bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Hesitation to Appreciation: the transformation of a single, local donation‐nurse project into an established organ‐donation service
Authors: Gyllström Krekula Linda , Malenicka Silvia , Nydahl Anders , Tibell Annika 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study evaluates the transition from a local project to promote organ donation to a permanent county‐based donation service inspired by the Spanish model. To address the problem of declining donation rates, a project with one donation‐specialized nurse (DOSS) was initiated at a single neuro‐intensive care unit. This project was later expanded into a permanent on‐call service consisting of seven DOSSes, covering a large urban county. During the different periods (before, during project and during permanent service), the DOSS function's effect on donation rates was significant, and the number of eligible donors that became actual donors increased from 37% to 73% and 74%, respectively. The effect on family vetoes was as prominent with a decrease from 34% to 8% and 14%. The staff appreciation of the DOSS function was also evident during the periods; all areas included in the questionnaire (family care, donor care and staff support) have improved greatly owing to the DOSS. The transition from a single, local donation‐nurse project, to an on‐call service with several DOSSes covering a large urban county was a success considering the donation rates as well as the staff's appreciation. Hence, organizational models from abroad can be adjusted and successfully adopted.
Autoimmunity after liver transplantation: a frequent event but a rare clinical problem
Authors: Foschi Antonella , Zavaglia Claudio Antonio , Fanti Diana , Mazzarelli Chiara , Perricone Giovanni , Vangeli Marcello , Viganò Raffaella , Belli Luca Saverio 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAutoantibodies are frequently detected after liver transplantation (LT), but their role is unclear. This study was designed to address three points: autoantibody prevalence pre‐LT and over time up to five yr after LT, identification of possible predictors of autoantibody formation, and correlation between autoantibodies and graft dysfunction. To these aims, we retrospectively evaluated 92 consecutive LT recipients for whom prospectively stored frozen sera were available for autoantibodies assessment by immunofluorescence. The overall autoantibody prevalence resulted significantly higher after LT than before LT (64% vs. 27%, p < 0.001 and 35.9% vs. 8.7%, p < 0.001 considering cutoff titer of ≥1:80 and ≥1:160, respectively). Recipient gender, donor age and gender, and indication for LT and main immunosuppressant (cyclosporine vs. tacrolimus) were not associated with the presence of autoantibodies. Patients with graft dysfunction had a significantly higher autoantibody prevalence irrespective of the etiology of liver injury as compared to those patients with persistently normal liver biochemistry, but only for cutoff titers ≥1:160 (p = 0.004). No cases of de novo autoimmune hepatitis were observed. In conclusion, autoantibodies are very frequently detected after LT also at high titers and their association with graft dysfunction likely represents an aspecific indicator of liver injury.
Harnessing the biodiversity value of Central and Eastern European farmland
Authors: Sutcliffe Laura M. E. , Batáry Péter , Kormann Urs , Báldi András , Dicks Lynn V. , Herzon Irina , Kleijn David , Tryjanowski Piotr , Apostolova Iva , Arlettaz Raphaël , Aunins Ainars , Aviron Stéphanie , Baležentienė Ligita , Fischer Christina , Halada Lubos , Hartel Tibor , Helm Aveliina , Hristov Iordan , Jelaska Sven D. , Kaligarič Mitja , Kamp Johannes , Klimek Sebastian , Koorberg Pille , Kostiuková Jarmila , Kovács‐Hostyánszki Anikó , Kuemmerle Tobias , Leuschner Christoph , Lindborg Regina , Loos Jacqueline , Maccherini Simona , Marja Riho , Máthé Orsolya , Paulini Inge , Proença Vânia , Rey‐Benayas José , Sans F. Xavier , Seifert Charlotte , Stalenga Jarosław , Timaeus Johannes , Török Péter , van Swaay Chris , Viik Eneli , Tscharntke Teja 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA large proportion of European biodiversity today depends on habitat provided by low‐intensity farming practices, yet this resource is declining as European agriculture intensifies. Within the European Union, particularly the central and eastern new member states have retained relatively large areas of species‐rich farmland, but despite increased investment in nature conservation here in recent years, farmland biodiversity trends appear to be worsening. Although the high biodiversity value of Central and Eastern European farmland has long been reported, the amount of research in the international literature focused on farmland biodiversity in this region remains comparatively tiny, and measures within the EU Common Agricultural Policy are relatively poorly adapted to support it. In this opinion study, we argue that, 10 years after the accession of the first eastern EU new member states, the continued under‐representation of the low‐intensity farmland in Central and Eastern Europe in the international literature and EU policy is impeding the development of sound, evidence‐based conservation interventions. The biodiversity benefits for Europe of existing low‐intensity farmland, particularly in the central and eastern states, should be harnessed before they are lost. Instead of waiting for species‐rich farmland to further decline, targeted research and monitoring to create locally appropriate conservation strategies for these habitats is needed now.
