bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-efficiency, broadband, and low-crosstalk 3D holography by multi-layer holographic-lens integrated metasurface
Authors: Sun Shuo , Li Jin , Li Xiaoxun , Huang Xiangyu , Zhang Yi , Chen Liang 
Published: August 2024

Holographic display is considered the holy grail of photorealistic three-dimensional (3D) visualization technology because it can provide arbitrary wavefronts related to the essential visual cues of 3D images. Metasurfaces with exceptional high-pixel light modulation capability are increasingly favored for implementing high-quality 3D holography. However, current 3D metasurface holography always has some trade-offs among lots of algorithmic data, acceptable time, image quality, and structure complexity. Therefore, the development of a high-efficiency 3D metasurface holography device is still necessary to meet the increasing high space bandwidth product (SBP) of 3D technology. Here, based on the holographic-lens (HL) computer-generated hologram (CGH) algorithm, we experimentally demonstrate a new 3D metasurface holography device that integrates the 3D image phase cues and multiple layers of virtual lenses with different focal lengths, which exhibits significant capabilities in terms of ultra-high spatial pixel modulation and the generation of high-quality 3D holography characterized by high-efficiency, broadband response, low-crosstalk, and reduced acceptable time. The HL-CGH algorithm was efficiently integrated into parameter-optimized α-Si nanopillar meta-atoms, enabling enhanced visualization of 3D clues in a lens-free system. The prepared 3D HL-metasurface holography presented the presence of multiple depths of a 3D holographic image across a broad spectral range (400–900 nm), providing enhanced 3D visual cues. Our work provides a new perspective on designing metasurface-driven high-SBP 3D holography.
Investigations of the adsorbed layer of polysulfone: Influence of the thickness of the adsorbed layer on the glass transition of thin films
Authors: Omar Hassan , Ahamadi Shayan , Hülagü Deniz , Hidde Gundula , Hertwig Andreas , Szymoniak Paulina , Schönhals Andreas 
Published: August 2024

This work studies the influence of the adsorbed layer on the glass transition of thin films of polysulfone. Therefore, the growth kinetics of the irreversibly adsorbed layer of polysulfone on silicon substrates was first investigated using the solvent leaching approach, and the thickness of the remaining layer was measured with atomic force microscopy. Annealing conditions before leaching were varied in temperature and time (0–336 h). The growth kinetics showed three distinct regions: a pre-growth step where it was assumed that phenyl rings align parallel to the substrate at the shortest annealing times, a linear growth region, and a crossover from linear to logarithmic growth observed at higher temperatures for the longest annealing times. No signs of desorption were observed, pointing to the formation of a strongly adsorbed layer. Second, the glass transition of thin polysulfone films was studied in dependence on the film thickness using spectroscopic ellipsometry. Three annealing conditions were compared: two with only a tightly bound layer formed in the linear growth regime and one with both tightly bound and loosely adsorbed layers formed in the logarithmic growth regime. The onset thickness and increase in the glass transition temperature increases with annealing time and temperature. These differences were attributed to the distinct conformations of the formed adsorbed layers.
Unlocking therapeutic potential: the role of adamantane in drug discovery
Authors: Dane Chianna , Cumbers Grace A. , Allen Beau , Montgomery Andrew P. , Danon Jonathan J. , Kassiou Michael 
Published: August 2024

The unique structural and physicochemical properties of adamantane and its derivatives have attracted considerable attention in the field of medicinal chemistry. Substituting phenyl rings for adamantane or its derivatives has provided a promising strategy to introduce lipophilicity and escape the ‘flat land’ of modern drug discovery. Additionally, the unique three-dimensional structure of adamantane facilitates the precise positioning of substituents allowing for a more effective exploration of drug targets. Evidently, we have seen an increased use of adamantane in pharmaceutically relevant molecules. The following Account highlights our group’s research in five drug discovery programs over the past 15 years showcasing the use of adamantane and its analogues in these studies.
