bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural‐based tunneling: preserving mutual anonymity for circular P2P networks
Authors: Naghizadeh A. , Berenjian S. , Meamari E. , Atani R. Ebrahimi 
Published: August 2015

SummaryMany methods are suggested to preserve anonymity of users for peer‐to‐peer (P2P) networks. Most of these methods, by relying on established anonymous solutions on client/server applications, are presented for unstructured P2P networks. However, structured overlays, by using distributed hash tables for their routing, do not resemble traditional paradigms. Therefore, current anonymous methods cannot be implemented for them easily. In this paper, we introduce structural‐based tunneling (SBT) to provide mutual anonymity for circular P2P structures. In this method, we get help from inherited features of network infrastructure to establish a standard way for making tunnels. SBT introduces a flexible design that is able to manage different parts of the tunnels on current infrastructures. For this purpose, we incorporate SBT with Chord to show how such design can be managed for real‐world applications. The results of applied method with simulations show that by managing critical features of SBT, a trade‐off can be made between stronger security and performance of the network. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Candidate gene–environment interactions and their relationships with timing of breeding in a wild bird population
Authors: Bourret Audrey , Garant Dany 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMonitoring and predicting evolutionary changes underlying current environmental modifications are complex challenges. Recent approaches to achieve these objectives include assessing the genetic variation and effects of candidate genes on traits indicating adaptive potential. In birds, for example, short tandem repeat polymorphism at four candidate genes (CLOCK, NPAS2, ADCYAP1, and CREB1) has been linked to variation in phenological traits such as laying date and timing of migration. However, our understanding of their importance as evolutionary predictors is still limited, mainly because the extent of genotype–environment interactions (GxE) related to these genes has yet to be assessed. Here, we studied a population of Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) over 4 years in southern Québec (Canada) to assess the relationships between those four candidate genes and two phenological traits related to reproduction (laying date and incubation duration) and also determine the importance of GxE in this system. Our results showed that NPAS2 female genotypes were nonrandomly distributed across the study system and formed a longitudinal cline with longer genotypes located to the east. We observed relationships between length polymorphism at all candidate genes and laying date and/or incubation duration, and most of these relationships were affected by environmental variables (breeding density, latitude, or temperature). In particular, the positive relationships detected between laying date and both CLOCK and NPAS2 female genotypes were variable depending on breeding density. Our results suggest that all four candidate genes potentially affect timing of breeding in birds and that GxE are more prevalent and important than previously reported in this context.
Uplift of deck or footings in bridges with distributed mass subjected to transverse earthquake
Authors: Fardis Michael N. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe eigenvalue problem is analytically formulated in symmetric bridges with distributed mass and moment of inertia under transverse earthquake. The piers are elastically supported on the ground. The deck is monolithically connected to one or two piers for all degrees of freedom and restrained or transversely free at the abutments. The characteristic equation, symmetric normal modes, modal participation factors, and participating mass ratios are given analytically. The problem is expressed in terms of few dimensionless parameters: (i) the radius of gyration of the deck mass divided by the pier height; (ii) the ratio of the rotational stiffness of a footing to that of the pier at the base; (iii) the ratio of flexural stiffness of the outer spans to those of the pier; (iv) the ratio of torsional stiffness of side spans to the rotational stiffness of the pier top; (v) for two piers, the side‐to‐central‐span ratio. Modal response spectrum analysis gives the moment at the base of the footings and the torque in the deck at its supports on the abutments as ratios to the values at incipient uplifting from the ground or the bearings. The peak ground acceleration of the motion at the onset of either one of these two types of nonlinearity is depicted as a function of the dimensionless parameters and the fundamental period of an elastic deck supported only at the abutments, or of a rigid deck on piers fixed against rotation at top and bottom. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population plasma and urine pharmacokinetics of ivabradine and its active metabolite S18982 in healthy Korean volunteers
Authors: Choi Hee Youn , Bae Kyun‐Seop , Cho Sang‐Heon , Ghim Jong‐Lyul , Choe Sangmin , Jung Jin Ah , Lim Hyeong‐Seok 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIvabradine, a selective inhibitor of the pacemaker current (If), is used for heart failure and coronary heart disease and is mainly metabolized to S18982. The purpose of this study was to explore the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ivabradine and S18982 in healthy Korean volunteers. Subjects in a phase I study were randomized to receive 2.5, 5, or 10 mg of ivabradine administered every 12 hours for 4.5 days, and serial plasma and urine concentrations of ivabradine and S18982 were measured. The plasma PK of ivabradine was best described by a 2‐compartment model with mixed 0‐ and first‐order absorption, linked to a 2‐compartment model for S18982. The introduction of interoccasional variabilities and period as covariate into absorption‐related parameters improved the model fit. Urine data have been applied to estimate renal and nonrenal clearance, enabling a more detailed description of the elimination process. We developed a population PK model describing the plasma and urine PK of ivabradine and S18982 in healthy Korean adult males. This model might be useful for predicting the plasma and urine PK of ivabradine, potentially helping to identify the optimal dosing regimens in various clinical situations.
