bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupancy of red‐naped sapsuckers in a coniferous forest: using LiDAR to understand effects of vegetation structure and disturbance
Authors: Holbrook Joseph D. , Vierling Kerri T. , Vierling Lee A. , Hudak Andrew T. , Adam Patrick 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRed‐naped sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus nuchalis) are functionally important because they create sapwells and cavities that other species use for food and nesting. Red‐naped sapsucker ecology within aspen (Populus tremuloides) has been well studied, but relatively little is known about red‐naped sapsuckers in conifer forests. We used light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data to examine occupancy patterns of red‐naped sapsuckers in a conifer‐dominated system. We surveyed for sapsuckers at 162 sites in northern Idaho, USA, during 2009 and 2010. We used occupancy models and an information‐theoretic approach to model sapsucker occupancy as a function of four LiDAR‐based metrics that characterized vegetation structure and tree harvest, and one non‐LiDAR metric that characterized distance to major roads. We evaluated model support across a range of territory sizes using Akaike's information criterion. Top model support was highest at the 4‐ha extent, which suggested that 4 ha was the most relevant scale describing sapsucker occupancy. Sapsuckers were positively associated with variation of canopy height and harvested area, and negatively associated with shrub and large tree density. These results suggest that harvest regimes and structural diversity of vegetation at moderate extents (e.g., 4 ha) largely influence occurrence of red‐naped sapsuckers in conifer forests. Given the current and projected declines of aspen populations, it will be increasingly important to assess habitat relationships, as well as demographic characteristics, of aspen‐associated species such as red‐naped sapsuckers within conifer‐dominated systems to meet future management and conservation goals.
Lightweight and confidential data aggregation in healthcare wireless sensor networks
Authors: Soufiene Ben Othman , Bahattab Abdullah Ali , Trad Abdelbasset , Youssef Habib 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMedical wireless sensor networks (MWSNs) provide efficient solutions to the ubiquitous healthcare systems. Deployment of MWSNs for healthcare monitoring minimizes the need for healthcare professionals and helps the patients and elderly people to safely maintain an independent life. In hospitals, medical data sensors on patients produce an enormous volume of increasingly diverse real‐time data. However, it is still critical to efficiently aggregate the different types of MWSNs data to the central servers. The security of collected and transmitted data from medical sensors is critical, whether inside the network or when stored at central servers. Efficient and secure aggregation of data is thus very essential to ensure integrity of data delivery, as well as the privacy of these data. In this research, we propose a priority‐based compressed data aggregation scheme with integrity preservation to improve the aggregation efficiency of different types of health data. We use compressed sensing as a sampling procedure to reduce the communication overhead and minimize power consumption. Then, the compressed data are encrypted, and integrity is protected by a cryptographic hash algorithm to preserve data integrity. Finally, according to different data priorities, we apply an aggregation function and then send the data for diagnosis. The security analysis focuses on security properties assured by our scheme. Then, we will present experimental results for the evaluation of the proposed system on e‐health sensor platform. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled‐Release System of Small Molecules Triggered by the Photothermal Effect of Polypyrrole
Authors: Zhang Hui , Xiong Linfeng , Liao Xiaojuan , Huang Kun 
Published: November 2015

In this paper, a novel synthesis of polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐modified polypyrrole (PPy) nanomaterials is demonstrated by combining reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and oxidative polymerization. Dye molecules with a heat‐labile linker are used as a model drug and covalently anchored onto the PEGlated PPy nanomaterials via “click chemistry.” The strong absorption of such PPy nanomaterials in the near‐infrared region endows the system excellent photothermal effect, which can be used not only as efficient photothermal agents for photothermal therapy but also good controllers of a drug‐release system by retro D–A reaction.
