bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lead (II) Pollution Enhances the Binding of Transgenic Toxin in Brown and Red Soils: Equilibrium and Kinetics
Authors: Zhou Xueyong , Liu Huifen , Lu Xianzhi , Shi Lili , Hao Jianchao 
Published: September 2013

AbstractGenetically modified crops, which produce insecticidal toxins fromBacillus thuringiensis(Bt), release the toxins into soils. Although the phenomena of persistence and degradation ofBttoxins have been documented, the effect of heavy metals on the fate of these toxins in soil has not yet been elucidated. The effect of Pb(II) on the adsorption behaviors ofBttoxin in brown and red soil was investigated. With the increase of Pb(II) concentration, the adsorption ofBttoxin in brown and red soil increased. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models gave better fitting to the experimental equilibrium data. Values ofKL,KFandnincreased butRLdecreased with the increase of Pb(II) concentration, showing that the Pb(II) promoted the adsorption ofBttoxin in soils. The mean free energy of adsorption (E) ranged from 10.43 to 16.44 kJ mol−1may correspond to a chemical ion-exchange mechanism. Three kinds of kinetic models, the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion model, were used to test the experimental data. The results showed that the adsorption ofBttoxin by brown and red soil followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The addition of Pb(II) during the adsorption led to a decrease of the desorption ofBttoxin from soils, indicating that the residual risk ofBttoxin may become larger if soil is polluted by lead.
Preparation and characterization of modified chitosan for in vitro controlled release of vitamin B12
Authors: Awadallah-F Ahmed , Mostafa Tahia B. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile and acryloyl chloride on to chitosan was prepared by γ-rays. Optimization of the grafting (%) was studied. The grafting (%) was observed to increase with increase in the irradiation dose and monomer concentration. The grafting percentages were about 52% and 36% from polyacrylonitrile and poly(acryloyl chloride), respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the specimens. The modified chitosan was loaded with vitamin B12, demonstrated nearly 5.0±2.3% and 50.1±4.5% release in the media of pH 1.2 and 6.8, respectively, for amidoximated chitosan-grafted polyacrylonitrile and 3.6±1.1% and 36±2.4% in pH 1.2 and 6.8, respectively, for chitosan-grafted poly(acryloyl chloride), as determined by a traditional dissolution model. The modified chitosan specimens that uploaded with vitamin B12 displayed a more decremental release in the acidic medium than the neutral one. However, in order to incorporate in vivo gastrointestinal conditions, such as acidic pH and high water content in the stomach, low water content, and the presence of semi-solid mass in the large intestine, a new model, called flow through diffusion cell, was also used to study the drug release. The results of the two approaches produced different release profiles at the same pH values.
Hippocampal Hyperexcitability Underlies Enhanced Fear Memories in TgNTRK3, a Panic Disorder Mouse Model
Authors: Santos Mónica , D'Amico Davide , Spadoni Ornella , Amador-Arjona Alejandro , Stork Oliver , Dierssen Mara 
Published: September 2013

Panic attacks are a hallmark in panic disorder (PAND). During the panic attack, a strong association with the surrounding context is established suggesting that the hippocampus may be critically involved in the pathophysiology of PAND, given its role in contextual processing. We previously showed that variation in the expression of the neurotrophin tyrosine kinase receptor type 3 (NTRK3) in both PAND patients and a transgenic mouse model (TgNTRK3) may have a role in PAND pathophysiology.Our study examines hippocampal function and activation of the brain fear network in TgNTRK3mice. TgNTRK3mice showed increased fear memories accompanied by impaired extinction, congruent with an altered activation pattern of the amygdala—hippocampus—medial prefrontal cortex fear circuit. Moreover, TgNTRK3mice also showed an unbalanced excitation-to-inhibition ratio in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 3 (CA3)–CA1 subcircuit toward hyperexcitability. The resulting hippocampal hyperexcitability underlies the enhanced fear memories, as supported by the efficacy of tiagabine, a GABA reuptake inhibitor, to rescue fear response.The fearful phenotype appears to be the result of hippocampal hyperexcitability and aberrant fear circuit activation. We conclude thatNTRK3plays a role in PAND by regulating hippocampus-dependent fear memories.
