bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity and brain volumes: mediation by cardiometabolic and inflammatory measures
Authors: Zhou Qi , Zhu Wanlin , Cai Xueli , Jing Jing , Wang Mengxing , Wang Suying , Jin Aoming , Meng Xia , Wei Tiemin , Wang Yongjun , Pan Yuesong 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between overall obesity, central obesity and brain volumes, as well as to determine the extent to which cardiometabolic and inflammatory measures act as mediators in the association between body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and brain volumes.MethodsIn the context of counterfactual framework, mediation analysis was used to explore the potential mediation in which cardiometabolic and inflammatory measures may mediate the relationship between BMI, WHR, and brain volumes.ResultsAmong 2413 community-dwelling participants, those with high BMI or WHR levels experienced an approximately brain ageing of 4 years. Especially, individuals with high WHR or BMI under the age of 65 exhibited white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) differences equivalent to around 5 years of ageing. Conversely, in the high-level WHR population over the age of 65, premature brain ageing in gray matter volume (GMV) exceeded 4.5 years. For GMV, more than 45% of the observed effect of WHR was mediated by glycaemic metabolism indicators. This proportion increases to 78.70% when blood pressure, triglyceride, leucocyte count, and neutrophil count are jointly considered with glycaemic metabolism indicators. Regarding WHR and BMI’s association with WMHV, cardiometabolic and inflammatory indicators, along with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mediated 35.50% and 20.20% of the respective effects.ConclusionsOverall obesity and central obesity were associated with lower GMV and higher WMHV, a process that is partially mediated by the presence of cardiometabolic and inflammatory measures.
Anaesthesia modality on endovascular therapy outcomes in patients with large infarcts: a post hoc analysis of the ANGEL-ASPECT trial
Authors: Liang Fa , Zhang Kangda , Wu Youxuan , Wang Xinyan , Hou Xuan , Yu Yun , Wang Yunzhen , Wang Mengxing , Pan Yuesong , Huo Xiaochuan , Han Ruquan , Miao Zhongrong 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesEndovascular therapy (EVT) now penetrates the once obscure realm of large infarct core volume acute ischaemic stroke (LICV-AIS). This research aimed to investigate the potential correlation between different anaesthetic approaches and post-EVT outcomes in LICV-AIS patients.MethodsBetween October 2020 and May 2022, the China ANGEL-Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score (ASPECT) trial studied patients with LICV-AIS, randomly assigning them to the best medical management (BMM) or BMM with EVT. This post hoc subgroup analysis categorised subjects receiving BMM with EVT into general anaesthesia (GA) and non-GA groups based on anaesthesia type. We applied multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between anaesthesia during EVT and patient functional outcomes, as measured by the modified Rankin scale (mRS), in addition to the occurrence of complications. Further adjustment for selection bias was achieved through propensity score matching (PSM).ResultsIn total, 230 patients with LICV-AIS were enrolled (GA 84 vs Non-GA 146). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the proportion of patients who achieved an mRS score of 0–2 at 90 days (27.4% for the GA group vs 31.5% for the non-GA group, p=0.51). However, the GA group had significantly longer median surgical times (142 min vs 122 min, p=0.03). Furthermore, GA was associated with an increased risk of postoperative pneumonia (adjusted OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.98). The results of PSM analysis agreed with the results of the multivariate regression analysis. No significant difference in intracranial haemorrhage incidence or mortality rate was observed between the groups.ConclusionThis post hoc analysis of subgroups of the ANGEL-ASPECT trial suggested that there may be no significant association between the choice of anaesthesia and neurological outcomes in LICV-AIS patients. However, compared with non-GA, GA prolongs the duration of EVT and is associated with a greater postoperative pneumonia risk.Trial registration numberNCT04551664.
Association of pediatric firearm injury with neighborhood social deprivation in Philadelphia
Authors: Kauffman Jeremy , Nance Michael , Cannon Jeremy W , Sakran Joseph Victor , Haut Elliott R , Scantling Dane R , Rozycki Grace , Byrne James P 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundFirearm-related injury is the leading cause of death among children and adolescents. There is a need to clarify the association of neighborhood environment with gun violence affecting children. We evaluated the relative contribution of specific social determinants to observed rates of firearm-related injury in children of different ages.MethodsThis was a population-based study of firearm injury in children (age <18 years) that occurred in Philadelphia census tracts (2015–2021). The exposure was neighborhood Social Deprivation Index (SDI) quintile. The outcome was the rate of pediatric firearm injury due to interpersonal violence stratified by age, sex, race, and year. Hierarchical negative binomial regression measured the risk-adjusted association between SDI quintile and pediatric firearm injury rate. The relative contribution of specific components of the SDI to neighborhood risk of pediatric firearm injury was estimated. Effect modification and the role of specific social determinants were evaluated in younger (<15 years old) versus older children.Results927 children were injured due to gun violence during the study period. Firearm-injured children were predominantly male (87%), of black race (89%), with a median age of 16 (IQR 15–17). Nearly one-half of all pediatric shootings (47%) occurred in the quintile of highest SDI (Q5). Younger children represented a larger proportion of children shot in neighborhoods within the highest (Q5), compared with the lowest (Q1), SDI quintile (25% vs 5%; p<0.007). After risk adjustment, pediatric firearm-related injury was strongly associated with increasing SDI (Q5 vs Q1; aRR 14; 95% CI 6 to 32). Specific measures of social deprivation (poverty, incomplete schooling, single-parent homes, and rented housing) were associated with significantly greater increases in firearm injury risk for younger, compared with older, children. Component measures of the SDI explained 58% of observed differences between neighborhoods.ConclusionsNeighborhood measures of social deprivation are strongly associated with firearm-related injury in children. Younger children appear to be disproportionately affected by specific adverse social determinants compared with older children. Root cause evaluation is required to clarify the interaction with other factors such as the availability of firearms and interpersonal conflict that place children at risk in neighborhoods where gun violence is common.Level of evidenceLevel III - Observational Study
Relativistic hydrodynamics with phase transition
Authors: Taghinavaz F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAssessing the applicability of hydrodynamic expansions close to phase transition points is crucial from either theoretical or phenomenological points of view. We explore this within the gauge/gravity duality, using the Einstein–Klein–Gordon model, a bottom-up string theory construction. This model incorporates a parameter, $$B_4$$

