bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban residents adapt to extreme heat through food delivery service in China
Authors: Li Yong , Zhang Yunke , Wang Daoping , Liu Yu , He Pan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

More frequent heat events globally prompt behavioral adaptations such as reducing outdoor activities to relieve potential distress. The emergence of innovative daily life services in cities offers new avenues for implementing such adaptive strategies. Here we investigate whether urban residents augment food delivery consumption as an immediate response to heat in China. Analyzing extensive individual-level food delivery data from a major platform across 100 Chinese cities from 2017 to 2023, we observe a significant surge in lunchtime orders, exceeding 10%, as temperatures escalate from 20°C to 35°C, and reaching 20% at 40°C. These increments, coupled with reduced heat exposure via food delivery, are more pronounced among female, high-income, and older individuals, signifying varying degrees of benefit among specific vulnerable groups. Projections under the RCP8.5 global warming scenario indicate a persistent rise in food delivery demand and the associated mitigation of heat exposure by mid-century. Our findings underscore significant policy implications for climate change adaptation and highlight the pivotal role of urban daily life services in alleviating heat-related challenges for urban sustainability.
Climate risk perception and adaptation strategies of smallholder farmers in The Gambia
Authors: Lambarraa-Lehnhardt Fatima , Ceesay Sheriff , Ndiaye Mohamed Ben Omar , Thiaw Diatou , Sawaneh Mamma 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Adaptation efforts will be ineffective unless farmers' perspectives of climate change are understood. The objectives are to examine farmers' perceptions of climate risk, identify major livelihood adaptation measures utilized by farmers, examine the variables that impact farmers' decision to adopt, and the factors that influence adaptation strategies utilized. Data were collected from 420 farmers in 12 districts of rural Gambia. The findings revealed that most of the farmers perceived an increase in drought, flood, and high temperature. Low crop yield, decline in crop production, and shortage of water are the major impacts of climate change perceived by farmers, resulting in increased vulnerability. The empirical result of the binary logistic model showed that land tenure, access to government support, access to marketing, witness to an expected weather event, and climate change perception influenced farmers' choice to implement climate risk adaptation measures. The findings indicate that female farmers are less likely to adopt climate risk adaptation measures. However, the multivariate probit model revealed that age, education, availability of extension services, membership of farm groups, and perception of climate change are the main determinants of strategies implemented at the farm level. Off-farm strategies such as petty business are mainly influenced by being female, middle age, and primary education. Government, stakeholders, and donor agencies should explore gender-disaggregated initiatives.
Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis in adults: A retrospective case series from a nephrology center in Tunisia and literature review
Authors: Mrabet Sanda , Achour Nermine Ben , Boukadida Raja , Abdessaied Nihed , Fradi Asma , Sahtout Wissal , Azzabi Awatef , Aicha Narjess Ben , Thabet Nesrine , Zellama Dorsaf , Mokni Moncef 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a leading cause of acute kidney injury that shows variability in incidence and etiology based on geography. In recent years, there have been significant changes in its diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
The study aimed to offer an understanding of the characteristics and root causes of AIN, its diagnosis methods, treatment strategies, and results within a Tunisian population.
Method
We retrospectively gathered data on biopsy proven AIN from a Nephrology center over a 16-year period. The collected data consisted of demographic information, initial clinical and biochemical findings, renal biopsy results, treatment approaches, and follow-up details.
Results
We gathered 36 confirmed cases of biopsy proven AIN with an annual incidence rate of 2.5 cases. The average age of the patients was 50.58 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.71. The predominant clinical signs were fatigue (58%) and fever (22%). The mean levels of creatinine and eosinophils were 691.58 µmol/l and 481.66 10^9/L, respectively. On kidney biopsy, interstitial infiltrate was significant in 52.77% of cases, with eosinophils present in only 5.55% of cases and fibrosis noted in 27.77% of cases. Drug-related causes accounted for 46.66% of AIN cases, while infections and systemic diseases were responsible for 16.66% and 11.11% of cases, respectively. We have identified two exceptional causes of AIN, one associated with treatment with Rituximab and the other with a triple parasitic infection. AIN associated with malignancies were seen in 2.77% of cases, with some cases (25%) lacking an identifiable cause. Corticosteroid treatment was recommended for 93.33% of cases presenting with immune allergic AIN and those associated with systemic diseases. The median follow-up duration was 2.2 years. Seven patients required hemodialysis during the acute phase, and 71.42% showed recovery in renal function. The presence of interstitial fibrosis correlated with the progression to chronic kidney disease.
