bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early growth response 1 (Egr‐1) directly regulates GABAA receptor α2, α4, and θ subunits in the hippocampus
Authors: Mo Jiwon , Kim Chong‐Hyun , Lee Dongmin , Sun Woong , Lee Hyun Woo , Kim Hyun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe homeostatic regulation of neuronal activity in glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses is critical for neural circuit development and synaptic plasticity. The induced expression of the transcription factor early growth response 1 (Egr‐1) in neurons is tightly associated with many forms of neuronal activity, but the underlying target genes in the brain remained to be elucidated. This study uses a quantitative real‐time PCR approach, in combination with in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation, and reveals that GABAA receptor subunit, GABRA2 (α2), GABRA4 (α4), and GABRQ (θ) genes, are transcriptional targets of Egr‐1. Transfection of a construct that over‐expresses Egr‐1 in neuroblastoma (Neuro2A) cells up‐regulates the α2, α4, and θ subunits. Given that Egr‐1 knockout mice display less GABRA2, GABRA4, and GRBRQ mRNA in the hippocampus, and that Egr‐1 directly binds to their promoters and induces mRNA expression, the present findings support a role for Egr‐1 as a major regulator for altered GABAA receptor composition in homeostatic plasticity, in a glutamatergic activity‐dependent manner.
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The early growth response 1 (Egr‐1) is an inducible transcription factor to mediate rapid gene expression by neuronal activity. However, its underlying molecular target genes and mechanisms are not fully understood. We suggest that GABAA receptor subunits, GABRA2 (α2), GABRA4 (α4), and GABRQ (θ) genes are transcriptional targets of Egr‐1. Neuronal activity‐dependent up‐regulation of Egr‐1 might lead to altered subtypes of GABAA receptors for the maintenance of homeostatic excitatory and inhibitory balance for the regulation of synaptic strength.
Functional characterization of mutants in the transmembrane domains of the rat P2X7 receptor that regulate pore conductivity and agonist sensitivity
Authors: Jindrichova Marie , Bhattacharya Anirban , Rupert Marian , Skopek Petr , Obsil Tomas , Zemkova Hana 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn the sustained presence of agonist, the opening of P2X7R channel is followed by pore dilatation, which causes an increase in its permeability to larger organic cations, accompanied by receptor sensitization. To explore the molecular mechanisms by which the conductivity and sensitivity are increased, we analyzed the electrophysiological properties and YO‐PRO‐1 uptake of selected alanine mutants in the first and second transmembrane domains of the rat P2X7R. Substitution of residues Y40, F43, G338, and D352 with alanine reduced membrane trafficking, and the D352A was practically non‐functional. The Y40A and F43A mutants that were expressed in the membrane lacked pore dilation ability. Moreover, the Y40A and Y40F displayed desensitization, whereas the Y40W partially recovered receptor function. The G338A/S mutations favored the open state of the channel and displayed instantaneous permeability to larger organic cations. The G338P was non‐functional. The L341A and G345A displayed normal trafficking, current amplitude, and sensitization, but both mutations resulted in a decreased pore formation and dye uptake. These results showed that the increase in P2X7R conductivity and sensitivity is critically dependent on residues Y40 and F43 in the TM1 domain and that the region located at the intersection of TM2 helices controls the rate of large pore opening.
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We investigated the mechanism of the proapoptotic receptor P2X7R's large pore opening and its sensitization. We found that aromatic residues in the upper part of the first transmembrane domain (TM1) are critical for both the P2X7R channel pore opening and receptor sensitization, and residues located at or below the intersection of the second transmembrane domains (TM2) control the rate of pore opening. These findings identify new residues involved in pore formation of P2X7R.
The Regulation of Oxytocin Receptor Gene Expression during Adipogenesis
Authors: Yi K. J. , So K. H. , Hata Y. , Suzuki Y. , Kato D. , Watanabe K. , Aso H. , Kasahara Y. , Nishimori K. , Chen C. , Katoh K. , Roh S. G. 
