bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcome of deep brain stimulation for dystonia: constant‐current or constant‐voltage stimulation? A non‐randomized study
Authors: Lettieri C. , Rinaldo S. , Devigili G. , Pisa F. , Mucchiut M. , Belgrado E. , Mondani M. , D'Auria S. , Ius T. , Skrap M. , Eleopra R. 
Published: July 2014

Background and purposeBilateral globus pallidus deep brain stimulation (GPi‐DBS) represents an effective and relatively safe therapy for different forms of refractory dystonia. The aim of this study was to assess, retrospectively, the effect of two different stimulation settings during GPi‐DBS in 22 patients affected by primary generalized or multi‐segmental dystonia.MethodsThirteen patients were stimulated using a voltage‐controlled setting whilst in the other nine patients a current‐controlled setting was used. Clinical features were evaluated for each patient at baseline, 6 months and 12 months after surgery by means of the Burke−Fahn−Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale.ResultsGlobus pallidus deep brain stimulation was effective in all patients. However, comparing constant‐current and constant‐voltage stimulation, a better outcome was found in the current‐controlled group during the last 6 months of follow‐up.ConclusionsCurrent‐controlled stimulation is effective during GPi‐DBS for primary dystonia and it could be a better choice than voltage‐controlled stimulation over long‐term follow‐up.
Iliopsoas abscess as a complication of tunneled jugular vein catheterization in a hemodialysis patient
Authors: Hsiao Po‐Jen , Tsai Ming‐Hsien , Leu Jyh‐Gang , Fang Yu‐Wei 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIliopsoas abscess is a rare complication in hemodialysis patients that is mainly due to adjacent catheterization, local acupuncture, discitis, and bacteremia. Herein, we report a 47‐year‐old woman undergoing regular hemodialysis via a catheter in the internal jugular vein who presented with low back pain and dyspnea. A heart murmur suggested the presence of catheter‐related endocarditis, and this was confirmed by an echocardiogram and a blood culture of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. A computed tomography indicated a pulmonary embolism and an incidental finding of iliopsoas abscess. Following surgical intervention and intravenous daptomycin, the patient experienced full recovery and a return to usual activities. This case indicates that an iliopsoas abscess can be related to a jugular vein catheter, which is apparently facilitated by infective endocarditis. The possibility of iliopsoas abscess should be considered when a hemodialysis patient presents with severe low back pain, even when there is no history of adjacent mechanical intervention.
Characteristics of femorotibial joint geometry in the trochlear dysplastic femur
Authors: Frosch Stephan , Brodkorb Tobias , Schüttrumpf Jan Philipp , Wachowski Martin Michael , Walde Tim Alexander , Stürmer Klaus Michael , Balcarek Peter 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe medial and lateral tibia plateau geometry has been linked with the severity of trochlear dysplasia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the tibial slope and the femoral posterior condylar offset in a cohort of consecutive subjects with a trochlear dysplastic femur to investigate whether the condylar offset correlates with, and thus potentially compensates for, tibial slope asymmetry. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess the severity of trochlear dysplasia as well as the tibial slope and posterior offset of the femoral condyles separately for the medial and lateral compartment of the knee joint in 98 subjects with a trochlear dysplastic femur and 88 control subjects. A significant positive correlation was found for the medial tibial slope and the medial posterior condylar offset in the study group (r2 = 0.1566; P < 0.001). This relationship was significant for all subtypes of trochlear dysplasia and was most pronounced in the severe trochlear dysplastic femur (Dejour type D) (r2 = 0.3734; P = 0.04). No correlation was found for the lateral condylar offset and the lateral tibial slope in the study group or for the condylar offset and the tibial slope on both sides in the control group. The positive correlation between the medial femoral condylar offset and the medial tibial slope, that is, a greater degree of the medial tibial slope indicated a larger offset of the medial femoral condyle, appears to represent a general anthropomorphic characteristic of distal femur geometry in patients with a trochlear dysplastic femur.
