bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical Fermi energy for broadened Landau levels of 2DEG under a perpendicular strong magnetic field
Authors: Sese L J , Bercasio C J , Gammag R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
An analytical form of the Fermi energy is derived for broadened Landau levels (LLs) of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) under a perpendicular strong magnetic field. A Gaussian density of states with the broadening parameter Γ is used to derive the analytical form under the assumption of asymptotically non-overlapping states between two consecutive Landau levels, i.e. Γ/ħωc
→ 0. It is shown that the smoothening of the Fermi energy around the neighborhood for fully filled Landau levels is due to the linear dependence of Γ and its factor with the inverse error function. The validity of the analytical form shows a threshold up to Γ/ħωc
∼ 0.23.
A reliable semi-analytic solution for the Caputo fractional human liver model
Authors: Ansar Abrar , Abukhaled Marwan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article presents a dependable semi-analytic solution for the Caputo fractional human liver model, employing an enhanced classical differential transform method. Our methodology is direct and produces highly accurate results. We confirm the stability of the equilibrium solution and demonstrate the positivity and boundedness of our solution. The paper includes graphs that juxtapose analytical and numerical simulations for both integer and fractional models, comparing our findings with clinical data and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method.
A survey on topological solitons in planar nonlinear Dirac models
Authors: Dikole R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this text, we review tardyonic and tachyonic planar Dirac models with several cubic nonlinearities such as the Kerr, Soler and massive Thirring nonlinearities. These models have relevance in a newly discovered class of solids named topological insulators and have been shown to exhibit topological properties such as the Berry phase and Chern number. Moreover, nonlinear Dirac models have vortex solutions and edge state solitons. As understood in quantum mechanics that a Hamiltonian must yield real eigenvalues or dispersion relation, we argue that Dirac equations in the tachyonic case are valid when studied in non-vanishing backgrounds because this gets rid of the complexity in the dispersion relation.
Investigation of a MEMS resonator model with quintic nonlinearity
Authors: Abdelraouf M. E. , Kandil A. , Zahra W. K. , Elsaid A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) resonator is decidedly utilized in a diversity of areas, including time referencing, movement sensing, signal filtration, mass detecting, and further numerous applications. The aim of this article is to use the multiple scales approach to derive analytical formulas for MEMS resonator vibration response. The properties of the complicated nonlinear system at various AC and DC voltages are investigated to be extremely well captured by modeling the dynamics of the micro-beam using multiple scales technique. The resulting Jacobian matrix eigenvalues are tested to verify the stability ranges of these solutions; hence, the jump phenomenon that occurs in experimental performance is interpreted. To study the influence of resonator characteristics on the nonlinear dynamical behavior of such a beam, several response plots are presented. Finally, a numerical solution is obtained with the fourth order Rung-Kutta method to verify the studied model’s overall behavior.
A Monte Carlo study of K escape phenomena of X-ray spectra in CdTe and Gd2O2S detectors
Authors: Wang Dan , Shi Zhe , Yang Zhi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Detectors can be categorized as energy-integrated detectors (EID) and photon-counting detectors (PCD). Both of them show K x-ray escape effects, leading to potential inaccuracies in spectral data. This paper focuses on investigation of the detector’s K x-ray escape effects on spectra. Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulations were initially validated against literature results. Subsequently, the X-ray escape events and spectra in both a CdTe (PCD) and Gd2O2S (EID) were explored. X-ray spectra generated using Geant4 demonstrated close agreement with the existing literature. The spectra with typical absorption edges were observed in both detectors. This study highlights the successful application of Monte Carlo simulations for spectral measurements and emphasizes impact of K escape effects on X-ray spectra. The positions of escape events are contingent upon the element properties in the detectors, providing valuable insights into understanding K escape effects.
A Collaborative Diagnosis Method for Abnormal Discharge of SF6/N2 Mixed Gas Insulation Based on Multi-parameter Sensing
Authors: Peng Zhaoyu , Qiu Pengfeng , Long Yunfeng , Tan Xiangyu , Xu Tengbo , Fu Wencheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
At present, SF6/N2 gas mixture with 30% volume fraction has been gradually applied to gas-insulated power equipment. However, most of the existing operation and maintenance management experience comes from traditional GIS equipment. Consequently, there is an urgent need to propose a discharge fault diagnosis method suitable for SF6/N2 mixed gas insulation equipment based on the development characteristics of SF6/N2 gas discharge and the applicability of detection technology. In this study, a gas insulation experiment platform was initially established to collect pulse current, optical, and UHF signals during SF6/N2 defect discharge through the simulation of three typical insulation defects: metal spikes, surface anomalies of insulation components, and suspension potential, as well as sensor settings. Then, the phased changes of various physical characteristics with the development of discharge were analyzed. Finally, a partial discharge collaborative diagnosis model based on multivariate information perception was proposed. By comparing the recognition accuracy of SF6 and SF6/N2 databases, the differences in feature selection and pattern recognition criteria between the two were found. It has high guiding value for the establishment of differentiated operation and maintenance criteria for SF6/N2 mixed gas GIS equipment.
