bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Office Editorial 
Published: August 2012

Met trots bied ons die tweede uitgawe van In die Skriflig van 2007 aan. Ek wil dadelik van die geleentheid gebruik maak om ons administratiewe personeel, met Susan Lourens aan die spits geluk te wens met die puik tegniese afronding van die tydskrif. In die Skriflig het sy plek ingeneem as een van die bekende en wyd-verspreide teologiese tydskrifte in Suid-Afrika. Die publikasie van navorsing in wetenskaplik geakkrediteerde tydskrifte neem toe en daarmee saam debatte, interaksie en nuwe standpuntvorming. In die Skriflig wil steeds poog om in hierdie milieu ’n reformatoriese perspektief te stel. Hierdie perspektief moet wortel in die hoofstroom gereformeerde teologie wat sedert die Reformasie ontwikkel het en nie versand in fundamentalisme of sekularisering nie.
Die “kerklike gesag” van kerkvergaderings soos in die kerkorde van die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk
Authors: Strauss P. J. 
Published: August 2012

The ecclesiastical authority of the assemblies in church as in the church order of the Dutch Reformed Church The point in discussion in this article is Article 20.1 of the church order of the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC). In accept- ing the first version of this church order, the first general synod of the DRC in 1962 used the church order of 1959 of the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (RCN) as an example. The exact wording of Article 20.1 happened to be part of the latter. Article 20.1 gives an indication of the authority of assemblies because this is nowhere else attended to in the church order of the DRC. It explains that the authority of church governing bodies like assemblies comes from Christ. He as the actual Head of the church lends authority to these assemblies, without abdicating his position as the Head of his church. He remains the Source and Owner of ecclesiastical authority. This means that ecclesiastical authority is founded and based on the Word of God by which it sumultaneously is limited. In exercising it’s authority, an assembly is also bound to do it in accordance with the character of the church. To speak of authority in the church is not in conflict with the character of the church as a community of believers connected by love.
Probleme rondom die verklaring van die Bybel in die gereformeerde teologie: ’n Christelik-filosofiese besinning
Authors: Van der Walt B. J. 
Published: August 2012

Problems in interpreting the Bible in reformed theology: a Christian-philosophical reflection It is becoming evident that previous convictions about the nature of the Bible as well as the ways in which it should be interpreted, are not convincing anymore. The resulting uncer- tainty is causing division and tension among reformed theolo- gies and churches in South Africa. This Christian-philosophical reflection intends to help clarify some of the issues. A previous article (cf. Van der Walt, 2008d) was focused mainly on a view of Scripture itself, while the present article concentrates on its interpretation. However, to be able to read the Bible correctly, one has to know exactly what kind of book it is – how it is qualified. The first main section, therefore, discusses what it means to view the Bible as a book of faith. The following section provides an overview of the traditional hermeneutical methods, including the most popular among reformed scholars. In the third part attention is given to the “hermeneutical revolultion” since the last part of the previous century. Since not only the ancient Bible text, but also the present-day reader are regarded as important today, one’s worldview and philosophy have become vital determining elements in reading Scripture. The last sec- tion, therefore, discusses the relationship between worldview and exegesis. As one’s worldview influences one’s exegesis, one can not deny or try to hide one’s worldviewish presuppo- sitions. At the same time, however, one should be aware of the dangers associated with a Christian worldview. Thus, a few criteria for judging the correctness of a worldview will be mentioned in conclusion.
Kan die GKSA na 150 jaar beskou word as ’n stagnante kerkgemeenskap? Ekumenies beoordeel
Authors: Smit C. J. 
Published: August 2012

