bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The social context of the relationship between glycemic control and depressive symptoms in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Arigo Danielle , Smyth Joshua M , Haggerty Kyle , Raggio Greer A 
Published: April 2014

Objective Individuals with type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms have poorer diabetes outcomes than those with diabetes alone, and there is need for improved understanding of the relationship between illness markers and depressive symptoms. The role of social support is well established; less is known about social comparisons (i.e. comparisons to others in the social environment), which are common and influential in chronic illness. The present study examined the mediating effects of social comparison and social support on the relationship between glycemic control and depressive symptoms. Method and outcome measures Participants with physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes ( N = 185) completed an electronic survey about recent depressive symptoms, glycemic control (HbA1c), perceived social support, and social comparison. Results Controlling for relevant covariates, social comparison and social support showed independent statistical mediation of the relationship between glycemic control and depressive symptoms ( ps < 0.05). Path analysis also showed that including indirect pathways through social comparison and social support reduced the relationship between glycemic control and depressive symptoms to nonsignificance ( β = 0.10, p = 0.14). Conclusion These findings demonstrate that social comparison plays a role in the relationship between diabetes regulation and depression, independent of social support. Greater attention to this aspect of the social environment may render better diabetes outcomes.
Engaging new nurses: the role of psychological capital and workplace empowerment
Authors: Boamah Sheila , Laschinger Heather 
Published: April 2014

The purpose of this study was to test a hypothesised model linking perceptions of workplace empowerment and psychological capital (PsyCap) to new graduate nurses’ work engagement by integrating theories of empowerment, PsyCap and work engagement. In response to the nursing shortage, efforts are needed to retain nurses by creating empowering work environments that leverage employee PsyCap to foster work engagement. A secondary analysis of data ( n = 205) from a study by Laschinger et al. (2012) was conducted to test the hypothesised model. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the influence of empowerment and psychological capital on new graduate nurses’ work engagement. Measures of structural empowerment (Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-II), PsyCap (Psychological Capital Questionnaire) and work engagement (Utrecht Work Engagement Scale) were used. The hypothesised model was supported. The combined effect of workplace empowerment and PsyCap explained 38% of the variance in new nurses’ work engagement. Workplace empowerment and PsyCap were significant independent predictors of work engagement ( β = 0.45 and 0.36, p < 0.05, respectively). The results suggest that the combination of personal and organisational resources is related to greater work engagement among new graduate nurses.
Premalignant PTEN-deficient thymocytes activate microRNAs miR-146a and miR-146b as a cellular defense against malignant transformation
Authors: Burger Megan L. , Xue Ling , Sun Yuefang , Kang Chulho , Winoto Astar 
Published: April 2014

Key Points
miR-146a and miR-146b are upregulated during premalignancy in the thymus of T cell–specific PTEN-deficient mice. Transgenic expression of mir-146a/b delays PTEN-deficient lymphomagenesis through repression of TCR signals critical for c-myc activation.
A gain-of-function screen to identify genes that reduce lifespan in the adult of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Nakayama Minoru , Ishibashi Tomoki , Ishikawa Hiroyuki O , Sato Hiroyasu , Usui Takao , Okuda Takayuki , Yashiro Hiroyuki , Ishikawa Hironori , Taikou Yoshie , Minami Asako , Kato Kengo , Taki Masataka , Aigaki Toshiro , Gunji Wataru , Ohtsu Masaya , Murakami Yasufumi , Tanuma Sei-ichi , Tsuboi Alice , Adachi Mai , Kuroda Junpei , Sasamura Takeshi , Yamakawa Tomoko , Matsuno Kenji 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Several lines of evidence associate misregulated genetic expression with risk factors for diabetes, Alzheimer’s, and other diseases that sporadically develop in healthy adults with no background of hereditary disorders. Thus, we are interested in genes that may be expressed normally through parts of an individual’s life, but can cause physiological defects and disease when misexpressed in adulthood.

Results
We attempted to identify these genes in a model organism by arbitrarily misexpressing specific genes in adult Drosophila melanogaster, using 14,133 Gene Search lines. We identified 39 “reduced-lifespan genes” that, when misexpressed in adulthood, shortened the flies’ lifespan to less than 30% of that of control flies. About half of these genes have human orthologs that are known to be involved in human diseases. For about one-fourth of the reduced-lifespan genes, suppressing apoptosis restored the lifespan shortened by their misexpression. We determined the organs responsible for reduced lifespan when these genes were misexpressed specifically in adulthood, and found that while some genes induced reduced lifespan only when misexpressed in specific adult organs, others could induce reduced lifespan when misexpressed in various organs. This finding suggests that tissue-specific dysfunction may be involved in reduced lifespan related to gene misexpression. Gene ontology analysis showed that reduced-lifespan genes are biased toward genes related to development.

