bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the physical health of long-term psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Hjorth Peter , Davidsen Annette S , Kilian Reinhold , Pilgaard Eriksen Susan , Jensen Signe OW , Sørensen Helle Ø , Munk-Jørgensen Povl 
Published: May 2014

Background: Patients with psychiatric illness have increased somatic morbidity and increased mortality. Knowledge of how to integrate the prevention and care of somatic illness into the treatment of psychiatric patients is required. The aims of this study were to investigate whether an intervention programme to improve physical health is effective. Methods: An extension of the European Network for Promoting the Health of Residents in Psychiatric and Social Care Institutions (HELPS) project further developed as a 12-month controlled cluster-randomized intervention study in the Danish centre. Waist circumference was a proxy of unhealthy body fat in view of the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Results: Waist circumference was 108 cm for men and 108 cm for women. Controlled for cluster randomization, sex, age, and body fat, the intervention group showed a small, but not significant, reduction in waist circumference, while participants in the control group showed a significant increase in waist circumference. Conclusions: The intervention had a positive effect on the physical health of the patients measured by a reduction in the increase of waist circumference.
Perplexing Lesions of the Sinonasal Cavity and Skull Base: IgG4‐related and Similar Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Cain Rachel B. , Colby Thomas V. , Balan Vijayan , Patel Naresh P. , Lal Devyani 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveIgG4‐related disease (IgG4RD) causing sinonasal and skull base pathology is uncommonly described. We present a series of suspected IgG4RD patients, with a pertinent review of the literature to highlight diagnostic challenges.Study DesignCase series.SettingAcademic tertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsCase series of patients with IgG4RD or suspected IgG4RD involving the sinonasal cavity and skull base.ResultsWe present 4 patients with atypical sinonasal and/or skull base disease who were noted to have IgG4‐positive plasma cell infiltration on immunohistochemistry of biopsy specimens. IgG4RD, a recently described entity affecting multiple organs, is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and often elevated serum IgG4. IgG4RD can masquerade as malignancy or infection but responds to glucocorticosteroid and immunosuppressant therapy. IgG4RD has been infrequently reported presenting as sinonasal or skull base lesions, and definitive diagnostic criteria for these regions are not established. In our series, IgG4RD was suspected in all 4 patients, but only 1 met all current criteria for definitive diagnosis. All 4 patients, however, responded to corticosteroid therapy, and 1 was placed on long‐term azathioprine.ConclusionIgG4RD is rarely described in the sinonasal cavity and skull base, and specific diagnostic criteria for such disease have not been defined. We present a series of patients with IgG4‐positive plasma cell inflammatory pathology who were suspected to have IgG4RD. Our series highlights diagnostic challenges associated with these patients. Tumefactive and destructive sinonasal‐skull base lesions with a plasma cell‐rich infiltrate should incite suspicion of IgG4RD, and immunohistochemistry for IgG4‐positive plasma cells should be performed.
Occipital nerve stimulation for chronic migraine: A randomized trial on subthreshold stimulation
Authors: Slotty PJ , Bara G , Kowatz L , Gendolla A , Wille C , Schu S , Vesper J 
Published: May 2014

Introduction Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) may provide pain relief in migraine patients. In this double-blinded trial we investigated the significance of paresthesia and possible placebo effects. Methods Patients already treated with ONS reporting stable treatment effect were included. “Effective stimulation,” “subthreshold stimulation” and “no stimulation” were compared. Patients cycled through all three treatment groups. Outcome was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, McGill Pain Questionnaire and SF-36. Results Eight patients were included, mean preoperative VAS was 8.20 ± 1.22. A significant improvement in pain was observed in favor of suprathreshold stimulation compared to subthreshold stimulation (1.98 ± 1.56 vs 5.65 ± 2.11). Pain also significantly improved under subthreshold stimulation compared to no stimulation (5.65 ± 2.11 vs 8.45 ± 0.99). No changes in SF-36 were observed. Conclusions Paresthesia is not required to achieve pain reduction but suprathreshold stimulation yields better results, underlining the significance of stimulation parameter customization.
Fear of pain in pediatric headache
Authors: Simons Laura E , Pielech Melissa , Cappucci Stefanie , Lebel Alyssa 
Published: May 2014

