bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Analysis of Recombinant Inbred Lines forSorghum bicolor × Sorghum propinquum
Authors: Kong Wenqian , Jin Huizhe , Franks Cleve D , Kim Changsoo , Bandopadhyay Rajib , Rana Mukesh K , Auckland Susan A , Goff Valorie H , Rainville Lisa K , Burow Gloria B , Woodfin Charles , Burke John J , Paterson Andrew H 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe describe a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 161 F5 genotypes for the widest euploid cross that can be made to cultivated sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) using conventional techniques, S. bicolor × Sorghum propinquum, that segregates for many traits related to plant architecture, growth and development, reproduction, and life history. The genetic map of the S. bicolor × S. propinquum RILs contains 141 loci on 10 linkage groups collectively spanning 773.1 cM. Although the genetic map has DNA marker density well-suited to quantitative trait loci mapping and samples most of the genome, our previous observations that sorghum pericentromeric heterochromatin is recalcitrant to recombination is highlighted by the finding that the vast majority of recombination in sorghum is concentrated in small regions of euchromatin that are distal to most chromosomes. The advancement of the RIL population in an environment to which the S. bicolor parent was well adapted (indeed bred for) but the S. propinquum parent was not largely eliminated an allele for short-day flowering that confounded many other traits, for example, permitting us to map new quantitative trait loci for flowering that previously eluded detection. Additional recombination that has accrued in the development of this RIL population also may have improved resolution of apices of heterozygote excess, accounting for their greater abundance in the F5 than the F2 generation. The S. bicolor × S. propinquum RIL population offers advantages over early-generation populations that will shed new light on genetic, environmental, and physiological/biochemical factors that regulate plant growth and development.
Influence of Thermal Treatment on Phase Transformation and Dissolubility of Aluminosilicate Phase in Red Mud
Authors: Ye Nan , Zhu Jing , Liu Jianwen , Li Yalin , Ke Xinyuan , Yang Jiakuan 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTRed mud is a solid waste residue from the caustic soda leaching of bauxite ores to produce alumina by the Bayer process. Red mud contains large quantity of alkali and aluminosilicate, so it is potentially available to prepare inorganic polymeric materials by geopolymerisation process. However, the activity or dissolubility of the aluminosilicate phases in red mud is significantly poor, which constraints the geopolymerisation process. Therefore, some pretreatment process for red mud is necessary to improve the adhesive property and dissolubility of Bayer red mud. In this study, mineral phase transformation and dissolubility of a typical red mud sample were studied under different thermal treatment processes. The thermal behavior of the red mud was studied by TG-DTA. The crystalline phases of the samples calcined at 200-1000 °C for different hours were determined by XRD, and the dissolubility was determined by alkaline leaching test. The TG-DTA pattern shows no obvious endothermic or exothermic peaks, and the weight loss increases continuously as the temperature rises, which indicates that the crystalline phases transform continuously as the temperature rises, consistent with the XRD results. As the calcination temperature rises from 200 to 800 °C, several kinds of crystalline phase in original red mud, including gibbsite, katoite, muscovite, natrodavyne disappeared in succession, accompanied with the formation of nepheline, gehlenite, sodium aluminum silicate, and some amorphous aluminosilicate. The calcined products are more likely to dissolve. But when it rises over than 800 °C, the content of gehlenite increases, and the phase of which is stable. As the calcination temperature rises from 200 to 1000 °C, the dissolubility of aluminosilicate in the red mud under high alkaline conditions increases firstly and then decreases after over 800 °C. Therefore, the optimum temperature of thermal treatment for red mud is about 800 °C. This study could contribute to the following preparation of geopolymeric material made from red mud, especially the pretreatment process of red mud.
