bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The corona of the daffodil Narcissus bulbocodium shares stamen‐like identity and is distinct from the orthodox floral whorls
Authors: Waters Mark T. , Tiley Anna M. M. , Kramer Elena M. , Meerow Alan W. , Langdale Jane A. , Scotland Robert W. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe structural homology of the daffodil corona has remained a source of debate throughout the history of botany. Over the years it has been separately referred to as a modified petal stipule, stamen and tepal. Here we provide insights from anatomy and molecular studies to clarify the early developmental stages and position of corona initiation in Narcissus bulbocodium. We demonstrate that the corona initiates as six separate anlagen from hypanthial tissue between the stamens and perianth. Scanning electron microscope images and serial sections demonstrate that corona initiation occurs late in development, after the other floral whorls are fully developed. To define more precisely the identity of the floral structures, daffodil orthologues of the ABC floral organ identity genes were isolated and expression patterns were examined in perianth, stamens, carpel, hypanthial tube and corona tissue. Coupled with in situ hybridisation experiments, these analyses showed that the expression pattern of the C‐class gene NbAGAMOUS in the corona is more similar to that of the stamens than that of the tepals. In combination, our results demonstrate that the corona of the daffodil N. bulbocodium exhibits stamen‐like identity, develops independently from the orthodox floral whorls and is best interpreted as a late elaboration of the region between the petals and stamens associated with epigyny and the hypanthium.
Tapetal dysplasia in a Swedish Vallhund dog
Authors: Scott Erin M. , Teixeira Leandro B.C. , Dubielzig Richard R. , Komáromy András M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the gross, histopathological, and ultrastructural findings in a dog with bilateral tapetal dysplasia.ProceduresThe globes of a 15‐year‐old neutered male Swedish Vallhund dog with a ventrally displaced tapetum in both eyes were fixed in 10% formalin and submitted to the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin for histological evaluation. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Melan‐A immunohistochemistry (IHC), and tissues were subsequently processed for transmission electron microscopy.ResultsBilateral fundic and gross examination revealed a tapetal fundus inferior to the optic nerve head (ONH) and a nontapetal fundus with mild scattering of tapetal tissue superior to the ONH. Histologically, there was decreased pigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium with only a few melanin granules in the peripheral retina. The affected tapetum was relatively acellular and fibrous with occasional tapetal cells scattered throughout the inner choroid or displaced into the vascular outer choroid. Special stains revealed that the tapetum was mostly composed of collagen (Masson's trichrome) and failed to express Melan‐A (IHC) unlike a normal canine control tapetum. Ultrastructurally, the tapetum was markedly dysplastic both superior and inferior to the ONH with no uniformly arranged tapetal cells. The few cells identified within the tapetum contained irregularly arranged and disorganized electron‐dense structures within their cytoplasm, which were interpreted as dysplastic tapetal rodlets.ConclusionsBased on microscopic and ultrastructural findings, this is the first report of tapetal dysplasia in a dog.
Evaluation of one‐ vs. two‐layered closure after wedge excision of 43 eyelid tumors in dogs
Authors: Romkes Gwendolyna , Klopfleisch Robert , Eule Johanna Corinna 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to evaluate how two closure techniques after full‐thickness V‐shaped excision relate to wound recovery and how these techniques affect eyelid function and stability of the preocular tear film.Animals studiedThirty‐eight dogs with 43 eyelid tumors involving <25% of eyelid margin length were included in a prospective randomized trial.ProceduresThe method for wound closure was chosen randomly before the operation. In group A (n = 20), the wound was closed in one layer and in group B (n = 23) in two layers. The wound and eyelid structure were directly evaluated by slit‐lamp biomicroscopy several times postoperatively. Eyelid function was indirectly evaluated by interferometry, noninvasive tear film breakup time (nTFBUT), andSchirmer's tear test at the last examination, 5 weeks to 19 months postoperatively.ResultsNo significant differences were found in group A vs. B although slightly more cases with perfect alignment of the eyelid were seen in group B. In both groups, neither slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, interferometry, nTFBUT, norSchirmer's tear test revealed negative influence on the eyelid function by the previous surgery. Histologically, 29 of 32 tumors were diagnosed as meibomian gland adenomas.ConclusionsThese results do not demonstrate a significant difference in wound recovery, eyelid structure, and function after wound closure in 1 vs. 2 layers.
