bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid identification of the Leptosphaeria maculans avirulence gene AvrLm2 using an intraspecific comparative genomics approach
Authors: Ghanbarnia Kaveh , Fudal Isabelle , Larkan Nicholas J. , Links Matthew G. , Balesdent Marie‐Hélène , Profotova Bronislava , Fernando W. G. Dilantha , Rouxel Thierry , Borhan M. Hossein 
Published: December 2014

SummaryFive avirulence genes from Leptosphaeria maculans, the causal agent of blackleg of canola (Brassica napus), have been identified previously through map‐based cloning. In this study, a comparative genomic approach was used to clone the previously mapped AvrLm2. Given the lack of a presence–absence gene polymorphism coincident with the AvrLm2 phenotype, 36 L. maculans isolates were resequenced and analysed for single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in predicted small secreted protein‐encoding genes present within the map interval. Three SNPs coincident with the AvrLm2 phenotype were identified within LmCys1, previously identified as a putative effector‐coding gene. Complementation of a virulent isolate with LmCys1, as the candidate AvrLm2 allele, restored the avirulent phenotype on Rlm2‐containing B. napus lines. AvrLm2 encodes a small cysteine‐rich protein with low similarity to other proteins in the public databases. Unlike other avirulence genes, AvrLm2 resides in a small GC island within an AT‐rich isochore of the genome, and was never found to be deleted completely in virulent isolates.
A 25‐year experience of kidney transplantation in Thailand: Report from the Thai Transplant Registry
Authors: Noppakun Kajohnsak , Ingsathit Atiporn , Pongskul Cholatip , Premasthian Nalinee , Avihingsanon Yingyos , Lumpaopong Adisorn , Vareesangthip Kriangsak , Sumethkul Vasant ,   Subcommittee for Kidney Transplant Registry and Thai Transplantation Society
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimTo report the kidney transplant activity and survival data during the past 25 years from the Thai Transplant Registry.MethodsBy using the registry database that was collected and updated yearly by 26 transplant centres across the country, we have reported the donor, recipient, and transplant characteristics during the past 25 years from 1987 to 2012. The primary outcome was graft loss that was defined as return to dialysis, graft removal, retransplant, or patient death.Results465 kidney transplants were performed in 2012, an 8.1% and 23.0% increase in living and deceased donor transplants compared to the previous year, respectively. Between 1987 and 2012 with the data of 3808 recipients, patient survival and graft survival improved significantly. Traffic accident was the most common cause of death in brain‐dead donors. Additionally, the most common cause of end‐stage kidney disease was glomerulonephritis. Infection has been among the most common causes of death in kidney transplant recipients.ConclusionWe have reported the total number, the graft and the patient survival data of kidney transplant recipients in Thailand for the period from 1987 to 2012. Although the number of patients is much lower than that in the developed countries, the patients and the graft survival rates are comparable.
Relationships between attitudes toward sexuality, sexual behaviors, and contraceptive practices among Chinese medical and nursing undergraduates
Authors: Zeng Yingchun , Luo Taizhen , Zhou Ying 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this study, we investigated attitudes toward sexuality, the prevalence of sexual behaviors and contraceptive use among Chinese medical and nursing undergraduates, and relationships between attitudes toward sexuality and sexual and contraceptive practices among these participants. This was a descriptive, cross‐sectional study carried out by using a Personal Attitude toward Sexuality Scale and Sexual and Contraceptive Questionnaire. The participants were recruited in the researcher's lectures. A total of 158 participants joined this study. Overall, Chinese medical and nursing undergraduates in this study held relatively conservative attitudes toward sexuality. The prevalence of sexually‐active students was relatively low, and the percentage of contraceptive use among those sexually‐active students was also low. Participants’ attitudes toward sexuality had statistically‐significant effects on their sexual and contraceptive practices. Nearly half of the sexually‐active participants reported never using any contraceptive method during sexual intercourse. This finding has important public health implications, as young people represent the group with the largest rate of new infections of HIV/AIDS in China. A more comprehensive sexual education program that extends to college undergraduates and promotes the social acceptability of using contraception, specifically condoms, is needed.
Phosphorus limitation, soil‐borne pathogens and the coexistence of plant species in hyperdiverse forests and shrublands
Authors: Laliberté Etienne , Lambers Hans , Burgess Treena I. , Wright S. Joseph 
Published: December 2014

