bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How To Minimize Toxic Exposure to Pyridine during Continuous Infusion of Ceftazidime in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis?
Authors: Bourget P. , Amin A. , Dupont C. , Abely M. , Desmazes-Dufeu N. , Dubus J. C. , Jouani B.-L. , Merlette C. , Nové-Josserand R. , Pages J. , Panzo R. , Vidal F. , Voge F. , Hubert D. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Ceftazidime is particularly efficient against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
in cystic fibrosis patients. Thus, the spontaneous production of pyridine, which is a toxic product, raises some concern. Our aim was to examine the kinetics of degradation of ceftazidime in portable infusion pumps either at 4°C, 22°C, or 33°C and to propose some recommendations in order to reduce the pyridine exposure. Two administration models were studied
in vitro
. In model 1, we administered 12 g of ceftazidime infused over 23 h (once-daily infusion) compared to 6 g infused over 11.5 h in model 2 (twice-daily regimen). Samples were collected at 0 h and then every 4 and 2 h after the shaping of portable infusion pumps in models 1 and 2, respectively. Both ceftazidime and pyridine were analyzed using an ultraviolet high-performance liquid chromatograph. Production of pyridine is highly depending on the temperature. The
in situ
production of pyridine per day of treatment decreases at a ratio close to 1/6 and 1/3 between 33°C and 4°C in models 1 and 2, respectively. Regardless of the conditions, the production of pyridine is significantly lower in model 2, whereas the total delivery amount of ceftazidime is significantly higher at 4°C and 33°C compared to that in model 1. According to a the precautionary principle, these findings lead to three major recommendations: (i) exposing a solution of ceftazidime to over 22°C should be strictly avoided, (ii) a divided dose of 6 g over 11.5 h instead of a once-daily administration is preferred, and (iii) infusion should be administered immediately after reconstitution.
Cytokine/Chemokine Secretion and Proteomic Identification of Upregulated Annexin A1 from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Cocultured with the Liver Fluke Opisthorchis viverrini
Authors: Hongsrichan Nuttanan , Intuyod Kitti , Pinlaor Porntip , Khoontawad Jarinya , Yongvanit Puangrat , Wongkham Chaisiri , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Pinlaor Somchai 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWe investigated the cytokine/chemokine secretions and alteration of protein expression from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cocultured with adult liver flukes (Opisthorchis viverrini) for 6 to 24 h. PBMC-derived proteins were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, and the cytokines/chemokines in the supernatant were assessed using a cytokine array. Exposure toO. viverriniinduced increases in secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, costimulating protein, adhesion molecules, and chemotactic chemokines relative to untreated controls. In contrast, secretion of the CD40 ligand, interleukin 16, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1β decreased. Proteomic analysis revealed that expression of 48 proteins was significantly altered in PBMCs stimulated withO. viverrini. Annexin A1 (ANXA1) was selected for further study, and immunoblotting showed upregulation of ANXA1 expression in PBMCs after 12 and 24 h coculture with liver flukes. In anin vivostudy, transcription and translation of ANXA1 significantly increased in livers of hamsters infected withO. viverriniat 21 days and from 3 months onwards compared to normal controls. Interestingly, immunohistochemistry revealed that ANXA1 was present not only in the cytoplasm of inflammatory cells but also in the cytoplasm of cholangiocytes, which are in close contact with the parasite and its excretory/secretory products in the biliary system. Expression of ANXA1 increased with time concomitant with bile duct enlargement, bile duct formation, and epithelial cell proliferation. In conclusion, several cytokines/chemokines secreted by PBMCs and upregulation of ANXA1 in PBMCs and biliary epithelial cells might have a role in host defense againstO. viverriniinfection and tissue resolution of inflammation.
