bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of esophageal atresia among 18 international birth defects surveillance programs
Authors: Nassar Natasha , Leoncini Emanuele , Amar Emmanuelle , Arteaga‐Vázquez Jazmín , Bakker Marian K. , Bower Carol , Canfield Mark A. , Castilla Eduardo E. , Cocchi Guido , Correa Adolfo , Csáky‐Szunyogh Melinda , Feldkamp Marcia L. , Khoshnood Babak , Landau Danielle , Lelong Nathalie , López‐Camelo Jorge S. , Lowry R. Brian , McDonnell Robert , Merlob Paul , Métneki Julia , Morgan Margery , Mutchinick Osvaldo M. , Palmer Miland N. , Rissmann Anke , Siffel Csaba , Sìpek Antonin , Szabova Elena , Tucker David , Mastroiacovo Pierpaolo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The prevalence of esophageal atresia (EA) has been shown to vary across different geographical settings. Investigation of geographical differences may provide an insight into the underlying etiology of EA. METHODS: The study population comprised infants diagnosed with EA during 1998 to 2007 from 18 of the 46 birth defects surveillance programs, members of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research. Total prevalence per 10,000 births for EA was defined as the total number of cases in live births, stillbirths, and elective termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly (ETOPFA) divided by the total number of all births in the population. RESULTS: Among the participating programs, a total of 2943 cases of EA were diagnosed with an average prevalence of 2.44 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.35–2.53) per 10,000 births, ranging between 1.77 and 3.68 per 10,000 births. Of all infants diagnosed with EA, 2761 (93.8%) were live births, 82 (2.8%) stillbirths, 89 (3.0%) ETOPFA, and 11 (0.4%) had unknown outcomes. The majority of cases (2020, 68.6%), had a reported EA with fistula, 749 (25.5%) were without fistula, and 174 (5.9%) were registered with an unspecified code. CONCLUSIONS: On average, EA affected 1 in 4099 births (95% CI, 1 in 3954–4251 births) with prevalence varying across different geographical settings, but relatively consistent over time and comparable between surveillance programs. Findings suggest that differences in the prevalence observed among programs are likely to be attributable to variability in population ethnic compositions or issues in reporting or registration procedures of EA, rather than a real risk occurrence difference. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does the cranial mesenchyme contribute to neural fold elevation during neurulation?
Authors: Zohn Irene E. , Sarkar Anjali A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe central nervous system is derived from the neural plate, which undergoes a series of complex morphogenetic events resulting in formation of the neural tube in a process known as neurulation. The cellular behaviors driving neurulation in the cranial region involve forces generated by the neural tissue itself as well as the surrounding epithelium and mesenchyme. Of interest, the cranial mesenchyme underlying the neural plate undergoes stereotypical rearrangements hypothesized to drive elevation of the neural folds. As the neural folds rise, the hyaluronate‐rich extracellular matrix greatly expands resulting in increased space between individual cranial mesenchyme cells. Based on inhibitor studies, expansion of the extracellular matrix has been implicated in driving neural fold elevation; however, because the surrounding neural and epidermal ectoderm were also affected by inhibitor exposure, these studies are inconclusive. Similarly, treatment of neurulating embryos with teratogenic doses of retinoic acid results in altered organization of the cranial mesenchyme, but alterations in surrounding tissues are also observed. The strongest evidence for a critical role for the cranial mesenchyme in neural fold elevation comes from studies of genes expressed exclusively in the cranial mesenchyme that when mutated result in exencephaly associated with abnormal organization of the cranial mesenchyme. Twist is the best studied of these and is expressed in both the paraxial mesoderm and neural crest derived cranial mesenchyme. In this article, we review the evidence implicating the cranial mesenchyme in providing a driving force for neural fold elevation to evaluate whether there are sufficient data to support this hypothesis. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parkhäuser und Tiefgaragen
