bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GAMBLING IN CONTESTS WITH REGRET
Authors: Feng Han , Hobson David 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper discusses the gambling contest introduced in Seel and Strack (2013, Gambling in Contests, Journal of Economic Theory, 148(5), 2033–2048) and considers the impact of adding a penalty associated with failure to follow a winning strategy. The Seel and Strack model consists of n‐agents each of whom privately observes a transient diffusion process and chooses when to stop it. The player with the highest stopped value wins the contest, and each player's objective is to maximize her probability of winning the contest. We give a new derivation of the results of Seel and Strack based on a Lagrangian approach. Moreover, we consider an extension of the problem to a behavioral finance context in the sense of regret theory. In particular, an agent is penalized when her chosen strategy does not win the contest, but there existed an alternative strategy that would have resulted in victory.
Reanalysis suggests that genomic islands of speciation are due to reduced diversity, not reduced gene flow
Authors: Cruickshank Tami E. , Hahn Matthew W. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe metaphor of ‘genomic islands of speciation’ was first used to describe heterogeneous differentiation among loci between the genomes of closely related species. The biological model proposed to explain these differences was that the regions showing high levels of differentiation were resistant to gene flow between species, while the remainder of the genome was being homogenized by gene flow and consequently showed lower levels of differentiation. However, the conditions under which such differentiation can occur at multiple unlinked loci are restrictive; additionally, essentially, all previous analyses have been carried out using relative measures of divergence, which can be misleading when regions with different levels of recombination are compared. Here, we test the model of differential gene flow by asking whether absolute divergence is also higher in the previously identified ‘islands’. Using five species pairs for which full sequence data are available, we find that absolute measures of divergence are not higher in genomic islands. Instead, in all cases examined, we find reduced diversity in these regions, a consequence of which is that relative measures of divergence are abnormally high. These data therefore do not support a model of differential gene flow among loci, although islands of relative divergence may represent loci involved in local adaptation. Simulations using the program IMa2 further suggest that inferences of any gene flow may be incorrect in many comparisons. We instead present an alternative explanation for heterogeneous patterns of differentiation, one in which postspeciation selection generates patterns consistent with multiple aspects of the data.
Molecular data and ecological niche modelling reveal the Pleistocene history of a semi‐aquatic bug (Microvelia douglasi douglasi) in East Asia
Authors: Ye Zhen , Zhu Gengping , Chen Pingping , Zhang Danli , Bu Wenjun 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study investigated the Pleistocene history of a semi‐aquatic bug, Microvelia douglasi douglasi Scott, 1874 (Hemiptera: Veliidae) in East Asia. We used M. douglasi douglasi as a model species to explore the effects of historical climatic fluctuations on montane semi‐aquatic invertebrate species. Two hypotheses were developed using ecological niche models (ENMs). First, we hypothesized that M. douglasi douglasi persisted in suitable habitats in southern Guizhou, southern Yunnan, Hainan, Taiwan and southeast China during the LIG. After that, the populations expanded (Hypothesis 1). As the spatial prediction in the LGM was significantly larger than in the LIG, we then hypothesized that the population expanded during the LIG to LGM transition (Hypothesis 2). We tested these hypotheses using mitochondrial data (COI+COII) and nuclear data (ITS1 + 5.8S+ITS2). Young lineages, relatively deep splits, lineage differentiation among mountain ranges in central, south and southwest China and high genetic diversities were observed in these suitable habitats. Evidence of mismatch distributions and neutrality tests indicate that a population expansion occurred in the late Pleistocene. The Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) revealed an unusual population expansion that likely happened during the cooling transition between LIG and LGM. The results of genetic data were mostly consistent with the spatial predictions from ENM, a finding that can profoundly improve phylogeographic research. The ecological requirements of M. douglasi douglasi, together with the geographical heterogeneity and climatic fluctuations of Pleistocene in East Asia, could have shaped this unusual demographic history. Our study contributes to our knowledge of semi‐aquatic bug/invertebrate responses to Pleistocene climatic fluctuations in East Asia.
The impact on graft survival of interstitial inflammation in borderline change of allograft kidneys
Authors: Yamanaka Kazuaki , Kyo Masahiro , Okumi Masayoshi , Kato Taigo , Kakuta Yoichi , Ichimaru Naotsugu , Takahara Shiro , Nonomura Norio 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimIn kidney transplantation cases, borderline change (BL) can lead to a progressive course. However, factors related to outcome and the progress of BL are not well defined. In this study, we focused specifically on interstitial inflammation as a factor influencing outcome after diagnosis of BL.MethodsWe followed 252 recipients who underwent renal transplantation between 1998 to 2012 at our hospital. Of those, we retrospectively studied 40 diagnosed with BL from allograft biopsy findings, and then classified them as BL1 and BL2 according to the level of interstitial inflammation (i) (BL1: i < 10%, BL2: i ≥ 10%).ResultsThere were 21 BL1 and 19 BL2 cases, of whom 7 developed rejection during the follow‐up period. There were no significant differences for graft survival rate and the rate leading to acute rejection between the 2 groups (P = 0.44, P = 0.69). Univariate analysis showed that the grade of interstitial inflammation was not a significant risk factor for developing acute rejection (P = 0.816).ConclusionOur results show that the level of interstitial inflammation does not have an effect on a progressive BL course.
Early recurrence of active IgA nephropathy after kidney transplantation
Authors: Otsuka Yasuhiro , Takeda Asami , Horike Keiji , Inaguma Daijyo , Goto Norihiko , Watarai Yoshihiko , Morozumi Kunio 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIgA nephropathy (IgAN) is recurrent after transplantation; however, its time of recurrence is unpredictable. To date, factors influencing IgAN recurrence have not been elucidated. We present a case of a 23‐year‐old man with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) who underwent living‐related ABO‐identical pre‐emptive kidney transplantation (PEKT) using his 57‐year‐old mother as a donor. IgAN started when the patient was 19 years old, and renal biopsy revealed the usual pathological findings of IgAN. In spite of steroid therapy including steroid pulse and tonsillectomy, the patient developed nephrotic syndrome and progressed to ESRD in 4 years. Protocol biopsy on day 19 following PEKT revealed active recurrent IgAN. Nephrotic‐range proteinuria and mild deterioration of kidney function developed regardless of strong immunosuppressive therapy such as steroid pulse, double filtration plasmapheresis and rituximab. We report a case of refractory IgAN that recurred 19 days after transplantation. This case is considered of value to elucidate factors leading to active IgAN recurrence.
The value of long‐term protocol biopsies after kidney transplantation
Authors: Tanabe Tatsu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractProtocol biopsies for the detection and treatment of subclinical rejection in the early period after kidney transplantation are useful for preventing allograft dysfunction. However, little has been reported on the relationship between subclinical rejection and long‐term protocol biopsies. In this review, we examine the potential benefits associated with long‐term allograft biopsies focusing on the issue of immunological and non‐immunological factors.Early detection and treatment of subclinical rejection improves outcome. However, the benefit of long‐term allograft biopsies is largely unproved, and the strategy is yet to be widely implemented. The procurement of long‐term protocol biopsies for the sole purpose of detecting subclinical rejection may be unwarranted. On the other hand, the early detection of IgA nephropathy using long‐term protocol biopsy may improve graft survival. In addition, assessment of long‐term protocol biopsies is useful not only for detection of calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity, but also for follow‐up after withdrawal of calcineurin inhibitor regimens. Also, identifying normal histology on a protocol biopsy may inform us about the safety of reducing overall immunosuppression. Thus, the potential benefit of long‐term protocol biopsy may be of clinical significance for the detection of graft dysfunction as a result of non‐immune factors, such as recurrence of glomerulonephritis and calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity, rather than subclinical rejection.
Determinants of the pathways of litter chemical decomposition in a tropical region
Authors: Parsons Scott A. , Congdon Robert A. , Lawler Ivan R. 
Published: May 2014

