bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smokers’ Attitude and Intention to Quit after Seeing a Movie with Smoking
Authors: Hanewinkel Reiner , Sargent James D. , Isensee Barbara , Morgenstern Matthis 
Published: October 2012

Aims: To assess the association between seeing smoking in a movie and adolescent and adult smokers’ attitude towards smoking and intention to quit. Methods: A natural experiment was conducted in a multiplex cinema. We conducted exit interviews with 4,073 movie patrons, of whom 645 (16 %) were smokers. Eleven per cent (n = 69) of the smokers were aged 14 to 17 years old. Subjects had exited 26 movies, of which 12 (46 %) contained smoking. We used multilevel mixed-effects linear regression to assess the effects of (a) exposure to movie smoking (yes vs. no), and (b) age (adolescent vs. adult smokers) on general attitude towards smoking and intention to quit smoking within the next 6 months (both scales ranged 0 – 10). Results: Smokers who saw a movie with smoking had more favourable attitudes towards smoking than those seeing a movie without smoking (p = 0.004). A significant interaction between age group and movie smoking indicated that this difference was more pronounced in adolescent smokers (p = 0.035). No significant differences were found for intentions to quit smoking. Conclusions: Study results suggest that smoking in the movies may influence young smokers to have a more favorable attitude towards smoking.
Zusammenhang zwischen verschiedenen Glücksspielformen und glücksspielassoziierten Problemen
Authors: Haß Wolfgang , Orth Boris , Lang Peter 
Published: October 2012

Fragestellung: Anhand der Daten aus drei in den Jahren 2007, 2009 und 2011 durchgeführten Repräsentativbefragungen zum Glücksspielverhalten der 16- bis 65-jährigen Bevölkerung in Deutschland werden Zusammenhänge zwischen der Nutzung einzelner Glücksspiele, der Glücksspielgesamtaktivität und dem Auftreten von glücksspielassoziierten Problemen untersucht. Methodik: Erhebung der Teilnahme an den verbreitetsten Glücksspielformen in Deutschland in den zurückliegenden 12 Monaten per Telefonbefragung (CATI), standardisierte Instrumente: South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) zum Screening auf Glücksspielsucht, bi- und multivariate logistische Regressionsanalysen, abhängige Variable: Problemspielverhalten (problematische oder pathologische Ausprägung nach SOGS). Ergebnisse: Problemspieler geben im Vergleich zu problemfreien Glücksspielern bei den meisten Glücksspielen (außer Lotterien) erheblich häufiger an, diese in den zurückliegenden 12 Monaten gespielt zu haben. Zudem weisen sie eine höhere Glücksspielanzahl (GSA) auf, haben also mehr verschiedene Glücksspiele genutzt. Die höchsten Problemspieleranteile finden sich unter Befragten, die Casinospiele im Internet, das kleine Spiel in der Spielbank, Geldspielautomaten in Spielhallen, Gaststätten etc., Sportwetten privater Anbieter, das große Spiel oder Keno angegeben haben (Anteile in abnehmender Reihenfolge: 11,7 % bis 6,5 %). Entsprechend ergeben sich bei diesen Glücksspielen in bivariaten Regressionsanalysen in annähernd gleicher Reihenfolge auch die höchsten Risiken für Problemspielverhalten. Wird zusätzlich die GSA statistisch kontrolliert, reduzieren sich die Risiken zwar deutlich, bleiben aber bei den genannten Glücksspielen (Ausnahme: großes Spiel) signifikant. Auch bei simultaner Betrachtung aller Glücksspiele im multivariaten Modell, womit zusätzlich die individuelle Spieleauswahl berücksichtigt wird, ergeben sich die höchsten Risiken für Geldspielautomaten, gefolgt von Casinospielen im Internet (Odds Ratios 4,77 bzw. 3,75). Vergleichsweise niedrige Risiken finden sich dagegen, modellunabhängig, für die Lotterien. Schlussfolgerungen: Aufgrund des häufig multiplen Spielverhaltens von Problemspielern sollte bei der Analyse von Zusammenhängen zwischen dem Auftreten problematischen Spielverhaltens und der Nutzung einzelner Glücksspielformen die Glücksspielgesamtaktivität einbezogen werden. Regulierungs- und Präventionsmaßnahmen erscheinen den Analysen zufolge insbesondere in Hinsicht auf Geldspielautomaten und Casinospiele im Internet indiziert.
