bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidental White Matter Lesions in Children Presentıng With Headache
Authors: Bayram Erhan , Topcu Yasemin , Karaoglu Pakize , Yis Uluc , Guleryuz Handan Cakmakci , Kurul Semra Hiz 
Published: April 2013

AimWe aimed to describe the prevalence and significance of white matter lesions detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with headache.Material and MethodsChildren who were admitted with the complaint of headache and had neuroimaging between December 2007 and June 2012 were included in the study. The clinical and neuroimaging data of the patients were retrospectively evaluated. MRI results of the patients were documented in detail. The patients with non‐specific white matter lesions were called for a control visit, and current status of headache and neurological findings were determined.ResultsA total of 941 patients were included in the study. Sixty‐one percent of the patients received cranial neuroimaging. 8.2% had only cranial computed tomography (CT), 7.5% had cranial CT and cranial MRI, and 84.3% had only cranial MRI. 22.1% of the patients had abnormal cranial MRI findings. The rate of incidental non‐specific white matter changes detected in our study group was 23/527 (4.4%). Among the 23 patients, 12 (52.2%) were male and 11 (47.8%) were female. Fourteen (60.9%) had migraine without aura, 8 (34.8%) had tension‐type headache, and 1 (4.3%) had migraine with aura. Mean age of patients at the time of imaging was 12.1 ± 3.4 years (range 4.0‐16.0 years). All patients with non‐specific white matter changes on MRI showed normal psychomotor development, and there was no history of seizures or head trauma. The physical and neurological examinations of all patients were normal. The mean clinical follow‐up period of the patients was 16.8 ± 17.3 months (range 6‐80 months). No patients showed neurological deterioration during the follow up. The white matter lesions were supratentorial in all patients. The mean size of the lesions was 5.1 ± 4.5 mm (minimum, 2 mm; maximum, 24 mm). Repeated radiological evaluations were performed in 11 (47.8%) of the patients. No new white matter lesions were detected in control MRI during follow up.ConclusionNon‐specific incidental white matter changes may be seen in children with headache. For normal clinical follow up, in the absence of evident benefits from repeated imaging studies, we suggest that repeated imaging studies are not warranted in every patient and should be tailored according to clinical course.
MicroRNA‐520c‐3p inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion through induction of cell apoptosis by targeting glypican‐3
Authors: Miao Hui‐Lai , Lei Chang‐Jiang , Qiu Zhi‐Dong , Liu Zhong‐Kao , Li Ran , Bao Shi‐Ting , Li Ming‐Yi 
Published: April 2013

AimGlypican‐3 (GPC3) is a membrane‐associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan involved in regulation of cell proliferation, cell survival, cell migration and differentiation process. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single‐stranded, non‐coding functional RNAs that are important in many biological processes. GPC3 and miRNAs have been found to play essential roles in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little information about the relationship between GPC3 and miRNAs is available nowadays. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between GPC3 and miRNAs.MethodsDual‐luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the direct target of GPC3. Fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to examined the gene expression at mRNA and protein levels. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis and Annexin V‐FITC staining. Invasion of cells was evaluated by Transwell matrigel assay.ResultsThe results showed that miR‐520c‐3p could specifically target GPC3 in HCC cells. GPC3 protein levels decreased with unchanged transcription efficiency after miRNA transfection, and there was negative correlation of miR‐520c‐3p expression in HCC in relate to GPC3 protein levels. Moreover, miR‐520c‐3p not only induced HCC cell apoptosis, but also inhibited the growth and invasion of the cells. Interestingly, overexpression of GPC3 could effectively reverse apoptosis induced by miR‐520c‐3p transfection in HCC.ConclusionsTaken together, these results supported that miR‐520c‐3p may decrease GPC3 protein levels to inhibit proliferation of HCC cells. Therefore, GPC3 could be a new target for genetic diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
