bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiration rate estimation from channel state information in wireless body area networks
Authors: Tsouri G.R. , Maimon O. 
Published: May 2014

Respiration rate is an important measure for assessing a patient's health and is typically measured using obtrusive devices. A non‐obtrusive method of estimating respiration rate by taking advantage of data packets being sent from sensor nodes in a wireless body area network is proposed and investigated. In contradistinction to other methods, the proposed method does not require dedicated hardware and does not impose overheads on transmission power and throughput. Instead, it makes use of data packets already being sent to support some other physiological monitoring applications such as cardiac, temperature or motion monitoring. The method is demonstrated on a single subject and results are presented from a study including 40 measurements taken from eight subjects. The mean estimation error in the study was 0.58 breaths per minute. The proposed method can be used to augment wireless body monitoring applications with important respiration rate measurements without imposing overheads on the compact sensor nodes.
Transmission of data with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique for communication networks using GHz frequency band soliton carrier
Authors: Amiri I.S. , Ebrahimi M. , Yazdavar A.H. , Ghorbani S. , Alavi S.E. , Idrus S.M. , Ali J. 
Published: May 2014

Microring resonators (MRRs) can be used to generate optical millimetre‐wave solitons with a broadband frequency of 40–60 GHz. Non‐linear light behaviours within MRRs, such as chaotic signals, can be used to generate logic codes (digital codes). The soliton signals can be multiplexed and modulated with the logic codes using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique to transmit the data via a network system. OFDM uses overlapping subcarriers without causing inter‐carrier interference. It provides both a high data rate and symbol duration using frequency division multiplexing over multiple subcarriers within one channel. The results show that MRRs support both single‐carrier and multi‐carrier optical soliton pulses, which can be used in an OFDM based on whether fast Fourier transform or discrete wavelet transform transmission/receiver system. Localised ultra‐short soliton pulses within frequencies of 50 and 52 GHz can be seen at the throughput port of the panda system with respect to full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) and free spectrum range of 5 MHz and 2 GHz, respectively. The soliton pulses with FWHMs of 10 MHz could be generated at the drop port. Therefore, transmission of data information can be performed via a communication network using soliton pulse carriers and an OFDM technique.
Benzo‐cyclo‐butene bonding process with ‘stamp’ printing for wafer level package
Authors: Xia Wen , Li Lei , Deng Kangfa , Li Song , Su Weiguo , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2014

Presented is a novel process of benzo‐cyclo‐butene (BCB) bonding for a wafer level package with ‘stamp’ printing, in which the BCB structure is transferred and patterned by pressing the cap wafer towards another wafer with a liquid BCB layer. Compared with the conventional BCB bonding process, this new method not only avoids the residual polymer inside the cavity to extend the application of BCB bonding in the complex three‐dimensional structures but also raises the bonding strength because of the non‐treatment before bonding. The key process parameters, such as the auxiliary wafer material, pre‐curing time and bonding pressure were optimised after a series of contrast experiments. The bonding quality was evaluated qualitatively by manual separation and quantitatively by a tensile bonding test. This new method has a minimum bonding strength of 5.9 MPa, which is more than ten times the conventional one. Besides, the bonding yield reaches 80% in five groups of 4‐inch wafers. Finally, this process was successfully utilised in an acceleration microswitch.
A system for trapping barium ions in a microfabricated surface trap
Authors: Graham R. D. , Chen S.-P. , Sakrejda T. , Wright J. , Zhou Z. , Blinov B. B. 
Published: May 2014

We have developed a vacuum chamber and control system for rapid testing of microfabricated surface ion traps. Our system is modular in design and is based on an in-vacuum printed circuit board with integrated filters. We have used this system to successfully trap and cool barium ions and have achieved ion ‘dark' lifetimes of 31.6 s ± 3.4 s with controlled shuttling of ions. We provide a detailed description of the ion trap system including the in-vacuum materials used, control electronics and neutral atom source. We discuss the challenges presented in achieving a system which can work reliably over two years of operations in which the trap under test was changed at least 10 times.
Interactions between chromosomal and nonchromosomal elements reveal missing heritability
Authors: Edwards Matthew D. , Symbor-Nagrabska Anna , Dollard Lindsey , Gifford David K. , Fink Gerald R. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
We show that the phenotype of an organism can be affected both by chromosomal and nonchromosomal information. The influence of the cytoplasmic, nonchromosomal information can have a profound effect on the phenotype and can be great enough to mask the effect of a chromosomal mutation. Our ability to quantify the contribution of this cytoplasmic component shows that it could comprise a significant portion of the “missing heritability.” In addition, our findings highlight the possibility of mitochondrial/nuclear incompatibility, which could be an important consideration in evaluating the feasibility of mitochondrial replacement therapy in humans.
An estimate for the Green’s function
Authors: Solynin Alexander 
Published: May 2014

