bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Simulation of Integrated Pipeline and Process Models to Investigate Slug Flow Impact on Subsea Compact Separation
Authors: Garner B. , Petit P. , Unnam J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Dynamic simulation using integrated pipeline and process simulators is implemented to investigate slugging effects on subsea compact separation design and control. The pipeline model includes well geometry and production and export pipelines, while the process model includes subsea separation and topside first-stage separation. The two simulation models interface at multiple locations where pressure and flow data are shared. This allows for continuous dynamic simulation from the bottom of the wellbores to topside separation. This coupled simulation model is used to study production over multiple operating scenarios in order to investigate potential slugs and their impact on subsea compact separator design and control.
Accurate prediction of slugs is critical for the safe and efficient design of subsea compact separators. Integration of the pipeline and process models allows for accurate slug prediction by the pipeline model and control system response by the process model. Operating scenarios can be studied to optimize compact separator design, controller tuning parameters and operating philosophy under slug flow conditions.
CFD Applications in Offshore Engineering
Authors: Darvishzadeh Tohid , Sari Ali 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Offshore engineering applications generally require interactions between offshore structures and fluids in the form of oceanic flows or blast waves. A correct estimation of the forces caused by these flows is crucial in designing highly reliable structures to be used in offshore environment. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been used to analyze the fluid behavior and its influence on offshore structures by solving the equations of fluid motion. However, resolution of all spatial and temporal scales of the flow requires very time-consuming and complicated CFD simulations. This paper demonstrates various applications of simplified CFD methods in solving problems associated with offshore technologies. We present results of shock wave interaction with modular buildings and large pipes using Fluid-Solid Interaction (FSI) method and comment on their structural behavior and damage levels. Moreover, the impact of a drop object on a subsea pipeline protection structure is investigated using FSI and structural analysis. Furthermore, the air temperature increase inside a modular building is estimated using computational analysis of free convection coupled with heat transfer analysis of the modular building. Lastly, we will report CFD results of velocity enhancement of offshore columns and the hydrodynamic interact ion amongst groups of cylinders. Star-CCM+ is used for most of the CFD computations and is coupled with Abaqus for solving FSI problems. The results demonstrate how critical parameters such as fluid forces could be computed using simplified CFD approaches while often coupled with detailed structural analysis using finite element method to reduce their conservatism.
The Integration of 3D Seismic With the Ultrahigh Resolution Data From the Marine Survey: Recognizing and Quantifying Several Challenging Features for Subsea Production Installations in Complex Environment Offshore Brazil
Authors: Martin Federico D. , Batalla Luis F. , De Oliveira Pinheiro Rafaela L. , Escalona Luis G. , El Mistikawi Seif , Tiffany Justin , Pryne Daniel E. , Haneberg William C. , Campbell Kerry J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A large integrated marine site investigation was conducted from 2013 to 2014 offshore Brazil in water depths ranging from 100 m to 2,900 m. High-resolution geophysical survey, geotechnical, and geologic data were collected using a variety of tools designed for deepwater applications. Approximately 4630 line-km of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) data, piston cores, jumbo piston cores, and cone-penetrometer test data were collected. Results will be used for siting, routing, foundation design, and installation of development and production facilities. Interpretation of existing 3D exploration seismic volumes provided a regional geologic setting from the discovery wells in deepwater to the outer edge of the continental shelf shoreward and outside of the concession block. Analysis of the AUV and core data provided detailed qualitative and quantitative information to characterize and assess potential geohazards that could affect the large area where future facilities are planned. Potential geohazards identified during the integrated study include: rugged and steep topography; scarps, seafloor grooves, and mass-transport deposits associated with past seafloor failures, and potential for future failures; faults with seafloor expression; seafloor channels; and sediment waves.
Practical Solutions for HTHP Offshore Reservoir Surveillance
Authors: Kamble Prakash D. , Thombare Akshay A. , Dakwale Pratik V. , Botre Rutuja P. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Chasing new plays often make operators reach to complex and non-traditional reservoirs. Especially, at offshore hydrocarbon discoveries it becomes critically important to characterize the fluid, assess pressure profile and understand the flow behavior. This work is a case history of successfully implemented reservoir surveillance techniques at HTHP offshore green field.