FX enzyme and GDP‐L‐Fuc transporter expression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Villar‐Portela Susana , Muinelo‐Romay Laura , Cuevas Elisa , Gil‐Martín Emilio , Fernández‐Briera Almudena 
Published: April 2013

AimsFucosylation is regulated by fucosyltransferases, the guanosine diphosphate‐L‐fucose (GDP‐L‐Fuc) synthetic pathway, and the GDP‐L‐fucose transporter (GDP‐L‐Fuc Tr). We have reported previously an increased level of α(1,6)fucosyltransferase activity and expression in colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study aimed to analyse the expression profiles of the FX enzyme and GDP‐L‐Fuc Tr in a cohort of operated CRC patients to elucidate their role in α(1,6)fucosylation in this neoplasm.Methods and resultsWe assessed the immunohistochemical expression of FX and GDP‐L‐Fuc Tr in a series of tumour samples and healthy tissues from CRC specimens. FX expression was observed in 58 of 91 (63.7%) tumours and 23 of 28 (82.1%) corresponding healthy samples. GDP‐L‐Fuc Tr expression was detected in 86 of 102 (84.3%) colorectal tumours, and 13 of 27 (48.1%) healthy tissue specimens. The expression of GDP‐L‐Fuc Tr was statistically higher in tumours than in healthy tissues (P < 0.001). A correlation was found between FX and GDP‐L‐Fuc Tr expression in tumour samples (P = 0.003).ConclusionGDP‐L‐Fuc Tr overexpression in the tumour tissue of CRC patients suggests that GDP‐L‐Fuc transport to the Golgi apparatus may be an important factor associated with increased α(1,6)fucosylation in CRC.
Contrast‐enhanced transrectal ultrasonography: Measurement of prostate cancer tumor size and correlation with radical prostatectomy specimens
Authors: Qi Ting Yue , Chen Ya Qing , Jiang Jun , Zhu Yun Kai , Yao Xiao Hong , Qi Jun 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesTo determine the accuracy of contrast‐enhanced transrectal ultrasonography for tumor size measurements of hypoechoic prostate cancer foci located in the peripheral zone.MethodsA total of 55 men scheduled for radical prostatectomy, with biopsy‐proven cancer in hypoechoic foci located in the peripheral zone, were consecutively enrolled in the present prospective study. Each patient underwent grayscale ultrasound and contrast‐enhanced transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate according to a standardized protocol. The maximum tumor diameter on grayscale imaging and contrast‐enhanced transrectal ultrasonography was compared with that determined using histopathology.ResultsA mean underestimation was documented to be approximately 3.9 mm and 0.6 mm for grayscale and contrast‐enhanced transrectal ultrasonography imaging, respectively. Grayscale and contrast‐enhanced transrectal ultrasonography imaging underestimated measurements by 76.67% (46 of 60) and 48.33% (29 of 60), whereas overestimated measurements were 20% (12 of 60) and 26.67% (16 of 60), respectively. A strong correlation was observed between contrast‐enhanced transrectal ultrasonography and histopathological measurements (r = 0.91, P < 0.0001). A weak linear correlation was found between grayscale and histopathological measurements (r = 0.59, P < 0.0001). Bland–Altman analysis results were in complete accordance with correlation analysis results. For cases with maximum histopathological tumor diameters ≤10 mm and >10 mm, 40% (6 of 15) and 86.67% (39 of 45) were index tumors, respectively (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsContrast‐enhanced transrectal ultrasonography is significantly more accurate than conventional grayscale imaging for measuring prostate tumor size, especially for tumors with a diameter >10 mm, and it might have a role in preoperative assessment of prostatic index tumor sizes.
