bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Epidemiology and Hospital Course Outcomes of LeFort Fractures in the Largest National Pediatric Trauma Database
Authors: Perez Otero Sofia , Cassidy Michael F. , Morrison Kerry A. , Brydges Hilliard T. , Muller John , Flores Roberto L. , Ceradini Daniel J. 
Published: June 2024

Study Design Retrospective observational study. Objective This study analyzes the epidemiology of pediatric Le Fort fractures and assesses the incidence of concomitant injuries and acute-level hospital course using the largest, national pediatric trauma database to date. Methods Pediatric midface and Le Fort fractures from 2016-2019 were identified in the National Trauma Data Bank. Descriptive analyses of Le Fort compared to non-Le Fort midface fractures were performed. Multivariable regression assessed whether Le Fort fractures were risk factors for ICU admission, intracranial injury, cervical spine (C-spine) fracture, tracheostomy, and mortality. Results A total of 1489 patients with Le Fort fractures were identified. There were 520 Le Fort I, 632 Le Fort II, and 609 Le Fort III fractures. Fracture incidence increased with age. Le Fort fractures showed higher rates of concomitant intracranial injury ( P < 0.001), ICU admission ( P < 0.001), C-spine fracture ( P < 0.001), and tracheostomy ( P < 0.001). Incidence of all the above increased with higher-grade Le Fort fractures. Le Fort III fractures had higher rates of mortality than non-Le Fort midface fractures (7.6% vs 3.2%). Multivariable regression showed that all Le Fort patterns were independent risk factors for tracheostomy and ICU admission, but only Le Fort I for C-spine fractures. Conclusions The incidence of Le Fort fractures appears to increase with age. Higher category Le Fort fractures are associated with greater morbidity.
Prevalence, practice, determinants and adverse effects of self-medication among young people living in a suburban community of Ekiti, Nigeria: A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Tosin Anthony Agbesanwa , Olukayode Aina Felixelix , Olusoji Abidemi Solomon , Azeez Oyemomi Ibrahim , Adefunke Babatola Olarinre , Ayodeji Owoyemi John , Babatope Ebenezer Awelewa , Adekoya Joshua Inubile , Joseph Olusesan Fadare 
Published: June 2024

Objectives: Health hazards such as adverse drug reactions and prolonged morbidity are fallouts of self-medication among young people in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, practice, determinants, and adverse effects of self-medication among young people living in a suburban community of Ekiti, Nigeria. Methods: This survey was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of 602 young people aged 16–24 years., who were randomly selected in the community. A predesigned self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The study was conducted from 1st March to 31st May 2023. The independent variables measured include the sociodemographic characteristics, while the dependent variables are the practice of self-medication and factors that predisposes to self-medication. The general characteristics of the participants were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The categorical variables were reported as frequency distribution and proportions with 95% confidence intervals and were compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Over 30% (31.7%) of the participants engage in self-medication. A larger proportion of the people who practiced self-medication lived a trekking distance of less than 1 km from the nearest health facility with a doctor ( p = 0.044). The practice of self-medication was statistically related with being a student when compared with gainfully employed and unemployed people ( p = 0.006). Fever (39.8%), abdominal pain (17.3%) and headaches (16.2%) were the topmost three ailments that necessitated self-medication. Antimalarials (44.0%), antibiotics (25.1%), and antipyretics (16.8%) were high on the list of drugs used for self-medication. Headache (34.0%) was the most common adverse reaction from self-medication among the participants studied. Conclusion: Adverse reactions and drug addiction were negative fallouts of self-medication, which can affect the health of young people as they grow into adulthood. Therefore, monitoring of drug outlets must be taken seriously by government agencies to prevent the worsening of the negative effects of self-medication.
Effect of ambulatory mobility aid devices on cardiovascular parameters, walking speed, perceived exertion, and balance of older adult men in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Ezugwu Uchechukwu A , Eze Barbra M , Ojide Rita N , Alegu Deborah N , Ngwakwe Patricia C , Elom Nwamaka A , Ogah Christian I , Nwimo Ignatius O 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Ambulatory mobility aids are several devices the elderly may use in order to improve their walking pattern, balance, or safety while mobilizing independently. Objectives: To assess the effect of ambulatory mobility aid devices on cardiovascular parameters, walking speed, perceived exertion, and balance of older adult men. Methods: A sample of 156 old men was studied. Data were obtained through measurement of the participants’ walking speed (distance covered/second), cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure), perceived exertion (difficulty or ease in breathing), and balance (ease in standing) after walking with and without the selected walking aid devices. Analysis was done to compare the effect of the walking aid devices on the selected dependent variables. Results: Results showed ambulation with mobility aid devices resulted in increase in the heart rate and blood pressure with the greatest increase observed when walking with Zimmer frame. Ambulation with mobility aid devices resulted in decrease of the walking speed of the participants when compared to ambulation without devices. Perceived exertion of participants after using Zimmer frame and walking cane was within 4.06 ± 1.35 and 3.98 ± 1.26, respectively, as opposed to 3.08 ± 0.73 after ambulation without aid. Use of Zimmer frame provided enough balance for participants. Conclusion: Ambulatory mobility devices caused difference in cardiovascular parameters when compared to ambulation at rest and without aid. It was recommended that selection of ambulatory mobility aid devices should depend on objective mobility assessments and periodical re-evaluation to ensure that it suits a person’s functional requirements and physical capabilities.
Surgical repositioning with omentalisation of an exposed subcutaneous ureteral bypass shunting port in a cat
Authors: Lee Shi Min , Tuan Jayson 
Published: June 2024

