bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of ultrasound to measure morphology of the toe flexor muscles
Authors: Mickle Karen J , Nester Christopher J , Crofts Gillian , Steele Julie R 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundMeasuring the strength of individual foot muscles is very challenging; however, measuring muscle morphology has been shown to be associated with strength. A reliable method of assessing foot muscle atrophy and hypertrophy would therefore be beneficial to researchers and clinicians. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the test‐retest intra‐observer reliability of ultrasound to measure the morphology of the primary toe flexor muscles.MethodThe abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digitorum brevis, quadratus plantae and abductor digiti minimi muscles in the foot, and the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus muscles in the shank were assessed in five males and five females (mean age = 32.1 ± 10.1 years). Muscles were imaged using a GE Venue 40 ultrasound (6‐9 or 7.6‐10.7 MHz transducer) in a random order, and on two occasions 1‐6 days apart. Muscle thickness and cross‐sectional area were measured using Image J software with the assessor blinded to muscle and day of scan. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and limits of agreement were calculated to assess day‐to‐day repeatability of the measurements.ResultsThe method was found to have good reliability (ICC = 0.89‐0.99) with limits of agreement between 8‐28% of the relative muscle size.ConclusionThe protocol described in this paper showed that ultrasound is a reliable method to measure morphology of the toe flexor muscles. The portability and advantages of ultrasound make it a useful tool for clinical and research settings.
Effects of exogenous enzymes and dietary energy on performance and digestive physiology of broilers
Authors: Zou Jialing , Zheng Ping , Zhang Keying , Ding Xuemei , Bai Shiping 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The study was conducted to compare the effects of XG with AG and BM at different metabolizable energy diets on growth performance, digestive physiology and energy utilization of broilers fed with corn-SBM diet. A 2 × 4 factorial design was used with two basal diets (the positive control group, PC; negative control with ME reduction 100 kcal/kg, NC) and with or without the addition of three exogenous enzymes (0.02% BM; 0.01% AG; 0.05% XG) respectively. 1,200 one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 8 treatments with 10 pens of 15 broilers. There was no significant difference on BW, BWG, and FI at 0-21d, 21-42d or 0-42d for diet, enzymes or their interactions, but FI at 22-42d and 0-42d were tend to be decreased with the addition of enzymes. The F/G was significantly improved by the addition of enzymes especially in NC diet. The dietary AME and TME in PC or NC diet were significantly increased by XG or AG in NC diet. The villus length and V/C of ileum were significantly increased by the addition of BM or XG. XG improved the activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase, BM improved the activity of trypsin at 21d, and AG improved the activity of chymotrypsin at 21d. Comparing to PC diet, the addition of enzymes in PC or NC diet decreased feed cost per kg body weight gain especially in NC diet (except AG in PC diet) with the highest profits for XG in NC diet. In conclusion, supplementation of 0.02% BM or 0.01% AG or 0.05% XG could improve feed conversion of broilers in corn-soybean meal diet by improving energy utilization and digestive physiology, and also supplementation of 0.05% XG had a preferable efficacy in low energy diet.
The effect of high concentration oxygen therapy on PaCO2 in acute and chronic respiratory disorders
Authors: Pilcher Janine , Perrin Kyle , Beasley Richard 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
There is evidence that the potential for high concentration oxygen therapy to increase PaCO2 is not limited to stable and acute exacerbations of COPD, but also to other acute respiratory disorders with abnormal gas exchange such as asthma and pneumonia, and chronic respiratory conditions with hypercapnia such as obesity hypoventilation syndrome. This evidence forms the basis of consensus guidelines which recommend that oxygen therapy is titrated in COPD and other respiratory conditions, to ensure the maximal benefits of oxygen therapy are achieved while reducing the potential for harm due to hyperoxia.
Angulated Bi3+–WO3 with Significant Alkali Resistance and Efficient Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Wada Marie , Wang Nini , Konishi Yoshinari , Miseki Yugo , Gunji Takahiro , Sayama Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Angulated WO3 modified with Bi3+ (Bi–WO3) showed very high resistance to 1 M NaOH solution. Moreover, the activities of Pt/Bi–WO3 both before and after immersion in NaOH solution were excellent for the photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds under visible light.
A Polyelectrolyte-stabilized Approach for Massive Production of AgCl/Graphene Nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Fugetsu Bunshi 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
A simple yet highly effective approach for the massive production of AgCl/graphene hybrid nanoparticles is described. The use of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), a typical cationic polyelectrolyte, to stabilize the graphene sheets in situ was the key to achieve the goal. AgCl nanoparticles having an average diameter of ca. 500 nm combined firmly with the PDDA-stabilized graphene sheets were produced in large amounts. New insights into the unique photocatalytic properties of the PDDA-stabilized AgCl/graphene hybrid nanoparticles were obtained through analysis of the resultant samples by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy together with other suitable analytical methods.
Low-temperature-operative Carbon Monoxide Gas Sensor with Novel CO Oxidizing Catalyst
Authors: Hosoya Ayaka , Tamura Shinji , Imanaka Nobuhito 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
A catalytic-combustion-type carbon monoxide gas sensor operable at a low temperature was devised by employing a Pt-loaded cerium oxide–zirconium oxide–tin oxide solid solution as a novel oxidizing catalyst. Since this catalyst can oxidize CO at low temperatures, the sensor with the Pt-loaded CeO2–ZrO2–SnO2 catalyst exhibits a smooth and reproducible response to CO gas at 70 °C, which is a significantly lower temperature than that required for the operation of sensors with the conventional CO oxidation catalysts Pt/Al2O3 or Pd/Al2O3.
Oral Antineoplastic Handling at Health Care Institutions in the United States: Survey of Nurses and Pharmacists
Authors: Reeves David J. , Kam Teresa C. , Storey Susan H. 
Published: April 2013