Let

K
K

be a continuum on

C

{\mathbb {C}}

and let

g

Ω
(
K
)

(
z
,
∞
)

g_{\Omega (K)}(z,\infty )

be the Green’s function of

Ω
(
K
)
=

C

¯

∖
K

\Omega (K)=\overline {{\mathbb {C}}}\setminus K

. In a recent paper, V. Totik proved that

g

Ω
(
K
)

(

z
0

,
∞
)

g_{\Omega (K)}(z_0,\infty )

≤
C

d
i
s
t
(

z
0

,
∞

)

1

/

2

\le C\,dist(z_0,\infty )^{1/2}

with some non-sharp constant

C
C

depending only on the diameter of

K
K

. He also used this inequality to prove new results on polynomial approximation in

C

\mathbb {C}

. In this note we prove a sharp version of Totik’s inequality and discuss a conjectural sharp lower bound for

g

Ω
(
K
)

(

z
0

,
∞
)

g_{\Omega (K)}(z_0,\infty )

.
SNPsea: an algorithm to identify cell types, tissues and pathways affected by risk loci
Authors: Slowikowski Kamil , Hu Xinli , Raychaudhuri Soumya 
Published: May 2014

Summary: We created a fast, robust and general C++ implementation of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) set enrichment algorithm to identify cell types, tissues and pathways affected by risk loci. It tests trait-associated genomic loci for enrichment of specificity to conditions (cell types, tissues and pathways). We use a non-parametric statistical approach to compute empirical P-values by comparison with null SNP sets. As a proof of concept, we present novel applications of our method to four sets of genome-wide significant SNPs associated with red blood cell count, multiple sclerosis, celiac disease and HDL cholesterol.
Availability and implementation: http://broadinstitute.org/mpg/snpsea
Contact: soumya@broadinstitute.org
Supplementary information: Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Exploring protein domain organization by recognition of secondary structure packing interfaces
Authors: Deng Lizong , Wu Aiping , Dai Wentao , Song Tingrui , Cui Ya , Jiang Taijiao 
Published: May 2014

Motivation: Protein domains are fundamental units of protein structure, function and evolution; thus, it is critical to gain a deep understanding of protein domain organization. Previous works have attempted to identify key residues involved in organization of domain architecture. Because one of the most important characteristics of domain architecture is the arrangement of secondary structure elements (SSEs), here we present a picture of domain organization through an integrated consideration of SSE arrangements and residue contact networks.
Results: In this work, by representing SSEs as main-chain scaffolds and side-chain interfaces and through construction of residue contact networks, we have identified the SSE interfaces well packed within protein domains as SSE packing clusters. In total, 17 334 SSE packing clusters were recognized from 9015 Structural Classification of Proteins domains of &lt;40% sequence identity. The similar SSE packing clusters were observed not only among domains of the same folds, but also among domains of different folds, indicating their roles as common scaffolds for organization of protein domains. Further analysis of 14 small single-domain proteins reveals a high correlation between the SSE packing clusters and the folding nuclei. Consistent with their important roles in domain organization, SSE packing clusters were found to be more conserved than other regions within the same proteins.
Contact: taijiao@moon.ibp.ac.cn
Supplementary information: Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
PyCorrFit—generic data evaluation for fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Müller Paul , Schwille Petra , Weidemann Thomas 
Published: May 2014

Summary: We present a graphical user interface (PyCorrFit) for the fitting of theoretical model functions to experimental data obtained by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). The program supports many data file formats and features a set of tools specialized in FCS data evaluation.
Availability and implementation: The Python source code is freely available for download from the PyCorrFit web page at http://pycorrfit.craban.de. We offer binaries for Ubuntu Linux, Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows.
Contact: paul.mueller@biotec.tu-dresden.de and weidemann@biochem.mpg.de
Universal dynamical properties preclude standard clustering in a large class of biochemical data
Authors: Gomez Florian , Stoop Ralph L. , Stoop Ruedi 
Published: May 2014

