bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Structure Elucidation and Antimicrobial Activities of Nonsterol Triterpenoids from Ixeris chinensis
Authors: Wang Qing-Hu , Han Na-Ren-Chao-Ke-Tu , Dai Na-Yin-Tai , Wu Xiao-Lan , Tai Wen-Quan , Wu Jie-Si , Wu Rong-Jun 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
An investigation of the petroleum ether extract from Ixeris chinensis Nakai has led to the isolation of a new compound, 3-O-acetyl-22,28-cyclobauer-7-en-3β-ol (1), together with four known compounds which have been isolated from this plant for the first time, namely taraxast-20-en-3β-ol (2), 3-O-acetyl-taraxast-20-en-3β-ol (3), taraxast-20(30)-en-3β-ol (4), and 3-O-acetyl-taraxast-20(30)- en-3β-ol (5). The structures of the isolated compounds have been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, ESI-MS, 1D NMR, 2D NMR techniques, and by comparison with data reported in the literature. All compounds have been evaluated for their activity against various bacteria and shown to give good results
PPh3-Mediated Borylation of Arenediazonium Salts with Bis(pinacolato)diborane
Authors: Chen Shuangshuang , Pan Zhangjin , Wang Yan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A metal-free, PPh3-mediated borylation reaction of arenediazonium salts with bis(pinacolato)diborane has been developed under mild conditions. The process provides an attractive alternative to the traditional preparation of arylboronates, albeit in moderate yields
La3Ir2 with Rhombohedral Er3Ni2- type Structure
Authors: Schäfer Konrad , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
La3Ir2 is formed upon reaction of the elements at 1273 K in a sealed silica ampoule. The structure was refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data: Er3Ni2-type structure, R3̅, a=895.26(2), c=1713:01(5) pm, wR=0.0578, 766 F2 values, 25 variables. The structure is composed of two simple basic building units: slightly distorted La1@La36La22 cubes resembling the tungsten structure and Ir2@La11La22La35 units with an AlB2-related coordination (298 pm Ir-Ir in the dumb-bell). Each cube is coordinated by six of the AlB2 units. The relationship with the U3Si2-type structure is discussed.
Compound with Coexisting Mono- and Dinuclear Cu(II) Complexes Hosting a New Water Tape Cluster (H2O)22
Authors: Xu Wei , Zheng Yue-Qing 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A new compound containing mono- and dinuclear Cu(II) complexes, [Cu2(phen)2(H2O)2(OH)2] [Cu(phen)2(CO3)]2(HCO3)2 · 22H2O] (phen=1,10-phenanthroline), has been prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, thermoanalytical techniques and temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements. The hydroxo-bridged dinuclear [Cu2(phen)2(H2O)2(OH)2]2+ complex cations and the mononuclear [Cu(phen)2(CO3)] complex molecules are assembled via π···π stacking interactions into layers. A novel water tape containing (H2O)22 cluster units has been observed in the structure of the title complex. In hydrogen bond interactions HCO3
- anions act as donor and acceptor to link the water tapes to form an infinite 2D network parallel to (010). According to the magnetic analyses, the coupling interactions in the dinuclear complex cation is ferromagnetic (J=34:5 cm-1)
Generalized sorting profile of alluvial fans
Authors: Miller Kimberly Litwin , Reitz Meredith D. , Jerolmack Douglas J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAlluvial rivers often exhibit self‐similar gravel size distributions and abrupt gravel‐sand transitions. Experiments suggest that these sorting patterns are established rapidly, but how—and how fast—this convergence occurs in the field is unknown. We examine the establishment of downstream sorting patterns in a kilometer‐scale alluvial fan. The sharp transition from canyon to unconfined, channelized fan provides a well‐defined boundary condition. The channel changes from deep and entrenched at the fan apex to shallow and depositional over a short distance, exhibiting nonequilibrium behavior. The resulting gravel‐fining profile is not self‐similar; the particle size distribution narrows until approximate equal mobility is achieved. Downfan, the gravel‐sand transition appears to exhibit a self‐similar form; field and laboratory data collapse when downstream distance is normalized by the location of the transition. Results suggest a generalized sorting profile for alluvial fans as a consequence of the threshold of motion and nonequilibrium channels.
Biases in southern hemisphere climate trends induced by coarsely specifying the temporal resolution of stratospheric ozone
Authors: Neely R. R. , Marsh D. R. , Smith K. L. , Davis S. M. , Polvani L. M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractGlobal climate models that do not include interactive middle atmosphere chemistry, such as most of those contributing to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5, typically specify stratospheric ozone using monthly mean, zonal mean values and linearly interpolate to the time resolution of the model. We show that this method leads to significant biases in the simulated climate of the southern hemisphere (SH) over the late twentieth century. Previous studies have attributed similar biases in simulated SH climate change to the effect of the spatial smoothing of the specified ozone, i.e., to using zonal mean concentrations. We here show that the bias in climate trends due to undersampling of the rapid temporal changes in ozone during the seasonal evolution of the Antarctic ozone hole is considerable and reaches all the way into the troposphere. Our results suggest that the bias can be substantially reduced by specifying daily ozone concentrations.
