bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing Students’ Experiences with High-Fidelity Simulation
Authors: Najjar Rana Halabi , Lyman Bret , Miehl Nick 
Published: March 2015

AbstractResearch has revealed the effectiveness of simulation for facilitating student development of self-efficacy, knowledge, clinical judgment, and proficiency in technical skills. This grounded theory study was conducted to describe the experience of nursing students in high-fidelity simulation and develop a model which explicates the experience of nursing students in simulation. Focus group interviews were conducted with three cohorts of students enrolled in a baccalaureate nursing program who experienced simulation four to twelve times per academic year. Five prominent themes emerged during analysis Emotional Processing; Anxiety; Making Connections; Fidelity; and Learning. The Simulation Learning Model – Student Experience (SLM-SE) was developed to illustrate the student’s multi-dimensional experience of learning through high-fidelity simulation. Findings from this study suggest that students are better equipped to learn through increasing confidence and experience, continued reflection-on action and enhanced peer-to-peer interaction. Recommendations for future research include developing strategies to optimize students’ experiences for learning in simulation.
Disaster and Protection of Tenants in Japanese Law: General Principles in Time of Emergencies
Authors: Koyanagi Shunichiro 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article examines the legal protection of ex-tenants after disasters in Japan. The “Act Providing Temporary Measures concerning Land Lease and Building Lease in the Cities Damaged by War” of 1946 conferred not only the right to lease rebuilt buildings, but also the right of ex-tenants to lease the land of destroyed buildings. Therefore, many victims of the war disaster were entitled to construct and keep self-made shelters on the site of destroyed buildings. Thus, emergencies created exceptions to general rules or principles. The implementation of the Lease Act of 1946 was initially limited to the war disaster, but the government later issued the implementation Cabinet Orders of the Lease Act of 1946 to major disasters until 2004. However, in the case of the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, the local communities and local bar associations raised strong oppositions against the Lease Act of 1946 on the motif that the implementation of the Lease Act of 1946 would cause complicated legal and social problems. The Ministry of Justice decided not to enact an implementation Cabinet Order of the Lease Act of 1946. The Japanese Diet adopted a new Act regarding the lease in time of disaster in June 2013 to abolish the right to lease land and to lease newly rebuilt buildings as well. In a highly developed modern society, it is difficult to justify exceptions to general principles even in the case of emergencies caused by large-scale disasters.
Highly Organic Fill for Levee Stability Berms
Authors: VandenBerge D. R. , Brandon T. L. , Wielputz M. P. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Earth berms constructed of cohesive fill are often used to improve the stability of levees. In some parts of the United States, many of the locally available cohesive soils contain high organic content (&gt;9 %), which has historically prevented their use for stability berms. This study investigated the compaction characteristics, undrained strength, and erodibility of eight samples of clay from Louisiana with organic content ranging from 1.7 % to 29 % to evaluate their potential use for stability berms. The target total unit weight of 15.7 kN/m3 was found to be difficult to attain for soils with organic content above about 9 %. The desired minimum undrained strength of 19.2 kPa was easily attained for all of the organic content at water content up to 6 % wet of optimum. The erosion resistance, measured using the jet erosion test, stayed the same or increased as the organic content of the fill increased. Based on these test results, soils with organic content in excess of 9 % are suitable for use as stability berm fill, provided that a lower total unit weight can be used in design.
Effect of Electrical Surface Charge on Seal Coat Curing and Aggregate Loss Performance
Authors: Lee Jusang , Ahn Hyungjun 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This study presents quantifications of the electrical interactions between aggregates and emulsions using zeta potentials and evaluates the interaction influence on seal coat curing and aggregate loss performances. Three emulsions and seven aggregates consisting of CRS-2P, RS-2P, and AE-90S for emulsions and Trap Rock, Sandstone, Blast Furnace Slag, Steel Slag, Limestone, Dolomite, and Crushed Gravel were used for the zeta potential for electrostatic interaction, the water content test for the curing performance, and the sweep test for aggregate loss performance. All aggregates and emulsions showed positive zeta potentials at a low pH and negative zeta potentials at high pH with the exception of Blast Furnace Slag, which exhibited