bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions, experiences, and motivation of COVID-19 vaccine trial participants in South Africa: a qualitative study
Authors: Nkosi Thandeka , Mulopo Chanelle , Schmidt Bey-Marrié 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The informed consent process is an important step in conducting ethical clinical trials, as it ensures that research participants are aware of their rights and responsibilities in clinical trials. This study explored participants’ perceptions, experiences and the factors motivating their participation in a COVID-19 vaccine trial in South Africa.

Methods
This descriptive qualitative study was conducted among twenty-five adult participants (18 to 64 years old) who participated in a COVID-19 vaccine trial in South Africa. Three focus group discussions and fifteen semi-structured interviews were carried out. Data were collected at a Clinical Research Site located in Prince Mshiyeni Memorial Hospital, in Umlazi Township, Durban, South Africa, where the COVID-19 vaccine trial participants were initially enrolled. Data were analysed iteratively using a thematic analysis approach.

Results
Four key findings emerged: 1) Participants who experienced an event (such as tested positive for COVID-19) during the clinical trial were more likely to talk about the informed consent more thoroughly compared to the other participants. 2) Participants understood the purpose of informed consent process better when it was repeated multiple times throughout the course of the trial. 3) Where participants did not recall or understand various elements of the informed consent, participants were likely to create their own interpretations. 4) Factors influencing participations in trials were reimbursement for participation, access to health care, protection of family members, and ability to socialize without fear of COVID-19.

Conclusion
Overall, the findings show that the informed consent process should be regarded as an ongoing process rather than a once-off event that only happens at the start of a clinical trial. An understanding of participants’ perspectives, experiences, and motivations for participating in clinical trials, can help trial staff strengthen the consent documents and processes.
Diabetes Mellitus: Preconception management in primary care
Authors: Harris Carlene , Claydon Anne , Hill Marie C. 
Published: July 2024

Women with diabetes experience adverse risks to their health and the health of their foetuses during pregnancy. This article draws upon research to help primary care nurses advise and care for patients who fall into this category Diabetes mellitus is associated with adverse risks to both pregnant women and their foetuses. These risks include; congenital malformations, stillbirth and miscarriage. The infant is also at risk of developing diabetes mellitus and other health issues in the future. This article provides an overview of diabetes mellitus and pregnancy. Addressing the importance of preconception management and the role general practice nurses have in increasing favourable outcomes, through improving preconception management in primary care. Discussing integrating primary and secondary care to enable continuity of care. Analysing the research on the impact health care professionals conducting educational interventions has on patient's pregnancy outcomes. As well as the use of conventional and digital methods to provide health education on preconception care.
Multidisciplinary management of orthopaedic trauma – are we adhering to the guidelines?
Authors: Hutchinson K , Bretherton CB , Gmati A , Handley B 
Published: July 2024

Introduction A multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach to polytrauma patients minimises morbidity and mortality. This project assesses the extent to which British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma guidelines for the management of the frail Orthopaedic patient are currently being met. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of all Trauma and Orthopaedic patients in multiple medical institutions over a 2-week capture period from 1 March 2022 until 14 March 2022 inclusive. Data collected included age, sex, injury, length of stay and dates of speciality input. Results A total of 1,050 patients were included from 27 hospitals. The median age was 80 years, with 560 (53.3%) of all fractures being neck of femur fractures. Of the 1,050 patients, 870 (82.9%) were managed operatively. The median number of different speciality involvements was 3; 645 (61.4%) had an orthogeriatric (OG) review. In major trauma centres (MTC), 93.3% had OG input, compared with 66.3% in non-MTC. The speciality with the greatest input was Radiology, with Plastics having the lowest input. Conclusion A standardised MDT approach is needed to optimise care and recovery in orthopaedic trauma patients. The difference in results regarding speciality involvement is substantial and needs to be addressed to minimise disparities in care received by this vulnerable cohort of patients.
Optimising primary molecular profiling in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Schouten R. D. , Schouten I. , Schuurbiers M. M. F. , van der Noort V. , Damhuis R. A. M. , van der Heijden E. H. F. M. , Burgers J. A. , Barlo N. P. , van Lindert A. S. R. , Maas K. W. , van den Brand J. J. G. , Smit A. A. J. , van Haarst J. M. W. , van der Maat B. , Schuuring E. , Blaauwgeers H. , Willems S. M. , Monkhorst K. , van den Broek D. , van den Heuvel M. M. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Molecular profiling of NSCLC is essential for optimising treatment decisions, but often incomplete. We assessed the efficacy of protocolised molecular profiling in the current standard-of-care (SoC) in a prospective observational study in the Netherlands and measured the effect of providing standardised diagnostic procedures. We also explored the potential of plasma-based molecular profiling in the primary diagnostic setting.

