bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of extended lymphadenectomy in patients with resectable gastric cancer
Authors: Jiang L , Yang K-H , Chen Y , Guan Q-L , Zhao P , Tian J-H , Wang Q 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
The extent of lymphadenectomy in the treatment of gastric cancer has been debated for more than two decades. This meta-analysis sought to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of extended lymphadenectomy in patients with gastric cancer.

Methods
A comprehensive search was performed to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing the outcomes of D1 and D2 dissection for gastric cancer in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Science Citation Index, Web of Science and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database in any language from inception of the database to March 2012. Meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager software.

Results
Eight RCTs including a total of 2044 patients (D1, 1042; D2, 1002) were eligible for meta-analysis. Five-year survival and haemorrhage rates were similar in the two groups. There were significant differences in morbidity, anastomotic leakage, pancreatic leakage, reoperation rates, wound infection, pulmonary complications and postoperative mortality, all of which favoured D1 dissection. Subgroup analysis indicated a trend towards lower gastric cancer-related mortality in patients undergoing D2 dissection who did not also have resection of the spleen or pancreas.

Conclusion
D2 dissection was associated with a significantly higher postoperative risk. A trend towards lower gastric cancer-related mortality was found following D2 dissection that did not include resection of the spleen or pancreas, but further long-term survival data are needed to determine whether there is a specific survival benefit after D2 dissection.
Enzyme 15‐lipoxygenase 1 promotes hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α turnover and reduces vascular endothelial growth factor expression: implications for angiogenesis
Authors: Zhong Hua , Wang Ruoxiang , Kelavkar Uddhav , Wang Christopher Y. , Simons Jonathan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) is the regulatory subunit of the heterodimeric HIF‐1 that plays a critical role in transcriptional regulation of genes in angiogenesis and hypoxic adaptation, while fatty acid metabolism mediated by lipoxygenases has been implicated in a variety of pathogeneses, including cancers. In this study, we report that 15‐lipoxygenase 1 (15‐LO1), a key member of the lipoxygenase family, promotes HIF‐1α ubiquitination and degradation. Altering the level of 15‐LO1 yields inverse changes in HIF‐1α and HIF‐1 transcriptional activity, under both normoxia and hypoxia, and even in CoCl2‐treated cells where HIF‐1α has been artificially elevated. The antagonistic effect of 15‐LO1 is mediated by the Pro564/hydroxylation/26S proteasome system, while both the enzymatic activity and the intracellular membrane‐binding function of 15‐LO1 appear to contribute to HIF‐1α suppression. Our findings provide a novel mechanism for HIF‐1α regulation, in which oxygen‐dependent HIF‐1 activity is modulated by an oxygen‐insensitive lipid metabolic enzyme.
The importance of oral examination facial trauma: recognition of the Guerin sign in Le Fort 1 injuries
Authors: Kassam Karim , Kumar Mahesh 
Published: March 2014

Key Clinical MessageFacial Trauma is common. The emergency physician should conduct a thorough examination of the oral tissues. A laceration in the palate can be easily missed and should be elicited. Failure to identify a split palate can result in severe dentofacial deformity.
Contribution of Cytosine‐Containing Cyclobutane Dimers to DNA Damage Produced by Photosensitized Triplet–Triplet Energy Transfer
Authors: Douki Thierry , Bérard Izabel , Wack Aude , Andrä Sigrid 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMutagenic cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) can be induced in DNA through either direct excitation or photosensitized triplet–triplet energy transfer (TTET). In the latter pathway, thymines are expected to receive the excitation energy from the photosensitizer and react with adjacent pyrimidines. By using state‐of‐the art analytical tools, we provide herein additional information on the formation of cytosine‐containing CPDs. We thus determined the yield of all possible CPDs upon TTET in a series of natural DNAs with various base compositions. We show that the distribution of CPDs cannot be explained only by excitation of individual thymines. We propose that the mechanism for TTET involves at least dinucleotides as the minimal targets. The observation of the formation of cytosine–cytosine CPDs also suggests that additional pathways are involved in this photosensitized reaction.
