bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luteoprotective Role of Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) During Pregnancy in the Mare
Authors: Flores‐Flores G , Velázquez‐Cantón E , Boeta M , Zarco L 
Published: March 2014

ContentsThe effects of repeated cloprostenol administration were compared in mares impregnated by horses and mares impregnated by donkeys in order to assess the role of eCGon the development of pregnancy‐associated resistance to the luteolytic and abortifacient effects ofPGF2α. Eleven mares impregnated by donkey (mule pregnancy) and 9 mares impregnated by horse (horse pregnancy) were used. Six mares with mule pregnancy and four with horse pregnancy were injected with cloprostenol (0.25 mg) when they were between day 65 and day 75 of pregnancy, and the treatment was repeated 48, 72 and 96 h latter. The rest of the mares remained as controls. Concentrations of eCGwere 10 times higher (p < 0.001) in mares impregnated by horses than in mares impregnated by donkeys, and they were not affected by cloprostenol treatment. Luteolysis was completed 30 h after the first cloprostenol injection in mule pregnancies, while mares with horse pregnancies required 96 h and three cloprostenol injections to complete luteolysis. Regression analysis revealed significant associations between eCGconcentrations at time 0 and the time required for completion of luteolysis (p < 0.001), foetal death (p < 0.01) and foetal expulsion (p < 0.05). It is concluded that high eCGconcentrations in mares impregnated by horses protect the corpora lutea of pregnancy against the luteolytic effects ofPGF2α. Low eCGconcentrations in mares carrying mule foetuses afford them less protection against the luteolytic effect ofPGF2α, and this may be a cause of the increased foetal mortality that occurs between days 60 and 90 of pregnancy in these mares.
Revision of the Cales noacki species complex (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Aphelinidae)
Authors: MOTTERN JASON L. , HERATY JOHN M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe genus Cales (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) includes 13 species worldwide, of which 10 form a highly morphologically uniform species complex with a native range in the Neotropical region. We recognize ten species previously attributed to a single Neotropical species, Cales noacki Howard, which in the strict sense is a species broadly disseminated to control woolly whitefly. A neotype is designated for C. noacki, and it is redescribed based on specimens molecularly determined to be conspecific with the neotype. Newly described species include: C. bicolor Mottern, n.sp., C. breviclava Mottern, n.sp., C. brevisensillum Mottern n.sp., C. curvigladius Mottern, n.sp., C. longiseta Mottern, n.sp., C. multisensillum Mottern n.sp., C. noyesi Mottern, n.sp., C. parvigladius Mottern, n.sp. and C. rosei Mottern, n.sp. Species are delimited based on a combination of morphological and molecular data (28S‐D2 rDNA and COI). Additional specimens are included in the phylogenetic analyses and although these likely represent several new species, we lack sufficient specimen sampling to describe them at this time. Cales are highly morphologically conserved and character‐poor, resulting in several cryptic species. A molecular phylogeny of the known Neotropical species based on 28S‐D2–5 rDNA and a 390‐bp segment of COI is included, and identification keys to males and females are provided.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7FEB0479‐9B2E‐48E8‐8603‐4B7C2759D4EC.
Signal through the noise? Phylogeny of the Tachinidae (Diptera) as inferred from morphological evidence
Authors: CERRETTI PIERFILIPPO , O'HARA JAMES E. , WOOD D. MONTGOMERY , SHIMA HIROSHI , INCLAN DIEGO J. , STIREMAN JOHN O. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe oestroid family Tachinidae represents one of the most diverse lineages of insect parasitoids. Despite their broad distribution, diversity and important role as biological control agents, the phylogeny of this family remains poorly known. Here, we review the history of tachinid systematics and present the first quantitative phylogenetic analysis of the family based on morphological data. Cladistic analyses were conducted using 135 morphological characters from 492 species belonging to 180 tachinid genera, including the four currently recognized subfamilies (Dexiinae, Exoristinae, Phasiinae, Tachininae) and all major tribes. We used characters of eggs, first‐instar larvae and adults of both sexes. We examined the effects of implied weighting by reanalysing the data with varying concavity factors. Our analysis generally supports the subfamily groupings Dexiinae + Phasiinae and Tachininae + Exoristinae, with only the Exoristinae and the Phasiinae reconstructed as monophyletic assemblages under a wide range of weighting schemes. Under these conditions, the Dexiinae, which were previously considered a well‐established monophyletic assemblage, are reconstructed as being paraphyletic with respect to the Phasiinae. The Tachininae are reconstructed as a paraphyletic grade from which the monophyletic Exoristinae arose. The Exoristinae are reconstructed as a monophyletic lineage, but phylogenetic relationships within the subfamily are largely unresolved. We further explored the evolution of oviposition strategy and found that the oviparous groups are nested within ovolarviparous assemblages, suggesting that ovipary may have evolved several times independently from ovolarviparous ancestors. This counterintuitive pattern is a novel hypothesis suggested by the results of this analysis. Finally, two major patterns emerge when considering host associations across our phylogeny under equal weights: (i) although more than 60% of tachinids are parasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae, none of the basal clades is unambiguously associated with Lepidoptera as a primitive condition, suggesting that tachinids were slow to colonize these hosts, but then radiated extensively on them; and (ii) there is general agreement between host use and monophyly of the major lineages.
A Three Dimensional Simulation of Fluid-Structure Interaction
Authors: Liu Kunlun , Barocas Victor H. 
Published: March 2014

