bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Folie à deux and its Lessons for Two‐Factor Theorists
Authors: Langdon Robyn 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn folie à deux, a ‘primary’ patient transmits a delusional belief to one or more ‘secondary’ patients who then adopt and share the belief. This paper applies the two‐factor theory of delusion to retrospectively analyse published cases of folie à deux. Lessons from this retrospective analysis include, firstly, that two‐factor theorists need to shift their focus from endogenous processes to consider the exogenous source of delusional content in most secondaries. Secondly, secondaries who come to share the belief via normal processes of social contagion only qualify as delusional by virtue of the abnormal persistence of their belief, albeit a temporary persistence in those secondaries who abandon their belief soon after separation from the primary. Underpinning this abnormal persistence may be a form of inhibitory failure—a difficulty with inhibiting a belief to allow reasoning for and against it being true.
Delusions Redux
Authors: Radden Jennifer 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMy response to the preceding essays begins with some preliminaries about my terminology, approach, and conception of rationality as a regulative ideal. I then comment on the Murphy's discussion about normal religious belief and religious delusions, and on causal assumptions challenged by Langdon's folies à deux. Responding to Gerrans's imagination‐based account of delusion and Hohwy's discussion of illusions, I next try to envision what both doxastic and imagination‐based approaches might have overlooked by asking whether there can be delusional feelings. Final comments address the place of phenomenology within Coltheart's two‐factor theorizing.
Characterization of Myxococcus xanthusMazF and implications for a new point of regulation
Authors: Boynton Tye O. , McMurry Jonathan L. , Shimkets Lawrence J. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryDuring development, Myxococcus xanthus cells undergo programmed cell death (PCD) whereby 80% of vegetative cells die. Previously, the MazF RNA interferase has been implicated in this role. Recently, it was shown that deletion of the mazF gene does not eliminate PCD in wild‐type strain DK1622 as originally seen in DZF1. To clarify the role of MazF, recombinant enzyme was characterized using a highly sensitive assay in the presence and absence of the proposed antitoxin MrpC. In contrast to previous reports that MrpC inhibits MazF activity, the hydrolysis rate was enhanced in a concentration‐dependent manner with MrpC or MrpC2, an N‐terminally truncated form of MrpC. Furthermore, MazF transcripts were not detected until 6–8 h post‐induction, suggesting an antitoxin is unnecessary earlier. Potential MazF targets were identified and their transcript levels were shown to decline in DK1622 while remaining steady in a mazF deletion strain. Elimination of the mazF hydrolysis site in the nla6 transcript resulted in overproduction of the mRNA. Thus, MazF negatively regulates specific transcripts. Additionally, we show that discrepancies in the developmental phenotypes caused by removal of mazF in DK1622 and DZF1 are due to the presence of the pilQ1 allele in the latter strain.
Invasive fungal infections secondary to acute‐on‐chronic liver failure: a retrospective study
Authors: Lin Li Na , Zhu Yu , Che Fu Bin , Gu Ju Lin , Chen Jiang Han 
Published: February 2013

SummaryAlthough the consequences of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) secondary to chronic hepatitis B infections secondary IFIs are serious, the incidence and main pathogenic factors of IFIs in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients remain unclear. This study included 1200 hepatitis B patients who were treated in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital from January 2006 to January 2009. Patients with ACLF were screened according to the diagnostic guidelines for liver failure. Patients with ACLF and secondary IFI were the disease group, and patients with ACLF without secondary IFI were the controls. The incidence of IFI, mortality, and possible IFI causes in two groups were evaluated retrospectively. Sixty patients with ACLF had secondary IFI, of which 14 were confirmed cases and 46 were suspected cases. The incidence of IFI was 47.62% for ACLF patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that the level of hepatitis B viral (HBV) DNA was an important risk factor for secondary IFI in ACLF patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that when the number of HBV DNA copies was higher than 3.16 × 103 copies ml−1, the possibility of secondary IFI in ACLF patients increased significantly, while white blood cell levels showed protective effects for these patients. The incidence of IFI is high in ACLF patients and high hepatitis B virus DNA levels may be an independent risk factor of secondary IFI in these patients.
