bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etikk på kollisjonskurs – når forvaltningsetikk og forskningsetikk møtes
Authors: Otterlei Jill Beth , Skorstad Berit 
Published: June 2015

Artikkelen er en analyse av to formaliserte etiske retningslinjer som skal gjelde i norske akademiske institusjoner. Den ene er utarbeidet for forvaltningen og den andre for forskningen. Analysen gjøres ved å sammenligne to dokumenter som inneholder etiske retningslinjer. Videre knyttes analysen til ulike «etos» som skiller forvaltningen og forskningen. Artikkelen går særlig inn på normene lydighet og frihet, som framstår som mest motsetningsfylte når de «møtes» i akademia. Det drøftes hvordan dette påvirker legitimiteten til akademia.Nøkkelord: akademia, byråkrati, etos, forskningsetikk, forvaltningsetikkEnglish summary: Ethics on a collision course – when bureaucratic ethics and research ethics meetThe article is an analysis of two formal ethical guidelines for Norwegian academic institutions. One is prepared for the governmental bureaucracy and the other is research ethics. The analysis is done by comparing two documents containing the code of conduct for each field. Further analysis is related to the differing «ethos» that separates the bureaucracy from the research. The article dwells on the norms of obedience and freedom that emerge as the most contradictory. The closing discussion is on how this affects the legitimacy of academia.
Unveiling the Role of Additive Molecular Characteristics in Regulating Chlorine Loss and Phase Distribution for Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Hu Xin‐Mei , Shen Yang , Feng Shi‐Chi , Su Zhen‐Huang , Zhang Kai , Cao Long‐Xue , Wang Bing‐Feng , Gao Xingyu , Tang Jian‐Xin , Li Yan‐Qing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have garnered extraordinary attention in displaying field owing to their excellent luminescence properties. Although exogenous additives are extensively employed for optimizing PeLEDs, their comprehensive regulation including side effects still lacks in‐depth study. Here for the first time, it is demonstrated that the deprotonation degree of additives significantly influences the performance of blue PeLEDs. Benzenesulfonic acid (BSA) and ammonium benzenesulfonate (ABS) with similar molecular structures while distinctly different acid dissociation constants (pKa) are used for modifying blue perovskites. By comparison, high‐pKa ABS holds greater potential in boosting device performance, contributing to an improved peak external quantum efficiency of 18.8%. This discrepancy is ascribed to the fact that low‐pKa BSA is prone to induce prominent perovskite chlorine loss owing to its intense deprotonation, while high‐pKa ABS significantly suppresses chlorine vacancy formation. Meanwhile, the adsorption energy of organic spacer onto perovskite is greatly reduced due to the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding with ABS, contributing to a concentrated phase arrangement for smooth exciton energy transfer. Additionally, ABS modification further suppresses trap‐mediated nonradiative recombination by coordinating with the undercoordinated lead (II) ions at grain boundaries. This work provides valuable guidelines for optimizing additive screening toward high‐performance blue PeLEDs.
Toward Thin‐Film Laser Diodes with Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Goldberg Iakov , Elkhouly Karim , Annavarapu Nirav , Hamdad Sarah , Gonzalez Maider Calderon , Genoe Jan , Gehlhaar Robert , Heremans Paul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetal halide perovskite semiconductors hold a strong promise for enabling thin‐film laser diodes. Perovskites distinguish themselves from other non‐epitaxial media primarily through their ability to maintain performance at high current densities, which is a critical requirement for achieving injection lasing. Coming in a wide range of varieties, numerous perovskites delivered low‐threshold optical amplified spontaneous emission and optically pumped lasing when combined with a suitable optical cavity. A progression toward electrically pumped lasing requires the development of efficient light‐emitting structures with reduced optical losses and high radiative efficiency at lasing‐level current densities. This involves a set of important trade‐offs in terms of material choice, stack and waveguide design, as well as resonator integration. In this Perspective, the key milestones are highlighted that have been achieved in the study of passive optical waveguides and light‐emitting diodes, and these learnings are translated toward more complex laser diode architectures. Finally, a novel resonator integration route is proposed that is capable of relaxing optical and electrical design constraints.
Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition of Functional Thin Films Based on Rare Earth Elements
Authors: Ghazy Amr , Zanders David , Devi Anjana , Karppinen Maarit 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐quality rare earth element (R) based thin films are in demand for applications ranging from (opto)electronics and energy conversion/storage to medical diagnostics, imaging and security technologies. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) offers large‐area homogeneous and conformal ultrathin films and is uniquely suited to address the requirements set by the potential applications of R‐based thin films. The history starts from the 1990s, when the first electroluminescent R‐doped thin films were grown with ALD. The interest soon expanded to rare earth element oxide layers as high‐k gate dielectrics in semiconductor devices, and later to complex ternary and quaternary perovskite oxides with novel functional properties. The most recent advancements related to the combined atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) have rapidly expanded the family of R‐organic hybrid materials with intriguing luminescence and up‐conversion properties. This review provides up‐to‐date insights to the current state of ALD and ALD/MLD research of R‐based thin films and highlights their application potential.
Contribution of alpha‐synuclein pathology to cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with amnestic MCI
Authors: Abu‐Rumeileh Samir , Arajyan Garegin , Reiman Eric M. , Otto Markus , Weise Christopher M. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe in vivo detection of mixed Alzheimer's disease (AD) and α‐synuclein (αSyn) pathology is important for clinical management and prognostic stratification. We investigated the contribution of αSyn pathology, detected by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) seed amplification assay (αSyn SAA), on [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) pattern in subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).METHODSWe included 562 aMCI participants and 204 cognitively normal controls (CN) with available αSyn SAA and cerebral metabolic rate for glucose utilization (rCMRgl) data.RESULTS24% of aMCI cases were positive (+) for CSF αSyn SAA. Compared to CN, both αSyn+ and negative (−) aMCI participants showed reductions in rCMRgl within AD typical regions. αSyn+ aMCI had lower rCMRgl within AD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) typical regions compared to αSyn− aMCI, even after stratification according to the CSF AT(N) system.DISCUSSIONαSyn pathology contributes to a distinct FDG PET pattern in aMCI.Highlights
αSyn pathology can be detected in vivo by CSF αSyn SAA.
We investigated the FDG PET pattern in aMCI patients with CSF αSyn SAA positivity.
αSyn+ aMCI showed a marked brain hypometabolism in AD and DLB typical regions.
A magnetic‐directed micro‐particle with near‐IR light triggered guest‐release property
Authors: Ge Jin , Cheng Xiang , Rong Lihan , Cao Peng‐Fei , Caldona Eugene B. , Advincula Rigoberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, guest carriers, composed of magnetic‐directed hydrogel particles with near‐infrared (NIR)‐light‐triggered guest‐release properties, are prepared via the one‐pot method. The gel particles contain photostable NIR‐responsive polypyrrole nanoparticles with temperature‐sensitive poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide), the combination of which can induce the accelerated release of encapsulated drugs by 337% upon 5 minutes of NIR light irradiation based on the release profile of NRMG‐1 at 10–15 min. Additionally, with magnetic iron oxide particles crosslinking the polyvinyl alcohol frames, these gel particles can form a physical barrier that decreases the release rate by 20% under an external magnetic field over 24 h. The magnetic iron oxide particles also enable the gel particles to reach their target destination without extra drug losses.