negative zeta potential values regardless of pH levels. This observation confirms that the zeta potential sensitively varies with the pH of solution. Conclusively, the electrical surface charge of an aggregate in emulsions varies with the type of emulsion. CRS-2P presented the fastest water evaporation among the three emulsions, which confirms that cationic emulsions show fast curing due to a negatively charged existing pavement surface, in general, like a felt disk used in this study. Another observation made from the water content test is that Limestone aggregate can slow down the water evaporation rate in CRS-2P. RS-2P and AE-90S show similar retardations, but they are statistically insignificant. It should be noted that there was no electrostatic attraction among the emulsions and Limestone based on the zeta potential test results. However, the electrostatic interaction between CRS-2P and Limestone has the smallest repulsion among Limestone with the emulsions. This study also showed that the electrostatic interaction and aggregate loss performance had a poor correlation (R2 = 0.3212), which may lead to a conclusion that repulsion and attraction between emulsion particle and aggregate particle does not significantly affect the aggregate loss performance of seal coat.
Applying FQFD and Utility Representative Functions Under Fuzzy Environment for FMCDM
Authors: Wang Yu-Jie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we apply fuzzy quality function deployment (FQFD) and utility representative functions under fuzzy environment for fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (FMCDM). In the FMCDM, criteria weights can present both consumers’ opinions and experts’ opinions. Consumers’ opinions are expressed by fuzzy importance levels of customer needs, experts’ opinions are presented by fuzzy relationship strength ratings for customer needs on skill needs, and the two opinions are integrated by FQFD. In addition to importance levels of customer needs and relationship strength ratings for customer needs on skill needs being fuzzy numbers, performance criteria ratings of alternatives are also displayed by fuzzy numbers in FMCDM. Thus, multiplying fuzzy numbers and aggregating several pooled fuzzy numbers formed by multiplying fuzzy numbers are critical on computation. Practically, the fuzzy computations are hard. In this paper, we use utility representative functions of multiplication and aggregation on fuzzy numbers to resolve the computation ties, especially for multiplying three fuzzy numbers. In addition, we compare the proposed method with other FMCDM methods to demonstrate our method’s feasibility and rationality. Therefore, FMCDM can be finished easily and efficiently through associating FQFD with the utility representative functions of fuzzy numbers applied.
Regulation of Pattern Formation and Gene Amplification During Drosophila Oogenesis by the miR-318 microRNA
Authors: Ge Wanzhong , Deng Qiannan , Guo Ting , Hong Xin , Kugler Jan-Michael , Yang Xiaohang , Cohen Stephen M 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Pattern formation during epithelial development requires the coordination of multiple signaling pathways. Here, we investigate the functions of an ovary-enriched miRNA, miR-318, in epithelial development during Drosophila oogenesis. mir-318 maternal loss-of-function mutants were female-sterile and laid eggs with abnormal morphology. Removal of mir-318 disrupted the dorsal–anterior follicle cell patterning, resulting in abnormal dorsal appendages. mir-318 mutant females also produced thin and fragile eggshells due to impaired chorion gene amplification. We provide evidence that the ecdysone signaling pathway activates expression of miR-318 and that miR-318 cooperates with Tramtrack69 to control the switch from endocycling to chorion gene amplification during differentiation of the follicular epithelium. The multiple functions of miR-318 in oogenesis illustrate the importance of miRNAs in maintaining cell fate and in promoting the developmental transition in the female follicular epithelium.
Interplay Between Histone H3 Lysine 56 Deacetylation and Chromatin Modifiers in Response to DNA Damage
Authors: Simoneau Antoine , Delgoshaie Neda , Celic Ivana , Dai Junbiao , Abshiru Nebiyu , Costantino Santiago , Thibault Pierre , Boeke Jef D , Verreault Alain , Wurtele Hugo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn Saccharomyces cerevisiae, histone H3 lysine 56 acetylation (H3K56Ac) is present in newly synthesized histones deposited throughout the genome during DNA replication. The sirtuins Hst3 and Hst4 deacetylate H3K56 after S phase, and virtually all histone H3 molecules are K56 acetylated throughout the cell cycle in hst3∆ hst4∆ mutants. Failure to deacetylate H3K56 causes thermosensitivity, spontaneous DNA damage, and sensitivity to replicative stress via molecular mechanisms that remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that unlike wild-type cells, hst3∆ hst4∆ cells are unable to complete genome duplication and accumulate persistent foci containing the homologous recombination protein Rad52 after exposure to genotoxic drugs during S phase. In