bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-33 prevents age-related bone loss and memory impairment by suppression of Th17 response: evidence in a d-galactose–induced aging mouse model
Authors: Kaushal Saurabh Kumar , Parul  , Tripathi Alok , Singh Devendra Pratap , Paul Ankita , Alka Kumari , Shukla Shubha , Singh Divya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cytokines are the primary mediators of age-related disorders. The IL-17/IL-10 axis plays a crucial role in bone destruction and neuro-inflammation. Additionally, a new Th2 cytokine—IL-33—has gained attention for its potential implications in aging-associated conditions. However, the involvement of IL-33 in aging-mediated bone loss and memory impairment remains unclear and needs further investigation. This study reveals the impact of IL-33 on various aspects of the immune system, bone health, and neural functions. To induce senescence, we used d-galactose for its convenience and fewer side effects. The experimental design involved treating 20-week-old C57BL/6J mice with d-galactose subcutaneously for 10 weeks to induce aging-like effects. Thereafter, IL-33 recombinant protein was administered intraperitoneally for 15 days to evaluate its impact on various immune, skeletal, and neural parameters. The results demonstrated that d-galactose–induced aging led to bone loss and compromised osteogenic parameters, accompanied by increased oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in specific brain regions. Behavioral activities were also affected. However, supplementation with IL-33 mitigated these effects, elevating osteogenic parameters and reducing senescence markers in osteoblast cells in an aging mouse model and exerted neuroprotective potential. Notably d-galactose–induced aging was characterized by high bone turnover, reflected by altered serum levels of CTX, PTH, beta-galactosidase, and P1NP. IL-33 treatment attenuated these effects, suggesting its role in regulating bone metabolism. Furthermore, d-galactose–induced aging was associated with increased differentiation of Th17 cells and upregulation of associated markers, such as STAT-3 and ROR-γt, while downregulating Foxp3, which antagonizes Th17 cell differentiation. IL-33 treatment countered these effects by suppressing Th17 cell differentiation and promoting IL-10–producing T-regulatory cells. Overall, these findings provide insights into the potential therapeutic implications of IL-33 in addressing aging-induced bone loss and memory impairment.
Multi-site phantomless bone mineral density from clinical quantitative computed tomography in males
Authors: Haverfield Zachary A , Agnew Amanda M , Loftis Kathryn , Zhang Jun , Hayden Lauren E , Hunter Randee L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) is commonly assessed using QCT. Although standard vBMD calculation methods require phantom rods that may not be available, internal-reference phantomless (IPL) and direct measurements of Hounsfield units (HU) can be used to calculate vBMD in their absence. Yet, neither approach has been systemically assessed across skeletal sites, and HU need further validation as a vBMD proxy. This study evaluated the accuracy of phantomless methods, including IPL and regression-based phantomless (RPL) calibration using HU to calculate vBMD, compared to phantom-based (PB) methods. vBMD from QCT scans of 100 male post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) was calculated using site-specific PB calibration at multiple skeletal sites throughout the body. A development sample of 50/100 PMHS was used to determine site-specific reference material density for IPL calibration and RPL equations. Reference densities and equations from the development sample were used to calculate IPL and RPL vBMD on the remaining 50/100 PMHS for method validation. PB and IPL/RPL vBMD were not significantly different (p &gt; .05). Univariate regressions between PB and IPL/RPL vBMD were universally significant (p &lt; 0.05), except for IPL Rad-30 (p = 0.078), with a percent difference across all sites of 6.97% ± 5.95% and 5.22% ± 4.59% between PB and IPL/RPL vBMD, respectively. As vBMD increased, there were weaker relationships and larger differences between PB vBMD and IPL/RPL vBMD. IPL and RPL vBMD had strong relationships with PB vBMD across sites (R2 = 97.99, R2 = 99.17%, respectively), but larger residual differences were found for IPL vBMD. As the accuracy of IPL/RPL vBMD varied between sites, phantomless methods should be site-specific to provide values more comparable to PB vBMD. Overall, this study suggests that RPL calibration may better represent PB vBMD compared to IPL calibration, increases the utility of opportunistic QCT, and provides insight into bone quality and fracture risk.