Neuroanatomical distribution of mechanoreceptors in the human cadaveric shoulder capsule and labrum
Authors: Witherspoon Jessica W. , Smirnova Irina V. , McIff Terence E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe distribution, location, and spatial arrangement of mechanoreceptors are important for neural signal conciseness and accuracy in proprioceptive information required to maintain functional joint stability. The glenohumeral joint capsule and labrum are mechanoreceptor‐containing tissues for which the distribution of mechanoreceptors has not been determined despite the importance of these tissues in stabilizing the shoulder. More recently, it has been shown that damage to articular mechanoreceptors can result in proprioceptive deficits that may lead to recurrent instability. Awareness of mechanoreceptor distribution in the glenohumeral joint capsule and labrum may allow preservation of the mechanoreceptors during surgical treatment for shoulder instability, and in turn retain the joint's proprioceptive integrity. For this reason, we sought to develop a neuroanatomical map of the mechanoreceptors within the capsule and labrum. We postulated that the mechanoreceptors in these tissues are distributed in a unique pattern, with mechanoreceptor‐scarce regions that may be more appropriate for surgical dissection. We determined the neuroanatomical distribution of mechanoreceptors and their associated fascicles in the capsule and labrum from eight human cadaver shoulder pairs using our improved gold chloride staining technique and light microscopy. A distribution pattern was consistently observed in the capsule and labrum from which we derived a neuroanatomical map. Both tissues demonstrated mechanoreceptor‐dense and ‐scarce regions that may be considered during surgical treatment for instability. Capsular fascicles were located in the subsynovial layer, whereas labral fascicles were concentrated in the peri‐core zone. The capsular fascicles presented as a lattice network and with a plexiform appearance. Fascicles within the labrum resembled a cable structure with the fascicles running in parallel. Our findings contribute to the neuroanatomical knowledge of the two glenohumeral joint stabilizers, namely, capsule and labrum, primarily involved in the onset of shoulder instability and recurrent instability. Neuroanatomical knowledge of articular mechanoreceptors is important for (i) developing a topographical map that reflects correspondence between the joint and surrounding musculature, (ii) understanding proprioceptive deficits that are only partially restored post surgical and post rehabilitative treatment, and (iii) gaining further knowledge about articular mechanoreceptors.
Co‐Worker Exclusion and Employee Outcomes: An Investigation of the Moderating Roles of Perceived Organizational and Social Support
Authors: Scott Kristin L. , Zagenczyk Thomas J. , Schippers Michaéla , Purvis Russell L. , Cruz Kevin S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWhen does social support alleviate or exacerbate the effects of being excluded by colleagues in the workplace? This study integrates belongingness and social support theories to predict and demonstrate the differential effects of work‐related support (i.e., perceived organizational support; POS) and non‐work‐related support (i.e., family and social support; FSS) on employee reactions to co‐worker exclusion. Consistent with our predictions, we found that employees reporting high levels of co‐worker exclusion and high levels of perceived organizational support demonstrate higher levels of performance and increased levels of self‐worth than those reporting low levels of POS. Alternatively, support from family or friends intensified the negative relationship between co‐worker exclusion and self‐esteem and the positive relationship between co‐worker exclusion and job‐induced tension. Unexpectedly, FSS did not influence the supervisor‐rated task performance of excluded workers, nor did POS mitigate the relationship between co‐worker exclusion and job‐induced tension. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
Dehydrin expression in seeds and maturation drying: a paradigm change
Authors: Radwan A. , Hara M. , Kleinwächter M. , Selmar D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDehydrins are well known for being expressed in leaves during the course of developmental processes as well as under drought stress, being part of the protective machinery. Moreover, in seed physiology, dehydrins are classified as late embryogenesis‐related proteins (LEA protein), where they are thought to be responsible for persistence and longevity of seeds. Although both topics are a focus of modern plant biology, a direct linkage between these both areas is generally lacking. Based on an alignment of the chain of events, this paper will help to generate understanding that the occurrence of dehydrins in maturing seeds and leaves suffering drought stress is part of the same basic principle: basic principle: dehydrins are expressed in response to water shortage. Unfortunately, the related developmental process in seeds, i.e. maturation drying, has not been adequately considered as a part of this process. As a corresponding implication, the chain of events must be adjusted: the differences in dehydrin expression in orthodox, intermediate and recalcitrant seeds could be directly attributed to the occurrence or absence of maturation drying. The differences in dehydrin expression in orthodox, intermediate and recalcitrant seeds, and thus the differences in longevity, could be attributed to the occurrence or absence of a maturation drying.
