bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A structural equation model of posttraumatic growth after prostate cancer
Authors: Wilson Bridget , Morris Bronwyn A. , Chambers Suzanne 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundPosttraumatic growth (PTG) encompasses an individual's perception of positive personal changes as a consequence of a traumatic incident. The current study tested a theoretical model of PTG with the inclusion of resilience in the context of cancer survivors.MethodsMembers of a prostate cancer support network were invited to complete a cross‐sectional mail survey (N = 514, 52.8% response; mean age 70.17 years, and time since diagnosis 7.5 years).ResultsChallenge appraisal (β = 0.361), examining core beliefs (β = 0.474), intrusive rumination (β = 0.130), and peer support factors (β = 0.104) had significant direct effects on PTG. Resilience (β = 0.164), challenge appraisal (β = 0.215), distress (β = 0.186), and examining core beliefs (β = 0.105) had significant indirect effects on PTG.ConclusionsResults support the notion that the appraisal of cancer, disruption of fundamental beliefs, and experience of intrusive cancer‐related rumination are associated with PTG. Additionally, a sense of connection with peers and seeking an understanding of the cancer experience through peers is important for the perception of PTG. Possible indirect pathways were also proposed between resilience and PTG. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negative and positive consequences of adolescent cancer 10 years after diagnosis: an interview‐based longitudinal study in Sweden
Authors: Lehmann Vicky , Grönqvist Helena , Engvall Gunn , Ander Malin , Tuinman Marrit A. , Hagedoorn Mariët , Sanderman Robbert , Mattsson Elisabet , von Essen Louise 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to provide insight into survivor‐reported negative and positive consequences of cancer during adolescence 10 years after diagnosis and compare these with consequences reported 3 and 4 years after diagnosis.MethodsThree, 4, and 10 years after diagnosis, survivors of adolescent cancer were interviewed about negative and positive consequences due to their cancer experience. Manifest content analysis was used to identify categories of reported consequences. Categories of consequences 10 years after diagnosis were compared with consequences reported 3 and 4 years after diagnosis.ResultsSeven categories of negative consequences were identified: bodily concerns, existential thoughts about loss and life (new at 10 years), psychological problems, difficulties interacting with others, health worries (new), fertility concerns (new), and frustrations about health care (new); and six categories of positive consequences: positive view of life, positive view of self, compassion for others (new), close relationships, gained knowledge about disease and health care, and financial gains. Consistent with previous time points, bodily concerns were reported most often. The majority of survivors (n = 22) reported both negative and positive consequences of their former disease. Few reported only negative (n = 2) or only positive consequences (n = 4).ConclusionsTen years after diagnosis, most survivors reported both negative and positive consequences. New themes, relevant to young adulthood and long‐term survival, were identified. Health care professionals treating young adult survivors may anticipate and address problems regarding physical health, fertility, and health care but may also reinforce positive affect by addressing survivors' positive views of life, sense of self, and close relationships. © 2014 The Authors. Psycho‐Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of structural and magnetic properties of Heusler Fe2+xMn1−xAl alloys by first principles method
Authors: Buchelnikov V. D. , Zagrebin M. A. , Sokolovskiy V. V. , Taranenko I. A. , Zayak A. T. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHeusler alloys Fe2+xMn1−xAl exhibit intricate interplay between structural parameters and a number of competing magnetic states. In this work, we use first principles calculations to investigate crystal lattice relaxation of these alloys and their coupling to the magnetic order, with a particular focus on the tetragonal distortions characterised by the c/a ratio. We find that the calculated equilibrium cubic phase is antiferromagnetic, while a metastable ferrimagnetic state is also present, being higher in energy only by an order of kT, suggesting a close competition of these two magnetic states in real materials. The ferrimagnetic state corresponds better to the experimental data. The tetragonal distortions and the changes of volume alter dramatically the balance in magnetic coupling by favouring the ferromagnetic state. In order to understand this magneto‐structural coupling, we obtained (a, c/a) diagrams that show regions of relative stability of the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states Our calculations suggest an opportunity for tuning magnetic properties of Fe2+xMn1−xAl alloys with strain and composition. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spectral diffusion in nitride quantum dots: Emission energy dependent linewidths broadening via giant built‐in dipole moments
