bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Techné of Rock Engravings—the Timna Case Study
Authors: Dubinsky Lena , Grosman Leore 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTraditionally, rock engravings were studied through their visual characteristics. They have been analyzed with comparative and interpretative methodologies of iconography and iconology. However, there has been a recent shift towards identifying production processes, allowing reconstruction of operational characteristics through various methods. Nevertheless, the studies of the technological aspects typically focus on the operational and the mechanical, often omitting the visuality of the outcome. In the current paper, we are using ArchCUT3-D software for computational analysis of 3-D data acquired from various rock engravings located in Timna Park, southern Israel. We show how micro-morphological evidence, extracted from the engraved lines, can decode technical trends and variabilities in a technique’s particular implementation. Then, we conduct a focused examination of one group of engraved figures in order to establish a link between execution techniques and visual considerations. Based on our results and the following discussion, we suggest the term Techné to indicate the choice of technique that goes beyond the instrumental or purely operative perspectives. We highlight the intentional choice, which designs the visual rhetoric of the engraved marks and suggests cultural concepts that contrived the procedural processes.
In vitro and in vivo dissolution of biocompatible S59 glass scaffolds
Authors: Aalto-Setälä Laura , Uppstu Peter , Björkenheim Robert , Strömberg Gustav , Lindfors Nina C. , Pajarinen Jukka , Hupa Leena 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFabrication of porous tissue-engineering scaffolds from bioactive glasses (BAG) is complicated by the tendency of BAG compositions to crystallize in thermal treatments during scaffold manufacture. Here, experimental biocompatible glass S59 (SiO2 59.7 wt%, Na2O 25.5 wt%, CaO 11.0 wt%, P2O5 2.5 wt%, B2O3 1.3 wt%), known to be resistant to crystallization, was used in sintering of glass granules (300–500 µm) into porous scaffolds. The dissolution behavior of the scaffolds was then studied in vivo in rabbit femurs and under continuous flow conditions in vitro (14 days in vitro/56 days in vivo). The scaffolds were osteoconductive in vivo, as bone could grow into the scaffold structure. Still, the scaffolds could not induce sufficiently rapid bone ingrowth to replace the strength lost due to dissolution. The scaffolds lost their structure and strength as the scaffold necks dissolved. In vitro, S59 dissolved congruently throughout the 14-day experiments, resulting in only a slight reaction layer formation. Manufacturing BAG scaffolds from S59 that retain their amorphous structure was thus possible. The relatively rapid and stable dissolution of the scaffold implies that the glass S59 may have the potential to be used in composite implants providing initial strength and stable, predictable release of ions over longer exposure times.
Graphical Abstract
Sorption behavior of selected fission products on spent alum sludge
Authors: Metwally Sayed S. , Borai Emad H. , Hamed Mostafa M. , Hassan Reham S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe spent alum sludge was employed for the removal of specific fission products including 137Cs, 85Sr, 152+154Eu, 99Mo, and 99Tc radionuclides from radioactive waste. The physicochemical features of spent alum sludge were investigated. The results illustrated that the uptake percentages were 94.2, 90.5, 87.6, 87.1, and 76.6%, correspondingly, for 99Mo, 152+154Eu, 99Tc, 85Sr, and 137Cs. The kinetic studies illustrated that the adsorption process obeyed Langmuir kinetics which is a combination of first-order and second-order expressions. The findings demonstrated that the spent alum sludge can be applied successfully as a low-cost and effective adsorbent for the treatment of radioactive waste.
Rule learning by modularity
