bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation of CAIPIRINHA: Comparison against a GRAPPA standard
Authors: Wright Katherine L. , Harrell Michael W. , Jesberger John A. , Landeras Luis , Nakamoto Dean A. , Thomas Smitha , Nickel Dominik , Kroeker Randall , Griswold Mark A. , Gulani Vikas 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo evaluate image quality when using a CAIPIRINHA sampling pattern in comparison to a standard GRAPPA sampling pattern in patients undergoing a routine three‐dimensional (3D) breathheld liver exam. CAIPIRINHA uses an optimized phase encoding sampling strategy to alter aliasing artifacts in 3D acquisitions to improve parallel imaging reconstruction.Materials and MethodsTwenty patient volunteers were scanned using a 3D VIBE acquisition with an acceleration factor of four using a CAIPIRINHA and standard GRAPPA sampling pattern. CAIPIRINHA and GRAPPA images were evaluated by three radiologists in a two alternative forced choice test, and the Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed.ResultsThe CAIPIRINHA sampling pattern was preferred in an average of 68% of the comparisons, and the Wilcoxon signed rank test showed a significant improvement in CAIPIRINHA images (P = 0.014). This analysis indicates that in the given sample set, CAIPIRINHA preference over the GRAPPA standard was statistically significant.ConclusionThis work shows that for an acceleration factor of four, a CAIPIRINHA accelerated VIBE acquisition provides significantly improved image quality in comparison to the current GRAPPA standard. This allows a further reduction in imaging time for similar spatial resolutions, which can reduce long breathhold requirements in abdominal imaging, and may be particularly helpful in patients who cannot provide requisite breathholds with current protocols. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:189–194. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Double inversion recovery MR imaging of the breast: Efficacy in detection of breast cancer
Authors: Kim Jeoung Hyun , Ryu Jung Kyu , Jahng Geon‐Ho , Song Jeong Yoon 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo investigate the efficacy of the double inversion recovery sequence (DIR) in breast cancer detection.Materials and MethodsFifty‐six patients with biopsy‐proven breast cancers underwent preoperative breast MRI, including sagittal DIR and contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted images (CE‐T1WI). Twenty‐four of the 56 patients additionally underwent sagittal T1WI and T2WI. The signal intensities of the lesion (L) and ipsilateral normal breast tissue (N) were measured. The lesion‐to‐normal ratio (LNR) was defined as LNR = 100(L‐N)/N. We compared LNRs among the four sequences, and then assessed the differences of LNRs between CE‐T1WI and DIR in each pathologic subgroup (IDC and non‐IDC group). Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of the signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNR) of the normal tissue or lesion and LNRs.ResultsThe mean LNR did not differ significantly between DIR (58.65 ± 71.55) and CE‐T1WI (59.78 ±31.04), nor did the LNRs between DIR and CE‐T1WI in the two subgroups. The LNRs of DIR did not differ significantly between the two subgroups (P = 0.247). The SNR of lesions in DIR was correlated with the intraductal component percentage (r2 = 0.485, P = 0.037).ConclusionDIR and CE‐T1WI showed similar tumor detection efficacy, and DIR could complement dynamic MRI for detecting breast cancer without a contrast agent. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:51–58. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved motion correction in PROPELLER by using grouped blades as reference
Authors: Liu Zhe , Zhang Zhe , Ying Kui , Yuan Chun , Guo Hua 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo develop a robust reference generation method for improving PROPELLER (Periodically Rotated Overlapping ParallEL Lines with Enhanced Reconstruction) reconstruction.Materials and MethodsA new reference generation method, grouped‐blade reference (GBR), is proposed for calculating rotation angle and translation shift in PROPELLER. Instead of using a single‐blade reference (SBR) or combined‐blade reference (CBR), our method classifies blades by their relative correlations and groups similar blades together as the reference to prevent inconsistent data from interfering the correction process. Numerical simulations and in vivo experiments were used to evaluate the performance of GBR for PROPELLER, which was further compared with SBR and CBR in terms of error level and computation cost.ResultsBoth simulation and in vivo experiments demonstrate that GBR‐based PROPELLER provides better correction for random motion or bipolar motion comparing with SBR or CBR. It not only produces images with lower error level but also needs less iteration steps to converge.ConclusionA grouped‐blade for reference selection was investigated for PROPELLER MRI. It helps to improve the accuracy and robustness of motion correction for various motion patterns. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:700–707. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative measurement of femoral condyle cartilage in the knee by MRI: Validation study by multireaders