Boundary-aware semantic clustering network for segmentation of prostate zones from T2-weighted MRI
Authors: Kou Weixuan , Marshall Harry , Chiu Bernard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective. Automatic segmentation of prostatic zones from MRI can improve clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer as lesions in the peripheral zone (PZ) and central gland (CG) exhibit different characteristics. Existing approaches are limited in their accuracy in localizing the edges of PZ and CG. The proposed boundary-aware semantic clustering network (BASC-Net) improves segmentation performance by learning features in the vicinity of the prostate zonal boundaries, instead of only focusing on manually segmented boundaries. Approach. BASC-Net consists of two major components: the semantic clustering attention (SCA) module and the boundary-aware contrastive (BAC) loss. The SCA module implements a self-attention mechanism that extracts feature bases representing essential features of the inner body and boundary subregions and constructs attention maps highlighting each subregion. SCA is the first self-attention algorithm that utilizes ground truth masks to supervise the feature basis construction process. The features extracted from the inner body and boundary subregions of the same zone were integrated by BAC loss, which promotes the similarity of features extracted in the two subregions of the same zone. The BAC loss further promotes the difference between features extracted from different zones. Main results. BASC-Net was evaluated on the NCI-ISBI 2013 Challenge and Prostate158 datasets. An inter-dataset evaluation was conducted to evaluate the generalizability of the proposed method. BASC-Net outperformed nine state-of-the-art methods in all three experimental settings, attaining Dice similarity coefficients of 79.9% and 88.6% for PZ and CG, respectively, in the NCI-ISBI dataset, 80.5% and 89.2% for PZ and CG, respectively, in Prostate158 dataset, and 73.2% and 87.4% for PZ and CG, respectively, in the inter-dataset evaluation. Significance. As prostate lesions in PZ and CG have different characteristics, the zonal boundaries segmented by BASC-Net will facilitate prostate lesion detection.
Characterization of the ELM-free negative triangularity edge on DIII-D
Authors: Nelson A O , Schmitz L , Cote T , Parisi J F , Stewart S , Paz-Soldan C , Thome K E , Austin M E , Scotti F , Barr J L , Hyatt A , Leuthold N , Marinoni A , Neiser T , Osborne T , Richner N , Welander A S , Wehner W P , Wilcox R , Wilks T M , Yang J ,   the DIII-D Team
Published: August 2024

AbstractTokamak plasmas with strong negative triangularity (NT) shaping typically exhibit fundamentally different edge behavior than conventional L-mode or H-mode plasmas. On DIII-D, every plasma with sufficiently negative triangularity (δ<δcrit≃−0.12) is found to be inherently free of edge localized modes (ELMs), even at injected powers well above the predicted L-H power threshold. It is also possible to access an ELM-free state at weaker average triangularities, provided that at least one of the twox-points is still sufficiently negative. Access to the ELM-free NT scenario is found to coincide with the closure of the second stability region for infinite-nballooning modes, suggesting that ballooning stability may play a role in limiting the accessible pressure gradient in NT plasmas. Despite this, NT plasmas are able to support small pedestals and are typically characterized by an enhancement of edge pressure gradients beyond those found in traditional L-mode plasmas. Furthermore, the pressure gradient inside of this small pedestal is unusually steep, allowing access to high core performance that is competitive with other ELM-free regimes previously achieved on DIII-D. Since ELM-free operation in NT is linked directly to the magnetic geometry, NT fusion pilot plants are predicted to maintain advantageous edge conditions even in burning plasma regimes, potentially eliminating reactor core-integration issues caused by ELMs.
