bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different goals, different predictions: Accuracy and bias in financial planning for events and time periods
Authors: Peetz Johanna , Buehler Roger 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPersonal spending predictions are sometimes optimistically biased because predictors focus on their current savings goals. The present studies explored the role of savings goals in prediction by comparing spending predictions for time periods and discrete events. Contemplating a concrete event may elicit specific goals that compete with a focus on savings goals. Consistent with this hypothesis, Studies 1 and 2 revealed that participants relied less on savings goals, and were less biased, when predicting event spending rather than weekly spending. Study 3 demonstrated the causal impact of focusing on goals that compete with savings goals: Participants induced to focus on competing goals predicted to spend more money next week, and relied less on savings goals to generate their predictions.
Using peer injunctive norms to predict early adolescent cigarette smoking intentions
Authors: Zaleski Adam C. , Aloise‐Young Patricia A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe present study investigated the importance of the perceived injunctive norm to predict early adolescent cigarette smoking intentions. A total of 271 sixth graders completed a survey that included perceived prevalence of friend smoking (descriptive norm), perceptions of friends' disapproval of smoking (injunctive norm), and future smoking intentions. Participants also listed their five best friends, from which the actual injunctive norm was calculated. Results showed that smoking intentions were significantly correlated with the perceived injunctive norm but not with the actual injunctive norm. Second, the perceived injunctive norm predicted an additional 3.4% of variance in smoking intentions above and beyond the perceived descriptive norm. These results demonstrate the importance of the perceived injunctive norm in predicting early adolescent smoking intentions.
Periodontal bacterial invasion and infection: contribution to atherosclerotic pathology
Authors: Reyes Leticia , Herrera David , Kozarov Emil , Roldán Silvia , Progulske‐Fox Ann 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this review was to perform a systematic evaluation of the literature reporting current scientific evidence for periodontal bacteria as contributors to atherosclerosis.MethodsLiterature from epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies concerning periodontal bacteria and atherosclerosis were reviewed. Gathered data were categorized into seven “proofs” of evidence that periodontal bacteria: 1) disseminate from the oral cavity and reach systemic vascular tissues; 2) can be found in the affected tissues; 3) live within the affected site; 4) invade affected cell types in vitro; 5) induce atherosclerosis in animal models of disease; 6) non‐invasive mutants of periodontal bacteria cause significantly reduced pathology in vitro and in vivo; and 7) periodontal isolates from human atheromas can cause disease in animal models of infection.ResultsSubstantial evidence for proofs 1 to 6 was found. However, proof 7 has not yet been fulfilled.ConclusionsDespite the lack of evidence that periodontal bacteria obtained from human atheromas can cause atherosclerosis in animal models of infection, attainment of proofs 1 to 6 provides support that periodontal pathogens can contribute to atherosclerosis.
Towards a Molecular Taxonomy for Protists: Benefits, Risks, and Applications in Plankton Ecology
Authors: Caron David A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe increasing use of genetic information for the development of methods to study the diversity, distributions, and activities of protists in nature has spawned a new generation of powerful tools. For ecologists, one lure of these approaches lies in the potential for DNA sequences to provide the only immediately obvious means of normalizing the diverse criteria that presently exist for identifying and counting protists. A single, molecular taxonomy would allow studies of diversity across a broad range of species, as well as the detection and quantification of particular species of interest within complex, natural assemblages; goals that are not feasible using traditional methods. However, these advantages are not without their potential pitfalls and problems. Conflicts involving the species concept, disagreements over the true (physiological/ecological) meaning of genetic diversity, and a perceived threat by some that sequence information will displace knowledge regarding the morphologies, functions and physiologies of protistan taxa, have created debate and doubt regarding the efficacy and appropriateness of some genetic approaches. These concerns need continued discussion and eventual resolution as we move toward the irresistible attraction, and potentially enormous benefits, of the application of genetic approaches to protistan ecology.
Effect of Xylanase on Quality Attributes of Whole‐wheat bread
Authors: Ghoshal G. , Shivhare U.S. , Banerjee U.C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPartially purified xylanase was used in whole‐wheat bread manufacturing to study its effect on the quality attributes of the bread during storage at room temperature (25 ± 2C) and refrigerated temperature (4 ± 1C). Incorporation of xylanase resulted in reduced water absorption for dough preparation and reduced moisture loss from bread during storage. Addition of xylanase resulted in increased specific volume, increased shelf life, lower firmness during storage, reduced staling and brighter color of bread compared with that prepared without enzyme. Total color difference ΔE increased with storage time, but the extent of increase was lower in xylanase‐supplemented bread. Glass transition temperature increased slowly during storage with significant (P < 0.05) enthalpy change. Rate of increase of firmness during storage was lower in xylanase‐supplemented bread as compared with control. Xylanase supplementation resulted in improved sensory attributes of bread.Practical ApplicationsInadequate rising of dough leading to hardness, reduced volume and grainy mouthfeel results due to presence of bran in whole‐wheat bread. Additives are therefore used to overcome this problem. Use of hydrolase in whole‐wheat bread results in better color and flavor, softer texture, longer shelf life, fiber‐rich nutritious bread. Partially purified microbial xylanase was used in the present study to produce whole‐wheat bread with better sensory properties.
