bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manifold regularized multitask feature learning for multimodality disease classification
Authors: Jie Biao , Zhang Daoqiang , Cheng Bo , Shen Dinggang ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2014

AbstractMultimodality based methods have shown great advantages in classification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its prodromal stage, that is, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Recently, multitask feature selection methods are typically used for joint selection of common features across multiple modalities. However, one disadvantage of existing multimodality based methods is that they ignore the useful data distribution information in each modality, which is essential for subsequent classification. Accordingly, in this paper we propose a manifold regularized multitask feature learning method to preserve both the intrinsic relatedness among multiple modalities of data and the data distribution information in each modality. Specifically, we denote the feature learning on each modality as a single task, and use group‐sparsity regularizer to capture the intrinsic relatedness among multiple tasks (i.e., modalities) and jointly select the common features from multiple tasks. Furthermore, we introduce a new manifold‐based Laplacian regularizer to preserve the data distribution information from each task. Finally, we use the multikernel support vector machine method to fuse multimodality data for eventual classification. Conversely, we also extend our method to the semisupervised setting, where only partial data are labeled. We evaluate our method using the baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data of subjects from AD neuroimaging initiative database. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can not only achieve improved classification performance, but also help to discover the disease‐related brain regions useful for disease diagnosis.Hum Brain Mapp 36:489–507, 2015. ©2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Realisation and characterization of conductive hollow fibers for neuronal tissue engineering
Authors: Gattazzo Francesca , De Maria Carmelo , Whulanza Yudan , Taverni Gemma , Ahluwalia Arti , Vozzi Giovanni 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this article, conductive hollow fibers have been fabricated using melt spinning technique. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) have been used to fabricate conductive poly‐caprolactone (PCL) composites. The hollow fibers have inner and outer diameter in the range of 300 µm and 500 µm, respectively. Critical parameters to tune the dimension of hollow fibers have been defined following two‐dimensions mathematical model. Evaluation of the mechanical properties showed that the incorporation of 1–3 wt % MWNTs and 5–8 wt % P3HT increased Young Modulus of 10% and 20% respectively, compared with pure PCL. The electrical property assessment demonstrated that a minimum incorporation of 3 wt % MWNT and 8 wt % P3HT in PCL matrix transformed composite materials into conductive materials. In addition, SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were seeded on the fabricated samples an their adhesion, proliferation and neurite length growth were analysed. In particular we observed that these materials promoted cell activities and in particular on MWNT/PCL composites there was a significant increase of neurite growth. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1107–1119, 2015.
Autologous resurfacing
Authors: Draenert Klaus , Draenert Yvette 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTBackground: There is a discrepancy between the interest in joint‐reconstructions and the current knowledge about the healing‐processes involved. Major reconstructions are performed with osteosynthesized allografts and fresh allografts for cartilage. Objectives: The main question to be answered is: what do we know about metaphyseal and epiphyseal cancellous bone healing, contact healing of the subchondral bone and its influence on cartilage healing? Can we achieve healing of all four compartments in contact? Purpose: The purpose is to systematically investigate through animal testing the healing processes of metaphyseal and epiphyseal bone, including the subchondral bone and the healing of cartilage of press‐fit‐inserted grafts, considering nondemineralized high‐resolution histology. Material and Methods: Primary cancellous‐bone healing of osteosynthesized hemi‐osteotomies was studied in 13 canine tibial heads, the contact healing was investigated in 7 dogs and 18 giant‐rabbits comparing contact‐healing of press‐fit‐inserted autologs cylindrical grafts with empty defects applying the wet‐grinding diamond‐technology. Bench‐experiments on the epiphyseal bones of swine including pullout‐tests of cylindrical grafts formed the