bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abiotic conditions rather than resource availability cues determine aerial dispersal behaviour in spiderlings of Dolomedes triton (Araneae: Pisauridae)
Authors: Frost Carol M. , Graham Alice K. , Spence John R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMany species respond to risks and benefits of dispersal that vary over the short term through condition-dependent dispersal. We used wind tunnels to investigate how abiotic factors, spiderling age, and indicators of environmental quality affect aerial dispersal behaviour of spiderlings in Dolomedes triton (Walckenaer) (Araneae: Pisauridae), a denizen of temporary habitats. More than half of all spiderlings exhibited preballooning, ballooning, or spanning behaviours. Warm temperatures (>22.5 °C) and low wind speeds (<2.0 m/second) increased aerial dispersal. Aerial dispersal behaviour increased significantly until 5 days after hatch, after which it decreased, coinciding with the onset of active hunting by spiderlings. In contrast, cues about ambient food availability (egg sac number and food limitation of the mother) and potential resource competition or risk of cannibalism (conspecific density) did not affect aerial dispersal propensity. Offspring from different females ballooned in different proportions, except at the peak of dispersal, but a female's reproductive output and propensity of her offspring to balloon were uncorrelated. Thus, it appears that spiderlings of D. triton adopt a fixed strategy of high dispersal rate under optimal abiotic conditions, rather than reducing dispersal in response to cues about local food availability or conspecific density.
A New Species of Land Planarian, Diporodemus merridithae, and Cohabitant Specimens from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee and North Carolina, U.S.A
Authors: Glasgow Benny C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA new endemic species of land planarian, Diporodemus merridithae, belonging to subfamily Microplaninae is described from Great Smoky Mountains National Park. This is the first report of a new land planarian of the subfamily Microplaninae from the United States since 1954 (Hyman 1954). Species external and internal anatomy is described using photographs and a drawing and notes on species distribution, habitat, and conservation are provided. Identifications and previous reports of land planarians from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the United States, and Europe is discussed, as are collections of two cohabitants and the observation of asexual reproduction observed in one cohabitant specimen.
Den kulturelle skolesekken: Passiv tilstedeværelse eller aktiv danning?
Authors: Oftedal Kristin Helene 
Published: February 2013

Med utgangspunkt i erfaringer med Den kulturelle skolesekken – en nasjonal satsing som skal bidra til at alle skoleelever i Norge får møte profesjonell kunst og kultur av alle slag – ser denne artikkelen nærmere på kunst som estetisk erfaring. På bakgrunn av filosofene Jacques Rancières og John Deweys tekster, undersøkes danningspotensialet i estetisk erfaring som resepsjon, eller mottagelse. Fra henholdsvis et politisk og et evolusjonistisk perspektiv, peker både Rancière og Dewey på at den estetiske erfaring handler om en indre aktivitet som både er skapende og kritisk. Kunsterfaringen kjennetegnes ikke bare av harmoniske stunder av samsvar, men er også er en prosess som betinges av spenningsfull rekonstruksjon og tolkning av det følte og sansede. Slik tilbyr publikumsrollen mulighet for aktiv danning.
2D:4D Is Negatively Associated to Aggressive Dominance in Men: A Response to Voracek (2013)
Authors: van der Meij Leander , Almela Mercedes , Buunk Abraham P. , Dubbs Shelli , Salvador Alicia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe do not agree with the interpretation and evaluation of our article by Voracek. We feel that our results and our interpretation of the results are supported by our data analyses and do add to the current understanding of the relationship between 2D:4D and personality. We feel confident we can address many, if not all, of Voracek's criticisms. However, we fully agree that 2D:4D research would benefit from more replication and from the use of larger sample sizes. Aggr. Behav. 39:88–89, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Real‐time hoist scheduling for multistage material handling process under uncertainties
Authors: Tian Na , Che Ada , Feng Jianguang 
Published: February 2013

SignificanceZhao et al. have recently developed an interesting mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) model for real‐time hoist rescheduling in a multistage electroplating line. In this letter, we reformulate the hoist movement constraints in their model. Due to this reformulation, we obtain a more compact MILP model in terms of the number of constraints and variables. Computational experiment shows that our improved model can be solved several times faster than Zhao et al.'s model. Such a reduction in computation time is significant in a real‐time hoist rescheduling context.
