bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Susceptibility and Immune Response to Staphylococcal Exfoliative Toxin A in Mammalian Species
Authors: Machida Katsuhiko , Sakurai Susumu , Kondo Isamu , Ikawa Satio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStaphylococcal exfoliative toxin A (ETA) had a splitting effect at the granular layer of skin in humans and neonatal mice, but not in rabbits, guinea pigs, golden hamsters, or rats. Besides its splitting effect, ETA could stimulate productions of neutralizing antibody to ETA in rabbits, rats and B10D2 mice, but not in golden hamsters, guinea pigs, or ICR, HRS/J, and C57BL/10 mice. In our epidemiological investigation of human sera, the percentage of antibody to ETA in sera obtained from patients with impetigo (8%) was lower than those in sera of healthy males (23%) and females (29%). The relationship between susceptibility and immune response to ETA in these mammalians could be divided into three groups: the possession of resistant skin and high production of antibody to ETA; the possession of resistant skin and low production of antibody to ETA; the possession of sensitive skin and various titers of antibody to ETA.
The Caries Inhibitory Effects of GOS‐Sugar in vitro and in Rat Experiments
Authors: Ooshima Takashi , Fujiwara Taku , Takei Tsutomu , Izumitani Akira , Sobue Shizuo , Hamada Shigeyuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe caries inhibitory activity of GOS‐sugar (panose‐ and maltose‐rich sugar mixture) was examined and compared with that of sucrose, maltose, or glucose in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Streptococcus mutans MT8148R (serotype c) and Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 (g) did ferment GOS‐sugar and produce acid in a similar way as with maltose and glucose. However, GOS‐sugar could not be a substrate for the glucosyltransferases (GTases) of these mutans streptococci to synthesize the water‐insoluble glucan. Also, it significantly inhibited not only the synthesis of water‐insoluble glucan from sucrose by the crude GTases but also the sucrose‐dependent adherence of these cells to a glass surface. In particular, adherence of growing cells of 6715 was markedly inhibited by the presence of GOS‐sugar. GOS‐sugar was found to induce significant but minimal dental caries in SPF rats infected with either MT8148R or 6715. Furthermore, the replacement of half of the dietary sucrose content with GOS‐sugar resulted in a significant reduction of caries development in rats infected with strain 6715.
Genome Typing of Adenovirus Strains Isolated from Conjunctivitis in Japan, Australia, and the Philippines
Authors: Guo Deng Fu , Shinagawa Morikazu , Aoki Koki , Sawada Harumi , Itakura Shim , Sato Gihei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDNA restriction endonuclease analysis for genome typing of adenovirus (Ad) DNA was carried out on a total of 65 Ad isolates including serotypes Ad4, Ad7, Ad8, Ad11, Ad19, and Ad37 from patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and acute conjunctivitis obtained in Japan from 1982 to 1986, Australia from 1973 to 1986, and the Philippines in 1984. All 4 isolates of Ad7 in Australia were Ad7b. Four of 6 Ad11 isolates obtained in Japan were typed as Ad11 prototype (Ad11p), and the remaining were identified to be new genome types, designated tentatively as Ad11c and Ad11d. An isolate of Ad11 obtained in Australia was typed as Ad11c. Nine Ad8 isolates in Australia and in the Philippines were typed as Ad8p, but 11 Ad8 isolates in Japan were Ad8b. Thirteen Ad19 isolates were identified as Ad19a. All 3 isolates of Ad37 in Japan and three isolates in Australia before 1982 were typed as Ad37p, however, 5 isolates in Australia after 1983 were identified as a new genome type, designated as Ad37d. In Japan, 10 isolates of Ad4 were identified as Ad4a.
Ultrastructural Study on Japanese Isolates of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae
Authors: Uchiyama Tsuneo , Uchida Takahiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractJapanese isolates of spotted fever group rickettsiae were observed under a transmission electron microscope. In Vero cells persistently infected with Japanese isolates, small numbers of intracytoplasmic rickettsiae were seen. On the other hand, moderate numbers of rickettsiae were found in the cytoplasm of productively infected BHK cells. The electron‐lucent, halo‐like zone was found to surround organisms in the cytoplasm of their host cells, which is a prominent characteristic of spotted fever group rickettsiae. Fine structural features of the cell wall revealed thin outer and thick inner leaflets like those observed in other spotted fever group rickettsiae.
