bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of near‐infrared spectroscopy to detect brain dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorder when inferring the mental state of others
Authors: Iwanaga Ryoichiro , Tanaka Goro , Nakane Hideyuki , Honda Sumihisa , Imamura Akira , Ozawa Hiroki 
Published: May 2013

AimsThe purpose of this study was to examine the usefulness of near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for identifying abnormalities in prefrontal brain activity in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as they inferred the mental states of others.MethodsThe subjects were 16 children with ASD aged between 8 and 14 years and 16 age‐matched healthy control children. Oxygenated hemoglobin concentration was measured in the subject's prefrontal brain region on NIRS during tasks expressing a person's mental state (MS task) and expressing an object's characteristics (OC task).ResultsThere was a significant main effect of group (ASD vs control), with the control group having more activity than the ASD group. But there was no significant main effect of task (MS task vs OC task) or hemisphere (right vs left). Significant interactions of task and group were found, with the control group showing more activity than the ASD group during the MS task relative to the OC task.ConclusionsNIRS showed that there was lower activity in the prefrontal brain area when children with ASD performed MS tasks. Therefore, clinicians might be able to use NIRS and these tasks for conveniently detecting brain dysfunction in children with ASD related to inferring mental states, in the clinical setting.
Immunogenicity of pandemic influenza A H1N1/2009 adjuvanted vaccine in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Gavaldà J. , Cabral E. , Perez‐Romero P. , Len O. , Aydillo T. , Campins M. , Quintero J. , Peghin M. , Nieto J. , Charco R. , Pahissa A. , Cordero E. ,   Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI)
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the immunogenicity of a vaccine against this virus in a prospective cohort of transplanted pediatric patients without previous influenza infection who received one dose of MF59®‐adjuvanted pandemic H1N1/2009 vaccine. Seventeen patients who were being regularly followed up at the Outpatient Clinic of the Children's Transplant Unit (liver and kidney transplantation) in Hospital Universitari Vall d′Hebron (Barcelona) were included. Seroconversion was demonstrated in 15 of 17 (88.2%) vaccinated children. There were no rejection episodes or major adverse events. The MF59®‐adjuvanted pandemic H1N1/2009 vaccine was safe and elicited an adequate response.
The Teachable Moment Captured: A Framework for Nurse‐led Smoking Cessation Interventions for Parents of Hospitalized Children
Authors: Kells Meredith , Rogers Jayne , Oppenheimer Sarah C. , Blaine Kevin , McCabe Margaret , McGrath Ellen , Woodring Barbara , Geller Alan C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article explores the topic of smoking cessation counseling for parents in the context of pediatric hospitalization. Teachable moments, a widely used concept in the literature, uses three key concepts including perception of risk, emotional response, and self‐concept to precipitate change (McBride, Health Education Research, 18 [McBride, 2003], 156–170). The interweaving of these concepts with institutional systems; clinically trained personnel; parental smoking considerations; parent presence; and external supports, or collectively the novel idea of the “capturable moment”, may allow for an increased rate of parental smoking cessation. Using these concepts, the authors constructed a hospital model for pediatric nursing efforts in parental smoking cessation. The pilot study built on this framework in February 2010 began enrolling parents of hospitalized pediatric patients into two intervention groups to motivate smoking cessation. Starting in September 2010, new electronic medical record‐based systems of identifying parents who smoke were implemented in the hopes of enhancing enrollment numbers and streamlining recruitment. It is hoped that by introducing this process and framework, there will be increased national dialogue related to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, routine screening for SHS exposure, and nursing recognition of teachable moments.
