bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-Driven Resource Planning of a Health Care Facility Evacuation
Authors: Petinaux Bruno , Yadav Kabir 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe evacuation of a health care facility is a complex undertaking, especially if done in an immediate fashion, ie, within minutes. Patient factors, such as continuous medical care needs, mobility, and comprehension, will affect the efficiency of the evacuation and translate into evacuation resource needs. Prior evacuation resource estimates are 30 years old.MethodsUtilizing a cross-sectional survey of charge nurses of the clinical units in an urban, academic, adult trauma health care facility (HCF), the evacuation needs of hospitalized patients were assessed periodically over a two-year period.ResultsSurvey data were collected on 2,050 patients. Units with patients having low continuous medical care needs during an emergency evacuation were the postpartum, psychiatry, rehabilitation medicine, surgical, and preoperative anesthesia care units, the Emergency Department, and Labor and Delivery Department (with the exception of patients in Stage II labor). Units with patients having high continuous medical care needs during an evacuation included the neonatal and adult intensive care units, special procedures unit, and operating and post-anesthesia care units. With the exception of the neonate group, 908 (47%) of the patients would be able to walk out of the facility, 492 (25.5%) would require a wheelchair, and 530 (27.5%) would require a stretcher to exit the HCF. A total of 1,639 patients (84.9%) were deemed able to comprehend the need to evacuate and to follow directions; the remainder were sedated, blind, or deaf. The charge nurses also determined that 17 (6.9%) of the 248 adult intensive care unit patients were too ill to survive an evacuation, and that in 10 (16.4%) of the 61 ongoing surgery cases, stopping the case was not considered to be safe.ConclusionHeath care facilities can utilize the results of this study to model their anticipated resource requirements for an emergency evacuation. This will permit the Incident Management Team to mobilize the necessary resources both within the facility and the community to provide for the safest evacuation of patients.PetinauxB, YadavK. Patient-driven resource planning of a health care facility evacuation. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(2):1-7.
Feasibility of automotive radar at frequencies beyond 100 GHz
Authors: Köhler Mike , Hasch Jürgen , Blöcher Hans Ludwig , Schmidt Lorenz-Peter 
Published: December 2012

Radar sensors are used widely in modern driver assistance systems. Available sensors nowadays often operate in the 77 GHz band and can accurately provide distance, velocity, and angle information about remote objects. Increasing the operation frequency allows improving the angular resolution and accuracy. In this paper, the technical feasibility to move the operation frequency beyond 100 GHz is discussed, by investigating dielectric properties of radome materials, the attenuation of rain and atmosphere, radar cross-section behavior, active circuits technology, and frequency regulation issues. Moreover, a miniaturized antenna at 150 GHz is presented to demonstrate the possibilities of high-resolution radar for cars.
Regulation of food advertising to children on television: is it necessary and does it work?
Authors: Boyland E. J. , Halford J. C. G. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
In light of the current obesity epidemic, the role of food advertising on television has been scrutinized in numerous studies, constituting a rich and growing body of literature to suggest that the exposure to food promotion is detrimental to children's diets. This paper reviews recent research to identify critical issues within the field relating to the prevalence and effects of food advertising on television, as well as the regulatory strategies (both statutory and self-regulatory approaches) adopted to try to tackle the problem. Although considerable evidence exists that children's food choices and intake are negatively affected by food advertising, research and knowledge gaps are still evident, and data relating to the impact of regulations are limited and equivocal. Weaknesses in the construction of regulations or with their implementation can restrict their effectiveness at reducing children's exposure to unhealthy food advertising. This review summarizes key findings from the literature, suggests evidence gaps to be bridged by future research, provides an overview of the main issues regarding regulation, details a number of current regulatory approaches and their weaknesses, and concludes with suggestions of the criteria that regulation would need to be meet to successfully reduce children's exposure to nutrient-poor food promotion on television.
