bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shorter, rough trunnion surfaces are associated with higher taper wear rates than longer, smooth trunnion surfaces in a contemporary large head metal‐on‐metal total hip arthroplasty system
Authors: Brock Timothy M. , Sidaginamale Raghavendra , Rushton Steven , Nargol Antoni V. F. , Bowsher John G. , Savisaar Christina , Joyce Tom J. , Deehan David J. , Lord James K. , Langton David J. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTTaper wear at the head‐neck junction is a possible cause of early failure in large head metal‐on‐metal (LH‐MoM) hip replacements. We hypothesized that: (i) taper wear may be more pronounced in certain product designs; and (ii) an increased abductor moment arm may be protective. The tapers of 104 explanted LH‐MoM hip replacements revised for adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD) from a single manufacturer were analyzed for linear and volumetric wear using a co‐ordinate measuring machine. The mated stem was a shorter 12/14, threaded trunnion (n = 72) or a longer, smooth 11/13 trunnion (n = 32). The abductor moment arm was calculated from pre‐revision radiographs. Independent predictors of linear and volumetric wear included taper angle, stem type, and the horizontal moment arm. Tapers mated with the threaded 12/14 trunnion had significantly higher rates of volumetric wear (0.402 mm3/yr vs. 0.123 mm3/yr [t = −2.145, p = 0.035]). There was a trend to larger abductor moment arms being protective (p = 0.055). Design variation appears to play an important role in taper‐trunnion junction failure. We recommend that surgeons bear these findings in mind when considering the use of a short, threaded trunnion with a cobalt‐chromium head. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1868–1874, 2015.
Isotopic Reconstruction of the Late Longshan Period (ca. 4200–3900 BP) Dietary Complexity before the Onset of State‐Level Societies at the Wadian Site in the Ying River Valley, Central Plains, China
Authors: Chen X‐L. , Fang Y‐M. , Hu Y‐W. , Hou Y‐F. , Lü P. , Yuan J. , Song G‐D. , Fuller B. T. , Richards M. P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDuring the late Longshan period (ca. 4200–3900 BP) settlements on the Central Plains of China underwent a diversification in food production technologies, which set the stage for rapid economic and social development. The introduction of novel domesticates such as rice, wheat, cattle, and sheep not only provided more food choices, but also changed ideas concerning land use, farming techniques, and the use and mobilization of large scale labor forces. To better understand the contribution that these new dietary items and practices made to shaping the late Longshan period societies, a stable isotope ratio study of humans (n = 12) and animals (n = 42) was conducted at the late Longshan period site of Wadian. The human δ13C and δ15N values are clustered into two distinct groups. One group of nine individuals (δ13C = −9.9 ± 0.7‰; δ15N = 7.5 ± 0.5‰) had a predominately C4 diet based on millet grains with little protein input from the domestic animals. The other group of three individuals (δ13C = −14.3 ± 0.8‰; δ15N = 10.2 ± 0.3‰) had a mixed C3/C4 diet of millets and rice and were consuming sheep and cattle. The animals also displayed dietary diversity with the pigs (δ13C = −11.3 ± 2.5‰; δ15N = 6.9 ± 1.0‰, n = 10) and dogs (δ13C = −10.1 ± 1.0‰; δ15N = 7.2 ± 1.1‰, n = 7) having mostly a C4 plant based diet (millets). In contrast, the cattle (δ13C = −12.8 ± 2.1‰; δ15N = 7.6 ± 0.7‰, n = 9), sheep (δ13C = −16.7 ± 0.9‰; δ15N = 7.6 ± 0.1‰, n = 2), and cervids (δ13C = −20.8 ± 0.9‰; δ15N = 5.0 ± 1.2‰, n = 10) had diets with a greater contribution from C3 sources such as rice and wild plants. The discovery that humans and animals had different subsistence patterns indicates dietary complexity at Wadian and that rice agriculture, and cattle and sheep husbandry practices were already an important part of the local economy by the late Longshan period in the southern region of the Central Plains of China. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brewarrina: An Australian Story
