bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal pre-diagnostic samples allow early osteoporosis diagnosis
Authors: Villesen Palle , Lassen Johan , Nielsen Kirstine , Hindhede Lotte , Mikkelsen Susan , Kjerulff Bertram , Ostrowski Sisse , Sørensen Erik , Mikkelsen Christina , Pedersen Ole , Bruun Mie Topholm , Aagaard Bitten , Johannsen Mogens , Erikstrup Christian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Biomarker discovery for degenerative diseases is challenging due to low statistical power, selection bias, and biological variability. To address these problems, we introduced pre-diagnostic longitudinal sampling using samples from the Danish Blood Donor Study. We obtained up to six longitudinal metabolomics profiles using one-year intervals with the latest profile within one year before osteoporosis diagnosis, including 99 cases and 99 controls. We matched the patients with controls based on sex, age, sampling site, disease history, body mass index, analytical batch, and sample storage time. Our longitudinal model of molecular changes improved the signal from non-significant in single-sample modeling between patient cases and controls to an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.75. This pilot study demonstrates the advantages of longitudinal data in biomarker research, including robustness to day-to-day biological variance, inter-individual variance, and post-diagnostic biases.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Risk Prediction and Diagnosis of Vertebral Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Namireddy Srikar R , Gill Saran S , Peerbhai Amaan , Kamath Abith G , Ramsay Daniele S. C. , Ponniah Hariharan Subbiah , Salih Ahmed , Jankovic Dragan , Kalasauskas Darius , Neuhoff Jonathan , Kramer Andreas , Russo Salvatore , Thavarajasingam Santhosh G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
With the increasing prevalence of vertebral fractures, accurate diagnosis and prognostication are essential. This study assesses the effectiveness of AI in diagnosing and predicting vertebral fractures through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Method
A comprehensive search across major databases selected studies utilizing AI for vertebral fracture diagnosis or prognosis. Out of 14,161 studies initially identified, 79 were included, with 40 undergoing meta-analysis. Diagnostic models were stratified by pathology: non-pathological vertebral fractures, osteoporotic vertebral fractures, and vertebral compression fractures. The primary outcome measure was AUROC.
Results
AI showed high accuracy in diagnosing and predicting vertebral fractures: predictive AUROC = 0.82, osteoporotic vertebral fracture diagnosis AUROC = 0.92, non-pathological vertebral fracture diagnosis AUROC = 0.85, and vertebral compression fracture diagnosis AUROC = 0.87, all significant (p < 0.001). Traditional models had the highest median AUROC (0.90) for fracture prediction, while deep learning models excelled in diagnosing all fracture types. High heterogeneity (I² > 99%, p < 0.001) indicated significant variation in model design and performance.
Conclusion
AI technologies show considerable promise in improving the diagnosis and prognostication of vertebral fractures, with high accuracy. However, observed heterogeneity and study biases necessitate further research. Future efforts should focus on standardizing AI models and validating them across diverse datasets to ensure clinical utility.
Accurate determination of creep cavity nucleation rate and growth rate with considering the partial coalescence prior to rupture and its impact on creep lifetime prediction
Authors: Abdelrehim Mohamed , Lu Joan , Xu Qiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In high-temperature applications such as power generation and aerospace, understanding material failure due to creep deformation is crucial, especially for components like jet engine compressor blades and steam turbines. This study investigates the evolution of creep cavitation damage, focusing on cavity nucleation, growth, and coalescence in the material's microstructure. Beyond nucleation and growth, this study investigates cavity coalescence, an inevitable process leading to microcracks and macrocracks. It captures the evolution of exact cavity measurements. This mechanism is associated with an increasing nucleation rate and a decreasing growth rate of individual cavities. Enhancing the accuracy of tensile creep behaviour models, this study extends the cavitation model initially proposed by Riedel and calibrated by Qiang Xu. It addresses cavity coalescence during late-stage rupture using high-fidelity experimental data and a modelling approach. A spherical reconstruction hypothesis for cavity coalescence is proposed and validated with cavitation data from the brass alloy Cu-40Zn-2Pb. The model demonstrates accuracy for lifetime modelling with an increase of accuracy from traditionally 45–83% and a coefficient of determination from 0.767 to 0.997, highlighting its robustness for describing coalescence and aiding in design and maintenance assessments.
Serum high sensitive C-reactive protein level and its correlation with lipid profile among dyspeptic patients in East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Baye Gelagey , Wondmneh Bayu , Ashenef Baye , Jemal Mohammed , Baylie Temesgen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Dyspepsia is a group of symptoms located in the gastroduodenal area of the upper gastrointestinal tract characterized by epigastric pain, postprandial completeness, or early satiety and occasionally related to heartburn. Helicobacter pylori is the major causative agent of dyspepsia and gastric-related disorders; besides, it alters different metabolic processes in the human body, such as lipid metabolism and inflammatory processes. Even though dyslipidemia and inflammation are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disorders, we are assessing the interaction between serum lipids and highly sensitive C reactive protein levels among dyspeptic patients to predict potential cardiovascular disorders.
