bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reply to the Commentary on "Critical phenomena in the spreading of opinion consensus and disagreement"
Authors: Chacoma A. , Zanette Damián H. 
Published: August 2014

A Reply to the Commentary by F. Bagnoli [Pap. Phys. 6, 060004 (20014)]. Received: 3 August 2014, Accepted: 3 August 2014; Edited by: G. Martinez Mekler; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.060005Cite as: A Chacoma, D H Zanette, Papers in Physics 6, 060005 (2014)
USO DO TERRITÓRIO NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE CAMPINAS: o que se mostra no inventário da cultura Hip Hop (2005)
Authors: Alves Cristiano Nunes 
Published: August 2014

Problematiza-se a metropolização corporativa na Região Metropolitana de Campinas a partir do estudo do uso do território pelo circuito hip hop. Primeiramente, aborda-se o contexto de periferização e segregação da metrópole campineira. Em seguida, destaca-se o inventário da cultura hip hop na Região, constituído por informações primárias reunidas entre os anos de 2003 e 2005. O inventário assinala a existência de cerca de 300 grupos de rap, o que corresponde a cerca de mil pessoas cantando o gênero musical da cultura hip hop, além de apontar a ação de cerca de 250 grafiteiros e dançarinos de break espalhados por catorze cidades da Região. O circuito envolve órgãos articuladores, rádios livres, lojas de artigos hip hop e estúdios fonográficos, entre outros. Observa-se a aproximação de parte dos militantes do hip hop com partidos políticos, num exemplo da cultura tornada movimento institucionalizado. A manifestação dos elementos do hip hop dá-se basicamente nas periferias da Região em especial nas cidades de Campinas, Sumaré e Hortolândia. Destaca-se o uso do espaço público como tática primeira da cultura das ruas, num calendário que propicía o encontro de diferentes agentes periféricos em seus eventos artísticos. Almeja-se refletir sobre as alternativas para o estudo dos circuitos culturais no território usado, acredita-se, uma maneira de melhor compreender a dinâmica urbana contemporânea.
The Tahoe Study: Bias in the Interpretation of Papanicolaou Test Results When Human Papillomavirus Status Is Known
Authors: Moriarty Ann T. , Nayar Ritu , Arnold Terry , Gearries Lisa , Renshaw Andrew , Thomas Nicole , Souers Rhona 
Published: August 2014

Context.—Knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) status is expected to bias the morphologic evaluation of Papanicolaou (Pap) test results.Objective.—To characterize Pap test result interpretive bias when the HPV status is known at the microscopic evaluation.Design.—Forty HPV-positive liquid-based Pap test results initially interpreted as negative for squamous intraepithelial lesion or malignancy were selected from a quality assurance program, separated into 2 groups of 20 slides each, and circulated in 2 groups to 22 members of the College of American Pathologists Cytopathology Committee. Each member reviewed each case and indicated whether the result was negative for squamous intraepithelial lesion or malignancy or was an epithelial cell abnormality (ECA). The participants assessed the severity of ECAs using the Bethesda System. The participants were not informed of the HPV status in the initial review round. Each group of 20 slides was then distributed to the opposite group (to avoid slide recall), and the participants were informed that all slides were from patients who were high-risk HPV positive. Differences in the responses between groups were analyzed by χ2 test and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test at the .05 significance level.Results.—Without knowledge of the HPV status, slides were more often categorized as negative for squamous intraepithelial lesion or malignancy and less likely identified as an ECA (P &lt; .001). There was an increase across all categories of ECAs in the biased responses compared with the unbiased responses (P = .002).Conclusions.—Knowledge of positive HPV status biases morphologic Pap test result interpretation. If the HPV status is positive, observers are more likely to report a Pap test result as abnormal across all categories of ECAs.
Verifying Performance Characteristics of Quantitative Analytical Systems: Calibration Verification, Linearity, and Analytical Measurement Range
Authors: Killeen Anthony A. , Long Tom , Souers Rhona , Styer Patricia , Ventura Christina B. , Klee George G. 
