bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metazoan parasites of blue jack mackerelTrachurus picturatus(Perciformes: Carangidae) from Portuguese mainland waters
Authors: Hermida M. , Pereira A. , Correia A.T. , Cruz C. , Saraiva A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBlue jack mackerel,Trachurus picturatus,is a carangid fish which constitutes an important commercial resource in the north-east Atlantic. Its metazoan parasite community from Portuguese mainland waters was investigated here for the first time. Nine parasite taxa were found, most of which are common parasites ofTrachurusspp. The parasite community was broadly similar to that of the Atlantic horse mackerel,T. trachurus, from the same region, but two digenean species were detected in blue jack mackerel,Monascus filiformisandTergestiasp., which did not occur in horse mackerel from this region. A comparison with the two previous studies ofT. picturatusparasite communities shows that continental-shelf regions are characterized by higher prevalences of digenean trematodes and an absence of trypanorhynch cestodes, in contrast with oceanic regions.
Show or Tell? Instruction and Representation in Govardhanram’sSaraswatichandra
Authors: ASHAR MEERA 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGovardhanram Tripathi wrote the four-volume novelSaraswatichandraas an ‘instruction manual’ for a people facing fundamental social and political change during colonial rule. This article examines a shift in the conception of instruction as the text progressed through its instalments—from a notion of learning as a process of deliberation about, and experimentation with, imitable actions, to the idea of education through the representation of action—a transformation that is made conspicuous by the discordance between the widely debated and highly influential initial volumes and the largely ignored final volume. It situates this shift in broader changes in the idea of instruction in Indian society, and investigates it in order to better understand the strains involved in attempting to codify or theorize certain types of domains.
Making Good People … Rather than Making People Good?
Authors: Platten Stephen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe paper investigates the roots of a virtue-based ethics within Anglicanism starting with the Caroline tradition in the seventeenth century. In the twentieth century there was a rebirth of ‘Anglican Moral Theology’ with the work of Kenneth Kirk, Robert Mortimer and Lindsay Dewar. Issues of perfectibility are examined. The recovery of the Orthodox tradition of deification at the present time and the rebirth of virtue ethics through the work of Alasdair McIntyre are explored. Anglicanism is rooted in an approach where grace is already present in the natural order but which is enhanced by an integralist approach to theology bringing together doctrinal, ascetic and moral theology in one compass.
Trauma- und belastungsbezogene Störungen
Authors: Rosner Rita , Hagl Maria , Petermann Ulrike 
Published: June 2015

Mit der Einführung des DSM-5 wurden die Traumafolgestörungen in einem neuen Kapitel „Trauma- und belastungsbezogene Störungen” gruppiert. Außerdem sollte einer Entwicklungsperspektive mehr Rechnung getragen werden, z. B. mit der Einführung spezifischer Kriterien für die posttraumatische Belastungsstörung bei Kindern unter sechs Jahren. Auch in der geplanten elften Auflage der ICD wird es ein derartiges Kapitel geben, wobei hier aller Voraussicht nach neue Diagnosen inkludiert werden, nämlich die komplexe posttraumatische Belastungsstörung und die anhaltende Trauerstörung. Neben der weiteren Adaption dieser Diagnosen auf Kinder und Jugendliche sollten die zukünftigen Forschungsbemühungen verstärkt spezielle Patientengruppen berücksichtigen und die Dissemination der als wirksam evaluierten traumafokussierten Therapieverfahren vorantreiben.
