bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing the risk of violence towards remote area nurses: A violence management toolbox
Authors: McCullough Kylie M. , Lenthall Sue , Williams Anne M. , Andrew Lesley 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the knowledge of a panel of experts to develop possible ways of minimising the risk of occupational violence towards remote area nurses.DesignThe Delphi method using open‐ended questionnaires and an online survey to measure support for suggested control measures.SettingRemote area nursing posts across Australia.ParticipantsA panel of expert remote area nurses (n = 10) from geographically diverse regions.Main outcome measureIdentified and described measures with the potential to reduce the risk of violence.ResultsA ‘toolbox’ of strategies was suggested in recognition of the complex nature of occupational violence within the remote health context. Job‐specific education included de‐escalation techniques, risk assessment and cultural safety training. Professional support included access to counselling and debriefing services. Organisational responsibilities included: adequate staffing to provide backup, policies and procedures and action from management when hazards are identified. Community collaboration with the health service in developing orientation programs, safety plans and addressing violence within the community was also recommended.ConclusionA variety of strategies were identified that could be used to reduce the risk of occupational violence towards remote health care staff. Further development and assessment of this ‘toolbox’ of strategies is recommended to address the high incidence of violence towards remote health professionals in Australia and overseas.
Complex impact of remoteness on the incidence of myocardial infarction in Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal people in Western Australia
Authors: Katzenellenbogen Judith M. , Sanfilippo Frank M. , Hobbs Michael S. T. , Briffa Tom G. , Knuiman Matthew W. , Dimer Lyn , Thompson Peter L. , Thompson Sandra C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the impact of remoteness on Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal myocardial infarction incidence rates in men and women of different ages.DesignDescriptive study.SettingWestern Australia.ParticipantsIncident cases of myocardial infarction in Western Australia from 2000–2004 identified from person‐linked files of hospital and mortality records. Analysis was undertaken for Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal populations, separately and combined, by broad age group, sex and remoteness.Main outcome measureIncidence of myocardial infarction.ResultsIn the combined analysis, age‐standardised incidence was significantly higher for men in very remote areas (rate ratio 1.31: 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19–1.45) and in women in both regional (rate ratio 1.12: 95% CI, 1.01–1.20) and very remote (rate ratio 2.05: 95% CI, 1.75–2.41) areas. Aboriginal rates were substantially higher than non‐Aboriginal rates in all substrata. Compared with metropolitan people, regional Aboriginal men and very remote non‐Aboriginal men aged 25–54 years had significantly higher incidence rates. For the remaining rural strata, there was either no geographical disadvantage or inconclusive findings.ConclusionsNon‐metropolitan disadvantage in myocardial infarction rates is confirmed in regional areas and women in very remote areas. This disadvantage is partly explained by the high rates in Aboriginal people. Non‐metropolitan dwellers are not uniformly disadvantaged, reflecting the interplay of the many factors contributing to the complex relationship between myocardial infarction incidence and sex, age, Aboriginality and residence. Aboriginal Western Australians in all regions and young non‐Aboriginal men living in very remote areas need to be targeted to reduce disparities in myocardial infarction.
Lymphovascular invasion is independently associated with bladder cancer recurrence and survival in patients with final stage T1 disease and negative lymph nodes after radical cystectomy
Authors: Tilki Derya , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Lotan Yair , Rink Michael , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Schoenberg Mark P. , Lerner Seth P. , Sonpavde Guru , Sagalowsky Arthur I. , Gupta Amit 
Published: November 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is an important step in systemic cancer cell dissemination. LVI has been shown to be an independent predictor of disease recurrence and cancer‐specific survival in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) for patients with carcinoma invading bladder muscle.
Patients with final pathological stage T1N0 UCB who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) have not been separately analysed for influence of LVI on outcomes. Our study shows that LVI predicts disease recurrence and cancer‐specific survival in patients with final stage T1 UCB after RC.
