bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land Consolidations as an Effective Instrument in Soil Conservation
Authors: Kadlec Václav , Žížala Daniel , Novotný Ivan , Heřmanovská Darina , Kapička Jiří , Tippl Martin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractKadlec V., Žížala D., Novotný I., Heřmanovská D., Kapička J., Tippl M.: Land consolidations as an effective instrument in soil conservation. Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 33, No. 2, p. 188-200, 2014.In the Czech Republic, more than 50% of agricultural land is threatened by water erosion, which is tremendously increasing during last couple of years. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with soil conservation as soon as possible. Land consolidations (LCs) are thus an important tool for implementation of soil, water and landscape conservation measures. It is possible to arrange land ownerships by them. They also arrange land spatially and functionally, provide availability of parcels and their land use in public interest. Besides that, environmental improvement, soil conservation, water management and increase in landscape ecological stability supplement the use of LCs. The results of soil consolidations serve for renewal of cadastral records and for the backgrounds for landscape planning. The aim of the research was to evaluate the selected site (district Plzeň - South) with regard to the amounts and limits of proposed and implemented measures in LC process. The research was processed on the basis of detailed analysis regarding erosion risk and runoff conditions in GIS compared with the previous data (before LC).
Changes of the Ecological Conditions in the Báb Forest on the Basis of a Bioindication Method
Authors: Pilková Ivana 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis work analyses the changes of ecological conditions in the Báb forest on the basis of a bioindication method. The comparison is made between the phytocenological records from the years 1968-1969 and 2013 where permanent research plots (PRPs) were established in the forest coppi-ce and on clearcuts. In 2013, the amount of photophilous and thermophilic species increased mainly on the clearcut PRP and the amount of suboceanic taxa on PRP in the forest coppice. Moreover, there is also an increase of taxa like nitrogen-rich posts. On the other hand, the share of fresh soils indicators and acidophilous species significantly decreased. The change in the ratio of the econumbers of the observed ecofactors between the records from 1968-1969 and 2013 is caused mainly by a diversified management. It is the formation of clearcuts due to which synanthropic, clearcut and invasive species occupy the free space. The given species are mainly thermophilic, photophilous representatives and representatives of nitrogen-rich soils and they have a significant influence on the change in the percentual ratios of the econumbers of the six observed ecofactors.
Landscape-Ecological Interpretation and Applications of Landscape Survey Results for Optimal Land Use
Authors: Zaušková L’ubica 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLandscape-ecological multidisciplinary approach is turning out to be the only suitable solution for the problem of land-use optimisation. The article puts forward a landscape-ecological methodology of landscape-ecological carrying capacity (LCC) evaluation and accounts for its interconnection with sectoral surveys. Primarily it is an interpretation of survey results of the forest ecology in forestry and the complex soil survey in agriculture within the methods of LCC. By application of the results, the process of LCC evaluation will be accelerated and remedial measures will be provided more efficiently. The result of an application of the methodics will be suitable land use in conformity to landscape potential, while landscape-ecological limits are respected. The article calls attention to the fact that LCC methods should be considered within the planning of land use of forest and agricultural landscape on the basis of the entire gravitational unit - watershed.
Succession of Periphyton and Phytoplankton Assemblages in Years with Varying Amounts of Precipitation in a Shallow Urban Lake (Lake Jeziorak Mały, Poland)
Authors: Zębek Elžbieta 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study of periphyton assemblages (periphyton in separator pipes, epilithon and epiphyton) and phytoplankton was carried out in Lake Jeziorak Maly in 1997-2003 and 2005. Since precipitation amounts varied in these years, changes in the abundance, biomass, taxonomic group structure, spe-cies diversity and dominant taxa of these assemblages were analyzed in relation to the physical and chemical water parameters. The periphyton in pipes had their highest abundance and biomass at the mean precipitation in the vegetative season and at maximum precipitations in winter 2000, and also in the 1997 vegetative season when there were high levels of electrolytic conductivity and orthophosphate and chloride concentrations. The assemblage was dominated by the diatoms
The Species Composition on Agricultural Terraces in NW Part of Slovakia
Authors: Machová Iva , Kubát Karel 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe article contributes to a deeper understanding of agricultural terraces in NW Slovakia. The agricultural terraces found in 12 mountain ranges were characterised in detail on 32 localities. The slope parts of the studied terraces are on average only 2.3 m wide and current and former agricultural areas between them are on average 11 m wide. Furthermore, seventy phytosociological relevés were made on the terraces. Overall, 360 species of vascular plants were found in the relevés, 66 of which appeared regularly The localities were evaluated by DCA analysis. The main factor infuencing the species composition appears to be the geological composition of the bedrock and, probably the altitude as well. High coverage of the herb layer (median value 95%), low coverage of the shrub layer (median value 5%) and the absence or a very low coverage of the tree layer is typical for these terraces.
