bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La mobilisation des syndicats anglais en faveur de l'égalité salariale (1968-2012)
Authors: Guillaume Cécile 
Published: October 2013

Depuis les années 1970, les syndicats anglais se sont impliqués dans différentes formes de mobilisation juridique visant l’obtention de l’égalité salariale, via notamment l’accompagnement de plaignantes saisissant les tribunaux. Cet engagement dans la lutte contre les discriminations faites aux femmes serait-il la conséquence directe de la féminisation des adhérent-e-s et des politiques de mixité des syndicats ? Fondé sur une enquête croisant des entretiens avec les principaux acteurs de cette mobilisation et des documents d’archives, cet article insiste tout d’abord sur l’influence de grèves de femmes et des groupes féministes dans l’obtention d’une législation en 1970 et sur l’importance de la stratégie judiciaire menée par une agence non-gouvernementale, l’ Equal Opportunity Commission , dans l’évolution et l’application du droit anglais dans les années 1980. Cette enquête met ensuite l’accent sur le rôle de certains hommes, syndicalistes ou avocats engagés, qui dans les années 1990 se saisissent du droit anti-discriminatoire afin de lutter contre les politiques de restructurations menées par les gouvernements conservateurs et de syndiquer dans les services – publics et privés. Cette mobilisation juridique n’a cependant que faiblement modifié les pratiques conventionnelles discriminantes, cautionnées par des négociateurs syndicaux (hommes). De plus en plus nombreuses au sommet et à la base des syndicats, les femmes peinent en effet à peser dans les instances de négociation collective décentralisées, face à des employeurs récalcitrants, dans un contexte de dérégulation du marché du travail anglais.
Cutting Edge: IL-25 Elicits Innate Lymphoid Type 2 and Type II NKT Cells That Regulate Obesity in Mice
Authors: Hams Emily , Locksley Richard M. , McKenzie Andrew N. J. , Fallon Padraic G. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The cellular composition of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and release of cytokines by such cells within VAT has been implicated in regulating obesity and metabolic homeostasis. We show the importance of IL-25–responsive innate cells, which release the Th2 cytokine IL-13, in regulating weight and glucose homeostasis in mouse models of diet-induced obesity. Treating obese mice with IL-25 induces weight loss and improves glucose tolerance, and is associated with increased infiltration of innate lymphoid type 2 cells (ILC2), type I and type II NKT cells, eosinophils, and alternatively activated macrophages into the VAT. By depleting ILC2 in obese Rag1−/− mice, we observe exacerbated weight gain and glucose intolerance. Conversely, transferring ILC2 or type I or type II NKT cells into obese mice induces transient weight loss and stabilizes glucose homeostasis. Our data identify a mechanism whereby IL-25 eliciting IL-13–producing innate cells regulates inflammation in adipose tissue and prevents diet-induced obesity.
Rhythm outcomes after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kornej J. , Husser D. , Bollmann A. , Lip G. Y. H. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryAtrial fibrillation (AF) occurs as the result of numerous complex physiological processes in the atria leading to AF promotion and maintenance. Improved diagnostic techniques have identified various biomarkers which may play an important role in the prediction of AF related outcomes (cardio- and cerebrovascular events, as well as mortality and rhythm outcomes). Biomarkers refer to ‘biological markers’ and biomarkers in blood, urine as well as imaging marker (eg, dimensions (left atrial diameter and volume), anatomical features (left appendage and pulmonary vein anatomy), and physiological pattern (LAA flow velocity)) may play important role(s) as clinically important indices in relation to outcomes after different therapeutic strategies. However, the main domain in the biomarker field has focused on bloodbased biomarkers, which are widely used to predict therapeutic success regarding underlying pathophysiological mechanism, such as inflammation, fibrosis, endothelial damage. This review provides an update of the role of clinically relevant biomarkers in AF, with particular focus on AF rhythm outcomes.