Psychosoziale Risikoindikatoren regelmäßiger und riskanter Glücksspielnutzung im Jugendalter
Authors: Rehbein Florian , Hayer Tobias , Baier Dirk , Mößle Thomas 
Published: June 2015

Mit der vorliegenden Studie werden die regelmäßige, riskante und problematische Glücksspielnutzung sowie psychosoziale Risikoindikatoren des Glücksspielkonsums im Jugendalter untersucht. Datengrundlage bildet eine für Niedersachsen repräsentative Dunkelfeldbefragung mit 11 003 Neuntklässlern. Zur Klassifikation wurde der Glücksspiel-Screen DSM-IV-MR-J eingesetzt. Auf Basis theoretisch abgeleiteter Risikoindikatoren aus den Bereichen Soziodemographie, Person, Freizeit-, Problemverhalten, Familie, Peers und Schule/Nachbarschaft wurden binär logistische Mehrebenen-Regressionsanalysen zur Vorhersage regelmäßiger und riskanter Glücksspielnutzung durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Glücksspielverhalten bei Jugendlichen von kommerziellen Angeboten dominiert wird. 3.5 % der Jugendlichen weisen eine regelmäßige, 1.1 % eine riskante und 0.3 % eine problematische Glücksspielnutzung auf. Jungen sind in allen glücksspielaffinen Gruppen deutlich stärker vertreten. Bedeutsame Prädiktorvariablen für regelmäßige und riskante Glücksspielnutzung sind neben dem Geschlecht und dem Migrationshintergrund, eine erhöhte Gewaltakzeptanz und eine Sportvereinsmitgliedschaft. Alkohol- und Drogenkonsum sowie insbesondere der Freundeskreis prädizieren ein regelmäßiges Glücksspielverhalten, während Gewalttäterschaft sowie Variablen aus dem Bereich Schule/Nachbarschaft ein riskantes Glücksspielverhalten vorhersagen.
MICHI–eine Gruppen-Kurzzeitpsychotherapie zur Behandlung von Depressionen bei Jugendlichen
Authors: Straub Joana , Plener Paul L. , Keller Ferdinand , Fegert Jörg M. , Spröber Nina , Kölch Michael G. 
Published: June 2015

Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) gilt als Mittel der Wahl bei der Behandlung von Depressionen im Jugendalter wobei bis dato noch kein deutsches Behandlungsmanual in einem randomisierten, kontrollierten Design untersucht wurde. 38 depressive Jugendliche (M=15,86, SD=±1,70 Jahre alt; 78,9 % weiblich) wurden randomisiert entweder der Kontrollgruppe (KG), die Behandlung wie üblich erhielt (TAU), oder Interventionsgruppe (IG), welche an einer ambulanten Gruppen-Kurzzeit-KVT (MICHI-Manual) teilnahm, zugeordnet. Als Effektivitätsmaße dienten die CDRS-R und das BDI-II. Die Interaktion aus Gruppe und Messzeitpunkt war sowohl für die CDRS-R (p=,02), mit einer mittleren Effektstärke (dkorr=,75), als auch für den BDI-II (p=,04), mit einer kleinen Effektstärke (dkorr=,39), signifikant. Die Gruppen-Kurzzeit-KVT entsprechend dem MICHI Manual ist verglichen mit TAU wirksam.
Antarctic archaea–virus interactions: metaproteome-led analysis of invasion, evasion and adaptation
Authors: Tschitschko Bernhard , Williams Timothy J , Allen Michelle A , Páez-Espino David , Kyrpides Nikos , Zhong Ling , Raftery Mark J , Cavicchioli Ricardo 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Despite knowledge that viruses are abundant in natural ecosystems, there is limited understanding of which viruses infect which hosts, and how both hosts and viruses respond to those interactions—interactions that ultimately shape community structure and dynamics. In Deep Lake, Antarctica, intergenera gene exchange occurs rampantly within the low complexity, haloarchaea-dominated community, strongly balanced by distinctions in niche adaptation which maintain sympatric speciation. By performing metaproteomics for the first time on haloarchaea, genomic variation of S-layer, archaella and other cell surface proteins was linked to mechanisms of infection evasion. CRISPR defense systems were found to be active, with haloarchaea responding to at least eight distinct types of viruses, including those infecting between genera. The role of BREX systems in defending against viruses was also examined. Although evasion and defense were evident, both hosts and viruses also may benefit from viruses carrying and expressing host genes, thereby potentially enhancing genetic variation and phenotypic differences within populations. The data point to a complex inter-play leading to a dynamic optimization of host–virus interactions. This comprehensive overview was achieved only through the integration of results from metaproteomics, genomics and metagenomics.