Conclusion
Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN) is a leading cause of acute kidney injury that can progress to chronicity. Interstitial fibrosis is associated with the progression to chronic kidney failure. The primary etiology is drug intake, and some causes are yet to be identified.
ZMYND12 serves as an IDAd subunit that is essential for sperm motility in mice
Authors: Wang Chang , Xie Qingsong , Xia Xun , Zhang Chuanying , Jiang Shan , Wang Sihan , Zhang Xi , Hua Rong , Xue Jiangyang , Zheng Haoyu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Inner dynein arms (IDAs) are formed from a protein complex that is essential for appropriate flagellar bending and beating. IDA defects have previously been linked to the incidence of asthenozoospermia (AZS) and male infertility. The testes-enriched ZMYND12 protein is homologous with an IDA component identified in Chlamydomonas. ZMYND12 deficiency has previously been tied to infertility in males, yet the underlying mechanism remains uncertain. Here, a CRISPR/Cas9 approach was employed to generate Zmynd12 knockout (Zmynd12−/−) mice. These Zmynd12−/− mice exhibited significant male subfertility, reduced sperm motile velocity, and impaired capacitation. Through a combination of co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, ZMYND12 was found to interact with TTC29 and PRKACA. Decreases in the levels of PRKACA were evident in the sperm of these Zmynd12−/− mice, suggesting that this change may account for the observed drop in male fertility. Moreover, in a cohort of patients with AZS, one patient carrying a ZMYND12 variant was identified, expanding the known AZS-related variant spectrum. Together, these findings demonstrate that ZMYND12 is essential for flagellar beating, capacitation, and male fertility.
Projected changes in the global precipitation area by CMIP6 models
Authors: Dobler Andreas , Benestad Rasmus , Lussana Cristian , Landgren Oskar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Reanalysis and satellite data indicate a decreasing precipitation area in recent decades, affecting local water resources and precipitation intensities. We have used CMIP6 simulations to test the hypothesis of a shrinking precipitation area in a warming climate. Our analyses reveal that SSP5-8.5 projections show a robust decrease in the precipitation area towards the end of the 21st century. The decrease is most pronounced between 50 °S and 50 °N. We find a poleward shift of precipitation, increasing the daily precipitation area in the Arctic from 18 % to 28 %.
The new findings support the observed relationship, although to a lesser extent than earlier found for reanalysis and satellite data. An explanation is provided by the expansion of low relative humidity zones in the lower-to-mid troposphere poleward of the subtropics. The expansion locally decreases the occurrence of precipitation and pushes precipitation events poleward, ultimately leading to a reduced global precipitation area.
Nigerians' outlook on pandemic preparedness – gaps and mitigations
Authors: Odetokun Ismail Ayoade , Oniyanda Oluwatobi , Raza Ali , Akpabio Uduak , Musawa Aliyu Ibrahim , Hambali Idris Umar , Adamu Shuaibu Gidado , Oyafajo Lateefah , Alhaji Nma Bida , Fasina Folorunso Oludayo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Pandemics are global health crises that have caused millions of deaths, enormous socio-economic disruptions, and considerable public and global health security consequences. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of Nigerians regarding preparedness for the next pandemic.
Methods
A cross-sectional questionnaire-based national survey was conducted among 1276 respondents in Nigeria to determine public knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of preparedness for future pandemics. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyses.
Results
Of the 1276 respondents to this survey, > 50% had not heard of the Spanish flu or Zika disease. Approximately half (594) of the respondents did not consider antimicrobial resistance a possible cause of future pandemics. Over an average proportion of respondents reported unsatisfactory knowledge (655, 51.3%) and poor perception (695, 54.5%) about pandemic preparedness. The respondents' good knowledge and satisfactory attitudes toward pandemic preparedness decreased with increasing age. The respondents' education, age, and state of residence were significantly associated with good knowledge, satisfactory attitudes, and positive perceptions of pandemic preparedness with respondents with tertiary education levels being at least 2× more likely to have these positive outcomes.