response to replicative stress, cells lacking Hst3 and Hst4 also displayed intense foci containing the Rfa1 subunit of the single-stranded DNA binding protein complex RPA, as well as persistent activation of DNA damage–induced kinases. To investigate the basis of these phenotypes, we identified histone point mutations that modulate the temperature and genotoxic drug sensitivity of hst3∆ hst4∆ cells. We found that reducing the levels of histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation or H3 lysine 79 methylation partially suppresses these sensitivities and reduces spontaneous and genotoxin-induced activation of the DNA damage-response kinase Rad53 in hst3∆ hst4∆ cells. Our data further suggest that elevated DNA damage–induced signaling significantly contributes to the phenotypes of hst3∆ hst4∆ cells. Overall, these results outline a novel interplay between H3K56Ac, H3K79 methylation, and H4K16 acetylation in the cellular response to DNA damage.
Improvement in High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Co-Al-W Based Superalloys
Authors: Ito Takahiko , Ikeda Shogo , Tanaka Katsushi 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTOxidation tests of Cr containing Co-based superalloys with compositions of Co-20at.%Ni-9at.%Al-9at.%W-x at.%Cr (x = 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) have been carried out at 1173 and 1273 K in air. Oxidation resistance is improved upon alloying with Cr not only at 1173 K but also at 1273 K. The weight gain of the 10at.%Cr alloy oxidized at 1173 K is similar to that of the 5th generation Ni-based superalloy of TMS-173. Alloying with Cr is efficient to improve oxidation resistance, however, the shape of γ’ precipitates is rounded and the alignment of the precipitates along the <100> direction becomes less pronounced upon alloying with Cr.
Current Status of Immobilization Techniques for Geological Disposal of Radioactive Iodine in Japan
Authors: Idemitsu Kazuya , Sakuragi Tomofumi 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTNuclear reprocessing plants in Japan produce radioactive iodine-bearing materials such as spent silver adsorbents. Japanese disposal plans classify radioactive waste containing a given quantity of iodine-129 as Transuranic Waste Group 1 for spent silver adsorbent or as Group 3 for bitumen-solidified waste, and stipulate that such waste must be disposed of by burial deep underground. Given the long half-life of iodine-129 of 15.7 million years, it is difficult to prevent release of iodine-129 from the waste into the surrounding environment in the long term. Moreover, because ionic iodine is soluble and not readily adsorbed, its migration is not significantly retarded by engineered or natural barriers. The release of iodine-129 from nuclear waste therefore must be restricted to permit reliable safety assessment; this technique is called “controlled release”. It is desirable that the release period for iodine be longer than 100,000 years. To this end, several techniques for immobilization of iodine have been developed; three leading techniques are the use of synthetic rock (alumina matrix solidification), BPI (BiPbO2I) glass, and high-performance cement. Iodine is fixed as AgI in the grain boundary of corundum or quartz through hot isostatic pressing in synthetic rock, as BPI in boron/lead-based glass, or as cement minerals such as ettringite in high-performance alumina cement. These techniques are assessed by three models: the corrosion model, the leaching model, and the solubility-equilibrium model. This paper describes the current status of these three techniques.
Valence and Local Environment of Molybdenum in Aluminophosphate Glasses for Immobilization of High Level Waste from Uranium-Graphite Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing
Authors: Stefanovsky Sergey V. , Shiryaev Andrey A , Remizov Michael B. , Belanova Elena A. , Kozlov Pavel A. , Myasoedov Boris F. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTTwo Mo-bearing glasses considered as candidate forms for high level waste (HLW) a uranium-graphite reactor spent nuclear fuel (SNF) reprocessing were characterized. Incorporation of Mo in sodium aluminophosphate (SAP) glass increases its tendency to devitrification with segregation of orthophosphate phases. Valence state and local environment of Mo in the materials containing ∼2 wt.% MoO3 were determined by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. In the quenched samples composed of major vitreous and minor AlPO4 nearly all Mo is located in the vitreous phase as [Mo6+О6] units whereas in the annealed samples Mo is partitioned among vitreous and one or two orthophosphate crystalline phases in favor of the vitreous phase. Mo predominantly exists in a hexavalent state in distorted octahedral environment. Four oxygen ions are positioned at a distance of ∼1.71-1.73 Å and two - at a distance of 2.02-2.04 Å. Minor Mo(V) is also present as indicated by a response in EPR spectra with g ≈ 1.911-1.915.
Identifying the asylum speaker: reflection on the pitfalls of language analysis in the determination of national origin
Authors: Maryns Katrijn 
Published: March 2015

