bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earnings Quality: Evidence from Canadian Firms' Choice between IFRS and U.S. GAAP
Authors: Burnett Brian M. , Gordon Elizabeth A. , Jorgensen Bjorn N. , Linthicum Cheryl L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFor fiscal years starting on or after January 1, 2011, Canada abandoned Canadian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and adopted International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), but permitted firms cross‐listed in the United States to adopt U.S. GAAP instead. We document that the number of Canadian firms reporting under U.S. GAAP increased after Canada adopted IFRS. We find that cross‐listed firms are more likely to choose IFRS, if IFRS is the standard most commonly used by the leading global firms in their industry. In addition, we find that firms more likely to choose IFRS are larger, of civil law legal origin, have less U.S. operations, report exploration expense, have fewer U.S. shareholders, and report higher stockholders' equity under Canadian GAAP than under U.S. GAAP. Of these, we find that the convergence benefits of comparability with industry peers are the most significant determinant in firms' choice of standard. Further, we are unable to document changes in earnings quality from cross‐listed firms adopting IFRS or U.S. GAAP or that earnings quality changed for firms adopting IFRS relative to firms adopting U.S. GAAP.
Variation and Trends in Charges for Pediatric Care in Massachusetts Emergency Departments, 2000–2011
Authors: Monuteaux Michael C. , Bourgeois Florence T. , Mannix Rebekah , Samnaliev Mihail , Stack Anne M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectivesEmergency department (ED) utilization by children is common and growing more expensive. Tracking trends and variability in ED charges is essential for policymakers who strive to improve the efficiency of the health care system and for payers who prepare health care budget forecasts. Our objective was to examine trends and variability in ED charges for pediatric patients across Massachusetts.MethodsThis was a comprehensive analysis of the statewide database containing all the visits of children aged 0 to 18 years evaluated in any of the state's EDs from 2000 to 2011, excluding patients with chronic medical conditions and those whose visits resulted in hospital admission. A validated system designed to specifically classify pediatric emergency patients into major diagnostic groups was used. Mean charges as well as interhospital variability of charges over time were examined for the most common diagnostic groups.ResultsSeventy‐six hospitals provided emergency care in Massachusetts during the study period, with 6,249,923 pediatric patients treated and discharged. Statewide charges significantly increased from 2000 until 2007/2008, before plateauing or decreasing through 2011. There was no evidence that interhospital variability changed over time. With the exception of academic teaching status, no hospital‐level factors emerged as consistent predictors of charges.ConclusionsCharges for common pediatric emergency conditions varied widely across Massachusetts EDs, and hospital‐level factors by and large could not consistently explain the variability. Although a plateau (and in some cases decrease) of statewide pediatric emergency health care charges was observed after 2007, no evidence was found that interhospital variability decreased. These data may be useful in the ongoing effort to reform the economics of health care delivery systems.
Analgesia, nil or placebo to babies, in trials that test new analgesic treatments for procedural pain
Authors: Bellieni Carlo V. , Johnston C Celeste 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis review assessed how often neonates in control groups experienced unnecessary pain during clinical trials involving procedural pain. We retrieved 45 studies in the 30 months up to June 2015 and found that in 29 (64%) the control babies received either placebos or no treatment. Placebos were used in 15/25 (60%) studies involving heel pricks and in 6/8 (75%) involving venepuncture.ConclusionDespite international guidelines, neonates included in control groups during painful procedures do not receive analgesia in the majority of cases. Several historical reasons can explain this, but in the light of present knowledge, this should not continue. Ethical committees are thereof invited since now to not permit clinical trials that do not explicitly rule out pain during treatments and journals are invited to not publish them.
Propagation of elite rescue dogs by somatic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Oh Hyun Ju , Choi Jin , Kim Min Jung , Kim Geon A , Jo Young Kwang , Choi Yoo Bin , Lee Byeong Chun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to compare the efficiency of two oocyte activation culture media to produce cloned dogs from an elite rescue dog and to analyze their behavioral tendencies. In somatic cell nuclear transfer procedure, fused couplets were activated by calcium ionophore treatment for 4 min, cultured in two media: modified synthetic oviduct fluid (mSOF) with 1.9 mmol/L 6‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) (SOF‐DMAP) or porcine zygote medium (PZM‐5) with 1.9 mmol/L DMAP (PZM‐DMAP) for 4 h, and then were transferred into recipients. After embryo transfer, pregnancy was detected in one out of three surrogate mothers that received cloned embryos from the PZM‐DMAP group (33.3%), and one pregnancy (25%) was detected in four surrogate mothers receiving cloned embryos from the SOF‐DMAP group. Each pregnant dog gave birth to one healthy cloned puppy by cesarean section. We conducted the puppy aptitude test with two cloned puppies; the two cloned puppies were classified as the same type, accepting humans and leaders easily. The present study indicated that the type of medium used in 6‐DMAP culture did not increase in cloning efficiency and dogs cloned using donor cells derived from one elite dog have similar behavioral tendencies.
