bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emulation of human and rodent cardiac motion with a computer‐controlled cardiac phantom using DENSE MRI
Authors: Constantinides C. , Zhong X. , Tzagkarakis V. , Cofer G. , Gravett R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this work, human myocardial motion is studied in an electrical and in an MRI‐compatible (pneumatic) version of a specialized, commercially available, human cardiac phantom at 1.5 Tesla using Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes (DENSE). Work is extended to a prototype rodent phantom, designed, manufactured, implemented, and imaged on a high field (7 T) scanner using urethane‐elastomers under dynamic conditions. Mechanical properties of phantom composition (including commercially available urethane‐elastomers of variable elasticity, poly(glycerol) sebacate (PGS), and polyvinyl acetate (PVA)‐elastomeric samples were evaluated with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Both phantoms were cyclically driven at 90–100 bpm and were molded to match accurately human and rodent anatomy. Constructed waveforms attained human and rodent torsions that ranged between 0–40° and 0–20°, respectively. The human phantom used PVA elastomer‐materials, whereas solid, cylindrical urethane‐elastomeric, and PGS samples were tested in the rodent phantom. Measured bulk storage moduli of elasticity varied between 0.7 and 1.06 MPa using the DMA, whereas AFM measurements independently confirmed the graded surface stiffness of elastomers and PGS samples. Displacement maps were generated with DENSE at time intervals ending at 25% of the cardiac cycle (due to the reduced DENSE‐MRI SNR at subsequent intervals) and yielded basal, middle, and apical longitudinal displacements that ranged between −4–6, −8–8, and −10–8 mm, respectively. Elicited in‐plane strain results yielded LV phantom values during the first five cardiac phases that ranged between 0.03–3.7% for Exx and 0.03–4.8% for Eyy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 42A: 59–71, 2013.
Breast cancer mortality in participants of the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program
Authors: Hofvind Solveig , Ursin Giske , Tretli Steinar , Sebuødegård Sofie , Møller Bjørn 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUNDThe Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program started in 1996. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report using individual‐based data on invitation and participation to analyze breast cancer mortality among screened and nonscreened women in the program.METHODSInformation on dates of invitation, attendance, breast cancer diagnosis, emigration, death, and cause of death was linked by using unique 11‐digit personal identification numbers assigned all inhabitants of Norway at birth or immigration. In total, 699,628 women ages 50 to 69 years without prior a diagnosis of breast cancer were invited to the program from 1996 to 2009 and were followed for breast cancer through 2009 and death through 2010. Incidence‐based breast cancer mortality rate ratios (MRRs) were compared between the screened and nonscreened cohorts using a Poisson regression model. The MRRs were adjusted for calendar period, attained age, years since inclusion in the cohorts, and self‐selection bias.RESULTSThe crude breast cancer mortality rate was 20.7 per 100,000 women‐years for the screened cohort compared with 39.7 per 100,000 women‐years for the nonscreened cohort, resulting in an MRR of 0.52 (95% confidence interval, 0.47‐0.59). The mortality reduction associated with attendance in the program was 43% (MRR, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.51‐0.64) after adjusting for calendar period, attained age, years after inclusion in the cohort, and self‐selection bias.CONCLUSIONSAfter 15 years of follow‐up, a 43% reduction in mortality was observed among women who attended the national mammographic screening program in Norway. Cancer 2013;119:3106–3112. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Multi‐Trace Boundary Integral Formulation for Acoustic Scattering by Composite Structures
Authors: Claeys Xavier , Hiptmair Ralf 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe study the scattering of an acoustic wave by an object composed of several adjacent parts with different material properties. For this problem we derive a new integral equation formulation of the first kind. This formulation involves two Dirichlet data and two Neumann data at each point of each material interface of the diffracting object. It is immune to spurious resonances, and it enjoys a stability property that ensures quasi‐optimal convergence of conforming Galerkin boundary element discretization. In addition, the operator of this formulation satisfies a relation similar to the standard Calderón identity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Ionic Hydrogen/Deuterium Bonds between Diammoniumalkane Dications and Halide Anions
