bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Arrhenius Viscosity Models for Molten Silicate Slags with Constant Pre-Exponential Parameter: A Comparison to Arrhenius Model
Authors: Gan Lei , Lai Chaobin , Xiong Huihui 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe accuracies of molten slag viscosity fitting and low-temperature extrapolation were compared between four two-variable models: Arrhenius, Weymann–Frenkel (WF), and Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) and Mauro, Yue, Ellison, Gupta and Allan (MYEGA) models with constant pre-exponential parameter, based on a molten slag viscosity database consisting of over 800 compositions and 5,000 measurements. It is found that over wide ranges of pre-exponential parameter, the VFT and MYEGA models have lower viscosity fitting errors and much higher low-temperature viscosity extrapolation accuracies than Arrhenius and WF models. The pre-exponential parameter values of –2.8 for VFT and –2.3 for MYEGA are recommended.
Constitutive Modeling for Flow Stress Behavior of Nimonic 80A Superalloy During Hot Deformation Process
Authors: Gu Sendong , Zhang Liwen , Zhang Chi , Shen Wenfei 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe hot deformation characteristics of nickel-based alloy Nimonic 80A were investigated by isothermal compression tests conducted in the temperature range of 1,000–1,200°C and the strain rate range of 0.01—5 s–1on a Gleeble-1500 thermomechanical simulator. In order to establish the constitutive models for dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior and flow stress of Nimonic 80A, the material constantsα,nand DRX activation energyQin the constitutive models were calculated by the regression analysis of the experimental data. The dependences of initial stress, saturation stress, steady-state stress, dynamic recovery (DRV) parameter, peak strain, critical strain and DRX grain size on deformation parameters were obtained. Then, the Avrami equation including the critical strain for DRX and the peak strain as a function of strain was established to describe the DRX volume fraction. Finally, the constitutive model for flow stress of Nimonic 80A was developed in DRV region and DRX region, respectively. The flow stress values predicted by the constitutive model are in good agreement with the experimental ones, which indicates that the constitutive model can give an accurate estimate for the flow stress of Nimonic 80A under the deformation conditions.
Effects of Sodium Citrate on the Ammonium Sulfate Recycled Leaching of Low-Grade Zinc Oxide Ores
Authors: Yang Kun , Li Shi-wei , Zhang Li-bo , Peng Jin-hui , Ma Ai-yuan , Wang Bao-bao 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe effects of sodium citrate on ammonium sulfate recycled leaching of low-grade zinc oxide ores were studied. By applying various kinds of detection and analysis techniques such as chemical composition analysis, chemical phase method, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrum (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transforming infrared spectrum (FT-IR), zinc raw ore, its leaching slag and the functional mechanism of sodium citrate were investigated. Based on a comprehensive analysis, it can be concluded that in contrast to hemimorphite (Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O), amorphous smithsonite (ZnCO3) and zinc silicate (Zn2SiO4) prove to be refractory phases under ammonium sulfate leaching, while sodium citrate has a better chelating action with the refractory phases, resulting in a higher zinc leaching rate. Under conditions of [NH3]/[NH3]T molar ratio being 0.5, [NH3]T being 7.5 mol/L, [Na3C6H5O7] being 0.2 mol/L, S/L ratio being 1:5, temperature being 303 K, holding time being 1 h in each of the two stages, and stirring rate being 300 rpm, the leaching rate of zinc reached 93.4%. In this article, sulfate ammonium recycled technology also reveals its unique advantage in processing low-grade zinc oxide ores accompanied by high silicon and high alkaline gangue.
Supporting Family Cargivers / Unterstützung für pflegende Angehörige
Authors: Posch-Eliskases Ursula , Rungg Christine , Moosbrugger Markus , Perkhofer Susanne 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Family caregivers suffer from stress due to the caregiving situation which is negatively associated with health. This review focuses on possibilities of support for the family caregivers. This review was performed by the use of the databases PubMed and PsychINFO with the following keywords in various combinations: stress, chronic stress, burden, family caregiving, family caregiver, coping, intervention. An exclusion criterion was infantile care recipient.