Lower polyamine levels in breast milk of obese mothers compared to mothers with normal body weight
Authors: Ali M. Atiya , Strandvik B. , Palme‐Kilander C. , Yngve A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundObesity is associated with risks for mother and infant, and the mothers' dietary habits influence breast milk composition. Polyamines are secreted in breast milk and are essential for the regulation of intestinal and immune function in newborns and infants. The present study aimed to investigate the level of polyamines in human milk obtained from obese and normal weight mothers at different times of lactation.MethodsBreast milk from 50 mothers was obtained at day 3, and at 1 and 2 months after delivery. The mothers had normal body weight [body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg m–2] or were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2). A subgroup of obese mothers participated in a weight reduction programme during pregnancy. Polyamines were analysed using high‐performance liquid chromatography.ResultsThe total polyamine content was significantly lower at all times in breast milk from obese mothers compared to milk from controls. Spermine levels did not differ between groups at any time in contrast to the levels of putrescine and spermidine. Putrescine concentrations were highest on day 3 and spermidine and spermine were highest at 1 month of lactation. The obese mothers, who received dietary advice during pregnancy based on the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations, had higher concentrations of putrescine and spermidine in their milk than the obese mothers without any intervention.ConclusionsPolyamine concentrations were lower in breast milk from obese mothers compared to mothers with a normal weight. General dietary intervention in obese mothers increased the polyamine levels, suggesting that the low levels in obesity were at least partly associated with food habits. However, the consistency of spermine suggests a special metabolic function of this polyamine.
New measure for fathers of children with developmental challenges
Authors: Ly A. R. , Goldberg W. A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere is a relative lack of measures tailored to the study of fathers of children with developmental challenges (DCs). The goal of the current study was to create and validate a brief measure designed to capture the perceptions and experiences of these fathers. The Fathers of Children with Developmental Challenges (FCDC) questionnaire was designed to assess fathers' perceptions of the supports for, and challenges to, their efforts to be involved in the rearing of their children.MethodParticipants were 101 fathers of children with DCs who completed an online survey. Scale validation included tests to determine reliability, validity and factor structure. Used to establish validity were measures of parenting stress, parenting commitment, parent personality and child social‐communicative skills.ResultsAnalyses indicated that the FCDC is reliable (α = 0.89), demonstrates content validity, construct validity and acts in theoretically expected ways. Factor analysis on the 20‐item measure yielded two sub‐scales: (1) impact on parenting, and (2) involvement with child intervention.ConclusionsThe FCDC fills a gap in the literature by offering an easy‐to‐administer self‐report measure of fathers' perceptions of supports for, and barriers to, their involvement with their children with DCs. The FCDC could assist professionals in delivering support services specifically for fathers of children with DCs.
An assessment of mast cells and myofibroblasts in denture‐induced fibrous hyperplasia
Authors: Kiuchi Misa , Yamamura Takashi , Okudera Michisato , Souksavanh Vongsa , Ishigami Tomohiko , Iwase Takashi , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Komiyama Kazuo 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesThe pathogenesis of denture‐induced fibrous hyperplasias has not been examined in detail to explain how tissue injury results in fibrous hyperplasia of the oral mucosa.Patients and MethodsWe examined the presence of mast cells and myofibroblasts in 33 denture‐induced fibrous hyperplasias (DIFH) compared with 10 healthy gingival tissues. The parameters examined included mast cell numbers, tissue distribution, degranulation, and cell subtypes using immunohistochemistry. The presence of myofibroblasts and their likely origin was also examined by double immunofluorescense staining. Furthermore, we investigated the synthesis of osteopontin and TGF‐β, considered to be involved in the transformation of a fibroblast to a myofibroblast.ResultsThe results demonstrated that the mast cell numbers are significantly increased in the DIFH compared with non‐disease controls. The mast cell localization in lesions was higher in the superficial areas with inflammatory cell infiltration compared with the deep fibrotic area (P < 0.01). The number of tryptase‐positive mast cells was significantly higher compared with chymase‐positive ones. The TGF‐β‐ or osteopontin‐positive cell infiltration into the lesion was found in high numbers. The presence of myofibroblasts was identified in 14 of 33 cases (42%), and some of these cells showed apoptosis when assessed by the TUNEL assay. On the survey of the origin of myofibroblasts, results showed αSMA and vimentin positivity indicating these transformed from fibroblasts.ConclusionThese results are the first to show that mast cells and myofibroblasts can be detected in DIFH, indicating important roles of these cells in the pathogenesis of this lesion.
