bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seamless modification of wild-type induced pluripotent stem cells to the natural CCR5Δ32 mutation confers resistance to HIV infection
Authors: Ye Lin , Wang Jiaming , Beyer Ashley I. , Teque Fernando , Cradick Thomas J. , Qi Zhongxia , Chang Judy C. , Bao Gang , Muench Marcus O. , Yu Jingwei , Levy Jay A. , Kan Yuet Wai 
Published: June 2014

Significance
Patients homozygous for the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) gene with 32-bp deletions (Δ32) are resistant to HIV infection. Using the piggyBac technology plus transcription activator-like effector nucleases or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9, the authors report, to our knowledge, for the first time in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) the efficient and seamless derivation of a homozygous CCR5Δ32 mutation, exactly mimicking the natural mutation. Monocytes and macrophages differentiated from these mutated iPSCs in vitro are resistant to HIV infection. This approach can be applied in the future toward the functional cure of HIV infection. The findings are also of great interest to researchers in many fields who wish to correct or introduce mutations in specific genes.
Compositional landscape for glass formation in metal alloys
Authors: Na Jong Hyun , Demetriou Marios D. , Floyd Michael , Hoff Andrew , Garrett Glenn R. , Johnson William L. 
Published: June 2014

Significance
This paper reports and explains the exponential dependence of crystal nucleation rates on alloy composition for an undercooled liquid. It is shown that maxima in alloy glass-forming ability (GFA) take the form of exponential hypercusps in composition space. The approach is illustrated by optimizing the composition of a five-component nickel–chromium-base metallic glass to achieve order-of-magnitude improvements in GFA over prior work. Variations in GFA are shown to arise from the interplay between alloy-melting behavior and the liquid rheology.
L’hypothèse de Firth
Authors: Godart-Wendling Béatrice 
Published: June 2014

Résumé
Le but de cet article est d’évaluer l’hypothèse de John Rupert Firth (1890–1960) énonçant que l’article de l’anthropologue Bronislaw Malinowski (1884–1942), “The Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages” (1923), constituerait une des sources d’inspiration ayant conduit Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951) à élaborer une nouvelle conception de la signification en termes d’‘usage’. S’appuyant sur certains passages des Philosophical Investigations (1953), Firth établit ainsi une filiation entre les deux grandes idées phares de Malinowski, à savoir l’importance de la notion de ‘contexte de situation’ et l’idée que le langage serait un ‘mode d’action’ et les principales thèses (la signification comme usage, l’acquisition du langage, le langage comme un ensemble de jeux) que développera Wittgenstein. L’examen du bien fondé de cette hypothèse conduira à préciser la synergie des idées qui eut lieu en matière de pragmatique dans l’Angleterre de la première moitié du XXe siècle.
L’étrange destin d’un livre
Authors: Larcher Pierre 
Published: June 2014

Résumé
Les arabisants “classicisants” continuent de se référer à A Grammar of the Arabic Language de William Wright (1830–1889), qu’ils citent généralement sans plus de précision. Ce faisant, ils dissimulent la longue histoire de cet ouvrage. Au premier chef, il est la traduction, parue en 2 volumes (1859 et 1862), de la 2e édition, en langue allemande, de la Grammatik der arabischen Sprache (1859) de Carl Paul Caspari (1814–1892). Mais cet ouvrage a lui-même une longue histoire. Une première édition en était parue, en latin, en 1848, sous le titre de Grammatica arabica. La première partie (Doctrina de elementis et formis) avait même été imprimée, une première fois, en 1844. Dans la préface à l’édition latine de 1848, Caspari cite ses deux principales sources: la Grammaire arabe (11810, 21831) d’Antoine-Isaac Silvestre de Sacy (1758–1838) et la Grammatica critica linguae arabicae, en deux volumes (1831 et 1833), de Heinrich Ewald (1803–1875). La version allemande de la Grammaire arabe de Caspari fut rééditée en 1866. Une nouvelle édition en parut en 1876, révisée par August Müller (1848–1892). Cette 4e édition fut traduite en français (deux tirages en 1880 et 1881) par une personnalité étonnante, le Colombien Ezequiel Uricoechea (1834–1880). Elle fut également rééditée (5e et dernière édition) en 1887. Quant à la Grammaire arabe de Wright, une seconde édition, “révisée et grandement augmentée”, en parut, en 2 volumes, en 1874 et 1875, et une troisième édition, révisée par William Robertson Smith (1846–1894) et Michael Jan de Goeje (1836–1909), également en 2 volumes, en 1896 et 1898. Cette troisième édition, avec quelques modifications dues à Anthony Ashley Bevan (1859–1933), fut réimprimée en 1933: c’est à elle, constamment réimprimée, que se réfèrent généralement les arabisants. La Grammaire arabe de Wright apparaît ainsi comme le travail collectif de l’orientalisme européen du XIXe et de la première moitié du XXe siècle, en venant rappeler au passage qu’il est impossible d’en faire l’histoire sans la connaissance de deux de ses grandes langues académiques: le latin et l’allemand.
A National Intervention to Prevent the Spread of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Israeli Post-Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Ben-David Debby , Masarwa Samira , Adler Amos , Mishali Hagit , Carmeli Yehuda , Schwaber Mitchell J. ,   the Post-Acute Care Hospital Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Working Group
Published: June 2014

