bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilisierung von Bauteilen durch Sandwichelemente
Authors: Käpplein Saskia , Ummenhofer Thomas , Berner Klaus 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAufgrund ihrer großen Schubsteifigkeit in Plattenebene können Sandwichelemente ihre Unterkonstruktion, z. B. Pfetten und Wandriegel, gegen seitliches Ausweichen stabilisieren. Bisher fehlen jedoch praxistaugliche Grundlagen zur Ermittlung der Schubsteifigkeit der Sandwichelemente, die es ermöglichen, den Stabilisierungseffekt rechnerisch z. B. bei der Bemessung von Pfetten zu berücksichtigen, wie es bei Trapez‐ und Kassettenprofilen üblich ist. Im Aufsatz wird ein Berechnungsverfahren vorgestellt, mit dem die zur Stabilisierung der Unterkonstruktion zur Verfügung stehende Schubsteifigkeit der Sandwichelemente ermittelt werden kann. Aus der Stabilisierung resultieren planmäßige zusätzliche Kräfte in den Verbindungen zwischen Sandwichelement und Unterkonstruktion. Die Ermittlung dieser Beanspruchungen wird erläutert, um eine entsprechende Bemessung der Verbindungen durchführen zu können.Stabilization of the substructure by sandwich panels. Because of their high in‐plane shear stiffness sandwich panels can stabilize their substructure, e. g. purlins and bay rails. But until now, there is a lack of clear design rules, which allow to determine the shear stiffness and to consider the stabilizing effect in the design of the substructure, as it is common practice for trapezoidal and cassette profiles. The present paper introduces a calculation procedure to determine the shear stiffness available for stabilization. Stabilization of the substructure causes additional forces in the fastenings between sandwich panel and substructure. The determination of these forces is also explained so that the fastenings can be designed properly.
Cultural emergence: Theorizing culture in and from the margins of science education
Authors: Wood Nathan Brent , Erichsen Elizabeth Anne , Anicha Cali L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis special issue of the Journal of Research in Science Teaching seeks to explore conceptualizations of culture that address contemporary challenges in science education. Toward this end, we unite two theoretical perspectives to advance a conceptualization of culture as a complex system, emerging from iterative processes of cultural bricolage, that is, a cyclic (re)application, and adaptation via approximation, of cultural tools to contexts as they uniquely arise. This conception of culture provides a means for transmission of culture from one individual to another, but it also allows for substantial diversity of individual perspectives within a cultural group in ways that supra‐individual conceptions of culture do not. What is more, this diversity of individuals provides a mechanism for cultural evolution and simultaneously allows for an individual to be shaped by culture and culture to be shaped by the individual. Culture, in this conception, is understood to be an emergent phenomenon, built up from iterative application of cultural software. Implications are considered with respect to further development toward a theoretical framework; educational research agenda and methodology; and education policy—particularly in the context of science education. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50:122–136, 2013
Transitioning students out of college: The senior LC in psychology at Wagner College
Authors: Nolan Laurence J. , Jenkins Steve M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis chapter describes the senior learning community in psychology at Wagner College, which is an example of a discipline‐specific curriculum‐based learning community (LC). This LC acts both as a capstone to the undergraduate experience and as a transition for students from college to career. We describe the components of the LC, their development, our attempts to integrate them, and how they might be applied in other intradisciplinary LCs.
Residential learning communities centered within a discipline: The Psychology Early Awareness Program
Authors: Grills Cheryl N. , Fingerhut Adam W. , Thadani Vandana , Machón Ricardo Arturo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis chapter describes the Psychology Early Awareness Program (PEAP) at Loyola Marymount University, a residential learning community centered within a discipline. We discuss the theory that supports the value of living‐learning communities, describe how this guided the development of PEAP, and summarize the benefits of this approach.
