bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of gastric bypass surgery in patients with hypertension: rationale and design for a randomised controlled trial (GATEWAY study)
Authors: Schiavon Carlos Aurélio , Ikeoka Dimas Tadahiro , de Sousa Marcio Gonçalves , Silva Cellys Roberta Ananias , Bersch-Ferreira Angela Cristine , de Oliveira Juliana Dantas , Noujaim Patrícia Malvina , Cohen Ricardo Vitor , Amodeo Celso , Berwanger Otávio 
Published: September 2014

IntroductionObesity and overweight are becoming progressively more prevalent worldwide and are independently associated with a significant increase in the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Systemic arterial hypertension is frequently found in association with obesity and contributes significantly to increased cardiovascular risk. We hypothesise that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, a procedure that effectively reduces body weight, can also positively impact blood pressure control in obese and hypertensive individuals.Methods and analysisA unicentric, randomised, controlled, unblinded clinical trial. Sixty obese (body mass index between 30 and 39.9) and moderately well controlled hypertensive patients, in use of at least two antihypertensive medications at maximum doses or more than two in moderate doses, will be randomly allocated, using an online, electronic and concealed method, to receive either RYGB plus optimised clinical treatment (OCT) or OCT alone. The primary end point is the reduction of antihypertensive medication at 1 and 2 years of follow-up. Data analysis will primarily be conducted on an intention-to-treat basis.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the local institutional review board that works in total compliance with the latest version of the Helsinki Declaration, the Good Clinical Practices (GCP), the ‘America's Document’ and the national regulatory laws. Before the beginning of any study-related activities, each study participant is asked to provide a signed informed consent.Trial registration numberNCT01784848.
Acupuncture for discomfort in patients during gastroscopy: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Wang Weiming , Zhang Tao , Peng Weina , Wu Jiani , Liu Zhishun 
Published: September 2014

IntroductionThis systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for discomfort in patients during gastroscopy.Methods and analysisRandomised controlled trials will be searched electronically in several databases including OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Medical Current Content (CMCC), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP database), Wan-Fang Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from their respective founding dates to 30 April 2014. We will also try to find the literature by manually searching conference abstracts and reference lists. The study selection, extraction of data and assessment of study quality will be conducted independently by two researchers. Meta-analysis will be performed using RevMan V.5.2 statistical software. Data will be combined with either the fixed or random effect model based on a heterogeneity test. The results will be presented as a risk ratio for dichotomous data and standardised mean difference for continuous data.DisseminationThis systematic review will evaluate the current evidence of acupuncture therapy for discomfort in patients during gastroscopy. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication or conference presentations.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42014008966.
Patients’ online access to their electronic health records and linked online services: a systematic interpretative review
Authors: de Lusignan Simon , Mold Freda , Sheikh Aziz , Majeed Azeem , Wyatt Jeremy C , Quinn Tom , Cavill Mary , Gronlund Toto Anne , Franco Christina , Chauhan Umesh , Blakey Hannah , Kataria Neha , Barker Fiona , Ellis Beverley , Koczan Phil , Arvanitis Theodoros N , McCarthy Mary , Jones Simon , Rafi Imran 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of providing patients online access to their electronic health record (EHR) and linked transactional services on the provision, quality and safety of healthcare. The objectives are also to identify and understand: barriers and facilitators for providing online access to their records and services for primary care workers; and their association with organisational/IT system issues.SettingPrimary care.ParticipantsA total of 143 studies were included. 17 were experimental in design and subject to risk of bias assessment, which is reported in a separate paper. Detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria have also been published elsewhere in the protocol.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOur primary outcome measure was change in quality or safety as a result of implementation or utilisation of online records/transactional services.ResultsNo studies reported changes in health outcomes; though eight detected medication errors and seven reported improved uptake of preventative care. Professional concerns over privacy were reported in 14 studies. 18 studies reported concern over potential increased workload; with some showing an increase workload in email or online messaging; telephone contact remaining unchanged, and face-to face contact staying the same or falling. Owing to heterogeneity in reporting overall workload change was hard to predict. 10 studies reported how online access offered convenience, primarily for more advantaged patients, who were largely highly satisfied with the process when clinician responses were prompt.ConclusionsPatient online access and services offer increased convenience and satisfaction. However, professionals were concerned about impact on workload and risk to privacy. Studies correcting medication errors may improve patient safety. There may need to be a redesign of the business process to engage health professionals in online access and of the EHR to make it friendlier and provide equity of access to a wider group of patients.A1. Systematic review registration numberPROSPERO CRD42012003091.
Termination of pregnancy at very early gestation without visible yolk sac on ultrasound
Authors: Heller Rebecca , Cameron Sharon 
Published: September 2014