Case summary A 9-year-old, spayed, female domestic shorthair cat presented with an open wound approximately 1 cm in size with exposure of the left subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) shunting port that was placed approximately 11 months before presentation. Primary closures were attempted twice before local wound management with omentalisation and repositioning of the port. The exposed port was lavaged topically with a polyhexanide and propylbetaine wound irrigation solution before omentalisation and repositioning, resulting in successful retention of the implant. Five months after revision and omentalisation, there was complete coverage and healing of the wound. Relevance and novel information Adequate topical treatment, repositioning and omentalisation could be a successful treatment option for the uncommon complication of SUB shunting port extrusion secondary to resistant local infection originating from the urinary tract.
Zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles as a potential solution for controlling Phytophthora infestans, the late blight disease of potatoes
Authors: AlHarethi Amira A. , Abdullah Qais Y. , AlJobory Hala J. , Anam AbdulRahman M. , Arafa Ramadan A. , Farroh Khaled Y. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLate blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is a major potato disease globally, leading to significant economic losses of $6.7 billion. To address this issue, we evaluated the antifungal activity of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles (NPs) against P. infestans for the first time in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Nanoparticles were synthesized via a chemical precipitation method and characterized using various techniques. The XRD results revealed that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles had a pure hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure, whereas the CuO NPs had a monoclinic crystalline structure. TEM images confirmed the synthesis of quasi-spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 11.5 nm for ZnO NPs and 24.5 nm for CuO NPs. The UV–Vis Spectral Report showed peaks corresponding to ZnO NPs at 364 nm and 252 nm for CuO NPs.In an in vitro study, both ZnO and CuO NPs significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the radial growth of P. infestans at all tested concentrations compared to the untreated control. The highest inhibitory effect of 100% was observed with ZnO and CuO NPs at 30 mg/L. A lower inhibition of 60.4% was observed with 10 mg/L CuO NPs. Under greenhouse conditions, 100 mg/L ZnO NPs was the most effective treatment for controlling potato late blight, with an efficacy of 71%. CuO NPs at 100 mg/L followed closely, with an efficacy of 69%. Based on these results, ZnO and CuO NPs are recommended as promising eco-friendly fungicides for the management and control of potato late blight after further research.
Graphical abstract
Building trees by juggling information and following rules: an expert interview study on tree-building and phylogenetic inference
Authors: Tyrrell Steven , Schmiemann Philipp 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTree-thinking is a fundamental skill set for understanding evolutionary theory and, thus, part of biological and scientific literacy. Research on this topic is mostly directed towards tree-reading—the umbrella-term for all skills enabling a person to gather and infer information from a given tree. Tree-building or phylogenetic inference as the second complementary sub-skill-set, encompassing all skills which enable a person to build a phylogenetic tree from given data, is not understood as well. To understand this topic we conducted think-aloud-tasks with tree-building experts and conducted supplementary guided interviews with them. We used school-like character tables, as they are common in high schools for the experts to build trees and audio-recorded their speech while building the trees. Analyzing the transcripts of the tasks we could find a basic methodology for building trees and define a set of backbone-skills of tree-building. Those are based on an iterative cycle going through phases of organizing information, searching and setting taxa/characters, organizing and checking oneself. All experts used simple guidelines, either deploying maximum parsimony to arrive at a solution or relying heavily on their previous knowledge. From that, we were able to utilize our result to formulate a guideline and helpful suggestions especially for beginners and novices in the field of tree-building to develop a better understanding of this topic.
In vitro effect-based monitoring of water, sediment and soil from a floodplain restoration site in Central Europe
Authors: Kuschik-Maczollek Nina , Glock Malte , Schmitz Markus , Hollert Henner , Krauss Martin , Piotrowska Aleksandra , Brack Werner , Oehlmann Jörg 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Floodplains are biodiversity hotspots and provide numerous ecosystem services. In recent decades, however, 70–90% of Europe’s floodplains have been structurally degraded. Accordingly, many (inter-)national programs aim to restore and protect floodplain ecosystems. The success of such measures also depends on the chemical contamination, especially of floodplain soils and sediments, which serve as sinks and sources for a variety of pollutants. In this study, we assess the current ecotoxicological status of a floodplain restoration site along the Main River (Frankfurt am Main, Germany) and estimate its development potential with respect to the influence of a local industrial plant and potential legacy contaminations. We therefore use in vitro effect-based methods (EBMs) testing for baseline toxicity, mutagenicity, dioxin-like and estrogenic activities, coupled with chemical analysis.

