bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Car Safety Seat Insert to Reduce Hypoxia in Term Infants
Authors: McIntosh Christine G. , Tonkin Shirley L. , Gunn Alistair Jan 
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE:To test the hypothesis that a foam plastic insert that allows the infant head to rest in a neutral position in sleep may prevent obstruction of the upper airway and thus reduce episodes of reduced oxygenation in term infants in car seats.METHODS:Healthy full-term babies were randomized to be studied during sleep while restrained in an infant car safety seat either with or without the insert, with continuous polysomnographic recordings with sleep video.RESULTS:Seventy-eight infants (39 in each group) had polysomnogram recordings at a mean of 8 days of age. Both groups showed a small fall in mean hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) over the first hour of sleep. There was no difference between insert and no insert in the rate of moderate desaturations (a fall in SpO2 ≥4% lasting for ≥10 seconds, mean ± SEM, 17.0 ± 1.5 vs 17.2 ± 1.5/hour), or mean SpO2 during sleep. The insert was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of obstructive apnea (0.3 ± 0.1 vs 0.9 ± 1.5/hour, P &lt; .03), the severity of desaturation events (minimum SpO2 82% ± 1% vs 74% ± 2%, P &lt; .001), and time with SpO2 &lt;85% (0.6% ± 0.3% vs 1.8% ± 1.4%, P = .03).CONCLUSIONS:In full-term newborn infants, a car seat insert that helps the head to lie in a neutral position was associated with reduced severity of desaturation events but not the overall rate of moderate desaturations.
Synthesis and properties of nanocoral ZnO structures
Authors: Borysiewicz Michał A. , Baranowska-Korczyc Anna , Ekielski Marek , Wzorek Marek , Dynowska Elżbieta , Wojciechowski Tomasz , Kamińska Eliana , Fronc Krzysztof , Elbaum Danek , Wojtowicz Tomasz , Piotrowska Anna 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTNanocoral ZnO structures are fabricated by means of reactive magnetron sputtering with post deposition annealing. The films are polycrystalline with highly developed surfaces. Their application for biosensing is presented in the extended-gate FET approach where a nanocoral gate electrode is used to sense the pH of the solution and then the presence of BSA molecules.
INFLUENCE OF THE PREPARATION ROUTE ON THE STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF SrTiO3 AND SrTiO3:Eu3+ POWDERS.
Authors: Gasparotto Gisele , Teixeira Guilhermina F. , Cebim Marco A. , Varela José A. , Perazolli Leinig A. , Zaghete Maria A. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThis research shows the influence of the synthesis route in the structural and morphological characteristics as well as in the luminescent properties of doped with europium and pure SrTiO3 (STO) powders prepared by microwave assisted hydrothermal synthesis, MWH, and by the polymeric precursor method, PPM. The XRD at room temperature of the STO powders nominally pure obtained by PPM at 700°C for 3 hours, as well as by the MWH at 190°C by 30 minutes present all the reflection peaks for the cubic perovskite structure (JCPDS-ICDD 35-734). The morphology varies according to the synthesis route. The particles of pure STO obtained by PPM presents morphology in the form of plates and the morphology of the particles synthesized by MWH is spherical with approximately 150 nm. The photoluminescent analysis shows for pure STO wide bands associated with the transition of charge transfer from the titanates group (TiO3)2- that are centered on 450 nm. In both preparation methods the emission bands obtained in the composites spectra were found to be asymmetric and low intense. However, in the case of the STO prepared by the PPM a bigger FWHM of the band can be observed. The excitation of the samples was done using a laser (Coherent Innova) with wavelength of 350 nm.
Increasing the efficiency of light-emitting electrochemical cells by limiting the exciton quenching
Authors: Tordera Daniel , Pertegás Antonio , Ortí Enrique , Bolink Henk J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTLight-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) are one of the simplest electroluminescent devices. The possibility to be processed from solution and to operate with air-stable materials makes them an attractive alternative to organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Still their efficiencies are below those obtained in OLEDs. Additionally the best efficiencies were reported at low luminances and sustained for a short period of time. Here we show that for a LEC employing an orange-emitting charged iridium complex that is driven using a pulsed driving scheme high efficiencies of up to 20.5 cd A-1 can be obtained at high luminance and sustained over the device lifetime. It is also shown that the efficiency depends strongly on the current density applied.
Enhanced visible-light absorption of mesoporous TiO2 by co-doping with transition-metal/nitrogen ions
Authors: Mathis J. E. , Bi Z. , Bridges C. A. , Kidder M. K. , Paranthaman M. P. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTTitanium (IV) oxide, TiO2, has been the object of intense scrutiny for energy applications. TiO2 is inexpensive, non-toxic, and has excellent corrosion resistance when exposed to electrolytes. A major drawback preventing the widespread use TiO2 for photolysis is its relatively large band gap of ∼3eV. Only light with wavelengths shorter than 400 nm, which is in the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum, has sufficient energy to be absorbed. Less than 14 percent of the solar irradiation reaching the earth’s surface has energy exceeding this band gap. Adding dopants such as transition metals has long been used to reduce the gap and increase photocatalytic activity by accessing the visible part of the solar spectrum. The degree to which the band gap is reduced using transition metals depends in part on the overlap of the d-orbitals of the transition metals with the oxygen p-orbitals. Therefore, doping with anions such as nitrogen to modify the cation-anion orbital overlap is another approach to reduce the gap. Recent studies suggest that using a combination of transition metals and nitrogen as dopants is more effective at introducing intermediate states within the band gap, effectively narrowing it. Here we report the synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 spheres, co-doped with transition metals and nitrogen that exhibit a nearly flat absorbance response across the visible spectrum extending into the near infrared.
Genomic Alterations in Advanced Esophageal Cancer May Lead to Subtype-Specific Therapies
Authors: Forde Patrick M. , Kelly Ronan J. 
Published: July 2013

