bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Optical Card
Authors: Langer M. , Buitrago-Téllez C. H. , Schulze C. , Gufler H. , Mundinger A. , Kommos F. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To assess a patient-oriented digital optical card (OC) for documentation and communication of images using the analysis of breast microcalcifications to illustrate its resolution power. Methods: Fifty film mammograms with histologically proved clustered microcalcifications were digitized using a 5 lp/mm CCD-scanner. A region of interest containing the cluster was selected for documentation on an OC as an overview OC-image and as a magnified OC-image (5 lp/mm). The shape (spherical/nonspherical) as well as the total number of microcalcifications were quantitatively analyzed by 2 radiologists. Results: The detection rate for total number of overall and spherical microcalcifications using digital media was significantly reduced (p<0.01) compared to analog mammography. There were no significant differences in the detection rate of nonspherical microcalcifications between film mammograms (100%) and magnified section OC-images (92.7%). The overview OC-image revealed 72% of those calcifications (p<0.01). Conclusion: According to our results, this technology is not appropriate for diagnosis of breast microcalcifications, but may be a promising communication digital medium for transmitting an image/report unit to referring physicians.
Rater Agreement in Lung Scintigraphy
Authors: Christiansen F. , Andersson T. , Rydman H. , Qvarner N. , Måre K. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: The PIOPED criteria in their original and revised forms are today's standards in the interpretation of ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy. When the PIOPED criteria are used by experienced raters with training in consensus interpretation, the agreement rates have been demonstrated to be excellent. Our purpose was to investigate the rates of agreement between 2 experienced raters from different hospitals who had no training in consensus interpretation. Material and Methods: The 2 raters investigated a population of 195 patients. This group included 72 patients from a previous study who had an intermediate probability of pulmonary embolism and who had also been examined by pulmonary angiography. Results: The results demonstrated moderate agreement rates with a kappa value of 0.54 (0.45–0.63 in a 95% confidence interval), which is similar to the kappa value of the PIOPED study but significantly lower than the kappa values of agreement rates among consensus-trained raters. There was a low consistency in the intermediate probability category, with a proportional agreement rate of 0.39 between the experienced raters. Conclusion: The moderate agreement rates between raters from different hospitals make it difficult to compare study populations of a certain scintigraphic category in different hospitals. Further investigations are mandatory for accurate diagnosis when the scintigrams are in the category of intermediate probability of pulmonary embolism.
A Classification of Healthcare Facilities
Authors: Ahmed Tarek M. F. , Rajagopalan Priyadarsini , Fuller Robert 
Published: June 2015

Objective In the literature, there is no consistent classification of healthcare facilities. In order to benchmark, assess, and compare the environmental performance of these buildings, it is important to clearly identify the typology within the scope of a particular research. This article identifies the different typologies within the healthcare sector, particularly in Australia, with the aim of the development of energy performance benchmarks for day surgery/procedure centers. Background Healthcare buildings encompass a wide range of facilities. They all share the same purpose of healing and offering a health service for patients. However, they vary significantly in terms of patient type and service provided. These buildings consume a considerable amount of energy, and as a result of the different designs and sizes, their pattern of energy consumption varies. Methods The research used a systematic review of the literature to determine how the term “healthcare facility” has been employed in different contexts. In order to better understand the differences in healthcare facilities, definitions and the origin of hospitals and healthcare facilities are introduced and a framework for the classification of healthcare facilities and hospitals is proposed. Results Healthcare facilities are classified into the following six categories: patient type, care provided, management and ownership, level of care, facility size, and location. Based on these classifications, a categorization for the studies of energy performance in healthcare is introduced. Conclusions This study provides a basis for assessment and comparison for a particular healthcare building typology that will assist researchers working in the field of design and energy assessment of healthcare facilities.
Concomitant use of two or more antipsychotic drugs is common in Sweden
Authors: Bergendal Annica , Schiöler Helena , Wettermark Björn , Björkstén Karin Sparring 
Published: June 2015

