bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focused post mortem dissection technique for harvest of rete mirabile in domestic swine (Sus scrofa)
Authors: Eliyas Javed Khader , Niekrasz Marek , Wardrip Craig , Lee Seon-Kyu 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundRete mirabile (RM) of the domestic pig is a popular animal model of arteriovenous malformations. The RM (Latin for ‘wonderful net)’ comprises the arterioarterial portal connecting ascending pharyngeal arteries and the internal carotid arteries, which exists in the skull base of even-toed ungulates. Although angiographic access of the RM is relatively easy, its post mortem procurement is complicated and its detailed technique has not been well described.ObjectiveTo present our focused post mortem dissection technique for undamaged and complete harvest of the RM.Materials and methodsFourteen domestic (40–70 lb (18–32 kg)) swine were used in this study. Angiographies were performed under general anesthesia in all animals. A 5F Berenstein catheter was used for angiography and a 014 microcatheter was used to obtain superselective angiography. A stepwise surgical dissection technique has been developed to efficiently harvest RM. Angiographic and surgical anatomy were also compared.ResultsThe RM was supplied by bilateral ascending pharyngeal arteries. Bilateral anterior cerebral arteries, middle cerebral arteries, and the basilar system were identified rostral to the RM. Our surgical dissection technique was developed during a project to streamline harvesting of the RM and a stepwise description is as follows: (1) decapitate the swine by removing the head through the plane of the occiput and C1 vertebral body; (2) remove the tongue and oropharynx via a ventral approach; (3) dissect through the posterior pharyngeal wall identifying bilateral tympanic bullae and the basisphenoid bone; and (4) remove the basisphenoid bone about one and half inches above the rostral end of the tympanic bullae to fully expose the rete.ConclusionsThe RM can be procured efficiently and effectively with our technique, without requiring any sophisticated surgical devices.
Cytosolic TMEM88 Promotes Invasion and Metastasis in Lung Cancer Cells by Binding DVLS
Authors: Zhang Xiupeng , Yu Xinmiao , Jiang Guiyang , Miao Yuan , Wang Liang , Zhang Yong , Liu Yang , Fan Chuifeng , Lin Xuyong , Dong Qianze , Han Qiang , Zhao Huanyu , Han Yong , Han Xu , Rong Xuezhu , Ding Shuting , Wang Endi , Wang Enhua 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Transmembrane protein 88 (TMEM88) is a transmembrane protein that plays a crucial role in regulating human stem cell differentiation and embryonic development. However, its expression and clinicopathologic significance in human neoplasms is unclear. In this study, the expression and subcellular localizations of TMEM88 were assessed in 214 cases of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Notably, TMEM88 was highly expressed in the cytosol of ∼60% NSCLC specimens examined. Higher expression of cytosolic TMEM88 in NSCLC correlated significantly with poor differentiation, high TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and inferior survival. In NSCLC cells displaying membrane-localized TMEM88, we observed an inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling due to interactions of TMEM88 with the Wnt pathway factor Dishevelled (DVLS). In contrast, NSCLC cells with cytosol-localized TMEM88 lacked effects on Wnt signaling. Cytosolic interactions of TMEM88 and DVLS increased the expression of phosphorylated, active forms of p38, GSK3β (Thr390), and Snail, thereby reducing the expression of the tight junction-associated proteins ZO-1 and occludin, effects associated with enhanced invasive and metastatic cell characters. Importantly, attenuating the expression of cytosolic TMEM88 reduced metastatic prowess in xenograft models. Overall, our findings show how mislocalization of TMEM88 to the cytosol in NSCLC cells ablates its Wnt pathway regulatory properties, thereby promoting invasion and metastasis by activating the p38–GSK3β–Snail signaling pathway. Cancer Res; 75(21); 4527–37. ©2015 AACR.
AZD2014, an Inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2, Is Highly Effective in ER+ Breast Cancer When Administered Using Intermittent or Continuous Schedules
Authors: Guichard Sylvie M. , Curwen Jon , Bihani Teeru , D'Cruz Celina M. , Yates James W.T. , Grondine Michael , Howard Zoe , Davies Barry R. , Bigley Graham , Klinowska Teresa , Pike Kurt G. , Pass Martin , Chresta Christine M. , Polanska Urszula M. , McEwen Robert , Delpuech Oona , Green Stephen , Cosulich Sabina C. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
mTOR is an atypical serine threonine kinase involved in regulating major cellular functions, such as nutrients sensing, growth, and proliferation. mTOR is part of the multiprotein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2, which have been shown to play critical yet functionally distinct roles in the regulation of cellular processes. Current clinical mTOR inhibitors only inhibit the mTORC1 complex and are derivatives of the macrolide rapamycin (rapalogs). Encouraging effects have been observed with rapalogs in estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) breast cancer patients in combination with endocrine therapy, such as aromatase inhibitors. AZD2014 is a small-molecule ATP competitive inhibitor of mTOR that inhibits both mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes and has a greater inhibitory function against mTORC1 than the clinically approved rapalogs. Here, we demonstrate that AZD2014 has broad antiproliferative effects across multiple cell lines, including ER+ breast models with acquired resistance to hormonal therapy and cell lines with acquired resistance to rapalogs. In vivo, AZD2014 induces dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition in several xenograft and primary explant models. The antitumor activity of AZD2014 is associated with modulation of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 substrates, consistent with its mechanism of action. In combination with fulvestrant, AZD2014 induces tumor regressions when dosed continuously or using intermittent dosing schedules. The ability to dose AZD2014 intermittently, together with its ability to block signaling from both mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes, makes this compound an ideal candidate for combining with endocrine therapies in the clinic. AZD2014 is currently in phase II clinical trials. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(11); 2508–18. ©2015 AACR.
Teatro do Oprimido: síntese histórica do Arena ou narrativa de resistência do encontro de Augusto Boal com a pedagogia do teatro?
Authors: Leal Dodi 
Published: September 2015

