bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic syndrome – a risky combination
Authors: Şuţa R. S. , Şuţa Cristina 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is characterized by a cluster of related clinical, anthropometric and biochemical features such as central obesity, dysglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. It is highly prevalent in the general population (approximately 22%), with differences in relation to race, gender, and age. It carries an increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, which makes an early and correct assessment mandatory. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is very high in type 2 diabetes patients, in whom it influences the risk of chronic complications. The aim of the present report is to explore the characteristics and the combination types of the metabolic syndrome and to assess the cardiovascular risk in patients presenting this clinical entity. 329 patients consecutively diagnosed with metabolic syndrome were included in the study, both men and women, no limit regarding age. Patient selection was made during the periodic medical visits in the outpatient clinics of Diabetes, Cardiology and Internal Medicine. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was diagnosed according to 2005 International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Criteria. Women were more frequent than men, mean age was 59.08±888 and they all had central obesity (it is the major criteria of 2005 IDF definition for MetS) .The diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome was fulfilled with only 3 criteria, most of the times. The complete metabolic syndrome was the rarest, less than 25% of the patients presenting all 5 definition criteria and it was more frequent among men (men 39.2% vs women 15.9%: p < 0.0001). Apart from central obesity, which is mandatory for diagnosing MetS and thus present in all patients, arterial hypertension is the most common finding in our study population, with impaired glycaemia and increased triglycerides occupying the second and third place, respectively. Central obesity, arterial hypertension and impaired glycaemia represent the most frequent combination, a real „hard core” of MetS.
As expected, the cardiovascular risk was high in the study population. The cardiovascular „score” of our patients increased significantly with the number of components used for the diagnosis of MetS (MetS with 3 elements vs MetS with 4 elements vs MetS with 5 elements: SCORE - 5.36 ± 7.07 vs 7.66 ± 8.63 vs 8.52 ± 8.34, p < 0.01).
Aberrant right subclavian artery - a marker for chromosomal abnormalities?
Authors: Ionescu C.A. , Pacu Irina , Haradja H 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The aberrant right subclavian artery or the aberrant right subclavian artery syndrome is a rare anatomical variant of the right subclavian artery origin but it is the most common form of congenital anomaly of the aortic arch. The normal or abnormal appearance of the aortic arch can be explained by the regression or the persistence of one or other of the two embryonic aortic arches. The regression of the right aortic arch after the origin of the right subclavian artery will result in a normal aspect of left aortic arch with normal vascular anatomy. While the right ductus arteriosus is regressing, the left one persists. This anomaly is apparently found in the general population in approximately 0.5-1.4% of the cases and in approximately 3% of cases with congenital heart malformations. The present review is focus on the prevalence of aberrant right subclavian artery in Down syndrome. Until present it is known that ultrasound evaluation in the screening programs for Down syndrome is of uncertain value and studies on larger number of cases are reconsidered. In addition we suggest that the echocardiographic examination in the first and second trimesters should be included as a first step of the diagnosis in such congenital anomalies.
Retinol, cholecalciferol and alpha-tocopherol contents of Bulgarian Black Sea fish species
Authors: Stancheva Mona , Dobreva Diana A. , Galunska Bistra 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to determine and to compare the content of retinol, cholecalciferol and alpha-tocopherol in edible tissue of two Black sea fishes - Garfish (Belone belone) and Turbot (Psetta maxima). All-trans-retinol (vitamin A), cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) were analyzed simultaneously using HPLC/UV/FL system (Thermo Scientific Spectra SYSTEM) equipped with RP analytical column. The mobile phase was composed of 97:3 = MeOH:H2O. Retinol and cholecalciferol were monitored by UV detection at lmax = 325 nm and lmax = 265 nm, respectively. Alpha-tocopherol was detected by fluorescence at lex=288 nm and lem=332 nm. The sample preparation procedure includes alkaline saponification, followed by liquid-liquid extraction. Quantities of all-trans-retinol and cholecalciferol were higher in garfish tissues while alpha-tocopherol content in turbot showed seven times higher values.