ObjectivePatients hospitalized in post-acute care hospitals (PACHs) constitute an important reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. High carriage prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has been observed among patients hospitalized in PACHs. The objective of the study is to describe the impact of a national infection control intervention on the prevalence of CRE in PACHs.DesignA prospective cohort interventional study.SettingThirteen PACHs in Israel.InterventionA multifaceted intervention was initiated between 2008 and 2011 as part of a national program involving all Israeli healthcare facilities. The intervention has included (1) periodic on-site assessments of infection control policies and resources, using a score comprised of 16 elements; (2) assessment of risk factors for CRE colonization; (3) development of national guidelines for CRE control in PACHs involving active surveillance and contact isolation of carriers; and (4) 3 cross-sectional surveys of rectal carriage of CRE that were conducted in representative wards.ResultsThe infection control score increased from 6.8 to 14.0 (P< .001) over the course of the study period. A total of 3,516 patients were screened in the 3 surveys. Prevalence of carriage among those not known to be carriers decreased from 12.1% to 7.9% (P= .008). Overall carrier prevalence decreased from 16.8% to 12.5% (P= .013). Availability of alcohol-based hand rub, appropriate use of gloves, and a policy of CRE surveillance at admission to the hospital were independently associated with lower new carrier prevalence.ConclusionA nationwide infection control intervention was associated with enhanced infection control measures and a reduction in the prevalence of CRE in PACHs.
A model approach to identify the spawning grounds and describing the early life history of Northeast Arctic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)
Authors: Castaño-Primo Rocío , Vikebø Frode Bendiksen , Sundby Svein 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The time-series of recruitment of Northeast Arctic (NEA) haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) reveals larger interannual fluctuations than other gadoid species of the region. The position of spawning sites and the subsequent drift pattern of the offspring may contribute to the large transport variability, and hence, to the large variation in recruitment. A mechanistic individual-based biophysical model covering the egg stage to presettling juveniles, together with observations of 0-group distribution in the Barents Sea and time-series of abundance estimates are used to analyse these factors. The model indicates that spawning north of 67°N is favourable for offspring transport into the nursery grounds in the Barents Sea. The effect of latitude is stronger than across-shelf position for both growth and transport to the nursery grounds. The model predicts 0-group haddock outside the standard sampling area of the annual 0-group survey in the Barents Sea, which could partially explain the occasional occurrence of increase in cohort abundance from the 0-group to 1-year stage.
Astrophysicists on Twitter
Authors: Haustein Stefanie , Bowman Timothy D. , Holmberg Kim , Peters Isabella , Larivière Vincent 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the tweeting behavior of 37 astrophysicists on Twitter and compares their tweeting behavior with their publication behavior and citation impact to show whether they tweet research-related topics or not.Design/methodology/approach– Astrophysicists on Twitter are selected to compare their tweets with their publications from Web of Science. Different user groups are identified based on tweeting and publication frequency.Findings– A moderate negative correlation (ρ=−0.339) is found between the number of publications and tweets per day, while retweet and citation rates do not correlate. The similarity between tweets and abstracts is very low (cos=0.081). User groups show different tweeting behavior such as retweeting and including hashtags, usernames and URLs.Research limitations/implications– The study is limited in terms of the small set of astrophysicists. Results are not necessarily representative of the entire astrophysicist community on Twitter and they most certainly do not apply to scientists in general. Future research should apply the methods to a larger set of researchers and other scientific disciplines.Practical implications– To a certain extent, this study helps to understand how researchers use Twitter. The results hint at the fact that impact on Twitter can neither be equated with nor replace traditional research impact metrics. However, tweets and other so-called altmetrics might be able to reflect other impact of scientists such as public outreach and science communication.Originality/value– To the best of the knowledge, this is the first in-depth study comparing researchers’ tweeting activity and behavior with scientific publication output in terms of quantity, content and impact.
Gain adaptive sliding mode controller based on interval type-II fuzzy neural network designed for attitude control for micro aircraft vehicle
Authors: Chen Xiangjian , Li Di , Xu Zhijun , Bai Yue 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– Micro aerial vehicle is nonlinear plant; it is difficult to obtain stable control for MAV attitude due to uncertainties. The purpose of this paper is to propose one robust stable control strategy for MAV to accommodate system uncertainties, variations, and external disturbances.

