bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The comparative study of the empirical and DFT theoretical properties of ZnSnO3 perovskite nanoparticles
Authors: Jafar Aqel Mashot , Hmood Amar Moula , Khalaph Kawther A. , Abdalameer Nisreen Kh. , Ahmed Zaineb Noori 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The composites of zinc tin oxide (ZTO) are lead-free materials, categorized as piezoelectric nanoparticles, and have a variety of multifunctional applications. These materials exhibit a lot of potential for a range of uses. Therefore, to prepare the aqueous solutions of ZnSnO3 and Zn2SnO4 and investigate the experimental structural and optical properties of ZTO materials, this work employed two different chemical reaction paths. ZTO materials are created via a straightforward chemical reaction process in which chemical route (I) combines tetravalent tin chloride with divalent zinc chloride. ZTO materials are generated via the employment of divalent zinc chloride and divalent tin chloride in chemical route II. The structural characteristics and composition of the material were investigated using XRD analysis. The materials were discovered to have hexagonal perovskites and a cubic structure. Furthermore, examining the optical characteristics led to estimating the optical energy gap values (Eg = 3.6 and 3.9) eV for the hexagonal and cubic perovskite structures, respectively. The paper also compares experimental results with theoretical findings obtained with the Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP) software’s Density Function Theory (DFT) approximation. Theoretical and empirical results were closely analyzed and contrasted.
Critical collapse of massless scalar fields in asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime*
Authors: Xin 辛 Li-Jie 李杰 , Shao 邵 Cheng-Gang 成刚 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We conduct numerical investigations on the critical collapse of spherically symmetric massless scalar fields in asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime. Our primary focus is on the behavior of the critical amplitude under various initial configurations of the scalar field. Through our numerical results, we obtain a formula that determines critical amplitude

in terms of cosmological constant Λ:

