bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine‐Tuning Electron Transfer for Nanozyme Design
Authors: Zong Xia , Xu Xinran , Pang Dai‐Wen , Huang Xinglu , Liu An‐An 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNanozymes, with their versatile composition and structural adaptability, present distinct advantages over natural enzymes including heightened stability, customizable catalytic activity, cost‐effectiveness, and simplified synthesis process, making them as promising alternatives in various applications. Recent advancements in nanozyme research have shifted focus from serendipitous discovery toward a more systematic approach, leveraging machine learning, theoretical calculations, and mechanistic explorations to engineer nanomaterial structures with tailored catalytic functions. Despite its pivotal role, electron transfer, a fundamental process in catalysis, has often been overlooked in previous reviews. This review comprehensively summarizes recent strategies for modulating electron transfer processes to fine‐tune the catalytic activity and specificity of nanozymes, including electron‐hole separation and carrier transfer. Furthermore, the bioapplications of these engineered nanozymes, including antimicrobial treatments, cancer therapy, and biosensing are also introduced. Ultimately, this review aims to offer invaluable insights for the design and synthesis of nanozymes with enhanced performance, thereby advancing the field of nanozyme research.
Bioactive Glass in Tissue Regeneration: Unveiling Recent Advances in Regenerative Strategies and Applications
Authors: Zhu Yanlun , Zhang Xuerao , Chang Guozhu , Deng Shuai , Chan Hon Fai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBioactive glass (BG) is a class of biocompatible, biodegradable, multifunctional inorganic glass materials, which is successfully used for orthopedic and dental applications, with several products already approved for clinical use. Apart from exhibiting osteogenic properties, BG is also known to be angiogenic and antibacterial. Recently, BG's role in immunomodulation has been gradually revealed. While the therapeutic effect of BG is mostly reported in the context of bone and skin‐related regeneration, its application in regenerating other tissues/organs, such as muscle, cartilage, and gastrointestinal tissue, has also been explored recently. The strategies of applying BG have also expanded from powder or cement form to more advanced strategies such as fabrication of composite polymer‐BG scaffold, 3D printing of BG‐loaded scaffold, and BG‐induced extracellular vesicle production. This review presents a concise overview of the recent applications of BG in regenerative medicine. Various regenerative strategies of BG will be first introduced. Next, the applications of BG in regenerating various tissues/organs, such as bone, cartilage, muscle, tendon, skin, and gastrointestinal tissue, will be discussed. Finally, clinical applications of BG for tissue regeneration will be summarized, and future challenges and directions for the clinical translation of BG will be outlined.
An Electrolyte Engineered Homonuclear Copper Complex as Homogeneous Catalyst for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yang Qin , Shen Shiying , Han Zhiyuan , Li Guanwu , Liu Dong , Zhang Qingchun , Song Lixian , Wang Dong , Zhou Guangmin , Song Yingze 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries suffer from severe polysulfide shuttle, retarded sulfur conversion kinetics and notorious lithium dendrites, which has curtailed the discharge capacity, cycling lifespan and safety. Engineered catalysts act as a feasible strategy to synchronously manipulate the evolution behaviors of sulfur and lithium species. Herein, a chlorine bridge‐enabled binuclear copper complex (Cu‐2‐T) is in situ synthesized in electrolyte as homogeneous catalyst for rationalizing the Li–S redox reactions. The well‐designed Cu‐2‐T provides completely active sites and sufficient contact for homogeneously guiding the Li2S nucleation/decomposition reactions, and stabilizing the lithium working interface according to the synchrotron radiation X‐ray 3D nano‐computed tomography, small angle neutron scattering and COMSOL results. Moreover, Cu‐2‐T with the content of 0.25 wt% approaching saturated concentration in electrolyte further boosts the homogeneous optimization function in really operated Li–S batteries. Accordingly, the capacity retention of the Li–S battery is elevated from 51.4% to 86.3% at 0.2 C, and reaches 77.0% at 1.0 C over 400 cycles. Furthermore, the sulfur cathode with the assistance of Cu‐2‐T realizes the stable cycling under the practical scenarios of soft‐packaged pouch cell and high sulfur loading (6.5 mg cm−2 with the electrolyte usage of 4.5 µL mgS−1).
