bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vector-valued p-adic Siegel modular forms
Authors: Ichikawa Takashi 
Published: May 2014

Abstract.

We study vector-valued p-adic Siegel modular forms based on
the arithmetic theory of vector-valued Siegel modular forms over rings.
We construct Fourier expansions and Hecke operators for these modular forms,
and especially,
using the description of these p-adic forms on the Igusa tower,
we give a natural definition of p-adic operators.
Textual Identity Bothering the Semiotic Self: Nina’s Alternating Identities in Black Swan
Authors: Wen Yiming 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The semiotic self derives from one’s idea of self. It consists of a trio of relations between one’s past self, present self and future self, in which the present self speaks to the future self by interpreting the past self. During such a reflexive process, the self may be bothered by the conflicting identities rising therein if particular identities force the self to move upward or downward, and fail to reach a coherent, continuous self. In the movie Black Swan, Nina’s inability to render the alternating role between the white swan and the black swan is a case in point. The self, beset with conflicting identities, finds its best expression in Nina’s confusing roles in face of her “ being” and “playing” on the stage. This paper investigates Nina’s textual identities by way of her semiotic self that houses her shifting identities.
A Social Semiotic Analysis of the Multimodality of an Advertisement
Authors: Xu Dan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
For decades, multimodality, an intrinsic attribute of discourse, has long been neglected in discourse analysis. Adopting the theoretical framework of visual communication grammar by Kress and van Leeuwen, which grew out of Halliday's systemic functional grammar, this paper makes a detailed social semiotic analysis of the three-fold metafunctions of the visual and verbal modes of one of the No Smoking Day print advertisements. The analysis shows that these two semiotic modes complement and supplement each other to add to the denotation and connotation of the discourse.
Semiotica Tartuensis: Jakob von Uexkiill and Juri Lotman
Authors: Kull Kalevi , Lotman Mihhail 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The essay provides a brief analysis of correspondence between two scholars whose heritage forms the basis of contemporary Tartu semiotics-Jakob von Uexküll (1864-1944) and Juri Lotman (1922-1993). A comparison between Uexküll's and Lotman's work demonstrates a series of features in which their approaches are in concord. We find some aspects of local culture as supportive of their way of thinking. We also claim that the theoretical integration of Jakob Uexküll's and Juri Lotman's approaches is at the heart of the contemporary semiotics, which has a task to develop a theoretical and methodological apparatus that would delimit and specify the scope of general semiotics and that could be used as a basis for all branches of semiotics.
A Semiotic and Cognitive Analysis of Chinese Iconic Signs1
Authors: Liu Sixia 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Unlike alphabetic letters, Chinese characters, as orthographic symbols, can represent the meaning of a word. According to Peirce’s triadic division of signs, we believe that a Chinese character is an iconic sign for the referent that its meaning denotes; that is to say, there is something perceptually in common between the character and its denotatum; however, we could be misled by the simple definition of this “similarity” because perceptual experience is not naive but something conventional. Based on the degree of conventionality among iconic signs, we distinguish their iconic nature (i.e., iconicity) into primary and secondary kinds - the former having an obvious similarity between the sign and its referent and the latter showing a sophisticated reflection of an analogical relationship. The construction of the Chinese character system has resulted from the superposition of different iconic relationships, while their differentiation has led to the classification of Chinese characters playing an important role in the recognition of their meanings.
On the “New Tartu School”
Authors: Kull Kalevi , Peng Jia 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This is an interview in which six questions formulated by J. Peng on the contemporary developments in semiotics at the University Tartu are addressed by K. Kull. The questions concern the role of Juri Lotman’s semiotics today, its relationship to the works of Jakob von Uexküll and Thomas A. Sebeok, the importance of the concepts semiosphere and umwelt, and more.
Molecular functionality of CYP2C9 polymorphisms and their influence on drug therapy
Authors: Jarrar Yazun Bashir , Lee Su-Jun 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

