bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food‐web patterns and diversity in tropical fish communities
Authors: Amarasinghe Upali S. , Vijverberg Jacobus , Weliange Wasantha S. , Vos Matthijs 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe food webs for three Sri Lankan reservoirs, Minneriya (ancient and shallow), Udawalawe (young and shallow) and Victoria (young and deep), were compared. The species richness of the fish communities was highest in Minneriya (30 species), intermediate in Udawalawe (21 species) and lowest in Victoria (18 species). The fish species belonged to 11 families, with Cyprinidae dominating the community in terms of both abundance and species richness. The daily quantity of food consumed per fish species was used to distinguish weak from strong trophic interactions in these food webs. The fish community consumption pattern was characterized by a few strong interactions and many weak ones. The number of major consumers (i.e. contributing >5% of the total fish community consumption) for each reservoir was small and similar for all three reservoirs. Dawkinsia singhala and Amblypharyngodon melettinus were the two major consumers in all three reservoir food webs. Puntius chola was a major consumer in Minneriya and Victoria, although not in Udawalawe, where it fed less on detritus than for the other two food webs. The fish community fed mainly at the bottom of the food web, primarily on algae, macrophytes and detritus in all three reservoirs, with very little piscivory occurring. The average food‐web length was measured as the mean trophic index weighted for the consumption rates of the various fish populations that together comprised the fish community. The average food‐web length in these three Sri Lankan reservoirs relatively short, compared with most other tropical lake/reservoir food webs in Asia and Africa for which relevant data were available. Furthermore, traditionally unexploited species (Oreochromis mossambicus; O. niloticus), in contrast to species of commercial fisheries interest, are major role players in the trophic dynamics of reservoir ecosystems. Thus, based on this study, the potential of their exploitation should be considered in the management of reservoir fisheries.
Transcriptomic and lipidomic profiles of glycerolipids during Arabidopsis flower development
Authors: Nakamura Yuki , Teo Norman Z. W. , Shui Guanghou , Chua Christine H. L. , Cheong Wei‐Fun , Parameswaran Sriram , Koizumi Ryota , Ohta Hiroyuki , Wenk Markus R. , Ito Toshiro 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Flower glycerolipids are the yet‐to‐be discovered frontier of the lipidome. Although ample evidence suggests important roles for glycerolipids in flower development, stage‐specific lipid profiling in tiny Arabidopsis flowers is challenging. Here, we utilized a transgenic system to synchronize flower development in Arabidopsis.

The transgenic plant PAP1::AP1‐GR ap1‐1 cal‐5 showed synchronized flower development upon dexamethasone treatment, which enabled massive harvesting of floral samples of homogenous developmental stages for glycerolipid profiling.

Glycerolipid profiling revealed a decrease in concentrations of phospholipids involved in signaling during the early development stages, such as phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol, and a marked increase in concentrations of nonphosphorous galactolipids during the late stage. Moreover, in the midstage, phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate concentration was increased transiently, which suggests the stimulation of the phosphoinositide metabolism. Accompanying transcriptomic profiling of relevant glycerolipid metabolic genes revealed simultaneous induction of multiple phosphoinositide biosynthetic genes associated with the increased phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate concentration, with a high degree of differential expression patterns for genes encoding other glycerolipid‐metabolic genes. The phosphatidic acid phosphatase mutant pah1 pah2 showed flower developmental defect, suggesting a role for phosphatidic acid in flower development.

Our concurrent profiling of glycerolipids and relevant metabolic gene expression revealed distinct metabolic pathways stimulated at different stages of flower development in Arabidopsis.
Strong extrinsic reproductive isolation between parapatric populations of an Australian groundsel
Authors: Melo Maria C. , Grealy Alicia , Brittain Beth , Walter Greg M. , Ortiz‐Barrientos Daniel 
Published: March 2014

