bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astral microtubules physically redistribute cortical actin filaments to the incipient contractile ring
Authors: Tseng Kuo‐Fu , Foss Margit , Zhang Dahong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPrior to cell cleavage, cytokinetic proteins are recruited into the nascent actomyosin contractile ring, paving the way for formation of a functional cleavage furrow. Interactions between spindle microtubules and the cell cortex may play a critical role in this recruitment, since microtubules have been shown to affect distribution and activation of cytokinetic proteins within the cortex. However, direct evidence for physical interaction between microtubules and the cortex has been lacking. Here, we probed the physical connection between astral microtubules and cortical actin filaments, by micromanipulating the fluorescently tagged cytoskeleton in living spermatocytes of the grasshopper Melanoplus femurrubrum. When microtubules were tugged with a microneedle, they in turn pulled on cortical actin filaments, interrupting the filaments' journey toward the equator. Further displacement of the actin dragged the cell membrane inward, demonstrating that the cortical actin network physically linked spindle microtubules to the cell membrane. Regional disruption of the connection by breaking spindle microtubules prevented actin accumulation in a segment of the ring, which locally inhibited furrowing. We propose a model in which dynamic astral microtubules physically redistribute cortical actin into the incipient contractile ring. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Insights into cell division using Listeria monocytogenes infections of PtK2 renal epithelial cells
Authors: Sanger Jean M. , Sanger Joseph W. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe assembly of actin into a cleavage furrow is accompanied by disassembly of the interphase actin cytoskeleton. A variation of this actin filament disassembly/assembly cycle is seen during cell division in PtK2 cells infected with the intracellular pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, where F‐actin associates with the bacteria either as a halo surrounding nonmoving bacteria, or as an array of filaments that encases the sides of moving baceteria and extends behind them like a tail. The moving Listeria are found both in the cytoplasm and in the distal ends of undulating filopodia. When infected cells enter mitosis, the distribution of moving and stationary bacteria changes. In the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a decrease in the number of bacteria with tails of actin in the cytoplasm. The nonmoving bacteria surrounded with F‐actin are excluded from the mitotic spindle and moving bacteria are seldom seen in the cytoplasm during mitosis, although small thin filopodia cluster at the edges of the cells. After completion of cytokinesis, strong tail reformation first becomes obvious in the filopodia with Listeria moving back into the cytoplasm as the daughter cells spread. In summary, the disassembly and reassembly of actin tails extending from Listeria in dividing cells is a variation of the changes in actin organization produced by stress fiber and myofibril disassembly/assembly cycles during cell division. We suggest that the same unknown factors that regulate the disassembly/assembly of stress fibers and myofibrils during mitosis and post cytokinesis also affect the movement of Listeria inside mitotic cells. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reduction of the impact of multiple uncertain conductivity values on EEG dipole source analysis
Authors: Yitembe B. R. , Crevecoeur G. , Van Keer R. , Dupré L. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYIt is well known that the uncertain knowledge of the conductivity values of the head tissues has an important impact upon the accuracy of the electroencephalogram source reconstruction. Assuming a certain value of the conductivity often leads to high reconstruction error values when solving the inverse problem. It is possible to quantify the impact of multiple uncertain conductivity values on the localization accuracy. We propose an approach that reduces the impact of these multiple uncertainties on the reconstruction accuracy of the dipole parameters. This paper elaborates the numerical method and shows results of localization accuracy in a five‐shell spherical head model. Sensitivity analysis, when considering multiple layers in the head model, shows the different scales of the influence of the various uncertain conductivity values on the potential values. We propose a cost function that reduces the impact of multiple uncertainties of the conductivity value on the electroencephalogram dipole reconstruction and two strategies for selecting potential values on the basis of the sensitivity analysis. Numerical simulations, when considering multiple uncertainties in the model, provide results with higher reconstruction accuracy compared with the case where only a single uncertainty is taken into account. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomechanical responses of a pig head under blast loading: a computational simulation