Novel mutation in the TMEM127 gene associated with phaeochromocytoma
Authors: Elston M. S. , Meyer‐Rochow G. Y. , Prosser D. , Love D. R. , Conaglen J. V. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPhaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumours that arise from the adrenal glands or paraganglia (paragangliomas) within the abdomen, thorax and neck. Although it was originally suggested that approximately 10% of these tumours were inherited, it is now recognised that up to approximately 30% of these tumours are associated with a germline mutation in one of the phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma susceptibility genes. Of the 12 currently known genes predisposing to these tumours, the TMEM127 gene is one of the more recently identified and appears to be present in approximately 2% of apparently sporadic phaeochromocytomas. We report a 33‐year‐old man who presented with an apparently sporadic adrenal phaeochromocytoma and was identified as carrying a novel TMEM127 germline mutation, p.Gln139X. Patients harbouring a germline TMEM127 mutation most commonly present with an apparently sporadic solitary adrenal phaeochromocytoma. Testing patients who present with a phaeochromocytoma or paraganglioma for an underlying germline mutation needs to be considered in all patients due to implications for family members, but a strategy based on clinical and immunohistochemical findings would be prudent to limit costs.
Marijuana ‘bong’ smoking and tuberculosis
Authors: Thu K. , Hayes M. , Miles S. , Tierney L. , Foy A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe incidence of tuberculosis in the non‐indigenous Australian population is low. However, in this paper we report on three cases of cavitating disease, which seem to be associated with a common illicit drug habit namely smoking marijuana using a makeshift pipe or bong. There was a total of 34 positive contacts of these cases and among the contacts sharing a bong with an index case was associated with a sixfold risk of transmission (odds ratio 6.5, confidence interval 1.4–30.4, P = 0.016). When cavitating tuberculosis is detected in a young non‐indigenous native born Australian, marijuana use should be considered as a possible risk factor.
Thyrotoxic psychosis in an elderly woman and haloperidol use: a case report
Authors: EMUL Murat , SAKALLI Ayse , EROL Turgut Can , ERTAN Turan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThyrotoxic patients may occasionally present with affective disorders. Here, we discuss a case of a 61‐year‐old woman with misidentification and persecutory delusions, olfactory hallucinations, and apathy associated with thyrotoxicosis. After definitive antithyroid and antipsychotic agent haloperidol treatments, the patient was released within 4 weeks. Thyrotoxic psychosis with apathy is a rare entity that can be misdiagnosed as affective psychosis. Haloperidol may be an alternative treatment in resolving psychotic features beside the treatment of hyperthyroid state.
Intelligence or years of education: which is better correlated with memory function in normal elderly Japanese subjects?
Authors: MURAYAMA Norio , ISEKI Eizo , TAGAYA Hirokuni , OTA Kazumi , KASANUKI Koji , FUJISHIRO Hiroshige , ARAI Heii , SATO Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground:  We compared differences in intelligence and memory function between normal elderly Japanese subjects with more years of education and those with fewer years of education. We also investigated clinical and neuropsychological factors that are strongly correlated with memory function.Methods:  There were 118 normal elderly subjects who underwent the Mini‐Mental State Examination, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 3rd edition (WAIS‐III), and Wechsler Memory Scale Revised. Subjects with at least 13 years of education were categorized as the H group, and those with 12 years of education or less were categorized as the L group.Results:  Age and Mini‐Mental State Examination scores were not significantly different between the two groups. On the WAIS‐III, there were significant differences between the two groups in Verbal IQ and Full Scale IQ. On the Wechsler Memory Scale Revised, there were significant differences between the two groups in Visual Memory, General Memory, and Delayed Recall. Correlation coefficients between memory function and the other factors demonstrated significant but weak correlations between years of education and General Memory (R = 0.22) and between years of education and Delayed Recall (R = 0.20). Strong correlations were found between Verbal IQ and Verbal Memory (R = 0.45), between Verbal IQ and General Memory (R = 0.49), between Full Scale IQ and General Memory (R = 0.50) and between Full Scale IQ and Delayed Recall (R = 0.48).Conclusions:  In normal elderly Japanese subjects, years of education weakly correlated with memory function while Verbal IQ, Full Scale IQ and Verbal Comprehension on WAIS‐III had stronger correlations with memory function. Verbal IQ and Verbal Comprehension on WAIS‐III were found to be insusceptible to the cognitive decline characteristic of Alzheimer's disease or amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Therefore, verbal intelligence, as measured by Verbal IQ and Verbal Comprehension, may be the most useful factor for inferring premorbid memory function in Alzheimer's disease or amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients.