Long‐term use of valproic acid in US veterans is associated with a reduced risk of smoking‐related cases of head and neck cancer
Authors: Kang Hyunseok , Gillespie Theresa W. , Goodman Michael , Brodie Seth A. , Brandes Mina , Ribeiro Maria , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Shin Dong M. , Khuri Fadlo R. , Brandes Johann Christoph 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUNDEpigenetic events play a major role in the carcinogenesis of tobacco‐related cancers. The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the effects of exposure to the anticonvulsant agent valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on the risk of developing cancers of the lung, head and neck, prostate, bladder, and colon.METHODSThe study was based on the 2002 through 2008 National Veterans Affairs (VA) medical SAS data set linked to the VA Central Cancer Registry. The cohort was defined as subjects aged > 40 years who were followed in the VA system for at least 1 year for 1 of 4 diagnoses for which a VPA indication exists (bipolar disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, migraines, and seizures). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazards ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) reflecting the association between use of VPA and cancer incidence.RESULTSVPA use was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of cancers of the head and neck (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48‐0.92). Additional associations were noted with the duration of treatment and median VPA drug levels. No significant differences in cancer incidence were observed for cancers of the lung (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.84‐1.19), bladder (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.64‐1.15), colon (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.74‐1.22), and prostate (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.88‐1.12).CONCLUSIONSUse of VPA is associated with a lower risk of developing head and neck cancers. Cancer 2014;120:1394–1400. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Use and impact of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with resected non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Williams Christina D. , Gajra Ajeet , Ganti Apar K. , Kelley Michael J. 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUNDDespite clinical trials demonstrating improved survival with adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stages I to III non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it is unclear whether this survival benefit extends to broader populations. The current study evaluated patterns of AC use and examined the impact of AC on survival.METHODSA retrospective analysis was conducted of patients in the Veterans Affairs Central Cancer Registry diagnosed with stages IB to IIIA NSCLC between 2001 and 2008. Descriptive statistics were used to examine patterns of AC use over an 8‐year time period. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to estimate hazards ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to compare mortality risk among patients treated with and without AC.RESULTSAmong 14,306 patients with stages IB to IIIA NSCLC, 4929 underwent surgery and 22% of these received AC. The percentages of patients diagnosed in 2001 through 2003, 2004 through 2005, and 2006 through 2008 receiving AC were 7.0%, 29.8%, and 29.5%, respectively. There was no survival benefit with AC noted for patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2003, but AC was associated with improved survival for the period between 2004 and 2005 (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67‐0.91) and 2006 through 2008 (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69‐0.91). Of those patients receiving AC, 89% received platinum‐doublet chemotherapy. Carboplatin remained the most common agent, although cisplatin use reached 43% in the period between 2006 and 2008. The HR for cisplatin relative to carboplatin was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.80‐1.15).CONCLUSIONSThere was a significant increase in the use of AC between 2001 and 2008 and AC was associated with an improvement in overall survival. Cancer 2014;120:1939–1947. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Characterizing the BP Stretching Vibration in Phosphorus‐Substituted Phosphine Boranes
Authors: Reinemann Dana N. , Tschumper Gregory S. , Hammer Nathan I. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe experimental Raman spectra of three phosphorus‐substituted phosphine boranes with bulky hydrocarbon substituents are presented and compared to the results of electronic structure computations by using the M06‐2X method and the 6‐311G(2df, 2pd) basis set. Total‐energy distributions (TEDs) are calculated to describe the degree of mixing of the dative‐bond stretching vibration with other simple internal coordinates. This level of theory is found to accurately reproduce the BP stretching frequency in all three crystalline solids. The Raman spectra of five smaller BP‐containing molecules, including BH3PH3, are also simulated at this level of theory and compared to previous experimental results.