A tungsten-wall sputtering model for the plasma start-up simulation in tokamaks
Authors: Lee Sangil , Lee Jeongwon , Kwon Jaemin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Tungsten (W) is the most probable material for the plasma-facing components of fusion reactors due to its excellent thermal and physical properties. A W-wall sputtering model has been established to simulate the start-up of a tokamak plasma using the 0D simulation code DYON. This model incorporates the revised Bohdansky formula to calculate the sputtering yield and a modified formula for calculating the energy impacting the walls. This formula integrates the temporal behavior of electron and ion temperatures at the plasma edge, which has been partially verified by the Thomson scattering diagnostic data. With the new model in place, predictive simulations were conducted for KSTAR’s Ohmic plasma under two W-wall scenarios: one with the entire wall surface covered by W and the other with 95% coverage of W and 5% coverage of carbon (C). The results indicate that the full-W wall may perform better from the perspective of start-up performance. The disparity can primarily be attributed to impurities generated through sputtering and recycling on the C wall. The validity of this model will be finally confirmed when the Thomson diagnostic system is able to precisely measure the edge electron temperature during plasma start-up.
Rigid flocks, undulatory gaits, and chiral foldamers in a chemically active polymer
Authors: Gopal Subramaniam Arvin , Kumar Manoj , Thutupalli Shashi , Singh Rajesh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Active matter systems—such as a collection of active colloidal particles—operate far from equilibrium with complex inter-particle interactions that govern their collective dynamics. Predicting the collective dynamics of such systems may aid the design of self-shaping structures comprised of active colloidal units with a prescribed dynamical function. Here, using simulations and theory, we study the collective dynamics of a chain consisting of active Brownian particles with internal interactions via trail-mediated chemicals, connected by harmonic springs in two dimensions to obtain design principles for active colloidal molecules. We show that two-dimensional confinement and chemo-repulsive interactions between the freely-jointed particles lead to an emergent rigidity of the chain in the steady-state dynamics. In the chemo-attractive regime, the chain collapses into crystals that abruptly halt their motion. Further, in a chain consisting of a binary mixture of monomers, we show that non-reciprocal chemical affinities between distinct species give rise to novel phenomena, such as chiral molecules with tunable dynamics, sustained undulatory gaits and reversal of the direction of motion. Our results suggest a novel interpretation of the role of trail-mediated interactions, in addition to providing active self-assembly principles arising due to non-reciprocal interactions.
Synthesis and characterizations of silver nanoparticles-based conductive ink for high-frequency electronics
Authors: Iram Nazia , Khan Salman Naeem , Ahmed Muqarrab , Mir Amna , Anwar Nadia , Naeem Muhammad , Nguyen Van-Huy , Pham Phuong V 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This work presents the synthesis and performance evaluation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)-based ink for high-frequency applications. Through varying concentrations, ratios of precursors, and reducing agents, three inks having different NP sizes are made and transformed into patterns. Structural, optical, and morphological studies of as-prepared NP-based inks were carried out using different characterization tools. Finally, for feasibility verification, synthesized ink for printed electronics, a prototype fabrication of a micro-strip transmission line and inline patch antenna was made. The simulation was performed by CST Microwave Studio to optimize the parameters of the prototype antenna and transmission line. The optical microscope revealed smooth morphology of the antenna. The return loss of the fabricated transmission line and antenna analyzed by the Vector Network analyzer showed that the silver ink-based prototypes have good efficiency and low loss. Overall, the results highlight the remarkable performance of NPs towards printed radio frequency-based electronics.
Structural stability and metallization of orpiment at high pressure
Authors: Qin Tian , Shi Yuyang , Wu Min , Tu Bingtian , Wu Ye , Wang Kai , Huang Haijun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Binary arsenic sulfide compounds have garnered significant attention owing to their wide-ranging physical properties and promising potential in the domains of electronics and optoelectronics. As a naturally abundant and historically significant semiconductor mineral, orpiment (crystalline As2S3) has encountered limited utilization in the realm of optoelectronics due to its considerable bandgap width. For orpiment with its quasi-two-dimensional layered structure, pressure is one of the most effective methods to regulate its crystal structure and physical properties. In this work, the structural behavior, optical and electrical properties of orpiment under high pressure have been investigated systematically utilizing a combination of experimental methods and theoretical calculations. The monoclinic structure of orpiment is stable up to 48 GPa without structural phase transitions involving changes in the space group occurred. The noticeable changes of lattice parameters, axial ratios, and interatomic distances above 20 GPa are ascribed to a transformation from a two-dimensional layered structure to a quasi-three-dimensional crystal framework. Continuous lattice contraction upon compression is accompanied by gradual bandgap narrowing, which leads to metallization of orpiment. The pressure-induced metallization of orpiment occurs above 40 GPa. The structural behavior, optical and electrical properties of orpiment at high pressure exhibit reversible hysteresis upon pressure release. This study offers a high-pressure approach for modulating crystal structure and physical properties of orpiment to expand its potential applications in the fields of electronics and optoelectronics.