Mitochondrial DNA diversity in two ethnic groups in Southeastern Kenya: Perspectives from the northeastern periphery of the bantu expansion
Authors: Batai Ken , Babrowski Kara B. , Arroyo Juan Pablo , Kusimba Chapurukha M. , Williams Sloan R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Bantu languages are widely distributed throughout sub‐Saharan Africa. Genetic research supports linguists and historians who argue that migration played an important role in the spread of this language family, but the genetic data also indicates a more complex process involving substantial gene flow with resident populations. In order to understand the Bantu expansion process in east Africa, mtDNA hypervariable region I variation in 352 individuals from the Taita and Mijikenda ethnic groups was analyzed, and we evaluated the interactions that took place between the Bantu‐ and non‐Bantu‐speaking populations in east Africa. The Taita and Mijikenda are Bantu‐speaking agropastoralists from southeastern Kenya, at least some of whose ancestors probably migrated into the area as part of Bantu migrations that began around 3,000 BCE. Our analyses indicate that they show some distinctive differences that reflect their unique cultural histories. The Taita are genetically more diverse than the Mijikenda with larger estimates of genetic diversity. The Taita cluster with other east African groups, having high frequencies of haplogroups from that region, while the Mijikenda have high frequencies of central African haplogroups and cluster more closely with central African Bantu‐speaking groups. The non‐Bantu speakers who lived in southeastern Kenya before Bantu speaking groups arrived were at least partially incorporated into what are now Bantu‐speaking Taita groups. In contrast, gene flow from non‐Bantu speakers into the Mijikenda was more limited. These results suggest a more complex demographic history where the nature of Bantu and non‐Bantu interactions varied throughout the area. Am J Phys Anthropol 150:482–491, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐Axis Anisotropic Exchange Coupling in the Single‐Molecule Magnets NEt4[MnIII2(5‐Brsalen)2(MeOH)2MIII(CN)6] (M=Ru, Os)
Authors: Dreiser Jan , Pedersen Kasper S. , Schnegg Alexander , Holldack Karsten , Nehrkorn Joscha , Sigrist Marc , Tregenna‐Piggott Philip , Mutka Hannu , Weihe Høgni , Mironov Vladimir S. , Bendix Jesper , Waldmann Oliver 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe have investigated the single‐molecule magnets [MnIII2(5‐Brsalen)2(MeOH)2MIII(CN)6]NEt4 (M=Os (1) and Ru (2); 5‐Brsalen=N,N′‐ethylenebis(5‐bromosalicylidene)iminate) by frequency‐domain Fourier‐transform terahertz electron paramagnetic resonance (THz‐EPR), inelastic neutron scattering, and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. The combination of all three techniques allows for the unambiguous experimental determination of the three‐axis anisotropic magnetic exchange coupling between MnIII and RuIII or OsIII ions, respectively. Analysis by means of a spin‐Hamiltonian parameterization yields excellent agreement with all experimental data. Furthermore, analytical calculations show that the observed exchange anisotropy is due to the bent geometry encountered in both 1 and 2, whereas a linear geometry would lead to an Ising‐type exchange coupling.
