bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a sensitive and rapid UPLC‐MS/MS method for the determination of koumine in rat plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Chen Jian‐Zhong , Li Yu , Xiao Jian‐Ping , Wu Shui‐Sheng , Song Heng‐Wen 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTA rapid, selective and sensitive method using UPLC‐MS/MS was first developed and validated for quantitative analysis of koumine in rat plasma. A one‐step protein precipitation with methanol was employed as a sample preparation technique. Plasma samples were separated on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, i.d. 1.7 µm) with a gradient mobile phase consisting of methanol with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid and water containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Detection and quantification were performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring mode via positive eletrospray ionization. Good linearity (r > 0.9997) was achieved using weighted (1/x2) least squares linear regression over a concentration range of 0.025–15 µg/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 0.025 µg/mL for koumine. The intra‐ and inter‐ precisions (relative standard deviation) of the assay at all three quality control samples were 5.6–14.1% with an accuracy (relative error) of 5.0–14.0%, which meets the requirements of the US Food and Drug Administration guidance. This developed method was successfully applied to an in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats after a single intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg koumine. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indirect enantioseparation of proteinogenic amino acids using naproxen‐based chiral derivatizing reagent and HPLC
Authors: Bhushan Ravi , Nagar Hariom 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTDiastereomers of 18 proteinogenic amino acids were synthesized under microwave irradiation and by vortexing using (S)‐naproxen–benzotriazole as chiral derivatizing reagent. The diastereomers synthesized by two approaches were found to be identical in terms of their characterization and chromatographic data. A linear gradient of triethylammonium phosphate (pH 3.5)–acetonitrile (30–65%, within 35 min) was found to be successful using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography for their separation. Detection was carried out at 231 nm and sharp peaks were obtained. The method was validated for accuracy, precision and limit of detection. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CO2 Emissions and Financial Performance of Socially Responsible Firms: An Empirical Survey
Authors: Sariannidis Nikolaos , Zafeiriou Eleni , Giannarakis Grigoris , Arabatzis Garyfallos 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTA firm's financial performance is closely related to its environmental behavior. This result is valid especially in the case of socially responsible firms. In the present study a data econometric analysis is conducted based on a GARCH model for socially responsible and conventional firms. According to our findings, the performance of socially responsible firms is negatively related to an increase of global CO2 emissions. The firms' costs for implementing environmental policies and the investors' attitude towards the aforementioned firms may account for our results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Sustainability Development and the Quality of Assurance Reports: Empirical Evidence
Authors: Zorio Ana , García‐Benau Maria A. , Sierra Laura 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThere is a rising trend among companies to publish their sustainability or corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. Assurance of these reports is a valuable voluntary tool to provide them with higher credibility. Nonetheless, the quality of assurance reports differs in practice and the objective of this paper is to provide evidence in this new area of research. Indeed, we are pioneers in developing an index to measure the quality of assurance reports. We choose the Spanish setting because it is the worldwide leading country as regards CSR reporting (KPMG, 2011; Sierra et al., 2012). We have found evidence on the determinants for CSR reporting posited by existing literature that have an impact on (a) the decision of companies to publish their CSR reports, (b) the decision to assure the CSR report or not and (c) the decision to hire the assurance services from an auditor or a consultant and the subsequent quality of the assurance report. Last but not least, our results from a sample of 161 CSR assurance reports evidence that assurance reports are of fairly acceptable quality, according to the index proposed. Furthermore, the value of the quality index is significantly higher if the assurance services are provided by an auditor (as opposed to a consultant) and if the CSR reporting company is larger. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Optimization of routine KRAS mutation PCR‐based testing procedure for rational individualized first‐line‐targeted therapy selection in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Chretien Anne‐Sophie , Harlé Alexandre , Meyer‐Lefebvre Magali , Rouyer Marie , Husson Marie , Ramacci Carole , Harter Valentin , Genin Pascal , Leroux Agnès , Merlin Jean‐Louis 
