bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with post-traumatic stress disorders and related to oxidative stress
Authors: Al-Kufaishi Ali M.A. , Al-Musawi Noor J.T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The study involves the effect of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal hormones disorders, and related to oxidative stress in individuals with PTSD to those in the healthy group after they experience a specific event that results in a congenital illness or limb loss.

Methods
Obtaining serum samples from males exclusively in cases where psychiatrists have determined that the men have experienced psychological damage brought on by a particular tragedy, and testing the men for hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and oxidative stress parameters in comparison to healthy participants.

Results
It was observed that there was a notable rise in cortisol levels (5.60 ± 0.93) at 4 pm compared with healthy control (3.43 ± 0.64) resulting from the stimulating effect of the pituitary gland, and this increase has a role in raising levels of oxidative stress in patients total oxidant status (1.08 ± 0.13) compared with control (0.70 ± 0.10). High oxidative stress may lead to increased prolactin levels and decreased testosterone levels.

Conclusions
Transmission of incorrect chemical signals from the central nervous system has a role in causing disturbances in hormonal levels of the hypothalamus and its associated glands, and thus an imbalance in the metabolic rate due to high cortisol. Also, high levels of prolactin hormones play a role in a significant decrease in testosterone levels.
Banter as transformative practice: linguistic play and joking relationships in a UK swimming club
Authors: Heath Sean 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article investigates the multiple interpretations and uses of banter as an inclusive and exclusionary practice amongst competitive youth swimmers in the Southeast of England. As a metacommunicative act, banter is a form of linguistic play that focuses on the ways in which the words are delivered, and the social relationships involved between those engaged in banter. Through an immersive “apprenticeship” within a competitive swimming club from 2018 to 2022, I was party to particular forms of English “humorous” communication and invitations to join in banter with coaches and swimmers. As competitive swimming can be a monotonous activity, with long periods between competitions and nigh endless repetition of training drills, coaches encouraged swimmers’ engagement in banter as an inclusive strategy for squad cohesiveness and to stave off boredom throughout the swimming season. Playful teasing was used to invite engagement in banter from one or more people, helping to foster social bonds, develop joking relationships, and create a relaxed atmosphere within training spaces. Mockery and teasing used to initiate banter were also mobilized as exclusionary social positioning strategies to test the limits of social interaction and define oneself against others. This article asserts that despite the nearly-totalitarian position of the coach within high-performance swimming humorous or joking banter does not simply function as a morale-booting activity or as a substitute for active resistance against monotonous training requirements. By paying attention to the intersubjective processes within joking relationships, here through banter, we can see how youth actively navigate sociality and assert their agency within institutional training environments.
Performance-Based Pay and Limited Information Access. An Agent-Based Model of the Hidden Action Problem
Authors: Reinwald Patrick , Leitner Stephan , Wall Friederike 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Models involving human decision-makers often include idealized assumptions, such as rationality, perfect foresight, and access to relevant information. These assumptions usually assure the models’ internal validity but, at the same time, might limit the models’ power to explain empirical phenomena. This paper addresses the well-known model of the hidden action problem, which proposes an optimal performance-based sharing rule for situations in which a principal assigns a task to an agent and the task outcome is shared between the two parties. The principal cannot observe the action taken by the agent to carry out this task. We introduce an agent-based version of this problem in which we relax some of the idealized assumptions. In the proposed model, the principal and the agent only have limited information access and are endowed with the ability to gain, store and retrieve information from their (finite) memory. We follow an evolutionary approach and analyze how the principal’s and the agent’s decisions affect their respective utilities, the sharing rule, and task performance over time. The results suggest that the optimal (or a close-to-optimal) sharing rule does not necessarily emerge in all cases. The results indicate that the principal’s utility is relatively robust to variations in memory. On the contrary, the agent’s utility is significantly affected by limitations in the principal’s memory, whereas the agent’s memory appears to only have a minor effect.
Transmission of data rate by radio over free space optical communications system under turbulence conditions
Authors: Mohammed Tahani J. , Ali Mazin Ali A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study presents the analysis of a designed Ro-FSO system by Opti System v.20. The system analysis depends on transferring three values of data (10, 20, and 40 Gb/s) using two digital modulators (PSK and DPSK). Two scintillation systems (L-N and G-G) are applied for transmitting a signal through free space; this signal is subject to four values of atmospheric turbulence. The research showed that the (L-N) scintillation model can send data at rates of 10, 20, or 40 Gb/s, irrespective of what kind of digital modulator is used. For data rates of 10 and 20 Gb/s, the suggested system could transmit it over a maximum link distance of up to 2 km under different turbulence intensities. For 40 Gb/s of data rate, the maximum link distances decline to 1.75 km at the same amount of turbulence conditions. When the scintillation system (G-G) is applied as a turbulence link, the system is able to transmit the signal well for a maximum link distance not exceeding 0.75 km.