Authors: Motzke Gerd 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIm September 2010 ist die 2. Auflage des Merkblatts “Parkhäuser und Tiefgaragen” des Deutschen Beton‐ und Bautechnik‐Vereins E.V. erschienen. Dieses Merkblatt ist in der Kette der DIN 1045‐1:2008‐8 und dem Heft 525 des Deutschen Ausschusses für Stahlbeton zu sehen, das auf der Seite 19 auf das genannte Merkblatt verweist. Das Heft 525 wiederum ist mit der DIN 1045‐1:2008‐8 insofern verknüpft, als die Tabelle 3 im Abschnitt 6.3 unter der Überschrift Bewehrungskorrosion, ausgelöst durch Chloride, ausgenommen Meerwasser bei Nennung der Expositionsklasse XD3 in der Fußnote b) auf das Heft 525 des Deutschen Ausschusses für Stahlbeton verweist. Demnach ist das Merkblatt “Parkhäuser und Tiefgaragen” mittels Heft 525 mit der DIN 1045‐1:2008‐8 verbunden. Das wirft die Frage auf, ob das Merkblatt in jeder Hinsicht von besonderer Wertigkeit ist und gleichsam “geadelt” durch das Heft 525 und DIN‐Normen Ausdruck allgemein anerkannter Regeln der Technik ist.Multi‐storey and underground car parks. On the legal validity of the leaflet of the same name of the German Society for Concrete and Construction Technology, September 2010 editionIn September 2010, the 2nd edition of the “Multi‐storey and underground car parks” leaflet was published by the German Society for Concrete and Construction Technology. This leaflet is seen as being within the DIN 1045‐1:2008‐8 series and booklet 525 of the German Committee for Reinforced Concrete, which refers on page 19 to the stated leaflet. Booklet 525 is in turn linked with DIN 1045‐1:2008‐8 inasmuch as Table 3 in Section 6.3 under the heading ”Reinforcement corrosion due to chlorides, excluding seawater”, when quoting exposure class XD3 refers in footnote b) to booklet 525 of the German Committee for Reinforced Concrete. Accordingly, the “Multi‐storey and underground car parks” leaflet is linked by booklet 525 with DIN 1045‐1:2008‐8. This poses the question as to whether the leaflet is of particular value in every respect and is similarly ”ennobled” by booklet 525 and DIN standards as an expression of being the generally acknowledged state‐of‐the‐art.
Quellfähige Acrylatgele – Eine Instandsetzungsalternative für Bewegungsfugen in Verkehrswasserbauwerken?
Authors: Maisner Matthias , Eßer Angelika , Kwenjeu Aristide , Westendarp Andreas , Schnellenbach‐Held Martina 
Published: September 2012

AbstractKönnen quellfähige Acrylatgele möglicherweise eine interessante Alternative für die Instandsetzung von undichten Bewegungsfugen in Wasserbauwerken sein? Im Rahmen eines FuE‐Vorhabens wurden drei handelsübliche Acrylatgele für diesen Anwendungsfall untersucht, für den derzeit noch keine eigenen Regelungen bestehen. Zwei dieser Gele sind laut Herstellerangaben auch für die Instandsetzung von Fugen verwendbar. An den Gelen wurden ausgewählte physikalische Eigenschaften bestimmt. Die Verträglichkeit mit Bauelementen, mit denen die Gele im Fugenbereich Kontakt haben könnten, wurde anhand von Betonmodellen untersucht. Der Fokus der Untersuchungen richtete sich dabei auf etwaige nachteilige Auswirkungen auf Fugenbänder aus PVC und Elastomer sowie auf Einbauteile aus Stahl, inkl. Betonstahlbewehrung. Über die Injektion von Betonbauteilen wurde die Injektionsfähigkeit von Acrylatgelen gegen drückendes Wasser hinterfragt. Außerdem erfolgten Betrachtungen zur Umweltrelevanz derartiger Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen unter Verwendung von Acrylatgelen.Swellable acrylatgels – An alternative maintenance method for expansion joints at navigable waterway constructions?Could swellable acrylatgels offer an interesting application possibility for navigable waterway constructions? Within a research and development project three for other applications commercially used acrylatgels were investigated with respect to this application. The maintenance of expansion joints is currently unregulated. Concerning the manufacturer two gels are applicable for the maintenance of joints. Selected physical properties of the gels were determined. For statements concerning the compatibility with structural elements, which are in contact with the gels within the joint, concrete models were developed and constructed. The focus on the investigations was on the harmful impacts of waterstop types like PVC and Elastomer and of build‐in parts of steel, incl. concrete reinforcement steel. On investigations concerning the injectability of acrylatgels on reinforced concrete the applicability against heavy water pressure was questioned. Furthermore, considerations concerning the ecological relevance of such measures using acrylatgels were carried out.
