. Sinus tissue was harvested for histological examination and ciliary structure analysis in safety and for biofilm biomass quantification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique and COMSTAT 2 software in the efficacy study. Results were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.ResultsSheep treated with silver showed a significant decrease in biofilm biomass (0.004, 0.004, 0.004, and 0.007, in the 4 silver‐treated groups, respectively) compared to saline control (0.175), p < 0.001. Although average blood silver levels were higher in the treated groups compared to controls (p < 0.05), blood counts and biochemical parameters were normal. Histology and ciliary structure analysis did not show any difference between control and treatment groups.ConclusionTopical colloidal silver solution has effective antibiofilm activity in Staphylococcus aureus CRS in a sheep model and appears safe.
Gram‐negative bacterial carriage in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis is not associated with more severe inflammation
Authors: Tabet Paul , Endam Leandra Mfuna , Boisvert Pierre , Boulet Louis‐Philippe , Desrosiers Martin 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundWe have previously demonstrated that persistent symptoms following functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is associated with Gram‐negative bacterial carriage. Mechanisms for this remain unknown. We wished to determine whether Gram‐negative carriage in patients with CRS with nasal polyposis is associated with a more severe inflammatory phenomenon.MethodsThree hundred and thirty‐seven patients with CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) previously phenotyped for genetic association studies with questionnaire, serum biomarkers, and endoscopically‐obtained swab cultures were studied. These were separated according to the presence (wGN) or absence (sGN) of Gram‐negative bacterial carriage; demographic parameters and available serum biomarkers (complete blood count [CBC], total immunoglobulin E [IgE]) were then compared. Subgroup analysis for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (GNwPa) and non‐Pseudomonas Gram‐negative bacteria (GNsPs) was performed in order to explore potentially differential roles of these bacteria.ResultsGram‐negative bacterial carriage was not associated with a difference in demographic parameters or serum biomarkers. However, P. aeruginosa carriage was associated with a higher self‐reported incidence of asthma (GNwPa 79%, sGN 57%; p = 0.048). Interestingly, serum IgE was increased in the non‐Pseudomonas Gram‐negative population (GNsPs: 338 IU/mL, sGN: 195 IU/mL; p = 0.026).ConclusionCRSwNP patients colonized with Gram‐negative bacteria have a similar pattern of inflammation as assessed by serum biomarkers to those colonized with Gram‐positive ones. Gram‐negative bacteria may contribute to development of a T helper 2 (Th2) phenotype via other mechanisms, possibly via Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)‐mediated interleukin 33 (IL‐33) production. Differences in phenotype associated with Pseudomonas species carriage suggest a different behavior than other Gram‐negative bacteria, supporting their importance as disease modifiers in CRSwNP.
Non‐Centrosymmetric Homochiral Supramolecular Polymers of Tetrahedral Subphthalocyanine Molecules
Authors: Guilleme Julia , Mayoral María J. , Calbo Joaquín , Aragó Juan , Viruela Pedro M. , Ortí Enrique , Torres Tomás , González‐Rodríguez David 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA combination of spectroscopy (UV/Vis absorption, emission, and circular dichroism), microscopy (AFM and TEM), and computational studies reveal the formation of non‐centrosymmetric homochiral columnar subphthalocyanine assemblies. These assemblies form through a cooperative supramolecular polymerization process driven by hydrogen‐bonding between amide groups, π–π stacking, and dipolar interactions between axial BF bonds.
Robuste chemische Speicherung von digitalen Informationen auf DNA in Silicat unter Verwendung fehlerkorrigierender Codes
Authors: Grass Robert N. , Heckel Reinhard , Puddu Michela , Paunescu Daniela , Stark Wendelin J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAuf Papier gedruckte oder auf Mikrofilm projizierte Information kann mehr als 500 Jahre überdauern. Die Speicherung von digitaler Information über Zeiträume über 50 Jahre stellt hingegen eine große Herausforderung dar. Hier zeigen wir, dass digitale Information auf DNA gespeichert werden kann und auch nach wesentlich längeren Zeiträumen wieder fehlerfrei auslesbar ist. Um eine Wiederherstellung der gespeicherten Information zu gewährleisten, wurde DNA in eine anorganische Matrix eingeschlossen. Zusätzlich dazu wurden fehlerkorrigierende Codes verwendet, um während der Lagerung entstehende Fehler zu beheben. Hierfür codierten wir 83 Kilobytes an Information in 4991 DNA‐Segmente, die jeweils 158 Nukleotide lang waren und in einer SiO2‐Matrix eingeschlossen wurden. Beschleunigte Alterungsprozesse wurden simuliert, um die Zerfallskinetik der DNA zu untersuchen. Es zeigte sich, dass die Daten in DNA unter verschiedensten Bedingungen Jahrhunderte lang archiviert werden können. Die ursprüngliche Information konnte selbst nach einwöchiger Lagerung bei 70 °C noch fehlerfrei wiederhergestellt werden. Dies ist thermisch äquivalent zu einer Lagerung in Zentraleuropa über einem Zeitraum von ca. 2000 Jahren.
Polyether–maleimide‐based crosslinked self‐healing polyurethane with Diels–Alder bonds
Authors: Zhong Yiting , Wang Xinling , Zheng Zhen , Du Pengfei 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe Diels–Alder (DA) reaction is particularly desirable for the preparation of heat‐stimuli self‐healing polymeric materials because of its thermal reversibility, high yield, and minimal side reactions. Some attempts were conducted to synthesize polyether–maleimide‐based crosslinked self‐healing polyurethane with DA bonds (C‐PEMIPU–DA) through the reactions of the prepolymer (polymeric MDI/PBA‐1000) functionalized by furfuryl amine and polyether–maleimide without benzene in this study. The structures of intermediates and C‐PEMIPU–DA were first confirmed by 1H‐NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Next, the thermal reversibility and the self‐healing performance of C‐PEMIPU–DA were studied by 1H‐NMR, polarizing optical microscopy, tensile testing, and a sol–gel process. The results show that C‐PEMIPU–DA exhibited interesting properties of thermal reversibility and self‐healing. The polymers could be applied to self‐healing materials or recyclable materials in the fields of the repair of composite structures and aging parts because of their thermosetting properties at room temperature and thermoplasticity at higher temperatures. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41944.