bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal—Thermal Conversion Synthesis of Hierarchical Porous MgO Microrods as Efficient Adsorbents for Lead(II) and Chromium(VI) Removal.
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Zhu Wancheng , Zhang Heng , Bi Siwei , Zhang Qiang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMgO microrods with hierarchical porous structure (ranging from micropores to meso‐ and macropores) and well‐defined rod‐like morphology are prepared via a flux (NaCl) and surfactant (nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, NP‐9) directed thermal decomposition (porcelain boat, 650, 2 h) of hydrothermally grown MgC2O4·2H2O microrods (autoclave, 180 °C, 3 h).
The challenge of collaborative telerehabilitation: conception and evaluation of a telehealth system enhancement for home‐therapy follow‐up
Authors: Pani Danilo , Barabino Gianluca , Dessì Alessia , Uras Selene , Raffo Luigi 
Published: November 2014

SummaryTelerehabilitation aims to solve problems like equitable access to the rehabilitation and cost reduction by providing rehabilitation services at a distance. The largest part of telerehabilitation systems implement a real‐time one‐to‐one process involving patient and therapist. Even though they can be successfully exploited in conditions such as post‐traumatic recovery, in complex scenarios, this simple model should be replaced by a more structured collaborative one envisioning a multidisciplinary team.This paper presents the design and evaluation of a patient‐centric collaborative telerehabilitation framework aimed at supporting a multidisciplinary team in the follow‐up of domiciliary patients. The proposed framework follows the experience of a clinical trial that exploited a novel telerehabilitation device not conceived to support collaborative scenarios. Compared with the original system, the proposed extension allows the hierarchical division of the responsibility within the medical team, promoting a collaborative management of the rehabilitation. Proactive and decisional behaviors, as well as consulting practices on shared data within the medical team, are fostered by the system. Semi‐structured interviews have been administered to a panel of experts to evaluate the proposed approach. The collected feedback can be exploited to finely tune the system in view of a new clinical trial including new functionalities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of the System Temperature on Dust Cluster Formation in Plasma
Authors: Song Y. L. , Huang F. , Chen Z. Y. , Liu Y. H. , Yu M. Y. , Chen K. F. , Wang L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEffects of the system temperature on dust aggregation in plasmas are investigated using two‐dimensional molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that as the system temperature increases, the boundary of the clusters becomes gradually irregular (i.e., deviating from sphere‐like), and the cluster system gradually changes from solid to liquid and finally to gas state. The mean square displacement, mean nearest‐neighbor distance in the clusters, cluster size and coupling parameter of the system are obtained and the properties of the system structure and dynamics are investigated. The time τ needed for reaching equilibrium for different temperatures is obtained. It is shown that τ firstly decreases and then increases with the temperature, indicating that there is an optimum temperature allowing a dust aggregation to reach an equilibrium state most rapidly. The simulation results agree qualitatively with the experimental observations. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Self‐Organization in Dense Plasmas: The Gamma‐Plateau
Authors: Clérouin J. , Arnault Ph. , Robert G. , Ticknor C. , Kress J. D. , Collins L. A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWhen heated at constant volume (isochoric heating) a hot and dense plasma (10‐5000 eV, 1‐50 g/cm3) exhibits the same persistent microscopic structure over a wide range of temperatures as intuited long time ago by Laughlin [1]. In this steady‐state regime, which depends on the chosen density and on the atomic number, the static structure is essentially independent of the temperature and results in the subtle balance between ionization and temperature leading to a constant coupling between ions. This behavior, suggested by simulations, is confirmed by an analysis in the framework of the Thomas‐Fermi scaling laws and is driven by the ionization dynamics which regulates the coupling between ions and electrons. A simple fit is derived allowing for predicting the occurrence of this self‐organized regime: the Γ‐plateau. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High intraspecific variability in the functional niche of a predator is associated with ontogenetic shift and individual specialization
Authors: Zhao Tian , Villéger Sébastien , Lek Sovan , Cucherousset Julien 
Published: December 2014

AbstractInvestigations on the functional niche of organisms have primarily focused on differences among species and tended to neglect the potential effects of intraspecific variability despite the fact that its potential ecological and evolutionary importance is now widely recognized. In this study, we measured the distribution of functional traits in an entire population of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to quantify the magnitude of intraspecific variability in functional traits and niche (size, position, and overlap) between age classes. Stable isotope analyses (δ13C and δ15N) were also used to determine the association between individual trophic ecology and intraspecific functional trait variability. We observed that functional traits were highly variable within the population (mean coefficient variation: 15.62% ± 1.78% SE) and predominantly different between age classes. In addition, functional and trophic niche overlap between age classes was extremely low. Differences in functional niche between age classes were associated with strong changes in trophic niche occurring during ontogeny while, within age classes, differences among individuals were likely driven by trophic specialization. Each age class filled only a small portion of the total functional niche of the population and age classes occupied distinct portions in the functional space, indicating the existence of ontogenetic specialists with different functional roles within the population. The high amplitude of intraspecific variability in functional traits and differences in functional niche position among individuals reported here supports the recent claims for an individual‐based approach in functional ecology.
