bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Strategy to Control the Reactivation of Frustrated Lewis Pairs from Shelf‐Stable Carbene Borane Complexes
Authors: Hoshimoto Yoichi , Kinoshita Takuya , Ohashi Masato , Ogoshi Sensuke 
Published: August 2015

AbstractN‐Phosphine oxide substituted imidazolylidenes (PoxIms) have been synthesized and fully characterized. These species can undergo significant changes to the spatial environment surrounding their carbene center through rotation of the phosphine oxide moiety. Either classical Lewis adducts (CLAs) or frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) are thus formed with B(C6F5)3 depending on the orientation of the phosphine oxide group. A strategy to reactivate FLPs from CLAs by exploiting molecular motions that are responsive to external stimuli has therefore been developed. The reactivation conditions were successfully controlled by tuning the strain in the PoxIm–B(C6F5)3 complexes so that reactivation only occurred above ambient temperature.
Realizing both High Energy and High Power Densities by Twisting Three Carbon‐Nanotube‐Based Hybrid Fibers
Authors: Zhang Ye , Zhao Yang , Cheng Xunliang , Weng Wei , Ren Jing , Fang Xin , Jiang Yishu , Chen Peining , Zhang Zhitao , Wang Yonggang , Peng Huisheng 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEnergy storage devices, such as lithium‐ion batteries and supercapacitors, are required for the modern electronics. However, the intrinsic characteristics of low power densities in batteries and low energy densities in supercapacitors have limited their applications. How to simultaneously realize high energy and power densities in one device remains a challenge. Herein a fiber‐shaped hybrid energy‐storage device (FESD) formed by twisting three carbon nanotube hybrid fibers demonstrates both high energy and power densities. For the FESD, the energy density (50 mWh cm−3 or 90 Wh kg−1) many times higher than for other forms of supercapacitors and approximately 3 times that of thin‐film batteries; the power density (1 W cm−3 or 5970 W kg−1) is approximately 140 times of thin‐film lithium‐ion battery. The FESD is flexible, weaveable and wearable, which offers promising advantages in the modern electronics.
Establishing the Structural Integrity of Core–Shell Nanoparticles against Elemental Migration using Luminescent Lanthanide Probes
Authors: Chen Bing , Peng Dengfeng , Chen Xian , Qiao Xvsheng , Fan Xianping , Wang Feng 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCore–shell structured nanoparticles are increasingly used to host luminescent lanthanide ions but the structural integrity of these nanoparticles still lacks sufficient understanding. Herein, we present a new approach to detect the diffusion of dopant ions in core–shell nanostructures using luminescent lanthanide probes whose emission profile and luminescence lifetime are sensitive to the chemical environment. We show that dopant ions in solution‐synthesized core–shell nanoparticles are firmly confined in the designed locations. However, annealing at certain temperatures (greater than circa 350 °C) promotes diffusion of the dopant ions and leads to degradation of the integrity of the nanoparticles. These insights into core–shell nanostructures should enhance our ability to understand and use lanthanide‐doped luminescent nanoparticles.
Mitsunobu Reactions Catalytic in Phosphine and a Fully Catalytic System
Authors: Buonomo Joseph A. , Aldrich Courtney C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Mitsunobu reaction is renowned for its mild reaction conditions and broad substrate tolerance, but has limited utility in process chemistry and industrial applications due to poor atom economy and the generation of stoichiometric phosphine oxide and hydrazine by‐products that complicate purification. A catalytic Mitsunobu reaction using innocuous reagents to recycle these by‐products would overcome both of these shortcomings. Herein we report a protocol that is catalytic in phosphine (1‐phenylphospholane) employing phenylsilane to recycle the catalyst. Integration of this phosphine catalytic cycle with Taniguchi’s azocarboxylate catalytic system provided the first fully catalytic Mitsunobu reaction.
