bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of several herpesviruses and human papillomavirus in acute apical abscesses
Authors: Ozbek S. M. , Ozbek A. , Demiray T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate and compare the radiographic size of acute apical abscess lesions for the presence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6) and human papillomaviruses (HPV) DNA by means of the real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.MethodologyAccording to the radiographic size of acute apical abscess lesions, 11 lesions were categorized as large (≥5 mm) and 10 lesions as small (<5 mm). DNA extracts from purulent exudate aspirates of 21 cases of acute apical abscess and 10 control samples were evaluated for the presence of viral loads using real‐time PCR methods following the kit protocols recommended by the manufacturers. Statistical analysis was performed using chi‐squared test with Yates's correction and Fisher's exact test.ResultsHCMV DNA was detected in 27% of large and in 10% of small abscess lesions. EBV was identified in 18% of large and in 10% of small abscess lesions. HPV and HHV‐6 DNA were found in 9% of large abscess lesions. None of the small abscess lesions contained HPV or HHV‐6 DNA. Viral coinfections were found in two samples as the pair of HCMV/EBV and HCMV/HHV‐6 from large abscess lesions. No significant associations were found between any of the target viruses and size of periapical lesions. As for the healthy pulps used as noninflamed controls, no control specimens contained viral DNA.ConclusionsHCMV was the most frequent herpesvirus amongst the target viruses in samples from both large and small apical abscess lesions. In large lesions, EBV and HHV‐6 tended to occur in coinfection with HCMV. Additional studies are required to elucidate the role of herpesviruses in the pathogenesis of periapical abscess.
The effects of various mixing solutions on the biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate
Authors: Karygianni L. , Proksch S. , Schneider S. , Vach K. , Hellwig E. , Steinberg T. , Schulz S. D. , Tchorz J. P. , Altenburger M. J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of various mixing solutions on the biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).MethodologyHuman alveolar osteoblasts (hOAs) were incubated with eluates of 24 h‐set cement discs of MTA mixed with sterile H2O, 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 4% articaine (Ultracain® D‐S), 0.9% NaCl, Ringer's solution or citrated blood, respectively. The cell proliferation in the presence of eluates was assessed by real‐time cell analysis, and the expression of genes associated with proliferation (histone H3, HistH3), inflammation (interleukin‐6, IL‐6, matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 3, MMP1, MMP3) or apoptosis (caspase 3, Casp3) was analysed by qPCR after 24 and 72 h. The ultrastructure of cells grown on cement discs was visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whilst actin cytoskeleton was monitored by fluorescence staining in the presence of eluates after 7 and 14 days. A repeated‐measure analysis was performed, and P‐values were adjusted by Tukey.ResultsWhilst articaine‐MTA sustained hOA proliferation patterns similar to H2O‐MTA, NaOCl‐MTA reduced hOA proliferation and significantly increased the expression of MMP1 and MMP3. The addition of H2O and articaine modulated the gene expression of Casp3 or Hist3H3. The use of NaCl, Ringer and blood induced mRNA levels comparable to matched controls. With the exception of NaOCl‐MTA, SEM and FM revealed regular hOA morphology for all mixing solutions.ConclusionsNaOCl was highly cytotoxic for hOAs whilst all other mixing solutions can be considered as convenient biocompatible mixing solutions as alternatives to H2O for clinical use.
