bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining Nitellopsis obtusa autofluorescence intensity and F680/F750 ratio to discriminate responses to environmental stressors
Authors: Navickaite Ausrine , Pupkis Vilmantas , Kalnaityte-Vengeliene Agne , Lapeikaite Indre , Kisnieriene Vilma , Bagdonas Saulius 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Detection of autofluorescence parameters is a useful approach to gain insight into the physiological state of plants and algae, but the effect of reabsorption hinders unambiguous interpretation of in vivo data. The exceptional morphological features of Nitellopsis obtusa made it possible to measure autofluorescence spectra along single internodal cells and estimate relative changes in autofluorescence intensity in selected spectral regions at room temperatures, avoiding the problems associated with thick or optically dense samples. The response of algal cells to controlled white light and DCMU herbicide was analyzed by monitoring changes in peak FL intensity at 680 nm and in F680/F750 ratio. Determining the association between the selected spectral FL parameters revealed an exponential relationship, which provides a quantitative description of photoinduced changes. The ability to discern the effect of DCMU not only in the autofluorescence spectra of dark-adapted cells, but also in the case of light-adapted cells, and even after certain doses of excess light, suggests that the proposed autofluorescence analysis of N. obtusa may be useful for detecting external stressors in the field.
A leaf sequencing algorithm for an orthogonal dual-layer multileaf collimator
Authors: Cui Weijie , Dai Jianrong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose. Dual layer MLC (DMLC) has have been adopted in several commercial products and one major challenge in DMLC usage is leaf sequencing for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). In this study we developed a leaf sequencing algorithm for IMRT with an orthogonal DMLC. Methods and Materials. This new algorithm is inspired by the algorithm proposed by Dai and Zhu for IMRT with single layer MLC (SMLC). It iterately determines a delivery segment intensity and corresponding segment shape for a given fluence matrix and leaves residual fluence matrix to following iterations. The segment intensity is determined according to complexities of residual fluence matrix when segment intensity varies from one to highest level in the matrix. The segment intensity and corresponding segment shape that result least complexity was selected. Although the algorithm framework is similar to Dai and Zhu’s algorithm, this new algorithm develops complexity algorithms along with rules for determining segment leaf settings when delivered with orthogonal DMLC. This algorithm has been evaluated with 9 groups of randomly generated fluence matrices with various dimensions and intensity levels. Sixteen fluence matrices generated in Pinnacle system for two clinical IMRT examples were also used for evaluation. Statistical information of leaf sequences generated with this algorithm for both the random and clinical matrices were compared to the results of two typical algorithms for SMLC: that proposed by Dai and Zhu and that proposed by Bortfled. Results. Compared to the SMLC delivery sequences generated with Dai and Zhu’s algorithm, the proposed algorithm for orthogonal DMLC delivery reduces the average number of segments by 27.7% ∼ 41.8% for 9 groups of randomly generated fluence matrices and 10.5% ∼ 41.7% for clinical ones. When comparing MU efficiency between different algorithms, it is observed that the proposed algorithm performs better than the optimal efficiency of SMLC delivery when dealing with simple fluence matrices, but slightly worse when handling complex ones. Conclusion. This new algorithm generates leaf sequences for orthogonal DMLC delivery with high delivery efficiency in terms of number of leaf segments. This algorithm has potential to work well with orthogonal DMLC for improving efficiency or quality of IMRT.
Urban sprawl and thermal response in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, 2000–2020
