bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraspecific Thievery in the Ant Ectatomma ruidum is Mediated by Food Availability
Authors: Guénard Benoit , McGlynn Terrence P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAnimals modify their foraging strategies in response to environmental changes that affect foraging performance. In some species, cleptobiosis represents an alternative strategy for resource access. The environmental factors that favor the incidence or prevalence of cleptobiosis, however, are poorly described. The cleptobiotic Neotropical ant Ectatomma ruidum is characterized by a high frequency of thievery behavior, a specific type of intraspecific cleptobiosis, in which specialized thief workers insinuate themselves into nests of neighboring colonies and intercept food items brought into these nests. Here, we evaluate how colonies adjust thievery behavior in response to food availability. We supplemented food availability and measured how the incidence and intensity of thievery responded to resource availability. We found that the incidence and intensity of thievery decline in response to supplemental food, suggesting that thievery behavior is a response to resource limitation at the population scale. This finding indicates that the phenomenon of intraspecific thievery, although a rare strategy in among colonies of social animals, is a viable alternative foraging tactic in the context of competition and food limitation.
Rigidity in Gender‐Typed Behaviors in Early Childhood: A Longitudinal Study of Ethnic Minority Children
Authors: Halim May Ling , Ruble Diane , Tamis‐LeMonda Catherine , Shrout Patrick E. 
Published: February 2013

A key prediction of cognitive theories of gender development concerns developmental trajectories in the relative strength or rigidity of gender typing. To examine these trajectories in early childhood, 229 children (African American, Mexican American, and Dominican American) were followed annually from age 3 to 5 years, and gender‐stereotypical appearance, dress‐up play, toy play, and sex segregation were examined. High gender‐typing was found across ethnic groups, and most behaviors increased in rigidity, especially from age 3 to 4 years. In addressing controversy surrounding the stability and structure of gender‐typing it was found that from year to year, most behaviors showed moderately stable individual differences. Behaviors were uncorrelated within age but showed more concordance in change across time, suggesting that aspects of gender‐typing are multidimensional, but still show coherence.
“Two for Flinching”: Children's and Adolescents' Narrative Accounts of Harming Their Friends and Siblings
Authors: Recchia Holly , Wainryb Cecilia , Pasupathi Monisha 
Published: February 2013

