bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Follow‐up and monitoring programme in children identified in early‐stage type 1 diabetes during screening in the general population of Italy
Authors: Cherubini Valentino , Mozzillo Enza , Iafusco Dario , Bonfanti Riccardo , Ripoli Carlo , Pricci Flavia , Vincentini Olimpia , Agrimi Umberto , Silano Marco , Ulivi Francesca , D'Avino Antonio , Lampasona Vito , Bosi Emanuele 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo provide guidance for follow‐up and monitoring of children and adolescents identified as positive to islet autoantibodies (IA) in the general population screening for type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Italy.MethodsDetection of IA helps to diagnose pre‐symptomatic T1D, prevent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and identify persons for new therapies to delay symptomatic diabetes. Italy recently became the first country to approve by law a general autoantibody screening program for T1D and celiac disease in all children and adolescents (age 1‐17yr). A pilot study is currently underway in four Italian regions addressing feasibility issues to be used in the scale up to nationwide screening. Meanwhile, a group of experts developed guidance recommendations for follow‐up and monitoring of identified IA positive persons.ResultsTen key components have been identified: establishment of a registry for children and adolescents at risk; close collaboration with the national network of family paediatricians; creation of T1D centers with expertise in follow‐up and monitoring; educational measures; assurance of solid IA tests; identification of appropriate metabolic tests; feed‐back feasibility and acceptability questionnaires; potential access to available therapeutic interventions; valuable outcome measures including DKA incidence; costs monitoring. Distinctive features of this program include single (in addition to multiple) IA antibody‐positive persons in follow‐up and the use of CGM to assess risk progression, rather than the cumbersome OGTT.ConclusionIt is expected that the proposed follow‐up and monitoring program will be effective, affordable and acceptable to children and families identified in general T1D screening in Italy.
Circadian misalignment disrupts biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk and promotes a hypercoagulable state
Authors: McHill Andrew W. , Melanson Edward L. , Wright Kenneth P. , Depner Christopher M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe circadian system regulates 24‐h time‐of‐day patterns of cardiovascular physiology, with circadian misalignment resulting in adverse cardiovascular risk. Although many proteins in the coagulation‐fibrinolysis axis show 24‐h time‐of‐day patterns, it is not understood if these temporal patterns are regulated by circadian or behavioral (e.g., sleep and food intake) cycles, or how circadian misalignment influences these patterns. Thus, we utilized a night shiftwork protocol to analyze circadian versus behavioral cycle regulation of 238 plasma proteins linked to cardiovascular physiology. Six healthy men aged 26.2 ± 5.6 years (mean ± SD) completed the protocol involving two baseline days with 8‐h nighttime sleep opportunities (circadian alignment), a transition to shiftwork day, followed by 2 days of simulated night shiftwork with 8‐h daytime sleep opportunities (circadian misalignment). Plasma was collected for proteomics every 4 h across 24 h during baseline and during daytime sleep and the second night shift. Cosinor analyses identified proteins with circadian or behavioral cycle‐regulated 24‐h time‐of‐day patterns. Five proteins were circadian regulated (plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1, angiopoietin‐2, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐4, follistatin‐related protein‐3, and endoplasmic reticulum resident protein‐29). No cardiovascular‐related proteins showed regulation by behavioral cycles. Within the coagulation pathway, circadian misalignment decreased tissue factor pathway inhibitor, increased tissue factor, and induced a 24‐h time‐of‐day pattern in coagulation factor VII (all FDR < 0.10). Such changes in protein abundance are consistent with changes observed in hypercoagulable states. Our analyses identify circadian regulation of proteins involved in cardiovascular physiology and indicate that acute circadian misalignment could promote a hypercoagulable state, possibly contributing to elevated cardiovascular disease risk among shift workers.
