bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Endonasal Endoscopic Dacryorhinostomy with or without Intraoperative Mitomycin C
Authors: Jain Nitin Kumar , Vashistha Siddharth , Kaushik Sandeep 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective
Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) has known advantages over external DCR as a less invasive method without the need of any skin incision. Mitomycin C (MMC), a wound healing inhibitor, was used intraoperatively with the objective of reducing incidence of adhesion and synechiae formation as a postoperative complication leading to failure of the procedure.

Materials and methods
Endoscopic DCR was performed in 60 patients. MMC (0.5 mg/dl for 5 minutes) was applied to the ostium in 30 patients in comparison with control group.

Results
The postoperative follow-up was done at 1, 3 weeks and 3 months. The success rate of endoscopic DCR with intraoperative MMC was 90%whereas it was found to be 83.33% in control group. The statistical analysis did not show a difference between the two groups according to success rates.

Conclusion
Adjunctive use of a wound healing inhibitor may be considered to increase the success rate of endoscopic DCR. Its intraoperative use seems to be easy and safe. This study of limited series needs further extensive evaluation to establish the adjunctive use of MMC in endoscopic DCR in future.

How to cite this article
Jain NK, Vashistha S, Kaushik S. Comparative Study of Endonasal Endoscopic Dacryorhinostomy with or without Intraoperative Mitomycin C. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2013;6(2):77-79.
Endoscopic Septoplasty: Prospective Study in 50 Cases of DNS
Authors: Singh Baldev , Singla Kanu , Bhagat Sanjeev , Verma BS 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
Recently endoscopic septoplasty has emerged as an effective alternative to traditional ‘headlight’ approaches to septoplasty. Endoscopic septoplasty as a minimal invasive technique can limit the dissection and minimize trauma to nasal septal flap under excellent visualization. The present prospective study was conducted at the Department of ENT at Government Medical College, Rajindra Hospital, Patiala. Fifty cases of either sex in age group of 18 to 50 years suffering from deviated nasal septum were included in the study from May 2010 to November 2012. Among the prevalence of type of nasal septal deviation (Mladina classification), the most common type of nasal septal deviation was type 5 (46%) followed by type 6 (16%), type 2 (10%), type 4 (10%), type 3 (8%), type 7 (8%) and type 1 (2%). Among chief complaints most common was nasal obstruction in 38 (76%) followed by nasal discharge in 10 (20%), headache in 10 (20%), bleeding in 6 (12%) and postnasal discharge in 4 (8%) patients. There was improvement in nasal obstruction in 78%, nasal discharge in 60% and postnasal drip in 75% patients. On objective assessment at last follow-up (3 months), persistent inferior turbinate hypertrophy in 14%, and persistent deviation was seen in 4% of cases. Synechiae formation was seen in 4% of cases.

How to cite this article
Singla K, Singh B, Bhagat S, Verma BS. Endoscopic Septoplasty: Prospective Study in 50 Cases of DNS. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2013;6(2):92-95.
Rare Case of Long Standing Foreign Body in Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Shah Pankaj , Katarkar Ashish , Bhavesh Modi , Modh Datt 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
Foreign body in maxillary sinus is not uncommon. Case reports published worldwide have been reviewed. We present a case which was suggestive of carcinoma of maxillary sinus, but it was foreign body ‘stone’ in right maxillary sinus which was almost 30 years old.

How to cite this article
Katarkar A, Bhavesh M, Modh D, Shah P. Rare Case of Long Standing Foreign Body in Maxillary Sinus. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2013;6(2):110-112.
Changing Dynamics of Foreign Direct Investment in China’s Automotive Industry
Authors: Wang Lingling , Fan Bo , Aybar C. Bulent , Ficici Aysun 
Published: September 2013