<div class="page" title="Page 2"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Este artigo pretende analisar os principais fatores históricos que levaram Augusto Boal a novas propostas de recepção e encenação com o Teatro do Oprimido. Sob a ótica da crítica foucaultiana, o Teatro do Oprimido é discutido como um projeto contemporâneo que dá continuidade e, ao mesmo tempo, resiste à moderna pedagogia teatral de Stanislavski (dirigida à noção de sujeito e cuidado de si) forjando uma pedagogia teatral da biopolítica que incorpora em seu escopo dramatúrgico e improvisacional tecnologias avançadas de julgamento e decisão de problemas (opressões) populacionais. </span></p></div></div></div>
Irrigated Needle Ablation Creates Larger and More Transmural Ventricular Lesions Compared With Standard Unipolar Ablation in an Ovine Model
Authors: Berte Benjamin , Cochet Hubert , Magat Julie , Naulin Jérôme , Ghidoli Daniele , Pillois Xavier , Casassus Frédéric , Yamashita Seigo , Mahida Saagar , Derval Nicolas , Hocini Mélèze , Quesson Bruno , Bernus Olivier , Weerasooriya Rukshen , Haïssaguerre Michel , Sacher Frédéric , Jaïs Pierre 
Published: September 2015

Background—
Ventricular tachycardia recurrence can occur after ventricular tachycardia ablation because of incomplete and nontransmural ventricular lesion formation. We sought to compare the lesions made by a novel irrigated needle catheter to conventional radiofrequency lesions.

