bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental analysis of reducing outage probability using deep interleaving for long‐distance free space optical systems
Authors: Chang Yunfan , Cai Shanyong , Wang Liqian , Zhang Haojie , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFree space optical communication (FSO) has become a popular research direction due to its high bandwidth, easy deployment, and inherent security. Its channel state is unstable because of atmospheric environment, especially in long‐distance ground transmission system. Interleaving combined with forward error correction coding (FEC) have been utilised to improve the stability of system. However, there is little detailed experimental results of deep interleaving combined with FEC under different atmospheric turbulence intensity over long‐distance FSO system. A deep interleaving with FEC method was designed and implemented on a 7 km long online experiment. The performance of different depth interleaving is analysed under weak and strong atmospheric turbulence state. The experiment results show that deep interleaving performs better under weak turbulence for the larger correlation factor of the channel and the outage probability of the system with deep interleaving can be greatly reduced.
An improved wireless power transmission system for micro unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Liu Shunyu , Guo Yuehao , Su Ting , Wu Haotian , Xing Genghao , Yang Yongqin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDue to its limited load capacity, the piggybacking of wireless charging systems for micro unmanned aerial vehicles has become a challenging task in the design of micro unmanned aerial vehicles. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved lightweight design method for micro unmanned aerial vehicles to carry a wireless charging system. The improved system uses an inductor–capacitor–capacitor‐parallel (LCC‐P) topology compensation network instead of a bilateral inductor–capacitor–capacitor (LCC) topology compensation network to achieve constant current charging (CC) and constant voltage charging (CV). Then the adaptive frequency conversion control is used to realize the automatic conversion from CC charging to CV charging during the charging process. Compared with the traditional wireless charging system based on a direct current‐direct current converter (DC‐DC converter) to achieve CC charging and CV charging, this improved system reduces the total weight of the receiving end of the wireless charging system based on ensuring the charging efficiency, which meets the demand of wireless charging systems carried by micro drone aircraft. The test results of the constructed physical system coincide with the simulation design results, and the total weight of the receiving end is only 8 g, which verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the improved design scheme.
Data‐driven target localization using adaptive radar processing and convolutional neural networks
Authors: Venkatasubramanian Shyam , Gogineni Sandeep , Kang Bosung , Pezeshki Ali , Rangaswamy Muralidhar , Tarokh Vahid 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLeveraging the advanced functionalities of modern radio frequency (RF) modeling and simulation tools, specifically designed for adaptive radar processing applications, this paper presents a data‐driven approach to improve accuracy in radar target localization post adaptive radar detection. To this end, we generate a large number of radar returns by randomly placing targets of variable strengths in a predefined area, using RFView®, a high‐fidelity, site‐specific, RF modeling & simulation tool. We produce heatmap tensors from the radar returns, in range, azimuth [and Doppler], of the normalized adaptive matched filter (NAMF) test statistic. We then train a regression convolutional neural network (CNN) to estimate target locations from these heatmap tensors, and we compare the target localization accuracy of this approach with that of peak‐finding and local search methods. This empirical study shows that our regression CNN achieves a considerable improvement in target location estimation accuracy. The regression CNN offers significant gains and reasonable accuracy even at signal‐to‐clutter‐plus‐noise ratio (SCNR) regimes that are close to the breakdown threshold SCNR of the NAMF. We also study the robustness of our trained CNN to mismatches in the radar data, where the CNN is tested on heatmap tensors collected from areas that it was not trained on. We show that our CNN can be made robust to mismatches in the radar data through few‐shot learning, using a relatively small number of new training samples.
Das Notvertretungsrecht des Ehegatten in Gesundheitsangelegenheiten
Authors: Dornis Christian 
Published: July 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAm 01.01.2023 trat der im Rahmen der Betreuungsrechtsreform geschaffene § 1358 BGB in Kraft. Er regelt das Notvertretungsrecht des Ehegatten in Gesundheitsangelegenheiten und stellt eine bedeutende Neuerung im deutschen Rechtssystem dar. Die Neuregelung ermöglicht es einem Ehegatten, medizinische Entscheidungen für den anderen Ehegatten zu treffen, wenn dieser dazu nicht in der Lage ist. Die Neuregelung zielt darauf ab, das Betreuungswesen zu entlasten und schnelle Entscheidungen in akuten Situationen zu ermöglichen. Die Vertretungsmacht des Ehegatten erstreckt sich auf Gesundheitsfragen sowie darauf bezogene Verträge und finanzielle Angelegenheiten. Die Ausgestaltung der Reglung hat Kritik hervorgerufen, die sich insbesondere an der als zu bürokratisch empfundenen Regelung der Notwendigkeit der Ausstellung einer ärztlichen Bescheinigung entzündet. Trotzdem ist die Neuregelung insgesamt entlastend für Angehörige und Justiz.
