bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the secondary endodontic lesions focusing on the extraradicular microorganisms: an overview
Authors: Del Fabbro Massimo , Samaranayake Lakshman P. , Lolato Alessandra , Weinstein Tommaso , Taschieri Silvio 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe present study aimed at reviewing the literature on extraradicular infections of endodontically treated teeth, summarizing the main hypotheses on etiopathogenesis and describing the most suitable techniques to identify the composition of pathogenic extraradicular microorganisms. Medline database was searched using the keywords “Apical biofilm,” “extraradicular infection,” “secondary endodontic lesion,” “endodontic retreatment,” “biofilm” either alone or combined with AND. A further hand search was performed on the main endodontic journals. The most frequent bacterial species identified in different studies and with different techniques may vary considerably. Although the presence of some species of microorganisms seems to be determinant, the true origin of extraradicular infection is still undetermined. The literature analysis showed marked differences in methodology, materials, aims, and techniques adopted, which led to highly heterogeneous outcomes. The picture emerging from this review is that extraradicular infection is likely a multifactorial disease that requires further systematic investigation using standardized techniques.
Unfolded protein response to global ischemia following 48 h of reperfusion in the rat brain: the effect of age and meloxicam
Authors: Llorente Irene L. , Burgin Taiana C. , Pérez‐Rodríguez Diego , Martínez‐Villayandre Beatriz , Pérez‐García Carlos C. , Fernández‐López Arsenio 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe unfolded protein response (UPR) in the hippocampal regions Cornu Ammonis 1 hippocampal region, Cornu Ammonis 3 hippocampal region, and dentate gyrus, as well as in the cerebral cortex of 3‐month‐old and 18‐month‐old rats were studied in a model of 15 min of global cerebral ischemia followed by 48 h of reperfusion. UPR was measured by quantifying the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), C/EBP‐homologous protein (CHOP), GRP78 and GRP94 transcripts using qPCR and the amounts of PDI and GRP78 by western blot. The study shows how the mRNA levels of these genes were similar in 3‐month‐old and 18‐month‐old sham‐operated animals, but the ischemic insult elicited a noticeable increase in the expression of these genes in young animals that was scarcely appreciable in older animals. The striking increase in the mRNA levels of these genes in 3‐month‐old animals was abolished or even reverted by treatment with meloxicam, an anti‐inflammatory agent. Western blot assays showed that the UPR was still detectable 48 h after ischemia in some of the studied areas, and provided evidence that the UPR is different between young and older animals. Western blot assays carried out in young animals also showed that meloxicam elicited different effects on the levels of PDI and GRP78 in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. We conclude that the UPR response to ischemic/reperfusion insult is age‐ and probably inflammation‐dependent and could play an important role in ischemic vulnerability. The UPR appears to be strongly decreased in aged animals, suggesting a reduced ability for cell survival.
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In this study, we conclude that the unfolded protein response (UPR) to ischemic/reperfusion insult is age‐ and probably inflammation‐dependent and could play an important role in ischemic vulnerability. The UPR strongly decreased in aged rats, suggesting a reduced ability for cell survival. The increase in the mRNA levels of UPR gene transcripts in 3‐month‐old animals was abolished or even reverted by treatment with meloxicam, an anti‐inflammatory agent.
Developmental Hypothyroxinaemia Induced by Maternal Mild Iodine Deficiency Delays Hippocampal Axonal Growth in the Rat Offspring
Authors: Wei W. , Wang Y. , Wang Y. , Dong J. , Min H. , Song B. , Teng W. , Xi Q. , Chen J. 