Authors: Zhu Feng , Skelton Paul , Chou Cliff C. , Mao Haojie , Yang King H. , King Albert I. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYA series of computational studies were performed to investigate the biomechanical responses of the pig head under a specific shock tube environment. A finite element model of the head of a 50‐kg Yorkshire pig was developed with sufficient details, based on the Lagrangian formulation, and a shock tube model was developed using the multimaterial arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (MMALE) approach. These two models were integrated and a fluid/solid coupling algorithm was used to simulate the interaction of the shock wave with the pig's head. The finite element model‐predicted incident and intracranial pressure traces were in reasonable agreement with those obtained experimentally. Using the verified numerical model of the shock tube and pig head, further investigations were carried out to study the spatial and temporal distributions of pressure, shear stress, and principal strain within the head. Pressure enhancement was found in the skull, which is believed to be caused by shock wave reflection at the interface of the materials with distinct wave impedances. Brain tissue has a shock attenuation effect and larger pressures were observed in the frontal and occipital regions, suggesting a greater possibility of coup and contrecoup contusion. Shear stresses in the brain and deflection in the skull remained at a low level. Higher principal strains were observed in the brain near the foramen magnum, suggesting that there is a greater chance of cellular or vascular injuries in the brainstem region. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphical analysis of flow cytometer data for characterizing controlled fluorescent protein display on λ phage
Authors: Sokolenko Stanislav , Nicastro Jessica , Slavcev Roderick , Aucoin Marc G. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAs native virus particles typically cannot be resolved using a flow cytometer, the general practice is to use fluorescent dyes to label the particles. In this work, an attempt was made to use a common commercial flow cytometer to characterize a phage display strategy that allows for controlled levels of protein display, in this case, eGFP. To achieve this characterization, a number of data processing steps were needed to ensure that the observed phenomena were indeed capturing differences in the phages produced. Phage display of eGFP resulted in altered side scatter and fluorescence profile, and sub‐populations could be identified within what would otherwise be considered uniform populations. Surprisingly, this study has found that side scatter may be used in the future to characterize the display of nonfluorescent proteins. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Phenotype of entero‐endocrine L cells becomes restricted during development
Authors: Grigoryan Marine , Kedees Mamdouh H. , Guz Yelena , Teitelman Gladys 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground: Glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are hormones secreted by L and K cells, respectively, and by LK cells. To characterize L and K cells during development, we examined ileum from embryonic (e)‐ 12 to e‐17. Results: GLP‐1 cells were first seen at e‐15 and their number increased at e‐17. At e‐17, most GLP‐1 cells co‐expressed GIP. The transcription factors Pax6 and Pdx‐1 are required for GIP expression, while Pax6 activates the expression of GLP‐1. At e‐17, the mucosa has GIP+ Pax6+, GIP+ Pdx‐1+, GLP‐1+ Pax6+, and GLP‐1+ Pdx‐1+ cells. Unlike ileal L cells of postnatal and adult mice, a subset of ileal L cells of e‐17 embryos co‐expressed GLP‐1 and glucagon (Glu). Glu‐positive cells contain proprotein‐convertase 2 (PC2) and PC3/1, the enzymes responsible for Glu and GLP‐1 synthesis, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that most GLP‐1+ cells of ileum of e‐17 embryos co‐express GIP and, therefore, are LK cells. In addition, a subset of GLP‐1+ cells of embryos but not of neonates co‐express glucagon, indicating that the expression of Glu in GLP‐1+ cells disappears after birth. Developmental Dynamics, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hormone symphony during root growth and development
Authors: Garay‐Arroyo Adriana , De La Paz Sánchez María , García‐Ponce Berenice , Azpeitia Eugenio , Álvarez‐Buylla Elena R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHormones regulate plant growth and development in response to external environmental stimuli via complex signal transduction pathways, which in turn form complex networks of interaction. Several classes of hormones have been reported, and their activity depends on their biosynthesis, transport, conjugation, accumulation in the vacuole, and degradation. However, the activity of a given hormone is also dependent on its interaction with other hormones. Indeed, there is a complex crosstalk between hormones that regulates their biosynthesis, transport, and/or signaling functionality, although some hormones have overlapping or opposite functions. The plant root is a particularly useful system in which to study the complex role of plant hormones in the plastic control of plant development. Physiological, cellular, and molecular genetic approaches have been used to study the role of plant hormones in root meristem homeostasis. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the synthesis, signaling, transport of hormones and role during root development and examine the role of hormone crosstalk in maintaining homeostasis in the apical root meristem. Developmental Dynamics, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of varying tidal prism on hydrodynamics and sedimentary processes in a hypertidal salt marsh creek
