bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regression and alignment for functional data and network topology
Authors: Tu Danni , Wrobel Julia , Satterthwaite Theodore D , Goldsmith Jeff , Gur Ruben C , Gur Raquel E , Gertheiss Jan , Bassett Dani S , Shinohara Russell T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the brain, functional connections form a network whose topological organization can be described by graph-theoretic network diagnostics. These include characterizations of the community structure, such as modularity and participation coefficient, which have been shown to change over the course of childhood and adolescence. To investigate if such changes in the functional network are associated with changes in cognitive performance during development, network studies often rely on an arbitrary choice of preprocessing parameters, in particular the proportional threshold of network edges. Because the choice of parameter can impact the value of the network diagnostic, and therefore downstream conclusions, we propose to circumvent that choice by conceptualizing the network diagnostic as a function of the parameter. As opposed to a single value, a network diagnostic curve describes the connectome topology at multiple scales—from the sparsest group of the strongest edges to the entire edge set. To relate these curves to executive function and other covariates, we use scalar-on-function regression, which is more flexible than previous functional data-based models used in network neuroscience. We then consider how systematic differences between networks can manifest in misalignment of diagnostic curves, and consequently propose a supervised curve alignment method that incorporates auxiliary information from other variables. Our algorithm performs both functional regression and alignment via an iterative, penalized, and nonlinear likelihood optimization. The illustrated method has the potential to improve the interpretability and generalizability of neuroscience studies where the goal is to study heterogeneity among a mixture of function- and scalar-valued measures.
Automated estimation of thoracic rotation in chest X-ray radiographs: a deep learning approach for enhanced technical assessment
Authors: Sun Jiuai , Hou Pengfei , Li Kai , Wei Ling , Zhao Ruifeng , Wu Zhonghang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to develop an automated approach for estimating the vertical rotation of the thorax, which can be used to assess the technical adequacy of chest X-ray radiographs (CXRs).

Methods
Total 800 chest radiographs were used to train and establish segmentation networks for outlining the lungs and spine regions in chest X-ray images. By measuring the widths of the left and right lungs between the central line of segmented spine and the lateral sides of the segmented lungs, the quantification of thoracic vertical rotation was achieved. Additionally, a life-size, full body anthropomorphic phantom was employed to collect chest radiographic images under various specified rotation angles for assessing the accuracy of the proposed approach.

Results
The deep learning networks effectively segmented the anatomical structures of the lungs and spine. The proposed approach demonstrated a mean estimation error of less than 2° for thoracic rotation, surpassing existing techniques and indicating its superiority.

Conclusions
The proposed approach offers a robust assessment of thoracic rotation and presents new possibilities for automated image quality control in chest X-ray examinations.

Advances in knowledge
This study presents a novel deep-learning-based approach for the automated estimation of vertical thoracic rotation in chest X-ray radiographs. The proposed method enables a quantitative assessment of the technical adequacy of CXR examinations and opens up new possibilities for automated screening and quality control of radiographs.
Simple closed-form estimation of a binary latent variable model
Authors: Hu Yingyao , Li Jingrong , Shiu Ji-Liang , Shum Matthew 
Published: August 2024

Summary
This paper develops a closed-form non-parametric estimator of the conditional distribution function for a binary outcome variable given an unobserved latent variable. This type of function is commonly used in models that involve measurement error and dynamic models with agent-specific unobserved heterogeneity. This paper presents a consistent extremum sieve estimator with the following advantages: (i) it has a closed-form expression for all the sieve coefficients, (ii) it is computationally straightforward, equivalent to computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices without the use of iterative optimization algorithms. While as flexible as the sieve maximum likelihood estimator previously proposed for this model, our estimator proves computationally simpler. The finite sample properties of the estimator are investigated through a Monte Carlo study, and the developed estimator is applied to a probit model to assess the targeting performance of a social welfare program.
Case report of an ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction-like presentation of an immune checkpoint (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitor-associated myocarditis
Authors: Declercq Astrid , Verstraete Stefan , Vanwalleghem Lieve , Trenson Sander 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
ICI-associated myocarditis is a rare but severe and potentially life-threatening complication that typically manifests shortly after treatment initiation. It may present in many different ways, ranging from fulminant to non-fulminant, even including clinical and electrocardiographic findings mimicking ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI).

