bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review of the Development Characteristics and Future Trends of TOD in Chinese Urban Rail Transit
Authors: Wang Linyan , Xia Haishan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe transit-oriented development (TOD) concept has become a significant catalyst for urban development in China, which has undergone rapid urbanization and has actively participated in the development of public transportation networks over the past 20 years. TOD not only guides the transformation of transportation modes but also leads the development of urban spaces. The extensive construction of urban rail transit in China highlights the universal patterns of TOD and reflects the uniqueness of Chinese practices. This paper analyzes the characteristics of urban development and TOD in developed countries, summarizing the common laws driving TOD in theoretical research. It then compares China, which is in a period of rapid rail transit construction, to identify the unique developmental laws of transit-oriented development of rail transit in China (TOD-RTC). The paper further examines the developmental characteristics of TOD-RTC in practice, considering both temporal and spatial aspects, and explores the reasons behind the formation of individual differences in TOD-RTC. Finally, it discusses the new value and potential that TOD brings to urban development, along with predicting future development trends.
Von Herkunft zu Überzeugung: Deutschlands Muslime im Spannungsfeld von Nationalismus und Politischem Islam
Authors: Kanol Eylem 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDiese Studie untersucht das Zusammenspiel zwischen Identifikation mit dem Herkunftsland, autoritären Tendenzen und der Unterstützung des Politischen Islams unter Muslimen in Deutschland. Basierend auf einer repräsentativen Umfrage aus dem Jahr 2021 unter 1300 Muslimen in Deutschland wird ein starker Zusammenhang zwischen ausgeprägter Identifikation mit dem Herkunftsland und der Neigung zum Politischen Islam festgestellt. Diese Verbindung bleibt auch nach Berücksichtigung von Religiosität, Diskriminierungserfahrungen, wahrgenommener Diskriminierung, religionsbezogener Marginalisierung und sozioökonomischen Indikatoren bestehen. Bemerkenswert ist, dass autoritäre Einstellungen diesen Zusammenhang moderieren. Das bedeutet, dass die Neigung zum Politischen Islam nicht allein durch die Stärke der ethnischen Identifikation beeinflusst wird, sondern auch durch autoritäre Tendenzen. Dies weist auf eine Konvergenz von autoritärem Nationalismus und Politischem Islam im deutschen Kontext hin.
Energy-safety balanced composites of attractive cyclic nitramines with polyaniline
Authors: Patil Veerabhadragouda B. , Machalický Oldřich , Bělina Petr , Svoboda Roman , Trzcinski Waldemar A. , Zeman Svatopluk 
Published: July 2024

AbstractComposite microcrystals of the cyclic nitramines 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (ε-CL-20), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane(RDX), 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (β-HMX), and cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitrooctahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole (BCHMX) with polyaniline (PANi) have been prepared and thoroughly characterized in terms of morphology and phase purity. PANi outperformed other conducting polymers in terms of selectivity towards NAs due to its better interaction with NAs, low production cost, and ease of preparation. The bonding of nitramines with the polymeric PANi chain has been examined by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy methods, and fluorescence quenching; the Raman spectrum has shown the laser sensitivity of these microcrystals. Powder X-ray diffraction results have shown changes in polymorph modifications in CL20 (from ɛ to β) and HMX (from β to α) during the preparation of the composites, which have also been confirmed by spectral and differential thermal analysis techniques. The structural orientations found in these composites significantly stabilize nitramines against impact; their detonation properties have slightly deteriorated, but the PANi electrical conductivity has strongly increased their electric-spark sensitivity. The above properties of the prepared composites determine their potential use mainly as parts of the electric or laser impulse initiators, having “a green character”, for various charges.
