bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and photodynamic activity of new 5‐[(E)‐2‐(3‐alkoxy‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)ethenyl]‐2‐phenyl‐3H‐indoles
Authors: Varvuolytė Gabrielė , Řezníčková Eva , Bieliauskas Aurimas , Kleizienė Neringa , Vojáčková Veronika , Opichalová Alena , Žukauskaitė Asta , Kryštof Vladimír , Šačkus Algirdas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA series of new indole‐pyrazole hybrids 8a–m were synthesized through the palladium‐catalyzed ligandless Heck coupling reaction from easily accessible unsubstituted, methoxy‐ or fluoro‐substituted 4‐ethenyl‐1H‐pyrazoles and 5‐bromo‐3H‐indoles. These compounds exerted cytotoxicity to melanoma G361 cells when irradiated with blue light (414 nm) and no cytotoxicity in the dark at concentrations up to 10 µM, prompting us to explore their photodynamic effects. The photodynamic properties of the example compound 8d were further investigated in breast cancer MCF‐7 cells. Evaluation revealed comparable anticancer activities of 8d in both breast and melanoma cancer cell lines within the submicromolar range. The treatment induced a massive generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to different types of cell death depending on the compound concentration and the irradiation intensity.
Feasibility of using phytoremediation biomass for sustainable biofuel production via thermochemical conversion
Authors: Kick Christopher , Kidikas Žygimantas , Kasiulienė Alfreda , Maletić Snežana , Zeremski Tijana , Rubežius Mantas , Eschen Marcus , Ortner Markus 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study explores a novel approach that combines soil recovery with biofuel production, presenting a strategy that addresses the increasing demand for biofuels while sidestepping the food–fuel debate. It also introduces an innovative method for recovering heavy metals from soils through their translocation into the solid product of the conversion process. Phytoremediation trials were conducted under real field conditions, and the thermochemical conversion of the harvested biomass was carried out at lab scale. Field trials took place in 2021–2023 in Lithuania and Serbia. In Serbia, the contamination primarily involved heavy metals, whereas the Lithuanian site was predominantly contaminated with hydrocarbons from petroleum products. The harvested biomass underwent pretreatment and was then used as feedstock for conversion into high‐energy carriers. The conversion products were evaluated for their potential to substitute fossil fuels. Finally, the value chain, encompassing key stakeholders and factors impacting the profitability of this approach, was established, and initial estimates were made regarding the size of individual cost components.
Neuartige 3D‐Bewehrungen für den Betonbau
Authors: Schumann Alexander , Schütze Elisabeth , May Maximilian , Baumgärtel Enrico , Curbach Manfred , Ehlig Daniel , Fischer Oliver , Hummel Danny 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAngesichts der Herausforderungen in der Bauindustrie, insbesondere des Strebens nach Nachhaltigkeit und Materialeffizienz, untersucht dieser Beitrag die Entwicklung und das Potenzial einer innovativen dreidimensionalen (3D) und vollautomatisiert hergestellten Bewehrungsstruktur aus Carbonfasern, bekannt als „Mesh“. Diese fortschrittliche Bewehrungsmethode bietet eine vielseitige und ressourceneffiziente Alternative zur herkömmlichen Stahlbewehrung und eine Erweiterung zu derzeit verwendeten Carbongittern/‐bewehrungselementen. Das Mesh zeichnet sich durch Anpassungsfähigkeit an verschiedene Formen und Belastungspfade aus, wodurch der Beton‐ und Bewehrungsbedarf reduziert wird, welches die ökologische Bilanz von Bauprojekten verbessert. Die Entwicklung der neuartigen Bewehrungsstruktur, von den anfänglichen Tastversuchen bis zum aktuellen Stand, sowie ihrer Anwendungsmöglichkeiten, einschließlich der möglichen zukünftigen Eignung als Querkraft‐, Oberflächen‐, Spaltzug‐ oder Wendelbewehrung, insbesondere in vorgespannten Bauteilen, werden erörtert. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet den Beitrag des Mesh zur Weiterentwicklung der Bewehrungstechnologie im Betonbau und ist der erste Teil einer mehrteiligen Veröffentlichungsserie.