Green synthesis of cyclohexanone glycerol ketal catalyzed by a solid superacid
Authors: Oprescu Elena-Emilia , Stepan Emil , Rosca Paul , Radu Adrian , Enăşcuţă Cristina-Emanuela 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This paper discusses the synthesis of a glycerol ketal compound obtained from condensation reaction of cyclohexanone with glycerol catalyzed by a solid superacid. The solid superacid SO42-/TiO2-La2O3 was prepared using coprecipitation and impregnation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The surface acidity was measured by thermogravimetric analysis of adsorbed n-butylamine. In order to achieve the optimal reaction conditions, five impact factors: molar ratio of glycerol to cyclohexanone, catalyst calcination temperature, reaction time, catalyst amount and molar ratio of Ti/La were investigated in the experiments. Synthesized ketal compounds were analyzed by GC-MS/MS. Under the best conditions, the cyclohexanone glycerol ketal yield could reach up to 97%.
Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in marine fish
Authors: Georgieva Stanislava , Stancheva Mona , Makedonski Lubomir 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (such as 1,1,1-trichloro - 2,2 - bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) and its metabolites) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are classified as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and are present in the contamination pattern of marine environments world-wide. Concentrations of PCBs and DDTs were measured in two marine species: garfish (Belone belone) and red mullet (Mullus barbatus). Samples were collected from Black Sea, Bulgaria during 2007 - 2010. The DDTs and PCBs were determined by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Concentrations in muscle tissue of garfish ranged from 80.89 to 118.04 ng/g wet weight for total DDTs. DDTs concentration in red mullet was found 104.59 ng/g ww. PCB concentrations in garfish varied in the range of 40.04 and 65.62 ng/g ww. In muscle tissue of red mullet PCB concentrations were found 34.12 ng/g ww. The levels of DDTs and PCBs in garfish and red mullet from the Black Sea were comparable with those found in other marine ecosystem.
Estimation of heavy metals in medicinal plants and their infusions
Authors: Diaconu Diana , Diaconu Rodica , Navrotescu Tinca 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMedicinal plants and their extracts deserve special attention because of the important influence they have to human health. There are easily contaminated with metals during growth, development and processing. The aim of this study was to achieve the quantitative determination of metallic elements (Cu, Cr, Cd, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb) in some medicinal plants including Mentha piperita L., Matricaria camomilla L., Hypericum perforatum L., Achillea millefolium L., Thymusserpillum, Capsella-bursa-pastoris L., Urtica dioica L., Primula veris L., Plantago major L., Taraxacum officinalis L., and their infusions, using flame absorption spectrometry. The highest concentration of metal in medicinal plants was that of iron 333.22 ± 35.18 mg Kg-1 and zinc 244.90 ± 32.13 mg Kg-1. Metal content in the powdered medicinal plants was in descending order: Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Cr; Pb and Cd were present in minor amounts. Analysis of plant infusions showed transfer of heavy metals during extraction procedure. Monitoring the content of mineral elements in medicinal plants and their boiling water extracts is of high importance because some heavy metals in large quantities in the body may have a toxic effect.
Corrosion behavior of steel in biodiesel of different origin
Authors: Sterpu Ancaelena-Eliza , Dumitru Anca Iuliana , Popa Mihai-Florinel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study aims to characterize the corrosion behavior of steel by static immersion tests in biodiesel obtained from three different types of vegetable oils (sunflower oil, rapeseed oil and corn oil) at room temperature for 49 days. At the end of the test, corrosion behavior was investigated by weight loss measurements and changes in physical and chemical properties of biodiesel. Biodiesel samples were analyzed to investigate density, dynamic viscosity, acidity index, refractive index and saponification index. Results showed that under the experimental conditions, steel was more susceptible to corrosion in biodiesel from corn oil as compared to biodiesel from sunflower oil and rapeseed oil.
La tour maîtresse du donjon de Loches
Authors: Mesqui Jean 
Published: April 2013

