bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of tocopherol degradation during the storage of wheat germ oil
Authors: Magariño Micaela , Mateo Carmen M. , Nolasco Susana M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTocopherol degradation in wheat germ oil was studied during storage at different temperatures. Two types of wheat germ were used: heat‐treated germ (HT) and raw germ (RG). The oil was extracted (Soxhlet, n‐hexane) and stored at 25 and 47 °C (82 days) and at ‐20 and 5 °C (600 days). Tocopherols were determined by HPLC. Total tocopherol, α‐tocopherol, and β‐tocopherol decreased following first‐order kinetics. At 25 and 47 °C, the values of the degradation rate constants for total tocopherol were 5.00 × 10−3 days−1 (RG), 3.00 × 10−3 days−1 (HT), and 5.37 ×10−2 days−1 (RG), 2.57 × 10−2 days−1 (HT), respectively, indicating an increase in tocopherol degradation rate with increasing temperature. The reaction rates of total tocopherol were similarly affected at 5 and −20 °C, with lower rate constants (4 × 10−4 and 2 × 10−4 days−1, respectively). α‐tocopherol degraded faster than β‐tocopherol, presenting higher rate constants. Low temperatures favour the preservation of tocopherols.
Iridium‐ruthenium‐oxide coatings for supercapacitors
Authors: Ullah Nehar , McArthur Mark A. , Omanovic Sasha 
Published: August 2015

AbstractElectrochemical, topographical, and morphological properties of thermally‐prepared Irx‐Ru1‐x‐oxide coatings of various compositions (0 < x ≤ 1), formed on a Ti metal substrate, were investigated for their potential application as supercapacitor (SC) electrodes employing scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical techniques of cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A current state‐of‐the‐art pure ruthenium oxide (RuO2) coating showed relatively low performance compared to other bimetallic IrxRu1‐x‐oxide coatings operated under the same experimental conditions. An electrochemically‐activated Ir0.4Ru0.6‐oxide coating yielded the highest capacitance value (85 mF cm−2). Prolonged electrochemical cycling of the Ir/Ru‐oxide coatings in a corrosive phosphate‐buffered saline pH = 7.4, performed within an extreme potential window of 5 V, revealed an excellent stability of the coatings. In addition, this cycling procedure enabled a significant increase in capacitance for all coating compositions. It was shown that the areal capacitance (CGA) of these coatings is strongly dependent upon the nature of the components of which the metal oxide is composed. The addition of IrO2 to RuO2 improved the stability and capacitive performance of the thermally‐prepared Ir‐Ru‐oxide coatings.
Discovery, Synthesis, and Optimization of Diarylisoxazole‐3‐carboxamides as Potent Inhibitors of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore
Authors: Roy Sudeshna , Šileikytė Justina , Schiavone Marco , Neuenswander Benjamin , Argenton Francesco , Aubé Jeffrey , Hedrick Michael P. , Chung Thomas D. Y. , Forte Michael A. , Bernardi Paolo , Schoenen Frank J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP) is a Ca2+‐requiring mega‐channel which, under pathological conditions, leads to the deregulated release of Ca2+ and mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately resulting in cell death. Although the mtPTP is a potential therapeutic target for many human pathologies, its potential as a drug target is currently unrealized. Herein we describe an optimization effort initiated around hit 1, 5‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)‐N‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazole‐3‐carboxamide, which was found to possess promising inhibitory activity against mitochondrial swelling (EC50<0.39 μM) and showed no interference on the inner mitochondrial membrane potential (rhodamine 123 uptake EC50>100 μM). This enabled the construction of a series of picomolar mtPTP inhibitors that also potently increase the calcium retention capacity of the mitochondria. Finally, the therapeutic potential and in vivo efficacy of one of the most potent analogues, N‐(3‐chloro‐2‐methylphenyl)‐5‐(4‐fluoro‐3‐hydroxyphenyl)isoxazole‐3‐carboxamide (60), was validated in a biologically relevant zebrafish model of collagen VI congenital muscular dystrophies.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of an 18F‐Labeled Radiotracer Based on Celecoxib–NBD for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging of Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2)
Authors: Kaur Jatinder , Tietz Ole , Bhardwaj Atul , Marshall Alison , Way Jenilee , Wuest Melinda , Wuest Frank 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA series of novel fluorine‐containing cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors was designed and synthesized based on the previously reported fluorescent COX‐2 imaging agent celecoxib–NBD (3; NBD=7‐nitrobenzofurazan). In vitro COX‐1/COX‐2 inhibitory data show that N‐(4‐fluorobenzyl)‐4‐(5‐p‐tolyl‐3‐trifluoromethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)benzenesulfonamide (5; IC50=0.36 μM, SI>277) and N‐fluoromethyl‐4‐(5‐p‐tolyl‐3‐trifluoromethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)benzenesulfonamide (6; IC50=0.24 μM, SI>416) are potent and selective COX‐2 inhibitors. Compound 5 was selected for radiolabeling with the short‐lived positron emitter fluorine‐18 (18F) and evaluated as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent. Radiotracer [18F]5 was analyzed in vitro and in vivo using human colorectal cancer model HCA‐7. Although radiotracer uptake into COX‐2‐expressing HCA‐7 cells was high, no evidence for COX‐2‐specific binding was found. Radiotracer uptake into HCA‐7 tumors in vivo was low and similar to that of muscle, used as reference tissue.
