bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy of Simultaneous Breast Reconstruction and Contralateral Balancing Procedures in Reducing the Need for Second Stage Operations
Authors: Smith Mark L , Clarke-Pearson Emily M , Vornovitsky Michael , Dayan Joseph H , Samson William , Sultan Mark R 
Published: September 2014

Background Patients having unilateral breast reconstruction often require a second stage procedure on the contralateral breast to improve symmetry. In order to provide immediate symmetry and minimize the frequency and extent of secondary procedures, we began performing simultaneous contralateral balancing operations at the time of initial reconstruction. This study examines the indications, safety, and efficacy of this approach.Methods One-hundred and two consecutive breast reconstructions with simultaneous contralateral balancing procedures were identified. Data included patient age, body mass index (BMI), type of reconstruction and balancing procedure, specimen weight, transfusion requirement, complications and additional surgery under anesthesia. Unpaired t-tests were used to compare BMI, specimen weight and need for non-autologous transfusion.Results Average patient age was 48 years. The majority had autologous tissue-only reconstructions (94%) and the rest prosthesis-based reconstructions (6%). Balancing procedures included reduction mammoplasty (50%), mastopexy (49%), and augmentation mammoplasty (1%). Average BMI was 27 and average reduction specimen was 340 grams. Non-autologous blood transfusion rate was 9%. There was no relationship between BMI or reduction specimen weight and need for transfusion. We performed secondary surgery in 24% of the autologous group and 100% of the prosthesis group. Revision rate for symmetry was 13% in the autologous group and 17% in the prosthesis group.Conclusions Performing balancing at the time of breast reconstruction is safe and most effective in autologous reconstructions, where 87% did not require a second operation for symmetry.
Through Knee Amputation: Technique Modifications and Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Albino Frank P , Seidel Rachel , Brown Benjamin J , Crone Charles G , Attinger Christopher E 
Published: September 2014

Background Knee disarticulations (KD) are most commonly employed following trauma or tumor resection but represent less than 2% of all lower extremity amputations performed in the United States annually. KDs provide enhanced proprioception, a long lever arm, preservation of adductor muscle insertion, decreased metabolic cost of ambulation, and an end weight-bearing stump. The role for KDs in the setting of arterial insufficiency or overwhelming infection is less clear. The purpose of this study is to describe technique modifications and report surgical outcomes following KDs at a high-volume Limb Salvage Center.Methods A retrospective study of medical records for all patients who underwent a through-knee amputation performed by the senior author (C.E.A.) between 2004 and 2012 was completed. Medical records were reviewed to collect demographic, operative, and postoperative information for each of the patients identified.Results Between 2004 and 2012, 46 through-knee amputations for 41 patients were performed. The mean patient age was 68 and indications for surgery included infection (56%), arterial thrombosis (35%), and trauma (9%). Postoperative complications included superficial cellulitis (13%), soft tissue infection (4%), and flap ischemia (4%) necessitating one case of surgical debridement (4%) and four trans-femoral amputations (9%). 9 (22%) patients went on to ambulate. Postoperative ambulation was greatest in the traumatic cohort and for patients less than 50 years of age, P<0.05. Alternatively, diabetes mellitus and infection reduced the likelihood of postoperative ambulation, P<0.01.Conclusions Knee disarticulations are a safe and effective alternative to other lower extremity amputations when clinically feasible. For patient unlikely to ambulate, a through-knee amputation maximizes ease of transfers, promotes mobility by providing a counterbalance, and eliminates the potential for knee flexion contracture with subsequent skin breakdown.
Muscle-Sparing Blepharoplasty: A Prospective Left-Right Comparative Study
Authors: Kiang Lee , Deptula Peter , Mazhar Momal , Murariu Daniel , Parsa Fereydoun Don 
Published: September 2014

Background Standard upper blepharoplasty involves removal of both the skin and a portion of the underlying orbicularis oculi muscle. The senior author had observed sluggishness of eyelid closure, lagophthalmos as well as varying degrees of eye irritation in certain patients during the early postoperative period. He postulated that these findings could be due to orbicularis muscle excision. He therefore undertook a prospective study 27 years ago comparing standard blepharoplasty on one eyelid to skin-only excision on the fellow eyelid.
