bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling spatial correlation between earthquake insured losses in New Zealand: A mixed‐effects analysis
Authors: Di Lascio F. Marta L. , Noy Ilan , Perazzini Selene 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEarthquake insurance is a critical risk management strategy that contributes to improving recovery and thus greater resilience of individuals. Insurance companies construct premiums without taking into account spatial correlations between insured assets. This leads to potentially underestimating the risk, and therefore the exceedance probability curve. We here propose a mixed‐effects model to estimate losses per ward that is able to account for heteroskedasticity and spatial correlation between insured losses. Given the significant impact of earthquakes in New Zealand due to its particular geographical and demographic characteristics, the government has established a public insurance company that collects information about the insured buildings and any claims lodged. We thus develop a two‐level variance component model that is based on earthquake losses observed in New Zealand between 2000 and 2021. The proposed model aims at capturing the variability at both the ward and territorial authority levels and includes independent variables, such as seismic hazard indicators, the number of usual residents, and the average dwelling value in the ward. Our model is able to detect spatial correlation in the losses at the ward level thus increasing its predictive power and making it possible to assess the effect of spatially correlated claims that may be considerable on the tail of loss distribution.
Family alliance and infants’ vagal tone: The mediating role of infants’ reactions to unadjusted parental behaviors
Authors: Rattaz Valentine , Tissot Hervé , Puglisi Nilo , Epiney Manuella , Razurel Chantal , Favez Nicolas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe investigated the influence of family alliance on infants’ vagal tone. Physiological studies have shown that the quality of mother–infant interactions can influence infants’ vagal tone, which is an important indicator of emotion regulation. Although research has shown that family‐level relationships have a unique impact on child development, little is known about the association between the quality of mother–father–infant interactions and infants’ physiological regulation during a family interaction task. We hypothesized that infants in families with a greater family alliance, that is, degree of coordination reached by parents when completing a task, will have higher vagal tone than will infants in families with a lower family alliance. We also hypothesized that this association would be mediated by the amount of intrusive and withdrawn parental behaviors and by the impact of these behaviors on the infant during mother–father–infant interactions. This study included 82 parents with their 3‐month‐old infants. Results showed that family alliance was associated with infants’ vagal tone during triadic interactions and that the impact of intrusive/withdrawn parental behaviors on the interaction partially mediated this association.
Understanding the causes of skincare product pilling
Authors: LUA Bee Leng , RUAN Linda , LYU Ying , LIU Simon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundSkincare and makeup “pilling” is an unsightly and undesirable phenomenon whereby skincare such as moisturizers or foundation ball up to form flakes on the skin. To date, the causes of skincare product pilling have not been studied. This study aimed to examine the relationship between skin physiology and pilling potential of sunscreen and foundation (the two products most reported by consumers to cause pilling). This study also examined the effects of product application methods on pilling.Materials and methods528 female volunteers from Guangzhou, China, aged between 20 and 49 years, underwent various clinical skin assessments, followed by three steps of product layering. Pilling was assessed after each product application step.Results217 volunteers (41%) experienced pilling. The majority of pilling (n = 655 events) occurred following sunscreen application, while only a few pilling events (n = 35) occurred with foundation. Foundation improved pilling caused by sunscreen in 98.9% of cases. Volunteers experiencing pilling with both sunscreen and foundation had significantly lower facial skin hydration and oiliness, higher pH, and smoother skin texture (P < 0.05). Two application methods, rubbing of products in circular and linear motions, yielded the highest numbers of pilling events.ConclusionThis study has provided the first insights into the causes of pilling. Sunscreen is a promoter of pilling, while foundation may resolve sunscreen‐induced pilling in many cases. Skin physiology, particularly drier, smoother skin with higher pH, and product application methods are likely contributing factors to this undesirable phenomenon.
Transient asymptotics of the modified Camassa–Holm equation
Authors: Xu Taiyang , Yang Yiling , Zhang Lun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe investigate long time asymptotics of the modified Camassa–Holm equation in three transition zones under a nonzero background. The first transition zone lies between the soliton region and the first oscillatory region, the second one lies between the second oscillatory region and the fast decay region, and possibly, the third one, namely, the collisionless shock region, that bridges the first transition region and the first oscillatory region. Under a low regularity condition on the initial data, we obtain Painlevé‐type asymptotic formulae in the first two transition regions, while the transient asymptotics in the third region involves the Jacobi theta function. We establish our results by performing a nonlinear steepest descent analysis to the associated Riemann–Hilbert problem.
