bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health literacy among consumers in community pharmacy: perceptions of pharmacy staff
Authors: Kairuz Therese E. , Bellamy Kim M. , Lord Elisabeth , Ostini Remo , Emmerton Lynne M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundLow health literacy has important consequences for health status, medication adherence and use of health services. There is little insight from the perspective of pharmacy staff into how they identify the information needs of consumers and particularly the signals and risk factors of limited health literacy that they encounter in their day‐to‐day communication with consumers.ObjectiveTo investigate factors impacting on consumer health literacy, from the perspective of pharmacy staff.MethodsThe research comprised semi‐structured interviews conducted in a convenience sample of pharmacies in the south‐east region of Queensland, Australia. Eleven pharmacists and nine pharmacy assistants agreed to participate. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Initial coding of the anonymized transcripts was performed using NVivo®. Codes were analysed into overarching themes and subthemes, which were then re‐named and refined through consensus discussion.ResultsThree overarching themes were identified from the coding process: complexity of the health system, clarity of information, and dialogue among consumers and health‐care professionals. Two of the themes were system related, namely the health system and pharmacy labels; the health literacy issues included lack of clarity, complexity and misunderstanding. The third theme was related to communication.ConclusionsComplexity of the health system, clarity of information and dialogue among consumers and health‐care professionals were identified as factors associated with consumers' health literacy. We call for increased engagement between pharmacy staff and consumers with improved focus on areas of potential confusion, such as medicine labels and navigation of the health system, aiming to minimize negative consequences of limited health literacy and optimize patient health outcomes.
Aiming for inclusion: a case study of motivations for involvement in mental health‐care governance by ethnic minority users
Authors: de Freitas Cláudia 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the motivations for involvement in mental health‐care governance by socially disadvantaged ethnic minority users.Design and settingA qualitative case study approach was employed to investigate the involvement of minority north‐eastern users in mental health‐care governance atCAPS PedroPellegrino inRio deJaneiro,Brazil. Semi‐structured interviews with minorityNortheasterners (n = 12) and institutional stakeholders (n = 26) were complemented by participant observation of user assembly and user movement meetings.FindingsMinorityNortheasterners express both individual and collective motivations for involvement in mental health‐care governance. Individual motivations include the desire to increase social interaction, acquire meaningful social roles and overcome the stigma attached to mental illness. Collective motivations include the intent to improve the responsiveness of mental health care and achieve social justice for people with mental problems. Taken together, these motivations demonstrate a strong aspiration by users to promote their social inclusion and the inclusion of others who also experience marginalization. Results also reveal that the involvement of long‐term participants is driven mostly by collective goals while early‐stage participants focus predominantly in dealing with individual concerns. This is at odds with the mutual incentives theory, which postulates that collective motivations prevail over individual motivations in explaining user involvement.ConclusionGroups historically excluded from decision‐making processes may identify social inclusion as the core goal of their involvement. Initiatives aiming to increase user participation in health‐care governance must address the range of motivations driving the involvement of users, instead of focusing solely on issues related to health‐care management and provision.
The care delivery experience of hospitalized patients with complex chronic disease
Authors: Kuluski Kerry , Hoang Sylvia N. , Schaink Alexis K. , Alvaro Celeste , Lyons Renee F. , Tobias Roy , Bensimon Cécile M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated what is important in care delivery from the perspective of hospital inpatients with complex chronic disease, a currently understudied population.Participants and SettingOne‐on‐one semi‐structured interviews were conducted with inpatients at a continuing care/rehabilitation hospital (n = 116) in Canada between February and July 2011.DesignThe study design was mixed methods and reports on patient characteristics and care delivery experiences. Basic descriptive statistics were run using SPSS version 17, and thematic analysis on the transcripts was conducted using NVivo9 software.ResultsPatients had an average of 5 morbidities and several illness symptoms including activity of daily living impairments, physical pain and emotional disturbance. Three broad themes (each with one or more subthemes) were generated from the data representing important components of care delivery: components of the care plan (a comprehensive assessment, supported transitions and a bio‐psycho‐social care package); care capacity and quality (optimal staff to patient ratios, quicker response times, better patient–provider communication and consistency between providers) and the patient–provider relationships (characterized by respect and dignity).ConclusionsAs health systems throughout the industrialized world move to sustain health budgets while optimizing quality of care, it is critical to better understand this population, so that appropriate metrics, services and policies can be developed. The study has generated a body of evidence on the important components of care delivery from the perspectives of a diverse group of chronically ill individuals who have spent a considerable amount of time in the health‐care system. Moving forward, exploration around the appropriate funding models and skill mix is needed to move the evidence into changed practice.
