bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence imaging for a noninvasive in vivo toxicity-test using a transgenic silkworm expressing green fluorescent protein
Authors: Inagaki Yoshinori , Matsumoto Yasuhiko , Ishii Masaki , Uchino Keiro , Sezutsu Hideki , Sekimizu Kazuhisa 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn drug development, the toxicity of candidate chemicals must be carefully examined in an animal model. Here we developed a live imaging technique using silkworms for a noninvasive toxicity test applicable for drug screening. Injection of carbon tetrachloride, a tissue-injuring chemical, into transgenic silkworms expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) induced leakage of GFP from the tissues into the hemolymph. The leakage of GFP was suppressed by pre-administration of either cimetidine, a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, or N-acetyl cysteine, a free-radical scavenger. The transgenic silkworm was made transparent by feeding a diet containing chemicals that inhibit uric acid deposition in the epithelial cells. In the transparent silkworms, GFP fluorescence in the fat body could be observed from outside the body. Injection of salicylic acid or iron sulfate, tissue-injuring chemicals, into the transparent silkworms decreased the fluorescence intensity of the GFP in the fat body. These findings suggest that the transparent GFP-expressing silkworm model is useful for evaluating the toxicity of chemicals that induce tissue injury.
Selective stabilization of aliphatic organic carbon by iron oxide
Authors: Adhikari Dinesh , Yang Yu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStabilization of organic matter in soil is important for natural ecosystem to sequestrate carbon and mitigate greenhouse gas emission. It is largely unknown what factors govern the preservation of organic carbon in soil, casting shadow on predicting the response of soil to climate change. Iron oxide was suggested as an important mineral preserving soil organic carbon. However, ferric minerals are subject to reduction, potentially releasing iron and decreasing the stability of iron-bound organic carbon. Information about the stability of iron-bound organic carbon in the redox reaction is limited. Herein, we investigated the sorptive interactions of organic matter with hematite and reductive release of hematite-bound organic matter. Impacts of organic matter composition and conformation on its sorption by hematite and release during the reduction reaction were analyzed. We found that hematite-bound aliphatic carbon was more resistant to reduction release, although hematite preferred to sorb more aromatic carbon. Resistance to reductive release represents a new mechanism that aliphatic soil organic matter was stabilized by association with iron oxide. Selective stabilization of aliphatic over aromatic carbon can greatly contribute to the widely observed accumulation of aliphatic carbon in soil, which cannot be explained by sorptive interactions between minerals and organic matter.
Identification of a critical determinant that enables efficient fatty acid synthesis in oleaginous fungi
Authors: Chen Haiqin , Hao Guangfei , Wang Lei , Wang Hongchao , Gu Zhennan , Liu Liming , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei , Chen Yong Q. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMicroorganisms are valuable resources for lipid production. What makes one microbe but not the other able to efficiently synthesize and accumulate lipids is poorly understood. In the present study, global gene expression prior to and after the onset of lipogenesis was determined by transcriptomics using the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina as a model system. A core of 23 lipogenesis associated genes was identified and their expression patterns shared a high similarity among oleaginous microbes Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Mucor circinelloides and Rhizopus oryzae but was dissimilar to the non-oleaginous Aspergillus nidulans. Unexpectedly, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) were found to be the NADPH producers responding to lipogenesis in the oleaginous microbes. Their role in lipogenesis was confirmed by a knockdown experiment. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that the PPP plays a significant role during fungal lipogenesis. Up-regulation of NADPH production by the PPP, especially G6PD, may be one of the critical determinants that enables efficiently fatty acid synthesis in oleaginous microbes.
Diagnostic value of a plasma microRNA signature in gastric cancer: a microRNA expression analysis
Authors: Zhou Xin , Zhu Wei , Li Hai , Wen Wei , Cheng Wenfang , Wang Fang , Wu Yinxia , Qi Lianwen , Fan Yong , Chen Yan , Ding Yin , Xu Jing , Qian Jiaqi , Huang Zebo , Wang Tongshan , Zhu Danxia , Shu Yongqian , Liu Ping 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in plasma of gastric cancer (GC) patients may serve as a diagnostic biomarker. A total of 33 miRNAs were identified through the initial screening phase (3 GC pools vs. 1 normal control (NC) pool) using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) based Exiqon panel (miRCURY-Ready-to-Use-PCR-Human-panel-I + II-V1.M). By qRT-PCR, these miRNAs were further assessed in training (30 GC VS. 30 NCs) and testing stages (71 GC VS. 61 NCs). We discovered a plasma miRNA signature including five up-regulated miRNAs (miR-185, miR-20a, miR-210, miR-25 and miR-92b) and this signature was evaluated to be a potential diagnostic marker of GC. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the signature were 0.86, 0.74 and 0.87 for the training, testing and the external validation stages (32 GC VS. 18 NCs), respectively. The five miRNAs were consistently dysregulated in GC tissues (n = 30). Moreover, miR-185 was decreased while miR-20a, miR-210 and miR-92b were increased in arterial plasma (n = 38). However, none of the miRNAs in the exosomes showed different expression between 10 GC patients and 10 NCs. In conclusion, we identified a five-miRNA signature in the peripheral plasma which could serve as a non-invasive biomarker in detection of GC.
In situ characterizing membrane lipid phenotype of breast cancer cells using mass spectrometry profiling
Authors: He Manwen , Guo Shuai , Li Zhili 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLipid composition in cell membrane is closely associated with cell characteristics. Here, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization- Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry was employed to in situ determine membrane components of human mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10 A) and six different breast cancer cell lines (i.e., BT-20, MCF-7, SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-157 and MDA-MB-361) without any lipid extraction and separation. Partial least-square discriminant analysis indicated that changes in the levels of these membrane lipids were closely correlated with the types of breast cell lines. Elevated levels of polyunsaturated lipids in MCF-10 A cells relative to six breast cancer cells and in BT-20 cells relative to other breast cancer cell lines were detected. The Western blotting assays indicated that the expression of five lipogenesis-related enzymes (i.e., fatty acid synthase 1(FASN1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5 (SCD5), choline kinase α (CKα) and sphingomyelin synthase 1) was associated with the types of the breast cells and that the SCD1 level in MCF-7 cells was significantly increased relative to other breast cell lines. Our findings suggest that elevated expression levels of FASN1, SCD1, SCD5 and CKα may closely correlated with enhanced levels of saturated and monounsaturated lipids in breast cancer cell lines.
Mass extinction in poorly known taxa
Authors: Régnier Claire , Achaz Guillaume , Lambert Amaury , Cowie Robert H. , Bouchet Philippe , Fontaine Benoît 
Published: June 2015

