bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Injection Enhancement in Tight Carbonate Reservoir through Stim Tunnelling Stimulation Technology. A case study
Authors: Ortiz Requena Jhon Robert , Fawzy Ahmed Mohamed , Fahim Mohamed Abdulla , Mohamed Noordin Firdaus Bin , Bin Ujal Noor Nasriq 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Conventional acid stimulation has been widely used in carbonate formations. When it comes to horizontal Open Hole environments, this technique has proved to fall behind the challenge of properly distributing the stimulation fluid along the bare lateral section. The non-effective fluid diversion issue is mainly associated with reservoir heterogeneities that are usually encountered in the subsurface such as fractures, permeability variations, reservoir pressure contrasts, to name a few. All this is also the cause for uneven downhole production and injection profiles, producing early breakthrough and sometimes leading to lower sweep efficiency.
ADCO (Abu Dhabi Company for Oil Onshore Operations) has been continuously encouraging implementation of new technologies aiming to maximize the effectiveness of matrix stimulation treatments. Recently, Stim Tunneling was screened for trial in a tight limestone formation in a Giant Oil Field. Stim Tunneling is a selective stimulation technique designed to enhance reservoir-wellbore contact by creating tunnels into the rock through rock dissolution.
Reservoir-A, is an Oil Carbonate Formation currently undergoing a pattern and peripheral injection scheme. The main reservoir consists of several units with subsequence layers exhibiting strong permeability variation ranging from 1 md to 10 md. Presence of fractures have been also confirmed in Bore Hole Image logs. The Stim Tunneling trial was performed in a WAG injector of an inverted 9-spot. The well was selected as a candidate for the stimulation trial seeking increased injectivity and optimized down hole injection profile.
The stimulation job design consisted of creating a series of tunnels distributed along the lateral open hole using 15% HCl acid. The performance of the well after stimulation improved remarkably with Injectivity Index increase 3 times. A case study is discussed in the paper, presenting advantages and limitations of the technology as well as lessons learned derived from the final results.
An Innovative and Interactive Tool to Optimize Well Placement and Qualify Reservoir Risks
Authors: Zhao Wenyang , Al-Neaimi Ahmed Khaleefa , Saif Omar Yousef , Al-Feky Mohamed Helmy , Ahmad Fazeel , Al-Alyak Abbas 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The importance of an optimum well placement cannot be over-emphasized, because well location is one of the key factors that dominate the success of a field development plan. Well placement is a challenging and complicated process due to the complexity of reservoir, especially for a mature reservoir. The process of determining the optimized well location requires multi-disciplinary input and collaboration. In order to optimize the analysis process, this paper presents an innovative and interactive tool, which utilizes a 2-D map format to visualize the multi-disciplinary data, including reservoir management, reservoir simulation, geology, geophysics, and petrophysics. Following the analysis workflow, well target and risks can be optimized and identified by engineers through analyzing various maps, including well status map, well trajectory map, pressure map, production map, net oil thickness map, simulation confidence map, productivity index map, rock facies map, etc. The data that cannot display into map format can be accessed through links integrated in the tool.
This ADMA-OPCO offshore field is a giant field, which has been producing for almost 50 years. As a current Mid-term development plan, more than 40 new wells and 90 existing wells will be drilled or worked over from the multi-layer reservoirs. The well placement is a critical activity to achieve a sound field development plan. By utilizing the novel tool and workflow, all the planned wells have been reviewed and optimized based on current reservoir situation. Prioritization has been evaluated based on the risks and reservoir requirements. Opportunities of quick wins have been identified during the process as well. Successful completions of wells after optimization have confirmed the value of the new tool. Besides, since reservoir condition is dynamic, the tool would be utilized frequently to capture the new updated information.
The Right People in the Right Place
Authors: Al Mheiri Jawaher 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The main objective of process safety competency mapping is to identify and describe the factors which are critical to the function of a particular job and work so that a match can be established between the skills required to perform a job and actual talent of job holder. Through the process of competency mapping these goals become employee performance benchmarks and help to identify training needs, to depute right kind of people for the right job that ultimately increase the productivity and performance of employees.