Optimization of springback parameters of an aluminum 1050 alloy by V-bending
Authors: Mesci Furkan Hasan , Eksi Seçil 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Springback, one of the fundamental properties of parts formed by V bending, is the dimensional deviation caused by elastic recovery. Numerical estimation and compensation of springback is essential because it affects the workpiece’s dimensional accuracy and geometry and will cause serious errors, especially during the assembly process. This study investigated the effects of process parameters such as sheet thickness and die angle on springback behavior on 1,050 aluminum experimentally and numerically. Experiments were planned according to Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. Sheet thickness (1 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2.5 mm) and die angle (90, 135 and 150°), were selected as forming parameters. Springback was calculated after the tests. Optimization of the parameters was evaluated using the signal/noise ratio approach. The effectiveness of parameters on results was determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). It has been observed that the springback angle decreases with increasing sheet thickness, but springback angle decreases with increasing die angles. It has been seen that the experimental and numerical study results confirm each other. The variance analysis determined that the die angle was the most dominant springback parameter (90.9 %). Second is the sheet thickness (5.79 %).
Autophagy and radiotherapy in esophageal cancer: modulating treatment sensitivity and overcoming challenges
Authors: Gao Yuan , Hao Wei , Lin Haishan , Cao Bangwei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Esophageal cancer (ESCA) is one of the most fatal gastrointestinal cancers worldwide. ESCA is often diagnosed in its middle or late stages since the first symptoms are not identifiable. The use of radiotherapy, either alone or in conjunction with surgical intervention and chemotherapy, is essential to achieve a positive prognosis. Radiotherapy is an essential component of treatment for ESCA. Autophagy, a prevalent biological phenomenon, has a twofold impact on the incidence, progression, and treatment response of malignant tumors. This review explores the intricate mechanisms by which autophagy modulates radiation sensitivity in ESCA, including its effects on DNA repair, oxidative stress responses, and apoptosis. We provide a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in the modulation of autophagy, focusing on the use of autophagy inhibitors and inducers to enhance radiotherapy efficacy. We discuss how autophagy inhibitors such as chloroquine and 3-methyladenine can overcome radiation resistance by blocking autophagic processes, while autophagy inducers like rapamycin can sensitize cancer cells to radiotherapy-induced cell death. Additionally, we examine the potential therapeutic benefits of combining autophagy regulation with existing treatment modalities, offering new strategies to improve patient outcomes. This review highlights the critical role of autophagy in ESCA and underscores the promise of autophagy-targeted therapies in enhancing the effectiveness of radiotherapy, thereby providing a novel avenue for overcoming treatment resistance and improving prognosis in ESCA patients.
The not so silent Estonians? Perceptions and practice of small talk
Authors: Pajusalu Renate , Norvik Miina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The present paper analyses self-reflexive opinions of 33 Estonians about small talk; it is based on interviews carried out in 2020–2022. The main topics covered in the paper are what participants consider small talk situations, how they feel in such situations, and what kind of topics they bring up or avoid. While silent Finns and silent Scandinavians appear in the literature almost as terms, research on Estonians and their behaviour has been scarce. The paper reveals that although Estonians might see themselves as silent, they often feel the need to break the silence. As it appears, it might result in a failed attempt, but the attempts are there. The article discusses various decisive factors in engaging in or refraining from small talk mentioned by the participants. It also sheds light on changes in time, which mainly seem to indicate that Estonians are opening up. Although small talk is not primarily connected with the notion of politeness in the interviewees’ views, it nevertheless belongs to what is considered appropriate behaviour.
Structure, physical and 27Al NMR-spectroscopic properties of the equiatomic compounds of the type REAlRh (RE = Sm, Tb, Dy, Er, and Lu)
Authors: Radzieowski Mathis , Gießelmann Elias C. J. , Engel Stefan , Janka Oliver 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Within the series of the equiatomic REAlRh compounds, the representatives with RE = Y, La–Nd, Gd, Ho, Tm and Yb have been synthesized. The members with RE = Sm, Tb, Dy, Er and Lu, however, had not yet been reported. They have now been synthesized and structurally as well as magnetically and NMR-spectroscopically characterized. All members crystallize isostructurally in the orthorhombic TiNiSi type, similar to most of the known analogues. The evolution of their unit cell volumes exhibits the expected decrease due to the lanthanide contraction. While LuAlRh shows Pauli-paramagnetic behavior, SmAlRh, TbAlRh, DyAlRh, ErAlRh, and TmAlRh exhibit antiferromagnetic ground states with Néel temperatures between T
N = 45 and 4 K. 27Al MAS-NMR investigations have been conducted on YAlRh and LuAlRh. The results of quantum-chemical calculations support the conclusions drawn from the NMR-spectroscopic study and give information on the charge distribution in these intermetallic aluminum metallides.
Investigating egocentric tuning in hippocampal CA1 neurons
Authors: Carpenter Jordan , Blackstad Jan Sigurd , Tingley David , Normand Valentin A. , Moser Edvard I. , Moser May-Britt , Dunn Benjamin A. 
Published: August 2024

