bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spondylolysis outcomes in adolescents after direct screw repair of the pars interarticularis
Authors: Snyder Laura A. , Shufflebarger Harry , O'Brien Michael F. , Thind Harjot , Theodore Nicholas , Kakarla Udaya K. 
Published: June 2014

Object
Isthmic spondylolysis can significantly decrease functional abilities, especially in adolescent athletes. Although treatment can range from observation to surgery, direct screw placement through the fractured pars, or Buck's procedure, may be a more minimally invasive procedure than the more common pedicle screw-hook construct.

Methods
Review of surgical databases identified 16 consecutive patients treated with Buck's procedure from 2004 to 2010. Twelve patients were treated at Miami Children's Hospital and 4 at Barrow Neurological Institute. Demographics and clinical and radiographic outcomes were recorded and analyzed retrospectively.

Results
The 16 patients had a median age of 16 years, and 14 were 20 years or younger at the time of treatment. Symptoms included axial back pain in 100% of patients with concomitant radiculopathy in 38%. Pars defects were bilateral in 81% and unilateral in 19% for a total of 29 pars defects treated using Buck's procedure. Autograft or allograft augmented with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein as well as postoperative bracing was used in all cases. Postoperatively, symptoms resolved completely or partially in 15 patients (94%). Of 29 pars defects, healing was observed in 26 (89.6%) prior to 1 revision surgery, and an overall fusion rate of 97% was observed at last radiological follow-up. There were no implant failures. All 8 athletes in this group had returned to play at last follow-up.

Conclusions
Direct screw repair of the pars interarticularis defect as described in this series may provide a more minimally invasive treatment of adolescent patients with satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes, including return to play of adolescent athletes.
Reconnaissance et synthèse automatiques de la parole : des sciences de la parole aux technologies vocales
Authors: Sorin Christel 
Published: June 2014

A quick assessment of the current state-of-the-art in Speech Recognition and Synthesis allows to note that in spite of positive advances in the last years
1) no current recognition system is capable of processing with reliability really spontaneous continuous speech,
2) no current speech synthesis system provides speech which could be confused with natural speech,
3) in these two domains, for the last fifteen years, "knowledge-based" approaches have been less fruitful than "statistical training" approaches,
4) the best current systems merely copy "surface" speech phenomena,
5) such "imitation" has been essentially limited to the language performances observed in two kinds of task (as to synthesis, loud- speaking reading of written texts ; as to recognition, written transcriptions of read texts), underscoring the teleological dimension of "speech" activity (case of dialogue).
If we want to be able, some day, to communicate with a machine in a natural way, it seems crucial to us to consider, from now on, speech recognition and synthesis no longer as elementary, task-independent processes but as components of complete systems of human-machine communication by speech. That will make necessary to integrate closely speech production and recognition functionalities to the controlling and monitoring organ which, in prospect of achieving a given task, will run a reasoning that will allow to understand or generate a message, using various knowledge sources, optimally structured and managed. The association of deeper knowledge and more efficient modelling of language performances and behaviours (included learning mechanisms...) in various contexts and for various tasks seems to us a key factor of future advances in that domain.
À propos de la reconnaissance des unités lexicales
Authors: Scliar-Cabral L 
Published: June 2014

Expliquer comment les unités lexicales insérées dans la chaîne parlée sont traitées et reconnues pose des questions d'une grande complexité. Dans cet article,, nous traitons :
le parsing ; le "one-to-many mapping" ; les distorsions, pauses et hésitations ; les variantes sociolinguistiques ; la variation phonétique contextuelle, déterminée par le phénomène de la coarticulation ; la délimitation des unités lexicales ; les items lexicaux nouveaux. Nous suggérons quelques hypothèses fondées sur des recherches menées au Brésil qui utilisent des paradigmes comme les expériences dichotiques, la soustraction de la consonne et de la voyelle initiale de pseudo-mots, le test de morphologie Berko et l'acquisition du langage. Des données plus récentes, obtenues grâce à un instrument spécifiquement conçu pour tester les frontières de mots externes, sont aussi discutées. Nus soutenons que les humains traitent la chaîne parlée d'une manière compensatoire (c'est-à-dire en utilisant des stratégies "bottom-up" et "top-down") jusqu'à ce qu'une représentation compatible avec le contexte soit obtenue.