Landscape Capacity for Ecosystem Services Provision Based on Expert Knowledge and Public Perception (Case Study from the Northwest Slovakia)
Authors: Bezák Peter , Bezáková Magdaléna 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLandscape represents appropriate spatial dimension for a study of ecosystems, especially due to ability to translate scientific knowledge into proper guidance for land use practice and enhancing the inclusion of local stakeholders in decision-making procedures. We tested social preferences method to reach initial and raw overview of the ecosystem services (ES) distribution and their values in the study areas. Perception of experts and local residents about capacities of relevant CORINE land cover (CLC) types to provide various ES was linked with Geographic Information System databases. We quantified the results on the basis of the mean values for each CLC type and the ES groups and these were interpreted also in spatial context. The expectation about perceptible capacities of forest to provide goods and services was fulfilled by responses of the experts, as was the expected difficulty to assess capacities of transitional woodland shrub or complex cultivation patterns. However, additional land cover types in question are meadows and pastures or discon-tinuous urban fabric. Mostly middle ranking values prevail in responses of local residents and uncertainty in the background is much greater comparing to the experts. On the other hand, rural people may better recognise diversified fow of services due to their everyday close connection to more ES. Large variation in the scores of some valued CLC classes in responses of the local residents and also experts seems resulting from lack of knowledge in the background and differences in viewpoint and appreciation. We understand the gaps in evaluating ES by the experts and resident population as good experience and key challenge for the further steps and fine-tuning of the research methods.
Development of Košice Region by Implementation of Environmental Projects in the Field of Water Management - Case Study
Authors: Pavolová Henrieta , Csikósová Adriana , Bakalár Tomáš 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe development of the regions in Slovakia in recent years has significant disparities in both so-cio-economic as well as environmental issues, as evidenced by the eight environmentally polluted areas (these areas are highly urbanised with industrial agglomerations or intensive agricultural production).This article deals with a management system model of regional by implementation of projects in environmental field of water management with application-specific benefits and risks arising from the process of their implementation in relation to regional development. It analyses projects in the area of water management of one of the regions of Slovakia, KoŠice region in particular, in terms of connection to public water duct and sewer, identifes a strategy for development of the region and its socio-economic and environmental benefits based on the analysis of drinking water, the quan-tity and quality of treated wastewater through wastewater treatment plants (WTPs). It identifes the infuencing factors of benefits and risks and proposes procedure for solving at various stages.
Gait Characteristics, Symptoms, and Function in Persons With Hip Osteoarthritis: A Longitudinal Study With 6 to 7 Years of Follow-up
Authors: Eitzen Ingrid , Fernandes Linda , Kallerud Heidi , Nordsletten Lars , Knarr Brian , Risberg May Arna 
Published: May 2015

Study Design Longitudinal laboratory study. Objectives (1) To compare gait characteristics between individuals with early-stage hip osteoarthritis who underwent total hip replacement (THR) and those who did not undergo THR, and (2) to evaluate whether gait characteristics, function, and symptoms declined among individuals who did not undergo THR during a 6- to 7-year follow-up. Background The natural history of symptoms, function, and gait changes secondary to hip osteoarthritis, including potential differences at an early stage of disease, is unknown. Methods Forty-three individuals (mean age, 58.9 years) with radiographic and symptomatic hip osteoarthritis participated. Outcome measures included 3-D gait analysis; self-reported pain, stiffness, and function; hip range of motion; and the six-minute walk test. Baseline comparisons between individuals who later underwent THR and those who did not undergo THR were made using independent t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. Comparisons of baseline measures and 6- to 7-year follow-up for the nonoperated individuals were conducted with paired-samples t tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (P<.05). Results Twelve (27.9%) of the 43 individuals initially evaluated had not undergone THR at the 6- to 7-year follow-up. At baseline, these individuals had larger sagittal plane hip and knee joint excursions, larger joint space width, lower body mass index, and superior self-reported function compared with the individuals who later underwent THR. At the 6- to 7-year follow-up, the individuals who did not undergo THR exhibited no decline in gait characteristics, minimum joint space, or overall function. Furthermore, their self-reported pain had significantly decreased (P = .024). Conclusion Individuals who did not undergo THR during a 6- to 7-year follow-up period did not exhibit a decline in gait, function, or symptoms compared to those who underwent THR. These findings are suggestive of a phenotype of hip osteoarthritis with a very slow disease progression, particularly in regard to pain. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(7):539–549. Epub 21 May 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5441
Thoracic Spine Manipulation in Individuals With Subacromial Impingement Syndrome Does Not Immediately Alter Thoracic Spine Kinematics, Thoracic Excursion, or Scapular Kinematics: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kardouni Joseph R. , Pidcoe Peter E. , Shaffer Scott W. , Finucane Sheryl D. , Cheatham Seth A. , Sousa Catarina O. , Michener Lori A. 
