bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHANGING THE FACE OF NEW ZEALAND'S NATIONAL INJURY REPORTING
Authors: Proffitt C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundNew Zealand has had a national injury prevention strategy since 2003. Until last year, annual monitoring of the Strategy has focused upon producing mortality and morbidity indicators and reporting activity rather than outcomes achieved. In a significant advancement, the New Zealand Injury Prevention Strategy Secretariat produced a national Injury Prevention Outcomes Report for the first time in 2011.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe report's objectives were to:• draw attention to the burden of injury in New Zealand• highlight success stories in the injury prevention sector• improve government agency accountability by reporting on long- and mid-term indicators that are expected to affect injury rates• aid decision-making by Ministers, Chief Executives and government agencies about injury prevention issues, including where attention needs to be focused.MethodsAn outcomes reporting framework was designed, using mortality, morbidity and cost data as high-level outcomes indicators, and determining indicators of mid-term outcomes (such as increased awareness or sub-population injury trend data) for particular injury types. The report also included independent expert commentary on where future gains might be made.Results/OutcomesThe report drew the Government's attention to the inconsistent levels of public investment for types of injury with similar burdens. It has also contributed to government agencies focussing on outcomes rather than outputs in their own reporting.Significance/Contribution to the FieldInternationally, the report appears to be unique as it is the only national report that attempts to adopt a high level whole-of-injury prevention approach to monitoring progress on reducing the national burden of injury, using a range of traditional mortality and morbidity indicators as well as ‘action’ indicators. The report has been subjected to an independent evaluation, the results of which have been incorporated into enhancing the next edition of the report.
CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS OF PARENTS' KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOURS RELATED TO CHILD SAFETY
Authors: Mickalide A , Ivancovsky M , Mavengere C , Brondum L , Francoia A 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAs the documentary filmBabiesillustrates, children worldwide reach developmental milestones at roughly the same time. Yet rates of childhood injury morbidity and mortality differ vastly from country to country. Understanding cross-cultural differences in parental beliefs and practices is essential to risk reduction and complement the other pillars of child safety strategies—device use, environmental improvements and laws/regulations.PurposeThe aim is to highlight results of studies on parental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours conducted in several SKWW member countries.MethodsParents' perspectives were assessed in using a mix of techniques –observational surveys, focus groups, telephone interviews, online surveys, and written questionnaires.ResultsMore needs to be done worldwide to educate parents that most injuries are preventable. In Israel, three-fifths of parents believed that being injured while playing is just part of childhood. In Vietnam, two-thirds of parents did not require their children to wear helmets when riding on streets near their homes. In Brazil, most mothers surveyed did not know that injuries led to a high incidence of deaths and hospitalisations. In China, many parents did not know that lack of supervision could lead to drowning and about half knew about pool drain entrapment. In the USA, four-fifths of parents whose children had been injured while playing team sports thought that it was just part of the game and could not have been prevented.ConclusionsFormative research among parents is essential to effective child safety programmes. This helps to identify gaps in knowledge and guides behavioural change strategies.
PERCEPTION OF SCHOOL-BOUND CHILDREN'S MOTHERS ON ROAD-CROSSING AND OTHER ROAD-SAFETY ISSUES IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Anwar KS , Mollah AH , Monowar SR , Begum A , Ali Molla A , Rahman MMS , Sengupta PK , Nahar N , Karim SA 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundParents often possess unrealistic expectation on the ability of school-bound children in crossing roads safely. Little is known about mothers' understanding of such unwise-behaviour plunging them into serious road-traffic/RT-injuries. Here, we report mothers' perception on RT-regulations with certain plausible-factor(s) predisposing reckless-attempts of fatal-RTAs.PurposeStudy perception of such mothers' accompanying school-bound children on RT-regulations/laws; and, examine if mothers' education/knowledge remains plausible-predisposing factor(s) in taking such deadly-attempts of road-crossings.MethodsWe conducted this study among 148 mothers accompanying school-bound-pedestrian children crossing busy city-roads adjacent to nine randomly-selected school-fringes in Dhaka city. Two-tier-methodology was used: assessed mothers' knowledge (using structured-questionnaire), quantitatively and determined perception, qualitatively (Focus Group Discussion-FGDs).OutcomeLower-maternal-education (Lo-Mat-Ed) was associated with running-off roads (p<0.02) and inadequate knowledge on RT-safety-regulations/signals (p<0.01). Lo-Mat-Ed was linked with knowledge-gap/faulty-ideas (concentration on ‘school-bag’ than watching traffic-vehicles), (p<0.01). Inadequate knowledge/Lo-Mat-Ed was related to faulty road-crossing (not using zebra-crossing/over-bridge), (p<0.03). Mothers possessing better-knowledge/higher-Mat-Ed recognised RT-signals more-correctly (p<0.009): cross on red (p<0.005) and never on green lights (p<0.03). Risk-estimate-analysis revealed Lo-Mat-Ed as potential risk factor for risky road-crossing (OD=3.1(1.2–8.2)), knowing RT-laws (OD=2.8(1.3–5.7)), signal-lights (OD=3.2 (1.6–6.5)) and safe road-crossing (OD=2.24(1.10–4.57)), etc. Post-FGD transcript-analysis also revealed gross inadequacy in mothers' perception on RT-rules and safe road-crossing mainly due to Lo-Mat-Education.Significance/ContributionParental-education, a primary determinant of health-related-behaviour, requires RT-safety adaptation. Since knowledge alone is not sufficient to institute RT-safety, developing instructive/environment strategies remains imperative, but mother's proficiency on road-safety must be assessed prior to confer responsibility of pedestrian-school-bound-children, as our findings suggest along with imparting intensive-training/education on road-safety.
