bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The obstetric dilemma: An ancient game of Russian roulette, or a variable dilemma sensitive to ecology?
Authors: Wells Jonathan C.K. , DeSilva Jeremy M. , Stock Jay T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe difficult birth process of humans, often described as the “obstetric dilemma,” is commonly assumed to reflect antagonistic selective pressures favoring neonatal encephalization and maternal bipedal locomotion. However, cephalo‐pelvic disproportion is not exclusive to humans, and is present in some primate species of smaller body size. The fossil record indicates mosaic evolution of the obstetric dilemma, involving a number of different evolutionary processes, and it appears to have shifted in magnitude between Australopithecus, Pleistocene Homo, and recent human populations. Most attention to date has focused on its generic nature, rather than on its variability between populations. We re‐evaluate the nature of the human obstetric dilemma using updated hominin and primate literature, and then consider the contribution of phenotypic plasticity to variability in its magnitude. Both maternal pelvic dimensions and fetal growth patterns are sensitive to ecological factors such as diet and the thermal environment. Neonatal head girth has low plasticity, whereas neonatal mass and maternal stature have higher plasticity. Secular trends in body size may therefore exacerbate or decrease the obstetric dilemma. The emergence of agriculture may have exacerbated the dilemma, by decreasing maternal stature and increasing neonatal growth and adiposity due to dietary shifts. Paleodemographic comparisons between foragers and agriculturalists suggest that foragers have considerably lower rates of perinatal mortality. In contemporary populations, maternal stature remains strongly associated with perinatal mortality in many populations. Long‐term improvements in nutrition across future generations may relieve the dilemma, but in the meantime, variability in its magnitude is likely to persist. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Raumklimatische Planungsgrundlagen für Klassenräume
Authors: Hellwig Runa Tabea 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBei der Sanierung von Schulen besteht nicht nur die Chance die Energieeffizienz der Schulgebäude zu erhöhen, sondern gleichzeitig auch das Raumklima in Klassenräumen im Vergleich zur derzeitigen Situation zu verbessern. Neben einer unzureichenden Raumluftqualität besonders während der Heizperiode, sind einige Klassenräume im Winter zu kalt und zu warm im Sommer. Auch die akustischen Verhältnisse sind in vielen Klassenräumen so, dass die Sprachverständlichkeit beeinträchtigt ist. Nach einer Beschreibung der Anforderungen und der Analyse der derzeitigen raumklimatischen Verhältnisse in Schulen werden Ansätze für die Optimierung der raumklimatischen Situation bereits bei der Planung von Neubauten oder bei einer Sanierung aufgezeigt. Auch durch ein verändertes Betreiben von Schulen kann die raumklimatische Situation verbessert werden.Planning principles for indoor climate of classrooms. Retrofitting of school does not only offering the chance to improve the energy efficiency of school buildings but also to improve the indoor climate in classrooms in comparison with the current situation. Beside an insufficient indoor air quality especially during the heating period some classrooms are to cold in winter or to hot in summer. The acoustical properties of the classrooms reduce the speech intelligibility. After description of the indoor climate requirements and the analysis of the current indoor environmental conditions in school approaches to optimize the indoor climate already during planning stage of new buildings or buildings to retrofit. Also a modified behaviour when operating schools can lead to an improved indoor climate.