Der entfesselte Baustoff
Authors: Rinke Mario , Kotnik Toni 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMit der massenhaften Einführung der industriellen Baustoffe Eisen und später Eisenbeton verändert sich das bisherige Verhältnis von Stofflichkeit zu der daraus entwickelten Konstruktionsform. Im Vergleich mit den bis dahin verwendeten Baustoffen leistet der mit dem Eisen kombinierte Beton viel mehr in fast unbeschränkten Formen mit sehr viel weniger konstruktiven Beschränkungen. Dabei müssen aber zunächst in langen Auseinandersetzungen alte typologische Konstruktionskonzeptionen des Formens und Fügens überwunden werden.Im Eisenbeton erreicht die Verlagerung des Hauptaugenmerks des Konstrukteurs vom Fügen hin zum Formen seinen Höhepunkt: der gegossene Baustoff entledigt sich dem Zwang der Fügung und lässt sich fast beliebig formen. Er erreicht im Zusammenspiel der in ihm gezielt angeordneten Trageisen mit der äußeren Bauteilformung eine wesentliche Erweiterung seiner tragstrukturellen und formalen Leistungsfähigkeit. Erstmals kann ein Baustoff die gewünschte Erscheinung und eine tatsächliche Tragwirkung entkoppelt voneinander, aber in sich vereint, zusammenführen.The unbound material. On the reception of the early reinforced concrete and its construction specificityWith the mass introduction of industrial construction materials such as iron and later, reinforced concrete, the existing relationship between materiality and the form which is developed out of it has been changing. Compared with previously used construction materials, the combination of concrete with iron provides much more capability, in almost unlimited forms and with much less structural restrictions. Thereby, however, old typological design concepts of shaping and joining have to first be overcome in lengthy disputes. The shift in the main focus of the designer from joining towards shaping reaches its high point in reinforced concrete: the cast building material disposes of the necessity of binding and can be shaped almost arbitrarily. It attains a substantial expansion of its structural and formal performance in the interaction of the iron specifically arranged to support it and the external formation of the components. For the first time, a building material can unite within itself the desired appearance and an actual structural effect that are decoupled from each other.
Die Bootshausbrücke in Sigmaringen
Authors: Pahl Gerhard , Schmidmeier Michael 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNachfolgend wird über die Planung und Realisierung einer besonderen Fußgängerbrücke über die Donau in Sigmaringen berichtet, bei welcher neben hohen gestalterischen Ansprüchen auch der Grad an Wirtschaftlichkeit sehr wichtig war. Für den Überbau kamen dabei Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbeton‐Fertigteile zum Einsatz, die mit den Pfeilern zu einem semiintegralen, monolithischen Dreifeldträgerrahmen verbunden wurden. Die Sichtbeton‐Oberflächen des Trogquerschnittes wurden durch Sandstrahlen bearbeitet.The Bootshaus Bridge in Sigmaringen – a monolithic semi‐integral pedestrian bridge across the river DanubeThe following report deals with the design and implementation of a special pedestrian and cyclist bridge across the river Danube in Sigmaringen, where not only the high demands on aesthetics but also the degree of efficiency were very important factors. The superstructure consists of precast armoured and prestressed concrete elements, which were connected to the bridge piers forming a semi‐integral, monolithic three‐span frame. The fairfaced concrete surface of the trough cross‐section was treated with sandblasting.
