bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood folate concentrations among women of childbearing age by race/ethnicity and acculturation,NHANES2001–2010
Authors: Marchetta Claire M. , Hamner Heather C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHispanic women have higher rates of neural tube defects and report lower total folic acid intakes than non‐Hispanic white (NHW) women. Total folic acid intake, which is associated with neural tube defect risk reduction, has been found to vary by acculturation factors (i.e. language preference, country of origin, or time spent in theUnitedStates) amongHispanic women. It is unknown whether this same association is present for blood folate status. The objective of this research was to assess the differences in serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations betweenNHWwomen andMexicanAmerican (MA) women and amongMAwomen by acculturation factors. Cross‐sectional data from the 2001–2010NationalHealth andNutritionExaminationSurvey (NHANES) were used to investigate how blood folate concentrations differ amongNHWorMAwomen of childbearing age. The impact of folic acid supplement use on blood folate concentrations was also examined.MAwomen with lower acculturation factors had lower serum andRBCfolate concentrations compared withNHWwomen and to their more acculturatedMAcounterparts. Consuming a folic acid supplement can minimize these disparities, butMAwomen, especially lower acculturatedMAwomen, were less likely to report using supplements. Public health efforts to increase blood folate concentrations amongMAwomen should consider acculturation factors when identifying appropriate interventions.
Climatic adaptation and ecological divergence between two closely related pine species in Southeast China
Authors: Zhou Yongfeng , Zhang Lirui , Liu Jianquan , Wu Guili , Savolainen Outi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractClimate is one of the most important drivers for adaptive evolution in forest trees. Climatic selection contributes greatly to local adaptation and intraspecific differentiation, but this kind of selection could also have promoted interspecific divergence through ecological speciation. To test this hypothesis, we examined intra‐ and interspecific genetic variation at 25 climate‐related candidate genes and 12 reference loci in two closely related pine species, Pinus massoniana Lamb. and Pinus hwangshanensis Hisa, using population genetic and landscape genetic approaches. These two species occur in Southeast China but have contrasting ecological preferences in terms of several environmental variables, notably altitude, although hybrids form where their distributions overlap. One or more robust tests detected signals of recent and/or ancient selection at two‐thirds (17) of the 25 candidate genes, at varying evolutionary timescales, but only three of the 12 reference loci. The signals of recent selection were species specific, but signals of ancient selection were mostly shared by the two species likely because of the shared evolutionary history. FST outlier analysis identified six SNPs in five climate‐related candidate genes under divergent selection between the two species. In addition, a total of 24 candidate SNPs representing nine candidate genes showed significant correlation with altitudinal divergence in the two species based on the covariance matrix of population history derived from reference SNPs. Genetic differentiation between these two species was higher at the candidate genes than at the reference loci. Moreover, analysis using the isolation‐with‐migration model indicated that gene flow between the species has been more restricted for climate‐related candidate genes than the reference loci, in both directions. Taken together, our results suggest that species‐specific and divergent climatic selection at the candidate genes might have counteracted interspecific gene flow and played a key role in the ecological divergence of these two closely related pine species.
Nicotine withdrawal and stress‐induced changes in pain sensitivity: A cross‐sectional investigation between abstinent smokers and nonsmokers
Authors: Nakajima Motohiro , Al'Absi Mustafa 
Published: June 2014

AbstractChronic smoking has been linked with alterations in endogenous pain regulation. These alterations may be pronounced when individuals quit smoking because nicotine withdrawal produces a variety of psychological and physiological symptoms. Smokers interested in quitting (n = 98) and nonsmokers (n = 37) completed a laboratory session including cold pressor test (CPT) and heat thermal pain. Smokers set a quit date and completed the session after 48 h of abstinence. Participants completed the pain assessments once after rest and once after stress. Cardiovascular and nicotine withdrawal measures were collected. Smokers showed blunted cardiovascular responses to stress relative to nonsmokers. Only nonsmokers had greater pain tolerance to CPT after stress than after rest. Lower systolic blood pressure was related to lower pain tolerance. These findings suggest that smoking withdrawal is associated with blunted stress response and increased pain sensitivity.
