bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring cardiac motion in CT using a continuous wave radar embedded in the patient table
Authors: Pfanner Florian , Allmendinger Thomas , Bohn Birgit , Flohr Thomas , Kachelrieß Marc 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:To avoid motion artifacts, medical imaging devices are often synchronized with the patient's cardiac motion. Today, the ECG is used to determine the heartbeat and therewith trigger the imaging device. However, the ECG requires additional effort to prepare the patient, e.g., mount and wire electrodes and it is not able to determine the motion of the heart. An interesting alternative to assess the cardiac motion is continuous wave radar. The aim of this work is to evaluate such a radar system focusing on measuring the cardiac motion.Methods:A radar system operating in the 860 MHz band is used. In the intended application of the radar system, the antennas are located close to the patient's body, for example, inside the table of a CT system. The radar waves propagate into the patient's body and are reflected at tissue boundaries, for example, at the borderline between muscle and adipose tissue, or at the boundaries of organs. Here, the authors focus on the detection of cardiac motion. The radar system consists of hardware as well as of dedicated signal processing software to extract the desired information from the radar signals. The radar system hardware and the signal processing algorithms were tested with data from ten volunteers. As a reference, the ECG was recorded simultaneously with the radar measurements. Additionally, ultrasound measurements are performed and compared with the motion information from the radar data.Results:According to the authors’ measurements on volunteers (test persons), the heartbeat and heart rate can be detected well using the proposed radar system. The authors were further able to extract the amplitude and phase of the heart motion itself from the radar data. This was confirmed by the ultrasound measurements. However, this motion assessment is dependent on the antenna position and it remains unclear which antenna sees the motion that is the most relevant to CT imaging.Conclusions:A continuous wave radar operating in the near field of the antennas can be used to determine the heartbeat and the cardiac motion of humans without special patient preparation. The authors’ radar system is very close to the patient because it is embedded in the patient table, but it has no direct contact to the patient or to the patient skin (as it would be necessary to acquire the ECG of the patient). Therefore, radar motion monitoring does not require special patient preparation. In contrast to other methods used today, this is a significant improvement. The authors’ radar system may allow to trigger a CT scan in dependency of the cardiac phase, without requiring an ECG, and it allows to determine quiet, and thus favorable, heart phases prior to the scan start.
Drug Target Identification Using a Trypanosome Overexpression Library
Authors: Begolo Daniela , Erben Esteban , Clayton Christine 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Elucidation of molecular targets is very important for lead optimization during the drug development process. We describe a direct method to find targets of antitrypanosomal compounds against
Trypanosoma brucei
using a trypanosome overexpression library. As proof of concept, we treated the library with difluoromethylornithine and DDD85646 and identified their respective targets, ornithine decarboxylase and
N
-myristoyltransferase. The overexpression library could be a useful tool to study the modes of action of novel antitrypanosomal drug candidates.
Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide Weakly Activates M1 and M2 Polarized Mouse Macrophages but Induces Inflammatory Cytokines
Authors: Holden James A. , Attard Troy J. , Laughton Katrina M. , Mansell Ashley , O'Brien-Simpson Neil M. , Reynolds Eric C. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Porphyromonas gingivalis
is associated with chronic periodontitis, an inflammatory disease of the tooth's supporting tissues. Macrophages are important in chronic inflammatory conditions, infiltrating tissue and becoming polarized to an M1 or M2 phenotype. As responses to stimuli differ between these phenotypes, we investigated the effect of
P. gingivalis
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on M1 and M2 macrophages. M1 and M2 polarized macrophages were produced from murine bone marrow macrophages (BMMϕ) primed with gamma interferon (IFN-γ) or interleukin-4 (IL-4), respectively, and incubated with a low or high dose of
P. gingivalis
LPS or control TLR2 and TLR4 ligands. In M1-Mϕ, the high dose of
P. gingivalis
LPS (10 μg/ml) significantly increased the expression of CD40, CD86, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitric oxide secretion. The low dose of
P. gingivalis
LPS (10 ng/ml) did not induce costimulatory or antibacterial molecules but did increase the secretion of IL-1α, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).
P. gingivalis
LPS marginally increased the expression of CD206 and YM-1, but it did enhance arginase expression by M2-Mϕ. Furthermore, the secretion of the chemokines KC, RANTES, eotaxin, and MCP-1 from M1, M2, and nonpolarized Mϕ was enhanced by
P. gingivalis
LPS. TLR2/4 knockout macrophages combined with the TLR activation assays indicated that TLR2 is the main activating receptor for
P. gingivalis
LPS and whole cells. In conclusion, although
P. gingivalis
LPS weakly activated M1-Mϕ or M2-Mϕ compared to control TLR ligands, it induced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, particularly TNF-α from M1-Mϕ and IL-10 from M2-Mϕ, as well as chemotactic chemokines from polarized macrophages.
sIL7R concentrations in the serum reflect disease activity in the lupus kidney
Authors: Lauwerys B R , Husson S Nieuwland , Maudoux A L , Badot V , Houssiau F A 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesEvaluation of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) nephritis is a challenge, and repeated renal biopsies are usually needed in order to confirm a suspicion of flare. In a previous cross-sectional study, we reported that serum soluble form of the interleukin-7 receptor (sIL7R) levels is strongly associated with nephritis in SLE patients. In the present study, we wanted to confirm the association between changes in serum sIL7R concentrations and renal disease activity in a large longitudinal cohort of SLE nephritis patients.MethodsSera were harvested longitudinally in 105 SLE nephritis patients. Serum sIL7R cut-off value for the detection of SLE nephritis activity was determined as the mean sIL7R concentration in non-nephritis SLE patients + 2 SDs using data collected in our previous study. Patients with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2(n=17) were excluded from the study due to persistently elevated serum sIL7R values.ResultsSerum sIL7R concentrations above the renal cut-off value were observed in 25 (out of 88) patients with a normal GFR. These patients had significantly higher serum double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) Ab and urinary protein to creatinine (UPC) ratio. Strikingly, 12 of them developed a renal British Isles Lupus Assessment Group index (BILAG) A within the next 3 months, while this was only the case in four out of the 63 other patients (p<0.0001). The test had 75.0% sensitivity and 81.9% specificity for the detection of a renal BILAG A. Combination of serum sIL7R with any of the classical tests (anti-dsDNA Ab titres, UPC ratio, serum C3) resulted in an increased specificity for the detection of a renal flare. Administration of immunosuppressive therapy resulted in a significant decrease in serum sIL7R concentrations.ConclusionsSerum sIL7R is a sensitive and specific marker of renal disease activity in SLE. Elevated serum sIL7R values in SLE patients are associated with or predict the occurrence of an SLE nephritis flare.
The new features of Fortran 2008
Authors: Reid John 
Published: July 2014