BLOWN AWAY: CYCLONE RELATED INJURIES
Authors: Franklin RC , Aitken P , Watt K , Leggat P 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundCyclone Yasi, a category 5 cyclone with wind gusts of up to 290 km/h crossed the Queensland coast near Mission Beach approximately 150 km north of Townsville on the evening of the 2 February 2011. In Townsville 170 000 home were left without power and the estimated damage bill across the region was Australian $3.5 billion.Aims/Objective/PurposeTo explore the epidemiology of injuries from cyclone Yasi within the Townsville region.MethodsData on all cases which presented to TTH were extracted for the periods 31 January 2011 to 8 February 2011 (9 day) and an equivalent period from 2010 for comparison.Results/OutcomeThere were 2003 patients treated at the hospital during this period (note there were only seven people seen between 18:00 2 February and 6:00 3 February); one third of presentations were injury-related which was 39% more than the previous year. Of injured patients, 10% were aged less than 5 years, 22% were aged less than 15 years and 9% were over 70 years of age. 59% were male. The top five injuries during this time were open wound of wrist and hand (6.9%), open wound to head (4.5%), multiple open wounds of ankle and foot (4.5%), sprain and strain of other and unspecified parts of lumbar spine and pelvis (4.1%), and open wound of the scalp (3.6%). Increase in injuries were found for all age-groups especially 50–54 years (272%) (except 15–19 years which decrease by 15%).Significance/Contribution to the FieldThis is the first time in Australia that the injuries sustained during a cyclone have been explored in such detail.
A MODEL TO ASSESS VIOLENCE AFTER DISASTERS
Authors: Zangi M , Mohammadi R , Nahidi S , Bejestani M Yavari , Varasteh V 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAlthough child abuse, sexual violence and suicide after disasters have been studied, remaining sorts of violence as well as prevention measures are still neglected.AimsTo set up a comprehensive model to assess incidence rate, risk factors and effective prevention measures regarding post disaster violence among risk group and victims, as well as Rescue/Recovery Workers.MethodsBesides WHO reports and CDC regarding violence and disasters, most relevant scientific articles in Pubmed and Embase were reviewed.ResultsTo assess incidence rate and risk factors of post disaster violence, two methods are appropriate: firstly, comparison of severely and less severely exposed/unexposed groups. Secondly, one-group pre test–post test. Starting fieldwork within a few weeks post disaster and then for intermediate and long term is important. Education, environmental change, and law enforcement in different levels are recommended based on incidence rate, risk factors of different kinds of violence as well as disasters. To evaluate the impact and outcome of violence prevention measures, quasi experimental study would be the most appropriate. Besides data registry system, survey and interviews are secure for short and even long term after disasters. Moreover, triangulation is useful by multiple employments of various sources of data. Not only chaos of the settings but also logistical barriers of geographical distance and lack of pre-existing interpersonal networks are expected limitations.Contribution to the FieldRecognition and prevention of post disaster violence can be carried out by systematic plan with different steps and levels according to multiple sources of data.