IntroductionRequests for termination of pregnancy (TOP) at very early gestation (≤6 weeks) can prove challenging for abortion services as the ultrasound feature usually accepted as definitive evidence of an intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), the presence of a yolk sac within a gestational sac, may not yet be evident. In 2011 the Edinburgh TOP service introduced a protocol permitting women to proceed to treatment without further investigations provided that ultrasound showed the features of an eccentrically placed gestational sac (≥3 mm) with a decidual reaction, and there were no signs, symptoms or risk factors for ectopic pregnancy.MethodsA retrospective audit was conducted of outcomes of women presenting for TOP at ≤6 weeks’ gestation over a 2-year period using the hospital computerised database.ResultsA total of 1155 women presented for TOP with an ultrasound gestational age of ≤6 weeks. Of these, 1030 (89%) had ultrasound evidence of a yolk sac. Eighty-seven women (7.5%) had an eccentrically placed gestational sac with a decidual reaction. All 87 women fulfilled our criteria to proceed to medical TOP, and 66 did so. In the remaining 21 cases, further investigations were performed before they proceeded to medical TOP. Two (0.17%) medical TOPs failed, both in women whose initial ultrasound had shown a yolk sac.ConclusionWomen with ultrasound features consistent with a very early IUP (≥3 mm eccentrically placed gestational sac with a decidual reaction) and without signs, symptoms or risk factors for ectopic pregnancy can proceed directly to medical TOP without the need for delay for further ultrasonography.
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a statewide assessment of outcome based on risk factors, aneurysm characteristics, and geo-demography
Authors: Larrew Thomas , Pryor Will , Weinberg James , Webb Sharon , Battenhouse H , Turk Aquilla S , Chaudry Imran , Spiotta Alejandro , Turner Raymond 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating illness with nationwide mortality rates reaching almost 50% within the first 30 days. A study was undertaken to evaluate how treatment modality, physical findings, and geo-demography contribute to the outcome of these cases, including complications and disposition status.MethodsAll cases of aSAH in the fiscal year of 2012 (July 2011–June 2012) at the Medical University of South Carolina and Palmetto Health Richland were studied. These healthcare facilities represent 88.5% of aneurysm treatment in the state of South Carolina. Information including aneurysm properties, Hunt–Hess grade, Fisher grade, and symptoms occurring at and after admission were analyzed.Results131 patients (94 women and 37 men) with aSAH were treated. 92.4% of cases were treated endovascularly, with more than a third of all cases using balloon-assisted coiling. Hypertension, tobacco use, and hyperlipidemia were the most prevalent comorbidities. Headache, followed by hydrocephalus, motor disturbance, and nausea/vomiting were the most common presenting symptoms. The most common adverse event occurring after hospital admission was acute respiratory failure followed by urinary tract infection, hydrocephalus, and vasospasm. 42.0% were discharged home and nine patients (6.9%) died during hospitalization.ConclusionsPreviously established risk factors such as hypertension and smoking were identified as the most prevalent comorbidities, with disparity between subgroups, particularly women and African Americans. Endovascular treatment was the primary modality of treatment. Mortality rates were lower than previously reported.
Development of a tool to improve performance debriefing and learning: the paediatric Objective Structured Assessment of Debriefing (OSAD) tool
Authors: Runnacles Jane , Thomas Libby , Sevdalis Nick , Kneebone Roger , Arora Sonal , Cooper Mehrengise 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Simulation is an important educational tool to improve medical training and patient safety. Debriefing after simulation is crucial to maximise learning and to translate the lessons learnt to improve real clinical performance, and thus to reduce medical error. Currently there are few tools to improve performance debriefing and learning after simulations of serious paediatric situations.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to guide and assess debriefings after simulations of serious paediatric situations, applying the current evidence base and user-based research.

