bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Existence of low-velocity zones under the source areas of the 2004 Chuetsu and 2007 Chuetsu-oki earthquakes inferred from travel-time tomography
Authors: Nakajima Junichi , Hasegawa Akira 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTravel-time tomography reveals the presence of highly heterogeneous seismic velocity structures around the source areas of the 2004 Chuetsu and 2007 Chuetsu-oki earthquakes. A prominent low-velocity zone present below the Moho under the source areas of the two events is probably formed by fluids being conveyed through a small-scale upwelling in the mantle wedge. A low-velocity zone distributed in the lower crust below each source area is attributable to fluids supplied from the uppermost mantle to the source area. Since this region with these two source areas is exceptional in that the low-velocity zone is distributed in the uppermost mantle but no Quaternary volcanoes are formed at the surface, a relatively large amount of fluids may be stored below the source areas. These localized fluids may have reduced the strength in the lower crust as well as in the fault zones in the upper crust and, consequently, have promoted a brittle failure in the seismogenic layer. Relocated hypocenters of aftershocks of the two events become several kilometers shallower than the original locations determined by the Japan Meteorological Agency, suggesting the importance of using the three-dimensional velocity model in locating the hypocenter.
Coseismic displacement due to the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake detected by ALOS/PALSAR: preliminary results
Authors: Takada Youichiro , Kobayashi Tomokazu , Furuya Masato , Murakami Makoto 
Published: August 2014

AbstractApplying interferometric SAR (InSAR) analysis to the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake, we detected notable ground displacements of several tens of centimeters to about 1.2 m that extend further south of the epicentral area. We explained the InSAR data by constructing a fault model consisting of four WNW dipping and one ESE dipping reverse faults. The residuals between observed and modeled deformation are less than 6 cm in most of the area, which is comparable to the errors caused by atmospheric effect. To fill the lack of InSAR data in the hypocentral area, we applied a pixel matching technique to the intensity images, which shows a shortening in range offsets by as much as ∼2 m along a narrow zone stretching along the eastern foot of Mt. Kurikoma, indicating a localized uplift. We also found remarkable contrasts in the range offsets around the low coherence area equivalent to a very large displacement gradient to the WNW of the hypocentral area as well as ESE. We conclude that the main faulting occurred on the WNW dipping reverse faults, but that the overall geometry of the fault system is quite complex including at least one conjugate faulting, as also supported by the hypocentral distribution of aftershocks.
The spread F Experiment (SpreadFEx): Program overview and first results
Authors: Fritts D. C. , Abdu M. A. , Batista B. R. , Batista I. S. , Batista P. P. , Buriti R. , Clemesha B. R. , Dautermann T. , de Paula E. , Fechine B. J. , Fejer B. , Gobbi D. , Haase J. , Kamalabadi F. , Laughman B. , Lima L. M. , Liu H. -L. , Medeiros A. , Pautet P. -D. , Riggin D. M. , Sabbas F. São , Sobral J. H. A. , Stamus P. , Takahashi H. , Taylor M. J. , Vadas S. L. , Wrasse C. M. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We performed an extensive experimental campaign (the spread F Experiment, or SpreadFEx) from September to November 2005 to attempt to define the role of neutral atmosphere dynamics, specifically wave motions propagating upward from the lower atmosphere, in seeding equatorial spread F and plasma bubbles extending to higher altitudes. Campaign measurements focused on the Brazilian sector and included ground-based optical, radar, digisonde, and GPS measurements at a number of fixed and temporary sites. Related data on convection and plasma bubble structures were also collected by GOES 12 and the GUVI instrument aboard the TIMED satellite. Initial results of our analyses of SpreadFEx and related data indicate 1) extensive gravity wave (GW) activity apparently linked to deep convection predominantly to the west of our measurement sites, 2) the presence of small-scale GWactivity confined to lower altitudes, 3) larger-scaleGWactivity apparently penetrating to much higher altitudes suggested by electron density and TEC fluctuations in the E and F regions, 4) substantial GW amplitudes implied by digisonde electron densities, and 5) apparent direct links of these perturbations in the lower F region to spread F and plasma bubbles extending to much higher altitudes. Related efforts with correlative data are defining 6) the occurrence and locations of deep convection, 7) the spatial and temporal evolutions of plasma bubbles, the 8) 2D (height-resolved) structures of plasma bubbles, and 9) the expected propagation of GWs and tides from the lower atmosphere into the thermosphere and ionosphere.
