bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Domestic Animals After Endotoxin Administration a Review
Authors: Danek Janusz , Żurek Urszula 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides are complex glycolipids composed of lipid A, a core polysaccharide, and repeating units of O-specific polysaccharides. Lipid A is associated with the majority of toxic effects of gram-negative bacteria. It interacts with target cells, such as macrophages and activated neutrophils, initiating the inflammatory cascade. The effects of LPS depend mostly on organism reaction to endotoxins, their concentration in blood and also on the state of the animal before the occurrence of endotoxemia. The effect of endotoxin on the reproductive functions of domestic animals has been partly elucidated. This paper presents data on clinical, hematological and biochemical changes in endotoxemia as well as effects of injection of endotoxin in the reproductive systems in boars, rams, and stallions. The results show that these males respond to endotoxins in a similar way, concerning clinical symptoms, body temperature and leukocyte count in blood. Endocrine and seminal changes are different and the range of these changes also depends on the dose and endotoxin exposure time.
Atmospheric Circulation Influence on the Winter Thermal Conditions in Poland in 2021-2050 Based on the RACMO2 Model
Authors: Jędruszkiewicz Joanna , Piotrowski Piotr 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Thermal conditions are largely determined by atmospheric circulation. Therefore, projection of future temperature changes should be considered in relation to changes in circulation patterns. This paper assess to what extent changes in circulation correspond to spatial variability of the winter temperature increase in Poland in 2021-2050 period based on the RACMO2 model. The daily data of the mean temperature and sea level pressure (SLP) from selected regional climate model and observations were used. SLP data were used to determine the advection types and circulation character. Firstly, changes in frequency of circulation types between 2021-2050 and 1971-2000 periods were examined. Then changes in air temperature for specific circulation type in relation to reference period were studied. Finally, the influence of atmospheric circulation on spatial temperature variation was discussed. Considerably high increase in cyclonic situation of more than 18%, especially from the west and south-west direction, and decrease in anticyclonic situation mainly from the west and northwest in winter was noticed. Changes in frequency of circulation types result in temperature growth. For some types it is predicted that warming can reach even 3-4°C. The cyclonic (Ec, SEc, Sc) and anticylonic (SEa, Sa, Ea) types are likely to foster the highest warming in the scenario period.
The Use of 3D Graphic Modelling in Geoarchaeological Investigations (Bykowszczyzna Archaeological Site near Kock, E Poland)
Authors: Łojek Jacek 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The objective of this paper was to use the ArcView 3.2 application for spatial modelling of the exploration forms (pits) in the Bykowszczyzna 8 archaeological site. The 3D digital documentation at a specific scale makes possible easy archiving, presentation, and simple spatial analyses of the examined objects. The ArcView 3.2 programme and its extensions (Spatial Analyst and 3D Analyst), commonly used as analytical tools in geomorphology, were inventively used for inventory-making in the archaeological site. Traditional field sketches were only a base, which enables entering data into the programme, and don’t documentation material in itself as it used to be. The method of data visual ization proposed by the author gives new possibilities for using the GIS platform software.
Geochemical Methods of Inference the Thermoregulatory Strategies in Middle Triassic Marine Reptiles – A Pilot Study
Authors: Surmik Dawid , Pelc Andrzej 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The oxygen stable isotopes investigation to elucidate thermoregulatory strategies in Middle Triassic basal sauropterygians is currently ongoing at University of Silesia and University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska. The results of similar studies on Late Mesozoic marine reptiles indicate that some of fully aquatic reptiles like plesiosaurs or ichthyosaurs could be warm-blooded animals.
Our investigation is an important part of the aim of the research project "The Marine and Terrestrial reptiles in the Middle Triassic environmental background of Southern Poland" to solve the thermoregulation issue in basal marine reptiles and show how, and when did homoiothermy evolve in Sauropterygia..
Homeothermy and gigantothermy were important physiological adaptations which allowed sauropterygian ancestors to leave the shores and conquer the open seas and oceans.