SignificanceSince the 1980s, many biologists have concluded that the earth is in the midst of a massive biodiversity extinction crisis caused by human activities. Yet fewer than 1,000 of the planet’s 1.9 million known species are officially recorded as extinct. Skeptics have therefore asked “Is there really a crisis?” Mammals and birds provide the most robust data, because the status of almost all has been assessed. Invertebrates constitute over 99% of species diversity, but the status of only a tiny fraction has been assessed, thereby dramatically underestimating overall levels of extinction. Using data on terrestrial invertebrates, this study estimates that we may already have lost 7% of the species on Earth and that the biodiversity crisis is real.
Retro-translocation of mitochondrial intermembrane space proteins
Authors: Bragoszewski Piotr , Wasilewski Michal , Sakowska Paulina , Gornicka Agnieszka , Böttinger Lena , Qiu Jian , Wiedemann Nils , Chacinska Agnieszka 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Mitochondria contain several hundreds of proteins. The mitochondrial content is regulated by the uptake and degradation of proteins. Stabilization of protein structure by disulfide bonds was proposed to drive protein accumulation in the intermembrane space of mitochondria. However, it remained unknown if structural alterations could lead to protein escape through the physiological barrier formed by the outer mitochondrial membrane. In this work, we present evidence for size-dependent retrograde movement of mitochondrial proteins to the cytosol. We identify the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane channel protein Tom40 as an exit route. Our results indicate that the retro-translocation serves as an important surveillance mechanism that regulates the abundance of intermembrane space proteins in response to changes in cellular physiology.
Endocarditis due to Coccidioides spp: The Seventh Case
Authors: Horng Lily M. , Yaghoubian Shadi , Ram Arleen , Johnson Royce , Castro Luis , Kuo Jenny , Deresinski Stan 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Coccidioides, a dimorphic fungus endemic within the Americas, primarily causes pulmonary disease but may disseminate. We describe a case of confirmed Coccidioides endocarditis, the seventh reported in literature. Coccidioides endocarditis often requires tissue diagnosis and combined surgical and medical treatment.
Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlates of Sevoflurane-induced Unconsciousness
Authors: Palanca Ben Julian A. , Mitra Anish , Larson-Prior Linda , Snyder Abraham Z. , Avidan Michael S. , Raichle Marcus E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAbstract
Sevoflurane-induced unconsciousness leads to a widespread reduction in brain activity. Functional connectivity is selectively reduced within the default mode and ventral attention networks. Motion artifact, a prevalent confounding variable in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies involving anesthetic agents, leads to spurious results if not addressed.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background:
Blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to study the effects of anesthetic agents on correlated intrinsic neural activity. Previous studies have focused primarily on intravenous agents. The authors studied the effects of sevoflurane, an inhaled anesthetic.