Published: June 2013

Iodine is essential for the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Thyroid hormones are important for central nervous system development. Mild maternal iodine deficiency (ID)‐induced hypothyroxinaemia causes neurological deficits and mental retardation of the foetus. However, the detailed mechanism underlying these deficits is still largely unknown. Given that the growth‐associated protein of 43 kDa (GAP‐43), semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) and the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)/collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) pathway are essential for axonal development, we hypothesise that hippocampal axonal growth‐related proteins may be impaired, which may contribute to hippocampal axonal growth delay in rat offspring exposed to maternal hypothyroxinaemia. To test this hypothesis, maternal hypothyroxinaemia models were established in Wistar rats using a mild ID diet. Besides a negative control group, two maternal hypothyroidism models were created with either a severe ID diet or methimazole in the water. Our results showed that maternal hypothyroxinaemia exposure delayed offspring axonal growth on gestational day 19, postnatal day (PN) 7, PN14 and PN21. Consistent with this, the mean intensity of hippocampal CRMP2 and Tau1 immunofluorescence axonal protein was reduced in the mild ID group. Moreover, maternal hypothyroxinaemia disrupted expressions of GAP‐43 and Sema3A. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of GSK3β and CRMP2 was also affected in the treated offspring, implying a potential mechanism by which hypothyroxinaemia‐exposure affects neurodevelopment. Taken together, our data support the hypothesis that maternal hypothyroxinaemia may impair axonal growth of the offspring.
Sex differences in objective measures of sleep in post‐traumatic stress disorder and healthy control subjects
Authors: Richards Anne , Metzler Thomas J. , Ruoff Leslie M. , Inslicht Sabra S. , Rao Madhu , Talbot Lisa S. , Neylan Thomas C. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryA growing literature shows prominent sex effects for risk for post‐traumatic stress disorder and associated medical comorbid burden. Previous research indicates that post‐traumatic stress disorder is associated with reduced slow wave sleep, which may have implications for overall health, and abnormalities in rapid eye movement sleep, which have been implicated in specific post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms, but most research has been conducted in male subjects. We therefore sought to compare objective measures of sleep in male and female post‐traumatic stress disorder subjects with age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects. We used a cross‐sectional, 2 × 2 design (post‐traumatic stress disorder/control × female/male) involving83 medically healthy, non‐medicated adults aged 19–39 years in the inpatient sleep laboratory. Visual electroencephalographic analysis demonstrated that post‐traumatic stress disorder was associated with lower slow wave sleep duration (F(3,82) = 7.63, P = 0.007) and slow wave sleep percentage (F(3,82) = 6.11, P = 0.016). There was also a group × sex interaction effect for rapid eye movement sleep duration (F(3,82) = 4.08, P = 0.047) and rapid eye movement sleep percentage (F(3,82) = 4.30, P = 0.041), explained by greater rapid eye movement sleep in post‐traumatic stress disorder females compared to control females, a difference not seen in male subjects. Quantitative electroencephalography analysis demonstrated that post‐traumatic stress disorder was associated with lower energy in the delta spectrum (F(3,82) = 6.79, P = 0.011) in non‐rapid eye movement sleep. Slow wave sleep and delta findings were more pronounced in males. Removal of post‐traumatic stress disorder subjects with comorbid major depressive disorder, who had greater post‐traumatic stress disorder severity, strengthened delta effects but reduced rapid eye movement effects to non‐significance. These findings support previous evidence that post‐traumatic stress disorder is associated with impairment in the homeostatic function of sleep, especially in men with the disorder. These findings suggest that group × sex interaction effects on rapid eye movement may occur with more severe post‐traumatic stress disorder or with post‐traumatic stress disorder comorbid with major depressive disorder.