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Effect of the omega‐3 fatty acid plus vitamin E supplementation on subjective global assessment score, glucose metabolism, and lipid concentrations in chronic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Asemi Zatollah , Soleimani Alireza , Bahmani Fereshteh , Shakeri Hossein , Mazroii Navid , Abedi Fatemeh , Fallah Melika , Mohammadi Ali Akbar , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad 
Published: October 2015

ScopeThis study was conducted to determine the effects of omega‐3 fatty acid plus vitamin E supplementation on subjective global assessment (SGA) score and metabolic profiles in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients.Methods and resultsThis randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted among 120 chronic HD patients. Participants were randomly divided into four groups to receive: (i) 1250 mg/day omega‐3 fatty acid containing 600 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 300 mg docosahexaenoic acid + vitamin E placebo (n = 30), (ii) 400 IU/day vitamin E + omega‐3 fatty acids placebo (n = 30), (iii) 1250 mg omega‐3 fatty acids/day + 400 IU/day vitamin E (n = 30), and (iv) omega‐3 fatty acids placebo + vitamin E placebo (n = 30) for 12 wk. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 12‐wk intervention to measure metabolic profiles. Patients who received combined omega‐3 fatty acids and vitamin E supplements compared with vitamin E, omega‐3 fatty acids, and placebo had significantly decreased SGA score (p < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (p = 0.01), serum insulin levels (p = 0.001), homeostasis model of assessment insulin resistance (p = 0.002), and improved quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (p = 0.006).ConclusionOmega‐3 fatty acids plus vitamin E supplementation for 12 wk among HD patients had beneficial effects on SGA score and metabolic profiles.
Analysis of perfusion MRI in stroke: To deconvolve, or not to deconvolve
Authors: Meijs Midas , Christensen Soren , Lansberg Maarten G. , Albers Gregory W. , Calamante Fernando 
Published: October 2015

PurposeThere is currently controversy regarding the benefits of deconvolution‐based parameters in stroke imaging, with studies suggesting a similar infarct prediction using summary parameters. We investigate here the performance of deconvolution‐based parameters and summary parameters for dynamic‐susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI analysis, with particular emphasis on precision.MethodsNumerical simulations were used to assess the contribution of noise and arterial input function (AIF) variability to measurement precision. A realistic AIF range was defined based on in vivo data from an acute stroke clinical study. The simulated tissue curves were analyzed using two popular singular value decomposition (SVD) based algorithms, as well as using summary parameters.ResultsSVD‐based deconvolution methods were found to considerably reduce the AIF‐dependency, but a residual AIF bias remained on the calculated parameters. Summary parameters, in turn, show a lower sensitivity to noise. The residual AIF‐dependency for deconvolution methods and the large AIF‐sensitivity of summary parameters was greatly reduced when normalizing them relative to normal tissue.ConclusionConsistent with recent studies suggesting high performance of summary parameters in infarct prediction, our results suggest that DSC‐MRI analysis using properly normalized summary parameters may have advantages in terms of lower noise and AIF‐sensitivity as compared to commonly used deconvolution methods. Magn Reson Med 76:1282–1290, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new look at the genetic and environmental coherence of metabolic syndrome components
Authors: Panizzon Matthew S. , Hauger Richard L. , Sailors Megan , Lyons Michael J. , Jacobson Kristen C. , Murray McKenzie Ruth , Rana Brinda , Vasilopoulos Terrie , Vuoksimaa Eero , Xian Hong , Kremen William S. , Franz Carol E. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveMetabolic syndrome, a clustering of risk factors including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, central obesity, and hypertension, increases risk for cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline. The etiology of the risk factors' cohesion remains unclear. How genetic and environmental influences explained co‐occurrence of metabolic syndrome components was examined.MethodsContinuous measures of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure (BP), fasting insulin and glucose, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglycerides from 1,193 middle‐aged twin men participating in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging at average age 62 (range 56‐67) were analyzed using multivariate biometrical modeling.ResultsFour heritable factors were found: adiposity (BMI, waist circumference), insulin resistance (glucose, insulin), lipids (HDL, triglycerides), and BP (systolic, diastolic). Heritabilities were 0.42‐0.68. In the best‐fitting model, insulin resistance, lipids, and adiposity comprised a higher‐order latent genetic factor. Adiposity and BP shared genetic influences independent of the latent genetic factor. All factors aggregated on a latent unique environmental factor.ConclusionsMetabolic syndrome components form the equivalent of two genetic factors. BP was genetically unrelated to insulin resistance and lipids. Adiposity was the only characteristic genetically and environmentally related to all other factors. These results inform strategies for gene discovery and prediction of health outcomes.