Modulating metabolism through synthetic biology: Opportunities for two‐stage fermentation
Authors: Rong Yixin , Jensen Sheila Ingemann , Woodley John M. , Nielsen Alex Toftgaard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBio‐based production of fuels, chemicals and materials is needed to replace current fossil fuel based production. However, bio‐based production processes are very costly, so the process needs to be as efficient as possible. Developments in synthetic biology tools has made it possible to dynamically modulate cellular metabolism during a fermentation. This can be used towards two‐stage fermentations, where the process is separated into a growth and a production phase, leading to more efficient feedstock utilization and thus potentially lower costs. This article reviews the current status and some recent results in application of synthetic biology tools towards two‐stage fermentations, and compares this approach to pre‐existing ones, such as nutrient limitation and addition of toxins/inhibitors.
Exploring the cognitive assessment potential of MRI‐based volumetric hippocampal segmentation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Tarhan Merve , Atalay Başak , Buz Yaşar Ayşenur , Özdilek Fatma Betül 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based total and segmental hippocampus volume analysis in the assessment of cognitive status in Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsWe divided participants into three groups Group A‐Parkinson patients (Pp) with normal cognitive status (n = 25), Group B‐Pp with dementia (n = 17), and Group C‐healthy controls (n = 37). Three‐dimensional T1W Fast Spoiled Gradient Recalled Echo images were used for Volbrain hippocampus subfield segmentation. We used the “Winterburn” protocol, which divides the hippocampus into five segments, Cornu Ammonis (CA),CA2/CA3, CA4/dentate gyrus, stratum radiatum, lacunosum, and moleculare, and subiculum.ResultsA total of 79 participants were included in the study, consisting of 42 individuals with PD (64.2% male) and 37 healthy controls (54.1% male). The mean age of PD was 60.9 ± 10.7 years and the mean age of control group was 59.27 ± 12.3 years. Significant differences were found in total hippocampal volumes between Group A and B (p = .047. Statistically significant group differences were found in total, right, and left CA1 volumes (analysis of variance [ANOVA]: F(2,76) = 8.098, p = .001; F(2,76) = 7.628, p = .001; F(2,76) = 5.084, p = .008, respectively), as well as in total subiculum volumes (ANOVA: F(2,76) = 4.368, p = .016). Post hoc tests showed that total subiculum volume was significantly lower in individuals with normal cognitive status (0.474 ± 0.116 cm3) compared to healthy controls (0.578 ± 0.151 cm3, p = .013).ConclusionVolumetric hippocampal MRI can be used to assess the cognitive status of Pp. Longitudinal studies that evaluate Pp who progress from normal cognition to dementia are required to establish a causal relationship.
Unveiling the role of dorsal root ganglia in spasticity reduction: Insights from contralateral seventh cervical nerve cross transfer surgery
Authors: Zhao Xuanyu , Ma Xingyi , Zhao Huali , Li Tie , Qiu Yanqun , Shen Yundong , Feng Juntao , Xu Wendong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as stroke, often lead to spasticity, which result in limb deformities and significant reduction in quality of life. Spasticity arises from disruptions in the normal functioning of cortical and descending inhibitory pathways in the brainstem, leading to abnormal muscle contractions. Contralateral seventh cervical nerve cross transfer (CC7) surgery has been proven to effectively reduce spasticity, but the specific mechanism for its effectiveness is unclear.MethodsThis study aimed to investigate the changes in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) following CC7 surgery. A comprehensive anatomical analysis was conducted through cadaveric study and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, to accurately measure the regional anatomy of the C7 DRG. DRG perfusion changes were quantitatively assessed by comparing pre‐ and postoperative dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI.ResultsIn CC7 surgery, the C7 nerve root on the affected side is cut close to the DRG (3.6 ± 1.0 mm), while the C7 nerve root on the healthy side is cut further away from the DRG (65.0 ± 10.0 mm). MRI studies revealed that after C7 proximal neurotomy on the affected side, there was an increase in DRG volume, vascular permeability, and perfusion; after C7 distal neurotomy on the healthy side, there was a decrease in DRG volume, with no significant changes in vascular permeability and perfusion.ConclusionThis study provides preliminary insights into the mechanisms of spasticity reduction following CC7 surgery, indicating that changes in the DRG, such as increased vascular permeability and perfusion, could disrupt abnormal spinal γ‐circuits. The resulting high‐perfusion state of DRG, possibly due to heightened neuronal activity and metabolic demands, necessitating further research to verify this hypothesis.
