bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘The most Martian of Martianesses’: Zhanna Aguzarova, (post-)Soviet rock ‘n’ roll, and the musico-linguistic creation of the ‘outside’
Authors: Amico Stephen 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article focuses on the Soviet/post-Soviet singer Zhanna Aguzarova, as both frontwoman for the seminal Russian rock ‘n’ roll bandBravoand as a solo artist. Contextualising her musical output within the singer's frequent allusions to and performances of extraterrestrialism, and drawing upon works of Kristeva and Vygotskii, I contend that Aguzarova's voice and frequent use of vocables contributed to a creation of a performative space ‘outside’ of and in contradistinction to the linguistically over-determined ‘official’ Soviet space. In conclusion, however, I problematise the creation of a simple binary, showing how Aguzarova's musical Russianness, as well as her emigration from and return to Russia, constitute a type of ‘rooted Otherness’.
Welcome to the candy shop! Conflicting representations of black masculinity
Authors: Djupvik Marita B. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMainstream hip hop videos have long been known for their images of scantily clad women, extreme materialism, and misogynist and homophobic lyrics. In this article I focus on how rapper 50 Cent's masculinity is constructed and expressed through music, lyrics and images in his video ‘Candy Shop’ from 2005. This is a classically modelled hip hop video, replete with markers of hypermasculinity: fancy cars, ‘bling’, and lots of beautiful, sexually available women. Several scholars have discussed how women are exploited in videos like this and reduced to props for the male star. However, few have explored how this macho masculinity is constructed. Through a close reading of this video, using socio-musicology and audiovisual analysis as my approach, I propose that the macho masculinity presented here is threatened when the male body is on display, but 50 Cent reassures himself (and his audience) through selective framing, involving both other performers and the music.
Joints flexibility effect on the dynamic performance of robots
Authors: Zaher Mohamed H. , Megahed Said M. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYThis paper studies the effect of joint flexibility on the dynamic performance of a serial spatial robot arm of rigid links. Three models are developed in this paper. The first and the third models are developed using the multibody dynamics approach, while the second using the classical robotics approach. A numerical algorithm and an experimental test-rig are developed to test the final model. The links' inertial parameters are estimated numerically. Empirical formulae with assumption models are used to estimate the flexibility coefficients. The simulation results show that the joint damping is a major source of inaccuracies, causing trajectory error without a proper feedback controller.
Injection site infections and injuries in men who inject image- and performance-enhancing drugs: prevalence, risks factors, and healthcare seeking
Authors: HOPE V. D. , McVEIGH J. , MARONGIU A. , EVANS-BROWN M. , SMITH J. , KIMERGÅRD A. , PARRY J. V. , NCUBE F. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYPeople who inject drugs are vulnerable to infections and injuries at injection sites, but these have rarely been studied in those injecting image- and performance-enhancing drugs (IPEDs). This study examined the factors associated with reported symptoms of injection site infections and injuries in IPED injectors. Of the 366 male IPED injectors surveyed, 42% reported ever having redness, swelling and tenderness (36% in the preceding year), and 6·8% had ever had an abscess or open wound at an injection site. Having these symptoms was associated with a range of factors related to drug use and healthcare utilization. One sixth (17%) of those reporting redness, tenderness and swelling had ever sought treatment, as had the majority (76%) of those reporting an abscess, sore or open wound. Most common sources of advice were emergency clinics and General Practitioners. Interventions are needed to support access to appropriate injecting equipment and provide targeted harm reduction advice.
The effect of neighborhood disadvantage, social ties, and genetic variation on the antisocial behavior of African American women: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Lei Man-Kit , Simons Ronald L. , Edmond Mary Bond , Simons Leslie Gordon , Cutrona Carolyn E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSocial disorganization theory posits that individuals who live in disadvantaged neighborhoods are more likely to engage in antisocial behavior than are those who live in advantaged neighborhoods and that neighborhood disadvantage asserts this effect through its disruptive impact on social ties. Past research on this framework has been limited in two respects. First, most studies have concentrated on adolescent males. In contrast, the present study focused on a sample of adult African American females. Second, past research has largely ignored individual-level factors that might explain why people who grow up in disadvantaged neighborhoods often do not engage in antisocial behavior. We investigated the extent to which genetic variation contributes to heterogeneity of response to neighborhood conditions. We found that the impact of neighborhood disadvantage on antisocial behavior was mediated by neighborhood social ties. Further, the analysis indicated that the effects of neighborhood disadvantage and social ties on antisocial behavior were moderated by genetic polymorphisms. Examination of these moderating effects provided support for the differential susceptibility model of Gene × Environment. The effect of Gene × Neighborhood Disadvantage on antisocial behavior was mediated by the effect of Gene × Neighborhood Social Ties, providing support for an expanded view of social disorganization theory.