« De si solides bagatelles »
Authors: Dionne Ugo 
Published: October 2013

Lorsqu’on tente de dégager la « conception » qu’un romancier du xviiie siècle propose du roman, trois différents objets s’offrent à l’analyse. Au-delà du discours critique plus ou moins explicite que l’écrivain articule sur le genre, il faut s’intéresser à sa manière d’en thématiser la lecture et les effets, ainsi qu’à sa pratique elle-même : on ne s’occupe plus alors de ce qu’on dit du roman, ou de ce qu’on lui fait faire dans les seuls termes de la fiction, mais bel et bien de ce qu’on en fait. Le présent article cherche à vérifier cette hypothèse des « trois romans du romancier » à partir de l’oeuvre du chevalier de Mouhy, contemporain relativement marginal de Marivaux et de Prévost. Sur la valeur morale du roman, sur son rôle dans l’éducation des jeunes lecteurs, sur ses conséquences psychologiques à court ou plus long termes, sur les rapports du genre à l’histoire et à la réalité, comme sur sa propre place dans la littérature de son temps, l’auteur de La mouche et de La paysanne parvenue adopte des positions multiples et paradoxales ; on peinerait à dégager un Mouhy adversaire ou apologiste du roman, si ce n’était de l’évidence pléthorique de sa production, qu’on peut assimiler à une vaste et inconditionnelle affirmation romanesque.
Une cloche sans battant. Le Journal de deuil de Roland Barthes
Authors: Rowner Ilai 
Published: October 2013

Cet article propose de réfléchir à la manière de lire le Journal de deuil de Roland Barthes, paru en 2009 aux Éditions du Seuil. S’agit-il simplement d’un journal intime et d’un travail biographique ou bien s’agit-il d’une oeuvre littéraire fragmentaire, seule manière possible pour Barthes d’écrire un « monument » de reconnaissance à sa mère ? S’agit-il des notes préparatoires pour La chambre claire (1980) ou bien d’une partie importante d’un roman à venir ayant le titre de Vita Nova ? Ces questions sont essentielles dans la mesure où elles sont censées répondre à l’usage que l’on doit faire de ce texte. Elles déterminent la manière par laquelle on peut le lire et le comprendre, voire apprécier la valeur du Journal de deuil de Barthes. Dans ce contexte, nous avons essayé de défendre l’idée que le Journal de deuil est un « événement littéraire » singulier, un cas riche en éléments pour une lecture critique qui cherche les traces d’écriture d’un événement indéfini qui est en train de se produire. Il s’agit donc d’une lecture qui est attentive à la manière dans laquelle la rupture et la transformation réelles à la suite de la mort de la mère reçoivent une configuration imaginaire dans l’écriture du journal en tant que promesse absolue de la « seule région de la noblesse » qu’est la littérature.
Henri Meschonnic aux États-Unis ? Un cas de non-traduction
Authors: Boulanger Pier-Pascale 
Published: October 2013

Jusqu’à 2011, aucun des nombreux essais d’Henri Meschonnic n’avait été traduit en anglais. Pourquoi? Pour répondre à cette question, il faut chercher à comprendre l’intérêt qu’il y avait à traduire les travaux de ses contemporains, en l’occurrence Antoine Berman et Jacques Derrida. Il apparaît que les incitatifs à l’importation de produits intellectuels tiennent à l’intérêt de consolider une discipline et à l’intérêt que présente le potentiel d’interprétation de ceux-ci.
Contribution of hydraulically lifted deep moisture to the water budget in a Southern California mixed forest
Authors: Kitajima Kuni , Allen Michael F. , Goulden Michael L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTrees and shrubs growing in California's mountains rely on deep roots to survive the hot and dry Mediterranean climate summer. The shallow montane soil cannot hold enough water to support summer transpiration, and plants must access deeper moisture from the weathered bedrock. We used the HYDRUS‐1D model to simulate the moisture flux through the soil‐plant continuum in Southern California's San Jacinto Mountains. The mechanisms facilitating deep water access are poorly understood, and it is possible that either or both hydraulic lift and capillary rise contribute to the survival and activity of trees and soil microorganisms. We modified HYDRUS to incorporate hydraulic lift and drove it with meteorological and physiological data. The modeled quantity of water lifted hydraulically ranged from near zero during the wet months to ~28 mm month−1 in midsummer. Likewise, modeled capillary rise was negligible during the winter and averaged ~15 mm month−1 during June through November. Both mechanisms provided water to support evapotranspiration during the dry months. Isotopic measurements of xylem water for eight shrub and tree species confirmed the importance of a deep source of water. Conventional and automated minirhizotron observations showed that fine‐root and rhizomorph biomass remained relatively constant year‐round, while mycorrhizal hyphae biomass varied markedly, peaking in the wet season and declining by ~70% in the dry season. Model results predict that hydraulic lift and capillary rise play key roles in Southern California's mountains: they support evapotranspiration and photosynthesis during the summer drought; they contribute to the year‐round survival of fine roots and soil microorganisms.