Results
Of all water bodies analyzed, the overall toxicity was highest in two flood depressions. In the respective water phase, estrogenic activities exceeded the environmental quality standard and sediment samples were positive for all tested endpoints. Chemical analysis of these sediments revealed high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Soil samples from frequently flooded areas showed the highest mutagenic potential for both frameshift and point mutations with and without metabolic activation. The industrial effluent showed baseline toxic, mutagenic, and dioxin-like activities, that were highly diluted in the Main River. In turn, most of the sediment samples downstream of the industrial discharge showed significantly elevated baseline toxic, estrogenic and dioxin-like activities as well as increased chemical contamination.

Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, we rate the overall ecotoxicological status of a recently established tributary and groundwater-fed ponds as good, and identified two flood depressions near the Main River as hot spots of contamination. We assume that the observed mutagenicity in the floodplain soils is related to legacy contaminations from former aniline and azo dye production. In terms of the development potential of the floodplain restoration site, we emphasize considering the remobilization of pollutants from these soils and suppose that, in the long term, pollution of the Main River and the local industrial plant may negatively impact sediment quality in its tributaries. With this study, we confirmed the utility of in vitro EBMs for identifying chemically and ecotoxicologically relevant sites.
The de novo, chromosome-level genome assembly of the sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Cv. Marrone Di Chiusa Pesio
Authors: Bianco Luca , Fontana Paolo , Marchesini Alexis , Torre Sara , Moser Mirko , Piazza Stefano , Alessandri Sara , Pavese Vera , Pollegioni Paola , Vernesi Cristiano , Malnoy Mickael , Torello Marinoni Daniela , Murolo Sergio , Dondini Luca , Mattioni Claudia , Botta Roberto , Sebastiani Federico , Micheletti Diego , Palmieri Luisa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The sweet chestnut Castanea sativa Mill. is the only native Castanea species in Europe, and it is a tree of high economic value that provides appreciated fruits and valuable wood. In this study, we assembled a high-quality nuclear genome of the ancient Italian chestnut variety ‘Marrone di Chiusa Pesio’ using a combination of Oxford Nanopore Technologies long reads, whole-genome and Omni-C Illumina short reads.

