bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UK medical tourists in Thailand: they are not who you think they are
Authors: Noree Thinakorn , Hanefeld Johanna , Smith Richard 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Travel for medical treatment is an aspect of globalization and health that is comparatively less understood. Little is known about volume, characteristic and motivation of medical tourists, limiting understanding of effects on health systems and patients. Thailand is amongst a handful of countries that have positioned themselves as medical tourism destination. This paper examines in unprecedented detail volume and characteristics of medical tourists who travel from the UK to Thailand for treatment.

Methods
As part of a wider medical tourism study, authors gained access to over 4000 patient records from the five largest private hospitals in Thailand. These included information on country of origin, gender, age, arrival month, hospitalization, diagnosis, procedures, length of stay, medical expenditure and type of payment. Patient records were analysed to understand who travels and findings were triangulated with data from the UK International Passenger Survey (IPS).

Results
104,830 medical tourists visited these hospitals in Thailand in 2010. While patients originate all over the world, UK medical tourists represent the largest group amongst Europeans. The majority UK medical tourists (60%) have comparatively small, elective procedures, costing less than USD 500. A significant minority of patients travel for more serious orthopedic and cardiothoracic procedures. Data of individual patient records from Thailand shows a higher number of UK patients traveled to Thailand than indicated by the IPS.

Conclusions
Thailand is attracting a large number of medical tourists including larger numbers of UK patients than previously estimated. However, as many patients travel for comparatively minor procedures treatment may not be their primary motivation for travel. The small but significant proportion of older UK residents traveling for complex procedures may point to challenges within the NHS.
Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow meningitis in a young man in Italy: a case report
Authors: Lombardi Daniela , Malaspina Silvana , Strippoli Angela , Lucarelli Claudia , Luzzi Ida , Ripabelli Giancarlo 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Introduction

Salmonella enterica is a leading cause of foodborne infections worldwide and includes more than 2500 different serovars, causing primarily gastroenteritis. However, the infection may occur elsewhere and produce characteristic clinical syndromes. Meningitis is a rare complication that occurs in less than 1% of clinical salmonellosis.

Case presentation
We describe a case of Salmonella Virchow meningitis in a 36-year-old Caucasian man presenting with headache in the occipital region, associated fever, nausea and vomiting, dyspnea and ambulatory difficulty. The cerebrospinal fluid culture showed growth of Salmonella, later confirmed to be Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow.

Conclusions

Salmonella Virchow infection is rare and this report highlights the risk of meningitis as a presentation of salmonellosis. To the best of our knowledge this is the first Italian case of meningitis due to Salmonella Virchow in a young adult. The probable route of transmission remains unclear and a long carriage state after a previous episode of gastroenteritis should be considered.
The Bangla clubfoot tool: a repeatability study
Authors: Evans Angela Margaret , Perveen Roksana , Ford‐Powell Vikki A , Barker Simon 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground‘Walk for Life’ (WFL) is the sustainable clubfoot program in Bangladesh, where there are many challenges in implementing the Ponseti technique in a poor and highly populated country. The relapsing tendency of congenital clubfoot deformity means that initial results may well differ from those of the medium and longer term. Over 10000 children with16668 clubfeet have been treated by WFL since its inception in 2009. Such a large project provides both the need to evaluate each individual child's case, and also the opportunity to evaluate the wider WFL program results. Such systematic review requires a measure that is sufficiently robust, yet contextually practical, hence the aim of this work was to develop a tool for this purpose, and to report the examiner reliability.MethodsThe Bangla clubfoot tool was largely developed from components of existing validated clubfoot assessment measures, and adapted for local use. Three areas of examination are included: parent satisfaction, gait, clinical examination of the clubfoot. A same‐subject repeated measures study design was used to assess the intra‐rater reliability of a local WFL physiotherapist, and a visiting WFL volunteer. The inter‐rater reliability was also assessed, which is relevant for other examiners and other clubfoot projects undertaking evaluation of medium and longer term results.ResultsThe reliability study was conducted in 37 children who had commenced treatment for congenital clubfoot deformity using Ponseti method within the previous two years. The mean age of the children was 2.6 years, with gender 28 male: 9 female. The intra‐rater reliability results [ICCs (95% CI)] were: 0.87 (0.76 – 0.93) for the local WFL examiner, and 0.82 (0.64 – 0.91) for the visiting examiner. Inter‐rater reliability results [ICCs (95% CI)] were: 0.92 (0.88 – 0.96). Hence the tool showed very good intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability, rendering it suitable for use.ConclusionsThe Bangla clubfoot tool has been developed to suit the context of the large WFL clubfoot program in Bangladesh, and shown to be a very reliable evaluation instrument.
Sequestration of CO2 by halotolerant algae
Authors: Ramkrishnan Udhaya , Bruno Benedict , Swaminathan Sandhya 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The potential of halotolerant algae isolated from natural resources was used to study CO2 fixation and algal lipid production. Biological fixation of CO2 in photobioreactor in presence of salinity is exploited. The CO2 concentration 1060 ppm gave the highest biomass yield (700 mg dry wt/l), the highest total lipid content (10.33%) with 80% of CO2 removal.
Listas do Desassossego
Authors: Sepúlveda Pedro 
Published: May 2014

