bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclic steady states of treaded rolling bodies
Authors: Govindjee Sanjay , Potter Trevor , Wilkening Jon 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYThe analysis of spinning axisymmetric bodies undergoing finite deformation is useful for understanding the behavior of a wide variety of engineering systems – for example, rolling tires. However, progress beyond the axisymmetric case has been lacking. In this work, we present a methodology for the treatment of treaded rolling bodies by devising a Newton–Krylov shooting scheme for the computation of cyclic steady states of motion. The scheme advocated permits one to determine the entire transient (cyclically steady) motion of a spinning treaded body with consideration of viscoelasticity as well as contact. We demonstrate the viability of the method through three examples, (1) a viscoelastic cylinder with eight sinusoidal tread blocks, (2) a viscoelastic cylinder with 16 square tread blocks, and (3) a viscoelastic oval in which repeated contact and separation from a rigid plane excites distinct transient vibrational modes in the body during each cycle. For practical values of the viscoelastic relaxation time, the new approach is found to converge faster than the naïve approach of evolving an initial guess over many cycles until a cyclic steady state is reached. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring persistence to hormonal therapy in patients with breast cancer: accounting for temporary treatment discontinuation
Authors: Huiart Laetitia , Ferdynus Cyril , Dell'Aniello Sophie , Bakiri Naciba , Giorgi Roch , Suissa Samy 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeSeveral studies have been conducted to estimate persistence to hormonal therapy among women with breast cancer (BC). Most studies focus on first treatment discontinuation. Patients, however, can have numerous periods of treatment discontinuation or treatment exposure.Our objective is to estimate persistence to tamoxifen in patients with BC while accounting for temporary treatment discontinuations and this by using multi‐state (MS) models.MethodsA cohort of 10,806 women with BC having received at least one prescription of tamoxifen between 1998 and 2008 was constituted from the UK General Practice Research Database. We fitted a semi‐Markov model with three states to estimate the probability of being off treatment over a 5‐year period while accounting for temporary treatment discontinuations (transition between on treatment and off treatment) and competing risks (recurrence of BC or death).ResultsNon‐persistence, as estimated from the MS model, ranged from 12.1% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 9.2–15.1) at 1 year to 14.9% (95%CI: 11.7–18.1) at 5 years. Estimations of non‐persistence based on the Kaplan–Meier model were higher, i.e., 29.3% (95%CI: 28.1–30.6) at 5 years, as well as those obtained from a competing risk model, i.e., 24.0% (95%CI: 22.9–25.1). Most temporary discontinuations (94.7%) lasted less than 6 months.Temporary treatment discontinuations are frequent and should be accounted for when measuring adherence to treatment. MS models can provide a useful framework for this sort of analysis insofar as they help describe patients’ complex behavior. This may help tailor interventions that improve persistence to hormonal therapy among women with BC. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of pre‐operative use of serotonergic antidepressants (SADs) on the risk of bleeding in patients undergoing different surgical interventions: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Singh Inderjeet , Achuthan Shyambalaji , Chakrabarti Amitava , Rajagopalan Sujit , Srinivasan Anand , Hota Debasish 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPurposeSerotonergic antidepressants (SADs) are one of the most widely prescribed group of drugs. Of late, the use of SADs is being associated with an increased risk of perioperative bleeding. However, the results are inconsistent. The present analysis was planned to evaluate the association between preoperative SADs use and the risk of bleeding/mortality in patients undergoing surgery.MethodsStudies that had reported the effects of preoperative SADs use on the perioperative bleeding outcomes and/or mortality in adult patients undergoing surgical interventions were identified and evaluated for inclusion in the analysis. Outcomes evaluated were reoperation for bleeding event, requirement of blood/RBC transfusion and mortality. A meta‐analysis was conducted, and a pooled estimate of odds ratio (OR) was calculated using the inverse variance method.ResultsEight cohort studies, comprising a total of 79 976 SADs users and 485 336 non‐antidepressant users were included in the final analysis. SADs use was not associated with increased risk of requirement of reoperation for bleeding event [OR = 1.48 (0.84−2.62)]. However, there was an increased requirement of transfusion [OR = 1.19(1.09−1.30)], which was not observed in the subgroup of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) [OR = 1.06(0.90−1.24)]. SADs use was associated with a substantial increase in mortality [OR = 1.53 (1.15−2.04)] in patients undergoing CABG but not in the overall population [OR = 1.1 (0.99−1.22)].ConclusionsPreoperative SADs use is associated with increased bleeding risk with respect to requirement of transfusion; nevertheless, the results should not be generalized to all surgical groups. The divergence between bleeding risk and mortality in CABG surgery patients needs further evaluation.
