bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery of soil bulk density, porosity and rutting from ground skidding over a 20-year period after timber harvesting in Iran
Authors: Ezzati Sattar , Najafi Akbar , Rab M. , Zenner Eric 
Published: March 2014

Ground-based skidding can have detrimental effects on soil properties trough soil profile disturbance and compaction that can persist for decades. We investigated the recovery of physical properties of disturbed brown soils on four abandoned downhill skid trails in a deciduous mountain forest in northern Iran. The most recent skidding operations had taken place 1â5Â yrs, 6â10 yrs, 11â15 yrs, and 16â20 yrs ago, providing a 20-year chronosequence with four 5-year recovery periods. For each recovery period, mean values for soil bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), macroporosity (MP), soil moisture content (SM), and rut depth (RD) were assessed for three levels of traffic intensity (Primary (PS), Secondary (SS) and Tertiary (TS) skid trails) and two levels of slope gradients (Gentle (G) and Steep (S)) and compared to those in undisturbed (control) areas. Over the 20-year recovery period, PS trails on gentle slopes exhibited mean values that were 35â42% (BD), 3â7% (SM), and 13â19 cm (RD) greater and 18â24% (TP) and 19â28% (MP) lower compared to undisturbed areas; on steep PS trails, values were 40â46% (BD), 2â13% (SM), and 13â21 cm (RD) greater and 23â27% (TP) and 28â35% (MP) lower, respectively. While RD and SM recovered, 20 years was not long enough for the other physical soil properties, particularly on steep slopes. To minimize soil disturbance, skidding should be confined to areas with gentle slopes and alternative harvesting methods such as cable yarding should be used where slope gradients exceed 20%.
Biomechanisch sichere Geschwindigkeitsregelung für die Mensch-Roboter Interaktion
Authors: Haddadin Sami , Haddadin Simon , Khoury Augusto , Rokahr Tim , Parusel Sven , Burgkart Rainer , Bicchi Antonio , Albu-Schäffer Alin 
Published: March 2014

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel befassen wir uns mit dem Problem eine für den Menschen sichere Robotergeschwindigkeit zu erzeugen. Hierfür untersuchen wir die Relation zwischen Kollisionsmasse, -geschwindigkeit und -geometrie, sowie der damit verbundenen Verletzung im medizinischen Sinne. Diese Einsichten werden derart repräsentiert, dass ein biomechanisch sicherer Geschwindigkeitsregler abgeleitet werden kann. Hierfür wertet der Algorithmus die reflektierte Trägheit, Geschwindigkeit und Oberflächengeometrie an möglichen Kollisionspunkten entlang der Roboterstruktur in Echtzeit aus.
Self-sensing-Aktoren am Beispiel eines piezoelektrischen Einspritzventils mit sensorischen Fähigkeiten
Authors: Zöls Wolfgang , Bachmaier Georg , Gerlich Matthias , Antritter Felix , Hillermeier Claus 
Published: March 2014

Zusammenfassung
Piezoelektrische Einspritzventile werden im Automobilbereich
bisher als reine Aktoren verwendet, obwohl die darin enthaltenen
Piezoaktoren als sogenannte Self-sensing-Aktoren in der Lage sind,
auch sensorische Aufgaben zu übernehmen. Dadurch könnten
verbrennungsspezifische Größen bestimmt werden, ohne die Kosten-
und Bauraumanforderungen wesentlich zu erhöhen. Im folgenden
Artikel wird ein piezoelektrisches Einspritzventil mit
sensorischen Fähigkeiten vorgestellt. Es wird gezeigt, dass dieses
Bauteil die Überwachung des Zylinderdrucks erlaubt.
Single and Multi-Channel Reactor for Oxidative Coupling of Methane
Authors: Raouf Fereshteh , Taghizadeh Majid , Yousefi Mohammad 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Management of the produced heat has been one of the challenges encountered in the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) process. In this study, the influence of the thermal conductive tubular reactor on the total productivity and selectivity of OCM was investigated. The reactors were made from three different metal compounds: two stainless steel tubes and one gold-coated copper tube, and their impact on the operating conditions was compared. 5% Li/MgO was prepared as a catalyst for OCM and characterized by XRD, CO2-TPD, FTIR, and BET. In addition, the effect of reactor geometry on the oxidative coupling process was investigated experimentally in the single channel and multi-channel reactors with different hydraulic diameters.
Urinary neopterin concentrations during radiotherapy for gynecological cancer
Authors: Trivedi Sachin Vipin , Melichar Bohuslav , Majirský Martin , Veselý Pavel , Kalábová Hana , Študentová Hana , Krčmová Lenka Kujovská , Solichová Dagmar , Doležel Martin 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Neopterin is a biomarker of host response to neoplasia. In the present study, urinary neopterin was determined during the course of (chemo)radiation in ten patients with gynecological tumors (nine patients with cervical carcinoma and one patient with carcinoma of the vulva). Baseline urinary neopterin concentrations were, generally, above the normal range. Neopterin concentrations were relatively stable during the first 5 weeks of combined (chemo)radiation. Marked peaks of neopterin concentrations reflected the emergence of complications. Neopterin could represent a useful biomarker for the assessment of the condition of the patients during this aggressive therapy.
Complete duality for quasiconvex dynamic risk measures on modules of the L

