bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Verb Clusters in Interference Frisian: A Stochastic Model over Sequential Syntactic Input
Authors: Hoekstra Eric , Versloot Arjen 
Published: April 2015

Interference Frisian (IF) is a variety of Frisian, spoken by mostly younger speakers, which is heavily influenced by Dutch. IF exhibits all six logically possible word orders in a cluster of three verbs. This phenomenon has been researched by Koeneman and Postma (2006), who argue for a parameter theory, which leaves frequency differences between various orders unexplained. Rejecting Koeneman and Postma’s parameter theory, but accepting their conclusion that Dutch (and Frisian) data are input for the grammar of IF, we will argue that the word order preferences of speakers of IF are determined by frequency and similarity. More specifically, three-verb clusters in IF are sensitive to: their linear left-to-right similarity to two-verb clusters and three-verb clusters in Frisian and in Dutch; the (estimated) frequency of two- and three-verb clusters in Frisian and Dutch. The model will be shown to work best if Dutch and Frisian, and two- and three-verb clusters, have equal impact factors. If different impact factors are taken, the model’s predictions do not change substantially, testifying to its robustness. This analysis is in line with recent ideas that the sequential nature of human speech is more important to syntactic processes than commonly assumed, and that less burden need be put on the hierarchical dimension of syntactic structure.
The impact of violence reduction initiatives on emergency department attendance
Authors: Rainey SR , Simpson J , Page S , Crowley M , Evans J , Sheridan M , Ireland AJ 
Published: April 2015

Background Recent violence reduction initiatives in Glasgow have led to a reduction in recorded levels of violent crime.1 This study evaluates the impact of these initiatives on assault-related emergency department attendances and admissions. Methods A retrospective observational study conducted in Glasgow Royal Infirmary’s emergency department comparing assault-related emergency department attendances and hospital admissions over two 30-day study periods (April 2010 and April 2012). The primary outcome measure was the change in assault-related emergency department attendances. The secondary outcome measure was the impact on assault-related hospital and critical care admissions. Results In April 2010, there were 6098 emergency department attendances, 301 (4.9%) were due to assault. In April 2012, there were 7236 emergency department attendances, 263 (3.6%) were due to assault, representing a significant reduction in assault-related attendances ( p < 0.01). There were significant reductions in level 1 admissions 2010  n = 56 (19.2%), 2012  n = 36 (14.0%) p = 0.04 and critical care admissions, 2010  n = 5 (1.7%), 2012  n = 1 (0.4%) p = 0.04. Conclusions Violence reduction initiatives in Glasgow have contributed to a reduction in assault-related emergency department attendance at Glasgow Royal Infirmary. The reduction in hospital admissions, in particular critical care admissions, suggests a reduction in morbidity and cost to the National Health Service.
Comparison of Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lu‐Myers Yemeng , Deal Allison M. , Miller Justin D. , Thorp Brian D. , Sreenath Satyan B. , McClurg Stanley M. , Senior Brent A. , Zanation Adam M. , Ebert Charles S. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study is to evaluate the differences in socioeconomic, demographic, and disease severity factors between patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and those with allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS).Study DesignA retrospective cohort analysis was performed.SettingThe study was conducted at the hospital of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.Subjects and MethodsA total of 186 patients were included (93 AFRS, 93 CRS with and without nasal polyps). Socio‐ economic and demographic data were obtained from the North Carolina State Data Center. Indicators of disease severity were measured by Lund‐Mackay scores, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, diagnosis of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis, and the number of surgeries and computed tomography scans performed. Associations were analyzed with Fisher’s exact, Wilcoxon rank sum, and Pearson’s correlations tests.ResultsCompared with patients with AFRS, patients in both CRS groups were predominantly white (P <. 0001), were older at the time of diagnosis (P <. 0001), had higher county‐based income per capita (P =. 004), had lower quantitative serum IgE level (P <. 001), and had lower Lund‐Mackay scores (P <. 0001). No associations between disease severity, socioeconomic status, and demographic factors were found within the CRS groups.ConclusionWithin our cohort of patients residing in North Carolina, those with CRS have higher income, more access to primary care, and lower markers of disease severity than those with AFRS. These data continue to support the notion that AFRS merits classification as a distinct subtype of CRS.
Interval cancer rates in the Irish national breast screening programme
Authors: O’Brien Katie M , Dwane Fiona , Kelleher Tracy , Sharp Linda , Comber Harry 
Published: April 2015

