bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mensuração da contribuição do setor privado para a cobertura arbórea no município de Piracicaba.
Authors: Oliveira Daniel Azevedo Mendes , Caldana Cristiane Renata Gaiotto , Cardoso Aroldo Luiz Pereira , Silva Filho Demóstenes Ferreira , Polizel Jefferson Lordello , Gandara Mendes Flávio Bertin 
Published: October 2015

A manutenção da vegetação urbana é extremamente importante como mantenedora da qualidade de vida da população. Com relação aos principais estudos sobre vegetação urbana normalmente são abordados parques urbanos, os locais normalmente negligenciados nestes estudos, são áreas verdes dentro de terrenos particulares, como os quintais urbanos. Estes apresentam uma grande importância ecológica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a área de cobertura arbórea que se encontra dentro de áreas privadas no perímetro urbano do município de Piracicaba, utilizando imagem do Satélite WorldView-2 e softwares para obtenção dos resultados. Neste trabalho foram utilizadas imagens WorldView-2 de 2011 da área urbana expandida do município de Piracicaba. Nesta imagem foi feita a classificação supervisionada através do software MultiSpec 3.4 em 12 classes, mensurando a cobertura arbórea do município. Após a classificação e análise visual da imagem foi criado um buffer no software Quantum Gis 2.8.1.de 10 metros para ruas e 12 metros para avenidas, para excluir árvores em ruas e avenidas.Após este procedimento no programa ArcGis 10.2.2 foram retiradas todas as das vias públicas, pela ferramente clip, entre a classe copa de árvore e o buffer de ruas. Ainda neste software foram cortadas todas as área com cobertura arbórea em áreas publicas, APPs, e zonas de transição, com a ferramenta erase, contabilizando somente as árvores em terrenos privados. Foi encontrada uma área de 5338,15 ha de cobertura arbórea total na área urbana expandida do município de Piracicaba em 2011, destes 1083,4 ha de cobertura arbórea estava em áreas privadas representando 20,3%.
FARKLI YÖNLERİ VE KATKILARIYLA KATILIM BANKACILIĞI
Authors: GÜNGÖR KAMİL 
Published: October 2015

Faizsiz bankacılık dünyada 1960’lı Türkiye’de ise 1980’li yılların ortalarında gündeme gelmiştir. 1970’li yıllarda Körfez ülkelerinde uygulamaya başlanan faizsiz bankacılık daha sonra batılı ülkelere de uygulama alanı bulmuştur. Türkiye’de “katılı bankacılığı” olarak isimlendirilen faizsiz bankacılığın fon toplama ve kullandırma usullerinde geleneksel bankacılıktan önemli ölçüde farklı ve yeni bir yöntemdir. Katılım bankaları hem Türkiye’de hem de dünyada müşterilerine geleneksel bankalardan farklı alternatifler sunmaktadır. Ekonomi politikalarının sürekli, uzun vadeli ve reel sektörü destekleyici olması gerekir. Eğer kamusal açıkların çok büyük, devletin borçlanma gereği ve riskler çok yüksek olursa yatırımcının karar vermekte güçlük çekerler. Reel sektörü destekleyen katılım bankaları uzun vadede küresel ya da yerel çapta ekonomik krizlere neden olan bu politikalara bir alternatiftir.
Islamic Theological Views on the Teachers’ Position and Duties
Authors: Lubis Agus Salim 
Published: October 2015

Some people always underestimate teachers. A person as teachers do not preserve their personality; whereas, from the side of tauhid, teaching profession is a very noble job and should be given a high honor. Why? Because the tasks undertaken by the teachers have the relationship with the existence of what has been done by God, Allah, to all His creators, as teaching, educating, leading, guiding, and preserving. On the other hand, a teacher must have a personality with divine attributes (rabbaniyah), such as love and gentle, honest, virtuous, patient, has a broad and deep knowledge, clean or avoid sin, humble and forgiving, and others. Keywords: Teacher, Theology, Islam.Copyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
Developing Environment–Based Materials to Teach Writing in Recount Texts
Authors: Hapsari Fauziah Ratna 
Published: October 2015