Ion‐sieving MXene flakes with quantum dots enable high plating capacity for dendrite‐free Zn anodes
Authors: Liu Xinlong , Xu Bingang , Deng Shenzhen , Han Jing , An Yongling , Zhao Jingxin , Yang Qingjun , Xiao Yana , Fang Cuiqin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe commercial utilization of Zn metal anodes with high plating capacity is significantly hindered by the uncontrolled growth of dendrites and associated side reactions. Herein, a robust artificial ion‐sieving MXene flake (MXF)‐coating layer, with abundant polar terminated groups, is constructed to regulate the interfacial Zn2+ deposition behavior. In particular, the fragmented MXF coupled with in situ generated quantum dots not only has strong Zn affinity to homogenize electric fields but also generates numerous zincophilic sites to reduce nucleation energy, thus securing a uniform dendrite‐free surface. Additionally, the porous coating layer with polar groups allows the downward diffusion of Zn2+ to achieve bottom‐up deposition and repels the excessive free water and anions to prevent parasitic reactions. The ion‐sieving effect of MXF is firmly verified in symmetric cells with high areal capacity of 10–40 mAh cm−2 (1.0 mA cm−2) and depth of discharge of 15%–60%. Therefore, the functional MXF‐coated anode manifests long‐term cycling with 2700 h of stable plating/stripping in Zn||Zn cell. Such rational design of MXF protective layer breaks new ground in developing high plating capacity zinc anodes for practical applications.
Rich electron delocalization structure in carbon nitride inducing radical transfer for high‐performance photocatalytic uranyl reduction
Authors: Liu Zhangmeng , Li Yayao , Yao Shuaiqi , Zhou Runchao , Lin Guiting , Fu Yunzhi , Zhou Qixin , Wang Wei , Chi Weijie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInvestigating the activation of the persulfate process through heterogeneous carbonaceous catalysts to expedite the reduction of uranyl ions (U(VI)) is imperative. The primary hurdle involves understanding the transfer and distribution of photogenerated carriers during the reduction process in this intricate system and deciphering the role of activated groups in promoting reduction efficiency. In this study, we strategically regulate the structure of polymeric carbon nitride to promote the N‐doped state, thereby facilitating delocalization electron enrichment. The resulting active sites effectively activate peroxyl disulfate (PDS), generating radicals that expedite the selective reduction of U(VI). This strategic approach mitigates the inherent disadvantage of the short half‐life of free radicals in persulfate‐based advanced oxidation processes. As a consequence of our endeavors and with the simultaneous presence of PDS and hydrogen peroxide, we achieve an exceptional photoreduction efficiency of 100% within a remarkably short period of 20 min. This breakthrough presents a high‐efficiency application with significant potential for addressing the pollution associated with uranyl‐containing wastewater. Our findings not only contribute to the fundamental understanding of AOPs but also offer a practical solution with implications for environmental remediation.
Study on the key ecological factors for the reproduction of Gymnocypris eckloni in the upper reaches of the Yellow River
Authors: Guo Lihao , Li Guodong , Zhang Qiaoling , Zhang Guoyong , Wang Weiying , Liu Zijun , Li Shanshan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe development of hydroelectric projects has adversely affected the reproductive activities of downstream fish species. To facilitate the natural reproduction of fish and restore spawning grounds post‐dam construction, it is imperative to explore the ecological factors crucial for their reproduction. Currently, various research methods with different advantages and limitations are employed for this purpose. Using identified spawning locations and periods as clues, we quantitatively investigate the flow velocity, water depth, water temperature, and riverbed substrate required for spawning. The results are validated using habitat simulation methods, aiming to establish a more scientific approach to explore ecological factors affecting fish reproduction. This study provides a more scientific, systematic, and detailed report on the ecological factors required for the spawning of Gymnocypris eckloni: flow velocity ranging from 0.19 to 0.97 m/s, water depth from 0.28 to 1.12 m, water temperature between 11.4 and 15.2°C, and predominantly gravel substrate. The reliability of the results was verified in another spawning ground, with good verification results. This research provides crucial data for the bio‐mimetic reproductive technology of Gymnocypris eckloni and the restoration of spawning grounds for natural fish reproduction post‐dam construction. It addresses the lack of suitable ecological factor data for protective fish species in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The method exhibits strong scientific, accurate, and implementable characteristics.