Published: December 2012

AbstractKRAS mutation detection represents a crucial issue in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The optimization of KRAS mutation detection delay enabling rational prescription of first‐line treatment in mCRC including anti‐EGFR‐targeted therapy requires robust and rapid molecular biology techniques. Routine analysis of mutations in codons 12 and 13 on 674 paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens of mCRC has been performed for KRAS mutations detection using three molecular biology techniques, that is, high‐resolution melting (HRM), polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP), and allelic discrimination PCR (TaqMan PCR). Discordant cases were assessed with COBAS 4800 KRAS CE‐IVD assay. Among the 674 tumor specimens, 1.5% (10/674) had excessive DNA degradation and could not be analyzed. KRAS mutations were detected in 38.0% (256/674) of the analysable specimens (82.4% in codon 12 and 17.6% in codon 13). Among 613 specimens in whom all three techniques were used, 12 (2.0%) cases of discordance between the three techniques were observed. 83.3% (10/12) of the discordances were due to PCR‐RFLP as confirmed by COBAS 4800 retrospective analysis. The three techniques were statistically comparable (κ > 0.9; P < 0.001). From these results, optimization of the routine procedure consisted of proceeding to systematic KRAS detection using HRM and TaqMan and PCR‐RFLP in case of discordance and allowed significant decrease in delays. The results showed an excellent correlation between the three techniques. Using HRM and TaqMan warrants high‐quality and rapid‐routine KRAS mutation detection in paraffin‐embedded tumor specimens. The new procedure allowed a significant decrease in delays for reporting results, enabling rational prescription of first‐line‐targeted therapy in mCRC.
‘Faking brands’: Consumer responses to counterfeiting
Authors: Hamelin Nicolas , Nwankwo Sonny , El Hadouchi Rachad 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTWhilst counterfeiting is regarded as one of the ‘oldest crimes in history’, contextualised treatments of Middle East and North Africa (MENA region) are rare despite growing interconnections with the global economy. Accordingly, this paper explores consumer motivations to purchase counterfeit products and identifies possible counter‐influences. Data from a survey of 400 respondents drawn from Morocco was tested with logistic regression models to determine the significant factors that trigger responsiveness and deterrence to counterfeit products. The tests were based on three product categories: clothing, cosmetics and mobile phones. Additionally, consumer demographics and selected social triggers were evaluated to build a profile of consumers typically likely to consider buying (or avoiding) counterfeit goods. Results show that concerns related to health, disappointment risk and integrity are the most significant countervailing factors on behavioural intentions towards purchasing counterfeits. On a socio‐demographic level, it was found that low‐income consumers are more positively disposed to buying counterfeits. Gender also seems to have an explanatory force. Women with higher educational backgrounds are less likely than men to consider buying counterfeit goods. For all the products evaluated, quality and price consistently proved the most important factors driving the intention to buy counterfeits. The implications are highlighted; combating counterfeiting is not an exclusive preserve of any single entity (governments, business or para‐governmental agencies) but a shared responsibility. There is a lot at stake for consumers, manufacturers and the industrial nations if the menace is not effectively checked.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Half a World Away: The Integration and Assimilation of Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainability, and Sustainable Development in Business School Curricula
