bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescription writing pattern among the dental practitioners of a tertiary care hospital in Karachi
Authors: Shah Ruqaya , Alam Jehan , Minallah Sheheryar , Shabbir Maria , Abbasi Maria Shakoor , Aslam Kashif , Ahmed Naseer , Heboyan Artak 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the frequency and types of prescription errors, assess adherence to WHO prescribing indicators, and highlight the gaps in current prescribing practices of Junior dental practitioners in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to March 2021. The study included the prescriptions by house surgeons and junior postgraduate medical trainees for walk-in patients visiting the dental outpatient department. A total of 466 prescriptions were evaluated for WHO core drug prescribing indicators. The prescription error parameters were prepared by studying the WHO practical manual on guide to good prescribing and previous studies. Prescription errors, including errors of omission related to the physician and the patients, along with errors of omission related to the drug, were also noted. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 25. Descriptive analysis was performed for qualitative variables in the study.ResultsThe average number of drugs per encounter was found to be 3.378 drugs per prescription. The percentage of encounters with antibiotics was 96.99%. Strikingly, only 16.95% of the drugs were prescribed by generic names and 23.55% of drugs belonged to the essential drug list. The majority lacked valuable information related to the prescriber, patient, and drugs. Such as contact details 419 (89.9%), date 261 (56%), medical license number 466 (100%), diagnosis 409 (87.8%), age and address of patient 453 (97.2%), form and route of drug 14 (3%), missing drug strength 69 (14.8%), missing frequency 126 (27%) and duration of treatment 72 (15.4%). Moreover, the wrong drug dosage was prescribed by 89 (19%) prescribers followed by the wrong drug in 52 (11.1%), wrong strength in 43 (9.2%) and wrong form in 9 (1.9%). Out of 1575 medicines prescribed in 466 prescriptions, 426 (27.04%) drug interactions were found and 299 (64%) had illegible handwriting.ConclusionThe study revealed that the prescription writing practices among junior dental practitioners are below optimum standards. The average number of drugs per encounter was high, with a significant percentage of encounters involving antibiotics. However, a low percentage of drugs were prescribed by generic name and from the essential drug list. Numerous prescription errors, both omissions and commissions, were identified, highlighting the need for improved training and adherence to WHO guidelines on good prescribing practices. Implementing targeted educational programs and stricter regulatory measures could enhance the quality of prescriptions and overall patient safety.
Using machine learning to predict the risk of short-term and long-term death in acute kidney injury patients after commencing CRRT
Authors: Gu Menglei , Liu Yalan , Sun Hongbin , Sun Haitong , Fang Yufei , Chen Luping , Zhang Lu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The mortality rate and prognosis of short-term and long-term acute kidney injury (AKI) patients who undergo continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) are different. Setting up risk stratification tools for both short-term and long-term deaths is highly important for clinicians.

Method
A total of 1535 AKI patients receiving CRRT were included in this study, with 1144 from the training set (the Dryad database) and 391 from the validation set (MIMIC IV database). A model for predicting mortality within 10 and 90 days was built using nine different machine learning (ML) algorithms. AUROC, F1-score, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and calibration curves were used to assess the predictive performance of various ML models.

Results
A total of 420 (31.1%) deaths occurred within 10 days, and 1080 (68.8%) deaths occurred within 90 days. The random forest (RF) model performed best in both predicting 10-day (AUROC: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.74–0.84; accuracy: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.67–0.76; F1-score: 0.59) and 90-day mortality (AUROC: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.73–0.83; accuracy: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.69–0.78; F1-score: 0.80). The importance of the feature shows that SOFA scores are rated as the most important risk factor for both 10-day and 90-day mortality.

Conclusion
Our study, utilizing multiple machine learning models, estimates the risk of short-term and long-term mortality among AKI patients who commence CRRT. The results demonstrated that the prognostic factors for short-term and long-term mortality are different. The RF model has the best prediction performance and has valuable potential for clinical application.
Response to letter to the editor regarding “Does the 5-2-1 criteria identify patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease? Real-world screening accuracy and burden of 5-2-1-positive patients in 7 countries”
Authors: Antonini Angelo , Chaudhuri K. Ray , Domingos Josefa , Jimenez-Shahed Joohi , Wright Jack , Yan Connie H. , Alobaidi Ali , Bergmann Lars , Onuk Koray , Harmer Linda , Malaty Irene A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe 5-2-1 criteria was developed to facilitate the identification and referral of patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) inadequately controlled by oral medications. The criterion was not developed to screen patients with PD for device-aided therapy eligibility. The robust design and validation of the 5-2-1 criteria minimizes over or inappropriate referrals, and supports physicians in the timely identification of patients with PD who may warrant further evaluation for treatment optimization. This response letter clarifies concerns raised by Moes et al.
Obstetric interventions’ effects on the birthing experience
Authors: Volkert Anna , Bach Lisa , Hagenbeck Carsten , Kössendrup Jan , Oberröhrmann Charlotte , Okumu Mi-Ran , Scholten Nadine 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The birth experience plays a pivotal role in the mother´s mental well-being and has a crucial effect on the mother-child bond. Unanticipated medical interventions, including fundal pressure, episiotomy, assisted vaginal delivery (AVD), or unplanned cesarean section (CS) during labor, may adversely affect the birth experience. The objective of this study is to identify factors contributing to the diminished evaluation of the birth experience after assessing the prevalence of unplanned obstetrical interventions in Germany.

