bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc-catalyzed Enantioselective Electrophilic Amination of β-Ketocarbonyl Compounds with Axially Chiral Phenanthroline Ligands
Authors: Naganawa Yuki , Komatsu Hiroyuki , Nishiyama Hisao 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Zinc-catalyzed asymmetric α-amination of β-ketocarbonyl compounds 2 using dialkyl azodicarboxylates 3 as the electrophilic nitrogen source is described. The complexes of Zn(OTf)2 and the axially chiral phenanthroline ligands (S)-1 were identified as effective catalysts for this transformation to provide α-amino-β-ketocarbonyl compounds 4 with up to 93% ee.
Maternal and newborn seroprevalence of Hepatitis E virus at Medani Hospital, Sudan
Authors: Eltayeb Reem , Gasim Gasim I. , Elhassan Elhassan M. , Abdullahi Halla , Rayis Duria A. , Adam Ishag 
Published: September 2015

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection can lead to adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes and is a risk for mortality in pregnant women. There are few published data on the seroepidemiology of HEV infection in pregnant women and none are available from Sudan specifically. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the seroepidemiology of anti-HEV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in mothers and newborns in Medani Hospital, Sudan. Socio-demographic, clinical and obstetric characteristics of the women were gathered using questionnaires. Anti-HEV IgG antibodies were investigated in the paired maternal and newborn sera using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Two hundred and nine women were enrolled to the study. The mean (SD) of their age, parity and gestational age was 27.5 (5.5) years, 2.2(1.5) and 38.8 (1.8) weeks, respectively. Out of these 209, 25 (12.5%) women had a positive result for anti-HEV IgG and two (1.0%) newborns had a positive result for anti-HEV IgG.In logistic regression none of the investigated factors (age, parity, gestational age, residency and education) were associated with anti-HEV IgG seropositivity. There is a high seroprevalence of HEV among pregnant women in central Sudan regardless of their age, parity and gestational age. Optimal preventive measures against HEV infection should be employed.
The impact of a school nurse intervention on adolescents' knowledge about healthy eating
Authors: Al-Yateem Nabeel , Attia Amal Kadry Nicola , AL-Yafei Taliaa , Mohammed Ameera , Mahmood Bushraa 
Published: September 2015

Background: The adolescent developmental stage has been described by researchers as a period in which decision-making abilities and independence skills are developed; therefore, this period may attract more attention from health-care providers as a key time for establishing healthy life styles and positive adaptive behaviours, such as nutritional behaviours. Methods: A quasi-experimental control group, and post-test only design was used. A school-based healthy nutrition educational programme was implemented to improve the nutritional knowledge of adolescents, and to promote a healthy life style among them. The ‘Let's Eat Healthy’ programme was delivered to 150 students in the intervention group, who were compared to another 150 students in the control group where the programme was not delivered. Results: Students that participated in the intervention group were significantly more knowledgeable about healthy nutrition compared to students that didn't participate (P<0.01). They also scored significantly higher in the dietary behaviours survey, which reflects the adoption of more healthy eating behaviours. Conclusions: The results of the study revealed that such a programme would be effective in promoting more nutritionally healthy life styles, thus preventing obesity and nutrition-related disease among adolescents in United Arab Emirates (UAE) schools.
Molas: Displaying the quotidian before Andy Warhol
Authors: Marks Diana 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Mola blouses have become identified with both the Kuna Indians and the nation of Panama. The iconography on mola blouses has included images from North American and Latin American popular culture since the early twentieth century. This article explores the selection and display of images of consumer and popular culture by Kuna women with the later depiction of similar quotidian images in the early work of Andy Warhol.