Discrete Divalent Rare‐Earth Cationic ROP Catalysts: Ligand‐Dependent Redox Behavior and Discrepancies with Alkaline‐Earth Analogues in a Ligand‐Assisted Activated Monomer Mechanism
Authors: Liu Bo , Roisnel Thierry , Maron Laurent , Carpentier Jean‐François , Sarazin Yann 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe first solvent‐free cationic complexes of the divalent rare‐earth metals, [{RO}REII]+[A]− (REII=YbII, 1; EuII, 2) and [{LO}REII]+[A]− ([A]−=[H2N{B(C6F5)3}2]−; REII=YbII, 3; EuII, 4), have been prepared by using highly chelating monoanionic aminoether‐fluoroalkoxide ({RO}−) and aminoether‐phenolate ({LO}−) ligands. Complexes 1 and 2 are structurally related to their alkaline‐earth analogues [{RO}AE]+[A]− (AE=Ca, 5; Sr, 6). Yet, the two families behave very differently during catalysis of the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of L‐lactide (L‐LA) and trimethylene carbonate (TMC) performed under immortal conditions with excess BnOH as an exogenous chain‐transfer agent. The ligand was found to strongly influence the behavior of the REII complexes during ROP catalysis. The fluoroalkoxide REII catalysts 1 and 2 are not oxidized under ROP conditions, and compare very favorably with their Ca and Sr congeners 5 and 6 in terms of activity (turnover frequency (TOF) in the range 200–400 molL‐LA (molEu h−1)) and control over the parameters during the immortal ROP of L‐LA (Mn,theor≈Mn,SEC, Mw/Mn<1.05). The EuII‐phenolate 4 provided one of the most effective ROP cationic systems known to date for L‐LA polymerization, exhibiting high activity (TOF up to 1 880 molL‐LA⋅(molEu h)−1) and good control (Mw/Mn=1.05). By contrast, upon addition of L‐LA the YbII‐phenolate 3 immediately oxidizes to inactive REIII species. Yet, the cyclic carbonate TMC was rapidly polymerized by combinations of 3 (or even 1) and BnOH, revealing excellent activities (TOF=5000–7000 molTMC⋅(molEu h)−1) and unusually high control (Mn,theor≈Mn,SEC, Mw/Mn<1.09); under identical conditions, the calcium derivative 5 was entirely inert toward TMC. Based on experimental and kinetic data, a new ligand‐assisted activated monomer ROP mechanism is suggested, in which the so‐called ancillary ligand plays a crucial role in the catalytic cycle. A coherent reaction pathway computed by DFT, compatible with the experimental data, supports the proposed scenario.
A Novel Convergent Synthesis of the Antiglaucoma PGF2α Analogue Bimatoprost
Authors: Dams Iwona , Chodyński Michał , Krupa Małgorzata , Pietraszek Anita , Zezula Marta , Cmoch Piotr , Kosińska Monika , Kutner Andrzej 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe 17‐phenyl PGF2α analogue bimatoprost (10a) is the most efficacious ocular hypotensive agent currently available for the treatment of glaucoma or ocular hypertension. A novel convergent synthesis of 13,14‐en‐15‐ol prostamideF2α analogues was developed employing Julia–Lythgoe olefination of the structurally advanced phenylsulfone (+)‐(5Z)‐15 with an enantiomerically pure aldehyde ω‐chain synthon (–)‐(S)‐16a. Subsequent hydrolysis of protecting groups and final amidation of the diol 26a yielded bimatoprost (10a). The main advantage of the current strategy is the preparation of high‐purity bimatoprost (10a). The novel convergent strategy allows the synthesis of a whole series of 13,14‐en‐15‐ol prostamideF2α analogues with the desired C‐15 asymmetric center configuration from a common and structurally advanced prostaglandin intermediate (+)‐(5Z)‐15. The preparation and identification of two synthetic impurities, 15‐epi isomer (10b) of bimatoprost and a new prostaglandin related amide (+)‐(5Z)‐18, are also described. Chirality 25:170–179, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimising chlorine compression design with vapour phase nitrogen trichloride destruction
Authors: Maka K. , Norval Graeme W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNitrogen trichloride (NCl3) is a by‐product of electrolytic chlorine manufacture, produced when the brine is contaminated with ammonia. A common treatment method is a thermal destruction process in which the NCl3 is absorbed in a solvent (CHCl3) using a distillation column with no liquid bottoms product. The chlorine gas is cooled through direct contact with liquid chlorine, which flashes and condenses the solvent and NCl3 vapours. The condensate drains through trays to a reboiler in which the NCl3 decomposes while the chlorine, solvent, NCl3 solution boils. This process is well‐known and widely practiced but is known to experience catastrophic detonations. A vapour phase thermal decomposition of NCl3 does occur, particularly when the heat added through compression is considered. The known data on this decomposition reaction have been collected and converted in a rate expression that allows for integration within an ASPENPLUS process model. Different options for the compressor, precooler, intercooler and liquefier operations are considered, and their impact on the compressor and liquefier duties is reported. A different approach to the design and operation for a chlorine compression/liquefaction train is presented and discussed. © 2013 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether over γ‐Al2O3 catalyst: Intrinsic kinetics and effectiveness factor
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zhang Haitao , Ying Weiyong , Fang Dingye 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether (DME) over a commercial γ‐Al2O3 catalyst was studied at the temperature interval 513–613 K, liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of 0.9–6.0 h−1 and pressures between 0.1 and 1.0 MPa. The effect of different operation conditions on the dehydration of methanol was investigated in an isothermal fixed bed reactor. A kinetic equation which describes a Langmuir–Hinshelwood surface controlled reaction with dissociative adsorption of methanol was found to fit the experimental results quite well. An activation energy of 62.4 kJ/mol was obtained for the catalyst. A two‐dimensional reaction–diffusion model was established for a cylindrical‐shaped methanol dehydration catalyst. The internal effectiveness factor and the concentration distribution of methanol in the catalyst were obtained by the finite element method in MATLAB. The reaction–diffusion model was verified by the global kinetics data. The calculation data agreed well with the experimental data, so the model can be used to describe the processes of reaction and diffusion in the cylindrical‐shaped catalyst.
