bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Approach to Validate History Matching Process
Authors: Abdel-Rahman M. R. , Dharmawan M. A. , Abdelrahim R.. , Akhtar M. N. , Mekki N.. , Al-Namlah S. A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Conducting a history matching process is the most challenging and time consuming phase for reservoir simulation domain. It is worthy to invest more efforts to introduce new approaches to validate history matching results. This to guaranty the 3D model calibration has been adapted to adequate level that will minimize associated risk for the proposed forecast that completely rely on the history matching quality.
This paper is describing a new approach for validating history matching results. It describes new workflow that is used to integrate all historical information comes from field surveillance and shows change of fluid distribution over field production history, e.g. observation of oil water contact encroachment, water coning, etc.
Petrel™ as a 3D modeling package is used to integrate all of these information in automated way to build conceptual 3D fluid distribution models at selected time increments that represent the field production history. The workflow has two main steps, 1st to use geo-statistical approach to interpolate available fluid change surveillances at well level to build fluid contact surfaces at selected time increments. 2nd step, Petrel™ will use each contact surface individually to build corresponding 3D conceptual fluid distribution model to describe fluid profile in 3D at a time.
These conceptual models will simulate the overall mechanism of subsurface fluid movements over the production history based on the available historical data. By the end, the generated conceptual 3D fluid distribution models can be used to validate the fluid saturation models come from any finite difference simulator. It will do help to have better understanding of field performance in response to fluid contact change. In additional; It can guide a preliminary plan to propose infill wells for field development plans.
This paper shows a detailed workflow of a mechanistic study to cover this new approach of validating the History Matching process and shed a light on the challenges and limitations of this new approach.
Comparison of localisation of α- and β-oestrogen receptors in posterior part of the piriform cortex in rabbit males
Authors: Krakowska Izabela , Lonc Grzegorz , Matysek Małgorzata , Kupczyńska Marta 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the immunoreactivity and distribution of two kinds of oestrogen receptors within the nerve tissue of the posterior part of the piriform cortex, as well as their localisation within nerve cells. The studied material consisted of 12 brains of sexually mature rabbit males weighing 3-4 kg. In order to prove the presence of α and β receptors, Er-α and Er-β antibodies were used. The examinations showed the presence of Er-α and E-rβ receptors in all layers of the piriform cortex, however, mainly in the IInd and IIIrd layer. The reaction occurred in the nucleus and cytoplasm of neurons. The obtained results can imply the influence of oestrogen on the functions of the examined brain area in rabbits, which in human is responsible for perception and categorisation of odour.
Influence of Preparation Method of Spirogyra Sp. Algae on their Sorption Capacity
Authors: Rajfur Małgorzata 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The influence of the preparation method of samples on the zinc ions sorption parameters in Spirogyra sp. algae was analysed. The Zn2+ sorption process from the salt solutions of this analyte was carried out in static conditions. The carried out analyses results show that the method of algae samples preparation for analyses (thermal drying, freeze drying, samples conditioning in demineralised water) and storage period influence their sorption capacity. On the basis of the carried out research of the metal sorption kinetics in live and prepared algae samples, it was found that the equilibrium is achieved after approximately 30 min. In the experiment conditions, 56% of metals are sorbed in live algae during the first 15 min. Approximately 17 and 65% of zinc ions present in the dilution accumulated in thermally dried and freeze dried algae samples respectively after 30 min of the process. It was confirmed that conditioning of the algae samples in demineralised water, prior to the sorption process, increases its efficiency. In order to define sorption capacity of freeze dried Spirogyra sp. algae, the Langmuir isotherm model was applied. It was found out that algae absorb heavy metals in proportion to their content in a solution, in which they were immersed. The sorption capacity of freeze dried Spirogyra sp. algae and zinc, defined with the use of the Langmuir isotherm, shows considerable imprecise result. Evident influence of hydrogen cations on zinc concentrations in algae and in the solution in the state of equilibrium was found out.