Authors: Nössig Albert , Hell Tobias , Moser Georg 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present a modular methodology that combines state-of-the-art methods in (stochastic) machine learning with well-established methods in inductive logic programming (ILP) and rule induction to provide efficient and scalable algorithms for the classification of vast data sets. By construction, these classifications are based on the synthesis of simple rules, thus providing direct explanations of the obtained classifications. Apart from evaluating our approach on the common large scale data sets MNIST, Fashion-MNIST and IMDB, we present novel results on explainable classifications of dental bills. The latter case study stems from an industrial collaboration with Allianz Private Krankenversicherung which is an insurance company offering diverse services in Germany.
CFD simulation of a Rushton turbine stirred-tank using open-source software with critical evaluation of MRF-based rotation modeling
Authors: Reid Alfred , Rossi Riccardo , Cottini Ciro , Benassi Andrea 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA critical evaluation of the impact of the Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) technique on steady RANS simulations of a Rushton turbine stirred-tank is presented. The analysis, based on the open-source software OpenFOAM, is focused on the choice of the diameter and thickness of the MRF region and on their effect on the predicted velocity field and mixing times in the tank. Five diameters of the MRF region are compared for the same operating conditions of the turbine, showing limited differences in velocity profiles, which are found in general good agreement with available experimental data. Significant differences are nonetheless found in the predicted levels of turbulence intensity within the tank, with a considerable amount of artificially generated turbulence at the boundary of the MRF region for the largest diameters. The impact of the different predictions of the turbulent field on the modeling of the mixing process in the tank is evaluated by simulating the release of a passive scalar, using the frozen-flow field hypothesis. The results show changes in mixing times up to a factor of three when comparing MRF regions of different sizes. Thus, the present investigation highlights the importance of assessing the effect of the MRF zone size on numerical results as a standard practice in RANS based simulations of stirred-tanks.
Ephemeris accuracy improvement for moons of gas giants: a deep learning based method
Authors: Guo Xiaotao , Jiang Yu , Liu Yongjie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEphemerides accuracy of gas giant planetary system is of paramount importance in astronomical research, planetary exploration missions, and space navigation. Traditional mathematical methods face challenges when processing with data of different observation precisions, which may lead to extra noise and reduce the ephemeris accuracy. This paper proposes an Denoising Autoencoder based Method for Ephemeris Improvement (DAMEI) to improve the accuracy of ephemerides for moons in gas giant planetary system. Utilizing multiple sources of data efficiently, the DAMEI method can mitigate the impact of noise and uncertainty introduced by observational data with different precisions. Based on the symmetrical structure, the DAMEI method learns to encode essential motion features of gas giant planetary system into a latent space and captures the intricate patterns in planetary motion from observational data, subsequently decodes it to improve the ephemeris accuracy. The experimental results show that, for Jupiter’s major satellites (Galilean moons), the DAMEI method achieves more accurate ephemeris of up to 91.65% compared with current mathematical method. The proposed method is also assessed with satellites of Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. It is shown that the DAMEI method also presents a better performance of up to 95.37%. The promising performance of DAMEI method can reduce the uncertainty introduced by low-accuracy data and improve ephemeris accuracy making the utmost of observational data with different precisions.
Radiomics and visual analysis for predicting success of transplantation of heterotopic glioblastoma in mice with MRI
Authors: Wagner Sabine , Ewald Christian , Freitag Diana , Herrmann Karl-Heinz , Koch Arend , Bauer Johannes , Vogl Thomas J. , Kemmling André , Gufler Hubert 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Quantifying tumor growth and treatment response noninvasively poses a challenge to all experimental tumor models. The aim of our study was, to assess the value of quantitative and visual examination and radiomic feature analysis of high-resolution MR images of heterotopic glioblastoma xenografts in mice to determine tumor cell proliferation (TCP).

