bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial Literacy, Financial Education, and Downstream Financial Behaviors
Authors: Fernandes Daniel , Lynch John G. , Netemeyer Richard G. 
Published: January 2014

Policy makers have embraced financial education as a necessary antidote to the increasing complexity of consumers' financial decisions over the last generation. We conduct a meta-analysis of the relationship of financial literacy and of financial education to financial behaviors in 168 papers covering 201 prior studies. We find that interventions to improve financial literacy explain only 0.1% of the variance in financial behaviors studied, with weaker effects in low-income samples. Like other education, financial education decays over time; even large interventions with many hours of instruction have negligible effects on behavior 20 months or more from the time of intervention. Correlational studies that measure financial literacy find stronger associations with financial behaviors. We conduct three empirical studies, and we find that the partial effects of financial literacy diminish dramatically when one controls for psychological traits that have been omitted in prior research or when one uses an instrument for financial literacy to control for omitted variables. Financial education as studied to date has serious limitations that have been masked by the apparently larger effects in correlational studies. We envisage a reduced role for financial education that is not elaborated or acted upon soon afterward. We suggest a real but narrower role for “just-in-time” financial education tied to specific behaviors it intends to help. We conclude with a discussion of the characteristics of behaviors that might affect the policy maker's mix of financial education, choice architecture, and regulation as tools to help consumer financial behavior. This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
An Exact Correspondence of Linear Problems and Randomizing Linear Algorithms
Authors: Eaves B. Curtis , Rothblum Uriel G. 
Published: January 2014

A linear problem is completely solved by a randomizing linear algorithm if the set of data-solution pairs of the problem equals the set of input–output pairs of the algorithm over all randomizations. Linear problems are based on the predicate language over ordered fields. This class contains, for example, all linear programs, all bounded variable integer programs, all satisfiability problems in sentential logic, and models of conflict. Randomizing linear algorithms are based on a tree, arithmetic, comparisons, and random selections, over ordered fields, and with a restriction on certain operations. We show that the correspondence “completely solved by” is one-to-one and onto from equivalences of linear problems to equivalences of randomizing linear algorithms. †1947–2012.
Etomidate with or without flumazenil anesthesia for stem cell transplantation in autistic children
Authors: Li Yong-wang , Ma Li , Sui Bo , Cao Cai-hong , Liu Xiang-dong 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate etomidate administration with or without flumazenil in autistic children who underwent intrathecal transplantation of stem cells by lumbar puncture.

Methods: Forty autistic children aged 2–12, who were scheduled for stem cell transplantation via lumbar puncture under anesthesia, were randomized for a double-blind study. The children were randomly assigned to two groups: the flumazenil group (group F, n=20) and the etomidate group (group E, n=20). All children received 0.2 mg/kg of etomidate. In the case of inadequate anesthesia, patients received repeated doses of 0.1 mg/kg of etomidate until reaching deep sedation. After operation, children in group F were given flumazenil (0.01 mg/kg) and children in group E received placebo. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, the Ramsay sedation score (RSS), and recovery time of all children were continuously monitored and recorded during the entire procedure.

Results: After anesthesia, blood pressure and HR measurements were not significantly changed in both groups compared with the baseline. There were no respiratory depression, bradycardia, hypotension, nausea, and vomiting. Five patients complained of pain on the site of injection. Myoclonus occurred in seven patients. Recovery time in group F was significantly shorter than in group E (p<0.001), and after the injection of flumazenil, RSS in group F significantly decreased than in group E. There were no significant differences in operation time. Physician satisfaction in both groups was similar.

