bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portugal: Political Developments and Data in 2023
Authors: MAGONE JOSÉ M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn 2023, Portugal experienced the end of a political cycle of Socialist government rule that had started in 2014. Several scandals affected the executive throughout the year, including traffic of influence. There were also regional elections in Madeira on 24 September, which were won by the Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata). At the end of the year, President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa dismissed Prime Minister Antonio Costa. This still allowed the budget for 2024 to be passed in December, with the call for early legislative elections being postponed to the beginning of 2024.
Primary outcomes and anticipated effect sizes in randomised clinical trials assessing adjuncts to peripheral nerve blocks: A scoping review
Authors: Flyger Sarah Sofie Bitsch , Sorenson Sandra , Pingel Lasse , Karlsen Anders Peder Højer , Nørskov Anders Kehlet , Mathiesen Ole , Maagaard Mathias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundProlonging effects of adjuncts to local anaesthetics in peripheral nerve blocks have been demonstrated in randomised clinical trials. The chosen primary outcome and anticipated effect size have major impact on the clinical relevance of results in these trials. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of frequently used outcomes and anticipated effect sizes in randomised trials on peripheral nerve block adjuncts.MethodsFor our scoping review, we searched MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL for trials assessing effects of adjuncts for peripheral nerve blocks published in 10 major anaesthesia journals. We included randomised clinical trials assessing adjuncts for single‐shot ultrasound‐guided peripheral nerve blocks, regardless of the type of interventional adjunct and control group, local anaesthetic used and anatomical localization. Our primary outcome was the choice of primary outcomes and corresponding anticipated effect size used for sample size estimation. Secondary outcomes were assessor of primary outcomes, the reporting of sample size calculations and statistically significant and non‐significant results related to the anticipated effect sizes.ResultsOf 11,854 screened trials, we included 59. The most frequent primary outcome was duration of analgesia (35/59 trials, 59%) with absolute and relative median (interquartile range) anticipated effect sizes for adjunct versus placebo/no adjunct: 240 min (180–318) and 30% (25–40) and for adjunct versus active comparator: 210 min (180–308) and 17% (15–28). Adequate sample size calculations were reported in 78% of trials. Statistically significant results were reported for primary outcomes in 45/59 trials (76%), of which 22% did not reach the anticipated effect size.ConclusionThe reported outcomes and associated anticipated effect sizes can be used in future trials on adjuncts for peripheral nerve blocks to increase methodological homogeneity.
Dose‐specific clinical outcomes in patients with opioid use disorder treated with 24–32 mg/day of buprenorphine
Authors: D’Agata Mount Julia , Sun Junfeng , Davis Ashley , Cover Amelia , Sun Lily , Gannon Catherine , Derenoncourt Meghan , Garrett Grace , Eyasu Rahwa , Ebah Emade , Bijole Phyllis , Greenblatt Aaron , Kattakuzhy Sarah , Rosenthal Elana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground/AimsIn people with opioid use disorder (OUD), buprenorphine is a vital treatment to decrease opioid use and overdose. The US Food and Drug Administration's prescribing information for buprenorphine advises dosing up to 24 mg/day; however, doses of buprenorphine up to 32 mg have been shown to be safe and effective. We compared outcomes associated increased dosing from 24 to 32 mg/day.DesignProspective cohort investigation.SettingLow‐barrier buprenorphine clinic in Washington, District of Columbia, USA.ParticipantsParticipants in the ANCHOR study (people with hepatitis C virus (HCV), OUD, and active opioid misuse who were treated for HCV and offered buprenorphine) who received buprenorphine at doses of 24 and/or 32 mg/day. 72 participants were included in the analysis: 24 (33%) patients stabilized on 24 mg, and 48 (67%) patients stabilized on 32 mg. Patients were predominantly male (78%), Black (96%), unstably housed (57%), and used opioids by injection (93%).MeasurementsPatient‐reported drug use, use frequency, triggers for use, and urine drug screens were collected at each visit. For analysis, the cohort was divided into individuals stabilized on 24 mg (24 mg cohort) or 32 mg (32 mg cohort). Drug use outcomes were assessed between cohorts at 24 mg dosing and at respective maximum dosing. Within the 32 mg cohort, outcomes were compared at 24 mg versus 32 mg dosing.FindingsWithin the 32 mg cohort, increased dosing from 24 to 32 mg was associated with a decline in opioid use (68.5% [5.2%] at 24 mg vs 59.5% [5.6%] at 32 mg; P = 0.02), frequency of use per week (1.58 [0.19] at 24 mg vs. 1.15 [0.16] at 32 mg; P = 0.0002) and physiologic triggers for use (38.2% [6.0%] at 24 mg vs 7.0% [1.9%] at 32 mg; P < 0.0001). At the end of the study period, there were significantly more patients retained in the 32 mg cohort (78.7%) compared with the 24 mg cohort (50.0%, P = 0.02).ConclusionHigher buprenorphine dosing (32 mg/day) appears to improve outcomes in people with opioid use disorder, even in the absence of abstinence.