Objective The current study provides the first measure of pain-related fear for pediatric headache patients. Methods From a large pediatric headache clinic, a cross-sectional cohort of 206 children and adolescents completed measures of pain-related fear, anxiety sensitivity, catastrophizing, pain acceptance, functional disability, and school functioning. Results The two-factor solution of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FOPQ) was confirmed from the originally derived structure with pediatric headache patients. Simultaneously regressing FOPQ subscales fear of pain and activity avoidance on theorized construct validity measures demonstrated that fear of pain was more closely linked with anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing while activity avoidance had a strong negative association with pain acceptance (activity engagement and pain willingness). Pain-related fear was not significantly associated with pain level. After controlling for demographic factors and pain, fear of pain and activity avoidance accounted for an additional 26% of the variance in functional disability and school functioning outcomes, with activity avoidance accounting for much of this relationship. Conclusions Although typically considered an influential construct among musculoskeletal patients, pain-related fear is also an important factor influencing functioning among pediatric headache patients, with the dimension of activity avoidance particularly salient.
Prevalence and predictors of anaemia in patients with HIV infection at the initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Mijiti Peierdun , Yuexin Zhang , Min Liu , Wubuli Maimaitili , Kejun Pan , Upur Halmurat 
Published: May 2014

Summary We retrospectively analysed routinely collected baseline data of 2252 patients with HIV infection registered in the National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program in Xinjiang province, China, from 2006 to 2011 to estimate the prevalence and predictors of anaemia at the initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy. Anaemia was diagnosed using the criteria set forth by the World Health Organisation, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine its predictors. The prevalences of mild, moderate, and severe anaemia at the initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy were 19.2%, 17.1%, and 2.6%, respectively. Overall, 38.9% of the patients were anaemic at the initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that Uyghur ethnicity, female gender, lower CD4 count, lower body mass index value, self-reported tuberculosis infection, and oral candidiasis were associated with a higher prevalence of anaemia, whereas higher serum alanine aminotransferase level was associated with a lower prevalence of anaemia. The results suggest that the overall prevalence of anaemia at the initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection is high in Xinjiang, China, but severe anaemia is uncommon. Patients in China should be routinely checked for anaemia prior to combined antiretroviral therapy initiation, and healthcare providers should carefully select the appropriate first-line combined antiretroviral therapy regimens for anaemic patients.
Can an asymptomatic screening pathway for men who have sex with men be introduced safely at a level 3 sexual health service in the UK?
Authors: Collister Alex , Bains Manroop , Jackson Rachel , Clarke Emily , Patel Raj 
Published: May 2014

Summary To manage the rising demand on sexual health services in the UK, many clinics have introduced asymptomatic screening pathways for heterosexuals, which omit examination. In men who have sex with men however the screening of extragenital sites poses additional challenges. This study aimed to establish whether omitting examination of asymptomatic men who have sex with men would lead to clinically significant diagnoses being missed. The notes of all men who have sex with men who attended a UK level 3 sexual health clinic between 1 July 2011 and 30 June 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Exclusion criteria included HIV-positive patients attending for HIV-related care, attendances for follow-up consultations not requiring a full sexual health screen, symptomatic patients, contacts of sexually transmitted infections and patients requesting an examination or a repeat prescription of a regularly used medication. In all, 920 consultations occurred during 12 months, of which 893 were reviewed; 476 (53.3%) consultations would have been eligible for screening on an asymptomatic pathway and, of these, 21 (4.4%) had abnormalities found at examination. Findings included genital warts, minor dermatological conditions and three cases of minor asymptomatic urological conditions. There were no clinically significant findings on examination of asymptomatic men who have sex with men requiring treatment, indicating that examination in this cohort may be of little benefit.
A supported employment linkage intervention for people with schizophrenia who want a chance to work
Authors: Solar Ann 
Published: May 2014