Methods
Human glioblastoma cells were injected subcutaneously into both flanks of immunodeficient mice and followed up on a 3 T MR scanner. Volumes and signal intensities were calculated. Visual assessment of the internal tumor structure was based on a scoring system. Radiomic feature analysis was performed using MaZda software. The results were correlated with histopathology and immunochemistry.

Results
21 tumors in 14 animals were analyzed. The volumes of xenografts with high TCP (H-TCP) increased, whereas those with low TCP (L-TCP) or no TCP (N-TCP) continued to decrease over time (p < 0.05). A low intensity rim (rim sign) on unenhanced T1-weighted images provided the highest diagnostic accuracy at visual analysis for assessing H-TCP (p < 0.05). Applying radiomic feature analysis, wavelet transform parameters were best for distinguishing between H-TCP and L-TCP / N-TCP (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Visual and radiomic feature analysis of the internal structure of heterotopically implanted glioblastomas provide reproducible and quantifiable results to predict the success of transplantation.
Artificial intelligence innovations in neurosurgical oncology: a narrative review
Authors: Baker Clayton R. , Pease Matthew , Sexton Daniel P. , Abumoussa Andrew , Chambless Lola B. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become increasingly integrated clinically within neurosurgical oncology. This report reviews the cutting-edge technologies impacting tumor treatment and outcomes.

Methods
A rigorous literature search was performed with the aid of a research librarian to identify key articles referencing AI and related topics (machine learning (ML), computer vision (CV), augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), etc.) for neurosurgical care of brain or spinal tumors.

Results
Treatment of central nervous system (CNS) tumors is being improved through advances across AI—such as AL, CV, and AR/VR. AI aided diagnostic and prognostication tools can influence pre-operative patient experience, while automated tumor segmentation and total resection predictions aid surgical planning. Novel intra-operative tools can rapidly provide histopathologic tumor classification to streamline treatment strategies. Post-operative video analysis, paired with rich surgical simulations, can enhance training feedback and regimens.

Conclusion
While limited generalizability, bias, and patient data security are current concerns, the advent of federated learning, along with growing data consortiums, provides an avenue for increasingly safe, powerful, and effective AI platforms in the future.
Envisioning a new model of network governance for global education
Authors: Dovigo Fabio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe 2021 UNESCO report Reimagining Our Futures Together presented a compelling case for establishing a new social contract on education that addresses the persistent exclusion of vulnerable individuals and ensures that knowledge and learning contribute to a more sustainable future. Research literature highlights a global trend towards replacing “hard” with “soft” governance in education, whereby legally binding procedures are replaced by advice and persuasion. The report analyzed how this trend is amplified by the current spread of datafication and digitalization in the field of education, as well as by the increasing role of non-state actors, as exemplified by the early childhood care and education (ECCE) sector. In response to this analysis, this article proposes that the risk of developing a commercial model of soft governance can be moderated by creating an innovative, networked approach to educational governance, led by UNESCO as a global convenor.
Measurement properties of utility-based health-related quality of life measures in cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programs: a systematic review
Authors: Bulamu Norma B. , Gebremichael Lemlem G. , Hines Sonia , Mpundu-Kaambwa Christine , Pearson Vincent , Dafny Hila A. , Pinero de Plaza Maria Alejandra , Beleigoli Alline , Kaambwa Billingsley , Hendriks Jeroen M. , Clark Robyn A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To identify utility-based patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for assessing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programs (CR) and appraise existing evidence on their measurement properties. Secondly, to link their items to the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) and the International Consortium of Health Outcome Measures (ICHOM) domains for cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods
Eight databases were searched. The review followed the COSMIN and JBI guidelines for measurement properties systematic reviews and PRISMA 2020 reporting guidelines. Non-experimental and observational empirical studies of patients ≥ 18 years of age with CVD undergoing CR and assessed quality of life (QoL) or HRQoL using utility-based PROMs or one accompanied by health state utilities were included.

Results
Nine PROMs were identified with evidence on measurement properties for three measures: the German translations of SF-12, EQ-5D-5L, and MacNew heart disease HRQoL questionnaire. There was moderate quality evidence for responsiveness and hypothesis testing of the SF-12 and EQ-5D-5L, and high-quality evidence for responsiveness and hypothesis testing for the MacNew.
All items of SF-12 and EQ-5D were linked to ICF categories, but four items of the MacNew were not classified or defined. All the PROM domains were mapped onto similar constructs from the ICHOM global sets.