Fibrotic airway stenosis following radiotherapy in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Eom Jung Seop , Kim BoKyong , Kim Hojoong , Jeon Kyeongman , Um Sang‐Won , Koh Won‐Jung , Suh Gee Young , Chung Man Pyo , Kwon O Jung 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveRadiotherapy is usually administered to the central airway in patients with unresectable adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). The purpose of this study was to describe the outcomes of endobronchial intervention in patients with airway stenosis following radiotherapy for ACC. Moreover, we investigated the incidence and contributing factors for airway stenosis following radiotherapy for ACC.MethodsForty‐seven patients with ACC, who underwent radiotherapy of the tracheobronchial tree from January 1995 to December 2011, were reviewed retrospectively. Fibrotic airway stenoses were diagnosed using three‐dimensional computed tomography, flexible bronchoscopy or both.ResultsEleven (23%) of the 47 patients with ACC suffered fibrotic airway stenosis following radiotherapy and received bronchoscopic intervention. The median interval from radiotherapy to diagnosis of fibrotic airway stenosis was 7 months. Low forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity and brachytherapy were verified as factors contributing to radiotherapy‐induced airway stenosis. Bronchoscopic intervention provided both symptomatic relief and improvement of lung function, and no procedure‐related death or major complication was observed. Insertion of a straight silicone stent was required in 10 patients (91%), and 4 (36%) eventually received Y‐shaped silicone stents. The stents, once implanted, could not be removed in any of the patients; stents were well‐tolerated for a prolonged period in all patients.ConclusionsFibrotic airway stenosis following radiotherapy in patients with ACC is often found. Bronchoscopic intervention, including silicone airway stenting, was a safe and useful method for treating radiotherapy‐induced fibrotic airway stenosis in patients with ACC.
Development of microbial carbonates in the Lower Cretaceous Codó Formation (north‐east Brazil): Implications for interpretation of microbialite facies associations and palaeoenvironmental conditions
Authors: Bahniuk Anelize M. , Anjos Sylvia , França Almério B. , Matsuda Nilo , Eiler John , Mckenzie Judith A. , Vasconcelos Crisogono 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe study of microbial carbonates has acquired new significance with the recognition that they retain valuable information related to biomineralization processes associated with microbial activity throughout geological time. Additionally, microbialites have a demonstrated economic potential to serve as excellent hydrocarbon reservoirs. The Lower Cretaceous Codó Formation, located in the Parnaiba Basin of north‐east Brazil, comprises a unique stratigraphic sequence of up to 20 m thick, well‐preserved carbonate microbialites. Deposited in a continental basin during the initial break up and separation of South America from Africa in the Early Cretaceous, this lacustrine carbonate sequence provides an excellent example to investigate the palaeoenvironmental conditions controlling microbialite facies development. Based on macroscopic and microscopic observations of outcrop and drill core samples, four microbialite facies (stromatolite, lamina, massive and spherulite) were defined and distinguished by textures and microbial fossil content. Changes in facies type are related to alternating palaeo‐water depths, as reflected by 87Sr/86Sr cycles resulting from fluctuations in the sources of meteoric water. Clumped isotope measurements of stromatolitic fabrics yield precipitation palaeo‐temperatures with an average value of 35°C. The δ18O values of bulk carbonate (−6·8 to −1·5‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite) imply precipitation from water with calculated δ18O values between −1·6‰ and 1·8‰ Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water, reflecting precipitation from variably modified meteoric waters. The δ13C values of bulk carbonate (−15·5 to −7·2‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite) indicate a significant input of carbon derived from aerobic or anaerobic respiration of organic matter. Combined, the data indicate that the evolution of the Codó Formation occurred in a closed lacustrine palaeoenvironment with alternating episodes of contracting and expanding lake levels, which led to the development of specific microbialite facies associations. The results provide new insights into palaeoenvironmental settings, biogenicity and early diagenetic processes involved in the formation of ancient carbonate microbialites and, by extension, improve the knowledge of the reservoir geology of correlative units in deep waters offshore Brazil.