Live Attenuated Mutants of Francisella tularensis Protect Rabbits against Aerosol Challenge with a Virulent Type A Strain
Authors: Reed Douglas S. , Smith Le'Kneitah P. , Cole Kelly Stefano , Santiago Araceli E. , Mann Barbara J. , Barry Eileen M. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTFrancisella tularensis, a Gram-negative bacterium, is the causative agent of tularemia. No licensed vaccine is currently available for protection against tularemia, although an attenuated strain, dubbed the live vaccine strain (LVS), is given to at-risk laboratory personnel as an investigational new drug (IND). In an effort to develop a vaccine that offers better protection, recombinant attenuated derivatives of a virulent type A strain, SCHU S4, were evaluated in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. Rabbits vaccinated via scarification with the three attenuated derivatives (SCHU S4 ΔguaBA, ΔaroD, and ΔfipBstrains) or with LVS developed a mild fever, but no weight loss was detected. Twenty-one days after vaccination, all vaccinated rabbits were seropositive for IgG toF. tularensislipopolysaccharide (LPS). Thirty days after vaccination, all rabbits were challenged with aerosolized SCHU S4 at doses ranging from 50 to 500 50% lethal doses (LD50). All rabbits developed fevers and weight loss after challenge, but the severity was greater for mock-vaccinated rabbits. The ΔguaBAand ΔaroDSCHU S4 derivatives provided partial protection against death (27 to 36%) and a prolonged time to death compared to results for the mock-vaccinated group. In contrast, LVS and the ΔfipBstrain both prolonged the time to death, but there were no survivors from the challenge. This is the first demonstration of vaccine efficacy against aerosol challenge with virulent type AF. tularensisin a species other than a rodent since the original work with LVS in the 1960s. The ΔguaBAand ΔaroDSCHU S4 derivatives warrant further evaluation and consideration as potential vaccines for tularemia and for identification of immunological correlates of protection.
Acute hamstring injuries in Swedish elite sprinters and jumpers: a prospective randomised controlled clinical trial comparing two rehabilitation protocols
Authors: Askling Carl M , Tengvar Magnus , Tarassova Olga , Thorstensson Alf 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundHamstring strain is a common injury in sprinters and jumpers, and therefore time to return to sport and secondary prevention become of particular concern.ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of two rehabilitation protocols after acute hamstring injury in Swedish elite sprinters and jumpers by evaluating time needed to return to full participation in the training process.Study designProspective randomised comparison of two rehabilitation protocols.MethodsFifty-six Swedish elite sprinters and jumpers with acute hamstring injury, verified by MRI, were randomly assigned to one of two rehabilitation protocols. Twenty-eight athletes were assigned to a protocol emphasising lengthening exercises, L-protocol, and 28 athletes to a protocol consisting of conventional exercises, C-protocol. The outcome measure was the number of days to return to full training. Re-injuries were registered during a period of 12 months after return.ResultsTime to return was significantly shorter for the athletes in the L-protocol, mean 49 days (1SD±26, range 18–107 days), compared with the C-protocol, mean 86 days (1SD±34, range 26–140 days). Irrespective of protocol, hamstring injuries where the proximal free tendon was involved took a significantly longer time to return than injuries that did not involve the free tendon, L-protocol: mean 73 vs 31 days and C-protocol: mean 116 vs 63 days, respectively. Two reinjuries were registered, both in the C-protocol.ConclusionsA rehabilitation protocol emphasising lengthening type of exercises is more effective than a protocol containing conventional exercises in promoting time to return in Swedish elite sprinters and jumpers.