Thromboelastographic evaluation of coagulative profiles in pig‐to‐monkey kidney xenotransplantation
Authors: Spiezia Luca , Boldrin Massimo , Radu Claudia , Bulato Cristiana , Bertini Diana , Bon Maria , Campello Elena , Vadori Marta , Galli Cesare , Gavasso Sabrina , Nottle Mark B. , Cowan Peter J. , Cozzi Emanuele , Simioni Paolo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundActivation of the clotting cascade is central in acute xenograft rejection (AHXR) that occurs when pig organs are transplanted into primates. The coagulopathy reported in this model is a very complex process that involves simultaneously coagulation factors, platelets and phospholipid‐bearing cells (i.e., leukocytes, red blood cells, and endothelial cells). Choosing whole blood for coagulation analysis theoretically appears more favorable compared with plasma. Whole blood rotation thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) is a point‐of‐care global coagulation analyzer able to evaluate the characteristics of clot formation and lysis by dynamic monitoring. The aim of this study was to record thromboelastographic profiles, performed by ROTEM®, in a series of immunosuppressed nephrectomized primates that received a life‐supporting kidney.MethodsOf the eight primates, n = 4 received a pig kidney transgenic for human decay‐accelerating factor (hDAF/Gal+); n = 2, an α 1,3‐galactosyltransferase gene‐knockout (GT‐KO) pig kidney transgenic for human CD39, CD55, CD59 and fucosyltransferase (HTF); and n = 2, a GT‐KO pig kidney transgenic for hDAF. Blood samples were collected before and at least once per week after transplantation till euthanasia. Intrinsic (INTEM) and extrinsic (EXTEM) coagulation pathways and the function of fibrinogen (FIBTEM) were evaluated. Thromboelastographic parameters considered were clotting time (CT, seconds) and clot formation time (CFT, seconds) in INTEM and EXTEM and maximum clot firmness (MCF, mm) in FIBTEM. The correlations between CT in INTEM and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), CT in EXTEM and PT, CFT in INTEM and EXTEM, and platelet counts and MCF in FIBTEM and fibrinogen plasma levels were also considered.ResultsIn all animals, thromboelastographic profiles showed progressive prolongation of CT (activation of coagulative cascade) in INTEM. A close correspondence was observed between (i) the prolongation of the CFT values (propagation of clot formation), both in INTEM and EXTEM, and the decrease in platelet counts; (ii) the reduction in MCF values (clot firmness) ​​in FIBTEM and the decrease in fibrinogen plasma levels. No concordance between CT in INTEM and aPTT and between CT in EXTEM and PT was observed.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that ROTEM® analyzer could be a useful and complementary tool to study the consumptive coagulopathy, either “compensated” or “non‐compensated,” that takes place when transgenic pig kidneys are transplanted into primates. Larger and prospective studies are needed to confirm our results and to evaluate the role of ROTEM® to guide the management of consumptive coagulopathy in order to prolong the survival of the transplanted organ.
On admissible tensor products inp-adic Hodge theory
Authors: Di Matteo Giovanni 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe prove that ifWandW′are non-zeroB-pairs whose tensor product is crystalline (or semi-stable or de Rham or Hodge–Tate), then there exists a characterμsuch thatW(μ−1) andW′(μ) are crystalline (or semi-stable or de Rham or Hodge–Tate). We also prove that ifWis aB-pair and ifFis a Schur functor (for example Symnor Λn) such thatF(W) is crystalline (or semi-stable or de Rham or Hodge–Tate) and if the rank ofWis sufficiently large, then there is a characterμsuch thatW(μ−1) is crystalline (or semi-stable or de Rham or Hodge–Tate). In particular, these results apply top-adic representations.
