bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The accuracy of surrogate decision makers: informed consent in hypothetical acute stroke scenarios
Authors: Bryant Jessica , Skolarus Lesli E , Smith Barbara , Adelman Eric E , Meurer William J 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Over one third of stroke patients have cognitive or language deficits such that they require surrogate consent for acute stroke treatment or enrollment into acute stroke trials. Little is known about the agreement of stroke patients and surrogates in this time-sensitive decision-making process. We sought to determine patient and surrogate agreement in 4 hypothetical acute stroke scenarios.

Methods
We performed face to face interviews with ED patients at an academic teaching hospital from June to August 2011. Patients and the surrogates they designated were asked to make decisions regarding 4 hypothetical stroke scenarios: 2 were treatment decisions; 2 involved enrollment into a clinical trial. Percent agreement was calculated as measures of surrogate predictive ability.

Results
A total of 200 patient/surrogate pairs were interviewed. Overall patient/surrogate percent agreement was 76.5%. Agreement for clinical scenarios ranged from 87% to 96% but dropped to 49%-74% for research scenarios.

Conclusions
Surrogates accurately predict patient preferences for standard acute stroke treatments. However, the accuracy decreases when predicting research participation suggesting that the degree of surrogate agreement is dependent on the type of decision being made. Further research is needed to more thoroughly characterize surrogate decision-making in acute stroke situations.
Validation of doubled haploid plants by enzymatic mismatch cleavage
Authors: Hofinger Bernhard J , Huynh Owen A , Jankowicz-Cieslak Joanna , Müller Andrea , Otto Ingrid , Kumlehn Jochen , Till Bradley J 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Doubled haploidy is a fundamental tool in plant breeding as it provides the fastest way to generate populations of meiotic recombinants in a genetically fixed state. A wide range of methods has been developed to produce doubled haploid (DH) plants and recent advances promise efficient DH production in otherwise recalcitrant species. Since the cellular origin of the plants produced is not always certain, rapid screening techniques are needed to validate that the produced individuals are indeed homozygous and genetically distinct from each other. Ideal methods are easily implemented across species and in crops where whole genome sequence and marker resources are limited.

Results
We have adapted enzymatic mismatch cleavage techniques commonly used for TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) for the evaluation of heterozygosity in parental, F1 and putative DH plants. We used barley as a model crop and tested 26 amplicons previously developed for TILLING. Experiments were performed using self-extracted single-strand-specific nuclease and standard native agarose gels. Eleven of the twenty-six tested primers allowed unambiguous assignment of heterozygosity in material from F1 crosses and loss of heterozygosity in the DH plants. Through parallel testing of previously developed Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers, we show that 3/32 SSR markers were suitable for screening. This suggests that enzymatic mismatch cleavage approaches can be more efficient than SSR based screening, even in species with well-developed markers.

