bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocontrol of post‐harvest Alternaria alternata decay of cherry tomatoes with rhamnolipids and possible mechanisms of action
Authors: Yan Fujie , Xu Shixiang , Guo Jun , Chen Qianru , Meng Qin , Zheng Xiaodong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDRhamnolipids were reported to have evident antifungal activity. The efficacy of rhamnolipids against Alternaria alternata and their possible mechanisms involved were investigated.RESULTThe decay incidences of A. alternata of cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) treated by rhamnolipids were significantly reduced. The in vitro assays showed that rhamnolipids inhibited fungal growth on solid medium and prevented spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid medium. In addition, the combination of rhamnolipids and essential oil had a synergistic effect leading to the decrease of fungicidal concentrations of laurel oil. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations of the pathogen revealed significant morphological and cell structural alterations in the hyphae. Compared to the control, the content of nucleic acid in supernatant of the suspension of A. alternata increased, while the content of DNA and protein of mycelium decreased, which was in agreement with electrolyte leakage experiments.CONCLUSIONRhamnolipids could be an alternative to chemicals for controlling post‐harvest phytopathogenic fungi on fruits and vegetables. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Does the tympanic membrane have a natural opening? The historical saga of the foramen of rivinus
Authors: Mudry Albert 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesFrom the end of the 17th century until well into the 20th century, the question of whether the tympanic membrane possesses a natural opening or not in its normal state has been the subject of much controversy. The aim of this study was to go back to the original documents describing this tympanic foramen, and to follow through the centuries the various controversies and discussions surrounding the presence or not of this foramen.Data SourcesSelected otological textbooks and articles from the end of the 17th century until the second part of the 20th century.Review MethodHistorical.ResultsThis study demonstrates the tenacity of the human brain in its regular review of questions that seem to have been answered, even when universal acceptation of said answer is almost present. The controversy around the foramen of Rivinus spanned nearly 300 years, until the mid‐20th century.ConclusionsThe introduction of the regular use of an ear microscope to practice otoscopy gave the definitive answer: the tympanic membrane does not have a natural opening in its normal state.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:448–452, 2015
Individually Addressable Suspended Conducting‐Polymer Wires in a Chemiresistive Gas Sensor
Authors: Chang Won Suk , Kim Jung Hyun , Kim Daeho , Cho Sung Ho , Kwon Seol Seung 
Published: July 2014

An effective method is described for producing poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) arched microwires, which are used as transducers in chemiresistive gas sensors. Three‐dimensional arched wires with diameters of 0.8, 1.2, 2.5, and 10 μm are individually fabricated by using a simple, inexpensive fountain‐pen lithography technique. The wires show superior stretchable behavior under omnidirectional strain of ca. 120%. A gas sensor assembled with the PEDOT:PSS arched wires exhibits linear responses to the concentrations of different vapor gases, such as ethanol, acetone, and methanol, at room temperature. The signal‐to‐noise ratio in the sensing response, which influences the detection limit, is enhanced by increasing the number of wires with a larger surface‐to‐volume ratio in parallel to increasing the signal level and diminishing the baseline noise in the wire transducers.
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Evolution of a Wavelike Undulation in Polymer Thin Films with Immobilized Film Spanning Nanoparticles
Authors: Dou Nannan , Jiang Hua , Zhang Xiaohua , Yang Zhaohui 
Published: July 2014

The evolution of wavelike surface undulations in a thin polymer film under thermal stress in the presence of immobilized film spanning nanoparticles (NPs) is investigated. The elastic stresses in the plane of the polymer thin films is induced by fixed lateral constraints within the film (immobilized NPs) that resist in‐plane film thermal expansion as the temperature increases. Wavelike surface undulations arising from stress relaxation are observed as the thin‐film systems are heated above the glass‐transition temperature (Tg). The thermal stress affects both the characteristic wavelengths and the amplitudes of the wavelike surface undulations. Although the origin is different, the dynamic evolution of these wavelike undulations is strikingly similar in characteristics to spinodal decomposition. As compared with typical spinodal‐decomposition kinetics in liquid systems in which the early and intermediate stages are difficult to probe due to the narrow range of time scales, the overall evolutionary process of the wavelike surface undulations in NP‐filled polymer thin films is captured. The growth of the wavelike undulations shows characteristic time dependencies at the intermediate and late stages of instability.
