bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postural Complexity Influences Development in Infants Born Preterm With Brain Injury: Relating Perception-Action Theory to 3 Cases
Authors: Dusing Stacey C. , Izzo Theresa , Thacker Leroy R. , Galloway James Cole 
Published: June 2014

Background and PurposePerception-action theory suggests a cyclical relationship between movement and perceptual information. In this case series, changes in postural complexity were used to quantify an infant's action and perception during the development of early motor behaviors.Case DescriptionThree infants born preterm with periventricular white matter injury were included.OutcomesLongitudinal changes in postural complexity (approximate entropy of the center of pressure), head control, reaching, and global development, measured with the Test of Infant Motor Performance and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, were assessed every 0.5 to 3 months during the first year of life. All 3 infants demonstrated altered postural complexity and developmental delays. However, the timing of the altered postural complexity and the type of delays varied among the infants. For infant 1, reduced postural complexity or limited action while learning to control her head in the midline position may have contributed to her motor delay. However, her ability to adapt her postural complexity eventually may have supported her ability to learn from her environment, as reflected in her relative cognitive strength. For infant 2, limited early postural complexity may have negatively affected his learning through action, resulting in cognitive delay. For infant 3, an increase in postural complexity above typical levels was associated with declining neurological status.DiscussionPostural complexity is proposed as a measure of perception and action in the postural control system during the development of early behaviors. An optimal, intermediate level of postural complexity supports the use of a variety of postural control strategies and enhances the perception-action cycle. Either excessive or reduced postural complexity may contribute to developmental delays in infants born preterm with white matter injury.
Rethinking Sarah Kane’s Characters: A Human(ist) Form and Politics
Authors: LePage Louise 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT: The common lore of Sarah Kane scholarship is that Blasted’s characters are initially naturalistic, denoting Cartesian or liberal-humanist subjectivity, and later, are determined products (i.e. “animals” or linguistic fragments). This article shows that such assumptions are erroneous. Kane’s characters, Ian and Cate, are naturalistic; however, an examination of character in the naturalist theatre tradition reveals, not a fixed and autonomous agent, but an individual who is complexly organized by natural and cultural parts and founded upon a compatibilist model of mind. By reflecting upon the “conglomerate” naturalistic character articulated by August Strindberg, in his preface to Miss Julie (1888), the article shows that Kane’s changing dramaturgical treatment of character reveals, not different models of self, but one hybrid individual, capable of change and self-determination. Rethinking Kane’s characters, in this way, as human(ist) (but not liberal-humanist) subjects, the article brings into focus a politics for Blasted that is emancipatory: crucially, people are changeable and the human species has some capacity to determine its future.
The Aesthetics of Garbage in Philip K. Dick’s
Authors: Simpson Ken 
Published: June 2014

Abstract: This article suggests that the proliferation of garbage in Philip K. Dick’s Martian Time-Slip is not descriptive or predictive but aesthetic. The use of trash in literary and visual art would have been familiar to Dick from the works of Beat poets and assemblage artists circulating in the San Francisco area during the late 1950s and early 1960s, but the specific garbage aesthetic of the novel is based on two principles: the accumulation of found objects and the sacred grotesque, including its suggestion of renewal by inversion. The first principle is inseparable from Dick’s analysis of consumer capitalism, while the second highlights the playful inversion of religious imagery and the possibility of renewal arising from the materiality, debasement, and incoherence of trash. While Dick anticipates postmodern trash aesthetics, especially in the framing of accumulated found objects, his emphasis on the sacred grotesque distinguishes his garbage texts from the “palimpsestic” representations of garbage described by Robert Stam and others.
“You See, Children Were the—theRaison D’être”: The Reproductive Futurism of Charlotte Perkins Gilman’sHerland
Authors: Evans Lynne 
Published: June 2014