Methods
This multi-centre prospective study was designed to explore the performance of current clinical practice during the run-in phase using local SoC tissue profiling procedures. The subsequent phase was designed to investigate the extent to which comprehensive molecular profiling (CMP) can be maximized by protocolising tumour profiling. Successful molecular profiling was defined as completion of at least EGFR and ALK testing. Additionally, PD-L1 tumour proportions scores were explored. Lastly, the additional value of centralised plasma-based testing for EGFR and KRAS mutations using droplet digital PCR was evaluated.

Results
Total accrual was 878 patients, 22.0% had squamous cell carcinoma and 78.0% had non-squamous NSCLC. Stage I-III was seen in 54.0%, stage IV in 46.0%. Profiling of EGFR and ALK was performed in 69.9% of 136 patients included in the run-in phase, significantly more than real-world data estimates of 55% (p<0.001). Protocolised molecular profiling increased the rate to 77.0% (p = 0.049). EGFR and ALK profiling rates increased from 77.9% to 82.1% in non-squamous NSCLC and from 43.8% to 57.5% in squamous NSCLC. Plasma-based testing was feasible in 98.4% and identified oncogenic driver mutations in 7.1% of patients for whom tissue profiling was unfeasible.

Conclusion
This study shows a high success rate of tissue-based molecular profiling that was significantly improved by a protocolised approach. Tissue-based profiling remains unfeasible for a substantial proportion of patients. Combined analysis of tumour tissue and circulating tumour DNA is a promising approach to allow adequate molecular profiling of more patients.
Training and provision of mobility aids to promote autonomy and mobility of older patients in a geriatric emergency department: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Polesel Fernanda Sato , Denadai Sâmia , Aliberti Márlon Juliano Romero , Morinaga Christian Valle , Andrade-Junior Mario Chueire de , Madalena Itiana Cardoso , Yamaguti Wellington Pereira , Curiati Pedro Kallas , Righetti Renato Fraga 
Published: July 2024

Older adults have higher rates of emergency department (ED) admissions when compared to their younger counterparts. Mobility is the ability to move around, but also encompasses the environment and the ability to adapt to it. Walking aids can be used to improve mobility and prevent falls. According to international guidelines, they must be available in Geriatric EDs. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a program of training and provision of walking aids (WA), associated or not with telemonitoring, on fear of falling, mobility, quality of life and risk of falls up to 3 and 6 months in older adults cared for in an ED. A randomized controlled trial will be carried out in the ED. Participants will be randomized and allocated into three groups, as follows: A) walking aid group will be trained for the use of a walking aid and receive guidance on safe gait; B) walking aid and telemonitoring group will receive training for the use of a walking aid, guidance on safe gait, and telemonitoring (every two weeks for first three months); C) Control group will receive only guidance on safe gait. Patients will undergo a baseline evaluation encompassing sociodemographic and clinical data, mobility in life spaces, gait speed, muscle strength, functionality, quality of life, fear of falling, history of falls, cognition and mood before the intervention. Gait time and fear of falling will be assessed again after the intervention in ED. Finally, mobility in life spaces, functionality, quality of life, fear of falling, history of falls, cognition, and mood will be assessed 3 and 6 months after discharge from the geriatric ED through a telephone interview. Provision of walking aids in the geriatric ED is currently recommended. This study will be the first randomized controlled trial that will evaluate the impact of training and provision of these devices in the ED.
Trial registration number: NCT05950269.
The association between flooring materials and childhood asthma: A prospective birth cohort in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Iwata Hiroyoshi , Ikeda Atsuko , Itoh Mariko , Itoh Sachiko , Ketema Rahel Mesfin , Tamura Naomi , Miyashita Chihiro , Yamaguchi Takeshi , Yamazaki Keiko , Yamamoto Rieko , Tojo Maki , Saijo Yasuaki , Ito Yoshiya , Kishi Reiko ,   the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group
Published: July 2024

Background
Childhood asthma is known to be affected by a range of factors, including conditions in the indoor environment. While flooring material influences indoor air conditions, the potential association between flooring materials and childhood asthma remains poorly understood in Japan.

