bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontluikende kerke – ‘n nuwe missionêre beweging. Deel 1: Ontluikende kerke as prototipes van ’n nuwe missionêre kerk
Authors: Niemandt CJP 
Published: November 2012

The article describes Emerging Churches as a 21st century phenomenon. Emerging churches are not a new denomination, but are experimental forms of church life, found in all denominations; formulating and living Christian faith in a post-modern world. The importance of emerging churches is that they serve as risk-taking prototypes, researching ways of being a relevant church and expressing faith in a current language. Serving older churches with new insights which they can consider. They are a new expression of church. Emerging churches should be understood in terms of their strong missional orientation – even to the extent that they should rather be called emerging missional churches. The emerging movement is missional in the sense that they are seeking what changes God is doing in this world. They become missional by participating with God, in the redemptive work God is doing in a changing world. This missional understanding is profoundly influenced by David Bosch’ s elaboration of the concept of the Missio Dei: the understanding that the very life of God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit is a process of mission. Emerging Churches are a new expression of church - Christians who are doing what they can to get the church back in line with the kingdom vision of Jesus. Part 2 will describe and elaborates on core practices of emerging missional churches.
Aspergillosis in HIV patients: a case series
Authors: Laurent F , Martin C , De Wit S 
Published: November 2012

PurposeAspergillosis is uncommon in HIV patients and has been mostly reported in patients with CD4<50/µL. Data on risk factors and prognosis are scarce. We reviewed 19 cases of aspergillosis diagnosed in our HIV cohort.MethodsIn the Brussels Saint‐Pierre HIV cohort, 19 patients were diagnosed with aspergillosis between 1998 and 2012 (0.87/1000 patient/year of follow‐up). We analyzed retrospectively and described localization and invasiveness of aspergillosis, risk factors, treatment and outcome of these patients.ResultsPatients were mostly African (74%) and mean age was 40 years (22–60). Clinical presentation were 10 invasive aspergillosis (IA) (53%), 6 pulmonary aspergilloma (31%) and 3 sinus fungal ball (16%). The global mortality was 42%. IA was proven for 3 patients, probable for 4 patients and possible for 3 patients according to IDSA definitions. Risk factors for IA included CD4<200/µL (70%; 40%<50 CD4/µL), corticotherapy (50%), neutropenia (20%), intravenous drug use (20%), cirrhosis (20%). IA arose in the time course of septic shock in 30% and opportunistic infections occurred concomitantly in 40%. Seven patients out of 10 with IA died including 3 patients before antifungal therapy. The 3 survivors recovered without relapse. Four patients were treated with voriconazole, 2 with itraconazole, 2 with liposomal amphotericine, 1 with caspofungine, and 2 with bitherapy. Among patients with aspergilloma (n=6), the major associated risk factor was tuberculosis sequelae (80%). Two patients were successfully treated with surgery and voriconazole, 1 died from massive hemoptysis, 2 were lost to follow‐up, 1 is currently asymptomatic without treatment. Among patients with sinus fungal ball (n=3), all recovered without relapse with surgical treatment associated with voriconazole for one.ConclusionIncidence of aspergillosis in HIV patients remains low but in accordance to previous reports, mortality of IA is high (70%). CD4<200 is the most common risk factor (70%) but 80% of patients who died had other risk factors, mostly corticotherapy. IA is often concomitant with other infectious diseases (40% with other opportunistic infections and 30% in the time course of septic shock), which can potentially delay diagnosis. Prognosis of pulmonary aspergilloma and sinus fungal ball is better.