Evaluating age‐and gender‐related changes in brain volumes in normal adult using synthetic magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Zheng Zuofeng , Liu Yawen , Wang Zhenchang , Yin Hongxia , Zhang Dongpo , Yang Jiafei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveNormal aging is associated with brain volume change, and brain segmentation can be performed within an acceptable scan time using synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study aimed to investigate the brain volume changes in healthy adult according to age and gender, and provide age‐ and gender‐specific reference values using synthetic MRI.MethodsA total of 300 healthy adults (141 males, median age 48; 159 females, median age 50) were underwent synthetic MRI on 3.0 T. Brain parenchymal volume (BPV), gray matter volume (GMV), white matter volume (WMV), myelin volume (MYV), and cerebrospinal fluid volume (CSFV) were calculated using synthetic MRI software. These volumes were normalized by intracranial volume to normalized GMV (nGMV), normalized WMV (nWMV), normalized MYV (nMYV), normalized BPV (nBPV), and normalized CSFV (nCSFV). The normalized brain volumes were plotted against age in both males and females, and a curve fitting model that best explained the age dependence of brain volume was identified. The normalized brain volumes were compared between different age and gender groups.ResultsThe approximate curves of nGMV, nWMV, nCSFV, nBPV, and nMYV were best fitted by quadratic curves. The nBPV decreased monotonously through all ages in both males and females, while the changes of nCSFV showed the opposite trend. The nWMV and nMYV in both males and females increased gradually and then decrease with age. In early adulthood (20s), nWMV and nMYV in males were lower and peaked later than that in females (p < .005). The nGMV in both males and females decreased in the early adulthood until the 30s and then remains stable. A significant decline in nWMV, nBPV, and nMYV was noted in the 60s (Turkey test, p < .05).ConclusionsOur study provides age‐ and gender‐specific reference values of brain volumes using synthetic MRI, which could be objective tools for discriminating brain disorders from healthy brains
The effect of rifaximin and lactulose treatments to chronic hepatic encephalopathy rats: An [18F]PBR146 in‐vivo neuroinflammation imaging study
Authors: Kong Xiang , Luo Song , Wu Shi Yao , Zhang Jun , Yang Gui Fen , Lu Guang Ming , Zhang Long Jiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionHepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe neuropsychiatric complication of liver diseases characterized by neuroinflammation. The efficacies of nonabsorbable rifaximin (RIF) and lactulose (LAC) have been well documented in the treatment of HE. [18F]PBR146 is a translocator protein (TSPO) radiotracer used for in vivo neuroinflammation imaging. This study investigated anti‐neuroinflammation effect of RIF or/and LAC in chronic HE rats by [18F]PBR146 micro‐PET/CT.MethodsBile duct ligation (BDL) operation induced chronic HE models, and this study included Sham+normal saline (NS), BDL+NS, BDL+RIF, BDL+LAC, and BDL+RIF+LAC groups. Behavioral assessment was performed to analyze the motor function, and fecal samples were collected after successfully established the chronic HE model (more than 28 days post‐surgery). In addition, fecal samples collection and micro‐PET/CT scans were performed sequentially. And we also collected the blood plasma, liver, intestinal, and brain samples after sacrificing the rats for further biochemical and pathological analyses.ResultsThe RIF‐ and/or LAC‐treated BDL rats showed similar behavioral results with Sham+NS group, while the treatment could not reverse the biliary obstruction resulting in sustained liver injury. The RIF or/and LAC treatments can inhibit IFN‐γ and IL‐10 productions. The global brain uptake values of [18F]PBR146 in BDL+NS group was significantly higher than other groups (p < .0001). The brain regions analysis showed that the basal ganglia, hippocampus, and cingulate cortex had radiotracer uptake differences among groups (all p < .05), which were consistent with the brain immunohistochemistry results. Sham+NS group was mainly enriched in Christensenella, Coprobacillus, and Pseudoflavonifractor. BDL+NS group was mainly enriched in Barnesiella, Alloprevotella, Enterococcus, and Enterorhabdus. BDL+RIF+LAC group was enriched in Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, and Parasutterella.ConclusionsRIF or/and LAC had anti‐neuroinflammation in BDL‐induced chronic HE rats with gut microbiota alterations. The [18F]PBR146 could be used for monitoring RIF or/and LAC treatment efficacy of chronic HE rats.
