bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Good” and “bad” frictions in customer experience: Conceptual foundations and implications
Authors: Padigar Manjunath , Li Yi , Manjunath Chandana N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBusinesses often strive for frictionless customer experiences, assuming that customers always desire seamless interactions. However, recent academic and practitioner discussions suggest that not all forms of friction are detrimental. Reconciling the conflicting views, we propose a framework that defines friction as simply the effort customers exert to complete tasks related to their consumption goals. Furthermore, drawing from the goal striving theory and customer experience literature, we identify and propose four types of friction based on dimensions of task desirability and task value: frustrating, constructive, preference‐based, and rewarding. Our framework challenges the prevailing business practice of eliminating all friction, as evidenced by a topic modeling analysis of announcements related to achieving frictionless customer experiences. Instead, we posit that while frustration friction should be minimized, the other three types of friction offer opportunities for businesses to enhance customer value. Particularly, we caution managers that eliminating constructive friction (i.e., customer effort in low‐desirability, high‐value tasks) may hinder value creation. We also recommend that managers find opportunities to infuse rewarding and preference‐based friction to enhance customer experience. By understanding these nuances, businesses can strike a balance between friction reduction and value optimization in their customer experience designs.
Property investigation of functionally graded materials leaf spring plate fabricated through stir casting process by using new gradient evaluation method
Authors: Singh R. K. , Singh R. C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAutomobile and aviation industries require lightweight solutions in the suspension system to improve overall performance and payload capacity. This can be achieved by materials having high strength to weight ratio. Fiber composites, known for their lightweight and high strength, face a major issue of delamination, which shortens the lifespan of fiber‐reinforced polymer leaf springs. Current researchers are emphasizing the use of functionally graded materials as a promising alternative to tackle this problem. In the present work, a functionally graded leaf spring plate was fabricated using stir casting technique with five layered gradations in the mid portion. The amount of molten material required for each gradation was ensured using a novel experimental technique. On the other hand, the matrix and reinforcement have been adopted from the output of the analysis conducted using CES EduPack 2019 software. Low density and high fatigue strength were primary focal point for the consideration of matrix and reinforcement materials. Aluminium 7075 and boron carbide were considered as matrix and reinforcement materials respectively. Stir casting technique, used in the present work, is simple, suitable and cost effective technique which creates a gradation at central part of the leaf.
Research progress of highly wear‐resistant and oxidation‐resistant polymer acetabular cup prosthesis
Authors: Yu L. , Wang K. J. , Jin F. B. , Guo Y. B. , Wang S. Q. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe polymer‐based acetabular cup prosthesis, a vital component of hip replacement surgery, significantly contributes to the recovery of patients afflicted with osteoarthritic conditions. Nevertheless, the current clinical usage of polymer acetabular cup prostheses commonly encounters the challenge of balancing wear resistance and oxidation resistance, significantly impacting both their lifespan and patients′ quality of life. Consequently, researchers have persistently enhanced the attributes of polymer acetabular cup prosthetic materials. These enhancements, including irradiation and filler modifications, are intended to concurrently bolster both the wear and oxidation resistance of the prosthesis materials. This comprehensive approach aims to address wear‐associated clinical complications like osteolysis and oxidative brittleness, ultimately extending their in vivo service life. For this reason, this paper retrospectively discusses the progress of research on the modification of polymer acetabular cup prosthesis materials for high wear and oxidation resistance and explores potential design methods for optimising artificial acetabular cup materials, with a view to providing new ideas for extending the service life of artificial joint implants.
The influence of the guide vane positioning on the flow field of a turbo air classifier
Authors: Liu K. , Chen W. , Gong Z. , Liu J. , Yu Y. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs the important component to guide the airflow in the classifier, installation position of the guide vane determines the width of the classification annular region and influences the flow field distribution. The influence of the guide vane positioning on the flow field in the annular region is analyzed through numerical simulation. The simulation results show the tangential velocities near the inner edge of the guide vanes increase, and the tangential velocity gradient decreases with decrease of the width of the annular region. The increases of turbulent dissipation rate near the guide vanes are beneficial to powder dispersion. However, the increases of turbulent dissipation rate near the rotor cage aren′t conducive to uniformity of the flow field. In case of the narrow annular region, the cut size gradually increases when the width of the annular region increases. However, when the width of the annular region continues to increase, the particle′s residence time become long, and the solid concentration increases significantly to increase the probability of particle aggregation. The reasonable range of the installation diameter of the guide vane in the classifier is between 504 mm and 524 mm.
