bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Chance‐Constrained Hydraulic Barrier Design under Geological Structure Uncertainty
Authors: Chitsazan Nima , Pham Hai V. , Tsai Frank T.‐C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe groundwater community has widely recognized geological structure uncertainty as a major source of model structure uncertainty. Previous studies in aquifer remediation design, however, rarely discuss the impact of geological structure uncertainty. This study combines chance‐constrained (CC) programming with Bayesian model averaging (BMA) as a BMA‐CC framework to assess the impact of geological structure uncertainty in remediation design. To pursue this goal, the BMA‐CC method is compared with traditional CC programming that only considers model parameter uncertainty. The BMA‐CC method is employed to design a hydraulic barrier to protect public supply wells of the Government St. pump station from salt water intrusion in the “1500‐foot” sand and the “1700‐foot” sand of the Baton Rouge area, southeastern Louisiana. To address geological structure uncertainty, three groundwater models based on three different hydrostratigraphic architectures are developed. The results show that using traditional CC programming overestimates design reliability. The results also show that at least five additional connector wells are needed to achieve more than 90% design reliability level. The total amount of injected water from the connector wells is higher than the total pumpage of the protected public supply wells. While reducing the injection rate can be achieved by reducing the reliability level, the study finds that the hydraulic barrier design to protect the Government St. pump station may not be economically attractive.
The role of mutations in epigenetic regulators in myeloid malignancies
Authors: Woods Brittany A. , Levine Ross L. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryOver the past decade, genomic studies have identified a number of novel and recurrent somatic mutations that affect epigenetic patterning in patients with myeloid malignancies, including myeloproliferative neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndrome, and acute myeloid leukemia. Many of these mutations occur in genes with established roles in the regulation and maintenance of DNA methylation and/or chromatin modifications in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Subsequent genetic and functional studies have revealed that these mutations affect epigenetic patterning in myeloid diseases. In this review, we discuss historical and recent studies implicating epigenetic modifiers in the development and evolution of the various myeloid malignancies and discuss how this knowledge has and will lead to future clinical and biologic insights.
A systematic review of nurse‐related social network analysis studies
Authors: Benton D.C. , Pérez‐Raya F. , Fernández‐Fernández M.P. , González‐Jurado M.A. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundNurses frequently work as part of both uni‐ and multidisciplinary teams. Communication between team members is critical in the delivery of quality care. Social network analysis is increasingly being used to explore such communication.AimTo explore the use of social network analysis involving nurses either as subjects of the study or as researchers.MethodsStandard systematic review procedures were applied to identify nurse‐related studies that utilize social network analysis. A comparative thematic approach to synthesis was used.Both published and grey literature written inEnglish,Spanish andPortuguese betweenJanuary 1965 andDecember 2013 were identified via a structured search ofCINAHL,SciELOandPubMed. In addition,Google andYahoo search engines were used to identify additional grey literature using the same search strategy.ResultsForty‐three primary studies were identified with literature fromNorthAmerica dominating the published work. So far it would appear that no author or group of authors have developed a programme of research in the nursing field using the social network analysis approach although several authors may be in the process of doing so.LimitationsThe dominance of literature fromNorthAmerica may be viewed as problematic as the underlying structures and themes may be an artefact of cultural communication norms from this region.ConclusionsThe use of social network analysis in relation to nursing and by nurse researchers has increased rapidly over the past two decades. The lack of longitudinal studies and the absence of replication across multiple sites should be seen as an opportunity for further research.Implication for Nursing and Health PolicyThis analytical approach is relatively new in the field of nursing but does show considerable promise in offering insights into the way information flows between individuals, teams, institutions and other structures. An understanding of these structures provides a means of improving communication.
Perceived barriers to effective knowledge sharing in agile software teams
Authors: Ghobadi Shahla , Mathiassen Lars 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWhile the literature offers several frameworks that explain barriers to knowledge sharing within software development teams, little is known about differences in how team members perceive these barriers. Based on an in‐depth multi‐case study of four software projects, we investigate how project managers, developers, testers and user representatives think about barriers to effective knowledge sharing in agile development. Adapting comparative causal mapping, we constructed causal maps for each of the four roles and identified overlap and divergence in map constructs and causal linkages. The results indicate that despite certain similarities, the four roles differ in how they perceive and emphasize knowledge‐sharing barriers. The project managers put primary emphasis on project setting barriers, while the primary concern of developers, testers and user representatives were project communication, project organization and team capabilities barriers, respectively. Integrating the four causal maps and the agile literature, we propose a conceptual framework with seven types of knowledge‐sharing barriers and 37 specific barriers. We argue that to bridge communication gaps and create shared understanding in software teams, it is critical to take the revealed concerns of different roles into account. We conclude by discussing our findings in relation to knowledge sharing in agile teams and software teams more generally.