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Tandem Action of SNS–Cr and CGC–Ti in Preparation of Ethylene–1‐Hexene Copolymers from Ethylene Feedstock
Authors: Guo Song , Fan Hong , Bu Zhiyang , Li Bo‐Geng , Zhu Shiping 
Published: July 2014

Ethylene–1‐hexene copolymer materials, ranging from semicrystalline linear low‐density poly­ethylene (LLDPE) to completely amorphous polyethylenes (PEs), are prepared from ethylene alone in a single reactor by the tandem polymerization of bis(2‐dodecylsulfanyl‐ethyl)amine–CrCl3 (SNS–Cr) and (N‐tert‐butylamido) (tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)–titanium dichloride (CGC–Ti) at 75 °C and under atmospheric pressure. The polymerization activities are on the order of 105–106 g (mol Ti)−1 h−1. 1‐Hexene incorporation in the resulting copolymers can be adjusted by varying the Cr–Ti molar ratio and/or applying a short period of pre‐trimerization. Copolymers with high 1‐hexene incorporation up to 15 mol% are obtained. Few vinyl and vinylene chain ends are detected by 13C NMR, suggesting that 1‐hexene does not act as a chain‐transfer agent. Narrow molecular‐weight distributions with polydispersities from 1.9 to 2.6 are obtained, characteristic of a single‐active‐site nature of the catalyst system.
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Detailed Analysis of a Trepanation from the Late Avar Period (Turn of the 7th–8th Centuries—811) and Its Significance in the Anthropological Material of the Carpathian Basin
Authors: László O. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn 2008, 11 graves of a Late Avar period (turn of the 7th–8th centuries—811) cemetery were found in the outskirts of Baracs (in the area of the so called Szitányi parcel, Co. Fejér, Hungary). The present study discusses the skeleton of a 7‐ to 9‐year‐old child with signs of trepanation and argues for possible interpretations based on a detailed macroscopic description. As trepanations performed on children occur very rarely in this period, the discussed example is relevant to both the geographical distribution of such practices as well as their possible methods. The anthropological evaluation and publication of similar small‐scale cemeteries may thus be of further importance for general overviews on the period. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lkb1 Is Indispensable for Skeletal Muscle Development, Regeneration, and Satellite Cell Homeostasis
Authors: Shan Tizhong , Zhang Pengpeng , Liang Xinrong , Bi Pengpeng , Yue Feng , Kuang Shihuan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Serine/threonine kinase 11, commonly known as liver kinase b1 (Lkb1), is a tumor suppressor that regulates cellular energy metabolism and stem cell function. Satellite cells are skeletal muscle resident stem cells that maintain postnatal muscle growth and repair. Here, we used MyoDCre/Lkb1flox/flox mice (called MyoD-Lkb1) to delete Lkb1 in embryonic myogenic progenitors and their descendant satellite cells and myofibers. The MyoD-Lkb1 mice exhibit a severe myopathy characterized by central nucleated myofibers, reduced mobility, growth retardation, and premature death. Although tamoxifen-induced postnatal deletion of Lkb1 in satellite cells using Pax7CreER mice bypasses the developmental defects and early death, Lkb1 null satellite cells lose their regenerative capacity cell-autonomously. Strikingly, Lkb1 null satellite cells fail to maintain quiescence in noninjured resting muscles and exhibit accelerated proliferation but reduced differentiation kinetics. At the molecular level, Lkb1 limits satellite cell proliferation through the canonical AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, but facilitates differentiation through phosphorylation of GSK-3β, a key component of the WNT signaling pathway. Together, these results establish a central role of Lkb1 in muscle stem cell homeostasis, muscle development, and regeneration. Stem Cells 2014;32:2893–2907
MiR-7, Inhibited Indirectly by LincRNA HOTAIR, Directly Inhibits SETDB1 and Reverses the EMT of Breast Cancer Stem Cells by Downregulating the STAT3 Pathway