A phase 1b study of placenta‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Chambers Daniel C. , Enever Debra , Ilic Nina , Sparks Lisa , Whitelaw Kylie , Ayres John , Yerkovich Stephanie T. , Khalil Dalia , Atkinson Kerry M. , Hopkins Peter M.A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a degenerative disease characterized by fibrosis following failed epithelial repair. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), a key component of the stem cell niche in bone marrow and possibly other organs including lung, have been shown to enhance epithelial repair and are effective in preclinical models of inflammation‐induced pulmonary fibrosis, but may be profibrotic in some circumstances.MethodsIn this single centre, non‐randomized, dose escalation phase 1b trial, patients with moderately severe IPF (diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) ≥ 25% and forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥ 50%) received either 1 × 106 (n = 4) or 2 × 106 (n = 4) unrelated‐donor, placenta‐derived MSC/kg via a peripheral vein and were followed for 6 months with lung function (FVC and DLCO), 6‐min walk distance (6MWD) and computed tomography (CT) chest.ResultsEight patients (4 female, aged 63.5 (57–75) years) with median (interquartile range) FVC 60 (52.5–74.5)% and DLCO 34.5 (29.5–40)% predicted were treated. Both dose schedules were well tolerated with only minor and transient acute adverse effects. MSC infusion was associated with a transient (1% (0–2%)) fall in SaO2 after 15 min, but no changes in haemodynamics. At 6 months FVC, DLCO, 6MWD and CT fibrosis score were unchanged compared with baseline. There was no evidence of worsening fibrosis.ConclusionsIntravenous MSC administration is feasible and has a good short‐term safety profile in patients with moderately severe IPF.
Do We Have a Workable Clinical Protocol for Differentiating Lympho‐Hematopoietic Stem Cells from the Source of Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Culture?
Authors: Chen U. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn recent years, many researchers are focusing on deriving lympho‐hematopoietic stem cells (L‐HSC) from human embryonic stem cells (ESC) and/or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in culture as alternative sources for transplantation. Two protocols are available for research purposes: mouse stroma cell line coculture system and embryoid bodies (EBs) suspension culture system. However, due to the lack of human stroma cell line, which could support the derivation of L‐HSC in culture, the generation of therapeutic lympho‐hematopoietic cells for clinical purpose can only be achieved using EBs suspension culture system. In this short communication/review, the results of EBs suspension culture system using mouse and human ESC/iPSC are summarized and the potential clinical application is discussed.
Three Isothermal Amplification Techniques for Rapid Identification of Cladophialophora carrionii, an Agent of Human Chromoblastomycosis
Authors: Deng Shuwen , de Hoog G. Sybren , Pan Weihua , Chen Min , van den Ende A. H. G. Gerrits , Yang Liyue , Sun Jiufeng , Najafzadeh Mohammad Javad , Liao Wanqing , Li Ruoyu 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

In this study, we developed rapid and sensitive assays for the detection of
Cladophialophora carrionii
, a common agent of human chromoblastomycosis. The isothermal techniques evaluated were rolling-circle amplification (RCA), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The probes for RCA and MLPA were designed with target sequences in the rDNA internal transcribed spacer gene (
ITS
) region, and LAMP primers were designed using the elongation factor 1α gene (
EF1
); these probes and primers specifically amplified DNA of isolates of the species. The three techniques were sufficiently specific and sensitive for discriminating target DNA of
C. carrionii
from that of related
Cladophialophora
species and other agents of chromoblastomycosis. RCA, MLPA, and LAMP are advantageous in their reliability and ease of operation compared to standard PCR and conventional methods.