p
-type
Authors: Frittelli Marco , Maggis Marco 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In the conditional setting we provide a complete duality between
quasiconvex risk measures defined on L
0 modules of the L

p
type and
the appropriate class of dual functions. This is based on a general result
which extends the usual Penot-Volle representation for quasiconvex real
valued maps.
Spatial risk measures and their local specification: The locally law-invariant case
Authors: Föllmer Hans 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We consider convex risk measures in a spatial setting, where the
outcome of a financial position depends on the states at different nodes of
a network. In analogy to the theory of Gibbs measures in Statistical
Mechanics, we discuss the local specification of a global risk measure in
terms of conditional local risk measures for the single nodes of the
network, given their environment. Under a condition of local law
invariance, we show that a consistent local specification must be of
entropic form. Even in that case, a global risk measure may not be uniquely
determined by the local specification, and this can be seen as a source of
“systemic risk”, in analogy to the appearance of phase transitions in the
theory of Gibbs measures
Validation of the CRASH model in the prediction of 18-month mortality and unfavorable outcome in severe traumatic brain injury requiring decompressive craniectomy
Authors: Honeybul Stephen , Ho Kwok M. , Lind Christopher R. P. , Gillett Grant R. 
Published: March 2014

Object
The goal in this study was to assess the validity of the corticosteroid randomization after significant head injury (CRASH) collaborators prediction model in predicting mortality and unfavorable outcome at 18 months in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) requiring decompressive craniectomy. In addition, the authors aimed to assess whether this model was well calibrated in predicting outcome across a wide spectrum of severity of TBI requiring decompressive craniectomy.

Methods
This prospective observational cohort study included all patients who underwent a decompressive craniectomy following severe TBI at the two major trauma hospitals in Western Australia between 2004 and 2012 and for whom 18-month follow-up data were available. Clinical and radiological data on initial presentation were entered into the Web-based model and the predicted outcome was compared with the observed outcome. In validating the CRASH model, the authors used area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to assess the ability of the CRASH model to differentiate between favorable and unfavorable outcomes.

Results
The ability of the CRASH 6-month unfavorable prediction model to differentiate between unfavorable and favorable outcomes at 18 months after decompressive craniectomy was good (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.85, 95% CI 0.80–0.90). However, the model's calibration was not perfect. The slope and the intercept of the calibration curve were 1.66 (SE 0.21) and −1.11 (SE 0.14), respectively, suggesting that the predicted risks of unfavorable outcomes were not sufficiently extreme or different across different risk strata and were systematically too high (or overly pessimistic), respectively.