Enhancing non-Bt corn refuge based on corn grower and seed dealer surveys
Authors: Alsdorf Alexis , Reisig Dominic , Brown Zach , Ferraro Greg , Rejesus Roderick 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
To delay Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) resistance, southern US corn growers are required to plant 20% of their total corn acres to non-Bt hybrids. However, most do not, possibly due to negative perceptions or the lack of availability of non-Bt hybrids. We surveyed 174 corn growers and 32 corn seed dealers in eastern North Carolina, an area that historically has planted little non-Bt corn. Our questions focused on planting behavior and hybrid choice, barriers to planting non-Bt corn, and preferences and challenges for non-Bt corn sales. Only 32% of growers surveyed planted the mandated non-Bt refuge acres. Growers from counties with smaller crop operations and in counties where growers had less graduate education planted less non-Bt seed. Grower perceptions of yield differences between Bt and non-Bt hybrids were ambiguous, but only a few had limited availability or knowledge of non-Bt seed options. Seed dealers were familiar with non-Bt corn hybrids in their portfolio, but not as familiar with non-Bt refuge requirements. Furthermore, dealers indicated obstacles in providing diverse herbicide packages and seed treatments for non-Bt hybrids. We highlight the need for enhanced communication and education initiatives. Strengthening educational outreach to clarify refuge requirements and addressing perceived yield disparities between Bt and non-Bt hybrids could also increase planting of non-Bt refuge. Finally, incentivizing seed dealers to offer and promote non-Bt seed options, coupled with diverse herbicide packages, might increase refuge planting. Our surveys underscore the complexity surrounding grower behaviors, seed dealer dynamics, and the importance of educational efforts and incentives to non-Bt refuge.
Night sky polarization model for a cloud-free atmosphere illuminated by ground-based light sources
Authors: Kocifaj M , Markoš P , Kundracik F , Barentine J C , Wallner S 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Skyglow from sources of artificial light at night poses a significant challenge to ground-based astronomical research and discovery. Although astronomers, conservationists, and light-pollution researchers have measured skyglow for decades, their data on diffuse night-time light fields are incomplete as they lacks information about the polarization state of the light. Here, we present the first successful theoretical model that predicts the degree and angle of linear polarization of scattered night sky light and accounts for complex, real-world distributions of ground light sources. The model proceeds from an analytical solution to the polarized radiative transfer equation that is validated by field experiments. We discuss several use cases of the model and demonstrate its practical consequences, such as the ability to more reliably determine which ground sources in the area around an observer contribute the most scattered light in a given sky element.
Primeval very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs – VIII. The first age benchmark L subdwarf, a wide companion to a halo white dwarf
Authors: Zhang Z H , Raddi R , Burgasser A J , Casewell S L , Smart R L , Gálvez-Ortiz M C , Jones H R A , Baig S , Lodieu N , Gauza B , Pavlenko Ya V , Jiao Y F , Zhao Z K , Zhou S Y , Pinfield D J 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of five white dwarf + ultracool dwarf systems identified as common proper motion wide binaries in the Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars. The discoveries include a white dwarf + L subdwarf binary, VVV 1256−62AB, a gravitationally bound system located 75.6$^{+1.9}_{-1.8}$ pc away with a projected separation of 1375$^{+35}_{-33}$ au. The primary is a cool DC white dwarf with a hydrogen dominated atmosphere, and has a total age of $10.5^{+3.3}_{-2.1}$ Gyr, based on white dwarf model fitting. The secondary is an L subdwarf with a metallicity of [M/H] = $-0.72^{+0.08}_{-0.10}$ (i.e. [Fe/H] = $-0.81\pm 0.10$) and $T_{\rm eff}$ = 2298$^{+45}_{-43}$ K based on atmospheric model fitting of its optical to near infrared spectrum, and likely has a mass just above the stellar/substellar boundary. The subsolar metallicity of the L subdwarf and the system’s total space velocity of 406 km s−1 indicates membership in the Galactic halo, and it has a flat eccentric Galactic orbit passing within 1 kpc of the centre of the Milky Way every $\sim$0.4 Gyr and extending to 15–31 kpc at apogal. VVV 1256−62B is the first L subdwarf to have a well-constrained age, making it an ideal benchmark of metal-poor ultracool dwarf atmospheres and evolution.