Radar observations of the diurnal tide in the tropical mesosphere-lower thermosphere region: Longitudinal variabilities
Authors: Gurubaran S. , Rajaram R. , Nakamura T. , Tsuda T. , Riggin D. , Vincent R. A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Significant attention is being paid in recent times by several observational and modeling studies to quantify the spatial and temporal variabilities of diurnal tide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region. These variabilities are ascribed to spatial and temporal variations in the tidal forcing or interactions between the propagating tides and background wind, planetary waves or gravity waves. The present work makes use of simultaneous ground-based radar wind observations of different durations from five equatorial/low latitude sites in the Indian, Indonesian and Pacific sectors: Tirunelveli (8.7°N, 77.8°E), Jakarta (6.4°S, 106.7°E), Pontianak (0.03°N, 109°E), Kauai (22°N, 160°W) and Christmas Island (2°N, 157°W). This study delineates the longitudinal differences in the tidal characteristics in (i) interannual time scales over Tirunelveli and Kauai during 1993–2002, (ii) seasonal time scales over Christmas Island, Jakarta and Tirunelveli for the years 1993–1997 and (iii) shorter than seasonal time scales over Christmas Island, Pontianak and Tirunelveli during 1996–1997. An important observational feature noticed in this work is the differing behavior of the long-term tidal fields over Tirunelveli and Kauai. The monthly tidal amplitudes over Tirunelveli reveal a strong QBO signature whereas a similar, strong QBO signal could not be traced in the long-term observations from Kauai.
Validity on radar observation of middle- and upper-atmosphere dynamics
Authors: Kato Susumu 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Doppler radar observations have made a large contribution towards improving our understanding of middle- and upper-atmosphere dynamics. This radar echo is mainly due to radiowave scattering by atmospheric turbulence, which occurs almost universally throughout the atmosphere as a result of gravity wave (GW) breaking. In the strictness sense, the radar pulse is back-scattered by radio refractive index (RRI) perturbations caused by turbulence whose size along the radar beam is half of the radar wavelength. Understanding of the validity of the MST (mesosphere, stratosphere and troposphere)-radar observation requires a precise knowledge of how RRI perturbations are formed and behave. A basic property of the RRI of the atmosphere is that it has a static vertical gradient in terms of distribution and the turbulence velocity is divergence-free. The RRI depends on three atmospheric properties—humidity, air density and electron density. These three elements each have a static vertical gradient along which turbulence transports each element, hereby perturbing the density distribution of each element; that is to say, it produces the RRI irregularity for scattering the radar pulse. Since the turbulence motion and winds are divergence-free, PRI perturbation co-moves with the total air flow, i.e. turbulence motion plus winds. This can be true even in the mesosphere where the perturbation is controlled electromagnetically. Co-movement of turbulence with local winds has been shown from a comparison of observations with radars and radiosondes. In addition to tracking turbulence as wind-tracers, MST-radar observations provide important data in the study of atmosphere turbulence dynamics.