Virtual learning communities centered within a discipline: Future directions
Authors: Blanchard Anita L. , Cook James R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractVirtual learning communities (VLCs) provide a new vehicle
for creating connections among stakeholders within academic disciplines and departments. This chapter describes the innovative use of information and computer technology (ICT) to create VLCs that can extend and enhance the impact of the traditional face‐to‐face learning communities described in preceding chapters.
Patient Satisfaction, Chronic Pain, and Functional Status following Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair
Authors: Liang Mike K. , Clapp Marissa , Li Linda T. , Berger Rachel L. , Hicks Stephanie C. , Awad Samir 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundVentral hernia repairs are one of the most common surgeries performed. Symptoms are the most common motivation for repair. Unfortunately, outcomes of repair are typically measured in recurrence and infection rather than patient focused results. We correlated factors associated with decreased patient satisfaction, chronic pain, and diminished functional status following laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR)MethodsA retrospective study of 201 patients from two affiliated institutions was performed. Patient satisfaction, chronic abdominal pain, pain scores, and Activities Assessment Scale results were obtained in 122 patients. Results were compared with univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsThirty‐two (25.4 %) patients were dissatisfied with their LVHR while 21 (17.2 %) patients had chronic abdominal pain and 32 (26.2 %) patients had poor functional status following LVHR. Decreased patient satisfaction was associated with perception of poor cosmetic outcome (OR 17.3), eventration (OR 10.2), and chronic pain (OR 1.4). Chronic abdominal pain following LVHR was associated with incisional hernia (OR 9.0), recurrence (OR 4.3), eventration (OR 6.0), mesh type (OR 1.9), or ethnicity (OR 0.10). Decreased functional status with LVHR was associated with mesh type used (OR 3.7), alcohol abuse (OR 3.4), chronic abdominal pain (OR 1.3), and age (OR 1.1).ConclusionsOne‐fourth of patients have poor quality outcome following LVHR. These outcomes are affected by perception of cosmesis, eventration, chronic pain, hernia type, recurrence, mesh type, and patient characteristics/co‐morbidities. Closing central defects and judicious mesh selection may improve patient satisfaction and function. Focus on patient‐centered outcomes is warranted.
Transient epileptiform signaling during neuronal network development: regulation by external stimulation and bimodal GABAergic activity
Authors: Zemianek Jill M. , Shultz Abraham M. , Lee Sangmook , Guaraldi Mary , Yanco Holly A. , Shea Thomas B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA predominance of excitatory activity, with protracted appearance of inhibitory activity, accompanies cortical neuronal development. It is unclear whether or not inhibitory neuronal activity is solicited exclusively by excitatory neurons or whether the transient excitatory activity displayed by developing GABAergic neurons contributes to an excitatory threshold that fosters their conversion to inhibitory activity. We addressed this possibility by culturing murine embryonic neurons on multi‐electrode arrays. A wave of individual 0.2–0.4 mV signals (“spikes”) appeared between approx. 20–30 days in culture, then declined. A transient wave of high amplitude (>0.5 mV) epileptiform activity coincided with the developmental decline in spikes. Bursts (clusters of ≥3 low‐amplitude spikes within 0.7 s prior to returning to baseline) persisted following this decline.Addition of the GABAergic antagonist bicuculline initially had no effect on signaling, consistent with delayed development of GABAergic synapses. This was followed by a period in which bicuculline inhibited overall signaling, confirming that GABAergic neurons initially display excitatory activity in ex vivo networks. Following the transient developmental wave of epileptiform signaling, bicuculline induced a resurgence of epileptiform signaling, indicating that GABAergic neurons at this point displayed inhibitory activity. The appearance of transition after the developmental and decline of epileptiform activity, rather than immediately after the developmental decline in lower‐amplitude spikes, suggests that the initial excitatory activity of GABAergic neurons contributes to their transition into inhibitory neurons, and that inhibitory GABAergic activity is essential for network development.Prior studies indicate that a minority (25%) of neurons in these cultures were GABAergic, suggesting that inhibitory neurons regulate multiple excitatory neurons. A similar robust increase in signaling following cessation of inhibitory activity in an artificial neural network containing 20% inhibitory neurons supported this conclusion. Even a minor perturbation in GABAergic function may therefore foster initiation and/or amplification of seizure activity, as well as perturbations in long‐term potentiation.
