bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed Conduction in Ceramic Hydrogen/Steam Electrodes by Hebb–Wagner Polarization in the Frequency Domain
Authors: Ahn P.‐A. , Shin E.‐C. , Jo J.‐M. , Yu J.‐H. , Woo S.‐K. , Lee J.‐S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe unique mixed conduction aspect has much to be explored for ceramic fuel/steam electrodes suggested for higher chemical stability than cermets in SOFC/SOEC applications. Typical symmetric cell configuration of the thin ceramic electrodes on the electrolytes was shown to be a versatile configuration of the electron‐blocking Hebb–Wagner polarization cell for the characterization of the mass and charge transport in mixed conducting oxides by impedance spectroscopy. The Jamnik–Maier transmission line model for the mixed conductors was generalized by replacing the capacitors with constant‐phase elements to describe the extremely non‐ideal impedance behavior of porous but negligibly catalytic La2Ti2O7 layers at various humidity levels up to 90% in hydrogen at 850 °C. Modeling allowed the deconvolution of the parameter set for the evaluation of chemical diffusivity and non‐stoichiometry as well as partial ionic and electronic conductivity of La2Ti2O7. Electrostatic double layer capacitance was found to be orders of magnitude higher than the theoretical despite the correct oxygen activity dependence, which appears generic and thus requires a theoretical clarification. Overlapping interfacial and chemical capacitance as well as the strongly non‐ideal behavior of the latter are mainly responsible for the less clearly distinguished diffusion‐limited feature of the Hebb–Wagner polarization cell.
Pd‐RuSe/C as ORR Specific Catalyst in Alkaline Solution Containing Methanol
Authors: Maheswari S. , Sridhar P. , Pitchumani S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCarbon supported RuSe (RuSe/C) catalyst in varying atomic ratios of Ru to Se, namely, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 were prepared and their performances were compared with carbon supported Ru (Ru/C). Based on the performance, Palladium was incorporated into as prepared RuSe(2:1)/C and heat treated HTRuSe(2:1)/C. Ru/C, RuSe/C, and Pd‐RuSe/C were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The XRD analyses of Ru/C, RuSe/C and Pd‐HTRuSe/C show the formation of the hcp structure of Ru particles and the mean particle size was obtained from Ru(101) peak. The electrochemical characterizations of Ru/C, RuSe/C, Pd‐HTRuSe(2:1)/C and Pd‐RuSe(2:1)/C were conducted by cyclic voltammetry. Linear Sweep Voltammetric studies showed that incorporation of Pd in HTRu‐Se(2:1)/C resulted in better catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction with resistance to methanol oxidation. The quantity of hydrogen peroxide produced was obtained from rotating ring disk electrode studies.
Structural design measures for a 93 m high concrete‐faced rockfill dam (CFRD) to cope with difficult geological conditions / Planung und Errichtung eines 93 m hohen Steinschüttdamms unter schwierigen geologischen Bedingungen
Authors: Verdianz Markus , Özbeck Zafer Koray , Linortner Johannes , Jung Gerald 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe 93 m high concrete‐faced rockfill dam (CFRD) is one of the main components of the Kavsak Bendi hydro‐electric scheme located in the south‐eastern part of Turkey. After re‐assessing the geological conditions at the dam site, it was necessary to change the dam design from the roller compacted concrete (RCC) gravity dam originally planned to a CFRD. Due to the very poor geological conditions, the application of internationally established design criteria for a CFRD foundation in the case of Kavsak Bendi CFRD necessitates extensive improvement of the dam foundation zone. Special emphasis has been placed on the strict geometric boundary conditions for the revision of the dam design as the river diversion facilities and the power waterway have already been completely constructed. At the moment, the main dam excavation works will soon be completed and the treatment of the dam foundation zone is almost finished. This paper presents the status quo with respect to the design and application of measures which have been considered to overcome the challenging foundation conditions of the Kavsak Bendi CFRD.Ein 93 m hoher Steinschüttdamm mit Betonoberflächendichtung (CFRD) ist eines der Hauptelemente der im Südosten der Türkei gelegenen Wasserkraftanlage Kavsak Bendi. Nach einer Neubewertung der geologischen Verhältnisse an der Dammstelle wurde eine Änderung des Dammtyps gegenüber dem