bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Cellular Localization of NF‐κB p65 Expression as an Indicator of Different Prognoses of Stage I–III Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Zhou Fang , Wei Hongjun , Ding Aiping , Qiu Wensheng , Feng Lingxin , Zhou Quan , Liang Jun , Yue Lu 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundNuclear factor‐κB p65 (NF‐κB p65) may play a significant role as a biomarker in tumor progression and metastasis. However, the correlation between cellular localization of NF‐κB p65 expression and the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients has not been studied. The present study was designed to investigate the location of NF‐κB p65 expression in GC, and evaluate its correlation with clinicopathological parameters of GC patients.MethodsNF‐κB p65 expressions in GC tissue and corresponding nonmalignant tissue from gastrectomy of 115 stage I–III GC patients were detected by immunohistochemistry. In addition, correlations between the staining results and the clinicopathologic features and survival of the GC patients were analyzed.ResultsThe percentage of NF‐κB p65 expression in GC tissue and the corresponding nonmalignant tissue was 73.9% and 46.80%, respectively. No significant correlation was found between NF‐κB p65 expression and the clinicopathologic parameters. Cox univariate analysis indicated that both nuclear staining and cytoplasmic staining of NF‐κB p65 expression correlated with the prognosis of GC patients (log‐rank, p = 0.0182; p = 0.0144, respectively).ConclusionHigh nuclear expression of NF‐κB p65 is an independent prognostic marker predicting a better survival, while high cytoplasmic staining indicates a worse prognosis of GC patients.
Mentor Training within Academic Health Centers with Clinical and Translational Science Awards
Authors: Abedin Zainab , Rebello Tahilia J. , Richards Boyd F. , Pincus Harold Alan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMultiple studies highlight the benefits of effective mentoring in academic medicine. Thus, we sought to quantify and characterize the mentoring practices at academic health centers (AHCs) with Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA). Here we report findings pertaining specifically to mentor training at the level of the KL2 mentored award program, and at the broader institutional level. We found only four AHCs did not provide any form of training. One‐time orientation was most prevalent at the KL2 level, whereas formal face‐to‐face training was most prevalent at the institutional level. Despite differences in format usage, there was general consensus at both the KL2 and institutional level about the topics of focus of face‐to‐face training sessions. Lower‐resource training formats utilized at the KL2 level may reveal a preference for preselection of qualified mentors, while institutional selection of resource‐heavy formats may be an attempt to raise the mentoring qualifications of the academic community as a whole. The present work fits into the expanding landscape of academic mentoring literature and sets the framework for future longitudinal, outcome studies focused on identifying the most efficient strategies to develop effective mentors.
Photodynamic therapy for skin rejuvenation: treatment options – results of a consensus conference of an expert group for aesthetic photodynamic therapy
Authors: Szeimies Rolf‐Markus , Lischner Stephan , Philipp‐Dormston Wolfgang , Walker Thorsten , Hiepe‐Wegener Dagmar , Feise Konstantin , Podda Maurizio , Prager Welf , Kohl Elisabeth , Karrer Sigrid 
Published: May 2013

SummaryIn addition to providing effective treatment for non‐melanoma skin cancers or their precursors, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has also attracted considerable attention for its use on aesthetic dermatology. In a first consensus publication the mechanisms of action of its photorejuvenation effects and recent studies were presented; in this paper treatment protocols for the different anatomical regions exposed to chronic sun damage like face, neck, décolleté and the back of the hands are given and suitable procedures for pre‐ and after‐care are discussed.
Merits of prophylactic sclerotherapy for esophageal varices concomitant unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Prospective randomized study
Authors: Akahoshi Tomohiko , Tomikawa Morimasa , Tsutsumi Norifumi , Hashizume Makoto , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundSeveral clinical studies of prophylactic therapy for esophageal varices have led to the conclusion that prophylactic therapy is of no value, and it is generally not accepted in the Western world. However, this is not the case in Japan. The present study evaluated the efficacy of prophylactic endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and risky esophageal varices.Patients and MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with ‘likely‐to‐bleed’ esophageal varices concomitant with unresectable HCC were randomly allocated to two groups. Thirteen patients underwent prophylactic EIS (EIS group), whereas the remaining 14 patients were observed conservatively (control group).ResultsNo bleeding from esophageal varices occurred in the EIS group during the entire period of this study, whereas in thecontrol group the cumulative bleeding rate was 44.8% in 6 months. Cumulative survival rates of patients in the EIS group and in the control group were 48.8% and 7.7% in 2 years, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in cumulative bleeding rate and survival rate (P < 0.01).ConclusionThis prospective study demonstrated that prophylactic EIS could prolong the survival of the patients with esophageal varices concomitant with unresectable HCC. Prophylactic EIS for patients with unresectable HCC may be, in part, justified according to the present study.