China’s automotive industry has developed dramatically in recent years as more and more major multinational corporations (MNCs) in this industry began to invest in China. Most of these investments have developed in the form of joint-ventures with Chinese state owned enterprises (SOEs). This paper contributes to the current literature by studying the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the productivity of the automotive industry in China using panel data during the 1999 –2008 period. Channels through which FDI may directly and indirectly affect the productivity are investigated using pooled ordinary least squares model (POLS) and fixed effects model (FES) to estimate the influence of FDI on productivity in the automotive industry. The results suggest that FDI plays a negative role in this industry and suggests that there is a need for Chinese government to modify its policies and practices in order to improve the productivity of such a key industry in the Chinese economy.
Magic and Vampirism in Philostratus's Life of Apollonius of Tyana and Bram Stoker's Dracula
Authors: Stannish Steven M. , Doran Christine M. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
This essay considers the intersection of magic and vampirism in Philostratus's Life of Apollonius of Tyana and Bram Stoker's Dracula. It demonstrates that these texts, though separated by more than sixteen hundred years, present a similar picture of the beguiling monster—one that is not simply the product of literary influence. Both bind vampiric sorcery—primarily mesmerism and shape-shifting—to anxieties about foreignness, gender, and sexuality. Given the late antique and Victorian obsession with the occult, as well as the apprehension of marginality and femininity, the vampires of Philostratus and Stoker may be said to embody a “Return of the Repressed.” The essay also acknowledges the particular features of the two periods, such as the rise of asceticism in the former and the triumph of science in the latter, but it emphasizes the parallel and virtuosic representation of the vampire–magician.
Moreau and the Monstrous:
Authors: Snyder E. E. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
H. G. Wells's novel The Island of Doctor Moreau contains apparently monstrous figures in the Beast Men, the human–animal hybrids that Moreau has created and attempts to “perfect” through pain and the repetition of the Law. Yet Moreau's own philosophy, which attempts to read a purposeful progress out of nonprogressive, Darwinian evolution, is a monstrous hybrid in itself and results in creating an idea of the human that humans cannot live up to, and punishing that failure.
The central concern of the book is that the Beast Men are much the same as other men, and that in our bodies and beliefs, we are all monsters. We all have the remnants of our evolution in us, and while the teleological argument may state that we can be “improved” until we are “perfect,” Wells suggest that this expectation (particularly as it is carried out by Christianity, which threatens hellfire for transgressions) is in itself monstrous. The Island of Doctor Moreau demolishes the idea of a teleological understanding of species change, and with it any easy compromise between evolutionary readings of human progress and readings based in Christian revelation.
Effect of Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells and Amniotic Fluid Cells on the Wound Healing Process in a White Rat Model
Authors: Yang Jung Dug , Choi Dong Sik , Cho Young Kyoo , Kim Taek Kyun , Lee Jeong Woo , Choi Kang Young , Chung Ho Yun , Cho Byung Chae , Byun Jin Suk 
Published: September 2013

Background Amniotic-fluid-derived stem cells and amniocytes have recently been determined to have wound healing effects, but their mechanism is not yet clearly understood. In this study, the effects of amniotic fluid stem cells and amniocytes on wound healing were investigated through animal experiments.
Methods On the back of Sprague-Dawley rats, four circular full-thickness skin wounds 2 cm in diameter were created. The wounds were classified into the following four types: a control group using Tegaderm disc wound dressings and experimental groups using collagen discs, amniotic fluid stem cell discs, and amniocyte discs. The wounds were assessed through macroscopic histological examination and immunohistochemistry over a period of time.
Results The amniotic fluid stem cell and amniocyte groups showed higher wound healing rates compared with the control group; histologically, the inflammatory cell invasion disappeared more quickly in these groups, and there was more significant angiogenesis. In particular, these groups had significant promotion of epithelial cell reproduction, collagen fiber formation, and angiogenesis during the initial 10 days of the wound healing process. The potency of transforming growth factor-β and fibronectin in the experimental group was much greater than that in the control group in the early stage of the wound healing process. In later stages, however, no significant difference was observed.
Conclusions The amniotic fluid stem cells and amniocytes were confirmed to have accelerated the inflammatory stage to contribute to an enhanced cure rate and shortened wound healing period. Therefore, they hold promise as wound treatment agents.
Platelet-Rich Plasma: Quantitative Assessment of Growth Factor Levels and Comparative Analysis of Activated and Inactivated Groups
Authors: Lee Jeong Woo , Kwon O Hyun , Kim Taek Kyun , Cho Young Kyoo , Choi Kang Young , Chung Ho Yun , Cho Byung Chae , Yang Jung Dug , Shin Jun Ho 
Published: September 2013

