bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of multi‐bubble blow‐up solutions to the L2$L^2$‐critical half‐wave equation
Authors: Cao Daomin , Su Yiming , Zhang Deng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper concerns the bubbling phenomena for the ‐critical half‐wave equation in dimension one. Given arbitrarily finitely many distinct singularities, we construct blow‐up solutions concentrating exactly at these singularities. This provides the first examples of multi‐bubble solutions for the half‐wave equation. In particular, the solutions exhibit the mass quantization property. Our proof strategy draws upon the modulation method in Krieger, Lenzmann and Raphaël [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 209 (2013), no. 1, 61–129] for the single‐bubble case, and explores the localization techniques in Cao, Su and Zhang [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 247 (2023), no. 1, Paper No. 4] and Röckner, Su and Zhang [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 377 (2024), no. 1, 517–588] for bubbling solutions to non‐linear Schrödinger equations (NLS). However, unlike the single‐bubble or NLS cases, different bubbles exhibit the strongest interactions in dimension one. In order to get sharp estimates to control these interactions, as well as non‐local effects on localization functions, we utilize the Carlderón estimate and the integration representation formula of the half‐wave operator, and find that there exists a narrow room between the orders and for the remainder in the geometrical decomposition. Based on this, a novel bootstrap scheme is introduced to address the multi‐bubble non‐local structure.
Schauder and Cordes–Nirenberg estimates for nonlocal elliptic equations with singular kernels
Authors: Fernández‐Real Xavier , Ros‐Oton Xavier 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe study integro‐differential elliptic equations (of order ) with variable coefficients, and prove the natural and most general Schauder‐type estimates that can hold in this setting, both in divergence and non–divergence form. Furthermore, we also establish Hölder estimates for general elliptic equations with no regularity assumption on , including for the first‐time operators like , provided that the coefficients have “small oscillation.”
Stated SL(n$n$)‐skein modules and algebras
Authors: Lê Thang T. Q. , Sikora Adam S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe develop a theory of stated SL()‐skein modules, , of 3‐manifolds marked with intervals in their boundaries. These skein modules, generalizing stated SL(2)‐modules of the first author, stated SL(3)‐modules of Higgins', and SU(n)‐skein modules of the second author, consist of linear combinations of framed, oriented graphs, called ‐webs, with ends in , considered up to skein relations of the ‐Reshetikhin–Turaev functor on tangles, involving coupons representing the anti‐symmetrizer and its dual. We prove the Splitting Theorem asserting that cutting of a marked 3‐manifold along a disk resulting in a 3‐manifold yields a homomorphism for all . That result allows to analyze the skein modules of 3‐manifolds through the skein modules of their pieces. The theory of stated skein modules is particularly rich for thickened surfaces , in whose case, is an algebra, denoted by . One of the main results of this paper asserts that the skein algebra of the ideal bigon is isomorphic with and it provides simple geometric interpretations of the product, coproduct, counit, the antipode, and the cobraided structure on . (In particular, the coproduct is given by a splitting homomorphism.) We show that for surfaces with boundary every splitting homomorphism is injective and that is a free module with a basis induced from the Kashiwara–Lusztig canonical bases. Additionally, we show that a splitting of a thickened bigon near a marking defines a right ‐comodule structure on , or dually, a left ‐module structure. Furthermore, we show that the skein algebra of surfaces glued along two sides of a triangle is isomorphic with the braided tensor product of Majid. These results allow for geometric interpretation of further concepts in the theory of quantum groups, for example, of the braided products and of Majid's transmutation operation. Building upon the above results, we prove that the factorization homology with coefficients in the category of representations of is equivalent to the category of left modules over for surfaces with . We also establish isomorphisms of our skein algebras with the quantum moduli spaces of Alekseev–Schomerus and with the internal algebras of the skein categories for these surfaces and .