Libraries of modified polyacrylamides using post‐synthetic modification
Authors: da Silveira Kelly Cristine , Sheng Qi , Tian Wendy , Fernandes Lucas Elizabete , Wood Colin D. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTPolyacrylamide‐based (PAM) polymers are the most widely used synthetic water‐soluble polymer so they are applied in a range of industries. However, they suffer from a number of limitations which requires the development of synthetic routes that can accurately control polymer structure and hence function. This study describes a carbodiimide mediated coupling reaction (CMC) that is used to generate modified polyacrylamide (PAM) including hydrophobically modified water‐soluble polymers (HMWSP). The reaction proceeds efficiently in water and does not require organic solvents or high temperatures. The approach is flexible due to the efficiency of the CMC reaction allowing for accurate control over polymer structure and function. This is confirmed using acid‐base titration, spectroscopy, viscometry, and rheology. The viscosity of the polymers varies over a broad range with those containing larger hydrophobic group (dodecyl) showing the highest viscosity. The hydrophobicity of the pendent group determines how it influences viscosity and using this new synthetic approach polymer with the same molecular weight can be compared. Linear hydrocarbon pendent groups are more hydrophobic than the cyclic versions resulting in higher viscosity. However, the spatial arrangement of the pendent group (linear or cyclic) also affects the viscosity at higher pendent group contents. The number of modified PAMs that can be generated is expansive because the approach works with a number of different functional groups and base polymers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42797.
Study on correlation of filtration performance and charge behavior and crystalline structure for melt‐blown polypropylene electret fabrics
Authors: Xiao Huiming , Gui Jiyang , Chen Gangjin , Xiao Chunping 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTMelt‐blown polypropylene (PP) electret fabrics are widely used as air filter media due to the specific mechanism of electrostatic filtering. In this article, two additives, stearate and modified rosin, are doped to PP fabrics during melt‐blown process. The filtration performance of doped PP gets improved greatly, with filtration efficiency increased by 6% at room temperature but its temperature stability promoted dramatically. As a result, the filtration efficiency of doped PP still remains above 95% of its initial, whereas that of non‐doped PP only remains 58% at 110°C. By XRD characterization the structure modification is observed after doping. The crystallinity increases from 14.17% to 22.64% and 29.62%, respectively. Meanwhile, the crystallite has a smaller size, respectively, 89Å and 86Å as compared to 107Å for non‐doping in the direction vertical to lattice plane (110). This demonstrates that additive doping can give rise to larger crystallinity and more fine‐grained crystallite. Therefore, doped PP improves its charge storage behavior ascribing to expanding interface between crystallite and amorphous region and then enlarging charge trap density. Furthermore, the effect of additive doping on electret charge storage behavior is investigated by short‐circuit TSD, and the filtration performance can be explained relevantly with TSD. A charge storage profile is also adopted to illustrate that the space charge captured by charge traps is in the form of space‐charge dipole with the rigidity of crystallite. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42807.
Containment of “wayward” females: The buildings of Abbotsford Convent, Victoria
Authors: Kay Edwina 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe built fabric of institutions plays a fundamental role in both the process and the experience of institutionalisation. This crucial role of the physical fabric makes the buildings and landscape of institutions a rich source of evidence for historical archaeologists, with the potential to provide important insights into the development of institutions and their complex role in society. This paper examines aspects of the built fabric of the largest and longest‐operating Magdalen asylum in Australia, at Abbotsford Convent in Melbourne, to investigate the evolution of this complex site in the second half of the nineteenth century. Magdalen asylums were institutions that attempted to reform “wayward” and vulnerable women and girls. Although they accommodated thousands of women and girls in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, their role and significance in Australia has not been extensively investigated. In this study, the extant buildings and grounds of Abbotsford Convent, as well as historical maps, photographs and written descriptions, provide evidence of the evolution of this institution over time.
