bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Variation in the Physiological Responses in Largemouth Bass following Small Club Angling Tournaments
Authors: VanLandeghem Matthew M. , Wahl David H. , Suski Cory D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSublethal physiological disturbances and mortality were quantified in Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides subjected to small, club‐style angling tournaments (<30 teams) held at two central Illinois lakes. Between April and October, physiological disturbances were assessed in four tournaments at Lake Bloomington, and mortality was assessed in four tournaments at Evergreen Lake. Indicators of physiological disturbances were evident in Largemouth Bass following club angling tournaments, with some temporal variation in responses. Plasma glucose concentrations increased in tournament‐caught fish relative to reference fish in all months, except during October, when glucose concentrations did not change; plasma cortisol values among tournament fish also were lowest during October. Plasma potassium levels decreased only in April, whereas chloride levels were unaffected by tournaments. Sodium concentrations varied across months, but the magnitude of tournament‐induced decreases were similar across all months. Whole‐blood hemoglobin was lowest in May, and although hematocrit significantly decreased in tournament‐caught fish in May, it remained unchanged in other months. Lactate increases occurred during all tournaments and were of similar magnitudes even though water temperatures ranged from 15.7°C to 27.6°C. Small, yet significant, temporal differences were observed in plasma sodium and in whole‐blood hemoglobin concentrations from reference fish collected in each month via electrofishing, which indicated temporal changes in baseline values for some parameters. Mortality at tournaments was low (<5%) and did not appear to vary across months. Our results suggest that physiological responses of Largemouth Bass to small, club‐style tournaments can vary temporally and are similar to those sustained during professional tournaments, even if mortality rates are generally low.
Modeling Prey Consumption by Native and Nonnative Piscivorous Fishes: Implications for Competition and Impacts on Shared Prey in an Ultraoligotrophic Lake in Patagonia
Authors: Juncos Romina , Beauchamp David A. , Vigliano Pablo H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe examined trophic interactions of the nonnative salmonids Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Brown Trout Salmo trutta, and Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalisand the main native predator Creole Perch Percichthys trucha in Lake Nahuel Huapi (Patagonia, Argentina) to determine the relative impact of each predator on their forage base and to evaluate the potential vulnerability of each predator to competitive impacts by the others. Using bioenergetics simulations, we demonstrated the overall importance of galaxiids and decapods to the energy budgets of nonnative salmonids and Creole Perch. Introduced salmonids, especially Rainbow Trout, exerted considerably heavier predatory demands on shared resources than did the native Creole Perch on both a per capita basis and in terms of relative population impacts. Rainbow Trout consumed higher quantities and a wider size range of Small Puyen (also known as Inanga) Galaxias maculatus than the other predators, including early pelagic life stages of that prey; as such, this represents an additional source of mortality for the vulnerable early life stages of Small Puyen before and during their transition from pelagic to benthic habitats. All predators were generally feeding at high feeding rates (above 40% of their maximum physiological rates), suggesting that competition for prey does not currently limit either Creole Perch or the salmonids in this lake. This study highlights the importance of keystone prey for the coexistence of native species with nonnative top predators. It provides new quantitative and qualitative evidence of the high predation pressure exerted on Small Puyen, the keystone prey species, during the larval to juvenile transition from pelagic to littoral‐benthic habitat in Patagonian lakes. This study also emphasizes the importance of monitoring salmonid and Creole Perch population dynamics in order to detect signs of potential impacts through competition and shows the need to carefully consider the rationale behind any additional trout stocking.