Product classes characterization at micro-scale level applied to granular wastes fractions < 20 mm: a case-study
Authors: Rizzo Daniela , Somigliana Anna , Marmai Stefania , Cusumano Debora , Clerici Laura , Volante Marco 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA product class characterization was requested on some plastic granular waste samples, already reduced in fine form with particles < 20 mm, derived from waste electrical wires and PC cables. The product class discrimination was worked out by visual characterization with the aid of optical stereomicroscopy and confirmation by electron scanning microscopy (SEM) and microanalysis. Characterization at a micro-scale level evidenced predominance of plastic materials with presence of metal wires, paper, textile and glass fibres at residual levels in the main fraction (0.5–4 mm). The fractions < 0.5 mm, when present, cannot easily be distinguished at sight and only approximate qualitative information can be extracted by SEM analysis. The described approach has been carried out effectively due to major shape and material differences between plastic particles and metal wires and other materials. However, this approach may not work in every case, or it may not lead to usable results with every type of waste.
Extraction and characterization of phenolic compounds from mandarin peels using conventional and green techniques: a comparative study
Authors: Kaur Samandeep , Singh Vikrant , Chopra Harish K. , Panesar Parmjit S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe exploration of citrus waste valorization extends beyond its environmental benefits to encompass potential health implications, particularly in cancer prevention. The bioactive compounds extracted from citrus waste, notably polyphenols like quercetin, gallic acid, hesperidin, and ferulic acid, hold promising anti-cancer properties. Research suggests that these compounds exhibit potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which are integral in combating carcinogenesis. Quercetin, a flavonoid abundantly found in citrus extracts, has garnered attention for its ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, thereby impeding tumor growth. Gallic acid, another prevalent compound, demonstrates anticancer potential through its modulation of signaling pathways associated with cell survival and proliferation. Hesperidin, known for its antioxidative properties, has shown promise in suppressing tumor growth and metastasis by targeting various molecular pathways involved in cancer progression. Ferulic acid, renowned for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, exhibits chemopreventive effects by inhibiting carcinogen activation and promoting detoxification processes within the body. The present study compares conventional (soxhlet, maceration) and non-conventional (ultrasound, microwave) techniques to obtain these polyphenols from mandarin peels. The maximum total phenolic content of 3.78 mg GAE/ g dry peels and DPPH activity of 69.89% was observed using 80% methanol and ultrasound assisted extraction. The presence of these compounds was confirmed using advanced analytical methods such as FT-IR and HPLC. The phenolic compounds (mg/g dry peels) such as gallic acid (0.29 ± 1.08), p-coumaric acid (0.17 ± 0.52), chlorogenic acid (0.30 ± 0.56), ferulic acid (1.49 ± 1.36), hesperidin (1.34 ± 0.51), naringenin (0.56 ± 0.94), and quercetin (0.33 ± 1.02), observed during UAE were 25–35% higher values compared to other techniques. By harnessing the bioactive potential of citrus waste-derived compounds, particularly for cancer prevention, this study contributes to both environmental sustainability and human health enhancement, paving the way for innovative strategies in functional food development and nutraceutical applications.
Application of Deep Learning Techniques for the Optimization of Industrial Processes Through the Fusion of Sensory Data
Authors: Villegas-Ch William , Gaibor-Naranjo Walter , Sanchez-Viteri Santiago 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the era of Industry 4.0, mastering the management and analysis of large volumes of data has become essential to foster technological advances and improve operations. Our work presents a methodology combining spatial and temporal data with deep learning techniques, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks, Recurrent Neural Networks, Long Short-Term Memory and Gated Recurrent Units, and Deep Neural Networks. We aim to transform anomaly detection, perform predictive maintenance, and optimize industrial processes. Our work has found that intelligent integration of multiple data sources improves accuracy and other key indicators, such as F1 score and AUC, and enriches decision-making with more profound, detailed information about the operating environment. The results have been promising. We have seen an increase in anomaly detection accuracy by up to 92%, an improvement in early detection for predictive maintenance by 150%, and an improvement in operational efficiency from 70% to 85%. These advances validate our proposal and demonstrate its practicality in various industrial environments. This work proposes a guide for integrating data fusion technologies in Industry 4.0, highlighting the practical benefits of our methodology and opening new possibilities for innovation and improving operational efficiency.