In Situ Observation of Electron Beam-Induced Phase Transformation of CaCO3 to CaO via ELNES at Low Electron Beam Energies
Authors: Golla-Schindler Ute , Benner Gerd , Orchowski Alexander , Kaiser Ute 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIt is demonstrated that energy-filtered transmission electron microscope enables following of in situ changes of the Ca-L2,3 edge which can originate from variations in both local symmetry and bond lengths. Low accelerating voltages of 20 and 40 kV slow down radiation damage effects and enable study of the start and finish of phase transformations. We observed electron beam-induced phase transformation of single crystalline calcite (CaCO3) to polycrystalline calcium oxide (CaO) which occurs in different stages. The coordination of Ca in calcite is close to an octahedral one streched along the <111> direction. Changes during phase transformation to an octahedral coordination of Ca in CaO go along with a bond length increase by 5 pm, where oxygen is preserved as a binding partner. Electron loss near-edge structure of the Ca-L2,3 edge show four separated peaks, which all shift toward lower energies during phase transformation at the same time the energy level splitting increases. We suggest that these changes can be mainly addressed to the change of the bond length on the order of picometers. An important pre-condition for such studies is stability of the energy drift in the range of meV over at least 1 h, which is achieved with the sub-Ångström low-voltage transmission electron microscope I prototype microscope.
‘Organic abundance’ report: fatally flawed
Authors: Avery Alex 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFatal flaws in the recent report from Badgley et al. claiming that organic agriculture ‘could produce enough food on a global per capita basis to sustain the current human population, and potentially an even larger population, without increasing the agricultural land base’. Among the serious problems identified: over 100 non-organic yield studies were claimed as organic; organic yields were misreported; false comparisons were made to unrepresentative low non-organic yields; high organic yields were counted 2, 3, even 5 times by citing different papers that referenced the same data; favorable and unverifiable ‘studies’ from biased sources were given equal weight to rigorous university studies. This report is being submitted to the Editor of the journal, Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, for publication and response. It is only being released in the interest of public debate and discussion during the much-touted ‘organic fortnight’.
D-Glucosamine supplementation extends life span of nematodes and of ageing mice
Authors: Weimer Sandra , Priebs Josephine , Kuhlow Doreen , Groth Marco , Priebe Steffen , Mansfeld Johannes , Merry Troy L. , Dubuis Sébastien , Laube Beate , Pfeiffer Andreas F. , Schulz Tim J. , Guthke Reinhard , Platzer Matthias , Zamboni Nicola , Zarse Kim , Ristow Michael 
Published: April 2014

AbstractD-Glucosamine (GlcN) is a freely available and commonly used dietary supplement potentially promoting cartilage health in humans, which also acts as an inhibitor of glycolysis. Here we show that GlcN, independent of the hexosamine pathway, extendsCaenorhabditis eleganslife span by impairing glucose metabolism that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK/AAK-2) and increases mitochondrial biogenesis. Consistent with the concept of mitohormesis, GlcN promotes increased formation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) culminating in increased expression of the nematodalamino acid-transporter 1(aat-1) gene. Ameliorating mitochondrial ROS formation or impairment ofaat-1-expression abolishes GlcN-mediated life span extension in an NRF2/SKN-1-dependent fashion. Unlike other calorie restriction mimetics, such as 2-deoxyglucose, GlcN extends life span of ageing C57BL/6 mice, which show an induction of mitochondrial biogenesis, lowered blood glucose levels, enhanced expression of several murine amino-acid transporters, as well as increased amino-acid catabolism. Taken together, we provide evidence that GlcN extends life span in evolutionary distinct species by mimicking a low-carbohydrate diet.
A deletion in chromosome 6q is associated with human abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Biros Erik , Moran Corey S. , Walker Philip J. , Cardinal John , Golledge Jonathan 
Published: April 2014

Current efforts to identify the genetic contribution to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) have mainly focused on the assessment of germ-line variants such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of acquired chromosomal aberrations in human AAA. Microarray data of ten biopsies obtained from the site of main AAA dilatation (AAA body) and three control biopsies obtained from the macroscopically non-dilated neck of the AAA (AAA neck) were initially compared with identified chromosomal aneuploidies using the Chromosomal Aberration Region Miner (ChARM) software. A commonly deleted segment of chromosome bands 6 (q22.1-23.2) was predicted within AAA biopsies. This finding was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR)-based DNA copy number assessments of an independent set of six AAA body and neck biopsies which identified a fold copy number change (∆KCt) of −1±0.35, suggesting the loss of one copy of the long interspersed nucleotide element type 1 (LINE-1) mapped to chromosome 6 (q22.1-23.2). The median relative genomic content of LINE-1 DNA was also reduced in AAA body compared with AAA neck biopsies (1.540 compared with 3.159; P=0.031). A gene important for vascular homoeostasis mapped to 6q23.1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), was assessed and found to be significantly down-regulated within AAA bodies compared with AAA necks (0.261 compared with 0.627; P=0.031), as determined by reverse transcription qPCR using total RNA as a template. Histology demonstrated marked staining for macrophages within AAA body biopsies. We found in vitro that the median relative genomic content of LINE-1 DNA in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs) exposed to pro-inflammatory medium was ~1.5 times greater than that measured in control AoSMCs exposed to non-conditioned medium (3.044 compared with 2.040; P=0.015). Our findings suggest that acquired chromosomal aberrations associated with retrotransposon propagation may predispose to sporadic AAA.