Navigation requires integrating sensory information with a stable schema to create a dynamic map of an animal's position using egocentric and allocentric coordinate systems. In the hippocampus, place cells encode allocentric space, but their firing rates may also exhibit directional tuning within egocentric or allocentric reference frames. We compared experimental and simulated data to assess the prevalence of tuning to egocentric bearing (EB) among hippocampal cells in rats foraging in an open field. Using established procedures, we confirmed egocentric modulation of place cell activity in recorded data; however, simulated data revealed a high false positive rate. When we accounted for false positives by comparing with shuffled data that retain correlations between the animal’s direction and position, only a very low number of hippocampal neurons appeared modulated by EB. Our study highlights biases affecting false positive rates and provides insights into the challenges of identifying egocentric modulation in hippocampal neurons.Significance StatementThis study investigates the relationship between world-centered (allocentric) and self-centered (egocentric) frames of spatial coding in the hippocampus during navigation. Through targeted electrophysiological single-unit recordings in hippocampal CA1 area, complemented by simulations of spatially modulated neurons, we find a compelling lack of support in free-foraging rats for recent proposals that the hippocampus relies on internal egocentric signals in relation to reference points distributed through the environment. Our work reveals that ego­centric signals in CA1 may be strongly biased by stereotypical behavioral patterns. The findings suggest that in free-foraging rodents, the principal framework for location coding is allocentric.
Preventing Adverse Childhood Experiences in a Sample of Largely Indigenous Children
Authors: Edwards Katie M. , Waterman Emily A. , Wheeler Lorey A. , Herrington Ramona , Mullet Natira , Xu Weiman , Hopfauf Skyler , Charge Leon Leader , Trujillo Preciouse 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to develop, pilot, and evaluate a culturally grounded, family-based program to prevent adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among low-income and Indigenous children aged 10 to 14. The Tiwahe Wicagwicayapi program (TWP) is a 7-session program that teaches skills to prevent ACEs and is rooted in Lakota culture, language, and history.

METHODS
A total of 124 families (124 caregivers [96% Indigenous; 90% reported yearly income &lt;$40 000] with 194 children aged 10 to 14 [93% Indigenous]) were randomly assigned to treatment (N = 66 families and 173 individuals) or waitlist (N = 58 families and 145 individuals) control groups. Caregivers and children completed a baseline, immediate posttest, and 6-month follow-up survey.