Authors: Doh Jonathan P. , Tashman Peter 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we review efforts by business school academics to integrate corporate social responsibility, sustainability, and sustainable development in their teaching and coursework. We draw from recent research to describe the challenges and constraints to such integration, as well as the opportunities and potential of such efforts. We then report on the results of a survey of academics in business schools which underscore these challenges and constraints. We conclude with suggestions regarding how individual faculty members, business schools, and the broader field and its institutions can respond to the relative absence of these subjects and their integration in business school curricula. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Cuprous Halide Coordination Polymers Based on Cationic [Cu4X2] and [Cu3X] Clusters and [Cu2Br]n Layers with Tetrazolates as Assembling Ligands: Highly Connected Networks and Halide‐Dependent Luminescence
Authors: Jiang Dong‐Ping , Yao Ru‐Xin , Ji Fang , Zhang Xian‐Ming 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFive tetrazolate‐based coordination polymers with cationic copper(I) halide motifs, namely, Cu4(tta)2Cl2 (1, tta = tetrazolate), Cu4(tta)2Br2 (2), Cu2(tta)I (3), Cu3(mtta)2Cl (4, mtta = 5‐methyltetrazolate), and Cu2(tta)Br (5) were prepared by hydro(solvo)thermal reactions of CuX2 or CuX with tetrazolato ligands in the presence of HX. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 show eight‐connected square‐planar layered structures constructed with butterfly‐like [Cu4X2]2+ (X = Cl, Br, I) clusters and μ4‐tta groups. Isomorphs 1 and 2 crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pbca, but 3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbam, because each μ4‐tta group is coordinated to three butterfly‐like clusters rather than four in 1 and 2. To the best of our knowledge, 1, 2, and 3 represent the only 2D coordination polymers with eight‐connected square planar topology to date. Compound 4 is a [Cu3Cl]2+ cluster based on the undocumented ten‐connected ZrIn2 topological framework. Compound 5 has a 3D pillar layered framework constructed with [Cu2Br]nn+ cationic layers. Compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5 exhibit strong green‐blue emission in the solid state at room temperature, whereas cuprous iodide complex 3 shows strong red luminescence.
An Efficient Titanium Amidinate Catalyzed Version of Ziegler's “Aufbaureaktion”
Authors: Obenauf Johannes , Kretschmer Winfried P. , Bauer Tobias , Kempe Rhett 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDiethylamidotitanium trichloride reacts with a variety of bulky amidines ArN(H)C(Ar′)NAr [Ar = 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl; Ar′ = Ph, p‐Me2NC6H4, p‐MeOC6H4, p‐(2,5‐dimethylpyrrole)C6H4] to form ammonium titanates. These new titanium complexes undergo polyethylenyl chain transfer polymerization to aluminium alkyls after activation with d‐MAO (“dry methylaluminoxane”). Ethylene is polymerized with an activity of up to 1000 kgPE molcat–1 h–1 bar–1 in the presence of 1000 equiv. of triethylaluminium. Linear aluminium‐terminated polyethylene is the only product observed. This polymerization process can be viewed as an efficient catalytic version of Ziegler's “Aufbaureaktion”.
Carica papaya Lipase Catalysed Resolution of β‐Amino Esters for the Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of (S)‐Dapoxetine
Authors: You Pengyong , Qiu Jian , Su Erzheng , Wei Dongzhi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of the (S)‐3‐amino‐3‐phenylpropanoic acid enantiomer has been achieved by Carica papaya lipase (CPL) catalysed enantioselective alcoholysis of the corresponding racemic N‐protected 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl esters in an organic solvent. A high enantioselectivity (E > 200) was achieved by two strategies that involved engineering of the substrates and optimization of the reaction conditions. Based on the resolution of a series of amino acids, it was found that the structure of the substrate has a profound effect on the CPL‐catalysed resolution. The enantioselectivity and reaction rate were significantly enhanced by switching the conventional methyl ester to an activated trifluoroethyl ester. When considering steric effects, the substituted phenyl and amino groups should not both be large for the CPL‐catalysed resolution. The mechanism of the CPL‐catalysed enantioselective alcoholoysis of the amino acids is discussed to delineate the substrate requirements for CPL‐catalysed resolution. Finally, the reaction was scaled up, and the products were separated and obtained in good yields (≥ 80 %). The (S)‐3‐amino‐3‐phenylpropanoic acid obtained was used as a key chiral intermediate in the synthesis of (S)‐dapoxetine with very high enantiomeric excess (> 99 %).
