bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auditors' unqualified opinions on internal controls and accrual quality
Authors: Li Liuchuang , Tian Gaoliang , Qi Baolei 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine whether auditor's unqualified opinion on internal control (ARIC) is a powerful proxy for the effectiveness of internal control in Chinese context. A rich body of research conducts their designs on an assumption that companies have more effectiveness of internal controls if they disclose ARICs. This study argues that the ARICs are not always reliable, because audit market is well characterized by excessive competition and market supervision is poorer in China compared to developed countries.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses 2008 and 2009 years Chinese listed‐firms data and the Tobit regression to test the relationship between ARIC and accrual quality. The paper employs the Heckman model for self‐selection bias, which are possibly introduced by choice in disclosing ARICs.FindingsThe paper finds that firms disclose ARICs do not report lower abnormal accruals relative the non‐ARIC firms, and firms with ARICs issued by dominant auditors show more reliable accruals relative to non‐ARIC firms and firms that disclose ARICs but fail to be issued by dominant auditors. The results are robust to additional accrual quality measure, additional audit quality measure, and the correction of self‐selection bias by using the inverse Millo ratio approach.Originality/valueThe results suggest that implementing Chinese‐SOX could be facilitated by improving audit quality.
An empirical study on continual usage intention of microblogging: the case of Sina
Authors: Zhao Zhanbo , Cao Qun 
Published: November 2012

PurposeSina Microblog is the most popular microblog in China. The purpose of this research is to explore the factors that influence Sina microbloggers' intention to continue using this platform.Design/methodology/approachThis research proposes the effects of user satisfaction based on perceived usefulness, experiential value and knowledge sharing motivation and community norm on continual usage intention.FindingsThe results suggest that continual usage intention is directly affected by perceived usefulness, experiential value, egoism, satisfaction and community norm. Theoretical and practical implications are considered.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the earliest empirical studies in China to explore why Chinese consumers intend to rather than actually use Sina Microblog.
Assessment and management of risk in autism
Authors: Gunasekaran Santhana 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the issues in risk assessment and management of autism spectrum disorders in secure hospital settings with reference to best practice guidance.Design/methodology/approachThe author undertook a review of the current literature on risk management in autism spectrum disorders and has drawn on clinical experience to highlight key issues.FindingsRisk assessment and management needs to be tailored to individuals. Characteristics of offences differ compared to other mental disorders. Underlying factors for offending differ from other mental disorders and may be misinterpreted.Practical implicationsRisk assessment in autism spectrum disorders should take into account individual characteristics and be informed by specialist assessments. Management should be based on a formulation informed by assessments and by recognising individual characteristics.Originality/valueThe paper highlights important issues in risk assessment and management of patients with autism spectrum disorders particularly in secure hospital settings.
The value of design strategies applied to energy efficiency
Authors: Clevenger Caroline M. , Haymaker John R. 
Published: November 2012

PurposeAdvanced design strategies supported by iterative engineering performance calculations expand the number of alternatives designers can analyze by orders of magnitude. Yet, in the face of vast, under‐constrained design challenges with wide ranging and sometimes ill‐defined implications related to sustainability, it is not possible to replace building design with automated search. The purpose of this paper is to assist designers in their selection of strategies that have been shown to be effective in promoting sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThis paper applies and extends the design exploration assessment methodology (DEAM) to compare the value of distinct design strategies. The authors use DEAM to demonstrate that designers face non‐trivially distinct challenges, even in the well‐defined arena of design for energy efficiency. They next evaluate and compare the effectiveness of strategies such as point‐analysis, screening, trend analysis, and optimization. They identify associated process costs, and extend DEAM to assess the relative value of information that each strategy provides for a given challenge.FindingsFindings empirically rank six strategies for two challenges and demonstrate the relatively high value of trend analysis for energy‐efficient design.Originality/valueThe implication of the findings is that advanced computer analysis strategies should be pursued to support high performance, energy‐efficient design. Such conclusions motivate future research to assess the value of various strategies in the context of the broad and qualitative fields of sustainable design and development.