Cognitive effects of quetiapine in a patient with dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: RICE Timothy , DOBRY Yuriy , WANG Eugene , NOVAKOVIC Vladan , SHER Leo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA recent large‐scale randomized controlled clinical trial, the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness‐Alzheimer's Disease study, found a significant worsening of cognitive functioning in a sample of patients with Alzheimer's disease. To date there have been no equally powered studies examining the cognitive effects of atypical antipsychotics in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies, the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. This case report describes a significant cognitive improvement observed through the use of an atypical antipsychotic in a patient with dementia with Lewy bodies. The observed divergence in cognitive responsiveness is discussed mechanistically on both the clinical and neuromolecular level. Limitations to this case study design are presented and discussed. The prudence of caution in importing the results of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness‐Alzheimer's Disease study to the dementia with Lewy bodies population is summarized and presented for psychiatrists, neurologists and primary care providers, with an intent to stimulate discussion and further research.
Effects of Yangxue Qingnao Granules on chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency: a randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy, controlled multicentre trial
Authors: WU Chenghan , LIAO Lianming , YAN Xiaohua , LI Meide , WU Songying , WANG Jinmin , LIN Jushan , LI Shiju , GAO Lili , DU Jian , YANG Renmin ,   The Yangxue Qingnao Granule CHRONIC CEREBRAL HYPOPERFUSION STUDY GROUP
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground:  There is a great deal of interest in traditional Chinese medicine as a treatment for chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency (CCCI). In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of Yangxue Qingnao Granules (YXQNG) as a monotherapy in patients with CCCI.Methods:  From July 2007 to May 2010, 273 patients with CCCI at nine centres in China were randomly assigned to receive either YXQNG with nimodipine placebo (n= 140, 12 g/day) or nimodipine with YXQNG placebo (n= 133, 30 mg/day) for 8 weeks. The primary end points after 8 weeks of treatment were changes from baseline in severity of headache, heavy‐headed feeling, dizziness and sleep disorder.Results:  The mean baseline levels of headache, heavy‐headed feeling, dizziness and sleep disorder were comparable between the two groups. Both therapies significantly improved these symptoms after 8 weeks of treatment (P < 0.001). Compared with nimodipine therapy, YXQNG resulted in similar reductions in these symptoms. No adverse effects were observed in the YXQNG group.Conclusions:  These data demonstrate that YXQNG as a monotherapy were as effective as nimodipine monotherapy in improving the symptoms of CCCI. It is well‐tolerated and may have an important place in the management of this condition. Whether a combination of these two medicines will increase therapeutic efficacy deserves further clinical investigation.
Using hypernatraemic events to predict reduced renal function in elderly lithium patients: a brief report
Authors: Rej Soham , Senouci Soumia I. , Looper Karl , Segal Marilyn 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes insipidus (DI) is a recognized adverse effect of lithium use, and studies have shown an association between decreased renal function and DI in patients using lithium. We hypothesize that hypernatraemic events that occur in DI predict decreased renal function in elderly patients on lithium.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 55 geriatric psychiatry patients using lithium between 1985 and 2010. Patients who always had sodium levels ≤146 mmol/L were compared to patients with one or more episodes of hypernatraemia (serum sodium level ≥147 mmol/L) for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels and prevalence of severe chronic renal failure (eGFR ≤30 mL/min/1.73 m2).ResultseGFR was found to be less in the hypernatraemic group than in the non‐hypernatraemic controls (41 vs 56 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = 0.0074). Severe chronic renal failure appeared more prevalent in hypernatraemic patients (4/14 (28.6%) vs. 3/41 (7.3%)), but this did not achieve statistical significance (P = 0.061). The two groups did not differ for age, sex, medical comorbidities or other clinical variables, except antidepressant use. Hypernatraemic patients appeared less likely to use antidepressants than non‐hypernatraemic patients, odds ratio = 0.69 (P = 0.020). However, in multivariate analysis, hypernatraemia correlated with decreased eGFR (β = −0.39, P = 0.004), while antidepressant use did not (P = 0.81).ConclusionsThese results suggest that hypernatraemic events may predict reduced renal function in geriatric patients using lithium. The role of hypernatraemia and DI in renal failure in this population requires further study. Health professionals should be aware of the risks of renal failure in older patients treated with lithium, especially in the context of sodium level abnormalities.
