bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Entry Communities Increase Trip Distance and May Overestimate Neighborhood Walkability
Authors: Coughenour Courtney , Bungum Timothy J. 
Published: August 2014

Background:Neighborhood walkability is being promoted as an important factor in public health efforts to decrease rates of physical inactivity. Single entry communities (SEC), communities with only 1 entrance/exit, may result in an over estimation of walkability. This design makes direct walking routes outside the community nearly impossible and results in increased trip distance. The purpose of this study was to determine if accounting for SECs resulted in a significant difference in street connectivity.Methods:Twenty geographically different Las Vegas neighborhoods were chosen and the number of true intersections measured in ArcGIS. Neighborhoods were then assessed for the presence of SECs using google maps, ArcGIS land imagery, and field observation. Intersections inside SECs were removed. A paired t test was used to assess the mean difference of intersection density before and after adjustment.Results:There was a statistically significant decrease in the number of true intersections after the adjustment (before mean = 57.8; after mean = 45.7). The eta squared statistic indicates a large effect size (0.3).Conclusions:Single entry communities result in an over estimation of street connectivity. If SECs are not accounted for, trip distances will be underestimated and public health efforts to promote walking through walkable neighborhoods may prove less effective.
Activity Patterns of Preschool-Aged Children at Risk for Obesity
Authors: Senso Meghan M. , Trost Stewart G. , Crain A. Lauren , Seburg Elisabeth M. , Anderson Julie D. , Sherwood Nancy E. 
Published: August 2014

Background:Although the prevalence of obesity in young children highlights the importance of early interventions to promote physical activity (PA), there are limited data on activity patterns in this age group. The purpose of this study was to describe activity patterns in preschool-aged children and explore differences by weight status.Methods:Analyses use baseline data from Healthy Homes/Healthy Kids–Preschool, a pilot obesity prevention trial of preschool-aged children who are overweight or at risk for being overweight. A modified parent-reported version of the previous-day PA recall was used to summarize types of activity. Accelerometry was used to summarize daily and hourly activity patterns.Results:“Playing with toys” accounted for the largest proportion of a child’s previous day, followed by “meals and snacks” and “chores.” Accelerometry-measured daily time spent in sedentary behavior, light PA, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was 412, 247, and 69 minutes, respectively. Percentage of hourly time spent in MVPA ranged from 3% to 13%, peaking in the late morning and evening hours. There were no statistically significant MVPA differences by weight status.Conclusion:This study extends our understanding of activity types, amounts, and patterns in preschool-aged children and warrants further exploration of differences in PA patterns by weight status.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacteriophage Isolated from the Anterior Nares of Humans
Authors: Aswani Vijay H. , Tremblay Denise M. , Moineau Sylvain , Shukla Sanjay K. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

We report here the complete genome sequence of a virulent
Staphylococcus epidermidis
siphophage, phage 6ec, isolated from the anterior nares of a human. This viral genome is 93,794 bp in length, with a 3′ overhang
cos
site of 10 nucleotides, and it codes for 142 putative open reading frames.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus subtilis BAB-1, a Biocontrol Agent for Suppression of Tomato Gray Mold
Authors: Guo Qinggang , Li Shezeng , Lu Xiuyun , Zhang Xiaoyun , Wang Peipei , Ma Ping 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Bacillus subtilis
BAB-1, isolated from cotton rhizosphere soil, is an excellent biocontrol agent for tomato gray mold. The genome of
B. subtilis
strain BAB-1 was fully sequenced and annotated, genes encoding the antifungal active compound were identified, and multiple sets of regulatory systems were found in the genome.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Streptococcus macedonicus Strain 33MO, Isolated from the Curd of Morlacco Cheese in the Veneto Region (Italy)
Authors: Vendramin Veronica , Treu Laura , Bovo Barbara , Campanaro Stefano , Corich Viviana , Giacomini Alessio 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