Major variations in Aspergillus fumigatus arising within aspergillomas in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Howard S. J. , Pasqualotto A. C. , Anderson M. J. , Leatherbarrow H. , Albarrag A. M. , Harrison E. , Gregson L. , Bowyer P. , Denning D. W. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryAspergillomas develop from progressive layers of mycelial growth on the walls of pulmonary cavities over months. Aspergillomas are characteristic of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and are a risk factor for azole resistance. We investigated genotypic and phenotypic alterations in Aspergillus fumigatus recovered from aspergillomas. Aspergillomas were removed from three patients (two at surgery, one at autopsy) and dissected. Overall 92 colonies of A. fumigatus were isolated. Microsatellite typing was conducted to determine genetic type. Itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole susceptibilities were performed. The cyp51A gene was sequenced in 22 isolates. Isolates from Patient 1 (n = 25) were azole susceptible and resistant, although all cyp51A sequences were wild type, the isolates split into two distinct clades. In Patient 2, isolates were less variable (n = 10), all were azole susceptible. In Patient 3 only azole‐resistant strains (n = 57) were isolated, with M220K or M220T Cyp51A alterations, and microevolution was indicated. Marked diversity was observed in isolates from these patients; revealing differences in azole susceptibility, mechanism of resistance and genetic type. Importantly, routine sampling from respiratory specimens proved suboptimal in all cases; azole resistance was missed (Patient 1), cultures were negative (Patient 2) and high‐level posaconazole resistance was not detected (Patient 3).
Non‐Aspergillus fungal infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Dotis John , Pana Zoe Dorothea , Roilides Emmanuel 
Published: February 2013

SummaryChronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a congenital immunodeficiency, characterised by significant infections due to an inability of phagocyte to kill catalase‐positive organisms including certain fungi such as Aspergillus spp. Nevertheless, other more rare fungi can cause significant diseases. This report is a systematic review of all published cases of non‐Aspergillus fungal infections in CGD patients. Analysis of 68 cases of non‐Aspergillus fungal infections in 65 CGD patients (10 females) published in the English literature. The median age of CGD patients was 15.2 years (range 0.1–69), 60% of whom had the X‐linked recessive defect. The most prevalent non‐Aspergillus fungal infections were associated with Rhizopus spp. and Trichosporon spp. found in nine cases each (13.2%). The most commonly affected organs were the lungs in 69.9%. In 63.2% of cases first line antifungal treatment was monotherapy, with amphotericin B formulations being the most frequently used antifungal agents in 45.6% of cases. The overall mortality rate was 26.2%. Clinicians should take into account the occurrence of non‐Aspergillus infections in this patient group, as well as the possibility of a changing epidemiology in fungal pathogens. Better awareness and knowledge of these pathogens can optimise antifungal treatment and improve outcome in CGD patients.