Conclusions
We identified 39 genes that, when misexpressed in adulthood, shortened the lifespan of adult flies. Suppressing apoptosis rescued this shortened lifespan for only a subset of the reduced-lifespan genes. The adult tissues in which gene misexpression caused early death differed among the reduced-lifespan genes. These results suggest that the cause of reduced lifespan upon misexpression differed among the genes.
Transcriptome profiling of genes and pathways associated with arsenic toxicity and tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Fu Shih-Feng , Chen Po-Yu , Nguyen Quynh Thi Thuy , Huang Li-Yao , Zeng Guan-Ru , Huang Tsai-Lien , Lin Chung-Yi , Huang Hao-Jen 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundArsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid found ubiquitously in the environment and widely considered an acute poison and carcinogen. However, the molecular mechanisms of the plant response to As and ensuing tolerance have not been extensively characterized. Here, we report on transcriptional changes with As treatment in twoArabidopsisaccessions, Col-0 and Ws-2.ResultsThe root elongation rate was greater for Col-0 than Ws-2 with As exposure. Accumulation of As was lower in the more tolerant accession Col-0 than in Ws-2. We compared the effect of As exposure on genome-wide gene expression in the two accessions by comparative microarray assay. The genes related to heat response and oxidative stresses were common to both accessions, which indicates conserved As stress-associated responses for the two accessions. Most of the specific response genes encoded heat shock proteins, heat shock factors, ubiquitin and aquaporin transporters. Genes coding for ethylene-signalling components were enriched in As-tolerant Col-0 with As exposure. A tolerance-associated gene candidate encoding Leucine-Rich Repeat receptor-like kinase VIII (LRR-RLK VIII) was selected for functional characterization. Genetic loss-of-function analysis of theLRR-RLK VIIIgene revealed altered As sensitivity and the metal accumulation in roots.ConclusionsThus, ethylene-related pathways, maintenance of protein structure and LRR-RLK VIII-mediated signalling may be important mechanisms for toxicity and tolerance to As in the species. Here, we provide a comprehensive survey of global transcriptional regulation for As and identify stress- and tolerance-associated genes responding to As.
Feasibility and impact of a post–discharge geriatric evaluation and management service for patients from residential care: the Residential Care Intervention Program in the Elderly (RECIPE)
Authors: Harvey Penelope , Storer Meg , Berlowitz David John , Jackson Bruce , Hutchinson Anastasia , Lim Wen Kwang 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Geriatric evaluation and management has become standard care for community dwelling older adults following an acute admission to hospital. It is unclear whether this approach is beneficial for the frailest older adults living in permanent residential care. This study was undertaken to evaluate (1) the feasibility and consumer satisfaction with a geriatrician-led supported discharge service for older adults living in residential care facilities (RCF) and (2) its impact on the uptake of Advanced Care Planning (ACP) and acute health care service utilisation.

Methods
In 2002–4 a randomised controlled trial was conducted in Melbourne, Australia comparing the geriatrician–led outreach service to usual care for RCF residents. Patients were recruited during their acute hospital stay and followed up at the RCF for six months. The intervention group received a post-discharge home visit within 96 hours, at which a comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed and a care plan developed. Participants and their families were also offered further meetings to discuss ACPs and document Advanced Directives (AD). Additional reviews were made available for assessment and management of intercurrent illness within the RCF. Consumer satisfaction was surveyed using a postal questionnaire.

Results
The study included 116 participants (57 intervention and 59 controls) with comparable baseline characteristics. The service was well received by consumers demonstrated by higher satisfaction with care in the intervention group compared to controls (95% versus 58%, p = 0.006).
AD were completed by 67% of participants/proxy decision makers in the intervention group compared to 13% of RCF residents prior to service commencement. At six months there was a significant reduction in outpatient visits (intervention 21 (37%) versus controls 45 (76%), (p < 0.001), but no difference in readmissions rates (39% intervention versus 34% control, p = 0.6). There was a trend towards reduced hospital bed-day utilisation (intervention 271 versus controls 372 days).

Conclusion
It is feasible to provide a supported discharge service that includes geriatrician assessment and care planning within a RCF. By expanding the service there is the potential for acute health care cost savings by decreasing the demand for outpatient consultation and further reducing acute care bed-days.
Common sequence variants in the LOXL1gene in pigment dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma
Authors: Giardina Emiliano , Oddone Francesco , Lepre Tiziana , Centofanti Marco , Peconi Cristina , Tanga Lucia , Quaranta Luciano , Frezzotti Paolo , Novelli Giuseppe , Manni Gianluca 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the LOXL1 gene are associated with pseudoesfoliation syndrome and pseudoesfoliation glaucoma. The aim of our study is to investigate a potential involvement of LOXL1 gene in the pathogenesis of pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) and pigmentary glaucoma (PG).

