bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standard‐ or high‐dose oxytocin for nulliparous women with confirmed delay in labour: quantitative and qualitative results from a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kenyon S , Armstrong N , Johnston T , Walkinshaw S , Petrou S , Howman A , Cheed V , Markham C , McNicol S , Willars J , Waugh J ,   The HOLDS Collaborative Group
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveEvidence suggests that a high dose of oxytocin for nulliparous women at 37–42 weeks of gestation with confirmed delay in labour increases spontaneous vaginal birth. We undertook a pilot study to test the feasibility of this treatment.DesignPilot double‐blind randomised controlled trial.SettingThree teaching hospitals in the UK.PopulationA total of 94 consenting nulliparous women at term with confirmed delay in labour were recruited, and 18 were interviewed.MethodsWomen were assigned to either a standard (2 mU/min, increasing every 30 minutes to 32 mU/minute) or a high‐dose regimen (4 mU/minute, increasing every 30 minutes to 64 mU/minutes) oxytocin by computer‐generated randomisation. Simple descriptive statistics were used, as the sample size was insufficient to evaluate clinical outcomes. The constant comparative method was used to analyse the interviews.Main outcomes measuresThe main outcome measures: number of women eligible; maternal and neonatal birth; safety; maternal psychological outcomes and experiences; health‐related quality of life outcomes using validated tools and data on health service resource use; incidence of suspected delay of labour (cervical dilatation of <2 cm after 4 hours, once labour is established); and incidence of confirmed delay of labour (progress of <1 cm on repeat vaginal examination after a period of 2 hours).ResultsWe successfully developed systems to recruit eligible women in labour and to collect data. Rates of spontaneous vaginal birth (10/47 versus 12/47, RR 1.2, 95% CI 0.6–2.5) and caesarean section (15/47 versus 17/47, RR 1.1, 95% CI 0.6–2.0) were increased, and rates of instrumental birth were reduced (21/47 versus 17/47, RR 0.8, 95% CI 0.5–1.3). No evidence of increased harm for either mother or baby was found. The incidences of suspected delay (14%) and confirmed delay (11%) in labour were less than anticipated. Of those who did not go on to have delayed labour confirmed, all except one woman gave birth vaginally.ConclusionsA pilot trial assessing the efficacy of high‐dose oxytocin was feasible, but uncertainty remains, highlighting the need for a large definitive trial. The implementation of national guidance of suspected and confirmed delay in labour is likely to reduce intervention.
Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: victim or perpetrator? Does it make a difference?
Authors: Shneyderman Y , Kiely M 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesTo differentiate between forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) (victim only, perpetrator only, or participating in reciprocal violence) and examine risk profiles and pregnancy outcomes.DesignProspective.SettingWashington, DC, July 2001 to October 2003.SampleA total of 1044 high‐risk African‐American pregnant women who participated in a randomised controlled trial to address IPV, depression, smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure.MethodsMultivariable linear and logistic regression.Main outcome measuresLow and very low birthweight, preterm and very preterm birth.ResultsFive percent of women were victims only, 12% were perpetrators only, 27% participated in reciprocal violence and 55% reported no IPV. Women reporting reciprocal violence in the past year were more likely to drink, use illicit drugs and experience environmental tobacco smoke exposure and were less likely to be very happy about their pregnancies. Women reporting any type of IPV were more likely to be depressed than those reporting no IPV. Women experiencing reciprocal violence reported the highest levels of depression. Women who were victims of IPV were more likely to give birth prematurely and deliver low‐birthweight and very‐low‐birthweight infants.ConclusionsWe conclude that women were at highest risk for pregnancy risk factors when they participated in reciprocal violence and so might be at higher risk for long‐term consequences, but women who were victims of IPV were more likely to show proximal negative outcomes like preterm birth and low birthweight infants. Different types of interventions may be needed for these two forms of IPV.