B
4

, that simulates different types of phase transitions in the strongly coupled field theory existing at the boundary. We thoroughly examine the thermodynamics and dynamics of time-dependent, linearized perturbations in the spin-2, spin-1, and spin-0 sectors. Our findings suggest that ‘hydrodynamic series breakdown near transition points” is valid exclusively for second-order phase transitions, not for crossovers or first-order phase transitions. Additionally, we observe that the high-temperature and low-temperature limits of the radius of convergence for the hydrodynamic series ($$q^2_c$$

q
c
2

) are equal. We also discover that the relationship $$(\text {Max}|q^2_c|)_{\text {spin-2}}< (\text {Max}|q^2_c|)_{\text {spin-0}} < (\text {Max}|q^2_c|)_{\text {spin-1}}$$

(
Max
|

q
c
2

|
)

spin-2

<
(
Max
|

q
c
2

|
)

spin-0

<
(
Max
|

q
c
2

|
)

spin-1

is consistent for different spin sectors, regardless of the phase transition type. At the chaos point, we observe the emergence of pole-skipping behavior for both gravity and scalar perturbations at $$\omega _n = -2\pi T n i$$

ω
n

=
-
2
π
T
n
i

. Lastly, comparing the chaos momentum with $$q^2_c$$

q
c
2

, we find that $$q^2_{ps} < q^2_c$$

q

ps

2

<

q
c
2

, except for extremely high temperatures.
Dynamics and collision of particles in modified black-bounce geometry
Authors: Nishonov Isomiddin , Zahid Muhammad , Khan Saeed Ullah , Rayimbaev Javlon , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the present work, we first regularize a black hole spacetime in modified gravity (MOG) in the presence of the scalar-tensor-vector (STV) field, called the Schwarzschild MOG black hole, under the transformation $$r^2 \rightarrow r^2 + a^2$$

