bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Love and the Empire in "Os Lusíadas"
Authors: Jiménez-Sandoval Saúl 
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Throughout the centuries, Os Lusíadas by Camões has been read as a Neoplatonic and Platonic text that follows the basic precepts of the dolce stil nuovo. Yet there is an inherent contradiction in this reading, for firstly, it disregards Camões' great genius in reinventing the style, and secondly, it does not account for the total sexual contact between the Portuguese sailors and the nymphs on the Ilha dos Amores. Furthermore, it does not contextualize Camões within the historical, social, and personal framework that must have played an important part in the composition of the poem. The article’s main argument is that Camões composes Os Lusíadas considering the dire need that Portugal has for an heir. Hence, it was necessary for the poet to downplay the Platonic and Neoplatonic traditions that influenced the dolce stil nuovo, in order to incite King Sebastian to seek a sexual encounter that will produce an heir.
How to organize the extension of the service life of wagon retarders
Authors: Канухин К.А. , Зубов С.С. , Кобзев В.А. 
Published: August 2024

В статье рассмотрен процесс организации работ по восстановлению ресурса и продлению срока службы вагонных замедлителей, жизненно важных компонентов системы регулирования скорости отцепов на сортировочных горках, включая алгоритм оценки соответствия функционального ресурса вагонного замедлителя нормативным документам. Приведена рекомендуемая форма контрольно-оценочной карты с составом выполняемых работ, перечень которых может корректироваться в зависимости от конкретного типа и исполнения вагонного замедлителя.
This article outlines the process for extending the service life of wagon retarders, vital components in railway operations. It focuses on the restoration of resources and the establishment of a new designated service life according to regulatory standards. The process begins with an order from the head of the infrastructure directorate, prepared by the automation and telemechanics service, and involves the formation of a qualification commission. This commission assesses the technical condition of wagon retarders nearing the end of their service life, including evaluations of functional resource, physical wear, and residual resource, and compiles control-assessment cards. The assessment process is detailed through organizational and technical measures, addressing challenges such as financial resource allocation and restoration feasibility. Outcomes may lead to modernization, new construction, or limited continued use. The article emphasizes the importance of maintaining safety and efficiency in railway operations through meticulous resource management and adherence to technical requirements.
The structure of an autonomous integrated high-precision positioning system for railway transport facilities
Authors: Охотников А.Л. , Соколов С.В. 
Published: August 2024

В статье представлены задачи и характеристики высокоточного позиционирования подвижных транспортных объектов, в частности, беспилотных (автономных) локомотивов. Указаны кинематические параметры, характеризующие движение транспортных объектов, и перечень опорных объектов инфраструктуры, относительно которых двигается поезд. Предложено рассматривать высокоточную систему позиционирования автономного поезда как интегрированную систему, обеспечивающую комплексирование данных от различных навигационных датчиков, датчиков системы технического зрения и цифровой модели пути.
The paper presents the tasks and accuracy characteristics of high-precision positioning of mobile transportation objects, in particular, unmanned (autonomous) locomotives. The kinematic parameters characterizing the motion of transport objects and reference infrastructure objects relative to which the train moves are considered. To provide a guaranteed solution to the considered problems, it can be argued that a high-precision positioning system for an autonomous train should be an integrated system that provides the complexing of data from various navigation sensors, vision system sensors and a digital track model.
ANÁLISE DAS PRODUÇÕES AUDIOVISUAIS DA TV ANÍSIO TEIXEIRA COM ABORDAGEM NA ÁREA DE CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA: uma proposição pedagógica de educação em saúde e ambiental do programa cotidiano no ensino básico
Authors: Florindo Mateus Ana Cristina , Pereira dos Santos Pinheiro Josemare 
Published: August 2024