Should the RCSA after a period of 150 years be considered as a stagnated church community? Evaluated from the point of view of ecumenicism The question is whether the Reformed Churches in South Africa (RCSA) should be considered as an isolated and thus a stagnated church community. To answer this question the de- velopment of ecumenicism in the RCSA should be traced. This could only be done after an examination of the Scriptural and historical meaning of the term “ecumenicism”. From the acts of the synods of the RCSA it is very clear that during the three phases of half a century each in the existence of the RCSA, from 1859 onwards, a very high premium was put on ecume- nical relations. The goal of these ecumenical relations was always pointed out as church unity. In this contribution the conclusion is made that the RCSA does not see herself as a church community who disposes ex- clusively of the truth of the Word. Church isolation – and there- fore church stagnation – is clearly not part of the RCSA’s agen- da; on the contrary, church isolation was always firmly con- tested by the RCSA on the basis of the Scriptures. The in- centive to bring together churches of reformed origin, in the interior and abroad, was always part of the RCSA’s view on what the church really stands for. However, there is a significant deficiency that should be noted. The specific meaning that Jesus adds to the concept “oikou- mené” (Matt. 24:14), namely the proclamation to “all the na- tions” of the whole world (“oikoumené”) regarding the world to come (Heb. 2:5) is not sufficiently emphasised but in actuality it is downplayed.
Uitgangspunte vir staatsoptrede in die <i>Institusie</i> van Calvyn soos vergelyk met uitgangspunte van Suid-Afrika se <i>Handves van Regte</i> (1996)
Authors: Strauss P.J. 
Published: August 2012

Points of departure for the state in the Institutes of Calvin compared with points of departure of the South African Bill of Rights (1996) In the last chapter of his “Institutes” the reformer John Calvin (1509-1564) concentrates on points of departure for the state and on the task of the state government. Calvin is strongly influenced by the Bible and sees the state government as being ordained by God to exercise justice in society. For him justice and fairness should be the norm for every law created by the state. The South African “Bill of Rights” is regarded as the highest law in the country. To prevent chaos or people exercising the law wrongly, the Constitution with the “Bill of Rights” in the final instance should be interpreted by the Constitutional Court. This makes South Africa a just state or a society governed by the constitution or law. Although Calvin, like the “Bill of Rights”, has a feeling for justice to all, he and the Bill part company on the important issue that the state should be seen as a servant of God.
Verlossing: van Pelagius tot Joseph Smith
Authors: Van Wyk H.F. 
Published: August 2012

Salvation: from Pelagius to Joseph Smith Every Christian church believes that she is a true church and proclaims that man can be saved and has eternal life. This dogma of salvation is usually based on the Bible as the Word of God. Mormons claim that Joseph Smith, founder and first president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, received a divine message to restore the church that Jesus had started. In studying the plan of salvation the Mormons proclaim it is quite clear that that way of salvation was not restored in their church, but that it followed a pattern of false doctrine that was revealed time and again in history. The core of their preaching of salvation is that man has the free will to choose his own salvation. Mormons are not the first to preach this message. This article will show that Pelagius oisty-kated the free will of man. In the Reformation the Anabaptists preached the same message, being a third movement next to the reformed and Roman Catholic believes. The Anabaptists became part of the churches of the Netherlands and at the Synod of Dordt the theology of the free will was rejected and answered. The dogma of the free will of man did not end at this Synod: 150 years later John Wesley preached the same message of salvation during his and Whitefield’s campaigns at the dawn of the nineteenth century in the USA. During this time Joseph Smith started to seek the true church and founded the Mormon Church. Although his theology differs quite strongly from the Methodist Church in which he grew up, the core of the way of salvation is the same: man has free will in choosing his salvation.
’n Teologies-etiese beoordeling van aftrede
Authors: De Beer E.J. 
Published: August 2012

A theological-ethical judgement of retirement Although retirement is a relatively new phenomenon on the la- bour scene, it is a phenomenon that is generally accepted. Re- tirement is only possible when people live long enough to retire and when there is enough financial provision to live without hav- ing to work. Older-growing populations coupled with a shortage of finances has in recent times led to a re-evaluation of retire- ment. In this article, retirement is judged theological-ethically with the aim to give biblical guidance to different role players on what their attitude toward retirement should be. Firstly, the historical development of retirement is explored after which the reasons why people retire are discussed. This is fol- lowed by an exploration of biblical principles regarding work and retirement. The most important principle is that God has created man as an ever-working being. The reasons why people retire are judged in the light of the set principles. The fall of man and the resulting consequences offer numerous reasons why peo- ple have to retire. The point of reference, however, should al- ways be that man should work as long as his abilities allow him to.
Urban and rural dimensions in post-disaster adjustment challenges in selected communities in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Adebimpe Raheem Usman 
Published: August 2012

