bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of Reaction Kinetics and Oxygen Crossover in aprotic Li–O2 Batteries Based on a Dimethyl Sulfoxide Electrolyte
Authors: Marinaro M. , Balasubramanian P. , Gucciardi E. , Theil S. , Jörissen L. , Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAlthough still in their embryonic state, aprotic rechargeable Li‐O2 batteries have, theoretically, the capabilities of reaching higher specific energy densities than Li‐ion batteries. There are, however, significant drawbacks that must be addressed to allow stable electrochemical performance; these will ultimately be solved by a deeper understanding of the chemical and electrochemical processes occurring during battery operations. We report a study on the electrochemical and chemical stability of Li–O2 batteries comprising Au‐coated carbon cathodes, a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)‐based electrolyte and Li metal negative electrodes. The use of the aforementioned Au‐coated cathodes in combination with a 1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI)–DMSO electrolyte guarantees very good cycling stability (>300 cycles) by minimizing eventual side reactions. The main drawbacks arise from the high reactivity of the Li metal electrode when in contact with the O2‐saturated DMSO‐based electrolyte.
Efficient branch and bound algorithms for prototype filter optimization in OQAM‐OFDM systems
Authors: Wu Yiting , Chen Da , Jiang Tao 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we address the prototype filter optimization problem in the offset quadrature amplitude modulation‐based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system and propose a series of efficient branch and bound (BB)‐based methods to greatly reduce the convergence time of the optimization problem. Specifically, we first propose a constraint judge method to determine whether a subset has the possibility to obtain a feasible solution and remove the subsets that have no feasible solutions. Then, we propose a searching strategy to further decrease the number of iterations. Moreover, we propose an efficient convex relaxation method to reduce the calculation time of each iteration. Simulation results show that the proposed methods can guarantee the same global optimal solution as generated by the conventional α‐based BB (αBB) algorithm, and the BB algorithm combining the three proposed methods achieves much lower convergence time. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy‐minimized design of IP over flexible optical networks
Authors: Gkamas Vasileios , Christodoulopoulos Konstantinos , Vergados Dimitrios J. , Varvarigos Emmanouel 
Published: August 2015

SummaryEnergy efficiency is an important desirable property for optical networks and a key parameter for the sustainability of the future Internet. In this work, we consider the energy‐minimized design problem for IP over flexible optical networks. We provide an energy‐aware multilayer network‐planning algorithm, which takes as input the network topology, the IP end‐to‐end traffic matrix, the modular model of the IP/MPLS routers, and the feasible configurations of the flexible optical transponders. The algorithm serves the demands for their requested rates by placing router modules, selecting the paths in the IP topology, and the corresponding paths and spectrum slots in the underlying optical topology, together with the flexible optical transponders' transmission configurations. The algorithm's objective is to minimize the network's energy consumption, jointly accounting for the energy consumption of the routers' modules installed, the transponders used, and their configurations. Using realistic energy consumption and network traffic models, we evaluate the energy savings obtained when the proposed algorithm is applied to a flexible network, as opposed to a mixed‐line‐rate wavelength division multiplexing optical network. Moreover, we consider two optimization scenarios, comparing the joint energy consumption optimization of IP and optical layers to a sequential optimization of the energy consumed at these two layers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sox10ERT2CreERT2 mice enable tracing of distinct neural crest cell populations
Authors: He Fenglei , Soriano Philippe 
Published: August 2015

