bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symbolic value and the limits of good‐for theory
Authors: Abma Aaron 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGood‐for theorists claim that to be valuable is to be good for someone, in the sense of being beneficial for them. Their opponents deny this, arguing that some things are good‐simpliciter: good independently of being good for anyone. In this article I argue in favor of good‐simpliciter. I appeal to the category of symbolically valuable acts, acts which seem valuable even when they do not benefit anyone and even when they are costly to the agent. I explore various strategies a good‐for theorist might pursue to address these apparently valuable acts, for example by appealing to the acts’ connection to beneficial character traits or practices, and I argue that none of these strategies succeed. Instead, I propose that the best way to understand the value of these acts involves seeing them as appropriate responses to what is good‐simpliciter, and more specifically, as ways of loving what is worthy of love.
Crepuscular and small but not evolutionary unique species are the reptiles less affected by roadkill in Europe
Authors: Morelli Federico , Benedetti Yanina , Arslan Dilara , Delgado Juan 
Published: July 2024

We extensively reviewed scientific literature and extracted a large dataset with roadkill events for reptile species. We examined 300 articles from 33 European countries, gathering 1688 records of reptiles killed by vehicle traffic. A total of 125 taxa were found documented as roadkill (100 native and 25 exotic species). We calculated each species' occurrence frequency within the database (henceforth ‘relative roadkill frequency'). The relative roadkill of species was strongly and significantly correlated when comparing the whole dataset and the subset of systematic studies. We modelled the inter‐specific variation in relative roadkill frequency across the European reptilian phylogeny concerning species traits, evolutionary uniqueness, and distribution range using a phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) model. Overall, reptile casualties are more pronounced for more closely related species. However, the relative roadkill frequency was unrelated to the level of evolutionary distinctiveness of European reptiles. Additionally, relative roadkill frequency was not correlated to the distribution range but was positively correlated with the species' body mass. The reptiles more frequently cited as road casualties were overall relatively large species: Montpellier snake Malpolon monspessulanus, European grass snake Natrix natrix, and Caspian whipsnake Dolichophis caspius. Additionally, more active species during the crepuscular hours were less affected by roadkill. From a conservation point of view, our results suggest that roadkill frequency is not more significant for evolutionary, more unique reptiles than for other species in Europe, while at the same time, widely distributed species are not the main target of roadkill events. Then, the main causes of roadkill in reptiles must be associated with other factors, such as behavioural traits or density of populations, rather than simply the size of their distribution range.Keywords: evolutionary uniqueness, phylogenetic signal, reptile species, roadkill incidence, wildlife conservation
Investigation of current guidelines for prescribing spectacles to children using a modified Delphi approach and the AGREE II tool
Authors: Wilson Salma , Suttle Catherine , Shah Rakhee , Conway Miriam , Ctori Irene 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to identify clinical guidelines that provide recommendations on prescribing refractive error correction in children, evaluate the overall quality of these guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool and subsequently gain consensus on the prescribing recommendations from high‐quality guidelines using the modified Delphi technique.MethodsA comprehensive search for prescribing guidelines was conducted using databases and professional websites. The quality appraisal of eligible guidelines was undertaken by scoring the six AGREE II domains. Subsequently, the modified Delphi technique was used by 10 experts (sub‐specialist optometrists, ophthalmologists and orthoptists) to gain consensus on the prescribing recommendation statements extracted from guidelines that had been identified as high quality. Three rounds were conducted in which agreement of these statements were scored using a 9‐point Likert scale with a free‐text option for any additional comments.ResultsFive eligible guidelines were identified. The AGREE II tool demonstrated that the guidelines varied substantially in quality, with only one guideline identified as being of high quality. A total of 168 prescribing statements were reviewed in the Delphi procedure. Of these, 95 statements reached expert consensus as being appropriate prescribing recommendations.ConclusionThere is significant scope for improving current guidelines for prescribing refractive error correction in children. We used the modified Delphi technique to find points of agreement on prescribing recommendations to support professionals prescribing refractive error correction in children. We recommend that further work is needed to address gaps in the guidelines.
