bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drainage Morphometry of Upper Vaigai River Sub-basin, Western Ghats, South India Using Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Prabu P. , Baskaran R. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The study area is a one of the sub-basin of Vaigai River basin in the Theni and Madurai districts, Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu. The Vaigai sub-basin extends approximately over 849 km2 and it has been sub-divided into 48 watersheds. It lies between 09°30'00" and 10°00'00"N latitudes and 77°15'10" and 77°45'00" E longitudes in the western part of Tamil Nadu, India. It originates at an altitude of 1661m in the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu in Theni district. The drainage pattern of these watersheds are delineated using geo-coded Indian remote sensing satellite (IRS) ID, linear image self-scanning (LISS) III of geo-coded false colour composites (FCC), generated from the bands 2, 3 and 4 on 1:50,000 scale in the present study. The Survey of India (SOI) toposheets 58G/5, 58 G/6, 58G/9 and 58G/10 on a scale of 1:50,000 scale was used as a base for the delineation of watershed. In the present study, the satellite remote sensing data has been used for updation of drainages and the updated drainages have been used for morphometric analysis. The morphometric parameters were divided in three categories: basic parameters, derived parameters and shape parameters. The data in the first category includes area, perimeter, basin length, stream order, stream length, maximum and minimum heights and slope. Those of the second category are bifurcation ratio, stream length ratio, RHO coefficient, stream frequency, drainage density, and drainage texture, constant of channel maintenance, basin relief and relief ratio. The shape parameters are elongation ratio, circularity index and form factor. The morphometric parameters are computed using ESRI’s ArcGIS package.
Drainage density ranges from 1.10 to 4.88 km/km2 suggesting very coarse to fine drainage texture. Drainage frequency varies from 1.45 to 14.70 which is low to very high. The bifurcation ratio ranges from 0.55 to 4.37. The low values of bifurcation ratios and very low values of drainage densities indicate that the drainage has not been affected by structural disturbances and also that the area is covered under dense vegetation cover. Elongation ratio ranges from 0.11 to 0.57. Drainage texture has the minimum of 1.63 and maximum of 11.44 suggesting that the drainage texture is coarse to fine. It is concluded that remote sensing and GIS have been proved to be efficient tools in drainage delineation and updation. In the present study these updated drainages have been used for the morphometric analysis.
Variational Safety Factors and Slip Surfaces of Slope Using Three-dimensional Strength Reduction Analysis
Authors: Lin Hang , Zhong Wenwen , Cao Ping , Liu Taoying 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This paper describes the effect of boundary conditions combined with geometric and strength parameters on slope stability, including safety factor and slip surface, using numerical strength reduction analysis. The different boundary conditions are discussed, which include the fully restrained boundary, half-restrained boundary, and free boundary on the safety factor of slope. The effects of geometric and strength parameters on the safety factor of slope are then examined. Discrepancies between the slip surface shape and the escaping points are also presented to assess slope stability.
Gravity Anomaly Modeling of Sedimentary Basins by Means of Multiple Structures and Exponential Density Contrast-depth Variations: A Space Domain Approach
Authors: Chakravarthi V. , Ramamma B. , Reddy T. Venkat 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
An automatic modeling scheme is developed in the space domain to interpret the gravity anomalies of sedimentary basins, among which the density contrast decreases exponentially with depth. Forward modeling is realized in the space domain using a combination of both analytical and numerical approaches. A collage of vertical prisms having equal widths, whose depths are to be estimated, describes the geometry of a sedimentary basin. Initial depths of a sedimentary basin are predicted using the Bouguer slab formula and subsequently updated, iteratively, based on the differences between the observed and theoretical gravity anomalies until the modeled gravity anomalies mimic the observed ones. The validity and applicability of the method is demonstrated with a synthetic and two real field gravity anomalies, one each over the Chintalpudi sub-basin in India and the other over the San Jacinto graben, California. In case of synthetic example, the assumed structure resembles a typical intracratonic rift basin formed by normal block faulting and filled with thick section of sediments. The proposed modeling technique yielded information that is consistent with the assumed parameters in the case of synthetic structure and with the available/drilling depths in case of field examples.
