bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling climate change impacts on lake ice and snow demonstrates breeding habitat decline of the endangered Saimaa ringed seal
Authors: Jakkila Juho , Auttila Miina , Tuukkanen Tapio , Veijalainen Noora 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSnowdrifts on lake ice provide vital breeding habitats for the endangered Saimaa ringed seal. In this study, a lake ice model of Watershed Simulation and Forecasting System (WSFS-Ice) was developed for improved estimation of ice and snow conditions in Lake Saimaa during the pupping season of the Saimaa ringed seal. The WSFS-Ice model is based on energy balance, enabling reliable estimation of the ice cover evolution in current and future climate. In addition, a simple snowdrift model was used to simulate formation of snowdrifts, which are essential for the seals breeding success in Lake Saimaa. The model was calibrated against ice thickness, ice type and snow depth measurements. According to our results based on climate scenarios with intermediate representative concentration pathway (RCP4.5), the breeding habitat of the Saimaa ringed seal is significantly deteriorating during the twenty-first century. The mean depth of the snowdrifts is projected to decrease approximately to half from the 1981–2010 to 2070–99 period and at the same time the ice-covered period is reduced by one and a half months. During the mildest winters the ice cover is projected to melt even before the pupping season has ended. The results highlight the importance of climate change mitigation and active conservation measures to enhance seal population growth, enabling it to survive in a changing climate.
Exploring the relationship between teachers’ competencies in AI-TPACK and digital proficiency
Authors: Hava Kevser , Babayiğit Özgür 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in educational settings. As a result, it is essential to assess teachers’ competencies in Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) as it pertains to AI and examine the factors that influence these competencies. This study aims to analyze the impact of digital proficiency on teachers’ AI-TPACK competencies. The study utilized a correlational survey model and involved 401 teachers from various provinces and departments in Turkey. The data collection tools included a personal information form, an AI-TPACK scale, and a digital proficiency scale. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The research findings revealed that teachers’ AI-TPACK competencies were below average, whereas their levels of digital proficiency were above average. Furthermore, a significant relationship between teachers’ AI-TPACK and digital proficiency levels was identified, with digital proficiency as a significant predictor of AI-TPACK competencies. Based on the research findings, recommendations for future studies are provided.
Study Demands–Resources Theory: Understanding Student Well-Being in Higher Education
Authors: Bakker Arnold B. , Mostert Karina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article reviews the literature on student well-being (burnout and engagement) and their relationships with study demands and resources, student behaviors (proactive and self-undermining study behaviors), and student outcomes in higher education. Building on research that used Job Demands–Resources and Study Demands–Resources models to investigate student well-being, we develop the Study Demands–Resources (SD–R) theory to delineate the various processes, mechanisms, and behaviors involved in student burnout and engagement. Study demands and resources have unique and combined effects on higher education students’ well-being. In addition, students can influence their own well-being and study-related outcomes by either proactively optimizing their study demands and resources or displaying self-undermining behaviors that can adversely affect their study environment. We discuss several avenues for future research, including (a) rigorous tests of SD–R propositions; (b) trait versus state effects in SD–R theory; (c) the impact of the higher education climate and lecturer influence; and (d) an expanded SD–R theory.
The HOPE cohort: cohort profile and evaluation of selection bias
Authors: Zacher Kjeldsen Mette-Marie , Mægbæk Merete Lund , Liu Xiaoqin , Madsen Malene Galle , Bliddal Mette , Egsgaard Sofie , Bang Madsen Kathrine , Munk-Olsen Trine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe HOPE cohort is a Danish nationwide cohort with ongoing follow-up, holding information on postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms and diagnoses on 170,218 childbirths (142,795 unique mothers). These data have been linked with extensive register data on health and socioeconomic information on the mothers, their partners, parents, and children. This cohort profile aimed to provide an overview of the data collection and content, describe characteristics, and evaluate potential selection bias. PPD screenings, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, were collected from 67 of the 98 Danish municipalities, covering the period January 2015 to December 2021. This data was linked with register data on PPD diagnoses (identified through medication prescriptions and hospital contacts) as well as background information. Cohort characteristics were compared to the source population, defined as all childbirths by women residing in Denmark during the same period (452,207 childbirths). Potential selection bias was evaluated by comparing odds ratios of five well-established associations between the cohort and the source population. The HOPE cohort holds information on 170,218 childbirths (38% of the source population) involving 142,795 unique mothers. The HOPE cohort only differed slightly from the source population on most characteristics examined, but larger differences were observed on specific characteristics with an underrepresentation of the youngest and oldest age groups, women with more than three children or twins/triplets, and women born outside Denmark. Similar associations were identified across the two populations within the five well-established associations. There was no indication of selection bias on the five examined associations, and the HOPE cohort is representative of the source population on important perinatal characteristics.