Prevalence of oral glucocorticoid usage in the United States: A general population perspective
Authors: Overman Robert A. , Yeh Jun‐Yen , Deal Chad L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveThere is little information on oral glucocorticoid use in the general US population. Previously, there have been published estimates of glucocorticoid use in countries outside of the US. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of glucocorticoid use, duration of use, and concomitant use of antiosteoporosis pharmaceuticals in the US population age ≥20 years.MethodsData from 5 cycles (1999–2008) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to provide nationally representative weighted estimates. Oral glucocorticoids and concomitant use of antiosteoporosis pharmaceuticals (bisphosphonates, calcitonin, calcium, hormone replacement therapies, teriparatide, and vitamin D) were analyzed.ResultsThere were 356 NHANES respondents ages ≥20 years who reported use of an oral glucocorticoid in the combined cycles between 1999 and 2008. The weighted prevalence of oral glucocorticoid use was 1.2% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.1–1.4) from 1999–2008, corresponding to 2,513,259 persons in the US. The mean duration of oral glucocorticoid use was 1,605.7 days (95% CI 1,261.2–1,950.1), and 28.8% (95% CI 22.2–35.4) of oral glucocorticoid users reported use for ≥5 years. Concomitant use of a bisphosphonate was reported by 8.6% (95% CI 5.1–11.7) of oral glucocorticoid users, and 37.9% (95% CI 31.7–44.0) reported usage of any antiosteoporosis pharmaceutical.ConclusionBased on NHANES data from 1999–2008, it is estimated that the prevalence of glucocorticoid use in the US is 1.2%, with a long duration of use and infrequent use of antiosteoporotic medications compared to other estimates.
Novel clinical manifestations in Pallister–Killian syndrome: Comprehensive evaluation of 59 affected individuals and review of previously reported cases
Authors: Wilkens Alisha , Liu Hongbin , Park Kristen , Campbell Lindsey B. , Jackson Marie , Kostanecka Anna , Pipan Mary , Izumi Kosuke , Pallister Phillip , Krantz Ian D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPallister–Killian syndrome is a rare, multi‐system developmental diagnosis typically caused by tetrasomy of chromosome 12p that exhibits tissue‐limited mosaicism. The spectrum of clinical manifestations in Pallister–Killian syndrome is wide and includes craniofacial anomalies, clefts, ophthalmologic, audiologic, cardiac, musculoskeletal, diaphragmatic, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and cutaneous anomalies in association with intellectual disability and seizures. Growth parameters are often normal to elevated at birth with deceleration of growth postnatally. No formal estimate of the prevalence of Pallister–Killian syndrome has been made. Here, we report the clinical findings in 59 individuals with Pallister–Killian syndrome who were ascertained at Pallister–Killian syndrome Foundation family meetings held in the summers of 2006, 2008, 2009, and 2010. In addition, the clinical findings of 152 cases reported in the medical literature were reviewed and compared to the cohort examined here. Several novel clinical characteristics were identified through detailed dysmorphology examinations of this cohort and reassertion of a mild developmental variant is described. This report expands the clinical manifestations of Pallister–Killian syndrome and highlights the variable expressivity of this diagnosis with important implications for diagnosis and counseling. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gate‐Induced Modification of Water Adsorption on Dielectrics Probed by EFM and Carbon Nanotube FETs
Authors: Pascal‐Levy Yael , Shifman Evgeny , Pal‐Chowdhury Manish , Hajaj Eitan M. , Shtempluck Oleg , Razin Alexey , Kochetkov Valeri , Yaish Yuval E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHumidity plays an important role in molecular electronics. It facilitates charge movement on top of dielectric layers and modifies the device transfer characteristics. Using two different methods to probe temporal charge redistribution on the surface of dielectrics, we were able to extract the surface humidity for the first time. The first method is based on the relaxation time constants of the current through carbon nanotube field‐effect transistors (CNTFETs), and the second is based on electric force microscopy (EFM) measurements. Moreover, we found that applying external gate biases modifies the surface humidity. A theoretical model based on dielectrophoretic attraction between the water molecules and the substrate is introduced to explain this observation, and the results support our hypothesis. Furthermore, it is found that upon the adsorption of two to three layers of water the surface conductivity saturates.
