bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acid and Alkaline Etching of Sandblasted Zirconia Implants: A Histomorphometric Study in Miniature Pigs
Authors: Saulacic Nikola , Erdösi Robert , Bosshardt Dieter D. , Gruber Reinhard , Buser Daniel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundZirconia (ZrO2) has received interest as a dental material; however, little information is available on the impact of surface modifications on the osseointegration of zirconia implants.PurposeThe aim of the present study was to determine the effect of acid or alkaline etching of sandblastedZrO2implants on bone apposition in vivo.MethodsCylindricalZrO2implants with two circumferential grooves were placed in the maxilla of 12 miniature pigs. Biopsies were harvested after 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks of healing. Undecalcified toluidine blue‐stained ground sections were produced. The bone‐to‐implant contact, the bone area, and the presence of multinucleated giant cells were determined by histomorphometry. An uncorrected explorative statistical analysis was performed.ResultsAcid etching but not alkaline etching of sandblastedZrO2implants caused more bone‐to‐implant contact than sandblastedZrO2implants. The bone area was unaffected by the surface modifications. Acid and alkaline etching both increased the formation of multinucleated giant cells at the implant surface.ConclusionsThis study provides a scientific basis to further investigate the impact of acid etching of sandblastedZrO2implants on osseointegration and the role of multinucleated giant cells in this process.
Ketamine Pharmacology: An Update (Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Aspects, Recent Findings)
Authors: Mion Georges , Villevieille Thierry 
Published: April 2013

SummaryFor more than 50 years, ketamine has proven to be a safe anesthetic drug with potent analgesic properties. The active enantiomer is S(+)‐ketamine. Ketamine is mostly metabolized in norketamine, an active metabolite. During “dissociative anesthesia”, sensory inputs may reach cortical receiving areas, but fail to be perceived in some association areas. Ketamine also enhances the descending inhibiting serotoninergic pathway and exerts antidepressive effects. Analgesic effects persist for plasma concentrations ten times lower than hypnotic concentrations. Activation of the (N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate [NMDA]) receptor plays a fundamental role in long‐term potentiation but also in hyperalgesia and opioid‐induced hyperalgesia. The antagonism of NMDA receptor is responsible for ketamine's more specific properties. Ketamine decreases the “wind up” phenomenon, and the antagonism is more important if the NMDA channel has been previously opened by the glutamate binding (“use dependence”). Experimentally, ketamine may promote neuronal apoptotic lesions but, in usual clinical practice, it does not induce neurotoxicity. The consequences of high doses, repeatedly administered, are not known. Cognitive disturbances are frequent in chronic users of ketamine, as well as frontal white matter abnormalities. Animal studies suggest that neurodegeneration is a potential long‐term risk of anesthetics in neonatal and young pediatric patients.
Ketamine and Peripheral Inflammation
Authors: De Kock Marc , Loix Sebastien , Lavand'homme Patricia 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe old anesthetic ketamine has demonstrated interactions with the inflammatory response. This review intends to qualify the nature and the mechanism underlying this interaction. For this purpose, preclinical data will be presented starting with the initial works, and then, the probable mechanisms will be discussed. A summary of the most relevant clinical data will be presented. In conclusion, ketamine appears as a unique “homeostatic regulator” of the acute inflammatory reaction and the stress‐induced immune disturbances. This is of some interest at a moment when the short‐ and long‐term deleterious consequences of inadequate inflammatory reactions are increasingly reported. Large‐scale studies showing improved patient's outcome are, however, required before to definitively assert the clinical reality of this positive effect.
Traceability of stocked eels – the Swedish approach
Authors: Wickström Håkan , Sjöberg Niklas B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractStocking of eels is one of the management measures in the eel regulation (EC No 1100/2007) to recover the stock. The Swedish Eel Management Plan doubles the numbers stocked to 2.5 million eels per year. Whether stocked eels contribute to the spawning stock or not has been questioned: stocked eels might not migrate as successful as wild recruited eels. The EIFAAC/ICES Working Group on Eel (2011) recommended ‘that all stocked eel should be marked and thereby separable from wild eel in subsequent sampling’. Since 2009, eels stocked in Sweden have been bathed in a strontium (Sr) solution, which gives a detectable mark in their otoliths. So far, 5.5 million eels have been marked in Sweden; Finland imports eels for stocking via Sweden, and these 0.6 million eels were marked by two Sr rings. We present results on marking success and recapture rates and also from marking with alizarin complexone and PIT tags in combination with Sr. If all eels stocked in the Baltic are marked, their contribution to the spawning run can be estimated. Using different combinations of marks in different regions, the relative contribution from separate stocking programmes can be evaluated. To increase the set of suitable marks, barium was tested as an additional tracer.
