bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a Statewide Childhood Body Mass Index Surveillance Program
Authors: Paul David R. , Scruggs Philip W. , Goc Karp Grace , Ransdell Lynda B. , Robinson Clay , Lester Michael J. , Gao Yong , Petranek Laura J. , Brown Helen , Shimon Jane M. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSeveral states have implemented childhood obesity surveillance programs supported by legislation. Representatives from Idaho wished to develop a model for childhood obesity surveillance without the support of state legislation, and subsequently report predictors of overweight and obesity in the state.METHODSA coalition comprised of the Idaho State Department of Education and 4 universities identified a randomized cluster sample of schools. After obtaining school administrator consent, measurement teams traveled to each school to measure height and weight of students. Sex and race/ethnicity data were also collected.RESULTSThe collaboration between the universities resulted in a sample of 6735 students from 48 schools and 36 communities. Overall, 29.2% of the youth in the sample were classified as overweight or obese, ranging from 24.0% for grade 1 to 33.8% for grade 5. The prevalence of overweight and obesity across schools was highly variable (31.2 ± 7.58%). Hierarchical logistic regression indicated that sex, age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and region were all significant predictors of overweight and obesity, whereas school was not.CONCLUSIONSThis coalition enabled the state of Idaho to successfully estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity on a representative sample of children from all regions of the state, and subsequently identify populations at greatest risk.
Associations Between Bullying and Engaging in Aggressive and Suicidal Behaviors Among Sexual Minority Youth: The Moderating Role of Connectedness
Authors: Duong Jeffrey , Bradshaw Catherine 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDResearch on the extent to which cyberbullying affects sexual minority youth is limited. This study examined associations between experiencing cyber and school bullying and engaging in aggressive and suicidal behaviors among sexual minority youth. We also explored whether feeling connected to an adult at school moderated these associations.METHODSData came from 951 self‐identified lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth, who completed the New York City Youth Risk Behavior Survey during fall 2009. We used multiple logistic regression to examine the hypothesized associations and test for effect modification.RESULTSCyber and school bullying were associated with engaging in aggressive and suicidal behaviors among LGB youth. Youth experiencing both cyber and school bullying had the greatest odds of engaging in aggressive and suicidal behaviors. However, feeling connected to an adult at school moderated these associations such that bullied youth who felt connected were not more likely to report aggressive and suicidal behaviors.CONCLUSIONSThe findings highlight the challenges faced by bullied LGB youth. Practitioners should work with school administrators to establish supportive environments for sexual minority youth. Helping victimized LGB youth develop meaningful connections with adults at school can minimize the negative impacts of cyber and school bullying.
Estimating the Peer Effect on Youth Overweight and Inactivity Using an Intervention Study
Authors: Quinto Romani Annette 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDUnderstanding peer effect is potentially important for finding ways to combat the obesity epidemic. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether a peer effect exists because of the composition of the peer group, because the group members have similar, unobserved individual characteristics, or because of an endogenous effect.METHODSThis issue is addressed here by using a unique longitudinal data set of 573 schoolchildren attending state schools in the Municipality of Aalborg, Denmark, during 2008‐2010. To identify the spillover effect of a targeted intervention on peers, we use a difference‐in‐differences approach.RESULTSA targeted health intervention reduced body mass index (BMI) among overweight, inactive individuals and, more interestingly, that BMI among the nontreated peers was reduced by 1.04%.CONCLUSIONSThe analysis suggests that individually targeted health intervention has a health benefit beyond the treated individual, which needs to be included when evaluating targeted policies aiming to combat childhood overweight and inactivity.
Influence of Context on Motives Underlying Food Choice
Authors: Machín Leandro , Giménez Ana , Vidal Leticia , Ares Gastón 
Published: August 2014

