bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cephalometric Appraisal of a Group of Children with Surgically Repaired Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Mowbray John B. 
Published: December 2014

This study investigated the effect of a standard surgical technique for the repair of unilateral cleft lip and palate by one surgeon. Limitations were set by the numbers available for investigation, however comparison was made between a small group of such treated cases and a group of normal children. The method of assessment was based on a cephalometric analysis with extrapolation to the integumental profile. A number of different points were proposed for attributes of the soft tissue profile. The base reference line used was Sella-Nasion, points A and B and the extrapolations to the overlying soft tissue. Facial convexity was proposed as an angle subtended at the tip of the nose by the chin point and soft tissue nasion. Facial height was measured as a ratio between upper and lower facial dimensions. Lip tissue thickness was a direct measurement. The result of this study supported some findings in other studies. The point of most interest was the small amount of difference between the experimental group and the group used for comparison. Both maxillary and mandibular retrusion was noted and there appeared slight flattening of the soft tissue profile. However, no differences were noted in lip thickness and facial height.
A Comparison of Xeroradiographs with Conventional Lateral Skull Radiographs
Authors: Erskine R. B. 
Published: December 2014

Forty xeroradiographs were compared with forty conventional lateral skull radiographs, using a digitizer. A double plotting method was used by one observer and the variation between plots was calculated. Xeroradiographs appeared to give better agreement between observations for most, but not all, of the landmarks.
Spontaneous Changes in the Incisor Relationship following Extraction of Lower First Permanent Molars
Authors: Richardson Andrew 
Published: December 2014

The spontaneous changes in overbite, overjet and incisor inclinations during the first year following extraction of both lower first permanent molars were investigated in 43 (19M, 24F) patients whose ages ranged from 8–14 years at the time of extraction. The changes were measured on 90° left lateral cephalometric radiographs taken before extraction and approximately 12 months later. On average, there was a tendency for the overbite and overjet to increase with associated retroclination of lower and proclination of upper incisors. The range of the changes was relatively large. When the overbite showed an appreciable increase during the period of observation, pre-existing proclination of upper or lower incisors and an increased overbite or overjet were the most frequent findings. Remarkably, a previously increased overjet seemed to be a better indicator of an overbite that would increase than was the Previous overbite itself. In most cases showing a previously normal overbite or overjet, the overjet after extraction remained stable. Correlation of the overbite and overjet together against the changes in overbite proved disappointing from the prognostic standpoint except that previously incomplete overbites almost invariably increased.
A Functional Approach to Orofacial Orthopaedics
Authors: Fränkel Rolf 
Published: December 2014

In general orthopaedics, the clinical relevance of muscular functions has been long recognised. It is suggested that in the development of skeletal deformities a faulty postural performance pattern may play an important causative role. Therefore the primary therapeutic problem in functional orthopaedics is to overcome these functional disorders. From the excellent results achieved by these methods the question arises, are we not obliged to follow the example set by general orthopaedists? It is the purpose of this article to demonstrate that this can be realised, provided that faulty postural performances are seen in a close functional inter-relationship with spatial disorders in the oro-naso-pharyngeal spaces.
Nicknames, Teasing, Harassment and the Salience of Dental Features among School Children
Authors: Shaw W. C. , Meek S. C. , Jones D. S. 
Published: December 2014

The aim of the study was to explore the extent to which deviant dental features may expose children to ridicule and embarrassment. In the first part of the study, 531 school children were interviewed about their experience of nicknaming, teasing and harassment and it appeared that for teasing in particular, dental features could provide a significant target for abuse. The findings were also related to a teacher's brief assessment of the child's personality. In the second part of the investigation, the salience of dental features to children was examined by asking 82 children to respond to a cine film showing 12 children's faces and it appeared that in general, the more deviant the dental arrangement, the more salient will it be. In discussion however, it is considered that many other characteristics of an individual child will influence not only the abuse which he may attract but also the nature of his response.
Dento-Facial Orthopaedics in the Correction of Class II Malocclusion
Authors: Bass N. M. 
Published: December 2014