A Randomized Trial Comparing Disease Activity Measures for the Assessment and Prediction of Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Initiating Certolizumab Pegol
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Churchill Melvin , Kivitz Alan , Samad Ahmed , Gauer Laura , Gervitz Leon , Koetse Willem , Melin Jeffrey , Yazici Yusuf 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveThe aim of the Patient/Physician Reported Efficacy Determination In Clinical Practice Trial (PREDICT; ClinicalTrials identifier NCT01255761) was to compare the patient‐reported Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID‐3) instrument with the investigator‐based Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) for assessing certolizumab pegol (CZP) treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis patients at 12 weeks and to predict the treatment response at week 52 using the data from week 12 (coprimary end points).MethodsPatients received 400 mg of CZP at weeks 0, 2, and 4 (loading dose), followed by 200 mg every 2 weeks thereafter. Patients were randomized 1:1 to assessment with the RAPID‐3 or the CDAI. Responder classification was performed at week 12; treatment response was defined as a score of ≤6 or a 20% improvement over baseline on the RAPID‐3 or a score of ≤10 or a 20% improvement over baseline on the CDAI. Long‐term treatment success was defined as a Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28‐ESR) of ≤3.2 at week 52. Comparisons were made for the coprimary end points using noninferiority methods. Patients with improvement of <1 on the CDAI score or with no improvement on the RAPID‐3 score at week 12 or patients with high levels of disease activity (CDAI score >22 or RAPID‐3 score >12) at 2 consecutive visits were withdrawn from the study.ResultsPatients had longstanding disease (mean 8.9 years) and high levels of disease activity (mean scores of 6.3 on the DAS28‐ESR, 16.1 on the RAPID‐3, and 40.2 on the CDAI). Previous anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy had failed in 55.5% of them. At week 12, a total of 64.7% (by RAPID‐3) and 76.4% (by CDAI) of the patients were classified as responders (difference of −11.9% [95% confidence interval −18.4%, −5.3%]). At week 52, a total of 31.5% (by RAPID‐3) and 32.3% (by CDAI) of the responders achieved a low level of disease activity on the DAS28‐ESR (difference of −1.3% [95% confidence interval −9.3%, 6.6%]).ConclusionThe CDAI classified more patients as CZP responders at week 12 than did the RAPID‐3. Although these outcome measures were not statistically comparable, the positive predictive value for low disease activity at week 52 was similar. As these tools cover differing domains of therapy response, further evaluation for clinical disease activity assessments and treatment decisions is needed.
Cysteine‐Mediated Redox Regulation of Cell Signaling in Chondrocytes Stimulated With Fibronectin Fragments
Authors: Wood Scott T. , Long David L. , Reisz Julie A. , Yammani Raghunatha R. , Burke Elizabeth A. , Klomsiri Chananat , Poole Leslie B. , Furdui Cristina M. , Loeser Richard F. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveOxidative posttranslational modifications of intracellular proteins can potentially regulate signaling pathways relevant to cartilage destruction in arthritis. In this study, oxidation of cysteine residues to form sulfenic acid (S‐sulfenylation) was examined in osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes and investigated in normal chondrocytes as a mechanism by which fragments of fibronectin (FN‐f) stimulate chondrocyte catabolic signaling.MethodsChondrocytes isolated from OA and normal human articular cartilage were analyzed using analogs of dimedone that specifically and irreversibly react with protein S‐sulfenylated cysteines. Global S‐sulfenylation was measured in cell lysates with and without FN‐f stimulation by immunoblotting and in fixed cells by confocal microscopy. S‐sulfenylation in specific proteins was identified by mass spectroscopy and confirmed by immunoblotting. Src activity was measured in live cells using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensor.ResultsProteins in chondrocytes isolated from OA cartilage were found to have elevated basal levels of S‐sulfenylation relative to those of chondrocytes from normal cartilage. Treatment of normal chondrocytes with FN‐f induced increased levels of S‐sulfenylation in multiple proteins, including the tyrosine kinase Src. FN‐f treatment also increased the levels of Src activity. Pretreatment with dimedone to alter S‐sulfenylation function or with Src kinase inhibitors inhibited FN‐f–induced production of matrix metalloproteinase 13.ConclusionThese results demonstrate for the first time the presence of oxidative posttranslational modification of proteins in human articular chondrocytes by S‐sulfenylation. Due to the ability to regulate the activity of a number of cell signaling pathways, including catabolic mediators induced by fibronectin fragments, S‐sulfenylation may contribute to cartilage destruction in OA and warrants further investigation.