Conclusions
Enzymatic mismatch cleavage has been applied for mutation discovery in many plant species, including those with little or no available genomic DNA sequence information. Here, we show that the same methods provide an efficient system to screen for the production of DH material without the need of specialized equipment. This gene target based approach further allows discovery of novel nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes in the parental lines.
Fabrication and Properties of Microcapacitors with a One-nanometer-thick Single Ti0.87O2 Nanosheet
Authors: Ogawa Daisuke , Akatsuka Kosho , Fukumura Tomoteru , Osada Minoru , Sasaki Takayoshi , Hasegawa Tetsuya 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The dielectric and insulating properties of a single Ti0.87O2 nanosheet were investigated by fabricating an Au/single Ti0.87O2 nanosheet/Au planar microcapacitor structure. Capacitance and electric measurements of the nanosheet microcapacitor showed reproducibly good performance as a gate insulator: almost frequency-independent capacitance up to 1 MHz and extremely high electric field endurance of ≥ 20 MV cm−1.
Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Based on 1,3-Dithiol-2-ylidene Derivatives: Substituent and π-Spacer Effects on the Efficiency
Authors: Wada Atsushi , Nishida Jun-ichi , M. Maitani Masato , Wada Yuji , Yamashita Yoshiro 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Four novel 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene dyes BDY-1, BDY-2, BDY-3, and BDY-4 were developed for dye-sensitized solar cells. Among these dyes, BDY-4 containing a 9,9-dibutyl-9H-fluorene spacer and a phenyl group at the vinyl position showed the highest efficiency (3.26%), indicating the importance of the phenyl substituent and the fluorene unit in improving the efficiency.
False Privacy and Information Games
Authors: O’Callaghan Patrick 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper is a critique of false privacy, the proposition that privacy’s protective remit should extend to information that is entirely false. It argues that there are conceptual as well as doctrinal problems associated with such an action in tort law. First, drawing on the work of the American sociologist, Erving Goffman, the paper challenges the idea that the authentic self can be recognised in law. Second, the paper argues that false privacy sits uneasily with tort law’s doctrinal framework. While the paper focuses on English tort law, it pursues its lines of argument in a comparative context, exploring how German and US law give expression to false privacy.
Chemical composition of the leaves of Reynoutria japonica Houtt. and soil features in polluted areas
Authors: Rahmonov Oimahmad , Czylok Andrzej , Orczewska Anna , Majgier Leszek , Parusel Tomasz 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The study was conducted on six sites that are dominated by Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) and that vary in the level of industrialization and habitat transformation by humans. The aim of the research was to investigate the chemical-physical features of soil under a closed and dense canopy of R. japonica, the chemical composition of the R. japonica leaves, and to compare the content of certain elements in the soil-plant-soil system. The soil organic carbon (Corg) content varied from 1.38±0.004% to 8.2±0.047% and the maximum in leaves was 49.11±0.090%. The lowest levels of total nitrogen (Ntot) in soil were recorded on the heavily disturbed sites (till 0.227±0.021%). Soil pH varied greatly, ranging from acidic (pH=4.0) to neutral (pH=7.7). Heavy metal content differed significantly among the study sites. At all of the sites, both in the case of soil and plant leaves, Zn was a dominant element and its concentration ranged from 41.5 to 501.2 mg·kg−1 in soils and from 38.6 to 541.7 mg·kg−1 in leaves. Maximum accumulations of P (2103.3±15.3 mg·kg−1) and S (2571.7±17.6 mg·kg−1) were observed on the site that had been influenced by agricultural practices. The results obtained showed that R. japonica is able to accumulate high levels of heavy metals.
Bilberries exert an anti-atherosclerotic effect in lipid-loaded macrophages
Authors: Niculescu Loredan , Sanda Gabriela , Simionescu Natalia , Sima Anca 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
We hypothesized that the mechanism responsible for the anti-atherosclerotic action of bilberry extract (BE) is linked to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, and investigated its direct effect on the regulation of apolipoprotein E (apoE) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) secretion from lipid-loaded macrophages. Human THP-1 macrophages were loaded with lipids by incubation with human copper-oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and then exposed to different concentrations of BE (1–5 µg mL−1) obtained from bilberries (mechanically homogenized and solubilized in ethanol). Cellular and secreted proteins, the phosphorylation level of NF-κB and protein kinase A (PKA) were quantified by Western blot and gene expression was evaluated by Real-time PCR. The results showed that BE induced in lipid-loaded macrophages has: (i) an antioxidant effect by reducing the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, p22phox, p47phox and NOX4, (ii) an anti-inflammatory effect by diminishing the secretion of CRP, MCP-1 and IL-1β and (iii) cholesterol efflux by increasing the secretion of apoE and CETP and by reducing cellular cholesterol content. BE exerted these effects by inhibition of NF-κB and activation of PKA signaling pathways. Our study supports BE therapeutic administration to decrease oxidative and inflammatory stress by a molecular mechanism regulated by NF-κB and PKA signaling pathways in lipid-loaded macrophages.
Collaborative construction of a project as a methodology for acquiring digital competences
Authors: Pérez-Mateo-Subirà María , Romero-Carbonell Marc , Romeu-Fontanillas Teresa 
Published: November 2013