Conclusions
The CRASH collaborators prediction model can be used as a surrogate index of injury severity to stratify patients according to injury severity. However, clinical decisions should not be based solely on the predicted risks derived from the model, because the number of patients in each predicted risk stratum was still relatively small and hence the results were relatively imprecise. Notwithstanding these limitations, the model may add to a clinician's ability to have better-informed conversations with colleagues and patients' relatives about prognosis.
Induction of intervertebral disc cell apoptosis and degeneration by chronic unpredictable stress
Authors: Kermani Hamed Reihani , Hoboubati Hamid , Esmaeili-Mahani Saeed , Asadi-Shekaari Majid 
Published: March 2014

ObjectThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic unpredictable stress on the intervertebral discs of rats.MethodsThe cellular events involved in injury- and stress-induced disc degeneration were investigated in male Wistar rats. Disc degeneration and apoptosis were evaluated using microscopic (light and electron) and molecular (immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry) methods. Corticosterone levels were used as markers of stress and measured by radioimmunoassay.ResultsThe data gathered in this study showed that chronic unpredictable stress can significantly increase corticosterone levels. Furthermore, biochemical markers of apoptosis (that is, increases in the Bax/Bcl2 ratio and TUNEL reactivity [p < 0.05]) were observed in the stressed animals. Electron and light microscopy also showed disc degeneration and apoptotic cells in the experimental groups.ConclusionsTaken together, these data demonstrated that chronic stress is most likely to be a risk factor for creating intervertebral disc degeneration and that programmed cell death may be one of the mechanisms of stress-induced disc degeneration.
Aux sources de l'écologisme anarchiste : Louis Rimbault et les communautés végétaliennes en France dans la première moitié du XX e siècle
Authors: Baubérot Arnaud 
Published: March 2014

Malgré son apparente évidence, l’engagement de l’anarchisme français en faveur de l’écologie politique est un phénomène très récent. On sait toutefois que, dès le début du XX e siècle, une partie des militants libertaires se sont montrés sensibles aux thèses élaborées par les médecins naturistes et qu’ils ont présenté le retour à la nature comme une étape nécessaire à la régénération des individus et de la société. On peut alors se demander si les positions de ces anarchistes naturistes ne constituent pas l’une des sources de l’écologisme libertaire contemporain, et si leurs réalisations ont permis ou non de jeter les bases d’un projet d’organisation sociale fondé sur le respect du milieu naturel et le refus de sa domination. L’article tente d’éclairer cette question en étudiant le cas particulier de Louis Rimbault et de ses diverses expériences de vie dans des communautés libertaires, jusqu’à son décès en 1949. La Cité végétalienne Terre libérée, qu’il fonda près de Tours en 1923, et les positions qu’il a défendues dans ses écrits permettent de voir en lui, sinon un précurseur, du moins un homme à l’avant-garde de l’écologisme anarchiste.
Les facteurs structurels favorisant l'appropriation d'un ERP : le cas de SAP dans une industrie pétrochimique
Authors: Ait-Taleb Nabil 
Published: March 2014

L’objet de cet article est de proposer un design de recherche relatif à la question de l’identification des facteurs qui font obstacle à l’appropriation d’un ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning). Notre travail s’appuie sur le courant structurationniste (Orlikowski) qui fait référence aux travaux de Giddens, lequel vise à comprendre la relation d’interaction entre l’acteur et la technologie dans un cadre organisationnel. A partir d’une méthodologie mixte, il s’agit d’investir les difficultés que rencontrent les usagers dans leur processus d’appropriation de l’outil ERP implanté depuis plusieurs années, dans une industrie pétrochimique. Nous proposons de poser comme obstacle à ce processus d’appropriation l’interdépendance entre des facteurs structurels tels que : les connaissances antérieures, les représentations, la communication, la formation, le document utilisateur, l’assistance utilisateur, le contexte organisationnel. Dans le but de remédier aux insuffisances liées à l’utilisation d’un ERP, nous considérons qu’il est nécessaire que les managers en Systèmes d’Information (SI) prennent en compte l’interdépendance entre les facteurs d’influence afin de réussir les actions correctives et d’améliorer l’appropriation de l’ERP par les utilisateurs.
Libéralisme, socialisme et État providence
Authors: Servant Régis 
Published: March 2014

