bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Trial to Assess the Impact of Venlafaxine and Soy Protein on Hot Flashes and Quality of Life in Men With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Vitolins Mara Z. , Griffin Leah , Tomlinson W. Vic , Vuky Jacqueline , Adams Paul T. , Moose Dawn , Frizzell Bart , Lesser Glenn J. , Naughton Michelle , Radford James E. , Shaw Edward G. 
Published: October 2013

Purpose Hot flashes occur in approximately 80% of androgen-deprived men. Few intervention studies have been conducted to relieve hot flashes in men. Patients and Methods Eligible androgen-deprived men were randomly assigned to one of four daily regimens (2 × 2 factorial design) for 12 weeks: milk protein powder and placebo pill, venlafaxine and milk protein powder, soy protein powder and placebo pill, or venlafaxine and soy protein powder. The primary end point was hot flash symptom severity score (HFSSS), defined as number of hot flashes times severity. The secondary end point was quality of life (QoL), assessed by using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate. Results In all, 120 men age 46 to 91 years participated. Most were white (78%) and overweight or obese (83%). Toxicity was minimal. Neither venlafaxine nor soy protein alone or in combination had a significant effect on HFSSS. Soy protein, but not venlafaxine, improved measures of QoL. Conclusion In androgen-deprived men, neither venlafaxine nor soy proved effective in reducing hot flashes. Interventions that appear effective for decreasing hot flashes in women may not always turn out to be effective in men.
DoBRCA1andBRCA2Mutation Carriers Have Earlier Natural Menopause Than Their Noncarrier Relatives? Results From the Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research Into Familial Breast Cancer
Authors: Collins Ian M. , Milne Roger L. , McLachlan Sue Anne , Friedlander Michael , Hickey Martha , Weideman Prue C. , Birch Kate E. , Hopper John L. , Phillips Kelly-Anne 
Published: October 2013

PurposeLimited data suggest that germline BRCA1 mutations are associated with occult primary ovarian insufficiency and that BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers might have earlier natural menopause (NM) than their noncarrier relatives.Patients and MethodsEligible women were mutation carriers and noncarriers from families segregating a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Data were self-reported using uniform questionnaires at cohort entry and every 3 years thereafter. NM was defined as the cessation of menses for 12 months without another cause. Cox proportional hazards analysis modeled time from birth to NM, adjusting for multiple potential confounders. Analysis time was censored at the earliest of the following: last follow-up, bilateral oophorectomy, hysterectomy, commencement of hormone therapy, insertion of intrauterine device, or any cancer diagnosis. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated as a measure of how likely mutation carriers are, relative to noncarriers, to reach NM at a given age.ResultsA total of 1,840 women were eligible for analysis. Overall only 19% reached NM. A lower proportion of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers reached NM compared with noncarriers. Conversely, a higher proportion of mutation carriers were censored at cancer diagnosis or oophorectomy than noncarriers. The adjusted HR estimates for NM were 1.03 (95% CI, 0.75 to 1.40; P = .9) for 445 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 559 noncarrier relatives and 1.01 (95% CI, 0.71 to 1.42; P = .9) for 374 BRCA2 mutation carriers and 462 noncarrier relatives.ConclusionWe found no evidence that BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are at higher risk of NM at a given age than their noncarrier relatives.
Changes Of The Concept Of State Finance And Subjects In Sustainability Context
Authors: Èernius Gintaras 
Published: October 2013