Enhanced fault detection in automobile clutch system using CATboost with feature fusion method
Authors: Sai Samavedam Aditya , Chakrapani G , Annamalai K , Sugumaran V 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Automobile clutch systems represent pivotal components within vehicles that facilitate smooth gear shifting, optimal engine operation, and efficient power transmission. Ensuring the integrity of clutch systems is paramount for maintaining vehicle performance and safety standards. Consequently, developing robust fault detection methodologies is imperative for promptly identifying potential issues. This study investigates the application of a CATboost classifier with feature fusion to analyse vibrational signals from clutch systems. Vibrational signals, collected via specialized sensors across various clutch conditions, serve as the primary dataset for fault detection analysis. A comprehensive feature fusion approach, combining statistical, histogram, and Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) features, aims to enhance fault detection accuracy. By integrating these feature sets, the study gains insights into clutch system behavior under varying operational circumstances. The classifier successfully identifies five distinct faults: worn release fingers, fractured pressure plates, deteriorated pressure plates, loss of friction material, and distorted tangential strips. Each fault presents unique challenges, emphasizing the significance of accurate detection mechanisms. Results underscore the remarkable performance of the CATboost classifier, achieving 100% accuracy when combining ARMA and statistical features. Impressive accuracy rates of 98.889% and 97.50% are observed with alternative feature combinations. Five other machine learning models (Decision Stump, Hoeffding Tree, REP Tree, SVM, and Random Forest) were also trained on the best feature combination set and compared to CATboost, illustrating its superiority. These findings substantiate the efficacy of feature fusion in augmenting fault detection capabilities within automobile clutch systems. The study’s outcomes highlight the potential for improving vehicle maintenance practices, reducing downtime, and enhancing overall automotive safety through advanced fault detection techniques. Future research could explore real-time implementation of these methods in vehicle diagnostics systems.
Theoretical and experimental study of electronic, structural and optical properties of PVDF-SnO2:Zr nanocomposites for novel optoelectronic applications
Authors: Yousaf M , Khan M Junaid Iqbal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Current research elaborates theoretical and experimental investigations on SnO2:Zr added PVDF nanocomposites. The electronic and optical properties of Zr doped SnO2 are studied using the Wien2k code. After obtaining a good optical response of SnO2 at various Zr concentrations, thin films of PVDF-SnO2:Zr nanocomposites are prepared using the co-precipitation method. SEM analysis of SnO2:Zr reveals agglomerated nanoparticles with hollow regions, while nanofiller added PVDF shows acicular morphology, which improves the photoresponse of materials. EDX predicts the correct elemental composition in each case. Optical band gap of PVDF-SnO2:Zr nanocomposites thin films is significantly reduced, which helps in good conduction. The optical properties of SnO2 are enhanced by varying Zr contents, and consequently, the addition of these nanofillers to the PVDF matrix results in an improvement of optical response in the visible region. Enhanced absorption and conductivity with the effect of increasing nanofillers contents and an increase in dielectric constant emphasize the potential uses of these polymer nanocomposites in novel photovoltaic, solar, optoelectronic, and energy storage devices.