Research and Application of Big Data Analysis in Energy Storage of Distributed Energy System
Authors: Liu Huizhou , Ni Yanyan , Wang Ming , Chang Le 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In order to ensure the reliability and high efficiency of the optimal scheduling strategy of distributed energy system, this paper combines big data technology to study the energy storage system of distributed energy system. In order to simplify the daily scheduling optimization of regional DES, the loss of energy storage device and energy conversion device is ignored in this paper, and the output power, conversion power and interworking power of specific equipment are treated linearly in the energy supply model to a certain extent, so as to better simulate the scheduling process. Moreover, this paper combines the big data algorithm to avoid the algorithm falling into local optimum by improving the group learning method. Taking the distribution system as the reference system, the electric energy demand is met by the power grid, the heat energy demand is generated by the gas boiler, and the cold energy is generated by the electric refrigeration. In addition, in different seasons, the comprehensive benefits of the energy supply model in this paper are compared and analyzed. The research results show that the method in this paper has certain effect.
1550nm-1600nm design and research of Erbium-doped fiber lasers
Authors: Wang Minghui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The fiber laser, an innovative laser type, holds immense significance in optical communication, industrial processing, and scientific research owing to its remarkable high power and efficiency combination. The 1550nm light wave, widely utilized in fiber communication, renders the research and production of fiber lasers in this range pivotal for diverse applications. Within the pages of this paper, we delve into the intricate design and meticulous investigation of an erbium-doped fiber laser operating within the 1550nm-1600nm band. Our noteworthy achievement lies in the adept attainment of laser emission at 1575 nm. This success is intricately woven into the reciprocal reflection of pump light within the resonant cavity of the fiber laser and the nuanced electronic transition process of erbium ions. This paper not only unfolds a detailed exploration of the structural nuances but also unveils the design principles, methodology, and results of MATLAB simulations employed in crafting erbium-doped fiber lasers. Exhibiting exemplary performance at the 1550nm wavelength, this laser proves promising in realms such as optical communication and medical applications, signalling a paradigm shift in the possibilities within these domains. The research presented herein introduces avant-garde concepts for designing high-performance fiber lasers, providing a rich foundation for further exploration in related fields. Through this comprehensive discourse, we aim to contribute not only to the advancement of fiber laser technology but also to the expansion of possibilities in optical communication and beyond.
Advances in stability control methods of distribution network for distributed photovoltaic systems
Authors: Zhang Jiarui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the current global energy crisis, distributed photovoltaic power generation represents an innovative approach to integrated power generation and energy utilization, offering significant prospects for development. However, the distribution network’s stability may be impacted by the connection to the grid of distributed solar power generation, which will significantly affect consumers’ demand for electricity. Therefore, this paper explores several control methods for grid stability in distributed photovoltaic systems, including a multi-objective optimization method of three-phase load imbalance with distributed photovoltaic distribution network considering voltage over-limit risk, three-phase voltage imbalance compensation control method based on parallel inverters of photovoltaic micro-grid in dq coordinate system and distributed cooperative control method based on dynamic event-triggered robust average consensus algorithm (DET-RACA) and barrier Lyapunov function (BLF). The paper evaluates these control methods, discussing their respective advantages, limitations, and impact on grid stability. Additionally, the latest research trends in these areas are reviewed, providing valuable insights for future studies focused on enhancing distribution network stability in the context of distributed photovoltaic power generation.
Innovative approaches for minimizing leakage current in three-phase transformerless PV inverters
Authors: Wang Yikun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Three-phase transformerless photovoltaic (PV) inverters are widely used in solar systems due to their advantages, such as relatively low cost, small size, and high performance. However, they encounter leakage current problems, which can lead to issues such as harmonic damage, grid distortion, and safety risks to individuals. Effectively suppressing leakage current is a critical issue that needs to be addressed for transformerless PV inverters. The purpose of this research is to review advancements made in suppressing leakage current over the past few years in the research area of three-phase transformerless photovoltaic inverters. By summarizing recent research, this paper presents several topologies that efficiently eliminate system leakage current. Additionally, this paper analyzes optimal modulation methods for these topologies in detail. Through a comparison of these topologies, this paper offers insights for future photovoltaic system design. Furthermore, this paper suggests methods to effectively suppress leakage current, reduce total harmonic distortion (THD), and improve efficiency. Finally, this paper discusses expectations for future research and development in the photovoltaic industry.
