bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Alarming Situation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in 2019–2023
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Lei Zhao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAvian influenza viruses (AIVs) have the potential to cause severe illness in wild birds, domestic poultry, and humans. The ongoing circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) has presented significant challenges to global poultry industry and public health in recent years. This study aimed to elucidate the circulation of HPAIVs during 2019 to 2023. Specifically, we assess the alarming global spread and continuous evolution of HPAIVs. Moreover, we discuss their transmission and prevention strategies to provide valuable references for future prevention and control measures against AIVs.
Disinformation on the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine War: Two sides of the same coin?
Authors: Sánchez del Vas Rocío , Tuñón Navarro Jorge 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecently, Europe has been embroiled in serious disinformation crises. In 2020, the WHO declared the term “infodemic” due to the massive increase in hoaxes about the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine was dubbed the first digital world war. In this context, this research aims to establish similarities and differences between disinformation disseminated in Europe related to the pandemic during 2020–2021 and the war between Russia and Ukraine throughout 2022–2023. The methodology is based on triangulation, combining quantitative content analysis of fact-checking publications (N = 812) from eight fact-checkers representing four European countries (Spain, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Poland) and qualitative interviews with specialized agents (N = 8). Regarding the main findings, the frequency and nature of verified hoaxes during critical events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine conflict, are closely intertwined with peaks in current events. Initially, both crises saw a surge in hoax verifications, but this trend gradually declined, particularly in the case of the Ukraine conflict. Hoaxes related to the pandemic were primarily disseminated in written form, whereas the complexities of the Russian-Ukraine war hindered widespread hoax dissemination in an audiovisual way. The typology of hoaxes correlated with their format, with fabricated content predominant in pandemic hoaxes and out-of-context images prevalent in those related to the conflict. Social media, notably Facebook and X (Twitter), emerged as the primary platforms for hoax dissemination, overshadowing traditional media channels. In both events, disinformation aimed to provoke emotional responses and polarize audiences, emphasizing the role of social networks in amplifying disinformation during crises.
Nanoparticle migration on the microchannel wall surface in low-Reynolds-number nanofluids
Authors: Ko Seongjun , Lee Junho , Yu Jiwon , Banerjee Debjyoti , Kang Seok-Won 
Published: June 2024

In this study, nanoparticle deposition probabilities were numerically estimated for aqueous TiO2–water nanofluid flows (containing a colloidal suspension of TiO2 nanoparticles with a nominal diameter of 50 nm) in a microchannel under constant heat flux boundary conditions. To determine the effect of different thermo-hydraulic conditions on the nanoparticle migration near the wall surface at very low Reynolds numbers (i.e., ∼5), a user-defined function code for nanoscale interactions between molecules was considered in addition to the Euler–Lagrange model based on conventional computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer methods. The simulation results were compared with experimental observations to assess the accuracy of the numerical model. Furthermore, the effects of various parameters, such as the flow rate, wall temperature, and particle concentration, on the deposition probability of nanofluids were studied. The dominant factors enhancing the deposition probability were as follows: nanoparticle fraction (1.64) &gt; flow rate (1.30) &gt; heat flux (1.0).
Expressions of epistemic stance in computer-mediated L2 speaking assessment
Authors: Gablasova Dana , Harding Luke , Brezina Vaclav , Dunlea Jamie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Learner and L2 user corpora are increasingly valued in language testing and assessment as they can inform test
design, revision, and validation. This paper illustrates the benefits of using an L2 corpus to explore patterns of epistemic
stance marking in computer-mediated speaking tests with no live human interlocutor. Drawing on the British
Council-Lancaster Aptis Corpus – comprising over 630,000 words of L2 speech – we explored the frequency of epistemic
stance markers (adverbial, adjectival and verbal) across proficiency levels and speaking task types. The analysis revealed that
epistemic stance was prevalent in test-taker discourse and that frequency was influenced by L2 proficiency and task type. The
findings demonstrate that computer-mediated speaking tests can elicit expressions of epistemic stance in a comparable way to tests
which involve human-human interaction. Implications are drawn for examiner training, test preparation, and an enriched
understanding of the elements of pragmatic competence that can be elicited in computer-mediated speaking assessment.
Proficiency-rated learner corpora
Authors: Forti Luciana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this position paper, I argue that proficiency-rated learner corpora should gain a more prominent role in
data-driven learning (DDL). With specific reference to DDL, proficiency-rated learner corpora can provide typical, atypical and
erroneous target language data at different levels of proficiency, which can be meaningfully used in the design of learning
activities. This makes them pivotal in expanding the scope of DDL to include mid- and lower-level proficiency learners more
extensively. Although the field of learner corpus research has been promoting learner corpus use in DDL for a long time, only a
small fraction of DDL studies make use of a learner corpus. As a contribution to overcome this hiatus, I will demonstrate how
using a specific proficiency-rated learner corpus (i.e., the CELI corpus; Spina et al., 2022, 2023) can enrich the design of DDL activities, making
them more adaptable to a wider range of learner needs.
Effect of annealing temperature on the structural, optical, morphological, and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 thin films prepared by sol-gel spin-coating and electron beam physical vapor deposition
Authors: Dong Xiaoshuo , Mamat Mamatrishat , Baikeli Yiliyasi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
TiO2 thin films were prepared by sol-gel spin-coating (SGSC) and electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) methods and annealed at different temperatures (Ta
). X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) results show that the TiO2 films prepared by the SGSC method transformed from the anatase single phase to the coexistence of anatase and rutile with the increase of Ta
. However, TiO2 films prepared by the EB-PVD method existed only in the anatase phase, and the crystalline strength was enhanced with the increase of Ta
. Meanwhile, particles of TiO2 targets annealed at different Ta
showed a rutile phase for TiO2 target particles in the EB-PVD method. The results indicate that the EB-PVD method hinders the nucleation growth and phase transformation of TiO2 films. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy also show that the grain size and R
ms of TiO2 thin films prepared by the SGSC method increased with the increase of Ta
, and the grain size becomes inhomogeneous when the rutile phase is formed. Ultraviolet–visible results show that the forbidden bandwidth and light absorption capacity increase with increasing Ta
. For the EB-PVD method, the grain size and surface roughness gradually increased when the Ta
of the films was less than 800 °C, while annealing at 800 °C changed the direction of growth and nucleation, and also produced surface cracks; XRD verified the hypothesis that the EB-PVD method hinders the nucleation growth as well as the phase transition of the films. Weak differences in the optical absorption properties and bandgap values of the films also indicate that the EB-PVD method hinders the phase transformation of TiO2 films. Finally, the results of degradation of methylene blue (MB) under simulated visible light showed that the films prepared by the SGSC method gradually improved the photocatalytic performance with the enhancement of the crystalline strength of the anatase phase. The TiO2 films prepared by the EB-PVD method improved the photocatalytic performance with the increase of the active area.
WITHDRAWN: Degradation of phenol in ground and distilled waters by nanosecond discharge plasma in air
Authors: Beloplotov Dmitry Viktorovich , Petrenko Tatiana , Sosnin Eduard A , Kudryashov Sergey , Sorokin Dmitry A , Zhang Cheng 
Published: June 2024