In order to map the competency properly, assessors shall gather a range of evidences through employee’s educational record, observations, supervisor’s reports, and questioning. As an example, key steps for competencies implementation for a specific job are divided into following four steps: Step 1: Mastery, Knowledge, Skills and Awareness competence criteria identification required for functioning of jobs and tasks – What are the refinery’s needs?Step 2: Identify Candidates and determine how those needs will be achieved either by utilizing external trainers or in house trainersStep 3: Build individual competency through their natural abilities, education, training, and experience. Formal training classes provide the basic awareness and knowledge necessary, but advanced skills require application and hands-on experienceStep 4: Measure and evaluate results, reevaluate needs
A competency matrix is developed for all level of staff to identify training needs, functional skill statement, training contents, skill area, performance and assessment criteria and relationship with other competency established to perform a job and actual talent of job holder.
Based on these results, management can carry out focused planning and develop customized training programs at individual as well as group level to achieve consistent and sustainable refinery performance.
Resolving Challenging Complexity of UnPiggable Pipelines Through Innovation
Authors: Al Dhanhani Khalfan , Al Shehhi Saif , Al Hammadi Hassan , Sayed Talal A , Al Kalllinkil Shammas 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
ADMA-OPCO subsea flare lines are unpiggable and exceeded the design life. These lines have never been internally inspected. To use conventional pigging and IP method of inspection on these unpiggable flare lines is high risk operations and will require long duration of pipeline shutdown.
By utilizing the new MTM technology in combination with verification technique like AUT, inspection of such pipelines are made possible, making risk management on such pipelines a reality. This technichue avoid production loss, no issues of stuck pig and modifications when performing the inspection. MTM detects magnetic anomalies caused by mechanically stressed area on a pipeline from external survey.
MTM device is attached to ROV and swim along the pipeline and collects magnetic anomalies readings; the critical locations can be detected and verified by AUT on the spot (or later). It detects metal losses and other overstress anomalies such as dents and buckles.
In combination with AUT survey and FFS/RLA, a comprehensive report is made to assess and ensuring safe operation of unpiggable piplines both subsea and underground.
Simultaneous Estimation of Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure for PUNQ-S3 Model with A Damped Iterative Ensemble Kalman Filter Technique
Authors: Zhang Yin , Yang Daoyong , Li Heng , Patil Shirish 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A damped iterative ensemble Kalman filter (IEnKF) algorithm has been proposed to estimate relative permeability and capillary pressure curves simultaneously for the PUNQ-S3 model, while its performance has been compared with that of the CMOST module. The power-law model is employed to represent the relative permeability and capillary pressure curves, while three-phase relative permeability for oil phase is determined by using the modified Stone II model. By assimilating the observed production data, the relative permeability and capillary pressure curves are inversely, automatically, and successively updated, achieving an excellent agreement with the reference cases. Not only are the associated uncertainties reduced significantly during the updating process, but also each of the updated reservoir models predicts the production profile that is in a good agreement with the reference cases. Although both the damped IEnKF and CMOST generate similar history matching results and prediction performance, the estimation accuracy of the damped IEnKF method developed in this study is generally much better than that of the CMOST. Besides, the variations in the ensemble of the updated reservoir models and production profiles of the damped IEnKF provide a robust and consistent framework for uncertainty analysis.
Mercaptans Removal for Sulphur Emission Mitigation
Authors: Cadours Renaud , Al Katheeri Sara , Al Matroushi Mohamed Salem , Ghazaly Ayman , Sayegh Salem 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The GASCO industrial complex is constructed to process Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) from associated and natural gas. The liquids collected from Asab, Bu-Hasa and Habshan plants is transfer by pipeline to the Ruwais plant for further fractionation before supply to local end-users or other customers. The sweetening processes are critical steps in the GASCO complex to guarantee plant and operators safety, to comply with customers’ specification and to minimize the industrial impact on the environment. In this way, GASCO is continuously considering improvement of the processing plants, especially to minimize the sulphur emissions in the environment.
A significant part of the sulphur emission from the Ruwais plant are resulting from the operation of the molecular sieves used for mercaptans removal from propane and butane products. During regeneration step of these molecular sieves, the adsorbed mercaptans are concentrated in the regeneration gas. Combustion of this gas without treatment is resulting in a significant part of the sulphur emission.
This papers presents a detailed review of the best available technologies for mercaptans removal. Two options are discussed: treatment of the molecular sieves regeneration gas and mercaptan removal at upstream NGL extraction plants. Molecular sieves and hybrid solvent technologies are considered. The paper presents pro and cons of all the alternatives, considering the constraints of the existing GASCO industrial complex: units’ configuration, disposal or recycle of the mercaptan.