This study investigated differences in children's and adolescents' experiences of harming their siblings and friends. Participants (N = 101; 7‐, 11‐, and 16‐year‐olds) provided accounts of events when they hurt a younger sibling and a friend. Harm against friends was described as unusual, unforeseeable, and circumstantial. By contrast, harm against siblings was described as typical, ruthless, angry, and provoked, but also elicited more negative moral judgments and more feelings of remorse and regret. Whereas younger children were more self‐oriented with siblings and other‐oriented with friends, accounts of harm across relationships became somewhat more similar with age. Results provide insight into how these two relationships serve as distinct contexts for sociomoral development.
Ocular penetration of topical antibiotics: study on the penetration of chloramphenicol, tobramycin and netilmicin into the anterior chamber after topical administration
Authors: Cagini Carlo , Piccinelli Francesco , Lupidi Marco , Messina Marco , Cerqualglia Alessio , Manes Silvia , Fiore Tito , Pellegrino Roberto M 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo compare penetration in the aqueous humour of topically applied antibiotics.DesignRandomized prospective study, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Perugia, ItalyParticipantsPatients undergoing cataract surgery.MethodsOne hundred twenty‐two patients were included: 14 received one drop of chloramphenicol suspension; 12 one application of chloramphenicol gel; 11 one drop of netilmicin suspension; 13 one drop of tobramycin suspension; 37 repeated instillations of chloramphenicol suspension every 10 min for a total of four drops; and 35 repeated instillations of chloramphenicol gel every 10 min for a total of four drops. Samples were taken immediately before surgery from the anterior chamber in order to determine the antibiotic by means of high‐performance liquid chromatography. Samples were taken 45–190 min after the eye drops were instilled.Main Outcome MeasuresIntraocular penetration of chloramphenicol, netilmicin and tobramicyn.ResultsAfter a single administration, netilmicin and tobramycin were undetectable, whereas the chloramphenicol suspension reached a mean concentration of 0.23 ± 0.21 μg/mL, and the chloramphenicol gel a mean concentration of 0.13 ± 0.14 μg/mL. After repeated administrations, the mean concentrations of the chloramphenicol suspension and gel were 0.60 ± 0.26 μg/mL and 0.58 ± 0.18 μg/mL, respectively.ConclusionsTobramycin and netilmicin do not reach detectable concentrations, whereas chloramphenicol, after multiple administrations, reaches concentrations that are effective against Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria meningitidis, Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus pneumoniae. This means that chloramphenicol can be rationally used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections supported by sensitive germs.
The osseointegration behavior of titanium–zirconium implants in ovariectomized rabbits
Authors: Wen Bo , Zhu Feng , Li Zhen , Zhang Peng , Lin Xingnan , Dard Michel 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to compare the osseointegration behavior of titanium (Ti) and titanium–zirconium (TiZr) implants in ovariectomized (OVX) rabbits.Materials and methodsTwelve ovariectomized New Zealand rabbits submitted to a hypocalcic diet and 12 sham‐aged rabbits were used. After the bone mass loss induction period, TiZr or Ti implants both benefiting from a SLActive surface treatment were randomly inserted in the tibia and femur of each animal. The total of 24 rabbits were divided in four groups (n = 6): SHAM + Ti, OVX + Ti, SHAM + TiZr,OVX + TiZr. The animals were respectively sacrificed 3 and 6 weeks after dental implant placement. Six implants in each group at each time point were subjected to removal torque testing, and the remaining implants were prepared for histomorphometric analysis.ResultsAt the end of the healing period, all implants were osseointegrated. The removal torque value of the SHAM‐TiZr group was significantly higher than those of the SHAM‐Ti group (P < 0.001). The removal torque of the OVX‐Ti group was significantly lower than those of the OVX‐TiZr group. All groups demonstrated an increase in the peak torque value after 6 weeks: 46.0 and 50.8 Ncm for the OVX and the SHAM animals, respectively, in the case where Ti implants were used. When TiZr implants were inserted, the values reached 60.7 and 76.2 Ncm with a similar group configuration. The BIC and the BA/TA analysis showed an increase between week 3 and 6 in the case of nonovariectomized animals. From week 3 to 6, the BIC went from 37.1 ± 14.3 to 47.7 ± 8.7 for the SHAM + Ti group and from 37.6 ± 10.9 to 50.4 ± 11 for the SHAM + TiZr group. The BIC values were not significantly different between groups.ConclusionThe parameters intended to be representative of the bone morphology (BIC & BATA) did not help to discriminate between Ti and TiZr which appeared to behave similarly in this experimental model. However, the removal torque values for the TiZr group were statistically higher than those of the Ti group in both the SHAM and the ovariectomized animals. That likely reflected an increased quality of bone around the TiZr implants.
Upregulation of the neuronal Per‐Arnt‐Sim domain protein 4 (Npas4) in the rat corticolimbic system following focal cerebral ischemia
Authors: Leong Wai Khay , Klaric Thomas S. , Lin Yingxi , Lewis Martin D. , Koblar Simon A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe neuronal Per‐Arnt‐Sim domain protein 4 (Npas4) is an important transcriptional regulator of synaptic plasticity and cognition. The present study characterises the in vivo neuroanatomical expression pattern of the Npas4 protein in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Animals were subjected to unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 h, after which the spatiotemporal and neuronal profiles of Npas4 protein expression were analysed by immunohistochemistry at different time points post‐reperfusion. Focal cerebral ischemia induced an early, transient and robust upregulation of Npas4 in a brain region‐dependent manner involving predominantly principal neurons. Interestingly, we observed a unique differential induction of Npas4 protein expression in corticolimbic regions of the rat brain that are critically linked to cognition and emotion. These findings suggest that stroke‐induced Npas4 upregulation may be involved in a transcriptional regulatory program within the corticolimbic circuitry following an ischemic insult.
Nucleation Kinetics of Lithium Metasilicate in ZrO2‐Bearing Lithium Disilicate Glasses for Dental Application
Authors: Krüger Susanne , Deubener Joachim , Ritzberger Christian , Höland Wolfram 
Published: February 2013