In vivo nanoparticle-mediated radiopharmaceutical-excited fluorescence molecular imaging
Authors: Hu Zhenhua , Qu Yawei , Wang Kun , Zhang Xiaojun , Zha Jiali , Song Tianming , Bao Chengpeng , Liu Haixiao , Wang Zhongliang , Wang Jing , Liu Zhongyu , Liu Haifeng , Tian Jie 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCerenkov luminescence imaging utilizes visible photons emitted from radiopharmaceuticals to achieve in vivo optical molecular-derived signals. Since Cerenkov radiation is weak, non-optimum for tissue penetration and continuous regardless of biological interactions, it is challenging to detect this signal with a diagnostic dose. Therefore, it is challenging to achieve useful activated optical imaging for the acquisition of direct molecular information. Here we introduce a novel imaging strategy, which converts γ and Cerenkov radiation from radioisotopes into fluorescence through europium oxide nanoparticles. After a series of imaging studies, we demonstrate that this approach provides strong optical signals with high signal-to-background ratios, an ideal tissue penetration spectrum and activatable imaging ability. In comparison with present imaging techniques, it detects tumour lesions with low radioactive tracer uptake or small tumour lesions more effectively. We believe it will facilitate the development of nuclear and optical molecular imaging for new, highly sensitive imaging applications.
MoS2 Heterojunctions by Thickness Modulation
Authors: Tosun Mahmut , Fu Deyi , Desai Sujay B. , Ko Changhyun , Seuk Kang Jeong , Lien Der-Hsien , Najmzadeh Mohammad , Tongay Sefaattin , Wu Junqiao , Javey Ali 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this work, we report lateral heterojunction formation in as-exfoliated MoS2 flakes by thickness modulation. Kelvin probe force microscopy is used to map the surface potential at the monolayer-multilayer heterojunction and consequently the conduction band offset is extracted. Scanning photocurrent microscopy is performed to investigate the spatial photocurrent response along the length of the device including the source and the drain contacts as well as the monolayer-multilayer junction. The peak photocurrent is measured at the monolayer-multilayer interface, which is attributed to the formation of a type-I heterojunction. The work presents experimental and theoretical understanding of the band alignment and photoresponse of thickness modulated MoS2 junctions with important implications for exploring novel optoelectronic devices.
Pleistocene glaciations, demographic expansion and subsequent isolation promoted morphological heterogeneity: A phylogeographic study of the alpine Rosa sericea complex (Rosaceae)
Authors: Gao Yun-Dong , Zhang Yu , Gao Xin-Fen , Zhu Zhang-Ming 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWhile most temperate plants probably underwent glacial constriction to refugia and interglacial expansion, another type of interglacial refugia might have existed to maintain alpine plants during warm periods. To test this hypothesis, we applied phylogeographic methods to 763 individuals (62 populations) which belong to 7 taxonomically difficult species of the Rosa sericea complex distributed in alpine regions of the temperate and subtropical zones in eastern Asia. We used three chloroplast (cp) DNA fragments (trnL-trnF, ndhF-rpl32 and ndhJ-trnF) approximately 3,100 bp and nuclear microsatellite (nSSR) on eight sites to determine whether cold tolerant plants experienced expansion during the Pleistocene. The neutral test and mismatch distribution analysis (MDA) indicated that whole populations and major lineages of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) underwent expansion during the middle to late Pleistocene. Environmental niche modeling (ENM) indicates more suitable habitats during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) than at present. We concluded that the demographic history of R. sericea, which diverged in the middle Pleistocene, was mostly affected by climatic oscillations instead of by geographical barriers. The low genetic divergence, as well as the weak phylogenetic structure in the R. sericea complex both support treating this complex as a single taxon.
A novel embryonic plasticity gene signature that predicts metastatic competence and clinical outcome
Authors: Soundararajan Rama , Paranjape Anurag N. , Barsan Valentin , Chang Jeffrey T. , Mani Sendurai A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCurrently, very few prognosticators accurately predict metastasis in cancer patients. In order to complete the metastatic cascade and successfully colonize distant sites, carcinoma cells undergo dynamic epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) and its reversal, mesenchymal-epithelial-transition (MET). While EMT-centric signatures correlate with response to therapy, they are unable to predict metastatic outcome. One reason is due to the wide range of transient phenotypes required for a tumor cell to disseminate and recreate a similar histology at distant sites. Since such dynamic cellular processes are also seen during embryo development (epithelial-like epiblast cells undergo transient EMT to generate the mesoderm, which eventually redifferentiates into epithelial tissues by MET), we sought to utilize this unique and highly conserved property of cellular plasticity to predict metastasis. Here we present the identification of a novel prognostic gene expression signature derived from mouse embryonic day 6.5 that is representative of extensive cellular plasticity and predicts metastatic competence in human breast tumor cells. This signature may thus complement conventional clinical parameters to offer accurate prediction for outcome among multiple classes of breast cancer patients.