Potential Effects of Changes in Temperature and Food Resources on Life History Trajectories of Juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Benjamin Joseph R. , Connolly Patrick J. , Romine Jason G. , Perry Russell W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIncreasing temperatures and changes in food resources owing to climate change may alter the growth and migratory behavior of organisms. This is particularly important for salmonid species like Oncorhynchus mykiss, where some individuals remain in freshwater to mature (nonanadromous Rainbow Trout) and others migrate to sea (anadromous Steelhead). Whether one strategy is adopted over the other may depend on the individual's growth and size. In this study, we explored (1) how water temperature in Beaver Creek, a tributary to the Methow River, Washington, may increase under four climate scenarios, (2) how these thermal changes may alter the life history trajectory followed by O. mykiss (i.e., when and if to smolt), and (3) how changes in food quality or quantity might interact with increasing temperatures. We combined bioenergetic and state‐dependent life history models parameterized for O. mykiss in Beaver Creek to mimic baseline life history trajectories. Based on our simulations, when mean water temperature was increased by 0.6°C there was a reduction in life history diversity and a 57% increase in the number of individuals becoming smolts. When mean temperature was increased by 2.7°C, it resulted in 87% fewer smolts than in the baseline and fewer life history trajectories expressed. A reduction in food resources led to slower growth, more life history trajectories, and a greater proportion of smolts. In contrast, when food resources were increased, fish grew faster, which reduced the proportion of smolts and life history diversity. Our modeling suggests that warmer water temperatures associated with climate change could decrease the life history diversity of O. mykiss in the central portion of their range and thereby reduce resiliency to other disturbances. In addition, changes in food resources could mediate or exacerbate the effect of water temperature on the life history trajectories of O. mykiss.
Spatial Segregation of Spawning Habitat Limits Hybridization between Sympatric Native Steelhead and Coastal Cutthroat Trout
Authors: Buehrens T. W. , Glasgow J. , Ostberg C. O. , Quinn T. P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractNative Coastal Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii and Coastal Steelhead O. mykiss irideus hybridize naturally in watersheds of the Pacific Northwest yet maintain species integrity. Partial reproductive isolation due to differences in spawning habitat may limit hybridization between these species, but this process is poorly understood. We used a riverscape approach to determine the spatial distribution of spawning habitats used by native Coastal Cutthroat Trout and Steelhead as evidenced by the distribution of recently emerged fry. Molecular genetic markers were used to classify individuals as pure species or hybrids, and individuals were assigned to age‐classes based on length. Fish and physical habitat data were collected in a spatially continuous framework to assess the relationship between habitat and watershed features and the spatial distribution of parental species and hybrids. Sampling occurred in 35 reaches from tidewaters to headwaters in a small (20 km2) coastal watershed in Washington State. Cutthroat, Steelhead, and hybrid trout accounted for 35%, 42%, and 23% of the fish collected, respectively. Strong segregation of spawning areas between Coastal Cutthroat Trout and Steelhead was evidenced by the distribution of age‐0 trout. Cutthroat Trout were located farther upstream and in smaller tributaries than Steelhead were. The best predictor of species occurrence at a site was the drainage area of the watershed that contributed to the site. This area was positively correlated with the occurrence of age‐0 Steelhead and negatively with the presence of Cutthroat Trout, whereas hybrids were found in areas occupied by both parental species. A similar pattern was observed in older juveniles of both species but overlap was greater, suggesting substantial dispersal of trout after emergence. Our results offer support for spatial reproductive segregation as a factor limiting hybridization between Steelhead and Coastal Cutthroat Trout.
Quantifying the Impact of Extranasal Testing of Body Sites for Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusColonization at the Time of Hospital or Intensive Care Unit Admission
Authors: McKinnell James A. , Huang Susan S. , Eells Samantha J. , Cui Eric , Miller Loren G. 