Competence Enhancement and Anticipated Emotion as Motivational Drivers of Brand Attachment
Authors: Proksch Michael , Orth Ulrich R. , Cornwell T. Bettina 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTFocusing on the motivational processes underlying consumer attachments to brands, this research examines how competence enhancement and anticipated emotion (anxiety and joy) contribute to attachment. Personal attachment style (attachment anxiety) and type of motivation (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) are included as individual differences. Employing two field studies across different contexts indicates that competence enhancement leads to stronger attachments with anticipated anxiety (avoidance) and joy (approach) mediating this relationship. Analyses of moderated mediation further show that the effect mediated through anticipated emotion is stronger under conditions of high extrinsic and low intrinsic motivation, and when individual attachment anxiety is low. Implications for brand attachment research and management are discussed.
Correlates of weight stigma in adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic literature review
Authors: Papadopoulos Stephanie , Brennan Leah 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveWhile evidence regarding associations between weight stigma and biopsychosocial outcomes is accumulating, outcomes are considered in isolation. Thus, little is known about their complex relationships. This article extends existing work by systematically reviewing the biopsychosocial consequences of stigma in adults with overweight/obesity.MethodsArticles were identified through Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Independent extraction of articles was conducted using predefined data fields, including data on biopsychosocial correlates in each study.ResultsTwenty‐three studies published from 2001 and addressing correlates of stigma in adults with overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg m−2; 18‐65 years) were identified. Numerous biopsychosocial correlates of weight stigma were studied, particularly in treatment‐seeking individuals. Available research shows that weight stigma is consistently associated with medication non‐adherence, mental health, anxiety, perceived stress, antisocial behavior, substance use, coping strategies, and social support. Biopsychosocial correlates were not considered in combination in research. Psychological correlates were well documented in comparison to biological and social correlates for each weight stigma type. There were some indications that associations are stronger once stigma is internalized.ConclusionsWhile there is evidence for biopsychosocial correlates of weight stigma, these are not considered in combination in research; thus their inter‐relationships are unknown. Conclusions from the review are limited by this and the small number of studies, types of designs, and variables considered.
Positional information in axolotl and mouse limb extracellular matrix is mediated via heparan sulfate and fibroblast growth factor during limb regeneration in the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)
Authors: Phan Anne Q. , Lee Jangwoo , Oei Michelle , Flath Craig , Hwe Caitlyn , Mariano Rachele , Vu Tiffany , Shu Cynthia , Dinh Andrew , Simkin Jennifer , Muneoka Ken , Bryant Susan V. , Gardiner David M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUrodele amphibians are unique among adult vertebrates in their ability to regenerate complex body structures after traumatic injury. In salamander regeneration, the cells maintain a memory of their original position and use this positional information to recreate the missing pattern. We used an in vivo gain‐of‐function assay to determine whether components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) have positional information required to induce formation of new limb pattern during regeneration. We discovered that salamander limb ECM has a position‐specific ability to either inhibit regeneration or induce de novo limb structure, and that this difference is dependent on heparan sulfates that are associated with differential expression of heparan sulfate sulfotransferases. We also discovered that an artificial ECM containing only heparan sulfate was sufficient to induce de novo limb pattern in salamander limb regeneration. Finally, ECM from mouse limbs is capable of inducing limb pattern in axolotl blastemas in a position‐specific, developmental‐stage‐specific, and heparan sulfate‐dependent manner. This study demonstrates a mechanism for positional information in regeneration and establishes a crucial functional link between salamander regeneration and mammals.