This paper presents an independent review of technologies for mercaptans removal, from the GASCO operational point of view. It summarizes the benefit and the constraints of each technology, and their impact when implemented in an existing complex.
Driving Business Results through Employee Performance
Authors: Boulting Alex 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Since 2010 the ADCO EPM system has been transformed from a subjective, inconsistent, paper based system to a better defined integrated system directly linking individual to business objectives. To develop the EPM process further ADCO want to move the EPM process from being an administrative drill to a dynamic, positive experience that engages, motivates and inspires employees.
The paper concludes that: There is a high correlation between EPM effectiveness and business performanceThe quality of conversations between Appraiser and Appraisee underpins the effectiveness of the EPM system.Frequency of conversations can drive down employee satisfaction if the quality of conversations is not improved firstReporting and communication on the EPM system is a high impact low cost way driving the right behaviours that create a high performing culture
First Time in UAE - Successful Window Opening through 7in S13 CR in Qusawirah Field
Authors: Ahmad Mushtaq , ElKasrawi Ahmed 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
For the first time in ADCO, and the UAE, a window was opened in Super 13CR 7 inch casing in well QW-XY. Extensive pre-job planning, two way communication between ADCO and Baker Hughes, and flawless job execution were the key factors for the success which allowed ADCO to immediately reach the reservoir, saving significant time and costs versus the typical window in the 9 5/8 inch casing.
The main objective was to avoid cutting the window through the 9 5/8 inch casing to leave space for the ESP completion to be installed deeper for enhanced oil recovery and extending the well life. This also saved resources to drill 8-12/" section including OBM and 7 inch liner and its related accessories that were going to be required in case of the 9 5/8 inch casing window. The team decided to take the challenge presented in the stiffness of the Super 13CR material and the deviation at the window depth to save Rig days and resources.
This operation utilized Path-Master whip stock and Silverback milling technology to successfully open the window and drill the required rat-hole in one trip. Another reaming trip was carried out to ensure seamless reentry with the drilling BHA later on. Teamwork and cooperation are the keywords that made this operation possible; with Baker Hughes technology and ADCO's innovation.
This paper describes the first ever window opeing thorugh 7in S13CR in the UAE. This includes planning, risk assessment, the challeges, procedures and the conclusion. A detailed cost-benefit analysis is presented between 9-5/8" convetional window opeing compared with 7in window.
Improving the Efficiency of Cold Rolling Process for Rotary Shouldered Connections
Authors: Imtiaz Khali , Mohammed Ismail , Gokhale Samit , Oak Sushil 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Fatigue is the most common failure mechanism of rotary shouldered connections (RSC). To mitigate fatigue and to increase the fatigue life of the RSC, industry standards, including API 7-1 (API) [1] and DS-1 (DS1) [2], require cold rolling. During cold rolling, the thread root is deformed by rotating the RSC and applying radial pressure by means of profiled rollers. Usually this operation is completed on the lathe machine after cutting and final gauging of the connections.
The effectiveness of the cold rolling is influenced by the application parameters like roller dimensions, roller force, roller revolutions per minute (RPM) etc. Since these parameters are not specified in API, manufacturers use parameters specified in DS1 including the rotation speed of 1 RPM. This speed is difficult to achieve because most lathe machines do not have the provision to rotate at such low RPM. It also takes longer time making the process unproductive. As a compromise, some manufacturers manually rotate the samples resulting in increased time, inconsistent rotation and non-uniform application of compressive stresses.
To overcome the limitations discussed above, tests were conducted on numerous samples cold rolled at varying speeds. Extensive fatigue tests, residual stress measurements and metallographic evaluation studies were performed during this process. This paper presents the details and findings of this study. It concludes that higher rotation speeds not only provide consistent rotation but also improve the fatigue performance of RSC. The revised parameters as a result of this study are also proposed.
