bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PAIN OUT: an international acute pain registry supporting clinicians in decision making and in quality improvement activities
Authors: Zaslansky Ruth , Rothaug Judith , Chapman Richard C. , Backström Ragnar , Brill Silviu , Engel Christoph , Fletcher Dominique , Fodor Lucian , Funk Peter , Gordon Debra , Komann Marcus , Konrad Christoph , Kopf Andreas , Leykin Yigal , Pogatzki‐Zahn Esther , Puig Margarita , Rawal Narinder , Schwenkglenks Matthias , Taylor Rod S. , Ullrich Kristin , Volk Thomas , Yahiaoui‐Doktor Maryam , Meissner Winfried 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesManagement of post‐operative pain is unsatisfactory worldwide. An estimated 240 million patients undergo surgery each year. Forty to 60% of these patients report clinically significant pain. Discrepancy exists between availability of evidence‐based medicine (EBM)‐derived knowledge about management of perioperative pain and increased implementation of related practices versus lack of improvement in patient‐reported outcomes (PROs). We aimed to assist health care providers to optimize perioperative pain management by developing and validating a medical registry that measures variability in care, identifies best pain management practices and assists clinicians in decision making.MethodsPAIN OUT was established from 2009 to 2012 with funding from the European Commission. It now continues as a self‐sustaining, not‐for‐profit project, targeting health care professionals caring for patients undergoing surgery.ResultsThe growing registry includes data from 40 898 patients, 60 hospitals and 17 countries. Collaborators upload data (demographics, clinical, PROs) from patients undergoing surgery in their hospital/ward into an Internet‐based portal. Two modules make use of the data: (1) online, immediate feedback and benchmarking compares PROs across sites while offline analysis permits in‐depth analysis; and (2) the case‐based clinical decision support system offers practice‐based treatment recommendations for individual patients; it is available now as a prototype. The Electronic Knowledge Library provides succinct summaries on perioperative pain management, supporting knowledge transfer and application of EBM.ConclusionPAIN OUT, a large, growing international registry, allows use of ‘real‐life’ data related to management of perioperative pain. Ultimately, comparative analysis through audit, feedback and benchmarking will improve quality of care.
Masking Ability of Bi‐ and Tri‐ Laminate All‐Ceramic Veneers on Tooth‐Colored Ceramic Discs
Authors: Farhan Daniel , Sukumar Smitha , von Stein‐Lausnitz Axel , Aarabi Ghazal , Alawneh Ahmad , Reissmann Daniel R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractStatementA predictable esthetic outcome is imperative when placing ceramic veneers. Discolored teeth pose a major challenge as sufficient material thickness is required to achieve a good esthetic result. There is limited evidence in the literature that compares the masking ability of multi‐laminate veneers.PurposeThe aim of this in‐vitro study was to compare the masking ability of bi‐laminate (BL) and tri‐laminate (TL) all‐ceramic veneers cemented on tooth‐colored ceramic discs.Materials and MethodsA total of 40 veneers (shade A1, 10‐mm diameter, 0.8‐mm thick) were manufactured—20 BL veneers (0.4‐mm pressable ceramic coping veneered with 0.4‐mm thick enamel layer) and 20 TL veneers (0.4‐mm coping veneered with 0.2‐mm thick opaque interlayer and 0.2‐mm thick enamel layer). A bonding apparatus was utilized to adhesively cement all veneers on the ceramic discs (shade A1), simulating teeth of light and dark color. The resulting groups (N = 10 each) were the reference groups (shade A1 ceramic base) BL‐1 and TL‐1 veneers, and the test groups (shade A4 ceramic base) BL‐4 and TL‐4 veneers. The color of the cemented veneers was measured using a spectrophotometer. The data were converted to CIE L*a*b* coordinates, and ΔE* were calculated to allow for statistical analysis.ResultsThe color differences between the samples with the A1 and A4 ceramic bases were significantly lower when covered with TL veneers (mean ΔE*: 3.2 units) than with BL veneers (mean ΔE*: 4.0 units: p < 0.001), indicating a better masking ability of the TL veneers.ConclusionThe 0.8‐mm thick TL veneer was able to mask darker tooth‐colored ceramic disc within clinically acceptable limits.Clinical SignificanceIncreased understanding of the masking ability of ceramics and of color science is necessary in these esthetically aware times. Providing tri‐laminate veneers for darker colored teeth seems to result in more predictable esthetical results than when using bi‐laminate veneers. Patients with discolored/darker teeth may benefit from a more predictable esthetic result when teeth restored with tri‐laminate rather than bi‐laminate veneers.