Brief Report: Interleukin‐38 Exerts Antiinflammatory Functions and Is Associated With Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Rudloff Ina , Godsell Jack , Nold‐Petry Claudia A. , Harris James , Hoi Alberta , Morand Eric F. , Nold Marcel F. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveKnowledge of interleukin‐38 (IL‐38), formerly IL‐1 family member 10, is sparse, but Il1f10 polymorphisms are associated with inflammatory diseases, and recombinant IL‐38 inhibits inflammatory responses similar to those reported in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We undertook this study to explore the function of endogenous IL‐38 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as its abundance in serum in a well‐characterized cohort of SLE patients.MethodsSerum IL‐38 and IL‐10 levels were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 142 SLE patients at ≤3 consecutive visits and in 28 healthy volunteers. To assess IL‐38 function, we silenced IL‐38 in PBMCs from healthy donors using IL‐38 small interfering RNA (siRNA).ResultsIL‐38 (63–5,928 pg/ml) was detectable in 16% of 372 serum samples. IL‐38 abundance was significantly higher in samples from SLE patients than in samples from healthy controls (P = 0.004) and 11‐fold higher in patients with active disease (SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 [SLEDAI‐2K] score of ≥4) than in those with inactive disease (SLEDAI‐2K score of <4) (P = 0.044). Importantly, IL‐38 detection was associated with increased risk of renal lupus (relative risk [RR] 1.6, P = 0.027) and central nervous system lupus (RR 2.3, P = 0.034), and detectable baseline IL‐38 entailed a 1.6‐fold increased risk of subsequently meeting criteria for persistently active disease (P = 0.0097). Longitudinal time‐adjusted mean IL‐38 concentration was also 6‐fold higher in patients with persistently active disease than in those without (P = 0.023). Remarkably, PBMCs treated with IL‐38 siRNA produced up to 28‐fold more of the proinflammatory mediators IL‐6, CCL2, and APRIL than did control siRNA–transfected cells upon stimulation with Toll‐like receptor agonists. Similarly, in SLE patients, the antiinflammatory cytokine IL‐10 was 5‐fold more abundant when IL‐38 was detectable.ConclusionThis is the first study of the function of endogenous IL‐38, and the data suggest that IL‐38 may be protective in SLE. A strong association between IL‐38 and SLE severity suggests that IL‐38 expression is driven by processes linked to SLE pathogenesis. Exploitation of the regulatory effects of IL‐38 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy in SLE.
2016 Classification Criteria for Macrophage Activation Syndrome Complicating Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology/Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation Collaborative Initiative
Authors: Ravelli Angelo , Minoia Francesca , Davì Sergio , Horne AnnaCarin , Bovis Francesca , Pistorio Angela , Aricò Maurizio , Avcin Tadej , Behrens Edward M. , De Benedetti Fabrizio , Filipovic Lisa , Grom Alexei A. , Henter Jan‐Inge , Ilowite Norman T. , Jordan Michael B. , Khubchandani Raju , Kitoh Toshiyuki , Lehmberg Kai , Lovell Daniel J. , Miettunen Paivi , Nichols Kim E. , Ozen Seza , Pachlopnik Schmid Jana , Ramanan Athimalaipet V. , Russo Ricardo , Schneider Rayfel , Sterba Gary , Uziel Yosef , Wallace Carol , Wouters Carine , Wulffraat Nico , Demirkaya Erkan , Brunner Hermine I. , Martini Alberto , Ruperto Nicolino , Cron Randy Q. ,   on behalf of the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation, the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance, the Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group, and the Histiocyte Society
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo develop criteria for the classification of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsA multistep process, based on a combination of expert consensus and analysis of real patient data, was conducted. A panel of 28 experts was first asked to classify 428 patient profiles as having or not having MAS, based on clinical and laboratory features at the time of disease onset. The 428 profiles comprised 161 patients with systemic JIA–associated MAS and 267 patients with a condition that could potentially be confused with MAS (active systemic JIA without evidence of MAS, or systemic infection). Next, the ability of candidate criteria to classify individual patients as having MAS or not having MAS was assessed by evaluating the agreement between the classification yielded using the criteria and the consensus classification of the experts. The final criteria were selected in a consensus conference.ResultsExperts achieved consensus on the classification of 391 of the 428 patient profiles (91.4%). A total of 982 candidate criteria were tested statistically. The 37 best‐performing criteria and 8 criteria obtained from the literature were evaluated at the consensus conference. During the conference, 82% consensus among experts was reached on the final MAS classification criteria. In validation analyses, these criteria had a sensitivity of 0.73 and a specificity of 0.99. Agreement between the classification (MAS or not MAS) obtained using the criteria and the original diagnosis made by the treating physician was high (κ = 0.76).ConclusionWe have developed a set of classification criteria for MAS complicating systemic JIA and provided preliminary evidence of its validity. Use of these criteria will potentially improve understanding of MAS in systemic JIA and enhance efforts to discover effective therapies, by ensuring appropriate patient enrollment in studies.
