bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a systems biology approach to understand and study the mechanisms of metastasis
Authors: Ha Ngoc‐Han , Hunter Kent W. 
Published: July 2013

Metastasis remains the main cause for cancer‐related deaths due to the lack of effective therapy. The clonal selection model has long been thought to be the primary mechanism of metastatic progression but many different mechanisms have been hypothesized for the progression from tumorigenesis to the successful dissemination and expansion of tumor cells at the secondary site. MicroRNAs, germline polymorphisms in combination with the tumor microenvironment are few of the different pathways to explain the metastatic cascade. Technological advances for high‐throughput screening of cells such as expression profiling, next generation sequencing, as well as global network analyses have advanced the studies of these mechanisms. Combined with new insights into the various mechanisms of metastasis a systems biology approach has also been shown to be useful in identifying metastasis‐specific gene signatures as well as predicting disease outcome. Furthermore, the results of these studies have been relevant for identifying biomarkers for metastatic disease. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2014, 6:107–114. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1237This article is categorized under:

Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease
The antecedents and consequences of product variety in new ventures: An empirical study
Authors: Patel Pankaj C. , Jayaram Jayanth 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDespite the known benefits of greater product variety for large firms, less is known about how new ventures pursue product variety. Liabilities of newness and smallness could possibly impede the ability of new ventures to develop the product design capabilities needed to increase product variety. Drawing on the design principles of product modularity, we posit that new ventures with modular product designs tend to have higher product variety. The benefits of product variety, however, are not monotonic, and at higher levels of product variety, increasing internal operational costs lead to an inverted‐U type relationship between product variety and operational performance. We posit that process modularity, a systems‐level capability, and manufacturing flexibility, an operations capability, enhance the benefits from product variety and mitigate the costs that arise from increasing product variety further. Based on a sample of 141 new ventures and using latent moderated structural model (LMS), we find support for the proposed model. The findings are robust against alternate model specifications. Academic and managerial implications from the findings are discussed.
MARKET VALUE MARGIN VIA MEAN–VARIANCE HEDGING
Authors: Tsanakas Andreas , Wüthrich Mario V. , Černý Aleš 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe use mean–variance hedging in discrete time in order to value an insurance liability. The prediction of the insurance liability is decomposed into claims development results, that is, yearly deteriorations in its conditional expected values until the liability is finally settled. We assume the existence of a tradeable derivative with binary pay-off written on the claims development result and available in each development period. General valuation formulas are stated and, under additional assumptions, these valuation formulas simplify to resemble familiar regulatory cost-of-capital-based formulas. However, adoption of the mean–variance framework improves upon the regulatory approach by allowing for potential calibration to observed market prices, inclusion of other tradeable assets, and consistent extension to multiple periods. Furthermore, it is shown that the hedging strategy can also lead to increased capital efficiency.
Gender Constitutional Reform and Feminist Mobilization in Greece and the EU: From Formal to Substantive Equality?
Authors: Anagnostou Dia 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Over the past fifteen years, substantive equality and the idea of positive measures to tackle the structural roots of gender inequality have increasingly gained currency in Europe. Focusing on the case of Greece, this article explores the factors that promote constitutional and statutory reforms to promote substantive equality, and examines the effect of such reforms on gender equality rights and policy. It argues that domestic legal and social mobilization by feminists, who participated in transnational networks, were instrumental in the diffusion of the relevant EU and international norms, leading to a shift in the courts’ jurisprudence and to a constitutional amendment recognizing substantive equality. At the same time, the paper also underscores the ambivalent and limited effects of constitutionalizing substantive equality and positive measures in the absence of ongoing actions aimed at raising awareness and pushing for effective implementation.
Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of CHD: results from prospective cohort studies of Chinese adults in Shanghai
Authors: Yu Danxia , Zhang Xianglan , Gao Yu-Tang , Li Honglan , Yang Gong , Huang Jie , Zheng Wei , Xiang Yong-Bing , Shu Xiao-Ou 
Published: July 2013

The protective effects of fruits and vegetables against CHD have been suggested by many epidemiological studies among Western populations. However, prospective data are lacking for Asian populations. In the present study, we examined the associations of fruit and vegetable intake with CHD incidence among 67 211 women (aged 40–70 years) and 55 474 men (aged 40–74 years) living in Shanghai, China. Food intake was assessed using validated FFQ through in-person interviews. Coronary events (non-fatal myocardial infarction or fatal CHD) were identified by biennial home visits and further confirmed by medical record review. During a mean follow-up period of 9·8 and 5·4 years, 148 events in women and 217 events in men were documented and verified. After adjustment for potential confounders, women in the highest quartile of total fruit and vegetable intake (median 814 g/d) had a hazard ratio (HR) of 0·62 (95 % CI 0·38, 1·02) for CHD (Pfor trend = 0·04) compared with those in the lowest quartile (median 274 g/d). This association was primarily driven by fruits (HR for the highestv.the lowest intake in women: 0·62, 95 % CI 0·37, 1·03). The strength of the association was attenuated after further controlling for history of diabetes or hypertension. For men, no significant association was found for fruit and vegetable intake when analysed either in combination or individually. The present findings suggest that a high consumption of fruits may reduce CHD risk in Chinese women.
Desiccation resistance of wild and mass-rearedBactrocera tryoni(Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Weldon C.W. , Yap S. , Taylor P.W. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn pest management programmes that incorporate the sterile insect technique (SIT), the ability of mass-reared insects to tolerate dry conditions may influence their survival after release in the field. In the present study, desiccation resistance of adult mass-reared Queensland fruit flies,Bactrocera tryoni(Frogatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), that are routinely released in SIT programmes was compared with that of wild flies at 1, 10 and 20 days after adult eclosion. Under dry conditions without access to food or water, longevity of mass-rearedB. tryoniwas significantly less than that of their wild counterparts. Desiccation resistance of mass-reared flies declined monotonically with age, but this was not the case for wild flies. The sharp decline in desiccation resistance of mass-reared flies as they aged was likely explained by decreased dehydration tolerance. As in an earlier study, desiccation resistance of females was significantly lower than that of males but this was particularly pronounced in mass-reared females. Female susceptibility to dry conditions corresponded with declining dehydration tolerance with age and associated patterns of reproductive development, which suggests that water content of their oocyte load is not available for survival during periods of water stress.
VARIATIONS IN UNMET NEED FOR CONTRACEPTION IN ZAMBIA: DOES ETHNICITY PLAY A ROLE?
Authors: IMASIKU EUNICE N. S. , ODIMEGWU CLIFFORD O. , ADEDINI SUNDAY A. , ONONOKPONO DOROTHY N. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryEthnicity has been found to be a significant indicator of social position, and many studies have also established that ethnicity is a significant determinant of contraceptive use. This study aims to examine whether ethnicity is an important predictor of unmet need for contraception. Analysis was based on data for 4343 ever-married women drawn from the 2007 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey. Descriptive analysis indicates that in all ethnic groups except the Barotse and Tonga, women aged 15–49 years were married at an average age below 18. The highest mean number of children among the ethnic groups was 6.7, among the Bemba; the lowest was 5.9, among the Barotse. The highest proportion of women with an unmet need for contraception resided in the Eastern region. Multivariate logistic analyses reveal that children ever-born and region of residence were the most important predictors of unmet need for spacing, whereas for unmet need for limiting predictors were age at first marriage and partner's desire for children. Moreover, unmet need for spacing and limiting among women with secondary or higher education was significantly lower (47% and 50%, respectively) compared with those with no education. Ethnicity was not a significant predictor of unmet need for contraception. The findings stress the need for programmes aimed at enhancing the socioeconomic status of women.
