bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Survey on Edge Data Integrity Verification: Fundamentals and Future Trends
Authors: Zhao Yao , Qu Youyang , Xiang Yong , Uddin Md Palash , Peng Dezhong , Gao Longxiang 
Published: August 2024

Recent advances in edge computing (EC) have pushed cloud-based data caching services to edge; however, such emerging edge storage comes with numerous challenging and unique security issues. One of them is the problem of edge data integrity verification (EDIV), which coordinates multiple participants (e.g., data owners and edge nodes) to inspect whether data cached on edge is authentic. To date, various solutions have been proposed to address the EDIV problem, while there is no systematic review. Thus, we offer a comprehensive survey for the first time, aiming to show current research status, open problems, and potentially promising insights for readers to further investigate this under-explored field. Specifically, we begin by stating the significance of the EDIV problem, the integrity verification difference between data cached on cloud and edge, and three typical system models with corresponding inspection processes. To thoroughly assess prior research efforts, we synthesize a universal criteria framework that an effective verification approach should satisfy. On top of it, a schematic development timeline is developed to reveal the research advance on EDIV in a sequential manner, followed by a detailed review of the existing EDIV solutions. Finally, we highlight intriguing research challenges and possible directions for future work, along with a discussion on how forthcoming technology, e.g., machine learning and context-aware security, can augment security in EC. Given our findings, some major observations are: there is a noticeable trend to equip EDIV solutions with various functions and diversify study scenarios; completing EDIV within two types of participants (i.e., data owner and edge nodes) is garnering escalating interest among researchers; although the majority of existing methods rely on cryptography, emerging technology is being explored to handle the EDIV problem.
Colorectal Cancer Recurrence Prediction Using a Tissue-Free Epigenomic Minimal Residual Disease Assay
Authors: Nakamura Yoshiaki , Tsukada Yuichiro , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa , Murano Tatsuro , Shiozawa Manabu , Takahashi Yusuke , Oki Eiji , Goto Masahiro , Kagawa Yoshinori , Kanazawa Akiyoshi , Ohta Takashi , Ouchi Akira , Bando Hideaki , Uchigata Hiroshi , Notake Chiemi , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Yoshino Takayuki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Posttreatment detection of ctDNA is strongly predictive of recurrence. Most minimal/molecular residual disease assays require prior tissue testing to guide ctDNA analysis, resulting in lengthy time to initial results and unevaluable patients.

Experimental Design:
We assessed a tissue-free assay (Guardant Reveal) that bioinformatically evaluates &gt;20,000 epigenomic regions for ctDNA detection in 1,977 longitudinally collected postoperative plasma samples from 342 patients with resected colorectal cancer.

Results:
We observed sensitive and specific detection of minimal/molecular residual disease associated with clinically meaningful differences in recurrence-free intervals at each time point evaluated with a median lead time of 5.3 months. The longitudinal sensitivity in stage II or higher colon cancer was 81%. Sensitivity increased with serial measurement and varied by recurrence site: higher for liver (100%) versus lung (53%) and peritoneal (40%). Sensitivity among patients with rectal cancer was 60% owing to a high proportion of lung metastases. Specificity was 98.2% among 1,461 posttreatment samples (99.1% among those with follow-up longer than the upper IQR of the lead time observed in this study).

Conclusions:
Our data demonstrate the potential clinical utility of ctDNA as a tool to improve the management of stage II and higher colorectal cancer with a methodology that is noninvasive, accessible, and allows for rapid evaluation to inform clinical decisions.
Participatory wildlife films for primate conservation education in Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Ramos Luna Jorge , Chapman Colin A. , Serio-Silva Juan Carlos 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Audiovisual media has become an integral part of conservation education strategies, with the potential not only to communicate information but also to impact on its viewers perceptions and attitudes towards a particular subject. Despite this potential, few studies have evaluated either the use of film for primate conservation initiatives or the wider impact of participatory film production. Our study evaluates the impact of a participatory documentary film about historic human-primate coexistence in the Los Tuxtlas region, Veracruz, Mexico, to improve people’s knowledge, perception, and attitudes towards the local primate species, Alouatta palliata and Ateles geoffroyi. Our study took place in six rural localities, in four of which a participatory film-making process was undertaken, involving production workshops and public screenings; two localities were intentionally left out as control groups. People’s knowledge, perception, and attitudes towards primates were assessed through randomized sampling using a questionnaire prior (n = 419) and following (n = 223) the presentation of the documentary. Results indicate a minimal but positive shift in participant’s attitudes and perceptions, with statistically significant increases in primate knowledge scores. While the participatory approach offers promise, further exploration and refinement are essential for effective conservation education. The study highlights the need for diverse and locally based perspectives in developing conservation education materials and programs to foster meaningful engagement and drive primate conservation efforts forward.