The expression of intermediate filaments in the abomasum of ruminants: A comparative study
Authors: Aydın Nurşin , Ketani M. Aydın , Sağsöz Hakan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntermediate filaments (IFs) are key molecular factors of the cell and have been reported to play an important role in maintaining the structural integrity and functionality of the abomasum. This study was designed to determine the regional distribution, cellular localization and expression of several IFs, including CK8, CK18, CK19, vimentin, desmin, peripherin and nestin, as well as the connective tissue component laminin, in the bovine, ovine and caprine abomasa. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated varying levels of expression of CK8, CK18, CK19, vimentin, desmin, nestin, peripherin and laminin in the bovine, ovine and caprine abomasa. CK8 immunoreactions were particularly evident in the luminal and glandular epithelia of the glands found in the abomasal cardia, fundus and pylorus in all three species. In the bovine abomasum, CK18 immunoreactions were stronger in the parietal cells, compared to the chief cells. In the abomasum of all three species, the smooth muscle as well as the smooth muscle cells of the vascular media in the cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions showed strong immunoreactivity. In all three species, the cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions of the abomasum showed strong peripherin and nestin immunoreactions in the luminal and glandular epithelial cells, stromal and smooth muscle cells, nervous plexuses and blood vessels. The expression patterns of IFs and laminin in the ruminant abomasum suggest that these proteins play a structural role in the cytoskeleton and are effective in maintaining abomasal tissue integrity and stability.
Evaluation of genomic prediction considering non‐additive genetic effects on fatty acid traits of Japanese Black cattle
Authors: Oyama Hidemi , Nishio Motohide , Shibata Eri , Takemyo Hinaka , Ichinoseki Kasumi , Ishii Kazuo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGenomic prediction was conducted using 2494 Japanese Black cattle from Hiroshima Prefecture and both single‐nucleotide polymorphism information and phenotype data on monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and oleic acid (C18:1) analyzed with gas chromatography. We compared the prediction accuracy for four models (A, additive genetic effects; AD, as for A with dominance genetic effects; ADR, as for AD with the runs of homozygosity (ROH) effects calculated by ROH‐based relationship matrix; and ADF, as for AD with the ROH‐based inbreeding coefficient of the linear regression). Bayesian methods were used to estimate variance components. The narrow‐sense heritability estimates for MUFA and C18:1 were 0.52–0.53 and 0.57, respectively; the corresponding proportions of dominance genetic variance were 0.04–0.07 and 0.04–0.05, and the proportion of ROH variance was 0.02. The deviance information criterion values showed slight differences among the models, and the models provided similar prediction accuracy.
Grazing effects on vegetation: Biodiversity, management, and restoration
Authors: Török Péter , Lindborg Regina , Eldridge David , Pakeman Robin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn many regions, wild large herbivores have maintained open landscapes up to and including historic times, but, more recently, have been largely replaced by domestic livestock. By employing extensive and traditional grazing and browsing regimes, conservation actions support biodiversity and recovery in natural and degraded areas. However, grazing also plays other important ecological roles, for example, in the maintenance and/or recovery of important ecosystem services, such as biomass production and carbon sequestration. Understanding herbivore effects on plant composition and functional diversity, and ecosystem functioning and services, is essential for informing ecological theory and practice. The current Special Issue highlights that the effects of grazing on vegetation are strongly context‐dependent. The articles identify at least three major factors acting in concert, which are responsible for contrasting diversity and functional patterns of vegetation subjected to herbivores: (i) herbivore identity; (ii) grazing intensity; and (iii) vegetation type. Insights from this Special Issue imply that long‐term experiments across different habitat types and in underrepresented regions are needed to provide valuable information for grazing planning and management. They also demonstrate that integrating indigenous and traditional ecological knowledge, and considering socio‐economic contexts, can provide opportunities for improving sustainable grazing management.
