bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Notes on Elleanthus muscicola (Orchidaceae) and description of a new Epilyna species from Panama
Authors: Kolanowska Marta , Szlachetko Dariusz L. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract The generic affinity of Elleanthus muscicola Schltr. is clarified and a new combination within Epilyna Schltr. is proposed. The differences between Epilyna and morphologically similar genera are discussed. Epilyna trilobata Kolan. & Szlach., a new species so far known only from Panama, is described, illustrated and placed within a key to identification of all Epilyna species.
A new species of Microchilus (Orchidaceae, Goodyerinae) from Peru
Authors: Szlachetko Dariusz L. , Kolanowska Marta 
Published: August 2014

Abstract A new species of Microchilus C. Presl, M. leucostictus Rchb. f. ex Szlach. & Kolan, is described and illustrated based on Peruvian material. The taxonomic affinities of the new entity are briefly discussed.
A new species of Rhinorchis (Orchidaceae, Habenariinae) from French Guiana
Authors: Szlachetko Dariusz L. , Kolanowska Marta 
Published: August 2014

Abstract Rhinorchis heteroplectron Rchb. f. ex Szlach. & Kolan., a new species from French Guiana, is described and illustrated. The differences between R. heteroplectron and similar species are briefly discussed and an identification key for representatives of the genus reported from French Guiana is included.
Rationalization of servicing reefer containers in sea port area with taking into account risk influence
Authors: Filina-Dawidowicz Ludmiła 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This paper is aimed at presentation of a set of methods for rationalization of servicing containerized refrigerated cargoes in sea ports. During servicing reefer containers in port container terminals, take place various combinations of risk factors which can lead to loss of quality merits of cargoes contained in them. In the paper the risk factors capable of influencing quality of cargoes during their servicing in sea port, are identified, and the elaborated model for assessing risk level with the use of assumptions of fuzzy logic theory, is presented. Also, a simulation of servicing reefer containers in port, was performed. Moreover a prototype of an expert system which makes it possible to take correct decisions on servicing reefer containers in sea port, depending on impact level of risk factors, was proposed
Diversity of Caudofoveata (Mollusca) Around Iceland and Description of Psilodens Balduri sp. n.
Authors: Mikkelsen Nina T. , Todt Christiane 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The first records from samples from the IceAGE cruise ME85/3 in 2011 include seven species of Caudofoveata with a distribution range in Icelandic waters. From this first cruise of the project, two new records for Iceland have been registered. Psilodens balduri sp. n. is new to science and Falcidens halanychi, with a known distribution in the American North-Atlantic, is new to Iceland. The current study thus increases the number of known caudofoveate species around Iceland to nine.
Diversity and Taxonomy of Ampharetidae (Polychaeta) from Icelandic Waters
Authors: Parapar Julio , Helgason Gudmundur V. , Jirkov Igor , Moreira Juan 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Based on material collected during the BIOICE project off Iceland, the taxonomy and distribution of seventeen species (11 genera) of polychaetous annelids belonging to the family Ampharetidae (Annelida; Polychaeta) is reviewed. Eleven of these species were previously reported in the area or nearby areas: Amage auricula, Anobothrus gracilis, Glyp-hanostomum pallescens, Grubianella klugei, Lysippe fragilis, L. labiata, L. sexcirrata, L. vanelli, Samythella elongata, Sosane bathyalis and S. wireni. Five species, Amage benhami, Melinnampharete eoa, Noanelia hartmanae, Ymerana pteropoda and Zatsepinia rittichae, either never or only once reported after original description, are redescribed or discussed. A potentially new species, Amage sp., is described but not named because only one specimen is present. Several body characters of high taxonomic relevance in Ampha-retidae are reviewed using SEM. The distribution of each species off Iceland is provided.
