bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clustering of methamphetamine users based on personality characteristics and self-efficacy in the west of Iran
Authors: Ahmadi Jouybari Touraj , Zakiei Ali , Salemi Safora , Lak Zahra , Mohebian Mahsa , Castaldelli-Maia João Maurício , Bajoghli Hafez , Hookari Sara , Kamani Mehran 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the substantial increase in the use of stimulants, especially methamphetamine, in recent years, the present study aimed to cluster methamphetamine users based on personality traits and self-efficacy, and compare their mental health, sleep quality, and the risk of relapse in the identified clusters. This cross-sectional study was conducted through convenience sampling on 501 methamphetamine users in addiction treatment centers in Kermanshah, western Iran. The data were collected using the Schwarzer General Self-Efficacy Scale, Zuckerman–Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire, Goldberg and Hiller General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Zuckerman–Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire, and Stimulant Relapse Risk Scale (SRRS). A total of 501 methamphetamine users were distinguished into three clusters with frequencies of 111 (22.2%), 298 (59.5%), and 92 (18.4%) members through hierarchical cluster analysis. The participants in the first cluster were characterized by low self-efficacy, high neuroticism, sensation seeking, and aggressiveness, along with low extroversion and activity, low positive health, high negative health, low sleep quality, and high risk of drug relapse. The participants in the second cluster reported moderate levels of self-efficacy, neuroticism, sensation seeking, activity, and aggressiveness, high extroversion, and moderate levels of mental health, sleep quality, and the risk of relapse. Moreover, the participants in the third cluster reported the highest level of self-efficacy, the lowest level of neuroticism, sensation seeking, and aggressiveness, moderate extroversion and high activity, low relapse risk, high sleep quality, as well as high positive and low negative health symptoms. The third cluster was significantly different from the other two clusters in terms of the mentioned factors. The findings of this study suggest that low self-efficacy and the presence of neuroticism, sensation seeking, and high aggressiveness contribute to reduced mental health and sleep quality, as well as an increased risk of relapse in methamphetamine users.
Analysis of size effect and its influencing factors of brittle red sandstone with different heights
Authors: Chen Feng , Du Jinyang , Tang Chun’an , Du Yanhong , Pan Yishan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe carried out uniaxial compression tests on brittle red sandstone with different heights. The test results show that the uniaxial compressive strength of rock sample increases first and then tends to be stable with the increase of the size, which is approximately stable between 75 and 81 MPa. Both elastic energy and dissipated energy increase with the increase of rock sample size. In order to further analyze the mechanism behind these phenomena, we combined advanced numerical simulation and theoretical analysis to explain these phenomena, and systematically analyzed the end face effect as one of the key factors affecting the uniaxial compression characteristics of brittle red sandstone for the first time. Small sized rock samples are very sensitive to end effect. The middle of the large sized rock samples is in a uniform compression state, and the effect of end effect is weakend. When there are rigid pads at both ends of the rock sample, there is an obvious elastic vertebral body during the loading process of the rock sample. The bearing capacity of rock samples with rigid pads is greater than that of rock samples without rigid pads, and the energy released during instantaneous failure of rock samples without rigid pads is greater than that of rock samples with rigid pads. The findings of this paper make a valuable contribution to establishing optimal study sample sizes and advancing the utilization of laboratory test mechanics parameters in engineering applications.
Characteristics of emergency department visits among older adults with hearing difficultly during the COVID19 pandemic in the US
Authors: Yu Juebo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHearing difficulty (HD) may be associated with an increased frequency of emergency department (ED) visits among older adults. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the health of older adults. However, less is known about the characteristics of ED visits by older adults with HD during the pandemic. This study examines the association between self-reported HD severity and ED visits during the pandemic. This population-based cross-sectional study used self-reported data on HD and the characteristics of respondents aged 65 years or older from three cycles of the National Health Interview Survey from 2020 to 2022. Data were analysed from February 23, 2023, to March 22, 2023. The primary outcome was self-reported ED visits in the past 12 months. This study employed generalised linear models to examine the relationship between ED visits (dependent variable) and HD in older adults, and the effect sizes were expressed as rate ratios. Key independent variables included the reasons for ED visit. Covariates such as demographic characteristics and socio-economic status were controlled for to account for potential confounding effects. During the pandemic, older adults with HD commonly visited the ED because of chronic pain (82.8%), frailty (77.9%), trouble falling/staying asleep (73.2%), hypertension (67.4%), and arthritis (60.1%), all of which were 1.5-times more likely in these adults than in those with normal hearing (chronic pain: adjusted rate ratio [ARR], 1.64 [95% CI 1.44–1.93]; frailty: ARR, 1.57 [95% CI 1.16–1.87]; trouble falling/staying asleep: ARR, 1.51 [95% CI 1.21–1.82]; hypertension: ARR, 1.01 [95% CI 0.92–1.23]; arthritis: ARR, 1.39 [95% CI 1.31–1.57]. Older adults with HD were more likely to visit the ED for chronic pain, frailty, trouble falling/staying asleep, hypertension, and arthritis than those with normal hearing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings will be help for healthcare providers to be aware of these potential barriers and to implement strategies to ensure that patients with hearing difficulties can access necessary emergency care effectively.
Projecting the impact of climate change on honey bee plant habitat distribution in Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Gebremedhn Haftom , Gebrewahid Yikunoamlak , Haile Gebremedhin Gebremeskel , Hadgu Gebre , Atsbha Tesfay , Hailu Teweldemedhn Gebretinsae , Bezabih Gebreamlak 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClimate change significantly affects the diversity, growth, and survival of indigenous plant species thereby influencing the nutrition, health and productivity of honey bees (Apis mellifera). Hypoestes forskaolii (Vahl) is one of the major honey bee plant species in Ethiopia’s Tigray region. It is rich in pollen and nectar that typically provides white honey, which fetches a premium price in both local and inter-national markets. Despite its socio-economic and apicultural significance, the distribution of H. forskaolii has been declining, raising concerns regarding its conservation efforts. However, there is limited knowledge on how environmental and climatic factors affect its current distribution and response to future climate change. The study investigates the current and projected (the 2030s, 2050s, 2070s, and 2090s) habitat distributions of H. forskaolii under three future climate change scenarios (ssp126, ssp245, and ssp585) using the Maximum Entropy Model (MaxEnt). The results show that land use (50.1%), agro-ecology (28%), precipitation during the Driest Quarter (11.2%) and soil texture (6.1%) predominantly influence the distribution of H. forskaolii, collectively explaining 95.4% of the model's predictive power. Habitats rich in evergreen trees and mosaic herbaceous with good vegetation cover are identified as the most suitable for H. forskaolii. The spatial distribution of H. forskaolii is concentrated in the highlands and mid-highlands of the eastern and southern parts of Tigray, characterized by a colder temperature. Across the three climate change scenarios, the size of suitable habitat for H. forskaolii is projected to decrease over the four time periods studied. Predictions under the ssp585 scenario reveal alarming results, indicating a substantial decrease in the suitable habitat for H. forskaolii from 4.26% in the 2030s to 19.09% in the 2090s. Therefore, given the challenges posed by climate change, research efforts should focus on identifying and evaluating new technologies that can help the H. forskaolii species in adapting and mitigating the effects of climate change.
Design, modeling, and control of a long stroke compliant tip-tilt-piston micropositioning stage driven by voice coil motors
Authors: Li Peixing , Chen Yunzhuang , Xie Chao , Xu Zhihao , Lai Leijie , Zhu Limin 
Published: July 2024

