bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions of Pt‐ttpy with G‐Quadruplexes Originating from Promoter Region of the c‐myc Gene Deciphered by NMR and Gel Electrophoresis Analysis
Authors: Trajkovski Marko , Morel Elodie , Hamon Florian , Bombard Sophie , Teulade‐Fichou Marie‐Paule , Plavec Janez 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis study provides insights into the interactions of Pt‐ttpy, that is, a metallo‐organic heterocycle‐comprising platinum(II) complex of terpyridine, and G‐quadruplexes adopted by G‐rich DNA from the transcriptional regulatory element of the c‐myc gene, a well‐known attractive target for artificial modulation of oncogene expression. A previously noted drug‐like potential of Pt‐ttpy relies on its antiproliferative activity on cancer cells and its increased selectivity for G‐quadruplex binding attributed to the combination of distinct interacting modes. The predominant interaction between the herein used models of a parallel G‐quadruplex exhibiting short propeller‐type loops and Pt‐ttpy occurs through stacking to the outer G‐quartets. The presence of adenine versus thymine residue at the 5’‐end overhanging region allows the coordinative binding of Pt‐ttpy to the G‐quadruplex structure. Interestingly, Pt‐ttpy triggers the formation of the G‐quadruplex even in the absence of cations. Furthermore, NMR‐based characterisation revealed common structural features of Pt‐ttpy–G‐quadruplex complexes in the presence and absence of cations, which indicate that cations may be expelled from the cores of the corresponding structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Cesium Carbonate Promoted Direct Arylation of Hydroxylamines and Oximes with Diaryliodonium Salts.
Authors: Yang Yang , Wu Xunshen , Han Jianwei , Mao Song , Qian Xiaofei , Wang Limin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe title reaction is efficient, is tolerant to a variety of substituents, and proceeds under mild reaction conditions without any additional transition‐metals.
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct C—H/Ar—H Coupling Approach to Oxindoles, Thio‐Oxindoles, 3,4‐Dihydro‐1H‐quinolin‐2‐ones, and 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinolines.
Authors: Hurst Timothy E. , Gorman Ryan M. , Drouhin Pauline , Perry Alexis , Taylor Richard J. K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCEH is identified as inexpensive and efficient catalyst for all approaches to the title heterocycles including double cyclizations [cf.
Synthesis of Quaternary α‐Hydroxy Phosphonates via Direct Hydroxylation of Phosphonate Compounds
Authors: Liu Jiyan , Wang Wei , Wang Rui , Gu Lijun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIt was found for the first time that Cs2CO3 serves as highly efficient catalyst for the direct hydroxylation reactions of phosphonates under mild conditions. This reaction provides an efficient approach to quaternary α‐hydroxy phosphonates, which possess intriguing biological activities and are widely used in many areas.
Pd(OAc)2/PPh3‐Catalyzed Desulfonylative Homocoupling of Arylsulfonyl Chlorides
Authors: Zhao Qiao , Chen Liangshun , Lang Hongyue , Wu Shengying , Wang Limin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed homodimerization with respect to arylsulfonyl chlorides as an efficient method for the synthesis of biaryls has been developed. This desulfonylative reaction which was performed at reflux in 1,4‐dioxane for 4 h under air afforded the desired products in good to excellent yields.
α‐Chymotrypsin‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)alkanes in Water
Authors: Sun Dazhao , Jiang Guofang , Xie Zongbo , Le Zhanggao 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA novel methodology for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes by the reaction of aromatic aldehydes and indole in water has been developed, and a series of desired products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields (from 65% to 97%) using 1.2 mg/mL α‐chymotrypsin as biocatalyst.
DBU‐Mediated Carboxylative Coupling of Primary Amines, Carbon Dioxide and Propargyl Chlorides
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Zhen , Ren Xiang , Lu Xiao‐Bing 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA carboxylative coupling reaction of various primary amine and 3‐phenyl‐2‐propynyl or 2‐nonynyl chloride in the presence of 8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) using carbon dioxide as carboxylative reagent was presented. This transition‐metal free reaction system shows broad substrate scope and gives a series of propargylcarbamates in moderate to good yield. The obtained N‐alkyl substituted carbamate product can undergo base‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclization reaction to afford functionalized 4‐methylene‐2‐oxazolidinone in good yield.