A large‐scale molecular phylogeny of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
Authors: PIWCZYŃSKI MARCIN , SZPILA KRZYSZTOF , GRZYWACZ ANDRZEJ , PAPE THOMAS 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe available data for Sarcophagidae in GenBank were analysed in order to reconstruct the most comprehensive phylogeny to date. GenBank was explored for nine markers that are commonly used in various molecular and phylogenetic studies of flesh flies. We obtained data for 187 species and constructed an aligned dataset with 9241 characters. However, the matrix suffered from 74% missing data due to a low number of sequences for some markers and in most of the cases only short fragments of the analysed genes were available. The reconstructed tree was taxonomically biased towards the subfamilies Paramacronychiinae (12% of the described species) and Sarcophaginae (8.6% of the described species) and specifically the genus Sarcophaga. The third subfamily Miltogramminae was represented by only 0.7% of described species. Moreover, about half of the included species were of forensic importance, while the percentage of such species in the entire family was estimated at 7%. Many nodes had very low support, so in order to increase the support and thereby identify a ‘core topology’, we pruned ‘rogue’ taxa and applied different substitution models. Both strategies improved support considerably, although some nodes still were left unresolved. An analysis of the distribution of bootstrap values across chronograms showed that the weakest phylogenetic signal is restricted to that part of the tree which coincides with the onset of rapid radiations mainly within the genus Sarcophaga. Our study is concordant with phylogenies obtained by other authors, with the most noteworthy exception being the subfamily Paramacronychiinae emerging as paraphyletic with regard to the Miltogramminae, which is in strong conflict with morphological evidence. We discuss the new findings in the light of traditional taxonomical classifications of Sarcophagidae and recent molecular studies.
The ITALK Project: A Developmental Robotics Approach to the Study of Individual, Social, and Linguistic Learning
Authors: Broz Frank , Nehaniv Chrystopher L. , Belpaeme Tony , Bisio Ambra , Dautenhahn Kerstin , Fadiga Luciano , Ferrauto Tomassino , Fischer Kerstin , Förster Frank , Gigliotta Onofrio , Griffiths Sascha , Lehmann Hagen , Lohan Katrin S. , Lyon Caroline , Marocco Davide , Massera Gianluca , Metta Giorgio , Mohan Vishwanathan , Morse Anthony , Nolfi Stefano , Nori Francesco , Peniak Martin , Pitsch Karola , Rohlfing Katharina J. , Sagerer Gerhard , Sato Yo , Saunders Joe , Schillingmann Lars , Sciutti Alessandra , Tikhanoff Vadim , Wrede Britta , Zeschel Arne , Cangelosi Angelo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article presents results from a multidisciplinary research project on the integration and transfer of language knowledge into robots as an empirical paradigm for the study of language development in both humans and humanoid robots. Within the framework of human linguistic and cognitive development, we focus on how three central types of learning interact and co‐develop: individual learning about one's own embodiment and the environment, social learning (learning from others), and learning of linguistic capability. Our primary concern is how these capabilities can scaffold each other's development in a continuous feedback cycle as their interactions yield increasingly sophisticated competencies in the agent's capacity to interact with others and manipulate its world. Experimental results are summarized in relation to milestones in human linguistic and cognitive development and show that the mutual scaffolding of social learning, individual learning, and linguistic capabilities creates the context, conditions, and requisites for learning in each domain. Challenges and insights identified as a result of this research program are discussed with regard to possible and actual contributions to cognitive science and language ontogeny. In conclusion, directions for future work are suggested that continue to develop this approach toward an integrated framework for understanding these mutually scaffolding processes as a basis for language development in humans and robots.