A genetic characterization of
Streptococcus macedonicus
is important to better understand the characteristics of this lactic acid bacterium, frequently detected in fermented food bacteria communities. This report presents the draft genome sequence description of strain 33MO, the first publicly available genome sequence of an Italian
S. macedonicus
isolate.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus anthracis HYU01, Isolated from Soil Samples in the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Kim Se Kye , Chung Won-Hyong , Kim Sang Hoon , Jung Kyoung Hwa , Kim Namshin , Chai Young Gyu 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Bacillus anthracis
is a Gram-positive endospore-forming bacterium that causes the zoonotic disease anthrax. We report a complete genome sequence of
B. anthracis
strain HYU01, isolated from Changnyung, which belongs to the B branch (B.Br.) 001/002 canonical single nucleotide polymorphism (canSNP) group.
Draft Genome Sequence of Cronobacter sakazakii Clonal Complex 45 Strain HPB5174, Isolated from a Powdered Infant Formula Facility in Ireland
Authors: Pightling Arthur W. , Pagotto Franco 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Cronobacter sakazakii
is a food-borne pathogenic bacterium that may cause severe illness in neonates and the elderly. We present the genome sequence of a rare strain (ST40, CC45), commonly found in multiple food processing facilities and in powdered infant formula and only indicted in a single clinical case.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Microbacterium
sp. Strain CH12i, Isolated from Shallow Groundwater in Cape Hallett, Antarctica
Authors: Ferreras Eloy R. , De Maayer Pieter , Makhalanyane Thulani P. , Guerrero Leandro D. , Aislabie Jackie M. , Cowan Don A. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

The Antarctic continent is largely covered by an expansive ice sheet, but it harbors diverse terrestrial and aquatic habitats in the coastal ice-free continental margins. Here we present the draft genome of
Microbacterium
sp. CH12i, which was isolated from hypersaline, alkaline, and nutrient-rich groundwater from Cape Hallett, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Pasteurella multocida Strains Isolated from Buffaloes in India with Hemorrhagic Septicemia Disease
Authors: Abrahante J. E. , Veeregowda B. M. , Hogtapur S. S. , Briggs R. E. , Maheswaran S. K. , Sreevatsan S. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Pasteurella multocida
serotype B:2 is the causative agent of hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle and buffaloes in Asia. It is an acute fatal disease and is considered one of the most economically important diseases in this region of the world. We present here the draft genome sequences of strains 2213 and 3213 of
P. multocida
.
The multiple lifestyle modification for patients with prehypertension and hypertension patients: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Li Juan , Zheng Hui , Du Huai-bin , Tian Xiao-ping , Jiang Yi-jing , Zhang Shao-lan , Kang Yu , Li Xiang , Chen Jie , Lu Chao , Lai Zhen-hong , Liang Fan-rong 
Published: August 2014

IntroductionThe objective of this systematic review is to investigate the effectiveness, efficacy and safety of multiple concomitant lifestyle modification therapies for patients with hypertension or prehypertension.Methods and analysisElectronic searches will be performed in the Cochrane Library, OVID, EMBASE, etc, along with manual searches in the reference lists of relevant papers found during electronic search. We will identify eligible randomised controlled trials utilising multiple lifestyle modifications to lower blood pressure. The control could be drug therapy, single lifestyle change or no intervention. Changes in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure constitute primary end points, and secondary end points include the number of patients meeting the office target blood pressure, the number of patients reporting microvascular or macrovascular complications, etc. We will extract descriptive, methodological and efficacy data from identified randomised controlled trials (RCTs). We will calculate the relative risk for proportion of patients with a normal blood pressure in the experimental group. Dichotomous data will be analysed using risk difference and continuous data using weighted mean differences, both with 95% CI. We will use the χ2test and the I2statistic to assess heterogeneity. We will use the fixed effects model to compute the efficacy unless there is evidence of heterogeneity. If heterogeneity of effect size persists with respect to blood pressure change, further metaregression will be performed within groups. We will examine the potential for publication bias by using a funnel plot.DisseminationWe will synthesise results from RCTs which provide more precise and accurate information on the effect of multiple lifestyle changes on blood pressure. The results of this review will increase the understanding of multiple lifestyle modifications for patients with hypertension or prehypertension.Trail registration numberOur protocol is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42013006476),http://www.crd.your.ac.uk/PROSPERO.
Building a Pre-Calculated Quick Forecast System for Tsunami Run-Up Height
Authors: Lin Jing-Hua , Chen Yi-Fan , Liu Chin-Chu , Chen Guan-Yu 
Published: August 2014