Signaling through alternative Integrated Stress Response pathways compensates for GCN2 loss in a mouse model of soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Lehman Stacey L. , Ryeom Sandra , Koumenis Constantinos 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment is characterized by deficiencies in oxygen and nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids. Activation of the GCN2 arm of the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) in response to amino acid deprivation is one mechanism by which tumor cells cope with nutrient stress. GCN2 phosphorylates the alpha subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF2, leading to global downregulation of translation to conserve amino acids and initiation of a transcriptional program through ATF4 to promote recovery from nutrient deprivation. Loss of GCN2 results in decreased tumor cell survival in vitro under amino acid deprivation and attenuated tumor growth in xenograft tumor models. However, it is not known what effects GCN2 loss has on the growth of autochthonous tumors that arise in their native microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate in a genetically engineered mouse model of soft tissue sarcoma that loss of GCN2 has no effect on tumor growth or animal survival. The sarcomas displayed compensatory activation of PERK or phospho-eIF2α independent upregulation of ATF4 in order to maintain ISR signaling, indicating that this pathway is critical for tumorigenesis. These results have important implications for the development and testing of small molecule inhibitors of ISR kinases as cancer therapeutics.
Major depressive disorder and current psychological distress moderate the effect of polygenic risk for obesity on body mass index
Authors: Clarke T-K , Hall L S , Fernandez-Pujals A M , MacIntyre D J , Thomson P , Hayward C , Smith B H , Padmanabhan S , Hocking L J , Deary I J , Porteous D J , McIntosh A M 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) and obesity are frequently co-morbid and this correlation is partly due to genetic factors. Although specific genetic risk variants are associated with body mass index (BMI) and with larger effect sizes in depressed individuals, the genetic overlap and interaction with depression has not been addressed using whole-genome data. Polygenic profile scores for MDD and BMI were created in 13 921 members of Generation Scotland: the Scottish Family Health Study and tested for their association with BMI, MDD, neuroticism and scores on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) (current psychological distress). The association between BMI polygenic profile scores and BMI was tested fitting GHQ, neuroticism or MDD status as an interaction term to test for a moderating effect of mood disorder. BMI polygenic profile scores were not associated with lifetime MDD status or neuroticism although a significant positive association with GHQ scores was found (P=0.0001, β=0.034, r2=0.001). Polygenic risk for MDD was not associated with BMI. A significant interaction between BMI polygenic profile scores and MDD (P=0.0003, β=0.064), GHQ (P=0.0005, β=0.027) and neuroticism (P=0.003, β=0.023) was found when BMI was the dependent variable. The effect of BMI-increasing alleles was greater in those with MDD, high neuroticism or current psychological distress. MDD, neuroticism and current psychological distress amplify the effect of BMI polygenic profile scores on BMI. Depressed individuals with a greater polygenic load for obesity are at greater risk of becoming obese than control individuals.
Speech-Language Dissociations, Distractibility, and Childhood Stuttering
Authors: Clark Chagit E. , Conture Edward G. , Walden Tedra A. , Lambert Warren E. 
Published: June 2015

PurposeThis study investigated the relation among speech-language dissociations, attentional distractibility, and childhood stuttering.MethodParticipants were 82 preschool-age children who stutter (CWS) and 120 who do not stutter (CWNS). Correlation-based statistics (Bates, Appelbaum, Salcedo, Saygin, & Pizzamiglio, 2003) identified dissociations across 5 norm-based speech-language subtests. The Behavioral Style Questionnaire Distractibility subscale measured attentional distractibility. Analyses addressed (a) between-groups differences in the number of children exhibiting speech-language dissociations; (b) between-groups distractibility differences; (c) the relation between distractibility and speech-language dissociations; and (d) whether interactions between distractibility and dissociations predicted the frequency of total, stuttered, and nonstuttered disfluencies.ResultsMore preschool-age CWS exhibited speech-language dissociations compared with CWNS, and more boys exhibited dissociations compared with girls. In addition, male CWS were less distractible than female CWS and female CWNS. For CWS, but not CWNS, less distractibility (i.e., greater attention) was associated with more speech-language dissociations. Last, interactions between distractibility and dissociations did not predict speech disfluencies in CWS or CWNS.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that for preschool-age CWS, attentional processes are associated with speech-language dissociations. Future investigations are warranted to better understand the directionality of effect of this association (e.g., inefficient attentional processes → speech-language dissociations vs. inefficient attentional processes ← speech-language dissociations).
Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Outcomes of Nonoperative and Operative Management
Authors: Abiola Rasheed , Rubery Paul , Mesfin Addisu 
Published: June 2015

Study Design Narrative review. Objective To provide an overview on the diagnosis, natural history, and nonoperative and operative management of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). OPLL is a multifactorial condition caused by ectopic hyperostosis and calcification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Familial inheritance and genetic factors have been implicated in the etiology of OPLL. The cervical spine is most commonly affected followed by the thoracic spine. The clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to myelopathy or myeloradiculopathy. Methods Using PubMed, studies published prior to October 2014 with the keywords “OPLL, etiology”; “OPLL, genetics”; “OPLL, spinal cord injury”; “OPLL, natural history”; “OPLL, non-surgical management”; OPLL, surgical management”; “OPLL, surgical complications” were evaluated. Results The review addresses the etiology, epidemiology, classification, clinical presentation, imaging findings, and nonoperative and operative management of OPLL. Complications associated with surgical management of OPLL are also discussed. Conclusions OPLL commonly presents with myelopathy and radiculopathy. Spine providers should consider OPLL in their differential diagnosis and when reviewing images. If surgical intervention is pursued, imaging-based measurements and findings can help in choosing an anterior versus posterior surgical approach.
West African monsoon dynamics inferred from abrupt fluctuations of Lake Mega-Chad
Authors: Armitage Simon J. , Bristow Charlie S. , Drake Nick A. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
North Africa was wetter 15,000–5,000 years ago than today, with wetlands and lakes formed in the Sahara due to an enhanced monsoon. We reconstruct the lake-level history of Lake Mega-Chad, when it was the largest African lake, and demonstrate that this humid period ended abruptly 5,000 years ago, indicating that the African monsoon exhibits a nonlinear response to insolation forcing. The northern basin of Lake Mega-Chad, currently the world’s greatest dust source, became dry around 1,000 years ago. Prior to that time dust output from the northern basin would have been limited, and suggestions that this dust plays an important role in fertilizing Atlantic and Amazonian ecosystems are either overstated or only true for the last thousand years.
Noradrenergic blockade stabilizes prefrontal activity and enables fear extinction under stress
Authors: Fitzgerald Paul J. , Giustino Thomas F. , Seemann Jocelyn R. , Maren Stephen 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Posttraumatic stress disorder is characterized by a resistance to extinction learning and dysregulated signaling of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Previous research suggested the prelimbic and infralimbic subdivisions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) regulate fear expression and suppression, respectively. However, noradrenergic signaling in response to psychological stress may disrupt mPFC function, contributing to extinction deficits. Here we show, for the first time to our knowledge, that footshock stress dysregulates mPFC spike firing; this can be stabilized by propranolol, a β-noradrenergic receptor blocking drug, which in turn facilitates extinction when it normally fails. These findings suggest that propranolol may be a particularly effective adjunct to behavioral therapy soon after trauma, when stress is high, at least in part by normalizing prefrontal cortical function.
Enzyme mechanism-based, oxidative DNA–protein cross-links formed with DNA polymerase β in vivo
Authors: Quiñones Jason L. , Thapar Upasna , Yu Kefei , Fang Qingming , Sobol Robert William , Demple Bruce 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Oxidative DNA damage is a by-product of aerobic metabolism and various genotoxic agents, including many cancer therapy regimens. Important DNA lesions include 2-deoxyribonolactone (dL), a major type of oxidized abasic (AP) site. In addition to the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of non-oxidized AP sites, dL poses another threat: in vitro, dL traps some DNA repair enzymes in covalent DNA–protein cross-links (DPC) via their AP lyase activity. A prime example is DNA polymerase β (Polβ), which is critical for base excision DNA repair. Here we show that oxidative Polβ-DPC form robustly during attempted DNA repair in mammalian cells treated with dL-inducing oxidants. Mammalian cells remove Polβ-DPC surprisingly rapidly by a mechanism dependent on proteasome activity. Their accumulation is toxic.