AbstractContext can be regarded as the situational and temporal conditions in which food choice occurs. Although context has a large effect on consumer perception and choice of food products, it has been mostly overlooked in research exploring the determinants of consumers' food choice. The aims of the present work were to study the influence of purchase and consumption context on motives underlying food choice and to evaluate if gender and age modulate this effect. One hundred and ninety‐five consumers from Montevideo (Uruguay) participated in an online survey. They were asked to complete a free‐listing task about all the things they take into account when selecting foods in four contexts: purchase, lunch, snacking and dinner. Consumer responses were qualitatively analyzed and grouped into categories and their cognitive salience was determined. Categories were grouped into 10 dimensions: price, health/nutrition, perceived quality, freshness, sensory characteristics, hedonics, convenience, context, variety and satiety. Context had a strong influence on the motives underlying consumer food choices. The dimensions with the highest cognitive salience in the purchase context were price, perceived quality and freshness, while convenience and variety were the most relevant dimensions for the consumption contexts. The effect of context on the salience of the elicited categories was not markedly affected by gender and age.Practical ApplicationsSeveral of the most salient motives responsible for food choices elicited by consumers in the free listing task of the present study are not included in the Food Choice Questionnaire. This suggests the need to revisit this instrument to include factors that have been overlooked, such as brand, satiety and variety. Besides, the fact that context had a large influence on the salience of the elicited categories indicates that asking consumers about the motives that determine their choices in a general context can lead to misleading results. Thus, specific contexts should be considered when studying consumers' motives underlying food choices.
Social Support and Psychological Well-Being in Gender Dysphoria: A Comparison of Patients With Matched Controls
Authors: Davey Amanda , Bouman Walter P. , Arcelus Jon , Meyer Caroline 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction
There is a paucity of research in the area of social support and psychological well-being among people with gender dysphoria.

Aims
The present study aimed to investigate levels of social support among individuals with gender dysphoria compared with a matched control group. It also aimed to examine the relationship between social support and psychological well-being.

Methods
Participants were 103 individuals diagnosed with gender dysphoria (according to ICD-10 criteria) attending a national gender identity clinic and an age- and gender-matched nonclinical control group recruited via social networking websites.

Main Outcome Measures
All participants completed measures of social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, MSPSS), psychopathology (Symptom Checklist 90 Revised, SCL), quality of life (Short Form 36 version 2, SF), and life satisfaction (Personal Wellbeing Index, PWI).

Results
Trans women reported significantly lower MSPSS total and MSPSS family scores compared with control women, although these differences in levels of social support were no longer significant when SCL depression was controlled for. No significant differences were found between trans men and any other group. MSPSS scores did not significantly predict SCL subscales but did predict both SF subscales and PWI total scores.