Methods:
Resting-state BOLD fMRI was acquired from 10 subjects before sedation and from 9 subjects rendered unresponsive by 1.2% sevoflurane. The fMRI data were analyzed taking particular care to minimize the impact of artifact generated by head motion.

Results:
BOLD correlations were specifically weaker within the default mode network and ventral attention network during sevoflurane-induced unconsciousness, especially between anterior and posterior midline regions. Reduced functional connectivity between these same networks and the thalamus was also spatially localized to the midline frontal regions. The amplitude of BOLD signal fluctuations was substantially reduced across all brain regions. The importance of censoring epochs contaminated by head motion was demonstrated by comparative analyses.

Conclusions:
Sevoflurane-induced unconsciousness is associated with both globally reduced BOLD signal amplitudes and selectively reduced functional connectivity within cortical networks associated with consciousness (default mode network) and orienting to salient external stimuli (ventral attention network). Scrupulous attention to minimizing the impact of head motion artifact is critical in fMRI studies using anesthetic agents.
Analysis of content creation in social media by B2B companies
Authors: Huotari Lauri , Ulkuniemi Pauliina , Saraniemi Saila , Mäläskä Minna 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The present study aims to examine how business-to-business (B2B) marketers can influence content creation in social media. Social media tools are becoming an interesting component of B2B marketing because of the roles of personal relationships and interactions in these markets. However, research has not approached social media content creation from a B2B marketing perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
– Social media tools are becoming an interesting component of B2B marketing because of the roles of personal relationships and interactions in these markets. However, research has not approached social media content creation from a B2B marketing perspective. The present study examines how B2B marketers can influence content creation in social media.

Findings
– The paper proposes that B2B firms engaging in social media as part of their marketing efforts should carefully consider the roles and activities of various users, which are directed to and by different internal and external users. B2B companies can influence content creation in social media directly by adding new content, participating in discussions and removing content through corporate user accounts and controlling employee social media behavior or indirectly by training employees to create desired content and performing marketing activities that influence other users to create content that is favorable for the company.

Originality/value
– The study contributes to the theoretical discussion over B2B marketing communication and the role of social media in it.
Service value exchange in B2B electronic marketplaces
Authors: Standing Susan , Standing Craig 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to explore what aspects of organisational value can be realised through taking a service exchange perspective of e-marketplaces as opposed to a product transaction perspective Marketing is increasingly concerned with the notion of service value in business-to-business markets. Electronic marketplaces (e-marketplaces) have been used in B2B exchanges for many years and continually evolve as the understanding of e-marketplace participation and the technologies develop.

