bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the age of healthy infants from quantitative myelin water fraction maps
Authors: Dean Douglas C. , O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Dirks Holly , Waskiewicz Nicole , Lehman Katie , Walker Lindsay , Piryatinsky Irene , Deoni Sean C.L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe trajectory of the developing brain is characterized by a sequence of complex, nonlinear patterns that occur at systematic stages of maturation. Although significant prior neuroimaging research has shed light on these patterns, the challenge of accurately characterizing brain maturation, and identifying areas of accelerated or delayed development, remains. Altered brain development, particularly during the earliest stages of life, is believed to be associated with many neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this work, we develop a framework to construct voxel‐wise estimates of brain age based on magnetic resonance imaging measures sensitive to myelin content. 198 myelin water fraction (VFM) maps were acquired from healthy male and female infants and toddlers, 3 to 48 months of age, and used to train a sigmoidal‐based maturational model. The validity of the approach was then established by testing the model on 129 different VFM datasets. Results revealed the approach to have high accuracy, with a mean absolute percent error of 13% in males and 14% in females, and high predictive ability, with correlation coefficients between estimated and true ages of 0.945 in males and 0.94 in females. This work represents a new approach toward mapping brain maturity, and may provide a more faithful staging of brain maturation in infants beyond chronological or gestation‐corrected age, allowing earlier identification of atypical regional brain development. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1233–1244, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interaction of 1,3,2,4‐Benzodithiadiazines with Aromatic Phosphines and Phosphites
Authors: Grayfer Tatiana D. , Makarov Alexander Yu. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu. , Irtegova Irina G. , Gatilov Yuri V. , Zibarev Andrey V. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough an interaction between hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon 1,3,2,4‐benzodithiadiazines (1 ) and P(C6H5)3 continuously produces chiral 1,2,3‐benzodithiadiazol‐2‐yl iminophosporanes (2; in this work, 5,7‐difluoro derivative 2a ) via 1:1 condensation, an interaction between 1 and other PR3 reagents gives different products. With R  OC6H5 and both hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon 1, only X=P(OC6H5)3 (X = S, O) were identified in the complex reaction mixtures by 13С and 31Р NMR and GC‐MS. With R = C6F5, no interaction with the archetypal 1 was observed but catalytic addition of atmospheric water to the heterocycle afforded 2‐amino‐N‐sulfinylbenzenesulfenamide (4 ). With electrophilic B(C6F5)3 instead of nucleophilic P(C6F5)3, only adduct H3N→B(C6F5)3 and a new polymorph of C6F5B(OH)2 were isolated and identified by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). A molecular structure of 2a was confirmed by XRD, and the π‐stacked orientation of one of phenyl groups and heterocyclic moiety was observed. This structure is in general agreement with that calculated at the RI‐MP2 level of theory, as well as at three different levels of DFT theory with the PBE and B3LYP functionals. Mild thermolysis of 2a in a dilute decane solution gave persistent 5,7‐difluoro‐1,2,3‐benzodithiazolyl (3a ) identified by EPR in combination with DFT calculations.
