bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximum walking speeds obtained using treadmill and overground robot system in persons with post-stroke hemiplegia
Authors: Capó-Lugo Carmen E , Mullens Christopher H , Brown David A 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Previous studies demonstrated that stroke survivors have a limited capacity to increase their walking speeds beyond their self-selected maximum walking speed (SMWS). The purpose of this study was to determine the capacity of stroke survivors to reach faster speeds than their SMWS while walking on a treadmill belt or while being pushed by a robotic system (i.e. “push mode”).

Methods
Eighteen chronic stroke survivors with hemiplegia were involved in the study. We calculated their self-selected comfortable walking speed (SCWS) and SMWS overground using a 5-meter walk test (5-MWT). Then, they were exposed to walking at increased speeds, on a treadmill and while in “push mode” in an overground robotic device, the KineAssist, until they were tested at a speed that they could not sustain without losing balance. We recorded the time and number of steps during each trial and calculated gait speed, average cadence and average step length.

Results
Maximum walking speed in the “push mode” was 13% higher than the maximum walking speed on the treadmill and both were higher (“push mode”: 61%; treadmill: 40%) than the maximum walking speed overground. Subjects achieved these faster speeds by initially increasing both step length and cadence and, once individuals stopped increasing their step length, by only increasing cadence.

Conclusions
With post-stroke hemiplegia, individuals are able to walk at faster speeds than their SMWS overground, when provided with a safe environment that provides external forces that requires them to attempt dynamic stability maintenance at higher gait speeds. Therefore, this study suggests the possibility that, given the appropriate conditions, people post-stroke can be trained at higher speeds than previously attempted.
Defining the genomic signature of the parous breast
Authors: Peri Suraj , de Cicco Ricardo López , Santucci-Pereira Julia , Slifker Michael , Ross Eric A , Russo Irma H , Russo Patricia A , Arslan Alan A , Belitskaya-Lévy Ilana , Zeleniuch-Jacquotte Anne , Bordas Pal , Lenner Per , Åhman Janet , Afanasyeva Yelena , Johansson Robert , Sheriff Fathima , Hallmans Göran , Toniolo Paolo , Russo Jose 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
It is accepted that a woman's lifetime risk of developing breast cancer after menopause is reduced by early full term pregnancy and multiparity. This phenomenon is thought to be associated with the development and differentiation of the breast during pregnancy.

Methods
In order to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of pregnancy induced breast cancer protection, we profiled and compared the transcriptomes of normal breast tissue biopsies from 71 parous (P) and 42 nulliparous (NP) healthy postmenopausal women using Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. To validate the results, we performed real time PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Results
We identified 305 differentially expressed probesets (208 distinct genes). Of these, 267 probesets were up- and 38 down-regulated in parous breast samples; bioinformatics analysis using gene ontology enrichment revealed that up-regulated genes in the parous breast represented biological processes involving differentiation and development, anchoring of epithelial cells to the basement membrane, hemidesmosome and cell-substrate junction assembly, mRNA and RNA metabolic processes and RNA splicing machinery. The down-regulated genes represented biological processes that comprised cell proliferation, regulation of IGF-like growth factor receptor signaling, somatic stem cell maintenance, muscle cell differentiation and apoptosis.