Authors: Yuan Hao , Chen Yonglin , Zhang Yunping , Ming Lei , Xie Yuntao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The urban heat island (UHI) environment is closely related to the daily life of residents, and the impact of UHI is further expanding in the era of rapid urbanization, which is particularly obvious in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). To explore the connection between UHI and urban expansion, this study takes GBA as the study area, based on Google Earth Engine platform and Landsat satellite data. The urban-rural temperature difference method was used to analyze the heat island zoning in the GBA from 2000 to 2020, and the direction and type of urban expansion in the GBA were investigated by standard deviation ellipse and LEI, to explore the link between the type of urban expansion and the heat island region through geospatial analysis methods. The results of the study show that: (1) The proportion of the area of strong and extreme heat islands in the GBA was 37.64% in 2000; 38.61% in 2005; 47.07% in 2010; 55.76% in 2015; and finally 59.69% in 2020. The proportion of the area of heat island regions in the period from 2000 to 2020 showed an overall increasing trend, with the largest increase in heat island regions in the period from 2015 to 2020. (2) The intensity of urban expansion in the GBA is 32% in both 2000–2005 and 2005–2010, which is significantly higher than the 9% in 2010–2015, and then increases to 24 per cent in 2015–2020. The speed of movement of urban centroids decreases in 2000–2015 and increases in 2015–2020. The direction of urban expansion in the first 5 years is dominated by the northeast, and the direction of urban expansion in the latter 15 years is generally dominated by the southwest, and the type of urban expansion is dominated by the fringe type, with the enclave type of expansion accounting for a smaller proportion. (3) Pearson correlation analysis further confirms that there is a significant positive correlation between urban sprawl and the urban heat island effect, with a correlation coefficient of 0.78 and a p-value of 0.041. There is a high degree of spatial consistency between the distribution of built-up urban areas and the distribution of heat island areas in GBA, and the direction of the evolution of the urban heat island areas is the same as the direction of the evolution of the built-up urban areas in general, and the thermal response of the marginal expansion to the ground surface temperature is stronger than that of enclave expansion. The thermal response to the surface temperature is stronger than that of the enclave type of expansion.
Research on hammering characteristics of hammer mill based on discrete element method
Authors: Li Tianqi , Shi Guangfeng , Zhang Qing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In hammer mill crushing, the speed change of the rotor hammer head will have an effect on the efficiency of crushing, and so on. This paper takes the hammer mill rotor as the research object and carries out a simulation study, establishes the material particle crushing model, and verifies the validity of the model. The discrete element method (DEM) is used to simulate the movement of the material inside the hammer mill after crushing, revealing that the working principle of the hammer mill is based on the form of particle movement, and to study the law of the particle collision fracture bond energy, compressive stress and particle collision impact energy of the hammer mill. Through comparison, the final working condition of the hammer mill is that at the rotor speed of 1600 r min−1, the working efficiency of the whole equipment is the highest.
Investigations on the influence of hot rolling on the creep characteristics of additively manufactured Mg-5Ag alloy
Authors: Karthik S Hare , Jaganath D , Balan K Siva , Ramasubramanian M , R Vaira Vignesh , M Govindaraju , Suganya Priyadharshini G , Baghad Abd 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The requirement for lightweight materials that can survive increasingly severe conditions for aerospace components has fueled the research on magnesium alloys. The current work investigates the influence of hot rolling on the creep characteristics of the Mg-5Ag alloy that is fabricated through a selective laser melting process. The creep properties of parent material (PM) and hot-rolled specimens (HRA) are determined by indentation creep tests at 250 °C, 275 °C, and 300 °C. The microstructural evolution, phase transformation kinetics, and texture