bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-institutional Study of Outcomes After Pediatric Heart Transplantation: Candidate Gene Polymorphism Analysis of ABCC2
Authors: Burckart Gilbert J. , Figg William D. , Brooks Maria M. , Green Dionna J. , Troutman Sarah M. , Ferrell Robert , Chinnock Richard , Canter Charles , Addonizio Linda , Bernstein Daniel , Kirklin James K. , Naftel David , Price Douglas K. , Sissung Tristan M. , Girnita Diana M. , Zeevi Adriana , Webber Steven A. 
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVES
Earlier studies have indicated that the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid (MPA) is influenced by polymorphisms of ABCC2, which encodes for the membrane transporter MRP2. The ABCC2 rs717620 A allele has been associated with enterohepatic recirculation of MPA, and our previous work had correlated the discontinuance of MPA with this allele in pediatric heart transplant patients. Therefore, we hypothesized that the ABCC2 rs717620 A allele would be associated with poorer outcomes including rejection with hemodynamic compromise (RHC), graft failure, and death in the pediatric heart transplant (PHTx) population receiving MPA.

METHODS
PHTx recipients from 6 institutions in the Pediatric Heart Transplantation Study (PHTS) from the period of 1993–2009, receiving MPA therapy, were genotyped for ABCC2 rs717620. Genotyping was accomplished by direct sequencing. Demographic and outcome data were limited to the data routinely collected as part of the PHTS and included RHC and mortality.

RESULTS
Two hundred ninety patients were identified who received MPA at some point post transplantation, of which 200 carried the GG genotype, 81 carried the AG genotype, and 9 carried the AA genotype. Follow-up time after transplantation was 6 years. RHC occurred in 76 patients and 18 patients died. In the 281 patients followed up more than 1 year, late RHC (&gt;1 year post transplantation) occurred in 42 patients. While both RHC and late RHC were associated with the ABCC2 rs717620 GG genotype (hazard ratios: 1.80 and 4.57, respectively, p&lt;0.05) in all patients, this association was not significant in PHTx patients receiving only MPA as the antiproliferative agent from the time of transplant (n=142).