Anthropogenic pressure on the open ocean: The growth of ship traffic revealed by altimeter data analysis
Authors: Tournadre J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMarine ecosystems are under increasing anthropogenic pressures from marine and terrestrial activities. Ship traffic, the major cause of change in the open ocean, and its temporal evolution are still largely unknown because of lack of data. Altimeter data provide a new powerful tool to detect and monitor the ship traffic through a method of analysis of echo waveform. The archive of seven altimeter missions has been processed to create a two decade database of ship locations. The estimated annual density maps compare well with the ones obtained from Automatic Identification System. The ship traffic analysis shows a global fourfold growth between 1992 and 2012, the largest increase being observed in the Indian Ocean and the Chinese seas reflecting the world trade change. Although mainly concentrated along lanes, the traffic has a direct impact on the atmosphere, e.g., on the growth of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide in the Indian Ocean.
Finite difference modeling of coherent wave amplification in the Earth's radiation belts
Authors: Harid V. , Gołkowski M. , Bell T. , Li J. D. , Inan U. S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractModeling of gyroresonant wave‐particle interactions in the radiation belts requires solving the Vlasov‐Maxwell system of equations in an inhomogenous background geomagnetic field. Previous works have employed particle‐in‐cell methods or Eulerian solvers (such as the Vlasov Hybrid Simulation code) to provide numerical solutions to the problem. In this report, we provide an alternative numerical approach by utilizing a first order finite difference upwind scheme. When coupled to the narrowband Maxwell's equations, the model reproduces linear as well as nonlinear wave growth of coherent signals. Wave growth is nonlinear growth when the wave amplitude exceeds the minimum value for phase trapping of counterstreaming particles and is linear otherwise. The model also demonstrates free‐running frequency variation for a case with a high linear growth rate. In addition, the model confirms the theoretical prediction of a stable “phase‐space hole” during the nonlinear growth process. The plasma parameters and L shell used in this study are typical of those associated with the Siple Station wave injection experiment.
Evolution of relativistic outer belt electrons during an extended quiescent period
Authors: Jaynes A. N. , Li X. , Schiller Q. G. , Blum L. W. , Tu W. , Turner D. L. , Ni B. , Bortnik J. , Baker D. N. , Kanekal S. G. , Blake J. B. , Wygant J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTo effectively study loss due to hiss‐driven precipitation of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt, it is useful to isolate this loss by studying a time of relatively quiet geomagnetic activity. We present a case of initial enhancement and slow, steady decay of 700 keV–2 MeV electron populations in the outer radiation belt during an extended quiescent period from ∼15 December 2012 to 13 January 2013. We incorporate particle measurements from a constellation of satellites, including the Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment (CSSWE) CubeSat, the Van Allen Probes twin spacecraft, and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS), to understand the evolution of the electron populations across pitch angle and energy. Additional data from calculated phase space density, as well as hiss and chorus wave data from Van Allen Probes, help complete the picture of the slow precipitation loss of relativistic electrons during a quiet time. Electron loss to the atmosphere during this event is quantified through use of the Loss Index Method, utilizing CSSWE measurements at low Earth orbit. By comparing these results against equatorial Van Allen Probes electron flux data, we conclude the net precipitation loss of the outer radiation belt content to be greater than 92%, suggesting no significant acceleration during this period, and resulting in faster electron loss rates than have previously been reported.
WTG cloud modeling with spectral decomposition of heating
Authors: Herman Michael J. , Raymond David J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA modified form of the relaxed weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation is described and implemented in a cloud resolving model. In this scheme, the vertical heating profile is spectrally decomposed into normal modes. The relaxation time scale of each mode is set proportional to the corresponding vertical wave number of the mode, as would be expected if gravity waves were responsible for the relaxation. Buoyancy adjustment exhibits greater realism than in conventional relaxed WTG, with nonlocal adjustment occurring as in the weak pressure gradient model of Romps. Furthermore, no boundary layer taper is needed when using the improved scheme. Experiments from the literature are revisited; mass flux profiles are smoother and multiple equilibrium experiments are more robust.
Carbon tetrachloride [Air Monitoring Methods, 2012]
Authors: Tschickardt M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Published in the series
Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Air
, Vol. 13 (2012)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Pretreatment of the adsorption tubes