Design/methodology/approach
– A case study approach is taken using three large e-marketplace organisations and interviews with senior managers from each company.

Findings
– The paper argues that e-marketplaces should not be thought of solely as a product transaction mechanism but rather as a digital marketing and communication network where service, rather than products, forms the basis of a value creating exchange.

Practical implications
– Organisations can co-create value within an e-marketplace network but must market services value across organisational boundaries.

Originality/value
– The paper extends the literature in the area of e-marketplace trading and recognises the importance of the digital communication network in enabling service exchange between the e-marketplace, buyers and suppliers.
Family involvement and organizational ambidexterity in later-generation family businesses
Authors: Hiebl Martin R. W. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– How family businesses (FBs) manage to survive in the long term is still not well understood in FB research. A promising concept to explain survivability, that is currently heavily discussed in the management literature is organizational ambidexterity (OA) – the ability to balance exploring and exploiting activities at the same time. However, FB research has not yet taken sufficient advantage of the potential of OA to contribute to explaining the ability of later-generation FBs to survive. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approach– Using central tenets of agency theory, this conceptual paper draws together findings from the FB literature and the OA literature to create a framework for the relationship between family involvement and the ability to reach high levels of OA.Findings– Seven propositions are developed which suggest that the level of family involvement in ownership and management affect the ability of later-generation FBs to reach high levels of OA. They further suggest that the number of family shareholders, the existence of majority family shareholders, and generational involvement of the controlling family in management moderate these relationships.Originality/value– This is the first paper to theoretically analyze OA in later-generation FBs. The seven propositions and avenues for further research presented in this paper are intended to motivate FB research to take a closer look at OA. This may be crucial to better explaining and predicting one of business-owning families’ most important goals: the long-term survival of the FB.
Augmentation of quality attributes of chicken tikka prepared from spent hen meat with lemon juice and ginger extract marination
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Singh Praneeta , Tanwar Vinay Kumar , Ponnusamy Prabhakaran , Singh Pramod Kumar , Shukla Prateek 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to produce spent hen tikka of improved quality attributes using lemon juice and ginger extract marination.Design/methodology/approach– Three experimental groups were made: control group, 20 per cent lemon juice marinated group (LM) and 50 per cent ginger extract marinated group (GM). Boneless spent hen breast meat was cut into small cubes of one inch with the help of knife and kept in marinade solution in ratio of 2:1 w/v at 4 ± 1°C for 16 hours in a refrigerator. Chicken tikka was prepared using an electric oven at the temperature of 240°C for 20 minutes.Findings– There was a significant (p< 0.05) increase in moisture content and water holding capacity of LM and GM marinated chicken tikka, whereas protein, fat, ash, cholesterol content and shear force values were significantly (p< 0.05) decreased. pH was significantly (p< 0.05) higher in GM and significantly (p< 0.05) lower in LM compared to control for chicken tikka.Research limitations/implications– Future research may be carried out to assess the effect of lemon juice and ginger extract marination on mineral content and lipid profile.Originality/value– Marination of meat with LM and GM improved the sensory scores and textural properties, whereas fat and cholesterol content of chicken tikka decreased. Therefore, marination of chicken tikka with LM and GM may be used as processing technology to improve quality attributes of spent hen tikka.
Behavioral finance: insights from experiments I: theory and financial markets