Purely Optical, Reversible, Read‐Write‐Erase Cycling Using Photoswitchable Beads in Micropatterned Arrays
Authors: Zhang Heyou , Dharpure Pankaj , Philipp Michael , Mulvaney Paul , Thelakkat Mukundan , Köhler Jürgen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUsing surface‐templated electrophoretic deposition, arrays of polymer beads (photonic units) incorporating photo‐switchable DAE molecules are created, which can be reversibly and individually switched between high and low emission states by direct photo‐excitation, without any energy or electron transfer processes within the molecular system. The micropatterned array of these photonic units is spectroscopically characterized in detail and optimized with respect to both signal contrast and cross‐talk. The optimum optical parameters including laser intensity, wavelength and duration of irradiation are elucidated and ideal conditions for creating reversible on/off cycles in a micropatterned array are determined. 500 such cycles are demonstrated with no obvious on/off contrast attenuation. The ability to process binary information is demonstrated by selectively writing information to the given photonic unit, reading the resultant emissive signal pattern and finally erasing the information again, which in turn demonstrates the possibility of continuous recording. This basic study paves the way for building complex circuits using spatially well‐arranged photonic units.
Uncover the Unusual Near‐Infrared Luminescence in Stannates – Interplay of Cr3 + with Codopants
Authors: Chen Qiaoling , Lin Litian , Ji Chang , Duan Chang‐Kui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe unintentional incorporation of various unknown trace amounts of impurities poses challenges and controversies in identifying luminescent mechanisms of certain systems. A common approach to confirm or exclude the involvement of a certain activation center is to monitor the changes in luminescence by intentionally doping the inferred species into the crystal. Here, an intriguing luminescent phenomenon resulting from the hidden interplay between the dopants and trace impurities, is presented. In alkaline‐earth stannate perovskites, near‐infrared luminescence is observed. By combining density‐functional calculations with the well‐designed doping and codoping experimental strategies, the mechanisms behind this anomaly is successfully uncovered. It originates from the stabilization of Cr3 + by codopants such as Bi and rare‐earth (RE) ions, acting as electron donors. The luminescence is almost unobservable when chromium is doped alone, and thus the traditional identification method does't work. This work emphasizes the important role of trace impurity in materials, especially the subtle change of valence state of trace impurity upon doping, which provides enlightening insights and prompts reassessments of numerous reported anomalous luminescent phenomena.
Intron Retention of DDX39A Driven by SNRPD2 is a Crucial Splicing Axis for Oncogenic MYC/Spliceosome Program in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chang Cunjie , Li Lina , Su Ling , Yang Fan , Zha Quanxiu , Sun Mengqing , Tao Lin , Wang Menglan , Song Kangli , Jiang Liangyu , Gao Haojin , Liang Yexin , Xu Chao , Yong Caiyu , Wang Minmin , Huang Jiacheng , Liu Jing , Jin Weiwei , Lv Wenyuan , Dong Heng , Li Qian , Bu Fangtian , Yan Shuanghong , Qi Haoxiang , Zhao Shujuan , Zhu Yingshuang , Wang Yu , Shi Junping , Qiao Yiting , Xu Jian , Chabot Benoit , Chen Jianxiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRNA splicing is a dynamic molecular process in response to environmental stimuli and is strictly regulated by the spliceosome. Sm proteins, constituents of the spliceosome, are key components that mediate splicing reactions; however, their potential role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood. In the study, SNRPD2 (PD2) is found to be the most highly upregulated Sm protein in HCC and to act as an oncogene. PD2 modulates DDX39A intron retention together with HNRNPL to sustain the DDX39A short variant (39A_S) expression. Mechanistically, 39A_S can mediate MYC mRNA nuclear export to maintain high MYC protein expression, while MYC in turn potentiates PD2 transcription. Importantly, digitoxin can directly interact with PD2 and has a notable cancer‐suppressive effect on HCC. The study reveals a novel mechanism by which DDX39A senses oncogenic MYC signaling and undergoes splicing via PD2 to form a positive feedback loop in HCC, which can be targeted by digitoxin.
