bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliable Operation in High‐Mobility Indium Oxide Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Ghediya Prashant R. , Magari Yusaku , Sadahira Hikaru , Endo Takashi , Furuta Mamoru , Zhang Yuqiao , Matsuo Yasutaka , Ohta Hiromichi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTransparent oxide semiconductors (TOSs) based thin‐film transistors (TFTs) that exhibit higher field effect mobility (µFE) are highly required toward the realization of next‐generation displays. Among numerous types of TOS‐TFTs, In2O3‐based TFTs are the front‐running candidate because they exhibit the highest µFE ≈100 cm2 V−1 s−1. However, the device operation of In2O3 TFTs is unreliable; a large voltage shift occurs especially when negative gate bias is applied due to adsorption/desorption of gas molecules. Although passivation of the TFTs is used to overcome such instability, previously proposed passivation materials do not improve the reliability. Here, it is shown that the In2O3 TFTs passivated with Y2O3 and Er2O3 films are highly reliable and do not show threshold voltage shifts when applying gate bias. Positive and negative gate bias is applied to the In2O3 TFTs passivated with various insulating oxides and found that only the In2O3 TFTs passivated with Y2O3 and Er2O3 films do not exhibit threshold voltage shifts. It is observed that only the Y2O3 grew heteroepitaxially on the In2O3 crystal. This is the origin of the high reliability of the In2O3 TFTs passivated with Y2O3 and Er2O3 films. This finding accelerates the development of next‐generation displays using high‐mobility In2O3 TFTs.
Heavy metal ions monitoring using molecular ligands: Optical properties and analytical performances
Authors: Mohan Brij , Kadiyan Ritika , Virender  , Modi Krunal , Singh Gurjaspreet , Garazade Ismayil M. , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Banat Fawzi , Solovev Alexander A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHeavy metal ions are resistant to degradation and pollute a wide range of natural resources found in the environment, such as water. Detecting heavy metals is crucial for monitoring environmental safety and preventing the harmful effects of metal ion exposure. Therefore, this study has focused on Schiff‐base chemosensors, due to their efficacy in detecting metal ions, owing to their simplicity, cost‐effectiveness, rapid photophysical response, greater sensitivity, minimum detection limit, and applicability to the environmental and medical domains. Such chemosensors are crucial for ensuring public health and safety because they offer a feasible and efficient way to monitor concentrations of heavy metals. This review focuses on using spectroscopic chemosensors to detect Pb2+, Cd2+, and Hg2+ ions. The discussion includes the mechanisms and signal change properties of these chemosensors, as well as critical factors such as the limit of detection, binding stoichiometry ratio, association constant, appropriate pH, and structure. The article concludes with key findings and future perspectives, emphasizing the crucial role of metal ion monitoring devices in protecting the environment and human health.
Solvent extraction and trace determination of cadmium(II) by spectrophotometry and ICP‐MS
Authors: Jadvani Janvi , Sharma Chandramauly , Joshi Meet 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA novel method for the simple, selective separation and trace determination of cadmium is presented. Cadmium is extracted quantitatively at a pH value of 9.5 using 7‐hydroxy‐4‐methylcoumarin hydroxyl amine (HMCHA) in dichloromethane, exhibiting maximum absorbance at 400 nm with a molar absorptivity (ε) of 5.0 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1 and conforming to Beer's law within the concentration range of 0.1 to 5.0 ppm. The Cd‐HMCHA complex displays a characteristic yellowish‐pink coloration. Determination of cadmium is accomplished via spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, resulting in a sensitivity enhancement of 20‐fold which has a limit of detection of 1.950 ppb and a limit of quantification of 5.850 ppb. The extraction of cadmium is not affected by other ions, showing not any interference. The efficacy of this method is validated through the analysis of cadmium in National Bureau of Standard Samples.
Non-compact gauge groups, tensor fields and Yang-Mills-Einstein amplitudes
Authors: Chiodaroli Marco , Günaydin Murat , Johansson Henrik , Roiban Radu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills-Einstein theories have been investigated mostly for compact gauge groups. While non-compact gauge groups are not physically viable in Yang-Mills theory, non-compact gaugings feature prominently in the supergravity literature, where any choice of perturbative vacuum spontaneously breaks the gauge group to a compact subgroup. In this paper, we formulate double-copy constructions for several five-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supergravities with non-compact gauge groups. On one side of the double copy, we employ amplitudes from a super-Yang-Mills theory with a massive hypermultiplet. On the other, we use amplitudes from particular non-supersymmetric Yang-Mills-scalar theories with massive fermions, chosen to obey constraints coming from color/kinematics duality. Supergravities with massive self-dual tensors in five dimensions are also considered, showing that tensors are straightforwardly realized as double copies of gauge-theory fermions with suitable choices of signs in the corresponding solutions of the Dirac equation. We present several examples of these constructions, noting in particular the appearance of Heisenberg groups in the supergravity gauge symmetry and, in some cases, the possibility of exotic tensor-vector matter couplings.