Conclusion
This study revealed serious gaps in Nigerians' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of their readiness for upcoming pandemics. To protect Nigerians' health, emphasis should be placed on these issues.
Localized Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a malnourished, non-HIV- infected man in the absence of any established or diagnosed immunosuppressive condition: a case report
Authors: Fallahi Mohammad Javad , Kouhi Pariya , Sadrzadeh Seyed Amir , Shokripour Mansoureh , Hosseinzadeh Massood 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is an opportunistic infection that mostly affects patients with immunosuppressive conditions like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or medications, like corticosteroids. This study reports a rare case of PJP infection in a patient with no diagnosed immunosuppressive disease which presented with uncommon radiological findings.
Case presentation
A 46-year-old man with a malnourished appearance and a history of opium addiction presented with dry cough, dyspnea, and weight loss to the hospital. There was no evidence of an immunocompromised condition or use of any immunosuppressive medication in the history of the patient. A lung high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan revealed a crazy-paving appearance and localized infiltration. Methenamine silver staining and the histopathological findings in the transbronchial lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PJP. Antibiotics and bronchodilators were administrated and the patient was discharged after 6 days of hospitalization. HIV testing and immunoglobulin levels were normal in the hospital course as well as his follow-up visits. After a 2-month follow-up, the patient was in good condition despite of mild remaining infiltration in his lung.
Conclusions
PJP typically affects HIV-infected patients, but due to excessive use of immunosuppressive medications, its prevalence is increasing in non-HIV-infected patients. Malnutrition may predispose the patients to PJP, even in the absence of immunosuppressive conditions
The striking influence of solubility on the nuclearity of cobalt NCN pincer complexes
Authors: Pecak Jan , Käfer Matthias G. , Stöger Berthold , Kirchner Karl Anton 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The synthesis and characterization of two Co(II) complexes stabilized by NCN pincer ligands is described. The paramagnetic Co(II) complex [Co(κ3NCN-NCNCH2-iPr)Br] (1) is obtained via a transmetalation protocol from CoBr2 and NC(C-Br)NCH2-iPr in THF. Surprisingly, the dinuclear complex [Co2(κ3NCN-µ2-NCNCH2-iPr)(µ-Cl)(Cl)2] (2) was synthesized following the same synthetic protocol but using an ultrasonicated CoCl2 suspension instead of CoBr2 in the same solvent. Both complexes are paramagnetic species exhibiting solution magnetic moments of 1.9(1) and 5.8(3) µB, respectively. This corresponds to low-spin and high-spin d7 configurations featuring one and three unpaired electrons at the metal centers. X-ray structures of both complexes are presented.
Evaluation of Barley Varieties and Processing Methods on Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Capacity in Barley-Based Foods
Authors: Negeyie Shelema N. , Tola Yetenayet B. , Ibrahim Ali M. , Kuyu Chala G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The study aimed to assess the effect of barley varieties and processing methods on barley-based foods' nutritional composition and antioxidant properties. Three barley varieties (Bellami, BH1307, and Diribe) and four processing methods (whole, dehulled, porridge, and roasting) were examined. Results revealed that the interaction between barley variety and processing method affected barley foods' proximate composition and bioactive components. BH1307 had the highest bioactive compounds among the varieties, while whole barley exhibited the highest from processing methods. Notably, dehulling and porridge making led to a more significant reduction in nutritional and bioactive compounds in barley varieties compared to the whole barley grain, highlighting the effectiveness of the BH1307 variety with roasting as the best treatment among those evaluated for both proximate compositions and bioactive compounds.
