bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fanconi anemia signaling and Mus81 cooperate to safeguard development and crosslink repair
Authors: Larin Meghan , Gallo David , Tamblyn Laura , Yang Jay , Liao Hudson , Sabat Nestor , Brown Grant W. , McPherson J. Peter 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIndividuals with Fanconi anemia (FA) are susceptible to bone marrow failure, congenital abnormalities, cancer predisposition and exhibit defective DNA crosslink repair. The relationship of this repair defect to disease traits remains unclear, given that crosslink sensitivity is recapitulated in FA mouse models without most of the other disease-related features. Mice deficient in Mus81 are also defective in crosslink repair, yet MUS81 mutations have not been linked to FA. Using mice deficient in both Mus81 and the FA pathway protein FancC, we show both proteins cooperate in parallel pathways, as concomitant loss of FancC and Mus81 triggered cell-type-specific proliferation arrest, apoptosis and DNA damage accumulation in utero. Mice deficient in both FancC and Mus81 that survived to birth exhibited growth defects and an increased incidence of congenital abnormalities. This cooperativity of FancC and Mus81 in developmental outcome was also mirrored in response to crosslink damage and chromosomal integrity. Thus, our findings reveal that both pathways safeguard against DNA damage from exceeding a critical threshold that triggers proliferation arrest and apoptosis, leading to compromised in utero development.
Reproducing cosmic evolution of galaxy population from z = 4 to 0
Authors: Okamoto Takashi , Shimizu Ikkoh , Yoshida Naoki 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We present cosmological hydrodynamic simulations performed to study the evolution of galaxy population. The simulations follow timed release of mass, energy, and metals by stellar evolution and employ phenomenological treatments of supernova feedback, pre-supernova feedback modeled as feedback by radiation pressure from massive stars, and quenching of gas cooling in large halos. We construct the fiducial model so that it reproduces the observationally estimated galaxy stellar mass functions and the relationships between the galaxy stellar mass and the host halo mass from z = 4 to 0. We find that the fiducial model constructed this way naturally explains the cosmic star-formation history, the galaxy downsizing, and the star-formation rate and metallicity of the star-forming galaxies. The simulations without the quenching of the gas cooling in large halos overproduce massive galaxies at z &lt; 2 and fail to reproduce galaxy downsizing. The simulations that do not employ the radiation pressure feedback from young stars predict too strong redshift evolution of the mass–metallicity relation. Furthermore, the slope of the relation becomes too steep at low redshift without the radiation pressure feedback. The metallicity dependence in the radiation pressure feedback is a key to explain the observed mass–metallicity relation. These facts indicate that these two processes in addition to supernova feedback are essential for galaxy evolution. Our simple phenomenological model is suitable to construct a mock galaxy sample to study physical properties of observed galaxy populations.
Relativistic radiative transfer in relativistic plane-parallel flows: Behavior of the Eddington factor
Authors: Fukue Jun 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Relativistic radiative transfer in a relativistic plane–parallel flow which is accelerated from its base, like an accretion disk wind, is numerically examined under a fully special-relativistic treatment. We first derive relativistic formal solutions. We then iteratively solve the relativistic transfer equation for several cases such as radiative equilibrium or local thermodynamic equilibrium, and obtain specific intensities in the inertial and comoving frames, as well as moment quantities and the Eddington factor. Moment quantities are rather different in each case, but the behavior of the Eddington factor for the plane–parallel case is quite similar in all cases. The Eddington factor generally depends on the flow velocity v as well as the optical depth τ. In the case of relativistic plane–parallel flows, in an optically thin regime of τ ≲ 1, it is slightly larger than 1/3 at very slow speed, it becomes smaller than 1/3 at mildly relativistic speed, and it again increases up to unity in the highly relativistic case. At highly relativistic speed, on the other hand, it becomes larger than 1/3 even in an optically thick regime. We find the Eddington approximation is fairly good, except for τ ≲ 1 or v/c ≳ 0.9, although the moment formalism under the Eddington approximation has some defects at $v/c=1/\sqrt{3}$.
Simultaneous resonant excitation of low-frequency eccentric wave and tilt wave on tidally deformed disks
Authors: Kato Shoji 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Simultaneous excitation of low-frequency eccentric precessing mode (one-armed p-mode) and tilt mode on tidally deformed disks is considered. If the orbit of the secondary star is eccentric and its orbital plane is misaligned with the disk plane of the primary, the above-mentioned two low-frequency oscillation modes are simultaneously excited on the primary disk, the former having prograte precession and the latter having retrograde precession. This excitation of disk oscillations is due to a wave–wave resonant excitation process considered by Kato (2013, PASJ, 65, 75). If parameter values relevant to Be/X-ray binary systems are adopted, the periods of these excited oscillations are around 10 times the orbital period of the secondary, which may be comparable with the timescale of giant outbursts observed in Be/X-ray systems.
Alterations in the Functional Connectivity of Frontal Lobe Networks Preceding Emergence Delirium in Children
Authors: Martin Jessica C. , Liley David T. J. , Harvey A. Simon , Kuhlmann Levin , Sleigh Jamie W. , Davidson Andrew J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background:
This study aimed to characterize the electroencephalogram in children who emerged with emergence delirium (ED) compared with children without ED using methods that involved the assessment of cortical functional connectivity.