La tour maîtresse du Donjon de Loches, par Jean Mesqui.
La tour maîtresse de Loches constitue, parmi les monuments que l'on appelle communément les « donons romans » l'un des plus imposants et les plus remarquables par ses dimensions et la qualité de sa mise en œuvre. Elle se présente sous la forme de deux tours à contreforts juxtaposées pourvues de trois étages sur cave ; la grosse tour contenait trois niveaux de grandes salles superposées, chacune d'entre elles étant dotées d'une cheminée, alors que la petite tour superposait l'escalier principal d'accès, une chambre d'honneur, la chapelle et une autre chambre.
L'analyse archéologique détaillée, aidée par plusieurs campagnes de dendrochronologie, autorisent à penser que cette tour maîtresse a été construite dans la première moitié du XIe siècle, constituant ainsi l'un des premiers exemples connus de palais-tours à développement vertical affirmé. Cette datation permet de réviser tant la chronologie des « donjons romans » que celle de l'utilisation du moyen appareil dans l'architecture du XIe siècle.
Pourquoi lire Cesare Brandi ?
Authors: Ponsot Patrick 
Published: April 2013

La comparaison des « systèmes de production de la restauration » des monuments, en Italie et en France, met en évidence les qualités et les inerties propres à chaque pays. Quelques pistes apparaissent ainsi pour expliquer pourquoi, quarante ans après l'adoption d'une méthodologie commune — la Charte de Venise convention internationale qui s'impose aux Etats —, leurs pratiques sont toujours disparates. La spécificité française (un service des Monuments historiques qui confond parfois la conservation des métiers avec celle des œuvres) prend ainsi un singulier relief.
Replacer dans une perspective historique la Théorie de la restauration de Brandi, support théorique de la Charte de Venise (traduit en français en 2000 seulement), permet peut-être de reposer le problème de la place du débat public dans la conservation d'un « bien commun fragile », le patrimoine artistique.
Claude Perrault et le Louvre de Louis XIV. À propos de deux livres récents
Authors: Cojannot Alexandre 
Published: April 2013

Claude Perrault und der Louvre Ludwigs XLV. Zu zwei kürzlich erschienenen Büchern.
Zwei kürzlich erschienene Publikationen handeln von der Errichtung des Louvre im 17. Jahrhundert und zeigen die sich ergebende Notwendigkeit einer Synthese zu diesem Thema auf. Zugleich kommen sie dazu, bestimmte Schwachpunkte der Forschung in diesem Gebiet zu betonen, die sich allzu häufig nur der Stück-tür-Stück-Analyse graphischer Quellen gewidmet hat. Diesbezüglich erscheint es unabdingbar, die Zuschreibungsfrage im Ganzen wieder aufzugreifen, wie das Beispiel von traditionellerweise Sébastien Leclerc zugeschriebenen Zeichnungen erweist, zu denen wir hier vorschlagen, sie Claude Perrault zurückzugeben. Desgleichen erlaubt das Nachdenken über sekundäre Gestalten der Geschichte des Louvre, wie den Unternehmer Pierre Bréau und den Architekten François Le Vau, eine bessere Kenntnis des komplexen historischen Rahmens der Baustelle und der Verwaltung der königlichen Bauten unter Jean- Baptiste Colbert, unabdingbare Voraussetzung für jede Synthese über den Louvre Ludwigs XIV.
Le chevet de la cathédrale du Mans. Recherches sur le premier projet
Authors: Bouttier Michel 
Published: April 2013

La construction du chœur de la cathédrale du Mans, entamée entre 1217 et 1221 , commença par les chapelles. Toutes les études antérieures l'ont indiqué mais, d'après l'analyse archéologique, les chapelles subirent de profonds remaniements dès leur achèvement. Les soubassements furent consolidés et des fenêtres condamnées afin d'établir des culées d'arcs-boutants non prévues.
Par ailleurs, un bref regard sur la situation socio-économique et culturelle du Mans montre que rien n'était particulièrement favorable à l'ouverture d une grande entreprise. Il s agissait, à cette époque, d'achever la reconstruction de la cathédrale du XIIe siècle qui possédait déjà sa nef et son transept. Un sanctuaire et un chœur devaient donc s'y raccorder avec une structure identique, sans organe de contrebutement. C'est l'avènement de l'évêque Geoffroy de Loudun en 1234 qui fit basculer le projet en faisant des chapelles la première campagne d'une nouvelle cathédrale.
Edward Gibbon, du Déclin et Chute aux Mémoires et vice versa
Authors: Dabdab Trabulsi José Antonio 
Published: April 2013