Global functional connectivity reorganization reflects cognitive processing speed deficits and fatigue in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hok Pavel , Thai Quang Thong , Bučková Barbora Rehák , Domin Martin , Řasová Kamila , Tintěra Jaroslav , Lotze Martin , Grothe Matthias , Hlinka Jaroslav 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeCognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with bidirectional changes in resting‐state centrality measures. However, practicable functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) biomarkers of CI are still lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the graph‐theory‐based degree rank order disruption index (kD) and its association with cognitive processing speed as a marker of CI in patients with MS (PwMS) in a secondary cross‐sectional fMRI analysis.MethodsDifferentiation between PwMS and healthy controls (HCs) using kD and its correlation with CI (Symbol Digit Modalities Test) was compared to established imaging biomarkers (regional degree, volumetry, diffusion‐weighted imaging, lesion mapping). Additional associations were assessed for fatigue (Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions), gait and global disability.ResultsAnalysis in 56 PwMS and 58 HCs (35/27 women, median age 45.1/40.5 years) showed lower kD in PwMS than in HCs (median −0.30/−0.06, interquartile range 0.55/0.54; p = 0.009, Mann–Whitney U test), yielding acceptable yet non‐superior differentiation (area under curve 0.64). kD and degree in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) correlated with CI (kD/MPFC Spearman's ρ = 0.32/−0.45, p = 0.019/0.001, n = 55). kD also explained fatigue (ρ = −0.34, p = 0.010, n = 56) but neither gait nor disability.ConclusionskD is a potential biomarker of CI and fatigue warranting further validation.
Foreign versus domestic SPACs in the US Market
Authors: Chiang Yao‐Min , Park Bokyung , Rhee S. Ghon , Tsai Hui‐Ju 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study compares domestic and foreign special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs) listed in the US market. Compared with domestic SPACs, we find that foreign SPACs raise lower proceeds from initial public offerings and private investments in public equity funding. Additionally, redemption rates of foreign SPACs are higher than those of domestic SPACs. Our findings suggest that foreign SPACs face a competitive disadvantage due to their limited networks in the US market.
Revisiting post‐settlement dynamics and mechanisms for a depleted American lobster (Homarus americanus) stock
Authors: McManus M. Conor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnvironmentally explicit models can improve model performance and our understanding of biological processes. However, these models must be retested over time, as the mechanisms influencing biological processes can change. The relationship between recently settled young‐of‐year (i.e., settlers) and pre‐recruit American lobsters was revisited to determine if our perception on post‐settlement lobster processes has changed. Analyses were focused within the southern region of the species' latitudinal range (Rhode Island, United States), where several environmental factors have been theorized to contribute to the Southern New England stock decline and continued depleted state. The inclusion of additional, recent years' data provided insight on how the density‐dependent nature of the settler–pre‐recruit lobster relationship has varied over time. Including both new and retested environmental drivers reaffirmed the importance of incorporating environmental data when describing this process. Specifically, modeling revealed the importance of epizootic shell disease, finfish predators, and Asian shore crabs in the settler–pre‐recruit relationship. Including disease, predation, and competition metrics in the lobster post‐settlement relationship has allowed for improved modeling and insight into settlement dynamics. This renewed analysis supports reevaluating environmentally explicit models over time and calls for further directed research regarding the biological processes we seek to model with time series data.
Development of multicomponent glasses for application as a glazing layer on dental zirconia
Authors: Yoleva Albena , Tasheva Tina , Djambazov Stoyan , Batsova Adriana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study presents the development of multicomponent glasses for glaze layers for dental yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y‐TZP). The samples were melted in the temperature range of 1 250–1 400°C and were cast in water to obtain a frit. The frits were grounded to a powder with a particle size of less than 40 µm. To study the crystallization tendency of melted glasses, they were thermally treated at 800°C and X‐ray diffraction analyses were performed for both types of samples. The structure of the glasses was investigated by the Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermal expansion coefficient, CTE, the glass‐transition temperature, Tg, and the softening temperature, Ts, were defined. To test the glaze layer on zirconia ceramic, glass powders with different compositions were mixed with modeling fluid and applied on zirconia specimens and then fired at 800°C in a vacuum dental furnace. Scanning electron microscopy, SEM, was used to observe a cross‐section of the glass–ceramic contact on a glazed zirconia ceramic specimen. Glass with the highest content of alkaline oxides is characterized by the closest CTE to zirconium ceramics (10.10−6 K−1), the greatest transparency and good fluidity, and shows good adhesion to the zirconia. The glaze layer is homogeneous without cracks, pores, and crystals.
