bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of urban particulate matter with high glucose on human monocytes U937
Authors: Zhang Yue , Mo Yiqun , Gu Aihua , Wan Rong , Zhang Qunwei , Tollerud David J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEpidemiological studies and animal experiments have shown that individuals with preexisting diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), are more susceptible to particulate matter (PM)‐related cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We hypothesized that PM and high glucose combined would cause enhanced effects on activation of monocytes and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) by inducing oxidative stress, which would further activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Human monocytes U937 were used to test the effects of urban particulate matter (U‐PM) and high glucose. The results showed that exposure of monocytes to non‐toxic doses of U‐PM alone caused generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased phosphorylation of p38, and activation of monocytes which was reflected by up‐regulation of MMP‐2, MMP‐9 and proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐8 expression and increased activity of pro‐MMP‐2 and pro‐MMP‐9. These effects were enhanced significantly when cells were exposed to U‐PM in a high‐glucose environment. Our results also showed that pre‐treatment of cells with ROS scavengers or inhibitors abolished U‐PM and high glucose‐induced increased phosphorylation of p38. Up‐regulation of pro‐MMP‐2 and pro‐MMP‐9 activity by U‐PM in the setting of high glucose level was dramatically attenuated by treatment of cells with the p38‐specific inhibitor, SB203580. These results suggest that activation of MMPs by U‐PM with high glucose is partly through p38 phosphorylation that is induced by oxidative stress. Our findings may have important implications in understanding the potential health effects of PM on susceptible populations such as those with DM. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An assay to determine the sensitive window of embryos to chemical exposure using Xenopus tropicalis
Authors: Hu Lingling , Wu Lijiao , Xue Yingang , Zhu Jingmin , Shi Huahong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe frog embryo teratogenesis assay‐Xenopus (FETAX) is an established method to evaluate the developmental toxicity of chemicals. In FETAX, a 48 h continuous exposure is usually conducted when the X. tropicalis embryo is used as the test model. In the present study, we exposed X. tropicalis embryos to nine known teratogens for four separate 12‐h periods. The embryos showed great variations in response to nine tested compounds during different exposure periods. Based on the value of the score of malformations, the most sensitive 12 h exposure periods of embryos were significantly distinguished for all the compounds with the exception of NiCl2. The embryos were the most sensitive to retinols (e.g. all‐trans‐retinoic acid and 9‐cis‐retinoic acid) during 0–12 h and to metal compounds (e.g. triphenlytin and CdCl2) during a 24 to 36 h exposure period. In the further 3 h exposure experiment, the most sensitive period could only be determined for one of three tested compounds. Based on the present results, we proposed an assay to determine a 12 h sensitive window of embryos to chemical exposure using Xenopus tropicalis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Angiogenesis is repressed by ethanol exposure during chick embryonic development
Authors: Wang Guang , Zhong Shan , Zhang Shi‐yao , Ma Zheng‐lai , Chen Jian‐long , Lu Wen‐hui , Cheng Xin , Chuai Manli , Lee Kenneth Ka Ho , Lu Da‐xiang , Yang Xuesong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIt is now known that excess alcohol consumption during pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol syndrome to develop. However, it is not known whether excess ethanol exposure could directly affect angiogenesis in the embryo or angiogenesis being indirectly affected because of ethanol‐induced fetal alcohol syndrome. Using the chick yolk sac membrane (YSM) model, we demonstrated that ethanol exposure dramatically inhibited angiogenesis in the YSM of 9‐day‐old chick embryos, in a dose‐dependent manner. Likewise, the anti‐angiogenesis effect of ethanol could be seen in the developing vessel plexus (at the same extra‐embryonic regions) during earlier stages of embryo development. The anti‐angiogenic effect of ethanol was found associated with excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; as glutathione peroxidase activity increased while superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 activities decreased in the YSMs. We further validated this observation by exposing chick embryos to 2,2′‐azobis‐amidinopropane dihydrochloride (a ROS inducer) and obtained a similar anti‐angiogenesis effect as ethanol treatment. Semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis of the experimental YSMs revealed that expression of angiogenesis‐related genes, vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, fibroblast growth factor 2 and hypoxia‐inducible factor, were all repressed following ethanol and 2,2′‐azobis‐amidinopropane dihydrochloride treatment. In summary, our results suggest that excess ethanol exposure inhibits embryonic angiogenesis through promoting superfluous ROS production during embryo development. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kupffer cell‐mediated exacerbation of methimazole‐induced acute liver injury in rats