Do concentrations of non‐esterified fatty acids change during gestation and lactation in healthy bitches?
Authors: Doll Sophie‐Charlotte K. , Haimerl Peggy , Bartel Alexander , Arlt Sebastian P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDuring the gestation and lactation period, the energy demand in pregnant and lactating bitches is elevated. Non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are utilized either directly from the fed diet or from body fat storage. High NEFA concentration in the blood plasma leads to an increased risk for diseases. Therefore, measuring blood NEFA concentrations may be an indicator for a period of scarcity. The aim of this study is to explore if serum NEFA concentrations in healthy bitches change during gestation and lactation. Healthy pregnant and lactating bitches were sampled on three appointed dates around parturition. NEFA values were examined with a multiparameter clinical chemistry analyser. All statistical analyses were performed using R. Overall, 38 bitches were enrolled in the study. Twenty‐one bitches were sampled on all three appointed dates. The median NEFA concentration antepartum was 0.73 mmol/L (IQR: 0.59, 1.01); during peak lactation, it was 0.57 mmol/L (IQR: 0.44, 0.82); and around weaning, it was 0.58 mmol/L (IQR: 0.46, 0.73). NEFA concentrations rose slightly with litter size in late gestation. Body condition score had no influence on observed NEFA values. We conclude that NEFA concentrations widely remain within reference ranges in well‐fed pregnant and lactating bitches. Nevertheless, they may be a valuable parameter to assess the actual metabolic status of malnourished pregnant and lactating bitches.
Early graft‐infiltrating lymphocytes are not associated with graft rejection in a mouse model of skin transplantation
Authors: Kanazawa Ryo , Goto Ryoichi , Harada Takuya , Ota Takuji , Kobayashi Nozomi , Shibuya Kazuaki , Ganchiku Yoshikazu , Watanabe Masaaki , Zaitsu Masaaki , Kawamura Norio , Shimamura Tsuyoshi , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGraft‐infiltrating lymphocytes (GILs) play an important role in promoting rejection after organ transplantation. We recently reported that GILs that accumulated up to 3 days post‐transplantation did not promote rejection, whereas GILs present 3–5 days post‐transplantation promoted rejection in a mouse heart transplantation model. However, the immunological behaviour of GILs in murine skin transplantation remains unclear. GILs were isolated on days 3, 5 or 7 post‐transplantation from C57BL/6 (B6) allogeneic skin grafts transplanted onto BALB/c mice. BALB/c Rag2−/− γc−/− mice (BRGs) underwent B6 skin graft transplantation 10 weeks after adoptive transfer of day 3, 5, or 7 GILs. BRGs reconstituted with day 5 or 7 GILs completely rejected B6 grafts. However, when B6 grafts harvested from recipient BALB/c mice on day 5 or 7 were re‐transplanted into BRGs, half of the re‐transplanted day 5 grafts established long‐term survival, although all re‐transplanted day 7 grafts were rejected. BRGs reconstituted with day 3 GILs did not reject B6 grafts. Consistently, re‐transplantation using day 3 skin grafts resulted in no rejection. Administration of anti‐CD25 antibodies did not prevent the phenomenon observed for the day 3 skin grafts. Furthermore, BRGs reconstituted with splenocytes from naïve BALB/c mice immediately rejected the naïve B6 skin grafts and the re‐transplanted day 3 B6 grafts, suggesting that day 3 GILs were unable to induce allograft rejection during the rejection process. In conclusion, the immunological role of GILs depends on the time since transplantation. Day 3 GILs had neither protective nor alloreactive effects in the skin transplant model.