Synthesis and Contact Angle Measurements of Janus Particles
Authors: Synytska Alla , Kirillova M. Sc.Alina , Isa Lucio 
Published: March 2014

AbstractJanus particles are objects with two distinct domains of different surface chemistries that give them an amphiphilic character. The coexistence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains makes them suitable models for biological objects (e.g., proteins) and enables their use as “particle surfactants”. Since the time of their initial discovery, numerous strategies have been proposed for the realisation of Janus particles with variable and controlled size/functionality of the two surface domains. Owing to experimental limitations though, it has been rarely possible to ascertain and characterise the amphiphilic nature of the particles. We present here new results on the synthesis of spherical Janus microparticles with controlled surface chemistries and Janus ratios and on the measurement of their contact angle in situ at an oil–water interface, using freeze‐fracture, shadow‐casting cryo‐scanning electron microscopy.
Optimized flow cytometry isolation of murine spermatocytes
Authors: Gaysinskaya Valeriya , Soh Ina Y. , van der Heijden Godfried W. , Bortvin Alex 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMeiotic prophase I (MPI), is an initial stage of meiosis characterized by intricate homologous chromosome interactions, synapsis, and DNA recombination. These processes depend on the complex, but poorly understood early MPI events of homologous chromosome search, alignment, and pairing. Detailed molecular investigation of these early events requires isolation of individual MPI substages. Enrichment for Pachytene (P) and Diplotene (D) substages of late MPI was previously accomplished using flow cytometry. However, separation of early MPI spermatocytes, specifically, of Leptotene (L) and Zygotene (Z) substages, has been a challenge due to these cells' similar characteristics. In this report, we describe an optimized Hoechst‐33342 (Hoechst)‐based flow cytometry approach for isolating individual MPI populations from adult mouse testis. We get significant enrichment for individual L and Z spermatocytes, previously inseparable from each other, and optimize the isolation of other MPI substages. Our flow cytometry approach is a combination of three optimized strategies. The first is optimization of testis dissociation protocol that yields more consistent and reproducible testicular single cell suspension. The second involves optimization of flow cytometric gating protocol where a critical addition to the standard protocol for cell discrimination based on Hoechst fluorescence, involves a back‐gating technique based on light scattering parameters. This step specifies selection of individual MPI substages. The third, is an addition of DNA content restriction to the gating protocol to minimize contamination from non‐meiotic cells. Finally, we confirm significant enrichment of high‐purity Preleptotene (PreL), L, Z, P, and D MPI spermatocytes using stage‐specific marker distribution. The technique will facilitate understanding of the molecular events underlying MPI. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Integrated chip‐based physiometer for automated fish embryo toxicity biotests in pharmaceutical screening and ecotoxicology
Authors: Akagi Jin , Zhu Feng , Hall Chris J. , Crosier Kathryn E. , Crosier Philip S. , Wlodkowic Donald 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTransgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) models of human diseases have recently emerged as innovative experimental systems in drug discovery and molecular pathology. None of the currently available technologies, however, allow for automated immobilization and treatment of large numbers of spatially encoded transgenic embryos during real‐time developmental analysis. This work describes the proof‐of‐concept design and validation of an integrated 3D microfluidic chip‐based system fabricated directly in the poly(methyl methacrylate) transparent thermoplastic using infrared laser micromachining. At its core, the device utilizes an array of 3D micromechanical traps to actively capture and immobilize single embryos using a low‐pressure suction. It also features built‐in piezoelectric microdiaphragm pumps, embryo‐trapping suction manifold, drug delivery manifold, and optically transparent indium tin oxide heating element to provide optimal temperature during embryo development. Furthermore, we present design of the proof‐of‐concept off‐chip electronic interface equipped with robotic servo actuator driven stage, innovative servomotor‐actuated pinch valves, and embedded miniaturized