bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarcopenia is independently associated with poor preoperative physical fitness in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Rai Jason , Pring Edward T. , Knight Katrina , Tilney Henry , Gudgeon Judy , Gudgeon Mark , Taylor Fiona , Gould Laura E. , Wong Joel , Andreani Stefano , Mai Dinh V.C. , Drami Ioanna , Lung Phillip , Athanasiou Thanos , Roxburgh Campbell , Jenkins John T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccurate preoperative risk assessment for major colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery remains challenging. Body composition (BC) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can be used to evaluate risk. The relationship between BC and CPET in patients undergoing curative CRC surgery is unclear.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing CPET prior to CRC surgery between 2010 and 2020 were identified between two different UK hospitals. Body composition phenotypes such as sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and visceral obesity were defined using widely accepted thresholds using preoperative single axial slice CT image at L3 vertebrae. Relationships between clinicopathological, BC, and CPET variables were investigated using linear regression analysis.ResultsTwo hundred eighteen patients with stage I–III CRC were included. The prevalence of sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and visceral obesity was 62%, 33%, and 64%, respectively. The median oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (VO2 at AT) was 12.2 mL/kg/min (IQR 10.6–14.2), and oxygen uptake at peak exercise (VO2 peak) was 18.8 mL/kg/min (IQR 15.4–23). On univariate linear regression analysis, male sex (P < 0.001) was positively associated with VO2 at AT. While ASA grade (P < 0.001) and BMI (P = 0.007) were negatively associated with VO2 at AT, on multivariate linear regression analysis, these variables remained significant (P < 0.05). On univariate linear regression analysis, male sex (P < 0.001) was positively associated with VO2 peak, whereas age (P < 0.001), ASA grade (P < 0.001), BMI (P = 0.003), sarcopenia (P = 0.015), and myosteatosis (P < 0.001) were negatively associated with VO2 peak. On multivariate linear regression analysis age (P < 0.001), ASA grade (P < 0.001), BMI (P < 0.001), and sarcopenia (P = 0.006) were independently and negatively associated with VO2 peak.ConclusionsThe novel finding that sarcopenia is independently associated with reduced VO2 peak performance in CPET supports the supposition that reduced muscle mass relates to poor physical function in CRC patients. Further work should be undertaken to assess whether sarcopenia diagnosed on CT can act as suitable surrogate for CPET to further enhance personalized risk stratification.
Assessment of Global and Regional Lung Compliance in Pulmonary Fibrosis With Hyperpolarized Gas MRI
Authors: Zhang Ming , Li Haidong , Xiao Yi , Li Hongchuang , Liu Xiaoling , Zhao Xiuchao , Zheng Yu , Han Yeqing , Guo Fumin , Sun Xianping , Zhao Jianping , Liu Shiyuan , Zhou Xin 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundLung compliance, a biomarker of pulmonary fibrosis, is generally measured globally. Hyperpolarized 129Xe gas MRI offers the potential to evaluate lung compliance regionally, allowing for visualization of changes in lung compliance associated with fibrosis.PurposeTo assess global and regional lung compliance in a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis using hyperpolarized 129Xe gas MRI.Study TypeProspective.Animal ModelTwenty Sprague–Dawley male rats with bleomycin‐induced fibrosis model (N = 10) and saline‐treated controls (N = 10).Field Strength/Sequence7‐T, fast low‐angle shot (FLASH) sequence.AssessmentLung compliance was determined by fitting lung volumes derived from segmented 129Xe MRI with an iterative selection method, to corresponding airway pressures. Similarly, lung compliance was obtained with computed tomography for cross‐validation. Direction‐dependencies of lung compliance were characterized by regional lung compliance ratios (R) in different directions. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and histological analysis were used to validate the pulmonary fibrosis model and assess its correlation with 129Xe lung compliance.Statistical TestsShapiro–Wilk tests, unpaired and paired t‐tests, Mann–Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests, and Pearson correlation coefficients. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsFor the entire lung, the global and regional lung compliance measured with 129Xe gas MRI showed significant differences between the groups, and correlated with the global lung compliance measured using PFTs (global: r = 0.891; regional: r = 0.873). Additionally, for the control group, significant difference was found in mean regional compliance between areas, eg, 0.37 (0.32, 0.39) × 10−4 mL/cm H2O and 0.47 (0.41, 0.56) × 10−4 mL/cm H2O for apical and basal lung, respectively. The apical‐basal direction R was 1.12 ± 0.09 and 1.35 ± 0.13 for fibrosis and control groups, respectively, indicating a significant difference.Data ConclusionOur findings demonstrate the feasibility of using hyperpolarized gas MRI to assess regional lung compliance.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 1
A novel nutritional approach to infants and children with congenital diarrhea due to homozygous DGAT1 mutations
Authors: Millman Peri , Rimon Ramit M. , Toff Chani , Engvall Martin , Shaoul Ron , Wilschanski Michael , Elyashar Hila , Winter Harland S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesDiacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the final step in triglyceride synthesis. DGAT1 is expressed in human enterocytes and is essential for fat absorption. Homozygous DGAT1 deficiency often presents with severe diarrhea and protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE) in the 1st weeks of life. Because severe restriction of fat intake controls diarrhea and decreases PLE, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was the initial standard therapy in infants and children. We present tertiary center experience managing infants and children with DGAT1 deficiency resulting in the development of a nutritional approach that minimizes the use of TPN.MethodsFrom 2014 to 2020, 12 infants with DGAT1 deficiency were treated. Stool output, growth, and development, as well as essential fatty acid status, were monitored. This retrospective experience formed the basis for treatment recommendations, which include an ultralow fat formula with intermittent peripheral intravenous lipid infusions during the 1st year of life.ResultsAll patients with prolonged intestinal fat exposure had PLE, which resolved when treated with the nutrition protocol. Essential fatty acid status as measured by triene:tetraene ratios normalized in all treated patients. Over time, early genetic diagnosis and prompt initiation of an ultralow fat diet with peripheral intravenous lipid infusions replaced the need for TPN.ConclusionsChildren with DGAT1 deficiency respond to dietary restriction of lipids. Management with a novel nutritional approach provides effective treatment for infants with DGAT1 deficiency, treats diarrhea and PLE, promotes growth and development, avoids TPN dependency, and decreases the potential for essential fatty acid deficiency.
Deep Learning Enabled Transmission of Full‐Stokes Polarization Images Through Complex Media
Authors: Pierangeli Davide , Volpe Giovanni , Conti Claudio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolarization images offer crucial functionalities across multiple scientific domains, providing access to physical information beyond conventional measures such as intensity, phase, and spectrum of light. However, the challenge of transmitting polarization images through complex media has restricted their application in optical communication and imaging. Here, a novel approach utilizing deep learning for the transmission of full‐Stokes polarization images through scattering media is presented. It is demonstrated that any input polarization image can be reconstructed in a single shot by employing only an intensity sensor. By supervised training of a deep neural network, high‐accuracy full‐Stokes reconstruction is achieved from the speckle pattern detected by an intensity camera. Leveraging the deep learning based polarization decoder, a polarization‐colored encoding scheme is devised to enable increased‐capacity data transmission through disordered channels. Fast, wavelength‐independent, on‐chip, polarization imaging in complex media enables the utilization of polarization‐structured light in multimode fibres and opaque materials, unlocking new possibilities in optical communication, cryptography, and quantum technology.