Learning ObjectivesDescribe the current status of targeted therapy for esophageal cancer. Describe the molecular aberrations which are thought to drive the development and spread of esophageal cancer in order to identify promising targets for specific inhibition.
Nest survival of wild turkeys Meleagris gallopavo silvestris in a mixed‐use landscape: influences at nest‐site and patch scales
Authors: Fuller Angela K. , Spohr Shelley M. , Harrison Daniel J. , Servello Frederick A. 
Published: July 2013

Nest survival is a critical factor affecting avian demographics, and can be influenced by nesting chronology, fine scale nest‐site selection and broad‐scale landscape characteristics. We modeled the relative influences of nest age, temporal variation in nest success and habitat‐related covariates at two spatial scales (nest‐site and patch scale) on daily nest survival during incubation for eastern wild turkeys Meleagris gallopavo silvestris in a mixed‐use landscape. Daily survival rate of turkey nests during incubation increased as percent understory cover (vegetation < 1 m tall) increased and decreased with increasing density of woody shrubs and saplings and herbaceous stems < 1 m tall (understory vegetation density) around the nest. We suggest that nest survival may be dependent on a balance of sufficient understory cover around nests to provide concealment for hens and nests, but with understory vegetation density below levels that reduce the hen's ability to detect a predator or to escape after detecting a potential threat. The balance between sufficient understory cover and limited density of understory vegetation occurred where understory (< 1 m tall) cover exceeded 50% and understory vegetation density was < 25 stems/m2. Models that included variables related to the patch scale (e.g. fragmentation, edge and dominant land‐cover class in a patch) did not receive strong support, demonstrating the relative importance of finer scale nest‐site variables over patch‐scale variables in determining survival of wild turkey nests in our highly variable mixed‐use landscape.
The utility of auxiliary data in statistical population reconstruction
Authors: Clawson Michael V. , Skalski John R. , Millspaugh Joshua J. 
Published: July 2013

