bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age Differences in the Use of Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillators Among Older Patients Hospitalized with Heart Failure
Authors: HESS PAUL L. , GRAU‐SEPULVEDA MARIA V. , HERNANDEZ ADRIAN F. , PETERSON ERIC D. , BHATT DEEPAK L. , SCHWAMM LEE H. , YANCY CLYDE W. , FONAROW GREGG C. , AL‐KHATIB SANA M. ,   for the Get with The Guidelines Steering Committee and Hospitals
Published: January 2013

Age and ICD Use Among Older HF PatientsIntroductionPractice guidelines recommend the use of ICDs in patients with heart failure (HF) and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≤ 35% in the absence of contraindications.Methods and ResultsWe performed an analysis of ICD use among patients admitted with HF with LVEF of ≤ 35% and discharged alive from 251 hospitals participating in the American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines‐HF Program between January 2005 and September 2011. Among 35,772 guideline‐eligible patients, 17,639 received an ICD prior to hospitalization (10,886), during hospitalization (4,876), or were discharged with plans to undergo ICD placement after hospitalization (1,877). After adjustment, increasing age was associated with lower ICD use (odds ratio [OR] 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–0.91 per 5‐year increase in age, P  <  0.0001). Compared with patient age < 55 years, older age groups ≥ 65 years were less likely to receive an ICD (P  <  0.003). Compared with men in the same age group, women were significantly less likely to receive an ICD; this difference was more marked with increasing age (P value for interaction = 0.006). There was a temporal increase in ICD use (adjusted OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.15–1.31 of ICD use per year) that was similar in each age group (P value for interaction = 0.665).ConclusionsEligible older HF patients age ≥ 65 years were significantly less likely to receive an ICD. With increasing age, women were less likely to receive an ICD than men. ICD use significantly increased over time in all age groups; however, age‐related differences in ICD use persisted.
Elevated T‐Wave Alternans Predicts Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia in Association with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Patients
Authors: VERRIER RICHARD L. , NEARING BRUCE D. , GHANEM RAJA N. , OLSON RACHEL E. , GARBERICH ROSS F. , KATSIYIANNIS WILLIAM T. , GORNICK CHARLES C. , TANG CHUEN Y. , HENRY TIMOTHY D. 
Published: January 2013

TWA and Arrhythmias in STEMI After PCI IntroductionSuccessful reperfusion with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can paradoxically elicit temporary vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmia. We examined whether T‐wave alternans (TWA) level is correlated with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) incidence in association with PCI in patients with acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods and ResultsWe analyzed continuous 24‐hour ambulatory electrocardiograms in 48 STEMI patients during and after successful primary PCI, achieving Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow. TWA was measured using modified moving average method. Maximum TWA was elevated in patients with (N = 22) compared to without (N = 26) NSVT (75.1 ± 6.3 vs 49.9 ± 3.6 μV, P < 0.005) during the 22‐hour monitoring period. TWA ≥ 60μV predicted NSVT with sensitivity of 77%; specificity, 73%; positive predictive value, 71%; and negative predictive value, 79%. Area under receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.87 for maximum TWA in predicting NSVT. By comparison, ST‐segment levels did not differ in patients with versus without NSVT and were not predictive (AUC = 0.52). TWA was elevated prior to PCI and remained elevated at 30 minutes after balloon inflation despite restoration of TIMI grade 3 flow in all patients, declining by 22 hours (P < 0.05). Maximum ST‐segment levels decreased from before PCI to 30 minutes after balloon inflation. TWA is regionally specific, with higher values prior to PCI in precordial lead V5 than in V1 for left coronary lesions.ConclusionsTWA may be useful in identifying individuals at heightened risk for arrhythmia in association with primary PCI and can potentially signal time‐dependent changes in arrhythmia vulnerability.
