bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulus Sequence Features Influence Physicians' Response Tendencies in Radiological Image Interpretation
Authors: Beckstead Jason W. , Boutis Kathy , Pecaric Martin R. , Pusic Martin V. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryDecades of research on perception and prediction of randomness led us to speculate that the various response tendencies observed in these studies might manifest in multi‐trial discrimination tasks used in medical education. By re‐analyzing data from a previously published study in which 46 physicians and medical trainees judged 234 pediatric ankle radiographs, we show that (i) response tendencies can be differentially induced when individuals receive uniquely ordered sequences and (ii) response patterns consistent with win‐stay/lose‐shift and win‐shift/lose‐stay heuristics can be predicted from stimulus alternation rates and marginal distributions. Our results illustrate the importance of carefully arranging trials when studying discrimination and when using discrimination tasks to teach or to assess learners' skill levels. We call into question the wisdom of designing studies that present uniquely ordered stimulus sequences and discuss alternatives. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy optimization of integrated atmospheric and vacuum crude distillation units in oil refinery with light crude
Authors: Al‐Mutairi Eid M. , Babaqi Badiea S. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe heat integration and retrofit analysis of Arabian light crude distillation units was carried out to identify opportunity for energy savings using different design options, to achieve optimum heat exchanger network. Data used were extracted from an existing and operating crude oil refining plant. The pinch analysis of existing plant using process integration software (Heat‐Int) Process Integration Limited, Cheshire, United Kingdom revealed that the hot and cold utilities consumptions at the prevailing ΔTmin of 77 °F in the plant were 680.23 and 521 MMBtu/h, respectively. Economic evaluation of existing plant revealed total operating cost of $4 829 625/year. Retrofit of existing plant using different design options generated an optimal network comprised four additional heat exchangers with reduction in ΔTmin from 77 °F to 57 °F. The hot and cold utilities consumptions also reduced to 623.23 and 464.44 MMBtu/h, respectively. Economic evaluation of the new design showed energy savings of $259 860/year. The trade‐off between energy and capital costs in terms of the costs procurement and installation new heat exchangers gives overall cost savings of $32 800/year with payback period of 11 months. The study concluded that retrofitting of existing heat exchanger network to correct those exchangers that are transferring heat across the pinch could result in enormous energy savings. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Traffic signal timing problems with environmental and equity considerations
Authors: Li Zhi‐Chun , Ge Xiao‐Yan 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYTraffic signal timings in a road network can not only affect total user travel time and total amount of traffic emissions in the network but also create an inequity problem in terms of the change in travel costs of users traveling between different locations. This paper proposes a multi‐objective bi‐level programming model for design of sustainable and equitable traffic signal timings for a congested signal‐controlled road network. The upper level of the proposed model is a multi‐objective programming problem with an equity constraint that maximizes the reserve capacity of the network and minimizes the total amount of traffic emissions. The lower level is a deterministic network user equilibrium problem that considers the vehicle delays at signalized intersections of the network. To solve the proposed model, an approach for normalizing incommensurable objective functions is presented, and a heuristic solution algorithm that combines a penalty function approach and a simulated annealing method is developed. Two numerical examples are presented to show the effects of reserve capacity improvement and green time proportion on network flow distribution and transportation system performance and the importance of incorporating environmental and equity objectives in the traffic signal timing problems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite element analysis on longitudinal and radial functionally graded femoral prosthesis
Authors: Oshkour Azim Ataollahi , A Abu Osman N. , Davoodi M. M. , Yau Y. H. , Tarlochan F. , B Wan Abas W. A. , Bayat M. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYThis study focused on developing a 3D finite element model of functionally graded femoral prostheses to decrease stress shielding and to improve total hip replacement performance. The mechanical properties of the modeled functionally graded femoral prostheses were adjusted in the sagittal and transverse planes by changing the volume fraction gradient exponent. Prostheses with material changes in the sagittal and transverse planes were considered longitudinal and radial prostheses, respectively. The effects of cemented and noncemented implantation methods were also considered in this study. Strain energy and von Mises stresses were determined at the femoral proximal metaphysis and interfaces of the implanted femur components, respectively. Results demonstrated that the strain energy increased proportionally with increasing volume fraction gradient exponent, whereas the interface stresses decreased on the prostheses surfaces. A limited increase was also observed at the surfaces of the bone and cement. The periprosthetic femur with a noncemented prosthesis exhibited higher strain energy than with a cemented prosthesis. Radial prostheses implantation displayed more strain energy than longitudinal prostheses implantation in the femoral proximal part. Functionally graded materials also increased strain energy and exhibited promising potentials as substitutes of conventional materials to decrease stress shielding and to enhance total hip replacement lifespan. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PAR‐3D‐BLAST: A parallel tool for searching and aligning protein structures