Ultra‐Marathon Runners Are Different: Investigations into Pain Tolerance and Personality Traits of Participants of the TransEurope FootRace 2009
Authors: Freund Wolfgang , Weber Frank , Billich Christian , Birklein Frank , Breimhorst Markus , Schuetz Uwe H 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIntroductionSusceptibility to pain varies among individuals and may predispose to a higher risk for pain disorders. Thus, it is of interest to investigate subjects who exhibit higher resistance to pain. We therefore tested pain tolerance and assessed personality traits of ultra‐marathon athletes who are able to run 4487 km (2789 mi) over 64 days without resting days and compare the results to controls.MethodsAfter approval of the local ethics committee and with informed consent, 11 participants of the TransEurope FootRace (TEFR09 participants) and 11 matched (age, sex, and ethnicity) controls without marathon experience in the last 5 years were enrolled. They were tested for cold pain tolerance (cold pressor [CP] test), and the 240 item trait and character inventory (TCI) as well as the general self‐efficacy (GSE) test were obtained.ResultsTransEurope FootRace participants had a highly significant greater cold pain tolerance in the CP test than controls (P = 0.0002). While the GSE test showed no differences, the TCI test provided TEFR09 participants to be less cooperative and reward dependent but more spiritually transcendent than the controls. Significant positive correlations were found between the CP test pain score at 180 seconds and several TCI subscales showing that higher pain scores correlate with higher reward dependence, dependence, cooperativeness, empathy, and pure‐hearted conscience.ConclusionsPersonality profiles as well as pain tolerance of our sample of TEFR09 participants differ from normal controls and—as obtained in previous studies—probably also from chronic pain patients. Low pain perception may predispose a person to become a long‐distance runner. It remains unclear, however, whether low pain perception is cause or consequence of continuous extreme training.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolate MRSA-M2
Authors: Harro Janette M. , Daugherty Sean , Bruno Vincent M. , Jabra-Rizk Mary Ann , Rasko David A. , Shirtliff Mark E. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of a methicillin-resistant strain of
Staphylococcus aureus
, designated MRSA-M2. This clinical isolate was obtained from an osteomyelitis patient undergoing treatment at the University of Texas Medical Branch (Galveston, TX). This strain is an ST30,
spa
type T019,
agr
III strain and has been utilized as a model
S. aureus
strain in a number of proteomic, transcriptomic, and animal model studies.
Draft Genome Sequences of Five Strains in the Genus
Thauera
Authors: Liu Binbin , Frostegård Åsa , Shapleigh James P. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Thauera
species are members of the betaproteobacteria and are most noted for their ability to metabolize aromatic compounds under anoxic conditions. Here, we announce the draft genome sequences of five
Thauera
strains in an effort to provide further genetic information as a resource for understanding the ecological function of this environmentally important genus.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Virulent Serotypes of Avian Pasteurella multocida
Authors: Abrahante Juan E. , Johnson Timothy J. , Hunter Samuel S. , Maheswaran Samuel K. , Hauglund Melissa J. , Bayles Darrell O. , Tatum Fred M. , Briggs Robert E. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Here we report the draft genome sequences of two virulent avian strains of
Pasteurella multocida
. Comparative analyses of these genomes were done with the published genome sequence of avirulent
P. multocida
strain Pm70.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Subarctic Humic Substance-Degrading Pseudomonad
Authors: Park Ha Ju , Shin Seung Chul , Kim Dockyu 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

The
Pseudomonas
sp. PAMC 26793 was isolated because of its high ability to degrade humic acids from a subarctic grassland in Alaska. We sequenced the PAMC 26793 genome to discover the genes for degradation of natural humic substances and to provide further information for the degradation process of soil bacteria in a low-temperature environment.
Draft Genome of the Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri Strain KOS6 Isolated from Industrial Hydrocarbon Sludge
Authors: Grigoryeva Tatiana V. , Laikov Aleksandr V. , Naumova Rimma P. , Manolov Aleksandr I. , Larin Andrey K. , Karpova Irina Y. , Semashko Tatiana A. , Alexeev Dmitry G. , Kostryukova Elena S. , Müller Rudolf , Govorun Vadim M. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Here we present a draft genome of
Pseudomonas stutzeri
strain KOS6. This strain was isolated from industrial hydrocarbon sludge as a diazotrophic microorganism. It represents one of the major parts of the culturable community of the waste and has potential importance for phytoremediation technology.
Complete Genome Sequence of an Avian Paramyxovirus Type 4 from North America Reveals a Shorter Genome and New Genotype
Authors: Parthiban Manoharan , Kaliyaperumal Manimaran , Xiao Sa , Nayak Baibaswata , Paldurai Anandan , Kim Shin-Hee , Ladman Brian S. , Preskenis Lauren A. , Gelb Jack , Collins Peter L. , Samal Siba K. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
An avian paramyxovirus type 4 (APMV-4) was isolated from a duck in Delaware in 2010. Its genome is 15,048 nucleotides (nt) long, which is shorter by 6 nt than those for all previously reported strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this strain formed a separate cluster within APMV-4 strains.
