bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring illness beliefs about diabetes among individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lakshmi Rema , Ganesan Palanisamy , Mohan Anjana Ranjit , Balasubramanyam Muthuswamy , Mohan Viswanathan 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore illness beliefs among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), studied in a clinical setting in the Indian context. Diabetes management lies primarily in the hands of the patient, which signifies the need for understanding the various dimensions of individuals’ illness beliefs. While past research from abroad has stressed the need for understanding the patient’s perspective in effective illness management, the lack of studies in the Indian context calls for further research in this area.

Design/methodology/approach
– Drawing on the Self-Regulation Model (Leventhal et al., 1980), semi-structured interviews were carried out to understand the beliefs about diabetes among individuals diagnosed to have T2DM. In total, 70 individuals with T2DM were included, taking into account the disease duration, urban-rural, age and gender distinctions. The data were analyzed using content analysis method.

Findings
– The results of the analysis revealed numerous sub-themes related to the perceived consequences of diabetes, control or cure issues, timeline and emotional issues as experienced by the subjects.

Research limitations/implications
– Carrying out a triangulated research with the various stakeholders, namely, diabetologists, general practitioners and other support staff like dieticians could add more value to this exploratory study.

Originality/value
– There is a dearth of research work that explores the illness beliefs that patients’ hold about diabetes, as discussed in the Indian context. It is expected that the insight provided by the study can help the government bodies, healthcare organizations and practitioners design and develop interventions from a patient-centric view. Additionally, such a patient-centric approach will enable individuals to achieve their treatment goals.
Root responses of grassland species to spatial heterogeneity of plant–soil feedback
Authors: Hendriks Marloes , Visser Eric J. W. , Visschers Isabella G. S. , Aarts Bart H. J. , de Caluwe Hannie , Smit‐Tiekstra Annemiek E. , van der Putten Wim H. , de Kroon Hans , Mommer Liesje 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Plant roots selectively forage for soil nutrients when these are heterogeneously distributed. In turn, effects of plant roots on biotic and abiotic conditions in the soil, which result in so‐called plant–soil feedback can be heterogeneously distributed as well, but it is unknown how this heterogeneity affects root distribution, nutrient uptake and plant biomass production. Here, we investigate plant root distribution patterns as influenced by spatial heterogeneity of plant–soil feedback in soil and quantify consequences for plant nitrogen uptake and biomass production.

We conditioned soils by four grassland plant species to obtain ‘own’ and ‘foreign’ soils that differed in biotic conditions similar as is done by the first phase of plant–soil feedback experiments. We used these conditioned soils to create heterogeneous (one patch of own and three patches of foreign soils) or homogeneous substrates where own and foreign soils were mixed. We also included sterilized soil to study the effect of excluding soil biota, such as pathogens, symbionts and decomposers. We supplied 15N as tracer to measure nutrient uptake.

In nonsterile conditions, most plant species produced more biomass in heterogeneous than in homogeneous soil. Root biomass and 15N uptake rates were higher in foreign than own soil patches. These differences between heterogeneous and homogeneous soil disappeared when soil was sterilized, suggesting that the effects in nonsterilized soils were due to species‐specific soil biota that had responded to soil conditioning.

We conclude that plants produce more biomass when own and foreign soils are patchily distributed than when mixed. We show that this enhanced productivity is due to nutrient uptake being overall most efficient when own and foreign soils are spatially separated. We propose that spatial heterogeneity of negative plant–soil feedback in species diverse plant communities may provide a better explanation of overyielding than assuming that plant–soil feedback effects are diluted.
No energetic benefits from sociality in tropical hibernation
Authors: Dausmann Kathrin H. , Glos Julian 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Mammals generally profit from social thermoregulation, and the primary benefit of sociality during hibernation is thought to be the reduction of metabolic demands during periodic arousals. It has even been postulated that the energetic advantages during hibernation might have been the driver for the evolution of sociality in some mammal species.

As the necessity to show arousals and the concurring energetic costs depend on the temperature regime in the hibernacula, we tested whether this is also a plausible scenario in tropical hibernators such as the Malagasy lemur Cheirogaleus medius, with comparatively high and often fluctuating temperature regimes in their hibernacula.

To this end, we studied group composition and energy budgets (skin temperature patterns, metabolic rate) over three hibernation and activity seasons in a total of 53 free‐ranging C. medius.

Our results show that C. medius mostly occupied tree hollows solitarily during hibernation, contrary to the active season, and that the energetic savings were comparable for individuals hibernating socially in groups or solitarily (both about 74% compared to the resting metabolic rate of the active season). However, in larger groups, hibernation patterns were less regular and synchronized and individual torpor–arousal cycles were more frequently interrupted by euthermic group members than in individuals hibernating solitarily or in pairs.