Extensive population admixture on drone congregation areas of the giant honeybee, Apis dorsata (Fabricius, 1793)
Authors: Beaurepaire Alexis L. , Kraus Bernard F. , Koeniger Gudrun , Koeniger Nikolaus , Lim Herbert , Moritz Robin F. A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe giant honeybee Apis dorsata often forms dense colony aggregations which can include up to 200 often closely related nests in the same location, setting the stage for inbred matings. Yet, like in all other Apis species, A. dorsata queens mate in mid‐air on lek like drone congregation areas (DCAs) where large numbers of males gather in flight. We here report how the drone composition of A. dorsata DCAs facilitates outbreeding, taking into the account both spatial (three DCAs) and temporal (subsequent sampling days) dynamics. We compared the drones’ genotypes at ten microsatellite DNA markers with those of the queen genotypes of six drone‐producing colonies located close to the DCAs (Tenom, Sabah, Malaysia). None of 430 sampled drones originated from any of these nearby colonies. Moreover, we estimated that 141 unidentified colonies were contributing to the three DCAs. Most of these colonies were participating multiple times in the different locations and/or during the consecutive days of sampling. The drones sampled in the DCAs could be attributed to six subpopulations. These were all admixed in all DCA samples, increasing the effective population size an order of magnitude and preventing matings between potentially related queens and drones.
Habitat heterogeneities versus spatial type frequency variances as driving forces of dispersal evolution
Authors: Novak Sebastian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the evolution of dispersal is essential for understanding and predicting the dynamics of natural populations. Two main factors are known to influence dispersal evolution: spatio‐temporal variation in the environment and relatedness between individuals. However, the relation between these factors is still poorly understood, and they are usually treated separately. In this article, I present a theoretical framework that contains and connects effects of both environmental variation and relatedness, and reproduces and extends their known features. Spatial habitat variation selects for balanced dispersal strategies, whereby the population is kept at an ideal free distribution. Within this class of dispersal strategies, I explain how increased dispersal is promoted by perturbations to the dispersal type frequencies. An explicit formula shows the magnitude of the selective advantage of increased dispersal in terms of the spatial variability in the frequencies of the different dispersal strategies present. These variances are capable of capturing various sources of stochasticity and hence establish a common scale for their effects on the evolution of dispersal. The results furthermore indicate an alternative approach to identifying effects of relatedness on dispersal evolution.
Acute heart failure in elderly patients: worse outcomes and differential utility of standard prognostic variables. Insights from the PROTECT trial
Authors: Metra Marco , Mentz Robert J. , Chiswell Karen , Bloomfield Daniel M. , Cleland John G.F. , Cotter Gad , Davison Beth A. , Dittrich Howard C. , Fiuzat Mona , Givertz Michael M. , Lazzarini Valentina , Mansoor George A. , Massie Barry M. , Ponikowski Piotr , Teerlink John R. , Voors Adriaan A. , O'Connor Christopher M. 