Summary

Litter decomposition is a key ecosystem process, yet our understanding of the drivers in chemical changes in leaves during decay is limited. Our aim was to determine the comparative differences (chemical divergence or convergence) between sites and the drivers of decay pathways.

We used the litterbag method (‘in situ’ litterfall and standardized ‘control’ leaves) in Australian tropical rainforests and near‐infrared spectrometry to show the chemical pathways during decomposition (c. 360 d; 12 control sites; 17 in situ sites). Chemical convergence/divergence was determined from spectral dissimilarity and quantile regression along a mass loss moving average. The influence of environment (climate and soil) and litter quality on decay pathways was determined between sites using correlation analysis.

Throughout the region, litter composition in both treatments converged chemically during decay. However, divergent chemical pathways were shown for some samples/sites (especially with high initial lignin, phenolics and carbon (C), poor soil phosphorus (P), sodium (Na) and more seasonal moisture), and the diversity of decay residues increased with mass loss despite overall chemical convergence.

Our study suggests that there is general chemical convergence of leaf litter during early decay, but also that divergent chemical pathways occur in locations that experience more intense seasonal drying, and contain species or conditions that promote poor‐quality litter.
Light and circadian regulation of clock components aids flexible responses to environmental signals
Authors: Dixon Laura E. , Hodge Sarah K. , van Ooijen Gerben , Troein Carl , Akman Ozgur E. , Millar Andrew J. 
Published: May 2014

Summary

The circadian clock measures time across a 24 h period, increasing fitness by phasing biological processes to the most appropriate time of day. The interlocking feedback loop mechanism of the clock is conserved across species; however, the number of loops varies. Mathematical and computational analyses have suggested that loop complexity affects the overall flexibility of the oscillator, including its responses to entrainment signals.