Praxis der onkologischen Selentherapie
Authors: Stoll Günther 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungObwohl Selenpräparate bereits seit vielen Jahren als Nahrungsergänzungsmittel
sowie auch als Arzneimittel zur Verfügung stehen, gibt es nach wie vor viele
Unsicherheiten und offene Fragen zu verschiedenen Anwendungsdetails. Macht eine
Selengabe im Rahmen einer onkologischen Therapie Sinn und welche Dosierungen
sind dazu notwendig? Welche Selensubstanzen gibt es? Und können Selenpräparate
auf Kassenrezept verordnet werden? Der Beitrag beantwortet im Sinne eines
Therapiemanuals die häufigsten Fragen, die im Rahmen der Therapieberatung immer
wieder auftauchen, und verweist für detailliertere Informationen auf weitere
Quellen.
Epilepsie-Update
Authors: Winter Yaroslav , Ellwardt Erik 
Published: July 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie letzten Jahre waren geprägt von der Etablierung neuer, innovativer Diagnose- und Therapieverfahren im Bereich der Epileptologie. Es sind beispielsweise Systeme zur Ultra-Langzeit-EEG-Registrierung verfügbar. Die Frühtherapie einer refraktären Epilepsie wird zunehmend durch die Entwicklung neuer Therapiemethoden verbessert. Neurostimulationsverfahren werden weiterentwickelt und neue Technologien wurden eingeführt. Vielversprechend sind auch die synergistischen Effekte der Neurostimulation in Kombination mit bestimmten Wirkmechanismen anfallsunterdrückender Medikamente im Rahmen der Neuromodulation. Dieser Überblick beleuchtet all diese Entwicklungen der letzten anderthalb Jahre.
Neue therapeutische Entwicklungen der Multiplen Sklerose
Authors: Dann Justus , Haghikia Aiden , Gold Ralf , Faissner Simon 
Published: July 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Behandlungsmöglichkeiten der Multiplen Sklerose (MS) haben sich in den letzten 20 Jahren durch ein breites Arsenal von verlaufsmodifizierenden Immuntherapien massiv verbessert. Dies führt zunehmend zu einer Diskussion über eine Linksverschiebung des Therapiestarts bei Betroffenen mit einem ersten demyelinisierenden Herd im Rahmen eines radiologisch-isolierten Syndroms. Neue therapeutische Entwicklungen betreffen die Phase-III-Studienprogramme zu Inhibitoren der Bruton-Tyrosinkinase, die potenziell B-Zellen und myeloide Zellen im ZNS adressieren und deren weitere Ergebnisse im Jahr 2024 erwartet werden. Anti-CD20 gerichtete Antikörper erfahren u. a. durch die Entwicklung von „brain shuttles“ zur besseren Penetration des ZNS eine Evolution. Die Hemmung des kostimulatorischen CD40-Liganden Signalwegs wird mit Frexalimab in kürzlich begonnen Phase-III-Programmen untersucht. Außerdem werden zellbasierte Technologien aus der Onkologie mit der autologen hämatopoetischen Stammzelltransplantation (aHSCT) und innovativen Verfahren wie der chimeren Antigen-Rezeptor-(CAR-) T-Zelltherapie vorangetrieben. Diese Ansätze haben das Potenzial, bei therapierefraktären Verläufen unter hocheffektiven Therapien eingesetzt zu werden, befinden sich jedoch in einem sehr frühen Entwicklungsstadium. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden wir den aktuellen Stand der MS Therapiepipeline erörtern.
Interobserver Agreement of visual and semi-quantitative methods in 99mTc-Methoxy-Isobuty-Isonitrile (MIBI) imaging for risk stratification of hypofunctional thyroid nodules
Authors: Schenke Simone Agnes , Kreissl Michael C , Vogel Jana , Haghghi Sarvar , Herkula Corinna , Petersen Manuela , Seifert Philipp , Wallbaum Thekla 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aim 99mTc-Methoxy-Isobuty-Isonitrile (MIBI) imaging is used for risk stratifications of hypofunctioning thyroid nodules (TNs). MIBI uptake in the nodular tissue is compared to the uptake in the paranodular thyroid tissue. MIBI imaging may be interpreted visually and/or semi-quantitatively. This study aimed to evaluate the interobserver agreement (IOA) of different methods of interpreting MIBI imaging (visual and semi-quantitative approaches).