As a result of the emergence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) we are currently experiencing a period of major changes. Higher education plays a key role in helping students to acquire the competences which enable them to be autonomous in both academic and professional environments, where ICT literacy and collaborative processes are considered crucial. This study analyzes students’ perceptions about how the collaborative construction of an online project facilitates the acquisition of digital competences. It examines the methodological approach, within the context of the Open University of Catalonia, of the subject: «ICT Competences». This subject is conducted fully online at the UOC, and learners are required to engage in a collaborative project organized in 4 phases: starting, structuring, developing and concluding. Based on an evaluation research approach, quantitative and qualitative data from a survey have been triangulated. The results support the pedagogical methodology which forms the basis of this subject and indicates that collaborative projects facilitate the acquisition of digital competences, highlighting those linked to digital teamwork and digital attitude. The conclusions reinforce the importance of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) processes, the need to put forward pedagogical proposals for the acquisition of both digital and collaborative competences and the relevant role of the teacher in this process.
Actualmente presenciamos una etapa de importantes cambios como consecuencia de la emergencia de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC). La educación superior ejerce un papel clave para ayudar a los estudiantes a adquirir las competencias que les permitan desenvolverse en los entornos académico y profesional. Entre éstas, las vinculadas a las TIC y los procesos de colaboración se consideran claves. La finalidad del presente estudio es analizar la percepción de los estudiantes a fin de evidenciar cómo la construcción colaborativa de un proyecto digital facilita la adquisición de las competencias digitales. Para ello, se aborda el planteamiento metodológico de la asignatura «Competencias TIC» de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, la cual se desarrolla a través de un proyecto colaborativo en red organizado en cuatro fases: inicio, estructuración, desarrollo y conclusión y cierre. Mediante una investigación evaluativa se triangulan datos de naturaleza cuantitativa y cualitativa provenientes de un cuestionario. Los resultados muestran la evolución en la propuesta metodológica de la asignatura a la vez que ponen de manifiesto cómo el proyecto digital en equipo facilita la adquisición de las competencias digitales, destacando concretamente las vinculadas al trabajo en equipo en red y la actitud digital. Las conclusiones refuerzan la importancia de los procesos CSCL, la necesidad de trabajar propuestas pedagógicas para la adquisición de competencias digitales.
Exploring student and teacher perception of E-textbooks in a Primary School
Authors: Minelli-de-Oliveira Janaina , Camacho-i-Martí Mar , Gisbert-Cervera Mercè 
Published: November 2013

