bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation and parametric optimization of rotary ultrasonic machining of different bio-ceramic materials
Authors: Vishnoi Mohit , Mamatha T G , Singh Manvendra , Kushwaha Anuj , Anuragi Anupam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) is a highly promising technique for machining bio-ceramic materials due to its ability to achieve high precision and superior surface quality. This research focuses on an experimental investigation and parametric optimization of RUM for different bio-ceramic materials, intending to optimize multiple machining responses simultaneously. The experimental setup involves utilizing a 3-axis CNC ultrasonic machine to machine three different workpieces with slot cutting. Various machining parameters, such as tool feed rate and tool rotating speed, are studied to determine their impacts. An orthogonal array design based on Taguchi optimization is used to execute the experiments effectively. Material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) are monitored and statistically analyzed as a consequence of the responses. ANOVA demonstrates that the tool feed rate has a considerable impact on the output reactions, with material type and tool rotational speed also playing a role. For multiple response optimizations, the Taguchi-Grey method is used to achieve the best trade-off between MRR and Sr The results demonstrate that material type has the most substantial impact on surface roughness, followed by feed rate and spindle speed. In contrast, feed rate has the most significant effect on the material removal rate, followed by the material type and spindle speed. The optimal parameter settings for achieving the desired output parameter are determined. The confirmation experiments validate the effectiveness of the optimized parameters. The feed rate of 5 mm min−1, and spindle speed of 2500 rpm were discovered to be the optimal condition for achieving maximum MRR and minimum Ra. The MRR and surface roughness values were measured as 1.7266 mm3 min−1 and 1.5611 microns respectively.
Physical, optical, thermal, structural and mechanical properties of alkaline earth borate glasses
Authors: Elkholy Hagar , Atif Muhammad , Aslam Muhammad J , Othman Hosam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Binary alkaline earth borate glasses were synthesized via the melt quenching technique. The density and molar volume of the resultant glasses were determined experimentally. The glass optical basicity has been found to increase with the glass polarizability. The optical properties of the glasses were comprehensively analyzed, revealing a shift in the cutoff wavelength towards longer wavelengths with increasing glass optical basicity. Additionally, the optical band gap (Eg) was estimated. Structural investigations unveiled an increase in the abundance of BO4 units as the glass optical basicity increased. Furthermore, the glass transition temperature was observed to decrease with decreasing cation field strength. Glass packing density and B2O3 packing factor were calculated to assess structural variations. The longitudinal and shear velocities were determined using the pulse echo technique, providing insights into the elastic moduli of the glasses. The Makishima and Mackenzie approach was employed to predict the elastic moduli, yielding results in good agreement with experimental data. This comprehensive analysis sheds light on the relationship between composition, structure, and mechanical properties of binary alkaline earth borate glasses, offering valuable insights for potential applications.
Synergistic advancements with Mn-MOF/Nb2CTx electrodes in bisolvent-in-salt (BSiS) electrolytes for supercapacitor and hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Yaseen Tahmina , Hassan Haseebul , Iqbal M Waqas , Siyal Sajid Hussain , Umar Ehtisham , Afzal Amir Muhammad , Wabaidur Saikh Mohammad , A Al-Ammar Essam , Elahi Ehsan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Supercapacitors are promising technologies for exceptionally efficient energy storage and power control, making them a crucial and significant field of global technical progress. In this research, we designed an electrode material by combining Mn-MOF with Nb2CTx MXene. At 1.5 A g−1, the Mn-MOF/Nb2CTx electrode has 900 C g−1 specific capacity. This performance underscores its potential for high-efficiency energy storage applications. Supercapacitor Mn-MOF/Nb2CTx had a 1500 W kg−1 power density and 52 Wh kg−1 energy density. Following 12,000 cycles, the Mn-MOF/Nb2CTx fabricated electrodes retain 96.4% capacity retention and 89.3% of its coulombic efficiency. This work uses experimental studies to describe the representative uses of Mn-MOF/Nb2CTx-based electrocatalysts for the HER. The methods for enhancing the catalytic efficiency of MXenes in the application of HER are illustrated, including the optimization of active sites through termination modification and the introduction of Mn-MOF, as well as the enhancement of active sites through the fabrication of different nanostructures. The issues associated with and the possibility of Mn-MOF/Nb2CTx electrocatalysts are also discussed. This research is an example of the future improvement of novel and effective electrocatalysts based on MXenes for hydrogen production using water-splitting technology.