ursprünglich geplanten Walzbetondamm (RCC‐Damm) zu einem CFR‐Damm erforderlich. Aufgrund sehr schlechter geologischer Verhältnisse ist die Anwendbarkeit weltweit anerkannter Konstruktions‐ und Auslegungskriterien für ein CFRD‐Fundament im Fall des Kavsak Bendi CFRD mit umfangreichen Verbesserungsmaßnahmen im Bereich der Dammaufstandsfläche verbunden. Besonderes Augenmerk für die Überarbeitung der Dammplanung galt dabei den vorgegebenen geometrischen Randbedingungen, da die Bauumleitung und der Triebwasserstollen bereits fertig gestellt waren. Derzeit befinden sich die Aushubarbeiten für den Steinschüttdamm in der Endphase, und die Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Aufstandsfläche sind nahezu fertiggestellt. Dieser Bericht stellt den Status quo hinsichtlich Planung und Ausführung der Maßnahmen vor, die im Zusammenhang mit der Implementierung entworfen bzw. umgesetzt wurden, um die schwierigen geologischen Bedingungen bautechnisch zu beherrschen.
Strengthening treatment and analysis for the left bank abutment of Jin Ping Arch Dam
Authors: Li Ning , Yao Xiancun , Qu Xing , Zhang Chengke , Zhang Zhiqiang , Zhou Zhong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe Jin Ping arch dam foundation exhibits large differences in the stiffness between left and right bank due to a fault in the valley and unloading, relaxation and rock crushing effects in the left abutment. An extremely complex engineering problem appears by achieving mechanical balance for the dam body. To reinforce the left dam foundation concrete pads refilling faults, huge concrete piles and consolidation grouting together with grout and drainage curtains are investigated and executed. The numerical results show that these reinforcement measures for the excavated dam foundation improved significantly the rock mass deformability and its stability.A suitable excavation sequence for reinforcement tunnels and caverns is studied and the stability of these tunnels is analysed. The influence of consolidation grouting on the slope stability is investigated by varying spacing and number of active grouting holes. During the construction of the reinforcement tunnels the vibrations induced by blasting are simulated and measured. For different distances between tunnels and slope to tunnels respectively, the maximum quantity of explosives for single drives is studied.
Renewal of the pressure shaft and surge tank of the Kaunertal power station / Der Neubau des Kraftabstiegs und des Wasserschlosses für das Kaunertalkraftwerk
Authors: Bonapace Paul 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe Kaunertal power station has been in operation since 1965. During one of the regular inspections of the facility, it was noticed that the entire pressure shaft and surge tank must be completely renewed due to the long years of wear and tear. The renewal is necessary as a result of the heavy hydraulic loading from power station peak operation and due to the fact that parts of the pressure shaft were constructed in a then unknown landslip and have since been subjected to additional loading from creep movement of the rock mass. The route of the new pressure shaft will run below the identified landslip with a sufficient safety factor, further south than the existing pressure shaft. The implementation of the project with its heart, the steel lined pressure shaft approx. 1, 430 m long with a diameter of 4.3 m, to be constructed inside a PC segmental lining installed with the progress of the double‐shield TBM, will take place in 2012 to 2015.Das Kaunertalkraftwerk ist seit 1965 in Betrieb. Im Zuge regelmäßig durchgeführter Anlagenüberprüfungen wurde festgestellt, dass der gesamte Kraftabstieg (Druckschacht und Wasserschloss) infolge seiner langjährigen Beanspruchung umfassend erneuert werden muss. Der Erneuerungsbedarf ist einerseits auf die starke hydraulische Belastung im Rahmen des Spitzenkraftwerksbetriebs zurückzuführen, andererseits auf den Umstand, dass der Druckschacht seinerzeit auf Teilstrecken in einer lokalen, beim Bau nicht erkannten Massenbewegung errichtet wurde und seitdem einer zusätzlichen Beanspruchung aus Kriechbewegungen des Untergrunds ausgesetzt ist. Die Trasse des neuen Druckschachts wird mit ausreichendem Sicherheitsabstand nun unterhalb der identifizierten Massenbewegung und weiter südlich als der bestehende Druckschacht geführt. Die Realisierung des Projekts mit seinem Herzstück, dem gepanzerten ca. 1.430 m langen Druckschacht mit 4,3 m Durchmesser, der innerhalb einer mit Doppelschild‐TBM hergestellten Tübbingvorauskleidung errichtet wird, erfolgt in den Jahren 2012 bis 2015.
