bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the temporal spacing of observations on analysis errors in an idealised data assimilation system
Authors: Eyre J. R. , Weston P. P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article presents a theoretical study of the impact of the temporal spacing of observations on average analysis errors in a simple system analogous to a numerical weather prediction data assimilation system. The results are relevant to questions concerning the optimal distribution of polar‐orbiting satellites, and particularly to the question of how available satellite assets might be deployed in the three orbital planes recommended by the World Meteorological Organisation in its ‘Vision for the Global Observing System in 2025’.The results of this study show that the sensitivity of analysis error to temporal spacing of observations depends on the metric used. The mean analysis error variance is sensitive to temporal spacing, but the mean analysis ‘accuracy’ (defined here as the inverse of error variance) is not sensitive in the limit of zero model error. Moreover, although the sensitivity of mean analysis error variance is small when forecast error variances double at their average rate (∼12 h), it is much greater when doubling times are shorter (6 or 3 h), as might be expected in some high‐impact weather events. The results support the case for deploying satellites in orbits that are approximately equally spaced where possible.In initial experiments, it is assumed that observations from satellites deployed in different orbits have equal information content. In subsequent experiments, information content is simulated for a range of systems corresponding to present and future satellite observing systems. In addition to satellites operational in the period 2010–2011, the potential has been assessed of data from the satellites Suomi‐NPP, Metop‐B and FY‐3C, and also from proposed future systems—hyperspectral infrared sounders on a ring of geostationary satellites, and an enhanced constellation of radio occultation instruments. In each case, the impact of these observations on mean analysis‐error variance is assessed.
Analysis of the current state in website certificate validation
Authors: Gruschka Nils , Iacono Luigi Lo , Sorge Christoph 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an in‐depth analysis of the certificate validation process employed in current web browsers. It discusses the shortcomings especially arising from the inappropriate management of the certificate status. Various improvements proposed so far are presented and analyzed with the aid of a threat model. The results are further enriched by some empirical studies. Finally, the outcomes of the aforementioned analysis are used to sketch an extended website certificate validation process with the aim of allowing for a better protection. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient privacy‐preserved data query over ciphertext in cloud computing
Authors: Song Wei , Peng Zhiyong , Wang Qian , Cheng Fangquan , Wu Xiaoxin , Cui Yihui 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAs cloud computing becomes prevalent, more and more sensitive information are being centralized into the cloud. A basic methodology that may address cloud data privacy issue is to encrypt the data before outsourcing. However, this makes effective data utilization, for example, searching a very challenging task. Although some searchable encryption schemes have been proposed to allow a user to search over encrypted data, these techniques are extremely difficult to provide efficient encrypted data query with various service patterns such as nonuniform data distribution, nonuniform query workload, and attributes join query. In this paper, we research efficient privacy‐preserved data query methodologies for querying cipher‐text numeric relational data in cloud computing. To provide efficient relational data query service just as DBMS does through SQL, we propose a service‐oriented query (SOQ) algorithm that adaptively adjusts the encrypted data buckets based on sensitive data distribution and query workload. Moreover, we propose a two‐stage index to address the issue of join query between encrypted attributes that has not been well solved to our knowledge. We design experiments to evaluate performances of our schemes and algorithms, which show that our methods achieve satisfactory encrypted data query performances. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid and Low‐Cost Prototyping of 3D Nanostructures with Multi‐Layer Hydrogen Silsesquioxane Scaffolds
Authors: Varghese Leo T. , Fan Li , Wang Jian , Xuan Yi , Qi Minghao 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA layer‐by‐layer (LBL) method can generate or approximate any three‐dimensional (3D) structure, and has been the approach for the manufacturing of complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) devices. However, its high cost precludes the fabrication of anything other than CMOS‐compatible devices, and general 3D nanostructures have been difficult to prototype in academia and small businesses, due to the lack of expensive facility and state‐of‐the‐art tools. It is proposed and demonstrated that a novel process that can rapidly fabricate high‐resolution three‐dimensional (3D) nanostructures at low cost, without requiring specialized equipment. An individual layer is realized through electron‐beam lithography patterning of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) resist, followed by planarization via spinning SU‐8 resist and etch‐back. A 4‐layer silicon inverse woodpile photonic crystal with a period of 650 nm and a 7‐layer HSQ scaffold with a period of 300 nm are demonstrated. This process provides a versatile and accessible solution to the fabrication of highly complex 3D nanostructures.