The key challenges included presence of high pressure pockets/ panic zones, high cost of well testing with additional slickline & logistics, uncertainties of fluid phase and flow behavior at really tough HTHP conditions. These challenges were addressed by utilizing a flexible mix of modern day technologies. This successful case on reservoir surveillance is elaborated in the present abstract. Heavy duty dual packer Modular Dynamic testing: The dual packer formation evaluation tester could withstand 400F and 13500 psi formation pressures; while keeping drawdown in ultra low permeability sandy siltstone.HTHP sour gas Permanent Down-hole Gauges (PDG): The presence of CO2 (nearly 10%) and H2S (110 ppm) with steam fractions was fatal for the wellbore integrity. Use of sour-proof Permanent downhole gauges to actively monitor the BHP & BHT as close to perforations.Extreme performer Production Logging Techniques (Extreme PLT) for &gt;400F zones: At high temperature he fluid phase behaviour, pay-zone resistivity and thin transition zone is hardly predictable. To overcome the uncertainties of fluid type, hold and thief zones the extreme PLT tools played the judging role.
This paper shows insights of learning and how it was utilized as a solution. Huge saving was achieved on accounts of i. Fluid characterization and facility selection, ii. Recognized panic/ pressure inversion zones for future drilling campaign, iii. Saved cost of repeated slick-line operations for well testing by real-time well performance monitoring with PDG.
The learning phase was relatively longer but the learned decision added significant value to the project. Use of tools and tailor made combinations made Reservoir Surveillance much easier, cost effective and ultimately reduced the uncertainties. The field has been put on production within relatively shorter timeframe.
Single-Component 3D Deghosting and Crossline Interpolation
Authors: Wang Ping , Ray Suryadeep , Nimsaila Kawin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
For marine towed-streamer seismic data, the sparse crossline sampling imposes a Nyquist limitation for many processing steps that require either f – k (frequency-wavenumber) or f – p (frequency-slowness) transforms in the crossline direction. For this reason, 3D deghosting and crossline interpolation have been considered extremely difficult to perform using only single-component towed-streamer seismic data. We present a progressive sparse t – px – py inversion scheme to perform 3D deghosting and crossline interpolation using single-component seismic data. Using field data examples, we demonstrate that our 3D deghosting algorithm effectively attenuates the ghost and works better than the GWE (Ghost Wavefield Elimination) method for full-azimuth data with strong 3D effects. We also demonstrate that by using our algorithm, it is possible to perform single-component joint 3D deghosting and crossline interpolation in the presence of strong spatial aliasing in the crossline direction. We show that the interpolation of the high-frequency events may be sub-optimal in deep time windows when the signal-to-noise ratio of high-frequency events is low.
Well Integrity Management at Premier Oil and the Benefits of Implementing a Well Integrity Data Management System
Authors: Gell C. , Dawson M. , Emslie M. , Cruickshank B. , Fairnie N. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Like most companies today, Premier Oil (Premier) have been developing a Well Integrity Management System (WIMS) in order to provide a broader insight into both surface and subsurface well integrity issues. In addition to evolving their WIMS policies and procedures, Premier also chose to implement an effective and integrated well integrity data management software system to improve safety and operational efficiencies in the field, to increase production through reduction of well shut-in times, and to create a positive and proactive culture of managing well integrity which would allow Premier to proactively monitor and manage well integrity issues. This paper focuses on the reasons for implementing a well integrity management software system, the benefits to Premier by implementing the system, and how the system is used across all of Premier's assets.
Premier started by collecting and collating data to understand whether or not a well was operating within its safe operating limits, this included information from other applications to fully understand the well integrity picture. From that, a database of the wells was set up, wellhead templates created, test types and data input forms generated, and incorporation of Premier's WIMS policies and procedures into the application.
During the first year of implementation, the goal was to create a baseline of well integrity statuses for the current well stock and to establish workflows to manage the well integrity issues more effectively. The overall number of wells Premier operates is growing significantly with new and future developments, and hence this baseline establishment of good well integrity practices is preparing the company for future challenges and potential production concerns if well integrity issues arise.
Additionally, there were qualitative objectives:
– Improvement in the monitoring and managing integrity issues proactively; – Increased visibility of well integrity management within and outside the company; – Ease of accessing all of the well integrity information and analyzing that data to find and fix problems; – Improvement to data accuracy and availability to increase productivity by having up-to-date knowledge of well integrity issues.
To-date, Premier has already seen an improvement in understanding well integrity issues across all their assets. Prior to implementation of the new software, data was stored on spreadsheets with only key personnel involved and understanding integrity issues. Now a more informed group recieve quick notification when wells are operating outside their agreed parameters, which has led to an overall improvement in proactively managing well integrity issues. Additionally, Premier also expects a more stringent regulatory environment in the future, at which time the existing spreadsheet-based system would no longer be workable or acceptable to external authorities.