The tenth graders of State Senior High School 2 Semarang had problems to write their experiences. Unfortunately the existing materials were not appropriate to facilitate the learners to write recount texts. Hence, this study would like to develop environment – based materials to teach writing recount texts. It was inspired by the previous studies held by Gürsoy (2010) and Hauschild (2012). The materials were expected to improve learners’ writing competence of recount texts by applying topics which learners found in their daily lives, that is, environmental education. This study employed Research and Development design adapted from Borg and Gall (2003). The study found that applying the environment – based materials to teach writing recount texts gained positive effects. Moreover, the test of effectiveness reported significant improvement. The average score of pre-test was 48.94 and of post-test was 81.61. Therefore, English teachers are suggested to employ the materials. It is also necessary to conduct further studies to gain more positive effects toward teaching and learning process and to improve the learners’ writing competence. Keywords: Teaching writing; recount text; environment – based materials; contextual teaching and learningCopyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
Ecotourism Development: Educational Media of Environmental Care
Authors: Hatta Mohd. , Thamrin Thamrin , Sudjianto Sudjianto , Yoswati Desi 
Published: October 2015

One of appropriate tourism management models to be implemented while maintaining the sustainability and the beauty of the nature is sustainable tourism activities that have low impact on the environment, otherwise known as ecotourism. With the concept of ecotourism, which combines tourism with nature conservation, is believed to develop the rest of the environmental potential. Developing the natural ecotourism with alignments principles on nature and will be very beneficial to humans. Its usefulness is not only availability of a healthy environment and climate, maintaining flora and fauna that increasingly rare, but also can be a direct lecturing media, both formal and informal levels. Availability of valuable educational ecotourism area has to be monitored seriously so that the chain of intergenerational education of nature is not interrupted. Through ecotourism promoting the values of education, future generations will be more familiar with nature as an integral part of life. Keywords: Ecotourism, educational media, environmentCopyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
Transformation of the Minangkabau Islamic Education: The Study of Educational thought of Abdul Karim Amrullah, Abdullah Ahmad And Rahmah El-Yunusiyah
Authors: Zulmuqim Zulmuqim 
Published: October 2015

Transformation of education in Minangkabau at the Beginning the 20th Century was done by established figure of Islam, such as Abdul Karim Amrullah, Abdullah Ahmad and Rahmah el-Yunusiyah. Abdul Karim Amrullah begins transforming Islamic education by changing the status of Jembatan Besi Surau to become Islamic modern school (Madrasah) with class system, which is known as Sumatera Thawalib. Abdullah Ahmad transforms Islamic education by establishing HIS Adabiyah with school system, and also includes Islamic subjects in the curriculum. Moreover Rahmah el-Yunusiyah committed renewal by building woman Islamic school (Madrasah). Key words:Renewal, Islamic Education, Education Thinking.Copyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
The Using of Media in Learning Fiqh to the Islamic Education Department of Education and Teacher Faculty of IAIN Imam Bonjol Padang
Authors: Sabri Ahmad , Gusmaneli Gusmaneli , Gusmaneli Gusmaneli 
Published: October 2015

The using of media in learning is one of important aspects to be applied in learning process, the delivery of learning material is easy to understand, in addition to the provide more concrete learning, specially in the achievement of learning objectives. The aims of this study is to reveal the use of Media in Learning Fiqh in the Department of Islamic Education, Education and Teaching Faculty of IAIN Imam Bonjol Padang. This study used a qualitative descriptive method, the informants of this study is consisted of lecturers who teach jurisprudence at the Department of Islamic education, the other jurisprudence lecturers, students and subsequently increased in accordance with the purposes of the data obtained. Data collected by using observation, interviews, and documentation, to the validity of the data obtained, it is conducted the triangulation during the research process. The research results revealed that the Use of Media in Learning Fiqh of the Department of Islamic Education in Teaching Faculty of IAIN Imam Bonjol Padang by lecturers already in used, such as using a doll to organize the corpse, shroud, perfume, coffin corpse and occasional lecturer use media electronics such as laptop. This was due to the limited facilities and infrastructure that provide in Department of Islamic Education, Tarbiyah Faculty of IAIN Imam Bonjol Padang, and the instability of electricity power, thus, the most frequently media that is used by lecturer is a whiteboard using the discussion method. Keywords: Media, Learning of jurisprudence, Department of Islamic studiesCopyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
Precision, reproducibility, and accuracy of bone crest level measurements of CBCT cross sections using different resolutions
Authors: Menezes Carolina Carmo , Janson Guilherme , da Silveira Massaro Camila , Cambiaghi Lucas , Garib Daniela Gamba 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the precision, reproducibility, and accuracy of alveolar crest level measurements on CBCT images obtained with different voxel sizes.