Effect of defatting and decortication on distribution of fatty acids, phenolic and antioxidant compounds in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) bran fractions
Authors: Buitimea‐Cantúa Nydia E. , Torres‐Chávez Patricia I. , Ledesma‐Osuna Ana I. , Ramírez‐Wong Benjamin , Robles‐Sánchez Rosario M. , Serna‐Saldívar Sergio O. 
Published: May 2013

SummarySorghum bran components could be a potential source of nutrients and phytochemicals for industrial applications. The effect of defatting with hexane and different degrees of decortication on distribution of fatty acids, phenolic compounds, colour (L, a and b) and antioxidant activity (DPPH) of red (RS) and white (WS) sorghums was studied. The decortication process was carried out at time intervals of 1–6 min. Defatted and nondefatted fractions were analysed. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was higher than monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA); the content of MUFA was higher than saturated fatty acids (SFA). Linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids predominated in all fractions. Significant differences in the content of palmitic and linolenic acids between sorghums were found. RS had higher content of palmitic, and WS was higher in linoleic acid. Defatted samples contained lower amounts of phenolic compounds and higher antioxidant activities, than nondefatted samples. RS was a better source of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity compared with WS, but WS presented a more suitable profile of fatty acids. In conclusion, fractions of both types of sorghums can be used in cereal‐based products to enhance their phytochemical profile.
Comparison of lipid and protein oxidation, total iron content and fatty acid profile of conventional and organic pork
Authors: Karwowska Małgorzata , Dolatowski Zbigniew J. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe aim of the research was to compare differences in lipid and protein oxidation, total iron content and fatty acid profile in pork loin obtained from organic and conventionally reared pigs. The samples of organic meat were taken from breeding certified by the polish certifying body according to the Council Regulation (EC) no 834/2007 on organic production and labelling of organic products. The meat samples were examined at the following times post‐mortem: 2, 4, 7 days. Measurements of lipid oxidation showed that the organic meat samples were characterised by lower TBARS values during whole storage period (0.78–0.81 mg kg−1) compared with those of conventional system production (0.95–0.99 mg kg−1). Results of protein oxidation measurements of the organic meat sample were significantly lower (0.43 nmol mg−1 protein) at the beginning of experiment than those for the conventional meat sample (0.66 nmol mg−1 protein). It was also indicated that the production system had no effect on iron content and myoglobin oxidation during storage. In conclusion, obtained results pointed out that the organic pig meat was characterised by higher lipid stability during the whole storage time compared with meat from conventional production system.
Cry Babies and Pollyannas: Infants Can Detect Unjustified Emotional Reactions
Authors: Chiarella Sabrina S. , Poulin‐Dubois Diane 
Published: May 2013

Infants are attuned to emotional facial and vocal expressions, reacting most prominently when they are exposed to negative expressions. However, it remains unknown if infants can detect whether a person's emotions are justifiable given a particular context. The focus of the current paper was to examine whether infants react the same way to unjustified (e.g., distress following a positive experience) and justified (e.g., distress following a negative experience) emotional reactions. Infants aged 15 and 18 months were shown an actor experiencing negative and positive experiences, with one group exposed to an actor whose emotional reactions were consistently unjustified (i.e., did not match the event), while the other saw an actor whose emotional reactions were justified (i.e., always matched the event). Infants' looking times and empathic reactions were examined. Only 18‐month‐olds detected the mismatching facial expressions: Those in the unjustified group showed more hypothesis testing (i.e., checking) across events than the justified group. Older infants in the justified group also showed more concerned reactions to negative expressions than those in the unjustified group. The present findings indicate that infants implicitly understand how the emotional valence of experiences is linked to subsequent emotional expressions.
Patterns and predictors of non‐use of family planning methods in Ethiopian women: a panel survey
Authors: Lee H. , Lee T. , Shin H. , Ahn H. , Kim M. , Lee M. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeFamily planning (FP) is a key global health issue for achieving millennium development goals by 2015. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of changes in FP practice before and after interventions among Ethiopian women of reproductive age in a rural area.MethodsThis study used a panel survey to identify predictors that placed women at greater risk for non‐use of FP methods. The sample consisted of 407 women aged 19–49 years old living in a rural community of Ethiopia who completed both a baseline and follow‐up survey. Trained local enumerators conducted face‐to‐face interviews during home visits. Patterns of FP practice were categorized into four groups: FP use at both baseline and follow‐up; use at baseline but non‐use at follow‐up; non‐use at baseline but use at follow‐up; non‐use at both baseline and follow‐up. Logistic regression and classification and regression tree analyses were used.ResultsIn a binary logistic regression, women over 35 years old with a negative attitude towards FP and resided in the Sibu area were less likely to start FP practice. Women over 35 years who were in poor health and resided in Sibu were less likely to continue FP practice. For the decision tree, age was the primary node for FP non‐users at baseline while area of residence was the primary node for FP users at baseline.ConclusionAge, health status, attitude towards FP, and area of residence are the primary considerations when developing FP interventions for Ethiopian women in a resource‐limited rural area.