SummarySpeciation with gene flow, or the evolution of reproductive isolation between interbreeding populations, remains a controversial problem in evolution. This is because gene flow erodes the adaptive differences that selection creates between populations.Here, we use a combination of common garden experiments in the field and in the glasshouse to investigate what ecological and genetic mechanisms prevent gene flow and maintain morphological and genetic differentiation between coastal parapatric populations of the Australian groundselSenecio lautus.We discovered that in each habitat extrinsic reproductive barriers prevented gene flow, whereas intrinsic barriers in F1hybrids were weak. In the field, herbivores played a major role in preventing gene flow, but glasshouse experiments demonstrated that soil type also created variable selective pressures both locally and on a greater geographic scale.Our experimental results demonstrate that interfertile plant populations adapting to contrasting environments may diverge as a consequence of concurrent natural selection acting against migrants and hybrids through multiple mechanisms. These results provide novel insights into the consequences of local adaptation in the origin of strong barriers to gene flow in plants, and suggest that herbivory may play an important role in the early stages of plant speciation.
The Hard Road to Presentism
Authors: Asay Jamin , Baron Sam 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIt is a common criticism of presentism – the view according to which only the present exists – that it errs against truthmaker theory. Recent attempts to resolve the truthmaker objection against presentism proceed byrestrictingtruthmaker maximalism (the view that all truths have truthmakers), maintaining that propositions concerning the past are not made true by anything, but are true nonetheless. Support for this view is typically garnered from the case for negative existential propositions, which some philosophers contend are exceptions to truthmaker maximalism. In this article, we argue that a ‘no truthmakers’ approach to the truthmaker objection is critically flawed.
Genome Sequence of a Presumptive Mannheimia haemolytica Strain with an A1/A6-Cross-Reactive Serotype from a White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Authors: Lawrence Paulraj K. , Bey Russell F. , Wiener Brittanny , Kittichotirat Weerayuth , Bumgarner Roger E. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Mannheimia haemolytica
is a Gram-negative bacterium and the principal etiological agent associated mostly with bovine respiratory disease complex. However, we report here the sequence of a strain with the novel A1/A6-cross-reactive serotype, strain PKL10, isolated from white-tailed deer. PKL10 was isolated from the spleen of farmed white-tailed deer showing clinical signs of pneumonia. The genome structure of PKL10 is dramatically different from that of previously sequenced isolates, which was demonstrated by genome alignments. In addition, the coding sequences in PKL10 share approximately 86% sequence identity with the coding sequences in other fully sequenced
M. haemolytica
strains. This suggests that PKL10 is a novel
Mannheimia
species.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.
lactis
Strain CECT 8145, Able To Improve Metabolic Syndrome
In Vivo
Authors: Chenoll E. , Codoñer F. M. , Silva A. , Martinez-Blanch J. F. , Martorell P. , Ramón D. , Genovés S. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Bifidobacterium animalis
subsp.
lactis
strain CECT 8145 is able to reduce body fat content and improve metabolic syndrome biomarkers. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this strain, which may provide insights into its safety status and functional role.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Antarctic Polyextremophile
Nesterenkonia
sp. Strain AN1
Authors: Aliyu Habibu , De Maayer Pieter , Rees Jasper , Tuffin Marla , Cowan Don A. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Nesterenkonia
sp. strain AN1 was isolated from Antarctic soil and is a polyextremophile, being tolerant of low temperatures, high salt concentrations, and high alkalinity. Here we report the draft genome sequence of this strain.
Genome Sequences of Rhinovirus C Isolates from Wisconsin Pediatric Respiratory Studies
Authors: Liggett Stephen B. , Bochkov Yury A. , Pappas Tressa , Lemanske Robert F. , Gern James E. , Sengamalay Naomi , Zhao Xuechu , Su Qi , Fraser Claire M. , Palmenberg Ann C. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Human rhinovirus (RV) isolates from the RV-C species are recently discovered infectious agents that are closely linked to asthma and wheezing etiologies in infants. Clinical study samples collected at the University of Wisconsin–Madison describe 41 nearly complete genome sequences representing 21 RV-C genotypes.
Complete Genome Sequence for the
Fusarium
Head Blight Antagonist Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain TrigoCor 1448
Authors: Nelson Beth A. , Ramaiya Preethi , Lopez de Leon Alfredo , Kumar Ravi , Crinklaw Austin , Jolkovsky Eliana , Crane Julia M. , Bergstrom Gary C. , Rey Michael W. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