Comparison of laboratory and field bioassays of laboratory‐reared Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) quality and field performance
Authors: Carpenter J. E. , Blomefield T. , Hight S. D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMaximum production and fitness of insect species that are mass‐reared for biological control programmes such as the sterile insect technique (SIT) have benefitted from the employment of quality control and quality management. With a growing interest in the use of SIT as a tactic for the suppression/eradication of key lepidopteran pests, such as the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), there is a parallel interest in inexpensive bioassays that can accurately detect differences in insect quality and monitor insect field performance. In this study, we examined laboratory (mating and flight ability) bioassays and field (field cage and open field release) bioassays simultaneously to discern the ability of the different bioassays to predict quality and field performance of codling moths produced in a commercial mass‐rearing facility. Moth quality was degraded by different levels of radiation during the sterilization procedure. Both the laboratory flight bioassay and the field cage bioassay successfully detected quality and performance differences that were relevant to moth performance in the field. However, the study data suggest that the field cage bioassay was a better predictor of the daily performance of males that had been released in the orchard than the laboratory flight bioassay. Conversely, data suggest that the controlled climatic conditions of the laboratory allowed the flight cylinder bioassay to be more sensitive in detecting daily fluctuations in the quality of moths caused by factors within the mass‐rearing facility. Therefore, both laboratory and field bioassays may be required to provide feedback on quality and performance of mass‐reared moths in a SIT programme.
The relationship between challenging behaviour and anxiety in adults with intellectual disabilities: a literature review
Authors: Pruijssers A. C. , van Meijel B. , Maaskant M. , Nijssen W. , van Achterberg T. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety and challenging behaviour (CB) often occur simultaneously in people with intellectual disabilities (ID). Understanding the associations between anxiety and CB may contribute to more accurate diagnoses and management of both anxiety and CB in this population.AimsTo examine the relationship between anxiety and CB.MethodsA literature review covering the period from January 2000 to January 2012.ResultsSeven studies about the relationship between psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, and CB were identified. These studies confirm the relationship between anxiety and CB in people with ID, although the precise nature of this relationship remains unclear.ConclusionsThe study points toward the existence of a moderate association between anxiety and CB. Further research is needed to clarify the complex nature of the association between anxiety and CB.
Age‐specific prevalence of intellectual disability in Finland at the beginning of new millennium – multiple register method
Authors: Westerinen H. , Kaski M. , Virta L. J. , Almqvist F. , Iivanainen M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn the national study of multiple registers in 2000, the average prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) was 0.70%, with marked differences by age group (range 0.38–0.96%) – what are these differences in detail, and can they be understood?MethodThis study was based on two national health registers and six social benefit registers. Prevalence of ID was calculated by 1‐year age cohorts.ResultsThe multiple register prevalence of ID increased steadily from 0.20% in the first life year to 0.74% (male: 0.90%, female: 0.58%) at 10 years. For boys, the rate fell to 0.71% at 11 years. For both sexes, a steady increase was noted in the distribution up to 40 years (male: 0.84%, female: 0.73%), followed by a sharper increase to the maximum prevalence (male: 1.19% at 48 years, female: 1.05% at 50 years). At the pension age of 66 years, a sudden drop to 0.49% occurred for men and women. Different registers gave very different age distributions.ConclusionsBy examining the data by 1‐year age cohorts, and by understanding the role of each register, it could be deduced that a proportion of cases in younger age groups is lacking, and a remarkable proportion of elderly ID persons is missing from the pooled data. The findings were more difficult to interpret, if the data were grouped into bigger age groups.