In this paper, a long-stroke parallel compliant tip-tilt-piston micropositioning stage driven by voice coil motors (VCMs) is proposed. The stage is equipped with three sets of driving arms, which include a spherical hinge, VCM, and parallelogram guide mechanism, evenly spaced at 120° intervals. The spherical hinge is composed of orthogonal leaf-spring beams, and the VCM is embedded into the parallelogram mechanism to form a compact design. The compliance matrix method and the geometric method facilitated the determination of compliance in all six degree-of-freedom directions of the spherical hinge and the derivation of kinematic equations for decoupling the motion of the stage. In addition, finite element analysis was utilized to determine the maximum stroke and stress of the stage. To validate the proposed design, a stage prototype was constructed and subjected to experimental testing. Furthermore, a feedback controller was designed, integrating proportional integral controller, notch filter, and sliding mode controller feedforward. The experimental results indicate that the stage can achieve a long stroke of ±50.75 mrad × ±44.2 mrad × ±4.425 mm, with the natural frequencies in the three-axis direction of 22.3 × 25.5 × 25.5 Hz3. In addition, the maximum relative tracking error was maintained below 5.25%, highlighting the effectiveness of the control technique in achieving a high tracking performance.
A miniature multi-anvil apparatus using diamond as anvils—MDAC: Multi-axis diamond anvil cell
Authors: Shen Guoyin , Ferry Richard , Kenney-Benson Curtis , Rod Eric 
Published: July 2024