Co-seismic and post-seismic pore-fluid pressure changes in the Philippine Sea plate and Nankai decollement in response to a seismogenic strain event off Kii Peninsula, Japan
Authors: Davis Earl , Becker Keir , Wang Kelin , Kinoshita Masa 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNew pressure data from a pair of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) hydrologic borehole observatories at ODP Sites 1173 and 808, located off Japan in the subducting Philippine Sea plate and in the nearby Nankai accretionary prism, respectively, show clear signals associated with an earthquake swarm off the Kii Peninsula that began on September 5, 2004, roughly 220 km away from the observatory sites. At Site 1173, formation pressures rose by 1.0–1.5 kPa at the time of the largest earthquake (Mw= 7.5), then continued to rise to a total anomaly of 4 kPa during the following 200–300 days. These transients are inferred to reflect co-seismic and slow continuing volumetric contraction of the plate by amounts of roughly 0.2 × 10−6and 0.5 × 10−6, respectively. The sign of the estimated strain is consistent with that predicted with a seismic-moment-constrained elastic half-space dislocation model, but the amplitude is much larger, by roughly a factor of 6 at the time of the main earthquake, and by nearly a factor of 20 when the total pressure-estimated strain at the end of the post-seismic period is compared to that estimated from the total cumulative seismic moment including aftershocks. The simplest inference that can be drawn is that a large component of aseismic slip occurred in the epicentral area. At Site 808, pressure at the deepest monitoring zone just above the subduction decollement fell at the time of the largest earthquakes. This may reflect shear-induced dilatation which would be consistent with strain-or velocity-hardening behaviour along this seaward-most part of the subduction thrust interface.
Improved geoid model determination for Japan from GRACE and a regional gravity field model
Authors: Kuroishi Yuki 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A highly improved gravimetric geoid model for Japan, JGEOID2008, is developed on a 1×1.5 arc-minute grid by combining a GRACE (the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment)-based global geopotential model, GGM02C, surface (land and ship-borne) gravity measurements, and an altimetry-derived marine gravity model, KMS2002. In the combination, a semidiscrete two-dimensional wavelet analysis/reconstruction method is employed, selecting the spatial wavelength signals of the highest quality out of the respective data sets. Intercomparison with GPS/leveling geoid undulations shows substantial improvement of JGEOID2008 over the previous model, JGEOID2004, and reveals that the systematic errors at long wavelengths contained in JGEOID2004 have been effectively removed. Deviations of JGEOID2008 from the mean sea surface height at tidal stations on isolated islands were comparable to the differences in the sea surface dynamic heights (SSDH) in the Japan Sea, the Nansei Islands and the Izu Island chain from that in Tokyo Bay. The deviations show good agreement with SSDH features estimated from oceanographic observation, indicating that JGEOID2008 has an accuracy within 10 cm. The geoid model is strongly expected to serve as a reference in ocean dynamics studies.
Implementation of a non-oscillatory and conservative scheme into magnetohydrodynamic equations
Authors: Tanaka Shin , Umeda Takayuki , Matsumoto Yosuke , Miyoshi Takahiro , Ogino Tatsuki 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We present a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation technique with a new non-oscillatory and conservative interpolation scheme. Several high-resolution and stable numerical schemes have recently been proposed for solving the MHD equations. To apply the CIP scheme to the hydrodynamic equations, we need to add a certain diffusion term to suppress numerical oscillations at discontinuities. Although the TVD schemes can automatically avoid numerical oscillations, they are not appropriate for profiles with a local maximum or minimum, such as waves. To deal with the above problems, we implement a new non-oscillatory and conservative interpolation scheme in MHD simulations. Several numerical tests are carried out in order to compare our scheme with other recent high-resolution schemes. The numerical tests suggest that the present scheme can follow long-term evolution of both Alfvén waves and compressive shocks. The present scheme has been used for a numerical modeling of Alfvén waves in the solar wind, in which sinusoidal Alfvén waves decay into compressive sound waves that steepen into shocks.
Dependence of waveform of near-field coseismic ionospheric disturbances on focal mechanisms
Authors: Astafyeva Elvira , Heki Kosuke 
Published: August 2014

AbstractUsing Total Electron Content (TEC) measurements with Global Positioning System we studied ionospheric responses to three large earthquakes that occurred in the Kuril Arc on 04 October 1994, 15 November 2006, and 13 January 2007. These earthquakes have different focal mechanisms, i.e. high-angle reverse, low-angle reverse, and normal faulting, respectively. TEC responses to the 2006 and 2007 events initiated with positive and negative changes, respectively. On the other hand, the initial TEC changes in the 1994 earthquake showed both positive and negative polarities depending on the azimuth around the focal area. Such a variety may reflect differences in coseismic vertical crustal displacements, which are dominated by uplift and subsidence in the 2006 and 2007 events, respectively, but included both in the 1994 event.