An orthopaedic appliance system has been developed with the specific therapeutic intention of removing those factors responsible for the initiation or maintenance of the skeletal Class II malocclusion. This is accomplished by means of restraint and redirection of forward maxillary growth and induction of mandibular growth. Concurrently, adverse soft tissue influences are eliminated or ameliorated. Clinical and experimental evidence gives support to this concept and case histories show the clinical mode of use of the appliance system. An initial 10–12 month orthopaedic phase is followed by a second phase of similar duration, utilizing full Edgewise therapy to perfect the occlusion. The second phase is much reduced in complexity and is generally confined to alignment and final detailing as the essential corrections have been achieved in the orthopaedic phase. It is considered that this combined approach to Skeletal II treatment is more physiologic than conventional treatment and results in a better harmony of dental and facial features.
Isolated middle cerebral artery dissection: a systematic review
Authors: Asaithambi Ganesh , Saravanapavan Pradeepan , Rastogi Vaibhav , Khan Sheema , Bidari Sharatchandra , Khanna Anna Y , Ganti Latha , Qureshi Adnan I , Hedna Vishnumurthy Shushrutha 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Acute stroke can be missed in the emergency department, particularly in younger patients and in those with more vague symptoms such as headache or dizziness. Cervicocephalic dissections are one group of etiologies for acute stroke in the young. While cervicocephalic dissections are not uncommon in clinical practice, isolated middle cerebral artery dissection (MCAD) has been rarely reported as a cause for stroke. We sought to review the clinical implications and pathophysiology of an isolated MCAD. We searched the medical literature for isolated MCAD in clinical stroke patients using MEDLINE, HighWire, and Google Scholar databases from 1966 to 2013 using the keywords ‘middle cerebral artery dissection,’ ‘intracerebral artery dissection,’ and ‘middle cerebral artery dissection stroke.’ We reviewed cases to learn various characteristics of isolated MCAD. A total of 61 cases (62.3% male, mean age 44.16 ± 19.17 years) were reviewed from 54 publications. Most cases were reported from Asian countries (78.7%). Ischemic strokes were more common than hemorrhagic strokes (68.9%). Digital subtraction angiography was the most common imaging modality used to diagnose isolated MCAD (75.4%). Surgery was the preferred form of therapeutic intervention (39.3%). Males (n = 27/48, p = 0.0008) and those who presented with only ischemic syndromes (n = 22/48, p = 0.0009) had significantly higher rates of favorable outcome. Isolated MCAD is a rare disease that can contribute to the stroke burden of young patients. Further studies are needed to better characterize optimal treatment strategies and define outcomes for this rare condition.
Genomes of the rice pest brown planthopper and its endosymbionts reveal complex complementary contributions for host adaptation
Authors: Xue Jian , Zhou Xin , Zhang Chuan-Xi , Yu Li-Li , Fan Hai-Wei , Wang Zhuo , Xu Hai-Jun , Xi Yu , Zhu Zeng-Rong , Zhou Wen-Wu , Pan Peng-Lu , Li Bao-Ling , Colbourne John K , Noda Hiroaki , Suetsugu Yoshitaka , Kobayashi Tetsuya , Zheng Yuan , Liu Shanlin , Zhang Rui , Liu Yang , Luo Ya-Dan , Fang Dong-Ming , Chen Yan , Zhan Dong-Liang , Lv Xiao-Dan , Cai Yue , Wang Zhao-Bao , Huang Hai-Jian , Cheng Ruo-Lin , Zhang Xue-Chao , Lou Yi-Han , Yu Bing , Zhuo Ji-Chong , Ye Yu-Xuan , Zhang Wen-Qing , Shen Zhi-Cheng , Yang Huan-Ming , Wang Jian , Wang Jun , Bao Yan-Yuan , Cheng Jia-An 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Background
The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, the most destructive pest of rice, is a typical monophagous herbivore that feeds exclusively on rice sap, which migrates over long distances. Outbreaks of it have re-occurred approximately every three years in Asia. It has also been used as a model system for ecological studies and for developing effective pest management. To better understand how a monophagous sap-sucking arthropod herbivore has adapted to its exclusive host selection and to provide insights to improve pest control, we analyzed the genomes of the brown planthopper and its two endosymbionts.