Expression profiling of juvenile hormone and ecdysteroid biosynthesis genes during the development and reproduction of Phytoseiulus persimilis
Authors: Lina Fan , Endong Wang , Bo Zhang , Xuenong Xu , Guiting Li 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysteroids play a vital role in arthropods growth and development. Significant progress has been made in recent years regarding the roles and molecular mechanisms of juvenile hormones and molting steroids in regulating insect metamorphosis and developmental. However, the related genes and regulatory mechanisms in Acari remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis by screening genomic and transcriptomic data to identify three genes associated with the biosynthesis of juvenile hormone and five genes related to ecdysteroid biosynthesis in the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis. We analyzed the spatial-temporal expression patterns of each gene at different developmental stages by Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression levels of juvenile hormone signaling factors PpJHAMT and PpKr-h1 and ecdysteroid biosynthesis signaling factors PpSad and PpShd were the highest during the larval stage. In addition, the ecdysteroid biosynthesis related Halloween gene PpSpo exhibited a serrated expression pattern in the immature stages. Similarly, PpDib was expressed throughout each immature developemental stage, with early expression always higher than the late one. The expression of the ecdysone receptor gene PpEcR was found to be consistently low during the immature stage. However, after fertilization of female adults, the expression of PpEcR increased significantly, reaching a level approximately 4.28 times higher than the average expression level. Upon verification of the gene function through RNAi (RNA interference), it was observed that the total egg production of pre-mating and post-mating female adults treated with dsKr-h1 (double-stranded RNA targeting Kr-h1) decrease by 8.73% and 13.30%, respectively. In the case of nymphs treated with dsEcR (double-stranded RNA targeting EcR), molting failure was observed, accompanied by severe dorsum crumpling and death. The expression pattern and RNAi functional verification of two hormone biosynthesis-related genes in P. persimilis offer a preliminary understanding in regulating the growth and development of predatory mites.
Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Study of the Chinese Miao Medicine LiuYueHuanYang in the Treatment Of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yang XinXin , Wang Yan , Zhang KaiWei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To examine the potential therapeutic targets of the Chinese Miao medicine formula LiuYueHuanYang (LYHY) in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), we analyzed the active compounds of LYHY and the key targets of OA and investigated the interacting pathways using network pharmacological approaches and molecular docking analysis.
Methods
Network pharmacology was adopted to detect four active components of Hmong medicine LYHY. The key targets and signaling pathways in the treatment of OA were predicted, and the key components and targets were screened for molecular docking.
In this study, we retrieved the four active ingredients of the Hmong medicine LYHY from the literature, namely kaempferol, arbutin, glucosyringic acid and guajavarin, and predicted the corresponding targets of the active ingredients by Swiss Target Prediction; and screened the targets related to OA by the databases GeneCard ( https://www.genecards.org/), Genemap ((https://www.omim.org/search/advanced/geneMap ), Drugbank (https://go.drugbank.com/about ) and OMIM (https://www.omim.org/) to screen the targets related to OA.The PPI network was then constructed and the results showed that AKT1, EGFR, MMP9, SRC, MMP2, ABCB1 and CYP19A1 were the key targets of LYHY for the treatment of OA.GO enrichment analysis showed that cellular response to lipids, cellular response to reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory response were closely related to the mechanism of June Redux for the treatment of OA; KEGG pathway analysis showed that EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance、ErbB signaling pathway、ErbB signaling pathway、VEGF signaling pathway、Rap1 signaling pathway、Estrogen signaling pathway and Ras signaling pathway were associated with the intervention of LYHY in OA.Molecular docking showed that the active components had a good affinity with EGFR and SRC.
Real-time non-invasive monitoring of pulmonary embolism based on dynamic EIT technology: a new method
Authors: Li Junyao , Zhu Mingxu , Li Weichen , Guo Yitong , Wang Yu , Wang Weice , Liu Yang , Ji Zhenyu , Shi Xuetao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The assessment and monitoring of pulmonary embolism is a key factor in guiding the treatment of critically ill patients. To date, bedside methods used clinically to estimate the physiological correlates of pulmonary embolism (pulmonary blood flow perfusion) are often unreliable or require invasive testing. The aim of this study was to explore a new method for assessing pulmonary embolism detection and non-invasive real-time monitoring based on a high-performance electrical impedance tomography system that acquires imaging of pulmonary blood flow pulsation signals.