Methods and Results—

Thirteen female sheep (4.6±0.7 years, 54±8 kg) were studied. In 7 sheep, 60-s radiofrequency applications were performed using an irrigated needle catheter. In 6 sheep, conventional lesions were made using a 4-mm irrigated catheter. 1.5T in vivo and high-density magnetic resonance imaging (9.4T) were performed on explanted hearts from animals receiving needle radiofrequency. Conventional lesion volume was calculated as (1/6)×π×(A×B
2
+C×D
2
/2). Needle lesion volume was measured as Σ(π×r
2
)/2 with a slice thickness of 1 mm. The dimensions of all lesions were also measured on gross pathology. Additional histological analysis of the needle lesions was performed. One hundred twenty endocardial left ventricular ablation lesions (conventional, n=60; needle, n=60) were created. At necropsy, more lesions were found using needle versus conventional radiofrequency (90% versus 75%;
P
<0.05). Comparing needle versus conventional radiofrequency: lesion volume was larger (1030±362 versus 488±384 mm
3
;
P
<0.001), lesion depth was increased (9.9±2.7 versus 5±2.4 mm;
P
<0.001), and more transmural lesions were created (62.5% versus 17%;
P
<0.01). Pericardial contrast injection was observed in 4 apical attempts using needle radiofrequency, however, with no adverse effects. Steam pops occurred in 3 attempts using conventional radiofrequency.

Conclusions—
Irrigated needle ablation is associated with more frequent, larger, deeper, and more often transmural lesions compared with conventional irrigated ablation. This technology might be of value to treat intramural or epicardial ventricular tachycardia substrates resistant to conventional ablation.
Management of Central Poststroke Pain
Authors: Mulla Sohail M. , Wang Li , Khokhar Rabia , Izhar Zain , Agarwal Arnav , Couban Rachel , Buckley D. Norman , Moulin Dwight E. , Panju Akbar , Makosso-Kallyth Sun , Turan Alparslan , Montori Victor M. , Sessler Daniel I. , Thabane Lehana , Guyatt Gordon H. , Busse Jason W. 
Published: September 2015

Background and Purpose—
Central poststroke pain is a chronic neuropathic disorder that follows a stroke. Current research on its management is limited, and no review has evaluated all therapies for central poststroke pain.

Methods—
We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials to evaluate therapies for central poststroke pain. We identified eligible trials, in any language, by systematic searches of AMED, CENTRAL, CINAHL, DARE, EMBASE, HealthSTAR, MEDLINE, and PsychINFO. Eligible trials (1) enrolled ≥10 patients with central poststroke pain; (2) randomly assigned them to an active therapy or a control arm; and (3) collected outcome data ≥14 days after treatment. Pairs of reviewers, independently and in duplicate, screened titles and abstracts of identified citations, reviewed full texts of potentially eligible trials, and extracted information from eligible studies. We used a modified Cochrane tool to evaluate risk of bias of eligible studies, and collected patient-important outcomes according to recommendations by the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials. We conducted, when possible, random effects meta-analyses, and evaluated our certainty in treatment effects using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation System.

Results—
Eight eligible English language randomized controlled trials (459 patients) tested anticonvulsants, an antidepressant, an opioid antagonist, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and acupuncture. Results suggested that all therapies had little to no effect on pain and other patient-important outcomes. Our certainty in the treatment estimates ranged from very low to low.

Conclusions—
Our findings are inconsistent with major clinical practice guidelines; the available evidence suggests no beneficial effects of any therapies that researchers have evaluated in randomized controlled trials.
Re-description of the slug-parasitic nematode Alloionema appendiculatum Schneider, 1859 (Rhabditida: Alloionematidae)
Authors: Nermuť Jiří , Půža Vladimír , Mráček Zdeněk 
Published: September 2015

Alloionema appendiculatumis a common juvenile parasite of many terrestrial molluscs. Its third-stage juveniles (dauers) invade the foot muscle of snails and slugs and develop into fourth-stage juveniles, which then leave the host. Later they mature and reproduce in the soil. A population ofA. appendiculatumwas isolated from infected individuals of the invasive slugArion vulgaris(= A. lusitanicus), collected in the city of České Budějovice, Czech Republic, and was designated as the AL strain. This nematode is also able to reproduce on pig kidney in laboratory culture. Our isolate was compared primarily with the description published by Mengert (1953) and in some aspects with the original description published by Schneider (1859). Insufficient morphology, morphometrics, phylogeny and an absence of pictorial material encouraged us to re-describe this frequent slug parasite and to add some new information on its life-cycle. The species is characterised by the absence, in adults, of ridges in the lateral fields. At this life stage the stoma is short, narrow and approximately twice as long as it is broad. Fourth-stage female juveniles produce a mucus-like substance from the phasmids. Males possess six pairs of papillae and a single inconspicuous papilla. The nematode has both parasitic and saprophytic life-cycles. Parasitic adults are bigger than the saprophytes and have a thick, digitate tail, whereas the smaller saprophytic generation has a filiform tail. The species is amphimictic, displaying a higher proportion of females, but males are frequent.
Nematode colonisation of artificial water-filled tree holes
Authors: Ptatscheck Christoph , Dümmer Birgit , Traunspurger Walter 
Published: September 2015