We used a discriminating experimental assay, at the transition between different photoperiods, in order to test this proposal in a minimal circadian network (in Ostreococcus tauri) and a more complex network (in Arabidopsis thaliana).

Transcriptional and translational reporters in O. tauri primarily tracked dawn or dusk, whereas in A. thaliana, a wider range of responses were observed, consistent with its more flexible clock. Model analysis supported the requirement for this diversity of responses among the components of the more complex network. However, these and earlier data showed that the O. tauri network retains surprising flexibility, despite its simple circuit.

We found that models constructed from experimental data can show flexibility either from multiple loops and/or from multiple light inputs. Our results suggest that O. tauri has adopted the latter strategy, possibly as a consequence of genomic reduction.
Translation and psychometric testing of the Icelandic version of the MISSCARE Survey
Authors: Bragadóttir Helga , Kalisch Beatrice J. , Smáradóttir Sigríður Bríet , Jónsdóttir Heiður Hrund 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundMissed nursing care, required standard care that is not provided, is a relatively new concept in nursing, and prior to this study, it had not been discussed in Iceland.AimTo successfully translate the MISSCARE Survey from US English to Icelandic.MethodThe translation and psychometric testing of the MISSCARE Survey‐Icelandic was completed in six steps: (1) forward translation, (2) revision of the translation, (3) back‐translation, (4) revision of the back‐translation, (5) pilot‐testing, (6) data collection and psychometric testing. Back‐translation included work of linguists, clinicians and scholars in the original and target country. Psychometric testing was completed on data from a pilot‐test and a national study. The target population was nursing staff providing patient care in medical, surgical and intensive care units in hospitals in Iceland. Pilot study data were collected in November–December 2011, and data for the national study were collected in March–April 2012. The MISSCARE Survey asks about missed nursing care activities (part A), and reasons for missed nursing care (part B), besides demographic and background questions.ResultsResponse rate for the pilot study was 57% (67/118), and for the national study, it was 69% (599/864) with good acceptability. Overall test–retest Pearson's correlation coefficient for part A was 0.782 (p < 0.001) and 0.530 (p < 0.05) for part B. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for the overall part B and subscales ranged from 0.795–0.894. Confirmatory factor analysis for part B indicated a good model fit to the three factors: Communication, Material resources and Labour resources.ConclusionThe MISSCARE Survey was successfully translated from US English to Icelandic, using a stringent back‐translation method. The Icelandic version tested reliable and valid. This study supports global use of the MISSCARE Survey.
The flaws of laser Doppler in negative‐pressure wound therapy research
Authors: Kairinos Nicolas , McKune Andrew , Solomons Michael , Hudson Donald A. , Kahn Delawir 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRecent studies, using modalities other than laser Doppler, have indicated that perfusion during negative‐pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is reduced, contrary to world literature. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the measuring technique of the laser Doppler could be influenced by the compressive nature of NPWT dressings and whether this could explain the conflicting findings. A hypothesis that it may be possible for laser Doppler to record similar readings to those obtained during NPWT by merely compressing tissues manually was tested on 12 NPWT dressings, with each undergoing an alternating series of manual compressive forces and NPWT (−125 mmHg). During the periods of NPWT (n = 12), the mean perfusion recording increased in five experiments, reduced in six, and remained unchanged in one. During the period when manual pressure was applied (n = 12), there was a mean increase in perfusion in six experiments and a reduction in six. The type of change in perfusion (increase or decrease) was the same for both NPWT and manual pressure in 10 of the 12 experiments. In conclusion, laser Doppler can incorrectly record increased perfusion when tissues are compressed, implying that it is flawed in the field of NPWT research as tissues are always compressed to some degree by the NPWT dressing.
Role of adipose‐derived stem cells in wound healing
Authors: Hassan Waqar Ul , Greiser Udo , Wang Wenxin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractImpaired wound healing remains a challenge to date and causes debilitating effects with tremendous suffering. Recent advances in tissue engineering approaches in the area of cell therapy have provided promising treatment options to meet the challenges of impaired skin wound healing such as diabetic foot ulcers. Over the last few years, stem cell therapy has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach for various diseases including wound repair and tissue regeneration. Several different types of stem cells have been studied in both preclinical and clinical settings such as bone marrow‐derived stem cells, adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs), circulating angiogenic cells (e.g., endothelial progenitor cells), human dermal fibroblasts, and keratinocytes for wound healing. Adipose tissue is an abundant source of mesenchymal stem cells, which have shown an improved outcome in wound healing studies. ASCs are pluripotent stem cells with the ability to differentiate into different lineages and to secrete paracrine factors initiating tissue regeneration process. The abundant supply of fat tissue, ease of isolation, extensive proliferative capacities ex vivo, and their ability to secrete pro‐angiogenic growth factors make them an ideal cell type to use in therapies for the treatment of nonhealing wounds. In this review, we look at the pathogenesis of chronic wounds, role of stem cells in wound healing, and more specifically look at the role of ASCs, their mechanism of action and their safety profile in wound repair and tissue regeneration.
Clinical impact of negative‐pressure wound therapy: A 1,126‐patient observational prospective study
Authors: Téot Luc , Guillot‐Masanovic Margot , Miquel Pierre , Truchetet François , Meaume Sylvie , Dompmartin Anne , Charles Kerihuel Jean , Trial Chloé , Faure Christine 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNegative‐pressure wound therapy (NPWT) was developed in the early 1990s and reported in 1997 by Argenta and Morykwas. Ignored at first, this technique progressively came to be considered as an outstanding advancement in reconstructive surgery. Several randomized controlled studies produced evidence for the effect of NPWT on promotion of granulation tissue formation and prevention of tissue damage and amputation. However, no important longitudinal study has yet produced clinical and economic data on the consequences of integrating NPWT into practice in multiple institutions.This prospective, comparative longitudinal study of NPWT as a clinical‐practice innovation was conducted in 1,126 patients between March 2006 and June 2009 in 30 university and nonuniversity public and private hospitals in France. NPWT was proposed in a nonrandomized fashion for various clinical indications, and the patients were divided into two groups, one using NPWT, the second using standard care. Efficacy criteria were spontaneous closure, closure after surgical coverage using skin grafts or flaps, or achievement of 40% wound area regression. The results, observed in a pragmatic but not randomized study, are suggestive of a favorable impact of NPWT in multiple clinical situations. The significance of differences between surgical patients who underwent NPWT and those who did not was unclear, as NPWT had already been adopted by most of the surgical wards.
Results from Mexico’s 2014 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Authors: Martinez María del Pilar Rodriguez , Galaviz Karla I. , Ulloa Edtna Jauregui , Gonzalez-Casanova Ines , Taylor Juan Ricardo Lopez y 
Published: May 2014