Comparison of proteomic profiles and biological properties for corneal wound healing of canine amniotic membrane and its extracts
Authors: Permkam Chompunut , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Phaonakrop Narumon , Suriyaphol Gunnaporn , Tuntivanich Nalinee 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe application of canine amniotic membrane (cAM) for corneal reconstruction is widely used in the veterinary field. However, the information on biological properties and alternative forms of cAM for corneal wound healing is limited. This study aimed to investigate the proteomic profiles and corneal wound healing properties of cAM, cAM extract (cAME), and lyophilized cAM extract (cAMX).Animal StudiedA total number of 14 cAMs were sterilely harvested from healthy full‐term puppies and randomly divided into three different forms: cAM (n = 14), cAME (n = 14), and cAMX (n = 14).ProceduresEach form of cAMs was subjected to proteomic analysis using label‐free liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), followed by bioinformatic analysis. The proteins were classified into properties by comparing them with the literature search on human amniotic membrane (hAM) properties and the effect on corneal wound healing when given topically.ResultsThe analyses identified 8136 proteins in cAM, 8211 proteins in cAME, and 7093 proteins in cAMX. A total number of 100 proteins were matched with proteins in hAM properties and were classified into anti‐inflammatory, anti‐fibrotic, anti‐microbial, anti‐angiogenic, promotion of epithelialization, analgesic, and support cell adhesion and growth properties. Furthermore, proteins with corneal wound healing effects were identified in cAME and cAMX.ConclusionscAM and its extracts contain numerous proteins, including proteins related to corneal wound healing properties. Additionally, cAME and cAMX showed proteins involved in corneal wound healing and their potential benefits for topical use in ophthalmology.
THE STUDY OF SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE ON AN INDONESIAN CONSTRUCTION COMPANY
Authors: Setiawan Theresita Herni , Firdaus Adrian , Putra Andre Dwi 
Published: July 2024

Situational leadership is defined as a style of leadership in which a leader manages to adapt his/her style in order to suit the situation. This situation refers to the circumstances among the leaderâ€™s employee which could enhance the success of the related project/work. The study is aimed to determine the suitability between the type of the employee and the situational leadership style of the project manager on a construction company. The circumstances of the employee are represented by their commitment and competence maturity level. The suitability result could give an insight to the project manager to enhance the success of their project. This study utilises a descriptive statistical analysis through a questionnaire survey and interview to a construction company in Indonesia. This company is selected because it is one of the biggest construction company in Indonesia. This research observed four high rise building projects which are constructed by this company in 2017 in Bandung, Indonesia. The result summary of the four projects shows a suitability between the type of employee (D3) and the projectâ€™s manager situational leadership style (S3).Â In accordance with the situational leadership theory, this suitability could produce a great situation between project manager and his/her employee, enhancing the accomplishment of the project. The company should keep this suitability, if such a shifting happens among the team, a re-identification is recommended. This could help project manager to understand his/her new employee, so he/she could adapt to the new situation and transform his/her leadership style to fit the new type of employee. This could enhance the overall performance of the company.Â
O Combate às Desigualdades Sociais para o Alcance de uma Cidade Sustentável
Authors: Melgarejo Moreno Joaquim , Schmitt Siqueira Garcia Denise 
Published: July 2024

A problemática deste trabalho surgiu ante a verificação da necessidade de se entender qual a importância que deve ser dada ao combate das desigualdades sociais para que se possa alcançar uma cidade sustentável. A pesquisa está inserida na linha de pesquisa do Programa de Pós-graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciência Jurídica (PPCJ – Univali) “Direito Ambiental, Transnacionalidade e Sustentabilidade” e no projeto de pesquisa “Aportes tecnológicos das smart cities à consolidação de cidades sustentáveis”. As temáticas ligadas a sustentabilidade são vitais para que possamos dar continuidade a vida no planeta e nessa seara reside a importância do tema que trata de cidades sustentáveis. Essa sustentabilidade que deve ser alicerçada dentro das dimensões social, ambiental e econômica. Nesse diapasão elencou-se como objetivo geral analisar a partir da doutrina o conceito de desigualdade social, qual a relação desta com a pobreza e qual o seu impacto para o alcance de uma cidade sustentável. Extraindo-se, ao final, a consideração da necessidade de combate às desigualdades sociais para o alcance de uma cidade que seja efetivamente sustentável, eis que a sustentabilidade visa o alcance dos direitos sociais dos cidadãos. Quanto à metodologia foi utilizado o método indutivo e acionadas as técnicas do referente, da categoria, dos conceitos operacionais, da pesquisa bibliográfica e do fichamento.