Published: November 2014

AimsPrevious heart failure (HF) trials suggested that age influences patient characteristics and outcome; however, under‐representation of elderly patients has limited characterization of this cohort. Whether standard prognostic variables have differential utility in various age groups is unclear.Methods and resultsThe PROTECT trial investigated 2033 patients (median age 72 years) with acute HF randomized to rolofylline or placebo. Patients were divided into five groups based on the quintiles of age: ≤59, 60–68, 69–74, 75–79, and ≥80 years. Baseline characteristics, medications, and outcomes (30‐day death or cardiovascular/renal hospitalization, and death at 30 and 180 days) were explored. The prognostic utility of baseline characteristics for outcomes was investigated in the different groups and in those aged <80 years vs. ≥80 years. With increasing age, patients were more likely to be women with hypertension, AF, and higher EF. Increased age was associated with increased risk of 30‐ and 180‐day outcomes, which persisted after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio for 180‐day death = 1.17; 95% confidence interval 1.11–1.24 for each 5‐year increase). The prognostic utility of baseline characteristics such as previous HF hospitalization and serum sodium, systolic blood pressure, and NYHA class was attenuated in the elderly for the endpoint of 180‐day mortality. An increase in albumin was associated with a greater reduction in risk in patients aged ≥80 years vs. <80 years.ConclusionsIn a large trial of acute HF, there were differences in baseline characteristics and outcomes amongst patients of different ages. Standard prognostic variables exhibit different utility in elderly patients.
Synthesis and Conformational Study of Bioconjugates Derived from 1‐Acetyl‐1′‐aminoferrocene and α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Semenčić Mojca Čakić , Kovač Veronika , Kodrin Ivan , Barišić Lidija , Rapić Vladimir 
Published: November 2014

Abstract1,1′‐Disubstituted ferrocene conjugates present useful and efficient bioorganometallic constraint design to reduce the conformational flexibility of small peptides. In this study we present the first systematic conformational analysis of nonsymmetric ferrocene peptidomimetics (Boc‐AA‐NH‐Fn‐COMe; Boc = tert‐butoxycarbonyl; AA = Gly, L‐Ala, L‐Val; Fn = 1,1′‐ferrocenylene) and their monosubstituted analogues (Boc‐AA‐NH‐Fc; Fc = ferrocenyl; AA = Gly, L‐Ala, L‐Val). The spectroscopic data (IR, NMR and CD) were corroborated by DFT calculations and indicated the engagement of the NH group closest to the ferrocene unit in intrachain hydrogen bonds. This medium‐strength bond is not disrupted by the introduction of a hydrogen‐bonding acceptor on the other ferrocene ring, but rather is accompanied by an additional interchain hydrogen bond, which causes the restricted rotation of ferrocene rings and gives rise to a chiral arrangement of the ferrocene core in a P helical manner.
Cyclizations of 1,2‐Bis(pinacolylboryl)acetylene at Zirconocene
Authors: Altenburger Kai , Arndt Perdita , Spannenberg Anke , Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn the reaction of Cp2Zr(py)(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3) (1Zr) (Cp = η5‐cyclopentadienyl) with the bis‐BPin‐substituted alkyne (2) (BPin = pinacolylboryl = 4′,4′,5′,5′‐tetramethyl‐[1′,3′,2′]dioxaborolan‐2′‐yl) via the zirconacyclopropene Cp2Zr(py)(η2‐PinBC2BPin) (3), or alternatively by the reduction of Cp2ZrCl2 with magnesium in the presence of two equivalents of 2, the zirconacyclopentadiene Cp2Zr[C4(BPin)4] (4) was obtained. It was of interest to see how substituents influence the special side reactions of metallacyclopentadienes and if those would limit their synthetic application. Complex 4 reacts with (Ph3P)2NiCl2 and 3‐hexyne to give the hexasubstituted benzene 1,2‐ethyl‐3,4,5,6‐pinacolylboryl‐benzene (6). During this procedure the heterometallic ferrol‐type complex CpZr[CpNiC4(BPin)4]Cl2 (7) is observed as a side product. In this complex, one Cp ligand moves from Zr to Ni, from which the Ph3P ligands are eliminated. The nickelacyclopentadiene is η4‐bonded to the vacant site of the former zirconocendichloride. The formation of 7 is connected with the inhibition for the formation of 6. Compounds 7 and 6 were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystal structure analysis.