Submerged fermentation of empty carob pods to enhance D‐pinitol, total phenolic and dietary fibre contents and associated bioactivity
Authors: Vu Thi Huong , Johnson Stuart K. , Fenton Haelee , Nguyen Duc Doan , Bhattarai Rewati Raman 
Published: July 2024

SummaryEmpty carob pods, a by‐product of carob seed production, are abundant in D‐pinitol, dietary fibre and phenolics, offering diverse potential health benefits. However, they also contain high levels of sugars. This study evaluated the capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in submerged fermentation of empty carob pods to enhance D‐pinitol to total carbohydrate ratio, and contents of dietary fibre, and phenolics. Empty carob pods were fermented at pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0 at 30 °C for 10, 20, 30 and 50 h. After 20 h of fermentation, the total carbohydrates decreased by 70% (P < 0.001); the ratio of D‐pinitol to total carbohydrates increased by nearly fivefold (P < 0.05); total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity significantly increased (P < 0.05), whereas condensed tannin content and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity remained stable. Fermented carob pods may be potentially used as a functional food ingredient to help control blood glucose levels.
Processing of visual stimuli following infant directed speech: Attention‐guiding effects of unfamiliar speech
Authors: Peykarjou Stefanie , Wissner Julia , Pauen Sabina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates attention modulation as a function of infant directed (ID) versus adult directed (AD) speech in seven‐month‐old infants using electroencephalographic measures. In three experiments, infants were presented with either ID speech or AD speech as stimuli, followed by highly variable images of inanimate objects as targets. In Experiment 1 (N = 18), images were preceded by ID or AD speech with semantic content (“Look here”). Contrary to hypothesis, targets preceded by AD speech elicited increased amplitude of the Negative central (Nc) component compared to targets preceded by ID speech, indicating increased attention. Experiment 2 (N = 23) explored whether ID versus AD speech influences attention allocation also without semantic content. The same targets were either preceded by human voice sounds without semantic content (“Uh‐Ah”) following the prosody of either ID or AD speech register. No differences in attention allocation or object processing were observed. Experiment 3 (N = 18) contrasted ID speech with and without semantic content and found enhanced attention allocation following stimuli without semantic content, but increased object processing following stimuli with semantic content. Overall, the effects observed here are consistent with the idea that less familiar speech stimuli increase attention for subsequent objects. Semantic content of stimuli increased the depth of object processing in 7‐month‐olds.
Trust is good, control is better: The role of trust and personal control in response to threat
Authors: Pauer Shiva , Rutjens Bastiaan T. , van Harreveld Frenk 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIndividuals often lack personal control over societal threats and depend on powerful others to manage such threats on their behalf. This lack of personal control could lead individuals to derive threat evaluations from the trustworthiness of powerful others. Three cross‐sectional studies (N = 1938) support this proposed interaction of trust with personal control in diverse domains (i.e., the coronavirus pandemic, the climate crisis, and farmed animal suffering). In line with the assertion that individuals evaluate uncontrollable threats by resorting to beliefs about powerful others' willingness to avert a threat, beliefs in the benevolence of governmental bodies (but no other trustees or trust attributions) drive the effects of trust on threat perceptions depending on personal control. The findings remained the same even when controlling for potential confounding variables, such as perceived knowledge, the affect heuristic, responsibility attributions, and political orientation. Furthermore, the data indicate that trust in powerful others managing a threat partially backfires in people who lack personal control by indirectly thwarting behavioral responses and policy support for managing the threat. The present findings advance the understanding of why trust predicts perceptions of threat and suggest that trust has partially detrimental consequences for managing threats that are beyond an individual's sense of personal control.