Clinical heterogeneity of de novo 11q deletion chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: prognostic relevance of extent of 11q deleted nuclei inside leukemic clone
Authors: Marasca Roberto , Maffei Rossana , Martinelli Silvia , Fiorcari Stefania , Bulgarelli Jenny , Debbia Giulia , Rossi Davide , Rossi Francesca Maria , Rigolin Gian Matteo , Martinelli Sara , Gattei Valter , Del Poeta Giovanni , Laurenti Luca , Forconi Francesco , Montillo Marco , Gaidano Gianluca , Luppi Mario 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDeletion on the long arm of chromosome 11 occurs in 5–20% of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients. We analysed clinical–biological characteristics of 131 CLL patients carrying 11q deletion documented before therapy (de novo 11q deleted CLL). De novo 11q deleted CLL were characterized by high frequencies of unmutated immunoglobulin variable heavy genes, multiple fluorescence in situ hybridization aberrations and lymph node involvement. Factors significantly associated with shorter time to first treatment (TTFT) were advanced Binet stages, high white blood cell count, increased β2‐microglobulin levels, 17p in addition, splenomegaly and more extensive lymphadenopathy. We found that patients with <25% 11q deleted nuclei (n = 22) experienced longer TTFT compared with patients with ≥25% 11q deleted nuclei (n = 87; median TTFT, 40 vs. 14 months, p = 0.011) and also showed better response to treatments (complete response, 50% vs. 21%, p = 0.016). The variables identified by multivariate analysis as independently associated with reduced TTFT were advanced Binet stages [hazard ratio (HR) 4.69; p < 0.001] and ≥25% 11q deleted nuclei (HR 4.73; p = 0.004). De novo 11q deleted CLLs exhibit variable clinical outcome. The percentage of deleted nuclei inside leukemic clone should be included in the prognostic definition of therapy‐naïve 11q deleted CLL patients.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of a clinically effective and non‐effective dose of lorazepam on 7.5% CO2‐induced anxiety
Authors: Diaper Alison , Papadopoulos Andreas , Rich Ann S. , Dawson Gerry R. , Dourish Colin T. , Nutt David J. , Bailey Jayne E. 
Published: October 2012

Symptoms of anxiety induced by 7.5% CO2 inhalation can be attenuated by acute administration of GABAA receptor anxiolytics such as lorazepam and alprazolam. This study investigated if these effects are dose‐related, by comparing a 0.5 mg dose (considered non‐clinically effective) and a 2 mg dose of lorazepam (clinically effective) on 7.5% CO2 inhalation.Eighteen healthy males (mean age 20.6 years, SD 1.29), judged physically and mentally fit, attended three visits, each one week apart, to take each treatment in a randomised double‐blind crossover design. Drugs were given 60 min prior to 20 min air inhalation, followed by 20 min 7.5% CO2 inhalation. The order of gas presentation was single blind. Subjective ratings using visual analogue scales (VAS) and questionnaires were recorded before and after each inhalation. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR) and expired CO2 were recorded during each inhalation.Inhalation of 7.5% CO2 significantly raised BP, HR, RR and expired CO2. Ratings of feeling like leaving the room were significantly lower on 2 mg compared with 0.5 mg and placebo, and dose‐dependent trends were seen in scores for VAS fearful, anxious, stressed, tense, and worried. Results may be indicative of dose‐dependent effects of lorazepam in a CO2 model of anxiety. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A process‐based approach to characterizing the effect of acute alprazolam challenge on visual paired associate learning and memory in healthy older adults
Authors: Pietrzak Robert H. , Scott James Cobb , Harel Brian T. , Lim Yen Ying , Snyder Peter J. , Maruff Paul 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveAlprazolam is a benzodiazepine that, when administered acutely, results in impairments in several aspects of cognition, including attention, learning, and memory. However, the profile (i.e., component processes) that underlie alprazolam‐related decrements in visual paired associate learning has not been fully explored.MethodsIn this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized cross‐over study of healthy older adults, we used a novel, “process‐based” computerized measure of visual paired associate learning to examine the effect of a single, acute 1‐mg dose of alprazolam on component processes of visual paired associate learning and memory.ResultsAcute alprazolam challenge was associated with a large magnitude reduction in visual paired associate learning and memory