bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Killing The GCH Everywhere with a Single Real
Authors: Friedman Sy-David , Golshani Mohammad 
Published: January 2014

AbstractShelah-Woodin [10] investigate the possibility of violating instances of GCH through the addition of a single real. In particular they show that it is possible to obtain a failure of CH by adding a single real to a model of GCH, preserving cofinalities. In this article we strengthen their result by showing that it is possible to violate GCH at all infinite cardinals by adding a single real to a model of GCH. Our assumption is the existence of an H(κ+3)-strong cardinal; by work of Gitik and Mitchell [6] it is known that more than an H(κ++)-strong cardinal is required.
Principles Weaker than BD-N
Authors: Lubarsky Robert S. , Diener Hannes 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBD-N is a weak principle of constructive analysis. Several interesting principles implied by BD-N have already been identified, namely the closure of the anti-Specker spaces under product, the Riemann Permutation Theorem, and the Cauchyness of all partially Cauchy sequences. Here these are shown to be strictly weaker than BD-N, yet not provable in set theory alone under constructive logic.
Measures Induced by Units
Authors: Panti Giovanni , Ravotti Davide 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe half-open real unit interval (0,1] is closed under the ordinary multiplication and its residuum. The corresponding infinite-valued propositional logic has as its equivalent algebraic semantics the equational class of cancellative hoops. Fixing a strong unit in a cancellative hoop—equivalently, in the enveloping lattice-ordered abelian group—amounts to fixing a gauge scale for falsity. In this paper we show that any strong unit in a finitely presented cancellative hoopHinduces naturally (i.e., in a representation-independent way) an automorphism-invariant positive normalized linear functional onH. SinceHis representable as a uniformly dense set of continuous functions on its maximal spectrum, such functionals—in this context usually called states—amount to automorphism-invariant finite Borel measures on the spectrum. Different choices for the unit may be algebraically unrelated (e.g., they may lie in different orbits under the automorphism group ofH), but our second main result shows that the corresponding measures are always absolutely continuous w.r.t. each other, and provides an explicit expression for the reciprocal density.
Low Level Nondelegability Results: Domination and Recursive Enumeration
Authors: Cai Mingzhong , Shore Richard A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe study low level nondefinability in the Turing degrees. We prove a variety of results, including, for example, that being array nonrecursive is not definable by a Σ1 or Π1 formula in the language (≤, REA) where REA stands for the “r.e. in and above” predicate. In contrast, this property is definable by a Π2 formula in this language. We also show that the Σ1-theory of (, ≤, REA) is decidable.
Social Contexts of New Media Literacy: Mapping Libraries
Authors: Thorne Wallington Elizabeth 
Published: January 2014

The development and diffusion of new media and digital technologies has profoundly affected the literacy experiences of today’s youth. Young people today develop literacy through a variety of new media and digital technologies (Ito et al, 2009). The dissemination of these resources has also allowed for youth to have literacy-rich experiences in an array of different settings. This paper will explore how mapping and geographic information systems (GIS) can help illuminate the cultural and social factors related to how, and where, students access and use new media literacies and digital technology. Libraries play an important role in encouraging new media literacy development; yet access to libraries must be understood through social and cultural contexts.
Le tourisme sénégalais à la recherche d’une nouvelle identité
Authors: Diombéra Mamadou 
Published: January 2014

Le secteur du tourisme au Sénégal s’est imposé comme le véritable moteur de l’économie, au second rang après la pêche. Développé aussitôt après les indépendances, le tourisme international et essentiellement balnéaire, appréhendé comme un facteur de développement, n’a cessé de croître. Les arrivées massives de touristes, notamment de type tout inclus, ont quasiment quadruplé de 1960 à 2000. Les transactions touristiques ont atteint, durant la même période, près de 10 % de la valeur globale du commerce extérieur du pays. Malheureusement, ces dernières années, la destination est fortement concurrencée et son image, stigmatisée par la mauvaise réputation de la station balnéaire de Saly Portudal. Face à une telle situation qui devient de plus en plus exécrable, les autorités sénégalaises tentent éperdument, depuis bientôt une décennie, de trouver des éléments de réponse à la lancinante problématique du tourisme de masse par la diversification de l’offre à travers la mise en place de nouvelles formes alternatives de tourisme.