Water‐soluble dual responsive polythiophene‐g‐poly(methoxyethoxy ethyl methacrylate)‐co‐poly(N,N‐diethylamino ethyl methacrylate) for different applications
Authors: Das Sandip , Chatterjee Dhruba P. , Nandi Arun K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPolythiophene (PT) based dual responsive water‐soluble graft copolymer (PT‐g‐[poly(methoxyethoxy ethyl methacrylate)‐co‐poly(N,N‐diethylamino ethyl methacrylate)]) (PT‐g‐P(MeO2MA‐co‐DEAEMA)) (PTDE) has been synthesized by random copolymerization of methoxyethoxy ethyl methacrylate (MeO2MA) and N,N‐diethylamino ethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) at 30 °C on the 2,5‐poly(3‐[1‐ethyl‐2‐(2‐ bromoisobutyrate)] thiophene) (PTI) macroinitiator using the Cu based atom transfer radical polymerization technique. The PTDE graft copolymer was characterized by gel permeation chromatography and 1H NMR techniques and it exhibits thermo‐reversible solubility in water showing a lower critical solution temperature of ca 42 °C in neutral aqueous solution. The PTDE graft copolymer contains a fluorescent PT backbone, and interestingly the system exhibits doubling of fluorescence intensity with rising temperature over the temperature range 41–45 °C at pH 7. The PTDE system therefore acts following the principle of the polymeric AND logic gate and it is also found to be effective in sensing of nitroaromatics, particularly picric acid. The influence of chain hydrophobicity on the logic operation and on the sensing of nitroaromatics is discussed. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Nanoparticle Triaminotrinitrobenzene Fabricated by Carbon Dioxide Assisted Nebulization with a Bubble Dryer
Authors: Hotchkiss Peter J. , Wixom Ryan R. , Tappan Alexander S. , Rosenberg David M. , Zelenok Matthew D. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCarbon dioxide assisted nebulization with a bubble dryer (CAN‐BD) was used to reformulate TATB, a notoriously insoluble material, into nanoparticles. The method is reproducible and produces particles consistently in the range of 100–400 nm with a mean of approx. 228 nm. Chemical analyses of the material do not indicate any decomposition or degradation of the TATB resulting from the process, and there does not appear to be any measurable amount of residual solvent or other impurities in the particles.
Gauge fields on non‐commutative spaces and renormalization
Authors: Blaschke D.N. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractConstructing renormalizable models on non‐commutative spaces constitutes a big challenge. Only few examples of renormalizable theories are known, such as the scalar Grosse‐Wulkenhaar model. Gauge fields are even more difficult, since new renormalization techniques are required which are compatible with the inherently non‐local setting on the one hand, and also allow to properly treat the gauge symmetry on the other hand. In this proceeding (which is based on my talk given at the “Workshop on Noncommutative Field Theory and Gravity” in Corfu/Greece, September 8–15, 2013), I focus on this last point and present new extensions to existing renormalization schemes (which are known to work for gauge field theories in commutative space) adapted to non‐commutative Moyal space.