Irrational career beliefs among university applicants<p>Üniversite adaylarında meslek seçimine ilişkin akılcı olmayan inançlar
Authors: Kepir Savoly D. Didem , Korkut Owen Fidan 
Published: September 2015

<p>In this research, prospective university students' who have different level of career maturity and hope, irrational beliefs related to choice of profession were examined. The sample of the study was composed of 502 prospective university students who study at or graduated from general, anatolian and vocational high school at fall semester of 2010-2011. “Irrational Beliefs Relating to Career Choice Scale” developed by Yılmaz Erdem (2006), “Career Maturity Scale” developed by Kuzgun and Bacanlı (1996), “Hope Scale” developed by Snyder et. al. (1991) and adaptation study was carried out by Akman and Korkut (1993) and “Personal Information Form” developed by the researchers were used to collect data. For the analysis of data were conducted using SPSS 15.0 program. The main effects of variables of career maturity, gender and type of school on, also the common effect of variables of the hope level and type of school on irrational beliefs’ relating to career choice were found significant. These results were discussed in light of current research findings and recommendations were made.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Çalışmada umut ve mesleki olgunluk düzeyleri farklı üniversite adaylarının meslek seçimine ilişkin akılcı olmayan inançları cinsiyet, eğitim durumu ve okul türü değişkenleri açısından incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın araştırma grubunu, 2010-2011 öğretim yılının güz döneminde genel lise, anadolu lisesi, meslek lisesinde öğrenim gören ve bir yıl önce bu liselerden mezun olup üniversite sınavını kazanamamış toplam 502 üniversite adayı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada Yılmaz Erdem (2006) tarafından geliştirilen Meslek Seçimine İlişkin Akılcı Olmayan İnançlar Ölçeği, Snyder ve arkadaşları (1991) tarafından geliştirilen, Akman ve Korkut (1993) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan Umut Ölçeği, Kuzgun ve Bacanlı (1996) tarafından geliştirilen Mesleki Olgunluk Ölçeği ve araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiş olan Kişisel Bilgi Formundan yararlanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS 15.0 kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada mesleki olgunluk, cinsiyet ve okul türü değişkenlerinin meslek seçimine ilişkin akılcı olmayan inançlar üzerindeki temel etkileri, ayrıca umut düzeyi ve okul türünün temel etkisi ile umut düzeyi ile okul türü değişkenlerinin meslek seçimine ilişkin akılcı olmayan inançlar üzerindeki ortak etkisi anlamlı bulunmuştur. Araştırma bulguları, ilgili alanyazın ışığında tartışılmış ve çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.</p>
TreeScope
Authors: Ying Shanshan , Korn Flip , Saha Barna , Srivastava Divesh 
Published: September 2015

Semi-structured data are prevalent on the web, with formats such as XML and JSON soaring in popularity due to their generality, flexibility and easy customization. However, these very same features make semi-structured data prone to a range of data quality errors, from errors in content to errors in structure. While the former has been well studied, little attention has been paid to structural errors.In this demonstration, we present TreeScope, which analyzes semi-structured data sets with the goal of automatically identifyingstructural anomaliesfrom the data. Our techniques learn robust structural models that have high support, to identify potential errors in the structure. Identified structural anomalies are then concisely summarized to provide plausible explanations of the potential errors. The goal of this demonstration is to enable an interactive exploration of the process of identifying and summarizing structural anomalies in semi-structured data sets.
Speech Recognition Technology in Language Testing: Does Taking the Test in an English-Speaking Environment Matter?
Authors: Dodigovic Marina 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study investigates a particular use of an application of speech recognition technology in the assessment of English proficiency. The use of the application, called Versant English Test, is examined in the context of a country where English is not the first language of communication, in order to determine whether or not English as the first language of the country in which the test is taken could have a bearing on the test result. As suggested by Chun (2006), this study compares the results achieved by test takers in a non-English speaking environment with those obtained by different test takers in an English speaking environment. To be able to decide whether the Versant is more prone to setting-related bias than other English proficiency tests, the Versant test scores are correlated with the TOEFL scores of the test-takers in a non-English speaking setting and the correlation coefficient is then compared with that achieved in an English-speaking environment. The results suggest that the correlation between the Versant and TOEFL in a non-English-speaking environment is not significantly different from that obtained in an English-speaking environment.
The Effects of Phonological Awareness Training on the Reading Performance by Child EFL Learners in China
Authors: Sun Bing , Zhu Bingxia , Chen Jinfen , Zhou Hui 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe present study explores the effects of phonological awareness training of child EFL learners in China on their reading performances. Eighty grade one Chinese children from two intact primary school classes participated in the study. The treatment class received a 10-week English phonological awareness training, while the contrast class did not receive any training. Both pre-test and post-test were administered to all participants, including English assessment, phonological awareness measures and English reading measures. The results show that the treatment class outperformed the contrast class in the post-test in reading measures and phonological awareness measures; phonological awareness positively correlated with children’s early reading performance; phoneme tasks were strong predictors of Child EFL learners’ early reading performance.
