bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface air temperature variability in global climate models
Authors: Davy Richard , Esau Igor 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNew results from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) and multiple global reanalysis datasets are used to investigate the relationship between the mean and standard deviation (SD) in the surface air temperature (SAT) at intra‐ and inter‐annual timescales. A combination of a land–sea mask and orographic filter was used to investigate the geographic region with the strongest correlation and in all cases this was found to be for low‐lying over‐land locations. This result is consistent with the expectation that differences in the effective heat capacity of the atmosphere are an important factor in determining the SAT response to forcing.
Reversible ventricular arrythmia induced by dasatinib
Authors: Spechbach Hervé , Morel Philippe , Lorenzini Kuntheavy Ing , Besson Marie , Gétaz Laurent , Sunthorn Henri , Chalandon Yves 
Published: July 2013

Key Clinical MessageVentricular arrhythmias induced by dasatinib are rare events, but physicians in charge of chronic myeloid leukemia patients should be aware of such potential complications and the need for regular ECG controls during treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
A Parallel Semisynthetic Approach for Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Peptide YY
Authors: Albertsen Louise , Østergaard Søren , Paulsson Johan F. , Norrild Jens Chr. , Strømgaard Kristian 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe gut hormone peptide YY (PYY) is postprandially secreted from enteroendocrine L cells and is involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. The N‐terminal truncated version PYY(3–36) decreases food intake and has potential as an anti‐obesity agent. The anorectic effect of PYY(3–36) is mediated through Y2 receptors in the hypothalamus, vagus, and brainstem regions, and it is well known that the C‐terminal tetrapeptide sequence of PYY(3–36) is crucial for Y2 receptor activation. The aim of this work was to develop a semisynthetic methodology for the generation of a library of C‐terminally modified PYY(3–36) analogues. By using an intein‐based expression system, PYY(3–29) was generated as a C‐terminal peptide α‐thioester. Heptapeptides bearing an N‐terminal cysteine and modifications at one of the four C‐terminal positions were synthesized in a 96‐well plate by parallel solid‐phase synthesis. In the plate format, an array of [Ala30]PYY(3–36) analogues were generated by ligation, desulfurization, and subsequent solid‐phase extraction. The generated analogues, in which either Arg33, Gln34, Arg35, or Tyr36 had been substituted with proteinogenic or non‐proteinogenic amino acids, were tested in a functional Y2 receptor assay. Generally, substitutions of Tyr36 were better tolerated than modifications of Arg33, Gln34, and Arg35. Two analogues showed significantly improved Y2 receptor selectivity; therefore, these results could be used to design new drug candidates for the treatment of obesity.
Determinants of the combined use of external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy for low‐risk, clinically localized prostate cancer
Authors: Quek Ruben G. W. , Master Viraj A. , Ward Kevin C. , Lin Chun Chieh , Virgo Katherine S. , Portier Kenneth M. , Lipscomb Joseph 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDProstate cancer treatment choices have been shown to vary by physician and patient characteristics. For patients with low‐risk, clinically localized prostate cancer, the authors examined the impact of their clinical, sociodemographic, and radiation oncologists' (RO) characteristics on the likelihood that the patients would receive combined external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy, a treatment regimen that is at variance with clinical guidelines.METHODSThe Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare linked database and the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile were used in a retrospective analysis of 5531 patients with low‐risk, clinically localized prostate cancer who were diagnosed between 2004 and 2007, and the 708 ROs who treated them. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between patient and RO characteristics and the use of combined therapy within 6 months of diagnosis.RESULTSOverall, 356 patients (6.4%) received combined therapy. Nonclinical factors were found to be associated with combined therapy. After adjusting for patient and RO characteristics, the odds of receiving combined therapy for patients residing in Georgia were found to be significantly greater than for all other SEER regions. Black patients were significantly less likely to receive combined therapy (odds ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.40‐0.96 [P = .03]) compared with white patients. In addition, ROs accounted for 36.6% of the variation in patients receiving combined therapy.CONCLUSIONSGeographic and sociodemographic factors were found to be significantly associated with guideline‐discordant combined therapy for patients diagnosed with low‐risk, clinically localized prostate cancer. Which RO a patient consults is important in determining whether they receive combined therapy. Cancer 2013;119:3619–3628. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Furfural Production by ‘Acidic Steam Stripping’ of Lignocellulose
Authors: van Buijtenen Jeroen , Lange Jean‐Paul , Espinosa Alonso Leticia , Spiering Wouter , Polmans Rob F. , Haan Rene J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFurfural and acetic acid are produced with approximately 60 and 90 mol % yield, respectively, upon stripping bagasse with a gaseous stream of HCl/steam and condensing the effluent to water/furfural/acetic acid. The reaction kinetics is 1st order in furfural and 0.5th order in HCl. A process concept with full recycling of the reaction effluents is proposed to reduce the energy demand to <10 tonsteam tonfurfural−1 and facilitate the product recovery through a simple liquid/liquid separation of the condensate into a water‐rich and a furfural‐rich phase.
