bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change in Mitral Annular Size and Geometry after MitraClip® Implantation in Patients with Functional and Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: REMY TALEA , BERTOG STEFAN C. , WUNDERLICH NINA , VASKELYTE LAURA , HOFMANN ILONA , GAFOOR SAMEER , SIEVERT HORST 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundMitraClip® therapy is an alternative to conventional surgery. The aim was to characterize the mitral annular geometry pre‐ and postrepair with the MitraClip® taking into account the regurgitation mechanism.MethodsWe retrospectively collected pre‐ and postprocedural transesophageal echocardiography data in 46 patients. Patients were categorized as having isolated degenerative (DMR, n = 18), isolated functional (FMR, n = 9) or a combination of both functional and degenerative mitral regurgitation (MMR, n = 19).ResultsA significant reduction in septolateral (SL) diameters in all patients occurred. Noteworthy, in those with DMR, there was no significant change in intercommissural (IC) diameters whereas in those with FMR and MMR, it increased significantly in systole (FMR: +2.8 ± 3.4 mm, P = 0.03, MMR: +2.1 ± 2.6 mm, P = 0.002). In DMR, a significant reduction in mitral annular areas post‐procedure was observed (−1.8 ± 2.3 cm2, P = 0.001 in diast., −0.8 ± 1.0 cm2, P = 0.004 in syst.). In patients with FMR and MMR, though the SL diameter decreased, this occurred at the expense of an increase in IC diameter causing a change in annular shape but leaving the annular area unchanged. Nevertheless, a comparable reduction in regurgitant severity (DMR: P = <0.001; FMR: P = 0.003; MMR: P = <0.001) and improvement in functional class occurred regardless of regurgitant mechanism.ConclusionsThough changes in mitral annular geometry after MitraClip® repair differ depending on regurgitant mechanism, this does not appear to have an impact on residual regurgitation or clinical status in the short‐term. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:516–524)
Oro‐facial pain and nutrition: a forgotten relationship?
Authors: Durham J. , Touger‐Decker R. , Nixdorf D. R. , Rigassio‐Radler D. , Moynihan P. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryOro‐facial pain (OFP) is known to exert profound impacts on quality of life including functionally and psychosocially mediated changes in dietary intake and thereby nutrition. This commentary explores the evidence base available on chronic oro‐facial pain, diet and nutrition and discusses current dietary guidance for individuals with chronic OFP; potential impact of chronic OFP on eating and nutritional status; impact of nutritional status on pathophysiology of chronic OFP; and potential role of nutrition in the management of chronic OFP.
In vivo osteoprotegerin gene therapy preventing bone loss induced by periodontitis
Authors: Tang H. , Mattheos N. , Yao Y. , Jia Y. , Ma L. , Gong P. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene therapy on alveolar bone resorption caused by experimental periodontitis in rats, thus forming a foundation for potential clinical applications of OPG gene therapy in the treatment of periodontitis and peri‐implantitis.Material and MethodsTo study the effects of OPG on alveolar bone protection, an experimental periodontitis model was used by placing a bacterial plaque retentive silk ligature in the gingival sulcus around the maxillary second molar tooth, injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis and high carbohydrate diet. A total of 30 Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, with 10 rats in each group: group I (control) was treated with 10 μL normal saline injection; group II with 10 μL mock vector; and group III with 10 μL local OPG gene transfer by transfection with in vitro constructed pcDNA3.1‐human OPG (pcDNA3.1‐hOPG). A subperiosteal injection was done adjacent to the second molars on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. Four weeks later, all animals were killed and radiographic, histological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed. Statistical analysis included ANOVA and LSD‐Bonferroni test.ResultsGroup III (OPG gene therapy) had significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) integrated optical density of OPG, had significantly decreased alveolar bone resorption volume and active osteoclast number (p < 0.05) through descriptive histological examination when compared with the other two groups at week 4.ConclusionLocal recombinant OPG plasmid‐mediated gene therapy suppresses osteoclastogenesis in vivo and inhibits alveolar bone height reduction caused by experimental periodontitis in rats. OPG gene therapy may be beneficial in preventing progressive periodontal bone loss.