Materials and Methods:
CBCT exams were made of 12 dried human mandibles with voxel dimensions of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mm. Bone crest level was measured directly on the mandibles with a digital caliper and on CBCT images. Images were measured twice by two examiners. Intra- and interexaminer precision and reproducibility were assessed using paired and t-tests, respectively. Accuracy was evaluated using t-tests.

Results:
Precision and reproducibility of bone crest level tomographic measurements was good for all voxel sizes evaluated. The images with 0.2-mm voxel size showed a decreased number of intraexaminer errors. A high accuracy for measurements of bone crest level was observed for all CBCT definitions, except for the mandibular incisors using the 0.4-mm voxel size.

Conclusions:
Precision and reproducibility of alveolar bone level measurements were good for various voxel sizes. CBCT images demonstrated good accuracy for 0.2-mm and 0.3-mm voxel sizes. The mandibular incisor region needs better resolution than that provided by 0.4-mm voxel size for bone crest level measurements.
Efficacy and Safety of Canagliflozin, a Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor, as Add-on to Insulin in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Henry Robert R. , Thakkar Payal , Tong Cindy , Polidori David , Alba Maria 
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE
This study assessed the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin, a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, as add-on to insulin in adults with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This 18-week, double-blind, phase 2 study randomized 351 patients (HbA1c 7.0–9.0% [53–75 mmol/mol]) on multiple daily insulin injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion to canagliflozin 100 or 300 mg or placebo. The primary end point was the proportion of patients achieving at week 18 both HbA1c reduction from baseline of ≥0.4% (≥4.4 mmol/mol) and no increase in body weight. Other end points included changes in HbA1c, body weight, and insulin dose, as well as hypoglycemia incidence. Safety was assessed by adverse event (AE) reports.

RESULTS
More patients had both HbA1c reduction ≥0.4% and no increase in body weight with canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg versus placebo at week 18 (36.9%, 41.4%, 14.5%, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). Both canagliflozin doses provided reductions in HbA1c, body weight, and insulin dose versus placebo over 18 weeks. The incidence of hypoglycemia was similar across groups; severe hypoglycemia rates were low (1.7–6.8%). Overall incidence of AEs was 55.6%, 67.5%, and 54.7% with canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg and placebo; discontinuation rates were low (0.9–1.3%). Increased incidence of ketone-related AEs (5.1%, 9.4%, 0%), including the specific AE of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (4.3%, 6.0%, 0%), was seen with canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg versus placebo.

CONCLUSIONS
Canagliflozin provided reductions in HbA1c, body weight, and insulin dose with no increase in hypoglycemia, but increased rates of ketone-related AEs, including DKA, in adults with type 1 diabetes inadequately controlled with insulin.
An Ocean of Locusts - The Perception and Control of Insect Pests in Prussian Brandenburg (1700-1850)
Authors: Sprenger Jana 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Since the beginning of agrarian societies, coping with animal pests has been an important part of the interaction between humans and their environment. Analysing historical pest-related discourses reveals contemporary knowledge of special aspects of the natural world, the way of dealing with natural hazards, as well as societal changes in the valuation of nature. The eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries were characterised by substantial transformations in the confronting of animal pests. Important foundations leading to the later development of modern pest control were set in this time. The study examines the perception and distribution as well as the damage caused by and control of different insect pests in agriculture and forestry. It concentrates on Prussian Brandenburg in the northeast of today's Germany between 1700 and 1850. Handwritten administrative documents as well as printed silvicultural, agricultural and entomological literature serve as underlying sources. The analysis focuses on pine caterpillars in forestry and migratory locusts in agriculture. It also gives an overview of the perception of animal pests in general.
Bugs in the Garden: Tea Plantations and Environmental Constraints in Eastern India (Assam), 1840-1910
Authors: Dey Arnab 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This article rethinks the relationship between the tea plantation economy and its built environment, ecological constraints and nature in fin de siècle Assam in eastern India. It does this by analysing the historical role of tea pests and climate that bedevilled the industry throughout this period. If labour remained the long-term concern for planters (and historians), it argues that these ecological factors induced a critical impact on the working and character of these estates that has largely been overlooked. Alongside labour, nature was an important ally and obstacle that had to be understood, ordered and disciplined. This article thus suggests that managing these estates was as much a biological and ecological challenge as an economic one.
Sulphureuine B, a drimane type sesquiterpenoid isolated from <i>Laetiporus sulphureus</i> induces apoptosis in glioma cells
Authors: Zhang Jing-Wei , Wen Gong-Ling , Zhang Lei , Duan Dong-Mei , Ren Zhong-Hai 
Published: October 2015

