bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new parasitic isopod of the family Cymothoidae from clupeid fishes of Lake Tanganyika—a further Lake Tanganyika enigma
Authors: Fryer Geoffrey 
Published: October 2012

A new cymothoid isopod which parasitizes clupeid fishes in Lake Tanganyika is described. That this species is a protandrous hermaphrodite is demonstrated. There are also indications that transformation from the male to the female phase may occur at different stages of development in different individuals.Two isopods with distinctly marine affinities are now known from Lake Tanganyika but it is not certain that they are derived from a common ancestor. The marine‐like facies of the Lake Tanganyika fauna is therefore enhanced but, although no proven explanation of the facts of distribution can be given, Moore's theory that the lake is a remnant of an ancient sea is not revived.
Studies in situ on the neurosecretory system of the earthworm, Pheretima posthuma
Authors: Dogra G. S. 
Published: October 2012

The neurosecretory system of the earthworm, Pheretima posthuma, has been studied by PF, PATh and PAVB bulk‐stained preparations and sections. There are three types (a, b and c) of neurosecretory cells in the cerebral ganglion, suboesophageal ganglion and the nerve cord ganglia. Axons of a‐ and b‐cells are observed in toto in the cerebral and the suboesophageal ganglions. The axons are short and their axonal ends are bulb‐like. While the axons of the neurosecretory cells of the cerebral ganglion remain directed ventrally, those of the suboesophageal ganglion converge in a small area. This area has been considered as the neurohaemal organ, but of an elementary type.In the cerebral ganglion b‐cells exhibit a vacuolated cytoplasm. Vacuoles of varying size and number have been observed in those cells whose perikarya are loaded heavily with NSM. The vacuoles and the associated neurosecretory material extrude from the cell after rupturing the cell wall and the released material, associated with the vacuoles, is observed in the form of discrete bodies between the neurosecretory cells. After traversing the intercellular spaces the NSM accumulates on the ventral surface of the cerebral ganglion and some material is found to extend towards the suboesophageal ganglion, via the circumoesophageal connectives. It is suggested that a part of the NSM is absorbed into the blood vessels in the region of the cerebral ganglion and the remainder in the region of the suboesophageal ganglion; but the mechanism by which the liberated material is absorbed in the blood has not been determined. Thus in Pheretima there are two neurosecretory pathways—intracellular and intercellular—for the transportation of NSM elaborated by the perikaryon.
Prediction of fetal base excess values at birth using an algorithm to interpret fetal heart rate tracings: a retrospective validation
Authors: Uccella S , Cromi A , Colombo GF , Agosti M , Bogani G , Casarin J , Ghezzi F 
Published: October 2012

Objective  To evaluate whether a standardised algorithm to interpret fetal heart rate (FHR) tracings during the entire length of labour can predict umbilical artery base excess at birth, and to investigate its inter‐ and intra‐observer reproducibility.Design  Retrospective study.Setting  Obstetrics and gynaecology department at a tertiary referral centre in a university hospital.Population  Group 1: 152 consecutive, generally low‐risk, labouring women. Group 2: mixed group of 30 women who delivered a fetus with pH < 7.00 and 30 women who delivered a fetus with pH ≥ 7.00.Methods  Intrapartum FHR tracings were retrospectively and blindly evaluated by two independent assessors using an algorithm proposed by Ross and Gala to predict fetal base excess at birth.Main outcome measures  The accuracy in predicting the base excess values of newborns was expressed as the proportion of FHR tracings in which the operator was able to correctly calculate the actual base excess at birth (approximation of ±2 mmol/l). Inter‐ and intra‐observer reproducibility were estimated using the Pearson correlation coefficient.Results  In the group of 152 low‐risk labouring women, the two assessors correctly predicted the umbilical artery base excess in 73.1 and 76.3% of cases, respectively. Inter‐observer (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.75) and intra‐observer (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.80 and 0.82 for the first and second assessor, respectively) reproducibility was very good. In the 30 fetuses that were acidemic, the first and second observers correctly predicted base excess values in 23 (76.7%) and 21 (70%) cases, respectively (inter‐observer reproducibility, Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.72).Conclusions  The algorithm proposed by Ross and Gala may be a valuable tool to estimate changes in umbilical base excess during active labour, with a high inter‐ and intra‐observer reproducibility.