Purpose To characterize and identify trends in current practices for ordering, handling, dispensing, administering, and disposing of oral antineoplastics. Methods An electronic survey was designed and sent to pharmacists and nurses via professional society listservs. Results One hundred and twenty-three practitioners responded to the survey. Of those responding, 76% described having an official policy regarding the handling of oral antineoplastics. Prescribing was limited to attending physicians or oncologists the majority of the time (42% and 98%, respectively), with 11% accepting telephone orders for oral antineoplastics. Personal protective equipment was required by many of the respondents; 70% required gloves be worn. Patient contact precautions were utilized by 79% of practitioners, of which 81% followed similar precautions for targeted therapies. Compounding was required to be performed in a biological safety cabinet by 88% of respondents, and 83% required decontamination of supplies and equipment after exposure to oral antineoplastics. Conclusion Although practices varied slightly, the majority of respondents follow available guidance when handling oral antineoplastics.
New bounds for the broadcast domination number of a graph
Authors: Brewster Richard , Mynhardt Christina , Teshima Laura 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
A dominating broadcast on a graph G = (V, E) is a function f: V → {0, 1, ..., diam G} such that f(v) ≤ e(v) (the eccentricity of v) for all v ∈ V and such that each vertex is within distance f(v) from a vertex v with f(v) > 0. The cost of a broadcast f is σ(f) = Σv∈V

f(v), and the broadcast number λ
b (G) is the minimum cost of a dominating broadcast.
A set X ⊆ V(G) is said to be irredundant if each x ∈ X dominates a vertex y that is not dominated by any other vertex in X; possibly y = x. The irredundance number ir (G) is the cardinality of a smallest maximal irredundant set of G.
We prove the bound λb(G) ≤ 3 ir(G)/2 for any graph G and show that equality is possible for all even values of ir (G). We also consider broadcast domination as an integer programming problem, the dual of which provides a lower bound for λb.
Adverse reaction of a combined treatment for unresectable liver cancer
Authors: Ren Jianjun , Jiang Tao , Peng Rui 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
To investigate the adverse reactions of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with trastuzumab in the treatment of unresectable live cancer, 85 unresectable liver cancer patients were treated with 35 mg epirubicin, with lipiodol and gelatin sponge granule as the embolic agent, and trastuzumab (4mg/kg) was administered intravenously. All the adverse reactions were investigated by blood routine examination and the checking of liver, renal and thyroid functions on the postoperative 2nd and 30th day. No patients died of direct medication. The main adverse reactions included haematological toxicity, liver function lesion and postoperative syndromes such as nausea, vomiting, fever and liver area aching. Two days after the treatment, the amount of the serum total bilirubin (TB) and white blood cell (WBC) increased dramatically, while platelet (PLT) changed a little, and creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) did not change at all. Thirty days after the treatment, blood routine, liver and renal functions were examined, demonstrating that the liver function remained unchanged, PLT decreased apparently, WBC was lower, and Cr and BUN changed slightly compared to those before the treatment. The combined treatment is safe for unresectable liver cancer and thus can be used as a routine intervention method.
Amblyopia Risk Factor Prevalence
Authors: Arnold Robert W. 
Published: April 2013