Electrical characterization of organic (amorphous) electronic materials
Authors: Stallinga Peter 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOrganic electronic materials, or amorphous electronic materials in general, have relatively low conductivity and this limits their application to the low‐frequency electronics market. To describe electronic conduction in these materials it is common to use percolation [1] or (variable range) hopping theory [2] (the two being equivalent). This is an inheritance from the earlier research in organic materials that were invariably insulators, where conduction was a perturbation – movement of charge was a rare event.Summarizing in this paper our work on organic electronic materials, it is shown that for electronic materials, instead, it is better to revert to classical semiconductor theories, like band theory [3]. If we include a large density of traps in the energy system, all observed phenomena are easily explained. This includes 1. strong temperature dependent charge‐carrier mobility, 2. field‐dependent mobility, 3. anomalous transient behavior. Moreover, it is consistent with observations in many types of devices, ranging from two‐terminal devices such as diodes to three‐terminal devices such as thin‐film transistors [4].(© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Swift Xe ion irradiation effect on structure and vibrational properties of undoped and Cd‐doped ZnO films
Authors: Myroniuk Denys , Shtepliuk Ivan , Lashkarev George , Lazorenko Vasyl , Skuratov Vladimir , Timofeeva Izabella , Romaniuk Artem , Strelchuk Viktor , Kolomys Oleksandr 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe undoped and Cd‐doped (0.4, 0.5 at.%) ZnO films deposited by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering have been irradiated by 167 MeV Xe26+ ions with energy to a fluence 3×1012 ions/cm2. The structure and vibrational properties of as‐grown and irradiated samples were studied using X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy techniques. It was found that Cd‐doped ZnO films in comparison with undoped films demonstrate an improvement of crystal structure due to increased size of X‐ray coherent scattering regions, relaxation of strain between grains in the films and reduction of modes which relates to defects in ZnO crystal lattice. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
UV/ozone‐treated WS2 hole‐extraction layer in organic photovoltaic cells
Authors: Le Quyet Van , Nguyen Thang Phan , Kim Soo Young 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWS2 nanosheets obtained through a simple sonication exfoliation method are employed as a hole‐extraction layer to improve the efficiency of organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). A reduction in the wavenumber difference in the Raman spectra, the appearance of a UV absorption peak, and atomic force microscopy images indicate that WS2 nanosheets are formed through the sonication method. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) values of OPVs with and without untreated WS2 layers are both 1.84%. After performing a UV‐ozone (UVO) treatment on the WS2 surface for 15 min, the PCE increases to 2.4%. Synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy data show that the work function of WS2 increases from 4.9 eV to 5.1 eV upon UVO treat‐ ment, suggesting that the increase in the PCE value is caused by the band alignment. Upon inserting poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene‐sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) between the WS2 and the active layer, the PCE value of the OPV increases to 3.07%, which is superior to that of the device employing only PEDOT:PSS (2.87%). Therefore, it is considered that the use of UVO‐treated WS2 is able to improve the performance of OPV cells. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamic average consensus under limited control authority and privacy requirements
Authors: Kia S. S. , Cortés J. , Martínez S. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThis paper introduces a novel continuous‐time dynamic average consensus algorithm for networks whose interaction is described by a strongly connected and weight‐balanced directed graph. The proposed distributed algorithm allows agents to track the average of their dynamic inputs with some steady‐state error whose size can be controlled using a design parameter. This steady‐state error vanishes for special classes of input signals. We analyze the asymptotic correctness of the algorithm under time‐varying interaction topologies and characterize the requirements on the stepsize for discrete‐time implementations. We show that our algorithm naturally preserves the privacy of the local input of each agent. Building on this analysis, we synthesize an extension of the algorithm that allows individual agents to control their own rate of convergence towards agreement and handle saturation bounds on the driving command. Finally, we show that the proposed extension additionally preserves the privacy of the transient response of the agreement states and the final agreement value from internal and external adversaries. Numerical examples illustrate the results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast and accurate detection of changes in data streams
Authors: Badarna Murad , Wolff Ran 
Published: April 2014

AbstractChange detection is one of the most important tasks in time series analysis. When the series is very long, or when it is rapidly updated, it has to be treated as a stream. This means that the change detection algorithm must process each sample in O (1) time and memory. A good algorithm must be generic in terms of the type of changes it can detect. Beyond all, a good algorithm must present a favorable and controlled ratio of the number of samples needed to detect a change to the rate of false positives. We present a change‐point detection algorithm called ProTO which dynamically manages a set of candidate change‐points whose expected size is a controllable constant. In terms of sample processing, ProTO is comparable with the fastest known algorithm—the Page‐Hinkley Test (PHT). Yet, because PHT is limited to just one candidate, ProTO outperforms it in terms of the ratio of the delay to the false positive rate, as well as in terms of robustness. We provide variants of ProTO for detecting changes in the mean or the variance of the stream, and experiment with two realistic applications, as well as with synthetic data. On real problems, ProTO compares favorably with state‐of‐the‐art algorithms implemented in the R‐package, which require more than O (1) time per sample.