CYP2C9 metabolizes approximately 20% of clinically used drugs, including the narrow therapeutic window drugs warfarin and phenytoin. More than 16,000 variants have been reported in the National Center for Biotechnology Information CYP2C9 database, as well as 58 alleles in the official P450 Nomenclature Committee website. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms represented by the CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 alleles have been studied extensively. However, in addition to these two alleles, other genetic factors and an individual’s biological characteristics contribute to the overall drug phenotype. A major bottleneck for CYP2C9 pharmacogenomics in clinical field applications is the lack of knowledge regarding the numerous genetic polymorphisms and their molecular functionalities. An unmet gap exists between the ever-growing number of genetic variants and their molecular mechanisms. In the present review, functional changes of all known CYP2C9 protein coding alleles were predicted using in silico analyses and compared with the in vitro and in vivo data. We also summarize functional information from recently reported CYP2C9 variants. Regarding the previously known CYP2C9 variants, we provide an update on the functional information obtained from in vitro and in vitro data.
“We Can’t Wait”: Barack Obama, Partisan Polarization and the Administrative Presidency
Authors: Lowande Kenneth S. , Milkis Sidney M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractScholars and pundits have usually depicted Barack Obama as a prisoner of partisan rancor in Congress, which has been especially fierce on the Republican side of the aisle. We argue, to the contrary, that he has actively – if sometimes reluctantly – embraced the role of party leader, even in the management of the bureaucracy, the arena in which the modern presidency’s claim to transcend partisanship was nurtured. The Administration’s public celebration of unilateralism – typified by the “We Can’t Wait” initiative – is emblematic of a far-reaching development within the presidency and American politics: the rise of an
The Letter of the Law: Administrative Discretion and Obama’s Domestic Unilateralism
Authors: Rudalevige Andrew 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In his 2014 State of the Union address Barack Obama pledged to act without Congress on a variety of fronts, following up his “we can’t wait” campaign of unilateralism before the 2012 election. The partisan furor this engendered tended to obscure the longstanding efforts of presidents to “faithfully execute” the law in a manner that aligns with their policy preferences. This paper examines the broad logic of those efforts, and delineates five areas where the Obama administration has been particularly aggressive: in its (1) recess appointments; (2) refusal to defend federal law (notably, the Defense of Marriage Act) in court; (3) use of prosecutorial discretion in declining to pursue violations of immigration and drug laws; (4) use of waivers; and (5) its utilization of the regulatory process to interpret the meaning of statutes, as with the Clean Air Act and the Affordable Care Act. Presidents do have flexibility in many cases; but this ends where they seek to alter the plain “letter of the law.”
Framing the Boundaries of European Human Rights Law
Authors: Öztaş Can 
Published: May 2014

AbstractEuropean human rights protection, ensured by the European Convention and Court of Human Rights, is declared to be universal and inclusive, protecting not only citizens of Europe but also anybody residing within the jurisdiction of the signatory countries. This article challenges this declaration and argues, with the help of some examples from the case law, that European human rights protection is based on the defined concepts of European-ness that exclude the perceived non-European within the Convention and the Court system.
Sharp weighted norm inequalities for the commutator of Littlewood–Paley operators
Authors: Chen Yanping , Han Han 
Published: May 2014

Abstract.
Suppose that S is a sublinear operator such as the Littlewood–Paley g function, the Lusin area integral or the intrinsic square function. We prove several sharp weighted inequalities for the m-th order commutator of the operator S with