Authors: O'Laughlin Casey , van Proosdij Danika 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTRecent initiatives directing tidal power development in the Bay of Fundy have raised questions about far‐field environmental impacts related to energy extraction. It is understood that commercial scale tidal power installations in the Minas Passage will result in an overall decrease in tidal amplitude in the Minas Basin. Corresponding changes in sedimentation patterns may or may not be within the natural range of variability, and it is hypothesized that intertidal sedimentation rates will demonstrate a non‐linear response to modification of the tidal energy regime. This research considers acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) and optical backscatter sensor (OBS) data from a sheltered tidal creek in the Minas Basin, for analysis of tidal characteristics in a hypertidal creek environment over spring and neap tidal cycles. Sediment deposition in the creek was also measured. Results show a first‐order control of topography on flow magnitude in the tidal creek, which impacts net sediment deposition through resuspension and removal of newly introduced material. This study demonstrates that tides which peak around the bankfull level show reduced early ebb stage turbulence and flow velocity and encourage an extended depositional period. The dynamics of marshfull tides may be responsible for the maximum sediment deposition in tidal creeks, providing large amounts of material that is eventually distributed to and deposited on marsh surfaces. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conditional Sox9 ablation reduces chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan levels and improves motor function following spinal cord injury
Authors: McKillop William M. , Dragan Magdalena , Schedl Andreas , Brown Arthur 
Published: October 2012

AbstractChondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) found in perineuronal nets and in the glial scar after spinal cord injury have been shown to inhibit axonal growth and plasticity. Since we have previously identified SOX9 as a transcription factor that upregulates the expression of a battery of genes associated with glial scar formation in primary astrocyte cultures, we predicted that conditional Sox9 ablation would result in reduced CSPG expression after spinal cord injury and that this would lead to increased neuroplasticity and improved locomotor recovery. Control and Sox9 conditional knock‐out mice were subject to a 70 kdyne contusion spinal cord injury at thoracic level 9. One week after injury, Sox9 conditional knock‐out mice expressed reduced levels of CSPG biosynthetic enzymes (Xt‐1 and C4st), CSPG core proteins (brevican, neurocan, and aggrecan), collagens 2a1 and 4a1, and Gfap, a marker of astrocyte activation, in the injured spinal cord compared with controls. These changes in gene expression were accompanied by improved hind limb function and locomotor recovery as evaluated by the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) and rodent activity boxes. Histological assessments confirmed reduced CSPG deposition and collagenous scarring at the lesion of Sox9 conditional knock‐out mice, and demonstrated increased neurofilament‐positive fibers in the lesion penumbra and increased serotonin immunoreactivity caudal to the site of injury. These results suggest that SOX9 inhibition is a potential strategy for the treatment of SCI. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
3.1: Invited Paper: Amorphous Oxide TFTs: Progress and Issues
Authors: Nathan Arokia , Lee Sungsik , Jeon Sanghun , Song Ihun , Chung U‐In 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper discusses progress and issues related to amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOS) thin film transistors (TFTs) for flat panel display and imaging applications. In particular, we review the dark‐ and wavelength‐dependent photo‐instability in AOS TFTs and its origins, along with the density of states (DOS) profile in these materials, including the role of oxygen vacancies. The relative dominance of trap‐limited conduction (TLC) and percolation depending on gate voltage is presented. The effects of photo‐instability and specifically persistent photoconductivity (PPC) arising from ionized oxygen vacancies is examined using results of stress/recovery measurements. Based on this, techniques to overcome the PPC are presented, and includes a dual gate photo‐TFT structure with appropriate pulse biasing.
