bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPUTATION OF DISCHARGE THROUGH SIDE SLUICE GATE USING GENE‐EXPRESSION PROGRAMMING
Authors: Azamathulla H. M. , Ahmad Z. , Ab. Ghani Aminuddin 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe existing equations for the computation of discharge through a sluice gate are derived based on the statistical approach and implicit in form. This paper presents an intelligent prediction of discharge through a side sluice gate under free flow conditions using gene‐expression programming (GEP), which is an extension of genetic programming (GP). Considering the flow through a side sluice gate as orifice flow, a closed form equation for the prediction of discharge is derived. The coefficient of discharge is related to the approximate Froude number in the main channel and the ratio of upstream depth and gate opening. The proposed equation for the coefficient of discharge using GEP and available existing data produces better results (R2 = 0.935 and RMSE = 0.0658) compared to the existing equations for the side sluice gate. The computed coefficient of discharge is within ±5% of those observed for the data used for the validation of the proposed equation. The average percentage error in the coefficient of discharge computed using proposed equation is of the order of 2.15. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Past and Future Directions in Content Area Literacies
Authors: Bean Tom , O'brien David 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this column, content area literacy scholars Tom Bean and David O'Brien challenge the older “infusion” model of content area literacy with its emphasis on generic strategies. Rather, they argue for and provide examples of projects that draw on the unique dimensions of various disciplines like history, science, and English, particularly in light of the Common Core State Standards. They offer alternative approaches that capitalize on students' interests in multimedia and the arts. Acknowledging the increasingly diverse dimensions of our classrooms and students' transnational experiences, Bean and O'Brien call for creative lesson and unit planning that engages students in preparation for global citizenship.
Rethinking Common Assumptions About Adolescents' Motivation to Use Technology In and Out of School
Authors: Jacobs Gloria E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractResearch on youth use of multiliteracies and multimodal texts often imply that youth are inherently motivated by digital technologies. In this column, I consider the nature of research into motivation and multiliteracies. I suggest that the concepts of competence, autonomy, and relatedness should be integrated with a multilayered contextual conceptualization of motivation when applied to multiliteracies. Furthermore, I argue that educators and researchers should avoid the assumptions that all youth are digitally savvy and motivated by technology. Instead, I suggest that attending to an individual's need for connection, choice, and competence can lead educators to rethink their approaches to technology integration.
It's Time to Turn the Digital Page: Preservice Teachers Explore E‐Book Reading
Authors: Larson Lotta C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article describes what happened when 49 preservice teachers participated in an e‐book reading experience in order to prepare them to teach with e‐books in K‐12 classrooms. In addition to examining the preservice teachers' digital reading behaviors and dispositions, this manuscript also examines reader factors and text factors of digital texts and their impact on comprehension; how K‐12 students and teachers utilize e‐books in today's classrooms; trends in e‐book technologies; and the reasons why new literacies in general, and e‐books in particular, should become part of a balanced literacy approach.
Ensembles to model the impact of urbanization for a summertime rainstorm process in Yangtze River Delta, China
Authors: Wan Hongchao , Zhong Zhong , Yang Xiuqun , Li Xunqiang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe impact of urbanization for a summertime rainstorm process in the Yangtze River Delta was investigated based on two 96 member ensembles using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Results show that the increase of precipitation mainly occurs downwind of the city belt in this region. The increase and decrease of precipitation forms two zigzag belts in the precipitation area. The t‐test illustrates that the discrepancies of near‐surface environment around the city belt, the precipitation downwind of the city belt as well as the atmospheric variables in the lower troposphere over the rain belt, caused by urbanization, is significant in such a short‐term rainstorm process. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Fetal aneuploidy screening by maternal plasma DNA sequencing: ‘False positive’ due to confined placental mosaicism
Authors: Choi H. , Lau T. K. , Jiang F. M. , Chan M. K. , Zhang H. Y. , Lo P. S. S. , Chen F. , Zhang L. , Wang W. 