Methods
For this cross-sectional analysis, 4000 mothers whose children were born 8 or 12 months before were asked about their birth experience via a paper-based questionnaire. Overall 1102 mothers participated in the study, representing a response rate of 27.6%. The revised Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ2) was used to measure the childbirth experience. In addition to descriptive and bivariate analyses using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Kruskal-Wallis-test, we calculated multivariate linear regression models for each dimension of the CEQ2.

Results
In general, the participants evaluated their childbirth experience favorably, assigning an average rating of 3.09 on a scale ranging from 1 to 4. Women who experienced fundal pressure, an AVD, or an unplanned CS rated their birth experience significantly worse compared to women who gave birth without interventions. Unplanned CSs received the lowest ratings for “personal capability” and “perceived safety,” and an AVD resulted in lower scores for “professional support” and “participation.” However, the interventions we studied did not account for much of the variation in how the childbirth experience plays out for different individuals.

Conclusion
Obstetric interventions have a significant effect on different dimensions of the birth experience. If a high level of birth satisfaction is to be achieved, it is important to know which dimension of satisfaction is affected by the intervention so that explicit measures, like fostering communication, participation or safety can be taken to promote improvement.

German Clinical Trial Register
DRKS00029214, retrospectively registered (Registration Date 22.06.2023).
Determinants of stillbirth among deliveries conducted at west Shoa zone public hospitals, central Ethiopia: a case–control study
Authors: Tufa Fayisa Abdisa , Yilma Delelegn , Yadesa Dereje , Tura Meseret Robi 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Globally, 2.6 million stillbirths are estimated to occur each year. The causes of stillbirth are often unknown but can be attributed to various causes. Therefore, identifying the determinants of stillbirth is quite important for applying further meaningful interventions. The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of stillbirth among deliveries conducted at selected public hospitals in the West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Methods
A hospital-based unmatched case‒control study with a 1:4 ratio was conducted. A total of 431 (87 cases and 344 controls) participants were involved. A systematic random sampling method was used for control selection. Data were collected using interview administered questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 26 software. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed for the independent variables and outcome variables. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the strength of the associations, and statistical significance was declared at P value < 0.05.

Results
In this study, 428 mothers who delivered (85 patients and 343 controls) participated, for a 99.3% response rate. Preeclampsia/eclampsia (AOR = 13.43, 95% CI: 5.67–31.82), other health conditions (AOR = 5.39, 95% CI: 2.34–12.46), mal-presentation (AOR = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.50–7.76), umbilical cord accidents (AOR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.11–5.93), meconium-stained amniotic fluid problems (AOR = 5.01, 95% CI: 2.15–11.67) and low birth weight (AOR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.28–6.59) were identified as determinant variables of stillbirth.