High spatial resolution studies of epithermal neutron emission from the lunar poles: Constraints on hydrogen mobility
Authors: Boynton W. V. , Droege G. F. , Mitrofanov I. G. , McClanahan T. P. , Sanin A. B. , Litvak M. L. , Schaffner M. , Chin G. , Evans L. G. , Garvin J. B. , Harshman K. , Malakhov A. , Milikh G. , Sagdeev R. , Starr R. 
Published: October 2012

The data from the collimated sensors of the LEND instrument are shown to be of exceptionally high quality. Counting uncertainties are about 0.3% relative and are shown to be the only significant source of random error, thus conclusions based on small differences in count rates are valid. By comparison with the topography of Shoemaker crater, the spatial resolution of the instrument is shown to be consistent with the design value of 5 km for the radius of the circle over which half the counts from the lunar surface would be determined. The observed epithermal‐neutron suppression factor due to the hydrogen deposit in Shoemaker crater of 0.25 ± 0.04 cps is consistent with the collimated field‐of‐view rate of 1.7 cps estimated by Mitrofanov et al. (2010a). The statistical significance of the neutron suppressed regions (NSRs) relative to the larger surrounding polar region is demonstrated, and it is shown that they are not closely related to the permanently shadowed regions. There is a significant increase in H content in the polar regions independent of the H content of the NSRs. The non‐NSR H content increases directly with latitude, and the rate of increase is virtually identical at both poles. There is little or no increase with latitude outside the polar region. Various mechanisms to explain this steep increase in the non‐NSR polar H with latitude are investigated, and it is suggested that thermal volatilization is responsible for the increase because it is minimized at the low surface temperatures close to the poles.
Comparisons of dynamic triggering near Beijing, China following recent large earthquakes in Sumatra
Authors: Wu Jing , Peng Zhigang , Wang Weijun , Gong Xuan , Chen Qifu , Wu Chunquan 
Published: October 2012

Dynamic triggering around the Fangshan Pluton near Beijing is repeatedly identified. Here we report clear triggered events in this region during the surface waves of the 2012 Mw8.6 Sumatra earthquake. However, we do not find any triggered events during the G2 waves of the Mw8.6 event, and the surface waves of the Mw8.2 Sumatra earthquake that occurred two hours later. The peak ground velocities of the 2012 Mw8.2 event are around the apparent triggering threshold of 0.1–0.2 cm/s in this region. Hence, the fact that this event did not trigger does not require an influence of elapsed time since last trigger (the Mw8.6 mainshock), but is consistent with it. The lack of triggering during the G2 wave of the 2012 Mw8.6 mainshock may be caused by relatively weak surface‐wave signals in the intermediate period of 100–10 s.
Ultrasmall radial polarizer array based on patterned plasmonic nanoslits
Authors: Iwami Kentaro , Ishii Miho , Kuramochi Yuzuru , Ida Kenichi , Umeda Norihiro 
Published: October 2012

We developed an ultrasmall radial or azimuthal polarization converter of size ranged from 10 to 100 μm. The converter consists of a half-wave plate divided into four quadrants, each of which is made of periodic gold nanoslits at different orientations in steps of 45°. The converter and its array were fabricated and followed by an evaluation with the Sénarmont method and the polarization microscopy. Due to the giant birefringence of the gold nanoslits, each slit segment achieved 180° retardation at the wavelength of 633 nm, and the conversion from linear to radial polarization was demonstrated.