Authors: Zhang Hongyi , Cai Kai , Wang Jing , Wang Xiaoying , Cheng Kai , Shi Fangfang , Jiang Longwei , Zhang Yunxia , Dou Jun 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to tumor invasion and metastasis in many cancers and correlates highly with the acquisition of cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics. EMT also correlates with changes in specific microRNAs (miRNAs) that have already been integrated into tumorigenic programs as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Here, we show that miR-7, which was downregulated in breast CSCs (BCSCs) isolated from the human MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, inhibited cell invasion and metastasis, decreased the BCSC population and partially reversed EMT in MDA-MB-231 cells by directly targeting the oncogene, SETDB1. The conspicuous epigenetic transition induced by miR-7 overexpression was found not only in MDA-MB-231 cells but also in BCSC xenograft tumors. MiR-7 inhibited the metastasis of BCSCs in lungs, kidneys, and adrenal glands of NOD/SCID mice. ChIP-polymerase chain reaction result suggested that the SETDB1 induced STAT3 expression by binding to the promoter of STAT3. MiR-7-mediated downregulation of SETDB1 resulted in the suppression of STAT3, which led to the downregulation of c-myc, twist, and mir-9. In addition, the downregulation of miR-7 in BCSCs may be indirectly attributed to lincRNA HOTAIR by modulating the expression of HoxD10 that promotes the expression of miR-7. These findings demonstrate that miR-7 was a tumor suppressor and that the overexpression of miR-7 might serve as a good strategy for treating highly invasive breast cancer. Stem Cells 2014;32:2858–2868
Electron‐rich, Nitrido‐bridged Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Glüer Arne , Askevold Bjorn , Schluschaß Bastian , Heinemann Frank W. , Schneider Sven 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTerminal RuIV nitride [RuN{N(CH2CH2PtBu2)2}] (1) and [RuCl{N(CH2CH2PtBu2)2}] (2a) form an equilibrium with bridging nitride [{(tBu2PCH2CH2)2N}Ru(μ‐N)RuCl{N(CH2CH2PtBu2)2}] (3a). While 3a could only be spectroscopically characterized yet not isolated, the reaction of the divinylamido chloro complex [RuCl{N(CHCHPtBu2)2}] (2b) with half an equivalent azide directly gave the analogous bridging nitride [{(tBu2PCHCH)2N}Ru(μ‐N)RuCl{N(CHCHPtBu2)2}] (3b), which was isolated and fully characterized.
Synthesis, Structure, Photoluminescence, and Theoretical ­Calculation of an rtl‐type Zinc(II) Compound with Linear Trinuclear [Zn3(COO)4(μ2‐H2O)2] Subunits
Authors: Chen Yan‐Xue , Tang Kang‐Kang , Wang Xin , Chen Bing‐Yi , Qin Guo‐Qiang , Yang Jin‐Hui 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe zinc(II) coordination polymer [Zn3(BPT)2(μ2‐H2O)2(H2O)2]n·n(DMA) (1) (H3BPT = biphenyl‐3,4′,5‐tricarboxylic acid, DMA = N,N′‐dimethylactamide) was obtained by the solvothermal reaction of H3BPT with Zn(NO3)2 in DMA/H2O mixed solvent. Single crystal X‐ray analysis reveals that compound 1 has a complicated 3D framework containing linear trinuclear [Zn3(COO)4(μ2‐H2O)2] clusters as building subunits, which can be simplified into a (3,6)‐connected rtl topological network with the Schläfli symbol {4.62}2{42.610.83}. The calculated results of total and partial density of states (DOS) indicate that the luminescence of 1 mainly originates from intraligand charge transfer.
Verification of distributed systems with the axiomatic system of MSVL
Authors: Ma Qian , Duan Zhenhua , Zhang Nan , Wang Xiaobing 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Since distributed systems are inherently concurrent and asynchronous, it is a challenge for us to verify distributed systems. MSVL is a useful temporal logic programming language and its axiomatic system has been established. However, the axiomatic system of MSVL lacks mechanisms to manage asynchronous communication, which makes it cannot deal with distributed systems. Thus, to verify distributed systems with MSVL in a deductive way, this paper is motivated to extend the axiomatic system of MSVL with new axioms for asynchronous communication. To this end, firstly we formalize state axioms regarding asynchronous communication commands and then prove the soundness and completeness. Further, to demonstrate how the extended axiomatic system of MSVL works for distributed systems, we apply it to the well-known Ricart–Agrawala (RA) algorithm, which is a distributed mutual exclusion algorithm and has an infinite state space. To do this, we model the RA algorithm with MSVL, specify the desired properties and then verify an instance of the RA algorithm with respect to the first-come-first-served property.