Purpose:
In 2003, the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) published a set of risk factors for amblyopia. The intent was to promote uniformity of reporting and development in screening. Because this prevalence is not yet known, this meta-analysis is an attempt to estimate it.

Methods:
Major community preschool eye examination studies were reviewed and AAPOS cut-offs estimated.

Results:
The approximate prevalence of anisometropia is 1.2%, hyperopia is 6%, astigmatism is 15%, myopia is 0.6%, strabismus is 2.5%, and visual acuity less than 20/40 is 6%. The mean combined prevalence is 21% ± 2% compared to a prevalence of amblyopia 20/40 and worse of 2.5%.

Conclusions:
Knowing risk factor prevalence simplifies validation efforts. Amblyopia screening with a risk factor sensitivity less than 100% is expected and desirable.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013;50(4):213–217.]
Biomechanical and Refractive Behaviors of Keratoconic Cornea Based on Three-Dimensional Anisotropic Hyperelastic Models
Authors: Han Zhaolong , Sui Xiaohong , Zhou Dai , Zhou Chuanqing , Ren Qiushi 
Published: April 2013

PURPOSE:
To investigate the biomechanical and refractive behaviors of normal and keratoconic corneas based on three-dimensional anisotropic hyperelastic corneal models with two layers.

METHODS:
Based on an anisotropic hyperelastic formula, the finite element method was employed to develop normal and keratoconic corneal models in which the fiber orientations and the biomechanical differences between corneal layers were taken into account. The displacements for normal and keratoconic corneal models were studied, as well as changes in corneal refractive power with intraocular pressure (IOP).

RESULTS:
There were different displacements for keratoconic and normal corneas. Positive correlations were found in the keratoconic cornea between IOP and apical displacement, as well as between IOP and corneal refractive power. Under normal IOP, both the corneal shape and refractive power map were affected by the stiffness distributions of the corneal layers.

CONCLUSIONS:
Finite element analysis can be used to demonstrate the biomechanical and refractive behavior of a cornea with keratoconus. From a biomechanical viewpoint, the displacement changes seen under normal IOP were due to the decreased stiffness in the keratoconic corneal tissue and local thinning disorders. Thus, the curvature and corneal refractive power map will be abnormal in keratoconus.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2013;29(4):282–290.]
Unilateral Ectasia After LASIK in a Patient With Abnormal Topography but Normal Tomography
Authors: Guilbert Emmanuel , Saad Alain , Gatinel Damien 
Published: April 2013

PURPOSE:
To report a case of unilateral ectasia developing after LASIK in a patient with abnormal topography but normal tomographic indices.

METHODS:
Case report and literature review.

RESULTS:
A patient was treated bilaterally for myopia using LASIK. Five years and 5 months postoperatively, unilateral ectasia in the right eye was diagnosed. Preoperatively, anterior curvature (Placido) map of the right cornea showed an asymmetry with 1.8 diopters of steepening when evaluated from upper left to lower right meridians, and a skewing of the steepest radial axes. The calculated KISA% index was 128.4 in the right eye and 5.6 in the left eye. Conversely, posterior elevation map and pachymetry map of the right eye showed no frank abnormalities.

CONCLUSIONS:
This case is interesting because it shows that for this patient, the anterior curvature (Placido) map was more sensitive to detect cornea at risk of post-LASIK ectasia than the tomographic features.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(4):294–296.]
Myofascial Release as a Treatment for Orthopaedic Conditions: A Systematic Review
Authors: McKenney Kristin , Elder Amanda Sinclair , Elder Craig , Hutchins Andrea 
Published: April 2013

Objective
To critically analyze published literature to determine the effectiveness of myofascial release therapy as a treatment for orthopaedic conditions.