Published: February 2015

Although it has been reported that oxytocin stimulates lipolysis in adipocytes, changes in the expression of oxytocin receptor (OTR) mRNA in adipogenesis are still unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of OTR mRNA during adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in adipocytes. OTR mRNA was highly expressed in adipocytes prepared from mouse adipose tissues compared to stromal‐vascular cells. OTR mRNA expression was increased during the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3‐L1 cells. OTR expression levels were higher in subcutaneous and epididymal adipose tissues of 14‐week‐old male mice compared to 7‐week‐old male mice. Levels of OTR mRNA expression were higher in adipose tissues at four different sites of mice fed a high‐fat diet than in those of mice fed a normal diet. The OTR expression level was also increased by refeeding for 4 h after fasting for 16 h. Oxytocin significantly induced lipolysis in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. In conclusion, a new regulatory mechanism is demonstrated for oxytocin to control the differentiation and fat accumulation in adipocytes via activation of OTR as a part of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adipose axis.
Effect of Different Diets on Body Biochemical Composition of the Four‐sided Sea Cucumber, Isostichopus badionotus, Under Culture Conditions
Authors: Zacarias‐Soto Magali , Olvera‐Novoa Miguel Á. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe successful development of intensive farming of sea cucumbers requires diets tailored to their needs; hence, the objective of this study was to test different commercial diets and measure their effects on the growth and biochemical composition of four‐sided sea cucumber, Isostichopus badionotus. Three diets were used: diet A (37.66% protein and 7.27% lipids), diet B (20.09% protein and 3.34% lipids), and diet C (14.83% protein and 2.45% lipids). No differences in weight gain among treatments were observed; however, sea cucumbers fed diet C presented lower carcass protein levels. Lipid content decreased in all treatments compared to the initial values. I. badionotus maintained its initial body profile regardless of the fatty acids composition of the diets; however, the body level of saturated fatty acids increased significantly in animals fed diets B and C. The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids was very low in all diets; nevertheless, the sea cucumbers maintained their corporal levels of C20:2, C20:3n‐3, C20:4n‐6, C20:5n‐3, and C22:6n‐3. They are also capable of elongate and desaturate 16C and 18C fatty acids supplied in the diet. These results suggest that I. badionotus is capable of maintaining its biochemical composition when fed diets containing at least 20% protein and low levels of lipids.
Inbreeding Effects on Body Weight at Harvest Size and Grow‐out Survival Rate in a Genetic Selected Population of Pacific White Shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei
Authors: de los Ríos‐Pérez Lidia , Campos‐Montes Gabriel R. , Martínez‐Ortega Alfonso , Castillo‐Juárez Héctor , Montaldo Hugo H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of inbreeding on body weight (BW) at harvest size (130 d of age) and grow‐out survival rate (SR) (65–130 d of age) in a nucleus breeding population of Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei. An experiment was designed to generate inbred families the product of sibling matings, as well as groups of families with different inbreeding coefficients in three successive generations. The families came from a broodstock line selected for growth and survival. Inbreeding coefficients varied between 0 and 60.4%. A total of 16,361 shrimp from 320 families were produced. Data were analyzed using mixed linear model methodology and restricted maximum likelihood methods. Estimated change on BW per 10% increase on the inbreeding coefficient was −2.19 ± 0.41% (P <0.001) relative to the mean of non‐inbred shrimp predicted from the model (19.63 g). Regression coefficient for grow‐out SR on inbreeding was not significant. Estimated change in SR per 10% increase on the inbreeding coefficient was −0.009 ± 0.006% (P = 0.108) relative to the mean of non‐inbred shrimp predicted from the model (81.72%). It is important to control inbreeding level in breeding programs.