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of concomitant use of two or more antipsychotic drugs and other psychotropic drugs in the Swedish population. Methods: Data for this observational cohort study were collected from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register including all dispensed drugs to the entire Swedish population (9.4 million inhabitants). We identified all individuals with at least one dispensed prescription of antipsychotic drug during January to June 2008. After 12 months, a second exposure period was chosen. Individuals who were dispensed two or more antipsychotic drugs in both periods were considered long-time users of antipsychotic polypharmacy. Results: In 2008, 1.5% of the Swedish population was dispensed antipsychotic drugs, the majority (75%) using only one antipsychotic drug. Out of individuals who were dispensed 2 or more antipsychotic drugs during the first period, 62% also was also dispensed at least 2 antipsychotic drugs during the second period. A total of 665 different unique combinations were used in 2008. Individuals prescribed two or more antipsychotic drugs during both periods were more often dispensed anxiolytics and sedatives than those who were dispensed only one antipsychotic drug. Elderly were dispensed antipsychotic drugs much more often than younger persons. Conclusions: In Sweden, 25% of patients dispensed antipsychotic drugs receive a combination of two or more antipsychotic drugs. Individuals who are dispensed antipsychotic polypharmacy are more often dispensed anxiolytics and sedatives than those prescribed only one antipsychotic drug. Long-term observational studies are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of such combinations.
Embedment of Methylene Blue in natural and synthetic phillipsite
Authors: Kowalak Stanisław , Szyld Małgorzata , Jankowska Aldona , Zalewska Alina , Colella Abner , de Gennaro Bruno 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPhillipsite was crystallized from a high siliceous aluminosilicate mixture containing Zn cations and methylene blue (MB). The presence of MB did not affect the crystallization, but it resulted in a substantial amount of dye being anchored to the zeolite, despite its narrow channels. Dye-free synthetic phillipsite modified with MB solution showed markedly lower dye content, which, however was considerably higher than those in the MB-treated natural phillipsite and mordenite. The ultra violet/visible (UV-vis) spectra of the dye-modified synthetic phillipsites indicated the presence of MB monomers and oligomers, whereas the spectra of the modified natural zeolites showed protonated MB also. The electron spin resonance spectra of samples crystallized with MB indicated the presence of paramagnetic species.
Evaluation of the possible use of a Bulgarian clinoptilolite for removing strontium from water media
Authors: Lihareva N. , Petrov O. , Tzvetanova Y. , Kadiyski M. , Nikashina V.A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe sorption of Sr2+ ions by natural clinoptilolite was investigated using the batch method. The effects of pH, contact time and strontium concentrations were tested and the optimal conditions for sorption were determined. The process was very fast initially and equilibrium was reached within 24 h. Kinetic sorption data were fitted to pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models. The simple pseudo-second-order rate model provides good agreement with the experimental data for Sr2+ uptake. The respective rate constants, k2, calculated at different initial Sr2+ concentrations, were obtained. The equilibrium data were analysed by applying the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Raduchkevich isotherm models. The Langmuir model describes the observed Sr2+ uptake most accurately and the value of the monolayer sorption capacity is 32.81 mg Sr2+/g. The effect of Na+ ions and the effectiveness of uptake from low saline groundwater simulated solutions were also studied and discussed.
Comparison of two different folic acid doses with methotrexate – a randomized controlled trial (FOLVARI Study)
Authors: Dhir Varun , Sandhu Amit , Kaur Jasbinder , Pinto Benzeeta , Kumar Phani , Kaur Prabhdeep , Gupta Nidhi , Sood Ankita , Sharma Aman , Sharma Shefali 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
There is reasonable evidence that folic acid 5–10 mg per week leads to reduction in methotrexate (MTX) toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, this is based on studies conducted with lower MTX dosage than used currently. It is unclear whether higher doses of folic acid may be better in reducing toxicity.

Methods
This was a double-blind randomized controlled trial of 24 weeks duration. To be eligible, patients should have rheumatoid arthritis (1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria), be 18–75 years of age, not be on MTX and have active disease as defined by ‘Modified Disease Activity Score using three variables’ (DAS28(3)) > 3.2. MTX was started at 10 mg/week and escalated to 25 mg/week by 12 weeks. Folic acid was given at a dose of 10 mg (FA10) or 30 mg per week (FA30). Co-primary endpoints were incidence of toxicity (undesirable symptoms and laboratory abnormalities) and change in disease activity by 24 weeks. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were performed.