Concise Review: Engineering Myocardial Tissue: The Convergence of Stem Cells Biology and Tissue Engineering Technology
Authors: Buikema Jan Willem , Meer Peter , Sluijter Joost P.G. , Domian Ibrahim J. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Advanced heart failure represents a leading public health problem in the developed world. The clinical syndrome results from the loss of viable and/or fully functional myocardial tissue. Designing new approaches to augment the number of functioning human cardiac muscle cells in the failing heart serve as the foundation of modern regenerative cardiovascular medicine. A number of clinical trials have been performed in an attempt to increase the number of functional myocardial cells by the transplantation of a diverse group of stem or progenitor cells. Although there are some encouraging suggestions of a small early therapeutic benefit, to date, no evidence for robust cell or tissue engraftment has been shown, emphasizing the need for new approaches. Clinically meaningful cardiac regeneration requires the identification of the optimum cardiogenic cell types and their assembly into mature myocardial tissue that is functionally and electrically coupled to the native myocardium. We here review recent advances in stem cell biology and tissue engineering and describe how the convergence of these two fields may yield novel approaches for cardiac regeneration. Stem Cells 2013;31:2587–2598
Bone morphogenetic proteins and secreted frizzled related protein 2 maintain the quiescence of adult mammalian retinal stem cells
Authors: Balenci Laurent , Wonders Carl , Coles Brenda L.K. , Clarke Laura , Kooy Derek 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Rare retinal stem cells (RSCs) within the ciliary epithelium at the retinal margin of the adult mouse and human eyes can divide in vitro in the absence of growth factors to generate clonal, self-renewing spheres which can generate all the retinal cell types. Since no regenerative properties are seen in situ in the adult mammalian eye, we sought to determine the factors that are involved in the repression of endogenous RSCs. We discovered that factors secreted by the adult lens and cornea block the proliferation of adult RSCs in vitro. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2, BMP4, and secreted frizzled related protein 2 were identified as principal effectors of the anti-proliferative effects on RSCs. As a similar induced quiescence was observed in vitro on both mouse and human RSCs, targeting these molecules in vivo may reactivate RSCs directly in situ in the eyes of the blind.
Thrombospondin-2 secreted by human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes chondrogenic differentiation
Authors: Jeong Sang Young , Kim Dong Hyun , Ha Jueun , Jin Hye Jin , Kwon Soon-Jae , Chang Jong Wook , Choi Soo Jin , Oh Wonil , Yang Yoon Sun , Kim Gonhyung , Kim Jae Sung , Yoon Jung-Ro , Cho Dong Hyung , Jeon Hong Bae 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has therapeutic potential for the treatment of various diseases, including cartilage disorders. However, the paracrine mechanisms underlying cartilage repair by MSCs are poorly understood. Here, we show that human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) promoted differentiation of chondroprogenitor cells by paracrine action. This paracrine effect of hUCB-MSCs on chondroprogenitor cells was increased by treatment with synovial fluid (SF) obtained from osteoarthritis (OA) patients but was decreased by SF of fracture patients, compared to that of an untreated group. To identify paracrine factors underlying the chondrogenic effect of hUCB-MSCs, the secretomes of hUCB-MSCs stimulated by OA SF or fracture SF were analyzed using a biotin label-based antibody array. Among the proteins increased in response to these two kinds of SF, thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2) was specifically increased in only OA SF-treated hUCB-MSCs. In order to determine the role of TSP-2, exogenous TSP-2 was added to a micromass culture of chondroprogenitor cells. We found that TSP-2 had chondrogenic effects on chondroprogenitor cells via PKCα, ERK, p38/MAPK, and Notch signaling pathways. Knockdown of TSP-2 expression on hUCB-MSCs using small interfering RNA abolished the chondrogenic effects of hUCB-MSCs on chondroprogenitor cells. In parallel with in vitro analysis, the cartilage regenerating effect of hUCB-MSCs and TSP-2 was also demonstrated using a rabbit full-thickness osteochondral-defect model. Our findings suggested that hUCB-MSCs can stimulate the differentiation of locally presented endogenous chondroprogenitor cells by TSP-2, which finally leads to cartilage regeneration.
