bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial implications of learning amyloid PET results in an observational cohort
Authors: Clark Lindsay R. , Erickson Claire M. , Chin Nathaniel A. , Basche Kristin E. , Ketchum Fred B. , Rosario Hannah L. , Peterson Amanda J. , Eveler Marcella L. , Johnson Sterling C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONInformation on the psychosocial impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker testing in adults at risk of AD is needed to inform best practices for communicating biomarker results.METHODSNinety‐nine cognitively unimpaired older adults learned amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) results (mean age = 72.0 ± 4.8, 95% White, 28% elevated amyloid). Linear mixed‐effects regression models were used to test the main effects and interaction of PET result × time on psychosocial outcomes up to 6 months after learning results.RESULTSA significant interaction of PET result × time was observed for concern about AD (β = 0.28, p = 0.02) and intrusive thoughts and avoidance (β = ‐0.82, p < 0.001). A main effect of PET result was observed for AD test‐related distress (β = 12.09, p < 0.001).DISCUSSIONCognitively unimpaired adults learning elevated‐amyloid PET results reported mildly intrusive thoughts/avoidance initially following disclosure, but these symptoms decreased over time. Concern about AD dementia and AD biomarker test‐related distress remained higher in elevated‐amyloid compared to non‐elevated‐amyloid participants.Highlights
Longitudinal assessment of psychosocial reactions after amyloid PET disclosure was conducted.
Transient highly intrusive thoughts or avoidance after learning elevated amyloid results.
Persistent test result‐related distress after receiving elevated‐amyloid results.
There is increased concern about AD dementia after receiving elevated‐amyloid results.
Happiness and relief are experienced after receiving non‐elevated‐amyloid results.
Association of cortical morphology, white matter hyperintensity, and glymphatic function in frontotemporal dementia variants
Authors: Xiao Die , Li Jianyu , Ren Zhanbing , Dai Minghui , Jiang Yihan , Qiu Ting , Zhang Huixiong , Chen Yifan , Zhang Youming , Zhang Yuanchao , Palaniyappan Lena ,   For the Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) can be phenotypically divided into behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA), and semantic variant PPA (svPPA). However, the neural underpinnings of this phenotypic heterogeneity remain elusive.METHODSCortical morphology, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS), and their interrelationships were assessed in subtypes of FTD. Neuroimaging‐transcriptional analyses on the regional cortical morphological deviances among subtypes were also performed.RESULTSChanges in cortical thickness, surface area, gyrification, WMH, and DTI‐ALPS were subtype‐specific in FTD. The three morphologic indices are related to whole‐brain WMH volume and cognitive performance, while cortical thickness is related to DTI‐ALPS. Neuroimaging‐transcriptional analyses identified key biological pathways linked to the formation and/or spread of TDP‐43/tau pathologies.DISCUSSIONWe found subtype‐specific changes in cortical morphology, WMH, and glymphatic function in FTD. Our findings have the potential to contribute to the development of personalized predictions and treatment strategies for this disorder.Highlights
Cortical morphologic changes, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and glymphatic dysfunction are subtype‐specific.
Cortical morphologic changes, WMH, and glymphatic dysfunction are inter‐correlated.
Cortical morphologic changes and WMH burden contribute to cognitive impairments.
APOE ε4–associated downregulation of the IL‐7/IL‐7R pathway in effector memory T cells: Implications for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhang Ying‐Jie , Cheng Yan , Tang Hai‐Liang , Yue Qi , Cai Xin‐Yi , Lu Zhi‐Jie , Hao Yi‐Xuan , Dai An‐Xiang , Hou Ting , Liu Hao‐Xin , Kong Nan , Ji Xiao‐Yu , Lu Chang‐Hao , Xu Sheng‐Liang , Huang Kai , Zeng Xin , Wen Ya‐Qi , Ma Wan‐Yin , Guan Ji‐Tian , Lin Yan , Zheng Wen‐Bin , Pan Hui , Wu Jie , Wu Ren‐Hua , Wei Nai‐Li 
Published: August 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele exerts a significant influence on peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.METHODSThe present study enrolled 54 patients diagnosed with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD; including 28 APOE ε4 carriers and 26 non‐carriers). Plasma inflammatory cytokine concentration was assessed, alongside bulk RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).RESULTSPlasma tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ, and interleukin (IL)‐33 levels increased in the APOE ε4 carriers but IL‐7 expression notably decreased. A negative correlation was observed between plasma IL‐7 level and the hippocampal atrophy degree. Additionally, the expression of IL‐7R and CD28 also decreased in PBMCs of APOE ε4 carriers. ScRNA‐seq data results indicated that the changes were mainly related to the CD4+ Tem (effector memory) and CD8+ Tem T cells.DISCUSSIONThese findings shed light on the role of the downregulated IL‐7/IL‐7R pathway associated with the APOE ε4 allele in modulating neuroinflammation and hippocampal atrophy.Highlights
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele decreases plasma interleukin (IL)‐7 and aggravates hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease.