Waste picking in the age of COVID-19: an environmental justice perspective
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Lalitha 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAll over the world, waste and its disposal are becoming a more prominent issue, as landfills swell up and growing evidence points to its contribution to climate change and environmental degradation. In the developing world, waste pickers sort through solid waste and sell it to vendors, who will recycle the product into something consumable. The work they do is vital to climate change mitigation, as well as urban cleanliness. In a way, waste pickers, especially in India, are vehicles of environmental justice, but they are often discriminated against and subjected to inhumane working conditions. In this environment, the pandemic hit, making waste pickers’ already precarious life even worse. This paper attempts to fill the gap in the academic literature by compiling a systemized literature review of the impacts of COVID-19 on waste-pickers’ lives using an environmental justice perspective. The review also uses a Feminist Political Ecology perspective to illuminate the double jeopardy that female waste pickers face in the era of COVID-19, which academia often ignores. Ultimately, this paper shows that COVID-19 exacerbated the preexisting injustices that the waste picker community face and created an immense burden on women. This paper will show that it is important to notice the differentiation between female and male waste picker challenges, especially at the crux of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper has important policy implications as well as research considerations for both environmental justice and feminist political ecology scholars.
Hitler's Atomic Bomb
Authors: Walker Mark 
Published: July 2024

Who were the German scientists who worked on atomic bombs during World War II for Hitler's regime? How did they justify themselves afterwards? Examining the global influence of the German uranium project and postwar reactions to the scientists involved, Mark Walker explores the narratives surrounding 'Hitler's bomb'. The global impacts of this project were cataclysmic. Credible reports of German developments spurred the American Manhattan Project, the nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and in turn the Soviet efforts. After the war these scientists' work was overshadowed by the twin shocks of Auschwitz and Hiroshima. Hitler's Atomic Bomb sheds light on the postwar criticism and subsequent rehabilitation of the German scientists, including the controversial legend of Werner Heisenberg and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker's visit to occupied Copenhagen in 1941. This scientifically accurate but non-technical history examines the impact of German efforts to harness nuclear fission, and the surrounding debates and legends.
Dehumanization and Minimization of Informal Caregivers Suffering: The Legitimizing Role of Justice Perceptions
Authors: Romão Ângela , Correia Isabel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInformal caregivers, who provide unpaid care work to individuals with disabilities, are devalued despite their important contributions to society. Identifying the factors contributing to their devaluation is crucial for recognizing and valuing their work. In two experimental studies, we examined (a) whether informal caregivers are dehumanized; (b) the moderating impact of belief in a just world (BJW) on this process; and (c) the predictive impact of BJW and the dehumanization of informal caregivers on the perception of informal caregivers’ suffering. In Study 1 (N= 180), a 2 (informal caregivervs.non-caregiver) X 2 (femalevs.male) between-participants design was used; in Study 2 (N= 205), there were two experimental conditions: female informal caregivervs.male informal caregiver. Participants were randomly assigned to one description of a target and were asked to complete measures assessing the dehumanization of the target (Studies 1 and 2), the perception of the suffering of the target (Study 2), and a measure of BJW referring to themselves (Study 2). Results showed the expected dehumanization effect, such that participants attributed fewer uniquely human emotions to informal caregivers compared to non-caregivers, regardless of their gender (Studies 1 and 2). However, this effect was observed only among participants with higher BJW (Study 2). Furthermore, BJW and the dehumanization of informal caregivers predicted the minimization of the perception of informal caregivers’ suffering (Study 2). These results establish a theoretical relationship between these research areas and offer insights for practical implications and future research.