Objectives
To assess serum high sensitive C reactive protein levels and its correlation with lipid profile among dyspeptic patients.
Methods
A hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2022 to March 2023 in East Gojjam, Ethiopia. One hundred helicobacter pylori-positive and 100 helicobacter pylori-negative dyspeptic patients were included. Data were checked for completeness and entered into SPSS version 26.0 software and analyzed. The association between variables was determined by Pearson correlation analysis. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result
The mean serum high sensitive C reactive protein was 8.09 ± 7.84 mg/L, and serum high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were (35.35 ± 7.5, 105.07 ± 87.63, 142.31 ± 71.31, 160.07 ± 43.06) mg/dL, respectively, for helicobacter pylori positive dyspeptic patients. Among these values, high-density lipoprotein is negatively correlated with high sensitive C reactive and total cholesterol is positively correlated with high sensitive C reactive levels among helicobacter pylori-infected dyspeptic patients with a p-value < 0.05, but in helicobacter pylori negative dyspeptic patients, there is no significant correlation between lipid profile and high sensitive C reactive levels.
Conclusion
Serum high sensitive C reactive levels had a negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein and a positive correlation with total cholesterol among Helicobacter pylori-positive dyspeptic patients. Therefore, the significant interaction between serum lipid levels and inflammation exacerbates the potential risk of cardiovascular disorders among Helicobacter pylori-positive dyspeptic patients.
Exploring enjoyment while playing “Temple Lego”- A virtual reality cultural heritage serious game for architecture students.
Authors: Maji Sneha , Saha Amritansh , Pal Harsh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study presents the design, development, and evaluation of a Virtual reality (VR) based serious game for learning about Dravidian temple architecture using Brihadeshwara temple as an example. The design and development are conducted using the LM-GM framework, which is found suitable for designing games based on cognitive and affective learning outcomes. The immersive experience engages the gamified content and enables learning activities through exploratory play. Players are required to assemble back a broken temple complex in VR environment to learn spatial, factual, and operating knowledge. We conducted various user studies to understand the learning effectiveness and enjoyment playing with Temple Lego-VR game and explore its influence on learning outcomes. We discuss the findings and pedagogical implications that can be applied to developing serious VR games to learn about similar historical structures and contexts.
Study on the Combined Vortex Characteristics of Cavity Vortex in the Sediment Transport Pipe of the Desilting Channel with a Swirling Flow Generator
Authors: Nan Jun hu , Hu Hong ling , Li Wei , Xu Chao , Du Shang wu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

To clarify the internal flow field characteristics of cavity vortex in the sediment transport pipe (STP) of the desilting channel with a swirling flow generator (DCSFG), this study adopted a method combining model test, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis to investigate flow field characteristics such as water flow regime, cavity morphology, pressure, flow velocity and vorticity, analyze the distribution of combined vortex indexes and radial pressure difference of cavity vortex, and discuss the motion feature differences between the combined vortex in the cavity vortex and the ideal combined vortex. The results show that large eddy simulation (LES) exhibits higher accuracy than the Realizable k–ε model, the distribution of combined vortex n values along typical cross-sections inside the STP ranges from − 0.901 to 0.913 radially, indicating quasi-forced vortex motion on the inner side of the vortex area and quasi-free vortex motion on the outer side, the theoretical values of radial pressure difference align well with the simulation results, with a maximum relative error of 15%, confirming that the flow characteristics of the vortex are in accordance with the motion features of combined vortex, the distribution of radial pressure, tangential velocity, and vorticity in the cavity vortex conform to the distribution pattern of ideal combined vortex, whereas significant differences exist in terms of fluid force conditions, structural composition, and generation mechanism. The research findings may provide reference for further analyzing the sediment transport mechanism in the cavity vortex and for the practical engineering design and application of the DCSFG.
Mobile Typing with Intelligent Text Entry: A Large-Scale Dataset and Results
Authors: Leino Katri , Laine Markku , Kurimo Mikko , Oulasvirta Antti 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

A large proportion of text is produced using mobile devices. However, very little research looks at the special characteristics of how this happens and, importantly, how it is affected by the design of the language model (LM). The operating systems of modern devices offer a number of LM-based intelligent text entry methods (ITEs) such as Autocorrection (AC) and Suggestion Bar (SB) to aid typing.It is not known how the keyboard and performance of the ITEs influences the typing strategies in the wild.LMs are operating system and language-specific, therefore, in this paper, we release and analyse a large-scale dataset of mobile typing in two languages: English (46755 participants) and Finnish (8661 participants). Typing data was collected with the participants' own iPhone and Android devices resulting a diverse data on the ITE method performance.By analysing the typing speed and the information on which letters and operations happen in each keystroke, we found that iPhone and Android devices encourage the use of two different typing styles. IPhone users used utilise mainly AC and are able to achieve the highest typing speed among the participants when the balance between AC accuracy and threshold to correct user error are adequately balanced. Android users prefer SB to avoid and correct typing errors instead of utilising AC. Especially Finnish participants, who had low ITE accuracy, used SB often to correct typing errors. To develop and evaluate LMs for typing applications, it is essential to study which factors affect the user. The typing dataset that we have prepared and opened for the public, allows for analysing the factors thus aiding the development of the most useful LMs.
