bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of AF6 PDZ‐Mediated Protein–Protein Interactions
Authors: Vargas Carolyn , Radziwill Gerald , Krause Gerd , Diehl Anne , Keller Sandro , Kamdem Nestor , Czekelius Constantin , Kreuchwig Annika , Schmieder Peter , Doyle Declan , Moelling Karin , Hagen Volker , Schade Markus , Oschkinat Hartmut 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPDZ (PSD‐95, Dlg, ZO‐1) domains are ubiquitous interaction modules that are involved in many cellular signal transduction pathways. Interference with PDZ‐mediated protein–protein interactions has important implications in disease‐related signaling processes. For this reason, PDZ domains have gained attention as potential targets for inhibitor design and, in the long run, drug development. Herein we report the development of small molecules to probe the function of the PDZ domain from human AF6 (ALL1‐fused gene from chromosome 6), which is an essential component of cell–cell junctions. These compounds bind to AF6 PDZ with substantially higher affinity than the peptide (Ile‐Gln‐Ser‐Val‐Glu‐Val) derived from its natural ligand, EphB2. In intact cells, the compounds inhibit the AF6–Bcr interaction and interfere with epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐dependent signaling.
Elevated hyaluronan and hyaluronan‐mediated motility receptor are associated with biochemical failure in patients with intermediate‐grade prostate tumors
Authors: Rizzardi Anthony E. , Vogel Rachel Isaksson , Koopmeiners Joseph S. , Forster Colleen L. , Marston Lauren O. , Rosener Nikolaus K. , Akentieva Natalia , Price Matthew A. , Metzger Gregory J. , Warlick Christopher A. , Henriksen Jonathan C. , Turley Eva A. , McCarthy James B. , Schmechel Stephen C. 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUNDThe clinical course of prostate cancer (PCa) measured by biochemical failure (BF) after prostatectomy remains unpredictable in many patients, particularly in intermediate Gleason score (GS) 7 tumors, suggesting that identification of molecular mechanisms associated with aggressive PCa biology may be exploited for improved prognostication or therapy. Hyaluronan (HA) is a high molecular weight polyanionic carbohydrate produced by synthases (HAS1 through HAS3) and fragmented by oxidative/nitrosative stress and hyaluronidases (HYAL1 through HYAL4, SPAM1) common in PCa microenvironments. HA and HA fragments interact with receptors CD44 and hyaluronan‐mediated motility receptor (HMMR), resulting in increased tumor aggressiveness in experimental PCa models. This study evaluated the association of HA‐related molecules with BF after prostatectomy in GS7 tumors.METHODSTissue microarrays were constructed from a 96‐patient cohort. HA histochemistry and HAS2, HYAL1, CD44, CD44v6, and HMMR immunohistochemistry were quantified using digital pathology techniques.RESULTSHA in tumor‐associated stroma and HMMR in malignant epithelium were significantly and marginally significantly associated with time to BF in univariate analysis, respectively. After adjusting for clinicopathologic features, both HA in tumor‐associated stroma and HMMR in malignant epithelium were significantly associated with time to BF. Although not significantly associated with BF, HAS2 and HYAL1 positively correlated with HMMR in malignant epithelium. Cell culture assays demonstrated that HMMR bound native and fragmented HA, promoted HA uptake, and was required for a promigratory response to fragmented HA.CONCLUSIONSHA and HMMR are factors associated with time to BF in GS7 tumors, suggesting that increased HA synthesis and fragmentation within the tumor microenvironment stimulates aggressive PCa behavior through HA‐HMMR signaling. Cancer 2014;120:1800–1809. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
The use and effectiveness of rituximab maintenance in patients with follicular lymphoma diagnosed between 2004 and 2007 in the United States