Background Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has more concentrated platelets than normal plasma (approximately 150-400×103 cell/dL). Platelets excrete several growth factors and cytokines that are associated with the healing and regeneration process. However, even though PRP is widely used, the mechanism or actual effect is presently unclear. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the levels of growth factors and platelet concentration rate.Methods Autologous blood for preparing PRP was obtained from healthy subjects aged 25 to 35 years. The samples were divided into 4 experimental groups (inactivated whole blood, inactivated PRP, activated whole blood with thrombin and calcium chloride, and activated PRP). The platelet counts in the blood were analyzed and the growth factors were quantitatively measured. A statistical analysis was performed by using Dunn's multiple comparison test.Results In the blood cell analysis, the platelet count of the PRP group was approximately 4.25 times higher than that of the whole blood group. In the quantitative analysis of growth factors, the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB, PDGF-BB, and transforming growth factor-β of the inactivated and activated PRP groups were higher than those of the inactivated and activated whole blood groups (P<0.05).Conclusions In this study, the platelet count and the levels of PDGF-AB and PDGF-BB in the PRP were determined. Further, more research is required on the bioactivity level of the growth factors secreted during the process of PRP preparation and the potency of growth factors that can be exerted physiologically in vivo.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Comparing Alginate Silver Dressing with Silver Zinc Sulfadiazine Cream in the Treatment of Pressure Ulcers
Authors: Chuangsuwanich Apirag , Chortrakarnkij Peerasak , Kangwanpoom Jupaporn 
Published: September 2013

Background The treatment of pressure ulcers is complicated, given the various wound dressing products available. The cost of different treatments varies and the cost-effectiveness of each product has not been thoroughly evaluated. We compare two wound dressing protocols-alginate silver dressing (AlSD) and silver zinc sulfadiazine cream (AgZnSD) with regard to wound healing and cost-effectiveness.
Methods Patients with grade III or IV sacral or trochanteric pressure ulcers were eligible for this prospective, randomized controlled trial. The patients were randomized to receive one of the two dressings for an eight-week period. The criteria of efficacy were based on the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) scoring tool. The cost of treatment was also assessed.
Results Twenty patients (12 women and 8 men) were randomly assigned to receive either AlSD (n=10) or AgZnSD cream (n=10). The demographic data and wound characteristics were comparable in the two groups. The two groups showed no significant difference in the reduction of PUSH score, wound size, or volume of exudate. The tissue type score was significantly lower in the AlSD group (3.15±0.68-1.85±0.68 vs. 2.73±0.79-2.2±0.41; P=0.015). The cost of treatment was significantly lower in the AlSD group (377.17 vs. 467.74 USD, respectively; P<0.0001).
Conclusions Alginate silver dressing could be effectively used in the treatment of grade III and IV pressure ulcers. It can improve wound tissue characteristics and is cost-effective.
The Biology ofLophelia pertusa(Linnaeus1758) and Other Deep‐Water Reef‐Forming Corals and Impacts from Human Activities.
Authors: Rogers Alex David 
Published: September 2013

