bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrial fibrillation fact sheet in Korea 2024 (part 1): epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in Korea
Authors: Lee So-Ryoung , Kim Daehoon , Lee Sung Ho , Lim Woo-Hyun , Chun Kwang Jin , Choe Won-Seok , Ahn Hyo-Jeong , Lee Kyung-Yeon , Choi JungMin , Kim Bong-Seong , Han Kyung-Do , Choi Eue-Keun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background and objectives
This study aimed to analyze and present updated trends in atrial fibrillation (AF) epidemiology within the Korean population, providing a foundation for planning and implementing appropriate management and treatment strategies for patients with AF.

Patients and methods
We used the Korean National Health Insurance Service database to evaluate the prevalence, incidence, comorbidities, and clinical adverse outcomes of patients with AF in Korea between 2013 and 2022.

Results
AF prevalence in Korean adults aged ≥ 20 years doubled (1.1 to 2.2%) between 2013 and 2022, with significant increases observed across various sex and age groups. Similarly, the number of newly diagnosed patients with AF per year increased steadily, with the incidence rising from 184 to 275 per 100,000 person-years, particularly among older populations. Over this period, the mean age of patients with AF increased from 67.7 to 70.3 years, and comorbidities prevalence and CHA2DS2-VASc score rose significantly, indicating a higher stroke risk. Compared with patients without AF, AF was associated with an increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.78), ischemic stroke (HR: 2.39), major bleeding (HR: 2.10), myocardial infarction (HR: 1.44), and heart failure admission (HR: 2.42).

Conclusion
AF prevalence and incidence have steadily increased between 2013 and 2022, with a more pronounced increase in older patients. Patients with AF are increasingly becoming a high-risk population and are at increased risk of clinical adverse outcomes compared to non-AF patients. Therefore, a sustained national effort to improve AF awareness and comprehensive care quality for patients with AF is required.
Deep Learning-Based Dynamic Risk Prediction of Venous Thromboembolism for Patients With Ovarian Cancer in Real-World Settings From Electronic Health Records
Authors: Lee Dahhay , Kim Seongyoon , Lee Sanghee , Kim Hak Jin , Kim Ji Hyun , Lim Myong Cheol , Cho Hyunsoon 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE Patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have an elevated risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). To assess the risk of VTE, models were developed by statistical or machine learning algorithms. However, few models have accommodated deep learning (DL) algorithms in realistic clinical settings. We aimed to develop a predictive DL model, exploiting rich information from electronic health records (EHRs), including dynamic clinical features and the presence of competing risks. METHODS We extracted EHRs of 1,268 patients diagnosed with EOC from January 2007 through December 2017 at the National Cancer Center, Korea. DL survival networks using fully connected layers, temporal attention, and recurrent neural networks were adopted and compared with multi-perceptron–based classification models. Prediction accuracy was independently validated in the data set of 423 patients newly diagnosed with EOC from January 2018 to December 2019. Personalized risk plots displaying the individual interval risk were developed. RESULTS DL-based survival networks achieved a superior area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) between 0.95 and 0.98 while the AUROC of classification models was between 0.85 and 0.90. As clinical information benefits the prediction accuracy, the proposed dynamic survival network outperformed other survival networks for the test and validation data set with the highest time-dependent concordance index (0.974, 0.975) and lowest Brier score (0.051, 0.049) at 6 months after a cancer diagnosis. Our visualization showed that the interval risk fluctuating along with the changes in longitudinal clinical features. CONCLUSION Adaption of dynamic patient clinical features and accounting for competing risks from EHRs into the DL algorithms demonstrated VTE risk prediction with high accuracy. Our results show that this novel dynamic survival network can provide personalized risk prediction with the potential to assist risk-based clinical intervention to prevent VTE among patients with EOC.
Pituitary Complications of Checkpoint Inhibitor Use
Authors: Chamorro-Pareja Natalia , Faje Alexander T , Miller Karen K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapy but are associated with a risk of endocrine immune-related adverse events, including pituitary complications. Autoimmune hypophysitis, traditionally a rare diagnosis, has become a more frequently encountered clinical entity with the emergence of antitumor immunotherapy. This mini-review aims to consolidate current knowledge, encompassing the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of pituitary complications of immune checkpoint inhibitor use.
Insulin Mimicking Mystery: Decoding Recurrent Hypoglycemia
Authors: Sridhar Aarthi , Renzu Mahvish , Mehta Vidhi , Hubers Carly , Ruby Edward 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Insulin antibody syndrome (IAS), also known as Hirata disease, is a rare condition characterized by spontaneous hypoglycemic episodes unrelated to exogenous insulin exposure. It is caused by elevated serum levels of insulin autoantibodies (IAA). IAS typically occurs when a triggering factor, such as medication or viral infection, interacts with a predisposing genetic background. Diagnosing IAS is challenging due to its rarity and the presence of multiple potential causes for hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. The presence of Whipple triad—symptoms of hypoglycemia, low plasma glucose concentration, and relief of symptoms after raising plasma glucose—strongly supports the diagnosis of IAS. However, the detection of IAA is considered the most reliable test. Timely diagnosis can facilitate appropriate treatment and prevent unnecessary imaging studies and invasive procedures, thereby reducing costs. Currently, no definitive guidelines exist for managing IAS. Most management strategies involve supportive measures due to the high rate of spontaneous remission, with hypoglycemia often managed through dietary interventions. However, a few medications have shown benefit. Although predominantly observed in the Japanese population, IAS cases have been reported in other ethnicities, including Caucasians. This report presents a unique case of IAS in an African American male.
The Rocker Technique for Atlantoaxial Dislocation With or Without Basilar Invagination: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Bajaj Jitin , Patidar Jayant , Bajaj Diya , Vikram Aditya , Yadav Omprakash , Yadav Nishtha , Sharma Mukesh , Hedaoo Ketan , Sinha Mallika , Ratre Shailendra , Parihar Vijay S. , Swamy M. N. , Yadav Y. R. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) poses a complex surgical challenge. Surgical approaches vary for reducible and irreducible cases. Challenges persist in reducing the atlantodental interval, especially in cases with oblique or vertical C1-C2 joints. The Rocker instrument (MJ Surgical), a less-explored technique, seeks to simplify instrumentation, reduce complexity, and enhance translation and retroflection reduction of AAD.

