bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deletion Mutants from R Plasmids with Increased Copy Number
Authors: Ike Yasuyoshi , Hashimoto Hajime , Mitsuhashi Susumu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRms 201–12 and Rms 201–46 are R mutants with increased copy number, and are derived from a conjugative plasmid Rms 201 that encodes resistance to five drugs, ampicillin (Ape), tetracycline (Tc), chloramphenicol (Cm), streptomycin (Sm), and sulfonamides (Sa). The mutants expressed increased levels of resistance to Ape, Sm, and Cm, and a decreased level of resistance to Tc than those of the parent Rms 201 plasmid.When the Rms 201–12+ or Rms 201–46+ cells were inoculated onto plates containing a high concentration of Tc, colonies developed on the plate at a frequency of 10−3 to 10−4 after overnight incubation. The cells grown on the Tc plate carried a tet (Tc gene)‐deleted R mutant besides tet‐possessing Rms 201–12 or Rms 201–46, and we isolated the tet‐deleted R mutant by purifying the R+ cells on drug‐free plates. On the other hand, various deletion mutants possessing tet were isolated by prolonged culture of the cells. We have presented a circular gene order of Rms 201 by comparing the genetic markers of all deletion mutants derived from Rms 201, Rms 201–46, and Rms 201–12. The gene(s) regulating the copy number was closely linked to the rep gene. The gene(s) specifying entry exclusion was jointly lost with the tra region.
Cell Wall‐Bridge Maintaining Three Dimensional Structure of Cell Packets Formed by the Localized Suppression of Cell Separation of a Micrococcus lysodeikticus (luteus) Mutant1
Authors: Monodane Toshihiko , Matsushima Yoshio , Kotani Shozo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCell packets of Micrococcus lysodeikticus (luteus) mutant strain MT grown in medium supplemented with trypsin consisted of a tetrad as the unit structure. An interstice was observed between the unit‐tetrads, and a three dimensional structure of cell packets was maintained by the cell wall‐bridge along the rim of the cell packets which linked each unit‐tetrad. This unique structure of strain MT cell packets seemed to occur when the cell separation was suppressed locally, i.e., when the cross wall inside the initial site of cell separation was cut off, while the wall outside the initial site of separation was not cut off but remained as a joint of the daughter cells.The mechanism of cell wall‐bridge formation is discussed in connection with cell separation.
Growth and Sporulation of Auxotrophs of Bacillus subtilis in a Medium with Limited Nutrients
Authors: Nishihara Tsutomu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGrowth and sporulation were examined for 30 auxotrophs of Bacillus subtilis in a chemically defined medium with suboptimal amounts of nutrients. All strains except for some adenine‐requiring mutants could not overtake sporulation stage II when amino acids, vitamins, or bases were limited, whereas they sporulated fairly well without limitation.Abnormal structures, a cell with thickened cell wall and a cell with several refractile bodies, were found in some strains after the vegetative growth stopped.
The Physical State of Herpes Simplex Virus DNA in Infected Human Cells
Authors: Hirai Kanji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTreatment of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1)‐infected human embryo lung (HEL) cells with phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) resulted in complete inhibition of HSV DNA replication. DNA was extracted from PAA‐treated HEL cells infected with HSV‐1 and centrifuged in a neutral CsCl density gradient. The HSV DNA sequences in the nuclei of PAA treated cells at 24 hr post infection banded at the same density as free HSV DNA (1.725 g/cm3), but a significant amount of viral DNA sequences were detected in the regions of cell DNA (1.700 g/cm3) as well as in the intermediate fractions as determined by hybridization with 3H HSV complementary RNA. The viral DNA sequences of lower density did not change in density by recentrifugation in a CsCl density gradient, but did change to the density of free viral DNA after treatment with EcoR1 restriction endonuclease. When the DNA from the nuclei of PAA treated cells was analyzed in an alkaline glycerol gradient, more than 95% of the viral DNA sequences were found in the free viral DNA fractions. Since the viral and cellular hybrid DNA represented approximately 33% of the total viral DNA sequences, it is concluded that some of the HSV DNA sequences in PAA treated, infected cells are associated with cell DNA by alkali‐labile bonds.