Exploring Responsiveness to Highly Challenging Balance and Gait Training in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Albrecht Franziska , Johansson Hanna , Poulakis Konstantinos , Westman Eric , Hagströmer Maria , Franzén Erika 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundExercise potentially improves gait, balance, and habitual physical activity in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, given the heterogeneous nature of the disease, it is likely that people respond differently to exercise interventions. Factors determining responsiveness to exercise interventions remain unclear.ObjectivesTo address this uncertainty, we explored the responsiveness to our highly challenging balance and gait intervention (HiBalance) in people with PD.MethodsThirty‐nine participants with mild–moderate PD who underwent the HiBalance intervention from our randomized controlled trial were included. We defined response in three domains: (1) balance based on Mini‐BESTest, (2) gait based on gait velocity, and (3) physical activity based on accelerometry‐derived steps per day. In each domain, we explored three responsiveness levels: high, low, or non‐responders according to the change from pre‐ to post‐intervention. Separate Random Forests for each responder domain classified these responsiveness levels and identified variable importance.ResultsOnly the Random Forest for the balance domain classified all responsiveness levels above the chance level indicated by a Cohen's kappa of “slight” agreement. Variable importance differed among the responsiveness levels. Slow gait velocity indicated high responders in the balance domain but showed low probabilities for low and non‐responders. For low and non‐responders, fall history or no falls, respectively, were more important.ConclusionsAmong three responder domains and responsiveness levels, we could moderately classify responders in the balance domain, but not for the gait or physical activity domain. This can guide inclusion criteria for balance‐targeted, personalized intervention studies in people with PD.
Brain volume and microglial density changes are correlated in a juvenile mouse model of cranial radiation and CSF1R inhibitor treatment
Authors: Ayoub Ramy , Yang Sabrina , Ji Helen , Fan Lloyd , De Michino Steven , Mabbott Donald J. , Nieman Brian J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMicroglia have been shown to proliferate and become activated following cranial radiotherapy (CRT), resulting in a chronic inflammatory response. We investigated the role of microglia in contributing to widespread volume losses observed in the brain following CRT in juvenile mice. To manipulate microglia, we used low‐dose treatment with a highly selective CSF1R inhibitor called PLX5622 (PLX). We hypothesized that alteration of the post‐CRT microglia population would lead to changes in brain development outcomes, as evaluated by structural MRI. Wild‐type C57BL/6J mice were provided with daily intraperitoneal injections of PLX (25 mg/kg) or vehicle from postnatal day (P)14 to P19. Mice also received whole‐brain irradiation (7 Gy) or sham irradiation (0 Gy) at 16 days of age. In one cohort of mice, immunohistochemical assessment in tissue sections was conducted to assess the impact of the selected PLX and CRT doses as well as their combination. In a separate cohort, mice were imaged using MRI at P14 (pretreatment), P19, P23, P42 and P63 in order to assess induced volume changes, which were measured based on structures from a predefined atlas. We observed that PLX and radiation treatments led to sex‐specific changes in the microglial cell population. Across treatment groups, MRI‐detected anatomical volumes at P19 and P63 were associated with microglia and proliferating microglia densities, respectively. Overall, our study demonstrates that low‐dose PLX treatment produces a sex‐dependent response in juvenile mice, that manipulation of microglia alters CRT‐induced volume changes and that microglia density and MRI‐derived volume changes are correlated in this model.
Revisiting strain localization analysis for elastoplastic constitutive models in geomechanics
Authors: Hofer Paul , Neuner Matthias , Gamnitzer Peter , Hofstetter Günter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe localization of deformations plays a crucial role in the failure of granular materials. Concerning classical continuum constitutive models, the localization of deformations is considered to be connected to the loss of ellipticity of the governing rate equilibrium equations, and entails mesh sensitivity in finite element simulations. While previous studies are often limited to strain localization analyses of individual tests, the focus of the present contribution lies on studying the localization properties in general constitutive states. For this purpose, a staggered optimization algorithm for determining the loss of ellipticity, considering both extreme values, minimum and maximum, of the determinant of the acoustic tensor, is proposed. Part of this algorithm representing a novel application of spherical Fibonacci lattices for discretizing the feasible domain of the associated optimization problem. In the presented localization study of the widely recognized modified Cam‐clay model, special attention is paid to determining the influence of the individual model parameters. Specifically, three factors favoring strain localization are found, namely (i) a low value of the ratio of the primary compression index and the recompression index, (ii) a large value of the critical state frictional constant, as well as (iii) a large value of Poisson's ratio. Moreover, a structural finite element study is performed, confirming the results of localization analyses at the constitutive level.