Authors: Fujinaga Yasunari , Yoshioka Hiroshi , Sakai Toshinori , Sakai Yoko , Souza Felipe , Lang Philipp 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo determine reproducibility of the femoral condyle cartilage volume (CV) in cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies using various 3D imaging techniques at 1.5 T and 3 T.Materials and MethodsIn 21 subjects with osteoarthritis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including four different sequences (sagittal 3D fat suppressed spoiled gradient‐echo [SPGR] at 1.5 T, fat suppressed fast low angle shot [FLASH] at 3 T, water‐excitation dual echo steady state [DESS] at 3 T, and water‐excitation multiecho data image combination [MEDIC] at 3 T) were acquired at baseline and ∼1 year later. The CV measured using semiautomated segmentation software by three readers was analyzed.ResultsThe mean of the interclass correlation coefficient between each reader from SPGR, FLASH, DESS, and MEDIC was 0.899, 0.948, 0.943, and 0.954, respectively. The mean CV (×104 mm3) measured by each reader from SPGR/FLASH/DESS/MEDIC sequences was the following in this order: 1.34/1.52/1.50/1.35, 1.21/1.43/1.40/1.27, 1.22/1.37/1.36/1.22, and 1.17/1.36/1.35/1.21 by readers 1, 2, 3 (first analysis), and 3 (second analysis), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in CV between any readers in any sequences. The CV measured on FLASH and DESS tended to be greater than that on SPGR or MEDIC.ConclusionInter‐ and intraobserver reproducibility of cartilage segmentation using semiautomated software was validated. Although there was no statistical significance, there was a tendency of under‐ or overestimating CV by each sequence. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:972–977. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved anatomical reproducibility in quantitative lower‐limb muscle MRI
Authors: Fischmann Arne , Morrow Jasper M. , Sinclair Christopher D.J. , Reilly Mary M. , Hanna Michael G. , Yousry Tarek , Thornton John S. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo compare the influence of two limb positions and slice prescription using scout‐image–based and surface‐anatomy–based methods on the reproducibility of quantitative MRI of lower‐limb muscles.Materials and MethodsTen healthy subjects were scanned at 3 Tesla with a two‐dimensional turbo spin‐echo T1‐weighted acquisition. Imaging was performed at thigh and calf level in two subject limb positions and independently repeated by a second operator. Regions‐of‐interest (ROI) were drawn on three muscles at thigh and calf levels on axial slices at fixed distance from the knee joint and at a level determined by surface anatomy.ResultsTest–retest reliability of muscle cross‐sectional area and ROI area overlap were similar for both limb positioning methods. Changing limb position between scans reduced ROI overlap (P < 0.01). Scout‐image–based slice prescription resulted in narrower limits of agreement and higher intraclass correlation coefficients compared with surface‐anatomy–based slice prescription.ConclusionSlice prescription based on fixed distance from the knee joint provided superior reproducibility of slice location than a surface anatomy‐based method and should be used for longitudinal quantitative MRI studies. Exact subject positioning will depend on scanner and coil configuration, but should be consistent through a longitudinal study. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:1033–1038. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Probably benign breast MRI lesions: Frequency, lesion type, and rate of malignancy
Authors: Lourenco Ana P. , Chung Michelle Tsang Mui , Mainiero Martha B. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo determine the frequency, malignancy rate, and imaging characteristics of BI‐RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) 3 MRI detected lesions.Materials and MethodsA total of 4370 consecutive contrast‐enhanced breast MRI exams from March 1, 2004, to March 1, 2009, were retrospectively reviewed. The study was HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability Accountability Act) compliant and Institutional Review Board approved. The frequency of BI‐RADS 3 MRI interpretations and lesion type, as well as malignancy rate at follow‐up were calculated.ResultsThere were 348/4370 (8%) BI‐RADS 3 exams performed on 345 patients. There were 125 foci (35.9%), 52 non‐masslike enhancements (14.9%), and 171 masses (49.1%). There were 207 lesions with biopsy or imaging follow‐up of at least 24 months (mean, 32 months; range, 6–77 months) of the BI‐RADS 3 lesion. Five of these 207 (2.4%) lesions were found to be malignant.ConclusionRate of malignancy among BI‐RADS 3 MRI exams with follow‐up was 2.4%. Types of lesions assigned as probably benign were 35.9% foci, 14.9% non‐masslike enhancements, and 49.1% masses. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:789–794. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sex dimorphism in the white matter: Fractional anisotropy and brain size