Authors: Duxbury Darren 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper, and a companion paper (Duxbury, 2015), is to review the insights provided by experimental studies examining financial decisions and market behavior.Design/methodology/approach– Focus is directed on those studies examining explicitly, or with direct implications for, the most robustly identified phenomena or stylized facts observed in behavioral finance. The themes for this first paper are theory and financial markets.Findings– Experiments complement the findings from empirical studies in behavioral finance by avoiding some of the limitations or assumptions implicit in such studies.Originality/value– The authors synthesize the valuable contribution made by experimental studies in extending the knowledge of the functioning of financial markets and the financial behavior of individuals.
Bacterial sensing underlies artificial sweetener‐induced growth of gut Lactobacillus
Authors: Daly Kristian , Darby Alistair C. , Hall Neil , Wilkinson Mark C. , Pongchaikul Pisut , Bravo David , Shirazi‐Beechey Soraya P. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryDisruption in stable establishment of commensal gut microbiota by early weaning is an important factor in susceptibility of young animals to enteric disorders. The artificial sweetener SUCRAM [consisting of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) and saccharin] included in piglets' feed reduces incidence of enteric disease. Pyrosequencing of pig caecal 16S rRNA gene amplicons identified 25 major families encompassing seven bacterial classes with Bacteroidia, Clostridia and Bacilli dominating the microbiota. There were significant shifts in microbial composition in pigs maintained on a diet containing SUCRAM, establishing SUCRAM as a major influence driving bacterial community dynamics. The most notable change was a significant increase of Lactobacillaceae population abundance, almost entirely due to a single phylotype, designated Lactobacillus 4228. The sweetener‐induced increase in Lactobacillaceae was observed in two different breeds of pigs signifying a general effect. We isolated Lactobacillus 4228, sequenced its genome and found it to be related to Lactobacillus amylovorus. In vitro analyses of Lactobacillus 4228 growth characteristics showed that presence of NHDC significantly reduces the lag phase of growth and enhances expression of specific sugar transporters, independently of NHDC metabolism. This study suggests that sensing of NHDC by a bacterial plasma membrane receptor underlies sweetener‐induced growth of a health promoting gut bacterium.
Segment Disclosure Transparency and Internal Capital Market Efficiency: Evidence from SFAS No. 131
Authors: CHO YOUNG JUN 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTUsing the adoption of SFAS 131, I examine the effect of segment disclosure transparency on internal capital market efficiency. SFAS 131 requires firms to define segments as internally viewed by managers, thereby improving the transparency of managerial actions in internal capital allocation. I find that diversified firms that improved segment disclosure transparency by changing segment definitions upon adoption of SFAS 131 experienced an improvement in capital allocation efficiency in internal capital markets after the adoption of SFAS 131. In addition, I find that the improvement in internal capital market efficiency was greater for firms that suffered more severe agency problems before the adoption of SFAS 131 and also for firms whose managers faced stronger incentives to improve efficiency after the adoption of SFAS 131. My results suggest that more transparent segment information can help resolve agency conflicts in the internal capital markets of diversified firms, thus improving investment efficiency.
Screening in delirium: A pilot study of two screening tools, the Simple Query for Easy Evaluation of Consciousness and Simple Question in Delirium
Authors: Lin Hui‐Shan , Eeles Eamonn , Pandy Shaun , Pinsker Donna , Brasch Cecily , Yerkovich Stephanie 
Published: June 2015

AimDelirium is poorly recognised and inadequately treated in medical settings. This research aimed to determine the psychometric properties of a newly developed tool, SQeeC against another emergent instrument, SQiD, in the screening of delirium.MethodsThe SQeeC was administered to 100 patients and SQiD administered to their informants in the general medical wards of a General Hospital. Data were compared with the reference standard geriatric consultant assessment of delirium.ResultsCompared with the reference standard, the SQeeC was found to have a sensitivity of 83% (95% CI 52–98%) and a specificity of 81% (95% CI 72–89%) with a negative predictive value of 97% (95% CI 90–100%) while the SQiD was found to have a sensitivity of 77% (95% CI 56–91%), a specificity of 51% (95% CI 37–64%) and a negative predictive value of 83% (95% CI 66–93%).ConclusionThe SQeeC and SQiD are simple and time efficient screening tools with encouraging psychometric properties.