bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Initial Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) with initial tumor load and bone marrow remission in childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Authors: Tawfique Muhammad , Mannan MA , Haque Mirza Manjurul , Begum Mamtaz , Kabir SM Rashed Zahangir , Khan Zohora Jameela 
Published: March 2013

This was a prospective interventional study conducted in the department of pediatric hematology and oncology in BSMMU during the period from January 2004 to June 2005. The objectives of the study were to observe- The effects of initial tumor load on initial LDH and the relation of initial LDH levels with response to remission induction chemotherapy in childhood ALL. All the children from one to fourteen years with the confirmed diagnosis of ALL, irrespective of their sex, were included in the study. Out of total 40 cases 21 of them were male and 19 female. As much as 60% of them were from rural areas and 40% city dwellers. Before starting chemotherapy for induction of remission complete clinical and laboratory assessments were done. Evaluation was also performed on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after the starting of treatment. All the assessments were done to see whether the cases were in bone marrow remission or not. Initial LDH level was found to have direct correlation with initial WBC as well as initial blast cell count. Mean LDH levels differed significantly between the group having initial hyperleukocytosis (50x10(9)/L) and that below 50x10(9)/L. Mean LDH level was also significantly higher in the cases of ALL with IBC >25x10(9)/L than the group with IBC below 25x10(9)/L. The cases with very high initial LDH level responded poorly to dexamethasone monotherapy as well as to polychemotherapy in induction of remission in childhood ALL. Level of initial LDH was observed to be a significant indicator of outcome of induction of remission in childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v2i1.14174 Community Based Medical Journal Vol.2(1) 2013 3-8
Socio-demographic characteristics of the mothers and infant feeding practices in some semi urban villages of a selected Upazilla
Authors: Mahejabin Farzana , Khan Abdul Wadud , Sultana Masuda 
Published: March 2013

To identify the socio-demogrsphic factors and to determine the breast-feeding and weaning practices of the mothers of infants in some selected villages of Dhamrai. A descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted from July to December, 2011. A total of 320 mothers were interviewed having infant up to the age of 1 year. A validated questionnaire, which consists of questions relating to socio-demographic data, breast-feeding and weaning practices, was used. The total number of mothers interviewed was 320 who had infants up to 1 year of age. The mothers were mostly 154(48.1%) aged 21- 25 years and 107 (33.4%) aged 26-30 years. Most 151 (47.2%) of the mothers were educated up to primary level and 96(30%) up to secondary level. 71 mothers were illiterate. The mothers were mostly 190(55.4%) belonged to nuclear family and 129(40.3%) joint family. Most 301(94.1%) of the mothers were housewife. The monthly income of the respondents were Taka 5001-10000 amongst 149(47%) and Taka < 5000 132 (41%). The mean monthly family income of the respondents was 7626.56±3171.248 Taka. Out of 320 infants, 137 (43%) were aged 9-12 months, 124 (39%) were 6-9 months and 59 (18.4%) infants were aged < 6 months. The infants mostly 96(30%) weighted more than 8 kg, 95 (30%) weighted 6-8 kg and 76 (24%) weighted 4-6 kg. All the mothers had initiated breast feeding to their infants and majority 298(98%) were on breast feeding and 57 (96.6%) were on exclusive breast feeding during the study. The infants of < 6 months fed breast milk 8 times or more in a day, the infants of 6-9 months fed breast milk 6-8 times in a day and those not breast fed they fed liquid/soft foods 4-6 times in a day. The infants of 9-12 months fed breast milk 4-6 times in a day and those not breast fed they fed liquid/soft foods 6-8 times in a day. The infants mostly 57(96.6%) were on exclusive breast feeding at the age of <6 months and on complementary feeding 77 (62%) and 83(60.5%) infants at the age of 6-9 and 9-12 months respectively. The infants were not on breast feed 13 (10.5%) at the age of 6-9 months and 23(16.8%) at the age of 9-12 months. Out of 320 respondents 315(98.4%) were aware about the usefulness of breast feeding and 5(1.6%) were not aware. Out of 320 respondents 269(84.1%) were aware about the complementary food and 51(15.9%) were not aware. Out of 320 respondents 218(68.1%) were aware about the knowledge of starting weaning food and 102(31.9%) were not aware about the starting of weaning food. The results of the study indicate that the breast feeding practices among the mother of urban areas were well practiced. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v2i1.14183 Community Based Medical Journal Vol.2(1) 2013 43-48
Ultrasound elastography applications
Authors: Rahman Md Masudur , Islam Mahzabeen , Nargis Mahbuba , Sarker Samar Chandra , Hasan Mahmud Javed , Quddush ASM Ruhul , Sen Shila 
Published: March 2013

