bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in cognitive function associated with syndrome changes on two five‐factor models of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale
Authors: Jerrell Jeanette M. , Hrisko Stephanie 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the association between neuropsychological function and symptom changes over time on two five‐factor models, pentagonal (PM) and Van der Gaag (VDG), of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and to determine the added value of these syndrome models for interpreting neuropsychological changes.MethodsData were collected in a randomized controlled trial comparing second‐generation and conventional antipsychotic medications for 108 adult patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and monitored prospectively for 12 months using standard neuropsychological instruments and the PANSS. Random‐effects regression was used to estimate the change over time in neuropsychological function and the association of PANSS covariates.ResultsImprovements in positive, negative, and cognitive syndromes were significant predictors of change on nine neuropsychological measures. The neuropsychological function was worsening on five of these measures. The PM model represented the best set of predictors examining positive and negative syndrome covariates, whereas the VDG model consistently represented the best predictors examining cognitive syndrome covariates.ConclusionsThe PM positive and negative syndrome factors and the VDG disorganized thoughts syndrome factor are differentially associated with changes in neuropsychological function over time. Clinical investigators may want to target their use of these factors from the PANSS according to the outcome variables being measured. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of remission of depression with clinical variables, neuropsychological performance, and serotonergic/dopaminergic gene polymorphisms
Authors: Gudayol‐Ferré Esteve , Herrera‐Guzmán Ixchel , Camarena Beatriz , Cortés‐Penagos Carlos , Herrera‐Abarca Jorge E. , Martínez‐Medina Patricia , Asbun‐Bojalil Juan , Lira‐Islas Yuridia , Reyes‐Ponce Celia , Guàrdia‐Olmos Joan 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveThe aim of our work is to study the possible role of clinical variables, neuropsychological performance, and the 5HTTLPR, rs25531, and val108/58Met COMT polymorphisms on the prediction of depression remission after 12 weeks' treatment with fluoxetine. These variables have been studied as potential predictors of depression remission, but they present poor prognostic sensitivity and specificity by themselves.MethodsSeventy‐two depressed patients were genotyped according to the aforementioned polymorphisms and were clinically and neuropsychologically assessed before a 12‐week fluxetine treatment.ResultsOnly the La allele of rs25531 polymorphism and the GG and AA forms of the val 108/158 Met polymorphism predict major depressive disorder remission after 12 weeks' treatment with fluoxetine. None of the clinical and neuropsychological variables studied predicted remission.ConclusionsOur results suggest that clinical and neuropsychological variables can initially predict early response to fluoxetine and mask the predictive role of genetic variables; but in remission, where clinical and neuropsychological symptoms associated with depression tend to disappear thanks to the treatment administered, the polymorphisms studied are the only variables in our model capable of predicting remission. However, placebo effects that are difficult to control require cautious interpretation of the results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy and metabolic influence of paliperidone ER, aripiprazole and ziprasidone to patients with first‐episode schizophrenia through 52 weeks follow‐up in China