RESULTS
Treatment effects were detected, indicating, compared with control participants, reductions in the incidence of child ACEs (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.64), bullying victimization (odds ratio = 0.53), depression (d = –0.20), and externalizing behaviors (d = –0.23) and increased parent–child communication (g = 0.27) and child help-seeking behaviors (d = 0.28). For caregivers, the effects indicated that the program prevented intimate partner violence victimization (IRR = 0.36) and perpetration (IRR = 0.45), harsh parenting (g = –0.35), and depression (d = –0.24) and increased emotion regulation (d = 0.37), social support (d = 0.33), and cultural connection (d = 0.34).

CONCLUSIONS
The TWP holds great promise in preventing ACEs among low-income, Indigenous children, showing potential promise for widespread public health impact. Future rigorous research on the TWP is warranted.
ANALISIS KESUBURAN PERAIRAN LAUT BERDASARKAN KEBERADAAN FITOPLANKTON NITRAT DAN FOSFAT: STUDI KASUS PADA KAWASAN PERAIRAN BONGKAR MUAT BATU BARA KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT
Authors: Kusumawati Ika , Suriani Mai 
Published: August 2024

Perubahan terhadap kualitas perairan mempunyai keterkaitan yang erat dengan potensi perairan dapat dilihat dari Kelimpahan dan komposisi fitoplanklon. Fitoplankton dapat dijadikan sebagai indikator atau parameter tingkat kesuburan suatu perairan. Perairan laut ceh Barat merupakan daerah yang diperuntukkan sebagai wilayah bongkar muat batu bara. Tujuan penelitian ini Untuk mengetahui kesuburan perairan berdasarkan itu fitoplankton dan indeks saprobik. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tujuh stasiun yang berbeda selama satu kali pengambilan data Yang di mana stasiun 1,4 dan 7 merupakan perairan yang kurang terjadi aktivitas manusia maupun industri sedangkan stasiun 3 merupakan muara sungai dan stasiun 2,5 dan 6 merupakan tempat industri. Jenis fitoplankton yang ditemukan pada perairan laut Aceh Barat selama pengamatan terdiri dari tiga kelas yaitu Bacillariaphyceae, dinophyceae dan choloraphyceae. Kelimpahan fitoplankton di perairan laut Aceh Barat berkisar antara 6,29-167,45 ind/l. Dari hasil kesuburan perairan didapati nilai 0,6 dikategorikan kedalam perairan β-mesosaprobik dengan pencemaran ringan sampai sedang.hasil pengelompokan stastus trofik perairan Nitrat tegolong katagori oligotrofik dengan nilai 0,07 – 0,9 mg/l sedangkan fosfat tergolong kedalam mesotrofik dengan nilai 0,09 – 0,19. Hasil analisis regresi berganda didapati pengaruh fosfat dan nitrat terhadap fitoplankton adalah sebesar 40,2% hal ini dikategorikan sangat lemah sedangkan 59,8% lainnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain.
PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS CONTEXTUALIZADAS E INOVADORAS NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS EM ESCOLA RURAL DO INTERIOR DE PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Maia Luciana Maria Silva de Seixas , Silva Leticia Pereira Gomes da 
Published: August 2024

O modelo de ensino tradicional que perdurou por muitas décadas ainda é muito recorrente, principalmente em escolas de regiões rurais. Práticas inovadoras, contextualizadas e metodologias ativas rompem com esse padrão antigo e tradicional. Objetivo: Este trabalho discute de forma crítica metodologias utilizadas e experiências vivenciadas com a aplicação de métodos e práticas educacionais em ascensão no ensino de ciências nas turmas dos anos finais do ensino fundamental no ensino de escola rural e posteriormente compará-las. Métodos: Na escola foram executadas aulas práticas e experimentos de ciências baseados no conteúdo do ano letivo, a partir da elaboração prévia de planos de aulas. Nestes, os assuntos foram abordados relacionando teoria e prática aliando-os à ludicidade. Resultados: Nossos dados demonstram que as atividades propostas propiciaram um ativo envolvimento dos alunos nas práticas e discussões finais. Este processo de inclusão, advindo das metodologias ativas, permite maior autonomia aos estudantes no seu processo educacional. Considerações Finais: Tem-se que as práticas pedagógicas que aliam ludicidade e interdisciplinaridade aos conhecimentos prévios dos conteúdos programáticos são mais eficientes, aproximando-os e facilitando a aquisição dos saberes científicos.
Association of mental health with smartphone addiction – Towards a deeper understanding of well-being across age groups and gender
Authors: Kumar Pritam , Kumari Sarbil 
Published: August 2024