Host status of cover crops for the management of Meloidogyne izalcoensis in coffee orchards infested with root-knot nematodes
Authors: Almeida Sheila F. , Rodrigues-Silva Paolo L. , Mattos Vanessa S. , Souza Caio F.B. , Cares Juvenil E. , Carneiro Regina M.D.G. 
Published: August 2024

Summary
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne izalcoensis was described parasitising coffee trees and causing damage in the Izalco volcano region, Sonsonate, El Salvador. In Brazil, it was detected in coffee roots in the municipality of Indianópolis, Minas Gerais state (MG). Intercropping cover crops is a traditional practice in Brazilian coffee orchards, and the use of plants that are non-hosts or antagonistic to the nematodes is a very promising strategy for coffee in infested areas. Due to the scarce information on the host status of M. izalcoensis, the aim of this study was to evaluate 24 plants of different species of cover crops and select the non-hosts or poor hosts. Two assays were conducted at different times, and all plants were inoculated with 10 000 eggs. After 90 days, the following parameters were determined: fresh root weight, reproduction factor (RF) and final reaction. Plants with RF < 1.0 were classified as non-hosts (NH), those with RF > 1.0 were classified as hosts and using statistical analyses as: good host (GH), intermediate host (IH) and poor host (PH). Most of the botanical species tested were classified as NH or PH to M. izalcoensis: cotton, rice, white oat, black oat, ryegrass, corn, three species of grass, two cultivars of millet, two wheat cultivars, Crotalaria breviflora, C. ochroleuca, C. spectabilis, jack bean, gray mucuna bean and two species of rice grass. Only tomato and bean were classified as GH, and C. juncea and soybean were classified as IH. The plants identified as non-hosts or poor hosts can be recommended for intercropping or for crop rotation in Brazilian coffee orchards in regions infested by M. izalcoensis.
Secular Framings
Authors: Pontzen Benedikt 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The secular Ghanaian state frames and governs ‘African Traditional Religion’ (‘ATR’) in three main ways. As culture and heritage, aspects of ‘ATR’ are integrated into public performances and national narratives, displaying the African identity of the Ghanaian nation. As providers of traditional forms of therapy, traditional shrines are administered as health facilities and supervised by the Ministry of Health. As religion, ‘ATR’ is counted as one of the country’s religions. This article discusses these framings and their social dynamics drawing on framing theories and secularity studies. Devising secular framings and eclectically appropriating traditional religious presences, the Ghanaian state seeks to govern ‘ATR’ and integrate it into its nation-building politics. Traditional religious actors have reappropriated these framings, carving out spaces of their own. The relations between ‘ATR’ and the Ghanaian state are subject to constant negotiations that impact both.
State, Religion, and Tradition in Angola
Authors: Figueiredo Fábio Baqueiro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Angolan independence, proclaimed in 1975, instituted a one-party, socialist-oriented revolutionary regime that vowed to create a nation of workers under a secular state with freedom of worship. However, such a framework existed only on paper. A generation gap opposed Protestant, mission-educated leaders to younger agnostic and atheist militants trained in socialist countries. The government acted to circumscribe the public space of churches and enforce compliance with the heavily contested new order, but also promoted certain denominations as a tool to build hegemony. Further complications arise from African religious practices not being deemed religion but tradition, pointing both to superstition and obscurantism on the one hand, and to the cultural corpus of nation-building on the other. This paper posits that the study of secularity in Angola does not fit into the usual theoretical dichotomy but must take into account the intersections and interplay of tradition with both religion and the state.
African Socialism and Secular State Formation
Authors: Wilkens Katharina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In order to trace pathways of secularisation and secularity in Africa this paper highlights a particular movement that carried great ideological weight at the time of most countries’ independence in the 1950s and 60s, namely African socialism. The development toward state secularism was structurally very similar throughout the continent independently of whether political leaders opted for the ‘West’ or the ‘East’ in the cold war. However, in opposition to Soviet ideology, African Socialism was famously antiatheist. With the wish to fend off Marxist atheism as a supposedly necessary aspect of socialism, ideologues in African socialism were among the few politicians in Africa even to address the place of religion in a secular state at all. The roots of African socialism can be traced to US-American Pan-Africanism as well as the interconnected colonial opposition movement grounded in Marxist anti-imperialism. Another argument focusses on the education of some prominent state leaders, such as Nyerere, Nkrumah, Touré and Senghor, to explain the importance of Christian mission schools and Islamic madrasahs as points of access to social, intellectual, and institutional participation in global anti-colonial movements. In the framework of one-party politics, state leaders called on (Pan-)African traditions, but ‘de-mystified’ them (Touré) in order to enhance African Socialism ‘as belief’ (Nyerere). In conclusion it is argued that state secularism in Africa at the time of independence, as demonstrated most visibly in African Socialism, is more about suppressing and/or balancing the traditional powers of religious leaders than about a fundamental critique of a religious way of life. In turn, the implicit association of socialism and Marxism with atheism needs further scrutiny in a global perspective.