Methods:
Children aged 5 to 15 yr had multichannel electroencephalographic recordings during induction and emergence from anesthesia during minor surgical procedures. Of these, five children displayed ED after sevoflurane anesthesia. Measures of cortical functional connectivity previously used to evaluate anesthetic action in adults were compared between ED and age-, sex-, and anesthetic-matched non-ED children during emergence from anesthesia.

Results:
At the termination of sevoflurane anesthesia, the electroencephalogram in both ED and control patients showed delta frequency slowing and frontally dominant alpha activity, followed by a prolonged state with low-voltage, fast frequency activity (referred to as an indeterminate state). In children with ED, arousal with delirious behavior and a variety of electroencephalogram patterns occurred during the indeterminate state, before the appearance of normal wake or sleep patterns. The electroencephalogram in children without ED progressed from the indeterminate state to classifiable sleep or drowsy states, before peaceful awakening. Statistically significant differences in frontal lobe functional connectivity were identified between children with ED and non-ED.

Conclusions:
ED is associated with arousal from an indeterminate state before the onset of sleep-like electroencephalogram patterns. Increased frontal lobe cortical functional connectivity observed in ED, immediately after the termination of sevoflurane anesthesia, will have important implications for the development of methods to predict ED, the design of preventative strategies, and efforts to better understand its pathophysiology.
Distinctive Recruitment of Endogenous Sleep-promoting Neurons by Volatile Anesthetics and a Nonimmobilizer
Authors: Han Bo , McCarren Hilary S. , O’Neill Dan , Kelz Max B. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background:
Numerous studies demonstrate that anesthetic-induced unconsciousness is accompanied by activation of hypothalamic sleep-promoting neurons, which occurs through both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms. However, the correlation between drug exposure, neuronal activation, and onset of hypnosis remains incompletely understood. Moreover, the degree to which anesthetics activate both endogenous populations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic sleep-promoting neurons within the ventrolateral preoptic (VLPO) and median preoptic nuclei remains unknown.

Methods:
Mice were exposed to oxygen, hypnotic doses of isoflurane or halothane, or 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (F6), a nonimmobilizer. Hypothalamic brain slices prepared from anesthetic-naive mice were also exposed to oxygen, volatile anesthetics, or F6 ex vivo, both in the presence and absence of tetrodotoxin. Double-label immunohistochemistry was performed to quantify the number of c-Fos–immunoreactive nuclei in the GABAergic subpopulation of neurons in the VLPO and the median preoptic areas to test the hypothesis that volatile anesthetics, but not nonimmobilizers, activate sleep-promoting neurons in both nuclei.

Results:

In vivo exposure to isoflurane and halothane doubled the fraction of active, c-Fos-expressing GABAergic neurons in the VLPO, whereas F6 failed to affect VLPO c-Fos expression. Both in the presence and absence of tetrodotoxin, isoflurane dose-dependently increased c-Fos expression in GABAergic neurons ex vivo, whereas F6 failed to alter expression. In GABAergic neurons of the median preoptic area, c-Fos expression increased with isoflurane and F6, but not with halothane exposure.