METHODS:
This prospective observational study was conducted from January 2022 to July 2023 at a tertiary neurosurgical center. Inclusion criteria covered all age groups with AAD, with or without basilar invagination. Exclusions included medically unstable patients and severe osteoporotic spine conditions. Preoperative assessments included dynamic X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography scans. The Rocker technique was used, and patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months.

RESULTS:
Fifty-five patients (30 males, 25 females) underwent surgery. The mean age was 40.41 ± 15.01 years. Successful Rocker technique application was observed in 53 cases. Functional outcomes, assessed using Modified Ranawat grading, showed improvement postoperatively. Radiological outcomes revealed a significant reduction in the anterior atlantodental interval (7.21 ± 0.94 to 2.98 ± 0.78). Basilar invagination was reduced in all cases, whenever present. The technique exhibited versatility, applicability in various joint orientations, and cost-effectiveness.

CONCLUSION:
The Rocker technique is a safe and effective alternative for managing both reducible and irreducible AADs, with or without basilar invagination. It simplifies the reduction process, offering advantages over established techniques. Further trials, especially in rotational deformities, are warranted for validation.
Development and Validation of a Novel Human-Fixed Cadaveric Model Reproducing Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation for Simulation of Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Gosselin Laura-Elisabeth , Morin Nicolas , Gariépy Charles , Chamberland Mathieu , Beaulieu Olivier , Nadeau Sylvie , Champagne Pierre-Olivier 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Endoscopic endonasal surgery is a well-established surgical approach to the skull base. Surgeons need a reusable long-lasting tool to acquire the skills needed for skull base reconstruction. The aim of this study was to elaborate and validate a human formalin-fixed cadaveric model that reproduces a realistic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation and that adequately renders a CSF leak.