Nitrification inhibitors and their relationship with N2O emission in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) cultivation in Colombia
Authors: valencia aura , Valencia Manuel. C. , Menjivar Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas (GHG) with a global warming potential 277 times stronger than CO2, is emitted as a by-product of microbial activity during the anaerobic phase of the nitrogen cycle. The objective of this work was to analyze the influence of the use of nitrification inhibitors during nitrogen fertilization and its relationship with N2O emission under specific conditions for sugarcane cultivation typical of the Cauca River valley. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with a 2X3 factorial arrangement with 4 replications, the first factor corresponds to the fractionation of the dose (single or fractionated dose), the second corresponds to the use of inhibitors (without inhibitor; N-[n-butyl] thiophosphoric triamide or mixture of NBPT with dicyandiamide), a total of 7 treatments were evaluated. For monitoring N2O emissions, manual stationary cameras were used for field sampling and the gas chromatography technique was used to determine the N2O concentration of these samples. Differences between treatments were observed, the N2O emissions generated during the application of a fractional dose without inhibitors; single dose + NBPT and single dose without inhibitors were significantly higher compared to the other treatments. This research improves our ability to understand the benefits of using nitrification inhibitors during fertilizer applications on sugarcane crops in this region. N2O emissions in most of the treatments with nitrification inhibitor application were lower. Further research is needed on the mechanisms of action of the inhibitors to increase their efficiency and other possible effects on the agroecosystem.
Psychometric validation of an Arabic-language version of the Pictorial Empathy Test (PET) and the single-item empathy scale (SITES) for adults
Authors: Fekih-Romdhane Feten , Amouchi Ghada , Ali Amira Mohammed , Cheour Majda , Hallit Souheil 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
No instrument could be considered and recommended as the gold standard assessment method for empathy based on desirable validity and reliability indices. Recently, two new measures were developed to address previous gaps in measuring empathy, i.e. the Pictorial Empathy Test (PET) to assess affective empathic reactions and the Single Item Trait Empathy Scale (SITES) to assess general trait empathy. The PET stands out from the existing self-report measures that use text-based items because it proposes a novel approach to conceptualize the empathy construct from an ecological perspective using photographs as emotional stimuli, while the SITES stands out because it consists of a single item. This study aims to examine the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the PET and SITES in a sample of Arabic-speaking young adults from the general population of Tunisia.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional study carried out from March to May 2024 using a snowball spread method. A total of 502 participants (mean age of 21.74 years, 64.9% females) filled an online anonymous survey. The PET and SITES were translated into Arabic using the forward-backward translation method.
Results
Exploratory Factor Analysis showed that the PET’s unidimensionality was supported with an acceptable goodness-of-fit, and that good congruence of the factor structure of the SITES was supported across sex. Besides, the PET and the SITES exhibited satisfactory reliability coefficients. Positive correlations were observed between PET and SITES scores. The SITES, but not the PET, scores correlated significantly and positively with psychological distress. Both the SITES and the PET showed no significant correlations with self-esteem scores. Comparison of empathy levels between sexes showed no significant differences between males and females, both when using the PET or the SITES.
Conclusion
While the present validation study leaves further work to be completed, it provides to practitioners and researchers two validated measures of empathy in the Arabic language. The two scales are brief, cost-effective, well-accepted, and can be easily understood by participants. We thus recommend their use in future clinical and research practices, in particular in settings where resources and time can be limited.
Effect of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Sulfonylurea Consumption on risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study of tow tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Rezazadeh Mohammad , Agah Shahram , Kamyabi Amirreza , Akbari Abulfazl , Pisheh Ramtin Ghamkhari , Eshraghi Amirhosein , babakhani Alireza , Ahmadi Alireza , Paseban Melika , Heidari Parnian , shirinkam ilia , Mehrdad Amirabas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern, with studies projecting a rise in new cases to 2.5 million by 2035. Known risk factors include diet, lifestyle, and family history, while protective factors include physical activity and certain medications. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is also a growing issue, with an estimated 642 million adults affected by 2040. However, the relationship between T2D, its medications, and CRC risk and pathological features remains unclear. This study in the Iranian population aimed to investigate this association. This case-control study involving 684 colorectal cancer cases and 811 controls found a significant positive association between type 2 diabetes and the risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 1.39). Sulfonylurea use was also associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer among diabetic patients (OR = 2.35). The study also observed insignificant association between diabetes and pathological features of tumors. While limitations exist, these findings suggest the need for enhanced screening in diabetic patients, especially those on sulfonylureas. Further research is necessary to establish causality and understand the impact of individual medications on CRC risk. These results have implications for clinical practice and public health strategies in colorectal cancer prevention for diabetic patients.