Conclusions
Low birth weight, referral status, meconium-stained amniotic fluid problems, umbilical cord accidents, mal-presentation and preeclampsia/eclampsia were identified as independent determinants of stillbirth. Therefore, hospitals and health workers are recommended to focus on identifying and preventing these factors.
Treatment of three pediatric AML co-expressing NUP98-NSD1, FLT3-ITD, and WT1
Authors: Liu Li , Nie Qi , Xiao Zugang , Chen Xin , Yang Chunhui , Mao Xiaoyan , Li Na , Zhou Yan , Guo Qulian , Tian Xin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDuring the treatment of 89 pediatric patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) at the Hematology Department of Kunming Medical University’s Children’s Hospital from 2020 to 2023, three patients were identified to co-express the NUP98-NSD1, FLT3-ITD, and WT1 gene mutations. The bone marrow of these three patients was screened for high-risk genetic mutations using NGS and qPCR at the time of diagnosis. The treatment was administered following the China Children’s Leukemia Group (CCLG)-AML-2019 protocol. All three patients exhibited a fusion of the NUP98 exon 12 with the NSD1 exon 6 and co-expressed the FLT3-ITD and WT1 mutations; two of the patients displayed normal karyotypes, while one presented chromosomal abnormalities. During the induction phase of the CCLG-AML-2019 treatment protocol, the DAH (Daunorubicin, Cytarabine, and Homoharringtonine) and IAH (Idarubicin, Cytarabine, and Homoharringtonine) regimens, in conjunction with targeted drug therapy, did not achieve remission. Subsequently, the patients were shifted to the relapsed/refractory chemotherapy regimen C + HAG (Cladribine, Homoharringtonine, Cytarabine, and G-CSF) for two cycles, which also failed to induce remission. One patient underwent Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (Haplo-HSCT) and achieved complete molecular remission during a 12-month follow-up period. Regrettably, the other two patients, who did not receive transplantation, passed away. The therapeutic conclusion is that pediatric AML patients with the aforementioned co-expression do not respond to chemotherapy. Non-remission transplantation, supplemented with tailor-made pre- and post-transplant strategies, may enhance treatment outcomes.
The role of community health and nutrition volunteers in improving the health and nutrition status of infant and young children in remote areas, Hajjah, Yemen
Authors: Nassar Abdulkareem Ali Hussein , Al-Haddad Ahmed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
In Yemen, morbidity and malnutrition are major public health problems. The Community Health and Nutrition Volunteers (CHNVs) program was launched to tackle these problems through providing services to mothers and their children residing in remote villages. Since establishment of the CHNVs program in Yemen, its outcome has never been evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the role of CHNVs in improving the immunization, morbidity and nutritional status of infant and young children (IYC).

Methods
A comparative cross-sectional study design was conducted in Al-Maghrabah and Bani-Qais districts, Hajjah governorate. It was carried out between January and April 2023. A three-stage cluster sampling method was used. A total of 926 IYC with their mothers were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire. SPSS 26 was used for data analysis. The multinomial logistic regression and chi-square or fisher exact tests were used to compare the vaccination, morbidity and nutritional status of IYC between the volunteer and non-volunteer villages. Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were calculated. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The IYC in volunteer villages were more likely to be fully or partially vaccinated compared to those in non-volunteer villages [OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.5–3.7, p < 0.0001, and OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3–2.8, p = 0.001, respectively]. The specific coverage rates for BCG, and the 1st and 2nd doses of OPV/Pentavalent/Pneumo/Rota vaccines were significantly higher in the volunteer compared to non-volunteer villages [(OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3–2.5, p < 0.0001), (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2–2.1, p = 0.003), and (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2-2.0, p = 0.002), respectively]. Moreover, the prevalence of diarrhea and fever among IYC was significantly lower in the volunteer compared to non-volunteer villages [(OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5–0.9, p = 0.004) and (OR = 0.7 95% CI: 0.5–0.9, p = 0.045), respectively].

Conclusions
The study found that CHNVs play a significant role in improving vaccination status and the coverage rate for BCG, and 1st and 2nd doses of OPV/Pentavalent/Pneumo/Rota vaccines, and reducing the prevalence of diarrhea and fever among IYC in their villages compared to non-volunteer villages, in Hajjah governorate. Future follow-up study and expansion to other settings in different governorates is recommended.
The impact of HIV infection on skeletal maturity in peripubertal children in Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kowo-Nyakoko Farirayi , Gregson Celia L. , Westbury Leo D. , Madanhire Tafadzwa , Offiah Amaka C. , Micklesfield Lisa K. , Ferrand Rashida Abbas , Rehman Andrea M. , Ward Kate A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
HIV infection and its treatment compromises skeletal development (growth and maturation). Skeletal maturity is assessed as bone age (BA) on hand and wrist radiographs. BA younger than chronological age (CA) indicates delayed development. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine differences between BA and CA (i.e., skeletal maturity deviation [SMD]), and risk factors associated with SMD in peripubertal children with and without HIV established on antiretroviral therapy (ART) including use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF).

Methods
Children with HIV taking ART for at least two years and a comparison group of HIV-negative children, aged 8–16 years and frequency-matched by age and sex, were recruited from HIV clinics and local schools in the same catchment area, in Harare, Zimbabwe. BA was assessed from non-dominant hand-wrist radiographs using the Tanner Whitehouse 3 method. Negative SMD values correspond to delayed development, i.e., BA younger than CA. Multivariable linear regression models determined factors associated with SMD overall, and in children with HIV.