Published: August 2014

Context.—Both the regulations in the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA) and the checklists of the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Laboratory Accreditation Program require clinical laboratories to verify performance characteristics of quantitative test systems. Laboratories must verify performance claims when introducing an unmodified, US Food and Drug Administration–cleared or approved test system, and they must comply with requirements for periodic calibration and calibration verification for existing test systems. They must also periodically verify the analytical measurement range of many quantitative test systems.Objective.—To provide definitions for many of the terms used in these regulations, to describe a set of basic analyses that laboratories may adapt to demonstrate compliance with both CLIA and the CAP Laboratory Accreditation Program checklists for performing calibration verification and for verifying the analytical measurement range of test systems, to review some of the recommended procedures for establishing performance goals, and to provide data illustrating the performance goals used in some of the CAP's calibration verification and linearity surveys.Data Sources.—The CAP's calibration verification and linearity survey programs, the CLIA regulations, the Laboratory Accreditation Program requirements, and published literature were used to meet these objectives.Conclusions.—Calibration verification and linearity and analytical measurement range verification should be performed using suitable materials with assessment of results using well-defined evaluation protocols. We describe the CAP's calibration verification and linearity programs that may be used for these purposes.
Q-Probes Studies in Anatomic Pathology: Quality Improvement Through Targeted Benchmarking
Authors: Tworek Joseph A. , Volmar Keith E. , McCall Shannon J. , Bashleben Christine P. , Howanitz Peter J. 
Published: August 2014

Context.—The Q-Probes program is a peer-comparison quality assurance service offered by the College of American Pathologists that was created in 1989.Objective.—To establish national benchmarks around a specific quality metric at a specific point in time in anatomic pathology (AP).Design.—Q-Probes are based on a voluntary subscription for an individual study. Hospital-based laboratories in the United States, Canada, and 16 other countries have participated. Approximately one-third of all Q-Probes studies address AP metrics. Each Q-Probes study has a primary quality indicator and additional minor indicators.Results.—There have been 52 AP Q-Probes studies addressing process-, outcome-, and structure-related quality assurance issues. These Q-Probes studies often represented the first standardized national benchmark for specific metrics in the disciplines of cytopathology, surgical pathology, and autopsy pathology, and as such have been cited more than 1700 times in peer-reviewed literature. The AP Q-Probes studies that have been repeated over time demonstrate improvement in laboratory performance across an international spectrum.Conclusions.—The Q-Probes program has produced important national benchmarks in AP, addressing preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic factors in the disciplines of cytopathology, surgical pathology, and autopsy pathology. Q-Probes study data have been published, cited, and used in the creation of laboratory accreditation standards and other national guidelines.
Reducing the power consumption in LTE‐Advanced wireless access networks by a capacity based deployment tool
Authors: Deruyck Margot , Joseph Wout , Tanghe Emmeric , Martens Luc 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAs both the bit rate required by applications on mobile devices and the number of those mobile devices are steadily growing, wireless access networks need to be expanded. As wireless networks also consume a lot of energy, it is important to develop energy‐efficient wireless access networks in the near future. In this study, a capacity‐based deployment tool for the design of energy‐efficient wireless access networks is proposed. Capacity‐based means that the network responds to the instantaneous bit rate requirements of the users active in the selected area. To the best of our knowledge, such a deployment tool for energy‐efficient wireless access networks has never been presented before. This deployment tool is applied to a realistic case in Ghent, Belgium, to investigate three main functionalities incorporated in LTE‐Advanced: carrier aggregation, heterogeneous deployments, and Multiple‐Input Multiple‐Output (MIMO). The results show that it is recommended to introduce femtocell base stations, supporting both MIMO and carrier aggregation, into the network (heterogeneous deployment) to reduce the network's power consumption. For the selected area and the assumptions made, this results in a power consumption reduction up to 70%. Introducing femtocell base stations without MIMO and carrier aggregation can already result in a significant power consumption reduction of 38%.
Slab rollback instability and supercontinent dispersal
Authors: Bercovici David , Long Maureen D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSupercontinents coalesce over subduction zone complexes and their subsequent dispersal is usually attributed to heating and upwelling of continent‐insulated mantle. This dispersal mechanism, however, requires considerable mantle internal heating. Alternatively, the supercontinent configuration may be mechanically unstable and disperse regardless of heating mode. In particular, increased drag on plates or subducting slabs (e.g., by accumulating continents) causes them to slow down and trenches to rollback. Once subcontinental slabs are slightly separated, resistance to their descent increases, inducing further trench migration. Slabs thus undergo a rollback instability, which disperses supercontinents. A simple theoretical model illustrates this instability and shows that there are two equilibrium states, one unstable supercontinent state where slabs are conjoined and one stable state where slabs are widely separated. Slab rollback from the unstable to stable states occurs at typical slow tectonic speeds and over a period commensurate with the age of ocean basins and the Wilson cycle.