Methods A randomized, prospective, single-blinded study was designed using the fellow eye as an internal control. 22 patients undergoing upper blepharoplasty procedure requiring greater than 5 mm of skin resection and with no history of ophthalmologic disease, dry eye, or previous eyelid surgery were selected. Upper blepharoplasty was performed with skin-only removal on one side, and combined skin-muscle removal on the other side. Patients were evaluated until six months after surgery except for two patients who were lost to follow-up after three months. Sluggish eyelid closure, lagophthalmos, dry eye and aesthetic result were outcome measures scored by patient survey, the operating surgeon, and a blinded expert panel.
Results There were comparable aesthetic outcomes in both eyelids. The incidence of sluggish eyelid closure, lagophthalmos and dry eye syndrome were significantly higher in eyelids where wide segments of muscle had been resected.
Conclusions Muscle-sparing upper blepharoplasty produces similar aesthetic outcomes as conventional blepharoplasty, while significantly reducing the complications of sluggish eyelid closure, lagophthalmos and dry eye disease. The authors therefore recommend muscle-sparing upper blepharoplasty.
Assimilating SMOS sea ice thickness into a coupled ice‐ocean model using a local SEIK filter
Authors: Yang Qinghua , Losa Svetlana N. , Losch Martin , Tian‐Kunze Xiangshan , Nerger Lars , Liu Jiping , Kaleschke Lars , Zhang Zhanhai 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe impact of assimilating sea ice thickness data derived from ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite together with Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) sea ice concentration data of the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) in a coupled sea ice‐ocean model is examined. A period of 3 months from 1 November 2011 to 31 January 2012 is selected to assess the forecast skill of the assimilation system. The 24 h forecasts and longer forecasts are based on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm), and the assimilation is performed by a localized Singular Evolutive Interpolated Kalman (LSEIK) filter. For comparison, the assimilation is repeated only with the SSMIS sea ice concentrations. By running two different assimilation experiments, and comparing with the unassimilated model, independent satellite‐derived data, and in situ observation, it is shown that the SMOS ice thickness assimilation leads to improved thickness forecasts. With SMOS thickness data, the sea ice concentration forecasts also agree better with observations, although this improvement is smaller.
A two‐phase mechanical model for rock‐ice avalanches
Authors: Pudasaini Shiva P. , Krautblatter Michael 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRock‐ice avalanche events are among the most hazardous natural disasters in the last century. In contrast to rock avalanches, the solid phase (ice) can transform to fluid during the course of the rock‐ice avalanche and fundamentally alter mechanical processes. A real two‐phase debris flow model could better address the dynamic interaction of solid (rock and ice) and fluid (water, snow, slurry, and fine particles) than presently used single‐phase Voellmy‐ or Coulomb‐type models. We present a two‐phase model capable of performing dynamic strength weakening due to internal fluidization and basal lubrication and internal mass and momentum exchanges between the phases. Effective basal and internal friction angles are variable and correspond to evolving effective solid volume fraction, friction factors, volume fraction of the ice, true friction coefficients, and lubrication and fluidization factors. Benchmark numerical simulations demonstrate that the two‐phase model can explain dynamically changing frictional properties of rock‐ice avalanches that occur internally and along the flow path. The interphase mass and momentum exchanges are capable of demonstrating the mechanics of frontal surge head and multiple other surges in the debris body. This is an observed phenomenon in a real two‐phase debris flow, but newly simulated here by applying the two‐phase mass flow model. Mass and momentum exchanges between the phases and the associated internal and basal strength weakening control the exceptional long runout distances, provide a more realistic simulation especially during the critical initial and propagation stages of avalanche, and explain the exceptionally high and dynamically changing mobility of rock‐ice avalanches.