Changes in peat chemistry associated with permafrost thaw increase greenhouse gas production
Authors: Hodgkins Suzanne B. , Tfaily Malak M. , McCalley Carmody K. , Logan Tyler A. , Crill Patrick M. , Saleska Scott R. , Rich Virginia I. , Chanton Jeffrey P. 
Published: April 2014

SignificanceWe address the effect of thawing permafrost, and attendant subsidence-induced shifts in hydrology and plant community structure, on CH4and CO2production potentials and mechanisms driven by changes in organic matter chemical composition in a thawing peatland complex. Advanced analytical characterization of peat and dissolved organic matter along the thaw progression indicated increasingly reduced organic matter experiencing greater humification rates, which were associated with higher relative CH4and CO2production potentials, increasing relative CH4/CO2production ratios, and shifts from hydrogenotrophic to acetoclastic methanogenesis. The effects of this increase in organic matter reactivity with permafrost thaw could intensify the increases in CH4and CO2release already predicted due to increasing temperatures, permafrost carbon mobilization, and waterlogging-induced changes in redox conditions.
Simultaneous selection by object-based attention in visual and frontal cortex
Authors: Pooresmaeili Arezoo , Poort Jasper , Roelfsema Pieter R. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Visual attention allows us to focus on information that is relevant to our goals and to discard irrelevant information. The brain mechanisms that steer attention are only partially understood, but previous research suggested that the frontal cortex controls activity in the visual cortex. We here demonstrate that attentional signals in visual and frontal cortex of the macaque monkey emerge at the same time in a curve-tracing task, suggesting a more active participation of visual cortex. If attentional signals in visual cortex were weak, frontal cortex took the lead, but errors were likely. In these error trials, frontal cortex imposed its decision on visual cortex. Our results reveal how visual and frontal cortex interact to control attention.
Evidence for a causal inverse model in an avian cortico-basal ganglia circuit
Authors: Giret Nicolas , Kornfeld Joergen , Ganguli Surya , Hahnloser Richard H. R. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Auditory neural responses mirror motor activity in a songbird cortical area. The average temporal offset of mirrored responses is roughly equal to short sensorimotor loop delays. This correspondence between mirroring offsets and loop delays constitutes evidence for a causal inverse model. Causal inverse models can map a desired sensation into the required action.
Far transfer to language and math of a short software-based gaming intervention
Authors: Goldin Andrea Paula , Hermida María Julia , Shalom Diego E. , Elias Costa Martín , Lopez-Rosenfeld Matías , Segretin María Soledad , Fernández-Slezak Diego , Lipina Sebastián J. , Sigman Mariano 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Executive functions (EF) imply processes critical for purposeful, goal-directed behavior. In children, evidence derived from laboratory measures indicates that training can improve EF. However, this hypothesis has never been explicitly examined based on real-world measures, especially of educational achievement. Here, we investigate whether a set of computerized games might yield transfer on low-socioeconomic status otherwise typically developing 6-y-olds in an intervention deployed at their own school. The games elicit transfer of some EF, which cascades to real-world measures of school performance. More importantly, the intervention equalizes academic outcomes across children who regularly attend school and those who do not because of social and familiar circumstances.
Drinking alcohol has sex-dependent effects on pair bond formation in prairie voles
Authors: Anacker Allison M. J. , Ahern Todd H. , Hostetler Caroline M. , Dufour Brett D. , Smith Monique L. , Cocking Davelle L. , Li Ju , Young Larry J. , Loftis Jennifer M. , Ryabinin Andrey E. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
This study provides the first evidence to our knowledge that the effects of alcohol on social bonding can be mediated by biological mechanisms. The observed effects differed between males and females, such that alcohol inhibited social bonding in males and facilitated the partner preference in females. In addition to affecting behavior, alcohol affected neuropeptide systems known to be involved in social and stress/anxiety-like behaviors. These findings allow us to understand the factors involved in regulation of social behaviors, and effects of alcohol on them, better. Identification of these factors can help develop ways to prevent or treat the devastating effects of alcohol abuse on social relationships.