Our results indicate that knowledge, information and training for caregivers reduce stress. External advice by health care professionals, as well as the encouragement to focus on their own needs is experienced as helpful. Support can also be given via telephone helpline and/or the internet. Also direct communication with other caregivers reduces stress. A positive view on care needed in old age helps to bear the burden of caring for older adults. The effort of family caregivers should be more recognized as they play an important part in society. The Austrian Republic saves 2-3 billion € per year due to informal caregiving. Health professionals should identify family caregivers as a risk group and provide information on an interdisciplinary base. With the given advice, attention and support, the burden of the caregivers on the one hand and un-necessary costs on the other hand could be reduced.
Employed family caregivers in health care: from a logic of care to a logic of reconciliation / Berufstätige Angehörige im Gesundheitswesen: Von der Versorgungslogik zur Vereinbarkeitslogik
Authors: Bischofberger Iren , Holten Karin van 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction: In the context of illness, disability, and longevity, reconciliation of employment and family caregiving is evolving - in Switzerland termed „work & care“. Due to time, local, and personal restrictions, employed family caregivers need an organizational culture in health care which acknowledges their specific needs for reconciliation in order to remain employed and secure their financial situation.
Aim: To identify how organizational cultures in health care institutions influence reconciliation of employment and family caregiving.
Method: Within a larger study, case studies in three Swiss health care institutions were conducted within acute, long-term and homecare settings. Data triangulation included document analysis, expert interviews (N=13), field observations, and group discussions (N=5 each with 4-5 participants). The latter are focused in the analysis of this article.
Results: Three core categories are discussed: employed family caregivers providing care and receiving care, and how they are perceived physically present and absent, either employed or not employed. Employment of family caregivers was only marginally identified.
Discussion: Across all core categories, family caregivers are dominated by institutional rules in all care settings. This can foster or hinder reconciliation. Specific approaches, e. g. care coordination, enhance a sense of reconciliation within the health care system. Hence, health professionals can develop strategies that positively affect employment of family caregivers.
Conclusion: Health care institutions focus primarily on patients or residents. Thus, they follow predominantly a logic of care. This primacy should be complemented by a logic of reconciliation, in order to reinforce the lived reality of employed family caregivers.
Effect of Saraca asoca (Asoka) on estradiol-induced keratinizing metaplasia in rat uterus
Authors: Shahid Adangam Purath , Salini Sasidharan , Sasidharan Nanu , Padikkala Jose , Raghavamenon Achuthan Chathrattil , Babu Thekkekara Devassy 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background: Estrogen-mediated uterus endometrium instability is considered as one of the etiological factors in dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) and uterine cancer. Saraca asoca (Family: Fabaceae) and its fermented preparation, Asokarishta, are extensively used as uterine tonic to treat gynecological disorders in Ayurveda. The present study evaluated the effect of S. asoca (Asoka) on estrogen-induced endometrial thickening of rat uterus.

Methods: Endometrial thickening was induced by intraperitoneal injection of estradiol (20 μg/kg b.wt) to 8-day-old immature rats for alternate 5 days. Methanolic extract (200 mg/kg b. wt) from S. asoca bark was given orally along with estradiol. Uterus endometrial thickening was analyzed histopathologically and serum estrogen level by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) expression in rat uterus was also estimated by Western blot. Anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was analyzed by formalin- and carrageenan-elicited paw edema models in mouse.

Results: Uterus endometrium proliferation and keratinized metaplasia with seven to eight stratified epithelial layers on day 16 was observed in rats administered with estradiol. Treatment with S. asoca reduced the thickening to two to four layers and the serum estrogen level diminished significantly to 82.9±12.87 pg/mL compared to rats administered with estrogen alone (111.2±10.68 pg/mL). A reduction of formalin- and carrageenan-induced paw edema in mouse by S. asoca extract was observed. Lower level of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced COX-2 enzyme in rat uterus by the extract further confirms its anti-inflammatory activity.