Balancing Time‐to‐Market and Quality in Embedded Systems
Authors: van der Spek Pieter , Verhoef Chris 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTFinding a balance between the time‐to‐market and quality of a delivered product is a daunting task. The optimal release moment is not easily found. We propose to use historical project data to monitor the progress of running projects. From the data we inferred a formula providing a rough indication of the number of defects given the effort spent thus far (effort‐to‐defect formula). Furthermore, we provide a worst case bound to the allowed number of residual defects at the end of a project in order to achieve the required level of quality. For this purpose we slightly modified a well‐known reliability growth model by Bishop and Bloomfield. It turned out that the software in Philips’MRIscanners has a defect rate of 1 per 1175 device‐years of observation. This coincides with the second highest safety integrity level (SIL3) as defined in theIEC61508 standard. The highest level (SIL4) is only attainable by applying redundancy. Finally, we combine the effort‐to‐defect formula with the reliability growth model to monitor the progress of a project and to determine when the required level of quality will be reached. We show that a common fault distribution, the Rayleigh model, is not necessarily the best model for predicting the number of residual defects in the system. Using a well‐known data analysis approach calledexploratory data analysis(EDA) we obtained an alternative model based on the Normal curve. We have evaluated the Rayleigh model and our model based on the Normal curve at Philips HealthcareMRI. The Normal curve predicts defects over time better than the Rayleigh model in the case of Philips HealthcareMRI. Furthermore, time series models (ARIMA) are also useful for accurately describing the defect trend, but are not suitable for long‐term predictions. Finally, cost estimation models (COCOMO) lack the predictive capabilities of models fitted on the data usingEDA. Their capabilities are limited compared to a model derived from data which reflects the constitutional knowledge of the actual realization of systems within a specific company. However, they can still be used to advantage when there is limited or no data available to use as a basis for lifting from gut feel to order of magnitude. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 17
Self‐regulated learning study strategies and academic performance in undergraduate organic chemistry: An investigation examining ethnically diverse students
Authors: Lopez Enrique J. , Nandagopal Kiruthiga , Shavelson Richard J. , Szu Evan , Penn John 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study sought to identify ethnically diverse students' study strategies in organic chemistry and their relationships to course outcomes. Study diaries, concept maps, and problem sets were used to assess study outcomes. Findings show that students engage in four commonly used reviewing‐type strategies, regardless of ethnic group affiliation. However, these common strategies were rarely associated with students' problem solving, concept mapping, or course performance. In addition, students seldom engaged in metacognitive and peer learning strategies despite their reported benefits in the literature. Implications for research and practice are discussed in light of these findings. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach
Subcellular localization and interaction network of the mRNA decay activator Pat1 upon UV stress
Authors: Bahassou‐Benamri Rachida , Davin Anne‐Hélène , Gaillard Jean‐Charles , Alonso Beatrice , Odorico Michael , Pible Olivier , Armengaud Jean , Godon Christian 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTo identify nucleo‐cytoplasmic shuttle proteins that relocate to the nucleus upon UV stress, we selected 18 targets on the basis of their conservation amongst eukaryotes and their relatively poor functional description. Their relocation was assayed using quantitative nuclear relocation assay (QNR). We focused on Pat1, a component of the cytoplasmic foci called processing bodies (p‐bodies), because it had the strongest response to the stress. We verified that Pat1 accumulates in the nucleus after GFP tagging and fluorescence microscopy. Using tandem affinity purification coupled to a mass spectrometry shotgun detection and quantitation approach, we explored the dynamics of Pat1 protein–protein interaction network after UV stress. We have shown that Pat1 co‐purifies with Dhh1 specifically upon UV stress. We observed that the nuclear accumulation of Pat1 upon UV stress is abolished in a dhh1∆ strain. These data provide the first evidence that Dhh1 is required for Pat1 nuclear relocation after UV stress. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐ and Long‐term Outcomes After Laparoscopic Versus Open Emergency Resection for Colon Cancer: An Observational Propensity Score‐matched Study
Authors: Odermatt Manfred , Miskovic Danilo , Siddiqi Najaf , Khan Jim , Parvaiz Amjad 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundCase series suggest the feasibility and safety of emergency resection of colon cancer by laparoscopy. The present study compares short‐ and long‐term outcomes of laparoscopic and open resection for colon cancers treated as emergencies.MethodsThe study was a propensity score‐matched design based on a prospective database. From October 2006 to December 2011, emergency laparoscopic colon cancer resections were 1:2 propensity score‐matched to open cases. Covariates for match‐estimation were age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, procedure type, tumor site, and reason for emergency surgery. Short‐term outcomes included oncological quality surrogates (lymph node harvest and R stage), need for a stoma, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications. For long‐term outcomes, overall and recurrence‐free survival rates were analyzed with Kaplan–Meier curves.ResultsDuring the study period, a total of 217 colon cancers were resected (181 open and 36 laparoscopic) as emergencies. The laparoscopic cases were matched to 72 open cases. Median follow‐up was 3.6 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.3–4.3] years. The overall 3‐year survival rate was 51 % (95 % CI 35–76) in the laparoscopic group versus 43 % (95 % CI 32–58) in the open group (p = 0.24). The 3‐year recurrence‐free survival rate in the laparoscopic group was 35 % (95 % CI 20–60) versus 37 % (95 % CI 27–50) in the open group (p = 0.53). Median lymph node harvest (17 vs. 13 nodes; p = 0.041) and median length of hospital stay (7.5 vs. 11.0 days; p = 0.019) favored laparoscopy.ConclusionsOur data suggest that selective emergency laparoscopy for colon cancer is not inferior to open surgery with regard to short‐ and long‐term outcomes. Laparoscopy resulted in a shorter length of hospital stay.
