bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Every Woman Needs a Midwife, and Some Women Need a Doctor Too
Authors: Sandall Jane 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGlobal recognition is increasing of the contribution of midwifery services to optimal outcomes for women and babies, and evidence around how to organize services and the roles of maternity providers. However, a sociological analysis can provide some insight into why the role of midwives varies so widely in different countries. Evidence is necessary, but more important is the role of the state in legalizing and financially supporting midwifery practice, how professional boundaries are negotiated in the maternity care domain, and consumer mobilization in support of midwifery and around maternity issues. (BIRTH 39:4 December 2012)
Intimate violence in a specialist college setting: can students with learning difficulties manage themselves?
Authors: Lee Larry L. , Carson Alexander 
Published: November 2012

Accessible summary

Traditional practice, with regard to intimate violence at a specialist college, involves professionals normalising, disciplining and managing students compliance to established norms; however, findings from a 5‐year study indicate students with learning difficulties could manage themselves responsibly if professionals help them increase levels of differentiation from Binary Branding Normality Normalcy, Putative Social Identity and Multi‐dimensional Social Network influences.

AbstractConcerned about practice that attempts to manage acts of intimate violence perpetrated by students with learning difficulties in a specialist college setting; I questioned the extent to which they could manage themselves. Following a methodological review of literature, I used critical conversations with focus groups participants and case study interviewees to consider the sense they make of intimate violence and students managing themselves responsibly in learning environments. Thematic analysis yielded five themes relating to different versions of students acting responsibly and/or irresponsibly: I've got a problem, I told staff, I can't, I'm disabled and I'm not normal. Discursive analysis highlighted five variable acts of resistance: Conditioned‐Response, Role Specific, Inner‐Conflicted, Retreating and Higher Order. These correlate with student's levels of differentiation from Binary Branding Normality Normalcy, Putative Social Identity and Multi‐dimensional Social Network influences. In response to their subordinate position in learning environments, some students, via Variable Processes of Learning Disability Culture, use Defensive Disability Language, Defensive Positional Stances and Power Plays to assert their power over professionals; nevertheless, when invited to engage nondefensively, some students could, as evidenced by focus groups discussions and a case study example, manage themselves responsibly.
Exhaled breath analysis by electronic nose in airways disease. Established issues and key questions
Authors: Fens N. , van der Schee M. P. , Brinkman P. , Sterk P. J. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryExhaled air contains many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are the result of normal and disease‐associated metabolic processes anywhere in the body. Different omics techniques can assess the pattern of these VOCs. One such omics technique suitable for breath analysis is represented by electronic noses (eNoses), providing fingerprints of the exhaled VOCs, called breathprints. Breathprints have been shown to be altered in different disease states, including in asthma and COPD. This review describes the current status on clinical validation and application of breath analysis by electronic noses in the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic airways diseases. Furthermore, important methodological issues including breath sampling, modulating factors and incompatibility between eNoses are raised and discussed. Next steps towards clinical application of electronic noses are provided, including further validation in suspected disease, assessment of the influence of different comorbidities, the value in longitudinal monitoring of patients with asthma and COPD and the possibility to predict treatment responses. Eventually, a Breath Cloud may be constructed, a large database containing disease‐specific breathprints. When collaborative efforts are put into optimization of this technique, it can provide a rapid and non‐invasive first line diagnostic test.