Authors: Kindel C. , Callsen G. , Kako S. , Kawano T. , Oishi H. , Hönig G. , Schliwa A. , Hoffmann A. , Arakawa Y. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe present a study about the origin of the huge emission linewidths broadening commonly observed for wurtzite GaN/AlN quantum dots. Our analysis is based on a statistically significant number of quantum dot spectra measured by an automatized µ‐photoluminescence mapping system applying image recognition techniques. A clear decrease of the single quantum dot emission linewidths is observed with rising overall exciton emission energy. 8‐band k · p based model calculations predict a corresponding decrease of the built‐in exciton dipole moments with increasing emission energy in agreement with the measured behavior for the emission linewidths. Based on this proportionality we explain the particular susceptibility of nitride quantum dots to spectral diffusion causing the linewidth broadening via the linear quantum‐confined Stark effect. This is the first statistical analysis of emission linewidths that identifies the giant excitonic dipole moments as their origin and estimates the native defect‐induced electric field strength to ∼2 MV/m. Our observation is in contrast to less‐polar quantum dot systems as e.g. arsenides that exhibit a naturally lower vulnerability to emission linewidth broadening due to almost negligible exciton dipole moments. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cancer Stem Cell-Specific Scavenger Receptor CD36 Drives Glioblastoma Progression
Authors: Hale James S. , Otvos Balint , Sinyuk Maksim , Alvarado Alvaro G. , Hitomi Masahiro , Stoltz Kevin , Wu Qiulian , Flavahan William , Levison Bruce , Johansen Mette L. , Schmitt David , Neltner Janna M. , Huang Ping , Ren Bin , Sloan Andrew E. , Silverstein Roy L. , Gladson Candece L. , DiDonato Joseph A. , Brown J. Mark , McIntyre Thomas , Hazen Stanley L. , Horbinski Craig , Rich Jeremy N. , Lathia Justin D. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) contains a self-renewing, tumorigenic cancer stem cell (CSC) population which contributes to tumor propagation and therapeutic resistance. While the tumor microenvironment is essential to CSC self-renewal, the mechanisms by which CSCs sense and respond to microenvironmental conditions are poorly understood. Scavenger receptors are a broad class of membrane receptors well characterized on immune cells and instrumental in sensing apoptotic cellular debris and modified lipids. Here, we provide evidence that CSCs selectively use the scavenger receptor CD36 to promote their maintenance using patient-derived CSCs and in vivo xenograft models. CD36 expression was observed in GBM cells in addition to previously described cell types including endothelial cells, macrophages, and microglia. CD36 was enriched in CSCs and was able to functionally distinguish self-renewing cells. CD36 was coexpressed with integrin alpha 6 and CD133, previously described CSC markers, and CD36 reduction resulted in concomitant loss of integrin alpha 6 expression, self-renewal, and tumor initiation capacity. We confirmed oxidized phospholipids, ligands of CD36, were present in GBM and found that the proliferation of CSCs, but not non-CSCs, increased with exposure to oxidized low-density lipoprotein. CD36 was an informative biomarker of malignancy and negatively correlated to patient prognosis. These results provide a paradigm for CSCs to thrive by the selective enhanced expression of scavenger receptors, providing survival, and metabolic advantages. Stem Cells 2014;32:1746–1758
An improved k‐ ϵ model applied to a wind turbine wake in atmospheric turbulence
Authors: van der Laan M. Paul , Sørensen Niels N. , Réthoré Pierre‐Elouan , Mann Jakob , Kelly Mark C. , Troldborg Niels , Schepers J. Gerard , Machefaux Ewan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAn improved k‐ ϵ turbulence model is developed and applied to a single wind turbine wake in a neutral atmospheric boundary layer using a Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes solver. The proposed model includes a flow‐dependent Cμ that is sensitive to high velocity gradients, e.g., at the edge of a wind turbine wake. The modified k‐ ϵ model is compared with the original k‐ ϵ eddy viscosity model, Large‐Eddy Simulations and field measurements using eight test cases. The comparison shows that the velocity wake deficits, predicted by the proposed model are much closer to the ones calculated by the Large‐Eddy Simulation and those observed in the measurements, than predicted by the original k‐ ϵ model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring of intra‐ER free Ca2+
Authors: Gerasimenko Julia V. , Petersen Ole H. , Gerasimenko Oleg V. 
Published: April 2014

The importance of calcium signaling in cell health and disease is the major driving force in current research of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and other calcium stores seems to be the crucial factor in the activation of many cellular functions. Significant changes in ER Ca2+ content and dynamics have been implicated in the activation of the ER stress response, abnormal autophagy, and cell death which leads to a variety of pathological conditions. For example, in acute pancreatitis, an inflammatory disease of the exocrine pancreas caused primarily by bile stones or alcohol, excessive intracellular calcium overload due to Ca2+ release from internal stores followed by store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) leads to the premature activation of digestive proenzymes within pancreatic acinar cells. Recent data show that SOCE channel blockers are capable of substantially reducing the intracellular Ca2+ overload and subsequent cell necrosis without major alteration of ER Ca2+ content. We also demonstrate here that indirect ER measurements can be misleading and only direct intra‐ER Ca2+ monitoring offers reliable conclusions. In this respect, it is essential to summarize the methods available and provide examples of direct measurements of free Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+] in the ER lumen in pancreatic acinar cells. This article is aimed at highlighting the major techniques for monitoring ER Ca2+ with reference to their advantages, limitations, and views for future improvements. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2014,3:63–71. doi: 10.1002/wmts.106For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.