Objective
To determine the outcomes of patients with final pathological stage T1N0 disease after radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) and to determine whether lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is an independent predictor of prognosis in these patients.
Patients and Methods
Records of 958 consecutive patients who underwent RC at three academic centres were reviewed.
A total of 101 patients with negative lymph nodes and with final stage (the higher of the pre‐RC clinical/transurethral resection [TUR] and post‐RC pathological stages) T1 UCB were identified.
The median (range) follow‐up was 38 (0.4–177) months and the median (range) number of nodes examined was 19 (9–80).
Results
Overall, 12/101 (11.9%) patients experienced cancer recurrence and 7/101 (6.9%) died from their cancer. The 3‐year recurrence‐free survival probability (SD) was 0.89 (0.04) and 3‐year cancer‐specific survival probability (SD) was 0.96 (0.02).
Six of 101 (6%) patients had LVI, of whom four experienced disease recurrence and three died from bladder cancer.
All recurrences and deaths occurred in patients who had either LVI and/or concomitant carcinoma in situ.
On multivariable analysis, LVI (hazard ratio [HR] 4.9, P = 0.01) and higher pathological stage (HR 8.5, P = 0.04) predicted cancer recurrence and LVI (HR 6.7, P = 0.01) predicted cancer‐specific survival.
Conclusions
LVI helps identify patients with final pathological T1N0 UCB who are at significantly increased risk of bladder cancer recurrence and death.
These patients should be considered for close monitoring after cystectomy.
Enhancing Conservation, Ecosystem Services, and Local Livelihoods through a Wildlife Premium Mechanism
Authors: Dinerstein Eric , Varma Keshav , Wikramanayake Eric , Powell George , Lumpkin Susan , Naidoo Robin , Korchinsky Mike , Del Valle Christian , Lohani Shubash , Seidensticker John , Joldersma Dirk , Lovejoy Thomas , Kushlin Andrey 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe propose the wildlife premium mechanism as an innovation to conserve endangered large vertebrates. The performance‐based payment scheme would allow stakeholders in lower‐income countries to generate revenue by recovering and maintaining threatened fauna that can also serve as umbrella species (i.e., species whose protection benefits other species with which they co‐occur). There are 3 possible options for applying the premium: option 1, embed premiums in a carbon payment; option 2, link premiums to a related carbon payment, but as independent and legally separate transactions; option 3, link premiums to noncarbon payments for conserving ecosystem services (PES). Each option presents advantages, such as incentive payments to improve livelihoods of rural poor who reside in or near areas harboring umbrella species, and challenges, such as the establishment of a subnational carbon credit scheme. In Kenya, Peru, and Nepal pilot premium projects are now underway or being finalized that largely follow option 1. The Kasigau (Kenya) project is the first voluntary carbon credit project to win approval from the 2 leading groups sanctioning such protocols and has already sold carbon credits totaling over $1.2 million since June 2011. A portion of the earnings is divided among community landowners and projects that support community members and has added over 350 jobs to the local economy. All 3 projects involve extensive community management because they occur on lands where locals hold the title or have a long‐term lease from the government. The monitoring, reporting, and verification required to make premium payments credible to investors include transparent methods for collecting data on key indices by trained community members and verification of their reporting by a biologist. A wildlife premium readiness fund would enable expansion of pilot programs needed to test options beyond those presented here.Mejora de la Conservación, Servicios del Ecosistema y Calidad de Vida Local Mediante un Mecanismo de Compensación de Vida Silvestre
Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer of the Trapezius Flap in 20 Dogs and a Wallaby
Authors: Kurach Lindsey , Smith Mark E. H. , Fowler John Dave 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility, complications, and clinical outcome of consecutive free trapezius flap transfers in 20 dogs and a wallaby.Study DesignCase series.AnimalsDogs (n = 20) and 1 wallabyMethodsMedical records of 20 dogs and 1 wallaby that had free trapezius flap transfers were evaluated retrospectively for indications, date of transfer, site of flap relocation, flap composition (myocutaneous, muscular, myoosseus), recipient artery and veins, flap ischemia times, surgery time, antithrombotic strategies used, intra‐ and postoperative complications related to the flap, hospitalization, in hospital duration after flap transfer, and outcome.ResultsFree flap transfers (16 muscle, 4 myocutaneous, 1 myoosseus) were used to treat traumatic soft tissue loss (13), neoplasm excision (2), osteomyelitis (4), and soft palate reconstruction (2); all flaps survived. Anti‐thrombotic therapy was used in all cases although strategies varied. Postoperative complications were infrequent, generally of low severity, and primarily included donor site seroma formation and infection.ConclusionsFree trapezius flap was successfully used in 21 consecutive cases for a wide variety of reconstructive techniques with good, functional long‐term outcome.