Ultrasound elastography (EUS) is a method to assess the mechanical properties of tissue, by applying stress and detecting tissue displacement using ultrasound. There are several EUS techniques used in clinical practice; strain (compression) EUS is the most common technique that allows real-time visualisation of the elastographic map on the screen. There is increasing evidence that EUS can be used to measure the mechanical properties of musculoskeletal tissue in clinical practice, with the future potential for early diagnosis to both guide and monitor therapy. This review describes the various EUS techniques available for clinical use, presents the published evidence on musculoskeletal applications of EUS and discusses the technical issues, limitations and future perspectives of this method in the assessment of the musculoskeletal system. Ultrasound elastography (EUS) is a recently developed ultrasound-based method, which allows the qualitative visual or quantitative measurements of the mechanical properties of tissue 1. The technique was first introduced in vitro in the early 1990s, and subsequently evolved into a real-time tool for in vivo imaging of the distribution of tissue strain and elastic modulus 2. EUS provides information on tissue stiffness, which complements and is independent from the acoustic impedance and vascular flow information provided by B-mode and Doppler imaging, thus opening a new dimension in diagnostic imaging 3 . EUS is based upon the general principle that stress applied to tissue causes changes within it, which depend on the elastic properties of tissue 3. Over the years of research on elasticity, there have been several approaches of EUS, resulting in different methods, depending on the way of tissue stress application and the used method to detect and construct an image of tissue displacement 3. Strain (compression) EUS is the commonest technique that allows real-time visualisation of the image on the screen, and it has been successfully employed to detect and characterise lesions in a variety of tissues and organs 5 . Disease in the musculoskeletal system results in alterations to its biomechanical properties. Although EUS techniques have been extensively employed for in vitro research of muscle and tendon biomechanics since the early 1990s 6 , the recent introduction of EUS into commercially available ultrasound systems has driven research activity towards potential clinical applications of this novel method in the musculoskeletal system 7. This review aims to describe the various EUS techniques available for clinical use, present the available published evidence on musculoskeletal applications of EUS, and finally discuss the limitations and future perspectives of this technique for assessing the musculoskeletal system. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v2i1.14191 Community Based Medical Journal Vol.2(1) 2013 76-85
Genetic variation (AFLPs and nuclear microsatellites) in two anagenetically derived endemic species ofMyrceugenia(Myrtaceae) on the Juan Fernández Islands, Chile
Authors: López‐Sepúlveda Patricio , Takayama Koji , Greimler Josef , Peñailillo Patricio , Crawford Daniel J. , Baeza Marcelo , Ruiz Eduardo , Kohl Gudrun , Tremetsberger Karin , Gatica Alejandro , Letelier Luis , Novoa Patricio , Novak Johannes , Stuessy Tod F. 
Published: March 2013