Complete Genome Sequence of Sacbrood Virus Strain SBM2, Isolated from the Honeybee
Apis cerana
in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Nga Thi Bich , Le Thanh Hoa 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Here we report the complete genomic sequence of the SBM2 strain (VSBV-SBM2) of the sacbrood virus (SBV) that was isolated from the Asian honeybee (
Apis cerana
) in Northern Vietnam. The entire sequence excluding the 3′ poly(A) tail is 8,834 nucleotides in length and contains a single large open reading frame (ORF) of 8,580 nucleotides (position 178 to 8757), encoding 2,859 amino acids. VSBV-SBM2 shared 90 to 93% nucleotide identity and 95 to 96% amino acid homology to six complete genomes of SBV currently available in GenBank (two from China, three from Korea, and one from the United Kingdom). A hypervariable domain (amino acid [aa] position 712 to 729) and a conserved motif (position 2124 to 2143) in the precursor polypeptide of all seven SBVs are also described.
Draft Genome Sequences of Four Nosocomial Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Strains (PPUKM-261-2009, PPUKM-332-2009, PPUKM-377-2009, and PPUKM-775-2009) Representative of Dominant MRSA Pulsotypes Circulating in a Malaysian University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Neoh Hui-Min , Mohamed-Hussein Zeti-Azura , Tan Xin-Ee , B Raja Abd Rahman Raja Mohd Fadhil , Hussin Salasawati , Mohamad Zin Noraziah , Jamal Rahman 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of four nosocomial methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
strains (PPUKM-261-2009, PPUKM-332-2009, PPUKM-377-2009, and PPUKM-775-2009) isolated from a university teaching hospital in Malaysia. Three of the strains belong to sequence type 239 (ST239), which has been associated with sustained hospital epidemics worldwide.
Complete Genome of Lactococcus lactis subsp.
cremoris
UC509.9, Host for a Model Lactococcal P335 Bacteriophage
Authors: Ainsworth Stuart , Zomer Aldert , de Jager Victor , Bottacini Francesca , van Hijum Sacha A. F. T. , Mahony Jennifer , van Sinderen Douwe 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the complete genome of
Lactococcus lactis
subsp.
cremoris
UC509.9, an Irish dairy starter. The circular chromosome of
L. lactis
UC509.9 represents the smallest among those of the sequenced lactococcal strains, while its large complement of eight plasmids appears to be a reflection of its adaptation to the dairy environment.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Type Species of the Genus
Citrobacter
, Citrobacter freundii MTCC 1658
Authors: Kumar Shailesh , Kaur Chandandeep , Kimura Kazuyuki , Takeo Masahiro , Raghava Gajendra Pal Singh , Mayilraj Shanmugam 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the 5.0-Mb genome sequence of the type species of the genus
Citrobacter
,
Citrobacter freundii
strain MTCC 1658, isolated from canal water. This draft genome sequence of
C. freundii
strain MTCC 1658
T
consists of 5,001,265 bp with a G+C content of 51.61%, 4,691 protein-coding genes, 70 tRNAs, and 10 rRNAs.
Full Genome Sequence of a Novel Human Enterovirus C (EV-C118) Isolated from Two Children with Acute Otitis Media and Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Israel
Authors: Daleno Cristina , Piralla Antonio , Scala Alessia , Baldanti Fausto , Greenberg David , Principi Nicola , Esposito Susanna ,   CAP-PRI Study Group
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

The new enterovirus C strain EV-C118 belongs to the human enterovirus C species of the
Picornaviridae
family. We report the complete genome sequence of this strain, which was identified in respiratory specimens of two children hospitalized in Israel because of acute otitis media and community-acquired pneumonia who were enrolled in the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Pediatric Research Initiative (CAP-PRI) study.
Draft Genome Sequence of Brucella abortus BCB027, a Strain Isolated from a Domestic Deer
Authors: Wang Lulu , Qiu Yefeng , Chen Zeliang , Xu Jie , Wang Zhoujia , Ke Yuehua , Li Tiefeng , Wang Dali , Huang Liuyu , Yu Yaqin , Zhen Qing 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Many
Brucella
species are isolated from nonpreferred hosts, and these bacteria may show genetic differences from isolates from the preferred hosts. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Brucella abortus
BCB027, a novel strain isolated from a domestic deer.