Human populations are exposed to climate change directly through changing weather patterns as manifested in the more frequent extreme events and indirectly through changes in ecosystem functions. Rainstorm disasters are common events associated with environmental change and settlements in Kwara state, Nigeria were ravaged by rainstorm events between 2003 and 2006. More than 1000 households were displaced from their habitual homes with consequences for human health and other adjustment challenges. This paper examines the variations in the post-disaster adjustment challenges of rural and urban households so as to identify location specific intervention strategies in the domains of environ- ment and health of the victims. A sample of 200 households was drawn from all households affected by rainstorm disaster as reflected in the FEMA records during the period. A structured questionnaire was administered in addition to the secondary data and analyzed using relevant statistical techniques. The findings include that most households required support before replacing the roofs and/or walls of their homes. Sources of support however vary. Urban households received more institutional support but lower than the amount required for the renovation. A signifficant proportion of urban households moved to poorer homes where they faced challenges relating to the quality of environmental services. Many urban respondents also reported increases in the occurrence of water-borne and weather-related diseases and ailments. Rural households indicated no signi$cant ecological differences between their former homes and the areas to which they relocated. The paper concludes that signi$cant variations exist in the adjustment challenges faced by rural and urban dwellers after a disaster. Community efforts hold promise for emergency response particularly during disasters in rural areas.
The vegetation of three localities of the threatened butterfly species <i>Chrysoritis aureus</i> (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Authors: Terblanche R.F. , Morgenthal T.L. , Cilliers S.S. 
Published: August 2012

The vegetation and habitat characteristics of three localities of Chrysoritis aureus at theAlice Glockner Nature Reserve, Suikerbosrand Nature Reserve and Malanskraal farmnear Heidelberg in South Africa, were compared. A numerical classification technique,TWINSPAN, was used and refined by using Braun Blanquet procedures to classify thevegetation at the different localities. A DCA ordination was applied to confirm theresults of the classification. Although the general vegetation structure at the three habitats of Chrysoritis aureus were found to be similar, marked differences in the floristiccomposition were evidenced. A different sub-community, compared to the vegetation atSuikerbosrand and Alice Glockner Nature Reserve, was recorded at the Malanskraalhabitat of Chrysoritis aureus. These differences in floristic composition, but with similarities in vegetation structure, indicate the possible importance of fire for the ultimatesurvival of these butterflies in the Rocky Highveld Grassland. The host plant ofChrysoritis aureus, Clutia pulchella, collected at Malanskraal differed markedly andconsistently in their morphology, compared to the individuals from the habitats atSuikerbosrand and Alice Glockner Nature Reserve. These differences in the floristiccomposition of one of the habitats compared to the others, raise research questions concerning the butterfly metapopulation structure, since the subpopulations seem to beadapted to slightly different habitat conditions. The variation in the habitat suggests thatthe “last remaining locality scenario” for other localised butterflies in South Africa, suchas Orachrysops niobe, needs to be redressed. Management strategies are addressedwhile the importance of conserving rare, localised ecosystems are highlighted by thephytosociological study
Transcriptional Modulation of the ERK1/2 MAPK and NF-kB Pathways in Human Urothelial Cells After Trivalent Arsenical Exposure: Implications for Urinary Bladder Cancer
Authors: Kathryn    A.    Bailey  , Kathleen    Wallace  , Lisa    Smeester  , Sheau-Fung    Thai  , Douglas C. Wolf  , Stephen W. Edwards  , Rebecca C. Fry  
Published: August 2012