Authors: Salah Ahmad , Li Kenli 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYProtein structure comparison is a vital process in several tasks like the prediction of protein structures and functions and detecting the proteins evolutionary relationships. The expansion of both the parallel computational hardware and the discovered protein structures stimulates the growth of the parallel computational tools to handle this massive data of proteome. Here, we present a parallel tool, parallel 3D‐BLAST (PAR‐3D‐BLAST), which lists the similar structures to the query protein. Each protein in the result list has a structural similarity score and an alignment to the query structure. The presented tool is implemented to fit both the standalone multi‐core computers and clusters of multi‐core nodes. The achieved speedup is linear and scalable. The experimental results outline that the speedup increases as the size of the database increases. Using a cluster of 35 computing cores, the tool constructs the database of the entire structural classification of proteins dataset, 108,116 protein entries, in less than 6min and with average query time of 1.45s. The obtained speed up is 20 times for database construction and 17 times for searching the query. The tool is an open source and free to use, distribute, and share; it is available at http://aca.hnu.cn/par3dblast. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Channel estimation for multi‐antenna mobile worldwide interoperability for microwaves access downlink partial usage of subchannels systems
Authors: Wang D. , Yang L. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYIn order to improve channel estimation performance, a new time domain least square method is proposed for the multi‐antenna worldwide interoperability for microwaves access system at the downlink partial usage of subchannels mode. We show that the pilots in the proposed method double those of the regular time domain least square method by establishing a hypothetical channel estimation model instead of increasing the additional pilots, in which the frequency outputs of virtual pilots in the current symbol are reconstructed at the positions where the actual pilots of the adjacent symbol are located. We also show that the border effect incurred by the uneven limited pilots, which degrades the performance of channel estimation, can be reduced by using SVD as effectively as regularization. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed method using SVD or regularization can perform better than the conventional approaches, and especially over the pedestrian‐B channel for four transmits, it only incurs the performance loss of about 2.5 dB at a 0.001 of BER compared to the ideal case, whereas the regular methods cease to be effective due to too rare pilots allocated for each transmit and cannot approach this BER value over the considered Eb ∕ N0 range. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Picking or nibbling: Frequency and associated clinical features in bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and binge eating disorder
Authors: Conceição Eva M. , Crosby Ross , Mitchell James E. , Engel Scott G. , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Simonich Heather K. , Peterson Caroline B. , Crow Scott J. , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivePicking or ribbling (P&N) is a newly studied eating behavior characterized by eating in an unplanned and repetitious manner in between meals and snacks. This behavior seems to be related to poorer weight loss outcomes after bariatric surgery for weight loss in severely obese patients, but clarification is still required regarding its value in other clinical samples. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of P&N across different eating disorder samples, as well as to examine its association with psychopathological eating disorder features.MethodOur sample included treatment‐seeking adult participants, recruited for five different clinical trials: 259 binge eating disorder (BED); 264 bulimia nervosa (BN), and 137 anorexia nervosa (AN). Participants were assessed using the Eating Disorders Examination interview before entering the clinical trials.ResultsP&N was reported by 44% of the BED; 57.6% of the BN; and 34.3% of the AN participants. No association was found between P&N and BMI, the presence of compensatory behaviors, binge eating, or any of the eating disorder examination subscales.DiscussionThis study suggests that P&N behavior is highly prevalent across eating disorder diagnoses, but it is not associated with psychopathology symptoms or other eating disordered behaviors. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:815–818)
Ensuring the health and safety of fried foods
Authors: Stier Richard F. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe fast food and restaurant industry, plus several food industry segments, such as the snack food industry, have been under fire because of issues such as obesity and the production of foods deemed unhealthy by many. Statistics show that people, and children especially, in the United States and the world over are simply carrying too much weight. Frying and fried foods are often cited as a cause of this problem, yet frying does not seem to want to go away. Why? Fried foods taste great. They are crisp, have wonderful flavors and aromas and fulfill a basic need … enjoyment of your food. There is another reason, however, that foods will continue to be fried. Frying is a very efficient means of transferring heat and cooking foods. The frozen potatoes that may accompany an evening meal take 15 min in a pre‐heated oven at 375°F (190°C) yet are done in minutes in hot oil. Restaurants and fast food operations can serve more people using a fryer than a conventional oven or microwave. In the food industry, whether it is at the industrial level or in foodservice, efficiency and speed means money.So, let us explore deep‐fat frying. How many people have taken the time to understand what constitutes quality and safety in this unit operation that is used throughout the world at in all levels of society and industry.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation during chronic norovirus infection
