bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forest response to increasing typhoon activity on the Korean peninsula: evidence from oak tree‐rings
Authors: Altman Jan , Doležal Jiří , Černý Tomáš , Song Jong‐Suk 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe globally observed trend of changing intensity of tropical cyclones over the past few decades emphasizes the need for a better understanding of the effects of such disturbance events in natural and inhabited areas. On the Korean Peninsula, typhoon intensity has increased over the past 100 years as evidenced by instrumental data recorded from 1904 until present. We examined how the increase in three weather characteristics (maximum hourly and daily precipitation, and maximum wind speed) during the typhoon activity affected old‐growth oak forests. Quercus mongolica is a dominant species in the Korean mountains and the growth releases from 220 individuals from three sites along a latitudinal gradient (33–38°N) of decreasing typhoon activity were studied. Growth releases indicate tree‐stand disturbance and improved light conditions for surviving trees. The trends in release events corresponded to spatiotemporal gradients in maximum wind speed and precipitation. A high positive correlation was found between the maximum values of typhoon characteristics and the proportion of trees showing release. A higher proportion of disturbed trees was found in the middle and southern parts of the Korean peninsula where typhoons are most intense. This shows that the releases are associated with typhoons and also indicates the differential impact of typhoons on the forests. Finally, we present a record of the changing proportion of trees showing release based on tree‐rings for the period 1770–1979. The reconstruction revealed no trend during the period 1770–1879, while the rate of forest disturbances increased rapidly from 1880 to 1979. Our results suggest that if typhoon intensity rises, as is projected by some climatic models, the number of forest disturbance events will increase thus altering the disturbance regime and ecosystem processes.
Recent range shifts of European dragonflies provide support for an inverse relationship between habitat predictability and dispersal
Authors: Grewe Yannic , Hof Christian , Dehling D. Matthias , Brandl Roland , Brändle Martin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimWe compared the effects of recent shifts of northern range boundaries of odonates adapted to either lentic (standing water) or lotic (running water) habitats in Europe. Lentic species are thought to have a higher dispersal propensity than lotic species because of the lower spatial and temporal persistence of lentic habitats on average. Hence, we expected shifts in the range boundaries particularly of lentic species.LocationEurope.MethodsOur analyses are based on odonate distribution maps from two field guides that present the European ranges of dragonflies and damselflies in 1988 and 2006. We categorized species according to their preference for lentic or lotic habitats, and then assigned each species to a southern or a northern group according to the centre of its distribution. Shifts in northern range boundaries were calculated as the average distance between the 10 northernmost grid cells in 1988 and 2006. Range boundary shifts were also analysed with regard to prevalence, phenology, body size and wing size.ResultsLentic species of the southern group expanded their range boundaries on average 115 km northwards per decade, whereas lotic species of the southern group on average did not change their range boundaries. Northern lentic and lotic species showed no consistent trends in their changes in range boundaries. These results did not qualitatively change when we considered the effects of phylogeny, phenology, body size and wing size.Main conclusionsOur results support the hypothesis that species adapted to lentic habitats, which are assumed to be less persistent in time and space, disperse better than lotic species.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DQB1*06:48 allele by group‐specific sequencing
Authors: Foster L. , Tate D. , Poulton K. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryHLA‐DQB1*06:48 has single nucleotide polymorphisms within codons 70 and 62 of exon 2 (GGG>AGG and AAG>AAC) relative to HLA‐DQB1*06:02:01 and HLA‐DQB1*06:37. This results in amino acid differences (G>R and K>N) that will change the polarity and charge of the encoded antigen and may therefore affect its peptide repertoire.
A conserved HLA‐A*02:28 associated HLA haplotype, A*02:28‐B*15:11‐DRB1*09:01, restricted to Taiwanese
Authors: Yang K. L. , Lee S. K. , Lin P. Y. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryHLA‐A*02:28, found in a Korean and a Japanese, was reported independently to the IMGT/HLA database in 2003 and 2005, respectively. We report here eight Taiwanese unrelated bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell donors carrying A*02:28 detected during our routine HLA typing exercise. The probable HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐DRB1 haplotype in association with A*02:28 may be deduced from the eight marrow stem cell donor as A*02:28‐B*15:11‐DRB1*09:01. Our result suggests A*02:28‐B*15:11‐DRB1*09:01 is a conserved HLA haplotype restricted to Taiwanese.
