bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Approach for the Effective Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Salvadora persica L. Root (Miswak) Extract
Authors: Khan Mujeeb , Al-Marri Abdulhadi H , Khan Merajuddin , Shaik Mohammed Rafi , Mohri Nils , Adil Syed Farooq , Kuniyil Mufsir , Alkhathlan Hamad Z , Al-Warthan Abdulrahman , Tremel Wolfgang , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Siddiqui Mohammed Rafiq H 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRecently, green reduction of graphene oxide (GRO) using various natural materials, including plant extracts, has drawn significant attention among the scientific community. These methods are sustainable, low cost, and are more environmentally friendly than other standard methods of reduction. Herein, we report a facile and eco-friendly method for the bioreduction of GRO usingSalvadora persicaL. (S. persicaL.) roots (miswak) extract as a bioreductant. The as-prepared highly reduced graphene oxide (SP-HRG) was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Various results have confirmed that the biomolecules present in the root extract of miswak not only act as a bioreductant but also functionalize the surface of SP-HRG by acting as a capping ligand to stabilize it in water and other solvents. The dispersion quality of SP-HRG in deionized water was investigated in detail by preparing different samples of SP-HRG with increasing concentration of root extract. Furthermore, the dispersibility of SP-HRG was also compared with chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRG). The developed eco-friendly method for the reduction of GRO could provide a better substitute for a large-scale production of dispersant-free graphene and graphene-based materials for various applications in both technological and biological fields such as electronics, nanomedicine, and bionic materials.
Let me Google that for you: a time series analysis of seasonality in internet search trends for terms related to foot and ankle pain
Authors: Telfer Scott , Woodburn James 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe analysis of internet search traffic may present the opportunity to gain insights into general trends and patterns in information seeking behaviour related to medical conditions at a population level. For prevalent and widespread problems such as foot and ankle pain, this information has the potential to improve our understanding of seasonality and trends within these conditions and their treatments, and may act as a useful proxy for their true incidence/prevalence characteristics. This study aimed to explore seasonal effects, general trends and relative popularity of internet search terms related to foot and ankle pain over the past decade.MethodsWe used the Google Trends tool to obtain relative search engine traffic for terms relating to foot and ankle pain and common treatments from Google search and affiliated pages for major northern and southern hemisphere English speaking nations. Analysis of overall trends and seasonality including summer/winter differences was carried out on these terms.ResultsSearches relating to general foot pain were on average 3.4 times more common than those relating to ankle pain, and twice as common as searches relating to heel pain. Distinct seasonal effects were seen in the northern hemisphere, with large increases in search volumes in the summer months compared to winter for foot (p = 0.004, 95 % CI [22.2–32.1]), ankle (p = 0.0078, 95 % CI [20.9–35.5]), and heel pain (p = 0.004, 95 % CI [29.1–45.6]). These seasonal effects were reflected by data from Australia, with the exception of ankle pain. Annual seasonal effects for treatment options were limited to terms related to foot surgery and ankle orthoses (p = 0.031, 95 % CI [3.5–20.9]; p = 0.004, 95 % CI [7.6–25.2] respectively), again increasing in the summer months.ConclusionsA number of general trends and annual seasonal effects were found in time series internet search data for terms relating to foot and ankle pain. This data may provide insights into these conditions at population levels.
Nasal Chondromesenchymal Hamartoma (NCMH): A systematic review of the literature with a new case report
Authors: Mason Katrina Anna , Navaratnam Annakan , Theodorakopoulou Evgenia , Chokkalingam Perumal Gounder 
Published: July 2015