We conclude that sociality during hibernation is not necessarily driven by energetic demands and might even be energetically disadvantageous in tropical species (at least in larger groups). Other factors, like social coherence or ecological and behavioural constraints, may be of greater influence for the evolution of sociality under tropical conditions.
Public opinion and government policy inBritain: A case of congruence, amplification or dampening?
Authors: Warwick Paul V. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article examines postwar government policy inBritain, as reflected in annual budget speeches. Like previous research, it aims to content‐analyse these speeches to derive estimates of actual, as opposed to intended, government policy stances. Unlike previous research, it also aims to capture and measure the gap between intentions (as represented in electoral manifestos) and actual policy. This gap cannot be assessed from the final output of the Wordscores content analysis programme (in either the original version or theMartin‐Vanberg variation), but it can be teased out of the raw output. This teasing‐out process reveals the gap to be very small: there is no evidence thatBritish governments either moderate or amplify their left‐right stances when in office. This new measurement of government position is then used to cast further light on policy representation inBritain. The findings show that policy positions respond significantly to changes in public opinion as well as to electoral turnover, but do not exhibit or even approach the ideological congruence anticipated by the ‘median mandate’ interpretation of representative democracy.
Broad ligament hernia successfully treated by laparoscopy: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Matsunami Masatoshi , Kusanagi Hiroshi , Hayashi Ken , Yamada Shigetoshi , Kano Nobuyasu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report a case of a 36‐year‐old woman with a history of caesarean section who presented with small bowel obstruction. Abdominal multi‐detector CT showed discontinuity of the small bowel near the broad ligament on the left. We made a provisional diagnosis of an internal hernia through a defect in the broad ligament and performed laparoscopic exploration, which revealed a viable ileal loop incarcerated by the broad ligament. Multi‐detector CT may be useful for diagnosing this type of defect preoperatively, whereby open surgery can be avoided.
Late‐type port‐site recurrence of unexpected gallbladder carcinoma 11 years after laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Tsujita Eiji , Ikeda Yasuharu , Kinjo Nao , Uezu Ippei , Matsuyama Junko , Kawano Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Shohei , Egashira Akinori , Minami Kazuhito , Yamamoto Manabu , Kumagai Reiko , Taguchi Kenichi , Morita Masaru , Toh Yasushi , Okamura Takeshi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA 55‐year‐old man had laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis and unexpected gallbladder cancer, followed by a liver bed resection and lymph node dissection. Eleven years later, he had a port‐site recurrence of gallbladder cancer requiring resection; at that time, no other site of recurrence was observed. The patient has survived for 20 months without another recurrence. Although a rare finding, clinicians should be alert to the possibility of such a recurrence even 11 years after complete cure of the primary tumor, particularly in patients who have undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy for unexpected gallbladder cancer.
Depressed resilience of bluefin tuna in the western atlantic and age truncation
Authors: Secor D. H. , Rooker J. R. , Gahagan B. I. , Siskey M. R. , Wingate R. W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFollowing intense overfishing in the 1970s, the western stock of Atlantic bluefin tuna(Thunnus thynnus)experienced a long period of depressed abundance, which has been attributed to failure of the population to periodically produce large numbers of juveniles, the western stock mixing with the more highly exploited eastern stock (fisheries in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea), and regime shift in the population's ecosystem resulting in lower replacement rates. To evaluate the presence of relatively strong years of juvenile production, we analyzed age structure from a recent sample of otoliths (ear stones) collected from the western stock (2011–2013, North Carolina, U.S.A., winter fishery). Mixing levels for the recent sample were analyzed using otolith stable isotopes to test whether age structure might be biased through immigration of eastern stock bluefin tuna. Age structure from historical samples collected from United States and Canadian fisheries (1975–1981) was compared with more recent samples (1996–2007) to examine whether demographic changes had occurred to the western stock that might have disrupted juvenile production. Relatively high juvenile production occurred in 2003, 2005, and 2006. Otolith stable isotope analysis showed that these recruitments were mostly of western stock origin. However, these high recruitments were >2‐fold less than historical recruitment. We found substantial age truncation in the sampled fisheries. Half the historical sample was >20 years old (mean age = 20.1 [SD 3.7]; skewness = −0.3), whereas <5% of the recent sample was >20 years old (mean age = 13.4 [SD 3.8]; skewness = 1.3). Loss of age structure is consistent with changes in fishing selectivity and trends in the stock assessment used for management. We propose that fishing, as a forcing variable, brought about a threshold shift in the western stock toward lower biomass and production, a shift that emulates the regime shift hypothesis. An abbreviated reproductive life span compromised resilience by reducing the period over which adults spawn and thereby curtailing the stock's ability to sample year‐to‐year variability in conditions that favor offspring survival (i.e., storage effect). Because recruitment dynamics by the western stock exhibit threshold dynamics, returning it to a higher production state will entail greater reductions in exploitation rates.