Results
Among 100 patients enrolled, 51 and 49 were randomized to FA10 and FA30 respectively. By 24 weeks, there were 6 patient withdrawals in either group and mean(±SD) dose of MTX was 22.8 ± 4.4 and 21.4 ± 4.6 mg per week (p = 0.1). Frequency of patients with undesirable symptoms was non-significantly lower by 7.4 % (95 % confidence interval −27.4 to 12.7 %) in FA10 compared to FA30. There was also no difference in frequency of transaminitis (>Upper limit of normal (ULN)) (42.6, 45.7 %, p = 0.7) or transminitis as per primary endpoint (>2xULN) (10.6, 8.7 %, p = 1.0) or cytopenias (4.3, 4.3 %, p = 0.9). There was no difference in the primary end-point of occurrence of any adverse effect (symptom or laboratory) in FA10 and FA30 (46.8, 54.3 %, p = 0.5). At 24 weeks, DAS28(3) declined in both groups by a similar extent (−1.1 ± 1.0, −1.3 ± 1.0, p = 0.2) and ‘European League Against Rheumatism’ good or moderate response occurred in 56.9 and 67.4 % (p = 0.3).

Conclusions
Even with the high doses of MTX used in current practice, there was no additional benefit (or harm) of a higher dose of folic acid (30 mg/week) over a usual dose (10 mg/week).

Trial Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01583959 Registered 15 March 2012
Geophysical investigation for the detection of liquefaction phenomena in an archaeological site, Lechaion, Greece
Authors: Apostolopoulos George , Minos-Minopoulos Despina , Pavlopoulos Kosmas 
Published: June 2015

The area of Lechaion located in the northeastern part of the Peloponnese (Greece) is of great archaeological interest because it represents the western harbor of ancient Corinth and includes the remains of an early Christian basilica destroyed during a series of earthquakes in the sixth century AD. Numerous depressions and buckling structures of circular and linear geometry observed on the decorated floor of the basilica are indicative of ground deformation processes possibly related to earthquake-induced ground liquefaction. Electromagnetic (with a conductivity meter), ground penetrating radar (GPR) (with 250 MHz shielded antenna), and electric (ERT) methods have been applied in an effort to study the properties of the substratum and to identify indicative features related to ground liquefaction phenomena. The electromagnetic survey that was used as a reconnaissance method with both coil orientations provided valuable information through data processing, identifying zones of higher conductivity that favor liquefaction, or even the detection of the features themselves. The GPR method detected vertical zones that could represent sand vents either directly with multiple diffractions or indirectly through severe wave attenuation and reduction of the anomaly intensity due to finer sand and increased water saturation. Finally, the ERT method detected layering and the geologic status of the survey area but more importantly, it successfully detected narrow vertical zones of lower resistivity at shallow depths corresponding to sand vents via distinct variations in grain size and permeability. This combination of geophysical methods has successfully detected the dominant trend of east-northeastern–west-southwestern direction and a minor vertical one of north-northwestern–south-southeastern direction of surface depressions caused by liquefaction and generally can successfully provide valuable information on the extent and characteristics of ground liquefaction features in areas of geotechnical or archaeological interest located in regions of intense seismic activity.
Le nouveau roman africain, au carrefour des langues et des dialectes
Authors: Serghini Jaouad 
Published: June 2015