The role of crack branching in stress corrosion cracking of aluminium alloys
Authors: Burnett Timothy L. , Holroyd N.J. Henry , Scamans Geoffrey M. , Zhou Xiaorong , Thompson George E. , Withers Philip J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Stress corrosion cracks of all types are characterised by extensive crack branching, and this is frequently used as the key failure analysis characteristic to identify this type of cracking. For aluminium alloys, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is almost exclusively an intergranular failure mechanism. For plate and extruded components, this had led to the development of test procedures using double cantilever beam and compact tension precracked specimens that rely on the pancake grain shape to constrain cracking, so that fracture mechanics can be applied to the analysis of stress intensity and crack velocity and the evolution of a characteristic performance curve. We have used X-ray computed tomography to examine in detail SCC in aluminium alloys in three dimensions for the first time. We have found that crack branching limits the stress intensity at the crack tip as the applied stress is shared amongst a number of cracks that are held together by uncracked ligaments. We propose that the plateau region observed in the v-K curve is an artefact due to crack branching, and at the crack tips of the many crack branches, cracking essentially occurs at constant K almost irrespective of the crack length. We have amplified the crack branching effect by examining a sample where the long axis of the pancake grains was inclined to the applied stressing direction. Our results have profound implications for the future use of precracked specimens for SCC susceptibility testing and the interpretation of results from these tests.
Thirty-five years in environmentally assisted cracking in Italy: a point of view
Authors: Gabetta Giovanna 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this paper, I will attempt to summarize my experience of approximately 35 years on environmental fatigue damage, which I gained from industries outside Milan, Italy, and as a visiting scientist at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC. I will present a brief summary of my understanding of the topic of environmentally assisted fatigue of metals. About halfway in my career, I moved from the nuclear industry towards the oil and gas industry. This shift allowed me to understand that environmentally assisted cracking, which is an important topic for pipeline steels, is also similar to the nuclear pressure vessel steel community and that the problems are similar. At the same time, I became aware that the scientific communities are not working well to communicate the issues and challenges. People working in one industrial sector do not seem to appreciate the contribution from another industrial sector. This is understandable, as there are industrial rules and regulations. Because of such constraints, a knowledge gap is introduced into the technical community. This lack of cooperation slows down the progress of relevant research, especially nowadays, when we are facing increasingly complex service situations that may lead to failures. While trying to cope with such difficulties, I became interested in knowledge management. I learned that there is a need to build bridges between contemporary science, engineering, and business. We are facing big challenges in analyzing failures, and maybe it is time to do things differently and consolidate different disciplines of engineering with applications that can give us more reliable predictions. Organizations and companies worldwide are currently facing (a) increasing quantity of available information on material usage, (b) increasing number of people with high education in science and engineering, (c) increasing complexity of the failure problems to be solved, and (d) increasing lack of communication between institutions. It is estimated that the material loss in the US due to corrosion alone is approximately $300 billion per year. The necessity of knowing, understanding, and processing such complex data and problems is a very large task. Thus, there is a need for exploiting the technical information and using communication technology tools to help support teamwork, networking, using available experience and expertise, and, hopefully, international cooperation. Knowledge management involves a cultural change to stimulate a better use of all types of resources. Progress will be slow and difficult if we do not learn how to cope with this new situation.
Defect tolerance under environmentally assisted cracking conditions
Authors: de Castro Jaime Tupiassú Pinho , Landim Rodrigo Vieira , Meggiolaro Marco Antonio 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Notch sensitivity effects under environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) conditions have been recently quantified considering the tolerance to short cracks that may start at their tips and become nonpropagating after growing for a while, a behavior that depends on the stress gradients ahead of the notch tips and on the basic material resistances to crack initiation and propagation inside an aggressive medium. This model can provide a powerful alternative design tool for the pass/nonpass criterion traditionally used to deal with such mechanical-chemical problems, since it properly considers and quantifies the stress analysis issues that affect them. The model uses the analogy between the notch sensitivity behavior under fatigue and under EAC conditions, so it quantifies how the stress gradient around the notch tips affects the tolerance to mechanically short cracks that depart from there, considering the characteristics of the loading and of the notch geometry, as well as the basic material properties inside the given environment, expressed by its EAC resistances to crack initiation from a smooth surface S
EAC and to crack propagation K
IEAC, without the need for any data fitting parameter. Moreover, since this model has been validated by proper tests, it can be used to propose a defect-tolerant design criterion under EAC conditions that includes the unavoidable notch effects always present in actual structural components.