The effect of ZrO2 on the nucleation of lithium metasilicate crystals in lithium disilicate‐based multicomponent glasses of composition in wt% x ZrO2 + (1 − (x/100)) (73.82 SiO2 + 3.99 K2O + 15.33 Li2O + 3.51 Al2O3 + 3.35 P2O5) with x = 0, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 was studied by combining the results from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), micropenetration viscometry (MPV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Peak shift of the first exotherm of DSC upscans indicated an increase in the temperature of maximum nucleation from 793 K (x = 0) to 873 K (x = 12), while number densities of relict structures of SEM images after nucleation at these temperatures and etching with HF led to an increase in the maximum nucleation rate from 2 × 1017/m3s (x = 0) to 6 × 1018/m3s (x = 12). MPV showed that viscosity increased with the ZrO2 content but nucleation was fastest close to 109.7 Pa s for all glasses studied. XRD revealed lithium metasilicate crystals within the etched volumes of approximately one order of magnitude smaller sizes compared to SEM relict structures, which were assumed to result from early‐stage phase separation and heterogeneous nucleation processes.
Association between cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 gene polymorphisms and primary biliary cirrhosis in Chinese population: data from a multicenter study
Authors: Li Qianjun , Wang Bingjian , Pan Feng , Zhang Rui , Xiao Lingyan , Guo Huimin , Ma Shijie , Zhou Chuanwen 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and AimsThe cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) gene polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with the risk of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). The study aimed to confirm the associations of CTLA4 gene polymorphisms with risk of PBC and patients' quality of life in Chinese population.MethodsA total of 312 female PBC patients from Chinese Han population were included as case, and 375 age‐matched female healthy volunteers were included as control. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including rs231775, rs3087243, rs231725, and rs5742909 were genotyped. The differences of genotype and allele distributions between PBC patients and healthy controls were assessed. The relationship between CTLA4 gene polymorphisms and healthy status of PBC patients were then investigated through comparisons of the domain scores of PBC‐40 questionnaire between different genotype categories of each single nucleotide polymorphism.ResultsThe frequencies of G allele at rs231775 and A allele at rs231725 were both significantly increased in PBC patients when compared with normal controls (P < 0.001, odds ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.24–1.67 for rs231775; P < 0.001, odds ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval = 1.12–1.48 for rs231725). Besides, patients carrying A allele of rs3087243 had significantly lower score of fatigue domain than those carrying G allele (2.5 ± 0.8 vs 3.9 ± 1.3, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study revealed that CTLA4 gene polymorphism might be associated with susceptibility of PBC. G allele of rs231775 and A allele of rs231725 were significantly associated with the risk of PBC. In addition, patients carrying A allele of rs3087243 could have significantly better quality of life than those carrying G allele.
Neonatal length inaccuracies in clinical practice and related percentile discrepancies detected by a simple length‐board
Authors: Wood Anna J , Raynes‐Greenow Camille H , Carberry Angela E , Jeffery Heather E 
Published: February 2013

AimThe study aims to assess accuracy of standard practice measurement of neonatal length compared with a gold‐standard length‐board technique.MethodsData were obtained from a population‐based, cross‐sectional study of 602 term babies at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia, in 2010. Neonatal length was measured by standard clinical practice and by a length‐board (gold standard) and measurements compared. Standard growth curve percentiles were used to plot length measurements. The Bland and Altman method was used to assess agreement, and acceptable levels of agreement were set at ≤1 cm and ≤0.5 cm.ResultsThe limits of agreement were between −3.06 cm (95% CI −3.08 to −3.04) and 2.67 cm (95% CI 2.65 to 2.69). Neonates whose standard‐practice length fell within 0.5 cm of the gold standard totalled 41% (241 neonates), while 59% (342) were >0.5 cm. The change in length resulted in a change in the percentile range of 53% (309) on a standard growth curve percentile. When examining neonates whose length was plotted at the extremes of percentile regions, the positive predictive value results of the standard practice compared with the gold standard were poor, with positive predictive values of 37.5%, 57.1% and 31.3% for neonates who were measured as <3rd, <10th and ≥90th percentile, respectively.ConclusionsIn current clinical practice, measures of neonatal length are often inaccurate, which has implications for potentially erroneous clinical care. Health‐care providers should be educated on the importance of length and trained in how to measure length with the correct technique using a length‐board.
Sex Differences in Verbal Fluency During Adolescence: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Gender Dysphoric and Control Boys and Girls
Authors: Soleman Remi S. , Schagen Sebastian E.E. , Veltman Dick J. , Kreukels Baudewijntje P.C. , Cohen-Kettenis Peggy T. , Lambalk Cornelis B. , Wouters Femke , Delemarre-van de Waal Henriette A. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In the literature, verbal fluency (VF) is generally described as a female-favoring task. Although it is conceivable that this sex difference only evolves during adolescence or adulthood under influence of sex steroids, this has never been investigated in young adolescents.

