bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary management of spinal AVFs and AVMs: lessons learned from 110 cases
Authors: Rangel-Castilla Leonardo , Russin Jonathan J. , Zaidi Hasan A. , Martinez-del-Campo Eduardo , Park Min S. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , McDougall Cameron G. , Nakaji Peter , Spetzler Robert F. 
Published: September 2014

Object
Spinal arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare, complex spinal vascular lesions that are challenging to manage. Recently, understanding of these lesions has increased thanks to neuroimaging technology. Published reports of surgical results and clinical outcome are limited to small series. The authors present a large contemporary series of patients with spinal AVFs and AVMs who were treated at Barrow Neurological Institute in Phoenix, Arizona.

Methods
Retrospective detailed review of a prospective vascular database was performed for all patients with spinal AVFs and AVMs treated between 2000 and 2013. Patient demographic data, AVF and AVM characteristics, surgical results, clinical outcomes, complications, and long-term follow-up were reviewed.

Results
Between 2000 and 2013, 110 patients (57 male and 53 female) underwent obliteration of spinal AVFs and AVMs. The mean age at presentation was 42.3 years (range 18 months–81 years). There were 44 patients with AVFs and 66 with AVMs. The AVM group included 27 intramedullary, 21 conus medullaris, 12 metameric, and 6 extradural. The most common location was thoracic spine (61%), followed by cervical (22.7%), lumbar (14.5%), and sacral (1.8%). The most common presenting signs and symptoms included paresis/paralysis (75.5%), paresthesias (60%), pain (51.8%), bowel/bladder dysfunction (41.8%), and myelopathy (36.4%). Evidence of rupture was seen in 26.4% of patients. Perioperative embolization was performed in 42% of patients. Resection was performed in 95 patients (86.4%). Embolization alone was the only treatment in 14 patients (12.7%). One patient was treated with radiosurgery alone. Angiographically verified AVF and AVM obliteration was achieved in 92 patients (83.6%). At a mean follow-up duration of 30.5 months (range 1–205 months), 43 patients (97.7%) with AVFs and 57 (86.4%) with AVMs remained functionally independent (McCormick Scale scores ≤ 2). Perioperative complications were seen in 8 patients (7%). No deaths occurred. Temporary neurological deficits were observed in 27 patients (24.5%). These temporary deficits recovered 6–8 weeks after treatment. Recurrence was identified in 6 patients (13.6%) with AVFs and 10 (15.2%) with AVMs.

Conclusions
Spinal AVFs and AVMs are complex lesions that should be considered for surgical obliteration. Over the last several decades the authors have changed surgical strategies and management to achieve better clinical outcomes. Transient neurological deficit postoperatively is a risk associated with intervention; however, clinical outcomes appear to exceed the natural history based on patients’ ability to recover during the follow-up period. Due to the recurrence rate associated with these lesions, long-term follow-up is required.
Thoracic arachnoid cyst resection
Authors: Deutsch Harel 
Published: September 2014

Arachnoid cysts in the spinal cord may be asymptomatic. In some cases arachnoid cysts may exert mass effect on the thoracic spinal cord and lead to pain and myelopathy symptoms. Arachnoid cysts may be difficult to visualize on an MRI scan because the thin walled arachnoid may not be visible. Focal displacement of the thoracic spinal cord and effacement of the spinal cord with apparent widening of the cerebrospinal fluid space is seen. This video demonstrates surgical techniques to remove a dorsal arachnoid cyst causing spinal cord compression. The surgery involves a thoracic laminectomy. The dura is opened sharply with care taken not to open the arachnoid so that the cyst can be well visualized. The thickened arachnoid walls of the cyst are removed to alleviate the compression caused by the arachnoid cyst.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/pgUrl9xvsD0.
Release and repair of a ventral thoracic spinal cord herniation
Authors: McCormick Paul C. 
Published: September 2014

Ventral thoracic spinal cord herniation is a rare but increasingly recognized cause of progressive myelopathy. This video demonstrates the imaging characteristics and surgical techniques for release and reduction of the spinal cord herniation as well as primary repair and reinforcement of the ventral dural hernia defect through an extended posterior approach. An instrumented fusion was concomitantly performed.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/6Pcokep6Tug.
Dorsal arachnoid web
Authors: McCormick Paul C. 
Published: September 2014