Depression of T Cell‐Mediated Immunity and Enhancement of Autoantibody Production by Natural Infection with Microorganisms in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR)
Authors: Takeichi Noritoshi , Hamada Jun‐ichi , Takimoto Masato , Fujiwara Kosaku , Kobayashi Hiroshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe studied the effects of breeding conditions on the development of immunological abnormalities in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with congenital T cell depression. The depression of T cell functions, the production of natural thymocytotoxic autoantibody (NTA), and the development of polyarteritis nodosa were more evident in SHR reared under a conventional (CV) environment than in specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) SHR bred in a semi‐barrier system. Enhancement of these immunologic abnormalities was also observed by the conventionalization of SPF‐SHR. A high frequency of antibodies to mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), Sendai virus, and Mycoplasma pulmonis was detected in CV rat sera, whereas no antibodies were detected in SPF‐SHR. The experimental infection of Sendai virus induced the enhancement of T cell depression and of NTA production in SPF‐SHR. We interpret these results to mean that the natural infection of microorganisms causes an acceleration of immunologic abnormalities in SHR reared in a CV environment.
Protection of Mice against Bacterial Infection by Oral Administration of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Fujiki Tetsuro , Kutsukake Hiroshi , Imai Katsuyuki , Tanaka Atsushi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of orally administered bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on host resistance against bacterial infections was studied. LPS orally given for 5 consecutive days prior to infection caused no apparent toxic effect and protected mice against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Listeria monocytogenes infections.
Seroepidemiology of Herpes Simplex Virus in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Haksohusodo Suwardji , Sakuma Shunji , Kino Yoichiro , Mori Ryoichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSera from 487 individuals in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, were tested for antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV) by a passive hemagglutination method. Age‐specific incidence rates for antibodies to HSV were calculated. For sera from persons other than prostitutes, in the age group from 10 to 19, the positive rate was 48% but in the age group higher than 20, it was more than 87%. Fifty of 59 pregnant women (85%) were positive. The positive rate and the distribution of antibody levels in prostitutes were higher than in the general population.
The Effect of GD3 Ganglioside Obtained from Bovine Lymphosarcoma on Bovine Normal Mononuclear Cell
Authors: Yasutomi Yasuhiro , Onuma Misao , Watarai Shinobu , Yasuda Tatsuji , Kirisawa Rikio , Kawakami Yoshimi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of immunological function of GD3 on normal bovine lymphocyte was examined with various in vitro assay systems. The GD3 level in sera from enzootic bovine leukemia (EBL) cattle was significantly increased compared with that of normal cattle (EBL: 0.62±0.24 μg/ml; normal cattle: 0.33±0.09 μg/ml, P<0.05). Lymphocyte blastogenesis elicited by concanavalin A was inhibited by addition of a 50 μg/ml concentration, or more, of GD3. Inhibitory effect of GD3 in IL‐2‐dependent T cell line and EBL tumor cell line was hardly observed compared with normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. GD3 also inhibited mixed lymphocyte reaction and allo cytotoxic T lymphocyte reaction.
Genomic Difference of Herpesvirus of Turkeys at Low and High Passage Levels in Culture of O1 and FC126 Strains
Authors: Hirai Kanji , Ikuta Kazuyoshi , Mikami Takeshi , Kato Shiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSerial passages in culture of herpesvirus of turkeys resulted in structural genomic changes at the regions common to two virus strains with loss of their protective ability against Marek's disease.