Authors: Zhang Yinbo , Dai Guangzhi 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundThere are no direct comparisons of paliperidone extended‐release (ER), aripiprazole and ziprasidone in efficacy and metabolic influence in patients with first‐episode schizophrenia.ObjectiveThe present study examined the efficacy and metabolic influence of paliperidone ER, aripiprazole and ziprasidone in patients with first‐episode schizophrenia in China.MethodsSubjects were recruited from outpatient and 254 patients entered the trial. These patients received treatment randomly with paliperidone ER, aripiprazole and ziprasidone and were assessed at baseline, 13, 26 and 52 weeks, respectively with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), 7‐item Clinical Global Impressions‐Severity (CGI‐S), anthropometric (weight, body mass index and waist circumference) and metabolic (fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins and triglycerides) measures.ResultsA total of 203 patients completed the trial. Paliperidone group had significant greater reduction in PANSS than aripiprazole group and ziprasidone group from 13 weeks, although the a reduction in PANSS of each group was more than 20%. There was no difference in CGI‐S among the three groups, and all three groups had a significant reduction from baseline in CGI‐S. Aripiprazole group increased in weight and body mass index despite no statistical change in waist circumference. Other two groups showed no changes in anthropometric measure. At the end of the study, two glucose metabolic indices (fasting blood glucose and HbA1c) of aripiprazole group were significantly higher than that of baseline. In lipid metabolism, aripiprazole group reduced triglycerides significantly and had no changes in other indices. Paliperidone group reduced HDL and increased triglycerides despite no changes in glucose metabolism. Ziprasidone group also had no significant changes in glucose metabolism, but reduced cholesterol, low density lipoproteins and increased HDL. Furthermore, 22 subjects in three groups reached the diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome.ConclusionsPaliperidone ER, aripiprazole and ziprasidone are effective in treating first‐episode schizophrenia, and the ranking of efficacy from high to low is paliperidone ER > aripiprazole > ziprasidone. Paliperidone ER can impair lipid metabolism potentially but had no influence on glucose metabolism. Aripiprazole can damage glucose metabolism and has little influence on lipid metabolism. Ziprasidone is considered an atypical antipsychotic with no evidence of harm to glucose and lipid metabolism. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reproductive and hormonal factors and the risk of lung cancer: The EAGLE study
Authors: Pesatori Angela Cecilia , Carugno Michele , Consonni Dario , Caporaso Neil E. , Wacholder Sholom , Tucker Margaret , Landi Maria Teresa 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEvidence about the role for reproductive and hormonal factors in the etiology of lung cancer in women is conflicting. To clarify this question, we examined 407 female cases and 499 female controls from the Environment And Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology population‐based case–control study. Subjects were interviewed in person using a computer‐assisted personal interview to assess demographics, education, smoking history, medical history, occupational history, reproductive and hormonal factors. Associations of interest were investigated using logistic regression models, adjusted for catchment area and age (matching variables), cigarette smoking (status, pack‐years and time since quitting). Additional confounding variables were investigated but did not substantially affect the results. We observed a reduced risk of lung cancer among women with later age at first live birth [≥31 years: odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.31–1.06, p‐trend = 0.05], later age at menopause (≥51 years: OR = 0.49, 95%CI = 0.31–0.79, p‐trend = 0.003) and longer reproductive periods (≥41 years: OR = 0.44, 95%CI = 0.25–0.79, p‐trend = 0.01). A reduced risk was also observed for hormone replacement therapy (OR = 0.63, 95%CI = 0.42–0.95, p = 0.03) and oral contraceptive use (OR = 0.67, 95%CI = 0.45–1.00, p = 0.05) but no trend with duration of use was detected. Menopausal status (both natural and induced) was associated with an augmented risk. No additional associations were identified for other reproductive variables. This study suggests that women who continue to produce estrogens have a lower lung cancer risk. Large studies with great number of never smoking women, biomarkers of estrogen and molecular classification of lung cancer are needed for a more comprehensive view of the association between reproductive factors and lung cancer risk.