Reduced and All-at-Once Approaches for Model Calibration and Discovery in Computational Solid Mechanics
Authors: Römer Ulrich , Hartmann Stefan , Tröger Jendrik-Alexander , Anton David , Wessels Henning , Flaschel Moritz , De Lorenzis Laura 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the framework of solid mechanics, the task of deriving material parameters from experimental data has recently re-emerged with the progress in full-field measurement capabilities and the renewed advances of machine learning. In this context, new methods such as the virtual fields method and physics-informed neural networks have been developed as alternatives to the already established least-squares and finite element-based approaches. Moreover, model discovery problems are emerging and can also be addressed in a parameter estimation framework.
These developments call for a new unified perspective, which is able to cover both traditional parameter estimation methods and novel approaches in which the state variables or the model structure itself are inferred as well.
Adopting concepts discussed in the inverse problems community, we distinguish between all-at-once and reduced approaches. With this general framework, we are able to structure a large portion of the literature on parameter estimation in computational mechanics -- and we can identify combinations that have not yet been addressed, two of which are proposed in this paper.
We also discuss statistical approaches to quantify the uncertainty related to the estimated parameters, and we propose a novel two-step procedure for identification of complex material models based on both frequentist and Bayesian principles.
Finally, we illustrate and compare several of the aforementioned methods with mechanical benchmarks based on synthetic and experimental data.
Investigation on a Class of 2D Profile Amplified Stroke Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Wang Xi , Raimondi Luca , Axinte Dragos , Dong Xin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) have been widely studied in soft robotics due to their muscle-like movements. Linear DEAs are typically tensioned using compression springs with positive stiffness or weights directly attached to the flexible film of the DEA. In this paper, a novel class of 2D profile linear DEAs (butterfly- and X-shaped linear DEAs) with compact structure is introduced, which, employing negative-stiffness mechanisms, can largely increase the stroke of the actuators. Then, a dynamic model of the proposed amplified-stroke linear DEAs (ASL-DEAs) is developed and used to predict the actuator stroke. The fabrication process of linear DEAs is presented. This, using compliant joints, 3D-printed links, and dielectric elastomer, allows for rapid and affordable production. The experimental validation of the butterfly- and X-shaped linear DEAs proved capable of increasing the stroke up to 32.7% and 24.0%, respectively, compared with the conventional design employing springs and constant weights. Finally, the dynamic model is validated against the experimental data of stroke amplitude and output force; errors smaller than 10.5% for a large stroke amplitude (60% of maximum stroke) and 10.5% on the output force are observed.
Development of a Jumping Mechanism Inspired by Leg Synchronization of Planthopper
Authors: Onozawa Yoshinobu , Yagi Keisuke , Mori Yoshikazu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We developed a small jumping mechanism inspired by planthopper. The planthopper jump is characterized by two functions of the hind legs; the leg synchronization using physical contact of the trochanter head and the power amplification using a torque reversal latch. The proposed jump mechanism adopts the unique leg synchronization strategy of the planthopper, and the nymphal and adult models of the hind legs are designed. However, the power amplification is modified to incorporate two torque reversal structures in a single-motion axis. The mechanisms were fabricated by 3D printer with polylactic acid (PLA) material and equipped with extension springs. They weighed 26 g and performed 260 cm vertical jump within one rotation in the frontal plane. The jump height is over 40 times greater than the body length. The experimental findings indicate that the precise synchronization of the rapid leg movement is an effective approach for the design of a jumping mechanism.
HyperMATE: A Novel Aerothermal Testing Facility at the University of Tennessee
Authors: Trotsky Mitchell , Isaacs Christian T. , Samuels Killian , Baccarella Damiano 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The design and implementation of new thermal protection systems for hypersonic flight requires extensive knowledge of how the high-temperature, chemically reacting flow interacts with the material surface. Analysis of these gas–surface interactions is commonly performed in high-enthalpy ground testing facilities, however the demand and cost of large-scale plasma wind tunnels reduces their viability for supporting the material development process. To this end, the University of Tennessee has constructed a continuous 60-kW plasma torch facility known as Hypersonic MAterial TEsting (HyperMATE). This torch utilizes three commercial plasma cutters as plasma sources that discharge to a common copper anode. The plumes mix in a plenum chamber past the anode and evacuate from a converging nozzle, producing a subsonic flow that mimics the stagnation point heating conditions encountered in hypersonic flight. This paper focuses on the design and characterization of this facility, describing the electric arc generation process and detailing the experimental techniques used for characterizing the flow temperature, pressure, and heat flux. A testing campaign on graphite disks will be discussed, displaying the capabilities of the facility and the optical instrumentation used to measure in situ surface temperature and emissivity.