Speculative Accumulation: Property‐Making in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Campbell Jeremy M. 
Published: July 2014

ResumoEste artigo explora como os assentados não‐indígenas na Amazônia brasileira adotam estratégias territoriais com o intento de tornar legíveis e legítimas suas propriedades de acordo aos parâmetros das novas reformas governamentais. Na Amazônia, representações oficiais para o desenvolvimento da região são inúmeras ao longo das últimas cinco décadas, estabelecendo uma série de procedimentos contraditórios para reivindicar, manter e dispor da propriedade. Etnografia revela que os colonos tratam como recursos estratégicos a história ambígua da posse e também a sua familiaridade com a terra. Querendo parecer acatar uma possível reforma da situação fundiária, os colonos se envolvem em uma forma de acumulação especulativa: não se trata de uma acumulação de territórios como tal, porem dos meios para defender ou ampliar uma futura reivindicação de terras. Permanecer viá velem um sistema emergente de governança faz com que os colonos busquem uma variedade de práticas discursivas e materiais surpreendentes.
Las fronteras del sabor: Taste as Consciousness, Kinship, and Space in the Mexico–U.S. Borderlands
Authors: Pérez Ramona Lee 
Published: July 2014

ResumenInformada por teorías sobre corporeización, investigaciones regionales sobre el parentesco, y nociones del espacio social, este artículo presenta un modelo etnográfico del sabor. Más que el ejercicio práctico de la ideología doméstica, el sabor influye la mentalidad, la sociabilidad y la espacialidad. Es una conciencia sensual centrada en gozar, aprender y compartir. Como una intervención epistemológica, se desestabiliza al concepto de gusto como racional y fijo y se lo reubica como encarnado y personal y aun así social y dinámico. El parentesco es el modo primario para la construcción del sabor; de este modo, las madres, hermanas, hijas, nueras, vecinas y amigas son socias en el ciclo de cuidado familiar y la búsqueda del sabor. Además, mientras se subvierten las divisiones sociales y espaciales entre cuerpo y mente, doméstico y público, local y global, el sabor se abre el camino para repensar las nociones del espacio social y sus fronteras.
Soil Science, Development, and the “Elusive Nature” of Colombia's Amazonian Plains
Authors: Lyons Kristina Marie 
Published: July 2014

ResumenDesde el 2000, la gobernanza y capacidad productiva de los suelos Amazónicos surge como un asunto político en la “Guerra contra las Drogas” de EEUU‐Colombia. Los científicos estatales son convocados a producir una entidad clasificable cuya definición depende de sus cualidades productivas: un “buen suelo” es robustamente productivo, orientado al mercado, y una entidad perfectible mediante la acción humana. No obstante, agricultores en el departamento del Putumayo realizan prácticas materiales donde los suelos son menos un objeto que un enredo de relaciones propagadoras de vida. Desde una perspectiva etnográfica en fincas y laboratorios, este artículo reflexiona sobre cómo las prácticas ‘científicas’ y ‘locales’ con los suelos pueden (o no) posicionarse en simetría. Los suelos Amazónicos no solo cuestionan los sistemas de clasificación del Estado y sus agentes humanos, sino que revelan límites a los imperativos del desarrollo donde la ‘producción’ está basada en una profunda división entre ‘naturaleza’ y ‘cultura’.
