bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency endoscopy for acute gastrointestinal bleeding: Prognostic value of endoscopic hemostasis and the AIMS65 score in Japanese patients
Authors: Nakamura Shotaro , Matsumoto Takayuki , Sugimori Hiroshi , Esaki Motohiro , Kitazono Takanari , Hashizume Makoto 
Published: October 2013

Background and AimTo evaluate the prognostic factors, including risk scores (Glasgow‐Blatchford score and AIMS65) in patients with acute upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding.MethodsThe medical records of patients who had undergone emergency gastrointestinal endoscopy for suspected gastrointestinal bleeding during the past 5 years were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsA total of 232 endoscopies (130 esophagogastroduodenoscopies, 102 colonoscopies) for 192 patients met the inclusion criteria. Median age was 66 years, and 64% of patients were males. Endoscopy identified causes for bleeding in 173 patients (post‐endoscopic interventions for neoplastic lesions in 36 cases, colonic diverticula in 34, gastroduodenal ulcers in 29, gastric erosions in 15, vascular ectasia in 14, post‐biopsy bleeding in 13, malignant tumors in 10, inflammatory conditions in nine, esophagogastric varices in five, Mallory‐Weiss tears in four, nasalbleeding in three, and injury by swallowed blister pack in one), whereas the source of bleeding remained obscure in 19 patients. Blood transfusion was given in 97 patients (51%), and 97 (51%) underwent endoscopic hemostasis. During the follow‐up period, 49 patients (26%) experienced rebleeding, seven of whom were treated by interventional radiology. Thirty‐nine patients (20%) died as a result of various diseases. The probabilities of overall survival (OS) after 3 and 5 years were 71% and 67%, respectively. Cox multivariate analysis revealed blood transfusion, co‐existing malignancy, absence of endoscopic hemostasis, and high AIMS65 score to be independent prognostic factors for poor OS.ConclusionThe AIMS65 score is useful for predicting the prognosis of patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding.
Angiogenesis is increased in advanced haemophilic joint disease and characterised by normal pericyte coverage
Authors: Zetterberg Eva , Palmblad Jan , Wallensten Rickard , Morfini Massimo , Melchiorre Daniela , Holmström Margareta 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundRepeated intra‐articular bleedings in patients with haemophilia results in a crippling arthropathy for which no specific treatment is currently available. Recent studies have shown that neoangiogenesis is involved in the pathologic process. The aim of this study was to determine whether angiogenesis is dysregulated in haemophilic joint disease (HJD).MethodsSynovial tissue and synovial fluid were collected from patients with severe haemophilia undergoing knee or hip replacement and from a control group consisting of non‐haemophilic patients undergoing diagnostic procedures. In a second set of patients, blood samples were collected in patients with mild, moderate and severe haemophilia A when free from current bleeding. Analysis of microvascular density, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and pericyte coverage was performed by immunofluorescence. Analyses of VEGF concentrations in plasma, platelet lysates and synovial fluid were performed by ELISA.ResultsMicrovascular density and VEGF expression were significantly increased in synovial tissue from haemophilic patients compared with controls (P = 0.005 and P = 0.02, respectively). There was no difference in pericyte coverage of synovial vessels or levels of VEGF in plasma, platelet lysates or synovial fluid.ConclusionsAngiogenesis observed as synovial microvascular density, and VEGF expression is increased in HJD. As pericyte coverage was similar in synovial vessels from haemophilic and non‐haemophilic patients, we assume that the vessels were mature, suggesting that the rate of new vessel formation is low in the chronic phase of haemophilic joint disease.
