bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variation in the polyamines of Ecklonia maxima
Authors: Papenfus Heino Benoni , Stirk Wendy Ann , Finnie Jeffery Franklin , Van Staden Johannes 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The seaweed concentrate (SWC) Kelpak® is made from Ecklonia maxima (Osbeck) Papenfuss and is used as a biostimulant in agriculture. Cytokinins and auxins have been identified in Kelpak® and are partly responsible for the growth-promoting effects observed. Other biologically active compounds such as polyamines (PAs) might also be present in the SWC. A study was carried out to investigate the PA levels in E. maxima and Kelpak®. The stipes, fronds, and SWC prepared from E. maxima were collected monthly over a 2-year period. Extracts were benzoylated, and endogenous PAs were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Putrescine concentrations ranged from 6.10 to 40.40 μg g-1 dry weight (dw), from 15.98 to 54.46 μg g-1 dw, and from 0.98 to 5.51 μg ml-1 in the stipe, fronds, and SWC, respectively. Spermine concentrations ranged from 1.02 to 35.44 μg g-1 dw, from 1.05 to 27.35 μg g-1 dw, and from 1.27 to 4.95 μg ml-1 in the stipe, fronds, and SWC, respectively. Spermidine concentrations fell below the detection threshold. This is the first report of PAs being detected in a SWC. The seasonal pattern established for the stipe, frond, and SWC followed the same trend over a biennial cycle, with PAs accumulating in the seaweed tissue during periods of active growth and during periods of rough wave action (stress response).
Effects of ocean acidification on different life-cycle stages of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea (Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Olischläger Mark , Bartsch Inka , Gutow Lars , Wiencke Christian 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Our objective for this study was to evaluate the influence of preindustrial and expected future atmospheric CO2 concentrations (280 μatm and 700 μatm pCO2, respectively) on different life-cycle stages of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea from Helgoland (Germany, North Sea). Zoospore germination, gametogenesis, vegetative growth, sorus formation and photosynthetic performance of vegetative and fertile tissue were examined. The contribution of external carbonic anhydrase (exCA) to C-supply for net-photosynthesis (net-PS) and the Chla- and phlorotannin content were investigated. Female gametogenesis and vegetative growth of sporophytes were significantly enhanced under the expected future pCO2. rETR(max) and net-PS of young vegetative sporophytes tended to increase performance at higher pCO2. The trend towards elevated net-PS vanished after inhibition of exCA. In vegetative sporophytes, phlorotannin content and Chla content were not significantly affected by pCO2.
Quality assurance and quality control in the routine molecular diagnostic laboratory for infectious diseases
Authors: Kessler Harald H. , Raggam Reinhard B. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Molecular diagnostics has become one of the dominant platforms in clinical laboratory medicine. Technological improvements, from automated sample preparation to real time amplification technology, provide the possibility to develop and run assays for a growing number of clinical questions. However, quality assurance and quality control issues have often remained underdeveloped but are still critical. To relate patient results to prior results or to absolute values in clinical practice guidelines, those results need to be comparable across time and methods. This may be achieved either by producing the identical value across methods and test versions or by using reliable and stable conversions. The establishment of international standards and reference materials is thus of paramount importance. This review focuses on general and specific issues relevant for quality assurance and quality control in the routine molecular diagnostics laboratory.
Measurement of factor XIII activity in plasma
Authors: Katona Éva , Pénzes Krisztina , Molnár Éva , Muszbek László 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) is converted by thrombin and Ca2+ into an active transglutaminase (FXIIIa) in the final phase of coagulation cascade. Its main function is the mechanical stabilization of fibrin clot and its protection from fibrinolysis by cross-linking of fibrin chains and α2-plasmin inhibitor to fibrin. In non-substituted patients FXIII deficiency is a severe hemorrhagic diathesis, not infrequently with fatal consequences. The main reason for using FXIII assays is the diagnosis of FXIII deficiency. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive critical evaluation of the methods reported for the determination of FXIII activity in the plasma. Such methods are based on two principles: 1) measurement of labeled amines incorporated by FXIIIa into a glutamine residue of a substrate protein, 2) monitoring ammonia released from a peptide bound glutamine residue by FXIIIa using NAD(P)H dependent glutamate dehydrogenase indicator reaction. The incorporation assays are sensitive, but cumbersome and time-consuming, they are difficult to standardize and cannot be automated. The ammonia release assays are less sensitive, but quick, well standardized, and can be automated; this type of assay is recommended for the screening of FXIII deficiency. The traditional clot solubility assay should not be used for this purpose.