The main purpose of this study is to build a run-up database using an analytical Green's function of 1D fully nonlinear shallow water equations over a uniform constant slope. The total mechanical energy, tsunami run-up height and inundation distance can be quickly derived once a submarine earthquake occurs. Only fast fourier transformation (FFT), multiplication and superposition are employed in the present algorithm. The in situ investigations of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and 2011 Tohoku Tsunami are used to validate the present methodology. Most calculated run-up heights are on the safe side and the inundation distance is reasonable. The computational procedure can be efficiently finished within a few seconds so that complete tsunami information can be provided after integrating the existing numerical Green's function database.
The Human Gut Microbiome as a Screening Tool for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zackular Joseph P. , Rogers Mary A.M. , Ruffin Mack T. , Schloss Patrick D. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that the gut microbiome may be an important factor in the development of colorectal cancer. Abnormalities in the gut microbiome have been reported in patients with colorectal cancer; however, this microbial community has not been explored as a potential screen for early-stage disease. We characterized the gut microbiome in patients from three clinical groups representing the stages of colorectal cancer development: healthy, adenoma, and carcinoma. Analysis of the gut microbiome from stool samples revealed both an enrichment and depletion of several bacterial populations associated with adenomas and carcinomas. Combined with known clinical risk factors of colorectal cancer (e.g., BMI, age, race), data from the gut microbiome significantly improved the ability to differentiate between healthy, adenoma, and carcinoma clinical groups relative to risk factors alone. Using Bayesian methods, we determined that using gut microbiome data as a screening tool improved the pretest to posttest probability of adenoma more than 50-fold. For example, the pretest probability in a 65-year-old was 0.17% and, after using the microbiome data, this increased to 10.67% (1 in 9 chance of having an adenoma). Taken together, the results of our study demonstrate the feasibility of using the composition of the gut microbiome to detect the presence of precancerous and cancerous lesions. Furthermore, these results support the need for more cross-sectional studies with diverse populations and linkage to other stool markers, dietary data, and personal health information. Cancer Prev Res; 7(11); 1112–21. ©2014 AACR.
Discovery of Biomarkers Predictive of GSI Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Authors: Stoeck Alexander , Lejnine Serguei , Truong Andrew , Pan Li , Wang Hongfang , Zang Chongzhi , Yuan Jing , Ware Chris , MacLean John , Garrett-Engele Philip W. , Kluk Michael , Laskey Jason , Haines Brian B. , Moskaluk Christopher , Zawel Leigh , Fawell Stephen , Gilliland Gary , Zhang Theresa , Kremer Brandon E. , Knoechel Birgit , Bernstein Bradley E. , Pear Warren S. , Liu X. Shirley , Aster Jon C. , Sathyanarayanan Sriram 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Next-generation sequencing was used to identify Notch mutations in a large collection of diverse solid tumors. NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 rearrangements leading to constitutive receptor activation were confined to triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC; 6 of 66 tumors). TNBC cell lines with NOTCH1 rearrangements associated with high levels of activated NOTCH1 (N1-ICD) were sensitive to the gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) MRK-003, both alone and in combination with paclitaxel, in vitro and in vivo, whereas cell lines with NOTCH2 rearrangements were resistant to GSI. Immunohistochemical staining of N1-ICD in TNBC xenografts correlated with responsiveness, and expression levels of the direct Notch target gene HES4 correlated with outcome in patients with TNBC. Activating NOTCH1 point mutations were also identified in other solid tumors, including adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Notably, ACC primary tumor xenografts with activating NOTCH1 mutations and high N1-ICD levels were sensitive to GSI, whereas N1-ICD–low tumors without NOTCH1 mutations were resistant.
Significance: NOTCH1 mutations, immunohistochemical staining for activated NOTCH1, and HES4 expression are biomarkers that can be used to identify solid tumors that are likely to respond to GSI-based therapies. Cancer Discov; 4(10); 1154–67. ©2014 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1103
Impact of Time to Treatment on Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator–Induced Recanalization in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Muchada Marian , Rodriguez-Luna David , Pagola Jorge , Flores Alan , Sanjuan Estela , Meler Pilar , Boned Sandra , Alvarez-Sabin Jose , Ribo Marc , Molina Carlos A. , Rubiera Marta 
Published: August 2014