Authors: Akai Sho , Uematsu Yasuaki , Tsuneyama Koichi , Oda Shingo , Yokoi Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMethimazole (MTZ), an anti‐thyroid drug, is known to cause liver injury in humans. It has been demonstrated that MTZ‐induced liver injury in Balb/c mice is accompanied by T helper (Th) 2 cytokine‐mediated immune responses; however, there is little evidence for immune responses associated with MTZ‐induced liver injury in rats. To investigate species differences in MTZ‐induced liver injury, we administered MTZ with a glutathione biosynthesis inhibitor, L‐buthionine‐S,R‐sulfoximine (BSO), to F344 rats and subsequently observed an increase in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which are associated with hepatic lesions. The hepatic mRNA expression of innate immune‐related genes significantly increased in BSO‐ and MTZ‐treated rats, but the change in Th2‐related genes was not much greater than the change observed in the previous mouse study. Moreover, an increase in Kupffer cells and an induction of the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) proteins were accompanied by an increase in Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression, indicating that Kupffer cell activation occurs through HMGB1‐TLR4 signaling. To elucidate the mechanism of liver injury in rats, gadolinium chloride, which inactivates the function of Kupffer cells, was administered before BSO and MTZ administration. The gadolinium chloride treatment significantly suppressed the increased ALT, which was accompanied by decreased hepatic mRNA expression related to innate immune responses and ERK/JNK phosphorylation. In conclusion, Kupffer cell‐mediated immune responses are crucial factors for the exacerbation of MTZ‐induced liver injury in rats, indicating apparent species differences in the immune‐mediated exacerbation of liver injury between mice and rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of sulpiride and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether on endometrial carcinogenicity in Donryu rats
Authors: Taketa Yoshikazu , Inoue Kaoru , Takahashi Miwa , Sakamoto Yohei , Watanabe Gen , Taya Kazuyoshi , Yoshida Midori 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSulpiride and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) are known ovarian toxicants that stimulate prolactin (PRL) secretion, resulting in hypertrophy of the corpora lutea and increased progesterone (P4) production. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how the PRL stimulatory agents affected uterine carcinogenesis and to clarify the effects of PRL on endometrial adenocarcinoma progression in rats. Ten‐week‐old female Donryu rats were treated once with N‐ethyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (20 mg kg−1), followed by treatment with sulpiride (200 ppm) or EGME (1250 ppm) from 11 weeks of age to 12 months of age. Sulpiride treatment inhibited the incidence of uterine adenocarcinoma and precancerous lesions of atypical endometrial hyperplasia, whereas EGME had no effect on uterine carcinogenesis. Sulpiride markedly prevented the onset of persistent estrus throughout the study period, and EGME delayed and inhibited the onset of persistent estrus. Moreover, sulpiride‐treated animals showed high PRL and P4 serum levels without changes in the levels of estradiol‐17β, low uterine weights and histological luteal cell hypertrophy. EGME did not affect serum PRL and P4 levels. These results suggest that the prolonged low estradiol‐17β to P4 ratio accompanied by persistent estrous cycle abnormalities secondary to the luteal stimulatory effects of PRL may explain the inhibitory effects of sulpiride on uterine carcinogenesis in rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contribution of Quadriceps Weakness to Fragility Fracture: A Prospective Study