An Empirical Evaluation of Intelligence‐gathering Interrogation Techniques from the United States Army Field Manual
Authors: Evans Jacqueline R. , Houston Kate A. , Meissner Christian A. , Ross Amy B. , LaBianca Julia R. , Woestehoff Skye A. , Kleinman Steven M. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryDespite growing interest in intelligence interviewing, there is little empirical research directly addressing interrogations conducted with the goal of collecting human intelligence (HUMINT). The current study used an experimental intelligence‐gathering paradigm to test the efficacy of two clusters of emotion‐based interrogation approaches from the US Army Field Manual. Results suggest that both Positive and Negative Emotional Approaches increased the collection of information from both guilty and innocent participants when compared with a Direct Approach. While the emotional approaches produced similar gains in information regardless of valence, positive approaches reduced anxiety, increased perceptions of a fostering atmosphere, and enhanced the relationship between fostering atmosphere and information gain. The implications for the use of these techniques in the intelligence interviewing context are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Governance Structure of Chinese Farmer Cooperatives: Evidence From Zhejiang Province
Authors: Liang Qiao , Hendrikse George , Huang Zuhui , Xu Xuchu 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe governance of farmer cooperatives in China is addressed regarding democratic decision‐making procedures, participation in decision making, member exit, and profit allocation. Empirical results from a survey of fruit and vegetable cooperatives in the Zhejiang province (China) indicate that the distribution of ownership rights, decision rights, and income rights in a farmer cooperative is quite skewed towards a small proportion of members. Several governance practices by cooperatives are not in line with the requirements specified by the Law. [EconLit classification; D210; Q130].
A meta‐analysis of pica and micronutrient status
Authors: Miao Diana , Young Sera L. , Golden Christopher D. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesPica is the craving for and consumption of nonfood items, including the ingestion of earth (geophagy), raw starch (amylophagy), and ice (pagophagy). Pica has long been associated with micronutrient deficiencies, but the strength of this relationship is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association between pica behavior and the risk of being anemic or having low hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), or plasma zinc (Zn) concentrations.MethodsWe systematically reviewed studies in which micronutrient levels were reported by pica status. We calculated the pooled odds ratio for anemia or weighted mean difference in Hb, Hct, or Zn concentrations between groups practicing or not practicing pica behaviors.ResultsForty‐three studies including 6,407 individuals with pica behaviors and 10,277 controls were identified. Pica was associated with 2.35 times greater odds of anemia (95% CI: 1.94–2.85, P < 0.001), lower Hb concentration (−0.65 g/dl, 95% CI: −0.83 to −0.48 g/dl, P < 0.001), lower Hct concentration (−1.15%, 95% CI: −1.61 to −0.70%, P < 0.001), and lower Zn concentration (−34.3 μg/dl, 95% CI: −59.58 to −9.02 μg/dl, P = 0.008). Statistical significance persisted after excluding outliers and in subgroup analyses by pica type and life stage.ConclusionPica is significantly associated with increased risk for anemia and low Hb, Hct, and plasma Zn. Although the direction of the causal relationship between pica and micronutrient deficiency is unknown, the magnitude of these relationships is comparable to other well‐recognized causes of micronutrient deficiencies. Pica warrants greater public health attention; specifically the potential physiological mechanisms underpinning the relationship between pica and micronutrient deficiencies merit further study. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:84–93, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploratory analysis of an optimal variable speed control system for a recurrently congested freeway bottleneck