Transfer Hydrogenation of Ethyl Levulinate to γ‐Valerolactone Catalyzed by Iron Complexes
Authors: Dai Nan , Shang Rui , Fu Mingchen , Fu Yao 
Published: March 2015

AbstractConversion of biomass‐derived ethyl levulinate to γ‐valerolactone is realized by using homogeneous iron‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation (CTH). By utilizing Casey's catalyst and cheap isopropanol as hydrogen source, γ‐valerolactone can be generated in 95% yield. Addition of catalytic amount of base is important to achieve good yield.
Regioselective Oxidation Approaches to Concise Synthesis of (±)‐Canabisin D
Authors: Li Wenling , Liu Qian , Liu Hao , Chen Peilan , Yang Xi , Liu Yingying 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe regioselective effects of tert‐butyl or bromine as the position‐protecting group of feruloytyamide on the oxidative coupling reactions for the synthesis of natural (±)‐canabisin D were investigated in detail. The coupling yield of 8‐8‐coupled aryldihydronaphthalene product of 5‐Br‐feruloytyamide was higher than that of tert‐butyl substituted precursor under FeCl3·6H2O‐acetone‐water oxidative condition.
A Calculation of the Electron Temperature of Complex Plasma of Noble Gases Mixture in CCRF Discharge
Authors: Orazbayev S. A. , Ussenov Y. A. , Ramazanov T. S. , Dosbolayev M. K. , Utegenov A. U. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this paper the results of studying of the electron temperature of buffer and complex plasmas in mixtures of noble gases (helium + argon) in capacitively coupled radiofrequency (CCRF) discharge are presented. The optical properties of dusty plasma in argon, helium and their mixtures have been studied using optical diagnostic methods. Based on spectral lines of plasma forming gases, the dependence of the electron temperature on gas pressure and discharge power has been determined. The axial distribution of electron temperature in the interelectrode gap has been measured. Measurements have been made using an RF compensated electric probe. The comparison of the experimental results shows that admixture of a small amount of argon to helium leads to a decrease in the electron temperature of buffer plasma. The presence of dust particles in the plasma causes an increase in the electron temperature. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Benzofurans with Uracils at Room Temperature
Authors: Kianmehr Ebrahim , Torabi Mehrdad , Rezazadeh Khalkhali Mehran , Faghih Nasser , Khan Khalid Mohammed 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) between two heteroarenes was developed. A variety of benzofuran and uracil derivatives were constructed through C–C bond formation by using CDC reactions. The substrates did not require prefunctionalization, and the products were obtained in good yields with good regioselectivities at room temperature.
Ubiquitous Benzoquinones, Multitalented Compounds for Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Reactions
Authors: Vasseur Alexandre , Muzart Jacques , Le Bras Jean 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPalladium(II)‐catalyzed procedures often use benzoquinone (BQ) to regenerate the catalyst. Besides its oxidation role, BQ can also promote various steps of the catalytic cycle. This review highlights the multifaceted properties of BQ and its analogues when involved in PdII‐catalyzed oxidative reactions and presents mechanisms proposed in the literature, in some cases with personal observations.
Validity of three rating scales for measuring pain intensity in youths with physical disabilities
Authors: Miró J. , Castarlenas E. , de la Vega R. , Solé E. , Tomé‐Pires C. , Jensen M.P. , Engel J.M. , Racine M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing evidence confirming that youths with physical disabilities are at risk for chronic pain. Although many scales for assessing pain intensity exist, it is unclear whether they are all equally suitable for youths. The aim of this study was to address this knowledge gap by comparing the validity of the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS‐11), the Wong Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (FACES), and a 6‐point categorical Verbal Rating Scale (VRS‐6) for assessing pain intensity among youths (aged 8–20) with physical disabilities.MethodsOne hundred and thirteen youths (mean age = 14.19 years; SD = 2.9) were interviewed and asked to rate their current pain intensity and recalled (in the past week) worst, least, and average pain with the NRS‐11 and the FACES. Participants were also asked to rate their average pain intensity during the past 4 weeks using a VRS‐6, and were administered measures assessing pain interference, disability and psychological functioning.ResultsAnalyses showed that all of the pain intensity measures were associated positively with each other. Nevertheless, the NRS‐11 appeared to out‐perform both the VRS‐6 and in particular the FACES scale with respect to: (1) the associations with the validity criterion (i.e. pain interference, disability and psychological functioning) and (2) a lack of any moderating effect of age on the association between the measure and the criterion variables.ConclusionsThe findings support the validity of the NRS‐11 for assessing pain intensity in youths with physical disabilities between the ages of 8 and 20 years.