Plasma IL‐7 level is negatively associated with the degree of hippocampal atrophy.
The expression of IL‐7R signaling decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of APOE ε4 carriers
Dysregulation of the IL‐7/IL‐7R signal pathways enriches T cells.
Broad‐Spectrum Antiviral Agents against SARS‐CoV‐2 Variants Inhibit the Conserved Viral Protein Nsp1–RNA Interaction
Authors: Gi Byun Wan , Lee Minha , Ko Meehyun , Hyae Lee Ji , Yi Sihyeong , Lee JinAh , Kim Seungtaek , Bum Park Seung 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe ongoing global threats posed by COVID‐19 pandemic, catalyzed by SARS‐CoV‐2, underscores the pressing need for effective antiviral strategies. The viral non‐structural protein 1 (Nsp1) significantly influences pathogenicity by impeding host protein expression and enhancing viral RNA translation through its interaction with the stem‐loop 1 (SL1) in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR). We have developed a novel dual‐luciferase reporter assay, designed to investigate the critical Nsp1–SL1 interaction, and identified P23E02 as a potential inhibitor. Our investigation, combining molecular docking studies and alanine mutagenesis, has unveiled that P23E02 disrupts Nsp1–40S ribosomal subunit interaction, liberating translational inhibition and empowering host antiviral responses. P23E02 exhibits antiviral efficacy against various sarbecoviruses, making it a promising candidate for combatting COVID‐19 and related diseases. This study underscores the therapeutic potential of targeting the Nsp1/SL1 axis and lays the foundation for innovative antiviral interventions, ultimately fortifying global preparedness against future viral threats.
Higher Affinity Enables More Accurate Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Human Saliva Using Aptamer‐Based Litmus Test
Authors: Liu Rudi , Li Jiuxing , Gu Jimmy , Salena Bruno J. , Li Yingfu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany aptamers have been generated by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) to recognize spike proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2&ek), some of which have been engineered into dimeric and trimeric versions for enhanced affinity for diagnostic applications. However, no studies have been conducted to compare the utilities of monomeric, dimeric and trimeric aptamers in diagnostic assays with real clinical samples to answer the question of what levels of affinity an aptamer must have for accurate clinical diagnostics. Herein, we carried out a comparative study with two monomeric aptamers MSA1 and MSA5, one dimeric aptamer and two homotrimeric aptamers constructed with MSA1 and MSA5, with affinity varying by 1000‐fold. Using a colorimetric sandwich assay to analyze 48 human saliva samples, we found that the trimeric aptamer assay (Kd≈10 pM) can identify the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection much more accurately than the dimeric aptamer assay (Kd≈100 pM) and monomeric aptamer assay (Kd≈10,000 pM). Based on the experimental data, we theoretically predict the levels of affinity an aptamer needs to possess to achieve 80–100 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity. The findings from this study highlight the need for deriving very high affinity aptamers to enable highly accurate detection of viral infection for future pandemics.