, where σ denotes the initial width of the scalar field and

is the initial position of the scalar field. Notably, we highlight that the slope of this linear relationship depends on the initial configuration of the scalar field.
First experiments on RF plasma production at relatively low magnetic fields in the LHD
Authors: Kovtun Yu.V. , Kamio S. , Moiseenko V.E. , Kasahara H. , Seki T. , Saito K. , Seki R. , Masuzaki S. , Brezinsek S. , Dinklage A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The results of the first experimental series to produce a plasma using the radio frequency discharge (RF) above the ion cyclotron frequency at relatively low magnetic fields (0.5–0.6 T) in the Large Helical Device (LHD) are presented 1.43 MW of RF power produced target plasma with density up to 6 × 1018 m−3 to deuterium. Tangential NBI application into such a plasma increases plasma parameters. Electron temperatures up to ≈0.9 keV and densities up to ≈2.4 × 1019 m−3 had been achieved, and the maximum value of <β
dia> was 2.6%. These experiments open possibilities for new regimes of LHD operation which are also interested to W7-X.
Corrosion behavior of Q345 and Q235 steels in simulated neutral soil solution
Authors: Shi Jiawen , Li Shasha , Lu Yufeng , Wu Hongjian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Q345 and Q235 steels are widely used in infrastructure and manufacturing. Examining the corrosion behavior of two types of steel in a neutral soil environment can facilitate the assessment of the service life of the steel machinery, thereby mitigating potential corrosion failures. In order to investigate the corrosion and mechanism of Q345 and Q235 steels in the neutral soil solution, an electrochemical test, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction were employed to analyze the corrosion morphology, corrosion product, and electrochemical polarization curves. The results showed that no visible pitting pits were observed on the surfaces of Q345 steel and Q235 steel. The corrosion types were mainly overall corrosion in the simulated neutral soil solution. The microstructure of Q235’s corrosion product exhibits greater compactness, facilitating the formation of Fe3O4. This compound demonstrates excellent binding ability with the metal matrix and hinders the continuous corrosion of the steel. Q235 steel has better corrosion resistance with a lower corrosion rate than Q345 steel in the simulated neutral soil solution. These findings contribute valuable information for material selection considerations in manufacturing machinery in neutral soil environments.
Study on the damage characteristics of single-crystal silicon ablated by 355 nm UV picosecond laser
Authors: Shen Renfeng , Li Yueyang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The experimental investigation on picosecond laser ablation of single-crystal silicon is presented in this paper. An ultraviolet (UV) picosecond laser with a wavelength of 355 nm and a pulse width of 10 ps was employed to create single-pulse ablation craters on the surface of single-crystal silicon. The influence of laser power variation on the morphology of single-pulse ablation was analyzed. The diameter of the ablation craters was measured and statistically analyzed. Based on the results, the picosecond laser spot diameter was calculated to be 7.65 μm, and the ablation threshold of single-crystal silicon in this experiment was determined to be 0.212 J/cm2.
Analysis of carbon shell of billets with high casting speed
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Wang Xianghong , Gui Zhonglin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The increasing casting speed of billets is beneficial for improving single-machine production efficiency, reducing refractory material consumption, and achieving energy conservation and consumption reduction. However, as the casting speed increases, the probability of steel leakage also increases. An analysis of the thickness of the billet shell under high casting speed allows us to analyze the reasons for steel leakage and propose targeted solutions. This article analyzes the steel leakage billet shell of grade 40 steel and concludes that the thickness of the billet shell is between 8-20 mm at the upper of the mold, and only 5-10 mm at the lower of the mold. At the beginning of its formation, the shell of the cast billet is not uniform, with a maximum difference of up to 8 mm. As the casting progresses, the shell of the billet actually becomes thinner. At a distance of 100-200 mm from the mold, the maximum air gap between the billet shell and the copper tube reaches about 5.5 mm. The air gap reduces the uniformity of heat transfer, resulting in an uneven billet shell. After the liquid steel is injected into the shell, it will cause remelting of the solidification shell, resulting in thinning of the casting shell and causing steel leakage at the outlet of the mold.
Land surface processes response to warming and wetting trend in Northwest China
Authors: Ma Xin , Wang Aihui , Sun Jianqi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The climate in Northwest China (NWC) has undergone a warming and wetting trend (WWT) since the 1980s, which has attracted considerable attention from the scientific and policy communities. However, the majority of previous studies have focused on overall effects of WWT, and very few have examined how land surface system responds to climate warming or wetting trend, respectively. For this purpose, this study uses the Community Land Model (CLM5) driven by the Chinese Meteorological Forcing Dataset (CMFD) to conduct four modeling experiments: a control experiment (CTRL) and three sensitivity experiments, in which the annual trend of air temperature (NonWarm), precipitation (NonWet), and both (NonWWT) are removed from the CMFD from 1979 to 2018. Compared to CTRL, the land hydrological variables (i.e. soil moisture, runoff and evapotranspiration) show a visible reduction in magnitude, interannual variability, as well as annual trend in NonWet, while they are enhanced in NonWarm. In both NonWarm and NonWet, the magnitude and trend of both net radiation and sensible heat fluxes increase, with a more pronounced change in NonWWT. Further analysis indicates that the land surface processes are more sensitive to wetting trend than to warming trend. Among all land surface hydrological variables and energy variables, runoff and snow cover fraction are the most susceptible to climate change. Overall, the effects of climate change in Ta and Pr on surface hydrological variables are non-linearly offsetting, while the effects on surface energy budgets are non-linearly superimposed. Compared to warming trend, wetting trend plays a larger impact on the variability of land surface processes in NWC.