The use of psychological therapies by mental health nurses in Australia
Authors: Fisher J. E. 
Published: April 2013

Accessible summaryThis paper examines the usage of psychological therapies by mental health nurses. The paper presents the findings from a questionnaire survey of 528 practising mental health nurses in Australia. Key findings include:
Mental health nurses believe employing psychological therapies such as cognitive behaviour therapy in their practice will improve therapeutic outcomes for consumers.
Mental health nurses overwhelmingly want to employ psychological therapies in their practice.
They think mental health nursing and hospital and community health management is too focussed on medical treatment and risk management, which means that their nursing practice is dominated by the administration of medication, excessive documentation, and patient observation.
They identify barriers preventing them from practising psychological therapies. These include lack of confidence, low nurse morale, no support from other nurses, low staffing levels, lack of training opportunities, and inadequate support from nursing management.
AbstractThis paper reports on a research project which examines the feasibility of mental health nurses employing psychological therapies in the nursing care of people with severe mental illness. Attitudes towards current usage and factors influencing the adoption of psychological therapies are investigated. The paper addresses the gap in the Australian nursing literature regarding the therapeutic role of mental health nurses (MHN)s in relation to the use of evidence‐based psychological therapies. This paper presents the findings from an online questionnaire survey of 528 practising MHNs in Australia. The findings demonstrate enthusiastic support among nurses towards employing psychological therapies, with 93% of respondents indicating they would like to use psychological therapies in their current practice. Correspondingly, there is strong demand for education and training in applying psychological therapies. A number of barriers to implementing psychological therapies are identified. It is noted that place of employment is a significant factor, with mental health nurses working in the public sector more likely to state institutional barriers are restricting their therapeutic potential and preventing them from implementing psychological therapies.
Effects of food processing and fibre content on the digestibility, energy intake and biochemical parameters of Blue‐and‐gold macaws (Ara ararauna L. – Aves, Psittacidae)
Authors: Veloso R. R. , Sakomura N. K. , Kawauchi I. M. , Malheiros E. B. , Carciofi A. C. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryConsidering the increased incidence of obesity and metabolic diseases in caged psittacines, the effect of fibre and food processing was evaluated in the Blue‐and‐gold macaw. Four food formulations (0%, 7%, 14% and 21% of sugarcane fibre) processed by pelleting or extrusion were studied, resulting in eight diets. To study digestibility, 48 macaws housed in pairs in cages was used in a block design. Subsequently, diets containing 0% or 21% sugarcane fibre, pelleted or extrude was fed for 4 months to evaluate energy intake and blood metabolites. A 2 × 2 × 2 (two fibre levels, two food processing methods and two genders) factorial arrangement with subplots (beginning and end) was used. When differences were detected in anova's F test, data were submitted to polynomial contrasts in the first experiment and to orthogonal contrasts in the second experiment (p < 0.05). Fibre addition reduced protein, fat and energy (p < 0.001) digestibility in both food processing. Pelleted foods presented higher dry matter digestibility and food metabolisable energy (ME) than the extruded ones (p < 0.05). Fibre addition or the type of processing did not change ME ingestion (p > 0.05). The macaws gained body weight (p < 0.05) regardless of the diet (p > 0.05), but females fed with the high‐fibre diets did not gain weight (p > 0.05), suggesting a low food ME (12.5 kJ/g).The substitution of the original diet (sunflower seeds, fruits and cooked maize) by the experimental foods decreased the basal (12‐h fast) concentrations of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides (p < 0.001). The consumption of pelleted diets reduced serum glucose and cholesterol (p < 0.05). Results suggest that the pelleted diets were more beneficial and can be used to reduce blood metabolites related to metabolic disorders that are commonly observed in macaws.
Phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate is enriched in granulovacuolar degeneration bodies and neurofibrillary tangles
Authors: Nishikawa Tomokazu , Takahashi Tetsuya , Nakamori Masahiro , Yamazaki Yu , Kurashige Takashi , Nagano Yoshito , Nishida Yoshihiko , Izumi Yuishin , Matsumoto Masayasu 
Published: April 2013

AimsAmong the pathological findings in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the temporal and spatial profiles of granulovacuolar degeneration (GVD) bodies are characteristic in that they seem to be related to those of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), suggesting a common mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of these structures. Flotillin‐1, a marker of lipid rafts, accumulates in lysosomes of tangle‐bearing neurones in AD patients. In addition, recent reports have shown that GVD bodies accumulate at the nexus of the autophagic and endocytic pathways. The aim of this study was to elucidate the distribution of the lipid component of lipid rafts, phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2], in AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.MethodsWe compared PtdIns(4,5)P2 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and neocortex of five AD cases, 17 cases of other neurodegenerative disorders and four controls. In addition, we performed double staining using markers of GVD, NFTs and lipid rafts for further characterization.ResultsImmunohistochemical analysis revealed that PtdIns(4,5)P2 was selectively enriched in GVD bodies and NFTs. Although immunoreactivity for PtdIns(4,5)P2 was also evident in NFTs composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, PtdIns(4,5)P2 was segregated from phosphorylated tau within NFTs by double immunofluorescence staining. In contrast, PtdIns(4,5)P2 colocalized with the lipid raft markers flotillin‐1 and annexin 2, within GVD bodies and NFTs.ConclusionsThese results suggest that lipid raft components including PtdIns(4,5)P2 play a role in the formation of both GVD bodies and NFTs.