Disaster Trauma: Federal Resources that Help Communities on Their Road to Recovery
Authors: Felder Stephanie S. , Seligman Jamie , Burrows-McElwain Cicely K. , Robinson Maryann E. , Hierholzer Erik 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDuring the past several years, the US federal government has increased its role in preparing for and responding to natural and manmade disasters. The support and services that federal agencies provide to communities to address the psychological impact of trauma on citizens of all ages are valuable assets before and after a disaster. We used trauma theory to analyze disaster behavior health, assess the needs of at-risk populations, and identify the resources that the Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, offers to the nation to assist communities in the psychological recovery process. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1–5)
Investigation of Boussinesq dynamics using intermediate models based on wave–vortical interactions
Authors: Hernandez-Duenas Gerardo , Smith Leslie M. , Stechmann Samuel N. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractNonlinear coupling among wave modes and vortical modes is investigated with the following question in mind: can we distinguish the wave–vortical interactions largely responsible for formation versus evolution of coherent, balanced structures? The two main case studies use initial conditions that project only onto the vortical-mode flow component of the rotating Boussinesq equations: (i) an initially balanced dipole and (ii) random initial data in the vortical modes. Both case studies compare quasi-geostrophic (QG) dynamics (involving only nonlinear interactions between vortical modes) to the dynamics of intermediate models allowing for two-way feedback between wave modes and vortical modes. For an initially balanced dipole with symmetry across the$\hat{\boldsymbol {x}}$-axis, the QG dipole will propagate along the$\hat{\boldsymbol {x}}$-axis while the trajectory of the Boussinesq dipole exhibits a cyclonic drift. Compared to a forced linear (FL) model with one-way forcing of wave modes by the vortical modes, the simplest intermediate model with two-way feedback involving vortical–vortical–wave interactions is able to capture the speed and trajectory of the dipole for roughly ten times longer at Rossby$Ro$and Froude$Fr$numbers$Ro = Fr \approx 0.1$. Despite its success at tracking the dipole, the latter intermediate model does not accurately capture the details of the flow structure within the adjusted dipole. For decay from random initial conditions in the vortical modes, the full Boussinesq equations generate vortices that are smaller than QG vortices, indicating that wave–vortical interactions are fundamental for creating the correct balanced state. The intermediate model with QG and vortical–vortical–wave interactions actually prevents the formation of vortices. Taken together these case studies suggest that: vortical–vortical–wave interactions create waves and thereby influence the evolution of balanced structures; vortical–wave–wave interactions take energy out of the wave modes and contribute in an essential way to the formation of coherent balanced structures.
Hearing outcome of early postnatal exposure to hypoxia in Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Daniel S J , McIntosh M , Akinpelu O V , Rohlicek C V 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjective:To determine the effect of experimentally induced hypoxia, in the first 10 days of life, on physiological hearing in a Sprague–Dawley rat model.Methods:A prospective, controlled animal study was carried out using 22 male rat pups. The rats in the hypoxic group (n = 12) were reared in hypoxia for the first 10 days of life, and subsequently reared in normoxia, while those in the control group (n = 10) were reared in normoxia for the duration of the experiment. Hearing was assessed using auditory brainstem response testing at approximately 72 days of age.Results:The hypoxia group had higher auditory brainstem response thresholds for all frequencies tested (more pronounced at 16 kHz), compared with controls. Wave I–V inter-peak latencies were more prolonged in the hypoxic rats, while both groups had similar wave I latencies.Conclusion:Chronic postnatal hypoxia induced permanent hearing loss in this Sprague–Dawley rat model. Prolonged wave I–V inter-peak latencies suggested functional abnormality in the central auditory pathway.
Determinants of tooth loss and chewing ability in mid- and late life in three Swedish birth cohorts
Authors: LEXOMBOON DUANGJAI , WÅRDH INGER , THORSLUND MATS , PARKER MARTI G. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe aim of the research presented is to determine the influence of socio-economic factors in childhood and mid-life on multiple tooth loss and chewing problems in mid- and late life in three Swedish birth cohorts (1903–1910, 1911–1920 and 1921–1925). Longitudinal national Swedish surveys were used for the analysis. Participants were interviewed in mid-life in 1968 and later in life (77–99 years of age) in 2002. Childhood socio-economic positions (SEP) did not result in different odds of multiple tooth loss and chewing problems in mid- and late life, but persons with higher mid-life SEP had lower odds. Persons born into the 1921–1925 birth cohort had significantly lower odds of multiple tooth loss in late life than the 1903–1910 birth cohort. Women had higher odds of losing multiple teeth than men in late life but not mid-life. Neither gender nor childhood and mid-life SEP predicted chewing problems late in life, but older people with multiple tooth loss had higher odds of chewing difficulty than those with mainly natural teeth. Childhood conditions may contribute to multiple tooth loss in mid-life, which subsequently contributes to multiple tooth loss in late life. Tooth loss in late life is strongly associated with difficulty chewing hard food. Prevalence of multiple tooth loss is higher in women than in men in late life but not in mid-life.