Simulation of pellet model with multicomponent mass diffusion closure using least squares spectral element solution method
Authors: Rout K. R. , Jakobsen H. A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMass‐ and mole‐based pellet models have been solved using least‐squares formulation to describe the evolution of species composition, pressure, velocity, total concentration and mass diffusion fluxes in porous pellets for the steam methane reforming (SMR) process. The objective of this work has been to compare the mass‐ and mole‐based diffusion flux models, convection and fluid velocity for the SMR process using the least‐squares spectral element method (LS‐SEM). The diffusion–reaction problems are computationally intensive, requiring efficient numerical methods for dealing with them. This paper presents formulation and algorithm of LS‐SEM for solving multicomponent mass diffusion pellet models. The mass diffusion flux is described according to the rigorous Maxwell Stefan model. This flux may be defined either with molar‐ or mass‐averaged velocities. The effectiveness factors have been calculated for the SMR process and compared with the literature data.The model evaluations revealed that:

‐ The least‐squares method is well‐suited for solving the multicomponent mass diffusion pellet models for the SMR process, achieving exponential convergence.
‐ Molar‐ and mass‐based pellet models do not give fully identical results for the SMR process, since the pellet model is not completely consistent.
Role of the hydrophobicity of mineral fines in the formation of oil–mineral aggregates
Authors: Wang Weizhi , Zheng Ying , Lee Kenneth 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOil–mineral aggregates (OMA) have been an effective approach in reclaiming accidental oil spills. In this study, kaolin is modified to present various levels of hydrophobicity. The results have shown that more crude oil, especially viscous crude, can be trapped in OMA when modified kaolin is used and no dispersant is added. The role of modified kaolin in OMA formation is eliminated when dispersant is used. It is also noted that there exists an optimal hydrophobicity in promoting the OMA formation and oil removal performance. Excessive hydrophobicity can lead to mineral self‐aggregation, which results in less interaction between oil and the mineral. © 2013 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Saturation‐specific pattern of acquired colour vision deficiency in two clinical populations revealed by the method of triads
Authors: Bimler David L. , Paramei Galina V. , Feitosa‐Santana Claudia , Oiwa Nestor Norio , Ventura Dora Fix 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSubjective colour spaces were reconstructed for persons occupationally exposed to mercury (Hg) and patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, two groups at risk for acquired colour‐vision deficiency, and compared with healthy normal trichromats. Judgments of colour dissimilarity were collected with the method of triads, applied to a composite assortment of colour samples. These were drawn from two widely used colour arrangement tests—10 hues from the Farnsworth D‐15 test and five from the Lanthony Desaturated D‐15d test, ensuring that the assortment sampled two levels of lightness and saturation. The data were analyzed with maximum‐likelihood multidimensional scaling (MDS) and within a novel individual‐differences MDS model to estimate subject‐specific parameters. The MDS solutions for the two clinical groups showed a compression along a blue‐yellow axis, limited however to desaturated hues. This result was confirmed by the individual‐differences model. In addition, the clinical groups were found to place significantly higher weights on the lightness differences between stimuli, conceivably to compensate for their reduced chromatic discrimination. The specific form of colour‐space distortion in the clinical groups indicated an increase in their thresholds for blue‐yellow signals, providing insights into the nature of impairment mechanisms. The results have implications for stimuli and diagnostic procedures for testing individual differences in color vision, and for analyzing the responses. This approach is sensitive to distinctive patterns of subtle colour‐vision impairment underestimated by the conventional D‐15d test. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 125–135, 2014
Scaling Limits of Additive Functionals of Interacting Particle Systems