Although statistical population reconstruction (SPR) provides a flexible framework for estimating demographics of harvested populations using age‐at‐harvest data, that information alone is insufficient. Auxiliary data are needed to ensure all model parameters are estimable and to improve the precision and accuracy of the estimates. We examined the influence of two types of auxiliary information, independent estimates of annual abundance and annual harvest mortality from radio‐telemetry studies, on the stability and precision of abundance estimates from SPR. Further, we evaluated whether the timing of auxiliary studies in the reconstruction affected the precision of abundance estimates. Monte Carlo studies simulated auxiliary data with precision levels defined by the coefficients of variation (CV) of 0.05, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.50 corresponding to the three levels of precision suggested by Robson & Regier (1964) for accurate research, accurate management and rough management and a minimal information scenario. For comparable levels of precision, radio‐telemetry studies used to estimate harvest mortality stabilized the reconstructed population trends better than independent abundance surveys. However, independent abundance surveys were superior at improving the precision of reconstructed abundance estimates. We found that the timing of auxiliary studies did not influence the stability of SPR estimates, which has important implications for managers designing studies to collect auxiliary data. Our research highlights that different types and quality of auxiliary studies affects the precision and stability of SPR models differently.
Science, Religion, and Rationality: A Neo-Hegelian Approach
Authors: Fisch Menachem 
Published: July 2013

Abstract: The paper argues that identifying rational action with action undertaken for a reason yields Popper's well-known identification of rationality with criticism. However, it is also shown, pace Popper, to yield a strong form of normative framework dependency of the kind critical rationalists notoriously reject. But deeming rationality to be framework dependent, it argues further, raises the particularly exasperating problem of the very possibility of rational framework replacement. If the normative framework to which one is committed is presupposed in critical reasoning, how can one ever have normative reason to replace it? The first part of the paper briefly discusses the problem and some of the attempts to solve it, while arguing for an alternative approach. The second part, explores some of the consequences of adopting such an approach first for the historiography of scientific framework transitions, and finally for the theology of inter and intra-religious dialogue, with special reference to what might be termed the confrontational theology of the rabbinic literature of late antiquity.
Christian Rationality: Embracing the Divine Mystery
Authors: Fortin Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2013

Abstract: The postmodern criticism and overcoming of the modern canons and concepts of rationality and science have paved the way to a systematic reconsideration of the nature and status of faith and religion in relation to human reason. The present article proposes to reassess the relationship tying Christianity to rationality through the study of the Christian notion of mystery, which, being fundamental to both Christian faith and theology, undergirds the definition and practice of Christian theology, faith, and love. The Christian God's self-revelation to human beings in history is shown to fully preserve the divine holiness and transcendence: God is incommensurable to creaturely reason out of an excess, infinitude of intelligibility. Called by God to enter in an immediate and intimate relationship with their Creator and Redeemer, Christian believers undertake, following Jesus Christ as a guide and model, a spiritual journey that leads them to transcend human language and concepts. Progressively opening themselves to an absolutely transcendent form of rationality identifying with the divine, Christians are by God interiorly transformed and enabled to directly experience him in and through love. The Christian notion of mystery characterizes human reason's fundamental rootedness in, orientation to, and insertion within supernatural, divine intelligibility and freedom. The latter, despite always being historically active and manifest, can never be fully fathomed and embraced by human cognition.
“We shall look into it tomorrow”: Kierkegaard and the Art of Procrastination
Authors: Kingwell Mark 
Published: July 2013

Abstract: In this paper, I argue that procrastination must be construed as a kind of psychic conflict, specifically a conflict between first-order and second-order desires familiar from Plato's moral psychology as well as more recent philosophy of action, such as Harry Frankfurt's account of freedom of the will. On this view of procrastination, we can compare it to other kinds of first- and second-order conflict such as akrasia (weakness of the will), addiction, and boredom. Kierkegaard's thought offers a particularly urgent and ethically freighted analysis of the apparently banal experience of putting things off. The paper concludes with a suggestion of how these everyday instances of psychic conflict can lead us to philosophy—albeit philosophy considered as a particular kind of self-understanding.
Ecological factors influencing growth of the endangered Hawaiian fern Marsilea villosa (Marsileaceae) and implications for conservation management
Authors: Chau Marian M. , Reyes Whitney R. , Ranker Tom A. 
Published: July 2013