Epigenetic control of neurotransmitter expression in olfactory bulb interneurons
Authors: Banerjee Kasturi , Akiba Yosuke , Baker Harriet , Cave John W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDefining the molecular mechanisms that underlie development and maintenance of neuronal phenotypic diversity in the CNS is a fundamental challenge in developmental neurobiology. The vast majority of olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons are GABAergic and this neurotransmitter phenotype is specified in migrating neuroblasts by transcription of either or both glutamic acid decarboxylase 1 (Gad1) and Gad2. A subset of OB interneurons also co‐express dopamine, but transcriptional repression of tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) suppresses the dopaminergic phenotype until these neurons terminally differentiate. In mature OB interneurons, GABA and dopamine levels are modulated by odorant‐induced synaptic activity‐dependent regulation of Gad1 and Th transcription. The molecular mechanisms that specify and maintain the GABAergic and dopaminergic phenotypes in the OB are not clearly delineated. In this report, we review previous studies and present novel findings that provide insight into the contribution of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms for controlling expression of these neurotransmitter phenotypes in the OB. We show that HDAC enzymes suppress the dopaminergic phenotype in migrating neuroblasts by repressing Th transcription. In the mature interneurons, both Th and Gad1 transcription levels are modulated by synaptic activity‐dependent recruitment of acetylated Histone H3 on both the Th and Gad1 proximal promoters. We also show that HDAC2 has the opposite transcriptional response to odorant‐induced synaptic activity when compared to Th and Gad1. These findings suggest that HDAC2 mediates, in part, the activity‐dependent chromatin remodeling of the Th and Gad1 proximal promoters in mature OB interneurons.
Evolution ofScaphinotus petersi(Coleoptera: Carabidae) and the role of climate and geography in the Madrean sky islands of southeastern Arizona, USA
Authors: Mitchell Sara Gran , Ober Karen A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGeographically isolated environments such as the conifer forests atop the Madrean “sky islands” in southeastern Arizona provide natural laboratories for studying factors involved in speciation and origins of biodiversity. Using molecular and geospatial analyses, we examine beetle population phylogeny, regional climate records, and the Quaternary paleobiogeography of forests to evaluate four hypothetical scenarios regarding the current geographic and population genetic patterns ofScaphinotus petersi.Scaphinotus petersiis a large, flightless beetle that resides in the Madrean conifer forests above ~ 1900 m asl. Our results do not support the current hypothesis thatS.petersipopulations found on seven separate mountain ranges are genetically distinct and separated as temperatures warmed after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Rather, we show that only some of the ranges hold genetically distinct populations, and the timing of separation among the populations does not appear to coincide with specific climatic events such as warming trends. In addition, we show that predicted changes to the climate of the Madrean sky islands may result in the disappearance ofS.petersifrom some of the lower ranges by the end of this century.
Measuring the Curie temperature
Authors: Fabian K. , Shcherbakov V. P. , McEnroe S. A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCurie point temperatures (TC) of natural and synthetic magnetic materials are commonly determined in rock magnetism by several measurement methods that can be mutually incompatible and may lead to inconsistent results. Here the common evaluation routines for high‐temperature magnetization and magnetic initial susceptibility curves are analyzed and revised based on Landau's theory of second‐order phase transitions. It is confirmed that in high‐field magnetization curves TC corresponds to the inflection point, below the temperature of maximum curvature or the double‐tangent intersection point. At least four different physical processes contribute to the initial magnetic susceptibility near the ordering temperature. They include variation of saturation magnetization, superparamagnetic behavior, magnetization rotation, and magnetic domain wall motion. Because each of these processes may influence the apparent position of TC, initial susceptibility and high‐field curves can yield deviating estimates of TC. A new procedure is proposed to efficiently determine the temperature variation of several magnetic parameters on a vibrating‐sample magnetometer, by repeatedly measuring quarter‐hysteresis loops during a single heating cycle. This procedure takes measurements during the inevitable waiting time necessary for thermal equilibration of the sample, whereby it is not slower than the commonly performed measurements on a Curie balance. However, it returns saturation magnetization, saturation remanence, high‐field and low‐field slopes, and other parameters as a function of temperature, which provide independent information about TC and other sample properties.