Published: November 2012

What's already known about this topic?

Non‐invasive prenatal testing by maternal plasma DNA sequencing is highly sensitive and specific in detecting fetal aneuploidies.What does this study add?

We report a case of ‘false positive’ result of NIPT because of confined placental mosaicism.
21st‐Century Literacies, Critical Media Pedagogies, and Language Arts
Authors: Morrell Ernest 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn the second decade of the 21st century, information has been globalized, digitized, and sped up to move at the speed of thought. Being literate in this new world means programming personal websites, sending e‐mails from mobile devices and spending hours communicating via virtual social networks. Our students are products of this world. However, for all their digital expertise, there is still a great deal that these youth have to learn about how to process the information they are inundated with via these new portals of information. Teachers today have a responsibility to help students acquire these 21st century literacies without abandoning a commitment to the traditional literacies that have defined education to date. This article argues that language arts educators must inject the discipline with these new tools and ways of communication as concepts such as reading, writing, listening, and speaking take on new dimensions in the media age.
Using Smartphones to Supplement Classroom Reading
Authors: Bromley Karen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSupplementing classroom reading with smartphones can develop better vocabulary knowledge, comprehension, technology skills, and writing. This article connects smartphones to reading complex, informational text and the Common Core State Standards (CCSS). The author suggests that smartphones motivate, scaffold comprehension, and invite investigations that allow students to engage with authors, illustrators, and each other in ways that invite deep and thoughtful reading.
Suture Cost Savings in the OR
Authors: Walsh Susanna S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMaterials management personnel at a health care facility in Baltimore, Maryland, were stocking too much suture. They stocked suture requested by surgeons or recommended by suture company representatives, and, because the facility is a teaching institution, they stocked suture requested by residents. No master suture database was available to determine what was needed and what was not. As a result, some suture was rarely used, which cost the facility money and took up inventory space. In response, I created a list of the existing inventory and coordinated with the specialty surgical service coordinators to determine which suture was typically used and in what quantities. I used this information to create a master list, with the goal of eliminating the purchase of suture that was not on this list. I gave the staff members and surgeons two months to assess the list and determine whether the suggested suture was sufficient for their needs. I then asked the materials management personnel to order and maintain suture stock based on the master list. This process took approximately four months and shows how health care providers can take a high‐volume item, such as suture, and create cost‐saving processes that will serve surgeons' and patients' needs while reducing costs and streamlining stock.
Midlife stroke risk and cognitive decline: A 10‐year follow‐up of the Whitehall II cohort study
Authors: Kaffashian Sara , Dugravot Aline , Brunner Eric J. , Sabia Séverine , Ankri Joël , Kivimäki Mika , Singh‐Manoux Archana 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundStroke is associated with an increased risk of dementia. However, it is unclear whether risk of stroke in those free of stroke, particularly in nonelderly populations, leads to differential rates of cognitive decline. Our aim was to assess whether risk of stroke in mid life is associated with cognitive decline over 10 years of follow‐up.MethodsWe studied 4153 men and 1657 women (mean age, 55.6 years at baseline) from the Whitehall II study, a longitudinal British cohort study. We used the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP), which incorporates age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, smoking, prior cardiovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular hypertrophy, and use of antihypertensive medication. Cognitive tests included reasoning, memory, verbal fluency, and vocabulary assessed three times over 10 years. Longitudinal associations between FSRP and its components were tested using mixed‐effects models, and rates of cognitive change over 10 years were estimated.ResultsHigher stroke risk was associated with faster decline in verbal fluency, vocabulary, and global cognition. For example, for global cognition there was a greater decline in the highest FSRP quartile (−0.25 of a standard deviation; 95% confidence interval: −0.28 to −0.21) compared with the lowest risk quartile (P = .03). No association was observed for memory and reasoning. Of the individual components of FSRP, only diabetes mellitus was associated independently with faster cognitive decline (β = −0.06; 95% confidence interval, −0.01 to 0.003; P = .03).ConclusionElevated stroke risk at midlife is associated with accelerated cognitive decline over 10 years. Aggregation of risk factors may be especially important in this association.