Identifying Priority Species and Conservation Opportunities Under Future Climate Scenarios: Amphibians in a Biodiversity Hotspot
Authors: Barrett Kyle , Nibbelink Nathan P. , Maerz John C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractClimate change is driving shifts in the distribution of plants and animals, and prioritizing management actions for such shifts is a necessary but technically difficult challenge. We worked with state agencies in the southeastern United States to identify high-priority amphibian species, to model the vulnerabilities of those species to regional climate change, and to identify long-term climatic refugia within the context of existing conservation lands. Directly interfacing with state natural resource experts ensured that 1) species prioritization schemes extend beyond political boundaries and 2) our models resulted in conservation-relevant applications. We used a correlative model to project midcentury distributions of suitable climate for priority species and to evaluate each species' vulnerability to climate change. Using spatially explicit projected climate distributions, we ranked existing protected areas relative to their ability to provide climatic refugia for priority species in 2050. We identified 21 species as regional high-priority species. Fifteen of the 21 species are forecast to lose more than 85% of their climatically suitable habitat. Regions in the Appalachian Mountains, the Florida Panhandle, and the north-central region of Alabama are projected to lose the most climatic habitat for priority amphibian species. We identified many existing protected areas as midcentury climatic refugia in the Appalachians; however, our projections indicated refugia in the Southeast Coastal Plain to be exceedingly scarce. Although the topographic relief present in the Appalachians appears to provide future conservation opportunities via climatic refugia, the Coastal Plain affords fewer such opportunities and conservation of amphibians in that region is likely to be more challenging. The approach outlined here could be applied across a broad range of taxa and regions.
QUALITY OF PLYWOODS OBTAINED FROM Melia azedarach COMBINED WITH Pinus taeda, PRODUCED WITH UREA-FORMALDEHYDE AND PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESINS
Authors: Iwakiri Setsuo , Trianoski Rosilani , Castro Vinicius Gomes , Parchen Carlos Frederico Alice , Araújo Roberto Daniel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis study was developed to evaluate the quality of plywood produced from Melia azedarach in combination with Pinus taeda, glued with urea-formaldehyde resin (UF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF). Panels were produced using five veneers of Melia azedarach only, five veneers of Pinus taeda and also with faces made of Melia azedarach and core with Pinus taeda. The panels were evaluated by glue line shear tests and by static bending in parallel and perpendicular directions. The higher contents of extractives in Melia azedarach wood did not reduce the glue line shear strength between the layers. For both UF and PF glues, panels produced with veneers of Melia azedarach showed better results on static bending and glue line shear tests. The results indicate great potential of Melia azedarach wood in plywood production, both for internal use (UF), and for external use (PF).Keywords: Cinamomo; wood veneer; glue line. ResumoQualidade de painéis compensados de Melia azedarach em combinação com Pinus taeda produzidos com resina uréia-formaldeído e fenol-formaldeído. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de painéis compensados de Melia azedarach em combinação com Pinus taeda, produzidos com resina ureia-formaldeído (UF) e fenol-formaldeído (FF). Foram produzidos painéis com todas as cinco lâminas de Melia azedarach e de Pinus taeda, e capas de Melia azedarach e miolo de Pinus taeda. Os painéis foram avaliados por meio de ensaios de cisalhamento da linha de cola e flexão estática paralela e perpendicular. Maiores teores de extrativos presentes na madeira de Melia azedarach não prejudicaram a resistência da linha de cola entre as lâminas. Tanto para a colagem uréica, quanto para a fenólica, os painéis produzidos com lâminas de Melia azedarach apresentaram melhores resultados nos ensaios de flexão estática e de cisalhamento da linha de cola. Os resultados obtidos indicam grande potencial da madeira de Melia azedarach para produção de painéis compensados, tanto para uso interior (UF), quanto para uso exterior (FF).Palavras-chave: Cinamomo; lâminas de madeira; linha de cola.
