bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The geomorphological context and impact of the linear emergent macrophyte, Sparganium erectum L.: a statistical analysis of observations from British rivers
Authors: Gurnell Angela M. , O'Hare Matthew T. , O'Hare Judith M. , Scarlett Peter , Liffen Thomas M.R. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the geomorphological context and impact of the widely‐occurring, linear emergent macrophyte, Sparganium erectum.Forty‐seven sites across Britain were selected for field investigation, spanning the range of environmental conditions within which Sparganium erectum had been found to be present in previous analyses of national data sets. A combination of descriptive graphs and statistics, principal components analysis, and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to explore the large multivariate data set collected at the 47 sites.The analyses showed that Sparganium erectum is present in significant quantities in relatively narrow and shallow (< 18 m wide and < 0.9 m deep to the limit of terrestrial vegetation), low gradient (maximum 0.004) channels of varying bed sediment calibre (cobble to silt). Within these environments, S. erectum stands (features) were associated with fine sediment retention, aggradation and submerged landform construction, leading to bench development and so, potentially, to adjustments in channel form and position. Sediment retention and landform construction within S. erectum features was most strongly apparent within reaches with a relatively high S. erectum cover and the presence of large area S. erectum features. It was also associated more weakly with S. erectum features that were comprised of relatively higher densities of plants with relatively smaller inter‐plant spacing and fewer leaves. The sediment retained in S. erectum features and associated bench and bank toe deposits showed larger numbers and species of viable seeds, indicating the potential for colonization and growth of other species on S. erectum features once they aggrade above the low flow water level and are no longer a suitable habitat for S. erectum. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Frequency Trading in the Korean Index Futures Market
Authors: Lee Eun Jung 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe investigate the trading behavior of high frequency trading (HFT), the impact of HFT on market quality, its role in the price discovery process, and its profitability, using a very detailed data set of the KOSPI 200 index futures market. We find that high frequency traders (HFTs) do not provide liquidity in the futures market, nor does HFT have any role in enhancing market quality. Indeed, HFT is detrimental to the price discovery process. This finding is contrary to those in the existing literature on HFT in equity markets. We also find that profitable opportunities for HFTs are rare after transaction costs are considered, with the notable exception that foreign HFTs can earn a profit in the index futures market. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 35:31–51, 2015
Identification of inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery during pancreaticoduodenectomy using augmented reality‐based navigation system
Authors: Onda Shinji , Okamoto Tomoyoshi , Kanehira Masaru , Suzuki Fumitake , Ito Ryusuke , Fujioka Shuichi , Suzuki Naoki , Hattori Asaki , Yanaga Katsuhiko 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), early ligation of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPDA) before efferent veins has been advocated to decrease blood loss by congestion of the pancreatic head to be resected. In this study, we herein report the utility of early identification of the IPDA using an augmented reality (AR)‐based navigation system (NS).MethodsSeven nonconsecutive patients underwent PD using AR‐based NS. After paired‐point matching registration, the reconstructed image obtained by preoperative computed tomography (CT) was fused with a real‐time operative field image and displayed on 3D monitors. The vascular reconstructed images, including the superior mesenteric artery, jejunal artery, and IPDA were visualized to facilitate image‐guided surgical procedures. We compared operating time and intraoperative blood loss of six patients who successfully underwent identification of IPDA using AR‐based NS (group A) with nine patients who underwent early ligation of IPDA without using AR (group B) and 18 patients who underwent a conventional PD (group C).ResultsThe IPDA or the jejunal artery was rapidly identified and ligated in six patients. The mean operating time and intraoperative blood loss in group A was 415 min and 901 ml, respectively. There was no significant difference in operating time and intraoperative blood loss among the groups.ConclusionsThe AR‐based NS provided precise anatomical information, which allowed the surgeons to rapidly identify and perform early ligation of IPDA in PD.