r
2

→

r
2

+

a
2

, known as the Simpson–Visser (SV) spacetime (where a is regularization or black-bounce parameter). The spacetime can represent a black hole and a wormhole. We analyze horizon properties and calculate the effective mass of the spacetime. Also, we find black hole-wormhole regions in black-bounce and MOG parameter spacetime. We also analyze scalar invariants of spacetime, such as the Ricci scalar, the square of the Ricci tensor, and the Kretchmann scalar. We study test particle motion in the SV-MOG spacetime by considering the interaction between the particle and the STV field. We investigate how the STV fields change the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCOs), energy, and angular momentum of the test particle’s ISCO. It is shown that the ISCO decreases in the presence of the black bounce parameter and increases in the STV field. We also study the collisions of test particles and analyze how the MOG and black-bounce parameters influence the critical angular momentum of colliding particles and their center of mass energy.
Phase diagram of the topologically frustrated XY chain
Authors: Sacco Shaikh Daniel , Catalano Alberto Giuseppe , Cavaliere Fabio , Franchini Fabio , Sassetti Maura , Traverso Ziani Niccolò 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLandau theory’s implicit assumption that microscopic details cannot affect the global phases has been challenged only recently in systems such as antiferromagnetic quantum spin chains with periodic boundary conditions. The new paradigm of topological frustration has been accordingly put forward. In this context, the quantum phases exhibit a dependence on the boundary conditions. In this work, we show that topological frustration modifies the zero temperature phase diagram of the XY chain in a transverse magnetic field by inducing new boundary quantum phase transitions. Here, by boundary quantum phase transitions we mean non-analyticities that are non-extensive in the number of particles. Such transitions are both of first and second order. Moreover, we come across the first case of second order boundary quantum phase transition characterized by a quartic dispersion relation. Our analytical results are supported by both analytical calculations and numerical investigations, and lay the foundation for understanding the phase diagram of frustrated model.
Cosmographic analysis of anisotropic Kaniadakis holographic dark energy model
Authors: Murali K. , Aditya Y. , Vali S. Kalesha 
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we investigate the anisotropic and spatially homogeneous Bianchi type-I universe with Kaniadakis holographic dark energy in Saez–Ballester [Phys. Lett. A 113, 467 (1986)] theory of gravitation. We determine Kaniadakis holographic dark energy model by assuming a correlation between the metric potentials to solve the field equations of the model. This results in a dynamical deceleration parameter which demonstrates an accelerating expansion of the universe. Our model’s equation of state parameter [Formula: see text] close to [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] model) at late-times and is in agreement with the most recent observations. Next, we obtained the squared sound speed ([Formula: see text]) and found that it is positive, implying stability against perturbations. The [Formula: see text] plane is constructed to investigate the evolution of the models’ EoS parameter turned out to be in a freezing zone. As should be the case in an expanding universe, the strong energy conditions of the model are violated. Statefinders [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] planes were also examined. Our model includes the Chaplygin gas, [Formula: see text] limit, and is inclined towards the steady-state model.
Microstructural Analysis of Deposited Alkali Metal in “Anode-Free” Solid-State Batteries
Authors: Fuchs Till , Ortmann Till , Becker Juri , Haslam Catherine , Richter Felix H. , Sakamoto Jeff , Janek Jürgen 
Published: August 2024