EARLY SCIENCE WITH THE KOREAN VLBI NETWORK: THE QCAL-1 43 GHz CALIBRATOR SURVEY
Authors: Petrov Leonid , Lee Sang-Sung , Kim Jongsoo , Jung Taehyun , Oh Junghwan , Sohn Bong Won , Byun Do-Young , Chung Moon-Hee , Je Do-Heung , Wi Seog-Oh , Song Min-Gyu , Kang Jiman , Han Seog-Tae , Lee Jung-Won , Kim Bong Gyu , Chung Hyunsoo , Kim Hyun-Goo 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT
This paper presents the catalog of correlated flux densities in three ranges of baseline projection lengths of 637 sources from a 43 GHz (Q band) survey observed with the Korean VLBI Network. Of them, 14 objects used as calibrators were previously observed, but 623 sources have not been observed before in the Q band with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). The goal of this work in the early science phase of the new VLBI array is twofold: to evaluate the performance of the new instrument that operates in a frequency range of 22–129 GHz and to build a list of objects that can be used as targets and as calibrators. We have observed the list of 799 target sources with declinations down to −40°. Among them, 724 were observed before with VLBI at 22 GHz and had correlated flux densities greater than 200 mJy. The overall detection rate is 78%. The detection limit, defined as the minimum flux density for a source to be detected with 90% probability in a single observation, was in the range of 115–180 mJy depending on declination. However, some sources as weak as 70 mJy have been detected. Of 623 detected sources, 33 objects are detected for the first time in VLBI mode. We determined their coordinates with a median formal uncertainty of 20 mas. The results of this work set the basis for future efforts to build the complete flux-limited sample of extragalactic sources at frequencies of 22 GHz and higher at 3/4 of the celestial sphere.
Multiferroic properties of Ba2+ and Gd3+ co-doped bismuth ferrite: magnetic, ferroelectric and impedance spectroscopic analysis
Authors: Das Rajasree , Sarkar Tanushree , Mandal K 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Enhanced magnetoelectric coupling is observed in bismuth ferrite samples, co-doped with non-magnetic Ba and magnetic Gd ions replacing Bi and Fe, respectively. Distortion in Fe–O octahedra has a significant effect on the magnetic properties of the samples. Ferromagnetic signature is found to increase significantly in the co-doped samples with respect to the only-Gd-doped sample both at 80 and 300 K. The co-doped samples show enhanced electric polarization as well as the highest resistivity at room temperature, which might be due to the reduction in the leakage current and oxygen vacancy in the compositions. An interesting correlation between the antiferromagnetic Néel temperature (T
N) of bismuth ferrite and the temperature-dependent dielectric constant is observed in all samples. Bi0.9Ba0.1Fe0.95Gd0.05O3 ceramic possesses maximum coupling between electric dipole and magnetic dipole with an estimated magnetodielectric effect MD ([ε
r(H) − ε
r (0)]/ε
r (0)) ∼ 380 at an applied field of 6 kOe. Impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 40–107 Hz and temperature within 30–300 °C suggests that grain relaxation is dominant in the samples. Electrical parameters (such as capacitance and resistance) of the grains are determined using the real and imaginary parts of impedance (Z′ and Z″) and the electrical modulus (M′ and M″) plot. The results of electrical conductivity indicate a correlated barrier hopping conduction mechanism in the samples.
Strain-modulated magnetocapacitance of vertical ferroelectric–ferromagnetic nanocomposite heteroepitaxial films
Authors: Wu Huaping , Xu Bin , Liu Aiping , Chai Guozhong 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The strain-mediated magnetocapacitance (MC) of 1–3-type vertical ferroelectric–ferromagnetic nanocomposite films epitaxially grown on different cubic substrates is theoretically calculated using the nonlinear thermodynamic theory combined with elastic theory. The dependences of relative dielectric constant and strain sensitivity of permittivity for the ferroelectric film on the in-plane and out-of-plane misfit strains are obtained. Our results show that the MC effect strongly depends on the in-plane misfit strain and ferromagnetic volume fraction in the nanocomposite films. The calculated MC for the BaTiO3–CoFe2O4 nanocomposite film grown on the SrTiO3 substrate is consistent with the experimental result. Furthermore, a giant MC, which is enhanced by 1–2 orders of magnitude than those reported in experiments, can be obtained for the BaTiO3–CoFe2O4 system grown on the MgO substrate near the transition from the aa-phase to the r-phase. Our result provides a new method for the design of multiferroic nanocomposites with colossal MC effect by optimizing the ferromagnetic phase and substrate types to realize their applications in magnetic-field-controlled electric devices, such as magneto-oscillators, magnetovaractors and magnetoelectric sensors.