Selon certains commentateurs, puisque Hayek souligne les vertus de l’évolution culturelle, il devrait déclarer efficaces toutes ses manifestations, même quand elles ne sont pas libérales. Nous montrons que ce jugement est erroné et que, en s’opposant à la planification socialiste et à l’État providence, Hayek ne fait pas preuve d’incohérence. D’une part, sa théorie de l’évolution culturelle décrit les origines historiques présumées de notre civilisation actuelle et en conclut qu’une fois qu’elles ont adopté l’économie de libre marché, les sociétés humaines doivent préserver cette éthique libérale. Il en est ainsi parce que le retour à un mode d’organisation centralisé provoquerait, selon Hayek, l’appauvrissement, ou la disparition, d’une grande partie de la population. D’autre part, nous montrons que l’évolution culturelle, dans l’œuvre de Hayek, désigne également un idéal normatif : l’évolution doit être elle-même libérale. Hayek s’oppose logiquement à la planification socialiste et à l’État providence qui, selon lui, entravent le développement des civilisations.
Treatment of Stable Patients with Penetrating Chest Trauma Caused by Stab Wounds: Three vs six Hours Follow-up
Authors: Facundo Gimar Helena , Martinez Stella Isabel , Carvajal Carlos 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Background
Treatment of stable patients with penetrating chest trauma caused by stab wounds is based on clinical observation and radiological follow-up. Classically, X-rays have been used at patient admittance and 6 hours after to detect hemothorax and pneumothorax not detected initially. Nevertheless, previous studies have explored the possibility of reducing follow-up time to 3 hours. This study compares 3 hours and 6 hours radiological follow-up to test the hypothesis that 3 hours follow-up is as safe interval than 6 hours for definitive management of stable patients with stab wounds in the chest.

Materials and methods
This is a prospective study conducted for 7 months from August 2010 through March 2011. Of the 162 eligible patients, 146 completed the protocol. Upon hospital admission all patients were clinically examined and evaluated with chest X-rays. Three hours and 6 hours follow-up X-rays after the trauma, in the Emergency Department, were taken of all patients radiologically assessed at admittance. We excluded patients with associated injuries requiring surgical intervention and we compared the findings of the two follow-up intervals.

Results
There were 225 stab wounds in the 146 patients evaluated. Average age was 29 years. One hundred and thirty-one patients had normal X-rays at admittance that did not change after 3 hours or 6 hours follow-ups. Fifteen patients presented hemothorax or pneumothorax in follow-up X-rays, 14 of them presented evident change in 3 hours X-ray follow-up. The only patient, whose lesion was evident in the 6 hours follow-up X-ray, but not the 3 hours follow-up X-ray, had a small asymptomatic pneumothorax, which did not require thoracic drainage.

Conclusion
No patients of 146 evaluated in our study developed traumatic pleuropulmonary injuries after 3 hours of follow-up that required pleural drainage or other intervention. Our results suggest that shortening the follow-up time from 6 to 3 hours for stable patients with chest stab wounds is safe, cost-effective and can help decongest emergency services.

Level of evidence
Therapeutic/care management study, level II.