Secularity and Muslim-Christian Relations in Uganda
Authors: Schulz Dorothea 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The article reconstructs aspects of the secularizing project of the British colonial administration in Uganda by exploring how state regulatory practices in the field of Western school education set the conditions for two forms of religious difference: first, relations between Muslims as members of a religious minority and the Christian majority, and second, dynamics among Muslims that transpired not only in leadership competition but also in controversies over education and proper religious practice. Focusing on the intersections between a state regulatory regime and the activities of Muslims who claimed religious and political leadership on behalf of other Muslims in the areas of Buganda and Bugisu, the article argues that these Muslim intellectuals mediated and contributed to the colonial administration’s production of Muslims as a religious minority. As articulators of Islam, they (re)formulated and debated the forms and purpose of Muslim education and partly novel understandings of proper religious practice, and what it means to be a modern, pious Muslim in the new colonial order. Their political aspirations were hampered, not only as a direct consequence of the colonial administration’s production of systematic inequalities between Christians and Muslims, but also as a result of the dynamics of intra-Muslim plurality.
The Nordic Investment Bank: The Evolution of an International Institution
Authors: Megliani Mauro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Nordic Investment Bank (nib) is an international financial institution created in 1975 by the Nordic Council of Ministers to promote investment projects and exports in the Nordic region. In 1998, a new Agreement and Statutes replaced the previous ones and established the international character of the institution. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, nib started to provide financing to the Baltic states which in 2004 became full members under a new Agreement. The three establishing treaties have marked the evolution of nib: first, a common institution of the Nordic countries; then, an international financial institution of the Nordic countries; and, finally, a Nordic-Baltic international financial institution. In this process, a key point is to appreciate whether and to what extent nib has continuously operated as a legal entity across the succession of establishing treaties.
Positive Duties of the Security Council Under the UN Charter and International Law
Authors: Pezzano Luciano 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The current international context, characterised by a crisis in the multilateral institutions including the United Nations Security Council (sc), invites one to explore an often-overlooked question: whether the UN Charter and international law impose positive duties on the sc. To answer this question, this article offers a theoretical approach to an issue that has not received much attention from the authors. This exploratory study discusses the existence of duties of the sc; it analyses those duties under the Charter and international law, especially in Article 39, in the UN Purposes and Principles, and in the jus cogens norms. The article deals with the content and scope of the duties, arguing for a due diligence nature of them, and it also addresses the issue of the consequences of breaches, especially the institutional consequences within the UN system.
The Freedom of Association as Seen by the International Administrative Tribunals
Authors: Petrović Dražen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Rules governing international civil service as compared with national law are not always clear. The ways that international administrative tribunals protect the principle of the freedom of association and identified the rights by which this principle is manifested and realised are interesting as the realisation of those rights is not always obvious in international organizations. The right to organise, the right to strike, the right to be consulted and the collective bargaining are not words that can be found in constituent documents of international organizations. But they are indispensable for proper function of the organizations. The case law of the tribunals, which this article wishes to present, thus contributes to creating a harmonious workplace for officials of international organizations.
Walking the Path of Sanctification Together – Negative Work as an Approach to the Sacramental Dimension of Communion
Authors: Wolff Edda 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This essay explores the less examined facets of communion and sacramentality within the church, emphasizing the dynamic nature of the church as continually ‘in-becoming’. It applies the concept of ‘negative work’ to approach dynamics of difference, disruption, and transformation, spotlighting the church as an evolving entity in a continuous state of ‘becoming’. The essay reevaluates sacramentality, shifting from establishing unity to emphasizing the mysterious and uncontrollable. By employing ‘negative work’, and analysing its implications for the understanding of sacramentality and communion, it explores a church as oriented towards transformation and ‘negative’ participation.