b
∈
BMO

$b\in \mathrm {BMO}$

. Finally, we construct several examples showing that our bounds are sharp.
Formation of oxalic acid in alkaline peroxide treatment of different wood components
Authors: Häärä Matti , Pranovich Andrey , Sundberg Anna , Willför Stefan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Oxalic acid (OA), formed as an oxidation product in alkaline peroxide bleaching (P) of mechanical pulps, can form a sparingly soluble salt with calcium and cause severe scale deposit problems. The focus of this work was the question how much OA is formed from the different components of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), i.e., from cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, extractives, and bark, during the P-stage of bleaching. Isolated wood components and monosaccharides typical for spruce hemicelluloses and pectins were treated with chemicals of P-stage for 90 min at 73°C, and the released OA was analyzed by ion chromatography. Most OA was formed from galacturonic and glucuronic acids, xylans, and lignin. Taking into account the content of these substances in spruce wood, lignin can be regarded as the major source of oxalate. Untreated spruce bark was found to contain substantial amounts of oxalate, and an additional amount of oxalate was formed in the P-stage. It is evident that effective debarking is essential, not only for pulp brightness, but also for the control of calcium oxalate formation.
Anisotropic elastic properties of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)
Authors: Clauß Sebastian , Pescatore Corina , Niemz Peter 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Hardwoods in principle show a similar orthotropic behavior as softwoods; however, the ratios of the mechanical parameters between the three anatomical directions and their magnitudes are different and depend strongly on the individual microstructure of the species. The aim of the current study was to characterize the 3-D elastic behavior of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) by tensile, compression, and shear tests in the three anatomical directions and stepwise in between, by means of a universal testing machine in combination with a digital image correlation technique. Young’s moduli, shear moduli, and Poisson’s ratios have been determined for the different load directions. From studies on the radial-tangential plane of other wood species, it is known that the elastic moduli in the principal directions and the off-axis elastic moduli vary in a nonlinear correlation, depending on density gradients between earlywood and latewood. This angular dependency has been experimentally and theoretically proven for ash. Furthermore, the dependency of mechanical parameters on the fiber-load angle has been experimentally determined. The measurements for principal and off-axis load directions provide a sound basis for modeling of hardwood structures.
Postpeak residual capacity of nailed connections of a shear wall
Authors: Sinha Arijit 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
To quantify the postpeak residual capacity and to gain insights into the load transfer mechanism of a shear wall, nail connection tests were performed on salvaged connections after a monotonic shear wall test loaded up to peak load. Experimental results reveal that there is a loss of strength in most of the fasteners studied, indicating that almost all the fasteners contribute toward racking resistance of the wall. The maximum loss of strength was observed for the fastener in the uplift corner and for the fastener along the middle stud. Another area where fasteners exhibited a significant loss of strength was in plate connection located at the bottom plate. The performance of a shear wall can be enhanced by strengthening the two areas – uplift corner and bottom plate.
Strain distribution and load transfer in the polymer-wood particle bond in wood plastic composites
Authors: Schwarzkopf Matthew , Muszynski Lech 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The load transfer between wood particles and the matrix was analyzed by observation of the strain patterns in thin films of high density polyethylene (HDPE) with embedded wood particles subjected to tensile loading. Optical measurement techniques based on the digital image correlation (DIC) principle were employed for quantitative measurement of strain distributions on the surfaces of the specimens. Interpretation of these measurements in terms of load transfer between the particle and the matrix below the surface proved challenging and required a structured approach. In this paper, quantitative descriptors were selected as synthesized metrics to support the quantitative interpretation of the measured strains. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) scans were used to assess the effect of the position of the particles in the film specimens on the strains patterns observed on the surface.
Hygric properties of Norway spruce and sycamore after incubation with two white rot fungi
Authors: Gilani Marjan Sedighi , Schwarze Francis W.M.R. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this study, changes in the hygroscopic properties of two main wood species for violin making, Norway spruce and sycamore, after treatment with Physisporinus vitreus and Xylaria longipes were investigated. Swelling and moisture sorption capacity of wood at the growth ring scale were visually and quantitatively assessed by thermal neutron radiography analysis. It was demonstrated that the fungal treatment improved the dimensional stability of both Norway spruce and sycamore, but also increased their moisture adsorption capacity. Dynamic vapor sorption tests and measurements of the changes in dimensions of the specimens in the laboratory were in good agreement with the results of neutron radiography analysis. The main difference between the moisture sorption of the untreated controls and treated wood was observed at high relative humidity, e.g., above 75%. The contradictory behavior of the increased hygroscopicity and reduced swelling was explained by selective degradation of the chemical components and condensation of the moisture content gained in the capillary voids that developed in the cell walls during fungal decay.
Neuroendocrine control of satiation