Authors: Austin‐Broos Diane 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis short paper discusses Barry Morris's account of the ‘riot’ at Brewarrina, New South Wales, in 1987 and its legal aftermath, which continued for some years. An iconic event in Australian race relations, much can be learnt from its various dimensions, a fact that Morris amply demonstrates. Notwithstanding, this discussion questions a related narrative in his book, which interprets capitalism's impact on self‐determination simply in terms of neoliberalism's ‘political effects’. The paper seeks to broaden the discussion of the relations between the state and self‐determination, and between capitalism and race.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of a Dual‐Action Ligand Targeting αvβ3 Integrin and VEGF Receptors
Authors: Zanella Simone , Mingozzi Michele , Dal Corso Alberto , Fanelli Roberto , Arosio Daniela , Cosentino Marco , Schembri Laura , Marino Franca , De Zotti Marta , Formaggio Fernando , Pignataro Luca , Belvisi Laura , Piarulli Umberto , Gennari Cesare 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA dual‐action ligand targeting both integrin αVβ3 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), was synthesized via conjugation of a cyclic peptidomimetic αVβ3 Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) ligand with a decapentapeptide. The latter was obtained from a known VEGFR antagonist by acetylation at the Lys13 side chain. Functionalization of the precursor ligands was carried out in solution and in the solid phase, affording two fragments: an alkyne VEGFR ligand and the azide integrin αVβ3 ligand, which were conjugated by click chemistry. Circular dichroism studies confirmed that both the RGD and VEGFR ligand portions of the dual‐action compound substantially adopt the biologically active conformation. In vitro binding assays on isolated integrin αVβ3 and VEGFR‐1 showed that the dual‐action conjugate retains a good level of affinity for both its target receptors, although with one order of magnitude (10/20 times) decrease in potency. The dual‐action ligand strongly inhibited the VEGF‐induced morphogenesis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). Remarkably, its efficiency in preventing the formation of new blood vessels was similar to that of the original individual ligands, despite the worse affinity towards integrin αVβ3 and VEGFR‐1.
2‐(Alkylamino)‐3‐aryl‐6,7‐dihydrobenzofuran‐4(5H)‐ones: Improved Synthesis and their Photophysical Properties
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Kumawat Lokesh Kumar , Gupta Vinod Kumar , Sharma Anuj 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFurans are an important class of compounds and exhibit a diverse range of activities and properties. As such, improved synthetic access to furans is an important research goal. In the present report, a solvent‐ and catalyst‐free reaction between 5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione (dimedone), an aryl aldehyde and an isocyanide under microwave irradiation is presented. This method is significantly improved from previously described protocols in terms of applicability of wide ranging aryl aldehydes, better yields, shorter reaction times, facile work up and essentially no need of column chromatography. The photophysical properties of this series of compounds were studied for their possible applicability in the field of metal ion sensors. In solution, two compounds, 2‐(cyclohexylamino)‐3‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐6,6‐dimethyl‐6,7‐dihydrobenzofuran‐4(5H)‐one (1 i) and 2‐(tert‐butylamino)‐3‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐6,6‐dimethyl‐6,7‐dihydrobenzofuran‐4(5H)‐one (1 j), underwent an observable color change from yellow to colorless in the presence of aluminum(III) ions. Further studies to investigate the UV absorption and luminescence behavior of these compounds revealed their utility as “naked‐eye sensors” for aluminum detection.