Objective: Investigate feasibility and development of a linkage intervention to the evidence-based Individual Placement and Support (IPS) approach to supported employment (SE) for patients with schizophrenia on a mental health unit who want to work in competitive employment. Method: Literature review about the evidence-based IPS approach to SE in schizophrenia and why it might not be implemented in mental health services. Analysis of 10 adult mental health unit multidisciplinary staff interviews for categories in the literature review of IPS implementation barriers and whether these barriers could be overcome. Results: There was lack of full staff knowledge of the IPS approach to SE. However, all staff knew respect for patient choice was paramount, community employment programs existed for the disabled, an outreach linkage process to such a program and ongoing support for people with schizophrenia would be required. There was staff ambivalence about SE for patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion: Despite staff ambivalence about SE for people with schizophrenia there was still enough staff knowledge and openness to shape an IPS linkage intervention from a staff perspective.
A state-wide quality improvement system utilising nurse-led clinics for clozapine management
Authors: Clark Scott R , Wilton Lisa , Baune Bernhard T , Procter Nicholas , Hustig Harry 
Published: May 2014

Objectives: This paper describes the implementation of a state-wide clozapine management system to improve the quality of care for those with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. This intervention includes standardised forms, computer-based monitoring and alerting and nurse-led clinics for stable consumers. Methods: Methods used during system development included medical record and clinical information system audit, consensus review of available evidence and qualitative review of existing forms, systems and stakeholder opinion. Results: Nurse-led monitoring safely reduced medical outpatient appointments by 119 per week in metropolitan public clinics. In the 15 months following the implementation of all interventions, mortality associated with physical illness not related to malignancy was reduced from an average of 5 deaths per year to one. Conclusions: Differing interpretations of clozapine guidelines have contributed to confusion around monitoring. Standardised documentation has helped to increase understanding and improve protocol adherence. A regular training programme has increased basic knowledge of risks and protocols. Computer-based documentation and alerting systems have improved communication between hospital and community-based teams and prompted early intervention reducing the risk of adverse events. These factors have combined to help improve outcomes in clozapine management. Nurse-led clinics are a safe and efficient alternative for monitoring clozapine treatment.
Technical Perspectives on Theory in Screen-Based Virtual Reality Environments
Authors: Ausburn Lynna J. , Ausburn Floyd B. 
Published: May 2014

The Problem Human resource development (HRD) functions in a world of exploding technology to which it has responded by developing virtual HRD (VHRD). Through appropriate technology, VHRD can lead organizations into more effective learning, both formal and informal. Screen-based virtual reality environments (SVREs) are well suited as a platform for this learning advancement. However, many HRD professionals may be unfamiliar with the technical theories underpinning SVRE design. Understanding these theories is important for using this technology effectively. The Solution This article offers HRD professionals an introduction to SVREs and the technical theory inherent within their design, and discusses implications of SVREs for learning and VHRD. It also describes the Theory U leadership model as a framework for researching and using SVREs in VHRD. The Stakeholders This article is aimed at both VHRD researchers and practitioners. It encourages researcher/practitioner partnerships as an appropriate strategy for developing, evaluating, and applying this technology.
Case review in urology multidisciplinary team meetings: What members think of its functioning
Authors: Sarkar Somita , Arora Sonal , Lamb Benjamin W , Green James SA , Sevdalis Nick , Darzi Ara 
Published: May 2014

Objective: To improve communication and decision making between specialists, multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) were introduced with the premise they would improve cancer care for patients. Minimal evidence exists on MDT functionality. We investigated MDT members’ views on barriers to optimal functioning and explored their suggestions for improvements. Materials and methods: Twenty urology MDT members from seven hospitals including surgeons, oncologists, pathologists, radiologists and clinical nurse specialists took part in a semi-structured interview study. Interviews focused on information presentation, case discussion, factors affecting the multidisciplinary team meeting (MDM) and potential improvements. Interviews were transcribed and analysed through emergent theme analysis. Results: Factors negatively influencing the MDMs included insufficient time to prepare cases so that enough information is available to make appropriate decisions; absence of the clinician in charge or not knowing the patient; and lack of a systematic approach to case discussion. Recommendations included protected time for case preparation, focusing on performance and comorbidities of the patient, standardising the MDT meeting and improving case selection. Conclusions: MDTs in urology have contributed to advances in cancer care but there is significant scope for further improvement. Implementing recommendations from team members on the front line may help drive quality in this sensitive domain.
Managing the potential and pitfalls during clinical translation of emerging stem cell therapies
Authors: Main Heather , Munsie Megan , O’Connor Michael D 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe are moving into a new era of stem cell research where many possibilities for treatment of degenerative, chronic and/or fatal diseases and injuries are becoming primed for clinical trial. These reports have led millions of people worldwide to hope that regenerative medicine is about to revolutionise biomedicine: either through transplantation of cells grown in the laboratory, or by finding ways to stimulate a patient's intrinsic stem cells to repair diseased and damaged organs. While major contributions of stem cells to drug discovery, safety and efficacy testing, as well as modelling ‘diseases in a dish’ are also expected, it is the in vivo use of stem cells that has captured the general public's attention. However, public misconceptions of stem cell potential and applications can leave patients vulnerable to the influences of profit driven entities selling unproven treatments without solid scientific basis or appropriate clinical testing or follow up. This review provides a brief history of stem cell clinical translation together with an overview of the properties, potential, and current clinical application of various stem cell types. In doing so it presents a clearer picture of the inherent risks and opportunities associated with stem cell research translation, and thus offers a framework to help realise invested expectations more quickly, safely and effectively.
Overcoming the translational roadblocks: a cancer care and research model
Authors: Braun Lauren , Daudt Helena ML , Watson Peter 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThere are many challenges to the process of translating the knowledge gained in the laboratory into new clinical approaches that can meet the needs of patients, clinicians and the wider community. We describe here an initiative that has borrowed concepts and principles from participatory research to produce a new process embedded in a cancer center aiming to facilitate translational research and overcome the three translational roadblocks. The centre‐wide project named Personal Response Determinants in Cancer Therapy (PREDICT) operates with the support of the centre's leadership, staff, volunteers and patients to contribute to current and future cancer research successes. We describe the different phases of the project, the current structure and lessons learned during its evolution, highlighting how PREDICT contributes to translational research and its linkage to participatory research concepts. Despite the contextualized nature of the PREDICT initiative, we believe that the framework developed for the project has the potential to help other clinical centers to overcome the translational research roadblocks.
Introducing an osteopathic approach into neonatology ward: the NE-O model
Authors: Cerritelli Francesco , Martelli Marta , Renzetti Cinzia , Pizzolorusso Gianfranco , Cozzolino Vincenzo , Barlafante Gina 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Background
Several studies showed the effect of osteopathic manipulative treatment on neonatal care in reducing length of stay in hospital, gastrointestinal problems, clubfoot complications and improving cranial asymmetry of infants affected by plagiocephaly. Despite several results obtained, there is still a lack of standardized osteopathic evaluation and treatment procedures for newborns recovered in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The aim of this paper is to suggest a protocol on osteopathic approach (NE-O model) in treating hospitalized newborns.

Methods
The NE-O model is composed by specific evaluation tests and treatments to tailor osteopathic method according to preterm and term infants’ needs, NICU environment, medical and paramedical assistance. This model was developed to maximize the effectiveness and the clinical use of osteopathy into NICU.

