bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional MRI in conscious rats using a chronically implanted surface coil
Authors: Martin Chris J. , Kennerley Aneurin J. , Berwick Jason , Port Michael , Mayhew John E.W. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo establish procedures for functional MRI (fMRI) in rats without the need for anesthetic agents.Materials and MethodsRats were trained to habituate to restraint in a harness and scanner noise. Under anesthesia, rats were then prepared with a cranial implant that permitted stabilization of the head during subsequent imaging experiments. The cranial implant included an radiofrequency (RF) coil that was used to transmit and receive radiofrequency signals during imaging. Further training was then conducted to habituate the animals to head fixation whilst in the MR scanner.ResultsUsing this method, we were able to successfully and repeatedly record BOLD fMRI responses to hypercapnia and whisker stimulation in awake rats. Electrical stimulation of the whisker pad produced a ∼7% increase in BOLD signal in the corresponding barrel cortex as well as adjacent negative BOLD responses, whilst hypercapnia produced larger increases in BOLD signal amplitude.ConclusionThis methodology leaves the face and limbs free from obstruction, making possible a range of behavioral or sensory stimulation protocols. Further development of this animal model could enable traditional behavioral neuroscience techniques to be combined with modern functional neuroimaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:739–744. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facile Fabrication of Chemically Grafted Graphene Oxide–Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) Composite Microspheres and Their Electrorheology
Authors: Zhang Wen Ling , Choi Hyoung Jin , Seo Yongsok 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper reports a facile approach for fabricating core‐shell structured graphene oxide (GO)‐wrapped amine‐modified poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (ami‐PGMA) microspheres. The resulting core‐shell structure is confirmed by scanning electron micsroscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), whereas the coexistence of GO and PGMA is confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The thermal stability of the ami‐PGMA/GO microspheres is enhanced compared with that of pure PGMA microspheres. The novel ami‐PGMA/GO composite microsphere‐based electrorheological (ER) fluid shows typical ER characterization, using a rotational rheometer under an applied electric field. The dielectric analysis results along with the relaxation time and achievable polarizability of the fluid are correlated with the ER performance using a LCR meter.magnified image
Polysaccharide‐Based Polyanion–Polycation–Polyanion Ternary Systems in the Concentrated Regime and Hydrogel Form
Authors: Marsich Eleonora , Travan Andrea , Feresini Massimo , Lapasin Romano , Paoletti Sergio , Donati Ivan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn the field of bioactive biomaterials, multi‐biopolymer systems are of particular interest as they represent potential extra cellular matrix (ECM) mimics. Ternary mixtures composed of alginate, hyaluronan, and a lactose‐modified chitosan undergo a rheological investigation that reveal the presence of polyanion‐polycation supramolecular structures, which dissolve once the third (polyanion) component is added. Two selected ternary mixtures are used for the preparation of calcium–alginate hydrogels and their mechanical performance and stability are found to be strongly influenced by the relative composition in terms of the two non‐gelling components. The presence in the mixture of bioactive polysaccharides leads to a notable improvement in the proliferation of primary culture of chondrocytes.magnified image
Active Poly(4‐chloromethyl styrene)‐Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Chen Xianhong , Zhou Mi , Hou Qinglin , Tu Xi , Wu Xiaoli 
Published: May 2013

AbstractConcentrated nitric acid‐treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are functionalized with active poly(4‐chloromethyl styrene) (PCMS) through the esterification reaction of the carboxyl groups of the former and the p‐benzyl chloride groups of the latter in the presence of a phase‐transfer catalyst. Characterization using Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrates that the active PCMS chains are chemically tethered onto the side walls (or surfaces) of the MWCNTs. The core‐shell nanostructure of active PCMS‐modified MWCNTs (MWCNT‐PCMS) can be observed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and the amount of PCMS present is 31.3 wt% by thermogravimetric analysis. Solubility testing shows that MWCNT‐PCMS dissolves well in tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, toluene, and N,N‐dimethylformamide, and the maximum nanotube concentration in toluene is 413 mg L−1.magnified image