Nematodes inhabiting artificial water-filled tree holes were monitored over 16 months by placing 300 plastic cups in four forest areas. For the first time we investigated the importance of forest soils for nematode dispersal and colonisation of tree holes. On average, 91% of the cups were settled by a total of 35 species (maximum 58 336 individuals 100 cm−2). They were dominated by the bacterial feeder Dolichorhabditis dolichura (32.4%) and the hyphal feeders Laimaphelenchus penardi (23.6%) and Laimaphelenchus sp. (13.4%); 84.4% had lengths < 0.75 mm and in only 6% of the water-filled tree holes were male nematodes found. None of the most common species was detected in the soils of the sampling sites. However, a meta-community analysis revealed a random turnover. The properties of the identified nematodes (small body size, anhydrobiosis, parthenogenesis) made them highly amenable to dispersal by wind and account for their rapid colonisation of a wide range of habitats.
Vertical and temporal distribution of free-living nematodes dwelling in two sandy-bed streams fed by helocrene springs
Authors: Traunspurger Walter , Threis Ilka , Majdi Nabil 
Published: September 2015

We monitored for 1 year the sediment nematofauna of two headwater streams located near water resurgence from typical helocrene springs. Nematode community composition, benthic organic matter (BOM) and chlorophylla(BChl a) were assessed in two sediment layers (0-5 and 5-10 cm depth), providing insights into nematode vertical distribution. Globally, the density, diversity and functional richness of nematodes were lower in the upper sediments, although important amounts of BChl awere available there. The assemblages differed markedly between springs, with only 41 shared species from a total of 120 species, suggesting stochastic horizontal distribution even at small geographical scales (<5 km). Bacterial-feeding nematodes dominated in the upper sediments, whereas omnivorous, fungal- and plant-feeding nematodes thrived in the deeper sediments. Reproduction by the dominant algal-feeding species,Prodesmodora arctica, was detected in August. The substantial presence of juveniles throughout the year highlighted the importance of parthenogenetic reproduction.
Description of Atetylenchus minor n. sp. (Tylenchina: Tylenchidae) and data on two other species of the family
Authors: Yaghoubi Ali , Pourjam Ebrahim , Atighi Mohammad Reza , Pedram Majid 
Published: September 2015

Three species of the family Tylenchidae, including one new and two known species, are described and illustrated. Atetylenchus minor n. sp. is characterised by its short body length of 633 (558-691) μm, MB = 45 (41-46), lateral field with four crenate incisures, stylet 12.0 (11.5-12.5) μm long, without distinct basal knobs but with swollen arms of the shaft at its base, V = 56.3 (53.7-59.3), absence of lateral vulval membranes, and conical tail 57 (51-62) μm long with a rounded tip. Morphological differences of the new species with four known species of the genus, namely A. abulbosus, A. graminus, A. amiri and A. metaporus, are discussed. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the new species using 1089 bp partial sequences of 18S rDNA revealed that the new species formed a clade with an unpublished species assigned to Psilenchus in Bayesian inference (BI) with low Bayesian posterior probability (BPP). This clade forms a sister clade to a major clade containing two species of Psilenchus and several belonolaim species and genera. The same result was achieved using maximum likelihood (ML) analysis. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies were also performed on two other species, Malenchus labiatus and Neothada cancellata, using 28S rDNA D2-D3 sequences. In the inferred Bayesian tree, M. labiatus formed a clade with other species of Malenchus with 28S information with maximal support (1.00 BPP), while N. cancellata formed a clade with Boleodorinae, again with maximal (1.00) BPP.
Audio-Visual, Visuo-Tactile and Audio-Tactile Correspondences in Preschoolers
Authors: Nava Elena , Grassi Massimo , Turati Chiara 
Published: September 2015