CONCLUSIONS
ABCC2 rs717620 polymorphisms varied within racial groups. As a candidate gene assessment, the ABCC2 rs717620 AG and AA genotypes may be associated with improved, rather than poorer, RHC in PHTx patients receiving MPA therapy. ABCC2 rs717620 polymorphisms should be included in any expanded pharmacogenomic analysis of outcomes after pediatric heart transplantation.
Chiral Stability of an Extemporaneously Prepared Clopidogrel Bisulfate Oral Suspension
Authors: Tynes Clay R. , Livingston Brad , Patel Hetesh , Arnold John J. 
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVESThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the chiral stability of clopidogrel bisulfate in an extemporaneously compounded oral suspension for a period of 60 days.METHODSA 5 mg/mL oral suspension of clopidogrel bisulfate was prepared from commercially available Plavix tablets. The clopidogrel suspension was then evenly divided between two light-resistant prescription bottles and stored either under refrigeration (4°C) or at room temperature (25°C). Samples were drawn from the stored suspensions immediately after preparation and on days 7, 14, 28, and 60. Samples were subsequently analyzed at each time point by high-performance liquid chromatography using a reversed-phase column, with chemical stability defined as the retention of at least 90% of the initial intact clopidogrel concentration measured. To determine the chiral stability of the suspension, samples were also analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a chiral column to investigate possible enantiomeric inversion. Chiral stability was defined as the retention of at least 90% of the initial concentration of the suspension as the S-enantiomer, the active moiety of Plavix.RESULTSRegardless of storage conditions, the oral suspension of clopidogrel retained at least 98% of the active S-enantiomer for 60 days after preparation. Compared with the clopidogrel suspension stored in the refrigerator, more chiral inversion was noted in the clopidogrel suspension stored at room temperature.CONCLUSIONSOur investigation of chiral stability indicates that a 5 mg/mL clopidogrel oral suspension stored under refrigeration and at room temperature maintains chiral stability as the active S-enantiomer.
Managing Loss of Glycemic Control in Middle-Aged Patients With Diabetes: The Role of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Combination-Therapy Regimens
Authors: Repas Thomas B. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may have languished on monotherapy or a stable therapy for a substantial period without reconsideration of comorbidities or current control of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). In many patients who lose glycemic control, postprandial hyperglycemia has not been addressed. This is especially true when HbA1c levels are close to—but not at—goal. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are injectable agents that can be added to oral therapy to address postprandial hyperglycemia. These agents may be a useful alternative to insulin therapy as add-on therapy when dual oral therapy is no longer sufficient and additional glucose lowering is required. Compared with insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have provided comparable glucose lowering with less hypoglycemia and without weight gain.
Treating Patients With Diabetes of Long Duration: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Insulin in Combination
Authors: Moghissi Etie S. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be clinically challenging for physicians to treat because these patients often lack sufficient β-cell function to respond to some oral glucose-lowering agents, may have profound comorbidities, and may have renal impairment that limits the use of traditional agents. These complications, in addition to older age, also increase the risk of hypoglycemia, which can be a major barrier to treatment success. Individualizing treatment targets to balance the benefits of glycemic control with risks of hypoglycemia is the first step to successfully treating these patients. Careful selection of combination therapy strategies to address limited β-cell function, renal function, and cardiovascular status, along with attention to selection of agents associated with lower risk of hypoglycemia, is important. Basal insulin analogs are often used in patients with long-standing diabetes to address insulinopenic states. Incretin-based therapies, particularly GLP-1 receptor agonists, provide postprandial control with lower risks of hypoglycemia than prandial insulin. The author discusses the management of patients with long-standing diabetes who may have limited β-cell function and require transition to insulin therapy with gradual intensification.
Preparation of 1‐Monoacylglycerols via the Suzuki‐Miyaura Reaction: 2,3‐Dihydroxypropyl (Z)‐tetradec‐7‐enoate
Authors: Yang Dexi , Cwynar Valerie A. , Hart David J. , Madanmohan Jakkam , Lee Jean , Lyons Joseph , Caffrey Martin 
Published: April 2014

Abstract(2,2‐Dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl) methyl hexanoate5‐Hexanoic acid4‐(Dimethylamino)pyridineN,N′‐DicyclohexylcarboimideDL‐1,2‐sopropylidene glycerol1‐Iodo‐1‐octyneIodinen‐Butyllithium(Z)‐1‐Iodo‐1‐octeneBorane dimethyl sulfide complexCyclohexane(2,2‐Dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)methyl (Z)‐tetra‐7‐enolate9‐Borabicyclo[3.3.1]noneCesium carbonateTriphenylarsineDichlor[1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II),dichloromethne2,3‐Dihydroxypropyl (Z)‐tetradec‐7‐enoate
Reductive Radical Decarboxylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Ko Eun Jung , Williams Craig M. , Savage G. Paul , Tsanaktsidis John 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

1‐Hydroxypyridine‐2(1
H
)‐thione

4‐
N,N
‐Dimethylaminopyridine

Palmitoyl chloride
Efficient Synthesis of Oxime Using

O

‐TBS‐

N

‐Tosylhydroxylamine: Preparation of (2

Z

)‐4‐(Benzyloxy)but‐2‐enal Oxime
Authors: Kitahara Katsushi , Toma Tatsuya , Shimokawa Jun , Fukuyama Tohru 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Hydroxylamine hydrochloride

Tert
‐Butyldimethylsilylchloride

Dimethyformamide
Triethylamine

p‐
Toluenesulfonyl chloride

O
‐TBS
‐N
‐tosylhydroxylamanie

Phosphine, triphenyl
4‐Benxyloxy‐2‐buten‐1‐ol
DEAD
Cesium fluoride
Preparation of Cyclobutenone
Authors: Ross Audrey G , Li Xiaohua , Danishefsky Samuel J 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
3‐Oxocyclobutanecarboxylic acid
Mercury (II) oxide red
Bromine
3‐Bromocyclobutanone