Processed residual pump blood in cardiac surgery: the Processed Residual Blood in Cardiac surgery trial
Authors: Whitlock Richard , Mathew Joseph , Eikelboom John , Al‐Saleh Ayman Mohammad , Yuan Fei , Teoh Kevin 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundProcessing residual cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) volume via ultrafiltration may improve hemostasis and reduce transfusion through clearing activated complement, activated coagulation components, and proinflammatory cytokines. We sought to establish if processing residual CPB volume with ultrafiltration reduces homologous blood transfusion and bleeding.Study Design and MethodsAdult patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery were randomly assigned to receive processed (n = 99) or unprocessed (control; n = 98) residual CPB volume in this single‐center randomized controlled trial. The intensive care unit team, patients, and assessors were blinded to treatment assignment and a transfusion protocol was followed. Surgeons were permitted to use retrograde autologous priming to minimize crystalloid pump prime.ResultsThe processed study bag was of a smaller volume (280 [0, 550] mL vs. 590 [215, 726] mL; p < 0.01) but a higher hematocrit (29% [0%, 34%] vs. 23% [20%, 25%]; p < 0.01) than control. The rate of transfusion with homologous blood was 39% in both groups (p = 0.92). There was no difference in the volume transfused (processed 323 ± 585 mL vs. control 276 ± 520 mL; p = 0.56). There was also no difference in the proportion of patients transfused with any blood product (processed 44% vs. control 45%; p = 0.95) or in the volume of chest tube output (processed 600 [500, 940] mL vs. control 670 [490, 932] mL; p = 0.62).ConclusionUltrafiltration of residual CPB volume in adults undergoing isolated CABG surgery does not reduce the need for transfusion or bleeding.
“The itching hand“– important differential diagnoses and treatment
Authors: Weisshaar Elke , Kallen Ursula , Weiß Melanie 
Published: November 2012

SummarySkin diseases affecting the hands receive particular individual attention and constitute a considerable emotional burden. Many dermatoses also present with itching of the hands. Itch is often underestimated when it occurs in a comparably limited body area such as the hands. The high occupational significance of the hands in many professions must, nevertheless, be stressed. One of the most frequent diagnoses in itching of the hands is eczema. In the differential diagnosis, less common diseases such as neurological and systemic diseases and adverse drug reactions must also be taken into consideration. Itching of the hands can also be accompanied by other sensations, such as burning, stinging and pain. A thorough history regarding sensations and dysesthesias already allows for a diagnostic classification of the disease in some cases. Itching of the hands requires a careful and thorough diagnostic approach. This forms the basis of a specific and successful therapy which may be adapted stepwise, depending on the underlying cause, and also may require, in addition to causal therapy, symptomatic antipruritic therapy. Therapy should follow the current guidelines for chronic pruritus and hand eczema. This article reviews over the differential diagnosis and therapy of ìitching handsî.