METHODS:
An external ventricular drain that connects with a peristaltic pump is placed in the subarachnoid space, which allows a water circulation that reproduces CSF circulation. Intracranial pressure is measured in real time. Endoscopic endonasal skull base approaches are performed, to create different skull base openings and CSF leaks. Participants were tasked with reconstruction of the defects using a standardized multilayered approach, with the goal of obtaining a watertight closure under normal intracranial pressure ranges. Compiled data included time of reconstruction, years of experience of participants, and success/failure to achieve a watertight reconstruction. A Likert questionnaire was also used.

RESULTS:
The cadaveric model reproduced CSF circulation in 4 types of dural defects: sellar, suprasellar, transcribriform, and transclival. Intracranial pressures were similar to physiological conditions and were reproducible. Each model was tested multiple times, over several months. Success rates concurred with training levels (r = .8282 and P = .0017). A strong inverse correlation was also found between years of experience and time of reconstruction (r = .4977 and P < .0001). Participants agreed that the model was realistic (median Likert score of 4), and they strongly agreed that it allowed for the improvement of their surgical skills (median Likert score of 5).

CONCLUSION:
This novel human-fixed cadaveric model for CSF circulation is efficient and adequately reproduces surgical conditions for skull base approaches. The model is unique, easy to reproduce, and reusable. It can be used as a tool for teaching and for research purposes.
A Novel Marking Technique for Accurate Minimal Invasive Approaches in Spine Tumor Surgeries With Activated Carbon Marking
Authors: Hem Santiago , Padilla-Lichtenberger Fernando Lucio , Borensztein Matias , Del Valle Juan , Landriel Federico 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
To describe a novel, practical, reproducible, and effective preoperative marking technique for accurate localization of the spinal level in a series of patients with tumor lesions.

METHODS:
We retrospectively analyzed patients undergoing minimally invasive (MIS) surgery for spine tumors from 2016 to 2021, in which this marking technique was used. Twenty-one patients, with tumor lesions involving difficult radioscopic visualization (cervicothoracic junction or upper dorsal spine, C6-T8), were included. Tumor lesion level was previously determined with enhanced MRI in all cases. Twenty-four to forty-eight hours before surgery, computed tomography image–guided carbon marking was performed by administration of aqueous suspension of carbon with a 21-gauge needle placed resembling the MIS approach planned trajectory. During surgery, activated carbon marking was followed until reaching the final target on the bone. Next, sequential dilators and an MIS retractor were placed. Then, bone resection and tumor exeresis were performed according to the case.

RESULTS:
Average age was 60.6 years (26-76 years). Fifteen (71%) patients were women. In most cases (76%), tumor pathology involved intradural lesions (meningiomas and schwannomas). In all cases, the marking described allowed to accurately guide the MIS approach to tumor site. Neither intraoperative fluoroscopy nor approach enlargement was required in any procedure. Postoperative complications were reported in only 4 patients, none related with the marking.

CONCLUSION:
Computed tomography image–guided activated carbon marking allows to accurately lead MIS approaches in a practical, reproducible, and effective way in cases of tumors localized in regions of the spine of difficult radioscopic visualization.
call for different perspectives
Authors: Bedford Alison , Barnes Naomi 
Published: July 2024

This miniature offers a provocation to consider both how and why the teaching of differing perspectives in history classrooms is undertaken in different nations and the relationship this has with citizenship in liberal democracies. Drawing on some initial survey data from Australian history teachers, the authors highlight the inconsistent understanding of the concept of perspective and the pressing need to maintain a focus on different perspectives at a time when far-right conservativism seeks to establish a monovocal grand narrative that returns to a ‘history of the victors’ approach to the detriment of multicultural, democratic societies.
Improving the Efficiency of Payments Systems Using Quantum Computing
Authors: McMahon Christopher , McGillivray Donald , Desai Ajit , Rivadeneyra Francisco , Lam Jean-Paul , Lo Thomas , Marsden Danica , Skavysh Vladimir 
Published: July 2024