Conclusions: Present study reveals the antiproliferative and antikeratinizing effects of S. asoca in uterus endometrium possibly through its anti-estrogenic and anti-inflammatory properties.
Vertical Marketing Systems, Supply Chains and the New Indicators of Retailing’s Significance
Authors: Segetlija Zdenko , Mesarić Josip , Dujak Davor 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In modern vertical marketing systems (i.e., in grocery sector), the greatest power is demonstrated by retail chains, and producers depend thereupon. This paper analyzes vertical marketing systems and the role of retailing therein. Specially analyzed is the power of retail chains’ demand with regard to the entire supply chains they head, as well as the present-day new competition in retailing and modern business concepts related to the vertical marketing systems. Additionally, analyzed are also select indicators to examine the significance of retailing in an individual national economy. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the new indicators of significance of retailing in economy with regard to the realized GDP, as a component of value chains. These indicators complement the usual retailing significance analyses from the point of view of its share in the number of employees and the number of companies.
From the conducted analysis, one may conclude that the vertical marketing systems become increasingly important, and retailing assumes a new role in economy in that sense. Thus, new indicators of retailing significance might also be necessary.
The Reception of C. S.Lewis in Post-Communist Romania
Authors: Conţac Emanuel 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This paper presents the circumstances surrounding the publication of the Romanian translations of C. S. Lewis’s best known works. In the first part, the author gives information about the Romanian authors who were acquainted with Lewis’s writings during Communism, when the translation and printing of books on religious topics was under the tight control of a totalitarian government. In spite of that control, two Lewis titles-The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and Mere Christianity-which were translated in the US, were smuggled into Romania. The second part of this paper deals with the remarkably changed situation after the emergence of a new regime in 1990. Since then Lewis’s books have been published, often in multiple print runs, by secular as well as Christian publishers, with a total of 12 fiction and 13 non-fiction titles, indicating a wide popular reception of his work.
C.S. Lewis as Medievalist
Authors: Cooper Helen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractC.S. Lewis’s life as an academic was concerned with the teaching of medieval and Renaissance literature, though both his lectures and his publications also incorporated his extensive knowledge of Greek and Latin classics. He argued that the cultural and intellectual history of Europe was divided into three main periods, the pre-Christian, the Christian and the post-Christian, which he treated as a matter of historical understanding and with no aim at proselytization: a position that none the less aroused some opposition following his inaugural lecture as professor at Cambridge. Ever since his childhood, his interest in the Middle Ages had been an imaginative rather than a purely scholarly one, and his main concern was to inculcate a sense of the beauty of that pre-modern thought world and its value-a concern that set him apart from the other schools of English language and literature dominant in his lifetime.
Deep Magic and Modern Magic
Authors: Ghivirigă Teodora 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The paper discusses C. S. Lewis’ position on, and criticism of, magic vs. wisdom and the type of “fast” magic that the (post-)modern world has fallen prey to and ends by returning to the alternative that Lewis-and other writers such as his friend and contemporary J. R. R. Tolkien and more recent ones such as Tery Pratchett-suggest as a more propitious alternative.
Rooted Deep: Discovering the Literary Identity of Mythopoeic Fantasist George Macdonald
Authors: Jeffrey Johnson Kirstin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This paper is a conversational reassessment of George MacDonald, the Victorian fantasist who so profoundly shaped such writers as C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien. Primary research challenges the common portrayal of MacDonald as an accidental novelist, revealing instead his clear trajectory and vocation as a devoted literary scholar. Clarifying the definition of mythopoeic as applied by the Oxford Inklings to MacDonald draws attention to their conviction that attentive response to one’s literary roots is what engenders novel literature with transformative potential. Further research proves this to be in keeping with the work and legacy of MacDonald and his mentor A.J. Scott. An intentional participation in this relational nature of literary tradition is a crucial element of the work and legacy to which the Inklings and their successors are heirs.