Modulation of hepatic lipid metabolism by olive oil and its phenols in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Priore Paola , Cavallo Alessandro , Gnoni Antonio , Damiano Fabrizio , Gnoni Gabriele V. , Siculella Luisa 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common chronic liver disease in western countries, being considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Cumulative lines of evidence suggest that olive oil, used as primary source of fat by Mediterranean populations, may play a key role in the observed health benefits on NAFLD. In this review, we summarize the state of the art of the knowledge on the protective role of both major and minor components of olive oil on lipid metabolism during NAFLD. In particular, the biochemical mechanisms responsible for the increase or decrease in hepatic lipid content are critically analyzed, taking into account that several studies have often provided different and/or conflicting results in animal models fed on olive oil‐enriched diet. In addition, new findings that highlight the hypolipidemic and the antisteatotic actions of olive oil phenols are presented. As mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, the targeting of these organelles with olive oil phenols as a powerful therapeutic approach is also discussed. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(1):9–17, 2015
PROGRESSIVE MATRICES: AN EXPERIMENTAL, DEVELOPMENTAL, NONFACTORIAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Jacobs Paul I. , Vandeventer Mary 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe Coloured Progressive Matrices Test (CPM), which is intended to measure inductive reasoning ability, has been reported to correlate .91 with WISC Full Scale IQ. Each item of the CPM Test displays a pattern with a section missing; below it are six response alternatives, one of which would correctly complete the pattern. In a previous study, remedial self‐instructional training led to item‐specific and temporary increases on the CPM Test scores of first‐graders.In the present study, new and presumably better self‐instructional sequences were used with both first‐ and third‐grade Ss. Trained Ss did no better than control Ss on a CPM posttest. The test, however, appeared to confound “pure” inductive ability with ability to imagine how a response alternative would look if inserted into the pattern. A new test format was developed to eliminate the role of the latter ability by having S judge the correctness of already completed patterns. Dramatic increases in test scores were found. Apparently the advantage of two years' mental growth that third‐graders have over first‐graders on the conventionally adminstered CPM derives in large part from improved power of imagining how a distractor would look in a new location, rather than of inductive reasoning ability.The new test format also showed that Ss were significantly better able to accept correctly completed than to reject incorrectly completed matrices. Among first‐graders, this tendency was significantly stronger for trained than for control Ss.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SEVERAL PROGRAMMED TESTING METHODS
Authors: Linn Robert L. , Rock Donald A. , Cleary T. Anne 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTSeven programmed test procedures were developed and investigated using existing data on 190 verbal‐type items for 4,885 students. Tests were scored as if the student had taken items in the order implied by the test. Shortened conventional tests were also scored for comparative purposes. The criteria against which these procedures were evaluated were the 190‐item total test score and four outside criterion tests.Against the criterion of reproducing the 190‐item total test score in the cross‐validation sample the programmed tests were found to he only slightly superior to the shortened conventional tests. However, the programmed tests had correlations with the outside criterion tests that were substantially higher than the corresponding shortened conventional tests. It was estimated that a test which was parallel to the 190‐item total test would have to be 3.36 times as long as the best programmed test to have an equal median correlation with the outside criterion tests.
FINANCIAL AID AWARDS OF HIGH SCHOOL SENIORS IN THE NORTHEASTERN STATES AS A FUNCTION OF SOCIOECONOMIC CLASS1
Authors: Schlekat George A. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe study analyzes the relationship between socioeconomic status of financial aid applicants and college practices in distributing aid, taking account of measured academic ability and financial need.Five socioeconomic classes are distinguished, ranging from upper to lower; colleges are grouped according to source of control, type of student body, and type of institution; and awards are classified in seven combinations of grant, loan, and job. The study is limited to the Northeastern area of the United States, where the Scholastic Aptitude Test is predominantly used as a basis for college admission and financial aid decisions.Socioeconomic status was determined from variables extracted from approximately 16,000 Parents' Confidential Statements, randomly selected from files accumulated during the 1964‐65 academic year. One thousand colleges returned 19,131 usable questionnaires. Award offers were made to 6,579 of the applications represented by the questionnaires and were included in the analysis.Results of analyses of variance and covariance procedures indicate that there is no straightforward answer to the question of whether socioeconomic classes are treated differently. In some ways upper classes receive preferential treatment, apparently because of superior test scores; lower classes are treated better in other ways, partly because of their poverty.It may be said that lower‐class applicants have a better chance of receiving aid, and in larger amounts, than their upper‐class peers. But their awards more often consist of loans and jobs rather than outright grants which are more frequently awarded to the upper‐class applicant. Thus, the upper socioeconomic classes are more likely to graduate from college with less indebtedness than lower classes, who not only mortgage their future more heavily but are also required to devote more of their free time to gainful employment.