Optimization of Observational Bionic Underwater Vehicle Based on TRIZ Theory
Authors: Zhang Hualin , Ma Haobo , Gao Yangjie , Li Zeru , Chen Yizhuo , Wang Yahui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper applies the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) to address challenges in observation-type biomimetic underwater robots. Traditional underwater robots impact the environment, while biomimetic robots lack flexibility and compression resistance. By using TRIZ theory, we focus on designing and optimizing biomimetic underwater observation robots. Problems with propeller-driven robots are identified, including size, adaptability, maneuverability, and environmental impact. System analysis reveals limitations in the propulsion system and shell. To overcome these challenges, a buoyancy control system and rubberized toughened plastics are proposed. Solutions are validated through optimization design, simulations, and prototype testing, improving vertical movement and pressure resistance. TRIZ theory helps identify and resolve technical contradictions, fostering innovation and providing reliable solutions for underwater observation tasks. This research contributes to the development of observation-type underwater robots and highlights TRIZ’s potential in addressing engineering problems and fostering innovation. Further research is needed to address additional aspects and practical implementation challenges.
Investigation on Transport Phenomena and Molten Pool Dynamics During Laser Melting Deposition of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Wu Yongjian , Zhou Jian , Wen Yan , Xie Lechun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The physical phenomena involved in laser melting deposition are extremely complex, including solid-liquid phase transition, gas-liquid interface coupling, the Marangoni effect, and others factors. A novel multiphase model is proposed to describe the evolution of gas-liquid-solid interface during the laser melting deposition process of Ti-6Al-4V. Based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method, a volume fraction gradient method is introduced to accurately track the motion of the free surfaces. The model can simulate alterations in temperature and flow fields during deposition, predict the geometric configurations of the melt pool and deposition layer, and shows minimal deviation from the experimental data, thereby providing a significant reference value.
Research and Design of Heat Pump Air Conditioning Control System Based on Intelligent Diagnosis
Authors: Qi Susu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
With the scarcity of energy resources and the requirements of environmental protection, the energy efficiency and performance optimization of heat pump air-conditioning systems have become an important research field. In this study, an intelligent diagnosis system based on support vector machine (SVM) is designed and compared with the traditional system without intelligent diagnosis. The experimental group uses an intelligent diagnostic system for troubleshooting and diagnosis, and the control group uses a traditional system for the same operation. By collecting experimental data and statistical analysis, the performance of two groups of systems in terms of troubleshooting time, fault diagnosis accuracy and energy consumption is evaluated. In the experimental group, the longest time for troubleshooting was 5 minutes, the shortest time was 1 minute; the control group took a maximum of 15 minutes and a minimum of 8 minutes. The intelligent diagnosis system based on SVM shows obvious advantages in the control system of heat pump air conditioning.
Sense-Data
Authors: Snowdon Paul F 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
‘Sense-data’ is a modern term for a long-standing idea, earlier expressed in the language of ‘ideas’ and ‘impressions’. On the dominant use of ‘sense-data’ it stands for an entity present in perceptual (and other) experiences which fundamentally has a mental nature and possesses certain qualitative properties which the subject apprehends. The evolution of the term (by Moore, Ayer, and others) is described and discussed. The dominant theory that the term is attached to thinks of experience as an act relating to an object, the sense-datum. It is claimed that this structure means it is misleading to call it a theory of perception at all. The major flaw in arguments for the theory is that this assumption is lacking in any justification. When followed through this act/object analysis of experience faces considerable problems. Its popularity reflects an obsession by philosophers with visual perception. If the theory is rejected there still remain many different approaches to the analysis of perception.
Hinton and the Origins of Disjunctivism
Authors: Snowdon Paul F 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter investigates the central argument of Hinton’s book Experiences. Hinton is credited with being the originator of disjunctivism, but his own writings are neglected. It is suggested that the idea of disjunctivism pre-dates Hinton’s writings, but his achievement was being the first to focus on perception-illusion disjunctions, and to employ that kind of statement in an argument against a certain view of experience. It is argued that his account of them is not open to some objections that have been brought in the past, but it remains, in some respects, questionable. His main employment of them in an argument against the common element hypothesis is also questionable, but it is argued that he is right to object to that hypothesis on one central conception of it. It is hard to determine what his attitude is to that hypothesis on another conception, and that uncertainty represents the main mystery about his view.
