bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary cocoa protects against colitis‐associated cancer by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway
Authors: Pandurangan Ashok Kumar , Saadatdoust Zeinab , Mohd. Esa Norhaizan , Hamzah Hazilawati , Ismail Amin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in males and the second most common cancer worldwide. Chronic colonic inflammation is a known risk factor for CRC. Cocoa contains many polyphenolic compounds that have beneficial effects in humans. The objective of this study is to explore the antioxidant properties of cocoa in the mouse model of azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis‐associated cancer, focusing on the activation of Nrf2 signaling. Mice were treated with AOM/DSS and randomized to receive either a control diet or a 5 and 10% cocoa diet during the study period. On day 62 of the experiment, the entire colon was processed for biochemical and histopathological examination and further evaluations. Increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in AOM/DSS‐induced mice; however, subsequent administration of cocoa decreased the MDA. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, were decreased in the AOM/DSS mice. Cocoa treatment increases the activities/levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Inflammatory mediators, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2, were elevated during AOM/DSS‐induction, and treatment with 5 and 10% cocoa effectively decreases the expression of iNOS and COX‐2. The NF‐E2‐related factor 2 and its downstream targets, such as NQO1 and UDP‐GT, were increased by cocoa treatment. The results of our study suggest that cocoa may merit further clinical investigation as a chemopreventive agent that helps prevent CAC. © 2014 BioFactors, 41(1):1–14, 2015
Increased volume and impaired function: the role of the basal ganglia in writer's cramp
Authors: Zeuner Kirsten E. , Knutzen Arne , Granert Oliver , Götz Julia , Wolff Stephan , Jansen Olav , Dressler Dirk , Hefter Harald , Hallett Mark , Deuschl Günther , van Eimeren Thilo , Witt Karsten 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIntroductionThe pathophysiology of writer's cramp, a task‐specific dystonia, remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the basal ganglia circuit and the cerebellum during a complex motor sequence learning task carried out with the nonaffected hand in writer's cramp patients.MethodsWe applied structural and functional imaging in 22 writer's cramp patients and 28 matched controls using 3T MRI. With the asymptomatic left hand all participants learned a complex, sequential, five‐element sequence‐tapping task as accurately and quickly as possible. Functional imaging was measured during a repeated (15 times), fixed block design with tapping (30 sec) and rest (30 sec). Additionally, gray matter volume of the basal ganglia was analyzed using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM).ResultsWhile behavior was comparable between groups, after small volume correction the anterior part of the right putamen and the left globus pallidus exhibited reduced blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) activity in patients during the sequential finger‐tapping task. VBM analysis showed larger gray matter volume bilateral in the posterior part of the putamen and globus pallidus. There were no group differences in the cerebellum.ConclusionThe results indicate an impairment of anterior basal ganglia loops involved in producing complex sequential movements of the unaffected hand. These findings are in line with previous reports of reduced neuronal activity in the globus pallidus internus. Higher gray matter volume of the putamen and globus pallidus may stem from elevated activity of the direct pathway, which could reflect a compensatory phenomenon or a primary predisposition, that is, endophenotypic trait.
