bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress-testing the international poverty line and the official global poverty statistics
Authors: Moatsos Michail , Lazopoulos Achillefs 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe investigate the current method of derivation of the international poverty line used for monitoring SDG 1 in two key directions: (a) we ask whether the official method used by the World Bank is fit for the purpose of measuring extreme poverty and if their method is defensibly valid both internally and externally; and (b) we ask whether the resulting statistics perform acceptably well in terms of accuracy and precision. Using comparative analysis, error accounting methods, and minimization criteria, on key poverty indicators, our investigation gathers compelling evidence that leans towards a negative answer to both questions. We conclude that the adoption of alternative methods for monitoring global poverty should be considered in an official capacity with urgency.
Methods for measuring career readiness of high school students: based on multidimensional item response theory and text mining
Authors: Wang Peng , Zheng Yuanxin , Zhang Mingzhu , Yin Kexin , Geng Fei , Zheng Fangxiao , Ma Junchi , Wu Xiaojie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn contemporary society, career readiness holds paramount significance for individual life, exerting a direct influence on initial employment, job satisfaction, and the sense of career identity. Framed within multidimensional item response theory and text mining, this study embarks on exploring assessment methodologies for high school students’ career readiness by revising the “Career Readiness Questionnaire – Adolescent Version” and employing text mining techniques. Study One collected 1261 valid data points through cluster sampling. With the aid of Bayesian multivariate item response theory parameter estimation procedures and R language, the career readiness measurement tool was revised, yielding a concise scale that aligns with psychometric requirements. The research findings indicated that the concept of “career readiness” is more suitable for the multidimensional graded response model than for the bifactor model. The dataset’s discrimination parameters fell within the range of [1.59, 3.84], the difficulty parameters fell between [−2.91, 2.24], and the peak values of the maximum information functions fell within [0.24, 2.35]. After six items with the lowest peaks were removed (Items 4, 5, 6, 31, 32, and 33), the remaining 30 items composed the Chinese concise version “Career Readiness Questionnaire – Adolescent Version,” with discrimination parameters ranging from [1.45, 3.38], difficulty parameters between [−3.31, 1.76], and maximum information function peaks within [0.50, 2.64]. Building upon the effective participants from Study One, Study Two matched questionnaire data with textual information, resulting in 1012 valid participants. Leveraging text mining, a machine learning model was constructed to predict high school students’ career readiness based on essay texts. The results of Study 2 prove that the revised lexicon was more accurate in feature extraction. Building upon this, the machine learning model for essay text demonstrated excellent performance in predicting career readiness, with random forest outperforming the other algorithms. This study provides a novel approach for schools and parents to comprehend the state of career readiness among high school students, offering a convenient and effective tool for educational activities related to students’ career development.
Anaphora resolution in L2 European Portuguese
Authors: Madeira Ana , Fiéis Alexandra , Teixeira Joana 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the interpretation of subject pronouns in L1 Italian – L2 European
Portuguese, considering animacy effects and the position of the antecedent. Participants were 25 adult EP native
speakers, 25 upper-intermediate, 25 advanced, and 19 near-native Italian adult learners of L2 EP. They were
administered two multiple-choice tasks (speeded and untimed) with a 2 x 2 design crossing the following variables:
animacy of the matrix object (animate vs. inanimate) and type of embedded pronominal subject (overt vs. null). Results
indicate that L2 learners show problems only in the areas where the L1 and the L2 differ, namely: the resolution of
overt subjects in the presence of [−animate] object antecedent and the resolution of null subjects. Learners’
performance in these areas remains unstable even at the near-native level. These findings challenge the ideas that
only overt subjects are persistently problematic in L2 acquisition and that the L1 plays a minor role in anaphora