Strawson on the Concept of Perception
Authors: Snowdon Paul F 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Following a brief tribute to Strawson’s contributions as an undergraduate tutor, it is argued that Strawson’s support for the causal analysis of the concept of perception is subject to objections and that an alternative way of thinking is available. On Strawson’s view, it is a conceptual truth that if a subject perceives an object then that object is producing an effect in the subject. Strawson attempts to defend this view both by elucidating the causal entailments said to obtain as a matter of necessity and by offering an explanation, or rationale, for why this is the case. Neither effort is found to be convincing. An alternative proposal is sketched—according to which if a subject (S) perceives an object (O) then S ipso facto stands in a relation to O which enables S to think about O in a distinctive, demonstrative way—and some effort is made to relate this approach to a functionalist theory of mind.
Some Key Terminology and Distinctions. The Prospects for an Analysis of Emotions in Terms of Other Intentional States
Authors: Pearson Giles 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter first explains some terminology and distinctions that it will be helpful to employ throughout the book. In particular, it explains what is meant by ‘intentional states apprehending objects of emotion’ by unpacking the notions of ‘an intentional state’ (and its ‘content’, ‘attitude’, and ‘object’) and ‘objects of emotion’ (formal/evaluative and particular objects), and specifying what is intended by referring to the former as ‘apprehending’ the latter. This conceptual framework is a helpful tool to employ in examining Aristotle’s views, but the chapter also provides, in a preliminary way, some reasons for thinking that it may not be anachronistic to use it. Finally, the general idea that it is legitimate to attempt (as Aristotle does) to analyse emotions in terms of other intentional states is defended against a recent objection to this approach in current discussions. The chapter argues that such analyses are still very much on the table.
Some Other (Putative) Links between Emotions and Desires
Authors: Pearson Giles 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers what else (besides anger) might be thought to favour the view that Aristotle thinks emotions themselves involve desires. The following are examined: (1) the suggestion that in his discussion of motives for action in Rhetoric I.10, he treats emotions generally as types of desire; (2) the fact that in some of his definitions of emotions he characterizes particular emotions not just as ‘distresses’ but as ‘disturbances’ (tarachai); (3) Aristotle’s understanding of fear’s role in courage and its related vices; and (4) the fact that in Rhetoric II.4 he defines feeling-friendly-towards (to philein) as a kind of desire, and that, by implication, its contrary, hating (to misein), would also be such. The chapter argues that while Aristotle palpably holds that desires and emotions link up in important ways, none of the above considerations undermines the idea that he has a clear-cut notion of emotions as representational pleasures/distresses alone.
Some Problematic Cases and the Supplements in the EE Specification of the Emotions
Authors: Pearson Giles 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers some tricky cases for any interpretation of Aristotle’s account of emotions. In particular, it addresses: (1) what Aristotle intends by defining ‘favour’ (as in ‘giving a favour’) in Rhetoric II.7; (2) his account of confidence in Rhetoric II.5; and (3) a series of ‘opposites’ he specifies for various emotions; e.g. being-mild-mannered (op. anger) and shamelessness (op. shame). It is argued that some of these are representational hedonic states, as per the core analysis. But with some opposites Aristotle instead appears to be characterizing a specific privation of some determinate representational pleasure/distress. The chapter relates this to Aristotle’s general specification of emotions in Eudemian Ethics II.2, which has several novel supplements, and suggests, on its basis, that he might have both narrow and broad notions of ‘emotion’, with the latter including such privations. It is also argued that his view can deal with some (putative) knock-down objections that have been levelled against hedonic views.
Catalogue of Aristotle’s Emotions as Representational Pleasures or Distresses
Authors: Pearson Giles 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To close the book, a Catalogue of Aristotle’s emotions as representational pleasures or distresses is provided. The goal is specifically to chart the representational pleasures and distresses that Aristotle links to the various states he discusses or mentions in connection with particular emotions. To keep the chapter within sensible bounds, some criteria for inclusion are invoked. The Catalogue includes the states that are discussed in the Rhetoric II catalogue of individual emotions, including their ‘opposites’, and also the emotions discussed at the start of Rhetoric II.9. In addition, it also addresses any other states which are referred to on the lists of emotions in Nicomachean Ethics II.5 (1105b21–3), Eudemian Ethics II.2 (1220b12–14), and De anima I.1 (403a16–18). But that is where the line is drawn. As it is, there are twenty-one entries in the pantheon and some of these will end up covering more than one emotion.