bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Biofilm Formation by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Isolates from Patients with Invasive Disease or Otitis Media versus Strains Recovered from Cases of Respiratory Infections
Authors: Puig Carmen , Domenech Arnau , Garmendia Junkal , Langereis Jeroen D. , Mayer Pascal , Calatayud Laura , Liñares Josefina , Ardanuy Carmen , Marti Sara 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Biofilm formation by nontypeable (NT)
Haemophilus influenzae
remains a controversial topic. Nevertheless, biofilm-like structures have been observed in the middle-ear mucosa of experimental chinchilla models of otitis media (OM). To date, there have been no studies of biofilm formation in large collections of clinical isolates. This study aimed to investigate the initial adhesion to a solid surface and biofilm formation by NT
H. influenzae
by comparing isolates from healthy carriers, those with noninvasive respiratory disease, and those with invasive respiratory disease. We used 352 isolates from patients with nonbacteremic community-acquired pneumonia (NB-CAP), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), OM, and invasive disease and a group of healthy colonized children. We then determined the speed of initial adhesion to a solid surface by the BioFilm ring test and quantified biofilm formation by crystal violet staining. Isolates from different clinical sources displayed high levels of biofilm formation on a static solid support after growth for 24 h. We observed clear differences in initial attachment and biofilm formation depending on the pathology associated with NT
H. influenzae
isolation, with significantly increased biofilm formation for NT
H. influenzae
isolates collected from patients with invasive disease and OM compared with NT
H. influenzae
isolates from patients with NB-CAP or COPD and healthy colonized subjects. In all cases, biofilm structures were detached by proteinase K treatment, suggesting an important role for proteins in the initial adhesion and static biofilm formation measured by crystal violet staining.
Genome Sequencing of 15 Clinical
Vibrio
Isolates, Including 13 Non-O1/Non-O139 Serogroup Strains
Authors: Bishop-Lilly Kimberly A. , Johnson Shannon L. , Verratti Kathleen , Luu Truong , Khiani Amy , Awosika Joy , Mokashi Vishwesh P. , Chain Patrick S. G. , Sozhamannan Shanmuga 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

We present draft genome sequences of 15 clinical
Vibrio
isolates of various serogroups. These are valuable data for use in studying
Vibrio cholerae
genetic diversity, epidemic potential, and strain attribution.
Draft Genome of a Novel
Chlorobi
Member Assembled by Tetranucleotide Binning of a Hot Spring Metagenome
Authors: Stamps Blake W. , Corsetti Frank A. , Spear John R. , Stevenson Bradley S. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

The genome of a member of the phylum
Chlorobi
was assembled from a shotgun metagenomic sequence of a hot spring in Mammoth Lakes, CA. This organism appears to be a novel, aerobic, photosynthetic
Chlorobi
member, expanding the knowledge of this underrepresented phylum.
Improving residents’ clinical approach to obesity: impact of a multidisciplinary didactic curriculum
Authors: Acosta Andres , Azzalin Alice , Emmons Claudia J , Shuster Jonathan J , Jay Melanie , Lo Margaret C 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background/Objectives
Obesity has been declared a 21st century pandemic by WHO. Yet surveys reveal physicians-in-training are uncomfortable managing obesity. One major barrier is the lack of residency education on obesity management. This study incorporates an obesity-specific didactic curriculum into an internal medicine (IM) residency programme and assesses its impact on residents’ knowledge, attitudes, practice behaviours, and clinical outcomes in patients with obesity.

Methods
The intervention consisted of four, 1 h, obesity-specific lectures in the University of Florida Resident Noon Conference. Lectures were taught by multidisciplinary experts and offered to 75 IM residents every 2 weeks from 5 November 2010 to 17 December 2010. Impact on IM residents’ knowledge and attitudes was assessed by a pre- and post-intervention Obesity Awareness Questionnaire (OAQ). IM residents’ clinical performance was assessed by chart reviews of 238 patients with body mass index &gt;25 kg/m2 in residents’ clinics 4 months pre- and 6 months post-intervention for three clinical outcomes and seven practice behaviours on obesity management. Pre- and post-intervention outcomes were compared via paired t tests (quantitative data) or McNemar’s test (binary data).

Results
Mean lecture attendance was 25/75 residents (33%) per lecture. Survey response was 67/75 residents (89%) pre-OAQ and 63/75 residents (84%) post-OAQ. While most attitudes remained unchanged, IM residents gained significant confidence in exercise counselling, safety of bariatric surgery, and patients’ weight loss potential; they were more likely to address obesity in the plan and referrals to bariatric surgery. Clinical outcomes and IM residents’ knowledge demonstrated no improvement.

Conclusions
Our brief lecture-based curriculum has the potential to improve IM residents’ attitudes and practice behaviours towards obesity. The lack of improvement in clinical outcomes and resident knowledge prompts the need for multimodal, longitudinal curricula with experiential application of obesity medicine.
Ore deposits in an evolving Earth: an introduction
Authors: Jenkin Gawen R. T. , Lusty Paul A. J. , McDonald Iain , Smith Martin P. , Boyce Adrian J. , Wilkinson Jamie J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Ore deposits form by a variety of natural processes that concentrate elements into a small volume that can be economically mined. Their type, character and abundance reflect the environment in which they formed and thus they preserve key evidence for the evolution of magmatic and tectonic processes, the state of the atmosphere and hydrosphere, and the evolution of life over geological time. This volume presents 13 papers on topical subjects in ore deposit research viewed in the context of Earth evolution. These diverse, yet interlinked, papers cover topics including: controls on the temporal and spatial distribution of ore deposits; the sources of fluid, gold and other components in orogenic gold deposits; the degree of oxygenation in the Neoproterozoic ocean; bacterial immobilization of gold in the semi-arid near-surface environment; and mineral resources for the future, including issues of resource estimation, sustainability of supply and the criticality of certain elements to society.
Potential submerged Aboriginal archaeological sites in South West Arm, Port Hacking, New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Nutley David M. , Coroneos Cosmos , Wheeler James 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Sealed, submerged palaeoenvironmental deposits date the time range for lithic technologies and enable inferences about cultural change – potentially more accurately than radiometric methods. Sea-level rises triggered by global warming reduce available land, and change the availability of flora, fauna, geological resources, rivers and wetlands. Australian archaeological studies on human adaptation to climate change focus mainly on terrestrial sites, coastal intensification and the few archaeological sites that were not inundated.
The South West Arm project at Port Hacking, south of Sydney, looks at the potential for rock shelters to survive inundation and expand the sites available for studying human adaption to climate change.
Site prediction was based on recorded terrestrial rock-shelter landforms at South West Arm. Underwater surveys were conducted by divers who located, photographed and mapped similar formations. No excavation was conducted.
The pre-disturbance survey examined approximately 1800 m of seabed, between water depths of 0 and 9 m, primarily along the eastern shoreline of South West Arm where the seabed emulates the steep slope, with sandstone rock outcrops that form terraces and rock overhangs above water.
Twelve submerged rock overhangs were recorded and confirmed the potential for rock-shelter sites to survive the process of inundation.
Childhood Brain Tumor Epidemiology: A Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium Review
Authors: Johnson Kimberly J. , Cullen Jennifer , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S. , Ostrom Quinn T. , Langer Chelsea E. , Turner Michelle C. , McKean-Cowdin Roberta , Fisher James L. , Lupo Philip J. , Partap Sonia , Schwartzbaum Judith A. , Scheurer Michael E. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Childhood brain tumors are the most common pediatric solid tumor and include several histologic subtypes. Although progress has been made in improving survival rates for some subtypes, understanding of risk factors for childhood brain tumors remains limited to a few genetic syndromes and ionizing radiation to the head and neck. In this report, we review descriptive and analytical epidemiology childhood brain tumor studies from the past decade and highlight priority areas for future epidemiology investigations and methodological work that is needed to advance our understanding of childhood brain tumor causes. Specifically, we summarize the results of a review of studies published since 2004 that have analyzed incidence and survival in different international regions and that have examined potential genetic, immune system, developmental and birth characteristics, and environmental risk factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2716–36. ©2014 AACR.
A comparison of wear rate of direct and indirect resin composites: A two-body wear abrasion test
Authors: Yildirim Bicer Arzu Zeynep , Karakis Duygu , Dogan Arife , Mert Faruk 
Published: September 2014

Purpose The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate and compare two-body wear of hybrid, microhybrid, and nanohybrid direct and indirect composite resins. Materials and methods A pin-on-disc wear device was used to study the effects of the water on two-body wear rate of two microhybrid composites (Solidex® and Dialog®), a nanohybrid composite (Grandio®SO), and three direct composite resins: a hybrid composite (Herculite Classic™), a submicron hybrid composite (Charisma®), and a nanohybrid composite (Tetric® N-Ceram). For testing, 12 specimens of each material with 6.5 mm diameter and 4 mm height were made and half of the specimens were stored in the distilled water for 1 week at 37℃. In order to evaluate the wear rate of samples, a normal load of 15 N was applied to specimen’s surface. The 6.5 mm diameter composite sample held to pin holder and AISI 316 L stainless steel was employed as the disc. The following experimental parameters were kept constant for all tests: sliding velocity = 0.6 m/s, temperature 25 ± 3℃, 1.2 Hz, and 10,000 cycles. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey’s test were performed to compare the wear rate of resin composites. Results Ranking of wear rate (most to least) without water exposure was as follows: Dialog>Solidex>Charisma>GrandioSO>Tetric Ceram=Herculite. No significant difference in wear was observed between GrandioSO, Tetric N-Ceram, and Herculite Classic, with and without water exposure (p > .05, respectively). Conclusions The nanohybrid resins—regardless of indirect or direct use—showed significantly less abrasive wear than the microhybrid resins.
Preoperative Radiological Factors Correlated to Long-Term Recurrence of Hallux Valgus Following Distal Chevron Osteotomy
Authors: Pentikainen Ilkka , Ojala Risto , Ohtonen Pasi , Piippo Jouni , Leppilahti Juhana 
Published: September 2014

Background: The purpose of this article was to analyze the long-term radiologic results after distal chevron osteotomy for hallux valgus treatment and to determine the preoperative radiographic factors correlating with radiological recurrence of the deformity. Methods: The study included 100 consecutive patients who received distal chevron osteotomy for hallux valgus. The osteotomy included fixation with an absorbable pin in 50 cases, and no fixation in the other 50. For 6 weeks postoperatively, half of each group used a soft cast and half had a traditional elastic bandage. Weight-bearing radiographs were evaluated at 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and a mean of 7.9 (range, 5.8-9.4) years postoperatively. Results: At the final follow-up, radiological recurrence of hallux valgus deformity (HVA > 15 degrees) was observed in 56 feet (73%). Eleven feet (14%) had mild recurrence (HVA < 20 degrees), 44 (57%) moderate (20 degrees ≥ HVA < 40 degrees), and 1 (1%) severe (HVA ≥ 40 degrees). All recurrences were painless, and thus no revision surgery was required. Long-term hallux valgus recurrence was significantly affected by preoperative congruence, DMAA, sesamoid position, HVA, and I/II IMA. Conclusions: Radiological recurrence of hallux valgus deformity of 15 degrees or more was very common at long-term follow-up after distal chevron osteotomy. Preoperative congruence, DMAA, sesamoid position (LaPorta), HVA, and I/II IMA significantly affected recurrence. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative case series.
Distribution of calcification in carotid endarterectomy tissues: Comparison of micro-computed tomography imaging with histology
Authors: Ababneh Bashar , Rejjal Loui , Pokharel Yashashwi , Nambi Vijay , Wang Xukui , Tung Ching-Hsuan , Han Richard I , Taylor Addison A , Kougias Panagiotis , Lumsden Alan B , Lawrie Gerald , Reardon Michael , Ballantyne Christie M , Morrisett Joel D , Brunner Gerd 
Published: September 2014

Background: Calcification in atherosclerotic plaques has been viewed as a marker of plaque stability, but whether calcification accumulates in specific anatomic sites in the carotid artery is unknown. We determined the burden and distribution of calcified plaque in carotid endarterectomy (CEA) tissues. Methods: A total of 22 CEA tissues were imaged with high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Total plaque burden and total calcium score using the Agatston method were quantified. The Agatston score (AS) was also normalized for tissue size. Plaque and calcium distribution were analyzed separately for three CEA regions: common segment (CS), bulb segment (BS), and internal/external segments (IES). Results: The average CEA tissue length was 40.83 (interquartile range [IQR] 33.31–42.41) mm with total plaque burden of 103.45 (IQR: 78.84–156.81) mm3 and total AS of 38.58 (IQR 11.59–89.97). Total plaque volume was 21.02 (IQR: 14.47–25.42) mm3 in the CS, 37.89 (22.59–48.32) mm3 in the BS, and 54.05 (36.87–74.52) mm3 in the IES. Of the 22 tissues, 15 had no calcium in the CS compared with three in the bulb and two in the IES. Normalized calcified plaque was most prevalent in the BS, the IES and was least prevalent in the CS. The overall correlation of calcification between histology sections and matched micro-CT images was 0.86 ( p<0.001). Conclusions: Calcified plaque is heterogeneously distributed in CEA tissues with most in the bulb and IES regions. The amount of calcification in micro-CT slices shows a high correlation with matched histology sections.
Experiencia de participación comunitaria para el manejo adecuado de residuos sólidos urbanos en México
Authors: Rojas Carmona Anabel , Rodríguez Bolaños Rosibel , Álamo Hernández Urinda , Pacheco Magaña Lilian E. , Treviño Siller Sandra , Márquez Serrano Margarita 
Published: September 2014

Objetivo: Diseñar, implementar y evaluar una intervención educativa que contribuya al manejo adecuado de los residuos sólidos urbanos con participación de una comunidad semiurbana, al norte de Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Material y métodos: Estudio con medición pre y post-intervención educativa, también llamado diseño pre-experimental, con aproximación cuanti-cualitativa. Cuestionario hecho en 27 hogares, 3 grupos focales, 8 entrevistas y creación de un registro etnográfico, de agosto 2010 a mayo 2011. Resultados: Participaron 23 niños/niñas y 14 mujeres de manera directa, en actividades de la intervención. Se incrementó 4,74% el conocimiento sobre manejo de los residuos ( p = 0,036), 4.5% la susceptibilidad percibida ( p = 0,041) y 3.39% los beneficios percibidos ( p = 0,032). La basura se percibe como problema asociado a daños a la salud y medio ambiente. Se identificó a la mujer como responsable del manejo de residuos sólidos. Se favoreció la relación vecinal e incorporación de acciones de separar residuos y barrer las calles con más frecuencia. Conclusiones: Reconocer a la población como guía de acciones en salud es fundamental para el éxito de intervenciones comunitarias. Se recomienda el uso de una metodología participativa en otras propuestas de intervención.
Functional outcome and the structural integrity of arthroscopic Bankart repair: a prospective trial
Authors: Zhu Mark , Young Simon W , Pinto Clinton , Poon Peter C 
Published: September 2014

Background Recurrent anterior shoulder dislocations are common in young patients with Bankart lesions. Arthroscopic repair is an established treatment; however, recurrent instability occurs in up to 35% of patients. It is unclear whether recurrence is the result of a failure of the surgical repair to heal or a repeat injury. The aim of the present pilot study was to assess radiographic healing of Bankart lesions 6 months post surgical repair and identify any correlations between radiographic findings and subsequent recurrent dislocations. Methods Eighteen patients underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair for recurrent instability. Magnetic resonance (MR) arthrograms were obtained both pre-operatively and 6 months postoperatively. Standard T1 and T2 views were obtained along with an abduction and external rotation (ABER) view. Patients were followed for a minimum of 4 years for the risk of recurrence, and functional outcomes were obtained, including the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Subjective Shoulder Scale, Ontario Shoulder Instability Index, Oxford Shoulder Instability Score and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey. Scores were correlated with pre-operative and postoperative MR findings. Results Six of 18 patients developed recurrent instability. We could not identify correlations between reconstructed labrum (labral bumper) position, failure at suture sites and ABER findings with recurrent instability or functional outcome. Paradoxically, there was a nonstatistically significant trend for patients with no clefts between the labrum and the glenoid at any points along the repair to have worse outcomes than patients with partial or complete clefts. Conclusions In our pilot study, MR arthrogram was used to evaluate the labrum in detail 6 months postoperatively. Despite its proven ability to detect labral lesions, we were unable to demonstrate any features on postoperative MR arthrogram that predicted either functional outcome or recurrent instability. At 6 months post operation, functional recovery and the risk of recurrence may not depend on the anatomical appearance of the labrum alone.
Readmission for Infective Endocarditis After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Chu Stacy Y. , Merkler Alexander E. , Cheng Natalie T. , Kamel Hooman 
Published: September 2014

Background and Purpose: Providers vary in their thresholds for obtaining blood cultures in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). We assessed the rate of missed diagnoses of infective endocarditis (IE) in patients discharged with stroke or TIA before blood culture results could have been available. Methods: Using administrative claims data, we performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients discharged from nonfederal California emergency departments or acute care hospitals from 2005 through 2011 with stroke ( International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ ICD-9-CM] codes 433.x1, 434.x1, or 436 in any position) or TIA ( ICD-9-CM code 435 in the primary diagnosis position). We excluded patients with a length of stay >2 days to focus on those discharged before conclusive blood culture results could have been available. Our outcome was hospitalization within 14 days with a new diagnosis of IE ( ICD-9-CM codes 391.1 or 421.x in any position). Results: Among 173 966 eligible patients, 24 were subsequently hospitalized for IE—a readmission rate of 1.4 per 10 000 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8-1.9 per 10 000). Multiple logistic regression identified the following potential associations with readmission: prosthetic valve: odds ratio (OR), 15.8 (95% CI, 1.9-129.0); other valvular disease: OR, 1.5 (95% CI, 0.2-10.8); urinary tract infection: OR, 3.5 (95% CI, 1.0-12.3; P = .05). Conclusions: In patients with acute cerebral ischemia discharged before blood culture results could have been available, the rate of subsequent IE was negligible. These findings argue against the liberal use of blood cultures for the routine evaluation of stroke or TIA.
Performance and Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in National Hockey League Players
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Harris Joshua D. , Cole Brian J. , Frank Rachel M. , Fillingham Yale A. , Ellman Michael B. , Verma Nikhil N. , Bach Bernard R. 
Published: September 2014

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a significant injury in male National Hockey League (NHL) players. Purpose: To determine (1) the return to sport (RTS) rate in the NHL following ACL reconstruction, (2) performance on RTS, and (3) the difference in RTS and performance between players who underwent ACL reconstruction and controls. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: NHL players undergoing ACL reconstruction were evaluated. All demographic data were analyzed. Matched controls were selected from the NHL during the same years as those undergoing ACL reconstruction. The “index year” (relative to the number of years of experience in the NHL) in controls was the same as the year that cases underwent ACL reconstruction. RTS and performance in the NHL were analyzed and compared between cases and controls. Student t tests were performed for analysis of within- and between-group variables. Bonferroni correction was used in the setting of multiple comparisons. Results: A total of 36 players (37 knees) meeting the inclusion criteria underwent ACL reconstruction while in the NHL. Thirty-five players were able to RTS in the NHL (97%), and 1 player returned to the international Kontinental Hockey League. Of the players who RTS in the NHL, 100% were able to RTS the season after ACL reconstruction (mean, 7.8 ± 2.4 months). Length of career in the NHL after ACL reconstruction was 4.47 ± 3.3 years. The revision rate was 2.5%. There were significantly more cases playing in the NHL at 3 ( P = .027) and 4 ( P = .029) years following surgery compared with controls (index year). After ACL reconstruction, player performance was not significantly different from preinjury performance. Following ACL reconstruction (or index year in controls), cases played significantly more minutes, took more shots, had better shooting percentages, and scored more goals and points than did controls ( P < .01 for all). Control players did not significantly outperform cases after ACL reconstruction in any performance measure. Conclusion: There is a high RTS rate in the NHL following ACL reconstruction. All players who RTS did so the season following surgery. Performance following ACL reconstruction was not significantly different from preinjury. Cases performed better than did controls in several performance measures. Controls did not outperform cases in any measured performance variable.