One of the characteristics of the writing of the new generation of African writers is the substantial intrusion of the foreign language into the text. This intrusion, the consequence of linguistic mixing, brings us to the question of an identity that is between here and elsewhere. Indeed,
the insertion of the foreign language into the language of writing establishes a certain dialogue between the book’s readership and its socio-cultural background. As a result of these intrusions, the reader is plunged into the heart of another culture. The novel that makes its progress
through bilingualism draws upon popular inheritance, not in a vision of shrivelled realism, but rather in a particular relational poetics. The cohabitation of French and the other language, or the ‘bi-language’ as Khatibi called it, within the novel conceived as a space of free
writing, is in fact a form of this opening up of the word, a linguistic intertextuality that results in the space of the novel becoming a laboratory, which must take account of this state of mistrust towards the doxa. What then is this multilingualism? What reading should be given to this
linguistic dislocation? Should we inscribe it in a dialectical relationship with the language of writing?
Une des caractéristiques de l’écriture de la nouvelle génération des écrivains africains est l’intrusion massive de la langue étrangère
dans le texte. Cette intrusion qui s’inscrit dans un rapport de métissage linguistique redonne à penser la question de l’identité entre l’ici et l’ailleurs. En effet, l’insertion de la langue étrangère dans la langue d’écriture
instaure un certain dialogue entre le destinataire du livre et son milieu socioculturel. Par ces intrusions le lecteur est ainsi plongé au cœur de sa propre culture. Le roman qui effectue son cheminement à travers le bilinguisme convoque l’héritage populaire
non pas dans une vision de réalisme racorni mais plutôt dans un rapport de poétique relationnelle assez particulier. La cohabitation de la langue française et la langue-autre ou la ‘bi-langue’ comme l’avait baptisée Khatibi, au sein du roman
conçu tel un espace de l’écriture libre, est en fait une forme de cette béance au monde, une intertextualité linguistique qui fait que l’espace du roman se mue en un laboratoire qui rend compte de cet état de défiance vis-à-vis de
la doxa. Qu’en est-il de ce plurilinguisme ? Quelle lecture donner à cet éclatement linguistique ? Faut-il l’inscrire dans un rapport dialectique avec la langue d’écriture ?
Les écrivains francophones du Maghreb face à la langue française: Lingua franca ou ‘gueule du loup’?
Authors: Boudraa Nabil 
Published: June 2015

This article examines the position of Maghrebi Francophone writers vis-à-vis the French language in both colonial and postcolonial contexts. To some writers, using the language of the ‘Other’ is synonymous with what Frantz Fanon calls ‘alienation’. Consequently,
some writers simply stop writing altogether (as was the case for Malek Haddad). Others view French merely as a linguistic tool that they ‘borrow’ for their writing, since their native language (colloquial Arabic, for example) is not written. In this process of writing in French,
a clash takes place between the mother tongue and the borrowed language which, for scholars like Edouard Glissant and Abdelkébir Khatibi, makes way for new and very interesting phenomena. The Other’s language also functions as a liberating force for women’s writing; such
is the case of Assia Djebar. Last, but not least, this article examines how Kateb Yacine switches to another mode of creation (theatre), using the vernacular languages of everyday life, including derja and Kabyle.
Cet article analyse la position des écrivains francophones du Maghreb
par rapport à la langue française dans les contextes colonial et postcolonial. Pour certains d’entre eux, l’utilisation de la langue de l’Autre est synonyme d’aliénation (selon le terme de Frantz Fanon), et par conséquent, certains écrivains
abandonnent l’écriture, tel est le cas de Malek Haddad. Pour d’autres, le français n’est qu’un instrument linguistique qu’ils ‘empruntent’ pour leur écriture puisque leur(s) langue(s) maternelle(s) ne s’écri(ven)t
pas. Dans ce processus d’écriture en langue française, un choc s’opère entre le souffle de la langue maternelle et la langue d’emprunt, ce qui engendre des phénomènes nouveaux et très intéressants pour des intellectuels tels
Edouard Glissant et Abdelkébir Khatibi. La langue de l’Autre peut aussi fournir une force libératrice pour l’écriture des femmes; c’est le cas d’Assia Djebar. Kateb Yacine, quant à lui, fait un retour vers les langues que le peuple pratique
tous les jours, à savoir l’arabe dialectal et le kabyle, et ce par le biais du théâtre populaire.
Multilingual literature and official bilingualism in Cameroon: Francis Nyamnjoh’s A Nose for Money (2006) and Patrice Nganang’s Temps de chien (2001)
Authors: Baker Charlotte 
Published: June 2015