Growth kinetics and validation of near‐physiologically synchronized HEK293S Cultures
Authors: Castillo Salvador Alan Eduardo , Fuge Grischa , Jandt Uwe , Zeng An‐Ping 
Published: March 2015

For investigation of cell cycle‐specific processes in cell cultures, synchronization methods can be applied, especially when single‐cell analytics are not applicable. Thorough validation is essential to minimize distortions introduced by the synchronization procedure and to derive valid data, which is often neglected. In this study, synchronization has been performed and validated for the first time on a human producer cell line (HEK293S) using counterflow centrifugal elutriation. Two main fractions were obtained, with the amount of G2/M cells reduced to ∼5% in the first fraction, compared to ∼16% in the non‐synchronized state, and enriched to ∼30% in the second fraction. Special care was taken with respect to the extraordinary sensitivity of these cells. Validation of correctness and degree of synchronization were based on DNA content, growth behavior, cell size distribution and consumption and production rates. The resulting cell cycle distributions, effective growth rates, and characteristic cell diameter oscillated concertedly for up to 100 h. To facilitate analysis, a new and simple approach to estimate the cell cycle position is introduced and validated. It shows that after a recovery time of 18–24 h, all relevant properties return to the state of non‐synchronized cultures. This indicates that cell cycle specific analysis can only be valid starting from approximately 18–24 h after synchronization.
Assessing toxicity of copper nanoparticles across five cladoceran species
Authors: Song Lan , Vijver Martina G. , de Snoo Geert R. , Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

As a result of ever increasing applications, nanoparticles will eventually end up in the environment. However, currently no common principle has been established to help understand the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) across species. Therefore, it is difficult to estimate the potential risks of nanoparticles to untested species in the environment. The authors exposed 4 different sizes of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and 1 submicron-sized copper particle to 5 cladoceran species (Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex, Daphnia galeata, Ceriodaphnia dubia, and Chydorus sphaericus) to investigate whether morphological attributes of species can help to assess the acute toxicity of CuNPs across species. The results showed that rod-shaped CuNPs caused much lower toxicity to all species than spherical CuNPs. Both the particles and ions contributed to the total toxicity of the CuNP suspensions. Moreover, the toxicity caused by particles in 5 different copper suspensions increases with decreasing body length, surface area, and body volume of neonates of 5 cladoceran species. Especially the correlations between body volume of the 5 cladoceran species tested and the corresponding toxicity caused by 5 different CuNPs were statistically significant, and in all cases radj2 was higher than 0.51 (p &lt; 0.001). The highest correlation was found between body volume and the toxicity of the 78-nm CuNPs (radj2 = 0.95, p &lt; 0.001). To conclude, the correlations between attributes of cladoceran species and the toxicity of CuNPs reported in the present study evoke the possibility to assess and extrapolate the toxicity of nanoparticles across species with similar attributes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1863–1869. © 2015 SETAC
Preparation, ex situ and in situ Characterization of Gas Diffusion Media Containing and Non‐Containing Carboxymethylcellulose for PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Latorrata S. , Stampino P. Gallo , Cristiani C. , Dotelli G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this paper the effect of the addition of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to microporous layers (MPLs) formulation is reported and the rheological, morphological and electrical properties of the so‐obtained MPLs are assessed. Two different PTFE/carbon black ratios are considered, with and without CMC in the ink formulation. CMC addition results in a better homogeneity and stability of the inks. Moreover, the presence of CMC leads to a better shear thinning behaviour and to a general increase in viscosity that makes these slurries more appropriate for coating deposition via doctor blade technique. The presence of CMC in MPL formulation also affects the electrochemical performances in terms of I–V curves and impedance spectra. CMC‐containing MPLs show the best performances in terms of generated power at high temperature (80 °C) and low cathodic relative humidity (RH 60 %). Ohmic resistances too, in presence of CMC, are lower than those exhibited by CMC‐free MPLs.