A method for estimating the fibre length in fibre‐PLA composites
Authors: CHINGA‐CARRASCO G. , SOLHEIM O. , LENES M. , LARSEN Å. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryWood pulp fibres are an important component of environmentally sound and renewable fibre‐reinforced composite materials. The high aspect ratio of pulp fibres is an essential property with respect to the mechanical properties a given composite material can achieve. The length of pulp fibres is affected by composite processing operations. This thus emphasizes the importance of assessing the pulp fibre length and how this may be affected by a given process for manufacturing composites. In this work a new method for measuring the length distribution of fibres and fibre fragments has been developed. The method is based on; (i) dissolving the composites, (ii) preparing the fibres for image acquisition and (iii) image analysis of the resulting fibre structures. The image analysis part is relatively simple to implement and is based on images acquired with a desktop scanner and a new ImageJ plugin. The quantification of fibre length has demonstrated the fibre shortening effect because of an extrusion process and subsequent injection moulding. Fibres with original lengths of >1 mm where shortened to fibre fragments with length of <200 μm. The shortening seems to be affected by the number of times the fibres have passed through the extruder, the amount of chain extender and the fraction of fibres in the polymer matrix.
Glucose metabolism down‐regulates the uptake of 6‐(N‐(7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐4‐yl)amino)‐2‐deoxyglucose (6‐NBDG) mediated by glucose transporter 1 isoform (GLUT1): theory and simulations using the symmetric four‐state carrier model
Authors: DiNuzzo Mauro , Giove Federico , Maraviglia Bruno , Mangia Silvia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe non‐metabolizable fluorescent glucose analogue 6‐(N‐(7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐4‐yl)amino)‐2‐deoxyglucose (6‐NBDG) is increasingly used to study cellular transport of glucose. Intracellular accumulation of exogenously applied 6‐NBDG is assumed to reflect concurrent gradient‐driven glucose uptake by glucose transporters (GLUTs). Here, theoretical considerations are provided that put this assumption into question. In particular, depending on the microscopic parameters of the carrier proteins, theory proves that changes in glucose transport can be accompanied by opposite changes in flow of 6‐NBDG. Simulations were carried out applying the symmetric four‐state carrier model on the GLUT1 isoform, which is the only isoform whose kinetic parameters are presently available. Results show that cellular 6‐NBDG uptake decreases with increasing rate of glucose utilization under core‐model conditions, supported by literature, namely where the transporter is assumed to work in regime of slow reorientation of the free‐carrier compared with the ligand–carrier complex. To observe an increase of 6‐NBDG uptake with increasing rate of glucose utilization, and thus interpret 6‐NBDG increase as surrogate of glucose uptake, the transporter must be assumed to operate in regime of slow ligand–carrier binding, a condition that is currently not supported by literature. Our findings suggest that the interpretation of data obtained with NBDG derivatives is presently ambiguous and should be cautious because the underlying transport kinetics are not adequately established.
‘Targeting’ sedation: the lived experience of the intensive care nurse
Authors: Everingham Kirsty , Fawcett Tonks , Walsh Tim 
Published: January 2013

Aims and objectivesTo discuss the findings from a phenomenological study that provides insights into the intensive care nurses' ‘world’ following changes in the sedation management of patients in an intensive care unit.BackgroundIntensive care sedation practices have undergone significant changes. Patients, where possible, are now managed on lighter levels of sedation, often achieved through the performance of sedation holds (SHs). The performance of SHs is normally carried out by the bedside nurse but compliance is reported to be poor. There has been little exploration of the nurses' experiences of these changes and the implications of SHs and subsequent wakefulness on their delivery of care.DesignFollowing ethical approval, 16 intensive care nurses, experienced and inexperienced, from within a general intensive care unit.MethodsA Heideggerian phenomenological approach was used. Data collection consisted of interviews guided by an aide memoir and a framework adapted from Van Manen informed the analysis.ResultsThe findings reveal new insights into the world of the intensive care nurse in the light of the changes to sedation management. They demonstrate that there have been unforeseen outcomes from well‐intentioned initiatives to improve the quality of patients' care. There were implications from the changes introduced for the nurses care delivery. The main themes that emerged were ‘working priorities’ and ‘unintended consequences’, in turn revealing embedded tensions between evidence‐based targets and holistic care.ConclusionsIntensive care nurses find that the current approach to the changes in sedation management can threaten their professional obligation and personal desire to provide holistic care. The ‘targeted’ approach by healthcare organisations is perceived to militate against the patient‐centred care they want to deliver.Relevance to clinical practiceSedation management is complex and needs further consideration particularly the potential constraints ‘target‐led’ care has on nursing practice.