In a face of global financial crisis that is currently shaking the world, the issue what is the role of a state in its finance management and how each state influences, or can influence, its finance is extremely relevant.The objective of this research is to identify whether the contemporary approach to public finance and its subjects is suitable for the effective financial management at a state level in present conditions. In order to reach the objective, the research shall examine how the contemporary approach to finance limits possibilities of its management; form new concept of state finance involving private and public finance; and define how the application of new, broader, social partnership based approach, might change financial relationship between a state, citizens, and companies, and how practical application of this new approach might contribute to financial stability of a state. Practical application of the research results would allow saving 2­4 percent on the interest rates for state loans, create better conditions for the development of state economy, and increase financial sustainability of a state.
Influence of PCR Reagents on DNA Polymerase Extension Rates Measured on Real-Time PCR Instruments
Authors: Montgomery Jesse L , Wittwer Carl T 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDRadioactive DNA polymerase activity methods are cumbersome and do not provide initial extension rates. A simple extension rate assay would enable study of basic assumptions about PCR and define the limits of rapid PCR.METHODSA continuous assay that monitors DNA polymerase extension using noncovalent DNA dyes on common real-time PCR instruments was developed. Extension rates were measured in nucleotides per second per molecule of polymerase. To initiate the reaction, a nucleotide analog was heat activated at 95 °C for 5 min, the temperature decreased to 75 °C, and fluorescence monitored until substrate exhaustion in 30–90 min.RESULTSThe assay was linear with time for over 40% of the reaction and for polymerase concentrations over a 100-fold range (1–100 pmol/L). Extension rates decreased continuously with increasing monovalent cation concentrations (lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, and ammonium). Melting-temperature depressors had variable effects. DMSO increased rates up to 33%, whereas glycerol had little effect. Betaine, formamide, and 1,2-propanediol decreased rates with increasing concentrations. Four common noncovalent DNA dyes inhibited polymerase extension. Heat-activated nucleotide analogs were 92% activated after 5 min, and hot start DNA polymerases were 73%–90% activated after 20 min.CONCLUSIONSSimple DNA extension rate assays can be performed on real-time PCR instruments. Activity is decreased by monovalent cations, DNA dyes, and most melting temperature depressors. Rational inclusion of PCR components on the basis of their effects on polymerase extension is likely to be useful in PCR, particularly rapid-cycle or fast PCR.
Intuition and consilience: The creation of clinical and symptomatic knowledge in entertainment industries
Authors: Oh Ingyu 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The recent tendency among scholars in the discussion of the creation of innovative knowledge emphasizes the importance of intuition over learned (or informed) decisions. This new development, however, fails to instruct us how to train decision makers to be intuitive. Furthermore, in their new catchphrase of ‘consilience’, many scholars and practitioners fail to teach us how to generate new knowledge through interdisciplinary communication. We are not even sure as to how we can establish communication among different disciplines to begin with. This article is an attempt to bridge our classical understanding of clinical and symptomatic knowledge in western philosophy with the new type of knowledge creation through consilience. I first explain the big picture of how both clinical and symptomatic knowledge is closely linked to consilience as pivotal elements of new knowledge creation. The big picture will then be applied to a small picture of the entertainment industry where consilience is used to create new box office hits like Hollywood and South Korean Hallyu cultural products.
Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of accidental and perioperative hypothermia
Authors: Brandt Sebastian , Mühlsteff Jens , Imhoff Michael 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAccidental hypothermia and its variant, perioperative hypothermia, is a rather common clinical phenomenon in patients. This is surprising because the negative effects on clinical outcomes are well described and effective patient-warming devices are available today. The aim of this paper is to describe the physiologic background of accidental and perioperative hypothermia, the clinical relevance and existing prophylaxis and treatment options. Patient warming techniques will be discussed in detail. Remaining technical and clinical challenges and the need for further research will be addressed. We will present existing guidelines and standards and analyse the impact of accidental and perioperative hypothermia on cost effectiveness.
On 3D DDFV Discretization of Gradient and Divergence Operators: Discrete Functional Analysis Tools and Applications to Degenerate Parabolic Problems
Authors: Andreianov Boris , Bendahmane Mostafa , Hubert Florence 
Published: October 2013

