bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of prenatal alcohol consumption on dental enamel formation in offspring—An animal study protocol
Authors: Leme Roberta Duarte , Marañón-Vásquez Guido Artemio , Gonçalves Juliana de Lima , de Carvalho Fabrício Kitazono , de Queiroz Alexandra Mussolino , de Paula-Silva Francisco Wanderley Garcia 
Published: February 2025

Background
The etiology of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) remains incompletely understood. Prenatal alcohol exposure has been proposed as a potential risk factor for DDE. Animal studies suggest that in utero ethanol exposure can disrupt ameloblast function, leading to enamel abnormalities. This study aims to: (1) Assess the impact of prenatal alcohol consumption on the clinical and structural properties of dental enamel in offspring; and (2) Investigate the underlying mechanisms of these alterations through histological and molecular analyses. Pregnant Wistar rats will be assigned to two groups: one exposed to ethanol and a control group with no alcohol exposure. Ethanol exposure will follow a binge drinking model, with rats receiving 3 g/kg of ethanol (30% w/v) for 3 consecutive days, followed by 4 days of rest each week. This regimen will begin one week prior to conception and continue throughout pregnancy. The incisors and molars of offspring will be evaluated on the 10th (n = 22 per group) and 28th (n = 22 per group) days of life. Visible enamel changes will be documented through photographs. Enamel volume, thickness, and density will be assessed using micro-CT imaging. Mechanical properties will be evaluated using the Knoop microhardness test, while chemical composition will be analyzed through Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The area of the organic enamel matrix will be quantified in histological sections. Genes Amelx, Enam, Ambn, Mmp2, Mmp9, Mmp20, Klk4, Cldn3, Cldn16, and Cldn19 will be evaluated in ameloblasts using real-time RT-PCR and protein synthesis will be confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Gelatinolytic activity in the ameloblast layer will be assessed by in situ zymography.
Lynch-Related Metastatic Breast Cancer With Diffuse Gastrointestinal Involvement Diagnosed With Endoscopically Normal Mucosal Biopsies and Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Paracentesis
Authors: Kay Carl L. , Christiansen Sophia J. , Edelson Cyrus V. , Sweeney Shane P. , Magulick John P. , Miller Charles B. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided paracentesis can safely assist with diagnosis of invasive lobular breast carcinoma after appropriate consideration of infection-related complications. This is a case of metastatic breast cancer presenting without clinical or radiographic breast findings. The patient presented with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms with normal endoscopic appearance, but malignant histology. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided paracentesis aided in the diagnosis of metastatic lobular breast carcinoma and can be integrated into the diagnostic armamentarium of advanced endoscopists. In addition, this case highlights an atypical case of Lynch syndrome presenting with index extraintestinal malignancy.
Duodenal Duplication Diagnosed by Computed Tomography-Duodenography and Treated by Endoscopy
Authors: Kanami Ota , Tomohiro Nagasue , Daisuke Tsurumaru , Noriyuki Imazu , Shinichiro Kawatoko , Yuichi Matsuno , Shin Fujioka , Keisuke Kawasaki , Junji Umeno , Tomohiko Moriyama , Takamasa Yoshihara , Hiroyuki Kobayashi , Takehiro Torisu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
A 21-year-old man with a developmental disability presented for management of upper abdominal pain and vomiting. He was diagnosed by endoscopy and computed tomography-duodenography as having duodenal obstruction due to duodenal duplication. He underwent endoscopic resection of the blind end of the duplication and was discharged on the ninth postoperative day. In a follow-up endoscopy 6 weeks after treatment, the scope passed smoothly and it was found that an iatrogenic ulcer postendoscopic resection had healed. Duodenal duplication is rare, and few cases have been diagnosed preoperatively in detail with imaging and undergone successful endoscopic treatment, as in the present case.
Higher amounts of habitual physical activity changes the relationship between hot flashes and subclinical cardiovascular disease risk
Authors: Witkowski Sarah , Tha Ra Wun Tint , Brunzelle JoSophia , Buszkiewicz Sara , Murphy Lorna , Garcia Randi L. , Sievert Lynnette Leidy 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe menopausal transition is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hot flashes (HF), a cardinal symptom of menopause, have been associated with increased CVD risk, particularly in perimenopausal women. Flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) is an indicator of endothelial function and a subclinical CVD risk factor. Lower FMD has been associated with more HF. As moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is recognized to reduce CVD risk, our goal was to determine whether higher levels of MVPA change the relationship between HF and FMD in perimenopausal women. Healthy perimenopausal women had HF measured objectively using sternal skin conductance for 24 h. MVPA was determined using 7 days of actigraphy. Endothelial function was measured via brachial artery FMD on the non‐dominant arm. Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate relationships between variables. Simple slopes analysis was performed to understand how MVPA moderates the relationship between HF and FMD. Lower FMD tended to correlate with a higher objective HF rate, and this relationship was stronger for HF measured during waking hours. Controlling for age and BMI, HF and the interaction between HF and MVPA were significant predictors of FMD. Simple slope analysis showed a significant HF effect on FMD with lower (−1SD) MVPA, whereas there was no significant relationship between HF and FMD with higher (+1SD) MVPA. These results suggest that MVPA moderates the relationship between FMD and objective HFs in perimenopausal women.
Triebfeder, Zurechenbarkeit und empirische Psychologie: C. C. E. Schmids Handlungstheorie im Ausgang von Kant
