bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Li Ion Dynamics in Nanocrystalline and Structurally Disordered Li2TiO3
Authors: Brandstätter Harald , Wohlmuth Dominik , Bottke Patrick , Pregartner Veronika , Wilkening Martin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The monoclinic polymorph of Li2TiO3 (β-form) is known
to be a relatively poor Li ion conductor. Up to now, no
information is available on how the ion transport properties change
when going from well-ordered crystalline Li2TiO3 to
a structurally disordered form with the same chemical
composition. Here, we used high-energy ball milling to prepare
nanocrystalline, defect-rich Li2TiO3; ion dynamics have been
studied via impedance spectroscopy. It turned out that ball
milling offers the possibility to enhance long-range ion transport in
the oxide by approximately 3 orders of magnitude. Its effect on the
oxide ceramic is two-fold: besides the introduction of a large number
of defects, the originally μm-sized crystallites are
decreased to crystallites with a mean diameter of less than
50 nm. This process is accompanied by a mechanically
induced phase transformation towards the α-form of
Li2TiO3; besides that, a significant amount of amorphous
materials is produced during milling. Structural disorder in
nanocrystalline as well as amorphous Li2TiO3 is anticipated
to play the capital role in governing Li ion dynamics of the
sample finally obtained.
Assessment of Rheology Variations of Cement Pastes Containing Clinker Grinding Aids Compliant With ASTM C465
Authors: Assaad Joseph J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
ASTM C465 (Standard Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010,www.astm.org) is widely used in the cement industry to evaluate variability of cement properties as a result of the addition of grinding aids (GAs). The standard specifies a series of physical and chemical tests to determine whether such additions detrimentally affect cement properties; however, it refrains from considering their effects on rheological properties. This paper seeks to assess the variations in yield stress (τ0) and viscosity (η) of cement pastes containing GAs compliant with ASTM C465. Three series of cement mixtures were ground for different Blaine fineness of 2880, 3460, and 4420 ± 100 cm2/g using various concentrations and types of GAs. Regardless of Blaine and GA type, the addition of increased GA concentrations leads to improved flowability together with reduced τ0 and η responses. For dosage rates satisfactory fulfilling ASTM C465, the variations of such responses with respect to control values obtained using cement ground without GA were found to reach −25 %, −30 %, and −40 % when clinker is ground with amine-, glycol-, and phenol-based GAs, respectively. The variations in τ0 and η are independent of the water-to-cement ratio, but tend to increase for higher GA concentration and increased cement fineness. Four threshold regions corresponding to −10 %, −20 %, −30 %, and −40 % were suggested to evaluate adaptability of ASTM C465 to reflect changes in rheological properties.
Modulus Estimation of Surrounding Soils of Underground Structures in Service
Authors: Llanca-Vargas Daniel , Breul Pierre , Bacconnet Claude 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Most underground structures in urban areas were built several decades ago and require diagnosis and maintenance to ensure their longevity. To ensure that diagnosis is as complete as possible, it is necessary to evaluate their state on three levels: structure lining, contact interface (soil/structure), and surrounding soil. However, at present, there is no fully appropriate technique for characterizing the parameters of surrounding soils and their variability in situ. This paper deals with a less invasive methodology used to obtain an estimation of the elasticity modulus of the surrounding soil of underground structures in service. The combined use of a dynamic lightweight penetrometric test (PANDA) and geoendoscopic tests permits estimating the deformation modulus of soils from the tip resistance (qd) for a given material and from relations established for different soil models. The paper first presents the complete methodology proposed for in situ soil characterization, then the experimental work carried out in the laboratory for obtaining the relations linking the penetration tip resistance to the elastic modulus for four soil models and for different density and moisture conditions. Finally, the performance and adaptability of the methodology for estimating soil-deformation modulus and its variability is demonstrated by in situ testing campaigns in the Paris subway network.
Numerical Investigation of Thermal Radiation Effects on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi M. Y. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method is an authoritative, prompt, and precise non-destructive practice. EIS is often used to understand the interfacial manners in electrochemical systems and for performance optimization, failure mode diagnosis, revealing dynamic properties, and for obtaining information on individual losses in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with measuring the current response of a fuel cell to a small sinusoidal perturbation in voltage. The difference in frequency response makes it possible to distinguish procedures and mechanisms in the electrochemical phenomenon that are happening at electrode shells. The purpose of the current study was to present modeling and simulation of the transient impedance of SOFC anodes caused by gas-phase transport processes with thermal radiation effects when a periodic variation of over potential is imposed. This model fully coupled electrochemical kinetics with gas phase diffusion. The electrochemistry at the anode was modeled using the Butler–Volmer equation, and the gas diffusion model was based on the species equations of Maxwell–Stefan. SOFCs are energy conversion devices that produce electricity and heat directly from fuel by electrochemical reaction. For evaluating the performance of SOFCs, efforts were devoted to developing numerical analysis tools capable of investigating the transport and electrochemical phenomena within the passageways of fuel cells. A simulation study was also carried out by changing parameters, such as temperature and the cell dimensions, and the results were discussed. The diameter of the impedance semicircle in Nyquist plot changes with flow field properties; hence the gas phase transport curb acting as a significant character in SOFC performance. This impedance feature is related to concentration polarization. The results were in qualitatively good agreement with experimental data. Finally, results showed that the considered thermal radiation effects increase the gas diffusion capacitance and decrease the pressure, density, H2 concentrations, and cell current.