Contribution of occupational therapists in positive behaviour support
Authors: Perez Micah , Carlson Glenys , Ziviani Jenny , Cuskelly Monica 
Published: October 2012

AimPositive behaviour support employs specific strategies which aim to both reduce the incidence of behaviours of concern and enhance the quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities. This study aims to identify activities and experiences of occupational therapists working in behaviour support contexts to understand how they see their contributions in this area.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 10 occupational therapists who have provided behaviour support for people with intellectual disabilities. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.ResultsThree major themes emerged from the interview data: contextualising and understanding behaviour; occupational therapy – why and how?; and ‘challenges, strengths and expanding horizons’.ConclusionsParticipants saw themselves as providing an occupational perspective in the delivery of behaviour support, to individuals with behaviour support needs. They highlighted that this was achieved utilising their skills and knowledge about positive behaviour support strategies. Their approaches were seen as drawing on: their understanding of neurological function and how it relates to a person's occupational engagement; combining occupationally focussed approaches with behavioural analysis methodology to guide practice; and advocating for person‐centred interventions. These observations form the basis for exploring ways in which occupational therapists can advance their contributions in positive behaviour support settings.
Sexual dysfunctions induced by stress of timed intercourse and medical treatment
Authors: Byun Jae Sang , Lyu Sang Woo , Seok Hyun Ha , Kim Won Jun , Shim Sung Han , Bak Chong Won 
Published: October 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?It is known that timed intercourse that is planned to coincide with ovulation causes stress in women. In men premature ejaculation is more common than delayed ejaculation.Timed intercourse imposes a substantial degree of stress on men. None of our study participants reported premature ejaculation, whereas delayed ejaculation was noted by 5.92% of the participants. Timed intercourse elevates anxiety levels, which leads to aggression. The men who required high doses of tadalafil had significantly higher scores on both the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire subscales (P< 0.001).OBJECTIVE
To understand the effect of stress incurred by timed intercourse (TI) on sexual dysfunction in relation to anxiety and aggression in men facing TI.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
This study involved 439 men and was conducted during a 3‐year period between 1 July 2008 and 30 June 2011.
Various characteristics were evaluated, including newly acquired erectile dysfunction (ED), ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD), anxiety levels (using the Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI]), self‐reported aggression (using the Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire [BPAQ]), hormone levels (such as follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, prolactin and oestradiol) and semen parameters.
RESULTS
A total of 188 men (42.8%) and 26 men (5.92%) experienced ED and EjD, respectively.
Luteinizing hormone, testosterone and oestradiol were significantly lower in men with ED (P< 0.05).
The men who required high doses of tadalafil had significantly higher scores on both the BAI and the BPAQ subscales (P< 0.001).
BAI and subscales of BPAQ were higher in males with delayed ejaculation (P< 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
TI imposes a great deal of stress on male partners, potentially causing ED and EjD, and elevates anxiety levels, which leads to aggression.
Physicians and clinicians should acknowledge the potentially harmful effects of TI on men.
Furthermore, both female and male patients should be cautioned about the increased likelihood of ED and EjD as the number of incidents of TI increases.
Predictive ability of the 2002 and 2010 versions of the Tumour‐Node‐Metastasis classification system regarding metastasis‐free, cancer‐specific and overall survival in a European renal cell carcinoma single‐centre series
Authors: Pichler Martin , Hutterer Georg C. , Chromecki Thomas F. , Jesche Johanna , Kampel‐Kettner Karin , Groselj‐Strele Andrea , Pummer Karl , Zigeuner Richard 
Published: October 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?As different and heterogenous populations of patients with RCC can be found in different geographic regions, newly proposed cancer staging systems need an independent validation of their clinical usefulness and prognostic significance. Only a few published studies have compared the ‘old’ 2002 version of the TNM classification system for RCC with the recent 2010 version, all of them using cancer‐specific survival as their endpoint, and controversial results were reported regarding the potential superiority of the 2010 version over the 2002 version of this cancer staging system.The aim of the study was to validate and compare the predictive ability of the 2010 with the 2002 version of the TNM classification system regarding metastasis‐free, overall and cancer‐specific survival in a large central European cohort of patients with RCC. According to our data, the predictive ability of the 2010 version of the TNM classification system regarding the evaluated endpoints is not superior to the 2002 version.OBJECTIVE
To compare the predictive ability of the Tumour‐Node‐Metastasis (TNM) classification systems for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using three different endpoints: metastasis‐free (MFS); overall (OS); and cancer‐specific survival (CSS).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Data from 2739 consecutive patients with RCC, who underwent surgery at a single academic centre, were evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional models, Harrell's concordance (c)‐index and by applying decision curve analysis (DCA) with regard to MFS, OS and CSS.
RESULTS
According to TNM 2010, significant differences for MFS were observed for pT1a vs pT1b, pT1b vs pT2a, pT3a vs pT3b and pT3b vs pT3c stages, respectively (all P < 0.05).
With regard to OS, significant differences could be observed in pT1a vs pT1b and pT3a vs pT3b stages, respectively (all P < 0.05).