Autoantibody‐defined risk for Type 1 diabetes mellitus in a general population of schoolchildren: results of the Karlsburg Type 1 Diabetes Risk Study after 18 years
Authors: Till A.‐M. , Kenk H. , Rjasanowski I. , Wassmuth R. , Walschus U. , Kerner W. , Schlosser M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimsTo investigate the occurrence of diabetes‐associated autoantibodies and cumulative Type 1 diabetes risk over 18 years in a general population of schoolchildren.MethodsIn the Karlsburg Type 1 Diabetes Risk Study, 11 986 schoolchildren from north‐eastern Germany without a family history of diabetes were screened for glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2 antibodies and insulin autoantibodies by radioligand binding assay. Those children found to be autoantibody‐positive were invited to follow‐up examinations and HLA‐DQB1 genotyping, and were followed for progression to Type 1 diabetes.ResultsAt first follow‐up, 119 children had single and 36 children had multiple autoantibodies. Of the multiple autoantibody‐positive children, 33 had at least one diabetes‐associated HLA‐DQB1 allele (*02 and/or *0302). A total of 26 children progressed to Type 1 diabetes, of whom 22 had multiple autoantibodies. The male‐to‐female ratio of those who progressed to Type 1 diabetes was 1.6. The positive predictive value of multiple autoantibodies was 61.1% compared with only 23.7% for diabetes‐associated HLA‐DQB1 genotypes among all those who were autoantibody‐positive. The cumulative risk was 59.7% after 10 years and 75.1% after 18 years for children with multiple autoantibodies compared with 1.2 and 22.6%, respectively, for children with single autoantibodies (P<0.001). Among the three examined autoantibodies, insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2 antibodies conferred the highest risk.ConclusionsThe diabetes risk in schoolchildren with multiple autoantibodies was similar to the risk reported in other studies for genetically preselected probands; thus, a combined autoantibody‐based screening could effectively identify at‐risk individuals from the general population for future intervention trials.
Effectiveness of lifestyle‐based weight loss interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Terranova C. O. , Brakenridge C. L. , Lawler S. P. , Eakin E. G. , Reeves M. M. 
Published: December 2014

AimsTo provide a systematic review and meta‐analysis of recent evidence on the effectiveness of lifestyle‐based weight loss interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes.MethodsA search of the literature from January 2003 to July 2013 was conducted (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science). The studies considered eligible were randomized controlled trials evaluating weight loss interventions (diet and physical activity, with or without behavioural strategies) of ≥12 weeks duration, compared with usual care or another comparison intervention. Ten studies were included for review. Some heterogeneity was present in the sample, therefore, random‐effects models were used to calculate pooled effects.ResultsIntervention duration ranged from 16 weeks to 9 years, with all but one delivered via individual or group face‐to‐face sessions. From six studies comparing lifestyle intervention with usual care the pooled effect on weight (n = 5795) was −3.33 kg [95% confidence interval (CI) −5.06, −1.60 kg], and on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; n = 5784) was −0.29% (95% CI −0.61, 0.03%), with both attenuated in sensitivity analyses. The pooled within‐group effect on weight (n = 3063) from all 10 lifestyle intervention groups was −5.33 kg (95% CI −7.33, −3.34 kg), also attenuated in sensitivity analyses. None of the participant or intervention characteristics examined explained the heterogeneity. Only one study assessed whether intervention effects were maintained after the end of the intervention.ConclusionsLifestyle‐based weight loss intervention trials in type 2 diabetes achieve, on average, modest reductions in weight and HbA1c levels, but results were heavily influenced by one trial. Evidence‐based approaches for improving the effectiveness of lifestyle‐based interventions in type 2 diabetes are needed, along with future studies reporting on maintenance and cost‐effectiveness.