The Use of Rule‐Based and QSPR Approaches in ADME Profiling: A Case Study on Caco‐2 Permeability
Authors: Pham‐The Hai , González‐Álvarez Isabel , Bermejo Marival , Garrigues Teresa , Le‐Thi‐Thu Huong , Cabrera‐Pérez Miguel Ángel 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDuring the early ADME profiling the development of simple, interpretable and reliable in silico tools is very important. In this study, rule‐based and QSPR approaches were investigated using a large Caco‐2 permeability database. Three permeability classes were determined: high (H), moderate (M) and low (L). The main physicochemical properties related with permeability were ranked as follows: Polar Surface Area (PSA)>Lipophilicity (logP/logD)>Molecular Weight (MW)>number of Hydrogen Bond donors and acceptors>Ionization State>number of Rotatable Bonds>number of Rings. The best rule, based on the combination of PSA‐MW‐logD (3PRule), was able to identify the H, M and L classes with accuracy of 72.2, 72.9 and 70.6 %, respectively. Subsequently, a consensus system based on three voting binary classification trees was constructed. It accurately predicted 78.4/76.1/79.1 % of H/M/L compounds on training and 78.6/71.1/77.6 % on test set. Finally, the 3PRule and multiclassifier were validated with 23 drugs in a Caco‐2 assay. The rule is very useful to improve assay design and prioritize the high absorption candidates. Meanwhile the QSPR model exhibits appropriate classification performance. Due to the simplicity, easy interpretation and accuracy, the 3PRule and consensus model developed here can be used in early ADME profiling.
The Acid/Base Profile of the Human Metabolome and Natural Products
Authors: Manallack David T. , Dennis Matthew L. , Kelly Mark R. , Prankerd Richard J. , Yuriev Elizabeth , Chalmers David K. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHuman small molecule metabolites (the human metabolome) are a set of compounds that interact with at least one macromolecule in the biosphere. This study investigates the acid/base profile of the human metabolome, natural products and drugs, together with an analysis of their physicochemical properties. Ionisation constants (pKa values) are estimated for each compound and the identity of the ionisable functional groups in each set is determined. The acid/base and physicochemical property profile of the lipid component of the metabolome differed considerably to the other datasets. In contrast, the acid/base properties of non‐lipid metabolites were found to be similar to both drugs and natural products. While the non‐lipid metabolites have lower average ClogP values and more hydrogen bond donors than the other datasets, the distribution of physicochemical property values overlapped considerably with the drug dataset. Considering also that the non‐lipid metabolites are of biochemical interest, their characteristics have great potential to influence the selection of screening compounds for drug discovery.
Information Theory and Voting Based Consensus Clustering for Combining Multiple Clusterings of Chemical Structures
Authors: Saeed Faisal , Salim Naomie , Abdo Ammar 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMany consensus clustering methods have been applied in different areas such as pattern recognition, machine learning, information theory and bioinformatics. However, few methods have been used for chemical compounds clustering. In this paper, an information theory and voting based algorithm (Adaptive Cumulative Voting‐based Aggregation Algorithm A‐CVAA) was examined for combining multiple clusterings of chemical structures. The effectiveness of clusterings was evaluated based on the ability of the clustering method to separate active from inactive molecules in each cluster, and the results were compared with Ward’s method. The chemical dataset MDL Drug Data Report (MDDR) and the Maximum Unbiased Validation (MUV) dataset were used. Experiments suggest that the adaptive cumulative voting‐based consensus method can improve the effectiveness of combining multiple clusterings of chemical structures.