Validation, adaptation and application of a multi‐criteria decision analysis‐based framework for chemotherapeutic agents in Egypt
Authors: Eldeib Hend K. , Abbassi Maggie M. , Sabry Nirmeen A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHealth technology assessment is a systematic, transparent, robust, and unbiased assessment of healthcare technology that links evidence and decisions. Healthcare decisions usually require trading‐off, and using a structured approach, such as multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA), could improve decision quality. This study aimed to adapt an MCDA‐based framework for oncological drug evaluation in an Egyptian clinical setting to explore the perspectives of different stakeholders. The 10th edition of the Evidence and Value: Impact on decision making framework was translated, validated, adapted, and applied to explore key differences between the priorities of different stakeholders for coverage decisions in the oncology field in Egypt. A direct rating scale or hierarchical point allocation was used to elicit criteria weights. Normalized weights were calculated and compared using the preset cut‐off value of 0.008. Understandability, willingness to use the adopted weighting techniques, and cognitive burden were assessed and compared. Ninety participants completed the criteria‐weighting interview for the adapted tool. The elicited criteria weights differed between the two adopted weighting techniques when comparing stakeholders' priorities using the preset cut‐off (0.008). However, there was no significant difference in the weighting technique understandability, future use willingness, and cognitive burden parameters on categorization by either the weighting technique or stakeholder group. This study provides a specially tailored, straightforward procedure for Egyptian stakeholders to evaluate oncologic drugs in a standardized manner by combining various inputs. It also highlights the main variations across Egyptian stakeholder preferences.
Successful treatment with guanfacine in a long‐COVID case manifesting marked cognitive impairment
Authors: Kondo Tsuyoshi , Higa Riki , Kuniba Mariko , Shinzato Hotaka , Takaesu Yoshikazu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPersistent cognitive impairment is a serious consequence of the post‐COVID condition. However, there have been no established effective treatments for this pathophysiology supported by sufficient evidence.Case PresentationA 32‐year‐old woman became aware of difficulty in word recalling, reading, and writing as well as difficulty in completing various household multitasks 3 weeks after the COVID‐19 infection. Although blood tests, magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, and Kohs block design test were all within normal limits, completion time by trail making test (TMT) A or B was markedly delayed. Finally, she was referred to our hospital 3 months after the infection. At baseline, the THINC integrated tool (THINC‐it), a digital battery consisting of the five‐item version of the perceived deficit questionnaire (PDQ‐5), choice reaction time (CRT), 1‐back test, digit symbol substitution test (DSST), and TMT‐B, revealed poor capability in attention, working memory, and executive function. Also, near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) demonstrated no activation in frontal or temporal regions during verbal fluency task. Extended‐release guanfacine (GXR) 2 mg/day was initiated and a month later was elevated up to 4 mg/day as a maintenance dose. The PDQ‐5, CRT, 1‐back test, DSST, and TMT‐B were dramatically improved 1 month after GXR treatment. NIRS finding was also normalized after 2 months of treatment. These effects were successfully maintained throughout the 6‐month follow‐up period.ConclusionGXR may be helpful in improving subjective/objective cognitive functioning and frontotemporal brain activity in long‐COVID patients manifesting apparent cognitive impairment.
Effects of discounting fruits, vegetables, and noncaloric beverages in New York City supermarkets on purchasing, intake, and weight
Authors: Poskute Atene S. , Ang Ian Yi Han , Rahman Nabilah , Geliebter Allan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess purchasing, intake, and weight after discounting fruits and vegetables (F&V) and noncaloric beverages in New York City supermarkets.MethodsA 16‐week randomized controlled trial was conducted with a 4‐week baseline, an 8‐week intervention with 50% discounts on F&V and noncaloric beverages, and a 4‐week follow‐up. Purchasing was tracked via loyalty cards, and intake was tracked via 24‐h dietary recalls. Weights were measured at five in‐person visits.ResultsData from 67 participants were analyzed (38 in the experimental group; 29 in the control group). F&V and noncaloric beverage weekly purchasing was greater in the experimental than the control group (mean difference [SD], $4.64 [$1.44], p < 0.0001; $0.53 [$0.39], p = 0.008) during intervention, with F&V purchasing remaining greater in the experimental versus control group during follow‐up (p = 0.005). F&V intake was greater for the experimental than the control group during intervention (142 [105] g/day; p = 0.009) and follow‐up (p = 0.001). Although no difference in noncaloric beverage consumption was observed between groups, there was lower alcohol intake in the experimental than the control group during follow‐up (−85.8 [60.2] g/day; p = 0.004). The experimental group lost weight compared with the control group (−1.33 [0.92] kg; p = 0.006 intervention and p = 0.106 follow‐up). No differences in nutrient composition or high energy‐dense product consumption were found.ConclusionsA 50% discount on F&V and noncaloric beverages promoted increased purchasing and intake of F&V and induced weight loss.