Authors: Yang Xianfeng , Lu Yang (Carl) , Chang Gang‐Len 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThis study presents two models for proactive variable speed limit (VSL) control on a recurrently congested freeway segment. The proposed model uses embedded traffic flow relations to predict the evolution of congestion patterns over the projected time horizon, and then computes the time‐varying optimal speed limit to smooth traffic flows. To contend with the uncertainties associated with drivers' responses to VSL control, this study has also proposed an advanced model that further adopts Kalman Filter to enhance the traffic state estimation. Both models have been investigated with two control objectives—travel time minimization and speed variance minimization. Our extensive simulation analysis with a VISSIM simulator, calibrated with field data from our previous VSL field demonstration, has revealed the benefits of the proposed VSL control models. Also, the experimental results indicated that the proposed advanced models with both control objectives can significantly reduce the travel time over the recurrent bottleneck locations. With respect to several selected measure of effectiveness (MOEs), such as average number of stops and average travel time, the research results confirm that the control models with the objective of minimizing speed variance can offer the promising properties for field implementation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molekül‐ und Gitterschwingungen des orthorhombischen und ferroelektrischen Thioharnstoffs: II. Berechnung der innermolekularen und zwischenmolekularen Kraftkonstanten
Authors: Bleckmann Von P. , Schrader B. , Meier W. , Takahashi H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDie Frequenzen und Bewegungsformen der in den Infrarot‐ und Raman‐Spektren des kristallinen Thioharnstoffs auftretenden Schwingungen der Elementarzellen werden unter Berücksichtigung der Schwingungszustände der Moleküle und des Gitters berechnet. Die Potentialfunktionen enthalten für die inneren Schwingungen der Moleküle Kraftkonstanten eines allgemeinen Valenzkraftfeldes, für die äußeren Molekülschwingungen (Gitterschwingungen) werden lediglich Valenzkraftkonstanten in Richtung aller zwischenmolekularen Atomabstände mit Werten kleiner als 3,4 Å zugrundegelegt. Die nach unseren Berechnungen ermittelten Kraftkonstanten für die H···H‐Abstände stimmen mit denjenigen überein, die von Shimanouchi theoretisch begründet und angewandt wurden [1, 3]. Die Schwingungsfrequenzen des Thioharnstoffs im Bereich von 700 bis 1370 cm−1 können keinen bestimmten inneren Koordinaten einzeln zugeordnet werden. Sie verteilen sich über die C – N‐ und C – S‐Valenzschwingungen sowie Deformationsschwingungen des Gerüstes und der NH2‐Gruppen. Auch bei den Schwingungen mit niedrigen Frequenzen (<550 cm−1) kann man klar zwischen den inneren Schwingungen und denjenigen, die zum überwiegenden Teil von zwischenmolekularen Kräften abhängen, unterscheiden, obwohl die Lagen einiger innerer Schwingungen auch von zwischenmolekularen Kräften abhängig sind und die Frequenzen der Gitterschwingungen von inneren Kraftkonstanten der Moleküle mitbestimmt werden. Die beobachteten Temperaturabhängigkeiten sowie die Faktorgruppen‐Aufspaltungen werden von der Theorie qualitativ gut wiedergegeben.
Untersuchungen zur Oxydation von 1‐Phenylpyrazolidon(3) und seinem 5,5‐Dimethylderivat: II. Struktur der Reaktionsprodukte und Reaktionsmechanismus
Authors: Vogel Von D. , Jaenicke W. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMit Hilfe der IR‐, Massen‐, Elektronenanregungs‐ und Elektronenresonanzspektren werden die Konstitution und der Bildungsmechanismus des violetten Produkts untersucht, das bei der Stabilisierung der Primärradikale von 1‐Phenyl‐5,5‐dimethylpyrazolidon(3) entsteht. Im geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Schritt reagiert der Amidstickstoff eines Primärradikals mit dem Phenylende eines zweiten unter Bildung eines neuen Radikals. Diesem Schritt folgt eine homologe Polymerisation, die bis zum Polymerisationsgrad 5 nachweisbar ist. Bei der Eliminierung des H am Phenylrest bilden sich gleichzeitig die entsprechenden am Stickstoff hydrierten Verbindungen. Diese lassen sich mit Diphenylpikrylhydrazyl unter Rückbildung der violetten Radikale titrieren. Die Radikale gehören zum Typ der Goldschmidtschen Hydrazyle. Analoge Reaktionen treten als Nebenreaktionen bei anderen 1‐Phenyl‐pyrazolidonen auf.
Meßwerte des zweiten Virialkoeffizienten einiger gesättigter Kohlenwasserstoffe von 300—500 K
Authors: Strein Von K. , Lichtenthaler R. N. , Schramm B. , Schäfer Kl 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEs wird über eine Apparatur berichtet, die es gestattet, den Temperaturverlauf des zweiten Virialkoeffizienten von gesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffen und Edelgasen von 300 – 500 K zu messen. Die Ergebnisse für die reinen Gase Methan, Äthan, Propan, n‐Butan, iso‐Butan, Neopentan und die Gasmischungen Argon‐Methan, Argon‐Neopentan und Methan‐Neopentan werden angegeben. Die Meßergebnisse der reinen Gase zusammen mit Daten der Viskosität werden mit Lennard‐Jones‐n,m‐Potentialen beschrieben.
