bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varenicline for Treatment of Alcohol Dependence: A Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: de Bejczy Andrea , Löf Elin , Walther Lisa , Guterstam Joar , Hammarberg Anders , Asanovska Gulber , Franck Johan , Isaksson Anders , Söderpalm Bo 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundAlcohol dependence is a devastating illness affecting a large population, and new pharmacological treatments with good efficacy are greatly needed. One potential candidate is varenicline, a smoking cessation agent with partial agonist action at α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.MethodsA total of 160 subjects, 30 to 70 years of age, fulfilling DSM‐IV criteria for alcohol dependence without any serious physical or mental disorders, were recruited through advertisement at 3 university clinics in Sweden during March 2009 to January 2011. After a 2‐week placebo run‐in period, subjects received 2 mg varenicline daily (titrated from 0.5 mg during first week) or placebo for 12 weeks in a double‐blind manner.ResultsThe primary outcome was the proportion of heavy drinking days, measured by self‐reported alcohol consumption. Primary and secondary outcomes were calculated as a mean over the 10‐week steady‐state active treatment period. In the primary outcome analysis, no effect of varenicline over placebo was found (p = 0.73 for the intention to treat [ITT] and 0.92 for per protocol [PP]). Secondary outcome analysis found a significant reduction of specific alcohol marker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in the blood in the varenicline group compared to placebo (p = 0.02 ITT). Craving (p = 0.048 PP) and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores (p = 0.015 ITT) were also reduced in the active treatment group. PEth more strongly correlated with self‐reported alcohol consumption than carbohydrate‐deficient ttransferrin and γ‐glutamyl transferase, and correlation coefficients were higher in the varenicline group than in the placebo group for all markers.ConclusionsAlthough the results of the main outcome of this study did not support an effect of varenicline in alcohol‐dependent individuals, the secondary analyses of PEth, craving and AUDIT score support an effect of varenicline on alcohol consumption. The disclosure of a treatment effect and the lack of a clear placebo effect when using PEth as outcome variable, together with a nonsymmetric bias associated with self‐reported data, strongly argue for using the specific biomarker PEth in studies of treatments of alcohol dependence.
Geography of primary mental health care through the Better Access initiative in South Australia 2006–2010
Authors: Carson Dean , Bidargaddi Niranjan , Schrader Geoffrey , Allison Stephen , Jones Gabrielle Margaret , Bastiampillai Tarun , Strobel Jörg 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo examine how the rates of the use of particular face‐to‐face primary mental health care services changed in the first 4 years (2006–2010) of the Better Access initiative in both urban and rural regions of South Australia.DesignTime‐series analysis of the number of psychology session, psychiatry assessment and general practitioner care plan services recorded in Medicare Australia data.SettingSouth Australia. Pre‐existing data set of South Australian residents who accessed Medicare between 2006 and 2010Main objective measureNumber of services per 100 000 population (service rate).ResultsPsychology session service rates increased in all regions, but continued to follow a ‘location gradient’, being higher in areas closer to Adelaide and lower in areas more distant from Adelaide. Psychiatry assessment service rates increased in Adelaide but did not change in other regions. Rates in remote areas were subject to substantial variation over time. General practitioner care plan service rates increased in Adelaide and in the Riverland, but declined in the Murray Mallee region.ConclusionsOverall, service rates increased in Adelaide and nearby regions, but the results for rural and remote regions were mixed. Possible explanations for the geographical variability include population characteristics (such as socio‐economic status), methods of service delivery (visiting practitioners, telepsych), the relative proportion of total health services provided by general practitioners versus other practitioners, or real variations in the need for primary mental health services.