The diamond anvil cell (DAC) has been widely used in high-pressure research. Despite significant progress over the past five decades, the opposed anvil geometry in the DAC inevitably leads to a disk-shaped sample configuration at high pressure. This intrinsic limitation is largely responsible for the large pressure and temperature gradients in the DAC, which often compromise precise experiments and their characterizations. We designed and fabricated a multi-axis diamond anvil cell (MDAC) by adopting the concept of a multi-anvil apparatus but using single crystal diamonds as the anvil material. Preliminary data show that the MDAC can generate extreme pressure conditions above 100 GPa. The advantages of the MDAC over a traditional opposed anvil DAC include thicker, voluminous samples, quasi-hydrostatic, or designed deviatoric stress conditions, and multidirectional access windows for optical applications and x-ray probes. In this article, we present the design and performance of a prototype MDAC, as well as the application prospects in high-pressure research.
Evaluation of an x-ray multilayer mirror for radiography at sub-1-keV photon energies
Authors: Stoeckl C. , Begishev I. A. , Dauphin N. , Mileham C. , Ichimaru S. , Hatayama M. , Rosenberg M. J. 
Published: July 2024

An x-ray multilayer mirror on a spherical substrate designed for near-normal incidence with a photon energy of ∼738 eV (F Heα) was procured and tested. This device is intended to be used for in-flight radiography of the shell in inertial confinement fusion experiments with cryogenic targets on the OMEGA laser at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics. Experiments in self-emission on a small (∼10 J) laser system showed that the reflectivity of the mirror is high enough to record an image at laser energies as low as 0.1 J. A second set of tests in backlighting geometry on a larger (kJ)-scale, short-pulse laser yielded usable radiographs with laser energies as low as 40 J with a spatial resolution of ∼10 μm.
The decline, fall, and rise of a large urban colonising bird
Authors: Hall Matthew J. , Martin John M. , Burns Alicia L. , Hochuli Dieter F. 
Published: July 2024