Quantifying the resistance of Australian wheat genotypes to Pratylenchus thornei based on a continuous metric from a factor analytic linear mixed model
Authors: Rognoni Bethany , Forknall Clayton R. , Simpfendorfer Steven , Daniel Richard , Neale Luke , Kelly Alison M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGenetic resistance to the parasitic root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei, is one of the main management strategies cereal growers can use to minimise the impact of nematodes on winter cereal cropping. Screening of genotypes in the presence of P. thornei populations must provide reliable resistance measures that are realised under field conditions. Adoption of the latest statistical methodologies can help to better differentiate between resistant and susceptible genotypes. In this study, post-harvest P. thornei population densities were measured from a collection of 17 field experiments, with varying starting P. thornei population densities, conducted between 2011 and 2018 in locations across the northern grain growing region of eastern Australia. The experiments primarily consisted of wheat genotypes. The post-harvest P. thornei population densities were analysed across multiple environments in a linear mixed model framework, with a factor analytic structure used to model genotype by environment (G $$\times$$
×
E) interaction effects exclusively for wheat genotypes. In general, genetic correlations between environments were found to be high, indicating limited G $$\times$$
×
E interaction for resistance to P. thornei. Post-processing of results using the factor analytic selection tools (FAST) method provided a measure of the overall performance for each wheat genotype, as well as a stability measure reflecting the consistency of the resistance status across environments. The FAST method quantified genotype resistance on a continuous scale, better reflecting the nature of genetic resistance based on a quantitative variable such as nematode population density, and provided a statistically robust and informative means of aiding selection decisions for resistance to P. thornei.
Cultivating Wheat in the Philippines, ca. 1600–1800 CE: Why a Grain Was Not Adopted by Local Populations
Authors: Findley David Max , Roberts Patrick 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStudying why newly introduced cultivars fail to make inroads with local populations is notoriously difficult, as these “rejected” crops often leave little or no physical evidence. Taking advantage of unusually ample historical documentation, this paper studies wheat’s introduction, dispersal, and sporadic cultivation in the Philippine archipelago, with an emphasis on the period between 1640 and 1670 CE when sustained wheat cultivation began near Manila. Using documents and comparisons to other cultivars imported during the Pacific Columbian Exchange, the paper identifies several independent barriers to wheat’s cultivation, all of which aligned to ensure wheat was never widely farmed by local populations.
Should we regulate forests through free trade agreements?
Authors: Grigoras Tamara 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe international forest regime—if there ever was such a thing—traditionally developed on the fringes of various environmental treaty regimes. In recent years, however, the regime’s boundaries have conquered new, historically hostile territories. The last two decades have indeed witnessed the emergence, and then proliferation, of a new generation of free trade agreements that incorporate commitments pertaining to forests. These commitments have developed along two lines: either through the establishment of linkages to pre-existing forest-related obligations enshrined in multilateral environmental agreements or through the creation of new forest commitments. To the extent that such trade-forest commitments have now become part and parcel of the international law governing forests, their existence raises important policy choice questions that have not been addressed yet. This article aims to fill this gap by answering the following question: should we, for the sake of the protection of our forests, welcome such a development or, on the contrary, oppose it? Using a legal-dogmatic approach, this article provides, based on a cross-study analysis of a selection of trade agreements including forest-related provisions, a doctrinal evaluation of the fitness of these commitments to achieve forest protection and identifies the opportunities and risks associated therewith. In so doing, this article debates the adequacy of international trade law for regulating forests.