Published: December 2012

Objective.Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections. Recent legislative mandates require nares screening for MRSA at hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in many states. However, MRSA colonization at extranasal sites is increasingly recognized. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify the yield of extranasal testing for MRSA.Design.We searched MEDLINE from January 1966 through January 2012 for articles comparing nasal and extranasal screening for MRSA colonization. Studies were categorized by population tested, specifically those admitted to ICUs and those admitted to hospitals with a high prevalence (6% or greater) or low prevalence (less than 6%) of MRSA carriers. Data were extracted using a standardized instrument.Results.We reviewed 4,381 abstracts and 735 articles. Twenty-three articles met the criteria for analysis (n= 39,479 patients). Extranasal MRSA screening increased the yield by approximately one-third over nares alone. The yield was similar at ICU admission (weighted average, 33%; range, 9%–69%) and hospital admission in high-prevalence (weighted average, 37%; range, 9%–86%) and low-prevalence (weighted average, 50%; range, 0%–150%) populations. For comparisons between individual extranasal sites, testing the oropharynx increased MRSA detection by 21% over nares alone; rectum, by 20%; wounds, by 17%; and axilla, by 7%.Conclusions.Extranasal MRSA screening at hospital or ICU admission in adults will increase MRSA detection by one-third compared with nares screening alone. Findings were consistent among subpopulations examined. Extranasal testing may be a valuable strategy for outbreak control or in settings of persistent disease, particularly when combined with decolonization or enhanced infection prevention protocols.
ChEMBLSpace—a graphical explorer of the chemogenomic space covered by the ChEMBL database
Authors: Fechner Nikolas , Papadatos George , Evans David , Morphy John Richard , Brewerton Suzanne Clare , Thorner David , Bodkin Michael 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Motivation: The ChEMBLSpace graphical explorer enables the identification of compounds from the ChEMBL database, which exhibit a desirable polypharmacology profile. This profile can be predefined or created iteratively, and the tool can be extended to other data sources.
Contact: m.bodkin@lilly.com
Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance reveals early‐ and late‐onset changes to in vivo pyruvate metabolism in the failing heart
Authors: Schroeder Marie A. , Lau Angus Z. , Chen Albert P. , Gu Yiping , Nagendran Jeevan , Barry Jennifer , Hu Xudong , Dyck Jason R.B. , Tyler Damian J. , Clarke Kieran , Connelly Kim A. , Wright Graham A. , Cunningham Charles H. 
Published: December 2012

AimsImpaired energy metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance (MR), in which 13C‐labelled metabolites are followed using MR imaging (MRI) or spectroscopy (MRS), has enabled non‐invasive assessment of pyruvate metabolism. We investigated the hypothesis that if we serially examined a model of heart failure using non‐invasive hyperpolarized [13C]pyruvate with MR, the profile of in vivo pyruvate oxidation would change throughout the course of the disease.Methods and resultsDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) was induced in pigs (n = 5) by rapid pacing. Pigs were examined using MR at weekly time points: cine‐MRI assessed cardiac structure and function; hyperpolarized [2‐13C]pyruvate was administered intravenously, and 13C MRS monitored [13C]glutamate production; 31P MRS assessed cardiac energetics [phosphocreatine (PCr)/ATP]; and hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate was administered for MRI of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)‐mediated pyruvate oxidation via [13C]bicarbonate production. Early in pacing, the cardiac index decreased by 25%, PCr/ATP decreased by 26%, and [13C]glutamate production decreased by 51%. After clinical features of DCM appeared, end‐diastolic volume increased by 40% and [13C]bicarbonate production decreased by 67%. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 protein increased by two‐fold, and phosphorylated Akt decreased by half. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1 gene expression decreased by a half and a third, respectively.ConclusionDespite early changes associated with cardiac energetics and 13C incorporation into the Krebs cycle, pyruvate oxidation was maintained until DCM developed, when the heart's capacity to oxidize both pyruvate and fats was reduced. Hyperpolarized 13C MR may be important to characterize metabolic changes that occur during heart failure progression.