Validation of Karolinska Exhaustion Scale: psychometric properties of a measure of exhaustion syndrome
Authors: Saboonchi Fredrik , Perski Aleksander , Grossi Giorgio 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe syndrome of exhaustion is currently a medical diagnosis in Sweden. The description of the syndrome largely corresponds to the suggested core component of burnout, that is exhaustion. Karolinska Exhaustion Scale (KES) has been constructed to provide specific assessment of exhaustion in clinical and research settings.AimThe purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of this scale in its original and revised versions by examining the factorial structure and measures of convergent and discriminant validity.MethodsData gathered from two independent samples (n1 = 358 & n2 = 403) consisting of patients diagnosed with ‘reaction to severe stress, and adjustment disorder’ were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. The study's instruments were Karolinska Exhaustion Scale and Shirom Melam Burnout Measure. Correlation analyses were employed to follow up the established factorial structure of the scale. The study was ethically approved by Karolinska Institute regional ethic committee.ResultsThe findings demonstrated adequate fit of the data to the measurement model provided by the revised version of KES Limitations: The main limitation of the present study is the lack of a gold standard of exhaustion for direct comparison with KES. (KES‐26) and partially supported convergent validity and discriminant validity of the scale.ConclusionThe demonstrated psychometric properties of KES‐26 indicate sound construct validity for this scale encouraging use of this scale in assessment of exhaustion. The factorial structure of KES‐26 may also be used to provide information concerning possible different clinical profiles.
Randomized clinical trial of three‐layer tubular bandaging system for venous leg ulcers
Authors: Weller Carolina D. , Evans Sue M. , Staples Margaret P. , Aldons Pat , McNeil John J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe safety and efficacy of three‐layer (3L) tubular bandaging as a treatment for venous ulcer healing has not been evaluated despite its use in many clinical settings to treat people with venous leg ulcers. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of 3L tubular bandage compared with short‐stretch compression bandage to heal venous ulcers in a multicenter, open‐label, parallel‐group, randomized controlled trial. We randomized 45 patients with venous leg ulcers of up to 20 cm2 area and an ankle brachial pressure index of >0.8 from hospital outpatient wound clinics in Victoria and Queensland, Australia. We measured time to healing and percentage reduction of wound size from baseline to week 12. Secondary outcomes were proportion of ulcers healed, self‐reported compliance of compression bandage, and health‐related quality of life, costs, recurrence rates, and adverse events. A total of 27 ulcers healed, the proportion of healed ulcers was higher for the 3L group (17/23 [74%] vs. 10/22 [46%]) (p = 0.05). Reported bandage tolerance at all treatment visits was 21 (91%) in 3L group vs. 17 (73%) (p = 0.10). There was no difference between the groups in adverse events. Costs were substantially less in 3L group.
Periictal cerebral tissue hypoxemia: A potential marker of SUDEP risk
Authors: Moseley Brian D. , Britton Jeffrey W. , Nelson Cindy , Lee Ricky W. , So Elson 
Published: October 2012

SummaryCerebral oximetry has not been explored in patients experiencing seizures in the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the feasibility of periictal measurement of cerebral oxygenation using noninvasive cerebral tissue oximetry and to determine whether there was evidence of cerebral hypoxemia during generalized seizures. Cerebral oxygen saturation findings were subsequently correlated with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) risk factors. We prospectively evaluated six patients admitted to our EMU with histories of generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS) with prolonged scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and two regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) sensors. Minimum rSO2 values were recorded in the 5 min preceding seizure onset, during the seizure, and in the 5 min following seizure offset. SUDEP risk was assessed using the SUDEP‐7 Inventory. Cerebral oximetry was well tolerated, with a mean duration of rSO2 monitoring of 81.1 h. Cerebral oxygen saturation data were available from at least one sensor in 9 (90%) of 10 seizures; only 6 (60%) of 10 seizures had useable periictal digital pulse oximetry data. GTCS were associated with significantly lower minimum ictal (p = 0.003) and postictal (p = 0.004) %rSO2 values than the minimum preictal value. Patients with at least one seizure with a %rSO2 decrease of ≥20% tended to have higher SUDEP‐7 Inventory scores (mean SUDEP‐7 Inventory score 7 ± 2.8) versus patients without recorded desaturations (4.3 ± 0.5, p = 0.08). Larger studies are needed to determine the value of cerebral oximetry in the identification of patients at risk of SUDEP.