Mechanical thrombectomy with the Solitaire AB device in large intracerebral artery occlusions
Authors: McCabe John J , Phillips Timothy J , Phatouros Con , Singh Tejinder , Blacker David , Hankey Graeme J , McAuliffe William 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIntroductionMechanical thrombectomy has the potential to revolutionise the treatment of acute stroke. The Solitaire AB device is used for clot retrieval with unprecedented revascularisation rates being reported. Our aim is to report our experiences of the safety and efficacy of the Solitaire AB device in acute ischaemic stroke.MethodsA retrospective dual‐centre study of 21 patients with acute ischaemic stroke who underwent mechanical thrombectomy with the Solitaire AB device between 1 October 2010 and 1 December 2011 was carried out. Using clinical data recovered from patients' case notes, we identified time intervals from groin puncture to recanalisation, revascularisation rates, procedural complications and neurological status before and after treatment (using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin scale (mRS) respectively).ResultsSuccessful revascularisation, defined as Thrombosis in Cerebral Ischemia Grade 2 or 3, was achieved in 81% of cases. The mean NIHSS score at presentation was 18.5. The mean number of passes required to achieve recanalisation was 1.95 and the median duration of the procedure from groin puncture to recanalisation was 65 min. Procedural events included distal emboli (n = 2), arterial dissection (n = 1) and arterial perforation (n = 1).There were three cases of asymptomatic intracranial haemorrhage. Forty‐eight per cent of patients achieved a good functional outcome at 3 months (mRS score ≤2). The mortality rate at 3 months was 19% (n = 4). There was no procedure‐related mortality.ConclusionsMechanical thrombectomy with the Solitaire AB device is safe and achieves high rates of revascularisation in acute stroke with good clinical outcomes.
HOW YOUNG PEOPLE COPE WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Muhammad Shahid , Noble Helen , Banks Pauline , Carson Amanda , Martin Colin R. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYBackground: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex, long‐term condition occurring in all age groups. It has been reported that the incidence of renal replacement therapy in young people is 7–8 per million population. Notwithstanding those individuals who may receive a donor kidney, many individuals may be disenfranchised by perceptions of helplessness and feelings of powerlessness against a backdrop of diminished health outlook, consequently impacting on capacity for effective coping.Aim: The aim of this review is to explore how young people cope with CKD.Methods: Three hundred and thirty‐seven abstracts were identified. Sixty‐three papers were cross‐examined using a Critical Appraisal Skills Checklist Tool.Results: Young people face various demands; these may be episodic or ongoing, depending on health and circumstance. The themes this review uncovers are: ‘Lack of a Coping Definition’; ‘Coping Strategies in Young People’; and ‘Barriers to the Understanding of Coping in Young People’.Conclusion: More qualitative research is vital to retrieve ‘real‐life’ perceptions from young people coping with kidney disease to identify how care should be made more explicit for them.
NUTRITIONAL EDUCATION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF OSTEODYSTROPHY (NEMO) IN PATIENTS ON HAEMODIALYSIS: A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Karavetian Mirey , Ghaddar Sana 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYObjectiveTo examine the effect of self‐management dietary counselling (SMDC) on adherence to dietary management of hyperphosphatemia among haemodialysis patients.DesignAn eight‐week cluster based randomised control trial.Participants122 stable adult patients were recruited from an HD unit in Sidon, Lebanon. Study groups were: full intervention (A) (n = 41), partial intervention (B) (n = 41) and control (C) (n = 40).InterventionGroup (A) received SMDC, Group (B) received educational games only and Group (C) did not receive any research intervention.Main Outcome MeasuresSerum phosphorus (P), Calcium Phosphate product (Ca × P) and two questionnaires: patient knowledge (PK) and dietary non‐adherence (PDnA) to P reduced diet.ResultsGroup A experienced a significant improvement in mean (± SD) P (6.54 ± 2.05 − 5.4 ± 1.97 mg/dl), Ca × P (58 ± 17 − 49 ± 12), PK scores (50 ± 17 − 69 ± 25%) and PDnA scores (21.4 ± 4.0 − 18.3 ± 2.0). Group B experienced a significant improvement in Ca × P (52 ± 14–45 ± 16). Group C did not experience any significant change post intervention.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate the importance of patient‐tailored counselling on serum P management.