Acid accumulation is associated with metabolic alterations; higher energy, fat, and protein intake; and energy expenditure
Authors: Treviño‐Alvarez Andrés M. , Cabeza de Baca Tomás , Stinson Emma J. , Gluck Marci E. , Piaggi Paolo , Votruba Susanne B. , Krakoff Jonathan , Chang Douglas C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to study how acid accumulation (lower plasma bicarbonate and higher anion gap [AG] and corrected anion gap [CAG]) correlates with metabolic parameters, food intake, and 24‐h energy expenditure (EE).MethodsAcid accumulation was measured in 286 healthy adults with estimated glomerular filtration rate > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Measurements included body composition by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry scan, ad libitum energy intake by a vending machine paradigm over 3 days, and 24‐h EE in a whole‐room indirect calorimeter.ResultsLower bicarbonate, higher AG, and higher CAG were correlated with higher waist and thigh circumferences, body fat (percentage), fat mass, triglycerides, and lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Acid accumulation markers were correlated with higher total energy (CAG partial r = 0.17; p = 0.02), fat (CAG partial r = 0.17; p = 0.02), protein intake (CAG partial r = 0.20; p = 0.006), and 24‐h EE (CAG partial r = 0.24; p = 0.0007). A mediation analysis of CAG and total energy intake found that 24‐h EE was a partial mediator (40%), but the association remained significant (β = 0.15; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn healthy individuals, acid accumulation was associated with an unfavorable metabolic phenotype; higher 24‐h EE; and increased total energy, fat, and protein intake. Acid accumulation markers, as putative markers of higher dietary acid load (e.g., from protein), may affect energy balance physiology promoting weight gain.
Comparative Performance of ChatGPT 3.5 and GPT4 on Rhinology Standardized Board Examination Questions
Authors: Patel Evan A. , Fleischer Lindsay , Filip Peter , Eggerstedt Michael , Hutz Michael , Michaelides Elias , Batra Pete S. , Tajudeen Bobby A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveAdvances in deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the emergence of large language models (LLM) like ChatGPT from OpenAI. The study aimed to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT 3.5 and GPT4 on Otolaryngology (Rhinology) Standardized Board Examination questions in comparison to Otolaryngology residents.MethodsThis study selected all 127 rhinology standardized questions from www.boardvitals.com, a commonly used study tool by otolaryngology residents preparing for board exams. Ninety‐three text‐based questions were administered to ChatGPT 3.5 and GPT4, and their answers were compared with the average results of the question bank (used primarily by otolaryngology residents). Thirty‐four image‐based questions were provided to GPT4 and underwent the same analysis. Based on the findings of an earlier study, a pass‐fail cutoff was set at the 10th percentile.ResultsOn text‐based questions, ChatGPT 3.5 answered correctly 45.2% of the time (8th percentile) (P = .0001), while GPT4 achieved 86.0% (66th percentile) (P = .001). GPT4 answered image‐based questions correctly 64.7% of the time. Projections suggest that ChatGPT 3.5 might not pass the American Board of Otolaryngology Written Question Exam (ABOto WQE), whereas GPT4 stands a strong chance of passing.DiscussionThe older LLM, ChatGPT 3.5, is unlikely to pass the ABOto WQE. However, the advanced GPT4 model exhibits a much higher likelihood of success. This rapid progression in AI indicates its potential future role in otolaryngology education.Implications for PracticeAs AI technology rapidly advances, it may be that AI‐assisted medical education, diagnosis, and treatment planning become commonplace in the medical and surgical landscape.Level of EvidenceLevel 5.