A survey of the Endangered Barbary macaqueMacaca sylvanusin the Central High Atlas Mountains of Morocco
Authors: El Alami Abderrazak , van Lavieren Els , Aboufatima Rachida , Chait Abderrahman 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Barbary macaqueMacaca sylvanusis the only macaque in Africa. The species is categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is listed in CITES Appendix II. This macaque has a relict distribution in Morocco and Algeria. Recent studies have indicated a dramatic decline of Barbary macaque populations in the Middle Atlas and Rif Mountains in Morocco but there is limited available information on its distribution in the Central High Atlas. We therefore conducted interviews with local officials and inhabitants, and carried out field surveys in 12 sites from February 2004 to December 2008. We found Barbary macaques in relatively small and fragmented habitats in 10 of the 12 sites. A total of 35 groups were sighted and 644 individuals counted. Mean group size was 21 (range 6–42). In all surveyed sites habitat destruction and pressure from livestock were apparent. The interviews indicated that the macaques are often found in the proximity of agricultural land, and that there is evidence of illegal capture in the Bas Oued El Abid and Haut Oued El Abid areas. To protect this species we recommend establishment of protected areas specifically for the Barbary macaque, increased surveillance by forest guards, enforcement of the law against capture of the species, and education of the local people.
Exceptionally long movements of the Asiatic cheetahAcinonyx jubatus venaticusacross multiple arid reserves in central Iran
Authors: Farhadinia Mohammad S. , Akbari Hasan , Mousavi Seyed-Jalal , Eslami Morteza , Azizi Morteza , Shokouhi Javad , Gholikhani Navid , Hosseini-Zavarei Fatemeh 
Published: July 2013

AbstractUnderstanding spatial ecology is essential for the development of effective and appropriate conservation strategies, especially for the Asiatic cheetahAcinonyx jubatus venaticus, which occurs at a low density across vast arid areas of Iran. Yet, despite its Critically Endangered status, information on the ranging and movement of this species was formerly lacking. Here we present data for exceptionally long movements of a few individuals across multiple reserves in central Iran, obtained using camera traps during 2009–2013. We identified an adult female who moved c. 150 km multiple times between two reserves in 3 years, covering an estimated 3,629 km2. After becoming independent her three sons formed a coalition and ranged across multiple reserves, covering an estimated 4,862 km2in their first 3 years. An adult male was also found patrolling three reserves, moving up to 40 km across an estimated 807 km2. These data demonstrate that cheetahs in Iran cover vast ranges, and indicate a requirement for large, connected areas for the long-term conservation of this metapopulation.
Trichomonad parasite infection in four species of Columbidae in the UK
Authors: LENNON ROSIE J. , DUNN JENNY C. , STOCKDALE JENNIFER E. , GOODMAN SIMON J. , MORRIS ANTONY J. , HAMER KEITH C. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYTrichomonas gallinaeis an emerging pathogen in wild birds, linked to recent declines in finch (Fringillidae) populations across Europe. Globally, the main hosts for this parasite are species of Columbidae (doves and pigeons); here we carry out the first investigation into the presence and incidence ofTrichomonasin four species of Columbidae in the UK, through live sampling of wild-caught birds and subsequent PCR. We report the first known UK cases ofTrichomonasinfection in 86% of European Turtle DovesStreptopelia turtursampled, along with 86% of Eurasian Collared DovesStreptopelia decaocto, 47% of WoodpigeonsColumba palumbusand 40% of Stock DovesColumba oenas. Birds were more likely to be infected if the farm provided supplementary food for gamebirds. We found three strains ofT. gallinaeand one strain clustering within theTrichomonas tenaxclade, not previously associated with avian hosts in the UK. OneT. gallinaestrain was identical at the ITS/5.8S/ITS2 ribosomal region to that responsible for the finch trichomonosis epizootic. We highlight the importance of increasing our knowledge of the diversity and ecological implications ofTrichomonasparasites in order further to understand the sub-clinical impacts of parasite infection.