SummaryHyperdiverse forests occur in the lowland tropics, whereas the most species‐rich shrublands are found in regions such as south‐western Australia (kwongan) and South Africa (fynbos). Despite large differences, these ecosystems share an important characteristic: their soils are strongly weathered and phosphorus (P) is a key growth‐limiting nutrient. Soil‐borne pathogens are increasingly being recognized as drivers of plant diversity in lowland tropical rainforests, but have received little attention in species‐rich shrublands. We suggest a trade‐off in which the species most proficient at acquiring P have ephemeral roots that are particularly susceptible to soil‐borne pathogens. This could equalize out the differences in competitive ability among co‐occurring species in these ecosystems, thus contributing to coexistence. Moreover, effective protection against soil‐borne pathogens by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi might explain the occurrence of monodominant stands of ECM trees and shrubs amongst otherwise species‐rich communities. We identify gaps in our knowledge which need to be filled in order to evaluate a possible link between P limitation, fine root traits, soil‐borne pathogens and local plant species diversity. Such a link may help to explain how numerous plant species can coexist in hyperdiverse rainforests and shrublands, and, conversely, how monodominant stands can develop in these ecosystems.

Contents

Summary
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I.
Hyperdiverse forests and shrublands
507

II.
Evidence for P limitation
509

III.
Negative density dependence
510

IV.
The importance of soil‐borne pathogens
510

V.
A trade‐off between efficient P acquisition and fine root defence?
512

VI.
Perspectives
516

VII.
Conclusions
518

Acknowledgements
518

References
518
Removal of wood fragments from the maxillary sinus: a case report
Authors: Azoubel E. , Carneiro M.C. , Azoubel M.C.F. , Ribeiro N.C.R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA foreign body in the maxillary sinus is an uncommon finding that could arise from traumatic conditions or iatrogenic dental treatments. Among non‐odontogenic foreign bodies, it is possible to find glass, stones, wood and projectiles. Ultrasonography is a very sensitive feature in the perception of less dense objects, the most effective when compared with radiography and computed tomography, as the test of choice to assist in surgical removal of foreign body. Recurrent infections, neuralgia, chemical poisoning, antrolith formation and cutaneous fistulae may result from the presence of foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus. To avoid complications the foreign body must be removed either by the classical surgical Caldwell‐Luc technique or through the endoscopic procedures. This is a report of a clinical case in which wood fragments traumatically introduced were removed from the maxillary sinus by the classical surgical Caldwell‐Luc technique.
Cryotherapy application in third molar surgery: a review of the literature
Authors: Taneja P. , Chowlia H.K. , Ezzeldin M. , Kaur S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimTo review the literature on the different methods and application regimes of cryotherapy, and investigate its effects with respect to the removal of third molars.Materials and methodsA search was conducted through PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane electronic databases. The publications included for the review were those that investigated any form of cryotherapy and the removal of third molars. Additionally a manual search of the reference lists of included articles were reviewed.ResultsThe literature search resulted in 111 articles, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria. Outcomes of interest included body temperature, efficacy of pain control, facial swelling, neurological scores, occurrence of inflammation, pain patient, satisfaction, quality of life, trismus and wound healing.ConclusionThe review has found that there have been a variety of cooling methods investigated, with the effects assessed postoperatively. Cryotherapy in the form of continuous cooling was shown to have significant effects on postoperative mouth opening, pain, swelling and improved patient satisfaction over conventional cooling.
Atrial Fibrillation Exacerbates Cognitive Dysfunction and Cerebral Perfusion in Heart Failure
Authors: ALOSCO MICHAEL L. , SPITZNAGEL MARY BETH , SWEET LAWRENCE H. , JOSEPHSON RICHARD , HUGHES JOEL , GUNSTAD JOHN 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundHeart failure (HF) increases risk for cognitive impairment in part due to the negative effects of cardiac dysfunction on cerebral perfusion. Atrial fibrillation (AF), an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment, often accompanies HF and is associated with lower systemic perfusion. However, no study has examined the associations among AF, cognitive function, and cerebral perfusion in patients with HF.MethodsA total of 187 HF patients completed neuropsychological testing and underwent transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Cerebral blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery (CBF‐V) operationalized cerebral perfusion. A medical chart review ascertained AF.ResultsHistory of AF was found in 32.1% of HF patients. HF patients with AF exhibited worse global cognition, memory, and CBF‐V relative to patients without AF. These effects remained after HF severity and other demographic and medical factors were taken into account. Partial correlations controlling for possible confounds showed decreased CBF‐V predicted worse cognition in multiple domains in the overall sample (r = 0.13 to 0.15, P < 0.05) and in the subgroup of HF patients with AF (r = 0.26 to r = 0.28, P < 0.05), but not among HF patients without AF.ConclusionsAF exacerbates cognitive deficits in HF, possibly through its association with decreased cerebral perfusion. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether AF accelerates cognitive decline in HF and whether medical (e.g., ablation) and lifestyle interventions (e.g., exercise programs) that target cerebral perfusion improve cognitive outcomes in patients with HF and AF.
Rapidly Involuting Congenital Hemangioma with Fetal Involution