Einfluss des CO2‐Gehaltes, der Nach‐ und Vorbehandlung sowie der Luftfeuchtigkeit auf die Karbonatisierungsgeschwindigkeit von Beton
Authors: Hunkeler Fritz 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDie Karbonatisierung von Beton war Mitte des letzten Jahrhunderts ein stark beachtetes Thema. Die damals entstandenen Schäden durch Bewehrungskorrosion führten zu entsprechenden Anpassungen in den Normen. Wegen den Veränderungen des Zement‐ und Betonmarktes steht die Dauerhaftigkeit von Beton heute erneut im Fokus des Interesses. Dabei geht es darum, die Leistungsfähigkeit von Beton vermehrt mit Prüfungen nachzuweisen. Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich mit der Prüfung des Karbonatisierungswiderstandes von Beton auseinander. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Prüfung mit 4 % CO2 möglich ist und erlaubt, verschiedene Einflüsse zu bewerten. Weiter werden Ergebnisse zum Einfluss der Nach‐ und Vorbehandlung sowie zum Einfluss der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit vorgestellt.Influence of CO2‐content, curing, preconditioning and relative humidity on the carbonation rate of concreteIn the middle of the last century the carbonation of concrete was an important issue. The damages then occurred, caused by the corrosion of the reinforcement, led to corresponding improvements of the standards. Due to changes in the cement and concrete market the durability of concrete is now again in the centre of attention. Thereby the performance of concrete has to be assured increasingly by testing. The present paper deals with the testing of the carbonation resistance of concrete. It is shown that the test with 4 % CO2 is feasible and allows evaluating various factors. Furthermore, results on the influence of curing, preconditioning (pre‐treatment) as well as of the relative humidity are presented.
Flow‐based analysis using microfluidics–chemiluminescence systems
Authors: Al Lawati Haider A. J. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThis review will discuss various approaches and techniques in which analysis using microfluidics–chemiluminescence systems (MF–CL) has been reported. A variety of applications is examined, including environmental, pharmaceutical, biological, food and herbal analysis. Reported uses of CL reagents, sample introduction techniques, sample pretreatment methods, CL signal enhancement and detection systems are discussed. A hydrodynamic pumping system is predominately used for these applications. However, several reports are available in which electro‐osmotic (EO) pumping has been implemented. Various sample pretreatment methods have been used, including liquid–liquid extraction, solid‐phase extraction and molecularly imprinted polymers. A wide range of innovative techniques has been reported for CL signal enhancement. Most of these techniques are based on enhancement of the mixing process in the microfluidics channels, which leads to enhancement of the CL signal. However, other techniques are also reported, such as mirror reaction, liquid core waveguide, on‐line pre‐derivatization and the use of an opaque white chip with a thin transparent seal. Photodetectors are the most commonly used detectors; however, other detection systems have also been used, including integrated electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and organic photodiodes (OPDs). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study on the interaction between 3‐spiro‐piperidones and bovine serum albumin using spectroscopic approaches
Authors: Yu Xianyong , Yao Qing , Tao Hongwen , Yang Ying , Li Lei , Zheng Baishu , Zhu Shizhong 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe interaction between 3‐spiro‐2′‐pyrrolidine‐3′‐spiro‐3″‐piperidine‐2,3″‐dione (PPD) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in aqueous solution was studied using fluorescence and UV–vis spectroscopy. Fluorescence emission data revealed that BSA (1.00 × 10‐5 mol/L) fluorescence was statically quenched by PPD at various concentrations, which implies that a PPD–BSA complex was formed. The binding constant (KA), the number of binding sites (n) and the specific binding site of the PPD with BSA were determined. Energy‐transfer efficiency parameters were determined and the mechanism of the interaction discussed. The thermodynamic parameters, ΔG, ΔH and ΔS, were obtained according to van't Hoff's equation, showing the involvement of hydrophobic forces in these interactions. The effect of PPD acting on the BSA conformation was detected by synchronous fluorescence. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lighting‐Up of the Dye Malachite Green with Mercury(II)–DNA and Its Application for Fluorescence Turn‐Off Detection of Cysteine and Glutathione
Authors: Jia Xiaofang , Li Jing , Wang Erkang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis work describes a novel strategy for the highly sensitive and selective detection of cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) based on the Hg2+–AGRO100–malachite green (MG) complex system. The dye MG, which has a very low quantum yield in aqueous solution by itself, can bind with the thymine‐rich DNA AGRO100 in the presence of Hg2+ ions to generate a striking fluorescence intensity enhancement of 1000‐fold. As sulfur‐containing amino acids, Cys and GSH effectively sequester Hg2+ ions from the Hg2+–AGRO100–MG complex structure to switch the ‘lit‐up’ chemosensor to the ‘off’ state (about a 50‐fold fluorescence intensity decrease), thus providing a facile, but effective, method to probe for Cys/GSH. The fluorescence titration, UV absorption, CD, and Raman spectra provide some insight into the structural and chemical basis for the enhancement effect. The formation of the Hg2+–AGRO100–MG complex significantly affects the electronic structure and conformation of the MG molecule by leading to an extended π system, which is the likely origin of the observed striking fluorescence intensity enhancement. Notably, the proposed sensing platform exhibits exquisite selectivity and sensitivity toward Cys/GSH with limits of detection of 5 nM for Cys and 10 nM for GSH, respectively. Furthermore, the straightforward assay design avoids labeling of the probe, uses only commercially available materials, and still displays comparable sensitivity and excellent selectivity.