A Robust In Vitro Anti‐tuberculosis, Antimicrobial, and Anti‐inflammatory Activities Based on Azomethine Chelates Incorporating Co(II), Ni (II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) Ions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Investigation of the Aspects of Docking Interaction
Authors: Rani Manju , Devi Jai , Kumar Jai , Sharma Dhananjay 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent times, there has been a growing exploration of transition metal complexes as potential solutions for significant health challenges, including tuberculosis, microbes infection, and inflammation. Therefore, in our ongoing effort to identify biologically effective agents, Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) metal complexes of H2L1–H2L2 hydrazone ligands were synthesized. The structural features of synthesized compounds were recognized by employing several techniques such as FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, powder x‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐Vis, ESR, TG‐DTA, mass spectrometry, and molar conductance measurements. The bonding of ligands via Ophenolic, Oenolic, and Nazomethine donor atoms and the attachment of the three water molecules with metal ion to form the octahedral structure of complexes were corroborated by different spectroscopic techniques. The anti‐tuberculosis, antimicrobial, and anti‐inflammatory activities of the synthesized compounds were assessed using the microplate alamar blue assay, serial dilution, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) methods, respectively, and highlighted the more potency of the complexes than ligands. The synthesized Cu(II) (9) and Zn(II) (10) metal complexes exhibited excellent ability to inhibit the growth of H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in comparison to standard drug streptomycin. The Cu(II) (6 and 9) and Zn(II) (10) complexes showed superb ability as antimicrobial agents, whereas Cu(II) (5) and Zn(II) (6) complexes exhibited significant anti‐inflammatory ability. The in vitro findings on the antituberculosis activity were reinforced by a significant molecular docking study, which has become a crucial component of computational research utilizing the enzyme Mtb Pks13 thioesterase domain of M. tuberculosis. Additionally, in this research work, the absorption–distribution–metabolism–excretion–toxicity (ADMET) study sparked the compounds' drug‐like behavior.
A novel water‐in‐water emulsion drag reducer with instant solubility and viscosity enhancement for slickwater fracturing fluid
Authors: Liu Shichun , Tian Wei , Wang Xianwen , Yang Xudong , Xiao Shuqin , Cai Jiaming , Zhao Mingwei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDrag reducers are indispensable components of slickwater fracturing fluids and play a pivotal role in the reconstitution of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. Water‐in‐water emulsion (W/W) drag reducers have garnered significant attention owing to their rapid dissolution and environmentally benign properties. The solubility and viscosity enhancing ability of W/W drag reducers were further enhanced by synthesizing a novel W/W drag reducer through dispersion polymerization, thereby meeting the requirements of real‐time mixed fracturing construction technology. The solubility, viscosity enhancement, and synthesis state of the synthetic drag reducer were employed as evaluation criteria, whereby the synthetic systems underwent screening and optimization of the synthesis conditions. The final synthetic conditions were determined as follows: the monomer (AM and DMC) had a total mass concentration of 25 wt%, with an AM to DMC molar ratio of 95:5. The dispersion medium (sodium sulfate and sodium chloride) had a total mass concentration of 12 wt%, with a sodium sulfate to sodium chloride mass ratio of 1:2. The dispersion stabilizer PVP K60 had a mass concentration of 7 wt%. The initiator had a total mass concentration of 0.05 wt%, with an ammonium persulfate to sodium bisulfite mass ratio of 1:1. The reaction was conducted at 35°C and a stirring speed of 500 r min−1 for a duration of 8 h. The successful synthesis of the polymer was demonstrated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Environmental scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy have characterized that the drag reducer has good viscosity enhancement potential. The performance evaluation results show that the solid content of drag reducer was 32.68%, and the residue content was 11.70 mg L−1. The viscosity enhancement rate of 1.3 wt% drag reducer was 93.7%. The dissolution time of 0.1 wt% drag reducer was only 25 s. The drag‐reduction rate of drag reducer reached 73.52%. Experimental results have proved that the drag reducer has the advantages of instant solubility, appreciable viscosity enhancement and drag‐reduction efficiency, fully meeting the real‐time mixing fracturing construction conditions, improving construction efficiency, and reducing construction costs. We expect that this study can broaden the application of W/W drag reducers in unconventional reservoir and provide a theoretical basis for field applications.