Authors: Maguiness Sheilagh , Uihlein Lily Changchien , Liang Marilyn G. , Kozakewich Harry , Mulliken John B. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUncommon congenital hemangiomas differ from common infantile hemangiomas in their appearance, postnatal behavior, histopathology, and immunohistologic staining. Two types are well described in the literature: noninvoluting congenital hemangioma (NICH) and rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma (RICH). We report a series of infants with another presentation of congenital hemangioma that arises prenatally and is nearly regressed at birth. This was a retrospective case series. We describe six infants with unusual congenital vascular tumors. Each lesion presented at birth as a violaceous, atrophic plaque with a surrounding pale halo. The lesions involuted in infancy, fading in color and becoming atrophic, with prominent central veins, similar to RICH in the final stage of regression. The distinctive morphology and behavior suggests that these tumors undergo a life cycle of proliferation and involution during fetal life. We describe a new variant of congenital hemangioma that we refer to as rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma with fetal involution.
Outpatient Pediatric Dermatologic Surgery: Experience in 296 Patients
Authors: D'Acunto Carmine , Raone Beatrice , Neri Iria , Passarini Batrice , Patrizi Annalisa 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFrom January 2010 to December 2012, 296 skin biopsies were performed in pediatric patients using only local anesthesia (cream and infiltration). The biopsies were divided into three groups: biopsies of skin neoplasms, biopsies of skin rashes and biopsies of follicular‐centered lesions. Our data demonstrate the possibility of using this procedure, with the dual advantage of eliminating hospitalization and cost savings.
Correlation Between Serum 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D and Virulence Genes of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Colonizing Children with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Gilaberte Yolanda , Sanmartín Rosalía , Aspiroz Carmen , Hernandez‐Martin Angela , Benito Daniel , Sanz‐Puertolas Patricia , Alonso Mercedes , Torrelo Antonio , Torres Carmen 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe skin of children with atopic dermatitis (AD) is colonized with Staphylococcus aureus more frequently than that of their peers. We investigated the prevalence of skin and nares colonization by S. aureus in children with AD, the virulence genes of the isolates, and their association with allergy, AD severity, and serum vitamin D (25(OH)D). This was an observational, cross‐sectional study in a sample of children diagnosed with AD in two settings in Spain. The samples were collected in 2012. Swabs from affected skin and nares were taken for microbiologic culture. The prevalence of S. aureus and presence of 17 staphylococcal virulence genes were studied using polymerase chain reaction. A total of 114 patients with a mean age of 5.7 ± 4.1 (range 3 mos to 14 yrs) were included in the study. Swabs were taken from the skin of 113 individuals with AD and from the nares of 85; 28.3% had S. aureus on the skin, which was significantly associated with positive allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E antibodies and higher Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) scores in the multivariate analysis. The presence of virulence factors tsst‐1, eta, cna, aur, and sec in cutaneous S. aureus isolates was associated with lower serum levels of 25(OH)D. S. aureus on nasal swabs correlated with its presence on the skin and was associated with lower 25(OH)D levels. In conclusion, S. aureus colonization is associated with allergy and severity in AD, whereas certain virulence genes are associated with lower serum 25(OH)D levels.
DASH transcription factor impacts Medicago truncatula seed size by its action on embryo morphogenesis and auxin homeostasis
Authors: Noguero Mélanie , Le Signor Christine , Vernoud Vanessa , Bandyopadhyay Kaustav , Sanchez Myriam , Fu Chunxiang , Torres‐Jerez Ivone , Wen Jiangqi , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Gallardo Karine , Udvardi Michael , Thompson Richard , Verdier Jerome 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe endosperm plays a pivotal role in the integration between component tissues of molecular signals controlling seed development. It has been shown to participate in the regulation of embryo morphogenesis and ultimately seed size determination. However, the molecular mechanisms that modulate seed size are still poorly understood especially in legumes. DASH (DOF Acting in Seed embryogenesis and Hormone accumulation) is a DOF transcription factor (TF) expressed during embryogenesis in the chalazal endosperm of the Medicago truncatula seed. Phenotypic characterization of three independent dash mutant alleles revealed a role for this TF in the prevention of early seed abortion and the determination of final seed size. Strong loss‐of‐function alleles cause severe defects in endosperm development and lead to embryo growth arrest at the globular stage. Transcriptomic analysis of dash pods versus wild‐type (WT) pods revealed major transcriptional changes and highlighted genes that are involved in auxin transport and perception as mainly under‐expressed in dash mutant pods. Interestingly, the exogenous application of auxin alleviated the seed‐lethal phenotype, whereas hormonal dosage revealed a much higher auxin content in dash pods compared with WT. Together these results suggested that auxin transport/signaling may be affected in the dash mutant and that aberrant auxin distribution may contribute to the defect in embryogenesis resulting in the final seed size phenotype.
Mucolipidosis Type IV Protein TRPML1‐Dependent Lysosome Formation
Authors: Miller Austin , Schafer Jessica , Upchurch Cameron , Spooner Ellen , Huynh Julie , Hernandez Sebastian , McLaughlin Brooke , Oden Liam , Fares Hanna 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLysosomes are dynamic organelles that undergo cycles of fusion and fission with themselves and with other organelles. Following fusion with late endosomes to form hybrid organelles, lysosomes are reformed as discrete organelles. This lysosome reformation or formation is a poorly understood process that has not been systematically analyzed and that lacks known regulators. In this study, we quantitatively define the multiple steps of lysosome formation and identify the first regulator of this process.
Growth performance of Vallisneria spiralis under oligotrophic conditions supports its potential invasiveness in mid‐elevation freshwaters
Authors: Bolpagni R , Laini A , Soana E , Tomaselli M , Nascimbene J 
Published: December 2014

