bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the properties of reclaimed waste tire rubber by blending with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) and electron beam irradiation
Authors: Ramarad Suganti , Ratnam Chantara Thevy , Khalid Mohammad , Chuah A. Luqman 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTScrap rubber reclamation is one of the most desirable approaches to solve the disposal problem of used tires. However, reclaimed tire rubber (RTR) has not gained enough attention due to its poor properties. In this work, the effects of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) addition and electron beam (EB) irradiation on the properties of RTR were studied. The RTR/EVA blends containing 100–0 wt % of RTR were prepared in the internal mixer followed by EB irradiation with doses ranging from 50 to 200 kGy. The RTR/EVA blends were subjected to mechanical, gel content, thermal, and morphological analysis. It was found that the addition of EVA to RTR improved the mechanical properties of RTR. However, results revealed that RTR undergoes irradiation‐induced crosslinking in a relatively lesser extent as compared to EVA. This observation is associated with the stabilization and radical scavenging effects of additives, which are present in the RTR matrix. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41649.
The Stochastic Robust Model Predictive Control of Shimmy Vibration in Aircraft Landing Gears
Authors: Hajiloo A. , Xie W. F. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper considers robust model predictive control (RMPC) methods for a linear parameter varying (LPV) system that has both probabilistic uncertain and time‐varying parameters. The parameters are considered to be measured online. In this regard, the aircraft landing gear system is considered as an LPV system whose parameters variation can affect both stability and performance. By transforming this system into a convex combination of linear time‐invariant vertices form with the tensor‐product (TP) model transformation method, the landing gear system is represented as a polytopic linear parameter‐varying system. A computationally efficient RMPC control signal law is calculated online by carrying out the convex optimization involving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) in MPC which leads to finding the solutions that can guarantee the closed‐loop robust stability and performance. The proposed controller can effectively suppress the shimmy vibration of the landing gear with variable taxiing velocity and wheel caster length, also with the probabilistic uncertain torsional spring stiffness.
Optimal Control for Pennes' Bioheat Equation
Authors: Malek Alaeddin , Abbasi Ghasem 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe problem of Pennes' bioheat boundary control through a skin with its inner medium kept at a constant steady‐state temperature where the outer surface subjected to conductive condition is solved by different methods. Analytical and mild solutions of Pennes' boundary control problem yield a discrete optimization problem for temperature profile at the specific depth point as well as temperature profile at all points of the skin in the final time. The pointwise optimal control problem has been solved by discretized form of the unconstrained optimization problem using analytical solution for Pennes' boundary control problem. The analytical solution has been used to solve the optimal control problems via an unconstrained/constrained optimization in Methods I and II. In Method III first, Pennes' boundary control problem is solved using mild solution by strongly continuous semigroup theory. Then, nonlinear optimization problem with linear constraints is proposed to calculate the corresponding piecewise optimal control function. All methods, have been applied to a homogeneous tissue. Mathematical simulation is done to show the optimal controls for the related states when minimum effort is used.
A new lipase as a pharmaceutical target for battling infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus: Gene cloning and biochemical characterization
Authors: Ünlü Aişe , Tanriseven Aziz , Sezen İ. Yavuz , Çelik Ayhan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus lipases along with other cell‐wall‐associated proteins and enzymes (i.e., catalase, coagulase, protease, hyaluronidase, and β‐lactamase) play important roles in the pathogenesis of S. aureus and are important subject of drug targeting. The appearance of antibiotic‐resistant types of pathogenic S. aureus (e.g., methicillin‐resistant S. aureus, MRSA) is a worldwide medical problem. In the present work, a novel lipase from a newly isolated MRSA strain from a cow with subclinical mastitis was cloned and biochemically characterized. The mature part of the lipase was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by nickel affinity chromatography. It displays a high lipase activity at pH 8.0 and 25 °C using p‐nitrophenyl palmitate and has a preference for medium–long‐chain substrates of p‐nitrophenyl esters (pNPC10–C16). Furthermore, in search of inhibitors, the effect of farnesol on the growth of S. aureus and the lipase activity was also studied. Farnesol inhibits the growth of S. aureus and is a mixed‐type inhibitor with Ki and Ki′ values of 0.2 and 1.2 mmol L−1, respectively. A lipase with known properties could not only serve as a template for developing inhibitors for S. aureus but also a valuable addition to enzyme toolbox of biocatalysis. The discovery of this lipase can be potentially important and could provide a new target for pharmaceutical intervention against S. aureus infection.