Authors: Salvador Christina , Meister Bernhard , Larcher Heike , Crazzolara Roman , Kropshofer Gabriele 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a macrophage activating syndrome that is known to develop in patients with autoimmune disease, malignancies or infection, for example with Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus or varicella zoster virus. We describe a 24‐month old boy with acute myelogenous leukaemia relapse and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, who developed HLH on day +40 during chronic infection with norovirus. Here, we report for the first time the development of HLH in combination with chronic norovirus infection after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a hematopoietic malignancy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of alcohol on attentional mechanisms involved in figure reversals
Authors: O'Brien Claire , Harris Mike , Higgs Suzanne 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveThe impairing effects of alcohol on attention are well documented and are thought to involve inhibitory mechanisms. We used ambiguous figures (Face‐Vase and Necker cube) to test whether the intentional control mechanism is more vulnerable to the effects of alcohol than the automatic mechanism. Method: Participants were assigned to an alcohol (Study 1,N = 15; Study 2,N = 18), placebo (Study 1,N = 15; Study 2,N = 20) or control (Study 1 only,N = 10) group. The doses of alcohol were 0.8 g/kg for men and 0.75 g/kg for women. Participants were shown the Face‐Vase and Necker cube figures and two variants of each, which were biased in varying degrees towards one interpretation. Study 1 assessed the automatic control mechanism by asking participants to report spontaneous reversals. Study 2 assessed the intentional control mechanism by asking participants to increase reversal rate. Results: In Study 1, reversal rate was similar for all groups, whereas in Study 2, the alcohol group reported more reversals than the control group, although this was true only for the biased versions of the Face‐Vase illusion. Conclusions: The effect of alcohol on reversal rate is observed only during intentional reversals of semantically meaningful stimuli and only when the stimulus is biased. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CpG oligodeoxynucleotide as immune adjuvant enhances photodynamic therapy response in murine metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Xia Yumin , Gupta Gaurav K. , Castano Ana P. , Mroz Pawel , Avci Pinar , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in women. The side effects and complications following current breast cancer therapy can be devastating. Moreover, the prognosis in late stages of the diseases is usually poor. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment modality that is capable of both local tumor destruction and immune stimulation. However, treatment with PDT alone is often non‐curative due to tumor‐induced immune cell dysfunction and immune suppression. This phenomenon has motivated a new approach by combining immunostimulants with PDT to enhance anti‐tumor immunity. In the present study, we investigated PDT mediated by verteporfin and 690 nm light delivered 15 min later, in combination with an immunomodulation approach using CpG oligodeoxynucleotide for the treatment of 4T1 metastatic breast cancer in a BALB/c immunocompetent mouse model. In vitro, CpG primed immature dendritic cells (DC) via toll like receptor 9 to phagocytose PDT killed tumor cells leading to DC maturation and activation. Peritumoral injection of CpG after PDT in mice gave improved local tumor control and a survival advantage compared to either treatment alone (p < 0.05). CpG may be a valuable dendritic cell targeted immunoadjuvant to combine with PDT. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MRT Letter: High resolution SEM imaging of nano‐architecture of cured urea‐formaldehyde resin using plasma coating of osmium
Authors: Park Byung‐Dae , Singh Adya P. , Nuryawan Arif , Hwang Kiju 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTNanoarchitecture of cured urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resins was examined with a field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM) after coating samples with osmium, which is considered to produce particles of considerably smaller size compared to other metal coatings used in SEM studies. This method enabled comparison of the nanoarchitecture of UF resins of low (1.0) and high (1.6) formaldehyde/urea (F/U) mole ratios to be made, based on imaging of extremely small size particles as part of UF resin architecture, not described before. Imaging revealed presence of relatively large globular particles (148.084–703.983 nm size range) as well as smaller substructures (28.004–39.604 nm size range) as part of the architecture of 1.0‐mole UF resin. Globular particles were also present in 1.6 mole UF resin, but of considerably smaller size (14.760–50.269 nm). The work presented demonstrates usefulness of osmium coating in unraveling the intricacies of the nanostructural organization of cured UF resins, prompting wider application of this immensely useful but grossly underutilized metal coating type in high resolution SEM examination of biological and materials samples. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:1108–1111, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The AWOL tool: Derivation and validation of a delirium prediction rule
