bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pages from a Yellow Press: Print Culture, Public Life and Political Genealogies in Modern Brazil
Authors: WOODARD JAMES P. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAn examination of the Brazilian newspaperO Combate, this article accomplishes four goals. First, it defines the politics of a periodical long cited but little understood by historians. Second, it documentsO Combate's place, alongside other ‘yellow press’ outlets, in the making of a ‘public sphere’ in São Paulo. Third, it situates the same publications' role in the bringing into being of a more commercial, publicity-driven press, which would shed the yellow press's radicalism and abet the collapse of the public sphere of its heyday. Fourth, it suggests thatO Combate's radical republicanism was one fount of the democratic radicalism of the late 1920s and early 1930s, as well as of the regionally chauvinist constitutionalism of 1932–7. In this rare application of the ‘public sphere’ idea to twentieth-century Brazil, readers may also detect an account closer to Jürgen Habermas’ original formulation than that found in the historiography of nineteenth-century Spanish America.
Contradictions of Green Development: Human Rights and Environmental Norms in Light of Belo Monte Dam Activism
Authors: BRATMAN EVE Z. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper offers a historical examination of the ways in which advocacy strategies and tactics have shifted in relation to political opportunities, using a case study of a hydroelectric dam project in the Brazilian Amazon, known as the Belo Monte Dam. Drawing on over three decades of resistance by transnational activist coalitions, the paper looks at how new tactics and political alignments have altered the dynamics of activism and norm diffusion in Brazilian domestic environmental, human rights and development policies. The paper argues that current theories of norm diffusion inadequately explain backslides and tend to underestimate the complexity of domestic political alignments. The case adds political insight to our understanding of the relationship of transnational advocacy strategy to environmental and human rights political realities in Brazil.
Protein kinase B (AKT1) genotype mediates sensitivity to cannabis-induced impairments in psychomotor control
Authors: Bhattacharyya S. , Iyegbe C. , Atakan Z. , Martin-Santos R. , Crippa J. A. , Xu X. , Williams S. , Brammer M. , Rubia K. , Prata D. , Collier D. A. , McGuire P. K. 
Published: April 2014

Background.What determines inter-individual variability to impairments in behavioural control that may underlie road-traffic accidents, and impulsive and violent behaviours occurring under the influence of cannabis, the most widely used illicit drug worldwide?Method.Employing a double-blind, repeated-measures design, we investigated the genetic and neural basis of variable sensitivity to cannabis-induced behavioural dyscontrol in healthy occasional cannabis users. Acute oral challenge with placebo or Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, was combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging, while participants performed a response inhibition task that involved inhibiting a pre-potent motor response. They were genotyped for rs1130233 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the protein kinase B (AKT1) gene.Results.Errors of inhibition were significantly (p = 0.008) increased following administration of THC in carriers of the A allele, but not in G allele homozygotes of theAKT1rs1130233 SNP. The A allele carriers also displayed attenuation of left inferior frontal response with THC evident in the sample as a whole, while there was a modest enhancement of inferior frontal activation in the G homozygotes. There was a direct relationship (r = − 0.327,p = 0.045) between the behavioural effect of THC and its physiological effect in the inferior frontal gyrus, whereAKT1genotype modulated the effect of THC.Conclusions.These results require independent replication and show that differing vulnerability to acute psychomotor impairments induced by cannabis depends on variation in a gene that influences dopamine function, and is mediated through modulation of the effect of cannabis on the inferior frontal cortex, that is rich in dopaminergic innervation and critical for psychomotor control.
