bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global analysis of protein aggregation in yeast during physiological conditions and arsenite stress
Authors: Ibstedt Sebastian , Sideri Theodora C. , Grant Chris M. , Tamás Markus J. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
Protein aggregation is a widespread phenomenon in cells and associated with pathological conditions. Yet, little is known about the rules that govern protein aggregation in living cells. In this study, we biochemically isolated aggregation-prone proteins and used computational analyses to identify characteristics that are linked to physiological and arsenite-induced aggregation in living yeast cells. High protein abundance, extensive physical interactions, and certain structural properties are positively correlated with an increased aggregation propensity. The aggregated proteins have high translation rates and are substrates of ribosome-associated Hsp70 chaperones, indicating that they are susceptible for aggregation primarily during translation/folding. The aggregation-prone proteins are enriched for multiple chaperone interactions, thus high protein abundance is probably counterbalanced by molecular chaperones to allow soluble expression in vivo. Our data support the notion that arsenite interferes with chaperone activity and indicate that arsenite-aggregated proteins might engage in extensive aberrant protein–protein interactions. Expression of aggregation-prone proteins is down-regulated during arsenite stress, possibly to prevent their toxic accumulation. Several aggregation-prone yeast proteins have human homologues that are implicated in misfolding diseases, suggesting that similar mechanisms may apply in disease- and non-disease settings.
Co-activator independent differences in how the metaphase and anaphase APC/C recognise the same substrate
Authors: Matsusaka Takahiro , Enquist-Newman Maria , Morgan David O. , Pines Jonathon 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
The Anaphase Promoting Complex or Cyclosome (APC/C) is critical to the control of mitosis. The APC/C is an ubiquitin ligase that targets specific mitotic regulators for proteolysis at distinct times in mitosis, but how this is achieved is not well understood. We have addressed this question by determining whether the same substrate, cyclin B1, is recognised in the same way by the APC/C at different times in mitosis. Unexpectedly, we find that distinct but overlapping motifs in cyclin B1 are recognised by the APC/C in metaphase compared with anaphase, and this does not depend on the exchange of Cdc20 for Cdh1. Thus, changes in APC/C substrate specificity in mitosis can potentially be conferred by altering interaction sites in addition to exchanging Cdc20 for Cdh1.
Enhanced glucose tolerance in pancreatic derived factor (PANDER) knockout C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Moak Shari L. , Dougan Grace C. , MarElia Catherine B. , Danse Whitney A. , Fernandez Amanda M. , Kuehl Melanie N. , Athanason Mark G. , Burkhardt Brant R. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
PANcreatic-DERived Factor (PANDER, FAM3B) is a uniquely structured protein strongly expressed within and secreted from the endocrine pancreas. PANDER has been hypothesized to regulate fasting and fed glucose homeostasis, hepatic lipogenesis and insulin signaling, and serve a potential role in the onset or progression of type 2 diabetes. Despite having a potential pleiotropic pivotal role in glycemic regulation and T2D, there has been limited generation of stable animal models for PANDER investigation, with none on well-established genetic murine backgrounds for T2D. Our aim was to generate an enhanced murine model to further elucidate the biological function of PANDER. Therefore, a pure bred PANDER C57BL/6 knockout model (PANKO-C57) was created and phenotypically characterized with respect to glycemic regulation and hepatic insulin signaling. The PANKO-C57 exhibited an enhanced metabolic phenotype particularly with regard to enhanced glucose tolerance. Male PANKO-C57 mice displayed decreased fasting plasma insulin and c-peptide levels, whereas leptin levels were increased as compared to matched C57BL/6J WT mice. Despite similar peripheral insulin sensitivity between both groups, hepatic insulin signaling was significantly increased during fasting conditions as demonstrated by increased phosphorylation of hepatic Akt and AMPK along with mature SREBP-1 expression. Insulin stimulation of PANKO-C57 mice resulted in increased hepatic triglyceride and glycogen content as compared to C57BL/6 WT. In summary, the PANKO-C57 mouse represents a suitable model for the investigation of PANDER in multiple metabolic states and provides an additional tool to elucidate the biological function and potential role in T2D.