Numerical simulation of all inorganic CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells with diverse charge transport layers using DFT and SCAPS-1D frameworks
Authors: Saikia Dibyajyoti , Das Chayan , Chetia Anupam , Betal Atanu , Sahu Satyajit 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
All inorganic CsPbX3 perovskites (X = Br and I) are excellent candidates for stable and efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Among them, CsPbIBr2 demonstrated the most balanced characteristics in terms of band gap and stability. Nevertheless, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CsPbIBr2-based solar cells is still far from that of Hybrid PSCs, and more research is required in this aspect. Herein, DFT and SCAPS-1D frameworks are employed to explore the optimized device configurations of CsPbIBr2 PSCs. DFT is used to explore the structural and optoelectronic characteristics of CsPbIBr2, while SCAPS-1D is employed to examine various device structures of CsPbIBr2-based PSCs. The band structure demonstrated the direct band gap nature of CsPbIBr2 with a band gap of 2.12 eV. Moreover, we have used TiO2, SnO2, ZnO, WS2, IGZO, CeO2, In2S3, and CdS as ETLs, and Cu2O, CuI, MoO3, NiO, CuSCN, CuSbS2, CBTS, CFTS, and CuO as HTLs for identifying the best ETL/CsPbIBr2/HTL configurations. Among 72 device combinations, eight sets of PSCs are identified as the most efficient configurations. In addition, the influence of various parameters like the thickness of various layers, doping concentration, perovskite defect density, ETLs and interfaces, series resistances, shunt resistances, and temperature on device performance have been comprehensively studied. The results demonstrate Cu2O as the best HTL for CsPbIBr2 with each ETL, and PSC with device structure ITO/WS2/CsPbIBr2/Cu2O/C exhibited the highest PCE of 16.53%. This comprehensive investigation will provide new path for the development of highly efficient all-inorganic CsPbIBr2 solar cells.
Modification of nanoparticles synthesized during ablation of metals in water using nanosecond, picosecond, and femtosecond pulses
Authors: Ganeev R A , Yassine A , Boltaev G S , Yalishev V S , Alnaser A S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We show that the pulse duration of laser radiation used for metal ablation in water affects the nanoparticle morphology over a two-month aging period. Aluminum, copper, indium, and zinc spherical nanoparticles evolved into the elliptical, triangular, seed-like, rod-like, and rectangular forms. The most effective transformation of spherical nanoparticles into nonspherical shapes occurred with picosecond pulse ablation. Spectral analysis of the aged nanoparticle suspensions revealed changes in both the visible and UV ranges. Our study showed the correlation between the suppression of the surface plasmon resonances of the suspensions of aged nanoparticles and modification of spherical structures toward the nonspherical nano- and microparticles.
Optical properties of cylindrical topological photonic crystal heterostructures
Authors: Roshan Entezar Samad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper uses a modified transfer matrix method to investigate the optical properties of a cylindrical topological photonic crystal heterostructure composed of two cylindrical photonic crystals. Topological photonic crystals are novel structures with topological edge states capable of field confinement and robust propagation. Numerical results showed that when the sum of the phases of the reflection coefficients of the two cylindrical photonic crystals is zero, a topological edge state occurs inside their overlapping band gaps. In the linear regime, the peak frequency of the topological edge states undergoes a redshift as the incidence angle increases. An increase in the incidence angle leads to a decrease (increase) in the Full width at half maximum of the E-polarized (H-polarized) topological edge states. As the incidence angle increases, the frequency separation between the E-polarized and H-polarized topological edge states increases, causing the cylindrical heterostructure to work as a polarizer. The performance of the cylindrical topological photonic crystal heterostructure as a polarizer is evaluated in the linear and nonlinear regimes. We showed that the peak frequency of the topological edge states undergoes a redshift irrespective of their polarization state as the intensity of the input light increases. We found that the structure has a good performance in the nonlinear regime due to the higher displacement in E-polarized topological edge states compared to H-polarized topological edge states. The findings of this paper might be beneficial in the construction of polarization-maintaining optical fiber, which has specific applications in telecommunications, fiber optic sensing, interferometry, and quantum key distribution.