How Changes in Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Correspond to Variations in Female Sexual Response in a Nonclinical Sample of Young Women: A Daily Diary Study
Authors: Kalmbach David A. , Kingsberg Sheryl A. , Ciesla Jeffrey A. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Introduction
A large body of literature supports the co-occurrence of depression, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction. However, the manner in which affective symptoms map onto specific female sexual response indices is not well understood.

Aims
The present study aimed to examine changes in depression and anxiety symptoms and their correspondence to fluctuations in desire, subjective arousal, genital response, orgasmic function, and vaginal pain.

Methods
The study used a 2-week daily diary approach to examine same-day and temporal relations between affective symptoms and sexual function.

Main Outcome Measures
The unique relations between shared and disorder-specific symptoms of depression and anxiety (i.e., general distress, anhedonia, and anxious arousal) and female sexual response (i.e., desire, subjective arousal, vaginal lubrication, orgasmic function, and sexual pain) were examined, controlling for baseline levels of sexual distress, depression, and anxiety, as well as age effects and menstruation.

Results
Analyses revealed that changes in depression and anxiety severity corresponded to same-day variations in sexual response. Specifically, anhedonia (depression-specific symptom) was related to poorer same-day sexual desire, whereas greater anxious arousal (anxiety-specific symptom) was independently related to simultaneous increases in subjective sexual arousal, vaginal lubrication, and sexual pain. Increases in general distress (i.e., shared symptoms) were associated with greater same-day difficulties achieving orgasm. Notably, only one temporal relation was found; it indicated that higher levels of anhedonia predicted a next-day decrease in sexual desire.

Conclusions
It is proposed that the simultaneous changes in affective symptoms and sexual function may indicate that they are products of shared underlying mechanisms. That is, in response to stress, the processes manifesting as feelings of weak positive affect and amotivation are the very same processes responsible for diminished capacity for sexual desire. In contrast, the physiological hyperarousal associated with anxiety also gives rise to sexual arousal difficulties and vaginal pain.
Elevated interferon‐stimulated gene transcription in peripheral blood mononuclear cells occurs in patients infected with genotype 1 but not genotype 3 hepatitis C virus
Authors: Robinson M. W. , Swann R. , Sigruener A. , Barclay S. T. , Mills P. R. , McLauchlan J. , Patel A. H. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryHepatitis C virus (HCV) can be classified into seven distinct genotypes that are associated with differing pathologies and respond differently to antiviral therapy. In the UK, genotype 1 and 3 are present in approximately equal proportions. Chronic infection with HCV genotype 3 is associated with increased liver steatosis and reduced peripheral total cholesterol levels, which potentially influences peripheral immune responses. To understand these differences, we investigated host gene transcription in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by microarray and quantitative PCR in patients with genotype 1 (n = 22) or genotype 3 infection (n = 22) and matched healthy controls (n = 15). Enrichment of genes involved in immune response and inflammatory pathways were present in patients infected with HCV genotype 1; however, no differences in genes involved in lipid or cholesterol metabolism were detected. This genotype‐specific induction of genes is unrelated to IL28B genotype or previous treatment failure. Our data support the hypothesis that genotype 1 infection drives a skewed Type I interferon response and provides a foundation for future investigations into the host–pathogen interactions that underlie the genotype‐specific clinical outcomes of chronic HCV infection.
