bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of reminiscence on the quality of life of residents with dementia in long‐stay care
Authors: O'Shea Eamon , Devane Declan , Cooney Adeline , Casey Dympna , Jordan Fionnuala , Hunter Andrew , Murphy Edel , Newell John , Connolly Sheelah , Murphy Kathy 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThere is increasing recognition of the potential use of reminiscence in maintaining or improving the quality of life of people with dementia. Despite being used widely in dementia care, evidence on the effectiveness of reminiscence remains uncertain.AimsThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured education‐based reminiscence programme—the Dementia Education Programme Incorporating Reminiscence for Staff—for people with dementia residing in long‐stay care settings in Ireland.MethodsDementia Education Programme Incorporating Reminiscence for Staff is a two‐group, single‐blind, cluster randomised trial conducted in long‐stay residential care settings in Ireland. The primary outcome was the self‐rated quality of life of residents as measured by the Quality of Life—Alzheimer's Disease instrument.ResultsUsing an intention‐to‐treat analysis, we found that the estimated effect of the intervention on the quality of life of residents was a non‐significant 3.54 (p = 0.1; 95% confidence interval −0.83, 7.90), expressed as the difference in mean improvement between the intervention and control groups. However, the per‐protocol analysis yielded a significant effect for the intervention on the quality of life of residents of 5.22 (p = 0.04; 95% confidence interval 0.11, 10.34).ConclusionsReminiscence may, in certain circumstances, be an effective care option for people with dementia in long‐stay settings with potential to impact positively on the quality of life of residents. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guideline and preliminary clinical practice results for dose specification and target delineation for postoperative radiotherapy for oral cavity cancer
Authors: Liu Shih‐Hua , Chao K.S. Clifford , Leu Yi‐Shing , Lee Jehn‐Chuan , Liu Chung‐Ji , Huang Yu‐Chuen , Chang Yi‐Fang , Chen Hong‐Wen , Tsai Jo‐Ting , Chen Yu‐Jen 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundSurgery followed by radiotherapy (RT) is indicated for patients with high‐risk oral cavity cancer (OCC). Based on multi‐institutional reports, we developed a guideline for postoperative RT for patients with OCC.MethodsA multidisciplinary OCC team was recruited to develop a questionnaire concerning details of risk‐factor categorization, target delineation, and dose specification. Thirty‐one radiation oncologists from 18 institutions completed the questionnaire, and data were subjected to extensive review to establish the guideline by expert meeting. In this study, we also report the results for patients treated in accordance with the guideline at our institution between 2007 and 2011.ResultsForty‐one patients received RT compatible with this guideline with a median 26.8‐month follow‐up. Thirty‐two patients (78%) remained disease‐free, 6 (15%) developed locoregional recurrence (4 in‐field, 1 marginal, and 1 out‐field) and 4 (10%) developed distant metastasis. The overall 2‐year survival rate was 86.7%.ConclusionThis guideline is promising and should be validated and refined in further clinical practice. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 933–939, 2015
Evaluation of the safety, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacokinetic effects following oral coadministration of immediate‐release morphine with ethanol in healthy male participants
Authors: Setnik Beatrice , Sokolowska Marta , Johnson Franklin , Oldenhof John , Romach Myroslava 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveThis paper aimed to evaluate the effects of coadministered immediate‐release morphine and ethanol on safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic measures.MethodsIn the first stage of a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study, 16 healthy men with a history of moderate drinking received morphine 50 mg + ethanol 0.7 g/kg, morphine 50 mg + ethanol placebo, and morphine placebo + ethanol 0.7 g/kg. In the second stage, participants received either a lower (30 mg) or higher (80 mg) morphine dose (alone and in combination with ethanol) depending on their tolerability to treatments in stage 1. Safety, pharmacodynamic (including visual analog scales, pupillometry, capnography, and psychomotor and cognitive measures), and pharmacokinetic assessments were conducted.ResultsWith the exception of one severe adverse event (AE), all others were mild or moderate in intensity. Morphine resulted in dose‐related increases in AEs. When morphine was administered with ethanol, similar AEs were observed (dizziness, headache, somnolence, nausea, and vomiting), but these were sometimes more frequent compared with those observed with either drug alone. No consistent additive or interaction effects were observed on pharmacodynamic measures. Ethanol had no apparent effects on the pharmacokinetics of morphine or its metabolites.ConclusionsCoadministration of single doses of morphine and ethanol tested in this study did not affect the safety, pharmacodynamics, or pharmacokinetics of morphine or ethanol administered alone. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐cultural sex differences in situational triggers of aggressive responses