Effects of near‐future ocean acidification, fishing, and marine protection on a temperate coastal ecosystem
Authors: Cornwall Christopher E. , Eddy Tyler D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractUnderstanding ecosystem responses to global and local anthropogenic impacts is paramount to predicting future ecosystem states. We used an ecosystem modeling approach to investigate the independent and cumulative effects of fishing, marine protection, and ocean acidification on a coastal ecosystem. To quantify the effects of ocean acidification at the ecosystem level, we used information from the peer‐reviewed literature on the effects of ocean acidification. Using an Ecopath with Ecosim ecosystem model for the Wellington south coast, including the Taputeranga Marine Reserve (MR), New Zealand, we predicted ecosystem responses under 4 scenarios: ocean acidification + fishing; ocean acidification + MR (no fishing); no ocean acidification + fishing; no ocean acidification + MR for the year 2050. Fishing had a larger effect on trophic group biomasses and trophic structure than ocean acidification, whereas the effects of ocean acidification were only large in the absence of fishing. Mortality by fishing had large, negative effects on trophic group biomasses. These effects were similar regardless of the presence of ocean acidification. Ocean acidification was predicted to indirectly benefit certain species in the MR scenario. This was because lobster (Jasus edwardsii) only recovered to 58% of the MR biomass in the ocean acidification + MR scenario, a situation that benefited the trophic groups lobsters prey on. Most trophic groups responded antagonistically to the interactive effects of ocean acidification and marine protection (46%; reduced response); however, many groups responded synergistically (33%; amplified response). Conservation and fisheries management strategies need to account for the reduced recovery potential of some exploited species under ocean acidification, nonadditive interactions of multiple factors, and indirect responses of species to ocean acidification caused by declines in calcareous predators.
An evaluation of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in critical care using the ICF framework: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Burke Dearbhla , Gorman Emma , Stokes Diarmaid , Lennon Olive 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo review, in conformance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, the totality of evidence for the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in the critical care setting, when compared with usual care, under all domains of the World Health Organisation, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework.Data SourceSix electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, Web of Knowledge, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, The Cochrane Library and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) (1945–2014). Limits of the English language and human studies were applied.Study SelectionTrials investigating the effect of NMES in critical care adult patients were included. One reviewer excluded articles by title. Two reviewers excluded remaining articles by abstract and full text. One reviewer extracted data under a standardised form. Two reviewers assessed methodological quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.ResultsTwelve full‐text articles, eleven randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and one case‐control trial indicated the potential of NMES to preserve muscle mass and joint range of motion, improve outcomes of ventilation, and reduce activity limitations. Meta‐analysis from three RCTs supported NMES to preserve muscle strength using a fixed‐effects model [n = 146; standardised mean difference 0.93 (0.51, 1.35) P = 0.0002]; however, significant heterogeneity was recorded. No outcomes evaluated the effect on participation restrictions.ConclusionNMES, as an adjunct to current rehabilitation practices in critically ill patients, may maintain muscle strength. However, high‐quality studies with longer follow‐up periods and standardised outcome measures across all domains of the ICF framework are required.
Long‐term clinical and radiographic follow up of subluxated and intruded maxillary primary anterior teeth
Authors: Qassem Aya , Martins Nathália da Motta , da Costa Vanessa Polina Pereira , Torriani Dione Dias , Pappen Fernanda Geraldo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to determine the kinds of sequelae resulting from intrusive luxation and subluxative injuries in primary anterior teeth as well as the timing of such sequelae.Materials and methodsIn this longitudinal retrospective study, data were collected from dental records and radiographs of patients with traumatic dental injury (TDI) treated at the Centre for the Study and Treatment of Dental Trauma in Primary Dentition (Pelotas, RS, Brazil). Fifty‐two children, with seventy intruded teeth, and 76 children, with 99 subluxated teeth, met the inclusion criteria. Sequelae, such as crown discoloration, fistula, pulp canal obliteration (PCO), inflammatory root resorption (IRR), and internal root resorption, were investigated. The data on the sequelae were distributed into eight follow‐up periods: 0–30 days, 31–90 days, 91–180 days, 181–365 days, 1–2 years, 2–3 years, 3–4 years, and >4 years.ResultsThe sample comprised 99 subluxation cases and 70 intruded teeth. Crown discoloration was the most prevalent sequelae. Among the subluxated teeth, <50% of IRR, fistula, crown discoloration, and PCO occurred within 180 days after TDI; however, the sequelae were also diagnosed after longer periods. Majority of sequelae of intrusion were diagnosed within the 181–365 days and 1–2 years periods but were also observed after more than 4 years of follow up.ConclusionsFor both intrusion and subluxation, trauma sequelae were diagnosed even after the 3–4 years of follow‐up.