Trace-fossil assemblages with a new ichnogenus in “spotted”
Authors: Šimo Vladimír , Tomašových Adam 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Highly-bioturbated “spotted” limestones and marls (Fleckenmergel-Fleckenkalk facies) of the Early Jurassic, which were deposited in broad and recurrent deep-shelf habitats of the Northern Tethys, are characterized by rare benthic carbonate-producing macroinvertebrates. To address this paradox, we analyse trace-fossil assemblages in a ~85 m-thick succession of Pliensbachian spotted deposits (Zliechov Basin, Western Carpathians). They are dominated by infaunal and semi-infaunal deposit-feeders, with 9 ichnogenera and pyritized tubes of the semi-infaunal foraminifer Bathysiphon, being dominated by Chondrites, Lamellaeichnus (new ichnogenus), and Teichichnus. Lamellaeichnus, represented by a horizontal basal cylindrical burrow and an upper row of stacked convex-up gutters, was produced by a mobile deposit-feeder inhabiting shallow tiers because it is crossed by most other trace fossils. We show that the spotty appearance of the deposits is generated by a mixture of (1) dark, organic-rich shallow- and deep-tier traces (TOC = 0.16-0.36), and (2) light grey, organic-poor mottled or structurless sediment (TOC = 0.09-0.22). The higher TOC in shallow-tier burrows of Lamellaeichnus demonstrates that uppermost sediment layers were affected by poor redox cycling. Such conditions imply a limited mixed-layer depth and inefficient nutrient recycling conditioned by hypoxic bottom-waters, allowed by poor circulation and high sedimentation rates in depocenters of the Zliechov Basin. Hypoxic conditions are further supported by (1) dominance of trace-fossils produced by infaunal deposit feeders, (2) high abundance of hypoxiatolerant agglutinated foraminifer Bathysiphon, and (3) high abundance of Chondrites with ~0.5 mm-sized branches. Oxygen-deficient bottom-conditions can thus simultaneously explain the rarity of benthic carbonate-producing macroinvertebrates and high standing abundance of tolerant soft-shell and agglutinated organisms in spotted deposits.
Real Estate Mass Appraisal in Selected Countries – Functioning Systems and Proposed Solutions
Authors: Barańska Anna 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In this paper, the systems of real estate mass appraisal in some selected European countries will be discussed, in comparison with those of individual countries on other continents, in terms of similarities and differences in law, institutional scope and subjects responsible for its execution. With selected countries serving as an example, the practical aspects of operating the real estate owners’ taxation system will be discussed as well the data acquiring process, considered price-making factors, proceeding methodology and circumstances taken into account in real estate cadastral valuation, giving consideration to national specificity.
Fragmented deformations of primitive multiple curves
Authors: Drézet Jean-Marc 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA primitive multiple curve is a Cohen-Macaulay irreducible projective curve Y that can be locally embedded in a smooth surface, and such that Y red is smooth. We study the deformations of Y to curves with smooth irreducible components, when the number of components is maximal (it is then the multiplicity n of Y). We are particularly interested in deformations to n disjoint smooth irreducible components, which are called fragmented deformations. We describe them completely. We give also a characterization of primitive multiple curves having a fragmented deformation.
The combinatorial derivation and its inverse mapping
Authors: Protasov Igor 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLet G be a group and P G be the Boolean algebra of all subsets of G. A mapping Δ: P G → P G defined by Δ(A) = {g ∈ G: gA ∩ A is infinite} is called the combinatorial derivation. The mapping Δ can be considered as an analogue of the topological derivation d: P X→ P X, A ↦ A d, where X is a topological space and A d is the set of all limit points of A. We study the behaviour of subsets of G under action of Δ and its inverse mapping ∇. For example, we show that if G is infinite and I is an ideal in P G such that Δ(A) ∈ I and ∇(A) ⊆ I for each A ∈ I then I = P G.