Withdrawal
This article has been withdrawn by IOP Publishing following the discovery that several authors are affiliated with an institution (Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) that is subject to sanctions by the US government. To ensure compliance with sanctions regulations, this article has been withdrawn from IOPscience.
Why the pyrochlore-like antiferromagnet NaCu3F7 is magnetically non-frustrated
Authors: Lévêque Julien , Rebolini Elisa , Lepetit Marie-Bernadette , Saúl Andrés 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We present a theoretical study of the magnetic properties for the pyrochlore-like NaCu3F7 compound, which surprisingly experience little or no frustration. The magnetic effective exchange interactions were calculated using ab-initio methods explicitly treating the electronic correlation. A model Hamiltonian (quantum Heisenberg Hamiltonian, and for comparison a spin 1/2 Ising Hamiltonian) was built from these interactions and used to determine the zero temperature magnetic order versus magnetic field. The magnetic order at zero magnetic field is non frustrated and associated with the propagation vector

q
→

=
(
0
,
0
,
0
)

. The magnetization versus magnetic field reveals the existence of a 1/3 plateau that could be observed in high-pulsed magnetic field experiments. Analyzing the magnetic interactions, we highlight the importance of the magnetic ion nature, and the lattice distortion, in the non-frustrated nature of the NaCu3F7 magnetic structure, despite its triangular/Kagome subnetworks. We believe that this non-frustrated behavior could also take place in other triangular copper-based systems.
High-temperature magnetic anomaly via suppression of antisite disorder through synthesis route modification in a Kitaev candidate Cu2IrO3
Authors: Haraguchi Yuya , Nishio-Hamane Daisuke , Matsuo Akira , Kindo Koichi , Katori Hiroko Aruga 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
By incorporating inert KCl into the Na2IrO3 + 2CuCl → Cu2IrO3 + 2NaCl topochemical reaction, we significantly reduced the synthesis temperature of Cu2IrO3 from the 350 °C reported in previous studies to 170 °C. This adjustment decreased the Cu/Ir antisite disorder concentration in Cu2IrO3 from ∼19% to ∼5%. Furthermore, magnetic susceptibility measurements of the present Cu2IrO3 sample revealed a weak ferromagnetic-like anomaly with hysteresis at a magnetic transition temperature of ∼70 K. Our research indicates that the spin-disordered ground state reported in chemically disordered Cu2IrO3 is an extrinsic phenomenon, rather than an intrinsic one, underscoring the pivotal role of synthetic chemistry in understanding the application of Kitaev model to realistic materials.
Fermi level pinning in metal oxides: influence on photocatalysis and photoelectrochemistry
Authors: Mamedov D , Karazhanov S Zh , Alonso-Vante N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical (PEC) reactions are complex processes involving both the physical properties and surface chemistry of the semiconductor photocatalyst. Their interplay applies specific limitations on the performance of different materials in light-driven reactions, often despite their optimal band structure and optical absorption. One of the ways to properly characterize the photocatalytic and PEC properties of semiconductors remains the measurement of the photopotential, which characterizes a driving force of photoinduced processes in the material. In this work, we give a general scope on the photopotential in PEC reactions that finds its origin in semiconductor physics. It is shown that the photopotential does not always play an interchangeable role with the photocurrent in comparative analysis of the photocatalytic performance of different materials. Furthermore, a correlation between the photopotential and the kinetics of methylene blue dye photocatalysis is shown for anatase-TiO2, CeO2 and WO3 as photocatalysts. Fermi level pinning (FLP) in the bandgap of CeO2 is observed limiting the photoactivity of the compound, which is attributed to the high defectivity of CeO2. A short review is given on the possible origins of FLP in metal oxides and ways to overcome it. It is pointed out that the shift of the Fermi level after illumination of CeO2 can trigger the chemical instability of the material accompanied by the FLP process.
Effect of thermal fluctuations on the nontrivial topology of the d + id superconducting phase
Authors: Groshev A G , Arzhnikov A K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The behavior of the topological index (TI), characterizing the properties of superconducting phases of quasi-two-dimensional systems with nontrivial topology, is investigated depending on the temperature and system parameters. For this purpose, a method of calculating the TI, based on a self-consistent functional-integral theory, is proposed. The chiral d + id superconducting phase of a quasi-two-dimensional model with effective attraction between the electrons located at the nearest sites of a triangular lattice is considered. It is shown that the structure of the energy dependence of the self-energy function, which occurs when taking into account thermal fluctuations, does not lead to a change in the topological properties of the system. It is found that taking into account thermal fluctuations with an increase in the effective attraction between electrons expands the temperature range in which the value of the TI is close to the integer