Authors: Kisner Manja 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
C. C. E. Schmid began his academic career as a Kantian and became an influential commentator on Kant’s works. In the course of his career, however, he devoted himself increasingly to the philosophical treatment of empirical topics. Schmid’s turn towards the empirical is evident in his Attempt at a Moral Philosophy and is further developed in his Empirical Psychology and Physiology, Treated Philosophically. This paper examines Schmid’s change of perspective by focusing on his concept of moral imputability. It argues that while Schmid adheres to Kant’s terminology, he interprets the terms “incentive” (Triebfeder) and “moral feeling” differently from Kant. Schmid locates the concepts of incentive and moral feeling in the realm of sensibility, which has significant implications for his concept of moral imputability. For him, the latter is no longer linked to the question of transcendental freedom.
Wille, Willkür und moralische Zurechnung bei Johann Christoph Hoffbauer
Authors: Mihaylova Katerina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Moral judgements usually concern the moral responsibility of an acting person. Someone is considered praiseworthy or blameworthy for an action based on whether that action is in accordance with or against moral norms. On a Kantian account, the essential issue is the motivation of the acting person, as this is a criterion for being a moral cause of the action i.e. for intending it. Only moral causation permits the moral imputation of the action to the acting person, and moral motivation always implies the use of practical reason as the capacity of acting in accordance with rules (categorical or hypothetical). Giving priority to one of these leads to either moral merit or moral guilt. The morally guilty person treats himself or others merely as a means rather than respecting himself or others as persons, i.e. as individuals able to act according to their own aims. We find such an account in Johann Christoph Hoffbauer’s interpretation of Kant’s theory of free will. While Kant is occasionally accused of inconsistency in claiming both that evil actions are real and imputable and that only good actions are free (and therefore imputable), Hoffbauer offers a consistent version of Kant’s theory of free will. In this paper, I analyze his interpretation, first sketching its pre-Kantian theoretical context and then discussing Hoffbauer’s Kantian interpretation of the concepts of will and the faculty of choice, using the case of a lie as an illustration.
Sensing with quantum light: a perspective
Authors: Datta Animesh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
I present my perspective on sensing with quantum light. I summarise the motivations and methodology for identifying quantum enhancements in sensing over a classical sensor. In the real world, this enhancement will be a constant factor and not increase with the size of the quantum probe as is often advertised. I use a limited survey of interferometry, microscopy and spectroscopy to extract the vital challenges that must be faced to realise tangible enhancements in sensing with quantum light.
Development of handsheet mechanical properties linked to fibre distributions in two-stage low consistency refining of high yield pulp
Authors: Sandberg Christer , Lindström Stefan B. , Liubytska Kateryna , Nilsson Fritjof 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, a two-stage, low-consistency (LC) refining process at the Holmen Braviken paper mill in Sweden was examined to evaluate the relationship between energy input, fibre distributions, and pulp properties, including handsheet properties. The LC refiners used thermo-mechanical pulp based on 100 % Norway spruce, with two specific energy levels: “low” (≈80 kWh/adt) or “high” (≈100 kWh/adt). All four permutations of these settings were examined. Overall, higher refining efficiency (measured by the increase in tensile index per applied energy) was observed in the first LC refiner stage than in the second. To further explore the impact of LC refining, pulp particle distributions were investigated. Samples from before, between and after the two LC stages were analysed using an optical fibre analyser, which provided detailed data on length-width-curl-fibrillation distributions. The impact of LC refining on these distributions was quantified using Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics, highlighting statistically significant changes observed in the length and curl distributions. We investigated the correlation between energy input into the LC refiners and the impact on fibre distributions and handsheet properties. These insights underscore the effectiveness of our analytical approach and its potential for refining process control in mechanical pulping, offering a method for more targeted and efficient adjustments.
Technical development of modified emulsion asphalt: A review on the preparation, performance, and applications
Authors: Zhang Yang , Hao Jing , Liu Hao , Chen Conglin , Shi Shuang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The rapid advancement in highway building has rendered classic emulsion asphalt insufficient to meet the strict demands of modern asphalt pavement applications. Consequently, modified emulsion asphalts have emerged as a pivotal focus in emulsion asphalt research. This study elucidates the modification mechanisms employed by various modifiers on emulsion asphalt, thoroughly investigates and systematically organizes the preparation procedures and fundamental properties of each modified emulsion asphalt, and culminates in a comprehensive summary of its practical application scenarios. Based on an extensive literature review, this study presents optimal modification methodologies and preparation schemes for various types of modified emulsion asphalt, establishes specific usage scenarios, and offers theoretical guidance to enhance its performance and expand its scope of application.
Distributed intracranial activity underlying human decision-making behavior
Authors: Overton Jacqueline A. , Moxon Karen A. , Stickle Matthew P. , Peters Logan M. , Lin Jack J. , Chang Edward F. , Knight Robert T. , Hsu Ming , Saez Ignacio 
Published: February 2025

