bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secure, Remote, Dynamic Reconfiguration of FPGAs
Authors: Vliegen Jo , Mentens Nele , Verbauwhede Ingrid 
Published: December 2014

With the widespread availability of broadband Internet, Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) can get remote updates in the field. This provides hardware and software updates, and enables issue solving and upgrade ability without device modification. In order to prevent an attacker from eavesdropping or manipulating the configuration data, security is a necessity.
This work describes an architecture that allows the secure, remote reconfiguration of an FPGA. The architecture is partially dynamically reconfigurable and it consists of a static partition that handles the secure communication protocol and a single reconfigurable partition that holds the main application. Our solution distinguishes itself from existing work in two ways: it provides entity authentication and it avoids the use of a trusted third party. The former provides protection against active attackers on the communication channel, while the latter reduces the number of reliable entities. Additionally, this work provides basic countermeasures against simple power-oriented side-channel analysis attacks.
The result is an implementation that is optimized toward minimal resource occupation. Because configuration updates occur infrequently, configuration speed is of minor importance with respect to area. A prototype of the proposed design is implemented, using 5,702 slices and having minimal downtime.
Accurate and Novel Recommendations
Authors: Javari Amin , Jalili Mahdi 
Published: December 2014

Recommender systems are in the center of network science, and they are becoming increasingly important in individual businesses for providing efficient, personalized services and products to users. Previous research in the field of recommendation systems focused on improving the precision of the system through designing more accurate recommendation lists. Recently, the community has been paying attention to diversity and novelty of recommendation lists as key characteristics of modern recommender systems. In many cases, novelty and precision do not go hand in hand, and the accuracy--novelty dilemma is one of the challenging problems in recommender systems, which needs efforts in making a trade-off between them.
In this work, we propose an algorithm for providing novel and accurate recommendation to users. We consider the standard definition of accuracy and an effective self-information--based measure to assess novelty of the recommendation list. The proposed algorithm is based on item popularity, which is defined as the number of votes received in a certain time interval. Wavelet transform is used for analyzing popularity time series and forecasting their trend in future timesteps. We introduce two filtering algorithms based on the information extracted from analyzing popularity time series of the items. The popularity-based filtering algorithm gives a higher chance to items that are predicted to be popular in future timesteps. The other algorithm, denoted as a novelty and population-based filtering algorithm, is to move toward items with low popularity in past timesteps that are predicted to become popular in the future. The introduced filters can be applied as adds-on to any recommendation algorithm. In this article, we use the proposed algorithms to improve the performance of classic recommenders, including item-based collaborative filtering and Markov-based recommender systems. The experiments show that the algorithms could significantly improve both the accuracy and effective novelty of the classic recommenders.
Role of Chitinase 3–like-1 and Semaphorin 7a in Pulmonary Melanoma Metastasis
Authors: Ma Bing , Herzog Erica L. , Lee Chun Geun , Peng Xueyan , Lee Chang-Min , Chen Xiaosong , Rockwell Sara , Koo Ja Seok , Kluger Harriet , Herbst Roy S. , Sznol Mario , Elias Jack A. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The prototypic chitinase-like protein Chi3l1 is induced in cancers and portends a poor prognosis, but whether it contributes to cancer progression is unknown. To address this gap in knowledge, we investigated the production of Chi3l1 in melanoma lung metastases. We found that Chi3l1 was induced during pulmonary melanoma metastasis and that this induction was regulated by the semaphorin Sema7a, interacting in stimulatory or inhibitory ways with its β1 integrin or Plexin C1 receptors, respectively. In mouse strains with genetic deletions of Chi3l1 or Sema7a, there was a significant reduction in pulmonary metastasis. Notably, antiserum raised against Chi3l1 or Sema7a phenocopied the reduction produced by genetic deletions. Melanoma lung metastasis was also decreased in the absence of IL13Rα2, a recently identified receptor for Chi3l1, consistent with a key role for Chi3l1 in melanoma spread. We confirmed roles for Sema7a and Chi3l1 in pulmonary metastasis of EMT6 breast cancer cells. Taken together, our studies establish a novel pathway through which Sem7a and its receptors regulate Chi3l1, revealing a host axis involving IL13Rα2 that plays a critical role in generating a pulmonary microenvironment that is critical to license metastasis. Cancer Res; 75(3); 487–96. ©2014 AACR.
BRCA2-Deficient Sarcomatoid Mammary Tumors Exhibit Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Jaspers Janneke E. , Sol Wendy , Kersbergen Ariena , Schlicker Andreas , Guyader Charlotte , Xu Guotai , Wessels Lodewyk , Borst Piet , Jonkers Jos , Rottenberg Sven 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Pan- or multidrug resistance is a central problem in clinical oncology. Here, we use a genetically engineered mouse model of BRCA2-associated hereditary breast cancer to study drug resistance to several types of chemotherapy and PARP inhibition. We found that multidrug resistance was strongly associated with an EMT-like sarcomatoid phenotype and high expression of the Abcb1b gene, which encodes the drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein. Inhibition of P-glycoprotein could partly resensitize sarcomatoid tumors to the PARP inhibitor olaparib, docetaxel, and doxorubicin. We propose that multidrug resistance is a multifactorial process and that mouse models are useful to unravel this. Cancer Res; 75(4); 732–41. ©2014 AACR.
Gain of Glucose-Independent Growth upon Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cells to the Brain
Authors: Chen Jinyu , Lee Ho-Jeong , Wu Xuefeng , Huo Lei , Kim Sun-Jin , Xu Lei , Wang Yan , He Junqing , Bollu Lakshmi R. , Gao Guang , Su Fei , Briggs James , Liu Xiaojing , Melman Tamar , Asara John M. , Fidler Isaiah J. , Cantley Lewis C. , Locasale Jason W. , Weihua Zhang 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Breast cancer brain metastasis is resistant to therapy and a particularly poor prognostic feature in patient survival. Altered metabolism is a common feature of cancer cells, but little is known as to what metabolic changes benefit breast cancer brain metastases. We found that brain metastatic breast cancer cells evolved the ability to survive and proliferate independent of glucose due to enhanced gluconeogenesis and oxidations of glutamine and branched chain amino acids, which together sustain the nonoxidative pentose pathway for purine synthesis. Silencing expression of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases (FBP) in brain metastatic cells reduced their viability and improved the survival of metastasis-bearing immunocompetent hosts. Clinically, we showed that brain metastases from human breast cancer patients expressed higher levels of FBP and glycogen than the corresponding primary tumors. Together, our findings identify a critical metabolic condition required to sustain brain metastasis and suggest that targeting gluconeogenesis may help eradicate this deadly feature in advanced breast cancer patients. Cancer Res; 75(3); 554–65. ©2014 AACR.
Characterizing the Diurnal Cycle of Low-Level Circulation and Convergence Using CFSR Data in Southeastern South America
Authors: Bueno Repinaldo Henrique Fuchs , Nicolini Matilde , Skabar Yanina García 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe focus of this study is the characterization of the diurnal cycle of low-level wind and divergence field (under two different synoptic situations observed during the South American Low-Level Jet Experiment) within the South American domain encompassed between 20° and 35°S east of the Andes, using Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). The objective is to highlight the existence of a spatial variation of these quantities and differences in the strength of their diurnal cycle between the two synoptic situations. Inertial oscillations and thermally driven circulations as well as convection-related contributions to mesoscale convergence and their implications for deep convection initiation/maintenance are addressed in each selected subregion. Prevalence of synoptic-scale forcing over the diurnally forced circulations, or vice versa, is also analyzed. Both mesoscale wind diurnal cycle and related