The potential of technology in digital society offers multiple possibilities for learning. E-books constitute one of the technologies to which great attention has to be paid. This article presents a case study on the perceptions held by a teacher and his students on the use of e-textbooks in a Primary education classroom. It examines students’ meaning-making practices and the perceptions that teachers and students have towards their engagement in learning activities in this context. In the analysis of the data generated, the classroom is considered a multimodal learning space, where virtual, physical and cognitive environments overlap, allowing students to negotiate meaning across multiple contexts and reflect upon it. Results show that e-textbook users’ perceptions greatly depend on the institutional culture in which they are embedded. While the adoption of e-textbooks does not necessarily mean a transition from traditional textbooks to e-textbooks, students and teachers may develop a more demanding range of criteria which must be met by e-textbook providers. By doing this, e-books become a real alternative to free internet resources. Although e-textbooks favor a communicatively active style of learning, there are still real challenges to be overcome by publishers so that e-textbooks do not become the next forgotten fad.
El potencial que posee la tecnología en el marco de una sociedad digitalizada supone también múltiples oportunidades para el aprendizaje. Los libros electrónicos constituyen una de esas tecnologías a las que hay que prestar especial atención. En este artículo se presenta un estudio de caso sobre la percepción de un profesor y sus estudiantes sobre el uso de un libro de texto electrónico en un aula de Educación Primaria. Se examinan prácticas de construcción de significado y actitudes mientras se realizan actividades con un libro de texto electrónico. El aula se considera como un espacio de aprendizaje multimodal en el que se solapan entornos como el virtual, el físico y el cognitivo. Los estudiantes negocian significados en múltiples contextos, reflexionando durante el proceso. Los resultados demuestran que la percepción de los usuarios de los libros de texto electrónicos depende de la cultura institucional en la que están inmersos. Cuando su adopción no significa una transición de los libros de texto tradicionales a los libros de texto electrónicos, existe una gama más exigente de criterios a fin de que puedan convertirse en una alternativa real a los recursos disponibles en Internet. Pese a que los libros de texto electrónicos favorecen un estilo activo y comunicativo de aprendizaje, aún existen desafíos reales que las editoriales deben superar para que el libro de texto electrónico no se convierta en una moda pasajera.
Reproducibility of the quantification of arterial and tissue contributions in multiple postlabeling delay arterial spin labeling
Authors: Sousa Inês , Vilela Pedro , Figueiredo Patrícia 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the reproducibility of estimation of cerebral blood flow (CBF), bolus arrival time (BAT), and arterial blood volume (aBV) from arterial spin labeling (ASL) data acquired at multiple postlabeling delays (PLDs).Materials and MethodsCBF, BAT, and aBV parameters were estimated from flow‐suppressed and nonflow‐suppressed multiple‐PDL PICORE‐Q2TIPS ASL using model‐based Bayesian and least‐squares fitting frameworks, and aBV was also obtained from a model‐free approach. Reproducibility of these parameters was assessed by computing the within‐ and between‐subject coefficients of variability (CVw and CVb).ResultsCVw and CVb were comparable across model‐based approaches, but were greater for the aBV from the model‐free approach. Overall, the Bayesian model estimation procedure was found to provide the best compromise between reliability and reproducibility, yielding CVw/CVb values of 21/21, 3/4, and 24/26% for CBF, BAT, and aBV, respectively. Although a CBF range of 45 mL/100g/min to 59 mL/100g/min was found on average and a BAT of 0.7–1.0 seconds across methods, the corresponding maps were comparable in terms of the parameters' spatial distributions, and in particular in the identification of macrovascular locations, as assessed through comparison with time‐of‐flight images.ConclusionReproducible estimates of CBF, BAT, and aBV values can be obtained from non‐macroflow‐suppressed ASL using both least‐squares and Bayesian model‐based methods. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1453–1462. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Theoretical Study, Thermal ­Behavior, and Luminescence Property of A Bromide‐Bridged Silver(I) Complex with 4, 4′‐Bipyridine
Authors: Chen Aihua , Meng Suci , Zhang Jinfang , Zhang Chi 
Published: November 2013