Focus group evaluation of a service leadership subject in Hong Kong
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Law Moon Y.M. , Liu Ting T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTwo focus groups with six randomly selected students were conducted to understand the views and experiences of students taking a subject entitled “Service Leadership” at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Several observations were highlighted from the findings. First, students generally had positive views of the subject. Second, students felt that they had positive experience in the subject. Third, the instructors were seen in a positive light by the students. Fourth, the students perceived the subject to be beneficial to their development. Fifth, students had positive impression about the subject. Finally, recommendations regarding time allocation, teaching style, and classroom environment were expressed by the students.
Evaluation of an innovative leadership training program for Chinese students: subjective outcome evaluation
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Li Xiang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAs a part of the Global Youth Leadership Program (GYLP), a 30-h “Service Leadership” subject was provided to 48 undergraduate students studying at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) or Peking University (PKU). This study evaluated the subjective outcomes of the “Service Leadership” subject, including students’ views on the course contents, lecturers, and perceived benefits from the course. A majority of students in the program showed very positive perceptions of the course content, lecturers, and course benefits, with more than 85% of the students indicating that they were very satisfied with this subject and would suggest their friends to take the subject. As expected, the three domains of program effectiveness were significantly correlated amongst themselves, and these domains had different impacts on student overall satisfaction with the course as well as on student willingness to recommend this course to others and participate in similar courses again in the future.
Evaluation of a general education program in Hong Kong: secondary data analyses based on student feedback questionnaires
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Yu Lu , Ngai Joe 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe General University Requirements (GUR) at The Polytechnic University of Hong Kong (PolyU) has been developed and implemented since the 2012–13 academic year under the reform of education system in Hong Kong. To examine the effectiveness of GUR at PolyU, the present study investigated student’s subjective perception in the academic years of 2012–13 and 2013–14 using the Student Feedback Questionnaires. Results showed that the GUR subjects were generally well-received by the students. Besides, students held different perceptions of different GUR components, and there was improvement in students’ learning experience and staff teaching over time. While there was an increased satisfaction with Language and Communication Requirements subjects, there was a decline in satisfaction with Service Learning subjects.
Assessment of High-Stakes Testing, Hopeful Thinking, and Goal Orientation among Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: March Alice L. , Robinson Cecil 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground and Objectives: High-stakes didactic testing assesses competency. Exams are stressful, and decreasing anxiety may enhance learning. Academic progression and graduation rates may result when higher levels of hopeful thinking (the belief in one’s ability to achieve desired goals), and certain achievement goal orientation (why one desires to succeed) are present.Methods: This non-experimental study engaged undergraduate nursing students via surveys to examined relationships among hopeful thinking, goal orientation, and scores on standardized high-stakes examination of students.Results: Regression analyses (N= 151) indicated that hopeful thinking was significantly related to higher exam scores, and that performance-avoidance goal scores were significantly related to lower scores.Conclusion: The positive relationship between hopeful thinking and exam scores suggests the need to consider supporting hopeful thinking in nursing education. Additional research may explicate the relationship between performance-avoidance and scores on high-stakes exams.
Identification of biological models described by systems of nonlinear differential equations
Authors: Kabanikhin Sergey I. , Krivorotko Olga I. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Four simple mathematical models of pharmacokinetic, competition between immune and tumor cells, infectious disease and tuberculosis epidemic are considered. An optimization approach for identification those models based on gradient type methods is introduced. Inverse problems are formulated in the form of an operator equation and then reduced to the minimization of the corresponding misfit functionals. The adjoint problems are used for the calculation of gradients. A mathematical model of competition between immune and tumor cells is considered numerically. The results of a numerical experiment are demonstrated.
Kolonialkriege und Raum
Authors: Kuß Susanne 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Any analysis of colonial wars involves not only an investigation of the causes of (usually extremely violent) actions from the perspective of the colonial Metropole, rather it requires us to relate military operations to the circumstances prevailing in each colonial theater of war. Undoubtedly there is a semantic link between the colonial theater of war and space. Nevertheless, studies of colonial wars tend to assume that colonial space had developed prior to the arrival of the colonial power, after which it remained unchanged. As a result, colonial military historians tend to restrict themselves to examining the events of these wars, whilst ignoring the influence of space on their conduct. Using the example of the German colonial wars, the article argues that space/environment represents more than just the backdrop for the military events playing out in it, but acts as an important factor conditioning the outcome of the conflict.