Untersuchung der Eignung verschiedener Fassaden für automatisierte Fensterlüftung in Schulen mit einem Entscheidungsbaumverfahren
Authors: Steiger Simone , Wellisch Ulrich , Hellwig Runa Tabea 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSollen Klassenräume über Fenster belüftet werden, kann dies über Stoßlüftung oder genau dosierte Dauerlüftung erfolgen. Messungen verschiedener Institutionen zeigen, dass die erforderliche regelmäßige Stoßlüftung in Schulen nicht praktiziert wird. Damit eine Dauerlüftung aber funktionieren kann, muss ermittelt werden, welcher Fenstertyp bei welcher Öffnungsweite bei behaglichen thermischen Verhältnissen im Raum den notwendigen Luftwechsel gewährleistet. Deshalb wurden an einem Freilandversuchsstand des Fraunhofer‐Instituts für Bauphysik Schwingflügel und Kippflügel auf ihre Eignung zur Dauerlüftung in Klassenräumen untersucht.Da sich bei den vielen Einflussfaktoren auf die freie Lüftung die deskriptive Analyse oft als sehr schwierig erweist, wird ein besonderes statistisches Verfahren, ein Entscheidungsbaumverfahren verwendet, das sowohl hinsichtlich der Auswahl der Einflussgrößen und der Modellüberanpassung sehr günstige statistischmethodische Eigenschaften besitzt. Mit diesem Verfahren können Einflussgrößen mit unterschiedlichen Skalenniveaus adäquat in die Auswertung einbezogen werden. Dabei erhält man ein intuitiv interpretierbares Regelwerk, welches dem Anwender einen erklärenden Einblick in die Zusammenhangsstruktur des untersuchten Prozesses liefert.Investigation of different façade systems regarding to their applicability for automated window ventilation in schools with a decision tree method. In classrooms, where ventilation is managed with windows two kinds of strategies can be used: short‐term ventilation or exactly regulated continuous ventilation. Results of measurements of different institutions show that the necessary regular short‐term airing in schools is not adhered to. For functional continuous ventilation in classrooms it is necessary to know, which type of window assures the required air change within comfortable thermal conditions and which opening width is necessary. In order to get this information the performance of pivoting windows and bottom‐hung windows is investigated at an outdoor test facility at the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics.Because of the difficulties in descriptive analysis of natural ventilation with its various influencing factors a specific statistical method, a decision tree method, is used. This method has pretty positive characteristics regarding the choice of influencing factors and the overfitting of the statistical model. With this method there can be implied influencing factors with different scale levels in an adequate way. The result of this method is an interpretable system of rules, which delivers an illustrative insight into the context pattern of the investigated process.
Chemopreventive and anti‐angiogenic effects of dietary phenethyl isothiocyanate in an N‐methyl nitrosourea‐induced breast cancer animal model
Authors: Aras Urvi , Gandhi Yash A. , Masso‐Welch Patricia A. , Morris Marilyn E. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe effect of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a component of cruciferous vegetables, on the initiation and progression of cancer was investigated in a chemically induced estrogen‐dependent breast cancer model. Breast cancer was induced in female Sprague Dawley rats (8 weeks old) by the administration of N‐methyl nitrosourea (NMU). Animals were administered 50 or 150 µmol/kg oral PEITC and monitored for tumor appearance for 18 weeks. The PEITC treatment prolonged the tumor‐free survival time and decreased the tumor incidence and multiplicity. The time to the first palpable tumor was prolonged from 69 days in the control, to 84 and 88 days in the 50 and 150 µmol/kg PEITC‐treated groups. The tumor incidence in the control, 50 µmol/kg, and 150 µmol/kg PEITC‐treated groups was 56.6%, 25.0% and 17.2%, while the tumor multiplicity was 1.03, 0.25 and 0.21, respectively. Differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05) from the control, but there were no significant differences between the two dose levels. The intratumoral capillary density decreased from 4.21 ± 0.30 vessels per field in the controls to 2.46 ± 0.25 in the 50 µmol/kg and 2.36 ± 0.23 in the 150 µmol/kg PEITC‐treated animals. These studies indicate that supplementation with PEITC prolongs the tumor‐free survival, reduces tumor incidence and burden, and is chemoprotective in NMU‐induced estrogen‐dependent breast cancer in rats. For the first time, it is reported that PEITC has anti‐angiogenic effects in a chemically induced breast cancer animal model, representing a potentially significant mechanism contributing to its chemopreventive activity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vom Nutzen des Augenblicks für die Projekte der Wissenschaft
Authors: Wulz Monika 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUsing the Instant for the Projects of Science. Focusing on Bachelard's books L'Intuition de l'instant (1932) and La dialectique de la durée (1936), the paper deals with Bachelard's discontinuous and serial concept of time that is formulated against Henri Bergson's concept of duration. With a view to the philosophical concept of monadology, to the theory of relativity, and to the contemporary psychological and neurological research, the paper points to the significance of the instant for Bachelard's concept of temporality, for his desubjectified concept of the individual as well as his discontinuous concept of matter. Moreoever, the paper explores the discontinuous conception of temporality in Bachelard's epistemological writings. The paper argues that Bachelard's discontinuous concept of the specific temporality of science is based on a fundamental discontinuity of reality of both physical as well as psychological processes.