The aim of this paper is to summarize the new features of the Fortran 2008 standard (ISO/IEC 2010). We take as our starting point Fortran 2003 (ISO/IEC 2004). An official extension for enhanced module facilities was published as a Type 2 Technical Report (ISO/IEC 2005) and WG5 was committed to include this in Fortran 2008. For an informal description of Fortran 2003, the enhanced module facilities, and the new features of Fortran 2008, see Metcalf, Reid, and Cohen (2011). The major extension consists of coarrays for parallel computing. Since the author has already summarized coarrays in another WG5 paper (Reid 2010), we refer the reader to this for details.
This article is not an official document and has not been approved by PL22.3 (formerly J3) or WG5.
Multi-Index Rain Detection: A New Approach for Regional Rain Area Detection from Remotely Sensed Data
Authors: Upadhyaya Shruti , Ramsankaran R. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this article, a new approach called Multi-Index Rain Detection (MIRD) is suggested for regional rain area detection and was tested for India using Kalpana-1 satellite data. The approach was developed based on the following hypothesis: better results should be obtained for combined indices than an individual index. Different combinations (scenarios) were developed by combining six commonly used rain detection indices using AND and OR logical connectives. For the study region, an optimal rain area detection scenario and optimal threshold values of the indices were found through a statistical multi-decision-making technique called the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The TOPSIS analysis was carried out based on independent categorical statistics like probability of detection, probability of no detection, and Heidke skill score. It is noteworthy that for the first time in literature, an attempt has been made (through sensitivity analysis) to understand the influence of the proportion of rain/no-rain pixels in the calibration/validation dataset on a few commonly used statistics. Thus, the obtained results have been used to identify the above-mentioned independent categorical statistics. Based on the results obtained and the validation carried out with different independent datasets, scenario 8 (TIRt &lt; 260 K and TIRt − WVt &lt; 19 K, where TIRt and WVt are the brightness temperatures from thermal IR and water vapor, respectively) is found to be an optimal rain detection index. The obtained results also indicate that the texture-based indices [standard deviation and mean of 5 × 5 pixels at time t (mean5)] did not perform well, perhaps because of the coarse resolution of Kalpana-1 data. It is also to be noted that scenario 8 performs much better than the Roca method used in the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) Multispectral Rainfall Algorithm (IMSRA) developed for India.
Evaluation and Management of Patellar Instability in Pediatric and Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Khormaee Sariah , Kramer Dennis E. , Yen Yi-Meng , Heyworth Benton E. 
Published: July 2014

