bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new framework for interleaved scanning in cardiovascular MR: Application to image‐based respiratory motion correction in coronary MR angiography
Authors: Henningsson Markus , Mens Giel , Koken Peter , Smink Jouke , Botnar Rene M. 
Published: March 2014

PurposeTo describe a new framework for interleaving scans and demonstrate its usefulness for image‐based respiratory motion correction in whole heart coronary MR angiography (CMRA).MethodsScan interleaving using the proposed approach was achieved by switching between separately defined, independent scans at arbitrary time points during their execution, using a generic function call. The scan interleaving framework was used to perform scan interleaving for image‐based respiratory navigation of CMRA with spiral, radial, and Cartesian echo‐planar imaging (EPI) navigator k‐space trajectories. Eight healthy volunteers were scanned.ResultsImproved coronary vessel sharpness and visual scores were obtained using spiral and Cartesian EPI navigators compared with radial navigators.ConclusionThe usefulness of the proposed scan interleaving framework was demonstrated for image‐based respiratory motion correction. It facilitated more direct comparisons of image navigator acquisitions with different k‐space trajectories. Furthermore, we could demonstrate that spiral and Cartesian EPI navigators may be particularly suitable for image‐based motion correction, as they provide improved motion correction and high navigator apparent signal‐to‐noise ratio while spending very little magnetization, thereby minimizing saturation effects. Magn Reson Med 73:692–696, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lixisenatide (Lyxumia): new GLP‐1 mimetic for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chaplin Steve 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLixisenatide is a new GLP‐1 mimetic for use in type 2 diabetes with oral agents and/or insulin. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the data relating to its efficacy and adverse events, and Dr Frank Joseph discusses its place in therapy.
Topological phases of silicene and germanene in an external magnetic field: Quantitative results
Authors: Singh N. , Schwingenschlögl U. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe investigate the topological phases of silicene and germanene that arise due to the strong spin–orbit interaction in an external perpendicular magnetic field. Below and above a critical field of 10 T, respectively, we demonstrate for silicene under 3% tensile strain quantum spin Hall and quantum anomalous Hall phases. Not far above the critical field, and therefore in the experimentally accessible regime, we obtain an energy gap in the meV range, which shows that the quantum anomalous Hall phase can be realized experimentally in silicene, in contrast to graphene (tiny energy gap) and germanene (enormous field required). (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bioventing of No. 2 Fuel Oil: Effects of Air Flowrate, Temperature, Nutrient Amendment, and Acclimation
Authors: King Margaret M. , Kinner Nancy E. , Deming Diana P. , Simonton Julie A. , Belden Laura M. 
Published: March 2014

A 14‐month pilot‐scale bioventing study, sponsored by the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, was conducted by the University of New Hampshire to determine the effects of the time between the contamination event and the onset of bioventing, as well as air flowrate, temperature, and nutrient amendments. Freshly contaminated soil was not readily amenable to bioventing. Bioventing was effective (82–92.5 percent removal) for acclimated soil amended with nutrients at 10 °C and 20 °C for the 275 cm3/min and 140 cm3/min air flowrates, respectively. First order degradation rates after nutrient addition were −6.11 ± 0.83 (×10−3)/day and −6.57 ± 1.71 (×10−3)/day, respectively. The results indicate that bioventing will be best applied when the contamination has occurred at least two years before the onset of treatment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mitigation of peer‐to‐peer overlay attacks in the automatic metering infrastructure of smart grids
Authors: Rottondi Cristina , Savi Marco , Verticale Giacomo , Krauß Christoph 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMeasurements gathered by smart metres and collected through the automatic metering infrastructure of smart grids can be accessed by numerous external subjects for different purposes, ranging from billing to grid monitoring. Therefore, to prevent the disclosure of personal information through the analysis of energy consumption patterns, the metering data must be securely handled. Peer‐to‐peer networking is a promising approach for interconnecting communication nodes among the automatic metering infrastructure to efficiently perform data collection while ensuring privacy and confidentiality, but it is also prone to various security attacks. This paper discusses the impact of the most relevant peer‐to‐peer attack scenarios on the performance of a protocol for privacy preserving aggregation