An After‐School Snack of Raisins Lowers Cumulative Food Intake in Young Children
Authors: Patel Barkha P. , Bellissimo Nick , Luhovyy Bohdan , Bennett Lorianne J. , Hurton Evelyn , Painter James E. , Anderson G. Harvey 
Published: June 2013

Abstract Snacks are an important part of children's dietary intake, but the role of dried fruit on energy intake in children is unknown. Therefore, the effect of ad libitum consumption of an after‐school snack of raisins, grapes, potato chips, and chocolate chip cookies on appetite and energy intake in twenty‐six 8‐ to 11‐y‐old normal‐weight (15th to 85th percentile) children was examined. On 4 separate weekdays, 1 wk apart, children (11 M, 15 F) were given a standardized breakfast, morning snack (apple), and a standardized lunch. After school, children randomly received 1 of 4 ad libitum snacks and were instructed to eat until “comfortably full.” Appetite was measured before and 15, 30, and 45 min after snack consumption. Children consumed the least calories from raisins and grapes and the most from cookies (P < 0.001). However, weight of raisins consumed was similar to potato chips (about 75 g) and lower compared to grapes and cookies (P < 0.009). Raisins and grapes led to lower cumulative food intake (breakfast + morning snack + lunch + after‐school snack) (P < 0.001), while the cookies increased cumulative food intake (P < 0.001) compared to the other snacks. Grapes lowered appetite compared to all other snacks (P < 0.001) when expressed as a change in appetite per kilocalorie of the snack. Ad libitum consumption of raisins has potential as an after‐school snack to achieve low snack intake prior to dinner, similar to grapes, compared to potato chips, and cookies in children 8 to 11 y old.
Raisin Consumption by Humans: Effects on Glycemia and Insulinemia and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Anderson James W. , Waters Ashley R. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract Raisins are widely recommended as good foods and preferred snacks because of their nutrient content. They are rich in dietary fiber, potassium, and many health‐promoting phytonutrients and antioxidants. Raisins have a high dietary fiber score. Laboratory studies document that raisins rank in the upper quartile of foods for antioxidant content. Clinical research related to the potential health benefits of raisins has intensified over the past 10 y. Much of this research has focused on blood glucose and insulin responses to raisins compared to other foods or snacks. Meal studies indicate that raisins have a low to moderate glycemic index and a low insulinemic index. Longer term studies suggest that customary intake of raisins is associated with lower postprandial blood glucose values than with equicaloric control foods. Cross‐sectional studies suggest that higher levels of dried fruit consumption are associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure than seen with minimal dried fruit use. One clinical study documents that raisin intake over 12 wk is accompanied by a significant reduction in blood pressure. Preliminary results indicate that raisins are associated with increased satiety and decreased food consumption over an 8‐h period, but the potential benefits of raisins for weight loss have not been assessed. Raisin intake is accompanied by reductions in serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and oxidized low‐density cholesterol values. Thus, raisins have the potential to significantly reduce the risk for developing diabetes or cardiovascular disease.
The importance of small colonies in sustaining Microcystis population exposed to mixing conditions: an exploration through colony size, genotypic composition and toxic potential
Authors: Sabart Marion , Misson Benjamin , Descroix Aurélie , Duffaud Emilie , Combourieu Bruno , Salençon Marie‐José , Latour Delphine 
Published: June 2013

SummaryMicrocystis is a toxic colony‐forming cyanobacterium, which can bloom in a wide range of freshwater ecosystems. Despite the ecological advantage of the colonial form, few studies have paid attention to the size of Microcystis colonies in the field. With the aim of evaluating the impact of a fluctuating physical environment on the colony size, the genotypic composition and the toxic potential of a Microcystis population, we investigated five different colony size classes of a Microcystis bloom in the Grangent reservoir (France). By sequencing the internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal operon, we evidenced changes in the genetic structure among size classes in response to environmental change. While similar genotypes were seen in every size class in stable conditions, new dominant genotypes appeared in the smallest colonies (< 160 μm) concomitantly with mixing conditions, strongly suggesting the importance of these colonies in response to disturbances. Moreover, these small colonies played a major role in microcystin production during this bloom, since very high microcystin contents (> 1 pg.cell.−1) were found in their cells. These findings indicate that the colony size distribution of a Microcystis population in response to disturbance could be an adaptive strategy that may explain its ecological success in freshwater ecosystems.