Finding a better drug for epilepsy: Antiepileptogenesis targets
Authors: Kobow Katja , Auvin Stéphane , Jensen Frances , Löscher Wolfgang , Mody Istvan , Potschka Heidrun , Prince David , Sierra Alejandra , Simonato Michele , Pitkänen Asla , Nehlig Astrid , Rho Jong M. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryFor several decades, both in vitro and in vivo models of seizures and epilepsy have been employed to unravel the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the occurrence of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS)—the defining hallmark of the epileptic brain. However, despite great advances in our understanding of seizure genesis, investigators have yet to develop reliable biomarkers and surrogate markers of the epileptogenic process. Sadly, the pathogenic mechanisms that produce the epileptic condition, especially after precipitating events such as head trauma, inflammation, or prolonged febrile convulsions, are poorly understood. A major challenge has been the inherent complexity and heterogeneity of known epileptic syndromes and the differential genetic susceptibilities exhibited by patients at risk. Therefore, it is unlikely that there is only one fundamental pathophysiologic mechanism shared by all the epilepsies. Identification of antiepileptogenesis targets has been an overarching goal over the last decade, as current anticonvulsant medications appear to influence only the acute process of ictogenesis. Clearly, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic interventions that are disease modifying—therapies that either completely or partially prevent the emergence of SRS. An important secondary goal is to develop new treatments that can also lessen the burden of epilepsy comorbidities (e.g., cognitive impairment, mood disorders) by preventing or reducing the deleterious changes during the epileptogenic process. This review summarizes novel antiepileptogenesis targets that were critically discussed at the XIth Workshop on the Neurobiology of Epilepsy (WONOEP XI) meeting in Grottaferrata, Italy. Further, emerging neurometabolic links among several target mechanisms and highlights of the panel discussion are presented.
Absolute versus Relative Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Bjørn Anders , Hauschild Michael Z. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThe cradle‐to‐cradle (C2C) concept has emerged as an alternative to the more established eco‐efficiency concept based on life cycle assessment (LCA). The two concepts differ fundamentally in that eco‐efficiency aims to reduce the negative environmental footprint of human activities while C2C attempts to increase the positive footprint. This article discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each concept and suggests how they may learn from each other. The eco‐efficiency concept involves no long‐term vision or strategy, the links between resource consumption and waste emissions are not well related to the sustainability state, and increases in eco‐efficiency may lead to increases in consumption levels and hence overall impact. The C2C concept's disregard for energy efficiency means that many current C2C products will likely not perform well in an LCA. Inherent drawbacks are restrictions on the development of new materials posed by the ambition of continuous loop recycling, the perception that human interactions with nature can benefit all parts of all ecosystems, and the hinted compatibility with continued economic growth. Practitioners of eco‐efficiency can benefit from the visions of C2C to avoid a narrow‐minded focus on the eco‐efficiency of products that are inherently unsustainable. Moreover, resource efficiency and positive environmental effects could be included more strongly in LCA. Practitioners of C2C on the other hand should recognize the value of LCA in addressing trade‐offs between resource conservation and energy use. Also, when designing a “healthy emission” it should be recognized that it will often have an adverse effect on parts of the exposed ecosystem.
Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment in a Case of Eagle’s Syndrome
Authors: Mollinedo Fernando T. , Esteban Sonia L. T. , Vega Cristina G. , Orcasitas Ana C. , Maguregi Antón A. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract  Eagle (Arch Otolaryngol. 1937;25:584 and Arch Otolaryngol. 1949;49:490) first identified elongation of the styloid process and ossification of the stylohyoid ligament as a cause of orofacial pain. The elongated styloid process presses on the internal carotid artery and adjacent structures, including branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve and this produce orofacial pain. Some authors define an elongated styloid process as longer than 4 cm because this length is associated with an increase in the incidence of Eagle’s syndrome. The syndrome is diagnosed by exclusion (Walkman SD. Atlas of Uncommon Pain Syndromes. Philadelphia: Elsevier Science; 2003), and the diagnosis is confirmed by radiological studies and computed tomography. Treatment can be divided into medical, interventional, and surgical techniques.We report a patient with symptoms of glossopharyngeal neuralgia, who was diagnosed with Eagle’s syndrome on the basis of diagnostic imaging. The length of the stylohyoid process was 63 mm on the left side and 64 mm on the right. Treatment was performed by applying pulsed radiofrequency to the glossopharyngeal nerve with satisfactory results. The technique was performed twice on an outpatient basis, produced no complications or side effects, and proved effective in the short and medium term in decreasing the intensity of pain.
Changing Health Outcomes of Vulnerable Populations Through Nursing's Influence on Neighborhood Built Environment: A Framework for Nursing Research
Authors: DeGuzman Pamela B. , Kulbok Pamela A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this article is to present a framework for nurses to study the impact of built environment on health, particularly in vulnerable populations.Organizing Construct: The framework is adapted from Social Determinants of Health and Environmental Health Promotion, a framework describing how physical and social environments interact to influence individual and population health and health disparities via macro, community‐level, and interpersonal factors.Methods: The original framework was modified for public health nursing using nursing research evaluating built environment and health, and supplemented with Nightingale's theory of nursing and health.Findings: The built environment affects health through regional‐, neighborhood‐, and individual‐level factors. Nursing can affect the health of patients by evaluating the neighborhood built environment where patients reside, and by advocating for changes to the built environment.Conclusions: Through development of built environment research, nurses can provide valuable insight into the pathways linking built environment to health of vulnerable populations, providing evidence for public health nurses to advocate for these changes on a neighborhood, state, and federal level.Clinical Relevance: This framework can be used by public health clinicians to understand the pathways by which the built environment may be affecting the health of their patients, and by researchers to investigate the pathways, and to design and test community interventions.
A Scoping Review Identifying Contemporary Issues in Rural Nursing Leadership
Authors: Bish Melanie , Kenny Amanda , Nay Rhonda 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose: Rural nurse leaders on a global scale are being challenged to create structures and processes to enable excellence in nursing care. The purpose of this scoping review is to offer an indication of the available literature relating to contemporary issues in rural nursing leadership. A review of contemporary issues facing rural nurse leaders is timely to assist strategy development that will achieve the goal of excellence in nursing.Organizing Construct: An interpretative scoping literature review methodological framework has been used with an emphasis on thematic construction.Method: Literature published between 2008 and 2012 was reviewed from five electronic databases using the key words rural, nursing, and leadership.Findings: Four themes have been identified: expectations of rural nursing leadership, a highly educated workforce, competing interests, and partnering within rural healthcare systems.Conclusions: The content may resonate with rural nurse leaders and encourage a greater awareness of their relevance to leadership practices.Clinical Relevance: The findings provide a greater awareness and understanding of contemporary issues facing rural nurse leaders and may assist with the development of context‐sensitive leadership strategies to facilitate excellence in nursing care.
The Contemporary Construction of Nurse Empowerment
Authors: Rao Aditi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose: (a) To describe how nursing's construction of the concept of empowerment has selectively shaped the manner in which this concept has been applied to nursing professional practice and (b) to explicate clearly the breadth of the concept by highlighting the complex interactions that shape nurse empowerment.Design and Methods: This integrative literature review analyzes academic literature published between 1960 and 2010 in the fields of nursing, management, and women's studies utilizing an evolutionary concept analysis method to explore the concept of nurse empowerment.Findings: While the literature suggests that empowerment is an emergent product of interactions among individual, organizational, and sociocultural factors, nursing has adopted a construction of empowerment that focuses primarily on organizational antecedents. This construction has enabled nursing to operationalize the concept in order to address a number of pressing challenges. Yet, this construction only limitedly addresses the individual and sociocultural factors that impact nurses’ empowerment.Conclusions: In order to promote professional practice through the mobilization of power, scholarship must further investigate the complex interactions producing empowerment.Clinical Relevance: For nurses to practice as professionals, they must be empowered to take action and respond to challenges using professional skill and knowledge. Unless nurses feel empowered to act, they will rely too heavily on rigid bureaucratic structures rather than their own professional power to guide practice.