Artificial General Intelligence: Concept, State of the Art, and Future Prospects
Authors: Goertzel Ben 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In recent years broad community of researchers has emerged, focusing on the original ambitious goals of the AI field - the creation and study of software or hardware systems with general intelligence comparable to, and ultimately perhaps greater than, that of human beings. This paper surveys this diverse community and its progress. Approaches to defining the concept of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) are reviewed including mathematical formalisms, engineering, and biology inspired perspectives. The spectrum of designs for AGI systems includes systems with symbolic, emergentist, hybrid and universalist characteristics. Metrics for general intelligence are evaluated, with a conclusion that, although metrics for assessing the achievement of human-level AGI may be relatively straightforward (e.g. the Turing Test, or a robot that can graduate from elementary school or university), metrics for assessing partial progress remain more controversial and problematic.
Improved Real-time Denoising Method Based on Lifting Wavelet Transform
Authors: Liu Zhaohua , Mi Yang , Mao Yuliang 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Signal denoising can not only enhance the signal to noise ratio (SNR) but also reduce the effect of noise. In order to satisfy the requirements of real-time signal denoising, an improved semisoft shrinkage real-time denoising method based on lifting wavelet transform was proposed. The moving data window technology realizes the real-time wavelet denoising, which employs wavelet transform based on lifting scheme to reduce computational complexity. Also hyperbolic threshold function and recursive threshold computing can ensure the dynamic characteristics of the system, in addition, it can improve the real-time calculating efficiency as well. The simulation results show that the semisoft shrinkage real-time denoising method has quite a good performance in comparison to the traditional methods, namely soft-thresholding and hard-thresholding. Therefore, this method can solve more practical engineering problems.
Methods for Determination of Mean Speckle Size in Simulated Speckle Pattern
Authors: Hamarová I. , Šmíd P. , Horváth P. , Hrabovský M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This paper deals with computation of mean speckle size in a speckle pattern generated through a numerical simulation of speckle after reflection of a Gaussian beam off a rough object’s surface. Within this simulation various speckle patterns are obtained by means of change in a parameter of the Gaussian beam. The mean speckle size is computed through two approaches using both the two-dimensional and the one-dimensional normalized autocorrelation function in intensity. Additionally, we propose a distinct optimization of the determination of the mean speckle size by reduction of intensity values representing detected speckle patterns. Results of the determination of the mean speckle size are compared with theoretical predictions
New Species of the Genus Altensteinia (Orchidaceae, Spiranthoideae) from Colombia
Authors: Nowak Sławomir , Szlachetko Dariusz L. , Mytnik-Ejsmont Joanna 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A new species of Altensteinia Kunth, probably endemic to the Colombian Andes, is described, illustrated and discussed, with notes on its habitat and altitude. A dichotomous key for determination of Altensteinia species in Colombia is provided
Application of the generalized Prony spectrum for extraction of information hidden in chaotic trajectories of triple pendulum
Authors: Nigmatullin Raoul , Osokin Sergey , Awrejcewicz Jan , Kudra Grzegorz 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper we apply a new method of analysis of random behavior of chaotic systems based on the Prony decomposition. The generalized Prony spectrum (GPS) is used for quantitative description of a wide class of random functions when information about their probability distribution function is absent. The scaling properties of the random functions that keep their invariant properties on some range of scales help to fit the compressed function based on the Prony’s decomposition. In paper [1] the first author (RRN) found the physical interpretation of this decomposition that includes the conventional Fourier decomposition as a partial case. It has been proved also that the GPS can be used for detection of quasi-periodic processes that are appeared usually in the repeated or similar measurements. A triple physical pendulum is used as a chaotic system to obtain a chaotic behavior of displacement angles with one, two and three positive Lyapunov’s exponents (LEs). The chaotic behavior of these angles can be expressed in the form of amplitude-frequency response (AFR) that is extracted from the corresponding GPS and can serve as a specific ”fingerprint” characterizing the random behavior of the triple-pendulum system studied. This new quantitative presentation of random data opens additional possibilities in classification of chaotic responses and random behaviors of different complex systems.