Results
We describe the 1.14 gigabase planthopper draft genome and the genomes of two microbial endosymbionts that permit the planthopper to forage exclusively on rice fields. Only 40.8% of the 27,571 identified Nilaparvata protein coding genes have detectable shared homology with the proteomes of the other 14 arthropods included in this study, reflecting large-scale gene losses including in evolutionarily conserved gene families and biochemical pathways. These unique genomic features are functionally associated with the animal’s exclusive plant host selection. Genes missing from the insect in conserved biochemical pathways that are essential for its survival on the nutritionally imbalanced sap diet are present in the genomes of its microbial endosymbionts, which have evolved to complement the mutualistic nutritional needs of the host.

Conclusions
Our study reveals a series of complex adaptations of the brown planthopper involving a variety of biological processes, that result in its highly destructive impact on the exclusive host rice. All these findings highlight potential directions for effective pest control of the planthopper.
Determining the quality and complexity of next-generation sequencing data without a reference genome
Authors: Anvar Seyed Yahya , Khachatryan Lusine , Vermaat Martijn , van Galen Michiel , Pulyakhina Irina , Ariyurek Yavuz , Kraaijeveld Ken , den Dunnen Johan T , de Knijff Peter , ’t Hoen Peter AC , Laros Jeroen FJ 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe describe an open-source kPAL package that facilitates an alignment-free assessment of the quality and comparability of sequencing datasets by analyzing k-mer frequencies. We show that kPAL can detect technical artefacts such as high duplication rates, library chimeras, contamination and differences in library preparation protocols. kPAL also successfully captures the complexity and diversity of microbiomes and provides a powerful means to study changes in microbial communities. Together, these features make kPAL an attractive and broadly applicable tool to determine the quality and comparability of sequence libraries even in the absence of a reference sequence. kPAL is freely available at https://github.com/LUMC/kPAL.
A multi-gene signature predicts outcome in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Haider Syed , Wang Jun , Nagano Ai , Desai Ami , Arumugam Prabhu , Dumartin Laurent , Fitzgibbon Jude , Hagemann Thorsten , Marshall John F , Kocher Hemant M , Crnogorac-Jurcevic Tatjana , Scarpa Aldo , Lemoine Nicholas R , Chelala Claude 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Background
Improved usage of the repertoires of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) profiles is crucially needed to guide the development of predictive and prognostic tools that could inform the selection of treatment options.

Methods
Using publicly available mRNA abundance datasets, we performed a large retrospective meta-analysis on 466 PDAC patients to discover prognostic gene signatures. These signatures were trained on two clinical cohorts (n = 70), and validated on four independent clinical cohorts (n = 246). Further validation of the identified gene signature was performed using quantitative real-time RT-PCR.

Results
We identified 225 candidate prognostic genes. Using these, a 36-gene signature was discovered and validated on fully independent clinical cohorts (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.51 to 2.81, P = 3.62 × 10−6, n = 246). This signature serves as a good alternative prognostic stratification marker compared to tumour grade (HR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.45 to 2.88, P = 3.18 × 10−5) and tumour node metastasis (TNM) stage (HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.66 to 1.94, P = 0.67). Upon multivariate analysis with adjustment for TNM stage and tumour grade, the 36-gene signature remained an independent prognostic predictor of clinical outcome (HR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.17 to 4.16, P = 0.01). Univariate assessment revealed higher expression of ITGA5, SEMA3A, KIF4A, IL20RB, SLC20A1, CDC45, PXN, SSX3 and TMEM26 was correlated with shorter survival while B3GNT1, NOSTRIN and CADPS down-regulation was associated with poor outcome.