Context The process of urbanisation results in dramatic landscape changes with long-lasting and sometimes irreversible consequences for the biota as urban sensitive species are eliminated. The Australian brush-turkey (Alectura lathami) is a recent urban colonist despite atypical traits for an urban adapter. Contrary to observed range declines and initial reports of decreased reproductive success in cities, Australian brush-turkeys have increased their range in urban areas. Aims Historical atlas and present citizen science data were used to examine the changing distribution of the Australian brush-turkey at continental and city scales, and the changing land use in urban areas occupied by the species. We assess which environmental and landscape features are driving observed distribution changes over time. Methods We describe and map changes at the continental scale between 1839–2019. We then assessed colonisation of the cities of Brisbane and Sydney (located 900 km apart) over the period 1960–2019. At the city scale, we quantified the changing land use within Australian brush-turkey occupied areas over time using classification of satellite imagery. Key results The Australian brush-turkey’s geographical range has shifted over the last century, with the species receding from the western and southwestern parts of their range, while expanding in the northwest. Areas occupied in the cities of Brisbane and Sydney have expanded, with more recently occupied areas containing less vegetation and more developed land than previously occupied areas. Conclusions Our results confirm that Australian brush-turkeys are successfully colonising urban areas, including major cities, and are likely to continue moving into urban areas, despite declines elsewhere in their natural range. The species is not limited to suburbs with a high proportion of greenspace, as Australian brush-turkeys are increasingly occurring in highly developed areas with limited vegetation. Implications This study highlights that species which were locally extirpated from urban areas, and thought to be unlikely candidates for recolonisation, can successfully occupy human modified habitats. Successful expansion is likely to be associated with key behavioural traits, urban greening, and legal protection from human persecution.
PDMS micro check valve with 3D valve disk for reducing fluid resistance
Authors: Lee Seonghyeon , Ma Yunhao , Jung Woojun , Lee Chaewon , Hwang Yongha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Check valves are essential components in various biomedical, chemical, medical diagnostic, and process applications, as they allow fluid flow in the forward direction while blocking the reverse flow. This paper presents a method to enhance the performance of unibody micro check valves composed of polydimethylsiloxane using 3D design and printing technologies. Passive micro check valves, which are known for their structural simplicity, miniaturization, and light weight, have shown improved performance with the application of 3D valve disks formed via 3D printing technology. The performance of various valve disk designs was evaluated using simulations and experiments, which revealed that cone-shaped 3D valve disks offer a 58.33% improvement in blocking pressure performance compared to traditional two-dimensional designs. This underscores the potential for efficient fluid control in micro check valves using 3D structures while highlighting the importance of 3D printing technology in the design and manufacturing processes of microfluidic devices.
Ambient air-compatible in-situ characterizations of metal halide perovskite for high-efficiency solar cells
Authors: Guo Yanru , Luo Xiaojia , Han Jinge , Tong Haochen , Liu Xue , Li Ru 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Long-term stability and power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells are strongly affected by their precursor compositions and intermediate phases during the fabrication process. In general, complex chemical reactions happen in a short time scale during the nucleation and crystal growth steps. However, the ex-situ characterization probes cannot capture the dynamics of perovskite film formation and degradation. In this review, we discussed the ambient air-compatible in-situ characterization probes that are used to monitor the evolution of the structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties of perovskite films, which provides a deep understanding of the perovskite crystal formation process.
Influence of humidity and air pressure on thrust characteristics of ion wind propulsion systems
Authors: Zhao Yaoxun , Chen She , Li Kelin , Wang Tianwei , Wang Feng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Ion wind propulsion systems have potential applications in the field of unmanned aerial vehicle due to their compactness, quiet operation, and simple design. Previous studies have focused on the influences of power source, electrode arrangement, size, and shape on the output thrust characteristics. However, few studies have been performed on the environmental conditions, which can be beneficial for the practical applications of ion wind aircraft in various climatic conditions. In this work, a measurement platform of the output characteristics of ion wind propulsion system under various environmental conditions has been established. The experimental pressure range was 1–0.7 atm, and the relative humidity (RH) range was 30%–92%. The effects of air pressure and humidity, and voltage level on the thrust, thrust-to-power radio (TPR) corona current have been investigated. The results showed that the corona current and thrust of the wire-wing electrode array decreased with RH within the range of 30%– to 80%. Under higher humidity, the corona current and thrust tend to increase at most voltage levels. Moreover, the thrust and current both decreased with reduced pressure when keeping the voltage-to-pressure ratio (U/P) unchanged. It was also found that the thrust was roughly proportional to the square of the pressure. Finally, the possible explanations of the coupled influences on the output characteristics were discussed.
Quantum number conservation: a tool in the design and analysis of high energy experiments
Authors: Newman D J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Clifford Unification algebra Cl
7,7 is shown to provide a unified description of all the elementary fermions and hadrons in terms of seven binary quantum numbers. Four of these are defined in existing theories, namely spin-direction, fermion/anti-fermion pairing and the two commuting generators in the SU(3) description of quark colour. A Cl
3,3 sub-algebra integrates the Cl
1,3 space-time and Dirac algebras providing a new definition of time direction and identifying parity as a new quantum number. A further two quantum numbers are related to the commuting generators of an SU(3) description of fermion generations. All seven are conserved in the decays and interactions of charged particles, suggesting that quantum number conservation provides a useful tool in the design and interpretation of high energy experiments. This is especially relevant when neutral particles and parity are involved.
Rashba splitting in polar-nonpolar sandwich heterostructure: a DFT study
Authors: Bhattacharya Sanchari , Datta Sanjoy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this study, we employ density functional theory based first-principles calculations to investigate the spin-orbit effects in the electronic structure of a polar-nonpolar sandwich heterostructure namely