Background:Neural crest cells play an important role in craniofacial morphogenesis and many other developmental processes. The formation of neural crest cells (NCCs) in vivo is a highly dynamic process and remains to be fully understood.Results:To investigate the spatiotemporal patterning of NCCs in vivo, we have generated Sox10ERT2CreERT2 (SECE) mice, a transgenic line driving inducible Cre expression in NCCs. Inducing Cre activity at different stages triggered reporter expression in distinct NCC populations in SECE; R26R mice. By optimizing the timing and dosage of tamoxifen administration, we controlled Cre expression specifically in cranial NCCs. Using this approach, we demonstrate an important role for PDGFRα in cranial NCCs mitosis within the mandibular processes. Further reducing Cre activity within the cranial NCCs of SECE; R26R embryos revealed that SECE labels preferentially progenitors of medial nasal process (MNP) rather than the lateral nasal process (LNP), before their formation from the frontonasal prominence (FNP).Conclusions:Our results indicate that NCCs are formed sequentially from rostral to caudal regions along the neural tube. These findings also suggest that NCCs within the FNP become specified regionally and genetically before they divide into MNP and LNP. Developmental Dynamics 244:1394–1403, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Specific induction of cranial placode cells from Xenopus ectoderm by modulating the levels of BMP, Wnt, and FGF signaling
Authors: Watanabe Tomoko , Kanai Yuna , Matsukawa Shinya , Michiue Tatsuo 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe neural–epidermal boundary tissues include the neural crest and preplacodal ectoderm (PPE) as primordial constituents. The PPE region is essential for the development of various sensory and endocrine organs, such as the anterior lobe of the pituitary, olfactory epithelium, lens, trigeminal ganglion, and otic vesicles. During gastrulation, a neural region is induced in ectodermal cells that interacts with mesendodermal tissue and responds to several secreted factors. Among them, inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in the presumptive neuroectoderm is essential for the induction of neural regions, and formation of a Wnt and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling gradient along the midline determines anterior–posterior patterning. In this study, we attempted to specifically induce PPE cells from undifferentiated Xenopus cells by regulating BMP, Wnt, and FGF signaling. We showed that the proper level of BMP inhibition with an injection of truncated BMP receptor or treatment with a chemical antagonist triggered the expression of PPE genes. In addition, by varying the amount of injected chordin, we optimized specific expression of the PPE genes. PPE gene expression is increased by adding an appropriate dose of an FGF receptor antagonist. Furthermore, co‐injection with either wnt8 or the Wnt inhibitor dkk‐1 altered the expression levels of several region‐specific genes according to the injected dose. We specifically induced PPE cell differentiation in animal cap cells from early‐stage Xenopus embryos by modulating BMP, Wnt, and FGF signaling. This is not the first research on placode induction, but our simple method could potentially be applied to mammalian stem cell systems. genesis 53:652–659, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Living in isolation – population structure, reproduction, and genetic variation of the endangered plant speciesDianthus gratianopolitanus(Cheddar pink)
Authors: Putz Christina M. , Schmid Christoph , Reisch Christoph 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe endangered plant speciesDianthus gratianopolitanusexhibits a highly fragmented distribution range comprising many isolated populations. Based upon this pattern of distribution, we selected a study region in Switzerland with a lower magnitude of isolation (Swiss Jura) and another study region in Germany with a higher degree of isolation (Franconian Jura). In each region, we chose ten populations to analyze population structure, reproduction, and genetic variation in a comparative approach. Therefore, we determined population density, cushion size, and cushion density to analyze population structure, investigated reproductive traits, including number of flowers, capsules, and germination rate, and analyzed amplified fragment length polymorphisms to study genetic variation. Population and cushion density were credibly higher in German than in Swiss populations, whereas reproductive traits and genetic variation within populations were similar in both study regions. However, genetic variation among populations and isolation by distance were stronger in Germany than in Switzerland. Generally, cushion size and density as well as flower and capsule production increased with population size and density, whereas genetic variation decreased with population density. In contrast to our assumptions, we observed denser populations and cushions in the region with the higher magnitude of isolation, whereas reproductive traits and genetic variation within populations were comparable in both regions. This corroborates the assumption that stronger isolation must not necessarily result in the loss of fitness and genetic variation. Furthermore, it supports our conclusion that the protection of strongly isolated populations contributes essentially to the conservation of a species' full evolutionary potential.