Data description
The genome was assembled into 238 scaffolds with an N50 size of 21.8 Mb and an N80 size of 7.1 Mb for a total assembled sequence of 750 Mb. The BUSCO assessment revealed that 98.6% of the genome matched the embryophyte dataset, highlighting good completeness of the genetic space. After chromosome-level scaffolding, 12 chromosomes with a total length of 715.8 and 713.0 Mb were constructed for haplotype 1 and haplotype 2, respectively. The repetitive elements represented 37.3% and 37.4% of the total assembled genome in haplotype 1 and haplotype 2, respectively. A total of 57,653 and 58,146 genes were predicted in the two haplotypes, and approximately 73% of the genes were functionally annotated using the EggNOG-mapper. The assembled genome will be a valuable resource and reference for future chestnut breeding and genetic improvement.
Comparison of the effect of two recruitment manoeuvres to conventional ventilation on lung atelectasis in paediatric laparoscopic surgery- a prospective randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jain Aditi , Bhardwaj Neerja , Yaddanapudi Sandhya , Sen Indu Mohini , Mathew Preethy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
There is a high incidence of pulmonary atelectasis during paediatric laparoscopic surgeries. The authors hypothesised that utilising a recruitment manoeuvre or using continuous positive airway pressure may prevent atelectasis compared to conventional ventilation.

Objective
The primary objective was to compare the degree of lung atelectasis diagnosed by lung ultrasound (LUS) using three different ventilation techniques in children undergoing laparoscopic surgeries.

Design
Randomised, prospective three-arm trial.

Setting
Single institute, tertiary care, teaching hospital.

Patients
Children of ASA PS 1 and 2 up to the age of 10 years undergoing laparoscopic surgery with pneumoperitoneum lasting for more than 30 min.

Intervention
Random allocation to one of the three study groups:
CG group: Inspiratory pressure adjusted to achieve a TV of 5–8 ml/kg, PEEP of 5 cm H2O, respiratory rate adjusted to maintain end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) between 30-40 mm Hg with manual ventilation and no PEEP at induction.
RM group: A recruitment manoeuvre of providing a constant pressure of 30 cm H2O for ten seconds following intubation was applied. A PEEP of 10 cm H2O was maintained intraoperatively.
CPAP group: Intraoperative maintenance with PEEP 10 cm H2O with CPAP of 10 cm H2O at induction using mechanical ventilation was done.

Outcome measures
Lung atelectasis score at closure assessed by LUS.

Results
Post induction, LUS was comparable in all three groups. At the time of closure, the LUS for the RM group (8.6 ± 4.9) and the CPAP group (8.8 ± 6.8) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the CG group (13.3 ± 3.8). In CG and CPAP groups, the score at closure was significantly higher than post-induction. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the RM group (437.1 ± 44.9) and CPAP group (421.6 ± 57.5) than the CG group (361.3 ± 59.4) at the time of pneumoperitoneum.

Conclusion
Application of a recruitment manoeuvre post-intubation or CPAP during induction and maintenance with a high PEEP leads to less atelectasis than conventional ventilation during laparoscopic surgery in paediatric patients.
Trial registry.
CTRI/2019/08/02058.
BETTER LIFE- guidelines for chronic disease preventive care for people aged 18–39 years: a literature review
Authors: Moqueet Nasheed , Cornacchi Sylvie D. , Antony Jesmin , Khalil Ielaf , Manca Donna , Fernandes Carolina , Paszat Lawrence , Aubrey-Bassler Kris , Grunfeld Eva , Sopcak Nicolette , Pinto Andrew , Konkin Jill , Nykiforuk Candace , Rabeneck Linda , Selby Peter , Wall Becky , O’Brien Mary Ann , Lofters Aisha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The original ‘BETTER’ (Building on Existing Tools To Improve Chronic Disease Prevention and Screening in Primary Care) approach consisted of a prevention-focused visit between participants aged 40–65 years and a “Prevention Practitioner” (PP), who empowered the participant to set achievable prevention and screening goals for cancers and chronic diseases. BETTER was successfully adapted for economically deprived communities (BETTER HEALTH) in Canada. Our objective was to conduct a review of guidelines in preparation for adapting the ‘BETTER HEALTH’ approach for younger adults aged 18–39 years living with lower income, a group known to have earlier mortality due to a higher prevalence of preventable chronic diseases than their peers with higher income.