Autonomic nervous system profile in fibromyalgia patients and its modulation by exercise: a mini review
Authors: Kulshreshtha Poorvi , Deepak Kishore K. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThis review imparts an impressionistic tone to our current understanding of autonomic nervous system abnormalities in fibromyalgia. In the wake of symptoms present in patients with fibromyalgia (FM), autonomic dysfunction seems plausible in fibromyalgia. A popular notion is that of a relentless sympathetic hyperactivity and hyporeactivity based on heart rate variability (HRV) analyses and responses to various physiological stimuli. However, some exactly opposite findings suggesting normal/hypersympathetic reactivity in patients with fibromyalgia do exist. This heterogeneous picture along with multiple comorbidities accounts for the quantitative and qualitative differences in the degree of dysautonomia present in patients with FM. We contend that HRV changes in fibromyalgia may not actually represent increased cardiac sympathetic tone. Normal muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and normal autonomic reactivity tests in patients with fibromyalgia suggest defective vascular end organ in fibromyalgia. Previously, we proposed a model linking deconditioning with physical inactivity resulting from widespread pain in patients with fibromyalgia. Deconditioning also modulates the autonomic nervous system (high sympathetic tone and a low parasympathetic tone). A high peripheral sympathetic tone causes regional ischaemia, which in turn results in widespread pain. Thus, vascular dysregulation and hypoperfusion in patients with FM give rise to ischaemic pain leading to physical inactivity. Microvascular abnormalities are also found in patients with FM. Therapeutic interventions (e.g. exercise) that result in vasodilatation and favourable autonomic alterations have proven to be effective. In this review, we focus on the vascular end organ in patients with fibromyalgia in particular and its modulation by exercise in general.
Growth differentiation factor 5 modulation of chondrogenesis of self‐assembled constructs involves gap junction‐mediated intercellular communication
Authors: Sun Zhibo , Zhang Yukun , Yang Shuhua , Jia Jie , Ye Shunan , Chen Dong , Mo Fengbo 
Published: November 2012

A novel scaffold‐free self‐assembled cartilage construct has been generated and used to repair particular chondral defects effectively. However, the mechanisms related to the construction of these self‐assembled cartilages have not yet been fully elucidated. We hypothesize that gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) plays a critical role in the development of self‐assembled constructs upon GDF‐5 induction. In this study, we investigated the effect of connexin 43 (C×43) mediated GJIC on GDF‐5 modulation of chondrogenesis from two aspects, cell monolayer culture and 3‐D self‐assembly culture. We induced cells or self‐assembled constructs with chondrogenic media (CM), growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF‐5) or 1‐heptanol for 3 weeks. At the end of that time, the results of quantitative fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching (FRAP) assay and immunofluorescence demonstrated that GDF‐5 improved both GJIC and chondrogenic differentiation to a significant degree while 1‐heptanol nearly offset the expected improvements in chondrogenesis. Biochemical assay and histology showed that GDF‐5 can obviously enhance GAG, C×43 and type II collagen expressions. Conversely, we also showed that while 1‐heptanol weakened GAG and type II collagen expression in self‐assembled constructs, it had no effect on C×43 expression. Furthermore, real‐time polymerase chain reaction showed that GDF‐5 enhanced GAG and type II collagen transcription while 1‐heptanol reduced them, but was affectless on C×43 transcription. This suggests that the generation of scaffold‐free self‐assembled cartilage from human mesenchymal stem cells upon GDF‐5 induction may be mediated, at least in part, via the modulation of GJIC.
A perceptual discrimination task results in greater facilitation of voluntary saccades in Parkinson's disease patients
Authors: van Stockum Saskia , MacAskill Michael R. , Myall Daniel , Anderson Tim J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMany studies have shown that Parkinson's disease (PD) affects not only the ability to generate voluntary saccades but also the ability to suppress reflexive saccades (hyper‐reflexivity). To further investigate these apparently contradictory effects of PD on the saccade system we adapted a well‐known dual‐task paradigm (Deubel, 2008) to measure saccades with and without a peripheral discrimination task. Previously we reported that the concurrent performance of a perceptual discrimination task abnormally reduced the latencies of reflexive saccades in PD. Here we report the effects of the concurrent discrimination task on the generation of voluntary saccades in a PD and a control group. As expected, when saccades were performed without the discrimination task the PD group made voluntary saccades with longer latencies and smaller gain than the control group. The concurrent performance of the perceptual discrimination task facilitated the initiation of voluntary saccades in both groups, but, surprisingly, this facilitatory effect was stronger in the PD group than in the control group. In addition, in the PD group voluntary saccades were abnormally facilitated by the peripheral symbol‐changes that occur during saccade planning in this paradigm. The results of this study may help to clarify apparently contradictory oculomotor abnormalities observed in PD.