Protective nesting association between the Barred Warbler Sylvia nisoria and the Red‐backed Shrike Lanius collurio: an experiment using artificial and natural nests
Authors: Polak Marcin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe pressure of predators may significantly affects the distribution pattern of nesting birds. Some individuals may reduce the risk of predation by nesting near other species with an aggressive nest defence. In the present study I tested the predator protection hypothesis using experimental (artificial nests) and observational (real nests) approaches on two ecologically similar passerine birds–the Barred Warbler Sylvia nisoria and the Red‐backed Shrike Lanius collurio. Studies have been conducted in eastern Poland in two types of habitat: river valley and farmland. The main predators of natural and artificial nests were birds, and to a lesser extent, also mammals. I found wide variation level of predation of both types of nests in different years. Nest survival rate of artificial nests was significantly lower in the farmland than in the river valley and in natural nests I observed reverse pattern. According to the predictions of the predator protection hypothesis the survival rates of the natural and artificial nests were significantly higher in territories of individuals breeding in the protective nesting association. This type of interspecific positive interaction between two associate species can be classified as facultative mutualism.
The relationship between p53 codon 72 genetic polymorphism and sperm parameters. A study of men with varicocele
Authors: Gentile V. , Nicotra M. , Minucci S. , Ambrosi S. , Saccucci P. , Gloria‐Bottini F. , Bottini E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPurposeRegulation of the apoptotic process has an important role in spermatogenesis. p53 has a prominent function in apoptosis and recent data suggest a relationship between varicocele and p53 codon 72 polymorphism and male infertility. This prompted us to study the relationship between this polymorphism and spermatic parameters.MethodsWe studied 134 subjects with varicocele admitted consecutively to the outpatients Department of Infertility at the University of Rome La Sapienza. We investigated in these subjects the effect of a strong apoptosis inducer, the p53 codon 72 *Arg/*Arg genotype, on spermatic parameters.The p53 codon 72 genotype was determined by DNA analysis.ResultsThe proportion of spermatozoa with abnormal (curvilinear) motility is higher in men with the *Arg/*Arg genotype than in men carrying the *Pro allele (p = 0.003). No statistical significant relationship has been observed with spermatozoa concentration and atypical spermatozoa.ConclusionsWe conclude: the p53 codon 72*Arg/*Arg genotype, with its strong apoptotic effects, negatively influences spermatozoa motility and male fertility.
The impact of general anesthesia on radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kuo Yuan‐Hung , Chung Kuan‐Chih , Hung Chao‐Hung , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Wang Jing‐Houng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of general anesthesia (GA) on percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 118 treatment‐naïve HCC patients in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer curative stage were enrolled. Patients who underwent RFA with GA were designated as the GA group, and the others were identified as the non‐GA group. All the percutaneous RFA procedures were performed by the same hepatologist. The GA group comprised 42 (44.1%) patients with 71 tumors (mean size, 2.53 cm) and the non‐GA group had 66 patients (55.9%) with 90 tumors (mean size, 2.35 cm). Complete tumor ablation was achieved after one session in 92.3% of the 52 GA patients, and after one to three sessions in 92.4% of 66 non‐GA patients. The GA group required significantly fewer RFA sessions to obtain a similar treatment effect (p < 0.001) and the duration of hospitalization was also shortened among the GA patients (4.4 ± 0.9 days vs. 5.1 ± 1.9 days, p = 0.044). The 2‐year overall survival and recurrence‐free survival rates were not significantly different between the two groups. Overall, performing RFA with GA can decrease the number of sessions required to achieve complete tumor ablation in early stage HCC patients and shorten the hospitalization duration.
On the rationalK2of a curve of GL2type over a global field of positive characteristic
Authors: Chida Masataka , Kondo Satoshi , Yamauchi Takuya 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIfis an integral model of a smooth curveXover a global fieldk, there is a localization sequence comparing theK-theory ofandX. We show thatK1() injects intoK1(X) rationally, by showing that the previous boundary map in the localization sequence is rationally a surjection, forXof “GL2type” andkof positive characteristic not 2. Examples are given to show that the relativeG1term can have large rank. Examples of such curves include non-isotrivial elliptic curves, Drinfeld modular curves, and the moduli of-elliptic sheaves of rank 2.