<p class="Abstract">A drimane type sesquiterpenoids, sulphureuine B was isolated from the edible mushroom <em>Laetiporus sulphureus</em> and its antiproliferative properties were investigated using U-87MG glioma cells. It was observed that sulphu-reuine B-induced apoptosis in U-87MG cells and the mechanisms involved are endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial and death receptor mediated pathways. Endoplasmic reticulum stress was identified from the results of enormous cytoplasmic vacuolation, CHOP elevation and caspase-12 cleavage. Further, we found that treatment of sulphureuine B-induced PERK, IRE1α, and ATF6α activations. In addition, sulphureuine B-induced Bcl-2 down-regulation, cleavage of PARP, and caspase-8 activation were also affected. All these experimental results clearly revealed that sulphureuine B-induced apoptosis mediated through endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial, and death receptor signaling pathways.</p><p> </p>
Le droit de la biodiversité
Authors: Beurier Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2015

Les découvertes récentes en biologie moléculaire et leurs applications en génie génétique ouvrent des voies nouvelles en médecine, en agroalimentaire ou en technologie des matériaux. Les travaux les plus récents montrent une perte importante de la biodiversité à notre époque, dont la cause est humaine. Afin de tirer profit des découvertes de la génétique, il convient de préserver la biodiversité, réserve naturelle de gènes. Cette préoccupation protectionniste est le fait des pays développés, alors que les pays en développement souhaitent avant tout tirer avantage de la vente d'espèces ou du contrôle de l'accès à celles-ci.
Le droit international de l'environnement n'était pas armé pour répondre à ce besoin nouveau. C'est pourquoi la Convention de Rio de 1 992 traite de la biodiversité. Elle entérine les thèses des pays en développement, instaurant une privatisation généralisée de l'accès à ces ressources nouvelles, dans le droit fil des résolutions sur la souveraineté des peuples sur leurs ressources naturelles.
Les ressources génétiques deviennent un produit commercial comme les autres. L'accès aux gènes est source de redevances ou d'un troc : liberté d'accès contre transfert de technologie. Dans la zone intertropicale, souvent l'accès aux espèces génétiquement intéressantes pose le problème de la protection du sol, du mode de vie et du savoir des populations autochtones qui ont parfois des rapports conflictuels avec l'Etat prétendant exercer sa souveraineté sur ce territoire.
La vision commerciale des ressources génétiques, la brevetabilité du vivant ont projeté la biodiversité sur le devant de la scène juridique internationale. Il n'est pas certain que le droit en vigueur soit le meilleur moyen d'assurer la protection de la biodiversité dont pourtant le monde de la recherche, unanime, s'accorde à penser qu'elle a une importance considérable pour la société de demain.
La responsabilité personnelle des directeurs techniques ayant dans leurs attributions des compétences en matière d'environnement
Authors: Steichen Pascale 
Published: October 2015