Extraction of cardiac and respiration signals in electrical impedance tomography based on independent component analysis
Authors: Rahman T. , Hasan M.M , Farooq A. , Uddin M. Z. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) has successive wide range in impedance imaging, but still it is difficult to extract cardiac-related conductivity changes and respiratory-related conductivity changes in spontaneous breathing subjects. Quite a few methods are attempted to extract these two signals such as electrocardiogram gated averaging, frequency domain filtering and principal component analysis. However, such methods are not able to take apart these components properly or put some effort in real time imaging and have their own limitations. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new method in the EIT clinical application field, Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to extract cardiac and respiratory related signals in electrical impedance tomography. Independent component analysis has been introduced to use in electrical impedance tomography but this is the first attempt ever to implement this method to separate these two signals and image those independent conductivity distribution of respiration and cardiac changes independently. Data has been collected from a spontaneous breathing subject. Filtration technique has been used to remove random noise and multi level spatial ICA has been applied to obtain independent component signals which has been later used in reconstruction algorithm for imaging.
Habitat associations of four ungulates in mountain forests of southwest China, based on camera trapping and dung counts data
Authors: Li Xueyou , Buzzard Paul , Jiang Xuelong 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe present study aimed to assess abundance indices and habitat associations of four sympatric ungulate species (alpine musk deer Moschus chrysogaster, tufted deer Elaphodus cephalophus, Chinese serow Capricornis milneedwardsii, and Chinese goral Naemorhedus griseus) in Baima Xueshan Nature Reserve of southwest China, using camera trapping and dung counts data. Camera traps were set along six dung transects in different habitats and explored habitat use of the sympatric ungulates using trapping rates. The results obtained revealed that Chinese serow showed a negative association with open canopy cover and low canopy cover. Alpine musk deer were associated with oak shrubs, oak forests and open canopy cover, while tufted deer avoided oak shrubs. Goral showed no significant associations with habitat variables. Alpine musk deer and tufted deer had considerable habitat overlap with Chinese serow. By finding a high correlation between indices, the study indicates that camera trapping may represent a valid index of relative abundance, matching results from other studies.
Improvement in thermostability of metagenomic GH11 endoxylanase (Mxyl) by site-directed mutagenesis and its applicability in paper pulp bleaching process
Authors: Satyanarayana Digvijay Verma T 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
An attempt has been made for enhancing the thermostability of xylanase (Mxyl) retrieved from a compost-soil-based metagenomic library. The analysis of the structure of xylanase by molecular dynamics simulation revealed more structural fluctuations in β-sheets. When the surface of β-sheets was enriched with arginine residues by substituting serine/threonine by site-directed mutagenesis, the enzyme with four arginine substitutions (MxylM4) exhibited enhanced thermostability at 80 °C. The T 1/2 of MxylM4 at 80 °C, in the presence of birchwood xylan, increased from 130 to 150 min at 80 °C without any alteration in optimum pH and temperature and molecular mass. Improvement in thermostability of MxylM4 was corroborated by increase in T m by 6 °C over that of Mxyl. The K m of MxylM4, however, increased from 8.01 ± 0.56 of Mxyl to 12.5 ± 0.32 mg ml−1, suggesting a decrease in the affinity as well as specific enzyme activity. The Mxyl as well as MxylM4 liberated chromophores and lignin-derived compounds from kraft pulp, indicating their applicability in pulp bleaching.
Treatment of Intraarticular Middle Phalanx Fractures Using the Ligamentotaxor®
Authors: Damert H.-G. , Altmann S. , Kraus A. , Infanger M. , Sattler D. 
Published: October 2013

Background We evaluated the outcome of intraarticular middle phalanx fractures after dynamic treatment with the Ligamentotaxor® system. Materials and methods Ten consecutive patients (seven male, three female; mean age 52 years) with intraarticular middle phalanx fractures were treated with the Ligamentotaxor® between 2009 and 2011. Proximal interphalangeal joint mobility, grip strength and “Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand’ (DASH) score were evaluated in a 15-month follow-up. The reconstitution of the intraarticular space was measured immediately after trauma, at 6 weeks and at 15 months by radiograph control. The severity of the trauma was classified according to AO. Results We found B1 30 %, C1 (Seno I + II) 50 % and C3 (Seno III–V) 20 %. In 60 % of the cases, fractures were localized on the middle base of the fifth digit, in 20 % on the third digit and in 20 % on the index finger. The dynamic treatment lasted 7 weeks; patients were exposed to full workload after 9 weeks. The mean flexion mobility after 15 months reached 73° (range 60–100°), and the extension deficit was 13° (range 0–20°) on average. Grip strength attained 71.3 % (range 60–87 %) of the contralateral side. Initial x-ray after trauma compared to the x-ray after 15 months showed an intraarticular space reconstitution average of 0.5 mm (range 0.1–0.9 mm) anterior–posterior and 0.6 mm (range 0.1–1 mm) lateral. Patients evaluated their outcome with an average of 14.6 points (range 3.3–26.7) using the DASH score. Conclusion Good results can be obtained with the Ligamentotaxor®. We recommend it for the dynamic treatment of intraarticular middle phalanx finger fractures. Larger series and long-term results are needed.