Authors: Nastoupil Loretta J. , Sinha Rajni , Byrtek Michelle , Zhou Xiaolei , Taylor Michael D. , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Link Brian K. , Cerhan James R. , Dawson Keith , Flowers Christopher R. 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUNDThe authors examined the “real‐world” effectiveness of rituximab (R) maintenance therapy (R‐maintenance) compared with observation after R‐based induction therapy in patients with previously untreated follicular lymphoma (FL) in the United States.METHODSThe National LymphoCare Study is a prospective, multicenter, observational study that enrolled > 2700 untreated patients with FL diagnosed from 2004 to 2007 at 265 sites in the United States. Among these, patients who achieved at least stable disease after R‐based induction therapy were eligible for the current analysis. Patients who initiated R‐maintenance within 215 days of completing induction therapy were categorized as the R‐maintenance group, and those who did not initiate therapy during this period were categorized as the observation group. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of R‐maintenance on progression‐free survival (PFS), time to next treatment (TTNT), and overall survival (OS).RESULTSA total of 1439 patients completed R‐based induction therapy, 1186 of whom met all inclusion criteria (541 patients received R‐maintenance and 645 patients were observed). Characteristics that were found to be predictive of receiving R‐maintenance were histology grade (1/2), Ann Arbor stage of disease (III/IV), geographic region (region other than the West), and practice setting (community practice). With a median follow‐up of 5.7 years, R‐maintenance was associated with superior PFS (hazards ratio [HR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.56‐0.84 [P = .0003]) and TTNT (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.52‐0.84 [P = .0007]). No significant difference in OS was observed (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.58‐1.14 [P = .23]).CONCLUSIONSR‐maintenance in patients with FL and at least stable disease after R‐based induction therapy provided significantly longer PFS and TTNT in comparison with observation, but no significant difference in OS was observed with 5‐years of follow‐up. This comparative effectiveness study aligns with the results of randomized trials suggesting that similar outcomes occur with R‐maintenance in FL with the treatment variations observed in clinical practice. Cancer 2014;120:1830–1837. © 2014 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
The Pt‐Enriched PtNi Alloy Surface and its Excellent Catalytic Performance in Hydrolytic Hydrogenation of Cellulose
Authors: Liang Guanfeng , He Limin , Arai Masahiko , Zhao Fengyu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNi‐based catalysts are currently a subject of intense research in the hydrolytic hydrogenation of cellulose. We previously reported that Ni/ZSM‐5 catalyst gave high yield of hexitols. However, Ni‐based catalysts suffered fast deactivation in hot‐compressed water. In this follow‐up study we designed highly active Ni‐based bimetallic catalysts with excellent hydrothermal stability for the hydrolytic hydrogenation of microcrystalline cellulose. PtNi/ZSM‐5 shows a 76.9 % yield of hexitols, which is the best obtained so far in the hydrolytic hydrogenation of microcrystalline cellulose over Ni‐based catalysts. Furthermore, the yield of hexitols remained greater than 55 % after the catalyst was reused for 4 times. The results showed that PtNi nanoparticles were formed with a Pt‐enriched alloy surface as confirmed by XRD, H2‐TPR (temperature‐programmed H2 reduction), XPS (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy), and H2‐TPD (temperature‐programmed H2 desorption). The surface features of these nano‐particles were characterized by CO‐TPD (temperature‐programmed CO desorption), CO‐FTIR (CO adsorption FTIR spectroscopy), HRTEM (high resolution TEM), and O2‐TPO (temperature programmed oxidation) and this special surface structure may be responsible for the high activity, selectivity, and stability in the hydrolytic hydrogenation of cellulose in hot‐compressed water.
Selective Glycerol Oxidation by Electrocatalytic Dehydrogenation
Authors: Kim Hyung Ju , Lee Jechan , Green Sara K. , Huber George W. , Kim Won Bae 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis study demonstrates that an electrochemical dehydrogenation process can be used to oxidize glycerol to glyceraldehyde and glyceric acid even without using stoichiometric chemical oxidants. A glyceric acid selectivity of 87.0 % at 91.8 % glycerol conversion was obtained in an electrocatalytic batch reactor. A continuous‐flow electrocatalytic reactor had over an 80 % high glyceric acid selectivity at 10 % glycerol conversion, as well as greater reaction rates than either an electrocatalytic or a conventional catalytic batch reactor.