Development of High-Temperature, Interlaminar Tension Test Methodology for Ceramic Matrix Composites
Authors: Mattison Jacob T. , Faucett D. Calvin , Choi Sung R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper was to present how an affordable, high-temperature, interlaminar tension (ILT) strength testing method was explored and developed for ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), leading to development of a diametral-compression test methodology. The test methodology was first delved and verified at ambient temperature by employing a model, 2D-woven polymer matrix composite (PMC) with various test-specimen configurations. The test method was then applied to and confirmed with two different gas-turbine grade CMCs of 2D melt-infiltrated (MI) SiC/SiC and 2D N720/alumina oxide/oxide at both ambient and elevated temperatures. Life prediction testing was also conducted at 1316 °C for the MI SiC/SiC to validate the effectiveness of test method for a long-term life prediction testing. All of the results on strength and life prediction testing indicated an applicability and feasibility as an appropriate high-temperature ILT test methodology in CMCs with provisions of simplicity, affordability, and technical soundness.
Acoustic Metamaterial Plates With Interlinked Octuple-Action Vibration Absorbers for Multistopband Elastic Wave Mitigation
Authors: Althamer Saeed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article explores an innovative vibration suppression design, termed octuple-action (OA), for acoustic metamaterial plates, aimed at mitigating the propagation of acoustic waves. The design's goal is to create broad frequency stopbands, which can be configured by adjusting passive parameters governing the locally resonant subsystems of the OA absorber. The metamaterial plate is structured with a sequence of evenly spaced OA vibration absorbers that are attached to an isotropic plate. Each OA vibration absorber is composed of two separate spring-mass-damper subsystems, interlinked to each segment of the isotropic plate at eight uniformly distributed locations through elastic couplers. An analytical methodology is developed, utilizing finite element modeling (FEM) and Bloch's theorem, to elucidate the presence of stopbands, resulting in the formation of a single configurable and unified frequency stopband, or two broad stopbands. A comprehensive analysis and illustration of the proposed metamaterial plate's OA vibration absorber are presented. The OA vibration absorber effectively impedes the propagation of acoustic waves through the metamaterial plate by generating a set of eight internal forces. These forces act in a manner that counteracts any incoming wave with a frequency residing within the designated stopband ranges. Furthermore, by optimally manipulating the effective material properties of the OA, the internal forces can be tailored, enabling the creation of configurable and broad stopbands. To comprehensively examine the influence of the OA vibration absorber's subsystem parameters on the characteristics of the stopbands, a rigorous parametric investigation is undertaken. This investigation focuses on how variations in mass densities and stiffness coefficients impact the stopband locations and widths. The excellent agreement observed between the FEM simulation results and the dispersion curves across a wide range of prescribed configurations and patterns serves as robust validation for the efficacy of the proposed metamaterial design incorporating the OA vibration absorber.
No Combined Effect of Caffeinated Chewing Gum and Priming Exercise on Oxygen Uptake and Muscle Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Derived Kinetics: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Placebo-Controlled Trial in Cyclists
Authors: Nascimento Eduardo Marcel Fernandes , Borszcz Fernando Klitzke , Ventura Thiago Pereira , Boaventura Brunna Cristina Bremer , do Nascimento Salvador Paulo Cesar , Guglielmo Luiz Guilherme Antonacci , Dantas de Lucas Ricardo 
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine ingestion by chewing gum (GUMCAF) combined with priming exercise on pulmonary oxygen uptake () and near-infrared spectroscopy-derived muscle oxygen extraction (HHb + Mb) kinetics during cycling performed in a severe-intensity domain. Fifteen trained cyclists completed four visits: two under a placebo gum (GUMPLA) and two under GUMCAF ingestion. Each visit consisted of two square-wave cycling bouts at Δ70 intensity (70% of difference between the at first ventilatory threshold and ) with duration of 6 min each and 5 min of passive rest between the bouts. The GUMPLA or GUMCAF (400 mg) was chewed for 5 min, 12 min before the first Δ70 bout in a randomized double-blind procedure. The fundamental phase and slow component of HHb + Mb and kinetics were evaluated. For HHb + Mb kinetics, regardless of ingested gum, priming exercise effects occurred on the time constant (GUMCAF 16.0 ± 4.0 vs. 13.9 ± 2.9 s; GUMPLA 15.7 ± 6.1 vs. 13.2 ± 2.5 s), amplitude, slow component, time delay, and mean response time parameters (p ≤ .032). For kinetics, there were significant effects of bouts on the amplitude, slow component, end , and the gain kinetics parameters (p < .017). Baseline was higher during GUMCAF than GUMPLA (p = .020). No significant effects occurred for the interaction between gum and bout in any parameter of or HHb + Mb kinetics. Therefore, unlike the priming exercise in severe-intensity exercise, GUMCAF is not an effective strategy for improving or HHb + Mb kinetics acceleration.
T6SS in plant pathogens: unique mechanisms in complex hosts
Authors: Matte Lexie M. , Genal Abigail V. , Landolt Emily F. , Danka Elizabeth S. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are complex molecular machines that allow bacteria to deliver toxic effector proteins to neighboring bacterial and eukaryotic cells. Although initial work focused on the T6SS as a virulence mechanism of human pathogens, the field shifted to examine the use of T6SSs for interbacterial competition in various environments, including in the plant rhizosphere. Genes encoding the T6SS are estimated to be found in a quarter of all Gram-negative bacteria and are especially highly represented in
Proteobacteria
, a group which includes the most important bacterial phytopathogens. Many of these pathogens encode multiple distinct T6SS gene clusters which can include the core components of the apparatus as well as effector proteins. The T6SS is deployed by pathogens at multiple points as they colonize their hosts and establish an infection. In this review, we describe what is known about the use of T6SS by phytopathogens against plant hosts and non-plant organisms, keeping in mind that the structure of plants requires unique mechanisms of attack that are distinct from the mechanisms used for interbacterial interactions and against animal hosts. While the interactions of specific effectors (such as phospholipases, endonucleases, peptidases, and amidases) with targets have been well described in the context of interbacterial competition and in some eukaryotic interactions, this review highlights the need for future studies to assess the activity of phytobacterial T6SS effectors against plant cells.
Gut phageome in Mexican Americans: a population at high risk for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and diabetes
Authors: Kwan Suet-Ying , Sabotta Caroline M. , Cruz Lorenzo R. , Wong Matthew C. , Ajami Nadim J. , McCormick Joseph B. , Fisher-Hoch Susan P. , Beretta Laura 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Mexican Americans are disproportionally affected by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which often co-occurs with diabetes. Despite extensive evidence on the causative role of the gut microbiome in MASLD, studies determining the involvement of the gut phageome are scarce. In this cross-sectional study, we characterized the gut phageome in Mexican Americans of South Texas by stool shotgun metagenomic sequencing of 340 subjects, concurrently screened for liver steatosis by transient elastography. Inter-individual variations in the phageome were associated with gender, country of birth, diabetes, and liver steatosis. The phage signatures for diabetes and liver steatosis were subsequently determined. Enrichment of
Inoviridae
was associated with both diabetes and liver steatosis. Diabetes was further associated with the enrichment of predominantly temperate
Escherichia
phages, some of which possessed virulence factors. Liver steatosis was associated with the depletion of
Lactococcus
phages r1t and BK5-T, and enrichment of the globally prevalent
Crassvirales
phages, including members of genus cluster IX (
Burzaovirus coli
,
Burzaovirus faecalis
) and VI (
Kahnovirus oralis
). The
Lactococcus
phages showed strong correlations and co-occurrence with
Lactococcus lactis
, while the
Crassvirales
phages,
B. coli
,
B. faecalis
, and UAG-readthrough crAss clade correlated and co-occurred with
Prevotella copri
. In conclusion, we identified the gut phageome signatures for two closely linked metabolic diseases with significant global burden. These phage signatures may have utility in risk modeling and disease prevention in this high-risk population, and identification of potential bacterial targets for phage therapy.

IMPORTANCE

Phages influence human health and disease by shaping the gut bacterial community. Using stool samples from a high-risk Mexican American population, we provide insights into the gut phageome changes associated with diabetes and liver steatosis, two closely linked metabolic diseases with significant global burden. Common to both diseases was an enrichment of
Inoviridae
, a group of phages that infect bacterial hosts chronically without lysis, allowing them to significantly influence bacterial growth, virulence, motility, biofilm formation, and horizontal gene transfer. Diabetes was additionally associated with the enrichment of
Escherichia coli
-infecting phages, some of which contained virulence factors. Liver steatosis was additionally associated with the depletion of
Lactococcus lactis
-infecting phages, and enrichment of
Crassvirales
phages, a group of virulent phages with high global prevalence and persistence across generations. These phageome signatures may have utility in risk modeling, as well as identify potential bacterial targets for phage therapy.
Pangenomic landscapes shape performances of a synthetic genetic circuit across
Stutzerimonas
species
Authors: Chan Dennis Tin Chat , Bernstein Hans C. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Engineering identical genetic circuits into different species typically results in large differences in performance due to the unique cellular environmental context of each host, a phenomenon known as the “chassis-effect” or "context-dependency". A better understanding of how genomic and physiological contexts underpin the chassis-effect will improve biodesign strategies across diverse microorganisms. Here, we combined a pangenomic-based gene expression analysis with quantitative measurements of performance from an engineered genetic inverter device to uncover how genome structure and function relate to the observed chassis-effect across six closely related
Stutzerimonas
hosts. Our results reveal that genome architecture underpins divergent responses between our chosen non-model bacterial hosts to the engineered device. Specifically, differential expression of the core genome, gene clusters shared between all hosts, was found to be the main source of significant concordance to the observed differential genetic device performance, whereas specialty genes from respective accessory genomes were not significant. A data-driven investigation revealed that genes involved in denitrification and components of trans-membrane transporter proteins were among the most differentially expressed gene clusters between hosts in response to the genetic device. Our results show that the chassis-effect can be traced along differences among the most conserved genome-encoded functions and that these differences create a unique biodesign space among closely related species.

IMPORTANCE

Contemporary synthetic biology endeavors often default to a handful of model organisms to host their engineered systems. Model organisms such as
Escherichia coli
serve as attractive hosts due to their tractability but do not necessarily provide the ideal environment to optimize performance. As more novel microbes are domesticated for use as biotechnology platforms, synthetic biologists are urged to explore the chassis-design space to optimize their systems and deliver on the promises of synthetic biology. The consequences of the chassis-effect will therefore only become more relevant as the field of biodesign grows. In our work, we demonstrate that the performance of a genetic device is highly dependent on the host environment it operates within, promoting the notion that the chassis can be considered a design variable to tune circuit function. Importantly, our results unveil that the chassis-effect can be traced along similarities in genome architecture, specifically the shared core genome. Our study advocates for the exploration of the chassis-design space and is a step forward to empowering synthetic biologists with knowledge for more efficient exploration of the chassis-design space to enable the next generation of broad-host-range synthetic biology.
Risk factors for prolonged length of hospital stay following elective hip replacement surgery: a retrospective longitudinal observational study
Authors: Wilson Rebecca , Margelyte Ruta , Redaniel Maria Theresa , Eyles Emily , Jones Tim , Penfold Chris , Blom Ashley , Elliott Andrew , Harper Alison , Keen Tim , Pitt Martin , Judge Andrew 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesOur aim was to identify which patients are likely to stay in hospital longer following total hip replacement surgery.DesignLongitudinal, observational study used routinely collected data.SettingData were collected from an NHS Trust in South-West England between 2016 and 2019.Participants2352 hip replacement patients had complete data and were included in analysis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThree measures of length of stay were used: a count measure of number of days spent in hospital, a binary measure of ≤7 days/>7 days in hospital and a binary measure of remaining in hospital when medically fit for discharge.ResultsThe mean length of stay was 5.4 days following surgery, with 18% in hospital for more than 7 days, and 11% staying in hospital when medically fit for discharge. Longer hospital stay was associated with older age (OR=1.06, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.08), being female (OR=1.42, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.81) and more comorbidities (OR=3.52, 95% CI 1.45 to 8.55) and shorter length of stay with not having had a recent hospital admission (OR=0.44, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.60). Results were similar for remaining in hospital when medically fit for discharge, with the addition of an association with highest socioeconomic deprivation (OR=2.08, 95% CI 1.37 to 3.16).ConclusionsOlder, female patients with more comorbidities and from more socioeconomically deprived areas are likely to remain in hospital for longer following surgery. This study produced regression models demonstrating consistent results across three measures of prolonged hospital stay following hip replacement surgery. These findings could be used to inform surgery planning and when supporting patient discharge following surgery.
Clinical decision-making on lung cancer investigations in primary care: a vignette study
Authors: Mitchinson Lucy , von Wagner Christian , Blyth Alexandra , Shah Heer , Rafiq Meena , Merriel Samuel William David , Barclay Matthew , Lyratzopoulos Georgios , Hamilton Willie , Abel Gary A , Renzi Cristina 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate the role of comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and symptom type on general practitioners’ (GP’s) symptom attribution and clinical decision-making in relation to lung cancer diagnosis.DesignVignette survey with a 2×2 mixed factorial design.SettingA nationwide online survey exploring clinical decision-making in primary care.Participants109 GPs based in the United Kingdom (UK) who were registered as responders on Dynata (an online survey platform).InterventionsGPs were presented with four vignettes which described a patient aged 75 with a smoking history presenting with worsening symptoms (either general or respiratory) and with or without a pre-existing diagnosis of COPD.Primary and secondary outcome measuresGPs indicated the three most likely diagnoses (free-text) and selected four management approaches (20 pre-coded options). Attribution of symptoms to lung cancer and referral for urgent chest X-ray were primary outcomes. Alternative diagnoses and management approaches were explored as secondary outcomes. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression was used, including random intercepts for individual GPs.Results422 vignettes were completed. There was no evidence for COPD status as a predictor of lung cancer attribution (OR=1.1, 95% CI=0.5–2.4, p=0.914). There was no evidence for COPD status as a predictor of urgent chest X-ray referral (OR=0.6, 95% CI=0.3–1.2, p=0.12) or as a predictor when in combination with symptom type (OR=0.9, 95% CI=0.5–1.8, p=0.767).ConclusionsLung cancer was identified as a possible diagnosis for persistent respiratory by only one out of five GPs, irrespective of the patients’ COPD status. Increasing awareness among GPs of the link between COPD and lung cancer may increase the propensity for performing chest X-rays and referral for diagnostic testing for symptomatic patients.
Growing–finishing pigs do not need additional zinc in a phytase-supplemented wheat–barley–soybean meal-based diet
Authors: Nielsen Tina Skau , Hansen Sally Veronika , Woyengo Tofuko Awori 
Published: August 2024

Focus remains on reducing the excretion of surplus zinc (Zn) from pigs through manure due to environmental and public health concerns. Growing–finishing pigs may need less dietary Zn than current EU legislation allows and what is typically applied on farms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three dietary Zn levels on productivity, Zn homeostasis, and health status in growing pigs fed a grain and soybean meal-based diet with a high inclusion of phytase (1000 phytase units). Ninety pigs were offered a diet with 1431 and 83 ppm total Zn from weeks 0–2 and 2–6 post-weaning, respectively, followed by one of three dietary Zn levels (31 (unsupplemented), 69, or 102 ppm total Zn, n = 30/Zn level) from weeks 6–16 post-weaning (30–110 kg). Productivity and health were unaffected by dietary Zn level. Despite differences in serum Zn according to dietary Zn level in week 10, serum Zn remained above the assumed sufficient level following all dietary Zn levels through the experiment. No signs of parakeratosis were observed, and we conclude that growing–finishing pigs produce and stay healthy without added Zn to a phytase supplemented grain–soybean meal-based diet when optimal dietary Zn levels are applied up to 30 kg.