SummaryUnder the influence of human‐driven impacts, inland aquatic habitats of intermediate to mid‐high elevations may provide new areas for the establishment of lowland macrophytes that usually act as opportunistic species. Vallisneria spiralis, an obligate lowland macrophyte with an altitudinal range not exceeding 300 m, is a typical component of the plant diversity in meso‐ to eutrophic water habitats. This species is an engineering species in ecosystems, being able to modify the colonised sediments promoting its self‐maintenance under eutrophic conditions. Vallisneria spiralis delivers large amounts of oxygen to roots promoting the loss of nitrogen via denitrification and reducing the internal nutrient load of colonised environments. However, the establishment of the species results in rapid sediment accumulation and the progressive loss of more sensitive macrophytes. Furthermore, V. spiralis is one of the most widespread alien aquatic weeds in Europe. In this study, we evaluated the growth performance of V. spiralis under oligotrophic conditions at the upper limit of its altitudinal distribution using two different techniques: harvesting and leaf‐marking. Vallisneria spiralis proved to be able to grow under oligotrophic conditions, even if at rates lower than those recorded under eutrophic conditions. Accordingly, V. spiralis represents a potential threat for oligotrophic aquatic habitats at moderate elevations. However, the high variability observed in the growth responses highlights the need of further investigation to evaluate the key factors involved in the establishment and survival of the species.
Toward a Better Understanding of the Link Between Parent and Child Physical Activity Levels: The Moderating Role of Parental Encouragement
Authors: Tate Eleanor B. , Shah Anuja , Jones Malia , Pentz Mary Ann , Liao Yue , Dunton Genevieve 
Published: December 2014