Authors: Takao Hidemasa , Hayashi Naoto , Ohtomo Kuni 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo examine sex differences in fractional anisotropy of the white matter across the whole brain, controlling for head size variation.Materials and MethodsA total of 238 normal subjects aged 40–49 years were included in this study. Diffusion tensor images were acquired at 3 Tesla using a single‐shot spin‐echo echo‐planar sequence. With use of tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS), sex differences in fractional anisotropy of the white matter were examined across the whole brain, without and with adjustment of total intracranial volume. Voxelwise analyses of the processed fractional anisotropy data were performed using permutation‐based, voxelwise nonparametric testing.ResultsTBSS analysis without adjustment for total intracranial volume showed several regions with a significant effect of sex on fractional anisotropy; these included the splenium of the corpus callosum, bilateral superior corona radiata, and posterior limbs of the internal capsule, midbrain, and cerebellum. Significantly higher fractional anisotropy was seen in males compared with females in these regions. TBSS analysis with adjustment for total intracranial volume, however, showed a greatly reduced number of such regions.ConclusionThe results of our study suggest that sex differences in fractional anisotropy of the white matter reported by previous studies may partly reflect differences in head size, not microscopic differences. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:917–923. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing patients with hepatocellular carcinoma meeting the milan criteria: Is liver 3 tesla MR with gadoxetic acid necessary in addition to liver CT?
Authors: Cha Dong Ik , Lee Min Woo , Kim Young Kon , Kim Seong Hyun , Park Hyun Jeong , Rhim Hyunchul , Lim Hyo K. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo determine the added value of 3 Tesla liver MR in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within the liver computed tomography (CT) ‐based Milan criteria.Materials and MethodsLiver CT and MR images of 130 patients with HCC within the Milan criteria based on liver CT were retrospectively reviewed. The number of MR‐diagnosed HCCs and that of high risk hypervascular nodules (HRHNs), the effect of obtaining MR on patient management and CT appearances of MR‐diagnosed HCCs and those of HRHNs were evaluated. Independent predictor for diagnosing additional HCCs on liver MR was analyzed.ResultsA total of 18.5% (24/130) of patients had additional 39 HCCs on MR, with a 5.4% (7/130) dropout rate from the Milan criteria. 28.5% (37/130) of patients had additional 78 HRHNs. Overall, 39.2% (51/130) of patients required changes in management. The common CT appearances of MR‐diagnosed HCCs were arterial enhancing lesions ≥ 0.5cm (38.4%, 15/39), low density nodules < 1.5 cm (30.8%, 12/39) and invisibility (28.2%, 11/39). For MR‐diagnosed HRHNs, 55.1% (43/78) were invisible on CT. The presence of inconclusive lesions on CT was an independent predictor for diagnosing additional HCCs on MR.ConclusionFor patients with HCCs within the Milan criteria on liver CT, liver MR may be necessary to detect additional HCCs and HRHNs. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:842–852. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CMR reference values for left ventricular volumes, mass, and ejection fraction using computer‐aided analysis: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Chuang Michael L. , Gona Philimon , Hautvast Gilion L.T.F. , Salton Carol J. , Breeuwer Marcel , O'Donnell Christopher J. , Manning Warren J. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo determine sex‐specific reference values for left ventricular (LV) volumes, mass, and ejection fraction (EF) in healthy adults using computer‐aided analysis and to examine the effect of age on LV parameters.Materials and MethodsWe examined data from 1494 members of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort, obtained using short‐axis stack cine SSFP CMR, identified a healthy reference group (without cardiovascular disease, hypertension, or LV wall motion abnormality) and determined sex‐specific upper 95th percentile thresholds for LV volumes and mass, and lower 5th percentile thresholds for EF using computer‐assisted border detection. In secondary analyses, we stratified participants by age‐decade and tested for linear trend across age groups.ResultsThe reference group comprised 685 adults (423F; 61 ± 9 years). Men had greater LV volumes and mass, before and after indexation to common measures of body size (all P = 0.001). Women had greater EF (73 ± 6 versus 71 ± 6%; P = 0.0002). LV volumes decreased with greater age in both sexes, even after indexation. Indexed LV mass did not vary with age. LV EF and concentricity increased with greater age in both sexes.ConclusionWe present CMR‐derived LV reference values. There are significant age and sex differences in LV volumes, EF, and geometry, whereas mass differs between sexes but not age groups. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:895–900. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liver dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI for staging liver fibrosis in a piglet model
Authors: Zhou Li , Chen Tian‐wu , Zhang Xiao‐ming , Yang Zhi , Tang Hong‐jie , Deng Dan , Zeng Nan‐lin , Wang Li‐ying , Chen Xiao‐li , Li Hang , Li Chun‐ping , Li Li , Xie Xian‐yong , Hu Jiani 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo determine whether dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) could monitor progression of liver fibrosis in a piglet model, and which DCE‐MRI parameter is most accurate for staging this disease.Materials and MethodsSixteen piglets were prospectively used to model liver fibrosis and underwent liver DCE‐MRI followed by biopsy on the 0, 5th, 9th, 16th, and 21st weekends after modeling of fibrosis. Time of peak (TOP), time to peak (TTP), positive enhancement integral (PEI), maximum slope of increase (MSI), and maximum slope of decrease (MSD) were measured and statistically analyzed for the monitoring and staging.ResultsAs fibrosis progresses, TOP and TTP tended to increase, whereas MSI, MSD, and PEI tended to decrease (all P < 0.05). TOP, TTP, and MSI could discriminate fibrosis stage 0 from 1–4, 0–1 from 2–4, 0–2 from 3–4, and 0–3 from 4; PEI could distinguish the above‐mentioned stages except 0–3 from 4; and MSD could distinguish stage 0–3 from 4, and 0 from 1–4 (all P < 0.05). For predicting stage ≥1, ≥2, and ≥3, the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of MSI was largest among all parameters; for stage 4 AUC of TTP was largest.ConclusionDCE‐MRI has the potential to dynamically stage progression of liver fibrosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:872–878. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Real‐time flow MRI of the aorta at a resolution of 40 msec
Authors: Joseph Arun , Kowallick Johannes T. , Merboldt Klaus‐Dietmar , Voit Dirk , Schaetz Sebastian , Zhang Shuo , Sohns Jan M. , Lotz Joachim , Frahm Jens 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo evaluate a novel real‐time phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for the assessment of through‐plane flow in the ascending aorta.Materials and MethodsReal‐time MRI was based on a radial fast low‐angle shot (FLASH) sequence with about 30‐fold undersampling and image reconstruction by regularized nonlinear inversion. Phase‐contrast maps were obtained from two (interleaved or sequential) acquisitions with and without a bipolar velocity‐encoding gradient. Blood flow in the ascending aorta was studied in 10 healthy volunteers at 3 T by both real‐time MRI (15 sec during free breathing) and electrocardiogram (ECG)‐synchronized cine MRI (with and without breath holding). Flow velocities and stroke volumes were evaluated using standard postprocessing software.ResultsThe total acquisition time for a pair of phase‐contrast images was 40.0 msec (TR/TE = 2.86/1.93 msec, 10° flip angle, 7 spokes per image) for a nominal in‐plane resolution of 1.3 mm and a section thickness of 6 mm. Quantitative evaluations of spatially averaged flow velocities and stroke volumes were comparable for real‐time and cine methods when real‐time MRI data were averaged across heartbeats. For individual heartbeats real‐time phase‐contrast MRI resulted in higher peak velocities for values above 120 cm s−1.ConclusionReal‐time phase‐contrast MRI of blood flow in the human aorta yields functional parameters for individual heartbeats. When averaged across heartbeats real‐time flow velocities and stroke volumes are comparable to values obtained by conventional cine MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:206–213. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Susceptibility to cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19 and age‐dependent differences in levels of rubella antibodies among pregnant women