Fetal hemivertebra: associations and perinatal outcome
Authors: Basude S. , McDermott L. , Newell S. , Wreyford B. , Denbow M. , Hutchinson J. , Abdel‐Fattah S. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the accuracy of antenatal diagnosis of hemivertebra, to quantify the association with coexisting anomalies and to determine the perinatal outcome.MethodThis was a retrospective observational study of all cases of suspected fetal or neonatal hemivertebra identified via the UK Southwest Congenital Anomaly Register (SWCAR) between 2002 and 2012.ResultsFrom a total of 88 cases of hemivertebra identified during the study period, data were obtained for 67 of them: 45 (10 isolated and 35 with coexisting anomalies) cases were suspected antenatally and 22 (10 isolated and 12 with coexisting anomalies) were diagnosed postnatally. Of the cases detected postnatally, five (four with coexisting anomalies) were unsuspected and diagnosed at postmortem examination. The most commonly associated anomalies included additional skeletal abnormalities (n = 16), genitourinary abnormalities (n = 10), VATER/VACTERL association (n = 5), cardiac abnormalities (n = 4) and central nervous system abnormalities (n = 4). In cases with coexisting anomalies there was a 48% fetal/neonatal loss, compared to 19% in cases with isolated hemivertebra.ConclusionsAlthough antenatal diagnosis of hemivertebra was accurate, a third of the cases were diagnosed only postnatally. These data suggest a difficulty in antenatal diagnosis of the condition. The majority of cases of hemivertebra had coexisting anomalies, and in these cases the rate of perinatal loss was high. These data should be useful in providing additional information for counseling when a diagnosis of hemivertebra is made. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Climate change and poverty: vulnerability, impacts, and alleviation strategies
Authors: Leichenko Robin , Silva Julie A. 
Published: May 2014

Poverty is widely understood to be a key factor that increases the propensity for individuals and households to be harmed by climatic shocks and stresses. This review explores recent literature at the nexus of climate change impacts, vulnerability, and poverty. Within this literature, poverty is increasingly recognized as a dynamic and multidimensional condition that is shaped by the interplay of social, economic, political, and environmental processes, individual and community characteristics, and historical circumstances. While climate change is never seen as a sole cause of poverty, research has identified numerous direct and indirect channels through which climatic variability and change may exacerbate poverty, particularly in less developed countries and regions. Recent studies have also investigated the effects of climate change on economic growth and poverty levels, formation of poverty traps, and poverty alleviation efforts. These studies demonstrate that climate change‐poverty linkages are complex, multifaceted, and context‐specific. Priority issues for future work include greater attention to factors that promote resilience of poor populations, a stronger focus on nonmonetary dimensions of poverty, investigation of the impacts of climate change on relative poverty and inequality, and exploration of the poverty impacts of extreme climate change.This article is categorized under:

Climate Economics > Economics and Climate Change
Climate and Development > Social Justice and the Politics of Development
The role of SON in splicing, development, and disease
Authors: Lu Xinyi , Ng Huck‐Hui , Bubulya Paula A. 