Conclusions
Our 36-gene classifier is able to prognosticate PDAC independent of patient cohort and microarray platforms. Further work on the functional roles, downstream events and interactions of the signature genes is likely to reveal true molecular candidates for PDAC therapeutics.
Formal sector subcontracting and informal sector employment in Indian manufacturing
Authors: Moreno-Monroy Ana I , Pieters Janneke , Erumban Abdul A 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUsing nationally representative survey data of Indian manufacturing enterprises spanning the period 1995–2006, we analyze the link between formal sector subcontracting and informal sector employment. A novelty in our analysis is that this relationship is allowed to differ between modern and traditional segments of the informal sector. We show that formal sector subcontracting is positively related to employment growth only in the most modern segments of the informal sector. Increased subcontracting cannot explain the persistently high employment in traditional informal manufacturing activities in India. Instead, subcontracting can contribute to job creation in relatively modern segments of the informal sector.JEL codes:J21, O14, O17
Publication rate of abstracts presented at the Canadian society of otolaryngology- head and neck surgery annual meetings: A five year study 2006–2010
Authors: Ogilvie Lauren N , Pauwels Julie , Chadha Neil K , Kozak Frederick K 
Published: December 2014

Background To determine the rate of publication in a peer-reviewed journal for all oral presentations made at the Canadian Society for Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery's Annual Meetings from 2006–2010. Methods All abstracts were searched by keywords and authors’ names in Medline via PubMed and Google Scholar. Authors of presented abstracts not found to be published were contacted directly for further information. Results 50.5% of presented abstracts (n = 198) were subsequently published with an average time to publication of 21 months. For those abstracts found not to be published 74.6% (n = 167) of authors responded with further information about their research, 66% (n = 89) of abstracts with author response that were not published were never submitted for publication. Authors’ main reasons for not publishing were that the research was still in process (34%, n = 21) or that a resident or fellow working on the project “had moved on” (26%, n = 16). Conclusion The publication rate for the Canadian Society for Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery's Annual Meetings from 2006–2010 is within the range reported by other conferences and specifically other Canadian conferences in different specialties; however, roughly half of presentations went on to be published. The main barrier to publication was bringing projects to the submission stage and not rejection by journals. Resources such as more time for research or personnel to coordinate projects may result in a greater rate of project completion.
Impact of incorrect tissue classification in Dixon-based MR-AC: fat-water tissue inversion
Authors: Ladefoged Claes Nøhr , Hansen Adam Espe , Keller Sune Høgild , Holm Søren , Law Ian , Beyer Thomas , Højgaard Liselotte , Kjær Andreas , Andersen Flemming Littrup 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
The current MR-based attenuation correction (AC) used in combined PET/MR systems computes a Dixon attenuation map (MR-ACDixon) based on fat and water images derived from in- and opposed-phase MRI. We observed an occasional fat/water inversion in MR-ACDixon. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of this phenomenon in a large patient cohort and assess the possible bias on PET data.

Methods
PET/MRI was performed on a Siemens Biograph mMR (Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany). We visually inspected attenuation maps of 283 brain or head/neck (H/N) patients, classified them as non-inverted or inverted, and calculated the fat/water tissue fraction. We selected ten FDG-PET brain patients with non-inverted attenuation maps for further analysis. Tissue inversion was simulated, and PET images were reconstructed using both original and inverted attenuation maps. The FDG-PET images of the ten brain patients were analyzed using 11 concentric annulus regions of 5 mm width placed over a central transaxial image plane traversing PETDixon.

Results
Out of the 283 patients, a fat/water inversion in 23 patients (8.1%) was observed. The average fraction of fat in the correct MR-ACDixon was 13% for brain and 17% for H/N patients. In the inverted cases, we found an average fat fraction of 56% for the brain patients and 41% for the H/N patients. The effect of the simulated tissue inversion in the brain studies was clearly seen on AC-PET images. The percent-difference image revealed a radial error where the largest difference was at the ventricles (30% ± 3%) and smallest at the cortical region (10% ± 2%).