Conclusions
Trans women perceived themselves to be lacking social support. Given that social support is beneficial to quality of life and life satisfaction in those with gender dysphoria, this is of great concern. Though these findings have been derived from correlational results, extended research may highlight the value of clinicians helping trans women to seek out and maintain social support. Additionally, efforts could be made to educate and challenge attitudes of nontrans people towards those with gender dysphoria.
Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination IX: High‐speed interstellar dust analog capture in Stardust flight‐spare aerogel
Authors: Postberg F. , Hillier J. K. , Armes S. P. , Bugiel S. , Butterworth A. , Dupin D. , Fielding L. A. , Fujii S. , Gainsforth Z. , Grün E. , Li Y. W. , Srama R. , Sterken V. , Stodolna J. , Trieloff M. , Westphal A. , Achilles C. , Allen C. , Ansari A. , Bajt S. , Bassim N. , Bastien R. K. , Bechtel H. A. , Borg J. , Brenker F. , Bridges J. , Brownlee D. E. , Burchell M. , Burghammer M. , Changela H. , Cloetens P. , Davis A. , Doll R. , Floss C. , Flynn G. , Frank D. , Heck P. R. , Hoppe P. , Huss G. , Huth J. , Kearsley A. , King A. J. , Lai B. , Leitner J. , Lemelle L. , Leonard A. , Leroux H. , Lettieri R. , Marchant W. , Nittler L. R. , Ogliore R. , Ong W. J. , Price M. C. , Sandford S. A. , Tressaras J.‐A. Sans , Schmitz S. , Schoonjans T. , Schreiber K. , Silversmit G. , Simionovici A. , Solé V. A. , Stadermann F. , Stephan T. , Stroud R. M. , Sutton S. , Tsou P. , Tsuchiyama A. , Tyliczszak T. , Vekemans B. , Vincze L. , Zevin D. , Zolensky M. E. ,   >30,000 Stardust@home Dusters
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe NASA Stardust mission used silica aerogel slabs to slowly decelerate and capture impinging cosmic dust particles for return to Earth. During this process, impact tracks are generated along the trajectory of the particle into the aerogel. It is believed that the morphology and dimensions of these tracks, together with the state of captured grains at track termini, may be linked to the size, velocity, and density of the impacting cosmic dust grain. Here, we present the results of laboratory hypervelocity impact experiments, during which cosmic dust analog particles (diameters of between 0.2 and 0.4 μm), composed of olivine, orthopyroxene, or an organic polymer, were accelerated onto Stardust flight‐spare low‐density (approximately 0.01 g cm−3) silica aerogel. The impact velocities (3–21 km s−1) were chosen to simulate the range of velocities expected during Stardust's interstellar dust (ISD) collection phases. Track lengths and widths, together with the success of particle capture, are analyzed as functions of impact velocity and particle composition, density, and size. Captured terminal particles from low‐density organic projectiles become undetectable at lower velocities than those from similarly sized, denser mineral particles, which are still detectable (although substantially altered by the impact process) at 15 km s−1. The survival of these terminal particles, together with the track dimensions obtained during low impact speed capture of small grains in the laboratory, indicates that two of the three best Stardust candidate extraterrestrial grains were actually captured at speeds much lower than predicted. Track length and diameters are, in general, more sensitive to impact velocities than previously expected, which makes tracks of particles with diameters of 0.4 μm and below hard to identify at low capture speeds (<10 km s−1). Therefore, although captured intact, the majority of the interstellar dust grains returned to Earth by Stardust remain to be found.
Staphylococcus aureus competence genes: mapping of the SigH, ComK1 and ComK2 regulons by transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Fagerlund Annette , Granum Per Einar , Håvarstein Leiv Sigve 
Published: August 2014

SummaryStaphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen. Hospital infections caused by methicillin‐resistant strains (MRSA), which have acquired resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics through horizontal gene transfer (HGT), are of particular concern. In S. aureus, virulence and antibiotic resistance genes are often encoded on mobile genetic elements that are disseminated by HGT. Conjugation and phage transduction have long been known to mediate HGT in this species, but it is unclear whether natural genetic transformation contributes significantly to the process. Recently, it was reported that expression of the alternative sigma factor SigH induces the competent state in S. aureus. The transformation efficiency obtained, however, was extremely low, indicating that the optimal conditions for competence development had not been found. We therefore used transcriptome sequencing to determine whether the full set of genes known to be required for competence in other naturally transformable bacteria is part of the SigH regulon. Our results show that several essential competence genes are not controlled by SigH. This presumably explains the low transformation efficiency previously reported, and demonstrates that additional regulating mechanisms must be involved. We found that one such mechanism involves ComK1, a transcriptional activator that acts synergistically with SigH.
The attenuated virulence of a Burkholderia cenocepacia paaABCDE mutant is due to inhibition of quorum sensing by release of phenylacetic acid
Authors: Pribytkova Tanya , Lightly Tasia Joy , Kumar Brijesh , Bernier Steve P. , Sorensen John L. , Surette Michael G. , Cardona Silvia T. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe phenylacetic acid degradation pathway of Burkholderia cenocepacia is active during cystic fibrosis‐like conditions and is necessary for full pathogenicity of B. cenocepacia in nematode and rat infection models; however, the reasons for such requirements are unknown. Here, we show that the attenuated virulence of a phenylacetic acid catabolism mutant is due to quorum sensing inhibition. Unlike wild‐type B. cenocepacia, a deletion mutant of the phenylacetyl‐CoA monooxygenase complex (ΔpaaABCDE) released phenylacetic acid in the medium that favours infection in Caenorhabditis elegans. Addition of phenylacetic acid further decreased the pathogenicity of the ΔpaaABCDE, which cannot metabolize phenylacetic acid, but did not affect the wild‐type, due to phenylacetic acid consumption. In line with reduced detection of acyl‐homoserine lactones in spent medium, the ΔpaaABCDE exhibited transcriptional inhibition of the quorum sensing system cepIR. Phenotypes repressed in ΔpaaABCDE, protease activity and pathogenicity against C. elegans, increased with exogenous N‐octanoyl‐L‐homoserine lactone. Thus, we demonstrate that the attenuated phenotype of B. cenocepacia ΔpaaABCDE is due to quorum sensing inhibition by release of phenylacetic acid, affecting N‐octanoyl‐L‐homoserine lactone signalling. Further, we propose that active degradation of phenylacetic acid by B. cenocepacia during growth in cystic fibrosis‐like conditions prevents accumulation of a quorum sensing inhibiting compound.
A dually located multi‐HMG‐box protein of Aspergillus nidulans has a crucial role in conidial and ascospore germination
Authors: Karácsony Zoltán , Gácser Attila , Vágvölgyi Csaba , Scazzocchio Claudio , Hamari Zsuzsanna 
Published: August 2014

SummarySeven HMG‐box proteins of Aspergillus nidulans have been identified in the genomic databases. Three of these have the characteristics of non‐specific DNA‐binding proteins. One of these, AN1267 (HmbB), comprises one canonical HMG‐box in its C‐terminus and upstream of the canonical box two structurally related boxes, to be called Shadow‐HMG‐boxes. This protein defines, together with the Podospora anserina mtHMG1, a clade of proteins present in the Pezizomycotina, with orthologues in some of the Taphrinomycotina. HmbB localizes primarily to the mitochondria but occasionally in nuclei. The deletion of the cognate gene results in a number of pleiotropic effects, including those on hyphal morphology, sensitivity to oxidative stress, absence of sterigmatocystin production and changes in the profile of conidial metabolites. The most striking phenotype of deletion strains is a dramatic decrease in conidial and ascospore viability. We show that this is most likely due to the protein being essential to maintain mitochondrial DNA in spores.
Neither Fish nor Fowl: Implicit Attitudes as Patchy Endorsements
Authors: Levy Neil 
Published: August 2014