Clinical credibility and trustworthiness are key characteristics used to identify colleagues from whom to seek information
Authors: Marshall Andrea P , West Sandra H , Aitken Leanne M 
Published: January 2013

Aims and objectivesTo explore the use of information by nurses making decisions in clinically uncertain situations in one aspect of critical care nursing practice (enteral feeding). In this paper, we report the characteristics, which participants identified as important, of the people from whom they sought information for the purpose of making clinical decisions.BackgroundRegistered nurses have a plethora of information sources available to assist them in making clinical decisions. Identifying and selecting the best information to support these decisions can be difficult and is influenced by factors such as accessibility, usefulness and variations in quality of the information.DesignAn instrumental case study design using multiple case study analysis.MethodTwenty‐two critical care nurses from two intensive care units contributed to the data through multiple methods of data collection including concurrent verbal protocols (think aloud), retrospective probing and focus group interviews.ResultsNurses preferentially used colleagues as a source of information when faced with uncertainty about their clinical practice. Most participants placed greater emphasis on evaluating the individual providing the information rather than on evaluating the information itself. Key features used for identifying an individual as a source of information included experience, clinical role, trust and approachability.ConclusionEstablishing clearly what clinical credibility means, and to what extent trustworthiness and expertise play a role in the establishment of credibility, is an important debate for nursing. We need to carefully consider what defines the construct of clinical credibility and how this aligns with the concept of clinical currency, to allow clinicians to determine in others the characteristics associated with clinical credibility to access quality information through social interaction.Relevance to clinical practiceProcesses to focus on determining the quality of information obtained from colleagues should be emphasised. What these processes are and how they could be implemented into clinical practice remains unknown and is highlighted as an area for future research.
The effect of height, weight and head circumference on gross motor development in achondroplasia
Authors: Ireland Penelope Jane , Ware Robert S , Donaghey Samantha , McGill James , Zankl Andreas , Pacey Verity , Ault Jenny , Savarirayan Ravi , Sillence David , Thompson Elizabeth , Townshend Sharron , Johnston Leanne M 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate whether height, weight, head circumference and/or relationships between these factors are associated with gross motor milestone acquisition in children with achondroplasia.MethodPopulation‐based data regarding timing of major gross motor milestones up to 5 years were correlated with height, weight and head circumference at birth and 12 months in 48 children with achondroplasia born in Australia and New Zealand between 2000 and 2009.ResultsAlthough as a group children with achondroplasia showed delayed gross motor skill acquisition, within group differences in height, weight or head circumference did not appear to influence timing of gross motor skills before 5 years. The exception was lie to sit transitioning, which appears likely to occur earlier if the child is taller and heavier at 12 months, and later if the child has significant head‐to‐body disproportion.ConclusionsThis is the first study to investigate the relationship between common musculoskeletal impairments associated with achondroplasia and timing of gross motor achievement. Identification of the musculoskeletal factors that exacerbate delays in transitioning from lying to sitting will assist clinicians to provide more proactive assessment, advice and intervention regarding motor skill acquisition for this population.
The essential oil of Citrus bergamia Risso induces vasorelaxation of the mouse aorta by activating K+ channels and inhibiting Ca2+ influx
Authors: Kang Purum , Suh Suk Hyo , Min Sun Seek , Seol Geun Hee 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to explore the effect of the essential oil of Citrus bergamia Risso (bergamot) on mouse blood vessels and to analyse the mechanism of this effect from a pharmacological perspective.

Methods
We investigated the effect of bergamot essential oil (BEO) on vascular tonus during contraction of mouse aorta induced by prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) or noradrenaline (norepinephrine).