Treatment‐induced hearing loss and adult social outcomes in survivors of childhood CNS and non‐CNS solid tumors: Results from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Brinkman Tara M. , Bass Johnnie K. , Li Zhenghong , Ness Kirsten K. , Gajjar Amar , Pappo Alberto S. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Merchant Thomas E. , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Gurney James G. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDSurvivors of childhood cancer who are treated with platinum‐based chemotherapy and/or cranial radiation are at risk of treatment‐induced hearing loss. However, the effects of such hearing loss on adult social attainment have not been well elucidated.METHODSAdult survivors of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) solid tumors (180 survivors) and non‐CNS solid tumors (226 survivors) who were treated with potentially ototoxic cancer therapy completed audiologic evaluations and questionnaires assessing their perception of social functioning and social attainment (ie, independent living, marriage, and employment). Audiograms were graded with the Chang ototoxicity grading scale. Analyses were stratified by tumor type (ie, CNS vs non‐CNS). Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted with adjustment for age; sex; chronic health conditions; and, for the CNS group, IQ. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were reported.RESULTSSerious hearing loss (that requiring a hearing aid or deafness) was detected in 36% of survivors of CNS tumors and 39% of survivors of non‐CNS tumors. Serious hearing loss was associated with an increased risk of perceived negative impact in ≥1 areas of social functioning (survivors of non‐CNS tumors: OR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.00‐3.34]). Among survivors of non‐CNS tumors, serious hearing loss was associated with 2‐fold increased risk of nonindependent living (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.19‐4.04) and unemployment or not graduating from high school (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.00‐3.34).CONCLUSIONSA substantial proportion of adult survivors of childhood cancer treated with potentially ototoxic therapy have serious hearing loss. Treatment‐induced hearing loss was found to be associated with reduced social attainment, both perceived and actual, in this study sample. Cancer 2015;121:4053–4061. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Morphological analysis of the early development of telencephalic and diencephalic gonadotropin‐releasing hormone neuronal systems in enhanced green fluorescent protein‐expressing transgenic medaka lines
Authors: Takahashi Akiko , Islam M. Sadiqul , Abe Hideki , Okubo Kataaki , Akazome Yasuhisa , Kaneko Takeshi , Hioki Hiroyuki , Oka Yoshitaka 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTTeleosts possess two or three paralogs of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) genes: gnrh1, gnrh2, and gnrh3. Some species have lost the gnrh1 and/or gnrh3 genes, whereas gnrh2 has been completely conserved in the teleost species analyzed to date. In most teleosts that possess gnrh1, GnRH1 peptide is the authentic GnRH that stimulates gonadotropin release, whereas GnRH2 and GnRH3, if present, are neuromodulatory. Progenitors of GnRH1 and GnRH3 neurons originate from olfactory placodes and migrate to their destination during early development. However, because of the relatively low affinity/specificity of generally available antibodies that recognize GnRH1 or GnRH3, labeling of these neurons has only been possible using genetic manipulation. We used a model teleost, medaka, which possesses all three paralogous gnrh genes, to analyze development of forebrain GnRH neurons composed of GnRH1 and GnRH3 neurons. Here, we newly generated transgenic medaka lines that express enhanced green fluorescent protein under the control of promoters for gnrh1 or gnrh3, to detect GnRH neurons and facilitate immunohistochemical analysis of the neuronal morphology. We used a combination of immunohistochemistry and three‐dimensional confocal microscopy image reconstructions to improve identification of neurites from GnRH1 or GnRH3 neuronal populations with greater precision. This led us to clearly identify the hypophysiotropic innervation of GnRH1 neurons residing in the ventral preoptic area (vPOA) from as early as 10 days post hatching. Furthermore, these analyses also revealed retinopetal projections of nonhypophysiotropic GnRH1 neurons in vPOA, prominent during early developmental stages, and multiple populations of GnRH3 neurons with different origins and migratory pathways. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:896–913, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of image collection representations for intelligent distributed systems