Anticancer restrictive diets and the risk of psychological distress: Review and perspectives
Authors: Da Prat Valentina , Pravettoni Gabriella , Casirati Amanda , Marzorati Chiara , Pedrazzoli Paolo , Caccialanza Riccardo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe most studied anticancer restrictive diets include fasting, fasting‐mimicking diets (FMDs) and ketogenic diets (KDs). Besides the current lack of established clinical benefit and the significant risk of malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, dietary restrictions in cancer patients might have relevant psychological effects.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed the randomized and non‐randomized controlled clinical trials (CCTs) reporting data on the psychological impact of fasting, FMDs and KDs in cancer patients. We excluded trials on restrictive diets performed for weight reduction in obese or overweight patients, studies on dietary restrictions lasting less than 24 h, and studies on fasting related to cultural or religious beliefs.ResultsThree CCTs on fasting or FMDs and eight CCTs on KDs in cancer patients were included. In terms of diet‐related distress, emotional, social, and family well‐being, none of these studies showed a detrimental impact of fasting, FMDs and KDs. However, clinical trials specifically assessing the psychological aspects in the long term are lacking.Conclusions and PerspectivesIn the absence of a conclusive evidence on the clinical benefits of restrictive diets, which carry significant risks especially if unsupervised, further studies are needed to clarify their psychological impact in cancer patients. Multidisciplinary approaches including psychological evaluations should be used to ameliorate patient selection for clinical trials, identify early distress symptoms, and increase patient compliance to dietary recommendations.
Laparoscopy is non‐inferior to open surgery for rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ma Ling , Yu Hai‐jiao , Zhu Yu‐bing , Li Wen‐xia , Xu Kai‐yu , Zhao Ai‐min , Ding Lei , Gao Hong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic surgery has been endorsed by clinical guidelines for colon cancer, but not for rectal cancer on account of unapproved oncologic equivalence with open surgery.AimsWe started this largest‐to‐date meta‐analysis to comprehensively evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopy in the treatment of rectal cancer compared with open surgery.Materials & MethodsBoth randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials comparing laparoscopic proctectomy and open surgery between January 1990 and March 2020 were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase Databases (PROSPERO registration number CRD42020211718). The data of intraoperative, pathological, postoperative and survival outcomes were compared between two groups.ResultsTwenty RCTs and 93 NRCTs including 216,615 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with 48,888 patients received laparoscopic surgery and 167,727 patients underwent open surgery. Compared with open surgery, laparoscopic surgery group showed faster recovery, less complications and decreased mortality within 30 days. The positive rate of circumferential margin (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.72 to 0.85, p < 0.0001) and distal margin (RR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.85 p < 0.0001) was significantly reduced in the laparoscopic surgery group, but the completeness of total mesorectal excision showed no significant difference. The 3‐year and 5‐year local recurrence, disease‐free survival and overall survival were all improved in the laparoscopic surgery group, while the distal recurrence did not differ significantly between the two approaches.ConclusionLaparoscopy is non‐inferior to open surgery for rectal cancer with respect to oncological outcomes and long‐term survival. Moreover, laparoscopic surgery provides short‐term advantages, including faster recovery and less complications.