O presente estudo se insere no campo de discussões sobre o uso didático das tecnologias digitais educacionais, especificamente, na abordagem da incorporação destas mídias nas práticas pedagógicas dos componentes curriculares no ensino básico, tomando como objeto de análise as produções audiovisuais da TV Anísio Teixeira. O objetivo da pesquisa foi elaborar um instrumento de orientação pedagógica que abordasse as temáticas relacionadas à educação em saúde e ambiental com ênfase na área de Ciências da Natureza, identificando-as nos objetos do conhecimento desta área e alinhando-as às orientações pedagógicas dos documentos normativos de referência, sugerindo possibilidades de estratégias metodológicas para o exercício da prática docente. Para tanto, buscou-se identificar os episódios do programa Cotidiano, produzidos no período 2013 e gravados em 2014, cujos episódios estão disponíveis na Plataforma Anísio Teixeira acessíveis livremente, estimulando à comunidade escolar para sua utilização. A pesquisa é de abordagem quali-quantitativa e de caráter descritivo, com ênfase em análise documental das mídias que estão na seção da TV Anísio Teixeira, cujas abordagens conceituais estejam alinhadas com as competências específicas e habilidades dos documentos normativos das esferas nacional e estaduais analisados concernente aos aspectos socioambientais e sociossanitários, com finalidades pedagógicas voltadas para construção das aprendizagens de Educação em Saúde e Ambiental. Verificou-se nos resultados do estudo que possibilita a promoção de aprendizagens significativas a partir do uso didático destas produções audiovisuais, nas aulas (inter)ativas como disparadores pedagógicos e mobilização dos conhecimentos prévios de modo contextualizado, lúdico, ético e crítico dos estudantes sobre as temáticas supracitadas, como uma ação educacional inovadora para saúde única.
Evaluating the potential of retinal photography in chronic kidney disease detection: a review
Authors: Amir Hamzah Nur Asyiqin , Wan Zaki Wan Mimi Diyana , Wan Abdul Halim Wan Haslina , Mustafar Ruslinda , Saad Assyareefah Hudaibah 
Published: August 2024

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health concern, emphasizing the necessity of early detection to facilitate prompt clinical intervention. Leveraging the unique ability of the retina to offer insights into systemic vascular health, it emerges as an interesting, non-invasive option for early CKD detection. Integrating this approach with existing invasive methods could provide a comprehensive understanding of patient health, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and treatment effectiveness.

Objectives
The purpose of this review is to critically assess the potential of retinal imaging to serve as a diagnostic tool for CKD detection based on retinal vascular changes. The review tracks the evolution from conventional manual evaluations to the latest state-of-the-art in deep learning.

Survey Methodology
A comprehensive examination of the literature was carried out, using targeted database searches and a three-step methodology for article evaluation: identification, screening, and inclusion based on Prisma guidelines. Priority was given to unique and new research concerning the detection of CKD with retinal imaging. A total of 70 publications from 457 that were initially discovered satisfied our inclusion criteria and were thus subjected to analysis. Out of the 70 studies included, 35 investigated the correlation between diabetic retinopathy and CKD, 23 centered on the detection of CKD via retinal imaging, and four attempted to automate the detection through the combination of artificial intelligence and retinal imaging.

Results
Significant retinal features such as arteriolar narrowing, venular widening, specific retinopathy markers (like microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and exudates), and changes in arteriovenous ratio (AVR) have shown strong correlations with CKD progression. We also found that the combination of deep learning with retinal imaging for CKD detection could provide a very promising pathway. Accordingly, leveraging retinal imaging through this technique is expected to enhance the precision and prognostic capacity of the CKD detection system, offering a non-invasive diagnostic alternative that could transform patient care practices.

Conclusion
In summary, retinal imaging holds high potential as a diagnostic tool for CKD because it is non-invasive, facilitates early detection through observable microvascular changes, offers predictive insights into renal health, and, when paired with deep learning algorithms, enhances the accuracy and effectiveness of CKD screening.
Cultivating Tomorrow: A Review on Biostimulants and Their Transformative Role in Agriculture
Authors: S Senthilkumar , Kuppusamy Senthil , M Baskar , KR Vijayalatha , R Jayavalli , S Nithila , K Sujatha , Palai Santwana 
Published: August 2024