Conclusions: Etomidate resulted in stable hemodynamic responses and relatively less adverse effects, and flumazenil antagonized the anesthetic effect of etomidate; thus, etomidate with flumazenil is suitable for performing stem cell transplantation in autistic children.
Human dyskerin: beyond telomeres
Authors: Angrisani Alberto , Vicidomini Rosario , Turano Mimmo , Furia Maria 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Human dyskerin is an evolutively conserved protein that participates in diverse nuclear complexes: the H/ACA snoRNPs, that control ribosome biogenesis, RNA pseudouridylation, and stability of H/ACA snoRNAs; the scaRNPs, that control pseudouridylation of snRNAs; and the telomerase active holoenzyme, which safeguards telomere integrity. The biological importance of dyskerin is further outlined by the fact that its deficiency causes the X-linked dyskeratosis congenita disease, while its over-expression characterizes several types of cancers and has been proposed as prognostic marker. The role of dyskerin in telomere maintenance has widely been discussed, while its functions as H/ACA sno/scaRNP component has been so far mostly overlooked and represent the main goal of this review. Here we summarize how increasing evidence indicates that the snoRNA/microRNA pathways can be interlaced, and that dyskerin-dependent RNA pseudouridylation represents a flexible mechanism able to modulate RNA function in different ways, including modulation of splicing, change of mRNA coding properties, and selective regulation of IRES-dependent translation. We also propose a speculative model that suggests that the dynamics of pre-assembly and nuclear import of H/ACA RNPs are crucial regulatory steps that can be finely controlled in the cytoplasm in response to developmental, differentiative and stress stimuli.
Evaluation of Available Transfer Capability Using Transient Stability Constrained Line Flows
Authors: Uzoechi Lazarus Okechukwu , Mahajan Satish M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper presents a methodology to evaluate transient stability constrained available transfer capability (ATC). A linear and fast line flow–based (LFB) method was adopted to optimize the ATC values. This enabled the direct determination of the system source–sink locations. This paper formulated different market transactions considering bilateral and multilateral impacts in the stability constrained ATC. The proposed method was demonstrated on the WECC 9-bus and IEEE 39-bus systems. The critical energy performance index (CEPI) enabled the direct identification of candidates for contingency screening based on ranking. This index helped to reduce the list of credible contingencies for ATC evaluation and, therefore, the computation time. The results of the proposed ATC method are consistent with the literature and can be deployed for fast assessment of the impact of transactions in an electric power system.
Beyond Survival: Fostering Growth and Innovation in Doctoral Study – A Concept Analysis of the Ba Space
Authors: Krahe J. A. E. , Lalley Cathy , Solomons Nan M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPurpose: This concept analysis examines the Ba space in the context of interdisciplinary doctoral study in nursing and healthcare innovation in a minimal residency program. The authors identified Ba in their small, highly diverse, self-selected doctoral study group and believe Ba is an educational innovation that will prove useful to nursing and healthcare educators.Background: Ba originates from Japanese philosophy and is foundational to the birth and sustainment of environments fostering knowledge creation. Ba manifests in complex environments where participants are emotionally invested and relies on the tacit knowledge of each participant, allowing for synthesis of rationality and intuition.Method: Walker and Avant’s concept analysis methodology will explore Ba’s centrality to interdisciplinary education. Ba’s utility and application in fostering innovation in doctoral study will be illustrated.Significance: Ba is a true educational innovation, enriching learning environments promoting interdisciplinary collaboration. Ba permits each member a voice and fosters a safe environment where relationships are created and sustained.
Preclinical efficacy of melatonin in the amelioration of tenofovir nephrotoxicity by the attenuation of oxidative stress, nitrosative stress and inflammation in rats
Authors: Ramamoorthy Hemalatha , Abraham Premila , Isaac Bina 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background: Nephrotoxicity is a dose-limiting side effect of long-term use of tenofovir, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Identifying an agent that prevents tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-induced renal injury can lead to better tolerance to TDF, and a more effective treatment can be achieved in HIV infected patients. Recent studies show that oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, and inflammation play a role in TDF nephrotoxicity. The present study is aimed at investigating whether melatonin, a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, protects against TDF nephrotoxicity in rats.

Methods: Adult male rats were used for the study. Some rats received 600 mg/kg body weight TDF by gavage for 35 days, while others received once daily 20 mg/kg body weight melatonin i.p. 2 h before TDF administration. All the rats were sacrificed on the 36th day, after overnight fast.

Results: Melatonin pretreatment protected the rats against TDF nephrotoxicity both histologically and biochemically. Biochemically, melatonin pretreatment attenuated TDF-induced renal oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, and inflammation and preserved proximal tubular function. Histologically, melatonin pretreatment prevented TDF-induced proximal tubular injury and mitochondrial injury such as swelling, disruption of cristae, and deposition of amorphous material in the matrix. It restored the lysosomal and mitochondrial numbers in the proximal tubules also.

Conclusions: Melatonin pretreatment protects rats from tenofovir-induced damage to proximal tubular mitochondria by attenuating oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, and inflammation. This suggests that it may be useful in ameliorating TDF nephrotoxicity in humans.
PKC-δ isozyme gene silencing restores vascular function in diabetic rats
Authors: Klymenko Kateryna , Novokhatska Tetiana , Kizub Igor , Parshikov Alexander , Dosenko Viktor , Soloviev Anatoly 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background: Endothelium and K+ channel functionality in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) regulates vascular function and is exposed to damage in diabetes. The regulatory enzyme protein kinase C (PKC) is known to play a key role in vascular tone regulation in health and disease. In this study, we evaluated the effect of PKC-δ gene silencing using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) on endothelial dysfunction and acquired potassium channelopathy in vascular SMCs in diabetes.

