bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interlaboratory Comparison of Two AOAC Liquid Chromatographic Fluorescence Detection Methods for Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Analysis through Characterization of an Oyster Reference Material
Authors: Turner Andrew D , Lewis Adam M , Rourke Wade A , Higman Wendy A ,   Collaborators:, Amzil Z , Andjelkovic M , Miranda M B , Barbi L , Barreras A , Ben-Gigirey B , Berrigan N , Burrell S , Botelho J , Boundy M , Buck C , Ceredi A , Costa P , Dawe M , Gago-Martínez A , Gerssen A , Hatfield R , Higgins C , Hignutt E , Kapp K , J P Lacaze , Leao J , Marcos V E , McEneny H , Milandri A , Moisan C , Niedzwiadek B , Quilliam M , Reeves K , Riccardi E , Rodrigues S , Savar V , Thielert G , Thomas K 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
An interlaboratory ring trial was designed and conducted by the Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science to investigate a range of issues affecting the analysis of a candidate Pacific oyster paralytic shellfish toxin reference material. A total of 21 laboratories participated in the study and supplied results using one or more of three instrumental methods, specifically precolumn oxidation (Pre-COX) LC with fluorescence detection (FLD; AOAC Official Method 2005.06), postcolumn oxidation (PCOX) LC-FLD (AOAC Official Method 2011.02), and hydrophilic interaction LC/MS/MS. Each participant analyzed nine replicate samples of the oyster tissue in three separate batches of three samples over a period of time longer than 1 week. Results were reported in a standardized format, reporting both individual toxin concentrations andtotal sample toxicity. Data were assessed to determine the equivalency of the two AOAC LC methods and the LC/MS/MS method as well as an assessment of intrabatch and interbatch repeatability and interlaboratory reproducibility of each method. Differences among the results reported using the three methods were shown to be statistically significant, although visualcomparisons showed an overlap between results generated by the majority of tests, the exception being the Pre-COX quantitation of N-hydroxylated toxins in post ion-exchange fractions. Intralaboratory repeatability and interlaboratory reproducibility were acceptable for most of the results, withthe exception of results generated from fractions. The results provided good evidence for the acceptableperformance of the PCOX method for the quantitation of C toxins. Overall the study showed the usefulnessof interlaboratory analysis for the characterizationof paralytic shellfish poisoning matrix reference materials, highlighting some issues that may need to be addressed with further method assessment at individual participant laboratories.
Determination of Toxins Involved in Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in the Pacific by LC/MS
Authors: Yogi Kentaro , Sakugawa Satsuki , Oshiro Naomasa , Ikehara Tsuyoshi , Sugiyama Kiminori , Yasumoto Takeshi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Ciguatera fish poisoning is the most extensive and difficult to control of the seafood poisonings. Tofacilitate monitoring of fish toxicity, toxin profiles were investigated by an LC/MS/MS method using 14reference toxins on eight representative species of fish collected in four different areas of the Pacific. Snappers and groupers from Okinawa contained ciguatoxin-1B (CTX1B) and two deoxy congeners at variablebut species-specific ratios, while red snapper, Lutjanus bohar, from Minamitorishima, and amberjack, Seriola dumerili, from Hawaii, contained both CTX1B-type and CTX3C-type toxins. Spotted knifejaw, Oplegnathus punctatus, from Okinawan waters, contained mainly CTX4A and CTX4B, but the same species caught at Miyazaki was contaminated primarily with the CTX3C-type toxins. Otherwise, the toxin profiles were consistently species-specific in fish collected from various locations around Okinawa over 20 years. The LC/MS/MSand mouse bioassay results agreed well, indicating the LC/MS/MS method is a promising alternative to themouse bioassay. Pure CTX1B and CTX3C were prepared for use in future LC/MS/MS analysis.
Daptomycin for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Diabetic Foot Infections
Authors: Joseph Warren S. , Quast Thomas , Cogo Alberto , Crompton Monica G. , Yoon Min Jung , Lamp Kenneth C. , Culshaw Darren , Chaves Ricardo L. 
Published: April 2014

Background
Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is a serious, difficult-to-treat infection, especially when caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Vancomycin has been the standard treatment for MRSA infection, but lower response rates in MRSA skin infections have been reported. This analysis assessed the outcome and safety of daptomycin therapy in patients with a DFI caused by MRSA.