Aim
First, to assess sex differences in VF performance and regional brain activation in adolescents. Second, to determine if untreated transsexual adolescents differ from their sex of birth with regard to VF performance and regional brain activation.

Method
Twenty-five boys, 26 girls, 8 Male-to-Female transsexual adolescents (MtFs), and 14 Female-to-Male transsexual adolescents (FtMs) were tested in a cross-sectional study, while performing a phonetic and semantic VF task within an MRI scanner.

Main Outcome Measures
Functional MRI response during VF task.

Results
Boys and girls produced similar amounts of words, but the group MtFs produced significantly more words in the phonetic condition compared to control boys, girls, and FtMs. During the semantic condition, no differences were found. With regard to brain activity, control boys showed more activation in the right Rolandic operculum, a small area adjacent to Broca's area, compared to girls. No significant differences in brain activity were found comparing transsexual adolescents, although sub-threshold activation was found in the right Rolandic operculum indicating a trendwise increase in activation from control girls to FtMs to MtFs to control boys.

Conclusions
The better performance of MtFs is consistent with our expectation that MtFs perform better on female-favoring tasks. Moreover, they produced more words than girls and FtMs. Even though a trendwise linear increase in brain activity between the four groups only approached significance, it may indicate differences in individuals with gender identity disorder compared to their birth sex. Although our findings should thus be interpreted with caution, they suggest a biological basis for both transgender groups performing in-between the two sexes.
Short‐term goals and physically hedonistic values as mediators of the past‐crime–future‐crime relationship
Authors: Walters Glenn D. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThis study was designed to evaluate whether two features of antisocial cognition, short‐term goals, and physically hedonistic values mediate the past‐crime–future‐crime relationship.MethodsData from 395 members of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth–Child Data (NLSY‐C) were used to test this hypothesis. A path analysis was performed, with past crime serving as the independent (predictor) variable, future crime serving as the dependent (outcome) variable, and short‐term goals and physically hedonistic values serving as mediating variables.ResultsThe results of a structured equation modelling path analysis revealed a significant mediating effect for hedonistic values but not for short‐term goals, when both variables were included in the same analysis. A causal mediation analysis was then conducted on the past crime → physically hedonistic values → future crime relationship, the results of which disclosed the presence of a partially mediated effect of physically hedonistic values on the past‐crime–future‐crime relationship after controlling for age, race, gender, and low self‐control. When short‐term goals were analysed separately, they also partially mediated the past‐crime–future‐crime relationship, although the effect was weaker than when physically hedonistic values served as the mediator.ConclusionsHedonistic values and, to a lesser extent, short‐term goals appear to mediate crime continuity, perhaps by establishing a state of psychological inertia, whereby certain psychological processes help maintain negative behavioural patterns like crime.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling the migration of melanocytes and melanoma cells
Authors: Bonaventure Jacky , Domingues Melanie J. , Larue Lionel 
Published: February 2013

SummaryDuring embryonic development in vertebrates, the neural crest‐derived melanoblasts migrate along the dorsolateral axis and cross the basal membrane separating the dermis from the epidermis to reach their final location in the interfollicular epidermis and epidermal hair follicles. Neoplastic transformation converts melanocytes into highly invasive and metastatic melanoma cells. In vitro, these cells extend various types of protrusions and adopt two interconvertible modes of migration, mesenchymal and amoeboid, driven by different signalling molecules. In this review, we describe the major contributions of natural mouse mutants, mouse models generated by genetic engineering and in vitro culture systems, to identification of the genes, signalling pathways and mechanisms regulating the migration of normal and pathological cells of the melanocyte lineage, at both the cellular and molecular levels.
The effects of topical mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in canine experimental cutaneous wounds
Authors: Kim Ju‐Won , Lee Jong‐Hwan , Lyoo Young S. , Jung Dong‐In , Park Hee‐Myung 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundAdult stem cells have been widely investigated in bioengineering approaches for tissue repair therapy. We evaluated the clinical value and safety of the application of cultured bone marrow‐derived allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treating skin wounds in a canine model.HypothesisTopical allogenic MSC transplantation can accelerate the closure of experimental full‐thickness cutaneous wounds and attenuate local inflammation.AnimalsAdult healthy beagle dogs (n = 10; 3–6 years old; 7.2–13.1 kg) were studied.MethodsFull‐thickness skin wounds were created on the dorsum of healthy beagles, and allogenic MSCs were injected intradermally. The rate of wound closure and the degree of collagen production were analysed histologically using haematoxylin and eosin staining and trichrome staining. The degree of cellular proliferation and angiogenesis was evaluated by immunocytochemistry using proliferating cell nuclear antigen‐, vimentin‐ and α‐smooth muscle actin‐specific antibodies. Local mRNA expression levels of interleukin‐2, interferon‐γ, basic fibroblast growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 were evaluated by RT‐PCR.ResultsCompared with the vehicle‐treated wounds, MSC‐treated wounds showed more rapid wound closure and increased collagen synthesis, cellular proliferation and angiogenesis. Moreover, MSC‐treated wounds showed decreased expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐2 and interferon‐γ) and wound healing‐related factors (basic fibroblast growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase‐2).Conclusion and clinical importanceTopical transplantation of MSCs results in paracrine effects on cellular proliferation and angiogenesis, as well as modulation of local mRNA expression of several factors related to cutaneous wound healing.
Inactivation of Nuclear Factor-Y Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Neointima Formation
Authors: Silvestre-Roig Carlos , Fernández Patricia , Esteban Vanesa , Pello Óscar M. , Indolfi Ciro , Rodríguez Cristina , Rodríguez-Calvo Ricardo , López-Maderuelo María Dolores , Bauriedel Gerhard , Hutter Randolph , Fuster Valentín , Ibáñez Borja , Redondo Juan M. , Martínez-González José , Andrés Vicente 
Published: February 2013

Objective—

Atherosclerosis and restenosis are multifactorial diseases associated with abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) plays a major role in transcriptional activation of the
CYCLIN B1
gene (
CCNB1
), a key positive regulator of cell proliferation and neointimal thickening. Here, we investigated the role of NF-Y in occlusive vascular disease.

Approach and Results—

We performed molecular and expression studies in cultured cells, animal models, and human tissues. We find upregulation of NF-Y and cyclin B1 expression in proliferative regions of murine atherosclerotic plaques and mechanically induced lesions, which correlates with higher binding of NF-Y to target sequences in the
CCNB1
promoter. NF-YA expression in neointimal lesions is detected in VSMCs, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB, a main inductor of VSMC growth and neointima development, induces the recruitment of NF-Y to the
CCNB1
promoter and augments both
CCNB1
mRNA expression and cell proliferation through extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 and Akt activation in rat and human VSMCs. Moreover, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of a NF-YA-dominant negative mutant inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-BB–induced
CCNB1
expression and VSMC proliferation in vitro and neointimal lesion formation in a mouse model of femoral artery injury. We also detect NF-Y expression and DNA-binding activity in human neointimal lesions.

Conclusions—
Our results identify NF-Y as a key downstream effector of the platelet-derived growth factor-BB–dependent mitogenic pathway that is activated in experimental and human vasculoproliferative diseases. They also identify NF-Y inhibition as a novel and attractive strategy for the local treatment of neointimal formation induced by vessel denudation.