Templates for geodesic flows
Authors: PINSKY TALI 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe construct templates for geodesic flows on an infinite family of Hecke triangle groups. Our results generalize those of E. Ghys [Knots and dynamics. Proc. Int. Congress of Mathematicians. Vol. 1. International Congress of Mathematicians, Zürich, 2007], who constructed a template for the modular flow in the complement of the trefoil knot in $S^3$. A significant difficulty that arises in any attempt to go beyond the modular flow is the fact that for other Hecke triangles the geodesic flow cannot be viewed as a flow in $S^3$, and one is led to consider embeddings into lens spaces. Our final result is an explicit description of a single ‘Hecke template’ which contains all other templates we construct, allowing a topological study of the periodic orbits of different Hecke triangle groups all at once.
Impact of glycaemic index and dietary fibre on insulin sensitivity during the refeeding phase of a weight cycle in young healthy men
Authors: Lagerpusch Merit , Enderle Janna , Later Wiebke , Eggeling Ben , Pape Detlef , Müller Manfred J. , Bosy-Westphal Anja 
Published: November 2012

Previous studies suggest that a low-glycaemic index (LGI) diet may improve insulin sensitivity (IS). As IS has been shown to decrease during refeeding, we hypothesised that an LGI- v. high-GI (HGI) diet might have favourable effects during this phase. In a controlled nutritional intervention study, sixteen healthy men (aged 26·8 (sd 4·1) years, BMI 23·0 (sd 1·7) kg/m2) followed 1 week of overfeeding, 3 weeks of energy restriction and of 2 weeks refeeding at ± 50 % energy requirement (50 % carbohydrates, 35 % fat and 15 % protein). During refeeding, subjects were divided into two matched groups receiving either high-fibre LGI or lower-fibre HGI foods (GI 40 v. 74, fibre intake 65 (sd 6) v. 27 (sd 4) g/d). Body weight was equally regained in both groups with refeeding (mean regain 70·5 (sd 28·0) % of loss). IS was improved by energy restriction and decreased with refeeding. The decreases in IS were greater in the HGI than in the LGI group (group × time interactions for insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR), Matsuda IS index (MatsudaISI); all P< 0·05). Mean interstitial glucose profiles during the day were also higher in the HGI group (ΔAUCHGI-LGI of continuous interstitial glucose monitoring: 6·6 mmol/l per 14 h, P= 0·04). At the end of refeeding, parameters of IS did not differ from baseline values in either diet group (adiponectin, insulin, HOMAIR, MatsudaISI, M-value; all P>0·05). In conclusion, nutritional stress imposed by dietary restriction and refeeding reveals a GI/fibre effect in healthy non-obese subjects. LGI foods rich in fibre may improve glucose metabolism during the vulnerable refeeding phase of a weight cycle.
What effect has pneumococcal vaccination had on acute mastoiditis?
Authors: Daniel M , Gautam S , Scrivener T A , Meller C , Levin B , Curotta J 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground:Streptococcus pneumoniae is a frequent cause of acute mastoiditis. Despite the recent (2005) introduction of pneumococcal vaccination, mastoiditis incidence and severity may be increasing. This study aimed to assess the incidence, severity and microbiology of acute mastoiditis over an 11-year period.Methods:Retrospective review of paediatric acute mastoiditis cases seen at our institution (2000–2010), comparing patients seen prior to vaccination introduction (period one, 2000–2004), around the time of vaccine introduction (period two, 2005–2007) and post-vaccination (period three, 2008–2010).Results:We reviewed 84 children. In periods one, two and three, respectively: mean annual case load was 8.4, 5 and 9 children; pneumococcal isolates were seen in 40.5, 6.7 and 29.6 per cent of cases; highest recorded fever was 38.6, 38.9 and 38.2°C and highest leukocyte count 18.9, 15.0 and 15.6 × 109/l; incidence of intracranial complications was 11.9, 0 and 7.4 per cent; mean duration of intravenous antibiotics was 6.0, 4.1 and 4.2 days; proportion treated surgically was 71.4, 60.0 and 48.1 per cent; and mean length of in-patient stay shortened.Conclusion:Pneumococcal mastoiditis admission rates appeared to fall when vaccination was introduced, with concomitant reduction in overall mastoiditis incidence and intracranial complications; subsequently, however, admission rates rapidly returned to pre-vaccination levels.
