bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of 5-year system-wide type 2 diabetes control measures in a Southeast Asian metropolis
Authors: Jiamjarasrangsi Wiroj , Attavorrarat Suwapiccha , Navicharern Rungrawee , Aekplakorn Wichai , Keesukphan Prasit 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Sparse information exists regarding the progress of the chronic care model (CCM) implementation for type 2 diabetes, at system-wide level for developing countries including Thailand.
Objective: We assessed the extent to which type 2 diabetes patients in Bangkok, Thailand report having received CCM-based services by using the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC).
Methods: One thousand type 2 diabetes patients from 64 healthcare facilities throughout Bangkok were randomly selected, data about the extent they have received CCM-based services, their dietary, physical activity, medication-taking behaviors, body mass index (BMI), and blood sugar control status were collected by a set of structured questionnaires and medical record abstraction.
Results: PACIC and self-management scores for patients receiving care from public hospitals and health centers were significantly higher than those from private hospitals. Being the primary care unit (PCU)-where the CCM implementation has been enforced since 2008 was significantly associated with higher PACIC scores for public hospitals. This was not the case for private hospitals. PCU status was significantly associated with better selfmanagement scores for patients in both public and private hospitals. However, variations in PACIC and selfmanagement scores did not reflect to BMI or glycemic control outcomes of the patients.
Conclusion: There is encouraging evidence of progress of CCM implementation for type 2 diabetes patients in Bangkok, Thailand. This had also resulted in improved self-management, but not physiological or metabolic outcomes.
Adiponectin response to supervised aerobic training in type II diabetic patients
Authors: Aly Farag A. , Alghadir Ahmad H. , Gabr Sami A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Cross-sectional studies have linked decreased adiponectin levels with several metabolic traits, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Previous studies conducted to investigate the effects of acute or chronic exercise on the serum adiponectin have produced conflicting and controversial results.
Objective: To investigate the effect of supervised aerobic training of moderate intensity on the total serum levels of adiponectin and its relationship to insulin resistance and body weight in subjects with type 2 diabetes (DM2).
Methods: Thirty-five patient participants diagnosed as having DM2 mellitus for more than 5 years with normal or near normal body weight took part in this study. The diagnosis of DM was based on the American Diabetes Association criteria for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Serum levels of blood glucose, insulin, total adiponectin, high molecular weight adiponectin, and insulin resistance were determined before and after a 12-week program of supervised moderate intensity aerobic training.
Results: Twelve weeks of supervised moderate intensity aerobic training produced a significant reduction of fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, and insulin resistance in male subjects with DM2. By contrast, a significant increase in the total serum adiponectin and high molecular weight adiponectin has been reported. There was no significant correlation between the reduction of the body mass index, insulin resistance, and the increase of the total serum adiponectin or high molecular weight adiponectin.
Conclusion: Prolonged exercise training of at least moderate intensity improves levels of adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in men with type 2 diabetes.
Prognostic value of the Marshall computed tomography classification for traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Wang Fang , Huang Xin , Wen Liang , Gong Jiang-biao , Wang Hao , Li Gu , Zhan Ren-ya , Yang Xiao-feng 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: The Marshall computed tomography (CT) system for classification of traumatic brain injury (TBI) includes the most important independent prognostic variables except for traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH).
Objectives: To evaluate the prognostic effect of tSAH on different injury types based on the Marshall CT system.
Methods: We performed a retrospective study. All patients with severe closed head injury admitted from February 2011 to July 2012 were included. Their scans were classified into two groups: localized injury and diffuse injury using the Marshall classification. Outcomes were compared between patients with tSAH and those without tSAH among the two groups.
Results: Ninety-six patients were included in this study. Seventy-two (75%) were found to have tSAH, and outcomes significantly negatively correlated with tSAH in both localized injury and diffused injury groups.
Conclusions: tSAH had an important effect on the patients’ outcome. Although the Marshall classification includes important independent prognostic variables, tSAH should also be added.