Persistent Sexual Dysfunction and Suicidal Ideation in Young Men Treated with Low‐Dose Finasteride: A Pharmacovigilance Study
Authors: Ali Ayad K. , Heran Balraj S. , Etminan Mahyar 
Published: July 2015

Study ObjectiveFinasteride, a 5α‐reductase inhibitor, is marketed in a low dose (1 mg) as a popular therapy for androgenic alopecia in young men. As case reports and small surveys have suggested a link between persistent sexual dysfunction (SD) and suicidal ideation (SI) with low‐dose finasteride, the aim of this study was to detect signals of SD and SI secondary to low‐dose finasteride use in young men.DesignRetrospective pharmacovigilance disproportionality analysis.Data SourceUnited States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.Measurements and Main ResultsLow‐dose finasteride‐related adverse event reports for men aged 18–45 years that were submitted to the FAERS between 1998 and 2013 were retrieved. Multi‐item Gamma Poisson Shrinker disproportionality analysis was applied to calculate the empirical Bayes geometric mean (EBGM) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) as an association metric between low‐dose finasteride and the events of interest. Signals were defined as associations with thresholds of a CI lower limit of 2.0 or greater. Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Preferred Terms denoting to SD and SI were identified to reflect the outcome of interest. In total, of 4910 reports, 577 persistent SD and 39 SI adverse event reports (11.8% and 7.9%, respectively) were identified for young men using low‐dose finasteride; 34 (87.2%) of the 39 men with SI also experienced SD. The majority of these events were serious (e.g., contributed to the patient's death, hospitalization, or disability). Low‐dose finasteride was associated with more than expected reporting of SD in young men compared with reporting of these events with all other drugs within the database (EBGM 28.0, 95% CI 26.1–30.0). Disproportional reporting in SI events was noted, although it did not reach signal threshold (EBGM 1.72; 95% CI 1.31–2.23). Among serious SD events, 43% led to disability; 28% required medical intervention, including hospitalization; and 5% were life‐threatening. Six fatal SD reports were identified.ConclusionPersistent SD might be a potential risk of low‐dose finasteride for androgenic alopecia therapy in young men, and this risk might contribute to SI. Our findings provide a strong hypothesis for pharmacoepidemiologic studies to further examine this association.
Health behavior theory constructs and smoking and cessation‐related behavior among survivors of ten cancers nine years after diagnosis: A report from the American Cancer Society's Study of Cancer Survivors‐I
Authors: Lee Westmaas J. , Berg Carla J. , Alcaraz Kassandra I. , Stein Kevin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveQuitting smoking is important for cancer prognosis, but some cancer survivors continue to smoke. This study examined psychological correlates of smoking status and patterns, likelihood of quitting, and intentions to quit among long‐term survivors.MethodsCross‐sectional relationships between psychological constructs from health behavior theories (e.g., perceived risk, quitting barriers) and smoking and cessation‐related behavior were examined among survivors of 10 cancers. Survivors were recruited by stratified random sampling from cancer registries in a nationwide, longitudinal, quality‐of‐life study (n=2938).ResultsApproximately 9 years post‐diagnosis, survivors who currently smoke (compared with those who quit before or after diagnosis) perceived health problems caused by smoking as less severe, perceived fewer benefits of quitting for cancer survivors, greater barriers to quitting, and reported more daily exposure to others’ smoking. Survivors intending to quit (vs. those not intending or unsure) perceived greater risks of smoking for cancer prognosis, more severe health effects from smoking, fewer benefits of smoking, and greater social pressure to quit. Nondaily smokers had higher levels of self‐efficacy and less exposure to others’ smoking compared to daily smokers.ConclusionsLong‐term cancer survivors’ perceptions of the risks of smoking for cancer prognosis, the severity of health problems from smoking, cessation barriers, and the benefits of quitting are appropriate targets for interventions for continuing smokers. Nondaily smokers may be especially amenable to intervention. Survivors’ daily exposure to others’ smoking should also be addressed in treatment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a Pediatric Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Sirolimus: Applying Principles of Growth and Maturation in Neonates and Infants
Authors: Emoto C , Fukuda T , Johnson TN , Adams DM , Vinks AA 
Published: July 2015

This study describes the maturation of sirolimus clearance in a cohort of very young pediatric patients with vascular anomalies. The relationship between allometrically scaled in vivo clearance and age was described by the Emax model in patients aged 1 month to 2 years. Consistent with the observed increase, in vitro intrinsic clearance of sirolimus using pediatric liver microsomes showed a similar age‐dependent increase. In children older than 2 years, allometrically scaled sirolimus clearance did not show further maturation. Simulated clearance estimates with a sirolimus physiologically based pharmacokinetic model that included CYP3A4/5/7 and CYP2C8 maturation profiles were in close agreement with observed in vivo clearance values. In addition, physiologically based pharmacokinetic model‐simulated sirolimus pharmacokinetic profiles predicted the actual observations well. These results demonstrate the utility of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling approach for the prediction of the developmental trajectory of sirolimus metabolic activity and its effects on total body clearance in neonates and infants.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2015) 4, 127–134; doi:10.1038/psp4.17; published online on 4 February 2015.