Methods MIBI imaging data from 2018 to 2020 were collected. Four readers with varying work experience prospectively evaluated MIBI images (planar, SPECT/CT) visually and semi-quantitatively (Wash-Out Index (WOI)). After identifying the nodules on 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigram, the readers evaluated MIBI imaging data by using early, late, early-to-late, and SPECT late acquisitions. Region of interests (ROIs) were defined for semi-quantitative analysis and average counts were calculated using the WOI formula (by Campenni et al.) 1
2. IOA was assessed using Fleiss Kappa, Pearson correlation and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
Results 23 patients with hypofunctioning nodules were included. Kappa analysis revealed an IOA of 0.57 for all readers for early imaging (moderate agreement); perfect matches were found in 57%. For late imaging, the IOA was 0.48 (moderate) for all, with perfect matches in 48%. The visual pattern (early-to-late) exhibited an IOA of 0.45 for all, with perfect matches in 57%. SPECT/CT evaluation showed an overall IOA of 0.44, with perfect matches in 48%. The semi-quantitative approach WOI yielded an overall result of 0.64 (good agreement) and perfect matches in 91%.
Conclusion The IOA for WOI was higher than for visual methods. The WOI is independent of the reader’s experience level. Visual analysis requires a certain level of experience from the reader.
Implementierung der Tabakentwöhnung in den Workflow des Lungenkrebsscreenings in Deutschland
Authors: Rupp Alexander , Sohrab Sebastian , Pankow Wulf , Raspe Matthias , Kotz Daniel , Rustler Christa , Blum Torsten Gerriet , Bauer Torsten , Windisch Wolfram , Andreas Stefan ,   Unterstützt von medizinischen Fachgesellschaften und Organisationen: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin e. V. (DGIM),   Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft e. V. (DRG),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie e. V. (DGT),   Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft e. V. (DKG),   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin und Umweltmedizin e. V. (DGAUM),   Bundesverband der Pneumologie, Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin e. V. (BdP),   Deutsches Netz rauchfreier Krankenhäuser und Gesundheitseinrichtungen gem. e. V. (DNRfK)
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungSowohl die Tabakentwöhnung als auch ein Low-dose-CT-Screening bei Risikopersonen senken die lungenkrebsspezifische Mortalität und die Gesamtmortalität. Im Rahmen eines nationalen Screeningprogramms zur Früherkennung von Lungenkrebs muss die Tabakentwöhnung obligater Bestandteil der Beratung der Teilnehmenden sein. Hierdurch wird auch die Kosten-Nutzen-Effektivität des Screeningprogramms gesteigert. Im Rahmen des Erstgesprächs müssen Teilnehmenden des Screeningprogramms in Form einer Minimalintervention evidenzbasierte Maßnahmen zur Tabakentwöhnung angeboten werden. Bei nicht gewünschter Tabakentwöhnung müssen Teilnehmende des Screeningprogramms aktiv widersprechen (Opt-out-Regelung). Die Kosten für die Tabakentwöhnung inklusive der Kosten für eine entzugshemmende Medikation sind durch die Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung vollständig zu übernehmen.
Comparison of Effects of Acellular Dermal Matrix and Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap on Radiation-induced Peri-implant Capsular Contracture in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Jang Suk Yoon , Ahn Il Young , Bae Tae Hui , Kang Shin Hyuk , Woo Soo Hyun , Kim Woo Ju , Kim Mi Kyung , Sutthiwanjampa Chanutchamon , Kim Han Koo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background Capsular contracture of breast implants is a major complication in breast surgery. Clinically, covering a breast implant with acellular dermal matrix (ADM) or autologous tissue is considered to be the most effective technique to prevent capsular contracture. This study was designed to compare the protective effects of ADM and latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle flap placement on capsular contracture by increasing the rate of capsular contracture through controlled radiation exposure in a rabbit model.