An ab initio molecular dynamics study: liquid-Al/solid-TiB2 interfacial structure during heterogeneous nucleation
Authors: Zhang H L , Han Y F , Dai Y B , Wang J , Sun B D 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The structural properties of the liquid/solid interface between a TiB2 substrate and Al melts during a nucleation process are investigated using ab initio molecular dynamics simulation at 2 K undercoolings. Different ordered structures are formed on the interfaces with different terminations of TiB2 (0 0 0 1) surface, which determines the nucleant potency of TiB2 particles. It is found that five Al layers stacking like fcc-Al (1 1 1) planes on the Ti-terminated surface naturally extend into the liquid region, which is helpful in effective heterogeneous nucleation. In contrast, the heterogeneous nucleation of α-Al on the B-terminated surface is frustrated by both the AlB2-like structure formed within the first Al layer and the area with sparse Al atoms between the localized Al layer and liquid regions. An evaluation factor based on the Z-directional projection is proposed to quantitatively characterize the in-plane ordering, which could draw a clear boundary between the quasi-solid region and the liquid phase in the liquid/solid interface system.
Preparation and thermoelectric properties of sintered n-type K8M8Sn38 (M = Al, Ga and In) with the type-I clathrate structure
Authors: Hayashi M , Kishimoto K , Akai K , Asada H , Kishio K , Koyanagi T 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The maximum dimensionless figures-of-merit ZT
max were 0.13 at 410 K for K8Al8Sn38, 0.25 at 440 K for K8Ga8Sn38 and 0.21 at 420 K for K8In8Sn38, where their room temperature (RT) mobilities were 4.1 cm2 V−1 s−1, 31.0 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 9.8 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, their RT effective masses were 4.3, 1.8 and 3.2 m
e, respectively, and their RT lattice thermal conductivities were 12 mW cm−1 K−1, 14 mW cm−1 K−1 and 13 mW cm−1 K−1, respectively. The analysis of the measured transport properties suggested that these samples suffered from grain boundary scattering at lower temperatures and from alloy disorder scattering and acoustic phonon scattering at higher temperatures. In particular, such a low mobility of the K8Al8Sn38 sample was considered to be caused by strong alloy disorder scattering. Band structure calculations demonstrated that, in order of K8Ga8Sn38, K8In8Sn38 and K8Al8Sn38, their conduction band edges were sharper and their band structures near the gaps were more similar to that of K8Sn46. These features were well consistent with their measured effective masses and mobilities.
Diffusion of Si and C atoms on and between graphene layers
Authors: Xian Lede , Chou M Y 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The growth of epitaxial graphene on SiC surfaces is accompanied by the evaporation of Si atoms during the growth process. The continuous loss of Si atoms takes place even after the surface graphene layers are formed. Understanding the atomic transport process involved is critical in establishing a growth mechanism to model and control the process. Using density functional theory, we have calculated the potential energy variation and studied the diffusion of Si and C atoms on a single layer of graphene and between graphene sheets. Our results show that Si atoms can move almost freely on graphene and between graphene layers, while C atoms have much larger diffusion barriers. This work provides a detailed description of the energetics of relevant processes in the growth of epitaxial graphene on SiC surfaces.
Prologue
Authors: Gooptu Suparna 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Cornelia Sorabji was the first woman to study law in Oxford, the second Indian woman barrister, and among the first Indian women to practise at the Calcutta High Court, to be appointed to a senior bureaucratic office under the British government, and to protect the interests of the purdahnashins. To strike a balance between her pioneering role as a lawyer and her individualism, and political and social conservatism, a personality like Cornelia needed supportive emotional anchors in her life, with whom she could share her ‘unconventionality’ and consequent isolation. Her personal relationship with Harrison Falkner Blair and Elena Rathbone may make one ponder as to why she chose to remain single, although she had a romantic idea of marriage and thought it to be a source of strength and sustenance. The irony of Cornelia's life was that she failed to see any legitimacy in the democratic and nationalist aspirations of the Indian people.
The Oxford Days: 1889–93
Authors: Gooptu Suparna 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This chapter first addresses the entry of women into higher education and professions in England. It specifically deals with Cornelia Sorabji in Somerville Hall, Oxford. When she joined Somerville Hall, she was not sure what course she would pursue. Her Oxford experience proved to be crucial in making her what she was to become. She also did become the first woman to study for the BCL at Oxford, a major landmark in the history of women's entry into higher education. Oxford treated Cornelia as an ‘exception’. She had the privilege of being inducted into the Oxford elite circle from her initial days at the university, and she took pride in this fact. The patronage that Cornelia received at Oxford was largely because of its multiple involvements with the sustenance of the Empire. Moreover, her response to the male bias in Oxford is revealed. Additionally, it covers the new Toryism, authoritarian liberalism and faith in the Empire. Once Cornelia had completed her studies in Oxford, life appeared to be more difficult than she expected.