The effects of dexketoprofen on duration of analgesia to a thermal stimulus when compared with a systemic control in a rat sciatic nerve block with levobupivacaine
Authors: Kara Inci , Apiliogullari Seza , Bagcı Taylan Sengal , Bariskaner Hulagu , Celik Jale Bengi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate whether dexketoprofen added to perineuraly or subcutaneously alters the effects of levobupivacaine in a rat model of sciatic nerve blockade. Thirty‐six rats received unilateral sciatic nerve blocks along with a subcutaneous injection by a blinded investigator assigned at random. Combinations were as follows: Group 1 (sham) perineural and subcutaneous saline; Group 2, perineural levobupivacaine alone and subcutaneous saline; Group 3, perineural levobupivacaine plus dexketoprofen and subcutaneous saline; Group 4, perineural levobupivacaine and subcutaneous dexketoprofen; Group 5, perineural dexketoprofen and subcutaneous saline; and Group 6, perineural saline and subcutaneous dexketoprofen. The levobupivacaine concentration was fixed at 0.05%, and the dose of dexketoprofen was 1 mg kg−1. Sensory analgesia was assessed by paw withdrawal latency to a thermal stimulus every 30 min. The unblocked paw served as the control for the assessment of systemic, centrally mediated analgesia. Perineural and subcutaneous dexketoprofen coadministered with perineural levobupivacaine did not enhance the duration of sensory blockade when compared with levobupivacaine alone. There were significant differences between the operative and control paws for time points 30–90 min in the perineural levobupivacaine alone, levobupivacaine + dexketoprofen and subcutaneous dexketoprofen added levobupivacaine group. Significant differences were not determined between the levobupivacaine alone group and dexketoprofen added groups in operative paw. The effects of dexketoprofen are unknown for perineural administration. There is no significant difference between the analgesic effects of peripheral nerve blocks using levobupivacaine alone and plus subcutaneous or perineural dexketoprofen.
Convergences and divergences of diabetic patients' and healthcare professionals' opinions of care: a qualitative study
Authors: Lauvergeon Stéphanie , Mettler Désirée , Burnand Bernard , Peytremann‐Bridevaux Isabelle 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate opinions' convergences and divergences of diabetic patients and health‐care professionals on diabetes care and the development of a regional diabetes programme.BackgroundDevelopment and implementation of a regional diabetes programme.Research designQualitative study using focus groups to elicit diabetic patients' and health‐care professionals' opinions, followed by content analysis.Setting and participantsEight focus groups: four focus groups with diabetic patients (n = 39) and four focus groups with various health‐care professionals (n = 34) residing or practicing in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, respectively.ResultsPerceived quality of diabetes care varied between individuals and types of participants. To improve quality, patients favoured a comprehensive follow‐up while professionals suggested considering existing structures and trained professionals. All participants mentioned communication difficulties between professionals and were favouring teamwork. In addition, they described the role that patients should have in care and self‐management. Financial difficulties were also mentioned by both groups of participants. Finally, they were in favour of the development of a regional diabetes programme adapted to actors' needs. For patients indeed, such a programme would represent an opportunity to improve information and to have access to comprehensive care. For professionals, it would help the development of local networks and the reinforcement of existing tools and structures.Discussion and conclusionsAcknowledging convergences and divergences of opinions of both diabetic patients and health‐care professionals should help the further development of a programme adapted to users' needs, taking all stakeholders interests and priorities into consideration.