Lattice Hamiltonian for adjoint QCD2
Authors: Dempsey Ross , Klebanov Igor R. , Pufu Silviu S. , Søgaard Benjamin T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We introduce a Hamiltonian lattice model for the (1 + 1)-dimensional SU(Nc) gauge theory coupled to one adjoint Majorana fermion of mass m. The discretization of the continuum theory uses staggered Majorana fermions. We analyze the symmetries of the lattice model and find lattice analogs of the anomalies of the corresponding continuum theory. An important role is played by the lattice translation by one lattice site, which in the continuum limit involves a discrete axial transformation. On a lattice with periodic boundary conditions, the Hilbert space breaks up into sectors labeled by the Nc-ality p = 0, … Nc − 1. Our symmetry analysis implies various exact degeneracies in the spectrum of the lattice model. In particular, it shows that, for m = 0 and even Nc, the sectors p and p′ are degenerate if |p − p′| = Nc/2. In the Nc = 2 case, we explicitly construct the action of the Hamiltonian on a basis of gauge-invariant states, and we perform both a strong coupling expansion and exact diagonalization for lattices of up to 12 lattice sites. Upon extrapolation of these results, we find good agreement with the spectrum computed previously using discretized light-cone quantization. One of our new results is the first numerical calculation of the fermion bilinear condensate.
Gravitational edge mode in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 Jackiw-Teitelboim supergravity
Authors: Lee Kyung-Sun , Sivakumar Akhil , Yoon Junggi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study the gravitational edge mode in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) supergravity on the disk and its osp(2|1) BF formulation. We revisit the derivation of the finite-temperature Schwarzian action in the conformal gauge of the bosonic JT gravity through wiggling boundary and the frame fluctuation descriptions. Extending our method to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 JT supergravity, we derive the finite-temperature super-Schwarzian action for the edge mode from both the wiggling boundary and the superframe field fluctuation. We emphasize the crucial role of the inversion of the super-Schwarzian derivative in elucidating the relation between the isometry and the OSp(2|1) gauging of the super-Schwarzian action. In osp(2|1) BF formulation, we discuss the asymptotic AdS condition. We employ the Iwasawa-like decomposition of OSp(2|1) group element to derive the super-Schwarzian action at finite temperature. We demonstrate that the OSp(2|1) gauging arises from inherent redundancy in the Iwasawa-like decomposition. We also discuss the path integral measure obtained from the Haar measure of OSp(2|1).
Operators in the internal space and locality
Authors: Bohra Hardik , Das Sumit R. , Mandal Gautam , Nanda Kanhu Kishore , Radwan Mohamed Hany , Trivedi Sandip P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Realizations of the holographic correspondence in String/M theory typically involve spacetimes of the form AdS × Y where Y is some internal space which geometrizes an internal symmetry of the dual field theory, hereafter referred to as an “R symmetry”. It has been speculated that areas of Ryu-Takayanagi surfaces anchored on the boundary of a subregion of Y, and smeared over the base space of the dual field theory, quantify entanglement of internal degrees of freedom. A natural candidate for the corresponding operators are linear combinations of operators with definite R charge with coefficients given by the “spherical harmonics” of the internal space: this is natural when the product spaces appear as IR geometries of higher dimensional AdS spaces. We study clustering properties of such operators both for pure AdS × Y and for flow geometries, where AdS × Y arises in the IR from a different spacetime in the UV, for example higher dimensional AdS or asymptotically flat spacetime. We show, in complete generality, that the two point functions of such operators separated along the internal space obey clustering properties at scales sufficiently larger than the AdS scale. For non-compact Y, this provides a notion of approximate locality. When Y is compact, clustering happens only when the size of Y is parametrically larger than the AdS scale. This latter situation is realized in flow geometries where the product spaces arise in the IR from an asymptotically AdS geometry at UV, but not typically when they arise near black hole horizons in asymptotically flat spacetimes. We discuss the significance of this result for entanglement and comment on the role of color degrees of freedom.
Robustness of the hedgehog Skyrmion
Authors: Manton N. S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We investigate the radial profile function of the hedgehog Skyrmion with unit baryon number in generic EFTs (effective field theories) of pions. The analysis assumes chiral symmetry and ignores the pion mass term. The Skyrmion is always smooth, because it has no point source at the origin, and terms in the EFT with higher numbers of pion derivatives do not result in uncontrolled large corrections or singularities there. The profile varies in quite a limited way as the terms in the EFT change, and a universal profile function is proposed.
