bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Rapid Progressors in Early HIV Infection Identifies a Signature Closely Correlated with Disease Progression
Authors: Zhang Zi-Ning , Xu Jun-Jie , Fu Ya-Jing , Liu Jing , Jiang Yong-Jun , Cui Hua-Lu , Zhao Bin , Sun Hong , He You-Wen , Li Qi-Jing , Shang Hong 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND
A substantial percentage (10%–15%) of HIV-infected individuals experience a sharp decline in CD4+ T-cell counts and progress to AIDS quickly after primary infection. Identification of biomarkers distinguishing rapid progressors (RPs) vs chronic progressors (CPs) is critical for early clinical intervention and could provide novel strategies to facilitate vaccine design and immune therapy.

METHODS
mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of RPs and CPs were investigated at 111 (22) days [mean (SD)] of HIV infection. The association of mRNA and miRNA expression with disease progression was examined by ROC analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.

RESULTS
Pathway enrichment analysis showed that genes with deregulated expression in RPs were primarily involved in apoptosis pathways. Furthermore, we found that 5 miRNAs (miR-31, −200c, −526a, −99a, and −503) in RPs were significantly decreased compared to those in CPs (P &lt; 0.05). The decreased expression of these miRNAs was associated with a rapid disease of progression of HIV infection with a 94% predictive value as measured by the area under the curve. The upregulated predicted targets from the 5 signature miRNAs and all upregulated genes identified from mRNA microarray analysis converged to the apoptosis pathway. Moreover, overexpression of miR-31 in primary human T cells promoted their survival.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results have identified a distinct transcriptomic signature in PBMCs of RPs and provided novel insights to the pathogenesis of HIV infection.
Effect of orthodontic treatment on oral health–related quality of life
Authors: Feu Daniela , Miguel Jose Augusto M. , Celeste Roger K. , Oliveira Branca Heloisa 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To assess changes in oral health–related quality of life (OHQoL) in children undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment and compare it to that of two groups not receiving treatment.

Materials and Methods:
Two hundred eighty-four subjects aged 12–15 years were followed for 2 years; 87 were undergoing treatment at a university clinic (TG), 101 were waiting for treatment at this clinic (WG), and 96 were attending a public school and had never sought treatment (SG). OHQoL was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). All subjects were examined and interviewed at baseline (T1), 1 year later (T2), and 2 years later (T3). OHIP-14 scores were analyzed using negative binomial regression in generalized estimating equations for correlated data.

Results:
During the follow-up period, the WG and TG OHIP-14 scores showed a statistically significant increase and decrease, respectively (P &lt; .001). At T1, the TG had an OHIP-14 score that was 1.9 times higher than that of the SG; however at T3, the TG score was 60% lower than the initial score of the SG. Adjusting for age, gender, dental health status (DMFT), socioeconomic position, malocclusion severity, and self-perceived esthetics did not change the effect of orthodontic treatment on OHQoL.

Conclusion:
Fixed orthodontic treatment in Brazilian children resulted in significantly improved OHQoL after 2 years.
IsThe Da Vinci CodeTrue?
Authors: Propp William H. C. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:The immense popularity of Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code may be traced to several factors, among them good suspense writing, an intriguing mystery, and popular anti-Catholicism. This essay, however, focuses on its themes of masculine conspiracy and misogyny. In the widespread folktale “The Swan Maiden,” a man subdues and weds a mythical female. Her eventual murder of her husband and escape into freedom exposes underlying tensions between the genders. This essay compares the plot of The Da Vinci Code with a “Swan Maiden” myth from New Guinea, where men’s fear of women has led to the creation of secret men’s societies. That similar themes are found in an American best-seller and a myth from Melanesia indicates that they are widespread if not universal masculine concerns.
Treatment Supporters and Their Impact on Treatment Outcomes In Routine Tuberculosis Program Conditions In District Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Authors: Soomro Munawar Hussain , Qadeer Ejaz , Khan Muhammad Amir , Morkve Odd 
Published: April 2013