Background:Research on adolescent physical activity is mixed regarding the role of parent activity. This study tested parent encouragement, direct modeling, and perceived influence as moderators of objectively-measured (accelerometer) parent and child moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) associations.Methods:Parent-child dyads (n = 423; mean child age = 11.33 yrs.) wore accelerometers for 7 days; parents completed surveys. Hierarchical linear regression models tested moderation using a product of constituent terms interaction.Results:Parent-reported encouragement moderated the association between parent and child MVPA (β = –.15, P = .01, ΔR2 = .02, P < .01). Among parents with lower MVPA, child MVPA was higher for children receiving high encouragement (mean = 3.06, SE = .17) vs. low (mean = 3.03, SE = .15, P = .02) and moderate encouragement (mean = 3.40, SE = .09) vs. low (P = .04).Conclusions:Physical activity promotion programs may use parent encouragement as a tool to boost child activity, but must consider other child and parent characteristics that could attenuate effects.
Physical Activity Patterns Among Somali Adolescents in Minnesota
Authors: Thul Chelsey M. , Eisenberg Marla E. , Larson Nicole , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne 
Published: December 2014

Background:Little is known about the physical activity patterns of Somali adolescents. This study compared time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and participation in specific physical activities among Somali, other Non-Hispanic black and white adolescents.Methods:A subsample of 1,268 adolescents (mean age= 14.6) who completed surveys as part of the EAT 2010 (Eating and Activity in Teens) study was included in analyses. Gender-stratified linear and logistic regressions, controlling for body mass index and demographic characteristics, were conducted to estimate mean weekly hours of self-reported MVPA and mean weekly hours and prevalence of engagement in each of 26 physical activities assessed by ethnic/racial group.Results:Somali girls had lower mean MVPA hours than their peers; however, no differences were found for Somali boys. Involvement in most activities was similar for Somali and other groups, but some differences were observed. For example, Somali youth were more likely to play soccer than their same-sex other black peers (boys: 52.4% vs. 20.4%; girls: 34.6% vs. 14.6%; P < .05). Somali girls also engaged in more hours per week of soccer than their black or white peers.Conclusions:Activities for which Somali youth indicated higher involvement may be particularly relevant for culturally-tailored physical activity programming.
Clustering of Physical Inactivity in Leisure, Work, Commuting, and Household Domains: Data From 47,477 Industrial Workers in Brazil
Authors: Del Duca Giovâni F. , Garcia Leandro Martin Totaro , da Silva Shana Ginar , da Silva Kelly Samara , Oliveira Elusa S. , Barros Mauro V. , Nahas Markus V. 
Published: December 2014

Background:Physical inactivity in each domain (leisure, work, commuting, and household) is not completely independent. This study aimed to describe the clustering of physical inactivity in different domains and its association with sociodemographic factors among Brazilian industrial workers.Methods:This was a cross-sectional, population-based study using data from 23 Brazilian states and the Federal District collected via questionnaires between 2006 and 2008. Physical inactivity in each domain was defined as nonparticipation in specific physical activities. Clustering of physical inactivity was identified using the ratio of the observed (O) and expected (E) percentages of each combination. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographic factors with the outcome.Results:Among the 44,477 interviewees, most combinations exceeded expectations, particularly the clustering of physical inactivity in all domains among men (O/E = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.30; 1.44) and women (O/E = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.36; 1.60). Physical inactivity in 2 or more domains was observed more frequently in women, older age groups, individuals living without a partner, and those with higher education and income levels.Conclusions:Physical inactivity tends to be observed in clusters regardless of gender. Women and workers with higher income levels were the main factors associated with to be physically inactive in 2 or more domains.