Objective To compare interval cancer rates from the Irish breast screening programme, BreastCheck, for the period 2000–2007 with those from other European countries. Methods Data from BreastCheck was linked to National Cancer Registry breast cancer registrations, to calculate numbers of women screened, screen-detected cancers, and interval cancers, by year of screening, in the first and second years after screening, and by initial or subsequent screen. Estimated underlying cancer incidence from the period 1996–1999 inclusive was used to calculate proportionate incidence. We calculated the interval cancer ratio as an alternative measure of the burden of interval cancers. Results There were 372,658 screening records for 178,147 women in the period 2000–2007. The overall interval rate was 9.6 per 10,000 screens. In the first year after screening, the interval cancer rate was 5.8 per 10,000 screens and this increased to 13.4 in the second year after screening. The screen detection rate for the period was 53.6 per 10,000 screened for all screens combined. Initial screens produced a higher detection rate at 66.9 per 10,000 screened compared with subsequent screens with a screen-detected rate of 41.4 per 10,000 screens. Conclusion Interval breast cancer rates for the first years of the programme are within acceptable limits and are comparable with those in other European programmes. Nationwide roll-out together with the adoption of digital mammography may have an impact on interval cancer rates in future years.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of itraconazole oral solution in cats
Authors: Liang Chaoping , Shan Qi , Zhong Jialian , Li Wei , Zhang Xiufeng , Wang Jing , Cao Changfu , Zeng Zhenling 
Published: April 2015

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of itraconazole (ITR) oral solution in healthy cats. Methods The pharmacokinetics of ITR were studied in eight healthy, fasted cats after a single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg, in a two-period crossover design study. Blood was obtained at predetermined intervals for the determination of ITR concentrations with high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic characterisation was performed by a non-compartmental method using WinNonlin 5.2.1. Results After IV administration, the major pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows (mean ± SD): terminal elimination half-life (T1/2λz ) 15.8 ± 1.88 h; area under the curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0–∞) 13.9 ± 3.17 h·μg/ml; total body clearance 0.37 ± 0.08 l/h/kg; apparent volume of distribution 8.51 ± 1.92 l/kg; mean residence time 20.6 ± 3.95 h. After PO administration, the principal pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows (mean ± SD): T1/2λz 15.6 ± 3.20 h; AUC0–∞ 7.94 ± 2.83 h·μg/ml; peak concentration 0.70 ± 0.14 μg/ml; time of peak 1.43 ± 0.53 h. The absolute bioavailability of ITR oral solution after oral administration was 52.1 ± 11.6%. Conclusions and relevance The disposition of ITR oral solution in cats is characterised by a long terminal half-life, a short peak time and moderate bioavailability.
IL-17A, IL-22, and IL-23 as Markers of Psoriasis Activity
Authors: Fotiadou Christina , Lazaridou Elizabeth , Sotiriou Eleni , Gerou Spiridon , Kyrgidis Athanasios , Vakirlis Efstratios , Ioannides Demetris 
Published: April 2015