Immunity to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection Two Decades after Implementation of Universal Infant HBV Vaccination: Association of Detectable Residual Antibodies and Response to a Single HBV Challenge Dose
Authors: Spradling Philip R. , Xing Jian , Williams Roxanne , Masunu-Faleafaga Yolanda , Dulski Theresa , Mahamud Abdirahman , Drobeniuc Jan , Teshale Eyasu H. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Most persons who receive hepatitis B vaccine during infancy will have a level of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBsAg) of <10 IU/liter 10 to 15 years later; however, most will demonstrate immune memory by an anamnestic response to a vaccine challenge dose. To determine whether there was a difference in anamnestic response among college students vaccinated during infancy, we compared anti-HBsAg levels after a 20-μg dose of Engerix-B in those with a residual anti-HBsAg level of 0 IU/liter and those with levels of 1 to 9 IU/liter. Anti-HBsAg was measured before (baseline) and 2 weeks after a challenge dose; a response was defined as a level of ≥10 IU/liter after the dose among those with <10 IU/liter at the baseline. Of the 153 students who completed the study, 130 (85%) had an anti-HBsAg level of <10 IU/liter at the baseline, 72 had a level of 0 IU/liter, and 58 had levels ranging from 1 to 9 IU/liter. Students with a levels of 1 to 9 IU/liter were more likely to respond to the challenge dose than those with a baseline anti-HBsAg level of 0 IU/liter (83% versus 50%;
P
< 0.001). The presence of any detectable anti-HBsAg among persons vaccinated in the remote past may indicate the persistence of immune memory.
Use of Nasopharyngeal Aspirate for Diagnosis of Pneumocystis Pneumonia
Authors: To Kelvin K. W. , Wong Sally C. Y. , Xu Ting , Poon Rosana W. S. , Mok Ka-Yi , Chan Jasper F. W. , Cheng Vincent C. C. , Chan Kwok-Hung , Hung Ivan F. N. , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTQuantitative PCR on nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) can achieve high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosingPneumocystispneumonia (PCP) compared to microscopic examination of bronchoscopic specimens in a population with low HIV prevalence. Since NPA is a minimally invasive procedure, it is ideal as a screening test for PCP.
Conformational Flexibility of the Dengue Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Revealed by a Complex with an Inhibitor
Authors: Noble Christian G. , Lim Siew Pheng , Chen Yen-Liang , Liew Chong Wai , Yap Lijian , Lescar Julien , Shi Pei-Yong 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
We report a highly reproducible method to crystallize the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain of dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV-3), allowing structure refinement to a 1.79-Å resolution and revealing amino acids not seen previously. We also present a DENV-3 polymerase/inhibitor cocrystal structure at a 2.1-Å resolution. The inhibitor binds to the RdRp as a dimer and causes conformational changes in the protein. The improved crystallization conditions and new structural information should accelerate structure-based drug discovery.
TRIM22 Inhibits Influenza A Virus Infection by Targeting the Viral Nucleoprotein for Degradation
Authors: Di Pietro Andrea , Kajaste-Rudnitski Anna , Oteiza Alexandra , Nicora Lucia , Towers Greg J. , Mechti Nadir , Vicenzi Elisa 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
Tripartite motif (TRIM) protein superfamily members are emerging as important effectors of the innate immune response against viral infections. In particular, TRIM22 was reported to exert antiviral activity against RNA viruses, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), encephalomyocarditis virus (ECMV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We demonstrate here, for the first time, that TRIM22 is upregulated by influenza A virus (IAV) infection at both mRNA and protein levels in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Conversely, TRIM22 potently restricted IAV replication, in that prevention of TRIM22 expression by means of short hairpin RNA led to a 10-fold enhancement of IAV replication in these cells. Depletion of TRIM22 also reduced the anti-IAV activity of alpha interferon (IFN-α), suggesting that TRIM22 is an important IFN-stimulated gene that is required for maximal suppression of IAV by type I IFN. Furthermore, the IAV infectious titer decreased up to 100-fold in MDCK cells expressing exogenous human TRIM22. Restriction of IAV replication was accounted for by the interaction between TRIM22 and the viral nucleoprotein (NP), resulting in its polyubiquitination and degradation in a proteasome-dependent manner. Thus, TRIM22 represents a novel restriction factor upregulated upon IAV infection that curtails its replicative capacity in epithelial cells.