Authors: Asarian Lori , Bächler Thomas 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Eating is a simple behavior with complex functions. The unconscious neuroendocrine process that stops eating and brings a meal to its end is called satiation. Energy homeostasis is mediated accomplished through the control of meal size via satiation. It involves neural integrations of phasic negative-feedback signals related to ingested food and tonic signals, such as those related to adipose tissue mass. Energy homeostasis is accomplished through adjustments in meal size brought about by changes in these satiation signals. The best understood meal-derived satiation signals arise from gastrointestinal nutrient sensing. Gastrointestinal hormones secreted during the meal, including cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and PYY, mediate most of these. Other physiological signals arise from activation of metabolic-sensing neurons, mainly in the hypothalamus and caudal brainstem. We review both classes of satiation signal and their integration in the brain, including their processing by melanocortin, neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide, serotonin, noradrenaline, and oxytocin neurons. Our review is not comprehensive; rather, we discuss only what we consider the best-understood mechanisms of satiation, with a special focus on normally operating physiological mechanisms.
Assessment of Super-gravity Concentrating V-containing Spinel Phase from Vanadium Slag
Authors: Li Juncheng , Guo Zhancheng , Gao Jintao 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA new approach to concentrate V-containing spinel phase from vanadium slag by super gravity was investigated. The samples obtained by the gravity coefficient G ≥ 1050, time t ≥ 30 min and temperature T ≥ 1523 K appear significant layers and V-containing spinel phase presents gradient size distribution in the sample along the super gravity. The mechanism of moving speed of V-containing spinel particles in super gravity field was also discussed, and the conclusion indicates that the moving speed of V-containing spinel particles is proportional to the square of the V-containing spinel particle size. As a result, large size V-containing spinel particles move a farther distance than the small ones and gather at the bottom of the sample. Under the hypothesis that the vanadium and silicon exist in the slag in terms of V
More than a break: the impact of a social-pedagogical intervention during young persons’ long-term hospital admission – a qualitative study
Authors: Villadsen Katrine Weiersoe , Blix Charlotte , Boisen Kirsten A. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Background: Critical illness and long-term or repeated hospitalization can affect normal adolescent development. As a result, adolescents may feel isolated and “misplaced” on both pediatric and adult departments. The mission of the Center of Adolescent Medicine is to improve conditions for adolescent patients. To achieve this, the social educator offers an individualized social-pedagogical intervention for young people during long-term or repeated hospitalization.
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the impact of the social-pedagogical intervention using a qualitative approach.
Materials and methods: A trained anthropologist interviewed seven adolescents who had individual sessions with a social educator during their hospital stay. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and the transcripts were coded and thematized continuously.
Results: Through qualitative analysis, the following themes emerged: Recreation; Structure, participation, and motivation; and Friends and social network. The social-pedagogical approach is a combination of interpersonal relationships and individually tailored recreational activities. Even small entertaining activities changed the focus from patient identity and contributed to the feeling of being “normal.” All young patients reported that the increased opportunities for decision-making and influence on the daily structure supported the feeling of being recognized and respected as an individual person as well as increased their motivation to go through their treatment. The interviewees emphasized the importance of experiencing something that was worth telling their friends about to help them stay in touch.
Conclusion: Although the young patients emphasized the recreational aspects, the time spent with the social educator facilitated training in social competencies as well as conversations about emotional and sensitive topics.
Intelligent Power Swing Detection Scheme to Prevent False Relay Tripping Using S-Transform
Authors: Mohamad Nor Z. , Abidin Ahmad F. , Musirin Ismail 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Distance relay design is equipped with out-of-step tripping scheme to ensure correct distance relay operation during power swing. The out-of-step condition is a consequence result from unstable power swing. It requires proper detection of power swing to initiate a tripping signal followed by separation of unstable part from the entire power system. The distinguishing process of unstable swing from stable swing poses a challenging task. This paper presents an intelligent approach to detect power swing based on S-Transform signal processing tool. The proposed scheme is based on the use of S-Transform feature of active power at the distance relay measurement point. It is demonstrated that the proposed scheme is able to detect and discriminate the unstable swing from stable swing occurring in the system. To ascertain validity of the proposed scheme, simulations were carried out with the IEEE 39 bus system and its performance has been compared with the wavelet transform–based power swing detection scheme.
Motivation and International Clinical Placements: Shifting Nursing Students to a Global Citizenship Perspective
Authors: Burgess Caroline A. , Reimer-Kirkham Sheryl , Astle Barbara 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNursing programs are increasingly offering international clinical experiences as part of nursing curricula. The purpose of this study was to understand what motivates student nurses to take part in these experiences. Related to motivation, student awareness of emerging nursing discourses on global citizenship was also examined. As part of a qualitative study, nine undergraduate nursing students were interviewed about their motivations for choosing a clinical placement to a low-income country. While students appeared to have a sincere desire to make a difference, closer examination of the data revealed that the majority approached their international clinical placement in ways that could be construed as paternalistic to some degree, rather than reflective of broader professional imperatives such as social justice. This finding suggests that additional education preparation may be needed prior to these experiences; global citizenship frameworks may be helpful in shifting perspectives towards a more critical enquiry of global issues.
Multiplication of the distributions (x±i0)
z
Authors: Franssens Ghislain R. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract.
In previous work of the author, a convolution and multiplication product for
the set of Associated Homogeneous Distributions (AHDs) with support in ℝ was defined and fully investigated. Here this definition is used
to calculate the multiplication product of homogeneous distributions of the
form (x±i0)
z
, for all