We present the complete genome sequence for
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
TrigoCor 1448 (ATCC 202152), a bacterial biological control agent for
Fusarium
head blight in wheat. We compare it to its closest relative,
B. amyloliquefaciens
strain AS43.3.
Growth trajectories in the children of mothers with eating disorders: a longitudinal study
Authors: Easter Abigail , Howe Laura D , Tilling Kate , Schmidt Ulrike , Treasure Janet , Micali Nadia 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine longitudinal patterns of growth trajectories in children of women with eating disorders (ED): anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN).DesignProspective longitudinal birth cohort; Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).SettingSouth West England, UK.ParticipantsThe sample consisted of women and their children (n=10 190) from ALSPAC. Patterns of growth among children of women reporting a history of AN (n=137), BN (n=165), both AN and BN (n=68) and other psychiatric disorders (n=920) were compared with an unexposed group of children (n=8900).Main outcome measuresHeight and weight data, from birth to 10 years, were extracted from health visitor records, parental report from questionnaires and clinic attendances. Growth trajectories were analysed using mixed-effects models and constructed separately for male and female children.ResultsBetween birth and 10 years, male children of women with BN were taller than children in the unexposed group. Male children of women with a history of AN and BN, and female children of women with AN, were shorter throughout childhood. Between the ages of 2 and 5, higher body mass index (BMI) was observed in male children in all maternal ED groups. Conversely, female children of women with AN had a BMI of −0.35 kg/m2lower at 2 years compared with the unexposed group, with catch-up by age 10.ConclusionsEarly childhood growth has been found to predict weight gain in adolescence and adulthood, and may be a risk factor for the development of an ED. These findings therefore have public health implications in relation to the prevention of weight-related and eating-related disorders later in life.
MRI in rheumatoid arthritis: a useful tool for the clinician?
Authors: McQueen Fiona M 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Over the last two decades, MRI has emerged as an important clinical tool to assist in the diagnosis and management of rheumatic disease. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), MRI has improved our understanding of the pathological basis of disease and has provided new information about imaging features that reflect joint inflammation and damage. Using MRI, we can now directly observe inflammation involving the synovial membrane and tenosynovium, plus joint damage including bone erosion and cartilage thinning. Inflammation of bone beneath the joint (osteitis) appears as bone oedema which is a feature unique to MRI and yields important diagnostic and prognostic information in patients with inflammatory arthritis. With the introduction of biologics to rheumatology clinical practice, sensitive tools are required to monitor disease activity and progression, so that the disease suppressing effect of these new agents can be measured. MRI fits the bill for this role as it can inform the clinician about the development of bone erosions well before plain radiography, and its ability to reveal cartilage damage is emerging. The use of MRI as a marker of outcome in clinical trials is being paralleled by its increasing role in the clinic. Both extremity and high field MRI have clinical applications in RA and need to be considered along with other advanced imaging techniques as useful tools to add to the clinician’s armamentarium. This review will summarise recent advances in this field and will apply current knowledge to specific clinical scenarios relevant to modern rheumatology practice.
Life‐long diseases need life‐long treatment: long‐term safety of ciclosporin in canine atopic dermatitis
Authors: Nuttall Tim , Reece Douglas , Roberts Elizabeth 
Published: March 2014

Ciclosporin (Atopica; Novartis Animal Health) has been licensed for canine atopic dermatitis (AD) since 2002. Adverse events (AEs) have been reported in 55 per cent of 759 dogs in 15 clinical trials, but are rare in pharmacovigilance data (71.81 AEs/million capsules sold). Gastrointestinal reactions were most common, but were mild and rarely required intervention. Other AEs were rare (≤1 per cent in clinical trials; <10/million capsules sold). Hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia and hyperplastic dermatitis were rarely significant and resolved on dose reduction. Ciclosporin decreases staphylococcal andMalasseziainfections in AD, and at the recommended dose is not a risk factor for other infections, neoplasia, renal failure or hypertension. The impact on glucose and calcium metabolism is not clinically significant for normal dogs. Concomitant treatment with most drugs is safe. Effects on cytochrome P450 and MDR1 P‐glycoprotein activity may elevate plasma ciclosporin concentrations, but short‐term changes are not clinically significant. Monitoring of complete blood counts, urinalysis or ciclosporin levels is not justified except with higher than recommended doses and/or long‐term concurrent immunosuppressive drugs. Ciclosporin is not a contraindication for killed (including rabies) vaccines, but the licensed recommendation is that live vaccination is avoided during treatment. In conclusion, ciclosporin has a positive risk‐benefit profile for the long‐term management of canine AD.
Analysis of Distributed Token Circulation Algorithm with Faulty Random Number Generator
Authors: Kawai Shinji , Ooshita Fukuhito , Kakugawa Hirotsugu , Masuzawa Toshimitsu 
Published: March 2014