Potential of bone scaffolds containing vancomycin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in a rat model of osteomyelitis
Authors: Thanyaphoo Suphannee , Kaewsrichan Jasadee 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Infected bone is often intractable. An ideal approach is to simultaneously eradicate infection and repair the bone defect. The development of osteoinductive bone graft composites to control antibiotic drug release would be useful for the treatment of intractable bone infections.
Objectives: To develop a rat model of osteomyelitis for assessing osteoinductive bone graft scaffolds containing antibiotics and a bone morphogenetic protein.
Methods: Si-imprinted calcium phosphate is a new hydroxyapatite derivative used in fabricating bone scaffolds. Vancomycin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) were loaded onto scaffolds of Si-imprinted calcium phosphate using an established method. The efficiency of the scaffold as a drug carrier system was assessed in vivo. Osteomyelitis was induced in rats by infection of the tibial epiphysis with Staphylococcus aureus (BAA 1680). The success of inducing disease was checked after 4 weeks using bacterial culture and radiography. A 10 mm metaphysis bone was surgically removed and replaced with a drug-loaded scaffold. Histology and X-ray imaging were used to evaluate the implants at 8 weeks post implantation.
Results: We successfully established a rat model of osteomyelitis. The causative bacteria were effectively eradicated by vancomycin released from the implants. Enhanced bone formation was observed for the implant samples containing vancomycin and BMP-2 compared with those containing either vancomycin or BMP2 alone.
Conclusions: The newly developed bone scaffold has potential as a vehicle for therapeutic agents to treat bone diseases.
Brief communication (Original). Trefoil factor expression by immunohistochemistry in patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Chaiyarit Ponlatham , Klanrit Poramaporn , Phothipakdee Pensri , Subarnbhesaj Ajiravudh , Thongprasom Kobkan , Giraud Andrew S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease that usually causes oral mucosal damage. OLP has been considered to be a potentially malignant disorder associated with an increased risk for oral cancer. Trefoil factors (TFFs) are mainly synthesized by mucin-producing epithelial cells. Expression of TFFs in oral epithelia is thought to be an essential factor in protection against oral mucosal damage. However, very little is known about the connection between tissue damage of oral mucosa in OLP patients and expression of TFFs.
Objectives: To determine levels of TFF expression in oral mucosa from patients with OLP.
Methods: Tissue samples were collected from 35 patients with normal oral mucosa (controls) and 35 patients with OLP. An immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expression of the 3 TFFs (TFF1, 2, and 3) in mucosal tissues of the oral cavity.
Results:TFF2 and TFF3 expression in oral epithelia were significantly decreased in OLP patients (Mann- Whitney U test; P = 0.006, and P = 0.002, respectively). There were no significant differences in TFF1 expression between OLP patients and control subjects.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated reduced expression of TFF2 and TFF3 in oral epithelia of OLP patients. These outcomes support our previous observations that chronic inflammation may play a major role in downregulation of TFF expression, which may be associated with oral mucosal damage in OLP patients.
Brief communication (Original). National survey of helminthiasis in Thailand
Authors: Wongsaroj Thitima , Nithikathkul Choosak , Rojkitikul Wichit , Nakai Worayut , Royal Louis , Rammasut Pongroma 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Helminth infections continue to pose serious health problems in Thailand. The infections of greatest concern are opisthorchiasis and hookworm.
Objectives: We evaluated the prevalence of these infections. The Thai Ministry of Health established a national health plan in 1995 to coordinate health plans for the provincial public health sectors.
Methods: A national survey based on probability sampling, interviews, and stool examinations was conducted in 2009 to gather prevalence information of the helminth infections.
Results: We found an overall prevalence of helminthiasis among 15,555 Thai people of 18.1%. The highest prevalence was found in the northeastern regions of Thailand. By comparison with previous surveys conducted over the past 5 decades, the prevalence rates have decreased. However, pockets of high infection remain, particularly in the north and northeast of Thailand.
Conclusions: Targeted intervention by means of educational programs and public health intervention, and continuing surveillance are indicated.