Cross-saturation and transferred cross-saturation experiments
Authors: Ueda Takumi , Takeuchi Koh , Nishida Noritaka , Stampoulis Pavlos , Kofuku Yutaka , Osawa Masanori , Shimada Ichio 
Published: April 2014

AbstractStructural analyses of protein–protein interactions are required to reveal their functional mechanisms, and accurate protein–protein complex models, based on experimental results, are the starting points for drug development. In addition, structural information about proteins under physiologically relevant conditions is crucially important for understanding biological events. However, for proteins such as those embedded in lipid bilayers and transiently complexed with their effectors under physiological conditions, structural analyses by conventional methods are generally difficult, due to their large molecular weights and inhomogeneity. We have developed the cross-saturation (CS) method, which is an nuclear magnetic resonance measurement technique for the precise identification of the interfaces of protein–protein complexes. In addition, we have developed an extended version of the CS method, termed transferred cross-saturation (TCS), which enables the identification of the residues of protein ligands in close proximity to huge (>150 kDa) and heterogeneous complexes under fast exchange conditions (>0.1 s−1). Here, we discuss the outline, basic theory, and practical considerations of the CS and TCS methods. In addition, we will review the recent progress in the construction of models of protein–protein complexes, based on CS and TCS experiments, and applications of TCS to in situ analyses of biologically and medically important proteins in physiologically relevant states.
Government as Institutional Entrepreneur: Extending Working Life in the UK and Japan
Authors: FLYNN MATTHEW , SCHRÖDER HEIKE , HIGO MASA , YAMADA ATSUHIRO 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThrough the lens of Institutional Entrepreneurship, this paper discusses how governments use the levers of power afforded through business and welfare systems to affect change in the organisational management of older workers. It does so using national stakeholder interviews in two contrasting economies: the United Kingdom and Japan. Both governments have taken a ‘light-touch’ approach to work and retirement. However, the highly institutionalised Japanese system affords the government greater leverage than that of the liberal UK system in changing employer practices at the workplace level.
Selfish goals serve more fundamental social and biological goals
Authors: Becker D. Vaughn , Kenrick Douglas T. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractProximate selfish goals reflect the machinations of more fundamental goals such as self-protection and reproduction. Evolutionary life history theory allows us to make predictions about which goals are prioritized over others, which stimuli release which goals, and how the stages of cognitive processing are selectively influenced to better achieve the aims of those goals.
Development links psychological causes to evolutionary explanations
Authors: Fedyk Mark , Kushnir Tamar 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOur conscious abilities are learned in environments that have evolved to support them. This insight provides an alternative way of framing Huang & Bargh's (H&B's) provocative hypothesis. To understand the conflict between unconscious goals and consciousness, we can study the emergence of conscious thought and control in childhood. These developmental processes are also central to the best available current evolutionary theories.
The motivational self is more than the sum of its goals
Authors: Fishbach Ayelet 
Published: April 2014

AbstractI present evidence in favor of an overarching motivational self: a mental function that regulates expression of multiple goals. Goals often conflict with each other, and the role of a motivational self is to consciously or unconsciously prioritize pursuit of these goals. When observing inconsistency in expression of goals, it is therefore useful to consider whether the motivational self is attempting to balance between conflicting goals or if such inconsistency results from temporary self-control weakness.
Winner takes it all: Addiction as an example for selfish goal dominance
Authors: Müller Christian P. , Amato Davide 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHere we argue that the selfish goal concept may well be suitable to explain inconsistencies not only in micro-behaviors, but also in the gross behavioral repertoire of an individual, which is often associated with psychopathologies, such as addiction. Neurophysiological evidence for pathological conditions like addiction emerged, and this evidence may also serve as an explanatory model for normal behaviors.
Automatic goals and conscious regulation in social cognitive affective neuroscience
Authors: Sripada Chandra , Swain John D. , Ho S. Shaun , Swain James E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Selfish Goal model challenges traditional agentic models that place conscious systems at the helm of motivation. We highlight the need for ongoing supervision and intervention of automatic goals by higher-order conscious systems with examples from social cognitive affective neuroscience. We contend that interplay between automatic and supervisory systems is required for adaptive human behavior.
Should an individual composed of selfish goals be held responsible for her actions?