Lateral manual asymmetries: A longitudinal study from birth to 24 months
Authors: Jacobsohn Lia , Rodrigues Paula , Vasconcelos Olga , Corbetta Daniela , Barreiros Joao 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLongitudinal studies tracking the early development of manual asymmetries are fairly rare compared to the large number of studies assessing hand preference in infancy. Moreover, most prior longitudinal studies have performed behavioral observation over relatively short‐time spans considering the celerity of early development. This study aims (i) to investigate the direction and consistency of manual lateral asymmetries over a longer period, from birth to 24 months of age, and (ii) to compare individual and group trajectories to better understand discrepancies between prior studies. Nineteen healthy infants were observed eight times in tasks that were adjusted progressively as infants manual skills developed. Results suggested two distinct periods in terms of the direction, strength, and consistency of manual preference. First, infants went through an initial phase characterized by a lack of lateral manual asymmetries. From 9 months of age, however, group analyses revealed an emerging and steadily growing right lateral bias over time, while individual trajectories revealed that the group‐level right‐bias formed progressively from a background of highly fluctuating and highly variable developmental trajectories. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 58–72, 2014.
Optical Properties and a Simple and General Route for the Rapid Syntheses of Reduced Graphene Oxide–Metal Sulfide Nanocomposites
Authors: Bai Song , Shen Xiaoping , Zhu Guoxing , Zhou Hu , Xu Huan , Fu Guohua , Ye Zhefei 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA simple and general microwave route is developed for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (RGO)–metal sulfide (ZnS, CdS, Ag2S, and Cu2S) nanocomposites by a one‐pot reaction of metal salts, sulfur powder, and graphene oxide (GO) in ethylene glycol (EG). In the synthesis, the formation of metal sulfide nanoparticles and the reduction of graphene oxide nanosheets happen simultaneously, which results in the in situ formation of metal sulfide nanoparticles on RGO nanosheets with homogeneous distribution. EG acts simultaneously as a solvent, a microwave absorbent, and a reductant. The as‐synthesized products are characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The influence of synthetic parameters such as the concentration of reactants on the size, morphology, and distribution of metal sulfide nanoparticles on RGO nanosheets is also investigated. The optical properties of the as‐synthesized nanocomposites are studied through UV/Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. It is believed that this simple and versatile method presented here can be extended to prepare other graphene‐based metal chalcogenide nanocomposites with various functions.
Electric regulation: New rate authority for merchant transmission helps renewable energy policy
Authors: Bowden Nicholas S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA primary objective of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Order 1000 was the removal of the right of first refusal, a barrier to the entry of merchant transmission developers. Order 1000 also required transmission providers to participate in regional transmission planning processes and for those processes to consider transmission needs driven by public policy established by state or federal legislation or regulation. While the public policy language is general enough in nature to include future policy agenda, the reform is driven by the popularity of renewable portfolio standards.
Using a novel tracing‐tracking framework to source fine‐grained sediment loss to watercourses at sub‐catchment scale
Authors: Collins A.L. , Zhang Y.S. , Duethmann D. , Walling D.E. , Black K.S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAlthough traditional sediment tracing approaches provide valuable information for characterising key generic sediment sources, Catchment Officers working as part of the Catchment Sensitive Farming initiative frequently require more detailed evidence to permit improved targeting of mitigation. Accordingly, a novel framework combining conventional sediment source fingerprinting and a dual signature tracking method has recently been used to improve sediment source information for the River Glaven (~115 km2) priority catchment in eastern England. Conventional geochemical tracing incorporating a number of recent refinements to the mass balance modelling, including the combined use of local and genetic algorithm optimisation, was used to provide information on the average median relative contributions (±95% confidence limits) of generic sediment sources in three sub‐catchments, categorised as grassland (1 ± 1%–12 ± 1%) or arable (25 ± 1%–46 ± 1%) surface soils, damaged road verges (2 ± 1%–50 ± 1%) and channel banks/subsurface sources (20 ± 1%–50 ± 1%) and to provide a framework for the spatial