Steel Corrosion Inhibitors in Cement Based Materials from Nopal Slime
Authors: Torres-Acosta Andrés A. , Hernández-Leos Rosalba 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThis research includes results on the corrosion performance of reinforcing steel in cement-based mortar (pH ~ 13) when cactus (Opuntia Ficus Indica –Nopal) slime was used as an addition. The cactus slime addition was mixed at different concentrations by mixing water mass (0%, 1.5%, 4%, 8%, 42%, and 95%). Half-cell potentials and LPR measurements were performed at different time periods to characterize the possible corrosion inhibiting effect of the cactus additions tested. Results showed good corrosion inhibiting effect of Nopal slime on reinforcing steel, in all tested solutions, when chloride ions were present. The addition of such cactus led to an apparent formation of a denser and more packed oxide/hydroxide surface layer on the steel surface that decreased corrosion activity. This oxide/hydroxide layer growth was confirmed from microscopic evaluation of the metal surface layer performed at the end of the research program. The preliminary findings suggest that adding Nopal slime in concentrations between 4% and 8%, by water mass, might be suitable for durability enhancing applications in cement-based mortar.
Formation and Properties of TiSi2 as Contact Material for High-Temperature Thermoelectric Generators
Authors: Assion Fabian , Schönhoff Marcel , Hilleringmann Ulrich 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThermoelectric generators (TEG) are capable of transforming waste heat directly into electric power. With higher temperatures the yield of the devices rises which makes high-temperature contact materials important. The formation of titanium disilicide (TiSi2) and its properties were analyzed and optimized for the use in TEG. Depending on a direct or an indirect transformation into the C54 crystal structure the process forms a layer with a resistivity of 20-22 μΩcm. Process gases influence the resistivity and result in difference of 20 %. The growing rate of TiSi2on silicon dioxide was determined; it shows a strong dependence on the used atmosphere and temperature. A maximum overgrowing length of 30 μm was found.
Oxidation Protection of γ-TiAl Alloys by Intermetallic Ti-Al-Cr-Zr Coatings
Authors: Braun Reinhold , Kelm Klemens , Ehiasarian Arutiun P. , Hovsepian Papken Eh. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe oxidation behavior of γ-TiAl specimens coated with an intermetallic Ti-49Al-34Cr-4Zr layer was investigated at 1000°C under cyclic conditions in laboratory air. The 11 μm thick coating was produced using a combined technique of high power impulse magnetron sputtering and unbalanced magnetron sputtering. The as-deposited coating exhibited a dense layered structure and excellent adhesion to the substrate. The Ti-Al-Cr-Zr coating possessed high oxidation resistance associated with the formation of a thin continuous alumina scale for exposure time periods exceeding 1000 cycles of 1 h dwell time at 1000°C. During the high temperature exposure, the coating being amorphous in the as-deposited condition became crystalline exhibiting different polytypes of Ti(Cr,Al)2Laves phases with Ti probably partially substituted by Zr and Nb. Due to alumina formation and interdiffusion the coating was depleted in aluminum and chromium as well as enriched in titanium. After 1000 cycles at 1000°C, the coating consisted of an outer layer of the hexagonal C14 Laves phase and an inner layer of a probably orthorhombic phase whose structure was not yet determined. In both layers, pores and fine precipitates rich in Zr and Y were found.
Acceptor Dopants in Bulk and Nanoscale ZnO
Authors: McCluskey Matthew D. , Tarun Marianne C. , Teklemichael Samuel T. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTZinc oxide (ZnO) is a semiconductor that emits bright UV light, with little wasted heat. This intrinsic feature makes it a promising material for energy-efficient white lighting, nano-lasers, and other optical applications. For devices to be competitive, however, it is necessary to develop reliable p-type doping. Although substitutional nitrogen has been considered as a potential p-type dopant for ZnO, recent theoretical and experimental work suggests that nitrogen is a deep acceptor and will not lead to p-type conductivity. In nitrogen-doped samples, a red photoluminescence (PL) band is correlated with the presence of deep nitrogen acceptors. PL excitation (PLE) measurements show an absorption threshold of 2.26 eV, in good agreement with theory. The results of these studies seem to rule out group-V elements as shallow acceptors in ZnO, contradicting numerous reports in the literature. Optical studies on ZnO nanocrystals show some intriguing leads. At liquid-helium temperatures, a series of sharp IR absorption peaks arise from an unknown acceptor impurity. The data are consistent with a hydrogenic acceptor 0.46 eV above the valence band edge. While this binding energy is still too deep for many practical applications, it represents a significant improvement over the 1.4-1.5 eV binding energy for nitrogen acceptors. Nanocrystals present another twist. Due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, surface states are especially important. In our model, the 0.46 eV level is shallow with respect to the surface valence band, raising the possibility of surface hole conduction.