Effects of Ribbed Crossflow Channel in a Turbine Blade on Film Cooling Performance of Diffusion Slot Holes with Various Cross Section Orientations
Authors: Hu Jia-Jun , An Bai-Tao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of ribbed crossflow on the film cooling performance of a turbine rotor blade. A pressure-sensitive paint measurement technique was employed to measure the effectiveness of film cooling. The discharge coefficients were also measured to determine the flow resistance. A row of film holes was positioned at the pressure surface or suction surface with a spanwise hole spacing of 7.5D, which is half of the rib spacing. The experiments were carried out at a mainstream Reynolds number of 520,000, a turbulence intensity of 3.6%, and a density ratio of 0.97. The crossflow inlet velocity was 45% of the cascade inlet velocity. A fan-shaped hole with a 14 deg expansion angle (Fans-14), a horizontally oriented slot cross section diffusion hole with a 14 deg expansion angle (H1.7-14), and two vertically oriented slot cross section diffusion holes with 14 deg (V1.7-14) and 20 deg (V1.7-20) expansion angles were tested with/without crossflow. The results indicated that the slot cross-sectional orientation significantly changes the flow patterns inside the holes. H1.7-14 has stronger lateral expansion and better surface adhesion, while V1.7-14 and V1.7-20 yield more uniform lateral velocity distributions. Regardless of crossflow, H1.7-14 produces the highest film effectiveness and discharge coefficient on the pressure surface, while it changes to V1.7-20 on the suction surface. The ribbed crossflow increases the film effectiveness on both the pressure surface and suction surface, except for V1.7-20, as it is almost unaffected by the crossflow.
Effects of Aluminum Plate Initial Residual Stress on Machined-Part Distortion
Authors: Seger Michael , Mathews Ritin , Marais Deon , Venter Andrew M. , Halley Jeremiah , Wang Jyhwen , Malik Arif 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Dimensional tolerances for high-speed-machined aluminum products continue to tighten due to the demand for automated assembly of complex monolithic parts in aerospace and other industries. Understanding the contribution of inherent residual stress in wrought Al 7050-T7451 plate, common in aircraft manufacture, to distortion of high-aspect-ratio machined parts is critical but remains problematic due to the alloy's low residual stress magnitude over large geometries. Prior investigations into residual stress effects on machined part distortion suffer inadequate characterizations of the wrought material stress field, either because of low fidelity due to “slitting” methods, confounding effects in machined-layer removal methods, or small sample size when using neutron diffraction (ND). In this work, inherent residual stress is measured via ND at 860 locations in a 90.5 mm thick Al 7050-T7451 plate having dimensions 399 mm in the rolling direction and 335 mm in the transverse direction. Unlike prior studies, the ND residual stress is reconstructed using an iterative algorithm to ensure fully compatible, equilibrated 3D field prior to examining its effect on distortion. The findings from simulations and experiments show that inherent residual stress alone could distort a high-aspect-ratio part beyond aerospace industry requirements, that slitting measurements may not sufficiently characterize residual stress for predicted distortion, and that parts machined from different plate thickness locations could exhibit reversed distortion patterns. Thus, research into distortion prediction that considers machining should carefully characterize and reconstruct inherent residual stress so that the coupled machining effects are accurately modeled.
Low humidity enhances Zika virus infection and dissemination in
Aedes aegypti
mosquitoes
Authors: Abu Angel Elma I. , Becker Margaret , Accoti Anastasia , Sylla Massamba , Dickson Laura B. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

As climate change alters Earth’s biomes, it is expected the transmission dynamics of mosquito-borne viruses will change. While the effects of temperature changes on mosquito-virus interactions and the spread of the pathogens have been elucidated over the last decade, the impact of relative humidity changes is still relatively unknown. To overcome this knowledge gap, we exposed
Aedes aegypti
females to various humidity conditions. We measured different components of vectorial capacity such as survival, blood-feeding rates, and changes in infection and dissemination of Zika virus. Survival decreased as the humidity level decreased, while infection rates increased as the humidity level decreased. Alternatively, blood feeding rates and disseminated infection rates peaked at the intermediate 50% relative humidity treatment but were the same in the 30% and 80% relative humidity treatments. These results provide empirical evidence that
Ae. aegypti
exposure to low humidity can enhance Zika virus infection in the mosquito, which has important implications in predicting how climate change will impact mosquito-borne viruses.