C
1

≃
−
2

.
Topological behavior of spectral singularities in topological Weyl semimetals
Authors: Sarisaman Mustafa , Tasdemir Sevval , Rostamzadeh Saber 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, we examine the topological character of spectral singularities by using transverse magnetic (TM) mode configuration in a Topological Weyl Semimetal (TWSM). TM mode configuration restrains the effect of Kerr/Faraday rotations and therefore does not allow an extra degree of freedom to occur. We find out that surface currents arise due to topological terms on the surface of TWSM slab where no Fermi arcs are localized. We also investigate the contribution of the Θ-term, which is the origin of axions in topological materials, and especially theb-term, to the topological properties. As a result of our study, we clearly reveal the topological character ofb-term for the first time and we demonstrate the Weyl degeneracy situation in an obvious manner. Our system produces circular currents in the plane of propagation, maintaining a cyclotron shape motion. The presence ofb-term causes the induced current to be topologically protected. Our findings verify that topological properties of TWSM containing two opposite chirality Weyl fermions are robust against external influences. With the findings of our study, the appropriate conditions for the construction of a topological laser and the values that the system parameters can take have been demonstrated.
A hybrid effective medium description for nanoporous gold films and thickness-mediated control of optical absorption
Authors: Singh Jaspreet , Gupta Nitish Kumar , Sarkar Subhendu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
With the increasing demand for sensing platforms operating across UV, visible, and near-infrared wavelengths, nanoporous gold has emerged as an ideal substrate for rapid, quantitative detection of analytes with excellent specificity and high sensitivity. This study investigates thickness-mediated compositional changes and their impact on scattering characteristics of thin nanoporous gold films fabricated using selective chemical etching. Specifically, we observe thickness-induced morphological and structural changes across different fabricated samples from 25 to 100 nm in thickness. Upon their optical characterization across UV–VIS-NIR spectral regime, we notice that the constitutional differences among samples manifest distinctively & deterministically in their total optical scattering response. In order to gain insights into these observed scattering responses and to fathom the subtle connections between structural properties of NPG films and their optical response, a hybrid theoretical model comprising Maxwell-Garnett & Bruggeman effective medium approximations has been adopted. Our approach not only allows to appropriately account for the inhomogeneous nature of these films, but also corroborates well with the atomic force microscopy characterizations of the fabricated samples. Furthermore, tracing such a theoretical model is important as it helps in systematically ascertaining additional loss terms emerging in the complex dielectric function of films due to their nanoscale porosity & roughness, permitting a good reproduction of measured optical spectra. We believe, our approach will not only facilitate accurate regulation of losses in NPG thin films but will also aid in deriving customized optical performance from them, thereby advancing their potential applications in sensing and beyond.
Method for fabricating a mesh ripple filter for charged-particle therapy
Authors: Tanaka Sodai , Inaniwa Taku 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. A simple, low-cost ripple filter consisting of multiple mesh sheets (mRiFi) was previously developed to reproducibly widen the Bragg peak of heavy-ion beams. To fabricate the mRiFi, the mRiFi parameters such as the wire material, wire diameter, wire spacing, and number of mesh sheets had to be determined. However, it was unclear how these parameters contribute to shifting and widening of the Bragg peak as well as to lateral spreading of the beam passing through the mRiFi. The purposes of this study were to clarify the contributions and to propose a recipe for fabricating a mRiFi with the desired performance values. Approach. We established an analytical calculation method to estimate shifting and widening of the Bragg peak and lateral spreading of heavy-ion beams passing through the mRiFi for given mRiFi parameter values. We also performed Monte Carlo simulations to validate the analytical calculation method. The recipe for fabricating the mRiFi with desired performances was established based on the analytical calculation method. Using the recipe, we fabricated the mRiFi for multi-ion therapy and evaluated its performance through demonstration experiments with helium-, carbon-, oxygen-, and neon-ion beams. Main results. The difference between the results of the Monte Carlo simulation and the analytical calculation was less than 0.4 mm for the peak shift, 0.15 mm for the peak width, and less than 0.11 mm for the lateral beam size which validated the analytical calculation method. The experimentally observed shift and width of the Bragg peak were consistent with the analytical calculations. Significance. We proposed a method to determine mRiFi parameters for fabricating a mRiFi with a desired performance, i.e. adequate widening of the Bragg peak with an acceptable peak shift and lateral beam spread. The proposed method allows anyone to fabricate a simple and low-cost mRiFi satisfying desired specifications.
Integrating muscle fiber orientation from visible human data into radiotherapy target volumes
Authors: Buti Gregory , Ajdari Ali , Chen Yen-Lin , Bridge Christopher P , Sharp Gregory C , Bortfeld Thomas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. A major challenge in treatment of tumors near skeletal muscle is defining the target volume for suspected tumor invasion into the muscle. This study develops a framework that generates radiation target volumes with muscle fiber orientation directly integrated into their definition. The framework is applied to nineteen sacral tumor patients with suspected infiltration into surrounding muscles. Approach. To compensate for the poor soft-tissue contrast of CT images, muscle fiber orientation is derived from cryo-images of two cadavers from the human visible project (VHP). The approach consists of (a) detecting image gradients in the cadaver images representative of muscle fibers, (b) mapping this information onto the patient image, and (c) embedding the muscle fiber orientation into an expansion method to generate patient-specific clinical target volumes (CTV). The validation tested the consistency of image gradient orientation across VHP subjects for the piriformis, gluteus maximus, paraspinal, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus muscles. The model robustness was analyzed by comparing CTVs generated using different VHP subjects. The difference in shape between the new CTVs and standard CTV was analyzed for clinical impact. Main results. Good agreement was found between the image gradient orientation across VHP subjects, as the voxel-wise median cosine similarity was at least 0.86 (for the gluteus minimus) and up to 0.98 for the piriformis. The volume and surface similarity between the CTVs generating from different VHP subjects was on average at least 0.95 and 5.13 mm for the Dice Similarity Coefficient and the Hausdorff 95% Percentile Index, showing excellent robustness. Finally, compared to the standard CTV with different margins in muscle and non-muscle tissue, the new CTV margins are reduced in muscle tissue depending on the chosen clinical margins. Significance. This study implements a method to integrate muscle fiber orientation into the target volume without the need for additional imaging.
A transient site balance model for atomic layer etching
Authors: Vella Joseph R , Hao Qinzhen , Elgarhy Mahmoud A I , Donnelly Vincent M , Graves David B 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We present a transient site balance model of plasma-assisted atomic layer etching of silicon (Si) with alternating exposure to chlorine gas (Cl2) and argon ions (Ar+). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results are used to provide parameters for the model. The model couples the dynamics of a top monolayer surface region (‘top layer’) and a perfectly mixed subsurface region (‘mixed layer’). The differential equations describing the rates of change of the Cl coverage in the two layers are transient mass balances. Model predictions include Cl coverages and rates of etching of various species from the surface as a function of Cl2 or Ar+ fluence. The simplified phenomenological model reproduces the MD simulation results well over a range of conditions. Comparing model predictions directly to experimental optical emission spectroscopy data, as reported in a previous paper (Vella et al 2023 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 41, 062602), provides further evidence of the accuracy of the model.