Effect of Acarbose on Glycemic Variability in Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Stable Background Therapy: A Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Derosa Giuseppe , Franzetti Ivano , Querci Fabrizio , D'Angelo Angela , Maffioli Pamela 
Published: November 2015

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of acarbose on glycemic control and glycemic variability, using a continuous glucose‐monitoring system, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were not well controlled on metformin and vildagliptin therapy.DesignMulticenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study.SettingClinical research units at three hospitals in Italy.PatientsFifty‐three patients with type 2 diabetes who were taking stable dosages of metformin 850 mg 3 times/day and vildagliptin 50 mg twice/day for at least 3 months and who were not adequately controlled with these therapies.InterventionPatients were randomized to either placebo or acarbose 100 mg 3 times/day to be added to their metformin‐vildagliptin regimen.Measurements and Main ResultsGlycemic excursions were assessed by using a continuous glucose‐monitoring system for 1 week. Glycemic control was estimated as the mean blood glucose (MBG) level, the area under the glucose concentration‐time curve for a glucose level above 70 mg/dl (AUC above 70) or 180 mg/dl (AUC above 180), and the percentage of time that the glucose level was above 70 mg/dl (T above 70) or 180 mg/dl (T above 180). Intraday glycemic variability was assessed by the standard deviation of the blood glucose level, the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), the M value, and continuous overlapping net glycemic action. Day‐to‐day glycemic variability was assessed as the mean of daily difference (MODD). The MBG level was ~20 mg/dl lower in the acarbose group than in the placebo group (p<0.05), particularly during the postprandial period. The AUC above 70 did not significantly differ between the two groups, whereas the AUC above 180 was ~40% lower in the acarbose group than in the placebo group during the daytime (p<0.01). The T above 180 was significantly higher in the placebo group than in the acarbose group (31% vs 8%, p<0.01. Moreover, the standard deviation and MAGE values were significantly lower in the acarbose group. The MODD value was not significantly changed in either group, and no significant differences were recorded between groups. All adverse events were mild in both groups, with only a significantly greater frequency of flatulence noted in the acarbose group (5% with acarbose vs 0.5% with placebo, p<0.05).ConclusionThe addition of acarbose to metformin and vildagliptin background therapy in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes decreased intraday glycemic variability, especially postprandial variability, but it was not associated with a significant change in interday glycemic variability.
Höhenmessungen über Luftdruckmessungen
Authors: Burde Jan‐Philipp , Wilhelm Thomas , Kuhn Jochen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMit den kostenfreien Android‐Apps Höhenmesser und Genaue Höhenmesser kostenlos kann über eine Luftdruckmessung die ungefähre Höhe des jeweiligen Standorts mit dem Smartphone schnell und unkompliziert bestimmt werden.
Ein Grundschullehrer mit Nobelpreis
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIm Alter von nur 14 Jahren geht er als Lehreranwärter an eine Grundschule. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt hat er alle Schulausbildungen abgeschlossen, die sein Vater, ein ärmlicher Zimmermann, zu finanzieren imstande ist. Der Besuch einer Universität kommt aus Geldmangel nicht infrage. Seinen Job macht er aber so gut, dass er schon mit 24 Jahren zum Direktor einer Grundschule ernannt wird.