Teacher induction and mentorship policies: the pan‐Canadian overview
Authors: Kutsyuruba Benjamin 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this exploratory article is to address the questions of teacher attrition and retention by examining the policies supporting beginning teachers in different jurisdictions (provinces and territories) in Canada through teacher induction and mentorship programs.Design/methodology/approachThis research study relied on the collection of documents as the primary method of data collection. Both policy documents as means of external communication and the informal responses to formal policies by various stakeholders were analyzed in a complementary fashion in this study. The study examined numerous government documents, websites, program/policy memoranda, newsletters, as well as academic reviews pertaining to beginning teacher induction programs across Canada.FindingsData analysis revealed significant policy variability across the provinces and localities, with comprehensive induction programs instituted only by the educational authorities in New Brunswick, Ontario, and Northwest Territories. A fundamental building‐block of the induction programs was the creation of a formal mentoring program that matched experienced teachers with teachers who were new to the profession and/or to the province/territory.Research limitations/implicationsPolicy makers should consider the implementation of structured induction programs that successfully inculcate new teachers into school cultures and result in decreased teacher attrition and increased retention of beginning teachers. Mentoring is at the core of successful induction programs. Evident in all policy‐mandated induction programs under study was the importance of the school principal's role in effective functioning of mentoring programs. This aspect of the principal's role should be further examined and researched to understand the administrator role in the implementation and functioning of effective induction and mentoring programs for beginning teachers not only in Canada but worldwide.Practical implicationsIn considering implementation of teacher induction programs, policymakers need to be aware that comprehensive, intensive support programs for new educators are both an effective and an efficient public investment. If mandated by policies at the macro levels as part of formal induction programs, mentoring programs have the potential to transform schools into collaborative places by establishing a culture of mentoring in schools.Originality/valueDespite the perceived and actual benefits, government‐instituted induction programs for new teachers are not very common in Canada. While the discussions of such programs are certainly present in the educational literature, this exploratory pan‐Canadian review of induction and mentoring policies has the ability to inform provincial and territorial policymakers about the variability in institutionalizing those programs.
Yeast ratio is a critical factor for sequential fermentation of papaya wine by Williopsis saturnus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Lee Pin‐Rou , Kho Stephanie Hui Chern , Yu Bin , Curran Philip , Liu Shao‐Quan 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe growth kinetics and fermentation performance of Williopsis saturnus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at ratios of 10:1, 1:1 and 1:10 (W.:S.) were studied in papaya juice with initial 7‐day fermentation by W. saturnus, followed by S. cerevisiae. The growth kinetics of W. saturnus were similar at all ratios, but its maximum cell count decreased as the proportion of S. cerevisiae was increased. Conversely, there was an early death of S. cerevisiae at the ratio of 10:1. Williopsis saturnus was the dominant yeast at 10:1 ratio that produced papaya wine with elevated concentrations of acetate esters. On the other hand, 1:1 and 1:10 ratios allowed the coexistence of both yeasts which enabled the flavour‐enhancing potential of W. saturnus as well as the ethyl ester and alcohol‐producing abilities of S. cerevisiae. In particular, 1:1 and 1:10 ratios resulted in production of more ethyl esters, alcohols and 2‐phenylethyl acetate. However, the persistence of both yeasts at 1:1 and 1:10 ratios led to formation of high levels of acetic acid. The findings suggest that yeast ratio is a critical factor for sequential fermentation of papaya wine by W. saturnus and S. cerevisiae as a strategy to modulate papaya wine flavour.