Methods: The experimental design comprised diabetes induction by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) in rats, RNA interference, isolated aortic ring contractile recordings, whole-cell patch-clamp technique, measurements of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Animals were killed by cervical dislocation following ketamine (45 mg/kg, i.p.) and xylazine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) anesthesia administration on the third month of diabetes and on the seventh day after intravenous injection of siRNAs.

Results: The aortas of diabetic rats demonstrated depressed endothelium-dependent relaxation and integral SMCs outward K+ currents as compared with those of controls. On the seventh day, PKC-δ gene silencing effectively restored K+ currents and increased the amplitude of vascular relaxation up to control levels. An increased level of PKC-δ mRNA in diabetic aortas appeared to be reduced after targeted PKC-δ gene silencing. Similarly, the level of ROS production that was increased in diabetes came back to control values after siRNAs administration.

Conclusions: The silencing of PKC-δ gene expression using siRNAs led to restoration of vasodilator potential in rats with diabetes mellitus. It is likely that the siRNA technique can be a good therapeutic tool to normalize vascular function in diabetes.
Women’s knowledge and attitude towards pregnancy in a high-income developing country
Authors: Alkaabi Mariam S. , Alsenaidi Lamia K. , Mirghani Hisham 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitudes among women in a high-income developing country regarding pregnancy and antenatal care.

Methods: Women who participated in the study were asked to complete a questionnaire. The questionnaire enquired about age, level of education, Internet use, marital status, and employment. It also included questions regarding their knowledge of ultrasound, the effects of sexual activity and other exercise during pregnancy, breast feeding, and premature delivery. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS.

Results: The total number of women included in this study was 205. A total of 115 women (56.1%) thought that the most important benefit of ultrasound was to discover fetal abnormalities. Only 75 (36.6%) thought that regular exercise was not harmful during pregnancy. Of the total respondents 116 (56.6%) of 205 thought that sex during pregnancy was harmful to the fetus or did not know. Age (P=0.001), marital status (P=0.001) and working status (P=0.005) were found to significantly affect their knowledge.