Mothers vigilantly guard nests after partial brood loss: a cue of nest predation risk in a paper wasp
Authors: FURUICHI SHO , KASUYA EIITI 
Published: May 2013

Parental defence behaviour can reduce the probability of nest predation, but also incurs costs (e.g. less time for foraging). Under variable risk, parental strategies that adjust the amount of defence effort to the prevailing risk will be adaptive.
Although nest predation is typically viewed as an all‐or‐none event, many nests are depredated only partially. Therefore, partial brood loss will indicate the occurrence of nest predation and, as a consequence, high predation risk. However, whether parents use loss of offspring as a cue of predation risk and increase their defence effort after partial brood loss has not been examined.
The study examined whether a foundress of a paper wasp Polistes chinensis antennalis Pérez increases defence effort after the experimental removal of a larva from the nest. The foundress maintains a nest alone during the colony‐founding stage. At this stage, larvae in the nest are often depredated by conspecific females of other nests. The foundress can chase off attacking females when it is on the nest, but it needs to leave the nest to gather resources such as food.
For 30 min after the experimental removal of a larva, foundresses increased the time spent on the nest by shortening the time spent on each off‐nest activity and prolonging the interval between off‐nest activities. The time spent on the nest then returned to what it was before the removal. These results suggest that foundresses use the loss of a larva as the cue of high predation risk and increase their defence effort in response.
Persistent firing supported by an intrinsic cellular mechanism in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells
Authors: Jochems Arthur , Yoshida Motoharu 
Published: May 2013

AbstractShort‐term information retention is crucial for information processing in the brain. It has long been suggested that the hippocampal CA3 region is able to support short‐term information retention through persistent neural firing. Theoretical studies have shown that this persistent firing can be supported by abundant excitatory recurrent connections in CA3. However, it remains unclear whether individual cells can support persistent firing. In this study, using in vitro whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings in a rat hippocampal slice preparation, we show that hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells support persistent firing under perfusion of the cholinergic agonist carbachol (10 μm). Furthermore, in contrast to earlier theoretical studies, this persistent firing is independent of ionotropic glutamatergic synaptic transmission and is supported by the calcium‐activated non‐selective cationic current. Because cholinergic receptor activation is crucial for short‐term memory tasks, persistent firing in individual cells may support short‐term information retention in the hippocampal CA3 region.
OnKant's Conception of Inner Sense: Self‐Affection by the Understanding
Authors: Schmitz Friederike 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAmong the extensive literature on the firstCritique, very few commentators offer a thorough analysis ofKant's conception of inner sense. This is quite surprising since the notion is central toKant's theoretical philosophy, and it is very difficult to provide a consistent interpretation of this notion. In this paper, I first summarizeKant's claims about inner sense in theTranscendentalAesthetic and show why existing interpretations have been unable to dissolve the tensions arising from the conjunction of these claims. Secondly, I present my own reconstruction ofKant's model of inner sense, relying essentially onKantian considerations found in theB‐version of theTranscendentalDeduction. My main idea is that inner sense, forKant, is a passive faculty that gets affected by the understanding performing its figurative synthesis on material given in outer sense. In the remainder of the paper,Ihighlight a few consequences of my interpretation and outline ways to deal with some objections.
Investigating the Effect of Familiarity on Kin Recognition of Three‐Spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
Authors: Frommen Joachim G. , Zala Sarah M. , Raveh Shirley , Schaedelin Franziska C. , Wernisch Bettina , Hettyey Attila 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe ability to discriminate between related and unrelated individuals has been demonstrated in many species. The mechanisms behind this ability might be manifold and depend on the ecological context in which the species lives. In brood‐caring species, both familiarity and phenotype matching are known to be used in kin recognition. However, results of studies disentangling these two phenomena have proved contradictory. We aimed to broaden our knowledge about the mechanisms of kin recognition using shoaling preferences of three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) as a model behavior. In our first experiment, focal fish had the choice to shoal either with kin or unfamiliar non‐kin. In half of the trials, kin groups were composed of familiar individuals, while they were unfamiliar in the other half. Focal fish significantly preferred kin as shoaling partner, a result which was not reinforced by familiarity. In our second experiment, focal fish were given the choice between a shoal of familiar kin and a shoal of unfamiliar kin. Here, focal fish did not show any significant preference. These results indicate that familiarity does not impact stickleback's ability to recognize kin. Furthermore, they show that familiarity does not overrule recognition based on phenotype matching or innate recognition, underlining the importance of these mechanisms. Finally, our results lead to the assumption that individual recognition might play a minor role also in non‐kin‐based preferences for familiars.