Isotope analyses of the lake sediments in the Plitvice Lakes, Croatia
Authors: Horvatinčić Nada , Sironić Andreja , Barešić Jadranka , Bronić Ines , Nikolov Jovana , Todorović Nataša , Hansman Jan , Krmar Miodrag 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The analyses of radioactive isotopes 14C, 137Cs and 210Pb, and stable isotope 13C were performed in the sediment cores, top 40 cm, taken in 2011 from karst lakes Prošće and Kozjak in the Plitvice Lakes National Park, central Croatia. Frozen sediment cores were cut into 1 cm thick layers and dried. 14C activity in both carbonate and organic fractions was measured using accelerator mass spectrometry technique with graphite synthesis. 137Cs, 210Pb, 214Pb and 214Bi were measured by low level gamma spectrometry method on ORTECHPGe detector with the efficiency of 32%.
Distribution of 14C activity from both lakes showed increase of the 14C activity in the top 10–12 cm in both carbonate and organic fractions as a response to thermonuclear bomb-produced 14C in the atmosphere in the sixties of the 20th century. Anthropogenically produced 137Cs was also observed in sediment profiles. Sedimentation rates for both lake sediments were estimated based on the unsupported 210Pb activity.
Different 14C activity of the carbonate fraction (63–80 pMC, percent of modern carbon) and organic fraction (82–93 pMC) is the result of geochemical and biological processes of the sediment precipitation in the lake waters. This is also confirmed by the δ
13
C values of both fractions. Carbon isotope composition, a
14
C and δ
13
C, was compared with the lake sediments from the same lakes collected in 1989 and 2003.
Two-phase fed-batch modification for 48 hour peak expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in Pichia pastoris shake flask system
Authors: Tam Yew , Zeenathul Nazariah , Morvarid Akhavan , Azmi Mohd , Bahaman Abdul , Lo Sewn , Tan Joo 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A study of the Mut+ phenotype for the expression of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Pichia pastoris strain GS115 using the pPIC3.5K vector with a two-phase fed-batch protocol in a shake flask system is described. Expression levels of HBsAg protein of 6.74 g L−1 Dry Cell Weight (DCW) and 26.07 mg L−1 of HBsAg concentration were achieved 48 h from the induction point which added to a 120 h reduction in production period in comparison with MutS expression (168 h). The use of the pPIC3.5K-HBsAg plasmid in the Mut+ phenotype enhanced the expression of HBsAg by a nearly 13 times higher volumetric productivity in the first 24 h and 35 times higher at peak production concentration. Comparison of AOX expression cassettes relative to the HBsAg gene in the role of mRNA secondary structure during translation initiation revealed that HBsAg possesses lower folding stability with AOX1 Mut+ phenotype. The results from this study demonstrated that expression of HBsAg with Mut+
AOX1 promoter is adequate as an alternative for the production of HBsAg. In addition, the AOX promoter of the Mut+ phenotype was observed to be better suited for HBsAg expression, which correlates with the ease of translation initiation under shake flask conditions.
The expression of the Candida albicans gene SAP4 during hyphal formation in human serum and in adhesion to monolayer cell culture of colorectal carcinoma Caco-2 (ATCC)
Authors: Staniszewska Monika , Bondaryk Małgorzata , Malewski Tadeusz , Schaller Martin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Candida albicans SAP4 gene encodes secretory aspartyl protease Sap4 which is involved in hyphae formation and virulence. Transcriptional factors Cph1 and Efg1 govern the expression of several C. albicans genes and contribute to morphogenesis. We investigated the expression of SAP4 in C. albicans clinical isolate and mutants lacking Efg1 or/ and Cph1 grown in human serum and during contact with Caco-2 cell line. mRNA was analyzed with the use of RT-PCR; relative quantification was normalized against an ACT1 in cells after 18-h growth either in serum or on monolayer as well as in their counterparts in YEPD medium. We assessed the role of Sap4, Efg1 and Cph1 in adhesion of C. albicans to epithelial cells. Additionally, adherence assay was performed with sap4/sap4. Adhesion was expressed as a percent of adherent cells to monolayer at 90 min vs. total cells added (100%). No differences were observed in adhesion of efg1/efg1 and sap4/sap4 compared with SC5314 (P≥0.05 statisitically insignificant). SAP4 expression indicated that it is not involved in adapting to the tested conditions. SAP4 expression can be strainspecific and is not solely controlled by the Efg1 pathway but also by the Cph1 pathway. Neither Efg1 nor Sap4 can influence adhesion.