Seventy five years of public administration teaching and learning in Public Administration and Development: Looking back and looking forward
Authors: Warner Sarah Adele , Brown Prudence Robyn 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThrough a narrative review of 75 years of research in public administration teaching and learning in the journal of Public Administration and Development, this article focusses on the challenges and evolution of approaches for decolonizing countries. These challenges are contextualised within broader debates within the discipline of public administration. Three themes are explored: the assumption of universality of knowledge; appropriate contextualization and the applicability of knowledge; and teaching in and for decolonizing countries. Research interest in this topic has nonetheless declined in recent years, so three areas for future research are suggested: the need to support an empirical agenda which privileges the experiences of managing the tensions between imposed and indigenous systems; the need to support scholars in decolonizing countries to critically reflect on and share their approaches to teaching and learning; and the need to support a research agenda on teaching public administration which embraces more flexible and relational models for public administration and includes diverse ontologies.
Dynamic responses and damage/element composition analysis of thermoplastic polyamide reinforced epoxy composites exposed to HCI environment
Authors: Coskun Taner , Sozen Betul , Sahin Omer Sinan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine how the corrosive environment affected the low‐velocity impact (LVI) characteristics and damage mechanisms of thermoplastic polyamide fiber‐reinforced polymer (PFRP) composites. In this regard, composite specimens were subjected to corrosive environment containing 10 wt.% diluted HCl for one week and one month before LVI tests. To investigate the hostile effects of the corrosive environment on the composites, scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray system (EDX) analyses were carried out, and thus variations in the elemental composition and damage mechanisms for the composites were determined. According to the examinations, it was discovered that the degradation in LVI responses, such as contact stiffness, bending stiffness, and peak force, increased with longer aging time, as expected. Furthermore, when the aging effect was assessed based on absorbed energy, the specimens exposed to a corrosive environment for one month exhibited the highest energy absorption compared to the control and 1‐week‐immersed ones. The degrading effect of the HCI environment appeared as higher damage severity on the composites, which was also detected from the SEM images. According to the SEM analyses, matrix cracks, corrosion pits, and local surface imperfections caused by ion exchange are detected in 1‐week‐immersed specimens, while more serious damage mechanisms such as fiber breakage and fiber pull‐out are noted in specimens exposed to corrosive environment for 1 month. Furthermore, approximately 6.33 wt.% CI was identified in the composites after 1 month of aging, which was associated with the hydrolysis triggered by rise in the composite's damage severity.Highlights
Aging effects in mechanical properties of PFRP composites were investigated
LVI tests were conducted to determine dynamic responses of aged composites
Longer aging time led to more severe damages such fiber rupture, delamination etc.
PFRP composites absorbed at least 68% of impact energy.
Improving interfacial and mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites by chemical grafting modification of poly‐ether‐ether‐ketone microparticles with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zheng Ting , Nan Hongwei , Shang Chunhang , Qiao Yingjie , Wang Xiaodong , Shen Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe research on epoxy resin toughening is of great significance for its application in aerospace, automotive industries, marine vessels, and other fields. Poly‐ether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are ideal candidates for epoxy reinforcement in thermoplastic materials and nanomaterials, respectively. In this study, CNTs were first chemically grafted onto PEEK microparticles using an amidation reaction. These modified hybrid materials were then utilized as fillers in epoxy composites to enhance their strength and toughness. The changes in sample structure, composition, thermal properties, and wettability during the chemical grafting process between CNTs and PEEK were systematically studied. In comparison to pure PEEK, the surface energy of CNTs‐PEEK hybrid materials increased by 11.58% due to CNTs grafting, resulting in improved wettability and enhanced interface bonding between PEEK and the epoxy matrix. Concurrently, the CNTs‐PEEK/epoxy composites exhibited significant enhancements, with the highest tensile strength, tensile elongation at break, flexural strength, and flexural modulus increased by 31.00%, 30.84%, 121.43%, and 23.22%, respectively. The positive reinforcement effect of modified CNTs‐PEEK fillers in epoxy composites and the exploration of CNTs grafting onto PEEK extend the potential applications of epoxy composites.Highlights
CNTs were bonded to PEEK via an amidation reaction by the chemical grafting method.
CNTs‐PEEK have an 11.58% increase in surface energy compared to pure PEEK.
CNTs‐PEEK/epoxy composites showed improved mechanical properties.
The enhancement mechanisms of CNTs‐PEEK/epoxy composites were analyzed.