Delayed emergence of oseltamivir‐resistant seasonal influenza A (H1N1) and pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in Myanmar
Authors: Dapat Clyde , Saito Reiko , Kyaw Yadanar , Myint Yi Yi , Oo Htun Naing , Oo Khin Yi , Naito Makoto , Hasegawa Go , Dapat Isolde C. , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: November 2012

Please cite this paper as: Dapat et al. (2012) Delayed emergence of oseltamivir‐resistant seasonal influenza A (H1N1) and pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in Myanmar. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/irv.12030.The prevalence and timing of emergence of oseltamivir‐resistant seasonal and pandemic influenza A (H1N1) viruses in Myanmar in 2008 and 2009 are described in this report. In 2008, the oseltamivir‐resistant seasonal H1N1 virus was detected at a lower rate (6%) and emerged at least 2 months later when compared with neighboring countries. Similarly, the prevalence of pandemic H1N1 virus was low (3%) and the timing of emergence was late (August 2009) in Myanmar. Interestingly, we detected three isolates that were resistant to both amantadine and oseltamivir. Limited movement of people into the country is attributed to the delayed emergence of drug‐resistant seasonal and pandemic A(H1N1) viruses.
Quaternary coastal lithofacies, sequence development and stratigraphy in a passive margin setting, North Carolina and Virginia, USA
Authors: PARHAM PETER R. , RIGGS STANLEY R. , CULVER STEPHEN J. , MALLINSON DAVID J. , JACK RINK W. , BURDETTE KEVIN 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLithofacies analysis is fundamental to unravelling the succession of depositional environments associated with sea‐level fluctuations. These successions and their timing are often poorly understood. This report defines lithofacies encountered within the north‐eastern North Carolina and south‐eastern Virginia Quaternary section, interprets their depositional environments, presents a model for coastal depositional sequence development in a passive margin setting and uses this understanding to develop the stratigraphy and Quaternary evolutionary history of the region. Data were obtained from numerous drill cores and outcrops. Chronology was based on age estimates acquired using optically stimulated luminescence, amino acid racemization, Uranium series and radiocarbon dating techniques. Geomorphic patterns were identified and interpreted using light detection and ranging imagery. Since lithofacies occurrence, distribution and stratigraphic patterns are different on interfluves than in palaeo‐valleys, this study focused on interfluves to obtain a record of highstand sea‐level cycles with minimal alteration by fluvial processes during subsequent lowstands. Nine primary lithofacies and four diagenetic facies were identified in outcrops and cores. The uppermost depositional sequence on interfluves exhibits an upward succession from shelly marine lithofacies to tidal estuarine lithofacies and is bounded below by a marine ravinement surface and above by the modern land surface. Older depositional sequences in the subsurface are typically bounded above and below by marine ravinement surfaces. Portions of seven depositional sequences were recognized and interpreted to represent deposition from late middle Pleistocene to present. Erosional processes associated with each successive depositional sequence removed portions of older depositional sequences. The stratigraphic record of the most recent sea‐level highstands (Marine Isotope Stage 5a and Marine Isotope Stage 3) is best preserved. Glacio‐isostatic adjustment has influenced depositional patterns so that deposits associated with late Quaternary sea‐level highstands (Marine Isotope Stages 5c, 5a and 3), which did not reach as high as present sea‐level according to equatorial eustatic records, are uplifted and emergent within the study area.
The role of the tolerance–fecundity trade‐off in maintaining intraspecific seed trait variation in a widespread dimorphic herb
Authors: Villellas J. , García M. B. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCoexistence of species with different seed sizes is a long‐standing issue in community ecology, and a trade‐off between fecundity and stress tolerance has been proposed to explain co‐occurrence in heterogeneous environments. Here we tested an intraspecific extension of this model: whether such trade‐off also explains seed trait variation among populations of widespread plants under stress gradients. We collected seeds from 14 populations of Plantago coronopus along the Atlantic coast in North Africa and Europe. This herb presents seed dimorphism, producing large basal seeds with a mucilaginous coat that facilitates water absorption (more stress tolerant), and small apical seeds without coats (less stress tolerant). We analysed variation among populations in number, size and mucilage production of basal and apical seeds, and searched for relationships between local environment and plant size. Populations under higher stress (higher temperature, lower precipitation, lower soil organic matter) had fewer seeds per fruit, higher predominance of basal relative to apical seeds, and larger basal seeds with thicker mucilaginous coats. These results strongly suggest a trade‐off between tolerance and fecundity at the fruit level underpins variation in seed traits among P. coronopus populations. However, seed production per plant showed the opposite pattern to seed production per fruit, and seemed related to plant size and other life‐cycle components, as an additional strategy to cope with environmental variation across the range. The tolerance–fecundity model may constitute, under stress gradients, a broader ecological framework to explain trait variation than the classical seed size–number compromise, although several fecundity levels and traits should be considered to understand the diverse strategies of widespread plants to maximise fitness in each set of local conditions.