The effects of prolonged inspiratory time during one‐lung ventilation: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lee S. M. , Kim W. H. , Ahn H. J. , Kim J. A. , Yang M. K. , Lee C. H. , Lee J. H. , Kim Y. R. , Choi J. W. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryWe evaluated the effects of a prolonged inspiratory time on gas exchange in subjects undergoing one‐lung ventilation for thoracic surgery. One hundred patients were randomly assigned to Group I:E = 1:2 or Group I:E = 1:1. Arterial blood gas analysis and respiratory mechanics measurements were performed 10 min after anaesthesia induction, 30 and 60 min after initiation of one‐lung ventilation, and 15 min after restoration of conventional two‐lung ventilation. The mean (SD) ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen after 60 min of one‐lung ventilation was significantly lower in Group I:E = 1:2 compared with Group I:E = 1:1 (27.7 (13.2) kPa vs 35.2 (22.1) kPa, respectively, p = 0.043). Mean (SD) physiological dead space‐to‐tidal volume ratio after 60 min of one‐lung ventilation was significantly higher in Group I:E = 1:2 compared with Group I:E = 1:1 (0.46 (0.04) vs 0.43 (0.04), respectively, p = 0.008). Median (IQR [range]) peak inspiratory pressure was higher in Group I:E = 1:2 compared with Group I:E = 1:1 after 60 min of one‐lung ventilation (23 (22–25 [18–29]) cmH2O vs 20 (18–21 [16–27]) cmH2O, respectively, p < 0.001) and median (IQR [range]) mean airway pressure was lower in Group I:E = 1:2 compared with Group I:E = 1:1 (10 (8–11 [5–15]) cmH2O vs 11 (10–13 [5–16]) cmH2O, respectively, p < 0.001). We conclude that, compared with an I:E ratio of 1:2, an I:E ratio of 1:1 resulted in a modest improvement in oxygenation and decreased shunt fraction during one‐lung ventilation.
The future is now: early life events preset adult behaviour
Authors: Patchev A. V. , Rodrigues A. J. , Sousa N. , Spengler D. , Almeida O. F. X. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTo consider the evidence that human and animal behaviours are epigenetically programmed by lifetime experiences. Extensive PubMed searches were carried out to gain a broad view of the topic, in particular from the perspective of human psychopathologies such as mood and anxiety disorders. The selected literature cited is complemented by previously unpublished data from the authors' laboratories. Evidence that physiological and behavioural functions are particularly sensitive to the programming effects of environmental factors such as stress and nutrition during early life, and perhaps at later stages of life, is reviewed and extended. Definition of stimulus‐ and function‐specific critical periods of programmability together with deeper understanding of the molecular basis of epigenetic regulation will deliver greater appreciation of the full potential of the brain's plasticity while providing evidence‐based social, psychological and pharmacological interventions to promote lifetime well‐being.
Survival and cure of acute myeloid leukaemia in England, 1971‐2006: a population–based study
Authors: Shah Anjali , Andersson Therese M.‐L. , Rachet Bernard , Björkholm Magnus , Lambert Paul C. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe 5‐year relative survival of adults diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) was less than 10% during the 1970s and 1980s in England. This population‐based study estimated the 5‐year relative survival and ‘cure’ for 48 380 adult patients diagnosed with AML in England during 1971–2006. Relative survival and cure mixture models were used to produce estimates of 5‐year relative survival and the percentage ‘cured’. ‘Cure’ was defined as the proportion of a group of survivors for whom there is no excess mortality compared with the general population. The 5‐year relative survival and the percentage ‘cured’ increased for patients aged under 70 years at diagnosis during 1971–2006, but advancing age was associated with poorer outcome. During the study period a dramatic increase in 5‐year relative survival occurred in those aged 15–24 years, from 7% to 53%. The percentage ‘cured’ was less than 10% for all ages in 1975, but increased to 45% for those aged 15–24 years in 2000. Cure could not be estimated for patients over 70 years, because survival was consistently low (<5%). The long‐term outcome of patients with AML has improved substantially, particularly in younger patients. The potential exists for further increasing levels of ‘cure’.