Privacy‐preserving authorization method for mashups
Authors: Yan Danfeng , Tian Yuan , Yang Fangchun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMashups, which use multiple sources to create a new service, emerged as an evolution of Web 2.0. However, scalable access control for mashups is difficult. To enable a mashup to gather data from legacy applications and services, users must obey as the mashup host orders. These orders are created without any standard or limits about the privacy protection. This authorization approach violated the principle of least privilege and leaves users vulnerable to misuse of their private information by malicious mashups. To overcome the limitations, we introduce the privacy‐preserving authorization method for mashups, which encapsulates the data of backend services with different private sensitivity degrees before the authorization process executes. We also give the data–user relationship model to make standard for backend services when defining private sensitivity degrees of users' data. In this progress, standard encapsulation file and authorization file are created successively. In the end, the authorization steps, which could be set stored for regular use of the mashups, are created based on the authorization mechanism and authorization file. The proposed method mainly focuses on the users and backend services, which are the real data owners. Through this method, users have the ability to observe and control the data involved in the mashup, and the backend services can take the responsibility of their users' private information protecting. In the end of the paper, the application example and a series of experimental study are given to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of this method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parents’ Experience with Pediatric Microarray: Transferrable Lessons in the Era of Genomic Counseling
Authors: Hayeems R. Z. , Babul‐Hirji R. , Hoang N. , Weksberg R. , Shuman C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAdvances in genome‐based microarray and sequencing technologies hold tremendous promise for understanding, better‐managing and/or preventing disease and disease‐related risk. Chromosome microarray technology (array based comparative genomic hybridization [aCGH]) is widely utilized in pediatric care to inform diagnostic etiology and medical management. Less clear is how parents experience and perceive the value of this technology. This study explored parents’ experiences with aCGH in the pediatric setting, focusing on how they make meaning of various types of test results. We conducted in‐person or telephone‐based semi‐structured interviews with parents of 21 children who underwent aCGH testing in 2010. Transcripts were coded and analyzed thematically according to the principles of interpretive description. We learned that parents expect genomic tests to be of personal use; their experiences with aCGH results characterize this use as intrinsic in the test's ability to provide a much sought‐after answer for their child's condition, and instrumental in its ability to guide care, access to services, and family planning. In addition, parents experience uncertainty regardless of whether aCGH results are of pathogenic, uncertain, or benign significance; this triggers frustration, fear, and hope. Findings reported herein better characterize the notion of personal utility and highlight the pervasive nature of uncertainty in the context of genomic testing. Empiric research that links pre‐test counseling content and psychosocial outcomes is warranted to optimize patient care.
Dietary intake of calcium and magnesium and the metabolic syndrome in the National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES) 2001–2010 data
Authors: Moore-Schiltz Laura , Albert Jeffrey M. , Singer Mendel E. , Swain James , Nock Nora L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHigher dietary intakes of Mg and Ca, individually, have been associated with a decreased risk for the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). Experimental studies suggest that a higher intra-cellular ratio of Ca:Mg, which may be induced by a diet high in Ca and low in Mg, may lead to hypertension and insulin resistance. However, no previous epidemiological studies have examined the effects of the combined intake of Mg and Ca on MetSyn. Thus, we evaluated the association between dietary intakes of Ca and Mg (using 24-h recalls), independently and in combination, and MetSyn in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study 2001–2010 data, which included 9148 adults (4549 men and 4599 women), with complete information on relevant nutrient, demographic, anthropometric and biomarker variables. We found an inverse association between the highest (>355 mg/d)v. the lowest (<197 mg/d) quartile of Mg and MetSyn (OR 0·70; 95 % CI 0·57, 0·86). Women who met the RDA for both Mg (310–320 mg/d) and Ca (1000–1200 mg/d) had the greatest reduced odds of MetSyn (OR 0·59; 95 % CI 0·45, 0·76). In men, meeting the RDA for Mg (400–420 mg/d) and Ca (1000–1200 mg/d), individually or in combination, was not associated with MetSyn; however, men with intakes in the highest quartile for Mg (≥386 mg/d) and Ca (≥1224 mg/d) had a lower odds of MetSyn (OR 0·74; 95 % CI 0·59, 0·93). Our results suggest that women who meet the RDA for Mg and Ca have a reduced odds of MetSyn but men may require Ca levels higher than the RDA to be protected against MetSyn.
An analysis of dorsal edge markings in short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) from the Bay of Gibraltar and the Moray Firth
Authors: Bamford Connor Christian George , Robinson Kevin Peter 
Published: August 2015

In the present study, short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphisL.) from the Bay of Gibraltar (GIB) and the Moray Firth (MF) were examined to document the relative frequency, distribution and shape of dorsal edge markings (DEMs) in the species and investigate potential causes for their occurrence. A dorsal fin layout system was used to map the relative positions and shapes of presenting DEMs along the anterior/posterior and upper/lower fin margin from 617 animals. A total of 1989 DEMs were extracted from the combined datasets, with individuals exhibiting between one and 11 nicks (median = 3). DEMs (in the form of tears, nicks, notches and indents) were primarily observed along the posterior trailing edges of fins, with the highest concentration being recorded in the upper region of the posterior fin (80.3%). Approximately 80% of all DEMs were round or rectangular in shape. Square (notched) and indented nick shapes were further recorded, but in significantly lower numbers. In contrast to all other nick shapes however, indented DEMs predominantly occurred along the anterior fin margin. Both natural and anthropogenic sources were implicated as causes of DEMs in the dataset. Interactions with fisheries were apparent in both GIB and MF animals and evidently present a threat to both populations. Indeed, the occurrence, prevalence and type of presenting DEM and/or fin injuries (e.g. missing fins or disfigurements) in the species may provide a useful measure of the type and intensity of fisheries interactions affecting different populations.