Data Sources:
We searched the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), with key words myofascial release, myofascial release therapy, myofascial release treatment, musculoskeletal, and orthopedic. No date limitations were applied to the searches.

Study Selection:
Articles were selected based upon the use of the term myofascial release in the abstract or key words. Final selection was made by applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria to the full text. Studies were included if they were English-language, peer-reviewed studies on myofascial release for an orthopaedic condition in adult patients. Ten studies were eligible.

Data Extraction:
Data collected were number of participants, condition being treated, treatment used, control group, outcome measures and results. Studies were analyzed using the PEDro scale and the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine's Levels of Evidence Scale.

Data Synthesis:
Study scores on the PEDro scale ranged from 6 of 10 to 8 of 10. Based on the Levels of Evidence Scale, the case studies (n = 6) were of lower quality, with a rank of 4. Three of the 4 remaining studies were rated at 2b, and the final study was rated at 1b.

Conclusions:
The quality of studies was mixed, ranging from higher-quality experimental to lower-quality case studies. Overall, the studies had positive outcomes with myofascial release, but because of the low quality, few conclusions could be drawn. The studies in this review may serve as a good foundation for future randomized controlled trials.
Unique and Varied Contributions of Traditional CVD Risk Factors: A Systematic Literature Review of CAD Risk Factors in China
Authors: Foody Joanne , Huo Yong , Ji Linong , Zhao Dong , Boyd Dylan , Meng Hai Jin , Shiff Susan , Hu Dayi 
Published: April 2013

This study is the first systematic review of risk factors for stroke in China and supports the importance of current public health initiatives to manage the risk factors appropriately to reduce risk of stroke in high risk patients. Additionally, this study has been co-authored by prominent Chinese and US physicians and researchers with expertise in cardiovascular disease, neurologic disorders, epidemiology, and real world data. While there have been several systematic reviews of real world associations of risk factors for coronary artery disease, none focus specifically on the population of China, where there is growing evidence that such risk factors are poorly treated or uncontrolled, especially in rural areas. Background To better understand the impact of traditional cardiovascular risk factors on risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in China, a systematic review of all Chinese observational studies published in either English or Chinese in MEDLINE and EMBASE over the last 5 years was performed and the association between any of 5 traditional risk factors (ie, hypertension, diabetes, elevated lipid levels, obesity, and smoking) and the risk of CAD was studied. Methods and Results The study found a consistent relationship between lipid levels and CAD. Higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values were associated with greater risk of CAD, with an odds ratio as high as 3.31. Other factors found to be significant contributors to the risk of CAD included hypertension (crude odds ratio range of 1.40-5.11), diabetes (1.50-5.97), and smoking (1.37-5.19). An association between obesity and CAD in China was observed, but the evidence supporting this was considered weak due to the paucity of studies found as part of this review. Conclusions This review provides a systematic summary of CAD risk factors in China and demonstrates the important differences that exist in CAD risk factors between countries and regions. Approaches to reduce CAD globally must take into account the unique risk factors that drive CAD in each country and region as is demonstrated by these findings.
Les “nouveaux” réseaux catholiques de Claude Ryan : le changement de cap de l’Action
catholique canadienne (1950-1962)
Authors: Gauvreau Michael 
Published: April 2013

Cette communication trace le développement intellectuel de Claude Ryan et les
grandes influences sur son catholicisme, de son adolescence durant les années 1930 jusqu’en
1952, lors de son retour de Rome, alors qu’il a mené l’Action catholique vers une nouvelle
direction. Ce texte propose que Ryan a fréquenté plusieurs réseaux et courants
intellectuels : une filiation de nationalisme libéral, marqué par son contact avec le
journalisme d’Olivar Asselin ; le personnalisme littéraire des romanciers catholiques
français de 1900-1920 ; les écrits socio-politiques de Jacques Maritain, un mentor
important, qui l’a introduit au courant néo-thomiste ; le « case-work » américain
de son initiation à la profession du travail social ; et finalement, une conversion à la
théologie d’histoire formulée par saint Augustin, typique de nombreux intellectuels
nord-américains célèbres durant la période de l’après-guerre. Sa rencontre avec ces divers
courants a formé sa pensée sur les questions religieuses, politiques, et sociales, mais leur
impact a poussé Ryan dans la voie de l’intellectuel solitaire, suite à la faillite de son
projet, à la fin des années 1940, de former un réseau de catholiques progressistes ancrés
dans l’Action catholique.
Au nom de l’humain : penser le suicide dans ses sources profondes
Authors: Bibeau Gilles 
Published: April 2013