Dual-band inset-fed diamond-shaped patch MIMO antenna for wireless communication applications
Authors: Raj Govathoti Prudhvi , Ketavath Kumar Naik 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A compact inset-fed rectangular-shaped multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) patch antenna with a diamond-shaped slot is proposed for dual-band wireless communication applications. It comprises with two identical rectangular-shaped radiating elements. The proposed inset-fed diamond-shaped slot MIMO patch (IDSMP) antenna has overall dimensions is 20 × 40 × 1.6 mm3. To achieve low mutual coupling and good diversity performance, circular slots are etched on the ground plane and diamond slots are etched from the rectangular radiating patches. The edge-to-edge separation between the radiating elements is 4 mm. The IDSMP antenna is resonating at 8.2 GHz and 14.0 GHz frequencies and a gain of 5.63dBi and 5.43dBi respective operating frequency. It achieves the wider dual bandwidths of 400 MHz (8.00 GHz to 8.40 GHz) and 940 MHz (13.63 GHz to 14.57 GHz) of respective frequencies. The IDSMP antenna MIMO parameters are presented for the envelope correlation coefficient is < 0.0, diversity gain is > 9.9, channel capacity loss is < 0.1 bits/sec/Hz, mean effective gain is investigated (−4 dB < MEG < −7 dB), and total active reflection coefficient is also obtained. The simulated and experimentally attained values are presented, and it is showing fine agreement.
Unraveling the hydropower vulnerability to drought in the United States
Authors: Moghaddasi Pouya , Gavahi Keyhan , Moftakhari Hamed , Moradkhani Hamid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Drought, a potent natural climatic phenomenon, significantly challenges hydropower systems, bearing adverse consequences for economies, societies, and the environment. This study delves into the profound impact of drought on hydropower generation (HG) in the United States, revealing a robust correlation between hydrologic drought and hydroelectricity generation. Our analysis of the period from 2003 to 2020 for the Contiguous United States (CONUS) indicates that drought events led to a considerable decline in hydroelectricity generation, amounting to approximately 300 million MWh, and resulting in an estimated loss of $28 billion to the sector. Moreover, our findings highlight the adverse environmental effect of drought-induced HG reductions, which are often compensated by increased reliance on natural gas usage, which led to substantial emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxide (NO
X
), totaling 161 700 kilotons, 1199 tons, and 181 977 tons, respectively. In addition to these findings, we assess the state-level vulnerability of hydropower to drought, identifying Washington and California as the most vulnerable states, while Nevada exhibits the least vulnerability. Overall, this study enhances understanding of the multifaceted effects of drought on hydropower, which can assist in informing policies and practices related to drought management and energy production.
Front stability of infinitely steep travelling waves in population biology
Authors: Simpson Matthew J , Rahman Nizhum , Tam Alexander K Y 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReaction–diffusion models are often used to describe biological invasion, where populations of individuals that undergo random motility and proliferation lead to moving fronts. Many reaction–diffusion models of biological invasion are extensions of the well–known Fisher–Kolmogorov–Petrovskii–Piskunov model that describes the spatiotemporal evolution of a 1D population density,u(x,t), as a result of linear diffusion with fluxJ=−∂u/∂x, and logistic growth source term,S=u(1−u). In 2020 Fadai introduced a new reaction–diffusion model of biological invasion with a nonlinear degenerate diffusive flux,J=−u∂u/∂x, and the model was formulated as a moving boundary problem on0<x<L(t), withu(L(t),t)=0anddL(t)/dt=−κu∂u/∂xatx=L(t)(Fadai and Simpson 2020 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 53 095601). Fadai’s model leads to travelling wave solutions with infinitely steep, well–defined fronts at the moving boundary, and the model has the mathematical advantage of being analytically tractable in certain parameter limits. In this work we consider the stability of the travelling wave solutions presented by Fadai. We provide general insight by first presenting two key extensions of Fadai’s model by considering: (i) generalised nonlinear degenerate diffusion with fluxJ=−um∂u/∂xfor some constantm > 0; and, (ii) solutions describing both biological invasion withdL(t)/dt>0, and biological recession withdL(t)/dt<0. After establishing the existence of travelling wave solutions for these two extensions, our main contribution is to consider stability of the travelling wave solutions by introducing a lateral perturbation of the travelling wavefront. Full 2D time–dependent level–set numerical solutions indicate that invasive travelling waves are stable to small amplitude lateral perturbations, whereas receding travelling waves are unstable. These preliminary numerical observations are corroborated through a linear stability analysis that gives more formal insight into short time growth/decay of wavefront perturbation amplitude. Julia–based software, including level–set algorithms, is available onGithubto replicate all results in this study.