Sugar demand, not auxin, is the initial regulator of apical dominance
Authors: Mason Michael G. , Ross John J. , Babst Benjamin A. , Wienclaw Brittany N. , Beveridge Christine A. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
It is commonly accepted that the plant hormone auxin mediates apical dominance. However, we have discovered that apical dominance strongly correlates with sugar availability and not apically supplied auxin. We have revealed that apical dominance is predominantly controlled by the shoot tip’s intense demand for sugars, which limits sugar availability to the axillary buds. These findings overturn a long-standing hypothesis on apical dominance and encourage us to reevaluate the relationship between hormones and sugars in this and other aspects of plant development.
Continuity of mammalian fauna over the last 200,000 y in the Indian subcontinent
Authors: Roberts Patrick , Delson Eric , Miracle Preston , Ditchfield Peter , Roberts Richard G. , Jacobs Zenobia , Blinkhorn James , Ciochon Russell L. , Fleagle John G. , Frost Stephen R. , Gilbert Christopher C. , Gunnell Gregg F. , Harrison Terry , Korisettar Ravi , Petraglia Michael D. 
Published: April 2014

SignificanceMammalian extinction during the past several hundred thousand years has been a major focus for evolutionary biologists, geologists, and archaeologists, often being linked to climate change and human overhunting. Until relatively recently, study has been largely restricted to the Americas, Europe, and Australasia. We present the oldest well-dated sequence of mammalian faunas for the Indian subcontinent, demonstrating continuity of 20 of 21 identified mammals from at least 100,000 y ago to the present. We suggest that, although local extirpations occurred, the majority of taxa survived or adapted to substantial ecological pressures in fragmented habitats. These results complement data from Africa and elsewhere that demonstrate the necessity of a nuanced ecological understanding of such extinctions in different areas of the world.
Cholinergic neurotransmission links solitary chemosensory cells to nasal inflammation
Authors: Saunders Cecil J. , Christensen Michael , Finger Thomas E. , Tizzano Marco 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Millions of people worldwide suffer from chronic nasal inflammation involving obstructed airflow and nasal discharge. Although nasal inflammation is often considered to be a reaction to allergens, approximately one-quarter of all cases are nonallergic rhinitis. The causes of this disease are unknown, but symptoms may be triggered or exacerbated by a variety of inhaled irritants or even seemingly innocuous odors. We report here that specialized chemosensory cells of the nasal epithelium of mice detect potential irritants and transmit this information to pain-sensing nerve terminals, which then release bioactive peptides to trigger an inflammatory response—all without the necessity for activity of the adaptive immune system. This previously unidentified pathway may offer therapeutic targets for intervention in nonallergic rhinitis.
Social disadvantage, genetic sensitivity, and children’s telomere length
Authors: Mitchell Colter , Hobcraft John , McLanahan Sara S. , Siegel Susan Rutherford , Berg Arthur , Brooks-Gunn Jeanne , Garfinkel Irwin , Notterman Daniel 
Published: April 2014

Significance
This paper makes two contributions to research on the link between the social environment and health. Using data from a birth cohort study, we show that, among African American boys, those who grow up in highly disadvantaged environments have shorter telomeres (at age 9) than boys who grow up in highly advantaged environments. We also find that the association between the social environment and telomere length (TL) is moderated by genetic variation within the serotonin and dopamine pathways. Boys with the highest genetic sensitivity scores had the shortest TL when exposed to disadvantaged environments and the longest TL when exposed to advantaged environments. To our knowledge, this report is the first to document a gene–social environment interaction for TL, a biomarker of stress exposure.
Many roads lead to Rome – Developmental paths to Olympic gold in men's field hockey
Authors: Güllich Arne 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis study examined the developmental sporting activities of the Olympic Champions 2012 in men's field hockey. The volume of organised practice/training and non‐organised sporting leisure play in both field hockey and other sports through childhood, adolescence and adulthood was examined and compared between the Olympic Champions and (1) current national class players and (2) international medallists of one decade earlier. Analyses revealed that the Olympic Champions performed moderate volumes of organised field hockey practice/training throughout their career and attained their first international senior medal after accumulating 4393 ± 1389 practice/training hours, but they engaged in extensive other sporting activities during childhood and youth. It took them 18 ± 3 years of involvement to attain an international medal and they had engaged for 22 ± 3 years when winning the Olympic gold medal. The Olympic Champions did not differ from national class players in the amount of hockey‐specific practice/training, but in greater amounts of organised involvement in other sports and later specialisation. They differed from the international medallists of one decade earlier in less increase of organised hockey‐specific practice/training during adulthood and a longer period of involvement until attaining their first international medal. The sporting activities were characterised by sizeable interindividual variation within each subsample. The findings are reflected against the deliberate practice and Developmental Model of Sports Participation (DMSP) frameworks and are discussed with reference to the concept of long‐term sustainability.