Implementing AORN Recommended Practices for Prevention of Transmissible Infections
Authors: Patrick Marcia R. , Hicks Rodney W. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPreventing infection in the perioperative setting is a critical element of patient and health care worker safety. This article reviews the recommendations in the AORN “Recommended practices for prevention of transmissible infections in the perioperative practice setting.” The recommended practices are intended to help perioperative nurses implement standard and transmission‐based precautions (ie, contact, droplet, airborne), including use of personal protective equipment as well as interventions to prevent surgical site infections and exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Additional recommendations cover vaccination programs and how to manage personnel who require work restrictions. Hospital and ambulatory patient scenarios are included to help perioperative nurses apply the recommendations in daily practice.
Clinical Issues‐December 2013
Authors: Denholm Bonnie 
Published: November 2013

This MonthTourniquet inflation pressureKey words: pneumatic tourniquet, inflation pressure, limb occlusion pressure, contoured cuff.Administering prophylactic antibiotics during tourniquet‐assisted proceduresKey words: pneumatic tourniquet, tourniquet‐release dose, antibiotics, prophylactic antibiotics.Preconditioning patients to decrease ischemia‐reperfusion inflammatory responsesKey words: pneumatic tourniquet, ischemia, reperfusion, inflammatory response, preconditioning, oxidative stress, oxygen radicals.Exsanguinating an extremity before tourniquet cuff inflationKey words: pneumatic tourniquet, exsanguination, scope of practice.
Stability of columnar convection in a porous medium
Authors: Hewitt Duncan R. , Neufeld Jerome A. , Lister John R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractConvection in a porous medium at high Rayleigh number$\mathit{Ra}$exhibits a striking quasisteady columnar structure with a well-defined and$\mathit{Ra}$-dependent horizontal scale. The mechanism that controls this scale is not currently understood. Motivated by this problem, the stability of a density-driven ‘heat-exchanger’ flow in a porous medium is investigated. The dimensionless flow comprises interleaving columns of horizontal wavenumber$k$and amplitude$\widehat{A}$that are driven by a steady balance between vertical advection of a background linear density stratification and horizontal diffusion between the columns. Stability is governed by the parameter$A= \widehat{A}\mathit{Ra}/ k$. A Floquet analysis of the linear-stability problem in an unbounded two-dimensional domain shows that the flow is always unstable, and that the marginal-stability curve is independent of$A$. The growth rate of the most unstable mode scales with${A}^{4/ 9} $for$A\gg 1$, and the corresponding perturbation takes the form of vertically propagating pulses on the background columns. The physical mechanism behind the instability is investigated by an asymptotic analysis of the linear-stability problem. Direct numerical simulations show that nonlinear evolution of the instability ultimately results in a reduction of the horizontal wavenumber of the background flow. The results of the stability analysis are applied to the columnar flow in a porous Rayleigh–Bénard (Rayleigh–Darcy) cell at high$\mathit{Ra}$, and a balance of the time scales for growth and propagation suggests that the flow is unstable for horizontal wavenumbers$k$greater than$k\sim {\mathit{Ra}}^{5/ 14} $as$\mathit{Ra}\rightarrow \infty $. This stability criterion is consistent with hitherto unexplained numerical measurements of$k$in a Rayleigh–Darcy cell.