Chemotherapy‐induced prospective memory impairment in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Cheng Huaidong , Yang Zhen , Dong Biao , Chen Chanjuan , Zhang Mingjun , Huang Zhonglian , Chen Zhendong , Wang Kai 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the event‐based prospective memory (EBPM) and time‐based prospective memory (TBPM) in chemotherapy‐induced cognitive impairment in patients with breast cancer.MethodsForty patients with breast cancer who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy and 40 age‐matched and education‐matched healthy women were administered with a battery of neuropsychological tests including EBPM and TBPM tasks.ResultsA significant difference between breast cancer patients and controls was found in the scores on the mini‐mental state examination (t = −11.684,p < 0.01), verbal fluency test (t = −7.939,p < 0.01), and digit span (t = −2.538,p < 0.05). Compared with healthy controls, breast cancer patients exhibited a poorer performance on EBPM (t = −7.096,p < 0.01) but not on TBPM (t = −1.921,p > 0.05).ConclusionsOur results suggest that breast cancer patients who had undergone adjuvant chemotherapy show deficits in EBPM but not in TBPM. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EGFR: Tale of the C‐terminal tail
Authors: Gajiwala Ketan S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe carboxy terminal tail of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a critical role in the regulation of the enzyme activity of the kinase. There is a good structural model for the mechanism by which the C‐terminal tail proximal to the kinase domain contributes to the negative regulation of the activity. Its conformation in the active state, conversely, has remained elusive due to its dynamic nature. A recently published structure of EGFR kinase domain shows the conformation of the proximal C‐terminal tail in the active kinase. Analysis of this conformational state of the C‐terminal tail is presented, and some of the mutagenesis data is revisited. © 2013 The Protein Society
Hesperidin Prevents Androgen Deficiency‐induced Bone Loss in Male Mice
Authors: Chiba Hiroshige , Kim Hyounju , Matsumoto Akiyo , Akiyama Satoko , Ishimi Yoshiko , Suzuki Kazuharu , Uehara Mariko 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine whether hesperidin inhibits bone loss in androgen‐deficient male mice. Male ddY mice aged 7 weeks underwent either a sham operation or orchidectomy (ORX) and were divided into five groups: a sham‐operated group fed a control diet (Sham) based on AIN‐93G formulation with corn oil instead of soy bean oil, an ORX group fed the control diet (ORX), a group fed the control diet containing 0.5% hesperidin (ORX + H), a group fed the control diet containing 0.7% α‐glucosylhesperidin (ORX + αG), and a group fed the control diet containing 0.013% simvastatin (ORX + St). Four weeks after intervention, ORX mice showed a striking decrease in seminal vesicle weight, which was not affected by the administration of hesperidin, α‐glucosylhesperidin, or simvastatin. Femoral BMD was significantly reduced by ORX, and bone loss was inhibited by the administration of hesperidin, α‐glucosylhesperidin or simvastatin. Histomorphometric analysis showed that the bone volume and trabecular thickness were significantly lower, and the osteoclast number was higher in the distal femoral cancellous bone in the ORX group than in the Sham group, and these were normalized in the ORX + H, ORX + αG and ORX + St groups. These results indicate that hesperidin inhibited bone resorption and hyperlipidemia, in ORX mice, and the preventive effect was stronger than that observed in ovariectomized mice in our previous study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The direct assimilation of principal components of IASI spectra in the ECMWF 4D‐Var
Authors: Matricardi M. , McNally A. P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 4D‐Var data assimilation system has been modified to allow the direct assimilation of Principal Component (PC) scores derived from spectra measured by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI). Testing of a prototype system where 165 IASI radiances are replaced by just 20 PC scores shows significant computational savings with no detectable loss of skill in the resulting analyses or forecasts. Indeed in some respects the assimilation of PC scores leads to marginal improvements over the traditional radiance‐based assimilation.
