bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carer Perspectives About the Acceptability and Usability of the TRANSITION Tool to Support Preparation for Older Adult Care Transitions: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Allen Jacqueline , Lobchuk Michelle , Livingston Patricia M. , Roberts Gail , Hutchinson Alison M. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionTransitional care of older adults can be highly stressful for informal carers (carers) particularly when they are not involved in preparation and planning with health practitioners. This study aimed to ascertain carer perspectives about the potential acceptability and usability of a tool entitled the TRANSITION tool to support preparation and planning for the transition of an older adult from hospital to home.DesignExploratory qualitative.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were undertaken between March 2020 and October 2021. A focus group was conducted in July 2022 to seek additional information and support data saturation. A total of 23 participants took part. Data were thematically analysed.FindingsParticipants explained their perspectives about the tool in four themes: (1) the TRANSITION tool has value, but health practitioners ask the questions; (2) the TRANSITION tool would be useful and acceptable, but not for all carers; (3) interacting with health practitioners is a barrier to using the tool and to communication; and (4) recognising us as part of the care team.ConclusionsWhile the tool was found to have potential value and utility, it would only be expected to support carers when they are valued and respected by health practitioners. Leadership is required in healthcare organisations to support genuine care for older adults and their carers, and to enable health practitioners to have time for transitional care communication.Implications for PracticeThe findings from the study suggest that the TRANSITION tool could support carers by prompting them about important areas of care to include in communication with health practitioners during discharge preparation.
How to extend pilot innovation in public services: A case of children's social care innovation
Authors: Currie Graeme , Lynch Amy , Swan Jacky , Alderson Hayley , Friel Seana , Harrop Carrie , Johnson Rebecca , Kerridge Gary , Smart Deborah , McGovern Ruth , Munro Emily 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere is considerable investment by government policymakers in supporting pilot innovation in public services, following which pilots prove difficult to sustain. Our 4‐year longitudinal study of three pilot innovations in England, which seek to support the transition of care leavers into adulthood, provides insight into how such pilots can be sustained. Conceiving innovation as a journey, our study first identifies the dynamics of innovation around five key ingredients: the role of senior managers in cultivating a receptive context for innovation, distributed leadership, user co‐production, measurement of outcomes, and innovation adaption. Second, our study highlights some ingredients are more important as implementation of innovation is initiated and may fade in importance as the innovation journey proceeds. Third, our study shows innovation ingredients are shaped by organizational contingencies of performance and financial pressures. Finally, we suggest a need for a contextualized implementation science framework to examine innovation in social care.
Gossypium arboreumPPD2 facilitates root architecture development to increase plant resilience to salt stress
Authors: Xu Xiao , Wen Tianyang , Ren Aiping , Li Dongliang , Dawood Muhammad , Wu Jiahe , Zhao Ge 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway plays an important role in plant responses to abiotic stresses. The PEAPOD (PPD) and jasmonate ZIM‐domain (JAZ) protein in the JA signaling pathway belong to the same family, but their functions in regulating plant defense against salt stress remain to be elucidated. Here, Gossypium arboreum PPD2 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana and systematically silenced in cotton for exploring its function in regulating plant defense to salt stress. The GaPPD2‐overexpressed Arabidopsis thaliana plants significantly increased the tolerance to salt stress compared to the wild type in both medium and soil, while the GaPPD2‐silenced cotton plants showed higher sensitivity to salt stress than the control in pots. The antioxidant activities experiment showed that GaPPD2 may mitigate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species by promoting superoxide dismutase accumulation, consequently improving plant resilience to salt stress. Through the exogenous application of MeJA (methy jasmonate) and the protein degradation inhibitor MG132, it was found that GaPPD2 functions in plant defense against salt stress and is involved in the JA signaling pathway. The RNA‐seq analysis of GaPPD2‐overexpressed A. thaliana plants and receptor materials showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in antioxidant activity, peroxidase activity, and plant hormone signaling pathways. qRT‐PCR results demonstrated that GaPPD2 might positively regulate plant defense by inhibiting GH3.2/3.10/3.12 expression and activating JAZ7/8 expression. The findings highlight the potential of GaPPD2 as a JA signaling component gene for improving the cotton plant resistance to salt stress and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying plant responses to environmental stresses.
