bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of action of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition in metabolic syndrome‐associated prostate alterations: An experimental study in the rabbit
Authors: Morelli Annamaria , Comeglio Paolo , Filippi Sandra , Sarchielli Erica , Vignozzi Linda , Maneschi Elena , Cellai Ilaria , Gacci Mauro , Lenzi Andrea , Vannelli Gabriella B. , Maggi Mario 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors improve benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)‐related lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), often associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study investigated the effects of PDE5 inhibition in the prostate of rabbits fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. HFD‐rabbits develop the most important features of human MetS (glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, increased abdominal adiposity, and hypertension), along with hypogonadism and LUT abnormalities (prostate and bladder inflammation/tissue remodeling).METHODSGene expression was evaluated by quantitative RT‐PCR. Prostate morphological changes and oxygenation were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.RESULTSHFD prostates showed increased PDE5 expression, suggesting a peculiar sensitivity of prostate to the action of PDE5 inhibitors during MetS. Accordingly, prostate PDE5 mRNA was negatively associated to plasma testosterone/estradiol ratio, whose reduction characterizes MetS, and positively with the expression in prostate of several genes exploring pathogenetic processes for BPH/LUTS, such as inflammation, leukocyte infiltration, and fibrosis/myofibroblast activation. Most of these genes was up‐regulated by HFD, and significantly reduced by PDE5 inhibition, through either chronic (12 weeks) or, at a lower extent, acute (1‐week) tadalafil dosing. Tadalafil was also able to reduce blood pressure and visceral fat in HFD rabbits, without changing any other MetS parameter. Interestingly, 1‐week tadalafil administration to HFD rabbits, significantly blunted prostate inflammation (increased CD45 immunopositivity), fibrosis (reduced muscle/fiber ratio) and hypo‐oxygenation, thus suggesting a potential curative effect of PDE5 inhibition on MetS‐related prostate alterations.CONCLUSIONSOur data provide the experimental evidences to support the multiple potentiality of PDE5 inhibitors as a useful therapeutic tool in LUTS. Prostate 73: 428–441, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mixed exciton–plasmon collective elementary excitations of the Bose–Einstein condensed two‐dimensional magnetoexcitons with motional dipole moments
Authors: Dumanov E. V. , Liberman M. A. , Moskalenko S. A. , Novikov B. V. , Rusu S. S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe collective elementary excitations of the two‐dimensional (2D) magnetoexcitons in the state of their Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) with nonzero wave vector k and inplane parallel oriented motional dipole moments are investigated in the Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov approximation (HFBA). The breaking of the gauge symmetry is achieved using the Bogoliubov theory of quasiaverages and the Keldysh–Kozlov–Kopaev (KKK) method. The starting Hamiltonian and the Green's functions are determined using the integral two‐particle operators instead of the single‐particle Fermi operators. The infinite chains of equations of motion for the multioperator four‐ and six‐particle Green‐s functions are truncated following the Zubarev method and introducing a small parameter of the perturbation theory related with the lowest Landau levels (LLLs) filling factor and with the phase‐space filling factor. The energy spectrum of the collective elementary excitations consists of the mixed exciton–plasmon energy braches, mixed exciton–plasmon quasienergy branches as well as the optical and acoustical plasmon energy branches. The exciton branches of the spectrum have gaps related with the negative values of the chemical potential and attractive interaction between the 2D megnetoexcitons with inplane, parallel oriented motional dipole moments. The slopes of the mixed exciton–plasmon branches are determined by the group velocities of the moving condensed excitons in the laboratory reference frame. The acoustical and optical plasmon energy branches are gapless. Their dependence on the small wave vectors accounted from the condensate wave vector k is linear and quadratic, respectively, with saturation in the range of high values of the wave vectors.