Ischemic Postconditioning and Nitric Oxide Administration Failed to Confer Protective Effects in a Porcine Model of Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Psotova Hana , Ostadal Petr , Mlcek Mikulas , Kruger Andreas , Janotka Marek , Vondrakova Dagmar , Svoboda Tomas , Hrachovina Matej , Taborsky Ludek , Dudkova Vlasta , Strunina Svitlana , Kittnar Otomar , Neuzil Petr 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe protective effects of ischemic postconditioning (IPC) and nitric oxide (NO) administration have been demonstrated in several ischemic scenarios. However, current evidence regarding the effect of IPC and NO in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation remains lacking. Fifteen female swine (body weight 45 kg) underwent veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) implantation; cardiac arrest‐ventricular fibrillation was induced by rapid ventricular pacing. After 20 min of cardiac arrest, blood flow was restored by increasing the ECMO flow rate to 4.5 L/min. The animals (five per group) were then randomly assigned to receive IPC (three cycles of 3 min ischemia and reperfusion), NO (80 ppm via oxygenator), or mild hypothermia (HT; 33.0°C). Cerebral oximetry and aortic blood pressure were monitored continuously. After 90 min of reperfusion, blood samples were drawn for the measurement of troponin I, myoglobin, creatine‐phosphokinase, alanine aminotransferase, neuron‐specific enolase, cystatin C, and reactive oxygen metabolite (ROM) levels. Significantly higher blood pressure and cerebral oxygen saturation values were observed in the HT group compared with the IPC and NO groups (P < 0.05). The levels of troponin I, myoglobin, creatine phosphokinase, and alanine aminotransferase were significantly lower in the HT group (P < 0.05); levels of neuron‐specific enolase, cystatin C, and ROM were not significantly different. IPC and NO were comparable in all monitored parameters. The results of the present study indicate that IPC and NO administration are not superior interventions to HT for the maintenance of blood pressure, cerebral oxygenation, organ protection, and suppression of oxidative stress following extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
People with cancer use goal adjustment strategies in the first 6 months after diagnosis and tell us how
Authors: Janse Moniek , Ranchor Adelita V. , Smink Ans , Sprangers Mirjam A. G. , Fleer Joke 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesTheory has offered suggestions on how people may adjust their personal goals after goal disturbance or altered life situations. However, the actual use of these goal adjustment strategies has rarely been studied. This study aimed to investigate whether the goal adjustment strategies identified in the literature are used in the first 6 months following a diagnosis of cancer and whether alternative strategies can be identified.DesignExploratory design with a qualitative method of data collection.MethodsPatients were asked to list their current personal goals within a month after being diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Six months later, they were asked what had happened to each of these goals. For each goal, raters scored whether (1) it was achieved or being pursued as planned, (2) a known strategy was used, or (3) an alternative strategy was used.ResultsPatients with colorectal cancer (n = 130) reported that more than half of their goals had been achieved or were being pursued as planned. The remaining goals (n = 210) required goal adjustment strategies. Patients used five of six known strategies that involved mostly limited adjustment. Additionally, they used combinations of goal adjustment strategies, and two alternative strategies were identified.ConclusionsThis study found that patients with cancer use goal adjustment strategies, and it provides illustrations on how these strategies are used, thus deepening and extending existing knowledge of and theory on goal adjustment. Future studies should take the newly identified strategies into account as well as the possible use of combinations of strategies.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

The successful pursuit of personal goals is important for maintaining well‐being. However, an unexpected and serious illness such as cancer can lead to the need to adjust goals, either because they have become difficult or impossible to attain due to physical hindrance of the illness and/or its treatment, or because other goals have become important due to the confrontation with the fragility of life. Theories have proposed options of how people may deal with their personal goals, but whether these so‐called goal adjustment strategies are actually used by cancer patients, and whether there are alternative strategies we need to take into account, is still unclear.

What does this study add?

This study employs a qualitative method of data collection to study what actually happens to cancer patients’ goals during the first 6 months after diagnosis.

This study found that almost all goal adjustment strategies from theory are indeed used by cancer patients and that they mostly use strategies which involve only limited adjustment and a continued focus on the original goal.