A numerical method is presented for calculating 3-D unsteady flow through bileaflet heart valves and flexible obstruction. The method combines finite volume, finite element, and overlapping grid methods. The employed overlapping grid method decomposed the entire domain into the solid region, the fluid region in the vicinity of the solid (the inner region), and the outer fluid region. A finite volume scheme was implemented for the outer fluid region, while a finite element scheme was employed in the solid and inner fluid regions. Calculations were carried out for the full 3-D valve geometry under steady inflow conditions with the Reynolds number ranging from 400 to 1200.
The numerical results illustrate the evolution of the downstream vortices. The changes in the location and size of the reattachment vortices in response to the change of elastic modulus of solid and Reynolds number of fluids were recorded and tabulated. The results provide the detailed information sketching the evolution of the fluid-structure interaction in terms of the modes and amplitude.
Validation of a Computerized Use of Time Recall for Activity Measurement in Advanced-Age Adults
Authors: Jordan Mace Casey , Maddison Ralph , Olds Timothy , Kerse Ngaire 
Published: March 2014

Background:The Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adults (MARCA) is a computerized recall instrument that records use of time during 24 hr the previous day and has been developed to address limitations of current self-report physical activity measures for those in advanced age.Methods:Test–retest reliability and convergent validity of the adult MARCA were assessed in a sample of 45 advanced-age adults (age 84.9 SD ± 1.62 yr) as a subsample of the Life and Living in Advanced-Age Cohort Study New Zealand (LiLACS NZ). Test–retest methods required participants to recall the previous day’s activity using the MARCA twice within the same day. Convergent validity was assessed against accelerometry.Results:Test–retest reliability was high, with ICCs greater than .99 for moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and physical activity level (PAL). Compared with accelerometry, the MARCA demonstrated validity comparable to other self-report instruments with Spearman’s coefficients of .34 and .59 for time spent in nonsedentary physical activity and PAL.Conclusion:The MARCA is a valid and reliable self-report tool for physical activity behaviors in advanced-age adults.
Sport Specialization’s Association With an Increased Risk of Developing Anterior Knee Pain in Adolescent Female Athletes
Authors: Hall Randon , Foss Kim Barber , Hewett Timothy E. , Myer Gregory D. 
Published: March 2014