Authors: Pham Hanh M , Nguyen Nguyen D , Center Jacqueline R , Eisman John A , Nguyen Tuan V 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT The association between muscle weakness and fracture is not well understood. This study sought to examine the contribution of muscle strength at baseline and change in muscle strength to the observed risk of fragility fracture in older people. The study involved 595 men and 1066 women aged 60+ years (median 69 years) who had been followed for a median of 11 years (range, 4 to 22 years). Quadriceps isometric muscle strength (MS) measured at baseline and biennially was adjusted for height. Femoral neck bone mineral density (FNBMD) was measured by DXA. Low-trauma fracture was ascertained from X-ray reports and interview. The relationship between baseline MS and serial MS and fracture assessed by time-invariant and time-variant Cox's regression models was expressed as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). During the follow-up period, 282 (26%) women and 89 (15%) men sustained a fragility fracture. From age 60 years, women lost 0.28 kg/m (1.6%) of MS per year, whereas men lost 0.39 kg/m (1.5%) of MS per year. In the time-variant model, using serial MS, each 1 SD (4.7 kg/m) lower MS was associated with a 27% increase in the risk of fracture in women (HR 1.27; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.43); and 46% increase in men (HR 1.46; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.75). After adjusting for FNBMD, age and prior fracture, history of fall and smoking, HR per SD of lower MS was 1.13 (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.28) for women and 1.35 (95% CI, 1.18 to 1.64) for men. These data indicate that muscle weakness is an independent determinant of fracture risk in men, but not in women. This sex difference suggests that apart from mechanical load effect of muscle on bone, there are other muscle-bone interactions that need to be investigated in future studies. The accuracy of fracture risk prediction for men may be improved by incorporating muscle strength. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Incidence and Predictors of Multiple Fractures Despite High Adherence to Oral Bisphosphonates: A Binational Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Hawley Samuel , Javaid M Kassim , Rubin Katrine H , Judge Andrew , Arden Nigel K , Vestergaard Peter , Eastell Richard , Diez-Perez Adolfo , Cooper Cyrus , Abrahamsen Bo , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Oral bisphosphonates (BPs) are highly effective in preventing fractures and are recommended first-line therapies for patients with osteoporosis. We identified the incidence and predictors of oral BP treatment failure, defined as the incidence of two or more fractures while on treatment (≥2 FWOT) among users with high adherence. Fractures were considered from 6 months after treatment initiation and up to 6 months after discontinuation. Data from computerized records and pharmacy invoices were obtained from Sistema d‘Informació per al Desenvolupament de l‘Investigació en Atenció Primària (SIDIAP; Catalonia, Spain) and Danish Health Registries (Denmark) for all incident users of oral BPs in 2006-2007 and 2000-2001, respectively. Fine and Gray survival models using backward-stepwise selection (p-entry 0.049; p- exit 0.10) and accounting for the competing risk of therapy cessation were used to identify predictors of ≥2 FWOT among patients having persisted with treatment ≥6 months with overall medication possession ratio (MPR) ≥80%. Incidence of ≥2 FWOT was 2.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8 to 3.2) and 1.7 (95% CI, 1.2 to 2.2) per 1000 patient-years (PYs) within Catalonia and Denmark, respectively. Older age was predictive of ≥2 FWOT in both Catalonian and Danish cohorts: subhazard ratio (SHR) = 2.28 (95% CI, 1.11 to 4.68) and SHR = 2.61 (95% CI, 0.98 to 6.95), respectively, for 65 to &lt;80 years; and SHR = 3.19 (95% CI, 1.33 to 7.69) and SHR = 4.88 (95% CI, 1.74 to 13.7), respectively, for ≥80 years. Further significant predictors of ≥2 FWOT identified within only one cohort were dementia, SHR = 4.46 (95% CI, 1.02 to 19.4) (SIDIAP); and history of recent or older fracture, SHR = 3.40 (95% CI, 1.50 to 7.68) and SHR = 2.08 (95% CI: 1.04-4.15), respectively (Denmark). Even among highly adherent users of oral BP therapy, a minority sustain multiple fractures while on treatment. Older age was predictive of increased risk within both study populations, as was history of recent/old fracture and dementia within one but not both populations. Additional and/or alternative strategies should be investigated for these patients. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Fat and Sucrose Intake Induces Obesity-Related Bone Metabolism Disturbances: Kinetic and Reversibility Studies in Growing and Adult Rats