Published: May 2015

Study Design Randomized controlled trial. Objectives To determine if thoracic spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) alters thoracic kinematics, thoracic excursion, and scapular kinematics compared to a sham SMT in individuals with subacromial impingement syndrome, and also to compare changes in patient-reported outcomes between treatment groups. Background Prior studies indicate that thoracic SMT can improve pain and disability in individuals with subacromial impingment syndrome. However, the mechanisms underlying these benefits are not well understood. Methods Participants with shoulder impingement symptoms (n = 52) were randomly assigned to receive a single session of thoracic SMT or sham SMT. Thoracic and scapular kinematics during active arm elevation and overall thoracic excursion were measured before and after the intervention. Patient-reported outcomes measured were pain (numeric pain-rating scale), function (Penn Shoulder Score), and global rating of change. Results Following the intervention, there were no significant differences in changes between groups for thoracic kinematics or excursion, scapular kinematics, and patient-reported outcomes (P>.05). Both groups showed an increase in scapular internal rotation during arm raising (mean, 0.9°; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3°, 1.6°; P = .003) and lowering (0.8°; 95% CI: 0.0°, 1.5°; P = .041), as well as improved pain reported on the numeric pain-rating scale (1.2 points; 95% CI: 0.3, 1.8; P<.001) and function on the Penn Shoulder Score (9.1 points; 95% CI: 6.5, 11.7; P<.001). Conclusion Thoracic spine extension and excursion did not change significantly following thoracic SMT. There were small but likely not clinically meaningful changes in scapular internal rotation in both groups. Patient-reported pain and function improved in both groups; however, there were no significant differences in the changes between the SMT and the sham SMT groups. Overall, patient-reported outcomes improved in both groups without meaningful changes to thoracic or scapular motion. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 1b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(7):527–538. Epub 21 May 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5647
Conservative Treatment of Subacute Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy Using Eccentric Exercises Performed With a Treadmill: A Case Report
Authors: Cushman Daniel , Rho Monica E. 
Published: May 2015

Study Design Case report. Background Proximal hamstring tendinopathy in runners is characterized by pain with passive hip flexion with the knee extended, active hip extension, and pain with sitting. Relatively little literature exists on the condition, and publications on nonsurgical treatment protocols are even more scarce. Surgical intervention, which comprises the majority of literature for treatment of this condition, is an option for cases that fail to respond to nonsurgical treatment. Case Description The patient was a 34-year-old, otherwise healthy male triathlete with unilateral proximal hamstring tendinopathy diagnosed by ultrasound, who had pain only with running and prolonged sitting. After he failed to respond to 4 weeks of eccentric knee flexion and lumbopelvic musculature strengthening exercises, an eccentric hip extensor strengthening program using a treadmill was initiated. This treadmill exercise was performed on a daily basis, in addition to a lumbopelvic musculature strengthening program. Outcomes The patient noted a decrease in pain within 2 weeks of initiating the new exercise, and was able to return to gradual running after 4 weeks and to speed training after 12 weeks. He returned to competition shortly thereafter and had no recurrence for 12 months after the initiation of therapy. His score on the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-proximal hamstring tendons improved from 23 on initial presentation to 83 at 12 weeks after the initiation of therapy. Discussion We described the management of a triathlete with subacute proximal hamstring tendinopathy, who responded well to nonsurgical treatment using eccentric hip extension strengthening using a treadmill. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(7):557–562. Epub 21 May 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5762
Microstructural characterization of second phases in X10CrMoVNb9–1 and 12CrMoWCuVNb steels after long steam exposure time at 550°C
Authors: Rodak Kinga , Hernas Adam , Vodárek Vlastimil 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Microstructural changes in high alloy (9–12% Cr) creep resistant martensitic X10CrMoVNb9–1 and 12CrMoW · CuVNb steels after 100 000 h of steam exposure at 550°C have been studied using scanning transmission electron microscopy. Precipitates were identified using electron diffraction patterns and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. After long time exposure, a significant coarsening of M
23C6 carbides, and intensive precipitation of the coarse Laves phase were observed. Moreover, in the 12CrMoW · CuVNb steel, a low amount of the modified Z-phase particles was detected. The microstructures of the X10Cr · MoVNb9–1 and 12CrMoWCuVNb steels after 100 000 h of exposure differ in several aspects.