Cognitive authority: A scoping review of empirical research. An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper
Authors: Hirvonen Noora , Multas Anna‐Maija , Nygård Tuula , Huotari Maija‐Leena 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article provides a scoping review of 25 years of research on the notion of cognitive authority (CA), examining its conceptualization and empirical examination. The review follows the PRISMA statement and its extension for scoping reviews. Peer‐reviewed journal articles on CA were identified through database searching with the specific search term “cognitive authorit*” in the title or abstract and covering work published in 2022 or earlier. In total, 235 unique references were identified, and their abstracts and then selected full texts were screened according to predetermined exclusion criteria. In total, 40 articles were included in the review, extracted, and analyzed with qualitative content analysis focusing on the conceptualization of CA, the methodological approach taken to examine it, and the different spheres of knowledge and levels of activity the research addressed. Based on this analysis, four parallel lines of research were identified including studies conceptualizing CA: (1) as an indicator of information source quality, (2) as discursively constructed, (3) as situated in social mechanisms and settings, and (4) as institutional legitimacy of science and professions. This body of research has extended Wilson's (1983; Second‐hand knowledge: An inquiry into cognitive authority. Greenwood Press) original work contributing to our understanding of CA at individual, communal, and societal levels.
Hidden Markov model‐based filtering for 2‐D Markov jump Roesser systems subject to analog fading channels
Authors: Ni Zhenghao , Li Feng , Su Lei , Fei Xihong , Wang Jing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article considers the filtering problem for 2‐D Markov jump Roesser systems, in which the measurement signal is transmitted via analog fading channels. The time‐varying amplitude attenuation of the analog fading channels is described by the fading gain modeled as a random variable. The hidden Markov model is used to deal with the mode mismatch phenomenon between the plant and the filter, then a full‐order asynchronous filter is designed for 2‐D Markov jump Roesser systems under analog fading channels. The purpose is to introduce a filter to guarantee that the filtering error system is not only asymptotically mean square stable, but also satisfies the
disturbance attenuation performance. An improved decoupling method is proposed to acquire the 2‐D filter parameters such that the conservatism of the 2‐D filter designed law can be effectively reduced. Finally, a verification example and Darboux equation are given to illustrate the validity of the introduced asynchronous filter design law.
Scaling of Planar Sodium‐Nickel Chloride Battery Cells to 90 cm2 Active Area
Authors: Lan T. , Svaluto‐Ferro E. , Kovalska N. , Graeber G. , Vagliani F. , Basso D. , Turconi A. , Makowska M. , Blugan G. , Battaglia C. , Heinz M. V. F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐temperature sodium‐nickel chloride (Na−NiCl2) batteries offer a competitive solution for stationary energy storage due to their long‐term stability, high energy efficiency, and sustainable raw materials. However, scaling up this technology faces challenges related to the costly integration of tubular Na‐β′′‐alumina ceramic electrolytes into hermetically sealed battery cells. Alternative cell designs with a planar Na‐β′′‐alumina ceramic electrolyte have been a focus of research for many years, and a series of achievements were made on cell design, on reduction of the operating temperature, and on the analysis of electrochemical reaction mechanisms. However, the data presented in these reports was derived from laboratory‐scale cells with small area (1–5 cm2). To date, there has been no research conducted on enlarging planar cells to an economically viable size. Here we report the fabrication of large planar Na‐β′′‐alumina electrolytes and their integration into planar Na−NiCl2 cells with 90 cm2 active area and >7 Ah capacity. Our cell design enabled cycling at 300 °C for three months, transferring a cumulative capacity of 323 Ah. We discuss design and engineering considerations for large planar high‐temperature cells emphasizing the need for cell stacking to compete with tubular Na−NiCl2 batteries in terms of mass‐specific energy.