Amphetamine potency varies with dopamine uptake rate across striatal subregions
Authors: Siciliano Cody A. , Calipari Erin S. , Jones Sara R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAmphetamine is a central nervous system psychostimulant with a high potential for abuse. Recent literature has shown that genetic and drug‐induced elevations in dopamine transporter (DAT) expression augment the neurochemical and behavioral potency of psychostimulant releasers. However, it remains to be determined if the well‐documented differences in DAT levels across striatal regions drive regionally distinct amphetamine effects within individuals. DAT levels and dopamine uptake rates have been shown to follow a gradient in the striatum, with the highest levels in the dorsal regions and lowest levels in the nucleus accumbens shell; thus, we hypothesized that amphetamine potency would follow this gradient. Using fast scan cyclic voltammetry in mouse brain slices, we examined DAT inhibition and changes in exocytotic dopamine release by amphetamine across four striatal regions (dorsal and ventral caudate‐putamen, nucleus accumbens core and shell). Consistent with our hypothesis, amphetamine effects at the DAT and on release decreased across regions from dorsal to ventral, and both measures of potency were highly correlated with dopamine uptake rates. Separate striatal subregions are involved in different aspects of motivated behaviors, such as goal‐directed and habitual behaviors, that become dysregulated by drug abuse, making it critically important to understand regional differences in drug potencies.
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Amphetamine is a central nervous system psychostimulant with a high potential for abuse, which may be augmented by increased dopamine transporter (DAT) expression. We here show that the ability of amphetamine to inhibit dopamine (DA) transport and deplete dopamine vesicles increases in a graded manner across striatal subregions from ventral to dorsal with the greatest effects on DA neurotransmission in the dorsal caudate‐putamen. Additionally, DA uptake rate and amphetamine potency positively correlated, suggesting that differences across regions result from disparate DA transporter levels.
Acute stress delays brain mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening
Authors: Batandier Cécile , Poulet Laurent , Hininger Isabelle , Couturier Karine , Fontaine Eric , Roussel Anne‐Marie , Canini Frédéric 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSince emotional stress elicits brain activation, mitochondria should be a key component of stressed brain response. However, few studies have focused on mitochondria functioning in these conditions. In this work, we aimed to determine the effects of an acute restraint stress on rat brain mitochondrial functions, with a focus on permeability transition pore (PTP) functioning. Rats were divided into two groups, submitted or not to an acute 30‐min restraint stress (Stress, S‐group, vs. Control, C‐group). Brain was removed immediately after stress. Mitochondrial respiration and enzymatic activities (complex I, complex II, hexokinase) were measured. Changes in PTP opening were assessed by the Ca2+retention capacity. Cell signaling pathways relevant to the coupling between mitochondria and cell function (adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta,MAPK, andcGMP/NO) were measured. The effect of glucocorticoids was also assessedin vitro. Stress delayed (43%) the opening ofPTPand resulted in a mild inhibition of complex I respiratory chain. This inhibition was associated with significant stress‐induced changes in adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway without changes in braincGMPlevel. In contrast, glucocorticoids did not modifyPTPopening. These data suggest a rapid adaptive mechanism of brain mitochondria in stressed conditions, with a special focus onPTPregulation.imageIn a rat model of acute restraint stress, we observed substantial changes in brain mitochondria functioning. Stress significantly (i) delays (43%) the opening of permeability transition pore (PTP) by the calcium (Ca2+), its main inductor and (ii) results in an inhibition of complex I in electron transport chain associated with change in AMPK signaling pathway. These data suggest an adaptive mechanism of brain mitochondria in stressed condition, with a special focus on PTP regulation.
Melatonin reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and preserves sirtuin 1 expression in neuronal cells of newborn rats after hypoxia–ischemia
Authors: Carloni Silvia , Albertini Maria Cristina , Galluzzi Luca , Buonocore Giuseppe , Proietti Fabrizio , Balduini Walter 
Published: July 2014

AbstractConditions that interfere with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions cause accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen, referred to as ER stress, and activate a homeostatic signaling network known as unfolded protein response (UPR). We have previously shown that in neonatal rats subjected to hypoxia–ischemia (HI), melatonin administration significantly reduces brain damage. This study assessed whether attenuation of ER stress is involved in the neuroprotective effect of melatonin after neonatal HI. We found that the UPR was strongly activated after HI. Melatonin significantly reduced the neuron splicing of XBP‐1 mRNA, the increased phosphorylation of eIF2α, and elevated expression of chaperone proteins GRP78 and Hsp70 observed after HI in the brain. CHOP, which plays a convergent role in the UPR, was reduced as well. Melatonin also completely prevented the depletion of SIRT‐1 induced by HI, and this effect was observed in the same neurons that over‐express CHOP. These results demonstrate that melatonin reduces ER stress induced by neonatal HI and preserves SIRT‐1 expression, suggesting that SIRT‐1, due to its action in the modulation of a wide variety of signaling pathways involved in neuroprotection, may play a key role in the reduction of ER stress and neuroprotection observed after melatonin.