The need to feed a world population that is expanding, soil deterioration, and climate change are all serious difficulties for agriculture. Seaweed extracts, humic materials, and microbial cultures are among the natural sources of biostimulants, a family of compounds that provide a revolutionary means of augmenting plant growth and resistance. Biostimulants, as opposed to conventional fertilizers and insecticides, enhance nutrient uptake, promote stress tolerance, and stimulate natural processes to improve plant health. The various forms of biostimulants, such as amino acids, protein hydrolysates, seaweed extracts, and advantageous microbes and fungi, are examined in this review. It explores various modes of action, including enhanced interactions with the soil microbiome, hormone modulation, and antioxidant activities. Biostimulants provide a wide range of potential advantages, including higher crop yields, better resilience to environmental stresses, and a decreased need for chemical inputs, all of which support more environmentally friendly farming methods. The need for environmentally sustainable agricultural solutions is driving a sharp increase in the usage of biostimulants, according to market trends. Sales are expected to exceed 2 billion globally by 2018, thus farmers will likely embrace them more widely as they look for more affordable and ecologically friendly options. Standardizing biostimulant chemicals and comprehending their intricate interactions across many agricultural systems, however, continue to provide difficulties. This review attempts to give a thorough summary of the state of biostimulant research as it stands today, emphasizing significant discoveries, innovations in technology, and potential paths forward. This study highlights the potential of biostimulants to transform contemporary agriculture and make it more robust, sustainable, and able to meet the demands of global food security by promoting a deeper understanding of them.
Robust, low‐cost data loggers for stream temperature, flow intermittency, and relative conductivity monitoring
Authors: Chapin Thomas P. , Todd Andrew S. , Zeigler Matthew P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWater temperature and streamflow intermittency are critical parameters influencing aquatic ecosystem health. Low‐cost temperature loggers have made continuous water temperature monitoring relatively simple but determining streamflow timing and intermittency using temperature data alone requires significant and subjective data interpretation. Electrical resistance (ER) sensors have recently been developed to overcome the major limitations of temperature‐based methods for the assessment of streamflow intermittency. This technical note introduces the STIC (Stream Temperature, Intermittency, and Conductivity logger); a robust, low‐cost, simple to build instrument that provides long‐duration, high‐resolution monitoring of both relative conductivity (RC) and temperature. Simultaneously collected temperature and RC data provide unambiguous water temperature and streamflow intermittency information that is crucial for monitoring aquatic ecosystem health and assessing regulatory compliance. With proper calibration, the STIC relative conductivity data can be used to monitor specific conductivity.
Drivers of decadal hiatus periods in the 20th and 21st centuries
Authors: Maher Nicola , Gupta Alexander Sen , England Matthew H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe latest generation of climate model simulations are used to investigate the occurrence of hiatus periods in global surface air temperature in the past and under two future warming scenarios. Hiatus periods are identified in three categories: (i) those due to volcanic eruptions, (ii) those associated with negative phases of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), and (iii) those affected by anthropogenically released aerosols in the mid‐twentieth century. The likelihood of future hiatus periods is found to be sensitive to the rate of change of anthropogenic forcing. Under high rates of greenhouse gas emissions there is little chance of a hiatus decade occurring beyond 2030, even in the event of a large volcanic eruption. We further demonstrate that most nonvolcanic hiatuses across Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models are associated with enhanced cooling in the equatorial Pacific linked to the transition to a negative IPO phase.
Contribution of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols to the changing Euro‐Mediterranean climate since 1980
Authors: Nabat Pierre , Somot Samuel , Mallet Marc , Sanchez‐Lorenzo Arturo , Wild Martin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSince the 1980s anthropogenic aerosols have been considerably reduced in Europe and the Mediterranean area. This decrease is often considered as the likely cause of the brightening effect observed over the same period. This phenomenon is however hardly reproduced by global and regional climate models. Here we use an original approach based on reanalysis‐driven coupled regional climate system modeling to show that aerosol changes explain 81 ± 16% of the brightening and 23 ± 5% of the surface warming simulated for the period 1980–2012 over Europe. The direct aerosol effect is found to dominate in the magnitude of the simulated brightening. The comparison between regional simulations and homogenized ground‐based observations reveals that observed surface solar radiation and land and sea surface temperature spatiotemporal variations over the Euro‐Mediterranean region are only reproduced when simulations include the realistic aerosol variations.
First global observations of the mesospheric potassium layer
Authors: Dawkins E. C. M. , Plane J. M. C. , Chipperfield M. P. , Feng W. , Gumbel J. , Hedin J. , Höffner J. , Friedman J. S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMetal species, produced by meteoric ablation, act as useful tracers of upper atmosphere dynamics and chemistry. Of these meteoric metals, K is an enigma: at extratropical latitudes, limited available lidar data show that the K layer displays a semiannual seasonal variability, rather than the annual pattern seen in other metals such as Na and Fe. Here we present the first near‐global K retrieval, where K atom number density profiles are derived from dayglow measurements made by the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager System spectrometer on board the Odin satellite. This robust retrieval produces density profiles with typical layer peak errors of ±15% and a 2 km vertical grid resolution. We demonstrate that these retrieved profiles compare well with available lidar data and show for the first time that the unusual semiannual behavior is near‐global in extent. This new data set has wider applications for improving understanding of the K chemistry and of related upper atmosphere processes.
A climate threshold at the eastern edge of the Tibetan plateau
Authors: Liu Xiuju , Colman Steven M. , Brown Erik T. , An Zhisheng , Zhou Weijian , Jull A. J. Timothy , Huang Yongsong , Cheng Peng , Liu Weiguo , Xu Hai 
Published: July 2014