Objectives:To determine if sport specialization increases the risk of anterior knee pain in adolescent female athletes.Design:Retrospective cohort epidemiology study.Methods:Female basketball, soccer, and volleyball players (N = 546) were recruited from a single county public school district in Kentucky consisting of 5 middle schools and 4 high schools. A total of 357 multisport and 189 single-sport (66 basketball, 57 soccer, and 66 volleyball) athlete subjects were included due to their diagnosis of patellofemoral pain (PFP) on physical exam. Testing consisted of a standardized history and physician-administered physical examination to determine the presence of PFP. This study compared self-reported multisport athletes with sport-specialized athletes participating in only 1 sport. The sports-participation data were normalized by sport season, with each sport accounting for 1 season of exposure. Incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and used to determine significant differences between athletes who specialized in sport in early youth and multisport athletes.Results:Specialization in a single sport increased the relative risk of PFP incidence 1.5-fold (95% CI 1.0−2.2, P = .038) for cumulative PFP diagnoses. Specific diagnoses such as Sinding Larsen Johansson/patellar tendinopathy (95% CI 1.5−10.1, P = .005) and Osgood Schlatter disease (95% CI 1.5−10.1, P = .005) demonstrated a 4-fold greater relative risk in single-sport compared with multisport athletes. Incidence of other specific PFP diagnoses such as fat pad, plica, trauma, pes anserine bursitis, and iliotibial-band tendonitis was not different between single-sport and multisport participants (P > .05).Conclusion:Early sport specialization in female adolescents is associated with increased risk of anterior knee-pain disorders including PFP, Osgood Schlatter, Sinding Larsen-Johansson compared with multisport athletes.
Comparison of the Effects of Electrical Stimulation and Cold-Water Immersion on Muscle Soreness After Resistance Exercise
Authors: Jajtner Adam R. , Hoffman Jay R. , Gonzalez Adam M. , Worts Phillip R. , Fragala Maren S. , Stout Jeffrey R. 
Published: March 2014

Context:Resistance training is a common form of exercise for competitive and recreational athletes. Enhancing recovery from resistance training may improve the muscle-remodeling processes, stimulating a faster return to peak performance.Objective:To examine the effects of 2 different recovery modalities, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and cold-water immersion (CWI), on performance and biochemical and ultrasonographic measures.Participants:Thirty resistance-trained men (23.1 ± 2.9 y, 175.2 ± 7.1 cm, 82.1 ± 8.4 kg) were randomly assigned to NMES, CWI, or control (CON).Design and Setting:All participants completed a high-volume lower-body resistance-training workout on d 1 and returned to the human performance laboratory 24 (24H) and 48 h (48H) postexercise for follow-up testing.Measures:Blood samples were obtained preexercise (PRE) and immediately (IP), 30 min (30P), 24 h (24H), and 48 h (48H) post. Subjects were examined for performance changes in the squat exercise (total repetitions and average power per repetition), biomarkers of inflammation, and changes in cross-sectional area and echo intensity (EI) of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis muscles.Results:No differences between groups were observed in the number of repetitions (P = .250; power: P = .663). Inferential-based analysis indicated that increases in C-reactive protein concentrations were likely increased by a greater magnitude after CWI compared with CON, while NMES possibly decreased more than CON from IP to 24H. Increases in interleukin-10 concentrations between IP and 30P were likely greater in CWI than NMES but not different from CON. Inferential-based analysis of RF EI indicated a likely decrease for CWI between IP and 48H. No other differences between groups were noted in any other muscle-architecture measures.Conclusions:Results indicated that CWI induced greater increases in pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, while decreasing RF EI, suggesting that CWI may be effective in enhancing short-term muscle recovery after high-volume bouts of resistance exercise.
Information and communication technology for managing pain in palliative care: a review of the literature
Authors: Allsop Matthew J , Taylor Sally , Mulvey Matthew R , Bennett Michael I , Bewick Bridgette M 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundInformation and communication technology (ICT) systems are being developed for electronic symptom reporting across different stages of the cancer trajectory with research in palliative care at an early stage.Aim/designThis paper presents the first systematic search of the literature to review existing ICT systems intended to support management of pain in palliative care patients with cancer. The review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Data sourcesFour databases (Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Healthcare Management Information Consortium) from 1990 to December 2012 were searched, with exclusion of papers based on their description of ICT systems and language used.Results24 articles met the inclusion criteria, many of which reported the use of non-experimental research designs. Studies were identified at different stages of development with no systems having reached implementation. Most systems captured pain as part of quality-of-life measurement with wide variation in approaches to pain assessment.ConclusionsICT systems for symptom reporting are emerging in the palliative care context. Future development of ICT systems need to increase the quality and scale of development work, consider how recommendations for pain measurement can be integrated and explore how to effectively use system feedback with patients.
Sources of Streptococcus dysgalactiae in English and Welsh sheep flocks affected by infectious arthritis (joint ill)
Authors: Rutherford S. J. , Rycroft A. N. , Ridler A. L. 
Published: March 2014