Autistic Adults Avoid Unpredictability in Decision-Making
Authors: Macchia Ana , Albantakis Laura , Zebhauser Paul Theo , Brandi Marie-Luise , Schilbach Leonhard , Brem Anna-Katharine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDecision-making under unpredictable conditions can cause discomfort in autistic persons due to their preference for predictability. Decision-making impairments might furthermore be associated with a dysregulation of sex and stress hormones. This prospective, cross-sectional study investigated decision-making in 32 autistic participants (AP, 14 female) and 31 non-autistic participants (NAP, 20 female) aged 18–64 years. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Cambridge Risk Task (CRT) were used to assess decision-making under ambiguity and under risk with known outcome probabilities, respectively. Cortisol, estradiol, and testosterone serum levels were related to decision-making performance. Groups did not differ in overall IGT and CRT performance, but compared with NAP, AP preferred less profitable card decks with predictable outcomes while avoiding those with unpredictable outcomes. AP required more time to reach decisions compared to NAP. Additionally, AP without comorbid depression performed significantly worse than NAP in the IGT. Estradiol and cortisol concentrations were significant predictors of CRT scores in NAP, but not in AP. The study results imply that AP are ‘risk-averse’ in decision-making under ambiguity as they avoided choice options with unpredictable losses in comparison to NAP. Our findings highlight the intolerance for uncertainty, particularly in ambiguous situations. Thus, we recommend being as transparent and precise as possible when interacting with autistic individuals. Future research should explore decision-making in social situations among individuals with ASD, factoring in person-dependent variables such as depression.
Tiny but mighty mayfly - probing Prosopistoma pennigerum (Müller 1785) as the Flagship species for the Vjosa Wild River National Park
Authors: Schwingshackl Thea , Martini Jan , Yegon Mourine , Singer Gabriel , Vitecek Simon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe recently created Vjosa Wild River National Park sets precedence at the European scale to protect a rare river ecosystem and, at the same time, the last refuge of the almost extinct mayfly Prosopistoma pennigerum (Müller 1785, Fig. 1). We extensively searched for the species in the Vjosa and five abiotically similar but fragmented surrounding rivers. To characterize the genetic diversity of the Vjosa population and assess its potential as a source population, we analysed partial mtCOI data. Besides high abundances in the Vjosa River, we observed only a few specimens in the free-flowing section of the Osumi River, but in no other investigated river although suitable habitat appears to be widely available at site-scale. Molecular analysis of 174 specimens revealed largely homogeneous sequences across all sampling sites and an almost 100% infection rate with Wolbachia sp. that suggests parthenogenetic reproduction, possibly as a strategy to increase resilience to high natural disturbance dynamics. We argue that P. pennigerum should serve as a flagship species for the Vjosa Wild River National Park. The species is exceptionally aesthetic, and its most viable, but apparently parthenogenetic populations are restricted to the Vjosa River where the species is widespread. The restricted regional distribution indicates only weak (or no) potential to recolonize and/or re-establish in other rivers, and the absence from fragmented rivers suggests dependence on high ecological integrity. Implications for conservation: Our findings thus sanction our nomination of P. pennigerum as the flagship species for the Vjosa Wild River National Park.
Molecular and Crystal Structures of Some Bromocymantrenes
Authors: Sünkel Karlheinz , Klein-Heßling Christian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCrystals of mono- and dibromo as well as two isomeric tribromocymantrenes [Mn(C5H5-nBrn)(CO)2(PPh3)] (n = 1–3) were obtained and examined by X-ray diffraction. The degree of substitution has only minor influence on bond lengths and angles. However, the relative orientations of bromo substituents and PPh3 ligand as well as relative orientation of the cyclopentadienyl ring and the MnC2P tripod are sensitive to the number and position of bromines. All compounds show weak Br…O interactions, mostly combined with hydrogen bonds, while Br…Br interactions are unimportant. These interactions lead to sometimes complicated chain structures.
Graphical Abstract
In the crystal structures of the bromocymantrenes [Mn(C5H5-nBrn)(CO)2(PPh3)] (n = 1–3) a combination of H bonds and Br…O/Br…Br interactions leads to one-dimensional molecular chains or double-chains, which are not further connected in the other dimensions.
Aligning adaptation and sustainability agendas: lessons from protected areas
Authors: Múnera-Roldán Claudia , Colloff Matthew J. , Pittock Jamie , van Kerkhoff Lorrae 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNations worldwide are committing to international environmental agreements and defining aspirational goals aligned with their sustainable development priorities and responsibilities. The post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework is an example of such aspirations. Under this framework, nations aim to expand protected areas or create new ones as one way to integrate conservation and climate change agendas. However, implementing those high-level agreements does not necessarily align with local realities and dynamics. In this paper we examined the operational challenges experienced by protected areas actors to adapt conservation strategies to climate change. Based on interviews at the local level and a policy analysis, we identify adaptation narratives and explore potential mismatches in their implementation at the national and local level (protected areas) in three countries: Australia, Colombia, and South Africa. We assess how local visions and interpretations of adaptation align with high-level policies and how existing institutional arrangements facilitate or constrain the implementation of adaptation and, therefore, aspirations for long-term sustainability. We found that adaptation narratives at the local level are framed by common ideas and identities based on local relations within a territory. At the same time, existing governance arrangements and political contexts determine the feasibility of adaptation. The primary mismatches are high-level political and economic interests denoting different interpretations about the territory and of local realities, including the readiness, technical, and resource capacity of protected areas actors to implement adaptation. Place-based adaptation provides a common ground for scaling adaptation. However, scaling adaptation requires enabling institutional contexts, clear rules and policies to facilitate deliberations and coordinated responses across different actors and sectors, while guiding the uptake and integration of local needs and realities within national agendas.