TEM Observations on 0.65Pb(Zr0.42Ti0.58)O3‐0.35Pb(Ni0.33Nb0.67)O3 Ceramics with CuO Additive
Authors: Kim Young Heon , Ryu Hyun , Cho Yang‐Koo , Lee Hwack‐Joo , Nahm Sahn 
Published: October 2012

The microstructural properties and the chemical compositions of a 0.65Pb(Zr0.42Ti0.58)O3‐0.35Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3 (0.65PZT58‐0.35PNN) ceramic system sintered at 900°C for 4 h with 10 mol% CuO additives were studied using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). CuO pockets were found as new microstructural constituents. The liquid phase has formed by the partial melting of CuO additives at the sintering temperature by reacting with Pb element in the matrix. The reaction started at the interfaces and then proceeded into the pocket through the diffusion of the Pb element. The presence of the Pb‐rich precipitates during cooling was confirmed by EDS analyses. Cu‐rich crystals in the pocket were observed near the boundaries between the matrix grain and the pocket. Rather smaller Pb‐Cu‐O‐contained particle segments were detected around the center of the pocket, demonstrating that the reaction of melting of CuO has occurred with the Pb element which was diffused from the matrix. Due to the existence of the liquid phase, a dense microstructure was achieved during the sintering process and abnormal grain growth occurred in the process.
High Power Characteristics of Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Ceramics
Authors: Lee Hyeong Jae , Ural Seyit O. , Chen Lei , Uchino Kenji , Zhang Shujun 
Published: October 2012

High power characteristics of lead‐free (Bi,Na)TiO3 (BNT) and BaTiO3 (BT)‐based piezoceramics were investigated and compared to commercial “hard” Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 PZT materials. Acceptor‐modified BNT and BT‐based ceramics showed typical “hardening” characteristics, exhibiting high mechanical quality factor Qm > 800 and low dielectric loss, <0.01, comparable to “hard” PZT ceramics. Of particular significance is that BNT‐based ceramics were found to exhibit minimal variation of resonance frequency shift and high Qm under high level vibration velocity, being ~0.6% and ~800 at 0.25 m/s, respectively, due to the high domain stability associated with their high coercive fields, being on the order of 35 kV/cm.
Structural Characterization and Mechanical Evaluation of Bioactive Glass 45S5 Foams Obtained by a Powder Technology Approach
Authors: Aguilar‐Reyes Ena A. , León‐Patiño Carlos A. , Jacinto‐Diaz Benito , Lefebvre Louis‐Philippe 
Published: October 2012

Bioactive glass 45S5 foams were produced using a powder technology process developed by The National Research Council Canada–Industrial Materials Institute. NRC–IMI's proprietary process, combining powder technology and polymer foam technique, allows the production of materials having different structures and properties. It can be used to produce components into various forms, such as fully porous bodies or coatings on solid structures. During foaming, the foaming agent is decomposed and expands the binder‐bioactive glass suspension. Then, the binder is burnt out by heating the sample at 500°C and finally the bioactive glass particle network is sintered to consolidate the material. Foams sintered at various temperatures were characterized from a microstructural and mechanical point of view. The foam structure and properties are affected by the sintering temperature when it is varied between 950°C and 1025°C. Foams exhibited open porosity (64%–79%) and pore size (335–530 μm) optimal for bone ingrowth. In all cases, the glass crystallized during sintering and the material was mostly composed of Na6Ca3Si6O18 and Na2Ca4(PO4)2SiO4 phases. The mechanical strength increased from 1.7 to 5.5 MPa while the density of the material increased from 0.56 to 0.97 g/cm3.