Background and Purpose—
Although tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) efficacy depends on time, it is unknown whether its effect on recanalization is time dependent. Information about likelihood of successful recanalization as a function of time to treatment may improve patient selection for advanced reperfusion strategies. We aimed to identify the impact of time to treatment on tPA-induced recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—
Consecutive patients with intracranial acute occlusion treated with intravenous tPA underwent transcranial Doppler examination before and 1 hour after tPA administration. Patients were categorized according to occlusion localization in proximal and distal occlusion. Sequential analysis of recanalization according to time to treatment was performed for every 30-minute cutoff point.

Results—
Overall (n=508), 54.3% had proximal and 45.7% had distal occlusion. Median time to treatment was 171.4±61.9 minutes, and 5.9% were treated >270 minutes. Recanalization occurred in 36.1% of patients. There was no linear association between time to treatment and time to recanalization, but sequential analysis showed that patients treated >270 minutes had a lower recanalization rate. Lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on admission (odds ratio [OR], 0.305; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1–0.933) and time to treatment ≤270 minutes (OR, 0.995; 95% CI, 0.99–0.999) emerged as independent predictors of recanalization. In patients with proximal occlusion, 41.8% recanalized. Time to treatment >90 minutes was associated with lower recanalization rate. However, only younger age (OR, 0.975; 95% CI, 0.952–0.999) and lower baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (OR, 0.921; 95% CI, 0.855–0.993) independently predicted recanalization. In distal occlusion patients, male sex was the only independent predictor of recanalization (OR, 0.416; 95% CI, 0.195–0.887). None recanalized >270 minutes.