THE ROLE OF AFFECT IN SHORT‐TERM MEMORY FOR PAIRED ASSOCIATES1
Authors: Nodine Calvin F. , Korn James H. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTShort‐term memory (STM) in a “minimal” paired‐associate (PA) task was investigated by presenting Ss with two successive picture‐trigram (Exp. 1) or picture‐letter (Exp. 2) PA units. Affective content of one stimulus term was pleasant (P) and the other was unpleasant (U). After either a 3‐, 9‐, or 15‐sec retention interval, during which Ss engaged in number tracking, one of the two PA units was tested for recall. Recall of U units was inferior to P units for both response classes. However, with letters recall of P was higher than U at immediate recall (3 sec.), but affect did not differentially influence recall at 9 and 15 sec. With trigrams, differential recall extended from 3‐15 sec., but differences between P and U were attenuated. These findings suggest that the differential influence of affect on STM varies directly with task difficulty, represented in the PA task by differences in response availability.
CHILDREN'S SOCIAL SENSITIVITY AND THE RELATIONSHIP TO INTERPERSONAL COMPETENCE, INTRAPERSONAL COMFORT AND INTELLECTUAL LEVEL
Authors: Rothenberg Barbara B. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTA method of measuring children's social sensitivity is described and the relationship between social sensitivity and certain variables hypothesized as important in its development is investigated. Using a series of four tape recordings depicting two adults in happy, angry, anxious, and sad interactions, social sensitivity was assessed in third and fifth grade children. Age, intellectual ability and interpersonal adjustment contributed most to the development of accurate social perceptions. Surprisingly, there were no significant effects on social sensitivity due to sex, ordinal position, or size of family.
CHOICE OF TEST LENGTH AND SAMPLE SIZE TO MAXIMIZE POWER OF A STATISTICAL TEST FOR A GIVEN COST1
Authors: Linn Robert L. , Cleary T. Anne 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe effect of reliability of the dependent variable on the power of an F test for a one‐way analysis of variance is considered. Using the assumptions of classical test theory and a simple cost model, three methods of determining the optimum allocation of resources to test length and sample size are compared. The methods vary in accuracy, but all three have potential use for practical problems.
DEVELOPMENT OF NATIVE LANGUAGE SKILLS BEYOND THE EARLY YEARS
Authors: Carroll John B. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThis chapter, prepared for a volume on Language Learning to be published by the National Council of Teachers of English, is a review of the development of language competence and performance skills beyond the years of primary language acquisition, i.e., from about the first grade on. First, development of specific skills relating to phonology, syntax, and vocabulary is reviewed, and then attention shifts to the development of “integrated skills”: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Emphasis is put on identifying dimensions of individual differences in rates of growth and development. Although a substantial degree of basic competence in the rules of the native language is attained by the normal child at school entry age, development is by no means complete at that time. In many aspects of language skill, development continues throughout the years of schooling and to a lesser extent throughout adult life In adult populations, there are enormous individual differences in nearly all aspects of language skill. Gaps in our knowledge of factors in development are pointed out
ATTITUDES AND SECONDARY SCHOOL BACKGROUNDS OF CATHOLICS ENTERING COLLEGE
Authors: Hartnett Rodney T. , Centra John A. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to compare Catholic freshmen enrolled at Catholic and non‐Catholic colleges who, in turn, had graduated from Catholic or non‐Catholic secondary schools. The sample consisted of 1,700 men from six Catholic and seven non‐Catholic colleges. Attitudes, background characteristics, and reasons for choice of college were examined by means of the College Student QuestionnaireS, Part 1, in order to investigate the conclusion of recent research that cumulative formal Catholic education produced adults who were not only more religious but whose attitudes reflected more social concern. Differences on the Social Conscience scale, however, suggested that students who chose a Catholic college already reflected more social concern. Other similarities and differences are also discussed.