Design/methodology/approach
– First, by employing interval type-II fuzzy neural network (ITIIFNN) to approximate the nonlinearity function and uncertainty functions in the attitude angle dynamic model of micro aircraft vehicle (MAV). Then, the Lyapunov stability theorem is used to testify the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system, the parameters of the ITIIFNN and gain of sliding mode control can be tuned on-line by adaptive laws based on Lyapunov synthesis approach, and the Lyapunov stability theorem has been used to testify the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system.

Findings
– The validity of the proposed control method has been verified through real-time experiments. The experimental results show that the performance of interval type-II fuzzy neural network based gain adaptive sliding mode controller (GASMC-ITIIFNN) is significantly improved compared with conventional adaptive sliding mode controller (CASMC), type-I fuzzy neural network based sliding mode controller (GASMC-TIFNN).

Practical implications
– This approach has been used in one MAV, the controller works well, and which could guarantee the MAV control system with good performances under uncertainties, variations, and external disturbances.

Originality/value
– The main original contributions of this paper are: the proposed control scheme makes full use of the nominal model of the MAV attitude control model; the overall closed-loop control system is globally stable demonstrated by Lyapunov stable theory; the tracking error can be asymptotically attenuated to a desired small level around zero by appropriate chosen parameters and learning rates; and the MAV attitude control system based on GASMC-ITIIFNN controller can achieve favourable tracking performance than GASMC-TIFNN and CASMC.
Wider applications for Lean
Authors: Bateman Nicola , Hines Peter , Davidson Peter 
Published: June 2014

Purpose –The lean enterprise model has been adopted in a wide range of industries beyond its origins in the motor industry. To achieve this there has been a considerable extension of the lean concept outside high-volume repetitive manufacture. The purpose of this paper is to present an in-depth study of the application of lean within the British Royal Air Force. It offers a number of new insights which have implications for the future development and adoption of lean in service contexts, and the public sector in particular.Design/methodology/approach– To illustrate the issues of application of lean outside automotive, this paper considers the adoption of the lean concept by the Tornado joint integrated project team within the UK Ministry of Defence. A review of methods of application of lean used within Tornado are studied. The paper considers how the fundamental principles of lean apply in this environment and how, considering these principles, methods of implementation should be modified.Findings– This paper finds that the five lean fundamental principles apply in Tornado but they need to considered specifically within the public service context particularly the pull principle. Hence the authors offer three propositions relating to the use of the lean principles of value, waste, flow and pull in the public sector, and one for perfection only relating to military organisations.Originality/value– This paper makes an important contribution by demonstrating that lean can be successfully applied, in a public service context, with only modest modifications to its core principles, principally about how customer demand (pull) is managed. The implication of this finding demonstrates that to be adopted successfully, lean must be adapted to its context and the lean principles need to be reviewed too.
Centrally sponsored schemes in Andaman and Nicobar Islands: a governance paradox
Authors: Goyal Jaya 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI) as a case to delineate contextual and often paradoxical challenges in implementing centrally sponsored schemes in a small island economy. Government reports cite ANI's record on health outcomes to be impressive when comparing it with other Union Territories (UTs). However, using examples of two public health and nutrition schemes, the paper argues that unless ANI's development indicators are compared over few years, public policy may fail to identity its development challenges and continue its rhetoric while in reality, health outcomes may be regressing.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper used case study research design involving mixed method approach. Quantitative data were secondary in nature, collected from local government departments. Two of the three districts of ANI formed the sample of the study. Main tools used for qualitative analysis were observation and informal interviews with government functionaries and other stakeholders.

Findings
– The findings point to the paradox of superior public spending and infrastructure in ANI in midst of deteriorating public health and child nutrition outcomes. The paper concluded that any policy making on island's trajectory of development is not only incomplete, but also faulty unless its special context is considered as a starting point.

Research limitations/implications
– Ethnographic studies on the health-seeking behaviour of ANI communities can reveal trends in access to health services and its reasons, but that was beyond the scope of the paper.