Population structure of the Indonesian giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon: a window into evolutionary similarities between paralogous mitochondrial DNA sequences and their genomes
Authors: Abdul‐Aziz Muslihudeen A. , Schöfl Gerhard , Mrotzek Grit , Haryanti Haryanti , Sugama Ketut , Saluz Hans Peter 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHere we used both microsatellites and mtCR (mitochondrial DNA control region) sequences as genetic markers to examine the genetic diversity and population structure of Penaeus monodon shrimp from six Indonesian regions. The microsatellite data showed that shrimp from the Indian and the Pacific Ocean were genetically distinct from each other. It has been reported previously that P. monodon mtCR sequences from the Indo‐Pacific group into two major paralogous clades of unclear origin. Here we show that the population structure inferred from mtCR sequences matches the microsatellite‐based population structure for one of these clades. This is consistent with the notion that this mtCR clade shares evolutionary history with nuclear DNA and may thus represent nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (Numts).
Synthesis of Rod‐Like g‐C3N4/ZnS Composites with Superior Photocatalytic Activity for the Degradation of Methyl Orange
Authors: Wang Qizhao , Shi Yanbiao , Du Zhongyi , He Jijuan , Zhong Junbo , Zhao Lianchun , She Houde , Liu Gang , Su Bitao 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA rod‐like g‐C3N4/ZnS composite was synthesized via a hydrothermal process using g‐C3N4, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, thioglycolic acid, and thioacetamide as precursors under reflux conditions. The obtained products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The amount of g‐C3N4 was systematically varied, and it was found that the g‐C3N4 content not only plays an important role in the formation of g‐C3N4/ZnS rod‐like composites but also the improvement of the photocurrent response. The photocatalytic experimental results indicated that the 10 wt.‐% g‐C3N4/ZnS nanocomposite enhances photocatalytic performance with 93.0 % decomposition of methyl orange (MO) after 100 min under simulated sunlight irradiation. This new composite is expected to show considerable potential in the treatment of wastewater containing organic pollutants.
Asymmetric Nitrocyclopropanation of α‐Substituted α,β‐Enals Catalyzed by Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether for the Construction of All‐Carbon Quaternary ­Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Yamazaki Tatsuya , Nakanishi Yuki , Ono Tsuyoshi , Taniguchi Tohru , Monde Kenji , Uchimaru Tadafumi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe diphenylprolinol silyl ether mediated asymmetric nitrocyclopropanation of α‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with bromonitromethane, followed by base‐promoted isomerization was found to afford trans‐nitrocyclopropanecarbaldehydes with all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic centers with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. DFT calculations indicated that the s‐trans conformer of the iminium ion intermediate is more stable than the s‐cis conformer. In addition, nucleophilic attack of the bromonitromethane anion to the iminium ion intermediate was calculated to occur preferentially from the opposite side of the bulky substituents of the pyrrolidine iminium intermediate.
Facile, One‐Pot, and Gram‐Scale Synthesis of 3,4,5‐Triiodoanisole through a C–H Iodination/ipso‐Iododecarboxylation Strategy: Potential Application towards 3,4,5‐Trisubstituted Anisoles
Authors: Al‐Zoubi Raed M. , Al‐Mughaid Hussein , Al‐Zoubi Mariam A. , Jaradat Khaled T. , McDonald Robert 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA facile, efficient, and gram‐scale method for the conversion of para‐anisic acid into 3,4,5‐triiodoanisole through a one‐pot C–H iodination/ipso‐iododecarboxylation reaction was investigated. Commercially available benzoic acid was used, which allowed the reaction to be performed on a multigram scale in good yield. This report discloses a practical method for the one‐pot synthesis of hitherto unknown 3,4,5‐triiodoanisole that is catalytic, scalable, efficient, and easy to work up and purify. Potential application of the target compound as a precursor for novel site‐selective metal–iodine exchange and Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions were also explored. 3,4,5‐Trisubstituted anisole derivatives were provided in a highly regioselective fashion; these compounds are useful building blocks in synthesis and indeed are hard to prepare by any other means.