Acceptance among the public of weight screening and interventions delivered by dental professionals: observational study
Authors: Large Jessica F. , Roalfe Andrea , Madigan Claire , Daley Amanda J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore the acceptability to the public of receiving weight screening and the offer of support to lose weight from dental teams.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted with recruitment of adults from dental practices and community and hospital settings in England and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Be Part of Research initiative.ResultsA total of 3580 participants were recruited across 22 dental sites and the NIHR Be Part of Research initiative. Sixty percent (n = 2055/3430) of participants reported that they would be comfortable with their height and weight being measured at a dental appointment. Male participants and those of non‐White race and ethnicity had significantly increased odds of accepting weight screening (odds ratio [OR]: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.66–2.36; OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.42–3.03). Fifty‐seven percent (n = 1915/3375) of participants reported that it would be acceptable for their dental team to offer support to help with weight management. Male participants and those of non‐White race and ethnicity had significantly increased odds of accepting support (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.49–2.13; OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.11–2.37). The most accepted form of support was provision of information on local weight‐management programs (n = 1989/2379, 83.6%).ConclusionsThe public is largely receptive to receiving weight screening and the offer of weight interventions from dental teams. Feasibility studies to test the implementation of lifestyle weight interventions in dental settings are required.
In‐situ preparation of modified‐halloysite/thermoset nanocomposites via thiol‐epoxy click chemistry
Authors: Bekin Acar Seda 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the current study, thermoset nanocomposites including halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) have been prepared through thiol‐epoxy click reaction at ambient conditions. Naturally available HNTs are first modified separately by epoxy and thiol groups and used as nanofillers in a mixture of trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether and trimethylolpropane tris(3‐mercaptopropionate) ranging from 0 to 5 wt%. Fourier transformed infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy has been used to observe the characteristic bands of the pure and modified halloysite, neat thermoset, and HNT/thermoset nanocomposites. Thermal properties of epoxide‐modified and thiol‐modified halloysite nanotubes and also final thermoset nanocomposites have been investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) by comparing pure halloysite and neat thermoset, respectively. The dispersion of HNT nanotubes in thermoset matrix has been examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition to the agglomerated/non‐agglomerated distribution, the present of HNT has been proved by EDX. The effect of HNT‐Epoxide and HNT‐Thiol loadings on mechanical properties has been examined by tensile test. All nanocomposites were found to exhibit better tensile strength than that of neat thermoset, called as reference sample. The most enhanced mechanical properties have been detected in the nanocomposite with 3% modified‐HNTs by weight because of the best dispersion, which promotes effective interactions between the nanotubes and thermoset matrix. Tensile strength of thermoset nanocomposites increased by 43% and 62%, while elongation at break increased by 58% and 149% when 3 wt% HNT‐Epoxide and 3 wt% HNT‐Thiol were added to the matrix, respectively. Further increase of HNT added to the matrix causes agglomeration of nanotubes and thus deterioration of mechanical properties.Highlights
Pure HNT was modified and successfully converted into HNT‐Epoxide and HNT‐Thiol.
In‐situ preparation of thermoset nanocomposites with modified‐HNTs was effectively achieved via thiol‐epoxy click chemistry.
Mechanical properties increased significantly with both HNT‐Epoxide and HNT‐Thiol loading ratio up to 3 wt%.
The presence and agglomerated/non‐agglomerated dispersion of modified‐HNTs in the thermoset matrix were verified by SEM–EDX analysis.
Ballistic impact performance of aramid fabrics impregnated with single‐phase shear thickening fluids STFs and SiC additive multi‐phase shear thickening fluids
Authors: Ercümen Kadir Münir , Aydin Murat 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study presents STF/Fabric composite configurations by impregnating single‐phase shear thickening fluids (S‐STF) and multi‐phase shear thickening fluids (M‐STF) into aramid fabrics. S‐STFs were first prepared at different concentrations by weight (25%, 40%, 55%, and 65%). In addition, M‐STFs were produced by adding silicon carbide (SiC) additive to S‐STFs. As a result of the impregnation of the produced STFs on Aramid fabrics, 30‐layer composite samples were prepared. To determine the ballistic performance of the produced samples, tests were carried out with a single‐stage gas gun system. The shots were performed at an average velocity of 670 m/s. Ballistic tests show that STF‐impregnated fabric samples have better ballistic performance compared to fabric without STF. The STF65/Aramid sample is notable for a 238% increase in energy absorption. In addition, the STF40SiC10/Aramid composite sample produced with M‐STF was found to absorb 18.7% more energy compared to the STF40/Aramid sample. It has been confirmed that keeping the weight ratio of the additive at an optimum level will contribute to ballistic performance. These results contributed to determining the optimum concentration amount for STF/Aramid composites at high speed.Highlights
S‐STF and SiC additive M‐STFs were produced.
STFs were impregnated into 30‐layer Aramid fabrics.