Changes in Grafted Autogenous Bone during Edgewise Treatment in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip/Palate or Alveolus
Authors: Maeda Aya , Uehara Sawako , Suga Mayu , Nishihara Kazuhide , Nakamura Norifumi , Miyawaki Shouichi 
Published: September 2013

Objective To examine the changes in autogenous bone from 6 to 12 months after alveolar bone grafting (ABG) (T1) through completion of edgewise treatment (T2). Design Retrospective longitudinal study. Setting Multidisciplinary long-term follow-up at Kagoshima University Hospital. Patients Forty-three patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate or alveolus. Main Outcome Measures At T1 and T2, the bone bridge and quantity of grafted bone were evaluated using the Chelsea scale and the ABG scale. The cleft-adjacent tooth angles before ABG and at T2, as well as the number of orthodontic space closures, were examined. Patients were classified as having either adequate (type A or C; adequate group) or poor bone bridges (type B, D, E, or F; poor group) by the assessment at T1. Results At T1, the ABG scores for the cleft-adjacent central incisor side of patients in the adequate group were higher than those of patients in the poor group ( P < .001). At T2, the adequate group had higher ABG scores for the cleft-adjacent central incisor side ( P = .022) and the canine sides ( P = .034). No significant differences in tooth angles or the number of orthodontic space closures were noted between the groups. Conclusions These results suggest that the quantity of grafted bone in the cleft-adjacent central incisor at 6 to 12 months post-ABG may be an indicator of the quantity of grafted bone that will be present after edgewise treatment.
Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge: overview of the French situation
Authors: Reverdy A. L. , Dieudé-Fauvel E. , Ferstler V. , Baudez J. C. 
Published: September 2013

Following the French environmental national debate, called ‘Grenelle de l'Environnement’ and according to the Kyoto Protocol, France looks at increasing its production of renewable energies, among them biogas production from organic wastes and more specifically from sewage sludge.
A quick survey of official data shows that in 2009, sludge biogas only represented 0.93% of the total renewable electricity production, far from the situation in the neighbourhood countries.
To understand this situation, this article aims at inventorying sludge anaerobic digestion process, in Europe then more precisely in France. The different technologies used to perform anaerobic digestion process have been investigated, including the type of waste, pre-treatments, digester specificities, mixing and heating systems.
In France, a survey has been realised to determine the situation for wastewater treatments plants bigger than 30,000 equivalent inhabitants. Mesophilic digestion in a constantly mixed reactor is mainly used. Moreover, some plants have given specific details about the cost of the process or its efficiency. These results are discussed.
A new approach for reducing diffuse agricultural pollution in water supply ponds
Authors: Berne André 
Published: September 2013

Preserving the quality of raw water for drinking likely to be affected by diffuse pollution in water supply ponds (WSPs) is a major public health issue.
We must therefore implement efficient and sustainable technical measures that guarantee the long-term protection of this resource. Such measures can prove to be a considerable constraint for farm managers and farm owners. It is consequently absolutely necessary that the compensation provided for is in line with these constraints. High stakes and high constraints must result in high compensation. The catchment protection perimeter tool, reviewed and enlarged to encompass up to 100% of the WSP, renewed and in-depth dialogue based on solid technical and economic studies and a new compensation method established from the principle of discounted loss capitalisation over a duration equal to the lease, are all new and promising tools to solve this essential problem for sustainable development throughout the territory and to preserve the health of its population.