We found that patients with cancer use combinations of strategies and two alternative strategies, thereby complementing and expanding theories on goal adjustment.
Planar Shape Detection and Regularization in Tandem
Authors: Oesau Sven , Lafarge Florent , Alliez Pierre 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe present a method for planar shape detection and regularization from raw point sets. The geometric modelling and processing of man‐made environments from measurement data often relies upon robust detection of planar primitive shapes. In addition, the detection and reinforcement of regularities between planar parts is a means to increase resilience to missing or defect‐laden data as well as to reduce the complexity of models and algorithms down the modelling pipeline. The main novelty behind our method is to perform detection and regularization in tandem. We first sample a sparse set of seeds uniformly on the input point set, and then perform in parallel shape detection through region growing, interleaved with regularization through detection and reinforcement of regular relationships (coplanar, parallel and orthogonal). In addition to addressing the end goal of regularization, such reinforcement also improves data fitting and provides guidance for clustering small parts into larger planar parts. We evaluate our approach against a wide range of inputs and under four criteria: geometric fidelity, coverage, regularity and running times. Our approach compares well with available implementations such as the efficient random sample consensus–based approach proposed by Schnabel and co‐authors in 2007.
Decision Making in Cross‐Functional Teams: The Role of Decision Power*
Authors: Cui Zhijian 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThrough a series of game‐theoretical models, this study systematically examines decision making in cross‐functional teams. It provides a framework for the design of an organization‐specific decision‐making process and for the alignment of a team's microdecision with the “optimal” decision that maximizes the firm's payoff. This study finds that even without changing the team leader, firms could change and even dictate the team's microdecision outcome via adjusting the team member's seniority, empowering team members with veto power or involving a supervisor as a threat to overrule the team decision. This finding implies that to reposition products in the marketplace, structuring cross‐functional teams’ microdecision‐making processes is essential.
Strain Analysis in the Detection of Myocardial Infarction at the Acute and Chronic Stages
Authors: Bachner‐Hinenzon Noa , Malka Assaf , Barac Yaron , Meerkin David , Ertracht Offir , Carasso Shemy , Shofti Rona , Leitman Marina , Vered Zvi , Adam Dan , Binah Ofer 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundMyocardial ischemia causes contractile dysfunction in ischemic, stunned, and tethered regions with larger infarcted zones having a negative prognostic impact on patients' outcomes. To distinguish the infarcted myocardium from the other regions, we investigated the diagnostic potential of circumferential strain (CS) and radial strain (RS) during the acute and chronic stages of myocardial infarction.MethodsTen pigs underwent 90‐minute occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, followed by reperfusion. Echocardiography was performed at baseline, after 90‐minute occlusion, and at 2 hours, 30, and 60 days postreperfusion. CS and RS were measured using speckle tracking echocardiography. Subsequently, the pigs were sacrificed, and histological analysis for infarct size was performed.ResultsAfter 90‐minute occlusion, reduced strains were detected for all segments (infarcted anterior wall – baseline: CS: −17.6 ± 5.7%, RS: 54.4 ± 16.9%; 90 min: CS: −10.3 ± 3.0%, RS: 23.3 ± 7.0%; tethered posterior wall – baseline: CS: −18.4 ± 3.5%, RS: 68.7 ± 21.1%; 90 min: CS: −10.7 ± 6.4%, RS: 34.5 ± 14.7%, P < 0.001). However, postsystolic shortening was detected only in the infarcted segments, and the time‐to‐peak CS was 25% longer (P < 0.05). At 30 and 60 days postreperfusion, time‐to‐peak CS could only detect large scars in the anterior and anterior‐septum walls (P < 0.05), while peak CS also detected smaller scars in the lateral wall (P < 0.05). RS failed to distinguish between normal, stunned/tethered, and infarcted myocardium.ConclusionsDuring occlusion and 2 hours postreperfusion, time‐to‐peak CS could distinguish between infarcted and stunned/tethered myocardial segments, while at 30 and 60 days postreperfusion, peak CS was the best detector of infarction.