Preliminary study of a novel method for conveying corrected image volumes in surgical navigation
Authors: Simpson Amber L. , Dumpuri Prashanth , Ondrake Janet E. , Weis Jared A. , Jarnagin William R. , Miga Michael I. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundCommercial image‐guided surgery systems rely on the fundamental assumption that preoperative medical images represent the physical state of the patient in the operating room. The guidance display typically consists of a three‐dimensional (3D) model derived from medical images and three orthogonal views of the imaging data. A challenging question in image‐guided surgery is: what happens when the images used in the guidance display no longer correspond to the current geometric state of the anatomy and guidance information is still desirable?MethodsWe modify the conventional display with two techniques for incorporating a displacement field from a finite‐element model into the guidance display and present a preliminary study of the effect of our method on performance with a simple surgical task. The topic of this paper is methods for conveying the computational model solution, not the model itself. To address the integration of the computational model solution into the display, a novel method of applying the deformation to the tool tip was developed, which quickly corrects for deformation but also maintains the pristine nature of the preoperative images. We compare the proposed technique to an existing method that applies the deformation field to the image volume.ResultsA pilot study compared mean performance with our method of applying the deformation to the tool tip and the conventional technique. These methods were statistically similar with respect to accuracy of localization (p < 0.05) and amount of time (p < 0.05) required for localization of the target.ConclusionsThese results suggest that our new technique can be used in place of the computationally expensive task of deforming the image volume, without affecting the time or accuracy of the surgical task. Most notably, our work addresses the problem of incorporating deformation correction into the guidance display and offers a first step toward understanding its effect on surgical performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three-dimensional oblique water-entry problems at small deadrise angles
Authors: Moore M. R. , Howison S. D. , Ockendon J. R. , Oliver J. M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper extends Wagner theory for the ideal, incompressible normal impact of rigid bodies that are nearly parallel to the surface of a liquid half-space. The impactors considered are three-dimensional and have an oblique impact velocity. A formulation in terms of the displacement potential is used to reveal the relationship between the oblique and corresponding normal impact solutions. In the case of axisymmetric impactors, several geometries are considered in which singularities develop in the boundary of the effective wetted region. We present the corresponding pressure profiles and models for the splash sheets.
Practical utility and reliability of whole-room calorimetry in young children
Authors: Janssen Xanne , Cliff Dylan , Okely Anthony D. , Jones Rachel A. , Batterham Marijka , Ekelund Ulf , Brage Søren , Reilly John J. 
Published: September 2012

The use of whole-room calorimetry (WRC) in young children can increase our understanding of children's energy balance. However, studies using WRC in young children are rare due to concerns about its feasibility. To assess the feasibility of WRC in young children, forty children, aged 4–6 years, were asked to follow a graded activity protocol while in a WRC. In addition, six children participated in two additional resting protocols to examine the effect of diet-induced thermogenesis on resting energy expenditure (REE) measures and the reliability of REE measurement. Refusals to participate and data loss were quantified as measures of practical utility, and REE measured after an overnight fast and after a 90-min fast were compared. In addition, both were compared to predicted BMR values using the Schofield equation. Our results showed that thirty (78·9 %) participants had acceptable data for all intensities of the activity protocol. The REE values measured after a 90-min fast (5·07 (sd 1·04) MJ/d) and an overnight fast (4·73 (sd 0·61) MJ/d) were not significantly different from each other (P= 0·472). However, both REE after an overnight fast and a 90-min fast were significantly higher than predicted BMR (3·96 (sd 0·18) MJ/d) using the Schofield equation (P= 0·024 and 0·042, respectively). We conclude that, with a developmentally sensitive approach, WRC is feasible and can be standardised adequately even in 4- to 6-year-old children. In addition, the effect of a small standardised breakfast, approximately 90 min before REE measurements, is likely to be small.
Persistent neck disease after chemoradiation for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sanders J G , Smith K G , Jameson M B , de Groot C , White J 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to identify the incidence of residual viable neck disease in patients with mucosal squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aero-digestive tract, following primary chemoradiation at a tertiary centre.Study design:Retrospective review.Methods:Retrospective chart review of patients treated with primary chemoradiation for squamous cell carcinoma of the aero-digestive tract between August 2001 and August 2008. Neck status pre- and post-treatment was the primary focus.Results:Forty-two patients with node-positive disease prior to chemoradiation were included. Thirty-seven (88.1 per cent) achieved complete response to treatment: no patient in this group underwent neck dissection, five died due to recurrence at the primary site or distant metastasis, and none suffered neck recurrence. Five (11.9 per cent) patients achieved partial response to chemoradiation and underwent neck dissection; viable tumour was found in one patient.Conclusion:Our data support conservative management of the neck in patients with complete response to chemoradiation, and consolidation neck dissection in patients with partial response.
Comparative analysis ofShigella sonneibiotype g isolated from paediatric populations in Egypt, 1999–2005
Authors: DEJLI J. , NADA R. A. , MANSOUR A. , EL-MONIEM A. A. , WASFY M. O. , KLENA J. D. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYStrain characteristics of 51Shigella sonneiisolates obtained from children seeking medical care (MC) and 48 isolates recovered during a prospective diarrhoea birth cohort (BC) study were compared. Biochemical characterization and antibiotic susceptibility testing determined that allS. sonneiisolates were biotype g and multidrug-resistant. Plasmid profiling identified 15 closely related patterns andXbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis confirmed the high degree of genetic similarity between isolates. AllS.sonneiisolates harbouredipaHand class II integrase genes and 84·3 and 80% of the MC and BC isolates, respectively carried thesengene. Neither the class I integrase nor thesetgene was detected. Our results indicate thatS. sonneiisolates associated with severe diarrhoea were indistinguishable from those associated with mild diarrhoea. Additional genetic tests with greater discrimination might offer an opportunity to determine genetic differences within the globally disseminating biotype g clone.