Authors: Barlinn Regine , Vainio Kirsti , Samdal Helvi Holm , Nordbø Svein Arne , Nøkleby Hanne , Dudman Susanne G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractInfections caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), parvovirus B19 (B19), and rubella can lead to serious complications in pregnant women. The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility to CMV, B19, and rubella antibodies in pregnant women in Norway. Consecutive sera samples were collected from pregnant women in two different regions in Norway. Sera were collected from age groups; ≤19, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39, and ≥40 years old. Of the 2,000 pregnant women tested, anti‐CMV IgG was positive in 62.8% anti‐parvovirus B19 IgG in 59.7% and anti‐rubella IgG in 94.4%. CMV IgG susceptibility has decreased in pregnant women less than 30 years of age, from 60% in a study conducted in 1973–1974 to 37.2% in present study. There was a significant difference in CMV IgG seropositivity rate between the two regions (58.6% and 67.1%). Serum levels of rubella IgG was lowest in age group 25–29 years with a positivity rate of 91.0%. Women born before vaccination with two doses of MMR started, had both a higher positivity rate and significantly higher levels of rubella antibody titre, 96.1% and 82.2 IU/ml compared to those born after 92.9% and 41.7 IU/ml. Significantly lower anti‐rubella IgG titre found in the youngest age groups highlights the need for continued antenatal screening. A considerable increase in anti‐CMV‐IgG seropositivity rate was observed and might be associated with higher rate of breastfeeding and a higher percentage attending day‐care centres. J. Med. Virol. 86:820–826, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immunopathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever: Contribution to the study of human liver lesions
Authors: Pagliari Carla , Quaresma Juarez Antonio Simões , Fernandes Elaine Raniero , Stegun Felipe Weisshaupt , Brasil Roosecelis Araújo , de Andrade Heitor Franco , Barros Vera , Vasconcelos Pedro Fernando C. , Duarte Maria Irma Seixas 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDengue infection is an important tropical disease worldwide. The host immune response has been studied in order to better understand lesion mechanisms. It was performed an immunohistochemical study in 14 specimens of liver from patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) to characterize cytokines and some factors present in liver lesions and their possible role in the pathogenesis of hepatic injury. Portal tract and hepatic acinus presented high expression of TLR2, TLR3, IL6, and granzyme B. Hepatic acinus also presented iNOS, IL18, and TGF‐beta. Cells expressing IL12, IL13, JAk1, STAT1, and NF‐κB were rarely visualized. Treg cells foxp3+ were absent. TLR2 and TLR3 seem to participate in cellular activation and cytokine production. Cytotoxic response seems to play a role. Although TGF‐beta promotes the activation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, IL6 can significantly suppresses their generation. The expression of Treg cells is diminished probably as a result of the high frequency of these cytokines. Both cytokines play a role in the increased vascular permeability and edema observed in dengue liver specimens, with consequent plasma leakage and severity of the disease. It was observed a regular expression of IL‐18 in hepatocytes and lymphocytes of the inflammatory infiltrate in portal tract, which reflects the acute inflammatory response that occurs in the liver and contributes to hepatic injury. At least in part, the increased number of cells expressing IL‐18 could play a role of “up” regulation of FasL and correlate to the phenomenon of apoptosis, a mechanism of destruction of hepatocytes in DHF. J. Med. Virol. 86:1193–1197, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Burden of respiratory viruses in patients with acute respiratory failure
Authors: Schnell David , Gits‐Muselli Maud , Canet Emmanuel , Lemiale Virginie , Schlemmer Benoît , Simon François , Azoulay Elie , Legoff Jérôme 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRespiratory viruses (RVs) are ubiquitous pathogens that represent a major cause of community‐acquired pneumonia and chronic pulmonary diseases exacerbations. However, their contribution to acute respiratory failure events requiring intensive care unit admission in the era of rapid multiplex molecular assay deserves further evaluation. This study investigated the burden of viral infections in non immunocompromised patients admitted to the intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure using a multiplex molecular assay. Patients were investigated for RVs using immunofluoresence testing and a commercial multiplex molecular assay, and for bacteria using conventional culture. Half the patients (34/70, 49%) had a documented RVs infection. No other pathogen was found in 24 (71%) patients. Viral infection was detected more frequently in patients with obstructive respiratory diseases (64% vs. 29%; P = 0.0075). Multiplex molecular assay should be considered as an usefull diagnostic tool in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with acute respiratory failure, especially those with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. J. Med. Virol. 86:1198–1202, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.