Thioxanthonation of fluorenone: Visible photoinitiator for radical polymerization
Authors: Karaca Nurcan , Balta Demet Karaca , Ocal Nuket , Arsu Nergis 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThioxanthonation of fluorenone resulted in a new visible light initiator namely, indeno [1,2‐b]thioxanthene‐7,13‐dione (TX–FN). The detailed photophysical properties of the singlet and the triplet excited states of TX–FN are reported using steady‐state absorption, fluorescence, and phosphorescence, as well as laser flash photolysis techniques. Photoinitiated polymerization of MMA with TX–FN and CQ has been investigated in the presence and absence of a co‐initiator (MDEA). Additionally, Photo‐DSC studies were performed both in mono‐ and multiacrylate systems with TX–FN and parent compounds TX and FN. The obtained results were compared for formulations consisting of CQ. At low initiator concentrations, the conversions were lower than those obtained with TX–FN. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1012–1019
Cell line modeling to study biomarker panel in prostate cancer
Authors: NickKholgh Bita , Fang Xiaolan , Winters Shira M. , Raina Anvi , Pandya Komal S. , Gyabaah Kenneth , Fino Nora , Balaji K.C. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundAfrican–American men with prostate cancer (PCa) present with higher‐grade and ‐stage tumors compared to Caucasians. While the disparity may result from multiple factors, a biological basis is often strongly suspected. Currently, few well‐characterized experimental model systems are available to study the biological basis of racial disparity in PCa. We report a validated in vitro cell line model system that could be used for the purpose.MethodsWe assembled a PCa cell line model that included currently available African–American PCa cell lines and LNCaP (androgen‐dependent) and C4‐2 (castration‐resistant) Caucasian PCa cells. The utility of the cell lines in studying the biological basis of variance in a malignant phenotype was explored using a multiplex biomarker panel consisting of proteins that have been proven to play a role in the progression of PCa. The panel expression was evaluated by Western blot and RT‐PCR in cell lines and validated in human PCa tissues by RT‐PCR. As proof‐of‐principle to demonstrate the utility of our model in functional studies, we performed MTS viability assays and molecular studies.ResultsThe dysregulation of the multiplex biomarker panel in primary African–American cell line (E006AA) was similar to metastatic Caucasian cell lines, which would suggest that the cell line model could be used to study an inherent aggressive phenotype in African–American men with PCa. We had previously demonstrated that Protein kinase D1 (PKD1) is a novel kinase that is down regulated in advanced prostate cancer. We established the functional relevance by over expressing PKD1, which resulted in decreased proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PCa cells. Moreover, we established the feasibility of studying the expression of the multiplex biomarker panel in archived human PCa tissue from African–Americans and Caucasians as a prelude to future translational studies.ConclusionWe have characterized a novel in vitro cell line model that could be used to study the biological basis of disparity in PCa between African–Americans and Caucasians. Prostate 76:245–258, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of the endophytic nature of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain GYL4 and its efficacy in the control of anthracnose
Authors: Kim Jeong Do , Jeon Byeong Jun , Han Jae Woo , Park Min Young , Kang Sin Ae , Kim Beom Seok 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDEndophytic bacteria are viewed as a potential new source of biofungicides because they have beneficial characteristics as control agents for plant disease. This study was performed to examine the endophytic feature and disease control efficacy of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain GYL4 and to identify the antifungal compounds produced by this strain.RESULTSB. amyloliquefaciens strain GYL4 was isolated from leaf tissue of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.). Anthracnose symptoms were markedly reduced in the leaves of pepper plants colonised by GYL4. An egfp‐expressing strain of GYL4 (GYL4‐egfp) was constructed and reintroduced into pepper plants, which confirmed its ability to colonise the internal tissues of pepper plants. GYL4‐egfp was observed in the root and stem tissues 4 days after treatment and abundantly found in the internal leaf tissue 9 days after treatment. Bacillomycin derivatives purified from the culture extract of GYL4 displayed control efficacy on anthracnose development in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Chunsim).CONCLUSIONThe present study is the first report on evaluation of the endophytic and systemic nature of B. amyloliquefaciens strain GYL4 and its potential as a biocontrol agent for anthracnose management. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Viral O‐GalNAc peptide epitopes: a novel potential target in viral envelope glycoproteins