Authors: Zajenkowska Anna , Mylonas Kostas , Lawrence Claire , Konopka Karolina , Rajchert Joanna 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper examines male and female individual differences in situational triggers of aggressive responses (STAR) in three countries as well as cross‐cultural sex differences in trait aggression (aggression questionnaire, AQ). Convenience sampling was employed (university students) for the descriptive correlational study (Poland N = 300, 63% female, mean age 21.86, SD = 2.12; UK N = 196, 60% female, mean age 20.48, SD = 3.79; Greece N = 299, 57% female, mean age 20.71, SD = 4.42). The results showed that the STAR scale is an equivalent construct across all three countries. Overall, females were more sensitive to both provocation (SP) and frustration (SF) than males. When controlling for trait aggression, Polish and Greek females scored similarly in SP and higher than UK females. No sex differences in SP or SF were found in the UK sample. Additionally, Polish participants scored the highest in SP. Furthermore, when trait aggression was removed, the Greek participants were most sensitive to frustration, whereas Polish and English participants' SF did not differ. We discuss the results with regard to intercultural differences between investigated countries.
The innovative safe fixative for histology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry techniques: “Pilot study using shellac alcoholic solution fixative”
Authors: Ali Jamal Awatif , Abd El‐Aziz Gamal Said , Hamdy Raid Mahmoud , Al‐Hayani Abdulmonem , Al‐Maghrabi Jaudah 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe concerns over health and workplace hazards of formalin fixative, joined to its cross‐linking of molecular groups that results in suboptimal immunohistochemistry, led us to search for an innovative safe fixative. Shellac is a natural material which is used as a preservative in foods and pharmaceutical industries. This study was undertaken to evaluate the fixation adequacy and staining quality of histopathological specimens fixed in the “shellac alcoholic solution” (SAS), and also to determine the validity of immunohistochemical staining of SAS‐fixed material in comparison to those fixed in formalin. Fresh samples from 26 cases from various human tissues were collected at the frozen section room of King Abdulaziz University Hospital, and fixed in SAS fixative or in neutral buffered formaldehyde (NBF) for 12, 18, 24, and 48 h, and processed for paraffin sectioning. Deparaffinized sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunostained for different antigens. The tissues fixed in SAS for >18 h showed best staining quality of H&E comparable to NBF‐fixed tissues. Comparison of the immunohistochemical staining of different tissues yielded nearly equivalent readings with good positive nuclear staining quality in both fixatives. These findings support the fixation and preservation adequacy of SAS. Furthermore, it was concluded that the good staining quality obtained with SAS‐fixed tissues, which was more or less comparable with the quality obtained with the formalin fixed tissues, supports the validity of this new solution as a good innovative fixative. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:385–393, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variability of extreme precipitation over Yunnan Province, China 1960–2012
Authors: Li Yun‐Gang , He Daming , Hu Jin‐Ming , Cao Jie 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis study investigated spatial and temporal variations of extreme precipitation over Yunnan Province during 1960–2012. On the basis of a dataset from 120 meteorological stations covering the region, ten precipitation indices derived from daily precipitation were computed and analysed. Our results indicate the precipitation indices showed spatially complex trends. Most precipitation indices present increasing trends in western Yunnan and decreasing trends in eastern Yunnan. The western, southern and central regions experienced an increase in consecutive dry days (CDDs) and decrease in consecutive wet days (CWDs). In addition, a widespread increase was also found in precipitation intensity over Yunnan. On a region‐wide scale, a weak decrease was observed in total precipitation, accompanied by an increase in precipitation intensity. CDDs tended to be prolonged while the CWDs tended to be shortened. The days with precipitation amounts totaling more than 10 mm and maximum 5‐day precipitation amount had decreasing but not significant trends. In contrast, insignificant increases were found for the maximum 1‐day precipitation and annual total precipitation exceeding 95th and 99th percentiles. The contribution of extreme precipitation to total precipitation increased during 1960–2012. Overall, occurrences of extreme precipitation are more concentrated in time. The weakening of the Asian summer monsoon strength and local topography had contribution to the variations of extreme precipitation over Yunnan. However, the forcing mechanisms are very complicated and need to be studied in subsequent work.
The diversity of timber in Alvar Aalto's architecture: forests, shelter and safety
Authors: Isohauta Teija 
Published: March 2014