The resonance and pre‐resonance Raman scattering in the low energy 11B2u and 11B3u states of 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxy dianhydride in terms of DFT methods. The aggregation of NTCDA molecules in the ethanol and methanol solutions
Authors: Makowski M. , Zazakowny P. , Pawlikowski M. T. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe absorption, pre‐resonance, and resonance Raman spectra of 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxy dianhydride (NTCDA) molecule are examined in terms of time‐dependent density functional theory at TD‐B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVDZ and TD‐SVWN/aug‐cc‐pVDZ levels. The Franck–Condon analysis performed for two 11Ag → 11B2u and 11Ag → 11B3u overlapping transitions leads to an excellent agreement between the theoretical predictions and experimental data providing that the calculated absorption is confronted with that measured in chloroform or acetonitrile but not in the ethanol (methanol) solution. We argue that absorption spectra measured in ethanol solution already known in literature do not characterize NTCDA molecule. On the basis of the absorption and resonance scattering spectra, we may deliberate that the dimerization of NTCDA is responsible for utterly different absorption observed in ethanol (methanol) comparing with less active solvents (chloroform and acetonitrile). That conclusion is supported by the dimer vibronic theory and by the TD‐B97d computations at the aug‐cc‐pVDZ basis set level. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physicochemical and biochemical characterization of transgenic papaya modified for protection against Papaya ringspot virus
Authors: Roberts Madeen , Minott Donna A , Pinnock Simone , Tennant Paula F , Jackson Jose C 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDPapaya, a nutritious tropical fruit, is consumed both in its fresh form and as a processed product worldwide. Major quality indices which include firmness, acidity, pH, colour and size, are cultivar dependent. Transgenic papayas engineered for resistance to Papaya ringspot virus were evaluated over the ripening period to address physicochemical quality attributes and food safety concerns.RESULTSWith the exception of one transgenic line, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in firmness, acidity and pH. Lightness (L*) and redness (a*) of the pulps of non‐transgenic and transgenic papaya were similar but varied over the ripening period (P < 0.05). Fruit mass, though non‐uniform (P < 0.05) for some lines, was within the range reported for similar papaya cultivars, as were shape indices of female fruits. Transgene proteins, CP and NPTII, were not detected in fruit pulp at the table‐ready stage.CONCLUSIONThe findings suggest that transformation did not produce any major unintended alterations in the physicochemical attributes of the transgenic papayas. Transgene proteins in the edible fruit pulp were low or undetectable. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Three‐dimensional interaction and autostereoscopic display system using gesture recognition
Authors: Zhang Jie , Xu Xiao‐Qing , Liu Jun , Li Lei , Wang Qiong‐Hua 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe propose a 3D interaction and autostereoscopic display system that use gesture recognition, which can manipulate virtual objects in the scene directly by hand gestures and can display objects in 3D stereoscopy. The system consists of a gesture recognition and manipulation part as well as an autostereoscopic display as an interactive display part. To manipulate the 3D virtual scene, a gesture recognition algorithm is proposed, which use spatial‐temporal sequences of feature vectors to match predefined gestures. To get smooth 3D visualization, we utilize the programmable graphics pipeline in graphic processing unit to accelerate data processing. We develop a prototype system for 3D virtual exhibition. The prototype system reaches frame rates of 60 fps and operates efficiently with a mean recognition accuracy of 90%.