Changes in distance decay relationships after river regulation: similarity among fish assemblages in a large Amazonian river
Authors: Araújo Ercilia S. , Marques Elineide E. , Freitas Iriene S. , Neuberger Andréa L. , Fernandes Rodrigo , Pelicice Fernando M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe construction of large dams has changed natural hydrology of many rivers in South America. Considering that little is known about the reorganisation of nonmigratory fish assemblages following an impoundment, we investigated changes caused by the construction of Lajeado Dam on the spatial distribution of nonmigratory fish along the Tocantins River, a large Amazonian river. In particular, we investigated changes in distance decay of community similarity (initial similarity and halving distance) in periods that preceded and followed the construction of the dam. For this study, we analysed data collected over a four‐year period, including seven sites distributed along the Tocantins River (~270 km). Initial similarity showed high values and little variation over the years. Halving distance, on the other hand, changed considerably after impoundment, showing progressive smaller values. In the first 2 years after impoundment, halving distance decreased by more than half of the initial value, indicating changes in distance decay relationships. An ordination analysis nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) indicated substantial changes in assemblage structure between pre‐ and postimpoundment periods, especially in sites close to the dam. In addition, after river regulation, we recorded shifts in species abundance across sites, while numerical dominance increased and local richness decreased in sites near the dam. Our results indicate that the dam changed diversity gradients along the river corridor, increasing the distance decay of assemblage similarity. All these findings evidence that nonmigratory fish assemblages are particularly vulnerable to river regulation.
Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in tobacco smoke extract–induced matrix metalloproteinase‐1 expression
Authors: Ono Yuko , Torii Kan , Fritsche Ellen , Shintani Yoichi , Nishida Emi , Nakamura Motoki , Shirakata Yuji , Haarmann‐Stemmann Thomas , Abel Josef , Krutmann Jean , Morita Akimichi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFindings from large epidemiologic studies indicate that there is a link between smoking and extrinsic skin ageing. We previously reported that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) mediate connective tissue damage in skin exposed to tobacco smoke extracts. Tobacco smoke contains more than 3800 constituents, including numerous water‐insoluble polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that trigger aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signalling pathways. To analyse the molecular mechanisms involved in tobacco smoke–induced skin ageing, we exposed primary human fibroblasts and keratinocytes to tobacco smoke extracts. Hexane‐ and water‐soluble tobacco smoke extracts significantly induced MMP‐1 mRNA in both human cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes in a dose‐dependent manner. To clarify the involvement of the AhR pathway, we used a stable AhR‐knockdown HaCaT cell line. AhR knockdown abolished the increased transcription of the AhR‐dependent genes CYP1A1/CYP1B1 and MMP‐1 induced by either of the tobacco smoke extracts. Furthermore, the tobacco smoke extracts induced 7‐ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase activity, which was almost completely abolished by AhR knockdown. Likewise, treating fibroblasts with AhR pathway inhibitors, that is, the flavonoids 3‐methoxy‐4‐nitroflavone and α‐naphthoflavone, blocked the expression of CYP1B1 and MMP‐1. These findings suggest that the tobacco smoke extracts induce MMP‐1 expression in human fibroblasts and keratinocytes via activation of the AhR pathway. Thus, the AhR pathway may be pathogenetically involved in extrinsic skin ageing.