PREVALENCE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENT USE AMONG ELITE IRANIAN ATHLETES (MALE & FEMALE NATIONAL LEVEL ATHLETES)
Authors: Golshanraz A , Laleh H , Lotfali P 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundDietary supplement use is common in athletes. Besides their cost, they may have side effects on health and performance. They may also cause inadvertent doping violation.ObjectiveThe study aimed to explore the frequency, type, believes, attitudes and knowledge of participants regarding dietary supplements.DesignKAP analysis, cross sectional, cluster sampling, year 2011.SettingFace to face data gathering strategy from national level athletes performed based on valid questionnaire.Participants350 national level athletes (mean age 21.87 years) from 26 different sports fields and both sexes.Risk factor assessmentAge, sex, level of education, sports field, history of sports participation, weight, height, body mass index.Main Outcome MeasurementsKnowledge was good in 36.70%, average in 59.80%, and poor in 3.20% of respondents. 65% of them either did not use any sports supplements at all, or they used less than 2 times weekly. The most widely used supplements were vitamins (m=76.9%, f=77.4%), energy supplements (m=56.9%, f=47.1%), and minerals (m=44.6%, f=57.4%). 72.1% of athletes believed in their efficacy, 40.2% experienced performance enhancement and 11.4% reported side effects. Over 60% rated their knowledge inadequate and 57.5% were eager to learn more.ConclusionsMany athletes believe in the efficacy of supplements and think they are an unavoidable part of competitive sports. Considering three aspects of supplement consumption –safety, efficacy, legitimacy, it should be focused that "optimal dietary intake is the basics for sport for life". We have to stress on education, consulting sessions, and rational prescription.
THE EFFECT OF REMOVING MAN-MADE JUMPS FROM SNOW-PARKS ON THE RISK OF SEVERE SKI-PATROL REPORTED INJURIES SUSTAINED BY SKIERS AND SNOWBOARDERS
Authors: Goulet C , Hagel B , Hamel D , Tremblay B 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundEvidence indicates that snow-park (SP) injuries are more severe than injuries on regular slopes. This prompted two major ski areas in the province of Québec, Canada, to remove all man-made jumps from their SPs before season 2007–08.ObjectiveTo determine if removing jumps from SPs reduced the prevalence of severe injuries for skiers and snowboarders.DesignRetrospective study using ski-patrol Injury Report Forms (IRF). The proportion of severe injuries before (seasons 2000–01 to 2006–07) and after (seasons 2007–08 to 2009–10) SP jump removal was compared with proportions at other areas.SettingAll ski areas in operation in the province (between 77 and 84).ParticipantsSkiers and snowboarders who reported to the ski patrol with a SP injury at two ski areas before and after SP jumps were removed, and for all the ski areas with no SP jump removal.Risk factor assessmentRisk factor data and injury outcomes were collected through IRFs.Main outcome measurementsSevere injuries were defined based on type of injury or ambulance evacuation. The proportion of severe injuries before and after SP jump removal was compared with proportions at other areas. Logistic regression analysis was used to adjust the pre- and post change comparison for age, sex, skill level, helmet use, and type of activity.ResultsAt the two hills that removed jumps, the proportion of severe injuries was 19.3% (600 severe SP injuries/3,109 all SP injuries) before and 14.5% (63/434) after the change, compared with 23.7% (2 679/11 324) and 22.1% (921/4 173) at other hills. The odds of severe injuries declined at the two areas that removed jumps (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.54–0.97) with no change at other ski areas (AOR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.83–1.08).ConclusionsResults suggest that removing man-made jumps from SPs prevents severe injuries.
THE MAIN CAUSES OF INJURIES SUSTAINED AT FITNESS FACILITIES PRESENTING TO VICTORIAN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS: IDENTIFYING THE CULPRITS
Authors: Gray S , Finch CF 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundFitness facilities provide an important avenue for people to increase their physical activity; however they can also be a common context of injury. The only source of routinely collected data about injuries associated with fitness activities is the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset as used by the Victorian Injury Surveillance Unit. This includes injury presentations to all public Victorian emergency rooms with a 24-hour service. Each case is accompanied by a 250-character narrative that provides further details surrounding the circumstances of the injury.ObjectiveTo determine the main causes of injury associated with fitness activities.DesignAnalysis of emergency department case narratives from 2002/03 to 2011/12.Participants1 979 de-identified injured persons who presented to included Victorian emergency departments.Main outcome measurementsTextual analysis and summary of the narratives to identify specific causes of injuries sustained in fitness facilities to lead potential injury prevention efforts.ResultsThe leading cause of injury depended on the type of activity being participated in (i.e. resistance training, aerobics/group exercise and use of other equipment). Across all fitness activities, the leading specified cause of injury was hit/struck/crush (50.9%) however this was largely driven by the high proportion of resistance training hit/struck/crush injuries (82.6% of all resistance training injuries). Falls were the leading specified cause of injury for aerobics and other equipment (62.4% and 63.2%, respectively). Most cases were not severe, with only 7.5% subsequently admitted to hospital.Conclusion:Injury prevention efforts should be specific to particular activities commonly participated in at fitness facilities, as the specific causes of injuries vary across these.