Authors: Washington Natalia , Kelly Daniel 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe discuss the implications of the Selfish Goal model for moral responsibility, arguing it suggests a form of skepticism we call the “locus problem.” In denying that individuals contain any genuine psychological core of information processing, the Selfish Goal model denies the kind of locus of control intuitively presupposed by ascriptions of responsibility. We briefly consider ways the problem might be overcome.
Associative learning is necessary but not sufficient for mirror neuron development
Authors: Bonaiuto James 
Published: April 2014

AbstractExisting computational models of the mirror system demonstrate the additional circuitry needed for mirror neurons to display the range of properties that they exhibit. Such models emphasize the need for existing connectivity to form visuomotor associations, processing to reduce the space of possible inputs, and demonstrate the role neurons with mirror properties might play in monitoring one's own actions.
More than associations: An ideomotor perspective on mirror neurons
Authors: Brass Marcel , Muhle-Karbe Paul S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this commentary, we propose an extension of the associative approach of mirror neurons, namely, ideomotor theory. Ideomotor theory assumes that actions are controlled by anticipatory representations of their sensory consequences. As we outline below, this extension is necessary to clarify a number of empirical observations that are difficult to explain from a purely associative perspective.
Motor-visual neurons and action recognition in social interactions
Authors: de la Rosa Stephan , Bülthoff Heinrich H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCook et al. suggest that motor-visual neurons originate from associative learning. This suggestion has interesting implications for the processing of socially relevant visual information in social interactions. Here, we discuss two aspects of the associative learning account that seem to have particular relevance for visual recognition of social information in social interactions – namely, context-specific and contingency based learning.
Understanding action with the motor system
Authors: Gallese Vittorio , Sinigaglia Corrado 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe challenge Cook et al.'s claim about the vagueness of the notion of action understanding in relation with mirror neurons. We show the multidimensional nature of action understanding and provide a definition of motor-based action understanding, shedding new light on the various components of action understanding and on their relationship. Finally, we propose an alternative perspective on the origin of mirror neurons, stressing the necessity to abandon the dichotomy between genetic and associative hypotheses.
Hebbian Learning is about contingency, not contiguity, and explains the emergence of predictive mirror neurons
Authors: Keysers Christian , Perrett David I. , Gazzola Valeria 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHebbian Learning should not be reduced to contiguity, as it detects contingency and causality. Hebbian Learning accounts of mirror neurons make predictions that differ from associative learning: Through Hebbian Learning, mirror neurons become dynamic networks that calculate predictions and prediction errors and relate to ideomotor theories. The social force of imitation is important for mirror neuron emergence and suggests canalization.
Relating the “mirrorness” of mirror neurons to their origins
Authors: Kilner James M. , Friston Karl J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEver since their discovery, mirror neurons have generated much interest and debate. A commonly held view of mirror neuron function is that they transform “visual information into knowledge,” thus enabling action understanding and non-verbal social communication between con-specifics (Rizzolatti & Craighero 2004). This functionality is thought to be so important that it has been argued that mirror neurons must be a result of selective pressure.
The origin and function of mirror neurons: The missing link
Authors: Lingnau Angelika , Caramazza Alfonso 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe argue, by analogy to the neural organization of the object recognition system, that demonstration of modulation of mirror neurons by associative learning does not imply absence of genetic adaptation. Innate connectivity defines the types of processes mirror neurons can participate in while allowing for extensive local plasticity. However, the proper function of these neurons remains to be worked out.
Associative learning alone is insufficient for the evolution and maintenance of the human mirror neuron system
Authors: Oberman Lindsay M. , Hubbard Edward M. , McCleery Joseph P. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCook et al. argue that mirror neurons originate from associative learning processes, without evolutionary influence from social-cognitive mechanisms. We disagree with this claim and present arguments based upon cross-species comparisons, EEG findings, and developmental neuroscience that the evolution of mirror neurons is most likely driven simultaneously and interactively by evolutionarily adaptive psychological mechanisms and lower-level biological mechanisms that support them.