evolution were deduced using instrumental analysis, including SEM, EBSD, TEM, and XRD. The specimen PM features α-Mg grains with intermetallic Mg-Ag particles along grain boundaries and random grain orientations with low-angle boundaries. However, specimen HRA has a more fraction of Mg-Ag precipitates, a dominant (0001) grain orientation, and higher peak intensity from the (002) plane. The HRA specimen also demonstrates higher apparent activation energies, attributed to microstructural changes from hot rolling. The results show that the creep resistance of the hot rolled Mg-5Ag alloy is superior to as-fabricated Mg-5Ag alloy based on the creep velocity, stress exponent, and apparent activation energy.
Au – MoS2 nanoflowers sensors on interdigitated electrode for monitoring human respiration
Authors: Pujari Sakshi , Tripathi Himadri , Dobhal Anshuman , Rawat S , Dangwal Shivani , Bala Shashi , Rani Chanchal , Dwivedi C , Kumar Rajesh , Sharma M , Sharma Himani 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Respiratory humidity sensors are essential for monitoring breath conditions in a variety of applications such as respiratory disease diagnosis, sleep apnea screening, and personalized medicine. With the increasing prevalence of respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and sleep apnea, they have become essential tools for healthcare professionals, researchers and individuals. However, existing humidity sensors often suffer from poor sensitivity, slow response, and limited flexibility. In this paper, we report a novel Au – MoS2 respiratory humidity sensor that exhibits high resistivity, fast response, and excellent flexibility. The sensor is fabricated by drop casting a thin layer of Au decorated MoS2 on copper interdigitated electrodes (fabricated using copper clad PCB). The increase in the intensity of the peak was observed in Au – MoS2 hybrids in comparison to MoS2 analyzed using micro–Raman Spectroscopy. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the morphology of MoS2 was observed, confirming its flower like structure. The Au nanoparticles were detected on the edges of MoS2, confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM).&#xD;The interfacial electronic interaction suggests that there is the formation of Schottky barrier between Au and MoS2 as confirmed by X–Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). The improved electronic interaction results in better sensing properties. The high dielectric constant and excellent surface-to-volume ratio of the MoS2 layer make it extremely sensitive to humidity; the Au nanoparticles offer good electrical conductivity and mechanical flexibility in its place. The study tested a respiratory sensor in a simulated environment, finding it more responsive to breathing and quick to return to rest. This suggests potential for the Au-MoS2 sensor in tracking breath states due to its sensitivity and adaptability, promising applications across various fields.&#xD;
A comparative study of broadband PbS quantum dots/graphene photodetectors with monolayer and bilayer graphene
Authors: Olson Austin , Chambers Dakeya , Gotfredson Sarah , Shultz Andrew , Liu Bo , Gong Maogang , Wu Judy Z 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs)/graphene nanohybrids provide a unique platform to design photodetectors of high performance. These photodetectors are quantum sensors due to the strong quantum confinement in QDs for spectral tunability, and in graphene for high charge mobility. Quantitatively, the high carrier mobility of graphene plays a critical role to enable high photoconductive gain and understanding its impact on the photodetector performance is imperative. Herein, we report a comparative study of PbS QDs/graphene nanohybrids with monolayer and bilayer graphene for broadband photodetection ranging from ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared to short-wave infrared spectra (wavelength: 400 nm–1750 nm) to determine if a specific advantage exists for one over the other. This study has revealed that both the monolayer and bilayer graphene grown in chemical vapor deposition can provide a highly efficient charge transfer channel for photo-generated carriers for high broadband photoresponse.
Lusztig correspondence and the finite Gan-Gross-Prasad problem
Authors: Wang Zhicheng 
Published: August 2024