of metering data. The protocol relies on communication gateways located in the customers’ households and interconnected by means of a variant of the Chord overlay. We also propose some countermeasures to mitigate the effects of such attacks: we integrate a verifiable secret sharing scheme based on Pedersen commitments in the aggregation protocol, which ensures data integrity, with compliance checks aimed at identifying the injection of altered measurements. Moreover, we introduce Chord auxiliary routing tables to counteract the routing pollution performed by dishonest nodes. The paper evaluates the computational complexity and effectiveness of the proposed solutions through analytical and numerical results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Function of DNA methyltransferase 3a in lead (Pb2+)‐Induced Cyclooxygenase‐2 gene
Authors: Tsai Yao‐Ting , Chang Che‐Mai , Wang Jaw‐Yuan , Hou Ming‐Feng , Wang Ju‐Ming , Shiurba Robert , Chang Wen‐Chang , Chang Wei‐Chiao 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTLead ions (Pb2+) are toxic industrial pollutants associated with chronic inflammatory diseases in humans and animals. Previously, we found that Pb2+ ions induce COX‐2 gene expression via the EGF receptor/nuclear factor‐κB signal transduction pathway in epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431. In this study, to see whether Pb2+ ions affect COX‐2 expression by epigenetic mechanisms, we looked at the mRNAs of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) using real‐time PCR of total RNA from these cells. Cells exposed to Pb2+ had low levels of DNMT3a mRNA, whereas the levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3b mRNAs remained unchanged. Pretreatment of cells with DNMT inhibitor 5‐aza‐2'‐deoxycytidine (5 μM) followed by Pb2+ (1 μM) significantly increased levels of COX‐2 mRNA compared with cells treated with Pb2+ alone. Overexpression of tumor suppressor gene Rb correlated with an increase in COX‐2 mRNA and a decrease in DNMT3a mRNA. Conversely, overexpression of transcription factor E2F1 correlated with a decrease in COX‐2 mRNA and an increase in DMNT3a mRNA. Pretreatment with EGFR inhibitors AG1478 and PD153035 significantly limited Pb2+‐induced reduction in DNMT3a mRNA. In addition, gene knockdown of DNMT3a with short hairpin RNA correlated with increased COX‐2 mRNA induced by Pb2+. Our findings suggest Pb2+ ions induce COX‐2 expression indirectly by reducing DNMT3a methylation of the COX‐2 promoter via transcription factors Rb and E2F1. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 1024–1032, 2015.
Influence of equipment and settings on myocardial performance index repeatability and definition of settings to achieve optimal reproducibility
Authors: Lobmaier S. M. , Cruz‐Lemini M. , Valenzuela‐Alcaraz B. , Ortiz J. U. , Martinez J. M. , Gratacos E. , Crispi F. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare left myocardial performance index (MPI) values and reproducibility using different settings and ultrasound equipment in order to standardize optimal machine settings.MethodsLeft MPI was prospectively evaluated by one observer performing conventional Doppler in 62 fetuses (28–36 weeks of gestational age) using different settings (changing sweep speed, gain and wall motion filter (WMF)) and two different ultrasound devices (Siemens Antares, Siemens; Voluson 730 Expert, GE Medical Systems). Intraclass coefficients of agreement (ICCs) were calculated using Bland–Altman analysis.ResultsUsing baseline settings on the Siemens, mean (SD) MPI was 0.44 (0.05) with an ICC of 0.81. Decreasing the sweep speed resulted in decreasing average MPI values (0.43) and decreasing ICC (0.61). Lowering gain also influenced average MPI values (0.46) and ICC (0.76). Raising gain resulted in similar MPI values (0.45) with better ICC (0.90) compared with baseline settings. Raising wall motion filter (WMF) provided the best ICC (0.94) compared with the other settings. Changing the ultrasound equipment resulted in an ICC of 0.64. The optimal settings to achieve the highest reproducibility in measurement of MPI were sweep speed 8, gain 60 dB and WMF 281 Hz for Siemens Antares and sweep speed 5, gain −10 dB and WMF 210 Hz for Voluson 730 Expert.ConclusionChanging ultrasound settings or equipment may affect the calculation and repeatability of measurement of MPI values. Strict standardization of methods decreases the variability of this parameter for fetal cardiac function assessment. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Trailing edge noise reduction of wind turbine blades by active flow control
