bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurological disease or intellectual disability among sons of female Swedish dental personnel
Authors: Vähäsarja Niko , Montgomery Scott , Sandborgh-Englund Gunilla , Ekbom Anders , Ekstrand Jan , Näsman Peggy , Naimi-Akbar Aron 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPrenatal exposure to elemental mercury may be a potential hazard for the offspring of female dental personnel working with dental amalgam. The aim of this study was to investigate whether potentialWe used national Swedish registers to investigate risks for diseases potentially related to adverse effects on neurodevelopment. Sons of female dentists (n=1690) and dental nurses (n=10,420) were compared with cohorts consisting of sons of other female healthcare personnel. Due to changes in mercury exposure in dentistry during the study period, analyses were stratified by decade of birth. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models.We found no elevated risk for neurological disease, epilepsy or intellectual disability among the sons of dental personnel during any of the decades studied. HRs for neurological disease among the dental nurse cohort were even below 1.00 during the 1970s and 1980s. A low number of events resulted in uncertainty regarding results in the dentist cohort.We did not find any support for the hypothesis that mercury exposure in Swedish dentistry during the 1960s, 1970s or 1980s had any effect on the incidence of neurological disease or intellectual disability among the sons of female dental personnel. Our results imply that current use of dental amalgam should not represent an elevated risk for neurological disease or intellectual disability among the offspring of dental personnel.
Excimerenfluoreszenz oligomerer Assoziate von 3,4-Benzpyren in wäßrigen Lauryl-Sulfonat-Lösungen
Authors: Reske Günter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
An Lösungen von 3,4-Benzpyren in wäßrigen Na-Laurylsulfonatlösungen wird etwa bei der dop­pelten kritischen Konzentration der Mizellbildung eine langwellige Fluoreszenz beobachtet, deren spektrale Zusammensetzung innerhalb der Toleranz der spektralen Zusammensetzung der Fluoreszenz des festen Kohlenwasserstoffs gleicht.
Wegen der eigenartigen Konzentrationsabhängigkeit wird diese Emission Excimeren zugeschrieben, die sich - in Analogie zum Excimeren-Mechanismus der Festkörperfluoreszenz von 3,4-Benz­ pyren - aus im Grundzustand vorliegenden Assoziaten bilden, die nach der Excimeren-Emission wieder zurückgebildet werden.
Elastische und inelastische Streuung schneller Neutronen am deformierten Kern U -238
Authors: Bühler F. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Die elastische Streuung und inelastische Direktprozesse schneller Neutronen an U-238 werden auf der Grundlage eines deformierten optischen Kernpotentials berechnet. Die Festlegung der Formfaktoren dieses Potentials erfolgt durch Verallgemeinerung des äquivalent lokalen Potentials von PEREY und BUCK1 unter Hinzufügung einer kugelsymmetrischen Spin-Bahn-Kopplung. Der Zielkern wird mit dem Kollektivmodell beschrieben, und das gekoppelte System von Schrödin­ gergleichungen für die radialen Wellenfunktionen mit dem verallgemeinerten äquivalent lokalen Potential integriert. Daneben erfolgt eine Übertragung der von FRAHN2 angegebener Schrödinger­ gleichung in effektiver Massennäherung auf deformierte Zielkerne und eine numerische Lösung dieses Gleichungssystems. Die aus diesen Systemen erhaltenen Wirkungsquerschnitte vergleichen wir mit der DWBA-Methode. Der Einfluß höherer Rotationszustände von U-238 auf die elastische und inelastische Streuung wird betrachtet, der Deformationsparameter aus Coulomb-Anregungs-experimenten abgeschätzt und seine endgültige Größe durch Vergleich der Theorie mit Streu­ experimenten ermittelt.
Zur Theorie des FA-Zentrums
Authors: Wille Hans 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Im Anschluß an verschiedene Arbeiten*** über das F-Zentrum wird ein Modell des verwandten FA-Zentrums entworfen. Es geht von der Vorstellung aus, daß das Fremdion durch einen klassi­schen Polarisationsdipol beschrieben werden kann. Mit diesem Modell kann die Aufspaltung der Absorptionsbanden und der Dichroismus bei der Absorption quantitativ erklärt werden. Ebenfalls erhält man das Zusammenfallen der Emissionsbanden und eine qualitative Erklärung des leichten Dichroismus bei der Emission. Die Anpassung an das Experiment geschieht durch ein Yukawa -ähnliches Potential für die Lücke, das auf das F-Zentrum angewandt auch dort eine Anpassung erlaubt, die unmittelbare physikalische Bedeutung erhält. Durch Ankopplung des FA-Zentrums an Störschwingungen des Gitters gelingt es, die Halbwertsbreiten der Banden und dadurch diese selbst in guter Übereinstimmung mit dem Experiment zu berechnen.
Zur Kinetik der Ionenaustauscher. II. Die Film diffusion bei differentiellen Umbeladungen
Authors: Bunzl K . , Dickel G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Im Konzentrationsbereich der Filmdiffusion wurde an Kunstharzionenaustauschern die Kinetik des Austausches für die Ionenpaare Wasserstoff- Kalium und Lithium -Kalium untersucht. Die theoretischen Betrachtungen mittels der Thermodynamik der irreversiblen Prozesse durch einen ternären Ansatz berücksichtigen sowohl das Diffusionspotential als auch die chemische Reaktion an der Austauscheroberfläche. Es wurden nur differentielle Umbeladungen durchgeführt, da dann Größen, wie der Gleichgewichtskoeffizient oder die Wasseradsorption, als konstant angesehen wer­ den können. Die Theorie erklärt alle experimentellen Ergebnisse quantitativ und die erhaltenen Diffusionskoeffizienten stimmen mit denjenigen, die man bei den entsprechenden ternären Elektrolytmischungen beobachtet, innerhalb der Fehlergrenze überein.
Si-Oberflächensperrschichtzähler in hohen Magnetfeldern bei 4,2 °K
Authors: Deimel P. , Rauch H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A n-type silicon surface barrier detector was examined at 4,2 °K in longitudinal and transversal magnetic fields up to 60 kOe. Particularly in transversal magnetic fields and at low reverse bias a severe deterioration of resolution and an increase of pulse rise times is effected by the altered charge collection. The increased recombination probability results in a considerable loss of charge.
Nullstellenverteilung der großen kanonischen Verteilungsfunktion eines Gittergases in der Bethe-Approximation
Authors: Neumann H . P . 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Es werden allgemeine Gleichungen zur Berechnung der Verteilung der Nullstellen von der großen kanonischen Verteilungsfunktion Ξ (y) eines Gittergases in der komplexen Ebene der Fugazität y in Bethescher Näherung angegeben, die nach einem graphischen Verfahren gelöst werden können. Für das zweidimensionale, quadratische Gitter und das dreidimensionale, kubische Gitter werden die Bestimmungsgleichungen für die Nullstellenverteilung mit Hilfe des graphischen Verfahrens explizit gelöst. Die Nullstellenverteilung von Ξ (y) des eindimensionalen Gittergases wird in ge­schlossener Form angegeben.
Statistical Foundations of Thermodynamics I. Asymptotic Form of the Frequency Functions
Authors: Still E. , Haubold K. , Münster A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
It is shown that, for all conceivable ensembles of statistical thermodynamics, at the thermodynamic limit, the frequency function of the fluctuations of macroscopic extensive parameters equals a Gaussian. The proof is based on a generalisation of Khinchin's method using the concept of "smoothed frequency functions."
Zahl und Auswahl der Lösungen der Kraftkonstantenmatrix unter Verwendung von Isotopenfrequenzen
Authors: Fadini A. 
Published: February 2015