Effect of altered snow conditions on decomposition in three subalpine plant communities
Authors: Zeidler Miroslav , Duchoslav Martin , Banaš Marek 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Snow cover and its spatio-temporal changes play a crucial role in the ecological functioning of mountains. Some human activities affecting snow properties may cause shifts in the biotic components of ecosystems, including decomposition. However, these activities remain poorly understood in subalpine environments. We explored the effect of human-modified snow conditions on cellulose decomposition in three vegetation types. Snow density, soil temperature, and the decomposition of cellulose were studied in Athyrium, Calamagrostis, and Vaccinium vegetation types, comparing stands intersected by groomed ski slope and natural (outside the ski slope) stands. Increased snow density caused the deterioration of snow insulation and decreased the soil temperature inside the ski slope only slightly in comparison with that outside the ski slope in all vegetation types studied. The decomposition was apparently lower in Athyrium vegetation relative to the other vegetation types and strongly (Athyrium vegetation) to weakly lower (other vegetation types) in groomed than in ungroomed stands. Wintertime, including the melting period, was decisive for overall decomposition. Our results suggest that differences in decomposition are influenced by ski slope operations and vegetation type. Alterations in snow conditions appeared to be subtle and long-term but with important consequences for conservation management.
DC Resistivity Studies of Shallow Geology in the Vicinity of Vistula River Flood Bank in Czernichów Village (Near Kraków in Poland)
Authors: Mościcki Włodzimierz Jerzy , Bania Grzegorz , Ćwiklik Michał , Borecka Aleksandra 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
DC resistivity methods, soundings and Electrical Resistivity Tomography, were applied to study shallow geology in the place of planned construction of an experimental flood bank. The geoelectrical surveys provided quantitative information about the spatial presence of the various geoelectrical/geological layers: alluvial soils, sands, gravels and clays. ERT allowed maps to be constructed showing subsurface structure. A combination of geoelectrical and geological information resulted in a much better identification of the geological structure.
Conditional simulation of Thwaites Glacier (Antarctica) bed topography for flow models: Incorporating inhomogeneous statistics and channelized morphology
Authors: Goff John A. , Powell Evelyn M. , Young Duncan A. , Blankenship Donald D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThwaites Glacier, Antarctica, is experiencing rapid change and its mass could, if disgorged into the ocean, lead to ∼1 m of global sea-level rise. Efforts to model flow for Thwaites Glacier are strongly dependent on an accurate model of bed topography. Airborne radar data collected in 2004/05 provide 35 000 line km of bed topography measurements sampled every 20 m along track. At ∼15 km track spacing, this extensive dataset nevertheless misses considerable important detail, particularly: (1) resolution of mesoscale channelized morphology that can guide glacier flow; and (2) resolution of small-scale roughness between the track lines that is critical for determining topographic resistance to flow. Both issues are addressed using a conditional simulation that merges a stochastic realization (an unconditional simulation) with a deterministic surface. A conditional simulation is a non-unique interpolation that reproduces observed statistical behavior without affecting data values. Channels are resolved in the deterministic surface using an interpolation algorithm designed for sinuous channels. Small-scale roughness is resolved using a statistical analysis that accounts for heterogeneity, including an abrupt transition between ‘lowland’ and ‘highland’ morphology. Multiple realizations of the unconditional simulation can be generated to sample the probability space and allow error characterization in flow modeling.