Ultrastructure and Partial Characterization of a Regular Array in the Cell Wall of Lactobacillus brevis
Authors: Masuda Kuniyoshi , Kawata Tomio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe cell wall of Lactobacillus brevis was revealed by electron microscopy to have an outer layer composed of a regular array. The morphological unit of the regular array appeared to consist of four spherical subunits, each about 2 nm in diameter, which were arranged in a tetragonal pattern about 4.5 by 7.0 nm in dimension. The regular array was composed of the tetragonal units in rows in two directions at an angle of about 75° to each other. The average spacing between the rows was about 10 nm in one direction and about 7 nm in the other. The tetragonally arranged subunits were removed from the cell wall by treatment with guanidine hydrochloride, urea, or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) but not by the action of ethylenediaminetetraacetate, nonionic detergents, or proteolytic enzymes except pepsin. The regular subunits were shown to be composed of a protein with a molecular weight of about 51,000 by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
The Role of Macrophages in the Early Resistance to Mouse Hepatitis Virus Infection in Nude Mice
Authors: Tamura Teruko , Kai Chieko , Sakaguchi Akiko , Ishida Takuo , Fujiwara Kôsaku 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNude mice which had received intraperitoneal injection of silica simultaneously with infection of mouse hepatitis virus, NuU strain, died of severe necrotic hepatitis within 2 weeks postinfection, whereas those having received no silica survived for 3 weeks or more after challenge. Silica given day 4 postinoculation had no effect. The virus titers of the liver and spleen at day 4 as well as serum interferon levels at day 2 were much higher in silica‐treated mice than those without silica treatment. At day 2 or 3 postinoculation, silica‐treated mice were found to have a considerable number of necrotic foci in the liver with some neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration, and viral antigen was present in the cytoplasm of some hepatocytes around necrotic foci. In contrast, those without silica treatment showed only some necrotic foci with some lymphocyte infiltration. Viral antigen was detected only in a few littoral cells but not in hepatocytes. The role of macrophages in the resistance at early stage of infection in nude mice is discussed.
The Activation Mechanism of Human Complement System by Immune Precipitate Formed with Rabbit IgG Antibody
Authors: Fujita Teizo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractImmune precipitate (Ippt) formed between egg albumin and rabbit IgG antibody activated both pathways of the human complement system. On incubation with diluted serum, Ippt combined with several factors in the serum to form a complex which acquired C3‐ and C5‐cleaving activities. In serum chelated with ethyleneglycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), C3‐ and C5‐cleaving activities of properdin system enzymes were formed on Ippt. Kinetic studies on the formation and the decay of C3‐ and C5‐cleaving enzymes on Ippt revealed that C3‐ and C5‐cleaving activities were almost dependent on the properdin system enzymes. The experiments in which C3‐cleaving activity formed on Ippt was inhibited by anti‐properdin or anti‐B but not by anti‐C4 supported the above results. The participation of the classical pathway was considered to accelerate the assembly of the properdin system enzymes.
Mycoplasma pulmonis Arthritis in Congenitally Athmic (Nude) Mice
Authors: Tanaka Hideo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCongenitally athymic BALB/cA nu/nu mice were employed to elucidate the role of the thymus in experimental Mycoplasma pulmonis strain m53 infection, and nu/+ mice were used for comparison. Chronic polyarthritis was frequently produced in both of nu/nu and nu/+ mice by intravenous injection of the organisms. Macroscopically, nu/nu mice developed severer arthritis and a much lower grade of resolution than nu/+ mice. Periarticular abscess, conjunctivitis, and emaciation were observed in some of the nu/nu mice, but not in the nu/+ mice. Mycoplasmas were isolated from joints and other tissues (including periarticular abscesses and eyelids) of infected nu/nu mice at higher frequencies as well as in greater quantities, and did not show any elimination trends for at least 20 weeks after inoculation. However, in nu/+ mice, mycoplasmas were almost exclusively located in joints, and distribution of organisms to the other organs disappeared soon after the infection. Increases in complement‐fixing antibody titers were not related to the inhibition of mycoplasmal spread. Thymus‐dependent functions that may in some way prevent growth and spread of mycoplasmas in mice are discussed.