AbstractOver the last twenty years, human exploitation has begun to have an impact in the deep sea, especially in the upper bathyal zone. This has mainly taken the form of deep‐sea fishing but more recently oil exploration has extended beyond the continental shelf. Deep‐water coral reefs occur in the upper bathyal zone throughout the world. These structures, however, are poorly studied with respect to their occurrence, biology and the diversity of the communities associated with them. In the North‐East Atlantic the coralLophelia pertusahas frequently been recorded. The present review examines the current knowledge onL. pertusaand discusses similarities between its biology and that of other deep‐water, reef‐forming, corals. It is concluded thatL. pertusais a reef‐forming coral that has a highly diverse associated fauna. Associated diversity is compared with that of tropical shallow‐water reefs. Such a highly diverse fauna may be shared with other deep‐water, reef‐forming, corals though as yet many of these are poorly studied. The main potential threats toL. pertusain the North‐East Atlantic are considered to be natural phenomena, such as slope failures and changes in ocean circulation and anthropogenic impacts such as deep‐sea fishing and oil exploration. The existing and potential impacts of these activities onL. pertusaare discussed. Deep‐sea fishing is also known to have had a significant impact on deep‐water reefs in other parts of the world.
Attenuation of Postmenopausal Bone Loss in Patients with Transient Hypoparathyroidism After Total Thyroidectomy
Authors: Takamura Yuuki , Miyauchi Akira , Yabuta Tomonori , Kihara Minoru , Ito Yasuhiro , Miya Akihiro 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundIncreased bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported in patients with postsurgical permanent hypoparathyroidism. Hypoparathyroidism may attenuate the high‐turnover bone loss in postmenopausal women. We reported previously that patients who had transient hypoparathyroidism postoperatively were at subclinical hypoparathyroid (hP) status even 5 years after surgery. We hypothesized that patients with transient hypoparathyroidism (ThP) may have altered BMD.
MethodsA total of 140 women who underwent total thyroidectomy had BMD measurements of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and radius 3 years after surgery. At surgery, 99 patients were ≥50 years and 41 were <50 years. They were divided into three groups according to their postoperative parathyroid function: There were 80 patients in the no hP (NhP) group, 54 in the ThP group, and 6 in the permanent hP (PhP) group.ResultsAmong the 99 patients aged ≥50 years, 36 ThP patients had median Z scores of the BMD in all three areas (lumbar spine, femoral neck, radius) that were significantly higher (by 1.083, 0.533, and 1.047, respectively) than those in the 60 NhP patients aged ≥50 years. The BMDs in the three PhP patients ≥50 years were higher than those in the NhP and ThP patients, but the difference did not reach significance except for in the femoral neck. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that Z scores > 0 were significantly associated only with the presence of ThP postoperatively. In the patients <50 years, the BMD values were not significantly different among the three groups except at the radius in PhP patients, which was significantly lower than those of the other patients.ConclusionsWe found that ThP was associated with increased BMD in postmenopausal women. This may be due to attenuation of the high‐turnover bone loss in postmenopausal women.
Are ‘Digital Natives’ Equipped to Conquer the Legal Landscape?
Authors: Bates Daniel 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThere is no doubt that the ‘Google Generation’ or ‘Digital Natives’ are entering legal education with a very different set of skills than those who came before them. In this article Daniel Bates examines the precise nature of the skillset of those beginning their legal careers, and considers his experiences teaching research skills to law students at the University of Cambridge for over a decade. Furthermore, he considers how students' educational and cultural background in the areas of research and information literacy should inform the teaching of legal skills.
The Indian Judicial System: Transition from Print to Digital
Authors: Bhardwaj Raj Kumar 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this, the third of a trilogy of articles for LIM written by Raj Kumar Bhardwaj, the author addresses the move from print to digital legal information within the Indian judicial system. He describes briefly the historical development of the legal system and the enormous backlog of cases that are pending throughout the court structure, before turning attention to the role of ICT in the legal system and the moves under way to create a more efficient electronic administration for the judiciary in India.
2,4,6-Trichloroanisole is a potent suppressor of olfactory signal transduction
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroko , Kato Hiroyuki , Kurahashi Takashi 
Published: September 2013