Sequence of Events in Measles Virus Replication: Role of Phosphoprotein-Nucleocapsid Interactions
Authors: Brunel Joanna , Chopy Damien , Dosnon Marion , Bloyet Louis-Marie , Devaux Patricia , Urzua Erica , Cattaneo Roberto , Longhi Sonia , Gerlier Denis 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

The genome of nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses is tightly embedded within a nucleocapsid made of a nucleoprotein (N) homopolymer. To ensure processive RNA synthesis, the viral polymerase L in complex with its cofactor phosphoprotein (P) binds the nucleocapsid that constitutes the functional template. Measles virus P and N interact through two binding sites. While binding of the P amino terminus with the core of N (N
CORE
) prevents illegitimate encapsidation of cellular RNA, the interaction between their C-terminal domains, P
XD
and N
TAIL
is required for viral RNA synthesis. To investigate the binding dynamics between the two latter domains, the P
XD
F497 residue that makes multiple hydrophobic intramolecular interactions was mutated. Using a quantitative mammalian protein complementation assay and recombinant viruses, we found that an increase in P
XD
-to-N
TAIL
binding strength is associated with a slower transcript accumulation rate and that abolishing the interaction renders the polymerase nonfunctional. The use of a newly developed system allowing conditional expression of wild-type or mutated P genes, revealed that the loss of the P
XD
-N
TAIL
interaction results in reduced transcription by preformed transcriptases, suggesting reduced engagement on the genomic template. These intracellular data indicate that the viral polymerase entry into and progression along its genomic template relies on a protein-protein interaction that serves as a tightly controlled dynamic anchor.

IMPORTANCE
Mononegavirales
have a unique machinery to replicate RNA. Processivity of their polymerase is only achieved when the genome template is entirely embedded into a helical homopolymer of nucleoproteins that constitutes the nucleocapsid. The polymerase binds to the nucleocapsid template through the phosphoprotein. How the polymerase complex enters and travels along the nucleocapsid template to ensure uninterrupted synthesis of up to ∼6,700-nucleotide messenger RNAs from six to ten consecutive genes is unknown. Using a quantitative protein complementation assay and a biGene-biSilencing system allowing conditional expression of two P genes copies, the role of the P-to-N interaction in polymerase function was further characterized. We report here a dynamic protein anchoring mechanism that differs from all other known polymerases that rely only onto a sustained and direct binding to their nucleic acid template.
Structure Analysis of the Major Capsid Proteins of Human Polyomaviruses 6 and 7 Reveals an Obstructed Sialic Acid Binding Site
Authors: Ströh Luisa J. , Neu Ursula , Blaum Bärbel S. , Buch Michael H. C. , Garcea Robert L. , Stehle Thilo 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
Human polyomavirus 6 (HPyV6) and HPyV7 are commonly found on human skin. We have determined the X-ray structures of their major capsid protein, VP1, at resolutions of 1.8 and 1.7 Å, respectively. In polyomaviruses, VP1 commonly determines antigenicity as well as cell-surface receptor specificity, and the protein is therefore linked to attachment, tropism, and ultimately, viral pathogenicity. The structures of HPyV6 and HPyV7 VP1 reveal uniquely elongated loops that cover the bulk of the outer virion surfaces, obstructing a groove that binds sialylated glycan receptors in many other polyomaviruses. In support of this structural observation, interactions of VP1 with α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids could not be detected in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Single-cell binding studies indicate that sialylated glycans are likely not required for initial attachment to cultured human cells. Our findings establish distinct antigenic properties of HPyV6 and HPyV7 capsids and indicate that these two viruses engage nonsialylated receptors.