Key findings
In mouse aortic rings, BEO (0.01, 0.1 and 0.2% v/v) reduced contraction in a dose-dependent manner, and relaxed the vascular tonus induced by PGF2α. No significant difference in the extent of vasorelaxation induced by 0.1% (v/v) BEO was evident when rings with intact endothelium and endothelium-denuded rings were compared. When aortic rings were suspended in a medium that was Ca2+-free but contained 80 mm KCl, addition of CaCl2 (1, 2.5 or 5 mm) induced contraction in a dose-dependent manner. However, addition of Ca2+ after incubation of the rings with BEO strongly suppressed CaCl2-induced contraction. Further, the K+-channel blocker tetraethylammonium chloride partially blocked BEO-induced vasorelaxation.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that BEO may induce endothelium-independent vasorelaxation by regulating the vascular tone of smooth muscle. Activation of K+ channels and inhibition of Ca2+ influx may be involved in vasorelaxation of mouse aorta elicited by BEO.
An assessment of sediment reuse for sediment management of Gallito Ciego Reservoir, Peru
Authors: Walter Katja , Gunkel Günter , Gamboa Nadia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGallito Ciego Reservoir, with a surface area of 14.2 km2 and mean depth of 40.3 m, is located in the Jequetepeque River basin in north‐western Peru. It is rapidly filling with sediments, endangering its main purpose of supplying agricultural irrigation water. A sediment volume corresponding to 70% of the dead water volume has accumulated in the reservoir up to 2007, with reservoir bottom outlet becoming blocked. Below the dam, 35 000 ha of irrigated cropland, supporting 115 000 habitants, are endangered. This study was conducted to evaluate the possibilities of sediment management, especially the use of the sediment for agricultural purposes in the Jequetepeque River basin. Sediment samples were collected from littoral and profound sites in the reservoir. Suspended sediments also were collected. Physical parameters were investigated, and the nutrient and heavy metal concentrations were determined. By comparing grain‐size distribution and nutrient content, as well as pollutant concentration of the sediments, to those of terrestrial soils near the reservoir, an assessment of the potential for applying the sediments on the cropland was undertaken. Texture investigations of profound sediments revealed a strong grain‐size classification within the reservoir. Because the heavy metal concentrations in the sediments were below toxic thresholds, and the concentrations of nutrients also were low, using the sediments for agricultural purposes would not constitute risks, although they cannot replace fertilizer. As a soil amendment and building material, the sediments do have an economical value. Its dredging and use, however, must be seen as only one component of more holistic sediment management of the Jequetepeque Watershed.
Urban lakes in a developing nation: Drivers, states and impacts of water quality and quantity in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Nazrul , Kitazawa Daisuke , Runfola Daniel M. , Giner Nicholas M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study examined pollution and shrinkage of urban lakes in the rapidly urbanizing city of Dhaka, Bangladesh. A mixed‐method approach was employed, nested within the European Environmental Agency Drivers, Pressure, States, Impacts, Responses Framework and Environmental Systems Analysis tools (as stakeholder and functions analysis methodologies). A variety of stakeholders and policymakers were first interviewed, being asked to participate in an exercise identifying their perceptions of the greatest challenges facing urban lakes in Dhaka. The current quantity and quality of lakes in Dhaka was subsequently assessed through a combination of field work, government reports and satellite imagery analysis. The results indicated that past management strategies have failed to prevent the infill and pollution of lakes and wetlands. Many key indicators of poor water quality have exhibited sharp increases over the past decade. Urban encroachment into lakes has been curtailed in only four of Dhaka’s 14 districts, with ten districts losing water land cover over the past 66 years. Policymaker and stakeholder opinions on the drivers of lake pollution were highly variable in this study, creating additional roadblocks in implementing and enforcing effective management strategies. It is concluded that the regulatory policies must be implemented to prevent furthermore environmental degradation, while also observing that such policies will be very difficult to enforce under current conditions.