Background:The Mexican Report Card on Physical Activity in children and youth was first developed in 2012 as a tool aimed at informing policy and practice. The objective of this paper is to update the Report Card to reflect the current situation in Mexico.Methods:A literature search was conducted in Spanish and English using major databases, and complemented with government documents and national health surveys. Information on the 9 indicators outlined in the Global Matrix of Report Card Grades was extracted. Experts from Mexico and Canada met to discuss and assign a grade on each indicator.Results:The physical activity indicator was assigned a C+, which was higher than in the previous report card. Sedentary behavior was assigned a D, which was lower than the previous report card. Organized Sports and Active Transportation, which were not graded in the previous report card, were assigned grades of D and B-, respectively. Government and Built Environment were assigned grades of C and F, respectively. Family and Peers and Active Play were not graded (INC).Conclusions:Levels of PA and sedentary behaviors among Mexican children and youth were below the respective recommended references. The implementation and effectiveness of current government strategies need to be determined. The Mexican Report Card is a promising knowledge translation tool that can serve to inform policies and programs related to physical activity.
Results from New Zealand’s 2014 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Authors: Maddison Ralph , Dale Leila Pfaeffli , Marsh Samantha , LeBlanc Allana G. , Oliver Melody 
Published: May 2014

Background:This brief report provides grades for the 2014 New Zealand Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. The Report Card presents a review of current evidence across 9 key indicators, including physical activity (PA), organized sport and free play, sedentary behavior, and community and government initiatives across New Zealand.Methods:Nationally representative survey data were collated by researchers at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, between June and December 2013. The grade for each indicator is based on the percentage of children and youth meeting a defined benchmark: A is 81%−100%; B is 61%−80%; C is 41%−60%, D is 21%−40%; F is 0%−20%; INC is incomplete data.Results:Overall PA received a score of B, as did Organized Sport Participation and Active Play. PA participation in School Environment scored slightly less with a score of B-. Sedentary Behaviors, Family and Peers, and Community and Built Environment scored a grade of C. Active transportation received a score of C-. An inconclusive grade was given for the Government indicator due to a lack of established international criteria for assessment.Conclusions:PA participation in New Zealand is satisfactory, but could improve. However, sedentary behavior is high. Of particular concern is the age-related decline in PA participation, particularly among adolescent females, and the increase in sedentary behavior.