bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constipation: an overlooked, unmanaged symptom of patients with pheochromocytoma and sympathetic paraganglioma
Authors: Thosani Sonali , Ayala-Ramirez Montserrat , Román-González Alejandro , Zhou Shouhao , Thosani Nirav , Bisanz Annette , Jimenez Camilo 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivePheochromocytomas (PHs) and sympathetic paragangliomas (PGs) are tumors that produce catecholamines, predisposing patients to cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal effects such as constipation. Objectives: i) determine the prevalence of constipation, its risk factors, and its impact on survival; ii) identify whether a systematic combination of fiber, water, and laxatives was effective for treatment of constipation.Design and methodsWe retrospectively studied 396 patients with PH/PG diagnosed in 2005–2014. The study population was patients with constipation as a presenting symptom; the control group was patients without constipation as a presenting symptom. The MD Anderson Symptom Inventory was used to assess constipation and quality of life.ResultsTwenty-three patients (6%) had constipation. Constipation was associated with headaches, palpitations, diaphoresis, weight loss, and excessive noradrenaline production (P<0.0001). Eighteen of these patients had non-metastatic primary tumors larger than 5 cm and/or extensive metastases. No statistically significant differences in age, sex, and genotype were noted between the study and control groups. In patients without metastases, resection of the primary tumor led to symptom disappearance. A systematic combination of fiber, water, and laxatives was associated with symptom improvement. Two patients who presented unmanaged constipation died because of sepsis from toxic megacolon.ConclusionsConstipation is a rare and potentially lethal complication in patients with PH/PGs. Severe constipation can be prevented by recognizing and treating mild symptoms.
Geographies of Indigenous Leaders: Landscapes and Mindscapes in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Marker Michael 
Published: June 2015

This essay features three stories of “place-based” leadership in two Indigenous communities in the Pacific Northwest. Author Michael Marker weaves together stories from Nisga'a Elders in the Nass Valley of British Columbia, Coast Salish Elders in Washington State, and his own experiences as a researcher, teacher educator, and community participant to connect the personal, the political, and the historical themes of Indigenous education. Marker identifies two salient concepts through the developing narrative: first, leaders from an Indigenous consciousness must invigorate traditional spiritual foundations, and, second, they must mobilize knowledge of the land and people—corroded by colonization—toward cultural renewal. Bringing to light the conflicts between local community yearnings and Western institutional goals when engaging in cross-cultural collaborations, this essay puts forth a decolonized approach to educational leadership, one that requires cultural renewal and respect for how a people experience landscape, history, and identity.ErratumPublisher's Note: Due to an editing error, the original published version of “Geographies of Indigenous Leaders: Landscapes and Mindscapes in the Pacific Northwest” by Michael Marker misstated the present status of the Lummi Day School. The earlier version stated on page 230 that “This school is currently a U.S. government institution that serves students from kindergarten through eighth grade.” The sentence has been corrected to read: “This school was a U.S. government institution that served students from kindergarten through eighth grade.”Updated: 2015-09-30
Efficacy of Benzocaine 20% Topical Anesthetic Compared to Placebo Prior to Administration of Local Anesthesia in the Oral Cavity: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: de Freiras Guilherme Camponogara , Pozzobon Roselaine Terezinha , Blaya Diego Segatto , Moreira Carlos Heitor 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of a topical anesthetic to a placebo on pain perception during administration of local anesthesia in 2 regions of the oral cavity. A split-mouth, double-blind, randomized clinical trial design was used. Thirty-eight subjects, ages 18–50 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II, received 4 anesthetic injections each in regions corresponding to the posterior superior alveolar nerve (PSA) and greater palatine nerve (GPN), totaling 152 sites analyzed. The side of the mouth where the topical anesthetic (benzocaine 20%) or the placebo was to be applied was chosen by a flip of a coin. The needle used was 27G, and the anesthetic used for administration of local anesthesia was 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. After receiving the administration of local anesthesia, each patient reported pain perception on a visual analog scale (VAS) of 100-mm length. The results showed that the topical anesthetic and the placebo had similar effects: there was no statistically significant VAS difference between the PSA and the GPN pain ratings. A higher value on the VAS for the anesthesia of the GPN, relative to the PSA, was observed for both groups. Regarding gender, male patients had higher values on the VAS compared with female patients, but these differences were not meaningful. The topical anesthetic and the placebo had similar effects on pain perception for injection of local anesthesia for the PSA and GPN.
Airway Assessment for Office Sedation/Anesthesia
Authors: Rosenberg Morton B. , Phero James C. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Whenever a patient is about to receive sedation or general anesthesia, no matter what the technique, the preoperative assessment of the airway is one of the most important steps in ensuring patient safety and positive outcomes. This article, Part III in the series on airway management, is directed at the ambulatory office practice and focuses on predicting the success of advanced airway rescue techniques.
Endoscopic transnasal approach for resection of locally aggressive tumors in the orbit
Authors: Shin Masahiro , Kondo Kenji , Hanakita Shunya , Suzukawa Keigo , Kin Taichi , Shojima Masaaki , Nakagawa Daichi , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: June 2015