Conclusions:
Anesthetic unconsciousness is not accompanied by global activation of all putative sleep-promoting neurons. However, within the VLPO hypnotic doses of volatile anesthetics, but not nonimmobilizers, activate putative sleep-promoting neurons, correlating with the appearance of the hypnotic state.
Coeliac Disease in Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Atherton Rachel , Ross Alexander , Jessop Flora , Williams Rachel , Heuschkel Robert , Zilbauer Matthias 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTUpdated European guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease (CD) in the paediatric population (the European Society for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, January 2012) outlined distinct diagnostic algorithms for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In this short report we demonstrate a period prevalence of CD in the T1DM population of 5.8% at a large tertiary centre. In addition to this, using a questionnaire circulated to paediatricians, we assessed present practice in the diagnosis of CD in T1DM 16 months following the European Society for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guideline publication. Our results indicate that present practice and adherence to guidelines varies substantially. Further dissemination and perhaps simplification of guidelines may be required.
The Reductase Activity of the Arabidopsis Caleosin RESPONSIVE TO DESSICATION20 Mediates Gibberellin-Dependent Flowering Time, Abscisic Acid Sensitivity, and Tolerance to Oxidative Stress
Authors: Blée Elizabeth , Boachon Benoît , Burcklen Michel , Le Guédard Marina , Hanano Abdulsamie , Heintz Dimitri , Ehlting Jürgen , Herrfurth Cornelia , Feussner Ivo , Bessoule Jean-Jacques 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Contrasting with the wealth of information available on the multiple roles of jasmonates in plant development and defense, knowledge about the functions and the biosynthesis of hydroxylated oxylipins remains scarce. By expressing the caleosin RESPONSIVE TO DESSICATION20 (RD20) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we show that the recombinant protein possesses an unusual peroxygenase activity with restricted specificity toward hydroperoxides of unsaturated fatty acid. Accordingly, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants overexpressing RD20 accumulate the product 13-hydroxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid, a linolenate-derived hydroxide. These plants exhibit elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with early gibberellin-dependent flowering and abscisic acid hypersensitivity at seed germination. These phenotypes are dependent on the presence of active RD20, since they are abolished in the rd20 null mutant and in lines overexpressing RD20, in which peroxygenase was inactivated by a point mutation of a catalytic histidine residue. RD20 also confers tolerance against stress induced by Paraquat, Rose Bengal, heavy metal, and the synthetic auxins 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Under oxidative stress, 13-hydroxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid still accumulates in RD20-overexpressing lines, but this lipid oxidation is associated with reduced ROS levels, minor cell death, and delayed floral transition. A model is discussed where the interplay between fatty acid hydroxides generated by RD20 and ROS is counteracted by ethylene during development in unstressed environments.
A fresh approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR): partnerships between businesses and non-profit sectors
Authors: Labib Eid Niveen , Robert Sabella Anton 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The aim of this paper is to offer a new conceptualisation on partnership emergence and dynamism between the business sector and the non-governmental organization (NGO) sector from a corporate social responsibility perspective. More specifically, the paper intends to examine partnering behaviour and management from a socio-political standpoint.Design/methodology/approach– The case study approach used in the study utilised data from eight in-depth, semi-structured interviews, with managers from the business and NGO sectors engaged in a large-scale partnership between a Palestinian Cellular Corporation and an NGO. Interview transcripts were analysed using content and narrative analyses. Findings to be presented include reciprocity, corporate constitutionalism and utilitarianism.Findings– The results found in this paper show that partnership has social, political, and ethical dimensions in support of the theoretical framework developed for this paper. More specifically, the results show that the studied partnership is an emergent process, fundamentally concerned with self-efficacy over community welfare, as well as being driven by individual organisational goals.Originality/value– This paper sheds light on certain aspects of partnership that are often overlooked in mainstream research. It does not only highlight the multifaceted dimensions of partnering but also discusses how partnership can be envisioned and practised as inter-organisational relationships. It stimulates a pragmatic understanding of partnership nature and management showing that partnership emergence, direction and sustainability are conditioned by the stakeholders’ socio-political and ethical practices.
An assessment of corporate governance reforms in Italy based on a comparative analysis of earnings management
Authors: Campa Domenico , Donnelly Ray 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of corporate governance reforms in Italy.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors argue that the effectiveness of corporate governance can best be assessed with reference to the choices made by management or controlling shareholders. They use the curtailment of earnings management as a desirable and measureable outcome of good corporate governance to assess Italy’s progress since the 1990s. The UK is used as a reference point because it is a European Union (EU) economy of comparable size and there is evidence that its firms managed earnings to a much lesser extent than their counterparts in Italy in the 1990s. A matched sample of UK and Italian firms was used for the empirical analysis.

Findings
– It was found that in contrast to the situation in the 1990s, firms in Italy do not manage earnings to a greater extent than their UK counterparts after the corporate governance reforms. In addition, firm-level governance has a greater effect on earnings management in Italy than in the UK. The authors attribute this to firm-level governance compensating for deficiencies in national institutions.

Research limitations/implications
– The restriction of earnings management is just one positive consequence of good governance. Other positive outcomes require to be studied to form a complete picture of the impact of governance reforms in Italy.