Hydrophobia of gymnosperms: myth or reality? A global analysis
Authors: Kozlowski Gregor , Stoffel Markus , Bétrisey Sébastien , Cardinaux Léonard , Mota Matteo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAccording to the classical textbooks, the gymnosperms are the only seed plants without aquatic species. Recently, however, a set of virtually complete compilations on gymnosperms has been published, enabling a new evaluation of the putative hydrophobia of gymnosperms. This synthesis aims at portraying the relation of all extant gymnosperm species to aquatic and wetland habitats. We present a database of all 986 extant gymnosperm species with their ecological characteristics including 291 cycads, 80 gnetophytes, one ginkgophyte and 614 conifers. We define four categories reflecting the level of hydrophobia and hydrophily of all species and their possible adaptation to wetlands and/or aquatic habitats. Eighty‐two percent (805) of the extant species of gymnosperms are clearly hydrophobic, but 18% (180) are classified as hydrophilic. The podocarp Retrophyllum minus is the only obligate inhabitant of aquatic habitats. This contribution classifies gymnosperms into four categories in reference to their physiological and morphological adaptation to a moisture gradient. It relativizes the putative hydrophobia of gymnosperms and provides new perspectives for research on gymnosperms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tracking sediment provenance and erosional evolution of the western Greater Caucasus
Authors: Vezzoli Giovanni , Garzanti Eduardo , Vincent Stephen J. , Andò Sergio , Carter Andrew , Resentini Alberto 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis article investigates landscape characteristics and sediment composition in the western Greater Caucasus by using multiple methods at different timescales. Our ultimate goal is to compare short‐term versus long‐term trends in erosional processes and to reconstruct spatio‐temporal changes in sediment fluxes as controlled by partitioning of crustal shortening and rock uplift in the orogenic belt. Areas of active recent uplift are assessed by quantitative geomorphological techniques [digital elevation model (DEM) analysis of stream profiles and their deviation from equilibrium] and compared with regions of rapid exhumation over longer time intervals as previously determined by fission‐track and cosmogenic‐nuclide analyses. Complementary information from petrographic and heavy‐mineral analyses of modern sands and ancient sandstones is used to evaluate erosion integrated throughout the history of the orogen. River catchments displaying the highest relief, as shown by channel‐steepness indices, correspond with the areas of most rapid exhumation as outlined by thermochronological data. The region of high stream gradients is spatially associated with the highest topography around Mount Elbrus, where sedimentary cover strata have long been completely eroded and river sediments display the highest metamorphic indices and generally high heavy‐mineral concentrations. This study reinforces the suggestion that the bedrock–channel network can reveal much of the evolution of tectonically active landscapes, and implies that the controls on channel gradient ultimately dictate the topography and the relief along the Greater Caucasus. Our integrated datasets, obtained during a decade of continuing research, display a general agreement and regularity of erosion patterns through time, and consistently indicate westward decreasing rates of erosional unroofing from the central part of the range to the Black Sea. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors affecting rill erosion of unpaved loess roads in China
Authors: Cao Longxi , Zhang Keli , Liang Yin 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis study explores factors that affect road surface erosion in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau. Global positioning system (GPS)‐assisted field surveys and geographical information system methods were applied. The results show that road surface rills in the watershed are more easily formed on main roads, which are disturbed by intensive human activities. Secondary unpaved road networks occupied the largest road surface area and contributed 49% of the total road surface rill volumes. Spatial analysis reveals that roads near residential areas or leading to other human‐disturbed land‐use types are at high risk of soil loss. In each road segment, slope gradient, road segment length and drainage area have impacts on surface rill formation and development. Among these factors, slope gradients have been verified as a controlling factor of rill erosion intensification. Both road segment length (R = 0.83,N = 82) and drainage area (R = 0.72 for road segment and 0.76 for upslope drainage areas,N = 82) significantly influence total road surface rill volumes. The interaction variable of road segment length multiplied by slope is more closely correlated with road segment soil loss than that of the independent variables alone. Linear equations composed of slope gradient, road segment length and upslope drainage area are proposed. The new equation performs much better at predicting surface soil loss from secondary road segments compared with the previous models, which have not considered upslope drainage areas. The relationships and equations from this study will be helpful for road erosion evaluation in a small watershed of the study area. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social support in late life mania: GERI‐BD