Methods
A cohort of Caucasian origin of 84 unrelated and clinically well-characterised patients with PDS/PG and 200 control subjects were included in the study. Genomic DNA from whole blood was extracted and the coding and regulatory regions of LOXL1 gene were risequenced in both patients and controls to identify unknown sequence variations. Genotype and haplotype analysis were performed with UNPHASED software. The expression levels of LOXL1 were determined on c-DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.

Results
A significant allele association was detected for SNP rs2304722 within the fifth intron of LOXL1 (Odds ratio (OR = 2.43, p-value = 3,05e-2). Haplotype analysis revealed the existence of risk and protective haplotypes associated with PG-PDS (OR = 3.35; p-value = 1.00e-5 and OR = 3.35; p-value = 1.00e-4, respectively). Expression analysis suggests that associated haplotypes can regulate the expression level LOXL1.

Conclusions
Haplotypes of LOXL1 are associated with PG-PDS independently from rs1048661, leading to a differential expression of the transcript.
Autoinhibition of the Ron receptor tyrosine kinase by the juxtamembrane domain
Authors: Wang Xin , Yennawar Neela , Hankey Pamela A 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
The Ron receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) has been implicated in the progression of a number of carcinomas, thus understanding the regulatory mechanisms governing its activity is of potential therapeutic significance. A critical role for the juxtamembrane domain in regulating RTK activity is emerging, however the mechanism by which this regulation occurs varies considerably from receptor to receptor.

Results
Unlike other RTKs described to date, tyrosines in the juxtamembrane domain of Ron are inconsequential for receptor activation. Rather, we have identified an acidic region in the juxtamembrane domain of Ron that plays a central role in promoting receptor autoinhibition. Furthermore, our studies demonstrate that phosphorylation of Y1198 in the kinase domain promotes Ron activation, likely by relieving the inhibitory constraints imposed by the juxtamembrane domain.

Conclusions
Taken together, our experimental data and molecular modeling provide a better understanding of the mechanisms governing Ron activation, which will lay the groundwork for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for targeting Ron in human malignancies.
The capacity of a class of state-dependent relay channel with orthogonal components and side information at the source and the relay
Authors: Deng Zhixiang , Wang Baoyun , Lang Fei 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this paper, a class of state-dependent relay channel with orthogonal channels from the source to the relay and from the source and the relay to the destination is studied. The two orthogonal channels are corrupted by two independent channel states S
R and S
D, respectively, which are known to both the source and the relay. The lower bounds on the capacity are established for the channel either with non-causal channel state information or with causal channel state information. Further, we show that the lower bound with non-causal channel state information is tight if the receiver output Y is a deterministic function of the relay input X
r, the channel state S
D, and one of the source inputs X
D, i.e., Y = f(X
D, X
r, S
D), and the relay output Y
r is restricted to be controlled by only the source input X
R and the channel state S
R, i.e., the channel from the source to the relay is governed by the conditional probability distribution

P

Y
r

|

X
R

,

S
R

. The capacity for this class of semi-deterministic orthogonal relay channel is characterized exactly. The results are then extended to the Gaussian cases, modeling the channel states as additive Gaussian interferences. The capacity is characterized for the channel when the channel state information is known non-causally. However, when the channel state information is known causally, the capacity cannot be characterized in general. In this case, the lower bound on the capacity is established, and the capacity is characterized when the power of the relay is sufficiently large. Some numerical examples of the causal state information case are provided to illustrate the impact of the channel state and the role of the relay in information transmission and in cleaning the channel state.
Carotid blood flow, cardiovascular and endocrine responses during head-up tilt in patients with acute cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: Miyake Takahiro , Nakamura Takeshi , Kouda Ken , Uenishi Hiroyasu , Yamamoto Yoshio , Kawasaki Shinji , Ueno Masami , Tajima Fumihiro 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to define common carotid blood flow (CBF), cardiovascular and endocrine responses during head-up tilt (HUT) in patients with acute cerebrovascular diseases (CVD). In 31 male patients with acute CVD (damage of the supratentorial area) and 21 age-matched control male subjects, we measured CBF, mean blood pressure (MBP), heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output responses before (baseline), during and after HUT. We also measured plasma levels of antidiuretic hormone, adrenaline, noradrenaline, aldosterone and plasma renin activity. After obtaining baseline measurements during 3-minutes horizontal position, HUT was performed for 5 minutes, followed by continuation of recording for 3 more minutes in the horizontal position. During HUT, CBF decreased significantly and equally in both groups. MBP did not change during HUT in both groups. The endocrine responses were also not different between the two groups. The results suggest that damage to the supratentorial area in patients with acute CVD do not alter the CBF, cardiovascular and endocrine responses. In other words, HUT does not predispose patients with acute CVD to serious falls in MBP and CBF at upright posture.
Neural stem cells genetically-modified to express neprilysin reduce pathology in Alzheimer transgenic models
Authors: Blurton-Jones Mathew , Spencer Brian , Michael Sara , Castello Nicholas A , Agazaryan Andranik A , Davis Joy L , Müller Franz-Josef , Loring Jeanne F , Masliah Eliezer , LaFerla Frank M 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Short-term neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation improves cognition in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) transgenic mice by enhancing endogenous synaptic connectivity. However, this approach has no effect on the underlying beta-amyloid (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangle pathology. Long term efficacy of cell based approaches may therefore require combinatorial approaches.