Siglaison-acronymie et néologie lexicale
Authors: Mortureux Marie-Françoise 
Published: June 2014

On observing a corpus of approximately 200 siglas and acronyms, among which nearly half were the homonym unities of proper nouns or existing lexemes, we can bring forth the following conclusions :
The modalities linked to their formation cannot be limited to those of written abbreviations, but call for the creation of a sign associating a signifiant and a meaning.
In journalistic speech these unities behave as terms.
Their semantic value is the sum of the proper noun's identification function and the common noun's signification function.
The siglation-acronymy manifests the tension between linguistics anomalies and regularities as do many other contemporary productive neologies.
La simplicité trompeuse de la terminologie en anglais oral
Authors: Huart R 
Published: June 2014

I propose a reflexion on :
-the possible link between language biography of the learners of a
foreign language and the characteristics of their metalinguistic
representations ;
-the use, by a goal-driven language didactics, of the metalinguistic
representations brought to light.
Then, activities aimed at developing language awareness, since they
include a metacognitive process based on pre-existing linguistic
possibilities, stir up "translinguistic" competence.
Self-Reliance and the Portability of Pragmatism
Authors: Neville Robert Cummings 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Flush with the juices of adolescence, American philosophy declared independence from its European parentage in the work of Ralph Waldo Emerson and his generation. In 1837, Emerson addressed the Harvard Phi Beta Kappa Society on the occasion of its inaugural meeting for the year, which he called a "holiday." Emerson began: I greet you on the recommencement of our literary year. Our anniversary is one of hope, and, perhaps, not enough of labor. We do not meet for games of strength or skill, for the recitation of histories, tragedies, and odes, like the ancient Greeks; for parliaments of love and poesy, like the Troubadours; nor for the advancement of science, like our contemporaries in the British and European capitals. Thus far, our holiday has been simply a friendly sign of the survival of the love of letters amongst a people too busy to give letters any more. Perhaps the time is already come when it ought to be, and will be something else; when the sluggard intellect of this continent will look from under its iron lids and fill the postponed expectations of the world with something better than the expectations of mechanical skill. Our day of dependence, our long apprenticeship to the learning of other lands, draws to a close. The millions that around us are rushing into life, cannot always be fed on the sere remains of foreign harvests. Events, actions arise, that must be sung, that will sing themselves.
George Santayana and the Problem of Petitionary Prayer
Authors: Clanton J. Caleb 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Scholars of the classical American philosophical tradition have not written much about prayer, despite the fact that almost every single one of the major figures of this tradition acknowledged its significance. The gap in the literature is notable in the case of George Santayana, who discusses prayer in several of his major works. And of all the classical American philosophers, Santayana may have the most fully developed treatment of prayer, particularly as it relates to the problem of petitionary prayer. Yet his account of payer has not received much attention. This is surprising since, on the one hand, many of Santayana’s other views on religion and spirituality have been widely commented on, and, on the other hand, prayer has been a prominent topic in philosophy of religion in recent decades. And it makes sense for scholars of the classical American tradition nowadays to consider Santayana’s views about prayer, at the least because this tradition concerns itself with the problems of ordinary people, and to most Americans–and even to some atheist Americans–prayer seems to matter a great deal. Santayana’s treatment of prayer can be organized into two phases. First, he offers a twofold case against the common view that petitionary prayer is materially efficacious–that is, the view that petitionary prayer can do something to affect whether God brings about a desired state of affairs that would not have otherwise obtained had the request for it not been made.