Reproductive Biology of the Tiger Grouper in the Southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Caballero‐Arango Doralice , Brulé Thierry , Nóh‐Quiñones Virginia , Colás‐Marrufo Teresa , Pérez‐Díaz Esperanza 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDespite its commercial importance and high vulnerability to fishing impact, little is known about the reproductive biology of the Tiger GrouperMycteroperca tigris, an aggregative spawner. We studied the key reproductive parameters of this species in the southern Gulf of Mexico, where the grouper fishery is generally in decline. The smallest mature female measured 31.4 cm FL, and length at which maturity was attained in 50% of females (L50) was 34.2 cm FL. Tiger Grouper are protogynous hermaphrodites, and the estimated length at which 50% of females had changed sex was 51.9 cm FL. Spawning season lasted from February to June, with a spawning peak observed in April. Most of the actively spawning females were collected 7–14 d after the full moon in April and May. Females exhibited continuous, asynchronous oocyte development and batch release of mature oocytes. During April–June, estimated spawning interval varied monthly from 1.8 to 4.3 d (mean = 2 d). Due to the species’ indeterminate fecundity, we estimated batch fecundity, which ranged from 84,119 to 1,032,578 oocytes (mean ± SE = 417,102 ± 34,826 oocytes). Conservation status of the Tiger Grouper in its distribution area is currently unclear. Based on the observed maximum sizes for both sexes and the size of sexual transition, the southern Gulf of Mexico Tiger Grouper population may be healthier than some Caribbean Sea populations. Current and potential measures for regulating this fishery resource in the southern Gulf of Mexico are discussed.
Environmental Constraints on Piscivory: Insights from Linking Ultrasonic Telemetry to a Visual Foraging Model for Cutthroat Trout
Authors: Hansen Adam G. , Beauchamp David A. , Baldwin Casey M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractManagement of pelagic food webs under a shifting climate requires an understanding of how behavior, physiological tolerance, and the environment interact to mediate the foraging rates of consumers. However, analyses that treat each of these factors explicitly in a framework that captures interdependencies are lacking. We linked a visual foraging model and bioenergetics simulations with ultrasonic telemetry to mechanistically evaluate how stressful abiotic conditions (high temperature and low dissolved oxygen) influenced the foraging success of piscivorous Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii feeding on juvenile salmonids in Strawberry Reservoir, Utah. Our primary objectives were to (1) determine whether the foraging success of apex predators changes during periods of environmental stress and (2) identify the behavioral mechanisms that either lead to or buffer against shifts in foraging success. During early and mid‐August, high epilimnetic temperatures and low hypolimnetic oxygen levels generated divergent diel vertical distributions between predators and prey. Consequently, encounters with prey were restricted to crepuscular or early morning periods, and the potential foraging success of the piscivores was reduced by 53–98%. Conversely, predator–prey overlap increased considerably when the reservoir was destratified during October, allowing the piscivores to achieve up to 98% of their maximum predation rate. Comparison of encounter and predation rate estimates from the visual foraging model with estimates of fish consumption from a bioenergetics model indicated that prey capture success was higher for piscivores during low‐light periods. Therefore, as periods of stress impose constraints on the distribution of pelagic fishes, the magnitude of piscivory will depend on the resulting temporal–spatial overlap of predators and prey in complex ways. This study demonstrates how dynamic environmental conditions can mediate foraging success of piscivores and predation risk for prey.
Comparison of Detection Efficiency among Three Sizes of Half-Duplex Passive Integrated Transponders Using Manual Tracking and Fixed Antenna Arrays
Authors: Burnett Nicholas J. , Stamplecoskie Keith M. , Thiem Jason D. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
We compared detection efficiency for three lengths (12, 23 and 32 mm) of half-duplex (HDX) passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags for both manual tracking and fixed array applications. In a stream we used a wand-type manual tracking antenna and determined that detection efficiency was considerably influenced by tag size (i.e., 20% for 12 mm, 43% for 23 mm, and 81% for 32 mm) and water depth. Vertical and horizontal read range also varied among tag sizes (lower for smaller tags) and orientation (12-mm and 23-mm tags oriented perpendicularly failed to read in the horizontal test). Using a fixed PIT array, we also compared the detection efficiency of the same three sizes of PIT tags in Shorthead Redhorse Moxostoma macrolepidotum released into a fishway. Again, detection efficiency increased with tag size: 12 mm = 55.8 ± 9.2% (mean ± SE), 23 mm = 91.0 ± 1.8%, and 32 mm = 97.0 ± 1.5%. When using PIT telemetry on smaller fish species and/or life stages, we suggest that researchers consider the tag size, as the diminished detection efficiency of 12-mm tags could introduce a bias and impede the ability to address some research questions.