Authors: Lavet Cédric , Martin Aline , Linossier Marie-Thérèse , Bossche Arnaud Vanden , Laroche Norbert , Thomas Mireille , Gerbaix Maude , Ammann Patrick , Fraissenon Antoine , Lafage-Proust Marie-Hélène , Courteix Daniel , Vico Laurence 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Metabolic and bone effects were investigated in growing (G, n = 45) and mature (M, n = 45) rats fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFS) isocaloric to the chow diet of controls (C, n = 30 per group). At week 19, a subset of 15 rats in each group (HFS or C, at both ages) was analyzed. Then one-half of the remaining 30 HFS rats in each groups continued HFS and one-half were shifted to C until week 27. Although no serum or bone marrow inflammation was seen, HFS increased visceral fat, serum leptin and insulin at week 19 and induced further alterations in lipid profile, serum adiponectin, and TGFβ1, TIMP1, MMP2, and MMP9, suggesting a prediabetic phenotype and cardiovascular dysfunction at week 27 more pronounced in M than G. These events were associated with dramatic reduction of osteoclastic and osteoid surfaces with accelerated mineralizing surfaces in both HFS age groups. Mineral metabolism and its major regulators were disturbed, leading to hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. These changes were associated with bone alterations in the weight-bearing tibia, not in the non-weight-bearing vertebra. Indeed in fat rats, tibia trabecular bone accrual increased in G whereas loss of trabecular bone in M was alleviated. At diaphysis cortical porosity increased in G and even more in M at week 27. After the diet switch, metabolic and bone cellular disturbances fully reversed in G, but not in M. Trabecular benefit of the obese was preserved in both age groups and in M the age-related bone loss was even lighter after the diet switch than in prolonged HFS. At the diaphysis, cortical porosity normalized in G but not in M. Hypocalcemia in G and M was irreversible. Thus, the mild metabolic syndrome induced by isocaloric HFS is able to alter bone cellular activities and mineral metabolism, reinforce trabecular bone, and affect cortical bone porosity in an irreversible manner in older rats. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
ANFIS modeling for bacteria detection based on GNR biosensor
Authors: Akbari Elnaz , Buntat Zolkafle , Shahraki Elmira , Zeinalinezhad Alireza , Nilashi Mehrbakhsh 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDGraphene is an allotrope of carbon with two‐dimensional (2D) monolayer honeycombs. A larger detection area and higher sensitivity can be provided by a graphene based nanosenor because of its two‐dimensional structure. In addition, owing to its special characteristics including electrical, optical and physical properties, graphene is a known more suitable candidate than other materials for use in sensor applications.RESULTIn this research, a set of novel models employing field effect transistor (FET) structures using graphene has been proposed and the current–voltage (I‐V) characteristics of graphene have been employed to model the sensing mechanism. An adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) algorithm has been used to provide another model for the current–voltage (I‐V) characteristic.CONCLUSIONIt has been observed that the graphene device experiences a large increase in conductance when exposed to Escherichia coli bacteria at 0–104 cfu mL−1 concentrations. Accordingly, the proposed model exhibits satisfactory agreement with the experimental data and this biosensor can detect E. coli bacteria providing high levels of sensitivity. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Energy recovery from winery wastewater using a dual chamber microbial fuel cell
Authors: Penteado Eduardo D , Fernandez‐Marchante Carmen M , Zaiat Marcelo , Cañizares Pablo , Gonzalez Ernesto R , Rodrigo Manuel AR 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrobial fuel cells (MFCs) can treat agro‐industrial wastewater, but only a few studies have reported the treatment of winery waste and much work is needed in order to develop this interesting application of MFC technology, in particular in evaluating how the unfavorable COD/N and COD/P ratios may affect the MFC performance. In this work, a dual chamber MFC was used to treat real effluents from wine processing factories.RESULTSThe MFC was not efficient in terms of COD removal, even when nutrients concentration was increased and daily removals which oscillated around 1000 mg L‐1 d‐1 were observed during the complete experimental period, with COD removals around 17%. Increases in the phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations positively influenced the production of electricity. By increasing the concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen, Coulombic efficiency was increased from 2% to almost 15%, and maximum power density from 105 to 465 mW m‐2.CONCLUSIONSResults demonstrate that electricity can be produced efficiently and that the unbalanced nutrients/COD ratio is a major challenge in the treatment of winery wastewater, in spite of the very high organic load contained in this type of wastewater. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Using cell recycling batch fermentations to validate a setup for cellulosic ethanol production