Context: The rising popularity and intensity of youth sports has increased the incidence of patellar dislocation. These sports-related injuries may be associated with significant morbidity in the pediatric population. Treatment requires understanding and attention to the unique challenges in the skeletally immature patient. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed searches spanning 1970-2013. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Results: Although nonoperative approaches are most often suitable for first-time patellar dislocations, surgical treatment is recommended for acute fixation of displaced osteochondral fractures sustained during primary instability and for patellar realignment in the setting of recurrent instability. While a variety of procedures can prevent recurrence, the risk of complications is not minimal. Conclusion: Patellar stabilization and realignment procedures in skeletally immature patients with recurrent patellar dislocation can effectively treat patellar instability without untoward effects on growth if careful surgical planning incorporates protection of growth parameters in the skeletally immature athlete.
Diagnosing Femoroacetabular Impingement From Plain Radiographs
Authors: Ayeni Olufemi R. , Chan Kevin , Whelan Daniel B. , Gandhi Rajiv , Williams Dale , Harish Srinivasan , Choudur Hema , Chiavaras Mary M. , Karlsson Jon , Bhandari Mohit 
Published: July 2014

Background: A diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) requires careful history and physical examination, as well as an accurate and reliable radiologic evaluation using plain radiographs as a screening modality. Radiographic markers in the diagnosis of FAI are numerous and not fully validated. In particular, reliability in their assessment across health care providers is unclear. Purpose: To determine inter- and intraobserver reliability between orthopaedic surgeons and musculoskeletal radiologists. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Six physicians (3 orthopaedic surgeons, 3 musculoskeletal radiologists) independently evaluated a broad spectrum of FAI pathologies across 51 hip radiographs on 2 occasions separated by at least 4 weeks. Reviewers used 8 common criteria to diagnose FAI, including (1) pistol-grip deformity, (2) size of alpha angle, (3) femoral head-neck offset, (4) posterior wall sign abnormality, (5) ischial spine sign abnormality, (6) coxa profunda abnormality, (7) crossover sign abnormality, and (8) acetabular protrusion. Agreement was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: When establishing an FAI diagnosis, there was poor interobserver reliability between the surgeons and radiologists (ICC batch 1 = 0.33; ICC batch 2 = 0.15). In contrast, there was higher interobserver reliability within each specialty, ranging from fair to good (surgeons: ICC batch 1 = 0.72; ICC batch 2 = 0.70 vs radiologists: ICC batch 1 = 0.59; ICC batch 2 = 0.74). Orthopaedic surgeons had the highest interobserver reliability when identifying pistol-grip deformities (ICC = 0.81) or abnormal alpha angles (ICC = 0.81). Similarly, radiologists had the highest agreement for detecting pistol-grip deformities (ICC = 0.75). Conclusion: These results suggest that surgeons and radiologists agree among themselves, but there is a need to improve the reliability of radiographic interpretations for FAI between the 2 specialties. The observed degree of low reliability may ultimately lead to missed, delayed, or inappropriate treatments for patients with symptomatic FAI.
Ad hoc signage in a new hospital- a useful social tool and cognitive artifact
Authors: Nunnally Mark E. , Bitan Yuval 
Published: July 2014