Modeling and characterization of inflammatory breast cancer emboli grown in vitro
Authors: Lehman Heather L. , Dashner Erica J. , Lucey Michelle , Vermeulen Peter , Dirix Luc , Laere Steven Van , van Golen Kenneth L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractInflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the deadliest form of breast cancer, presenting as intralymphatic emboli. Emboli within the dermal lymphatic vessels are thought to contribute to rapid metastasis. The lack of appropriate in vitro models has made it difficult to accurately study how IBC emboli metastasize. To date, attempts at creating IBC tumor emboli in vitro have used 3D culture on a solid layer of MatrigelTM, which does not resemble the physical properties of the lymphatic system. Dermal lymphatic fluid produces oscillatory fluid shear forces and is 1.5–1.7‐fold more viscous than water with a pH range of 7.5–7.7. We have established a method for forming tumor emboli by culturing the IBC cell lines in suspension with either polyethylene glycol‐ or hyaluronic acid‐containing medium and oscillatory fluid shear forces. Non‐IBC cells do not form emboli under identical conditions. In vitro IBC emboli were analyzed for expression of markers associated with patient emboli and their ability to undergo invasion. In a direct comparison, the in vitro IBC emboli closely resemble IBC patient emboli with respect to size, composition and E‐cadherin expression. Further, cells from the emboli are able to invade in clusters via RhoC GTPase‐dependent amoeboid movement. Invasion by clusters of IBC cells is disrupted by exposure to TGFβ. This study provides a biologically relevant in vitro model to accurately grow and study inflammatory breast cancer biology and metastasis.
Prenatal Representations of Family in Parents and Coparental Interactions as Predictors of Triadic Interactions During Infancy
Authors: Favez Nicolas , Frascarolo France , Lavanchy Scaiola ChloÉ , Corboz‐Warnery Antoinette 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this study, we explored the predictive role of family interactions and family representations in mothers and fathers during pregnancy for postnatal mother–father–infant interactions during the first 2 years after birth. Families (N= 42) were seen at the fifth month of pregnancy and at 3 and 18 months after birth. During pregnancy, parents were asked to play with their baby at the first meeting by using a doll in accordance with the procedure of the prenatal Lausanne Trilogue Play (LTP; A. Corboz‐Warnery & E. Fivaz‐Depeursinge, 2001; E. Fivaz‐Depeursinge, F. Frascarolo‐Moutinot, & A. Corboz‐Warnery, 2010). Family representations were assessed by administering the Family System Test (T. Gehring, 1998). Marital satisfaction and the history of the couple were assessed through self‐reported questionnaires. At 3 and 18 months, family interactions were assessed in the postnatal LTP. Infant temperament was assessed through parent reports. Results show that (a) prenatal interactions and child temperament are the most important predictors of family interactions and (b) paternal representations are predictive of family interactions at 3 months. These results show that observational assessment of “nascent” family interactions is possible during pregnancy, which would allow early screening of family maladjustment. The findings also highlight the necessity of taking into account paternal representations as a significant variable in the development of family interactions.
AN EFFICIENT HYBRID LP‐LP METHOD FOR THE OPTIMAL UTILIZATION OF CONFINED AQUIFERS
Authors: Khadem M. , Afshar M. H. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an efficient hybrid methodology for solution of the groundwater management problem. The problem to be addressed is the minimization of the pumping cost of a predefined number of wells of fixed position in a two‐dimensional (2D) confined aquifer. The solution of the problem is defined by the pumping rate of the wells which satisfy downstream demand, the lower/upper bound on the pumping rates, and the upper bound on the water level drawdown in the wells. This problem is one of non‐linear optimization which can be solved using conventional non‐linear programming (NLP) and modern heuristic algorithms with their corresponding advantages and shortcomings. In the proposed method, the problem is formulated as one of optimization in terms of pumping rates and water level drawdown in the wells by embedding the discretized version of the differential equation governing the aquifer in the problem formulation. The resulting constrained non‐linear optimization problem is then decomposed into two linear optimization problems with different sets of decision variables, namely pumping rates and water level drawdown. The newly formed linear problems are solved iteratively using a simplex method leading to a highly efficient hybrid method. The ability and efficiency of the proposed method are tested against three test examples and the results presented and compared to other methods. The results indicate the superiority of the proposed method over others available in the literature such as NLP and GA in both accuracy and computational effort. While the performance of the available methods is shown to deteriorate with the size of the problem, when the number of wells to be operated are increased, the proposed method is shown to be insensitive to problem size, offering a robust method for solving real‐life groundwater management problems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Literacy as Social Action in City Debate
Authors: Cridland‐Hughes Susan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study examines critical literacy and the intersections of oral, aural, written, and performative literate practices in City Debate, an afterschool program dedicated to providing debate instruction to students in a major Southeastern city. Previous research into definitions and beliefs about literacy in an urban debate program over its twenty year history described literacy activities in debate as active and activist, attributes connected with a belief in literacy as critical (Author, 2008). City Debate participants facilitated the development of critical literacy as students prepared to compete in debate tournaments, but also as youth, volunteers, and organizers worked together to develop a community framed around “critical reading, critical thinking, and critical speaking.” This study offers insight into how one empowering youth literacy community prepares students to use critical literacy in debate and throughout their lives.