Non-van der Waals MCrS2 nanosheets with tunable two-dimensional ferromagnetism
Authors: Luo Na , Ma Hao , Zhang Tao , Wu Jiajing , Chen Zheng-Jie , Xu Minwei , Sun Yuanmiao , Peng Jing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Designing two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic materials with high Curie temperature is urgent for the development of spintronic technology. The exploration of non-van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic nanosheets play a vital role in enriching the 2D ferromagnetic materials family on account of the scarcity of vdW materials in nature. Herein, we report a non-vdW AgCrS2 material with antiferro-to-ferro-magnetism transition when it thinned down to monolayer. Based on it, a universal ion-exchange strategy was employed to replace Ag+ by the M (M = Li+, Na+, K+) cations, acquiring a series of 2D non-vdW M
x
Ag0.5−x
CrS2 materials with tunable ferromagnetism. The Curie temperature is higher than the AgCrS2 nanosheet, and reaches up to 160 K when M is K+. The theoretical calculations verify the ferromagnetism of AgCrS2 and M
x
Ag0.5−x
CrS2 nanosheet originated from CrS2 layer. The disorderly arranged M and Ag ions increase the asymmetry of the lattice structure of M
x
Ag0.5−x
CrS2, thereby strengthening the interlayer ferromagnetic coupling and raising the Curie temperature of the nanosheets. This work provides ideas for discovering more 2D ferromagnetic materials with high Curie temperature.
Application of three-dimensional MHD equilibrium calculation coupled with plasma response to island divertor experiments on J-TEXT
Authors: XIE 谢 Wei 伟 , LIANG 梁 Yunfeng 云峰 , JIANG 江 Zhonghe 中和 , SUZUKI Yasuhiro , LI 李 Li 莉 , HUA 华 Jiankun 建坤 , HUANG 黄 Jie 杰 , KNIEPS Alexander , ZHOU 周 Song 松 , MAO 毛 Feiyue 飞越 , XU 徐 Xin 鑫 , LI 黎 Keze 可泽 , YANG 杨 Yutong 雨桐 , JIN 金 Ziyang 子阳 , LI 李 Cunkai 存凯 , Team the J-TEXT 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) equilibrium calculations, including the plasma rotation shielding effect to resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) produced by the island divertor (ID) coils, were carried out using the HINT and MARS-F codes on J-TEXT. Validation of 3D equilibrium calculations with experimental observations demonstrates that the shielding effect will prevent the penetration of the edge m/n = 3/1 mode component when the ID coil current is 4 kA, while change the size of magnetic islands once the current exceeds the penetration threshold. This indicates that equilibrium calculations including the plasma rotation shielding effect to RMPs can lead to better agreements with experimental observations compared to the vacuum approximation method. Additionally, the magnetic topology at the boundary undergoes changes, impacting the interaction between the plasma and the target plate. These results may be important in understanding RMP effects on edge transport and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability control, as well as divertor heat and particle flux distribution control.
The use of orthogonal analytical approaches to profile lipid nanoparticle physicochemical attributes
Authors: Davidson Callum G , Abdulrahman Rand , Punnabhum Panida , Cairns Michael , Rattray Nicholas J W , Capomaccio Robin , Treacher Kevin , Perrie Yvonne , Rattray Zahra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have become a major disruptor within the drug delivery field of complex RNA molecules. The wide applicability of prototype nanomedicines has the potential to fill clinical requirements for use against current untreatable diseases. The uptake and implementation of analytical technologies to evaluate these prototype nanomedicines have not experienced similar growth rates, thus hindering the translation of LNPs. Here, we evaluate a model RNA-LNP formulation with a selection of routine and high-resolution orthogonal analytical techniques across studies on the manufacturing process parameter impact and formulation stability evaluation under refrigerated and ultra-low temperatures. We analysed a model cationic RNA-complexed LNP formulation via the process impact on formulation critical quality attributes, short-term refrigerated stability evaluation and frozen-storage stability using zetasizer dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis. We also evaluated freeze-/thaw-induced stress on LNP formulation using high-resolution field-flow fractionation. Statistical analysis and correlations between techniques were conducted to further enhance our understanding of LNP formulation design and its physicochemical attributes to facilitate LNP formulation clinical translation.
Highly reflective and high-Q thin resonant subwavelength gratings
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Mitra Trishala , Madsen Søren P , Dantan Aurélien 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We theoretically investigate the design of thin subwavelength gratings possessing high-reflectivity and high-Q resonances when illuminated at normal incidence by a Gaussian beam. We compare the performances of single-period and dual-period rectangular gratings using finite element method-based optimization and predict a close to two orders of magnitude improvement (×90) in their transmission loss-linewidth product, which is the relevant figure of merit for e.g. resonant mirror-based microcavity applications.
Angular excitation of exceptional points and pseudospetra of photonic lattices
Authors: Komis Ioannis , Makris Konstantinos G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Optical parity-time (