Characterization of the δ Scuti eclipsing binary KIC 4851217 and its tertiary companion as well as detection of tidally tilted pulsations
Authors: Jennings Z , Southworth J , Rappaport S A , Borkovits T , Handler G , Kurtz D W 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Stellar theory enables us to understand the properties of stars at different stages of their evolution, and contributes to other fields of astrophysics such as galactic and exoplanet studies. Assessing the accuracy of stellar theories necessitates high precision, model-independent measurements of the properties of real stars, such as those obtainable for the components of double-lined eclipsing binaries (DLEBs), while asteroseismology offers probing power of the stellar interior if one or both components pulsate. KIC 4851217 is a DLEB containing two late A-type stars and exhibits pulsations of the $\delta$ Scuti type. By analysing high resolution HERMES and moderate resolution ISIS spectra, jointly with Kepler and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite light curves, we measured the masses, radii, and effective temperatures of the components to precisions of $\sim$0.5, $\sim$1.1, and $\sim$1 per cent, respectively. We additionally report the discovery and characterization of a tertiary M-dwarf companion. Models of the system’s spectral energy distribution agree with an age of 0.82 Gyr, with the more massive and larger secondary component near the end of the main-sequence lifetime. An examination of the pulsating component’s pulsation frequencies reveals 39 pulsation multiplets that are split by the orbital frequency. For most of these, it is evident that the pulsation axes have been tilted into the orbital plane. This makes KIC 4851217 a tidally tilted pulsator (TTP). This precisely characterized $\delta$ Scuti DLEB is an ideal candidate for advancing intermediate-mass stellar theory, contributing to our understanding of hierarchical systems as well as to the topic of TTPs.
Effect of area divergence and frequency on damping of slow magnetoacoustic waves propagating along umbral fan loops
Authors: Rawat Ananya , Gupta Girjesh R 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Waves play an important role in the heating of solar atmosphere; however, observations of wave propagation and damping from the solar photosphere to corona through chromosphere and transition region are very rare. Recent observations have shown propagation of 3-min slow magnetoacoustic waves (SMAWs) along fan loops from the solar photosphere to corona. In this work, we investigate the role of area divergence and frequencies on the damping of SMAWs propagating from the photosphere to the corona along several fan loops rooted in the sunspot umbra. We study the Fourier power spectra of oscillations along fan loops at each atmospheric height which showed significant enhancements in 1–2, 2.3–3.6, and 4.2–6 min period bands. Amplitude of intensity oscillations in different period bands and heights are extracted after normalizing the filtered light curves with low-frequency background. We find damping of SMAW energy flux propagating along the fan loop 6 with damping lengths $\approx 170$ and $\approx 208$ km for 1.5- and 3-min period bands. We also show the decay of total wave energy content with height after incorporating area divergence effect, and present actual damping of SMAWs from photosphere to corona. Actual damping lengths in this case increases to $\approx 172$ and $\approx 303$ km for 1.5- and 3-min period bands. All the fan loops show such increase in actual damping lengths, and thus highlight the importance of area divergence effect. Results also show some frequency-dependent damping of SMAW energy fluxes with height where high-frequency waves are damped faster than low-frequency waves.