Self‐Metathesis of Polyol Allyl Ethers towards Carbohydrate‐Based Oligohydroxy Derivatives
Authors: Tober Maike , Thiem Joachim 
Published: December 2012

AbstractVarious allyl ethers of 1,4‐anhydro‐D‐sorbitol and pentaerythritol were synthesised as starting materials for self‐metathesis reactions. Thus, dimeric compounds having six free hydroxy groups became accessible and should be used as potential analogues of dipentaerythritol for alkyd resin formation.
2,1,3‐Benzothiadiazole and Derivatives: Synthesis, Properties, Reactions, and Applications in Light Technology of Small Molecules
Authors: Neto Brenno A. D. , Lapis Alexandre A. M. , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N. , Dupont Jairton 
Published: December 2012

Abstract2,1,3‐Benzothiadiazole (BTD) is one of the most important nuclei used in the chemistry of photoluminescent compounds and applicable for light technology. The understanding of its properties and reactions is fundamental for the design and application of these derivatives in molecular organic electronic devices and for other technologies. As a result of their potential as constituents of organic light‐emitting diodes, solar cells, liquid crystals, dyes, photovoltaic cells, and many others, attention has been focused on BTD π‐extended derivatives with potential use in this exciting area. Herein, we describe their syntheses, properties, reactions, and selected examples of applications in light technology using by BTD (small molecules) as the core.
Low sclareol by‐product of clary sage concrete: chemical analysis of a waste product of the perfume industry
Authors: Laville Rémi , Castel Cécilia , Fattarsi Karine , Roy Celine , Legendre Laurent , Delbecque Claire , Garry Pierre‐Philippe , Audran Arthur , Fernandez Xavier 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTIn line with the sustainable development objectives of the Claryssime® research programme, a by‐product of Salvia sclarea concrete (low sclareol by‐product) obtained from industrial sclareol purification, was subjected to full chemical fractionation, characterization and assessment of its economic potential as a by‐product synergy candidate. Fractionation and intensive semi‐preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography isolation led to the characterization of several compounds that belong to different metabolite families, including flavonoids [salvigenin (3), 1.8%], diterpenoids [sclareol (6), 4.6%] and triterpenoids [oleanolic acid (10), 6.2%], and triacylglycerols (60.8%). The triacylglycerol fraction was further studied: its total fatty acid content was analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and all the triacylglycerols were described by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QToF) analysis. The reproducibility of the low sclareol by‐product chemical composition was assessed and validated by quantitative high‐performance liquid chromatography–evaporative light scattering detector analysis and its evolution during the process was investigated via the analysis of a rich sclareol by‐product. Such an analytical approach, from the improved fractionation to the triacylglycerol analysis via UPLC‐QToF, can be applied to many industrial concretes or other by‐products from natural ingredient extraction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfonated Cardo Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone)s for Fuel Cell Proton Exchange Membrane Application
Authors: Islam Md. M. , Jang H.‐H. , Lim Y.‐D. , Seo D.‐W. , Kim T.‐H. , Hong Y.‐T. , Kim D.‐M. , Kim W.‐G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSulfonated cardo poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (SPPA‐PES) with various degrees of sulfonation (DS) were prepared by post‐sulfonation of synthesized phenolphthalein anilide (PPA; N‐phenyl‐3,3′‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1‐isobenzopyrolidone) poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (PPA‐PES) by using concentrated sulfuric acid. PPA‐PES copolymers were synthesized by direct polycondensation of PPA with bis‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐sulfone and 4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol. The DS was varied with different mole ratios of PPA (24, 30, 40, 50 mol.%) in the polymer. The structure of the resulting SPPA‐PES copolymers and the different contents of the sulfonated unit were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Sorption experiments were conducted to observe the interaction of sulfonated polymer with water. The ion exchange capacity (IEC) and proton conductivity of SPPA‐PES were evaluated according to the increase of DS. The water uptake (WU) of the resulting SPPA‐PES membranes was in the range of 20–72%, compared with 28% for Nafion 211®. The SPPA‐PES membranes showed proton conductivities of 23–82 mS cm–1, compared with 194 mS cm–1 for Nafion 211®, under 100% relative humidity (RH) at 80 °C.