Arabidopsis ZDP DNA 3′‐phosphatase and ARP endonuclease function in 8‐oxoG repair initiated by FPG and OGG1 DNA glycosylases
Authors: Córdoba‐Cañero Dolores , Roldán‐Arjona Teresa , Ariza Rafael R. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryOxidation of guanine in DNA generates 7,8‐dihydro‐8‐oxoguanine (8‐oxoG), an ubiquitous lesion with mutagenic properties. 8‐oxoG is primarily removed by DNA glycosylases distributed in two families, typified by bacterial Fpg proteins and eukaryotic Ogg1 proteins. Interestingly, plants possess both Fpg and Ogg1 homologs but their relative contributions to 8‐oxoG repair remain uncertain. In this work we used Arabidopsis cell‐free extracts to monitor 8‐oxoG repair in wild‐type and mutant plants. We found that both FPG and OGG1 catalyze excision of 8‐oxoG in Arabidopsis cell extracts by a DNA glycosylase/lyase mechanism, and generate repair intermediates with blocked 3′‐termini. An increase in oxidative damage is detected in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from double fpg ogg1 mutants, but not in single mutants, which suggests that a single deficiency in one of these DNA glycosylases may be compensated by the other. We also found that the DNA 3′‐phosphatase ZDP (zinc finger DNA 3′‐phosphoesterase) and the AP(apurinic/apyirmidinic) endonuclease ARP(apurinic endonuclease redox protein) are required in the 8‐oxoG repair pathway to process the 3′‐blocking ends generated by FPG and OGG1. Furthermore, deficiencies in ZDP and/or ARP decrease germination ability after seed deteriorating conditions. Altogether, our results suggest that Arabidopsis cells use both FPG and OGG1 to repair 8‐oxoG in a pathway that requires ZDP and ARP in downstream steps.
In Vitro
and
In Vivo
Effects of Tamoxifen against Larval Stage Echinococcus granulosus
Authors: Nicolao María Celeste , Elissondo María Celina , Denegri Guillermo M. , Goya Alejandra B. , Cumino Andrea C. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the larval stage of the cestode
Echinococcus granulosus
. Chemotherapy currently employs benzimidazoles; however, 40% of cases do not respond favorably. With regard to these difficulties, novel therapeutic tools are needed to optimize treatment in humans. The aim of this work was to explore the
in vitro
and
in vivo
effects of tamoxifen (TAM) against
E. granulosus
. In addition, possible mechanisms for the susceptibility of TAM are discussed in relation to calcium homeostasis, P-glycoprotein inhibition, and antagonist effects on a putative steroid receptor. After 24 h of treatment, TAM, at a low micromolar concentration range (10 to 50 μM), inhibited the survival of
E. granulosus
protoscoleces and metacestodes. Moreover, we demonstrated the chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive pharmacological effects of the drug. At a dose rate of 20 mg/kg of body weight, TAM induced protection against the infection in mice. In the clinical efficacy studies, a reduction in cyst weight was observed after the administration of 20 mg/kg in mice with cysts developed during 3 or 6 months, compared to that of those collected from control mice. Since the collateral effects of high TAM doses have been largely documented in clinical trials, the use of low doses of this drug as a short-term therapy may be a novel alternative approach for human cystic echinococcosis treatment.
Sterilizing Activity of Thioridazine in Combination with the First-Line Regimen against Acute Murine Tuberculosis
Authors: Dutta Noton K. , Pinn Michael L. , Karakousis Petros C. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
We recently reported that in lung tissue, thioridazine accumulates at high concentrations relative to serum levels, displaying modest synergy with isoniazid and reducing the emergence of isoniazid-resistant mutants in mouse lungs. In this study, we sought to investigate the sterilizing activity of human-equivalent doses of thioridazine when given in combination with the “Denver regimen” against acute murine tuberculosis. We found a trend toward a positive impact of thioridazine on the bacterial clearance and lowering relapse rates of the combined standard TB chemotherapy.