Value-based decision-making involves multiple cortical and subcortical brain areas, but the distributed nature of neurophysiological activity underlying economic choices in the human brain remains largely unexplored. Specifically, the nature of the neurophysiological representation of reward-guided choices, as well as whether they are represented in a subset of reward-related regions or in a more distributed fashion is unknown. Here, we hypothesize that reward choices, as well as choice-related computations (win probability, risk), are primarily represented in high-frequency neural activity reflecting local cortical processing, and that they are highly distributed throughout the human brain, engaging multiple brain regions. To test these hypotheses, we used intracranial recordings from multiple areas (including orbitofrontal, lateral prefrontal, parietal, cingulate cortices as well as subcortical regions such as the hippocampus and amygdala) from neurosurgical patients of both sexes playing a decision-making game. We show that high frequency activity (gamma and high-frequency activity) represents both individual choice-related computations (e.g., risk, win probability) and choice information with different prevalence and regional representation. Choice-related computations are locally and unevenly present in multiple brain regions, whereas choice information is widely distributed, more prevalent, and appears later across all regions examined. These results suggest brain-wide reward processing, with local high frequency activity reflecting the coalescence of choice-related information into a final choice, and shed light on the distributed nature of neural activity underlying economic choices in the human brain.Significance StatementEconomic decision-making depends on multiple brain areas. However, how neural activity in the human brain supports choices is not well understood, due to the difficulty of measuring human neural activity. Here, we leveraged the rare opportunity to record electrophysiological activity from several human brain regions implicated in decision-making from neurosurgical patients to study the neurophysiological basis of economic decisions. We show that neural activity supporting human economic choices under uncertainty is highly distributed across brain areas. However, different relevant calculations, such as the probability of a win, or the risk of an uncertain choice, are differentially reflected in across brain regions. This study demonstrates the highly distributed, but regionally specific, nature of choices and reward computations in the human brain.
La salina de San Blas (Óndores, Junín). Una reconsideración sobre su extensión y cronología
Authors: Saez Diaz Sergio , Arias Suárez Thalia 
Published: February 2025