An artificial intelligence‐enabled electrocardiogram algorithm for the prediction of left atrial low‐voltage areas in persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Tao Yirao , Zhang Deyun , Tan Chen , Wang Yanjiang , Shi Liang , Chi Hongjie , Geng Shijia , Ma Zhimin , Hong Shenda , Liu Xing Peng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to construct an artificial intelligence‐enabled electrocardiogram (ECG) algorithm that can accurately predict the presence of left atrial low‐voltage areas (LVAs) in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation.MethodsThe study included 587 patients with persistent atrial fibrillation who underwent catheter ablation procedures between March 2012 and December 2023 and 942 scanned images of 12‐lead ECGs obtained before the ablation procedures were performed. Artificial intelligence‐based algorithms were used to construct models for predicting the presence of LVAs. The DR‐FLASH and APPLE clinical scores for LVA prediction were calculated. We used a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis to evaluate model performance.ResultsThe data obtained from the participants were split into training (n = 469), validation (n = 58), and test sets (n = 60). LVAs were detected in 53.7% of all participants. Using ECG alone, the deep learning algorithm achieved an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.752, outperforming both the DR‐FLASH score (AUROC = 0.610) and the APPLE score (AUROC = 0.510). The random forest classification model, which integrated a probabilistic deep learning model and clinical features, showed a maximum AUROC of 0.759. Moreover, the ECG‐based deep learning algorithm for predicting extensive LVAs achieved an AUROC of 0.775, with a sensitivity of 0.816 and a specificity of 0.896. The random forest classification model for predicting extensive LVAs achieved an AUROC of 0.897, with a sensitivity of 0.862, and a specificity of 0.935.ConclusionThe deep learning model based exclusively on ECG data and the machine learning model that combined a probabilistic deep learning model and clinical features both predicted the presence of LVAs with a higher degree of accuracy than the DR‐FLASH and the APPLE risk scores.
Cardiomyocyte‐specific overexpression of FPN1 diminishes cardiac hypertrophy induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia
Authors: Song Ji‐Xian , Xu Shan , Chen Qi , Gou Yujing , Zhao Chen‐Bing , Jia Cui‐Ling , Liu Han , Zhang Zhi , Li Bo‐liang , Gao Yuhui , Zhao Yashuo , Ji En‐Sheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe significance of iron in myocardial mitochondria function cannot be underestimated, because deviations in iron levels within cardiomyocytes may have profound detrimental effects on cardiac function. In this study, we investigated the effects of ferroportin 1 (FPN1) on cardiac iron levels and pathological alterations in mice subjected to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). The cTNT‐FPN1 plasmid was administered via tail vein injection to induce the mouse with FPN1 overexpression in the cardiomyocytes. CIH was established by exposing the mice to cycles of 21%–5% FiO2 for 3 min, 8 h per day. Subsequently, the introduction of hepcidin resulted in a reduction in FPN1 expression, and H9C2 cells were used to establish an IH model to further elucidate the role of FPN1. First, FPN1 overexpression ameliorated CIH‐induced cardiac dysfunction, myocardial hypertrophy, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. Second, FPN1 overexpression attenuated ROS levels during CIH. In addition, FPN1 overexpression mitigated CIH‐induced cardiac iron accumulation. Moreover, the administration of hepcidin resulted in a reduction in FPN1 levels, further accelerating the CIH‐induced levels of ROS, LIP and apoptosis in H9C2 cells. These findings indicate that the overexpression of FPN1 in cardiomyocytes inhibits CIH‐induced cardiac iron accumulation, subsequently reducing ROS levels and mitigating mitochondrial damage. Conversely, the administration of hepcidin suppressed FPN1 expression and worsened cardiomyocyte iron toxicity injury.
