bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color specification of a single strand of yarn from a multispectral image
Authors: Luo Lin , Shen Hui‐Liang , Shao Si‐Jie , Xin John H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMany applications in textile require color measurement of single strands of yarns due to unavailability of a mass of consecutive yarns. While multispectral imaging systems can capture images of single strands of yarns, an unavoidable problem accompanied is how to specify their colors from images, in which pixel values vary with positions owing to three‐dimensional shape of yarn. Based on the response of multispectral imaging systems to single strands of yarns, this article formulates the color specification problem as an optimization question and four methods are proposed: average of all pixels (AA), average of pixels in central area (AC), maxima of all pixels (MA), and lightness weighting method (LW). The first experiment analyzed color distribution of pixels on a single strand of yarn. Experimental results show pixels in central area have smallest color variation and largest intensity. The second experiment compared the proposed methods. Results show that CIEXYZ, L*, and C* values specified by the AA and MA methods are lowest and highest. Finally, colors of single strands of yarns specified by the proposed methods were compared with spectrophotometric colors of yarn windings using 12 pairs of single strands of yarns and yarn windings. Experimental results show the MA method yields the smallest lightness and chroma difference compared with spectrophotometric colors of yarn windings. The average color difference between spectrophotometric colors of yarn windings and multispectral imaging colors of single strands of yarns specified by the AA, AC, MA, and LW methods is 3.45, 2.72, 2.37, and 3.33 CMC(2:1) units. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 500–512, 2016
An error‐tolerant keyword search scheme based on public‐key encryption in secure cloud computing
Authors: Bo Yang , Zhang Mingwu , Du Jun‐Qiang 
Published: July 2015

SummaryAn error‐tolerant keyword search scheme permits to make searches on encrypted data with only an approximation of some keyword. The scheme is suitable to the case where users' searching input might not exactly match those pre‐set keywords. An error‐tolerant keyword search scheme can be generated based on a public‐key encryption scheme, in which anyone with access to a user's public key can generate the trapdoors and indexes to keywords, and only the user holding the decryption key can obtain the records it retrieves. In this paper, we first present a general framework for searching on error‐tolerant keywords based on a public‐key encryption scheme. Then, we propose a concrete scheme based on the Cramer–Shoup cryptosystem. The scheme is adaptive chosen‐ciphertext attack secure and suitable for all similarity metrics including Hamming distance metric, edit distance metric, and set difference metric. It does not require the user to construct and store anything in advance, other than the cryptosystem used to calculate the trapdoor of keywords and to encrypt data documents. Thus, our scheme tremendously eases the users' burden. What is more, our scheme is able to transform the servers' searching for error‐tolerant keywords on ciphertexts to searching for exact keywords on plaintexts. The server can use any existing approaches of exact keywords search to search plaintexts on an index table. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CCRA: channel criticality based resource allocation in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Kumar Vinesh , Minz Sonajharia 
Published: July 2015

SummaryIn cognitive radio networks, signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) is a quantity that is used to analyze the bounds of the capacity of a channel. This is the reason for SINR being one of the important parameters toward evaluating the performance of spectrum sharing in every network. To maximize the channel utilization in any network, the SINR of a channel should be considered to be within a threshold. This also leads to lesser power consumption, and the quality of service for the licensed users is maintained. Further, reduced SINR leads to an improvement in the quality of communication in the network. In this paper, a graph theoretic measure for the efficient utilization of channels in cognitive radio networks has been proposed and is named as channel criticality based resource allocation (CCRA). Using the SINR as the weight of the graph, a novel concept of channel criticality has also been introduced in this work. The proposed CCRA technique has also been compared with the existing interference aware channel assignment (IACA) technique in terms of the channel utilization. Through simulations, the CCRA has been observed to outperform the IACA scheme. The average channel utilization of the proposed CCRA was observed to have increased by 8%, when the secondary users were introduced in the network as compared with the IACA technique. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybridization in closely related Rhododendron species: half of all species‐differentiating markers experience serious transmission ratio distortion