3D‐Printed Hierarchically Microgrid Frameworks of Sodiophilic Co3O4@C/rGO Nanosheets for Ultralong Cyclic Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Bai Wanlong , Wang Hui , Min Dong Hyun , Miao Jingzhong , Li Beiming , Xu Tingting , Kong Dezhi , Li Xinjian , Yu Xu , Wang Ye , Park Ho Seok 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHerein, hierarchically structured microgrid frameworks of Co3O4 and carbon composite deposited on reduced graphene oxide (Co3O4@C/rGO) are demonstrated through the three‐dimensioinal (3D) printing method, where the porous structure is controllable and the height and width are scalable, for dendrite‐free Na metal deposition. The sodiophilicity, facile Na metal deposition kinetics, and NaF‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation of cubic Co3O4 phase are confirmed by combined spectroscopic and computational analyses. Moreover, the uniform and reversible Na plating/stripping process on 3D‐printed Co3O4@C/rGO host is monitored in real time using in situ transmission electron and optical microscopies. In symmetric cells, the 3D printed Co3O4@C/rGO electrode achieves a long‐term stability over 3950 at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2 with a superior Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.87% as well as 120 h even at 20 mA cm−2 and 20 mAh cm−2, far exceeding the previously reported carbon‐based hosts for Na metal anodes. Consequently, the full cells of 3D‐printed Na@Co3O4@C/rGO anode with 3D‐printed Na3V2(PO4)3@C‐rGO cathode (≈15.7 mg cm−2) deliver the high specific capacity of 97.97 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles with a high CE of 99.89% at 0.5 C, demonstrating the real operation of flexible Na metal batteries.
Conjugate Polymer Anchor Enhancing Matrix Vacuum Stability and Improving MALDI MSI via Ion Bond
Authors: Yu Xi , Chen Junyu , Li Zhengzhou , Shen Duo , Liu Huihui , Nie Zongxiu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPoor vacuum stability limits the application of many matrices in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) that requires long‐term measurement duration in high vacuum. In this study, a new approach using conjugate polymer anchor to protect unstable matrix from volatilizing in MALDI source based on ion bond is provided. Unlike strong covalent bonds which often introduce unnecessary groups, the weaker ion bonds are more conducive to breaking under laser radiation while effectively preventing matrix volatilization in a vacuum environment. The results confirm that conjugate polymer anchor will neither introduce additional ion peaks nor affect signal intensity, yet maintains comparable quantification properties. Vacuum stability of three kinds of typical matrices is enhanced using polymer anchors, and the in situ MALDI MS imaging of mouse brain and liver cancer is improved significantly.
Enlightenment of Deionized‐Water Bathing IGZO TFTs
Authors: Qian Yujia , Gu Xishuang , Li Ting , Hu Peixuan , Liu Xiaohan , Ren Junyan , Liang Lingyan , Cao Hongtao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAt present, amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO) semiconductor has become the most commonly used semiconductor material and is widely used in flat panel displays and various sensors, but its performance is greatly affected by environmental factors, especially water. This study investigates the instability of IGZO thin‐film transistors (TFTs) soaked in deionized water. After 24 h bathing, the field‐effect mobility and threshold voltage change a little, but the subthreshold swing, positive bias stress and negative bias stress stability undergo clear degradation. Through comprehensive examination of the changes in the chemical composition, surface morphology and thickness of the IGZO films, it's found that IGZO experiences selective etching by deionized water, and consequently the film surface becomes rough and rich of In and oxygen vacancies, which can explain the variations on device performance well. In addition to the bathing experiment performed on In2O3, Ga2O3, and ZnO TFTs, a schematic image of the reaction between water and IGZO is depicted, showing the preferential loss of Ga and Zn located next to the oxygen vacancy.
Care partner‐informed meaningful change thresholds for the Clinical Dementia Rating‐Sum of Boxes for trials of early Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lansdall Claire J. , Teng Edmond , Chague Jerome , Palanganda Rohan , Delmar Paul , Smith Janice , Cummings Jeffrey L. , McDougall Fiona 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONConsensus definitions of meaningful within‐patient change (MWPC) on the Clinical Dementia Rating‐Sum of Boxes (CDR‐SB) are needed. Existing estimates use clinician‐rated anchors in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) populations. Incorporating the care partner perspective offers important insights, and evaluating biomarker‐confirmed cohorts aligns estimates with ongoing trials.METHODSAnchor‐based analyses were conducted to evaluate MWPC on the CDR‐SB in early AD (Tauriel; NCT03289143) using Caregiver Global Impression of Change in memory or daily activities.RESULTSAcross time points and anchors, mean CDR‐SB changes associated with the “somewhat worse” category ranged from 1.50 to 2.12 in early AD, 1.07 to 2.06 in mild cognitive impairment‐AD, and 1.79 to 2.25 in mild AD.DISCUSSIONThe proposed ranges are appropriate to define meaningful progression on the CDR‐SB in similar cohorts and support the interpretation of treatment benefit through MWPC analyses. Thresholds should be calibrated to the context of use; lower/higher thresholds may be applicable in studies of earlier/later disease over shorter/longer durations.Highlights
Within‐patient CDR‐SB change thresholds are provided using caregiver‐rated anchors.