z
∈
ℂ

${{z\in \mathbb {C}}}$

.
Multiplication products of AHDs generally contain an arbitrary constant if
the resulting degree of homogeneity is a negative integer, i.e., if it is a
critical product. However, critical products of the forms

(
x
+
i
0
)

a

.

(
x
+
i
0
)

b

$(x+i0) ^{a}\mathbin {\textbf {.}}(x+i0) ^{b}$

and

(
x
-
i
0
)

a

.

(
x
-
i
0
)

b

$(x-i0)
^{a}\mathbin {\textbf {.}}(x-i0) ^{b}$

, with

a
+
b
∈

ℤ
-

${a+b\in \mathbb {Z}_{-}}$

, are
exceptionally unique. This fact combined with Sokhotskii–Plemelj
expressions then leads to linear dependencies of the arbitrary constants
occurring in products like

δ

(
k
)

.

δ

(
l
)

${{\delta ^{(k)}\mathbin {\textbf {.}}\delta ^{(l)}}}$

,

η

(
k
)

.

δ

(
l
)

${{\eta ^{(k)}\mathbin {\textbf {.}}\delta ^{(l)}}}$

,

δ

(
k
)

.

η

(
l
)

${{\delta ^{(k)}\mathbin {\textbf {.}}\eta ^{(l)}}}$

and

η

(
k
)

.

η

(
l
)

${{\eta ^{(k)}\mathbin {\textbf {.}}\eta ^{(l)}}}$

for all

k
,
l
∈
ℕ

${{k,l\in \mathbb {N}}}$

(

η
≜

1
π

x

-
1

${{\eta \triangleq \frac{1}{\pi }x^{-1}}}$

).
This in turn gives a unique distribution for products like

δ

(
k
)

.

η

(
l
)

+

η

(
k
)

.

δ

(
l
)

${{\delta ^{(k)}\mathbin {\textbf {.}}\eta ^{(l)}+\eta ^{(k)}\mathbin {\textbf {.}}\delta ^{(l)}}}$

and

δ

(
k
)

.

δ

(
l
)

-

η

(
k
)

.

η

(
l
)

${{\delta ^{(k)}\mathbin {\textbf {.}}\delta ^{(l)}-\eta ^{(k)}\mathbin {\textbf {.}}\eta ^{(l)}}}$

. The latter two products are of interest in
quantum field theory and appear for instance in products of the partial derivatives of
the zero-mass two-point Wightman distribution.