ISOKINETIC RELATIVE STRENGTH PROFILE OF POLISH ELITE AND SUB-ELITE FEMALE AND MALE SOCCER PLAYERS – A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Grygorowicz M , Hojszyk R , Piontek T , Dudzinski W 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundHowever the isokinetic strength is well described in the literature, there is still little know about the relative isokinetic strength values in sub-elite and elite soccer players of both sexes. One has to remember that this value should be regarded as one of critical sport-return criteria in case of the injury.ObjectiveTo describe distribution of isokinetic relative strength value in Polish elite female and male soccer players. We hypothesize that there will be no differences in relative isokinetic strength between players in different soccer level group.DesignCross sectional study.SettingElite and sub-elite division.Participants41 young sub-elite (YSMS), 27 elite male (EMS) and 30 elite female soccer (EFS) players from Polish Ekstraklasa and Youth Division.InterventionsAll soccer players performed concentric-concentric knee extension-flexion movements on Biodex System 3 Pro dynamometer at 60°/s of angular isokinetic velocity. Alignment axis of dynamometer rotation, thigh, hip and trunk stabilization as well as gravity correction and the range of motion was then set for each participant according to standard procedures. Values of relative isokinetic strength for were recorded. The one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey T test were used to assess differences between three groups. t-Test for two independent samples was used to analyze gender effects. Statistical significance was set at P<.05.Main outcomes measurementsRelative knee extensors and flexors isokinetic strength (Nm/kg).ResultsEFS had significantly higher results in isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring strength comparing to YSMS (2.64 vs. 2.31; P<.001 and 1.39 vs. 1.27; P=.0207, respectively) and significantly lower results comparing EMS group (2.64 vs. 3.11; P<.0001 and 1.39 vs. 1.78; P<.0001, respectively). However there were no differences between groups regarding sex (P=.8881 for extension and P=.0839 for flexion).ConclusionsObserved differences may be related to soccer skill level and not gender.
MEASURING SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST AND DEATH INCIDENCE IN MINNESOTA HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETES: A COMPARISON OF METHODOLOGY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PREVENTION STRATEGIES
Authors: Harmon K , Drezner J 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe incidence of SCD in Minnesota high school athletes was recently reported from 1 in 416,666 to 917,069 athlete-years based on search of catastrophic insurance claims data. The low rate of SCD was attributed to the effectiveness of a standardized pre-participation screening program using American Heart Association recommendations. However, in college age populations insurance claims data identified only 20% of SCDs.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of SCA/SCD in Minnesota high school athletes using media reports and compare this to incidence using insurance claims data.DesignRetrospective review of the Parent Heart Watch database generated from systematic search of media reports. Each case was reviewed for details. Sport participation numbers were from the National Federation of High Schools.SettingMinnesota.Participants1 906 014 high school athletes ages 14–18 from 2002–2012.InterventionsNone.Main outcome measurementsIncidence of SCA.ResultsMedia reports identified 14 SCAs, (7 SCDs /7 SCAs who survived), during the 10 year period examined, all in male athletes. The death rate in Minnesota high school athletes was 1 in 102 485. The SCA rate (death+arrests) was 1 in 51 243 athlete-years and 1 in 33 480 athlete-years in males. 43% of events and 29% of deaths identified occurred while participating on a school sponsored team. Seven of 14 events (50%) occurred in male basketball players for an SCA rate of 1 in 17 465 athlete-years. During the same time period there was one death (14%) identified using catastrophic insurance claims data.ConclusionsSCA/SCD rates in Minnesota high school athletes are significantly higher than previously reported and the incidence in male basketball players is disproportionately high. Media reports have been shown to underestimate SCD rates by almost 50% so these numbers represent a low estimate. Insurance claims grossly underestimate the incidence of SCD and cannot be used to measure cardiovascular endpoints in athletes or evaluate screening programs.