OBJECT
In recent years, application of endoscopic transnasal surgery (ETS) has been expanded to orbital lesions, and preliminary results have started to be published for medially located soft mass lesions. However, reports on experience with endoscopic intraorbital surgery aimed at resection of invasive skull base tumors remains quite limited. This report presents the authors’ experience with ETS for locally aggressive tumors involving the orbit.

METHODS
ETS was performed for 15 cases of aggressive tumors involving the orbit: 5 meningiomas (meningothelial, n = 3; atypical, n = 1; anaplastic, n = 1), 4 chordomas, 2 chondrosarcomas, and 4 others (metastasis from systemic myxofibrosarcoma, schwannoma, inverted papilloma, and acinic cell carcinoma, n = 1 each). Among these, 9 tumors were located outside the periorbita and 6 inside the periorbita. In 6 intraperiosteal tumors, 5 were intraconal lesions, of which 3 arose in the muscle cone (anaplastic meningioma, optic sheath meningioma, and metastatic myxofibrosarcoma), and 2 meningothelial meningioma had invaded from the sphenoid ridge or the cavernous sinus into the muscle cone through the optic canal and the superior orbital fissure. A case of schwannoma originated around the cavernous sinus and pterygopalatine fossa and extended extraconally into the periorbita. Intraoperatively, ethmoid air cells and the lamina papyracea were removed, and extraperiosteal tumors were safely approached. For intraperiosteal tumors, the periorbita was widely opened, and the tumors were approached through the surgical window between the rectus and oblique muscles.

RESULTS
Gross-total resection was achieved for 12 of the 15 tumors, including 2 intraconal lesions. After surgery, exophthalmos resolved in all 8 patients with this symptom, and diplopia resolved in 5 of 6 patients. Improvement of visual symptoms was reported by 4 of 5 patients with loss of visual acuity or constriction of the visual field. Postoperatively, 1 patient showed mild, transient worsening of existing facial dysesthesia, and another showed transient ptosis and mild hypesthesia of the forehead on the affected side. All those symptoms resolved within 3 months. No patients showed enophthalmos, worsening of diplopia or visual function, or impairment of olfaction after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
ETS appears acceptable as a less-invasive alternative for treating aggressive tumors involving the orbit. For extraperiosteal tumors, gross-total removal can generally be achieved without neurological complications. For intraperiosteal tumors, surgical indications should be carefully discussed, considering the relationship between the tumor and normal anatomy. Wide opening of the periorbital window is advocated to create a sufficient surgical pathway between the extraocular muscles, allowing a balance between functional preservation and successful tumor resection.
Cerebellar cavernous malformation in pediatric patients: defining clinical, neuroimaging, and therapeutic characteristics
Authors: Knerlich-Lukoschus Friederike , Steinbok Paul , Dunham Christopher , Cochrane David Douglas 
Published: June 2015

OBJECT
Cerebellar cavernous malformations (CCMs) have not been specifically described in the pediatric age group. Authors of this study, after considering the published literature, describe the characteristic clinical, radiological, and surgical features of CCM in children.

METHOSDS
Patients younger than 18 years of age who were known to have CCM and had undergone surgery between 1992 and 2014 at the authors’ institution were reviewed. Pediatric CCM cases reported in the literature (case reports and cases included in series on CMs in the pediatric age group) were also analyzed for specific features of this entity.