Measuring Food Intake and Nutrient Absorption in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Gomez-Amaro Rafael L , Valentine Elizabeth R , Carretero Maria , LeBoeuf Sarah E , Rangaraju Sunitha , Broaddus Caroline D , Solis Gregory M , Williamson James R , Petrascheck Michael 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a powerful model to study the genetics of feeding, food-related behaviors, and metabolism. Despite the many advantages of C. elegans as a model organism, direct measurement of its bacterial food intake remains challenging. Here, we describe two complementary methods that measure the food intake of C. elegans. The first method is a microtiter plate-based bacterial clearing assay that measures food intake by quantifying the change in the optical density of bacteria over time. The second method, termed pulse feeding, measures the absorption of food by tracking de novo protein synthesis using a novel metabolic pulse-labeling strategy. Using the bacterial clearance assay, we compare the bacterial food intake of various C. elegans strains and show that long-lived eat mutants eat substantially more than previous estimates. To demonstrate the applicability of the pulse-feeding assay, we compare the assimilation of food for two C. elegans strains in response to serotonin. We show that serotonin-increased feeding leads to increased protein synthesis in a SER-7-dependent manner, including proteins known to promote aging. Protein content in the food has recently emerged as critical factor in determining how food composition affects aging and health. The pulse-feeding assay, by measuring de novo protein synthesis, represents an ideal method to unequivocally establish how the composition of food dictates protein synthesis. In combination, these two assays provide new and powerful tools for C. elegans research to investigate feeding and how food intake affects the proteome and thus the physiology and health of an organism.
Birds of the Reserva Biológica do Mato Grande and surroundings, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Vizentin-Bugoni Jeferson , Jacobs Fernando Pereira , Coimbra Marco Antônio Afonso , Dias Rafael Antunes 
Published: April 2015

The Reserva Biológica do Mato Grande encompasses 5,161 hectares of wetlands, restinga forests and grasslands in southern Brazil. Aiming to assemble a list of bird species occurring in the reserve, we carried out 21 monthly expeditions from July 2007 to March 2009 and an additional visit on October 2014, totaling 341 hours of sampling. We additionally searched for records in online databases and museums. In total, 211 species of birds were found, compared to 223.83 (SD = 3.88) and 214.68 (SD = 4.71) species respectively predicted through Jackknife 2 and Chao 2 estimations. Plegadis chihi was the most abundant bird roosting in the reserve. The area is important for the conservation of Circus cinereus, Spartonoica maluroides, Limnoctites rectirostris and Sporophila palustris, which are considered threatened or near-threatened in state, national and/or global levels. We emphasize the urgent need of implementing the Reserva Biológica do Mato Grande in order to conserve the regional avifauna.
Drinking Patterns in US Counties From 2002 to 2012
Authors: Dwyer-Lindgren Laura , Flaxman Abraham D. , Ng Marie , Hansen Gillian M. , Murray Christopher J. L. , Mokdad Ali H. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We estimated the prevalence of any drinking and binge drinking from 2002 to 2012 and heavy drinking from 2005 to 2012 in every US county. Methods. We applied small area models to Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. These models incorporated spatial and temporal smoothing and explicitly accounted for methodological changes to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System during this period. Results. We found large differences between counties in all measures of alcohol use: in 2012, any drinking prevalence ranged from 11.0% to 78.7%, heavy drinking prevalence ranged from 2.4% to 22.4%, and binge drinking prevalence ranged from 5.9% to 36.0%. Moreover, there was wide variation in the proportion of all drinkers who engaged in heavy or binge drinking. Heavy and binge drinking prevalence increased in most counties between 2005 and 2012, but the magnitude of change varied considerably. Conclusions. There are large differences within the United States in levels and recent trends in alcohol use. These estimates should be used as an aid in designing and implementing targeted interventions and to monitor progress toward reducing the burden of excessive alcohol use.