resolution.
Relative clauses and intervention effects
Authors: Lira Thainá Amador , Augusto Marina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the presence of pronoun elements as
intervening subjects in the elicitation of object relative clauses (ORCs) by children and adults (as a control group).
It has been argued that the presence of a full DP intervening subject in ORCs brings difficulties for young children
and that a significant improvement is obtained when the intervening subject lacks a lexical restriction. In this
study, the elicitation of subject RCs, ORCs displaying a full DP, ORCs displaying third person pronouns, and ORCs
displaying second person pronouns is contrasted. It is hypothesized that the person feature plays a role in helping to
distinguish the moved object from the intervening subject and subsequently producing ORCs with first or second
pronouns should be facilitated. Brazilian Portuguese (BP) speakers participated in the study: 14 younger 4-year-old
children; 14 older 6-year-old children; and 21 adults. Results show better performance for ORCs displaying second
person pronouns, suggesting that the person feature matters. Alternative and non-adequate responses are evaluated. So
far, adults appear, despite the presence of a lexical restriction, to mostly benefit from the presence of an indexical
pronoun as intervener, and children demonstrate a developmental trend in the same direction; it seems that processing
capacities as an explanatory hypothesis are at stake.
On the production and omission of dative and accusative clitics in Italian children with learning
difficulties
Authors: Cerutti Sara , Cardinaletti Anna , Volpato Francesca 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the production of third person singular dative (3DAT) and accusative
clitic pronouns (3ACC) in Italian children diagnosed with Learning Difficulties (LD), compared to a group of typically
developing (TD) age peers (mean age 9;1). Results show that 3DAT clitics are produced in significantly higher
percentages than 3ACC clitics by both children with LD and TD children. We claim that for children with LD, the
invariable dative clitic gli is easier to retrieve than 3ACC clitics, as suggested for TD school-age
children by Cardinaletti et al. (2021) and replicated here. With 3ACC
clitics, feature sharing with the extra-clausal antecedent contributes to complexity in addition to the derivation by
syntactic movement (Tuller et al., 2011). The two groups also did not differ
in the production of DPs and PPs instead of 3ACC and 3DAT clitics, respectively, but children with LD omitted more
clitics (both 3ACC and 3DAT) than TD age peers. After removing from the analysis the children who scored more than 1.5
SD below the mean of age-matched controls, as was done in the study by Vender
et al. (2018), the performance of the group with LD no longer differed from that of controls. Results
suggest that at school age, omission of both 3ACC and 3DAT clitics differentiate typical development from children
with LD and oral language difficulties, presumably due to an unrecognized Developmental Language Disorder (Guasti, 2013; Arosio et al.,
2016).
Using CRISPR-Cas9 to create knockout mutants in insects
Authors: Hillary Varghese Edwin , Ceasar Stanislaus Antony 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is a potent genome editing tool that has rapidly revolutionized research in natural science disciplines. The CRISPR/Cas9 system surpasses traditional zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator-like effector nucleases because of its simplicity in design, cost-effectiveness, and labor intensity. The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing system has been used to generate precise and targeted mutations in many different organisms, including insects. However, there is still a lack of a comprehensive review that systematically summarizes the successful utilization of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in generating knockout (KO) mutations in insects (both model and non-model). Thus, this review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current advancements in CRISPR/Cas9-based KO mutants in insects, including both model and non-model species. We also discussed the limitations of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Finally, we discuss the biosafety concerns associated with the release of CRISPR/Cas9-edited insects into the environment and draw inroads and insights into the future application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in insects.
Promoting Cultural Heritage Preservation through Agrotourism in Saint Lucia
Authors: Nava Leonardo , Mathurin Rocksun Y. 
Published: July 2024