Intracortical modulation, and not spinal inhibition, mediates placebo analgesia
Authors: Martini M. , Lee M. C. H. , Valentini E. , Iannetti G. D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSuppression of spinal responses to noxious stimulation has been detected using spinal fMRI during placebo analgesia, which is therefore increasingly considered a phenomenon caused by descending inhibition of spinal activity. However, spinal fMRI is technically challenging and prone to false‐positive results. Here we recorded laser‐evoked potentials (LEPs) during placebo analgesia in humans. LEPs allow neural activity to be measured directly and with high enough temporal resolution to capture the sequence of cortical areas activated by nociceptive stimuli. If placebo analgesia is mediated by inhibition at spinal level, this would result in a general suppression of LEPs rather than in a selective reduction of their late components. LEPs and subjective pain ratings were obtained in two groups of healthy volunteers – one was conditioned for placebo analgesia while the other served as unconditioned control. Laser stimuli at three suprathreshold energies were delivered to the right hand dorsum. Placebo analgesia was associated with a significant reduction of the amplitude of the late P2 component. In contrast, the early N1 component, reflecting the arrival of the nociceptive input to the primary somatosensory cortex (SI), was only affected by stimulus energy. This selective suppression of late LEPs indicates that placebo analgesia is mediated by direct intracortical modulation rather than inhibition of the nociceptive input at spinal level. The observed cortical modulation occurs after the responses elicited by the nociceptive stimulus in the SI, suggesting that higher order sensory processes are modulated during placebo analgesia.
Depression and anxiety in women with epilepsy during pregnancy and after delivery: A prospective population‐based cohort study on frequency, risk factors, medication, and prognosis
Authors: Bjørk Marte Helene , Veiby Gyri , Reiter Simone C. , Berle Jan Øystein , Daltveit Anne Kjersti , Spigset Olav , Engelsen Bernt A. , Gilhus Nils Erik 
Published: December 2014

SummaryObjectiveTo assess incidence, prevalence, risk factors, and prognosis of peripartum depression and anxiety in a prospective study of women with epilepsy.MethodPregnancies in women with epilepsy (n = 706) were compared to pregnancies in all women without epilepsy (n = 106 511) including women with specified nonepileptic chronic diseases (n = 8,372) in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. The database was linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Depression and anxiety were assessed with validated questionnaires five times from the second trimester to 36 months after delivery. Blood was drawn for analysis of antiepileptic drug (AED) concentrations.ResultsWomen with epilepsy more often had peripartum depression (26.7%) or anxiety (22.4%) than women without epilepsy (18.9% and 14.8%, respectively, p < 0.001 for both comparisons) and women with other chronic diseases (23.1% and 18.4%, respectively, p = 0.03 and 0.01). Women using AEDs during pregnancy were especially at risk regardless of AED type. The risk further increased with the use of multiple AEDs and with high doses and/or plasma levels. Risk factors associated with peripartum depression and/or anxiety in the epilepsy cohort were high seizure frequency, a history of physical and/or sexual abuse, adverse socioeconomic factors, previous loss of a child, AED use, unplanned pregnancy, and prepregnancy depression and/or anxiety. The recovery rate 3 years after delivery was lower for women with epilepsy with a history of depression/anxiety or physical/sexual abuse than for women without epilepsy. Depressed women with epilepsy were less frequently treated with antidepressive drugs during pregnancy than women without epilepsy.SignificanceWomen with epilepsy frequently have depression and anxiety during and after pregnancy. Patients at risk should be identified before delivery as depressive symptoms could be undertreated in this group.