Sediment and carbon fluxes along a longitudinal gradient in the lower Tana River (Kenya)
Authors: Tamooh Fredrick , Meysman Filip J. R. , Borges Alberto V. , Marwick Trent R. , Van Den Meersche Karel , Dehairs Frank , Merckx Roel , Bouillon Steven 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe estimated annual fluxes of suspended matter and different carbon (C) pools at three sites along the lower Tana River (Kenya), based on monthly sampling between January 2009 and December 2011. Concentrations of total suspended matter (TSM), particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were monitored, as was the stable isotope composition of the carbon pools. Both TSM and POC concentrations showed strong seasonality, varying over several orders of magnitude, while DOC and DIC concentrations showed no seasonal variations. A strong shift in the origin of POC was observed, which was dominated by C3‐derived C during dry conditions (low δ13CPOC between −28‰ and −25‰), but had significant C4 contributions during high‐flow events (δ13CPOC up to −19.5‰). Between Garissa and the most downstream sampling point, a clear decrease in suspended matter and organic C fluxes was observed, being most pronounced during high‐discharge conditions: on an annual basis, fluxes of TSM, POC, and DIC decreased by 34% to 65% for the 3 year study period. Our results suggest that floodplains along the lower Tana River could play an important role in regulating the transport of suspended matter and organic C. A comparison of current flux estimates with data collected prior to the construction of several hydropower dams reveals that the sediment loading is reduced during low discharge conditions.
The radiative impact of water ice clouds from a reanalysis of Mars Climate Sounder data
Authors: Steele L. J. , Lewis S. R. , Patel M. R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe radiative impact of water ice clouds on the atmosphere of Mars is analyzed via a reanalysis of Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) temperature and ice opacity profiles. Polar hood clouds only have a small radiative impact, while tropical clouds increase diurnally averaged temperatures at the 10 Pa level by ∼10–15 K. Cloud radiative heating strengthens the meridional overturning circulation, increasing temperatures in the polar warmings by ∼6–8 K and temperatures in the tropics by ∼2 K (due to increased dust mass). The positions and wind speeds of the tropical and high‐latitude jets are also modified through changes to the meridional temperature gradients. An effective ice particle radius of reff=1.4μm produces temperatures around the aphelion cloud belt in close agreement to MCS temperature retrievals. For high‐altitude tropical clouds during northern autumn, a better agreement is found using reff=0.8μm.
Effects of Smoking and Shared Epitope on the Production of Anti–Citrullinated Peptide Antibody in a Japanese Adult Population
Authors: Terao Chikashi , Ohmura Koichiro , Ikari Katsunori , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Takahashi Meiko , Setoh Kazuya , Nakayama Takeo , Kosugi Shinji , Sekine Akihiro , Tabara Yasuharu , Taniguchi Atsuo , Momohara Shigeki , Yamanaka Hisashi , Yamada Ryo , Matsuda Fumihiko , Mimori Tsuneyo ,   on Behalf of the Nagahama Study Group
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveAnti–citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) are markers to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Smoking and shared epitope (SE) in HLA–DRB1 are associated with the production of these autoantibodies in RA. Detailed distribution and characterization of ACPA and RF in the general population have remained unclear. We aimed to evaluate positivity of ACPA and RF in a general Japanese population and to detect correlates, including genetic components.MethodsACPA and RF were quantified in 9,804 Japanese volunteers ages 30–75 years. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of candidates of correlates on the autoantibody positivity. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was performed using 394,239 single nucleotide polymorphisms for 3,170 participants, and HLA–DRB1 alleles were imputed based on the GWAS data.ResultsA total of 1.7% and 6.4% of subjects were positive for ACPA and RF, respectively, and the 2 markers showed a significant correlation (P = 2.0 × 10−23). Old age was associated with ACPA positivity (P = 0.00062). Sex, smoking, SE, and other candidates of correlates did not have significant effects. Interaction between smoking and SE positivity was not apparent, but smoking showed a significant association with high levels of ACPA (P = 0.0019).ConclusionACPA and RF could be detected in 1.7% and 6.4% of the Japanese adult population without RA, respectively. ACPA and RF were suggested to share mechanisms even in healthy populations. Old age was associated with increasing ACPA positivity. While positivity of ACPA and RF was not associated with SE and smoking, an association between high ACPA and smoking was observed.