Stakeholders’ Opinions on the Implementation of Pediatric Whole Exome Sequencing: Implications for Informed Consent
Authors: Levenseller Brooke L. , Soucier Danielle J. , Miller Victoria A. , Harris Diana , Conway Laura , Bernhardt Barbara A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAdvances in whole genome and whole exome sequencing (WGS/WES) technologies have led to increased availability in clinical settings. Currently, there are few guidelines relating to the process and content of informed consent for WGS/WES, nor to which results should be returned to families. To address this gap, we conducted focus groups to assess the views of professionals, parents, and adolescents for the future implementation of WES. The discussions assessed understanding of the risks and benefits of WES, preferences for the informed consent discussion, process for return of results, and the decision‐making role of the pediatric patient. Professional focus group participants included bioethicists, physicians, laboratory directors, and genetic counselors. Parent focus groups included individuals with children who could be offered sequencing due to a potential genetic cause of the child's condition. On‐line discussion groups were conducted with adolescents aged 13–17 who had a possible genetic disorder. We identified discrepancies between professionals and patient groups regarding the process and content of informed consent, preference for return of results, and the role of the child in decision‐making. Professional groups were concerned with the uncertainty regarding professional obligations, changing interpretation in genomic medicine, and practical concerns of returning results over time. Parent and adolescent groups focused on patient choice and personal utility of sequencing results. Each group expressed different views on the role of the child in decision‐making and return of results. These discrepancies represent potential barriers to informed consent and a challenge for genetic counselors regarding the involvement of pediatric patients in decision‐making and return of results discussions.
Functional MRI investigation of verbal working memory in adults with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Lao-Kaim N.P. , Giampietro V.P. , Williams S.C.R. , Simmons A. , Tchanturia K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLiterature regarding verbal working memory (vWM) in anorexia nervosa (AN) has been inconsistent due to a misunderstanding of the key components of vWM and introduction of confounding stimuli. Furthermore, there are no studies looking at how brain function in people with AN relates to vWM performance. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a letter n-back paradigm to study the effect of increasing vWM task difficulty on cortical functioning in the largest AN sample to date (n= 31). Although the AN group had low BMI and higher anxious and depressive symptomology compared to age-matched controls (HC), there were no between-group differences in accuracy and speed at any task difficulty. fMRI data revealed no regions exhibiting significant differences in activation when groups were compared at each difficulty separately and no regions showing group x condition interaction. Although there was a trend towards lower accuracy as duration of illness increased, this was not correlated with activity in regions associated with vWM. These findings indicate that vWM in AN is as efficient and performed using the same cognitive strategy as HC, and that there may not be a need for therapies to pursue remediation of this particular neurocognitive faculty.
CSF Aβ1‐42 combined with neuroimaging biomarkers in the early detection, diagnosis and prediction of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lista Simone , Garaci Francesco G. , Ewers Michael , Teipel Stefan , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Hampel Harald 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe development of validated, qualified, and standardized biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) that allow for an early presymptomatic diagnosis and discrimination (classification) from other types of dementia and neurodegenerative diseases is warranted to accelerate the successful development of novel disease‐modifying therapies. Here, we focus on the value of the 42‐residue‐long amyloid β isoform (Aβ1‐42) peptide in the cerebrospinal fluid as the core, feasible neurobiochemical marker for the amyloidogenic mechanisms in early‐onset familial and late‐onset sporadic AD. We discuss the role and use of Aβ1‐42 in combination with evolving neuroimaging biomarkers in AD detection and diagnosis. Multimodal neuroimaging techniques, directly providing structural‐functional‐metabolic aspects of brain pathophysiology, are supportive to predict and monitor the progression of the disease. Advances in multimodal neuroimaging provide new insights into brain organization and enable the detection of specific proteins and/or protein aggregates associated with AD. The combination of biomarkers from different methodologies is believed to be of incrementally added risk‐value to accurately identify asymptomatic and prodromal individuals who will likely progress to dementia and represent rational biomarker candidates for preventive and symptomatic pharmacological intervention trials.