Conclusions
This study suggests that the differentiation of the breast imprints a genomic signature that is centered in the mRNA processing reactome. These findings indicate that pregnancy may induce a safeguard mechanism at post-transcriptional level that maintains the fidelity of the transcriptional process.
Service quality and clinical outcomes: an example from mental health rehabilitation services in England
Authors: Killaspy Helen , Marston Louise , Omar Rumana Z. , Green Nicholas , Harrison Isobel , Lean Melanie , Holloway Frank , Craig Tom , Leavey Gerard , King Michael 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundCurrent health policy assumes better quality services lead to better outcomes.AimsTo investigate the relationship between quality of mental health rehabilitation services in England, local deprivation, service user characteristics and clinical outcomes.MethodStandardised tools were used to assess the quality of mental health rehabilitation units and service users' autonomy, quality of life, experiences of care and ratings of the therapeutic milieu. Multiple level modelling investigated relationships between service quality, service user characteristics and outcomes.ResultsA total of 52/60 (87%) National Health Service trusts participated, comprising 133 units and 739 service users. All aspects of service quality were positively associated with service users' autonomy, experiences of care and therapeutic milieu, but there was no association with quality of life.ConclusionsQuality of care is linked to better clinical outcomes in people with complex and longer-term mental health problems. Thus, investing in quality is likely to show real clinical gains.
The Chinese soft-shelled turtle,Pelodiscus sinensis, excretes urea mainly through the mouth instead of the kidney
Authors: Ip Yuen K. , Loong Ai M. , Lee Serene M. L. , Ong Jasmine L. Y. , Wong Wai P. , Chew Shit F. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYThe Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis, is well adapted to aquatic environments, including brackish swamps and marshes. It is ureotelic, and occasionally submerges its head into puddles of water during emersion, presumably for buccopharyngeal respiration. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the buccophyaryngeal cavity constitutes an important excretory route for urea in P. sinensis. Results indicate that a major portion of urea was excreted through the mouth instead of the kidney during immersion. When restrained on land, P. sinensis occasionally submerged their head into water (20–100 min), during which urea excretion and oxygen extraction occurred simultaneously. These results indicate for the first time that buccopharyngeal villiform processes (BVP) and rhythmic pharyngeal movements were involved in urea excretion in P. sinensis. Urea excretion through the mouth was sensitive to phloretin inhibition, indicating the involvement of urea transporters (UTs). In addition, saliva samples collected from the buccopharyngeal surfaces of P. sinensis injected intraperitoneally with saline contained ~36 mmol N l−1 urea, significantly higher than that (~2.4 mmol N l−1) in the plasma. After intraperitoneal injection with 20 μmol urea g−1 turtle, the concentration of urea in the saliva collected from the BVP increased to an extraordinarily high level of ~614 μmol N ml−1, but the urea concentration (~45 μmol N ml−1) in the plasma was much lower, indicating that the buccopharyngeal epithelium of P. sinensis was capable of active urea transport. Subsequently, we obtained from the buccopharyngeal epithelium of P. sinensis the full cDNA sequence of a putative UT, whose deduced amino acid sequence had ~70% similarity with human and mouse UT-A2. This