MORFOLOGIA DE FRUTOS, SEMENTES E PLÂNTULAS DE Jatropha curcas
Authors: Pimenta Alex Caetano , Zuffellato-Ribas Katia Christina , Laviola Bruno Galvêas 
Published: August 2014

Neste trabalho objetivou-se gerar informações referentes à morfologia de frutos, de sementes e de plântulas de Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) que auxiliem na identificação da espécie e na compreensão do seu processo germinativo e início do seu ciclo biológico. Foram determinados o grau de umidade e o peso de mil sementes, sendo utilizados para descrição e ilustração 50 frutos e 50 sementes. Para descrição e ilustração da plântula, foram colocadas para germinar 120 sementes. O grau de umidade das sementes de Jatropha curcas utilizadas nesse trabalho foi de 7,0% e o peso de mil sementes igual a 663,9 g. Os frutos são secos, simples, deiscentes, esquizocarpáceos, medem em média 2,82±0,18 cm de comprimento e 2,15±0,12 cm de diâmetro e contêm sempre três sementes. As sementes têm 1,75±0,06 cm de comprimento, 1,09±0,05 cm de largura e 0,87±0,05 cm de espessura, em média, e possuem forma ovoide, coloração preta com estrias amareladas, endosperma e embrião espatulado com cotilédones membranáceos e ovoides arredondados. A germinação se iniciou entre três e quatro dias, encerrando-se aos onze dias após a semeadura no substrato vermiculita, com 90% de plântulas normais e de desenvolvimento epígeo e fanerocotiledonar.Palavras-chave: Biocombustível; Euphorbiaceae; pinhão-manso. AbstractMorphology of fruits, seeds and seedlings of Jatropha curcas. This research aims to generate information on morphology of the Jatropha curcas L. - Euphorbiaceae fruits, seeds and seedlings, in order to assist the species identification, as well as to understand its germination process and beginning of its biologic cycle. We determined weight and relative humidity of one thousand seeds, while 50 fruits and 50 seeds were used for description and illustration. For seedling description and illustration, we put 120 seeds in germination. The humidity level of Jatropha curcas seeds used in this work was 7,0% and the weight of one thousand seeds was 663,9 g. Fruits are dry, simple, characterized by dehiscence, schizocarpic, averaging 2,82±0,18 cm in length and 2,15±0,12 cm in diameter, always containing three seeds. Seeds average dimension is 1,75±0,06 cm in length, 1,09±0,05 cm in width and 0,87±0,05 cm in thickness, they have ovoid shape, black color with yellowish stripes, spoon shaped embryo with membranous rounded ovoid cotyledons. Germination began within three and four days and ended eleven days after sowing in vermiculite substrate, with 90% of seedlings presenting normal epigeous and fanerocotiledonar development.Keywords: Biofuel; Euphorbiaceae; Jatropha curcas.
AN INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING APPROACH APPLIED TO THE CERRADO (SAVANNA) MANAGEMENT
Authors: Haddad Henrique Moreira Dabien , Gomide Lucas Rezende , Cruz Bruno Rogério , Da Silva Sérgio Teixeira 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCerrado presents great potential for the use of its resources, whether timber or non-timber, as fruits, firewood and charcoal. Thus, this study aimed to test the use of forest regulation model type I in a remnant of cerrado, applying the integer linear programming. The studied area was a remnant of cerrado sensu stricto located in São Romão – MG. The type of forest management carried out was the strip cutting. with post regeneration conduction. The model type I was applied generating 8 scenarios considering 14 years of planning horizon. The tested scenarios considered the area control, volume control and also both controls in the same model, where the objective function was to maximize the present value of revenues (PVR). After data processing it was observed that scenario 5 was the best, because it obtained the lowest amplitude variation (425 – 575 ha/year) and volume (18.000 – 21.000 m3/year) of the exploited surface limits, presenting a PVR of R$4,004,561.58. It is possible to conclude that the developed models were able to regulate the volumetric yield in constant flows over the planning horizon, representing a promising alternative for the sustainable planning of the wood resources of the cerrado.Keywords: Mathematical programming; forest regulation; forest management. ResumoUma abordagem aplicada da programação linear inteira no manejo do cerrado. O cerrado apresenta um grande potencial de uso de seus recursos, sejam eles madeireiros ou não madeireiros, como frutos, lenha e carvão vegetal. Assim, o trabalho teve como objetivo testar o uso do modelo tipo I de regulação florestal em um remanescente de cerrado utilizando a programação linear inteira. A área de estudo foi um remanescente de cerrado sensu stricto localizado em São Romão – MG. O regime de manejo elaborado foi o corte em faixas com posterior condução da regeneração. O modelo tipo I foi aplicado gerando 8 cenários em um horizonte de planejamento de 14 anos. Os cenários testados consideraram o controle por área, por volume, bem como ambos no mesmo modelo, sendo a função objetivo o valor presente das receitas (VPR) a ser maximizado. Após o processamento dos modelos observou-se que o cenário 5 foi o melhor, possuindo limites de área explorada (425 – 575 ha/ano) e volumétricos (18.000 – 21.000 m3/ano) com menor variação de amplitude, apresentando R$4.004.561,58 de VPR. Pôde-se concluir que os modelos formulados foram capazes de regular a produção volumétrica em fluxos constantes ao longo do horizonte de planejamento, em sua grande maioria, constituindo-se de uma alternativa promissora ao planejamento sustentável dos recursos madeireiros do cerrado.Palavras-chave: Programação matemática; regulação florestal; manejo florestal.