Introduction: T-helper 1 (Th1), Th17 cells, and their related cytokines are implicated in psoriasis pathogenesis although the contribution of each group of cytokines in psoriasis activity has not been fully clarified. Objectives: To investigate whether Th17-related cytokines are associated with psoriasis activity. Methods: The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, 6, 8, 17Α, 22, 23, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) were measured with flow cytometry in 35 patients with plaque psoriasis (21 with stable and 14 with active disease) and in 20 healthy controls. Results: Interleukin-6, 8, 17A, 22, 23, and TNFα were significantly elevated in psoriasis patients compared with controls. In the sensitivity analyses, patients with active disease showed significantly increased levels of IL-17A, IL-23, and IL-22 as compared to the group of patients with stable psoriasis. Conclusions: Our study highlights a possible crucial role of IL-17A, IL-22, and IL-23 in the activity of psoriasis and the early stages of the disease.
Video analysis in cross-cultural environments and methodological issues
Authors: Montandon Christiane 
Published: April 2015

This paper addresses the use of videography combined with group interviews, as a way to better understand the informal learnings of 11–12 year old children in cross-cultural encounters during French–German school exchanges. The complete, consistent video data required the researchers to choose the most significant sequences to highlight the processes by which the pupils communicated and expressed feelings and meanings within their experiences. The target of these paradigmatic situations was focused on two important questions relevant in the science of education: - First, an epistemological and ethical question arose about the relationship between the researchers and the subjects of the research: How could cooperative research with pupils be led so that they were considered actors within the situation, and could share with the researchers the meaning of what happened in their cross-cultural experience? - The second question arose from a methodological problem, which caused the researchers to develop a mixed apparatus involving a special recall technique using video data combined with group interviews to help the children remember what they were experiencing during the filmed interaction.
Potential for specific dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers to have a positive impact on cognitive function in humans: a systematic review
Authors: Peters Jean , Booth Andrew , Peters Ruth 
Published: April 2015

Background: There is some evidence to suggest a possible association between calcium channel blocker (CCB) use and a lower decline in cognitive function compared with use of other hypertensive treatments. In particular, there is an emerging interest in the potential for specific CCBs, particularly the dihydropyridine CCBs nitrendipine, nicardipine, cilnidipine, lercandipine, nimodipine, azelnidipine and nilvadipine. The aim of this review was to assess the evidence relating to these specific CCBs and incident cognitive decline or dementia in humans. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out. The databases MEDLINE, Embase and PsychINFO were searched from 1980 to 18 April 2014. All abstracts were reviewed by two independent reviewers. Results: From 753 unique records, 16 full text articles were examined and three retained. The three articles reported data from two studies. A 12-week double-blind randomized controlled trial of nitrendipine compared with cilazapril and a longer and larger double-blind placebo-controlled trial also of nitrendipine, namely the Systolic Hypertension in Europe trial (SYST-EUR). Nitrendipine was associated with a reduction in incident dementia in the SYST-EUR trial. There was no association seen for cognitive outcomes in the smaller trial. Conclusion: At present there is limited evidence to suggest that nitrendipine may be associated with reduction in incident dementia. This association comes from a single trial and needs to be replicated. Furthermore, there is no high-quality evidence for any of the other potential candidate CCBs.
The burden of primary headache disorders in Zambia: national estimates from a population-based door-to-door survey
Authors: Mbewe Edward , Zairemthiama Pachuau , Paul Ravi , Birbeck Gretchen L , Steiner Timothy J 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
Three headache disorders – migraine, tension-type headache (TTH) and medication-overuse headache (MOH) – are major contributors to population ill-health. Policy-makers need local knowledge of these to guide priority-setting. Earlier we reported the prevalence of these disorders in Zambia; here we describe the burdens attributable to them.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional population-based survey of adults aged 18-65 years, selected by cluster-randomized sampling in the mostly urban Lusaka Province and mostly rural Southern Province. Interviewers visiting households used a structured questionnaire. Diagnoses made algorithmically applied ICHD-II criteria. Burden enquiry focused on the previous 3 months and the day before interview. Disability was estimated by applying disability weights (DWs) from the Global Burden of Disease Survey 2010.