Wild Mice and Cosmic Views
Authors: Morrison Phylis 
Published: July 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Wild Mouse by Irene BradyPaper Movie Machines by Budd WentzCosmic View: The Universe in 40 Jumps by Kees BoekeOne Million by Hendrik HertzbergThe Way Things Work: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Technology Simon & Schuster, 1967Gobble Growl Grunt by Peter Spier8,000 Stones: A Chinese Folktale Told by Diane Wolkstein Illustrated by Ed YoungOut of the Earth I Sing: Poetry and Songs of Primitive Peoples of the World edited by Richard LewisSecrets in Stones by Rose Wyler and Gerald AmesThe Gull's Way by Louis DarlingBefore You Came this Way by Byrd BaylorThe Magic Mirror of M.C. Escher by Bruno ErnstAnimals in Motion by Eadweard Muybridge Edited by Lewis S. BrownMoving the Obelisks by Bern Dibner
Books in Brief
Authors: Marschall Laurence A. 
Published: July 2013

RACE TO THE STRATOSPHERE: Manned Scientific Ballooning in America, by David H. DeVorkin;THE NEXT ONE HUNDRED YEARS: Shaping the Fate of Our Living Earth, by Jonathan Weiner;CAMPING WITH THE PRINCE and Other Tales of Science in Africa, by Thomas A. Bass;SCHRÖDINGER: Life and Thought, by Walter Moore; Cambridge University Press;
Inactivating mutation in histone deacetylase 3 stabilizes its active conformation
Authors: Arrar Mehrnoosh , de Oliveira Cesar Augusto F. , Andrew McCammon J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDACs), together with histone acetyltransferases (HATs), regulate gene expression by modulating the acetylation level of chromatin. HDAC3 is implicated in many important cellular processes, particularly in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, making inhibition of HDAC3 a promising epigenetic treatment for certain cancers. HDAC3 is activated upon complex formation with both inositol tetraphosphate (IP4) and the deacetylase‐activating domain (DAD) of multi‐protein nuclear receptor corepressor complexes. In previous studies, we have shown that binding of DAD and IP4 to HDAC3 significantly restricts its conformational space towards its stable ternary complex conformation, and suggest this to be the active conformation. Here, we report a single mutation of HDAC3 that is capable of mimicking the stabilizing effects of DAD and IP4, without the presence of either. This mutation, however, results in a total loss of deacetylase activity, prompting a closer evaluation of our understanding of the activation of HDAC3.
Amide proton exchange of a dynamic loop in cell extracts
Authors: Smith Austin E. , Sarkar Mohona , Young Gregory B. , Pielak Gary J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntrinsic rates of exchange are essential parameters for obtaining protein stabilities from amide 1H exchange data. To understand the influence of the intracellular environment on stability, one must know the effect of the cytoplasm on these rates. We probed exchange rates in buffer and in Escherichia coli lysates for the dynamic loop in the small globular protein chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 using a modified form of the nuclear magnetic resonance experiment, SOLEXSY. No significant changes were observed, even in 100 g dry weight L−1 lysate. Our results suggest that intrinsic rates from studies conducted in buffers are applicable to studies conducted under cellular conditions.
Structural insight into the evolution of a new chemokine family from zebrafish
Authors: Rajasekaran Deepa , Fan Chengpeng , Meng Wuyi , Pflugrath James W. , Lolis Elias J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe mammalian chemokine family is segregated into four families – CC, CXC, CX3C, and XC—based on the arrangement of cysteines and the corresponding disulfides. Sequencing of the Danio rerio (zebrafish) genome has identified more than double the amount of human chemokines with the absence of the CX3C family and the presence of a new family, CX. The only other family with a single cysteine in the N‐terminal region is the XC family. Human lymphotactin (XCL1) has two interconverting structures due to dynamic changes that occur in the protein. Similar to an experiment with XCL1 that identified the two structural forms, we probed for multiple forms of zCXL1 using heparin affinity. The results suggest only a single form of CXL1 is present. We used sulfur‐SAD phasing to determine the three‐dimensional structure CXL1. Zebrafish CXL1 (zCXL1) has three disulfides that appear to be important for a stable structure. One disulfide is common to all chemokines except those that belong to the XC family, another is similar to a subset of CC chemokines containing three disulfides, but the third disulfide is unique to the CX family. We analyzed the electrostatic potential of the zCXL1 structure and identified the likely heparin‐binding site for glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). zCXL1 has a similar sequence identity with human CCL5 and CXCL12, but the structure is more related to CCL5. Our structural analysis supports the phylogenetic and genomic studies on the evolution of the CXL family. Proteins 2014; 82:708–716. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of an emotional intelligence intervention on aggression and empathy among adolescents
Authors: Castillo Ruth , Salguero José M. , Fernández‐Berrocal Pablo , Balluerka Nekane 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to explore the effects of a two‐year intervention grounded in the ability model of emotional intelligence (EI) on aggression and empathy among adolescents. Eight Spanish public schools volunteered to participate in the research. A total of 590 adolescents (46% boys) were randomly assigned to either the EI training group or control group conditions. Students in the EI training group reported lower levels of physical/verbal aggression, anger, hostility, personal distress and fantasy compared to students in the control group. Additionally, the EI program was particularly effective for males' empathic abilities. These findings confirm the effectiveness of social and emotional learning interventions in Spanish academic contexts and extend the literature of gender‐related differences during adolescence. Study limitations and future research directions are also considered.