Background Nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma (NCMH) is a very rare, benign tumour of the sinonasal tract usually presenting in infants. We present a systematic review of NCMH cases alongside a case report of an adult with asymptomatic NCMH. Methods A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A PubMed, EMBASE and manual search through references of relevant publications was used to identify all published case-reports of NCMH. Data was collected from each case-report on: patient demographics, laterality, size and location of NCMH, presentation, co-morbidities, investigations, treatment and follow-up. Results The systematic review identified 48 patients (including ours): 33 male, 15 female. Mean age was 9.6 years (range: 1 day–69 years) with the majority aged 1 year or younger at presentation ( n = 18). Presentations included: nasal congestion ( n = 17), nasal mass ( n = 15) and eye signs ( n = 12). NCMH also involved the paranasal sinuses ( n = 26), orbit ( n = 16) and skull-base ( n = 14). All patients underwent operative resection of NCMH. A small 2014 case-series found DICER1 mutations in 6 NCMH patients, establishing a link to the DICER1 tumour spectrum. Conclusions NCMH is a rare cause of nasal masses in young children and adults. In light of the newly established link between NCMH and DICER1 mutations surgeons should be vigilant for associated DICER1 tumours, as NCMH may be the ‘herald tumour’ of this disease spectrum.
Production of porous Calcium Phosphate (CaP) ceramics with aligned pores using ceramic/camphene-based co-extrusion
Authors: Choi Won-Young , Kim Hyoun-Ee , Moon Young-Wook , Shin Kwan-Ha , Koh Young-Hag 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background
Calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics are one of the most valuable biomaterials for uses as the bone scaffold owing to their outstanding biocompatability, bioactivity, and biodegradation nature. In particular, these materials with an open porous structure can stimulate bone ingrowth into their 3-dimensionally interconnected pores. However, the creation of pores in bulk materials would inevitably cause a severe reduction in mechanical properties. Thus, it is a challenge to explore new ways of improving the mechanical properties of porous CaP scaffolds without scarifying their high porosity.

Results

Porous CaP ceramic scaffolds with aligned pores were successfully produced using ceramic/camphene-based co-extrusion. This aligned porous structure allowed for the achievement of high compressive strength when tested parallel to the direction of aligned pores. In addition, the overall porosity and mechanical properties of the aligned porous CaP ceramic scaffolds could be tailored simply by adjusting the initial CaP content in the CaP/camphene slurry. The porous CaP scaffolds showed excellent
in vitro
biocompatibility, suggesting their potential as the bone scaffold.

Conclusions
Aligned porous CaP ceramic scaffolds with considerably enhanced mechanical properties and tailorable porosity would find very useful applications as the bone scaffold.
Distinct functional roles of amphibian (Xenopus laevis) colony-stimulating factor-1- and interleukin-34-derived macrophages
Authors: Grayfer Leon , Robert Jacques 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Although Mϕ represent the most primordial immune cell subsets, the mechanisms governing their functional heterogeneity remain poorly defined. However, it is well established that the CSF-1 cytokine contributes to monopoiesis and to this heterogeneity, whereas the unrelated IL-34 also binds the CSF-1R toward poorly understood immunologic roles. To delineate the molecular and evolutionary basis behind vertebrate Mϕ functional heterogeneity, we performed comprehensive transcriptional and functional studies of amphibian (Xenopus laevis) BM (in vitro) and PER (in vivo) Mϕ derived by rXlCSF-1 and rXlIL-34. Our findings indicate that these amphibian cytokines promote morphologically and functionally distinct Mϕ populations. Mϕ induced by rXlCSF-1 possess more robust iNOS gene expression, are substantially more phagocytic, display greater NO responses, and exhibit enhanced bactericidal capacities. By contrast, rXlIL-34-derived Mϕ express greater levels of Arg-1 and NADPH oxidase components and possess greater respiratory burst responses. Most notably, whereas CSF-1 Mϕ are highly susceptible to the emerging FV3 ranavirus, rXlIL-34 Mϕ exhibit potent antiviral activity against this pathogen, which is dependent on reactive oxygen production. This work marks an advance in our understanding of the possible mechanisms governing vertebrate Mϕ functional heterogeneity.
FORMATION OF MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY: MAIN TASKS AND INTERACTION BETWEEN FAMILY AND SCHOOL
Authors: Тищенко  , Tishchenko Svetlana 
Published: July 2015