Tri‐
n
‐butylamine

Cyclobutenone
Deuterated chloroform
Convenient Synthesis of α‐Diazoacetates from α‐Bromoacetates and

N
,
N

′‐Ditosylhydrazine: Preparation of Benzyl Diazoacetate
Authors: Ideue Eiji , Toma Tatsuya , Shimokawa Jun , Fukuyama Tohru 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

p
‐Toluenesulfonylhydrazide

p
‐Toluenesulfonyl chloride

N,N′
‐Ditosylhydrazine

Sodium hydrogen carbonate
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl bromoacetate
DBU
Benzyl diazoacetate
Direct Synthesis of Azaheterocycles from

N

‐Aryl/Vinyl Amides. Synthesis of 4‐(Methylthio)‐2‐phenylquinazoline and 4‐(4‐Methoxyphenyl)‐2‐phenylquinoline
Authors: Ahmad Omar K , Medley Jonathan William , Alexis Coste , Movassaghi Mohammad , Kaise Hiromi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Benzanilide
Dichloromethane
2‐Chloropyridine
Trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride
Thiocyanic acid methyl ester

p
‐Methoxyphenylacetylene
Ionospheric effects of the missile destruction on 9 December 2009
Authors: Kozlovsky Alexander , Shalimov Sergey , Lukianova Renata , Lester Mark 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe report on ionosonde and meteor radar observations made in Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (SGO, 67°22′N, 26°38′E, Finland) on 9 December 2009, during a test launch of the Russian solid propellant military missile. Due to a technical problem, the missile was self‐destroyed around 07 UT at an ionospheric height (near 200 km altitude) over the Kola Peninsula (Russia), at a distance about 500 km to east from the observatory. Products of the explosion were spread into a large area and reached the region of SGO meteor radar observations in about 2 h (around 09 UT). After about 3 h (around 10 UT), a sporadic E layer presumably composed of the remains including long‐lived metallic (aluminum and its oxides) ions, was observed near the zenith of the SGO ionosonde. We discuss possible mechanisms accounting for transport of the remains. (1) Since the event occurred during a long‐lasting period of extremely low solar and magnetic activity, the ionospheric electric field was unlikely to play a substantial role in the transport of the remains and sporadic E layer formation. (2) The horizontal transport of the remains cannot be explained by the neutral winds based on empirical models. (3) Theoretical estimations suggest that the observed transport could be due to thermospheric turbulence.
Nightside magnetospheric current circuit: Time constants of the solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling
Authors: Ohtani S. , Uozumi T. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis study addresses the characteristics of the nightside magnetospheric current system using the analogy of an electric circuit. The modeled circuit consists of the generator (V: solar wind), inductor (L: tail lobes), capacitor (C: plasma sheet convection), and resistor (R: particle energization). The electric circuit has three time constants: τCR(=CR), , and τL/R(=L/R). Here τCR is of the order of the ion gyroperiod in the plasma sheet, τLC is a global timescale (2πτLC is several tens of minutes), and τL/R is even longer (several hours). Despite uncertainty in the estimate of each circuit element, τCR ≪ τLC ≪ τL/R holds generally for the magnetosphere, which characterizes the electric circuit as overdamped. The following implications are obtained: (1) During the substorm growth phase the cross‐tail current increases continuously even if interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) BZ does not change after southward turning; (2) the magnetotail current weakens following northward turnings if the change of IMF BZ is comparable to the preceding southward IMF BZ; otherwise it may strengthen continuously if more gradually; (3) during the early main phase of magnetospheric storms the enhancement of the lobe magnetic energy is far more prominent than the enhancements of the kinematic and kinetic energies of the plasma sheet plasma; (4) The efficiency of the solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling changes on a timescale of several hours (τL/R) through the change of the tail flaring, and so does the cross polar‐cap potential; and (5) the magnetospheric current system does not resonate to an oscillatory external driver, and therefore, the periodicity of some magnetotail phenomena reflects that of their triggers.
Stress‐mediated closing of fractures: Impact of matrix diffusion