Corn Starch as a Dietary Seaweed Powder Replacer in Juvenile Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai
Authors: Ferreira Fernando M. , Deysolong Larry B. , Park Gunhyun , Yun Hyeonho , Jang Inkwon , Kim Kangwoong , Bai Sungchul C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the use of corn starch (CS) as a replacer of seaweed powder (SWP) in the diets of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Six experimental diets were formulated with CS to replace SWP at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% (Con, CS20, CS40, CS60, CS80, and CS100, respectively). Abalones averaging 0.44 ± 0.01 g (mean ± SD) were distributed into 18 tanks, and fed one of the six experimental diets in triplicate for 10 wk. After the feeding trial, abalone fed CS100 had a lower weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate than abalone fed the other diets; however, there was no significant difference among abalone fed Con, CS20, CS40, CS60, and CS80. Abalone fed Con, CS20, and CS40 had a higher feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio than abalone fed CS100 diet, although there were no significant differences among abalone fed Con, CS20, CS40, CS60, and CS80. Abalone fed CS100 had a lower whole‐body crude lipid content than did abalone fed Con. Broken‐line analysis for WG indicated that dietary SWP was successfully replaced by CS up to 74.8%. Based on growth performance, CS could replace more than 74.8% but less than 80% of SWP in juvenile abalone diets.
Inference of domestication history and differentiation between early‐ and late‐flowering varieties in pearl millet
Authors: Dussert Y. , Snirc A. , Robert T. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a staple crop in Sahelian Africa. Farmers usually grow varieties with different cycle lengths and complementary functions in Sahelian agrosystems. Both the level of genetic differentiation of these varieties and the domestication history of pearl millet have been poorly studied. We investigated the neutral genetic diversity and population genetic structure of early‐ and late‐flowering domesticated and wild pearl millet populations using 18 microsatellite loci and 8 nucleotide sequences. Strikingly, early‐ and late‐flowering domesticated varieties were not differentiated over their whole distribution area, despite a clear difference in their isolation‐by‐distance pattern. Conversely, our data brought evidence for two well‐differentiated genetic pools in wild pearl millet, allowing us to test scenarios with different numbers and origins of domestication using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). The ABC analysis showed the likely existence of asymmetric migration between wild and domesticated populations. The model choice procedure indicated that a single domestication from the eastern wild populations was the more likely scenario to explain the polymorphism patterns observed in cultivated pearl millet.
Robust and Fragile Aspects of Cortical Blood Flow in Relation to the Underlying Angioarchitecture
Authors: Shih Andy Y. , Rühlmann Charlotta , Blinder Pablo , Devor Anna , Drew Patrick J. , Friedman Beth , Knutsen Per M. , Lyden Patrick D. , Matéo Céline , Mellander Lisa , Nishimura Nozomi , Schaffer Chris B. , Tsai Philbert S. , Kleinfeld David 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe review the organizational principles of the cortical vasculature and the underlying patterns of blood flow under normal conditions and in response to occlusion of single vessels. The cortex is sourced by a two‐dimensional network of pial arterioles that feeds a three‐dimensional network of subsurface microvessels in close proximity to neurons and glia. Blood flow within the surface and subsurface networks is largely insensitive to occlusion of a single vessel within either network. However, the penetrating arterioles that connect the pial network to the subsurface network are bottlenecks to flow; occlusion of even a single penetrating arteriole results in the death of a 500 μm diameter cylinder of cortical tissue despite the potential for collateral flow through microvessels. This pattern of flow is consistent with that calculated from a full reconstruction of the angioarchitecture. Conceptually, collateral flow is insufficient to compensate for the occlusion of a penetrating arteriole because penetrating venules act as shunts of blood that flows through collaterals. Future directions that stem from the analysis of the angioarchitecture concern cellular‐level issues, in particular the regulation of blood flow within the subsurface microvascular network, and system‐level issues, in particular the role of penetrating arteriole occlusions in human cognitive impairment.