Received July 11, 2012; accepted September 20, 2012
Decomposition and Arthropod Succession in Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, Canada
Authors: Bygarski Katherine , LeBlanc Helene N. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractForensic arthropod succession patterns are known to vary between regions. However, the northern habitats of the globe have been largely left unstudied. Three pig carcasses were studied outdoors in Whitehorse, Yukon Territory. Adult and immature insects were collected for identification and comparison. The dominant Diptera and Coleoptera species at all carcasses were Protophormia terraneovae (R‐D) (Fam: Calliphoridae) and Thanatophilus lapponicus (Herbst) (Fam: Silphidae), respectively. Rate of decomposition, patterns of Diptera and Coleoptera succession, and species dominance were shown to differ from previous studies in temperate regions, particularly as P. terraenovae showed complete dominance among blowfly species. Rate of decomposition through the first four stages was generally slow, and the last stage of decomposition was not observed at any carcass due to time constraints. It is concluded that biogeoclimatic range has a significant effect on insect presence and rate of decomposition, making it an important factor to consider when calculating a postmortem interval.
A Comparison of Solvent Extract Cleanup Procedures in the Analysis of Organic Explosives
Authors: DeTata David A. , Collins Peter A. , McKinley Allan J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe use of an organic solvent to extract explosive residues from hand swabs and postblast debris inevitably leads to the coextraction of unwanted materials, usually in far greater quantities than any explosive residue. In this study, the extraction efficiency of a number of solvent cleanup procedures including solid‐phase extraction (SPE), adsorbent resins such as Chromosorb‐104, and traditional materials such as silica and Florisil was calculated using a quantitative liquid chromatography–ultraviolet (LC‐UV) detection procedure. The Oasis®HLB cartridge outperformed other cleanup procedures, with analyte recoveries approaching 95%, while the AmberliteXAD‐7 procedure returned the lowest overall recoveries. The matrix rejection ability of each method was then determined using a simulated highly contaminated matrix, with the adsorbent resins showing a higher degree of matrix rejection, which is seen as a reduction in background noise in theUVchromatogram using 210 nm detection.
The Influence of Swabbing Solutions on DNA Recovery from Touch Samples,
Authors: Thomasma Sarah M. , Foran David R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThere has been minimal research into how to best obtain DNA from touch samples. Many forensic laboratories simply moisten a swab with water and use it for collecting cells/DNA from evidentiary samples. However, this and other methods have not been objectively studied in order to maximize DNA yields. In this study, fingerprints were collected using swabs moistened with water or laboratory or commercially available detergents, including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Triton X‐100, Tween 20, Formula 409®, and Simple Green®. Prints were swabbed, DNA isolated using an organic extraction, yields quantified, and relative yields compared. In all cases, the detergent‐based swabbing solutions outperformed water, with SDS and Triton X‐100 producing significant increases in yield. Short tandem repeat profiles were consistent with the individuals that placed them. Subsequent analysis of SDS concentrations for collecting touch DNA demonstrated an increase in DNA yield with increasing SDS concentration, with an optimal concentration of approximately 2%.