basis for validation of that press‐fit diamond technology. Results: Primary metaphyseal and epiphyseal contact healing, including hyaline cartilage, was found in all compartments of the meta‐and epiphysis in the precisely performed experiments. The press‐fit principle, which employs cylindrical grafts and diamond instrumentation featuring a difference of 15/100 mm between graft and recipient bed, achieved high loads between 73.48 and 178.95 N (mean value 118.16 and standard deviation 32.79) in the pullout tests. Conclusion: Autologous press‐fit grafting with alignment of the bony baseplate using wet‐grinding precision has attained promising histo‐morphological results. Microsc. Res. Tech., 78:40–51, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deep sequencing analysis of microRNAs in bovine sperm
Authors: Du Yue , Wang Xiangguo , Wang Bo , Chen Wuju , He Rongjun , Zhang Lei , Xing Xupeng , Su Jianmin , Wang Yongsheng , Zhang Yong 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYmicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that participates in the regulation of many physiological pathways, but a role for spermatozoon‐delivered miRNAs in fertilization and embryonic development remains controversial. A library of miRNAs in bovine sperm was constructed using Illumina high‐throughput sequencing technology, along with the predication and the pathway analysis of target genes. miRNAs in mammalian spermatozoon were systematically investigated, and a protocol for RNA isolation from the cauda region of an epididymal biopsy was established. Unique sequences that were 18–26 nucleotides in length were mapped to specific precursors in miRBase 20.0 using BLAST. A total of 951 known miRNAs and 8 novel, highly expressed miRNA candidates were identified. The search for endogenous sperm miRNAs will contribute to a preliminary database for functional and molecular mechanistic studies in embryonic development and sperm epigenetic programming. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 1042–1052, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Discontinuous variational time integrators for complex multibody collisions
Authors: Johnson G. , Leyendecker S. , Ortiz M. 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYThe objective of the present work is to formulate a new class of discontinuous variational time integrators that allow the system to adopt two possibly different configurations at each sampling time tk, representing predictor and corrector configurations of the system. The resulting sequence of configuration pairs then represents a discontinuous—or non‐classical—trajectory. Continuous or classical trajectories are recovered simply by enforcing a continuity constraint at all times. In particular, in systems subject to one‐sided contact constraints simulated via discontinuous variational time integrators, the predictor configuration is not required to satisfy the one‐sided constraints, whereas the corrector configuration is obtained by a closest‐point projection (CPP) onto the admissible set. The resulting trajectories are generally discontinuous, or non‐classical, but are expected to converge to classical or continuous solutions for decreasing time steps. We account for dissipation, including friction, by means of a discrete Lagrange–d'Alembert principle, and make extensive use of the spacetime formalism in order to ensure exact energy conservation in conservative systems, and the right rate of energy decay in dissipative systems. The structure, range and scope of the discontinuous variational time integrators, and their accuracy characteristics are illustrated by means of examples of application concerned with rigid multibody dynamics. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphometric Assessment of the Appendicular Skeleton in the New Kingdom and Napatan Components from Tombos in Upper Nubia
Authors: Gibbon V. E. , Buzon M. R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDue to its critical location on the Nile River controlling trade from the south, Tombos is an important ancient site to explore the interaction between Egyptians and Nubians. To assess population continuity at Tombos through sociopolitical transitions, the appendicular skeleton of people from the New Kingdom and Napatan periods was examined. Using morphometric and statistical analyses, body proportions on the upper and lower limbs were studied on each element through size (i.e. length, breadth, and width) and shape (bone's measurements with size removed). The Napatan component (when Nubia ruled Egypt) was consistently larger in size than the earlier New Kingdom component (when Egypt ruled Nubia), with little variation in shape. More variability in both size and shape was observed in males. When compared with other Nubians (C‐group and Kerma) and Egyptians (Middle and New Kingdom), the Tombos Napatan sample (males and females) was generally larger, whereas the Tombos New Kingdom sample was generally smaller than other Nubians and similar in size to Egyptians. Some of the variability between the Tombos samples may be the result of gene flow, or rather changes in migration to the area through time and sociopolitics. However, the numerous differences in size with few in shape provide more support for an environmental explanation since size is more susceptible to nutritional stress, disease, and physical activity.These results show that the people of Tombos underwent biological alterations during these major sociopolitical changes from Egyptian rule over Nubia during the New Kingdom to Nubia ruling Egypt during the Napatan period. This study also demonstrates that morphometric analyses of multiple bones and measurements are an important supplement to other bioarchaeological analyses to provide a broader of view of physical changes that occur over time. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping the Activity and Evolution of Retrogressive Thaw Slumps by Tasselled Cap Trend Analysis of a Landsat Satellite Image Stack
Authors: Brooker Alexander , Fraser Robert H. , Olthof Ian , Kokelj Steve V. , Lacelle Denis 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTRetrogressive thaw slumps are a dominant agent of geomorphic change in ice‐rich permafrost landscapes and may remain active for decades. Previous studies of slump activity have used aerial photographs and/or high‐resolution satellite images acquired at (multi)‐decadal time intervals. This study investigates if the calculation of the three Tasselled Cap transformations (brightness, greenness and wetness) from a dense stack of Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ images can be used to identify slump activity and map slump evolution at near‐annual resolution. Results obtained from analysis of slumps in the Richardson Mountains‐Peel Plateau region of the Northwest Territories, Canada, suggest that Tasselled Cap linear trend images effectively identify both active and stable thaw slumps. In addition, the analysis of single‐date Tasselled Cap values at the pixel level can be used to map the initiation, growth and stabilisation of slumps at near‐annual timescales. The Tasselled Cap trend analysis method therefore offers the possibility to: (1) map the distribution of thaw slumps by activity level (active, stable or relict); (2) derive headwall retreat rates at near‐annual resolution; and (3) determine patterns of stabilisation and re‐vegetation over the period of available Landsat images. The rich temporal information provided by Landsat analysis complements conventional, higher spatial resolution (but lower temporal resolution) methods that map slumps from pairs of aerial photographs and high‐resolution satellite imagery. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Criminal offending among males and females between ages 15 and 30 in a population‐based nationwide 1981 birth cohort: Results from the FinnCrime Study
Authors: Elonheimo Henrik , Gyllenberg David , Huttunen Jukka , Ristkari Terja , Sillanmäki Lauri , Sourander André 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTWe describe the epidemiology of crime between ages 15 and 30 in a population‐based sample. We received police register data for 5405 males and females, representing the children born in Finland in 1981. We classified crimes into drug, violent, property, traffic, drunk driving, and sexual crimes, excluding minor traffic offenses. Of males, 60% and of females, 25% were registered for offending. For males, prevalence peaked in late adolescence, while for females, there was no peak age. Offending frequency remained stable for male offenders but was lower among adolescent female offenders. All crime types overlapped each other. Crime accumulated: 1% committed 34% of male and 56% of female offenses. In conclusion, the adolescent peak in offending reflects peaking prevalence among males, not females, nor frequency of offending among offenders. The crime problem is focused on two key groups: late adolescent males and the few males and females in whom crime concentrates.
Old Public Health goes Next Generation: Die Vernetzung von Infektionsepidemiologie und Public Health Microbiology
Authors: Sing Andreas 
Published: October 2014

Einleitung
Angesichts der Weiterentwicklung molekularbiologischer Typisierungsverfahren inkl. des Next Generation Sequencing sind nicht nur Mikrobiologie und Genetik methodisch in eine Next Generation eingetreten. Auch in der Infektionsepidemiologie als klassischem Bestandteil von Old Public Health werden aufgrund moderner molekularbiologischer Methoden über eine interdisziplinäre Vernetzung von (nicht nur naturwissenschaftlich verstandener) Mikrobiologie und (nicht nur sozialwissenschaftlich verstandener) Epidemiologie neue Tätigkeitsfelder entstehen.