Dorsal thoracic arachnoid web is a rare but often overlooked cause of progressive myelopathy. Syringomyelia, either above or below the compressive arachnoid band, may also be present. Dorsal arachnoid cyst and ventral spinal cord herniation may be mistaken for this condition. This video demonstrates the microsurgical identification and techniques of resection of a dorsal arachnoid band producing a progressive myelopathy in a 63-year-old man.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/KDNTqiyW6yo.
Microsurgical resection of intramedullary spinal cord hemangioblastoma
Authors: McCormick Paul C. 
Published: September 2014

Spinal cord hemangioblastomas account for about 10% of spinal cord tumors. They usually arise from the dorsolateral pia mater and are characterized by their significant vascularity. The principles and techniques of safe resection are different than those employed for the more commonly occurring intramedullary glial tumors (e.g. ependymoma, astrocytoma) and consist of circumferential detachment of the tumor margin from the surrounding normal pia. This video demonstrates the microsurgical techniques of resection of a thoracic spinal cord hemangioblastoma.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/yT5KLi4VyAo.
Microsurgical ligation of spinal arteriovenous fistulae: techniques
Authors: Tuchek Chad A. , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. 
Published: September 2014

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is an acquired abnormal arterial-to-venous connection within the spinal dura with a wide range of clinical presentations and natural history. Spinal dAVF occurs when a radicular artery makes a direct anomalous shunt with a radicular vein within the dura of the nerve root sleeve. Spinal dAVFs are the most common vascular malformation of the spine.The authors present a patient who presented with sudden temporary lower extremity weakness secondary to an L-1 spinal dAVF. The details of microsurgical techniques to disconnect the fistula are discussed in this video.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/F9Kiffs3s6A.
Resection of cervical ependymoma
Authors: Lanzino Giuseppe , Morales-Valero Saul F. , Krauss William E. , Campero Mario , Marsh W. Richard 
Published: September 2014

Intramedullary ependymomas are surgically curable tumors. However, their surgical resection poses several challenges. In this intraoperative video we illustrate the main steps for the surgical resection of a cervical intramedullary ependymoma. These critical steps include: adequate exposure of the entire length of the tumor; use of the intraoperative ultrasound; identification of the posterior median sulcus and separation of the posterior columns; Identification of the plane between the spinal cord and the tumor; mobilization and debulking of the tumor and disconnection of the vascular supply (usually from small anterior spinal artery branches). Following these basic steps a complete resection can be safely achieved in many cases.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/QMYXC_F4O4U.
Introduction: Intradural Spinal Surgery video supplement
Authors: McCormick Paul C. 
Published: September 2014

This Neurosurgical Focus video supplement contains detailed narrated videos of a broad range of intradural pathology such as neoplasms, including intramedullary, extramedullary, and dumbbell tumors, vascular malformations, functional disorders, and rare conditions that are often overlooked or misdiagnosed such as arachnoid cysts, ventral spinal cord herniation, and dorsal arachnoid web.The intent of this supplement is to provide meaningful educational and instructional content at all levels of training and practice. As such, the selected video submissions each provide a comprehensive detailed narrative description and coordinated video that contains the entire spectrum of relevant information including imaging, operative setup and positioning, and exposure, as well as surgical strategies, techniques, and sequencing toward the safe and effective achievement of the operative objective. This level of detail often necessitated a more lengthy video duration than is typically presented in oral presentations or standard video clips from peer reviewed publications. Unfortunately, space limitations precluded the inclusion of several other excellent video submissions in this supplement.While most videos in this supplement reflect standard operative approaches and techniques there are also submissions that describe innovative exposures and techniques that have expanded surgical options such as ventral approaches, stereotactic guidance, and minimally invasive exposures. There is some redundancy in both the topics and techniques both to underscore fundamental surgical principles as well as to provide complementary perspective from different surgeons.It has been my privilege to serve as guest editor for this video supplement and I would like to extend my appreciation to Mark Bilsky, Bill Krauss, and Sander Connolly for reviewing the large number submitted videos. Most of all, I would like to thank the authors for their skill and effort in the preparation of the outstanding videos that constitute this video supplement.
Smoking is a negative predictor of arteriovenous malformation posttreatment obliteration: analysis of vascular risk factors in 774 patients
Authors: Dalyai Richard , Starke Robert M. , Chalouhi Nohra , Theofanis Thana , Busack Christopher , Jabbour Pascal , Gonzalez L. Fernando , Rosenwasser Robert , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula 
Published: September 2014