Modeling and LQR Control of Insect Sized Flapping Wing Robot
Authors: Dhingra Daksh , Kaheman Kadierdan , Fuller Sawyer B. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Flying insects can perform rapid, sophisticated maneuvers like backflips, sharp banked turns, and in-flight collision recovery. To emulate these in aerial robots weighing less than a gram, known as flying insect robots (FIRs), a fast and responsive control system is essential. To date, these have largely been, at their core, elaborations of proportional-integral-derivative (PID)-type feedback control. Without exception, their gains have been painstakingly tuned by hand. Aggressive maneuvers have further required task-specific tuning. Optimal control has the potential to mitigate these issues, but has to date only been demonstrated using approxiate models and receding horizon controllers (RHC) that are too computationally demanding to be carried out onboard the robot. Here we used a more accurate stroke-averaged model of forces and torques to implement the first demonstration of optimal control on an FIR that is computationally efficient enough to be performed by a microprocessor carried onboard. We took force and torque measurements from a 150 mg FIR, the UW Robofly, using a custom-built sensitive force-torque sensor, and validated them using motion capture data in free flight. We demonstrated stable hovering (RMS error of about 4 cm) and trajectory tracking maneuvers at translational velocities up to 25 cm/s using an optimal linear quadratic regulator (LQR). These results were enabled by a more accurate model and lay the foundation for future work that uses our improved model and optimal controller in conjunction with recent advances in low-power receding horizon control to perform accurate aggressive maneuvers without iterative, task-specific tuning.
Prevalence of antiemetic administration after abdominal surgery with or without a regional anesthesia under general anesthesia: A nation-wide population-based study
Authors: Yoshimura Manabu , Tanemoto Takaaki , Shiramoto Hiroko , Koga Mami , Morimoto Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The difference in the effect of regional anesthesia (RA; peripheral nerve block or epidural anesthesia) combined with general anesthesia (GA) and that of GA alone on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains unclear. We used a national clinical database to evaluate whether the PONV incidence differed between GA with RA and GA alone during abdominal surgery. In retrospective cohort study, we compared the outcomes of patients who received GA with RA with those of patients who received GA alone during abdominal surgery between 2016 and 2019. The primary outcome was PONV, which was defined as antiemetic use within two days of surgery. Covariates were used to stabilize the inverse probability of treatment weighting. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed. Among the 566,819 patients who met the eligibility criteria, 249,433 received GA–RA and 317,386 received GA alone. The weighted hazard ratios of the univariable and multivariable models for PONV were 1.25 (95% CI, 1.24 to 1.26; P < 0.001) and 1.20 (95% CI, 1.19 to 1.21; P < 0.001), respectively, for GA–RA and GA alone. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness. GA–RA is associated with a slight increase in PONV. Therefore, opioids may be used sparingly when combined with RA.
The community food environment as an effect modifier of the relationship between racism and food insecurity among adults in Southern Brazil
Authors: de Vargas Emanuele Bottega , Dias Mariane da Silva , Schuch Ilaine , Zanini Priscila Barbara Rosa , Fanton Marcos , Canuto Raquel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
We analyzed the relationship between racism, community food environment, and food insecurity in adults of different socioeconomic status.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of 400 adults aged 20–70 years residing in the central area of ​​Porto Alegre, the capital of Rio Grande do Sul state. Racism was measured by self-reported race/skin color and by using the Experiences of Discrimination scale (EOD). Food environment was assessed using the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores (NEMS-S) tool. Food insecurity was assessed using the short version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA for short, in Portuguese). Poisson regression with robust variance was employed for the multivariate analysis.
Results
The prevalence of food insecurity was higher in areas with a poorer food environment (areas 1 and 3; 56.6% and 58.8%, respectively). Racial discrimination was associated with food insecurity, where every 1-point increase in the discrimination score increased the likelihood of food insecurity by 7% (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03–1.20). When stratifying the analyses by food environment, racial discrimination was associated with food insecurity only in areas with a poorer food environment (PR 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01–1.10).
Conclusions
Experiences of racial discrimination were associated with a higher prevalence of food insecurity in the study population. The community food environment was an effect modifier of this relationship, highlighting the relevance of interventions in the food environment focused on areas with a greater presence of Black people as a way of combating racism and food insecurity.