SignificanceOff-flavor substances generated naturally in foods/beverages deteriorate the quality of products considerably. Generally, it has been thought that off-flavor substances induce unpleasant smells exogenously. Here, however, we show that 2,4,6-trichroloanisole (TCA), known as one of the strongest off-flavors, inhibits ciliary transduction channels. Surprisingly, suppression was caused with 1-aM solution. The TCA effect showed slow kinetics, with an integration time of approximately 1 s, and positively correlated with the partition coefficient at octanol/water boundary (pH 7.4) of derivatives. These results indicate that the channels are inhibited through a partitioning of those substances into the lipid bilayer of plasma membranes. Furthermore, TCA was detected in varieties of foods/beverages surveyed for odor losses and is likely to be related to the reduction of flavor.
Natural killer T (NKT)–B-cell interactions promote prolonged antibody responses and long-term memory to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides
Authors: Bai Li , Deng Shenglou , Reboulet Rachel , Mathew Rebecca , Teyton Luc , Savage Paul B. , Bendelac Albert 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Antibodies directed against microbial polysaccharides are a critical component of protective immune responses and vaccines. We used nanoparticles coexpressing pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides and a cell wall lipid antigen analog to model NKT–B-cell interactions. Our study demonstrated CD1d-restricted cognate interactions, isotype switch, affinity maturation, and long-term memory, despite the apparent failure of NKT cells to differentiate into follicular helper cells. The findings demonstrate the importance of nonconventional sources of help for B cells responding to polysaccharide antigens.
Regulation of human hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal by the microenvironment’s control of retinoic acid signaling
Authors: Ghiaur Gabriel , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , Perkins Brandy , Gucwa Jessica L. , Gerber Jonathan M. , Jones Richard J. 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Mechanisms that control physiologic hematopoietic stem-cell (HSC) self-renewal remain largely unknown. Inhibition of retinoic acid (RA) signaling in HSCs maintained their primitive phenotype and function, and promoted their self-renewal. Moreover, bone marrow stroma’s expression of the cytochrome P450 retinoid-inactivating enzyme, CYP26, allowed HSC self-renewal by maintaining an environment low in retinoids. Thus, HSCs appear to be intrinsically programmed to undergo RA-mediated differentiation unless prevented from doing so by bone marrow niche CYP26. Modulation of RA signaling also holds promise for clinical HSC expansion.
ABI3 controls embryo degreening through Mendel'sIlocus
Authors: Delmas Frédéric , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian , Deb Srijani , Widdup Ellen , Bournonville Céline , Bollier Norbert , Northey Julian G. B. , McCourt Peter , Samuel Marcus A. 
Published: September 2013

SignificanceOccurrence of mature green seeds in oil-seed crops such as canola and soybean causes severe losses in revenue. Retention of chlorophyll in seeds can be an undesirable trait as it affects seed maturation, seed oil, and meal quality. We show that the abscisic acid (ABA, plant hormone) dependent transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3), confers seed degreening by regulating Mendel’s stay-green genes. This study unveils a new role for ABI3 in removal of seed chlorophyll in addition to its functions in embryo maturation and conferring desiccation tolerance. This pathway could be manipulated to tackle the cold-induced green seed problem in oil-seed crops.
Intravaginal ring eluting tenofovir disoproxil fumarate completely protects macaques from multiple vaginal simian-HIV challenges
Authors: Smith James M. , Rastogi Rachna , Teller Ryan S. , Srinivasan Priya , Mesquita Pedro M. M. , Nagaraja Umadevi , McNicholl Janet M. , Hendry R. Michael , Dinh Chuong T. , Martin Amy , Herold Betsy C. , Kiser Patrick F. 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Topical prevention of HIV is designed to pharmacologically interrupt sexual transmission at the genital mucosa. Attempts at preventing transmission in women using vaginal gels have yielded disappointing results in part because of poor rates of adherence. Controlled topical drug delivery using intravaginal ring technology should improve efficacy and adherence by providing sustained mucosal delivery of antiretrovirals. In this paper, we describe a reservoir intravaginal ring that delivers tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for 1 month. The ring protected pigtailed macaques from weekly vaginal simian–human immunodeficiency virus challenges for 4 mo. The sterilizing performance of this drug delivery system supports the concept that an intravaginal ring delivering TDF could be an effective tool for prevention of HIV sexual transmission in women.
Carbon substitution for oxygen in silicates in planetary interiors
Authors: Sen Sabyasachi , Widgeon Scarlett J. , Navrotsky Alexandra , Mera Gabriela , Tavakoli Amir , Ionescu Emanuel , Riedel Ralf 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Carbon is an important element in the Earth and other planets, but its concentration, chemical and structural form, and dynamics throughout the crust, mantle, and core are incompletely known. Based on the thermodynamic stability of a class of synthetic materials, the polymer-derived ceramics containing Si, C, and O, and on new NMR data for such systems containing a network-modifying metal (Li), this paper suggests that the substitution of C for O (rather than C for Si) in molten, amorphous, and crystalline silicate structures may provide a hitherto hidden reservoir of carbon in planetary interiors.