The mirror system in human and nonhuman primates
Authors: Orban Guy A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe description of the mirror neuron system provided by Cook et al. is incomplete for the macaque, and incorrect for humans. This is relevant to exaptation versus associative learning as the underlying mechanism generating mirror neurons, and to the sensorimotor learning as evidence for the authors' viewpoint. The proposed additional testing of the mirror system in rodents is unrealistic.
The emergence of mirror-like response properties from domain-general principles in vision and audition
Authors: Saygin Ayse P. , Dick Frederic 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLike Cook et al., we suggest that mirror neurons are a fascinating product of cross-modal learning. As predicted by an associative account, responses in motor regions are observed for novel and/or abstract visual stimuli such as point-light and android movements. Domain-specific mirror responses also emerge as a function of audiomotor expertise that is slowly acquired over years of intensive training.
Neonatal imitation and an epigenetic account of mirror neuron development
Authors: Simpson Elizabeth A. , Fox Nathan A. , Tramacere Antonella , Ferrari Pier F. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractNeonatal imitation should not exclusively be considered at the population-level; instead, we propose that inconsistent findings regarding its occurrence result from important individual differences in imitative responses. We also highlight what we consider to be a false dichotomy of genetic versus learning accounts of the development of mirror neurons, and instead suggest a more parsimonious epigenetic perspective.
Mirror neurons: Tests and testability
Authors: Catmur Caroline , Press Clare , Cook Richard , Bird Geoffrey , Heyes Cecilia 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCommentators have tended to focus on the conceptual framework of our article, the contrast between genetic and associative accounts of mirror neurons, and to challenge it with additional possibilities rather than empirical data. This makes the empirically focused comments especially valuable. The mirror neuron debate is replete with ideas; what it needs now are system-level theories and careful experiments – tests and testability.
Multitudes of perspectives: Integrating the Selfish Goal model with views on scientific metaphors, goal systems, and society
Authors: Huang Julie Y. , Bargh John A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn our response, we address commentators' feedback regarding the contributions and limitations of the Selfish Goal model. We first clarify potential misunderstandings regarding the model's contributions and the role of consciousness. Second, we situate evaluations of the selfish metaphor within the similarities and differences inherent to the goal-gene comparison. We then respond to commentators' insights regarding future directions and implications of our model, particularly with respect to the broader organizational systems in which goals may operate. Finally, we reiterate important considerations for goal research moving forward.
Influence of backlash in gear reducer on dynamic of single-link manipulator arm
Authors: Lu Jian-Wei , Sun Xiao-Ming , Vakakis Alexander F. , Bergman Lawrence A. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYThe dynamic modeling of a flexible single-link manipulator arm with consideration of backlash in the planetary gear reducer at the joint is presented, and the influence of backlash on the dynamic response of the system is evaluated. A 2K-H planetary gear reducer with backlash was employed as an example to discuss the dynamic modeling of the sub-model of the planetary gear reducer, and the sub-model of the planetary gear reducer was established based on the lumped mass method. The flexible manipulator was regarded as an Euler--Bernoulli beam, and the dynamic model of the flexible manipulator arm with backlash in the planetary gear reducer was determined from Lagrange's equations. Based on the this model, the influence of the backlash in the planetary gear reducer and excitation frequency on the dynamic response of the system were evaluated through simulation, and the results showed that the dynamic response of the system is sensitive to the backlash and the excitation frequency simultaneously, which provides a theoretical foundation for improvement of dynamic modeling and control of the flexible manipulator arm.