Authors: Demireva Maria , Oomens Jos , Berden Giel , Williams Evan R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHalide‐anion binding to 1,12‐dodecanediammonium, tetramethyl‐1,12‐dodecanediammmonium, and tetramethyl‐1,7‐heptanediammonium has been investigated with infrared multiple‐photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy in the 1000–2250 cm−1 spectral region and with theory. Both charged ammonium groups in these diammonium compounds interact with the halide anion resulting in an ionic hydrogen bond (IHB) stretching frequency outside of the spectral frequency range that can be measured with the free‐electron laser (FEL). This frequency is shifted into the spectral range upon exchanging all of the labile hydrogen atoms with deuterium atoms, thus making measurement of the ionic deuterium bond (IDB) stretching frequency possible. The IDB stretching frequency shifts to higher values with increasing halide‐anion size, methylation of the ammonium groups, and alkane chain length, consistent with the halide‐anion–deuterium bond strength decreasing with decreasing gas‐phase basicity of the halide anion and the increasing gas‐phase basicity of the ammonium groups. The IDB stretching frequency also depends on the alkane chain length owing to constraints on the angle of the bonds between the halide anion and the two ammonium groups. There are additional bands in the IDB stretching feature in the IRMPD spectra, which are attributed to Fermi resonances and arise from coupling with overtone or combination bands that can be identified from theory and depend on the halide‐anion identity and alkane chain length.
Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Mesoporous Materials as Regenerable Sensing Systems for the Recognition of Nitroaromatic Explosives
Authors: Sarkar Krishanu , Salinas Yolanda , Campos Inmaculada , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Marcos María D. , Sancenón Félix , Amorós Pedro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFluorescent organic–inorganic mesoporous hybrid materials have been prepared and characterised, and their behaviour against nitroaromatic explosives have been tested. MCM‐41 silica was used as an inorganic scaffold and pyrene (P derivative containing trialkoxysilane moieties), dansyl and fluorescein (D and F derivatives also containing trialkoxysilane groups, respectively) fluorophores have been anchored on hybrid materials by a co‐condensation method to obtain a homogenous distribution of dyes into the pores of the support. Six sensing materials have been prepared, of which SP, SD, SF were hydrophilic and SPh, SDh, SFh were hydrophobic. Template‐free hydrophilic materials (SP, SD, SF) were obtained after repeated NH4NO3/ethanol extractions under temperature from as‐synthesised (MP, MD and MF supports, respectively) solids. Hydrophobic materials (SPh, SDh, SFh) were prepared by using excess 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexamethyldisilazane with template‐free hydrophilic (SP, SD and SF) materials. The six final materials displayed the typical emission bands of the grafted fluorophores. In particular, SP and SPh show the typical pyrene monomer (370–420 nm) and excimer (430–600 nm) emissions. SD and SDh exhibit the broad dansyl fluorescence band in the 450–600 nm range, whereas solids SF and SFh present sharp fluorescein emission centred at 525 nm. The fluorescent behaviour of the six final materials was tested in the presence of explosives (pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX), nitrobenzene (NB), 1,3,5‐trinitrobenzene (TNB), 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4‐dinitrotoluene (DNT), 2,4,6‐trinitrophenylmethylnitramine (Tetryl) and picric acid (PA)). Only nitroaromatic compounds were able to induce emission quenching. As a general trend, the quenching degree depended on the nature of the final material. The best response was obtained with explosives PA and Tetryl, which were able to significantly quench the emission of the sensing supports. The observed quenching was ascribed to the π–π stacking interactions between the electron‐donor fluorophores and the electron‐withdrawing nitroaromatic explosives. When using SPh for Tetryl and PA, the limits of detection were 8.5 and 1.4 ppm, respectively, whereas they were 14.4 and 1.2 ppm for SDh. Principal component analysis algorithms were applied to the fluorescence measurements taken with the six hybrid materials and the seven explosives. The obtained score plot showed well‐defined clusters for the seven explosives tested. Finally, solid SDh was applied to detect trace amounts of Tetryl in soil samples with good results.
Low‐Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Tungsten using Tungsten Hexafluoride and Highly‐diluted Silane in Argon
Authors: Kalanyan Berç , Losego Mark D. , Oldham Christopher J. , Parsons Gregory N. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractInherent chemical hazards in atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes can be mitigated significantly by careful selection of precursor materials. This work describes the effect of silane (SiH4) exposure on tungsten ALD growth when the silane is heavily diluted (2 at.‐%) in argon. A wide ALD temperature window from 200 to ∼300°C is identified, exhibiting a growth rate of between 5 and 6 Å per ALD cycle using SiH4 and tungsten hexafluoride (WF6) exposures of ∼6 × 105 and ∼5 × 105 Langmuirs (L), respectively. For deposition at lower temperature (150°C), growth rates of ∼4.5 Å per cycle are obtained using a silane exposure of 30 s per cycle, where the partial pressure of silane at the inlet is controlled at 40 mTorr (corresponding to 1.2 × 106 L of silane). Compositional analysis by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) show less than ∼5 at.‐% Si in the W films, with the smallest Si content in films deposited at 300°C. We also describe effects of hot‐wall reactor preconditioning on film growth. We conclude that the dilute silane co‐reactant offers an alternative to the common disilane, borosilane, or undiluted silane precursors, allowing well‐controlled W deposition at 150°C.
The use of on‐animal acoustical recording devices for studying animal behavior
Authors: Lynch Emma , Angeloni Lisa , Fristrup Kurt , Joyce Damon , Wittemyer George 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAudio recordings made from free‐ranging animals can be used to investigate aspects of physiology, behavior, and ecology through acoustic signal processing. On‐animal acoustical monitoring applications allow continuous remote data collection, and can serve to address questions across temporal and spatial scales. We report on the design of an inexpensive collar‐mounted recording device and present data on the activity budget of wild mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) derived from these devices applied for a 2‐week period. Over 3300 h of acoustical recordings were collected from 10 deer on their winter range in a natural gas extraction field in northwestern Colorado. Analysis of a subset of the data indicated deer spent approximately 33.5% of their time browsing, 20.8% of their time processing food through mastication, and nearly 38.3% of their time digesting through rumination, with marked differences in diel patterning of these activities. Systematic auditory vigilance was a salient activity when masticating, and these data offer options for quantifying wildlife responses to varying listening conditions and predation risk. These results (validated using direct observation) demonstrate that acoustical monitoring is a viable and accurate method for characterizing individual time budgets and behaviors of ungulates, and may provide new insight into the ways external forces affect wildlife behavior.
Asymmetric Formal Synthesis of (–)‐Swainsonine by a Highly Regioselective and Diastereoselective Allylic Amination Using Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanate
Authors: Li Qing Ri , Dong Guang Ri , Park Sook Jin , Hong Yong Rae , Kim In Su , Jung Young Hoon 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA concise asymmetric formal synthesis of (–)‐swainsonine from readily available D‐erythronolactone is described. The key steps include a highly diastereoselective amination of a chiral benzylic ether, which occurs with the retention of stereochemistry using chlorosulfonyl isocyanate, and a palladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative N‐allylation of an allyl carbamate.
SBERIA: Set‐Based Gene‐Environment Interaction Test for Rare and Common Variants in Complex Diseases
Authors: Jiao Shuo , Hsu Li , Bézieau Stéphane , Brenner Hermann , Chan Andrew T. , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Le Marchand Loic , Lemire Mathieu , Newcomb Polly A. , Slattery Martha L. , Peters Ulrike 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIdentification of gene‐environment interaction (G × E) is important in understanding the etiology of complex diseases. However, partially due to the lack of power, there have been very few replicated G × E findings compared to the success in marginal association studies. The existing G × E testing methods mainly focus on improving the power for individual markers. In this paper, we took a different strategy and proposed a set‐based gene‐environment interaction test (SBERIA), which can improve the power by reducing the multiple testing burdens and aggregating signals within a set. The major challenge of the signal aggregation within a set is how to tell signals from noise and how to determine the direction of the signals. SBERIA takes advantage of the established correlation screening for G × E to guide the aggregation of genotypes within a marker set. The correlation screening has been shown to be an efficient way of selecting potential G × E candidate SNPs in case‐control studies for complex diseases. Importantly, the correlation screening in case‐control combined samples is independent of the interaction test. With this desirable feature, SBERIA maintains the correct type I error level and can be easily implemented in a regular logistic regression setting. We showed that SBERIA had higher power than benchmark methods in various simulation scenarios, both for common and rare variants. We also applied SBERIA to real genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) data of 10,729 colorectal cancer cases and 13,328 controls and found evidence of interaction between the set of known colorectal cancer susceptibility loci and smoking.
Probing IMF using nanodust measurements from inside Saturn's magnetosphere
Authors: Hsu H.‐W. , Hansen K. C. , Horányi M. , Kempf S. , Mocker A. , Moragas‐Klostermeyer G. , Postberg F. , Srama R. , Zieger B. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe present a new concept of monitoring the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) by using in situ measurements of nanodust stream particles in Saturn's magnetosphere. We show that the nanodust detection pattern obtained inside the magnetosphere resembles those observed in interplanetary space and is associated with the solar wind compression regions. Our dust dynamics model reproduces the observed nanodust dynamical properties as well as the detection pattern, suggesting that the ejected stream particles can reenter Saturn's magnetosphere at certain occasions due to the dynamical influence from the time‐varying IMF. This method provides information on the IMF direction and a rough estimation on the solar wind compression arrival time at Saturn. Such information can be useful for studies related to the solar wind‐magnetosphere interactions, especially when the solar wind parameters are not directly available.
Reduced platelets and bacteria adhesion on poly(ether ether ketone) by photoinduced and self‐initiated graft polymerization of 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine
Authors: Tateishi Takaharu , Kyomoto Masayuki , Kakinoki Sachiro , Yamaoka Tetsuji , Ishihara Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAromatic poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is a super engineering plastic, which has good mechanical properties and is resistant to physical and chemical stimuli. We have, therefore, attempted to use PEEK in cardiovascular devices. Synthetic cardiovascular devices require both high hemocompatibility and anti‐inflammatory activity in addition to the mechanical properties. We modified the PEEK surface by photoinduced and self‐initiated graft polymerization with 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC; PMPC‐grafted PEEK) for obtaining good antithrombogenicity. Polymerization was carried out on the surface of PEEK under radiation of ultraviolet (UV) light during which we controlled monomer concentrations, temperatures, and UV intensities. The biological performance of the PMPC‐grafted PEEK was examined and compared with that of unmodified PEEK. With increase in the thickness of the PMPC layer, the amount of fibrinogen adsorption decreased significantly in comparison to that in the case of unmodified PEEK. When placed in contact with human platelet‐rich plasma, surface of the PMPC‐grafted PEEK clearly showed inhibition of platelet adhesion and activation. Also, bacterial adhesion was reduced dramatically on the PMPC‐grafted PEEK. Thus, the PMPC grafting on PEEK improved the antithrombogenicity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1342–1349, 2014.
Biomaterials and biotechnology: From the discovery of the first angiogenesis inhibitors to the development of controlled drug delivery systems and the foundation of tissue engineering
Authors: Langer Robert 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper describes the discovery of the first inhibitors of angiogenesis; the discoveries that led to the development of the first biocompatible controlled release systems for macromolecules, and findings that helped to create the field of tissue engineering. In addition, new paradigms for creating biomaterials, early work on nanotechnology in medicine and intelligent drug delivery systems are discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 2449–2455, 2013.
Dentistry proteomics: From laboratory development to clinical practice
Authors: Rezende Taia M. B. , Lima Stella M. F. , Petriz Bernardo A. , Silva Osmar N. , Freire Mirna S. , Franco Octávio L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDespite all the dental information acquired over centuries and the importance of proteome research, the cross‐link between these two areas only emerged around mid‐nineties. Proteomic tools can help dentistry in the identification of risk factors, early diagnosis, prevention, and systematic control that will promote the evolution of treatment in all dentistry specialties. This review mainly focuses on the evolution of dentistry in different specialties based on proteomic research and how these tools can improve knowledge in dentistry. The subjects covered are an overview of proteomics in dentistry, specific information on different fields in dentistry (dental structure, restorative dentistry, endodontics, periodontics, oral pathology, oral surgery, and orthodontics) and future directions. There are many new proteomic technologies that have never been used in dentistry studies and some dentistry areas that have never been explored by proteomic tools. It is expected that a greater integration of these areas will help to understand what is still unknown in oral health and disease. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 2271–2284, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry screening for synthetic cannabinoids in herbal blends
Authors: Ibáñez María , Bijlsma Lubertus , van Nuijs Alexander L.N. , Sancho Juan V. , Haro Gonzalo , Covaci Adrian , Hernández Félix 
Published: May 2013

‘Legal highs’ are novel substances which are intended to elicit a psychoactive response. They are sold from ‘head shops’, the internet and from street suppliers and may be possessed without legal restriction. Several months ago, a 19‐year‐old woman came searching for medical treatment as she had health problems caused by smoking legal highs. The substances were sold as herbal blends in plastic bags under four different labels. In this work, samples of these herbal blends have been analysed to investigate the presence of psychoactive substances without any reference standard being available at the laboratory. A screening strategy for a large number of synthetic and natural cannabinoids has been applied based on the use of ultra‐high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QTOF MS) under MSE mode. A customized home‐made database containing literature‐based exact masses for parent and product ions of around 200 synthetic and natural cannabinoids was compiled.The presence of the (de)protonated molecule measured at its accurate mass was evaluated in the samples. When a peak was detected, collision‐induced dissociation fragments and characteristic isotopic ions were also evaluated and used for tentative identification. After this tentative identification, four synthetic cannabinoids (JWH‐081, JWH‐250, JWH‐203 and JWH‐019) were unequivocally confirmed by subsequent acquisition of reference standards. The presence in the herbal blends of these synthetic cannabinoids might explain the psychotic and catatonic symptoms observed in the patient, as JWH compounds could act as potent agonists of CB1 and CB2 receptors located in the Limbic System and Basal ganglia of the human brain. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape and intraporosity of topsoil aggregates under maquis and pasture in the Mediteranean region
Authors: Zucca Claudio , Vignozzi Nadia , Madrau Salvatore , Dingil Mahmut , Previtali Franco , Kapur Selim 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe clearing of Mediterranean maquis along with the creation of new pasture land has been an important factor of soil and land degradation in the Mediterranean region. The present research compared soil aggregates and their intraporosity in paired pasture/maquis plots in central E Sardinia (Italy), to study the impact of land use change on soil structure.Undisturbed surface horizons were sampled for thin‐section analysis. Aggregate shape was compared and intraporosity was studied for representative aggregates at different depths. Furthermore, the interaction of root activity and grazing under pasture and maquis cover was discussed. The outcomes revealed a complex interplay of trampling and root activity effects. A decrease (–44%) in total voids (regular pores), along with higher aggregate regularity, was observed under pasture in the 0–2 cm layer, and an increase (+261%) in 50–100 μm planar (elongated) pores was determined in the 2–4 cm layer, suggesting a possible surface compaction due to trampling and an increased subsurface fine root activity by the grassland vegetation.