Melatonin prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Teodoro Bruno G. , Baraldi Flavia G. , Sampaio Igor H. , Bomfim Lucas H. M. , Queiroz André L. , Passos Madla A. , Carneiro Everardo M. , Alberici Luciane C. , Gomis Ramon , Amaral Fernanda G. , Cipolla‐Neto José , Araújo Michel B. , Lima Tanes , Akira Uyemura Sérgio , Silveira Leonardo R. , Vieira Elaine 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMelatonin has a number of beneficial metabolic actions and reduced levels of melatonin may contribute to type 2 diabetes. The present study investigated the metabolic pathways involved in the effects of melatonin on mitochondrial function and insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle. The effect of melatonin was tested both in vitro in isolated rats skeletal muscle cells and in vivo using pinealectomized rats (PNX). Insulin resistance was induced in vitro by treating primary rat skeletal muscle cells with palmitic acid for 24 hr. Insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake was reduced by palmitic acid followed by decreased phosphorylation of AKT which was prevented my melatonin. Palmitic acid reduced mitochondrial respiration, genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and the levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates whereas melatonin counteracted all these parameters in insulin‐resistant cells. Melatonin treatment increases CAMKII and p‐CREB but had no effect on p‐AMPK. Silencing of CREB protein by siRNA reduced mitochondrial respiration mimicking the effect of palmitic acid and prevented melatonin‐induced increase in p‐AKT in palmitic acid‐treated cells. PNX rats exhibited mild glucose intolerance, decreased energy expenditure and decreased p‐AKT, mitochondrial respiration, and p‐CREB and PGC‐1 alpha levels in skeletal muscle which were restored by melatonin treatment in PNX rats. In summary, we showed that melatonin could prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance via activation of CREB‐PGC‐1 alpha pathway. Thus, the present work shows that melatonin play an important role in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function which could explain some of the beneficial effects of melatonin in insulin resistance states.
Passive Immunity Stimulated by Vaccination of Dry Cows with aSalmonellaBacterial Extract
Authors: Smith G.W. , Alley M.L. , Foster D.M. , Smith F. , Wileman B.W. 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundDiarrhea because ofSalmonellainfection is a cause of neonatal calf diarrhea. The stimulation of passive immunity in the calf by vaccinating the dam forSalmonellahas shown some success in previous studies; however, there are no data on the use of currently licensed vaccines in theUnitedStates.ObjectiveTo determine whether vaccinating cows at dry‐off with a commercially availableSalmonellabacterial extract would stimulateSalmonella‐specific antibodies in the colostrum of cows at calving and whether these antibodies would be transferred to the calf.AnimalsSixty Holstein cattle and 59 calves from a herd presumed to be naïve toSalmonella.MethodsProspective clinical trial. Thirty cows were vaccinated at dry‐off with aSalmonella entericaserovarNewport bacterial extract and again 4 weeks later. An additional 30 cows received only saline. Calves fed fresh colostrum from their dam within 4 hours of birth had blood collected 24 hours later.ResultsVaccinated cattle had increasedSalmonellaNewport antibody titers at calving in blood (P = .01) and colostrum (P = .011). Calves that received colostrum from vaccinated cattle also had significant increase inSalmonellaantibodies (1.04 ± 0.03) as compared to calves born to unvaccinated cows (0.30 ± 0.02).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe results indicate that the use of a commercially availableSalmonellavaccine can stimulate antibodies that are passed on to the calf via colostral transfer. Further studies need to be done to determine whether these antibodies will offer protection againstSalmonellachallenge.