The high energy level effect from different supplements and similar protein source on intake, digestion, weight gain and income over feed cost of Donggala bulls fed Elephant grass
Authors: Sulendre I Wayan , Marsetyo  
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Supplementation is one way to boost the liveweight gain of Donggala bulls during fattening. The current experiment examined the effect of high amount of energy from different supplements and similar protein source on dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), average daily gain (ADG) and income over feed cost (IOFC) of Donggala bulls. Twenty four Donggala bulls were involved, In a completely randomized block design with four dietary treatments and six replications. The experiment lasted 14 weeks, with adaptation and collection periods lasting 2 and 12 weeks, respectively. The dietary treatment include (a) Elephant grass (EG) ad libitum (EG), (b) EG (1% liveweight (W)/day) + Gliricidia (1,25% W/day) and rice bran (1.25% W/day) (EG+GRB) (c) EG (1% W/day + Gliricidia (1.25 W/day) and corn grain (1.25% W/day) (EG+GCG) and (d) EG (1% W/day + Gliricidia (1.25 W/day) and cassava tubers (1.25% W/day) (EG+GCT). Analyses of variance revealed that supplementing Donggala bulls with high energy and protein led to a significant increase (P<0.05) in total DMI, DMD, ADG, and IOFC. Bulls supplemented with Cassava tuber in combination with gliricidia had the highest total DMI, DMD, ADG, and IOFC, whereas unsupplemented bulls had the lowest value for comparable parameters.
The planthopper (hemiptera: delphacidae) attacking the local and hybrid maize varieties in Central Sulawesi-Indonesia: Identification, abundance and preferences
Authors: Saleh S , Anshary A , Yunus M , Syfa N , Lambertus N A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The planthopper may treat and reduce the corn productivity if not managed properly. This study aims to discover the planthopper species that attack the corn in Central Sulawesi and their abundance in the local and hybrid corn varieties. Three hybrid varieties (Pertiwi, Pioneer, and Arumba) and one local variety (Lamuru) of corn were used as the treatments. They were set up using a Randomized Block Design in 6 replications. The planthopper population was directly observed weekly both in the vegetative and generative stages and imago were randomly collected for identification at the laboratory. Differences in secondary metabolites of corn particularly total phenolic and silica content were analyzed. The study confirmed that the planthopper attacked corn in our study sites as the white-bellied planthopper Stenocranus pacificus Kirkaldy (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). The presence of the S. pacificus was first recorded 2 weeks after plantation (WAP) only at the Pertiwi variety. The highest population of S.pacificus was detected at 4 and 5 WAP and the most preferable variety was Pertiwi followed by Pioneer, Arumba, and Lamuru indicating that the hybrid variety seemed to be more susceptible to infest by planthopper than the local corn variety. Polyphenol but not silica contents of corn varieties may explain the preferences of planthoppers in attacking the corn
Compressive strength of mortar with addition of sawdust
Authors: Amir F , Maricar S , Mallisa Z , Pravita N D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The use of wood as a building material in the construction or other building elements results in the emergence of wood waste that has not been fully utilized, in the form of sawdust. One way to use wood industrial waste is to use it as a building material. In this study, industrial wood waste (sawdust) was used as a partial substitute for sand in building materials in the form of cement mortar. This study aims to determine the effect of adding sawdust of kala-kala wood to cement mortar on its compressive strength. The composition ratio of the mixture between cement and sand used was 1:3, with a water-cement ratio (FAS) of 0.6. The variations of sawdust used in the admixture are 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of the sand weight. The results showed that the compressive strength of cement mortar with sawdust composition to substitute the sand resulted in decreased trends when the sawdust percentage was increased. However, the use of sawdust as a filling material in cement mortar will greatly affect the decrease of its compressive strength, sawdust still can be used to substitute the sand in mortar mixture with optimum percentages of 2% to 8%.
Characteristics of rain that triggers landslides on the slopes of the Tawaeli-Toboli road
Authors: Martini  , Ramadhani S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Tawaeli Toboli road functions as a link between the city of Palu and the districts in Central Sulawesi in particular and cities on the island of Sulawesi in general. This road has a length of ± 45 km, the topography traversed by this road is mostly mountainous. Now, most of the Tawaeli Toboli roads are wide and smoothly paved. However, the problem is never resolved, namely the problem lies in landslides on the slopes, both the upper slopes and the lower slopes. If the upper slope lands, the road body will be buried, and if the lower slope falls, the road body will also collapse. Landslides often occur, especially during the rainy season. The decrease in slope stability due to rain depends on the intensity and duration. The amount of rain intensity that triggers landslides is influenced by soil mechanical parameters, such as the angle of friction in the soil. The greater the value of the soil friction angle, the higher the intensity of the landslide trigger. So it can be concluded that the intensity of the driving rain can be > 70 mm/hour or < 70 mm/hour depending on the magnitude of the mechanical properties of the soil.