C. S. Lewis and the Art of Reading: The Uses of Scholarship and the Pleasures of the Text
Authors: Kinzel Till 
Published: April 2015

AbstractC. S. Lewis was one of the major scholars of literature in the 20thcentury. His contribution to the art of reading deserves a re-consideration and is therefore reconstructed and analysed in this paper. Topcis that are highlighted in this connection are the types of literary scholarship most useful to a proper understanding of old texts, the types of readers that exist, the controversies in which Lewis engaged concerning the interpretation of Milton, the importance of philological knowledge for literary scholars as well as the pitfalls of literary criticism. In many respects, C. S. Lewis is at odds with currently fashionable approaches to literature-and thus provides a welcome challenge to dominant paradigms of reading texts.
Preparation of iron oxide nanocatalysts and application in the liquid phase oxidation of benzene
Authors: Lokhat David , Oliver Mike , Carsky Milan 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A series of iron oxide nanocatalysts were prepared using an ultrasonically assisted co-precipitation technique. Molybdenum promoted Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 were prepared from the original materials by wet impregnation using a solution of ammonium molybdate. The catalysts were tested in the liquid phase oxidation of benzene at atmospheric pressure and at 60°C using molecular oxygen. Phenol yields between 7% and 14.5% were obtained. The major products were pyrogallol and catechol.
Ethanol oxidation reaction at Pd-modified nickel foam obtained by PVD method
Authors: Mikołajczyk Tomasz , Turemko Marcin , Pierożyński Bogusław 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In this study, palladium-modified nickel foam substrate was applied to examine ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in 0.1 M NaOH supporting solution. An EOR catalyst was prepared by physical vapour deposition (PVD) of palladium onto Ni foam material. Temperature-dependent kinetics of the EOR were studied over the temperature range: 20-60°C by means of a.c. impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques. Deposition of a noble metal additive was clearly exposed through scanning electron microscopy: SEM/EDX-supported analysis. Most importantly, this work investigated the effect of pre-deposited fullerene on nickel foam, on the catalytic (EOR) properties of such-produced Ni foam/Pd composite material.
Current distribution of the Rosalia longicorn Rosalia alpina (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Poland
Authors: Michalcewicz Jakub , Ciach Michał 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe former range of the Rosalia longicorn Rosalia alpina in Poland probably overlapped with the range of the European beech Fagus sylvatica. In the 20thcentury, the species was recorded in the following parts of Poland: the Carpathians (almost the entire range), the Świętokrzyskie Mountains, the Roztocze Upland, Lower Silesia, and the northern and northwestern parts of the country. Although the Rosalia longicorn appears to have regressed in the countries of central Europe, the current population trend of this species in Poland is not known. This study presents data on the distribution of the Rosalia longicorn in Poland in 2000-2013 and defines its current distribution and range. A total of 210 sites of the Rosalia longicorn were identified, situated in 42 UTM squares (10x10 km). The total area of the species’ occurrence (maximum convex polygon) was 3334 km2and the effectively used area was 1877 km2. The Rosalia longicorn has withdrawn from most of its former sites in Poland and at present occurs only in parts of the Carpathians. Its continuous distribution range comprises the Bieszczady Zachodnie and Beskid Niski Mountains. Scattered and less abundant sites occur in the Beskid Sądecki, Pieniny Mountains and Sanok-Turka Mountains. At present, therefore, the species’ range of occurrence in Poland is significantly smaller than that recorded in the 20thcentury. The median nearest neighbour distance between sites was 1023 m (mean = 1640 m ±1702 SD, range 502-10870 m). Those situated on the peripheries of the range are thinly scattered, and the distance between them is probably too large to allow free movement of the species. This can disrupt the current range and lead to the formation of isolated sites (islands) along its peripheries, from which the Rosalia longicorn may gradually disappear. Such a development could cause its total extinction. The current distribution of the Rosalia longicorn in the Carpathians suggests that certain detrimental processes are taking place in the population, demonstrating that the species’ extinction in Poland is ongoing.