Screw theory based motion analysis for an inchworm-like climbing robot
Authors: Yao Jianjun , Gao Shuang , Jiang Guilin , Hill Thomas L. , Yu Han , Shao Dong 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYTo obtain better performance on unstructured environments, such as in agriculture, forestry, and high-altitude operations, more and more researchers and engineers incline to study classes of biologically inspired robots. Since the natural inchworm can move well in various types of terrain, inchworm-like robots can exhibit excellent mobility. This paper describes a novel inchworm-type robot with simple structure developed for the application for climbing on trees or poles with a certain range of diameters. Modularization is adopted in the robot configuration. The robot is a serial mechanism connected by four joint modules and two grippers located at the front and rear end, respectively. Each joint is driven by servos, and each gripper is controlled by a linear motor. The simplified mechanism model is established, and then is used for its kinematic analysis based on screw theory. The dynamics of the robot are also analyzed by using Lagrange equations. The simulation of the robot gait imitating the locomotion of real inchworm is finally presented.
Model-driven analysis and design for software development of autonomous underwater vehicles
Authors: Ortiz Francisco J. , Insaurralde Carlos C. , Alonso Diego , Sánchez Francisco , Petillot Yvan R. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYSoftware engineering plays a key role in state-of-the-art robotics where more effective and efficient software development solutions are needed for implementation and integration of advanced robotics capabilities. Component-based software engineering and model-driven software development are two paradigms suitable to deal with such challenges. This paper presents the analysis, design, and implementation of control software for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). The software development stages are carried out by using a model-driven toolchain that provides support to design and build component-based software for robotics applications. A case study of a high-performance AUV control application and experimental results from a software schedulability analysis are presented.
Balancing Formal and Informal Care for Older Persons: How Case Managers Respond
Authors: Peckham Allie , Williams A. Paul , Neysmith Sheila 
Published: April 2014

RÉSUMÉCette étude a examiné la façon dont les gestionnaires de cas de soins à domicile et en milieu communautaire dans la première ligne de la profession voir le rôle des aidants naturels et les facteurs qui contribuent aux décisions de ces gestionnaires en ce qui concerne l’allocation des ressources. La recherche pour l’étude a utilisé deux méthodes de collecte de données: (a) l’analyse secondaire des résultats de simulations de la balance de soins, réalisées dans neuf régions de l’Ontario, et (b) des entretiens en profondeur de suivi avec les différents gestionnaires de la B de S. Les résultats indiquent que les gestionnaires de cas sont d’accord à l’unanimité que l’unité des soins dans le secteur SDMC ne se limite pas à l’individu, tel qu’en soins aigus, mais englobe à la fois l’individu et le soignant. Nous avons constaté, cependant, des variations considérables dans l’assortiment et le volume des services SDMC recommandés par les gestionnaires de cas. Nous concluons que la variabilité de la prise de décision peut refléter la manque de réglementation, de meilleures pratiques, et de lignes directrices pour la responsabilité dans le secteur SDMC.
Underfilm corrosion of steel sheets observed by confocal 3D-XRF technique
Authors: Akioka Koji , Nakazawa Takashi , Doi Takashi , Arai Masahiro , Tsuji Kouichi 
Published: April 2014

A confocal micro-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method with a vacuum chamber was used for investigation of underfilm corrosion that occurs on a painted steel sheet used for automotive applications. A painted steel sheet was prepared by applying electrodeposition coating onto an electro-galvanized steel sheet with a zinc phosphate conversion coating. The spatial resolution of the confocal micro-XRF was about 10.9 ?m at an energy of 17.4 keV. The phosphorus signal from the zinc phosphate layer was able to be observed nondestructively by measuring under the vacuum condition. Each layer of the painted steel sheet was observed from the depth profile analysis of the characteristic elements of each layer. The painted steel sheet was scratched to expose the substrate surface, and then the sheet was then immersed in a NaCl solution for 10 days. The in-depth elemental map of Ti of the corroded steel sheet revealed blister-type corrosion around the scratch. The in-depth elemental maps of Zn and P suggested that the zinc phosphate layer dissolved from the scratched part into the NaCl solution.