This article discusses the available evidence on the San Blas salt spring from the first works of Ramiro Matos, Daniel Morales and the results of the excavations carried out by the authors in 2017. Based on these evidences, the authors propose a new approach on the extension and chronological sequence of the settlement, as well as the hypothesis that San Blas functioned as a multi-ethnic site based on the theory of "vertical control of ecological floors" through economic enclaves.
Dentist responsibilities for emergencies
Authors: Govan Punkaj 
Published: February 2025

A revealing measure of a dentist’s level of care and commitment to patients’ needs can be found in the way they deal with emergencies. A dentist must care for regular patients and respond to their emergencies, either personally or through a roster of cooperating dentists. Patients requesting emergency treatment are, at best, being inconvenienced and, at worst, may be in severe pain or distress. It usually arises when a practitioner is called out from his or her residence after normal practice hours, or a hospital, to render emergency treatment. It can also happen if the practitioner operates more than one practice and attends each practice for certain hours or days of the week, effective emergency arrangements have to be made for patients during times when the practitioner is not attending to the practice or when not staffed.
Extracting Long-Period Love Waves (&gt;40 s) from Ambient Noise Using A Selection Stacking Method
Authors: Xie Jinyun , Yang Yingjie , Luo Yinhe , Xie Yanan , Li Zhengyang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Currently, Rayleigh and Love waves extracted from ambient noise are widely used to constrain isotropic shear-wave velocities and radial anisotropy of the lithosphere in ambient noise tomography. However, retrieving Love-wave signals with periods longer than 40 or 50 s from ambient noise data remains a challenge. In this study, we report that reliable Love waves with periods of 40–80 s can be successfully retrieved from ambient noise using a root mean square ratio selection stacking (RMSR_SS) method. We further demonstrate that these broadband Love-wave signals, retrieved from approximately two years of ambient noise data, can be used to constrain phase velocity maps. The extraction of long-period Love waves from ambient noise provides supplementary data for the study of radial anisotropy in the lithosphere or asthenosphere.
An IT career choice model
Authors: Calitz Andre , Cullen Margaret , Twani Malibongwe 
Published: February 2025

Research focusing on students’ Information Technology (IT) career choices shows that their decisions were influenced by factors, such as exposure to programming concepts at school level, culture, parents, teachers and role models. Theories relating to career choice have focused on individual characteristics and their environment. In South Africa however, there have been limited studies investigating the factors influencing students’ IT career decisions, specifically choosing study programmes in Computer Science (CS), Information Systems (IS) and IT. The aim of this study was to evaluate a proposed IT career choices model. A questionnaire was developed and distributed amongst CS/IS/IT first-year students at the Nelson Mandela University in South Africa and 205 students completed the survey. The data were statistically analysed, including Exploratory Factor Analysis. The study highlighted that students with high academic confidence and exposure to programming concepts at an early age, chose an IT career. The study further showed statistical differences between students speaking different home languages and genders in their perceptions about the IT industry and choosing an IT career. The main contribution of the study is the evaluation of a proposed IT Career Choice Model, based on existing theories, literature and the statistical results obtained from the study.
Fungal Meningoencephalitis Masquerading as Metabolic Encephalopathy: A Case Report in a 65-Year-Old Geriatric Patient
Authors: Kurniawati Nita , Erwin Ferdinand 
Published: February 2025

Highlight:

A geriatric patient may present with subtle or nonspecific symptoms of meningoencephalitis, such as confusion, altered mental status, or lethargy, rather than classic signs like fever and neck stiffness.
Negative CSF cultures of fungal infection should not delay the initiation of antifungal therapy.