BDNF and S100B in psychotic disorders: evidence for an association with treatment responsiveness
Authors: van de Kerkhof Noortje W.A. , Fekkes Durk , van der Heijden Frank M.M.A. , Verhoeven Willem M.A. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and S100B are involved in brain plasticity processes and their serum levels have been demonstrated to be altered in patients with psychoses. This study aimed to identify subgroups of patients with psychotic disorders across diagnostic boundaries that show a specific symptom profile or response to treatment with antipsychotics, by measuring serum levels of BDNF and S100B.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 58 patients with DSM-IV psychotic disorders. Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History (CASH), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression scale for severity and improvement (CGI-S/CGI-I) were applied at baseline and after 6 weeks of antipsychotic treatment. At both time points, serum levels of BDNF and S100B were measured and compared with a matched control sample.ResultsBaseline BDNF and S100B levels were significantly lower in patients as compared with controls and did not change significantly during treatment. Dividing the patient sample according to baseline biochemical parameters (low and high 25% and middle 50%), no differences in symptom profiles or outcome were found with respect to BDNF. However, the subgroups with low and high S100B levels had higher PANSS scores than the middle subgroup. In addition, the high subgroup still showed significantly more negative symptoms after treatment, whereas the low subgroup showed more positive symptoms compared with the other subgroups.ConclusionSerum levels of BDNF and S100B are lowered in patients with psychotic disorders across diagnostic boundaries. The differences between high and low S100B subgroups suggest a relationship between S100B, symptom dimensions and treatment response, irrespective of diagnostic categories.
Coincidences of Fibrewise Maps Between Sphere Bundles Over the Circle
Authors: Gonçalves Daciberg L. , Koschorke Ulrich , Libardi Alice K. M. , Neto Oziride Manzoli 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWhen can two fibrewise maps be deformed in a fibrewise fashion until they are coincidence free? In order to get a thorough understanding of this problem (and, more generally, of minimum numbers that are closely related to it) we study the strength of natural geometric obstructions, such as ω-invariants and Nielsen numbers, as well as the related Nielsen theory.In the setting of sphere bundles, a certain degree map degB turns out to play a decisive role. In many explicit cases it also yields good descriptions of the set ℱ of fibrewise homotopy classes of fibrewise maps. We introduce an addition on ℱ, which is not always single valued but still very helpful. Furthermore, normal bordism Gysin sequences and (iterated) Freudenthal suspensions play a crucial role.
POST-STERILIZATION AUTONOMY AMONG YOUNG MOTHERS IN SOUTH INDIA
Authors: PALLIKADAVATH SASEENDRAN , RAJAN IRUDAYA , SINGH ABHISHEK , OGOLLAH REUBEN , PAGE SAMANTHA 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThis study examined the post-sterilization autonomy of women in south India in the context of early sterilization and low fertility. Quantitative data were taken from the third round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) carried out in 2005–06, and qualitative data from one village each in Kerala and Tamil Nadu during 2010–11. The incident rate ratios and thematic analysis showed that among currently married women under the age of 30 years, those who had been sterilized had significantly higher autonomy in household decision-making and freedom of mobility compared with women who had never used any modern family planning method. Early age at sterilization and low fertility enables women to achieve the social status that is generally attained at later stages in the life-cycle. Policies to capitalize on women's autonomy and free time resulting from early sterilization and low fertility should be adopted in south India.
Current-driven drift wave instability in a collisional dusty negative ion plasma
Authors: ROSENBERG M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe excitation of drift waves by an electron current parallel to the magnetic field is investigated in a nonuniform plasma composed of electrons, positive ions, negative ions, and massive, negatively charged dust. Electrostatic drift waves with frequencies smaller than the ion gyrofrequencies and wavelengths larger than the ion gyroradii are considered. Linear kinetic theory is used, and collisions of charged particles with neutrals are taken into account. The present results may be relevant to laboratory collisional magnetoplasmas containing negative ions and dust.