Facultative gregarious development in a solitary parasitoid wasp, Dendrocerus carpenteri: larvae may share nutritional resources
Authors: Mackauer M. , Chow A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSolitary parasitoids generally produce only one offspring per host. Dendrocerus carpenteri (Curtis) (Hymenoptera: Megaspilidae) develops as an idiobiont ectoparasitoid on prepupae and pupae of primary aphid parasitoids inside the mummified aphid host. Females normally deposit a single egg but superparasitize when suitable hosts are scarce. We show that facultative gregarious development may occur but is constrained by resource competition between larvae. The probability of more than one offspring surviving increased with the intensity of parasitism; an age difference of ≤9 h between older and younger first instars did not promote gregarious development. Two female parasitoids and, rarely, up to three male parasitoids could develop together. Average body size in terms of dry mass did not differ between singly developing females and the combined mass of two females sharing host resources, but the combined mass of gregarious males was greater than that of their singly developing counterparts. Females were 3× more likely to eclose from single than gregarious mummies. The amount of host resources available per larva declines with increasing clutch size, in turn causing a corresponding reduction of adult size and size‐dependent fitness attributes. We suggest that competition for limiting host supplies may influence the transition from solitary to gregarious development and should be considered in models of clutch size evolution in parasitoid wasps.
Photosynthetic responses of potato to Colorado potato beetle injury and differences in injury between adult males and females
Authors: Hoback William W. , de Freitas Bueno Adeney , Martinez Carlos A. , Higley Leon G. , Fernandes Odair A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEstablishing rates of injury to plants and the physiological impact of this injury provides essential data in the development of economic injury levels, but variation of sex effects is not often considered. Here, we examined injury by the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), larvae and adult males and females on potato, Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae). Specifically, we looked for adult sex differences between males and females in injury rates (= leaf consumption rates), and examined the impact of all types of injury (larval, adult male, and adult female) on gas exchange parameters of remaining potato leaf tissue. Experiments were conducted in the field and in growth chambers on Frito‐Lay proprietary and Pike chipping‐potato varieties at pre‐blooming and blooming stages. We found no change in photosynthetic rates on remaining (uninjured) leaf tissue infested with male, female, or fourth‐stage larva of Colorado potato beetle. However, when the midrib was cut in trials with male beetles, the remaining tissue above the injury exhibited photosynthetic rate reductions as a result of stomatal limitations. These findings are consistent with the pattern that we and other researchers have observed with gross tissue removal by various insects on other plant species. Adult females consumed more tissue than males, and temperature was positively correlated with feeding rates for both sexes. Sex‐related differences in feeding rate are most important to studies quantifying consumption rates for economically important species because of its potential impact on resulting economic injury level calculations.
Oviposition behaviour and larval development of Anastrepha fraterculus from Argentina in citrus
Authors: Ruiz M.J. , Juárez M.L. , Alzogaray R.A. , Arrighi F. , Arroyo L. , Gastaminza G. , Willink E. , Bardón A. , Vera M.T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCitrus peel physicochemical attributes are considered the main components conferring partial or even total resistance to fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) infestation. Fruit fly females adapt their ovipositional strategies to overcome such resistance. Here, we explored the effects of citrus species (Rutaceae) on the ovipositional behaviour of the South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), and on its immature development. Particularly, we investigated the effects of (1) citrus species on oviposition behaviour and immature development, (2) citrus species on oviposition preference and on the location of the eggs at different depth in the citrus peel, and (3) harvest season and post‐harvest storage time on oviposition behaviour and immature development in lemon. Citrus species influenced ovipositional behaviour and affected survival of immature stages. Females laid eggs in lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.], orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfadyen). In orange and lemon, larvae were found dead close to the oviposition areas, suggesting chemically mediated resistance mechanisms. Under choice conditions, females preferred grapefruit over lemon and bigger clutches were found in the layers where embryonic development is favoured. Unsuitability of lemon as a medium to complete development was neither affected by harvest season nor by storage time of the fruit after harvest. The physical and chemical characteristics of the peel were distinctive to each citrus species and may have affected the specific levels of resistance of these citrus species to infestation by A. fraterculus.