Objective
The present study aims to assess the association between childhood asthma incidence and the primary flooring material with the ongoing prospective nationwide birth cohort data of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS).

Methods
The JECS gathered data on mothers and children through 15 Regional Centres across Japan. The present study assessed flooring materials used in the home and asthma incidence at age four among children born between 2011 and 2014. We implemented logistic regressions, setting asthma incidence among the children as the outcome and home floor type as the exposure. Additional analyses were conducted, stratifying the home’s age as a proxy for tatami age, to assess whether the potential effect of tatami flooring on asthma risk is influenced by its age.

Results
The present study included total of 75,629 infants. For tatami flooring, the main multivariable regression and additional sub-group regression for homes over ten years old produced odds ratios of 1.09; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [1.01–1.17] and 1.10; 95% CI [1.00–1.21] compared with flooring, respectively.

Conclusion
These results imply that exposure to tatami flooring, particularly in older homes, may be associated with childhood asthma incidence. Moreover, our study highlights the importance of evaluating the relationship between regional and cultural differences between asthma and flooring materials.
Evaluation of ChatGPT as a diagnostic tool for medical learners and clinicians
Authors: Hadi Ali , Tran Edward , Nagarajan Branavan , Kirpalani Amrit 
Published: July 2024

Background
ChatGPT is a large language model (LLM) trained on over 400 billion words from books, articles, and websites. Its extensive training draws from a large database of information, making it valuable as a diagnostic aid. Moreover, its capacity to comprehend and generate human language allows medical trainees to interact with it, enhancing its appeal as an educational resource. This study aims to investigate ChatGPT’s diagnostic accuracy and utility in medical education.

Methods
150 Medscape case challenges (September 2021 to January 2023) were inputted into ChatGPT. The primary outcome was the number (%) of cases for which the answer given was correct. Secondary outcomes included diagnostic accuracy, cognitive load, and quality of medical information. A qualitative content analysis was also conducted to assess its responses.

Results
ChatGPT answered 49% (74/150) cases correctly. It had an overall accuracy of 74%, a precision of 48.67%, sensitivity of 48.67%, specificity of 82.89%, and an AUC of 0.66. Most answers were considered low cognitive load 51% (77/150) and most answers were complete and relevant 52% (78/150).

Discussion
ChatGPT in its current form is not accurate as a diagnostic tool. ChatGPT does not necessarily give factual correctness, despite the vast amount of information it was trained on. Based on our qualitative analysis, ChatGPT struggles with the interpretation of laboratory values, imaging results, and may overlook key information relevant to the diagnosis. However, it still offers utility as an educational tool. ChatGPT was generally correct in ruling out a specific differential diagnosis and providing reasonable next diagnostic steps. Additionally, answers were easy to understand, showcasing a potential benefit in simplifying complex concepts for medical learners. Our results should guide future research into harnessing ChatGPT’s potential educational benefits, such as simplifying medical concepts and offering guidance on differential diagnoses and next steps.
Exploration of alive-and-ventilator free days as an outcome measure for clinical trials of Resuscitative interventions
Authors: Moskowitz Ari , Xie Xianhong , Gong Michelle Ng , Wang Henry E. , Andrea Luke , Lo Yungtai , Kim Mimi ,   for the Hospital Airway Resuscitation Trial Investigators
Published: July 2024

Background
Outcome selection is a critically important aspect of clinical trial design. Alive-and-ventilator free days is an outcome measure commonly used in critical care clinical trials, but has not been fully explored in resuscitation science.

Methods
A simulation study was performed to explore approaches to the definition and analysis of alive-and-ventilator free days in cardiac arrest populations. Data from an in-hospital cardiac arrest observational cohort and from the Pragmatic Airway Resuscitation Trial were used to inform and conduct the simulations and validate approaches to alive-and-ventilator free days measurement and analysis.