Triazine herbicide imprinted monolithic column for capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Aşır Süleyman , Derazshamshir Ali , Yılmaz Fatma , Denizli Adil 
Published: August 2015

Trietazine was selectively separated from aqueous solution containing the competitor molecule cyanazine, which is similar in size and shape to the template molecule. Structural features of the molecularly imprinted column were figured out by SEM. The influence of the mobile‐phase composition, applied electrical field, and pH of the mobile phase on the recognition of trietazine by the imprinted monolithic polymer has been evaluated, and the imprint effect in the trietazine‐imprinted monolithic polymer was demonstrated by an imprinting factor. The optimized monolithic column resulted in separation of trietazine from a structurally related competitor molecule, cyanazine. In addition, fast separation was obtained within 6 min by applying higher electrical field, with the electrophoretic mobility of 2.97 × 10−8 m2V−1s−1 at pH 11.0.
Roll‐to‐Roll Slot–Die Coated Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) Modules with High Geometrical Fill Factors
Authors: Galagan Yulia , Fledderus Henri , Gorter Harrie , 't Mannetje Hero H. , Shanmugam Santhosh , Mandamparambil Rajesh , Bosman Johan , Rubingh Jan‐Eric J. M. , Teunissen Jean‐Pierre , Salem Ahmed , de Vries Ike G. , Andriessen Ronn , Groen Wilhelm A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFlexible semi‐transparent organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules were manufactured by roll‐to‐roll slot–die coating of three functional layers [ZnO, photoactive layer, and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)] and either the screen printing or inkjet printing of the top electrodes. A poly(3‐hexylthiophene):[6,6] phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) layer deposited from non‐chlorinated solvents was used as the absorber layer. The modules were realized by slot–die coating of the layers onto a laser‐patterned polyethylene terephthalate/indium‐tin oxide (PET/ITO) substrate, followed by laser structuring of all coated layers. The top electrodes were realized by high‐resolution printing, which, combined with laser patterning of other layers, enables manufacturing of the modules with high geometrical fill factor (92.5 %). The modules have an active area of 156 cm2, and contain 13 serially interconnected cells. Two semitransparent electrodes (ITO from the bottom and PEDOT:PSS/Ag‐grid from the top side) allow the absorption of photons incident from both sides. The performance of the modules was evaluated and compared among the modules by considering the following factors: (i) roll‐to‐roll slot–die coated vs. spin‐coated layers, (ii) inkjet‐printed vs. screen‐printed top electrodes, (iii) top vs. bottom illumination. The demonstrated technology is one of the proven feasible ways towards industrial manufacturing of the OPV modules.
Optimal simultaneous cooperative spectrum sensing and wireless power transfer with power splitting in multichannel cognitive radio network
Authors: Liu Xin , Jia Min , Yan Junhua , Gao Ning , Zhou Jianjiang , Lu Weidang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn cognitive radio network, the secondary users (SUs) perform cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) to improve the sensing performance when the primary user (PU) is shadowed or in severe fading. However, the CSS may deplete some electric power including sensing power and cooperative power, thus yielding to decrease the transmission power. In this paper, a simultaneous CSS and wireless power transfer (WPT) is proposed by using a power splitter to split the received PU signal into a harvesting signal stream and a sensing signal stream. The sensing signal stream is used to perform CSS, while the radio frequency energy of the harvesting signal stream is converted into the electric power to supply the CSS simultaneously. A joint optimisation problem of sensing time, cooperative SUs and power splitting is formulated, which seeks to maximise the total spectrum access probability of the SU over all the subchannels, subject to the constraints of the detection probability, the harvested energy and the number of cooperative SUs. The simulation results have shown that the proposed simultaneous CSS and WPT can improve the transmission energy compared with the traditional CSS, and there is a trade‐off between spectrum access and energy harvesting. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of nutritional properties of Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) flour with wheat and barley flours
Authors: Adhikari Bhaskar Mani , Bajracharya Alina , Shrestha Ashok K. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractStinging nettle (Urtica dioica. L) is a wild, unique herbaceous perennial flowering plant with Stinging hairs. It has a long history of use as a food sources as a soup or curries, and also used as a fiber as well as a medicinal herb. The current aim was to analyze the composition and bioactive compounds in Nepalese Stinging nettle. Chemical analysis showed the relatively higher level of crude protein (33.8%), crude fiber (9.1%), crude fat (3.6%), total ash (16.2%), carbohydrate (37.4%), and relatively lower energy value (307 kcal/100 g) as compared to wheat and barley flours. Analysis of nettle powder showed significantly higher level of bioactive compounds: phenolic compounds as 129 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g; carotenoid level 3497 μg/g; tannin 0.93 mg/100 g; anti‐oxidant activity 66.3 DPPH inhibition (%), as compared to wheat and barley. This study further established that nettle plants as very good source of energy, proteins, high fiber, and a range of health benefitting bioactive compounds.