INVASÃO BIOLÓGICA DE Pinus elliottii VAR. elliottii NO PARQUE ESTADUAL DO RIO VERMELHO, FLORIANÓPOLIS, SC
Authors: Bechara Fernando Campanhã , Reis Ademir , Trentin Bruna Elisa 
Published: August 2014

A invasão biológica é conceituada como o processo de introdução e adaptação de espécies exóticas nos ecossistemas naturais, as quais se tornam invasoras, causando alterações ecológicas. Espécies com alta capacidade invasora, como Pinus elliottii, tendem a inibir a sucessão ecológica. Em 1962, foi criada a Estação Florestal do Rio Vermelho, no município de Florianópolis, SC, onde foram testadas 25 espécies de Pinus spp. em 500 ha de restinga. Após 40 anos de plantio, aproximadamente 250 ha de dunas e restingas adjacentes aos plantios foram contaminadas por Pinus elliottii var. elliottii. Para a avaliação da capacidade invasora, foram amostrados o banco e chuva de sementes em três ambientes: i) interior de talhão de Pinus elliottii var. elliottii; ii) bordadura do mesmo talhão de Pinus elliottii var. elliottii; e iii) restinga arbórea conservada. No banco de sementes não foi observada emergência de plântulas de Pinus spp., sugerindo que suas sementes não permaneçam viáveis no solo. Já a chuva de sementes durante o ano foi contínua, dispersando cerca de dois milhões de sementes viáveis.ha-1.ano-1. Se por um lado a inexistência de sementes de Pinus spp. no banco pode parecer uma vantagem, a chuva de sementes contínua representa uma ameaça constante para a reinfestação dessa espécie na área.Palavras-chave: Banco de sementes; chuva de sementes; restauração ecológica. AbstractBiological invasion of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii in Rio Vermelho State Park, Florianópolis, SC. Biological invasion is defined as the process of introduction and adaptation of non-native species into natural ecosystems which become invasive and cause ecological changes. Species with high invasive capacity, such as Pinus elliottii, tend to inhibit ecological succession. In 1962 the Forestry Station of Rio Vermelho in Florianópolis-SC was created, and 25 species of pine tested in 500 ha of dunes. After 40 years, approximately 250 ha of dunes and restingas, adjacent to the plantations were invaded by Pinus elliottii var. elliottii. In order to evaluate its invasive capacity, the seed bank and seed rain were sampled in three habitat types: i) inner stand of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii ii) stand border; and iii) preserved mature restinga with tree covering. Seedling emergence of pines was not observed in the seed bank, suggesting that the seeds do not remain viable in the soil. The seed rain was continuous throughout the year, generating about two million viable seeds.ha-1.year-1. If the lack of a seed bank may seem an advantage, the continuous seed rain represents a constant threat to the re-infestation of the species in the park.Keywords: Seed bank; seed rain; ecological restoration, invasive pines.
VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DA PRODUÇÃO DE CARVÃO VEGETAL EM DOIS SISTEMAS PRODUTIVOS
Authors: Oliveira Aylson Costa , Salles Thiago Taglialegna , Pereira Bárbara Luísa Corradi , Carneiro Angélica De Cássia Oliveira , Braga Camila Soares , Santos Rosemeire Cristina 
Published: August 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a viabilidade econômica da produção de carvão vegetal em dois sistemas produtivos: oito fornos de superfície acoplados a uma fornalha para queima de gases e dez fornos do tipo “rabo-quente” sem sistema de queima de gases. Para análise econômica, definiu-se uma produção anual média igual a 1.571 metros cúbicos de carvão (mdc) e horizonte de planejamento de 12 anos, sendo propostos 2 cenários. No primeiro cenário, após a colheita da madeira, realiza-se o plantio de uma nova floresta, permanecendo o custo da madeira constante em todo o planejamento; no segundo cenário, após a colheita, considerou-se a condução da brotação, reduzindo os custos na 2ª rotação e consequentemente os custos da madeira. A análise econômica foi realizada através da determinação dos seguintes indicadores: Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), Valor Anual Equivalente (VAE), Razão Benefício/Custo (B/C) e Lucratividade. Os indicadores calculados demonstraram a viabilidade dos dois sistemas produtivos avaliados em ambos os cenários propostos, porém o sistema fornos-fornalha apresentou melhores valores para os indicadores. Conclui-se que a produção de carvão vegetal nos sistemas avaliados foram viáveis economicamente, com o sistema fornos-fornalha gerando maior