Authors: Marczewski Tobias , Chamberlain David F. , Milne Richard I. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn increasing number of studies of hybridization in recent years have revealed that complete reproductive isolation between species is frequently not finalized in more or less closely related organisms. Most of these species do, however, seem to retain their phenotypical characteristics despite the implication of gene flow, highlighting the remaining gap in our knowledge of how much of an organism's genome is permeable to gene flow, and which factors promote or prevent hybridization. We used AFLP markers to investigate the genetic composition of three populations involving two interfertile Rhododendron species: two sympatric populations, of which only one contained hybrids, and a further hybrid‐dominated population. No fixed differences between the species were found, and only 5.8% of the markers showed some degree of species differentiation. Additionally, 45.5% of highly species‐differentiating markers experienced significant transmission distortion in the hybrids, which was most pronounced in F1 hybrids, suggesting that factors conveying incompatibilities are still segregating within the species. Furthermore, the two hybrid populations showed stark contrasting composition of hybrids; one was an asymmetrically backcrossing hybrid swarm, while in the other, backcrosses were absent, thus preventing gene flow.
Sperm storage and spermatozoa interaction with epithelial cells in oviduct of Chinese soft‐shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis
Authors: Chen Shaofan , Zhang Linli , Le Yuan , Waqas Yasir , Chen Wei , Zhang Qian , Ullah Shakeeb , Liu Tengfei , Hu Lisi , Li Quanfu , Yang Ping 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSpermatozoa are known to be stored within the female genital tract after mating in various species to optimize timing of reproductive events such as copulation, fertilization, and ovulation. The mechanism supporting long‐term sperm storage is still unclear in turtles. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between the spermatozoa and oviduct in Chinese soft‐shelled turtle by light and electron microscopy to reveal the potential cytological mechanism of long‐term sperm storage. Spermatozoa were stored in isthmus, uterine, and vagina of the oviduct throughout the year, indicating long‐term sperm storage in vivo. Sperm heads were always embedded among the cilia and even intercalated into the apical hollowness of the ciliated cells in the oviduct mucosal epithelium. The stored spermatozoa could also gather in the gland conduit. There was no lysosome distribution around the hollowness of the ciliated cell, suggesting that the ciliated cells of the oviduct can support the spermatozoa instead of phagocytosing them in the oviduct. Immune cells were sparse in the epithelium and lamina propria of oviduct, although few were found inside the blood vessel of mucosa, which may be an indication of immune tolerance during sperm storage in the oviduct of the soft‐shelled turtle. These characteristics developed in the turtle benefited spermatozoa survival for a long time as extraneous cells in the oviduct of this species. These findings would help to improve the understanding of reproductive regularity and develop strategies of species conservation in the turtle. The Chinese soft‐shelled turtle may be a potential model for uncovering the mechanism behind the sperm storage phenomenon.
Low levels of hybridization between sympatricArctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) andDollyVarden char (Salvelinus malma) highlights their genetic distinctiveness and ecological segregation
Authors: May‐McNally Shannan L. , Quinn Thomas P. , Taylor Eric B. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the extent of interspecific hybridization and how ecological segregation may influence hybridization requires comprehensively sampling different habitats over a range of life history stages. Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and Dolly Varden (S. malma) are recently diverged salmonid fishes that come into contact in several areas of the North Pacific where they occasionally hybridize. To better quantify the degree of hybridization and ecological segregation between these taxa, we sampled over 700 fish from multiple lake (littoral and profundal) and stream sites in two large, interconnected southwestern Alaskan lakes. Individuals were genotyped at 12 microsatellite markers, and genetic admixture (Q) values generated through Bayesian‐based clustering revealed hybridization levels generally lower than reported in a previous study (<0.6% to 5% of samples classified as late‐generation hybrids). Dolly Varden and Arctic char tended to make different use of stream habitats with the latter apparently abandoning streams for lake habitats after 2–3 years of age. Our results support the distinct biological species status of Dolly Varden and Arctic char and suggest that ecological segregation may be an important factor limiting opportunities for hybridization and/or the ecological performance of hybrid char.