Conclusion: Knowledge about pregnancy among Emirati women is low. There is a need for effective prenatal classes that focus on educating women about issues related to pregnancy and antenatal care.
Energy absorption capacity of pseudoelastic fiber-reinforced composites
Authors: Sayyar Mohammad , Balachandra Anagi M. , Soroushian Parviz 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPseudoelastic fiber-reinforced metal matrix composite with enhanced ductility and energy absorption capacity was developed. This composite system relies on the distributed nature of large pseudoelastic strains to mitigate localization of inelastic deformation and failure, and thus mobilizes a major fraction of volume for effective energy absorption. The pseudoelastic fibers were made of Ni-Ti-Cr alloy used in conjunction with two different matrices, aluminum and copper. Tension and pull-out tests were performed to evaluate the ductility and energy absorption capacity of control and pseudoelastic fiber-reinforced composites. Experimental results confirmed the ability of pseudoelastic fibers to induce distributed inelastic deformation within metal matrix composites for realizing major gains in ductility and energy absorption capacity.
Network Effects in Countries' Adoption of IFRS
Authors: Ramanna Karthik , Sletten Ewa 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT:
If the differences in accounting standards across countries reflect relatively stable institutional differences, why did several countries rapidly adopt IFRS in the 2003–2008 period? We test the hypothesis that perceived network benefits from the extant worldwide adoption of IFRS can explain part of a country's shift away from local accounting standards. We find that perceived network benefits increase the degree of IFRS harmonization among countries and that smaller countries have a differentially higher response to these benefits. Further, economic ties with the European Union are a particularly important source of network effects. The results, robust to numerous alternative hypotheses and specifications, suggest IFRS adoption was self-reinforcing during the sample period, which, in turn, has implications for the consequences of IFRS adoption.
Data Availability: Most data are available from public sources identified in the text; hand-collected data are available upon request.
Radionuclide x-ray fluorescence analysis of selected elements in agrimony tea samples with preconcentration
Authors: V. Mikušová , O. Lukačovičová , E. Havránek 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The contents of selected elements (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg and Pb) in samples of loose tea of agrimony “Repikovy čaj” (Agrimonia eupatoria L.) were studied in this work. Identification and determination of the selected elements content were performed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry - the nuclear analytical method based on the interaction between low-energy gamma and X radiation and analysed substance. Solid form samples were pressed in tablets and directly analysed. Prepared infusions were analysed after the preconcentration of the elements using precipitation with thioacetamide and ammonium diethyldithiocarbamate with subsequent filtration of created precipitates through a nitrocellulose filter. Detection limits obtained from both methods were compared and their suitability for elemental analysis of plant preparations was discussed.
Somatic, mood, and vasomotor symptoms at midlife in relation to family structure and household workloads in Sylhet, Bangladesh
Authors: Sharmeen Taniya , Sievert Lynnette Leidy , Begum Khurshida , Chowdhury Osul , Muttukrishna Shanthi , Bentley Gillian R. 
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this study was to test whether the frequencies of vasomotor, somatic, and emotional symptoms at midlife were associated with household composition or workloads. Patrilocal family arrangements are common in Bangladesh and, since mothers-in-law hold a position of power vis-à-vis their daughters-in-law, we hypothesized that living with a mother-in-law would increase the likelihood of symptoms at midlife, while living with a daughter-in-law would decrease likelihood of symptoms. We also hypothesised that women with high levels of household workloads would be more likely to report symptoms associated with midlife.
Women aged 35–59 living in Sylhet, Bangladesh, (n=157) participated in interviews and anthropometric measures. Symptom frequencies during the past two weeks were collected. Household workloads were computed as minutes spent in housework, caring for dependents, and cooking. Daily values were multiplied by times per week the activity was carried out. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between family composition, workloads, and symptoms.
Dizzy spells, nervous tension, lack of energy, aches/stiffness in joints, and trouble sleeping were most frequent. Hot flashes were reported by 46% of participants. Women spent more hours caring for dependents than cooking or doing housework. The likelihood of hot flashes increased with time spent in housework and cooking, with daughters in the household, and with chewing betel nut. Daughters-in-law in the household decreased the likelihood of hot flashes. The likelihood of nervous tension increased with peri-menopausal status, stress, and sons in the household, and decreased with more hours spent caring for dependents.
The frequency of somatic symptoms and depressed mood exceeded the frequency of hot flashes. Household composition and workloads were more important than menopausal status in explaining variation in symptom frequencies. After controlling for other variables, the presence of mothers-in-law did not increase the likelihood of reporting symptoms at midlife; however, the presence of a daughter-in-law reduced the likelihood of hot flashes, perhaps because of fewer hours spent on housework and cooking.
The effect of the R&D fi nancing reform on production of results in the Czech Republic
Authors: Vaněček Jiří 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The Czech R&D underwent 2 major changes in the past 10 years. Evaluation of R&D institutions according to their results has been started in 2004 and the reform of the institutional financing has been announced in 2008. Starting from 2009, the institutional support has been distributed according to the evaluation. Our study analyses the impact of these changes on production of R&D results.
Throughout the whole analyzed period 1996-2011, the numbers of publications in journal indexed in Scopus and of EPO patent applications grew faster in the Czech Republic than in 8 other European countries. The fastest growth occurred in the period 2004-2007 after the start of evaluation, but it slowed down after the announcement of the financing reform in 2008. It indicates that financing reform did not have the expected positive impact on result production. The increase of result number was probably due to the fast growth of the R&D financing. It is possible, however, that acceleration of the growth of R&D results could have been partly due to the evaluation of the institutions. Another problem is quality of the results. Citation impact of the Czech publications is the lowest of all analyzed countries. Numbers of the newly concluded patent license contracts and the receipts from them do not increase and are the lowest of all analyzed countries. It is therefore clear that currently used instruments do not fulfill their role and new stimuli supporting the growth of the quality are needed.
Forecast changes for heat and cold stress in Warsaw in the 21st century, and their possible influence on mortality risk
Authors: Błażejczyk Krzysztof , Idzikowska Danuta , Błażejczyk Anna 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper presents the results of research dealing with forecast changes in the frequency of occurrence of heat and cold stress in Warsaw (Poland) in the years 2001-2100, and the possible influence these may exert on mortality risk. Heat and cold stress were assessed by reference to the U niversal T hermal C limate I ndex (UTC I), for which values were calculated using meteorological data derived from the MPI-M-RE MO regional climate model, at a with spatial resolution of 25 × 25 km. The simulations used boundary conditions from the EC HAMP5 Global Climate Model, for SRES scenario A1B. Predictions of mortality rate were in turn based on experimental epidemiological data from the period 1993-2002. Medical data consist of daily numbers of deaths within the age category above 64 years (TM64+). It proved possible to observe a statistically significant relationship between UTC I and mortality rates, this serving as a basis for predicting possible changes in mortality in the 21st century due to changing conditions as regards heat and cold stress.
Demographic processes: past, present and future − selected issues
Authors: Frątczak Ewa Zofia 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis papers refers to demographic processes in the period from the 19th century through to the present and tries to define what they will look like in the future. Demographic trends i.a. relating to fertility, mortality, migrations, the process of family-union-household formation and dissolution, and the process of population ageing, are described by the concepts of demographic transformations: first, second and third. The transformation of demographic trends has coexisted and will coexist with globalization processes, though the scope of the mutual influence changes over time. Despite the fact that it takes place in various geographical regions, the transformation of demographic trends is characterised by high cultural diversity and socio-economic development.