Magnetic Properties of Co-Fe Nanowires Electrodeposited in Pores of Alumina Membrane
Authors: Dobosz I. , Gumowska W. , Czapkiewicz M. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The nanowires of Co66-Fe34 alloy were obtained in the process of the electrodeposition in the pores of alumina membrane. With the use of the X-ray diffraction analysis the structure of cobalt-iron alloy wires was determined. The wires have the regular Body Centred Cubic structure (BCC). The influence of membrane parameters, an external magnetic field, and the annealing temperature on the magnetic properties of alloy wires was investigated. The obtained nanowires show a high shape anisotropy in the direction perpendicular to the membrane surface of anodic alumina. It was found that the highest influence on the magnetic properties of the wires has their geometry (height, diameter, and the distance between them). The use of an external magnetic field directed perpendicular to the sample surface during the electrodeposition process and additional thermal treatment (annealing) causes a slight increase of the coercive field, remanence, and volume energy density.
Residual Stress Analysis of Insulation Coatings for Magnet Technologies
Authors: Guney D. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
High temperature MgO-ZrO2 insulation coatings were grown on long-length Stainless-Steel (SS) tapes by reel-to-reel sol-gel method for applications of High Temperature Superconductor/Low Temperature Superconductor (HTS/LTS) coils and magnets. The residual stresses were investigated analytically at various temperature ranges, 580°C to 25°C (room temperature) and -196°C (liquid helium temperature), and 630°C to 25°C and -196°C for different thicknesses to be 13, 12, and 7 μm. The maximum stress values were obtained to be 1.92 GPa in tension for SS substrate with the 13 μm coating and -2.42 GPa in compression for the 7 μm MgO-ZrO2 coating in the temperature range between 630°C and liquid helium temperature. The surface morphologies and microstructure of sample were also characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM observations revealed that MgO-ZrO2 coatings have a mosaic like crack structure.
Analysis of Problems Occured During Welding of New Genreation Bainitic Steel 7CrMoVTiB10-10 (T24)
Authors: Urzynicok M. , Kwieciński K. , Słania J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A dynamic development of steels for components for usc boilers used in fossil fired power plants creates new welding problems. Introduction of new combinations of alloying agents, which are used to improve mechanical properties, especially creep resistance, does not remain indifferent as to the weldability of the newest steels. Every new steel grade which will be used for pressure components in power plants boilers has to be precisely tested. The most important processes that require profound research are bending and welding. It is crucial to examine all new steel grades and use the knowledge to elaborate technologies which could be used during prefabrication and assembly of boiler installations. As an example 7CrMoVTiB10-10 also known as T/P24 is given.
Microstructure and Oxidation Resistance of an Aluminide Coating on the Nickel Based Superalloy Mar M247 Deposited by the CVD Aluminizing Process
Authors: Zielińska M. , Zagula-Yavorska M. , Sieniawski J. , Filip R. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
An investigation was conducted to synthesize βNiAl coating on the nickel based superalloy Mar M247 in a chemical vapor deposition process (CVD). The low activity process of aluminizing was carried out for 8 hours at the temperature 1050°C. Surface morphology and cross-section microstructure of the diffusion coating were studied and compared by using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy and an X-ray diffractometer. It was found that aluminide coating with the thickness of 37 μm consisted of two layers: an outer one and the inner interdiffusion one. The outer layer consists of single phase βNiAl. The inner one, consisted of βNiAl phase and carbides: MC and M23C6 types which were originally present in the substrate. Cyclic oxidation test was performed at 1000°C for 1000h in the air atmosphere. The aluminized samples exhibited a small mass increase and the α- Al2O3 oxide formed during oxidation test had a good adherence to the coating. The decrease of aluminum content in the coating with the prolongation of the oxidation time and the phase transformation of βNiAl to γ’ Ni3Al and to γNi solid solution were observed. The samples without the coating showed a strong mass decrease in comparison to the coated samples.
Kinetic Study of The Photoelectrochemical Gold Recovery from Diluted Chloride Solutions
Authors: Wojnicki M. , Tokarski T. , Kwolek P. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Au(III) was recovered from an acidic aqueous solution via a photoreduction technique under UV light irradiation. Titanium dioxide nanopowder was applied as a photocatalyst. Gold was deposited onto TiO2 surface in the form of nanoparticles with average dimensions between 20 and 30 nm. The influence of the Au(III), TiO2 and methanol initial concentrations on the reaction rate was determined. It was shown, that the rate of the gold photoreduction strongly depends on the concentration of TiO2 and methanol. The recovery of gold from the diluted acidic solutions containing as much as 1.97 and 0.197 mg/dm3 of Au(III) was also carried out. Obtained results suggest, that it is possible to recover about 45% of gold. Besides the losses during the filtration process due to the application of very fine TiO2 particles, oxygen dissolved in the solution as well as the hydrogen ions may take part in parasitic reactions and thus decrease the Au yield.