Authors: Karlsen R. , Sundby D. , Nordbotten J. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryNumerous social networks, such as Flickr, Picasa, Instagram, and even news agencies, encourage their users to upload content in the form of annotated images. These image collections have become extremely large, containing hundreds of millions of images from millions of users. One consequence is that retrieval of a full set of thematic images, such as ancient ruins in Italy or mountain climbing in Peru, requires multiple collection searches. This is very time‐consuming for the user, particularly because these collections have not been developed for distributed system search and typically have no externally available collection description. In this paper, we present a system that can automatically generate an image collection description suitable for distributed search. Our approach enhances the image tag sets collected by the host system for development of a collection description that provides an extended vocabulary to match search query terms. The benefit of using collection descriptions in the image retrieval process is the ability to first select collections that are relevant to the query before retrieval of relevant images from those collections. This two‐step process improves query processing efficiency, because irrelevant collections need not be searched. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural, Magnetic and DFT studies on a Charge‐Transfer Salt of a Tetrathiafulvalenepyridyl‐(1,5‐diisopropyl) verdazyl Diradical Cation
Authors: Venneri Shari , Wilson Justin , Rawson Jeremy M. , Pilkington Melanie 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA new tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) donor covalently appended with a 1,5‐diisopropylverdazyl radical through a cross‐conjugated pyridyl linker (3) has been prepared and characterised. Reaction of 3 with tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) afforded the 2:1 charge‐transfer complex (3)2⋅TCNQ (4), in which the IR and structural data are consistent with 0.25 e− charge transfer from the TTF donor (D) to the TCNQ acceptor (A). The TTF and TCNQ molecules adopt a mixed‐stack D⋅⋅⋅D⋅⋅⋅A arrangement that does not facilitate conduction. A solution EPR spectrum of 4 comprises a broad featureless singlet, which is consistent with the presence of a TCNQ radical anion. Theoretical studies were performed to probe the exchange interactions within selected fragments of 4 with and without charge transfer. In the absence of charge transfer, DFT calculations reveal weak antiferromagnetic exchange between verdazyl radicals within the (3)2 monoradical unit. However, partial oxidation of the dimer (3)2 to the diradical cation leads to an S=
ground state, in which the verdazyl radical spins are now aligned co‐parallel as a consequence of antiferromagnetic exchange to the additional delocalised TTF‐based spin containing unit. The magnetic properties of 4 are consistent with a net S=
spin state per formula unit with dominant antiferromagnetic interactions between spin‐bearing building blocks.
All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Grafted Ceramic Nanoparticles Dispersed in Solid Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Lago Nerea , Garcia‐Calvo Oihane , Lopez del Amo Juan Miguel , Rojo Teofilo , Armand Michel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLithium‐based rechargeable batteries offer superior specific energy and power, and have enabled exponential growth in industries focused on small electronic devices. However, further increases in energy density, for example for electric transportation, face the challenge of harnessing the lithium metal as negative electrode instead of limited‐capacity graphite and its heavy copper current collector. All‐solid‐state batteries utilize solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) to overcome the safety issues of liquid electrolytes. We demonstrate an all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion battery by using plasticized poly(ethylene oxide)‐based SPEs comprising anions grafted or co‐grafted onto ceramic nanoparticles. This new approach using grafted ceramic nanoparticles enables the development of a new generation of nanohybrid polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity as well as high electrochemical and mechanical stability, enabling Li‐ion batteries with long cycle life.