The c‐index for CSS, OS and MFS was slightly higher for the 2002 than for the 2010 version of the TNM classification system.
Non‐inferiority of the 2002 TNM system is supported by the results of the DCA.
CONCLUSION
According to our data, the predictive ability of the 2010 version of the TNM classification system regarding three different clinical endpoints is not superior to the 2002 version of this staging system.
Partial nephrectomy online: a preliminary evaluation of the quality of health information on the Internet
Authors: Fast Angela M. , Deibert Christopher M. , Boyer Celia , Hruby Gregory W. , McKiernan James M. 
Published: October 2012

Study Type – Therapy (evaluation of information materials)Level of Evidence 3b
What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Patients are highly likely to access the Internet for health information, and studies have reported that inaccurate or low‐quality information may alter patients’ expectations and negatively impact informed decision‐making. In a unique collaboration with the Health On the Internet (HON) Foundation, we evaluated the top 20 search results for the urology search term ‘partial nephrectomy,’ and identified the highest and lowest scoring criteria to increase awareness of areas of concern and improvement.Objective
To further evaluate the quality of information available on the Internet with regard to the management of localized renal cancer, we evaluated websites providing information on ‘partial nephrectomy’ in conjunction with the Health On the Internet (HON) Foundation. Many patients now utilize the Internet as a resource to provide further information on disease, treatments and outcomes, and health information on the Internet is largely unregulated. Inaccurate information may contribute to unrealistic expectations and dissatisfied patients.
Patients and Methods
A google.com search identified the top 30 websites for the search term ‘partial nephrectomy’.
The HON Foundation evaluated each website according to the eight principles for Health on the Internet code of conduct (HONcode) certification and reported the overall frequency of certification, as well as individual website compliance with each of the principles.
Results
Overall, seven (23.3%) of 30 websites met the requirements of HONcode certification and an additional two (6.7%) websites were under review to maintain their certification based on updating their resources.
The remaining 21 (70%) websites did not meet the standards for certification.
The lowest performing criteria included proper citation of medical information and a clear distinction of advertising from editorial content.
Conclusions
The low rate of HONcode compliance for these websites illustrates the poor quality of information that patients may encounter when researching options for nephron‐sparing surgery, which may have a significant impact on patient decision‐making and treatment choices.
Physicians should be aware of the quality of Internet resources and how to best use these tools to help guide patients to websites with valid information.
Bariatric surgery, bone loss, obesity and possible mechanisms
Authors: Brzozowska M. M. , Sainsbury A. , Eisman J. A. , Baldock P. A. , Center J. R. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryBariatric surgery remains the most effective treatment for severely obese patients. However, the potential long‐term effects of bariatric surgical procedures on health, including bone health, are only partially understood. The goal of this review was to present data on the impact of bariatric surgery on bone metabolism and to analyse possible reasons for the loss of bone mass that frequently occurs after bariatric surgery. Such factors include nutritional deficiencies, rapid weight loss per se, effects of fat‐derived adipokines and gut‐derived appetite‐regulatory hormones. However, the relative roles of these factors in skeletal regulation and the mechanisms by which they work are not yet fully defined. Our review was focussed on the complex relationship between body weight, fat mass and bone mass, as well as peripheral and central mediators potentially involved in the dual regulation of both energy and bone homeostasis. We also review the data on the inverse relationship between central obesity, bone marrow fat and osteoporosis. As the number of bariatric operations increases, it is imperative to recognize mechanisms responsible for bariatric surgery‐induced bone loss, with careful monitoring of bone health including long‐term fracture incidence in patients undergoing these procedures.
Causes of human impact to protected vertebrate wildlife parallel long‐term socio‐economical changes in Spain
Authors: Martínez‐Abraín A. , Crespo J. , Berdugo M. , Gutiérrez L. , Lafuente A. , Mañas A. , de Miguel J. M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObtaining information on the way human activities impact protected wildlife is not an easy task. Here, we analyze the news published by knowledgeable naturalists in Spain's most prestigious and oldest magazine devoted to the study and conservation of nature, during a 28‐year period (1982–2009). We studied the logarithm of the ratio of news published annually on direct (poaching, trapping and poisoning) versus indirect impacts (road casualties, electrocutions and collisions with infrastructure), and it turned out to be negative, strong (5% annual decrease) and statistically significant, suggesting an exponential decrease of the ratio. The decreasing trend was stronger (λ = 9%) when considering only direct impacts excluding cases of poisoning that showed an increasing trend over time, showing a more realistic idea of the decreasing impact by hunters. Our modelling clearly showed that the decreasing trend in the ratio was explained by the decreasing number of hunting licences active on a yearly basis, controlled by the increase in indirect impacts. In order to validate our results, we compared our analysis with the trend shown by vertebrate admissions to a major rescue centre in eastern Spain from 1994 to 2011. The results of this second analysis showed a trend with a similar inversion of causes of impact but of a stronger magnitude (λ = 15%). We discuss our findings within the context of a rapidly changing economy, evolving from a rural structure to an industrialized one, and provide some applied conservation recommendations. Indirect impacts caused by infrastructure should be approached, correcting technical problems, particularly black spots where mortality cases concentrate. Direct impacts, notably the rise in the rate of poisoning cases, need to be handled, managing the causes of increase of generalist predators, such as habitat structure, promoting the return of top predators and removing sources of subsidy, better than only fighting poaching by force.