Clustering‐triggered emission mechanism of carboxymethyl β‐cyclodextrin aqueous solution and efficient recognition of Fe3+ in mixed ions
Authors: Xu Haiyan , Wang Jun , Li Qi , Zhou Qing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMost nonconventional luminogens enjoy good water solubility and biocompatibility, showing unique application prospects in fields like biological imaging. Although clustering‐triggered emission (CTE) mechanisms have been proposed to explain such emissions, the have not been thoroughly elucidated, which limits their development and application. Here, the photoluminescence properties of carboxymethyl β‐cyclodextrin (CM‐β‐CD) aqueous solution are utilized to further investigate the effects of changes in concentration, in order to elucidate the emission mechanism through cryo‐transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM), small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), molecular interaction analysis, and theoretical calculation. The results showed that the size distribution, morphology, and distance between water aggregates were successfully correlated with the cluster emission centers. The emission mechanism of nonconventional luminogen solutions was more clearly and intuitively elucidated, which has a promoting effect on the emission and application of this field. It is interesting that temperature‐dependent emission spectra show the blue‐shift phenomenon of PL with increasing excitation wavelengths. Moreover, due to its strong static quenching effect for Fe3+, CM‐β‐CD can efficiently detect Fe3+ in mixed‐ion aqueous solutions. It provides a strategy to clarify the CTE mechanism of nonconventional luminogen solutions more clearly and its application of mixed‐ion detection.
Supporting Ukrainian refugees: Examining intergroup contact, empathy and European identity in promoting helping behaviours
Authors: Destro Calogero Lo , Rullo Marika , Telesca Giovanni , Visintin Emilio Paolo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe escalation of the Russian–Ukrainian conflict has forced many Ukrainian people to leave their country seeking safety and support. To date, more than 6 million of refugees have crossed the borders into neighbouring countries. Nearly all European countries were involved in refugee‐hosting, including Italy. In a cross‐sectional study with Italian respondents (N = 338), we examined direct contact with and empathy towards Ukrainians and identification with Europe as predictors of helping behaviours towards Ukrainian refugees. Specifically, based on intergroup contact theory, we expected contact to be associated with helping behaviours via increased empathy. The European identity, rooted in values such as tolerance and egalitarianism can be seen as a common ingroup that includes people from various European countries, including Ukrainians. Consequently, it should be associated with helping behaviours, and could boost the effects of contact and empathy. As hypothesised, identification with Europe boosted the direct effect of contact on helping behaviours. Instead, the indirect effect of contact on helping behaviours via empathy was significant only among respondents with low Identification with Europe. This research highlights processes related to intergroup helping behaviours and, more specifically, participation in humanitarian initiatives favouring Ukrainian refugees. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Lavandula angustifolia Herb from Ukraine: Comparative Chemical Profile and in vitro Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Mykhailenko Olha , Hurina Viktoriia , Ivanauskas Liudas , Marksa Mindaugas , Skybitska Mariia , Kovalenko Oleh , Lytkin Dmytro , Vladymyrova Inna , Georgiyants Victoriya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLavandula L. genus plants have always been relevant as medicines for various purposes in food, medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetology and aromology. Ukraine is a new territory in the mass plant cultivation and lavender essential oil production. Therefore, the issue of integrated use of herbal raw materials and their intended use is still relevant. For the first time, ten samples of Lavendula angustifolia herb from 5 growing regions of Ukraine were studied for the composition and content of polyphenols and terpenoids using HPLC and HPTLC methods, respectively, to assess the prospects and quality of herbal raw materials. The results obtained showed that L. angustifolia herb has pronounced antioxidant activity due to the high content of phenolic compounds, namely hyperoside (5.665–11.629 mg/g), vanillic acid (5.986–11.196 mg/g), rosmarinic acid (0.211 to 1.488 mg/g), caffeic acid (0.369–3.835 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (0.239–4.619 mg/g), genistein‐7‐O‐glucoside, as well as due to the presence of linalool and linalyl acetate, which was confirmed by qualitative analysis. The total antioxidant activity was the highest in samples from Lviv Botanical Garden (0.293 Trolox mg/mL), Kyiv OLawander (0.288 Trolox mg/mL), Kharkiv Bohodukhiv (0.270 Trolox mg/mL) which is due to the qualitative composition of phenolic compounds. At the same time, the most intense zones of terpenoids in lavender herb were noted for images from Kharkiv region Lebiazhe and Kitchenkivka villiges. Cluster analysis showed priority in the selection of marker compounds (vanillic acid, hyperoside, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid) for lavender herb based on their quantitative content in the samples. In the future, lavender herb from Ukraine can be considered as a promising raw material with neuroprotective properties as part of its complex use, as research continues.