extrapolation of tracking data. Particle tracking using fluorescent‐magnetic grains was used to provide preliminary sub‐catchment scale information on sediment loss from key components of the primary arable topsoil and channel bank generic sources, characterised, respectively, as wheelings (18 ± 1%–33 ± 1%) or inter‐wheelings (7 ± 1%–13 ± 1%) and poached (19 ± 1%–47 ± 1%) or fluvially eroded (1 ± 1%–3 ± 1%) channel margins. The insertion of high‐strength magnets in watercourses ensured that the tracking component of the novel framework links sediment loss from labelled areas to river channels as opposed to providing information to edge‐of‐field only. Uncertainty and prior information on source contributions are explicitly recognised by the framework. This study represents the first in the UK to link wheeling sediment losses to river channels. The findings underpin the importance of compacted areas used for trafficking as sources of, and conduits for, sediment delivery in the lowland agricultural landscape of the UK. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic sequence variants in vitamin D metabolism pathway genes, serum vitamin D level and outcome in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Azad Abul Kalam , Bairati Isabelle , Qiu Xin , Huang Huayi , Cheng Dangxiao , Liu Geoffrey , Meyer Francois , Adjei Araba , Xu Wei 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAlthough some studies have reported associations between serum vitamin D level and prognosis in several cancers, others have found associations between genetic sequence variants (GSVs) in the vitamin D metabolism pathway genes and outcomes in various cancers including head and neck cancer (HNC). We comprehensively evaluated the association and interaction of GSVs in vitamin D metabolism pathway genes and their regulatory effects on circulatory serum vitamin D level in HNC outcome. We systemically evaluated the association of 89 tagging and candidate‐based GSVs in six major vitamin D metabolism pathway genes (VDR, GC, CYP24A1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1 and CYP2R1) and the circulating serum vitamin D level with overall survival (OS) and second primary cancer (SPC) in 522 Stages I–II radiation‐treated patients with HNC. For OS: median follow‐up time was 8 years; for SPC, 4.4 years. The most common subsite was the larynx (84%). Three hundred and twelve patients were alive at the end of follow‐up for OS. SPCs were diagnosed in 108 patients and were primarily of lung (46%). Serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients carrying the minor alleles of GC:rs4588 and CYP2R1:rs10500804. CYP24A1:rs2296241 was significantly associated with OS and CYP2R1:rs1993116 was with SPC. These two GSVs remained significantly associated after adjusting for serum vitamin D level and important clinical factors. GSVs in the vitamin D metabolism pathway genes were associated with disease outcomes in HNC patients; however, these GSVs are different from those affecting serum vitamin D levels.
Influence of Bracken Fern (Pteridium caudatum L. Maxon) Pre‐treatment on Extraction Yield of Illudane Glycosides and Pterosins
Authors: Cáceres‐Peña Yamile C. , Naya Marlene , Calcagno‐Pissarelli María Pía , Alonso‐Amelot Miguel E. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionBracken (Pteridium spp) illudane glycosidess are labile biologically active terpenoids that undergo decomposition in mild alkali or acid, heat and enzymatic reactions. Hypothetically, quantitation of these weakly chromophoric carcinogens may be challenged by plant sample preparation procedures that may alter the yield of isolates.ObjectiveTo study the influence of common plant sample pre‐treatments on the recovery of Pteridium caudatum illudane glycoside carcinogens, ptaquiloside (1a), caudatoside (1c) and ptaquiloside Z (1d), and associated pterosins A, B and Z (2a, b, c) using HPLC–DAD.MethodBracken fronds were divided in equal left/right sections. One section was subjected to high vacuum desiccation (VD) and the other to freeze‐drying (FD), air drying at room temperature (AD) for 7 days, air drying at 70 °C for 72 h (HD), or no treatment (fresh frond, FF). Quantitation was achieved by brief hot‐water extraction, base‐acid transformation of 1a, 1c and 1d to 2a, b, c and HPLC–DAD analysis against standards.ResultsSubstantial differences in extraction yields were found for all illudane glycosides in the order FF > FD ≈ VD > AD > HD. Illudane instability to HD was 1c > 1d > 1a. Significant losses also were recorded in yields of Pterosins A, B and Z.ConclusionGlycoside extraction suffers from substantial yield loss of all illudane glycosides and indigenous pterosins in all sample pre‐treatments studied relative to fresh frond material. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theorising the Spaces of Student Migration