Cardiopulmonary bypass and intra‐aortic balloon pump use is associated with higher short and long term mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A PARTNER trial substudy
Authors: Shreenivas Satya S. , Lilly Scott M. , Szeto Wilson Y. , Desai Nimesh , Anwaruddin Saif , Bavaria Joseph E. , Hudock Kristin M. , Thourani Vinod H. , Makkar Raj , Pichard Augusto , Webb John , Dewey Todd , Kapadia Samir , Suri Rakesh M. , Xu Ke , Leon Martin B. , Herrmann Howard C. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with the balloon‐expandable Sapien transcatheter heart valve improves survival compared to standard therapy in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and is noninferior to surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients at high operative risk. Nonetheless, a significant proportion of patients may require pre‐emptive or emergent support with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and/or intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) during TAVR due to pre‐existing comorbid conditions or as a result of procedural complications. Objectives: We hypothesized that patients who required CPB or IABP would have increased periprocedural complications and reduced long‐term survival. In addition, we sought to determine whether preprocedural variables could predict the need for CPB and IABP. Methods: The study population included 2,525 patients in the PARTNER Trial (Cohort A and B) and the continuing access registry (CAR). Patients that received CPB or IABP were compared to patients that did not receive either, and then further divided into those that received support pre‐TAVR and those that were placed on support emergently. Results: One‐hundred sixty‐three patients (6.5%) were placed on CPB and/or IABP. The use of CPB or IABP was associated with higher 1 year mortality (49.1% vs. 21.6%, P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, utilization of CPB or IABP was an independent predictor of 30 day (HR 6.95) and 1‐year (HR 2.56) mortality. Although mortality was highest in emergent cases, mortality was also greater in planned CPB and IABP cases compared with non‐CPB/IABP cases (53.3% and 40.3% vs. 21.6%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings indicate that CPB and IABP use in TAVR portends a poor prognosis and its utilization, particularly in the setting of pre‐emptive use, needs reconsideration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcatheter aortic‐valve implantation with one single minimal contrast media injection
Authors: Arrigo Mattia , Maisano Francesco , Haueis Sabine , Binder Ronald K. , Taramasso Maurizio , Nietlispach Fabian 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesPerforming transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with the use of minimal contrast in patients at high‐risk for acute kidney injury (AKI). Background: Contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) is a major cause of AKI following TAVI and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The amount of contrast media used increases the risk for CIN.MethodsComputed tomography was omitted during the screening process. For the procedure transfemoral access was default. The self‐expanding CoreValve prosthesis was chosen in all patients to minimize the risk of annular rupture in case of oversizing. Valve sizing was based on echocardiography, aortography, calcification on fluoroscopy, as well as weight and height of the patient. A single contrast injection was performed to confirm correct position of the pigtail catheter at the level of the annulus. The pigtail then served as the marker for the device landing zone. Intraprocedural assessment of the implantation result relied on echocardiography and hemodynamics.ResultsFive patients with severe aortic stenosis and at high risk for developing CIN were included. Device success was achieved in all patients and no major complications occurred. The median dose of injected contrast media was 8 ml (4–9). All but one patient had improved renal function after the intervention compared to baseline.ConclusionsOur study shows feasibility of performing TAVI with a single minimal contrast media injection, using a self‐expandable valve. This technique has the potential to reduce the incidence of CIN. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rainfall during parental care reduces reproductive and survival components of fitness in a passerine bird
Authors: Öberg Meit , Arlt Debora , Pärt Tomas , Laugen Ane T. , Eggers Sönke , Low Matthew 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAdverse weather conditions during parental care may have direct consequences for offspring production, but longer‐term effects on juvenile and parental survival are less well known. We used long‐term data on reproductive output, recruitment, and parental survival in northern wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) to investigate the effects of rainfall during parental care on fledging success, recruitment success (juvenile survival), and parental survival, and how these effects related to nestling age, breeding time, habitat quality, and parental nest visitation rates. While accounting for effects of temperature, fledging success was negatively related to rainfall (days > 10 mm) in the second half of the nestling period, with the magnitude of this effect being greater for breeding attempts early in the season. Recruitment success was, however, more sensitive to the number of rain days in the first half of the nestling period. Rainfall effects on parental survival differed between the sexes; males were more sensitive to rain during the nestling period than females. We demonstrate a probable mechanism driving the rainfall effects on reproductive output: Parental nest visitation rates decline with increasing amounts of daily rainfall, with this effect becoming stronger after consecutive rain days. Our study shows that rain during the nestling stage not only relates to fledging success but also has longer‐term effects on recruitment and subsequent parental survival. Thus, if we want to understand or predict population responses to future climate change, we need to consider the potential impacts of changing rainfall patterns in addition to temperature, and how these will affect target species' vital rates.