Authors: Beyer John L. , Greenberg Rebecca L. , Marino Patricia , Bruce Martha L. , Al Jurdi Rayan K. , Sajatovic Martha , Gyulai Laszlo , Mulsant Benoit H. , Gildengers Ariel , Young Robert C. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveUsing the database of the National Institute of Mental Health‐sponsored acute treatment of late life mania study (GERI‐BD), we assessed the role of social support in the presentation of late life bipolar mania.MethodsIn the first 100 subjects randomized in geriatric BD, we explored the demographic, clinical, and social support characteristics (assessed using the Duke Social Support Index) and aspects of manic presentation. We selected two dependent variables: symptom severity, as determined by the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) at baseline, and duration of episode. We selected nine potential independent variables on the basis of Pearson correlation coefficients. We derived two final models using multiple regression analysis employing an iterative process.ResultsIn our severity model, being married was associated with a higher YMRS score (p = 0.05), whereas higher social interaction scores with non‐family members were associated with a lower YMRS score (p = 0.011). In the episode duration model, longer duration was associated with a higher Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score (p = 0.03) and higher social interaction scores with non‐family members (p = 0.0003), younger age (p = 0.04), higher number of persons in one's family social network (p = 0.017), and higher instrumental support scores (p = 0.0062).ConclusionsIn late life mania, more social interaction with one's community appears to be associated with less severe symptoms at presentation for treatment, however, it can also be associated with slightly longer the duration of episode. Two aspects of the Duke Social Support Index are associated with a shorter episode duration prior to seeking treatment: being part of a larger family network and a having a higher level of instrumental support prior to treatment. The Instrumental Support Subscale measures the degree of assistance that is available for the respondent in performing daily tasks. These findings suggest that in older adults with BD, close social interactions and support are important in limiting the length of the illness episode prior to treatment. Social interactions involving non‐family members may be less important in moderating the intensity of the symptoms at presentation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attention‐network specific alterations of structural connectivity in the undamaged white matter in acute neglect
Authors: Umarova Roza M. , Reisert Marco , Beier Tanja‐Ute , Kiselev Valerij G. , Klöppel Stefan , Kaller Christoph P. , Glauche Volkmar , Mader Irina , Beume Lena , Hennig Jürgen , Weiller Cornelius 
Published: March 2014

AbstractVisual neglect results from dysfunction within the spatial attention network. The structural connectivity in undamaged brain tissue in neglect has barely been investigated until now. In the present study, we explored the microstructural white matter characteristics of the contralesional hemisphere in relation to neglect severity and recovery in acute stroke patients. We compared age‐matched healthy subjects and three groups of acute stroke patients (9 ± 0.5 days after stroke): (i) patients with nonrecovered neglect (n = 12); (ii) patients with rapid recovery from initial neglect (within the first week post‐stroke,n = 7), (iii) stroke patients without neglect (n = 17). We analyzed the differences between groups in grey and white matter density and fractional anisotropy (FA) and used fiber tracking to identify the affected fibers. Patients with nonrecovered neglect differed from those with rapid recovery by FA‐reduction in the left inferior parietal lobe. Fibers passing through this region connect the left‐hemispheric analogues of the ventral attention system. Compared with healthy subjects, neglect patients with persisting neglect had FA‐reduction in the left superior parietal lobe, optic radiation, and left corpus callosum/cingulum. Fibers passing through these regions connect centers of the left dorsal attention system. FA‐reduction in the identified regions correlated with neglect severity. The study shows for the first time white matter changes within the spatial attention system remote from the lesion and correlating with the extent and persistence of neglect. The data support the concept of neglect as disintegration within the whole attention system and illustrate the dynamics of structural‐functional correlates in acute stroke.Hum Brain Mapp 35:4678–4692, 2014. ©2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rafting the River: A Risk Management Expert System for Dynamic Problem Solving
Authors: Bimson Kent D. , Burris Linda Boehm , Terrel James A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCommercial project management systems focus on preproject planning and after‐the‐fact documentation, but not on the dynamic problem solving required in day‐to‐day project management. Yet the need for risk‐oriented management is clear. To understand and control project risks, managers must be able to identify problems as they occur, immediately assess their downstream impacts, and plan a course of action. The Advanced Risk Management System (ARMS) is a prototype system built to address the issues of identifying, analyzing, prioritizing, monitoring, and controlling project risk. ARMS uses expert systems, data base management, and hypermedia technologies to capture and classify project schedule problems, to determine their semantic impacts to future activities, and to alert appropriate project personnel in advance of problem occurrence.