Case summary
A 72-year-old woman with a history of non-small cell lung carcinoma presented at the emergency department with symptoms of general asthenia and chest pain, following recent ICI-therapy initiation. Electrocardiogram showed ST elevation in the lateral leads and led to prompt admission for urgent invasive coronary angiography, which ruled out significant coronary artery disease. Urgent cardiac magnetic resonance had to be aborted due to claustrophobia. Endomyocardial biopsy—performed the day after urgent hospital admission and before starting high-dose corticosteroids—confirmed acute ICI-associated myocarditis. On the sixth day of hospitalization, the patient developed transient complete heart block and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, necessitating temporary transjugular pacemaker insertion. Cellcept (mycophenolate mofetil) was associated due to rising troponin levels. Following a three-week hospital stay, the patient was discharged with a regimen of gradually tapering steroids and continued Cellcept therapy. Two months post-discharge, the patient was readmitted due to severe pneumonia, ultimately resulting in the patient’s demise.

Discussion
We present the case of a fulminant ICI-associated myocarditis. The case illustrates the diagnostic workup and treatment strategies of an (in the end) fatal adverse event from the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Coxiella burnetii protein CBU2016 supports CCV expansion
Authors: Thomas David R , Garnish Sarah E , Khoo Chen Ai , Padmanabhan Bhavna , Scott Nichollas E , Newton Hayley J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is a globally distributed obligate intracellular pathogen. Although often asymptomatic, infections can cause acute Q fever with influenza-like symptoms and/or severe chronic Q fever. Coxiella burnetii develops a unique replicative niche within host cells called the Coxiella-containing vacuole (CCV), facilitated by the Dot/Icm type IV secretion system translocating a cohort of bacterial effector proteins into the host. The role of some effectors has been elucidated; however, the actions of the majority remain enigmatic and the list of true effectors is disputable. This study examined CBU2016, a unique C. burnetii protein previously designated as an effector with a role in infection. We were unable to validate CBU2016 as a translocated effector protein. Employing targeted knock-out and complemented strains, we found that the loss of CBU2016 did not cause a replication defect within Hela, THP-1, J774, or iBMDM cells or in axenic media, nor did it affect the pathogenicity of C. burnetii in the Galleria mellonella infection model. The absence of CBU2016 did, however, result in a consistent decrease in the size of CCVs in HeLa cells. These results suggest that although CBU2016 may not be a Dot/Icm effector, it is still able to influence the host environment during infection.
An interdisciplinary forensic approach in a mummified child with evidence of abuse and neglect
Authors: Moravanský Norbert , Masnicová Soňa , Švábová Petra , Kuruc Roman , Gális Branislav , Beňuš Radoslav 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Mummification of corpses with partial skeletonization is not an uncommon occurrence in daily forensic work. Cooperation between different forensic fields is important in these cases in terms of obtaining the most accurate and forensically relevant results, especially when child abuse and neglect is suspected. In Central Europe, up to 21% of children are exposed to physical and psychological harm, which is mostly perpetrated by family members. This report describes a case of subadult female mummified remains in which interdisciplinary forensic pathology, forensic anthropology, and entomology input was needed to obtain legally relevant results. Entomological analysis of the fly and beetle species present served primarily to estimate the postmortem interval. External examination confirmed advanced postmortem decomposition of the body. The anthropological findings based on radiographs and analysis of selected bones confirmed various antemortem fractures and post-traumatic changes involving the ribs, the distal portion of the humerus, the nasal bones, and the anterior portions of the maxilla and mandible. Furthermore, non-specific findings of growth arrest (Harris) lines in the distal metaphysis of the right tibia indicated growth retardation and, overall, child neglect. The autopsy findings confirmed subdural blood coagulum, part of which formed a clearly moulded plaster mass that had originally been attached to the cranial vault up to the internal lamina. The findings indicated a post-traumatic condition as the underlying cause of death in this child. Interdisciplinary forensic analyses confirmed that the child had been repeatedly exposed to violent assaults throughout her lifetime.

Key points
Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Reduction Health Coaching: Comparative Analysis
Authors: Zanjani Faika , Battle Brian , Richardson Joann 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Recent guidelines point to lifestyle as a tool for decreasing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. To address the limited practice and availability of AD risk reduction interventions, this study aimed to explore the feasibility of a community-level lifestyle intervention targeting high-risk groups.

Research Design and Methods
Diverse older adults (60+) living in the Richmond, VA, local area, with the following risk factors, incomes below $12,000/year and managing diabetes or cardiovascular disease, were offered weekly lifestyle telephone health coaching for 12 weeks in 2019–2020 (intervention group). The health coaching sessions provided Alzheimer’s disease (AD) lifestyle risk reduction education and goal setting/planning. The intervention sample (n = 40, mean age 68 years (range: 60–76 years), was 90% African American/Black (n = 36) and 45% male (n = 18). Thereafter, in 2021–2022, n = 37 individuals in the same area were recruited as a comparison group and not given health coaching (control group), mean age of 65.5 years (range: 57–83 years), 92% African American/Black (n = 34), and 50% male (n = 18).