How to cite this article
Facundo GH, Martinez SI, Carvajal C. Treatment of Stable Patients with Penetrating Chest Trauma Caused by Stab Wounds: Three vs six Hours Follow-up. J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2013;2(3):101-105.
A Survey about Surgical Preferences in Operative Technique in Decompressive Craniectomy in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Rubiano Andres M , Alvis-Miranda Hernando Raphael , Alcalá-Cerra Gabriel , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTTraumatic brain injury is a public health problem. The control of intracranial hypertension is a key strategy for managing this type of patients. Decompressive craniectomy is a measure of second level for the control of intracranial hypertension refractory to medical management. In order to assess trends in relationship to the management of decompressive craniectomy, a survey was designed and sent to neurosurgeons from various countries. We discuss the results for a better standardization of surgical techinique. Decompressive craniectomy is a saving technique and usefulness depend on a correct realization of the neurosurgical procedure.How to cite this articleAlvis-Miranda HR, Alcala-Cerra G, Rubiano AM, Moscote-Salazar LR. A Survey about Surgical Preferences in Operative Technique in Decompressive Craniectomy in Traumatic Brain Injury. J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2013;2(3):106-111.
Steroid‐eluting sinus implant for in‐office treatment of recurrent nasal polyposis: a prospective, multicenter study
Authors: Lavigne François , Miller Steven K. , Gould Andrew R. , Lanier Brent J. , Romett J. Lewis 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundTreatment options for chronic rhinosinusitis with recurrent polyposis (CRSwNP) after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) are limited, and include frequent use of systemic steroids and revision surgery. A bioabsorbable, steroid‐eluting implant was studied for its ability to dilate sinuses obstructed by polyps and provide localized, controlled steroid delivery to reestablish sinus patency. This study assessed the initial feasibility, safety, and efficacy of steroid‐eluting implants placed in the office setting in patients who were candidates for revision ESS.MethodsProspective, multicenter study enrolling 12 patients who had prior ESS but experienced recurrent polyposis refractory to medical therapy. Implants were placed bilaterally under topical anesthesia in‐office. Follow‐up through 6 months included endoscopic grading, patient‐reported outcomes (22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcomes Test [SNOT‐22]) and need for revision ESS.ResultsImplants were successfully inserted in 21 of 24 (88%) ethmoid sinuses, resulting in 11 evaluable patients. No serious adverse events occurred. Within 1 month, mean bilateral polyp grade was reduced from 4.5 at baseline to 2.3 (p = 0.008) and sustained through 6 months (2.33; p = 0.008). Mean SNOT‐22 score was significantly improved from 2.19 at baseline to 0.90 within 1 month (p = 0.001) and sustained to 6 months (1.03; p = 0.012). Sixty‐four percent of patients were no longer revision ESS candidates at 6 months.ConclusionThe study provided initial clinical evidence of the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of in‐office steroid‐eluting implant placement in CRS patients with recurrent polyposis after ESS. Although further studies are needed, the results suggest this therapy may provide a safe and effective, office‐based option for the treatment of obstructive polyposis.
Formation and Thermal Stability of Gold–Silica Nanohybrids: Insight into the Mechanism and Morphology by Electron Tomography
Authors: Kundu Paromita , Heidari Hamed , Bals Sara , Ravishankar N. , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGold–silica hybrids are appealing in different fields of applications like catalysis, sensorics, drug delivery, and biotechnology. In most cases, the morphology and distribution of the heterounits play significant roles in their functional behavior. Methods of synthesizing these hybrids, with variable ordering of the heterounits, are replete; however, a complete characterization in three dimensions could not be achieved yet. A simple route to the synthesis of Au‐decorated SiO2 spheres is demonstrated and a study on the 3D ordering of the heterounits by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography is presented—at the final stage, intermediate stages of formation, and after heating the hybrid. The final hybrid evolves from a soft self‐assembled structure of Au nanoparticles. The hybrid shows good thermal stability up to 400 °C, beyond which the Au particles start migrating inside the SiO2 matrix. This study provides an insight in the formation mechanism and thermal stability of the structures which are crucial factors for designing and applying such hybrids in fields of catalysis and biotechnology. As the method is general, it can be applied to make similar hybrids based on SiO2 by tuning the reaction chemistry as needed.
Switching Demethylation Activities between AlkB Family RNA/DNA Demethylases through Exchange of Active‐Site Residues
Authors: Zhu Chenxu , Yi Chengqi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe AlkB family demethylases AlkB, FTO, and ALKBH5 recognize differentially methylated RNA/DNA substrates, which results in their distinct biological roles. Here we identify key active‐site residues that contribute to their substrate specificity. Swapping such active‐site residues between the demethylases leads to partially switched demethylation activities. Combined evidence from X‐ray structures and enzyme kinetics suggests a role of the active‐site residues in substrate recognition. Such a divergent active‐site sequence may aid the design of selective inhibitors that can discriminate these homologue RNA/DNA demethylases.
Direct UV‐Induced Functionalization of Surface Hydroxy Groups by Thiol–Ol Chemistry
Authors: Li Linxian , Li Junsheng , Du Xin , Welle Alexander , Grunze Michael , Trapp Oliver , Levkin Pavel A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA novel UV‐initiated surface modification method for the direct functionalization of surface hydroxy groups with thiol‐containing molecules (termed “thiol–ol” modification) is described. This method is based on the oxidative conjugation of thiols to hydroxy groups. We demonstrate that different thiol‐containing molecules, such as fluorophores, thiol‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG‐SH), and a cysteine‐containing peptide, can be attached onto the surface of porous poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate). Direct functionalization of other hydroxy‐group‐bearing surfaces, fabrication of micropatterns, and double patterning have been also demonstrated using the thiol–ol method.