Two different tools for three-dimensional mapping: DE-based scan matching and feature-based loop detection
Authors: Martín Fernando , Triebel Rudolph , Moreno Luis , Siegwart Roland 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYAn autonomous robot must obtain information about its surroundings to accomplish multiple tasks that are greatly improved when this information is efficiently incorporated into a map. Some examples are navigation, manipulation, localization, etc. This mapping problem has been an important research area in mobile robotics during last decades. It does not have a unique solution and can be divided into multiple sub-problems. Two different aspects of the mobile robot mapping problem are addressed in this work. First, we have developed a Differential Evolution-based scan matching algorithm that operates with high accuracy in three-dimensional environments. The map obtained by an autonomous robot must be consistent after registration. It is basic to detect when the robot is navigating around a previously visited place in order to minimize the accumulated error. This phase, which is called loop detection, is the second aspect studied here. We have developed an algorithm that extracts the most important features from two different three-dimensional laser scans in order to obtain a loop indicator that is used to detect when the robot is visiting a known place. This approach allows the introduction of very different characteristics in the descriptor. First, the surface features include the geometric forms of the scan (lines, planes, and spheres). Second, the numerical features are values that describe several numerical properties of the measurements: volume, average range, curvature, etc. Both algorithms have been tested with real data to demonstrate that these are efficient tools to be used in mapping tasks.
Seed dispersal by the lek-forming white-bearded manakin (Manacus manacus, Pipridae) in the Brazilian Atlantic forest
Authors: Cestari César , Pizo Marco Aurélio 
Published: July 2013

Abstract:The movement patterns of males, females and juveniles of lekking species often differ due to differences in the commitment to lek activities, which may lead to differences in the spatial distribution and dispersal distances of seeds they eat. By sampling seeds in three lek and non-lek areas of the white-bearded manakin (Manacus manacus), we tested whether this lekking species increased the abundance and species richness of seeds in lek areas and, at a finer scale, in 21 displaying courts within lek areas. Combining data on seed defecation or regurgitation rates by free-ranging individuals, the number of seeds in droppings or regurgitations of mist-netted birds, and the distances travelled by birds equipped with radio-transmitters, we estimated the potential spatial distribution of seeds generated by six resident males and six females or juveniles during the morning peak of lek activity and when lek activity decreased in the afternoon. There was no difference in the species richness (46 and 44 morphospecies, respectively) and abundance of seeds (15.4 ± 7.3 seeds and 14.0 ± 1.1 seeds, respectively) between lek and non-lek areas. Within leks both parameters increased in courts (45 spp., 17.6 ± 14 seeds) compared with non-court sites (22 spp., 1.9 ± 1.8 seeds), likely as a consequence of the longer time spent by resident males in perches in or near display courts. Distances moved by juveniles and females per 60-min period (183 ± 272 m) were greater than resident males (42.6 ± 22.0 m) in the mornings, while the opposite happened in the afternoons (55.2 ± 40.7 m and 157 ± 105 m, respectively). We conclude that the spatial aggregation of seeds in lek areas of M. manacus occurs at the court level, and the spatial distribution of deposited seeds varies with manakin lekking status and the daily period of foraging.
Viral load dynamics in adult patients with A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza
Authors: NOH J. Y. , SONG J. Y. , HWANG S. Y. , CHOI W. S. , HEO J. Y. , CHEONG H. J. , KIM W. J. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThe dynamics of influenza A viral load in respiratory samples collected from adult A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza patients were investigated. Three respiratory specimens were obtained every 2–4 days and clinical findings were recorded at the time each specimen was collected. A total of 105 serial specimens were collected from 35 patients. Viral clearance was more rapid in patients aged 15–29 years than patients aged 30–49 years (P < 0·01) or ⩾50 years (P < 0·01). Hospitalized patients showed slow viral clearance compared to outpatients (P < 0·01). Resolution of cough and headache was correlated with viral load reduction in respiratory specimens. Viral shedding was found in 17 patients (48·6%) 5 days after symptom onset. Time to hospital visit after symptom onset was significantly correlated with prolonged viral shedding (odds ratio 9·0, 95% confidence interval 1·56–51·87, P = 0·01). These findings will contribute to infection control aspects with respect to managing patients with influenza virus infections.