An Interpretation and Extension of Sellars's Views on the Epistemic Status of Philosophical Propositions
Authors: Christias Dionysis 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article examines Wilfrid Sellars's views on the epistemic status of philosophical propositions. It suggests that according to Sellars philosophical propositions are normative and practically oriented. They do not form a theory for the description of reality; their function is, rather, that of motivating actions which aim at changing reality. The article argues that the role of philosophical propositions can be illuminated if they are understood as a special kind of (proposed) “material” rules of inference, provided that the latter are construed as being firmly entrenched in practice. To this end, a distinction between “theoretical” and “practical” anomalies is drawn to better elucidate—and in some cases criticize and further expand—Sellars's position on the relation between the theoretical and practical dimensions of philosophical activity. In this connection, the Weberian notion of the “disenchantment of the world” is used to throw light on the relation between these two dimensions.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Philosophy
Authors: Higgins Andrew , Dyschkant Alexis 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMany philosophers would, in theory, agree that the methods and tools of philosophy ought to be supplemented by those of other academic disciplines. In practice, however, the sociological data suggest that most philosophers fail to engage or collaborate with other academics, and this article argues that this is problematic for philosophy as a discipline. In relation to the value of interdisciplinary collaboration, the article highlights how experimental philosophers can benefit the field, but only insofar as they draw from the distinctive methods of philosophy and overcome the charge of “amateur psychology” by more consistently collaborating with the scientists they seek to emulate. It concludes that philosophers ought to collaborate with other academics in order to gain an experience‐based understanding of the methods of other disciplines in addition to an understanding of the content of these disciplines.
ClpXP and ClpAP proteolytic activity on divisome substrates is differentially regulated following the Caulobacter asymmetric cell division
Authors: Williams Brandon , Bhat Nowsheen , Chien Peter , Shapiro Lucy 
Published: July 2014

SummaryProteolytic control of Caulobacter cell cycle proteins is primarily executed by ClpXP, a dynamically localized protease implicated in turnover of several factors critical for faithful cell cycle progression. Here, we show that the transient midcell localization of ClpXP that precedes cytokinesis requires the FtsZ component of the divisome. Although ClpAP does not exhibit subcellular localization, FtsZ is a substrate of both ClpXP and ClpAP in vivo and in vitro. A peptide containing the C‐terminal portion of the FtsA divisome protein is a substrate of both ClpXP and ClpAP in vitro but is primarily degraded by ClpAP in vivo. Caulobacter carries out an asymmetric division in which FtsZ and FtsA are stable in stalked cells but degraded in the non‐replicative swarmer cell where ClpAP alone degrades FtsA and both ClpAP and ClpXP degrade FtsZ. While asymmetric division in Caulobacter normally yields larger stalked and smaller swarmer daughters, we observe a loss of asymmetric size distribution among daughter cells when clpA is depleted from a strain in which FtsZ is constitutively produced. Taken together, these results suggest that the activity of both ClpXP and ClpAP on divisome substrates is differentially regulated in daughter cells.
Fatal Cryptococcus gattii genotype AFLP6/VGII infection in a HIV‐negative patient: case report and a literature review
Authors: Favalessa Olivia Cometti , Lázera Márcia dos Santos , Wanke Bodo , Trilles Luciana , Takahara Doracilde Terumi , Tadano Tomoko , Dias Luciana Basili , Vieira Ananda Castro , Novack Glaúcia Vanessa , Hahn Rosane Christine 
Published: July 2014

SummaryCryptococcus gattii, a species belonging to the Cryptococcus complex which occurs endemically in tropical and subtropical regions, has been reported as a causative agent of cryptococcosis in healthy individuals. We report a case of meningitis in HIV‐negative patient from Cuiaba, MT, in the Midwestern region of Brazil. Cryptococcus gattii AFLP6/VGII was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and molecular typing was performed by URA5‐RFLP. The in vitro susceptibility profile was determined using the standard method according to the document M27A3, CLSI 2008. C. gattii AFLP6/VGII was shown to be susceptible to the antifungals tested. Treatment with 0.8 mg/kg of amphotericin B was initiated; however, the patient died 2 days after the onset of therapy.