Costless correction of chain based nested sampling parameter estimation in gravitational wave data and beyond
Authors: Prathaban Metha , Handley Will 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Nested sampling parameter estimation differs from evidence estimation, in that it incurs an additional source of uncertainty. This uncertainty affects estimates of parameter means and credible intervals in gravitational wave analyses and beyond, and yet, it is typically not accounted for in standard uncertainty estimation methods. In this paper, we present two novel methods to quantify this uncertainty more accurately for any chain based nested sampler, using the additional likelihood calls made at run time in producing independent samples. Using injected signals of black hole binary coalescences as an example, we first show concretely that the usual uncertainty estimation method is insufficient to capture the true error bar on parameter estimates. We then demonstrate how the extra points in the chains of chain based samplers may be carefully utilized to estimate this uncertainty correctly, and provide a way to check the accuracy of the resulting error bars. Finally, we discuss how this uncertainty affects p–p plots and coverage assessments.
Simultaneous onset of chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis in siblings
Authors: Patel Jenny A , Thomas Kristen B , Ristagno Elizabeth H , Basiaga Matthew L 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is an uncommon autoinflammatory disorder. Significant effort has recently been spent to better define and treat this disorder including development of consensus treatment protocols, validate disease activity tools, and refining classification criteria. However, the underlying immunopathogenesis of the disease remains elusive. In this report, we describe the simultaneous onset of CNO in siblings. A pathogenic gene mutation was not identified, and these sisters lacked a similar biomarker profile. This report highlights that if a genetic predisposition for CNO exists, it may be related to complex polygenic or multifactorial mechanisms of disease evolution.
Glioma resource outreach with support: A program to identify and initiate supportive care interventions for unmet needs among adult lower-grade glioma patients
Authors: Garcia Fox Rachel , Chukwueke Ugonma N , Sannes Timothy , Miran Damien , Chiu Daniel , Bagley Christina , Holmes Emerson Grace , Peirce Benjamin , Beroukhim Rameen , Youssef Gilbert , McFaline-Figueroa J Ricardo , Aquilanti Elisa , Quant Lee Eudocia , Nayak Lakshmi , Wen Patrick Y , Gonzalez Castro L Nicolas , Reardon David A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Lower-grade (WHO grades 2–3) gliomas typically affect young and middle-aged adults and exhibit isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations. For such patients, symptoms related to the tumor and associated treatment contribute to morbidity and erode quality of life. With improved treatment, a better understanding of these effects over time is critically needed. Existing data characterizing unmet needs of lower-grade glioma patients is limited and little consensus exists on addressing these needs in clinical practice.

Methods
In order to better identify and address the unmet needs of lower-grade glioma patients, focus groups among patients and caregivers were initially conducted among patients treated at a single academic center. A semi-structured interview guide to comprehensively understand unmet needs was then developed. Each patient-defined unmet need was categorized into domains through qualitative content analysis. In parallel, a database of established local and regional community-based resources was established, and a dedicated resource specialist provided patient-specific referrals and follow-up.

Results
Eighty-five patients were interviewed. Median age was 41 years and the median time from tumor diagnosis was 63 months. Approximately 68% had a WHO grade 2 tumor and 60% were off therapy. Qualitative analysis of interview content identified 5 overarching domains of unmet need: Psychosocial; Neurologic/Cognitive; Lifestyle; Financial; and Other Medical. At least one unmet need was identified by 71% of participants and the most common domains were Psychosocial (40.7%) and Lifestyle (34.9%).

Conclusions
Our program begins to address frequently unmet survivorship needs of lower-grade glioma patients that spanned 5 major domains. Further research aimed to better define and address unmet needs among these patients is warranted.
Illness understanding and religiousness in patients with recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Fortunato John T , Walsh Leah E , Polacek Laura C , Reiner Anne S , Walbert Tobias , Thomas Alissa A , Buthorn Justin , Sigler Allison , Prigerson Holly G , Applebaum Allison J , Diamond Eli L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) often have inaccurate perceptions of prognosis. Strong religious beliefs have been associated with limited illness understanding (IU) in patients with advanced cancer, but IU and religiousness have not been investigated in patients with GBM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between religiousness and spirituality and IU in patients with GBM.