The objective of this article is to come closer to an empirically grounded perception of the functions linguistic method can serve in the Belgian asylum procedure. It investigates the extent to which linguistic expert vision can anticipate practical problems related to language and identity in the procedure. Given the enormous demand for linguistic expertise in the Belgian asylum procedure, this article will call into question the reliability of linguistic methods in determining nationality. I will do this on the basis of (a) an analysis of a translation test conducted during one of the application interviews and (b) a reconsideration of a case of linguistic identification conducted at the language analysis desk of the Belgian migration agencies. I will argue that, on the basis of the current research methods and the limited resources available, the validity of linguistic identification practices in the Belgian asylum procedure needs to be qualified.
The tell-tale accent: Identification of regionally marked speech in German telephone conversations by forensic phoneticians
Authors: Köster Olaf , Kehrein Roland , Masthoff Karen , Boubaker Yasmin Hadj 
Published: March 2015

One of the most significant features in forensic phonetics used to identify a speaker is his or her so-called regional accent. In a speaker profiling task, German experts for voice comparison were evaluated concerning their performance and their methodological approach in accent identification. As a result, the experts as a group performed well; only very few severe confusions of regional accents occurred. Results also showed that the experts applied different strategies in identifying a speaker´s regional accent; the different methods were (a) aural-perceptual analysis, (b) acoustic analysis, (c) consultation of audio databases, and (d) consultation of literature on dialects. Participants also differed considerably in the amount of time they needed to complete the task. The most important finding is that no correlations existed between the performance (i.e. error rate) of the participants and (a) the time spent, (b) the number of methods applied, (c) the kind of method applied or (d) the perceived degree of difficulty. This leads to the conclusion that the performance in dialect identification may predominantly depend on the individual (innate or trained) skills of the expert in speaker identification.
On the problem of speaker identification by victims and witnesses
Authors: Künzel Hermann 
Published: March 2015

In the major industrialized nations the use of the human voice as an instrument in committing crimes has been steadily increasing. In Germany, this tendency has been observed for several years in a variety of offences such as extortion, kidnapping, terrorist attack, rape, hoax bomb threats and, perhaps surprisingly, in a significant number of homicide cases (59 out of a total of 538 handled in 18 months). Thus, the identification of a criminal on the basis of his/her verbal behaviour has become a challenge to our judicial systems. However, there is considerable uncertainty on the part of the judiciary as to the degree of reliability of speaker identification (SID) by laypersons, and sometimes as to whether or not such evidence should be considered at all. Since research findings on the subject are sparse and to some degree controversial, reservations are certainly justified
The Yorkshire Ripper enquiry: Part II
Authors: Windsor Lewis Jack 
Published: March 2015

Between 1975 and 1979 eleven women fell prey to a serial killer in towns in northern England. The police received an audio rape in the post which contained a message from a man they believed to be the murderer. The recording was submitted for speaker-profiling; in particular, the police sought to establish the regional background of the speaker. The major accent influences were pinpointed within a narrow geographical area. Subsequent developments in the case led the phoneticians concerned to the view that the recording had probably been made by a hoaxer. This advice was insufficiently taken into account by the instructing police officers. It transpired that the phoneticians had been correct. The murderer was eventually identified and convicted bur the hoaxer remains unidentified. The hoaxer also led the police astray through letters. In Part I of this enquiry report, Stanley Ellis outlines his role in the operation in relation to the rape recording. In Part II, Jack Windsor Lewis develops a number of points from his analyses of the letters.
Arranging a voice lineup in a foreign language
Authors: Broeders A. P.A. , Cambier-Langeveld Tina , Vermeulen Jos 
Published: March 2015

Speaker identification by lay witnesses is an area that is still relatively unexplored. The volume of empirical research in this field contrasts sharply and unfavourably with the wealth of work reported in the literature on human identification in the visual domain. Nor is it clear that the findings of eyewitness research are sufficiently well known in forensic phonetic circles, in spite of their patent relevance to earwitness identification. Many of the issues over which consensus has been reached among those working in the field of eyewitness identification (Wells et al. 1998) continue to be unresolved in the forensic speaker identification community. Attempts to take matters further by taking on board the unquestioned insights gained in the visual field have so far met with a lukewarm reaction at best. After a promising start (Hollien et al. 1995, Broeders 1996, Hollien 1996), little progress has been made in recent years within either IAFP (the International Association for Forensic Phonetics) or the ENFSI (European Network of Forensic Science Institutes) Expert Working Group for Forensic Speech and Audio Analysis in formulating generally accepted procedures for the conduct of voice line-ups. At the same time, debate seems to have come to a virtual standstill, as witness the lack of response to the most recently proposed set of guidelines (Broeders and Van Amelsvoort 1999). Yet, ever since McGehee's (1937) work following the Lindbergh trial, the need to develop proper procedures in the conduct of earwitness identification has been abundantly clear.
Rejoinder to Francis Nolan's ‘The “telephone effect” on formants: a response’
Authors: Künzel Hermann J. 
Published: March 2015

n his response to my article ‘Beware of the “telephone effect”: the influence of telephone transmission on the measurement of formant frequencies’, which appeared in Volume 8 Number 1 of this journal, Francis Nolan's main concern seems to be that ‘forensic phoneticians who dispute the value of acoustic analysis’ might use the conclusions as an endorsement of ‘a complete exclusion of formants from the FSI process’ (p. 72). It is quite evident that in any science an author's arguments can be understood, misunderstood or just interpreted differently, by different individuals. They can also be used for the pursuit of particular interests. The latter fact s of special relevance to FSI-related court cases where phoneticians as experts aim at convincing non-experts of their opinions. Although after reading Nolan's response carefully I do not think my text may provide a basis for the misunderstanding that he is afraid of, even less that it may be mistaken as ‘a blanket interdiction on the use of spectral information in FSI’ (pp. 74–75), I welcome the opportunity to reiterate the essence of my conclusions.