“Pseudolysogenization” by RNA Phage Qβ
Authors: Watanabe Itaru , Sakurai Toshizo , Furuse Kohsuke , Ando Asako 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe isolated fairly stable lysogenic‐like bacteria from a lysogenic state established between an amber mutant for the maturation protein gene of RNA phage Qβ (Qβam205) and its nonpermissive host BE110. These bacteria contained few mature phages intracellularly (less than 10−3 plaque forming unit per cell), continued to grow with a potentiality to produce Qβam205 spontaneously, and showed an immunity‐like response against homologous phage infection. These characteristics were maintained by growth in liquid medium containing anti‐Qβ serum. We designated these cells as pseudolysogenic bacteria. The relative amounts of RNA genomes in these pseudolysogenic cells (about 102 infectious RNA strands per cell) indicated that the RNA genomes could replicate in nonpermissive cells and be distributed in daughter cells synchronizing well with cell division.
Regulatory Mechanism of Reagin Production in Mice at the T Cell Level
Authors: Takatsu Kiyoshi , Tominaga Akira , Hamaoka Toshiyuki , Kitagawa Masayasu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHelper T cell activities specific for purified protein derivative (PPD) generated by immunization with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tbc) or PPD were investigated concerning adoptive IgE and IgG antibody responses. It is interesting that preferential triggering activity of IgG antibody response was observed when PPD‐reactive cells from mice immunized with Tbc were used as a helper cell source. The selective triggering of IgG B cells by Tbc‐primed cells was consistently observed using DNP‐primed B cell populations from mice immunized with DNP‐carrier conjugate in either ICFA or alum. T cell dependency of helper activity was demonstrated by the fact that treatment of Tbc‐primed cells with anti‐Thy 1 antiserum plus complement abolished their helper activity. We also demonstrated that purified T cell populations selectively triggerred IgG B cells.Selective triggering of IgG B lymphocytes by Tbc‐primed T cells may not be due to the influence of suppressor T cells supposedly present in Tbc‐primed cells since this selectivity was not affected by X‐irradiation of Tbc‐primed T cell populations which may inactivate suppressor T cells. Furthermore, passive transfer of Tbc‐primed cells into normal recipient mice, the condition which may detect the suppressor T cell effect much more sensitively in IgE production, or preimmunization with Tbc 2 weeks before, did not suppress primary anti‐DNP IgE antibody response to DNP‐PPD. Thus, the observations presented here are favorable to the concept of the presence of IgG class‐specific helper T lymphocytes.Furthermore, PPD‐reactive T cells from mice immunized with PPD itself exerted their helper function for triggering B cells of both IgE and IgG classes. This may also indicate that some of the components associated with Tbc other than PPD might negatively affect the development of PPD‐reactive helper T cells specific to the IgE class.The generation of such IgG‐specific T cell activity in the presence of Tbc will be discussed in the light of the T cell population involved in the regulation of antibody responses of different immunoglobulin classes.
Antiplague Antibodies against Yersinia Pestis Fraction‐I Antigen in Serum from Rodents either Experimentally Infected or Captured in Harbor Areas of Japan, 1971–19771
Authors: Suzuki Sosuke , Hotta Susumu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAntiplague indirect hemagglutination tests were investigated with Yersinia pestis fraction‐I antigen and sera from experimentally infected rodents. The same tests with sera treated with acetone or acetone‐2‐mercaptoethanol were performed in parallel. Technical conditions were determined to insure the specificity and reproducibility of the reactions. Utilizing the methods studied, we carried out serological surveillance of plague with sera from wild rats (Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus) captured in the harbor areas of Japan during the period from 1971 to 1977. Four samples (all from R. norvegicus) out of 1,645 obtained in Kobe were positive. The public health significance of the data obtained is discussed.