Randomization is a technique to improve efficiency and computability of distributed computing. In this paper, we investigate fault tolerance of distributed computing against faults of random number generators. We introduce an RNG (Random Number Generator)-fault as a new class of faults; a random number generator on an RNG-faulty process outputs the same number deterministically. This paper is the first work that considers faults of randomness in distributed computing. We investigate the role of randomization by observing the impact of RNG-faults on performance of a self-stabilizing token circulation algorithm on unidirectional n-node ring networks. In the analysis, we assume there exist nf (0 ≤ nf ≤ n−1) RNG-faulty nodes and each RNG-faulty node always transfers a token to the next node. Our results are threefold: (1) We derive the upper bound on the expected convergence time in the case of nf = n − 1. (2) Our simulation result shows that the expected convergence time is maximum when nf = n − 1. (3) We derive the expected token circulation time for each nf (0 ≤ nf ≤ n − 1).
Interleukin-17A Modulates Circulating Tumor Cells in Tumor Draining Vein of Colorectal Cancers and Affects Metastases
Authors: Tseng Ju-Yu , Yang Chih-Yung , Liang Shu-Ching , Liu Ren-Shyan , Yang Shung-Haur , Lin Jen-Kou , Chen Yuh-Min , Wu Yu-Chung , Jiang Jeng-Kai , Lin Chi-Hung 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Metastasis is the major cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Circulating tumor cells (CTC) are believed to cause metastasis and serve as a prognostic marker for mortality in clinical stage IV patients. However, most studies are conducted in late-stage cases when distant metastases have already occurred; thus, such results provide limited clinical use. This study focused on whether CTCs can predict the risk of metastasis after treatment of the primary tumor in early-stage patients with CRC.
Experimental Design: CTCs were quantified using EpCAM-positive/CD45-negative immunoselection and flow cytometry in patients with CRC. A mouse model was used to investigate the mechanistic roles of CTCs and interleukin (IL)-17A in metastasis.
Results: The number of mesenteric CTCs obtained from stage II patients was higher than that obtained from patients in stages I, III, and IV. In addition, following invasion of orthotopically implanted tumors in our mouse model, we found that CTCs exhibited an increase-then-decrease pattern, accompanied by corresponding changes in serum IL-17A levels and opposing changes in serum granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) levels. Ablation of IL-17A and administration of rGM-CSF effectively suppressed the increase in CTCs and prevented metastasis in mice. Moreover, IL-17A promoted cancer cell motility, matrix digestion, and angiogenesis, whereas GM-CSF stimulated the elimination of CTCs by boosting host immunity. Notably, serum levels of IL-17A were also correlated with disease-free survival in patients with CRC.
Conclusions: Our results showed that CTCs and IL-17A could serve as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for CRC metastasis. Clin Cancer Res; 20(11); 2885–97. ©2014 AACR.
Comparative Genome-Wide Association Studies in Mice and Humans for Trimethylamine
N
-Oxide, a Proatherogenic Metabolite of Choline and
l
-Carnitine
Authors: Hartiala Jaana , Bennett Brian J. , Tang W.H. Wilson , Wang Zeneng , Stewart Alexandre F.R. , Roberts Robert , McPherson Ruth , Lusis Aldons J. , Hazen Stanley L. , Allayee Hooman 
Published: March 2014

Objective—

Elevated levels of plasma trimethylamine
N
-oxide (TMAO), the product of gut microbiome and hepatic-mediated metabolism of dietary choline and
l
-carnitine, have recently been identified as a novel risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis in mice and humans. The goal of this study was to identify the genetic factors associated with plasma TMAO levels.