Flow‐Dependent Color Patches in a Great Plains River
Authors: Bruns Nicholas E. , Gardner John R. , Doyle Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEcosystem structure and its heterogeneity shape ecosystem processes. Ecosystem heterogeneity has been characterized in smaller stream ecosystems dominated by benthic processes. However, in larger river ecosystems structured by water column characteristics including suspended sediment and phytoplankton, ecosystem heterogeneity has not been directly observed. We assessed flow‐dependent ecosystem structure along 230 km of a large, highly managed Great Plains river (The Kansas River) by analyzing 1‐dimensional, downstream color profiles across flow conditions derived from satellite imagery. River color is a robust metric that reflects the combined state of several important large‐river habitat features, specifically suspended sediment, chromophoric dissolved organic matter, and phytoplankton. We found that at flows above a flow threshold that we call Qpatch (240 m3 s−1), the entire river was uniformly yellow. At flows below Qpatch, the river was generally greener and often had patches of very green water that occurred upstream of run‐of‐river dams. Comparing color with in situ data showed the color patches were likely areas of elevated chlorophyll‐a concentrations from phytoplankton accumulation, indicating that the patches reflected biological processes. Flows were below Qpatch on 77% of days during the period of record (1985–present), indicating that the ecosystem spends significant time in a patchy state. Our findings uniquely demonstrate that the water column characteristics structuring temperate, large‐river ecosystems can be patchy.
Frontal Thrust Ramp‐Up and Slow Earthquakes Due To Underthrusting of Basement High in the Nankai Trough
Authors: Kimura G. , Shiraishi K. , Nakamura Y. , Kodaira S. , Fujie G. , Arai R. , Moore G. F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecently, integrated geophysical‐geological surveys in the Nankai subduction zone in Japan have revealed that slow earthquakes repeatedly occur beneath the outer wedge of the forearc. During December 2020 to February 2021, clustered slow earthquakes propagated around the frontal thrust of the accretionary wedge. The frontal thrust ramps up from the basal décollement and slips over trench‐filling sediment along the landward edge of the Nankai trough floor. Here, the Paleo‐Zenisu ridge has been subducted beneath the inner‐outer slope border. In addition, ocean floor topography and geologic structure revealed by seismic reflection surveys completed before 2022 document that the basement of the Philippine Sea Plate beneath the frontal thrust has a seamount and a horst‐like basement high. The northern edge of the basement high is located at the ramp‐up position of the frontal thrust. The 2020–2021 clustered slow earthquakes started at the Paleo‐Zenisu ridge and propagated to the topographic highs beneath the deformation front. Considering that the relative plate convergence between the upper Amurian Plate of the Nankai forearc and the subducting Philippine Sea Plate is ∼6.0 cm/year, the basement high at the deformation front has uplifted the frontal crest of the wedge at an average rate of 2.7–5.7 mm/year for several tens to hundred thousand years. These rates are among some of the highest rock uplift rates measured in the world. The slow earthquakes in the off‐Kumano Nankai Trough in 2020–2021 are a snapshot of a “living” Nankai frontal thrust during the megathrust interseismic period.
Unraveling the Lhasa‐Qiangtang Collision in Western Tibet: Insights From Geochronological and Paleomagnetic Analyses
Authors: Song Peiping , Ding Lin , Li Jinxiang , Yue Yahui , Xie Jing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Lhasa‐Qiangtang collision closed the Meso‐Tethys Ocean, but the exact timing of this event remains hotly debated. Here, we present geochronological and paleomagnetic analyses conducted on Cretaceous volcanics from western Qiangtang to constrain the Lhasa‐Qiangtang collision in western Tibet. Our investigations yield a paleolatitude of ∼30.5 ± 5.0°N for western Qiangtang during ca. 110–100 Ma. A reanalysis of previously acquired Mesozoic‐Cenozoic paleomagnetic data from western Qiangtang suggests a stationary position during ca. 136–34 Ma. Examination of paleomagnetic data from western Lhasa reveals a significant reduction in northward paleolatitudinal motion during the Early Cretaceous, dropping from ∼12.3 cm/yr to nearly zero. Integration of our paleomagnetic findings with available geological records has led to conclude that the Lhasa‐Qiangtang collision in western Tibet occurred at ca. 132 Ma. Additionally, we infer that crustal shortening on the order of ∼1,000 km happened between Lhasa and Qiangtang during the Early Cenozoic.