Newly described clinical features in two siblings with MACS syndrome and a novel mutation in RIN2
Authors: Aslanger Ayca D. , Altunoglu Umut , Aslanger Emre , Satkın Bilge N. , Uyguner Zehra Oya , Kayserili Hülya 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe disorder comprising Macrocephaly, Alopecia, Cutis laxa, and Scoliosis has been designated MACS syndrome. It is a rare condition, inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Three families from different ethnic origins have so far been reported and were all linked to homozygous mutations in RIN2, a gene encoding the Ras and Rab interactor 2 protein involved in cell trafficking. We describe herein the fourth family with MACS syndrome in two siblings carrying a novel homozygous mutation, c.1878_1879insC in exon 8 of the RIN2 gene, which predicts p.Ile627Hisfs*7. We also report on additional findings not previously described in MACS syndrome, including bronchiectasis and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Finally, our overall data support the argument that RIN2 syndrome is a more appropriate name for the disorder. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacokinetic variability of flecainide in younger Japanese patients and mechanisms for renal excretion and intestinal absorption
Authors: Horie Asuka , Ishida Kazuya , Shibata Kaito , Taguchi Masato , Ozawa Ayaka , Hirono Keiichi , Ichida Fukiko , Hashimoto Yukiya 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe aims of the present study were to evaluate the variability of pharmacokinetics of flecainide in young Japanese patients and to investigate the mechanisms of renal excretion and intestinal absorption of the drug using cultured epithelial cells. First the plasma concentration data of flecainide was analysed in 16 Japanese patients aged between 0.07 and 18.30 years using a one‐compartment model. Considerable interindividual variability was observed in the oral clearance (CL/F) and the apparent volume of distribution (V/F) of flecainide in the young patients. Flecainide was transported selectively in the basolateral‐to‐apical direction in P‐glycoprotein‐expressing renal epithelial LLC‐GA5‐COL150 cell monolayers. The uptake of flecainide into intestinal epithelial LS180 cells was decreased significantly by acidification of the extracellular medium, and was inhibited by tertiary amines, such as diphenhydramine and quinidine. These findings in the present study suggest that flecainide is excreted by P‐glycoprotein in the renal tubule and is taken up by the postulated H+/tertiary amine antiporter in the intestine, and that functional variability of not only the hepatic drug‐metabolizing enzymes, but also the transporters in the kidney and intestine, may be responsible for the interindividual variability of systemic clearance (CL) and/or the bioavailability (F) of flecainide. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three versus five micrometer chlorinated polysaccharide‐based packings in chiral capillary electrochromatography: performance evaluation
Authors: Hendrickx Ans , De Klerck Katrijn , Mangelings Debby , Clincke Lies , Heyden Yvan Vander 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, a test set of 44 nonacidic compounds was analyzed on four 3 µm chlorinated polysaccharide‐based chiral stationary phases with cellulose tris (3‐chloro‐4‐methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose‐2®; LC2), amylose tris (5‐chloro‐2‐methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Amylose‐2®, LA2), cellulose tris (4‐chloro‐3‐methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose‐4®; LC4) and cellulose tris (3,5‐dichlorophenylcarbamate) (Sepapak‐5®, Sp5) as selectors. The analysis times, retention factors, efficiencies and enantioselectivities were compared with the results obtained on their 5 µm analogs. All 3 µm packings, except for LA2, individually separated more compounds than their 5 µm analogs. When the cumulative success rates on the 3 and 5 µm packings were considered, it was observed that they were similar for both particle sizes; the combination of three or four 5 µm columns separated one compound more from the considered test set than that of the same number of 3 µm columns. Furthermore, it was observed that the 3 and 5 µm packings showed some complementarity. Only four compounds were not separated on any of the columns, while the use of only either the 3 or 5 µm columns resulted in 10 and nine not‐separated compounds, respectively. The analyses on 5 µm LC2 and Sp5 were faster than on their 3 µm analogs. For LC4 the 3 µm packing showed the shortest analysis times and diverse analysis times for both particle sizes were obtained on LA2. Furthermore, three out of four 3 µm packings, that is, LC2, LC4, and Sp5, were found to be more efficient than their 5 µm analogs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of Reaction Kinetics for the Tuneable Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Quantum Clusters: Application of Gold Quantum Clusters as “Turn‐Off” Sensing Probe for Sn4+ Ions