Für die Berechnung der Zahl z der Lösungen der Kraftkonstantenmatrix F sym aus den Schwingungsfrequenzen des Moleküls und aus j Isotopenfrequenzsätzen von j isotopen Molekülen unveränderter Symmetrie erhält man bei gegebener algebraischer Unabhängigkeit des Gleichungssystems der n(n + 1) /2 Gleichungen (u.a. bei Einhaltung der Produktregel) als untere Grenze der Lösungen
z(Fsym, Isot., n = 2 , 4 , 6 , . . . ) = n ! (n - 1 ) ! n/2 mit j = n/2 ,
z(Fsym, Isot., n = 3, 5, 7, .. .) = (n - 1) !3-(n - 2) ! (n-3)/2 mit j= ( n + 1)/2 ,
die für inverse Eigenwertprobleme bis zur Ordnung n = 10 in einer Tabelle zahlenmäßig dargestellt werden. Zur Aussonderung weniger Lösungen oder nur einer Lösung aus der für n≧ 4 praktisch nicht mehr berechenbaren Mannigfaltigkeit werden Auswahlregeln angegeben, die auf der Realität der Kraftkonstanten, der Heranziehung weiterer Isotopendaten, der Zuordnung zu den charakteristischen Frequenzen, einer mathematischen Grenzwertbeziehung, der Bevorzugung kleiner Kopplungsglieder und einer Reduktion des Eigenwertproblems beruhen.
The Dissociation Constants of some Phosphorus(V) Acids
Authors: Peacock C.J. , Nickless G. 
Published: February 2015