In Situ High-Energy XRD Study of the Hot-Deformation Behavior of a Novel γ-TiAl Alloy
Authors: Stark Andreas , Schwaighofer Emanuel , Mayer Svea , Clemens Helmut , Lippmann Thomas , Lottermoser Lars , Schreyer Andreas , Pyczak Florian 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe development of suitable hot-forming processes, e.g. forging, is an important step towards the serial production of TiAl parts. Several microstructure parameters change during hot-forming. However, the underlying mechanisms can normally only be inferred from post process metallographic studies.We used a deformation dilatometer modified for working in the HZG synchrotron beamlines at DESY for hot-deformation experiments. This setup enables the in situ monitoring of the interaction and evolution of microstructure parameters during processing. We observed the evolution of phase fractions, grain size and crystallographic texture during deformation while simultaneously recording the process parameters, like temperature, force and length change.Here we present the hot compressive deformation behaviour of a Ti-43Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B (in at.%) alloy. Several specimens were deformed at three temperatures each with two compression rates. During the experiments the Debye-Scherrer diffraction rings were continuously recorded.
Estimation of Local Current Transport Properties in Thin Film Superconductor Based on Scanning Hall-probe Microscopy
Authors: Higashikawa Kohei , Shiohara Kei , Inoue Masayoshi , Kiss Takanobu , Yoshizumi Masateru , Izumi Teruo 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTTo enhance a global critical current in a superconductor, it is indispensable to understand current limiting factors and their influence on such a critical current. From this point of view, we have investigated in-plane distribution of local critical current density and its electric field criterion in a thin-film superconductor by using scanning-Hall probe microscopy. In a remanent state, after the application of sufficiently high magnetic field to a sample, current flows at critical current density according to the critical state model. Such distribution of current density was estimated from that of measured magnetic field using the Biot-Savart law. Furthermore, the corresponding electric field criterion was evaluated from the relaxation of such remanent magnetic field by considering Faraday’s law. This means that we could estimate in-plane distribution of local critical current density as a function of electric field criterion in a nondestructive manner. This characterization method would be very helpful for finding current limiting factors in a thin-film superconductor and their influence on its global current density versus electric field properties which would usually be obtained by four-probe method.
Issues in current management of chronic myeloid leukemia: Importance of molecular monitoring on long term outcome
Authors: Menon Hari 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMonitoring of CML patients while on therapy is vitally important and ENL has come up with specific guidelines for the same. Since we are currently talking about operational cure, this review shall focus on evaluating the emerging data to optimize response. This requires attention to all outstanding controversial issues. Only careful, accurate and regular monitoring with specific attention to grey areas will help us select first line therapy, decide when to discontinue TKIs and also move to second line TKIs in a timely manner.
Zygomatic Air Cell Defect: Prevalence and Characteristics in Dental Outpatient Population
Authors: Gadda Rohit B , Salvi Rohini , Patil Neha Anil 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTAimTo determine the prevalence, radiographic appearance and characteristics of patients with zygomatic air cell defect (ZACD).Materials and MethodsRoutine panoramic radiographs of 400 patients who were visited the dental outpatient of our institute were examined retrospectively.ResultsOut of 400 study subjects, ZACD was found in 11, giving an overall prevalence of 2.75%. Out of 11 ZACD subjects, six were males and five were females. The mean age of subjects with ZACD was 33.9 (±15) years and a range of 18 to 65 years. The bilateral involvement of ZACD was seen in only one subject.ConclusionThe overall prevalence of ZACD is relatively low in present study population. Knowledge of ZACD may be helpful in interpreting panoramic radiographs, in planning surgical treatment of the temporomandibular joint and in understanding the spread of pathological processes into the joint.How to cite this articleGadda R, Patil NA, Salvi R. Zygomatic Air Cell Defect: Prevalence and Characteristics in Dental Outpatient Population. J Contemp Dent 2012;2(3):69-72.
Etiological Factors of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Common Perplexity
Authors: Swain Niharika , Poonja Leela S , Penkar Yogita 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTRecurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common oral mucosal disorders. Nevertheless, while the clinical characteristics of RAS are well-defined, the precise etiology and pathogenesis of RAS remain unclear. The present article provides a detailed review of the current knowledge of various etiological factors of RAS.How to cite this articleSwain N, Pathak J, Poonja LS, Penkar Y. Etiological Factors of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Common Perplexity. J Contemp Dent 2012;2(3):96-100.