Results
The NE-O model was adopted in 2006 to evaluate the efficacy of OMT in neonatology. Results from research showed the effectiveness of this osteopathic model in reducing preterms’ length of stay and hospital costs. Additionally the present model was demonstrated to be safe.

Conclusion
The present paper defines the key steps for a rigorous and effective osteopathic approach into NICU setting, providing a scientific and methodological example of integrated medicine and complex intervention.
Phenotypic and metabolic traits of commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts
Authors: Barbosa Catarina , Lage Patrícia , Vilela Alice , Mendes-Faia Arlete , Mendes-Ferreira Ana 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCurrently, pursuing yeast strains that display both a high potential fitness for alcoholic fermentation and a favorable impact on quality is a major goal in the alcoholic beverage industry. This considerable industrial interest has led to many studies characterizing the phenotypic and metabolic traits of commercial yeast populations. In this study, 20Saccharomyces cerevisiaestrains from different geographical origins exhibited high phenotypic diversity when their response to nine biotechnologically relevant conditions was examined. Next, the fermentation fitness and metabolic traits of eight selected strains with a unique phenotypic profile were evaluated in a high-sugar synthetic medium under two nitrogen regimes. Although the strains exhibited significant differences in nitrogen requirements and utilization rates, a direct relationship between nitrogen consumption, specific growth rate, cell biomass, cell viability, acetic acid and glycerol formation was only observed under high-nitrogen conditions. In contrast, the strains produced more succinic acid under the low-nitrogen regime, and a direct relationship with the final cell biomass was established. Glucose and fructose utilization patterns depended on both yeast strain and nitrogen availability. For low-nitrogen fermentation, three strains did not fully degrade the fructose.This study validates phenotypic and metabolic diversity among commercial wine yeasts and contributes new findings on the relationship between nitrogen availability, yeast cell growth and sugar utilization. We suggest that measuring nitrogen during the stationary growth phase is important because yeast cells fermentative activity is not exclusively related to population size, as previously assumed, but it is also related to the quantity of nitrogen consumed during this growth phase.
Impact of the diagnostic changes to post-traumatic stress
disorder for DSM-5 and the proposed changes to ICD-11
Authors: O'Donnell Meaghan L. , Alkemade Nathan , Nickerson Angela , Creamer Mark , McFarlane Alexander C. , Silove Derrick , Bryant Richard A. , Forbes David 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundThere have been changes to the criteria for diagnosing post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) in DSM-5 and changes are proposed for ICD-11.AimsTo investigate the impact of the changes to diagnostic criteria for PTSD
in DSM-5 and the proposed changes in ICD-11 using a large multisite
trauma-exposed sample and structured clinical interviews.MethodRandomly selected injury patients admitted to four hospitals were
assessed 72 months post trauma (n = 510). Structured
clinical interviews for PTSD and major depressive episode, as well as
self-report measures of disability and quality of life were
administered.ResultsCurrent prevalence of PTSD under DSM-5 scoring was not significantly
different from DSM-IV (6.7% v. 5.9%, z
= 0.53, P = 0.59). However, the ICD-11 prevalence was
significantly lower than ICD-10 (3.3% v. 9.0%,
z =–3.8, P<0.001). The PTSD
current prevalence was significantly higher for DSM-5 than ICD-11 (6.7%
v. 3.3%, z = 2.5, P
= 0.01). Using ICD-11 tended to show lower rates of comorbidity with
depression and a slightly lower association with disability.ConclusionsThe diagnostic systems performed in different ways in terms of current
prevalence rates and levels of comorbidity with depression, but on other
broad key indicators they were relatively similar. There was overlap
between those with PTSD diagnosed by ICD-11 and DSM-5 but a substantial
portion met one but not the other set of criteria. This represents a
challenge for research because the phenotype that is studied may be
markedly different according to the diagnostic system used.