Motivation: Clustering of chemical and biochemical data based on observed features is a central cognitive step in the analysis of chemical substances, in particular in combinatorial chemistry, or of complex biochemical reaction networks. Often, for reasons unknown to the researcher, this step produces disappointing results. Once the sources of the problem are known, improved clustering methods might revitalize the statistical approach of compound and reaction search and analysis. Here, we present a generic mechanism that may be at the origin of many clustering difficulties.
Results: The variety of dynamical behaviors that can be exhibited by complex biochemical reactions on variation of the system parameters are fundamental system fingerprints. In parameter space, shrimp-like or swallow-tail structures separate parameter sets that lead to stable periodic dynamical behavior from those leading to irregular behavior. We work out the genericity of this phenomenon and demonstrate novel examples for their occurrence in realistic models of biophysics. Although we elucidate the phenomenon by considering the emergence of periodicity in dependence on system parameters in a low-dimensional parameter space, the conclusions from our simple setting are shown to continue to be valid for features in a higher-dimensional feature space, as long as the feature-generating mechanism is not too extreme and the dimension of this space is not too high compared with the amount of available data.
Availability and implementation: For online versions of super-paramagnetic clustering see http://stoop.ini.uzh.ch/research/clustering.
Contact: ruedi@ini.phys.ethz.ch
Supplementary information: Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Active vs. Passive Decisions and Crowd-Out in Retirement Savings Accounts: Evidence from Denmark
*
Authors: Chetty Raj , Friedman John N. , Leth-Petersen Søren , Nielsen Torben Heien , Olsen Tore 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Using 41 million observations on savings for the population of Denmark, we show that the effects of retirement savings policies on wealth accumulation depend on whether they change savings rates by active or passive choice. Subsidies for retirement accounts, which rely on individuals to take an action to raise savings, primarily induce individuals to shift assets from taxable accounts to retirement accounts. We estimate that each $1 of government expenditure on subsidies increases total saving by only 1 cent. In contrast, policies that raise retirement contributions if individuals take no action—such as automatic employer contributions to retirement accounts—increase wealth accumulation substantially. We estimate that approximately 15% of individuals are “active savers” who respond to tax subsidies primarily by shifting assets across accounts; 85% of individuals are “passive savers” who are unresponsive to subsidies but are instead heavily influenced by automatic contributions made on their behalf. Active savers tend to be wealthier and more financially sophisticated. We conclude that automatic contributions are more effective at increasing savings rates than subsidies for three reasons: (i) subsidies induce relatively few individuals to respond, (ii) they generate substantial crowd-out conditional on response, and (iii) they do not increase the savings of passive individuals, who are least prepared for retirement.
The Life Cycle of Plants in India and Mexico *
Authors: Hsieh Chang-Tai , Klenow Peter J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn the United States, the average 40-year-old plant employs more than seven times as many workers as the typical plant 5 years or younger. In contrast, surviving plants in India and Mexico exhibit much slower growth, roughly doubling in size over the same age range. The divergence in plant dynamics suggests lower investments by Indian and Mexican plants in process efficiency, quality, and in accessing markets at home and abroad. In simple general equilibrium models, we find that the difference in life cycle dynamics could lower aggregate manufacturing productivity on the order of 25 percent in India and Mexico relative to the United States.
Trade and the Topography of the Spatial Economy
*
Authors: Allen Treb , Arkolakis Costas 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We develop a general equilibrium framework to determine the spatial distribution of economic activity on any surface with (nearly) any geography. Combining the gravity structure of trade with labor mobility, we provide conditions for the existence, uniqueness, and stability of a spatial economic equilibrium and derive a simple set of equations that govern the relationship between economic activity and the geography of the surface. We then use the framework to estimate the topography of trade costs, productivities and amenities in the United States. We find that geographic location accounts for at least twenty percent of the spatial variation in U.S. income. Finally, we calculate that the construction of the interstate highway system increased welfare by 1.1 to 1.4 percent, which is substantially larger than its cost.
An appraisal of the classic forest succession paradigm with the shade tolerance index
Authors: Lienard Jean , Florescu Ionut , Strigul Nikolay 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this paper we revisit the classic theory of forest succession that relates shade tolerance and species replacement and assess its validity to understand patch-mosaic patterns of forested ecosystems of the USA. We introduce a macroscopic parameter called the “shade tolerance index” and compare it to the classic continuum index in southern Wisconsin forests. We exemplify shade tolerance driven succession in White Pine–Eastern Hemlock forests using computer simulations and analyzing approximated chronosequence data from the USDA FIA forest inventory. We describe this parameter across the last 50 years in the ecoregions of mainland USA, and demonstrate that it does not correlate with the usual macroscopic characteristics of stand age, biomass, basal area, and biodiversity measures. We characterize the dynamics of shade tolerance index using transition matrices and delimit geographical areas based on the relevance of shade tolerance to explain forest succession. We conclude that shade tolerance driven succession is linked to climatic variables and can be considered as a primary driving factor of forest dynamics mostly in central-north and northeastern areas in the USA. Overall, the shade tolerance index constitutes a new quantitative approach that can be used to understand and predict succession of forested ecosystems and biogeographic patterns.
Data-intensive modeling of forest dynamics
Authors: Liénard Jean F. , Gravel Dominique , Strigul Nikolay S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractForest dynamics are highly dimensional phenomena that are not fully understood theoretically. Forest inventory datasets offer unprecedented opportunities to model these dynamics, but they are analytically challenging due to high dimensionality and sampling irregularities across years. We develop a data-intensive methodology for predicting forest stand dynamics using such datasets. Our methodology involves the following steps: 1) computing stand level characteristics from individual tree measurements, 2) reducing the characteristic dimensionality through analyses of their correlations, 3) parameterizing transition matrices for each uncorrelated dimension using Gibbs sampling, and 4) deriving predictions of forest developments at different timescales. Applying our methodology to a forest inventory database from Quebec, Canada, we discovered that four uncorrelated dimensions were required to describe the stand structure: the biomass, biodiversity, shade tolerance index and stand age. We were able to successfully estimate transition matrices for each of these dimensions. The model predicted substantial short-term increases in biomass and longer-term increases in the average age of trees, biodiversity, and shade intolerant species. Using highly dimensional and irregularly sampled forest inventory data, our original data-intensive methodology provides both descriptions of the short-term dynamics as well as predictions of forest development on a longer timescale. This method can be applied in other contexts such as conservation and silviculture, and can be delivered as an efficient tool for sustainable forest management.
Distributed acoustic sensing for reservoir monitoring with vertical seismic profiling
Authors: Mateeva Albena , Lopez Jorge , Potters Hans , Mestayer Jeff , Cox Barbara , Kiyashchenko Denis , Wills Peter , Grandi Samantha , Hornman Kees , Kuvshinov Boris , Berlang Wilfred , Yang Zhaohui , Detomo Rocco 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTDistributed Acoustic Sensing is a novel technology for seismic data acquisition, particularly suitable for Vertical Seismic Profiling. It is a break‐through for low‐cost, on‐demand, seismic monitoring of reservoirs, both onshore and offshore.In this article we explain how Distributed Acoustic Sensing works and demonstrate its usability for typical Vertical Seismic Profiling applications such as checkshots, imaging, and time‐lapse monitoring. We show numerous data examples, and discuss Distributed Acoustic Sensing as an enabler of seismic monitoring with 3D Vertical Seismic Profiling.
Breakdown of the Gutenberg‐Richter relation for microearthquakes induced by hydraulic fracturing: influence of stratabound fractures
Authors: Eaton David W. , Davidsen Jörn , Pedersen Per Kent , Boroumand Neda 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTHydraulic fracturing, a powerful completion technique used to enhance oil or gas production from impermeable strata, may trigger unintended earthquake activity. The primary basis for assessment of triggered and natural seismic hazard is the classic Gutenberg‐Richter (G‐R) relation, which expresses scale‐independent behaviour of earthquake magnitudes. Here we use a stochastic approach to simulate and test magnitude‐distance trends expressed by microseismic catalogues derived from three hydraulic fracture monitoring programmes in North America. We show that a widely observed rapid fall‐off in large‐magnitude events, almost universally quantified using the G‐R b value, may in our case be an artefact of the strongly laminated character of the stimulated oil and gas reservoirs. We also show that, for the three reservoirs considered, mechanical bed thickness can be approximated by a lognormal distribution. For a stratabound fracture network, this leads asymptotically to a Gaussian decay for induced magnitudes. We show that the stratabound model provides a more significant correspondence with our observations. If applicable in general, this result has important implications for determining the energy balance of hydraulic fracture systems (i.e. radiated seismic energy versus injected energy) as well as hazard assessments based on the probability of occurrence of anomalous seismic events.
The number of competitor species is unlinked to sexual dimorphism
Authors: Meiri Shai , Kadison Amy E. , Novosolov Maria , Pafilis Panayiotis , Foufopoulos Johannes , Itescu Yuval , Raia Pasquale , Pincheira‐Donoso Daniel 
Published: May 2014