Low Back Pain in a Natural Disaster
Authors: Angeletti Chiara , Guetti Cristiana , Ursini Maria L. , Taylor Robert , Papola Roberta , Petrucci Emiliano , Ciccozzi Alessandra , Paladini Antonella , Marinangeli Franco , Pergolizzi Joseph , Varrassi Giustino 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLow back pain is usually self‐limited. The transition from acute to chronic LBP is influenced by physical and psychological factors. Identification of all contributing factors, in a mass emergency setting, differentiating primary and secondary life‐threatening forms of LBP, is the best approach for success. Aims of the present report were to estimate the prevalence of LBP in population afferent to four advanced medical presidiums (AMPs) during postseismic emergency period and to evaluate frequency of use, types of pain killers administered to patients and short‐term efficacy of them.MethodsStudy was carried out in four AMPs during the first 5 weeks after the earthquake. Site, type of eventual trauma, pain intensity during LBP episode by Verbal Numerical Rating Scale (vNRS) were registered. Diagnosis of primary or secondary LBP was made on the basis of clinical features and therapeutic treatment was also analyzed.ResultsThe prevalence of acute LBP was 4.9% (95%, IC 3.7 to 6.4), among 958 first accesses to AMP, representing 14.1% (95%, IC 10.8 to 18.3) of cases on the total of 322 patients treated for all pain conditions. Episodes of relapsed LBP in chronic pre‐existing LBP represented the 40% (n = 19) of cases, while the first episode was present in 60% of patients (n = 28). Pain treatment was effective with a significant reduction in vNRS in short term evaluation.ConclusionsThe emotional stress induced by natural disaster tends to heighten norepinephrine and sympathetic nervous system activity, which may further amplify nociception through peripheral or central mechanisms that result in consistent prevalence of primary NSLBP and become potential risk factor for pain chronicization.
Music, perceived arousal, and intensity: Psychophysiological reactions to Chopin's “Tristesse”
Authors: Mikutta Christian Alexander , Schwab Simon , Niederhauser Sandra , Wuermle Othmar , Strik Werner , Altorfer Andreas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe present study investigates the relation of perceived arousal (continuous self‐rating), autonomic nervous system activity (heart rate, heart rate variability) and musical characteristics (sound intensity, musical rhythm) upon listening to a complex musical piece. Twenty amateur musicians listened to two performances of Chopin's “Tristesse” with different rhythmic shapes. Besides conventional statistical methods for analyzing psychophysiological reactions (heart rate, respiration rate) and musical variables, semblance analysis was used. Perceived arousal correlated strongly with sound intensity; heart rate showed only a partial response to changes in sound intensity. Larger changes in heart rate were caused by the version with more rhythmic tension. The low‐/high‐frequency ratio of heart rate variability increased—whereas the high frequency component decreased—during music listening. We conclude that autonomic nervous system activity can be modulated not only by sound intensity but also by the interpreter's use of rhythmic tension. Semblance analysis enables us to track the subtle correlations between musical and physiological variables.
The dissociation between theP3a event‐related potential and behavioral distraction
Authors: Wetzel Nicole , Schröger Erich , Widmann Andreas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUnexpected novel sounds can capture our attention and impair performance. Recent behavioral research revealed that only novel sounds that provided target‐related (but not task‐related) information impaired performance. This poses the question of the automaticity of novelty processing and its expression at the behavioral level. In an auditory‐visual oddball paradigm, the informational content of sounds regarding the time and probability of target occurrence was varied. Independent from the informational content, novel, and deviant sounds elicited theP3a, anERP‐component related to novelty processing. In contrast, impaired performance was only observed if target‐related information was provided. Results indicate that distractor sounds are automatically evaluated as potentially significant, but that the consequences for behavior depend on further processes such as the processing of the given information.
Invasion status and risk assessment for Salvia tiliifolia, a recently recognised introduction to China
Authors: Hu G X , Xiang C L , Liu E D 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThis study corrected the misidentification of an alien species, Salvia tiliifolia, which had been incorrectly identified as S. dugesii (a synonym of S. melissodora) in China. The distribution of S. tiliifolia in China was surveyed and it was inferred that it was probably introduced into Kunming, Yunnan in the 1990s and then spread to adjacent counties of Yunnan and south‐western Sichuan Province. The Australian weed risk assessment (WRA) was used to evaluate its invasive status. To determine the validity of Australian WRA in China, another 25 exotics representing casual alien plants, naturalised plants and invasive plants were tested. The Australian WRA was validated as a legitimate approach in China. Salvia tiliifolia scored 14, falling into the category of invasive plants. While the distribution of S. tiliifolia is currently restricted to Yunnan and a small part of Sichuan and the species has not displayed an adverse impact on local environments yet, the WRA results indicated that the species was a high risk plant. It was recommended that local land managers should monitor this species and take measures to stop its continuing expansion or eradicate it if possible.