Authors: Khandelwal Puneet , Singh Dheeraj K. , Sadhu Subha , Poddar Pankaj 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe syntheses of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and gold quantum clusters (Au QCs) that employ cefadroxil (CFX; an antibiotic) as both reducing and capping agents are reported. The HAuCl4/CFX concentration, temperature, and pH are crucial factors in the modulation of the nucleation and growth kinetics of the reaction, and consequently, in guiding the size and morphology of as‐synthesized Au NPs. Interesting results are observed if the reaction is performed under different pH conditions. TEM analysis of the Au NPs synthesized at pH 6 shows an average particle size of approximately 2 nm along with a relatively smaller population of bigger NPs (up to 6 nm). The Au QCs were isolated by high‐speed centrifugation and showed fluorescence at λ≈460 nm. Furthermore, the as‐synthesized Au QCs were applied as sensor for Sn4+ ions on the basis of an aggregation‐induced fluorescence quenching mechanism. These Au QCs offer acceptable sensitivity, high selectivity, and a limit of detection of approximately 10 μM for the determination of Sn4+ ions.
Reliability‐aware server consolidation for balancing energy‐lifetime tradeoff in virtualized cloud datacenters
Authors: Deng Wei , Liu Fangming , Jin Hai , Liao Xiaofei , Liu Haikun 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYServer consolidation using virtualization technologies allow large‐scale datacenters to improve resource utilization and energy efficiency. However, most existing consolidation strategies solely focused on balancing the tradeoff between performance service‐level‐agreements (SLAs) desired by cloud applications and energy costs consumed by hosting servers. With the presence of fluctuating workloads in datacenters, the lifetime and reliability of servers under dynamic power‐aware consolidation could be adversely impacted by repeated on–off thermal cycles, ware‐and‐tear and temperature rise. In this paper, we propose a Reliability‐Aware server Consolidation stratEgy, named RACE, to address when and how to perform energy‐efficient server consolidation in a reliability‐friendly and profitable way. The focus is on the characterization and analysis of this problem as a multi‐objective optimization, by developing a utility model that unifies multiple constraints on performance SLAs, reliability factors and energy costs in a holistic manner. An improved grouping genetic algorithm is proposed to search the global optimal solution, which takes advantage of a collection of reliability‐aware resource buffering and virtual machines‐to‐servers re‐mapping heuristics for generating good initial solutions and improving the convergence rate. Extensive simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness, scalability and overhead of RACE—in improving the overall utility of datacenters while avoiding unprofitable consolidation in the long term—compared with pMapper and PADD strategies for server consolidation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigations into the relationship between changes in internal moisture regimes and rock surface deterioration in cavernous sandstone features
Authors: Mol Lisa 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTCavernous features commonly develop in sandstone, but their development over time remains enigmatic. It has been suggested that moisture movements within the rock mass play a key role in the location, development and dynamics of cavernous features. In this research the role of internal moisture movement is tested through monitoring moisture and surface deterioration dynamics in April 2008 and April 2009 within two large cavernous features (mega‐tafoni) in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park, South Africa (GGHNP). Data are presented from surveys of internal moisture (using electrical resistivity tomography, ERT), surface moisture (using a Protimeter) and deterioration (using surface hardness as recorded with an Equotip as a proxy for surface