Abstract.
We present a detailed survey of
discrete functional analysis tools (consistency results, Poincaré and Sobolev embedding inequalities, discrete W1,p compactness,
discrete compactness in space and in time) for the so-called
Discrete Duality Finite Volume (DDFV) schemes
in three space dimensions.
We concentrate mainly on the 3D CeVe-DDFV scheme presented
in [IMA J. Numer. Anal., 32 (2012), pp. 1574–1603].
Some of our results are new, such as a general time-compactness result based upon the idea
of Kruzhkov (1969); others generalize the ideas known for the 2D DDFV schemes or for traditional two-point-flux finite volume schemes.
We illustrate the use of these tools by studying convergence of discretizations of nonlinear elliptic-parabolic problems of Leray–Lions kind, and provide numerical results for this example.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of 2-(4,5-dihydro-5-(tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-substituted phenols
Authors: Ashok Dongamanti , Rao Velagapuri Hanumantha , Sreenivas Peddolla 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A series of pyrazolines 4a–h has been synthesized by Michael addition of chalcones 3a–h with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of sodium acetate under conventional heating or microwave irradiation. Structures of the newly synthesized pyrazolines 4a–h have been established on the basis of IR, 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectral data.
Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial screening of s-triazines linked with piperazine or aniline scaffolds
Authors: Lakum Harshad P. , Desai Dhara V. , Chikhalia Kishor H. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Two series of s-triazines linked with piperazine or aniline scaffolds (4a–i and 5a–j) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro biological efficacy against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 109, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 741, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Bacillus cereus MTCC 619) and fungi (Candida albicans MTCC 183 and Aspergillus niger MTCC 282) using a broth dilution technique. Compounds most active against certain bacteria and fungi are 4e, 4g, 4i, 5d, and 5i.
Practice Variance, Prevalence, and Economic Burden of Premature Infants Diagnosed With GERD
Authors: Jadcherla Sudarshan R. , Slaughter Jonathan L. , Stenger Michael R. , Klebanoff Mark , Kelleher Kelly , Gardner William 
Published: October 2013

Objective:
To determine the practice variance, prevalence, and economic burden of clinically diagnosed gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in preterm infants.

Methods:
Applying a retrospective cohort study design, we analyzed data from 18 567 preterm infants of 22 to 36 weeks’ gestation and &gt;400 g birth weight from the NICUs of 33 freestanding children’s hospitals in the United States. GERD prevalence, comorbidities, and demographic factors were examined for their association with average length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization cost.

Results:
Overall, 10.3% of infants received a diagnosis of GERD (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.8–10.7). There was a 13-fold variation in GERD rates across hospitals (P &lt; .001). GERD diagnosis was significantly (P &lt; .05) associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and necrotizing enterocolitis, as well as congenital anomalies and decreased birth weight. GERD diagnosis was associated with $70 489 (95% CI: 62 184–78 794) additional costs per discharge and 29.9 additional days in LOS (95% CI: 27.3–32.5).

Conclusions:
One in 10 of these premature NICU infants were diagnosed with GERD, which is associated with substantially increased LOS and elevated costs. Better diagnostic and management strategies are needed to evaluate reflux-type symptoms in this vulnerable NICU population.
Nonmedical Vaccine Exemptions and Pertussis in California, 2010
Authors: Atwell Jessica E. , Van Otterloo Josh , Zipprich Jennifer , Winter Kathleen , Harriman Kathleen , Salmon Daniel A. , Halsey Neal A. , Omer Saad B. 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUND:
In 2010, 9120 cases of pertussis were reported in California, more than any year since 1947. Although this resurgence has been widely attributed to waning immunity of the acellular vaccine, the role of vaccine refusal has not been explored in the published literature. Many factors likely contributed to the outbreak, including the cyclical nature of pertussis, improved diagnosis, and waning immunity; however, it is important to understand if clustering of unvaccinated individuals also played a role.

METHODS:
We analyzed nonmedical exemptions (NMEs) for children entering kindergarten from 2005 through 2010 and pertussis cases with onset in 2010 in California to determine if NMEs increased in that period, if children obtaining NMEs clustered spatially, if pertussis cases clustered spatially and temporally, and if there was statistically significant overlap between clusters of NMEs and cases.