The Impact of School Gardening on Cree Children's Knowledge and Attitudes toward Vegetables and Fruit
Authors: Hanbazaza Mahitab A. , Triador Lucila , Ball Geoff D.C. , Farmer Anna , Maximova Katerina , Alexander First Nation  , Willows Noreen D. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose: School-based interventions may increase children's preferences for vegetables and fruit (V&F). This Canadian study measured changes in Indigenous First Nations schoolchildren's V&F knowledge, preferences, and home consumption following the implementation of a gardening and V&F snack program. Methods: At baseline, 7 months, and 18 months, children in grades 1–6 (i) listed at least 5 V&F they knew, (ii) tasted and indicated their preferences towards 9 vegetables and 8 fruit using a 6-point Likert scale, and (iii) indicated their home consumption of 17 V&F. Results: At all 3 time points, 56.8% (n = 66/116) of children provided data. Children listed a greater number of V&F at 18 months (4.9 ± 0.1) than at baseline (4.5 ± 1.0) or 7 months (4.7 ± .07) (F(1.6,105.6) = 6.225, P < 0.05). Vegetable preferences became more positive between baseline (37.9 ± 9.3) and 7 months (39.9 ± 9.2), but returned to baseline levels at 18 months (37.3 ± 8.7) (F(1.6,105.8) = 4.581, P < 0.05). Fruit preferences at 18 months (42.7 ± 3.0) were greater than at baseline (41.1 ± 4.3) and at 7 months (41.9 ± 5.1) (F(1.7,113.3) = 3.409, P < 0.05). No change in V&F consumption occurred at home. Conclusions: Despite improvements in V&F knowledge and preferences, home consumption of V&F did not occur. Complementing school-based programs with home-based components may be needed to influence V&F intake of children.
Phylogenetic relationships in Asarum: Effect of data partitioning and a revised classification
Authors: Sinn Brandon T. , Kelly Lawrence M. , Freudenstein John V. 
Published: May 2015

• Premise of the study: Generic boundaries and infrageneric relationships among the charismatic temperate magnoliid Asarum sensu lato (Aristolochiaceae) have long been uncertain. Previous molecular phylogenetic analyses used either plastid or nuclear loci alone and varied greatly in their taxonomic implications for the genus. We analyzed additional molecular markers from the nuclear and plastid genomes, reevaluated the possibility of a derived loss of autonomous self‐pollination, and investigated the topological effects of matrix‐partitioning‐scheme choice.• Methods: We sequenced seven plastid regions and the nuclear ITS1–ITS2 region of 58 individuals representing all previously recognized Asarum s.l. segregate genera and the monotypic genus Saruma. Matrices were partitioned using common a priori partitioning schemes and PartitionFinder.• Key results: Topologies that were recovered using a priori partitioning of matrices differed from those recovered using a PartitionFinder‐selected scheme, and by analysis method. We recovered six monophyletic groups that we circumscribed into three subgenera and six sections. Putative fungal mimic characters served as synapomorphies only for subgenus Heterotropa. Subgenus Geotaenium, a new subgenus, was recovered as sister to the remainder of Asarum by ML analyses of highly partitioned datasets. Section Longistylis, also newly named, is sister to section Hexastylis.• Conclusions: Our analyses do not unambiguously support a single origin for all fungal‐mimicry characters. Topologies recovered through the analysis of PartitionFinder‐optimized matrices can differ drastically from those inferred from a priori partitioned matrices, and by analytical method. We recommend that investigators evaluate the topological effects of matrix partitioning using multiple methods of phylogenetic reconstruction.
Biogeographic analysis of the woody plants of the Southern Appalachians: Implications for the origins of a regional flora
Authors: Manos Paul S. , Meireles José Eduardo 
Published: May 2015

• Premise of the study: We investigated the origins of 252 Southern Appalachian woody species representing 158 clades to analyze larger patterns of biogeographic connectivity around the northern hemisphere. We tested biogeographic hypotheses regarding the timing of species disjunctions to eastern Asia and among areas of North America.• Methods: We delimited species into biogeographically informative clades, compiled sister‐area data, and generated graphic representations of area connections across clades. We calculated taxon diversity within clades and plotted divergence times.• Key results: Of the total taxon diversity, 45% were distributed among 25 North American endemic clades. Sister taxa within eastern North America and eastern Asia were proportionally equal in frequency, accounting for over 50% of the sister‐area connections. At increasing phylogenetic depth, connections to the Old World dominated. Divergence times for 65 clades with intercontinental disjunctions were continuous, whereas 11 intracontinental disjunctions to western North America and nine to eastern Mexico were temporally congruent.• Conclusions: Over one third of the clades have likely undergone speciation within the region of eastern North America. The biogeographic pattern for the region is asymmetric, consisting of mostly mixed‐aged, low‐diversity clades connecting to the Old World, and a minority of New World clades. Divergence time data suggest that climate change in the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene generated disjunct patterns within North America. Continuous splitting times during the last 45 million years support the hypothesis that widespread distributions formed repeatedly during favorable periods, with serial cooling trends producing pseudocongruent area disjunctions between eastern North America and eastern Asia.