RESULTS
Four male patients and 1 female patient (2.5–14 years of age) with CCM presented acutely with severe headache followed by cerebellar dysfunction. In all patients, neuroimaging (cranial CT and MRI) demonstrated hemorrhagic cerebellar lesions with heterogeneous T1 and T2 signal intensities and hyperintense blooming on susceptibility-weighted imaging. The lesions reached large sizes exhibiting spherical, cystic, and often “pseudotumoral” morphology. In 3 patients, developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) were found. In 4 of the 5 patients, the CCMs and hematomas were totally removed. All patients had a clinically excellent functional outcome without surgical complication and with complete resolution of their presenting symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS
Cerebellar CMs occur in all pediatric age groups and display characteristic clinical and imaging features. In children, CCMs reach large sizes and can result in massive hemorrhage, often leading to a possible diagnosis of hemorrhage into a tumor. An associated DVA is quite common. Surgery is a safe and efficient treatment option with excellent outcomes in patients.
Improvement of Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.) Soil Properties by Growing Different Green Crops
Authors: Saha Ashim Kumar , Biswas Apu , Khan Abdul Qayyum , Farazi Md. Mohashin , Rahman Md. Habibur 
Published: June 2015

Long-term tea cultivation has led to degradation of the soil. Old tea soils require rehabilitation for restoring soil health. Soil rehabilitation by growing different green crops can break the chain of monoculture of tea. An experiment was conducted at The Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI) Farm during 2008-2011 to find out the efficiency of different green crops on the improvement of soil properties. Four green crops such as Guatemala, Citronella, Mimosa and Calopogonium were grown to develop the nutritional value of the degraded tea soil. Soil samples were collected and analyzed before and at the end of experiment. Soil pH was increased in all four green crops treated plots with the highest increase in Citronella treated plots (from 4.1 to 4.5). Highest content of organic carbon (1.19%) and total nitrogen (0.119%) were found in Mimosa and Calopogonium treated plots, respectively. Concentration of available phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in all green crops treated plots were above the critical values, while available potassium content was above the critical value in Guatemala, Citronella and Mimosa treated plots. Changes in soil pH and available potassium were significant, while changes in organic carbon content, total nitrogen and available calcium were insignificant. Changes in available phosphorus and magnesium were significant. The Agriculturists 2014; 12(2) 34-38
Att bedöma lärarstudenters yrkesskicklighet
Authors: Johansson Margreth , Palla Marta 
Published: June 2015

Jag var inte nervös när jag höll lektionen men nu är jag lite nervös, eftersom jag aldrig har ansvarat för ett trepartssamtal, det har alltid läraren från högskolan gjort. Jag har i varje fall skrivit en agenda och jag vill gärna börja med att prata om både planeringen och undervisningen. Därefter vill jag diskutera utifrån kursens lärandemål och min professionella roll. Jag har tagit med mig planeringsmatrisen och VFU-omdömet. Jag kommer att prata om vad jag har lärt mig och vilka nyvunna insikter som jag fått under denna sista VFU-period. Ja, mina nyvunna insikter har faktiskt förändrats under resans gång. Jag tänker mer på eleverna och deras lärande i stället för min egen ledarroll. Idag känner jag mig betydelsefull som lärare.
Denna artikel handlar om bedömning av lärarstudenters yrkesskicklighet under den verksamhetsförlagda delen av utbildningen, VFU. Enligt Hegender (2007) är bedömningskriterier ett ”mischmasch” av teori och praktik. Om så är fallet finns det anledning att fundera över, vilka aspekter av yrkesskicklighet man kan få syn på och vilka stödstrukturer som kan användas vid bedömning. Ovanstående citat är ett exempel på hur lärarstudenter i slutfasen av utbildningen kan inleda ett trepartssamtal. Trepartssamtal är en av fyra stödstrukturer, som vi har utformat och prövat. Vår bedömningsmatris (figur 3) består av stödstrukturer som är avgränsade och beskrivna bedömningskriterier. Artikeln avser att svara på frågan: Vad bedömningsmatrisen ifråga kan bidra med vid pedagogisk bedömning av studenters yrkesskicklighet. Tre utvecklingsprojekt genomfördes under år 2009-2012 i samarbete med handledare och lärarutbildare från högskolan samt blivande förskolelärare, fritidspedagoger, grund- och gymnasielärare. De blivande lärarna/pedagogerna var i slutfasen av utbildningen, där det allmänna utbildningsområdet, AU3, behandlas. Utvecklingsprojekten har delvis finansierats av LärandeResursCentrum, LRC, Högskolan Kristianstad.
Échanges internationaux :
Authors: Le Merrer Pascal 
Published: June 2015