Complete Genome Sequence of Listeria monocytogenes LL195, a Serotype 4b Strain from the 1983–1987 Listeriosis Epidemic in Switzerland
Authors: Weinmaier Thomas , Riesing Martin , Rattei Thomas , Bille Jacques , Arguedas-Villa Carolina , Stephan Roger , Tasara Taurai 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequence of
Listeria monocytogenes
LL195, a serotype 4b clinical strain isolated during the 1983–1987 listeriosis epidemic in Switzerland, is presented.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis Strain 407 Cry-
Authors: Sheppard Anna E. , Poehlein Anja , Rosenstiel Philip , Liesegang Heiko , Schulenburg Hinrich 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Bacillus thuringiensis
is an insect pathogen that has been used widely as a biopesticide. Here, we report the genome sequence of strain 407 Cry-, which is used to study the genetic determinants of pathogenicity. The genome consists of a 5.5-Mb chromosome and nine plasmids, including a novel 502-kb megaplasmid.
Can we update the Summary Hospital Mortality Index (SHMI) to make a useful measure of the quality of hospital care? An observational study
Authors: Freemantle Nick , Richardson Matthew , Wood John , Ray Daniel , Khosla Sajan , Sun Ping , Pagano Domenico 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo advance methods for the estimation of hospital performance based upon mortality ratios.DesignObservational study estimating trust performance in a year derived according to comparative standards from a 3-year period, accounting for patient-level case-mix and overdispersion (unexplained variability).Participants23 363 630 admissions to the English National Health Service (NHS) by NHS Trust.Main outcome measuresNumber of SDs (QUality and Outcomes Research Unit Measure, QUORUM banding) and comparative odds of hospital mortality difference from mean performance by trust compared for 2010/2011, 2008/2009 and 2009/2010, accounting for patient-level case-mix.ResultsThe model was highly predictive of mortality (C statistic=0.93), and well calibrated by risk stratum. There was substantial overdispersion. No trusts were more than 3 SDs above the mean, and only one trust was more than 2 SDs above the mean for 2010/2011.ConclusionsQUORUM is highly predictive of patient mortality in hospital or up to 30 days after admission. However, like the Summary Hospital Mortality Indicator (SHMI), QUORUM is subjected to considerable remaining legitimate but unexplained variation. It is unlikely that measures like QUORUM and SHMI will be useful beyond identifying a very small number of trusts as potential outliers.
The relationship between employment and social participation among Australians with a disabling chronic health condition: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Callander Emily , Schofield Deborah J 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesSocial interaction may be particularly important for people with chronic health conditions, due to the numerous benefits to an individual's health. This paper aims to determine if labour force participation is a factor that influences individuals with chronic health conditions partaking in social or cultural events.Design and settingThe study undertakes a cross-sectional analysis of the2009 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers, a nationally representative survey of the Australian population.Participants33 376 records of persons aged 25–64years.Outcome measuresParticipation in social and community activities.ResultsIt was found that after controlling for age, sex, level of highest education, income unit type and severity of disability, people with a chronic health condition that were in the labour force were more than twice as likely to be participating in social or community events (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.95 to 3.29, p<0.0001), and in cultural events (OR 2.57, 95% CI 2.21 to 3.00, p<0.0001) as their counterparts who were out of the labour force. The results were then repeated, with the addition of income as a confounding variable. People with a chronic health condition that were in the labour force were still a little more than twice as likely to be participating in social or community events (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.69 to 3.00, p<0.0001), and to be participating in cultural events (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.76 to 2.45, p<0.0001) as their counterparts who were out of the labour force.ConclusionsParticipating in the labour force may be an important driver of social participation among those with chronic health conditions, independent of income. People with chronic health conditions who are not in the labour force and do not participate in social or cultural activities may have a compounding disadvantage.