Predicting work‐related incidence of lateral and medial epicondylitis using the strain index
Authors: Fan Z. Joyce , Bao Stephen , Silverstein Barbara A. , Howard Ninica L. , Smith Caroline K. , Bonauto Dave K. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundThe Strain Index (SI) has been developed to evaluate the risk for developing a distal upper extremity disorder. The objective of this study is to determine if the SI predicts incidence cases of work‐related lateral, medial, or any epicondylities (LEPI, MEPI, and EPI).MethodsSix hundred seven workers were followed for up to 3.5 years, 70 developed EPI on the dominant side (44 LEPI, 13 MEPI, and 13 both). Survival analyses were conducted adjusting for demographic, psychosocial, and work organizational factors, with the SI as time‐dependent variable.ResultsHigh exposure (SI > 5), older age, and self‐perceived poor general health were associated with incidence of LEPI and EPI, but not MEPI. There was a significant relationship between higher scores of SI and LEPI, hazard ratio (HR) 2.00 (95% CI 1.04–3.87) for SI 5.1–12, HR 2.12 (95% CI 1.11–4.05) for SI > 12.ConclusionsThe SI can effectively identify jobs with increased risk of developing incidence of LEPI. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:1319–1330, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coastal, valley, and oasis interaction: Impact on the evolution of ancient populations in the South Central Andes
Authors: Varela Héctor H. , Cocilovo Jose A. , Fuchs María L. , O'Brien Tyler G. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe existing biocultural links are analyzed among ancient inhabitants of the Cochabamba valleys (Bolivia) from the Formative and Tiwanaku periods, coastal and inland Azapa region (Chile) from the Late Archaic to the Late periods, and the Atacama Desert oases (Chile) from the Formative period to the time of European contact. Craniometric information obtained from a sample of 565 individuals from different sites of the studied regions was evaluated using methods derived from quantitative genetics and multivariate statistical analysis techniques. It is shown that during the Formative and Tiwanaku periods inhabitants of the Cochabamba valleys maintained contact with the population of northern Chile. This contact was more fluid with the people from the interior valley of Azapa than it was with the settlers of San Pedro Atacama (SPA). An important biological affinity in the Late Period between the inhabitants of the Azapa valley and the late SPA groups is also examined. The Late‐Inca Catarpe SPA sample shows a broad genetic variability shared with the majority of the groups studied. The results reaffirm the differences between the coastal and interior Azapa valley groups and strengthen the hypothesis of two pathways to populating the south central Andean area. The divergence observed among subpopulations can be explained by the spatiotemporal dispersion between them, genetic drift dispersion compensated by the action of gene flow, and cultural norms that regulate within group mating. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:591–599, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinematics of primate midfoot flexibility
Authors: Greiner Thomas M. , Ball Kevin A. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis study describes a unique assessment of primate intrinsic foot joint kinematics based upon bone pin rigid cluster tracking. It challenges the assumption that human evolution resulted in a reduction of midfoot flexibility, which has been identified in other primates as the “midtarsal break.” Rigid cluster pins were inserted into the foot bones of human, chimpanzee, baboon, and macaque cadavers. The positions of these bone pins were monitored during a plantarflexion‐dorsiflexion movement cycle. Analysis resolved flexion‐extension movement patterns and the associated orientation of rotational axes for the talonavicular, calcaneocuboid, and lateral cubometatarsal joints. Results show that midfoot flexibility occurs primarily at the talonavicular and cubometatarsal joints. The rotational magnitudes are roughly similar between humans and chimps. There is also a similarity among evaluated primates in the observed rotations of the lateral cubometatarsal joint, but there was much greater rotation observed for the talonavicular joint, which may serve to differentiate monkeys from the hominines. It appears that the capability for a midtarsal break is present within the human foot. A consideration of the joint axes shows that the medial and lateral joints have opposing orientations, which has been associated with a rigid locking mechanism in the human foot. However, the potential for this same mechanism also appears in the chimpanzee foot. These findings demonstrate a functional similarity within the midfoot of the hominines. Therefore, the kinematic capabilities and restrictions for the skeletal linkages of the human foot may not be as unique as has been previously suggested. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:610–620, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neutral nuclear variation inBaboons (genusPapio) provides insights into their evolutionary and demographic histories