Conclusions—
The effect of tPA on recanalization may decrease over time. Treatment >270 minutes predicted lack of recanalization, especially in distal occlusions.
Urbanization and Rainfall Variability in the Beijing Metropolitan Region
Authors: Zhang Yan , Smith James A. , Luo Lifeng , Wang Zifa , Baeck Mary Lynn 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In this study, rainfall variability in the Beijing metropolitan region and its link to urbanization during the first 10 years of the twenty-first century (2000–09) was examined. Analyses are based on both observations and regional climate model simulations. The study was focused on August, one of the summer months that receive most of the warm season precipitation in Beijing. Observations from surface stations and weather radars in Beijing and its surrounding regions along with satellite observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) are used to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation. It is found that the urban area has fewer rain days and higher rainfall intensity compared to its surrounding region. This suggests a possible impact of urbanization on the spatial variability of rainfall for the region. Regional climate model simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model are thus performed with two land use–land cover datasets that represent different stages of urbanization in the Beijing metropolitan region to investigate such an impact. The modeling study demonstrates how urbanization modifies the surface energy budget and the planetary boundary layer, which in turn affects the production of precipitation.
Impacts of Raindrop Fall Velocity and Axis Ratio Errors on Dual-Polarization Radar Rainfall Estimation
Authors: Pei Bin , Testik Firat Y. , Gebremichael Mekonnen 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMotivated by the field observations of fall velocity and axis ratio deviations from predicted terminal velocity and equilibrium axis ratio values, the combined effects of raindrop fall velocity and axis ratio deviations on dual-polarization radar rainfall estimations were investigated. A radar rainfall retrieval algorithm [Colorado State University–Hydrometeor Identification Rainfall Optimization (CSU-HIDRO)] served as the test bed. Subsequent investigations determined that the available field measurements, which were very limited in scope, of the fall velocity and axis ratio deviations indicated rain-rate estimation errors of approximately 20%. Based on these findings, a sensitivity study was then performed using uncorrelated fall velocity and axis ratio deviations around the predicted values. Significant rain-rate estimation errors were observed for the realistic combinations of fall velocity and axis ratio deviations. It was shown that the maximum rain-rate estimation error can reach up to approximately 200% for combinations of fall velocity and axis ratio deviations (5000 drop size distribution samples were simulated for each combination) between −10% and +10% of the predicted values for each. The maximum standard deviation of errors was as great as 75% for the same combinations of fall velocity and axis ratio deviations. The authors found that use of dual-polarization radars to accurately estimate rainfall, during natural rain events, also requires a reanalysis of the parameterizations for raindrop fall velocity and axis ratio. These parameterizations should consider both the coupling between these two parameters and factors that may introduce any possible deviations of the predicted values of these parameters.
An Observing System Simulation Experiment for the Unmanned Aircraft System Data Impact on Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasts
Authors: Privé N. C. , Xie Yuanfu , Koch Steven , Atlas Robert , Majumdar Sharanya J. , Hoffman Ross N. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
High-altitude, long-endurance unmanned aircraft systems (HALE UAS) are capable of extended flights for atmospheric sampling. A case study was conducted to evaluate the potential impact of dropwindsonde observations from HALE UAS on tropical cyclone track prediction; tropical cyclone intensity was not addressed. This study employs a global observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) developed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL) that is based on the NOAA/National Centers for Environmental Prediction gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system and Global Forecast System (GFS) model. Different strategies for dropwindsonde deployment and UAS flight paths were compared. The introduction of UAS-deployed dropwindsondes was found to consistently improve the track forecast skill during the early forecast up to 96 h, with the caveat that the experiments omitted both vortex relocation and dropwindsondes from manned flights in the tropical cyclone region. The more effective UAS dropwindsonde deployment patterns sampled both the environment and the body of the tropical cyclone.
Electrodynamics in the duskside inner magnetosphere and plasmasphere during a super magnetic storm on March 13–15, 1989
Authors: Shinbori A. , Nishimura Y. , Ono T. , Kumamoto A. , Oya H. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Variations of cold plasma density distribution and large-scale electric field in the inner magnetosphere and plasmasphere during a geomagnetic storm were investigated by using the observation data of the Akebono satellite which has been carried out for more than 15 yeas since March, 1989. We focus on the super geomagnetic storm on March 13–15, 1989, for which the maximum negative excursion of the Dst index was −589 nT. During the main phase of the magnetic storm, the strong convection electric field with a spatially inhomogeneous structure appears in the inner magnetosphere between L = 2.0 and 7.0. The averaged intensity of the electric field was in a range of about 2.5–9.2 mV/m. The spatial distribution in the magnetic equatorial region indicates that the magnitude within an L-value range of 2.2–7.0 is much larger than that observed at L = 7.0–10.0. Associated with the appearance of the strong convection electric field, the cold plasma density near the trough region around L = 3.0–6.0 was enhanced with one or two order magnitude, compared with that in the magnetically quiet condition. This implies that a mount of the ionospheric plasma may be supplied from the topside ionosphere into the trough and plasmasphere regions by the frictional heating due to the fast plasma convection in the ionosphere as pointed out by previous studies on the enhancements of plasma density in these regions, based on incoherent scatter radar and total electron content (TEC) observations (e.g., Yeh and Foster, 1990; Foster et al., 2004). During the recovery phase of the magnetic storm, the convection electric field observed in the inner magnetosphere and plasmasphere regions recovers within 3-4 days almost up to the level of the magnetically quiet condition.