An Analysis of the Law Governing Enforceability of the Reports of the Controller and Auditor General in Tanzania
Authors: Marwa Ryoba 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Auditing public entities is crucial in ensuring that accountability, and transparency in the management of public resources. The paper examines whether there are any weaknesses in the laws weakening the implementation and enforceability of the CAG’s Reports in Tanzania. The findings indicate that the Government of Tanzania has consistently demonstrated a lack of effectiveness in implementing the reports given by CAG, leading to repeated mismanagement of public monies and other resources inside public entities. It is submitted that the amendment of the law regulating the functioning of the CAG is inevitable in order to enhance the enforcement of the Controller and Auditor General ‘s Reports. This paper argues that if the Annual General Report on the audit of Public Authorities, which highlights inefficiencies in the management of public institutions as reported by the Controller and Auditor General, is not implemented and enforced, the audit reports remain meaningless.
A “Question of National Honour” – Status Concerns in Tanzania’s Response to the Invasion by Uganda in 1978
Authors: Kweka Dastan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Tanzania’s response to the invasion by Uganda in 1978 reveals a puzzle that previous scholars of the subject have overlooked. The country resorted to a full-scale war against Uganda, even after recovering its territory, and chose such a costly option when its economy was in a dire situation. Previous scholars emphasised security and revenge as the key motives underpinning the response. This paper, which is based on key informant interviews and archival research, argues that the counterintuitive nature of the response can only be sufficiently understood by factoring in the country’s sensitivity to status transgressions in its first two decades of independence. The invasion by Uganda took place against the backdrop of a state increasingly sensitive to its standing. This paper uses the status-dissatisfaction theory to argue that the response was informed not only by the national security logic, but also the need to defend the country’s status.
Optionality and paradigmaticity
Authors: JENNY Mathias , TIN Han , WEYMUTH Rachel , HERDEG Alexandra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Zooming in from the grand-scale descriptions of the Mainland Southeast Asian convergence area, this paper focuses on Htanaw, an Austroasiatic language in Myanmar’s Shan State. Close contact with Burmese/Intha, Pa’O, and Shan led to a restructuring of Htanaw, exemplified here by the verb phrase, which exhibits an intriguing mixture of (isolating) Austroasiatic and (morphologically complex) Tibeto-Burman features. The Htanaw VP is internally complex with optional bound morphemes expressing grammatical and semantic categories. Based on original fieldwork data and available published material, this study presents the dynamics of the Htanaw verb phrase patterns and puts them in an areal typological perspective.
The Enchanted Gaze: Modification of Butterfly Eyespots in Flemish Art
Authors: Simbula Giulia , Zingaro Vincenzo , Portera Mariagrazia , Dapporto Leonardo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As shown by Palaeolithic cave paintings, animals were the first subjects that humans began to depict and recall in their imagination, not solely for their utilitarian function. Some animals, due to distinctive morphological features, appear to have captured our ancestors’ attention in a special way. This is the case of animals with eye-like patterns, which have been reproduced in multiple ways and contexts throughout human history. This paper examines how Flemish artists have depicted a particular example of eye-like patterns, the eyespots on the wings of Aglais io butterflies, to understand whether these artists attributed any particular relevance to the eyespots. Modifications were identified by comparing 51 images of A. io specimens with 50 depicted ones by means of geometric morphometric using 34 landmarks and 12 semi-landmarks. Generally, eyespots resulted to be located towards the interior of the wing, enabling us to discriminate 92% of depicted A. io from real images. This tendency is in line with the observer centre bias but, in this case, applied to the production of pictorial images rather than to their visual fruition, and which might be called ‘a shifting location bias’. Moreover, the eyespots’ size was depicted with accuracy and minimal variation among painters, while the outline of the wings appeared to be subject to considerable artistic freedom. Overall, these findings highlight the importance attributed by the artists to the eyespots, sustaining the hypothesis concerning the salience of this feature in attracting human attention.
Compassionate Occupation: Yongzheng’s Purposes for Relocating the Qing Garrison Away from Lhasa
Authors: Eijk Juul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
At the Kangxi emperor’s command, Qing troops occupied Lhasa in 1720. The Yongzheng emperor withdrew them shortly after his accession. This apparent reversal of Kangxi’s policy toward Tibet has been characterized as rushed and ill-considered. Yet, in his edict sent to inform the Dalai lama of the garrison’s relocation, Yongzheng stressed that his decision was meant as a continuation of his father’s intentions toward Tibet. Focusing on the emperor’s consideration for popular support and different strategies of Qing control, this paper argues that Yongzheng’s decision was aimed at preserving a strategy originating in the 1690s, aimed at routing power away from the position of the Dalai lama, by the gradual inclusion of local elites of the Khoshud-Tibetan state into the Qing hierarchy, with the goal of extending Qing control over Tibet. The relocation of the garrison was a prerequisite to the continuation of Kangxi’s policy, rather than its abrogation.