Unmet Visual Needs of Children with down Syndrome in an African Population: Implications for Visual and Cognitive Development
Authors: Aghaji Ada E. , Lawrence Linda , Ezegwui Ifeoma , Onwasigwe Ernest , Okoye Onochie , Ebigbo Peter 
Published: January 2013

Purpose TO determine the magnitude and types of ocular disorders in children with Down syndrome in an African population and to assess to what extent these visual needs have been met. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of children with Down syndrome attending a school for the mentally challenged in Southeastern Nigeria. Visual acuity, ocular examination, and cycloplegic refraction were done on all cooperative participants. Information was sought from parents/caregivers to ascertain previous ocular treatment/spectacle usage. Results A total of 30 children with Down syndrome aged 5–15 years were examined. Uncorrected refractive errors were detected in 76.4% of them. Other lesions included mongoloid slant (53.5%), strabismus (33.3%), ptosis (33.3%), nystagmus (13.3%), and cataract (3.3%). None of the children with refractive errors had ever worn spectacles. Conclusions Refractive error is a common finding in this population. There is a high unmet visual need in these children. This may have implications for visual and cognitive development. Early screening for ocular disorders in Down syndrome is recommended to detect and treat them.
Mapping of the Snuffbox and Cubital Vessels for Percutaneous Arterial Venous Fistula (pAVF) in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Hull Jeffrey E. , Kinsey Emily N. , Bishop Wendy L. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose Report on the anatomic qualification of the snuffbox radial artery (SBRA) and proximal radial artery (PRA) for pAVF. Methods Retrospective analysis of upper extremity mapping in 64 limbs in 55 dialysis patients was performed. The radial artery was assessed for diameter, patency, flow and proximity to the adjacent vein to SBRA and PRA. Sites qualified for pAVF on a binary basis when the in situ radial artery and adjacent vein were straight, parallel, greater than 2 mm in diameter and within 1.5 mm of each other. Effect of age, sex, diabetes, systolic blood pressure and obesity were assessed with logistic regression. Mean, median and frequency distribution of vessel diameter and distance were analyzed. Results Radial artery sites were qualified for pAVF in 47.6% (30/63) at the SBRA and 87.9% (29/33) at the PRA. SBRA sites were disqualified for vessel size in 36.4% (12/33 overall, usually vein 11/12), distance in 24% (8/33) and both 36.4% (12/33). All (4/4) PRA sites were disqualified for vessel size alone. The adjacent vein was the median vein or cephalic vein for the SBRA, and the perforating vein or vena comitans for the PRA. Effects of age, sex, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, obesity and prior fistula did not attain statistical significance. Conclusions Most dialysis patients meet the anatomic requirements for pAVF in the SBRA or PRA. Vessel size is the most common limiting variable followed by distance between vessels.
[BMIm][Fe(OTf)3], [BMIm][Mn(OTf)3], [BMIm][Li(OTf)2] – Three One-dimensional Infinite Coordination Polymers
Authors: Wolf Silke , Lan Yanhua , Powell Annie , Feldmann Claus 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
By heating of FeCl2 and MnCl2 in the ionic liquid [BMIm][OTf] (BMIm: 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium, OTf: trifluoromethanesulfonate), the compounds [BMIm][M(OTf)3] (M: Fe+II, Mn+II) have been obtained as colorless crystals. Similarly, [BMIm][Li(OTf)2] was synthesized by heating of LiCl in [BMIm][OTf]. While the crystal quality of the [BMIm][M(OTf)3] (M: Fe+II, Mn+II) products thus obtained is low, mild oxidation of Fe(CO)5 or Mn2(CO)10 with GeI4 applied as an alternative in the same ionic liquid allowed a slow growth of well-formed, needle-shaped crystals. According to X-ray structure analysis based on single crystals, [BMIm][M(OTf)3] (M: Fe+II, Mn+II) crystals are monoclinic, and [BMIm][Li(OTf)2] crystals are triclinic. All compounds form infinite 1
∞[M(OTf)3] (M=Fe, Mn) and 1
∞[Li(OTf)2] chains. The compounds have further been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG), and magnetic measurements.