Fossorial gait patterns and performance of a shovel‐headed amphisbaenian
Authors: Hohl L. S. L. , Loguercio M. F. C. , Buendía R. A. , Almeida‐Santos M. , Viana L. A. , Barros‐Filho J. D. , Rocha‐Barbosa O. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMost studies on excavation behaviour ofAmphisbaenia have been based on descriptive analysis through visual observation or external body motion records. Herein, we recorded the excavatory gaits of the shovel‐headed amphisbaenidLeposternon microcephalumusing videofluoroscopy. This technique films byX‐ray emission, allowing a more detailed analysis of the amphisbaenid's underground locomotor behaviour and performance. Thus, we described, for the first time, its ascendant excavatory cycle and backward movement. Furthermore, we analysed its performance through the quantitative data (e.g. speed, travel distance, frequency, time) of each fossorial gait, including the three‐step excavatory cycle previously described in the literature. When comparing the three‐step and the four‐step excavatory cycles, the first presented high average speed and short travel distances. Our original hypothesis that there was a relation between retreat/downward movement of the head and the intensity of burrowing activity was not corroborated by the regression analyses. This movement seems to be just a part of the motion needed to perform the excavatory cycle, not a propulsion step influencing burrowing activity. The results presented in this work contribute to a better understanding ofL. microcephalumfossorial behaviour. Further studies can be performed to better describe and compare excavation patterns and performance among different amphisbaenian skull morphotypes (round headed, keel headed, shovel headed and spade headed).
Individual (co)variation of field behavior and locomotor performance in curly tailed lizards
Authors: Diamond K. , Trovillion D. , Allen K. E. , Malela K. M. , Noble D. A. , Powell R. , Eifler D. A. , Gifford M. E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAnimal communication among competitors often relies on honest signaling such that displays of aggression accurately reflect an individual's performance abilities. Moreover, the maintenance of honest signaling should be enhanced by the existence of consistent individual differences in behavior and performance, and individual‐level correlations between them. Despite this, researchers studying honest signaling rarely measure behavioral repeatability. Here, we demonstrate that field behaviors of free‐ranging lizards and a measure of locomotor performance in the laboratory are consistent among individuals (i.e. they were repeatable), although the magnitude of repeatability varies among traits. In addition, endurance appears to be correlated with display frequency in the field at the individual level, suggesting that display frequency is an honest signal of endurance. Interestingly, this correlation was strong for males, and non‐existent for females. Our results extend previous studies of behavior–performance relationships by identifying a sex‐specific correlation between traits and by partitioning phenotypic correlations into between‐ and within‐individual components. This analytical approach is emerging as a powerful tool for studying individual variation in behavior and physiology.
Particle Swarm Optimization with Sequential Niche Technique for Dynamic Finite Element Model Updating
Authors: Shabbir Faisal , Omenzetter Piotr 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDue to uncertainties associated with material properties, structural geometry, boundary conditions, and connectivity of structural parts as well as inherent simplifying assumptions in the development of finite element (FE) models, actual behavior of structures often differs from model predictions. FE model updating comprises a multitude of techniques that systematically calibrate FE models in order to match experimental results. Updating of structural models can be posed as an optimization problem where model parameters that minimize the errors between the responses of the model and actual structure are sought. However, due to limited number of experimental responses and measurement errors, the optimization problem may have multiple admissible solutions in the search domain. Global optimization algorithms (GOAs) are useful and efficient tools in such situations as they try to find the globally optimal solution out of many possible local minima, but are not totally immune to missing the right minimum in complex problems such as those encountered in updating. A methodology based on particle swarm optimization (PSO), a GOA, with sequential niche technique (SNT) for FE model updating is proposed and explored in this article. The combination of PSO and SNT enables a systematic search for multiple minima and considerably increases the confidence in finding the global minimum. The method is applied to FE model updating of a pedestrian cable‐stayed bridge using modal data from full‐scale dynamic testing.
Are you talking to me? A possible role for γ‐butyrolactones in interspecies signalling
Authors: Nodwell Justin R. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe secreted γ‐butyrolactone signalling molecule SVB1 regulates the biosynthesis of jadomycin in Streptomyces venezuelae. Interestingly, this molecule is identical to SCB3, a secreted regulator of secondary metabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor. This is a departure for this class of signalling molecules as there are no previous reports of identical signalling molecules produced in different species. One implication of this work is that different species of bacteria could use shared extracellular signals to co‐ordinate secondary metabolism when and if it is advantageous to do so.