Modulation of the insulin anabolic signalling cascade in growing chickens byn-3 PUFA
Authors: Tesseraud Sophie , Chartrin Pascal , Métayer-Coustard Sonia , Hermier Dominique , Simon Noémie , Peyronnet Corinne , Lessire Michel , Baéza Elisabeth 
Published: October 2013

n-3 PUFA are crucial for health and development. Their effects as regulators of lipid and glucose metabolism are well documented. They also appear to affect protein metabolism, especially by acting on insulin sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role ofn-3 PUFA, i.e. the precursor α-linolenic acid (ALA) 18 : 3n-3 or long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA), in chickens, by focusing on their potential function as co-regulators of the insulin anabolic signalling cascade. Ross male broilers were divided into six dietary treatment groups. Diets were isoproteic (22 % crude protein) and isoenergetic (12·54 MJ metabolisable energy/kg) and contained similar lipid levels (6 %) provided by different proportions of various lipid sources: oleic sunflower oil rich in 18 : 1n-9 as control; fish oil rich in LC-PUFA; rapeseed and linseed oils providing ALA. The provision of diets enriched withn-3 PUFA, i.e. rich in LC-PUFA or in the precursor ALA, for 3 weeks improved the growth performance of chickens, whereas that of only the ALA diet enhanced the development of the pectoralis major muscle. At 23 d of age, we studied the insulin sensitivity of the pectoralis major muscle and liver of chickens after an intravenous injection of insulin or saline. The present results indicate that the activation patterns ofn-3 PUFA are different in the liver and muscles. An ALA-enriched diet may improve insulin sensitivity in muscles, with greater activation of the insulin-induced 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase/ribosomal protein S6 pathway involved in the translation of mRNA into proteins, thereby potentially increasing muscle protein synthesis and growth. Our findings provide a basis on which to optimise dietary fatty acid provision in growing animals.
NORMALITY AND QUADRATICITY FOR SPECIAL AMPLE LINE BUNDLES ON TORIC VARIETIES ARISING FROM ROOT SYSTEMS
Authors: GASHI QËNDRIM R. , SCHEDLER TRAVIS 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe prove that special ample line bundles on toric varieties arising from root systems are projectively normal. Here the maximal cones of the fans correspond to the Weyl chambers, and special means that the bundle is torus-equivariant such that the character of the line bundle that corresponds to a maximal Weyl chamber is dominant with respect to that chamber. Moreover, we prove that the associated semi-group rings are quadratic.
X-ray diffraction studies on the effect of ball-milling speed on the structure of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 nanoparticles
Authors: Fu L. , Guo Y.Q. , Zheng S. 
Published: October 2013

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) semiconductors were prepared by arc melting and the vacuum solid reaction. CIGS nanoparticles were synthesized by the mechanical alloy method. The influences of various ball-milling speeds on phase structures for CIGS nanoparticles were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystal structures and unit-cell parameters of CIGS nanoparticles were determined using TREOR program and the least squares method. A Rietveld structural refinement was used to determine the atomic occupations and atomic numbers of CIGS prepared under various ball-milling speeds. The least size of agglomerated CIGS nanoparticles should be around 200 nm. CIGS nanoparticles milled at various milling speeds with a tetragonal chalcopyrite structure were obtained according to XRD analyses. However, Ga content in CIGS depends on milling speeds. Based on the structural refinements, the unit-cell parameters are a = 5.693(8)–5.744(9) Å and c = 11.334(9)–11.524(4) Å with gallium content ranging from 0.3 to 0.5. The atomic occupations are corresponding to the 4a crystal site for Cu atoms, the 4b site for In and the 8d site for Se. Ga prefers to occupy the 4b crystal site.