Methods
An anaesthetised porcine model (N = 12) was selected for a before-and-after self-control experiment, and the pulmonary perfusion changes induced before and after pulmonary embolism (artificially induced) were continuously monitored by the vascular pulsatility method (VPM), from which the amplitude, maximal slope (both positive and negative), and waveform area were extracted as indicators for assessing the status of the local pulmonary perfusion. In addition, the degree of ventilation-perfusion matching of the lungs was assessed in conjunction with the analysis of lung ventilation areas. A conventional invasive hypertonic saline (5 ml of 10% NaCl) imaging technique was used as a control to assess the actual pulmonary embolism.
Results
Areas of perfusion defects before and after embolisation by the vascular pulsatile method showed a high degree of concordance with hypertonic saline in terms of images and indices. All pulmonary blood flow pulsatility indices were significantly reduced in the embolised region relative to the pre-embolisation period, with the most significant changes in waveform area and amplitude during the end-expiratory pause (P < 0.001). Ventilation blood flow matching indices extracted in combination with regional ventilation also showed significant differences, with the most significant changes in ventilation blood flow matching% and deadspace ventilation fraction% (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Vascular beat-based EIT imaging methods can be used to assess characteristic changes in pulmonary perfusion before and after embolisation, and this approach is expected to provide new ideas for non-invasive bedside monitoring of pulmonary embolism.
Intense pulsed light rejuvenates UVB-induced photo-aging in human keratinocytes and guinea pig skin by inhibition of ERK-AP1-MMP pathway
Authors: Liu Congcong , Hu Wenzhi , Bai Qingsong , Lu Mingmin , Xiang Jiayi , Tan Lina , Tao Ye , Ma Kui , Zhang Lixia , Gu Weijie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Skin photo-aging is mainly caused by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Intense pulsed light (IPL) is a widely used nonablative treatment for photo-aging, while the mechanism is unclear. Here, we investigate the anti-photoaging effects of IPL and the underlying mechanism. This study demonstrated that UV-triggered extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) together with c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) while IPL suppressed ERK but activated JNK in human skin keratinocytes (hKCs). The different ERK / JNK expression patterns induced by UV and IPL resulted in different c-fos / c-jun(AP-1) phosphorylation, CyclinD1, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) expression. Furtherly, treatment of hKCs with ERK inhibitor (PD98059) revealed that a certain dose of IPL at 17 Jcm2 (IPL17) significantly promoted c-fos / c-jun phosphorylation by inhibiting the ERK pathway. IPL17 inhibited MMPs expression in guinea pig skin and promoted c-fos / c-jun phosphorylation, epidermal proliferation, and collagen remodeling in vivo. These findings indicated that ERK was involved in IPL rejuvenation by regulating c-fos / c-jun / CyclinD1 / MMPs, providing a potential target for skin rejuvenation.
Experimental Characterization of a Rotor to Dynamic Collective Pitch Inputs in Hover
Authors: Mortimer Patrick , Sirohi Jayant 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Experiments were performed on a two-meter diameter, four-bladed rotor to extract the coefficients of a dynamic inflow model. The frequency response of rotor induced velocity to rotor thrust was found by introducing stepped-sine collective pitch inputs at frequencies of 0.2 per revolution to 0.7 per revolution, where the rotor rotational frequency was 14 Hz. The induced velocity field was measured using phase-resolved, two-dimensional, three-component particle image velocimetry (PIV) over a large region of interest (0.84 m x 0.77 m) in a radial slice of the rotor flow field. The rotor thrust was measured using a hub-mounted load cell. Limited by the frame rate of the cameras, PIV was performed using an under-sampling technique in which one image pair was captured during each rotor revolution, and the time history was recreated from the phase-resolved measurements. The thrust amplitude was found to increase with input frequency, reaching 27.4% of the steady thrust at the highest input frequency. The induced velocity amplitude followed the opposite trend, decreasing to 2.0% of the steady value at the highest input frequency. Dynamic inflow states were extracted and fit to a first-order transfer function. The gain and corner frequency of the transfer function were found to be K = 34.7 +/- 1.52 dB and b = 4.08+/-0.19 rad/s, respectively, which followed a similar trend to computational studies reported in the literature.