Alterations in global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation are not detected in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lashley Tammaryn , Gami Priya , Valizadeh Navid , Li Abi , Revesz Tamas , Balazs Robert 
Published: September 2014

AimsGenetic factors do not seem to account fully for Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. There is evidence for the contribution of environmental factors, whose effect may be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetics involves the regulation of gene expression independently of DNA sequence and these epigenetic changes are influenced by age and environmental factors, with DNA methylation being one of the best characterized epigenetic mechanisms. The human genome is predominantly methylated on CpG motifs, which results in gene silencing; however methylation within the body of the gene may mark active transcription. There is evidence suggesting an involvement of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which prompted our study examining DNA methylation in this disorder.MethodsUsing immunohistochemistry with 5‐methylcytosine/5‐hydroxymethylcytosine antibodies we studied, in comparison with age matched controls, DNA methylation in sporadic and familial AD cases in the entorhinal cortex that exhibits substantial pathology and the cerebellum, which is relatively spared.ResultsNeuronal nuclear labelling with 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) and 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) was evident in all cases studied. We did not detect any significant change in the levels of nuclear staining in the AD samples compared to neurologically normal controls. In the entorhinal cortex we also examined global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ConclusionNo significant differences were found between AD and control cases in global levels of 5mC and 5hmC in the entorhinal cortex using immunohistochemistry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.
Lentiviral labeling of mouse and human enteric nervous system stem cells for regenerative medicine studies
Authors: Natarajan D. , Cooper J. , Choudhury S. , Delalande J.‐M. , McCann C. , Howe S. J. , Thapar N. , Burns A. J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundReliable methods of labeling human enteric nervous system (ENS) stem cells for use in novel cell replacement therapies for enteric neuropathies are lacking. Here, we explore the possibility of using lentiviral vectors expressing fluorescent reporter genes to transduce, label, and trace mouse and human ENS stem cells following transplantation into mouse gut.MethodsEnteric nervous system precursors, including ENS stem cells, were isolated from enzymatically dissociated mouse and human gut tissues. Lentivirus containing eGFP or mCherry fluorescent reporter genes was added to gut cell cultures at a multiplicity of infection of 2–5. After fluorescence activated cell sorting for eGFP and subsequent analysis with markers of proliferation and cell phenotype, transduced mouse and human cells were transplanted into the gut of C57BL/6 and immune deficient Rag2‐/gamma chain‐/C5 mice, respectively and analyzed up to 60 days later.Key ResultsMouse and human transduced cells survived in vitro, maintained intense eGFP expression, proliferated as shown by BrdU incorporation, and formed characteristic neurospheres. When transplanted into mouse gut in vivo and analyzed up to 2 months later, transduced mouse and human cells survived, strongly expressed eGFP and integrated into endogenous ENS networks.Conclusions & InferencesLentiviral vectors expressing fluorescent reporter genes enable efficient, stable, long‐term labeling of ENS stem cells when transplanted into in vivo mouse gut. This lentiviral approach not only addresses the need for a reliable fluorescent marker of human ENS stem cells for preclinical studies, but also raises the possibility of using lentiviruses for other applications, such as gene therapy.
Reintroduction failure after negative peanut challenges in children
Authors: van Erp Francine C. , Boot Jenneke , Knulst André C. , Pasmans Suzanne G. M. , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Meijer Yolanda 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundA negative double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) should normally be followed by reintroduction of the food. However, reintroduction fails in a subset of children. The observed reintroduction problems could be due to refusal of the food that long has been avoided, to other behavioural/psychological factors or to false negative DBPCFC outcome. This study analyses the frequency, causes and risk factors for reintroduction failure in children after negative peanut DBPCFC.MethodsA retrospective study of children with a negative DBPCFC for peanut was performed. During follow‐up after DBPCFC, parents were systematically interviewed about the current diet, symptoms and problems during reintroduction, and reactions to peanut after the reintroduction period. Successful reintroduction was defined as eating peanut or products containing peanut as ingredient on a regular basis.ResultsFollow‐up data were obtained in 103 children with a negative peanut challenge. In 70 (68%) children, reintroduction was successful (54 children tolerated peanut, 16 children tolerated peanut as ingredient). Reintroduction failed in 33 (32%) children. Food refusal (45%) and peanut‐related symptoms (33%) were the most reported reasons. Risk factors for reintroduction failure were an elimination diet for more than three other foods (p = 0.019), a long elimination diet for peanut (p = 0.048) and peanut‐related symptoms at home (p = 0.002).ConclusionReintroduction failure is a common problem in children after negative peanut challenge. To guide reintroduction and identify potential peanut‐related symptoms at home, careful follow‐up after negative DBPCFC is advised. When symptoms occur or persist, food challenge outcome needs to be reconsidered.