Compliance and determinants of infection prevention and control practices among sanitary workers in public hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tolera Sina T. , Assefa Nega , Geremew Abraham , Toseva Elka , Gobena Tesfaye 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundBest practice of infection prevention and control (IPC) is a hallmark for the patient care in health care settings, but it is a major problem in developing countries like Ethiopia where resources are limited. Ethiopia Federal Ministry of Health working to strengthen its IPC program, but still it there is no organized study conducted on assessment of performance gaps and implementation challenges of IPC practice faced by hospital staffs particularly among sanitary workers (SWs) at public hospitals inline to national and international guidelines.AimThis study focuses on compliance and determinants of IPC among sanitary worker in public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia: A cross sectional study design.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 809 SWs and eight IPC experts in public hospitals, eastern Ethiopia, from May to August 2023. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data. Face‐to‐face interview was conducted. Ten (10) question pursued to answer YES/NO were prepared. The cut point for categories of IPC practice was 1: Good (16–20 scores), 2: Fair (10–15 scores), and 3: Poor (<10 scores). The cut point for compliance and noncompliance of IPC practice among hospitals was mean (500.1). Multi‐level ordinal logistic regression models was applied to explore the association of dependent and independent variables at individual level (Model 1), hospital level (Model 2) and at both (Model 3). Crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to report the result.ResultThe compliance of IPC practice among SWs was 36.21% (32.72, 39.82%). The Multilevel ordinal logistic regression model shows that SWs who have good knowledge of IPC trend (AOR: 4.70, 95% CI: 2.11–10.46), SWs who are not addictive with alcohol (AOR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.15,4.78) and chew Khat (AOR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.06,2.46) and smoke cigarette (AOR: 3.15, 95% CI: 2.35–5.41), and SWs without job stress (AOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 0.86–2.48) were more compliant to IPC practice. Similarly, those who do not have workload (AOR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.56–4.82), work <8 h/day (AOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 0.92–2.30), and those who have good social recognition in hospitals (AOR: 6.08, 95% CI: 4.24–8.71) were more likely to increase the compliance of IPC practice among SWs. The multilevel random‐effect model revealed 93.71% of the variability of compliance of IPC practice explained by both individual and hospital level factors.ConclusionThe overall study found that inadequate IPC practice was reported among SWs as well as by IPC experts due to poor knowledge of IPC trend and individual behaviors and working environment. Thus, the study advised that hospitals have to develop and establish IPC implementation guidelines in order to solve the concerns among these groups; national IPC office should follow its implementation across health care settings particularly at public hospitals.
Leaf epidermal features and stomatogenesis in some ornamental Euphorbiaceae
Authors: Karatela Y. Y. , Gill L. S. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryMature stomatal structure and their ontogeny have been described in nine ornamental plants of the family Euphorbiaceae. Anomocytic and paracytic stomata with agenous, eumesogenous and hemimesogenous ontogeny respectively have been observed in all the taxa. Water stomata have been observed in Acalyphya wilkesiana. Stomatal abnormalities such as stomata without stomatal pore, stomata with single guard cell, contiguous stomata have been observed.
Zur Kenntnis der Flora und Vegetation auf Serpentin‐Standorten Nordgriechenlands I. Serpentinvegetation im Voras‐Gebirge
Authors: Babalonas D. 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Serpentin trägt im Voras‐Gebirge einen Quercus‐Wald, der nicht gut entwickelt ist. Die Ursachen sind einerseits anthropogene Einflüsse und andererseits das Serpentinsubstrat.Auβer dem Wald (Quercion frainetto), der einen Teil des Serpentins deckt, entwickeln sich im Gebiet Trockenrasen, in denen Alyssum murale s. l. die Hauptrolle spielt. Diese Alyssum‐Fluren ersetzen, wie es scheint, den Quercus‐Wald an Stellen, an denen er degradiert wurde oder wegen des Serpentinsubstrates nicht wachsen kann.Unter den Alyssum‐Fluren unterscheiden sich die Psilurus incurvus‐Aegylops neglecta‐Gesellschaft und die Onosma heterophylla‐Silene fabarioides‐Gesellschaft.Bodenprofile und Bodenprobenanalysen zeigten das Vorhandensein von 3 verschiedenen Bodentypen, die den 3 oben genannten Vegetationseinheiten entsprechen. Ein allgemeines Merkmal bildet der groβe Mg‐Gehalt der Böden, der das Verhältnis Ca/Mg für die Entwicklung der Pflanzen nicht günstig macht. Der Gehalt an in den Böden gefundenen austauschbaren Ni‐Kationen schwankt zwischen 0–16 ppm.