The Gan-Gross-Prasad problem is to describe the restriction of representations of a classical group

G
G

to smaller groups

H
H

of the same kind. In previous work by Liu and Wang [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 373 (2020), pp. 4223–4253; Manuscripta Math. 165 (2021), pp. 159–189; Math. Z. 297 (2021), pp. 997–1021] and Wang [Adv. Math. 393 (2021), p. 72], we study the Gan-Gross-Prasad problem for unipotent representations of finite classical groups. In this paper, we solved the Gan-Gross-Prasad problem over finite fields completely. The main tools used are the Lusztig correspondence and a formula of Reeder [J. Amer. Math. Soc. 20 (2007), pp. 573–602] for the pairings of Deligne-Lusztig characters. We give a reduction decomposition of Reeder’s formula and reduce the Gan-Gross-Prasad problem for arbitrary representations to the unipotent representations by Lusztig correspondence.
The Intangible Poetic Legacy of Black Voices
Authors: Berruezo-Sánchez Diana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks at the contributions of black poets to early modern Spanish literature, both oral and written. In particular, it scrutinises a series of sonnets depicting a literary dispute between two poets, named Oña and Sampayo. It argues that Sampayo is one of the first black voices of early modernity that explicitly defends his artistic agency in counter to the anti-black rhetoric that suffused early modern literary contests. It also examines three newly uncovered poems in which black voices also defend their blackness and reject an imposed idea of whiteness. These prompt important discussion about the provenance and circulation of these and similar poems in the late seventeenth century. The chapter’s new evidence belies the common belief that Juan Latino (c.1518–c.1594) was the only black poet in early modern Spain. Rather, these findings and close readings substantiate the important legacy of black poetic voices.
Geographical Differences in Hydrochlorothiazide Associated Risk of Skin Cancer Balanced Against Disability Related to Hypertensive Heart Disease
Authors: Almskou Rasmussen Anders , Buus Niels Henrik , Comerma Steffensen Simon G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hypertension affects 25%–30% of the world population. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is among the most used and cheapest medications but was in 2018 labeled with a warning stating the increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). This study describes geographical differences in the association between HCTZ and NMSC from the perspective of hypertensive heart disease (HHD).

METHODS
We conducted a systematic literature search (PubMed, Embase, Clinicaltrial.gov, and Clinicaltrial.eu) using PICO/PECO acronyms, including case–control, cohort, and randomized controlled trials. We constructed a rate ratio of disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for HHD/NMSC in the global burden of disease (GBD) regions.

RESULTS
No increased risk of NMSC with the use of HCTZ was found in Taiwan, India, and Brazil. A small (hazard ratio (HR)/odds ratio (OR) ≤1.5) but significantly increased risk was seen in Canada, the United States, and Korea. An increased risk (1.5&lt; HR/OR ≤2.5) in Iceland, Spain, and Japan and a highly increased risk (HR/OR &gt;2.5) in the United Kingdom, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Australia. HHD is associated with a more than tenfold DALY rate compared with NMSC in 13 of 21 GBD regions, corresponding to 77.2% of the global population. In none of these 13 regions was there an increased risk of HCTZ-associated NMSC.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite limited information from many countries, our data point to large geographical differences in the association between HCTZ and NMSC. In all GBD regions, except Australasia, HHD constitutes a more than fivefold DALY rate compared to NMSC. This disproportionate risk should be considered before avoiding HCTZ from the antihypertensive treatment.
Differential growth rate, water-use efficiency and climate sensitivity between males and females of Ilex aquifolium in north-western Spain
Authors: Sánchez Vilas Julia , Hernández-Alonso Héctor , Rozas Vicente , Retuerto Rubén 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and aims
Dioecious plant species, i.e. those in which male and female functions are housed in different individuals, are particularly vulnerable to global environmental changes. For long-lived plant species, such as trees, long-term studies are imperative to understand how growth patterns and their sensitivity to climate variability affect the sexes differentially.

Methods
Here, we explore long-term intersexual differences in wood traits, namely radial growth rates and water-use efficiency quantified as stable carbon isotope abundance of wood cellulose, and their climate sensitivity in Ilex aquifolium trees growing in a natural population in north-western Spain.

Key results
We found that sex differences in secondary growth rates were variable over time, with males outperforming females in both radial growth rates and water-use efficiency in recent decades. Summer water stress significantly reduced the growth of female trees in the following growing season, whereas the growth of male trees was favoured primarily by cloudy and rainy conditions in the previous autumn and winter combined with low cloud cover and warm conditions in summer. Sex-dependent lagged correlations between radial growth and water availability were found, with a strong association between tree growth and cumulative water availability in females at 30 months and in males at 10 months.