Differentiating sexual preference in men: Using dual task rapid serial visual presentation task
Authors: Zappalà Angelo , Antfolk Jan , Bäckström Anna , Dombert Beate , Mokros Andreas , Santtila Pekka 
Published: May 2013

Cognition research suggests that allocating attention resources to evolutionarily relevant stimuli is facilitated suggesting that sexual stimuli interfere with human information processing. In a group of gay (n = 13) and straight men (n = 13) recruited in Finland, Germany and Italy, we investigated if and how sexually relevant visual stimuli affect information processing of both a target one (T1) and a subsequent target two (T2) in a dual target rapid serial visual presentation procedure. We hypothesized that: (1) due to the attentional blink (AB) phenomenon, the accuracy of reporting of T2 would decrease when following accurately identified sexually preferred T1 compared to accurately identified non‐sexually preferred T1; 2) due to the pop out effect, the accuracy of reporting of T1 and T2 would be relatively increased when T1 and T2 were sexually preferred by the participants compared to when they were not. Our findings did not support hypothesis 1 but supported hypothesis 2. We further found that the pop out effect had a good capacity to differentiate sexual preference between the groups of gay and straight men. We conclude that dual target rapid serial visual presentation can be used as an attention‐based measurement to differentiate sexual preference in men. Limitations and the applicability in the field of measuring sexual preference were discussed.
Conscious knowledge influences decision‐making differently in substance abusers with and without co‐morbid antisocial personality disorder
Authors: Mellentin Angelina I. , Skøt Lotte , Teasdale Thomas W. , Habekost Thomas 
Published: May 2013

Decision‐making impairment, as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), is a consistent finding among individuals with substance use disorder (SUD). We studied how this impairment is influenced by co‐morbid antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and conscious knowledge of the task. Three groups were investigated:SUDindividuals without co‐morbidASPD(n = 30),SUDindividuals with co‐morbidASPD(n = 16), and healthy controls (n = 17). BothSUDandSUD+ASPDparticipants had poor overallIGTperformance. A block‐by‐block analysis revealed thatSUDparticipants exhibited slow but steady improvement across theIGT, whereasSUD+ASPDparticipants exhibited initial normal improvement, but dropped off during the last 40 trials. Conscious knowledge of the task was significantly correlated to performance for controls andSUDparticipants, but not forSUD+ASPDparticipants. Our findings suggest that decision‐making proceeds differently inSUDandSUD+ASPDindividuals due to differences in acquisition and application of conscious knowledge.
The Skin Picking Impact Scale: Factor structure, validity and development of a short version
Authors: Snorrason Ivar , Olafsson Ragnar P. , Flessner Christopher A. , Keuthen Nancy J. , Franklin Martin E. , Woods Douglas W. 
Published: May 2013

In the present study, we examined the psychometric properties of the Skin Picking Impact Scale (SPIS; Keuthen, Deckersbach, Wilhelm et al., 2001), a 10 item self‐report questionnaire designed to assess the psychosocial impact of skin picking disorder (SPD). Participants were 650 individuals who met criteria for SPD in an online survey. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated a unitary factor structure with high internal consistency (α = 0.94). Consequently, we constructed an abbreviated 4‐item version that retained good internal consistency (α = 0.87) and a robust factor structure. Both the short and the full versions demonstrated discriminant and convergent/concurrent validity. In conclusion, the findings indicate that both versions are psychometrically sound measures of SPD related psychosocial impact; however, some potential limitations of the full scale are discussed.
Overcoming Curricular Bifurcation: A Departmental Approach to Curriculum Reform1
Authors: Maxim Hiram H. , Höyng Peter , Lancaster Marianne , Schaumann Caroline , Aue Maximilian 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe collegiate foreign language profession has become increasingly aware of the unnecessarily detrimental effects of bifurcated curricula on student learning and departmental governance, yet there have been few instances to date of departments that have been able to achieve unified, articulated programs of study. This article presents one foreign language department's initiatives and activities to do just that. We describe the collaborative process that the German Studies Department at Emory University underwent in its full‐scale revision of the undergraduate curriculum. The chairperson begins the description by explaining his role in the reform process. Other faculty members continue the description by outlining the institutional and department context, the impetus for reform, the curriculum's theoretical framework, and the different curricular levels. An ongoing, multi‐year project, the revised curriculum has placed demands on students and faculty but also indicated promise for enhanced departmental identity and student learning.