Fatigue behaviour of clinched joints in a steel sheet
Authors: Kim J‐B. , Kim H‐K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractClinch joining has been used in sheet metal work owing to its simplicity and because it facilitates the joining dissimilar metal sheets. In this study, monotonic and fatigue tests were conducted using coach‐peel and cross‐tension type specimens to evaluate the fatigue strength of clinch joints in a cold‐rolled mild steel sheet. The monotonic experimental results reveal that the coach‐peel specimen exhibits the lowest monotonic strength among the three specimen configurations. The coach‐peel and cross‐tension specimen geometries exhibit very low fatigue ratios, compared with the tensile‐shear specimen. The maximum von Mises and principal stresses at the fatigue endurance limit are much higher than the engineering tensile strengths of the steel sheet used to determine the three specimen geometries. Compared with the effective stress and maximum principal stress, the Smith–Watson–Topper fatigue parameter can be used for an appropriate prediction of the current experimental fatigue life. With regard to the coach‐peel specimen geometry, all samples exhibit pull‐out failure mode in the fatigue testing range. However, for the cross‐tension specimen geometry, mixed (pull‐out and interface) and interface failure modes occurred, depending on the number of cycles to failure.
Seasonal weather patterns drive population vital rates and persistence in a stream fish
Authors: Kanno Yoichiro , Letcher Benjamin H. , Hitt Nathaniel P. , Boughton David A. , Wofford John E. B. , Zipkin Elise F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractClimate change affects seasonal weather patterns, but little is known about the relative importance of seasonal weather patterns on animal population vital rates. Even when such information exists, data are typically only available from intensive fieldwork (e.g., mark–recapture studies) at a limited spatial extent. Here, we investigated effects of seasonal air temperature and precipitation (fall, winter, and spring) on survival and recruitment of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) at a broad spatial scale using a novel stage‐structured population model. The data were a 15‐year record of brook trout abundance from 72 sites distributed across a 170‐km‐long mountain range in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA. Population vital rates responded differently to weather and site‐specific conditions. Specifically, young‐of‐year survival was most strongly affected by spring temperature, adult survival by elevation and per‐capita recruitment by winter precipitation. Low fall precipitation and high winter precipitation, the latter of which is predicted to increase under climate change for the study region, had the strongest negative effects on trout populations. Simulations show that trout abundance could be greatly reduced under constant high winter precipitation, consistent with the expected effects of gravel‐scouring flows on eggs and newly hatched individuals. However, high‐elevation sites would be less vulnerable to local extinction because they supported higher adult survival. Furthermore, the majority of brook trout populations are projected to persist if high winter precipitation occurs only intermittently (≤3 of 5 years) due to density‐dependent recruitment. Variable drivers of vital rates should be commonly found in animal populations characterized by ontogenetic changes in habitat, and such stage‐structured effects may increase population persistence to changing climate by not affecting all life stages simultaneously. Yet, our results also demonstrate that weather patterns during seemingly less consequential seasons (e.g., winter precipitation) can have major impacts on animal population dynamics.
Evaluating the efficiency of humic acid to remove micro‐organisms from denture base material
Authors: Meriç Gökçe , Güvenir Meryem , Süer Kaya 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficiency of humic acid substances on removing micro‐organisms from denture base materials.BackgroundOld denture wearer needs effective, easy‐use and safe denture‐cleaning material.Material and methodsSquare‐shaped, heat‐polymerised acrylic resin specimens (n = 550) were prepared and divided into five groups (n = 110 for each) corresponding to the microbial contamination (Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Contaminated specimens were randomly assigned to the application of five different denture‐cleaning agents as follows (n = 20 for each): Kloroben, Corsodyl, Steradent, Corega, experimental solution with humic acid. Ten specimens were assessed as an experimental control carried out simultaneously for the treatment groups for each micro‐organism. It was divided into two groups: negative control and positive control (n = 5 for each). All acrylic specimens were incubated 37°C for 24 h (for bacterial strains) and 37°C for 48 h (for yeast strains). After incubation period, all brain–heart infusion broths (BHI) which contain disinfectant acrylic specimens were cultured on 5% sheep blood agar (for bacteria) and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) for yeast using loop. The numbers of colony‐forming units per millilitre (CFU/ml) were calculated. The results were analysed by Mann–Whitney U‐test and Kruskal–Wallis tests (p = 0.05).ResultsCorsodyl and Kloroben completely eliminated the adherence of all investigated micro‐organisms (100%) and showed the highest removal activity compared with other cleaning agents (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between Corsodyl and Kloroben (p ≥ 0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference between Corega, Steradent and experimental solution (p ≥ 0.05).ConclusionHumic acid could be used as an alternative ‘natural’ solution for denture‐cleaning agent.