Organometallic Tin Compounds Derived from 2‐Benzimidazole Propionic Acid
Authors: Camacho‐Camacho Carlos , Esparza‐Ruiz Adriana , Peña‐Hueso Adrián , Mijangos Edgar , Ramos‐García Iris , Contreras Rosalinda , Flores‐Parra Angelina 
Published: May 2013

AbstractReactions of 2‐benzimidazole propionic acid (1) with [Sn(nBu)3]2O and SnPh3OH gave mononuclear organometallic tin esters 2 and 3, respectively, where 1 is coordinated to the tin atom through the carboxylate group. Further reactions of 2 with DMSO and 3 with methanol, ethanol, pyridine, DMSO, THF and water afforded the corresponding tin compounds coordinated by the base 4–10, respectively. X‐ray diffraction analyses of 5, 6 and 10 were obtained. The solid‐state structures showed that the ligand 1 is bound through both oxygen atoms of the carboxylic group with the Lewis base anti to it. Reaction of 1 with di‐n‐butyltin oxide produced a tetranuclear distannoxane (11) by the association of four Sn(nBu)2 groups, two oxygen atoms and four ligands. Four of the oxygen atoms are tricoordinate. The tin atoms are hexacoordinate with distorted octahedral geometries. The macromolecule has in total seven fused rings. Five of them are four membered rings arranged in a ladder‐type arrangement and the other two are six membered rings. The aliphatic chains and the benzimidazole groups are perpendicularly oriented to the polycyclic arrangement giving a sandwich with polar bonds in the middle and covered by the aliphatic and aromatic groups. In all compounds the ligands showed a chiral helicoidal preferred conformation.
Genetic Counseling: A Transnational Perspective
Authors: Elackatt Niby J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAlthough the basic goal and components of genetic counseling appears to be the same across the globe, judged by my experiences there are significant differences in the provision of genetic counseling services in Australasia (Australia and New Zealand) and India. There is poor recognition of the professional status of a genetic counselor in India at present. This may be partly because genetic counseling itself is a relatively new discipline within the medical field in India, although some types of genetic services and research have been conducted since 1960s. In this paper, I aim to provide insight from my personal transnational experiences.
Ethnicity and bullying involvement in a national UK youth sample
Authors: Tippett Neil , Wolke Dieter , Platt Lucinda 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis study investigated ethnic differences in bullying involvement (as victim and bully) among a UK wide sample of adolescents, controlling for potential confounders, including age, gender, economic situation, family structure and parent–adolescent relationships. 4668 youths, aged 10 to 15, who participate in the UK Household Longitudinal Study were assessed for bullying involvement. Binary logistic regression models were used to estimate ethnic differences across bullying roles while controlling for potential confounders. Overall, ethnic minority youths were not more likely to be victims; African boys and girls were significantly less likely to be victimised than same sex White youths. Pakistani and Caribbean girls were significantly more likely to have bullied others compared to White girls.Further research is necessary to explore why Pakistani and Caribbean girls may be more often perpetrators of bullying than girls in other ethnic groups.
Initial credit ratings and earnings management
Authors: Demirtas K. Ozgur , Rodgers Cornaggia Kimberly 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCredit rating agencies assert that they rely on financial information provided by issuers and that they value rating stability as well as accuracy. In an environment where rating agencies depend on issuer‐reported information and are reluctant to adjust ratings promptly, managers of issuing firms can utilize the discretion afforded by GAAP to obtain the most favorable credit ratings. Consistent with our expectations, we find that current accruals are unusually positive and high around initial credit ratings. The increase in abnormally high accruals leading up to the initial credit rating year is followed by a reversal in the subsequent years. Multivariate regression analyses suggest that accounting accruals, abnormal current accruals in particular, are significantly positively related to initial credit ratings after controlling for several issue‐ and issuer‐related characteristics indicative of default risk. Our results are robust to additional tests that account for endogeneity between credit ratings and earnings management, adjust for performance, and account for firms issuing debt and equity simultaneously.