Learners’ Spontaneous Gesture Before a Math Lesson Predicts the Efficacy of Seeing Versus Doing Gesture During the Lesson
Authors: Congdon Eliza L. , Wakefield Elizabeth M. , Novack Miriam A. , Hemani‐Lopez Naureen , Goldin‐Meadow Susan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGestures—hand movements that accompany speech and express ideas—can help children learn how to solve problems, flexibly generalize learning to novel problem‐solving contexts, and retain what they have learned. But does it matter who is doing the gesturing? We know that producing gesture leads to better comprehension of a message than watching someone else produce gesture. But we do not know how producing versus observing gesture impacts deeper learning outcomes such as generalization and retention across time. Moreover, not all children benefit equally from gesture instruction, suggesting that there are individual differences that may play a role in who learns from gesture. Here, we consider two factors that might impact whether gesture leads to learning, generalization, and retention after mathematical instruction: (1) whether children see gesture or do gesture and (2) whether a child spontaneously gestures before instruction when explaining their problem‐solving reasoning. For children who spontaneously gestured before instruction, both doing and seeing gesture led to better generalization and retention of the knowledge gained than a comparison manipulative action. For children who did not spontaneously gesture before instruction, doing gesture was less effective than the comparison action for learning, generalization, and retention. Importantly, this learning deficit was specific to gesture, as these children did benefit from doing the comparison manipulative action. Our findings are the first evidence that a child's use of a particular representational format for communication (gesture) directly predicts that child's propensity to learn from using the same representational format.
The evolving role of interventional cytopathology from thyroid FNA to NGS: Lessons learned at Federico II University of Naples
Authors: Vigliar Elena , Carillo Anna Maria , Nacchio Mariantonia , Cozzolino Domenico , Acanfora Gennaro , Salatiello Maria , Pisapia Pasquale , Malapelle Umberto , Troncone Giancarlo , Bellevicine Claudio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) guided by ultrasound (US) has emerged as a highly precise diagnostic method for managing thyroid nodules, significantly diminishing unnecessary surgeries. The effectiveness of US‐guided FNA is high when a single specialist performs the FNA procedure and the microscopy. This paradigm has paved the way for the evolution of interventional cytopathology, a specialist with a pivotal role in the preoperative diagnostic process, encompassing patient history review, clinical examination, FNA execution under US guidance, preparation, and microscopic interpretation of cytological samples. As the landscape of precision medicine unfolds, molecular testing assumes greater importance in thyroid cytopathology, particularly in refining the risk of malignancy for indeterminate nodules. The updated Bethesda classification system underscores the clinical significance of molecular tests, emphasizing their role in refining diagnostic accuracy. With this evolving landscape, interventional cytopathologists must adapt by acquiring expertise in molecular technologies and addressing ongoing challenges in workflow harmonization and optimization. This paper delves into our decade‐long experience as interventional cytopathologists, focusing on recent endeavours to ensure adequate samples not only for microscopic diagnosis but also for molecular testing. Additionally, here we review the challenges of integrating next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology into clinical practice, highlighting the importance of integrating clinically meaningful molecular data into comprehensive molecular cytology reports.
Diagnostik und Therapie des Ulcus cruris venosum: S2k‐Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Phlebologie und Lymphologie (DGPL) e.V.
Authors: Valesky Eva Maria , Hach‐Wunderle Viola , Protz Kerstin , Zeiner Kim Nikola , Erfurt‐Berge Cornelia , Goedecke Falk , Jäger Björn , Kahle Birgit , Kluess Holger , Knestele Michaela , Kuntz Anja , Lüdemann Claas , Meissner Markus , Mühlberg Katja , Mühlberger Dominic , Pannier Felizitas , Schmedt Claus‐Georg , Schmitz‐Rixen Thomas , Strölin Anke , Wilm Stefan , Rabe Eberhard , Stücker Markus , Dissemond Joachim 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDiese S2k‐Leitlinie zu den Thematiken des Ulcus cruris venosum wurde auf Initiative und unter Federführung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Phlebologie und Lymphologie (DGPL) e.V. erstellt. Die Leitliniengruppe bestand zudem aus Vertretern der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Phlebologie und Lymphologie, Deutschen Dermatologische Gesellschaft, Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin, Deutschen Gesellschaft für Angiologie, Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gefäßchirurgie und Gefäßmedizin, Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie, Deutschen Gesellschaft für Dermatochirurgie, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Wundheilung und Wundbehandlung, Berufsverband der Phlebologen und Lymphologen und Initiative Chronische Wunden.Durch diese Leitlinie sollen die unterschiedlichen Herangehensweisen und Wissensstände der jeweiligen Berufsgruppen konsensbasiert vereint werden, so dass ein Basiskonzept für die möglichst optimale Behandlung der Patienten mit Ulcus cruris venosum angeboten werden kann. Unterteilt in die Themenbereiche Diagnostik, Therapie, Prävention von Rezidiven und alltäglichen Herausforderungen wurden insgesamt 70 konkrete Empfehlungen formuliert und abgestimmt.Die Leitlinie bildet somit den aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Stand ab und soll als bestverfügbares Dokument für die Behandlung der Patienten mit Ulcus cruris venosum im klinischen Alltag breit eingesetzt werden.