Findings
Alive-and-ventilator-free days is a flexible outcome measure in cardiac arrest populations. An approach to alive-and-ventilator free days that assigns -1 days when return of spontaneous circulation is not achieved provides a wider distribution of the outcome and improves statistical power. The optimal approach to the analysis of alive-and-ventilator free days varies based on the expected impact of the intervention under study on rates of return of spontaneous circulation, survival, and ventilator-free survival.

Conclusions
Alive-and-ventilator free days adds to the armamentarium of clinical trialists in the field of resuscitation science.
The Superhero Multiverse: Readapting Comic Book Icons in Twenty-First-Century Film and Popular Media, Lorna Piatti-Farnell (ed.) (2022)
Authors: Ibarra Enrique Ajuria 
Published: July 2024

Review of: The Superhero Multiverse: Readapting Comic Book Icons in Twenty-First-Century Film and Popular Media, Lorna Piatti-Farnell (ed.) (2022)
London: Lexington, 313 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-79362-459-8, h/bk, AUD 195
ISBN 978-1-79362-461-1, p/bk, AUD 79.90
Ex-voto, Teatro e Direitos Humanos
Authors: Dos Santos Mendes Everaldo 
Published: July 2024

Na peça “O Pagador de Promessas” [1960], do teatrólogo Dias Gomes, Zé-do-Burro, para cumprir uma promessa pendente com Iansã pela cura de Nicolau, divide sua propriedade rural entre os pobres e carrega uma cruz de madeira por sessenta léguas, para depositá-la na Igreja de Santa Bárbara [Salvador, Bahia, Brasil]. Partindo da teologia como reflexão crítica da práxis histórica, investiguei a ação ex-votiva de Zé-do-Burro em “O Pagador de Promessas”, de Dias Gomes, imbricada em ex-voto, teatro e direitos humanos. No itinerário teórico-metodológico, elegi a pesquisa qualitativa, de impostação bibliográfica e documental. Zé-do-Burro e Rosa chegam à igreja de madrugada. Padre Olavo recusa-se a receber o ex-voto de Zé-do-Burro, impedindo-lhe a desobriga. No ex-terior da igreja, Zé-do-Burro é explorado por candomblecistas e jornalistas. Permanece, teimosamente, nas escadarias do espaço litúrgico católico, onde recebe apoio dos pobres, defendendo-lhe o direito de pagar a promessa. Pe. Olavo aciona a polícia, estabelecendo-se um confronto com os manifestantes — o que culmina na morte de Zé-do-Burro. Na última cena, os capoeiras entram na igreja com a cruz ex-votiva; sobre ela, o corpo de [finado] Zé-do-Burro.
PENGARUH EDUKASI GIZI MELALUI MEDIA POP-UP BOOK TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN GIZI DAN KEBIASAAN MAKAN PAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 3 TIUH MEMON
Authors: Nurahmadi Rizki , Khalida Dalimunthe Nathasa 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackground: School aged children are a group that is vulnerable to nutritional and health problems. One of the problem is the habit not have breakfast. Nutrition education with interesting media is an effort to increase nutrition knowledge and breakfast habits in school children.Objective: The aimed of the research was to analyze the effect of nutrition education through Pop-up book media on nutrition knowledge and breakfast habits of 3 Tiuh Memon Elementary School studentsMethods: This research was conducted in July 2023, located at Tiuh Memon 3 Public Elementary School. The research design was a pre-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with a total sample of 57 respondents. The research instrument was a nutritional knowledge questionnaire and food recall (type and frequency of having breakfast) before and after education. The analysis carried out was descriptive and different tests, namely the Paired T-test and the Wilcoxon test.Results: There was an effect of nutrition education through Pop-up book media on nutritional knowledge (p=0.002), breakfast habits (breakfast frequency in a week) (p=0.000) and breakfast habits (type of breakfast) (p=0.000).Keywords: Breakfast habit;Nutritional education;; Nutritional knowledge; School Aged children ABSTRACTLatar Belakang : Anak sekolah dasar adalah salah satu kelompok yang rentan terhadap permasalahan gizi dan kesehatan. Salah satu pemasalahannya yaitu tidak terbiasa untuk makan pagi. Edukasi gizi dengan media yang menarik merupakan salah satu upaya untuk dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan gizi dan kebiasaan makan pagi pada anak sekolah.Tujuan : Tujuan penelitian yaitu menganalisis pengaruh edukasi gizi melalui media Pop-up book terhadap pengetahuan gizi dan kebiasaan makan pagi siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri 3 Tiuh MemonMetode : Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juli 2023 berlokasi di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 3 Tiuh Memon. Desain penelitian ini adalah pre experiment design dengan pendekatan one group pretest-posttest. Teknik sampling yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 57 responden. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah kuesioner pengetahuan gizi dan food recall (jenis dan frekuensi makan) sebelum dan sesudah edukasi. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah deskriptif dan uji beda yaitu Paired T-test dan uji Wilcoxon.Hasil : Terdapat pengaruh edukasi gizi melalui media Pop-up book terhadap pengetahuan gizi ( p=0,002) dan kebiasaan makan pagi (frekuensi makan pagi dalam seminggu) (p=0,000) dan kebiasaan makan pagi (jenis makan pagi) (p=0,000).Kesimpulan : Ada pengaruh edukasi gizi melalui media Pop-up book terhadap pengetahuan gizi dan kebiasaan makan pagi siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri 3 Tiuh Memon.Kata Kunci : Anak usia sekolah; Edukasi Gizi; Kebiasaan Makan pagi; Pengetahuan gizi
Detection of serum CC16 by a rapid and ultrasensitive magnetic chemiluminescence immunoassay for lung disease diagnosis
Authors: Duan Kaili , Xiang Yu , Deng Yilong , Chen Junman , Liu Ping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
It has been reported that serum Clara cell secreted protein 16 (CC16) is a potential biomarker for lung injury diseases, but currently, there is no other method that is faster, more accurate, or more sensitive being applied in clinical practice apart from ELISA. The current study was designed to established a magnetic nanoparticles chemiluminescence immunoassay (MNPs-CLIA) for highly sensitive automated detection of serum Clara cell secretory protein 16 (CC16), and validated its diagnostic performance for lung disease.