A Multi‐Function Compact Micro‐Channel Reactor Coated with Sulphur Tolerant Catalyst for LPG Steam Reforming
Authors: Reed J. , Chen R. , Dudfield C. , Adcock P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHydrogen fuelled polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) offer clear environmental benefits. Lack of viable hydrogen infrastructure in the near future means that a key issue is availability of hydrogen at the point of use. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) offers advantages as a fuel over other hydrocarbons because there is already an infrastructure in place for remote areas. Hydrogen supply via steam reforming of LPG is therefore a feasible avenue of achieving the environmental benefits. Commercial grade LPG unavoidably contain sulphur as an odorant, the sulphur needs to be removed from the fuel stream before it reaches the reformer catalyst and fuel cell. Utilizing sulphur tolerant catalysts in the reformer leads to a simpler fuel processor design. Thermal management and reforming efficiency has been a challenge for the sulphur tolerant catalysts. In this paper, a multi‐function compact micro‐channel reactor designed for hydrocarbon steam reforming was evaluated for use with LPG. A sulphur tolerant catalyst was wash‐coated on to the reforming layers. The reformer was tested over a wide range of reactor temperatures, steam to carbon ratios and fuel flow rates. Over 60% of H2 composition can be achieved at high reforming temperatures with a LPG supply rate of 0.75 dm3 min−1 (STP) and a S/C ratio of 4.
An Algorithm for On‐line Measurement of the Internal Resistance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Chen F. , Gao Y. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe internal resistance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system is difficult to measure on‐line due to its variation with time. The traditional electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and its variants such as high frequency resistance (HFR) can be used to measure the resistance when the system is in steady state, but they fail in automotive applications where a change in speed or inclination modifications could lead to a sharp fluctuation in demand on power. In order to resolve this problem, a novel algorithm is proposed in this paper to estimate the resistance based on the alternating current (AC) impedance spectroscopy technique by adding an extra term to eliminate the errors caused by voltage variation or when the system is under unsteady state. Numerical simulations show that the proposed algorithm can not only accurately track the variation of the internal resistance, but is also robust against the noises caused by uncertainty and measurements.
Theoretical Analysis of Reaction and Diffusion Processes in a Biofuel Cell Electrode
Authors: Saravanakumar K. , Ganesan SP. , Rajendran L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA mathematical model for reaction diffusion processes in a biofuel cell electrode is discussed. This model is based on reaction diffusion equations containing a non‐linear term related to the rate of the enzyme reaction. Theoretical treatment of a reaction and diffusion processes in a biofuel cell electrode, for the steady and non‐steady state condition is discussed. Approximate analytical expressions for the steady and non‐steady state current density at the electrode surface are calculated by using the new approach to homotopy perturbation method and complex inversion formula. An analytical expression for the steady state current density is compared with numerical results and found to be excellent in agreement. A novel graphical procedure for estimating the Michaelis‐Menten constants and turnover rate solely from the current‐potential curve is suggested. Influence of the controllable parameters such as diffusion of the mediator, Michaelis‐Menten constant for substrate, second‐order rate constant, thickness of the film, turnover rate and initial substrate concentration on the current density are discussed.