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of mortality and is affecting millions of people in third world countries. In DOTS patients are monitored facility based and treatment supporter based; by these two ways patients are observed for the treatment. The aim of the study was to explore the role of treatment supporters and their impact on the treatment outcomes. Material and Method: The study was a cross-sectional survey within routine TB control program operational context. All sputum smear positive TB patients diagnosed, registered in public sector, urban and rural diagnostic centre during year 2008 with available outcomes were included in the study. Data was collected during August- October 2010 from 15 health facilities of 451 patients. Results: The majority of the patients (89.6%) were provided with treatment supporters. In 404 (89.6%) cases in which treatment supporters were provided, 203 (50.2%) were lady health worker, 46 (11.4%) were community health worker and health facility worker, and 155 (38.4%) were family member and community volunteer. 384 (85.1%) were categorized as treatment success, 31 (6.9%), as transferred out, 17 (3.8%), as dead, 16 (3.5%) as defaulted and three (0.7%) as treatment failure. The treatment success rates in patients supervised by lady health worker, community health worker and health facility worker, and family member and community volunteer was 93.1%, 89.1% and 73.5%, respectively. Conclusions: We found a significantly higher treatment success (93.1%) in patients supervised by lady health workers compared to other types of treatment support. The overall treatment success rate was 85.1%.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v14i1.14535 J MEDICINE 2013; 14 : 40-46
Sélection de clientèle et exclusion bancaire
Authors: Eber Nicolas 
Published: April 2013

Pour toutes les banques, la sélection de la clientèle est un problème crucial. Il s’agit de déterminer quels clients doivent être servis et quels clients doivent être rationnés ou exclus. Pour cela, il convient de trouver des méthodes permettant une telle sélection. Au plan théorique, la question est de comprendre les origines et les enjeux du problème de la sélection de clientèle. D’une manière évidente, l’origine fondamentale du problème réside dans l’imperfection de l’information concernant le risque des clients. Bien entendu, l’information imparfaite rend difficile pour la banque d’évaluer avec exactitude le risque d’un client et rend donc complexe la procédure de sélection des clients acceptables.
Classification JEL : D82
Application du droit au compte dans un comptoir de la Banque de France : l’exemple de Saint-Denis
Authors: Maymard Brigitte 
Published: April 2013

Par la procédure de droit au compte, la législation française instaure le droit pour toute personne de disposer d’un compte et confie à la Banque de France la mission de désigner pour toute personne remplissant des conditions déterminées, un guichet auprès duquel celle-ci pourra obtenir l’ouverture d’un compte de dépôt.
Classification JEL : G21, G28, I30
L’obligation d’information et de conseil du banquier à l’égard des personnes aux revenus modestes
Authors: Dion Sophie , Ghozi Alain 
Published: April 2013

Le droit français ne connaît pas le concept de «personnes aux revenus modestes «. Cette catégorie, à la supposer homogène, ne constitue pas le point de focalisation d’un ensemble de règles coordonnées dont elle serait l’objet. D’où la crainte d’un vide juridique, d’une méconnaissance des difficultés propres à une partie du corps social, avec le risque d’une dérive vers des situations dramatiques connues : le surendettement, voire, plus grave encore, l’exclusion. Pourtant notre système juridique connaît des mécanismes de protection qui peuvent bénéficier à ces catégories de personnes : ainsi du droit de la consommation ; ainsi de certaines règles propres à des professionnels ou à des commerçants. De plus la jurisprudence, puisant dans certains principes généraux, a su dégager des règles destinées à protéger des sujets de droit dans des activités qui ne relèvent pas directement des prescriptions légales : de la sorte elle protège des personnes qui se trouvent dans des situations pécuniaires, voire parfois psychologiques, qui justifient une sorte d’aide à la décision.
Classification JEL : K39
London as a financial center
Authors: Laslett Robert 
Published: April 2013