Complex Numerical Analysis of the Tube Forming Process Using Diescher Mill
Authors: Pater Z. , Kazanecki J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper presents the results of FEM simulations of the rotary piercing process in which disc guiding devices of the Diescher type are used. During this process the material is formed by means of two skew rolls, two guiding devices, and the piercing plug mounted on the mandrel. The aim of the analysis was to determine the effect of the plug diameter, the plug advance, the feed angle and the diameter reduction on the piercing process. Nine cases of piercing with three different plugs used were analyzed. The effects of the basic process parameters on the tube shell diameter and the tool load were analyzed. The numerical results obtained using Simufact.Forming 10.0 were verified under experimental conditions in which the tube shell made from 100Cr6 bearing steel was pierced. The results of the FEM calculations show agreement with the experimental results.
Determination of Stress Values Based on Calculation of Photoelastic Constants on the Example of the Sub-Frame Connection with the Hull in a Small Training Aircraft
Authors: Czaja J. , Bernaczek J. , Śliwa R. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The above paper presents the example of sub-frame connections with the hull in a small training aircraft and the results of the analysis of a selected connection using the method of reflected light. The connection model was subjected to the loads similar to those existing in a structure using various materials of the connection. Thus, photoelastic deformation image, showing the load applied on the joint was obtained. Then, for the materials used in the model, photoelastic constants were determined, which were used to estimate the stress values in the model. The analysis allowed us to determine the effect of kind and features ( mainly hardness) of the used material pads, on mechanical behavior of the elements of joint.
Computer System for Identification of Material Models on the Basis of Plastometric Tests
Authors: Rauch L. , Sztangret L. , Pietrzyk M. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The paper describes the hybrid computer system dedicated to identification of models of materials subjected to thermomechanical processing. The functionalities of the system consist of plastometric tests data processing and application of the inverse analysis. The latter functionality is realized unconventionally, instead of the finite element method the metamodel is implemented using artificial neural network. The metamodels, used for simulations of the plastometric tests, are imported to the proposed computer system as external plugins, what guarantees flexibility and possibility of further development. On the other hand, application of rich optimization libraries assures the best possible solution of the problem. Basic principles of the inverse analysis with metamodels and mentioned optimization procedures are described in the paper. Selected examples of identification of models for various metallic materials recapitulate the paper.
Optimisation of the Deoxidation Degree and Modification on the Cast Steel Properties Improvement at Low Temperature
Authors: Sierant Z. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Industrial conditions of obtaining thick-walled and shaped castings intended for operations at temperatures: minus 40÷60°C are presented in the paper. The selection of a cast steel grade is based on known studies [1,10,14], however due to castings wall thickness (70-240mm), the way of preparing liquid metal (deep deoxidation and modification, argon stirring in a ladle) and conditions of filling mould cavities (gating system assuring quiet filling, directional solidification and avoiding a formation of inessential heat centres), were developed to assure the required impact strength. Maintaining these parameters as well as the selection of heat treatments for the produced massive castings allowed to achieve the impact strength over 50 J/cm2 at minus 40°. This value was obtained for walls of various thickness
Simulation of Solidification Conditions in High Quality Castings for Mining Industry
Authors: Głownia J. , Koshal D. , Skoczylas R. , Sobula S. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
To obtain a right casting methoding of a yoke used in mining industry, a computer simulation of filling of mould cavity as well as casting solidification has been applied. Analysis of the casting solidification showed, that an initial casting methoding, based on common foundry practice, had to be changed. An initial bottom gating system was changed into a side-bottom one, what allowed smooth filling of mould cavity. Modified risering system enabled proper feeding of the casting. Ensuring high quality casting enable to substitute parts manufactured by forging
Wear Resistance of Graphitized Steels
Authors: Byelikov S. , Volchok I. , Akimov I. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Heat-treated graphitized steels with different carbon, silicon and copper contents have been the object of study. The influence of the composition on the structure and wear resistance (weight loss of the specimen) of graphitized steels (after hardening and tempering) under the conditions of metal to metal dry sliding friction with the use of Amsler-type friction machines, has been investigated in this work. Research results have shown that the main factors affecting wear resistance of graphitized steels have been not only their metal base hardness, but the quantity, shape and distribution of graphite inclusions uniformity in the structure of such steels as well. A regression dependence of the quantity of specimen’s weight loss on carbon, silicon and copper content has been obtained in the work. The highest wear resistance was pertained by the steel having the following content: 1.60. . . 1.70%C; 2.20. . . 2.30%Si; 0.80. . . 0.90%Cu; 0.60. . . 0.70%Mn; 0.15. . . 0.18%Cr; 0.22. . . 0.25%Al; up to 0.015%S and 0.024%P.