Authors: Neretnieks Ivars 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFracture apertures may decrease by several mechanisms when the fractures are subject to stress. This paper considers only stress‐enhanced dissolution of the crystals on the stressed surfaces. First, it is argued that the stress‐induced dissolution is active already at the smallest difference between effective stress on the stressed surfaces and the unstressed surface of a crystal when in contact with water. This is in contrast to the concept that there exists a critical stress below which, this does not happen, assumed in some earlier studies. Second, and in addition to, but independent of the first argument, it is shown that there is a very strong sink for the stress‐enhanced dissolved crystal mass due to diffusion into the porous rock matrix. There, the solute reprecipitates on the crystal surfaces in the matrix, which are subject to lower stress than the crystals bearing the load in the fracture. Diffusion into the porous matrix of the rock has not previously been considered in this context. A simple model that includes this sink is developed, and it is shown that matrix diffusion can be the by far largest sink for the solute and can considerably increase the rate of closure of the fractures. It is further found that under some possibly not uncommon conditions, the dissolution rate of quartz crystals becomes essentially independent of the strength of the sinks for the dissolved silica.
Quaternary deformation and fault structure in the Northern Mississippi Embayment as imaged by near‐surface seismic reflection data
Authors: Guo Lei , Magnani Maria Beatrice , McIntosh Kirk , Waldron Brian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSeismicity in the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) in the central United States constrains the location of present deformation at depth along four main distinct arms, while the surface expression of the ongoing deformation is still unclear. To better constrain the surface deformation in the NMSZ, we integrate existing seismic reflection data with a new ~300 km‐long high‐resolution seismic reflection profile acquired along the Mississippi River from Cape Girardeau, MO, to Caruthersville, MO. Based on the data, we interpret the Reelfoot Thrust and the New Markham Fault as upward splays of a blind master fault defined by the seismicity and extending at depth farther north. To the south, two faults, the Axial Fault and the Cottonwood Grove Fault, are imaged above the southern arm of the NMSZ. Both fault display deformation of the Paleozoic through the Tertiary sediments, and a relief of ~20–25 m at the base of the Quaternary alluvium, which we interpret as the result of strike‐slip motion along a complex fault plane geometry. We propose two alternative interpretations for the relationship between the shallow faults and the seismicity in this area: (1) the faults merge at depth and are presently both active and (2) the faults are distinct at depth and were active during the Quaternary and only the Axial Fault is presently deforming. Geological structures mapped at the surface as part of this study show that Quaternary deformation is accommodated along a fault network that is more complex than the simple four‐arm system illuminated by the seismicity, a behavior predicted by analog and computer models.
Paleomagnetism of Eocene and Miocene sediments from the Qaidam basin: Implication for no integral rotation since the Eocene and a rigid Qaidam block
Authors: Yu Xiangjiang , Fu Suotang , Guan Shuwei , Huang Baochun , Cheng Feng , Cheng Xiang , Zhang Tuo , Guo Zhaojie 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Qaidam basin is the largest topographic depression inside the Tibetan Plateau and it is a key factor to understanding the Cenozoic evolution of the northern Tibetan Plateau. Paleomagnetic data was obtained from the middle to late Eocene Xiaganchaigou Formation and the early to middle Miocene Xiayoushashan Formation from seven localities. The paleomagnetic results indicate that the Qaidam basin has not undergone obvious basin‐scale vertical axis rotation with respect to the Eurasia Plate since the Eocene. Local clockwise rotation took place only at a few special locations along the northern margin of the Qaidam basin. The uniform paleomagnetic results at different localities support that the Qaidam basin is a relatively rigid block. Regional paleomagnetic and geodetic observations also suggest that crust south of the Kunlun fault moves eastward faster than crust north of the Kunlun fault.
A uniformly processed data set of SKS shear wave splitting measurements: A global investigation of upper mantle anisotropy beneath seismic stations