Methods
Using the Cubicin Outcomes Registry and Experience and the European Cubicin Outcomes Registry and Experience (2006–2009), 79 patients with MRSA DFI were identified and included in this analysis.

Results
In the 74 evaluable patients, daptomycin was administered at a median dose of 4.8 mg/kg primarily every 24 hours (85.1%) and for a median of 15.0 days. Overall, 77.0% of the patients (57 of 74) received initial therapy with activity against MRSA; however, of patients receiving daptomycin as second-line therapy (n = 31), only 45.2% were treated with an antibiotic agent active against MRSA. The overall clinical success and treatment failure rates were 89.2% and 10.8%, respectively. Success with daptomycin therapy was higher in patients who had surgery and in those whose initial therapy was daptomycin. Eleven patients had 14 adverse events, two of which were possibly related to daptomycin use and led to discontinuation.

Conclusions
In a large real-world cohort of patients with MRSA DFI, daptomycin therapy was shown to be generally well tolerated and effective. The use of an anti-MRSA antibiotic agent should be considered when implementing first-line antibiotic drug therapy for DFI in countries where MRSA is common to avoid inappropriate empirical treatment and potential negative effects on outcomes.
Anomalous expansion of coronal mass ejections during solar cycle 24 and its space weather implications
Authors: Gopalswamy Nat , Akiyama Sachiko , Yashiro Seiji , Xie Hong , Mäkelä Pertti , Michalek Grzegorz 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe familiar correlation between the speed and angular width of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is also found in solar cycle 24, but the regression line has a larger slope: for a given CME speed, cycle 24 CMEs are significantly wider than those in cycle 23. The slope change indicates a significant change in the physical state of the heliosphere, due to the weak solar activity. The total pressure in the heliosphere (magnetic + plasma) is reduced by ~40%, which leads to the anomalous expansion of CMEs explaining the increased slope. The excess CME expansion contributes to the diminished effectiveness of CMEs in producing magnetic storms during cycle 24, both because the magnetic content of the CMEs is diluted and also because of the weaker ambient fields. The reduced magnetic field in the heliosphere may contribute to the lack of solar energetic particles accelerated to very high energies during this cycle.
Asymmetric Michael Addition of β‐Ketoesters to Enones Catalyzed by the Lithium Salt of a Primary β‐Amino Acid
Authors: Yoshida Masanori , Kubara Ami , Nagasawa Yuki , Hara Shoji , Yamanaka Masahiro 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA highly enantioselective Michael addition of β‐ketoesters to enones was achieved by using the salt of a readily available primary β‐amino acid as the catalyst. The obtained Michael adducts were converted into enantioenriched 1,5‐diketones in high yields through a common decarboxylation reaction under acidic conditions. A plausible reaction mechanism for the Michael addition reaction, which is supported by results of mechanistic studies that include DFT calculations, is also described.
The Effect of Cyano Substitution on the Fluorescence Behavior of 1,2‐Bis(pyridylphenyl)ethene
Authors: Nishio Suguru , Higashiguchi Kenji , Matsuda Kenji 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe effect of cyano substitution on the fluorescence behavior of 1,2‐bis(pyridylphenyl)ethene was investigated. While nonsubstituted 1,2‐bis(pyridylphenyl)ethene has fluorescence quantum yield of 97 % in CH2Cl2 solution, cyano‐substituted ones fluoresces very little. In contrast, both the no‐substituted and the cyano‐substituted ones fluoresce moderately in the solid state. The aggregate‐induced enhanced emission (AIEE) behavior for the cyano‐substituted 1,2‐bis(pyridylphenyl)ethene was understood as that the severe quenching of the fluorescence in solution was not operating in the solid state. The fluorescent behaviors in solution and in the solid state are discussed in terms of the emission and the nonradiative decay rate constants.