•Premise of the study:Anagenesis (or phyletic evolution) is one mode of speciation that occurs in the evolution of plants on oceanic islands. Of two endemic species on the Juan Fernández Islands (Chile),Myrceugenia fernandezianaandM. schulzei(Myrtaceae), believed to have originated anagenetically from different continental progenitors, the first is endemic to Robinson Crusoe Island and has no clear tie to continental relatives; the last is endemic to the younger island, Alejandro Selkirk Island, and has close affinity toM. colchaguensisin mainland Chile.•Methods:Using AFLPs and six nuclear microsatellites from 381 individuals representing 33 populations, we determined patterns of genetic variation within and among populations on both islands and between those of the islands and mainland.•Key results:Considerable genetic variation was found within populations on both islands. The level of gene diversity withinM. schulzeiwas equivalent to that of its close continental relativeM. colchaguensis. Genetic diversity was not partitioned geographically inM. fernandezianaand was weakly so and nonsignificantly inM. schulzei.•Conclusions:The high genetic variation in both taxa is most likely due to anagenetic speciation. Subsidence of the older island Robinson Crusoe, landscape erosion, and restructuring of communities have severely reduced the overall island population to a single panmictic system. On the younger and less modified Alejandro Selkirk Island, slightly stronger patterns of genetic divergence are seen inM. schulzei. Because both species are genetically diverse and number in the thousands of individuals, neither is presently endangered in the archipelago.
SAVE (Super-dose Anti-VEGF) Trial: 2.0 mg Ranibizumab for Recalcitrant Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: 1-Year Results
Authors: Wykoff Charles C. , Brown David M. , Chen Eric , Major James C. , Croft Daniel E. , Mariani Angeline , Wong Tien P. ,   SAVE Study Group
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVES:
To assess durability of visual and anatomic gains with 2.0 mg ranibizumab in recalcitrant neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

METHODS:
Phase I–II trial of 88 patients with recalcitrant neovascular AMD treated as needed every 4 (cohort A) or 6 weeks (cohort B) following three monthly doses. ETDRS refraction and spectral-domain OCT–guided as-needed re-treatments.

RESULTS:

Seventy-nine patients completed the 12-month endpoint and were given 11.6 (cohort A) and 8.6 (cohort B) mean treatments. Mean best corrected visual acuity gains of 4.1 letters following three monthly doses were sustained for 12 months for both cohorts. Anatomic improvements were sustained for 12 months for cohort A, but not for cohort B; cohort B demonstrated a gradual increase in mean central retinal thickness (
P
= .03).

CONCLUSION:
Visual and anatomic gains achieved with 2.0 mg ranibizumab in recalcitrant neovascular AMD were sustained for 1 year with monthly treatment. In comparison, anatomic gains were diminished with less than monthly treatment.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2013;44:121–126]
The Importance of Keeping a Broad Differential in Retina Clinic: The Spectrum of Ophthalmic Disease Seen by Retina Specialists in a Tertiary Outpatient Clinic Setting
Authors: Fijalkowski Natalia , Pershing Suzann , Moshfeghi Darius M. 
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To describe the new patient population referred to retina specialists at tertiary ophthalmic academic centers in the United States.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:
Retrospective chart review of all new patients seen by retina specialists at Stanford University from 2008 to 2011.

RESULTS:

Retina specialists saw 7,197 new patients during the study period, with a mean age of 52.2 ± 25.6 years (range: 0 to 108 years). Younger patients (0 to 10 years) were more likely male (
P
< .001) while older patients were more likely female (
P
< .01 for 61 to 70, 81+ years). The most common diagnoses were diabetic eye disease (17.0%), retinopathy of prematurity (9.9%) and age-related macular degeneration (9.5%).

CONCLUSION:
Retina specialists treat patients of all ages, and the most common diagnoses vary with age and gender. Patients present to retinal clinic with a vast spectrum of disease from various ophthalmic and systemic etiologies; therefore, it is important to maintain a broad differential diagnosis.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:133–139]
Dose Distribution in the Heart and Cardiac Chambers following 4-field Radiation Therapy of Breast Cancer: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Johansen Safora , Tjessem Kristin H. , Fosså Kristian , Bosse Gerhard , Danielsen Turi , Malinen Eirik , Fosså Sophie D. 
Published: March 2013