The dissociation constants of ortho-, monothio-, monoamido- and diamido-phosphoric acids have been measured at a series of temperatures using a potentiometric titration method involving com­puter fitting of the theoretical titration curve to the experimental one, the constants being used as adjustable parameters. Less accurate values for diamidothio- and tetrathio-phosphoric acids were also obtained.
The results are discussed with respect to the site of protonation. For the monothio acid only the first dissociation (K1) appears to involve the sulphur atom. The monoamido compound may be protonated first on nitrogen (K2). The diamido- and diamidothio-phosphoric acids show a remark­able effect in that, although monoanionic, two p Ka values may be measured, the first protonation (K2) being probably onto nitrogen, the second (K1) involving the oxygen atom more.
On some Properties of the Schrauben Functions in Connection with the Magnetic Operators
Authors: Jannussis A. D. , Tsilimigras P. I. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In this paper we introduce two new "magnetic" operators and we show that these are the creation and annihilation operators of the schrauben functions. The schrauben functions are the eigenfunctions of the Hamilton operator describing a free electron under the action of a uniform magnetic field. By transforming these two operators we obtain two other operators which we show to be of Harpers type, as was expected.
On Non-Ideal Conditions in Plane Source Diffusion Experiments
Authors: Wallin Lars-Erik , Gustafsson Silas E . 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The concentration in bottom layer diffusion experiments with non-ideal initial conditions is ex­ pressed as an infinite series, the first term of which represents the ideal distribution. It is shown that it is always possible to define the zero time in such a way that the approximation of the diffusion process to an ideal one is optimized.
Anwendung der von Straubel modifizierten Millikan-Anordnung zur Messung der Photo- Ionisationsschwellen von Kristallen
Authors: Gerischer H. , Ranke W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
An improved photoelectric method has been developed for determining the ionization potential of crystals. Results are reported for pyrene, perylene, 1,2-benz-anthracene and rhodamin-B.
Die Propagatormethode in der Gitterraumtheorie
Authors: Weidemann Erich G. 
Published: February 2015

Keywords
The Feynman diagrams and rules of a field theory with local four fermion coupling are transformed into a theory of interacting fermions in a finite dimensional Hilbert space constructed on Z3 points of a cubic lattice. The propagator is derived for the lattice space theory and the formal similarity and the qualitative differences are discussed and compared with conventional field theories. The mass produced by the interaction is calculated by compensation of the first order self-energy diagrams (Hartree-Fock-approximation). The solution for coupling constant W > 0 violates the chiral symmetry, the solution for W < 0 the cubic symmetry of the theory. The second order corrections to the mass operator are calculated. They diverge in the limit Z→∞ like

if W is proportional to

which is necessary for a finite mass in the HFapproximation. Under the same assumption the maximum divergence is like

in any order of the perturbation theory. The mass operator is finite including second order contributions if W is proportional to

. In this case the higher order contributions decrease like

.
Non Radiative Electronic Transitions in Ionic Crystals I* Crystal model and calculation of states
Authors: Löffler Alf 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The theory of non radiative electronic transitions is represented in two papers. In the first of these we calculate wavefunctions, energies, matrix-elements etc. In the second we discuss the general reaction mechanism and apply the theory to two examples. The wavefunction of a crystal volume containing one defect is calculated on the base of a microscopic theory. For our numerical discussion we used as an example an anion vacancy in MgO, LiF, NaCI, NaBr, KC1, KBr, KJ. The results are collected in Table 1 and 2. As far as experimental data have been available they agree completely with our results.
Non Radiative Electronic Transitions in Ionic Crystals II* Reaction Formalism and Results
Authors: Löffler Alf 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A general formalism to describe radiationless electronic decay (RED) is developed. Two con­ditions are derived that must be fulfilled to make RED possible. Using the data derived in part I of this paper the general formulae are applied to a F-center in KCl and MgO. In KC1 th e con­ditions for RED are not fulfilled while in MgO RED proves to be more probable th an radiative decay. This is in complete agreem ent w ith experim ental knowledge.
Higher Harmonics Generation in Weakly Ionized Plasmas in Time-Varying Crossed Fields
Authors: Stiller Wolfgang , Vojta Günter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The linearized Boltzmann equation of kinetic theory for the electrons of a weakly ionized plasma under the action of an alternating electric field E = cos ω t {Ex, Ey, Ez} and a circularly polarized magnetic field BR = B {cos ωBt, sin ωbt, 0} is solved. The direction-dependent part f1 (r, v, t) of the distribution function contains especially higher harmonics with frequencies 2 ωB, ω± ωB , ω±2ωB. These overtone frequencies are generated - unlike the higher harmonics obtained by Margenau and Hartman - by a cross drift mechanism and are present even if the isotropic part f0 of the electron distribution function is assumed to be time-independent. The physical meaning of the various contributions to the distribution function f1 is discussed in detail.
Generalized Electron Cyclotron Resonance in Weakly Ionized Time-Varying Magnetoplasmas
Authors: Stiller Wolfgang , Vojta Günter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The electron distribution function is calculated explicitly for a weakly ionized plasma under the action of an alternating electric field E = {0 , 0 , Eoz cos ω t} and a circularly polarized magnetic field BR = Bc{cos ωB t, sin ωB t, 0} rotating perpendicular to the a.c. field. Furthermore, a constant magnetic field B0 = {0, 0, B0} is taken into account. The isotropic part f0 of the electron distribution function which contains, in special cases, well-known standard distributions (distributions of Druyvensteyn, Davydov, Margenau, Allis, Fain, Gurevic) shows a resonance behaviour if the frequencies ω, ωc = (q/m) Bc , ω0 = (q/m) B0 , and ωB satisfy the relation
ω=