Translation and Bilingual Practice for German Vocabulary Teaching and Learning
Authors: Augustyn Prisca 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article offers a critical examination of the current practices and beliefs about vocabulary teaching and learning in typical communicative‐approach German classrooms. While research on vocabulary acquisition is scarce, frequency dictionaries reveal that current practice is based heavily on the use of concrete, referential lexemes that may be easier to teach but may not represent the most frequently occurring vocabulary in spoken and written texts. For teaching high‐frequency vocabulary, which is often abstract and non‐referential, this paper explores strategies for bilingual practice, validating the pedagogical use of the learners’ first language. These strategies integrate translation into the classroom as a productive strategy for learning that promotes learner autonomy. By discussing techniques for bilingual classroom practice for the acquisition of core vocabulary at the introductory and intermediate level, this article lends support to recent proposals for integrating translation and extensive reading as key strategies for developing vocabulary.
How College Learners of German Envision Their Final Attainment: Between Community and Future Self
Authors: Chavez Monika 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis study explores the ways first‐, second‐, and third‐year college students (n=352) perceived their likely attainment of 19 morpho‐syntactic, phonological, pragmatic, and lexical features of German. Analyses further differentiated perceptions by the learner variables of year of enrollment, gender, achievement, motivation for language study, focus in class, experience with native speakers, and travel abroad. Results indicate experiential variables, particularly achievement and authentic experiences, to be of primary importance in shaping learners’ expectations. Grammatical features, especially nominal morphology, subjunctive, and passive were considered particularly difficult to attain, and more advanced learners were overall more optimistic than their less experienced peers. Learners’ belief in their eventual ability to use language in a socially appropriate manner was associated with actual or desired authentic experiences. The study concludes with a discussion of how learners’ imaginings of their future, more proficient selves can benefit from connections with a language‐using community.
From Broadway to Berlin: Transformative Learning through German Hip‐Hop
Authors: Sosulski Michael J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article explores the possibilities for effecting Transformative Learning in students of German language and culture through the use of popular music videos, in both the target and the students’ own languages. Transformative Learning, a term that has differing valences in numerous academic disciplines, is employed here in its social‐scientific context to denote the ability of learners to negotiate successfully between different cultural frames of reference in order to understand their experiences of cultural dissonance (Anderson & Cunningham, 2010). While Transformative Learning is indeed a higher order cognitive goal, the author argues here that the German language classroom can be an ideal location for building the skills (reflection, interpretation, acquisition of concepts and nuanced self understanding) that set the stage for Transformative Learning to take place over time. The author first lays the theoretical groundwork for this type of learning, followed by a brief introduction to the concept of transculturation (Pratt, 2005) as an important framework for understanding developments in German hip‐hop musical and visual styles from the early 1990s to the present. The article includes an in‐depth comparison of music videos from Germany and the United States.
The Sound of German: Descriptions of Accent by Native and Non‐Native Listeners
Authors: Wilkerson Miranda E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a study of factors affecting judgments of native and non‐native accent in German. The data suggest that listener status (native or non‐native speakers) and degree of experience with German play a role in the aspects of speech which raters cite as salient. Interestingly, the same descriptive terms used by raters were shown to mean different things for different raters, raising questions about the relationship between perceptions of accents and the ways people describe them, which, in turn, hold implications for language teaching.