Effects of home‐based telerehabilitation‐assisted inspiratory muscle training in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aktan Rıdvan , Tertemiz Kemal Can , Yiğit Salih , Özalevli Sevgi , Ozgen Alpaydin Aylin , Uçan Eyüp Sabri 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThere are few studies that have used inspiratory muscle training (IMT) as an intervention for patients with isolated idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aimed to investigate and interpret the effects of home‐based telerehabilitation‐assisted IMT in patients with IPF.MethodsTwenty‐eight participants with IPF took part in the study. Lung function tests, functional exercise capacity by 6‐min walk distance (6MWD), dyspnoea perception by modified medical research council dyspnoea scale (mMRC), and inspiratory muscle strength by maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) were assessed. IMT was performed twice a day, 7 days/week, for 8 weeks. The intervention group (n = 14) performed IMT at 50% of their baseline MIP while the control group (n = 14) performed IMT without applied resistance. Loading intensity was progressed by keeping the load at 4–6 on a modified Borg scale for the highest tolerable perceived respiratory effort for each patient.ResultsDyspnoea based on mMRC score (p < 0.001, η2 effect size = 0.48) significantly decreased within the intervention group compared with the control group. There were significant increases in the intervention group compared to the control group based on 6MWD (p < 0.001, η2 effect size = 0.43), MIP (p = 0.006, η2 effect size = 0.25) and MIP % predicted (p = 0.008, η2 effect size = 0.25).ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that an 8‐week home‐based telerehabilitation‐assisted IMT intervention produced improvements in inspiratory muscle strength, leading to improvements in functional exercise capacity and dyspnoea.
Gender and corruption in firms: The importance of regional context
Authors: Bastos João Pedro , Bologna Pavlik Jamie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe idea that there are gendered differences in corruption in the political arena is common. Two explanations for these differences include risk aversion and network effects. However, business leaders include a self‐selected group of individuals that are comparatively risk‐tolerant and well‐connected. Using firm‐level data for 144 countries from 2006 to 2019, we test whether female‐run businesses engage in corruption differently than men. In the aggregate, we find a potentially puzzling result: female‐managed firms are engaged in less corruption and report it being less of an obstacle compared to their male counterparts; female‐owned firms are just the opposite. Once we disaggregate the data into region specific estimates, a clearer pattern emerges. Corruption is more harmful for female‐run firms in the areas of the world that have more gender inequality overall.
“He is changing, but I'm changing too”: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of spouse caregivers' identity in the context of dementia
Authors: Westrelin Nicolas , Denève Catherine , Gérain Pierre , Zech Emmanuelle 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores the process through which informal caregivers, particularly spouses, construct their identity within the context of caregiving for individuals with dementia. Despite extensive research in psychology aimed at defining caregiving (e.g. tasks, consequences), few informal caregivers identify themselves as such. For instance, the affective bond shared between caregivers and care‐recipients often imbues caregiving responsibilities with a sense of “naturalness,” especially if the care‐recipient is a spouse.MethodsTo investigate the nature of caregiver identity construction, eight semi‐structured interviews were conducted with spouse caregivers of dementia patients. The collected data underwent interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).ResultsThree interconnected themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Perceiving changes in my partner, which involves recognising alterations in the care‐receiver's characteristics due to dementia; (2) Processing changes, encompassing the experience of grieving losses and reminiscing about the past; and (3) Perceiving changes in myself, referring to the acknowledgement of personal changes due to caregiving.ConclusionThe study emphasises the dynamic and ongoing nature of caregiver identity construction, which begins with the early recognition of changes in the care‐receiver. Interestingly, spouse caregivers oscillate between their identity as a spouse and caregiver, influenced by how they process changes undergone by their partner. Contrasting with previous theories on caregivers' identity, our results focus of caregivers' perceptions rather than their relationship with the care‐recipient or caregiving tasks.