7.1: Invited Paper: Characteristics of Pure MgO Powders Added to an MgO Film
Authors: Lee Min‐Suk , Choi Il‐Shin , Kim Chang Sung , Kim Yong Jun , Heo Eun Gi , Park Hyoung‐Bin , Kim Young Sun , Choe Deok Hyeon 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPure MgO powders were synthesized using wet chemical and thermal processes. Purity and crystallinity were used as indicators determining the synthesis. From this, we obtained highly pure and crystalline MgO powders. Using these powders, we could achieve 15∼20V lower firing voltage and 10∼15% higher efficiency, depending on the extent of the partly covered area and on sealing temperature. The improvement was proved to be due to surface states that were absent in an MgO film.
9.4L: Late‐News Paper: Microscopic Mechanism of the Negative Bias and Illumination Stress Instability of Amorphous Oxide TFTs
Authors: Kim Yong‐Sung , Nahm Ho‐Hyun , Kim Dae Hwan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe microscopic origin of the negative bias and illumination stress (NBIS) instability of amorphous oxide semiconductors is revealed by first‐principles calculations. We find that the excited holes during the stresses generate O2 peroxide defects in the oxide channel with increasing the Fermi level. The peroxide defects exhibit meta‐stability.
11.3: Stereoscopic 3D Display by Fast Response Liquid Crystal Polarization Rotator
Authors: Lee Chung Yung , Tseng Man Chun , Yeung Fion Sze Yan , Ho Tsz Kin , Kwok Hoi Sing 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA stereoscopic three‐dimensional (3D) system using a polarization rotator is proposed. The polarization rotator converts the polarizations of different eyes' images in temporal multiplexing. A novel fast nematic liquid crystal mode is also proposed. The new liquid crystal mode has fast response time and high contrast; hence it is a good candidate for polarization rotator. The proposed 3D system utilizes only passive polarized glasses, which are more convenient, light weight and low cost. In addition, the polarization rotator can be applied to current 2D displays and become 3D capable display.
12.1: Invited Paper: Ergonomic Evaluation of Visual Discomfort with Autostereoscopic Displays
Authors: Shibata Takashi , Yoshitake Junki , Koido Yoshihisa , Kikuchi Keita , Kawai Takashi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe conducted an experiment that examined how visual discomfort arises while viewing autostereoscopic displays in a practical viewing situation. Visual discomfort was evaluated by measuring subjective symptoms and accommodative step response before and after viewing displayed material. Subjective discomfort measurements showed that viewing autostereoscopic displays resulted in relatively less discomfort than viewing 3D television with active shutter glasses. Moreover, we calculated the correlations between subjective visual discomfort and accommodation amplitude to near and far visual targets using an infrared optometer. With an autostereoscopic display and a 2D display, there was moderate correlation, whereas 3D television showed no correlation. This suggests that the discomfort arising from viewing autostereoscopic and 2D displays could be related to accommodative response. However, the discomfort arising from viewing 3D TV probably derives from other factors in a practical viewing.
12.5L: Late‐News Paper: Binocular Fusion Camera to Render Pixel Detail in 3D Displays
Authors: Kelley Edward F. , Boynton Paul A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA binocular fusion camera is developed with two lenses spaced at the interocular distance of 65 mm having irises that simulate eye entrance pupils. Left and right eye images can be overlapped to render how 3D displays appear to both eyes. One application is resolution issues in 3D displays.
13.4: Photoluminescent Properties of MgCaO for High‐Xe PDPs
Authors: Kuang Wen‐Jian , Tolner Harm , Chen Yu‐Xiang , Li Qing , Wang Ning‐Hui , Ding Xue‐Mei , Liang Hong‐Bing , Sun Shuai‐Shuai , Tao Ye 
Published: October 2012

AbstractUsing synchrotron radiation the photoluminescent spectra of both MgCaO with different levels of calcium, and MgO pellet material were measured. The sensitivity at 147 and 172 nm radiation is compared, including the emission spectra. At room temperature MgCaO material can be resonantly excited at both 172 and 188 nm. At room temperature no UV light is emitted from MgCaO, but after cooling down to 20K there is a strong UV emission at 235 nm.