Sustainable Development and the Financial System: Society's Perceptions About Socially Responsible Investing
Authors: Escrig‐Olmedo Elena , Muñoz‐Torres María Jesús , Fernández‐Izquierdo María Ángeles 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe debate surrounding the financial needs of investors and the impact on society of investment is considered to be an important research topic due to the growth of socially responsible financial markets. The main objective of this research is to study society's perception about socially responsible investing (SRI) and to identify investor's preferences regarding environmental, social and governance criteria, their real‐life investment needs and the most relevant sustainable financial products.To examine society's perception of SRI, we conducted a field survey among Spanish investors. The results show that SRI is at an early stage and Spanish investors need more exact information regarding social, environmental, and governance criteria in order to invest in socially responsible companies and products.This paper offers some guidelines that could be used by Spanish institutions, managers and investors and by foreign managers when approaching the Spanish market, in order to promote the growth of socially responsible financial products. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Degradation Kinetics and Aqueous Degradation Pathway of Cloxacillin Sodium
Authors: Zhi M. , Wang J. , Wang Y. , Gong J. , Xie C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe degradation kinetics of cloxacillin sodium (CS) under real production conditions was determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Degradation in methanol (MeOH) follows zero‐order kinetics. The introduction of water kept the degradation order but decreased the rate constant, while butyl acetate (BA) accelerated the degradation and shifted the kinetics to first order. In the MeOH/BA system, the pH‐dependent degradation rate generally increased when increasing the pH, except for a distinct drop at about pH 6.5. In aqueous solution, the effect of temperature was determined and the apparent activation energy of degradation was found to be 80.34 ± 5.88 kJ mol–1. The degradation products were analyzed using HPLC, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy, and a pathway toward cloxalloic acid via cloxacilloic acid as intermediate is proposed.
Active and Stable Ni‐MgO Catalyst Coated on a Metal Monolith for Methane Steam Reforming under Low Steam‐to‐Carbon Ratios
Authors: de Miguel N. , Manzanedo J. , Arias P. L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA structured reaction system in the form of an Ni‐MgO catalyst reduced to nanoscale particle size and coated on a metallic monolith proved to be an active and stable system for methane steam reforming under a steam‐to‐carbon ratio of 1.5 and a temperature of 700 °C. The catalyst‐coated monolith exhibited higher stability and much higher CH4 conversion than the same catalyst in a catalyst particle bed reaction system. The high activity is attributed to the properties of the metal monolith and to the small size of the catalyst particles on the coating, while the stability is ascribed to the NiO‐MgO solid solution formed in the Ni‐MgO catalyst. These results are better than the corresponding ones obtained with a conventional Ni‐Al2O3 catalyst reported previously [1] and comparable to the ones presented in the literature, with the advantage of working under a low steam‐to‐carbon ratio.
Dissociation Kinetics of Open‐Chain and Macrocyclic Gadolinium(III)‐Aminopolycarboxylate Complexes Related to Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Catalytic Effect of Endogenous Ligands
Authors: Baranyai Zsolt , Pálinkás Zoltán , Uggeri Fulvio , Maiocchi Alessandro , Aime Silvio , Brücher Ernő 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe kinetics of the metal exchange reactions between open‐chain Gd(DTPA)2− and Gd(DTPA‐BMA), macrocyclic Gd(DOTA)− and Gd(HP‐DO3A) complexes, and Cu2+ ions were investigated in the presence of endogenous citrate, phosphate, carbonate and histidinate ligands in the pH range 6–8 in NaCl (0.15 M) at 25 °C. The rates of the exchange reactions of Gd(DTPA)2− and Gd(DTPA‐BMA) are independent of the Cu2+ concentration in the presence of citrate and the reactions occur via the dissociation of Gd3+ complexes catalyzed by the citrate ions. The HCO3−/CO32− and H2PO4− ions also catalyze the dissociation of complexes. The rates of the dissociation of Gd(DTPA‐BMA), catalyzed by the endogenous ligands, are about two orders of magnitude higher than those of the Gd(DTPA)2−. In fact near to physiological conditions the bicarbonate and carbonate ions show the largest catalytic effect, that significantly increase the dissociation rate of Gd(DTPA‐BMA) and make the higher pH values (when the carbonate ion concentration is higher) a risk‐factor for the dissociation of complexes in body fluids. The exchange reactions of Gd(DOTA)− and Gd(HP‐DO3A) with Cu2+ occur through the proton assisted dissociation of complexes in the pH range 3.5–5 and the endogenous ligands do not affect the dissociation rates of complexes. More insights into the interaction scheme between Gd(DTPA‐BMA) and Gd(DTPA)2− and endogenous ligands have been obtained by acquiring the 13C NMR spectra of the corresponding diamagnetic Y(III)‐complexes, indicating the increase of the rates of the intramolecular rearrangements in the presence of carbonate and citrate ions. The herein reported results may have implications in the understanding of the etiology of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, a rare disease that has been associated to the administration of Gd‐containing agents to patients with impaired renal function.