Anaerobic bacteria in chronic wounds: Roles in disease, infection and treatment failure
Authors: Coluccio Alison , Lopez Palomera Francia , Spero Melanie A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInfection is among the most common factors that impede wound healing, yet standard treatments routinely fail to resolve chronic wound infections. The chronic wound environment is largely hypoxic/anoxic, and wounds are predominantly colonised by facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria. Oxygen (O2) limitation is an underappreciated driver of microbiota composition and behaviour in chronic wounds. In this perspective article, we examine how anaerobic bacteria and their distinct physiologies support persistent, antibiotic‐recalcitrant infections. We describe the anaerobic energy metabolisms bacteria rely on for long‐term survival in the wound environment, and why many antibiotics become less effective under hypoxic conditions. We also discuss obligate anaerobes, which are among the most prevalent taxa to colonise chronic wounds, yet their potential roles in influencing the microbial community and wound healing have been overlooked. All of the most common obligate anaerobes found in chronic wounds are opportunistic pathogens. We consider how these organisms persist in the wound environment and interface with host physiology to hinder wound healing processes or promote chronic inflammation. Finally, we apply our understanding of anaerobic physiologies to evaluate current treatment practices and to propose new strategies for treating chronic wound infections.
ARGONAUT-III and -V: susceptibility of carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
and multidrug-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
to the bicyclic boronate β-lactamase inhibitor taniborbactam combined with cefepime
Authors: Jacobs Michael R. , Abdelhamed Ayman M. , Good Caryn E. , Mack Andrew R. , Bethel Christopher R. , Marshall Steven , Hujer Andrea M. , Hujer Kristine M. , Patel Robin , van Duin David , Fowler Vance G. , Rhoads Daniel D. , Six David A. , Moeck Greg , Uehara Tsuyoshi , Papp-Wallace Krisztina M. , Bonomo Robert A. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Taniborbactam, a bicyclic boronate β-lactamase inhibitor with activity against
Klebsiella pneumoniae
carbapenemase (KPC), Verona integron–encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM), New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM), extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), OXA-48, and AmpC β-lactamases, is under clinical development in combination with cefepime. Susceptibility of 200 previously characterized carbapenem-resistant
K. pneumoniae
and 197 multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
to cefepime-taniborbactam and comparators was determined by broth microdilution. For
K. pneumoniae
(192 KPC; 7 OXA-48-related), MIC
90
values of β-lactam components for cefepime-taniborbactam, ceftazidime-avibactam, and meropenem-vaborbactam were 2, 2, and 1 mg/L, respectively. For cefepime-taniborbactam, 100% and 99.5% of isolates of
K. pneumoniae
were inhibited at ≤16 mg/L and ≤8 mg/L, respectively, while 98.0% and 95.5% of isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam and meropenem-vaborbactam, respectively. For
P. aeruginosa
, MIC
90
values of β-lactam components of cefepime-taniborbactam, ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, and meropenem-vaborbactam were 16, >8, >8, and >4 mg/L, respectively. Of 89 carbapenem-susceptible isolates, 100% were susceptible to ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftazidime-avibactam, and cefepime-taniborbactam at ≤8 mg/L. Of 73 carbapenem-intermediate/resistant
P. aeruginosa
isolates without carbapenemases, 87.7% were susceptible to ceftolozane-tazobactam, 79.5% to ceftazidime-avibactam, and 95.9% and 83.6% to cefepime-taniborbactam at ≤16 mg/L and ≤8 mg/L, respectively. Cefepime-taniborbactam at ≤16 mg/L and ≤8 mg/L, respectively, was active against 73.3% and 46.7% of 15 VIM- and 60.0% and 35.0% of 20 KPC-producing
P. aeruginosa
isolates. Of all 108 carbapenem-intermediate/resistant
P. aeruginosa
isolates, cefepime-taniborbactam was active against 86.1% and 69.4% at ≤16 mg/L and ≤8 mg/L, respectively, compared to 59.3% for ceftolozane-tazobactam and 63.0% for ceftazidime-avibactam. Cefepime-taniborbactam had
in vitro
activity comparable to ceftazidime-avibactam and greater than meropenem-vaborbactam against carbapenem-resistant
K. pneumoniae
and carbapenem-intermediate/resistant MDR
P. aeruginosa
.