Dancing as a psychosocial intervention in care homes: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Guzmán‐García A. , Hughes J. C. , James I. A. , Rochester L. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundThere is a need to find meaningful and engaging interventions to improve mood and behaviour for residents of care homes. The demand on care staff might diminish opportunities for them to encourage these activities. Staff anecdotal information attests that dancing as an activity improves mood in residents and staff. Hence, the importance of investigating what dancing brings to the care home social environment.AimsTo provide a systematic review of the evidence from studies related to dancing interventions for older people with dementia living in care homes.MethodElectronic databases were searched. Previous reviews were also included, and recognised experts were consulted up to January 2012. Inclusion criteria considered study methodology and evidence that the impact of the dance intervention had been measured.ResultsTen studies were identified that satisfied the inclusion criteria: seven qualitative and three quantitative. Studies used different approaches such as therapeutic dance, dance movement therapy, dance therapy, social dancing and psychomotor dance‐based exercise. There was evidence that problematic behaviours decreased; social interaction and enjoyment in both residents and care staff improved. A few adverse effects were also acknowledged.ConclusionThe evidence on the efficacy of dancing in care homes is limited in part owing to the methodological challenges facing such research. This review aims to raise awareness of the possibility of implementing dance work as an engaging activity in care homes. We shall also consider options for future dance work research as a means to encourage relationships and sensory stimulation for both residents and staff. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal decision rules for HTA under uncertainty: a wider, dynamic perspective
Authors: Forster Martin , Pertile Paolo 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTWe present a two‐period framework, which combines real option and decision‐theoretic approaches to health technology assessment under uncertainty. By viewing adoption, treatment and research decisions as a single economic project, we illustrate how their key dimensions affect optimal rules. We consider the results in relation to the existing literature and argue that developments in this direction could contribute substantially to efficiency gains in resource allocation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monte Carlo simulations shed light on Bathsheba's suspect breast
Authors: Heijblom Michelle , Meijer Linda M. , van Leeuwen Ton G. , Steenbergen Wiendelt , Manohar Srirang 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn 1654, Rembrandt van Rijn painted his famous painting Bathsheba at her Bath. Over the years, the depiction of Bathsheba's left breast and especially the presence of local discoloration, has generated debate on whether Rembrandt's Bathsheba suffered from breast cancer. Historical, medical and artistic arguments appeared to be not sufficient to prove if Bathsheba's model truly suffered from breast cancer. However, the bluish discoloration of the breast is an intriguing aspect from a biomedical optics point of view that might help us ending the old debate. By using Monte Carlo simulations in combination with the retinex theory of color vision, we showed that is highly unlikely that breast cancer results in a local bluish discoloration of the skin as is present on Bathsheba's breast. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation of the human tympanic membrane oscillation ex vivo by Doppler optical coherence tomography
Authors: Burkhardt Anke , Kirsten Lars , Bornitz Matthias , Zahnert Thomas , Koch Edmund 
Published: December 2012

AbstractInvestigations of the tympanic membrane (TM) can have an important impact on understanding the sound conduction in the ear and can therefore support the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the middle ear. High‐speed Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) has the potential to describe the oscillatory behaviour of the TM surface in a phase‐sensitive manner and additionally allows acquiring a three‐dimensional image of the underlying structure. With repeated sound stimuli from 0.4 kHz to 6.4 kHz, the whole TM can be set in vibration and the spatially resolved frequency response functions (FRFs) of the tympanic membrane can be recorded. Typical points, such as the umbo or the manubrium of malleus, can be studied separately as well as the TM surface with all stationary and wave‐like vibrations. Thus, the OCT methodology can be a promising technique to distinguish between normal and pathological TMs and support the differentiation between ossicular and membrane diseases. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)