A novel interaction between Rab7b and actomyosin reveals a dual role in intracellular transport and cell migration
Authors: Borg Marita , Bakke Oddmund , Progida Cinzia 
Published: September 2014

Rab proteins are small GTPases that regulate the transport between the different compartments of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells. Here, we show that Rab7b, a Rab that controls the transport between late endosomes and the TGN, interacts directly with myosin II. We illustrate the functional significance of this interaction, demonstrating that myosin II mediates the transport of Rab7b endosomes, as Rab7b dynamics are strongly affected after myosin II depletion or inhibition. We also demonstrate that a member of the Rab family regulates actin remodeling and, consequently, influences cell adhesion, polarization and migration. We find the molecular mechanism by which Rab7b influences stress fiber formation, through controlling the activation status of the small GTPase RhoA, and therefore by influencing myosin light chain phosphorylation.
Our findings reveal a novel role for Rab proteins outside their canonical role in intracellular trafficking, identifying Rab7b as a coordinator of cytoskeletal organization.
Human and Financial Capital for Microenterprise Development: Evidence from a Field and Lab Experiment
Authors: Berge Lars Ivar Oppedal , Bjorvatn Kjetil , Tungodden Bertil 
Published: September 2014

Microenterprises constitute an important source of employment, and developing such enterprises is a key policy concern in most countries. But what is the most efficient tool for microenterprise development? We study this question in a developing country context (Tanzania), where microenterprises are the source of employment for more than half of the labor force, and we report from a field experiment that jointly investigated the importance of a human capital intervention (business training) and a financial capital intervention (business grant). Using data from three survey rounds, a lab experiment, and administrative records of the microfinance institution, we present evidence on business performance, management practices, happiness, business knowledge, and noncognitive abilities. Our study demonstrates strong effects of the combination of the two interventions on male entrepreneurs, while the effects on female entrepreneurs are much more muted. The results suggest that long-term finance is an important constraint for microfinance entrepreneurs, but that business training is essential to transform financial capital into productive investments. Our study also points to the need for more comprehensive measures to promote the businesses of female entrepreneurs. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1933 . This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
(Un)conditional hospitality: The host experience of the Polynesian community in Auckland
Authors: Schänzel Heike A. , Brocx Monique , Sadaraka Lisa 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
There is an increased attention to the visiting friends and relatives phenomenon for destinations, yet the hosting experience is still neglected. One group of prolific hosts comprises the Polynesian families in Auckland, New Zealand, who are the focus of this study. In-depth interviews were conducted with eleven Pacifica people in Auckland to understand the experiences associated with hosting family from the Islands. Hosting relatives from the Pacific Islands is embedded in the cultural responsibilities of belonging to the Polynesian community and diaspora. The findings highlight the more unconditional nature of Polynesian hospitality with its emphasis on cultural connectedness, generativity and reciprocity as part of social capital formation. The contribution of providing hospitality through hosting deserves more attention for its integral role in social life. There are also obligatory aspects of reciprocity, inconveniences and responsibilities within Polynesian hospitality adding strain to an already vulnerable and marginalized population in New Zealand. More debate is needed about the sustainability of this notion of unconditional or obligated hospitality within modern society.
Scotland’s Future, hospitality and social healing
Authors: Phipps Alison 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The Referendum on Independence for Scotland, 18 September 2014, provides the context for this article. The Referendum is controversial. It focuses on the right of people to self-determination. The controversies of how a nation might constitute itself have been an important feature of wide-ranging grassroots discussions and political meetings since the date of the Referendum was announced and the White Paper: Scotland’s Future was published in November 2013. This article charts the controversies of who might be a member of a future nation, and what happens when decision-making occurs, in refugee and asylum determination cases, to exclude or to set aside humanitarian protection for political purposes. As such this article provides a note from present day controversies around hospitality and society and the way these terms are contested in national and community struggles for inclusion, protection and justice.