Three Supreme Court Cases on Compulsory Acquisition of Land in Nigeria
Authors: Sholanke Oladipo O 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe law of compulsory acquisition of land in Nigeria is rooted in the country's constitution. It is enshrined that every Nigerian has the right to own private property and that such property shall not be acquired compulsorily, except in the manner and for the purposes prescribed by a law that requires both the payment of prompt compensation and compliance with the rule of law on access to court. In 2012, the Supreme Court of Nigeria delivered three decisions on the compulsory acquisition of land or the revocation of occupancy rights; Alhaji Tsoho Dan Amale v Sokoto Local Government and Others; Goldmark Nigeria Limited and Others v Ibafon Company Limited and Others; and Ohochukwu v Attorney General of Rivers State and Others. These three cases laid down principles on the subject which are worthy of exposition.
Vaccines against bovine babesiosis: where we are now and possible roads ahead
Authors: FLORIN-CHRISTENSEN MONICA , SUAREZ CARLOS E. , RODRIGUEZ ANABEL E. , FLORES DANIELA A. , SCHNITTGER LEONHARD 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYBovine babesiosis caused by the tick-transmitted haemoprotozoansBabesia bovis, Babesia bigeminaandBabesia divergenscommonly results in substantial cattle morbidity and mortality in vast world areas. Although existing live vaccines confer protection, they have considerable disadvantages. Therefore, particularly in countries where large numbers of cattle are at risk, important research is directed towards improved vaccination strategies. Here a comprehensive overview of currently used live vaccines and of the status quo of experimental vaccine trials is presented. In addition, pertinent research fields potentially contributing to the development of novel non-live and/or live vaccines are discussed, including parasite antigens involved in host cell invasion and in pathogen-tick interactions, as well as the protective immunity against infection. The mining of available parasite genomes is continuously enlarging the array of potential vaccine candidates and, additionally, the recent development of a transfection tool forBabesiacan significantly contribute to vaccine design. However, the complication and high cost of vaccination trials hinderBabesiavaccine research, and have so far seriously limited the systematic examination of antigen candidates and prevented an in-depth testing of formulations using different immunomodulators and antigen delivery systems.
Recommendations from the Association of European Paediatric Cardiology for training in diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterisation
Authors: Butera Gianfranco , Morgan Gareth J. , Ovaert Caroline , Anjos Rui , Spadoni Isabella 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCardiac catheterisation in congenital heart disease is a developing field. Patients’ ages range from foetus to adulthood. This document is a revision and update of the previously published recommendations and summarises the requirements for training in diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterisation.
Medical Support at a Large-scale Motorsports Mass-gathering Event: The Inaugural Formula One United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas
Authors: Sabra John P. , Cabañas José G. , Bedolla John , Borgmann Shirley , Hawley James , Craven Kevin , Brown Carlos , Ziebell Chris , Olvey Steve 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIntroductionFormula One returned to the United States on November 16-18, 2012, with the inaugural United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas. Medical preparedness for motorsports events represents a unique challenge due to the potential for a high number of spectators seeking medical attention, and the possibility for a mass-casualty situation. Adequate preparation requires close collaboration across public safety agencies and hospital networks to minimize impact on Emergency Medical Services (EMS) resources.Hypothesis/ProblemTo report the details of preparation for an inaugural mass-gathering motorsports event, and to describe the details of the medical care rendered during the 3-day event.MethodsA retrospective analysis was completed utilizing postevent summaries, provided by the medical planning committee, by the Federation Internationale de L'Automobile (FIA), and Austin Travis County Emergency Medical Services (ATCEMS). Patient data were collected from standardized patient care records for descriptive analysis. Medical usage rates (MURs) are reported as a rate of patients per 10,000 (PPTT) participants.ResultsA total of 566 patients received medical care over the 3-day period with the on-site care rate of 95%. Overall, MUR was 21.3 PPTT attendees. Most patients had minor problems, and there were no driver injuries or deaths.ConclusionThis mass-gathering motorsport event had a moderate number of patients requiring medical attention. The preparedness plan was implemented successfully with minimal impact on EMS resources and local medical facilities. This medical preparedness plan may serve as a model to other cities preparing for an inaugural motorsports event.SabraJP, CabañasJG, BedollaJ, BorgmannS, HawleyJ, CravenK, BrownC, ZiebellC, OlveyS. Medical support at a large-scale motorsports mass-gathering event: the inaugural Formula One United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(4):1-7.