Abstract:This article argues that Herland, Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s influential 1915 utopia, ratifies and works to renew the ideologies of a white, racist, male-dominated heteronormativity through the body of the child. Through its obsession with the child, Herland enacts the “reproductive futurism” that queer theorist Lee Edelman recognizes as the heavily guarded, central constituting principle of heteronormative culture. Gilman’s text does not provide a new vision for America; rather, Herland enacts a renewal of the same constitutive fears that heteronormative culture seeks to displace onto the body of the child. Gilman’s text is, thereby, deeply implicated in the very patriarchal subjugation the author wishes to subvert and in the larger reproduction of a racist and heterosexist hegemony.
Quantifying accuracy and precision of diffusion MR tractography of the corticospinal tract in brain tumors
Authors: Mandelli Maria Luisa , Berger Mitchel S. , Bucci Monica , Berman Jeffrey I. , Amirbekian Bagrat , Henry Roland G. 
Published: June 2014

Object
The aim of this paper was to validate the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) model for delineation of the corticospinal tract using cortical and subcortical white matter electrical stimulation for the location of functional motor pathways.

Methods
The authors compare probabilistic versus deterministic DTI fiber tracking by reconstructing the pyramidal fiber tracts on preoperatively acquired DTI in patients with brain tumors. They determined the accuracy and precision of these 2 methods using subcortical stimulation points and the sensitivity using cortical stimulation points. The authors further explored the reliability of these methods by estimation of the potential that the found connections were due to a random chance using a novel neighborhood permutation method.

Results
The probabilistic tracking method delineated tracts that were significantly closer to the stimulation points and was more sensitive than deterministic DTI fiber tracking to define the tracts directed to the motor sites. However, both techniques demonstrated poor sensitivity to finding lateral motor regions.

Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of the validation and quantification of preoperative fiber tracking with the aid of electrophysiological data during the surgery. The poor sensitivity of DTI to delineate lateral motor pathways reported herein suggests that DTI fiber tracking must be used with caution and only as adjunctive data to established methods for motor mapping.
Clinical and radiological outcomes following traumatic Grade 1 and 2 vertebral artery injuries: a 10-year retrospective analysis from a Level 1 trauma center
Authors: Scott William W. , Sharp Steven , Figueroa Stephen A. , Madden Christopher J. , Rickert Kim L. 
Published: June 2014

Object
Screening of blunt vertebral artery (VA) injuries has increased since research has shown that they occur at a higher incidence than originally reported. Grade 1 and 2 injuries are the most common form of blunt VA injury. Proper screening, management, and follow-up of these injuries remain controversial. In this report, imaging, progression, treatment, and outcomes of Grade 1 and 2 blunt VA injuries were analyzed to better define their natural history and to establish a rational management plan based upon their risk of progression and cerebral infarct.

Methods
A retrospective review of all blunt traumatic carotid artery and VA injuries from December 2003 to April 2013 was performed. For the purposes of this report, focus was given to Grade 1 and 2 VA injuries. Grade 1 injuries were defined as a vessel lumen stenosis of less than 25%, and Grade 2 injuries were defined as vessel lumen stenosis between 25% and 50%. Demographic information, radiological imaging, number of images performed per individual, length of radiological follow-up, radiological outcome at the end of follow-up, treatment provided, and documentation of stroke or transient ischemic attack were recorded.

Results
One hundred eighty-seven Grade 1 and 2 VA injuries in 143 patients were identified. Of these 143 patients, 120 with 152 Grade 1 or 2 blunt VA injuries were available for follow-up. The mean duration of follow-up was 40 days. Repeat imaging showed that 148 (97.4%) Grade 1 or 2 blunt VA injuries were stable, improved, or resolved on final follow-up imaging. Seventy-nine patients (66%) were treated with aspirin, whereas 35 patients (29%) received no treatment. The remaining patients were treated with other antiplatelet agents or anticoagulant medication. Neuroimaging demonstrated 2 cases (1.7%) with posterior circulation infarcts that were believed to be related to their blunt VA injuries, both of which occurred during the initial hospitalization and within the first 4 days after injury.