Such stuff as dreams are made on? Elaborative encoding, the ancient art of memory, and the hippocampus
Authors: Llewellyn Sue 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article argues that rapid eye movement (REM) dreaming is elaborative encoding for episodic memories. Elaborative encoding in REM can, at least partially, be understood through ancient art of memory (AAOM) principles: visualization, bizarre association, organization, narration, embodiment, and location. These principles render recent memories more distinctive through novel and meaningful association with emotionally salient, remote memories. The AAOM optimizes memory performance, suggesting that its principles may predict aspects of how episodic memory is configured in the brain. Integration and segregation are fundamental organizing principles in the cerebral cortex. Episodic memory networks interconnect profusely within the cortex, creating omnidirectional “landmark” junctions. Memories may be integrated at junctions but segregated along connecting network paths that meet at junctions. Episodic junctions may be instantiated during non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep after hippocampal associational function during REM dreams. Hippocampal association involves relating, binding, and integrating episodic memories into a mnemonic compositional whole. This often bizarre, composite image has not been present to the senses; it is not “real” because it hyperassociates several memories. During REM sleep, on the phenomenological level, this composite image is experienced as a dream scene. A dream scene may be instantiated as omnidirectional neocortical junction and retained by the hippocampus as an index. On episodic memory retrieval, an external stimulus (or an internal representation) is matched by the hippocampus against its indices. One or more indices then reference the relevant neocortical junctions from which episodic memories can be retrieved. Episodic junctions reach a processing (rather than conscious) level during normal wake to enable retrieval. If this hypothesis is correct, the stuff of dreams is the stuff of memory.
Such stuff as NREM dreams are made on?
Authors: Cicogna PierCarla , Occhionero Miranda 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe question that we deal with in this commentary is the need to clarify the synergistic role of different non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages (stages 2 and 3–4) with REM and while awake in elaborative encoding of episodic memory. If the assumption is that there is isomorphism between neuronal and cognitive networks, then more detailed analysis of NREM sleep and dreams is absolutely necessary.
Dream and emotion regulation: Insight from the ancient art of memory
Authors: Desseilles Martin , Duclos Catherine 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDuring dreaming, as well as during wakefulness, elaborative encoding, indexing and ancient art of memory (AAOM) techniques, such as the method of loci, may coincide with emotion regulation. These techniques shed light on the link between dreaming and emotional catharsis, post-traumatic stress disorder, supermemorization during sleep as opposed to wakefulness, and the developmental role of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in children.
Ontological significance of the dream world
Authors: Globus Gordon 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSometimes while sleeping we find ourselves thrown amidst an authentic, albeit bizarre, world. The process of integration by means of which memory elements might be fabricated into a seamless world indistinguishable from the world of waking life is not explained by Llewellyn, who focuses instead on the elaborative encoding of memories. Ontological implications of the sometimes indiscernibility of wake and dream worlds are considered.
The secret is at the crossways: Hodotopic organization and nonlinear dynamics of brain neural networks
Authors: Mattei Tobias A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBy integrating the classic psychological principles of ancient art of memory (AAOM) with the most recent paradigms in cognitive neuroscience (i.e., the concepts of hodotopic organization and nonlinear dynamics of brain neural networks), Llewellyn provides an up-to-date model of the complex psychological relationships between memory, imagination, and dreams in accordance with current state-of-the-art principles in neuroscience.
The method of loci (MoL) and memory consolidation: Dreaming is not MoL-like
Authors: Nielsen Tore 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCertain method of loci (MoL) prerequisites – familiar, coherently ordered locations – should appear during dreaming if the latter is, in fact, elaborative memory encoding as hypothesized by Llewellyn. A review of the literature suggests that dreamed locations are neither familiar nor coherently ordered and thus unsuitable for facilitating memory in this sense. This conclusion converges with other evidence that episodic memory is dependent upon non–rapid eye movement (NREM), rather than REM, sleep.
Such stuff as REM and NREM dreams are made on? An elaboration
Authors: Llewellyn Sue 
Published: November 2013

AbstractI argued that rapid eye movement (REM) dreaming is elaborative emotional encoding for episodic memories, sharing many features with the ancient art of memory (AAOM). In this framework, during non–rapid eye movement (NREM), dream scenes enable junctions between episodic networks in the cortex and are retained by the hippocampus as indices for retrieval. The commentaries, which varied in tone from patent enthusiasm to edgy scepticism, fall into seven natural groups: debate over the contribution of the illustrative dream and disputes over the nature of dreaming (discussed in sect. R1); how the framework extends to creativity, psychopathology, and sleep disturbances (sect. R2); the compatibility of the REM dream encoding function with emotional de-potentiation (sect. R3); scepticism over similarities between REM dreaming and the AAOM (sect. R4); the function of NREM dreams in the sleep cycle (sect. R5); the fit of the junction hypothesis with current knowledge of cortical networks (sect. R6); and whether the hypothesis is falsifiable (including methodological challenges and evidence against the hypothesis) (sect. R7). Although the groups in sections R1–R6 appear quite disparate, I argue they all follow from the associative nature of dreaming.