Regular and non-regular solutions of the Riemann problem in ideal magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: TAKAHASHI K. , YAMADA S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe have built a code to numerically solve the Riemann problem in ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) for an arbitrary initial condition to investigate a variety of solutions more thoroughly. The code can handle not only regular solutions, in which no intermediate shocks are involved, but also all types of non-regular solutions if any. As a first application, we explored the neighborhood of the initial condition that was first picked up by Brio and Wu (1988) (Brio, M. and Wu, C. C. 1988 An upwind differencing scheme for the equation of ideal magnetohydrodynamics. J. Comput. Phys. 75, 400–422) and has been frequently employed in the literature as a standard problem to validate numerical codes. Contrary to the conventional wisdom that there will always be a regular solution, we found an initial condition for which there is no regular solution but a non-regular one. The latter solution has only regular solutions in its neighborhood and actually sits on the boundary of regular solutions. This implies that the regular solutions are not sufficient to solve the ideal MHD Riemann problem and suggests that at least some types of non-regular solutions are physical. We also demonstrate that the non-regular solutions are not unique. In fact, we found for the Brio and Wu initial condition that there are uncountably many non-regular solutions. This poses an intriguing question: Why a particular non-regular solution is always obtained in numerical simulations? This has important ramifications to the discussion of which intermediate shocks are really admissible.
Design of a high-efficiency dual-band coaxial relativistic backward wave oscillator with variable coupling impedance and phase velocity
Authors: Tang Yongfu , Meng Lin , Li Hailong , Zheng Ling , Wang Bin , Zhang Feina 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA dual-band high-efficiency coaxial relativistic backward wave oscillator (CRBWO) with asymmetric resonant reflector is designed and presented in this paper. Improved sectioned coaxial slow wave structure (SWS) with stepwise variation of coupling impedance and phase velocity is employed, and the performance of the dual-band CRBWO is investigated by use of a 2.5-D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation code. When the diode voltage is 510 kV and beam current is 9.03 kA, an average microwave power of 1.0 GW with power conversion efficiency of 21.7% is obtained. Synchronously radiating dual-band frequencies of 8.1 GHz and 9.9 GHz are obtained, corresponding to C-band and X-band, respectively. A more clear and stable beating radiation microwave power with beating frequency of 1.8 GHz is acquired.
Walking the Line: Deconstructing Identity, Suicide and Betrayal in Peter Maxwell Davies' Mr Emmet Takes a Walk
Authors: McGregor Richard 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article explores how Peter Maxwell Davies uses thematic and structural devices to chart the means by which the title character in Mr Emmet Takes a Walk is led towards suicide. Discussion centres on how Davies integrates use of quotation and trademark musical gestures into the development of characterisation in order to explore different states of ‘reality, dream and waking fantasy’ by which he seeks to explain the reasons for Emmet's suicide.
Quality of life of older people in China: a systematic review
Authors: Chen Yu , Hicks Allan , While Alison E 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe quality of life (QoL) of older people is of increasing interest in China, due to its ageing population. A systematic review of published QoL studies was undertaken to examine different measurements and related factors of QoL of older people in China. Papers were identified by searching the following electronic databases: Web of Science, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, China Academic Journal and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals. Fifteen studies were included in the review, using eight different QoL measurement tools. Health status, psychological well-being, social well-being, housing and socio-demographic factors were identified as important related factors of QoL. Further studies are needed using valid measurement tools to explore more factors, especially culturally specific contributors, to the QoL of older people.