Reactivity of Paul‐Bunnell Type Heterophile Antibody in Sera from Infectious Mononucleosis Patients with the Surface of Lymphoid Cells Carrying Epstein‐Barr Virus Genomes
Authors: Maeda Mitsuyoshi , Sairenji Takeshi , Hinuma Yorio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe possible presence of Paul‐Bunnell (PB) antigen on Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐transformed lymphocytes was investigated. Of 23 EBV genome‐positive lymphoblastoid cell lines tested all but one absorbed PB type antibody from the serum of an infectious mononucleosis patient. The one EBV‐negative B cell line tested did not absorb the heterophile antibody. PB antibody, purified by an immunoadsorbent procedure using beef cell antigen, reacted with the EBV producer P3HR‐1 cell line in an indirect membrane immunofluorescence test and was shown to be IgM antibody. Titers of heterophile agglutinin and reactivity with the cell surface were reduced to the same degree by absorption with beef cell antigen but not with guinea pig kidney antigen. PB antibody was distinct from IgM antibody against the EBV‐determined membrane antigen, since the latter was not absorbed by beef cell antigen. PB antibody was also reactive with other EBV‐positive B cell lines (QIMR‐WIL, NC‐37, and Raji) which were free of surface IgM. No reaction occurred with the nonproducer P3HR‐1 line, a null cell line, and two T cell lines. The results suggest the presence of PB antigen on most EBV‐transformed B lymphocytes, and its appearance in each of the transformed lymphocytes of patients with acute infectious mononucleosis.
Hierarchy of T Cell Dependency in Antibody Response among Different Antigens
Authors: Amagai Takashi , Muramatsu Shigeru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractT cell dependency of antibody response to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), sheep red blood cells (SRBC), bovine gamma globulin (BGG), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was examined. PVP and the other three are known as a T cell‐independent antigen and T cell‐dependent antigens respectively. Adult mice were thymectomized, X‐irradiated, reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow cells (TxXB mice), with bone marrow cells plus thymus cells (TxXBT mice), or with bone marrow cells treated with anti‐Thy‐1.2 serum and complement (TxXB‐0 mice) and used as experimental animals. The anti‐PVP response of TxXBT mice was significantly lower than that of TxXB mice, suggesting that T cells exerted a suppressive effect on the response to PVP. Both IgM and IgG responses to SRBC and BGG occurred even in TxXB‐θ mice with the aid of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, a significant response to BSA was not observed in TxXB mice even in the presence of LPS or several other adjuvants. These results indicate that the T cell dependency of antigens is different among so called thymus‐dependent antigens, that antibody response less dependent on the helper action of T cells can be supported by LPS in the absence of T cells, and that anti‐BSA response seems to be extremely T cell dependent.
The Local Immune Response in the Mammary Gland of the Sow Following Infusion of a Protein Antigen
Authors: Bennell M.A. , Watson Dennis L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA study was made of the local immune response in the udder of the sow following infusion of a soluble antigen. Four mammary glands of each of four pregnant sows were infused with ferritin prepartum. Samples of blood, colostrum, and milk were collected during the following lactation; animals were slaughtered and mammary tissue removed for immunohistology. Blood, colostrum, milk, and mammary tissues were similarly collected from nonimmunized (control) sows. Colostral and milk whey from immunized sows contained higher levels of immunoglobulins than whey from control sows. There was an increase in numbers of IgA‐containing plasma cells and total lymphoid cells in mammary tissue of immunized sows compared with controls. The results suggested that the local immune response was at least as great in non‐infused glands as infused glands of immunized sows.
Experimental Candida‐Induced Arteritis in Mice
Authors: Murata Hisao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn extract of Candida albicans isolated from a patient with typical mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) can produce coronary arteritis in a mouse when injected intraperitoneally. An unusual feature of this arteritis is that it is granulomatous, shows no fibrinoid change and is confined to the coronary arteries. These characteristics are quite similar to those found in patients with MCLS.
Cariogenic Virulence of Streptococcus mutans AHT Mutants with Altered In Vitro Adherence Abilities in Hamsters
Authors: Kishimoto Etsuo , Koga Toshihiko , Inoue Masakazu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPlaque‐forming ability and cariogenic virulence of Streptococcus mutans AHT mutants having varying in vitro adherence abilities were studied in hamsters reared on a high sucrose diet over a period of 64 days. The parent wild‐type strain produced heavy plaque and extensive carious lesions on molars. However, mutants M1, M2, and M13, which have lost the ability to form adhesive deposits on glass when grown in sucrose broth, and mutant M9, which adheres firmly to glass but in an extremely small amount, could not be recovered from the mouths of animals even after repeated inoculations at weekly intervals throughout the experimental period. Mutant M35, which produces a large amount of loosely adhering deposits in vitro, became established and persisted on molars, but its recovery was extremely low. None of the mutants, including M35, significantly produced plaque and caries in hamsters. Possible causes of this inability to form plaque and the avirulence of mutants are discussed.