Results
From 1,134 households, 1,085 unrelated adults (450 male, 635 female) were interviewed (refusal rate 4.3%). The gender- and habitation-adjusted 1-year prevalence of migraine was 22.9%, of TTH 22.8%, of headache on ≥15 days/month 11.5%, of probable MOH (pMOH) 7.1%. Reported mean intensity of migraine attacks was 2.7, representing severe pain. People with migraine spent 10.0% of their time in the ictal state (DW: 0.433); they were therefore 4.3% disabled overall. Disability from TTH was much lower. People with pMOH (time with headache: 37.5%; DW: 0.220) were 8.3% disabled overall. Average lost productive time in the preceding 3 months for migraine was 4.1 days from work (6.3% loss) and 4.2 days (4.7% loss) from household work. Losses for pMOH were 4.8 days (7.4% loss) from work and 4.5 days (5.0% loss) from household work. In the population aged 18-65 years (effectively the working population), estimated disability from migraine was 0.98%, with 1.4% of workdays lost, and from pMOH was 0.59%, with 0.53% of workdays lost. Headache yesterday was reported by 28.3% of participants, whose average productivity yesterday was 55.9% of expectation.

Conclusions
Zambia loses 1.93% of GDP to headache, and action is required to mitigate this loss and the associated suffering. Structured headache services with their basis in primary care are the most efficient, effective, affordable and equitable solution. They could be implemented within the existing health-care infrastructure of Zambia. These matters require urgent political attention.
BMP2 gene delivery to bone mesenchymal stem cell by chitosan-g-PEI nonviral vector
Authors: Yue Jianhui , Wu Jun , Liu Di , Zhao Xiaoli , Lu William W 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Nanotechnology has made a significant impact on the development of nanomedicine. Nonviral vectors have been attracting more attention for the advantage of biosafety in gene delivery. Polyethylenimine (PEI)-conjugated chitosan (chitosan-g-PEI) emerged as a promising nonviral vector and has been demonstrated in many tumor cells. However, there is a lack of study focused on the behavior of this vector in stem cells which hold great potential in regenerative medicine. Therefore, in this study, in vitro gene delivering effect of chitosan-g-PEI was investigated in bone marrow stem cells. pIRES2-ZsGreen1-hBMP2 dual expression plasmid containing both the ZsGreen1 GFP reporter gene and the BMP2 functional gene was constructed for monitoring the transgene expression level. Chitosan-g-PEI-mediated gene transfer showed 17.2% of transfection efficiency and more than 80% of cell viability in stem cells. These values were higher than that of PEI. The expression of the delivered BMP2 gene in stem cells enhanced the osteogenic differentiation. These results demonstrated that chitosan-g-PEI is capable of applying in delivering gene to stem cells and providing potential applications in stem cell-based gene therapy.
Cloning-free CRISPR/Cas system facilitates functional cassette knock-in in mice
Authors: Aida Tomomi , Chiyo Keiho , Usami Takako , Ishikubo Harumi , Imahashi Risa , Wada Yusaku , Tanaka Kenji F , Sakuma Tetsushi , Yamamoto Takashi , Tanaka Kohichi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlthough the CRISPR/Cas system has enabled one-step generation of knockout mice, low success rates of cassette knock-in limit its application range. Here we show that cloning-free, direct nuclear delivery of Cas9 protein complex with chemically synthesized dual RNAs enables highly efficient target digestion, leading to generation of knock-in mice carrying a functional cassette with up to 50% efficiency, compared with just 10% by a commonly used method consisting of Cas9 mRNA and single guide RNA. Our cloning-free CRISPR/Cas system facilitates rapid one-step generation of cassette knock-in mice, accelerating functional genomic research by providing various in vivo genetic tools.
Defining functional signatures of dysbiosis in periodontitis progression
Authors: Wang Gary P 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPeriodontitis is a common inflammatory disease that leads to tooth loss and has been linked to cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. The periodontal microbiome is highly diverse, and metatranscriptomic studies have indicated that the genes that are expressed by the microbiota are more relevant than the microbial composition in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. A recent study of early metabolic activities in the dysbiotic microbiome reveals a functional signature that distinguishes periodontal sites that will become inflamed, supporting the idea that microbial communities as a whole drive disease progression.
Activation and regulation of the granulation tissue derived cells with stemness-related properties
Authors: Chen Zelin , Dai Tingyu , Chen Xia , Tan Li , Shi Chunmeng 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Skin as the largest and easily accessible organ of the body represents an abundant source of adult stem cells. Among them, dermal stem cells hold great promise in tissue repair and the skin granulation tissue has been recently proposed as a promising source of dermal stem cells, but their biological characteristics have not been well investigated.