Results
In total, 534 participants (54% males) were included; by design CA was similar in males and females, whether living with or without HIV. Mean (SD) SMD was more negative in CWH than in HIV-negative children in both males [-1.4(1.4) vs. -0.4(1.1) years] and females [-1.1(1.3) vs. -0.0(1.2) years]. HIV infection and weight-for-age Z-score<-2 were associated with more negative SMD in both males and females after adjusting for socio-economic status, orphanhood, pubertal stage, and calcium intake. Age at ART initiation was associated with SMD in both males and females with those starting ART later more delayed: starting ART aged 4–8 years 1.14 (-1.84, -0.43), or over 8 years 1.47 (-2.30, -0.65) (p-value for trend < 0.001). Similar non-significant trends were seen in males. TDF exposure TDF exposure whether < 4years or ≥ 4 years was not associated with delayed development.

Conclusion
Perinatally-acquired HIV infection and being underweight were independently associated with delayed skeletal maturation in both males and females. Starting ART later was independently associated with skeletal maturation delay in CWH. Given the known effects of delayed development on later health, it is important to find interventions to ensure healthy weight gain through early years and in CWH to initiate ART as early as possible.
Female genital mutilation and its associated factors among adolescent girls and young women in Tanzania: analysis of the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (2022 TDHS-MIS)
Authors: Adam Jovinary , Charles Phinias 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The morbidity and mortality associated with Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) have been clearly documented. Controlling and eventually eradication this practice is very important. Despite a loud call from the WHO and other international organisations, there are extensive nationalities and societies from both developed and developing countries still practising FGM. Understanding the current magnitude and associated factors in Tanzania may bring more light for possible interventions intended to control FGM. This study is timely for this aim.

Objective
To determine the prevalence of female genital mutilation and its associated factors among adolescent girls and young women in Tanzania.

Methods
Secondary data analysis was conducted on data from the 2022 Tanzanian Demographic and Health Survey. The weighted sample included in this study was 2965 adolescent girls and young women aged 15–24 years. Data analysis was performed using Stata 18.0 software. The strength of the association was assessed using the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) along with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
The overall prevalence of FGM among adolescent girls and young women in Tanzania was 4.9% (95% CI = 3.37, 6.97). The prevalence varied significantly across the zones, ranging from < 1% in both Zanzibar and Southern zones to 19.7% in the Northern zone. Moreover, the results revealed that factors associated with FGM were rural areas (aOR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.80, 5.44); no education (aOR = 11.59, 95% CI = 4.97, 27.03); poor (aOR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.20, 4.83); unskilled manuals (aOR = 3.76, 95% CI = 1.97, 7.15); continued FGM (aOR = 3.86, 95% CI = 1.62, 9.18); FGM required by religion (aOR = 8.5, 95% CI = 3.15, 22.96) and watching television at least once a week (aOR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.70, 1.56) among adolescents and young women in Tanzania.

Conclusion
Female genital mutilation among adolescent girls and young women aged 15–24 years in Tanzania has decreased slightly between 2015/16 and 2022 from 5.9% to 4.9% respectively. This was mostly associated with education level, place of residence, occupation, wealth index, mass media exposure, attitudes towards FGM. More tailored programs focusing on high prevalence zones targeting adolescent girls and young women are needed to end female genital mutilation by 2030.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of long COVID-19 among Iranians: A community-based study in southern Iran
Authors: Askarian Mehrdad , Taherifard Erfan , Jazzabi Fatemeh , Shayan Zahra , Assadian Ojan , Groot Gary , Hatam Nahid , Askarian Ardalan , Faghihi Seyed Mohammadebrahim , Taherifard Ehsan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of long COVID-19 (LC) symptoms among individuals who had contracted COVID-19, to calculate the incidence of LC, and to provide insights into risk factors associated with developing LC in this population.

Methods
This population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Fars province in 2023. Adult participants with a history of COVID-19 were recruited using a cluster random sampling method, alongside a control group with similar characteristics through the same methodology. Data were collected through in-person interviews using two researcher-developed data collection forms focused on demographic and clinical information.

Results
A total of 2010 participants, comprising 1561 (77.7%) and 449 (22.3%) individuals with and without a previous history of COVID-19 were included. Among those with COVID-19 history, the prevalence of experiencing any symptoms was 93.7% (95% CI of 92.3%-94.8%) during the disease acute phase and 36.4% (95% CI of 34.0%-38.8%) after recovery. The incidence of symptoms specifically related to COVID-19, calculated by comparing the symptom rates between participants with and without a history of COVID-19, was found to be 13%. Factors such as older age, previous hospitalization for COVID-19, presence of cardiovascular disease, and use of steroids/chemotherapy were associated with LC symptoms.

Conclusions
Our investigation sheds light on long-term aspects of COVID-19, demonstrating a significant prevalence of LC with diverse manifestations. It also underscores the importance of establishing standardized criteria and control groups in research on LC to address challenges related to heterogeneity and potential overestimation of symptoms.