Summary

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) can allow males and females of the same species to specialize on different sized food items and therefore minimize intraspecific competition.

Interspecific competition, however, is thought to limit sexual dimorphism, as larger competitors in the community will prevent the larger sex from evolving larger size, and smaller species may prevent the smaller sex from becoming even smaller.

We tested this prediction using data on the sexual size dimorphism of lizards, and mammalian carnivores, on islands world‐wide.

Because insular communities are depauperate, and guilds are species‐poor, it is often assumed that enhanced sexual size dimorphism is common on islands. The intensity of interspecific competition, hindering enhanced dimorphism, is thought to increase with competitor richness.

We tested whether intraspecific sexual size dimorphism of mammalian carnivores and lizards decreases with increasing island species richness. We further computed the average sexual dimorphism of species on islands and tested whether species‐rich islands are inhabited by relatively monomorphic species. Within families and guilds across carnivores and lizards, and with both intraspecific and interspecific approaches, we consistently failed to find support for the notion that species‐poor islands harbour more sexually dimorphic individuals or species.

We conclude that either interspecific competition does not affect the sexual size dimorphism of insular lizards and carnivores (i.e. character displacement and species sorting are rare in these taxa), or that the number of species in an assemblage or guild is a poor proxy for the intensity of interspecific competition in insular assemblages.