José Antonio Dabdab Trabulsi, Edward Gibbon, from Decline and Fall to the Memoirs and vice versa, DHA 32/1, 2006, 101-120.
Abstract: Gibbon offers us something quite rare concerning great historians : his great work about the Decline and Fall and his Memoirs, with the way he uses them about many aspects of his life and about his great book. So we have the opportunity of confronting some of his opinions, clearly expressed in his Memoirs, with its use in the construction of the Decline and Fall. We will try in this article a study on the relations between History and Memoirs as distinct and related literary genres.
La place de l'esclave dans le ius obligationum romain
Authors: Mignot Aimé 
Published: April 2013

Dom A. Mignot, The slave in the Roman tus obligations, DHA 33/1, 2007, 85-98.
Abstract: The capacity of the slave, even reduced, lies in that of the master. Legally, at Rome, the slave is alienated from all rights, he is an object of law, but he has sometimes been included in the category of the homines. It would be pointless to define his patrimonial rights or those linked to natural freedom, since these issues have already been largely debated. However, it may be interesting to examine the different ways Ancient or classic law scholars have dealt with the person of the slave through the different obligations and actions arising from the ius obligations. His economic importance as well as his activity as a tool, as his master's surrogate, has largely oriented the Roman law. Object of contract or simple agent in rebus of the master, the slave appears under two different aspects which reveal the evolution of the law and of the Roman mentality.
L'Histoire Auguste (trig. tyr. 24,5) et la date de deux notices du Liber coloniarum I
Authors: Ratti Stéphane 
Published: April 2013

Stéphane Ratti, l'Histoire Auguste (trig. tyr. 24, 5) et la date de deux notices du Liber coloniarum I, DHA 33/1, 2007, 115-124.
Résumé : La rédaction des notices du Liber coloniarum I relatives au Picenum et à la Valeria doit être placée après le 1er décembre 399 et avant le 19 novembre 400.
Anciens et Modernes : Machiavel et la lecture polybienne de l'histoire
Authors: Guelfucci Marie-Rose 
Published: April 2013

Marie-Rose Guelfucci, Anciens et Modernes : Machiavel et la lecture polybienne de l'histoire, DHA 34/1, 2008, 85-104.
Résumé : Le présent article se propose de reprendre, mais sous un angle polybien, le problème de l'influence qu'ont pu avoir le livre VI de Polybe et, plus précisément, la théorie de l'anacyclose sur Machiavel, qui ne lisait pas le grec et avait recours à des médiateurs. En soulignant ce point, nous voudrions montrer que si Machiavel et Polybe construisent différemment leur interprétation de l'histoire romaine, ce n'est pas tant en raison de deux philosophies de l'histoire qui seraient antinomiques que de deux situations historiques très différentes et de la médiation des sources. Machiavel, qui connaît et cite Polybe par ailleurs, reprend au livre VI l'indication des luttes qui ont conduit Rome à la constitution mixte et perçoit très finement, dans la compensation même des pouvoirs, le risque d'un dysfonctionnement. Pourtant, il n'en a pas moins négligé ou mal compris certains passages, ceux-là mêmes, cependant, où Polybe, par souci d'exactitude, joue sur l'étymologie des termes grecs.
Gadès et les précédents des attributions politiques des praefecti praesidii républicains
Authors: Ñaco Del Hoyo Toni 
Published: April 2013