Introduction: High-stakes industries, such as healthcare, are complex systems prone to influence by various constraining factors. Expert practitioners in these domains work at the “sharp end” of these constraints and must reconcile limitations in the context of operations. When a major constraining factor is changed abruptly, it can induce a rapid sequence of adaptations. We observed the cognitive artifacts of post hoc signage, posted inside the space of the operating rooms of a new hospital facility, to help identify the way clinicians adapt to a new physical plant. Methods: In the first six months of operation of a new hospital facility, a clinician (MN) photographed signage posted on the operatory floor of the hospital. The photographs were classified into general categories to uncover the sorts of adaptive behaviors they represented. Results: We identified 28 signs that fit into four categories: way finding (7); appropriation and item localization (6); equipment activation, instruction and upkeep (9); and malfunction or breakage (6). Way finding and equipment activation, instruction and upkeep signs appeared earlier, and malfunction signs appeared later over the course of observation. Discussion: The physical layout of a building is a concrete example of operational constraints influencing clinical behavior (“sharp end”). Clinicians adapt to several needs when faced with a new workspace. Way finding and operational instructions are important components of this adaptation, but so too is resource appropriation. Physical failings of equipment become evident during operations, and the signage suggests that communicating these failures visually is important. The signs show the way clinicians adapt to constraints, effectively documenting the deficiencies in the interface between the physical structure and the people who work there. They are useful to direct research into new, helpful signage and also to signal the “brittle” aspects of the workplace. They should be celebrated as opportunities for improvement.
Invariant NKT cells with chimeric antigen receptor provide a novel platform for safe and effective cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Heczey Andras , Liu Daofeng , Tian Gengwen , Courtney Amy N. , Wei Jie , Marinova Ekaterina , Gao Xiuhua , Guo Linjie , Yvon Eric , Hicks John , Liu Hao , Dotti Gianpietro , Metelitsa Leonid S. 
Published: July 2014

Key Points
GD2-specific CAR renders NKT cells cytotoxic against NB cells and results in potent in vivo antitumor activity without graft-versus-host disease. The 4-1BB-containing CAR constructs induce T helper 1–like polarization in NKT cells.
Metric fixed point theory for nonexpansive mappings defined on unbounded sets
Authors: Alghamdi Maryam A , Kirk William A , Shahzad Naseer 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
It is standard practice in metric fixed point theory to reduce fixed point questions for mappings defined on unbounded sets to the bounded case. Many of these results are couched in a Banach space framework and involve bounded orbits. We examine these results in a somewhat broader metric context here.

MSC:54H25, 47H09.
The Canadian Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome (CHILDNEPH) Project: Overview of Design and Methods
Authors: Samuel Susan , Scott Shannon , Morgan Catherine , Dart Allison , Mammen Cherry , Parekh Rulan , Nettel-Aguirre Alberto , Eddy Allison , Flynn Rachel , Pinsk Maury , Wade Andrew , Arora Steven , Benoit Geneviève , Bitzan Martin , Erickson Robin , Feber Janusz , Filler Guido , Geier Pavel , Girardin Colette , Grisaru Silviu , Tee James , Kemp Kyle , Zappitelli Michael 
Published: July 2014