Authors: Wolf Alexander , Lutz Thorsten , Würz Werner , Krämer Ewald , Stalnov Oksana , Seifert Avraham 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn the current study, we investigate a route to reduction of the turbulent boundary layer–trailing edge interaction noise. The trailing edge noise is generated by surface pressure fluctuations beneath a turbulent boundary and scattered at the trailing edge of wind turbine blades. Trailing edge noise is considered to be the dominant noise source of modern wind turbines. Therefore, efforts are constantly made to attenuate the noise. Today, noise emission can be reduced by proper airfoil design or passive devices, such as trailing edge serrations. A further improved candidate technology for trailing edge noise attenuation is active flow control in the form of wall‐normal suction. With active flow control, the boundary layer features responsible for trailing edge noise generation can be manipulated, and correspondingly the trailing edge noise can be reduced. Detailed experimental investigations were performed at the Universities of Tel‐Aviv and Stuttgart. The tests showed that steady wall‐normal suction has a positive effect on the trailing edge noise by reducing the boundary layer thickness, and with it the integral length scales of the eddies within the boundary layer. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of experimentally‐induced maternal hypothyroidism on crucial offspring rat brain enzyme activities
Authors: Koromilas Christos , Liapi Charis , Zarros Apostolos , Stolakis Vasileios , Tsagianni Anastasia , Skandali Nikolina , Al‐Humadi Hussam , Tsakiris Stylianos 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHypothyroidism is known to exert significant structural and functional changes to the developing central nervous system, and can lead to the establishment of serious mental retardation and neurological problems. The aim of the present study was to shed more light on the effects of gestational and/or lactational maternal exposure to propylthiouracil‐induced experimental hypothyroidism on crucial brain enzyme activities of Wistar rat offspring, at two time‐points of their lives: at birth (day‐1) and at 21 days of age (end of lactation). Under all studied experimental conditions, offspring brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was found to be significantly decreased due to maternal hypothyroidism, in contrast to the two studied adenosinetriphosphatase (Na+,K+‐ATPase and Mg2+‐ATPase) activities that were only found to be significantly altered right after birth (increased and decreased, respectively, following an exposure to gestational maternal hypothyroidism) and were restored to control levels by the end of lactation. As our findings regarding the pattern of effects that maternal hypothyroidism has on the above‐mentioned crucial offspring brain enzyme activities are compared to those reported in the literature, several differences are revealed that could be attributed to both the mode of the experimental simulation approach followed as well as to the time‐frames examined. These findings could provide the basis for a debate on the need of a more consistent experimental approach to hypothyroidism during neurodevelopment as well as for a further evaluation of the herein presented and discussed neurochemical (and, ultimately, neurodevelopmental) effects of experimentally‐induced maternal hypothyroidism, in a brain region‐specific manner.
On the laminar–turbulent transition of the rotating-disk flow: the role of absolute instability
Authors: Imayama Shintaro , Alfredsson P. Henrik , Lingwood R. J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper describes a detailed experimental study using hot-wire anemometry of the laminar–turbulent transition region of a rotating-disk boundary-layer flow without any imposed excitation of the boundary layer. The measured data are separated into stationary and unsteady disturbance fields in order to elaborate on the roles that the stationary and the travelling modes have in the transition process. We show the onset of nonlinearity consistently at Reynolds numbers, $R$, of $\sim $510, i.e. at the onset of Lingwood’s (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 299, 1995, pp. 17–33) local absolute instability, and the growth of stationary vortices saturates at a Reynolds number of $\sim $550. The nonlinear saturation and subsequent turbulent breakdown of individual stationary vortices independently of their amplitudes, which vary azimuthally, seem to be determined by well-defined Reynolds numbers. We identify unstable travelling disturbances in our power spectra, which continue to grow, saturating at around $R=585$, whereupon turbulent breakdown of the boundary layer ensues. The nonlinear saturation amplitude of the total disturbance field is approximately constant for all considered cases, i.e. different rotation rates and edge Reynolds numbers. We also identify a travelling secondary instability. Our results suggest that it is the travelling disturbances that are fundamentally important to the transition to turbulence for a clean disk, rather than the stationary vortices. Here, the results appear to show a primary nonlinear steep-fronted (travelling) global mode at the boundary between the local convectively and absolutely unstable regions, which develops nonlinearly interacting with the stationary vortices and which saturates and is unstable to a secondary instability. This leads to a rapid transition to turbulence outward of the primary front from approximately $R=565$ to 590 and to a fully turbulent boundary layer above 650.