RESULTS:
Kulldorff’s scan statistics identified 39 statistically significant clusters of high NME rates and 2 statistically significant clusters of pertussis cases in this time period. Census tracts within an exemptions cluster were 2.5 times more likely to be in a pertussis cluster (odds ratio = 2.47, 95% confidence interval: 2.22–2.75). More cases occurred within as compared with outside exemptions clusters (incident rate ratios = 1.20, 95% confidence interval: 1.10–1.30). The association remained significant after adjustment for demographic factors. NMEs clustered spatially and were associated with clusters of pertussis cases.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data suggest clustering of NMEs may have been 1 of several factors in the 2010 California pertussis resurgence.
International Reach of Tobacco Marketing Among Young Children
Authors: Borzekowski Dina L.G. , Cohen Joanna E. 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUND:
Prosmoking messages, delivered through marketing and the media, can reach very young children and influence attitudes and behaviors around smoking. This study examined the reach of tobacco marketing to 5 and 6 year olds in 6 low- and middle-income countries.

METHODS:
Researchers worked one-on-one with 5 and 6 year olds in Brazil, China, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Russia (N = 2423). The children were asked to match logos with pictures of products, including 8 logos for cigarette brands. Analyses examined, overall and by country, whether gender, age, location, household use of tobacco, and knowledge of media characters were associated with awareness of cigarette brand logos. Additional analyses considered the relationship between cigarette brand logo awareness and intentions to smoke.

RESULTS:
Overall, 68% of 5 and 6 year olds could identify at least 1 cigarette brand logo, ranging from 50% in Russia to 86% in China. Across countries, being slightly older and having someone in the household who used tobacco, were significantly associated with greater odds of being able to identify at least 1 cigarette brand logo.

CONCLUSIONS:
The majority of young children from low- and middle-income countries are familiar with cigarette brands. This study’s findings suggest that more effective measures are needed to restrict the reach of tobacco marketing.
National Trends in Psychotropic Medication Use in Young Children: 1994–2009
Authors: Chirdkiatgumchai Vilawan , Xiao Hong , Fredstrom Bridget K. , Adams Ryan E. , Epstein Jeff N. , Shah Samir S. , Brinkman William B. , Kahn Robert S. , Froehlich Tanya E. 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To examine recent national trends in psychotropic use for very young children at US outpatient medical visits.

METHODS:
Data for 2- to 5-year-old children (N = 43 598) from the 1994–2009 National Ambulatory and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys were used to estimate the weighted percentage of visits with psychotropic prescriptions. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with psychotropic use. Time effects were examined in 4-year blocks (1994–1997, 1998–2001, 2002–2005, and 2006–2009).

RESULTS:
Psychotropic prescription rates were 0.98% from 1994–1997, 0.83% from 1998–2001, 1.45% from 2002–2005, and 1.00% from 2006–2009. The likelihood of preschool psychotropic use was highest in 2002–2005 (1994–1997 adjusted odds ratio [AOR] versus 2002–2005: 0.67; 1998–2001 AOR versus 2002–2005: 0.63; 2006–2009 AOR versus 2002–2005: 0.64), then diminished such that the 2006–2009 probability of use did not differ from 1994–1997 or from 1998–2001. Boys (AOR versus girls: 1.64), white children (AOR versus other race: 1.42), older children (AOR for 4 to 5 vs 2 to 3 year olds: 3.87), and those lacking private insurance (AOR versus privately insured: 2.38) were more likely than children from other groups to receive psychotropic prescriptions.

CONCLUSIONS:
Psychotropic prescription was notable for peak usage in 2002–2005 and sociodemographic disparities in use. Further study is needed to discern why psychotropic use in very young children stabilized in 2006–2009, as well as reasons for increased use in boys, white children, and those lacking private health insurance.
Childhood Interstitial Lung Diseases: An 18-year Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Soares Jennifer J. , Deutsch Gail H. , Moore Paul E. , Fazili Mohammad F. , Austin Eric D. , Brown Rebekah F. , Sokolow Andrew G. , Hilmes Melissa A. , Young Lisa R. 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Childhood interstitial lung diseases (ILD) occur in a variety of clinical contexts. Advances in the understanding of disease pathogenesis and use of standardized terminology have facilitated increased case ascertainment. However, as all studies have been performed at specialized referral centers, the applicability of these findings to general pulmonary practice has been uncertain. The objective of this study was to determine the historical occurrence of childhood ILD to provide information reflecting general pediatric pulmonary practice patterns.

METHODS:
Childhood ILD cases seen at Vanderbilt Children’s Hospital from 1994 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed and classified according to the current pediatric diffuse lung disease histopathologic classification system.