Oral Health Equity and Unmet Dental Care Needs in a Population-Based Sample: Findings From the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin
Authors: Malecki Kristen , Wisk Lauren E. , Walsh Matthew , McWilliams Christine , Eggers Shoshannah , Olson Melissa 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We used objective oral health screening and survey data to explore individual-, psychosocial-, and community-level predictors of oral health status in a statewide population of adults. Methods. We examined oral health status in a sample of 1453 adult Wisconsin residents who participated in the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin Oral Health Screening project, conducted with the Wisconsin Department of Health Services during 2010. Results. We found significant disparities in oral health status across all individual-, psychosocial-, and community-level predictors. More than 15% of participants had untreated cavities, and 20% did not receive needed oral health care. Individuals who self-reported unmet need for dental care were 4 times as likely to have untreated cavities as were those who did not report such a need, after controlling for sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Conclusions. Our results suggested that costs were a primary predictor of access to care and poor oral health status. The results underscored the role that primary care, in conjunction with dental health care providers, could play in promoting oral health care, particularly in reducing barriers (e.g., the costs associated with unmet dental care) and promoting preventive health behaviors (e.g., teeth brushing).
Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Endocrine Therapy Adherence in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Roberts Megan C. , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Reeder-Hayes Katherine 
Published: April 2015

We examined the current literature to understand factors that influence endocrine therapy (ET) adherence among racial/ethnic and socioeconomic subpopulations of breast cancer patients. We searched PubMed and PsycINFO databases for studies from January 1, 1978, to June 20, 2014, and January 1, 1991, to June 20, 2014, respectively, and hand-searched articles from relevant literature reviews. We abstracted and synthesized results within a social ecological framework.Fourteen articles met all inclusion criteria. The majority of included articles reported significant underuse of ET among minority and low-income women. Modifiable intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community-level factors are associated with ET use, and these factors vary across subgroups.Both race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status are associated with ET use in most settings. Variation in factors associated with ET use across subgroups indicates the need for more nuanced research and targeted interventions among breast cancer patients.
Association of Depressive Symptoms and Substance Use With Risky Sexual Behavior and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among African American Female Adolescents Seeking Sexual Health Care
Authors: Jackson Jerrold M. , Seth Puja , DiClemente Ralph J. , Lin Anne 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We examined how depression and substance use interacted to predict risky sexual behavior and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among African American female adolescents. Methods. We measured depressive symptoms, substance use, sexual behavior, and STIs in 701 African American female adolescents, aged 14 to 20 years, at baseline and at 6-month intervals for 36 months in Atlanta, Georgia (2005–2007). We used generalized estimating equation models to examine effects over the 36-month follow-up period. Results. At baseline, more than 40% of adolescents reported significant depressive symptoms; 64% also reported substance use in the 90 days before assessment. Depression was associated with recently incarcerated partner involvement, sexual sensation seeking, unprotected sex, and prevalent STIs (all P < .001). In addition, adolescents with depressive symptoms who reported any substance use (i.e., marijuana, alcohol, Ecstasy) were more likely to report incarcerated partner involvement, sexual sensation seeking, unprotected sex, and have an incident STI over the 36-month follow-up (all P < .05). Conclusions. African American female adolescents who reported depressive symptoms and substance use were more likely to engage in risky behavior and acquire incident STIs. This population might benefit from future prevention efforts targeting the intersection of depression and substance use.
Addressing Health Disparities in the Mental Health of Refugee Children and Adolescents Through Community-Based Participatory Research: A Study in 2 Communities
Authors: Betancourt Theresa S. , Frounfelker Rochelle , Mishra Tej , Hussein Aweis , Falzarano Rita 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We sought to understand the problems, strengths, and help-seeking behaviors of Somali Bantu and Bhutanese refugees and determine local expressions of mental health problems among youths in both communities. Methods. We used qualitative research methods to develop community needs assessments and identify local terms for child mental health problems among Somali Bantu and Bhutanese refugees in Greater Boston and Springfield, Massachusetts, between 2011 and 2014. A total of 56 Somali Bantu and 93 Bhutanese refugees participated in free list and key informant interviews. Results. Financial and language barriers impeded the abilities of families to assist youths who were struggling academically and socially. Participants identified resources both within and outside the refugee community to help with these problems. Both communities identified areas of distress corresponding to Western concepts of conduct disorders, depression, and anxiety. Conclusions. There are numerous challenges faced by Somali Bantu and Bhutanese youths, as well as strengths and resources that promote resilience. Future steps include using culturally informed methods for identifying those in need of services and developing community-based prevention programs.