Conclusions
Although follow-up imaging showed progressive worsening without radiological improvement in only a small number of patients with low-grade blunt VA injuries, these findings did not correlate with adverse clinical outcome. The posttraumatic cerebral infarction rate of 1.7% may be overestimated, and the use of acetylsalicylic acid or other antiplatelet or anticoagulant medication did not correlate with radiological changes or rate of cerebral infarction. While these data suggest the possibility that these low-grade VA injuries may not require treatment or follow-up, future prospective studies are needed to make conclusive changes related to management.
Estimating EQ-5D values from the Neck Disability Index and numeric rating scales for neck and arm pain
Authors: Carreon Leah Y. , Bratcher Kelly R. , Das Nandita , Nienhuis Jacob B. , Glassman Steven D. 
Published: June 2014

Object
The Neck Disability Index (NDI) and numeric rating scales (0 to 10) for neck pain and arm pain are widely used cervical spine disease–specific measures. Recent studies have shown that there is a strong relationship between the SF-6D and the NDI such that using a simple linear regression allows for the estimation of an SF-6D value from the NDI alone. Due to ease of administration and scoring, the EQ-5D is increasingly being used as a measure of utility in the clinical setting. The purpose of this study is to determine if the EQ-5D values can be estimated from commonly available cervical spine disease–specific health-related quality of life measures, much like the SF-6D.

Methods
The EQ-5D, NDI, neck pain score, and arm pain score were prospectively collected in 3732 patients who presented to the authors' clinic with degenerative cervical spine disorders. Correlation coefficients for paired observations from multiple time points between the NDI, neck pain and arm pain scores, and EQ-5D were determined. Regression models were built to estimate the EQ-5D values from the NDI, neck pain, and arm pain scores.

Results
The mean age of the 3732 patients was 53.3 ± 12.2 years, and 43% were male. Correlations between the EQ-5D and the NDI, neck pain score, and arm pain score were statistically significant (p < 0.0001), with correlation coefficients of −0.77, −0.62, and −0.50, respectively. The regression equation 0.98947 + (−0.00705 × NDI) + (−0.00875 × arm pain score) + (−0.00877 × neck pain score) to predict EQ-5D had an R-square of 0.62 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.146. The model using NDI alone had an R-square of 0.59 and a RMSE of 0.150. The model using the individual NDI items had an R-square of 0.46 and an RMSE of 0.172. The correlation coefficient between the observed and estimated EQ-5D scores was 0.79. There was no statistically significant difference between the actual EQ-5D score (0.603 ± 0.235) and the estimated EQ-5D score (0.603 ± 0.185) using the NDI, neck pain score, and arm pain score regression model. However, rounding off the coefficients to fewer than 5 decimal places produced less accurate results.

Conclusions
The regression model estimating the EQ-5D from the NDI, neck pain score, and arm pain score accounted for 60% of the variability of the EQ-5D with a relatively large RMSE. This regression model may not be sufficient to accurately or reliably estimate actual EQ-5D values.
Study on the Microstructure and Fracture Mechanism of Stable β Phase Containing Tial Alloy
Authors: Yi Xiang Bin , Rui Zhi Yuan , Feng Rui Cheng , Zuo Yan Rui 
Published: June 2014

Study on the Ti-43Al-9V-0.3Y alloys forged microstructure, which added a large amount of β phase stable element. The influence on the mechanical properties and synusia cluster refinement about β phase is analyzed. The test of material static tensile at 700 °C and room temperature is conducted. The results show that the V elements urges the grain size α2 and β phase formation, β phase can inhibit α grain growth effectively. At the same time, its deformation ability can increase the high temperature plastic of the material. Experiments show that the main form of alloy tensile fracture at room temperature was intergranular fracture. Hole proliferation and communicated with each other through layers of crack is the main characteristics of high temperature tensile fracture of the alloy.
A Semantic Annotation Framework to Assist the Knowledge Interoperability along a Product Life Cycle
Authors: Liao Yong Xin , Lezoche Mario , Rocha Loures Eduardo , Panetto Hervé , Boudjlida Nacer 
Published: June 2014

The interoperability among a variety of systems, in or across manufacturing enterprises, has been widely accepted as one of the important factors that affects the efficiency of production. The aim of this study is to deal with the semantic interoperability issues in a product lifecycle management environment. Through the investigation of related works, the need for the formalization of semantic annotation was discovered. This paper addresses this drawback and introduces a framework that uses formalized semantic annotations to assist the knowledge interoperability along a product life cycle.
Diagnose angeborener Störungen der Thrombozytenfunktion
Authors: Knöfler R. , Eberl W. , Schulze H. , Bakchoul T. , Bergmann F. , Gehrisch S. , Geisen C. , Gottstein S. , Halimeh S. , Harbrecht U. , Kappert G. , Kirchmaier C. , Kehrel B. , Lösche W. , Krause M. , Mahnel R. , Meyer O. , Pilgrimm A. K. , Pillitteri D. , Rott H. , Santoso S. , Siegemund A. , Schambeck C. , Scheer M. , Schmugge M. , Scholl T. , Strauss G. , Zieger B. , Zotz R. , Hermann M. , Streif W. 
Published: June 2014