Study design
A literature review and semistructured interviews (performed in 2010) to identify important features of a paediatric simulation debriefing. Emergent theme analysis was used to identify key components of an effective debriefing which could be used as a tool for assessing debriefing effectiveness.

Results
The literature review identified 34 relevant studies. Interviews were carried out with 16 paediatricians, both debriefing facilitators and learners. In total, 307 features of a debriefing were identified. These were grouped into eight dimensions representing the key components of a paediatric debriefing: the facilitator’s approach, learning environment, engagement of learners, reaction, descriptive reflection, analysis, diagnosis and application. These eight dimensions were used to create a tool, the Objective Structured Assessment of Debriefing (OSAD). Each dimension can be scored on a five-point Likert scale containing descriptions for scores 1, 3 and 5 to serve as anchors and aid scoring.

Conclusions
The study identified the important features of a paediatric simulation debriefing, which were developed into the OSAD tool. OSAD offers a structured approach to paediatric simulation debriefing, and is based on evidence from published literature and views of simulation facilitators and learners. OSAD may be used as a guide or assessment tool to improve the quality of debriefing after paediatric simulation.
Fault-tolerant algorithms for tick-generation in asynchronous logic
Authors: Dolev Danny , Függer Matthias , Schmid Ulrich , Lenzen Christoph 
Published: September 2014

Today’s hardware technology presents a new challenge in designing robust systems. Deep submicron VLSI technology introduces transient and permanent faults that were never considered in low-level system designs in the past. Still, robustness of that part of the system is crucial and needs to be guaranteed for any successful product. Distributed systems, on the other hand, have been dealing with similar issues for decades. However, neither the basic abstractions nor the complexity of contemporary fault-tolerant distributed algorithms match the peculiarities of hardware implementations.
This article is intended to be part of an attempt striving to bridge over this gap between theory and practice for the clock synchronization problem. Solving this task sufficiently well will allow to build an ultra-robust high-precision clocking system for hardware designs like systems-on-chips in critical applications. As our first building block, we describe and prove correct a novel distributed, Byzantine fault-tolerant, probabilistically self-stabilizing pulse synchronization protocol, called FATAL, that can be implemented using standard asynchronous digital logic: Correct FATAL nodes are guaranteed to generate pulses (i.e., unnumbered clock ticks) in a synchronized way, despite a certain fraction of nodes being faulty. FATAL uses randomization only during stabilization and, despite the strict limitations introduced by hardware designs, offers optimal resilience and smaller complexity than all existing protocols. Finally, we show how to leverage FATAL to efficiently generate synchronized, self-stabilizing, high-frequency clocks.
Peer Review on Open-Source Software Projects
Authors: Rigby Peter C. , German Daniel M. , Cowen Laura , Storey Margaret-Anne 
Published: September 2014

Peer review is seen as an important quality-assurance mechanism in both industrial development and the open-source software (OSS) community. The techniques for performing inspections have been well studied in industry; in OSS development, software peer reviews are not as well understood.
To develop an empirical understanding of OSS peer review, we examine the review policies of 25 OSS projects and study the archival records of six large, mature, successful OSS projects. We extract a series of measures based on those used in traditional inspection experiments. We measure the frequency of review, the size of the contribution under review, the level of participation during review, the experience and expertise of the individuals involved in the review, the review interval, and the number of issues discussed during review. We create statistical models of the review efficiency, review interval, and effectiveness, the issues discussed during review, to determine which measures have the largest impact on review efficacy.
We find that OSS peer reviews are conducted asynchronously by empowered experts who focus on changes that are in their area of expertise. Reviewers provide timely, regular feedback on small changes. The descriptive statistics clearly show that OSS review is drastically different from traditional inspection.
Towards partitioned hierarchical real-time scheduling on multi-core processors
Authors: Åsberg Mikael , Nolte Thomas , Kato Shinpei 
Published: September 2014