Reproducibility of Cutaneous Vascular Conductance Responses to Slow Local Heating Assessed Using seven‐Laser Array Probes
Authors: Dawson Ellen A. , Low David A. , Meeuwis Iris H.M. , Kerstens Floor G. , Atkinson Ceri L. , Cable Nigel Timothy , Green Daniel J. , Thijssen Dick H.J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveGradual local heating of the skin induces a largely NO‐mediated vasodilatation. However, use of this assessment of microvascular health is limited because little is known about its reproducibility.MethodsHealthy volunteers (n = 9) reported twice to the laboratory. CVC, derived from laser Doppler flux and mean arterial pressure, was examined in response to a standardized local heating protocol (0.5°C per 150 second from 33°C to 42°C, followed by 20 minutes at 44°C). Skin responses were examined at two locations on the forearm (between‐site). Heating was repeated after a break of 24–72 hours (between‐day). Reproducibility of skin responses at 33–42°C is presented for absolute CVC and relative CVC responses corrected for maximal CVC at 44°C (%CVCmax).ResultsBetween‐day reproducibility of baseline CVC and %CVCmax for both sites was relatively poor (22–30%). At 42°C, CVC and %CVCmax responses showed less variation (9–19%), whilst absolute CVC responses at 44°C were 14–17%. Between‐day variation for %CVCmax increased when using data from site 1 on day 1, but site 2 on the subsequent day (25%).ConclusionDay‐to‐day reproducibility of baseline laser Doppler‐derived skin perfusion responses is poor, but acceptable when absolute and relative skin perfusion to a local gradual heating protocol is utilized and site‐to‐site variation is minimized.
VIII. ATTACHMENT AND SLEEP AMONG TODDLERS: DISENTANGLING ATTACHMENT SECURITY AND DEPENDENCY
Authors: Bélanger Marie‐Ève , Bernier Annie , Simard Valérie , Bordeleau Stéphanie , Carrier Julie 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTMany scholars have proposed that parent‐child attachment security should favor child sleep. Research has yet, however, to provide convincing support for this hypothesis. The current study used objective measures of sleep and attachment to assess the longitudinal links between mother‐child attachment security and subsequent sleep, controlling for child dependency. Sixty‐two middle‐class families (30 girls) were met twice, when children were 15 months (Wave 1; W1) and 2 years of age (Wave 2; W2). At W1, mother‐child attachment was assessed with the observer version of the Attachment Q‐Sort. At W2, children wore an actigraph monitor for 72 hr. Results indicated that children more securely attached to their mothers subsequently slept more at night and had higher sleep efficiency, and these predictions were not confounded by child dependency. These findings suggest a unique role for secure attachment relationships in the development of young children's sleep regulation, while addressing methodological issues that have long precluded consensus in this literature.
XI. SLEEP AND DEVELOPMENT: CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Authors: Sadeh Avi , El‐Sheikh Mona 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTLiterature on sleep and child development is growing in novel directions across several disciplines necessitating guiding conceptual principles and methodological tools. First, this volume presents a summary of discussions from an SRCD‐sponsored multidisciplinary forum on sleep and development, which includes presentation of key issues and guiding recommendations for research priorities in this fast developing field. Second, enhancing accessibility to child development researchers, state of the science sleep assessment methodologies are presented with a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages. Third, seven empirical studies conducted with “typically” developing infants and children provide examples of relations between sleep and some of the many individual and familial factors that influence and are influenced by sleep. In the presentation of empirical findings, a developmental ecological systems perspective adapted to sleep was espoused to illustrate some of the multiple levels of influence in the study of child sleep and development. Collectively, studies in this volume build significantly on the literature through: (a) illustrating linkages between various sleep parameters (e.g., quality, sleeping arrangements) and other key developmental domains (e.g., attachment, parenting); (b) demonstration of longitudinal relations connecting sleep with development, which is scarce in this field; and (c) utilization of actigraphy‐based assessments of sleep duration and quality, which are underutilized in the literature yet important for a more nuanced understanding of sleep and development.