Perception of young adults with sickle cell disease or sickle cell trait about participation in the CHOICES randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hershberger Patricia E. , Gallo Agatha M. , Molokie Robert , Thompson Alexis A. , Suarez Marie L. , Yao Yingwei , Wilkie Diana J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimsTo gain an in‐depth understanding of the perceptions of young adults with sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait about parenthood and participating in the CHOICES randomized controlled trial that used computer‐based, educational programmes.BackgroundIn the USA, there is insufficient education to assure that all young adults with sickle cell disease or sickle cell trait understand genetic inheritance risks and reproductive options to make informed reproductive decisions. To address this educational need, we developed a computer‐based, multimedia program (CHOICES) and reformatted usual care into a computer‐based (e‐Book) program. We then conducted a two‐year randomized controlled trial that included a qualitative component that would deepen understanding of young adults’ perceptions of parenthood and use of computer‐based, educational programmes.DesignA qualitative descriptive approach completed after a randomized controlled trial.MethodsSixty‐eight men and women of childbearing age participated in semi‐structured interviews at the completion of the randomized controlled trial from 2012–2013. Thematic content analysis guided the qualitative description.Results/findingsThree main themes were identified: (1) increasing knowledge and new ways of thinking and behaving; (2) rethinking parenting plans; and (3) appraising the program design and delivery. Most participants reported increased knowledge and rethinking of their parenting plans and were supportive of computer‐based learning. Some participants expressed difficulty in determining individual transmission risks.ConclusionParticipants perceived the computer programs as beneficial to their learning. Future development of an Internet‐based educational programme is warranted, with emphasis on providing tailored education or memory boosters about individual transmission risks.
Changes in use, knowledge, beliefs and attitudes relating to tobacco among nursing and physiotherapy students: a 10‐year analysis
Authors: Ordás Beatriz , Fernández Daniel , Ordóñez Cesar , Marqués‐Sánchez Pilar , Álvarez Maria Jose , Martínez Santiago , Pinto Arrate 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo analyse changes in prevalence, knowledge, beliefs and attitudes relating to smoking among undergraduate nursing and physiotherapy students over a 10‐year period.BackgroundFew studies have been performed to describe changes in the use of tobacco and associated characteristics.DesignThis study was a sequential cross‐sectional study.MethodsA self‐administered survey was performed during three academic years among nursing and physiotherapy students in a Spanish Faculty of Health Sciences.FindingsThe proportion of smokers among nursing and physiotherapy students in 2003, 2008 and 2013 was 29·3%, 24·7% and 18·2% respectively. The ages when participants first smoked did not vary over the years. The Fagerström test showed low nicotine dependence. A significantly high percentage of students stated they were unaware of the link between smoking and bladder cancer and oral leukoplakia. Students declared they were unaware of the association between under‐weight new‐borns and second‐hand smoke. The majority of students recognized that healthcare professionals were role models in society, there being little variation over the years studied. In relation to education and training, the study showed a need to inform students about methods and strategies to help people quit smoking.ConclusionsThe prevalence of smoking among nursing and physiotherapy students decreased over the ten years. Active programmes should be implemented to encourage those university students who smoke to break this habit. The decline over the years in knowledge about smoking provided evidence of a significant deficit in undergraduate training.
The Question of the Holocaust's Uniqueness: Was it Something More Than or Different From Genocide?
Authors: Pleasants Nigel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDating back to the very beginning of our knowledge of the events that constituted the Holocaust, some historians, social scientists, philosophers, theologians and public intellectuals argue that it was a unique historical, or even trans‐historical, event. The aim of this article is to clarify what the uniqueness question should be about and to ascertain whether there are good reasons for judging that the Holocaust is unique. It examines the core meanings of ‘unique’ that feature in the literature and identifies which of these is most apt for considering the possible uniqueness of the Holocaust. It then works out what it would take for the Holocaust to be unique in the appropriately rigorous sense, which is facilitated by inquiring into the nature of genocide. The key question turns on the relation of the Holocaust to genocide: was the Holocaust more than, or different from, genocide?
Surgical Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: ABO‐SALEM ELSAYED , LOCKWOOD DEBORAH , BOERSMA LUCAS , DENEKE THOMAS , PISON LAURENT , PAONE RALPH F. , NUGENT KENNETH M. 