Evaluating the impact of high Pluronic® F68 concentrations on antibody producing CHO cell lines
Authors: Tharmalingam Tharmala , Goudar Chetan T. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTPluronic® F68 (P‐F68) is an important component of chemically‐defined cell culture medium because it protects cells from hydrodynamic and bubble‐induced shear in the bioreactor. While P‐F68 is typically used in cell culture medium at a concentration of 1 g/L (0.1%), higher concentrations can offer additional shear protection and have also been shown to be beneficial during cryopreservation. Recent industry experience with variability in P‐F68‐associated shear‐protection has opened up the possibility of elevated P‐F68 concentrations in cell culture media, a topic that has not been previously explored in the context of industrial cell culture processes. Recognizing this gap, we first evaluated the effect of 1–5 g/L P‐F68 concentrations in shake flask cultures over ten 3‐day passages for cell lines A and B. Increase in terminal cell density and cell size was seen over time at higher P‐F68 concentrations but protein productivity was not impacted. Results from this preliminary screening study suggested no adverse impact of high P‐F68 concentrations. Subsequently fed‐batch bioreactor experiments were conducted at 1 and 5 g/L P‐F68 concentrations with both cell lines where cell growth, viability, metabolism, and product quality were examined under process conditions reflective of a commercial process. Results from these bioreactor experiments confirmed findings from the preliminary screen and also indicated no impact of elevated P‐F68 concentration on product quality. If additional shear protection is desired, either due to raw material variability, cell line sensitivity, or a high‐shear cell culture process, our results suggest this can be accomplished by elevating the P‐F68 concentration in the cell culture medium without impacting cell culture performance and product quality. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 832–837. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental Aspects in Benchmarking of the Electrocatalytic Activity
Authors: Čolić Viktor , Tymoczko Jakub , Maljusch Artjom , Ganassin Alberto , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWith the high interest in improving the performance of electrocatalysts for technologically significant reactions, great efforts are directed at the assessment of the activities of various catalytic materials. For this purpose, it is important to compare the catalytic activities measured using different methods and under different conditions. To achieve this, it is of utmost importance to avoid certain methodological and instrumental issues that can severely affect the obtained experimental results. Using well‐defined systems, we demonstrate the importance of experimental conditions in the assessment and benchmarking of the activity of catalytic processes for various reactions. Particularly, we demonstrate that the correction of the uncompensated ohmic resistance using impedance spectroscopy measurements requires particular attention and additional procedures which are normally ignored. Additionally, we demonstrate how the uncompensated resistance changes with the potential if a non‐conducting gas phase is accumulated in the system, hence influencing the activity measurement. It is further shown that a correct choice for surface‐limited reactions for the determination of the real surface area of catalytic electrodes plays a key role in ensuring more meaningful activity assessment.
A Rare Tetranuclear Thorium(IV) μ4‐Oxo Cluster and Dinuclear Thorium(IV) Complex Assembled by Carbon–Oxygen Bond Activation of 1,2‐Dimethoxyethane (DME)
Authors: Travia Nicholas E. , Scott Brian L. , Kiplinger Jaqueline L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe synthesis and X‐ray crystal structure of two new multinuclear thorium complexes are reported. The tetranuclear μ4‐oxo cluster complex Th4(μ4‐O)(μ‐Cl)2I6[κ2(O,O’)‐μ‐O(CH2)2OCH3]6 and the dinuclear complex Th2I5[κ2(O,O’)‐μ‐O(CH2)2OCH3]3(DME) (DME=dimethoxyethane) are formed by CO bond activation of 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME) mediated by thorium iodide complexes.
An Integrated Imaging Probe Design: The Synthesis of 99mTc/Re‐Containing Macrocyclic Peptide Scaffolds
Authors: Hickey Jennifer L. , Simpson Emily J. , Hou Jinqiang , Luyt Leonard G. 
Published: November 2014

Abstractβ‐Sheets account for over 30 % of all secondary structural conformations found in proteins. The intramolecular hydrogen bonding that exists between the two peptide strands is imperative in maintaining this secondary structure. With the proper design, cyclic peptides may act as scaffolds emulating active β‐sheet regions, enabling investigation of their importance in molecular recognition and protein aggregation. Starting from Fmoc‐Lys(Fmoc)‐OH, macrocyclic peptides were synthesized on a solid support, with peptide‐chain elongation extending from both the alpha and epsilon amines of the lysine. The branching peptides were cyclized with a pyridyl tridentate chelation core followed by coordination using [99mTc/Re(CO)3(H2O)3]+. Variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy studies were performed, demonstrating that intramolecular hydrogen bonding exists between the two sides of the uncoordinated macrocyclic peptide scaffolds. Additionally, computational modelling and circular dichroism spectroscopic analysis revealed that the peptide backbone exists in a similar conformation both before and after metal coordination. The ability to seamlessly incorporate a tridentate chelation core into the backbone of a macrocyclic peptide, without disrupting the secondary structure, can greatly assist in the design of metal‐centric peptidomimetic imaging agents. This novel integrated imaging probe approach may facilitate the investigation into protein–protein interactions using macrocyclic β‐sheet scaffolds.
Comparison Between Polypyridyl and Cyclometalated Ruthenium(II) Complexes: Anticancer Activities Against 2D and 3D Cancer Models
Authors: Huang Huaiyi , Zhang Pingyu , Chen Hongmin , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to illustrate the dramatically different anticancer activities between coordinatively saturated polypyridyl (1 a–4 a) and cyclometalated (1 b–4 b) ruthenium(II) complexes. The cyclometalated complexes 1 b–4 b function as DNA transcription inhibitors, exhibiting switch‐on cytotoxicity against a 2D cancer cell monolayer, whereas the polypyridyl complexes 1 a–4 a are relatively inactive. Moreover, complexes 1 b–4 b exhibit excellent cytotoxicity against 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs), which serve as an intermediate model between in vitro 2D cell monolayers and in vivo 3D solid tumors. The hydrophobicity, efficient cell uptake, and nucleus targeting ability, as well as the high DNA binding affinity of complexes 1 b–4 b, likely contribute to their enhanced anticancer activity. We surmise that cyclometalation could be a universal approach to significantly enhance the anticancer activity of substituted polypyridyl RuII complexes. We also suggest that 3D MCTSs may be a more practical platform for anticancer drug screening than 2D cancer monolayer approaches.
Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Click Cycloaddition to Desymmetrization of Maleimide‐Based Bis(alkynes)
Authors: Song Tao , Li Li , Zhou Wei , Zheng Zhan‐Jiang , Deng Yuan , Xu Zheng , Xu Li‐Wen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA copper catalyst system derived from TaoPhos and CuF2 was used successfully for catalytic asymmetric Huisgen [3+2] cycloaddition of azides and alkynes to give optically pure products containing succinimide‐ and triazole‐substituted quaternary carbon stereogenic centers. The desired products were obtained in good yields (60–80 %) and 85:15 to >99:1 enantiomeric ratio (e.r.) in this click cycloaddition reaction.
Controllability of nonlinear diffusion system
Authors: Maidi Ahmed , Corriou Jean‐Pierre 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this article, the semi‐group theory is exploited to study the controllability of a particular but important class of distributed parameter systems with a uniform distributed control variable. This class is described by a partial differential equation that characterizes the nonlinear diffusion phenomenon. The main idea consists of using the Cole–Hopf tangent transformation, under some assumptions, in order to derive an equivalent linear model of the nonlinear diffusion system. Then, the study of the controllability of the linear model, based on the semi‐group approach, allows us to conclude about the controllability of the nonlinear diffusion system. The study is illustrated by an application example.
Phase 1/2 study of nilotinib prophylaxis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with advanced chronic myeloid leukemia or Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Shimoni Avichai , Volchek Yulia , Koren‐Michowitz Maya , Varda‐Bloom Nira , Somech Raz , Shem‐Tov Noga , Yerushalmi Ronit , Nagler Arnon 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDAllogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) remains the standard treatment for advanced chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL). Relapsed disease is the major cause of treatment failure, especially when SCT is given in the setting of advanced disease. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors can be given after transplantation prophylactically or after the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) to reduce the relapse risk.METHODSPosttransplant nilotinib was started after the achievement of sustained engraftment and the resolution of transplant‐related toxicities. Nilotinib was continued until progression or unacceptable toxicity.RESULTSTwenty‐two patients with advanced CML (n = 15) or Ph+ALL (n = 7) underwent SCT with human leukocyte antigen–matched siblings (n = 11), unrelated donors (n = 7), or alternative donors (n = 4). Sixteen patients were given prophylactic nilotinib maintenance, which was started at a median of 38 days after transplantation. Six patients stopped the treatment because of toxicities (mostly gastrointestinal and hepatic). After nilotinib maintenance, 11 patients achieved (n = 9) or maintained (n = 2) a complete molecular response (CMR), and only 1 of them later relapsed. Four of the 5 patients not achieving CMR relapsed. At a median follow‐up of 46 months, 9 patients were alive, and 13 had died. The 2‐year overall and progression‐free survival rates were 55% (95% confidence interval [CI], 34%‐75%) and 45% (95% CI, 25%‐66%), respectively. Among the 16 nilotinib recipients, the rates were 69% (95% CI, 46%‐92%) and 56% (95% CI, 32%‐81%), respectively. The 2‐year nonrelapse mortality and relapse rates for all patients were 32% (95% CI, 17%‐58%) and 23% (95% CI, 11%‐49%), respectively.CONCLUSIONSNilotinib is relatively safe and effective prophylactic therapy for the prevention of relapse after SCT. It may control MRD and convert patients to CMR, which is associated with prolonged survival. These observations merit further study in larger scale studies. Cancer 2015;121:863–871. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Folate–Cyclodextrin Conjugates as Carriers of the Platinum(IV) Complex LA‐12
Authors: Giglio Valentina , Oliveri Valentina , Viale Maurizio , Gangemi Rosaria , Natile Giovanni , Intini Francesco P. , Vecchio Graziella 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFolic acid has emerged as an interesting cell‐targeting moiety and a number of drugs have been conjugated to folate. In this context, new conjugates of β‐cyclodextrins with folate have been synthesised as drug carriers to improve their selectivity for cells overexpressing the folic acid receptor. In particular, both 3‐ and 6‐functionalised β‐cyclodextrins, linked to the α‐ or γ‐carboxylic group of folic acid, have been synthesised and fully characterised. As a proof of concept, the antitumour platinum(IV) complex cis–trans–cis‐[PtCl2(CH3CO2)2(adamantylamine)(NH3)] (LA‐12) has been used as a guest drug. The LA‐12–cyclodextrin inclusion complexes have been tested on tumour cells. In the presence of cyclodextrin–folate conjugates, LA‐12 exhibited IC50 values four times smaller than those of LA‐12 alone in MDA‐MB‐231 cells, which overexpress folic acid receptors on their membrane. No improvement of LA‐12 cytotoxicity was found in control tumour cells that do not overexpress the folate receptor. Thus, the non‐covalent approach, based on inclusion complexes with functionalised cyclodextrins, looks very promising for drug targeting.
Impact of roux‐en Y gastric bypass surgery on prognostic factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus: meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Chen Yali , Zeng Guangzheng , Tan Jingwang , Tang Jun , Ma Jingsheng , Rao Benqiang 
Published: November 2014

SummaryOur aim is to clarify the features of complete type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission in patients who undergo Roux‐en Y gastric bypass surgery, to better determine factors affecting the outcome of T2DM surgery. A search was conducted for original studies on Medline, PubMed and Elsevier from inception until October 28, 2014. All of the articles included in this study were assessed with the application of predetermined selection criteria and were divided into two groups: Roux‐en Y gastric bypass surgery for T2DM patients in remission or non‐remission. The meta‐analysis results demonstrated that fasting C‐peptide values were significantly associated with increased remission (C‐peptide: 95%CI = 0.2–1.0) whereas T2DM duration, patient age, preoperative insulin use, preoperative fasting blood glucose values and preoperative glycosylated haemoglobin values were significantly associated with reduced remission (T2DM duration: 95%CI = −1.2 – −0.7; age: 95%CI = −0.5 – −0.1; percentage of preoperative insulin users: odd ratio = 0.10, 95%CI = 0.07–0.15; preoperative fasting blood glucose: 95%CI = −0.9 – −0.5; preoperative glycosylated haemoglobin: 95%CI = −1.1 – −0.4). However, the results demonstrated that body mass index was not statistically different (body mass index: 95%CI = −0.2–0.6). The results of the systematic review demonstrated that smaller waist circumference; lower total cholesterol, triglycerides and low‐density lipoprotein levels, increased higher high‐density lipoprotein levels, shorter cardiovascular disease history and less preoperative prevalence of hypertension contribute to the increased postoperative remission rate. Better results are obtained in younger patients with less severe diabetes, a smaller waist circumference, higher preoperative high‐density lipoprotein, lower preoperative total cholesterol, triglycerides and low‐density lipoprotein levels and fewer other complications of shorter durations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating indices of body condition in two cricket species
Authors: Kelly Clint D. , Tawes Brittany R. , Worthington Amy M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBody mass components (dry mass, lean dry mass, water mass, fat mass) in each sex correlate strongly with body mass and pronotum length in Gryllus texensis and Acheta domesticus. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression underestimates the scaling relationship between body mass and structural size (i.e., pronotum length) in both cricket species compared with standard major axis (SMA) regression. Standardized mass components correlate more strongly with scaled mass index () than with residual body mass (Ri). Ri represents the residuals from an OLS regression of log body mass against log pronotum length. Neither condition index predicts energy stores (i.e., fat content) in G. texensis. Ri is not correlated with energy stores in A. domesticus whereas is negatively correlated. A comparison of condition index methods using published data showed that neither sex nor diet quality affected body condition at adulthood in G. texensis when using the scaled mass index. However, the residual index suggested that sex had a significant effect on body condition. Further, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) suggested that diet quality significantly affects body mass while statistically controlling for body size (i.e., body condition). We conclude that the statistical assumptions of condition index methods must be met prior to use and urge caution when using methods that are based on least squares in the y‐plane (i.e., residual index ANCOVA).
Redox and Photochemistry of Bis(terpyridine)ruthenium(II) Amino Acids and Their Amide Conjugates – from Understanding to Applications
Authors: Breivogel Aaron , Kreitner Christoph , Heinze Katja 
Published: November 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Katja Heinze at the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany. The cover image shows the bis(terpyridine)ruthenium(II) amino acid [Ru(4′‐tpy‐COOH)(4′‐tpy‐NH2)]2+ (tpy = 2,2′;6′,2″‐terpyridine), illustrating some of its multifaceted optical and redox chemical properties as well as highlighting its potential applications in light‐to‐energy conversion and energy‐to‐light conversion schemes.