• Premise of the Study: Conserving endangered plants is a complex task, and practitioners must often use a “triage” approach, addressing only immediate needs. Ecologists can improve this process by conducting sound science upon which to base management. Marsilea villosa is an endangered, endemic Hawaiian fern with seven remaining populations in ephemerally flooding drylands. Among its uncommon traits are long‐lived sporocarps, requiring flood and drought to complete its sexual life cycle, and extensive vegetative growth.• Methods: We conducted a 3‐yr ecological field study, measuring percent cover of M. villosa and associated species, flooding depth, and canopy cover, to identify ecological factors with the greatest impact on M. villosa growth.• Key Results: Maximum flooding depth and canopy cover had strong positive relationships with M. villosa growth, and all plots with >50% threshold of either variable reached 100% cover of M. villosa by the end of the study. Interaction effects explained nuances of these relationships, including synergy between the two variables. Percent cover of nonnative functional groups (graminoids and nongraminoids) each had negative relationships with M. villosa growth, but interactions showed that nongraminoid cover was driven by particular species, and that time since flooding had greater influence on M. villosa growth than graminoid cover.• Conclusions: We recommend planting reintroduced populations in flood‐prone areas with moderate shade, experimental outplanting of native plants with M. villosa, and management of graminoids as a functional group, while nongraminoid management should be species‐specific. These practices will promote self‐sustaining populations and reduce the need for labor‐intensive management.
Genetic patterns of habitat fragmentation and past climate‐change effects in the Mediterranean high‐mountain plant Armeria caespitosa (Plumbaginaceae)
Authors: García‐Fernández Alfredo , Iriondo Jose M. , Escudero Adrián , Aguilar Javier Fuertes , Feliner Gonzalo Nieto 
Published: July 2013

• Premise of the Study: Mountain plants are among the species most vulnerable to global warming, because of their isolation, narrow geographic distribution, and limited geographic range shifts. Stochastic and selective processes can act on the genome, modulating genetic structure and diversity. Fragmentation and historical processes also have a great influence on current genetic patterns, but the spatial and temporal contexts of these processes are poorly known. We aimed to evaluate the microevolutionary processes that may have taken place in Mediterranean high‐mountain plants in response to changing historical environmental conditions.• Methods: Genetic structure, diversity, and loci under selection were analyzed using AFLP markers in 17 populations distributed over the whole geographic range of Armeria caespitosa, an endemic plant that inhabits isolated mountains (Sierra de Guadarrama, Spain). Differences in altitude, geographic location, and climate conditions were considered in the analyses, because they may play an important role in selective and stochastic processes.• Key Results: Bayesian clustering approaches identified nine genetic groups, although some discrepancies in assignment were found between alternative analyses. Spatially explicit analyses showed a weak relationship between genetic parameters and spatial or environmental distances. However, a large proportion of outlier loci were detected, and some outliers were related to environmental variables.• Conclusions: A. caespitosa populations exhibit spatial patterns of genetic structure that cannot be explained by the isolation‐by‐distance model. Shifts along the altitude gradient in response to Pleistocene climatic oscillations and environmentally mediated selective forces might explain the resulting structure and genetic diversity values found.
HMGB1 Levels Are Increased in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Correlate with Early Onset of Disease, and Are Independent of Disease Duration
Authors: Schierbeck Hanna , Pullerits Rille , Pruunsild Chris , Fischer Marie , Holzinger Dirk , Laestadius Åsa , Sundberg Erik , Harris Helena Erlandsson 
Published: July 2013

Objective.High mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) has been implicated as a mediator of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while its role in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has not been described. To evaluate the role of HMGB1 in the inflammatory process in JIA and its potential as a therapeutic target, we investigated whether extracellular HMGB1 is detectable in JIA and if so, to correlate the levels with established inflammatory markers and clinical measures.Methods.Matching samples of blood and synovial fluid (SF) were collected from 23 patients with JIA. Levels of HMGB1, soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, S100A12, myeloid-related protein 8/14, and other inflammatory mediators were analyzed.Results.Significantly increased HMGB1 levels were recorded in SF compared to blood samples from patients with JIA. The amount of HMGB1 was highest in patients with early disease onset irrespective of disease duration. In contrast, the proinflammatory S100 protein and interleukin 8 were highest in patients in early phases of disease. Matrix metalloproteinase-3, a marker of cartilage destruction, was higher in patients with late disease onset, indicating similarities with RA in that patient subgroup.Conclusion.Levels of extracellular HMGB1 are increased in the inflamed joints of patients with JIA. This warrants further studies of HMGB1 as a mediator of JIA pathogenesis as well as a biomarker for inflammatory activity and as a target for therapy. The variation in levels of HMGB1 and S100 proteins in relation to disease onset indicates a difference in inflammatory phenotype during disease progression.
Cinq sages et un ministre...Généalogie de la loi Evin
Authors: Berlivet Luc 
Published: July 2013