Published: June 2015

Surgical Treatment of Atrial FibrillationAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common chronic arrhythmia in the adult population. Ablation lines have largely replaced the historical and challenging cut and sew techniques. Surgical ablation of AF is commonly performed in cases with other indications for cardiac surgery and less commonly as a stand‐alone therapy. Pulmonary vein isolation is the cornerstone of this procedure. Extended left atrial ablation lines may increase efficacy in cases with longstanding persistent or permanent AF. Additional efficacy by adding right atrial ablation is controversial but is often performed in cases undergoing right atrial or atrial septal surgery. Left atrial volume reduction is recommended in cases with large left atria and AF undergoing another cardiac surgery. Arrhythmia recurrence is not uncommon after surgical ablation of AF and varies among studies due to heterogeneity in patient population, lesion set and endpoints. Freedom from AF recurrence was 65–87% at 12 months and 58–70% at 2 years follow‐up. Long‐term monitoring is recommended due to an increased prevalence of asymptomatic recurrences. The strongest predictors of AF recurrence are longstanding or persistent AF and a large left atrium. The most common mechanisms of recurrence are pulmonary vein reconnection, nonpulmonary vein triggers, and gaps in the ablation lines. About 20% of atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrences are atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia. There are not enough data in the surgical literature to support withdrawal of anticoagulation after surgical AF ablation. Patients selected for stand‐alone surgical ablation usually have low risk profiles and low postoperative mortality rates (0.2%).
Left Ventricular Mass as a Risk Factor in the Oldest Old
Authors: Bursztyn Michael , Leibowitz David , Stessman‐Lande Irit , Jacobs Jeremy M. , Ein‐Mor Eliana , Stessman Jochanan 
Published: June 2015

In middle‐aged and “young elderly” cohorts, higher left ventricular mass (LVM) is associated with worse outcomes. The authors examinedLVMand 5‐year mortality among community‐dwelling 85‐year‐old patients. A representative sample (n=526, born 1920–1921) from the Jerusalem Longitudinal Cohort Study underwent echocardiography at age 85.LVMwas indexed by body surface area (LVM‐BSA) or height (LVM‐Ht). Patients with higherLVMwere less educated and sedentary and had poorer self‐rated health, functional limitations, and increased comorbidity. Five‐year mortality was 21.7% (n=114). Adjusted 5‐year mortality rates were increased for the two upper quintiles ofLVM‐BSA(hazard ratio [HR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–3.06) andLVM‐Ht (HR, 2.2; 95%CI, 1.2–3.5). A step up in mortality occurred around the third quintile corresponding withLVM‐BSA110 g/m2orLVM‐Ht 51 g/m2.7. Among the oldest old, elevatedLVMis significantly associated with mortality.
High levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis‐induced immunoglobulin G2 are associated with lower high‐density lipoprotein levels in chronic periodontitis
Authors: Ardila Carlos M. , Guzmán Isabel C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis‐induced immunoglobulin G antibodies and the high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) level.MethodsA total of 108 individuals were examined. The presence of P. gingivalis was detected using primers designed to target the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Peripheral blood was collected from each subject to determine the levels of P. gingivalis‐induced IgG1 and IgG2 serum antibodies. The HDL levels were determined using fully enzymatic methods.ResultsA higher proportion of periodontitis patients had high levels of P. gingivalis‐induced IgG1 and IgG2, and the proportion of subjects with a HDL level of < 35 md/dL was higher in the group of chronic periodontitis patients. In the unadjusted regression model, the presence of high levels of P. gingivalis‐induced IgG2 was associated with a HDL level of < 35 md/dL. The adjusted model indicated that periodontitis patients with high levels of P. gingivalis‐induced IgG2 showed 3.2 more chances of having pathological HDL levels (odds ratio = 3.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.2–9.8).ConclusionHigh levels of P. gingivalis‐induced IgG2 were associated with low HDL concentrations in patients with periodontitis, which suggests that the response of the host to periodontal infection may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
Addressing the Confusion Related to DNS, DNSc, and DSN Degrees, With Lessons for the Nursing Profession