Originality/value
– The paper is arguably the first to identify development paradoxes in implementation of government health and nutrition programmes in ANI. The paper poses further questions on unpacking the paradox of development in the islands. It urges policy makers and administrators to reconsider the efficacy of centrally sponsored schemes that are implemented without being contextualised for a small island economy like ANI.
Virtual reality as orientation and mobility aid for blind people
Authors: Lahav Orly 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the past 15 years of research and development (R&D) on the role of virtual environments (VEs) as an orientation and mobility (O&M) aid to enhance skills and to train people who are blind or newly blind.Design/methodology/approach– This paper describes and examines studies of 21 VE systems developed specifically to help people who are blind improve their O&M skills. These VE systems, equipped to supply appropriate perceptual and conceptual spatial information through haptic and auditory sensorial channels, are mainly focussed on two goals: helping congenitally blind or late blind persons to collect spatial information in advance and supporting people who are newly blind in practicing their O&M skills during rehabilitation. The R&D studies represented in these 21 studies were examined along three dimensions: descriptive information, system, and research.Findings– This paper highlights weaknesses and strengths of VE systems that have been developed in the past 15 years as O&M aids for people who are blind. These results have the potential to influence future R&D in this field.Originality/value– The author hopes that this paper will influence future R&D in this field and lead to accessible O&M VEs in practice and research.
Ethnic minority businesses and targeted assistance programs in the US and the UK
Authors: C. Sonfield Matthew 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to focus on the current status and the development of ethnic minority businesses in the USA and in the UK. Comparing the two countries’ past, current, and likely future situations and recognizing that each situation offers some lessons to the other, implications for minority business owners and for those who assist or study such businesses in each country are presented.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper presents descriptive research and analysis, developed from a thorough study of governmental and non-governmental minority business assistance programs, and of corporate procurement programs, utilizing both primary and secondary sources; governmental, non-governmental organization and corporate publications; and the existing academic and practitioner literature.

Findings
– Practitioners, consultants, and researchers in both the USA and the UK face considerable regulatory, demographic and other challenges and opportunities over the coming years with regard to the status and progress of minority-owned businesses and the appropriate nature of public and private policies and programs to foster and assist such businesses. Each country can benefit from the other's experience, as discussed and explained in this paper.

Practical implications
– Specific recommendations are provided for those involved with targeted assistance programs in each country – for practitioners, governmental, and non-governmental program administrators, consultants to such businesses, and those who conduct research with this focus.

Originality/value
– A search of the existing literature indicates that research with this focus has not been previously published.
Understanding small-firm reactions to free trade agreements
Authors: Battisti Martina , Jurado Tanya , Perry Martin 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– Despite the proliferation of free trade agreements (FTAs) internationally, the limited research available on the subject indicates that few SMEs consider the existence of these agreements as a reason to engage in international markets or expand their existing international engagement. The purpose of this paper is to identify and augment SME international marketing models building on Merrilees and Tiessen's (1999) work; and to explain how these marketing models condition the reaction of small firm exporters to FTAs.Design/methodology/approach– This study comprised in-depth interviews with 51 SME exporters in New Zealand. Participants were selected purposefully and were interviewed in a face-to-face, semi-structured format.Findings– Five international marketing strategies were identified drawing on prior models of international marketing: sales-driven, relationship-driven, international boutique, arbitrager and market seeder. These models are characterised by different relationships to markets and to buyers served, and by the extent of customisation in the export offering. By using these models the authors analyse why SMEs have yet to significantly capitalise on the opportunities provided by New Zealand's recent wave of trade agreements.Research limitations/implications– This study acknowledges the diversity of international marketing strategies between seemingly similar firms by recognising that approaches generally viewed as unlikely to bring success in international markets can work when applied in a particular way and in a particular context. As such the results may offer a useful starting point for the customisation of policy advice on exporting in terms of the context in which SMEs operate.Originality/value– As well as advancing theoretical perspectives on SME international marketing strategies, the findings are presented as a contribution to the as yet limited evaluation of how SMEs in New Zealand have responded to the emerging opportunities created by FTAs. The interest in filling this gap is part of a growing recognition that factors related to the firm's trading environment have been largely neglected in policy considerations.
Translating science and technology policies and programs into grassroots innovations in China
Authors: Zhang Liyan , Mahadevia Darshini 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– Grassroots innovations (GRIs) can contribute greatly to inclusive development and reach out populations and areas not reached by or ignored by the formal sector. The purpose of the paper is to study how China's science and technology (S&T) policies and programs are translated into GRIs.

Design/methodology/approach
– A case study of the grassroots organizations of farmer Chen Guangxing, of Baodi County, Tianjin City, is applied.

Findings
– Government S&T policies and programs do transfer to the grassroots innovators; the government support is continuous and all-round; the grassroots innovators' leadership is important to get the support; the research and diffusion projects that grassroots innovators received are integrated in some cases; and the S&T training contributes to farmers' research and project application.

Practical implications
– There is a need to increase financial support to the grassroots innovators, provide guidance to them and set up a GRI reporting mechanism.

Originality/value
– The paper gives an insight into the synergies and illustrates how and why the grassroots innovators benefit from the laws, policies and ensuing programs that are not directly meant for them.