Production of a bacteriocin‐like inhibitory substance by Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum 213M0 isolated from Mongolian fermented mare milk, airag
Authors: Arakawa Kensuke , Yoshida Saki , Aikawa Hiroki , Hano Chihiro , Bolormaa Tsognemekh , Burenjargal Sedkhuu , Miyamoto Taku 
Published: September 2015

AbstractStrain 213M0 was selected with productivity of a bacteriocin‐like inhibitory substance (BLIS) among 235 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Mongolian fermented milk ‘airag’. Strain 213M0 was species‐identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum by morphological observation, carbohydrate fermentation profiling and sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Incubation temperature proper to produce the BLIS was 25°C rather than 30 and 37°C, and the production actively proceeded during the exponential growth phase of the producer cells. Antibacterial effect of BLIS 213M0 was limited to all nine strains of Listeria sp. bacteria and seven strains of LAB cocci among 53 tested strains, which corresponds to a typical feature of the class IIa pediocin‐like bacteriocins. BLIS 213M0 was not inactivated in every broad pH range solution (pH 2.0‐11.0), and was stable against storage at 25°C for 1 week and heating at 121°C for 15 min under pH 4.5. Peptide frame of BLIS 213M0 was confirmed by inactivation with some peptidases, and then its molecular weight was estimated to be 2.6‐3.0 kDa using an in situ activity assay following sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The estimated size was different from the other Leuconostoc bacteriocins already reported. These results suggest that BLIS 213M0 would be a novel listericidal bacteriocin.
Smartphone data as an electronic biomarker of illness activity in bipolar disorder
Authors: Faurholt‐Jepsen Maria , Vinberg Maj , Frost Mads , Christensen Ellen Margrethe , Bardram Jakob E , Kessing Lars Vedel 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesObjective methods are lacking for continuous monitoring of illness activity in bipolar disorder. Smartphones offer unique opportunities for continuous monitoring and automatic collection of real‐time data. The objectives of the paper were to test the hypotheses that (i) daily electronic self‐monitored data and (ii) automatically generated objective data collected using smartphones correlate with clinical ratings of depressive and manic symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder.MethodsSoftware for smartphones (the MONARCA I system) that collects automatically generated objective data and self‐monitored data on illness activity in patients with bipolar disorder was developed by the authors. A total of 61 patients aged 18–60 years and with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder according to ICD‐10 used the MONARCA I system for six months. Depressive and manic symptoms were assessed monthly using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17‐item (HDRS‐17) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), respectively. Data are representative of over 400 clinical ratings. Analyses were computed using linear mixed‐effect regression models allowing for both between individual variation and within individual variation over time.ResultsAnalyses showed significant positive correlations between the duration of incoming and outgoing calls/day and scores on the HDRS‐17, and significant positive correlations between the number and duration of incoming calls/day and scores on the YMRS; the number of and duration of outgoing calls/day and scores on the YMRS; and the number of outgoing text messages/day and scores on the YMRS. Analyses showed significant negative correlations between self‐monitored data (i.e., mood and activity) and scores on the HDRS‐17, and significant positive correlations between self‐monitored data (i.e., mood and activity) and scores on the YMRS. Finally, the automatically generated objective data were able to discriminate between affective states.ConclusionsAutomatically generated objective data and self‐monitored data collected using smartphones correlate with clinically rated depressive and manic symptoms and differ between affective states in patients with bipolar disorder. Smartphone apps represent an easy and objective way to monitor illness activity with real‐time data in bipolar disorder and may serve as an electronic biomarker of illness activity.