Ballistics tests were performed on S‐STF/Aramid and M‐STF/Aramid composite samples with a single‐stage gas gun system.
The effects of S‐STF and M‐STF on ballistic performance were investigated.
The addition of STF enhanced ballistic performance by increasing energy absorption.
Bending fatigue performance of three‐dimensional woven composites—A review
Authors: Zhao Shibo , Chen Li , Gao Ziyue , Wang Jingjing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThree‐dimensional woven composites (3DWCs) are gradually used in marine, transportation, military, and other applications owing to their high interlayer properties, load‐bearing capacity, and good near‐net‐shape forming abilities. 3DWCs are often subjected to bending fatigue loads, which negatively affect the lives of structural parts. In this review, typical types of preform structures and their evolution characteristics are described, and the micro‐modeling methods for 3DWCs are discussed. The effect of the warp yarn paths on the bending properties and the preform structure on the bending fatigue properties of 3DWCs are summarized, and the application and current status of microstructural models in the study of bending fatigue properties are summarized. In addition, the bending fatigue mechanical properties, damage evolution process, and modes of failure in 3DWCs are discussed. The study status and development of the fatigue life models of the laminated composites and 3DWCs are summarized, and future research work is prospected. This review may be beneficial to preform structural design and contribute to the study bending fatigue properties of 3DWCs.Highlights
The microstructural modeling methods for 3DWCs.
Types and variation patterns of 3D woven preform structures are described.
Effects of the structure on the bending performance are discussed.
Bending fatigue properties of 3DWCs are summarized.
The development trends of predicting the lifespans of composites.
Forgetfulness in adult attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder masks transient epileptic amnesia: a case report
Authors: Fukao Takashi , Fujiwara Masaki , Yamada Yuto , Sakamoto Shinji , Matsumoto Yosuke , Takaki Manabu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundInattention due to attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can lead to forgetfulness. Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) can cause forgetfulness, similar to ADHD. We report a patient with ADHD who developed TEA.Case PresentationThe patient was a 40‐year‐old woman with ADHD. She has been prone to forgetfulness since childhood. Two years before visiting our outpatient clinic, she had begun to occasionally forget events that had occurred several days earlier. However, she was largely unaware of the emergence of new amnestic symptoms. She had also begun to experience various other amnestic symptoms 2 months before she visited our clinic, which prompted her to visit our outpatient clinic. The combination of a detailed interview, electroencephalography (EEG) examination, and consideration of TEA enabled us to diagnose her with TEA and provide treatment accordingly. In our patient, daily forgetfulness due to ADHD delayed the recognition of new additional forgetfulness attributed to TEA.ConclusionPsychiatrists need to consider TEA when patients with ADHD present with changes in or exacerbation of forgetfulness.
The platform policy matrix: Promotion and regulation
Authors: Kim Junic , Ahn Shanghe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study provides a comprehensive analysis of policy measures adopted by countries in response to the rapid growth of digital platforms, which significantly impact various sectors and national economies. It examines the delicate balance between regulation and innovation, offering nuanced policy recommendations. Central to this study is the introduction of the “Platform Policy Matrix,” a strategic framework that explores the relationship between innovation encouragement and regulatory stringency in platform economies. The matrix is divided into four quadrants: “Regulatory Innovation,” “Accelerated Innovation,” “Laissez‐Faire,” and “Stringent Regulation.” This framework aims to guide policymakers in achieving a balance that protects consumers while fostering a competitive and innovative environment. The study advocates for a multifaceted approach that recognizes the unique characteristics of digital platforms. It underscores the necessity for policies that simultaneously promote innovation and enforce necessary regulations in rapidly evolving platform ecosystems. This approach ensures that innovation thrives while maintaining essential regulatory oversight, adapting policy frameworks to the dynamic nature of digital platforms.
Artificial intelligence (AI) and process safety: Some cautionary observations
Authors: Frank Walter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has become a vogue topic in the press, and descriptions of its potential impact range from apocalyptic to salvational. Interest in the topic will no doubt stimulate the search for applications to support both the technical and management systems aspects of process safety management. Within our industries, maintaining institutional memory and technical capability is made increasingly challenging by more frequent job movement among younger staff and the loss to the retirement of more senior staff. One would hope that AI could help fill the gaps caused by these factors. However, the author's sampling of current AI capabilities suggests that AI is not yet ready to do so. This paper provides some examples of errors and insufficiencies identified when seeking AI assistance in addressing process safety issues. It also suggests some existing challenges to better “training” of AI to support the needs of the process safety community. It concludes that caution should be applied, especially by less experienced personnel, when seeking AI assistance in addressing process safety–related technical matters.