In Alvar Aalto's architecture wood had an important role, symbolically and as a material. Aalto brought out the biological characteristics of wood and its relationship with human beings and with nature in his architecture. Aalto was a master at combining Finnish vernacular building with the European tradition and metamorphosing into some other material as he went along. Concrete, glass, wood and brick were all equally worthy materials.In Aalto's architecture, the role of wood is based above all on the ease with which it can be worked, its heat insulation properties and the fact that it is pleasant to the touch. Trees themselves as symbols of growth and sources of form of different kinds, and forests as spatial outlines, however, gave wood a mythical character. To Aalto, wood was adapted as an argument for human warmth and humanism when, to his mind, Modernism, the International Style, began to become too stereotyped and estranged from the idealism Aalto associated with it. With time, wood became for Aalto more and more a material that was used for cladding buildings and worked as a space divider, a material that was employed to soften acoustics and was used in details for places that people were going to touch.It could be said that, on the one hand, wood acted as decoration in Aalto's buildings, but on the other, the variations of form in the wooden detailing show a synthesis of Aalto's architecture.
Immersed at the water's edge: modern British and Australian seaside pools as sites of ‘Good living’
Authors: Lewi Hannah , Phillips Christine 
Published: March 2014

This article re-examines the swimming pool as a potent building type embodying the salient characteristics of Modernity. Not only did the building of modern public swimming pools celebrate new materials, engineered solutions and technologies but they also reflected rapidly changing attitudes to the body, leisure and fitness in line with Modernist aspirations. Public pools thus created new communal places where relationships between social, natural and built environments could be explored and embraced.In understanding these social and design aspirations to create the Modern ‘good life’, a set of English and Australian waterside open-air swimming pools and lidos of the 1930s – Scarborough (1915–1934), Tinside (1935), the Eastern Beach Reserve Geelong (1939) and the North Sydney pool (1936) – are described and compared in their past and present state. These seaside pools offered places for people to seek refuge within a setting which remains at once natural but also controlled and shaped, while also promoting the psychological and physiological benefits of open-air activities.In re-appraising the fate of the public swimming pool today, the article concludes by highlighting two successful contemporary examples, the Badeschiff in Berlin (2009) and the Copenhagen Harbour Bath (2003). We argue that these new pools have grown out of precedents found in the early twentieth century but have reinvigorated the type by offering new interpretations of designing with nature, and providing facilities more relevant to current leisure and environmental trends. Their success lends support to the need for careful documentation and conservation of earlier surviving exemplars.
Louis I. Kahn, teacher
Authors: Williamson James F. 
Published: March 2014

Louis I. Kahn was not only an architect of powerful buildings; he was also an unconventional teacher and a radical philosopher whose influence on his students was far-reaching. It is through his many former students, especially those in his Master's Class at the University of Pennsylvania, 1960–74, that Kahn's distinctive philosophy of education and unique pedagogy have continued to influence the teaching and making of architecture in the late modern era.Focusing on a neglected area of Kahn scholarship, the author argues that Kahn's legacy as a teacher should be remembered as among his greatest accomplishments. The study examines Kahn's philosophy of education, his unique pedagogy, and his motives for teaching. It draws upon the author's experience as a student in the Master's Class and extensive research at the Louis I. Kahn Collection housed in Penn's Architectural Archives, the comprehensive repository of records relating to Kahn's academic and professional career. It is the first study to be based upon interviews with numerous fellow Master's Class alumni, reflecting the views expressed by Kahn's students about their teacher and the lasting impact of his teaching on their professional lives.
Transient response of dual-band-notched ultra-wideband antenna
Authors: Malik Jagannath , Kalaria Parth C. , Kartikeyan Machavaram V. 
Published: March 2014

In the present study, an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna has been proposed using coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed with dual-band-notch characteristics. Slot-loaded radiator and U-shaped CPW resonator are used for band rejection at 3.5 and 5–6 GHz respectively to reduce interference with existing World interoperability for microwave access and wireless local area network systems. With an extended operating band (measured at 10 dB return loss) the antenna operates successfully over the entire UWB range (3.1–10.6 GHz) with a form factor of 30 × 20 × 1.524 mm3 on a commercially low-cost FR-4 substrate. Experimental measurement results are presented in support of the simulated results for the proposed antenna for practical application. The antenna has been successfully fabricated and measured, showing broadband matched impedance and good omnidirectional radiation pattern throughout the operating bandwidth. Measured time-domain analysis for both the orientations, i.e. face-to-face and side-by-side, yields excellent performance in the open environment scenario. With fairly good and consistent monopole such as omnidirectional radiation patterns in H-plane and linear transmission responses, the proposed antenna is well suited to be integrated within portable devices.
Antigen targeting to M cells for enhancing the efficacy of mucosal vaccines
Authors: Kim Sae-Hae , Jang Yong-Suk 
Published: March 2014

AbstractVaccination is one of the most successful applications of immunology and for a long time has depended on parenteral administration protocols. However, recent studies have pointed to the promise of mucosal vaccination because of its ease, economy and efficiency in inducing an immune response not only systemically, but also in the mucosal compartment where many pathogenic infections are initiated. However, successful mucosal vaccination requires the help of an adjuvant for the efficient delivery of vaccine material into the mucosa and the breaking of the tolerogenic environment, especially in oral mucosal immunization. Given that M cells are the main gateway to take up luminal antigens and initiate antigen-specific immune responses, understanding the role and characteristics of M cells is crucial for the development of successful mucosal vaccines. Especially, particular interest has been focused on the regulation of the tolerogenic mucosal microenvironment and the introduction of the luminal antigen into the lymphoid organ by exploiting the molecules of M cells. Here, we review the characteristics of M cells and the immune regulatory factors in mucosa that can be exploited for mucosal vaccine delivery and mucosal immune regulation.
Hearing Loss in Syndromic Craniosynostoses: Introduction and Consideration of Mechanisms
Authors: Agochukwu Nneamaka B. , Solomon Benjamin D. , Muenke Maximilian 
Published: March 2014