Object
Cigarette smoking has been well established as a risk factor in vascular pathology, such as cerebral aneurysms. However, tobacco’s implications for patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are controversial. The object of this study was to identify predictors of AVM obliteration and risk factors for complications.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database for all patients with AVMs treated using surgical excision, staged endovascular embolization (with N-butyl-cyanoacrylate or Onyx), stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife or Linear Accelerator), or a combination thereof between 1994 and 2010. Medical risk factors, such as smoking, abuse of alcohol or intravenous recreational drugs, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary artery disease, were documented. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to detect predictors of periprocedural complications, obliteration, and posttreatment hemorrhage.

Results
Of 774 patients treated at a single tertiary care cerebrovascular center, 35% initially presented with symptomatic hemorrhage and 57.6% achieved complete obliteration according to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or MRI. In a multivariate analysis a negative smoking history (OR 1.9, p = 0.006) was a strong independent predictor of AVM obliteration. Of the patients with obliterated AVMs, 31.9% were smokers, whereas 45% were not (p = 0.05). Multivariate analysis of obliteration, after controlling for AVM size and location (eloquent vs noneloquent tissue), revealed that nonsmokers were more likely (0.082) to have obliterated AVMs through radiosurgery. Smoking was not predictive of treatment complications or posttreatment hemorrhage. Abuse of alcohol or intravenous recreational drugs, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease had no discernible effect on AVM obliteration, periprocedural complications, or posttreatment hemorrhage.

Conclusions
Cerebral AVM patients with a history of smoking are significantly less likely than those without a smoking history to have complete AVM obliteration on follow-up DSA or MRI. Therefore, patients with AVMs should be strongly advised to quit smoking.
Frequency and Temperature Dependent Dielectric Response of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nano-crytallites
Authors: Ansar M. Z. , Atiq S. , Alamgir K. , Nadeem S. 
Published: September 2014

Magnetite nanoparticles have been prepared by using sol-gel auto combustion technique. The samples are prepared by using different concentrations of fuel. Structural characterization has been done using X-Ray diffraction technique and it was observed that fuel concentration can affect the structural properties of Magnetite nanoparticles. The dielectric properties for all the samples such as dielectric constant (??), dielectric tangent loss (tan ?) and dielectric loss factor (??) have been studied as a function of frequency and temperature in the range 10 Hz20 MHz and it was found that these nanoparticles can be used in microwave devices because of their good dielectric behavior. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i3.17938 J. Sci. Res. 6 (3), 399-406 (2014)
Sauvegarde et valorisation du fonds d’archives familiales de Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo à Madagascar
Authors: Ink Laurence 
Published: September 2014

Figure essentielle et encore mal connue de la littérature malgache et internationale, Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo (1903‑1937) fut à la fois poète, journaliste et critique, dramaturge et romancier, historien de sa tradition, collecteur et traducteur de textes anciens comme de textes modernes. L’aventure qui débuta fin 2008 pour aboutir à la publication de ses œuvres complètes (AUF/ITEM, CNRS Éditions, Coll. Planète libre, Paris, 2 tomes, 2010 et 2012) consistait à sauvegarder l’important fonds d’archives familiales (plus de 800 manuscrits, tapuscrits, textes édités ou documents de travail) confié par les ayant droits à l’Institut Français de Madagascar (Antananarivo), par un travail de tri, de numérisation et de mise en conditionnement neutre, in situ, et à le valoriser par l’édition des textes, pour une grande part inédits, dans une approche scientifique à caractère génétique. Expérience novatrice, structurée par une méthodologie devant constamment s’adapter aux exigences géographique, scientifique et éditoriale, elle est également à considérer comme un cas d’école, pour une meilleure approche des fonds d’archives littéraires, aujourd’hui en péril dans bon nombre de pays du Sud.
Le double destin des archives Jean Sénac
Authors: Nacer-Khodja Hamid 
Published: September 2014