Newton's Laws of Motion Based Substantial Aether Theory of the Universal Gravity Force
Authors: Lin T.-W. , Lin H. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTEven though the universal gravity force has been formulated and used for more than three hundred years, the cause of the universal gravity force has not been fully understood. This paper proposes a substantial aether model to derive universal gravity force based on Newton's laws of motion and Bernoulli's equation. The authors suggest that every aether particle has a mass and occupies a volume in space. Every aether particle has translational movement and particle spin movement. The particle spin movement does not produce the universal gravity force. The translational movement is similar to the gas particle moving in the air and produces aether pressure. The difference of aether pressure generates an aether flow velocity. The difference of aether flow velocities creates a pressure difference according to Bernoulli's equation. The summation of aether pressure difference around an object is shown to be the universal gravity force. A detailed derivation of universal gravity force from the proposed substantial aether model is presented in this paper to show the validation of this model.
Measuring the difference between actual and reported food intakes in the context of energy balance under laboratory conditions
Authors: Stubbs R. James , O'Reilly Leona M. , Whybrow Stephen , Fuller Zoë , Johnstone Alexandra M. , Livingstone M. Barbara E. , Ritz Patrick , Horgan Graham W. 
Published: March 2014

To date, no study has directly and simultaneously measured the discrepancy between what people actually eat and what they report eating under observation in the context of energy balance (EB). The present study aimed to objectively measure the ‘extent’ and ‘nature’ of misreporting of dietary intakes under conditions in which EB and feeding behaviour were continuously monitored. For this purpose, a total of fifty-nine adults were recruited for 12 d, involving two 3 d overt phases and two 3 d covert phases of food intake measurement in a randomised cross-over design. Subjects hadad libitumaccess to a variety of familiar foods. Food intake was covertly measured using a feeding behaviour suite to establish actual energy and nutrient intakes. During the overt phases, subjects were instructed to self-report food intake using widely accepted methods. Misreporting comprised two separate and synchronous phenomena. Subjects decreased energy intake (EI) when asked to record their food intake (observation effect). The effect was significant in women ( − 8 %,P< 0·001) but not in men ( − 3 %,P< 0·277). The reported EI was 5 to 21 % lower (reporting effect) than the actual intake, depending on the reporting method used. Semi-quantitative techniques gave larger discrepancies. These discrepancies were identical in men and women and non-macronutrient specific. The ‘observation’ and ‘reporting’ effects combined to constitute total misreporting, which ranged from 10 to 25 %, depending on the intake measurement assessed. When studied in a laboratory environment and EB was closely monitored, subjects under-reported their food intake and decreased the actual intake when they were aware that their intake was being monitored.
Inverse Semigroup C*-Algebras Associated with Left Cancellative Semigroups
Authors: Norling Magnus Dahler 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTo each discrete left cancellative semigroup S one may associate an inverse semigroup Il(S), often called the left inverse hull of S. We show how the full and reduced C*-algebras of Il(S) are related to the full and reduced semigroup C*-algebras for S, recently introduced by Li, and give conditions ensuring that these algebras are isomorphic. Our picture provides an enhanced understanding of Li's algebras.