AbstractImplicit attitudes are mental states that appear sometimes to cause agents to act in ways that conflict with their considered beliefs. Implicit attitudes are usually held to be mere associations between representations. Recently, however, some philosophers have suggested that they are, or are very like, ordinary beliefs: they are apt to feature in properly inferential processing. This claim is important, in part because there is good reason to think that the vocabulary in which we make moral assessments of ourselves and of others is keyed to folk psychological concepts, like ‘belief’, and not to concepts that feature only in scientific psychology: if implicit attitudes are beliefs there is a prima facie case for thinking that they can serve as the basis for particular kinds of moral assessment. In this paper I argue that while implicit attitudes have propositional structure, their sensitivity and responsiveness to other mental representations is too patchy and fragmented for them to properly be considered beliefs. Instead, they are a sui generis kind of mental state, a state I dub patchy endorsements.
Perceived information ownership and control: Negotiating communication preferences in potential adoption reunions
Authors: SCHARP KRISTINA M. , STEUBER KELI R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this study, the tension adoptees feel between learning information about their past and protecting themselves from negative or unwanted information about their birth/adoption was explored. Specifically, communication privacy management theory was used to explore adoptee preferences for information during a potential reunion with their birth mother/family. Findings suggest adoptees' preferences for information ownership and control correspond to the following privacy rules: (a) permeably boundary privacy rules, (b) privacy rule calibrations of boundary access, (c) protection privacy rules, and (d) privacy rules restricting boundary access. In addition, adoptees often expressed that they would like their birth mothers to serve as information guardians, revealing desired information and concealing unwanted disclosures. By assuming this guardian role, birth mothers and adoptees might have less stressful reunions, especially if both parties have similar expectations for information preferences.
Utility of respiratory ward‐based NIV in acidotic hypercapnic respiratory failure
Authors: Dave Chirag , Turner Alice , Thomas Ajit , Beauchamp Ben , Chakraborty Biman , Ali Asad , Mukherjee Rahul , Banerjee Dev 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveWe sought to elicit predictors of in‐hospital mortality for first and subsequent admissions with acidotic hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) in a cohort of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients who have undergone ward‐based non‐invasive ventilation (NIV), and identify features associated with long‐term survival.MethodsAnalysis of prospectively collected data at a single centre on patients undergoing NIV for AHRF between 2004 and 2009. Predictors of in‐hospital mortality and intubation were sought by logistic regression and predictors of long‐term survival by Cox regression.ResultsInitial pH exhibited a threshold effect for in‐hospital mortality at pH 7.15. This relationship remained in patients undergoing their first episode of AHRF. In both first and subsequent admissions, a pH threshold of 7.25 at 4 h was associated with better prognosis (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04 respectively). In second or subsequent episodes of AHRF, mortality was lower and predicted only by age (P = 0.002) on multivariate analysis.ConclusionsNIV could be used on medical wards for patients with pH 7.16 or greater on their first admission, although more conservative values should continue to be used for those with a second or subsequent episodes of AHRF.
Singular Thought: Object‐Files, Person‐Files, and the SortalPERSON
Authors: Murez Michael , Smortchkova Joulia 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn philosophy, “singular thought” refers to our capacity to represent entities as individuals, rather than as possessors of properties. Philosophers who defendsingularismargue that perception allows us to mentally latch onto objects and persons directly, without conceptualizing them as being of a certain sort. Singularists assume that singular thought forms a unified psychological kind, regardless of the nature of the individuals represented. Empirical findings on the special psychological role of persons as opposed to inanimates threaten singularism. They raise the possibility that tracking individuals specifically as persons might require conceptualizing them in certain ways, for example, as persons. In this paper, we take such a possibility seriously but ultimately reject it. Instead, we propose to revise a prominent singularist theory, the theory of mental files, in order to accommodate data on the psychological distinctiveness of persons: We advocate the postulation of perceptual person‐files. Perceptual tracking via person‐files is different from object‐tracking but also from descriptive classification under the sortal conceptPERSON.
Successful treatment of severe immune hemolytic anemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation with bortezomib: report of a case and review of literature
Authors: Hosoba Sakura , Jaye David L. , Cohen Cynthia , Roback John D. , Waller Edmund K. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundImmune hemolytic anemia is a well‐known complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Posttransplant hemolytic anemia results in increased red blood cell transfusions and medical sequelae including iron overload.Case ReportWe present a case report of immune hemolytic anemia that occurred after allogeneic HSCT from an ABO major–mismatched, HLA‐matched unrelated donor. The patient had high anti‐donor A type antibodies that were unresponsive to treatment with steroids and rituximab, resulting in persistent transfusion dependence. A detailed time course of anti‐A titers, plasma cell content of the marrow, and B‐cell content of the blood is presented. Treatment with bortezomib, a protease inhibitor, eliminated residual host‐type plasma cells secreting anti‐A and restored normal donor‐derived erythropoiesis.ConclusionThis report, and a review of literature for treatment of immune hemolytic anemia after allogeneic HSCT, supports the utility of bortezomib as plasma cell–targeted therapy in this setting.