Lithium metal as an anode material can greatly boost energy and power density in solid-state batteries.[1] However, challenges like local contact loss and dendrite growth limit the applicable current density. It was shown previously that the lithium microstructure can greatly influence the electrochemical performance of lithium, e.g. the stripping capacity until pore formation occurs.[2]
Solid-state-batteries (SSBs) manufactured without the use of an alkali metal reservoir are under intense investigation, as they may enable unmatched energy densities without the need to handle reactive and inherently unsafe alkali metal foils. In these reservoir-free cells (RFCs) the alkali metal is usually stored in the discharged cathode active material upon assembly and thus only deposited at the anode current collector within the first charging step. However, despite its expected influence on the electrochemical performance, the microstructure of freshly deposited lithium has yet to be analyzed. Up to now, the lack of a combination of suitable preparation and analyses tools restrict any study of the microstructure of thin alkali metal films.
Within this study, we designed a workflow to reliably analyze the microstructure of thermally processed lithium and sodium films. Using a combination of cryogenic focused ion beam (FIB) preparation and electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD), we were able to exclude any recrystallization during room temperature storage or FIB preparation. Therefore, this newly developed workflow was further used to study the microstructure of otherwise buried alkali metal films, which were deposited in so called “anode-free” or reservoir free cell designs.
Our analyses show that the grain size of plated alkali metal films is independent on the microstructure of used current collector and generally consists of very large grains, albeit not as large as as-bought foil. Even more interesting, every single deposited film consists solely of columnar grains with grain boundaries oriented perpendicular to the solid electrolyte interface, marking a clear difference to using an alkali metal foil as the anode. Our results are confirmed at two different RFCs, namely Cu|LLZO|Li and Steel|LPSCl|Li. Generally, we believe our research on metal anodes will open up the possibility of tackling more advanced scientific questions previously impossible to answer.
(1) Krauskopf, T., Richter, F. H., Zeier, W. G. & Janek, J. Physicochemical Concepts of the Lithium Metal Anode in Solid-State Batteries. Chem. Rev. 120, 7745–7794 (2020).
(2) Singh, D. K., Fuchs, T. et al. Origin of the lithium metal anode instability in solid-state batteries during discharge. Matter
6, 1463–1483 (2023).
Modeling a High-Energy, High-Rate Li/CFx Battery with a Capacity-Contributing Electrolyte
Authors: Albertus Paul , Parke Caitlin D. , Zhang Xiyue , Baek Minsung , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: August 2024

The Li/CFx primary cell has the highest specific energy of any commercialized cell, but recent funding programs (e.g., the IARPA RESILIENCE program) seek significant increases in performance beyond that achieved with current cell formulations, including both higher average rates than are typical for Li/CFx (e.g., C/3 for the RESILIENCE program) and high-rate pulses (e.g., 5C/3, also for the RESILIENCE program).1 One method to raise the specific energy beyond that of current commercial cells is to also obtain capacity from the electrolyte (i.e., to use a capacity-contributing electrolyte).2,3 This should occur after the CFx has been mostly consumed. The present talk will briefly introduce experimental results demonstrating the operation of a capacity-contributing electrolyte in a Li/CFx cell, and then focus on our 0-D modeling framework that includes three reactants (CFx, salt, and solvent), a cathode that undergoes volume expansion during discharge (based on the molar volumes of the reactants and products), and the growth of resistive electrolyte products.4 Our base case cell design is for a ~750 Wh/kg cell. We demonstrate the behavior of our model formulation for a C/3 average rate with two 5C/3 one-minute pulses (one at 99% and one at 20% SOC, based on the capacity of the CFx and capacity-contributing electrolyte). We find that there is significant cathode swell during discharge (i.e., 10s of %) that affects the cell polarization, and the electrochemical behavior of the 20% SOC pulse is highly dependent on the thermodynamics, kinetics, and transport properties of the salt and solvent reactants and products. Our modeling framework can be applied to additional chemistries with multiple active materials, significant electrode thickness changes, and resistive electrolyte products.
1. https://www.iarpa.gov/research-programs/resilience
2. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 19, 6874–6877
3. Adv. Mater., 2015, 27, 3473–3483
4. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 158 (5) A504-A510 (2011)
(Invited) Predicting the Optical Spectra of Fullerenes with Vibronic Coupling
Authors: Bourret Emmanuel , Stevenson Steven , Côté Michel 
Published: August 2024

Following the mid-1980s discovery of fullerenes, their optical properties quickly drew a lot of attention as the intrinsically allowed electronic transitions did not seem to alone explain the complexities of their spectra. Even after more than three decades, there is still little knowledge of the intricate details of their absorption and emission spectra. The main issue with these carbon cages is the high density of electronic states in the energy range of interest. From an experimental standpoint, this means that high resolution spectra are needed to accurately distinguish the electronic and vibronic structure. On the other hand, such a high density of electronic states tests the limits of first-principle calculations, as the computational cost for precisely predicting electronic states quickly becomes prohibitive for systems as large as fullerenes.
In this presentation, we will discuss the challenges and importance of including vibronic coupling in the Ab initio calculation of fullerenes' optical spectra. This is necessary in order to gain a reliable interpretation of their electronic spectra and make the most of spectroscopy to probe the electronic structure of fullerenes.
Effect of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons on the Supercapacitive Behavior of Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks in Acid Media
Authors: Heiba Asmaa R. , Abdelsalam Mohamed O , Yoon Taeho , El Sawy Ehab N 
Published: August 2024