FusionArc optimization: A hybrid volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning strategy
Authors: Matuszak Martha M. , Steers Jennifer M. , Long Troy , McShan Daniel L. , Fraass Benedick A. , Edwin Romeijn H. , Ten Haken Randall K. 
Published: June 2013

Purpose:To introduce a hybrid volumetric modulated arc therapy/intensity modulated radiation therapy (VMAT/IMRT) optimization strategy called FusionArc that combines the delivery efficiency of single‐arc VMAT with the potentially desirable intensity modulation possible with IMRT.Methods:A beamlet‐based inverse planning system was enhanced to combine the advantages of VMAT and IMRT into one comprehensive technique. In the hybrid strategy, baseline single‐arc VMAT plans are optimized and then the current cost function gradients with respect to the beamlets are used to define a metric for predicting which beam angles would benefit from further intensity modulation. Beams with the highest metric values (called the gradient factor) are converted from VMAT apertures to IMRT fluence, and the optimization proceeds with the mixed variable set until convergence or until additional beams are selected for conversion. One phantom and two clinical cases were used to validate the gradient factor and characterize the FusionArc strategy. Comparisons were made between standard IMRT, single‐arc VMAT, and FusionArc plans with one to five IMRT/hybrid beams.Results:The gradient factor was found to be highly predictive of the VMAT angles that would benefit plan quality the most from beam modulation. Over the three cases studied, a FusionArc plan with three converted beams achieved superior dosimetric quality with reductions in final cost ranging from 26.4% to 48.1% compared to single‐arc VMAT. Additionally, the three beam FusionArc plans required 22.4%–43.7% fewer MU/Gy than a seven beam IMRT plan. While the FusionArc plans with five converted beams offer larger reductions in final cost—32.9%–55.2% compared to single‐arc VMAT—the decrease in MU/Gy compared to IMRT was noticeably smaller at 12.2%–18.5%, when compared to IMRT.Conclusions:A hybrid VMAT/IMRT strategy was implemented to find a high quality compromise between gantry‐angle and intensity‐based degrees of freedom. This optimization method will allow patients to be simultaneously planned for dosimetric quality and delivery efficiency without switching between delivery techniques. Example phantom and clinical cases suggest that the conversion of only three VMAT segments to modulated beams may result in a good combination of quality and efficiency.
Complete Genome Sequence of Early Passaged Human Herpesvirus 6A (GS Strain) Isolated from North America
Authors: Gravel Annie , Ablashi Dharam , Flamand Louis 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
The genome sequence of the original human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) (GS isolate) has never been determined. DNA from a very low passage (<5 times) HHV-6A GS stock was isolated and sequenced, making it the first HHV-6A of U.S. origin to be fully sequenced. Such a sequence will be helpful for comparative analysis with other HHV-6A strains, including the U1102 strain isolated from Uganda.
Draft Genome Sequence of Arthrobacter gangotriensis Strain Lz1y
T
, Isolated from a Penguin Rookery Soil Sample Collected in Antarctica, near the Indian Station Dakshin Gangotri
Authors: Shivaji Sisinthy , Ara Sreenivas , Bandi Sunil , Singh Aditya , Kumar Pinnaka Anil 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

We report here the 4.3-Mb genome of
Arthrobacter gangotriensis
strain Lz1y
T
, isolated from a penguin rookery soil sample collected in Antarctica, near the Indian station Dakshin Gangotri.