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Infectious pathogens or autoimmune disorders can cause meningoencephalitis. Symptoms include headache, fever, altered mental status, seizure, or neurological deficits. Symptoms frequently manifest atypically in the elderly, which can result in delayed treatment. This case emphasizes how important it is to consider meningoencephalitis in elderly patients with altered consciousness, even without typical signs of it. Case: A 65-year-old female with a history of recurrent hyponatremia and hypokalemia arrived at the emergency room with sudden loss of consciousness, vomiting, and behavioral changes that persisted for a week. The neurological examination and brain CT scan revealed no abnormalities. Severe electrolyte imbalances prompted the initial diagnosis of metabolic encephalopathy. Following progressive electrolyte correction, the patient’s mental condition improved. On the second day, she had generalized seizures and developed right-sided hemiparesis. An MRI of the head with contrast showed thicker dura mater and leptomeningeal enhancement in both hemispheres, indicating meningoencephalitis. Ceftriaxone and dexamethasone were administered intravenously, along with levetiracetam, to treat seizures. The next day, cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed Candida spores, but cultures were negative. Intravenous fluconazole was then added to the therapy. Throughout her two-week stay, the patient’s neurological condition improved consistently. Conclusion:Fungal causes should be considered in cases with unclear meningoencephalitis in the elderly, even if fever or meningeal signs are not present. Although CSF culture continues to be the gold standard for diagnosing fungal CNS infection, negative results should not delay the start of antifungal therapy. Early initiation of targeted antimicrobial therapy is crucial for successful results in these cases.
Microanatomical and Biochemical Influences of Lycopene on The Renal Status in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats
Authors: Arayombo Babatunde Elijah  , Solomon Bolade Arayombo  
Published: February 2025

Highlights:1. The histoarchitecture of the kidney revealed significant derangements in the renal tissue, such as widening of the urinary space and loss or effacement of podocytes and mesangial cells, which were restored to near normal in the treated groups. 2. The biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, insulin, and antioxidant levels in this study were observed to be altered in the diabetic groups, but with administration of the intervening agent, these biochemical parameters were normalized. 3. The intervening agent was found to be a better prophylactic than curative therapy.

Abstract
Introduction: Chronic hyperglycemia is pathognomonic of diabetes mellitus; however, this is not responsible for many of the morbidities. Blood glucose is fairly readily regulated by drugs; however, this is not inhibiting the long-term complications despite euglycemic control, there is still damage in virtually every organ system. Hence, this study evaluated the beneficial effect or otherwise of lycopene on the histoarchitectural and biochemical layout of the kidney in diabetic wistar rats. Objective: To assess the histoarchitecture and biochemical parameters of the kidney of diabetic Wistar rats after intervention with lycopene as well as to determine whether lycopene is more efficacious as curative than prophylactic agent. Materials and Method: The rats were grouped into five sects (a, b, c, d, and e) of six animals per group. Group a is the normal control that was given 2ml/kg/day of citrate buffer per oral for 30 days. Group b was given 60mg /kg of streptozotocin. Group c was treated with lycopene 20mg/kg/day p.o for 30 days after diabetes induction. Group d is the group that was pretreated with lycopene 20mg/kg/day orally for 30 days. Group e was treated with Insulin 5 IU/kg for 30 days after diabetes induction. The rats were sacrificed under ketamine anaesthesia at the end of the experiment. Result: The histological outline of the kidney revealed significant widening of the urinary space in the untreated diabetic group (b) and the test groups (c and d) when compared with the normal control group (a). It was observed that the blood glucose levels in the test groups significantly reduced in value (p<0.05) below diabetic range. There was significantly higher level (p<0.05) of antioxidants in the curative than the prophylactic group, Conclusion: This study showed that lycopene conferred better ameliorative effect when used prophylactically than curatively.