Is dental caries experience associated with adiposity status in preschool children?
Authors: Peng Si‐Min , Wong Hai Ming , King Nigel M. , McGrath Colman 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundTo date, research on the relationship between dental caries experience and adiposity status is debated.AimTo determine associations between dental caries experience and adiposity status among a community sample of preschool children in Hong Kong.DesignAmong a random sample of 5‐year‐old children, clinical assessment for dental caries was conducted using WHO criteria. Anthropometric measurements for body weight, body height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness (TRSKF) were performed to assess general adiposity, central adiposity, and peripheral adiposity. Associations between adiposity status and caries were examined in regression analyses.ResultsThe response rate was 83.1% (324/390). Regression analyses (adjusted for tooth brushing habits, snacking habits, and socio‐demographic factors) identified that weight/height ratio z‐score was associated with caries experience: prevalence of dental caries experience (dmft > 0), OR 1.41 (95% CI 1.04, 1.91), and ‘very high’ caries experience (dmft ≥ SiC10 Index value), OR 1.62, (95% CI 1.05, 2.50). In addition, WC z‐score was associated with ‘very high’ caries experience (dmft ≥ SiC10 Index value), OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.06, 2.81.ConclusionIn a Hong Kong community sample of preschool children, dental caries experience was associated with general adiposity (as assessed by weight/height ratio) and central adiposity (as assessed by WC).
Intranasal influenza vaccination using a new synthetic mucosal adjuvant SF‐10: induction of potent local and systemic immunity with balanced Th1 and Th2 responses
Authors: Kimoto Takashi , Mizuno Dai , Takei Tsunetomo , Kunimi Takuya , Ono Shinji , Sakai Satoko , Kido Hiroshi 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundWe found previously that bovine pulmonary Surfacten® used in newborns with acute respiratory distress syndrome is a safe and efficacious antigen vehicle for intranasal vaccination.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to industrially produce a synthetic adjuvant mimicking Surfacten® for clinical use without risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy.MethodsWe selected three Surfacten lipids and surfactant protein (SP)‐C as essential constituents for adjuvanticity. For replacement of the hydrophobic SP‐C, we synthesized SP‐related peptides and analyzed their adjuvanticity. We evaluated lyophilization to replace sonication for the binding of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) to the synthetic adjuvant. We also added a carboxy vinyl polymer (CVP) to the synthetic adjuvant and named the mixture as SF‐10 adjuvant. HA combined with SF‐10 was administered intranasally to mice, and induction of nasal‐wash HA‐specific secretory IgA (s‐IgA) and serum IgG with Th1‐/Th2‐type cytokine responses in nasal cavity and virus challenge test were assessed.Results and ConclusionsIntranasal immunization with HA–SF–10 induced significantly higher levels of anti‐HA‐specific nasal‐wash s‐IgA and serum IgG than those induced by HA‐poly(I:C), a reported potent mucosal vaccine, and provided highly efficient protection against lethal doses of virus challenge in mice. Anti‐HA‐specific serum IgG levels induced by HA–SF–10 were almost equivalent to those induced by subcutaneous immunization of HA twice. Intranasal administration of HA–SF–10 induced balanced anti‐HA‐specific IgG1 and IgG2a in sera and IFN‐γ‐ and IL‐4‐producing lymphocytes in nasal cavity without any induction of anti‐HA IgE. The results suggest that HA–SF–10 is a promising nasal influenza vaccine and that SF‐10 can be supplied in large quantities commercially.
A randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of soft silicone multi‐layered foam dressings in the prevention of sacral and heel pressure ulcers in trauma and critically ill patients: the border trial
Authors: Santamaria Nick , Gerdtz Marie , Sage Sarah , McCann Jane , Freeman Amy , Vassiliou Theresa , De Vincentis Stephanie , Ng Ai Wei , Manias Elizabeth , Liu Wei , Knott Jonathan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe prevention of hospital acquired pressure ulcers in critically ill patients remains a significant clinical challenge. The aim of this trial was to investigate the effectiveness of multi‐layered soft silicone foam dressings in preventing intensive care unit (ICU) pressure ulcers when applied in the emergency department to 440 trauma and critically ill patients. Intervention group patients (n = 219) had Mepilex® Border Sacrum and Mepilex® Heel dressings applied in the emergency department and maintained throughout their ICU stay. Results revealed that there were significantly fewer patients with pressure ulcers in the intervention group compared to the control group (5 versus 20, P = 0·001). This represented a 10% difference in incidence between the groups (3·1% versus 13·1%) and a number needed to treat of ten patients to prevent one pressure ulcer. Overall there were fewer sacral (2 versus 8, P = 0·05) and heel pressure ulcers (5 versus 19, P = 0·002) and pressure injuries overall (7 versus 27, P = 0·002) in interventions than in controls. The time to injury survival analysis indicated that intervention group patients had a hazard ratio of 0·19 (P = 0·002) compared to control group patients. We conclude that multi‐layered soft silicone foam dressings are effective in preventing pressure ulcers in critically ill patients when applied in the emergency department prior to ICU transfer.