Purpose To evaluate cardiac doses in breast cancer patients with stage II/III treated with 4-field radiotherapy based on computed tomography (CT) dose planning. Methods and Materials Based on archived CT images, whole heart and cardiac chamber radiation doses were analyzed in 216 (111 left-sided and 105 right-sided) mastectomized or lumpectomized breast cancer patients treated at a single institution, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, between 2000–2002. Individual dose volume histograms for the whole heart and for the four cardiac chambers were obtained, and mean, median and maximum doses to these structures were calculated. The dose (Gy) delivered to the 5% of the volume of each cardiac structure (D5%), and the volume percentage of each structure receiving ≥ 25 Gy (V25Gy) were reported. Normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) calculations were used to estimate the risk for ischemic heart disease (IHD). Results Cohort-based medians of the whole heart mean dose (Dmean) for left- and right-sided tumors were 3.2 Gy and 1.3 Gy, respectively, with similar ventricular but lower atrial values. The atrial doses did not differ according to laterality of the breast tumor. In 13 patients with left-sided cancer, 5% of the heart volume was exposed to >25 Gy. The NTCP estimates were generelly low, with a maximum of 2.8%. Conclusions During adjuvant CT-based locoregional radiotherapy of women with breast cancer, the cardiac radiation doses are, at the group level, below recommended threshold values (D5% < 25 Gy), though individual patients with left-sided disease may exceed these limits.
Patient-centered Diabetes Care in Children: An Integrated, Individualized, Systems-oriented, and Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Kienle Gunver S. , Meusers Michael , Quecke Birgit , Hilgard DÖrte 
Published: March 2013

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children is associated with various medical, psychological, emotional, social, and organizational hurdles. Patient-centered disease management should address all patient-relevant issues in an individualized, systems-oriented, and multi-disciplinary approach. Case: A 10-year-old girl with type 1 diabetes mellitus, a developmental disorder with motor and sensory dysfunction and dyscalculia was cared for full-time by her mother and an assistant nurse. Receiving standard intensified insulin therapy, she still had poor glucose control with frequent mild and severe hypoglycemic episodes. She was socially isolated and not able to attend peer activities and was frustrated with her situation. The mother was substantially stressed, and the child-mother relationship was endangered. The girl and her family were referred to an integrated, patient-centered, and highly individualized, multidisciplinary diabetic care program that offered self-management education courses and psychosomatic care. A core element was to switch the main focus from technical management and laboratory data to the girl and her specific problems, wishes, goals, needs, and conditions. The child became an active partner in management and decisions. The program offered age-appropriate activities. Consequently, the girl was able to successively self-manage her disease, resulting in a substantial improvement in glucose control, quality of life, satisfaction, and the relationship between mother and daughter. Conclusion: Increasing technical sophistication in diabetes management tends to lay the focus on biomedical outcomes. Improved medical and psychosocial results may be achieved when the patient and his or her needs, hurdles, goals, and psychological and social issues are made central to the care he or she receives.
Self-directed Mindfulness Training and Improvement in Blood Pressure, Migraine Frequency, and Quality of Life
Authors: Oberg Erica B. , Rempe Margaret , Bradley Ryan 
Published: March 2013

Background: Interest in case studies has undergone a resurgence concurrent with increasing prioritization of illustrations of patient-centered care. However, substantial inclusion of the patient in these reports remains limited. Here, a doctor and patient collaborate to present her case report of self-directed mindfulness training and the subsequent changes in blood pressure, migraine frequency, and quality of life. Methods: After receiving encouragement from her naturopathic doctor, the patient initiated an 8-week program in mindfulness training following the Kabat-Zinn protocol and logged her daily blood pressure and symptoms before and after meditation sessions over an 11-week period. Results: Patient-reported outcomes included decreased perceived stress, increased focus, and a newfound sense of centeredness and calm. Changes in objective outcomes were clinically and statistically significant, including reductions in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure between week 1 and week 11 (P = .0001 and P = .0004 for systolic and diastolic, respectively, by paired, 2-sided t-tests). Self-reported frequency of chronic migraine was also reduced. Critical to the patient's success was that mindfulness training was first approached in a simple, accessible manner prior to embarking on a deeper, extended experience. Discussion and Conclusion: Self-directed mindfulness training can have a meaningful impact on both subjective and objective health outcomes. It may take years of encouragement from a healthcare provider before a patient is ready to adopt a mind-body practice; it is important to recognize and counsel patients with messages appropriate to their stage of change and self-efficacy. Additionally, case studies that combine the voice of the clinician and the patient can provide useful illustrations of truly patient-centered care.
Guidelines for the Application of NAD(P)H Regenerating Glucose Dehydrogenase in Synthetic Processes
Authors: Kaswurm Vanja , Hecke Wouter Van , Kulbe Klaus Dieter , Ludwig Roland 
Published: March 2013