divergence fields are sensitive to varying synoptic conditions and display regional variability. Thermal circulations related to topographical features superpose on the diurnal inertial oscillation that, while present in the whole domain, dominates the central plain subregions. The most evident diurnal cycle in the divergence field is restricted to sloped areas just to the east of the Andes and the Sierras de Córdoba where the mesoscale component of the divergence field is responsible for modulating the total divergence. CFSR provides a broad perspective of low-level circulation over southeastern South America (SESA) during the specific 15-day period. Results from this study might stimulate future research on a relationship between low-level circulation and the initiation of convection in SESA using CFSR to perform high-resolution simulations.
Interannual Modality of Upper-Ocean Temperature: 4D Structure Revealed by Argo Data
Authors: Chen Ge , Chen Hanou 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Using the newly available decade-long Argo data for the period 2004–13, a detailed study is carried out on deriving four-dimensional (4D) modality of sea temperature in the upper ocean with emphasis on its interannual variability in terms of amplitude, phase, and periodicity. Three principal modes with central periodicities at 19.2, 33.8, and 50.3 months have been identified, and their relationship with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is investigated, yielding a number of useful results and conclusions: 1) A striking tick-shaped pipe-like feature of interannual variability maxima, which is named the “Niño pipe” in this paper, has been revealed within the 10°S–10°N upper Pacific Ocean. 2) The pipe core extends downward from ~50 m at 130°E to ~250 m near the date line before tilting upward to the sea surface at about 275°E, coinciding nicely with the pathway of the Pacific equatorial undercurrent (EUC). 3) The double-peak zonal modality pattern of the Niño pipe in the upper Pacific is echoed in the subsurface Atlantic and Indian Oceans through Walker circulation, while its single-peak meridional modality pattern is mirrored in the subsurface North and South Pacific through Hadley circulation. 4) A coherent three-peak modal structure implies a strong coupling between sea level variability at the surface and sea temperature variability around the thermocline. Accumulating evidence suggests that Rossby/Kelvin wave dynamics in tandem with EUC-based thermocline dynamics are the main mechanisms of the three-mode Niño pipe in ENSO cycles.
Staying in the Zone
Authors: Roberts Ruby , Flin Rhona , Cleland Jennifer 
Published: December 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the cognitive components required for offshore drillers to develop and maintain situation awareness (SA) while controlling subsea hydrocarbon wells. Background: SA issues are often identified as contributing factors to drilling incidents, most recently in the Deepwater Horizon blowout. Yet, there is a limited body of research investigating SA in the offshore drilling environment. Method: In the first study, critical incident interviews were conducted with 18 experienced drilling personnel. Transcripts were subjected to theory-driven thematic analysis, producing a preliminary cognitive framework of how drillers develop and maintain SA during well control. In the second study, 24 hr of observations (in vivo and video) of drillers managing a high fidelity well-control simulator were analyzed to further develop the framework. Results: The cognitive components that enable drillers to build up an understanding of what is happening in the wellbore and surrounding environment, to predict how this understanding may develop, were identified. These components included cue recognition, interpretation of information in conjunction with the current mental model, and projection through mental simulation. Factors such as distracters, expectations, and information sharing between crew members can both positively and negatively influence the drillers’ SA. Conclusion: The findings give a preliminary understanding into the components of drillers’ SA, highlighting the importance of SA for safe and effective performance and indicating that Endsley’s model of SA can be applied to drilling. Application: The results have consequences for training, task management, and work design recommendations.
All the world’s a stage: evaluating psychiatry role-play based learning for medical students
Authors: King Joel , Hill Kathryn , Gleason Andrew 
Published: December 2014