PurposeThere are a number of craniosynostosis syndromes with hearing loss—including Muenke, Apert, Pfeiffer, Crouzon, Beare-Stevenson, Crouzon with acanthosis nigricans, and Jackson-Weiss syndromes—that result from mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) genes. Studies of FGFRs and their ligands, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), have revealed clues to the precise contribution of aberrant FGFR signaling to inner ear morphogenesis and the hearing loss encountered in craniosynostoses. The purpose of this article is to review basic studies of FGFRs with emphasis on their function and expression in the inner ear and surrounding structures.MethodA Medline search was performed to find basic science articles regarding FGFR, their ligands, and their expression and relevant mouse models. Additional items searched included clinical descriptions and studies of individuals with FGFR-related craniosynostosis syndromes.ResultsThe FGF signaling pathway is essential for the morphogensis and proper function of the inner ear and auditory sensory epithelium.ConclusionThe variable auditory phenotypes seen in individuals with Muenke syndrome may have a genetic basis, likely due to multiple interacting factors in the genetic environment or modifying factors. Further analysis and studies of mouse models of Muenke syndrome, in particular, may provide clues to the specific effects of the defining mutation inFGFR3in the inner ear not only at birth but also into adulthood. In particular, investigations into these models may give insight into the variable expression and incomplete penetrance of this phenotype.
Harmonic self‐mode‐locking of optically pumped semiconductor disc laser
Authors: Gaafar M. , Möller C. , Wichmann M. , Heinen B. , Kunert B. , Rahimi‐Iman A. , Stolz W. , Koch M. 
Published: March 2014

A saturable‐absorber‐free vertical‐external‐cavity surface‐emitting laser is presented which is harmonically modelocked. Modelocking is initiated via fine‐tuning of an aperture which is placed near one of the cavity's end mirrors. Fundamental modelocking is observed along with the second and third harmonic operations for increased optical pump powers. The system features pulse durations penetrating the femtosecond regime at a wavelength of 1014 nm.
Multivariable load current sensorless controller for universal active power filter
Authors: Ketzer Marcos Batista , Jacobina Cursino Brandão 
Published: March 2014

The universal active power filter is one of most efficient solutions to problems related to energy quality. The topology integrates series and parallel active filter, and theoretically has the compensation capacity of both. The efficiency of compensation, however, is dependent on the control strategy implemented. Moreover, the controller determines the necessary number of sensors and measurement techniques, consequently, it determines associated costs. This study uses a multivariable approach for synthesis and development of a decoupled control. The proposed strategy uses only measuring of the input currents, thereby reducing the number of current sensors. The strategy is validated in simulation and experimentally in a 1.1 kVA laboratory prototype.
Histological Characterization of Mast Cell Chymase in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Kosanovic Djuro , Dahal Bhola Kumar , Peters Dorothea Maren , Seimetz Michael , Wygrecka Malgorzata , Hoffmann Katrin , Antel Jochen , Reiss Irwin , Ghofrani Hossein Ardeschir , Weissmann Norbert , Grimminger Friedrich , Seeger Werner , Schermuly Ralph Theo 
Published: March 2014

Our previous findings demonstrated an increase in pulmonary mast cells (MCs) in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Also, literature suggests a potential role for MCs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, a comprehensive investigation of lungs from patients is still needed. We systematically investigated the presence/expression of MCs/MC chymase in the lungs of IPAH and COPD patients by (immuno)histochemistry and subsequent quantification. We found that total and perivascular chymase‐positive MCs were significantly higher in IPAH patients than in donors. In addition, chymase‐positive MCs were located in proximity to regions with prominent expression of big‐endothelin‐1 in the pulmonary vessels of IPAH patients. Total and perivascular MCs around resistant vessels were augmented and a significant majority of them were degranulated (activated) in COPD patients. While the total chymase‐positive MC count tended to increase in COPD patients, the perivascular number was significantly enhanced in all vessel sizes analyzed. Surprisingly, MC and chymase‐positive MC numbers positively correlated with better lung function in COPD. Our findings suggest that activated MCs, possibly by releasing chymase, may contribute to pulmonary vascular remodeling in IPAH. Pulmonary MCs/chymase may have compartment‐specific (vascular vs. airway) functions in COPD. Future studies should elucidate the mechanisms of MC accumulation and the role of MC chymase in pathologies of these severe lung diseases.