Genomewide Comprehensive Analysis Reveals Critical Cooperation Between Smad and c-Fos in RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Omata Yasunori , Yasui Tetsuro , Hirose Jun , Izawa Naohiro , Imai Yuuki , Matsumoto Takumi , Masuda Hironari , Tokuyama Naoto , Nakamura Shinya , Tsutsumi Shuichi , Yasuda Hisataka , Okamoto Kazuo , Takayanagi Hiroshi , Hikita Atsuhiko , Imamura Takeshi , Matsuo Koichi , Saito Taku , Kadono Yuho , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

We have previously reported that transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) plays an essential role in receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. However, the detailed underlying molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. Formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by sequencing (FAIRE-seq and ChIP-seq) analyses indicated the cooperation of Smad2/3 with c-Fos during osteoclastogenesis. Biochemical analysis and immunocytochemical analysis revealed that physical interaction between Smad2/3 and c-Fos is required for their nuclear translocation. The gene expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (Nfatc1), a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis, was regulated by RANKL and TGF-β, and c-Fos binding to open chromatin sites was suppressed by inhibition of TGF-β signaling by SB431542. Conversely, Smad2/3 binding to Nfatc1 was impaired by c-Fos deficiency. These results suggest that TGF-β regulates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through reciprocal cooperation between Smad2/3 and c-Fos. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Pathophysiological Role of Vascular Smooth Muscle Alkaline Phosphatase in Medial Artery Calcification
Authors: Sheen Campbell R , Kuss Pia , Narisawa Sonoko , Yadav Manisha C , Nigro Jessica , Wang Wei , Chhea T Nicole , Sergienko Eduard A , Kapoor Kapil , Jackson Michael R , Hoylaerts Marc F , Pinkerton Anthony B , O'Neill W Charles , Millán José Luis 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Medial vascular calcification (MVC) is a pathological phenomenon that causes vascular stiffening and can lead to heart failure; it is common to a variety of conditions, including aging, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, obesity, and a variety of rare genetic diseases. These conditions share the common feature of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) upregulation in the vasculature. To evaluate the role of TNAP in MVC, we developed a mouse model that overexpresses human TNAP in vascular smooth muscle cells in an X-linked manner. Hemizygous overexpressor male mice (Tagln-Cre+/–; HprtALPL/Y or TNAP-OE) show extensive vascular calcification, high blood pressure, and cardiac hypertrophy, and have a median age of death of 44 days, whereas the cardiovascular phenotype is much less pronounced and life expectancy is longer in heterozygous (Tagln-Cre+/–; HprtALPL/−) female TNAP-OE mice. Gene expression analysis showed upregulation of osteoblast and chondrocyte markers and decreased expression of vascular smooth muscle markers in the aortas of TNAP-OE mice. Through medicinal chemistry efforts, we developed inhibitors of TNAP with drug-like pharmacokinetic characteristics. TNAP-OE mice were treated with the prototypical TNAP inhibitor SBI-425 or vehicle to evaluate the feasibility of TNAP inhibition in vivo. Treatment with this inhibitor significantly reduced aortic calcification and cardiac hypertrophy, and extended lifespan over vehicle-treated controls, in the absence of secondary effects on the skeleton. This study shows that TNAP in the vasculature contributes to the pathology of MVC and that it is a druggable target. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
An Examination of the Personality Constructs Underlying Dimensions of Creative Problem‐Solving Style
Authors: Isaksen Scott G. , Kaufmann Astrid H. , Bakken Bjørn T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis study investigated the personality facets that underpin the construct of problem‐solving style, particularly when approaching more creative kinds of problem‐solving. Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire and VIEW—An Assessment of Problem Solving Style were administered to 165 students from the Norwegian Business School. We explored relationships through correlational and regression analysis. Personality profiles were derived for each of VIEW's three dimensions and were in generally expected directions. Those with an Explorer preference were more imaginative and idea oriented, open to change, unconventional, freethinking, and flexible than Developers. Those with a Developer preference were more practical and solution oriented, more traditional, rule conscious, conservative, and respecting of traditional ideas. Those with an External preference were more group oriented, affiliative, socially bold, warm, and attentive to others than those with an Internal preference. Those with a more Task‐oriented preference were more impersonal, detached, utilitarian, and tough minded than those with Person‐oriented preference. We outlined implications and suggestions for further research.