Comprehensive microbiological findings in peri‐implantitis and periodontitis
Authors: Koyanagi Tatsuro , Sakamoto Mitsuo , Takeuchi Yasuo , Maruyama Noriko , Ohkuma Moriya , Izumi Yuichi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimThe microbial differences between peri‐implantitis and periodontitis in the same subjects were examined using 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis and real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Materials and methodsSubgingival plaque samples were taken from the deepest pockets of peri‐implantitis and periodontitis sites in six subjects. The prevalence of bacteria was analysed using a 16S rRNA gene clone library and real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsA total of 333 different taxa were identified from 799 sequenced clones; 231 (69%) were uncultivated phylotypes, of which 75 were novel. The numbers of bacterial taxa identified at the sites of peri‐implantitis and periodontitis were 192 and 148 respectively. The microbial composition of peri‐implantitis was more diverse when compared with that of periodontitis. Fusobacterium spp. and Streptococcus spp. were predominant in both peri‐implantitis and periodontitis, while bacteria such as Parvimonas micra were only detected in peri‐implantitis. The prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria was not high, while quantitative evaluation revealed that, in most cases, prevalence was higher at peri‐implantitis sites than at periodontitis sites.ConclusionsThe biofilm in peri‐implantitis showed a more complex microbial composition when compared with periodontitis. Common periodontopathic bacteria showed low prevalence, and several bacteria were identified as candidate pathogens in peri‐implantitis.
Modulation of attentional blink with emotional faces in typical development and in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Yerys Benjamin E. , Ruiz Ericka , Strang John , Sokoloff Jennifer , Kenworthy Lauren , Vaidya Chandan J. 
Published: November 2012

Background:  The attentional blink (AB) phenomenon was used to assess the effect of emotional information on early visual attention in typically developing (TD) children and children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The AB effect is the momentary perceptual unawareness that follows target identification in a rapid serial visual processing stream. It is abolished or reduced for emotional stimuli, indicating that emotional information has privileged access to early visual attention processes.Methods:  We examined the AB effect for faces with neutral and angry facial expressions in 8‐ to 14‐year‐old children with and without an ASD diagnosis.Results:  Children with ASD exhibited the same magnitude AB effect as TD children for both neutral and angry faces.Conclusions:  Early visual attention to emotional facial expressions was preserved in children with ASD.
Meta‐analysis of digital dermoscopy follow‐up of melanocytic skin lesions: a study on behalf of the International Dermoscopy Society
Authors: Salerni G. , Terán T. , Puig S. , Malvehy J. , Zalaudek I. , Argenziano G. , Kittler H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that dermoscopic monitoring of melanocytic lesions allows for the recognition of melanoma in early stages while minimizing the excision of benign lesions. However, it is still pending to determine the real impact of digital follow‐up in the clinical management of pigmented lesions. To assess the evidence of follow‐up of melanocytic skin lesions with digital dermoscopy in the management of individuals at risk for melanoma by performing a meta‐analysis. Medline database was screened, no limits in terms of date or language were applied. Original studies were selected when the following criteria were met: performed in clinical setting with clinical and dermoscopic evaluation made by physicians, data regarding population characteristics included, follow‐up strategy used described. Fourteen of 145 retrieved references were retained. Included studies account for a total of 5787 patients (mean 445 per study) and 52 739 lesions monitored (mean per study 4057; range 272–11 396) with a mean of 12 lesions monitored per patient; a total of 4388 lesions (8.3%) were excised. The mean length of follow‐up was 30 months. A mean of <1 lesion was excised per patient along the surveillance period. The number needed to monitor (NNM) ranged from 31 to 1008 (mean: 348) among eligible studies. For every additional month of monitoring, 1additional melanoma was detected. Using digital dermoscopy follow‐up, the proportion of in situ melanoma and thin melanomas are higher than expected in general population. Chances to detect a melanoma during surveillance increase as the length of follow‐up extends.