Les archives Jean Sénac (1926‑1973) sont constituées de deux fonds : un fonds déposé à la bibliothèque municipale de Marseille et un autre à la Bibliothèque nationale d’Algérie. Le premier fonds regroupe essentiellement les manuscrits de la période de l’écrivain en France (1950‑1952 et 1954‑1962). Le fonds de la Bibliothèque nationale d’Algérie – le plus riche quantitativement – correspond à deux grandes périodes de la vie et de l’œuvre de Sénac en Algérie, soit de 1926 à 1950 et de 1962 à 1973.
Focus génétique sur Les Armes miraculeuses d’Aimé Césaire
Authors: Gil Alex 
Published: September 2014

Que se passerait-il, si l’on tentait de lire la genèse des textes de manière non-téléologique ? Le plus souvent, nous ne comprenons pas (ou ne nous souvenons pas) que le Texte en question n’est qu’une fonction dans une série d’événements textuels, la publication originale n’étant qu’un exemple parmi d’autres. Parmi les projets éditoriaux et littéraires sur lesquels Aimé Césaire a travaillé, entre 1941 et 1946, force est de constater que nombre d’entre eux demeurent invisibles ou méconnaissables, sauf si l’on écarte le problème de l’interprétation téléologique des données bibliographiques, tandis que de nombreux autres sont marqués par un effort soutenu visant à recontextualiser des textes préexistants. À travers cette dispersion textuelle, nous entr’apercevons un ouvrage qui n’a jamais existé et qui pourtant existe, à bien des égards : un long poème, Le Grand Midi, dissimulé par un poème plus court publié dans Les Armes miraculeuses, « Le Grand Midi ». Dans cette étude, nous reconstituons donc la trajectoire de ce texte fantôme et, en passant, sans le privilégier, les champs textuels dont serait issu le premier livre des poèmes de Césaire.
Quand les écrivains canoniques écrivent mal
Authors: Amadieu Jean-Baptiste 
Published: September 2014

Des citations d’auteurs classiques servent d’exemples de fautes au sein de manuels de rhétorique au xixe siècle. Malgré l’autorité de l’Art poétique, des citations de Boileau figurent parmi les contrexemples de tours à éviter, en raison de ses fautes de « goût ». Mais les manuels n’en restent pas à des critiques de goût ; des citations de classiques illustrent également les fautes de grammaire. Face à ces critiques, d’autres manuels discutent le degré de normativité de la grammaire ; les licences que les classiques s’arrogent légitiment la critique du purisme.
Victor-Lévy Beaulieu : une écriture de la fureur ou comment « enquébécoiser » la langue française Étude des manuscrits de La Grande Tribu
Authors: Vien Myriam 
Published: September 2014

Cet article étudie l’évolution de la langue dans La Grande Tribu, le maître ouvrage de l’écrivain québécois Victor-Lévy Beaulieu. Les états génétiques successifs de l’œuvre révèlent une radicalisation de l’expérimentation langagière qui vise non seulement à « enquébécoiser » la langue française, c’est-à-dire à la « dégrader » pour la forger à son image, mais aussi à surpasser cette situation linguistique associée à l’aliénation de la nation canadienne-française par la création d’une langue nouvelle.
Deficiency in 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and 30-Day Mortality in Patients With Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
Authors: Rech Megan A. , Hunsaker Todd , Rodriguez Jennifer 
Published: September 2014

Background
Vitamin D has immunomodulating properties.

Objective
To determine if vitamin D deficiency within 30 days of admission to the intensive care unit in patients with sepsis might be associated with increased all-cause 30-day mortality.

Methods
In a retrospective cohort study at a large, tertiary, urban, academic medical center, records of patients who had 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels measured within 30 days of admission for severe sepsis or septic shock from June 2006 to April 2011 were examined. Patients were considered deficient in vitamin D if its serum concentration was 15 ng/mL or less. The primary outcome of interest was 30-day mortality.