fluorescent USB microscope. Our results showed that the innovative device has 100% embryo‐trapping efficiency while supporting normal embryo development for up to 72 hr in a confined microfluidic environment. We also showed data that this microfluidic system can be readily applied to kinetic analysis of a panel of investigational antiangiogenic agents in transgenic zebrafish lines. The optical transparency and embryo immobilization allow for convenient visualization of developing vasculature patterns in response to drug treatment without the need for specimen re‐positioning. The integrated electronic interfaces bring the lab‐on‐a‐chip systems a step closer to realization of complete analytical automation. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
The effect of hexagonal grid topology on wireless communication networks based on network coding
Authors: Shang Tao , Huang Fu‐Hua , Mao Ke‐Fei , Liu Jian‐Wei 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYNetwork coding has emerged as a promising technology that can provide significant improvements in the performance of wireless communication networks. Inspired by the recent advances in complex networks, we herein study the effect of topology structure on the performance benefit of network coding based on a highly structured wireless communication network with hexagonal grid topology. We propose a new concept called ‘network intensity’, namely γ to characterize the property of hexagonal grid topology. We first derive a value of 12 ∕ 7 for the upper bound on performance benefit in a single regular hexagon network. This value holds only if the network intensity is in the case of . Based on the results in a single regular hexagon network, we then derive a value of 16 ∕ 7 for the upper bound on performance benefit in a general hexagonal grid network only if the network intensity is in the case of . Furthermore, a comparative analysis demonstrates that the network intensity affects the performance benefit of network coding in terms of the interference and the coding number. These findings will contribute to the design of network topology and the analysis of the bound on the performance benefit of network coding in wireless communication networks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Open‐Framework Beryllium Hydrogen Phosphates with (3,4)‐Connected Networks
Authors: Wang Kangcai , Luo Daibing , Xu Dingguo , Liu Lin , Lin Zhien 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFour beryllium hydrogen phosphates, Be2(Hea)(PO4)(HPO4) (1), Him·Be3(OH)(HPO4)3 (2a), Hpy·Be3(OH)(HPO4)3 (2b), and Hma·Be1.5(HPO4)2·0.5H2O (3) in which ea = ethanolamine, im = imidazole, py = pyridine, and ma = methylamine, were synthesized under solvothermal conditions. All compounds have open‐framework structures with (3,4)‐connected networks. Compound 1 features a neutral inorganic–organic hybrid framework with an interrupted zeolitic GIS topology. The dual role of the amine molecules as charge‐balancing agents and coordinating agents to the beryllium atoms is noteworthy. Compounds 2a and 2b are isostructural, and they have an AFI‐related framework with elliptical 12‐ring channels. Compound 3 has a 3D structure with 4.82 layers pillared by corner‐sharing four‐ring chains. It represents the first example of an open‐framework beryllium hydrogen phosphate with 16‐ring channels.
Power Generation from Biogas using SOFC – Results for a 1 kWe Demonstration Unit
Authors: Dietrich R.‐U. , Oelze J. , Lindermeir A. , Spieker C. , Spitta C. , Steffen M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA stand‐alone system for power generation from biogas‐based on a commercial SOFC module in the 1 kWe range shall demonstrate its applicability to biogas, quantify the efficiency gain compared to conventional combined heat and power technology and justify further development toward SOFC modules in the hundreds of kilowatt range. The system includes biogas cleaning, combined dry and steam reforming, electrochemical oxidation of synthesis gas, offgas burning, and heat usage for steam generation and support of the endothermic reforming reaction. The system demonstrated a performance of 1 kWe at 52% gross efficiency for a synthetic biogas containing 55 vol.% CH4 during 500 h in the lab. In addition, the performance using real biogas derived from the wastewater treatment process of a sugar plant was demonstrated for different operating points. Based on the experimentally validated results, it is possible to predict the benefit of operating larger SOFC biogas systems. Investment costs of 2.5 times compared to the conventional technology of a 75 kWe biogas unit get paid off due to higher electricity revenues over time.