Methods
Patients enrolled in a prospective multicenter study of recurrent GBM (Coping with Glioblastoma, NCT02375841). Within one month of medical visits discussing MRI scans showing GBM progression, patients completed study surveys containing published measures of IU and religiousness. IU was compared between participants with moderate or high versus slight or no religiousness based on several patient-reported prompts using Fisher’s exact tests.

Results
Twenty-four patients completed surveys of religiousness and IU. IU was partial within our cohort. Fifteen participants (62.5%) acknowledged that their illness was terminal. Only 6 (25%) correctly acknowledged their prognosis (months). Eleven patients (46%) were moderately or very religious, while 9 (38%) were either slightly religious or not at all religious. High religiousness and spirituality were each associated with partial IU (P = .06 and P = .01, respectively). A belief that God could perform a miracle to cure them of cancer and a belief in sanctity through suffering were also each associated with partial IU.

Conclusions
This prospective study that suggests religiousness, including the belief in miracles and a belief in sanctification through suffering, might influence patients’ IU. Further research is warranted to study this association.
Kilogram-scale production of strong and smart cellulosic fibers featuring unidirectional fibril alignment
Authors: Li Jianguo , Chen Chaoji , Chen Qiongyu , Li Zhihan , Xiao Shaoliang , Gao Jinlong , He Shuaiming , Lin Zhiwei , Tang Hu , Li Teng , Hu Liangbing 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Multifunctional fibers with high mechanical strength enable advanced applications of smart textiles, robotics, and biomedicine. Herein, we reported a one-step degumming method to fabricate strong, stiff, and humidity-responsive smart cellulosic fibers from abundant natural grass. The facile process involves partially removing lignin and hemicellulose functioning as glue in grass, which leads to the separation of vessels, parenchymal cells, and cellulosic fibers, where cellulosic fibers are manufactured at kilogram scale. The resulting fibers show dense and unidirectional fibril structure at both micro- and nano-scales, which demonstrate high tensile strength of ∼0.9 GPa and Young's modulus of 72 GPa, being 13- and 14-times higher than original grass. Inspired by stretchable plant tendrils, we developed a humidity-responsive actuator by engineering cellulosic fibers into the spring-like structures, presenting superior response rate and lifting capability. These strong and smart cellulosic fibers can be manufactured at large scale with low cost, representing promising a fiber material derived from renewable and sustainable biomass.
Sulfur filling activates vacancy-induced C–C bond cleavage in polyol electrooxidation
Authors: Shi Jianqiao , Chen Wei , Wu Yandong , Zhu Yanwei , Xie Chao , Jiang Yimin , Huang Yu-Cheng , Dong Chung-Li , Zou Yuqin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Using the electrochemical polyol oxidation reaction (POR) to produce formic acid over nickel-based oxides/hydroxides (NiOxHy) is an attractive strategy for the electrochemical upgrading of biomass-derived polyols. The key step in the POR, i.e. the cleavage of the C–C bond, depends on an oxygen-vacancy-induced mechanism. However, a high-energy oxygen vacancy is usually ineffective for Schottky-type oxygen-vacancy-rich β-Ni(OH)2 (VSO-β-Ni(OH)2). As a result, both β-Ni(OH)2 and VSO-β-Ni(OH)2 cannot continuously catalyze oxygen-vacancy-induced C–C bond cleavage during PORs. Here, we report a strategy of oxygen-vacancy-filling with sulfur to synthesize a β-Ni(OH)2 (S-VO-β-Ni(OH)2) catalyst, whose oxygen vacancies are protected by filling with sulfur atoms. During PORs over S-VO-β-Ni(OH)2, the pre-electrooxidation-induced loss of sulfur and structural self-reconstruction cause the in-situ generation of stable Frenkel-type oxygen vacancies for activating vacancy-induced C–C bond cleavage, thus leading to excellent POR performances. This work provides an intelligent approach for guaranteeing the sustaining action of the oxygen-vacancy-induced catalytic mechanism in electrooxidation reactions.