Design and synthesis of heterocyclic enamine derivatives based on skeleton of neonicotinoids
Authors: Liu Chuanxiang , Yi Fengping , Zou Jianzhong 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Novel heterocyclic enamine derivatives based on skeleton of neonicotinoids were designed and prepared by the substitution reaction between heterocyclic enamines with intermediates of neonicotinoids, which provides readily accessible neonicotinoid analogs for potential bioactivity assay.
Palladium-catalyzed cascade reactions of benzyl halides with N,N-diallyl-p-toluenesulfonamide
Authors: Wang Liansheng , Pan Yi , Hu Hongwen 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Reaction of N,N-diallyl-p-toluenesulfonamide 1 with benzyl halides 2 in the presence of a palladium catalyst afforded a series of novel dihydropyrroles 3 in moderate yields. A palladium-catalyzed self-cyclization reaction of the diene 1 may take place to give a cyclic dihydropyrrole 4 during the reaction. It is proposed that the cyclic products 4 are formed via a palladium-catalyzed cascade cyclization-coupling process. Reaction of phenyl iodide 5 with 1 in the same condition afforded normal Heck vinylation products 6.
Fast and efficient microwave synthetic methods for some new 2(1H)-pyridone arabinosides
Authors: Abdou Ibrahim M. , Rateb Nora M. , Eldeab Hany A. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Two series of novel 3-cyano-2-(2′′,3′′,4′′-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-arabinopyranosyloxy)pyridones 5a–h and 9a,b were synthesized. Microwave irradiation has been used to obtain these products in high yield under milder conditions by the reaction of 2(1H)-pyridone or its salt with an activated arabinose. The silyl method was used to obtain the same nuclesides 5a–h and 9a,b. Triethylamine was used to remove the acetyl protecting groups from the sugar moiety and to produce the free nucleosides 6a–h and 10a,b in 85–91% yield.
Within-ring movement of free water in dehydrating Norway spruce sapwood visualized by neutron radiography
Authors: Rosner Sabine , Riegler Martin , Vontobel Peter , Mannes David , Lehmann Eberhard H. , Karlsson Bo , Hansmann Christian 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
This study is a first approach to visualize moisture distribution and movement between annual rings during sapwood drying by neutron imaging (NI). While Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] sapwood beams were allowed to dehydrate on a balance at ambient conditions, NI was performed in 1–10 min time steps. From NI raw files, radial dimensional changes were calculated during dehydration and transmission profiles were drawn for different relative moisture content (MC) steps from full saturation until equilibrium moisture content. The NI technique proved to be a useful tool to visualize the movement of free water within, and between, annual rings. Removal of free water in the middle part of the wood beam did not proceed continuously from the surface to the central part, but was strongly influenced by wood anatomy. Water is removed from earlywood during early stages of dehydration and later, at higher moisture loss (<50% MC), from the main latewood parts. It is therefore concluded that the radial dimensional changes measured at moderate moisture loss are not only caused by cell wall shrinkage of the outer wood parts located beneath the wood surface, but a result of elastic deformation of earlywood tracheids under the influence of negative hydrostatic pressures.
Necroptosis modulated by autophagy is a predominant form of melanoma cell death induced by sanguilutine
Authors: Hammerová Jindřiška , Uldrijan Stjepan , Táborská Eva , Vaculová Alena Hyršlová , Slaninová Iva 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We show that the plant quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid sanguilutine (SL) is a strong inducer of caspase-independent non-apoptotic death in human melanoma cells. Necrostatin-1, a specific inhibitor of necroptosis, completely reversed the cytotoxic effect of SL, suggesting that necroptosis was a predominant type of cell death induced by SL in these cells. In addition, we showed that SL can trigger an autophagic response, as confirmed by GFP-LC3 puncta formation and LC3-II accumulation. Interestingly, we observed a significant decrease in the viability of melanoma cells treated with combination of autophagy inhibitors (3-methyladenine, bafilomycin-A1 and LY294002) and SL. Our results further indicated that autophagy may serve as a pro-survival mechanism, delaying the induction of necroptosis in melanoma cells. The ability of SL to induce caspase-independent non-apoptotic cell death (necroptosis) suggests its possible therapeutic potential in the treatment of apoptosis-resistant melanoma tumours. Furthermore, SL might serve as a useful tool for studying the mechanisms of necroptosis and autophagy induction and the interplay between these two processes.