Formation and Fragmentation of 4-Diazo-1,2-diphenyl-3-oxo-butyl Acetate
Authors: Özbilen Deniz , Beile Bernhard , Meier Herbert 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
threo-4-Diazo-1,2-diphenyl-3-oxo-butyl acetate (15) could be prepared via the classical route 6→8→10→12→13→15. However, its alkaline hydrolysis to the bifunctional hydroxy compound 17 led to a spontaneous dehydration to the diazoketone (E)-18 and to a fragmentation to acetic acid, benzaldehyde (8) and diazoketone 19.
Electronic Structure and Bonding in YTi2Ga4 – A Gallide with Linear Titanium Chains and Four-bonded Gallium Atoms
Authors: Matar Samir F. , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The gallium-rich ternary intermetallic compound YTi2Ga4 is isotypic with YbMo2Al4, I4/mmm, Z =2. Yttrium is located in a large cage built up by 12 gallium atoms. Chains of condensed Y@Ga12 polyhedra and linear titanium chains build up a tetragonal rod packing. The gallium atoms are bonded within Ga4 squares (265 pm Ga-Ga) which are condensed via longer Ga-Ga bonds (292 pm) to a three-dimensional gallium substructure with formally four-connected gallium, in agreement with a Bader charge partitioning scheme [YTi2]4+[Ga4]4-. These features are addressed with electronic structure and chemical bonding considerations. The metallic behavior of YTi2Ga4 is found to be of the itinerant electron type within the valence band and Ti d-like states at EF. Ga-Ga and Ti-Ga bonding characteristics provide mechanical properties derived from the full set of elastic constants leading to a brittle material.
Heterogeneous Context-Aware Robots Providing a Personalized Building Tour
Authors: Hristoskova Anna , Agüero Carlos E. , Veloso Manuela , De Turck Filip 
Published: January 2013

Existing robot guides offer a tour of a building, such as a museum or science centre, to one or more visitors. Usually the tours are predefined and lack support for dynamic interactions between the different robots. This paper focuses on the distributed collaboration of multiple heterogeneous robots (receptionist, companion) guiding visitors through a building. Semantic techniques support the formal definition of tour topics, the available content on a specific topic, and the robot and person profiles including interests and acquired knowledge. The robot guides select topics depending on their participants' interests and prior knowledge. Whenever one guide moves into the proximity of another, the guides automatically exchange participants, optimizing the amount of interesting topics. Robot collaboration is realized through the development of a software module that allows a robot to transparently include behaviours performed by other robots into its own set of behaviours. The multi-robot visitor guide application is integrated into an extended distributed heterogeneous robot team, using a receptionist robot that was not originally designed to cooperate with the guides. Evaluation of the implemented algorithms presents a 90% content coverage of relevant topics for the participants.
Complex craniosynostosis is associated with the 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome
Authors: Florisson Joyce M.G. , Mathijssen Irene M.J. , Dumee Belinda , Hoogeboom Jeannette A.M. , Poddighe Pino J. , Oostra Ben A. , Frijns Jean Pierre , Koster Linda , de Klein Annelies , Eussen Bert , de Vries Bert B.A. , Swagemakers Sigrid , van der Spek Peter J. , Verkerk Annemieke J.M.H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn a screening project of patients with (complex) craniosynostosis using genomic arrays, we identified two patients with craniosynostosis and microcephaly with a deletion in the 2p15p16.1 chromosomal region. This region has been associated with a new microdeletion syndrome, for which patients have various features in common, including microcephaly and intellectual disability. Deletions were identified using Affymetrix 250K SNP array and further characterized by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and qPCR. The deletions in our two patients overlapped within the 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome area and were 6.8 and 6.9 Mb in size, respectively. FISH and qPCR confirmed the presence of only one copy in this region. Finemapping of the breakpoints indicated precise borders in our patients and were further finemapped in two other previously reported patients. Clinical features of patients with deletions in the 2p15p16.1 region vary. Including data from our patients, now eight out of nine reported patients have microcephaly, one of the major features, and all had intellectual disability. The current reported two patients add different forms of craniosynostosis to the clinical spectrum of this recently recognized microdeletion syndrome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.