This paper extends previous work on hierarchical scheduling to multi-core systems. We have implemented partitioned multi-core scheduling of servers in the Linux kernel, using the scheduling framework ExSched. Neither ExSched nor the presented scheduler require any modifications to the Linux kernel. Hence, this makes the installation and kernel-version updates easier. We also present a user-space simulator which can be used when developing new multi-core hierarchical schedulers (plug-ins) for ExSched.
We evaluate the overhead of our new multi-core hierarchical scheduler and compare it to a single-core hierarchical scheduler. Our results can be useful for developers that want to minimize the scheduler overhead when using partitioned hierarchical multi-core scheduling.
Wear Behavior of an Unstable Knee: Stabilization via Implant Design?
Authors: Reinders Jörn , Sonntag Robert , Kretzer Jan Philippe 
Published: September 2014

Background. Wear-related failures and instabilities are frequent failure mechanisms of total knee replacements. High-conforming designs may provide additional stability for the joint. This study analyzes the effects of a ligamentous insufficiency on the stability and the wear behavior of a high-conforming knee design.Methods. Two simulator wear tests were performed on a high-conforming total knee replacement design. In the first, a ligamentous-stable knee replacement with a sacrificed anterior cruciate ligament was simulated. In the second, a ligamentous-unstable knee with additionally insufficient posterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament was simulated. Wear was determined gravimetrically and wear particles were analyzed. Implant kinematics was recorded during simulation.Results. Significantly higher wear rates (P≤0.001) were observed for the unstable knee (14.58±0.56 mg/106cycles) compared to the stable knee (7.97 ± 0.87 mg/106cycles). A higher number of wear particles with only small differences in wear particle characteristics were observed. Under unstable knee conditions, kinematics increased significantly for translations and rotations (P≤0.01). This increase was mainly attributed to higher tibial posterior translation and internal rotations.Conclusion. Higher kinematics under unstable test conditions is a result of insufficient stabilization via implant design. Due to the higher kinematics, increased wear was observed in this study.
Periodontal Responses to Augmented Corticotomy with Collagen Membrane Application during Orthodontic Buccal Tipping in Dogs
Authors: Lee Dong-Yeol , Ahn Hyo-Won , Herr Yeek , Kwon Young-Hyuk , Kim Seong-Hun , Kim Eun-Cheol 
Published: September 2014

This prospective randomized split-mouth study was performed to examine the effects of absorbable collagen membrane (ACM) application in augmented corticotomy using deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), during orthodontic buccal tipping movement in the dog. After buccal circumscribing corticotomy and DBBM grafting into the decorticated area, flaps were repositioned and sutured on control sides. ACM was overlaid and secured with membrane tacks, on test sides only, and the flaps were repositioned and sutured. Closed coil springs were used to apply 200 g orthodontic force in the buccolingual direction on the second and third premolars, immediately after primary flap closure. The buccal tipping angles were31.19±14.60° and28.12±11.48° on the control and test sides, respectively. A mean of79.5 ± 16.0% of the buccal bone wall was replaced by new bone on the control side, and on the test side78.9±19.5% was replaced. ACM application promoted an even bone surface. In conclusion, ACM application in augmented corticotomy using DBBM might stimulate periodontal tissue reestablishment, which is useful for rapid orthodontic treatment or guided bone regeneration. In particular, ACM could control the formation of mesenchymal matrix, facilitating an even bone surface.
Eugen Karl Kempf, the man behind the Kempf Database Ostracoda
Authors: Matzke-Karasz Renate 
Published: September 2014