CDKN2A and MC1R variants influence dermoscopic and confocal features of benign melanocytic lesions in multiple melanoma patients
Authors: Bassoli Sara , Maurichi Andrea , Rodolfo Monica , Casari Alice , Frigerio Simona , Pupelli Gaia , Farnetani Francesca , Pelosi Giuseppe , Santinami Mario , Pellacani Giovanni 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNon‐invasive diagnostic tools are effective in the histomorphological study of melanocytic lesions. The role of melanoma susceptibility genes on melanocytic nevi histopathological features is not clear. The current study aimed to correlate genetic alterations and histomorphological features of melanocytic nevi. Clinical, dermoscopic and confocal features of 34 multiple melanoma patients and 34 controls were compared. Among patients with melanoma, carriers of CDKN2A mutations and/or MC1R variants, and wild‐type genes were also compared. In patients with melanoma, a lighter phototype (P = 0.051), a higher number of nevi (P < 0.01) and clinically atypical nevi (P < 0.01) were observed. At dermoscopy, these nevi showed a complex pattern (P = 0.011), atypical network (P = 0.018) and irregular pigmentation (P = 0.037); at confocal, an irregular meshwork pattern (P = 0.026) with atypical nests (P = 0.016) and an inflammatory infiltrate (P = 0.048) were observed. Among patients with melanoma genetically tested, CDKN2A G101W mutation carriers were more frequently younger (P = 0.023), with clinically atypical nevi (P = 0.050), with cytological atypia (P = 0.033) at confocal. G101W mutation and MC1R variants carriers showed hypopigmented nevi (P = 0.002) and, at confocal, roundish cells infiltrating the junction (P = 0.019). These data suggest an influence of CDKN2A mutation and MC1R variants in the development of dysplastic melanocytic lesions. Non‐invasive histomorphological evaluation, together with genetic studies, improves melanoma risk identification and early diagnosis, for a patient‐tailored management.
Towards the automatic enrichment of a thesaurus with information in dictionaries
Authors: Oliveira Hugo Gonçalo , Gomes Paulo 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRegarding that information in broad‐coverage knowledge bases, such as thesauri, is usually incomplete, merging information from different sources is an alternative to amplify coverage. We propose a method for the enrichment of a thesaurus with information acquired automatically from dictionaries. First, synonymy pairs are extracted. Then, these pairs are assigned to the most similar candidate synsets. Finally, the remaining pairs are the target of clustering to identify new synsets. After selecting the adequate experimentation settings, this method was applied to enrich a Portuguese thesaurus with synonyms extracted from three dictionaries, which resulted in TRIP, a larger and broader thesaurus with new words and concepts. The steps towards the creation of this new thesaurus and its evaluation are described here.
Who may not benefit from continuous renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury?
Authors: Kawarazaki Hiroo , Uchino Shigehiko , Tokuhira Natsuko , Ohnuma Tetsu , Namba Yoshitomo , Katayama Shinshu , Toki Noriyoshi , Takeda Kenta , Yasuda Hideto , Izawa Junichi , Uji Makiko , Nagata Isao ,   JSEPTIC (Japanese Society for Physicians Trainees in Intensive Care) Clinical Trial Group
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to identify factors that may predict early kidney recovery (less than 48 hours) or early death (within 48 hours) after initiating continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients. This is a multicenter retrospective observational study of 14 Japanese Intensive care units (ICUs) in 12 tertiary hospitals. Consecutive adult patients with severe AKI requiring CRRT admitted to the participating ICUs in 2010 (n = 343) were included. Patient characteristics, variables at CRRT initiation, settings, and outcomes were collected. Patients were grouped into early kidney recovery group (CRRT discontinuation within 48 hours after initiation, n = 52), early death group (death within 48 hours after CRRT initiation, n = 52), and the rest as the control group (n = 239). The mean duration of CRRT in the early kidney recovery group and early death group was 1.3 and 0.9 days, respectively. In multivariable regression analysis, in comparison with the control group, urine output (mL/h) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.03), duration between ICU admission to CRRT initiation (days) (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43–0.87), and the sepsis‐related organ failure assessment score (OR: 0.87, 95% CI; 0.78–0.96) were related to early kidney recovery. Serum lactate (mmol/L) (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.11–1.28), albumin (g/dL) (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28–0.92), vasopressor use (OR: 3.68, 95% CI: 1.37–12.16), and neurological disease (OR: 9.64, 96% CI: 1.22–92.95) were related to early death. Identifying AKI patients who do not benefit from CRRT and differentiating such patients from the study cohort may allow previous and future studies to effectively evaluate the indication and role of CRRT.