Biological and molecular analysis of the pathogenic variant C3 of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) evolved during adaptation to chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
Authors: Matoušek Jaroslav , Stehlík Jan , Procházková Jitka , Orctová Lidmila , Wullenweber Julia , Füssy Zoltan , Kováčik Josef , Duraisamy Ganesh S. , Ziegler Angelika , Schubert Jörg , Steger Gerhard 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Viroid-caused pathogenesis is a specific process dependent on viroid and host genotype(s), and may involve viroid-specific small RNAs (vsRNAs). We describe a new PSTVd variant C3, evolved through sequence adaptation to the host chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) after biolistic inoculation with PSTVd-KF440-2, which causes extraordinary strong (‘lethal’) symptoms. The deletion of a single adenine A in the oligoA stretch of the pathogenicity (P) domain appears characteristic of PSTVd-C3. The pathogenicity and the vsRNA pool of PSTVd-C3 were compared to those of lethal variant PSTVd-AS1, from which PSTVd-C3 differs by five mutations located in the P domain. Both lethal viroid variants showed higher stability and lower variation in analyzed vsRNA pools than the mild PSTVd-QFA. PSTVd-C3 and -AS1 caused similar symptoms on chamomile, tomato, and Nicotiana benthamiana, and exhibited similar but species-specific distributions of selected vsRNAs as quantified using TaqMan probes. Both lethal PSTVd variants block biosynthesis of lignin in roots of cultured chamomile and tomato. Four ‘expression markers’ (TCP3, CIPK, VSF-1, and VPE) were selected from a tomato EST library to quantify their expression upon viroid infection; these markers were strongly downregulated in tomato leaf blades infected by PSTVd-C3- and -AS1 but not by PSTVd-QFA.
Mitophagy: mechanisms, pathophysiological roles, and analysis
Authors: Ding Wen-Xing , Yin Xiao-Ming 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that regulate cellular energy homeostasis and cell death. The removal of damaged mitochondria through autophagy, a process called mitophagy, is thus critical for maintaining proper cellular functions. Indeed, mitophagy has been recently proposed to play critical roles in terminal differentiation of red blood cells, paternal mitochondrial degradation, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia or drug-induced tissue injury. Removal of damaged mitochondria through autophagy requires two steps: induction of general autophagy and priming of damaged mitochondria for selective autophagic recognition. Recent progress in mitophagy studies reveals that mitochondrial priming is mediated either by the Pink1-Parkin signaling pathway or the mitophagic receptors Nix and Bnip3. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the mechanisms of mitophagy. We also discuss the pathophysiological roles of mitophagy and current assays used to monitor mitophagy.
Methylation – an uncommon modification of glycans
Authors: Staudacher Erika 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A methyl (Me) group on a sugar residue is a rarely reported event. Until now, this type of modification has been found in the animal kingdom only in worms and molluscs, whereas it is more frequently present in some species of bacteria, fungi, algae and plants, but not in mammals. The monosaccharides involved as well as the positions of the Me groups on the sugar vary with species. Methylation appears to play a role in some recognition events, but details are still unknown. This review summarises the current knowledge on methylation of sugars in all types of organism.