ITIS, WoRMS, EOL, iBOL, GBIF, ANTABIF, OBIS. FlyBase, FishBase, FosFARbase, Fauna Europaea. World Modern Foraminifera Database, EDNA Fossil Insect Database, European Diatom Database, The Reptile Database, Mammalian Species of the World. Today’s biologists are blessed with databases, and there is no doubt about their relevance for scientific work. (Palaeo-)Biologists put a lot of time and efforts into establishing and maintaining a multitude of databases, not to mention their endeavours to raise funds for this work. Many databases are produced and edited by a multitude of authors and editors, providing a great amount of data being supplied to the project within a short period of time — all too often at the expense of quality. The recent success of databases is intrinsically tied to the increasing access to, and use of, the World Wide Web, and it comes as no surprise that only few such biological databases have been initiated prior to the late 1990s. A rare example of an evidentially long-standing, relational database, authored and managed by an individual expert of a crustacean class, is the Kempf Database Ostracoda. Prof. Eugen Karl Kempf, now celebrating his eightieth anniversary, started data compilation in the 1960s as a card index and innovatively switched to a machine punch card system in the 1970s. Ever since the first publication from his taxonomic-bibliographic database in 1980, ostracod researchers worldwide benefitted from an ineffably high amount of, currently, more than 285 000 datasets of highest integrity. It is time to honour the person behind the Kempf Database Ostracoda.
The ostracod springtail — camera recordings of a previously undescribed high-speed escape jump in the genus Tanycypris (Ostracoda, Cypridoidea)
Authors: Matzke-Karasz Renate , Nagler Christina , Hofmann Simon 
Published: September 2014

During an ostracod sampling campaign in the city of Munich (Germany) samples were taken from containers in a greenhouse of the Munich Botanical Garden. Beside the ubiquitous speciesCypridopsis vidua(O. F. Müller, 1776), the samples contained four alien species, i.e.,Chlamydotheca arcuata(Sars, 1901),Strandesia bicuspis(Claus, 1892),Tanycypris centaChang, Lee & Smith, 2012, andTanycypris alfonsiNagler, Geist & Matzke-Karasz, 2014. While sorting the livingTanycyprisspecimens, a yet undescribed usage of the caudal rami was observed. Freshwater ostracods usually move on or in the sediment by using their first and second antennae, walking legs and — if not reduced — their caudal rami. During (non-swimming) locomotion of most freshwater ostracods with well-developed caudal rami, they help pushing the body forward by being used as a lever. This movement can be fast, but has never been reported to include sudden jumps. In contrast, both investigatedTanycyprisspecies show an extraordinarily fast movement, especially when disturbed. Recordings with a high-speed camera were made, shooting horizontally into a 1.5-mm-thick micro-aquarium. The fast movement could be identified as a powerful jump, much resembling the movement of a catapult, propelled by a very rapid repulsion of the caudal rami from the ground. Although sized only around 1 mm, the observed specimens reached top speeds of up to 0.75 ms−1. Anatomically, this speed is obtained by the exceptional length of the caudal rami inTanycypris, combined with a well-developed musculature, which stretches from a broadened posterior end of soft body along the so-called ‘caudal rami attachment’. The jump itself resembles that of springtails or fleas, where the jump is powered by the energy previously stored in an elastic proteinaceous material; however, inTanycyprisno such mechanism could be detected and thus the energy for the catapult-like jump must be considered muscular, possibly aided by tendon-like structures and/or a mechanism involving a muscular pre-tension by a click-joint as recorded for Squillids.
New methods for collecting Ostracoda (Crustacea) in stony sediments with methodological remarks on the separation of ostracods from sediment
Authors: Scharf Burkhard , Adler Anja , Viehberg Finn A. 
Published: September 2014

New methods for sampling ostracods are described specifically for hyporheic environments and coarse sediments (i.e., pebbles and rocks). The main module is a diaphragm pump that establishes an artificial current strong enough to force individuals from their habitat. Two other methods are presented for separating living ostracods from sediment samples taking advantage of their biological and physical properties: (1) emigration out of a basket; (2) harvesting ostracods floating on the water surface.