Results
Among the 121 patients in the sample, 65 (54%) were vitamin D deficient. Baseline demographics were similar between vitamin D deficient and nondeficient groups, except that the vitamin D deficient group had more African Americans (P = .01). All-cause 30-day mortality was significantly higher in patients deficient in vitamin D (37% vs 20%; P = .04) and remained higher at 90 days (51% vs 25%, P = .005). In multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI 1.01–1.07; P = .01) and vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.39–18.8; P = .02) were independently associated with increased 30-day mortality.

Conclusion
Patients deficient in vitamin D within 30 days of hospital admission for severe sepsis or septic shock may be at increased risk for all-cause 30-day mortality.
Blockade of IL-6 Trans Signaling Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Le Thanh-Thuy T. , Karmouty-Quintana Harry , Melicoff Ernestina , Le Thanh-Truc T. , Weng Tingting , Chen Ning-Yuan , Pedroza Mesias , Zhou Yang , Davies Jonathan , Philip Kemly , Molina Jose , Luo Fayong , George Anuh T. , Garcia-Morales Luis J. , Bunge Raquel R. , Bruckner Brian A. , Loebe Matthias , Seethamraju Harish , Agarwal Sandeep K. , Blackburn Michael R. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal lung disease with progressive fibrosis and death within 2–3 y of diagnosis. IPF incidence and prevalence rates are increasing annually with few effective treatments available. Inhibition of IL-6 results in the attenuation of pulmonary fibrosis in mice. It is unclear whether this is due to blockade of classical signaling, mediated by membrane-bound IL-6Rα, or trans signaling, mediated by soluble IL-6Rα (sIL-6Rα). Our study assessed the role of sIL-6Rα in IPF. We demonstrated elevations of sIL-6Rα in IPF patients and in mice during the onset and progression of fibrosis. We demonstrated that protease-mediated cleavage from lung macrophages was important in production of sIL-6Rα. In vivo neutralization of sIL-6Rα attenuated pulmonary fibrosis in mice as seen by reductions in myofibroblasts, fibronectin, and collagen in the lung. In vitro activation of IL-6 trans signaling enhanced fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix protein production, effects relevant in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the production of sIL-6Rα from macrophages in the diseased lung contributes to IL-6 trans signaling that in turn influences events crucial in pulmonary fibrosis.
Novel CD8 T Cell Alloreactivities in CCR5-Deficient Recipients of Class II MHC Disparate Kidney Grafts
Authors: Ishii Daisuke , Rosenblum Joshua M. , Nozaki Taiji , Schenk Austin D. , Setoguchi Kiyoshi , Su Charles A. , Gorbacheva Victoria , Baldwin William M. , Valujskikh Anna , Fairchild Robert L. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Recipient CD4 T regulatory cells inhibit the acute T cell–mediated rejection of renal allografts in wild-type mice. The survival of single class II MHC–disparate H-2bm12 renal allografts was tested in B6.CCR5−/− recipients, which have defects in T regulatory cell activities that constrain alloimmune responses. In contrast to wild-type C57BL/6 recipients, B6.CCR5−/− recipients rejected the bm12 renal allografts. However, donor-reactive CD8 T cells rather than CD4 T cells were the primary effector T cells mediating rejection. The CD8 T cells induced to bm12 allografts in CCR5-deficient recipients were reactive to peptides spanning the 3 aa difference in the I-Abm12 versus I-Ab β-chains presented by Kb and Db class I MHC molecules. Allograft-primed CD8 T cells from CCR5-deficient allograft recipients were activated during culture either with proinflammatory cytokine–stimulated wild-type endothelial cells pulsed with the I-Abm12 peptides or with proinflammatory cytokine–simulated bm12 endothelial cells, indicating their presentation of the I-Abm12 β-chain peptide/class I MHC complexes. In addition to induction by bm12 renal allografts, the I-Abm12 β-chain–reactive CD8 T cells were induced in CCR5-deficient, but not wild-type C57BL/6, mice by immunization with the peptides. These results reveal novel alloreactive CD8 T cell specificities in CCR5-deficient recipients of single class II MHC renal allografts that mediate rejection of the allografts.