Methods
The study included the expression of CC16 recombinant protein, the preparation and screening of its monoclonal antibody (MAb), as well as the construction, optimization and analytical evaluation of the MNPs-CLIA method. The clinical application value of this method was investigated by detecting CC16 level in 296 serum samples.

Results
The linear range of the MNPs-CLIA assay system was 0.2–50 ng/mL, and the limit of detection was 0.037 ng/mL. Performance parameters such as specificity, recovery rate, and precision can meet the industry standards of in vitro diagnostic reagents. The established method reveals consistent results with ELISA (R2=0.9962) currently used clinically, and it also exhibits satisfactory diagnostic efficacy of silicosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary sarcoidosis, with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.9748, 0.8428 and 0.9128, respectively.

Conclusions
Our established MNPs-CLIA method has the advantages of automation, high throughput, rapidity, and simplicity, and can be promoted for widely popularized in clinical applications. MNPs-CLIA detection of serum CC16 has efficient diagnostic potentiality for predicting and diagnosing lung diseases.
Advancing value-based laboratory medicine
Authors: Plebani Mario 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the concepts of value-based medicine (VBM) and value-based laboratory medicine (VBLM) are receiving increasing interest to improve the quality, sustainability and safety of healthcare. Laboratory medicine is well positioned to support the transition to value-based healthcare as it helps to improve clinical outcomes and healthcare sustainability by reducing the time to diagnosis, improving diagnostic accuracy, providing effective guidance for tailored therapies and monitoring, and supporting screening and wellness care. However, the perception of the value of laboratory medicine is still limited, to the extent that it has been defined a “profession without a face”, often lacking visibility to patients and the public. In addition, in recent decades, clinical laboratories have sought to improve the ration between outcomes and costs by increasing efficiency and reducing the cost per test rather than improving clinical outcomes. The aim of this paper is to propose a 10-point manifesto for implementing value-based laboratory medicine in clinical practice.