The effect of hydroperiod and predation on the diversity of temporary pond zooplankton communities
Authors: Zokan Marcus , Drake John M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn temporary pond ecosystems, it is hypothesized that the two dominant structuring forces on zooplankton communities are predation and demographic constraints due to wetland drying. Both of these forces are deterministic processes that act most strongly at opposing ends of a hydroperiod gradient. Our objective was to test how these two processes affect α‐ and β‐diversity of zooplankton communities derived from a diverse temporary pond system. We hypothesized that decreased hydroperiod length and the presence of salamander larvae as predators would decrease β‐diversity and that intermediate hydroperiod communities would have the greatest species richness. Our 1‐year mesocosm experiment (n = 36) consisted of two predation treatments (present/absent) and three hydroperiod treatments (short/medium/long) fully crossed, seeded from the resting egg bank of multiple temporary ponds. In total, we collected 37 species of microcrustacean zooplankton from our mesocosms. A reduction in hydroperiod length resulted in lower α‐diversity, with short‐hydroperiod treatments affected most strongly. Endpoint community dissimilarity (β‐diversity) was greatest in the medium‐hydroperiod treatment with regard to species presence/absence, but was greatest in the long‐hydroperiod treatment when abundances were included. Predation by salamander larvae led to reduced β‐diversity with respect to species presence/absence, but not among abundant species, and had no effect on α‐diversity. Our results suggest that environmental changes that reduce hydroperiod length would result in reduced α‐diversity; however, intermediate hydroperiod length appear to enhance β‐diversity within a group of wetlands.
Fat crystal network structures have a strong influence on properties of fat‐based barrier layers
Authors: Franke Knut , Bindrich Ute , Heinz Volker 
Published: July 2015

Mixtures of low and high melting fats (fractions of palm fat, palm kernel fat, and milk fat) were characterized after solidification with respect to solid fat content (SFC), firmness, barrier properties against moisture transport, and fat crystal network structure (FCNS). The method of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) was applied to quantify FCNS which was visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A broad range of firmness of solidified fat mixtures could be observed for comparable SFC confirming the influence of FCNS. Smooth FCNS without dense crystals indicate firmer networks and vice versa. A correlation between the scaling exponent from DFA and firmness was found. Moisture barrier properties of the fat mixtures differed for similar SFC, too. In this case, FCNS with dense crystals and larger areas of interconnected liquid fat resulted in the best barrier effect. Smooth FCNS were found in fat blends possessing only low resistance against moisture transport. For SFC > 35% at 20°C, a linear correlation between scaling exponent and moisture barrier effect was detectable.Practical applications: These results can be used to optimize fat mixtures with respect to their performance and define the fat crystal network structures which are required to obtain either high mechanical firmness of the solidified mixture or an efficient prevention of moisture transfer.Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images reveal very different fat crystal network structures of solidified fat blends possessing similar solid fat contents. Smooth structures on the left hand side result in blends with a high firmness, whereas structures with many dense crystals (black spots) and interconnected areas of liquid fat (light red regions) on the right hand side indicate networks with lower firmness.