The influence of vagrant hosts and weather patterns on the colonization and persistence of blood parasites in an island bird
Authors: Clark Nicholas J. , Clegg Sonya M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimColonization and extinction are important drivers of island biogeography, but they are difficult to study. We used a long‐term dataset to determine the mechanisms that contribute to colonization and persistence for vector‐borne blood parasites in an island population of birds that regularly receives infected vagrant conspecifics and wind‐assisted potential vectors from the mainland.LocationHeron Island (Australia) and the Australian mainland.MethodsWe determined the prevalence, temporal stability and host‐specificity of Haemoproteus and Plasmodium parasites in resident and mainland‐vagrant silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis) on Heron Island over seven years (1999–2003 and 2012–2013). We carried out simulations using mainland infection data and vagrant arrival scenarios to test whether transmission from vagrants influences infection patterns in island residents. We tested whether variation in island parasite prevalence was predicted by abiotic factors associated with vector breeding and dispersal.ResultsParasite prevalence and composition on the island varied considerably across years. Host‐specialist Haemoproteus species exhibited lower prevalence than expected and frequent absence despite a high probability of arriving via vagrants. In contrast, host‐generalist Plasmodium species exhibited a low probability of arriving via vagrants but were temporally persistent in island silvereyes. Increases in prevalence and diversity of Plasmodium species were associated with episodes of offshore winds.Main conclusionsThis study shows that parasites that are abundant in source populations do not necessarily exhibit increased colonization success via vagrant host movement. Vagrant silvereyes are not likely to shape infection patterns in island‐resident silvereyes. Instead, indirect evidence of associations between weather patterns and parasite dynamics suggests that the insular parasite community may be limited by vector establishment. Our results support the hypothesis that host‐specificity is important in determining a parasite's ability to persist on islands, with host‐specialists at greater risk of failing to establish after their initial arrival.
Detox diets for toxin elimination and weight management: a critical review of the evidence
Authors: Klein A. V. , Kiat H. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDetox diets are popular dieting strategies that claim to facilitate toxin elimination and weight loss, thereby promoting health and well‐being. The present review examines whether detox diets are necessary, what they involve, whether they are effective and whether they present any dangers. Although the detox industry is booming, there is very little clinical evidence to support the use of these diets. A handful of clinical studies have shown that commercial detox diets enhance liver detoxification and eliminate persistent organic pollutants from the body, although these studies are hampered by flawed methodologies and small sample sizes. There is preliminary evidence to suggest that certain foods such as coriander, nori and olestra have detoxification properties, although the majority of these studies have been performed in animals. To the best of our knowledge, no randomised controlled trials have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of commercial detox diets in humans. This is an area that deserves attention so that consumers can be informed of the potential benefits and risks of detox programmes.
Computational Analyses of Arteriovenous Malformations in Neuroimaging
Authors: Di Ieva Antonio , Boukadoum Mounir , Lahmiri Salim , Cusimano Michael D. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTComputational models have been investigated for the analysis of the physiopathology and morphology of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in recent years. Special emphasis has been given to image fusion in multimodal imaging and 3‐dimensional rendering of the AVM, with the aim to improve the visualization of the lesion (for diagnostic purposes) and the selection of the nidus (for therapeutic aims, like the selection of the region of interest for the gamma knife radiosurgery plan). Searching for new diagnostic and prognostic neuroimaging biomarkers, fractal‐based computational models have been proposed for describing and quantifying the angioarchitecture of the nidus. Computational modeling in the AVM field offers promising tools of analysis and requires a strict collaboration among neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, clinicians, computer scientists, and engineers. We present here some updated state‐of‐the‐art exemplary cases in the field, focusing on recent neuroimaging computational modeling with clinical relevance, which might offer useful clinical tools for the management of AVMs in the future.
Effects of epigallocatechin gallate on lipid metabolism and its underlying molecular mechanism in broiler chickens
Authors: Huang J. B. , Zhang Y. , Zhou Y. B. , Wan X. C. , Zhang J. S. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on fat metabolism and to establish the molecular mechanism of these effects in broilers. Seventy‐two 28‐day‐old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into three groups with different levels ofEGCGsupplementation for 4 weeks: normal control (NC) group, L‐EGCG(a low‐level supplement ofEGCG, 40 mg/kg body weight daily) and H‐EGCG(a high‐level supplement ofEGCG, 80 mg/kg body weight daily). After 4 weeks of oral administration,EGCGsignificantly reduced the level of abdominal fat deposition in broilers. The serum triglycerides and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol of chickens in H‐EGCGgroup were also significantly decreased compared with theNCgroup, and the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was notably increased at the same time. Moreover, the vital role of the liver and abdominal adipose tissue in lipid metabolism of poultry animals was examined through gene expression and enzyme activities related to fat anabolism and catabolism in these organs. Our data show thatEGCGsupplementation for 2 weeks significantly downregulated the expression of fatty acid synthesis and fat deposition‐related genes, and upregulated the expression of genes involved in fatty acidβ‐oxidation and lipolysis genes. Simultaneously, the activities of hepatic fatty acid synthesis enzymes (fatty acid synthase and acetyl CoA carboxylase) were significantly decreased, and the activity of carnitine palmitoyl transferase‐1 was notably elevated. The results suggest thatEGCGcould alleviate fat deposition in broilers through inhibiting fat anabolism and stimulating lipid catabolism in broilers.