AbstractGlucose dehydrogenase (GDH) is frequently used for the reduction of NAD+ and NADP+ in bench‐ and industrial‐scale syntheses because the coenzyme regenerating system GDH is easy to apply, robust and relatively inexpensive. To optimize the application of this long known coenzyme regeneration system we investigated the commonly applied Bacillus GDH and characterized this enzyme by its kinetic features in the presence of substrates and products at pH 6.4 and 8.0. Three substrates/products were found to inhibit GDH considerably: (i) the reaction product glucono‐1,5‐lactone, (ii) the reduced coenzyme NAD(P)H and (iii) the oxidized coenzyme NAD(P)+. The inhibition of GDH under several process conditions was modeled using the determined kinetic constants. It was found that the GDH regeneration system is strongly inhibited by the usually applied conditions. This study provides the rate equation of the GDH reaction and simulations of this coenzyme regenerating system leading to an improved prediction and, thus, to a faster scale‐up and increased efficiency of NAD(P)H‐dependent synthetic processes.
Low percolation threshold in polycarbonate/multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites through melt blending with poly(butylene terephthalate)
Authors: Maiti Sandip , Suin Supratim , Shrivastava Nilesh K. , Khatua B. B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHere, we demonstrate an easy method for the preparation of highly electrically conductive polycarbonate (PC)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites in the presence of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT). In the presence of MWCNTs, PC and PBT formed a miscible blend, and the MWCNTs in the PC matrix were uniformly and homogeneously dispersed after the melt mixing of the PC and PBT–MWCNT mixture. Finally, when the proportion of the PC and PBT–MWCNT mixture in the blend/MWCNT nanocomposites was changed, an electrical conductivity of 6.87 × 10−7 S/cm was obtained in the PC/PBT–MWCNT nanocomposites at an MWCNT loading as low as about 0.35 wt %. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a regular and homogeneous dispersion and distribution of the MWCNTs and formed a continuous conductive network pathway of MWCNTs throughout the matrix phase. The storage modulus and thermal stability of the PC were also enhanced by the presence of a small amount of MWCNTs in the nanocomposites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Soundproofing properties of polypropylene/clay/carbon nanotube nanocomposites
Authors: Kim Myung‐Sub , Yan Jun , Kang Kyung‐Min , Joo Kyung‐Hoon , Pandey Jitendra K. , Kang Yeon‐June , Ahn Sung‐Hoon 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this article, polypropylene (PP)/clay/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites were prepared via a solution blending method. Sound transmission loss (STL), determined with an impedance tube, was used to characterize their soundproofing properties. The STL for the PP/4.8 wt % clay/0.5 wt % CNT composite was about 15–21 dB higher than that for pure PP at high frequencies (3200–6400 Hz) and about 8–14 dB higher at low frequencies (580–620 Hz). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the crystallinity and the microstructure. A synergistic effect on the STL was established between the structure of the homogeneous dispersion and strong interfacial adhesion. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel Nitrogen Mustard‐Linked Chalcones
Authors: Fang Xianwen , Yang Bingqin , Cheng Zhao , Yang Meipan , Su Na , Zhou Lizhen , Zhou Jia 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA series of nitrogen mustard‐linked chalcones were synthesized and evaluated for their antitumor activity in vitro against the K562 and HepG2 cell lines. The aldol condensation of [N,N‐bis(chloroethyl)‐3‐amino]‐acetophenone (2) with aromatic aldehydes afforded the nitrogen mustard‐linked chalcones. Among the analogs tested, compounds 5e and 5k exhibited significant anti‐proliferation activities against K562 cells with IC50 values of 2.55 and 0.61 µM, respectively, which revealed higher cell toxicity than the standard drugs cisplatin (IC50 > 200 µM) and adriamycin (IC50 = 14.88 µM). The methoxyl and N,N‐dimethyl groups on the B‐ring of the chalcone frame enhanced the inhibitory activities against both the K562 and HepG2 cell lines. The structure–activity relationship study indicated that the inhibitory activities significantly varied with the position(s) and species of the substituted group(s).