In vitro characterization of five bacterial WS/DGAT acyltransferases regarding the synthesis of biotechnologically relevant short‐chain‐length esters
Authors: Röttig Annika , Wolf Sebastian , Steinbüchel Alexander 
Published: July 2015

For the biotechnical production of biofuels, oleo‐, or fine chemicals bacterial wax ester synthase/acyl‐Coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferases (WS/DGAT) are discussed as interesting candidates for in vivo esterification reactions. In this study, the suitability of selected acyltransferases for the conversion of non‐physiological substrates like short‐chain‐length alcohols and short‐chain length or even branched acyl‐CoAs has been investigated. In vitro analyzes of purified AtfA and AtfA(G355I) from Acinetobacter baylyi, Ma1(A360I) from Marinobacter aquaeolei, WS2 from Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus, and AtfA1 from Alcanivorax borkumensis were conducted to evaluate the specific activities of these enzymes toward n‐hexadecanol (C16), n‐dodecanol (C12), ethanol (C2), and methanol (C1), palmitoyl‐CoA (C16), butyryl‐CoA (C4) as well as toward branched 3‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA and 2‐hydroxyisobutyryl‐CoA. Athough long‐ and medium‐chain‐length substrates were preferred by all five enzymes, WS2 and AtfA showed the highest relative activities with ethanol or methanol when compared to n‐hexadecanol, whereas residual activities toward short or branched acyl‐CoAs could only be measured with AtfA and AtfA1.Practical applications: Bacterial WS/DGATs can be used for in vivo and in vitro approaches to synthesize custom‐made lipids, such as triglycerides or wax esters. However, due to their broad substrate ranges these enzymes are also promising candidates for the synthesis of other, industrially valuable oleo‐ and fine chemicals. Short‐chain‐length esters are important intermediates and building blocks for many production processes and, at present, there is a great demand for enzymes which are able to catalyze their synthesis.The physiological substrates of bacterial WS/DGAT enzymes are medium‐ to long‐chain length acyl‐CoAs and fatty alcohols to synthesize medium‐ to long‐chain length wax esters. In this study, we investigated five different bacterial WS/DGATs for their ability to synthesize short‐chain length esters, which represent biotechnologically interesting compounds. The enzymes AtfA, AtfA(G355I), Ma1(A360I), WS2, and AtfA1 were selected, purified, and characterized in vitro. In addition to the reference substrates, hexadecanol and palmitoyl‐CoA, their activity with dodecanol, ethanol, or methanol, on the one hand, and lauryl‐CoA, butyryl‐CoA, 3‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA, or 2‐hydroxyisobutyryl‐CoA, on the other hand, were studied and compared.
Classification of Tunisian extra virgin olive oils according to their genetic variety and maturity index using fatty acid profiles established by direct infusion mass spectrometry
Authors: Abdallah Marwa , Vergara‐Barberán María , Lerma‐García María Jesús , Herrero‐Martínez José Manuel , Simó‐Alfonso Ernesto F. , Guerfel Mokhtar 
Published: July 2015

The usefulness of fatty acid profiles established by direct infusion mass spectrometry (DIMS) as a tool to discriminate between seven genetic varieties of Tunisian extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) was evaluated in this work. Moreover, the discrimination of EVOOs from the genetic varieties Chemchali, Fouji, and Zarrazi, characterized with different maturity indices, was also studied. For DIMS, EVOO samples were diluted with an 85:15 propanol/methanol (v/v) mixture containing 40 mM ammonia and directly infused into the mass spectrometer using a syringe pump. The establishment of ratios of the peak abundances of the free fatty acids followed by linear discriminant analysis was employed to predict both genetic variety and maturity index. In all cases, an excellent resolution between all category pairs was achieved, which demonstrated that fatty acid profiles are a good marker of both genetic variety and maturity index of EVOOs.Practical applications: As EVOO quality can be affected by different parameters, such as cultivar and maturity index, among others, it is necessary to develop analytical methods able to verify EVOO quality, and also to control its origin as olive oil producers have to include in their manufactured products the cultivar (monovarietal oils) from which the oil was obtained. Currently, almost all the research related to Tunisian EVOOs has been mainly focused on the improvement and characterization of the two main cultivars (Chétoui and Chemlali). Thus, to diversify Tunisian olive oil resources and improve the quality of olive oil produced in Tunisia, research on additional cultivars needs to be conducted. Thus, the present method could be used as an authentication tool for olive oil industry to asses both cultivar and maturity index of Tunisian EVOO, which could be extended to EVOO from all around the world.DIMS data of Tunisian EVOOs were used to predict EVOO genetic variety and maturity index using LDA.