O espólio de Fernando Pessoa alberga inúmeros papéis que não chegaram a ser integrados em livros, mas que na maioria dos casos foram concebidos com esse propósito. É o que acontece no caso do Livro do Desassossego, onde uma aparente desordem dos materiais legados contrasta com uma persistente ideia estruturante de livro. Para além dos textos concebidos explicitamente como parte integrante do mesmo, numerosas listas editoriais testemunham a presença de uma ideia de edição constantemente modificada e adiada. Estas listas, entre as quais importa distinguir listas de projetos editoriais e planos de estruturação do livro, não só possuem um propósito prático, como lhe conferem um sentido e uma posição no conjunto da obra. Através da análise deste corpus procurar-se-á traçar a história deste planeamento e mostrar o modo como a conceção do Livro dele depende.AbstractFernando Pessoa’s Archive houses innumerous papers that were never integrated in books, but were in most cases conceived with this purpose. This is also the case of the Book of Disquiet, where an apparent disorder of the materials left by the poet contrasts with a persistent structuring idea of book. Beyond the texts explicitly conceived as part of the book, several editorial lists show the presence of an idea of edition constantly changed and delayed. These lists, among which one should distinguish between lists of editorial projects and structuring plans of the book, not only follow a practical purpose, but also give a meaning and a position to it within the work as a whole. The analysis of this corpus allows for the charting of the history of this planning, showing how the conception of the Book depends on it. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_1-1_2
Mediações Dilaceradas: Linguagem e Experiência no Pensamento de Theodor Adorno
Authors: Brito Matheus De 
Published: May 2014

Este artigo apresenta e particulariza o conceito de “mediação” como empregue por Adorno ao longo de sua obra filosófica e crítica. Desenvolvendo a discussão a partir do problema da cultura na sociedade contemporânea, retomam-se considerações do filósofo sobre o dilaceramento da linguagem entre o aspecto social da comunicação e uma noção enfática (e dialética) de verdade. Neste quadro, em que se privilegia o tópico da “não-identidade” da Arte, discute-se também a correlação entre a literatura e a possibilidade de, tomando como modelo a atenção à “dignidade estética das pala-vras”, superar aquele dilaceramento no sentido da comunicação da diferencialidade.AbstractThis article focuses on the concept of "mediation" as used by Adorno throughout his philosophical and critical work. Starting with his discussion about culture in contemporary society, the paper examines his reflections on language as a process lacerated between the social aspect of communication and an emphatic (and dialectic) notion of truth. In a dialectical framework that privileges the motif of the "non-identity" of Art, I discuss the relationship between literature – as the model for the "aesthetic dignity of words" – and the possibility of overcoming that laceration in the sense of communicating differentiality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_1-1_9
Crystal-Quasichemical Analysis of Defect Subsystem of Doped PbTe: Sb Crystals and Pb-Sb-Te Solid Solutions
Authors: Freik D.M. , Turovska L.V. 
Published: May 2014