United States Supreme Court Confirmation Simulation: Learning through the Process of Experience
Authors: Auerbach Arthur H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe traditional process of educating undergraduates is often relegated to the passive lecturing format. One means of engaging students in active learning is through the use of simulations. Students were asked to take on the roles of United States senators and a Supreme Court nominee during a United States Supreme Court confirmation hearing simulation. Each student participated by researching a sitting senator and the nominee selected and engaged in a question-and-answer session as is done in the Senate Judiciary Committee. Students came away from this valuable experience by not only learning a great deal about the operation of the confirmation hearing as well as the substantive material learned but participating in a process that few people will ever actually experience.
Modeling demand for catastrophic flood risk insurance in coastal zones in Vietnam using choice experiments
Authors: Brouwer Roy , Tinh Bui Duc , Tuan Tran Huu , Magnussen Kristin , Navrud Ståle 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn a choice experiment, households in Vietnam are offered flood insurance to mitigate increasing catastrophic flood risks due to climate change. Participants are asked to choose their most preferred insurance policy given expected future flood and mortality risks, insurance cover and associated insurance premiums. Although not affordable to everyone, there exists substantial demand for flood insurance. Insurance demand is spatially differentiated, non-linear in flood probabilities and mortality risks, and subject to significant preference heterogeneity. Since respondents are unfamiliar with the concept of flood insurance and education levels are low, choice consistency tests were conducted. These show that choice consistency depends on a combination of respondent characteristics, such as gender and education level, and experimental design characteristics.
Cranial anatomy of the Late Triassic phytosaurMachaeroprosopus, with the description of a new species from West Texas
Authors: Hungerbühler Axel , Mueller Bill , Chatterjee Sankar , Cunningham Douglas P. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe skull anatomy of a new species of the phytosaurMachaeroprosopusis described for the first time on the basis of two specimens from the Upper Triassic Cooper Canyon Formation of Texas. Additional information is provided by a third specimen referred toMachaeroprosopussp. A paranasal bone, an additional paired element of the narial region, is identified. Important new data are presented for the braincase, including the morphology of the epipterygoid and presphenoid, an anterior process of the prootic, an anteroventral process of the laterosphenoid, and a parasphenoid process.Machaeroprosopus lottorumn. sp. is characterised by four apomorphies: a supratemporal fenestra closed on the skull roof with bevelled anterior rim, a comparatively short squamosal, a flat and rugose narial rim, and medially extended palatines that come close to form an ossified secondary palate. With respect to the supratemporal fenestra, the supraoccipital–parietal complex and several features of the squamosal,Machaeroprosopus lottorumn. sp. bridges the morphological gap between species previously referred to the generaPseudopalatusandRedondasaurus. A parsimony analysis of known species ofMachaeroprosopussupports the hypothesis that the development of the rostral crest inMachaeroprosopusis a sexually dimorphic feature, and questions the validity of the genusRedondasaurus. Consequently,Redondasaurusis here considered a junior synonym ofMachaeroprosopus.
Thinking about think tanks in health care: a call for a new research agenda
Authors: Shaw Sara E , Russell Jill , Greenhalgh Trisha , Korica Maja 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLittle sociological attention has been given to the role of think tanks in health policy and planning. Existing work in political science and public administration tends to define and categorise think tanks and situate them as a disinterested source of policy expertise. Despite the increasingly visible presence of think tanks in the world of health care, such work has done little to reveal how they operate, by whom and to what ends. Our article seeks to redress this firstly by examining why they have remained relatively hidden in academic analyses and secondly by advocating an interpretive approach that incorporates think tanks within the wider landscape of health policy and planning. In contrast to most existing literature, an interpretive approach acknowledges that much of the messy business of healthcare policy and planning remains hidden from view and that much can be gleaned by examining the range of organisations, actors, coalitions, everyday activities, artefacts and interactions that make up the think tank stage and that work together to shape health policy and planning. Given the paucity of research in this area, we urge the medical sociology community to open the field to further academic scrutiny.