Mode of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) Virus Infection in Tissue Culture Cells
Authors: Ohuchi Masanobu , Ohuchi Reiko , Homma Morio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBy the aid of freezing and thawing, cell‐free infectious virions were detected from an apparently nonproductive Vero cell line infected with Niigata‐1 strain of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus. The production of infectious virions was limited in amount and such virions were detectable only during a limited period after cell subculture. The infectious virions were filtrable through a 0.65μ membrane filter and neutralized completely by an antiserum against measles virus. The virions were banded at the density of 1.132, while Edmonston strain of measles virus banded at 1.164 in potassium tartrate density gradients. Infectious virions were also released from infected Vero cells by treatment of the cells in a hypotonic solution to an amount comparable to that obtained by freezing and thawing. Infection of normal culture of Vero cells with the infectious virions readily established a virus‐cell interaction identical to that in the original infected culture from which the virions were recovered.
Cell‐Mediated Immunity in Human Pregnancy
Authors: Fujisaki Syunichi , Mori Norimasa , Sasaki Toshio , Maeyama Masao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe function of thymus‐dependent lymphocytes (T lymphocytes) was studied in women during pregnancy and labor and postpartum by evaluating the blastogenesis of peripheral lymphocytes, which were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin‐P (PHA‐P) in both whole‐blood semimicroculture and purified lymphocyte culture. Data from 353 random samples (203 women) and 50 serial specimens from 10 women revealed that PHA‐P induced‐lymphocyte blastogenesis was significantly (p<0.005) reduced during pregnancy and labor but rapidly returned to normal several days after artificial termination in the early stage of pregnancy as well as after full‐term delivery. These results indicate that the T‐lymphocyte function in maternal peripheral blood is depressed by causes related to pregnancy. It seems very likely that depressed T‐lymphocyte function during pregnancy is caused by inhibitory factors in the blood plasma derived from the feto‐placental unit. Questions relating to the inhibitory factors in maternal plasma are discussed.
In Vitro Studies on Distribution of Indigenous Lactobacilli of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Rats
Authors: Watanabe Tsugio , Kawai Yasuo , Mutai Masahiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo learn the biochemical mechanisms controlling the distribution of indigenous lactobacilli in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats, the effect of pH and stomach and cecal contents on lactobacillus distribution was investigated in vitro with a mixed culture of three lactobacillus strains isolated from the rat intestine. The pH of the growth medium affected the growth of lactobacilli strongly, irrespective of the lumenal contents. Lactobacillus fermentum outnumbered L. acidophilus and L. murini at low pH (pH 4.5; average pH of stomach contents of conventional rats) but at near neutral pH (pH 6.5; average pH of cecal contents of conventional rats), the growth of L. murini was predominant with all strains. More lactic acid was formed by lactobacilli in medium consisting of stomach contents than in cecal contents medium. L. murini grew in the nondialyzable fraction of the stomach contents and L. fermentum grew in the dialyzable fraction, but L. acidophilus did not grow in either fraction. L. murini grew in the nondialyzable fraction treated with hyaluronidase. In contrast, the nondialyzable fraction treated with pronase or chondroitinase did not allow L. murini to grow at all.
IgM Antibodies to Epstein‐Barr Virus‐Associated Membrane Antigen in Sera of Infectious Mononucleosis Patients
Authors: Harada Masataka , Sairenji Takeshi , Takaki Kazutaka , Hinuma Yorio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBy the indirect immunofluorescence technique, IgM antibodies to the cell surface of an Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) producer cell line, P3HR‐1, were detected in sera from infectious mononucleosis (IM) patients but not in sera from patients with Burkitt lymphoma or nasopharyngeal carcinoma nor in sera from healthy adult donors having antibodies to EBV‐specific viral capsid antigen (VCA). Titers of the IgM antibodies were higher in the earlier stages of IM, a pattern similar to that for IgM antibodies to VCA. The IgM antibodies to the cell surface were identified as being those against the EBV‐specific membrane antigen (MA) by the following criteria: (1) The antibodies were reactive to MA‐positive cell preparations but not to MA‐negative cell preparations. (2) Titers of the IgM antibodies were not significantly affected after absorption of sera with sheep red blood cells which could completely eliminate heterophil antibodies in the same sera. Detection of the IgM antibodies to MA may have a particular diagnostic value for providing evidence of a recent EBV infection.