Clinical report. Acral melanoma in Cambodia: challenges associated with a rare and aggressive disease encountered in a developing country setting
Authors: Kim Yong-June , Waller Karen , Keo Vanna , Soum Ratha , Gollogly James G. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Melanoma is a highly malignant skin cancer. Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is most common among Asians. The prevalence of ALM among melanoma cases in Cambodian is not known.
Objective: To describe the prevalence of ALM among cases of melanoma and the stage of disease at presentation to the health facilities and health providers.
Method: Electronic clinical records were obtained from Children’s Surgical Centre (CSC) database between January 2002 and April 2014. Types and stages melanoma at presentation were documented.
Result: A total of 10 out of 26 melanoma patients had ALM. Their average age at diagnosis was 65.3 years. Most primary lesions were located on the plantar or lateral surfaces of the foot. Most histopathological descriptions were consistent with ALM. Seventy percent had lymph node metastases.
Conclusion: A high proportion of ALM was found associated with trauma as a potential risk factor. Most frequency presented at a late stage of disease. Providers must be made aware of the disease and render appropriate management early for good outcome.
Surgical treatments of cystic neoplasms of the pancreas: an Asian university hospital experience
Authors: Sriussadaporn Suvit , Sriussadaporn Sukanya , Pak-art Rattaplee , Kritayakirana Kritaya , Prichayudh Supparerk , Samorn Pasurachate 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background
Premalignant and malignant cystic neoplasms of the pancreas are relatively rare, but absolute indications for surgical resection. Modern imaging modalities have increased recognition of asymptomatic cysts resulting in therapeutic dilemmas of whether surgery or observation is appropriate.

Objectives
To examine our surgical experience with cystic neoplasms of the pancreas.

Methods
A retrospective study of patients who had cystic neoplasms of the pancreas and underwent surgical resections from June 2000 to April 2013. Presenting symptoms, surgical procedures, pathological diagnoses, and postoperative complications were analyzed.

Results
Data from 16 patients were examined. Two patients had asymptomatic cystic neoplasms. Fourteen had symptoms ranging from 2 days to 6 years before diagnosis and surgery. Six patients underwent pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, 4 underwent distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, 2 underwent splenic preserving distal pancreatectomy, and 1 each underwent a classical Whipple operation, total pancreatectomy, distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy with partial resection of the posterior gastric wall, and distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy with left colectomy. The operative time ranged from 150 to 450 minutes. Operative blood transfusion ranged from 0 to 5 units. Four patients had mucinous cystadenoma, 4 had intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia with varying degree of dysplasia and carcinomatous changes, 6 had other malignancies, and 2 had other benign cysts. Postoperative complications occurred in 3 patients. There was no perioperative mortality.

Conclusion
Any suspicion of malignant changes in asymptomatic cysts should have them considered for surgical resection. Meticulous surgical techniques are important for pancreatic resection to minimize the occurrence of postoperative complications.
The formation of graben morphology in the Dead Sea Fault, and its implications
Authors: Ben‐Avraham Zvi , Katsman Regina 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Dead Sea Fault (DSF) is a 1000 km long continental transform. It forms a narrow and elongated valley with uplifted shoulders showing an east‐west asymmetry, which is not common in other continental transforms. This topography may have strongly affected the course of human history. Several papers addressed the geomorphology of the DSF, but there is still no consensus with respect to the dominant mechanism of its formation. Our thermomechanical modeling demonstrates that existence of a transform prior to the rifting predefined high strain softening on the faults in the strong upper crust and created a precursor weak zone localizing deformations in the subsequent transtensional period. Together with a slow rate of extension over the Arabian plate, they controlled a narrow asymmetric morphology of the fault. This rift pattern was enhanced by a fast deposition of evaporites from the Sedom Lagoon, which occupied the rift depression for a short time period.