Dense Contaminants Mixing Into the Saltwater Wedge in Coastal Aquifers: Laboratory and Numerical Investigations
Authors: Zhang Jiaxu , Lu Chunhui , Zhang Chenming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe saltwater‐freshwater mixing zones in coastal aquifers can host complex physical exchange and biogeochemical transformations. The land‐sourced dense contaminant plumes could be transferred into the mixing zone of the saltwater wedge due to the density effect prior to discharge to the sea. However, the mixing process between dense contaminants and the saltwater wedge has not received much attention, largely due to the lack of physical evidence. This study used laboratory experiments and numerical simulations to investigate the transport and discharge behaviors of variable‐density contaminant plumes in tidally influenced unconfined coastal aquifers. Results demonstrate that the highly dense contaminants mix with the underlying saltwater and finally merge with the saltwater wedge. This process significantly extends the contaminant discharge durations, thereby reducing the peak value of contaminant efflux. The dense contaminants are elongated along the landward margin of the saltwater wedge, leading to a larger spreading area (Ms) than that of constant‐density contaminants. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the high density of contaminants acts as a trigger to induce the mixing of them and wedges. The higher hydraulic conductivity, lower dispersivities and reduced inland freshwater flux significantly increase the residence times (Rt) and discharge duration (Dt) by enhancing the mixing of dense contaminants with seawater. In contrast, both Rt and Dt values are not only non‐monotonic functions of tidal amplitudes but also less sensitive to tidal effects. Compared with the non‐tidal condition, however, the addition of tides significantly increases both Rt and Ms values of dense contaminant plumes. The results presented herein provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of dense contaminants mixing into saltwater wedges, which could guide practitioners in designing effective strategies to protect coastal environments from land‐sourced contaminants.
Accelerated aging of skeletal muscle and the immune system in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Nicholson Thomas , Dhaliwal Amritpal , Quinlan Jonathan I. , Allen Sophie L. , Williams Felicity R. , Hazeldine Jon , McGee Kirsty C. , Sullivan Jack , Breen Leigh , Elsharkawy Ahmed M. , Armstrong Matthew J. , Jones Simon W. , Greig Carolyn A. , Lord Janet M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPatients with chronic liver disease (CLD) often present with significant frailty, sarcopenia, and impaired immune function. However, the mechanisms driving the development of these age-related phenotypes are not fully understood. To determine whether accelerated biological aging may play a role in CLD, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic assessments were performed on the skeletal muscle tissue and immune cells of CLD patients and age-matched healthy controls. Accelerated biological aging of the skeletal muscle tissue of CLD patients was detected, as evidenced by an increase in epigenetic age compared with chronological age (mean +2.2 ± 4.8 years compared with healthy controls at −3.0 ± 3.2 years, p = 0.0001). Considering disease etiology, age acceleration was significantly greater in both the alcohol-related (ArLD) (p = 0.01) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (p = 0.0026) subgroups than in the healthy control subgroup, with no age acceleration observed in the immune-mediated subgroup or healthy control subgroup (p = 0.3). The skeletal muscle transcriptome was also enriched for genes associated with cellular senescence. Similarly, blood cell epigenetic age was significantly greater than that in control individuals, as calculated using the PhenoAge (p < 0.0001), DunedinPACE (p < 0.0001), or Hannum (p = 0.01) epigenetic clocks, with no difference using the Horvath clock. Analysis of the IMM-Age score indicated a prematurely aged immune phenotype in CLD patients that was 2-fold greater than that observed in age-matched healthy controls (p < 0.0001). These findings suggested that accelerated cellular aging may contribute to a phenotype associated with advanced age in CLD patients. Therefore, therapeutic interventions to reduce biological aging in CLD patients may improve health outcomes.