ZusammenfassungAngeborene Störungen der Thrombozytenfunktion sind eine heterogene Gruppe von Erkrankungen, die oft erst bei Auftreten von Blutungen erkannt werden. Im klinischen Bereich haben sich nur wenige Methoden zur Diagnose und Klassifizierung von angeborenen Thrombozytenfunktionsstörungen bewährt. Für eine rationelle Diagnostik ist ein stufenweises Vorgehen empfehlenswert. Anamnese und klinische Untersuchung sind Grundvoraussetzungen. Das von-Willebrand-Syndrom und andere plasmatische Gerinnungsstörungen sollten vor einer spezifischen Thrombozytenfunktionsdiagnostik immer ausgeschlossen werden. Die Bestimmung von Zahl, Größe, Volumen (MPV) und Morphologie der Thrombozyten erlauben Rückschlüsse auf die zu Grunde liegende Störung.Die PFA-100®-Verschlusszeit eignet sich als Screening zum Ausschluss schwerer Thrombozytenfunktionsstörungen. Die Aggrego metrie ermöglicht die Untersuchung zahlreicher Aspekte der Thrombozytenfunktion. Die Durchflusszytometrie ist zur Diagnose von Thrombasthenie Glanzmann, Bernard-Soulier- Syndrom und Freisetzungsstörungen geeignet. Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen können die Verdachtsdiagnose bestätigen oder zum Nachweis nicht beschriebener Defekte verwendet werden. Hier wird die ungekürzte Version der inter -disziplinären Leitlinie* präsentiert.
Concise Review: Breast Cancer Stem Cells: Regulatory Networks, Stem Cell Niches, and Disease Relevance
Authors: Guo Wenjun 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs), the cancer cells that have long-term proliferative potential and the ability to regenerate tumors with phenotypically heterogeneous cell types, are important mediators of tumor metastasis and cancer relapse. In breast cancer, these cells often possess attributes of cells that have undergone an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Signaling networks mediated by microRNAs and EMT-inducing transcription factors connect the EMT program with the core stem cell regulatory machineries. These signaling networks are also regulated by extrinsic niche signals that induce and maintain CSCs, contributing to metastatic colonization and promoting the reactivation of dormant tumor cells. Targeting these CSC pathways is likely to improve the efficacy of conventional chemo- and radiotherapies.
Field line resonances as a trigger and a tracer for substorm onset
Authors: Rae I. Jonathan , Murphy K. R. , Watt C. E. J. , Rostoker G. , Rankin R. , Mann I. R. , Hodgson C. R. , Frey H. U. , Degeling A. W. , Forsyth C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we show that periodic auroral arc structures are seen at the location of one particular auroral substorm onset for the 15 min preceding onset, suggesting that field line resonances should be considered a strong candidate for triggering substorm onset. Irrespective of whether this field line resonance is coincidentally or causally linked to this substorm onset, the characteristics of the field line resonance can be used to remote sense the characteristics of the geomagnetic field line that supports substorm onset. In this instance, the eigenfrequency of this resonance is around 12 mHz. Interestingly, however, there is no evidence of this field line resonance in a seven satellite major Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS)‐GOES conjunction, ranging from geosynchronous orbit to ~30 RE. However, using space‐based cross‐phase measurements of the local field line eigenfrequency at the inner THEMIS locations, we find that the local field line eigenfrequency is 6–10 mHz. Hence, we can reliably say that this 12 mHz Field Line Resonance (FLR) must lie inside of THEMIS locations. Our conclusion is that a high‐m field line resonance can both represent a strong candidate for a trigger for substorm onset, as first proposed by Samson et al. (1992), and that its characteristics can provide invaluable information as to where substorm onset occurs in the magnetosphere.
Statistical analysis of geosynchronous magnetic field perturbations near midnight during sudden commencements