Conformation and Topology of Diacylglycerol Kinase in E.coli Membranes Revealed by Solid‐state NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Yanke , Zhang Zhengfeng , Tang Xinqi , Li Jianping , Glaubitz Clemens , Yang Jun 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSolid‐state NMR is a powerful tool for studying membrane proteins in a native‐like lipid environment. 3D magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR was employed to characterize the structure of E.coli diacylglycerol kinase (DAGK) reconstituted into its native E.coli lipid membranes. The secondary structure and topology of DAGK revealed by solid‐state NMR are different from those determined by solution‐state NMR and X‐ray crystallography. This study provides a good example for demonstrating the influence of membrane environments on the structure of membrane proteins.
Polyethylene Glycol Backfilling Mitigates the Negative Impact of the Protein Corona on Nanoparticle Cell Targeting
Authors: Dai Qin , Walkey Carl , Chan Warren C. W. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn protein‐rich environments such as the blood, the formation of a protein corona on receptor‐targeting nanoparticles prevents target recognition. As a result, the ability of targeted nanoparticles to selectively bind to diseased cells is drastically inhibited. Backfilling the surface of a targeted nanoparticle with polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules is demonstrated to reduce the formation of the protein corona and re‐establishes specific binding. The length of the backfilled PEG molecules must be less than the length of the ligand linker; otherwise, PEG interferes with the binding of the targeting ligand to its corresponding cellular receptor.
Structural Mapping of a Chaperone–Substrate Interaction Surface
Authors: Callon Morgane , Burmann Björn M. , Hiller Sebastian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractNMR spectroscopy is used to detect site‐specific intermolecular short‐range contacts in a membrane–protein–chaperone complex. This is achieved by an “orthogonal” isotope‐labeling scheme that permits the unambiguous detection of intermolecular NOEs between the well‐folded chaperone and the unfolded substrate ensemble. The residues involved in these contacts are part of the chaperone–substrate contact interface. The approach is demonstrated for the 70 kDa bacterial Skp‐tOmpA complex.
Engineering Non‐sintered, Metal‐Terminated Tungsten Carbide Nanoparticles for Catalysis
Authors: Hunt Sean T. , Nimmanwudipong Tarit , Román‐Leshkov Yuriy 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTransition‐metal carbides (TMCs) exhibit catalytic activities similar to platinum group metals (PGMs), yet TMCs are orders of magnitude more abundant and less expensive. However, current TMC synthesis methods lead to sintering, support degradation, and surface impurity deposition, ultimately precluding their wide‐scale use as catalysts. A method is presented for the production of metal‐terminated TMC nanoparticles in the 1–4 nm range with tunable size, composition, and crystal phase. Carbon‐supported tungsten carbide (WC) and molybdenum tungsten carbide (MoxW1−xC) nanoparticles are highly active and stable electrocatalysts. Specifically, activities and capacitances about 100‐fold higher than commercial WC and within an order of magnitude of platinum‐based catalysts are achieved for the hydrogen evolution and methanol electrooxidation reactions. This method opens an attractive avenue to replace PGMs in high energy density applications such as fuel cells and electrolyzers.
Observation of a CuII2(μ‐1,2‐peroxo)/CuIII2(μ‐oxo)2 Equilibrium and its Implications for Copper–Dioxygen Reactivity
Authors: Kieber‐Emmons Matthew T. , Ginsbach Jake W. , Wick Patrick K. , Lucas Heather R. , Helton Matthew E. , Lucchese Baldo , Suzuki Masatatsu , Zuberbühler Andreas D. , Karlin Kenneth D. , Solomon Edward I. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSynthesis of small‐molecule Cu2O2 adducts has provided insight into the related biological systems and their reactivity patterns including the interconversion of the CuII2(μ‐η2:η2‐peroxo) and CuIII2(μ‐oxo)2 isomers. In this study, absorption spectroscopy, kinetics, and resonance Raman data show that the oxygenated product of [(BQPA)CuI]+ initially yields an “end‐on peroxo” species, that subsequently converts to the thermodynamically more stable “bis‐μ‐oxo” isomer (Keq=3.2 at −90 °C). Calibration of density functional theory calculations to these experimental data suggest that the electrophilic reactivity previously ascribed to end‐on peroxo species is in fact a result of an accessible bis‐μ‐oxo isomer, an electrophilic Cu2O2 isomer in contrast to the nucleophilic reactivity of binuclear CuII end‐on peroxo species. This study is the first report of the interconversion of an end‐on peroxo to bis‐μ‐oxo species in transition metal‐dioxygen chemistry.