Background: Nephrotic syndrome is a commonly acquired kidney disease in children that causes significant morbidity due to recurrent episodes of heavy proteinuria. The management of childhood nephrotic syndrome is known to be highly variable among physicians and care centres. Objectives: The primary objective of the study is to determine centre-, physician-, and patient-level characteristics associated with steroid exposure and length of steroid treatment. We will also determine the association of dose and duration of steroid treatment and time to first relapse as a secondary aim. An embedded qualitative study utilizing focus groups with health care providers will enrich the quantitative results by providing an understanding of the attitudes, beliefs and local contextual factors driving variation in care. Design: Mixed-methods study; prospective observational cohort (quantitative component), with additional semi-structured focus groups of healthcare professionals (qualitative component). Setting: National study, comprised of all 13 Canadian pediatric nephrology clinics. Patients: 400 patients under 18 years of age to be recruited over 2.5 years. Measurements: Steroid doses for all episodes (first presentation, first and subsequent relapses) tracked over course of the study. Physician and centre-level characteristics catalogued, with reasons for treatment preferences documented during focus groups. Methods: All patients tracked prospectively over the course of the study, with data comprising a prospective registry. One focus group at each site to enrich understanding of variation in care. Limitations: Contamination of treatment protocols between physicians may occur as a result of concurrent focus groups. Conclusions: Quantitative and qualitative results will be integrated at end of study and will collectively inform strategies for the development and implementation of standardized evidence-based protocols across centres.
Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Natsheh Ayman , Vidberg Michal , Friedmann Reuven , Ben-Chetrit Eli , Yinnon Amos M , Zevin Shoshana 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Introduction
In the pre-antibiotic era up 10% of cases of infective endocarditis were due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, but this association is currently exceedingly rare.

Case description
Since 1997 we have diagnosed three patients, all aged >70, with endocarditis due to S. pneumoniae. One of these three cases involved a prosthetic valve, another a prosthetic ring. All three patients completely recovered with antibiotic treatment only.

Discussion and evaluation
During the same period there were 1694 cases of pneumococcal bacteremia, of whom 395 (23%) after age 70. Therefore, after age 70 the prevalence of endocarditis out of all cases of pneumococcal bacteremia was 0.7%. A literature review detected another 16 cases of pneumococcal PVE. The mean age of these 17 patients was 64±14; 10 were female and 7 male. In most instances, symptom duration was short, < 6 days. Valve surgery was performed in 5 cases (29%) and 13 patients (76%) survived.

Conclusions
Endocarditis due to S. pneumoniae is rare in the antibiotic era; even in patients with prosthetic valves its course is evidently not more virulent than with other low-virulent organisms.
Re-contacting participants for inclusion in the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP): Findings from three case-control studies of lung cancer
Authors: Cote Michele L , Harrison M Jay , Wenzlaff Angela S , Schwartz Ann G 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Background
Since January 2008, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has required that all investigators who receive NIH support submit de-identified high-throughput genomic data to the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP). The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of re-consenting participants from three inactive studies, conducted from 2000 through 2009, to submit their data to dbGaP.

Methods
Participants were those enrolled in one of three prior population-based case-control studies of lung cancer who had given a DNA sample. Consent to release de-identified data to dbGaP took place via mailed forms and follow-up phone calls. Chi-squared tests were used to examine differences in re-contact and consent proportions between groups.

Results
A total of 2,471 participants were initially eligible for re-contact. Six hundred and thirty-eight participants were found to be deceased (n = 627) or did not give permission to re-contact (n = 11). Of the 1,833 remaining participants, 42.3% provided written consent, 37.0% could not be located, 13.7% verbally agreed to have their data released but never returned written consent, 5.3% refused, and 1.6% were too ill at the time of contact. There were significant differences in ability to locate participants by age, race, gender, and case-control status; however, once located, there were no differences in re-consent rates.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that while most previous study participants agreed to release data, a small proportion are opposed to submitting their data to dbGaP. In addition, it demonstrates the difficulty studies based on existing samples may have in locating inactive participants for re-consent.