lucro ao produtor de carvão.Palavras-chave: Fornos de alvenaria; análise determinística; valor presente líquido. Abstract Economic viability of charcoal production in two production systems. The objective of this study was to analyze the economic viability of charcoal production in two conversion technologies: eight surface kilns coupled to a furnace for burning gases (kilns-furnace system) and ten "rabo-quente" or traditional charcoal kilns without burning gases system. An average annual production of 1571 cubic meters of charcoal (mdc) was used to perform the economic analysis. A planning horizon of 12 years and two scenarios were proposed. In the first scenario, after harvesting the wood, the planting of a new forest was performed, and the cost of wood remained constant throughout the planning horizon. In the second scenario, after the harvest, the conduction of shooting was considered, which reduced costs in the second rotation and consequently the cost of wood. The economic analysis was performed by determining the following indicators: Net Present Value (NPV), Equivalent Annual Value (EAV) and Benefit - Cost Reason (B/C). Calculated indicators demonstrated the viability of producing charcoal in the two production systems in both scenarios proposed, but kilns-furnace system presented better values. As conclusion, production of charcoal in the evaluated systems were economically viable. Kilns-furnace system was able to generate more profit to charcoal producer.Keywords: Kilns; deterministic analysis; net present value.
USO DE GEOTECNOLOGIAS NA LOCAÇÃO ESPACIAL DE TORRES PARA DETECÇÃO DE INCÊNDIOS FLORESTAIS NO SEMIÁRIDO NORDESTINO
Authors: Vicente de Assis Fellipe Ragner , Mendonça Izaque Francisco Candeia de , Silva José Evanaldo Rangel da , Lima Joedla Rodrigues de 
Published: August 2014

A possibilidade de manipular um grande volume de informações faz do SIG uma ótima ferramenta para análises ambientais. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar locais ideais para implantação de torres de vigilância de incêndios florestais, avaliar a potencialidade do SIG utilizado e testar a eficiência da metodologia proposta em áreas de caatinga. O estudo foi realizado na microbacia do rio do Saco, Santa Luzia, PB, Brasil. Foram gerados mapas de declividade, uso da terra, orientação das encostas, altimetria, temperatura, precipitação e risco potencial de incêndios, sendo correlacionados com as cotas de maior altitude e a proximidade de estradas para alocação das torres. Os resultados mostraram que5863,1 ha(61,6%) da área possuem elevado risco de incêndio. A torre 1 (T1) proporcionou a maior visualização (41,2%) das áreas de alto a extremo risco. Já a combinação de T1 + T5 proporcionou a maior visualização da área (74,9%). Para o uso de uma torre, foi indicada a instalação de T1; para combinação entre torres, a melhor associação foi T1 + T5. A metodologia se mostrou aplicável em outras áreas com características fisiográficas semelhantes. As rotinas do Sistema de Informações Geográficas Idrisi (SIG Idrisi) foram capazes de atender satisfatoriamente aos procedimentos metodológicos utilizados.Palavras-chave: Bacia hidrográfica; geoprocessamento; risco de incêndio. AbstractUse of geotechnology for towers placement in order to detect forest fires in northeastern Semiarid. The ability to handle a large volume of information makes GIS a great tool for environmental analysis. This research aims to identify ideal sites for installation of watchtowers forest fires, in order to evaluate the potential of SIG as well as to test efficiency of the proposed methodology in areas of Caatinga. The study was conducted in the watershed of the Saco River, Santa Luzia - PB, Brazil. We generated maps of slope, land use, orientation of slopes, altitude, temperature, precipitation and potential risk of fire, correlated with the dimensions of higher altitude and proximity of roads to towers installation. The results revealed that 5863.1 ha (61.6%) of the area is at high fire risk. Tower 1 (T1) presented the better visualization (41.2%) of areas of high to extreme risk. The combination of T1 + T5 had as result better visualization of the area (74.9%). For the use of one only tower, it was indicated T1, in relation to combination the best one was the association of T1 + T5. The methodology proved its applicability in other areas with similar physiographic characteristics. Geographic Information System Idrisi (SIG Idrisi) routines were able to meet satisfactorily the methodological procedures.Keywords: Watershed; geoprocessing; risk of fire.