Conclusions
Overall, our results point to greater vulnerability of female trees to increasing drought, which could lead to sex-ratio biases threatening population viability in the future.
Non-Breast Implantable Medical Devices and Associated Malignancies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ziolkowski Natalia , Milkovich John , D’Souza Alexandra , Austin Ryan E , McGuire Patricia , Lista Frank , Ahmad Jamil 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Innovation in healthcare has led to the development of numerous implantable medical devices (IMDs). However, advances in our knowledge of breast implant–associated malignancies have raised questions about the prevalence, etiology, and management of malignancies associated with non-breast IMDs. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of malignancies associated with non-breast IMDs. An expert medical librarian developed the search strategy for this review. Databases included MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. In addition, gray literature sources were searched, and relevant references from systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included. The PRISMA guideline was followed for the review. Risk of bias was evaluated with the JBI Critical Appraisal tools. A total of 12,230 articles were reviewed, with a total of 77 meeting inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was highest with case reports (moderate, average of 65.1% with range of 37.5% to 100%) and low for the remaining study types. In total, 616 cases of IMD-associated malignancies were identified. Malignancies associated with IMDs were reported in the head and neck (543, 88.1%), lower extremity (57, 9.6%), thorax (9, 1.4%), abdomen (3, 0.5%), and genitourinary system (2, 0.3%). The most common malignancy type in the lower extremity was sarcoma, in the head and neck was squamous cell carcinoma, and in the thorax was lymphoma. This study is the first comprehensive systematic review of its kind. Overall, the oncologic risk of IMDs is low. The discussion of malignancy is an important part of the overall consent process, and malignancy should be considered with any new signs or symptoms in the anatomic area of an implant. More data are needed to better understand how primary malignancies occur around IMDs and how to reduce this risk.

Level of Evidence: 3
Locuaz: an in silico platform for protein binders optimization
Authors: Barletta German P , Tandiana Rika , Soler Miguel , Fortuna Sara , Rocchia Walter 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Engineering high-affinity binders targeting specific antigenic determinants remains a challenging and often daunting task, requiring extensive experimental screening. Computational methods have the potential to accelerate this process, reducing costs and time, but only if they demonstrate broad applicability and efficiency in exploring mutations, evaluating affinity, and pruning unproductive mutation paths.

Results
In response to these challenges, we introduce a new computational platform for optimizing protein binders towards their targets. The platform is organized as a series of modules, performing mutation selection and application, molecular dynamics simulations to sample conformations around interaction poses, and mutation prioritization using suitable scoring functions. Notably, the platform supports parallel exploration of different mutation streams, enabling in silico high-throughput screening on High Performance Computing (HPC) systems. Furthermore, the platform is highly customizable, allowing users to implement their own protocols.

Availability and implementation
The source code is available at https://github.com/pgbarletta/locuaz and documentation is at https://locuaz.readthedocs.io/. The data underlying this article are available at https://github.com/pgbarletta/suppl_info_locuaz
Accelerated dimensionality reduction of single-cell RNA sequencing data with fastglmpca
Authors: Weine Eric , Carbonetto Peter , Stephens Matthew 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Summary
Motivated by theoretical and practical issues that arise when applying Principal component analysis (PCA) to count data, Townes et al. introduced “Poisson GLM-PCA”, a variation of PCA adapted to count data, as a tool for dimensionality reduction of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. However, fitting GLM-PCA is computationally challenging. Here we study this problem, and show that a simple algorithm, which we call “Alternating Poisson Regression” (APR), produces better quality fits, and in less time, than existing algorithms. APR is also memory-efficient and lends itself to parallel implementation on multi-core processors, both of which are helpful for handling large scRNA-seq datasets. We illustrate the benefits of this approach in three publicly available scRNA-seq datasets. The new algorithms are implemented in an R package, fastglmpca.

Availability and implementation
The fastglmpca R package is released on CRAN for Windows, macOS and Linux, and the source code is available at github.com/stephenslab/fastglmpca under the open source GPL-3 license. Scripts to reproduce the results in this paper are also available in the GitHub repository and on Zenodo.