Stability of inverted organic solar cells with low‐temperature ZnO buffer layer processed from aqueous solution
Authors: Chen Dazheng , Zhang Chunfu , Wei Wei , Wang Zhizhe , Heng Ting , Tang Shi , Han Genquan , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue 
Published: July 2015

In this work, the long‐term stability for inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) using a poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2, 5‐diyl):[6, 6]‐phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester blend and a low‐temperature ZnO buffer layer processed from aqueous solution is investigated. The same devices with ZnO buffer layers annealed at different temperatures have been sequentially stored in an air‐N2–air environment and tested during 4320 h. It is found that the devices with ZnO annealed at 80 and 100 °C show good stability in three periods of air, N2, and air conditions, the degradation of power conversion efficiency (PCE) shows similar tendency to that of short circuit current density with relatively steady open circuit voltage and fill factor. For devices with 70 °C annealed ZnO buffer layer, their PCE climbs up and then declines in the first period. Interestingly, at the beginning of third period, an improvement of photovoltaic parameters for most devices is observed from statistical results, which may be related to the change of oxygen concentration in devices and oxygen desorption in light soaking. In short, all devices show a relatively good stability and the simple ZnO deposition method is a promising technique in fabricating inverted OSCs and flexible devices with long lifetime.Degradation of PCE for inverted OSCs in 4320 h.
Breast Cancer Outcomes as Defined by the Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and Human Growth Factor Receptor‐2 in a Multi‐ethnic Asian Country
Authors: Subramaniam S. , Bhoo‐Pathy N. , Taib N. A. , Tan G. H. , See M. H. , Jamaris S. , Ho G. F. , Looi L. M. , Yip C. H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionBreast cancer can be divided into four subtypes based on the expressions of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor‐2 (HER2). Each subtype has different clinicopathological features and outcomes.ObjectiveTo compare the clinicopathological features and survival of ER and/or PR positive HER2 negative (ER+PR+HER2−, ER+PR−HER2− or ER−PR+HER2−), ER and/or PR positive HER2 positive (ER+PR+HER2+, ER+PR−HER2+ or ER−PR+HER2+), ER negative PR negative HER2 positive (ER−PR−HER2+), and ER negative PR negative HER2 negative (ER−PR−HER2−) subtypes.Methods1957 patients with Stage 1–3 breast carcinoma diagnosed between Jan 2005 and Dec 2011 were categorized into the four subtypes. The clinicopathological features between the subtypes were compared using χ2 test. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to estimate 5‐year overall survival. Multivariate Cox regression was used to determine the association between subtypes and mortality adjusted for age, ethnicity, stage, pathological features, and treatment.ResultsER−PR−HER2+ and ER−PR−HER2− subtypes were associated with younger age, larger tumors, and higher grade. There was no difference in the 5‐year survival of the ER−PR−HER2+ and ER−PR−HER2− subtypes (75.1 and 74.4 %, respectively) and survival was poorer than in the ER and/or PR positive HER2 negative and ER and/or PR positive HER2 positive subtypes (87.1 and 83.1 %, respectively). Only 9.5 % of women with HER2 positive breast cancer had access to trastuzumab.ConclusionIn a low resource setting with limited access to trastuzumab, there is no difference in survival between the ER−PR−HER2+ and ER−PR−HER2− subtypes of breast cancer.
Central Venous Catheter‐Related Infection in Severe Trauma Patients
Authors: Youn Seok Hwa , Lee John Cook‐Jong , Kim Younghwan , Moon Jonghwan , Choi Younghwa , Jung Kyoungwon 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the CVC‐related infection rate according to catheter insertion site and to analyze the risk factors for catheter‐related local infections (CRLI) and bloodstream infections (CRBSI) among severe trauma patients.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 736 severe trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score of >15. Poisson regression was used to compare the infection rates according to the catheter insertion sites. Univariate analysis of the groups with and without CVC‐related infection was used to identify confounding variables for inclusion in multivariate models that were used to identify the risk factors for CRLI and CRBSI.ResultsWe evaluated 1646 catheter insertions and their duration of insertion and found 1241 subclavian (18,461 days), 251 internal jugular (3454 days), and 154 femoral catheters (1526 days). The CRLI infection rate per 1000 catheter days was significantly lower for subclavian, compared to that for internal jugular (4.83 vs. 9.55, respectively; P < 0.001) and femoral catheters (4.83 vs. 7.93, respectively; P = 0.013). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that catheter insertion duration [odds ratio (95 % confidence interval): 1.035 (1.021–1.050), P < 0.001] and subclavian access [0.532 (0.366–0.775), P < 0.001] were significantly associated with CRLI, while catheter insertion duration [1.024 (1.002–1.046), P = 0.032] was significantly associated with CRBSI.ConclusionsTo reduce the rate of CVC‐related infections in severe trauma patients, we suggest that catheters be shifted from the internal jugular or femoral veins to the subclavian vein as soon as possible and that the duration of catheter insertion should be minimized.