A UK national audit of hereditary and acquired angioedema
Authors: Jolles S , Williams P , Carne E , Mian H , Huissoon A , Wong G , Hackett S , Lortan J , Platts V , Longhurst H , Grigoriadou S , Dempster J , Deacock S , Khan S , Darroch J , Simon C , Thomas M , Pavaladurai V , Alachkar H , Herwadkar A , Abinun M , Arkwright P , Tarzi M , Helbert M , Bangs C , Pastacaldi C , Phillips C , Bennett H , El-Shanawany T 
Published: June 2013

Summary
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) and acquired angioedema (AAE) are rare life-threatening conditions caused by deficiency of C1 inhibitor (C1INH). Both are characterized by recurrent unpredictable episodes of mucosal swelling involving three main areas: the skin, gastrointestinal tract and larynx. Swelling in the gastrointestinal tract results in abdominal pain and vomiting, while swelling in the larynx may be fatal. There are limited UK data on these patients to help improve practice and understand more clearly the burden of disease. An audit tool was designed, informed by the published UK consensus document and clinical practice, and sent to clinicians involved in the care of HAE patients through a number of national organizations. Data sets on 376 patients were received from 14 centres in England, Scotland and Wales. There were 55 deaths from HAE in 33 families, emphasizing the potentially lethal nature of this disease. These data also show that there is a significant diagnostic delay of on average 10 years for type I HAE, 18 years for type II HAE and 5 years for AAE. For HAE the average annual frequency of swellings per patient affecting the periphery was eight, abdomen 5 and airway 0·5, with wide individual variation. The impact on quality of life was rated as moderate or severe by 37% of adult patients. The audit has helped to define the burden of disease in the UK and has aided planning new treatments for UK patients.
50 years of the Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry
Authors: Czeizel Andrew E. , Métneki Julia , Béres Judit 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe mandatory notification of patients (“cases”) with different congenital abnormalities (CAs) diagnosed from birth until the end of the first postnatal year by medical doctors was ordered by the Ministry of Health in Hungary in 1962 and this CA‐registry was continued as the Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry (HCAR) based on the international recommendation from 1970. The primary objective of the HCAR has been to determine the baseline birth prevalence rate of different CAs as reliably as possible, with three secondary objectives: (i) to detect temporal and/or spatial clusters of CAs; (ii) to evaluate increasing or decreasing time trends of CAs; and (iii) to assist in the planning of medical and social services for children and families affected by CA so that appropriate resources are allocated efficiently and effectively. This paper summarizes the activities and the evolution of the HCAR over the past 50 years (1962–2011) including the Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities for postmarketing surveillance of drug teratogenicity and prevention of CAs; the special evaluation of unidentified multiple CAs; the Hungarian Surveillance of Germinal Mutations and several international collaborations. In conclusion, Hungary enjoyed optimal conditions for the HCAR due to a centralized state health system; all deliveries took place in inpatient clinics; the quality of pediatric care was high and pediatricians notified most CAs. Autopsy was mandatory in infant death, the staff of the HCAR did not consider this CA‐registry only as a statistical system but the Hungarian Center for Congenital Anomaly Control and the Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities based on the HCAR worked with close collaboration with the parents in order to promote the possible good quality of life of their affected children and to prevent their risk of recurrence.