Mating in the pseudogamic apomicticAnemopaegma acutifoliumDC: another case of pseudo‐self‐compatibility inBignoniaceae?
Authors: Sampaio D. S. , Bittencourt Jr N. S. , Oliveira P. E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSelf‐compatibility in apomictic pseudogamic species is considered fundamental to assure reproduction by seeds in extreme situations, making apomictic species more advantageous than sexual ones in these scenarios.Anemopaegma acutifoliumis a polyploidy, apomictic sporophytic species with no endosperm development in ovules of unpollinated pistils, which indicates obligate pseudogamy. Thus, the aim of the present work is to study the breeding system and post‐pollination events to test if there is similar pseudogamous development irrespective of pollination treatment. We analysed fruit and seed set obtained in controlled experimental pollinations, as well as embryo number per seed, and the progress of ovule penetration, fertilisation and early endosperm development between self‐ and cross‐pollinated pistils. We found that the species is self‐fertile and that spontaneous selfing fruit set is also possible, although emasculated flowers never form fruits. Selfed pistils were as efficient as crossed ones for all parameters analysed, except for a delay in endosperm development observed in the former that may be an effect of the late‐acting self‐incompatibility. Therefore, the avoidance of selfed pistil abortion seems to be promoted by the presence of adventitious embryos and a normal endosperm. We conclude thatA. acutifoliumshows apomixis‐related pseudo‐self‐compatibility, as in other self‐fertile apomictic species of Bignoniaceae, which confer reproductive assurance and increases fruit‐set and persistence ability in fast‐changing tropical habitats.
Benefits of the fiber optic versus the electret microphone in voice amplification
Authors: Kyriakou Kyriaki , Fisher Hélène R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundVoice disorders that result in reduced loudness may cause difficulty in communicating, socializing and participating in occupational activities. Amplification is often recommended in order to facilitate functional communication, reduce vocal load and avoid developing maladaptive compensatory behaviours. The most common microphone used with amplification systems is the electret microphone. One alternate form of microphone is the fiber optic microphone.AimsTo examine the benefits of the fiber optic (1190S) versus the electret (M04) microphone as measured by objective and subjective parameters in the amplification of a patient's voice with reduced loudness caused by neurological and/or respiratory‐based problems.Methods & ProceduresEighteen patients with vocal fold paralysis, Parkinson's disease and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) participated in the study. The study contained a measurement of intensity, amplitude perturbation and signal‐to‐noise ratio during a sustained vowel production and a measurement of intensity during conversation with the use of the two microphones simultaneously. It also included the completion of a questionnaire indicating the patient's satisfaction with each microphone.Outcomes & ResultsThe fiber optic (1190S) microphone had better objective acoustic performance (i.e. lower amplitude perturbation, higher signal‐to‐noise ratio and higher intensity) than the electret (M04) microphone. It also had better patient subjective satisfaction (i.e. less conspicuousness, more voice clarity, less acoustic feedback, more loudness and more utilization) than the electret microphone.Conclusions & ImplicationsPatients with neurological and/or respiratory‐based voice problems may more confidently and frequently use the fiber optic microphone to communicate, socialize and participate in occupational activities more easily. Speech–language pathologists may more confidently use or recommend the fiber optic microphone with amplification systems.