First indigenous transmission of Japanese Encephalitis in urban areas of National Capital Territory of Delhi, India
Authors: Kumari Roop , Kumar Kaushal , Rawat Ashok , Singh GirRaj , Yadav Narendra K. , Chauhan Lakhbir S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveUntil 2010, no Japanese encephalitis (JE) had been reported from Delhi. Upon report of four confirmed cases of JE in September 2011, detailed investigations were carried out to determine whether the cases were imported or indigenous.MethodsEntomological surveys were carried out and all mosquito pools were tested for the detection of JE virus by ELISA method using specific monoclonal antibody. Human blood samples from contacts of the patients were tested by IgM‐captured ELISA method. Pig's blood samples were also tested for the detection of JE virus.ResultsCulex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex vishnui and Culex pseudovishnui mosquitoes were found. In contrast to rural areas, their breeding habitats were different in the city. 19 pools were tested. JE virus was detected in two pools of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus females reared from field‐collected larvae, indicating vertical transmission. One pool of Cx. vishnui was also positive. This is the first report for the detection of JE virus in mosquitoes from Delhi. JE IgM antibodies in five contacts/residents indicate recent infection. JE virus was also detected in pigs.ConclusionPresent analysis shows that of four reported JE cases, three were confirmed indigenous, indicating that the virus is multiplying in the city. Mapping of infected JE vector mosquitoes in the cities is required for preventive measures to contain further spread of the disease.
Ocular histiocytic sarcoma in a cat
Authors: Scurrell Emma , Trott Adele , Rozmanec Michael , Belford Chris J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA 13‐year‐old male neutered British blue cat presented with uveitis, hyphema, and dyscoria in the right eye. Light microscopic examination revealed that the ciliary body, iris root, drainage angle, and adjacent choroid were infiltrated by sheets of large neoplastic mononuclear and multinucleate round to polygonal cells. Neoplastic cells stained immunopositive for CD18 and HLA‐DR (MHC class II) and were immunonegative for CD3, CD79a, MUM‐1, CD117 (c‐Kit), and S100. These findings were consistent with a histiocytic sarcoma. The cat later developed multiple cutaneous masses composed of a similar neoplastic cell population to that seen in the eye. Eight months following enucleation, the cat developed respiratory distress and was euthanized. Postmortem examination revealed multiple pulmonary tumors associated with a pleural effusion.
Ethical and regulatory guidelines in clinical trials of xenocorneal transplantation in Korea; the Korean xenocorneal transplantation consensus statement
Authors: Kim Mee Kum , Lee Jong Joo , Choi Hyuk Jin , Kwon Ivo , Lee HyungKeun , Song Jong‐Suk , Kim Myoung Joon , Chung Eui‐Sang , Wee Won Ryang , Park Chung‐Gyu , Kim Sang Joon 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo establish the consensus about the conditions for undertaking clinical trials in xenocorneal transplantation in Korea, specific issues regarding the xenocorneal transplantation on ethical and regulatory aspects are addressed, and the guidelines to conduct clinical trial of the xenocorneal transplantation are proposed.Method and ResultsChapter 1 reviews the key ethical requirements and progress of a Korean regulatory framework for clinical trials of xenocorneal transplantation. Chapters 2–7 provide recommendations on source pigs, quality control of porcine corneal procurement, preclinical efficacy required to justify a clinical trial, strategies to prevent transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV), patient selection for clinical trials, and informed consent in xenocorneal transplantation using either cellularized or decellularized porcine graft, which are essentially based on the International Xenotransplantation Association (IXA) islet xenotransplantation consensus statement. The consensus statement of the inclusion criteria for the patients' selection has been made by the executive board members in Korean External Eye Disease Society.ConclusionsThis consensus statement will be a good initiative for Korean Food and Drug Administration to discuss final regulatory guidelines in conducting clinical trials of xenocorneal transplantation in Korea and for International Xenotransplantation Association to develop International Consensus Standards of Xenocorneal Transplantation.