Simulated decadal variability of the meridional overturning circulation across the A25‐Ovide section
Authors: Desbruyères Damien , Thierry Virginie , Mercier Herlé 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDecadal changes of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) at the A25‐Ovide section between Portugal and Greenland are investigated in a numerical simulation forced by atmospheric reanalysis data for the period 1965–2004. The intensity, composition, and structure of the upper MOC limb are assessed using a Lagrangian analysis tool. Its mean transport is fed by water masses of two distinct origins: the subtropics and the Labrador Sea. Two vertical overturning cells are consequently identified: a subtropical cell connecting low and high latitudes (12 Sv, 1 Sv = 106 m3 s–1) and a cell internal to the subpolar gyre (4 Sv). The decadal MOC variability is associated with synchronized transport changes of the subtropical and subpolar inflow within the North Atlantic Current (NAC). The varying strength of the MOC is further related to changes in the upper horizontal transport distribution. When the MOC is in a strong phase (early 1990s), the northern branch of the NAC in the Iceland Basin is strong while the southern branch at the Rockall Trough entrance is relatively weak. The inverse situation holds for a persistent weak MOC state (1970s). Contrary to the conclusions of earlier studies, variability in the strength and shape of the subpolar gyre does not stand as the main driver of the changing NAC structure, which is largely induced by the horizontal variability of the subtropical inflow. Additionally, the recently shown intrusion of subtropical waters into the northeastern Atlantic (late 1960s, early 1980s, and 2000s) are shown to primarily occur during periods of weak MOC circulation at A25‐Ovide.
Persistent Organic Pollutants in Juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Columbia River Basin: Implications for Stock Recovery
Authors: Johnson Lyndal , Anulacion Bernadita , Arkoosh Mary , Olson O. Paul , Sloan Catherine , Sol Sean Y. , Spromberg Julann , Teel David J. , Yanagida Gladys , Ylitalo Gina 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAmong the populations of Pacific salmon and steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous Rainbow Trout) that inhabit the Columbia River basin there are currently 13 Evolutionarily Significant Units listed as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. While habitat loss, dams, overharvest, and climate change have been implicated in declining abundance of Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha in the Columbia River, chemical contaminants represent an additional, yet poorly understood, conservation threat. In this study we measured concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in juvenile Chinook Salmon from various Columbia River stocks and life history types to evaluate the potential for adverse effects in these threatened and endangered fish. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs), recognized contaminants of concern in the Columbia basin, are the primary focus of this paper; other contaminants found in these fish, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are described in other publications. We frequently detected PCBs and DDTs in juvenile salmon and salmon diet samples from the lower Columbia River and estuary. In some cases, concentrations in salmon were above estimated thresholds for effects on growth and survival. The tidal freshwater portion of the estuary, between Portland, Oregon, and Longview, Washington, appeared to be an important source of contaminants for juvenile salmon and a region in which salmon were exposed to toxicants associated with urban development and industrial activity. Highest concentrations of PCBs were found in fall Chinook Salmon stocks with subyearling life histories, including populations from the upper Columbia and Snake rivers, which feed and rear in the tidal freshwater and estuarine portions of the river for extended periods. Spring Chinook Salmon stocks with yearling life histories that migrate more rapidly through the estuary generally had low PCB concentrations, but high concentrations of DDTs. Lipid content was low (<1%) in many of the fish examined, contributing to high lipid‐adjusted contaminants concentrations in some samples.