Abstract The dinuclear silver(I) complex [{(PPh3)Ag(μ2‐Br)}2(μ2‐bpy)]n (1) (PPh3 = triphenylphosphine, bpy = 4, 4′‐bipyridine) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, MS, infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray single crystal analysis, thermogravimetric and fluorescent analysis. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic system with space group P$\bar{1}$ [a = 9.2012(18) Å, b = 9.6907(19) Å, c = 13.134(3) Å, α = 104.77(3)°, β = 109.41(3)°, γ = 92.57(3)°, V = 1057.2(4) Å3, Z = 2]. The central unit of complex 1 consists of a [Ag2Br2] core and the Ag···Ag distance in the [Ag2Br2] core is 3.102(2) Å, supporting the Ag···Ag interaction. Complex 1 exhibits an interesting one‐dimensional zigzag chain structure. Density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/ LanL2DZ*+6‐31G* level were performed on 1 to rationalize its experimental absorption spectra. Fluorescent analysis reveals that complex 1 exhibits intense luminescence in ethanol solution at room temperature.
Évaluation des bienfaits de l’acupuncture dans la prise en charge des sujets dépendants aux substances à l’aide des Échelles Visuelles Analogiques
Authors: Desbois B. , Lacoste J. , Jan M. , Jehel L. , Lamy S. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectifsL’acupuncture est de plus en plus utilisée en addictologie [1,2]. Au CHU de Martinique, les patients présentant des addictions aux substances en bénéficient depuis une quinzaine d’années. Notre étude permet d’évaluer les bienfaits subjectifs de l’acupuncture chez ces patients en utilisant les Échelles Visuelles Analogiques avant et après les séances.MéthodesCes évaluations ont été proposées à l’ensemble des patients venus faire des séances d’acupuncture durant le mois de juillet 2012. Les patients ont côté sur une échelle entre 0 et 10 leurs fatigue, bien-être, stress/anxiété, détente, douleur physique avant et après les séances.RésultatsCent six fiches anonymes avant/après ont été analysées. Trente-cinq patients déclarent être abstinents, 53 déclarent être consommateurs réguliers d’une ou plusieurs substances (42 % alcool, 58 % tabac, 20 % crack, 38 % cannabis) et 18 sont données manquantes. L’ensemble des patients ont rapporté une diminution de leurs anxiété/stress (p = 0,0001), sensation de fatigue (p = 0,001) et douleur physique (p = 0,0001). Ils signalent également une amélioration de leur détente (p = 0,001) et de leur bien-être (p = 0,001).
ConclusionDans notre population, les séances d’acupuncture semblent améliorer les ressentis des patients dans plusieurs domaines. Il sera intéressant de poursuivre cette étude en étudiant non seulement les biais liés à la relaxation et aux croyances magico-religieuses mais aussi en étudiant différents paramètres objectifs comme la diminution de la consommation et le cardio feedback.
Comment évaluer la cognition sociale ? Comme un tout ou par morceaux ?
Authors: Brunet-Gouet E. , Oker A. , Urbach M. , Bazin N. , Passerieux C. 
Published: November 2013

La pratique psychiatrique est amenée à intégrer de plus en plus de moyens spécialisés d’évaluation des capacités cognitives des patients schizophrènes. Évaluer ces facultés revêt un intérêt tout particulier du fait de leurs corrélations significatives, même partielles, avec le pronostic fonctionnel, autrement dit le handicap. De plus, les mesures des capacités cognitives sont directement en lien avec les moyens de remédiation cognitive dont l’intérêt thérapeutique est établi. En tant que domaine particulier du traitement de l’information, un nombre croissant de travaux a mis en lumière les spécificités neurofonctionnelles des processus permettant de comprendre les états mentaux et affectifs d’autrui. Sous les intitulés de reconnaissance émotionnelle, perception sociale, représentations partagées, prise de perspective, théorie de l’esprit, ou empathie sont identifiés des processus et des représentations dont la faillite impacte les capacités relationnelles des patients. Au stade actuel des connaissances, il n’existe pas de consensus sur les moyens de mesure pertinents et leur éventuelle hiérarchisation à des fins cliniques. Des propositions de batterie sont en cours d’évaluation et de déploiement. Pour aller plus avant, à l’encontre du réductionnisme scientifique prédominant, nous développons ici l’idée qu’aux côtés des évaluations fondées sur des mesures de construits cognitifs sociaux distincts et validés par les neurosciences sociales, de nouvelles méthodes sont à concevoir pour tester les capacités d’interaction sociale. Une approche « naturalistique » fondée sur la multi-modalité, la contextualisation et la mise en situation est rendue possible avec le développement des techniques de réalité virtuelle. Celles-ci constituent une voie prometteuse pour concilier deux besoins scientifiques apparemment contradictoires : d’une part, le besoin de complexifier les stimuli sociaux en les rendant réalistes, interactifs, partiellement prévisibles, et immersifs, et d’autre part, le besoin d’assurer la réplicabilité et la standardisation des mesures. Notre propos s’appuiera sur les résultats à mi-parcours du projet ANR COMPARSE.