Results
Repeated-measures intervention effects were seen for cognitive ability, indicating greater improvement in the intervention group (p &lt; .01). Significant difference scores indicated greater cognitive ability (p &lt; .01) and physical activity (p &lt; .001) gains in the intervention group, with intervention subjects with reported memory problems showed relatively less physical activity gains (p &lt; .05).

Discussion and Implications
This work creates the impetus for future large-scale AD risk reduction investigations to mitigate and improve modifiable risk among diverse older adults. Our positive trends in AD risk reduction support telephone-based health coaching as a feasible AD risk reduction intervention.
Testing a Context-Enriched Model of Successful Aging in Multiple Large Data Infrastructures With Individuals in Advanced Old Age
Authors: Kaspar Roman , Ehni Hans-Jörg , Schweda Mark , Wahl Hans-Werner 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Few people who are ages 80+ meet the criteria of successful aging (SA) proposed by Rowe and Kahn. Going beyond the individual-level conceptualization, we argue that SA always operates in multiple contexts and that context may become most critical in advanced old age. However, we are not aware of any previous study providing an empirical test of how contexts for SA unfold across persons 80 years and older, including those living in institutions.

Research Design and Methods
We estimated and compared prevalences of SA based on a classic versus context-enriched understanding of SA in multiple large surveys of older adults, that is, the D80+ study (N = 3.233) and the NRW80+ study (N [baseline] = 1.863). In addition to replication across independent samples, we investigated the stability of context-related SA across time.

Results
Prevalences of SA according to Rowe and Kahn were 9.1% in adults aged 80–84 and 0.7% in persons 90 years or older. However, prevalence rates for those with good contexts at their disposal even if not fulfilling Rowe and Kahn’s criteria were much higher across all age groups (80–84 years: 54.9%, 90 years and older: 44.4%). Greater 2-year stability was observed for contextual compared to individual criteria. Notably, positive effects of context on SA were stronger at onset compared to late fourth age.

Discussion and Implications
Our findings support a contextualized understanding of SA and inform policy that furthering SA in the fourth age requires the optimization of multiple contexts at the community level.
On Splitting Complete Manifolds via Infinity Harmonic Functions
Authors: Araújo Damião J , Magliaro Marco , Mari Luciano , Pessoa Leandro F 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we prove some splitting results for manifolds supporting a non-constant infinity harmonic function which has at most linear growth on one side. Manifolds with non-negative Ricci or sectional curvature are considered. In dimension $2$, we extend Savin’s theorem on Lipschitz infinity harmonic functions in the plane to every surface with non-negative sectional curvature.
Music Therapists’ Job Satisfaction and Related Factors: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Five European Countries and Israel
Authors: Kantor Jiri , Wiess Chava , Dassa Ayelet , Li Jiaoli , Gilboa Avi , Mercadal-Brotons Melissa , Frank-Bleckwedel Eva , Kaczynski Elisabeth , Roelcke Beate , Sabbatella Patricia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Studies on the job satisfaction of music therapists are needed for the growth of the profession and their findings may help to improve the well-being of practitioners. The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to explore the levels of satisfaction of music therapists with their profession and to identify the factors influencing their job satisfaction in several countries where this topic is under researched (Israel, Germany, Spain, Switzerland, Czech Republic, and Austria). Descriptive and inferential statistics of data obtained through an online survey of 439 practicing music therapists found the highest levels of job satisfaction were reported in Spain and the lowest levels were reported in Germany. We found significant correlations among job satisfaction, satisfaction with music therapy training, and satisfaction with the perceived status of the profession. Moreover, participants’ views on “what would need to change to improve their satisfaction” with their profession were divided into 3 categories (therapists-self, workplace, and country). Participants seemed to be highly satisfied with their profession, but less satisfied with interactions with other team members, and with the perceived status of the music therapy profession. There is an overarching need for all countries (including those where music therapy is legally established as a profession) to promote the profession inside and outside the practitioners’ work settings.
Deciphering the sex gap in global life expectancy: the impact of female-specific cancers 1990-2019
Authors: Trias-Llimós Sergi , Rentería Elisenda , Rutigliano Roberta , Aggarwal Ajay , Moodley Jennifer , Unger-Saldaña Karla , Soerjomataram Isabelle 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Females live longer than males, which results in a sex gap in life expectancy. This study examines the contribution of female cancers to this differential by world region and country over the period 1990-2019 with special focus to the 15-69 years age group.

Methods
Cause-specific mortality data for 30 cancers, including 4 female-specific cancers from 238 countries and territories, were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Using life table techniques and demographic decomposition analysis, we estimated the contribution of cancer deaths to the sex gap in life expectancy by age and calendar period.