In the modern Russian society issues of interaction between family and school are especially relevant in solving the problems of socialization of students in terms of market economy, democratization of public life and formation of civil society.
The article analyzes sociological, economic and pedagogical approaches to the development of interaction strategy between family and school in preparing children and youth for creative activity in the Russian society.
THE CONCEPT OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN THE RURAL AREAS IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERACTION BETWEEN INTEREST GROUPS, ACTORS OF REGIONAL AND LOCAL POLICIES
Authors: Нечаев  , Nechaev Dmitriy 
Published: July 2015

In implementation of the project state support funds are used allocated as a grant in accordance with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation on 17.01.2014 № 11-rp, and on the basis of the competition held by the Fund ISSI.
The article discusses the basis and principles of interaction of local communities in rural areas, in collaboration with interest groups, including actors of regional and local policies. The author notes that the development of the territories, including rural, is only possible in the inclusive format of interaction between different interest groups, providing the category of “efficiency” and «fairness» and leading to the perspective of “development” and “social and economic stability”.
ADMINISTRATIVE PARADIGM OF CENTRALIZATION-DECENTRALIZATION IN THE ACTIVITY OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS
Authors: Селиванова  , Selivanova Elena 
Published: July 2015

The article examines dominance of trends in centralization and decentralization of rural settlements of six areas of the Central Chernozemie region. In accordance with the dominance of the trends of centralization and decentralization in the work of the institution of lower public authority the author identifies three groups of regions of the Central Chernozemie region.
The author gives some results of the expert survey performed as part of the presidential grant. The expert survey was conducted by the method of Delphi in six areas of the Chernozemie region. The respondents were invited as experts and expert practitioners, whose professional, scientific and research activities are associated with the institution of lower public authorities in rural areas. A total of 60 respondents were interviewed.
THE ROLE OF MASS MEDIA INSTITUTE AS THE MAIN COMMUNICATOR BETWEEN CIVIL SOCIETY AND GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Бударина  , Budarina Kseniya 
Published: July 2015

The article analyzes the problems of interaction between media, pub-lic authorities and civil society to provide positive models of integration of the Russian youth in the political sphere of the society. The importance of the principles underlying the basis of the constructive dialogue between institutions of state and institutional structures of civil society is substanti-ated. The author’s viewpoint of the efficiency of modern media to serve public control is presented. The importance of ensuring priority in the field of information requests of civil society, including youth social cohort is re-ported. The obvious facts are given proving that media information field is intended to reflect compliance with the political views of young people to political reality.
The author makes suggestions on optimizing the impact of media in-formation on the process of integration of the youth in socio-political prac-tices of the Russian society.
ON SOME ISSUES CONNECTED WITH REMOVAL THE IMMUNITY OF A MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Authors: Литвинов  , Litvinov Aleksey 
Published: July 2015

The issue of bringing officials to justice is currently relevant because one of the priorities declared by the political leader-ship of the country is to improve the work of the state appara-tus and struggle against corruption.
The article shows the mechanism to remove the immunity of a Member of Parliament, legal aspects of this issue, the right of application of constitutional and other legislative provisions concerning the immunity of the deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation and foreign countries; the problems of application of these rules in practice are shown.
Using Visual Art Works As a Means for Improving Primary School Students’ Skills to Connected Speech
Authors: Виноградова  , Vinogradova Natalya 
Published: July 2015

Features related to works of visual art use as a tool for junior schoolchildren’ live figurative and coherent speech development are revealed in
this paper. Examples of lessons on which subjects related to painting of various genres (landscapes, portraits, still-lives, etc.) become a basis for
creation of children&#180;s stories (descriptions, narrations, reasoning) are given.
Intellectual Marathon for Primary School Graduates
Authors: Петленко  , Petlenko L. , Романова  , Romanova V. 
Published: July 2015