Summary
Since Saint Lucia became an accessible and consolidated destination in the 1990s, the domestic agricultural industry suffered a sharp decline. Many communities abandoned their fields and aimed for better-paid jobs in the tourism sector. Over time, the nation’s tourism sector reached a point of stagnation, lacking innovation and differentiation from neighbouring islands. The increase in tourism favoured the importation of foreign products rather than the use of local products to cater to international guests. The identity of local cuisine and traditional farming practices have been gradually lost. Through a series of interviews with local tourism entrepreneurs, this case study analyses the initiatives, challenges, and opportunities for integrating elements of traditional agricultural heritage into the tourism industry as an element of differentiation and cultural preservation.

Information
© The Authors 2024
A review of research on RF MEMS for metaverse interactions
Authors: Nan Xueli , Jia Qikun , Lv Fei , Wang Xin , Wu Guirong , Zhao Yunlong , Qin Bolin , Hao Jinjin , Cao Xinxin , Mei Shixuan , Xu Zhikuan , Zhang Kuanwei , Bai Tingting , Xue Chenyang , Gao Libo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Metaverse as a comprehensive integration of multiple digital technologies of the new generation, enables human beings to bring unprecedented immersive experiences with the support of virtual reality, augmented reality, blockchain, digital twin, Artificial Intelligence, haptic internet of things (IoT), and human–computer interaction. In view of the urgent need for high-speed and high-capacity data transmission as well as high integration, RF MEMS devices have become the core components for metaverse system building due to their advantages of miniaturization, high integration, and low power consumption. Playing a pivotal role in real-time high-capacity data transmission and signal processing in metaverse interactive systems, the low cost and high performance of RF MEMS devices have once again become the focus of attention for people from all walks of life. Therefore, this paper focuses on the working principles and performance optimization of RF MEMS devices. Firstly, the classification and basic principles of RF MEMS devices are introduced, followed by the advanced fabrication technology and optimization scheme of MEMS devices, and then the advanced applications of RF MEMS devices in the field of metaverse are discussed in focus, including IoT mobile communication, Artificial Intelligence, and flexible wearables. Finally, the prospects and potential challenges for the development of RF MEMS devices interacting with the metaverse are summarized and discussed.
High-accuracy and lightweight weld surface defect detector based on graph convolution decoupling head
Authors: Wang Guanqiang , Chen Mingsong , Lin Yongcheng , Tan Xianhua , Zhang Chizhou , Li Kai , Gao Baihui , Kang Yuxin , Zhao Weiwei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The essence of the difficulties for weld surface detection is that there is a lot of interference information during detection. This study aims to enhance the detection accuracy while keeping great deployment capabilities of a detection model for weld surface defects. To achieve this goal, an improved Yolo-graph convolution head (GCH) model is proposed based on the stable and fast Yolo-v5. The improvements primarily involve introducing a graph convolution network combined with a self-attention mechanism in the head part (i.e. GCH). This component focuses on improving the insufficient recognition capability of convolutional neural networks for similar defects in complex environments. Furthermore, to address the presence of potentially ambiguous samples in complex welding environments, the label assignment strategy of simOTA is implemented to optimize the anchor frame. Additionally, a streamlined structure, aiming to improve model detection speed while minimizing performance impact, has been designed to enhance the applicability of the model. The results demonstrate that the cooperation of GCH and simOTA significantly improves the detection performance while maintaining the inference speed. These strategies lead to a 2.5% increase in mAP@0.5 and reduce the missing detection rates of weld and 8 types of defects by 32.9% and 84.1% respectively, surpassing other weld surface detection models. Furthermore, the impressive applicability of the model is verified across four scaled versions of Yolo-v5. Based on the proposed strategies, the FPS increases by more than 30 frames in the fast s and n versions of Yolo-v5. These results demonstrate the great potential of the model for industrial applications.
Investigation of electromagnetic fluctuations in a magnetically screened high beta plasma
Authors: Adhikari Ayan , Sanyasi A K , Awasthi L M , Srivastava P K , Bandyopadhyay Mainak , Sharma Devendra , Verma Anshu , Sugandhi Ritesh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We report low-frequency electromagnetic turbulence in large-volume plasma devices in a region that receives magnetically screened plasma. The magnetic screen is produced by the activation of a large solenoid that generates a strong magnetic field (

B

EEF

) transverse to the background axial magnetic field (

B
z

). The magnetic field strength variation in

B

EEF

controls the plasma diffusion and is responsible for parametric profile modifications in large volume plasma devices. The turbulence is characterized by the observed features of an electromagnetic mode having frequency ordering in the lower hybrid range (f
ci < f < f
LH). The free energy source for the excited turbulence is believed to be the prevalent finite radial pressure gradient in the system. The excited electromagnetic mode shows typical scales for the wave number,