Solutions

Test atmospheres and calibration standards

Sampling and sample preparation

Operating conditions for gas chromatography

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Evaluation of the method

Reliability

Limit of quantification

Recovery

Storage stability

Capacity of the adsorbent

Interference

Quality assurance measures

Discussion
Triarylphosphate [Air Monitoring Methods in German Language, 2013]
Authors: Breuer D. , Werner S. , Friedrich C. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Luftanalysen
, 17. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2013

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Probenahme und Probenaufarbeitung

Chromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision und Wiederfindung

Bestimmungsgrenze

Lagerfähigkeit

Störeinflüsse
N
‐Methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone [Air Monitoring Methods, 2011]
Authors: Breuer D. , Hennig M. , Moritz A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Published in the series
Air Monitoring Methods
, Vol. 12 (2011)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Calibration standards

Sampling and sample preparation

Operating conditions for chromatography

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Evaluation of the method

Precision

Recovery

Limit of quantification

Storage stability

Interference

Blank values

Discussion
Addendum zu Ethylbenzol [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 2012]
Authors: Klotz K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractVeröffentlicht in der ReiheBiologische Arbeitsstoff‐Toleranz‐Werte (BAT‐Werte), Expositionsäquivalente für krebserzeugende Arbeitsstoffe (EKA), Biologische Leitwerte (BLW) und Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Referenzwerte (BAR), 17. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2012Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:ReevaluierungEvaluierungInterpretation
1‐Brompropan [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 2011]
Authors: Göen T. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractVeröffentlicht in der ReiheBiologische Arbeitsstoff‐Toleranz‐Werte (BAT‐Werte), Expositionsäquivalente für krebserzeugende Arbeitsstoffe (EKA), Biologische Leitwerte (BLW) und Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Referenzwerte (BAR), 18. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2011Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:Metabolismus und ToxikokinetikKritische ToxizitätBelastung und BeanspruchungBeziehung zwischen äußerer und innerer BelastungBeziehung zwischen innerer Belastung und BeanspruchungAuswahl der IndikatorenUntersuchungsmethodenHintergrundbelastungEvaluierungInterpretation
Addendum zu 2,4,6‐Trinitrotoluol (und Isomeren in technischen Gemischen) [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 2012]
Authors: Klotz K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractVeröffentlicht in der ReiheBiologische Arbeitsstoff‐Toleranz‐Werte (BAT‐Werte), Expositionsäquivalente für krebserzeugende Arbeitsstoffe (EKA), Biologische Leitwerte (BLW) und Biologische Arbeitsstoff‐Referenzwerte (BAR), 17. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2012Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:Reevaluierung der BAR
Mercapturic acids (N‐acetyl‐S‐2‐carbamoylethyl‐L‐cysteine, N‐acetyl‐S‐2‐hydroxyethyl‐L‐cysteine, N‐acetyl‐S‐3‐hydroxypropyl‐L‐cysteine, N‐acetyl‐S‐2‐hydroxypropyl‐L‐cysteine, N‐acetyl‐S‐(N‐methylcarbamoyl)‐L‐cysteine) in urine [Biomonitoring Methods, 2013]
Authors: Schettgen Th. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Published in the series
Biomonitoring Methods
, Vol. 13 (2013)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Internal standards