Creep and recovery behavior of kenaf/polypropylene nonwoven composites
Authors: Hao Ayou , Chen Yizhuo , Chen Jonathan Y. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThis article reports an exploratory study on the creep and recovery behavior of kenaf/polypropylene nonwoven composites (KPNCs), serving as a bio‐based substitution for polypropylene (PP) plastics in the automotive industry due to the environmental concern. The creep and recovery behavior of KPNC and solid virgin PP were performed by dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) which allowed it to be studied extensively. The linear viscoelastic limit (LVL) was found at 1 MPa. Two popular creep models, the four‐element Burgers (FEB) model and the Findley power law (FPL) model, were used to model the creep behavior in this study. The FEB model was found only appropriate for characterizing short‐term creep behavior. In contrast, the FPL model was satisfactory for predicting the long‐term creep performance. The long‐term creep behavior of KPNC in comparison to virgin PP plastic was predicted using the time‐temperature superposition (TTS) principle. The 1‐year creep strains were estimated to be 0.32% for KPNC and 1.00% for virgin PP at 40°C. A three‐day creep test was conducted to validate the effectiveness of the TTS prediction. KPNC showed a better creep resistance and higher recoverability than the virgin PP, especially in a high‐temperature environment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40726.
Assessment of genetic structure, habitat suitability and effectiveness of reserves for future conservation planning of the Euphrates soft‐shelled turtle Rafetus euphraticus (Daudin, 1802)
Authors: Ihlow Flora , Ahmadzadeh Faraham , Ghaffari Hanyeh , Taşkavak Ertan , Hartmann Timo , Etzbauer Claudia , Rödder Dennis 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe endangered Euphrates soft‐shelled turtle, Rafetus euphraticus, is endemic to the Mesopotamian River Basin in the Middle East. Within recent decades, populations of this aquatic species have been heavily depleted and severely fragmented owing to habitat alteration and destruction by drainage and hydroelectricity dam constructions. Continuing habitat loss and fragmentation are considered the main drivers for the population decline of R. euphraticus.Intraspecific genetic variability was investigated using two mitochondrial gene fragments for 31 specimens covering most of the distributional range of the species. Habitat suitability models were computed using a combination of bioclimatic and remote sensing variables as environmental predictors to assess habitat suitability, habitat fragmentation and coverage by designated protected areas across the range of R. euphraticus.Beyond single substitutions in two sequences, no significant genetic variation could be detected in R. euphraticus. Models show habitat suitability to be high throughout the range of the species, although only a fraction is currently covered by reserves. Habitat suitability and coverage of reserves is highly variable among countries. South‐western Iran appears to be of major importance for future conservation strategies. Suitability models are in concordance with the habitat selection patterns of R. euphraticus.The existing reserve system is considered insufficient and has to be significantly improved in order to sustain viable populations of R. euphraticus. To counter continuing fragmentation and alteration by dam construction, future conservation measures should focus on highlighted priority areas. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reducing the impact of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) dredging on the ecosystem in shallow water soft bottom areas
Authors: Frandsen Rikke Petri , Eigaard Ole Ritzau , Poulsen Louise Kjeldgaard , Tørring Ditte , Stage Bjarne , Lisbjerg Dennis , Dolmer Per 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Dredging blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and thus removing structural elements, inducing resuspension of sediment as well as reducing filtration capacity, will inevitably affect the ecosystem. The study demonstrates that the impacts of fishing can be reduced through gear developments.
A new light dredge was tested on commercial vessels using two different experimental setups. First, a twin haul experiment tested the standard gear (i.e., a Dutch dredge) against the light dredge by fishing the two gears side by side onboard the same vessel. Second, a single dredge experiment tested the absolute performance of the two gears by fishing in areas with a known blue mussel density.
Results from the twin haul experiment demonstrate that the weight of sediment retained in the gear per square metre fished is 49% less in the light dredge compared with the Dutch dredge which will reduce resuspension of sediment at the surface. Also, the drag resistance of the light dredge was significantly less (177.1 vs. 202.7 kg m‐1). In the twin haul experiment no significant difference was found in the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of the two gears. The single dredge experiment, on the other hand, demonstrated a significant increase in CPUE exceeding 200% when using the light dredge.