An undetectable polymerase chain reaction signal in routine HIV plasma viral load monitoring is associated with better virological outcomes in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Pugliese P , Delpierre C , Cuzin L , Poizot‐Martin I , Rey D , Saune K , Cottalorda J , Bettinger D , Delaugerre C , Hoen B ,   Dat AIDS Study Group
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess whether patients with undetectable viraemia [a negative polymerase chain reaction result (PCRneg)] and those with plasma viral load (PVL) < 40 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL but a detectable (positive) PCR signal (PCRpos) had different outcomes in terms of the development of blips and virological failure (VF).MethodsA multicentre observational database analysis was carried out. Data for patients whose highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regime had been unchanged for ≥ 6 months by 1 January 2008, whose first two PVL measurements of 2008 were < 40 copies/mL and who had at least five PVL measurements between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2010 were extracted from a multicentre observational database of 4928 patients receiving HAART. PVL assays used during this period had a detection threshold of 20 or 40 copies/mL. Undetectable PVL at baseline (BLPCRneg) was defined as PCRneg at the first two PVL determinations of 2008. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate factors associated with the occurrence of blips and VF, defined as two consecutive PVL measurements > 40 copies/mL.ResultsOf the 1957 patients included in the study (mean age 47 years; median antiretroviral exposure 10.3 years), 1312 had BLPCRneg. Outcome events included 322 blips and 139 VFs, with incidence rates being significantly lower in patients with BLPCRneg than in those with BLPCRpos [13.0% vs. 23.4% (P < 0.0001) and 5.1% vs. 11.2% (P < 0.0001), respectively]. In multivariable analysis, BLPCRneg was associated with a reduced risk of blips [hazard ratio (HR) 0.58; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47–0.73; P < 0.0001] and VF (HR 0.44; 95% CI 0.31–0.62; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsPatients with PCRneg had better virological outcomes than those with PVL < 40 copies/mL but detectable viraemia. This suggests that the ‘no‐signal’ information provided by currently commercially available HIV RNA quantification assays should be used routinely.
Apical extrusion of debris: a literature review of an inherent occurrence during root canal treatment
Authors: Tanalp J. , Güngör T. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractExtrusion of intracanal debris as well as irrigants is a common occurrence during root canal treatment, and no instrument or technique has thoroughly solved this problem. Because flare‐ups may arise with any irritation directed towards periapical tissues, a shaping or irrigation technique should minimize the risk of apical extrusion, even though it may not be prevented. There has been a rapid evolution of root canal instruments and irrigation systems through the last decade, and many have been assessed for their debris extrusion potential. The purpose of this review was to identify publications regarding the evaluation of debris, bacteria and irrigant extrusion during root canal treatment. A PubMed, Ovid and MEDLINE search was conducted using the keywords “apical extrusion”, “debris extrusion” and “endodontic treatment”. The literature search extended over a period of more than 30 years up to 2012. Content of the review was limited to apical extrusion of debris and irrigants, extrusion of liquid by irrigation methods and bacterial extrusion. Issues relevant to apical extrusion were obtained by further search in the reference sections of the retrieved articles. The review provides an update on the current status of apical extrusion.
Is a Bird an Apple? The Effect of Speaker Labeling Accuracy on Infants' Word Learning, Imitation, and Helping Behaviors
Authors: Brooker Ivy , Poulin‐Dubois Diane 
Published: May 2013

This study examined infants' sensitivity to a speaker's verbal accuracy and whether the reliability of the speaker had an effect on their selective trust. Forty‐nine 18‐month‐old infants were exposed to a speaker who either accurately or inaccurately labeled familiar objects. Subsequently, the speaker administered a series of tasks in which infants had an opportunity to: learn a novel word, imitate the speaker's “irrational” actions, and help the speaker obtain an out‐of‐reach object. In contrast to infants in the accurate (reliable) condition, those in the inaccurate (unreliable) condition performed more poorly on a word‐learning task and were less likely to imitate. All infants demonstrated high rates of instrumental helping behavior. These results are the first to demonstrate that infants as young as 18 months of age cannot only detect a speaker's verbal inaccuracy but also use this information to attenuate their word recognition and learning of novel actions.