CAUTION! PARADIGM SHIFT AHEAD: ‘ADOLESCENT MOBILITY HEALTH’
Authors: Weiss H 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAdolescents belong to an age group warranting special transport and mobility research and programmes. From a road safety perspective, they carry the largest crash and morbidity/mortality risk of any age group. This has led to considerable research and safety programmes, but these efforts have plateaued in many countries and remain fixed within a road safety perspective. From a broader perspective, little has been done about the many non-traffic health risks related to teen driving (increased drug and alcohol use, anti-social behaviour, sexually transmitted infections, inactivity and obesity). From a sustainable transport perspective, a contemporary imperative, teens are where the transition from non-driver to driver takes place; an opportune time for interventions to minimise environmental harms.MethodsWe introduce a new paradigm termed ‘mobility health’ to bridge the siloed domains of safety, adolescent health and sustainable mobility management. The advantages include:• A school focus makes them an easy population to identify and offers on-going integration into curricula.• Giving youth the freedom to choose their mobility options with knowledge of the benefits and drawbacks of alternatives.• Provides settings where peers, teachers and parents can play important roles so it becomes more than an individual choice.• Healthy mobility habits learned at this age may be engrained for life, making it a smarter investment.RecommendationWe advocate changing the current narrow paradigm of adolescent road safety to a cross-level/cross-disciplinary, more potent, timely and healthy vision of less driving through mobility modal shift from cars to active and public transport.
HEALTHY ALCOHOL POLICY AS AN INJURY PREVENTION STRATEGY
Authors: Connor J 
Published: October 2012

Alcohol's contribution to injury at both individual and population level is indisputable, and it is commonly identified as the most important single risk factor. Reduction in hazardous patterns of drinking is required for prevention of injury as well other harms, and is achievable through a synergistic mix of evidence-based alcohol policies. There is already substantial scientific consensus about effective policies, which are largely environmental rather than individual-focused and include the effective control of commercial alcohol interests. Injury prevention has much to gain from modifying such a potent up-stream determinant.Healthy alcohol policy is not just needed for the rich world but for low and middle-income countries where promotion of alcohol is aggressive and largely unregulated. Injury prevention experts have a important role to play in advocating effective control of the supply and promotion of alcohol, as it is a major primary prevention strategy for injury in all parts if the world.Paul QuigleyThere has been growing recognition in New Zealand of the amount of social and financial harms that excessive alcohol consumption causes. This is across the wide spectrum of alcohol abuse, from recreational binge drinking through to the chronic health consequences of alcohol addiction. There is currently a unique opportunity to make societal change around the way we consume alcohol as part of evolving legislative change. As part of that change it became evident that there is very poor data about the actual burden of alcohol harms when related to health presentations and in particular injury. I will be presenting how there is a vital role acute services can offer, Emergency Departments, Ambulance and Police in regards to providing an accurate picture of alcohol harm. I will discuss how through relatively simple means accurate data can be obtained be health professionals that can help guide law and enforcement agencies make change that can have real impact on these harms. I will include examples of collaborative work with the Wellington City Council and other agencies working towards a safer city.
FALLS AND INJURY PREVENTION IN OLDER PEOPLE
Authors: Campbell AJ 
Published: October 2012

Falls research in older people has followed a logical pathway. Firstly, observational, cross sectional and then longitudinal population studies were used to determine the incidence, and complications of falls and fall risk factors. Intervention trials based on the identification of potentially treatable, causative clinical and physiological risk factors followed. There have subsequently been pragmatic trials which have tested the introduction of effective interventions into the health services.We now have two main streams of service development and fall prevention (i) a detailed, multidisciplinary assessment of fall and fracture risk with interventions for those at particular risk (ii) a wider, population based approach with less detailed assessment and a single therapist and intervention, resulting in broader coverage.Despite the convincing trial evidence that fall frequency can be decreased, uptake by health funding bodies and by older people likely to benefit has been disappointing.To increase service provision we need to recognise the barriers to implementation. These barriers can be (i) personal or patient related, (ii) professional because of inter-professional boundaries or because of fixed conceptual thinking, or (iii) political because of cost and time to prevention and cost silos.
CHALLENGES FOR INJURY PREVENTION IN LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES
Authors: Híjar M 
Published: October 2012

During the session will be presented the changes observed in patterns of unintentional and intentional injuries during the last 10 years in countries of Low and Middle income and the challenges to confront in the next future on the next issues:• Lack of reliable data, both for unintentional and violence related injuries• Most of the preventive interventions replicate (but no local translated) those that has been successful on HIC,• Evaluation is not included on the intervention plan.• The target groups are different among countries and into the same country.• Disabilities and mental effects are not considered into the injury prevention plans• Pre and hospital care are not well organised and facilities are poorly equipped• Changes on the mobility patterns that means different risk exposure• The Safety approaches used for injury prevention are not comprehensive• Injury prevention programmes without or little importance of psychological and sociological determinants of injury.The session will discuss the importance that interventions on injury prevention in LMIC have to achieve long-term improvements in community safety in order to develop sustainable safety environments.