Disparity in Naloxone Administration by Emergency Medical Service Providers and the Burden of Drug Overdose in US Rural Communities
Authors: Faul Mark , Dailey Michael W. , Sugerman David E. , Sasser Scott M. , Levy Benjamin , Paulozzi Len J. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We determined the factors that affect naloxone (Narcan) administration in drug overdoses, including the certification level of emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Methods. In 2012, 42 states contributed all or a portion of their ambulatory data to the National Emergency Medical Services Information System. We used a logistic regression model to measure the association between naloxone administration and emergency medical services certification level, age, gender, geographic location, and patient primary symptom. Results. The odds of naloxone administration were much higher among EMT-intermediates than among EMT-basics (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.5, 6.5). Naloxone use was higher in suburban areas than in urban areas (AOR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.3, 1.5), followed by rural areas (AOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.1, 1.3). Although the odds of naloxone administration were 23% higher in rural areas than in urban areas, the opioid drug overdose rate is 45% higher in rural communities. Conclusions. Naloxone is less often administered by EMT-basics, who are more common in rural areas. In most states, the scope-of-practice model prohibits naloxone administration by basic EMTs. Reducing this barrier could help prevent drug overdose death.
Health Care Spending and Utilization by Race/Ethnicity Under the Affordable Care Act’s Dependent Coverage Expansion
Authors: Chen Jie , Bustamante Arturo Vargas , Tom Sarah E. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We estimated the effect of the ACA expansion of dependents’ coverage on health care expenditures and utilization for young adults by race/ethnicity. Methods. We used difference-in-difference models to estimate the impact of the ACA expansion on health care expenditures, out-of-pocket payments (OOP) as a share of total health care expenditure, and utilization among young adults aged 19 to 26 years by race/ethnicity (White, African American, Latino, and other racial/ethnic groups), with adults aged 27 to 30 years as the control group. Results. In 2011 and 2012, White and African American young adults aged 19 to 26 years had significantly lower total health care spending compared with the 27 to 30 years cohort. OOP, as a share of health care expenditure, remained the same after the ACA expansion for all race/ethnicity groups. Changes in utilization following the ACA expansion among all racial/ethnic groups for those aged 19 to 26 years were not significant. Conclusions. Our study showed that the impact of the ACA expansion on health care expenditures differed by race/ethnicity.
Secular Trends, Race, and Geographic Disparity of Early-Stage Breast Cancer Incidence: 25 Years of Surveillance in Connecticut
Authors: Crabbe J. Christopher F. , Gregorio David I. , Samociuk Holly , Swede Helen 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We considered changes in the geographic distribution of early stage breast cancer among White and non-White women while secular trends in lifestyle and health care were under way. Methods. We aggregated tumor registry and census data by age, race, place of residence, and year of diagnosis to evaluate rate variation across Connecticut census tracts between 1985 and 2009. Global and local cluster detection tests were completed. Results. Age-adjusted incidence rates increased by 2.71% and 0.44% per year for White and non-White women, respectively. Significant global clustering was identified during surveillance of these populations, but the elements of clustering differed between groups. Among White women, fewer local clusters were detected after 1985 to 1989, whereas clustering increased over time among non-White women. Conclusions. Small-area variation of breast cancer incidence rates across time periods proved to be dynamic and race-specific. Incidence rates might have been affected by secular trends in lifestyle or health care. Single cross-sectional analyses might have confused our understanding of disease occurrence by not accounting for the social context in which patient preferences or provider capacity influence the numbers and locations of diagnosed cases. Serial analyses are recommended to identify “hot spots” where persistent geographic disparities in incidence occur.
Femoral Head-Trunnion Dissociation Secondary to Corrosion of a Modular Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Arvinte Dan , Kiran Manish , Sood Manoj 
Published: April 2015

Case:
We report a rare case of modular femoral head-trunnion dissociation. The patient presented with a sudden onset of groin pain and an inability to bear weight. Intermittent clunking was reported to have started around five years after implantation of the hip replacement. The duration of symptoms, radiographic findings, and analysis of the retrieved components support the theory of chronic trunnion failure due to corrosion.

Conclusion:
This is, to our knowledge, the first case of dissociation of the femoral head from the trunnion in which substantial macroscopic wear of the trunnion was observed and likely contributed to the dissociation. A new onset of clicking or clunking should be investigated as it may be a harbinger of head-neck dissociation.
Bilateral Atypical Femoral Fracture in a Man on Long-Term Bisphosphonate and Glucocorticoid Therapy
Authors: Román Manuel , de Prado Antonio , Rodríguez de Tembleque Federico 
Published: April 2015

Case:
We present here, to our knowledge, the first case of a male patient with a sequential bilateral atypical femoral fracture associated with long-term use of bisphosphonates to treat glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.

Conclusions:
Given the known effectiveness of bisphosphonates, both their use and the potential complication of rare atypical femoral fractures have increased. These fractures are understood to occur when there is an alteration in the bone quality and its resistance to fatigue fracture in a subgroup of patients receiving bisphosphonates or denosumab.