Are the numbers adding up? Exploiting discrepancies among complementary population models
Authors: Stenglein Jennifer L. , Zhu Jun , Clayton Murray K. , Van Deelen Timothy R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLarge carnivores are difficult to monitor because they tend to be sparsely distributed, sensitive to human activity, and associated with complex life histories. Consequently, understanding population trend and viability requires conservationists to cope with uncertainty and bias in population data. Joint analysis of combined data sets using multiple models (i.e., integrated population model) can improve inference about mechanisms (e.g., habitat heterogeneity and food distribution) affecting population dynamics. However, unobserved or unobservable processes can also introduce bias and can be difficult to quantify. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach for inference on an integrated population model that reconciles annual population counts with recruitment and survival data (i.e., demographic processes). Our modeling framework is flexible and enables a realistic form of population dynamics by fitting separate density‐dependent responses for each demographic process. Discrepancies estimated from shared parameters among different model components represent unobserved additions (i.e., recruitment or immigration) or removals (i.e., death or emigration) when annual population counts are reliable. In a case study of gray wolves in Wisconsin (1980–2011), concordant with policy changes, we estimated that a discrepancy of 0% (1980–1995), −2% (1996–2002), and 4% (2003–2011) in the annual mortality rate was needed to explain annual growth rate. Additional mortality in 2003–2011 may reflect density‐dependent mechanisms, changes in illegal killing with shifts in wolf management, and nonindependent censoring in survival data. Integrated population models provide insights into unobserved or unobservable processes by quantifying discrepancies among data sets. Our modeling approach is generalizable to many population analysis needs and allows for identifying dynamic differences due to external drivers, such as management or policy changes.
Structural and functional assessment of skin nerve fibres in small‐fibre pathology
Authors: Karlsson P. , Nyengaard J.R. , Polydefkis M. , Jensen T.S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDamage to nociceptor nerve fibres may give rise to peripheral neuropathies, some of which are pain free and some are painful. A hallmark of many peripheral neuropathies is the loss of small nerve fibres in the epidermis, a condition called small‐fibre neuropathy (SFN) when it is predominantly the small nerve fibres that are damaged. Historically,SFNhas been very difficult to diagnose as clinical examination and nerve conduction studies mainly detect large nerve fibres, and quantitative sensory testing is not sensitive enough to detect small changes in small nerve fibres. However, taking a 3‐mm punch skin biopsy from the distal leg and quantification of the nerve fibre density has proven to be a useful method to diagnoseSFN. However, the correlation between the nerve fibre loss and other test results varies greatly. Recent studies have shown that it is possible not only to extract information about the nerve fibre density from the biopsies but also to get an estimation of the nerve fibre length density using stereology, quantify sweat gland innervation and detect morphological changes such as axonal swelling, all of which may be additional parameters indicating diseased small fibres relating to symptoms reported by the patients. In this review, we focus on available tests to assess structure and function of the small nerve fibres, and summarize recent advances that have provided new possibilities to more specifically relate structural findings with symptoms and function in patients withSFN.