Results
At ages 15-69 years, females had a higher life expectancy than males in 2019. Countries with the largest sex gaps or the largest female advantage in life expectancy were in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, Latin America, and Southern Africa. In contrast, countries with the smallest sex gaps were mainly located in Northern Africa, Northern America, and Northern Europe. The contribution of female-specific cancers to sex gaps in life expectancy were largely negative, ranging from -0.15 years in the Western Pacific to -0.26 years in the Eastern Mediterranean region, implying that the disproportionately higher premature cancer mortality among females contributed to a reduction in the female life expectancy advantage.

Conclusion
Female-specific cancers are important determinants of sex gaps in life expectancy. Their negative impact on life expectancy at working and reproductive age groups has far-reaching consequences for society. Increasing the availability and access to prevention, screening, timely diagnosis, and effective treatment can reduce this gap.
Mental health of social media influencers
Authors: Bray Isabelle , Lerigo-Sampson Moya , Morey Yvette , Williams Joanne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
There is a wide body of research on the effects of social media use on mental health, particularly focusing on young people. However, very little is known about the mental health of social media influencers (SMIs), who also tend to be quite young. This is of growing significance as more of our daily lives is conducted online, and in the context of poor population mental health globally, which declined further as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We therefore set out to review the mental health of SMIs and, in the absence of literature on SMIs, drew on other similar but more traditional occupational groups, such as the self-employed, to draw conclusions and identify directions for future research.
Social capital in academia: Measuring researchers’ collaboration habits versus preferences
Authors: Zuccala Alesia A , Jensen Maria S , Wærn Emilie K , Hertzum Morten 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Many studies concerning social capital in academia have used social network theory and social network analysis as an approach. Social network analysis focuses on a boundary set of actors in a network and what it reveals as an outcome of social capital. However, social capital is also a precursor or catalyst for cooperative work. Here, we investigate researchers’ perceptions of social capital based on the hypothesis that what academics do when they collaborate (as a habit), may not relate to what they actually prefer. We have piloted a questionnaire-survey to test this, focusing on the goal-seeking behavior of publishing new research. Data were collected from 1,092 academics, across 6 faculties at the University of Copenhagen: Health and Medical Science, Science, Social Sciences, Humanities, Law, and Theology. The survey of collaboration habits first revealed significant differences at the level of gender, academic position, years active in publishing, and faculty. Collaboration preferences, interpreted from social capital theory, were also measured according to three interrelated dimensions—i.e. cognitive, relational, and structural. Survey respondents tended to prefer the cognitive-relational aspects of collaboration (i.e. reciprocity and obligation; shared understandings), over certain structural determinants (i.e. linking to networks). Few habits and preferences correlated and did not correlate strongly. Amongst the researchers who indicated a preference for bridging networks (i.e. working with people who have different types of expertise), few confirmed this as a collaboration habit, particularly with experts from organizations outside academia (i.e. the business/public sector).
The relationships between the family impact and distress of the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic, parent insomnia, infant temperamental negative affectivity, and parent-reported infant sleep: a path analysis
Authors: Jiao Nana , Pituch Keenan A , Petrov Megan E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impact on infant sleep (IS) is understudied. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between family impact and distress from COVID-19 pandemic stressors, parental insomnia symptoms, infant temperamental negative affectivity, and parent-reported IS.

Methods
Parents from the Phoenix metropolitan area with a full-term healthy infant (&lt;1 year) were recruited from February 27, 2021, to August 7, 2021. A sample of 70 parents (baby age 5.5 ± 3.5 months; parental age: 31.7 ± 5.0 years) completed the COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Survey (CEFIS) Impact and Distress scales, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Infant Behavioral Questionnaire-Revised Negative Affectivity subscale (IBQ-R-NA), and the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire-Revised (BISQ-R). Based on the transactional model of IS, path analyses were conducted to identify the direct effect of CEFIS scores and the indirect effects of parental ISI and infant IBQ-R-NA scores on BISQ-R scores.

Results
The parent sample was predominantly female (94.3%), white (72.9%), and married or in a domestic partnership (98.6%). Although COVID-19 pandemic impact and distress were not directly related to parent-reported IS, pandemic distress was negatively related to parent-reported IS indirectly through infant negative affectivity, including BISQ-R total score (β = −0.14, 95% CI [−0.32, −0.01]) and IS subscale score (β = −0.12, 95% CI [−0.27, −0.01]).

Conclusions
Heightened COVID-19 pandemic family distress was related to poorer parent-reported IS through greater parent-reported infant negative affectivity, suggesting the importance of addressing family stress and emotional regulation during crises.