On the dimensioning of LTE and LTE‐advanced networks
Authors: Ben Hcine Marwane , Bouallegue Ridha 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNetwork design consists of evaluating cell coverage and capacity and may involve many parameters related to environment, system configuration and quality of service requirements. The key parameter for cost optimised Long Term Evolution (LTE)‐based network dimensioning is to provide a tight approximation of the effective signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR) distribution. This paper provides a novel framework for LTE and LTE‐advanced network dimensioning, where the classical single‐carrier SINR performance evaluation is extended to multi‐carriers systems operating over frequency selective channels. Extension is achieved by expressing the link outage probability in terms of the statistics of the effective SINR. For effective SINR computation, the exponential effective SINR mapping technique is used. Closed‐form expression for the link outage probability is achieved assuming a log skew normal approximation for single‐carrier case. Then we rely on the log‐normal approximation to express the exponential effective SINR distribution as a function of the mean and standard deviation of the SINR of a generic subcarrier. Effective SINR values are evaluated at click speed in each point on the network. Simulations show that the proposed framework provides results with accuracy within 0.5 dB for any defined outage probability target. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overlapping coalition formation games‐based resource allocation for device‐to‐device communication in LTE‐A network
Authors: Xia Chunmei , Xu Shaoyi , Kwak Kyung Sup 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn the long‐term evolution‐advanced system, device‐to‐device (D2D) communication brings many significant benefits, such as low power consumption, low delay, high bit rates and efficient frequency utilisation. However, these potential advantages hinge on the intelligent resource allocation approach between D2D user equipments (DUEs) and cellular user equipments (CUEs). Different from existing work that focused on the scenario that one CUE shares spectrums with one D2D pair and thus disjoint groups are formed to use spectrums, in our paper, we proposed a coalition formulation game with overlapping coalitions. In this game, we model the resource sharing problem as a transferable coalition formation game where there exists intersection among these coalitions and the DUEs can make a decision to join or leave a coalition according to the merge‐and‐split rule. Consequently, not only one D2D pair can employ the same resource with multiple CUEs but also the channel of one CUE can be allocated to multiple D2D pairs in order to maximise the frequency efficiency and the system sum throughput. In particular, we consider the practical case and study the effect that only imperfect channel state information (CSI) can be obtained on the stable coalition formation game. A discrete‐time Markov chain‐based analysis is presented to obtain the stable coalition structure, and the complexity of employing this scheme is evaluated. Extensive numerical results show that the proposed overlapping coalition formulation game‐based scheme results in better performance compared to the traditional existing methods even in the imperfect CSI scenarios. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors associated with depression in older carers
Authors: Loi Samantha M. , Dow Briony , Moore Kirsten , Hill Keith , Russell Melissa , Cyarto Elizabeth , Malta Sue , Ames David , Lautenschlager Nicola 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveDepression is an adverse outcome frequently seen in carers. With the increasing ageing population and reliance on informal carers, this study aims to identify factors associated with depression in carers in the older age group, using factors that have not been previously investigated.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of 202 older carers using the Geriatric Depression scale, demographics, personality traits, attitudes to ageing and other carer characteristics.ResultsIncreased hours spent caring and higher levels of neuroticism were all factors associated with depression. The care‐recipient diagnosis, other personality traits, attitudes to ageing, leisure‐physical activity (PA) and domestic‐PA were not significantly associated with depression.ConclusionsThese findings have important implications for interventions to target at‐risk carers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Whose Risks and Benefits?
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis issue of the Report, like many others, was assembled with an eye more to diversity of topics and themes than to commonality. But as also often happens, some topics and themes arise anyway. Two pieces in this issue discuss the disclosure of information that's uncovered in the course of genetic testing and try to develop some guidance for physicians and researchers. A third offers an historical look at changing practices.