Additive manufacturing of variothermal injection moulding insert made of Al-40Si
Authors: Frasch Johannes , Schwinger Christian , Traxdorf Rico , Graf Stefan , Kinast Jan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInjection moulding has been a pivotal technology in the mass production of polymer optics for many years. The surface quality of the moulding inserts exerts a significant influence on the quality of the optics produced. In the production of micro-structured polymer optics, such as Fresnel lenses, conventional isothermal injection moulding is unable to achieve the requisite surface accuracy. Variothermal injection moulding allows for improved surface accuracy and reduced residual stresses, but increases technical effort and cycle times. To reduce the cycle time and residual stresses of variothermal injection moulding, the potential of additive manufacturing of Al-40Si for the fabrication of moulding inserts is investigated. In order to achieve these objectives, the offered design freedom of additive manufacturing is investigated with a view to developing optimised conformal cooling channels. Numerical methods will be used for thermal and structural analyses. The performance of the newly developed moulding insert is evaluated experimentally by thermographic measurements and the measurement of stress birefringence on replicated PMMA samples.
Efficient derivatization-free monitoring of glycosyltransferase reactions via flow injection analysis-mass spectrometry for rapid sugar analytics
Authors: Thiele Ulrich , Crocoll Chantal , Tschöpe André , Drayß Carla , Kirschhöfer Frank , Nusser Michael , Brenner-Weiß Gerald , Franzreb Matthias , Bleher Katharina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe widespread application of enzymes in industrial chemical synthesis requires efficient process control to maintain high yields and purity. Flow injection analysis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (FIA-ESI–MS) offers a promising solution for real-time monitoring of these enzymatic processes, particularly when handling challenging compounds like sugars and glycans, which are difficult to quickly analyze using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry due to their physical properties or the requirement for a derivatization step beforehand. This study compares the performance of FIA-MS with traditional hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-mass spectrometry (MS) setups for the monitoring of the enzymatic synthesis of N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) using beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase. Our results show that FIA-MS, without prior chromatographic separation or derivatization, can quickly generate accurate mass spectrometric data within minutes, contrasting with the lengthy separations required by LC–MS methods. The rapid data acquisition of FIA-MS enables effective real-time monitoring and adjustment of the enzymatic reactions. Furthermore, by eliminating the derivatization step, this method offers the possibility of being directly coupled to a continuously operated reactor, thus providing a rapid on-line methodology for glycan synthesis as well.
Graphical Abstract
No guarantees: planned oocyte cryopreservation, not quite an insurance policy
Authors: Klipstein Sigal , Kelly Lindsay , Lalwani Sasmira 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlanned oocyte cryopreservation (OC) has the potential to address the burden of the biological clock, giving women and individuals with ovaries more autonomy in choosing when to have children and with whom. In the United States, the annual number of OC cycles has grown significantly, yet many questions remain regarding planned OC. The field is starting to gather data on the clinical practice and social perspectives around planned oocyte cryopreservation, including the optimal age range at which to offer planned OC, what factors are most predictive of a successful outcome, and the optimal number of oocytes and ovarian stimulation cycles to achieve a live birth. There is a clear need for setting realistic expectations about the chance of success with OC; however, most patients have yet to return to thaw their oocytes, and outcomes data are limited. Clinical models have been developed to predict OC success based on surrogate markers such as age, number of oocytes retrieved, and anti-Müllerian hormone level. Patient education should emphasize the age-related decline in fertility, that eggs do not equal embryos, and that more than one cycle may be needed to obtain sufficient oocytes to have a reasonable chance of future success. While planned OC is not quite an insurance policy against future reproductive challenges, it provides the best option to date for expanding the reproductive window and maximizing reproductive options while navigating individual life circumstances in the context of family building.
Pokemon inhibits Bim transcription to promote the proliferation, anti-anoikis, invasion, histological grade, and dukes stage of colorectal neoplasms
Authors: Wang Yan , Zeng Huiling , Li Li , Liu Jizhen , Lin Jiantao , Bie Yanhong , Wang Sen , Cheng Xiaoguang , Nashun Bayaer , Yao Yunhong , Hu Xinrong , Zhao Yi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to determine whether Pokemon regulates Bim activity in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) carcinogenesis.

Methods
Clinical tissue samples were analyzed to detect the expression and clinicopathological significance of Pokemon and Bim in CRC. Proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion assays were conducted to identify the regulatory effect of Pokemon on Bim. The combined treatment effects of Pokemon knockdown and diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) were also examined.