Critical Conversations on Whiteness With Young Adult Literature
Authors: Schieble Melissa 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this article, the author argues that whiteness remains an overwhelmingly absent dimension in literacy teaching that addresses systems of power from a critical perspective. One way literacy teachers may bring this dimension more explicitly into the classroom is by facilitating critical conversations on whiteness with young adult literature. As whiteness is neither a fixed nor static category, the author analyzes whiteness as intersected with multiple identity markers such as social class and gender in two young adult novels that are popular with adolescents and taught in middle and high school classrooms. The author concludes with recommendations for literacy teachers on how to bring whiteness more explicitly into critical literacy teaching and learning.
A 13‐week toxicity study of acrylamide administered in drinking water to hamsters
Authors: Imai Toshio , Kitahashi Tsukasa 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTAcrylamide (AA) is known to induce tumors in various organs/tissues in rats and mice. Epidemiological studies of oral exposure have generated controversial results but mortality studies of people who work with AA have indicated increased rates of pancreatic cancer. In the present study, for dose selection for chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity studies, 13‐week toxicity of AA was evaluated in Syrian hamsters, which are sensitive to induction of pancreatic ductal carcinogenesis, at concentrations required to provide doses of 0 (control), 20, 30 and 50 mg kg–1 body weight in drinking water. Treatment with AA caused abnormal gait advancing to hind limb paralysis in all males and females at 50 mg kg–1. Body weights in 30 and 50 mg kg–1 males and 50 mg kg–1 females were lower than in the controls. At termination of the study, red blood cells (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) were decreased or showed a tendency for a decrease at 20 and 30 mg kg–1 in females. Microscopically, axonal/myelin degeneration of sciatic nerves was observed in all AA‐treated groups with dose dependence. No obvious changes were found in pancreatic ducts/ductules in any groups of animal. These results indicated the maximum tolerated dose for long‐term studies of AA to be 20 mg kg–1 or less in both male and female Syrian hamsters. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupled external cavity photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence
Authors: Pokhriyal Anusha , Lu Meng , Ge Chun , Cunningham Brian T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe report a fundamentally new approach to enhance fluorescence in which surface adsorbed fluorophore‐tagged biomolecules are excited on a photonic crystal surface that functions as a narrow bandwidth and tunable mirror of an external cavity laser. This scheme leads to ∼10× increase in the electromagnetic enhancement factor compared to ordinary photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence. In our experiments, the cavity automatically tunes its lasing wavelength to the resonance wavelength of the photonic crystal, ensuring optimal on‐resonance coupling even in the presence of variable device parameters and variations in the density of surface‐adsorbed capture molecules. We achieve ∼105× improvement in the limit of detection of a fluorophore‐tagged protein compared to its detection on an unpatterned glass substrate. The enhanced fluorescence signal and easy optical alignment make cavity‐coupled photonic crystals a viable approach for further reducing detection limits of optically‐excited light emitters that are used in biological assays. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Acute Effects of Pyrethroids on Serotonin Release in the Striatum of Awake Rats: An In Vivo Microdialysis Study