Plasmid-mediated acquisition and chromosomal integration of
bla
CTX-M-14
in a subclade of
Escherichia coli
ST131-
H
30 clade C1
Authors: Komori Kohji , Aoki Kotaro , Harada Sohei , Ishii Yoshikazu , Tateda Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
ST131 is a multidrug-resistant lineage associated with the global spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing organisms. Particularly, ST131 clade C1 is the most predominant clade in Japan, harboring
bla
CTX-M-14
at a high frequency. However, the process of resistance gene acquisition and spread remains unclear. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 19
E. coli
strains belonging to 12 STs and 12
fimH
types collected between 1997 and 2016. Additionally, we analyzed the full-length genome sequences of 96 ST131-
H
30 clade C0 and C1 strains, including those obtained from this study and those registered in public databases, to understand how ST131 clade C1 acquired and spread
bla
CTX-M-14
. We detected conjugative IncFII plasmids and IncB/O/K/Z plasmids carrying
bla
CTX-M-14
in diverse genetic lineages of
E. coli
strains from the 1990s to the 2010s, suggesting that these plasmids played an important role in the spread of
bla
CTX-M-14
. Molecular phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses of the 96 ST131-
H
30 clade C0 and C1 strains identified 8 subclades. Strains harboring
bla
CTX-M-14
were clustered in subclades 4 and 5, and it was inferred that clade C1 acquired
bla
CTX-M-14
around 1993. All 34 strains belonging to subclade 5 possessed
bla
CTX-M-14
with IS
Ecp1
upstream at the same chromosomal position, indicating their common ancestor acquired
bla
CTX-M-14
in a single IS
Ecp1
-mediated transposition event during the early formation of the subclade around 1999. Therefore, both the horizontal transfer of plasmids carrying
bla
CTX-M-14
to diverse genetic lineages and chromosomal integration in the predominant genetic lineage have contributed to the spread of
bla
CTX-M-14
.
Regulation of potassium uptake in
Caulobacter crescentus
Authors: Quintero-Yanes Alex , Léger Loïc , Collignon Madeline , Mignon Julien , Mayard Aurélie , Michaux Catherine , Hallez Régis 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Potassium (K
+
) is an essential physiological element determining membrane potential, intracellular pH, osmotic/turgor pressure, and protein synthesis in cells. Here, we describe the regulation of potassium uptake systems in the oligotrophic α-proteobacterium
Caulobacter crescentus
known as a model for asymmetric cell division. We show that
C. crescentus
can grow in concentrations from the micromolar to the millimolar range by mainly using two K
+
transporters to maintain potassium homeostasis, the low-affinity Kup and the high-affinity Kdp uptake systems. When K
+
is not limiting, we found that the
kup
gene is essential while
kdp
inactivation does not impact the growth. In contrast,
kdp
becomes critical but not essential and
kup
dispensable for growth in K
+
-limited environments. However, in the absence of
kdp
, mutations in
kup
were selected to improve growth in K
+
-depleted conditions, likely by increasing the affinity of Kup for K
+
. In addition, mutations in the KdpDE two-component system, which regulates
kdpABCDE
expression, suggest that the inner membrane sensor regulatory component KdpD mainly works as a phosphatase to limit the growth when cells reach late exponential phase. Our data therefore suggest that KdpE is phosphorylated by another non-cognate histidine kinase. On top of this, we determined the KdpE-dependent and independent K
+
transcriptome. Together, our work illustrates how an oligotrophic bacterium responds to fluctuation in K
+
availability.