Characterization of Putrescine Production in Nongrowing Vibrio parahaemolyticus Cells in Response to External Osmolality
Authors: Yamamoto Shigeo , Yamasaki Keiko , Takashina Kimiko , Katsu Takashi , Shinoda Sumio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNongrowing Vibrio parahaemolyticus cells rapidly produced putrescine (Put) from added arginine when subjected to a low osmotic stress. This phenomenon was characterized in connection with a regulatory mechanism of the responsible enzymes, arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and agmatine ureohydrolase (AUH). NaCl, KCl, LiCl, sucrose, and glycerol were used as solutes to prepare the resuspending media with various osmolalities. Regardless of whether the solutes were electrolytes or non‐electrolytes, exposure of cells to low osmolality brought about instantaneous increases in both intra‐ and extracellular Put contents without significant changes in the contents of other polyamines. This acceleration in Put production was accompanied by no increases in the specific activities of ADC and AUH. On the other hand, when cells were exposed to the osmolality equivalent to 2 or 5% NaCl, all solutes except for glycerol did not cause a remarkable variation in the intracellular Put content, while the amount of Put in the medium varied depending on the solute used; sucrose and glycerol still greatly prompted Put production, as judged by high Put contents in the media, even at the osmolality equivalent to 5% NaCl. The cation efflux from cells, measured as the K+ release, was observed whenever the increase in Put production occurred. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that NaCl and KCl inhibited ADC to a similar extent, about 70% inhibition being observed at 200 mm. However, AUH was not affected by these compounds. These results suggest that the reduction in the concentrations of Na+ and K+ predominantly present in cells may cause the increase in activity of the preexisting ADC, which leads to the enhancement of Put production.
Subcellular Distribution of the Transmissible Agent in Creutzfeldt‐Jakob Disease Mouse Brain
Authors: Tamai Yoichi , Kojima Hisako , Ohtani Yoshio , Uchida Kikue , Taguchi Fumiaki , Kawaguchi Takeshi , Miura Sadanori , Tateishi Jun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo determine the intracellular localization of the Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD) agent in mouse brain, cerebrum tissue of the mouse brain affected with the Fukuoka‐1 strain was separated into six subcellular fractions (microsome, nerve ending, myelin, mitochondria, nucleus, and soluble fractions) by differential sucrose density gradient, and then the CJD infectivity of these fractions was examined. Serially diluted samples of each subfraction were inoculated intracerebrally into groups of BALB/c mice, and the infectivity was determined as to end point titration value, incubation period, and number of affected mice. On the basis of the protein content, the highest CJD infectivity was observed in the microsomal fraction. The nerve ending (synaptic plasma membrane) and myelin fractions were also infective. The mitochondria and nucleus fractions showed the lower infectivity. The infectivity of the soluble fraction was the lowest among the six subcellular fractions. From the findings obtained in this study two possibilities as to the intracellular localization of CJD agent were suggested: 1) the transmissible agent of CJD is closely associated with surface membranes of neuronal and/or glial cells, including their processes; 2) the CJD agent is diffusely present intracellularly, including in the surface membranes, but for manifestation of infectivity the agent needs membrane components as prerequisite factors.
Influence of Transglutaminase on the Functions of Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages
Authors: Ishitani Kouki , Suzuki Masuko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractInfluence of transglutaminase on the production of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) and on the release of active oxygen from mouse peritoneal macrophages was examined using cystamine and methylamine, an enzyme inhibitor and a substrate inhibitor, respectively. Casein‐elicited or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐elicited macrophages have higher levels of transglutaminase activity in comparison with resident macrophages, and there exists a definite correlation between endocytosis of erythrocytes and transglutaminase activity in either group of macrophages. The release of IL‐1 by resident macrophages stimulated with LPS in vitro was significantly inhibited by the treatment with both transglutaminase inhibitors. However, these inhibitors were not able to inhibit the release of IL‐1 from casein‐elicited macrophages stimulated with LPS in vitro. The production of active oxygen from LPS‐elicited macrophages was inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner by the treatment of macrophages with cystamine, but was not by the treatment with methylamine. However, the treatment of LPS‐elicited macrophages with cystamine did not inhibit the uptake of glucose into macrophages. These results suggest that transglutaminase activity in mouse peritoneal macrophages is an important factor for macrophage functions.