Biomimetic nanoparticle-driven strategies for targeted drug delivery in glioblastoma
Authors: Panchal Khushi N. , Mutalik Srinivas , Manikkath Jyothsna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM), the most prevalent primary brain tumor in adults, remains highly challenging due to its invasive nature, limited treatment effectiveness, and short median survival durations. Standard of care includes surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and tumor treating fields; however, there has been little improvement in survival rates. Biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs), coated with cell membranes and endogenous components, have immense potential for improving chemotherapy in GBM, by imitating cellular architecture and eluding immune clearance. With more individualized and efficient drug delivery, immunotherapeutic approaches and biomimetic NPs may increase patient survival rates. This article summarizes the main research on biomimetic NPs for GBM therapy, focusing on the classification, mechanisms, advantages, and challenges, along with the advancements in the development of GBM vaccines.
Climate risk assessment of the fisheries in Namibia
Authors: Engelhard Georg H. , Bova Chris , Gusha M. Natanah C. , Harrod Olivia L. , Kadhila Timoteus , Kanyimba Alex , Khan Usman , Kreiner Anja , Nghipangelwa Sandy , Olwage Elsemi , Pinnegar John K. , Potts Warren , Rivers Nina , Shakalela Elize , Snow Bernadette , Tshiningayamwe Sirkka , Unengu Ursula , Veii Angelika , Warikandwa Tapiwa V. , Wilhelm Margit R. , Hyder Kieran 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn Namibia, fisheries are important for food security and protein provisioning, income generation and trade; but they are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Not only does climate change impact the marine living resources crucial to fisheries; but changes in weather, currents and storminess are affecting the safety and effectiveness of fishing. Here we ask: What are the key risks from climate change to the eight large-scale fishery sectors of Namibia, and for the recreational and small-scale (artisanal) fisheries? For each fishery sector, we assessed three main risk components: (1) climate hazard exposure; (2) fish species sensitivity; and (3) socio-economic vulnerability. In combination, these three risk components are then used to calculate the overall climate risk for each fishery. Climate hazard exposure was assessed as highest for the small-scale, recreational, and rock lobster fisheries. Species sensitivities were highest for the rock lobster and crab fisheries, followed by monkfish trawlers, hake liners and hake trawlers. Socio-economic vulnerability was highest for the small pelagic fishery (linked to the collapse of pilchard). The overall climate risk emerged as greatest for the rock lobster fishery, followed by the (highly marginalised) small-scale artisanal fishery. The key risks by sector emerging from this assessment, informed five stakeholder workshops held across Namibia in 2023, attended by representatives of each sector and aimed at exploring options for climate adaptation. Based on these, we discuss potential adaptation measures that could reduce risk and minimise consequences, in support of improved climate resilience in Namibian fisheries.
Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor work environments by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Marchesiello Wadir Mario Valentino , Spadaccino Giuseppina , Usman Muhammad , Nardiello Donatella , Quinto Maurizio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are continuously emitted into the atmosphere from natural and anthropogenic sources and rapidly spread from the atmosphere to different environments. A large group of VOCs has been included in the class of air pollutants; therefore, their determination and monitoring using reliable and sensitive analytical methods represents a key aspect of health risk assessment. In this work, an untargeted approach is proposed for the evaluation of the exposure to volatile organic compounds of workers in an engine manufacturing plant by GC–MS measurements, coupled with solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The analytical procedure was optimized in terms of SPME fiber, adsorption time, desorption time, and temperature gradient of the chromatographic run. For the microextraction of VOCs, the SPME fibers were exposed to the air in two different zones of the manufacturing factory, i.e., in the mixing painting chamber and the engine painting area. Moreover, the sampling was carried out with the painting system active and running (system on) and with the painting system switched off (system off). Overall, 212 compounds were identified, but only 17 were always present in both zones (mixing painting chamber and engine painting area), regardless of system conditions (on or off). Finally, a semi-quantitative evaluation was performed considering the peak area value of the potentially most toxic compounds by multivariate data analyses.