New SOFC‐Stack Design with Parallel‐Connected Cells – Basic Concept and Joining Aspects
Authors: Lindermeir A. , Immisch C. , Szepanski C. , Hamje J. , Bentaleb A. , Dörrer L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSolid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) technology still suffers from problems like high costs and insufficient lifetime, partly caused by the traditional serial‐connected stack design. To overcome some of these issues a new design with parallel‐connected cells is proposed. The concept is based on a cartridge designed repeating unit consisting of two cells, electrically connected in parallel. Stack modules with 50 to 60 W can be built up by stacking and interconnect these basic units, likewise in a parallel mode. Finally, several stack modules can be connected in serial configuration to supply reasonable terminal voltage and power. Different design options for the twin cell unit were evaluated by flow field simulations and with respect to their producibility. Both, metallic and ceramic concepts for the cell frames are considered. Glass seals are completely avoided to improve durability. Reactive air brazing (RAB) is used for mounting the cells in the frames. The concept with metallic cell frames additionally uses pulsed laser welding to seal the gas compartments. Preliminary tests on welding and brazing show the general feasibility of these joining technologies and disclose a way to mass production of twin cells as basic repeating units. Flow field simulations assist the dimensioning to assure homogeneous distribution of reactants.
Amyloid‐associated depression and ApoE4 allele: longitudinal follow‐up for the development of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Qiu Wei Qiao , Zhu Haihao , Dean Michael , Liu Zhiheng , Vu Linh , Fan Guanguang , Li Huajie , Mwamburi Mkaya , Steffens David C. , Au Rhoda 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundAmyloid‐associated depression is associated with cognitive impairment cross sectionally. This follow‐up study was to determine the relationship between amyloid‐associated depression and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsTwo hundred and twenty three subjects who did not have dementia at baseline were given a repeat cognitive evaluation for incident AD. Depression was defined by having a Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES‐D) score ≥ 16, and non‐amyloid vs. amyloid‐associated depression by having a low vs. high plasma amyloid‐β peptide 40 (Aβ40)/Aβ42 ratio. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype was determined, and antidepressant usage was documented.ResultsFifteen subjects developed AD (7%) after an average follow‐up time of 6.2 years. While none of those with non‐amyloid depression developed AD, 9% of those with amyloid‐associated depression developed AD. Further, among those with amyloid‐associated depression, ApoE4 carriers tended to have a higher risk of AD than ApoE4 non‐carriers (40% vs. 4%, p = 0.06). In contrast, 8% of those who did not have depression at baseline developed AD, but ApoE4 carriers and non‐carriers did not show a difference in the AD risk. After adjusting for age, the interaction between ApoE4 and amyloid‐associated depression (β = +0.113, SE = 0.047, P = 0.02) and the interaction between ApoE4 and antidepressant use (β = +0.174, SE = 0.064, P = 0.007) were associated with the AD risk.ConclusionsAmyloid‐associated depression may be prodromal depression of AD especially in the presence of ApoE4. Future studies with a larger cohort and a longer follow‐up are warranted to further confirm this conclusion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.