Dans le programme des Journées de l’économie 2014, deux conférences portaient sur la question des échanges internationaux aujourd’hui. L’une était axée sur ce que l’on peut appeler une nouvelle étape dans la mondialisation, l’autre traitait des négociations sur les accords commerciaux régionaux (TTIP – TPP) 1 . Notre réflexion aura pour point de départ la première conférence qui s’intitulait : « Après la mondialisation... 2 ». Depuis David Ricardo et sa théorie des avantages comparatifs, l’analyse économique n’a cessé d’étudier les effets attendus de la division internationale du travail. Que peut-on dire sur la situation actuelle à la lumière des faits et des travaux récents ?
Comment étudier l’influence des stéréotypes de genre et de race sur la perception de la parole ?
Authors: Arnold Aron , Candea Maria 
Published: June 2015

Cette étude interroge les méthodes expérimentales traditionnellement utilisées en phonétique pour étudier la perception des attitudes/émotions par la voix. Nous avons voulu étudier l’effet des stéréotypes de genre et de race sur la perception, à travers un protocole basé sur les techniques d’ amorçage et du locuteur masqué . Nous avons ainsi testé l’approbation de phrases évaluatives appariées à de courts extraits sonores par deux groupes indépendants de 55 personnes chacun. Chaque phrase contenait un prénom féminin ou masculin, français ou maghrébin pour amorcer les catégories identitaires « femme », « homme », « Français de souche », « d’origine arabe ». Les résultats obtenus ne sont pas toujours conformes à ceux des études antérieures menées surtout aux États-Unis et laissent penser que les réactions des auditrices/eurs face aux stéréotypes de genre sont moins réfléchies que les réactions face aux stéréotypes raciaux. Les conclusions incitent à mieux prendre en compte l’interaction entre chercheurs et enquêtés lors d’expériences perceptives, et à interpréter avec plus de prudence les résultats produits par des méthodes expérimentales purement quantitatives.
Nos voisins sont tellement humains
Authors: Herreria Michel 
Published: June 2015

Variations graphiques sur quelques scènes de voisinage. Dessins de Michel Herreria pour la résidence de Script au Molière-Scène d’Aquitaine à Bordeaux : « Les arts mitoyens dans le voisinage du théâtre » (novembre 2014). Sur une proposition de Jean-Paul Rathier.
Mariage et société des individus : le mariage pour personne
Authors: Messu Michel 
Published: June 2015

Cet article revient sur les événements du printemps 2013 qui avaient vu s’affronter tenants et adversaires du prétendu « mariage pour tous ». Il se propose de clarifier les arguments mobilisés par les uns et les autres au regard de ce que les sciences sociales ont pu établir quant à la manière de comprendre ce que « faire famille » signifie. Il souligne ainsi le poids de l’imaginaire social dans cette signification, singulièrement de notre imaginaire social christianisé. Il entend aussi situer les débats qui ont entouré l’adoption de la loi dite « mariage pour tous » dans le contexte de sociétés qui ont promu l’enfant et l’individu singulier au rang de « personne » dont la socialisation admet une autonomie principielle. Partant, il suggère, en procédant au désempilement du « sexe-genre-personne », qu’on se prononce en faveur d’un « mariage pour personne ».
Femoral Head Stress Fracture: An Unknown Complication Following Sugioka’s Transtrochanteric Rotational Osteotomy
Authors: Chotai Pranit , Shon Won Yong , Suh Dong Hun , Han Seung Beom 
Published: June 2015