The activated sludge ecosystem contains a core community of abundant organisms
Authors: Saunders Aaron M , Albertsen Mads , Vollertsen Jes , Nielsen Per H 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Understanding the microbial ecology of a system requires that the observed population dynamics can be linked to their metabolic functions. However, functional characterization is laborious and the choice of organisms should be prioritized to those that are frequently abundant (core) or transiently abundant, which are therefore putatively make the greatest contribution to carbon turnover in the system. We analyzed the microbial communities in 13 Danish wastewater treatment plants with nutrient removal in consecutive years and a single plant periodically over 6 years, using Illumina sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA amplicons of the V4 region. The plants contained a core community of 63 abundant genus-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that made up 68% of the total reads. A core community consisting of abundant OTUs was also observed within the incoming wastewater to three plants. The net growth rate for individual OTUs was quantified using mass balance, and it was found that 10% of the total reads in the activated sludge were from slow or non-growing OTUs, and that their measured abundance was primarily because of immigration with the wastewater. Transiently abundant organisms were also identified. Among them the genus Nitrotoga (class Betaproteobacteria) was the most abundant putative nitrite oxidizer in a number of activated sludge plants, which challenges previous assumptions that Nitrospira (phylum Nitrospirae) are the primary nitrite-oxidizers in activated sludge systems with nutrient removal.
Latitudinal variation in virus-induced mortality of phytoplankton across the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Mojica Kristina D A , Huisman Jef , Wilhelm Steven W , Brussaard Corina P D 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Viral lysis of phytoplankton constrains marine primary production, food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycles in the ocean. Yet, little is known about the biogeographical distribution of viral lysis rates across the global ocean. To address this, we investigated phytoplankton group-specific viral lysis rates along a latitudinal gradient within the North Atlantic Ocean. The data show large-scale distribution patterns of different virus groups across the North Atlantic that are associated with the biogeographical distributions of their potential microbial hosts. Average virus-mediated lysis rates of the picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus were lower than those of the picoeukaryotic and nanoeukaryotic phytoplankton (that is, 0.14 per day compared with 0.19 and 0.23 per day, respectively). Total phytoplankton mortality (virus plus grazer-mediated) was comparable to the gross growth rate, demonstrating high turnover rates of phytoplankton populations. Virus-induced mortality was an important loss process at low and mid latitudes, whereas phytoplankton mortality was dominated by microzooplankton grazing at higher latitudes (&gt;56°N). This shift from a viral-lysis-dominated to a grazing-dominated phytoplankton community was associated with a decrease in temperature and salinity, and the decrease in viral lysis rates was also associated with increased vertical mixing at higher latitudes. Ocean-climate models predict that surface warming will lead to an expansion of the stratified and oligotrophic regions of the world’s oceans. Our findings suggest that these future shifts in the regional climate of the ocean surface layer are likely to increase the contribution of viral lysis to phytoplankton mortality in the higher-latitude waters of the North Atlantic, which may potentially reduce transfer of matter and energy up the food chain and thus affect the capacity of the northern North Atlantic to act as a long-term sink for CO2.
Marine bacterial community structure resilience to changes in protist predation under phytoplankton bloom conditions
Authors: Baltar Federico , Palovaara Joakim , Unrein Fernando , Catala Philippe , Horňák Karel , Šimek Karel , Vaqué Dolors , Massana Ramon , Gasol Josep M , Pinhassi Jarone 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
To test whether protist grazing selectively affects the composition of aquatic bacterial communities, we combined high-throughput sequencing to determine bacterial community composition with analyses of grazing rates, protist and bacterial abundances and bacterial cell sizes and physiological states in a mesocosm experiment in which nutrients were added to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. A large variability was observed in the abundances of bacteria (from 0.7 to 2.4 × 106 cells per ml), heterotrophic nanoflagellates (from 0.063 to 2.7 × 104 cells per ml) and ciliates (from 100 to 3000 cells per l) during the experiment (∼3-, 45- and 30-fold, respectively), as well as in bulk grazing rates (from 1 to 13 × 106 bacteria per ml per day) and bacterial production (from 3 to 379 μg per C l per day) (1 and 2 orders of magnitude, respectively). However, these strong changes in predation pressure did not induce comparable responses in bacterial community composition, indicating that bacterial community structure was resilient to changes in protist predation pressure. Overall, our results indicate that peaks in protist predation (at least those associated with phytoplankton blooms) do not necessarily trigger substantial changes in the composition of coastal marine bacterioplankton communities.