Personal protective equipment, hygiene behaviours and occupational risk of illness after July 2011 flood in Copenhagen, Denmark
Authors: WÓJCIK O. P. , HOLT J. , KJERULF A. , MÜLLER L. , ETHELBERG S. , MØLBAK K. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYIncidence of various diseases can increase following a flood. We aimed to identify professionals in Copenhagen who became ill after contact with 2 July 2011 floodwater/sediment and determine risks and protective factors associated with illness. We conducted a cohort study of employees engaged in post-flood management activities. Participants completed a questionnaire collecting information about demographics, floodwater/sediment exposure, compliance with standard precautions, and symptoms of illness. Overall, 257 professionals participated, with 56 (22%) cases. Risk of illness was associated with not washing hands after floodwater/sediment contact [relative risk (RR) 2·45], exposure to floodwater at work and home (RR 2·35), smoking (RR 1·92), direct contact with floodwater (RR 1·86), and eating/drinking when in contact with floodwater (RR 1·77). Professionals need to follow standard precautions when in contact with floodwater/sediment, especially proper hand hygiene after personal protective equipment use and before eating/drinking and smoking.
Evidence for flash floods over deserts from loss of coherence in InSAR imagery
Authors: Schepanski K. , Wright T. J. , Knippertz P. 
Published: September 2012

Flash floods in complex terrain play an important role for sediment transport in arid regions and thus potentially for dust production, but observations of these phenomena are scarce over most of the world's deserts. Here, methods from radar interferometry, applied to 8 years (2003–2010) of ENVISAT Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar data over the northwestern Sahara, are used to demonstrate the potential of these data to identify significant flash floods. Loss of coherence between two consecutive images is indicative of changes in surface characteristics. Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission daily precipitation estimates, together with the digital elevation model from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, are analyzed to assess the likelihood of these changes to be related to flash floods. Four interferometric pairs representing periods with different rainfall amounts are examined with regard to changes in surface characteristics caused by precipitation. To do this, ratios of coherences are calculated, highlighting the changes in soil texture through loss of coherence in particular for desert valleys. Many pixels within wadis show large coherence during dry periods and a significant loss during wet periods, while others show low coherence irrespective of rainfall, possibly due to Aeolian processes. In the long term, findings from this study will be used to investigate the relation between flash floods and interannual variability of local dust emission fluxes.
Early functional and transcriptomic changes in the myocardium predict outcome in a long-term rat model of sepsis
Authors: Rudiger Alain , Dyson Alex , Felsmann Karen , Carré Jane E. , Taylor Valerie , Hughes Sian , Clatworthy Innes , Protti Alessandro , Pellerin Denis , Lemm Jana , Claus Ralf A. , Bauer Michael , Singer Mervyn 
Published: September 2012

Myocardial function is depressed in sepsis and is an important prognosticator in the human condition. Using echocardiography in a long-term fluid-resuscitated Wistar rat model of faecal peritonitis we investigated whether depressed myocardial function could be detected at an early stage of sepsis and, if so, whether the degree of depression could predict eventual outcome. At 6 h post-insult, a stroke volume &lt;0.17 ml prognosticated 3-day mortality with positive and negative predictive values of 93 and 80%, respectively. Subsequent fluid loading studies demonstrated intrinsic myocardial depression with poor-prognosis animals tolerating less fluid than either good-prognosis or sham-operated animals. Cardiac gene expression analysis at 6 h detected 527 transcripts significantly up- or down-regulated by the septic process, including genes related to inflammatory and cell cycle pathways. Predicted mortality was associated with significant differences in transcripts of genes expressing proteins related to the TLR2/MyD88 (Toll-like receptor 2/myeloid differentiation factor 88) and JAK/STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription) inflammatory pathways, β-adrenergic signalling and intracellular calcium cycling. Our findings highlight the presence of myocardial depression in early sepsis and its prognostic significance. Transcriptomic analysis in heart tissue identified changes in signalling pathways that correlated with clinical dysfunction. These pathways merit further study to both better understand and potentially modify the disease process.
Addressing the Content Vocabulary With Core: Theory and Practice for Nonliterate or Emerging Literate Students
Authors: Witkowski Debbie , Baker Bruce 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In the early elementary grades, the primary emphasis is on developing skills crucial to future academic and personal success—specifically oral and written communication skills. These skills are vital to student success as well as to meaningful participation in the classroom and interaction with peers. Children with complex communication needs (CCN) may require the use of high-performance speech generating devices (SGDs). The challenges for these students are further complicated by the task of learning language at a time when they are expected to apply their linguistic skills to academic tasks. However, by focusing on core vocabulary as a primary vehicle for instruction, educators can equip students who use SGDs to develop language skills and be competitive in the classroom. In this article, we will define core vocabulary and provide theoretical and practical insights into integrating it into the classroom routine for developing oral and written communication skills.