UT was not expressed in the kidney, corroborating the proposition that the kidney had only a minor role in urea excretion in P. sinensis. As UT-A2 is known to be a facilitative urea transporter, it is logical to deduce that it was localized in the basolateral membrane of the buccopharyngeal epithelium, and that another type of primary or secondary active urea transporter yet to be identified was present in the apical membrane. The ability to excrete urea through the mouth instead of the kidney might have facilitated the ability of P. sinensis and other soft-shelled turtles to successfully invade the brackish and/or marine environment.
Synchrotron-based tomographic microscopy (SbTM) of wood: development of a testing device and observation of plastic deformation of uniaxially compressed Norway spruce samples
Authors: Zauner Michaela , Keunecke Daniel , Mokso Rajmund , Stampanoni Marco , Niemz Peter 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
To understand better the structure-property relationships of wood in situ, nondestructive synchrotron-based tomographic microscopy (SbTM) with subcellular resolution is useful. In this context, an in situ testing device was developed to determine the cellular response of wood to mechanical loading. Different rotationally symmetric specimens were tested to synchronize the failure areas to the given scanning areas. Norway spruce samples were uniaxially compressed in the longitudinal direction and scanned in situ at several increasing relative forces ending up in the plastic deformation regime. A sufficiently high quality in situ tomography was demonstrated. The reconstructed data allowed the observation of the load-dependent development of failure regions: cracks and buckling on the microstructure were clearly visible. Future investigations with SbTM on different wood species, loading directions, and different moisture contents are promising in terms of the micromechanical behavior of wood.
Triplet repeats in transcripts: structural insights into RNA toxicity
Authors: Galka-Marciniak Paulina , Urbanek Martyna O. , Krzyzosiak Wlodzimierz J. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Tandem repeats of various trinucleotide motifs are frequent entities in transcripts, and RNA structures formed by these sequences depend on the motif type and number of reiterations. The functions performed by normal triplet repeats in transcripts are poorly understood, but abnormally expanded repeats of certain types trigger pathogenesis in several human genetic disorders known as the triplet repeat expansion diseases (TREDs). The diseases caused by expanded non-coding CUG and CGG repeats in transcripts include myotonic dystrophy type 1 and fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome. Another group of disorders in which transcripts containing translated CAG repeats play an auxiliary role in pathogenesis include Huntington’s disease and several spinocerebellar ataxias. In this review, we gathered existing knowledge regarding the structural features of triplet repeats in transcripts and discussed this in the context of various pathogenic mechanisms assigned to toxic RNA repeats. These mechanisms include aberrant alternative splicing, the inhibition of nuclear transport and export, induction of the innate immune response, alteration of a microRNA biogenesis pathway and abnormal activation of an RNA interference pathway. We also provide ideas for future investigations to reveal further mechanisms of pathogenesis directly triggered by mutant RNA repeats in TREDs.
A Case of Cervico‐brachial Disorder due to Tactile Interpretation for Deaf‐blind Persons
Authors: Kitahara Teruyo , Nakamura Kenji , Taoda Kazushi , Shigeta Hiromasa , Hirata Mamoru 
Published: October 2012