Quantitative and Qualitative Methods for Evaluation of Measurement Signals on the Example of Vibration Signals Analysis from the Corps of Prototype Reclaimer Regmas
Authors: Kowal J. , Dańko J. , Stojek J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The article presents examples of vibration signals analysis derived from the research of prototype reclaimer REGMAS. After the division of the time-frequency analysis methods of measuring signals, their non-parametric and parametric models were estimated. At the end of the article the summary and conclusions were set.
Wear Resistance of 18%Cr-9%Ni Steel Used for Cast Parts of Pumps Operating in Corrosive – Erosive Environments
Authors: Kalandyk B. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper presents the results of experimental studies, the main aim of which has been to demonstrate that changes in the microstructure of austenitic 18%Cr-9%Ni cast steel provoked by the addition of 1.4% boron, and boron with titanium, give increased wear resistance. After melting the high-alloyed 18%Cr-9%Ni cast steel with an addition of boron, and boron with titanium, metallographic examinations were conducted using light microscopy and SEM. These examinations revealed in the austenitic structure of the 18%Cr-9%Ni cast steel, the presence of a eutectic rich in boron and chromium, and characterised by a microhardness of 1838-1890 μ HV20. Additionally, in the cast steel inoculated with boron and titanium, the presence of titanium nitride precipitates was observed. Changes that have occurred in the microstructure as a result of introducing the additions of boron, and boron with titanium, also caused an increase of the cast steel hardness from 212 HV30 to 290-320 HV30 and 320-350 HV30, respectively. To determine the abrasive wear resistance, 16-hour Miller test was performed (ASTM G 75-07), wherein the abrasive medium was a mixture of SiC and water. Obtaining the hard, rich in boron and chromium, eutectic and titanium nitride precipitates in the structure of 18%Cr-9%Ni cast steel increased the abrasive wear resistance by approximately 21%, according to the data recorded in the sixteenth hour of the test cycle. As an additional benchmark point for the results obtained served the wear resistant, structural, L35GSM steel used for castings working in difficult conditions. Comparing the values of abrasive wear resistance obtained for the 18%Cr-9%Ni cast steel and cast L35GSM steel, an increase in the wear resistance of the 18%Cr-9%Ni cast steel by about 35% has been proved.
Trends in the Development of High-Aluminium Zinc Alloys of Stable Structure and Properties
Authors: Krajewski W.K. , Greer A.L. , Krajewski P.K. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
properties and structural stability. In a series of studies, Zn - (25-26) wt.% Al - (1-2.5) wt.% Cu alloys have been doped with different levels of added Ti. The alloys’ structure and mechanical properties have been studied using: SEM (scanning electron microscopy), LM (light microscopy), Dilatometry, Pin-on-Disc wear and Strength measurements. Grain refinement leads to significant improvement of ductility in the binary Zn-25Al alloy. In the ternary alloys Zn-26Al-Cu, replacing a part of Cu with Ti allows dimensional changes to be reduced while preserving good tribological properties.