Authors: Hossain Muhammad M. , Suzuki Tadahiko , Richardson Jason R. , Kobayashi Haruo 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe present study examined the acute neurotoxic effects of three different pyrethroids, allethrin, cyhalothrin, and deltamethrin on the release of serotonin (5‐HT) and its metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) in the striatum of conscious rats using microdialysis. Allethrin 10 mg/kg reduced extracellular levels of 5‐HT to 46%, whereas 20 and 60 mg/kg increased the release to 177% and 243% of baseline, respectively. Cyhalothrin increased 5‐HT release to 145–204% and deltamethrin decreased to 58–32% of baseline in a dose‐dependent manner. None of the pyrethroids tested altered extracellular levels of 5‐HIAA. Local infusion of the voltage‐gated sodium channel antagonist tetrodotoxin (TTX) into striatum completely prevented the effects of allethrin, cyhalothrin, and deltamethrin (10 and 20 mg/kg) on 5‐HT release. The effect of deltamethrin at 60 mg/kg was completely abolished by striatal infusion of nimodipine (L‐type Ca++ channel antagonist) with TTX. These findings suggest that pyrethroids disrupt the serotonergic neurotransmission in striatum in a dose‐related manner with Na+ and Ca2+ channel‐dependent mechanisms. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:150‐156, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21450
Organizational citizenship behavior in work groups: A team cultural perspective
Authors: Lai Jennifer Y. M. , Lam Long W. , Lam Simon S. K. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryAlthough researchers have often found positive relationships between organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and performance rating, very few studies have scrutinized the team contexts in which such relationships exist. This study examines how OCB influences job performance ratings within different team cultures, as measured by team collectivism and individualism. On the basis of multilevel data collected from 81 teams working at a multinational bank in Hong Kong, team collectivism and individualism were found to moderate the OCB–performance rating relationship such that OCB targeting individuals improved rated performance in highly collectivistic teams only, whereas only organizational OCB produced a significant improvement in highly individualistic teams. The implications of these findings and directions for future research directions are discussed here. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of 3D visual image quality by using high frame rate
Authors: Kuroki Yoshihiko 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe relationship between high frame rate and depth perception was investigated. Psychophysical experiments using moving random dot stereograms to study depth discrimination under several conditions showed that three‐dimensional motion images produced and displayed with a frame rate of 240 fps enable finer discrimination of depth for the viewer compared with frame rates of 120 or 60 fps. In addition, overall evaluations of natural three‐dimensional motion images by viewers confirmed that more natural motion and depth impressions were presented at 240 fps than at lower frame rates. Further, the results are discussed with reference to a recent theoretical model of the dynamic spatial frequency response of the camera/display system.
Multiple Shape‐Memory Behavior of Polyethylene/Polycyclooctene Blends Cross‐Linked by Electron Irradiation
Authors: Radusch Hans‐Joachim , Kolesov Igor , Gohs Uwe , Heinrich Gert 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCovalent networks prepared by electron irradiation of binary and ternary blends of linear and/or short‐chain branched polyethylenes as well as polycyclooctene (polyoctenamer) demonstrate distinctly developed triple‐ and partly quadruple shape‐memory (SM) behavior after one‐step programming. Blends having the morphology with well‐segregated phases, where the matrix has the lower melting/switching temperature in comparison to the disperse phases, evince pronounced steps of SM recovery and modulus as well as distinct differential scanning calorimetry‐melting peaks. Phase morphology and especially phase separation in networks are noticeably affected by thermal history of blends before cross‐linking. All investigated networks show high SM performances with strain fixing and strain recovery ratios of 95–99%. magnified image
Asymptotic analysis of positive solutions of a class of third order nonlinear differential equations in the framework of regular variation
Authors: Jaroš Jaroslav , Takaŝi Kusano , Tanigawa Tomoyuki 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the asymptotic analysis of the third order sublinear differential equation

in the framework of regular variation. It is shown that in case q(t) is nearly regularly varying accurate information can be acquired about the existence of possible positive solutions of (A) and their asymptotic behavior as t → ∞.