Design Procedures for Marine Renewable Energy Foundations
Authors: Stevens Robert F. , Soosainathan Lawrence , Rahim Amir , Saue Morten , Gilbert Robert , Senanayake Asitha I. , Gerkus Hande , Rendon Erica , Wang Shin Tower , O'Connell Daniel P. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The Geotechnics Sub-Committee of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Coasts, Oceans, Ports, and Rivers Institute (COPRI) Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) Committee is preparing a guide document for marine renewable energy foundations. That guide would use standard design codes for fixed foundations and mooring anchors in API RP 2GEO and DNV.
The static method of computing axial pile capacity described in API RP 2GEO (2011) is generally used to compute ultimate compressive and tensile capacities of pipe piles driven to a given penetration. Lateral soil resistance –pile deflection (p-y) data for clays and sands are usually developed using procedures proposed by Matlock (1970) and O'Neill and Murchison (1983), respectively, and outlined in API RP 2GEO (2011). Marine energy foundations are unique in several ways. Axial pile capacity computations are usually based on a reasonable lower bound, in contrast to the soil resistance to driving, which is based on a reasonable upper bound. For structures supporting wind turbines, however, underestimating (or overestimating) the soil stiffness could require a change in turbine operation and a loss of power production. Although the classical API method is recognized as an appropriately conservative design method for offshore pile foundations, a prediction method is more well suited for structures supporting wind turbines, such as the CPT-based methods for predicting pile capacity in granular soils presented in API RP 2GEO (2011). If a prediction method is used to compute the soil resistance to driving, the evaluation of pile drivability may be overly conservative. Ageing in both clay and sand should also be taken into account. Wind turbines are often supported on large diameter monopiles. The applicability of the p-y data for such large diameter piles needs to be verified. Finally, marine renewable energy generated by in-stream hydrokinetics, ocean thermal energy conversion, and wave energy converters may be floating devices usually anchored to the seafloor. There are uncertainties in the design and installation of these anchors, which become critical for large sustained tensile loads that may degrade due to creep and cyclic loading.
SS Marine Renewable Energy – Ocean Current Turbine Mooring Considerations
Authors: VanZwieten J.H. , Baxley W.E. , Alsenas G.M. , Meyer I. , Muglia M. , Lowcher C. , Bane J. , Gabr M. , He R. , Hudon T. , Stevens R. , Duerr A.E.S. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
To assist in the development of mooring and foundation solutions for ocean current based electricity production, an overview of the resource and seafloor characteristics in three potential power production regions are presented. These regions are offshore Florida USA, North Carolina USA, and South Africa. Maximum measured flow speed off both the USA and South Africa were around 3.0 m/s and maximum temporally averaged energy densities were between 2.0 - 3.0 kW/m2. Water depths at considered locations range from 60-400 m, and bottom type varies greatly. Most evaluated locations contain occasional flow reversals and occasions when current speed approached 0.0 m/s (only locations near the core of the Gulfstream off SE Florida did not measure either event). While low current events are undesirable from energy production and mooring design perspectives, they might provide unique opportunities to install or maintain equipment.
Effective Collaboration with Government Stakeholders: Key to Successful Delivery of Bonga Northwest (BNW) Project
Authors: Uyanwune Joey , Okonkwo Uche , Ibunde Terkimbi , Oni Olatunji , Zakkah Silas 
Published: April 2015

The Bonga North West Project (BNW) is the first subsea extension to the existing Bonga Main facility located offshore Nigeria in water depths ranging from 990m – 1170m. The license is operated under a production sharing agreement with the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) by Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Company Limited (SNEPCo) in partnership with Esso E&P Nigeria Ltd, Nigeria Agip Oil Company (NAOC) and Total E&P Nigeria. The execution of the BNW Project involved extensive interaction with diverse Stakeholders. Stakeholders are key enablers and critical to successful project delivery. BNW stakeholders included Venture Partners, Contractors, Government and non-governmental organizations. The Government Stakeholders have regulatory oversight on the project. The dynamics of project execution and its multi-dimensional challenges sometimes result in situations that put requirement for Government Stakeholder's endorsement on the critical path for the project. The BNW Project Team and Government Stakeholders addressed these challenges in a collaborative manner. Collaboration with Government Stakeholders enabled the Project Team to mitigate potential issues and capture opportunities that helped deliver the project within schedule, on cost, and with no cost recovery exposure after investment decision. All regulatory permits and consents of the Government were obtained per schedule.