FRACAS: A Computerized Aid for Reasoning in Tax
Authors: Jacob Varghese S. , Turner Joanne H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractProblem solving in the tax domain requires two kinds of knowledge: of the law itself and of how the law has been applied in the past. The need for the second factor arises as a result of the ambiguity of natural language. The problem solver requires information on how the courts have adjudicated specific cases in the past. This information would then provide the basis for reasoning about the current case. In this paper we address the issue of developing a system which will retrieve relevant historical cases. The cases are stored using a frame representation scheme and the users can retrieve cases by specifying either attributes alone or attributes and values associated with them. Currently the system has been implemented in Pascal on a Cray. The case base contains 250 cases relating to Section 183 of the tax code.
A Global Approach to Identifying Expert System Applications in Compensation Practice
Authors: Michaelsen Robert H. , Bayer Frieda A. , Swigger Kathleen M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper reports the results of a study to determine the most cost‐effective expert system application for the compensation practice of a large employee benefits consulting firm. The purpose of the expert system would be to help assure quality and consistency in practice and to assist in the training of less experienced experts. The study utilized a questionnaire to solicit input from experts in several locations. The questionnaire included a comprehensive listing of firm compensation tasks. Evaluation characteristics selected for the study emphasized business‐related characteristics. Because of adverse economic circumstances in the consulting firm, the decision concerning an initial expert systems application was deferred.
Integration of Intelligent Systems and Conventional Systems: Requirements for Co‐ordinating Multiple Agents for Diagnostic Decisions
Authors: O'Leary Daniel E. , Watkins Paul R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper describes the development of an integrated intelligent (expert) system and conventional information system to support decision making of a diagnostic decision in a multi‐agent environment. It argues that many a priori requirements for the information system can be elicited by accounting for the specific nature of the diagnostic decision and for the single/multiple‐actor environment. This finding is generalized to a framework that indicates that a priori requirements take into account the basic theories on which the information system supporting the decision task is ultimately based. In particular, attention is focused on the nature of the task (e.g. diagnostic), whether the application is for a single‐ or multiple‐agent situation and the nature of the multi‐agent structure (e.g. product or functional form of organization).
Assisting Inexperienced Accountants in Developing Financial Statements
Authors: Back B. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFinnish accounting regulation allows firms a lot of discretion in affecting net profit, e.g. via tax depreciation on fixed assets and changes in untaxed reserves. The Tax Authorities use the net profit as a basis when calculating taxes for the period. This means that tax planning plays a central role in developing financial statements. The planning requires a lot of expertise and is often a difficult and time‐consuming task, especially for less experienced accountants. The author has built a knowledge‐based system to aid in developing the financial statements for limited companies. The usability of the system for inexperienced accountants has been tested and the system and the test conducted is described. The results of the test show that the system is of considerable help for inexperienced accountants.
The Uses of Advanced Information Technology in Audit Planning
Authors: Murphy David , Brown Carol E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractExpert systems, intelligent databases and other forms of advanced information technology are quickly becoming pervasive tools in accounting and auditing. All the major public accounting firms are either using such systems in their auditing practice or have them under development. This paper describes the use of several systems used for audit planning. These are divided into three functional areas: audit risk assessment, internal control evaluation and audit program development. The advantages and disadvantages of these systems as they relate to auditing are discussed.