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Specimen collection

Sample preparation

Operational parameters

Operational parameters for high‐performance liquid chromatography

Operational conditions for mass spectrometry

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Standardisation and quality control

Evaluation of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Absolute recovery

Matrix effects

Stability of the analytes

Detection limits and quantitation limits

Sources of error

Discussion of the method

Appendix
Thiocyanat in Plasma und Speichel [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2012]
Authors: Riedel K. , Hagedorn H. W. , Scherer G. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractVeröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 20. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2012Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:Grundlage des VerfahrensGeräte, Chemikalien und LösungenGeräteChemikalienLösungenVergleichsstandardsProbenahme und ProbenaufbereitungInstrumentelle ArbeitsbedingungenUV‐spektroskopische ArbeitsbedingungenAnalytische BestimmungAufteilung der MikrotiterplatteTestablaufPhotometrische BestimmungKalibrierungBerechnung der AnalysenergebnisseStandardisierung der Messergebnisse und QualitätssicherungBeurteilung des VerfahrensPräzisionRichtigkeitNachweis‐ und BestimmungsgrenzeStöreinflüsseDiskussion der Methode
Arsenic (total) in urine [Biomonitoring Methods, 2013]
Authors: Heitland P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPublished in the seriesBiomonitoring Methods, Vol. 13 (2013)The article contains sections titled:General principlesEquipment, chemicals and solutionsEquipmentChemicalsSolutionsCalibration standardsSpecimen collection and sample preparationOperational parametersSample introduction and plasma settingsOperational parameters for mass spectrometryAnalytical determinationCalibrationCalculation of the analytical resultStandardisation and quality controlEvaluation of the methodPrecisionAccuracyDetection limit and quantitation limitSources of errorDiscussion of the methodAppendix
Clinical Outcomes and Progression to Orthopedic Surgery in Juvenile‐ Versus Adult‐Onset Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Jadon Deepak R. , Shaddick Gavin , Jobling Amelia , Ramanan Athimalaipet V. , Sengupta Raj 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveJuvenile‐ and adult‐onset ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are subtypes of AS that may have different clinical outcomes. We compared cohorts of juvenile‐onset AS and adult‐onset AS in terms of clinical characteristics, clinical outcomes, proceeding to AS‐related orthopedic surgery, and type of orthopedic surgery.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted of all AS patients attending a teaching hospital. Demographics, clinical parameters, and history of AS‐related orthopedic surgery to the spine, root, or peripheral joints were recorded. Differences between surgery for juvenile‐ and adult‐onset AS patients, and effects of covariates were assessed using logistic regression and survival analyses.ResultsA total of 553 AS patients were studied: 162 juvenile‐onset AS and 391 adult‐onset AS cases. After adjusting for significant covariates, adult‐onset AS cases were less likely to proceed to surgery (odds ratio [OR] 0.31, P < 0.001), have a hip procedure (resurfacing or arthroplasty; OR 0.374, P = 0.001), and have hip arthroplasty (OR 0.43, P = 0.01). Significant differences were also observed when comparing Kaplan‐Meier survival curves (P = 0.001) and using Cox proportional hazards regression (P = 0.002). A history of smoking was not associated with surgery. AS cases with older age at symptom onset were far less likely to have surgery than those with younger onset, in a nonlinear manner.ConclusionJuvenile‐onset AS cases are more likely than adult‐onset AS cases to proceed to hip arthroplasty, but equally likely to have hip resurfacing and hip arthroplasty revision/re‐revisions. Smoking was not associated with the risk of orthopedic surgery. Orthopedic surgery was unlikely after 40 years of disease in both subsets.
Work‐related concussion surveillance