Synthesis and biological actions of diphosphoinositol phosphates (inositol pyrophosphates), regulators of cell homeostasis
Authors: Wundenberg Torsten , Mayr Georg W. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Diphosphoinositol phosphates are a subclass of inositol phosphates possessing one or two high energy diphosphate groups instead of phosphoester substituents of the myo-inositol. Here we describe the enzymes responsible for their synthesis and degradation and how these may be regulated. Formation of diphosphoinositol phosphates in yeast and mammals is driven by an increase of the cellular energy charge, a lack of inorganic phosphate, and in mammals by osmotic or heat stress and in some cases by receptor mediated signaling. Known cellular actions are an improvement of the cell homeostasis by a reduction of the energy charge, increased phosphate uptake, improvement of mitochondrial performance, and an increase of insulin secretion in mammals. The underlying molecular mechanisms of action are far from being clarified but an increasing body of knowledge about molecular details has highlighted their complex participation in many cellular systems and metabolic processes.
Anticancer peptide NK-2 targets cell surface sulphated glycans rather than sialic acids
Authors: Gross Stephanie , Andrä Jörg 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Some antimicrobial peptides have emerged as potential anticancer agents. In contrast to chemotherapeutics, they act primarily by physical disruption of the cancer cell membrane. Selective targeting of these cationic peptides still remains elusive. We focus on the interaction of α-helical peptides NK-2, cathelicidin LL32, and melittin with PC-3 prostate cancer cells, and we provide strong evidence that, amongst the anionic glycans covering the cell surface, sulphated carbohydrates rather than sialic acids are the preferred interaction sites of the peptides. To test the significance of cell surface carbohydrates, a glycan microarray screen with fluorescently labelled peptides has been performed. Amongst 465 mammalian glycan structures on the chip, more than 20 different sulphated glycans were detected as the preferred binding partners of the peptide NK-2. The amount of peptide bound to sialic acid containing oligosaccharides was close to background level. These findings were consistent with microcalorimetric experiments revealing high and low binding enthalpies of peptides to sulphated carbohydrates and to sialic acid, respectively. Enzymatic desialylation of PC-3 cells did not affect peptide-mediated changes in cell metabolism, cell membrane permeabilisation, killing rate, and kinetics. Finally, the cytotoxicity of all peptides could be drastically impaired through the competitive inhibition by chondroitin sulphate, but not by sialic acid and sialylated fetuin.
Exportin T and Exportin 5: tRNA and miRNA biogenesis – and beyond
Authors: Leisegang Matthias S. , Martin Roman , Ramírez Ana S. , Bohnsack Markus T. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The biogenesis of most eukaryotic kinds of RNA requires nuclear export, which is mediated by a variety of specific nuclear transport receptors. The nuclear export receptors Exportin-t (Exp-t) and Exportin 5 (Exp5), and their homologues, are involved in the export of transfer RNA to the cytoplasm. Exp5 is further involved in additional nucleocytoplasmic transport pathways, which include nuclear export of microRNA precursors (pre-miRNAs) and pre-60S ribosomal subunits. Inactivation of Exp5 results in nuclear accumulation of pre-miRNAs and perturbation of gene expression, and its mutation was recently found in malignant diseases. Here, we compare the cellular function of Exp5 and Exp-t with focus on Exp5 substrates and its role in diseases.
Identifi cation of protease exosite-interacting peptides that enhance substrate cleavage kinetics
Authors: Jabaiah Abeer M. , Getz Jennifer A. , Witkowski Witold A. , Hardy Jeanne A. , Daugherty Patrick S. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Many peptidases are thought to require non-active site interaction surfaces, or exosites, to recognize and cleave physiological substrates with high specifi city and catalytic effi ciency. However, the existence and function of protease exosites remain obscure owing to a lack of effective methods to identify and characterize exosite-interacting substrates. To address this need, we modifi ed the cellular libraries of peptide substrates (CLiPS) methodology to enable the discovery of exosite-interacting peptide ligands. Invariant cleavage motifs recognized by the active sites of thrombin and caspase-7 were displayed on the outer surface of bacteria adjacent to a candidate exosite-interacting peptide. Exosite peptide libraries were then screened for ligands that accelerate cleavage of the active site recognition motif using two-color fl ow cytometry. Exosite CLiPS (eCLiPS) identifi ed exosite-binding peptides for thrombin that were highly similar to a critical exosite interaction motif in the thrombin substrate, proteaseactivated receptor 1. Protease activity probes incorporating exosite-binding peptides were cleaved ten-fold faster than substrates without exosite ligands, increasing their sensitivity to thrombin activity in vitro. For comparison, screening with caspase-7 yielded peptides that modestly enhanced (two-fold) substrate cleavage rates. The eCLiPS method provides a new tool to profi le the ligand specifi city of protease exosites and to develop improved substrates.