Switching clotting factor concentrates: considerations in estimating the risk of immunogenicity
Authors: Matino D. , Lillicrap D. , Astermark J. , Dolan G. , Kessler C. , Lambert T. , Makris M. , O'Donnell J. , Pipe S. , Santagostino E. , Saint‐Remy J.‐M. , Schramm W. , Iorio A. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe development of neutralizing antibodies to factor VIII (FVIII) is the most serious complication of therapy for haemophilia A. There is now excellent documentation that a large number of both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the risk of FVIII inhibitor incidence. One of the environmental factors that has been proposed as an influence on this complication is the occurrence of FVIII product switching. There are only a small number of clinical studies that have addressed this question, and thus, the amount of objective information available to assess this association is limited. In this review, in addition to summarizing past evidence pertinent to this subject, we present the results of a complementary strategy, a Delphi analysis, to add to the considerations of product switching and FVIII immunogenicity. With the imminent arrival in the clinic of several new FVIII products, the haemophilia community must be prepared to collect prospectively controlled data to better address this important management issue.
Insomnia and Periodicity of Headache in an Arctic Cluster Headache Population
Authors: Ofte Hilde K. , Berg Diana H. , Bekkelund Svein I. , Alstadhaug Karl B. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of chronic insomnia and the periodicity of headache attacks in an Arctic cluster headache population.BackgroundCluster headache is a sleep‐related disorder, and attacks have both circadian and circannual rhythmicity.MethodsThrough a retrospective hospital chart review, we identified all subjects diagnosed with episodic cluster headache (ICD‐10 G 44.0) at the Neurological Departments in Northern Norway (located north of 66°33′N) between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2010. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis (ICHD‐2) received a comprehensive questionnaire covering demographic data, clinical characteristics, sleep, and periodicity of attacks.ResultsA total of 196 subjects were registered, and 178 received the questionnaire. The response rate was 88/178 (49%). Fifty‐eight men (aged 49.2 ± 13.6) and 12 women (aged 49.7 ± 15.5) were included. Forty percent of the responders suffered from chronic insomnia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition). Forty‐nine percent of the responders and 42% of the non‐responders were shift workers, which is much higher than compared with the general population (24%). Insomnia was significantly associated with shift work and experiencing longer‐lasting cluster bouts. One third attributed their insomnia to the cluster headache. Thirty‐seven percent reported a seasonal predilection of the cluster periods, and 58% a diurnal periodicity of attacks. Eighty percent often or always had headache attacks during sleep, the most frequent time interval being at 12:00‐4:00 am. Shift workers were significantly more likely to see lack of sleep as a cluster attack trigger than daytime workers.ConclusionsChronic insomnia and shift work seem to be common among Arctic cluster headache patients. The small number of subjects included in this study implies that conclusions should be drawn with caution, but the findings support the idea of cluster headache as a circadian rhythm disorder.
Cytochrome P4503A activity affects the gender difference in the development of steroid‐induced osteonecrosis in rabbits
Authors: Ikemura Satoshi , Yamamoto Takuaki , Motomura Goro , Yamaguchi Ryosuke , Zhao Garida , Iwasaki Kenyu , Iwamoto Yukihide 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate cytochrome P4503A activity and its correlation with the development of osternecrosis (ON) among male and female steroid‐treated rabbits. Forty adult rabbits (male, n = 20; female, n = 20) were injected once with 20 mg/kg of methylprednisolone intramuscularly. Haematologically, cytochrome P4503A activity was measured by plasma 1′‐hydroxymidazolam‐to‐midazolam (1′‐OH‐MDZ/MDZ) ratio just before and 48 h after the steroid injection. We also measured the levels of oestradiol every week. Both femora and humeri were histopathologically examined for the presence of ON. Fifteen of 20 male rabbits (75%) developed ON, while 6 of 20 female rabbits (30%) did so. There was a significant difference in the rate of incidence of ON between male and female rabbits (P = 0.010). The 1′‐OH‐MDZ/MDZ ratio in female rabbits just before, as well as 48 h after the steroid injection was significantly higher than that in male rabbits (P = 0.039 and P = 0.001 respectively). In addition, 1′‐OH‐MDZ/MDZ ratio in female rabbits significantly increased in 48 h after the steroid injection (P = 0.044), while that in male rabbits did not so (P = 0.978). The levels of oestradiol in female rabbits were significantly higher than those in male rabbits during the experimental period (P = 0.008). In conclusion, this study indicates that the gender difference in cytochrome P4503A activity may be one of the important factors for the development of steroid‐induced ON, possibly due to the effects of oestradiol.