Reviews
Authors: Boudou Benjamin , Gregorash Bill J. , Manzo Lidia K. C. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Hospitality and World Politics, Gideon Baker (ed.) (2013) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 272 pp., ISBN: 9780415561778, h/bk, £57.50
Behind the Kitchen Door, Saru Jayaraman (2013) Ithaca, NY: ILR Press/Cornell University Press, 208 pp., ISBN: 9780801451720, h/bk, $21.95/£13.50
Market Place: Food Quarters, Design and Urban Renewal in London, Susan Parham (2012) Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, xi+332 pp., ISBN: 9781443841726, h/bk, £49.99
Anmerkungen zur Friedensdiskussion
Authors: Brakelmann Günter 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Part of the basis of the theory and practice of peace policy is the acknowledgment of the ambivalence ofhuman nature and history, the reality ofthe capacity for both war and peace. This insight Ieads to the setting of comparative aims for peace policy, to a reform-based implementation of more peace in the face of an unpeaceful world. A world peace order cannot disregard the existence of sovereign states and their interests. Combining international cooperation and communication with a residual policy of nuclear deterrence could minimize military conflicts. At national Ievel this orientation towards peace requires a legal system along the lines of a social constitutional state.
Ethik zwischen sozialverfaßter Habitualität und Reflexion
Authors: Maaser Wolfgang 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The article proceeds from the basal fact that all ethical reflections are developped in a contexture which can be defined as socially constituted habituality; to this contexture are related the individuals, reflecting or not, by their social identity. Unfortunately most of the programms of ethics delete these relations by prefering a logifying approach to ethics which is not prepared to take into consideration the realm ofthose ambiguous interferences. By this means the prerequesites for performing ethical conduct, both are ignored and contrasted, nota bene, darkly and dimly with ethical discernments. However, parts of the tradition of rhetorics can give a clue to both how to disentangle the universe of prerequesites and to operationalize them as constituents of ethical reflections. This is concerning our understanding of reason, too; all reason ist finite, not able to spread out itselfto pure reason but competent to thematize its attachment to historical habituality. The outlines of such an understanding of reason are to discover in Dietrich Bonhoeffer's »Ethik« to confront the fideistic tendencies of protestantism and disclaim a methaphysical determination of reason
Christliches Menschenbild und geistige Behinderung
Authors: Hübner lngolf 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article on the Christian understanding of human existence and the mentally-handicapped gives a survey of the care and advancement of the handicapperl in the former G.D.R. It describes the initial church stance regarding this work after World War II and compares the insuing efforts of both church and state. In spite of political repression this type of care became a primary field of diaconic work. Diaconic efforts consisted of staff training, the construction of special buildings, and the international exchange of ideas and practice. A major concem was the widescale integration of the handicapped.
Der Stilbegriff als Paradigma der Wirtschaftsethik
Authors: Dietzfelbinger Daniel 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The author deals with the question, how to mediate between oeconomic imperatives and ethical principles. He offers to turn »oeconomic style« to advantage as a pattern of this mediation. The attraction of the suggestion is shown in a profound reconstruction of Alfred Müller-Armacks concept of »Soziale Marktwirtschaft« as an oeconomic-ethical programm.
Distinkt, aber nicht illegitim
Authors: Grotefeld Stefan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The author examines three models of protestant ethics (St. Hauerwas, E. Herms, J. Fischer) asking the following questions: how do they conceive the distinctive character of the christian ethos, how do they understand the relationship between christian ethos and public sphere and are they capable of refusing the liberal demand for self-restriction. All of these models can be interpreted as attempts to describe the distinctive feature of the christian ethos as something which is an essential element all moralities have in common. Although the autor regards the intuist model as the most plausible, he argues that it is not able to reject the liberal demand for self-restriction. Therefore, this challenge can be met only by demonstrating that the restriction of religious and other comprehensive doctrines does not necessarily follow from the liberal principle of legitimacy. The author outlines how this can done be done.