Results
Immunohistochemical analysis of 80 samples of colorectal epithelia (CRE), 80 cases of colorectal adenoma (CRA), and 160 of CRC samples revealed protein expression rates of 23.8%, 38.8%, and 70.6% for Pokemon, and 88.8%, 73.8%, and 31.9% for Bim, respectively. A significant negative correlation was observed between Pokemon and Bim expression across the CRE, CRA, and CRC lesion stages. In CRC, higher Pokemon and lower Bim expression correlated with higher histological grades, advanced Dukes stages, and increased cancer invasion. In both LoVo and HCT116 cells, overexpression of Pokemon significantly reduced Bim expression, leading to increased proliferation, resistance to anoikis, and cell invasion. Additionally, Pokemon overexpression significantly decreased DDP-induced Bim expression, reduction of anti-apoptosis and invasion, whereas Pokemon knockdown resulted in the opposite effects.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that Pokemon inhibits Bim transcription, thereby promoting CRC proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, invasion, and advancing histological grade and Dukes staging. Pokemon knockdown enhances the therapeutic efficacy of DDP in the treatment of CRC.
Volcano-tectonic controls on the morphology and volcanic rift zone configuration on Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea) derived from TanDEM-X data
Authors: Brauner Jacob , Walter Thomas R. , Ela Oscar A. N. , Vanderkluysen Loÿc 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe morphology of the shield volcanoes on Bioko, a volcanic island in central Africa, is controlled both by tectonic and volcanic processes, but the complex interplay of these regional and local mechanisms is poorly understood. Using a TanDEM-X digital elevation model, we are able to create an inventory of 436 vents and monogenetic cones, and over 1330 structural elements and lineaments, and perform a comprehensive morphological and geospatial analysis. We provide detail on the general geomorphology of Bioko Island, and describe its flat top, apical graben-like structures, and the setting of the structural inventory created. Based on vent density and lineament mapping, we are able to identify volcanic rift zones that are governed by vent clustering and the asymmetry of associated monogenetic cones. Specifically, we find that eruption vents are not only clustered but aligned and follow the principal NE-SW axis, although we also highlight evidence for complex structures such as side-stepping alignments and en échelon patterns indicative of strike-slip contributions to the volcano-tectonic fabrics. We discuss possible volcano-tectonic and regional tectonic contributors, such as the Cameroon Volcanic Line and intersecting fracture zones, as well as gravity-tectonic processes dominant at Bioko Island. In this view, our results are relevant for understanding the past and recent volcanic activity and discuss the influence of regional and local volcano-tectonic architectures.
Gene sll1454 is important for growth of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 on nitrate as the only source of nitrogen
Authors: Stebegg Ronald , Schmetterer Georg , Rompel Annette 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe gene sll1454 (narB) encodes a nitrate reductase in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Deletion of sll1454 was performed by insertion of a gene coding for a neomycin phosphate transferase (npt) in both directions to the sll1454 ORF resulting in two different mutant strains named sll1454::npt direct and sll1454::npt complementary. Both strains lost the ability to grow on nitrate as the only source of nitrogen, but instead grew at the same rate as the wild type if ammonium was supplied. Trace metal replacement experiments revealed that tungsten ions inhibited the nitrate reductase in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, as no growth occurred with nitrate as the sole nitrogen source, if molybdenum ions were replaced equimolarly by tungsten ions. Vanadium ions, on the other hand, did not exert any negative effect under the same conditions and neither did the omission of molybdenum, tungsten or vanadium ions in the growth medium. The co-addition of molybdenum ions to cultures containing tungsten ions restored growth to the same rate as in cultures containing only molybdenum ions or none of them.
Graphical abstract
Flooding and flood water storage in karst systems of the Mediterranean region
Authors: Xanke Julian , Stevanović Zoran , Liesch Tanja , Kaltenbrunn Alexander , Ravbar Nataša , Jourde Hervé , Andreo Bartolomé , Barberá Juan Antonio , Goldscheider Nico 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFlooding is a recurring natural phenomenon that can have both life-giving and destructive aspects. In natural environments, floods are often an important element of the seasonal hydrologic cycle that provides water and nutrients to soil, supporting unique, rich and diverse ecosystems. However, flood events can also represent a destructive force that can endanger lives and cause significant damage in urban areas. Karst areas, in particular, are unique because of their special hydraulic characteristics in terms of flood occurrence, the dependence of ecosystems on such events, and attempts to actively store and manage floods. In this article, the hydraulic response of karst aquifers to heavy precipitation events, flood generation, and engineering interventions for flood control are discussed using several examples from karst areas in the Mediterranean region. Flooding mechanisms and regulatory structures in karst poljes are considered using several typical examples from the Dinaric mountain range. In addition, different variants of groundwater abstraction for increasing storage capacity and flood control are presented using examples from France and Montenegro. Managed aquifer recharge in karst areas and adjacent aquifers is demonstrated with examples from Jordan and Algeria. Finally, failed attempts at flood storage in karst reservoirs are presented with examples from Spain and Montenegro. These examples of flood retention in karst areas show the wide range of planning and technical measures and remind us of possible risks and failures in implementation as well as some positive and negative impacts on the environment and especially on ecosystems.