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a kind of crystalline porous materials have attracted much attention due to their high surface area and high electrochemical performance as electrode materials in supercapacitors 1. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (F-MWCNTs) based materials and especially graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs), which have unusual characteristics of ultrathin two-dimensional structures and, as promising materials for supercapacitors and other electrochemical energy storage devices. The F-MWCNTs and GONRs' high electrical conductivity, highly changeable surface area, strong chemical stability, excellent mechanical behavior, and capacity to modify attributes for the desired application are behind the reasons for choosing to make a composite of these materials with Zr-MOF 2.
In this work, Zr-MOF was synthesized using the solvothermal method 3, MWCNTs were functionalized using acid washing (3 M H2SO4: 1 M HNO3), and GONRs were fabricated using the oxidative unzipping method 4. The Zr-MOF/F-MWCNTs and Zr-MOF/GONRs composites were prepared through physical mixing. The physical and chemical structures of the synthesized Zr-MOF, F-MWCNTs, and GONRs were evaluated using XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS. The supercapactive behavior of the prepared composites was evaluated in comparison to their components (Zr-MOF, F-MWCNTs, and GONRs) in 1M H2SO4 utilizing various evaluation systems (three and two-electrode systems). Zr-MOFs showed a high specific capacitance (248 F/g at 1 A/g), making it a promising supercapacitor electrode material. That performance is dramatically improved by the addition of the nanocarbon materials (F-MWCNTs and GONRs). Zr-MOF-GONRs showed the highest specific capacitance (448 F/g at 1 A/g), with a large potential window (1.7 V) in the three-electrode system extended to (2V) in the two-electrode system, and good stability over 10,000 cycles at a high current density of 10 A/g.

Reference:

(1) Tan, Y.; Zhang, W.; Gao, Y.; Wu, J.; Tang, B. Facile Synthesis and Supercapacitive Properties of Zr-Metal Organic Frameworks (UiO-66). RSC Adv.
2015, 5 (23), 17601–17605. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra11896k.
(2) Shrivastav, V.; Sundriyal, S.; Tiwari, U. K.; Kim, K. H.; Deep, A. Metal-Organic Framework Derived Zirconium Oxide/Carbon Composite as an Improved Supercapacitor Electrode. Energy
2021, 235, 121351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121351.
(3) Abdelhamid, H. N. UiO-66 as a Catalyst for Hydrogen Production: Via the Hydrolysis of Sodium Borohydride. Dalton Trans.
2020, 49 (31), 10851–10857. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0dt01688h.
(4) Kosynkin, D. V.; Higginbotham, A. L.; Sinitskii, A.; Lomeda, J. R.; Dimiev, A.; Price, B. K.; Tour, J. M. Longitudinal Unzipping of Carbon Nanotubes to Form Graphene Nanoribbons. Nature
2009, 458 (7240), 872–876. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07872.
Completely Monodisperse Graphene Dispersions Imparting Film of High Specific Capacitance
Authors: Atrey Isha , Shukla Anupam 
Published: August 2024

Graphene has emerged as a remarkable material with diverse applications in the field of optoelectronics and energy storage. However, the challenge lies in producing high-quality graphene via liquid phase methods that can match the optoelectronic properties achieved through expensive techniques like chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or micromechanical cleaving. Existing liquid phase methods suffer from issues such as graphene oxidation during production, layer number dispersion, and small flake size, which significantly compromise the overall quality of the material and its potential applications.
We demonstrate the synthesis of completely layer number-monodisperse graphene dispersions using anodic electrochemical exfoliation with exceptional optoelectronic properties comparable to CVD-derived graphene. A notable highlight of our research is the high specific capacitance of the film formed from the electrochemically exfoliated graphene dispersions (259- 666 F g-1), which is highly promising for capacitive energy storage applications. We have successfully addressed the difficulties related to oxidation and the uneven distribution of layers, achieving large flake sizes. This progress was achieved by employing a tailored synthesis method maneuvered through electrochemical characterizations and precise management of experimental variables during the intercalation, exfoliation, and further processing steps. Thus, this research contributes significantly to the ongoing advancements in graphene synthesis and graphite intercalation science.