IMPORTANCE

Potassium (K
+
) is a key metal ion involved in many essential cellular processes. Here, we show that the oligotroph
Caulobacter crescentus
can support growth at micromolar concentrations of K
+
by mainly using two K
+
uptake systems, the low-affinity Kup and the high-affinity Kdp. Using genome-wide approaches, we also determined the entire set of genes required for
C. crescentus
to survive at low K
+
concentration as well as the full K
+
-dependent regulon. Finally, we found that the transcriptional regulation mediated by the KdpDE two-component system is unconventional since unlike
Escherichia coli
, the inner membrane sensor regulatory component KdpD seems to work rather as a phosphatase on the phosphorylated response regulator KdpE~P.
Structural Basis for Evasion of New SARS-CoV-2 Variants from the Potent Virus-Neutralizing Nanobody Targeting the S-Protein Receptor-Binding Domain
Authors: Sluchanko Nikolai N. , Shcheblyakov Dmitry V. , Varfolomeeva Larisa A. , Favorskaya Irina A. , Dolzhikova Inna V. , Korobkova Anastasia I. , Alekseeva Irina A. , Esmagambetov Ilias B. , Derkaev Artem A. , Prokofiev Vladimir V. , Zorkov Ilya D. , Logunov Denis Y. , Gintsburg Alexander L. , Popov Vladimir O. , Boyko Konstantin M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
COVID-19 has caused millions of deaths and many times more infections worldwide, emphasizing the unpreparedness of the global health system in the face of new infections and the key role for vaccines and therapeutics, including virus-neutralizing antibodies, in prevention and containment of the disease. Continuous evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has been causing its new variants to evade the action of the immune system, which highlighted the importance of detailed knowledge of the epitopes of already selected potent virus-neutralizing antibodies. A single-chain antibody (“nanobody”) targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), clone P2C5, had exhibited robust virus-neutralizing activity against all SARS-CoV-2 variants and, being a major component of the anti-COVID-19 formulation “GamCoviMab”, had successfully passed Phase I of clinical trials. However, after the emergence of the Delta and XBB variants, a decrease in the neutralizing activity of this nanobody was observed. Here we report on the successful crystal structure determination of the RBD:P2C5 complex at 3.1 Å, which revealed the intricate protein–protein interface, sterically occluding full ACE2 receptor binding by the P2C5-neutralized RBD. Moreover, the structure revealed the developed RBD:P2C5 interface centered around residues Leu452 and Phe490, thereby explaining the evasion of the Delta or Omicron XBB, but not Omicron B.1.1.529 variant, as a result of the single L452R or F490S mutations, respectively, from the action of P2C5. The structure obtained is expected to foster nanobody engineering in order to rescue neutralization activity and will facilitate epitope mapping for other neutralizing nanobodies by competition assays.
Unmet medical needs and influencing factors among Korean police officers: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Lee Hyo Young , Im Hyuk , Kyu Min Kim 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesSouth Korea grapples with a disproportionately high incidence of unmet medical needs, a concern that is particularly acute among police officers, who are exposed to significant occupational risks. Given the pivotal role of police officers in upholding democratic values and public safety, their well-being holds critical societal implications. This study aims to determine the incidence of unmet medical needs among police officers and identify the influencing factors.DesignThis is a retrospective and cross-sectional study. Applying the Andersen behavioural model and multiple logistic regression analysis, we explored factors impacting unmet medical needs.SettingThe study took place in South Korea and involved its total force of police officers.ParticipantsOur analysis encompassed data from 6591 participants, representing 5.2% of South Korea’s total police officers.Outcome measuresUnmet medical needs.ResultsOur findings revealed several influencing factors. First, predisposing factors included sex, with women experiencing a higher incidence of unmet medical needs. Second, enabling factors highlighted the significance of job positions and reduced annual leave guarantees in influencing unmet medical needs. Finally, need factors demonstrated the substantial impact of chronic diseases, heightened levels of depression, reduced subjective health assessments, increased stress levels and exposure to rough physical activity on driving unmet medical needs.ConclusionsTo mitigate and pre-empt the long-term health repercussions associated with unmet medical needs, intervention strategies should prioritise these identified factors. An integrated healthcare programme emerges as a critical necessity for addressing the healthcare challenges faced by police officers.