Possibility of Bacteroides gingivalis Hemagglutinin Possessing Protease Activity Revealed by Inhibition Studies
Authors: Nishikata Makoto , Yoshimura Fuminobu , Nodasaka Yoshinobu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractInhibition of hemagglutinin (HA) activity in a membrane fraction of Bacteroides gingivalis was examined using various compounds. Leupeptin and antipain inhibited the HA activity at nm order. This potency was lost when the aldehyde group of leupeptin was converted to an alcohol moiety. Irreversible protease inhibitors, tosyl‐l‐lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), p‐chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), and N‐ethylmaleimide (NEM) were also inhibitory. From the inhibition experiments, we speculate that the HA possesses protease activity and that the same site of the molecule participates in the erythrocyte binding and the substrate binding.
Electron Microscopic Observations on Ciliated Epithelium of Tracheal Organ Cultures Infected with Bordetella bronchiseptica
Authors: Sekiya Kachiko , Futaesaku Yutaka , Nakase Yasukiyo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUsing mouse tracheal organ cultures, the pathogenic effect of Bordetella bronchiseptica to epithelial cells was studied by electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of epithelial cells in uninfected tracheal rings was preserved well for longer than 3 days. In mouse tracheal rings infected with graded doses (3 × 105 to 107 CFU/ml) of phase I B. bronchiseptica, the colonization in the interciliary spaces of ciliated epithelial cells was observed after a 20‐hr infection period. The infected tracheal rings showed swelling of nonciliated cells as well as ciliated cells, rupture of cell membrane of cilia, swelling and disappearance of cilia, and atrophic cytomorphosis of epithelial cells. The severity of these changes occurred depending on the infection doses. These changes were essentially similar to those observed previously in the tracheal epithelia of the B. bronchiseptica‐infected mice. The usefulness of this in vitro model was suggested for studying the pathogenesis of Bordetella infection.
Cell Surface of Micrococcus luteus: Chemical Treatment of the Cells and Teichuronic Acids on the Surface
Authors: Monodane Toshihiko , Kusamichi Masako , Tokunaga Michiko , Torii Mitsuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMicrococcus luteus IFO 3333 cells, both treated with chemical reagents and non‐treated, were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The agglutinability of the cells with antiserum containing anti‐teichuronic acid antibody was examined. The binding of protein A‐gold particles to the cells, mediated with the antiserum, was also observed with SEM. The surface of a M. luteus cell consisted of two or three areas with borders—the rough and the smooth areas, or the rough, the slightly rough, and the smooth areas; fluffy materials were clearly seen in the rough area. Gold particles were observed uniformly and densely on the whole cell surface. However, either mild acid treatment or mild Smith degradation of the cells altered the fluffy rough area to a rough one, and extremely decreased the agglutinability and the binding of protein A‐gold particles. Teichuronic acids appeared to be distributed uniformly on the whole cell surface of M. luteus IFO 3333.
Comparison of Virulence between Two Strains of Rattus Serotype Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) Virus in Newborn Rats
Authors: Zhang Xian‐kui , Takashima Ikuo , Mori Fumiaki , Hashimoto Nobuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo strains of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) virus from Rattus, SR‐11 and KI‐262, showed virtually identical antigenicity but differed from prototype strain Hantaan 76–118 (Apodemus origin) in a neutralization test. Wistar newborn rats inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with SR‐11, which was isolated from a laboratory rat associated with an outbreak of HFRS, developed clinical signs such as ataxia and limb paralysis and died at about 18 days after inoculation. The LD50 of SR‐11 in 1‐day‐old rats was 101.2 focus‐forming units (FFU). In contrast, the animals inoculated i.p. or intracerebrally with 104 FFU of KI‐262, which was from a wild rat in a dumping‐ground area—an enzootic focus where no human cases have been recorded—did not show any significant clinical signs. The susceptibility of rats to SR‐11 fatal infection was age‐dependent. Virus titers in brains, lungs, kidneys, and livers of the rats inoculated with SR‐11 were significantly higher than those in the same organs of the animals infected with KI‐262. Necrosis of neurons in the brain tissue occurred in the rats infected with SR‐11, while it was mild in the animals infected with KI‐262.