LaAlO
3

/

SrTiO
3

/

LaAlO
3

. Our focus on the

Ti-3d

bands reveals an inverted ordering of the

SrTiO
3

-

t

2
g

orbital near the n-type interface, which is consistent with earlier experimental work. In contrast, toward the p-type interface, the orbital ordering aligns with the natural ordering of

SrTiO
3

orbitals, influenced by crystal field splitting. In the presence of SOC, a notable inter-orbital coupling between

t

2
g

and

e
g

orbitals is observed within the tetragonal slab, a phenomenon not reported before in the

SrTiO
3

-based 2D systems. Additionally, our observations highlight that the cubic Rashba splitting in this system surpasses the linear Rashba splitting, contrary to experimental findings. This comprehensive analysis contributes to a refined understanding of the role of orbital mixing in Rashba splitting in the sandwich oxide heterostructures.
Tunable charge transport properties in non-stoichiometric SrIrO3 thin films
Authors: Suresh Sreya , Sadhu Sai Pavan Prashanth , Mishra Vikash , Paulus Werner , Ramachandra Rao M S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Delving into the intricate interplay between spin-orbit coupling and Coulomb correlations in strongly correlated oxides, particularly perovskite compounds, has unveiled a rich landscape of exotic phenomena ranging from unconventional superconductivity to the emergence of topological phases. In this study, we have employed pulsed laser deposition technique to grow SrIrO3 (SIO) thin films on SrTiO3 substrates, systematically varying the oxygen content during the post-deposition annealing. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provided insights into the stoichiometry and spin-orbit splitting energy of Iridium within the SIO film, while high-resolution x-ray studies meticulously examined the structural integrity of the thin films. Remarkably, our findings indicate a decrease in the metallicity of SIO thin films with reduced annealing O2 partial pressure. Furthermore, we carried out magneto-transport studies on the SIO thin films, the results revealed intriguing insights into spin transport as a function of oxygen content. The tunability of the electronic band structure of SIO films with varying oxygen vacancy is correlated with the density functional theory calculations. Our findings elucidate the intricate mechanisms dictating spin transport properties in SIO thin films, offering invaluable guidance for the design and optimization of spintronic devices based on complex oxide materials. Notably, the ability to tune bandwidth by varying post-annealing oxygen partial pressure in iridate-based spintronic materials holds significant promise for advancing technological applications in the spintronics domain.
Screw dislocation dipoles in niobium: combination of STM observations and atomistic simulations
Authors: Bonneville J , Coupeau C , Douin J , Gröger R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We recently developed an experimental device that allows us to observe the slip traces under stress at the atomic scale. Here, we report experimental results obtained at the latter scale on Nb single crystals making it possible to observe dislocation dipoles (DD), which are evidenced by two slip traces formed by emerging moving dislocations of opposite Burgers vectors ending very close to each other. The geometry and stability of the DD were fully characterized in the framework of linear anisotropic elasticity theory and by atomistic simulations. This allows us to calculate a local opposite stress impeding dislocation motion of the dislocations of the dipole.