Possible regulation of Oct60 transcription by a positive feedback loop inXenopusoocytes
Authors: Morichika Keisuke , Sugimoto Makoto , Yasuda Katsuki , Kinoshita Tsutomu 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe POU family subclass V (POU-V) proteins have important roles in maintaining cells in an undifferentiated state. InXenopus, expression of the POU-V protein Oct60 was detected in oocytes and was found to decrease in blastula- to gastrula-stage embryos. In addition, Oct60 overexpression inhibits some signals in early embryogenesis, including Activin/Nodal, BMP, and Wnt signalling. In this report, we analysed mechanisms of Oct60 promoter activation and discovered thatOct60transcription was activated ectopically in somatic nuclei by oocyte extract treatment. Promoter assays demonstrated that Oct60 transcription was activated in oocytes specifically and that this activation was dependent on an Octamer-Sox binding motif. ChIP assays showed that the Oct60 protein binds the motif. These results suggest thatOct60transcription is regulated by a positive-feedback loop inXenopusoocytes.
Meeting defined benefit pension obligations: measurement, risk and flight paths
Authors: Hatchett J. , Hurd M. , Clacher I. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe UK defined benefit pension scheme landscape has changed dramatically over the last few decades. During this period of change, conflicting views regarding the measurement of both assets and liabilities has made communication challenging. In turn, this has led to an under appreciation of risk and often suboptimal decision making. This paper seeks to draw together a variety of contrasting views to provide a coherent framework for stakeholders to meet pension scheme obligations over time.The proposed framework encourages agreement between both scheme sponsors and trustees towards a common target through a well articulated plan or “flight path”. In addition, the proposed flight path structure provides a common basis underpinning the measurement of both pension obligations and the risks inherent in any plan to meet those obligations.
Hippocampal deep brain stimulation reverses physiological and behavioural deficits in a rodent model of schizophrenia
Authors: Perez Stephanie M. , Shah Amiksha , Asher Amber , Lodge Daniel J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSubcortical dopamine system dysregulation has been suggested to underlie the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Recent preclinical investigations and human imaging studies have proposed that the augmented dopamine system function observed in schizophrenia patients may be secondary to aberrant hippocampal activity. Thus, we posit that the hippocampus represents a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of schizophrenia. Here we provide evidence of the effectiveness of a unique approach aimed at decreasing hippocampal function in a rodent model of schizophrenia. Specifically, in a rodent model of schizophrenia, we demonstrate that ventral hippocampal (vHipp) deep brain stimulation (DBS) can normalize aberrant dopamine neuron activity and behaviours associated with positive symptoms. In addition, we provide evidence that this approach may also be effective in restoring deficits in cognitive function, often left unaltered by conventional antipsychotic medications. Therefore, we have provided initial preclinical evidence demonstrating the feasibility of hippocampal DBS as a potential novel approach for the treatment of schizophrenia.
OTHER, UPPITY OBAMA
Authors: Erigha Maryann , Charles Camille Z. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUntil 2008, only White candidates represented either of the two major parties as presidential nominees. Hence, little is known about how race appeals are framed by or against non-White presidential candidates. Barack Obama's election as the Democratic Party nominee allows us to investigate this issue. In this article, we conduct a content analysis of over 160 advertisements from the 2008 U.S. presidential election to examine how race appeals were framed (or countered) by each campaign. We find that the Republican campaign employed implicit racial appeals that played upon stereotypes of non-Whites as “un-American” and “other” and Blacks as “dangerous,” “criminal,” “incompetent,” and “uppity.” In contrast, the Democratic campaign de-emphasized race, portrayed “other” as positive, reinforced American identity, and spoke out against negative advertisements.