Beitrag zur Systematik der Geastrales
Authors: Dörfelt Heinrich , Müller‐Uri Christina 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungAls Lectotypus von Geastrum rufescens Persoon wurde die Figur 2 der Tafel 182 von Schaeffer (1763) ausgewählt.Geastrum indicum (Klotzsch) S. Rauschert wird zugunsten des Namens Geastrum triplex Junghuhn verworfen. Der Name Geastrum capense Thümen ist ein Synonym zu Geastrum saccatum Fries. Als Lectotypus wurde ein Exemplar aus HAL ausgewählt.
Epidermal structure, organographic distribution, structure and ontogeny of stomata in Bixaceae
Authors: Bhat R. B. , Weber D. J. , Abiodun B. M. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe epidermal structure, organographic distribution, structure and ontogeny of stomatal complex in the family Bixaceae are illustrated and described. This family is represented by a single genus Bixa. The organs investigated are the leaves, stems, petioles, fruits and peduncles. The leaves are amphistomatic. The mature stomata are either anisocytic, paracytic, or anomocytic. The anomocytic is common, while paracytic and anisocytic are of rare occurrence. Stomatal type on the leaf surface is predominantly anomocytic, while the paracytic and anisocytic types are mostly restricted to the petiole. Stomatal complex vary in form, number, orientation, arrangement of subsidiary cells and surrounding epidermal cells in different of the plant. The contiguous stomata, stoma without pore, are also observed. The ontogeny of anisocytic and paracytic stomata is mesogenous, while that of anomocytic is perigenous. Epidermal cells are either polygonal, diametric or elongated and irregularly arranged. Unicellular trichomes occur in this family. The taxonomic significance of the family is also discussed.
A controlled release antibiotic wound protectant gel formulated for use in austere environments
Authors: Florek Charles A. , Cozzone Eric , Williams Dustin L. , Armbruster David A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBattlefield wounds are at high risk of infection due to gross contamination and delays in evacuation from forward‐deployed locations. The aim of this study was to formulate an antibiotic wound gel for application by a field medic in austere environments to protect traumatic wounds from infection during transport. Formulation development was conducted over multiple phases to meet temperature, handling, in vitro elution, and in vivo tissue response requirements. Thermal properties were evaluated by vial inversion, DSC, and syringe expression force in a temperature range of 4–49°C. Handling was evaluated by spreading onto blood‐contaminated tissue and irrigation resistance. Controlled antibiotic release was evaluated by a modified USP immersion cell dissolution method. Local tissue effects were evaluated in vivo by subcutaneous implantation in rats for 7 and 28 days. An oleogel composition of cholesterol, hydrogenated castor oil, soybean oil, and glyceryl monocaprylocaprate met the target performance criteria. Peak expression force from a 5 mL syringe at 4°C was 48.3 N, the dropping point temperature was 68°C, and the oleogel formulation could be spread onto blood‐contaminated tissue and resisted aqueous irrigation. The formulation demonstrated sustained release of tobramycin in PBS at 32°C for 5 days. Implantation in a rat dorsal pocket demonstrated a slight tissue reaction after 7 days with minimal to no reaction after 28 days, comparable to a commercial hemostat control. Material resorption was evident after 28 days. The formulation met target characteristics and is appropriate for further evaluation in a large animal contaminated blast wound model.