Sexual Dimorphism in the Architectural Design of Rat and Human Pelvic Floor Muscles
Authors: Routzong Megan R. , Rieger Mary M. , Cook Mark S. , Ukkan Ramya , Alperin Marianna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Skeletal muscle architecture is a strong predictor of in vivo functional capacity and is evaluated in fixed tissues, accommodating the study of human muscles from cadaveric donors. Previous studies evaluating the pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) demonstrated that the rat is the most appropriate small animal model for the study of female PFM architecture, but the rat's suitability for the study of male PFMs is undetermined. We aimed to determine (1) whether PFM architecture exhibits sexual dimorphism in rats or humans, and (2) if the rat is also a suitable animal model for the study of male human PFMs. PFMs were fixed in situ and harvested en bloc from male and female cadaveric donors and 3-month-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Three architectural parameters influenced by species size were used to compare male versus female PFMs within species, while four size-independent measures compared species within sex. All comparisons were made with two-way analysis of variances and Tukey's multiple comparisons tests post hoc. Sarcomere length (rats and humans, p = 0.016 and = 0.002) and normalized fiber length (rats, p &lt; 0.001) were significantly larger in male PFMs. Three of the size-independent measures exhibited similar species trends in both sexes, while the size-independent sarcomere length measure (Ls/Lso) differed between male rats and humans (p &lt; 0.001). Thus, sexual dimorphism is present in rat and human PFM architecture, and the male rat is suitable for studies of human male PFMs.
A Framework of Real-Time Knowledge Capture and Formalization for Model-Based Design With Spoken Annotation and Design Operations
Authors: Nomaguchi Yutaka , Morikawa Hiroyuki , Nishida Rempei , Fujita Kikuo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Capturing knowledge without an extra burden on engineers is one of the most challenging issues in the engineering domain. This study proposes a framework of real-time knowledge capture and systematic formalization for the model-based design (MBD), the systems design approach where a simulation is a key component. The framework records the screen of the modeling tool as video data and spoken annotation in which an engineer verbally explains the rationale of the modeling conducted with Modelica-based software commonly used for MBD. The captured modeling tool log and spoken annotation are divided into chunks, each corresponding to a design operation, e.g., defining functions, defining system components, setting model elements, setting model parameters, and running simulations. The format of the graphical Issue-Based Information Systems (gIBIS), the argumentation model for representing design rationale represents the logical structure of the design process. We define design operation templates at the system and subsystem levels, which act as rules to convert the modeling tool log into gIBIS format systematically. We conduct a design case of a spinach harvesting machine with MBD software to verify the proposed framework. The results show that through non-intrusive recording of the design process, the proposed framework is effective in capturing knowledge that can be used to help understand how a model was built.
Analytical Inverse Kinematics for Two-Segment Extensible Continuum Manipulators
Authors: Xing Zhiguang , Yang Guoguo , Wang Pengyuan , Zheng Zheng , Zhao Jianwen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Fast inverse kinematics (IK) algorithm is significant for real-time precise motion control for continuum and soft manipulators. In this paper, we studied an explicit expression of a two-segment continuum manipulator based on constant curvature assumptions and discussed the existence of the IK solutions. Utilizing the pseudo-rigid-body method, we contrast this model with the traditional six-axis rigid industrial robot arm, revealing that two-segment extensible continuum manipulators exhibit limited rotation angles around the directional vector of their tips, thereby showcasing reduced dexterity. By pre-constraining five degrees-of-freedom (DOF) and addressing the definition of the remaining DOF, we streamline the IK-solving process, resulting in minimal computational overhead suitable for a wide range of applications. This model promises a robust and real-time approach for controlling two-segment extensible continuum manipulators, enhancing their operational efficiency and effectiveness.