Worldwide Phylogenetic Relationship of Avian Poxviruses
Authors: Gyuranecz Miklós , Foster Jeffrey T. , Dán Ádám , Ip Hon S. , Egstad Kristina F. , Parker Patricia G. , Higashiguchi Jenni M. , Skinner Michael A. , Höfle Ursula , Kreizinger Zsuzsa , Dorrestein Gerry M. , Solt Szabolcs , Sós Endre , Kim Young Jun , Uhart Marcela , Pereda Ariel , González-Hein Gisela , Hidalgo Hector , Blanco Juan-Manuel , Erdélyi Károly 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTPoxvirus infections have been found in 230 species of wild and domestic birds worldwide in both terrestrial and marine environments. This ubiquity raises the question of how infection has been transmitted and globally dispersed. We present a comprehensive global phylogeny of 111 novel poxvirus isolates in addition to all available sequences from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of theAvipoxvirusgenus has traditionally relied on one gene region (4b core protein). In this study we expanded the analyses to include a second locus (DNA polymerase gene), allowing for a more robust phylogenetic framework, finer genetic resolution within specific groups, and the detection of potential recombination. Our phylogenetic results reveal several major features of avipoxvirus evolution and ecology and propose an updated avipoxvirus taxonomy, including three novel subclades. The characterization of poxviruses from 57 species of birds in this study extends the current knowledge of their host range and provides the first evidence of the phylogenetic effect of genetic recombination of avipoxviruses. The repeated occurrence of avian family or order-specific grouping within certain clades (e.g., starling poxvirus, falcon poxvirus, raptor poxvirus, etc.) indicates a marked role of host adaptation, while the sharing of poxvirus species within prey-predator systems emphasizes the capacity for cross-species infection and limited host adaptation. Our study provides a broad and comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of theAvipoxvirusgenus, an ecologically and environmentally important viral group, to formulate a genome sequencing strategy that will clarify avipoxvirus taxonomy.
Molecular Aspects and Comparative Genomics of Bacteriophage Endolysins
Authors: Oliveira Hugo , Melo Luís D. R. , Santos Sílvio B. , Nóbrega Franklin L. , Ferreira Eugénio C. , Cerca Nuno , Azeredo Joana , Kluskens Leon D. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
Phages are recognized as the most abundant and diverse entities on the planet. Their diversity is determined predominantly by their dynamic adaptation capacities when confronted with different selective pressures in an endless cycle of coevolution with a widespread group of bacterial hosts. At the end of the infection cycle, progeny virions are confronted with a rigid cell wall that hinders their release into the environment and the opportunity to start a new infection cycle. Consequently, phages encode hydrolytic enzymes, called endolysins, to digest the peptidoglycan. In this work, we bring to light all phage endolysins found in completely sequenced double-stranded nucleic acid phage genomes and uncover clues that explain the phage-endolysin-host ecology that led phages to recruit unique and specialized endolysins.
Ubiquitin-Independent Proteasomal Degradation of Tumor Suppressors by Human Cytomegalovirus pp71 Requires the 19S Regulatory Particle
Authors: Winkler Laura L. , Hwang Jiwon , Kalejta Robert F. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
Proteasomes generally degrade substrates tagged with polyubiquitin chains. In rare cases, however, proteasomes can degrade proteins without prior ubiquitination. For example, the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pp71 protein induces the proteasome-dependent, ubiquitin-independent degradation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) and Daxx proteins. These transcriptional corepressors and tumor suppressors inhibit the expression of cellular or viral genes that are required for efficient viral replication. Proteasomes are composed of a 20S catalytic core with or without one or two activator complexes, of which there are four different types. Here, we show that only one of these activators, the 19S regulatory particle that normally participates in ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation, is required for pp71-mediated degradation of Rb and Daxx. We report the unique use of a well-established route of substrate delivery to the proteasome by a viral protein to promote infection.