De nombreuses entreprises tendent aujourd'hui à confier à un « responsable » la mission de gérer et de prévenir les risques d'atteinte à l'environnement. Cette nouvelle fonction n'est pas sans susciter un certain nombre d'interrogations au regard notamment des responsabilités susceptibles d'être imputées, de manière alternative ou cumulative, à l'entreprise elle-même, à son dirigeant, ou au délégué chargé des questions environnementales. Or, le flou artistique qui entoure cette nouvelle fonction ne sert ni les intérêts des salariés, ni ceux de l'environnement. Il semblerait bien que l'on assiste aujourd'hui à un double mouvement. Au plan pénal, on constate une extension de la responsabilité des délégués, quel que soit le secteur concerné, à partir du moment où les conditions traditionnelles de la délégation de pouvoir se trouvent réunies.
Dans le même temps, la responsabilité civile des préposés vis-à-vis de leur commettant se trouve considérablement limitée dans la mesure où la responsabilité du préposé ne semble plus pouvoir être engagée dès lors que celui-ci a agi dans le cadre de ses fonctions.
Mixité des Maisons des adolescents en Île-de-France
Authors: Benoit de Coignac Agathe , Cosseron Florent , Wiest Jeremie 
Published: October 2015

L’article présente les originalités concernant le dispositif des treize mda d’Île-de-France. Notamment l’existence de Casado à Saint-Denis issu du secteur pédopsychiatrique, et Casita logé à l’intérieur même de l’hôpital Avicenne. Une question est posée, en conclusion, montrant les difficultés d’accueil des adolescents : « Comment soutenir la pratique de l’accueil du tout-venant , qui échappe aux protocoles convenus de la psychiatrie, sans nous laisser happer par l’idéologie actuelle à l’endroit de cette même psychiatrie : non plus une antipsychiatrie comme dans les années 1960-1970, mais la non-psychiatrie prônée par certaines idéologies actuelles, qui n’est que l’avatar du négationnisme politique général de ce début de siècle ? »
The European 3D Technology Platform (e-CUBES)
Authors: Ramm Peter , Klumpp Armin , Weber Josef , Fritzsch Thomas , Taklo Maaike , Lietaer Nicolas , De Raedt Walter , Hilt Thierry , Couderc Pascal , Val Christian , Mathewson Alan , Razeeb Kafil M. , Stam Frank 
Published: October 2015

The European 3D technology platform that has been established represents the ensemble of 3D integration technologies which were developed within the e-CUBES project [http://www.ecubes.org]. It became evident that the fabrication of e-CUBES with their need for high-level miniaturization can only be realized by system integration technologies which use the third dimension. The main objective is to provide 3D integration technologies which on the one hand increase the performance sufficiently and at the same time allow for low cost fabrication in order to achieve products with a large market potential.
The work was focussed on the requirements coming from application demonstrators. However, other requirements set by taking the visionary approach of developing strongly miniaturized micro/nano-systems were also a major task of the work.
Research and technological development was necessary in the following fields in order to achieve the objectives. Seven corresponding technologies were successfully developed building a European platform on 3D Integration. This is considered to be essential output of the e-CUBES project. These are in the 3D integration categoriesVertical System Integration (3D-SOC): Fraunhofer IZM-M's Through-Si Via (TSV) Technology (ICV-SLID) and SINTEF's Hollow Via & Gold Stud Bump Bonding (HoViGo),Chip Stacking (3D-WLP): IMEC / Fraunhofer IZM's Thin-Chip-Integration Technology (TCI/UTCS) and CEA-LETI's Via Belt Technology, and3D Assembly (3D-SIP): 3D-PLUS' High Performance Package-in-Package (HiPPiP) and Wireless Die-on-Die (WDoD) Technologies, as well as Tyndall's Submicron Wire Anisotropic Conductive Film Technology (SW-ACF).
Four optimized 3D integration technologies were successfully used in the development of three e-CUBES application demonstrators: Thin-Chip-Integration technology (TCI/UTCS) for Philips' Health & Fitness demonstrator, TSV technology ICV-SLID and HoViGo for Infineon's Automotive demonstrator (TPMS) and Package-in-Package technology HiPPiP for Thales' Aeronautic demonstrator.
The 3D integration technologies which form part of the established e-CUBES platform will be presented including key characteristics, critical dimensions, electrical parameters and adaptability to new applications.