A content of an intellectual marathon on Russian for junior schoolchildren which is annually carried out by the publishing center &#34;Ventana-Graf&#34;
is revealed in this paper. Authors characterize results of this interesting game-competition which tasks a general education school teacher can use
in his work. Such competitions’ value not only for examination of pupils on Russian, but also for estimation of level of their cognitive interest to
this subject, ingenuity, ability to creative decisions is emphasized.
Problem Situations at Primary School Lesson
Authors: Вараница  , Varanitsa L. 
Published: July 2015

Possibilities related to junior schoolchildren’ educational activity intensification, development of their independent thinking, and ability to work
with information of various types are considered in this paper. The author gives examples from his own pedagogical experiment on development
and use of problem situations which change an educational process nature, intensify schoolchild’s cognitive activity and develop his abilities as
researcher.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Use by Additional Education Teacher in Junior Schoolchildren’ Design Activity Organization (Arts and Crafts Direction). P. 2
Authors: Несмеянова  , Nesmeyanova N. 
Published: July 2015

Questions related to information and communication technologies (ICT) use at the organization of design activity in additional education are
considered in this paper. Project’s main stages have been marked, ICT use forms at the design activity’s different stages have been revealed.
An evaluation of Therapy Outcome Measures (TOMs) in community rehabilitation
Authors: Caldwell Catherine , Twelvetree Timothy , Cox Diane 
Published: July 2015

Background/Aims: This study considers the feasibility of using Therapy Outcome Measure (TOMs) in a community rehabilitation therapy team working with patients over 65 years of age. Methods: An action research approach was used. Data collection and analysis included completion of the outcome measure scores over a 22-week period through semi-structured individual interviews with the therapy team participants, group reflections and the researcher's reflections. Results: Sixty-seven patients were considered in this study, with 26 patient scores included. Nineteen (73%) of those scored for admission and discharge demonstrated sensitivity, with a difference of one score or more. However, the study participants agreed that the TOMs scales and descriptors did not best describe their patient group. They acknowledged that the study had included a small sample size. Conclusions: TOMs was agreed to be an ‘OK fit’ for community rehabilitation patients rather than a ‘best fit’. It should be used as part of a variety of outcome measures to evidence the multidimensional aspects of this speciality, where patients have complex needs and therefore require more complex interventions. This study also highlights the need for further research with a larger sample size.
Effect of a training programme on the work of GP-based HCAs
Authors: Weir Julie 
Published: July 2015