Authors: Park J.‐S. , Kim K.‐H. , Kwon H.‐J. , Lee E. , Lee D.‐H. , Jin H. , Hwang J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWhen an interplanetary (IP) shock passes over the Earth's magnetosphere, the geosynchronous magnetic field strength near noon is always enhanced except for the magnetopause crossing events. Near midnight, however, it increases or decreases. This indicates that the nightside magnetosphere is not always compressed by a sudden increase in the solar wind dynamic pressure. To understand midnight geosynchronous magnetic field responses to IP shocks, we statistically examined geosynchronous magnetic field perturbations, corresponding to 120 sudden commencements (SCs), observed when geosynchronous spacecraft were near midnight between 2200 and 0200 magnetic local times. Out of the 120 SCs, 107 SCs were identified by one geosynchronous spacecraft, and 13 SCs were identified by two geosynchronous spacecraft. Thus, 133 events were used in our statistical study. We observed 23 events in spring, 40 events in summer, 32 events in fall, and 38 events in winter, respectively. A statistical study of the midnight geosynchronous SC perturbations reveals the following characteristics. (1) In summer, all events show a positive enhancement (+ΔBT) in the magnetic field strength. (2) In winter, however, ΔBT exhibits a positive (+ΔBT) or negative (–ΔBT) enhancement. (3) In summer, the midnight geosynchronous SC perturbations in the BH component (positive northward) in VDH coordinates are mostly (∼88%, 35 out of 40 events) positive (+ΔBH), while the occurrence rate of the positive perturbation (∼43%) in the Bz component (positive northward) in GSM coordinates is lower than that of the negative perturbation (∼57%). (4) In winter, the negative perturbations in ΔBH (∼61%) and ΔBz (∼74%) are dominant. (5) Both the north‐south components (BH and Bz) in spring and fall are scattered around zero. To explain the observations, we suggest that SC‐associated cross‐tail current (JSC) has a peak intensity around geosynchronous orbit and thus is a main controlling factor of midnight geosynchronous magnetic field perturbations during SCs. Specifically, we suggest that the seasonal variation of the sign of ΔBH, ΔBz, and ΔBT is due to the seasonal variation of the spacecraft position relative to JSC.
Two‐dimensional hybrid models of H+‐He++ expanding solar wind plasma heating
Authors: Ofman L. , Viñas A. F. , Maneva Y. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPreferential heating and acceleration of the solar wind He++ ions compared to protons in fast solar wind streams have been known for decades, thanks to in situ spacecraft measurements at 0.29–5 AU. Turbulent magnetic field fluctuations with approximate power law spectra have been observed as well. However, the exact causes of these processes are still not known due to the lack of detailed information on the magnetic field fluctuations and ion velocity distributions in the acceleration region of the solar wind. Here the collisionless heating processes in expanding solar wind plasma are investigated using 2‐D hybrid modeling with parameters appropriate to the heliocentric distance of 10 RS. In this study the ion dynamics is described kinetically, while electrons are treated as a background massless fluid in an expanding solar wind model. The source of free energy for the heating is introduced through an initial nonequilibrium state of the plasma with large He++ ion temperature anisotropy or with super‐Alfvénic relative ion drift. We also employ an externally imposed spectrum of magnetic fluctuations in the frequency range below the proton gyroresonant frequency to heat the He++ ions. We investigate the effects of solar wind radial expansion by modeling several values of the expansion rate in a parametric study. We find that the preferential ion heating is attained in both nonexpanding and expanding solar wind models. Thus, the expansion has little effect on the preferential He++ ion heating by the processes considered here. Moreover, the expansion leads to faster evolution of the magnetosonic drift instability, reducing the drift velocity to lower values sooner, and the corresponding generation of the magnetic fluctuations that heat the ions, compared to the nonexpanding case. This is due to the reduction of the perpendicular particle velocities in the expanding (inflated) frame. For cases with little proton perpendicular heating, the solar wind expansion leads to the reduction of the proton temperature anisotropy to values less than one in the low‐βp∥ solar wind acceleration region consistent with some observed values. However, this effect must be offset by perpendicular proton heating—likely by the same process that heats the He++ ions to be consistent with the full range of observed proton perpendicular temperature values.