High-value payment systems (HVPSs) are typically liquidity intensive because payments are settled on a gross basis. State-of-the-art solutions to this problem include algorithms that seek netting sets and allow for ad hoc reordering of submitted payments. This paper introduces a new algorithm that explores the entire space of payments reordering to improve the liquidity efficiency of these systems without significantly increasing payment delays. Finding the optimal payment order among the entire space of reorderings is, however, an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. We solve this problem using a hybrid quantum annealing algorithm. Despite the limitations in size and speed of today’s quantum computers, our algorithm provides quantifiable liquidity savings when applied to the Canadian HVPS using a 30-day sample of transaction data. By reordering batches of 70 payments, we achieve an average of Canadian (C) $240 million in daily liquidity savings, with a settlement delay of approximately 90 seconds. For a few days in the sample, the liquidity savings exceed C$1 billion. Compared with classical computing and with current algorithms in HVPS, our quantum algorithm offers larger liquidity savings, and it offers more reliable and consistent solutions, particularly under time constraints. This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, optimization. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00314 .
Scarcity of Ideas and Optimal R&D Policy
Authors: Basov Suren , Erkal Nisvan , Minehart Deborah , Scotchmer Suzanne 
Published: July 2024

We consider a model of innovation that distinguishes between ideas and innovations. Although innovation responds to incentives, ideas are a scarce resource that provides an exogenous constraint on the rate of innovation. We investigate how the optimal reward structure is shaped by the scarcity of ideas. Substitute ideas for innovation in the model arrive to random recipients at random times. By forgoing investment in a current idea, society preserves an option to invest in a better idea for the same market niche but with delay. Because successive ideas may occur to different people, there is a conflict between private and social optimality. The social planner does not observe the arrival of ideas and learns over time about the arrival rate of ideas. We represent the social planner’s beliefs using a general continuous density and illustrate that the evolution of beliefs can be tracked by the cumulative hazard function. The reward set by the social planner serves a dual purpose: learning about the arrival rate of ideas and trading off lower delays against lower-cost ideas. We show that the optimal reward increases as time passes because the social planner comes to view ideas as more scarce. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03362 .
Ejercer, ejercitar y reparar: filosofía con infancias como práctica extramuros, como derecho, como ejercicio espiritual, como crítica al adultocentrismo y al androcentrismo.
Authors: Victoria Martina elida 
Published: July 2024