ChemInform Abstract: Planarization of B7‐ and B12‐ Clusters by Isoelectronic Substitution: AlB6‐ and AlB11‐.
Authors: Romanescu Constantin , Sergeeva Alina P. , Li Wei‐Li , Boldyrev Alexander I. , Wang Lai‐Sheng 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe structures and chemical bonding of AlB6‐ and AlB11‐ clusters are characterized by PES and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Study of a Series of Layered Rare‐Earth Hydroxide Sulfates.
Authors: Geng Fengxia , Ma Renzhi , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Liang Jianbo , Michiue Yuichi , Sasaki Takayoshi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe structure of the new family of rare‐earth hydroxides Ln2(OH)4SO4·2H2O (Ln: Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb; preparation see CI 201102014) is determined by synchrotron powder XRD and SAED.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Photoluminescence Properties of Ce3+‐Doped Novel Silicon‐Oxynitride Ba4‐zMzSi8O20‐3xN2x (M: Mg, Ca, Sr).
Authors: Fang Y. , Li Y. Q. , Xie R. J. , Hirosaki N. , Takade T. , Li X. Y. , Qiu T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe undoped and Ce3+‐doped title compounds are prepared by solid state reactions using Si3N4, SiO2, BaCO3, MgO, CaCO3, SrCO3, and CeO2 as starting materials (BN boat, 1050—1300 °C, N2/5% H2).
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism in Nitrogen‐Doped BaTiO3.
Authors: Tan Xingyi , Chen Changle , Jin Kexin , Luo Bingcheng 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNitrogen‐doped BaTiO3 is synthesized by solid state reaction of BaCO3 and TiO2 (1200 °C, 12 h) followed by sintering in NH3(67%)/Ar at 600 °C for 4 h.
ChemInform Abstract: New BaM2(SeO3)3·nH2O (M: Co, Ni, Mn, Mg; n ≈ 3) Zemannite‐Type Frameworks: Single Crystal Structures of BaCo2(SeO3)3·3H2O, BaMn2(SeO3)3·3H2O and BaMg2(SeO3)3·3H2O.
Authors: Johnston Magnus G. , Harrison William T. A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe new isostructural title compounds crystallize in the hexagonal space group P63 with Z = 8.
ChemInform Abstract: K3Ln[OB(OH)2]2 [HOPO3]2 (Ln: Yb, Lu): Layered Rare‐Earth Dihydrogen Borate Monohydrogen Phosphates.
Authors: Kniep Ruediger , et al. et al. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe title compounds are hydrothermally synthesized from mixtures of Yb2O3 or LuCl3, K2B4O7, KH2PO4, HCl, and H2O (autoclave, pH 6—7, 453 K, 3—5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: The Complex Amide K2[Zr(NH2)6].
Authors: Kraus Florian , Baer Sebastian A. , Karttunen Antti J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized by reaction of ZrF4 with elemental potassium dissolved in liquid NH3 (‐78 → ‐40 °C, 4 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: Pentavalent and Tetravalent Uranium Selenides, Tl3Cu4USe6 and Tl2Ag2USe4: Syntheses, Characterization, and Structural Comparison to Other Layered Actinide Chalcogenide Compounds.
Authors: Bugaris Daniel E. , Choi Eun Sang , Copping Roy , Glans Per‐Anders , Minasian Stefan G. , Tyliszczak Tolek , Kozimor Stosh A. , Shuh David K. , Ibers James A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGolden black single crystals of Tl3Cu4USe6 and long black needles of Tl2Ag2USe4 are prepared by reaction of the elements in excess TlCl at 1123 K for 7 d (yield 10 and 20 wt.%, resp.).
ChemInform Abstract: Orthomolybdates in the Cs—FeII,III—Mo—O System: Cs4Fe(MoO4)3, Cs2Fe2(MoO4)3 and CsFe5(MoO4)7.
Authors: Namsaraeva Touyana , Bazarov Bair , Mikhailova Daria , Kuratieva Natalia , Sarapulova Angelina , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Ehrenberg Helmut 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSingle crystals of the new title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Cs2MoO4, FeO, Fe2O3, and MoO3 (evacuated silica tube, 823—1023 K, 20—30 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Two New Cerium Rhodium Oxides: Ce2/3‐xRh23+O4 (x ≈ 0.12) with Ce Mixed Valency and Ce4+Rh23+O5.