Host range and community structure of avian nest parasites in the genus Philornis (Diptera: Muscidae) on the island of Trinidad
Authors: Bulgarella Mariana , Heimpel George E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractParasite host range can be influenced by physiological, behavioral, and ecological factors. Combining data sets on host–parasite associations with phylogenetic information of the hosts and the parasites involved can generate evolutionary hypotheses about the selective forces shaping host range. Here, we analyzed associations between the nest‐parasitic flies in the genus Philornis and their host birds on Trinidad. Four of ten Philornis species were only reared from one species of bird. Of the parasite species with more than one host bird species, P. falsificus was the least specific and P. deceptivus the most specific attacking only Passeriformes. Philornis flies in Trinidad thus include both specialists and generalists, with varying degrees of specificity within the generalists. We used three quantities to more formally compare the host range of Philornis flies: the number of bird species attacked by each species of Philornis, a phylogenetically informed host specificity index (Poulin and Mouillot's STD), and a branch length‐based STD. We then assessed the phylogenetic signal of these measures of host range for 29 bird species. None of these measures showed significant phylogenetic signal, suggesting that clades of Philornis did not differ significantly in their ability to exploit hosts. We also calculated two quantities of parasite species load for the birds – the parasite species richness, and a variant of the STD index based on nodes rather than on taxonomic levels – and assessed the signal of these measures on the bird phylogeny. We did not find significant phylogenetic signal for the parasite species load or the node‐based STD index. Finally, we calculated the parasite associations for all bird pairs using the Jaccard index and regressed these similarity values against the number of nodes in the phylogeny separating bird pairs. This analysis showed that Philornis on Trinidad tend to feed on closely related bird species more often than expected by chance.
Total Synthesis of 3‐Oxo‐ and 3β‐Hydroxytauranin via Negishi Coupling of a Bis(ortho‐oxy)‐Functionalized Benzyl Chloride
Authors: Göhl Matthias , Seifert Karlheinz 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe first asymmetric synthesis of the sesquiterpene quinones 3‐oxo‐ and 3β‐hydroxytauranin (1, 2) was achieved and the originally proposed structure of 3α‐hydroxytauranin was revised. The protected benzyl chloride 5 was obtained in six steps starting from 4‐bromo‐3,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (8) via a highly scalable approach. The troublesome Negishi coupling of the benzyl chloride 5 with alkenyldimethylalane 6 was optimized to furnish all‐trans‐farnesylarene 14 in very good yield. This prenylated arene was transformed in six additional steps to 3β‐hydroxytauranin (2). Finally, a new convenient access to propargylated terpenes without using dry cryogenic ammonia and gaseous allene or propyne is described.
Unexpected Mild Protection of Alcohols as 2‐O‐THF and 2‐O‐THP Ethers Catalysed by Cp2TiCl Reveal an Intriguing Role of the Solvent in the Single‐Electron Transfer Reaction
Authors: Durán‐Peña María Jesús , Botubol‐Ares José Manuel , Hanson James R. , Hernández‐Galán Rosario , Collado Isidro G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA method for the conversion of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols into the corresponding THF ethers at room temperature and primary and secondary alcohols into the corresponding THP ethers, has been developed using titanium(III) species generated from a catalytic amount of titanocene dichloride or (4R,5R)‐(–)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐α,α,α′,α′‐tetra(1‐naphthyl)‐1,3‐dioxolane‐4,5‐dimethanolatotitanium(IV) dichloride:acetonitrile adduct together with manganese(0) as a reductant and bromoform in THF or THP as the solvent. A radical mechanism is proposed for this transformation revealing an intriguing role of the solvent in the single‐electron transfer reactions catalysed by the low valent TiIII system.
Voltametric, Amperometric, and Chronopotentiometric Determination of Submicromolar Concentrations of Carboxin
Authors: Jarosova Romana , Barek Jiri , Zima Jiri , Dejmkova Hana 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNew procedures for the determination of pesticide carboxin were developed using differential pulse voltammetry, HPLC with amperometric detection and chronopotentiometry at carbon paste electrode and reticulated vitreous carbon electrode, respectively. Developed procedures based on electrochemical oxidation of carboxin were successfully applied on the determination of carboxin in the model samples of drinking and river water. Limits of detection in samples of river water were in 10−7 mol L−1 concentration range for all procedures and electrodes used. All developed procedures proved to be sensitive, accurate and, due to the resistance of the electrode to the passivation, also simple to handle.