Global deformation from the great 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake observed by GPS: Implications for rupture process and global reference frame
Authors: Kreemer Corné , Blewitt Geoffrey , Hammond William C. , Plag Hans-Peter 
Published: August 2014

AbstractStatic coseismic offsets > 1 mm are observed up to 7800 km away from the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 26 Dec. 2004 using global GPS network data. We investigate the rupture process based on far-field continuous GPS data. To reduce error in the coseismic offset estimates due to post-seismic deformation in the days following the main shock, we simultaneously fit a model of co- and postseismic offsets for nearby stations SAMP (500 km) and NTUS (900 km). The 3-month cumulative postseismic displacement for station SAMP amounts to 20% of the coseismic displacement, and can be well modeled by velocity-strengthening afterslip. We find that coseismic slip on the northern rupture segment is ∼3 m, which is consistent with seismic estimates. Our best estimate of the moment magnitude isMw= 9.13 if we take into account the expected increase of the shear modulus with depth (for uniform μ = 30 GPa, the moment-magnitude would only be 8.97). Our geodetic results, and thus our inferred rupture model, are different from a similar study using far-field data of Banerjeeet al.(2005). These differences highlight the challenge in earthquake studies on a global scale in terms of the sensitivity of far-field offset estimates to the analysis strategy and reference frame treatment. Our predicted coseismic offsets from this event are at least 1 mm across almost the entire globe. This warrants a reconsideration of how to maintain the global terrestrial reference frame affected by earthquakes ofMw> 9.0.
Ionospheric perturbations observed by the GPS following the December 26th, 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake
Authors: DasGupta Ashish , Das Aditi , Hui Debrup , Bandyopadhyay Kalyan Kumar , Sivaraman M. R. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Using the Total Electron Content (TEC) data recorded by the GPS receiver network, installed under the GPS and Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) program, ionospheric electron content on the day of the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of December 26, 2004 was examined. A significant perturbation of 1.5 to 2 TEC units over a smooth variation of TEC in the morning hours was observed within 45 minutes of the quake at stations situated near the east coast of the Indian subcontinent. The disturbance was found to propagate northwestward with its origin situated about 2° northeast of the quake epicenter. Possible coupling mechanism of the crustal movement and the ionosphere are discussed.
Rupture process of the 2004 great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake estimated from tsunami waveforms
Authors: Tanioka Yuichiro , Yudhicara  , Kususose Tomohiro , Kathiroli S. , Nishimura Yuichi , Iwasaki Sin-Iti , Satake Kenji 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Rupture process of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake is estimated using tsunami waveforms observed at tide gauges and the coseismic vertical deformation observed along the coast. The average rupture speed of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake is estimated to be 1.7 km/s from tsunami waveform analysis. The rupture extends about 1200 km toward north-northwest along the Andaman trough. The largest slip of 23 m is estimated on the plate interface off the northwest coast in the Aceh province in Sumatra. Another large slip of 21 m is also estimated on the plate interface beneath the north of Simeulue Island in Indonesia. The other large slip of 10–15 m is estimated on the plate interface near Little Andaman and Car Nicobar Inlands. The total seismic moment is calculated to be 7.2 × 1022 Nm (Mw 9.2) which is similar to the other studies using seismic waves (Park et al., 2005; Ammon et al., 2005).