In order to investigate sheep sources of Streptococcus dysgalactiae in flocks affected with joint ill, 10 sheep flocks in England and Wales with laboratory‐confirmed cases of infectious arthritis (joint ill) caused by S dysgalactiae were visited during a disease outbreak while a further four flocks were visited during the lambing period in the year following an outbreak. A total of 5239 samples were collected for bacterial culture from 797 ewes and their 1314 lambs. S dysgalactiae was isolated from nine of 894 samples (1 per cent) on farms visited during an outbreak, and from 7 of 4462 samples (0.2 per cent) collected in the year following an outbreak. The 16 samples from which S dysgalactiae was isolated came from the vaginas of eight ewes, milk of one ewe, navels of four lambs, mouths of two lambs and noses of one lamb. In vitro testing of the survival of S dysgalactiae on straw, hay and in water at different temperatures was performed, and it was isolated from these substrates for up to 42, 35 and 0 days, respectively.
On a class of multiscale cancer cell migration models: Well-posedness in less regular function spaces
Authors: Lorenz Thomas , Surulescu Christina 
Published: March 2014

The system of functional differential equations considered here is motivated by a concrete class of multiscale models for tumor cell migration involving chemotaxis, haptotaxis, and subcellular dynamics proposed in [J. Kelkel and C. Surulescu, A multiscale approach to cell migration in tissue networks, Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 22 (2012) 1150017]. Tissue fibers, cell densities and concentrations of chemotactic signals are assumed to be just square Lebesgue integrable in space, but not necessarily essentially bounded (as in [J. Kelkel and C. Surulescu, A multiscale approach to cell migration in tissue networks, Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 22 (2012) 1150017] and related previous settings). The focus of interest is on sufficient conditions for the well-posedness of the underlying larger problem class.
Virial theorem in quasi-coordinates and Lie algebroid formalism
Authors: Cariñena José F. , Gheorghiu Irina , Martínez Eduardo , Santos Patrícia 
Published: March 2014

In this paper, the geometric approach to the virial theorem (VT) developed in [J. F. Cariñena, F. Falceto and M. F. Rañada, A geometric approach to a generalized virial theorem, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 45 (2012) 395210, 19 pp.] is written in terms of quasi-velocities (see [J. F. Cariñena, J. Nunes da Costa and P. Santos, Quasi-coordinates from the point of view of Lie algebroid structures, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 40 (2007) 10031–10048]). A generalization of the VT for mechanical systems on Lie algebroids is also given, using the geometric tools of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics on the prolongation of the Lie algebroid.
Disproof of the group coloring version of the Hadwiger conjecture
Authors: Wu Baoyindureng , An Xinhui 
Published: March 2014