En este artículo recuperamos algunos sentidos del filosofar y de la filosofía que consideramos fecundos para la comprensión de la práctica de la filosofía con infancias (FcI). Sostenemos la necesidad de revisitar la pregunta por la filosofía misma, así como algo de la historia de esta disciplina que nos ayude a identificar cuáles versiones de ella se ponen, o podrían poner, en juego en la práctica de la FcI. Así, apareció la necesidad de dar cuenta de la propuesta de filosofía extramuros (Ferraro, 2018), por lo que ensayaremos una vinculación con una idea de Jacques Derrida sobre el derecho humano a la filosofía o al filosofar. Luego, recuperaremos la hipótesis foucaultiana del “momento cartesiano” como bifurcación entre el camino de la filosofía y el de la espiritualidad (Foucault, 2006) y se complementará con el estudio realizado por Pierre Hadot (2006) sobre los ejercicios espirituales de las escuelas filosóficas de la Antigüedad grecolatina. En tercer lugar, problematizaremos el carácter androcentrado de la disciplina filosófica (Alvarado, 2017) en relación con el adultocentrismo de la misma. Desde la mirada de los feminismos, se lucha por visibilizar el sesgo androcéntrico del discurso académico. La filosofía como disciplina no es la excepción, ya que, a medida que se ha ido afianzando como disciplina académica, ha generado –como contracara– otredades y exclusiones. Sumado a esto, podríamos intentar advertir el sesgo adultocéntrico que ha tenido nuestra disciplina desde sus comienzos y contra el que se podría decir que la FcI se inscribe. Teniendo en cuenta estos enfoques teóricos, intentaremos pensar si la FcI puede ser un espacio-tiempo extramuros reparador de las exclusiones generadas desde la disciplina filosófica.
Combination of comprehensive thermal care and detail-oriented nursing care in the operating room for managing gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pan Ya-Ya , Zhang Qiu-Xiang 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
As the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases, its impact on cesarean sections has attracted widespread attention. Omni-directional, insulated care and detailed care are of great significance in this patient population, as they can effectively improve the quality of care in the operating room.
AIM
To explore the effect of the integrated use of comprehensive thermal insulation.
METHODS
Women with GDM who underwent cesarean sections at our hospital between April 2023 and February 2024 were included in this retrospective study. The participants were randomly allocated to two groups: The observation and control groups. An all-around thermal insulation nursing strategy, including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative temperature maintenance, was adopted. In addition, detailed nursing care measures, such as blood glucose monitoring, wound care, and psychological counseling, were implemented in the observation group.
RESULTS
Comparative observation revealed that all-around thermal insulation care can effectively prevent the incidence of maternal hypothermia caused by surgery, reduce the risk of infection, and promote blood circulation. The implementation of detailed care improved maternal satisfaction and reduced the incidence of complications via the appropriate management of fluctuations in the blood glucose levels and optimization of the nursing process before and after surgery according to the patient's characteristics.
CONCLUSION
The application of a combination of comprehensive thermal insulation and detailed nursing care improved the overall quality of perioperative care.
Parathyroidectomy restored bone mineral density in a neglected femoral neck fracture with renal osteodystrophy: A case report
Authors: Lin Tzu-Ching , Lin Shih-Wei , Yeh Kuang-Ting 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
This case report contributes to the medical literature by highlighting the successful management of a neglected femoral neck fracture in a patient with renal osteodystrophy and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPTH) who was on dialysis due to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It underscores the efficacy of parathyroidectomy (PTX) in restoring bone mineral density (BMD) and promoting fracture healing, addressing a significant complication in ESRD patients.
CASE SUMMARY
A 36-year-old female with renal osteodystrophy and on dialysis due to ESRD presented with a history of left patellar tendon rupture and later, a right achilles tendon avulsion fracture. Persistent right hip pain led to the discovery of a neglected right femoral neck fracture, which was initially overlooked due to the patient’s complex medical history. Two months post-achilles tendon repair, the patient underwent PTX to manage the refractory SHPTH. The postoperative course included rehabilitation and weight-bearing exercises. Remarkably, 2 years after osteosynthesis, radiographic assessments indicated a solid union of the periprothesis fracture and significant improvement in BMD, showcasing the efficacy of the treatment approach.
CONCLUSION
PTX, combined with appropriate rehabilitation, is crucial for improving BMD and fracture healing in ESRD patients with SHPTH.
Laparoscopy combined with hysteroscopy in the treatment of Robert’s uterus accompanied by adenomyosis: A case report
Authors: Dong Jie , Wang Jia-Jian , Fei Jing-Ying , Wu Li-Fang , Chen Ying-Ying 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Gynaecologists should be aware of a rare obstructive Mullerian duct abnormality like Robert’s uterus and perform further surgery when necessary.
CASE SUMMARY
We report a 41-year-old mother of two children with Robert’s uterus who was examined and treated by laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Unlike the existing cases reported in the literature, this patient had a late onset of Robert’s uterus symptoms. Due to right tubal ectopic pregnancy 3 years previously, the patient was treated with right salpingectomy and left tubal ligation but suffered aggravated left lower abdominal pain. She was examined and treated by laparoscopy and hysteroscopy, and is completely asymptomatic at 5-year follow-up.
CONCLUSION
The typical obstructive Mullerian abnormality requires further surgery. Combined laparoscopy and hysteroscopy is an effective, minimally invasive technique with better recovery outcomes than traditional transabdominal procedures.