1.5 to 2.5 points may be an appropriate range in early AD trials of similar durations.
Cumulative distribution function plots illustrate the benefit of a given treatment.
When selecting thresholds, the target population and study design should be considered.
Sustained frailty remission and dementia risk in older adults: A longitudinal study
Authors: Wang Shuomin , Li Qianyuan , Wang Shanshan , Huang Chongmei , Xue Qian‐Li , Szanton Sarah L. , Liu Minhui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONPhysical frailty is reversible, but little is known about the sustainability of frailty remission and its impact on dementia.METHODSData were derived from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) (2011 to 2021). Physical frailty was assessed using the Fried frailty phenotype, and frailty transition patterns across three waves were defined. The relationship of sustained frailty remission with incident dementia was examined using Cox proportional regression, stratified by age and gender.RESULTSAmong 1931 participants, 348 (18.0%) were capable of sustained frailty remission. During the 8‐year follow‐up, 279 participants developed dementia. In a fully adjusted model, sustained remission was associated with a lower risk of dementia (hazard ratio = 0.66, 95% confidence interval = 0.47 to 0.93). The association was more pronounced among younger‐old and male participants but not observed among their counterparts.DISCUSSIONSustained frailty remission was associated with a reduced risk of developing dementia. Physical frailty could be an essential forewarning of dementia and a target for interventions.Highlights
We provided new insights into the natural progression of frailty and its impact on dementia risk using a nationally representative sample
Sustained frailty remission reduced risk of incident dementia.
Age and gender played a role in the frailty‐dementia link, and thus individualized dementia risk screening is necessary.
Physical frailty could be an essential forewarning of cognitive decline and an ideal target for interventions to prevent dementia.
Multiplexed Shortwave Infrared Imaging Highlights Anatomical Structures in Mice
Authors: Zhong Xingjian , Patel Amish , Sun Yidan , Saeboe Alexander M. , Dennis Allison M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMultiplexed fluorescence in vivo imaging remains challenging due to the attenuation and scattering of visible and traditional near infrared (NIR‐I, 650–950 nm) wavelengths. Fluorescence imaging using shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1000–1700 nm, a.k.a. NIR‐II) light enables deeper tissue penetration due to reduced tissue scattering as well as minimal background autofluorescence. SWIR‐emitting semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with tunable emission peaks and optical stability are powerful contrast agents, yet few imaging demonstrations exclusively use SWIR emission beyond two‐color imaging schemes. In this study, we engineered three high quality lead sulfide/cadmium sulfide (PbS/CdS) core/shell QDs with distinct SWIR emission peaks ranging from 1100–1550 nm for simultaneous three‐color imaging in mice. We first use the exceptional photostability of QDs to non‐invasively track lymphatic drainage with longitudinal imaging, highlighting the detailed networks of lymphatic vessels with widefield imaging over a 2 hr period. We then perform multiplexed imaging with all three QDs to distinctly visualize the lymphatic system and spatially overlapping vasculature networks, including clearly distinguishing the liver and spleen. This work establishes optimized SWIR QDs for next generation multiplexed and longitudinal preclinical imaging, unlocking numerous opportunities for preclinical studies of disease progression, drug biodistribution, and cell trafficking dynamics in living organisms.
Delocalized Orbitals over Metal Clusters and Organic Linkers Enable Boosted Charge Transfer in Metal–Organic Framework for Overall CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Liu Hai‐Xiong , Zhou Zi‐Jian , Xie Lei , Liu Chen , Cai Lei , Wu Xin‐Ping , Liu Tian‐Fu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe conversion of CO2 to C2 through photocatalysis poses significant challenges, and one of the biggest hurdles stems from the sluggishness of the multi‐electron transfer process. Herein, taking metal–organic framework (MOF, PFC‐98) as a model photocatalyst, we report a new strategy to facilitate charge separation. This strategy involves matching the energy levels of the lowest unoccupied node and linker orbitals of the MOF, thereby creating the lowest unoccupied crystal orbital (LUCO) delocalized over both the node and linker. This feature enables the direct excitation of electrons from photosensitive linker to the catalytic centers, achieving a direct charge transfer (DCT) pathway. For comparison, an isoreticular MOF (PFC‐6) based on analogue components but with far apart frontier energy level was synthesized. The delocalized LUCO caused the presence of an internal charge‐separated (ICS) state, prolonging the excited state lifetime and further inhibiting the electron‐hole recombination. The presence of ICS state prolongs the excited state lifetime and further inhibits the electron‐hole recombination. Moreover, it also induced abundant electrons accumulating at the catalytic sites, enabling the multi‐electron transfer process. As a result, the material featuring delocalized LUCO exhibits superior overall CO2 photocatalytic performance with high C2 production yield and selectivity.