AbstractProxy records of summer monsoon moisture at Lake Qinghai on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau reveal a late Quaternary climate history that is subtly different from that of speleothems from southern and eastern China. Total organic carbon and authigenic carbonate in two independently analyzed and dated cores indicate (1) relative stability and aridity during the glacial interval, (2) small variations during the Bølling‐Allerød and the Younger Dryas intervals, (3) comparatively abrupt change at the late Pleistocene/Holocene transition, and (4) relatively high variability during a wet early Holocene. Taken together, the data suggest that a climate threshold exists for penetration of Asian monsoon rainfall onto the Tibetan Plateau, a threshold that was crossed at the beginning of the Holocene. Conceptually, the threshold simply may be related to the topographic barrier that the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau presents to the landward penetration of the monsoon, or it may be related to nonlinearities in the climate system itself, such as sudden shifts in the configuration of the Westerly jet stream. Different mechanisms for producing a threshold are not mutually exclusive and may have combined to affect the dynamics of the Asian monsoon. In any case, the threshold is related to the presence of the Tibetan Plateau, which has a profound influence on the Asia monsoon system.
Ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation in a Babcock‐Leighton solar dynamo model: An observation system simulation experiment for reconstructing meridional flow speed
Authors: Dikpati Mausumi , Anderson Jeffrey L. , Mitra Dhrubaditya 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAccurate knowledge of time variation in meridional flow speed and profile is crucial for estimating the solar cycle's features, which are ultimately responsible for causing space climate variations. However, no consensus has been reached yet about the Sun's meridional circulation pattern observations and theories. By implementing an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation in a Babcock‐Leighton solar dynamo model using Data Assimilation Research Testbed framework, we find that the best reconstruction of time variation in meridional flow speed can be obtained when 10 or more observations are used with an updating time of 15 days and a ≤10% observational error. Increasing ensemble size from 16 to 160 improves reconstruction. Comparison of reconstructed flow speed with “true state” reveals that EnKF data assimilation is very powerful for reconstructing meridional flow speeds and suggests that it can be implemented for reconstructing spatiotemporal patterns of meridional circulation.
Random dust charge fluctuations in the near‐Enceladus plasma
Authors: Yaroshenko V. V. , Lühr H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractStochastic dust charge fluctuations have been studied in the light of Cassini data on the near‐Enceladus plasma environment. Estimates of fluctuation time scales showed that this process can be of importance for the grains emanating from the icy moon. The analytical modeling predicts that in the dust‐loaded Enceladus plasma a majority of the grains acquires fluctuating negative charges, but there might appear a minority of positively charged particles. The probability of this effect mostly depends on the ratio of the dust/plasma number densities. Our findings appear to be supported by the available Cassini Plasma Spectrometer measurements of the charged grain distributions during E3 and E5 plume flybys. The theoretical results can also provide new insights into the intricate process of particle dynamics in the inner magnetosphere.
Climatological characteristics of fronts in the western North Pacific based on surface weather charts