performance (d = 1.05). Process‐based analyses revealed significant increases in distractor, exploratory, between‐search, and within‐search error types. Analyses of percentages of each error type suggested that, relative to placebo, alprazolam challenge resulted in a decrease in the percentage of exploratory errors and an increase in the percentage of distractor errors, both of which reflect memory processes.ConclusionsResults of this study suggest that acute alprazolam challenge decreases visual paired associate learning and memory performance by reducing the strength of the association between pattern and location, which may reflect a general breakdown in memory consolidation, with less evidence of reductions in executive processes (e.g., working memory) that facilitate visual paired associate learning and memory. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin, gamma‐glutamyl transferase, and mean corpuscular volume levels and alcohol‐related brain volume decreases in male drinkers
Authors: de Bruin Eveline A. , Lemmens Paul H. H. H. M. , Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E. , Verbaten Marinus N. , Kenemans Johannes Leon 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveWe investigated the association between mean corpuscular volume (MCV), carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin (CDT), and gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels and gray and white brain matter in male drinkers to find out which if any of these biomarkers of alcohol consumption is indicative for alcohol‐related differences in brain volume.MethodPlasma levels of CDT, GGT, and MCV and magnetic resonance imaging‐determined brain gray and white matter volumes were assessed in 55 male drinkers. Current alcohol intake and lifetime alcohol intake were determined by self‐report measures. The relationship between MCV, CDT, and GGT and brain volumes was explored using multiple linear regression analyses.ResultsThere was a significant negative relationship between plasma GGT and MCV levels and gray matter volumes. Middle‐aged male drinkers with highly elevated GGT and MCV levels (twice the standard deviation above the mean) have 4–12% less parietal and occipital gray matter than males with average GGT and MCV levels. There was no association between CDT levels and brain gray or white matter.ConclusionsElevated GGT and MCV levels may be indicative of alcohol‐related gray‐matter decline in male drinkers. The link with GGT may reflect that elevated GGT levels are a sign of increased oxidative stress. The link with MCV levels may reflect a decreased oxygen transport to the brain. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliability of a new scale for essential tremor
Authors: Elble Rodger , Comella Cynthia , Fahn Stanley , Hallett Mark , Jankovic Joseph , Juncos Jorge L. , LeWitt Peter , Lyons Kelly , Ondo William , Pahwa Rajesh , Sethi Kapil , Stover Natividad , Tarsy Daniel , Testa Claudia , Tintner Ron , Watts Ray , Zesiewicz Theresa 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground:The objective of this study was to determine the reliability of a new scale for the clinical assessment of essential tremor. The Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale contains 9 performance items that rate action tremor in the head, face, voice, limbs, and trunk from 0 to 4 in half‐point intervals. Head and limb tremor ratings are defined by specific amplitude ranges in centimeters.Methods:Videos of 44 patients and 6 controls were rated by 10 specialists on 2 occasions 1–2 months apart. Inter‐ and intrarater reliability was assessed with a 2‐way random‐effects intraclass correlation, using an absolute agreement definition.Results:Inter‐ and intrarater intraclass correlations for head and upper‐limb tremor ranged from 0.86 to 0.96, and intraclass correlations for total score were 0.94 and 0.96. The intraclass correlations for voice, face, trunk, and leg were less robust.Conclusions:This scale is an exceptionally reliable tool for the clinical assessment of essential tremor. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Optimal topology design of continuum structures with stress concentration alleviation via level set method