Melatonin prevents pancreatic β‐cell loss due to glucotoxicity: the relationship between oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Park Jae‐Hyung , Shim Hye‐Min , Na Ann‐Yae , Bae Ki‐Cheor , Bae Jae‐Hoon , Im Seung‐Soon , Cho Ho‐Chan , Song Dae‐Kyu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractProlonged hyperglycemia results in pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction and apoptosis, referred to as glucotoxicity. Although both oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses have been implicated as major causative mechanisms of β‐cell glucotoxicity, the reciprocal importance between the two remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differential effect of oxidative stress and ER stress on β‐cell glucotoxicity, by employing melatonin which has free radical‐scavenging and antioxidant properties. As expected, in β‐cells exposed to prolonged high glucose levels, cell viability and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were significantly impaired. Melatonin treatment markedly attenuated cellular apoptosis by scavenging reactive oxygen species via its plasmalemmal receptor‐independent increase in antioxidant enzyme activity. However, treatments with antioxidants alone were insufficient to recover the impaired GSIS. Interestingly, 4‐phenylbutyric acid (4‐PBA), a chemical chaperone that attenuate ER stress by stabilizing protein structure, alleviated the impaired GSIS, but not apoptosis, suggesting that glucotoxicity induces oxidative and ER stress independently. We found that cotreatment of glucotoxic β‐cells with melatonin and 4‐PBA dramatically improved both their survival and insulin secretion. Taken together, these results suggest that ER stress may be the more critical mechanism for prolonged high‐glucose‐induced GSIS impairment, whereas oxidative stress appears to be more critical for the impaired β‐cell viability. Therefore, combinatorial therapy of melatonin with an ER stress modifier may help recover pancreatic β‐cells under glucotoxic conditions in type 2 diabetes.
Range expansion, genetic differentiation, and phenotypic adaption of Hippophaë neurocarpa (Elaeagnaceae) on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: KOU Yi‐Xuan , WU Yu‐Xia , JIA Dong‐Rui , LI Zhong‐Hu , WANG Yu‐Jin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPlant species shift ranges in response to climate fluctuation over time. However, differentiation related to heterogeneity in space has been illustrated only rarely. Here we selected Hippophaë neurocarpa S. W. Liu & T. N. Ho (Elaeagnaceae), a shrub endemic to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, to exemplify this process. We characterized the genotypic, phenotypic, and climatic variations among 27 populations of this species sampled across its entire distribution. Genotype analyses revealed six highly differentiated groups that may have resulted from expansions in spatial range. Despite recent fluctuation in size, it is likely that most groups survived the last glacial maximum in situ. Instead of two previously described subspecies, we identified four morphotypes (stellate, peltate, and two additional types) that can be characterized based on leaf trichomes. This phenotypic subdivision is consistent with a climate gradient defined by temperature and precipitation, although similar phenotypes may derive from distinct genotypes. Collectively, we propose that the demographic history of H. neurocarpa is characteristic of an early spatial range expansion combined with a recent bottleneck, subsequently subdivided into multiple morphotypes following local adaption to heterogeneous climates.
Sexual Function in Post-Stroke Patients: Considerations for Rehabilitation
Authors: Rosenbaum Talli , Vadas Dor , Kalichman Leonid 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Introduction
While the rehabilitation goals of post-stroke patients include improving quality of life and returning to functional activities, the extent to which sexual activity is addressed as part of the standard rehabilitation process is unknown. Moreover, the specific sexual concerns of stroke patients, including the effect of stroke on intimate relationships and sexuality of the partner, the ability to physically engage in sex, and the effect of psychological components such as role identity, depression, and anxiety on sexuality, all warrant examination by rehabilitation professionals.

Aim
The aim of this study is to examine the existing literature on sexuality and stroke patients in order to better understand how the sexual lives of stroke patients and their partners are affected and to provide recommendations to rehabilitation professionals for addressing sexuality as part of treatment.

Methods
Narrative review, PubMed, PEDro, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases (inception—December 2012) were searched for the key words “stroke,” “sexual dysfunction,” “sexuality,” “quality of life,” and their combination. All relevant articles in English and secondary references were reviewed.