A Case of Cervico‐brachial Disorder due to Tactile Interpretation for Deaf‐blind Persons: Teruyo KITAHARA, et al. Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Social Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science—ObjectivesWe herein report a case of cervico‐brachial disorder (CBD) due to long‐term tactile interpreting.MethodsThe patient was interviewed to investigate her past history, occupational history, work conditions and clinical course in detail. The case was diagnosed in accordance with the “Diagnostic Criteria for CBD 2007” established by the Research Association for CBD of the Japanese Society for Occupational Health.ResultsThe patient was a 49‐year‐old female who has worked as a regular occupational instructor at a welfare work activity center for deaf people since April 22, 2010. Her primary job is to instruct and aid others in learning confectionery manufacturing and coffee shop tasks. She also performs tactile interpreting for two deaf‐blind workers during a morning health check and during any meetings. On September 3, 2010, she interpreted by tactile signing for about three hours alone during a meeting, due to the absence of other interpreters. She developed severe pain in her back immediately after carrying out this interpretation, and the pain thereafter continued and developed in the upper extremities. She was diagnosed with a severe and prolonged case of the non‐specific type of CBD.DiscussionInterpretation by tactile signing may impose a heavier burden on the upper extremities, shoulders and neck than that imposed by common sign language. A shorter time of interpretation, ensuring the availability of rest time and supporting tools or methods for the upper extremities, are therefore considered to be necessary to prevent the incidence of CBD among interpreters using tactile signing.
Ink-jet Printed BaTiO3 for Photonics
Authors: Lommens Petra , Bruggeman Tom , Pollefeyt Glenn , Arin Melis , Feys Jonas , Van Driessche Isabel 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTA water-based BaTiO3 precursor solution, suited for ink-jet printing of hetero-epitaxial BaTiO3 layers on LaAlO3 single-crystal substrates was developed. First, a study on the simultaneous stabilization of Ba2+ and Ti4+ions in a neutral, aqueous environment was performed. Thermal analysis of the precursor was used to select appropriate temperature programs and the rheology of the solutions is studied to optimize dipcoating and later ink-jet printing parameters. On both substrates, it was possible to obtain epitaxial layers of about 200 nm thickness after sintering at temperatures above 1000 °C. Currently, we are adapting the thermal program and heating atmosphere in order to reduce the sintering temperatures, decrease the surface roughness and increase density.
Annealing Effects on Ta Doped SnO2 Films
Authors: Jia Junjun , Muto Yu , Oka Nobuto , Shigesato Yuzo 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTTa doped SnO2 (TTO) films prepared on quartz glass substrates at 200 °C were annealed in the air to investigate the annealing effect on the structural, the optical, and the electrical properties. It is shown that the annealing for TTO films resulted in beneficial effect on the electrical resistivity by improving the carrier density and Hall mobility. The lowest resistivity was 1.4 × 10-3Ω cm obtained at 400 °C annealing temperature. The scattering mechanism in TTO films was discussed from the optical and electrical perspectives. The variation in Hall mobility with increasing the annealing temperature may be attributed to the scattering from the ionized and neutral impurities in TTO films.
Complex Oxide Interfaces: A Path to Design New Materials
Authors: Habermeier Hanns-Ulrich 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTHeterostructures composed of transition metal oxides with strong electron correlation offer a unique opportunity to design new artificial materials whose electrical, magnetic and optical properties can be manipulated by tailoring the occupation of the d-orbitals of the transition metal in the compound. This possibility is an implication of symmetry constraints at interfaces with the consequence of a reconstruction of the coupled charge-, spin-, and orbital states of the constituents and their interactions. Novel architectures can be constructed showing functions well beyond charge density manipulations determining the functionality of conventional semiconductor heterostructures. Success in this endeavor requires the mastering of technological prerequisites such as structurally as well as chemically controlled interface preparation down to atomic scales. Additionally, a fundamental understanding of the modifications of the electronic structure at the interface imposed by structural boundary conditions and consequently by the constituent’s orbital occupation is required. A path towards a new generation of electronic devices with multiple functionalities can thus be opened by exploiting the correlation driven interface phenomena. In this paper, the technological challenges and experimental realizations along this concept are described with an emphasis of growth techniques based on the pulsed laser deposition method. As a case study, results of investigations of YBa2Cu3O7/La2/3Ca1/3MnO3superlattices are compiled and the conclusions regarding the orbital manipulation at the interface are used to pave the way for orbital engineering of oxides with electronic structures similar to the cuprates in order to find novel ordered quantum states at the interfaces including magnetism and superconductivity.
Pharmacology in the Treatment of Severe Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Le Jennifer F. , Lohr W. David 
Published: October 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Recognize which presentations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) respond to medication.