Resolution of severe cardiomyopathy in infantile Pompe disease
Authors: Parent John J. , Schamberger Marcus 
Published: November 2013

AbstractInfantile Pompe disease is a rare inborn error of metabolism characterized by severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and generalised hypotonia occurring in infancy. We present a case of an infant with severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that resolved after treatment with enzyme replacement therapy.
Slow pathway modulation in a patient with tricuspid valve atresia
Authors: Frommeyer Gerrit , Milberg Peter , Eckardt Lars , Mönnig Gerold 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOwing to increased life expectancy, patients with grown-up congenital heart disease nowadays present various types of arrhythmias. We report treatment of a 27-year-old patient with tricuspid and pulmonary atresia who was referred to our department with symptomatic tachycardia. During electrophysiologic study, a diagnosis of typical AV-nodal re-entrant tachycardia was made, and he was successfully treated despite the described anatomic malformation.
Children's Marking of Verbal –s by Nonmainstream English Dialect and Clinical Status
Authors: Cleveland Lesli H. , Oetting Janna B. 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
Children's marking of verbal –s was examined by their dialect (African American English [AAE] vs. Southern White English [SWE]) and clinical status (specific language impairment [SLI] vs. typically developing [TD]) and as a function of 4 linguistic variables (verb regularity, negation, expression of a habitual activity, and expression of historical present tense).

Method
The data were language samples from 57 six-year-olds who varied by their dialect and clinical status (AAE: SLI = 14, TD = 12; SWE: SLI = 12, TD = 19).

Results
The AAE groups produced lower rates of marking than did the SWE groups, and the SWE SLI group produced lower rates of marking than did the SWE TD group. Although low numbers of verb contexts made it difficult to evaluate the linguistic variables, there was evidence of their influence, especially for verb regularity and negation. The direction and magnitude of the effects were often (but not always) consistent with what has been described in the adult dialect literature.

Conclusion
Verbal –s can be used to help distinguish children with and without SLI in SWE but not in AAE. Clinicians can apply these findings to other varieties of AAE and SWE and other dialects by considering rates of marking and the effects of linguistic variables on marking.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963532
Surgical Strategies to Improve Fixation in the Osteoporotic Spine: the Effects of Tapping, Cement Augmentation, and Screw Trajectory
Authors: Kuhns Craig A. , Reiter Michael , Pfeiffer Ferris , Choma Theodore J. 
Published: November 2013

Study Design Biomechanical study of pedicle screw fixation in osteoporotic bone. Objective To investigate whether it is better to tap or not tap osteoporotic bone prior to placing a cement-augmented pedicle screw. Methods Initially, we evaluated load to failure of screws placed in cancellous bone blocks with or without prior tapping as well as after varying the depths of tapping prior to screw insertion. Then we evaluated load to failure of screws placed in bone block models with a straight-ahead screw trajectory as well as with screws having a 23-degree cephalad trajectory (toward the end plate). These techniques were tested with nonaugmented (NA) screws as well as with bioactive cement (BioC) augmentation prior to screw insertion. Results In the NA group, pretapping decreased fixation strength in a dose-dependent fashion. In the BioC group, the tapped screws had significantly greater loads to failure ( p < 0.01). Comparing only the screw orientation, the screws oriented at 23 degrees cephalad had a significantly higher failure force than their respective counterparts at 0 degrees ( p < 0.01). Conclusions Standard pedicle screw fixation is often inadequate in the osteoporotic spine, but this study suggests tapping prior to cement augmentation will substantially improve fixation when compared with not tapping. Angulating screws more cephalad also seems to enhance aging spine fixation.