A Flexible, Computationally Efficient Method for Fitting the Proportional Hazards Model to Interval-Censored Data
Authors: Wang Lianming , McMahan Christopher S. , Hudgens Michael G. , Qureshi Zaina P. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe proportional hazards model (PH) is currently the most popular regression model for analyzing time-to-event data. Despite its popularity, the analysis of interval-censored data under the PH model can be challenging using many available techniques. This article presents a new method for analyzing interval-censored data under the PH model. The proposed approach uses a monotone spline representation to approximate the unknown nondecreasing cumulative baseline hazard function. Formulating the PH model in this fashion results in a finite number of parameters to estimate while maintaining substantial modeling flexibility. A novel expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is developed for finding the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters. The derivation of the EM algorithm relies on a two-stage data augmentation involving latent Poisson random variables. The resulting algorithm is easy to implement, robust to initialization, enjoys quick convergence, and provides closed-form variance estimates. The performance of the proposed regression methodology is evaluated through a simulation study, and is further illustrated using data from a large population-based randomized trial designed and sponsored by the United States National Cancer Institute.
Duration and numerical estimation in right brain‐damaged patients with and without neglect: Lack of support for a mental time line
Authors: Masson Nicolas , Pesenti Mauro , Dormal Valérie 
Published: September 2015

Previous studies have shown that left neglect patients are impaired when they have to orient their attention leftward relative to a standard in numerical comparison tasks. This finding has been accounted for by the idea that numerical magnitudes are represented along a spatial continuum oriented from left to right with small magnitudes on the left and large magnitudes on the right. Similarly, it has been proposed that duration could be represented along a mental time line that shares the properties of the number continuum. By comparing directly duration and numerosity processing, this study investigates whether or not the performance of neglect patients supports the hypothesis of a mental time line. Twenty‐two right brain‐damaged patients (11 with and 11 without left neglect), as well as 11 age‐matched healthy controls, had to judge whether a single dot presented visually lasted shorter or longer than 500 ms and whether a sequence of flashed dots was smaller or larger than 5. Digit spans were also assessed to measure verbal working memory capacities. In duration comparison, no spatial‐duration bias was found in neglect patients. Moreover, a significant correlation between verbal working memory and duration performance was observed in right brain‐damaged patients, irrespective of the presence or absence of neglect. In numerical comparison, only neglect patients showed an enhanced distance effect for numerical magnitude smaller than the standard. These results do not support the hypothesis of the existence of a mental continuum oriented from left to right for duration. We discuss an alternative account to explain the duration impairment observed in right brain‐damaged patients.
The urologist's role in multidisciplinary management of placenta percreta
Authors: Norris Briony L. , Everaerts Wouter , Posma Elske , Murphy Declan G. , Umstad Mark P. , Costello Anthony J. , Wrede C. David , Kearsley Jamie 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate urological interventions in patients with placental adhesive disorders in our collaborative experience at a tertiary referral centre.Patients and MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected data set, consisting of all women that presented with placental adhesive disorders at the Royal Women's Hospital from August 2009 to September 2013. Patients who required urological intervention were identified and perioperative details were retrieved.ResultsOf the 49 women that presented with placental adhesive disorders, 36 (73.5%) underwent urological interventions. The patients were divided into three groups: planned hysterectomy (37 patients), planned conservative management (five) and undiagnosed placenta percreta (seven). In the planned hysterectomy group, 29 patients underwent preoperative cystoscopy and ureteric catheter placement. In 10 patients (34%), the placenta partially invaded the bladder and/or ureter, requiring urological repair. In the conservative management group, four underwent preoperative cystoscopy and ureteric catheter placement, and one case required closure of a cystotomy. Of the seven patients with undiagnosed percreta, two were noted to have bladder involvement requiring repair at the time of Caesarean hysterectomy.ConclusionPatients with placental adhesive disorders frequently require urological intervention to prevent or repair injury to the urinary tract. These cases are best managed in specialist centres with multidisciplinary expertise including urologists and interventional radiologists.
Maternal factors in the origin of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: A population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Vermes Gabor , László Daniel , Czeizel† Andrew E. , Ács Nándor 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn most patients affected by isolated infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) the etiology is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate possible maternal risk factors in the origin of IHPS. The study samples included 241 cases with IHPS, 357 matched controls and 38 151 population controls without any defect in the population‐based large dataset of the Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980–1996. Exposures that had been medically recorded in prenatal maternity logbooks during the critical period of IHPS were evaluated separately. The findings of this case‐control study suggested that – beyond the well‐known robust male excess (85.5%) – maternal hyperthyroidism (OR with 95% CI: 4.17, 1.53–11.38) and oral nalidixic acid treatment (OR with 95% CI: 6.53, 3.03–14.06) associated with a higher risk for IHPS in their children. In conclusion, our findings suggest that cases with IHPS had mothers with a higher proportion of hyperthyroidism and nalidixic acid treatment during pregnancy.