Comparing Sagittal-Plane Biomechanics of Drop Jump Landing in Athletes With and Without Knee Osteoarthritis 2-Year Post-Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Nawasreh Zakariya H. , Yabroudi Mohammad A. , Daradkeh Sharf M. , Abujaber Sumayeh B. , Alsharei Adel S. , Bashaireh Khaldoon M. 
Published: July 2024

The study aimed to determine differences in sagittal-plane joint biomechanics between athletes with and without knee osteoarthritis (OA) during drop vertical jump 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Forty-one athletes with ACLR completed motion analysis testing during drop vertical jump from 30 cm. Sagittal-plane peak joint angles and moments and joint contributions to total support moment (TSM) were calculated during first landing. Medial compartment knee OA of the reconstructed knee was evaluated using Kellgren–Lawrence scores (ACLR group: Kellgren–Lawrence <2; ACLR-OA group: Kellgren–Lawrence ≥2). The ACLR-OA group (n = 13) had higher hip and lower knee contributions in the surgical limb than the ACLR group and their nonsurgical limb. Further, the ACLR-OA group had higher peak hip extension moment than the ACLR group (P = .024). The ACLR-OA group had significantly lower peak knee extension and ankle plantar flexion moments and TSM (P ≤ .032) than ACLR group. The ACLR-OA group landed with increased hip extension moment, decreased knee extension and ankle plantar flexion moments and TSM, and decreased knee and increased hip contributions to TSM compared with ACLR group. The ACLR-OA group may have adopted movement patterns to decrease knee load and compensated by shifting the load to the hip. Clinicians may incorporate tailored rehabilitation programs that mitigate the decreased knee load to minimize the risk of knee OA after ACLR.
Efficacy assessment of miltefosine and curcumin against
Clonorchis sinensis
infection
Authors: Lee Soon-Ok , Chu Ki Back , Yoon Keon-Woong , Eom Gi-Deok , Mao Jie , Lee Hyeryon , No Joo Hwan , Song Jin Ho , Hong Sung-Jong , Kim Sung Soo , Quan Fu-Shi 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Praziquantel (PZQ) is currently the only approved drug for treating clonorchiasis, but its poor efficacy against
Clonorchis sinensis
larvae has highlighted the need to develop newer drugs. In this study, to address this challenge, we investigated the anti-parasitic efficacy of miltefosine (MLT), curcumin (CUR), and PZQ against
C. sinensis
metacercariae (CsMC), newly excysted juvenile worms (CsNEJs), and adults. Larvicidal effects of MLT and CUR surpassed those elicited by PZQ
in vitro
. These two drugs exerted their effect against both CsMC and CsNEJs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. To confirm the effect of these drugs
in vivo
, Syrian golden hamsters were orally infected with 100 CsMC and subsequently treated with MLT, CUR, or PZQ at 1 and 4 weeks post-infection (wpi). MLT and CUR reduced the worm recoveries at 1 and 4 wpi, indicating that these drugs were efficacious against both larvae and adult
C. sinensis
. PZQ was only efficacious against adult worms. Interestingly, both MLT and CUR showed lower levels of
C. sinensis-
specific IgG responses than the infection control group, implying that worm burden and bile IgG responses could be correlated. These results indicate that MLT and CUR are efficacious against both larval and adult stages of
C. sinensis
, thereby highlighting their potential for further development as alternative therapeutic options for clonorchiasis.