Interest in crossmodal correspondences has recently seen a renaissance thanks to numerous studies in human adults. Yet, still very little is known about crossmodal correspondences in children, particularly in sensory pairings other than audition and vision. In the current study, we investigated whether 4–5-year-old children match auditory pitch to the spatial motion of visual objects (audio-visual condition). In addition, we investigated whether this correspondence extends to touch, i.e., whether children also match auditory pitch to the spatial motion of touch (audio-tactile condition) and the spatial motion of visual objects to touch (visuo-tactile condition). In two experiments, two different groups of children were asked to indicate which of two stimuli fitted best with a centrally located third stimulus (Experiment 1), or to report whether two presented stimuli fitted together well (Experiment 2). We found sensitivity to the congruency of all of the sensory pairings only in Experiment 2, suggesting that only under specific circumstances can these correspondences be observed. Our results suggest that pitch–height correspondences for audio-visual and audio-tactile combinations may still be weak in preschool children, and speculate that this could be due to immature linguistic and auditory cues that are still developing at age five.
Relationships between pediatric obesity and maternal emotional states and attitudes
Authors: Akay Aynur Pekcanlar , Ozturk Yesim , Avcil Sibel Nur , Kavurma Canem , Tufan Evren 
Published: September 2015

Objective The goal of this study was to investigate depression and anxiety levels of mothers whose child (7–11 years) and adolescent (12–18 years) offspring had obesity, as well as those mothers’ attitudes toward their children and their family relationships. Method This is a cross-sectional, case–control study of 100 dyads. All mothers completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Parental Attitude Research Instrument, and the Family Assessment Device. Results Maternal state anxiety in the group with obesity was significantly higher than controls ( p = 0.03). As measured by Family Assessment Device, affective involvement ( p = 0.05) and behavior control ( p = 0.00) scores were significantly higher for those with obesity. Obesity and adolescence have independent effects on maternal state anxiety; affective involvement domain of family function is affected by both obesity and its interaction with adolescence, while behavior control domain is singularly affected by obesity. Conclusions Our results may demonstrate that, for the mothers of children who have obesity, this condition may have an adverse effect on their lives and their family relationships. Pediatric obesity and developmental stage of offspring may have different effects on maternally reported psychometric variables. Cross-sectional design may hinder causal explanations. Further studies with longitudinal designs are needed.
The Prognostic Value of Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 Plasma Level in Children With Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Al-Biltagi Mohammed A. , Abo-Elezz Ahmed Ahmed Abd ElBasset , Abu-Ela Khaled Talaat , Suliman Ghada Abudelmomen , Sultan Tamer Gomaa Hassan 
Published: September 2015

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) measurement in plasma for the prediction of outcome of acute lung injury (ALI) in children that may allow early recognition of critical cases. Methods: The study was performed as a prospective, controlled cohort study involving 40 children with ALI and 30 healthy children. The plasma level of sICAM-1 was measured at days 1 and 3 of development of ALI for the patient group and measured only once for the control group. C-Reactive protein was measured in both groups on day 1 only. Results: There was significant increase in sICAM-1 in the patient group than in the control group ( P = .001*). The mortality rate reached 55% in children with ALI. The ceased group had significantly higher plasma sICAM-1 levels both at days 1 and 3 than the survived group ( P < .001*), and there was positive correlation between plasma sICAM-1 level and both duration of mechanical ventilation and the death rate, but more significant correlation was observed with plasma sICAM-1 levels at day 3 than day 1. Conclusion: Plasma sICAM-1 level served as a good predictor biomarker for both mechanical ventilation duration and the mortality risk in children with ALI.