Timing of puberty and physical growth in obese children: a longitudinal study in boys and girls
Authors: De Leonibus C. , Marcovecchio M. L. , Chiavaroli V. , de Giorgis T. , Chiarelli F. , Mohn A. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
There is emerging evidence suggesting that childhood obesity may influence the timing/tempo of puberty and growth patterns.
An earlier onset of puberty generally occurs in obese girls, whereas conflicting data are available for boys.
Obese children tend to be taller during pre‐puberty but lose this growth advantage during puberty.
What this study adds
Obese boys and girls present an earlier onset of puberty and completion of puberty, with a shorter duration of puberty compared to normal‐weight peers.
Obese children tend to have a similar adult height compared to normal‐weight children.
BackgroundThere is emerging evidence suggesting that childhood obesity may influence the timing of puberty and growth patterns. However, there are scant and controversial data in this field.ObjectiveTo assess whether puberty and physical growth vary in obese when compared to normal‐weight children.MethodsOne hundred obese pre‐pubertal children (44 boys; mean age (±SD): 9.01 ± 0.62 years; 56 girls; 8.70 ± 0.57 years) were compared to 55 normal‐weight controls (27 boys; 9.17 ± 0.26 years; 28 girls; 8.71 ± 0.62 years). All study participants were followed prospectively with 6‐monthly follow‐up visits. At each study visit, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and pubertal stage were assessed.ResultsObese children entered puberty and achieved later stages of puberty earlier than controls (onset of puberty: boys: 11.66 ± 1.00 vs. 12.12 ± 0.91 years, P = 0.049; girls: 9.90 ± 0.78 vs. 10.32 ± 1.70, P = 0.016; late puberty: boys: 13.33 ± 0.71 vs. 14.47 ± 1.00 years, P < 0.001; girls: 11.54 ± 0.99 vs. 12.40 ± 1.02, P = 0.001). Pre‐pubertal BMI standard deviation score (SDS) was inversely associated with both age at the onset of puberty (β = −0.506, P < 0.001) and age at late puberty (β = −0.514, P < 0.001). Obese children also showed an earlier age at peak height velocity (PHV) (boys: 12.62 ± 0.82 vs. 13.19 ± 0.96 years, P = 0.01; girls: 11.37 ± 0.89 vs. 12.77 ± 0.76, P < 0.001) and a lower PHV (boys: 7.74 ± 1.49 vs. 9.28 ± 1.64 cm year−1, P < 0.001; girls: 7.60 ± 1.64 vs. 8.29 ± 1.03, P = 0.03). Height SDS progressively declined over the study period in the obese group (P for trend <0.001), whereas there were no significant changes in the control group (P for trend = 0.5).ConclusionsObese boys and girls presented an earlier onset of puberty and completion of puberty and an impaired height gain during puberty.
Dignity and the factors that influence it according to nursing home residents: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Oosterveld‐Vlug Mariska G. , Pasman H. Roeline W. , van Gennip Isis E. , Muller Martien T. , Willems Dick L. , Onwuteaka‐Philipsen Bregje D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimTo gain insight in the way nursing home residents experience personal dignity and the factors that preserve or undermine it.BackgroundNursing home residents are exposed to diverse factors which may be associated with the loss of personal dignity. To help them maintain their dignity, it is important to investigate this concept from the residents' perspective.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsIn‐depth interviews were conducted between May 2010–June 2011 with 30 recently admitted residents of the general medical wards of four nursing homes in The Netherlands.ResultsIllness‐related conditions were the starting point of a process which could affect personal dignity, by threatening aspects of one's individual self and social world. Living in a nursing home was not a reason in itself to feel less self‐worth, but rather seen as a consequence of functional incapacity. Nevertheless, many residents felt discarded by society and not taken seriously, simply because of their age or illness. Waiting for help, being dictated to by nurses and not receiving enough attention could undermine personal dignity, whereas aspects of good professional care (e.g. being treated with respect), a supportive social network and adequate coping capacities could protect it.ConclusionsContrary to the general view in society that living in a nursing home always undermines one's dignity, good professional care and a supportive social network can preserve dignity as well. To support residents in their challenge of maintaining dignity, nursing home staff, relatives and society should pay more attention to the way they treat them.