Le rôle des informations touristiques dans la médiatisation du territoire de visite
Authors: Simon Gwendal 
Published: January 2014

Les représentations catégorisent aisément le tourisme de groupe comme une expérience « institutionnalisée » référant à un tourisme de masse où les pratiques seraient à la fois encadrées et largement dirigées vers les objets et des services identifiés comme touristiques. Ainsi, la voie serait ouverte pour une expérience peu authentique. La compacité et l’univocité de tels voyages sont aujourd’hui très affaiblies par la différenciation croissante des offres proposées et la prise en compte de la capacité réflexive des touristes au cours de leur voyage. Celle-ci se révèle inégale selon l’acculturation au territoire de visite. C’est l’hypothèse principale de cet article qui, à travers l’exemple de la diffusion des informations opérées par un voyagiste à Paris et de leur réception par les touristes étrangers, souligne combien la médiatisation d’un territoire dans le cadre d’un voyagiste résulte d’une coconstruction entre les professionnels du voyage et des touristes eux-mêmes.
Le concept de cluster est-il soluble dans le tourisme ?
Authors: Clergeau Cécile , Violier Philippe 
Published: January 2014

Dans les approches scientifiques, le concept de cluster (grappe) met en évidence, d’une part, le rôle des proximités organisationnelles, construites à partir des proximités spatiales dans la dynamique de compétitivité des destinations touristiques. D’autre part, des clusters tourisme se développent partout dans le monde. Or, le concept de cluster, tel que proposé par Porter (1998), émane de l’économie industrielle.
L’enjeu de cet article consiste donc à montrer que le simple transfert d’un outil scientifique élaboré dans le contexte industriel au management des destinations touristiques pose problème. Il doit être enrichi pour comprendre les dynamiques de développement touristique local et acquérir plus d’efficacité opérationnelle. Trois axes de réflexion théorique, mais inspirés par des études de cas rencontrées dans différents travaux de recherche, sont proposés pour interroger les analyses des clusters tourisme. Il convient en effet de prendre en compte trois dimensions spécifiques qui seront abordées à partir du processus de coproduction inhérent à l’activité touristique, des dynamiques de proximités singulières dans ce champ du tourisme et des caractéristiques de l’encastrement des activités touristiques dans le territoire. Enfin, les auteurs proposent un modèle de cluster plus adapté aux destinations touristiques.
Purification of Radiolabeled RNA Products Using Denaturing Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Adachi Hironori , Yu Yi‐Tao 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis unit discusses a basic method for purification of radiolabeled RNAs using denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The method consists of a number of experimental procedures, including total RNA preparation from yeast cells, isolation of a specific RNA from total yeast RNA, RNA 3′‐terminal labeling using nucleotide (5′ [32P]pCp) addition (via ligation), denaturing (8 M urea) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and RNA extraction from the gel slice. Key points for achieving good electrophoretic separation of RNA are also discussed. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 105:4.20.1‐4.20.13. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transmission line model for the near‐instantaneous transmission of the ionospheric electric field and currents to the equator
Authors: Kikuchi Takashi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe simultaneous onset of the preliminary impulse (PI) of the geomagnetic sudden commencement at high latitude and dayside dip equator is explained by means of the TM0 mode waves propagating at the speed of light in the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide (EIW) [Kikuchi et al., 1978]. A couple of issues remain to be addressed in the EIW model: (1) How is the TM0 mode wave excited by the field‐aligned currents (FACs) in the polar region? (2) How are the quasi‐steady ionospheric currents achieved by the TM0 mode waves? (3) How simultaneous or delayed are the onset and peak of the equatorial PI with respect to the high‐latitude PI? To address these issues, we examine the TEM (TM0) mode wave propagation in the finite‐length transmission lines replacing the pair of FACs (magnetosphere‐ionosphere (MI) transmission line) and the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide (ionosphere‐ground (IG) transmission line). The issue (1) is addressed by showing that a fraction of the TEM mode wave is transmitted from the MI to IG transmission lines through the polar ionosphere. To address the issues (2) and (3), we examine the properties of the finite‐length IG transmission line with finite ionospheric conductivity. It is shown that the ionospheric currents start to grow instantaneously and continue to grow gradually with time constants of 1–10 s depending on the ionospheric conductivity. The MIG transmission line enables us to explain the instantaneous onset and delayed peak time of the equatorial PI and quick electric field response of the low‐latitude ionosphere and inner magnetosphere.