Linking acoustic variability in the infants' input to their early word production
Authors: Bulgarelli Federica , Bergelson Elika 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExposure to talker variability shapes how learning unfolds in the lab, and occurs in the everyday speech infants hear in daily life. Here, we asked whether aspects of talker variability in speech input are also linked to the onset of word production. We further asked whether these effects were redundant with effects of speech register (i.e., whether speech input was adult‐ vs. child‐directed). To do so, we first extracted a set of highly common nouns from a longitudinal corpus of home recordings from North‐American English‐learning infants. We then used the acoustic variability in how these tokens were said to predict when the children first produced these same nouns. We found that in addition to frequency, variability in how words sound in 6–17 month's input predicted when children first said these words. Furthermore, while the proportion of child‐directed speech also predicted the month of first production, it did so alongside measurements of acoustic variability in children's real‐world input. Together, these results add to a growing body of literature suggesting that variability in how words sound in the input is linked to learning both in the lab and in daily life.Research Highlights
Talker variability shapes learning in the lab and exists in everyday speech; we asked whether it predicts word learning in the real world.
Acoustic measurements of early words in infants' input (and their frequency) predicted when infants first said those same words.
Speech register also predicted when infants said words, alongside effects of talker variability.
Our results provide a deeper understanding of how sources of variability inherent to children's input connect to their learning and development.
Variation in gaze following across the life span: A process‐level perspective
Authors: Prein Julia Christin , Maurits Luke , Werwach Annika , Haun Daniel B. M. , Bohn Manuel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFollowing eye gaze is fundamental for many social‐cognitive abilities, for example, when judging what another agent can or cannot know. While the emergence of gaze following has been thoroughly studied on a group level, we know little about (a) the developmental trajectory beyond infancy and (b) the sources of individual differences. In Study 1, we examined gaze following across the lifespan (N = 478 3‐ to 19‐year‐olds from Leipzig, Germany; and N = 240 20‐ to 80‐year‐old international, remotely tested adults). We found a steep performance improvement during preschool years, in which children became more precise in locating the attentional focus of an agent. Precision levels then stayed comparably stable throughout adulthood with a minor decline toward old age. In Study 2, we formalized the process of gaze following in a computational cognitive model that allowed us to conceptualize individual differences in a psychologically meaningful way (N = 60 3‐ to 5‐year‐olds, 50 adults). According to our model, participants estimate pupil angles with varying levels of precision based on observing the pupil location within the agent's eyes. In Study 3, we empirically tested how gaze following relates to vector following in non‐social settings and perspective‐taking abilities (N = 102 4‐ to 5‐year‐olds). We found that gaze following is associated with both of these abilities but less so with other Theory of Mind tasks. This work illustrates how the combination of reliable measurement instruments and formal theoretical models allows us to explore the in(ter)dependence of core social‐cognitive processes in greater detail.Research Highlights
Gaze following develops beyond infancy. The highest precision levels in localizing attentional foci are reached in young adulthood with a slight decrease towards old age.
We present a computational model that describes gaze following as a process of estimating pupil angles and the corresponding gaze vectors.
The model explains individual differences and recovers signature patterns in the data. To estimate the relation between gaze‐ and vector following, we designed a non‐social vector following task.
We found substantial correlations between gaze following and vector following, as well as Level 2 perspective‐taking. Other Theory of Mind tasks did not correlate.
Vulvovaginal candidiasis and type 2 diabetes: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Brieditis Emelie , Li Xinjun , Sundquist Kristina , Jansåker Filip 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsTo examine whether vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) precedes type 2 diabetes and to quantify the possible time period between VVC and subsequent diabetes.Material and MethodsWe conducted a nationwide retrospective primary healthcare study including 1 838 929 women aged 35–65 years in Sweden (2007–2018). Cox regression models were used to examine associations between VVC and type 2 diabetes, while controlling for possible confounders. Propensity‐score‐weighted analysis was also conducted.ResultsThe incidence rate of diabetes per 1000 person‐years was 3.06 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.05–3.08) in women without preceding VVC and 4.05 (95% CI 3.86–4.24) in women with preceding VVC. The incidence rate was particularly high in women aged 55 years and older with VVC: 9.56 (95% CI 8.01–11.11). Women with VVC had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.41 (95% CI 1.28–1.55) for diabetes compared to women without VVC in the multivariable‐adjusted model. The corresponding HR was 1.63 (95% CI 1.53–1.74) in propensity‐score‐weighted analysis. Women with prior VVC also seemed to have a stronger risk of diabetes with older age, particularly after the age of 55 years. The mean (range) time between VVC and subsequent diabetes was 0.57 (0–2) years, depending on the age of the woman.ConclusionWe found temporal associations between VVC and diabetes. The findings demonstrate that the presence of VVC may indicate a future diagnosis of diabetes, especially in women aged 55 years and older. This knowledge could be valuable for clinicians when treating women with VVC.