Dans ce texte qui se présente comme un essai anthropologique sur la condition de l’Homme, l’auteur propose quelques réflexions susceptibles de soutenir notre réflexion, qu’elle soit de nature biologique, sociologique ou psychologique, sur la question du suicide. Le cadre ici présenté invite à s’interroger sur ce qui fait la profondeur de l’homme, sur l’ambiguïté qui le marque, sur les contradictions qui le constituent, jeté qu’il est entre vie et mort, entre positivité et négativité, et sur l’idéologie du « tout positif » qui tend à générer une dangereuse intériorisation du « négatif ». Le suicide qui peut prendre les formes les plus diversifiées, de la dépendance aux drogues de toutes sortes à la dépression chronique et à l’auto-destruction, est ainsi pensé sur l’horizon d’une pensée de l’humain qui fait une place à l’ambiguïté profonde qui marque la condition humaine. Les spécialistes cherchant à comprendre les conduites suicidaires sont invités à prendre conscience de notre commune humanité, toujours tragique, qui nous fait tous humains.
Alternative Payment Models and Performance in Federally Qualified Health Centers
Authors: Markowski Justin , Wallace Jacob , Schlesinger Mark , Ndumele Chima D. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceSeveral state Medicaid agencies have transitioned from traditional fee-for-service to a value-centric alternative payment model (APM) to reimburse federally qualified health centers (FQHCs). Little is known about the effects of this shift on FQHC performance.ObjectiveTo assess the association between APMs and the clinical performance, payer mix, risk profile, and financial sustainability of FQHCs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study was performed in 684 FQHCs (representing 37 states plus the District of Columbia) that continuously operated between January 2009 and December 2021. Data on payer mix (eg, type of insurance) and risk profile (eg, proportion of patients with chronic conditions) of FQHC patients were obtained from the Uniform Data System, and clinic-level financial data (eg, revenue) were obtained from Internal Revenue Service form 990 tax documents. Data were analyzed between November 2022 and October 2023.ExposureInitial rollout of a value-based payment model (ie, an APM) for FQHCs, as offered by state Medicaid program, between January 2013 and December 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were 4 audited process measures of health care quality (cervical and colorectal cancer screening and body mass index [BMI] assessment for adults and children) and 2 intermediate health outcome measures (hypertension control and diabetes control). A difference-in-differences design was used with staggered implementation comparing FQHCs before and after the initial APM rollout vs contemporaneous changes in FQHCs in states without APMs.ResultsA total of 684 FQHCs (8892 FQHC-years) that served 17 823 959 patients in 2021 (57.3% female) were included in the study. Among FQHCs in states implementing APMs, significant differential increases in 3 of the 4 process quality measures were observed compared with FQHCs in states that did not implement an APM: colorectal cancer screening (3.24 percentage points [pp]; 95% CI, 1.40-5.08 pp), adult BMI (3.19 pp; 95% CI, 0.70-5.68 pp), and child BMI (4.50 pp; 95% CI, 1.83-7.17 pp). There were also modest differential improvements in blood pressure control for individuals with hypertension (1.02 pp; 95% CI, 0.04-2.00 pp) and blood glucose control for individuals with type 2 diabetes (1.02 pp; 95% CI, 0.02-2.02 pp) compared with FQHCs in states without an APM. There was no evidence that the APM rollout was associated with clinics selecting healthier patients (–0.01 pp; 95% CI, –0.21 to 0.19 pp) or stinting on care (–0.02 visits; 95% CI, –0.08 to 0.04 visits).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, introduction of Medicaid APM options for FQHCs was associated with modest, statistically significant increases in quality concentrated among FQHCs with APM models that explicitly incentivized quality. This finding suggests that APMs can be both a financially viable and a health-promoting model for reimbursement in the health care safety net.