Has Aeshna viridis EVERSMANN, 1836 (Odonata: Aeshnidae) really disappeared from southern Poland (East-Central Europe)?
Authors: Buczyński Paweł , Górka Maciej , Buczyńska Edyta 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
50-100 years ago the southern boundary of the distribution area of Aeshna viridis ran through southern Poland. However, no records of this species from this area have been reported since then. The species is therefore considered as having retreated northwards. The present research disclosed three new sites of A. viridis on the edge of or just beyond its historical distribution area: one in south-western Poland (Trestno: 51°04’N, 17º08’E) and two in the south-east of the country (Krasiczyn: 49º46’N, 22º38’E, Bolestraszyce: 49º49’N, 22º51’E). All the sites were anthropogenic. This demonstrates the survival of a number of populations and the formation of new ones in water bodies formed de novo or to which Stratiotes aloides was introduced artificially. This suggests that the conservation of A. viridis is possible in this region.
A study on the printability properties of alkali-sized recycled papers
Authors: Aydemir Cem 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Recycled handsheets were prepared from old newspapers and old office papers with internal sizing applications of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) emulsion at 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% addition levels as received basis. Handsheets made at 80 g/m2 were air dried and oven dried as placed in drying rings followed by conditioning prior to testing. The contact angle, surface energy and drop volume changes of handsheets were carefully measured as well as used some offset printing applications. Freeness levels of pulp from newspapers and office papers were measured to be 65 and 45 SR°, respectively. It was confirmed that AKD sizing improved paper resistance against water and printing ink, and this was further improved with oven drying. Contact angle values obtained from oven-dried office papers and newspapers were in the range of 105°–95° and 85°–75°, respectively. Without drying, lowest contact angles from newspapers and office papers were recorded to be around 72° and 37°, respectively. Results were in agreement with surface energy values of samples which were around 60 mJ/m2 for air-dried samples and over 30 mJ/m2 for oven-dried handsheets. It was concluded that sizing actually improves print quality but may also increase colour change differences over time as represented by ΔE.
Identification of delamination defects through covariance of energy change: numerical modeling
Authors: Bruhschwein Taylor , Yang Mijia 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Delamination is currently a difficult detectable form of damage in composite laminate materials. This paper presents a method to more easily detect delamination damage within composite materials using finite element analysis modeling, through the covariance of energy change. Lamb waves were introduced and recorded through an actuator and sensors made of piezoelectric material. The data were then analyzed through the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Using the data from the FFT, the idea of covariance of energy change was suggested to correlate with defect characteristics. By comparing the covariance of energy change in beams with different delamination sizes, thicknesses, and depths, correlations between the covariance of energy loss and defect characteristics were able to be developed. With these correlations, the severity of these damages was able to be quantified.
Are There Any Active Rock Glaciers in the Tatra Mountains?
Authors: Kędzia Stanisław 
Published: April 2015

AbstractResearch on rock glaciers have been conducted in the Tatra Mountains for about 100 years. About 30 years ago, there were papers suggesting that part of the Tatra rock glaciers was formed during the Little Ice Age. About 20 years ago, permafrost was discovered in the mountains. This discovery marked the beginning of research on the activity of rock glaciers. Ten years ago, a study was carried out on the rock glacier near the Velké Hincovo Pleso lake, which excluded any activity of this glacier in the last few hundred years, despite the high probability of the existence of permafrost in it. The following paper presents the results of lichenometric dating conducted for the activity of rock glaciers in the Świstówka Roztocka and the Buczynowa valleys.