Adopting a Label: Heterogeneity in the Economic Consequences Around IAS/IFRS Adoptions
Authors: DASKE HOLGER , HAIL LUZI , LEUZ CHRISTIAN , VERDI RODRIGO 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThis study examines liquidity and cost of capital effects around voluntary and mandatory IAS/IFRS adoptions. In contrast to prior work, we focus on the firm‐level heterogeneity in the economic consequences, recognizing that firms have considerable discretion in how they implement the new standards. Some firms may make very few changes and adopt IAS/IFRS more in name, while for others the change in standards could be part of a strategy to increase their commitment to transparency. To test these predictions, we classify firms into “label” and “serious” adopters using firm‐level changes in reporting incentives, actual reporting behavior, and the external reporting environment around the switch to IAS/IFRS. We analyze whether capital‐market effects are different across “serious” and “label” firms. While on average liquidity and cost of capital often do not change around voluntary IAS/IFRS adoptions, we find considerable heterogeneity: “Serious” adoptions are associated with an increase in liquidity and a decline in cost of capital, whereas “label” adoptions are not. We obtain similar results when classifying firms around mandatory IFRS adoption. Our findings imply that we have to exercise caution when interpreting capital‐market effects around IAS/IFRS adoption as they also reflect changes in reporting incentives or in firms’ broader reporting strategies, and not just the standards.
Improvement in the accuracy of references in the journalEmergencyMedicineAustralasia
Authors: O'Connor Alan E , Lukin William , Eriksson Lars , O'Connor Colm 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo study any change in reference accuracy in theAustralasian emergency medicine journal (now known asEmergencyMedicineAustralasia), in the 10 years since a previous analysis was undertaken.MethodA sample of 100 randomly selected references was compared with the results from the previous analysis.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in the number of citations with errors and in the total number of errors.ConclusionThis paper demonstrates a significant improvement in the accuracy of references in the journalEmergencyMedicineAustralasiaover the past decade. This paper did not identify the reasons for this improvement, but potential causes might include the introduction of a web‐based peer review and manuscript submission process, as well as improved reference bibliography systems by authors. In addition, an increase in the overall standard of paper submitted to the journal might have contributed to this improvement.
Intern underperformance is detected more frequently in emergency medicine rotations
Authors: Aram Narelle , Brazil Victoria , Davin Lorna , Greenslade Jaimi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the frequency and nature of intern underperformance as documented on in‐training assessment forms.MethodsA retrospective review of intern assessment forms from a 2 year period (2009–2010) was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital in Brisbane, Queensland. The frequency of interns assessed as ‘requiring substantial assistance’ and/or ‘requires further development’ on mid‐ or end‐of‐term assessment forms was determined. Forms were analysed by the clinical rotation, time of year and domain(s) of clinical practice in which underperformance was documented.ResultsDuring 2009 and 2010 the overall documented incidence of intern underperformance was 2.4% (95% CI 1.5–3.9%). Clinical rotation in emergency medicine detected significantly more underperformance compared with other rotations (P < 0.01). Interns predominantly had difficulty with ‘clinical judgment and decision‐making skills’, ‘time management skills’ and ‘teamwork and colleagues’ (62.5%, 55% and 32.5% of underperforming assessments, respectively). Time of the year did not affect frequency of underperformance. A proportion of 13.4% (95% CI 9.2–19.0%) of interns working at the institution over the study period received at least one assessment in which underperformance was documented. Seventy‐six per cent of those interns who had underperformance identified by mid‐term assessment successfully completed the term following remediation.ConclusionThe prevalence of underperformance among interns is low, although higher than previously suggested. Emergency medicine detects relatively more interns in difficulty than other rotations.