The role of natural and UV‐induced skin pigmentation on low‐fluence IPL‐induced side effects: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Thaysen‐Petersen Daniel , Lin Jennifer Y. , Nash JF. , Beerwerth Frank , Wulf Hans C. , Philipsen Peter A. , Haedersdal Merete 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe risk of adverse skin effects following light‐based hair removal is greater in pigmented skin based on the theory of selective photothermolysis. Thus sunlight‐induced pigment i.e., facultative pigmentation, increases the risk of adverse skin effects, perhaps disproportionately. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of constitutive and facultative skin pigmentation on low‐fluence intense pulsed light (IPL)‐induced adverse skin effects.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTwenty‐one subjects with Fitzpatrick skin type II–IV were enrolled. Two buttock blocks were randomized to receive 0 or 8 solar simulated ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposures of consecutively increasing Standard Erythema Doses (2–4 SED). Each block was subdivided into four sites, randomized to receive IPL of 0, 7, 8, or 10 J/cm2, once a week for 3 weeks. Biopsies were taken 16–24 hours after the first IPL exposure and subjects were seen 1 and 4 weeks after the last IPL exposure. Outcome measures were: (i) skin reactions, (ii) pain, (iii) mRNA expression of pigment‐markers microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) and pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC), and (iv) clinical appearance of biopsy wounds.ResultsSkin pigmentation increased after UVR (baseline median 13.8%, after UVR 28.1%, P = 0.0001) in all skin types. Subjects reported low pain intensities (median 1.5, scale 0–10) and experienced transient erythema immediately after IPL exposure. No persistent erythema, blisters, crusting, textual, or pigment changes were observed. The risk of erythema and pain intensities increased with IPL dose and skin pigmentation (P < 0.03). There was no difference in pain or skin reactions in skin with similar degree of natural and facultative pigmentation (P ≥ 0.104). Expression of cellular pigment‐markers was not influenced by IPL exposure, neither in constitutive nor in facultative pigmented skin. Clinical appearance of biopsy wounds was unaffected by IPL exposure.ConclusionThe prevalence and intensity of low‐fluence IPL‐induced adverse skin effects depended on IPL dose and skin pigmentation regardless of the origin, i.e., constitutive versus UV induced. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:104–111, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fabrication and Characterization of Novel High Modulus, Two‐Stage Reactive Thiol‐Acrylate Composite Polymer Systems
Authors: Nair Devatha P. , Cramer Neil B. , McBride Mathew K. , Gaipa John C. , Lee Nathan C. , Shandas Robin , Bowman Christopher N. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryHigh modulus two‐stage reactive polymer systems are fabricated and characterized in regards to their thermomechanical properties and behavior. The polymer networks comprise thiol‐acrylate formulations in which a polymer matrix is initially formed via an amine catalyzed thiol‐Michael addition ‘click’ reaction, eventually followed by photoinitiated, free radical polymerization of the excess acrylic functional groups to result in formation of a highly crosslinked, high modulus polymer material. Composites were formed and evaluated using two distinct polymerizable thiol‐acrylate formulations, each with three different filler types. Here, the fillers were used primarily to improve the mechanical performance of the polymer material following the initial Michael addition reaction though improvements were also observed in some materials following the photopolymerization as well. The fillers used were 0.7 µm methacrylated silica particles, translucent Kevlar veil and PET mesh. Thermomechanical analysis showed that the fillers resulted in a significant increase in the modulus in both the polymer networks formed at the end of each of the orthogonal reactions without a significant change in the glass transition temperatures (Tg). The two‐stage matrix formed with a hexa‐acrylate matrix and 20 volume % silica particles showed a 125% increase in the modulus at the end of the Michael‐addition reaction and a 100% increase in the modulus after photopolymerization of the acrylates, when compared with the modulus of the unfilled polymer.
PEG‐Based Microgels to Modify Biomaterials Surfaces
Authors: Wu Yong , Wang Qichen , Libera Matthew 
Published: August 2013

SummaryMicrogels are hydrogel particles ∼0.1–10 microns in size which have been increasingly explored for biomaterials applications. They can be designed to sequester drugs based on both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, and different strategies exist to trigger drug release from them. Microgels based on poly(ethylene glycol) are particularly attractive because of their intrinsic antifouling properties, the flexibility they bring to microgel design and synthesis, and the regulatory precedents set by PEG's use in a number of FDA‐approved applications. This paper briefly reviews progress in the field of PEG‐based microgels. We give examples illustrating their electrostatic deposition onto biomaterial surfaces and their ability to sequester antimicrobials for applications involving biomaterials‐associated infection.
Field‐Structured Polymer Composites
Authors: Martin James E. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe use of multiaxial magnetic fields to create particle composites with controlled structures and properties is discussed. These field‐structured composites can have greatly enhanced isotropic or anisotropic properties, and have applications to sensing, actuation, and thermal transport. In this article the synthesis of these materials is discussed, and a variety of composite structures are shown. The magnetic permeability and thermal conductivity are given as specific examples of the utility of multiaxial field structuring.