Originality/value
– This paper is the first to use an outcome-driven approach to evaluate the impact of governance reforms.
Stakeholder power and corporate social performance
Authors: Ben Lahouel Béchir , Peretti Jean-Marie , Autissier David 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to explore the power of one of the primary organizational stakeholders (shareholders) in the development of a corporate social performance (CSP) score. Few research works in the CSP empirical literature have studied the relationship between stakeholder power and CSP.Design/methodology/approach– Stakeholder theory is used as a theoretical framework to explain how shareholder voting power can influence the CSP level of French publicly listed companies. Stakeholder theory is tested through the operationalization of Ullmann’s (1985) three-dimensional model. Hypotheses related to shareholder voting power, strategic posture and financial performance are formulated through a literature review. A Data Envelopment Analysis approach was presented as a strong tool to measure CSP level. Multiple linear regressions were undertaken to test the hypotheses in a sample of 129 French companies between 2006 and 2007.Findings– The results indicate that companies with dispersed ownership and high proportion of institutional shareholders record a high score of CSP. Strategic posture measured by the implementation of environmental certification standard was positively and significantly related to CSP. Financial performance does not affect significantly the level of CSP.Originality/value– This paper is the first to empirically analyse the relationship between Ullmann’s three-dimensional model and CSP level in the French context. It offers to managers a better understanding of the power that certain stakeholders can use to acquire satisfaction.
What does “corporate governance” actually mean?
Authors: Marie L’Huillier Barbara 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to develop a framework of connotative meanings afforded to the term “corporate governance”.Design/methodology/approach– An examination of academic publications from 1985-2012 containing the term “corporate governance” was conducted. The articles are sorted into the theoretical constructs that influence the contemporary connotative meaning of corporate governance.Findings– That a combination of a weak definitional base coupled with strong motivational forces have aided the development of competing theoretical perspectives of the meaning of corporate governance. The dominant meaning is written from an agency theory perspective.Research limitations/implications– Theoretical analysis was restricted to articles found in academic journals published since 1985.Practical implications– This study provides a very useful analysis into the connotative meanings and theoretical bases used by academic writers in the study of corporate governance.Originality/value– This paper provides an updated and developed analysis to the theoretical dimensions that underpin the contemporary use of the term “corporate governance”.
Helping new executives to hit the ground running
Authors: Writer Freelance 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide an interview with Mark Byford.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study discusses findings from a global survey of 500 executives about how well their needs are met by organizations.

Findings
– This study outlines the importance of providing support for both external and internal hires so that they may integrate into their new roles as quickly as possible.

Practical implications
– This study provides insight for human resource and learning and development professionals on how to ensure that new hires receive the support they need to adapt quickly to a new role or working environment.
Protest of tobacco-free policies on college campuses: a historical analysis
Authors: M. Seitz Christopher , W. Strack Robert 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– Although the threat of protest may be a barrier toward implementing a tobacco policy on college campuses in the USA, the prevalence and severity of such opposition has yet to be investigated. The purpose of this paper was to determine how often campus communities protest against smoke-free policies and rate the disruptiveness of the protests.

Design/methodology/approach
– Researchers located and analyzed news reports regarding 21 protests over newly implemented or proposed policies on college campuses in the USA.

Findings
– Protests over college campus smoking policies are typically non-disruptive and consist of a small group of students who publicly smoke tobacco products and attempt to gain support of fellow students.

Practical implications
– Those advocating for campus tobacco policies should be aware that the campus community may protest, but that a heightened concern of a protest's effect on the campus community may be unfounded.

Originality/value
– To authors’ knowledge, research studies regarding opposition to anti-tobacco policies cannot be found in the literature. This paper may be used as a practical resource by advocates to educate campus administrators about the low turnout and lack of severity of any possible protest to a new campus tobacco policy.
Variational iteration method with He's polynomials for MHD Falkner-Skan flow over permeable wall based on Lie symmetry method
Authors: Eerdun Buhe , Eerdun Qiqige , Huhe Bala , Temuer Chaolu , Wang Jing-Yu 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to consider a steady two-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) Falkner-Skan boundary layer flow of an incompressible viscous electrically fluid over a permeable wall in the presence of a magnetic field.

Design/methodology/approach
– The governing equations of MHD Falkner-Skan flow are transformed into an initial values problem of an ordinary differential equation using the Lie symmetry method which are then solved by He's variational iteration method with He's polynomials.

Findings
– The approximate solution is compared with the known solution using the diagonal Pad’e approximants and the geometrical behavior for the values of various parameters. The results reveal the reliability and validity of the present work, and this combinational method can be applied to other nonlinear boundary layer flow problems.

Originality/value
– In this paper, an approximate analytical solution of the MHD Falkner-Skan flow problem is obtained by combining the Lie symmetry method with the variational iteration method and He's polynomials.