Published: April 2014

SON is a nuclear protein involved in multiple cellular processes including transcription, pre‐messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing, and cell cycle regulation. Although SON was discovered 25 years ago, the importance of SON's function was only realized recently when its roles in nuclear organization and pre‐mRNA splicing as well as the influence of these activities in maintaining cellular health were unveiled. Furthermore, SON was implicated to have a key role in stem cells as well as during the onset of various diseases such as cancer, influenza, and hepatitis. Here we review the progress that has been made in studying this multifunctional protein and discuss questions that remain to be answered about SON. WIREs RNA 2014, 5:637–646. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1235This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
Cross talk between spliceosome and microprocessor defines the fate of pre‐mRNA
Authors: Mattioli Chiara , Pianigiani Giulia , Pagani Franco 
Published: April 2014

The spliceosome and the microprocessor complex (MPC) are two important processing machineries that act on precursor (pre)‐mRNA. Both cleave the pre‐mRNA to generate spliced mature transcripts and microRNAs (miRNAs), respectively. While spliceosomes identify in a complex manner correct splice sites, MPCs typically target RNA hairpins (pri‐miRNA hairpins). In addition, pre‐mRNA transcripts can contain pri‐miRNA‐like hairpins that are cleaved by the MPC without generating miRNAs. Recent evidence indicates that the position of hairpins on pre‐mRNA, their distance from splice sites, and the relative efficiency of cropping and splicing contribute to determine the fate of a pre‐mRNA. Depending on these factors, a pre‐mRNA can be preferentially used to generate a miRNA, a constitutively or even an alternative spliced transcript. For example, competition between splicing and cropping on splice‐site‐overlapping miRNAs (SO miRNAs) results in alternative spliced isoforms and influences miRNA biogenesis. In several cases, the outcome of a pre‐mRNA transcript and its final handling as miRNA or mRNA substrate can be frequently closely connected to the functional relationships between diverse pre‐mRNA processing events. These events are influenced by both gene context and physiopathological conditions. WIREs RNA 2014, 5:647–658. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1236This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > 3' End Processing
RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
Synthesis and Characterization of Copper(I) Halide Complexes with N‐(2, 6‐Diisopropylphenyl)‐N′‐benzoylthiourea: Monomeric, Dimeric, and Cage Structures
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐Ya , Zhu Cheng‐Ben , Li Hai‐Pu , Yang Ying , Roesky Herbert W. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract The N‐(2, 6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐N′‐benzoylthiourea ligand (shown as L) (1) was synthesized and characterized. Reactions of 1 with CuCl2 and CuBr2 afforded the monomeric L2CuCl (2) and dimeric [LBrCu(μ‐L)]2 (3), respectively, due to the reduction of CuII. The reaction of 1 and CuCl gave the same product L2CuCl (2), while the treatment of 1 with CuBr led to the formation of a rare example of adamantanoid cage (LCu)2(μ‐L)2Cu2(μ‐Br)4 (4) containing enantiomeric couple. The product of 1 and CuI was found to be dimeric [LICu(μ‐L)]2 (5), which is isomorphous to 3. All compounds obtained were fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Uncharged Selenium Rings as Terminal and Bridging Ligands in Selenium‐Rich Iridium Clusters
Authors: Stolze Karoline , Ruck Michael 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPurple air‐stable crystals of Ir8Se40Br10 were obtained by reacting Ir in an excess of Se and SeBr4 at 300 °C for two weeks. The monoclinic crystal structure [space group P21/c, a = 1371.9(1) pm, b = 1108.1(1) pm, c = 2058.2(1) pm, β = 106.897(2)° at 296(1) K] consists of uncharged clusters Ir8Se40Br10 = (Ir3+)8(Se22–)(Se42–)6(Se7)2(Br–)10. The iridium(III) cations are coordinated octahedrally by selenium and bromide ions. While the oligoselenide anions provide high intra‐cluster connectivity, μ6‐η2 in the case of Se22– and μ4‐η3 for Se42–, the terminal uncharged Se7 rings have boat conformation and are η1‐coordinating. About 10 % of the Se7 rings are substituted by Se6 rings with chair conformation. A similar reaction using SeCl4 yielded vermillion air‐stable crystals of Ir2Se9Cl6. X‐ray diffraction on a single‐crystal revealed a tetragonal lattice (space group I41/a) with a = 1229.8(1) pm and c = 2365.5(2) pm at 296(1) K. In the Se9(IrCl3)2 cluster, a crown‐shaped uncharged Se9 ring coordinates two iridium(III) cations as a bridging bis‐tridentate ligand. Three terminal chloride ions complete the distorted octahedral coordination of each transition metal atom.