The SWI2/SNF2 Chromatin Remodeling ATPase BRAHMA Represses Abscisic Acid Responses in the Absence of the Stress Stimulus inArabidopsis
Authors: Han Soon-Ki , Sang Yi , Rodrigues Americo ,   BIOL425 F2010, Wu Miin-Feng , Rodriguez Pedro L. , Wagner Doris 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe survival of plants as sessile organisms depends on their ability to cope with environmental challenges. Of key importance in this regard is the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). ABA not only promotes seed dormancy but also triggers growth arrest in postgermination embryos that encounter water stress. This is accompanied by increased desiccation tolerance. Postgermination ABA responses in Arabidopsis thaliana are mediated in large part by the ABA-induced basic domain/leucine zipper transcription factor ABA INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5). Here, we show that loss of function of the SWI2/SNF2 chromatin remodeling ATPase BRAHMA (BRM) causes ABA hypersensitivity during postgermination growth arrest. ABI5 expression was derepressed in brm mutants in the absence of exogenous ABA and accumulated to high levels upon ABA sensing. This effect was likely direct; chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed BRM binding to the ABI5 locus. Moreover, loss of BRM activity led to destabilization of a nucleosome likely to repress ABI5 transcription. Finally, the abi5 null mutant was epistatic to BRM in postgermination growth arrest. In addition, vegetative growth defects typical of brm mutants in the absence of ABA treatment could be partially overcome by reduction of ABA responses, and brm mutants displayed increased drought tolerance. We propose a role for BRM in the balance between growth or stress responses.
Hunter selection and long‐term trend (1881–2008) of red deer trophy sizes in Hungary
Authors: Rivrud Inger Maren , Sonkoly Krisztina , Lehoczki Róbert , Csányi Sándor , Storvik Geir Olve , Mysterud Atle 
Published: December 2012

Summary

Human harvesting has a large impact on natural populations and may cause undesirable life‐history changes. In wild ungulate populations, unrestricted trophy hunting may cause strong selection pressures resulting in evolutionary change towards smaller trophies. It has rarely been tested how harvesting selection varies in space and time, and whether directional hunter selection is sufficiently strong to induce long‐term decreases in trophy size in century‐scale data.

We analysed two unique data sets of harvesting records spanning decade (1973–2008) and century scales (1881–2008) to identify changes in trophy size and how harvesting selection varies in space and time in red deer Cervus elaphus. We contrasted predictions from the trophy‐hunting depletion, the restricted trophy hunting and the hunting pressure hypotheses.

Foreign hunters selected older and larger males than local hunters, but selection patterns for age‐specific trophy size between counties and over time were dynamic. Patterns of red deer trophy size development from exhibitions (representing the ‘upper tail’ of antler sizes) were remarkably similar across Hungary from 1881 to 2008. A weak decline in trophy size between 1881 and 1958 was followed by a strong increase in trophy size between 1958 and 1974, culminating in a period of stable antler tine numbers and a weak decline in beam length until 2008.

We rejected the trophy hunting depletion hypothesis due to the increase in trophy size after a period of decline; patterns were most consistent with the hunting pressure hypothesis. Large increases in trophy size during 1958–1974 were likely due to a relief in hunting pressure due to implementation of strict management regulations allowing stags to grow old after the massive overharvesting during World War II, but we cannot exclude impacts from environmental factors, and that data from trophy exhibitions may underestimate trends.

Synthesis and applications. Trophy hunting does not necessarily lead to a non‐reversible decline in trophy size, even over century‐long time‐scales. To ensure sustainable trophy hunting management, we need to consider factors such as spatial and temporal refuges, compensatory culling, saving stags until prime‐age culmination and higher prices for larger trophies.