Anti‐β2 glycoprotein I antibodies and pregnancy outcome in antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Liu Xin Li , Xiao Jing , Zhu Fufan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe relation between pregnancy outcome and single‐ or double‐positivity of anticardiolipin (aCL) and β2 glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) has yet to be clearly documented. In this article, a total of 191 lupus anticoagulant‐negative pregnant women with primary APS were retrospectively divided into three groups: aCL+/aβ2GPI−; aCL+/aβ2GPI+; aCL−/aβ2GPI+. All women had received medical therapy consisting of prednisone (10–15 mg/day), low‐dose aspirin (50 mg/day), and low molecular weight heparin (40 mg/day). The miscarriage rate in the double‐positive group was significantly higher than that in the aCL+/aβ2GPI− group (46.2% vs. 22.1%, p < 0.05); the miscarriage rate in the aCL−/aβ2GPI+ group (36.4%) was not significantly different from the rates of the other two groups (p > 0.05). Thus, double‐positivity may be a risk factor for pregnancy loss and aβ2GPI antibody may be a better prognostic marker than aCL antibody for pregnancy outcome.
Association of nucleated red blood cells and severity of encephalopathy in normothermic and hypothermic infants
Authors: Walsh BH , Boylan GB , Dempsey EM , Murray DM 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo determine whether hypothermia alters the discriminative ability of postnatal nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) to distinguish between mild and moderate/severely encephalopathic infants.MethodsA prospective cohort study recruited full‐term neonates with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) from 2003 to 2012 (prehypothermic and hypothermic eras). The NRBC count was analysed in the first 24 h in all infants and compared between normothermic and hypothermic cohorts. The severity of encephalopathy was categorized using both clinical Sarnat score and continuous multichannel EEG.ResultsEighty‐six infants with HIE were included: in the normothermic group, 19 were clinically mild, 24 moderate/severe; in the hypothermic group, 22 were mild, 21 moderate/severe encephalopathy. NRBC count discriminated between mild and moderate/severe Sarnat scores in the normothermic group (p = 0.03) but not in the hypothermic group (p = 0.9). This change was due to a decrease in NRBCs among moderately encephalopathic infants in the hypothermic cohort.ConclusionPostnatal NRBCs distinguished between mild and moderate/severe encephalopathy in normothermic infants but not in infants undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. We advise caution when using postnatal blood samples to study diagnostic biomarkers for HIE without first analysing the potential impact of hypothermia upon these markers.
Complements or Substitutes? Private Codes, State Regulation and the Enforcement of Labour Standards in Global Supply Chains
Authors: Locke Richard M. , Rissing Ben A. , Pal Timea 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRecent research on regulation and governance suggests that a mixture of public and private interventions is necessary to improve working conditions and environmental standards within global supply chains. Yet less attention has been directed to how these different forms of regulation interact in practice. The form of these interactions is investigated through a contextualized comparison of suppliers producing for Hewlett‐Packard, one of the world's leading global electronics firms. Using a unique dataset describing Hewlett‐Packard's supplier audits over time, coupled with qualitative fieldwork at a matched pair of suppliers in Mexico and the Czech Republic, this study shows how private and public regulation can interact in different ways — sometimes as complements; other times as substitutes — depending upon both the national contexts and the specific issues being addressed. Results from our analysis show that private interventions do not exist within a vacuum, but rather these efforts to enforce labour and environmental standards are affected by state and non‐governmental actors.