Stakeholders have different drivers. The Stakeholder collaboration model enabled the BNW Project to identify these drivers early, leading to proactive resolution of potential issues and to capture opportunities. It encouraged a culture of openness and collaboration between the Project and the Stakeholders. Conscious and deliberate actions were taken to maintain the relationships and collaborative culture. Meaningful integration and involvement of the Stakeholders in the execution of the project was crucial for the establishment and effectiveness a desired collaborative environment. The “integrate and involve” component of the model included regular reporting to inform and update, frequent face to face engagements, and periodic site visit by Stakeholders at specific stages of work progress. In addition, integration of some of the Government Stakeholders staff into the project, at various stages, provided them with the opportunity for better understanding and appreciation of the project dynamics and drivers.
The BNW project has been recognized by the National Petroleum Investment Management Services (NAPIMS), a subsidiary of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) - Government Concessionaire, as one of the best offshore projects to be executed in Nigeria.
This paper focuses on the pathway and model that were applied to develop and sustain a collaborative relationship with Government Stakeholders, thereby reducing non-technical risks and achieving the successful accomplishment of all project delivery promises.
Bonga North West (BNW) Project: Delivering Nigerian Local Content in a Brownfield Project
Authors: Okonkwo Uche , Uzoka Austin , Uyanwune Joey , Zuhumben Paul 
Published: April 2015

The Bonga North West (BNW) Project is a brownfield subsea tie-back to the Bonga Main field, via existing subsea infrastructure. The license is operated under a production sharing agreement with the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) by Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Company Limited (SNEPCo) in partnership with ExxonMobil, Nigeria Agip Oil Company (NAOC) and Total. Shell Companies in Nigeria (SCiN) local content contracting strategy includes - growing existing contractors and developing new contractors / businesses; developing additional skills and competencies of the local workforce; capacity building and supporting the acquisition of technology by Nigerian businesses to maximize their participation.
The project was executed via four major work packages – Topsides, Subsea and Flowlines and Umbilicals. The Topsides contract was awarded to a wholly indigenous contractor, while the Subsea, Flowline and Umbilical contracts were awarded to the local subsidiaries of foreign contractors.
The Project employed extensive engagement with the Nigerian Content Development Monitoring Board (NCDMB), and alignment with contractors and other stakeholders during execution. Regular site visits and reviews by parties, internal and external to the Project were performed to ensure effective compliance and delivery. The Project was the first to have a contract executed under the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act (NOGID), and was the first to obtain a “Certificate of Compliance”. The key lessons learnt on this project will enhance the ability of future projects to comply with the NOGID Act.
This paper examines the achievements in Nigerian Local Content Delivery (NCD) by the BNW Project, highlights the challenges and difficulties in delivering NCD on the project and how they were addressed. The key lessons learnt and opportunities for improving NCD delivery will also be covered.
Safe Handling and Disposal of Nanostructured Materials
Authors: Raja Pavan M. V. , Huynh Monica , Khabashesku Valery N. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Applications based on nanostructured materials have been increasing, not only in sectors such as medicine and electronics, but also in the oil and gas industry. Nanostructured materials are substances that contain at least one dimension in the nanometer-size regime, and can include nanoparticulate materials such as quantum dots, nanofibrous materials such as carbon nanotubes, and nanoporous material such as activated carbon. In addition, nanomaterials can be as-received/produced or subsequently functionalized with a wide range of chemical species. Further, distinctions must be drawn between naturally occurring and/or biodegradable nanostructured materials and synthetic nanomaterials. The latter need more scrutiny, because they may not be in equilibrium with their environment. For example, non-biodegradable nanomaterials could accumulate in the tissues and organs of human beings, animals, and plant/trees with unknown long-term consequences.
Although use of nanomaterials in the oil and gas industry is still not widespread, potential applications of these novel materials include: waste water treatment, antimicrobial additives, multifunctional coatings, etc. These applications cause concerns regarding their safe handling and disposal, whether in the downhole environment or at the surface.
In this paper we provide a first-hand perspective about the appropriate handling of nanomaterials in a laboratory setting, coupled with a review of the related literature currently available. Such a perspective helps define guidelines for the safe implementation of nanomaterial-related technologies in the downhole setting, because the day is not far off when the industry will use these new materials extensively in the oilfield. In general, existing good laboratory practices apply and can serve as a foundation for developing methods to handle nanomaterials with enhanced safety features. Personal protective equipment and deliberate, planned actions need to be combined with some specific control measures to ensure safety. Some of these measures include waste minimization, specialized containments, and the control of nanoparticulate aerosols. And finally, compliance is important in terms of evolving regulations in the nanomaterials arena.
Nanosafety need not be an ambiguous concept as long as the personnel are well trained and informed about the properties of the materials they are handling. The experience shared in this paper can be applied to the safe handling and disposal of nanomaterials in general, and in any industrial, institutional, or academic setting.