Reconstruction of expanding tracheoesophageal fistulae in post‐radiation therapy patients who undergo total laryngectomy with a bipaddled radial forearm free flap: Report of 8 cases
Authors: Dewey Eliza H. , Castro Jerry R. , Mojica Jacqueline , Lazarus Cathy L. , Su Henry K. , Alpert Erin H. , Dos Reis Laura L. , Urken Mark L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundOur surgical approach describes a bipaddled radial forearm free flap (RFFF) for closure of chronic tracheoesophageal fistulae (TEF) in patients who underwent total laryngectomy. The desired functional results were achieved.MethodsEight patients underwent the procedure. The surgical approach includes exposure and resection of the fistula tract, and a bipaddled RFFF transfer. Key surgical maneuvers include: circumferential dissection and mobilization of the trachea; partial sternal resection in select cases; inset of flap's distal paddle into the anterior esophageal wall; and inset of the proximal skin paddle to the posterior tracheal wall and cervical skin.ResultsSuccessful reconstruction of all 8 cases was done to restore a normal diet and a widely patent tracheal opening. One patient developed a delayed esophageal stricture, which was successfully managed with home dilation.ConclusionSeveral TEF treatment approaches have been reported. Our 87.5% esophageal lumen preservation success rate, reestablishment of adequate airway, and uncomplicated postoperative courses demonstrates the reliability of this surgical approach. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Head Neck38: E172–E178, 2016
Targeting CD133 in the enhancement of chemosensitivity in oral squamous cell carcinoma–derived side population cancer stem cells
Authors: Yu Cheng‐Chia , Hu Fang‐Wei , Yu Chuan‐Hang , Chou Ming‐Yung 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Previously, we enriched a subpopulation of OSCC‐derived cancer stem cells (OSCC‐CSCs), and identified CD133 as an OSCC‐CSC marker.MethodWe determined the function of CD133 on chemosensitivity of oral cancer CSCs by silencing CD133.ResultsInitially, we observed that the expression profile of CD133 in OSCC‐side population (OSCC‐SPs) cells, which exerted properties of CSCs, was significantly upregulated than that of major population (MPs) cells of OSCCs. The cell viability experiments showed that SPs were more chemoresistant compared with major populations. Importantly, targeting CD133 ameliorated the drug resistance of OSCC‐SPs to cisplatin treatment. Targeting CD133 and cisplatin co‐treatment led to the maximal inhibition on tumor initiating properties in OSCC‐SPs.ConclusionSide population cells with CSCs properties existed in OSCCs, and silencing CD133 exhibited a prominent therapeutic effect in enhancing the sensitivity of chemotherapy in OSCC through elimination of CSCs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E231–E238, 2016
Revisiting the argument for 1‐ versus 2‐vein outflow in head and neck free tissue transfers: A review of 317 microvascular reconstructions
Authors: Silverman Dustin A. , Przylecki Wojciech H. , Arganbright Jill M. , Shnayder Yelizaveta , Kakarala Kiran , Nazir Niaman , Tsue Terance T. , Girod Douglas A. , Andrews Brian T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the benefit of 1‐vein versus 2‐vein outflow in microvascular free tissue transfers.MethodsA retrospective review reflects the experience of 6 surgeons. Analysis included all patients who underwent reconstruction at a single institution between January 2004 and December 2012.ResultsThree hundred nine patients underwent a total of 317 microvascular free flap reconstructions for head and neck defects. Two hundred thirteen of 317 flaps (67.2%) used 1 venous anastomosis and 104 (32.8%) used 2 venous anastomoses. Venous congestion necessitated urgent take back in 37 of 57 patients (64.9%) requiring exploration for perioperative complications. Thirty of 37 flaps (81.1%) with venous congestion had 1 vein anastomosis, whereas 7 (18.9%) had dual vein outflow (p = .03). Overall flap success was 303 of 317 (95.6%), despite an 18.0% (57 of 317) perioperative take back rate.ConclusionCoapting 2 veins was shown to minimize venous congestion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 820–823, 2016
Evidence on effectiveness of intensity‐modulated radiotherapy versus 2‐dimensional radiotherapy in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Meta‐analysis and a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Co Jayson , Mejia Michael Benedict , Dizon Janine Margarita 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundCurrent management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) uses radiotherapy (RT) as the curative treatment modality. Radiation delivery techniques for NPC can be achieved using 2D conventional RT or intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of IMRT versus 2D conventional RT in primary treatment of NPC.ResultsIMRT showed better results than 2D conventional RT in terms of local control, regional control, and overall survival, but when stratified, only in T4, N2, and stage III were the differences that were seen. Objective saliva measurements and physician‐graded xerostomia were better in IMRT. However, patient‐reported xerostomia showed minimal improvement only in IMRT. The evidence of superiority of IMRT over 2D conventional RT is not clear.ConclusionIn the absence of more clinical data demonstrating the superiority of IMRT in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 2D conventional RT seems to be a reasonable treatment option, especially in limited resource settings. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2130–E2142, 2016