Dans un domaine faiblement approprié, notamment du fait de la faiblesse politique du groupe professionnel des médecins de santé publique, un groupe va parvenir à incarner, au tournant des années 1980-1990, la défense de « l’intérêt général » contre les « intérêts privés » et autres « lobbies ». Leur mobilisation aboutira à l’adoption d’une loi symbolique articulant, pour la première fois, les deux principaux « risques de santé » : le tabagisme, objet de la loi Veil, et l’alcoolisme, thème jugé bien plus périlleux encore (et ce avant même les démêlés de Mendès-France avec les « bouilleurs de cru »). « Groupe des sages » pour certains, « ayatollahs de l’hygiénisme » aux yeux d’autres, ce collectif né dans et pour l’action collective ne parviendra toutefois pas à s’instituer durablement.
Au Mexique, la mort suinte dans l’art. Teresa Margolles : quand l’œuvre saigne
Authors: Perrée Caroline 
Published: July 2013

En ce début de XXIe siècle, le Mexique est le théâtre d’une violence frénétique, sans borne et barbare. Guerre entre cartels de drogue et gouvernement, règlements de compte entre cartels, féminicide de Ciudad Juárez, la violence se décline sous toutes ses coutures et s’étend du Nord à l’ensemble du pays. La scène artistique contemporaine mexicaine se fait le reflet de cette violence tous azimuts et les arts plastiques s’interrogent sur la manière dont il faut la représenter pour la dénoncer. Teresa Margolles est l’une des artistes emblématiques de cette dénonciation parce qu’elle emprunte son vocabulaire plastique aux conséquences de cette violence : le corps assassiné. Son œuvre ne fait pas la part belle à une représentation visuelle de la violence, comme le fait la presse à sensation par une saturation d’images violentes. L’artiste crée chez son spectateur un malaise, qui frôle le dégoût, en utilisant le sang et la graisse humaine du corps mort, les draps et l’eau qui ont servi à le recouvrir et à le nettoyer. Matériaux bruts et matières premières de son travail, elle tisse par leur intermédiaire une esthétique de l’homicide qu’elle met en contact avec son public, afin de le toucher au sens propre comme au sens figuré.
Homo argentinus, homosexual, homo bellicum
Authors: Estrade Christian 
Published: July 2013

Desplazada por géneros más certeros, la non-fiction y el diario, la novela bélica parece perder calado en la ficción argentina. Sin embargo durante la guerra sucia, en tiempos de terrorismo de Estado y su postrimero e infame estertor, la guerra de Malvinas, se gestaron tres novelas de corte eminentemente bélico y de curiosa composición. Los Sorias de Alberto Laiseca, La guerre des pédés de Copi y Tadeys de Osvaldo Lamborghini se inscriben en estéticas disímiles aunque proponen relatos bélicos que dan de manera radical la espalda al referente histórico. Las tres obras de ficción ofrecen algo más que una lectura sesgada de la guerra, son parodias que llevan el lenguaje al límite, la razón a su expresión más absurda ; donde el horror se asemeja a lo grotesco y la tortura raya con lo cómico. Pero estas ficciones señalan, sobre todo, que ahí donde la razón produce monstruos la Literatura muestra que la única vía de liberación es la sexualidad.
Bernardo Monteagudo y la « América, que por desgracia se llamó antes española »
Authors: Jarak Diego A. 
Published: July 2013

En este articulo se busca reconstruir, a través de la lectura del Diálogo entre Atahualpa y Fernando VII en los Campos Elíseos de 1809, y del problema onomástico que allí se delinea respecto del término « América », el ambiente intelectual y social de la América Latina pre independentista tal y como este pudo ser percibido por una de sus voces mas significativas y por tanto, sino desconocidas, al menos poco estudiadas, como lo es la figura del argentino Bernardo Monteagudo.