Main Outcome Measures
We report the results of the literature review.

Results
Sexual dysfunction and decreased sexual satisfaction are common in the post-stroke population and are related to physical, psychosocial, and relational factors. However, they are not adequately addressed in post-stroke rehabilitation.

Conclusions
As sexual function is an important component to quality of life and activities of daily living, physicians and rehabilitation specialists, including physical, occupational, and speech therapists, should receive training in addressing sexuality in the treatment of post-stroke patients. Sexologists and sex therapists should be an integral part of the rehabilitation team.
Linear and Nonlinear Rheology of Mixed Polysaccharide Gels. Pt. II. Extrusion, Compression, Puncture and Extension Tests and Correlation with Sensory Evaluation
Authors: Brenner Tom , Hayakawa Fumiyo , Ishihara Sayaka , Tanaka Yoshimi , Nakauma Makoto , Kohyama Kaoru , Achayuthakan Piyada , Funami Takahiro , Nishinari Katsuyoshi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe report on an extrusion test and its correlation with sensory perception. The extrusion test was implemented on a texture analyzer and applied to single‐component or composite polysaccharide gels. The extrusion force did not depend strongly on the volumetric flow rate, indicating a predominantly elastic contribution to the force. The extrusion force correlated highly with sensory perception of the cutting effort and its ratio to the elastic modulus correlated highly with perception of the extensibility. A combination of the Young's modulus and the extrusion force correlated well with perception of firmness. The robust correlations depended weakly on the flow rate in extrusion, but were much higher for tapering ratios T ≥ 4.5 than for T = 2.5. Notably, the correlation obtained was higher than that with texture profile analysis parameters. We show the correlation of several empirical and fundamental large deformation tests with texture, and suggest that the higher correlation with extrusion reflects the closer mixed‐mode deformation in mastication.Practical ApplicationsThe report highlights correlation of parameters from empirical and fundamental rheological tests with sensory evaluation. The forces generated in an empirical extrusion test emerge as appropriate and reliable descriptors of several sensory attributes. The approach outlined is appropriate in general for textural mapping of semisolid and solid foods with an apparent yield stress.
Pleistocene Chinese cave hyenas and the recent Eurasian history of the spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta
Authors: Sheng Gui‐Lian , Soubrier Julien , Liu Jin‐Yi , Werdelin Lars , Llamas Bastien , Thomson Vicki A. , Tuke Jonathan , Wu Lian‐Juan , Hou Xin‐Dong , Chen Quan‐Jia , Lai Xu‐Long , Cooper Alan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe living hyena species (spotted, brown, striped and aardwolf) are remnants of a formerly diverse group of more than 80 fossil species, which peaked in diversity in the Late Miocene (about 7–8 Ma). The fossil history indicates an African origin, and morphological and ancient DNA data have confirmed that living spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) of Africa were closely related to extinct Late Pleistocene cave hyenas from Europe and Asia. The current model used to explain the origins of Eurasian cave hyena populations invokes multiple migrations out of Africa between 3.5–0.35 Ma. We used mitochondrial DNA sequences from radiocarbon‐dated Chinese Pleistocene hyena specimens to examine the origin of Asian populations, and temporally calibrate the evolutionary history of spotted hyenas. Our results support a far more recent evolutionary timescale (430–163 kya) and suggest that extinct and living spotted hyena populations originated from a widespread Eurasian population in the Late Pleistocene, which was only subsequently restricted to Africa. We developed statistical tests of the contrasting population models and their fit to the fossil record. Coalescent simulations and Bayes Factor analysis support the new radiocarbon‐calibrated timescale and Eurasian origins model. The new Eurasian biogeographic scenario proposed for the hyena emphasizes the role of the vast steppe grasslands of Eurasia in contrast to models only involving Africa. The new methodology for combining genetic and geological data to test contrasting models of population history will be useful for a wide range of taxa where ancient and historic genetic data are available.