PT

) symmetry has triggered a plethora of theoretical and experimental studies, and as a result non-Hermitian photonics is one of the frontiers of optics today. From unidirectional invisibility and coherent perfect absorbers to wireless power transfer and ultrasensitive sensors, non-hermiticity led to numerous important applications that rely on gain-loss synthetic structures. In particular, one such structure is that of complex photonic lattices that may exhibit exceptional points (EPs) around which the corresponding sensitivity is increased by orders of magnitude. Here, we investigate a new multiparametric family of non-Hermitian lattices that respects

PT

-symmetry, and examine their spectral sensitivity in terms of pseudospectra, as well, the angular excitation of the underlying EPs.
Assessing performance variability in a dual-fuel diesel engine using diesel and biogas: an experimental study across different compression ratios
Authors: Mali Sanjay D , Shah Pinkesh R , Shah Divyang R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The increasing concerns about energy security and environmental sustainability have intensified the search for alternative fuels. This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a dual-fuel diesel engine utilizing purified biogas and diesel across various compression ratios. A single-cylinder, direct-injection, water-cooled, variable compression ratio diesel engine was adapted to operate in dual-fuel mode, running experiments at compression ratios of 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 with a constant injection timing of 23° before top dead center under different load conditions. The study reveals a peak brake thermal efficiency of 33.25% at a compression ratio of 20, demonstrating the potential of biogas as a viable alternative fuel. Notably, while carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions decreased with higher compression ratios, nitrogen oxide emissions increased, highlighting a trade-off in emission characteristics. This work contributes to the understanding of biogas utilization in diesel engines, offering insights into optimizing engine performance and emissions through compression ratio adjustments. The findings can inform future developments in sustainable energy solutions.
Occurrence of the collective Ziman limit of heat transport in cubic semiconductors Si, Ge, AlAs and AlP: scattering channels and size effects
Authors: Sjakste Jelena , Markov Maxime , Sen Raja , Fugallo Giorgia , Paulatto Lorenzo , Vast Nathalie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this work, we discuss the possibility of reaching the Ziman conditions for collective heat transport in cubic bulk semiconductors, such as Si, Ge, AlAs and AlP. In natural and enriched silicon and germanium, the collective heat transport limit is impossible to reach due to strong isotopic scattering. However, we show that in hyper-enriched silicon and germanium, as well as in materials with one single stable isotope like AlAs and AlP, at low temperatures, normal scattering plays an important role, making the observation of the collective heat transport possible. We further discuss the effects of sample sizes, and analyse our results for cubic materials by comparing them to bulk bismuth, in which second sound has been detected at cryogenic temperatures. We find that collective heat transport in cubic semiconductors studied in this work is expected to occur at temperatures between 10 and 20 K.
The Rediscovery of the Battlefield in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Atherton Ian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the 1720s and 1730s a new series of battlefield monuments began to be erected on past battlefields such as Lansdown (1643), the Boyne (1690), and even on the presumed site of the ancient Alleluia Victory (429). The chapter argues that these were the product of a new antiquarian interest in the past, and focused less on remembering the dead, and more on proclaiming the benefits of (often Protestant) liberty and ideas of the British as an ever-free nation. By the end of the eighteenth century it was commonplace for landowners to erect monuments to past battles on their estates, with examples including the Duke of Northumberland’s commemoration of Alnwick (1093) and Otterburn (1388), as well as monuments at Naseby (1645) and Bosworth (1485), harnessing histories to family lineage and aggrandisement.
Introduction
Authors: Swanton Christine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This book links together an account of love with virtue ethics. The overall moral theoretic framework presupposed is a form of virtue ethics; specifically target centred virtue ethics. It is a form of virtue ethics because the thick virtue concepts are deemed central to ethics and notions of rightness and excellence are understood in terms of virtuousness (whether of action, motive, or character). It is a form of target centred virtue ethics because what makes actions right, feelings appropriate, and traits of character virtues, is understood through the notion of the targets of the virtues. The targets of virtue are their aims, goals, or point and function in a life well lived. The modern development of virtue ethics as a moral theory has gone through several phases. I identify five, of which the most significant is the first, the wrenching away of ethics from what Williams called ‘morality that peculiar institution’ to the prioritizing of the thick concepts. In this work I contribute to the latest phase, a phase where one presupposes a type of virtue ethics (in my case the target centred virtue ethics already developed) and giving that view some normative content (an account of the place of love in virtue).
Love
Authors: Swanton Christine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on basic characteristics of relational love—love between a lover and a beloved. Relational love is our usual notion of love but there is another aspect of love, what I call ‘lovingness’ (Chapter 2). The analysis of love will have the following broad theoretical features: The notion of love has multiple criteria of application such that love can be understood not merely as susceptible to rival conceptions but to rival concepts. These criteria of application are combinatorially vague. Love is an essentially contested concept. Love is a prototype concept. The relative importance of the various criteria of love is exhibited by investigating the varying roles they play in the multifarious virtues where love in some form is salient. No one criterion of love is deemed to be more important than another in all contexts and all forms of love.
Beneficence and Caring
Authors: Swanton Christine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter is tasked with understanding how forms of impartial and universal love can be virtues and what makes them virtues. For this task I am much indebted to Kant. Here I am focused on beneficence and caring. The chapter begins by explicating Kant’s notion of beneficence as a duty of virtue of (universal) love. It considers problems of combining universality and particularity as features of the duty and shows how these features are compatible with virtue. Several problems are considered including just what kind of ‘coming close’ (the moral force of love) is demanded by beneficence, and the relation between beneficence as a universal virtue of love and obligation and permission. We turn then to the controversial idea of caring as an Aristotelian virtue of love before considering the virtues of the one-caring and the cared-for.
Review of the Komarovieae (Apiaceae) with inclusion of monotypic Afghan genus Mastigosciadium and description of a new genus from Northern Balochistan, Pakistan
Authors: Sultan Amir , Khan Nazar , Kljuykov Eugene , Khan Amjad , Samigullin Tahir , Lyskov Dmitry 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The tribe Komarovieae (Apiaceae) comprises 13 species distributed in Central Asia, Northeastern Iran, Afghanistan, India, Nepal, and southwest, central, and eastern China. The clade includes eight genera (six of them are monotypic), which bear a lot of apomorphic features and have very few common characters. Our morphological and molecular studies have shown that enigmatic Afghan monotypic genus Mastigosciadium is also a part of Komarovieae, despite critical morphological uniqueness even to this group. In addition, a new genus and species, endemic to Zhob district of Pakistan is described and illustrated. The new taxon is recognized by molecular phylogenetic analysis of nrITS and rps16 as a part of Komarovieae. Common morphological features for the species of Komarovieae are provided. After review, the clade comprises 10 genera and 15 species.