THEORETICAL MODEL FOR THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF TACKLES A PLAYER ENGAGES IN, TACKLE INJURY RISK AND PERFORMANCE IN RUGBY UNION
Authors: Hendricks S , Micheal L 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe tackle in rugby union is a physical contest between opposing players contending for territory and ball possession. During an 80-minute rugby match, a player will physically engage in the tackle contest between 10 to 35 times. For a player to repeatedly engage safely and effectively in the tackle, a high level of skill and physical tolerance is required.ObjectiveUnderstanding the physical demands of a tackle is necessary for the design and development of proper training drills, equipment, planning and management of training, recovery between training sessions and matches, minimising the risk of injury., and to replicate the event in the laboratory for research.DesignTheoretical model.SettingWorldwide rugby playing population.ParticipantsAll levels of play.Risk factor assessmentMagnitude of impact (energy load), number of tackles (during a match or over a season), muscle damage (micro trauma).Main outcome measurementsTackle injury risk and tackle performance.ResultsIt is theorised that players have a capacity to endure repeated high energy impact tackle situations. However, there is an upper limit, beyond which, the risk of injury is substantially increased, and tackle performance is noticeably decreased. This upper limit is reached either through one or two very high-energy impact contact situations or, accumulates over a match or season. Effective tackle skill training, proper physical conditioning, strength, power, equipment and attitude/motivation can offset the upper limit.ConclusionsBuilding on previous work in conjunction with the findings of Hendricks et al, a theoretical model for the relationship between the number of tackles a player engages in (acute or chronic fatigue), magnitude of impact (energy load), markers of muscle damage (micro trauma) and how this relationship interacts with tackle injury risk (tolerance overload or reduction) and tackle performance is proposed.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOURS OF TOP JUNIOR RUGBY UNION COACHES TOWARDS TRAINING THE TACKLE
Authors: Hendricks S , Martin S , Micheal L 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundCoaching strategies for effective technique and injury prevention have been proposed for the tackle. Despite this, little is known about current knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of coaches towards proper contact technique when training the tackle.ObjectiveReport on coaches' knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards coaching the tackle.DesignQuestionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale for importance (attitude), quantity (behaviour) and injury risk (knowledge). Field-training sessions were observed during the first 4 weeks of the season.SettingHigh school rugby coaches and their respective training sessions.ParticipantsTop 8 junior rugby coaches in the Western Cape, South Africa.Risk factor assessmentTwo sources: (i) from the questionnaire; importance of safety and performance, methods used to train the tackle, resources used to develop coaching knowledge and factors influencing their coaching, (ii) from observing training; number of tackle training sessions, time spent training the tackle, design of tackle training drill, equipment used, instruction and emphasis communicated to players.Main outcome measurementsKnowledge, attitudes, reported behaviours when training proper contact techniques, and observed behaviours for tackle training.ResultsCoaches noted the tackle event as a high-risk phase of play (mean risk rating for tackling=3.8, 95% CI 3.3–4.4; ball into contact=3.6, 95% CI 2.6–4.6). Proper contact technique was rated asimportantandvery importantfor both safety and performance. Of the 96 training sessions observed, 16% (n=15) included tackle training.ConclusionsThe coaches in this study were aware that the tackle is a high-risk phase of play, and that coaching proper technique is important for tackling and taking the ball into contact. A positive attitude was shown towards the importance of proper technique in reducing the risk of injury and improving performance. Details on actual tackle training behaviours were revealed, however, it is difficult at this stage to establish whether this is sufficient for match preparation.