With its numerous advantages, it creeps in the challenges of getting addicted to handheld devices, leading to the physiological foundation of diseases like anxiety, depression, low metabolism, sleep pattern disorders, and more. While researchers have dived into various prospects of gadget affinity, little research was observed on smartphone addiction and its adverse mental effects on patients with pre-existing ailments. Minimal attention paid to artifacts in comprehending the multiple influences of continuous attraction towards smartphones in various age groups and their relatedness on gender basis has encouraged us to probe in this area. This study involved a time-based cross-sectional survey of OPD patients to evaluate the nature of comorbidity between smartphone addiction across age groups and the resultant effect on the respondents through empirical evidence. Medical diagnostics were done by recording pulse oximetry, electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, and audiometer, supplemented by a thorough history-taking procedure. The results across clinical examinations of 512 OPD patients portray a better understanding of the interplay between mediators like depressive symptoms, anxiety, insomnia, vision, and hearing disorders by excessive screen timing. This study also examines aggravations in the existing ailments likeliness associated with Smartphone addiction (SPA). The findings of our work suggest that extreme addiction to smartphones correlates with mental health symptoms, including anxiety, insomnia, depression, social phobia, and others. Thus, this study helps the audience become critical of excessive screen timing and may encourage future longitudinal studies, including a comparison to the real social world and treatment targets.The findings of our work demonstrate that extensive smartphone usage is a forebearer of several mental health disorders tending to insomnia, depression, anxiety, low among others. Further, it was analytically modeled that the cognitive risk factors for patients already suffering from similar ailments would intensify the adverse effects of long hours of screen time on these handheld gadgets. Our work confirms the significance of investigating the influence of smartphones on cerebrovascular regulation and mental wellness dynamics for gender-specific and based on various age groups.
Prescription pattern of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their effects on symptoms and disease progression in patients with osteoarthritis in tertiary care centre
Authors: Byndoor Yatish 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of this study is to evaluate prescribing pattern of NSAIDS in osteoarthritis patients and their effect on symptoms and disease progression The Prospective observational study was performed on 200 study participants of both sexes from orthopaedic Out Patient Department (OPD) from a tertiary care hospital, Prakash Institute of medical science in Kolhapur between span of Aug 2019 to Aug 2020 who were diagnosed with Osteoarthritis and prescribed with NSAIDS for a minimum period of 3 months. After the period of treatment improvement in symptom was assessed by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scale to evaluate specific symptoms in subsequent visit at interval of 1 month for 3 follow ups.Most common NSAIDs prescribed in orthopaedic OPD patients were diclofenac (51%), Paracetamol (50.5%), Aceclofenac (43%), Tramadol (15%), Ibuprofen (7%), etoricoxib (6%), Naproxen (5%). Paracetamol was most frequently prescribed as combination therapy along with diclofenac, Tramadol and aceclofenac, and diclofenac was commonly used as monotherapy. Tramadol combined with paracetamol has been used in only 22 patients (13%) in the present study. Changes in pain, stiffness and physical function subscale after 3 months follow up were significant compare to initial visit in WOMAC score.Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are most commonly used drug for the management of pain and inflammation. From our study it was observed that conventional type of NSAIDS are used most common. NSAIDs are vital for clinical management of OA and to improve quality of life. Aceclofenac with paracetamol combination therapy and Diclofenac monotherapy were most frequently prescribed among the NSAIDs. Safety is the proven concern in treating chronic conditions in OA, hence Aceclofenac and Paracetamol is recommended as combination therapy.