Inspired by the idea of Barát, Joret and Wood for disproving the list Hadwiger conjecture [The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 18 (2011), P232], we disprove the group coloring version of the Hadwiger conjecture, which asserts that if G is a Kk-minor-free graph, then χg(G) ≤ k, where χg(G) denotes the group chromatic number of G.
Hereditary Susceptibility to Breast Cancer: Significance of Age of Onset in Family History and Contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2
Authors: Frank Thomas S. , Deffenbaugh Amie M. , Hulick Mark , Gumpper Kathryn 
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE: To correlate mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 with family history of breast cancer in a first‐degree relative for women diagnosed with breast cancer before age 45 who do not have a personal or family history of ovarian cancer.METHODS: Family history for women with breast cancer diagnosed before age 45 was provided by ordering physicians via a test requisition form designed for this purpose. Gene analysis was performed by dye primer sequencing for the entire coding regions of BRCA1 and BRCA2. Because a personal and family history of ovarian cancer are known to be significantly associated with mutations, women with either were excluded from analysis.RESULTS: Overall, deleterious mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 were identified in 85 of 440 women (19%) with breast cancer under 45. Mutations were identified in 73 of 276 women (26%) with a first degree family history of breast cancer compared to 12 of 164 without (7%) (P <.0001). When results were analyzed by the age of diagnosis in first degree relatives, mutations were identified in 56 of 185 women (30%) with at least one first degree relative with breast cancer diagnosed before age 50 compared with 17 of 91 women (19%), where the first degree family history of breast cancer was at or over age 50 (P = .042).CONCLUSION: Among women with breast cancer diagnosed before age 45, a first‐degree relative diagnosed with the disease under age 50 is an indicator of a mutation in BRCAl or BRCA2 even in the absence of a family history of ovarian cancer. Therefore, women diagnosed with early‐onset breast cancer should be asked about the age of onset in any first‐degree relative diagnosed with the disease, as well as about any family history of ovarian cancer. Mutations in BRCA2 account for a substantial proportion of hereditary breast cancer. Therefore, studies that are limited to BRCA1 or that do not analyze by age of onset of breast cancer in relatives may underestimate the contribution of mutations in BRCAl and BRCA2 to women with early onset breast cancer.
Impact of Neighborhood and Individual Socioeconomic Status on Survival after Breast Cancer Varies by Race/Ethnicity: The Neighborhood and Breast Cancer Study
Authors: Shariff-Marco Salma , Yang Juan , John Esther M. , Sangaramoorthy Meera , Hertz Andrew , Koo Jocelyn , Nelson David O. , Schupp Clayton W. , Shema Sarah J. , Cockburn Myles , Satariano William A. , Yen Irene H. , Ponce Ninez A. , Winkleby Marilyn , Keegan Theresa H.M. , Gomez Scarlett L. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Background: Research is limited on the independent and joint effects of individual- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES) on breast cancer survival across different racial/ethnic groups.
Methods: We studied individual-level SES, measured by self-reported education, and a composite neighborhood SES (nSES) measure in females (1,068 non-Hispanic whites, 1,670 Hispanics, 993 African-Americans, and 674 Asian-Americans), ages 18 to 79 years and diagnosed 1995 to 2008, in the San Francisco Bay Area. We evaluated all-cause and breast cancer–specific survival using stage-stratified Cox proportional hazards models with cluster adjustment for census block groups.
Results: In models adjusting for education and nSES, lower nSES was associated with worse all-cause survival among African-Americans (Ptrend = 0.03), Hispanics (Ptrend = 0.01), and Asian-Americans (Ptrend = 0.01). Education was not associated with all-cause survival. For breast cancer–specific survival, lower nSES was associated with poorer survival only among Asian-Americans (Ptrend = 0.01). When nSES and education were jointly considered, women with low education and low nSES had 1.4 to 2.7 times worse all-cause survival than women with high education and high nSES across all races/ethnicities. Among African-Americans and Asian-Americans, women with high education and low nSES had 1.6 to 1.9 times worse survival, respectively. For breast cancer–specific survival, joint associations were found only among Asian-Americans with worse survival for those with low nSES regardless of education.
Conclusions: Both neighborhood and individual SES are associated with survival after breast cancer diagnosis, but these relationships vary by race/ethnicity.
Impact: A better understanding of the relative contributions and interactions of SES with other factors will inform targeted interventions toward reducing long-standing disparities in breast cancer survival. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(5); 793–811. ©2014 AACR.