Preventing driveway run over injuries – using research to build a campaign
Authors: Randle S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDriveway run overs—driving at low speed over children in private driveways—are a significant contributor to the burden of injury experienced by New Zealand children. New Zealand's rate of reported driveway injuries is high, it is estimated that on average there are nearly two injury cases a month, and approximately four deaths per annum.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe Safekids Campaign 2011/12 aimed to increase awareness of the prevention of driveway run over injuries and to promote key injury prevention behaviours to reduce risk and increase safety.MethodsIn July 2011, Safekids launched a multi-pronged, campaign to promote education and public awareness about the prevention of driveway run over injuries. Key activities included: A review of the literature and creation of an evidence baseThe delivery of workforce capacity building workshopsThe development of creatives and teaching tools to support a national public awareness campaignExecution of a media planResults/OutcomesThe campaign gained traction in the media; 63 newspaper print editorials were recorded. A parent survey conducted at the time of education (n=220) and a post education telephone interview (n=100) showed participants had increased/reinforced knowledge of driveway run over injuries (88% and 98% respectively), and that they had made, or intended to make changes to keep children safer (81% and 78% respectively).Significance/Contribution to the FieldCommunities have increased awareness of driveway run over injuries and key safety behaviours have been implemented including: heightened vigilance, increased supervision, reduced speed and the separation of play spaces from driveways.
Safety rock: community-based art initiative to reduce driveway run over trauma
Authors: Millar J 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundA typical New Zealand child injured in a driveway incident is aged 0–4 years, of Māori or Pacific ethnicity and lives in an area of high socio-economic deprivation. In line with Safekids New Zealand 2010/2011 Driveway Run Over campaign theme, the Safekids Rotorua/Treasure Rotorua coalition tried a new approach.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe objective was to offer an easy behaviour change option. Key desirable features included easy and quick implementation with low or zero cost to the family. Ideally whole family ownership of the issue and subsequent behavioural change was sought.MethodsThe ‘Safety Rock’ initiative was developed collaboratively using personal and professional experiences. Considering art a fun format for all ages and talents, this activity was developed to provide children with the opportunity to paint a concrete paving stone to take home and place in a parentally identified safe waving location for them to stand on during vehicular movement.Results/OutcomesA successful pilot was launched at Children's Day Rotorua in March 2012 with 100 Safety Rocks painted within 2 h. Plentiful opportunities arose to talk to participants about keeping safe near cars. In situ Safety Rocks serve as an ongoing reminder helping all household residents, and visitors.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThis child safety activity could be replicated in a variety of settings eg Kohanga Reo, Early Childcare Education, community events. Other art techniques and/or cultural designs could be used.
Alternative dairy farm employment/dairy farm task sheets
Authors: Philippa Wallace 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundInjured rural people often have significant injuries with long recovery periods and they are returning to highly physical roles—many of them on farms milking in excess of 1000 cows. As an ACC case manager, with a high proportion of my clients rurally based I am aware of issues relating to finding appropriate light duties on the farms they are employed on. Another issue can be that On Farm Accommodation is often a part of the job package, and if injured staff are off work for any length of time they can be asked to leave the farm accommodation. Many of the young people then move into town/cities and in some instances if another person is employed to fill that role, the length of time the injured client takes to return to work, can mean that job may be lost.ObjectivesTo ensure these young people are not ‘lost' to the industry should they be asked to leave the farm accommodation after an accident. To look closely at medical duration for the type of injury and to ensure ongoing claim costs do not spiral, due to the client having no job to return too.MethodACC needs to investigate thoroughly the scope of the workplace the client is returning to—so ACC begins by gathering data on the pre injury farm employment. To do this the ACC188 task sheet has been revamped, and specifically worded to investigate the potential for light/alternative duties as a starting point to keep a job safe. For example—a dairy farmer may tell ACC that his farm is 200 ha, however he will identify only 180 effective ha. That 20 ha is looked at as a possibility for light duties by asking what that 20 ha is used for—is it for instance a wet land planting; a farm forestry block; a quarry; waterway plantings; leased to a neighbour etc. In some instances this can be a good place to begin.However it many instances the current employer is just too busy to consider having his injured employee back on the farm in the short term, often fearful that further injury will reflect badly on him. The employer, in many instances, must replace the injured employee immediately to limit the impact on his business of being short staffed.If the injured client is a young person, being away from work for any length of time can often have a detrimental effect—they get out of the routine of work, and lose contact with peers and workmates.ACC has also sought a local business to work alongside the dairy farm to accommodate the injured person. This local motel offers homely accommodation, and two meals per day, to ensure no barriers stop a successful participation.ResultsThe results we see is that the workers skill set is maintained and in most cases enhanced. Good ongoing communication between ACC and previous employer—client able to return to pre injury job—not lost to industry.ConclusionsOften a clients return to work is much quicker than expected, due to having confidence built up, and being supported by both farm staff and an occupational therapist as tasks are added as the injury resolves.