Within crystalquasichemical formalism models of point defects of crystals in the Pb-Sb-Te system were specified. Based on proposed crystalquasichemical formulae of antimony doped crystals PbTe:Sb amphoteric dopant effect was explained. Mechanisms of solid solution formation for РbТе-Sb2Те3: replacement of antimony ions lead sites with the formation of cation vacancies (I) or neutral interstitial tellurium atoms (II) were examined. Dominant point defects in doped crystals PbTe:Sb and РbТе-Sb2Те3 solid solutions based on p-PbTe were defined. Dependences of concentration of dominant point defects, current carriers and Hall concentration on content of dopant compound and the initial deviation from stoichiometry in the basic matrix were calculated.
Spinless relativistic particle in energy-dependent potential and normalization of the wave function
Authors: Benchikha Amar , Chetouani Lyazid 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The problem of normalization related to a Klein-Gordon particle subjected to vector plus scalar energy-dependent potentials is clarified in the context of the path integral approach. In addition the correction relating to the normalizing constant of wave functions is exactly determined. As examples, the energy dependent linear and Coulomb potentials are considered. The wave functions obtained via spectral decomposition, were found exactly normalized.
Bistability of Feshbach resonance in optical cavity
Authors: Xu Xiao-Qiang , Li You-Quan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We consider Feshbach resonance in an optical cavity where photons interact with atoms and molecules dispersively. From mean-field theory we obtain multiple fixed-point solutions, which is strongly related to the phenomenon of bistability. Adiabatic evolutions demonstrate hysteretic behaviors by varying pump-cavity detuning from opposite directions. We also use the quantum model to check mean-field results which match perfectly. The analysis here may enrich the study of particle-photon interaction systems.
Two new frameworks for biphenyl-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarboxylic acid and nitrogen-containing organics
Authors: Zhao Wen-Jie , Tan Jin-Ting , Li Xia , Lu Ying-Li , Feng Xing , Yang Xu-Wu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTwo complexes, {Zn(bptc)0.5(bib)}n (I) and {Mn2(bptc)(pip)(H2O)}n (II) (H4bptc = biphenyl-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarboxylic acid; bib = 1,4-bis(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)butane; pip = 2-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR, TGA and solid fluorescence spectra. The results show that I and II both have 3D network architectures. I has porous architecture with a 162 topology structure. Effective porosity calculated by Platon is 5.5 %. Moreover, it has a two-fold interpenetrating structure allowed by a 70.73° torsion between the benzene rings of the bptc4− ligand and the flexibility of bib. II has a tetranuclear structure composed of binuclear architecture units with the torsion of 43.44° between the benzene rings of the bptc4− ligand. TGA shows that the skeletons of I and II are stable up to 372°C and 553°C, respectively. I exhibits fluorescence.
Study of Supracondylar Fracture of Distal Humerus in Children and Its Management with Lateral K-Wire Fixation
Authors: Sapkota K , Shrestha B 
Published: May 2014

Background: Supracondylar fracture is one of the common fractures in children. There are different methods of treatment. This study was undertaken to evaluate the results of lateral k wire fixation for the displaced supracondylar fracture of distal humerus in children. Methods: There were 32 children with displaced Supracondylar fracture, treated with closed reduction and percutaneous lateral K-wires fixation. Clinical and radiological assessments were done and outcomes were assessed on basis of Flynn criteria and data were analyzed in SPSS 16. P value <0.05 was considered significant. Result: The mean age of patients was 6.41 ± 2.37 with boys predominant. There were excellent result of 24(75%) good result 5(15%) regarding carrying angle and regarding range of motion 25 (78%) excellent and4(12%) good result. There were more than 90% patients with excellent to good result. Comparing the Baumann’s angle intra-operatively and at the final follow up, there was no statistically significant difference with P value > 0.05. Conclusion: Lateral pinning with 2 and if necessary 3 k wires for proper stabilization and idea configuration of divergent to hold medial and lateral column is the ideal treatment of supracondylar fracture without risk of iatrogenic nerve injury. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 03 | Number 01 | January-June 2014 | Page 38-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v3i1.10356
Prevalence and complications of Hypothyroidism during pregnancy in western Nepal
Authors: Upadhyaya TL , KC A , Paudel S 
Published: May 2014