In situ vascularization of injectable fibrin/poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels by human amniotic fluid‐derived stem cells
Authors: Benavides Omar M. , Brooks Abigail R. , Cho Sung Kyung , Petsche Connell Jennifer , Ruano Rodrigo , Jacot Jeffrey G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOne of the greatest challenges in regenerative medicine is generating clinically relevant engineered tissues with functional blood vessels. Vascularization is a key hurdle faced in designing tissue constructs larger than the in vivo limit of oxygen diffusion. In this study, we utilized fibrin‐based hydrogels to serve as a foundation for vascular formation, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to modify fibrinogen and increase scaffold longevity, and human amniotic fluid‐derived stem cells (AFSC) as a source of vascular cell types (AFSC‐EC). AFSC hold great potential for use in regenerative medicine strategies, especially those involving autologous congenital applications, and we have shown previously that AFSC‐seeded fibrin‐PEG hydrogels have the potential to form three‐dimensional vascular‐like networks in vitro. We hypothesized that subcutaneously injecting these hydrogels in immunodeficient mice would both induce a fibrin‐driven angiogenic host response and promote in situ AFSC‐derived neovascularization. Two weeks postinjection, hydrogels were sectioned, and the following was demonstrated: the average maximum invasion distance of host murine cells into the subcutaneous fibrin/PEG scaffold was 147 ± 90 µm after 1 week and 395 ± 138 µm after 2 weeks; the average number of cell‐lined lumen per square millimeter was significantly higher in hydrogels seeded with stem cells or cocultures containing stem cells (MSC, 36.5 ± 11.4; AFSC, 47.0 ± 18.9; AFSC/AFSC‐EC, 32.8 ± 11.6; and MSC/HUVEC, 43.1 ± 25.1) versus endothelial cell types alone (AFSC‐EC, 9.7 ± 6.1; HUVEC, 14.2 ± 8.8); and a subset of these lumen were characterized by the presence of red blood cells. Select areas of cell‐seeded hydrogels contained CD31+ lumen surrounded by α‐smooth muscle cell support cells, whereas control hydrogels with no cells only showed infiltration of α‐smooth muscle cell–positive host cells. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2645–2653, 2015.
Effect of microgrooved surface topography on osteoblast maturation and protein adsorption
Authors: De Luca Alba C. , Zink Mareike , Weidt Astrid , Mayr Stefan G. , Markaki Athina E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMicrogrooved surfaces have been used extensively to influence cell contact guidance. Guiding cell growth, extracellular matrix deposition, and mineralization is important for bone implant longevity. In this study, we investigated the osteoblast response to microgrooved metallic surfaces in serum‐supplemented medium. Groove spacing was comparable with the spread osteoblast size. Focal adhesions were observed to confine to the intervening ridge/groove boundaries. Osteoblasts bridged over the grooves and were unable to conform to the concave shape of the underlying grooves. Microgrooved surfaces induced higher osteoblast proliferation and metabolic activity after 14 days in osteogenic medium compared with as‐received surfaces, resulting in higher mineralization and alignment of cell‐secreted collagen after 28 days. To establish whether preferential cell attachment at the ridge/groove boundaries was influenced by the adhesion proteins contained in the serum‐supplemented media, fluorescently labeled fibronectin was adsorbed onto the microgrooved substrates at low concentrations, mimicking the concentrations found in blood serum. Fibronectin was found to selectively adsorb onto the ridge/groove boundaries, the osteoblast focal adhesion sites, suggesting that protein adsorption may have influenced the cell attachment pattern. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2689–2700, 2015.
Kinetic Energy Partition Method for Competing Modes
Authors: Mineo Hirobumi , Chao Sheng D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe present a new basis set expansion method for quantum dynamics systems with two competing modes where the interaction potentials are equally dominant. The new idea introduced here is a kinetic energy partition scheme instead of the usual division of the potential energy. The partition results in two kinetic energy terms with their effective masses. By distributing each partial kinetic energy to the respective potential, the full Hamiltonian can be expressed as the sum of the two competing modes. The solution procedure is illustrated by using a system consisting of a particle under the action of two harmonic potentials with different equilibrium distances and force constants. Next we apply this method to obtain the potential energy curves for the prototype hydrogen molecule ion. This new expansion converges very fast to the exact solutions for both eigenvalues and eigenfunctions.