Nanogels as a Basis for Network Construction
Authors: Dailing Eric , Liu JianCheng , Lewis Steven , Stansbury Jeffery 
Published: August 2013

SummaryReactive nanogels with diverse chemical and physical compositions were synthesized using solution free radical polymerization. Conventional monomer resins show a reduction in polymerization shrinkage and stress as well as improved bond strength when nanogels are used as a filler. Nanogels dispersed in inert solvent at appropriate concentrations form macroscopic networks with chemical compositions that are not directly available from the starting monomers.
Hydrolytically Degradable Thiol–ene Hydrogels for Protein Release
Authors: Rehmann Matthew S. , Garibian Andrew C. , Kloxin April M. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryA new degradable PEG‐diester‐dinorbornene/PEG‐triester‐trithiol hydrogel was evaluated for protein release. The hydrogel polymerized rapidly with seconds of UV irradiation and subsequently hydrolytically degraded in aqueous buffer over the course of approximately 3 weeks. Further, the hydrogel enabled the encapsulation and release of a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), over 7 days with ∼ 90% released at 48 h. This study serves as a proof‐of‐concept for the creation of hydrolytically degradable, PEG‐ester‐thiol‐based hydrogels by a photoinitiated step growth mechanism for protein release. With this approach, degradation and release rates could be tuned by varying the monomer molecular weight and functionality in future studies.
Preparative TREF ‐ HT‐HPLC ‐ HPer DSC: Linking Molecular Characteristics and Thermal Properties of an Impact Poly(propylene) Copolymer
Authors: Cheruthazhekatt Sadiqali , Pijpers Thijs F. J. , Mathot Vincent B. F. , Pasch Harald 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe microstructure and thermal behaviour of complex polyolefins affect the product properties significantly. Therefore a thorough characterization of such semi‐crystalline materials is necessary to understand the relationship between molecular structure and melting and crystallization behaviour. In the present work, the correlation between the chain structure and thermal behaviour of various components in a complex midelution temperature TREF fraction (80 °C) of a commercial impact poly(propylene) copolymer were studied by using a combination of prep TREF and a highly selective separation method, HT HPLC, followed by thermal analysis of resulting dual fractions via a fast scanning DSC technique (HPer DSC). HT‐HPLC can separate polymer chains according to their microstructure (chemical composition, tacticity and chain branching) within in short analysis time. The ability to measure the thermal properties of minute amounts of materials by HPer DSC helps to correlate their chemical structure with the melting and crystallization behaviour. In this way, the present hyphenated technique (prep‐TREF‐HT‐HPLC‐HPer DSC) provides a powerful tool to separate and analyse complex mixtures of polymer components having different chemical structures and thermal properties.
Inhomogeneity Development During Slow, Irreversible Cross‐Linking of Gelatin
Authors: Souguir Hayfa , Baumberger Tristan 
Published: August 2013

SummaryGelatin gels, permanently cross‐linked following two different routes, exhibit the same phenomenology in which their turbidity builds‐up in concert with their elastic modulus. This is analyzed in terms of a minimal model for the chemo‐osmotic coupling mechanism first proposed by Bastide and Candau (in: “Physical Properties of Polymeric Gels”, J.‐P. Cohen Addad Ed., J. Wiley & Sons, New York 1996). The analysis points out the important role of labile counterions, which usually stiffen (osmotically) the gel, thereby hindering the coupling. This might be the reason why thisa priorigeneric mechanism was not observed earlier.