ÖGD quo vadis: Bild einer besseren Zukunft
Authors: Szagun Bertram 
Published: October 2014

Einleitung
Megatrends zeigen die steigende Bedeutung der allostatischen Last im Krankheitspanorama und unterstreichen damit die alte Erkenntnis, dass Gesundheit v.a. sozial determiniert wird. Der Schlüssel zu einer besseren Zukunft des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes ist daher ein soziales und planerisches Profil auf Basis einer offensiv multidisziplinären Personalpolitik. Der dies stützende fachübergreifende wissenschaftliche ÖGD-Verband erwüchse daraus wahrscheinlich von selbst. Nur Mut, ÖGD!
ÖGD: Dienst an der Öffentlichen Gesundheit
Authors: Zapf Andreas , Kuhn Joseph , Wildner Manfred 
Published: October 2014

Einleitung
Die Tätigkeitsfelder des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes erleben eine zunehmende Annäherung an verschiedenste Public Health Anwendungsfelder. Daraus ergeben sich Perspektiven für eine sowohl inhaltliche als auch methodische gemeinsame Weiterentwicklung von ÖGD und Public Health im 21. Jahrhundert.
Defining the optimal gradient doped :YAG disk for room and low temperature diode pumped solid-state laser operations
Authors: Chanteloup J.-C. , Arzakantsyan M. , Marrazzo S. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We propose a general methodology to define the optimum doping ion volume distribution required for an efficient solid-state laser amplifier. This approach is illustrated in the context of two experimental diode pumped Yb:YAG amplifiers operating at 300 and 160 K. Processing of such tailored gain media is now possible through horizontal direct crystallization.
Youth, Generations, and Collective Action in Nineteenth-Century Ireland and Italy
Authors: Whelehan Niall 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article examines concepts of youth, maturity, and generations in nineteenth-century Ireland and Italy and perceived connections between young people and political and social unrest. I demonstrate that, rather than being consistent, the involvement of younger generations in radicalism was uneven, and varied significantly with historical contexts. I argue that the authorities frequently exaggerated associations between young people and radicalism as a subtle strategy of exclusion, as a means of downgrading the significance of collective action and portraying it as a criminal, emotional, or even recreational matter rather than a political one, a tendency that has often been reinforced in the historiography. Descriptions of youth and maturity should not be understood as merely reflections of age. They were not value-free, and served as indicators of individuals' social standing and political agency or lack thereof. Yet fighting in a rebellion offered an alternative to marriage, owning property, or education for the achievement of “manhood,” or adult status and political agency. The article also investigates how the Great Irish Famine shaped generational consciousness in the second half of the nineteenth century through an analysis of the participants in nationalist and agrarian violence. In all, over four thousand participants in collective action in Ireland and Italy are examined.
Remarks on the identification of the Albian/Cenomanian boundary and taxonomic clarification of the planktonic foraminifera index speciesglobotruncanoides, brotzeniandtehamaensis
Authors: PETRIZZO MARIA ROSE , CARON MICHÈLE , PREMOLI SILVA ISABELLA 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe planktonic foraminifera assemblage across the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Cenomanian Stage defined at Mont Risou (Haute-Alpes in France) is here restudied to clarify the identification and stratigraphic distribution ofThalmanninella globotruncanoides( =Rotalipora globotruncanoidesSigal, 1948) andPseudothalmanninella tehamaensis( =Rotalipora tehamaensisMarianos & Zingula, 1966) whose appearance levels are primary and secondary criteria for placing the Albian/Cenomanian boundary. Since the ratification of the GSSP in 2002, the identification of the foraminifera index species across the Albian/Cenomanian boundary has been reported to be sometimes difficult either because of their rarity or uncertainty in the taxonomic identifications. We discuss the taxonomic status ofThalmanninella brotzeniSigal 1948, a species regarded for a long time to be a junior synonym ofTh. globotruncanoides, through images of Sigal's type materials deposited at the Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris), and elucidate the taxonomically important characters that enable unequivocal identification ofTh. brotzeni, Th. globotruncanoidesandPs. tehamaensis. Planktonic foraminifera marker species from Mont Risou are compared with well-preserved specimens from Blake Nose Plateau (ODP 171B, North Western Atlantic Ocean) to verify the reliability and stratigraphic distribution of these marker taxa outside the Mediterranean Tethyan area.