Reevaluating the conceptual framework for applied research on host‐plant resistance
Authors: Stout Michael J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractApplied research on host‐plant resistance to arthropod pests has been guided over the past 60 years by a framework originally developed by Reginald Painter in his 1951 book, Insect Resistance in Crop Plants. Painter divided the “phenomena” of resistance into three “mechanisms,” nonpreference (later renamed antixenosis), antibiosis, and tolerance. The weaknesses of this framework are discussed. In particular, this trichotomous framework does not encompass all known mechanisms of resistance, and the antixenosis and antibiosis categories are ambiguous and inseparable in practice. These features have perhaps led to a simplistic approach to understanding arthropod resistance in crop plants. A dichotomous scheme is proposed as a replacement, with a major division between resistance (plant traits that limit injury to the plant) and tolerance (plant traits that reduce amount of yield loss per unit injury), and the resistance category subdivided into constitutive/inducible and direct/indirect subcategories. The most important benefits of adopting this dichotomous scheme are to more closely align the basic and applied literatures on plant resistance and to encourage a more mechanistic approach to studying plant resistance in crop plants. A more mechanistic approach will be needed to develop novel approaches for integrating plant resistance into pest management programs.
Monitoring of population dynamics of Corynebacterium glutamicum by multiparameter flow cytometry
Authors: Neumeyer Andrea , Hübschmann Thomas , Müller Susann , Frunzke Julia 
Published: December 2012

SummaryPhenotypic variation of microbial populations is a well‐known phenomenon and may have significant impact on the success of industrial bioprocesses. Flow cytometry (FC) and the large repertoire of fluorescent dyes bring the high‐throughput analysis of multiple parameters in single bacterial cells into reach. In this study, we evaluated a set of different fluorescent dyes for suitability in FC single cell analysis of the biotechnological platform organism Corynebacterium glutamicum. Already simple scattering properties of C. glutamicum cells in the flow cytometer were shown to provide valuable information on the growth activity of analysed cells. Furthermore, we used DAPI staining for a FC‐based determination of the DNA content of C. glutamicum cells grown on standard minimal or complex media. Characteristic DNA patterns were observed mirroring the typical uncoupled DNA synthesis in the logarithmic (log) growth phase and are in agreement with a symmetric type of cell division of C. glutamicum. Application of the fluorescent dyes Syto 9, propidium iodide, and DiOC2(3) allowed the identification of subpopulations with reduced viability and membrane potential within early log and stationary phase populations. The presented data highlight the potential of FC‐based analyses for online monitoring of C. glutamicum bioprocesses and provide a first reference for future applications and protocols.
The potential of hydroxamic acids in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat varieties as resistance factors against the bird‐cherry oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi
Authors: Elek H. , Smart L. , Martin J. , Ahmad S. , Gordon‐Weeks R. , Welham S. , Nádasy M. , Pickett J.A. , Werner C.P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe potential for exploiting natural wheat resistance to control the cereal aphid Rhopalosiphum padi, the most important aphid pest of small grain cereals in the UK, was investigated as an alternative approach to the use of insecticides. The investigation focussed on a group of secondary metabolites, the hydroxamic acids or benzoxazinones, present naturally as glucosides, but which hydrolyse on tissue damage to give biologically active aglycones, e.g. 2,4‐dihydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one (DIMBOA) which are associated with natural plant defence. These can be important for resistance against insects, fungi, bacteria and nematodes for a range of cultivated monocotyledonous plants and could ultimately be combined with other defence mechanisms to provide a general approach to cereal aphid control. Levels of hydroxamic acids, particularly DIMBOA‐glucoside, were determined in hexaploid (Triticum aestivum) and tetraploid (Triticum durum) wheat varieties and differences were found between species and varieties. The effect of feeding by R. padi on the level of hydroxamic acids in the leaf tissue was also investigated. Thus, after 24 h of aphid feeding, as an apparently localised hydrolytic defence reaction in the leaf, levels of DIMBOA‐glucoside decreased noticeably. When aphids were fed on sucrose solution containing low doses of DIMBOA there was a significant mortality compared to the sucrose control. However, the levels of and variation in hydroxamic acids in the wheat varieties investigated were insufficient for significant differences in aphid behaviour and development.