In economic terms, a financial centre is a location where value is added to financial products, in the form of the wages paid, and the returns on the capital employed. The financial centre in terms of value added continues to be the major location for high-skill jobs, individual talent, and capital.
For example, in 1998 EUREX, with its superior screen-based technology, « captured » the vital 10-year German government bond future from floor-based LIFFE. While screen-based, cheaper trading allowed the transactions and liquidity to move across to the Frankfurt exchange, the provision of screens in London meant that the traders themselves did not relocate. Frankfurt gained an increase in futures trading, but London retained the jobs, talent and investment.
JEL Classification : G10, R38
Cross Border Mergers of European Listed Companies : The Choice of a Reference Marketplace as a Relevant Criterion
Authors: Caradet Bertrand , Herbet Jérôme 
Published: April 2013

The recently observed multiplication of cross-border merger transactions among companies listed on European stock exchanges invites one to wonder about the future of the listing of the stock of the absorbing or newly-created company. In this regard, when entering into a strategic analysis regarding the structure and modalities of a contemplated cross-border merger transaction between listed companies, the choice of the market place to be retained as the future reference market for the stock of the absorbing or newly created entity should not be considered meaningless. Such a choice should be an integral part of the legal and practical elements to be taken into account in order to determine the optimal structure to retain. It appears that the choice of a future reference marketplace itself depends on a number of parameters, among which are the typology of the current or sought after shareholding structure or the general environment of the financial place to be retained. When conducting such an analysis, it appears the Paris market place seems perfectly suited to become the reference market place for a number of recently merged companies.
JEL Classification : K22
Le secteur européen de la gestion des pensions
Authors: Davis E. Philip 
Published: April 2013

Cet article tente d'évaluer l'état actuel et les perspectives futures de la gestion privée des retraites en Europe Continentale, en mettant un accent particulier sur la nature de la concurrence entre les gestionnaires d'actifs. Les aspects industriels de la gestion d'actifs sont présentés dans la première partie, tandis que la deuxième partie fournit des données sur les actifs des fonds de pension en Europe, considérés dans le contexte plus large des investissements institutionnels et de la structure financière globale. Dans les troisième et quatrième parties, nous examinons la situation actuelle sur les marchés « de gros » et « de détail » de la gestion d'actifs en Europe Continentale. Dans la cinquième partie, nous examinons les pressions futures exercées sur les fonds de gestion des retraites en Europe Continentale.
Classification JEL : C22, C23, H55, J26
Methods for Meta‐Analysis of Genetic Data
Authors: Lunetta Kathryn L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractModern genetic association studies, using genome‐wide genotype data, are often underpowered. Meta‐analyses of multiple studies performing genome‐wide genotyping improve power and have led to the identification of thousands of genotype‐trait associations. This unit provides an overview of the key concepts required for genetic meta‐analyses, and presents strategic approaches and key decisions that must be made in the process of performing genome‐wide association study (GWAS) meta‐analyses. The commentary discusses the interpretation of GWAS meta‐analysis results, complications, and some of the possible next steps once a GWAS meta‐analysis has successfully identified regions associated with a trait. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 77:1.24.1‐1.24.8. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Whole Genome Sequencing: A Considered Approach to Clinical Implementation
Authors: Dimmock David 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe recent entry of “whole” exome/“whole” genome sequencing into limited clinical practice has led to a progression of the availability of genome‐scale testing beyond deletion/duplication copy number arrays. This unit provides a considered approach to the implementation of such testing in routine clinical practice. Specifically, we will highlight the challenges in patient selection and consent, and the technical issues surrounding test interpretation and reporting. The unit will then provide practical solutions that allow for genome‐wide sequencing to be implemented in current clinical practice. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 77:9.22.1‐9.22.7. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantitative Recovery of Magnetic Nanoparticles from Flowing Blood: Trace Analysis and the Role of Magnetization
Authors: Schumacher Christoph M. , Herrmann Inge K. , Bubenhofer Stephanie B. , Gschwind Sabrina , Hirt Ann‐Marie , Beck‐Schimmer Beatrice , Günther Detlef , Stark Wendelin J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMagnetic nanomaterials find increasing application as separation agents to rapidly isolate target compounds from complex biological media (i.e., blood purification). The responsiveness of the used materials to external magnetic fields (i.e., their saturation magnetization) is one of the most critical parameters for a fast and thorough separation. In the present study, magnetite (Fe3O4) and non‐oxidic cementite (Fe3C) based carbon‐coated nanomagnets are characterized in detail and compared regarding their separation behavior from human whole blood. A quantification approach for iron‐based nanomaterials in biological samples with strong matrix effects (here, salts in blood) based on platinum spiking is shown. Both materials are functionalized with polyethyleneglycol (PEG) to improve cytocompatibility (confirmed by cell toxicity tests) and dispersability. The separation performance is tested in two setups, namely under stationary and different flow‐conditions using fresh human blood. The results reveal a superior separation behavior of the cementite based nanomagnets and strongly suggest the use of nanomaterials with high saturation magnetizations for magnetic retention under common blood flow conditions such as in veins.
Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Cu(II) complex anion exchange membranes prepared using chemical fiber for direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Xu Pei Yu , Zhao Chun Hui , Liu Qing Lin 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTPVA/Cu (II) complex anion exchange membranes (AEMs) were prepared for direct methanol fuel cells. The complex was for the first time used as membrane material of AEMs. Glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent was introduced to control water uptake and swelling of the membranes. The membranes with thickness of 1 μm were fabricated using chemical fibers based on the solution surface tension. The complex membranes show good ionic conductivity and low methanol permeability in the magnitude of 10−2 S · cm−1 and 10−7 cm−2 · S−1, respectively. This is a facile, efficient, green, and fast way to prepare new AEMs for direct methanol fuel cells. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1172‐1178, 2013
Safeguarding Children and Child Protection Education for UK Trainee Teachers in Higher Education
Authors: Tarr Jane , Whittle Maggie , Wilson Janet , Hall Liz 
Published: April 2013