Methods
The 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) lineage tracing approach was employed to chase dermal stem cells in vivo. Granulation tissue derived cells (GTCs) were isolated and their in vitro proliferation, self-renewing, migration, and multi-differentiation capabilities were assessed. Combined radiation and skin wound model was used to investigate the therapeutic effects of GTCs. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) antagomir was used to antagonize miR-21 expression. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were scavenged by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC).

Results
The quiescent dermal stem/progenitor cells were activated to proliferate upon injury and enriched in granulation tissues. GTCs exhibited enhanced proliferation, colony formation and multi-differentiation capacities. Topical transplantation of GTCs into the combined radiation and skin wound mice accelerated wound healing and reduced tissue fibrosis. Blockade of the miR-21 expression in GTCs inhibited cell migration and differentiation, but promoted cell proliferation and self-renewing at least partially via a ROS dependent pathway.

Conclusions
The granulation tissue may represent an alternative adult stem cell source in tissue replacement therapy and miR-21 mediated ROS generation negatively regulates the stemness-related properties of granulation tissue derived cells.
A generalized metric space and related fixed point theorems
Authors: Jleli Mohamed , Samet Bessem 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe introduce a new concept of generalized metric spaces for which we extend some well-known fixed point results including Banach contraction principle, Ćirić’s fixed point theorem, a fixed point result due to Ran and Reurings, and a fixed point result due to Nieto and Rodríguez-López. This new concept of generalized metric spaces recover various topological spaces including standard metric spaces, b-metric spaces, dislocated metric spaces, and modular spaces.
Overview of aluminum alloy mechanical properties during and after fires
Authors: Summers Patrick T , Chen Yanyun , Rippe Christian M , Allen Ben , Mouritz Adrian P , Case Scott W , Lattimer Brian Y 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAluminum alloys are increasingly being used in a broad spectrum of load-bearing applications such as lightweight structures, light rail, bridge decks, marine crafts, and off-shore platforms. A major concern in the design of land-based and marine aluminum structures is fire safety, at least in part due to mechanical property reduction at temperatures significantly lower than that for steel. A substantial concern also exists regarding the integrity and stability of an aluminum structure following a fire; however, little research has been reported on this topic. This paper provides a broad overview of the mechanical behavior of aluminum alloys both during and following fire. The two aluminum alloys discussed in this work, 5083-H116 and 6061-T651, were selected due to their prevalence as lightweight structural alloys and their differing strengthening mechanisms (5083 – strain hardened, 6061 – precipitation hardened). The high temperature quasi-static mechanical and creep behavior are discussed. A creep model is presented to predict the secondary and tertiary creep strains followed by creep rupture. The residual mechanical behavior following fire (with and without applied stress) is elucidated in terms of the governing kinetically-dependent microstructural mechanisms. A review is provided on modeling techniques for residual mechanical behavior following fire including empirical relations, physically-based constitutive models, and finite element implementations. The principal objective is to provide a comprehensive description of select aluminum alloys, 5083-H116 and 6061-T651, to aid design and analysis of aluminum structures during and after fire.