Phase Evolution of SiO2–Al2O3–ZnO–CaO–ZrO2–TiO2‐Based Glass with Added Y‐PSZ Particles
Authors: Wang Xin , Chen Minghui , Zhu Shenglong , Wang Fuhui 
Published: April 2013

Yttria partially stabilized zirconia Y‐PSZ/glass‐ceramic composites were prepared by reaction sintering using powder mixtures of a SiO2–Al2O3–ZnO–CaO–ZrO2–TiO2‐based glass and yttria partially stabilized zirconia (Y‐PSZ). The glass crystallized during sintering at temperatures of 1173, 1273, and 1373 K to give a glass‐ceramic matrix for high‐temperature protecting coatings. With the increasing firing time, the added zirconia reacted with the base glass and a glass‐ceramic material with dispersed zircon particles was prepared in situ. Furthermore, the added zirconia changed the crystallization behavior of the base glass, affecting the shape, amount, and distribution of zircon in the microstructure. The bipyramid‐like zircon grains with imbedded residual zirconia particles turned out to have two growth mechanisms: the inward growth and the outward growth, and its rapid growth was mainly dominated by the later one. For comparison, the referenced glass‐ceramic was prepared by sintering using exclusive glass granules and its crystallization behavior at 1173–1373 K was examined as well. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the crystallization behavior of the base glass and the phase evolution of the Y‐PSZ/glass‐ceramic composites.
What explains the distribution of doctors and nurses in different countries, and does it matter for health outcomes?
Authors: Carr‐Hill Roy , Currie Elizabeth 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimsTo re‐examine the form of the relationships between the global distribution of health professionals (physicians and nurses), gross national product per capita, female literacy, and infant and under‐5 mortality rates reported in three papers by Robinson and Wharrad using more recent data. The secondary aim was to explore prior assumptions about the quality of the data, the homogeneity of the sample, and the form of the relationship.BackgroundThe analyses by Robinson and Wharrad did not take account of differences between developing and developed countries. Furthermore, the intervening years have seen changes in healthcare professional roles and their global distribution. Re‐examination of these relationships is therefore timely.DesignA secondary analysis of routinely collected data from international databases.MethodsA database was constructed from Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development, United Nations and World Bank sources on 177 countries for around 2005. Regression analyses were performed first with number of physicians and of nurses per 1000 population as dependent variables and gross national product per capita, female literacy rates, and the Gini coefficient as independent variables; and second with all those variables as independent variables and infant mortality, under‐5 mortality rates, and maternal mortality rates as dependent variables.ResultsThere were clear and interesting differences between richer (Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development) countries and developing countries in the coefficients and in the power of the equations.ConclusionsThe importance of understanding the implications of carrying out cross‐country analysis and the urgent need for standardization of definitions in datasets are emphasized.
Discussion: “America's Rivers and the American Experiment” by Martin W. Doyle
Authors: Auerbach Daniel A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDoyle cogently describes advantages and concerns related to the system of United States river management in the context of its historical and political development. He rightly asserts the need for flexible, adaptable institutions in order to address changing societal demands. However, river management also requires certain inflexible standards in order to discern and prevent practices that undermine future human needs. Where modern scientific evidence converges with cultural traditions of stewardship, river managers can comfortably assert limits to specific patterns of use and to the malleability of restrictions.