Isolation and chemical immobilization of E. coli‐specific bacteriophage with NH2‐MIL‐101(Fe) MOF, a high photoluminescence rod‐shaped microcrystals for low‐level bacteria detection
Authors: Sethi Santosh , Rathod Virendra 
Published: July 2024

As concern raised by the World Health Organization (WHO) of antibiotic‐resistant and bio‐defensive bacteria, a metal–organic framework (MOF) based optical biosensor came into consideration for precise, quick, and sensitive detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 10799) using bacteriophage as a bio‐recognition element. In the present study, amine‐functionalized Fe‐based MOF, i.e., NH2‐MIL‐101(Fe), was synthesized by the solvothermal method (approx. 531–1106 nm in size and 20 mV zeta potentials by DLS) and further characterized by SEM, XRD, ATR‐FTIR, UV–VIS, and photoluminescent (PL) spectroscopy. The lytic bacteriophage was isolated from a sewage sample, purified, and concentrated using the ultra‐centrifugation method and achieved a high titer of 7.3 × 1012 PFU/ml. The concentration, stability, and accessible receptor binding domains (RBDs) of the biorecognition element for binding with their analytes play an important role in developing sensitive and specific biosensor systems. To fulfill the mentioned criteria, optimized glutaraldehyde concentration was estimated at 0.25%, at 30 °C for conjugating maximum bacteriophage titer of 8.6 × 105 PFU/ml for each 1 mg amine functionalized iron‐based MOF. The synthesized detection probe has shown excellent photoluminescence and antibacterial activity and achieved a detection limit of 652 CFU/ml over a bacterial detection concentration range from 5.78 × 101 to 5.78 × 106 CFU/ml for E. coli with 10–12 min of response time, high specificity, and long‐term stability even at room temperature. Therefore, it can be inferred that this MOF‐based strategy can be helpful in the specific and sensitive detection of various bacterial pathogens using bacteriophage as a bio‐recognition element.
Lipase‐catalyzed transesterification of virgin and refined hemp seed oil with ferulic acid ethyl ester
Authors: Compton David L. , Pero Bryant A. , Radloff Garris H. C. , Evangelista Roque L. , Winkler‐Moser Jill K. , Kenar James A. , Cermak Steven C. , Appell Michael , Evans Kervin O. , Wegener Evan C. , Rheay Hanah T. , Skory Christopher D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe transesterification of ethyl ferulate (EF) and unrefined, virgin, cold pressed hemp seed oil (HOV) and refined, bleached, deodorized cold pressed hemp seed oil (HOR) using a commercial lipase, Novozym 435 (Candida antarctica B lipase immobilized on an acrylic resin), was examined in 150‐mL, shaken, batch reactions at 60°C for 2 weeks. The reactions produced feruloylated hemp seed oils, FHOV and FHOR, respectively, and the reactions were monitored to determine the difference between virgin and refined hemp seed oil on the transesterifications. The FHOV and FHOR reactions both reached EF conversion equilibrium of 58% after ca. 168 h. Ultraviolet (UV) absorbing and antioxidant capacity of the FHOV and FHOR were determined. Both FHOV and FHOR (50 μM in ethanol) were excellent UVA II absorbers, λmax 322 nm, and exhibited absorption into the UVB. The DDPH* radical (200 μM) scavenging of the FHOV and FHOR (0.25–2.5 mM) were both shown to be rapid antioxidants (50% DDPH* radical scavenged in <5 min) at 1.0 and 2.5 mM suggesting that inherent components contained in the HOV did not adversely affect enzyme activity relative to transesterification using HOR. Overall, using less expensive, unrefined, virgin hemp seed oil versus more expensive, refined hemp seed oil did not appreciably affect the enzyme kinetics of the transesterification reactions nor the UV absorbing and antioxidant efficacy of the resultant feruloylated hemp seed oils, making FHOV a less expensively produced feruloylated hemp seed oil for cosmetic and personal care applications.