Authors: Raghuram Parvati 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTStudent migration is a key component of knowledge migration. However, as knowledge becomes a central part of migrant selectivity, labour and family migrants too are involved in knowledge acquisition, both prior to and after migration. At the same time, student migrants are involved in work and family, just like other migrants. What then is distinctive about student migrants? This paper attempts to address this challenge. It begins by reviewing how migration theories have analysed student mobility. It then suggests that migration theorists need to extend existing analyses, which have primarily focused on the spatialities of migration, to take account of the spatialities of knowledge. It is argued that knowledge institutions need to reach out to people in different parts of the world and to produce in prospective students a desire to circulate. This is necessary if the institutions are to obtain a global presence and to maintain their legitimacy as knowledge brokers. An analysis of student migration where the inducements that the Higher Education Institutions offer to prospective students and the subjective responses of such students to these invitations will throw light on how the spatiality of knowledge is achieved and also highlight the distinctiveness of student migration in a knowledgeable migrant world. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal‐to‐Crystal Transformations in a Seven‐Coordinated Scandium Complex
Authors: Merkens Carina , Pecher Oliver , Steuber Friedrich , Eisenhut Sascha , Görne Arno , Haarmann Frank , Englert Ulli 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAquatris(3‐cyanopentane‐2, 4‐dionato)scandium(III) undergoes two transformations which can be monitored by X‐ray diffraction as well as solid‐state NMR spectroscopy: At 145 K, the mononuclear complex shows a reversible phase transition; in agreement with the symmetry principle, this transition of the t2 type proceeds from the monoclinic room temperature phase to triclinic twins at low temperature, the twin law corresponding to a twofold rotation. Under vacuum at room temperature, the aqua ligand of the complex is irreversibly eliminated and the structure rearranges, forming a 1D chain polymer. In both phases of the mononuclear complex as well as in the polymer, the coordination polyhedra around the ScIII atom represent distorted capped trigonal prisms. Solid‐state 45Sc NMR spectroscopic investigations on powder samples reveal a reversible phase transition of the monoclinic complex at low temperatures. Changes of the NMR signal line shapes for the room and low temperature complex as well as the 1D chain polymer are a fingerprint for different scandium bonding situations.
Dehydration of Magnesium Bromide Hexahydrate Studied by in situ X‐ray Powder Diffraction
Authors: Dinnebier Robert E. , Runčevski Tomče , Sugimoto Kunihisa 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLaboratory X‐ray powder diffraction data were used to investigate the dehydration process of magnesium bromide hexahydrate in the temperature range 300 K ≤ T ≤ 420 K. By heating of the as synthesized hexahydrate (MgBr2·6H2O, observed in the temperature range 300 K ≤ T ≤ 349 K), three lower hydrates can be obtained in overlapped temperature regions: MgBr2·4H2O (332 K ≤ T ≤ 367 K), MgBr2·2H2O (361 K ≤ T ≤ 380 K) and MgBr2·H2O (375 K ≤ T ≤ 390 K). Although the crystal structure of the hexahydrate was published almost eighty years ago, there are no data on the structures of the lower hydrates. The crystal structures are reported and are found to be isotypical with the structures of the respective chlorides. The structure of MgBr2·6H2O is characterized by discrete Mg(H2O)6 octahedra and is the only hydrate of this group that contains unbonded Br– anions. MgBr2·4H2O is composed of discrete MgBr2(H2O)4 octahedra, and the structure was found to be disordered. The crystal structure of MgBr2·2H2O is formed by single chains of edge‐sharing MgBr4(H2O)2 octahedra, while in the case of MgBr2·H2O double chains of edge‐shared MgBr5H2O are formed. By increasing the temperature, as expected, positive thermal expansion was evidenced. Thermal expansion coefficients, based on the changes of the unit cell parameters, were derived for the following hydrates: MgBr2·6H2O, MgBr2·4H2O, and MgBr2·2H2O.
Benefits of Exercise During Pregnancy
Authors: Prather Heidi , Spitznagle Tracy , Hunt Devyani 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThere is a direct link between healthy mothers and healthy infants. Exercise and appropriate nutrition are important contributors to maternal physical and psychological health. The benefits and potential risks of exercise during pregnancy have gained even more attention, with a number of studies having been published after the 2002 American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists guidelines. A review of the literature was conducted by using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase to assess the literature regarding the benefits of exercise during pregnancy. The search revealed 219 publications, which the authors then narrowed to 125 publications. The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the known benefits of exercise to the mother, fetus, and newborn.