Co‐Generation of Electric Power and Carbon Nanotubes from Dimethyl Ether (DME)
Authors: Sun W. , Zhang S. , Liu W. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCoking occurs easily and would significantly degrade the electrochemical performance for hydrocarbon‐fueled solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Here, we report an integrated device combining a SOFC and a stainless steel tubing as catalyst for hydrocarbon pyrolysis in the upstream of the fuel cell. Considerable carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are grown around the outside of the stainless steel tubing when dimethyl ether (DME) is fed to the device, which dramatically reduces the C:O ratio in the fuel reaching the cell anode. Correspondingly, the carbon‐removal reforming significantly prolongs the performance stability of the fuel cell compared to that directly fueled by DME. The present results suggest that hydrocarbons can be utilized more efficiently and economically by combining a SOFC and a fix‐bed reactor containing catalysts for CNTs formation, accompanying with the co‐generation of electric power and CNTs.
The DIME System: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Mani Ganesh 
Published: March 2014

AbstractInvestment management is a complex, yet promising, domain for the application of intelligent automation. In this paper we discuss the Diversified Investment Management Expert (DIME) system which is under development. DIME is designed to operate in a dynamic environment and hence one of its salient features is its knowledge acquisition via learning. The system starts out with some rules built into it, and machine‐learning techniques are used to acquire further knowledge with time. In this paper we focus on how similarity‐based learning (SBL) is used to acquire new rules and explanation‐based learning (EBL) to refine the built‐in rules and the newly acquired ones.
Evaluating Expert Systems in a Financial Domain: A Study Demonstrating Issues in Case Selection, Validation Standards and Evaluator Bias
Authors: Brown Carol E. , Nielson Norma L. , Phillips Mary Ellen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article describes and generalizes a validation study of four commercially available personal financial planning expert systems and the rationale for the research methodology used. Our evaluation of these systems adds to the understanding of verification and validation issues related to case selection, validation standards and evaluator bias. The article describes the systems, their domain and the empirical method—field tests using hypothetical cases—and relates that method to the literature. Comparing same‐task systems combines multiple system perspectives and multiple models. Our methodology did efficiently and effectively identify conflicting terminology, omissions and system weaknesses but was inadequate for comparing the complex plan recommendations. The results re‐emphasize the importance of continual knowledge base updating, formal system testing and the need for external evaluation. The results also show the value of comparing multiple, same‐task systems.
ICARE: A Knowledge‐Based Underwriting System
Authors: Lecot Koenraad 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper reports on the development of ICARE (Intelligent Computer Assisted Risk Evaluation), a knowledge‐based system for underwriting personal lines of insurance at a large insurance company. ICARE uses rule‐based and object‐oriented programming techniques to implement the subjective decision processes of expert underwriters for automobile insurance lines. The system is an easy‐to‐understand, easy‐to‐maintain, and efficient software program in which nontechnical underwriters can maintain their own knowledge base of underwriting rules and guidelines.
Organizational Health Maintenance: The Design of a Knowledge‐Based Strategy Support System
Authors: Hine M.J. , Goul M. , Philippakis A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRather than reacting to strategic problems, a healthy organization should focus on preventing debilitating strategic decisions. This research takes the view that the implementation and monitoring of strategic plans should be more open to opportunistic and preventive intervention as made possible by the design and implementation of innovative information systems technologies employing recent knowledge‐based systems advancements. A knowledge‐based alerting approach to organizational health maintenance (OHM) is developed. Critical to this approach is the determination of a set of triggers for determining when actions are deemed necessary for preventing strategic problems. An OHM System architecture and implementation are described.
The Impact of Expert Systems in Accounting: System Characteristics, Productivity and Work Unit Effects
Authors: O'Keefe Robert M. , O'Leary Daniel , Rebne Douglas , Chung Q. B. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractUsing a framework derived from Perrow, we have investigated the impact of expert systems in accounting at the work unit level. The results of a survey are presented. Information on 36 implemented systems was collected from participants at two recent workshops on artificial intelligence in accounting and business. A number of commonly suggested advantages of expert systems are observed. We find some significant differences between variables for the two major application areas in accounting, namely tax and auditing. This suggests that where benefits arise from differs depending upon the underlying task domain.