Work‐injury absence and compensation among partnered and lone mothers and fathers
Authors: Wong Imelda S. , Smith Peter M. , Mustard Cameron A. , Gignac Monique A. M. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to examine the risk of a work‐injury absence and the likelihood of receiving compensation among partnered and lone mothers and fathers.MethodsThis study utilized data from an annual survey of Canadian residents. Logistic regression models examined the association between family status and the receipt of workers' compensation, and absences due to work‐related injury or illnesses of 7 or more days.ResultsBeing a lone mother was significantly associated with the risk of work‐injury absence. Gender differences were observed for workers' compensation: mothers were half as likely as fathers to receive workers' compensation benefits, which may be attributed to differences in work experiences between men and women.ConclusionsFindings may help in understanding whether some parental situations are more vulnerable than others and may contribute to identifying policies that could help workers sustain employment or return to work following an injury. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:960–969, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radical S‐Adenosyl Methionine Epimerases: Regioselective Introduction of Diverse D‐Amino Acid Patterns into Peptide Natural Products
Authors: Morinaka Brandon I. , Vagstad Anna L. , Helf Maximilian J. , Gugger Muriel , Kegler Carsten , Freeman Michael F. , Bode Helge B. , Piel Jörn 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPoyD is a radical S‐adenosyl methionine epimerase that introduces multiple D‐configured amino acids at alternating positions into the highly complex marine peptides polytheonamide A and B. This novel post‐translational modification contributes to the ability of the polytheonamides to form unimolecular minimalistic ion channels and its cytotoxic activity at picomolar levels. Using a genome mining approach we have identified additional PoyD homologues in various bacteria. Three enzymes were expressed in E. coli with their cognate as well as engineered peptide precursors and shown to introduce diverse D‐amino acid patterns into all‐L peptides. The data reveal a family of architecturally and functionally distinct enzymes that exhibit high regioselectivity, substrate promiscuity, and irreversible action and thus provide attractive opportunities for peptide engineering.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Unprotected NH Imines Assisted by a Thiourea
Authors: Zhao Qingyang , Wen Jialin , Tan Renchang , Huang Kexuan , Metola Pedro , Wang Rui , Anslyn Eric V. , Zhang Xumu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAsymmetric hydrogenation of unprotected NH imines catalyzed by rhodium/bis(phosphine)‐thiourea provided chiral amines with up to 97 % yield and 95 % ee. 1H NMR studies, coupled with control experiments, implied that catalytic chloride‐bound intermediates were involved in the mechanism through a dual hydrogen‐bonding interaction. Deuteration experiments proved that the hydrogenation proceeded through a pathway consistent with an imine.
A De Novo Designed Metalloenzyme for the Hydration of CO2
Authors: Cangelosi Virginia M. , Deb Aniruddha , Penner‐Hahn James E. , Pecoraro Vincent L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractProtein design will ultimately allow for the creation of artificial enzymes with novel functions and unprecedented stability. To test our current mastery of nature’s approach to catalysis, a ZnII metalloenzyme was prepared using de novo design. α3DH3 folds into a stable single‐stranded three‐helix bundle and binds ZnII with high affinity using His3O coordination. The resulting metalloenzyme catalyzes the hydration of CO2 better than any small molecule model of carbonic anhydrase and with an efficiency within 1400‐fold of the fastest carbonic anhydrase isoform, CAII, and 11‐fold of CAIII.
A 2,6‐Bis(phenylamino)pyridinato Titanium Catalyst for the Highly Regioselective Hydroaminoalkylation of Styrenes and 1,3‐Butadienes
Authors: Dörfler Jaika , Preuß Till , Schischko Alexandra , Schmidtmann Marc , Doye Sven 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe CC bond forming catalytic hydroaminoalkylation of terminal alkenes, 1,3‐dienes, or styrenes allows a direct and highly atom efficient (100 %) synthesis of amines which can result in the formation of two regioisomers, the linear and the branched product. We present a new titanium catalyst with 2,6‐bis(phenylamino)pyridinato ligands for intermolecular hydroaminoalkylation reactions of styrenes and 1‐phenyl‐1,3‐butadienes that delivers the corresponding linear hydroaminoalkylation products with excellent regioselectivities.
Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Trifluoromethylation/Aryl Migration/Carbonyl Formation with Homopropargylic Alcohols
Authors: Gao Pin , Shen Yong‐Wen , Fang Ran , Hao Xin‐Hua , Qiu Zi‐Hang , Yang Fan , Yan Xiao‐Biao , Wang Qiang , Gong Xiang‐Jun , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA novel copper‐catalyzed one‐pot functionalization of homopropargylic alcohols that involves trifluoromethylation, aryl migration, and formation of a carbonyl moiety has been developed. This reaction constitutes the first direct conversion of homopropargylic alcohols into CF3‐containing 3‐butenal or 3‐buten‐1‐one derivatives in a regioselective manner. Mechanistic studies indicate that the 1,4‐aryl migration proceeds through a radical pathway.
Ordered and Kinetically Discrete Sequential Protein Release from Biodegradable Thin Films
Authors: Hsu Bryan B. , Jamieson Kelsey S. , Hagerman Samantha R. , Holler Eggehard , Ljubimova Julia Y. , Hammond Paula T. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMultidrug regimens can sometimes treat recalcitrant diseases when single‐drug therapies fail. Recapitulating complex multidrug administration from controlled release films for localized delivery remains challenging because their release kinetics are frequently intertwined, and an initial burst release of each drug is usually uncontrollable. Kinetic control over protein release is demonstrated by cross‐linking layer‐by‐layer films during the assembly process. We used biodegradable and naturally derived components and relied on copper‐free click chemistry for bioorthogonal covalent cross‐links throughout the film that entrap but do not modify the embedded protein. We found that this strategy restricted the interdiffusion of protein while maintaining its activity. By depositing a barrier layer and a second protein‐containing layer atop this construct, we generated well‐defined sequential protein release with minimal overlap that follows their spatial distribution within the film.
Cavitand‐Grafted Silicon Microcantilevers as a Universal Probe for Illicit and Designer Drugs in Water
Authors: Biavardi Elisa , Federici Stefania , Tudisco Cristina , Menozzi Daniela , Massera Chiara , Sottini Andrea , Condorelli Guglielmo G. , Bergese Paolo , Dalcanale Enrico 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe direct, clean, and unbiased transduction of molecular recognition into a readable and reproducible response is the biggest challenge associated to the use of synthetic receptors in sensing. All possible solutions demand the mastering of molecular recognition at the solid–liquid interface as prerequisite. The socially relevant issue of screening amine‐based illicit and designer drugs is addressed by nanomechanical recognition at the silicon–water interface. The methylamino moieties of different drugs are all first recognized by a single cavitand receptor through a synergistic set of weak interactions. The peculiar recognition ability of the cavitand is then transferred with high fidelity and robustness on silicon microcantilevers and harnessed to realize a nanomechanical device for label‐free detection of these drugs in water.
Evidence of a Kinetic Isotope Effect in Nanoaluminum and Water Combustion
Authors: Tappan Bryce C. , Dirmyer Matthew R. , Risha Grant A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe normally innocuous combination of aluminum and water becomes violently reactive on the nanoscale. Research in the field of the combustion of nanoparticulate aluminum has important implications in the design of molecular aluminum clusters, hydrogen storage systems, as well as energetic formulations which could use extraterrestrial water for space propulsion. However, the mechanism that controls the reaction speed is poorly understood. While current models for micron‐sized aluminum water combustion reactions place heavy emphasis on diffusional limitations, as reaction scales become commensurate with diffusion lengths (approaching the nanoscale) reaction rates have long been suspected to depend on chemical kinetics, but have never been definitely measured. The combustion analysis of nanoparticulate aluminum with H2O or D2O is presented. Different reaction rates resulting from the kinetic isotope effect are observed. The current study presents the first‐ever observed kinetic isotope effect in a metal combustion reaction and verifies that chemical reaction kinetics play a major role in determining the global burning rate.