Multilocus genetic models of handedness closely resemble single‐locus models in explaining family data and are compatible with genome‐wide association studies
Authors: McManus I. C. , Davison Angus , Armour John A. L. 
Published: April 2013

Right‐ and left‐handedness run in families, show greater concordance in monozygotic than dizygotic twins, and are well described by single‐locus Mendelian models. Here we summarize a large genome‐wide association study (GWAS) that finds no significant associations with handedness and is consistent with a meta‐analysis of GWASs. The GWAS had 99% power to detect a single locus using the conventional criterion of P < 5 × 10−8 for the single locus models of McManus and Annett. The strong conclusion is that handedness is not controlled by a single genetic locus. A consideration of the genetic architecture of height, primary ciliary dyskinesia, and intelligence suggests that handedness inheritance can be explained by a multilocus variant of the McManus DC model, classical effects on family and twins being barely distinguishable from the single locus model. Based on the ENGAGE meta‐analysis of GWASs, we estimate at least 40 loci are involved in determining handedness.
Tumour necrosis factor antagonist and tuberculosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: An Asian perspective
Authors: To Kin Wang , Reino Juan J Gomez , Yoo Dae Hyun , Tam Lai Shan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease in which inflammation of the joints is one of the dominant clinical abnormalities resulting in serious morbidity. Over the past decade, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist has revolutionized the treatment of RA. However, the subsequent increased risk of developing tuberculosis is one of the major drawbacks of this otherwise effective treatment. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is an asymptomatic form of tuberculosis that is confined by the host's immune system. Active tuberculosis may develop when the immune status weakens. This risk is much higher in patients receiving TNF antagonist. Traditionally, tuberculin skin test (TST) is used to diagnose LTBI. Unfortunately, TST cannot distinguish bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) vaccination from tuberculosis making it difficult to use as a reliable diagnostic tool. In addition, possible anergy and interaction of the altered autoimmune status in rheumatological diseases further complicate the interpretation of TST results. Although interferon‐gamma release assay (IGRA) has improved the diagnosis of LTBI in immunocompetent individuals, its respective sensitivity/specificity values are unknown in patients with autoimmune disease due to variable pretest probability and lack of confirmatory test for LTBI. Thus, the use of IGRA for screening LTBI is variable among different countries. This review explores the prevalence of tuberculosis in patients receiving TNF antagonist in countries with different tuberculosis disease burdens and the potential mechanisms for variation in the incidence of tuberculosis with different TNF antagonists, the current practice guidelines for assessing the risk of LTBI in different countries, and the possible solutions for improving diagnosis, monitoring and management of LTBI.
Two Lotus japonicus symbiosis mutants impaired at distinct steps of arbuscule development
Authors: Groth Martin , Kosuta Sonja , Gutjahr Caroline , Haage Kristina , Hardel Simone Liesel , Schaub Miriam , Brachmann Andreas , Sato Shusei , Tabata Satoshi , Findlay Kim , Wang Trevor L. , Parniske Martin 
Published: April 2013

SummaryArbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi form nutrient‐acquiring symbioses with the majority of higher plants. Nutrient exchange occurs via arbuscules, highly branched hyphal structures that are formed within root cortical cells. With a view to identifying host genes involved in AM development, we isolated Lotus japonicus AM‐defective mutants via a microscopic screen of an ethyl methanesulfonate‐mutagenized population. A standardized mapping procedure was developed that facilitated positioning of the defective loci on the genetic map of L. japonicus, and, in five cases, allowed identification of mutants of known symbiotic genes. Two additional mutants representing independent loci did not form mature arbuscules during symbiosis with two divergent AM fungal species, but exhibited signs of premature arbuscule arrest or senescence. Marker gene expression patterns indicated that the two mutants are affected in distinct steps of arbuscule development. Both mutants formed wild‐type‐like root nodules upon inoculation with Mesorhizobium loti, indicating that the mutated loci are essential during AM but not during root nodule symbiosis.