Authors: Walpole J. , Wookey J. , Masters G. , Kendall J. M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAnisotropy in the Earth's upper mantle is a signature of past and present deformation. Here we present a new data set of ∼50,000 uniformly processed SKS shear wave splitting measurements that probe upper mantle anisotropy beneath seismic stations in the frequency band 0.02–0.1 Hz. The data set consists of measurements obtained at ∼2000 seismic stations from ∼2000 events. We identify several stations characterized by an apparent absence of shear wave splitting (so‐called “null stations”). Station‐averaged measurements are obtained by stacking shear wave splitting error surfaces. The stacked data set shows excellent agreement with a compilation of previous SKS measurements. The average amount of splitting beneath seismic stations (after error surface stacking) is 0.8 s, slightly lower than that found previously by vectorial averaging of non‐null measurement splitting parameters. The data set disagrees, however, with an azimuthally anisotropic surface wave tomography model (DKP2005), suggesting that caution should be exercised when using such models for geodynamic interpretation, especially in continental regions. Studying our data set in detail, we find evidence that flow in the asthenosphere exerts partial control over SKS splitting in orogenic regions globally. In the active orogenic environment of the western USA, where we have the densest coverage, our data suggest that shallow asthenospheric flow is guided by a wall of thick lithosphere to the east.
Retrieval (Sometimes) Enhances Learning: Performance Pressure Reduces the Benefits of Retrieval Practice
Authors: Hinze Scott R. , Rapp David N. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryAcademic testing has received substantial support as a useful educational activity with robust retention benefits, given that tests can promote retrieval practice. However, testing can also instantiate performance‐related pressure and anxiety that may misappropriate the resources responsible for producing learning benefits. The current project examined the effects of performance pressure on retrieval practice. In two experiments, we instantiated performance pressure with either high‐stakes or low‐stakes quizzes, and assessed memory and comprehension of content on both quizzes and final tests. Quiz performance was equivalent under high‐stakes and low‐stakes conditions, demonstrating that learners adapted to high‐pressure quizzes. However, final test performance was better after low‐stakes versus high‐stakes quizzes, and only low‐stakes quizzes led to a performance advantage over a rereading control group. Participants additionally exhibited some sensitivity to the difficulty of retrieving under pressure. These data highlight the benefits of retrieval practice but indicate that they can be disrupted under pressure‐driven conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What is in a Name: Drug Names Convey Implicit Information about Their Riskiness and Efficacy
Authors: Tasso Alessandra , Gavaruzzi Teresa , Lotto Lorella 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe present research provides empirical evidence that drug names may entail implicit promises about their therapeutic power. We asked people to evaluate the perceived efficacy and risk associated with hypothetical drug names and other secondary related measures. We compared opaque (without meaning), functional (targeting the health issue that the drug is meant to solve) and persuasive (targeting the expected outcome of the treatment) names. Persuasive names were perceived as more efficacious and less risky than both opaque and functional names, suggesting that names that target the expected outcome of the drug may bias the perception of risk and efficacy. Implications for health‐related communication are discussed in light of both the increasing use of over‐the‐counter drugs and the concern about people's low health literacy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Work‐related stress factors associated with problem drinking: A study of the Spanish working population
Authors: Colell Esther , Sánchez‐Niubò Albert , Benavides Fernando G. , Delclos George L. , Domingo‐Salvany Antònia 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundWorkers may drink to cope with stress or to overcome negative emotions arising from an aversive working context, but results of previous studies are inconclusive on the specific work features affecting alcohol use.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was designed with data on 13,005 working individuals from the Household Survey on Alcohol and Drugs in Spain (EDADES)‐2007. We examined the associations between two drinking patterns and four measures of work‐related stress factors.ResultsModerate and high levels of exposure to a noxious working environment (OR = 2.15 [95% CI = 1.51–3.06] and OR = 2.23 [95% CI = 1.49–3.36]) and a high level of lack of social support (OR = 1.62 [95% CI = 1.16–2.28]) were associated with heavy drinking, and precariousness with binge drinking for both moderate (OR = 1.22 [95% CI = 1.01–1.46]) and high (OR = 1.33 [95% CI = 1.04–1.70]) levels (OR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.04–1.40) in men. Significant associations among women were only found when stress factors were analyzed separately.ConclusionsPreventive practices in the workplace targeting alcohol abuse should consider specific production processes and organizational features. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:837–846, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.