This can be understood as a generalized cyclotron resonance phenomenon.
Magnetische Relaxation durch Translationsdiffusion in Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Krüger Gottfried J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The general theory of Torrey for magnetic relaxation by isotropic translational diffusion has been applied to investigations of nuclear and electronic relaxation in liquids. The theory leads to a general correlation time

(d distance of closest approach of interacting spins, <r2> mean square flight path. D diffusion constant).
It could be shown that the theoretical model fits the experimental data obtained in organic solutions of free radicals. The correlation times of dimethoxyethane and toluene exhibit activation energies of 3.0 and 3.1 keal/mole respectively at high temperature. Dimethoxyethane corresponds to the limiting case of the random flight theory where <r2> « d2, whereas Tn toluene <r2> ≈ d2 is obtained.
Quadrupoleffekte der magnetischen Kernresonanz an 11B in Bor-Stickstoffverbindungen
Authors: Wiedemann Klaus , Voitländer Jürgen 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
First and second-order quadrupole effects of the 11B nuclear magnetic resonance have been measured in polycrystalline samples of dimere dimethylaminoboranes and tetramethylboracene. With the theory of powder patterns for first and second-order quadrupole interaction the nuclear quadrupole coupling constants e2 q Q/h and asymmetry parameters η of 11B have been determined. For these measurements boron-free inserts had to be constructed for the probes of the Varian Wide Line Spectrometer DA 60.
Zerstörung der Fernordnung in festem Sauerstoff durch Fremdatome
Authors: Bostanjoglo O. , Goertz C. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The hexagonal lattice constants a, c of β-O2 and Ar/β-O2 mixtures were measured in the range 32 ... 4 °K by electron diffraction. A sharp maximum of c accompanied w ith a sudden decrease of the mean crystal size by more than an order of magnitude at 18 °K was found for im pure β-O2. The transform ation β-O2 → "am orphous" O2 which takes place on electronirradiation of β-O2 below 17 °K may therefore be simply a breaking up of the impure O2-crystals into tiny pure crystals caused by mechanical stress due to built in foreign molecules.
Photoinduzierte Stoßprozesse metastabiler Wasserstoffatome mit H2 im Energiebereich von 0,05 — 0,47 eV
Authors: Comes F. J. , Wenning U. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Molecular hydrogen was excited by selective absorption of ultraviolet radiation of appropriate wavelength into the vibrational levels ν′ 3, 4, and 5 of the electronic D (1IIu)-state. For the radiation bandwidth chosen the molecule was only formed in the rotational levels J = 1 and 2 of the R-branch. The excited molecules decay by predissociation into two hydrogen atoms of translational energy which is equal to one half of the difference between the excitation and dissociation energies. One of the atoms is formed in its first excited state. The formation of the excited species can be proven by its fluorescence (Lymanα-radiation).
As a result the measurements show, that the excited atoms are all in the metastable 2S-state and not in the short-lived 2P -state. Without electric fields these metastable atom s loose their excitation energy in collisions with the surrounding hydrogen molecules. One part (a) follows an induced transition to the electronic ground state by the emission of Lyα-radiation (1216 Å), the other part (b) is transformed to products or undergoes an energy transfer process without emitting Lyα-radiation.
If a quenching field is applied spontaneous emission will compete with collisional deactivation, which allows the deactivation cross sections to be calculated. These cross sections are between 50 and 100 Å2 (a) and about 50 Å2 in case (b). In case (a) the collision cross section increases with the velocity of the particles whereas in case (b) a constant value was found.
Magnetic Susceptibility Studies and Possible Ground State Crystal Field Splitting of Two Organometallic Neptunium(IV) Complexes
Authors: Fischer R. D. , Laubereac P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Extensive paramagnetic susceptibility studies between liquid helium and room temperature have been carried out on polycrystalline samples of the two organometallic Np(IV)-complexes Np(C5H5)4 and (C5H5)3NpCl. From a combined interpretation of the corresponding 1/Xm-vs-T-and μ2