Targeting ROR1 Inhibits Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis
Authors: Cui Bing , Zhang Suping , Chen Liguang , Yu Jianqiang , Widhopf George F. , Fecteau Jessie-F. , Rassenti Laura Z. , Kipps Thomas J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMetastasis is responsible for 90% of cancer-related deaths. Strategies are needed that can inhibit the capacity of cancer cells to migrate across the anatomic barriers and colonize distant organs. Here, we show an association between metastasis and expression of a type I receptor tyrosine kinase–like orphan receptor, ROR1, which is expressed during embryogenesis and by various cancers, but not by normal postpartum tissues. We found that expression of ROR1 associates with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which occurs during embryogenesis and cancer metastasis. Breast adenocarcinomas expressing high levels of ROR1 were more likely to have gene expression signatures associated with EMT and had higher rates of relapse and metastasis than breast adenocarcinomas expressing low levels of ROR1. Suppressing expression of ROR1 in metastasis-prone breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231, HS-578T, or BT549, attenuated expression of proteins associated with EMT (e.g., vimentin, SNAIL-1/2, and ZEB1), enhanced expression of E-cadherin, epithelial cytokeratins (e.g., CK-19), and tight junction proteins (e.g., ZO-1), and impaired their migration/invasion capacity in vitro and the metastatic potential of MDA-MB-231 cells in immunodeficient mice. Conversely, transfection of MCF-7 cells to express ROR1 reduced expression of E-cadherin and CK-19, but enhanced the expression of SNAIL-1/2 and vimentin. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 with a monoclonal antibody specific for ROR1 induced downmodulation of vimentin and inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo. Collectively, this study indicates that ROR1 may regulate EMT and metastasis and that antibodies targeting ROR1 can inhibit cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Res; 73(12); 3649–60. ©2013 AACR.
Global Increase in Task-related Fronto-parietal Activity after Focal Frontal Lobe Lesion
Authors: Woolgar Alexandra , Bor Daniel , Duncan John 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
A critical question for neuropsychology is how complex brain networks react to damage. Here, we address this question for the well-known executive control or multiple-demand (MD) system, a fronto-parietal network showing increased activity with many different kinds of cognitive demand, including standard tests of fluid intelligence. Using fMRI, we ask how focal frontal lobe damage affects MD activity during a standard fluid intelligence task. Despite poor behavioral performance, frontal patients showed increased fronto-parietal activity relative to controls. The activation difference was not accounted for by difference in IQ. Moreover, rather than specific focus on perilesional or contralesional cortex, additional recruitment was distributed throughout the MD regions and surrounding cortex and included parietal MD regions distant from the injury. The data suggest that, following local frontal lobe damage, there is a global compensatory recruitment of an adaptive and integrated fronto-parietal network.
Pharmacologically Increasing Sleep Spindles Enhances Recognition for Negative and High-arousal Memories
Authors: Kaestner Erik J. , Wixted John T. , Mednick Sara C. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Sleep affects declarative memory for emotional stimuli differently than it affects declarative memory for nonemotional stimuli. However, the interaction between specific sleep characteristics and emotional memory is not well understood. Recent studies on how sleep affects emotional memory have focused on rapid eye movement sleep (REM) but have not addressed non-REM sleep, particularly sleep spindles. This is despite the fact that sleep spindles are implicated in declarative memory as well as neural models of memory consolidation (e.g., hippocampal neural replay). Additionally, many studies examine a limited range of emotional stimuli and fail to disentangle differences in memory performance because of variance in valence and arousal. Here, we experimentally increase non-REM sleep features, sleep spindle density, and SWS, with pharmacological interventions using zolpidem (Ambien) and sodium oxybate (Xyrem) during daytime naps. We use a full spread of emotional stimuli to test all levels of valence and arousal. We find that increasing sleep spindle density increases memory discrimination (da) for highly arousing and negative stimuli without altering measures of bias (ca). These results indicate a broader role for sleep in the processing of emotional stimuli with differing effects based on arousal and valence, and they raise the possibility that sleep spindles causally facilitate emotional memory consolidation. These findings are discussed in terms of the known use of hypnotics in individuals with emotional mood disorders.