IdeR is required for iron homeostasis and virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Pandey Ruchi , Rodriguez G. Marcela 
Published: October 2013

SummaryIron is an essential but potentially harmful nutrient, poorly soluble in aerobic conditions, and not freely available in the human host. To acquire iron, bacteria have evolved high affinity iron acquisition systems that are expressed under iron limitation often in conjunction with virulence determinants. Because excess iron can be dangerous, intracellular iron must be tightly controlled. In mycobacteria, IdeR functions as a global iron dependent transcriptional regulator, but because inactivation of ideR is lethal for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it has not been possible to use genetics to fully characterize this protein's function or examine the requirement of iron regulation during tuberculosis infection. In this work, a conditional M. tuberculosis ideR mutant was generated and used to study the basis of IdeR's essentiality. This investigation uncovered positive regulation of iron storage as a critical aspect of IdeR's function in regular culture and a prominent factor for survival under stresses associated with life in macrophages. Moreover, this study demonstrates that IdeR is indispensable in the mouse model of tuberculosis, thereby linking iron homeostasis to virulence in M. tuberculosis.
Very late relapse of PTLD 10 yr after allogeneic HSCT and nine yr after stopping immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Helgestad Jon , Rosthøj Steen , Pedersen Morten Høgild , Johansen Preben , Iyer Victor , Østergaard Erik , Heilmann Carsten 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe present a very late onset relapse of PTLD 10 yr after allogeneic HSCT in a patient in third remission for ALL, nine yr after the first episode of PTLD. The recipient was conditioned with fractionated TBI 12 Gy, cyclophosphamide, and horse ATG. The first episode of PTLD with a large retroperitoneal tumor occurred one yr after transplantation; a residual tumor infiltrating spleen and colon was resected one yr later. Due to continual pathological signals in liver and lungs, persistent fever, and an M‐component in peripheral blood, a new course of four rituximab doses was given, after which the fever settled, the PET scan normalized, and the M‐component disappeared. Without any ongoing immunosuppressive therapy, PTLD relapsed nine yr later with large intra‐abdominal lymph node masses causing ureteric obstruction with bilateral hydronephrosis. Pathological features were identical to the primary PTLD tumor: EBV related, of donor origin, positive for CD138 and CD79 alpha, but negative for CD20 and CD19. The transcription factor PAX5 was negative but BOB1 and OCT2 were positive, consistent with plasmablastic lymphoma. The relapse was successfully treated with a combination of low dose chemotherapy and rituximab. Five yr after end of treatment, the girl has moderately reduced renal function but otherwise remains well without evidence of disease.
Multiplication of Acidovorax citrulli in planta during infection of melon seedlings requires the ability to synthesize leucine
Authors: Ren Z. G. , Jiang W. J. , Ni X. Y. , Lin M. , Zhang W. , Tian G. Z. , Zhang L. Q. 
Published: October 2013

Acidovorax citrulli causes seedling blight and bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of cucurbits, a serious disease threat to cucurbit seed and fruit production worldwide. Despite its economic importance, current knowledge on the biology and pathology of A. citrulli is limited. This work studies a mini‐Tn5 mutant, MJ22‐3, that showed reduced virulence on melon seedlings. The gene disrupted by Tn5 was identified as leuB, which encodes a putative 3‐isopropylmalate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that appears to be essential for leucine biosynthesis. The leuB gene in‐frame deletion mutant MΔleuB, as well as the Tn5‐inserted mutant MJ22‐3, failed to grow in minimal medium without leucine and exhibited reduced swimming motility; however, the mutations had no effect on biofilm formation or induction of the hypersensitive response on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). When inoculated at a low cell density (104 CFU mL−1), the leuB gene mutants showed a significantly slower growth rate and attenuated virulence on melon cotyledons compared to the wildtype MH21. However, inoculations with the mutants at high concentration (108 CFU mL−1), or low concentration (104 CFU mL−1) inoculations supplemented with 0·01% leucine resulted in growth rates and disease severities similar to that of the wildtype MH21. The results suggest that leucine biosynthesis is essential for both in vivo growth and full virulence of A. citrulli MH21 on melon seedlings.