Enhancing the Visibility of Injuries with Narrow‐Banded Beams of Light within the Visible Light Spectrum
Authors: Limmen Roxane M. , Ceelen Manon , Reijnders Udo J.L. , Joris Stomp S. , de Keijzer Koos C. , Das Kees 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe use of narrow‐banded visible light sources in improving the visibility of injuries has been hardly investigated, and studies examining the extent of this improvement are lacking. In this study, narrow‐banded beams of light within the visible light spectrum were used to explore their ability in improving the visibility of external injuries. The beams of light were induced by four crime‐lites®providing narrow‐banded beams of light between 400 and 550 nm. The visibility of the injuries was assessed through specific long‐pass filters supplied with the set of crime‐lites®. Forty‐three percent of the examined injuries improved in visibility by using the narrow‐banded visible light. In addition, injuries were visualized that were not visible or just barely visible to the naked eye. The improvements in visibility were particularly marked with the use of crime‐lites®“violet” and “blue” covering the spectrum between 400–430 and 430–470 nm. The simple noninvasive method showed a great potential contribution in injury examination.
The seven deadly sins of DNA barcoding
Authors: Collins R. A. , Cruickshank R. H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDespite the broad benefits that DNA barcoding can bring to a diverse range of biological disciplines, a number of shortcomings still exist in terms of the experimental design of studies incorporating this approach. One underlying reason for this lies in the confusion that often exists between species discovery and specimen identification, and this is reflected in the way that hypotheses are generated and tested. Although these aims can be associated, they are quite distinct and require different methodological approaches, but their conflation has led to the frequently inappropriate use of commonly used analytical methods such as neighbour‐joining trees, bootstrap resampling and fixed distance thresholds. Furthermore, the misidentification of voucher specimens can also have serious implications for end users of reference libraries such as the Barcode of Life Data Systems, and in this regard we advocate increased diligence in the a priori identification of specimens to be used for this purpose. This commentary provides an assessment of seven deficiencies that we identify as common in the DNA barcoding literature, and outline some potential improvements for its adaptation and adoption towards more reliable and accurate outcomes.
Primary anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the lung presenting with acute atelectasis
Authors: Han Sang Hoon , Maeng Young Hee , Kim Young Sill , Jo Jae Min , Kwon Jung Mi , Kim Woo Kun , Kim Mi Ok 
Published: December 2012

AbstractNon‐Hodgkin lymphoma only rarely occurs as a primary lung mass. We report a very rare case of primary pulmonary anaplastic large cell lymphoma presenting with acute atelectasis in a 55‐year‐old man. Chest computed tomography revealed a consolidated central mass in the left lung with obstructive pneumonia that had developed into total atelectasis. After a bronchoscopic examination failed to yield a definite diagnosis, supraclavicular lymph node biopsy was performed, revealing an anaplastic large cell lymphoma. This case illustrates the need for rapidly locating a possible biopsy site, other than the primary lung mass itself, and the value of empirical steroid treatment for avoiding devastating exacerbation when aggressive pulmonary lymphoma is suspected.
Dynamics of the Cognitive Procedural Learning in Alcoholics with Korsakoff's Syndrome
Authors: Beaunieux Hélène , Pitel Anne L. , Witkowski Thomas , Vabret François , Viader Fausto , Eustache Francis 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundWhile procedures acquired before the development of amnesia are likely to be preserved in alcoholic patients with Korsakoff's syndrome, the ability of Korsakoff patients (KS) to learn new cognitive procedures is called in question. According to the Adaptive Control of Thoughts model, learning a new cognitive procedure requires highly controlled processes in the initial cognitive phase, which may be difficult for KS with episodic and working memory deficits. The goals of the present study were to examine the learning dynamics of KS compared with uncomplicated alcoholic patients (AL) and control subjects (CS) and to determine the contribution of episodic and working memory abilities in cognitive procedural learning performance.MethodsFourteen KS, 15 AL, and 15 CS were submitted to 40 trials (4 daily learning sessions) of the Tower of Toronto task (disk‐transfer task similar to the tower of Hanoi task) as well as episodic and working memory tasks.ResultsThe 10 KS who were able to perform the cognitive procedural learning task obtained lower results than both CS and AL. The cognitive phase was longer in the Korsakoff's syndrome group than in the other 2 groups but did not differ between the 3 groups any more when episodic memory abilities were controlled.ConclusionsOur results indicate that KS have impaired cognitive procedural learning abilities compared with both AL and CS. Episodic memory deficits observed in KS result in a delayed transition from the cognitive learning phase to more advanced learning phases and, as a consequence, in an absence of automation of the procedure within 40 trials.
Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Among U.S.–Mexico Border and Non‐Border Mexican Americans
Authors: Caetano Raul , Vaeth Patrice A. C. , A. Mills Britain , Rodriguez Lori A. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundThis paper examines the prevalence, the symptom profile, and the drinking and sociodemographic predictors of current (past 12 months) DSM‐IV alcohol abuse and dependence among Mexican Americans living along the U.S.–Mexico border and those living in metropolitan areas away from the border.MethodsRespondents in the non‐border areas (primarily Houston and Los Angeles) constitute a multistage probability sample (N = 1,288) of these areas, interviewed as part of the 2006 Hispanic Americans Baseline Alcohol Survey (HABLAS). Respondents in the border area (N = 1,307) constitute a household probability sample of Mexican Americans living on the border. In both surveys, data were collected during computer‐assisted interviews conducted in respondents' homes. The HABLAS and the border sample response rates were 76 and 67%, respectively.ResultsAlthough bivariate analyses revealed no overall differences between border and non‐border locations, (negative) age trends were more pronounced on the border for male abuse and for dependence among both genders. Among females aged 18 to 29, border residence was linked to significantly higher rates of dependence. In multivariable analyses, the prevalence of male abuse declined more rapidly with age on the border than off the border. Other unique predictors of male abuse were Jewish/other religion and weekly volume of alcohol consumption. Being married or out of the workforce, attaining a higher education, having no religious preference, and weekly volume uniquely predicted female dependence. Age and weekly volume uniquely predicted male dependence.ConclusionsThe prevalence of alcohol use disorders among Mexican Americans on and off the U.S.–Mexico border largely mirrors previously documented patterns of alcohol consumption in these areas. For young Mexican American women in particular, border residence is linked to heightened vulnerability to alcohol dependence.
Do Young Adults Interpret the DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Alcohol Use Disorders as Intended? A Cognitive Interviewing Study
Authors: Slade Tim , Teesson Maree , Mewton Louise , Memedovic Sonja , Krueger Robert F. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundEstimates of the prevalence of DSM‐IV alcohol use disorders (AUD; i.e., abuse and dependence) are consistently higher for younger adults compared with their older counterparts. However, questions remain as to whether this “youthful epidemic” of AUD is real or a methodological artifact of the prevailing classification criteria. The aim of the current study was to explore potential shortcomings in the AUD criteria when applied to young adults.MethodsExperts in the field of substance use disorder classification carried out standardized appraisal of 4 DSM‐IV diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse/dependence (hazard, tolerance, larger/longer, quit/cut down). Cross‐sectional surveys of 100 young adult drinkers aged 18 to 24 were carried out. All participants were administered a structured diagnostic interview as well as a structured cognitive interview. The cognitive interviews were comprised of a set of predetermined and standardized probe questions designed to shed light on young adults' understanding of interview questions designed to tap the AUD diagnostic criteria. Answers to the cognitive interview probe questions were summarized across the total sample and, where appropriate, comparisons were made between those who endorsed the diagnostic criterion and those who did not.ResultsResults showed that there were substantial inconsistencies in young adults' interpretations of survey questions reflecting impaired control over alcohol. Interpretations of questions designed to measure tolerance to the effects of alcohol and use of alcohol in hazardous situations were largely understood as intended by the architects of DSM.ConclusionsSurvey questions designed to tap compulsive patterns of alcohol use require close attention to ensure they reflect the intentions of the DSM diagnostic criteria for AUD.