Toward a policy landscape to support the product‐as‐a‐service design process for a circular economy
Authors: Neramballi Abhijna , Milios Leonidas , Sakao Tomohiko , Matschewsky Johannes 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite the widely recognized potential of product‐as‐a‐service (PaaS) business models to contribute to the circular economy, many industrial case studies have reported that several systemic factors tend to hinder product manufacturers from effectively designing such solutions. More specifically, factors such as linear value chains, organizational structures, and market and financial conditions tend to restrict the freedom of product manufacturers to design circular PaaS solutions effectively. In this article, we take a novel approach to advance the body of knowledge concerning the interactions between policies and circular PaaS designing. We first explore the potential of the existing policy landscape to support designing for a circular economy in the manufacturing industry. The results suggest that the existing policy landscape is primarily focused on regulating product design outcomes and is thus deemed unsuitable for supporting circular PaaS designing. Subsequently, we investigate the literature to uncover how internal and external systemic factors may hinder the implementation of the key facets of circular PaaS designing in the manufacturing industry. Based on these findings, we propose a prospective policy framework that includes a mix of complementary policy interventions that systemically target the identified internal and external factors to support the implementation of the key facets of circular PaaS designing.
Protein S‐acylation, a new panacea for plant fitness
Authors: Liu Fei , Lu Jin‐Yu , Li Sha , Zhang Yan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTProtein S‐acylation or palmitoylation is a reversible post‐translational modification that influences many proteins encoded in plant genomes. Exciting progress in the past 3 years demonstrates that S‐acylation modulates subcellular localization, interacting profiles, activity, or turnover of substrate proteins in plants, participating in developmental processes and responses to abiotic or biotic stresses. In this review, we summarize and discuss the role of S‐acylation in the targeting of substrate proteins. We highlight complex roles of S‐acylation in receptor signaling. We also point out that feedbacks of protein S‐acyl transferase by signaling initiated from their substrate proteins may be a recurring theme. Finally, the reversibility of S‐acylation makes it a rapid and efficient way to respond to environmental cues. Future efforts on exploring these important aspects of S‐acylation will give a better understanding of how plants enhance their fitness under ever changing and often harsh environments.
Clinical Applications of Fetal Cell‐Free DNA: State of the Science
Authors: Knutson Julie , Anthony Kathryn , Russo Melissa L. , Kole‐White Martha B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdvances in technology have correlated with expanding prenatal genetic testing options for pregnant people. Leading medical organizations recommend cell‐free DNA as the most sensitive screening test for trisomies 13, 18, and 21, as well as for fetal sex chromosome aneuploidies. The commercially available testing options go beyond these recommended tests, and prenatal care professionals should be familiar with the tests that their patients may choose despite being beyond the scope of current medical recommendations. This article explains updates in cell‐free DNA technology and clinical considerations for prenatal care professionals, recognizing that this is a rapidly changing field of science and health care.
Non‐linear association between air pollutants and secondary sensitive skin in acne patients
Authors: Chen Xiangfeng , Wen Jing , Wu Wenjuan , Tu Ying , Peng Qiuzhi , Tao Sifan , Yang Haoran , He Li 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is a growing number of patients suffering from sensitive skin secondary to acne, but its prevalence and influencing factors are not yet well‐understood.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the nonlinear relationship between air pollutants and secondary sensitive skin in acne patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study comprising 4325 acne outpatients in China was carried out between September 2021 and December 2022, employing a simple random sampling approach. Air pollutants data was derived from the nearest air quality monitoring station corresponding to the subjects' residential locations. Furthermore, socio‐economic characteristics, biological attributes, and lifestyle data of patients were acquired via questionnaire surveys. The data were subsequently analyzed utilizing the XGBoost machine learning model.ResultsA nonlinear relationship has been observed between secondary sensitive skin in acne patients and various factors, including particulate matter (PM2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM10), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), the severity of depression, different levels of exercise intensity, acne grading, frequency of sunscreen application, gender, and age.ConclusionThe occurrence of secondary sensitive skin in acne patients be mitigated through the implementation of measures such as the control of air pollutant emissions, regulation of negative emotions, and improvement of personal lifestyle.