A Distributed GPU-Based Framework for Real-Time 3D Volume Rendering of Large Astronomical Data Cubes
Authors: Hassan A. H. , Fluke C. J. , Barnes D. G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe present a framework to volume-render three-dimensional data cubes interactively using distributed ray-casting and volume-bricking over a cluster of workstations powered by one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) and a multi-core central processing unit (CPU). The main design target for this framework is to provide an in-core visualization solution able to provide three-dimensional interactive views of terabyte-sized data cubes. We tested the presented framework using a computing cluster comprising 64 nodes with a total of 128 GPUs. The framework proved to be scalable to render a 204 GB data cube with an average of 30 frames per second. Our performance analyses also compare the use of NVIDIA Tesla 1060 and 2050 GPU architectures and the effect of increasing the visualization output resolution on the rendering performance. Although our initial focus, as shown in the examples presented in this work, is volume rendering of spectral data cubes from radio astronomy, we contend that our approach has applicability to other disciplines where close to real-time volume rendering of terabyte-order three-dimensional data sets is a requirement.
Zero-free regions for Dirichlet series
Authors: Delaunay C. , Fricain E. , Mosaki E. , Robert O. 
Published: September 2012

In this paper, we are interested in explicit zero-free discs for some Dirichlet series and we also study a general Beurling-Nyman criterion for

L
L

-functions. Our results generalize and improve previous results obtained by N. Nikolski and by A. de Roton. As a concrete application, we get, for example, a Beurling-Nyman type criterion for the Siegel zero problem.
Late Pleistocene species distribution modelling of North Atlantic intertidal invertebrates
Authors: Waltari Eric , Hickerson Michael J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimIn this study we test molecular‐based biogeographical hypotheses of Pleistocene persistence and recolonization in a North Atlantic rocky intertidal invertebrate assemblage using species distribution modelling.LocationNorth Atlantic coastlines.MethodsWe develop a novel application of species distribution models for intertidal taxa by using both oceanographic and terrestrial environmental variables recently made available at biologically relevant pixel resolutions. We use these model‐based distribution estimates to test alternative hypotheses of late Pleistocene history across six amphi‐Atlantic taxa whose hypothesized Pleistocene distributions are constructed from previous population genetic inferences.ResultsSpecies distribution models correctly estimate all six current amphi‐Atlantic distributions on both sides of the Atlantic. Models hindcasted to the Last Glacial Maximum estimate trans‐Atlantic distributional persistence in three of six taxa, and conversely indicate no suitable habitat on the North American coastline in the other three taxa. These results are consistent with the histories inferred from population genetic data for five of six of the taxa, the exception being Nucella lapillus, whose hindcasted trans‐Atlantic persistence at the Last Glacial Maximum contrasts with the mitochondrial DNA‐based estimates of post‐glacial expansion from Europe to North America.Main conclusionsMarine and terrestrial distribution models are broadly concordant with known contemporary distributions and fail to reject five of six historical distributional hypotheses based on population genetic inferences. This demonstrated utility suggests that this technique could be expanded to examine how Pleistocene and contemporary climate change might play a role in intertidal species distributions across the entire community. Future application and development of these marine and terrestrial distribution models will strengthen inferences regarding the processes generating intertidal community assembly and population divergence, and may assist in conservation planning and the design of marine reserves.
Malignant mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney: Report of the first male case
Authors: Suzuki Toshiro , Hiragata Shiro , Hosaka Kyoko , Oyama Toshio , Kuroda Naoto , Hes Ondrej , Michal Michal 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney is a rare benign tumor that consists of both epithelial and stromal cells. To date, eight malignant cases have previously been reported in female patients only. We report the first case of malignant mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney in a male patient. A 67‐year‐old Japanese man receiving hormonal therapy for prostatic cancer was found to have a right renal cystic tumor and underwent right nephrectomy. Histologically, the tumor was composed of benign epithelial and stromal cells in addition to malignant undifferentiated stromal cells. Immunohistochemically, the malignant stromal component was positive for cluster of differentiation 99 and B‐cell lymphoma 2, but no chimeric transcripts for synovial sarcoma were identified. Finally, a diagnosis of malignant mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney was recorded. Urologists and pathologists should recognize that malignant mixed epithelial and stromal tumors of the kidney might occur in male patients receiving hormonal therapy for prostatic cancer.