Authors: Utsumi Nobuyuki , Kim Hyungjun , Seto Shinta , Kanae Shinjiro , Oki Taikan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractComposite front climatology in the western North Pacific is determined using a newly developed 1.0° gridded data set. Here we propose a research strategy for determining the spatiotemporal distribution of fronts using weather chart images published by the Japan Meteorological Agency, one of the major data providers in the region. A preliminarily investigation of the internal data characteristics for the period of 2000–2010 is undertaken, and the final 4 years of data are used for an analysis of front climatology to avoid the effect of any spurious trends. This enables in‐depth analyses to be conducted, which have not previously been possible in the region, including the composites of cross‐sectional patterns for the thermal fields and precipitation near fronts, front length seasonality, and the significance of the thermal gradient near the fronts, in addition to determining the frontal frequency and spatial distribution of frontal precipitation. Pixel‐wise analysis reveals that 56% of the local precipitation maximum is located on the warm side of a cold front caused by less tilted upward motion on the warm side, with the intrusion of the upper level cold dry air into the warm side. This new data set also enables a further analysis of the occluded fronts, which are not correctly distinguished in the existing objective detection method.
Application of Regio‐ and Stereoselective Functional Group Transformations of Chiral Aziridine‐2‐carboxylates
Authors: Ha Hyun‐Joon , Jung Jae‐Hoon , Lee Won Koo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractChiral aziridine‐2‐carboxylates have two important functional groups, the carboxylate group and aziridine ring, that are useful for synthetic purposes. As both (2R)‐ and (2S)‐aziridine‐2‐carboxylates were commercialized in optically pure forms, we have studied to extend their synthetic utilities for the construction of various nitrogen‐containing molecules. The C2 ester group can be transformed into aldehydes, alcohols, amides, ketones, β‐ketoesters, and amines bearing diverse substituents with defined stereochemistry in high yields. In particular, ring‐opening reactions of aziridines are carried out in regio‐ and stereoselective manners toward α‐ or β‐amino cyclic and acyclic compounds in optically pure forms. The highlight of this chemistry based on the regio‐ and stereoselective functional‐group transformations of aziridine‐2‐carboxylates is exemplified by efficient and highly stereoselective syntheses of many biologically important amines, including natural products.
Domino Knoevenagel Condensation/Aza‐Ene Addition/N‐Cyclization Route to Functionalized Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and Pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidines
Authors: Sivakumar Sathiyamoorthi , Kumar Raju Ranjith 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA highly efficient and facile route to imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidines is described by using the three‐component reaction of aroyl acetonitriles, nitroketene aminals, and either isatins or aromatic aldehydes in the presence of Et3N. This one‐pot strategy occurs in a single step and involves a domino Knoevenagel condensation/aza‐ene addition/imine–enamine tautomerization/chemoselective N‐cyclization sequence of reactions to afford the products in excellent yields without the need for purification by column chromatography.
Self‐Assembled Isoporous Block Copolymer Membranes with Tuned Pore Sizes
Authors: Yu Haizhou , Qiu Xiaoyan , Nunes Suzana P. , Peinemann Klaus‐Viktor 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe combination of nonsolvent‐induced phase separation and the self‐assembly of block copolymers can lead to asymmetric membranes with a thin highly ordered isoporous skin layer. The effective pore size of such membranes is usually larger than 15 nm. We reduced the pore size of these membranes by electroless gold deposition. We demonstrate that the pore sizes can be controlled precisely between 3 and 20 nm leading to a tunable sharp size discrimination in filtration processes. Besides fractionation of nanoparticles and biomaterials, controlled drug delivery is an attractive potential application.