Relative Permeability Measurements to Quantify the Low Salinity Flooding Effect at Field Scale
Authors: Sorop Tibi G. , Masalmeh Shehadeh K. , Suijkerbuijk Bart M. , van der Linde Hilbert A. , Mahani Hassan , Brussee Niels J. , Marcelis Fons A. , Coorn Ab 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In the last few years it has become widely accepted in the industry that Low Salinity Flooding (LSF) works by changing reservoir wettability towards a more water-wet state. Most of the published experimental data to quantify the LSF effect focus on comparing ultimate recovery of low salinity (LS) and high salinity (HS) waterflooding experiments either in secondary and/or tertiary mode. A wide range in incremental oil recovery is reported in the literature, from 0 to more than 20% of OIIP. To assess the potential of LSF and to enable upscaling of the LSF benefit to reservoir scale, the relative permeability curves for HS and LS brine should be determined. In only a few published cases, the experimental data was interpreted using numerical simulations to derive relative permeability curves for both low and high salinity water.
So far all of the LSF corefloods reported in the literature have been done using the unsteady state (USS) coreflooding method. Unsteady state corefloods are appropriate in evaluating the LSF potential qualitatively and to de-risk for potential formation damage due to clay swelling. However, USS corefloods can only measure the relative permeability curves after water breakthrough and they are sensitive to heterogeneities in the core samples. The steady state (SS) coreflood method, on the other hand, is less sensitive to sample heterogeneity and can measure the relative permeability curves over a wide saturation range.
In this paper we will present the experimental procedures and data measured during SS LSF core floods using less homogeneous core samples from a sandstone reservoir. Details of the experimental procedures to quantify the LSF effect were published earlier (Masalmeh et al. 2014). In this study a combination of USS and SS coreflooding experiments using in-situ saturation monitoring were performed, accompanied by spontaneous imbibition tests. Numerical simulation of the experimental data was used to extract the LS and HS relative permeability curves. While the Amott and USS experiments unequivocally showed a very clear positive LSF effect with no formation damage, SS corefloods tests were performed to better quantify the effect. The result of the tests, - to our knowledge - are the first to be reported in the industry for LSF on real rock material, allow extracting reliable relative permeabilities and enable upscaling of the LSF effect to field scale.
Facies, Deposition And Diagenesis Characteristics Of The Upper Kharaib Member (Late Barremian), Onshore Abu Dhabi, UAE
Authors: Wazir Zinhom El , Madani Noura Al , Omobude Osemoahu Abednego , Alhoot Abdul Rahman 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The Upper Kharaib Member of the Lower Barremian in Abu Dhabi onshore is represented by the Formation-B, which is separated from the overlying Shuaiba formation by 45 to 50 feet of dense Limestone of the Hawar formation. It is classified into B-Upper and B-Lower, comprising seven reservoir quality sub-zones (BI, BII, BIIIU, BIIIL, BIV, BV and BVI) separated by six stylolitic intervals. The average thickness for B-Lower is about 100 ft as compared to 60 ft in the upper zone. This study provides integrated sedimentological and diagenetical characteristics - in a field-scale - of the Formation-B in Abu Dhabi, UAE.
A unified lithofacies scheme has been used to describe the Formation-B. These litho-facies have been grouped into eight genetically related lithofacies associations that reflect their corresponding deposition environments. The stacking of the lithofacies associations (inner ramp, mid-ramp and mid to outer ramp) define the broad 3rd order trends observed across the study field within the Formation-B, which have been compared to the regional sequence stratigraphic framework of Sharland et al. (2001).
The lateral lithological variations occur at a higher order (i.e. 4th/5th order), most likely driven by autocyclic topographic/hydrodynamic variations, in addition to sea level changes; these will impart lateral reservoir heterogeneity. Within subzones BIV to BI, variations in lithofacies associations are observed due to the patchy nature of the higher energy inner ramp facies.
The study concluded that the main controllers on reservoir quality distribution are texture and primary composition, as the matrix and grain ratio, together with allochems type, abundance, and size, define the genetically distinct characteristics of the lithofacies associations and provide the precursor fabric for subsequent diagenetic processes to occur. Cementation affects all the lithofacies; the morphology and pervasiveness of the crystals are dependent on primary and secondary pore space available for cementation. The key pore enhancing phases are dissolution events, mainly early and late dissolution enhancing micropores and enhancing/creating macropores, commonly partially or completely negating the effect of cementing phases. As the effects of the diagenetic overprint are linked to primary texture and composition, the distribution of the lithofacies and lithofacies associations will influence reservoir quality. The grainier lithofacies are more commonly seen to be influenced by pore-enhancing late dissolution phases, thus these facies host better reservoir quality. This is best developed in the upper portion of the Formation-B. The combined understanding of the sedimentological framework and the diagenetic overprint provides a robust tool for predicting the reservoir architecture.