Effects of dietary seaweed and carrageenan waste on performance and carcass quality of broiler
Authors: Sulistiawati D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Gracilaria sp. and Eucheuma cottonii are seaweeds that contain vitamins (vitamin A/β-carotene, B1, B2, B6, B12, and vitamin C) and minerals (potassium, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, and iodine). Carrageenan waste still has nutrients that can be used as animal feed. This study investigated the effects of Gracilaria sp., E. cottonii seaweed, and carrageenan waste in diets on broiler chickens’ growth and carcass components. 112 DOC broilers for 6 weeks in experimental cages at the Agribusiness Development Laboratory for Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Tadulako University, in South Sibalaya Village, Tanambulava District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 7 treatments and 4 replications. They were assigned to the control diet with 2.5% Gracilaria sp., 5% Gracilaria sp., 2.5% E. cottonii, 5% E. cottonii, 2.5% carrageenan waste, and 5% carrageenan waste. Broiler chicken’s parameters were feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and carcass components. Based on the results of this study, the best diet use was found in the use of 2.5% Gracilaria sp., 2.5% carrageenan waste, and 5% E. cottonii.
Thermography applied to buildings as an opportunity to detect thermal bridges. Case study: Ambato, Ecuador
Authors: Pazmiño Lucía , Ordóñez Ranzet , Zambrano Liz 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This research analyses the existence of thermal bridges in an urban context located at 2700 meters above sea level based on the analysis of thermal images of buildings taken in different ambient temperature conditions. The objective of this research is to expand and update the spectrum of analysis and detection of thermal bridges in an urban context, where environmental conditions change and increasingly reach higher and lower extreme peaks of temperature, which is why it is necessary to establish strategies for mitigation of thermal bridges and stabilization of internal temperatures, the materiality of the building envelope plays a very important role in this study. The methodology applied in this research is of mixed approach, qualitative in relation to the analysis and collection of information with thermal cards and photographs, and quantitative due to the comparison of thermal data obtained from the analysis and energy simulation of the case study. The qualitative results were obtained through the collection of thermographic information, the simulation of the house and focus on the detection of temperature leaks in an urban context of a building built in 2019 with contemporary materials and construction systems, the quantitative results were obtained from the energy simulation, which helped determine the failures in the envelope and thus could improve the energy performance of the building. The study concludes that currently, in spite of knowing the impact generated by climate change, improvements in the configuration of the envelope available in the market are not considered, which generates a negative impact on the perception of thermal comfort inside the building, it is also important to emphasize the importance of energy simulation in construction and design, since this helps to detect problems before building and to be more optimal when remodelling buildings.
Design of a load elevator as a measure to reduce ergonomic risks
Authors: Sarmiento-Ortiz Fabian , Topón-Visarrea Blanca , Iza Christian , Morales Joel , León Vecquer 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Manual handling of loads in work environments poses significant ergonomic risks, leading to musculoskeletal disorders and injuries. To address this, mechanical solutions are essential to optimize processes and ensure employees’ health and well-being. In this study utilized four methodologies: the Ergonomic Checklist, NIOSH Equation, Snook and Cirello Tables, and the INSHT Technical Guide. These tools evaluated the physical load and risks of manual lifting. Concurrently, a load lifter was developed, utilizing a tractor system powered by an electric motor and a chain hoist, all automated by a PLC. The evaluations highlighted the high risks of manual load handling. After implementation it reduced unacceptable risk to acceptable as well as the distance workers needed to manually move loads was reduced from 8 meters to 2 meters with the automatic lift, a 75% decrease and increasing process efficiency. The designed hoist has a 500 kg capacity, streamlining the product reception and storage process. The introduction of the freight elevator, as an ergonomic solution, is pivotal in reducing workplace risks and enhancing safety and efficiency. This research underscores the need to embrace advanced technologies to tackle ergonomic issues in work settings.
Investigation on mechanical properties of aluminum hybrid matrix composites reinforced with fly ash and titanium diboride using stir casting technique
Authors: S Sathish , S Solomon Raj , Nair Anish , S Sundaraselvan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aluminium hybrid matrix composites (AHMCs) is employed in the automotive and aerospace industries because to their high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and tribological properties. The objective of this research is to examine the metallurgical, mechanical, and corrosion characteristics of Aluminum hybrid matrix composites (AHMCs) produced by reinforcing LM25 alloy with 5% fly ash and varying percentages (4%, 8%, 12%) of TiB2 using the stir casting technique. The uniform distribution of reinforcing particles was verified by capturing images via SEM and EDAX. Density, Tensile strength, microhardness was conducted for the prepared AHMCs. The outcome reported there was an enhancement by adding reinforcement particles of fly ash and TiB2 comparing to the pure LM25 alloy. This improvement was attributed to the presence of fly ash and TiB2 particles, resulting in a higher dislocation density, with increasing TiB2 content demonstrating improved strength and ductility compared to conventional LM25 alloy.