Conclusion
Three utility-based PROMs validated in CR were identified: the German versions of the EQ-5D and SF-12 and the MacNew questionnaire. These PROMs are linked to a breadth of ICF categories and all ICHOM global sets. Additional validation studies of PROMs in CR are required.
Illness presentation and quality of life in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and post COVID-19 condition: a pilot Australian cross-sectional study
Authors: Weigel Breanna , Eaton-Fitch Natalie , Thapaliya Kiran , Marshall-Gradisnik Sonya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Post COVID-19 Condition (PCC), being persistent COVID-19 symptoms, is reminiscent of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)—a chronic multi-systemic illness characterised by neurocognitive, autonomic, endocrinological and immunological disturbances. This novel cross-sectional investigation aims to: (1) compare symptoms among people with ME/CFS (pwME/CFS) and people with PCC (pwPCC) to inform developing PCC diagnostic criteria; and (2) compare health outcomes between patients and people without acute or chronic illness (controls) to highlight the illness burdens of ME/CFS and PCC.

Methods
Sociodemographic and health outcome data were collected from n = 61 pwME/CFS, n = 31 pwPCC and n = 54 controls via validated, self-administered questionnaires, including the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey version 2 (SF-36v2) and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule version 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). PwME/CFS and pwPCC also provided self-reported severity and frequency of symptoms derived from the Canadian and International Consensus Criteria for ME/CFS and the World Health Organization case definition for PCC.

Results
Both illness cohorts similarly experienced key ME/CFS symptoms. Few differences in symptoms were observed, with memory disturbances, muscle weakness, lymphadenopathy and nausea more prevalent, light-headedness more severe, unrefreshed sleep more frequent, and heart palpitations less frequent among pwME/CFS (all p < 0.05). The ME/CFS and PCC participants’ SF-36v2 or WHODAS 2.0 scores were comparable (all p > 0.05); however, both cohorts returned significantly lower scores in all SF-36v2 and WHODAS 2.0 domains when compared with controls (all p < 0.001).