16.1: Hysteresis‐free Blue‐phase LCDs
Authors: Rao Linghui , Yan Jin , Wu Shin‐Tson , Yamamoto Shin‐ichi , Haseba Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2012

AbstractElectric field effect on the hysteresis of a polymer‐stabilized blue‐phase liquid crystal display is investigated experimentally and by simulation. Based on the established guidelines, we propose a new electrode structure to eliminate hysteresis while keeping high transmittance and high contrast ratio.
18.3: 3‐D Metrology System based on a Bi‐directional OLED Microdisplay
Authors: Großmann Constanze , Gawronski Ute , Breitbarth Martin , Baumgarten Judith , Notni Gunther , Tünnermann Andreas 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBi‐directional OLED based microdisplays offer interesting possibilities for new applications. Light emission and detection is included in one chip by using OLED‐on‐CMOS‐technology. Such device has been primary made for optocouplers or photoelectric barriers, but it offers interesting possibilities for other application fields, e.g. multimedia and metrology. A new optical concept of a 3‐D metrology sensor based on bi‐directional OLED microdisplay will be presented.
20.2: Invited Paper: Reliability Improvement of Flexible AMOLED Based on Auxiliary Functional Film Technology
Authors: Chen Janglin , Ho Jia‐Chong , Chen Glory , Lee Cheng‐Chung 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe flexible universal plane (FlexUP) technology was demonstrated with Polyimide (PI) substrate and a novel de‐bonding method. The transparent amorphous oxide semiconductor (TAOS) TFT, and OLEDs were developed along with the FlexUP technology, aiming to improve the reliability of flexible AMOLED. TAOS TFT successfully improved the bias stress reliability (T50) to approximately over 10 years, and the life time of flexible AMOLED were improved by the new passivation structure and encapsulation materials.
23.4: Hybrid 230ppi 3D Display Using Time‐Sequential OCB LCD
Authors: Suzuki Daiichi , Tanaka Yukio , Tsukane Midori , Okita Mitsutaka , Higano Emi , Miki Hirohisa , Kubota Masahiro , Nishimoto Yuuki , Nishiyama Kazuhiro , Nakao Kenji , Tsurugi Takayuki , Yamamoto Junya , Yamasaki Nobuo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe have newly developed a hybrid 230ppi 3D display with both auto‐stereoscopic and glasses modes using time‐sequential OCB, a 4.3inch WVGA panel, and a light directional backlight. In the auto‐stereoscopic mode we can easily see full‐resolution 3D images and in the glasses mode we can additionally see crosstalk‐free 3D images from all viewing angles. Our hybrid 3D LCD is suitable for situations where users want to easily switch the two modes.
26.3: Development of Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide (np‐AAO) Thin Template on PET/Ti Flexible Substrate for Flexible Liquid Crystal Display (Flexible‐LCD) Application
Authors: Hong C. , Pan R. P. , Fang W. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study reports implementation and integration of the inorganic nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (named np‐AAO) film and Liquid crystal (LC) on PET/Ti flexible substrate for flexible liquid crystal display (flexible‐LCD) application. This works is the first time to demonstration of flexible‐LCD with micromachined flexible inorganic nanostructure film. The np‐AAO offers three advantages for flexible‐LCD, (1) the np‐AAO is vertical alignment layer to easily and uniformly align LC molecules, (2) the np‐AAO with vertically nanostructure control in thickness uniformity of LC layer between flexible substrates for flexible‐LCD; and (3) the np‐AAO film is an inorganic, optical, and mechanical materials for flexible‐LCD. In application, the LC with the flexible np‐AAO template for capacity in flexible‐LCD is also demonstrated.
28.1: Premium Picture Quality by Super‐Multi‐Domain Polymer Sustained Alignment LCD Technology
Authors: Tien Kun‐Cheng , Wu Yu‐Ching , Liao Chien‐Huang , Ting Tien‐Lun , Wu Ming‐Huei , Hsu Wen‐Hao , Su Jenn‐Jia 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNew super‐multi‐domain polymer sustained alignment (PSA) liquid crystal displays are developed With this new pixel architecture, premium picture quality with very little oblique gamma distortion and color shift (Δ u‘v’ < 0.02) like in‐plane switching (IPS) mode, is obtained. Moreover, it can also realize low‐crosstalk patterned retarder 3D displays without sacrificing the 2D‐mode luminance.