Aims: The aims of this study were to explore how the health care assistant (HCA) is deployed in primary care, to investigate the impact of education on individual role/career development and to understand the perceived effect it has had, if any, on the general practice team in terms of service delivery. Method: The 18 respondents came from a whole population sample which was drawn from the 106 GP surgeries that had submitted their HCAs for Knowledge and Skills in Primary Care (KaSPaC) training in 2005–10, encompassing three NHS Primary Care Trusts in the South East of England. Results: Eight (KaSPaC trained) HCAs, four practice nurses and six practice managers completed the survey. The analysis revealed that the programme had provided individuals with a foundation for good practice; had been beneficial in terms of skill mix and service delivery; and had increased practice nurse confidence in task delegation. Conclusions: This study highlights the positive impact of structured accredited education on staff working in general practice but it also reveals that there is still a lack of standardization regarding the deployment and utilization of the HCA role within primary care.
Lolita fashion: A trans-global subculture
Authors: Kang Zi Young , Cassidy Tracy 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
While there are some who would argue that the origin of Lolita fashion can be traced back to fiction (namely, the 1955 novel Lolita, which was adapted to film in 1962 and again in 1997) and has relevance to sexual attractiveness with reference to the young, this popular style developed more recently into a subcultural identity in Japan as a distinctive style in its own right. This article regards Lolita as an independent street fashion and subculture and explores this particular culture that Lolitas (those who wear this distinct fashion style) have created. Although a small-scale subculture, Lolitas demonstrate an obvious way of thinking and behaving that reinforces their identity, in which fashion plays a significant role. The fashion style suggests escapism through fantasy as it can be interpreted as a visual resistance against conventional culture and is therefore of interest to a range of disciplines including fashion, culture and behaviour theorists. The article explores this subculture in the UK context to provide a better understanding of British Lolitas and evaluates the marketplace to offer a retail-marketing perspective.
Losing what you do not have: Innocence and Alice in Geczy’s S/M Wonderland
Authors: Wansbrough Aleksandr Andreas 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article attempts to explore the theme of subverted innocence in Adam Geczy’s recent installation work S/M Wonderland. Geczy’s work suggests that loss of innocence is fiction. As with Nietzsche, however, once one discards the notion of sin and guilt, one returns to a type of innocence, but an innocence radically different from the pure, virginal innocence before the fall. Geczy’s installation explores this theme with reference to fashion, queer theory and Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland. Geczy challenges us to think about innocence, leaving us in a difficult situation, forced to mediate between our reactions of excitement and revulsion. Geczy’s installation leaves us with a coldness that prevents us from being innocent spectators.
Book Reviews
Authors: Gordon Beverly , Burton Dr Laini , Matheson Linda , Kurennaya Anya 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Fashion Media: Past and Present, Djurda Bartlett, Shaun Cole and Agnès Rocamora (eds) (2013) London: Bloomsbury, 200 pp., ISBN: 9780857853066, h/bk, $100.00; ISBN: 9780857853073, p/bk, $34.95 (b/w illustrations and 40 colour plates)
Fashion and War in Popular Culture, Denise N. Rall (2014) Bristol: Intellect Books, 200 pp., ISBN: 9781841507514, p/bk, $22.50
Fashion on Television: Identity and Celebrity Culture, Helen Warner (2014) London, New Delhi, New York and Sydney: Bloomsbury, 183 pp., ISBN: 9780857854407, h/bk, $99.95; ISBN: 9780857854414, p/bk, $29.95; ISBN: 9781472567451 (ePDF); ISBN: 9781472567468 (ePub)
Charles James: Beyond Fashion, Harold Koda (2014) New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 264 pp., ISBN-10: 0300204361, ISBN-13: 978-0300204360, h/bk, $50
Love Is in the Air: Queer (Im)Possibility and Straightwashing in FrontierVille and World of Warcraft
Authors: Chang Edmond Y. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Games like World of Warcraft have been called “inherently queer,” providing gamic spaces where gender and sexuality seem fluid and customizable. Although the provocation is exciting and revisits many of the arguments made about the liberatory potential of cyberspace, this article hopes to antidote the assumption that the virtual is “inherently” queer and to unpack what I call the “interactive fallacy,” the further assumption that video games offer players unlimited power and control. Through a close reading and close playing of two massively multiplayer games—Zynga’s casual game FrontierVille and Blizzard’s World of Warcraft—I hope to identify and interrogate the ways that gender and sexuality (even race) in games are both normative and subversive. In other words, in games about fantasy and fun, how and where and why might real world queerness, gender, and race be rendered, negotiated, and disrupted? Is that even possible? Games like FrontierVille and World of Warcraft offer beginnings for gendered and queered play, allowing players to imagine and enact a range of desires, but ultimately both games narrow these choices and possibilities, rendering them algorithmically inconsequential, and restore them to heteronormative ends. Looking at character creation, game play, and game narratives, this article argues for the productive opportunity in the play of, with, and play in sexuality and gender and race to discover what Lisa Nakamura calls “disruptive moments of recognition and misrecognition” that can offer subversive and queergaming potential and practices. Perhaps more important, this article also uncovers the ways that logics of digital games limit and norm players, narratives, and play itself.