eff-vs-T-curves, respectively, is suggested that, in accordance with the tetrahedral molecular symmetry to be assumed for Xp(C5H5)4, a cubic Τ8 crystal field level should lie lowest in this compound. The zero field splitting is apparentlv smaller th an 5 cm-1.
Die elektrischen Transportgrößen von p-und n-Zn05Cd0,5Sb
Authors: Ahlgrimm H. -J. , Schneider G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Es wurden Mischkristalle der Zusammensetzung Zn0.5Cd0.5Sb durch Zonenschmelzen hergestellt. Die so erhaltenen und durch In-Dotierung n-leitenden Proben erwiesen sich in den elektrischen Eigenschaften als wesentlich stabiler als polykristallines Material, was auf eine Beteili­gung von Korngrenzen bei den n-p-Umwandlungserscheinungen dieser Mischkristalle hindeutet. Nun möglich gewordene Messungen der elektrischen Transportgrößen (elektrische Leitfähigkeit, Hall-Effekt, Thermokraft, transversaler Nernst-Ettingshausen-Effekt) in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur ergaben, daß bei Zimmertemperatur n-leitende Proben bei tiefen Temperaturen p-Leitung zeigen. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert.
Microwave Rotational Spectrum of Indium Monofluoride
Authors: Lovas F. J. , Törring T. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The rotational transitions J = 1 → 2 and 2 → 3 were measured in 115In19F. From these spectra the following molecular parameters have been determined: the Dunham-coefficients Y01, Y11 and Y02, the quadrupole coupling constants, eqQ, in the ν = 0 and v = 1 vibrational states as well as the spin-rotation coupling constant cIn.
Tentatively Standardized Symmetry Coordinates for Vibrations of Polyatomic Molecules Part III. Symmetrical X2Y4 Models, with some Related WX2Y4 and W2X2Y4
Authors: Cyvin B. N. , Cyvin S. J. , Hagen G. , Elvebredd I. , Brünvoll J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A theoretic treatment is given for the planar ethylene-like (D2h) model, the corresponding twisted (right-angled) model (D2d), and the general case of D2 symmetry. The correlations between the various symmetry species which pertain to the molecular vibrations of the considered models are explained. Complete sets of symmetry coordinates are proposed. The G matrix is given for the general D2 model. Also the various types of Coriolis couplings are discussed, including the relationships between Cα elements involving the degenerate a and b species in the twisted (D0) model. Some of the most im portant Cα elements are listed.
Sets of symmetry coordinates are also given for the allene (D2d) and butatriene (D2h) type models.
Fallout aus chinesischen Kernwaffenversuchen
Authors: Fahland J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Short-lived radionuclides have been measured in fallout of Chinese nuclear tests. The measured yield ratios of the nuclides 95Zr, 111Ag, 115Cd, 156Eu, 237U and 239Np have been corrected for fractionation effects and compared to calculated ratios. Free parameters of the calculation such as most frequent neutron energy, time integrated neutron flux, and fission material were ad­justed by means of a least square criterion. For the tests 2, 3, 5 and 7 the most frequent neutron energy was found to be 5 keV. The corresponding Maxwellian neutron fluxes were within 1021 and 1024 n/cm2. In addition, 14-MeV neutron fluxes within 1019 and 1022 n/cm2 had to be assumed. The analysis yields as average of the converted fission material a mixture of 235U and 238U with 7-99% of 235U. - The fractionation of 140Ba in surface bursts corresponded to that in air bursts.
Mathematische Modelle für reaktionskinetische Phänomene
Authors: Heckmann K. , Vollmerhaus W. , Kutschera J. , Vollmerhaus E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The theoretical treatment of a number of stationary kinetic phenomena requires the solution of a system of linear equations. An algorithm is described which enables an algebraic solution to be found by means of a digital computer using probably a minimum length of calculation time. This algorithm is derived mainly from arguments based on the theory of graphs; its essential feature is the use of numerical operations on the indices of the coefficients of the equations. The algorithm is illustrated in terms of a special model of the membrane.