Do marmots display a ‘dear enemy phenomenon’ in response to anal gland secretions?
Authors: Cross H. B. , Blumstein D. T. , Rosell F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe ‘dear enemy phenomenon’ (DEP) is a form of neighbour–stranger discrimination in which resident territorial individuals respond less agonistically to intrusions by known neighbouring conspecifics than they do to strangers. We tested philopatric female yellow‐bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) for the presence of DEP. We hypothesized that dominant females discriminated between the anal gland secretion (AGS) from female neighbours and strangers, and predicted that they would respond more agonistically (as reflected by the duration of both sniffing and physical behaviour) towards AGS from strangers than neighbours. We also hypothesized that female marmots would respond differently to kin and non‐kin female neighbours, and predicted a reduced agonistic response to related individuals. Direct observations of resident marmot's responses to the olfactory trials showed that marmots spent significantly longer durations sniffing the AGS of both neighbours and strangers than a neutral scent‐free control. However, there was no significant difference in the sniffing response duration towards AGS from a neighbour or a stranger. In addition, kinship was not found to influence the responses of residents to neighbours or strangers. We conclude that, although female yellow‐bellied marmots detect AGS, they do not seem to discriminate between neighbours and strangers via AGS scent marks. Other secretions may be used in territorial identification.
Experience of using electromyography of the genioglossus in the investigation of paediatric dysphagia
Authors: VIJAYAKUMAR KAYAL , ROCKETT JULIET , RYAN MARTINA , HARRIS REBECCA , PITT MATTHEW , DEVILE CATHERINE 
Published: October 2012

Aim The aim of the study was to assess, retrospectively, the utility of genioglossus electromyography (gEMG) in evaluating children with suspected neurogenic feeding and swallowing difficulties.Method Children who were evaluated using gEMG at a tertiary paediatric neurology dysphagia service were reviewed. Data were analysed by the presence/absence of neurogenic changes on gEMG and the method of feeding at their most recent follow‐up.Results The study group comprised 59 individuals (36 males, 23 females; median age 20mo; range 1mo–15y). The study cohort included individuals with heterogeneous neurological phenotypes (n=40), craniofacial syndrome (n=10), and congenital bulbar palsy (n=9). gEMG identified 35 out of 59 (60%) with neurogenic changes. At follow‐up, 24 individuals were on oral feeds and 35 were on alternative methods of feeding (nasogastric /gastrostomy). Eight out of 24 children on oral feeds showed neurogenic changes compared with 27 out of 35 on alternative feeds. χ2 analysis of feeding method at follow‐up and the presence or absence of neurogenic change on EMG was highly significant (p≤0.002). When confounding factors for alternative feeds were accounted for on univariate analysis, the neurogenic changes, severe gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease, and respiratory comorbidities were statistically significant in predicting the alternative feeding, whereas growth failure and behavioural difficulties were not significant confounders. Moreover, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the neurogenic changes were independently predictive of an alternative method of feeding after adjusting for other confounders with an odds ratio of 29.6 (95% confidence interval 3.97–220; p<0.007).Conclusion gEMG is a valuable complementary tool in the evaluation of children with neurogenic dysphagia as the degree of severity is independently correlated with long‐term feeding outcomes.
The prognosis of idiopathic generalized epilepsy
Authors: Seneviratne Udaya , Cook Mark , D’Souza Wendyl 
Published: October 2012

SummaryPrognosis describes the trajectory and long‐term outcome of a condition. Most studies indicate a better prognosis in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) in comparison with other epilepsy syndromes. Studies looking at the long‐term outcome of different IGE syndromes are relatively scant. Childhood absence epilepsy appears to have a higher rate of remission compared to juvenile absence epilepsy. In absence epilepsies, development of myoclonus and generalized tonic–clonic seizures predicts lower likelihood of remission. Although most patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) achieve remission on antiepileptic drug therapy, <20% appear to remain in remission without treatment. Data on the prognosis of other IGE syndromes are scarce. There are contradictory findings reported on the value of electroencephalography as a predictor of prognosis. Comparisons are made difficult by study heterogeneity, particularly in methodology and diagnostic criteria.