Ohne Ansehen der Person
Authors: Berner Knut 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article describes the intrinsic ambivalence of the face-to-face communication and gives examples to support its thesis, that there is no reason for preferring a concept of human understanding, which ignores the medial influences for personal communication in modern societies. The remembrance ofGod's invisibility also gives- especially for theological ethics - some further aspects to transform the traditional opinion, that only the visibility and authentic presentation of persans can be a good foundation formoral acting.
„... immer zu trösten“
Authors: Niethammer Dietrich 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this article, a paediatrician responsible for the paediatric hospital ofthe University ofTübingen, discusses the importance of ethical consultations in daily clinical practice. Unlike in the USA, where there are two kinds of institutional ethical advice (Ethical Review Boards take care of fundamental questions concerning medical research and Ethical Commitees handle problems which occur in medical practice), Germany's hospitals have only established Ethikkommissionen which deal with research involving human cell material, but no discussion boards for ethical issues relating to normal medical treatment. The author describes the ad hoc consultations in bis hospital in which doctors and nursing staff can discuss those problems, from their own point of view, without either diminishing the physicians 's responsibility or patronizing the patient.
Menschenwürde, Rationalität und Gefühl
Authors: Fischer Johannes 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
What is the concept of human dignity derived from? Does it have its foundation in the emotions or in reason? By dint of a differentiation between a premoral, sittliche orientation in acting (differentiated in premoral goods, duties and virtues) and a moral orientation, which is due to an external evaluating moral community, the author comes to the conclusion that human dignity finds its foundation in both the emotions and rationality. This has important implications for the task of a theological ethics insofar it is concerned with the concept of human dignity and its enforcement
»We gonna bin laden them!«
Authors: Schäfer Heinrich 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Actual armed conflict develops to a large extent as »New Wars« (Kaldor, Münkler). Meanwhile traditional peace ethics address either the global/regional or the local level, the dynamicss of New Wars and the according peace building strategies of »peace constituencies« (Lederach) create a new »glocal« (Robertson) field of action. The challenge for Christian peace ethics is now to find a third way between universalistic and communitarian approaches. In this essay the author proposes a »methodological communitarianism« that roots in Bourdieuian sociology and philosophical thinking of Michael Walzer and Richard Rorty. It connects »thick« morals to »thin« principles in the peace constituenties’ task to build bridges between mutally excluding morals. Thus, it is suitable to model Christian peace ethics for this specific new challenge
Perspektiven ökumenischer Ethik
Authors: Körtner Ulrich H.J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In the ecumenical discussion, the lingering differences between the concessions are realised more generally again. Not only does this apply for dogmatics, but also for ethics. Eberhard Schockenhoff’s critical inquiries are recognised as a helpful impulse for the self-control of protestant ethics in the sense of an »ecumenism of objection« (Richard Schenk). However, Schockenhoff’s allegation of breaking with traditions in this respect calls for closer examination. Besides that, unsolved questions have to be put to Catholic moral theology. Some of these include the role of the Christian teaching authority, and the exposure to plurality
tRNAs: new tricks from old dogs
Authors: Stoecklin Georg , Diederichs Sven 
Published: September 2014

tRNA biology has lately seen a revival with the discovery of tRNA cleavage products as mediators of stress responses. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Blanco et al now report that tRNA methylation, by protecting from cleavage, is relevant for normal brain development. The versatility of tRNA is further emphasized by a recent study in Cell that uncovered differential expression of tRNAs as a means to accustom codon usage bias to the needs in proliferating versus differentiating cells.