Seafloor tracks made by the two dredges could not be distinguished by use of side‐scan sonar and the tracks were still detectable 2 months after fishing.
It was concluded that replacement of the Dutch dredge with the light dredge would reduce the impact of the fishery on the ecosystem by (i) reducing resuspension of sediment, (ii) reducing fuel consumption, and (iii) potentially reducing energy transfer to the sediment through a reduced gear drag resistance. A potential increase in catch efficiency may reduce the area affected.
Fishing with the light dredge is discussed in relation to management of Natura 2000 sites. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooperative Dehydrogenation Coupling of Isopropanol and Hydrogenation Coupling of Acetone Over a Sodium Tantalate Photocatalyst
Authors: Cao Baoyue , Zhang Jian , Zhao Jianghong , Wang Zhijian , Yang Pengju , Zhang Hongxia , Li Li , Zhu Zhenping 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPhotocatalytic organic syntheses are often limited by their low system efficiency and product selectivity. We demonstrate herein that intermolecular hydrogen transfer from isopropanol to acetone can be achieved efficiently on the surfaces of NaTaO3 photocatalysts, on which 2‐hydroxyisopropyl radicals are produced selectively from both oxidation and reduction half‐reactions and then coupled to form 2,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐butanediol. Such a process effectively increases the total reaction efficiency. We also found that the two half‐reactions occur at different crystal facets and display a remarkably promotive interaction, which dramatically speeds up the reactions by one order of magnitude and significantly restrains side reactions. The sodium ions on the NaTaO3 surfaces play an important role in the promotive effect, likely facilitating the proton transfer between the oxidation and reduction sites. These factors make the production rate of 2,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐butanediol reach a very high level (10.87 mmol g−1 h−1), emphasizing the potential of photocatalytic hydrogenation and dehydrogenation in improving system efficiency of photocatalytic organic syntheses.
Inhibition of Cu Underpotential Deposition on Au Nanoparticles: The Role of the Citrate Capping Agent and Nanoparticle Size
Authors: Plowman Blake J. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCu underpotential deposition (UPD) is compared between a Au macroelectrode and Au nanoparticles ranging between 1.8 nm and 123 nm in size in order to identify whether the capping agent or nanoparticle size affects this reaction. It was found that the surface coverage of Cu was markedly decreased in the presence of the citrate capping agent, while a strong size dependence was also observed, with nanoparticles smaller than 60 nm displaying significantly less defined Cu UPD responses. These results highlight the influence of both the capping agent and nanoparticle size for UPD applications, such as the electrochemical determination of surface areas and the formation of bimetallic surfaces.
Cobalt Phthalocyanine Immobilized on Graphene Oxide: An Efficient Visible‐Active Catalyst for the Photoreduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Kumar Arvind , Sreedhar Bojja , Sain Bir , Ray Siddharth S. , Jain Suman L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractNew graphene oxide (GO)‐tethered–CoII phthalocyanine complex [CoPc–GO] was synthesized by a stepwise procedure and demonstrated to be an efficient, cost‐effective and recyclable photocatalyst for the reduction of carbon dioxide to produce methanol as the main product. The developed GO‐immobilized CoPc was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, XPS, Raman, diffusion reflection UV/Vis spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FTIR, XPS, Raman, UV/Vis and ICP‐AES along with elemental analysis data showed that CoII–Pc complex was successfully grafted on GO. The prepared catalyst was used for the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide by using water as a solvent and triethylamine as the sacrificial donor. Methanol was obtained as the major reaction product along with the formation of minor amount of CO (0.82 %). It was found that GO‐grafted CoPc exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than homogeneous CoPc, as well as GO, and showed good recoverability without significant leaching during the reaction. Quantitative determination of methanol was done by GC flame‐ionization detector (FID), and verification of product was done by NMR spectroscopy. The yield of methanol after 48 h of reaction by using GO–CoPc catalyst in the presence of sacrificial donor triethylamine was found to be 3781.8881 μmol g−1 cat., and the conversion rate was found to be 78.7893 μmol g−1cat. h−1. After the photoreduction experiment, the catalyst was easily recovered by filtration and reused for the subsequent recycling experiment without significant change in the catalytic efficiency.