Authors: Olofsson Sigvard , Blixt Ola , Bergström Tomas , Frank Martin , Wandall Hans H. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryViral envelope glycoproteins are major targets for antibodies that bind to and inactivate viral particles. The capacity of a viral vaccine to induce virus‐neutralizing antibodies is often used as a marker for vaccine efficacy. Yet the number of known neutralization target epitopes is restricted owing to various viral escape mechanisms. We expand the range of possible viral glycoprotein targets, by presenting a previously unknown type of viral glycoprotein epitope based on a short peptide stretch modified with small O‐linked glycans. Besides being immunologically active, these epitopes have a high potential for antigenic variation. Thus, sera from patients infected with EBV develop individual IgG responses addressing the different possible glycopeptide glycoforms of one short peptide backbone that reflect individual variations in the course of virus infection. In contrast, in HSV type 2 meningitis patients, CSF antibodies are focussed to only one single glycoform peptide of a major viral glycoprotein. Thus, dependent on the viral disease, the serological response may be variable or constant with respect to the number of targeted peptide glycoforms. Mapping of these epitopes relies on a novel three‐step procedure that identifies any reactive viral O‐glycosyl peptide epitope with respect to (i) relevant peptide sequence, (ii) the reactive glycoform out of several possible glycopeptide isomers of that peptide sequence, and (iii) possibly tolerated carbohydrate or peptide structural variations at glycosylation sites. In conclusion, the viral O‐glycosyl peptide epitopes may be of relevance for development of subunit vaccines and for improved serodiagnosis of viral diseases. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The evolution and state of interdisciplinary hyporheic research
Authors: Ward Adam S. 
Published: November 2015

Hyporheic zones are of broad interest, given their location at the interface between surface and groundwaters, numerous ecological functions, and location as a zone of interdependent physical, chemical, and biological processes. Hyporheic research has been successful in study of individual processes, but our understanding of coupled, interacting processes in hyporheic zones remains limited. Based on an analysis of publications and citations, interest in the hyporhec zone was catalyzed by ecological functions, and interest has become more balanced across disciplines and functions in recent years. Analysis of publications and field studies spanning 12 identified hyporheic processes demonstrates that studies commonly focus on 1–3 processes limiting our ability to characterize interaction or interdependence of hyporheic processes. Analysis of field studies demonstrate that the most frequently studies scales are second‐ and third‐order streams with longitudinal, lateral, and vertical scales of 10–1000+ m, 1–10, and 0–1 m, respectively. These studies commonly considered variations spanning timescales of storm events to seasons. I identified a total of 86 variables used to characterize hyporheic processes of which the most frequently reported 14 variables represent more than 50% of all variables found in this analysis. Thus, a relatively small suite of variables may hold key information to enable cross‐site comparison of findings. Future hyporheic research should address the challenges of (1) defining common metadata to support interdisciplinary research and cross‐site comparison and (2) quantifying spatial and temporal heterogeneity in hyporheic functions to enable multi‐scale assessment and prediction of hyporheic processes.WIREs Water2016, 3:83–103. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1120This article is categorized under:Science of Water > Methods
Likelihood of a marine vessel accident from wind energy development in the Atlantic
Authors: Copping Andrea , Breithaupt Stephen , Whiting Jonathan , Grear Molly , Tagestad Jerry , Shelton Gregory 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOffshore wind energy development is planned for areas off the Atlantic coast. Many of the planned wind development areas fall within traditional commercial vessel routes. In order to mitigate possible hazards to ships and to wind turbines, it is important to understand the potential for increased risk to commercial shipping from the presence of wind farms. Risk is identified as the likelihood that an occurrence will happen, and the consequences of that occurrence, should it occur. This paper deals with the likelihood of commercial vessel accidents, because of the development of offshore wind energy along the US Atlantic coast. Using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, historical shipping routes between ports in the Atlantic were identified, from Maine to the Florida Straits. The AIS data were also used as inputs to a numerical model that can simulate cargo, tanker and tug/towing vessel movement along typical routes. The model was used to recreate present day vessel movement, as well as to simulate future routing that may be required to avoid wind farms. By comparing the present and future routing of vessels, an analysis of potential maritime accidents was used to determine the increased marginal risk of vessel collisions, groundings and allisions with stationary objects, because of the presence of wind farms. The outcome of the analysis showed little increase in vessel collisions or allisions, and a decrease in groundings as more vessels were forced seaward by the wind farms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.