Density and distribution of soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in response to UV radiation
Authors: Burdick S. C. , Prischmann‐Voldseth D. A. , Harmon J. P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIncreasing ultraviolet radiation (UV) has led to greater interest in its current and potential effects on organisms, including herbivorous insects. Here we report the short‐term effects of UV on soybean aphids (Aphis glycines Matsumura), a common phytophagous pest of soybeans. We used two complementary approaches to examine how modifying UV radiation affects this phloem‐feeding herbivore via changes to soybean aphid densities and their within plant distribution. We found that artificially adding UV in a lab setting decreased soybean aphid population size compared to a low UV control; however, blocking UV radiation in the field had minimal effects on aphid density. Further observations suggest that soybean aphid location could mediate UV effects; feeding on the underside of leaves may shield aphids from some harmful effects of UV. Our results demonstrate the potential importance of UV to insect herbivores and how behavior may influence such effects.
Nutrient variations in the Sava River Basin
Authors: Vrzel Janja , Ogrinc Nives 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Purpose
The first comprehensive evaluation and trend analysis of long-term nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) data was performed for the Sava River Basin (SRB) at locations in Slovenia, Croatia, and Serbia.

Materials and methods
Data on long-term water quality at eight selected locations were evaluated statistically based on the period of reporting, availability of flow data, and the experience from our previous investigations. Trends in NO3− and PO43− concentrations at locations were identified using simple linear regressions on log-transformed data.

Results and discussion
Analysis indicated spatial and seasonal variability between locations. The highest long-term annual mean NO3− and PO43− concentrations were observed in Croatia and Serbia at locations that are susceptible to anthropogenic nutrient loading arising from high human population densities and intensive agricultural land use. Temporal variations indicate that river flow plays an important role in the distribution of NO3− and PO43− concentrations. Low flow during the summer months promotes reductive conditions leading to a minimum in annual mean NO3− concentrations and a maximum in annual mean PO43− concentrations resulting from the release of inorganic P from sediments. The highest annual mean NO3− concentrations were observed in winter/autumn under higher flow conditions that leach NO3− from soil and banks into the river. The results of trend analysis show a reduction of nutrients at the majority of locations ranging from 8 to 58 %.

Conclusions
Although trends in NO3− and PO43− concentrations indicate a decrease at the majority of selected locations, it is still necessary to apply appropriate removal technologies in order to reduce the nutrient loads into the Sava River Basin and thereby improve water quality.
Derivation of integration‐free iPSCs from a Klinefelter syndrome patient
Authors: Shimizu T. , Shiohara M. , Tai T. , Nagao K. , Nakajima K. , Kobayashi H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeKlinefelter syndrome (KS) (47, XXY) is the most common sex chromosome abnormality in humans. KS is characterized by gynecomastia, tall stature, small testes, low testosterone levels, learning disabilities, and behavioral problems. KS is also associated with infertility due to non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA). The mechanism underlying NOA is still poorly understood, and although there is no current treatment, the use of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro‐TESE) followed by in vitro fertilization can result in successful conception. The generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells derived from KS patients may be useful for studying the disease mechanism and identifying novel therapies.MethodsCells from a KS patient were transduced with Sendai viral vectors encoding four transcription factors, OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and C‐MYC, and the transduced cells were analyzed for in vitro and in vivo pluripotency.ResultsKS patient‐derived iPS cells were successfully generated and shown to produce teratomas in the testes of SCID mice. In vitro differentiation of the iPS cells into cardiomyocyte‐like cells was confirmed by the presence of clusters of beating cells.ConclusionsKS patient‐derived iPS cells that could differentiate into cardiomyocyte‐like cells were established.