Methods
We searched multiple electronic databases and grey literature for clinical practice guidelines on prevention/screening and included those that met the following criteria: published in English from 2008–2020 in Canada or any of the following countries (Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, Scotland, United States and England); and addressed prevention or screening. We assessed quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II tool and extracted data (publication details, recommendations, and Quality/Level of evidence as reported by authors) from sources with overall scores of 5 or higher. Final recommendations were compiled after harmonization with input from diverse stakeholders (co-investigators, PPs, and the Community Advisory Committee).

Results
We included a total of 85 guidelines, and developed a final list of 42 recommendations for 18–39 year-olds across 21 topics. Specific recommendations fell under the following topics: cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, lifestyle (alcohol; healthy nutrition/physical activity); healthy relationships and healthy sexuality, immunization, oral health, social determinants of health, and substance use.

Conclusion
We identified evidence-based guidelines on individual-level prevention/screening actions for adults 18–39 years old and relevant for those living with lower income which will directly inform development and implementation of the BETTER LIFE intervention.
Reducing disparities in behavioral health treatment in pediatric primary care: a randomized controlled trial comparing Partnering to Achieve School Success (PASS) to usual ADHD care for children ages 5 to 11 – study protocol
Authors: Mautone Jennifer A. , Holdaway Alex , Chan Wendy , Michel Jeremy J. , Guevara James P. , Davis Amala , Desrochers Colette , Evans Erica , Gajary Zia , Leavy Siobhan , Rios Danah , Tremont Katie L. , Cacia Jaclyn , Schwartz Billie S. , Jawad Abbas F. , Power Thomas J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Integrating behavioral health services into pediatric primary care can improve access to care, especially for children marginalized by poverty and racial/ethnic minority status. In primary care, a common presenting concern is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Services in primary care for marginalized children with ADHD typically include medication alone; therapy to improve skills and build relationships is less available. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention offered through primary care for marginalized families coping with ADHD (Partnering to Achieve School Success, PASS) compared to treatment as usual (TAU).

Method
Three hundred participants will be randomly assigned to PASS or TAU. Participants include children ages 5 to 11 who have ADHD and are from economically marginalized families. PASS is a personalized, enhanced behavioral intervention that includes evidence-based behavior therapy strategies and enhancements to promote family engagement, increase caregiver distress tolerance, and provide team-based care to improve academic and behavioral functioning. TAU includes services offered by primary care providers and referral for integrated behavioral health or community mental health services. Outcomes will be assessed at mid-treatment (8 weeks after baseline), post-treatment (16 weeks), and follow-up (32 weeks) using parent- and teacher-report measures of service use, child academic, behavioral, and social functioning, parenting practices, family empowerment, and team-based care. Mixed effects models will examine between-group differences at post-treatment and follow-up. Analyses will examine the mediating role of parenting practices, family empowerment, and team-based care. Subgroup analyses will examine differential effects of intervention by child clinical characteristics and socioeconomic factors.

Discussion
This study is unique in targeting a population of children with ADHD marginalized by low socioeconomic resources and examining an intervention designed to address the challenges of families coping with chronic stress related to poverty.

Trial registration
This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04082234) on September 5, 2019, prior to enrollment of the first participant. The current version of the protocol and IRB approval date is October 4, 2023. Results will be submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov no later than 30 days prior to the due date for the submission of the draft of the final research report to the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute.