bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inefficient star formation in high Mach number environments
Authors: Hennebelle Patrick , Brucy Noé , Colman Tine 
Published: July 2024

Context. The star formation rate (SFR), the number of stars formed per unit of time, is a fundamental quantity in the evolution of the Universe.Aims. While turbulence is believed to play a crucial role in setting the SFR, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Turbulence promotes star formation by compressing the gas, but also slows it down by stabilizing the gas against gravity. Most widely used analytical models rely on questionable assumptions, including:i) integrating over the density PDF, a one-point statistical description that ignores spatial correlation,ii) selecting self-gravitating gas based on a density threshold that often ignores turbulent dispersion,iii) assuming the freefall time as the timescale for estimating SFR without considering the need to rejuvenate the density PDF,iv) assuming the density probability distribution function (PDF) to be log-normal. This leads to the reliance on fudge factors for rough agreement with simulations. Even more seriously, when a more accurate density PDF is being used, the classical theory predicts a SFR that is essentially 0.Methods. Improving upon the only existing model that incorporates the spatial correlation of the density field, we present a new analytical model that, in a companion paper, is rigorously compared against a large series of numerical simulations. We calculate the time needed to rejuvenate density fluctuations of a given density and spatial scale, revealing that it is generally much longer than the freefall time, rendering the latter inappropriate for use.Results. We make specific predictions regarding the role of the Mach number, ℳ, and the driving scale of turbulence divided by the mean Jeans length. At low to moderate Mach numbers, turbulence does not reduce and may even slightly promote star formation by broadening the PDF. However, at higher Mach numbers, most density fluctuations are stabilized by turbulent dispersion, leading to a steep drop in the SFR as the Mach number increases. A fundamental parameter is the exponent of the power spectrum of the natural logarithm of the density, lnρ, characterizing the spatial distribution of the density field. In the high Mach regime, the SFR strongly depends on it, as lower values imply a paucity of massive, gravitationally unstable clumps.Conclusions. We provide a revised analytical model to calculate the SFR of a system, considering not only the mean density and Mach number but also the spatial distribution of the gas through the power spectrum of lnρ, as well as the injection scale of turbulence. At low Mach numbers, the model predicts a relatively high SFR nearly independent of ℳ, whereas for high Mach, the SFR is a steeply decreasing function of ℳ.
Akzeptanzstudie zur elektronischen Patientenakte: Eine Befragung von
Versicherten und Leistungserbringern
Authors: Konopik Jens , Siebenbürger Maximilian , Schöffski Oliver , Blunck Dominik 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Die elektronische Patientenakte (ePA) steht seit dem 01.
Januar 2021 allen gesetzlich Versicherten zur Verfügung, jedoch bleibt ihre
Nutzung hinter den Erwartungen zurück. Diese Studie verfolgt das Ziel,
Einflussfaktoren auf die Akzeptanz und Nutzung der ePA zu identifizieren.

Methodik Es wurden Versicherte und Leistungserbringer mit Hilfe eines
Fragebogens befragt. Insgesamt wurden 143 Fragebögen in die Analyse aufgenommen
und ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Beide Gruppen kritisieren die geringe
Sichtbarkeit in der Öffentlichkeit und insbesondere Versicherte fühlen sich
nicht ausreichend über die ePA aufgeklärt. Beide Gruppen sehen jedoch einen
Mehrwert in der ePA sowohl persönlich als auch aus gesamtgesellschaftlicher
Perspektive.
Schlussfolgerung Handlungsbedarf besteht insbesondere
hinsichtlich der Sichtbarkeit und Aufmerksamkeit der ePA in der öffentlichen
Wahrnehmung.
Alta tasa de complicaciones posoperatorias en fracturas balísticas de fémur distal
Authors: Arellano Sergio , González-Kusjanovic Nicolás , Anastasiadis Zoy , Guiloff Rodrigo , Edwards Diego , Schmidt-Hebbel Andrés , Vaisman Alex 
Published: July 2024

Resumen
Introducción Las fracturas de fémur están dentro de las lesiones más frecuentes por bala. Sin embargo, las fracturas de fémur distal por bala están escasamente estudiadas en la literatura.
Objetivo Presentar una cohorte de pacientes con fractura de fémur distal por bala tratados quirúrgicamente y analizar sus complicaciones.
Materiales y Métodos Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva, con pacientes operados por fractura de fémur distal por bala, en un hospital público de una zona con población vulnerable, de 2011 a 2015. Se constataron variables demográficas, días desde el ingreso a la cirugía definitiva, tiempo intraoperatorio, tipo de osteosíntesis definitiva, complicaciones y mortalidad al año.
Resultados En total, 39 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión; tenían promedio de edad de 30 (rango: 16–53) años, y 85% eran hombres. El promedio de latencia a osteosíntesis definitiva fue de 9,8 (rango 1–33) días. La tasa global de complicaciones fue de 25,64%, y la tasa de reintervenciones, de 23,08%. La principal complicación fue la infección (12,82%). No hubo factores estadísticamente significativos asociados a complicaciones. No hubo fallecidos al año de seguimiento.
Conclusión Los pacientes con fracturas de fémur distal por bala presentan una alta tasa de complicaciones, especialmente de infecciones, con una alta tasa de reintervenciones.
Nivel de evidencia: IV, estudio retrospectivo
Internet usage, access, and supervision among Ghanaian children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kyei-Arthur Frank , Kyei-Gyamfi Sylvester , Sarpong Solomon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChildren’s access to and usage of the Internet has numerous benefits. However, their Internet access and use may pose risks to them, including cyberbullying, grooming, sexting, and exposure to dangerous materials. These risks may be exacerbated by inadequate supervision of children’s online activities. Therefore, this study examined the prevalence of Internet use, Internet access, and Internet use supervision among children aged 8–17 in Ghana. This study used secondary quantitative and qualitative data from the Ministry of Gender, Children, and Social Protection. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used to analyze the quantitative data. In contrast, the qualitative data was analyzed using the constant comparison method with the aid of NVivo software version 10. The results showed that 90.5% of children had ever used the Internet. Smartphones (45.7), café facilities (21.7), and laptops/computers (21.6) were the most popular sources of Internet access. More than half of children (56.7) indicated they received little or no supervision when using their smartphones to access the Internet, which could lead to engagement in fraudulent activities, exposure to violent scenes online, and Internet addiction. The study found that most children had never used the Internet and received little or no supervision when accessing the Internet. It is, therefore, recommended that children need to be educated on the benefits and potential risks of excessive Internet use. Also, parents need to supervise and monitor their children’s Internet usage at home.
Introduction: anti-communism and the transnational transatlantic in the ‘long’ 1960s
Authors: Dubler Agnès , Großmann Johannes 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis introductory essay for a special issue of the Journal for Transatlantic Studies on the transnational dimension of anti-communism in the Cold War provides a brief overview of the historical research on anti-communism to date. It presents anti-communism as a multifaceted phenomenon that should be studied not only as an ideological frame of reference and a political practice, but also as a social movement with an integrative, identity-forming function, and a high degree of mobilization and organization. In line with the contributions to the special issue, this essay argues that in the ‘long’ 1960s, (non-state) anti-communist actors and movements were forced to fundamentally adapt their thinking and actions in the face of Détente and global change. In order to keep anti-communism alive and to counter the policy of Détente, they intensified their transnational cooperation, which increasingly transcended the transatlantic level and took on a global dimension.
Ab initio density response and local field factor of warm dense hydrogen
Authors: Dornheim Tobias , Schwalbe Sebastian , Tolias Panagiotis , Böhme Maximilian P. , Moldabekov Zhandos A. , Vorberger Jan 
Published: July 2024

We present quasi-exact ab initio path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) results for the partial static density responses and local field factors of hydrogen in the warm dense matter regime, from solid density conditions to the strongly compressed case. The full dynamic treatment of electrons and protons on the same footing allows us to rigorously quantify both electronic and ionic exchange–correlation effects in the system, and to compare the results with those of earlier incomplete models such as the archetypal uniform electron gas or electrons in a fixed ion snapshot potential that do not take into account the interplay between the two constituents. The full electronic density response is highly sensitive to electronic localization around the ions, and our results constitute unambiguous predictions for upcoming X-ray Thomson scattering experiments with hydrogen jets and fusion plasmas. All PIMC results are made freely available and can be used directly for a gamut of applications, including inertial confinement fusion calculations and the modeling of dense astrophysical objects. Moreover, they constitute invaluable benchmark data for approximate but computationally less demanding approaches such as density functional theory or PIMC within the fixed-node approximation.
Evaluation of the shadowgraph method for the determination of mutual and thermal diffusivities
Authors: Schmidt Patrick S. , Rausch Michael H. , Wu Wenchang , Fröba Andreas P. 
Published: July 2024

The present work provides a systematic study on the influence of sample properties and experimental conditions on the reliable accessibility of Fick or mutual diffusion coefficients D11 and thermal diffusivities a in binary liquid mixtures using the shadowgraph method. For this, mixtures with varying magnitudes of the Soret coefficient ST and their optical contrast factors were studied at a temperature of 298.15 K and pressures between (0.1 and 0.65) MPa with varying magnitudes and orientations of the applied temperature and concentration gradients ∇T and ∇c. Experimental signals obtained in these investigations were analyzed with respect to the intensities of the signal contributions from non-equilibrium fluctuations (NEFs) in concentration and temperature, and the reliability of the determined D11 and a data was assessed by comparison to literature data. Larger signal intensities from NEFs and, therefore, a more reliable determination of diffusivities were given for sufficiently large magnitudes of ST, the optical contrast factors, and the applied ∇T and ∇c. At very small fluid layer thicknesses L ≤ 0.30 mm, the associated reduction of signal statistics outweighing the expected increase of signal intensities at larger magnitudes of ∇T and ∇c as well as the influence of confinement imposed limitations for the determination of diffusivities in some cases. Furthermore, an influence of the mixture composition on signal intensities from concentration-NEFs was identified, where too small mole fractions of one component can hinder the determination of D11 in mixtures with small magnitudes of the optical contrast factor (∂n/∂c)T,p.
Tracking ultrafast non-adiabatic dissociation dynamics of the deuterated water dication molecule
Authors: Iskandar W. , Rescigno T. N. , Orel A. E. , Larsen K. A. , Severt T. , Streeter Z. L. , Jochim B. , Griffin B. , Call D. , Davis V. , McCurdy C. W. , Lucchese R. R. , Williams J. B. , Ben-Itzhak I. , Slaughter D. S. , Weber T. 
Published: July 2024

We applied reaction microscopy to elucidate fast non-adiabatic dissociation dynamics of deuterated water molecules after direct photo-double ionization at 61 eV with synchrotron radiation. For the very rare D+ + O+ + D breakup channel, the particle momenta, angular, and energy distributions of electrons and ions, measured in coincidence, reveal distinct electronic dication states and their dissociation pathways via spin–orbit coupling and charge transfer at crossings and seams on the potential energy surfaces. Notably, we could distinguish between direct and fast sequential dissociation scenarios. For the latter case, our measurements reveal the geometry and orientation of the deuterated water molecule with respect to the polarization vector that leads to this rare 3-body molecular breakup channel. Aided by multi-reference configuration-interaction calculations, the dissociation dynamics could be traced on the relevant potential energy surfaces and particularly their crossings and seams. This approach also unraveled the ultrafast time scales governing these processes.
Persistent gravitational wave observables: nonlinearities in (non-)geodesic deviation
Authors: Grant Alexander M 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe usual gravitational wave memory effect can be understood as a change in the separation of two initially comoving observers due to a burst of gravitational waves. Over the past few decades, a wide variety of other, ‘persistent’ observables which measure permanent effects on idealized detectors have been introduced, each probing distinct physical effects. These observables can be defined in (regions of) any spacetime where there exists a notion of radiation, such as perturbation theory off of a fixed background, nonlinear plane wave spacetimes, or asymptotically flat spacetimes. Many of the persistent observables defined in the literature have only been considered in asymptotically flat spacetimes, and the perturbative nature of such calculations has occasionally obscured deeper relationships between these observables that hold more generally. The goal of this paper is to show how these more general results arise, and to do so we focus on two observables related to the separation between two, potentially accelerated observers. The first is thecurve deviation, which is a natural generalization of the displacement memory, and also contains what this paper proposes to calldriftmemory (previously called ‘subleading displacement memory’) andballisticmemory. The second is a relative proper time shift that arises between the two observers, either at second order in their initial separation and relative velocity, or in the presence of relative acceleration. The results of this paper are, where appropriate, entirely non-perturbative in the curvature of spacetime, and so could be used beyond leading order in asymptotically flat spacetimes.
Advancements and challenges in strained group-IV-based optoelectronic materials stressed by ion beam treatment
Authors: Masteghin Mateus G , Murdin Benedict N , Duffy Dominic A , Clowes Steven K , Cox David C , Sweeney Stephen J , Webb Roger P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this perspective article, we discuss the application of ion implantation to manipulate strain (by either neutralizing or inducing compressive or tensile states) in suspended thin films. Emphasizing the pressing need for a high-mobility silicon-compatible transistor or a direct bandgap group-IV semiconductor that is compatible with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology, we underscore the distinctive features of different methods of ion beam-induced alteration of material morphology. The article examines the precautions needed during experimental procedures and data analysis and explores routes for potential scalable adoption by the semiconductor industry. Finally, we briefly discuss how this highly controllable strain-inducing technique can facilitate enhanced manipulation of impurity-based spin quantum bits (qubits).
Endless Dirac nodal lines and high mobility in kagome semimetal Ni3In2Se2 : a theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Kumar Pradhan Sanand , Pradhan Sharadnarayan , Mal Priyanath , Rambabu P , Lakhani Archana , Das Bipul , Lingam Chittari Bheema , Turpu G R , Das Pradip 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Kagome-lattice crystal is crucial in quantum materials research, exhibiting unique transport properties due to its rich band structure and the presence of nodal lines and rings. Here, we investigate the electronic transport properties and perform first-principles calculations for Ni3In2Se2 kagome topological semimetal. First-principles calculations of the band structure without the inclusion of spin–orbit coupling (SOC) shows that three bands are crossing the Fermi level (E

F
), indicating the semi-metallic nature. With SOC, the band structure reveals a gap opening of the order of 10 meV. Z
2 index calculations suggest the topologically nontrivial natures (ν
0;

ν

1

ν

2

ν

3

) = (1;111) both without and with SOC. Our detailed calculations also indicate six endless Dirac nodal lines and two nodal rings with a π-Berry phase in the absence of SOC. The temperature-dependent resistivity is dominated by two scattering mechanisms: s-d interband scattering occurs below 50 K, while electron-phonon (e-p) scattering is observed above 50 K. The magnetoresistance (MR) curve aligns with the theory of extended Kohler’s rule, suggesting multiple scattering origins and temperature-dependent carrier densities. A maximum MR of 120% at 2 K and 9 T, with a maximum estimated mobility of approximately 3000 cm2V−1s−1 are observed. Ni3In2Se2 is an electron–hole compensated topological semimetal, as we have carrier density of electron (n

e
) and hole (n

h
) are

n

e

≈

n

h

, estimated from Hall effect data fitted to a two-band model. Consequently, there is an increase in the mobility of electrons and holes, leading to a higher carrier mobility and a comparatively higher MR. The quantum interference effect leading to the two dimensional (2D) weak antilocalization effect (−

σ

x
x

∝

ln

(
B
)

) manifests as the diffusion of nodal line fermions in the 2D poloidal plane and the associated encircling Berry flux of nodal-line fermions.
A fine-tuning prototypical network for few-shot cross-domain fault diagnosis
Authors: Zhong Jianhua , Gu Kairong , Jiang Haifeng , Liang Wei , Zhong Shuncong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
With the continuous development of computer technology, deep learning has been widely used in fault diagnosis and achieved remarkable results. However, in actual production, the problem of insufficient fault samples and the difference in data domains caused by different working conditions seriously limit the improvement of model diagnosis ability. In recent years, meta-learning has attracted widespread attention from scholars as one of the main methods of few-shot learning. It can quickly adapt to new tasks by training on a small number of samples. A fine-tuning prototypical network is proposed on meta-learning methods to address the challenges of fault diagnosis under few-shot and cross-domain. Firstly, the shuffle attention is used to enhance the feature extraction ability of the network and suppress irrelevant features. Then, the support set of the target domain is split into two parts: pseudo support set and pseudo query set, which are used to fine-tune the prototypical network and improve the model generalization. Finally, experiments are conducted on three rotating equipment datasets to verify the method’s effectiveness.
Calculation of the inverse involute function and application to measurement over pins
Authors: Zhou Yixin , Wu Baisheng , Chen Zeyao , Zhong Congwen , Zhong Huixiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Measurement over pins plays a crucial role in ensuring the quality of gear manufacturing, which requires the evolution of the inverse involute function. In this paper, an efficient algorithm for calculating the inverse involute function is proposed. Firstly, the initial approximate solution of the pressure angle near 0 rad is established by using Padé approximation and one step of Schröder iteration. Then, the involute equation is transformed into another form by introducing a variable transformation, and the initial approximate solution of the pressure angle near

π

/

2

rad is constructed by using the same method. A piecewise initial approximate solution over the entire interval of expanded angles is obtained by combining these solutions. Again, the accuracy of the initial approximate solution can be significantly improved by using one step of Schröder iteration. A numerical example of a two-pin measurement is presented to demonstrate the superiority of our method over traditional iterative approaches. The algorithm is highly efficient and accurate, and is a useful tool for designers to accurately calculate gear systems.
An experimental apparatus to study the adsorption of water on proxies for spent nuclear fuel surfaces
Authors: Sasikumar Yadukrishnan , Nuttall William J , Mason Nigel J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper describes the design, construction and testing of an experimental apparatus capable of conducting high temperature adsorption isotherm analyses on large quantities of powder samples inside an ultra-high vacuum chamber. Data is obtained by dosing in fixed amounts of water vapor and measuring precise pressure changes using a high temperature capacitance manometer. The rig is designed to provide insight into the wetting of failed spent nuclear fuel (SNF) under conditions conventionally regarded as ‘dry’. Validation experiments are reported based on powder CeO2 (a non-radioactive surrogate for SNF) at 100 °C. It is planned that this and successor rigs can provide ever more direct experimental evidence to address a key policy–relevant problem.