The 2004 Indian tsunami in Thailand: Surveyed runup heights and tide gauge records
Authors: Tsuji Yoshinobu , Namegaya Yuichi , Matsumoto Hiroyuki , Iwasaki Sin-Iti , Kanbua Wattana , Sriwichai Mongkonkorn , Meesuk Vorawit 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Tsunami accompanied with the Sumatra earthquake of 26 December 2004 affected many countries around the Indian Ocean. Thailand located approximately 500 km east of its source, was also severely suffered from the tsunami. From 24 February through 4 March 2005, we surveyed the damaged areas in Thailand from south of Phuket Island up to the border of Myanmar including four islands. The whole coastal area facing the Andaman Sea could be covered. We measured 37 points in total, the tsunami heights are less than 10 m, except at a few locations. We found that the largest tsunami height reached up to 19.6 m at Ban Thung Dap of Phra Thong Island. During our survey, we also collected five paper copies of analog tide gauge records. In addition that we could detect two other tide gauge records from the web-site. Therefore, totally seven tide gauge records were obtained in Thailand. All of the recorded tsunami waveforms indicate that sea level initially withdrew with duration in 30 to 60 min, followed by the rising-up. This phenomenon corresponds to the eyewitnesses’ accounts of the survivors who experienced the tsunami.
Factors associated with severe deep neck space infections: Targeting multiple fronts
Authors: Barber Brittany R , Dziegielewski Peter T , Biron Vincent L , Ma Andrew , Seikaly Hadi 
Published: August 2014

Objectives To determine factors predictive of a severe deep neck space infection (DNSI), defined as those requiring surgery and/or postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission. To specifically examine dental practices and socioeconomic factors that may contribute to the development of a DNSI. Study design Retrospective review. Methods This study was conducted at 2 tertiary care academic referral centers from January 2007 to September 2011. The study was composed of 2 arms: a prospective questionnaire and data collection to identify modifiable risk factors such as dental practices and socioeconomic considerations for a DNSI, and a retrospective review of deep neck space infections to identify commonly associated risk factors predictive of a severe DNSI, requiring surgery and/or postoperative ICU admission. Results 233 patients were reviewed retrospectively and 25 patients prospectively. Patients with a low level of education (p = 0.03), those living greater than 1 hour from a tertiary care center (p = 0.002), those that have tonsils (p = 0.03), and those with Streptococcus infections (p = 0.03) have an increase risk of developing a severe DNSI. Patients that were smokers (p = 0.02) or had diabetes (p = 0.02), and those that presented with airway compromise (p = 0.03) were more likely to have a prolonged hospital stay. Conclusions Factors predictive of severe DNSIs are Streptococcus infections, the presence of tonsils, education level, and geographic location.
Konfliktmanagement für Führungskräfte – von der täglichen Führungsarbeit zum System
Authors: Hennecke Joachim 
Published: August 2014

Zusammenfassung:
Konfliktmanagement bietet mehr als Tools für die Schlichtung von Streitigkeiten im bibliothekarischen Alltag. Dies konnten die Teilnehmer eines von der dbv/vdb-Managementkommission veranstalteten Workshops anhand unterschiedlicher Konflikttypen, der Abwägung zwischen funktionalen und dysfunktionalen Konflikten, der verschiedenen Rollen von Führungskräften im Mediationsprozess sowie der systemkritischen Bedeutung von Konfliktmanagement im Rahmen der Gesamtorganisation mit Mediationsprofis der KPMG Deutschland diskutieren.
Fachwirtfortbildung für Bibliotheksbeschäftigte
Authors: Holste-Flinspach Karin 
Published: August 2014

Zusammenfassung:
Im Jahr 2014 werden sowohl in Nordrhein-Westfalen als auch in Hessen Beschäftigten im Bereich Archiv-Bibliothek-Dokumentation Fortbildungsangebote zur Vorbereitung auf den Abschluss als Geprüfter Fachwirt für (Medien- und) Informationsdienste angeboten und bereits seit 2011 sind die ersten Fachwirte in unserem Berufsumfeld auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. Somit besteht für Fachangestellte für Medien- und Informationsdienste eine inzwischen auch in der Berufsöffentlichkeit anerkannte Möglichkeit, berufsbegleitend und ohne Hochschulzugangsberechtigung einen qualifizierten Weiterbildungsabschluss zu erwerben.