Magnetic drug targeting by ferromagnetic microwires implanted within blood vessels
Authors: Hournkumnuard Kanok , Natenapit Mayuree 
Published: May 2013

Purpose:The targeting of ferromagnetic drug carrier nanoparticles (DCNPs) by dilute microferromagnetic wires implanted within blood vessels and subjected to an externally applied uniform magnetic field of 0.1–0.8 T was evaluated to determine their effectiveness in increasing the concentration of the DCNPs around the target wires.Methods:The transport of DCNPs under the influences of diffusion, blood convection, and magnetic force was simulated by solving the continuity equation using the finite difference method. Then the spatial distribution and time evolution of the particle concentration was determined. The effectiveness of implant‐assisted magnetic drug targeting was evaluated from the average concentration of DCNPs around the representative target wire.Results:The average concentration of DCNPs of an average radius larger than 80 nm carried by blood flow with an average inlet flow rate of 1.1 cm s−1 was increased to more than 60% of the injected concentration by using an externally applied magnetic field strength of 0.1 T.Conclusions:The effectiveness of concentrating DCNPs of an average radius not larger than 100 nm around the target wire within a small vein was significantly improved using an externally applied magnetic field strength of not greater than 0.8 T.
Detection of Epidemic USA300 Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains by Use of a Single Allele-Specific PCR Assay Targeting a Novel Polymorphism of
Staphylococcus aureus pbp3
Authors: Chadwick Sean G. , Prasad Aditya , Smith W. Lamar , Mordechai Eli , Adelson Martin E. , Gygax Scott E. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the dramatic increase in community-associated methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(CA-MRSA) infections has become a significant health care challenge. Early detection of CA-MRSA is important because of its increased virulence associated with the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), and other toxins that may contribute to disease severity. In particular, the USA300 epidemic clone has emerged and now represents the cause of as much as 98% of CA-MRSA skin and soft tissue infections in the United States. Current diagnostic assays used to identify CA-MRSA strains are based on complex multiplex PCRs targeting the staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mec
(SCC
mec
) DNA junction, a multitude of genes, and noncoding DNA fragments or on a number of lengthy sequence-typing methods. Here, two nucleotide polymorphisms, G88A and G2047A, that were found to be in strict linkage disequilibrium in the
S. aureus
penicillin-binding protein 3 (
pbp3
) gene were also found to be highly associated with the USA300 clone of CA-MRSA. Clinical isolates that contained this
pbp3
allele were also positive for the presence of SCC
mec
type IV, the ACME, and the PVL toxin gene and matched the t008 or t121 molecular
spa
types, which are associated specifically with the USA300 CA-MRSA clone. A single allele-specific PCR targeting the G88A polymorphism was developed and was found to be 100% sensitive and specific for the detection of USA300 CA-MRSA and 91.5% sensitive and 100% specific for the detection of all CA-MRSA isolates in this study.
Epstein-Barr Virus Transcytosis through Polarized Oral Epithelial Cells
Authors: Tugizov Sharof M. , Herrera Rossana , Palefsky Joel M. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Although Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an orally transmitted virus, viral transmission through the oropharyngeal mucosal epithelium is not well understood. In this study, we investigated how EBV traverses polarized human oral epithelial cells without causing productive infection. We found that EBV may be transcytosed through oral epithelial cells bidirectionally, from both the apical to the basolateral membranes and the basolateral to the apical membranes. Apical to basolateral EBV transcytosis was substantially reduced by amiloride, an inhibitor of macropinocytosis. Electron microscopy showed that virions were surrounded by apical surface protrusions and that virus was present in subapical vesicles. Inactivation of signaling molecules critical for macropinocytosis, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases, myosin light-chain kinase, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1, p21-activated kinase 1, ADP-ribosylation factor 6, and cell division control protein 42 homolog, led to significant reduction in EBV apical to basolateral transcytosis. In contrast, basolateral to apical EBV transcytosis was substantially reduced by nystatin, an inhibitor of caveolin-mediated virus entry. Caveolae were detected in the basolateral membranes of polarized human oral epithelial cells, and virions were detected in caveosome-like endosomes. Methyl β-cyclodextrin, an inhibitor of caveola formation, reduced EBV basolateral entry. EBV virions transcytosed in either direction were able to infect B lymphocytes. Together, these data show that EBV transmigrates across oral epithelial cells by (i) apical to basolateral transcytosis, potentially contributing to initial EBV penetration that leads to systemic infection, and (ii) basolateral to apical transcytosis, which may enable EBV secretion into saliva in EBV-infected individuals.