Stimuli‐Responsive Polymer Networks with β‐Cyclodextrin and Ferrocene Reversible Linkage Based on Linker Chemistry
Authors: Zhang Huijuan , Peng Liao , Xin Yan , Yan Qiang , Yuan Jinying 
Published: August 2013

SummaryDifferent from the chemical structure and self‐assembly behavior of traditional block copolymer, a homopolymer self‐assembly approach with reversible linkage based on linker chemistry has been developed. The strategy could be used for the preparation of stimuli‐responsive polymer networks with reversible linkers. A redox‐responsive supramolecular hydrogel was obtained by two hydrophilic copolymers (poly(N, N'‐dimethylacrylamide‐r‐glycidyl methacrylateglycidyl methacrylate) and poly(N, N'‐dimethylacrylamide‐r‐hydroxyethyl methacrylateglycidyl methacrylate)) with β‐CD and ferrocene pendent groups, respectively. The hydrogel exhibited gel‐sol transition after the addition of an oxidizing agent FeCl3 and returned to its gel state when a reducing agent ascorbic acid was added. SEM observation showed that the hydrogel had a porous network structure. The host‐guest interaction between β‐CD and ferrocene was a dominant driving force for the formation of the hydrogel.
Importance of Multi‐Angle Light Scattering in Polyolefin Characterization
Authors: Podzimek Stepan 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe paper reviews basic principles and applications of multi‐angle light scattering (MALS) employed as a detector for high temperature size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The presented MALS data were acquired with state‐of‐the‐art MALS instrumentation. A special attention is paid to the specific elution behavior of branched polyolefins during their SEC separation, to the characterization of long chain branching, and to overcoming the limitations arising from abnormal SEC elution. The MALS detection is also presented as highly reproducible method of the determination of molar mass averages and extremely sensitive technique for the detection of high molar mass fractions.
Evidences of Long‐Chain Branching in Ziegler‐Natta Polyethylene Homopolymers as Studied via SEC‐MALS and Rheology
Authors: Yu Youlu , Rohlfing David C. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryComprehensive polymer architectural studies were carried out on a group of Ziegler‐Natta (Z‐N) polyethylene homopolymers via size‐exclusion chromatography coupled with multi‐angle light scattering (SEC‐MALS) and rheology. Although Z‐N resins are traditionally viewed as linear polymers, both SEC‐MALS and rheology results strongly indicate that there are topological variations, presumably long‐chain branching (LCB) or possibly hyper‐branches, in this group of supposedly linear Z‐N homopolymers. These Z‐N homopolymers exhibit very complex elution behavior that resulted in anomalous elution profiles in SEC. It appeared that some high molecular weight (MW) and long‐chain branched components followed a non‐size exclusion separation mechanism on SEC columns, co‐eluting with low MW and linear polyethylene components, causing a delayed elution. The possible origin of LCB in these Z‐N polymers is also discussed.
Preparation and Characterization of PE‐g‐AIt
Authors: da Silva Marco A. , Galland Griselda B. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe grafting of HDPE and LLDPE with itaconic acid (AIt) was made by reactive extrusion using the peroxide 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐di(tert‐butyli) peroxy hexane (trigonox 101) as initiator. The graft efficiency was evaluated using FTIR to identify bands of carbonyl groups in the polymer. It is influence on the addition of itaconic acid in the structure of the polymer chain was evaluated using CRYSTAF and microcalorimetry, where it was show that the incorporated acid causes a narrow crystallization profile and the decrease of the percentage of the soluble fraction at 30 °C. The polymers were fractionated by molecular weight and chemical composition to check the distribution of the AIt incorporation, the percentage of AIt was quantified in each fraction by FTIR, and it was show that the incorporation of AIt occurred homogeneously in all the chains.
Ion Polymer Interactions in DNA Solutions and Gels
Authors: Horkay Ferenc 
Published: August 2013

SummarySystematic investigations using small angle neutron scattering (SANS) were made to reveal the effect of calcium ions on the structure of DNA gels and solutions in near‐physiological salt solutions. To describe the neutron scattering response two characteristic distances are required. The shorter length scale, R (≈10 Å), was found to be governed by the geometry of the DNA chain and is close to the cross‐sectional radius of the double helix. The longer length scale L corresponds to the mesh size of the network of overlapping polymer chains. L decreases with increasing DNA concentration as L ∝ cDNA−0.73. With increasing CaCl2 concentration both L and the scattering intensity increase. The increase in the scattering intensity reflects the reduction of the osmotic modulus as the calcium ion concentration increases. The values of the osmotic modulus derived from osmotic swelling pressure measurements are in reasonable agreement with those obtained from SANS.