Development of the first-mention bias
Authors: HARTSHORNE JOSHUA K. , NAPPA REBECCA , SNEDEKER JESSE 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIn many contexts, pronouns are interpreted as referring to the character mentioned first in the previous sentence, an effect called the ‘first-mention bias’. While adults can rapidly use the first-mention bias to guide pronoun interpretation, it is unclear when this bias emerges during development. Curiously, experiments with children between two and three years old show successful use of order of mention, while experiments with older children (four to five years old) do not. While this could suggest U-shaped development, it could also reflect differences in the methodologies employed. We show that children can indeed use first-mention information, but do so too slowly to have been detected in previous work reporting null results. Comparison across the present and previously published studies suggests that the speed at which children deploy first-mention information increases greatly during the preschool years.
Rapid kinetics of endocytosis at rod photoreceptor synapses depends upon endocytic load and calcium
Authors: CORK KARLENE M. , THORESON WALLACE B. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRelease from rods is triggered by the opening of L-type Ca2+channels that lie beneath synaptic ribbons. After exocytosis, vesicles are retrieved by compensatory endocytosis. Previous work showed that endocytosis is dynamin-dependent in rods but dynamin-independent in cones. We hypothesized that fast endocytosis in rods may also differ from cones in its dependence upon the amount of Ca2+influx and/or endocytic load. We measured exocytosis and endocytosis from membrane capacitance (Cm) changes evoked by depolarizing steps in voltage clamped rods from tiger salamander retinal slices. Similar to cones, the time constant for endocytosis in rods was quite fast, averaging <200 ms. We manipulated Ca2+influx and the amount of vesicle release by altering the duration and voltage of depolarizing steps. Unlike cones, endocytosis kinetics in rods slowed after increasing Ca2+channel activation with longer step durations or more strongly depolarized voltage steps. Endocytosis kinetics also slowed as Ca2+buffering was decreased by replacing BAPTA (10 or 1 mM) with the slower Ca2+buffer EGTA (5 or 0.5 mM) in the pipette solution. These data provide further evidence that endocytosis mechanisms differ in rods and cones and suggest that endocytosis in rods is regulated by both endocytic load and local Ca2+levels.
Protective effects of remote ischemic conditioning against ischemia/reperfusion-induced retinal injury in rats
Authors: ZHANG XUXIANG , JIZHANG YUNNENG , XU XIAOYING , KWIECIEN TIMOTHY D. , LI NING , ZHANG YING , JI XUNMING , REN CHANGHONG , DING YUCHUAN 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLimb remote ischemic conditioning (LRIC) provides a physiologic strategy for harnessing the body’s endogenous protective capabilities against injury induced by ischemia–reperfusion in the central nervous system. The aim of the present study was to determine if LRIC played a role in protecting the retina from ischemia–reperfusion injury. A total of 81 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sham and ischemia/reperfusion with or without remote LRIC arms. The retinal ischemic model was generated through right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and pterygopalatine artery occlusion for 60 min followed by 1, 3, and 7 days of subsequent reperfusion. LRIC was conducted immediately following MCAO by tightening a tourniquet around the upper thigh and releasing for three cycles. Paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin in order to quantify the number of cells in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) layer throughout the duration of the study. Cellular expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was detected and examined through immunohistochemistry. Protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was also analyzed by Western blot techniques. Our study demonstrated that the loss of cells in RGC layer was attenuated by LRIC treatment at 3 and 7 days following reperfusion (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry studies depicted a gradual increase (P < 0.05) in GFAP levels from day 1 through day 7 following ischemia and subsequent reperfusion, whereas LRIC reduced GFAP levels at 1, 3, and 7 days postreperfusion. In addition, LRIC increased the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 at day 1 and 3 following ischemia/reperfusion. This particular study is the first remote conditioning study applicable to retinal ischemia. Our results strongly support the position that LRIC may be used as a noninvasive neuroprotective strategy, which provides retinal protection from ischemia–reperfusion injury through the upregulation of antioxidative stress proteins, such as Nrf2 and HO-1.