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Replicon Particle Vaccine Protects Nonhuman Primates from Intramuscular and Aerosol Challenge with Ebolavirus
Authors: Herbert Andrew S. , Kuehne Ana I. , Barth James F. , Ortiz Ramon A. , Nichols Donald K. , Zak Samantha E. , Stonier Spencer W. , Muhammad Majidat A. , Bakken Russell R. , Prugar Laura I. , Olinger Gene G. , Groebner Jennifer L. , Lee John S. , Pratt William D. , Custer Max , Kamrud Kurt I. , Smith Jonathan F. , Hart Mary Kate , Dye John M. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

There are no vaccines or therapeutics currently approved for the prevention or treatment of ebolavirus infection. Previously, a replicon vaccine based on Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) demonstrated protective efficacy against Marburg virus in nonhuman primates. Here, we report the protective efficacy of
Sudan virus
(SUDV)- and
Ebola virus
(EBOV)-specific VEEV replicon particle (VRP) vaccines in nonhuman primates. VRP vaccines were developed to express the glycoprotein (GP) of either SUDV or EBOV. A single intramuscular vaccination of cynomolgus macaques with VRP expressing SUDV GP provided complete protection against intramuscular challenge with SUDV. Vaccination against SUDV and subsequent survival of SUDV challenge did not fully protect cynomolgus macaques against intramuscular EBOV back-challenge. However, a single simultaneous intramuscular vaccination with VRP expressing SUDV GP combined with VRP expressing EBOV GP did provide complete protection against intramuscular challenge with either SUDV or EBOV in cynomolgus macaques. Finally, intramuscular vaccination with VRP expressing SUDV GP completely protected cynomolgus macaques when challenged with aerosolized SUDV, although complete protection against aerosol challenge required two vaccinations with this vaccine.
Comparative Characterization of Transfection- and Infection-Derived Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge Stocks for
In Vivo
Nonhuman Primate Studies
Authors: Del Prete Gregory Q. , Scarlotta Matthew , Newman Laura , Reid Carolyn , Parodi Laura M. , Roser James D. , Oswald Kelli , Marx Preston A. , Miller Christopher J. , Desrosiers Ronald C. , Barouch Dan H. , Pal Ranajit , Piatak Michael , Chertova Elena , Giavedoni Luis D. , O'Connor David H. , Lifson Jeffrey D. , Keele Brandon F. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) stocks for
in vivo
nonhuman primate models of AIDS are typically generated by transfection of 293T cells with molecularly cloned viral genomes or by expansion in productively infected T cells. Although titers of stocks are determined for infectivity
in vitro
prior to
in vivo
inoculation, virus production methods may differentially affect stock features that are not routinely analyzed but may impact
in vivo
infectivity, mucosal transmissibility, and early infection events. We performed a detailed analysis of nine SIV stocks, comprising five infection-derived SIVmac251 viral swarm stocks and paired infection- and transfected-293T-cell-derived stocks of both SIVmac239 and SIVmac766. Representative stocks were evaluated for (i) virus content, (ii) infectious titer, (iii) sequence diversity and polymorphism frequency by single-genome amplification and 454 pyrosequencing, (iv) virion-associated Env content, and (v) cytokine and chemokine content by 36-plex Luminex analysis. Regardless of production method, all stocks had comparable particle/infectivity ratios, with the transfected-293T stocks possessing the highest overall virus content and infectivity titers despite containing markedly lower levels of virion-associated Env than infection-derived viruses. Transfected-293T stocks also contained fewer and lower levels of cytokines and chemokines than infection-derived stocks, which had elevated levels of multiple analytes, with substantial variability among stocks. Sequencing of the infection-derived SIVmac251 stocks revealed variable levels of viral diversity between stocks, with evidence of stock-specific selection and expansion of unique viral lineages. These analyses suggest that there may be underappreciated features of SIV
in vivo
challenge stocks with the potential to impact early infection events, which may merit consideration when selecting virus stocks for
in vivo
studies.
Norwalk Virus Minor Capsid Protein VP2 Associates within the VP1 Shell Domain
Authors: Vongpunsawad Sompong , Venkataram Prasad B. V. , Estes Mary K. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
The major capsid protein of norovirus VP1 assembles to form an icosahedral viral particle. Despite evidence that the Norwalk virus (NV) minor structural protein VP2 is present in infectious virions, the available crystallographic and electron cryomicroscopy structures of NV have not revealed the location of VP2. In this study, we determined that VP1 associates with VP2 at the interior surface of the capsid, specifically with the shell (S) domain of VP1. We mapped the interaction site to amino acid 52 of VP1, an isoleucine located within a sequence motif IDPWI in the S domain that is highly conserved across norovirus genogroups. Mutation of this isoleucine abrogated VP2 incorporation into virus-like particles without affecting the ability for VP1 to dimerize and form particles. The highly basic nature of VP2 and its location interior to the viral particle are consistent with its potential role in assisting capsid assembly and genome encapsidation.