Approach and Results—

We used comparative genome-wide association study approaches to discover loci for plasma TMAO levels in mice and humans. A genome-wide association study in the hybrid mouse diversity panel identified a locus for TMAO levels on chromosome 3 (
P
=2.37×10
−6
) that colocalized with a highly significant (
P
=1.07×10
−20
)
cis
-expression quantitative trait locus for solute carrier family 30 member 7. This zinc transporter could thus represent 1 positional candidate gene responsible for the association signal at this locus in mice. A genome-wide association study for plasma TMAO levels in 1973 humans identified 2 loci with suggestive evidence of association (
P
=3.0×10
−7
) on chromosomes 1q23.3 and 2p12. However, genotyping of the lead variants at these loci in 1892 additional subjects failed to replicate their association with plasma TMAO levels.

Conclusions—
The results of these limited observational studies indicate that, at least in humans, genes play a marginal role in determining TMAO levels and that any genetic effects are relatively weak and complex. Variation in diet or the repertoire of gut microbiota may be more important determinants of plasma TMAO levels in mice and humans, which should be investigated in future studies.
Mannose-Binding Lectin Promotes Local Microvascular Thrombosis After Transient Brain Ischemia in Mice
Authors: de la Rosa Xavier , Cervera Alvaro , Kristoffersen Anna K. , Valdés Claudia P. , Varma Hari M. , Justicia Carles , Durduran Turgut , Chamorro Ángel , Planas Anna M. 
Published: March 2014

Background and Purpose—
Several lines of evidence support the involvement of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in stroke brain damage. The lectin pathway of the complement system facilitates thrombin activation and clot formation under certain experimental conditions. In the present study, we examine whether MBL promotes thrombosis after ischemia/reperfusion and influences the course and prognosis of ischemic stroke.

Methods—
Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion was performed in MBL-deficient (n=85) and wild-type (WT; n=83) mice, and the brain lesion was assessed by MRI at days 1 and 7. Relative cerebral blood flow was monitored up to 6 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion with laser speckle contrast imaging. Fibrin(ogen) was analyzed in the brain vasculature and plasma, and the effects of thrombin inhibitor argatroban were evaluated to assess the role of MBL in thrombin activation.

Results—
Infarct volumes and neurological deficits were smaller in MBL knockout mice than in WT mice. Relative cerebral blood flow values during middle cerebral artery occlusion and at reperfusion were similar in both groups, but decreased during the next 6 hours in the WT group only. Also, the WT mice showed more fibrin(ogen) in brain vessels and a better outcome after argatroban treatment. In contrast, argatroban did not improve the outcome in MBL knockout mice.

Conclusions—
MBL promotes brain damage and functional impairment after brain ischemia/reperfusion in mice. These effects are secondary to intravascular thrombosis and impaired relative cerebral blood flow during reperfusion. Argatroban protects WT mice, but not MBL knockout mice, emphasizing a role of MBL in local thrombus formation in acute ischemia/reperfusion.
Temporal Externalism: A Taxonomy, an Articulation, and a Defence
Authors: Tanesini Alessandra 
Published: March 2014

AbstractI argue that the semantic content of thoughts and the linguistic meaning of expressions are things with a history in the sense that they can be made fully intelligible only from the point of view of the future. I defend this position by articulating a version of a view known in the philosophy of language as temporal externalism. Temporal externalism about content is the view that the content of a subject’s thoughts and utterances at a timetdepends on features of the linguistic practices of her community aftert. There are two different ways in which temporal externalism can be developed. First, one can take it to be the view according to which the meaning of an expression is given by the whole pattern of use, including future ones, of that expression. Alternatively, one can interpret temporal externalism as the view that the meaning of a speaker’s utterance is determined by the norms that govern or constrain her linguistic behaviour. These norms, which may be instituted at a later date, place their authoritative stamp upon prior conduct. I show that the first version of temporal externalism faces severe objections from which the second version is immune. I also provide a defence of this second position through an extensive discussion of some thought experiments.