TIMELESS is overexpressed in lung cancer and its expression correlates with poor patient survival
Authors: Yoshida Kenya , Sato Mitsuo , Hase Tetsunari , Elshazley Momen , Yamashita Ryo , Usami Noriyasu , Taniguchi Tetsuo , Yokoi Kohei , Nakamura Shigeo , Kondo Masashi , Girard Luc , Minna John D. , Hasegawa Yoshinori 
Published: November 2012

TIMELESS (TIM) is a mammalian homolog of a Drosophila circadian rhythm gene, but its circadian properties in mammals have yet to be determined. TIM appears to be essential for replication protection and genomic stability. Recently, the involvement of TIM in human malignancies has been reported; therefore, we investigated the role of TIM in lung cancer. Microarray expression analysis of lung cancer cell lines showed that TIM expression was elevated 3.7‐fold (P < 0.001) in non‐small cell lung cancer cell lines (n = 116) compared to normal lung controls (n = 59). In addition, small cell lung cancer cell lines (n = 29) expressed TIM at levels 2.2‐fold (P < 0.001) higher than non‐small cell lung cancer. Western blot analysis of 22 lung cancer cell lines revealed that all of them expressed TIM protein and that 20 cell lines (91%) expressed TIM protein at higher levels than a normal control line. Remarkably, immunohistochemistry of 30 surgically resected lung cancer specimens showed that all lung cancer specimens but no matched normal lung tissues were positive for TIM expression. Moreover, immunohistochemistry of surgically resected specimens from 88 consecutive patients showed that high TIM protein levels correlated with poor overall survival (P = 0.013). Mutation analysis for TIM in 23 lung cancer cell lines revealed no mutation. TIM knockdown suppressed proliferation and clonogenic growth, and induced apoptosis in H157 and H460 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that TIM could be useful as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for lung cancer and targeting it would be of high therapeutic value for this disease.
Dense mapping of IL2RA shows no association with Graves' disease in Chinese Han population
Authors: Song Zhi‐Yi , Liu Wei , Xue Li‐Qiong , Pan Chun‐Ming , Wang Hai‐Ning , Gu Zhao‐Hui , Yang Shao‐Ying , Cao Huang‐Ming , Zuo Chun‐Lin , Zhang Xiao‐Na , Jiang He , Liu Bing‐Li , Bi Ya‐Xin , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Zhao Shuang‐Xia , Song Huai‐Dong 
Published: November 2012

SummaryObjectiveAssociations between IL2RA and various autoimmune diseases have been reported in Caucasians. We investigated whether genetic polymorphisms at the IL2RA locus were associated with Graves' disease (GD) in the Chinese Han population.DesignWe performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in 1 536 GD patients and 1 516 controls. The 1000 Genomes Project data were adopted as references for imputation analysis. After forward and conditional logistic regressions, we found that rs11256313 was the major risk variant in the CD25/IL2RA region. Thus, we further genotyped rs11256313 in a replication cohort with 3 694 GD patients and 3 510 controls using ABI 7900HT TaqMan Real‐Time PCR System.ResultsNine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL2RA block were nominally associated with GD in our GWAS (0·01 < P < 0·05). After imputation analysis, 13 imputed SNPs in the IL2RA block were weakly associated with GD (P ≤ 0·05). Logistic regression analysis suggested that the imputed rs11256313 could represent the IL2RA block (P = 0·003). However, we failed to replicate the association of rs11256313 in a larger cohort (P = 0·145). A subphenotype analysis of rs11256313 on thyroid hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) and gender showed that there was no association in any of the subphenotype groups (P > 0·05).ConclusionsThe results suggested that common genetic polymorphisms at IL2RA do not exert a significant genetic effect on the development of GD in the Chinese Han population. Previously reported associations between CD25/IL2RA and autoimmune diseases including GD in Caucasians again imply that heterogeneity exists in different ethnic populations.
Are significant numbers of abnormal cells lost on the discarded ThinPrep® broom when used for cervical cytology?
Authors: Umana A. , Dunsmore H. , Herbert A. , Jokhan A. , Kubba A. 
Published: November 2012

A. Umana, H. Dunsmore, A. Herbert, A. Jokhan and A. Kubba  Are significant numbers of abnormal cells lost on the discarded ThinPrep® broom when used for cervical cytology?Background:  In view of a study with SurePath® showing that cells were lost on the broom if it was discarded, we decided to investigate whether cells were lost on the ThinPrep® (TP) broom, which is discarded according to the manufacturer’s protocol.Aim:  To determine whether significant amounts of cellular material are lost on the discarded TP broom, and whether the loss is operator dependent.Methods:  Three hundred and six women attending the Guy’s Hospital Colposcopy Unit gave their consent for TP liquid‐based cytology samples to be taken and the broom immersed in a second vial instead of being discarded. The cellularity of the first and second vials was compared by counting cells in 10 ×40 high‐power fields (HPFs). The significance of cell loss was ascertained by correlating the likelihood of abnormal cells and transformation zone (TZ) material being present with the degree of cellularity of the two vials.Results:  More than 10 cells per HPF were seen in 3.2%, 19.4% and 35.8% of slides from the second vial taken by three experienced colposcopists, which was significantly different between them (P < 0.001); cellularity of the first vial was not significantly different between colposcopists but the one with highest cellularity in the first vial discarded most in the second. Abnormal cells were more likely to be seen in slides with more than 10 cells per HPF (P < 0.001) and with evidence of TZ sampling (P < 0.001), but there was no preferential loss of TZ material in the second vial. Of 126 slides with abnormal cells on the slides from the second vial, 113 (89.7%) were also present on the significantly more cellular first vial (P < 0.001).Conclusion:  Abnormal cells were potentially lost on the broom, but were usually represented in the first vial. The likelihood of abnormal cells being discarded was operator dependent in this small study, but this did not affect the quality of the initial preparation. The likelihood of abnormal cells being seen on TP slides was dependent on their cellularity, which provided our laboratory with a criterion for the assessment of sample adequacy.
On Abortion: Exploring Psychological Meaning and Attitudes in a Sample of Mexican Gynecologists
Authors: Luisa Marván Ma. , Álvarez del Río Asunción , Campos Zaira 
Published: November 2012

AbstractElective abortion has become an issue of ethical and political debate in many countries including Mexico. As gynecologists are directly involved in the practice of abortion, it is important to know the psychological meaning that the term ‘elective abortion’ has for them. This study explores the psychological meaning and attitudes toward elective abortion of one hundred and twenty‐three Mexican gynecologists. We used the semantic networks technique, which analyzed the words the participants associated with the term ‘elective abortion’.The defining words most frequently used by participants implied a negative sanction. There were important differences by gender and religiosity: male gynecologists, as well as those with strong religious beliefs (mainly Catholics), revealed a more negative psychological meaning and more negative attitudes than females or physicians with weak religious beliefs. A contribution of the present study is that it highlights the importance of psychology to enhancing understanding of the issue of elective abortion.
Movement patterns of southern redbelly dace, Chrosomus erythrogaster, in a headwater reach of an Ozark stream
Authors: Walker Richard H. , Adams Ginny L. , Reid Adams S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPrevious research on fish movement has focused primarily on recreationally important fishes in perennial streams; however, fewer studies have examined movement patterns of small‐bodied fishes in intermittent streams where abiotic and biotic conditions can be extreme compared with perennial systems. Using mark–recapture, we examined movement patterns of southern redbelly dace, Chrosomus erythrogaster, in an intermittent Ozark stream having both permanently connected and temporally isolated sections. Juvenile (60–88%) and adult (55–83%) residency rates were not significantly different for any mark–recapture sample, and movement was primarily within a section for both groups. Ontogenetic differences were detected for kurtosis, distance moved and population spread, with adults exhibiting greater variability in movement, moving more often and further. When considering only adults, there was a significantly higher number of individuals that exhibited intermovement from isolated sections compared with connected sections. In addition, a higher proportion of adults exhibiting intermovement moved to connected stream sections in May and July compared to January and March. Dace exhibited upstream bias in July, with 76% of emigrates moving to an upstream connected section. Although there were no statistically significant associations between the proportion of intermovers from connected and isolated sections and measured water quality and habitat variables, noteworthy trends were observed, and these trends were always stronger for connected sections. Understanding the factors that influence population dynamics in headwater streams is important for the survival and persistence of stream fish populations, especially considering the anticipated expansion of intermittent headwater streams as a result of future climatic changes.