Exploring large wood retention and deposition in contrasting river morphologies linking numerical modelling and field observations
Authors: Ruiz‐Villanueva Virginia , Wyżga Bartłomiej , Hajdukiewicz Hanna , Stoffel Markus 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLarge wood tends to be deposited in specific geomorphic units within rivers. Nevertheless, predicting the spatial distribution of wood deposits once wood enters a river is still difficult because of the inherent complexity of its dynamics. In addition, the lack of long‐term observations or monitored sites has usually resulted in a rather incomplete understanding of the main factors controlling wood deposition under natural conditions. In this study, the deposition of large wood was investigated in the Czarny Dunajec River, Polish Carpathians, by linking numerical modelling and field observations so as to identify the main factors influencing wood retention in rivers. Results show that wood retention capacity is higher in unmanaged multi‐thread channels than in channelized, single‐thread reaches. We also identify preferential sites for wood deposition based on the probability of deposition under different flood scenarios, and observe different deposition patterns depending on the geomorphic configuration of the study reach. In addition, results indicate that wood is not always deposited in the geomorphic units with the highest roughness, except for low‐magnitude floods. We conclude that wood deposition is controlled by flood magnitude and the elevation of flooded surfaces in relation to the low‐flow water surface. In that sense, the elevation at which wood is deposited in rivers will differ between floods of different magnitude. Therefore, together with the morphology, flood magnitude represents the most significant control on wood deposition in mountain rivers wider than the height of riparian trees. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine and Uric Acid Based on Gold Nanoparticles‐PTCA‐Cys Composites Modified Electrodes
Authors: Li Feng , Chai Yaqin , Yuan Ruo , Li Xin , Yang Yuqiao 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this study, a nanocomposite of 3, 4, 9, 10‐perylenetetracarboxylic acid and L‐cysteine (PTCA‐Cys) with satisfactory water‐solubility and film‐forming ability was prepared and worked as substrate for modifying the glassy carbon electrode. Then, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were immobilized to achieve a PTCA‐Cys‐AuNPs modified electrode which provided more reaction positions on the sensor. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and different pulse voltammetry were employed to characterize the assembly process of the sensor. The constructed sensor displayed desirable sensitivity, selectivity and stability towards the simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). Under the optimal experimental conditions, the oxidation peaks of AA, DA and UA appeared at 64, 240 and 376 mV, respectively. The corresponding linear response ranges were 3.2–435, 0.04–100 and 0.80–297 μM, and the detection limits were 1.1, 0.010 and 0.27 μM (S/N=3), respectively.
Mechanisms of L‐lysine extraction with sec‐octylphenoxy acetic acid in sulfonated kerosene
Authors: Zhao Chunhua , Zhou Xiaohua , Xiao Yan , Wang Dan , Zhou Zhen , Yang Zhixiong , Jiang Xiaoqin , Wang Jiang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGOUNDCurrently, the dominant theories on extraction mechanisms of amino acids are mainly deduced from mathematical models or reaction equations, it is thus necessary to obtain direct evidence for the extraction mechanisms by experimental methods. This work aims to reveal the mechanisms of L‐lysine (L‐Lys) extraction with sec‐octylphenoxy acetic acid (CA‐12) in sulfonated kerosene by atomic force microscopy (AFM), half‐saturated fluorometric experiment and competition experiment.RESULTSThe ionic bond based on the electrostatic attraction between the amino group of L‐Lys and the carboxyl group of CA‐12 was verified visually by high‐resolution AFM. Half of the amino groups of L‐Lys were labeled by o‐phthalaldehyde (OPA) to form half‐saturated fluorescent derivatives which were then extracted by means of CA‐12 in sulfonated kerosene. The electrostatic attraction between the free amino group of L‐Lys and the carboxyl group of CA‐12 was illustrated by the relationships between OPA dosage and fluorescence intensities of stock solution and extracted liquid. This electrostatic interaction was also demonstrated by the competition experiment using three other amino acids including L‐arginine, L‐aspartic acid and L‐alanine as competitive reagents.CONCLUSIONThe chemical force of L‐Lys extraction with CA‐12 in sulfonated kerosene was comprehensively demonstrated to be the electrostatic interaction between the amino group and the carboxyl group. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry