bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An anonymous and secure biometric‐based enterprise digital rights management system for mobile environment
Authors: Mishra Dheerendra , Das Ashok Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Sourav 
Published: May 2015

AbstractInternet‐based content distribution facilitates an efficient platform to sell the digital content to the remote users. However, the digital content can be easily copied and redistributed over the network, which causes huge loss to the right holders. On the contrary, the digital rights management (DRM) systems have been introduced in order to regulate authorized content distribution. Enterprise DRM (E‐DRM) system is an application of DRM technology, which aims to prevent illegal access of data in an enterprise. Earlier works on E‐DRM do not address anonymity, which may lead to identity theft. Recently, Chang et al. proposed an efficient E‐DRM mechanism. Their scheme provides greater efficiency and protects anonymity. Unfortunately, we identify that their scheme does not resist the insider attack and password‐guessing attack. In addition, Chang et al.'s scheme has some design flaws in the authorization phase. We then point out the requirements of E‐DRM system and present the cryptanalysis of Chang et al.'s scheme. In order to remedy the security weaknesses found in Chang et al.'s scheme, we aim to present a secure and efficient E‐DRM scheme. The proposed scheme supports the authorized content key distribution and satisfies the desirable security attributes. Additionally, our scheme offers low communication and computation overheads and user's anonymity as well. Through the rigorous formal and informal security analyses, we show that our scheme is secure against possible known attacks. Furthermore, the simulation results for the formal security analysis using the widely accepted Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications tool ensure that our scheme is also secure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composite action in shallow floor beams with different shear connections
Authors: Leskela Matti V. , Peltonen Simo , Obiala Renata 
Published: May 2015

AbstractShallow floor beams, abbreviated to SF beams and also known as slim floor beams, are beams where most of the beam member is embedded in the concrete decking of the floor, which is supported on the lower flange or outward ledge of the beam. SF beams are composite members in which composite action can be utilized in both the serviceability and ultimate limit state conditions or only at the serviceability limit state, depending on the decking type. This paper discusses the composite action in SF beams when the decking is of a solid type, i.e. consists of a reinforced concrete slab or composite slab with profiled sheeting, making it possible to benefit from the composite behaviour at all important limit states. Hollow‐core decking supported on SF beams is a special case in which the composite action can only be employed in the design for serviceability conditions. Another paper covers the special issues regarding the design of such shallow floors.
Design of slim‐floor construction for human‐induced vibrations
Authors: Hicks Stephen , Peltonen Simo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a simplified design method for evaluating the vibration response of composite floors with slim‐floor beams. The methodology is amenable to hand calculations and is appropriate for floors with regularly spaced grids and vibrations that are occasioned by walking activities. From in situ tests that have been undertaken on six floors, it is shown that slim‐floor construction can easily satisfy the demanding ISO 10137 response limits for operating theatres and laboratories together with limits recommended by industry for car parks and shopping malls. Comparisons with measurements show that the simplified method presented here provides conservative predictions, and may therefore be used with confidence in design.
Effect of unzipping connection behaviour on the composite interaction of shallow floor beams
Authors: Leskela Matti V. , Peltonen Simo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUnzipping connection behaviour is not referred to in EN 1994‐1‐1 – only ductile and non‐ductile shear connections are classified. It might be clear that unzipping connections belong to the non‐ductile ones, but not all the non‐ductile connections are unzipping ones. Characteristic of unzipping connection behaviour is that, initially, connection stiffness is high and composite action is efficient. However, as the load increases, so the connection loses its shear stiffness very rapidly, and after the onset of plastic behaviour in the beam, the decking no longer contributes to the bending resistance of the initially composite member. This behaviour is most typically seen in shallow floor beams (abbreviated to SF beams) supporting hollow‐core decking. This is a companion paper to the one in which the composite action in SF beams with ductile shear connections is discussed.
An Eye to the Sky
Authors: Helbig Thorsten , Kamp Florian , Oppe Matthias 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA 6500 m² glazed grid shell dome covers the Nazarbayev Centre in Astana, Kazakhstan. Located near the Presidential Palace, this futuristic building, designed by Foster Partners in London, is one of a whole series of prominent architectural buildings in Astana.The 20° inclined glass roof spans across various levels of the reinforced concrete structure and slopes down to the north. The dome has a span of over 90 m and a rise of about 11 m. A sufficient in‐plane stiffness of the rectangular grid of the dome is achieved by the rigidly connected rectangular hollow sections, which are framed by a strong circumferential edge beam. Connections of the grid and edge beam are bolted mainly as a means to cope with the ambitious time schedule that required fast erection during the strong Kazakh winter. By means of a statically determined support, the roof grid and edge beam of the glazed dome remain largely independent of the concrete structure’s long‐term and deformation behavior. A major issue for the roof structure was the verification of global buckling of the dome. In order to minimize tolerances, all connection surfaces of bolt joints were CNC milled. This article summarizes the design philosophy of the dome steel grid and the relationship between glazed dome and main concrete structure.
Genome‐wide association studies in biliary atresia
Authors: Ningappa Mylarappa , Min Jun , Higgs Brandon W. , Ashokkumar Chethan , Ranganathan Sarangarajan , Sindhi Rakesh 
Published: May 2015

Biliary atresia (BA) is a model complex disease resulting from interactions between multiple susceptibility loci and environmental factors. This perception is based on a heterogeneous phenotype extending beyond an absent extrahepatic bile duct to include gut and cardiovascular anomalies, and the association of BA with viral infections. Refractory jaundice and progression to cirrhosis shortly after birth can be fatal without surgical correction, and further suggests a pathogenesis during liver and bile duct development. Conclusive proof for a developmental origin would require documentation of disease progression in the perinatal or fetal liver, an impossible task for obvious reasons. We review three different sets of genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) from three different cohorts of BA patients by three different groups of investigators, which address this knowledge gap. Knockdown of each susceptibility gene identified by GWAS in zebrafish embryos impairs excretion of bile from the liver, duplicating the characteristic diagnostic finding seen in affected children. This finding is associated with impaired intrahepatic biliary network formation in zebrafish morphants. Although distinct, these susceptibility genes share several functions including roles in mechanisms for organogenesis (glypican 1 or GPC1, and adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor 6, or ARF6) or a greater expression in fetal liver than in adult liver (adducin 3 or ADD3). Together, these studies emphasize the importance of the human evidence, and present opportunities to map novel pathways which explain the phenotypic heterogeneity of BA. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2015, 7:267–273. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1303This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine
Stent Placement for Portal Vein Stenosis After Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Hiyoshi Masahide , Fujii Yoshiro , Kondo Kazuhiro , Imamura Naoya , Nagano Motoaki , Ohuchida Jiro 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundPortal vein (PV) stenosis is a worrisome late complication following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) that causes intestinal bleeding from varices, which must be diagnosed correctly and treated promptly. Recent reports advocate the usefulness of stent placement to improve PV stenosis.MethodsWe evaluated the cause, diagnosis, and treatment method of PV stenosis after PD and the duration of stent patency in our institution.ResultsIntestinal bleeding caused by PV stenosis occurred in 5 (2.4 %) of 205 patients. A computed tomography scan was useful to diagnose this complication. Four of 5 patients with PV stenosis underwent percutaneous transhepatic PV stent placement. The duration of stent patency was 21–41 months, and no rebleeding occurred.ConclusionsPercutaneous stent placement is viable, less invasive option than laparotomy for the management of PV stenosis after PD.
p110Delta Inhibits Monocyte Infiltration by Thioglycollate‐Induced Periotoneal Inflammation but Not HCD‐Induced Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in APOE KO Mice
Authors: Tang Futian , Li Xiaoqiang , Gui Yali , Qi Cuiling , Lu Meili , Dai Chunmei , Wang Hongxin , Wang Lijing 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe have previously reported that phosphoinositide 3‐kinase p110δ knockout (p110δ KO) diminished the adhesion of leukocytes to capillary venules and suppressed the peritoneal infiltration of leukocytes, both functions that play important roles in atherosclerosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that p110δ deficiency might be protective against atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice were crossed with p110δ KO mice to generate homozygous double knockout mice (ApoE/p110δ DKO). The present study showed that ApoE/p110δ DKO mice fed with a high cholesterol diet (HCD) demonstrated less peritoneal infiltration of leukocytes and monocytes compared with ApoE KO mice after intraperitoneal injection of thioglycollate, an inducer of acute peritoneal inflammation. Unexpectedly, atherosclerosis in the aortic root and in the entire aorta was similar between the ApoE/p110δ DKO and ApoE KO groups. No difference in Mac‐3 expression, indicative of macrophage infiltration, was found between the two groups. Further analysis showed that ApoE KO mice chronically fed with HCD had increased levels of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein in the blood and counts and percentages of circulating monocytes compared with ApoE KO mice fed with a normal diet. Consistently, the deficiency of p110δ affected neither the counts nor the percentages of monocytes nor the lipid profiles in the blood. The results suggested that p110δ plays an important role in acute but not in chronic inflammation, the latter being included in the early characteristics of atherosclerosis, which might explain the finding that p110δ deficiency fails to inhibit early atherosclerosis.
A Weighty Issue: Diminished Net Nutrition Among the U.S. Working Class in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Carson Scott Alan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMuch has been written about the modern obesity epidemic, and historical BMIs are low compared with their modern counterparts. However, interpreting BMI variation is difficult because BMIs increase when weight increases or when stature decreases, and the two have different implications for human health. An alternative measure for net current nutritional conditions is body weight. After controlling for height, I find that African American and white weights decreased throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Farmers had greater average weights than workers in other occupations. Individuals from the South had taller statures, greater BMIs, and heavier weights than workers in other U.S. regions, indicating that even though the South had higher disease rates in the nineteenth century, it had better net nutritional conditions.
Feedback on role model behaviour: effective for clinical trainers?
Authors: Jochemsen-van der Leeuw H.G.A. Ria , Waard Margreet Wieringa-de , Van Dijk Nynke 
Published: May 2015

Aim The aim of this study was to assess changes in role model behaviour of clinical trainers after giving personal feedback.
Methods First-year general practitioner (GP) trainees at two institutes for GP speciality training in the Netherlands were asked to complete an assessment of their clinical trainers: the Role Model Apperception Tool (RoMAT). The RoMAT consists of attributes of positive role modelling divided into two components (Caring Attitude and Effectiveness) and was scored on a 5-point Likert scale twice. After the first assessment moment, the trainers received their personal scores combined with the mean score of their peers. The trainers were divided into three performance groups: below average, average and above average.
Results Only the group with the lowest scores showed an improvement on the Effectiveness component of the RoMAT from 3.89 to 4.08 (p = 0.04) with an effect size of.52, showing a large effect. This pattern is confirmed by the number of trainers shifting from the below average performance group to the average (7) and above average (5) performance groups.
Conclusion Giving feedback to clinical trainers resulted in better scores on the Effectiveness characteristics. This indicates that role model behaviour of clinical trainers can be improved.
Law and the Construction of Institutionalized Sexual Harassment in Restaurants
Authors: Matulewicz Kaitlyn 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper tells the story of how full-service restaurant work is organized in such a way that sexualized interactions between customers and women working as servers, bartenders, and hostesses become enmeshed in the labour process. Key to this organization is how law contributes to making restaurant work precarious. With the unique gendered wage-tip relation, a relation legitimized and reinforced through lower minimum wage regulations for alcohol servers, workers rely on customers for tips. This fuels a relationship of unequal power that leaves workers vulnerable to sexual harassment and sexualized interactions with customers as the price to be paid for a tip—a form of institutionalized quid pro quo. Moreover, power relations become intensified in a work environment where employee schedules, duration of shifts, the regulation of tips, and overall income are insecure and unpredictable—all of these characteristics are attributable, in large part, to shortcomings of employment standards legislation in British Columbia.
PAPER MONEY, THE NATION, AND THE SUSPENSION OF CASH PAYMENTS IN 1797
Authors: SHIN HIROKI 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article considers British society's response to the suspension of cash payments in February 1797. Although this event marked the beginning of the so-called Bank Restriction Period, during which the Bank of England's notes were inconvertible, there have been no detailed studies on the social and political situation surrounding the suspension. This article provides an in-depth examination of the events leading up to and immediately following the suspension. It questions existing accounts of the suspension as a smooth transition into the nationwide use of paper money and describes the complex process that came into play to avert a nationwide financial collapse. The decision to suspend the Bank's cash payments stemmed from deep-rooted financial instability, exacerbated by recurrent invasion scares that heightened after the French attempt on Bantry Bay, Ireland, in December 1796. Under such circumstances, national support for drastic financial measures could not be taken for granted. The article demonstrates that the declaration movement, which was a form of consolidated and visualized trust in the financial system, played a crucial role in the 1797 suspension crisis.
ROMANTIC LIBERALISM IN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL, c. 1825–1850
Authors: PAQUETTE GABRIEL 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article examines Spanish and Portuguese liberal political thought in the period after the independence of Latin America (c. 1825–50). It argues that while Iberian liberalism undoubtedly reflected broader European and transatlantic debates and intellectual trends, it was distinguished by its robust engagement with literary romanticism. The article proceeds to describe and make a case for ‘romantic liberalism’ through the examination of texts by six politically engaged writers: Spanish statesman, poet and dramatist Francisco Martínez de la Rosa (1787–1862); Portuguese statesman, poet, novelist, and dramatist João Baptista da Silva Leitão de Almeida Garrett (1799–1854); Spanish poet and statesman Ángel de Saavedra (1791–1865), Duque de Rivas; Spanish parliamentarian and literary critic Antonio Alcalá Galiano; Spanish poet, journalist, and parliamentarian José de Espronceda (1808–42); and Portuguese historian, novelist, and journalist Alexandre Herculano (1810–77).
THE CULTURE OF COMBINATION: SOLIDARITIES AND COLLECTIVE ACTION BEFORE TOLPUDDLE
Authors: GRIFFIN CARL J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBeyond the repression of the national waves of food rioting during the subsistence crises of the 1790s, workers in the English countryside lost the will and ability to mobilize. Or so the historical orthodoxy goes. Such a conceptualization necessarily positions the ‘Bread or Blood’ riots of 1816, the Swing rising of 1830, and, in particular, the agrarian trade unionism practised at Tolpuddle in 1834 as exceptional events. This article offers a departure by placing Tolpuddle into its wider regional context. The unionists at Tolpuddle, it is shown, were not making it up as they went along but instead acted in ways consistent with shared understandings and experiences of collective action and unionism practised throughout the English west. In so doing, it pays particular attention to the forms of collective action – and judicial responses – that extended between different locales and communities and which joined farmworkers, artisans, and industrial workers together. So conceived, Tolpuddle was not an exception. Rather, it can be more usefully understood as a manifestation of deeply entrenched cultures, an episode that assumes its historical potency because of its subsequent politicized representations.
‘MARXISTS OF STRICT OBSERVANCE’? THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL, NATIONAL DEFENCE, AND THE QUESTION OF WAR
Authors: MULHOLLAND MARC 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn August 1914, as war broke out, socialist parties across Europe offered support to their own governments. The Socialist International was shattered. This rush to defencism has traditionally been seen as a volte face in which the International's frequent protestations in favour of peace and international working-class solidarity were suddenly abandoned. The collapse has been variously ascribed to socialist helplessness, betrayal, or ideological incoherence. This article examines the International's attitudes to war and peace as developed and espoused in the decades before 1914, and finds that the decisions of the constituent socialist parties in 1914 were understandable within this context. Socialists were not abandoning past ideals, but attempting to put them into practice. The circumstances of modern war, however, made traditional distinctions – between aggressor and defensive belligerents, and between ‘progressive’ and ‘reactionary’ nations – difficult to maintain. For some socialists, this meant that socialists of every country had a certain justification in rallying to their nation's defence. For Lenin and the Bolsheviks, however, if no capitalist country could be considered innocent, then all must be guilty.
HECKSCHER RELOADED? MERCANTILISM, THE STATE, AND EUROPE'S TRANSITION TO INDUSTRIALIZATION, 1600–1900*
Authors: RȪSSNER PHILIPP ROBINSON 
Published: May 2015

Recent years have seen an increase in the number of historical studies dealing with the state and its involvement in the process of economic growth, both prior to and during the transition known as industrialization. This is striking inasmuch as for a long time the state as an actor had been absent from the master narratives in history. It is still lacking in most studies on the Great Divergence, i.e. the story explaining the long-run differential growth trajectories between Europe and Asia, c.ad1500–2000. It has been, likewise, missing in the more ‘Euro-centrist’ accounts on the perceived ‘European miracle’ – models that were to an extent influenced by neoclassical theory about market performance and economic development, which quite naturally saw little room for the pro-active state in the explanation of economic success, and against which much of the Great Divergence narrative was developed as an alternative model. As an actor, the state has also been missing from most of the accounts on Europe's first transition to industrialization. And it has had, until very recently, very little place in modern economic theory explaining long-run growth and economic change. Even the wider public opinion – just think of journalist T. Friedman's early 2000s best-sellerThe world is flat – had, by the late twentieth century, increasingly subscribed to the idea that free markets, unfettered globalization, and the ‘invisible hand’ were the best means to achieve economic health.
Nuclear Brinkmanship, Limited War, and Military Power
Authors: Powell Robert 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn open question in nuclear deterrence theory is whether and how the balance of military power affects the dynamics of escalation. The balance of military strength plays virtually no role in standard accounts of brinkmanship. But this is largely by assumption and seems incompatible with an apparent trade-off between power and risk that decision makers have faced in some actual crises. This paper incorporates this trade-off in a modified model of nuclear brinkmanship. A main result is that the more likely the balance of resolve is to favor a defender, the less military power a challenger brings to bear. The model also formalizes the stability-instability paradox, showing that a less stable strategic balance, that is, a sharper trade-off between power and risk, makes conflict at high levels of violence less likely but conflict at lower levels more likely. The analysis also helps explain the incentives different states have to adopt different nuclear doctrines and force postures.