Hypersensitivity reactions to non‐betalactam antibiotics in children: An extensive review
Authors: Kuyucu Semanur , Mori Francesca , Atanaskovic‐Markovic Marina , Caubet Jean‐Christoph , Terreehorst Ingrid , Gomes Eva , Brockow Knut ,   Pediatric Task Force of EAACI Drug Allergy Interest Group
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn contrast to hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to β‐lactam antibiotics in children, studies aboutHSRto non‐β‐lactam antibiotics (NBLAs) such as sulfonamides, macrolides, quinolones, and antituberculosis agents are scarce, and information is generally limited to case reports. The aim of this extensive review was to summarize our present knowledge on clinical characteristics, evaluation, and management ofHSRtoNBLAs in children based on the literature published between 1980 and 2013.NBLAs have been reported to induce a wide spectrum ofHSRs from mild eruptions to severe, and sometimes fatal, systemic drug reactions, especially in some high‐risk groups. The diagnosis relied upon history and remained unconfirmed by allergological tests in most of the cases. Obtaining a detailed history is valuable in the diagnosis of suspected reactions toNBLAs. Diagnosticin vivoandin vitrotests forNBLAs lack validation, which makes the diagnosis challenging. The definitive diagnosis ofNBLAhypersensitivity frequently depends upon drug provocation tests. Studies including children showed that only 7.8 to 36% of suspected immediate and delayedHSRs toNBLAs could be confirmed by skin and/or provocation tests. Therefore, a standardized diagnostic approach and management strategy should be developed and employed for pediatric patients in the evaluation of suspectedHSRs toNBLAs, some of which may be critical and unreplaceable in certain clinical situations.
Variations in inpatient pediatric anesthesia in California from 2000 to 2009: a caseload and geographic analysis
Authors: Mudumbai Seshadri C. , Honkanen Anita , Chan Jia , Schmitt Susan , Saynina Olga , Hackel Alvin , Gregory George , Phibbs Ciaran S. , Wise Paul H. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBackgroundRegional referral systems are considered important for children hospitalized for surgery, but there is little information on existing systems.ObjectivesTo examine geographic variations in anesthetic caseloads in California for surgical inpatients ≤6 years and to evaluate the feasibility of regionalizing anesthetic care.MethodsWe reviewed California's unmasked patient discharge database between 2000 and 2009 to determine surgical procedures, dates, and inpatient anesthetic caseloads. Hospitals were classified as urban or rural and were further stratified as low, intermediate, high, and very high volume.ResultsWe reviewed 257 541 anesthetic cases from 402 hospitals. Seventeen California Children's Services (CCS) hospitals conducted about two‐thirds of all inpatient anesthetics; 385 non‐CCS hospitals accounted for the rest. Urban hospitals comprised 82% of low‐ and intermediate‐volume centers (n = 297) and 100% of the high‐ and very high‐volume centers (n = 41). Ninety percent (n = 361) of hospitals performed <100 cases annually. Although potentially lower risk procedures such as appendectomies were the most frequent in urban low‐ and intermediate‐volume hospitals, fairly complex neurosurgical and general surgeries were also performed. The median distance from urban lower‐volume hospitals to the nearest high‐ or very high‐volume center was 12 miles. Up to 98% (n = 40 316) of inpatient anesthetics at low‐ or intermediate‐volume centers could have been transferred to higher‐volume centers within 25 miles of smaller centers.ConclusionsMany urban California hospitals maintained low annual inpatient anesthetic caseloads for children ≤6 years while conducting potentially more complex procedures. Further efforts are necessary to define the scope of pediatric anesthetic care at urban low‐ and intermediate‐volume hospitals in California.