This article considers the literary comment of two contemporary Cameroonian writers on the mismatch between the official policy of bilingualism and the linguistic reality of what has been described as ‘one of the most multilingual countries on earth’. Francis Nyamnjoh and
Patrice Nganang write from opposite sides of Cameroon’s official language divide – Nyamnjoh’s A Nose for Money is written in English, and Nganang’s Temps de chien in French. However, the writers share a preoccupation with the question of language, as well as with the
sociopolitical realities of contemporary Cameroon. This article outlines the context against which the policy of official bilingualism was instituted in Cameroon, and considers the strategies adopted by Nyamnjoh and Nganang in order to portray the constraints of official bilingualism, drawing
on Edouard Glissant’s notion of multilingualism to understand the creative ways in which Nyamnjoh and Nganang express the multilingual reality of Cameroon in their literary texts.
Cet article considère le commentaire littéraire de deux écrivains camerounais contemporains
sur la disparité entre la politique officielle du bilinguisme officiel et la réalité linguistique d’un pays décrit comme ‘one of the most multilingual countries on earth’. Francis Nyamnjoh et Patrice Nganang écrivent des côtés
opposés de cette division linguistique officielle – A Nose for Money de Nyamnjoh est écrit en anglais et Temps de chien de Nganang en français. Cependant, les deux écrivains partagent une même préoccupation à l’égard des questions
linguistiques aussi que des réalités sociopolitiques du Cameroun contemporain. Cet article souligne le contexte contre lequel la politique du bilinguisme officiel a été instituée au Cameroun et considère les stratégies adoptées par Nyamnjoh
et Nganang afin de représenter les contraintes de ce bilinguisme, s’appuyant sur la notion de multilinguisme d’Edouard Glissant pour mieux comprendre les stratégies créatives adoptées par Nyamnjoh et Nganang afin d’exprimer la réalité
multilingue du Cameroun dans leur textes littéraires.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Pektas Ayhan , Olgunturk Rana , Cevik Ayhan , Terlemez Semiha , Kacar Emre , Oner Yusuf Ali 
Published: June 2015

The present study aims to determine the efficacy and reliability of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in establishing the diagnosis and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension in children.
This is a retrospective comparison of 25 children with pulmonary hypertension and a control group comprising 19 healthy children. The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension was made when the mean pulmonary artery pressure was ≥25 mmHg by catheter angiography.
The children with pulmonary hypertension had significantly lower body mass indices than did the healthy children (P=0.048). In addition, the children with pulmonary hypertension had significantly larger main pulmonary artery diameters and ascending aortic diameters (both P=0.001) but statistically similar ratios of main pulmonary artery diameter-to-ascending aortic diameter. If the main pulmonary artery diameter was ≥25 mm, pediatric pulmonary hypertension was diagnosed with 72% sensitivity and 84% specificity. In the event that the ratio of main pulmonary artery diameter-to-ascending aorta diameter was ≥1, pediatric pulmonary hypertension was diagnosed with 60% sensitivity and 53% specificity. When compared with children who had New York Heart Association functional class II pulmonary hypertension, the children with functional class III pulmonary hypertension had significantly larger main (P=0.046), right (P=0.036), and left (P=0.003) pulmonary arteries.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging is useful in the diagnosis of children with pulmonary hypertension. Pediatric pulmonary hypertension can be diagnosed with high sensitivity and specificity when the main pulmonary artery diameter measures ≥25 mm.
Unusual Presentation of Listerial Myocarditis and the Diagnostic Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Ladani Amit P. , Biswas Abhishek , Vaghasia Nishit , Generalovich Thomas 
Published: June 2015

Listeria monocytogenes is an infrequent cause of bacterial myocarditis. Myocarditis without evidence of endocarditis is even rarer. Management in such cases involves early diagnosis, antibiotic therapy, and emergency treatment of arrhythmias.
We report the case of a 47-year-old man who presented with features of acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular tachycardia that necessitated urgent electrical cardioversion. Contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance images revealed hypertrophy, necrosis, and a mass that was determined to be an abscess caused by L. monocytogenes. Antibiotic treatment led to resolution of the listerial myocarditis.
In addition to reporting our patient's case, we discuss the comparative advantages of cardiac magnetic resonance versus transthoracic echocardiography in characterizing myocarditis, upon presentation and in follow-up evaluation.