Knowledge and expertise about safeguarding children and child protection are both essential skills for schoolteachers. Since 2004, specific learning about these topics has been included in the curricula for undergraduate and postgraduate trainee teachers. This article explores the development of child protection education and learning for trainee teachers at the University of the West of England, and reflects on some of our experiences, learning to date and student feedback. Child protection education is a feature of all undergraduate and postgraduate trainee teacher courses at this university. Our model differs from others as it is embedded in face‐to‐face learning which is led by four professionals from relevant disciplines: education, health, police and social work. Evaluations have been mostly positive, and it is intended that such reflections might be helpful to other higher education institutions, local authorities and schools in informing the development of their curricula. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Our model is embedded in face‐to‐face learning which is led by four professionals from relevant disciplines’Key Practitioner Messages

Safeguarding and child protection training is a vital aspect of education for trainee teachers.
An interprofessional team including a teacher, children's nurse, police officer and social worker is able to model respectful collaboration and communication required for professional practice in this area.
Trainee teachers appreciated meeting the range of professionals in the training context as it enabled them to discuss issues of concern in a safe environment.
Self‐Tuning PI Control Using Adaptive PSO of a Web Transport System with Overlapping Decentralized Control
Authors: Nishida Takeshi , Sakamoto Tetsuzo , Giannoccaro Nicola Ivan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWeb transport systems for transporting films, textile material, paper, etc., are usually large‐scale systems. The velocity and the tension of the web are controlled by dividing the systems into several subsystems in which strong coupling exists between the velocity and tension control. A self‐tuning PI (STPI) controller with an estimator based on a novel adaptive particle swarm optimization method is constructed, and it is applied for controlling an actual web transport system. The controllers are designed on the basis of the methodology of the overlapping decentralized control by taking into consideration online executions performed by a general computer. The effectiveness of the constructed control system is verified on the basis of several experimental results obtained by using an actual experimental web transport system. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(1): 56–65, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22366
Association Rules for Fraud Detection
Authors: Tackett James A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA recent study reported that businesses normally lose 5% of their revenues to fraud each year—with the median loss for occupational fraud set at $140,000. But finding fraud is tough: 87% of the perpetrators have never been previously charged with a fraud‐related offense. And budgetary cutbacks are another obstacle for internal auditors, who are continuously being asked to do more with less. Computerized records offer greater accuracy and efficiency, but investigators can find themselves drowning in a sea of digital data. So fraud investigators need a practical way of finding the proverbial “needle in a haystack” clue that will lead them to the perpetrators. The author suggests one solution: association rules (AR), a data‐mining technique that can help auditors find fraud when they are not sure where to search. He explains how auditors can use AR to find patterns and relationships that would otherwise go unnoticed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dried cervical spots for human papillomaviruses identification
Authors: Charbonneau Valérie , Garrigue Isabelle , Jaquet Antoine , Horo Apollinaire , Minga Albert , Recordon‐Pinson Patricia , Dabis François , Fleury Hervé 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFinancial and operational constraints limit low‐resource countries in the screening of high‐risk genital human papillomaviruses (HR‐HPV), the etiological agents of cervical cancer. With its simple storage, conservation and shipping, dried cervical sample (DCS) could represent an efficient tool. The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability of HPV genotyping from DCS. Cervical samples were obtained from 50 women infected with HIV‐1 in Côte d'Ivoire. After DNA extraction from both DCS and matched liquid cervical samples (LCS), HPV genotyping was performed and the concordance of genotyping results was evaluated. HPV prevalence was 88% in LCS and 78% in DCS. Kappa statistic was 0.51 for the presence of any genotype (95% confidence interval, 0.25–0.77) and 0.73 for HR‐HPV (0.45–0.99). Out of 50 samples, 45 were HPV‐positive for DCS and/or LCS, and HR‐HPV were detected in 37 samples (74%) with 36 HR‐HPV multiple infections. Any genotype and HR genotype identification was concordant/compatible in 86% (43/50) and 88% (44/50) of samples, respectively. In most instances, kappa statistics for detection of type‐specific HPV was over 0.6 (including HPV‐16, ‐18, ‐31, ‐33). An excellent agreement (kappa statistic ≥ 0.81) was found for eight genotypes (HPV‐6, ‐31, ‐35, ‐40, ‐56, ‐58, ‐66, and ‐82). In spite of interfering factors (multiple infections, different HPV loads, amplification competition, different inputs), DCS and LCS led to concordant/compatible results in most cases. DCS could represent an efficient tool for epidemiological field studies in resource‐limited settings, and more importantly for improving the screening coverage and care management in women infected with HPV. J. Med. Virol. 85:1222–1228, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic diversity of genotype D3 in acute hepatitis B
Authors: Alestig Erik , Söderström Ann , Norkrans Gunnar , Lindh Magnus 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAcute hepatitis B related to injection drug use is often caused by HBV‐D3, a subgenotype that probably was introduced in Western Europe in the 1960s. The aim of this study was to describe genetic change over time in injection drug use‐related HBV‐D3 in one geographic area. Fourteen complete genomes and partial genomic regions of 17 HBV strains of subgenotype D3 causing acute (n = 30) or chronic (n = 1) hepatitis B at different time points between 1975 and 2009 were investigated. The 14 complete genomes clustered in phylogenetic trees on a sub‐branch of HBV‐D3 along with a few published sequences with high bootstrap values. In contrast, the phylogenetic tree topology based on nucleotides coding for surface antigen or core was uncertain with bootstrap values below 70% or lower. Variation of nucleotides coding for amino acids 125, 136, and 143 in the a determinant of HBsAg was however linked to complete genome phylogeny, indicating that these codons might be useful as markers for clades. The results show that knowledge about circulating strains is critical for the interpretation of molecular epidemiology investigations. The low degree of genetic change over time of HBV‐D3 in the studied groups suggests that outbreaks of acute hepatitis B in injection drug users might originate from a limited number of individuals with chronic infection. Classification based on core or S region phylogeny obtained poor support from bootstrap values, but the presence of clade‐specific amino acid substitutions suggests that the S region may be useful for subgenomic molecular epidemiology of HBV. J. Med. Virol. 85:1148–1154, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.