Isolation of Line 10 Hepatoma‐Cell Membrane by the Water Extraction Method and Immunochemical Analysis
Authors: Ahsan Chowdhury Rafiqul , Sasaki Jin‐ichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWater extraction method was applied to isolate the cell membrane from line 10 hepatoma cells and normal liver cells in strain 2 guinea pig. The materials isolated by this method were further analyzed by different immunochemical techniques including SDS‐PAGE, crossed immunoelectrophoresis and crossed affino immunoelectrophoresis to demonstrate the major components and their antigenicities. Five major glycoproteins of apparent molecular weights of 44, 46, 62, 64, and 68 kDa were prominent in line 10 tumor cell materials, whereas one band of molecular weight of 82 kDa was prominent in the materials from normal liver cells. Also four minor components from line 10 tumor cells were found to be glycoprotein in nature.
Characterization of Activation of a Partially Defective B Cell Subpopulation with Immunocompetence Restricted to IgM and IgA
Authors: Nakaniwa Hiroshi , Kajikawa Taketsugu , Bito Yukio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA B‐cell subpopulation (BM‐A cell) responding to an antigen with the production of IgM and IgA plaque‐forming cells but not of IgG plaque‐forming cells was isolated from neonatally bursectomized chickens and was examined for the mode of activation by B‐cell mitogens. The BM‐A cells did not elevate both glucose consumption and protein synthesis with the B‐cell mitogens, in striking contrast to normal B cells. The BM‐A cells were also not activated by an activator of protein kinase C, phorbol myristate acetate. Both anti‐Ig and a calcium ionophore, A23187, however, primed the BM‐A cells to increase intracellular free calcium ion as well as normal B cells. From these results it is conceived that the lack of protein kinase C activation may be responsible for the failure of activation of BM‐A cells.
Induction of Resistance with Heat‐Killed Unencapsulated Strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis against Challenge with Encapsulated Strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Ichiman Yoshitoshi , Yamada Tetsuo , Yoshida Kosaku 
Published: November 2013

AbstractActive immunization of mice with high doses of heat‐killed unencapsulated strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, which were grown in brain heart infusion media, protected mice against challenge with encapsulated strains of S. epidermidis. The unencapsulated strains were capable of absorbing the protective antibody in rabbit hyperimmune sera prepared with the encapsulated strains. Also, mice treated with rabbit hyperimmune sera prepared with the unencapsulated strains were protected against challenge with the encapsulated strains. The protective activities of these rabbit hyperimmune sera were assumed to be essentially identical to those of the protective antibody induced by the encapsulated strains.
Characterization and Reassembly of a Regular Array in the Cell Wall of Clostridium difficile GAI 4131
Authors: Masuda Kuniyoshi , Itoh Masumi , Kawata Tomio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe cell wall of Clostridium difficile GAI 4131 was revealed by electron microscopy to have an outer layer composed of a nearly square array and contained the two major proteins with molecular weights of 38 kDa and 42 kDa. The properties and reassembly of the two major proteins into the regular array were investigated. When the isolated cell walls were treated with hydrophobic bond‐disrupting agents or a chelating agent specific for Ca2+, the two major proteins were effectively removed and the regularly arranged outer layer disappeared. The amino acid composition of the two major proteins differed from each other. The two major proteins also gave different peptide maps from each other upon proteolysis with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. The major proteins solubilized from the isolated cell walls with 8 m urea or 4 m guanidine hydrochloride could be reassembled into open‐ended cylinders possessing the native regular pattern by dialysis against neutral buffer containing 5 mn CaCl2. The reassembled cylinders purified by centrifugation on a Percoll density gradient were composed of almost equal amounts of the 38 kDa and 42 kDa proteins and freed from the other proteins. These results suggest that the regular array in the outer cell wall layer is constructed from the two major cell wall proteins and requires Ca2+ for its assembly.