Chronic kidney disease in older people
Authors: Abdelhafiz AH , Bailey C , Russell J , El Nahas M 
Published: July 2013

SummaryChronic kidney disease prevalence will continue to rise due to increased life expectancy and population ageing. It is likely that the decline in glomerular filtration rate with increasing age represents a renal manifestation of widespread vascular disease. In addition to its associated cardiovascular risk, chronic kidney disease in older people is associated with increased prevalence of geriatric syndromes such as functional and cognitive decline, which lead to disability and frailty. Competing risks for mortality, because of the co-existence of multiple co-morbidities in old age, means that the majority of older people with chronic kidney disease will not progress to end-stage renal disease. Management of chronic kidney disease in older people is complex and an individualized and holistic, rather than disease-orientated, approach is necessary, which takes into account patients’ priorities and wishes, especially frail and very elderly populations with multiple co-morbidities.
Stress-Related Psychological Symptoms Are Associated with Increased Attentional Capture by Visually Salient Distractors
Authors: Esterman Michael , DeGutis Joseph , Mercado Rogelio , Rosenblatt Andrew , Vasterling Jennifer J. , Milberg William , McGlinchey Regina 
Published: July 2013

AbstractResearch has shown that attention can be abnormally drawn to salient threat- or trauma-related information in individuals with posttraumatic stress and related psychological symptoms. The nature of this attentional bias is thought to derive from capture of attention toward potential threat overpowering the volitional, goal-directed attentional system. However, it is unclear whether this pattern of attentional dysregulation generalizes to salient, but non-emotional types of information. Using a well-established and sensitive measure of attentional capture, the current study demonstrates that posttraumatic psychological symptom severity is associated with the capture of attention by visually salient, non-emotional distractors. Specifically, during visual search for a unique shape, the presence of a task-irrelevant but salient color singleton disrupted search efficiency, and this disruption was correlated with both posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptom severity as assessed by self-report. These findings suggest that posttraumatic stress and depression may be characterized as involving a general alteration of the balance between salience-based and goal-directed attentional systems. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–6)
Food choice, plate waste and nutrient intake of elementary- and middle-school students participating in the US National School Lunch Program
Authors: Smith Stephanie L , Cunningham-Sabo Leslie 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo (i) evaluate food choices and consumption patterns of elementary- and middle-school students who participate in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and (ii) compare students’ average nutrient intake from lunch with NSLP standards.DesignPlate waste from elementary- and middle-school students’ lunch trays was measured in autumn 2010 using a previously validated digital photography method. Percentage waste was estimated to the nearest 10 % for the entrée, canned fruit, fresh fruit, vegetable, grain and milk. Univariate ANOVA determined differences in percentage waste between schools, grades and genders. Daily nutrient intake was calculated using the district's menu analysis and percentage waste.SettingElementary and middle schools in northern Colorado (USA).SubjectsStudents, grades 1–8.ResultsPlate waste was estimated from 899 lunch trays; 535 elementary- and 364 middle-school students. Only 45 % of elementary- and 34 % middle-school students selected a vegetable. Elementary-school students wasted more than a third of grain, fruit and vegetable menu items. Middle-school students left nearly 50 % of fresh fruit, 37 % of canned fruit and nearly a third of vegetables unconsumed. Less than half of the students met the national meal standards for vitamins A and C, or Fe.ConclusionsFew students’ lunch consumption met previous or new, strengthened NSLP lunch standards. Due to the relatively low intake of vegetables, intakes of vitamins A and C were of particular concern. Effective behavioural interventions, combined with marketing, communications and behavioural economics, will likely be necessary to encourage increased vegetable intake to meet the new meal standards.