Phenolic content, physical and sensory properties of breads made with different types of barley wort
Authors: Baiano Antonietta , Viggiani Ilaria , Terracone Carmela , Romaniello Roberto , Del Nobile Matteo Alessandro 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDBarley wort, an intermediate product of beer brewing, is rich in phenolic compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possibility of increasing the antioxidant content of bread by replacing water with three types of wort: two of them withdrawn at the end of the mashing operation during the production of a Pilsner and a Double Malt Pilsner beer respectively; the other collected at an intermediate stage of mashing of the Pilsner beer. The chemical, physical and sensory properties of the wort‐added breads were compared with those of a control bread.RESULTSAll three worts led to increased phenolic content, volume and specific volume of the breads and induced significant changes in 11 of 23 sensory descriptors. The highest phenolic contents were detected in breads made either with the Pilsner wort withdrawn at an intermediate stage of mashing or with the Double Malt Pilsner wort. The former also gave the highest increase in volume and specific volume but significantly reduced the scores for crunchiness, firmness and cohesiveness. The latter led to lower increases in volume and specific volume, but less significant changes in the sensory properties were associated with its use.CONCLUSIONWorts can be conveniently used to increase the antioxidant content of bread. However, different types of wort can modify to different extents the physical and sensory properties of the product.© 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Physicochemical and crystalline properties of heat–moisture‐treated rice starch: combined effects of moisture and duration of heating
Authors: Kong Xiangli , Qiu Dan , Ye Xiaoting , Bao Jinsong , Sui Zhongquan , Fan Jiewei , Xiang Wenzhou 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDCurrently there is much interest in the application of physical modification techniques such as heat–moisture treatment (HMT). The effects of HMT on normal and waxy rice starches, subject to different levels of moisture content and duration of heating, were investigated.RESULTSWater solubility index (determined at 90 °C) decreased after HMT for normal and waxy rice starches, while swelling power (determined at 90 °C) showed inconsistent results (decrease for normal type, increase for waxy type) after HMT. Values in pasting parameters of normal and waxy rice starch increased initially, but the extent of increase slowed down with moisture content and length of treatment increasing. HMT decreased gelatinization temperatures with 4 h and 8 h treatment, but when length of treatment was prolonged to 16 h gelatinization temperature increased. Degree of crystallinity decreased for all treatments, and decreased much more at higher levels of moisture content.CONCLUSIONVariations in levels of moisture content and duration of heating had significant effects on physicochemical and crystalline properties to different extents. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Maintaining functional properties of shell eggs by ultrasound treatment
Authors: Caner Cengiz , Yuceer Muhammed 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKROUNDUltrasonic treatment is an emerging technique that could be an alternative to existing thermal processing techniques in foods. Ultrasonic treatments may also be used to extend the shelf life of egg during storage period in ambient temperature. The effectiveness of ultrasound treatment with different power levels (200 W, 300 W, 450 W) and treatment times (2 min and 5 min) was evaluated for enhancing the functional properties of eggs during storage at 24 ° C for 6 weeks.RESULTSUltrasound treatment power and treatment time had significant effects on Haugh unit, yolk index, albumen pH, dry matter, relative whipping capacity, and albumen viscosity resulting in extended shelf life. Attributes such as yolk index, Haugh unit, pH, whipping capacity, dry matter for 300 W and 450 W treatments were better than control and 200 W treatments. Longer treatment time and power showed a significant influence on functional properties.CONCLUSIONPower levels of 300 W and 450 W of ultrasound treatments had improved internal quality of fresh eggs during storage, but negative effect on shell strength. The study showed that ultrasound treatment could be an alternative and effective technique for maintaining the internal qualities of fresh eggs during long‐term storage while Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy could be used as a new tool for the assessment of freshness. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry