bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognoses and risk stratification of thrombus‐associated events in heart failure patients without atrial fibrillation
Authors: Li Yanxuan , Li Zihan , Si Daoyuan , Yang Ping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsWe aim to assess the risk of thrombus‐associated events (TAE) in patients with heart failure (HF) without atrial fibrillation (AF) and develop an effective scoring system for a risk stratification model.Methods and resultsThis retrospective study included 450 patients (median age 64.0 years, interquartile range [55.0, 75.0]; 31.6% women) hospitalized for HF without AF and atrial flutter, but with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 55% and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class of III–IV. A median follow‐up of 47 months was conducted. In the present study, TAE during follow‐up was independently associated with both all‐cause death [hazard ratio (HR) 1.756, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.324–2.328, P < 0.001] and readmission for HF (HR 1.574, 95% CI 1.122–2.208, P = 0.009) after adjustment for covariates. Hypertension (HR 1.573, 95% CI 1.018–2.429, P = 0.041), atrial arrhythmia excluding AF (AAexAF) (HR 2.041, 95% CI 1.066–3.908, P = 0.031), previous ischaemic stroke (HR 2.469, 95% CI 1.576–3.869, P < 0.001), and vascular disease (HR 1.658, 95% CI 1.074–2.562, P = 0.023) were independently associated with TAE. Age (HR 1.021, 95% CI 1.008–1.033, P = 0.001), previous ischaemic stroke (HR 1.685, 95% CI 1.248–2.274, P = 0.001), LVEF ([10, 25] vs. [40, 55]) HR 1.925, 95% CI 1.311–2.826, P = 0.001; (25, 40] vs. (40, 55] HR 1.084, 95% CI 0.825–1.424, P = 0.563), and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) (HR 0.991, 95% CI 0.986–0.996, P = 0.001) were independently associated with composite events of TAE and death (TAE‐D). CHA2DS2VASc modestly predicted 5‐year TAE [area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) 0.660, P < 0.001 compared with 0.5] and TAE‐D (AUC 0.639, P < 0.001 compared with 0.5). (C)ACE, formed by incorporating AAexAF, LVEF, and Ccr into CHA2DS2VASc, had higher AUC for predicting 5‐year TAE (0.694 vs. 0.660, P = 0.018) and TAE‐D (0.708 vs. 0.639, P < 0.001) compared with CHA2DS2VASc. In patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), (C)ACE and (C)ACEN [formed by incorporating NYHA into (C)ACE] had higher AUC compared with CHA2DS2VASc in predicting 5‐year TAE (0.700 and 0.707 vs. 0.649, P = 0.013 and 0.030, respectively) and TAE‐D (0.712 and 0.713 vs. 0.622, P < 0.001 and <0.001, respectively). The AUC did not improve statistically from (C)ACE to (C)ACEN (0.700 vs. 0.707, P = 0.600 for TAE; 0.712 vs. 0.713, P = 0.917 for TAE‐D).ConclusionsIn HF without AF, TAE during follow‐up was associated with adverse prognoses. The independent risk factors of TAE or TAE‐D improved CHA2DS2‐VASc predictive ability, especially in patients with HFrEF. Our findings provide new evidence for TAE risk stratification in HF without AF, potentially guiding prophylactic anticoagulation.
Optimal path calculation method of optical network under complex constraints
Authors: Zhu Peng , Sun Hong , Xiang Qian , Zhang Zhenming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo address the optimal solution problem of loop‐free paths in software‐defined optical networks with multiple complex logical relationships, a unified constraint expression is utilized to describe the constraints. The logical relationships of complex constraints are dissected and simplified, differentiating between “AND” and “OR” constraints. An optimal path calculation method is proposed, involving the transformation of the network topology based on various constraints. This transformation includes layering the topology, removing specific links, and adding necessary links to portray the different complex constraints onto the original network structure. Following the topology transformation, an enhanced K‐shortest path algorithm is employed to compute the route satisfying the combination of multiple complex constraints, resulting in the global optimal solution. Experimental results demonstrate that this method can determine the optimal path under intricate constraints in a single computational iteration without requiring prior knowledge of the optimal constraint sequence. Therefore, it offers significant practical value compared to existing algorithms.
Salt reduction strategies and enhanced saltiness perception mechanisms for prepared dishes: A review
Authors: Lan Haijing , Chen Lei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHealthy prepared dishes are receiving increasing attention, with high salt content being their prominent feature, and a long‐term high sodium diet may lead to various diseases. At present, replacing NaCl with non‐sodium salts has become the main salt reduction method, but these substitutes will bring adverse flavors to the product, and excessive use of KCl will also affect health. Therefore, the study of flavor peptides combined with new green technologies is a potentially effective strategy to reduce salt without reducing saltiness. This article reviews the current salt reduction strategies, the effects of food matrix, basic amino acids, other tastes and odors on saltiness, and the relationship between saltiness and receptor structure and transduction mechanism. In addition, the saltiness assessment methods were introduced, and the current challenges faced by the strategy of reducing salt without reducing saltiness were discussed. The preparation of salty peptides and salty enhancing peptides from natural foods and the combination of them with new green technologies may be an effective method for salt reduction in the food industry. This review can provide theoretical reference for the prepared dishes industry to reduce salt without reducing saltiness.
Numerical investigation of slip effects on heat and mass transfer in a vertical channel with immiscible micropolar and viscous fluids of variable viscosity
Authors: Gosty Vanaja , Srinivas Gosukonda , Suresh Babu Baluguri 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the fluid flow, heat, and mass transfer phenomena within a vertical channel containing two immiscible fluids, with a particular focus on slip effects. These effects include no slip, velocity slip, thermal slip, and multiple slips, each analyzed with appropriate boundary conditions. The study thoroughly examines key characteristics, such as variations in thermal conductivity and viscosity. Using a sixth‐order Runge–Kutta numerical method implemented using Mathematica, the study achieves precise solutions for complex scenarios. The detailed results show how the various slip mechanisms and relevant parameters interact with each other in complex ways. These findings are useful for both theoretical understanding and application in real‐life engineering situations. This study also gives important information about how fluid flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer change under different slip effects. It looks at these effects and shows how they change visually. It also carefully calculates and analyzes engineering parameters like the Nusselt number, shear stress, and Sherwood number using bar charts, showing how they affect and behave. The study resulted in velocity slip having a minimal impact on temperature, whereas thermal slip resulted in higher temperatures. Both velocity and thermal slip conditions simultaneously result in the lowest temperatures.
Unsteady MHD‐radiative thin film flow with heat transfer over a stretching surface in porous media
Authors: Gomathy G. , Rushi Kumar B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study conducts a computational analysis to explore how magnetic fields, radiation, heat, and mass transfer collectively influence a horizontal stretching sheet within a porous medium. The research focuses on elucidating the dynamics of thin film flow through the formulation of time‐dependent equations and subsequent transformation of fluid flow equations into ordinary differential equations via similarity transformation. The numerical solution is attained employing the Runge–Kutta fourth‐order method coupled with a shooting technique. MATLAB software is utilized to generate graphs and numerical values, offering a detailed representation of engineering‐relevant physical quantities in tabular form. The investigation revealed notable trends associated with varying parameters. Increasing unsteadiness parameters lead to a reduction in velocity, temperature, and concentration fields, while the temperature distribution demonstrates a positive correlation with radiation parameters. Moreover, elevated Prandtl numbers and unsteadiness parameters correspond to augmented heat and mass flux, respectively. Of particular significance is the observed heightened heat transfer rate during the transition from a Prandtl number of 1 (representing air) to 2 (representing oil), alongside an increased mass transfer rate with the escalation in Schmidt number from 0.62 (representing hydrogen) to 0.78 (representing ammonia). A comparative analysis of the numerical findings with existing literature demonstrates excellent agreement, affirming the validity and relevance of the present study. These insights offer valuable implications for understanding and optimizing heat and mass transfer processes in porous media, with potential applications in various engineering and scientific domains.
Ocular microbiota types and longitudinal microbiota alterations in patients with chronic dacryocystitis with and without antibiotic pretreatment
Authors: Wu Shengru , Zhu Limin , Wang Tingting , Zhang Chenguang , Lin Jiaqi , He Yanjin , Yao Junhu , Lin Tingting , Du Juan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAntibiotic pretreatment is routine for chronic dacryocystitis (DC) patients. Herein, the longitudinal effects of antibiotic pretreatment before dacryocystorhinostomy for DC patients were evaluated. Conjunctival and nasal swabs were collected longitudinally from 33 DC patients with and without antibiotic pretreatment, both before dacryocystorhinostomy and at 1, 2, and 4 weeks postdacryocystorhinostomy. Additionally, conjunctival sac swabs were collected from 46 healthy volunteers and 14 other ocular diseases patients. Comparisons focused on ocular/nasal microbiota and recovery outcomes. Compared to healthy participants, DC patients without antibiotic pretreatment exhibited greater ocular microbiota diversity before dacryocystorhinostomy. Although clinical recovery rates were comparable, our results suggest that, after antibiotic pretreatment, the ocular microbiota richness and diversity, and the composition alteration tendency, significantly changed 4 weeks after surgery. This implies that the ocular microbiota was more disturbed in patients who underwent antibiotic pretreatment compared to those without such treatment. Furthermore, two types of ocular microbiota and three types of nasal microbiota were identified in ocular diseases. This study provides comprehensive data on the ocular and nasal microbiota in DC patients with and without antibiotic pretreatment, along with other ocular diseases. This finding suggested that antibiotic pretreatment may not be necessary before dacryocystorhinostomy for DC patients, especially for nonsevere cases.
Making Design Moves: Exploring the Relationship Between Gender, Self‐Efficacy, and Design Moves in Collaborative Ideation
Authors: Powell Alexandra , Mann Abbey K. , Rossmann Jenn S. , Prabhu Rohan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTAs more women enter engineering, the climate of engineering teams must be improved to ensure that women feel included and inspired to design innovative solutions. Prior research suggests that women in STEM often report lower levels of self‐efficacy, which could limit their engagement in collaborative design tasks. Unfortunately, little research has explored how designers' gender and self‐efficacy play a role in collaborative ideation and we aim to explore this research gap. We conducted an observational study with nominal—that is, non‐interacting—and balanced four‐member design teams, involving a collaborative ideation task. From the results, we see that the mean frequency of new ideas proposed by men was greater than those proposed by women. This result suggests that men may emphasize creating new ideas rather than acknowledging others' ideas. Furthermore, we see that men with higher self‐efficacy provided more compliments and criticisms, and these relationships were relatively weaker or the opposite for women. These results suggest that participants with different gender identities may make different design moves in collaboration ideation, and these differences are further influenced by their self‐efficacy. These results call for further exploration into the role of self‐efficacy in creating inclusive collaborative design environments, especially for designers belonging to historically underrepresented identities.
Water Versus Electrolyte Rehydration on Vocal Fold Osmotic and Oxidative Stress Gene Expression
Authors: Bailey Taylor W. , Venkatraman Anumitha , Cannes do Nascimento Naila , Cox Abigail , Sivasankar M. Preeti 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesSystemic dehydration may induce osmotic and oxidative stress in the vocal folds, but our knowledge of the biology and mitigation with rehydration is limited. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate whether systemic dehydration induces vocal fold oxidative and osmotic stress and to compare the impact of rehydration by water intake versus electrolyte intake on osmotic and oxidative stress‐related gene expression.MethodsFour‐month‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats (N = 32) underwent water restriction. Rehydration was achieved with ad libitum access to water or electrolytes for 24 hours. Rats were divided into four groups: euhydration control, dehydration‐only, dehydration followed by either water or electrolyte rehydration (n = 8/group). Gene expression was assessed via RT2 Gene Expression Profiler arrays.ResultsWith respect to oxidative stress, 10 genes were upregulated and 2 were downregulated after vocal fold dehydration compared with the euhydrated control. Concerning osmotic stress, six genes were upregulated with dehydration only, six genes were upregulated following rehydration with water, whereas a single gene was upregulated with electrolyte rehydration. All genes with significantly different expression between the rehydration groups showed lower expression with electrolytes compared with water.ConclusionsThe results support a potential role of oxidative and osmotic stresses in vocal folds related to systemic dehydration. The differences in stress‐related gene expression in vocal fold tissue between rehydration with electrolytes or water, albeit modest, suggest that both rehydration options offer clinical utility to subjects experiencing vocal fold dehydration with preliminary evidence that electrolytes may be more effective than water in resolving osmotic stress.Level of EvidenceNA (prospective animal study) Laryngoscope, 134:4636–4641, 2024
Synthesis and Polymerization of the Bio‐Benzoxazine Derived from Resveratrol and Thiophenemethylamine and Properties of its Polymer
Authors: Zhong Min , Yin Ren , Sun Zichao , Jiang Tianjia , Sheng Weichen , Zhang Kan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResveratrol and 2‐thiophenemethylamine have been employed in the synthesis of a novel tri‐functional benzoxazine (RES‐th) to develop the bio‐benzoxazine monomer. The chemical structure of the synthesized monomer is confirmed by various characterization technics. The polymerization behavior is monitored by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The in situ FTIR results reveal distinct reaction mechanisms for the three oxazine rings presented in RES‐th, with both ether and phenolic Mannich bridge structures observed in the products. The activation energy values of RES‐th are calculated to be 119.05, 120.97, and 119.44 kJ mol−1 by Kissinger, Ozawa, and Starink methods, respectively, which are all based on the heat flow curves at various heating temperatures. The thermal stability and flame retardancy of the resulting polybenzoxazine (poly(RES‐th)) are investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC). The values of Td5 and Td10 of polybenzoxazine are found to be 356 °C and 399 °C, respectively, with a char yield of 66.3% at 800 °C. The prepared polybenzoxazine also demonstrates nonflammability characteristics with the values of heat release capacity (HRC) and total heat release rate (THR) of 18.65 J (g K)−1 and 2.69 kJ g−1, respectively. These findings suggest that the thermoset, poly(RES‐th), is a promising candidate for fire‐resistant applications.
γ‐Tocotrienol enhances autophagy of gastric cancer cells by the regulation of GSK3β/β‐Catenin pathway
Authors: Zhu Hao , Wang Fa‐Lin , Zhang Shuang , Xue Li , Gao Guang‐Qiang , Dong Hong‐Wei , Wang Qi , Sun Wen‐Guang , Liu Jia‐Ren 
Published: July 2024

Abstractγ‐Tocotrienol (γ‐T3) is a major subtype of vitamin E, mainly extracted from palm trees, barley, walnuts, and other plants. γ‐T3 has effects on anti‐inflammation, anti‐oxidation, and potential chemoprevention against malignancies. It is still uncompleted to understand the effect of γ‐T3 on the inhibitory mechanism of cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether γ‐T3 enhanced autophagy in gastric cancer and the underlying molecular mechanism. The results showed that γ‐T3 (0–90 μmol/L) inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer MKN45 cells and AGS cells, and arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase in a dose‐dependent manner. Autophagy was increased in MKN45 cells treated with γ‐T3 (0–45 μmol/L), especially at a dose of 30 μmol/L for 24 h. These effects were reversed by 3‐methyladenine pretreatment. Furthermore, γ‐T3 (30 μmol/L) also significantly downregulated the expression of pGSK‐3β (ser9) and β‐catenin protein in MKN45 cells, and γ‐T3 (20 mg/kg b.w.) effectively decreased the growth of MKN45 cell xenografts in BABL/c mice. GSK‐3β inhibitor‐CHIR‐99021 reversed the negative regulation of GSK‐3β/β‐Catenin signaling and autophagy. Our findings indicated that γ‐T3 enhances autophagy in gastric cancer cells mediated by GSK‐3β/β‐Catenin signaling, which provides new insights into the role of γ‐T3 enhancing autophagy in gastric cancer.
Forty years of practice against gastric cancer in Linqu County, a high‐risk area of gastric cancer in China
Authors: Pan Kai‐Feng , Li Wen‐Qing , You Wei‐Cheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is a global public health burden, with nearly one million new cases diagnosed each year worldwide. To investigate the risk factors and the prevention strategies for GC, in the past 40 years, a series of epidemiological studies have been carried out in Linqu County, Shandong Province, a high‐risk area of GC in China. Here, we briefly review the major efforts of 40‐year practices against GC in Linqu County, particularly highlighting a case‐control study to identify GC risk factors, a cohort study to determine the associations between the risk factors and the progression of gastric lesions, and an intervention trial to prevent GC development.
Efficient estimation procedure for failure probability function by an augmented directional sampling
Authors: Ye Nan , Lu Zhenzhou , Feng Kaixuan , Zhang Xiaobo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFailure probability function (FPF) can reflect quantitative effects of random input distribution parameter (DP) on failure probability, and it is significant for decoupling reliability‐based design optimization (RBDO). But the FPF estimation is time‐consuming since it generally requires repeated reliability analyses at different DPs. For efficiently estimating FPF, an augmented directional sampling (A‐DS) is proposed in this paper. By using the property that the limit state surface (LSS) in physical input space is independent of DP, the A‐DS establishes transformation of LSS samples in standard normal spaces corresponding to different DPs. By the established transformation in different standard normal spaces, the LSS samples obtained by DS at a given DP can be transformed to those at other DPs. After simple interpolation post‐processing on those transformed samples, the failure probability at other DPs can be estimated by DS simultaneously. The main novelty of A‐DS is that a strategy of sharing DS samples is designed for estimating the failure probability at different DPs. The A‐DS avoids repeated reliability analyses and inherits merit of DS suitable for solving problems with multiple failure modes and small failure probability. Compared with other FPF estimation methods, the examples sufficiently verify the accuracy and efficiency of A‐DS.
Preparation and characterization of high load‐bearing needled composite preform based on novel ordered short fiber network needling method
Authors: Li Jiao , Xin Shiji , Chen Li , Yang Wei , Chen Xiaoming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNeedled preform and its composite using felt and base cloth stacked needled have small fiber volume fraction and relatively weak mechanical properties, which are difficult to meet the service requirements of structural and functional integrated components of high‐speed aircraft. Responding to this issue, this paper proposed a new method for preparing high load‐bearing needled composite preform based on ordered short fiber network needling. The high load‐bearing needled preforms were prepared by designing different structural parameters of ordered short fiber network and forming process parameters, and then preform structure was characterized and mechanical properties were tested. The results showed that using ordered short fiber network as carrier of the short fibers, the formed needled fiber bundles were longer and denser, volume content of needled fiber bundles and mechanical properties of needled preform were greatly improved, and needled fiber bundles volume content of ordered short fiber network reinforced needled preform was 1.5 times and 46.3 times that of half‐cut cloth and felt respectively. Compared with traditional felt needled preform and half‐cut cloth needled preform, the interlaminar peeling strength of the ordered short fiber network reinforced needled preform increased by up to 246.4% and 49.2%, respectively. The tensile strength of ordered short fiber network reinforced needled preform was 12.9% higher than that of half‐cut cloth in X‐axis direction. In addition, the effects of ordered short fiber network structure, short fiber length, areal density and needling density on the needled preform structure and properties were also revealed.Highlights
High load‐bearing needled composite preform was prepared based on novel ordered short fiber network needling method.
The needled fiber bundles formed by using ordered short fiber network were longer and denser, and their volume content was 46.3 times that of felt needled preform.
The interlaminar peeling strength of the ordered short fiber network reinforced needled preform increased by up to 246.4%.
The tensile strength of ordered short fiber network reinforced needled preform was 12.9% greater than half‐cut cloth in the X‐axis direction.