IMPORTANCE
Viruses transmitted by mosquitoes to humans are a major public health burden and are expected to increase under climate change. While we know that temperature is an important driver of variation in arbovirus replication in the mosquito, very little is known about how other relevant climate variables such as humidity will influence the interaction between mosquitoes and the viruses they transmit. Given the variability in humidity across environments, and the predicted changes in humidity under climate change, it is imperative that we also study the impact that it has on mosquito infection and transmission of arboviruses.
Evaluating local open-source large language models for data extraction from unstructured reports on mechanical thrombectomy in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Meddeb Aymen , Ebert Philipe , Bressem Keno Kyrill , Desser Dmitriy , Dell'Orco Andrea , Bohner Georg , Kleine Justus F , Siebert Eberhard , Grauhan Nils , Brockmann Marc A , Othman Ahmed , Scheel Michael , Nawabi Jawed 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundA study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of open-source large language models (LLMs) in extracting clinical data from unstructured mechanical thrombectomy reports in patients with ischemic stroke caused by a vessel occlusion.MethodsWe deployed local open-source LLMs to extract data points from free-text procedural reports in patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy between September 2020 and June 2023 in our institution. The external dataset was obtained from a second university hospital and comprised consecutive cases treated between September 2023 and March 2024. Ground truth labeling was facilitated by a human-in-the-loop (HITL) approach, with time metrics recorded for both automated and manual data extractions. We tested three models—Mixtral, Qwen, and BioMistral—assessing their performance on precision, recall, and F1 score across 15 clinical categories such as National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, occluded vessels, and medication details.ResultsThe study included 1000 consecutive reports from our primary institution and 50 reports from a secondary institution. Mixtral showed the highest precision, achieving 0.99 for first series time extraction and 0.69 for occluded vessel identification within the internal dataset. In the external dataset, precision ranged from 1.00 for NIHSS scores to 0.70 for occluded vessels. Qwen showed moderate precision with a high of 0.85 for NIHSS scores and a low of 0.28 for occluded vessels. BioMistral had the broadest range of precision, from 0.81 for first series times to 0.14 for medication details. The HITL approach yielded an average time savings of 65.6% per case, with variations from 45.95% to 79.56%.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential of using LLMs for automated clinical data extraction from medical reports. Incorporating HITL annotations enhances precision and also ensures the reliability of the extracted data. This methodology presents a scalable privacy-preserving option that can significantly support clinical documentation and research endeavors.
Association of positive airway pressure termination with mortality and non-fatal cardiovascular events in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Sabil AbdelKebir , Launois Claire , Trzepizur Wojchiech , Goupil François , Pigeanne Thierry , Launois Sandrine , Leclair-Visonneau Laurène , Masson Philippe , Bizieux-Thaminy Acya , Kerbat Sandrine , Bailly Sebastien , Gagnadoux Frédéric 
Published: August 2024

Background and aims
The recurrence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) after positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy termination has physiological consequences that may increase cardiovascular (CV) risk. We aimed to determine whether PAP termination is associated with an increased incidence of major adverse CV events (MACE) compared with adherent PAP continuation.

Methods
Data from the Pays de la Loire Sleep Cohort were linked to the French national health insurance database to identify incident MACE (composite outcome of mortality, stroke and cardiac diseases), and CV active drug (lipid-lowering, antihypertensive and antiplatelet drugs, beta-blockers) adherence (medication possession ratio ≥80%). The association of PAP termination with MACE was evaluated using a time-dependent survival Cox model, with adjustment for confounders including CV active drug status.

Results
After a median follow-up of 8 years, 969 of 4188 included patients (median age 58 years, 69.6% men) experienced MACE, 1485 had terminated PAP while 2703 continued PAP with at least 4 hours/night use. 38% of patients were adherent to all CV drugs in the PAP continuation group versus 28% in the PAP termination group (p<0.0001). After adjustment for confounders, PAP termination was associated with an increased risk of MACE (HR (95% CI): 1.39 (1.20 to 1.62); p<0.0001). PAP termination was not associated with incident heart failure and coronary artery disease.

Conclusions
In this multicentre clinical-based cohort involving 4188 patients with OSA, PAP termination compared with adherent PAP continuation was associated with an increased risk of MACE. More research is needed to determine whether support programmes on PAP adherence could improve CV outcomes.