Expression of Regulatory T Cells in Jejunum, Colon, and Cervical and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Dogs Naturally Infected with Leishmania infantum
Authors: Figueiredo Maria M. , Deoti Beatriz , Amorim Izabela F. , Pinto Aldair J. W. , Moraes Andrea , Carvalho Carolina S. , Magno da Silva Sydnei , de Assis Ana C. B. , de Faria Ana M. C. , Tafuri Wagner L. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Using flow cytometry, we evaluated the frequencies of CD4
+
and CD8
+
T cells and Foxp3
+
regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mononuclear cells in the jejunum, colon, and cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes of dogs naturally infected with
Leishmania infantum
and in uninfected controls. All infected dogs showed chronic lymphadenitis and enteritis. Despite persistent parasite loads, no erosion or ulcers were evident in the epithelial mucosa. The colon harbored more parasites than the jejunum. Frequencies of total CD4
+
, total Foxp3, and CD4
+
Foxp3
+
cells were higher in the jejunum than in the colon. Despite negative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serum results for cytokines, levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were higher in the jejunum than in the colon for infected dogs. However, IL-4 levels were higher in the colon than in the jejunum for infected dogs. There was no observed correlation between clinical signs and histopathological changes or immunological and parasitological findings in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of canines with visceral leishmaniasis. However, distinct segments of the GIT presented different immunological and parasitological responses. The jejunum showed a lower parasite load, with increased frequencies and expression of CD4, Foxp3, and CD8 receptors and IL-10, TGF-β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α cytokines. The colon showed a higher parasite load, with increasing expression of IL-4.
Leishmania infantum
infection increased expression of CD4, Foxp3, IL-10, TGF-β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α and reduced CD8 and IL-4 expression in both the jejunum and the colon.
Evolution of temperature and humidity in an underground repository over the operation period
Authors: Bénet Luc-Vincent , Tulita Catalin , Calsyn Laurent , Wendling Jacques 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study is to describe the ambient conditions in an underground repository of nuclear waste over a 100-year-long operation period. The evolution over time of the moisture and the temperature in the ventilation network was assessed by means of numerical simulations. Condensation events are described in terms of location, frequency and flow rate. The physical conceptual model takes into account the heat and vapour advection and exchanges with walls, and heat conduction through the host rock. The results of simulations were analysed to highlight how the architectural design, the gradual extension of storage zones, the ventilation rate and the weather conditions are likely to influence the ambient conditions all along the shafts, the galleries and the storage modules. They illustrate the significant effects on ambient conditions of the wall thermal inertia, the variation in atmospheric pressure over the shaft height, and the ventilation partition in some galleries between incoming and outgoing air from storage modules.
Integrated Coherence Prediction
Authors: Huang Libo , Wang Zhiying , Xiao Nong , Wang Yongwen , Dou Qiang 
Published: June 2014

Multicore architectures with Network-on-Chips (NoCs) have been widely recognized as the de facto design for the efficient utilization of the continuously increasing density of transistors on a chip. A key challenge in designing such an NoC-based multicore processor is maintaining cache coherence in an efficient manner. Directory-based protocols avoid the bandwidth overhead of snoop-based protocols, therefore scaling to a large number of cores. However, conventional directory structures add significant indirection delay to cache-to-cache accesses in larger multicore processor.
In this article we propose a novel hardware coherence technique, called integrated coherence prediction (ICP). This approach adopts a prediction technique for managing shared data to reduce or eliminate the cache-to-cache delay in coherence accesses. ICP has two unique features that differ from previous coherence prediction techniques. First, ICP introduces a new integrated prediction scheme that combines two kinds of predictors: owner predictor, which predicts the data writers and avoids the indirection through directory, and data predictor, which predicts the access address and prefetches data from remote nodes directly. Second, ICP uses a request replication method to reduce the negative effect of wrong owner prediction operations, thus facilitating overall performance improvement. We present the design and implementation details of the ICP approach. Using detailed full-system simulations, we conclude that the ICP provides a cost-effective solution for designing high-performance multicore processors.