Authors: Reid Ponte Patricia , Nicholas Patrice K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeThis article examines the evolution of Doctor of Nursing Science (DNS or DNSc) and Doctor of Science in Nursing (DSN) degrees, including their emergence as research‐intensive doctoral degrees in the 1960s, efforts to distinguish the degrees from the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degrees, the recent decline in program numbers, and implications for degree holders.ApproachThe article reviews the U.S. history of doctoral education in nursing, research examining similarities and differences between the PhD and DNS, DNSc, or DSN degrees, and how the DNS, DNSc, or DSN
degree differs from DNP programs. The article also examines the confusion regarding the focus of the DNS, DNSc, or DSN degree among nurses, patients, and potential funders; and describes actions taken by universities to address the confusion, with examples provided by academic deans, nurse leaders, and nurse researchers.FindingsLongstanding confusion about the research merits of the DNS, DNSc, or DSN degree, and the growing prominence of the similarly‐titled DNP degree, has created confusion about the focus of DNS, DNSc, or DSN programs and the capabilities of degree holders. Many universities have addressed this confusion by converting their DNS, DNSc, and DSN programs to a PhD or retroactively converting degrees to a PhD. Other universities have chosen not to pursue this route.ConclusionsThe DNS, DNSc, or DSN experience highlights the importance of clarifying and standardizing the purpose and goals of nursing education programs and the repercussions for degree holders when such clarity is lacking. The international academic nursing communities have consistently pursued one doctoral‐level nursing degree and therefore have not shared this challenging landscape in nursing education.Clinical RelevanceFindings and recommendations presented in this article have implications for schools of nursing and professional groups that oversee the development of educational programs and pathways for nurses.
Responsible Accounting for Stakeholders
Authors: Harrison Jeffrey S. , van der Laan Smith Joyce 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThrough a critique of existing financial theory underlying current accounting practices, and reapplication of this theory to a broad group of stakeholders, this paper lays a normative foundation for a revised perspective on the responsibility of the public accounting profession. Specifically, we argue that the profession should embrace the development of standards for reporting information important to a broader group of stakeholders than just investors and creditors. The FASB has recently moved in the opposite direction. Nonetheless, an institution around accounting for stakeholders continues to grow, backed by a groundswell of support from many sources. Based on institutional theory, we predict that this institution and the forces supporting it will cause changes in the public accounting profession, even if through coercion. We also provide examples of stakeholder accounting, building from the premise that a primary responsibility of accounting is to provide information to address the risk management needs of stakeholders.
Quantitative Mapping of Human Brain Vertical‐Occipital Fasciculus
Authors: Keser Zafer , Ucisik‐Keser Fehime Eymen , Hasan Khader M. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTPURPOSEThe vertical‐occipital fasciculus (VOF), historically named as “the fasciculus occipitalis verticalis of Wernicke,” has been recently brought to the attention of the neuroscience community. In this study, we delineated and quantified this tract with deterministic diffusion tensor imaging protocol.METHODSFive (all males aged 24‐37 years) and 10 (7 males and 3 females aged 20‐51 years) right‐handed healthy subjects were studied with 1 and 2 mm DT‐MRI data sets, respectively. The DTI attributes of this pathway along with its cortical representation (Brodmann areas) were presented in standard Montréal Neurological Institute space. Nearby pathways such as inferior fronto‐occipital (IFOF) and inferior longitudinal fasciculi (ILF) were used as reference pathways.RESULTSThe total volume of VOF has been found to be approximately .8‐1% of whole brain in both data sets. The fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity of this tract have been found to be relatively 10‐15% lower than adjacent pathways such as IFOF and ILF in both data sets. Although IFOF and ILF showed somewhat leftward asymmetry in diffusivity, no right‐left asymmetry has been observed in VOF.CONCLUSIONWe believe that our work will pave the way for future imaging studies investigating VOF in different conditions such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis.