Conclusion
This Australian-first investigation demonstrates the congruent and debilitating nature of ME/CFS and PCC, thereby emphasising the need for multidisciplinary care to maximise patient health outcomes.
Diversity targets
Authors: Cai Wei , Chen Yue , Rajgopal Shiva , Azinovic-Yang Li 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFrom 2008 to 2020, 180 of S&P 1500 have disclosed employee diversity targets. We conduct the first analysis of firms’ employee diversity targets and ask three research questions: (i) who announces diversity targets? (ii) do firms deliver on their diversity targets? (iii) what are the implications of disclosure of such targets for employee hiring and investors? We find that firms with a greater willingness (proxied by past ESG penalties, higher CEO-to-median employee pay ratio, more media coverage, and after #MeToo and Black Lives Matter movements) and ability (proxied by financial strength, a blue-collar heavy labor force, and gender and ethnic minorities on boards) to improve employee diversity are more likely to disclose diversity targets. Exploiting the Revelio dataset of 15,639 firm-years for 1,203 distinct firms from 2008 to 2020, we observe that firms that disclosed a diversity target have indeed hired more diverse employees, but such diversity levels had already increased substantially prior to the target disclosure. Firms with numerical, forward-looking, and rank-and-file employee-targeted goals are associated with greater employee diversity relative to firms that announce other types of diversity goals. Moreover, improved diversity performance does not appear to occur at the cost of employee quality, as measured by Revelio. Overall our results have practical implications for how investors and stakeholders might want to interpret corporate diversity targets.
Exploring behaviours of RESTful APIs in an industrial setting
Authors: Karlsson Stefan , Jongeling Robbert , Čaušević Adnan , Sundmark Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA common way of exposing functionality in contemporary systems is by providing a Web-API based on the REST API architectural guidelines. To describe REST APIs, the industry standard is currently OpenAPI-specifications. Test generation and fuzzing methods targeting OpenAPI-described REST APIs have been a very active research area in recent years. An open research challenge is to aid users in better understanding their API, in addition to finding faults and to cover all the code. In this paper, we address this challenge by proposing a set of behavioural properties, common to REST APIs, which are used to generate examples of behaviours that these APIs exhibit. These examples can be used both (i) to further the understanding of the API and (ii) as a source of automatic test cases. Our evaluation shows that our approach can generate examples deemedrelevantfor understanding the system and for a source of test generation by practitioners. In addition, we show that basing test generation on behavioural properties provides tests that are less dependent on the state of the system, while at the same time yielding a similar code coverage as state-of-the-art methods in REST API fuzzing in a given time limit.
Blackberry synthetic seeds storage: effects of temperature, time, and sowing substrate
Authors: Regni Luca , Micheli Maurizio , Pino Alberto Marco Del , Facchin Simona Lucia , Rabica Emanuele , Camilloni Leonardo , Cesarini Arianna , Proietti Primo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn vitro propagation, is becoming the predominant method for blackberry propagation due to its advantages compared to agamic traditional propagation methods. Synthetic seed technology represents a promising approach to further enhance the productivity of in vitro propagation facilitating the exchange of plant materials among laboratories and contributing to germplasm conservation efforts. This study aimed to establish an optimal protocol for the storage and sowing of synthetic blackberry seeds obtained through the encapsulation of clump bases. The synthetic seeds were sown without storage (Control) and after storage periods of 30, 60, and 120 days at 4 °C and 25 °C in the dark, in three different substrates (agarised, perlite, and potting). After forty-five days from sowing viability, regeneration rate, shoot and root numbers and lengths, as well as fresh and dry weights of the plantlets, were assessed. Results indicated that agarised substrate consistently exhibited favourable outcomes, with sustained regeneration rates and robust plantlet development even after prolonged storage at 4 °C. Synthetic seeds sown in perlite and potting substrates demonstrated enhanced regeneration rates following storage at 4 °C for 60 and 120 days. On the contrary, storage at 25 °C resulted in a notable decline in regeneration rate, highlighting its inadequacy for blackberry synthetic seed conservation purposes. These findings underscore the importance of sowing substrate selection and storage temperature in optimizing the storage and sowing protocols for synthetic blackberry seeds.
Enhancing Florida red tilapia aquaculture: biofloc optimization improves water quality, pathogen bacterial control, fish health, immune response, and organ histopathology across varied groundwater salinities
Authors: Abdel-Rahim Mohamed M. , Elhetawy Ashraf. I. G. , Shawky Wael A. , El-Zaeem Samy Y. , El-Dahhar Alaa A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFreshwater scarcity poses challenges to aquaculture worldwide, including countries like Egypt. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of integrating underground saline water (USW) with varying salinities into a Biofloc (BFT) system for desert mariculture of Florida red tilapia (FRT) and its impacts on water quality, fish performance and health. Four BFT treatments (C/N ratio = 15) were examined in triplicate using four salinity levels 0 ppt, 12 ppt, 24 ppt and 36 ppt, expressed as S0, S12, S24 and S36, respectively. For 75 days, a total of 12 fiberglass tanks (each 250 L−1 water) were used to store FRT fry (average weight of 1.73 ± 0.01 g/fish). The fish were fed an experimental diet (protein/fat = 30/5) and an additional carbon source of rice bran. The results revealed that group S12 showed better growth indicators, higher survival rate, lower FCR, and lower ammonia levels, while group S0 exhibited lower growth indicators (final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate) than all groups. The serum kidney, liver, and antioxidant indices performed better in the S12 group. At 12 ppt, the immune-related parameter (IgM) increased by 22.5%, while the stress parameter (cortisol) decreased by 40.8% compared to the S0 group. The liver and intestinal histopathological results revealed that the S12 and S24 groups performed better. Pathogenic bacterial load counts favored the S24 group, which had the lowest number among the groups studied. The recommended salinity for FRT cultivation in USW and BFT is 19.94-20 ppt, determined by polynomial regression of FW and FCR.