We can't all be supermodels: the value of comparative transcriptomics to the study of non‐model insects
Authors: Oppenheim Sara J. , Baker Richard H. , Simon Sabrina , DeSalle Rob 
Published: December 2014

AbstractInsects are the most diverse group of organisms on the planet. Variation in gene expression lies at the heart of this biodiversity and recent advances in sequencing technology have spawned a revolution in researchers' ability to survey tissue‐specific transcriptional complexity across a wide range of insect taxa. Increasingly, studies are using a comparative approach (across species, sexes and life stages) that examines the transcriptional basis of phenotypic diversity within an evolutionary context. In the present review, we summarize much of this research, focusing in particular on three critical aspects of insect biology: morphological development and plasticity; physiological response to the environment; and sexual dimorphism. A common feature that is emerging from these investigations concerns the dynamic nature of transcriptome evolution as indicated by rapid changes in the overall pattern of gene expression, the differential expression of numerous genes with unknown function, and the incorporation of novel, lineage‐specific genes into the transcriptional profile.
Transforming growth factor‐β‐activated kinase 1 resistance limits glucocorticoid responsiveness to Toll‐like receptor 4‐mediated inflammation
Authors: Kong Fansheng , Laryea Gloria , Liu Zhiwei , Bhattacharyya Sandip 
Published: December 2014

SummaryGlucocorticoids (GC) are among the most effective anti‐inflammatory drugs, but are often associated with serious adverse effects or inadequate therapeutic responses. Here, we use activation of different Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) by their respective ligands to evaluate context‐specific GC sensitivity in the macrophage. Recruitment and activation of transforming growth factor‐β‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1), downstream of TLR engagement, is crucial in activating multiple inflammatory pathways, and contributes to inflammatory disorders. We hypothesize that GC exert anti‐inflammatory effects through regulation of TAK1. Both in vivo and in vitro, in comparison to other TLRs, there was limited GC potency in restricting TLR4 ligand‐mediated secretion of interleukin‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐12. Also, we found that inactivation of TAK1 both in vivo and in vitro strongly inhibits TLR4‐induced inflammation‐associated genes beyond the suppressive effects from GC treatment. However, there was no effect of TAK1 inactivation on GC inhibition of TLR3‐ or TLR9‐initiated inflammatory actions. Together, our findings demonstrate that GC resistance for TAK1 activation associated with TLR4 engagement may be an important contributor to GC resistance in inflammatory disorders.
Engaging women at risk for poor perinatal mental health outcomes: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Myors Karen A. , Johnson Maree , Cleary Michelle , Schmied Virginia 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRisk factors for poor perinatal mental health are well known. Psychosocial assessment and depression screening during the perinatal period aim to identify women at risk for poor perinatal outcomes. Early intervention programmes are known to improve the mental health outcomes of women and infants. Key to any intervention is initial and ongoing engagement in the therapeutic process. This mixed‐methods study reports the proportion of women who engage/do not engage with services and their characteristics, as well as the strategies clinicians use to engage women. Data were collected by reviewing medical records, interviewing perinatal and infant mental health (PIMH) clinicians, their managers, key stakeholders, and women service users. Analyses identified that most (71.3%) women referred engaged with the PIMH service. Themes related to non‐engagement are ‘time to rethink’ and ‘stigma’. Themes reflecting the engagement strategies used by PIMH clinicians are initial engagement: ‘back to basics’ and ‘building trust’, therapeutic engagement: ‘making myself useful’, engagement at discharge: ‘woman or clinician led’, and models that facilitate engagement.