Sugioka’s transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy, as a treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, has variable success rates. Its known complications include: progressive varus deformity, femoral neck fracture, and femoral head collapse. However, femoral head stress fracture has not been described as a complication of Sugioka’s transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy. This article presents cases of 2 of 64 patients who underwent Sugioka’s transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy between 1994 and 2006 and experienced femoral head stress fractures. Both patients were young and active. They presented with acute inability to bear weight and pain on the operated hip after mountain climbing 1 and a half to 3 years following the index surgery. Diagnosis of femoral head stress fracture was established by the presence of an inferolaterally-directed vertical fracture line from the superolateral aspect of the femoral head on computed tomography scans for both patients. One patient was successfully managed with conservative measures, whereas the other underwent total hip replacement after failed conservative treatment.
We hypothesize that the direction alteration of the trabecular system due to proximal femoral segment rotation, varus positioning of the proximal femur, and inadequate placement of the screw into the necrotic femoral head may have caused the femoral head stress fractures after transtrochanteric rotational osteotomies. Stress fracture of the femoral head is a potential complication following Sugioka’s transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head, which may be prevented by avoiding heavy exercises such as mountain climbing, until adequate remodeling of the trabecular system is gained and screws can be inserted into the femoral head subchondral bone as deeply as possible with avoidance of the necrotic area.
Intratendinous Tophaceous Gout Imitating Patellar Tendonitis in an Athletic Man
Authors: Gililland Jeremy M. , Webber Nicholas P. , Jones Kevin B. , Randall R. Lor , Aoki Stephen K. 
Published: June 2015

Patellar tendon-related pain is common in the athletic patient. When it occurs in skeletally mature patients participating in running, jumping, or kicking sports, the diagnosis of jumper’s knee patellar tendonitis is usually made. If patellar tendon pain is associated with a mass, the differential diagnosis should be broadened to include crystalline arthropathy.
This article presents a case of a highly athletic 45-year-old man with a history of gout, anterior knee pain, and an enlarging mass in the region of the patellar tendon. Conservative management failed, and an excisional biopsy found it to be an intra-tendinous gouty tophus. To our knowledge, only 1 report exists documenting a patellar tendon mass secondary to gout, and no case report exists documenting this problem in an athlete. The interplay between athletics and gout has not been well described. Despite the long-term protective nature of fitness, transient elevations in uric acid associated with athletic endeavors may contribute acutely to manifestations of gout in some athletes. Resultant intra- or extra-articular pathology may present as, and easily be mistaken for, a sports-related injury. Without appropriate medical management, tophaceous deposition may continue to occur and treatment of the resultant mass may require surgical intervention.
Intermediate and Near Visual Acuity of an Aspheric, Bifocal, Diffractive Multifocal Intraocular Lens With +3.25 D Near Addition
Authors: Kretz Florian T. A. , Koss Michael J. , Auffarth Gerd U. ,   for the ZLB00 Study Group
Published: June 2015

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the clinical outcomes after cataract surgery with implantation of a new diffractive multifocal intraocular lens with a lower near addition.

METHODS:
A prospective multicenter clinical study including 44 eyes of 44 patients (age range: 43 to 82 years) that underwent cataract surgery with implantation of the Tecnis ZLB00 multifocal intraocular lens (Abbott Medical Optics, Santa Ana, CA). Changes in uncorrected and corrected distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity, and manifest refraction were evaluated during a 3-month follow-up. Additionally, patients were asked about photic phenomena and spectacle dependence.

RESULTS:
Postoperative spherical equivalent was within 0.50 and ±1.00 diopters of emmetropia in 91.2% and 100% of eyes, respectively. Postoperative monocular uncorrected distance, near, and intermediate visual acuities were 0.10 logMAR (20/25 Snellen) or better in 82.5%, 86.5%, and 68.8% of eyes, respectively. All eyes achieved monocular corrected distance and near visual acuity of 0.10 logMAR (20/25 Snellen) or better. All patients reported to be satisfied with the outcomes of the surgery. Only 6 patients (13.6%) required the use of spectacles for some daily activities postoperatively, and 8 patients (18.2%) reported mild perception of halos.

CONCLUSIONS:
The introduction of low addition multifocal intraocular lenses follows a trend to increase intermediate visual acuity. Still, a near addition of +3.25 diopters reached satisfying near results and led to high patient satisfaction.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(5):295–299.]