A sensitive gel-based global O-glycomics approach reveals high levels of mannosyl glycans in the high mass region of the mouse brain proteome
Authors: Breloy Isabelle , Pacharra Sandra , Aust Christina , Hanisch Franz-Georg 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We developed a gel-based global O-glycomics method applicable for highly complex protein mixtures entrapped in discontinuous gradient gel layers. The protocol is based on in-gel proteolysis with pronase followed by (glyco)peptide elution and off-gel reductive β-elimination. The protocol offers robust performance with sensitivity in the low picomolar range, is compatible with gel-based proteomics, and shows superior performance in global applications in comparison with workflows eliminating glycans in-gel or from electroblotted glycoproteins. By applying this method, we analyzed the O-glycome of human myoblasts and of the mouse brain O-glycoproteome. After semipreparative separation of mouse brain proteins by one-dimensional SDS gel electrophoresis, the O-glycans from proteins in different mass ranges were characterized with a focus on O-mannose-based glycans. The relative proportion of the latter, which generally represent a rare modification, increases to comparatively high levels in the mouse brain proteome in dependence of increasing protein masses.
Does docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status in pregnancy have any impact on postnatal growth? Six-year follow-up of a prospective randomized double-blind monocenter study on low-dose DHA supplements
Authors: Bergmann Renate L. , Bergmann Karl E. , Richter Rolf , Haschke-Becher Elisabeth , Henrich Wolfgang , Dudenhausen Joachim W. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Fetuses and breastfed children depend on the maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supply, which might have long-lasting consequences. We studied the growth of 6-year-old children whose mothers received supplemental DHA from midpregnancy to 3 months after delivery. One hundred and forty-four pregnant women had been randomized to receive one of three vitamin-mineral supplements, one supplying an additional 200 mg/day DHA. Of the original sample, 120 children were measured at age 6 years with standardized methods. As one objective of the follow-up was to investigate the DHA influence on normal growth, the DHA group was compared with the pooled controls after exclusion of five premature infants. The weight, length, body mass index (BMI), head circumference, and skin-fold thickness at 6 years were similar in the 41 children of the DHA group and the 74 controls. Longitudinally, the BMI z-scores of the DHA group increased up at a later age than that of the controls. We found a highly significant negative correlation between height at 6 years and the increase in red blood cell DHA concentration of mothers from 22 to 37 weeks of pregnancy. We conclude that DHA supplements during midpregnancy corrected a low maternal DHA status (which correlated with children’s height) and was favorable in regard to the BMI development up to 6 years.
The College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering: a 21st century paradigm for nanotechnology-enabled education, innovation, and economic development
Authors: Liehr Michael , Janack Stephen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis report summarizes the pioneering educational curricula, world-class technological capabilities, and unmatched economic impact of the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (CNSE) of the University at Albany-State University of New York. The combination of advanced 300-mm lithography, 3Di, and fully integrated processing capabilities, combined with a strong academic background in materials characterization and metrology, allows the NanoCollege to offer a unique test bed for advanced device and circuit concepts.
Near-field scanning optical microscopy nanoprobes
Authors: Fleischer Monika 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNear-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) is a powerful method for the optical imaging of surfaces with a resolution down to the nanometer scale. By focusing an external electromagnetic field to the subwavelength aperture or apex of a sharp tip, the diffraction limit is avoided and a near-field spot with a size on the order of the aperture or tip diameter can be created. This point light source is used for scanning a sample surface and recording the signal emitted from the small surface area that interacts with the near field of the probe. In tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, such a tip configuration can be used as well to record a full spectrum at each image point, from which chemically specific spectral images of the surface can be extracted. In either case, the contrast and resolution of the images depend critically on the properties of the NSOM probe used in the experiment. In this review, an overview of eligible tip properties and different approaches for tailoring specifically engineered NSOM probes is given from a fabrication point of view.