RESULTS:
A total of 93 cases were identified, of which 91.4% were classifiable. A total of 68.8% (64/93) of subjects underwent lung biopsy in their evaluations. The largest classification categories were disorders related to systemic disease processes (24.7%), disorders of the immunocompromised host (24.7%), and disorders more prevalent in infancy (22.6%). Eight cases of neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) were identified, including 5 that were previously unrecognized before this review.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings demonstrate the general scope of childhood ILD and that these cases present within a variety of pediatric subspecialties. Retrospective review was valuable in recognizing more recently described forms of childhood ILD. As a significant portion of cases were classifiable based on clinical, genetic, and/or radiographic criteria, we urge greater consideration to noninvasive diagnostic approaches and suggest modification to the current childhood ILD classification scheme to accommodate the increasing number of cases diagnosed without lung biopsy.
Effects of local nitric oxide release on human mesenchymal stem cell attachment and proliferation on gelatin hydrogel surface
Authors: Xing Qi , Yates Keegan , Bailey Avery , Vogt Caleb , He Weilue , Frost Megan C. , Zhao Feng 
Published: October 2013

Nitric oxide plays important roles in cardiovascular homeostasis, immune responses and wound repair. Therefore, polymers that release nitric oxide locally at the surface exhibit improved biocompatibility for biomedical implants through reducing neointimal hyperplasia and thrombosis caused by blood vessel wall damage. The objective of this article was to fabricate a nitric oxide–releasing gelatin hydrogel that can continuously generate nitric oxide at a physiologically relevant level and inhibit cell attachment and proliferation. The nitric oxide donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), was successfully conjugated to the gelatin hydrogel, which showed a rapid nitric oxide release in the first 2 h and then a slower but sustained release in the next 70-h period. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), as a model cell line with wide biomedical applications, were used to examine the cell attachment and proliferation of the nitric oxide–releasing gelatin hydrogel. Compared with the control gelatin, the nitric oxide–releasing gelatin hydrogel demonstrated a 0·35 times lower hMSCs attachment at 6 h and a 3·15 times lower hMSCs proliferation after 72-h incubation. Moreover, hMSCs on nitric oxide–releasing gelatin exhibited a rounder cell shape and covered less cellular area than their counterparts on the control gelatin hydrogel. This gelatin hydrogel with local nitric oxide release at physiological level provides a promising therapeutic approach in enhancing the performance of biomedical implants.
Dynamic Provisioning and Resource Management for Multi-Tier Cloud Based Applications
Authors: Goswami Veena , Patra S. S. , Mund G. B. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Dynamic capacity provisioning is a useful technique for handling the workload variations seen in cloud environment. In this paper, we propose a dynamic provisioning technique for multi-tier applications to allocate resources efficiently using queueing model. It dynamically increases the mean service rate of the virtual machines to avoid congestion in the multi-tier environments. An optimization model to minimize the total number of virtual machines for computing resources in each tier has been presented. Using the supplementary variable and the recursive techniques, we obtain the system-length distributions at pre-arrival and arbitrary epochs. Some important performance indicators such as blocking probability, request waiting time and number of tasks in the system and in the queue have also been investigated. Finally, computational results showing the effect of model parameters on key performance indicators are presented.
Management of Speeding Comparing Two Applied Engineering Measures
Authors: Ebrahim Zuhair , Nikraz Hamid 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The importance of safety comes from the responsibility towards protecting the vulnerable road users, who seem to be the victims in most road crashes. Thus, authorities tend to focus on reducing the travelling speed of the vehicles, whereas some road users may consider the move to interfere with mobility. In this study, a case study in Perth’s two roads was conducted to compare two engineering treatments of speed reductions on these two busy shopping strips. The study aim is to illustrate the effect of using the electronic flashing signs rather than the standard signs in terms of speeding reduction and harm minimisation. Crash data were analysed and supported the safety benefits of the electronic flashing signs. Authorities have measured the reduction of the travelling speeds of vehicles and found it to be encouraging. There are clear, positive safety benefits from the study in terms of engineering and enforcement measures