Authors: Slavova Svetla , Bunn Terry L. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to use multiple state‐based data sources (emergency department [ED] visits, hospital discharge [HD] data, and workers' compensation [WC] data) to estimate the 2011 work‐related concussion injury rate in Kentucky.MethodsDeterministic data linkages between the 2011 WC data and ED/HD data were performed. Annual crude rates of work‐related concussions per 100,000 employed civilians age 16 years or older were reported.ResultsUsing the three data sources, the 2011 work‐related concussion crude rate was 31.8/100,000, higher for men (38.8/100,000) than for women (24.1/100,000). The use of WC data alone resulted in an estimated rate of only 11.7/100,000. ED data utilization alone resulted in a rate of 21.7/100,000.ConclusionThis study's primary recommendation is to use WC, ED, and HD data on a routine basis as part of multiple data source surveillance for work‐related concussion injuries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:40–45, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cellular comparison of sinus mucosa vs polyp tissue from a single sinus cavity in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ho Jacqueline , Bailey Michelle , Zaunders John , Mrad Nadine , Sacks Raymond , Sewell William , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundNasal polyposis is a common development in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and sinus mucosa and polyp tissue have been used interchangeably in studies investigating CRS. However, potential differences may exist between these 2 tissue types, which have not been entirely characterized.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery was conducted. Sinus mucosal biopsies and corresponding polyp tissue were obtained from the same sinus cavity via flow cytometry, single‐cell suspensions identified type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), CD4 and CD8 T cells, activated CD4 and CD8 T cells, plasma cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), regulatory T cells, T follicular helper cells, B cells, and immunoglobulin A (IgA)+ and IgG+ B cells. Cells were measured as a percentage of CD45+ cells. Paired nonparametric comparisons between sinus and polyp tissue were performed.ResultsTen patients (50% female; age 48 ± 16 years) were recruited. Significantly elevated ILC2 levels were found in polyp tissue compared to sinus mucosa (0.12 [0.07 to 0.23] vs 0.07 [0.04 to 0.16], p = 0.02), as well as plasma cells (2.25 [0.84 to 3.68] vs 1.18 [0.74 to 2.41], p = 0.01); pDCs (0.15 [0.12 to 0.50[ vs 0.04 [0.02 to 0.17], p = 0.03); activated CD8 T cells (29.22 [17.60 to 41.43] vs 16.32 [10.07 to 36.16], p = 0.04) and IgG+ B cells (6.96 [0.06 to 11.82] vs 1.51 [0.38 to 5.13], p = 0.04). Other cell populations showed no significant differences.ConclusionPolyps have a similar cellular composition to that of mucosa. Higher levels of ILC2s, plasma cells, pDCs, activated CD8 T cells, and IgG+ B cells in polyp tissue may be reflective of cell populations driving nasal polyp development. The cellular machinery of CRS is present in polyps and representative of the disease process. This pilot study strongly suggests that a larger study would provide significant insights into the relationship of sinus mucosa to pathogenesis of nasal polyps.
A comparative analysis of sinonasal and salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma using population‐based data
Authors: Patel Tapan D. , Vázquez Alejandro , Patel Dhruv M. , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundMucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common salivary gland (SG) malignancy. Primary sinonasal MEC (SN‐MEC) is rare. This study analyzes the demographic, clinicopathologic, and survival characteristics of SN‐MEC and establishes comparisons with primary major SG‐MEC.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1973 to 2010) was queried for SN‐MEC (149 cases) and SG‐MEC (4234 cases). Data were analyzed comparatively with respect to various demographic and clinicopathologic factors. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsMean ± standard deviation (SD) age at diagnosis for SN‐MEC was 58.6 ± 16.6 years. High histologic grade (ie, grades III and IV) at the time of diagnosis was more common among SN‐MEC than SG‐MEC (42.3% vs 25.5%, p < 0.0001). Overall 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) was 61.7% for SN‐MEC and 84.1% for SG‐MEC (p < 0.001). For SN‐MEC, factors associated with poor prognosis were age (75+ years; hazard ratio [HR], 3.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25 to 9.51), higher tumor grade (grade III and IV; HR, 3.62; 95% CI, 1.75 to 8.22), larger tumor size (>4 cm; HR, 8.36, 95% CI, 1.59 to 153.74), and primary tumor site (ethmoid sinus; HR, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.28 to 6.23) (all p < 0.05). Survival was better among those treated with surgery (with [64.4% survival] or without [81.3% survival] adjuvant radiation therapy) than those treated with primary radiation therapy alone (25.6% survival) (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis report represents the largest series of SN‐MEC to date. Although SN‐MEC and SG‐MEC share a common histology, there are important clinical differences between the 2 conditions.