Approximate analytical formulation of radial diffusion and whistler‐induced losses from a preexisting flux peak in the plasmasphere
Authors: Mourenas D. , Artemyev A. V. , Agapitov O. V. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractModeling the spatiotemporal evolution of relativistic electron fluxes trapped in the Earth's radiation belts in the presence of radial diffusion coupled with wave‐induced losses should address one important question: how deep can relativistic electrons penetrate into the inner magnetosphere? However, a full modeling requires extensive numerical simulations solving the comprehensive quasi‐linear equations describing pitch angle and radial diffusion of the electron distribution, making it rather difficult to perform parametric studies of the flux behavior. Here we consider the particular situation where a localized flux peak (or storage ring) has been produced at low L < 4 during a period of strong disturbances, through a combination of chorus‐induced energy diffusion (or direct injection) at low L together with enhanced wave‐induced losses and outward radial transport at higher L. Assuming that radial diffusion can be further described as the spatial broadening within the plasmasphere of this preexisting flux peak, simple approximate analytical solutions for the distribution of trapped relativistic electrons are derived. Such a simplified formalism provides a convenient means for easily determining whether radial diffusion actually prevails over atmospheric losses at any particular time for given electron energy E and location L. It is further used to infer favorable conditions for relativistic electron access to the inner belt, providing an explanation for the relative scarcity of such a feat under most circumstances. Comparisons with electron flux measurements on board the Van Allen Probes show a reasonable agreement between a few weeks and 4 months after the formation of a flux peak.
Chest circumference and sitting height among children and adolescents from Lhasa, tibet compared to other high altitude populations
Authors: Xi Huanjiu , Chen Zhao , Li Wenhui , Wen Youfeng , Zhang Hailong , Xiao Yanjie , Liu Suwei , Pei Linguo , Zhang Meizhi , Lv Po , Ren Fu , Huang Keqiang , Ye Liping , Li Chunshan , Zhao Liguang 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesThe adaptation of human beings to a high altitude environment during growth has been reported in several populations but is less known for Tibetans. The objective of this study was to investigate similarities and differences of Tibetans in patterns and characteristics of physical growth and development in comparison to other high altitude populations.MethodsWe measured the stature, weight, chest circumference and sitting height of 2,813 healthy children and adolescents aged 6‐ to 21‐year‐old living at 3,658–4,500 m in Tibet, China, and compared them with published data from other high altitude populations. Eligible participants must have been born and raised in Tibet, and both their parents’ families have to be Tibetan for at least the past three generations.ResultsThe physical growth and development of children and adolescents in Tibet and the Andes followed similar patterns, such as delayed growth, short stature and sitting height, and large chest dimensions. Relative to stature, Tibetan sitting heights are similar to Andeans, but chest circumferences are smaller.ConclusionsFindings from this study reinforce the conclusion that Tibetan and Andean populations have adapted differently to high altitude hypoxia. The physical features of each population may result from unique adaptation to hypoxia, as well as socio‐ecological factors, such as poor nutrition. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:197–202, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthetische Adhäsion von Integrin‐Liposomen als minimales Zellmodell
Authors: Frohnmayer Johannes P. , Brüggemann Dorothea , Eberhard Christian , Neubauer Stefanie , Mollenhauer Christine , Boehm Heike , Kessler Horst , Geiger Benjamin , Spatz Joachim P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUm die mit der Zelladhäsion zusammenhängenden molekularen Signalwege aufzuklären, bieten synthetische Zellen den einzigartigen Vorteil eines gut kontrollierten Modellsystems mit reduzierter molekularer Komplexität. In der vorliegenden Arbeit zeigen wir, dass Liposome mit rekonstituiertem Blutplättchenintegrin αIIbβ3 als adhäsionsvermittelndes Transmembranprotein für ein funktionales, minimales Zellmodell dienen können, um zelluläre Adhäsionsmechanismen in einer definierten Umgebung zu studieren. Die Wechselwirkung dieser synthetischen Zellen mit unterschiedlichen extrazellulären Matrixproteinen wurde mithilfe der Quarzkristallmikrowaage mit Dissipationsanalyse (QCM‐D; quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring) untersucht. Die Daten zeigten, dass Integrin funktionell in die Lipidvesikel inkorporiert wurde, wodurch die integrinspezifische Adhäsion der hergestellten Liposome auf mit Fibrinogen (Fg) und Fibronektin (Fn) funktionalisierten Oberflächen möglich war. Anschließend konnte das Ablösen der Integrin‐Liposome von diesen Oberflächen bei Zugabe des Peptids GRGDSP eingeleitet werden. Effizienter erfolgte das Ablösen mit unserem neu synthetisierten Peptidmimetikum SN529, das spezifisch Integrin αIIbβ3 blockiert.