A Dialogue Model: The Role of the Domestic Judge in Security Council Decision-Making
Authors: HOVELL DEVIKA 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article proposes a different theoretical account of the role of domestic courts when engaged in judicial review of decision-making by international institutions. Many domestic courts in democratic societies operate in accordance with a ‘public-law model’ when adjudicating questions related to international decision-making, underwritten by respect for doctrines such as the rule of law and separation of powers. Drawing on a case study of domestic-court decisions in the Security Council sanctions context, this article seeks to demonstrate how the public law model's focus on concepts of ‘bindingness’ and hierarchy between judicial and political organs can lead to distorted outcomes when applied to decision-making by international institutions. As an alternative, the author proposes a different theoretical account of the judicial role, described as the ‘dialogue model’, of courts when engaging in the review of Security Council decision-making. The idea is that domestic courts should confine themselves to tools of ‘interpretation’ and ‘declaration’ in their approach to international decision-making, so as to position their judgments in a more theoretically supportable way in the broader legal context.
Eye disease in older people
Authors: Purbrick Robert MJ , Ah-Chan John J , Downes Susan M 
Published: July 2013

SummaryAge-related changes affect all structures of the eye, and while age-related changes may influence the quality of vision, it is important to distinguish age-related physiological changes from pathological changes. This is important particularly when identifying pathological changes that may be treatable. The prevalence of visual loss increases substantially after 60 years of age and poor vision is the second most prevalent physical disability in older people. This review describes the normal ageing changes of the eye and outlines common ophthalmic diseases affecting older people. We refer to recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, and relevant current research.
First Report of Pseudomonas cichorii Causing Leaf Spot of Vegetable Sponge Gourd in China
Authors: Li B. J. , Li H. L. , Shi Y. X. , Xie X. W. 
Published: July 2013

A suspect bacterial leaf spot on vegetable sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrical (L.) Roem.) was found in a commercial greenhouse in Pi County, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China, in February 2011. Approximately 20 to 30% of plants were affected, causing serious economic loss. Symptoms occurred only on seedlings and consisted of water-soaked, irregularly shaped, black lesions on the surface and margins of cotyledons. A bacterium was consistently isolated on nutrient agar from diseased leaf tissues that had been surface disinfected in 70% ethyl alcohol for 30 s. The bacterium produced small gray colonies with smooth margins, was gram negative, fluoresced on King's B medium, and showed pectolytic activity when inoculated on potato slices. The partial sequences of 16SrRNA gene (1,377 bp) of the bacterium (GenBank Accession No. KC762217), amplified by using universal PCR primers 16SF (5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′) and 16SR (5′-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′), shared 100% similarity with that of Pseudomonas cichorii (GenBank Accession No. HM190228). The vegetable sponge gourd isolate was also identified by using the Biolog Microbial Identification System (version 4.2, Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA) as P. cichorii with the following characteristics (1): negative for arginine dihydrolase, gelatin liquefaction, and N2 production. Positive reactions were obtained in tests for catalase, oxidase, potato rot, utilization of melibiose, and mannitol. Tests were negative for utilization of sucrose, trehalose, D-arabinose, raffinose, cellobiose, and rhamnose. A pathogenicity test was conducted on 4-week-old vegetable sponge gourd plants by spray-inoculation with 108 CFU/ml sterile distilled water on the leaves of 15 vegetable sponge gourd plants and by needle puncture on the stems of 15 other plants with P. cichorii, respectively. Control plants were misted with sterile distilled water or punctured on the stem with a clean needle. Plants were placed in a greenhouse maintained at 28 ± 2°C with relative humidity of 80 to 85%. Symptoms, the same as seen on the original diseased plants, developed after 7 to 10 days on inoculated plants. Control plants remained healthy. The bacterium was readily re-isolated from inoculated plants and identified as P. cichorii using P. cichorii-specific primer hrpla/hrp2a (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. cichorii causing disease on commercially grown vegetable sponge gourd in China. This new finding will provide the basis for developing resources for diagnostics and management, including screening varieties for resistance. References: (1) S. Mazurier et al. J. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 49:455, 2004. (2) N. W. Schaad et al., eds. Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, 3rd ed. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, 2001.