IMPORTANCE
Eleven new human polyomaviruses, including the skin viruses HPyV6 and HPyV7, have been identified during the last decade. In contrast to better-studied polyomaviruses, the routes of infection, cell tropism, and entry pathways of many of these new viruses remain largely mysterious. Our high-resolution X-ray structures of major capsid proteins VP1 from HPyV6 and from HPyV7 reveal critical differences in surface morphology from those of all other known polyomavirus structures. A groove that engages specific sialic acid-containing glycan receptors in related polyomaviruses is obstructed, and VP1 of HPyV6 and HPyV7 does not interact with sialylated compounds in solution or on cultured human cells. A comprehensive comparison with other structurally characterized polyomavirus VP1 proteins enhances our understanding of molecular determinants that underlie receptor specificity, antigenicity, and, ultimately, pathogenicity within the polyomavirus family and highlight the need for structure-based analysis to better define phylogenetic relationships within the growing polyomavirus family and perhaps also for other viruses.
Dual Modulation of Type I Interferon Response by Bluetongue Virus
Authors: Doceul Virginie , Chauveau Emilie , Lara Estelle , Bréard Emmanuel , Sailleau Corinne , Zientara Stéphan , Vitour Damien 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTBluetongue virus (BTV) is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus that causes an economically important disease in ruminants. BTV infection is a strong inducer of type I interferon (IFN-I) in multiple cell types. It has been shown recently that BTV and, more specifically, the nonstructural protein NS3 of BTV are able to modulate the IFN-I synthesis pathway. However, nothing is known about the ability of BTV to counteract IFN-I signaling. Here, we investigated the effect of BTV on the IFN-I response pathway and, more particularly, the Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription protein (STAT) signaling pathway. We found that BTV infection triggered the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in A549 cells. However, when BTV-infected cells were stimulated with external IFN-I, we showed that activation of the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) promoter and expression of ISGs were inhibited. We found that this inhibition involved two different mechanisms that were dependent on the time of infection. After overnight infection, BTV blocked specifically the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT1. This inhibition correlated with the redistribution of STAT1 in regions adjacent to the nucleus. At a later time point of infection, BTV was found to interfere with the activation of other key components of the JAK/STAT pathway and to induce the downregulation of JAK1 and TYK2 protein expression. Overall, our study indicates for the first time that BTV is able to interfere with the JAK/STAT pathway to modulate the IFN-I response.IMPORTANCEBluetongue virus (BTV) causes a severe disease in ruminants and has an important impact on the livestock economy in areas of endemicity such as Africa. The emergence of strains, such as serotype 8 in Europe in 2006, can lead to important economic losses due to commercial restrictions and prophylactic measures. It has been known for many years that BTV is a strong inducer of type I interferon (IFN-I)in vitroandin vivoin multiple cell types. However, the ability of BTV to interact with the IFN-I system remains unclear. Here, we report that BTV is able to modulate the IFN-I response by interfering with the Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription protein (STAT) signaling pathway. These findings contribute to knowledge of how BTV infection interferes with the host's innate immune response and becomes pathogenic. This will also be important for the design of efficacious vaccine candidates.
Human Cytomegalovirus Upregulates Expression of the Lectin Galectin 9 via Induction of Beta Interferon
Authors: McSharry Brian P. , Forbes Simone K. , Cao John Z. , Avdic Selmir , Machala Emily A. , Gottlieb David J. , Abendroth Allison , Slobedman Barry 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTRegulation of the lectin galectin 9 (Gal-9) was investigated for the first time during human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Gal-9 transcription was significantly upregulated in transplant recipients with reactivated HCMVin vivo. In vitro, Gal-9 was potently upregulated by HCMV independently of viral gene expression, with interferon beta (IFN-β) identified as the mediator of this effect. This study defines an immunoregulatory protein potently increased by HCMV infection and a novel mechanism to control Gal-9 through IFN-β induction.