Background: This study was designed to know the prevalence of hypothyroidism during pregnancy in western part of Nepal and its potential complications. Methods: One Hundred seven pregnant cases from Gandaki Medical college teaching hospital and Diabetes thyroid and Endocrinology care center, two of the tertiary care centers in Pokhara were enrolled in the study from the year 2011 January to 2012 December. Detailed history and physical examination was done. Thyroid Function test (FT3, FT4 andTSH) were performed after the confirmation of pregnancy. Patients were followed up during entire pregnancy. Seven patients dropped out from the study. Results: Out of 107 patients 56 patients had TSH below 6 mIU/L,31patients had TSH between 6mIU/L - 10 mIU/L and 13 patients had TSH more than 10 mIU/L. Seven patients dropped out from the study. There was1 miscarriage, 1 still birth from hypothyroid mother and 11 hypothyroid and subclinical hypothyroid mothers had preterm delivery. Conclusion: Prevalence of overt hypothyroidism is around 13% and subclinical hypothyroidism is around 31% in pregnant ladies in western Nepal. Also complications like stillbirth should be prevented by detecting and treating hypothyroidism early. So we recommend all patients with pregnancy to perform thyroid function test at the start of pregnancy. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 03 | Number 01 | January-June 2014 | Page 48-50 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v3i1.10358
Histomorphometric Changes of Pancreatic Islets with Advancing Age – A Postmortem Study in A Bangladeshi Male Population
Authors: Shahriah S , Nurunnabi ASM , Begum GN , Kabir R 
Published: May 2014

Background: We proposed this study to see the difference in number and diameter of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas with increasing age in Bangladeshi males, as male population is more prone to diabetes mellitus than female. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from August 2005 to December 2006, based on collection of 75 postmortem male human pancreas. The collected samples were divided into seven age groups: A (10-19 years), B (20-29 years), C (30-39 years), D (40-49years), E (50-59 years), F (60-69 years) and G (≥70 years). In histological slides, number of islets of Langerhans was measured by point counting technique per unit area of microscopic field and diameter by using ocular and stage micrometer. Results: The number of islets per unit area of the head of the pancreas were 1.40±0.55, 1.80±0.45, 1.40±0.55, 1.00±0.00, 1.80±0.45, 1.00±0.00and 1.20±0.45; in the body 1.20±0.45, 2.40±0.45, 2.00±0.00, 2.50±0.55,2.40±8.90, 2.20±0.45 and 2.00±0.00; in the tail region 2.40±0.55,3.00±1.22, 2.40±1.34, 2.80±0.84, 3.00±1.22, 2.80±0.84 and 3.20±0.45 in group A, B, C, D, E, F and G respectively. The diameter of pancreatic islets were found 82.64±0.73μm, 96.32±0.91μm, 108.52±8.76μm,135.20±8.38μm, 134.36±4.46μm, 102.40±0.89μm and 97.20±2.00μm in group A, B, C, D, E, F and G respectively. Conclusion: The number of the islets was much higher in tail than that of other regions. However, the diameter of the islets was found to increase up to 49 years and later decreased. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 03 | Number 01 | January-June 2014 | Page 63-37 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v3i1.10361
Offre de travail et santé en France
Authors: Wolff François-Charles , Tessier Philippe 
Published: May 2014

Labour Supply and Health Standards in France.
This paper proposes an econometric analysis giving information regarding possible interactions between labour and health in France based on the “ Emploi du temps ” (time use) survey. Using two measures of health, one objective and the other subjective, the estimation of models consisting of simultaneous discrete-choice equations reveal that the fact of being in poor health substantially reduces the probability of participating in the labour market, whereas the fact of being in work has no particular influence on state of health. The construction of suitable statistical sources, notably longitudinal data, would make it possible to go further in examining the links between labour and health.
Financement des politiques du marché du travail et protection de l'emploi
Authors: L'Haridon Olivier 
Published: May 2014