Chinese biobanks: present and future
Authors: CHENG LE , SHI CHUAN , WANG XIAN , LI QIYUAN , WAN QIAN , YAN ZHIXIANG , ZHANG YONG 
Published: March 2014

SummaryAs the demands of scientific research and application for specimens increase rapidly, biobanks in China have been springing up over the recent years. This paper summarizes Chinese biobanks through investigation and survey on operative, managerial, ethical conditions and challenges of biobanks. At present, hospitals and research institutes in China set up and operate most of the biobanks, collecting human specimens to support clinical and scientific research. With the development of bio-industry and arrival of the big data era, biobanks need not only collect and store human and non-human specimens but also to manage the big data associated with these specimens.
A sustained hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response to acute psychosocial stress in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Kennedy P. J. , Cryan J. F. , Quigley E. M. M. , Dinan T. G. , Clarke G. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundDespite stress being considered a key factor in the pathophysiology of the functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), there is a paucity of information regarding the ability of IBS patients to respond to acute experimental stress. Insights into the stress response in IBS could open the way to novel therapeutic interventions. To this end, we assessed the response of a range of physiological and psychological parameters to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in IBS.MethodThirteen female patients with IBS and 15 healthy female age-matched control participants underwent a single exposure to the TSST. Salivary cortisol, salivary C-reactive protein (CRP), skin conductance level (SCL), GI symptoms, mood and self-reported stress were measured pre- and post-exposure to the TSST.ResultsThe hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis response to the TSST was sustained in IBS, as shown by a greater total cortisol output throughout (p = 0.035) and higher cortisol levels measured by an area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCG) analysis (p = 0.044). In IBS patients, GI symptoms increased significantly during the recovery period following exposure to the TSST (p = 0.045). Salivary CRP and SCL activity showed significant changes in relation to stress but with no differential effect between experimental groups.ConclusionsPatients with IBS exhibit sustained HPA axis activity, and an increase in problematic GI symptoms in response to acute experimental psychosocial stress. These data pave the way for future interventional studies aimed at identifying novel therapeutic approaches to modulate the HPA axis and GI symptom response to acute psychosocial stress in IBS.
Isolating stereotypical gender in a grammatical gender language: Evidence from eye movements
Authors: REALI CHIARA , ESAULOVA YULIA , VON STOCKHAUSEN LISA 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe present study investigates the effects of stereotypical gender during anaphor resolution in German. The study aims at isolating the effects of gender-stereotypical cues from the effects of grammatical gender. Experiment 1 employs descriptions of typically male, female, and neutral occupations that contain no grammatical cue to the referent gender, followed by a masculine or feminine role noun, in a reaction time priming paradigm. Experiment 2 uses eye-tracking methodology to examine how the gender typicality of these descriptions affects the resolution of a matching or mismatching anaphoric pronoun. Results show a mismatch effect manifest at very early stages of processing. Both experiments also reveal asymmetries in the processing of the two genders suggesting that the representation of female rather than male referents is more flexible in counterstereotypical contexts. No systematic relation is found between eye movements and individual gender attitude measures, whereas a reliable correlation is found with gender typicality ratings.
Core academic language skills: An expanded operational construct and a novel instrument to chart school-relevant language proficiency in preadolescent and adolescent learners
Authors: UCCELLI PAOLA , BARR CHRISTOPHER D. , DOBBS CHRISTINA L. , GALLOWAY EMILY PHILLIPS , MENESES ALEJANDRA , SÁNCHEZ EMILIO 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBeyond academic vocabulary, the constellation of skills that comprise academic language proficiency has remained imprecisely defined. This study proposes an expanded operationalization of this construct referred to as core academic language skills (CALS). CALS refers to the knowledge and deployment of a repertoire of language forms and functions that co-occur with school learning tasks across disciplines. Using an innovative instrument, we explored CALS in a cross-sectional sample of 235 students in Grades 4–8. The results revealed between- and within-grade variability in CALS. Psychometric analyses yielded strong reliability and supported the presence of a single CALS factor, which was found to be predictive of reading comprehension. Our findings suggest that the CALS construct and instrument appear promising for exploring students’ school-relevant language skills.