Authors: Silva Vinícius FN , Nakanishi Simone C , Dionísio Suzane R , Rossell Carlos EV , Ienczak Jaciane L , Gonçalves Adilson R , Rocha George JM 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough cells recycling has been recognized as an important technology in obtaining first generation ethanol, there are few studies using this technology to obtain second generation ethanol, limited only to the fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysate and molasses mixture. The present work evaluated the use of cell recycle batch fermentation to validate a setup for cellulosic ethanol production. Setup considered a diluted phosphoric acid pretreatment followed by alkaline delignification, enzymatic hydrolysis, hexoses concentration, and finally, cell recycle batch fermentations. After the concentration step of cellulosic hydrolysate, performance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae recycling was evaluated from parameters related to the alcoholic fermentation, such as productivity and ethanol yield.RESULTSGlobal productivity values of 1.94, 4.19, 5.62, 5.68 and 5.81 g L−1 h−1 were obtained for all batch fermentations, respectively. Fermentation reaction was performed for 8 h in the 3rd, 4th and 5th batches. The medium yield of 87.4% and ethanol titer of 47.0 g L−1 were obtained in nearly all batches.CONCLUSIONSThe results showed good performance of the yeast with consumption of almost all glucose present in cellulosic hydrolysate without sterilization and supplied with molasses. In this context, the setup proposed can be a possible design for second generation ethanol production. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Complications of percutaneous thrombin injection in patients with postcatheterization femoral pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Kurzawski Jacek , Sadowski Marcin , Janion‐Sadowska Agnieszka 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTPurposeTo study the complications of ultrasound‐guided thrombin injection of pseudo‐aneurysms occurring after interventional cardiovascular procedures.MethodWe prospectively studied 353 patients who developed post‐catheterization femoral artery pseudo‐aneurysms and were treated with ultrasound‐guided thrombin injection.ResultsArterial micro‐embolization occurred in 53 patients (15%) and pulmonary embolism in 1 patient (0.3%). None of the patients developed significant peripheral arterial embolism. The length of the communicating channel between the arterial lumen and the pseudo‐aneurysm was inversely correlated with the risk of embolization (p < 0.0001). A 4.6 mm increase in channel length decreased the odds of embolization by 14%, and patients with a channel less than 2 mm long were at greater risk. Repeated thrombin injection also increased the risk of embolization (p = 0.02).ConclusionThrombin injection for the treatment of post‐catheterization femoral pseudo‐aneurysm is feasible and safe, but it must be performed with caution, especially when the sac is directly communicating with the artery, or when success cannot be achieved with a single injection. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:188–195, 2016;
Prenatal diagnosis of clubfoot: Chromosomal abnormalities associated with fetal defects and outcome in a tertiary center
Authors: Viaris de le Segno Benjamin , Gruchy Nicolas , Bronfen Corinne , Dolley Patricia , Leporrier Nathalie , Creveuil Christian , Benoist Guillaume 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTPurposeOur aim was to evaluate the rate of occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities, associated findings, and outcome in a series of cases of prenatally diagnosed clubfoot.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of all cases of clubfoot diagnosed prenatally in the ultrasound unit of a French tertiary center from January 2004 through December 2011. Clubfoot was scored as complex or isolated depending on the presence or absence of another structural abnormality observed on sonographic examination.ResultsData from 90 fetuses prenatally diagnosed with clubfoot were included in this study. Thirty‐four cases were considered complex (38%) and 56 were considered isolated (62%). A chromosomal abnormality was identified in 10 of 33 of the fetuses with complex clubfoot and in 1 of 45 of those with isolated clubfoot (p < 0.001). Clubfoot was associated with a poor outcome in 5 of 52 cases of isolated clubfoot and in 31 of 34 cases associated with other structural defects (p < 0.001). The deformity was bilateral in 62 cases (69%) and unilateral in 28 (31%). No statistically significantly higher rate of poor outcome was identified when the deformity occurred bilaterally nor was a significantly higher rate of chromosomal abnormality noted in this condition.ConclusionsAneuploidy and adverse pregnancy outcomes occur more commonly in prenatally diagnosed cases of complex clubfoot than in those of isolated clubfoot. Fetal karyotyping is required in cases of complex clubfoot, but the need for that procedure in isolated clubfoot remains controversial. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:100–105, 2016