Establishment of a proteome profile and identification of molecular markers for mouse spermatogonial stem cells
Authors: Zhou Quan , Guo Yueshuai , Zheng Bo , Shao Binbin , Jiang Min , Wang Gaigai , Zhou Tao , Wang Lei , Zhou Zuomin , Guo Xuejiang , Huang Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSpermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are undifferentiated cells that are required to maintain spermatogenesis throughout the reproductive life of mammals. Although SSC transplantation and culture provide a powerful tool to identify the mechanisms regulating SSC function, the precise signalling mechanisms governing SSC self‐renewal and specific surface markers for purifying SSCs remain to be clearly determined. In the present study, we established a steady SSC culture according to the method described by Shinohara's lab. Fertile progeny was produced after transplantation of cultured SSCs into infertile mouse testis, and the red fluorescence exhibited by the culture cell membranes was stably and continuously transmitted to the offspring. Next, via advanced mass spectrometry and an optimized proteomics platform, we constructed the proteome profile, with 682 proteins expressed in SSCs. Furthermore bioinformatics analysis showed that the list contained several known molecules that are regulated in SSCs. Several nucleoproteins and membrane proteins were chosen for further exploration using immunofluorescence and RT‐PCR. The results showed that SALL1, EZH2, and RCOR2 are possibly involved in the self‐renewal mechanism of SSCs. Furthermore, the results of tissue‐specific expression analysis showed that Gpat2 and Pld6 were uniquely and highly expressed in mouse testes and cultured SSCs. The cellular localization of PLD6 was further explored and the results showed it was primarily expressed in the spermatogonial membrane of mouse testes and cultured SSCs. The proteins identified in this study form the basis for further exploring the molecular mechanism of self‐renewal in SSCs and for identifying specific surface markers of SSCs.
A novel synthetic small molecule YH‐306 suppresses colorectal tumour growth and metastasis via FAK pathway
Authors: Dai Fujun , Chen Yihua , Huang Li , Wang Jinhua , Zhang Tao , Li Jingjie , Tong Weiguang , Liu Mingyao , Yi Zhengfang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCell migration and invasion are key processes in the metastasis of cancer, and suppression of these steps is a promising strategy for cancer therapeutics. The aim of this study was to explore small molecules for treating colorectal cancer (CRC) and to investigate their anti‐metastatic mechanisms. In this study, six CRC cell lines were used. We showed that YH‐306 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of CRC cells in a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, YH‐306 inhibited cell adhesion and protrusion formation of HCT116 and HT‐29 CRC cells. Moreover, YH‐306 potently suppressed uninhibited proliferation in all six CRC cell lines tested and induced cell apoptosis in four cell lines. Furthermore, YH‐306 inhibited CRC colonization in vitro and suppressed CRC growth in a xenograft mouse model, as well as hepatic/pulmonary metastasis in vivo. YH‐306 suppressed the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), c‐Src, paxillin, and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinases (PI3K), Rac1 and the expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMP) 2 and MMP9. Meanwhile, YH‐306 also inhibited actin‐related protein (Arp2/3) complex‐mediated actin polymerization. Taken together, YH‐306 is a candidate drug in preventing growth and metastasis of CRC by modulating FAK signalling pathway.
Assessment of self‐reported sleep disturbance and psychological status in patients with burning mouth syndrome
Authors: Lopez‐Jornet P. , Lucero‐Berdugo M. , Castillo‐Felipe C. , Zamora Lavella C. , Ferrandez‐Pujante A. , Pons‐Fuster A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the quality of sleep of patients with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) compared with a control group.MethodsA total of 70 patients with primary BMS and 70 control subjects were enrolled in the study. The severity of pain was evaluated with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Four validated questionnaires were used to investigate the psychological profile of each patient: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (EES).ResultsPoor sleep quality was present in 67.1% patients with BMS vs. 17.1% in control subjects (P ≤ 0.001). For patients with BMS, total data resulting from the PSQI correlated with results obtained by the EES (P ≤ 0.001), VAS pain (P ≤ 0.001), localization (P = 0.01), HAD‐A (P = 0.001) and HAD‐D (P = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that an increase of one point in each depression score (HAD‐D) made the chances of PSQI 1.26 times more likely, with a 95% confidence interval (CI = 1.03–1.55).ConclusionsPatients with primary BMS exhibited significant decreases in sleep quality compared with the control group.