Clinical Fitting and Adjustment Time for Implant‐Supported Crowns Comparing Digital and Conventional Workflows
Authors: Joda Tim , Katsoulis Joannis , Brägger Urs 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate clinical and laboratory performance of implant‐supported reconstructions comparing the digital to the conventional workflow.Materials and MethodsTwenty study participants were treated in a cross‐over design for single‐tooth replacement in posterior sites, each with a customized titanium abutment plus computer‐assisted design and computer‐assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM)‐zirconia‐suprastructure (test: digital workflow; n = 20) and a standardized titanium abutment plus PFM‐crown (control: conventional pathway; n = 20). Evaluation of the 40 reconstructions included: 1) feasibility of laboratory cross‐mounting of each abutment‐crown‐connection, and 2) assessment of adaptation time for clinical adjustments of interproximal and occlusal surfaces. Statistical analyses were performed using the exact Wilcoxon rank sum tests.ResultsLaboratory cross‐mounting was feasible for three reconstruction pairings revealing a 15% vice versa transfer success rate. All implant crowns could be provided successfully within two clinical appointments, independently of the workflow used. The mean clinical adjustment time was significantly lower (p < .001) for test reconstructions from the digital workflow with 2.2 min (standard deviation [SD] ± 2.1) compared with the ones from the conventional pathway with 6.0 min (SD ± 3.9).ConclusionsThe digital workflow was almost threefold more efficient than the established conventional pathway for fixed implant‐supported crowns. Clinical fitting could be predictably achieved with no or minor adjustments within the digital process of intraoral scanning plus CAD/CAM technology.
Ischemic and injured bowel evaluation by Fluorescence imaging
Authors: Nowak K. , Sandra‐Petrescu F. , Post S. , Horisberger K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimAlthough fluorescence has been proposed for estimation of bowel perfusion decades ago it is still not widely used. In emergency situations like mesenteric ischemia, fluorescence might give objective criteria to evaluate the perfusion and guide the decisions of surgeons.MethodThe use of near‐inrafrared angiography by PinPoint (Novadaq) in a serial of four emergency situations of acute mesenteric ischemia has been evaluated in a university hospital setting.ResultsThe use of the near‐infrared tool is in emergency situations easy to handle and little time‐consuming. The angiography showed clearly the perfusion in regions that were not estimated as recoverable by the surgeons. In one of the cases a significant amount of bowel could be spared by use of the system.ConclusionAlthough the assessment of the perfusion with the applied system is comprehensible, it would be desirable to evaluate a threshold level in order to further objectify it. While the surgeons who used the tool were subjectively assured by the expressiveness it would need a randomized and maybe experimental setting to evaluate objectively the amount of spared bowel length.
Fluorescence angiography in laparoscopic low rectal and anorectal anastomoses with pinpoint perfusion imaging‐ a critical appraisal with specific focus on leak risk reduction
Authors: James D. R. C. , Ris F. , Yeung T. M. , Kraus R. , Buchs N. C. , Mortensen N. J. , Hompes R. J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground and aimsAnastomotic dehiscence is one of the most feared complications in colorectal surgery leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Progressively lower anastomoses are associated with a greater leak rate. One of the key factors is the perfusion of the bowel to be joined. Presently, surgeons rely on a variety subjective measures to determine anastomotic perfusion and mechanical integrity however these have shortcomings. The aim of this paper is to appraise the literature on the use of fluorescence angiography (FA) in laparoscopic rectal surgery.Materials and methodsA Pubmed search was undertaken using terms ‘fluorescence angiography’ and ‘rectal surgery’. The search was expanded using the related articles function. Studies were included if they used FA specifically for rectal surgery. Outcomes of interest including anastomotic leak rate, change of operative strategy and time taken for FA were recorded.ResultsEleven papers detailing the use of FA in rectal surgery are outlined demonstrating that this technique may change operative strategy and lead to a reduction in anastomotic leak rate.ConclusionIn this paper, we discuss assessment of colorectal blood supply using FA and how this technique holds great potential to detect insufficiently perfused bowel. In so doing, the operator can adjust their operative strategy to mitigate these affects with the aim of reducing the complications of anastomotic leak and stenosis. However, it is highlighted that there is a clear need for randomised controlled trials in order to determine this definitively.