deterioration) across five 2.45 m long transects. In addition a high resolution temperature record is presented to assess the influence of micro‐climates within the caverns. The results indicate consistency in the gross spatial pattern of moisture flow within the rock mass over a one year period, but significant changes in mean moisture contents and in the fine detail of moisture patterning. Some noticeably weakened areas had developed within the central parts of the cavernous features, often linked to wetter subsurface conditions, supporting the theory that ‘core softening’ is a main driver of cavernous feature formation. However, in some areas surface hardening is also found to be associated with wetter subsurface conditions, supporting the theory that ‘case hardening’ is a main driver of cavernous feature formation. In addition, the presence of well‐established biofilms suggests an even more complex interaction between moisture, surface development and biological activity. A model is presented therefore which integrates this paradox by proposing a non‐linear relationship between moisture dynamics, facilitation of biofilm formation, and deterioration within cavernous features. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of Uniform Fine Particles of Iron(III) Hydroxide/Oxide
Authors: Haq Ikram Ul , Haider Farzana 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIron(III) hydroxide was precipitated from the homogeneous solutions, containing variuos amounts of iron(III) nitrate, potassium sulfate, and urea, by heating at 85 °C for different periods of time (5‐30 min). The precipitated solids were either in the form of gel or dispersed particles of different shapes and sizes, depending upon the composition of the reactant mixtures. The as‐prepared solids were amorphous in nature and were formulated as Fe(OH)3.H2O. On calcinations at 800 °C for 1 h, the latter converted into crystalline compound, composed of α‐Fe2O3 (hematite). The calcined particles retained the original features of their precursors to a maximum extent.
Synthesis and Characterization of High Surface Area Tin Oxide Nanoparticles via the Sol‐Gel Method as a Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Styrene
Authors: Adnan Rohana , Razana Nur Ariesma , Rahman Ismail Abdul , Farrukh Muhammad Akhyar 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA systematic study on the preparation of SnO2 nanoparticles using a simple sol‐gel technique has been conducted by varying reaction parameters such as concentration of ammonia, ammonia feed rate and reaction temperature. The tin oxide obtained was characterized by using FTIR, BET, XRD and TEM. Particles size was obtained in the range of 4 to 5.6 nm and the surface area was found to be between 76 to 114 m2 g−1 depending on the reaction parameters. Meanwhile, the catalytic activity of SnO2 was first time investigated for the hydrogenation reaction of styrene using ethanol as the solvent at 70 °C and 1 atmospheric pressure. It is found that SnO2 acts as a good catalyst in this hydrogenation process. The product conversions in the presence of catalysts prepared at different conditions were between 37 to 72%.
Determination of Allosteric Effects and Interstrand Bidentate Interactions in DNA‐Peptide Molecular Recognition
Authors: Chen Yen‐Chung , Huang Jonathan T. B. , Jeng Kee‐Ching G. , Yang Robin C. K. , Liao Mo‐Kai , Chen Chee‐Shan , Chien Wei‐Jyun , Wey Ming‐Tsair , Kan Lou‐Sing , Sheh Leung 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTo study DNA allostery, quantitative DNase I footprinting studies were carried out on a newly designed peptide His‐Hyp‐Lys‐Lys‐(Py)4‐Lys‐Lys‐NH2 (HypKK‐10) containing the XHypKK (Hyp = hydroxyproline) and polyamide motifs. The interconnection of DNA footprints of peptides HypKK‐10 and the parent peptide PyPro‐12 supports the proposal that interaction network cooperativity is preferred in DNA‐peptide interactions between multiple recognition sites. A simple method of determining interstrand bidentate interactions between the peptide moieties and DNA bases is introduced. It is envisaged that interstrand bidentate interactions also participate in the relay of conformational changes to recognition sites on the complementary strands. Circular dichroism studies of the titration of peptide HypKK‐10 with an oligonucleotide duplex indicate that this peptide binds in a dimeric fashion to DNA in the minor groove. This work may prompt the design of new DNA binding ligands for the study of DNA‐peptide allosteric interactions and DNA interaction network.