Methods
To begin to examine this question we genetically-modified NSCs to stably express and secrete the Aβ-degrading enzyme, neprilysin (sNEP). Next, we studied the effects of sNEP expression in vitro by quantifying Aβ-degrading activity, NSC multipotency markers, and Aβ-induced toxicity. To determine whether sNEP-expressing NSCs can also modulate AD-pathogenesis in vivo, control-modified and sNEP-NSCs were transplanted unilaterally into the hippocampus of two independent and well characterized transgenic models of AD: 3xTg-AD and Thy1-APP mice. After three months, stem cell engraftment, neprilysin expression, and AD pathology were examined.

Results
Our findings reveal that stem cell-mediated delivery of NEP provides marked and significant reductions in Aβ pathology and increases synaptic density in both 3xTg-AD and Thy1-APP transgenic mice. Remarkably, Aβ plaque loads are reduced not only in the hippocampus and subiculum adjacent to engrafted NSCs, but also within the amygdala and medial septum, areas that receive afferent projections from the engrafted region.

Conclusions
Taken together, our data suggest that genetically-modified NSCs could provide a powerful combinatorial approach to not only enhance synaptic plasticity but to also target and modify underlying Alzheimer’s disease pathology.
What a jerk: prey engulfment revealed by high-rate, super-cranial accelerometry on a harbour seal (Phoca vitulina)
Authors: Ydesen Kristina S. , Wisniewska Danuta M. , Hansen Janni D. , Beedholm Kristian , Johnson Mark , Madsen Peter T. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A key component in understanding the ecological role of marine mammal predators is to identify how, where and how much prey they capture in time and space. Satellite and archival tags on pinnipeds generally only provide diving and positioning information, and foraging is often inferred to take place in particular shaped dives or when the animal remains in an area for an extended interval. However, fast movements of the head and jaws may provide reliable feeding cues that can be detected by small low-power accelerometers mounted on the head. To test this notion, a harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) was trained to wear an OpenTag (sampling at 200 or 333 Hz with ±2 or ±16 g clipping) on its head while catching fish prey in front of four underwater digital high-speed video cameras. We show that both raptorial and suction feeding generate jerk (i.e., differential of acceleration) signatures with maximum peak values exceeding 1000 m/s3. We conclude that reliable prey capture cues can be derived from fast-sampling, head mounted accelerometer tags thus holding a promising potential for long-term studies of foraging ecology and field energetics of aquatic predators in their natural environments.
Olfactory learning and memory in the disease vector mosquito,Aedes aegypti
Authors: Vinauger Clément , Lutz Eleanor K. , Riffell Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOlfactory learning in blood-feeding insects, such as mosquitoes, could play an important role in host preference and disease transmission. However, standardized protocols allowing testing of their learning abilities are currently lacking, and how different olfactory stimuli are learned by these insects remains unknown. Using a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm, we trained individuals and groups of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to associate an odorant conditioned stimulus (CS), with a blood reinforced thermal stimulus (unconditioned stimulus; US). Results showed, first, that mosquitoes could learn the association between L-lactic acid and the US, and retained the association for at least 24 h. Second, the success of olfactory conditioning was dependent upon the CS - some odorants that elicited indifferent responses in naïve mosquitoes, such as L-lactic acid and 1-octen-3-ol, were readily learned, whereas others went from aversive to attractive after training (Z-3-hexen-1-ol) or were untrainable (ß-myrcene and benzyl alcohol). Third, we examined whether mosquitoes’ ability to learn could interfere with the action of the insect repellent DEET. Results demonstrated that pre-exposure and the presence of DEET in the CS reduced the aversive effects of DEET. Last, the nature of the formed memories was explored. Experiments using cold-shock treatments within the first 6 h post-training (for testing anaesthesia-resistant memory) and a protein synthesis inhibitor (Cycloheximide; to disrupt the formation of long-term memory) both affected mosquitoes’ performances. Together, these results show that learning is a critical component in odour responses in Ae. aegypti, and provide the first evidence for the functional role of different memory traces in these responses.