ON SLEEP AND DEVELOPMENT: RECENT ADVANCES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Authors: Lukowski Angela F. , Bell Martha Ann 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe authors of the monograph discuss conceptual and methodological issues in the study of sleep‐behavior associations, report on the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques for assessing sleep in infants and children, and suggest the importance of examining sleep‐behavior relations across multiple disciplines of influence. The primary focus of this commentary is to highlight how these new perspectives contribute to our emerging understanding of sleep‐behavior relations in infancy and childhood, as well as to propose further challenges and avenues for future research.
Reversible cerebellar syndrome induced by hypomagnesemia
Authors: Santos Ana Filipa , Sousa Filipa , Rodrigues Margarida , Ferreira Carla , Soares‐Fernandes João , Maré Ricardo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMagnesium is the second most abundant intracellular cation, and is involved in a multitude of cellular enzymatic reactions that are essential for life. Hypomagnesemia has been associated with various neurological symptoms. We report an intriguing case of a 68‐year‐old woman with hypomagnesemia and cerebellar syndrome associated with a transient lesion of the cerebellar vermis selectively involving the nodulus. Immediate replacement of magnesium determined the reversibility of the clinical picture.
Novel risk score of contrast‐induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Ji Ling , Su XiaoFeng , Qin Wei , Mi XuHua , Liu Fei , Tang XiaoHong , Li Zi , Yang LiChuan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimContrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) post‐percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a major cause of acute kidney injury. In this study, we established a comprehensive risk score model to assess risk of CIN after PCI procedure, which could be easily used in a clinical environment.MethodsA total of 805 PCI patients, divided into analysis cohort (70%) and validation cohort (30%), were enrolled retrospectively in this study. Risk factors for CIN were identified using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression in the analysis cohort. Risk score model was developed based on multiple regression coefficients. Sensitivity and specificity of the new risk score system was validated in the validation cohort. Comparisons between the new risk score model and previous reported models were applied.ResultsThe incidence of post‐PCI CIN in the analysis cohort (n = 565) was 12%. Considerably high CIN incidence (50%) was observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Age >75, body mass index (BMI) >25, myoglobin level, cardiac function level, hypoalbuminaemia, history of chronic kidney disease (CKD), Intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) were identified as independent risk factors of post‐PCI CIN. A novel risk score model was established using multivariate regression coefficients, which showed highest sensitivity and specificity (0.917, 95%CI 0.877–0.957) compared with previous models.ConclusionA new post‐PCI CIN risk score model was developed based on a retrospective study of 805 patients. Application of this model might be helpful to predict CIN in patients undergoing PCI procedure.
ANALYSIS OF SENSITIVITY AND UNCERTAINTY IN AN INDIVIDUAL‐BASED MODEL OF A THREATENED WILDLIFE SPECIES
Authors: MARCOT BRUCE G. , SINGLETON PETER H. , SCHUMAKER NATHAN H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSensitivity analysis—determination of how prediction variables affect response variables—of individual‐based models (IBMs) are few but important to the interpretation of model output. We present sensitivity analysis of a spatially explicit IBM (HexSim) of a threatened species, the Northern Spotted Owl (NSO; Strix occidentalis caurina) in Washington, USA. We explored sensitivity to HexSim variables representing habitat quality, movement, dispersal, and model architecture; previous NSO studies have well established sensitivity of model output to vital rate variation. We developed “normative” (expected) model settings from field studies, and then varied the values of ≥ 1 input parameter at a time by ±10% and ±50% of their normative values to determine influence on response variables of population size and trend. We determined time to population equilibration and dynamics of populations above and below carrying capacity. Recovery time from small population size to carrying capacity greatly exceeded decay time from an overpopulated condition, suggesting lag time required to repopulate newly available habitat. Response variables were most sensitive to input parameters of habitat quality which are well‐studied for this species and controllable by management. HexSim thus seems useful for evaluating potential NSO population responses to landscape patterns for which good empirical information is available.