Near‐infrared fluorescence imaging‐guided surgery improves recurrence‐free survival rate in novel orthotopic animal model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Atallah Ihab , Milet Clément , Henry Maxime , Josserand Véronique , Reyt Emile , Coll Jean‐Luc , Hurbin Amandine , Righini Christian Adrien 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundAppropriate animal models are required to test novel therapeutics for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) such as near‐infrared (NIR) imaging‐guided surgery.MethodsWe developed an optimized animal model of orthotopic HNSCC (in female athymic NMRI (Naval Medical Research Institute) nude mice) with a prolonged survival time. Resection of the orthotopic tumors was performed 30 days after implantation with or without the aid of a miniaturized clinical grade NIR optical imaging device, after systemic administration of a fluorescent RGD‐based probe that targets αvβ3 integrin.ResultsNIR optical imaging‐guided surgery increased the recurrence‐free survival rate by 50% through the detection of fluorescent cancer residues as small as 185 µm; these fragments could remain unidentified if resection was performed exclusively under unaided visual guidance.ConclusionNIR optical imaging‐guided surgery showed an improved HNSCC tumor resection quality in our optimized orthotopic animal model. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E246–E255, 2016
Tumor deposits in head and neck carcinomas
Authors: Sarioglu Sulen , Akbulut Nilhan , Iplikci Selen , Aydin Barbaros , Dogan Ersoy , Unlu Mehtat , Ellidokuz Hulya , Ada Emel , Akman Fadime , Ikiz Ahmet Omer 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundTumor deposits, nodules in the peritumoral adipose tissue with no architectural residue of lymph node, have previously been described in colorectal adenocarcinomas. To date, however, there has been no examination of tumor deposits in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsNeck dissection specimens of 140 patients with HNSCC were reevaluated for tumor deposits.ResultsTumor deposits were detected in 24 cases (17%). Cases with tumor deposits had more lymphatic invasion (p = .007), higher pathological N classification (p = .00), and more frequently showed distant metastasis (p = .003). Disease‐free and overall survival were significantly shorter for tumor deposit positive cases (p = .016 and p = .005, respectively). Only tumor deposits were significant for overall survival. Tumor deposits increased the risk of recurrent disease 2294 times. Tumor deposits and pericapsular invasion were identified as independent prognostic markers; tumor deposits increased the risk of death from disease 3.4 times, whereas pericapsular invasion was associated with a 2.2‐fold increase in the risk of death.ConclusionThese results highlight the existence of tumor deposits in neck dissection specimens of HNSCC and their association with poor prognosis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E256–E260, 2016
Outcomes after surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for perineural spread of head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Warren Timothy A. , Panizza Benedict , Porceddu Sandro V. , Gandhi Mitesh , Patel Parag , Wood Martin , Nagle Christina M. , Redmond Michael 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundQueensland, Australia, has the highest rates of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Perineural invasion (PNI) is associated with reduced local control and survival.MethodsA retrospective review of a prospective database of patients with clinical PNI from cutaneous SCC of the head and neck (SCCHN) treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) between 2000 and 2011 and a minimum of 24 months follow‐up. Patients were excluded if immunosuppressed, had non‐SCC histology, or were treated palliatively.ResultsFifty patients (mean age, 60 years) with median follow‐up of 50 months were included in this study. A total of 54.8% of known primary tumors had incidental PNI. Ten percent had nodal disease at presentation. MRI neurogram was positive in 95.8%. Recurrence‐free survival (RFS) at 5‐years was 62%. Five‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) were 75% and 64%, respectively. There were no perioperative deaths.ConclusionThis report demonstrates that long‐term survival is achievable in patients with clinical PNI from cutaneous SCCHN after surgery and PORT. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 824–831, 2016