Bildungsroman Series: Architectural Daring for the 21st Century
Authors: Slavinsky Dan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEmerging artist and architect Dan Slavinsky created this Bildungsroman series of drawings as a coming‐of‐age novel in graphic form; with each pair of drawings covering a particular aspect of his own personal journey to become an architect. Here he describes his predicament, as a young architect, to find a means to challenge and innovate at a time when everything seems to have been tried, and artistic flair is all too often compromised.
The role of virtual photons in nanoscale photonics
Authors: Andrews David L. , Bradshaw David S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe fundamental theory of processes and properties associated with nanoscale photonics should properly account for the quantum nature of both the matter and the radiation field. A familiar example is the Casimir force, whose significant role in nanoelectromechanical systems is widely recognised; the correct representation invokes the creation of short‐lived virtual photons from the vacuum. In fact, there is an extensive range of nanophotonic interactions in which virtual photon exchange plays a vital role, mediating the coupling between particles. This review surveys recent theory and applications, also exhibiting novel insights into key electrodynamic mechanisms. Examples are numerous and include: laser‐induced inter‐particle forces known as optical binding; non‐parametric frequency‐conversion processes especially in rare‐earth doped materials; light‐harvesting polymer materials that involve electronic energy transfer between their constituent chromophores. An assessment of these and the latest prospective applications concludes with a view on future directions of research.
In vitro screening of Fe2+‐chelating effect by a Fenton's reaction–luminol chemiluminescence system
Authors: Wada Mitsuhiro , Komatsu Hiroaki , Ikeda Rie , Aburjai Talal A. , Alkhalil Suleiman M. , Kuroda Naotaka , Nakashima Kenichiro 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIn vitro screening of a Fe2+‐chelating effect using a Fenton's reaction–luminol chemiluminescence (CL) system is described. The luminescence between the reactive oxygen species generated by the Fenton's reaction and luminol was decreased on capturing Fe2+ using a chelator. The proposed method can prevent the consumption of expensive seed compounds (drug discovery candidates) owing to the high sensitivity of CL detection. Therefore, the assay could be performed using small volumes of sample solution (150 μL) at micromolar concentrations. After optimization of the screening conditions, the efficacies of conventional chelators such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylentriaminepentaacetic acid (DETAPAC), deferoxamine, deferiprone and 1,10‐phenanthroline were examined. EC50 values for these compounds (except 1,10‐phenanthroline) were in the range 3.20 ± 0.87 to 9.57 ± 0.64 μM (n = 3). Rapid measurement of the Fe2+‐chelating effect with an assay run time of a few minutes could be achieved using the proposed method. In addition, the specificity of the method was discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility and efficacy of the 2.5 L and 3.8 L impella percutaneous left ventricular support device during high‐risk, percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Spiro Jon , Venugopal Vinod , Raja Yogesh , Ludman Peter F. , Townend Jonathan N. , Doshi Sagar N. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveAssessment of the feasibility and outcomes of the 2.5 L and 3.8 L Impella cardiac pump in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and left ventricular impairment undergoing percutaneous revascularization (PCI) with or without balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV).MethodsWe reviewed the clinical and procedural findings from a consecutive series of unselected patients with severe AS who underwent PCI during Impella support. In addition, we describe novel “balloon‐assist” techniques that allowed implantation of Impella into the left ventricle (LV) when initial unassisted attempts failed.ResultsFive patients