Authors: Zhang Wei Sheng , Guo Xu , Wang Michael Yu , Wei Peng 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYAlthough the phenomenon of stress concentration is of paramount importance to engineers when they are designing load‐carrying structures, stiffness is often used as the solely concerned objective or constraint functional in the studies of optimal topology design of continuum structures. Sometimes this will lead to optimal designs with severe stress concentrations that may be highly responsible for the fracture, creep, and fatigue of structures. The aim of the present work is to develop some effective numerical techniques for designing stiff structures with less stress concentrations. This is achieved by introducing some specific stress measures, which are sensitive to the existence of high local stresses, in the problem formulation and resolving the corresponding optimization problem numerically in a level set framework. Our study indicates that with use of the proposed numerical schemes, some intrinsic difficulties in stress‐related topology optimization of continuum structures can be overcome in a natural way. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SPATIAL VARIATION OF STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL INDICATORS IN A LARGE NEW ZEALAND RIVER
Authors: Collier K. J. , Clapcott J. E. , Duggan I. C. , Hamilton D. P. , Hamer M. , Young R. G. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe ecological responses of large rivers to human pressure can be assessed at multiple scales using a variety of indicators, but little is known about how the responses of ecological indicators vary over small spatial scales. We sampled phytoplankton, zooplankton and macroinvertebrates and measured river metabolism and cotton strip breakdown rates (loss in tensile strength) in contrasting habitats along a 21‐km urban‐industrial reach on a constrained section of the Waikato River, New Zealand's longest river. Rates of gross primary production (2.8–7.8 g O2/m2/d) and ecosystem respiration (3.5–12.7 g O2/m2/d) did not differ consistently between near‐shore (2–3 m from river side) and far‐shore (ca. 10 m from side) locations, urban and industrial reaches or between autumn and spring sampling occasions. Rates of cotton decay (−k) ranged from 0.014 to 0.112 per day and were typically faster at far‐shore locations and in the section of river receiving industrial inputs, but slower in spring compared with autumn. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis of phytoplankton and zooplankton data did not reveal spatial patterns relating to pressure or location (embayment, edge, mid‐river). However, the macroinvertebrate ordination suggested distinct communities for the mid‐river benthos compared with near‐shore communities and a distinction between sites in the urban reach and the industrial reach. Our results suggest that large‐river macroinvertebrate communities and cotton decay rates can be influenced to varying degrees by reach‐scale pressures and local habitat conditions. Monitoring designs in spatially complex rivers should account for habitat heterogeneity that can lead to differences in structural and functional indicator responses. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Approach to Solve Complex Nano EHS Problems by the UC Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology
Authors: Xia Tian , Malasarn Davin , Lin Sijie , Ji Zhaoxia , Zhang Haiyuan , Miller Robert J. , Keller Arturo A. , Nisbet Roger M. , Harthorn Barbara H. , Godwin Hilary A. , Lenihan Hunter S. , Liu Rong , Gardea‐Torresdey Jorge , Cohen Yoram , Mädler Lutz , Holden Patricia A. , Zink Jeffrey I. , Nel Andre E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractUC CEIN was established with funding from the US National Science Foundation and the US Environmental Protection Agency in 2008 with the mission to study the impact of nanotechnology on the environment, including the identification of hazard and exposure scenarios that take into consideration the unique physicochemical properties of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Since its inception, the Center has made great progress in assembling a multidisciplinary team to develop the scientific underpinnings, research, knowledge acquisition, education and outreach that is required for assessing the safe implementation of nanotechnology in the environment. In this essay, the development of the infrastructure, protocols, and decision‐making tools that are required to effectively integrate complementary scientific disciplines allowing knowledge gathering in a complex study area that goes beyond the traditional safety and risk assessment protocols of the 20th century is outlined. UC CEIN's streamlined approach, premised on predictive hazard and exposure assessment methods, high‐throughput discovery platforms and environmental decision‐making tools that consider a wide range of nano/bio interfaces in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, demonstrates the implementation of a 21st‐century approach to the safe implementation of nanotechnology in the environment.