In Colonial Bureaucracy
Authors: Gooptu Suparna 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This chapter first provides a discussion on legal help to the purdahnashins and extensions of the authority of the Empire. Cornelia Sorabji's duties as the lady legal adviser to the court of wards comprised legal as well as non-legal functions. An important implication of her role as an intermediary between the government and her wards was the extension of imperial authority to the court of wards' estates. It also addresses Cornelia and the purdahnashins of Bengal. It then deals with Cornelia's imagined sisterhood of purdahnashins. Working with the purdahnashins, she developed a deep admiration for them. The English women and the purdahnashins of Bengal are reported. In general, Cornelia's work in colonial bureaucracy clearly reveals how, being a pioneer, she too had to convince the authorities of the value and worth of her work, and fight for its proper recognition, in vain.
At the Calcutta High Court
Authors: Gooptu Suparna 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This chapter begins by considering Cornelia Sorabji as she fights male bias in the legal profession. She became a victim of the reluctance of the Calcutta Bar to enlarge its membership, though in theory, it was a time when the Bar, hitherto based on the exclusive privileges of a few, was undergoing a crucial transformation. Her determination to undo the predominant gender discrimination in society and pave the way for the next generation of women, for a new professional life, encouraged her to keep her spirits high even in her most despondent moments. In the profession, Cornelia also had to fight the ‘old boys' network’ among British and Indian men, which largely determined success in the legal profession. Moreover, the issue of professional morality is explained. Furthermore, her sources of emotional sustenance in professional life are shown.
The Bengal League of Social Service for Women, Katherine Mayo and Cornelia
Authors: Gooptu Suparna 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
While engaged in the struggle to establish herself in the legal profession at Calcutta High Court, Cornelia Sorabji did not forsake her connection and association with the purdahnashins. She helped with the drafting of the National Council of Women of India's (NCWI) constitution and rendered a significant service in implementing its programme. Cornelia's desire for social service remained unfulfilled in many ways. This was partly because of her association with the book Mother India by Katherine Mayo, which provoked deep nationalist resentment and was widely condemned as a ‘remarkably wicked book slandering the whole Indian people...’. Cornelia shared many of Mayo's perceptions on issues relating to women, children, and animals in India. Cornelia's Bengal League of Social Service for Women became a victim of the nationalist tirade against her. The tension between Cornelia's political vision and that of the nationalists in twentieth-century India, and the process of her political marginalization, ultimately deprived her of the space she had striven so hard to create by working amongst the purdahnashins.
The Political Self
Authors: Gooptu Suparna 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Cornelia Sorabji's political thinking had an important bearing on her life and work. The most distinguishing aspect of her political self was her implicit faith in the British Empire. In defending the traditional order in India, Cornelia was influenced by another strand in the British political thinking of the mid-Victorian era, which came to represent the conservative face of liberalism. The critic of Indian nationalist politics is explored. In addition, it explains the propagandist of the Empire and Hindu orthodoxy. Generally speaking, she remained an isolated figure in India's contemporary political scenario.
A Moral Reckoning
Authors: Hasan Mushirul 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
While many books have been written about India's Muslim intellectuals such as Muhammad Husain Azad (1830-1910), Muhammad Zakaullah (1832–1910), Nazir Ahmad (1836–1912), Sayyid Ahmad Khan (1817–1898), Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib (1797–1869), and Khwaja Altaf Husain Hali (1837–1914), little is known about their lives, theories, and activities or their attitudes and behaviour towards one another, their own reappraisal of culture and identity, their responses to the onset of British rule, and their experience of living through the 1857 Rebellion. This book analyses the different views permeating some sections of Muslim intellectuals in India during the second half of the nineteenth century. While some aspects of doctrinal Islam played a part in shaping these intellectuals' conceptual world, the Shariat or Islamic law did not inform their world-view. This book contains chapters on India in transition, the secular and the sacred, religion, religious pluralism, Nazir Ahmad's interpretation of Islam and modernism, and Muhammad Zakaullah's views on history, identity, and faith.