Graphology and psychiatric diagnosis: Is the writing on the wall?
Authors: Davoren Mary , Sherrard Natalie , Breen Eugene , Kelly Brendan D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjective: To review the role of handwriting analysis in psychiatry.Method: Case-report and review of key papers.Results: M, a 27-year-old man, presented with incoherent speech, palilalia, logoclonia, incongruous affect, paranoid delusions and auditory hallucinations. M was diagnosed with schizophrenia and cannabis misuse, complicated by speech and language difficulties. M spent long periods writing on pieces of paper; towards the start of his admission, his writing was unintelligible but became more intelligible as his psychosis resolved. M's handwriting demonstrates clinical features of psychosis (e.g. clang associations) and graphological abnormalities associated with schizophrenia in the literature (rigidity in letter-formation, mechanical expressions, and tendency toward over-use of straight lines).Conclusion: Analysis of handwriting is likely to play a limited role in psychiatric diagnosis but may prove useful in monitoring clinical improvement in certain patients.
Mobilizing Candidates: Political Actors Strategically Shape the Candidate Pool with Personal Appeals
Authors: Broockman David E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPoliticians' personal beliefs and backgrounds strongly influence politics and policy. But why do individuals with particular beliefs and backgrounds tend to run for office and become politicians? This paper argues that parties and interest groups strategically shape the candidate pool from which voters choose by mobilizing certain individuals to run for office, much like they strategically shape the electorate by mobilizing like-minded individuals to vote. Supporting this view, I first unearth decades of previously disparate evidence suggesting that candidate mobilization efforts are widespread. I then present results from an experiment embedded in an actual candidate mobilization effort that finds encouragement to run for office can meaningfully increase interest in candidacy. Implications and opportunities for further research are discussed.
Voters Don't Care Much About Incumbency
Authors: Brown Adam R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractUS House incumbents enjoy profound electoral advantages, yet existing research has not asked whether individual voters actually prefer incumbents over newcomers, other things being equal. Instead, existing research has focused on showing that other things are not equal by emphasizing the structural advantages that incumbents enjoy. Political scientists, economists, and pundits have frequently speculated that voters either reward or punish incumbency, even when structural advantages are ignored. A randomized survey experiment administered in two waves to 1,976 respondents suggests that voters respond only minimally—if at all—to incumbency status once the structural advantages are held constant. Voters do not exhibit a strong general preference either for or against incumbency.
Stable-isotope probing and metagenomics reveal predation by protozoa drives E. coli removal in slow sand filters
Authors: Haig Sarah-Jane , Schirmer Melanie , D’Amore Rosalinda , Gibbs Joseph , Davies Robert L , Collins Gavin , Quince Christopher 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Stable-isotope probing and metagenomics were applied to study samples taken from laboratory-scale slow sand filters 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after challenging with 13C-labelled Escherichia coli to determine the mechanisms and organisms responsible for coliform removal. Before spiking, the filters had been continuously operated for 7 weeks using water from the River Kelvin, Glasgow as their influent source. Direct counts and quantitative PCR assays revealed a clear predator–prey response between protozoa and E. coli. The importance of top-down trophic-interactions was confirmed by metagenomic analysis, identifying several protozoan and viral species connected to E. coli attrition, with protozoan grazing responsible for the majority of the removal. In addition to top-down mechanisms, indirect mechanisms, such as algal reactive oxygen species-induced lysis, and mutualistic interactions between algae and fungi, were also associated with coliform removal. The findings significantly further our understanding of the processes and trophic interactions underpinning E. coli removal. This study provides an example for similar studies, and the opportunity to better understand, manage and enhance E. coli removal by allowing the creation of more complex trophic interaction models.