Depression‐like behaviour in mice is associated with disrupted circadian rhythms in nucleus accumbens and periaqueductal grey
Authors: Landgraf Dominic , Long Jaimie E. , Welsh David K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn association between circadian rhythms and mood regulation is well established, and disturbed circadian clocks are believed to contribute to the development of mood disorders, including major depressive disorder. The circadian system is coordinated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master pacemaker in the hypothalamus that receives light input from the retina and synchronizes circadian oscillators in other brain regions and peripheral tissues. Lacking the tight neuronal network that couples single‐cell oscillators in the SCN, circadian clocks outside the SCN may be less stable and more susceptible to disturbances, for example by clock gene mutations or uncontrollable stress. However, non‐SCN circadian clocks have not been studied extensively in rodent models of mood disorders. In the present study, it was hypothesized that disturbances of local circadian clocks in mood‐regulating brain areas are associated with depression‐like behaviour in mice. Using the learned helplessness procedure, depression‐like behaviour was evoked in mice bearing the PER2::LUC circadian reporter, and then circadian rhythms of PER2 expression were examined in brain slices from these mice using luminometry and bioluminescence imaging. It was found that helplessness is associated with absence of circadian rhythms in the nucleus accumbens and the periaqueductal grey, two of the most critical brain regions within the reward circuit. The current study provides evidence that susceptibility of mice to depression‐like behaviour is associated with disturbed local circadian clocks in a subset of mood‐regulating brain areas, but the direction of causality remains to be determined.
The effect of cation–anion interactions on soil pH and solubility of organic carbon
Authors: Tavakkoli E. , Rengasamy P. , Smith E. , McDonald G. K. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryAlkaline soil is widely distributed and cultivated throughout the agricultural regions of the world. Organic carbon (OC) concentrations in alkaline soil are often small, partly because of the limitations of a high pH on the productivity of crops and pastures together with the effects of high pH on the chemistry of soil OC. Soil pH is often hypothesized to be a major factor in regulating OC turnover in agricultural soil, but there are few detailed studies on the effects of high pH on carbon cycling in alkaline soil. Sodium, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ are the major cations in alkaline soil, whereas Cl−, , and are the major anions. The effect of different combinations of these cations and anions on soil pH and OC is not well described in the literature. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of cations and anions on soil pH and to quantify the dissolution of OC in relation to these changes in pH. The results showed that (Na+, K+ and Mg2+) salts and CaCO3 dominate in the pH range 7.0–8.5, and salts of Na+ and K+ dominate above pH 8.5. The amount of dissolved OC (DOC) increased significantly as pH increased. Therefore, the presence of large concentrations of and not only increased pH but also promoted the dissolution of soil OC. The concentration of Ca2+ modified this effect; large concentrations of Ca2+ increased the adsorption and reduced the concentration of DOC.
Three new species of the genus Caesarodispus (Acari: Microdispidae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a key to species
Authors: Rahiminejad Vahid , Hajiqanbar Hamidreza , Talebi Ali Asghar 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThree new species of the genus Caesarodispus (Acari: Heterostigmatina: Microdispidae) phoretic on ants are described from Iran: C. khaustovi Rahiminejad & Hajiqanbar sp. nov., C. pheidolei Rahiminejad & Hajiqanbar sp. nov. and C. nodijensis Rahiminejad & Hajiqanbar sp. nov. All species were associated with alate ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from northern Iran. A key to all species of Caesarodispus is provided.