Auditing Solomon Islands' health and medical governance
Authors: Brown Alistair M. 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThis paper seeks to analyse the audit findings, by the Auditor General's Office of the Solomon Islands, of the Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Solomon Islands' main health and medical agency that aims to coordinate the country's health and medical services.Design/methodology/approachUsing electronic data from annual reports, audit findings on the Solomon Islands' Ministry of Health and Medical Services are textually analysed over a six year period (2006‐2011) to detect the milieu of reporting by Solomon Islands' main health agency.FindingsOver a six year period, the Ministry of Health and Medical Services consistently found it difficult to generate accurate and timely annual reports as mandated by legislation. Critical governance issues of internal control, asset management, stock control and bank reconciliations are given short shrift by the Ministry.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings presented here are derived exclusively from textual analysis rather than through the medium of open‐ended questionnaires and mixed methodological techniques. However, the paper used authoritative local texts and explanations to overcome these limitations.Practical implicationsIn low‐income countries, audit findings need to be fully integrated in the governance of the national health and medical services. The findings presented here provide practical guidance for those considering developing or improving health and medical services in low‐income countries.Originality/valueLocal audit findings have the major potential for improving health and medical services in low‐income countries within existing resource constraints. The audit findings presented here have relevance to the entirety of health and medical systems in low‐income countries.
Unravelling a web of confusion
Authors: Birnbaum David 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the reporting of quality of care in hospitals.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes the form of a narrative review.FindingsThe American Federal Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality recently conducted a funding opportunity in recognition that the science of public reporting was insufficiently understood, which underlies relatively weak impact to date of public information web sites on hospital quality and safety. Whether the fundamental purpose of such web sites is to inform consumer choices or to stimulate facility leadership toward accelerated quality improvement, which relates to which metrics would be the most appropriate, and whether public audiences perceive concepts of evidence‐based best practices differently from professional audiences, all remain in question. Whether reporting physical harm of adverse events is the best metric, or whether damage to dignity and trust should be included, or whether more holistic measures of institutional culture would be even more meaningful remain in contention. While it is premature to set standards unifying how and what hospital performance measures should be displayed on public information web sites, there are existing efforts to ensure developers can learn from the natural experiment afforded by the current abundance of independently developed North American reporting programs, league tables and public information web sites.Practical implicationsDevelopers of public policy and of electronic health information systems can benefit in terms of efficiency and effectiveness by capitalizing on the recent work of several interdisciplinary teams. They can benefit from the generic approach used by some who are attempting to harmonize the broad range of public health reporting programs' data flow into one use case model capable of accommodating all reporting streams, and from others who are applying evidence‐based criteria to rank public information web sites while also evaluating performance of scoring criteria they are developing from broad principles acquired from various cited sources.Originality/valuePublic trust in healthcare facility quality and safety has fallen into mistrust, and the information web sites developed to address that consumer issue are known to have problems in ease of use, believability and helpfulness. This paper describes recent North American projects that acknowledge those problems but also provide potential paths toward solving them.
Emergent disaster rescue methods and prevention management
Authors: Chou Shuo‐Yan , Chen Dayjian 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThis study is an inquiry into practical solutions in the field of emergent disaster rescue methods and prevention management, and it focuses on planning, real‐time rescue, and emergency management. This study is a conventional writing style. Thus, the purpose of this study is to offer methods for governor reducing disaster losses in terms of human life and livelihoods.Design/methodology/approachThe government should establish permanent disaster recovery institutions, such as disaster recovery coordinators, resource distributors at the provincial or state level, and nodes in districts to manage supplies, rescue activities. During the preparation stage of disaster responses, government offices must prepare the rescue plans and policies for future disasters, as well as create the documents for establishing part‐time civilian and volunteer agreements.FindingsEven though residents suffer tremendous losses in terms of human life, regional administrators are usually and poorly organized at the preparation stage.Practical implicationsDisaster rescue activities depend heavily on civilians and organizations. A disaster rescue manager plays a key role, because he or she has received training in and has become familiar with emergent rescue operations.Originality/valueDisaster rescue management is a valuable topic because it is a globally significant challenge to safeguard people's lives. A complex disaster of earthquakes and tsunamis occurring can give rise to nuclear radiation damage, for example, that occurred in Japan on March 11, 2011, is an illustrative case.