Chronic exposure to drinking water contaminated with inorganic arsenic (iAs) is associated with an increased risk of urinary bladder (UB) cancers in humans. The exact role of specific iAs metabolite(s) in As-mediated carcinogenesis remains largely unknown. Experimental evidence suggests that trivalent arsenicals, namely arsenite (iAsIII) and two of its metabolites, monomethylarsonous acid (MMAIII) and dimethylarsinous acid (DMAIII), are possible proximate UB carcinogens. Here, we used a transcriptomics approach to examine perturbed molecular pathways in a human urothelial cell line (UROtsa) after short-term exposure to iAsIII, MMAIII and DMAIII. Molecular pathways containing genes that encode proteins implicated in UB cancer development were perturbed by both MMAIII and DMAIII. These pathways included those of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK 1/2 MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB). Together, these results may inform the current understanding of effects in the UB induced by acute As exposure and the relationship of these effects with As-mediated carcinogenesis.
Tissue-Engineered “Metastases”: Treatment of Hepatic Colon Tumors with a Dual Action Autotaxin Inhibitor-Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Antagonist
Authors: Guanghui Yang  , Honglu Zhang  , Glenn D. Prestwich  
Published: August 2012

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) acts via G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to regulate critical cellular functions and pathophysiological levels of LPA or its receptors are linked to cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. LPA is biosynthesized by the lysophospholipase D activity of autotaxin(ATX/lysoPLD), a known factor for tumorigenesis. By attenuating both LPA signaling and LPA production, we expected to observe synergistic anti-cancer therapeutic effects. In vitro, treatment of human colon cancer cells (HCT 116) with BrP-LPA, a potent dual action ATX inhibitor and pan-LPA GPCR antagonist, significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Next, a tissue-engineered xenograft model to mimic hepatic metastasis of colon cancer was used to evaluate BrP-LPA efficacy in vivo. HCT 116 cells were suspended in Extracel™, a synthetic extracellular matrix (sECM), and injected directly into the livers of nude mice (n = 8). After 1 week, BrP-LPA in saline buffer was administered for two weeks by intraperitoneal injection (10 mg/kg) twice per week. Controls were injected with saline buffer only. The BrP-LPA treated group showed reduced liver tumor weight (p < 0.05) and reduced tumor volume (p < 0.05) relative to controls. This study is the first demonstration of the effects of a dual action ATX inhibitor/LPA antagonist on colon cancer cells, and the first example of a tissue-engineered hepatic colon cancer “metastases” as a platform for anti-cancer drug evaluation. The results suggest that attenuation of signaling through the LPA pathway offers a promising therapeutic target for reducing colon cancer growth and metastasis.
Entre l’art et la science : la littérature culinaire et la transformation des habitudes alimentaires au Québec
Authors: Coulombe1 Caroline 
Published: August 2012