Conclusions
Tissue inversion in Dixon MRI is well known and can occur when there is an error in the off-resonance correction method. Tissue inversion needs to be considered if, based on Dixon-AC, the construction of normal PET databases is performed or any quantitative physiological parameters are fitted. Visual inspection is needed if Dixon-AC is to be used in clinical routine.
Positive Feedback Regulation Between Adiponectin and T-Cadherin Impacts Adiponectin Levels in Tissue and Plasma of Male Mice
Authors: Matsuda Keisuke , Fujishima Yuya , Maeda Norikazu , Mori Takuya , Hirata Ayumu , Sekimoto Ryohei , Tsushima Yu , Masuda Shigeki , Yamaoka Masaya , Inoue Kana , Nishizawa Hitoshi , Kita Shunbun , Ranscht Barbara , Funahashi Tohru , Shimomura Iichiro 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Adiponectin (Adipo), a multimeric adipocyte-secreted protein abundant in the circulation, is implicated in cardiovascular protective functions. Recent work documented that Adipo locally associates with responsive tissues through interactions with T-cadherin (Tcad), an atypical, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cadherin cell surface glycoprotein. Mice deficient for Tcad lack tissue-associated Adipo, accumulate Adipo in the circulation, and mimic the Adipo knockout (KO) cardiovascular phenotype. In reverse, Tcad protein is visibly reduced from cardiac tissue in Adipo-KO mice, suggesting interdependent regulation of the 2 proteins. Here, we evaluate the effect of Adipo on Tcad protein expression. Adipo and Tcad proteins were colocalized in aorta, heart, and skeletal muscle. Adipo positively regulated levels of Tcad protein in vivo and in endothelial cell (EC) cultures. In Tcad-KO mice, binding of endogenous and exogenously administered Adipo to cardiovascular tissues was dramatically reduced. Consistently, knockdown of Tcad in cultured murine vascular ECs significantly diminished Adipo binding. In search for a possible mechanism, we found that enzymatic cleavage of Tcad with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C increases plasma Adipo while decreasing tissue-bound levels. Similarly, pretreatment of cultured ECs with serum containing Adipo attenuated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C-mediated Tcad cleavage. In vivo administration of adenovirus producing Adipo suppressed plasma levels of GPI phospholipase D, the endogenous cleavage enzyme for GPI-anchored proteins. In conclusion, our data show that both circulating and tissue-bound Adipo levels are dependent on Tcad and, in reverse, regulate tissue Tcad levels through a positive feedback loop that operates by suppressing phospholipase-mediated Tcad release from the cell surface.
Gestational Diabetes Alters Offspring DNA Methylation Profiles in Human and Rat: Identification of Key Pathways Involved in Endocrine System Disorders, Insulin Signaling, Diabetes Signaling, and ILK Signaling
Authors: Petropoulos Sophie , Guillemin Claire , Ergaz Zivanit , Dimov Sergiy , Suderman Matthew , Weinstein-Fudim Liza , Ornoy Asher , Szyf Moshe 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGestational diabetes is associated with risk for metabolic disease later in life. Using a cross-species approach in rat and humans, we examined the hypothesis that gestational diabetes during pregnancy triggers changes in the methylome of the offspring that might be mediating these risks. We show in a gestation diabetes rat model, the Cohen diabetic rat, that gestational diabetes triggers wide alterations in DNA methylation in the placenta in both candidate diabetes genes and genome-wide promoters, thus providing evidence for a causal relationship between diabetes during pregnancy and DNA methylation alterations. There is a significant overlap between differentially methylated genes in the placenta and the liver of the rat offspring. Several genes differentially methylated in rat placenta exposed to maternal diabetes are also differentially methylated in the human placenta of offspring exposed to gestational diabetes in utero. DNA methylation changes inversely correlate with changes in expression. The changes in DNA methylation affect known functional gene pathways involved in endocrine function, metabolism, and insulin responses. These data provide support to the hypothesis that early-life exposures and their effects on metabolic disease are mediated by DNA methylation changes. This has important diagnostic and therapeutic implications.