with severe AS were identified (four males, age 78.2 years, aortic valve area (AVA) 0.6 cm2, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 24 ± 5%, mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) mortality 11% (range 3–17%)). The Impella catheter traversed the aortic valve (AV) unassisted in only one patient, with four cases requiring balloon‐assist techniques. All patients underwent planned revascularisation; mean procedure time 177 min (range 135–252 min), mean number of stents 3.4 (range 1–8), with three patients requiring rotational atherectomy. All procedures were well tolerated, with absence of arrhythmia, hypotension, pulmonary edema, stroke, or myocardial infarction. One patient died 48 hr post‐PCI of multi‐organ failure. The four remaining patients were well at 30 days.ConclusionImplantation of the 2.5 and 3.8 L Impella appears feasible in patients with severe AS and left ventricle (LV) impairment. A balloon‐assist technique may be used to facilitate device implantation when initial unassisted attempts fail. Improved hemodynamic stability may enhance the tolerability of lengthy and complex procedures. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Single center TAVR experience with a focus on the prevention and management of catastrophic complications
Authors: Kapadia Samir R. , Svensson Lars G. , Roselli Eric , Schoenhagen Paul , Popovic Zoran , Alfirevic Andrej , Barzilai Benico , Krishnaswamy Amar , Stewart William , Mehta Anand , lal Poddar Kanhaiya , Parashar Akhil , Modi Dhruv , Ozkan Alper , Khot Umesh , Lytle Bruce W. , Murat Tuzcu E. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an important treatment option for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) who are inoperable or at high risk for complications with surgical aortic valve replacement. We report here our single‐center data on consecutive patients undergoing transfemoral (TF) TAVR since the inception of our program, with a special focus on minimizing and managing complications.MethodsThe patient population consists of all consecutive patients who underwent an attempted TF‐TAVR at our institution, beginning with the first proctored case in May 2006, through December 2012. Clinical, procedural, and echocardiographic data were collected by chart review and echo database query. All events are reported according to Valve Academic Research Consortium‐2.ResultsDuring the study period, 255 patients with AS had attempted TF‐TAVR. The procedure was successful in 244 (95.7%) patients. Serious complications including aortic annular rupture (n = 2), coronary occlusion (n = 2), iliac artery rupture (n = 1), and ventricular embolization (n = 1) were successfully managed. Death and stroke rate at 30 days was 0.4% and 1.6%, respectively. One‐year follow‐up was complete in 171 (76%) patients. One‐year mortality was 17.5% with a 3.5% stroke rate. Descending aortic rupture, while advancing the valve, was the only fatal procedural event. There were 24.4% patients with ≥2+ aortic regurgitation.ConclusionsTAVR can be accomplished with excellent safety in a tertiary center with a well‐developed infrastructure for the management of serious complications. The data presented here provide support for TAVR as an important treatment option, and results from randomized trials of patients with lower surgical risk are eagerly awaited. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Presence of sigma shaped right coronary artery is an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with inferior myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Güngör Barış , Alper Ahmet Taha , Özcan Kazım Serhan , Ekmekçi Ahmet , Karadeniz Fatma Özpamuk , Mutluer Ferit Onur , Kaya Adnan , Karataş Baran , Osmonov Damirbek , Bolca Osman 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThe effectiveness of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is well established. The clinical variables associated with poor prognosis in patients with STEMI have been extensively investigated. Right coronary artery (RCA) has two anatomical variations detected on coronary angiography namely C‐shaped and sigma shaped RCA. The clinical importance of the shape of RCA