Authors: Boissinot Stéphane , Alvarez Lauren , Giraldo‐Ramirez Juliana , Tollis Marc 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBaboons (genusPapio) are distributed over most of sub‐Saharan Africa and in the southern portion of the Arabian Peninsula. Six distinct morphotypes, with clearly defined geographic distributions, are recognized (the olive, chacma, yellow, Guinea, Kinda, and hamadryas baboons). The evolutionary relationships among baboon forms have long been a controversial issue. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed that the modern baboon morphotypes are mitochondrially paraphyletic or polyphyletic. The discordance between mitochondrial lineages and morphology is indicative of extensive introgressive hybridization between ancestral baboon populations. To gain insights into the evolutionary relationships among morphotypes and their demographic history, we performed an analysis of nuclear variation in baboons. We sequenced 13 noncoding, putatively neutral, nuclear regions, and scored the presence/absence of 18 polymorphic transposable elements in a sample of 45 baboons belonging to five of the six recognized baboon forms. We found that the chacma baboon is the sister‐taxon to all other baboons and the yellow baboon is the sister‐taxon to an unresolved northern clade containing the olive, Guinea, and hamadryas baboons. We estimated that the diversification of baboons occurred entirely in the Pleistocene, the earliest split dating ∼1.5 million years ago, and that baboons have experienced relatively large and constant effective population sizes for most of their evolutionary history (∼30,000 to 95,000 individuals). Am J Phys Anthropol 155:621–634, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crystallization behavior and morphology of poly(lactic acid) with a novel nucleating agent
Authors: Zou Guo‐Xiang , Jiao Qing‐Wei , Zhang Xin , Zhao Cai‐Xia , Li Jin‐Chun 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTTo improve the crystallization ability of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a novel nucleating agent with a benzoyl hydrazine compound was used in this study. The crystallization behaviors of PLA/talc and PLA/bibenzoylhydrazinepropane (BBP) with or without poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy. The DSC curves showed that the crystallization temperature and crystallinity of PLA/BBP (PBBP) was higher than that of PLA/talc. With the addition of PEG, a synergistic effect was found. According to the results of nonisothermal crystallization kinetics, the values of F(T) of PBBP0.5PEG5 were usually smaller than those of PTa3PEG5, so the nucleation efficiency of BBP was much better than that of talc. From a polarized optical microscopy photo, it was easy to determine that the nucleation density of BBP was higher than that of PTa3PEG5, and the spherulitic diameter increased linearly with the crystallization time no matter the impingements. The spherulitic growth rate of PBBP0.5PEG5 was faster than that of PTa3PEG5, and the induction time of PBBP0.5PEG5 was the shortest among all of the samples. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41367.
The influence of fatty alcohol ether phosphate salt on carbon fiber's dispersion property
Authors: Cui Ying , Zheng Guo , Wu Bo , Sun Yu , Wu Bingyang 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe influence of fatty alcohol ether phosphate salt on the dispersion property of carbon fiber in oil material is assessed by the settling time, the turbidity and the dispersant condition of carbon fiber in oil material, and the surface morphologic structure and chemical composition of carbon fiber before and after leaching silk are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope, scanning tunneling microscope, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Experiments show that fatty alcohol ether phosphate salt can improve the dispersion of carbon fiber in oil material significantly, and the optimum leaching silk concentration of fatty alcohol ether phosphate salt is 0.3%, while dispersants would spread over on the surface of carbon fiber evenly and the maximum turbidity value and the longest settlement time is 1.081 NTU and 28 min, respectively. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41470.
Improving wet strength of soy protein films using oxidized sucrose
Authors: Liu Linyun , Chen Zhize , Wang Bijia , Yang Yiqi 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe chemical modification of soy protein isolate (SPI) with various amounts of oxidized sucrose was performed in this study. The poor mechanical properties and lack of hydrolysis resistance of SPI have limited its applications in various fields. Although chemical modification proved to be an effective method to enhance the properties of SPI films, current SPI modifiers are either expensive, toxic, or do not impart the satisfiable properties to the modified materials. In this research, the possibility of modification of SPI films using oxidized sucrose to improve their strength and stability was examined. At optimal conditions, oxidized sucrose‐modified SPI films showed about 50% higher wet strength than the control films. The melting temperature of modified SPI film was 26°C higher than the unmodified control. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 41473.
Structure and properties of aromatic poly(benzimidazole‐imide) copolymer fibers
Authors: Yin Chaoqing , Zhang Zixin , Dong Jie , Zhang Qinghua 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTA series of co‐polyimide fibers were prepared by thermal imidization of copolyamic acids derived from 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltertracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) in various molar ratios with 2‐(4‐aminophenyl)−5‐aminobenzimidazole (BIA). The dynamic mechanical behaviors of these polyimide (PI) fibers revealed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) was significantly improved upon increasing PMDA content. Heat‐drawing process led to dramatic change on the glass transition behavior of BPDA/BIA system, but had a small impact on BPDA/PMDA/BIA co‐polyimide fibers. This difference for PI fibers is attributed to the different degree of ordered structure of the fibers affected by heat‐drawing. The incorporation of PMDA obviously improved the dimensional stability against high temperature, due to the restricted movement of polymer chains. In addition, the obtained fibers show excellent mechanical and thermal properties because of the strong hydrogen bonding due to the incorporation of benzimidazole moieties. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41474.
Winning and losing: differences in reward and punishment sensitivity between smokers and nonsmokers
Authors: Martin Laura E. , Cox Lisa S. , Brooks William M. , Savage Cary R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundSmokers show increased brain activation in reward processing regions in response to smoking‐related cues, yet few studies have examined secondary rewards not associated with smoking (i.e., money). Inconsistencies exist in the studies that do examine secondary rewards with some studies showing increased brain activation in reward processing brain regions, while others show decreased activation or no difference in activation between smokers and nonsmokers.AimsThe goal of the current study is to see if smokers process the evaluation and delivery of equally salient real world rewards similarly or differently than nonsmokers.MethodsThe current study employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine brain responses in smokers and nonsmokers during the evaluation and delivery of monetary gains and losses.ResultsIn comparison to nonsmokers, smokers showed increased activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the evaluation of anticipated monetary losses and the brain response. Moreover, smokers compared to nonsmokers showed decreased activation in the inferior frontal gyrus to the delivery of expected monetary gains. Brain activations to both the evaluation of anticipated monetary losses and the delivery of expected monetary gains correlated with increased self‐reported smoking craving to relieve negative withdrawal symptoms and craving related to positive aspects of smoking, respectively.DiscussionTogether these results indicate that smokers are hyperresponsive to the evaluation of anticipated punishment and hyporesponsive to the delivery of expected rewards. Although further research is needed, this hypersensitivity to punishments coupled with increased craving may negatively impact quit attempts as smokers anticipate the negative withdrawal symptoms associated with quitting.
New Thymol Derivatives and Cytotoxic Constituents from the Root of Eupatorium cannabinum ssp. asiaticum
Authors: Chen Li‐Chai , Lee Tzong‐Huei , Sung Ping‐Jyun , Shu Chih‐Wen , Lim Yun‐Ping , Cheng Ming‐Jen , Kuo Wen‐Lung , Chen Jih‐Jung 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTwo new thymol (=5‐methyl‐2‐(1‐methylethyl)phenol) derivatives, 8,10‐didehydro‐9‐(3‐methylbutanoyl)thymol 3‐O‐tiglate (1) and 9‐O‐angeloyl‐8‐methoxythymol 3‐O‐isobutyrate (2), were isolated from the root of Eupatorium cannabinum ssp. asiaticum, together with six known compounds, 3–8. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined through extensive 1D/2D‐NMR and MS analyses. Among the isolates, 9‐acetoxy‐8,10‐epoxythymol 3‐O‐tiglate (3) was the most cytotoxic, with IC50 values of 0.02±0.01, 1.02±0.07, and 1.36±0.12 μg/ml, respectively, against DLD‐1, CCRF‐CEM, and HL‐60 cell lines. In addition, 10‐acetoxy‐9‐O‐angeloyl‐8‐hydroxythymol (4) and eupatobenzofuran (6) exhibited cytotoxicities, with IC50 values of 1.14±0.16 and 2.63±0.22, and 7.63±0.94 and 2.31±0.14 μg/ml, respectively, against DLD‐1 and CCRF‐CEM cell lines.