The Role of Methods Textbooks in Providing Early Training for Teaching with Technology in the Language Classroom
Authors: Arnold Nike 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe ability to make effective use of technology is becoming increasingly important for prospective language teachers. As a result, many teacher preparation programs include some form of training in computer assisted language learning (CALL). This study focuses on one component of such training, the textbooks used in methods courses, and employs content analysis to investigate how popular methods textbooks discuss CALL. Criteria based on standards for teacher training and the professional CALL literature revealed that overall, the textbooks can serve as a valuable springboard for early training. Based on the coverage of CALL in their methods textbook(s) and the needs of their particular student teachers, methods instructors should expand the discussion of CALL to provide a solid basis for continued professional development. Several key criteria for such well‐rounded training are included in this article.
Outcome of acquired haemophilia in France: the prospective SACHA (Surveillance des Auto antiCorps au cours de l'Hémophilie Acquise) registry
Authors: Borg J. Y. , Guillet B. , Le Cam‐Duchez V. , Goudemand J. , Lévesque H. ,   The SACHA Study Group
Published: April 2013

SummaryAlthough extremely rare, acquired haemophilia A (AHA) can cause severe bleeding, which may be fatal. The underlying causes of autoantibody development are not fully understood. Treatment goals are bleeding control and autoantibody eradication. At the time of our study, there was no consensus on a standard treatment strategy for AHA. Previous data were mainly retrospective or from single‐centre cohorts. We conducted a prospective, controlled, registry‐based study of patients with AHA in France. The prospective French registry (Surveillance des Auto antiCorps au cours de l'Hémophilie Acquise [SACHA]) collected data on prevalence, clinical course, disease associations and outcomes for haemostatic treatment and autoantibody eradication in 82 patients with a 1‐year follow‐up. Similar to earlier studies, the prevalence of AHA was higher in the elderly, with two thirds of patients aged >70 years. Around half of AHA cases were associated with underlying disease, most commonly autoimmune disease and cancer in younger and older patients respectively. Haemostatic treatment was initially administered to 46% of patients. Complete resolution or improvement of initial bleeding occurred in 22/27 (81%) rFVIIa‐treated patients and in all six cases receiving pd‐aPCC. The majority of patients (94%) received immunosuppressive therapy, with complete remission at 3 months in 61% (36/59) and in 98% (50/51) at 1 year. Overall mortality was 33%: secondary to bleeding in only three patients but to sepsis in 10. Bypassing agents were effective at controlling bleeding in patients with AHA. Immunosuppressive therapy should be used early but with caution, particularly in elderly patients.
Dispersion and Rheology of Aqueous Zirconium Diboride Nanosuspensions
Authors: He Rujie , Hu Ping , Zhang Xinghong , Han Wenbo , Wang Qin 
Published: April 2013

The dispersion and rheology of aqueous ZrB2 nanosuspensions were investigated by zeta potential measurements, particle size measurements, sedimentation tests, and rheology measurements, with poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) as dispersant. Results showed that the dispersion and rheology of nanosized ZrB2 suspensions in aqueous media were dependent on pH value, PAA concentration, solid loading, and ball milling time. Concentrated (up to 30 vol% solid loading) and well‐stabilized aqueous ZrB2 nanosuspension with low viscosity (0.485 Pa s at 60/s) was prepared at pH 10, with 1.0 wt% PAA.
New insights into photorespiration obtained from metabolomics
Authors: Florian A. , Araújo W. L. , Fernie A. R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPhotorespiration, one of the cornerstone pathways of primary metabolism, allows plant growth in a high oxygen‐containing environment. While the oxygenase reaction of Rubisco directly influences photosynthesis per se, several other processes are also affected by photorespiration, including nitrogen assimilation, respiration, amino acid metabolism, 1‐C metabolism and redox metabolism, cumulating to impose a severe impact across multiple signalling pathways. Accordingly, although the plant photorespiratory cycle is complex and highly compartmentalised, little is currently known about the participating transport proteins, and relatively few of them have been properly identified. Despite its centrality, uniqueness, and mystery, the biochemistry of photorespiration has historically been quite poorly understood, in part because at least some of its enzymes and intermediates tend to be labile and of low abundance. Fortunately, the integration of molecular and genetic approaches with biochemical ones, such as metabolite profiling, is now driving rapid advances in knowledge of the key metabolic roles and connections of the enzymes and genes of the photorespiratory pathway. While these experiments have revealed a surprising complexity in the response and established connections between photorespiration and other metabolic pathways, the mechanisms behind the observed responses have still to be fully elucidated. Here we review recent progress into photorespiration and its interaction with other metabolic processes, paying particular attention to data emanating from metabolic profiling studies.
Pharmacodynamics of Multi‐Dose Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Healthy Horses
Authors: Whelchel Dorothy D. , Tennent‐Brown Brett S. , Giguère Steeve , Epstein Kira L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the pharmacodynamics of once daily and twice daily administration of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) administration in horses.Study DesignRandomized cross over study.AnimalsAdult mixed breed healthy mares (n = 6).MethodsLMWH (dalteparin) was administered (50 U/kg subcutaneously) either every 12 or 24 hours for 3 consecutive days. Anti‐factor Xa activity was measured before and at select time points after LMWH administration. Packed cell volume (PCV), platelet count, partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and anti‐thrombin (AT) activity were monitored throughout the study.ResultsNo changes in PCV, platelet count, or AT activity were detected with either frequency of daily LMWH administration. Values for PTT increased throughout the study but never exceeded the normal reference interval. Anti‐factor Xa activity was maintained within or above the suggested thromboprophylactic range (0.1–0.2 U/mL) when LMWH was administered twice daily, but fell below this range ∼16 hours after administration when given once daily. For both once and twice daily LMWH administration, the area under the curve was significantly greater after the last dose of LMWH when compared to the first dose.ConclusionsAdministration of LMWH once or twice daily for 3 consecutive days appears to be safe in healthy adult horses. Anti‐factor Xa activity was maintained within or above the suggested thromboprophylactic range for 24 hours with twice daily LMWH administration but not with once daily administration.
Evaluation of Laparoscopic‐Assisted Ovariohysterectomy for Treatment of Canine Pyometra
Authors: Adamovich‐Rippe Krista N. , Mayhew Philipp D. , Runge Jeffrey J. , Culp William T. N. , Steffey Michele A. , Mayhew Kelli N. , Hunt Geraldine B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a technique for treating pyometra in dogs using a 3‐portal laparoscopic‐assisted ovariohysterectomy (LAOVH) and evaluate outcome.Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsDogs (n = 12).MethodsDogs with open or closed‐cervix pyometra with moderately sized (1–4 cm) uterine horn diameters based on preoperative ultrasonography and no evidence of perforation were included in the study. A 3‐portal technique for LAOVH was used. A wound retraction device was inserted into the caudal portal after enlargement of the incision to 3–4 cm to simplify removal of the uterus with minimal tension.ResultsTwelve dogs (median weight, 23.3 kg; range, 2.1–46.0 kg) met the inclusion criteria. Median uterine diameter was 3.0 cm (range, 1.2–4.0 cm). Median surgical time for LAOVH was 107 minutes (range, 82–120 minutes). Complications included mild hemorrhage from the uterine vessels in 1 dog during uterine removal through the wound retraction device and intra‐abdominal uterine rupture in 1 dog which necessitated conversion to an open approach. All dogs recovered from surgery and were discharged.ConclusionsLAOVH can be used for treatment of select cases of canine pyometra. Careful case selection is mandatory to improve success and minimize conversion to an open approach. Gentle handling of the reproductive organs is imperative to avoid iatrogenic uterine rupture.
A critical analysis of the ubiquity of linear local–regional richness relationships
Authors: Gonçalves‐Souza Thiago , Romero Gustavo Q. , Cottenie Karl 
Published: April 2013

SynthesisDespite theoretical criticisms, the ubiquity of linear relationships between local and regional species richness has long been used to justify it as a valid framework to conclude that local communities are not saturated with species. However, we reanalyzed published studies with a new unbiased method and found no prevalence of linear relationships and more than 40% of misclassifications, including textbook examples. We thus conclude that the prevailing argument in favor of associating a valid ecological interpretation to local–regional species richness plots, its ubiquity, is not sustained, and that ecologists could use for instance metacommunity theory to make inference on the strength of local and regional processes.Identifying the relative importance of regional and local processes to local species diversity is a central issue to many questions in basic and applied ecology. One widely‐used method is to plot local species richness against its regional richness to infer whether regional or local processes determine local diversity. However, this method increases the tendency to find regional prevalence as suggested by a recent simulation. We reanalyzed studies in the literature with an unbiased method and found no prevalence of either regional or local processes. In addition, almost 40% of the studies and 50% of the ecology textbook examples using the traditional method were misclassified. Our findings reinforce the need of alternative, novel tools identified by for instance metacommunity theory to go beyond the studies of local–regional relationships in the ecological literature that focus on the interdependence of regional and local processes.
Hydrolysis Control of AlN Powders for the Aqueous Processing of Spherical AlN Granules
Authors: Wang Qi , Olhero Susana M. , Ferreira José M. F. , Cui Wei , Chen Kexin , Xie Zhipeng 
Published: April 2013

Spherical granules of aluminum nitride (AlN) with an average particle size of about 50 μm were produced from aqueous suspensions using an AlN powder surface treated against hydrolysis with aluminum dihydrogenphosphate [Al(H2PO4)3]. Two different amounts of Al(H2PO4)3 were tested and the effects of surface treatment and aging time were evaluated by various techniques (XRD, TG‐DTA, zeta potential and pH measurements). The treated powder exhibited antihydrolytic property and good dispersing behavior, enabling the preparation of low‐viscosity and high‐concentration aqueous AlN slurries for freeze granulation. The spherical AlN granules were sintered in a boron nitride (BN) powder bed followed by ultrasonic washing of the AlN granulates/BN mixture to remove BN. The sintered spherical AlN granules present excellent crystallinity and high sphericity as observed from SEM micrographs.
Ethanol‐Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of BiFeO3 Nanopowders
Authors: Chen Zhiwu , Wu Yongpeng , Hu Jianqiang 
Published: April 2013

Well‐crystallized pure BiFeO3 nanopowders were successfully synthesized at the temperature as low as 120°C by an ethanol‐assisted hydrothermal process. In this synthesis, the composition of the solvent played important roles in the formation of pure BiFeO3. The BiFeO3 nanopowders synthesized with 4:3 ethanol/water ratio mainly consists of cubic structures with size from 50 to 150 nm. Zero‐field‐cooled (ZFC) and field‐cooled (FC) magnetization measurements indicated that pure BiFeO3 nanopowders showed a spin‐glass transition below the freezing temperature. Moreover, the BiFeO3 nanopowders exhibited ferromagnetic order at room temperature.
Development of a low phenolic acid diet for the management of orofacial granulomatosis
Authors: Campbell H. E. , Escudier M. P. , Milligan P. , Challacombe S. J. , Sanderson J. D. , Lomer M. C. E. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundOrofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare disease of unknown cause. A cinnamon‐ and benzoate‐free diet is successful in up to 72% of patients. Phenolic acids are among the chemical constituents restricted in this diet, which avoids some but not all of these structurally similar compounds. The present study aimed to: (i) develop a novel diet low in phenolic acids; (ii) implement this in a small clinical trial; and (iii) assess its nutritional adequacy.MethodsA literature review identified 10 papers quantifying phenolic acids from which 91 10‐mg phenolic acid exchanges were devised. A phenolic acid exclusion diet with precautionary micronutrient supplementation was designed and implemented in 10 patients. Phenolic acids were excluded for 6 weeks and were reintroduced at a rate of one exchange every second day for 6 weeks. Wilcoxon matched pairs tests analysed disease outcomes measured by an oral disease severity scoring tool at weeks 0, 6 and 12. Nutritional adequacy was assessed, excluding micronutrient supplementation, at weeks 0 and 6, and compared intakes with dietary reference values.ResultsThe diet was nutritionally inadequate for a range of micronutrients. Seven of 10 patients responded. Mean [standard deviation (SD)] severity scores improved from week 0–6 [20.8 (9.39) and 10.1 (5.72);P = 0.009] and were maintained in five patients who completed the reintroduction [6.6 (3.13) and 7.2 (5.54);P = 0.713].ConclusionsA low phenolic acid diet with micronutrient supplementation holds promise of a novel dietary treatment forOFG. Further work is required in larger studies to determine long‐term outcomes.