Cet article analyse l’évolution des usages alimentaires contemporains au Québec, à travers l’examen de la littérature culinaire domestique. Son objectif est de mettre en lumière les principaux changements qui s’opèrent dans l’univers culinaire contemporain, comme révélateurs de transformations plus profondes au sein de la société québécoise. Il démontre par le fait même la prégnance des nouvelles connaissances diététiques dans la transformation des habitudes de consommation ainsi que l’important processus de rationalisation de la cuisine, dont l’influence est à chercher du côté des principes d’organisation légués par l’ère industrielle. Nous constatons également l’émergence d’un discours gastronomique, où hospitalité, qualités artistiques et nouveautés alimentaires s’unissent pour offrir une vision renouvelée de la cuisine « moderne ».
Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis: Further expanding the ROBO3 spectrum
Authors: Günbey Ceren , Çavdarlı Büşranur , Göçmen Rahşan , Yazıcı Muharrem , Temuçin Çağrı Mesut , Özdemir Özkan , Çırak Sebahattin , Haliloğlu Göknur 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveHorizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder resulting from axonal midline crossing defect due to variants in ROBO3.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated demographics, clinical phenotype, course of spinal deformities, and neuroimaging findings of six Turkish patients with HGPPS. We performed targeted gene testing by next‐generation sequencing.ResultsThe median age at symptom onset and diagnosis was 1.5 years (0.5–4), and 11 years (2–16), respectively. Oculomotor signs were the most common presenting symptom (n = 4), followed by scoliosis (n = 2). The course of scoliosis was progressive and accompanied by kyphosis, showed intrafamilial variability, and was corrected surgically in three of the patients. Intellectual disability (n = 4), hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (n = 2), hearing loss (n = 2), and tranisent movement disorders (n = 1) were additional features. Targeted gene sequencing revealed five distinct homozygous variants. Of the four novel variants, two of them were located in the acceptor site of the noncoding region of the gene, remaining two were missense and frameshift variants, located in immunoglobulin‐like domain‐2, and cytoplasmic signaling motif 2, respectively. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) showed the absence of decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle and dorsal transverse pontine fibers.InterpretationSpectrum of HGPPS is further expanded with novel variants in the ROBO3 with clinical and radiological fingerprints. Spinal deformities require close orthopedic screening and individualized approach. Intellectual disability and hearing loss emerge as additional features. Hypogonadism and transient subtle movement disorders require further attention and confirmation from other series.
Mixed‐Dimensional All‐Organic Polymer Heterostructures with Enhanced Piezoelectricity
Authors: Lian Wangwei , Wang Leiyang , Wang Jie , Cheng Tao , Dai Kun , Lu Bo , Liu Chuntai , Pan Caofeng , Shen Changyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEnhancing the piezoelectricity of polymers while maintaining all components organic is still challenging but significantly important for developing flexible wearable energy harvesters and self‐powered devices. Here, a novel and versatile strategy is introduced to construct mixed‐dimensional all‐organic polymer heterostructures (MPHs) for enhanced piezoelectricity. By combining all‐polymer 1D nanofibers (NFs) with 2D crystals through epitaxial crystallization‐driven assembly (ECA), MPHs are engineered to capitalize on the synergistic effects of both dimensional nanostructures. The intrinsic piezoelectric activity of 1D NFs is amplified by the growth of 2D crystals, enhancing force‐sensitivity and overall piezoelectricity. The mixed‐dimensional assembly not only enables controlled in‐situ growth of MPHs, but also simultaneously induces preferential formation of electroactive phases through solvent‐induced phase transition. By modulating the epitaxial growth of 2D crystals on 1D NFs, effective tuning of MPH growth amount and morphology is achieved, resulting in significant improvements in deformability, dipole polarization, and durability. MPHs exhibit remarkable piezoelectric improvements, achieving higher output under lower‐level forces with a record‐high sensitivity of ≈670 mV kPa−1. Their superior responsivity enables the development of self‐powered wireless wearable motion‐monitoring systems for real‐time physiological movement detection and analysis. This work inspires the development of all‐organic piezoelectric devices for innovative flexible energy‐harvesting and sensing applications.
Stabilizing Analog Signal Processing of Artificial Synapse Under Heat Fluctuations Through Light‐Temperature Antagonistic Operation
Authors: Chen Diandian , Choi Yongsuk , Qian Chuan , Roe Dong Gue , Kim Hyungjin , Jo Sae Byeok , Yoo Youngjae , Tang Dongsheng , Cho Jeong Ho 
Published: June 2024

AbstractData processing through artificial synapses is gaining attention owing to the emergence of neuromorphic computing. Analog processing via these synapses can simultaneously handle large volumes of data; however, it is susceptible to interference from various environmental factors. Specifically, temperature changes can significantly affect overall signal characteristics, leading to substantial errors. Herein, an organic heterojunction‐based artificial synapse is presented that is capable of light–temperature antagonistic operations. The properly aligned band structure and trap sites, which are facilitated by oxygen penetration, enable the implementation of controlled synaptic characteristics, depending on temperature and light conditions. An increase in temperature resulted in a thermally enhanced synaptic current, while light irradiation reduced the synaptic current, with the reduction degree being dependent on the light intensity. Finally, a biomimetic analog processor system capable of signal stabilization under drastic temperature changes is implemented. The artificial synapse, which operates using a light–temperature antagonistic operation, can significantly expand the potential applications of artificial intelligence hardware.