Muscle Power Is an Independent Determinant of Pain and Quality of Life in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Reid Kieran F. , Price Lori Lyn , Harvey William F. , Driban Jeffrey B. , Hau Cynthia , Fielding Roger A. , Wang Chenchen 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveThis study examined the relationships between leg muscle strength, power, and perceived disease severity in subjects with knee osteoarthritis (OA) in order to determine whether dynamic leg extensor muscle power would be associated with pain and quality of life in knee OA.MethodsBaseline data on 190 subjects with knee OA (mean ± SD age 60.2 ± 10.4 years, body mass index 32.7 ± 7.2 kg/m2) were obtained from a randomized controlled trial. Knee pain was measured using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, and health‐related quality of life was assessed using the Short Form 36 (SF‐36). One‐repetition maximum (1RM) strength was assessed using the bilateral leg press, and peak muscle power was measured during 5 maximum voluntary velocity repetitions at 40% and 70% of 1RM.ResultsIn univariate analysis, greater muscle power was significantly associated with pain (r = −0.17, P < 0.02) and also significantly and positively associated with SF‐36 physical component summary (PCS) scores (r = 0.16, P < 0.05). After adjustment for multiple covariates, muscle power was a significant independent predictor of pain (P ≤ 0.05) and PCS scores (P ≤ 0.04). However, muscle strength was not an independent determinant of pain or quality of life (P ≥ 0.06).ConclusionMuscle power is an independent determinant of pain and quality of life in knee OA. Compared to strength, muscle power may be a more clinically important measure of muscle function within this population. New trials to systematically examine the impact of muscle power training interventions on disease severity in knee OA are particularly warranted.
Regulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis by Hedgehog Signaling in Osteoarthritic Cartilage
Authors: Ali Shabana Amanda , Al‐Jazrawe Mushriq , Ma Henry , Whetstone Heather , Poon Raymond , Farr Sarah , Naples Mark , Adeli Khosrow , Alman Benjamin A. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveWith no effective therapies to attenuate cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA), the result is pain and disability. Activation of hedgehog (HH) signaling causes changes related to the progression of OA, with higher levels of Gli‐mediated transcriptional activation associated with increased disease severity. To elucidate the mechanism through which this occurs, this study sought to identify genes regulated by HH signaling in human OA chondrocytes.MethodsUsing human OA cartilage samples, microarray analyses were performed to detect changes in gene expression when the HH pathway was modulated. Results were analyzed for differentially expressed genes, grouped into functional networks, and validated in independent samples. To investigate the effects of chondrocyte‐specific sterol accumulation, we generated mice lacking Insig1 and Insig2, which are major negative regulators of cholesterol homeostasis, under Col2a1 regulatory elements.ResultsHH signaling was found to regulate genes that govern cholesterol homeostasis, and this led to alterations in cholesterol accumulation in chondrocytes. A higher level of Gli‐mediated transcription resulted in accumulation of intracellular cholesterol. In genetically modified mice, chondrocyte‐specific cholesterol accumulation was associated with an OA phenotype. Reducing cholesterol accumulation attenuated the severity of OA in mice in vivo and decreased the expression of proteases in human OA cartilage in vitro.ConclusionHH signaling regulates cholesterol homeostasis in chondrocytes, and intracellular cholesterol accumulation contributes to the severity of OA. Our findings have therapeutic implications, since reduction of HH signaling reversed cholesterol accumulation and statin treatment attenuated cartilage degeneration.