Ultrahypofractionation in postoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer: A single‐institution retrospective cohort series
Authors: Calvo Tudela Angel , García Anaya María Jesús , Segado Guillot Salvador , Martin Romero Nuria , Lorca Ocón María Jesús , Medina Carmona José Antonio , Gómez‐Millán Jaime , García Ríos Isabel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe ‘FAST‐forward’, study published in April 2020, demonstrated the effectiveness of an extremely hypofractionated radiotherapy schedule, delivering the total radiation dose in five sessions over the course of 1 week. We share our department's experience regarding patients treated with this regimen in real‐world clinical settings, detailing outcomes related to short‐term toxicity and efficacy.MethodsA descriptive observational study was conducted on 160 patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Between July 2020 and December 2021, patients underwent conservative surgery followed by a regimen of 26 Gy administered in five daily fractions.ResultsThe median age was 64 years (range: 43–83), with 82 patients (51.3%) treated for left‐sided breast cancer, 77 patients (48.1%) for right‐sided breast cancer, and 1 instance (0.6%) of bilateral breast cancer. Of these, 66 patients had pT1c (41.3%), 70.6% were infiltrative ductal carcinomas, and 11.3% were ductal carcinoma in situ. Most tumours exhibited intermediate grade (41.9%), were hormone receptor positive (81.3%), had low Ki‐67 (Ki‐67 < 20%; 51.9%) and were Her 2 negative (85%). The majority of surgical margins were negative (99.4%). Among the patients, 72.5% received hormonotherapy, and 23.8% received chemotherapy. Additionally, 26 patients (16.3%) received an additional tumour boost following whole breast irradiation (WHBI) of 10 Gy administered in five sessions of 2 Gy over a week. The median planning target volume (PTV) was 899 cm3 (range: 110–2509 cm3). Early toxicity was primarily grade I radiodermatitis, affecting 117 patients (73.1%). During a median follow‐up of 15 months (range: 3.9–28.77), only one patient experienced a local relapse, which required mastectomy.ConclusionsThe implementation of this highly hypofractionated regimen in early‐stage breast cancer appears feasible and demonstrates minimal early toxicity. However, a more extended follow‐up duration would be required to evaluate long‐term toxicity and efficacy accurately.
Phase 1b study to assess the safety, tolerability, and clinical activity of pamiparib in combination with temozolomide in patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors
Authors: Stradella Agostina , Johnson Melissa , Goel Sanjay , Park Haeseong , Lakhani Nehal , Arkenau Hendrik‐Tobias , Galsky Matthew D. , Calvo Emiliano , Baz Vicente , Moreno Victor , Saavedra Omar , Luen Stephen J. , Mu Song , Wan Qiting , Chang Victoria , Zhang Wa , Barve Minal 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPamiparib is a potent, selective, poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1/2 inhibitor that demonstrates synthetic lethality in cells with breast cancer susceptibility gene mutations or other homologous recombination deficiency. This two‐stage phase 1b study (NCT03150810) assessed pamiparib in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) in adult patients with histologically confirmed locally advanced and metastatic solid tumors.MethodsOral pamiparib 60 mg was administered twice daily. During the dose‐escalation stage, increasing doses of TMZ (40–120 mg once daily pulsed or 20–40 mg once daily continuous) were administered to determine the recommended dose to be administered in the dose‐expansion stage. The primary objectives were to determine safety and tolerability, maximum tolerated/administered dose, recommended phase 2 dose and schedule, and antitumor activity of pamiparib in combination with TMZ. Pharmacokinetics of pamiparib and TMZ and biomarkers were also assessed.ResultsAcross stages, 139 patients were treated (dose escalation, n = 66; dose expansion, n = 73). The maximum tolerated dose of TMZ, which was administered during dose expansion, was 7‐day pulsed 60 mg once daily. The most common treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were anemia (dose escalation, 56.1%; dose expansion, 63.0%), nausea (dose escalation, 54.5%; dose expansion, 49.3%), and fatigue (dose escalation, 48.5%; dose expansion, 47.9%). In the dose‐escalation stage, four patients experienced dose‐limiting toxicities (three neutropenia and one neutrophil count decreased). No TEAEs considered to be related to study drug treatment resulted in death. Antitumor activity was modest, indicated by confirmed overall response rate (dose escalation, 13.8%; dose expansion, 11.6%), median progression‐free survival (3.7 and 2.8 months), and median overall survival (10.5 and 9.2 months). Administration of combination therapy did not notably impact pamiparib or TMZ pharmacokinetics.ConclusionsPamiparib in combination with TMZ had a manageable safety profile. Further investigation of the efficacy of this combination in tumor types with specific DNA damage repair deficiencies is warranted.