Methods Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups. After the implant was placed beneath the pectoralis major muscle, the lateral third of the implant was left exposed in the control group (n = 6). In the ADM group (n = 7), the exposed implant was covered with AlloDerm. In the LD flap group (n = 7), the exposed implant was covered with a pedicled LD muscle flap. All groups were irradiated 3 weeks after implant insertion. After 6 months, peri-implant tissues were harvested and analyzed.
Results ADM showed markedly lower myofibroblast activity than the LD flap. However, transforming growth factor-β1 levels and the activity of collagen types I and III produced in fibroblasts were significantly lower in the ADM group than in the LD flap group.
Conclusion Based on the findings of our rabbit experiments, ADM is expected to have a comparative advantage in reducing the risk of capsular contracture compared to the LD flap.
Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia in Middle-Aged Subjects with Low Back Pain
Authors: Narayan Shamrendra , Pratap Rishabh , Raj Gaurav , Chauhan Abhishek , Kumar Tushant , Singh Neha , Singh Ajai Kumar , Gupta Nikhil 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective The genesis of both osteoporosis and sarcopenia is multifactorial, complicated, and interrelated. The present study has been undertaken to analyze the prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) and the pattern of imaging markers of sarcopenia (paraspinal skeletal muscle area [SMA] and skeletal muscle index [SMI] with respect to clinicodemographic profile in middle-aged patients (30–45 years) undergoing evaluation for low back pain (LBP).
Materials and Methods Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbosacral spine and/or sacroiliac joints was done on 3T MRI. BMD of the lumbar spine (L1 to L4) was assessed using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. SMA was calculated by measuring the cross-sectional area of paraspinal muscles (bilateral psoas, erector spinae, and multifidus), and SMI was calculated by dividing SMA by height2.
Results The prevalence of osteoporosis was 12.1% in patients of age 30 to 45 years presenting with LBP. Both osteoporosis and paraspinal muscle mass were statistically associated with the duration of symptoms (p-value <0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in different MRI findings, that is, normal, inflammatory, infective, and degenerative etiology.
Conclusion Low BMD and loss of muscle mass in cases with LBP are more related to duration of disease rather than etiology or gender in middle-aged subjects. Early intervention to manage LBP may prevent progression to osteoporosis and sarcopenia in young adults.
Single-Portal Arthroscopy Improves the Assessment of Radial-sided Disorders of the Wrist
Authors: Luchetti Riccardo , Montanari Sara , Marcovici Lucian Lior , Cozzolino Roberto , Kakar Sanjeev , Atzei Andrea 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to describe the technique, indications, and advantages of the single-portal arthroscopic approach for the diagnosis and staging of chronic radial-sided disorders, including scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) tear, scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) deformities.
Methods The single portal technique was used in 138 patients affected by suspected SLIL lesions, SLAC and SNAC wrist injuries with positive clinical symptoms and inconclusive imaging (X-ray and MRI). It was used to grade the nature of the SLIL lesion and the extension of the osteochondral damage in the SLAC and SNAC wrist deformity to guide appropriate treatment.
Results Patients were divided into group 1 (SLIL: 45 cases), group 2a (SLAC: 65 cases), and group 2b (SNAC: 28 cases). In group 1, stage 4 SLIL lesions were confirmed in 36 cases and 9 were assessed as SLAC wrist deformity. In group 2a, single-portal arthroscopy confirmed the preoperative diagnosis in 74% of cases. In the remaining 26% of patients, arthroscopy modified the preoperative diagnosis: 1 case of SLAC 1 resulted in SLAC 2, 14 cases of SLAC 2 resulted in SLAC 3, 1 case of SLAC 3 resulted in SLAC 2. A case of SLAC 2 turned out to be an SLIL lesion stage 4. In group 2b, single-portal arthroscopy confirmed the preoperative diagnosis in 86% of cases. In the remaining 14% (4 cases), it modified the preoperative diagnosis: 1 of SNAC 1 resulted in SNAC 2 and the other in SNAC 3, 1 case of SNAC 2 turned out to be an SNAC 3, and 1 case of SNAC 3 resulted in SNAC 4.
Conclusion Single-portal wrist arthroscopy modified the preoperative diagnosis of wrist pathology in 42 patients over 138 cases. The use of single-portal wrist arthroscopy should be considered in the evaluation of the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints to allow accurate visualization of the joint surfaces for surgeon and patient planning.
Type of Study/Level of Evidence Observational study level of evidence IV.