Synthesis and Characterization of Alkyl‐Imidazolium‐Based Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas: A Versatile Host for the Immobilization of Perruthenate (RuO4−) in the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Karimi Babak , Elhamifar Dawood , Yari Omolbanin , Khorasani Mojtaba , Vali Hojatollah , Clark James H. , Hunt Andrew J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe preparation and characterization of a set of periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) that contain different fractions of 1,3‐bis(3‐trimethoxysilylpropyl)imidazolium chloride (BTMSPI) groups uniformly distributed in the silica mesoporous framework is described. The mesoporous structure of the materials was characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption–desorption analysis. The presence of propyl imidazolium groups in the silica framework of the materials was also characterized by solid‐state NMR spectroscopy and diffuse‐reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The effect of the BTMSPI concentration in the initial solutions on the structural properties (including morphology) of the final materials was also examined. The total organic content of the PMOs was measured by elemental analysis, whereas their thermal stability was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. Among the described materials, it was found that PMO with 10 % imidazolium content is an effective host for the immobilization of perruthenate through an ion‐exchange protocol. The resulting Ru@PI‐10 was then employed as a recyclable catalyst in the highly efficient aerobic oxidation of various types of alcohols.
Metastable Tetragonal Cu2Se Hyperbranched Structures: Large‐Scale Preparation and Tunable Electrical and Optical Response Regulated by Phase Conversion
Authors: Zhu Jinbao , Li Qiuyang , Bai Liangfei , Sun Yongfu , Zhou Min , Xie Yi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDespite the promising applications of copper selenide nanoparticles, an in‐depth elucidation of the inherent properties of tetragonal Cu2Se (β‐Cu2Se) has not been performed because of the lack of a facile synthesis on the nanoscale and an energy‐intensive strategy is usually employed. In this work, a facile wet‐chemical strategy, employing HCOOH as reducing agent, has been developed to access single‐crystalline metastable β‐Cu2Se hyperbranched architectures for the first time. The process avoids hazardous chemistry and high temperatures, and thus opens up a facile approach to the large‐scale low‐cost preparation of metastable β‐Cu2Se hyperbranched architectures. A possible growth mechanism to explain the formation of the β‐Cu2Se dendritic morphology has been proposed based on time‐dependent shape evolution. Further investigations revealed that the metastable β‐Cu2Se can convert into the thermodynamically more stable cubic α‐Cu2−xSe maintaining the dendritic morphology. An increase in electrical conductivity and a tunable optical response were observed under ambient conditions. This behavior can be explained by the oxidation of the surface of the β‐Cu2Se hyperbranched structures, ultimately leading to solid‐state phase conversion from β‐Cu2Se into superionic conductor α‐Cu1.8Se, which has potential applications in energy‐related devices and sensors.
Does a Photocatalytic Synergy in an Anatase–Rutile TiO2 Composite Thin‐Film Exist?
Authors: Kafizas Andreas , Carmalt Claire J. , Parkin Ivan P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIt has often been suggested that anatase–rutile mixtures/composites synergistically enhance photocatalysis. However, in the case of dense thin‐films containing an intimate mix of both anatase and rutile phases, such an effect has not been observed. In synthesising combinatorial films with graded film thickness and phase, and applying established photocatalytic mapping methods, we were able to assess how dense thin‐films of intimately mixed anatase–rutile mixtures affect photocatalytic performance. We found that no photocatalytic synergy between anatase–rutile composites (29≤rutile %≤83) within such dense thin‐film systems exists. In fact, an increased presence of rutile caused the photocatalytic activity to fall. This was explained by the unfavourable energetics in the multiple electron transfers required between several neighbouring rutile and anatase sites for the photo‐generated electron to reach the material’s surface; encouraging the trapping of electrons within the bulk and increasing the likelihood of charge recombination. The decrease in photocatalytic activity was found to vary linearly with rutile component.