k
⊥

∼ 0.13 cm−1 and frequency f ∼ 6 kHz and propagates with phase velocity comparable to ion acoustic velocity, C
s in electron diamagnetic drift direction. It is believed that the low-frequency pressure gradient-driven electromagnetic mode exhibits coupling with the lower hybrid or whistler wave.
Two-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model with imaginary potentials and nonreciprocal couplings
Authors: Wang Jian-Dong , Li Jia-Rui , Zhang Lian-Lian , Jiang Cui , Gong Wei-Jiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We examine the 2D-SSH model and focus on its topological states and skin effects resulting from imaginary potentials and nonreciprocal couplings. Our calculations demonstrate that inducing topological edge and corner states allows for different topological phase transitions in the 2D-SSH model. The topological phase transition is achieved by adjusting the ratio of the intercell electron hopping to the intracell electron hopping. The PT symmetry of the system is destroyed when an imaginary potential is present. If non-reciprocal effects are introduced, then skin effects will be seen. This work contributes to understanding how the interplay between imaginary potentials and nonreciprocal couplings modulates the skin effects and topological states in 2D-SSH model.
Dynamical symmetries of supersymmetric oscillators
Authors: Sinha Akash , Ghosh Aritra , Bagchi Bijan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we describe the dynamical symmetries of classical supersymmetric oscillators in one and two spatial (bosonic) dimensions. Our main ingredient is a generalized Poisson bracket which is defined as a suitable classical counterpart to commutators and anticommutators. In one dimension, i.e., in the presence of one bosonic and one fermionic coordinate, the Hamiltonian admits a U(1, 1) symmetry for which we explicitly compute the first integrals. It is found that suitable forms of the supercharges emerge in a natural way as fermionic conserved quantities. Following this, we describe classical supercharge operators based on the generalized Poisson bracket and subsequently define supersymmetry transformations. We perform a straightforward generalization to two spatial dimensions where the Hamiltonian has an overall U(2, 2) symmetry. We comment on plausible supersymmetric generalizations of the Pais-Uhlenbeck and isotonic oscillators, and also present the possibility of defining a generalized Nambu bracket within the classical formalism.
Structural, optical, and morphological evaluation of PVA/Bi-Ni oxide-rGO nanocomposite casted films for optical devices applications
Authors: Soliman T S , Abdel-Salam Ahmed I , Morsy Mohamed , A Matar Hanan , Khalid A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Herein, the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films doped with various concentrations of Bi2O3-NiO-rGO (BNG) nanoparticles were prepared through casting method. BNG nanoparticles were synthesized first using the co-precipitation method and then loaded into the polymer matrix. Various techniques like X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and optical microscopes were used to determine the PVA’s structure after BNG nanoparticle additives. The thermal stability of the PVA’s film after the additive BNG nanoparticles was examined using the DSC technique. Furthermore, the optical parameters including bandgap energy (Eg), Urbach energy (EU), refractive index (n), optical conductivity, and optical dielectric constants were investigated via the absorbance and transmission data recorded using UV-visible spectroscopy. In addition, the photoemission spectra of the PVA matrix were determined after the inclusion of BNG nanoparticles. The Eg value decreases from 5.57 eV to 3.94 eV and from 4.8 eV to about 1.98 eV for direct and indirect transitions, respectively. While the EU value increases from 0.39 eV for pure PVA to about 3.23 eV for PVA: 4%BNG. The refractive index grows with the insertion of BNG to the PVA from 1.387 for pure PVA to about 5.157 for PVA: 4%BNG, which is a good suggestion for optical glasses applications. In addition, the increase in optical dielectric constants and optical conductivity with rising the BNG nanoparticle concentrations in the PVA matrix was confirmed. Such enhancement suggests the use of prepared samples in optical device applications.
Designing five-dimensional non-degeneracy chaotic system and its application in reversible data hiding
Authors: Ye Chunhui , Tong Xiaojun , Zhang Miao , Wang Zhu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The application of privacy protection techniques combining chaotic systems with data hiding has attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, the existing schemes have been found to be defective in terms of security and embedding capacity. This paper proposes a construction method for a 5-dimensional non-degeneracy chaotic system (5D-NDCS) to address the shortcomings of the previous approach. The 5D-NDCS possesses five positive Lyapunov exponents, and each dimension can generate chaotic sequences with strong randomness. Utilizing the pseudo-random sequence generated by the 5D-NDCS to encrypt the compressed image can enhance the security of the encrypted image. Subsequently, this paper introduces a joint bit-plane compression (JBPC) algorithm, which is based on the chaotic system and pixel value prediction technique. This algorithm effectively utilizes the pixel correlation of the original image to compress the bit sequence sufficiently, thereby reserving the hiding space. Finally, this paper proposes a reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDHEI) scheme that supports multiple data hiders, based on the JBPC algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate the scheme’s advantages in terms of embedding rate, security, and fault tolerance.
Stretching and folding analysis of fluid based on covariance method
Authors: Wei Zeming , Wang Boxuan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Fluid in a turbulent state will be continuously stretched and folded, and the boundaries of fluid elements will grow exponentially, leading to an intense mixing process between different regions. However, most studies focus on the fluid’s stretching process, and the definition of folding still needs to be clarified. In this paper, the covariance method is extended to study the nonlinear deformation of fluid. First, particle sets are used to characterize the fluid elements, and the evolution of particle sets could reflect the deformation process of fluid. Then, the stretching and folding degrees of fluid are defined based on the statistical parameters of the particle sets. Finally, the extended covariance method is applied to the double gyre and the flow around the square cylinder, and the results show that the stretching process dominates the early stage of fluid deformation, and the fluid in high stretching regions has a higher probability of folding. Importantly, the nonlinear stretching regions with high non-affine deformation-low folding properties are identified, and the spurious folding caused by nonlinear stretching is eliminated. In summary, the extended covariance method shows great potential in the nonlinear deformation analysis of fluid, contributing to a deeper understanding of transport and mixing.
Finite-time funnel synchronization control based on distributed observer for multi-motor driving systems with input saturation
Authors: Huang Xin , Liu Cheng-Lin , Shan Liang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this article, the finite-time synchronization control problem is developed for multi-motor driving systems with input saturation. A radial basis function (RBF) neural network is utilized to estimate the unknown uncertainties and the disturbances. In contrast to current control strategies, this study proposes a new approach that utilizes a finite-time distributed observer to estimate the reference signal and then uses the estimated signal to design a synchronization controller, which effectively separates the tracking problem from the synchronous controller design. Furthermore, a funnel function is constructed to actualize the state constraints and confine the synchronization error within a specified boundary. Then, a finite-time funnel control protocol is proposed to ensure that each motor follows the estimated reference signal. Eventually, we illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method through a numerical example.