Toni Ñaco del Hoyo, Gades and the precedents of the political functions of Republican praefecti praesidii, DHA 35/1, 2009, 95-113.
Abstract : Roman Republican military culture implies the establishment of military garrisons in the cities, In 1953 G.Tibiletti compared the most likely political functions of the 'eparchos' sent to Messambria in 73-72BC with those the Roman prefect in charge of the Hispanic town of Gades (206-199 BC), whose abuses aroused complaints. The Second Punic War gives us many useful insights lor a better understanding of the political functions of those garrison chiefs, particularly taking the Gades study case in mind. Along with Hannibal's extreme pressure on Italy, Rome needed to secure strategically and logistically its positions by the extensive use of garrisons, whose existence is sometimes known only by their commanders' names. Equally, there is enough evidence to show the abuse in power of some prefects, becoming as a whole a bad foretaste in the provincial administration to follow.
Éléments de comparaison internationale des coûts et marges bancaires
Authors: Szymczak Philippe 
Published: April 2013

Elements of an International Comparison of Banking Costs and Margins
Given the current transformations of the payments and financing systems and the internationalization of the supply of banking services, it is interesting to draw a comparative picture of the costs of national financial transaction systems and banking costs and margins.
Such a comparison brings up a number of practical problems. Not a single available statistic measures directly the cost of financial transactions (reduction of transaction costs, improvement in the collection and processing of data, the spreading of risks, rescheduling). Also, the structures and modalities of functioning, not to mention accounting systems, differ from one country to another.
In addition, an accurate measure of financial transaction costs can only be approximated with the use of indicators based on the data of national accounting systems and bank accounting. The article analyzes the relations between a diversity of indicators such as estimated production of banking services, GDP, total assets of fiancial institutions, interest margins, gross operating results, profits, working capital, etc. – all this for both the total of all commercial banks and also for only the largest commercial banks. It is thus shown that French banks, in the period 1980-84, occupied, in most relationships, the median among the large industrial economies.
The differing position of French banks in relation to those in other economies can be explained, at least partially, by the differences in the structure of remunerations for services rendered and in the differing density of bank counters. It might be said that the recent tendency of French banks in emphasizing closer control over operating costs, diversifying of their services and revenues, and in modifying rates charges for services represent, in light of the indicators studied, a standardization of the operating conditions of the French system of banking transactions in comparison to its foreign counterparts.
Du bon usage des réserves obligatoires
Authors: Patat Jean-Pierre 
Published: April 2013

On the Proper Use of Requirement Reserves
Requirement reserves were established in France in 1967 only, and have been used since for various purposes. First they were based on deposits, then were extended to credit. From 1972 to 1986, a progressive rate turned them into a penalty, as an auxiliary of credit control system. Together with the regrouping of capital market, they are becoming a tool for monetary policy.
Requirement reserves are a means to increase the bank's need for liquidity, as well as the uncertainty about the costs of such needs. In a way they have an effect on banks's credit supply, by prompting them to cut on new credits and seek for non monetary income.
In France, their main part was to act on credit cost. They could not actually slow down monetary expansion. Proportional requirement reserves therefore were somewhat forgotten, when in 1985 their rates were increased because of the financial mutation - creation of financial instruments, opening of markets, thanks to which this kind of monetary control became obsolete.
The Banque de France intend to use them for two reasons. First of all, they can contribute to the central bank's interest rates policy. On the other hand they contribute to modify the attitude of banks. It can incite them to manage their assets and liabilities (to reduce the amount submitted to reserves, i.e. the monetary income) in a way compatible with the main issues of monetary policy. Credit institutions will have to assess their liquidity by selling securities on secondary markets, and no longer by "refinancing" (which comes down to an indebtment to the central bank). So doing, it helps suppressing money, and diminishing the base of reserves and the demand for money. Through their action on money markets, credit institutions would then back up an open market policy.
We haven't reached this point yet. We stand in a transitory situation: indeed even if requirement reserves decline, there are still many instances of them. In the perspective of the european financial market, the main point will be to prevent them from creating unequal competition between different national systems. by selling securities on secondary markets, and no longer by "refinancing" (which comes down to an indebtment to the central bank). So doing, it helps suppressing money, and diminishing the base of reserves and the demand for money. Through their action on money markets, credit institutions would then back up an open market policy.
We haven't reached this point yet. We stand in a transitory situation: indeed even if requirement reserves decline, there are still many instances of them. In the perspective of the european financial market, the main point will be to prevent them from creating unequal competition between different national systems.