Project to bypass the Schwarzkopf Tunnel – Specialised civil engineering for a core project of Deutsche Bahn AG / Bauvorhaben Umfahrung Schwarzkopftunnel – Spezialtiefbau für ein Kernprojekt der Deutschen Bahn AG
Authors: Gutfrucht Manfred , Haugwitz Hans‐Gerd , Schmitz Stefan , Wecker Klaus 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe line being upgraded (ABS) from Hanau to Nantenbach is part of the about 112 km long Main‐Spessart‐Bahn line between Hanau and Würzburg. The line is a central axis for long‐distance and goods traffic linking the economic centres of the Rhine‐Main region with Würzburg and the region of Franken and with more than 200 trains per day is one of the most heavily trafficked lines of German Railways DB. A key part of the project is the bypassing of the 160 year old Schwarzkopf Tunnel between Laufach and Heigenbrücken.In order to bypass the Schwarzkopf Tunnel, four new cut‐and‐cover tunnels are being constructed, which requires extensive specialised civil engineering measures. The excavations for the cut‐and‐cover tunnel sections are supported by piled walls, nailed walls and walls with walers. In addition, extensive piled foundations are being provided for the open‐air sections using the continuous flight auger (CFA) method. There is also soil nailing along the existing tracks and temporary and permanent anchoring. The article gives a brief overview of the project and describes examples of the specialised civil engineering methods used through the example of two structures.Die Ausbaustrecke (ABS) Hanau‐Nantenbach ist Teil der rund 112 km langen Main‐Spessart‐Bahn zwischen Hanau und Würzburg. Die Strecke verbindet als eine zentrale Achse des Fern‐ und Güterverkehrs die Wirtschaftszentren des Rhein‐Main‐Gebietes mit Würzburg und der Region Franken und zählt mit über 200 Zügen täglich zu den am stärksten frequentierten Trassen im Netz der Deutschen Bahn. Kernmaßnahme des Projekts ist die Umfahrung des rund 160 Jahre alten Schwarzkopftunnels zwischen Laufach und Heigenbrücken.Für die Umfahrung des Schwarzkopftunnels werden vier neue Tunnel teilweise in offener Bauweise errichtet. Dabei sind umfangreiche Spezialtiefbaumaßnahmen zu erbringen. Die Baugruben für die offenen Tunnelabschnitte werden mit Pfahlwänden, Nagel‐ und Verbauwänden gesichert. Außerdem wird für die Bahndämme der neuen Zugtrasse eine umfassende Pfahlgründung im Schneckenortbeton‐Verfahren (SOB‐Verfahren) ausgeführt. Dazu kommen Bodenvernagelungen entlang der Bestandsgleise sowie Aussteifungen und temporäre sowie dauerhafte Verankerungen. Der Beitrag gibt eine kurze Projektübersicht und zeigt anhand zweier Bauwerke die durchgeführten Spezialtiefbauarbeiten beispielhaft auf.
Reclaimed Water Filtration Efficiency and Drip Irrigation Emitter Performance with Different Combinations of Sand and Disc Filters
Authors: Wen‐Yong Wu , Yan Huang , Hong‐Lu Liu , Shi‐Yang Yin , Yong Niu 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFilters are the most important components in micro‐irrigation systems, in particular for filtering high levels of suspended solids in reclaimed water. An experiment was conducted using reclaimed water to evaluate the removal efficiencies of sand filters with different uniformity coefficients (UCS) and in combination with sand filters with a 130 µm disc filter (120‐mesh). The treatment effects on emitter discharge were also investigated in this study. The results showed that the sand filters exhibited removal efficiencies of 11.4–48.0%, increasing to 30.7–80.3% when combined with the disc filter. The sand filter removal efficiency decreased with increase of the media diameter. A linear‐plateau relationship was observed between the removal efficiency and UCS. Compared to the control group, the combined filters reduced emitter clogging and significantly prevented a decrease in emitter discharge. It is suggested using the equivalent diameter, dt, to represent the filter medium diameter instead of using the effective diameter, de. The recommended value for the sand filter UCS > 2.0 for a mean total suspended solids (TSS) of 17.5 ± 12.7 mg l−1. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Toxocara cati Excretory–Secretory Larval Antigens in Serodiagnosis of Human Toxocariasis
Authors: Zibaei Mohammad , Sadjjadi Seyed Mahmoud , Sarkari Bahador , Uga Shoji 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundToxocariasis is the clinical term that is applied to infection in the human host with Toxocara species larvae. Serological tests are important tools for the diagnosis of toxocariasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the excretory–secretory (ES) antigens of T. cati larvae using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and also Western blotting for serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis.MethodThe ES antigens were prepared from T. cati third‐stage larvae. Serum samples were obtained from 33 confirmed cases of toxocariasis, 35 patients infected with other parasitic diseases, and 30 from healthy individuals tested with ELISA and immunoblotting.ResultsThe ELISA showed appropriate performance in term of specificity (96.7%) and sensitivity (97.0%). Electrophoretic analysis of T. cati ES antigens revealed a range of 20‐ to 150‐kDa fractions. The highest sensitivity was achieved with 42‐ and 50‐kDa fractions.ConclusionThe ELISA analyses using T. cati ES antigens demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity compared to T. canis ES as antigens for diagnosis of human toxocariasis. Accordingly, application of Western blotting, based on 42‐ and 50‐kDa fractions of ES antigens, can be recommended for the accurate diagnosis of toxocariasis.