Authors: Douglas Vanja C. , Hessler Christine S. , Dhaliwal Gurpreet , Betjemann John P. , Fukuda Keiko A. , Alameddine Lama R. , Lucatorto Rachael , Johnston S. Claiborne , Josephson S. Andrew 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUNDRisk factors for delirium are well‐described, yet there is no widely used tool to predict the development of delirium upon admission in hospitalized medical patients.OBJECTIVETo develop and validate a tool to predict the likelihood of developing delirium during hospitalization.DESIGNProspective cohort study with derivation (May 2010–November 2010) and validation (October 2011–March 2012) cohorts.SETTINGTwo academic medical centers and 1 Veterans Affairs medical center.PATIENTSConsecutive medical inpatients (209 in the derivation and 165 in the validation cohort) over age 50 years without delirium at the time of admission.MEASUREMENTSDelirium assessed daily for up to 6 days using the Confusion Assessment Method.RESULTSThe AWOL prediction rule was derived by assigning 1 point to each of 4 items assessed upon enrollment that were independently associated with the development of delirium (Age ≥ 80 years, failure to spell “World” backward, disOrientation to place, and higher nurse‐rated iLlness severity). Higher scores were associated with higher rates of delirium in the derivation and validation cohorts (P for trend < 0.001 and 0.025, respectively). Rates of delirium according to score in the combined population were: 0(1/50, 2%), 1(5/141, 4%), 2(15/107, 14%), 3(10/50, 20%), and 4(7/11, 64%) (P for trend < 0.001). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the derivation and validation cohorts was 0.81 (0.73–0.90) and 0.69 (0.54–0.83) respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe AWOL prediction rule characterizes medical patients' risk for delirium at the time of hospital admission and could be used for clinical stratification and in trials of delirium prevention. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:493–499. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Multi‐Shape‐Memory Property Study of Novel Poly(ε‐Caprolactone)/Ethyl Cellulose Polymer Networks
Authors: Bai Yongkang , Jiang Cheng , Wang Qihua , Wang Tingmei 
Published: August 2013

Multi‐shape‐memory polymers (MSMPs) are a novel kind of shape‐memory polymer that can fix two or more temporary shapes and recover from the first temporary shape to the other temporary shapes one by one, and finally to a permanent shape. The key factor to realize multi‐shape‐memory effects (MSMEs) is the integration of two or more reversible phases into a polymer network, which is extremely challenging work. Here, a novel strategy is used to achieve MSMEs with just one reversible phase. The polymer networks are prepared based on poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and ethyl cellulose (EC); two graft polymers with different lengths of PCL chains are combined to prepare MSMPs by three methods. All of them exhibit well triple‐shape‐memory effects and that of direct mixing of EC‐PCL even shows quadruple‐shape‐memory effects. Moreover, the effects of the thermomechanical conditions on the MSMEs are also investigated and the results demonstrate that the programming conditions have a great impact.
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Optically Active Conjugated Polymer from Solvent Chirality Transfer Polymerization in Monoterpenes
Authors: Kim Hyojin , Lee Daehoon , Lee Seul , Suzuki Nozomu , Fujiki Michiya , Lee Chang‐Lyoul , Kwak Giseop 
Published: August 2013

Disubstituted acetylene monomers [1,2‐diphenylacetylenes (DPAs: DPA‐pC1, DPA‐mC1, DPA‐pC8); 1‐phenyl‐2‐hexylacetylene (PHA‐pC1)] are tested for asymmetric polymerization in chiral monoterpenes used as solvents and compared with the corresponding monosubstituted acetylene monomer [1‐phenylacetylene (PA‐pC1)]. DPA‐pC1 containing a trimethylsilyl group in the para‐position of the phenyl ring produces an optically active polymer with a large Cotton effect, despite the absence of a stereogenic center. The polymer sample obtained by polymerization in 87% ee (–)‐α‐pinene shows the strongest CD signal (gCD value at 385 nm: ∼3.2 × 10−3). The Cotton bands of the polymers obtained in (–)‐ and (+)‐α‐pinenes show the opposite sign in the CD signals. Theoretical calculations show that only the cis‐cisoid model adopts a helical conformation. A time‐correlated single photon counting experiment shows that the emission of the chiral polymer originates from a virtually single excited species with a 98% component fraction. This polymer solution does not show any significant decrease in gCD value over a wide temperature range of 20 to 80 °C. No noticeable decrease in the gCD value is detected when the polymer solution is kept at relatively low temperatures for a prolonged period (35 d). In contrast, the other polymers show no CD signal.
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Framework for understanding balance dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Schoneburg Bernadette , Mancini Martina , Horak Fay , Nutt John G. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPeople with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from progressive impairment in their mobility. Locomotor and balance dysfunction that impairs mobility in PD is an important cause of physical and psychosocial disability. The recognition and evaluation of balance dysfunction by the clinician are an essential component of managing PD. In this review, we describe a framework for understanding balance dysfunction in PD to help clinicians recognize patients who are at risk for falling and impaired mobility. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society