Frailty is Superior to Age at Predicting Extended Length of Stay and Immediate Postoperative Complications Following Total Wrist Arthrodesis
Authors: Koltenyuk Victor , Merckling Matthew , Li Michael , Jarin Ian , Konigsberg Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Hypothesis The modified five-factor frailty index (mFI-5) is a better predictor than age alone of increased risk of extended length of stay (LOS) and postoperative complications in patients undergoing total wrist arthrodesis (TWA).
Methods The National Inpatient Sample database was queried for patients undergoing elective TWA. Patients were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision procedure codes, excluding nonelective cases, hardware removal, and patients with cerebral palsy or seizure disorders. Frailty was assessed by identifying the variables used in the mFI-5 and patients were categorized as nonfrail (mFI-5 = 0), prefrail (mFI-5 = 1), and frail (mFI-5 ≥ 2). Outcomes assessed included LOS and immediate postoperative complications such as nausea and vomiting requiring admission, acute kidney injury, postoperative hypotension, postoperative hypothyroidism, and urinary tract infection. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between frailty status and both extended LOS and immediate postoperative complications.
Results Between 2015 and 2019, 685 patients underwent TWA, with 49.6% not frail, 33.5% prefrail, and 16.7% frail. Prefrail and frail patients were at increased risk of undergoing extended LOS (OR 2.182, p = 0.001; OR 2.312, p = 0.002, respectively). Age over 65 (OR 1.995, p < 0.001) and female sex (OR 1.605, p = 0.029) were also independent risk factors. Frail patients were found to have an increased likelihood of acquiring any postoperative complication (OR 3.865, p < 0.001), while elderly age was not a significant risk factor (OR 1.361, p = 0.298). Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the mFI-5 demonstrated superior discriminatory ability compared with age for extended LOS (Area under the curve (AUC) 0.729 vs. 0.542) and postoperative complications (AUC 0.712 vs. 0.673).
Conclusion Our study demonstrates that both elderly age and frailty are independent predictors of extended hospitalization following TWA, while frailty but not age, is a significant predictor of immediate postoperative complications. To our knowledge, our study is the first to report an association between frailty status and immediate postoperative complications following TWA. Incorporating a preoperative frailty screening can allow for more open and informed preoperative discussion about surgical risk for elective procedures such as TWA, as well as allow for enhanced postoperative planning.
The Fatty Dilemma: A Rare Instance of Extra- and Intravascular Lipoma of the Brachiocephalic Vein
Authors: Hiregouja Eranna Roja , Pokanati Suhasini Devi , Rajkumar B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOftentimes, incidental findings are made on routine diagnostic imaging. An intra- and extravascular lipoma is one example of an important incidental finding. Intravascular lipomas are rare benign vascular tumors that are typically asymptomatic. They are most commonly found in the inferior vena cava but have also been recorded in the superior vena cava, brachiocephalic vein, subclavian vein, internal jugular vein, external jugular vein, and common femoral vein. Here, we presented the case of a 64-year-old female patient with an incidentally discovered intra- and extravascular lipoma affecting the right subclavian and brachiocephalic veins. While benign, intravascular lipoma on imaging can resemble a malignant tumor such as leiomyosarcoma or thrombus. As a result, appropriate identification and classification of this imaging finding is crucial for avoiding an exorbitant and futile workup.
Looking for a way out: The dynamics of slum life, poverty, and everyday resistance in Katherine Boo’s Behind the Beautiful Forevers
Authors: Soliman Nada 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article looks into the implications of urban informality in Katherine Boo’s Behind the Beautiful Forevers: Life, Death and Hope in a Mumbai Slum (2012) as represented in slum life and urban poverty. It aims to investigate the impact of urban poverty on the everyday practices of slum dwellers and their endeavors to escape the trap of poverty in an attempt to highlight the human dimension of the slum. The article seeks to unravel multi-layers of the interaction between people and poverty and the differing models of resistance to poverty and social exclusion depicted in the nonfiction narrative. The article examines slum life from a descriptive sociological perspective with a detailed description of how people survive in poverty. The study of the culture of slums entails an analysis of the survival techniques and everyday practices of slum dwellers, the relations and patterns of behavior among the different categories of people inhabiting a slum, and the outcomes of the interplay between place, culture, and power relations in such communities. This is implemented through an eclectic sociological approach that comprises theories of space, culture, and resistance as proposed by James Scott, Theodore W. Schultz, and Henri Lefebvre.