Emergency Response to Mass Casualty Incidents in Lebanon
Authors: El Sayed Mazen J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe emergency response to mass casualty incidents in Lebanon lacks uniformity. Three recent large-scale incidents have challenged the existing emergency response process and have raised the need to improve and develop incident management for better resilience in times of crisis. We describe some simple emergency management principles that are currently applied in the United States. These principles can be easily adopted by Lebanon and other developing countries to standardize and improve their emergency response systems using existing infrastructure. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1–6)
On the wetting dynamics in a Couette flow
Authors: Gao Peng , Lu Xi-Yun 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe dynamics of moving contact lines in a two-phase Couette flow is investigated by using a matched asymptotic procedure. The walls are assumed to be partially wetting, and the microscopic contact angle is finite but sufficiently small so that the lubrication approach can be used. Explicit formulas are derived to characterize the shear-induced interface deformation and the critical capillary number for the onset of wetting transition. It is found that the apparent contact angle vanishes for liquid–air systems and remains finite for liquid–liquid systems when the wetting transition occurs.
Blackness, Indigeneity, Multiculturalism and Genomics in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico
Authors: WADE PETER 
Published: May 2013

AbstractGenomic research in Latin America has looked into the African, Amerindian and European ancestry of local populations. This article explores how indigeneity and blackness figure in genomic science in the light of previous and current representations of indigenous and Afro-descendent people. These categories have been cast as ‘other’ in Latin America, but they have occupied different locations in ‘structures of alterity’. I look briefly at these similarities and differences in the colonial and republican periods and in recent multiculturalist reforms. I look at the gendered sexual imagery surrounding each concept, before examining in detail how blackness and indigeneity figure in gendered ways in genomic science research on admixture and ancestry in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico. I conclude that, in the context of multiculturalism, genomics works to re-centre imaginaries of the nation around the mestizo and mixture, while casting blackness and indigeneity, in sexualised and gendered ways, as different kinds of others.
The Bolivian Revolution at 60: Politics and Historiography
Authors: DUNKERLEY JAMES 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe 60th anniversary of the Bolivian Revolution of 1952 led by the MNR provided an opportunity to review a Latin American political experience of disputed importance in the light of the government of the MAS under Evo Morales since 2006. This essay reappraises the historiography of 1952 from the perspective of MNR officialism and from critical positions, particularly those associated withindigenismoor Katarismo.Bolivia hoy, an influential collection of essays edited by René Zavaleta Mercado in 1983, is identified as a key moment in changing interpretations of the 1952 revolution.
Depression is related to an absence of optimistically biased belief updating about future life events
Authors: Korn C. W. , Sharot T. , Walter H. , Heekeren H. R. , Dolan R. J. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundWhen challenged with information about the future, healthy participants show an optimistically biased updating pattern, taking desirable information more into account than undesirable information. However, it is unknown how patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD), who express pervasive pessimistic beliefs, update their beliefs when receiving information about their future. Here we tested whether an optimistically biased information processing pattern found in healthy individuals is absent in MDD patients.MethodMDD patients (n = 18; 13 medicated; eight with co-morbid anxiety disorder) and healthy controls (n = 19) estimated their personal probability of experiencing 70 adverse life events. After each estimate participants were presented with the average probability of the event occurring to a person living in the same sociocultural environment. This information could be desirable (i.e. average probability better than expected) or undesirable (i.e. average probability worse than expected). To assess how desirable versus undesirable information influenced beliefs, participants estimated their personal probability of experiencing the 70 events a second time.ResultsHealthy controls showed an optimistic bias in updating, that is they changed their beliefs more toward desirable versus undesirable information. Overall, this optimistic bias was absent in MDD patients. Symptom severity correlated with biased updating: more severely depressed individuals showed a more pessimistic updating pattern. Furthermore, MDD patients estimated the probability of experiencing adverse life events as higher than healthy controls.ConclusionsOur findings raise the intriguing possibility that optimistically biased updating of expectations about one's personal future is associated with mental health.