2.
Learn the pharmacologic interventions commonly used in ASD.

3.
Know the implications of pharmacologic treatment in ASD.

The patient is an 8-year-old, noverbal black male diagnosed with autism who was admitted to the inpatient psychiatric unit due to an increase in aggressive and self-injurious behavior that has threatened his safety and the safety of those around him. His guardian reported that over the prior month, the patient had been destroying property in the home, becoming aggressive with both adults and peers, and had demonstrated an increase in head banging and biting his arm. These behaviors were in response to minimal provocation and specific triggers were not identified.
2-Undecyloxy-1-ethanol in combination with other semiochemicals attracts three Monochamus species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Macias-Samano Jorge E. , Wakarchuk David , Millar Jocelyn G. , Hanks Lawrence M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTwo species in the genus Monochamus Dejean (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) have recently been shown to have the same male-produced sex pheromone, 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol (monochamol), suggesting that other congeners may share the same pheromone. We tested that hypothesis by conducting field bioassays of monochamol, in combination with bark-beetle pheromones and the host plant volatiles ethanol and α-pinene, in southern British Columbia, Canada. We captured 603 Monochamus clamator (LeConte), 63 Monochamus obtusus Casey, 245 Monochamus scutellatus (Say) (tribe Monochamini), and 42 Acanthocinus princeps (Walker) (tribe Acanthocinini). All three Monochamus species were significantly attracted to the combination of monochamol and host plant volatiles, whereas bark-beetle pheromones plus plant volatiles and plant volatiles alone were minimally attractive. Adding bark-beetle pheromones to the monochamol plus plant volatiles treatment synergised attraction of M. clamator, but not the other two Monochamus species. Acanthocinus princeps was most strongly attracted to the combination of bark-beetle pheromones and plant volatiles, and did not appear to be affected by the presence or absence of monochamol in baits. We conclude that monochamol is a likely pheromone component for the three Monochamus species, and that monochamol plus host plant volatiles is an effective attractant for these and perhaps other North American Monochamus species.
Membranous nephropathy: Treatment outline and risk stratification
Authors: Arabi Ziad 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMembranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adult. However, the exact etiology and the best treatment approach are still unclear. It is imperative to understand the nature of and prognosis of MN before initiating treatment which may include disease specific therapy based on a careful risk-stratification approach.
Spinal ependymoma presenting with visual and hearing impairment – An unusual sequelae
Authors: Gangadharan Jagathlal , Santosh Vani , Bharath Rose , Pandey Paritosh 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system is a rare complication of recurrent bleeding in the neuraxis which may present with various symptoms. We report a case of spinal tumor presenting with superficial siderosis with involvement of vision and hearing along with ataxia. This is a rare presentation of superficial siderosis. The pathogenesis of selective involvement of these cranial nerves is discussed.
Minding the gaps: Examining skill shortages in Australian rural non-agricultural workplaces
Authors: Bryant Lia , Jaworski Katrina 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article examines skills shortage in rural Australian mining and food and beverage processing industries by analyzing the concept of skill and differentiating between gaps in skills and skill shortages. Drawing on Acker's sociological concept of inequality regimes, we analyze workforce profiles informed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics data, and qualitative interview data with human resource personnel. Emphasis is given to gender and Indigeneity, and the recruitment and retention practices by place and organization. We argue that the term ‘skill shortage’ is contentious as current workforce profiles are narrow and thereby exclude segments of the rural labor market. We also argue that underlying assumptions about gender and race in organizations need to be addressed for rural-based organizations to more fully utilize the available workforce.
The impact of comparative state-directed development on working conditions and employee satisfaction
Authors: Westover Jonathan H 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this research, I apply and extend Kohli's (2004) state-directed development framework to better understand country-level factors influencing cross-national differences in job characteristics and job satisfaction. Prior research has indicated that the nature of work has changed dramatically in recent years in response to economic shifts and an increasingly global economy. However, there is little agreement on whether the overall quality of work has improved or declined over that period and little is known about the overall comparative quality of work and job satisfaction across the global economy. In this study I use non-panel longitudinal data from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP 1989, 1997, 2005 – survey questions on job characteristics and job quality) and various country-contextual variables. This article explores the impact of state-directed development on job satisfaction, first identifying and explaining the foundations of the statist literature, and then using various statistical methods to test for statistically significant impact and variation across countries.
Facilitating a deep approach to learning: An innovative case assessment technique
Authors: Jayashree Payyazhi , Mitra Sumit 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis research is an attempt to explore the impact of an innovative case assessment technique on a deep versus surface approach to learning as adopted by a large cohort of undergraduate management students studying in a reputed University. Specifically, a case assessment incorporating peer assessment in the form of a Case Challenge was introduced by the researchers to enhance deep learning, as an innovation to compartmentalized approaches to case assessment that may foster surface-level approaches to learning. Data collected through structured interviews suggest that inclusion of a challenge component in case analyses, directed and led by a peer group, substantially increased the level of preparation and ownership assumed by both the presenting team and challenging team in their own learning as also learning for the rest of the class. Results are discussed in the context of contemporary literature on learning-oriented assessment in general and the impact of peer assessments on deep versus surface approaches to learning in particular.