Authors: Mizoguchi Hiroshi , Zakharov L. N. , Bhuvanesh N. S. P. , Sleight A. W. , Subramanian M. A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSingle crystals of CeIVRhIII2O5 are grown from a mixture of CeO2 and Rh2O3 using a 2:1 mixture of PbO and V2O5 as a flux (alumina crucible, 1373 K, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Aerobic Oxidation of α‐Hydroxy Acid Derivatives Catalyzed by Reusable, Polystyrene‐Supported Chiral N‐Salicyclidene Oxidovanadium tert‐Leucinates.
Authors: Salunke Santosh B. , Babu N. Seshu , Chen Chien‐Tien 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe immobilized vanadium complex promotes the kinetic resolution of a number of α‐hydroxy acid derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of syn and anti 1,2‐Hydroxyalkyl Moieties by Cu‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation.
Authors: Fananas‐Mastral Martin , ter Horst Bjorn , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe reaction of allyl bromide (I) with Grignard reagents (II) in the presence of (+)‐TaniaPhos leads selectively to anti‐products (III), whilst the reaction in the presence of (‐)‐TaniaPhos gives rise to syn‐adducts (IV) as main diastereomer.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Nitro Compounds to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones: An Experimental and Computational Study.
Authors: Manzano Ruben , Andres Jose M. , Alvarez Rosana , Muruzabal Maria D. , de Lera Angel R. , Pedrosa Rafael 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe L‐valine based thiourea VTU catalyzes the reaction of nitromethane with chalcones with up to 90% enantioselectivities, whereas ketones such as (Ih)‐(Ij) give only low enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: (R)‐3,5‐diCF3‐SYNPHOS and (R)‐p‐CF3‐SYNPHOS, Electron‐Poor Diphosphines for Efficient Room Temperature Rh‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Berhal Farouk , Esseiva Olivier , Martin Charles‐Henri , Tone Hitoshi , Genet Jean‐Pierre , Ayad Tahar , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGenerally, higher yields and /or enantioselectivities are obtained with derivative (Ia).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Novel Isoxazolyl Pyrimido[4,5‐d][1,3]‐thiazol‐7‐ones, Isoxazolyl‐2‐(4‐oxo‐4H‐1,3‐benzothiazin‐2‐yl)acetamides and Isoxazolyl Thiazolidinones from Isoxazolyl Cyanoacetamide Synthon.
Authors: Rajanarendar E. , Murthy K. Rama , Reddy M. Nagi , Reddy K. Govardhan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSeveral novel isoxazolyl‐substituted heterocycles are synthesized by classical condensation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols Catalyzed by a Water‐Soluble Cp*Iridium Complex: An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Amines in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Kawahara Ryoko , Fujita Ken‐ichi , Yamaguchi Ryohei 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe catalyst can be recycled and reused for at least three times with only a slight loss in activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Surfactant‐Free Synthesis of Palladium Nanoclusters for their Use in Catalytic Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Hyotanishi Megumi , Isomura Yuto , Yamamoto Hiroko , Kawasaki Hideya , Obora Yasushi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPalladium nanoclusters show high catalytic activity in Suzuki—Miyaura and Mizoroki—Heck cross‐coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride (TBAF)‐Catalyzed Addition of Substituted Trialkylsilylalkynes to Aldehydes, Ketones, and Trifluoromethyl Ketones.
Authors: Chintareddy Venkat Reddy , Wadhwa Kuldeep , Verkade John G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTBAF is found to be highly efficient for the title reaction providing a wide range of propargylic alcohols in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Allylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes with Allyltrichlorosilane Catalyzed by METHOX.
Authors: Malkov Andrei V. , Barlog Maciej , Jewkes Yvonne , Mikusek Jiri , Kocovsky Pavel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe title reaction provides a number of homoallylic alcohols with good to high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Microwave‐Assisted Preparation of 2‐Bromo‐1‐alkenes from 1‐Alkynes Using the LiBr—TMSCl—TEAB Reagent System.
Authors: Bunrit Anon , Ruchirawat Somsak , Thongsornkleeb Charnsak 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe hydrobromination of alkynes (I) proceeds in good yields and with high regioselectivity under the optimized reaction conditions to afford 2‐bromo‐1‐alkenes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 1‐Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic Acid Derivatives via Ylide Cyclopropanation of Dehydroamino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Zhou Rui , Deng Xianming , Zheng Juncheng , Shen Qi , Sun Xiuli , Tang Yong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe title reaction can be used for the preparation of chiral and racemic 2‐substituted cyclopropane amino acids.