Mechanism of Formation and Dissociation of Nickel‐II‐thiocyanate and Nickel‐II‐chloride Complexes in Dimethyl Sulfoxide [1]
Authors: Dickert F. , Hoffmann H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe solutions of Ni(SCN)2 and NiCl2 in dimethyl sulfoxide were investigated with a pressure jump apparatus and a shocktube. The rate constants of formation and dissociation for the mono‐complexes of Ni(SCN)2 and NiCl2 were determined. In the case of the more stable complex Ni(SCN)2, two relaxation times were found and so the evaluation of the rate constants of the bis‐complex was possible. According to Eigen's association mechanism the results are interpreted. The estimated dimethyl sulfoxide exchange rate from the nickel ion is in good agreement with NMR data. The dimethyl sulfoxide exchange rate is accelerated by a coordinated thiocyanate ligand by a factor of ten.
Über die Fluoreszenz p‐substituierter adsorbierter Azoverbindungen
Authors: Rau Von Hermann 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDas Fluoreszenzvermögen von Azobenzol und asymmetrisch substituierten Azobenzolen, die an Trägern verschiedener Polarität adsorbiert sind, wird untersucht. Azoverbindungen, bei denen die n → π*‐Bande deutlich von der π → π*‐Bande getrennt ist, fluoreszieren nicht, die, bei denen die n → π*‐Bande nicht abgesetzt ist, können fluoreszieren. Das Kriterium für die Fluoreszenzfähigkeit dieser adsorbierten Verbindungen wird in der Vertauschung der relativen energetischen Lage der (n,π*)‐ und (π, π*)‐Zustände gesehen.
A Deuteron Spin‐Lattice Relaxation Study of the Water‐Dioxane System
Authors: Tomchuk E. , Czubryt J. J. , Chatterjee N. , Bock E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA deuteron spin‐lattice relaxation study of the water‐dioxane system has been carried out. It was found that the deuteron relaxation results were in complete agreement with the conclusions derived from proton spin‐lattice relaxation studies, reported earlier, viz: the microdynamical environment of the dioxane molecule in dilute aqueous solutions is strongly concentration dependent and is closely related to the solution viscosity. It was also found that the quadrupole coupling constant of deuterated dioxane is concentration independent and has a value of 175 kHz and 171 kHz in pure dioxane and in infinitely dilute aqueous solution respectively.
Biological Applications of Expanded Genetic Codes
Authors: Li Xiang , Liu Chang C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSubstantial efforts in the past decade have resulted in the systematic expansion of genetic codes, allowing for the direct ribosomal incorporation of ∼100 unnatural amino acids into bacteria, yeast, mammalian cells, and animals. Here, we illustrate the versatility of expanded genetic codes in biology and bioengineering, focusing on the application of expanded genetic codes to problems in protein, cell, synthetic, and experimental evolutionary biology. As the expanded genetic code field continues to develop, its place as a foundational technology in the whole of biological sciences will solidify.
Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Indoles Exclusively in Water Catalyzed by Ionic Liquid Supported on a Polyacrylonitrile Fiber: A Simple “Release and Catch” Catalyst
Authors: Shi Xian‐Lei , Lin Huikun , Li Pengyu , Zhang Wenqin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA series of ionic liquids supported on polyacrylonitrile fibers (FSILs) served as “release and catch” catalysts to mediate the Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles exclusively in water. Detailed characterization by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and SEM confirmed that a significant amount of ionic liquid was immobilized on the surface layer of the fiber, and excellent results, in terms of the simple procedure, high yields (87–96 %), and superior catalytic recyclability (over 10 cycles), are reported for the metal and cosolvent‐free synthesis of a wide variety of bis(indolyl)methanes at room temperature. The reason why the reaction catalyzed with FSILs only proceeded in water is explained, and a “release and catch” catalytic mechanism is proposed. Moreover, the procedures can be scaled up efficiently, and the solvent can be recovered and reused without contamination. The prominent features of the fiber catalyst are very attractive for fixed‐bed reactors in the chemical industry.