Functional polyelectrolyte multilayer assemblies for surfaces with controlled wetting behavior
Authors: Huang Xiayun , Zacharia Nicole S. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTControlled wetting at surfaces and interfaces is an important area of research with numerous potential commercial applications. Both superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity can be used to enable applications such as self‐cleaning, dropwise condensation, or antifogging. Many strategies for creating such surfaces center around biomimicry, replicating the structure of the lotus leaf, for example. Given the potential impact, creating surfaces with these properties using any number of fabrication is of great interest. One very promising fabrication technique, however, for creating these surfaces is the layer‐by‐layer (LbL)‐directed self‐assembly of polyelectrolytes and other charged materials. LbL is a sequential adsorption technique wherein a surface is exposed to first a solution of one charge and then a solution of the opposite charge. LbL has many advantages, including the ability to incorporate many different types of materials and therefore functionality, the ability to conformally coat substrates of complex geometry, and environmentally friendly aqueous processing. This review describes recent progress in using LbL to create surfaces with controlled wetting. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42767.
Grauhörnchen vs. Eichhörnchen
Authors: Bosch Stefan , Lurz Peter W. W. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMit der Aussetzung nordamerikanischer Grauhörnchen in England, Irland und Norditalien entstand für den bislang einzigen endemischen Hörnchen‐Vertreter in Europa – dem Eichhörnchen – eine völlig neue Konkurrenzsituation. Um die Biologie beider Arten sowie ihre Interaktionen besser zu verstehen und um Schutzstrategien zu entwickeln, wurden viele Aspekte erforscht. Dieser Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über den komplexen Wettstreit der beiden Hörnchenarten um Ressourcen im Wald. Als Hauptfaktoren des Konkurrenzkampfes gelten die Lebensraumstruktur und das Nahrungsangebot, die beide direkt auf die individuelle Kondition sowie die Fortpflanzung Einfluss nehmen. Auf den britischen Inseln spielt zusätzlich ein Pockenvirus eine Rolle.
Offshore‐Windräder als Mückeninseln
Authors: Kronberg Inge 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOffshore‐Windparks sind Vorzeigeprojekte der Energiewende. Aus ökologischer Sicht handelt es sich bei den Windrädern um neue Miniatur‐Inseln im Meer, die eine potenzielle Besiedlungsfläche darstellen. Eine kleine Zuckmücke aus dem Pazifik zeigt bespielhaft, wie schnell Arten solche Flächen kolonisieren können.
Herbstspaziergänge: Begegnungen mit Raupen
Authors: Petrischak Hannes 
Published: August 2015

AbstractZum Ende des Sommers nimmt die Zahl der Insekten in Wald und Flur deutlich ab. Nur noch wenige Schmetterlinge gaukeln über blütenarme Wiesen. Doch einige häufige Nachtfalter‐Raupen sind gerade im September und Oktober kaum zu übersehen und ermöglichen somit interessante Beobachtungen im Herbst.
Mensch und Schwein
Authors: Wuketits Franz M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDer Mensch pflegt zu Schweinen eine ambivalente Beziehung. Er bewundert und verachtet sie zugleich, sie liefern ihm nicht nur Nahrung, sondern sind auch eine sprudelnde Quelle für Metaphern und Schimpfwörter. Schweine zählen zu den ältesten Nutzhaustieren, gelten aber in manchen Kulturen als “unrein”. Nach wie vor ranken sich um diese stattlichen Paarhufer allerlei Missverständnisse.