in patients with STEMI has not been investigated before.PurposeTo investigate the prognostic value of RCA shape in patients with inferior STEMI treated with primary PCI.MethodsAngiographic data of patients with inferior STEMI who were treated with primary PCI were retrospectively recruited. The differentiation of sigma and C‐shaped RCAs was shown using single‐frame angiograms, obtained during end‐diastole of cardiac cycle in the left anterior oblique projection at 25° to 35° with no cranio‐caudal angulation. Cardiovascular events at 30‐days and on follow up were obtained through review of hospital records and telephone contact with the patient or the patient's relatives. Patients with C‐shaped RCAs served as the control group.ResultsA total number of 824 patients with inferior STEMI who were treated with primary PCI for RCA were included. Sigma shaped RCA was observed in 15.1% of the subjects. In the sigma shaped RCA group, the door‐to‐balloon times were longer (32.5 ± 5.1 vs. 27.8 ± 4.6 min; P = 0.01) and TIMI 3 flow restoration rates were lower (76.8% vs. 94.1%; p=0.01) compared to the controls. Mean SYNTAX scores were significantly higher in patients with sigma shaped RCA. Four patients (3.2%) in the sigma shaped RCA group and 23 patients (3.3%) in the control group died by day 30. The incidence of stent thrombosis, recurrent MI, and target lesion revascularization, were similar between the groups. During the follow‐up (mean 37.6 ± 13.4 months) 15 patients (12.3%) from the sigma shaped RCA group and 28 (4.1%) patients from the control group died (P = 0.01). The incidence of recurrent MI (27.2% vs. 13.7%; P = 0.01) and major adverse cardiovascular events (29.7% vs. 16.3%; P = 0.01) were significantly higher in the sigma shaped RCA group. In multivariate analysis, age, Killip class of >1, the presence of sigma shaped RCA, post PCI TIMI flow <3 and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction were the independent predictors of long term mortality.ConclusionPresence of sigma shaped RCA is associated with more severe form of coronary artery disease and worse clinical outcome in patients with inferior STEMI. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Blood loss and transfusion rates associated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Recommendations for patients who refuse blood transfusion
Authors: Binder Ronald K. , Barbanti Marco , Ye Jian , Toggweiler Stefan , Tan John , Freeman Melanie , Cheung Anson , Wood David A. , Webb John G. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is less invasive than surgical aortic valve replacement and may be preferred for patients who refuse blood transfusions.ObjectivesOur study sought to define transfusion rates in TAVR, identify predictors and develop recommendations for patients who refuse transfusions.MethodsA large cohort of consecutive patients undergoing TAVR was prospectively studied. Blood loss and transfusion rates were observed in patients undergoing transfemoral (TF‐TAVR) and transapical TAVR (TA‐TAVR). Predictors for transfusion were investigated in a multivariate model.ResultsOf 373 consecutive patients, 270 underwent TF‐TAVR and 103 TA‐TAVR. Transfusion rates were significantly lower in TF‐TAVR than TA‐TAVR (11.1 vs 41.7%; P < 0.001). In patients who did not receive transfusions, blood loss was significantly lower in TF‐TAVR than TA‐TAVR (23.6 ± 12.2 g/l vs 28.9 ± 13.7 g/l; P = 0.004), but did not differ in transfused patients (36.9 ± 12.9 g/l vs 33.4 ± 21.2 g/l; P = 0.428). Predictors for transfusions were low baseline hemoglobin, female sex, low body weight and decreased renal function. In seven Jehovah's Witness patients, who refused transfusions, no vascular complications occurred and clinical outcome was excellent.ConclusionIn patients, who refuse transfusions, TAVR may be performed with good clinical outcomes provided a high baseline hemoglobin level, careful management of the access site and strict measurements to reduce blood loss. TF‐TAVR is associated with less blood loss and a lower rate of transfusions than TA‐TAVR, and may be the preferred option for patients, who refuse transfusions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.