Dental care providers' decision making regarding maintenance of compromised teeth and implant therapy indication: an analysis of gender and enrollment in teaching positions
Authors: Junges R. , Zitzmann N. U. , Walter C. , Rösing C. K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate Brazilian dentists' decision making regarding periodontally involved teeth and implant therapy indications as well as possible modifying factors such as gender, enrollment in teaching positions, and area of specialization.Material and methodsThis cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study was conducted among Brazilian dentists between June and November 2012. The questionnaire comprised 27 questions divided into four different sections: socio‐demographic characteristics, questions about their clinical practice toward implant therapy, decision making in four clinical cases, and agreement with different statements regarding endodontic, periodontal, and implant therapy.ResultsA total of 155 dentists answered the questionnaire with an average age of 35.5 years. Fifty‐one percent were male, and 44.5% were involved in teaching positions. One hundred and thirty‐six (87.7%) respondents had already pursued a post‐graduation program or were currently involved in one. 33.5% placed dental implants, 42% provided implant maintenance care to their patients, while 30% performed treatment of peri‐implant diseases themselves. Dental faculty and dentists who had not followed any further training program, preferred the use of regenerative therapies more frequently. As opposed, dentists not involved in teaching positions, and periodontists were more prone to select resective therapies.ConclusionResults suggest that dentists' decision making did not follow the latest external evidence, which might be related to factors as professional expertise and patients' preferences. Considering the difficulties faced by professionals when handling complex cases, there is an urgent need to establish international protocols and guidelines to help the clinician identify this particular treatment option, which corresponds with their internal evidence and is based on good external evidence.
Non‐HDL cholesterol vs. Apo B for risk of coronary heart disease in healthy individuals: the EPIC‐Norfolk prospective population study
Authors: Sondermeijer Brigitte M. , Rana Jamal S. , Arsenault Benoit J. , Shah Prediman K. , Kastelein John J.P. , Wareham Nicholas J. , Boekholdt S. Matthijs , Khaw Kay‐Tee 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere is an ongoing debate about the performance of non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (non‐HDL‐C) compared with apolipoprotein B (apo B) in the prediction of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Therefore, we compared the associations between non‐HDL‐C and apo B in regard to CHD among apparently healthy Western European individuals.DesignIn the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)‐Norfolk prospective population study, 25 639 men and women aged 45–79 years were followed for 11·4 ± 2·8 years. Those with diabetes or prevalent CHD at baseline were excluded. A total of 2066 (12·1%) participants developed CHD during 195 692 person‐years follow‐up.ResultsThe multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratio [HR] of future CHD per one standard deviation increase was 1·22 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1·17–1·27] for LDL‐C, 1·26 (95% CI 1·20–1·31) for non‐HDL‐C and 1·19 (95% CI 1·14–1·24) for apo B, respectively. The multivariable‐adjusted HR of future CHD in the highest quartile LDL‐C was 1·67 (95% CI: 1·47–1·91). For non‐HDL‐C and apo B, these respective HRs were 1·87 (95% CI: 1·62–2·15) and 1·56 (95% CI: 1·36–1·78). Kaplan–Meier survival analyses showed that there was incremental and comparable increase in risk of CHD with increasing quartiles of both non‐HDL‐C and apo B.ConclusionsIn this prospective study, non‐HDL‐C and apo B were comparable in their ability to predict risk of future CHD.
Benefits of treatment with rasagiline for fatigue symptoms in patients with early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Stocchi F. ,   The ADAGIO investigators
Published: June 2013

Background and purposeFatigue is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), often considered by patients as one of the most disabling PD symptoms with significant impact on quality of life. Our aim was to assess the benefits of rasagiline treatment on fatigue in early PD patients.MethodsIn this sub‐study of ADAGIO (N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 1268), 1105 untreated PD patients were randomized to receive rasagiline 1 mg/day (n = 270) or 2 mg/day (n = 277) or placebo (n = 558) for 36 weeks. The 16‐item Parkinson Fatigue Scale (PFS) was assessed at baseline and at week 36/early withdrawal visit. Changes from baseline to last observed visit for each rasagiline group were compared with placebo using ancova.ResultsMean baseline PFS score was 2.2 ± 0.9 units. At 36 weeks, patients receiving placebo showed greater progression of symptoms (0.17 units) from baseline in PFS scores compared with the 1 mg/day (0.03 units) and 2 mg/day rasagiline groups (−0.02 units); the difference versus placebo was significant for both rasagiline groups (P < 0.01).ConclusionsSymptoms of fatigue can be detected in patients with early PD and progressively worsen over time. Rasagiline was associated with significantly less progression of fatigue compared with placebo over a 9‐month period.