Objective: This paper describes an evaluation of an innovative approach, role-play based learning (RBL), as a vehicle for teaching psychiatry. The aim of this intervention, where medical students perform both doctor and patients roles, was to provide an interactive learning format that engaged students while developing clinical knowledge and communication skills in a structured, reflective environment. Method: Questionnaires were completed by 107 students from three clinical schools of the University of Melbourne. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and thematic content analysis. Results: Student evaluations of the RBL sessions were overwhelmingly positive. Respondents reported improvements in engagement, confidence and empathy, as well as in their learning, and that the sessions provided good preparation for internship as well as for exams. Conclusion: The RBL tutorial programme is unique and flexible and could readily be adapted for use in other specialty rotations. It is also timely, given the increased interest in simulation prompted by increasing pressure on training places across the health sciences in Australia.
What can psychiatrists do to better support victims of family violence?
Authors: O’Connor Manjula , Cox Joanne , Castle David J 
Published: December 2014

Objective: This article aims to draw psychiatrists’ attention to the problem of family violence and offer pragmatic guidance to detect and manage family violence in the psychiatric context. Methods: Selective narrative review. Results: Family violence involves complex interactions between societal, cultural, family and individual factors. Awareness and understanding of family violence is important for psychiatrists as engagement can result in enhanced opportunities for early intervention and harm reduction. Conclusions: There are barriers facing psychiatrists regarding successful family violence intervention outcomes. Concerted action is required to improve services and support to victims and perpetrators.
A Case of Multiple Supernumerary Premolars
Authors: Barnett B. Selwyn 
Published: December 2014

A case is reported in which there were multiple supernumerary premolars. The most remarkable feature of this case was the presence of bilateral premolar-form teeth between the lower first and second molars, a previously unreported site. The treatment plan involved surgical removal of five extra teeth from the premolar or molar region in all four quadrants.
Overjet Relapse following Functional Appliance Therapy
Authors: Drage K. J. , Hunt N. P. 
Published: December 2014

This cephalometric study of individuals with Class II Division I malocclusions investigated changes occurring during and following treatment for 49 patients treated with either the Andresen activator or the Bionator (mean age initially 12·1 ± 1·1 years). The treated cases were compared with an untreated group of 24 patients (mean age initially 11·8 ± 0·5 years). Overjet reduction was found to occur mainly as a result of dento-alveolar change. Mean overjet relapse following treatment was small (0·8 mm), but individual variation was considerable (+5·2 to −3·7 mm). Changes in incisor inclination rather than antero-posterior skeletal change contributed to relapse. No evidence was found to suggest that vertical facial pattern or growth influenced relapse. Small, but significant correlations were found between the magnitude of overjet relapse and the reduction achieved during treatment (r = −0·42) and between the magnitude of upper incisor retroclination during treatment and proclination post-treatment (upper incisor to SN plane, r = −0·42). The only initial variable showing a significant correlation with overjet relapse was initial ovetjet and the value for this correlation was low (r = 0·31).
Use of the Face Mask in the Treatment of Maxillary Retrusion—A Case Report
Authors: Doğan S. , Ertürk N. 
Published: December 2014

A case report is presented of a Class III malocclusion with a Class III skeletal pattern and maxillary retrusion. The patient, an 11-year-old girl, was treated with an orthopaedic face mask in conjunction with standard Edgewise mechanics. Treatment was completed after 14 months, and proved to be stable following the active treatment and at recall 4 years later.
The Occlusal Index Used to Assess Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Pickering Elizabeth A. , Vig Peter 
Published: December 2014

Search of the literature has failed to reveal any previous objective analysis of changes produced by treatment. Using the Occlusal Index a survey was carried out on study models of patients accepted for treatment in the Orthodontic Department of The London Hospital, over a nine year period (1963–71). The spread of severity of malocclusion of these patients was assessed to see if there had been a gradation in severity through the period as reflected by a trend in the yearly mean values of the Occlusal Index scores. Analysis of the results failed to show any discernible trend. The Occlusal Index was used to gain an objective and quantitative assessment of change produced by treatment and subsequently to correlate this change with the use of fixed and removable appliances. A slight but statistically significant difference was apparent in treatment results. Fixed appliance cases showed superiority to removable appliance cases, producing a better end result and greater degree of improvement. The difficulties in the use of application of the Occlusal Index to British cases are discussed and suggestions are made for modification.
Overjet Stability after Treatment of Class II Division 1 Malocclusions
Authors: Bennett T. G. , Tulloch J. F. Camilla , Vig Katherine W. L. , Webb W. G. 
Published: December 2014

The results of an analysis of treatment and post-treatment changes in 48 unselected Class II Division 1 malocclusions are presented. All the cases were at least 1 year out of retention (mean 34·7 months). Mean values have been given for several features. In particular, the mean overjet reduction during treatment was 7·0 mm, the mean relapse 1·1 mm and the mean net overjet reduction 5·9 mm. The relationship of “final” overjet to overbite, overjet, skeletal pattern and lower lip height at different stages of treatment is described. There is wide variation in “final” overjet in relation to any of the single factors investigated but five significant correlations were found.
The Incidence and Prevention of Ocular Injuries in Orthodontic Practice
Authors: Sims A. P. T. , Roberts-Harry T. J. , Roberts-Harry D. P. 
Published: December 2014

A postal survey was conducted to determine the use of eye protection and incidence of ocular trauma in orthodontic practice. One-hundred-and-fifty-nine NHS orthodontic consultants and 203 specialist orthodontic practitioners were surveyed. Two-hundred-and-forty-one(66·5 per cent) replies were received. Some form of eye protection was routinely worn by 66·8 per cent of orthodontists, 64·3 per cent of patients, but only 33·6 per cent of DSAs. Eye protection was not offered to DSAs in 31·9 per cent of practices or to patients in 22·1 per cent. Forty-three per cent of orthodontists reported instances of ocular injury in their practices. The majority of these injuries (n = 104) occurred during debonding or trimming acrylic. Other incidents involved ligating materials, intra-oral polishing, and acid etching. Most injuries (83·5 per cent) were treated in the surgery without any long-term effects. The routine use of goggles or spectacles with side-pieces and plastic lenses, which conform to British Standard BS 2092, is recommended for staff and patients during all operative procedures in orthodontic practice.
Quality Assessment of Lateral Cephalograms Amongst Radiologists and Orthodontists
Authors: Örtendahl T. W. , Borrman H. , Gröndahl H-G. 
Published: December 2014

This study investigated technical errors in the production of lateral cephalograms necessitating a retake and the extent to which the retake, as ordered by the radiologist, actually produced a gain in quality as assessed by the orthodontist. All the rejected lateral cephalograms taken at the Department of Oral Radiology over a period of 1 year were saved, and 20 such radiographs and their approved counterparts were then studied. Ten orthodontists were asked to decide whether the radiographs were acceptable or not and to provide reasons for those judged unacceptable. Considerable variation was found between the 10 orthodontists in the rate of acceptance of the radiographs. One orthodontist accepted only 13, while another accepted 37 out of the 40 radiographs. The main cause for rejection by the orthodontists of the radiologically approved films was: patient positioning error, and for the rejected: poor (or no) intercuspation. The results show large discrepancies between the radiologists and the orthodontists in quality criteria for cephalometric radiographs, as well as large interindividual variations among the orthodontists. In half of the cases, the radiologists ordered retakes that, according to the orthodontists, were not necessary.
The Finite Element Analysis of Stress in the Periodontal Ligament when Subject to Vertical Orthodontic Forces
Authors: Wilson A. N. , Middleton J. , Jones M. L. , McGuinness N. J. 
Published: December 2014

In the past, vertical intrusive movement of teeth has been considered difficult and most routine clinical vertical movement of teeth has been confined to extrusion. It has been suggested that attempts at intrusion may result in an increased incidence of root resorption and also in occasional devitalization. The displacement and resulting stress fields associated with such treatment can be successfully studied using the finite element method. In the case being considered initial movements are known to be small; therefore, the assumption in the study that the material behaves linear-elastically is considered to be reasonable. This study of vertical tooth movement demonstrated that the maximum cervical margin stress in the periodontal ligament was 0·0046 N/mm2, whilst the highest apical stress was 0·00205 N/mm2 when intrusive and extrusive forces of 1 Newton were applied to the buccal surface of the crown of a tooth model. These stresses were evaluated in the light of previous studies and found to be within the suggested clinical optimum level. However, the periodontal stress distribution following orthodontic loading within this three-dimensional finite element model was found to be highly complex.