Perception of Men's Beauty and Attractiveness by Women with Low Sexual Desire
Authors: Ferdenzi Camille , Delplanque Sylvain , Vorontsova-Wenger Olga , Pool E.v.a. , Bianchi-Demicheli Francesco , Sander David 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Despite the high prevalence of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), especially among women, this sexual disorder remains poorly understood. Among the multiple factors possibly involved in HSDD, particularities in the cognitive evaluations of social stimuli need to be better characterized. Especially, beauty and attractiveness judgments, two dimensions of interpersonal perception that are related but differ on their underlying motivational aspects, may vary according to the level of sexual desire.

Aim
The main goal of this study was to investigate whether women with and without HSDD differ in their evaluations of beauty and attractiveness of men's faces and voices.

Methods
Young women from the general population (controls, n = 16) and with HSDD (patients, n = 16) took part in the study. They were presented with a series of neutral/nonerotic voices and faces of young men from the GEneva Faces And Voices database.

Main Outcome Measures
Ratings of beauty (i.e., assessments of aesthetic pleasure) and of attractiveness (i.e., assessments of the personal propensity to feel attracted to someone) and the frequency to which the participants pressed a key to see or listen to each stimulus again were the main outcome measures.

Results
Ratings of attractiveness were lower than ratings of beauty in both groups of women. The dissociation between beauty and attractiveness was larger in women with HSDD than in control participants. Patients gave lower attractiveness ratings than the controls and replayed the stimuli significantly less often.

Conclusion
These results suggest that women with HSDD are characterized by specific alterations of the motivational component of men's perception, very early in the process of interpersonal relationships. Our findings have significant implications, both in better understanding the specific cognitive processes underlying hypoactive sexual desire and more largely the evaluative processes involved in human mate choice.
Petrology and trace element geochemistry of Tissint, the newest shergottite fall
Authors: Balta J. Brian , Sanborn Matthew E. , Udry Arya , Wadhwa Meenakshi , McSween Harry Y. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe fall and recovery of the Tissint meteorite in 2011 created a rare opportunity to examine a Martian sample with a known, short residence time on Earth. Tissint is an olivine‐phyric shergottite that accumulated olivine antecrysts within a single magmatic system. Coarse olivine grains with nearly homogeneous cores of Mg# >80 suggest slow re‐equilibration. Many macroscopic features of this sample resemble those of LAR 06319, including the olivine crystal size distribution and the presence of evolved oxide and olivine compositions. Unlike LAR 06319, however, no magmatic hydrous phases were found in the analyzed samples of Tissint. Minor and trace element compositions indicate that the meteorite is the product of closed‐system crystallization from a parent melt derived from a depleted source, with no obvious addition of a LREE‐rich (crustal?) component prior to or during crystallization. The whole‐rock REE pattern is similar to that of intermediate olivine‐phyric shergottite EETA 79001 lithology A, and could also be approximated by a more olivine‐rich version of depleted basaltic shergottite QUE 94201. Magmatic oxygen fugacities are at the low end of the shergottite range, with log fO2 of QFM‐3.5 to ‐4.0 estimated based on early‐crystallized minerals and QFM‐2.4 estimated based on the Eu in pyroxene oxybarometer. These values are similarly comparable to other depleted shergottites, including SaU 005 and QUE 94201. Tissint occupies a previously unsampled niche in shergottite chemistry: containing olivines with Mg# >80, resembling the enriched olivine‐phyric shergottite LAR 06319 in its crystallization path, and comparable to intermediate olivine‐phyric shergottite EETA 79001A, depleted olivine‐phyric shergottite DaG 476, and depleted basaltic shergottite QUE 94201 in its trace element abundances and oxygen fugacity. The apparent absence of evidence for terrestrial alteration in Tissint (particularly in trace element abundances in the whole‐rock and individual minerals) confirms that exposure to the arid desert environment results in only minimal weathering of samples, provided the exposure times are brief.