Labour Market Policies Budget and Job Protection.
This article focuses on the links between the form of employment protection and two elements of the labour market policies budget : unemployment benefits and hiring subsidies. We study the complementarities of such policies in a standard matching model of employment. In our model two types of employment protection reforms are investigated : a reform of the existing job protection policies in Europe (regulatory costs of lay-offs ) and the introduction of a US-style “ experience rating scheme ”. Our simulations show that the design of job protection is a crucial parameter in determining the effect of these policies on unemployment and interacts strongly with the unemployment benefit financing policy. The results suggest that the complementarities between job protection and unemployment benefit policies depend heavily on the precise form of the employment protection.
Que peut le Parlement européen ?
Authors: Costa Olivier 
Published: May 2014

La revalorisation constante des pouvoirs du Parlement européen est l’un des traits les plus marquants de l’évolution du système institutionnel de l’Union depuis les origines. C’est aujourd’hui une assemblée puissante et surtout très indépendante, capable d’influer réellement sur la production normative et de contrôler effectivement la Commission. Toutefois, l’évaluation de l’influence du Parlement se heurte au développement de pratiques telles que les « trilogues », qui favorisent une généralisation des accords précoces en matière législative et occultent les rapports de forces entre les institutions.
EFECTO DE LA DENSIDAD DE PLANTACIÓN EN LA RENTABILIDAD DE PLANTACIONES DE Eucalyptus globulus
Authors: Guerra-Bugueño Emilio , Célis-Mosqueira Fabián , Moreno-García Norman 
Published: May 2014

El estudio evaluó, económicamente, la respuesta de densidades de plantación y marcos de espaciamiento de Eucalyptus globulus establecido con fines pulpables. La técnica de Montecarlo se usó para examinar el efecto de las variaciones de precios y la tasa de descuento sobre la rentabilidad. El ensayo fue realizado en el Valle Central de la IX Región de Chile. Los tratamientos fueron: 1,000 árboles·ha-1(T1); 1,428 árboles·ha-1 (T2); 1,667 árboles·ha-1 (T3) y 2,000 árboles·ha-1 (T4). El volumen de producción de cada tratamiento se midió a la edad de cosecha (10 años) y posteriormente se realizó un análisis financiero, para obtener la rentabilidad (valor actual neto [VAN], valor económico del suelo [VES] y tasa interna de retorno [TIR]). Los mayores valores de VAN se obtuvieron con el T1 (US$ 330·ha-1) y T4 (US$ 322·ha-1). Los pronósticos obtenidos para el VAN de T1 mostraron una probabilidad de ocurrencia de 73 %, resultando ser la opción menos riesgosa para la inversión. Los mayores rendimientos volumétricos (T4 y T3) no propician las mayores rentabilidades, pues el incremento de la densidad de plantación aumenta los costos por unidad de planta con relación al manejo de suelos, control de malezas y fertilización.
ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE TRES HIDROGRAMAS UNITARIOS SINTÉTICOS EN DOS CUENCAS MEDITERRÁNEAS DE CHILE, REGIÓN DEL MAULE
Authors: Pizarro-Tapia Roberto , Balocchi-Contreras Francisco , Andrade-Vilaró Fernando , Sangüesa-Pool Claudia , Vargas-Baecheler José , Morales-Calderón Carolina , Vera-Camiroaga Mauricio , Valdés-Pineda Rodrigo , Vallejos-Carrera Carlos , Mendoza-Mendoza Romina , Olivares-Santelices Claudio , Abarza-Martínez Alejandro , Fuentes-Lagos Roberto 
Published: May 2014

En el presente artículo se realiza un análisis comparativo de tres métodos para obtener hidrogramas unitarios sintéticos (HUS). Los métodos de Snyder, de “U.S. Bureau of Reclamation” y el de Témez se analizaron en dos cuencas de la zona mediterránea de Chile. Para ello, se realizó una caracterización morfológica y vegetacional de cada cuenca. Además, se utilizó la información de tres tormentas reales con intensidades clasificadas como alta, media y baja, a fin de obtener los hidrogramas de escorrentía directa (HED) para ambas cuencas. La escorrentía asociada a los eventos de precipitación se obtuvo utilizando la metodología del número de curva. Los resultados demostraron que, a nivel general, los HUS utilizados no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (P = 0.05) para ambas cuencas. Por otra parte, la metodología del HUS de Snyder fue la única que detectó diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los HED respecto a los otros métodos y sólo bajo una tormenta de alta intensidad en la cuenca Cunculén.