First Report of Botryosphaeria dothidea on Mangifera indica L. in Gujarat
Authors: Rabari Vijya , Rakhashiya Purvi , Patel Pooja , Thaker Vrinda 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA leaf spot disease was observed on Mangifera indica L. located in the region of Rajkot, Gujarat, India. The symptoms included the appearance of small, circular to oval dark brown necrotic sunken spots on the leaves. The fungus formed grey to dark grey on potato dextrose agar and conidia were single‐celled, ovoid or oblong. On the basis of mycological characteristics, pathogenicity test and molecular identification using 28S rDNA sequence and internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the fungus was identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot on M. indica tree caused by Botryoshaeria dothidea in Gujarat, India.
Two New Methods for Solving the Path‐Based Stochastic User Equilibrium Problem
Authors: Zhou Bojian , Bliemer Michiel C. J. , Bell Michael G. H. , He Jie 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this article, we present two new methods for the path‐based logit stochastic user equilibrium problem, and investigate their convergence properties. First, a two‐level partial linearization method is proposed. Second, a dual method is developed. Both of these two methods use second‐order approximation of the objective function. Our novel methods are compared to Damberg's partial linearization method (Damberg, 1996), which is known to be one of the best performing methods. Numerical results on the different networks show that, if properly scaled, our new methods compare favorably to Damberg's method.
Feasibility study of an attention training application for older adults
Authors: Hill Nikki L. , Mogle Jacqueline , Colancecco Elise , Dick Robert , Hannan John , Lin Feng Vankee 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundTechnology‐based attention training has demonstrated promise in its potential to improve cognitive functioning in older people. Developing mobile applications, with older users specifically in mind, may support future dissemination of these interventions and integration into daily life.Aims and objectivesThe purpose of this pilot study was to test the feasibility of an Attention Training Application (ATA) for community‐dwelling older adults using mobile technology.DesignA descriptive, mixed‐methods design was used to capture older adults' feedback on the usability and acceptability of the ATA.MethodsA convenience sample of older adults (n = 9) from two independent living facilities participated in a 2‐hour training and practice session with the ATA. Participants were given personally tailored instructions for using the mobile device and the ATA specifically. Following a practice session, participants provided ratings on multiple components of the ATA and completed an audio‐recorded, semi‐structured interview to provide detailed descriptions of their experience and perceptions. An iterative process of content analysis was used to characterise the open‐ended responses.ResultsParticipants rated the ATA favourably overall on several 0–10 scales including likeability [8.5 (1.6)], interest [8.8 (2.3)] and satisfaction [8.2 (1.9)]. The qualitative analyses revealed several issues relevant to the feasibility of the ATA among older people including the importance of the technological background of the user, limiting negative feedback, challenges with the touch screen interface, personal preferences for challenge, extending the practice period and the difficulty of the dual‐task condition.ConclusionsThe use of the ATA is feasible in the older adult population. Future development should specifically consider personal characteristics as well as preferences to maximise usability and acceptability among older people.Implications for practiceOlder adults enjoyed the ATA. This opens doors to user‐friendly technological interventions that may be effective in assisting older adults maintain and possibly even improve their cognitive function.
Factors Affecting Sexually Transmitted Infections in South Korean High School Students
Authors: Kim Suhee , Lee Chungyul 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis study identified factors affecting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among high school students in South Korea.Design and SampleThis study was a secondary data analysis using data from the eighth annual Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web‐based Survey conducted in 2012. Data from 2,387 high school students who reported having sexual intercourse were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi‐square tests, and logistic regression by gender.MeasuresThe survey questionnaire measured drug experience, Internet pornography preference, age at first intercourse, and method of contraception.ResultsOverall, 7.2% of participants had experienced STIs. The common significant predictors of STIs in male and female students were drug experience, Internet pornography preference, and age at first intercourse. Contraceptive methods were statistically significant only for males; living arrangements and Internet usage were significant only for females.ConclusionsDrug experiences, Internet pornography preference, and age at first intercourse were strong factors that affected both male and female students, suggesting the necessity to reinforce laws and regulations prohibiting drug use and pornography. Moreover, precise and detailed information on intercourse, sexual behaviors, and STIs offered by public health nurses should be officially provided starting in elementary school. For male students, the practice of condom use should be emphasized.