Authors: Gonçalves Patrícia , Jara Milton 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUsing the renormalization method introduced by the authors, we prove what we call the local Boltzmann‐Gibbs principle for conservative, stationary interacting particle systems in dimension d = 1. As applications of this result, we obtain various scaling limits of additive functionals of particle systems, like the occupation time of a given site or extensive additive fields of the dynamics. As a by‐product of these results, we also construct a novel process, related to the stationary solution of the stochastic Burgers equation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photophysics of Push–Pull Distyrylfurans, Thiophenes and Pyridines by Fast and Ultrafast Techniques
Authors: Carlotti Benedetta , Kikaš Ilijana , Škorić Irena , Spalletti Anna , Elisei Fausto 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTime‐resolved transient absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy with nano‐ and femtosecond time resolution were used to investigate the deactivation pathways of the excited states of distyrylfuran, thiophene and pyridine derivatives in several organic solvents of different polarity in detail. The rate constant of the main decay processes (fluorescence, singlet–triplet intersystem crossing, isomerisation and internal conversion) are strongly affected by the nature [locally excited (LE) or charge transfer (CT)] and selective position of the lowest excited singlet states. In particular, the heteroaromatic central ring significantly enhances the intramolecular charge‐transfer process, which is operative even in a non‐polar solvent. Both the thiophene and pyridine moieties enhance the S1→T1 rate with respect to the furan one. This is due to the heavy‐atom effect (thiophene compounds) and to the 1(π,π)*→3(n,π)* transition (pyridine compounds), which enhance the spin‐orbit coupling. Moreover, the solvent polarity also plays a significant role in the photophysical properties of these push–pull compounds: in fact, a particularly fast 1LE*→1CT* process was found for dimethylamino derivatives in the most polar solvents (time constant, τ≤400 fs), while it takes place in tens of picoseconds in non‐polar solvents. It was also shown that the CT character of the lowest excited singlet state decreased by replacing the dimethylamino side group with a methoxy one. The latter causes a decrease in the emissive decay and an enhancement of triplet‐state formation. The photoisomerisation mechanism (singlet/triplet) is also discussed.
Effect of Cu/In ratio on properties of CuInSe2 thin films prepared by selenization of Cu‐In layers
Authors: Shi Jen‐Bin , Chen Yu‐Cheng , Wu Po‐Feng , Yang Shui‐Yuang , Kang Tsung‐Kuei , Yang Ping‐Chang , Lin Cheng‐Li , Young San‐Lin , Kao Ming‐Cheng 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this paper, the chalcopyrite CuInSe2 thin films were fabricated from a selenization of electrodeposited Cu‐In layers. In this study, the electrodeposition time of the In layer was set, but that for the Cu layer was not. The thin films were selenized in a sealed glass tube with pure Se powder by three different Cu layer samples at various electrodeposition times at 500 °C for 2 hours. An FE‐SEM image of the sample shows that the copper‐rich product has irregular agglomerates with a dense surface. The X‐ray diffraction patterns show CuInSe2 peaks for all samples. However, the X‐ray diffraction pattern reveals CuSe2 peaks when the electrodeposition time of the Cu layer increases. On the other hand, the band gap (Eg) of the samples decreases from 1.15 to 1.07 eV when the Cu/In ratio increases.
Melt growth and post‐grown annealing of semiinsulating (CdZn)Te by vertical gradient freeze method
Authors: Franc J. , Šedivý L. , Belas E. , Bugár M. , Zázvorka J. , Pekárek J. , Uxa Š. , Höschl P. , Fesh R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe present results of development of CdZnTe semi‐insulating crystals prepared by Vertical Gradient Freeze method in a 4‐zone furnace. We applied the way of growth of the crystal from the top when the first crystallization seed is created on the surface of the melt. The typical height of the crystals is 5 cm. Resistivity and photoconductivity profiles measured along the growth axis by contactless method are compared and their mutual correlation is explained based on a model of relative shift of the Fermi level and the midgap level present in the material. The influence of the Fermi level on electron trapping and recombination is summarized. We present here results of a two‐step annealing method aimed at reduction of Te inclusions while keeping the resistivity high. We employed CdTe:Cl VGF grown samples to eliminate Te inclusions observed in as grown crystals by two‐step post grown annealing in Cd and Te atmosphere and present a model of the processes leading to high resistivity material after annealing.