Direct interaction of actin filaments with F‐BAR protein pacsin2
Authors: Kostan Julius , Salzer Ulrich , Orlova Albina , Törö Imre , Hodnik Vesna , Senju Yosuke , Zou Juan , Schreiner Claudia , Steiner Julia , Meriläinen Jari , Nikki Marko , Virtanen Ismo , Carugo Oliviero , Rappsilber Juri , Lappalainen Pekka , Lehto Veli‐Pekka , Anderluh Gregor , Egelman Edward H , Djinović‐Carugo Kristina 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTwo mechanisms have emerged as major regulators of membrane shape: BAR domain‐containing proteins, which induce invaginations and protrusions, and nuclear promoting factors, which cause generation of branched actin filaments that exert mechanical forces on membranes. While a large body of information exists on interactions of BAR proteins with membranes and regulatory proteins of the cytoskeleton, little is known about connections between these two processes. Here, we show that the F‐BAR domain protein pacsin2 is able to associate with actin filaments using the same concave surface employed to bind to membranes, while some other tested N‐BAR and F‐BAR proteins (endophilin, CIP4 and FCHO2) do not associate with actin. This finding reveals a new level of complexity in membrane remodeling processes.
Specific roles for dendritic cell subsets during initiation and progression of psoriasis
Authors: Glitzner Elisabeth , Korosec Ana , Brunner Patrick M , Drobits Barbara , Amberg Nicole , Schonthaler Helia B , Kopp Tamara , Wagner Erwin F , Stingl Georg , Holcmann Martin , Sibilia Maria 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSeveral subtypes of APCs are found in psoriasis patients, but their involvement in disease pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the contribution of Langerhans cells (LCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) in psoriasis. In human psoriatic lesions and in a psoriasis mouse model (DKO* mice), LCs are severely reduced, whereas pDCs are increased. Depletion of pDCs in DKO* mice prior to psoriasis induction resulted in a milder phenotype, whereas depletion during active disease had no effect. In contrast, while depletion of Langerin‐expressing APCs before disease onset had no effect, depletion from diseased mice aggravated psoriasis symptoms. Disease aggravation was due to the absence of LCs, but not other Langerin‐expressing APCs. LCs derived from DKO* mice produced increased IL‐10 levels, suggesting an immunosuppressive function. Moreover, IL‐23 production was high in psoriatic mice and further increased in the absence of LCs. Conversely, pDC depletion resulted in reduced IL‐23 production, and therapeutic inhibition of IL‐23R signaling ameliorated disease symptoms. Therefore, LCs have an anti‐inflammatory role during active psoriatic disease, while pDCs exert an instigatory function during disease initiation.
Genomic Analysis of the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Reveals Possible Conservation of Vertebrate Sex Determination in a Mollusc
Authors: Zhang Na , Xu Fei , Guo Ximing 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDespite the prevalence of sex in animal kingdom, we have only limited understanding of how sex is determined and evolved in many taxa. The mollusc Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas exhibits complex modes of sexual reproduction that consists of protandric dioecy, sex change, and occasional hermaphroditism. This complex system is controlled by both environmental and genetic factors through unknown molecular mechanisms. In this study, we investigated genes related to sex-determining pathways in C. gigas through transcriptome sequencing and analysis of female and male gonads. Our analysis identified or confirmed novel homologs in the oyster of key sex-determining genes (SoxH or Sry-like and FoxL2) that were thought to be vertebrate-specific. Their expression profile in C. gigas is consistent with conserved roles in sex determination, under a proposed model where a novel testis-determining CgSoxH may serve as a primary regulator, directly or indirectly interacting with a testis-promoting CgDsx and an ovary-promoting CgFoxL2. Our findings plus previous results suggest that key vertebrate sex-determining genes such as Sry and FoxL2 may not be inventions of vertebrates. The presence of such genes in a mollusc with expression profiles consistent with expected roles in sex determination suggest that sex determination may be deeply conserved in animals, despite rapid evolution of the regulatory pathways that in C. gigas may involve both genetic and environmental factors.