Analysis of brain tumors in Kashmir Valley - A 10 year study
Authors: Dhar Anil , Bhat Abdul Rashid , Nizami Furqan A , Kirmani A R , Zargar Javeed , Ramzan A U , Wani M A 
Published: June 2014

Background: Geographically Kashmir valley is isolated from the rest of the country. It has a different climate with people having different social and dietary habits. Gastric cancer, esophageal, and skin (Kangri) cancer have a higher prevalence but there is little data available on the cancers of brain.Objectives & Methodology: Aim was to study brain tumors prospectively and retrospectively, to analyse brain tumors geographically and to analyse the age and sex ratio of brain tumors in Kashmir valley. In this Retrospective and Prospective study, retrospectively (initial seven years) all patients were analyzed for their clinical symptoms, age, sex, residence, histopathologic characteristics of tumors. Prospectively (later three years) after get-ting the radiological diagnosis pathological diagnosis was arrived by procedures like open, stereotactic, and endoscopic procedures. All patients were then analysed for age, sex, residence, signs and symptoms and histopathological characteristics. Follow up was done for gliomas. Mortality and morbidity was analysed for gliomas in these 3 years. Patients who lost the follow up were considered dead. Out of 1730 patients included in our study, there were 1031 males and 699 females. The most common age group was between 41-50 years. Results: The most common tumor was gliomas followed by meningiomas. Gliomas were most common in men and meningiomas in females. Out of all the histological grades in gliomas, the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) was the most common, and frontal lobe was the commonest anatomical site involved. The most common symptom in our study was headache followed by vomiting.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i3.19148Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(3) 2014 p.268-277
Deformation Analysis of Railway Continuous Curved Rigid Frame Bridges in Construction Control
Authors: Suo Wen Jia 
Published: June 2014

To study the effects of deformation on bridges, the finite element analysis method was used. The railway continuous curved rigid frame bridge has been taken into account. Both the deadweight, prestress, and creep of the concrete were used for comparative analysis about the effect on displacement and twisting angel, then some practical application conclusions were obtained. The maximum reaction values were produced in different sections under the extreme cantilever stage and the finished bridge stage. Futhermore, the study of structural spatial behaviors is of great importance.
Micropropagation of Highly Productive Forms of Diploid and Triploid Aspen
Authors: Zontikov Dmitriy Nikolaevich , Zontikova Svetlana , Sergeev Roman , Shurgin Alex , Sirotina M. 
Published: June 2014

The stages of getting the planting material for laying plantations of the triploid aspen (Populustremula L.) are illustrated in this work. The source material selected from the genetic fund “The gigantic aspens” is characterized. The peculiarities of using the method of clonal micropropagation when getting the planting material, the usage of a rootstock as a source of donor explants for the introduction into the culture in vitro, the influence of a kind of nutrient media and growth regulators NAA and BAP on the growth and the development of microsprouts. The distinctions in the speed of the growth of the culture in vitro of diploid and triploid clones have been analyzed. The adaptation of the plants-regenerants to the soil-conditions.
API 11D1/ISO 14310 Grade V0 Qualified Ultra-HPHT Permanent Production Packer
Authors: Taylor Robert , Doane James , Anderson Gary , Deng Guijun , Collins Scott , Ansohn Travis 
Published: June 2014

Ever-increasing global demand for hydrocarbons challenges the oil and gas industry to explore and develop deeper and hotter reservoirs, pushing the boundaries of completion equipment capabilities from the traditional high pressure high temperature (HPHT) environment (15,000 to 20,000 psi and 350–450°F) to the ultra-HPHT environment (&gt;20,000 psi and &gt;450°F). Ultra-HPHT wells are being actively drilled in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) region, on the shelf and in deep water. Great efforts are being made throughout the industry to develop safe and reliable completion tools qualified for ultra-HPHT conditions.
The paper continues the work of previous papers, SPE 159182 and IPTC 16852. In SPE 159182, the focus was on the technological breakthrough of an ultra-HPHT seal system (500°F and 25,000 psi); IPTC 16852 addressed how an ultra-HPHT permanent production packer (470°F and 20,000 psi) was developed to meet technological challenges in as-rolled casing. This paper presents the design validation of an API 11D1/ISO 14310 grade V0-qualified ultra-HPHT permanent production packer (470°F and 20,000 psi), and also how supplemental qualification testing for a specific application by a customized fit-for-purpose test was tailored to test aspects of the unique seal design. The packer successfully passed both the API11D1/ISO14310 grade V0 test and the fit-for-purpose test.