Highly Selective Colorimetric Detection of Copper Ions Using Cysteamine Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Le , Yuan Zhiqin , Peng Xinkai , Li Lin , He Jiantai , Zhang Yangde 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this study, we designed a system of integrating gold nanoparticles and cysteamine to detect Cu2+ based on a colorimetric strategy. The quantified limit of detection towards Cu2+ is 0.4 µM, which is ∼50 times lower than the maximum contamination level (∼20 µM) in drinking water permitted by US environmental protection agency. The practicality of this system was further validated by detecting Cu2+ in different water samples.
A normal ovary in an abnormal location: A case of torsion
Authors: Otjen Jeffrey P , Stanescu Luana , Goldin Adam , Parisi Marguerite T 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe clinical and radiologic diagnosis of adnexal torsion is challenging. The patient's history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation may overlap significantly with other causes of abdominal pain. Ultrasound is the most common radiologic tool to assess for torsion, and the imaging findings can be equally equivocal. We present a case of adnexal torsion in an 18‐year‐old emergency room patient with abdominal pain, diagnosed by ultrasound based solely on an abnormal medial position of the ovary–a finding that has been only rarely mentioned in the literature, and never in isolation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43:578–580, 2015
Automatic and quantitative assessment of regional muscle volume by multi‐atlas segmentation using whole‐body water–fat MRI
Authors: Karlsson Anette , Rosander Johannes , Romu Thobias , Tallberg Joakim , Grönqvist Anders , Borga Magnus , Dahlqvist Leinhard Olof 
Published: January 2015

PurposeTo develop and demonstrate a rapid whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method for automatic quantification of total and regional skeletal muscle volume.Materials and MethodsThe method was based on a multi‐atlas segmentation of intensity corrected water–fat separated image volumes. Automatic lean muscle tissue segmentations were achieved by nonrigid registration of atlas datasets with 10 different manually segmented muscle groups. Ten subjects scanned at 1.5 T and 3.0 T were used as atlases, initial validation and optimization. Further validation used 11 subjects scanned at 3.0 T. The automated and manual segmentations were compared using intraclass correlation, true positive volume fractions, and delta volumes.ResultsFor the 1.5 T datasets, the intraclass correlation, true positive volume fractions (mean ± standard deviation, SD), and delta volumes (mean ± SD) were 0.99, 0.91 ± 0.02, −0.10 ± 0.70L (whole body), 0.99, 0.93 ± 0.02, 0.01 ± 0.07L (left anterior thigh), and 0.98, 0.80 ± 0.07, −0.08 ± 0.15L (left abdomen). The corresponding values at 3.0 T were 0.97, 0.92 ± 0.03, −0.17 ± 1.37L (whole body), 0.99, 0.93 ± 0.03, 0.03 ± 0.08L (left anterior thigh), and 0.89, 0.90 ± 0.04, −0.03 ± 0.42L (left abdomen). The validation datasets showed similar results.ConclusionThe method accurately quantified the whole‐body skeletal muscle volume and the volume of separate muscle groups independent of field strength and image resolution. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:1558–1569. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of tendon excursion velocity on longitudinal median nerve displacement: Differences between carpal tunnel syndrome patients and controls
Authors: Filius Anika , Thoreson Andrew R. , Wang Yuexiang , Passe Sandra M. , Zhao Chunfeng , An Kai‐Nan , Amadio Peter C. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT) is a viscoelastic structure connecting the median nerve (MN) and the flexor tendons in the carpal tunnel. Increased strain rates increases stiffness in viscoelastic tissues, and thereby its capacity to transfer shear load. Therefore, tendon excursion velocity may impact the MN displacement. In carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) the SSCT is fibrotic and may be ruptured, and this may affect MN motion. In this study, ultrasonography was performed on 14 wrists of healthy controls and 25 wrists of CTS patients during controlled finger motions performed at three different velocities. Longitudinal MN and tendon excursion were assessed using a custom speckle tracking algorithm and compared across the three different velocities. CTS patients exhibited significantly less MN motion than controls (p ≤ 0.002). While in general, MN displacement increased with increasing tendon excursion velocity (p ≤ 0.031). These findings are consistent with current knowledge of SSCT mechanics in CTS, in which in some patients the fibrotic SSCT appears to have ruptured from the tendon surface. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:483–487, 2015.