Non‐convulsive seizures in children with infection‐related altered mental status
Authors: Fujita Kyoko , Nagase Hiroaki , Nakagawa Taku , Saji Yohsuke , Maruyama Azusa , Uetani Yoshiyuki 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn the intensive care unit, the use of continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) in children with altered mental status often results in the detection of non‐convulsive seizures (NCS). Children with influenza can occasionally display altered mental status, but the prevalence of NCS in children with influenza with altered mental status is yet to be determined. This study determined the prevalence of NCS in pediatric patients with altered mental status associated with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed admissions to the pediatric intensive care unit between September 2009 and February 2010 and confirmed the presence of NCS on cEEG in children with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and with altered mental status.ResultsOf the 15 patients (aged 41−159 months old), NCS was identified on cEEG in five children (33%).ConclusionsApproximately one‐third of the children infected with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with altered mental status had NCS. Further research is needed to determine if the detection and management of NCS improve outcome in these children.
Relationship between electrocardiographic signs and shunt volume in atrial septal defect
Authors: Somura Junpei , Nakagawa Masao , Ukiami Masami , Sagawa Hironori , Furukawa Ouki , Hoshino Shinsuke , Fujino Hidetoshi , Takeuchi Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine whether electrocardiographic signs correlate with hemodynamics and the magnitude of the intracardiac shunt in children with ostium secundum atrial septal defects (ASD).MethodsA total of 100 ASD patients (median age, 6 years 4 months; 54 girls) underwent cardiac catheterization between August 1980 and April 2010. We retrospectively investigated the relationship between electrocardiographic signs and the pulmonary/systemic blood flow ratio (Qp/Qs) in these patients. We also compared 63 postoperative electrocardiograms with those recorded before surgery.ResultsThe mean Qp/Qs ratio of the 100 patients was 2.46 ± 0.81 (range, 1.1–5.0). The Qp/Qs ratio in patients with and without right bundle branch block (RBBB) was 2.57 ± 0.82 (n = 73) and 2.15 ± 0.72 (n = 27), respectively (P = 0.016). The Qp/Qs ratio in patients with and without isolated negative T‐wave was 2.85 ± 0.87 (n = 38) and 2.22 ± 0.68 (n = 62), respectively (P = 0.0003). None of the patients with low Qp/Qs ratio (Qp/Qs ratio ≤ 1.5) had both RBBB and isolated negative T‐wave. The prevalence of these two signs decreased from 73.0% (n = 46) and 36.5% (n = 23) to 15.9% (n = 10) and 15.9% (n = 10) after surgical repair, respectively.ConclusionsRBBB and isolated negative T‐wave in the precordial leads are well correlated with high Qp/Qs ratio in ASD patients.
Thioredoxin Reductase Activity may be More Important than GSH Level in Protecting Human Lens Epithelial Cells against UVA Light
Authors: Padgaonkar Vanita A. , Leverenz Victor R. , Bhat Aparna V. , Pelliccia Sara E. , Giblin Frank J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study compares the abilities of the glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx) antioxidant systems in defending cultured human lens epithelial cells (LECs) against UVA light. Levels of GSH were depleted with either L‐buthionine‐(S,R)‐sulfoximine (BSO) or 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene (CDNB). CDNB treatment also inhibited the activity of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Two levels of O2, 3% and 20%, were employed during a 1 h exposure of the cells to 25 J cm−2 of UVA radiation (338–400 nm wavelength, peak at 365 nm). Inhibition of TrxR activity by CDNB, combined with exposure to UVA light, produced a substantial loss of LECs and cell damage, with the effects being considerably more severe at 20% O2 compared to 3%. In contrast, depletion of GSH by BSO, combined with exposure to UVA light, produced only a slight cell loss, with no apparent morphological effects. Catalase was highly sensitive to UVA‐induced inactivation, but was not essential for protection. Although UVA light presented a challenge for the lens epithelium, it was well tolerated under normal conditions. The results demonstrate an important role for TrxR activity in defending the lens epithelium against UVA light, possibly related to the ability of the Trx system to assist DNA synthesis following UVA‐induced cell damage.
The Impact of Identity Politics in Challenging National Narratives: A Case Study among Canadian Muslims
Authors: Amin Sara N. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractResearch and theories of nationalisms have underscored how national imaginaries are significantly shaped by collective identity claims‐making, as well as how national imaginaries are mobilized to make claims of both inclusion and exclusion by groups in the nation. However, there has been less focus on how within a given categorical group in a nation national imaginaries are interpreted, contested, and mobilized. Just as inter‐group contests have been shown to impact on national narratives, I propose that intra‐group contests have implications for national narratives as well. This article utilizes the literature on identity politics and multiculturalism to explore how Muslim Canadians are attempting to shape the national narratives of the religious in Canada. Utilizing interviews, editorials written by Muslim Canadians in the mass media, as well as Muslim organizational documents from the 2000–2008 period, this article analyses the claims and counter‐claims within the Muslim‐Canadian community about how they imagine the Canadian nation and the place of the religious in it.