bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromosome Segregation in Budding Yeast: Sister Chromatid Cohesion and Related Mechanisms
Authors: Marston Adele L 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Studies on budding yeast have exposed the highly conserved mechanisms by which duplicated chromosomes are evenly distributed to daughter cells at the metaphase–anaphase transition. The establishment of proteinaceous bridges between sister chromatids, a function provided by a ring-shaped complex known as cohesin, is central to accurate segregation. It is the destruction of this cohesin that triggers the segregation of chromosomes following their proper attachment to microtubules. Since it is irreversible, this process must be tightly controlled and driven to completion. Furthermore, during meiosis, modifications must be put in place to allow the segregation of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the first division for gamete formation. Here, I review the pioneering work from budding yeast that has led to a molecular understanding of the establishment and destruction of cohesion.
Forcing Closed Unbounded Subsets of אω1+1
Authors: Stanley M. C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractUsing square sequences, a stationary subsetSTof אω1+1is constructed from a treeTof heightω1, uniformly inT. Under suitable hypotheses, adding a closed unbounded subset toSTrequires adding a cofinal branch toTor collapsing at least one ofω1, אω1, and אω1+1. An application is that in ZFC there is no parameter free definition of the family of subsets of אω1+1that have a closed unbounded subset in someω1, אω1, and אω1+1preserving outer model.
Infinite sets that Satisfy the Principle of Omniscience in any Variety of Constructive Mathematics
Authors: Escardó Martín H. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe show that there are plenty of infinite sets that satisfy the omniscience principle, in a minimalistic setting for constructive mathematics that is compatible with classical mathematics. A first example of an omniscient set is the one-point compactification of the natural numbers, also known as the generic convergent sequence. We relate this to Grilliot's and Ishihara's Tricks. We generalize this example to many infinite subsets of the Cantor space. These subsets turn out to be ordinals in a constructive sense, with respect to the lexicographic order, satisfying both a well-foundedness condition with respect to decidable subsets, and transfinite induction restricted to decidable predicates. The use of simple types allows us to reach any ordinal below εQ, and richer type systems allow us to get higher.
The Theory of Tracial Von Neumann Algebras Does Not Have A Model Companion
Authors: Goldbring Isaac , Hart Bradd , Sinclair Thomas 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this note, we show that the theory of tracial von Neumann algebras does not have a model companion. This will follow from the fact that the theory of any locally universal, McDuff II1 factor does not have quantifier elimination. We also show how a positive solution to the Connes Embedding Problem implies that there can be no model-complete theory of II1 factors.
Do Analysts' Cash Flow Forecasts Mitigate the Accrual Anomaly? International Evidence
Authors: Gordon Elizabeth A. , Petruska Karin A. , Yu Minna 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
We investigate the role of analysts' cash flow forecasts in mitigating the accrual anomaly in an international setting. Based on a sample from 20 world market economies, we find less market overestimation of the accrual component of earnings for firms where analysts issue both cash flow forecasts and earnings forecasts, compared with firms where analysts only issue earnings forecasts. Further tests show that analysts' provisions of cash flow forecasts are more likely to be a mechanism that attenuates investors' fixations on earnings in common law countries as opposed to code law countries. This finding is consistent with cash flow predictions by analysts being useful in countries where public disclosures are the primary communication channels in the capital markets. We also find the accrual anomaly to be less severe when analysts provide more accurate cash flow forecasts in common law countries. Our results are robust to additional sensitivity tests, including controlling for potential sample selection bias and an endogeneity bias.
JEL Classifications: G14, G15, M41.
Data Availability: Data used are available from sources identified in the paper.
Opérationnaliser le développement durable en contexte écotouristique : quels critères ?
Authors: Tranquard Manu , Gagnon Christiane 
Published: January 2014

L’usage du concept de développement durable est actuellement particulièrement répandu dans le secteur touristique. Tout projet d’envergure tend désormais à intégrer dans sa planification ou dans son cahier des charges la recherche des normes et principes de développement durable. Une difficulté tient cependant à la distance qui subsiste entre ce concept et les moyens employés pour y parvenir et l’évaluer. Plusieurs études sectorielles récentes soulignent ainsi la complexité de la mise en application des principes du développement durable dans le domaine touristique. Cette situation tiendrait notamment au relatif défaut de connaissances des fondements théoriques de ce concept de la part des gestionnaires privés et publics et des parties prenantes. Ce constat est par ailleurs d’autant plus problématique dans le cas spécifique de l’écotourisme, car celui-ci repose sur une application rigoureuse des principes du développement durable, notamment pour la dimension environnementale.
L’objet de la présente analyse est d’identifier les critères de la durabilité écotouristique, soit les critères devant être opérationnalisés dans le cadre d’activités écotouristiques afin de favoriser le développement durable des territoires. Au-delà de leur recensement, il s’agit d’évaluer s’il existe une hiérarchisation de certains de ces critères, notamment s’agissant de la dimension environnementale du développement durable. Cette hiérarchisation peut permettre d’optimiser une démarche d’implantation lors de l’élaboration des projets écotouristiques.
Random‐Primed, Phi29 DNA Polymerase‐Based Whole Genome Amplification
Authors: Nelson John R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWhole‐genome amplification by multiple displacement amplification (MDA) is a patented method to generate potentially unlimited genomic material when researchers are challenged with trace samples, or the amount of genomic DNA required for analysis exceeds the amount on hand. It is an isothermal reaction, using Phi29 DNA polymerase and random hexamer primers for unbiased amplification of linear DNA molecules, such as genomic DNA. The random‐primed MDA reaction provides extensive amplification coverage of the genome, generates extremely long DNA products, and provides high DNA yields. This unit explains the reaction, and describes use of the commercial kits available. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 105:15.13.1‐15.13.16. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Detection of Nucleic Acids
Authors: Tanner Nathan A. , Evans Thomas C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSequence‐specific isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques are ideally suited for use in molecular diagnostic applications because they do not require thermal cycling equipment and the reactions are typically fast. One of the most widely cited isothermal techniques is termed loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). This protocol allows amplification times as fast as 5 to 10 min. Furthermore, various methodologies to detect amplification have been applied to LAMP to increase its utility for the point‐of‐care market. Basic LAMP protocols are provided herein for detection of specific DNA and RNA targets, along with a method to perform multiplex LAMP reactions, permitting even greater flexibility from this powerful technique. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 105:15.14.1‐15.14.14. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Forest ecosystem changes from annual methane source to sink depending on late summer water balance
Authors: Shoemaker Julie K. , Keenan Trevor F. , Hollinger David Y. , Richardson Andrew D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractForests dominate the global carbon cycle, but their role in methane (CH4) biogeochemistry remains uncertain. We analyzed whole‐ecosystem CH4fluxes from 2 years, obtained over a lowland evergreen forest in Maine, USA. Gross primary productivity provided the strongest correlation with the CH4flux in both years, with an additional significant effect of soil moisture in the second, drier year. This forest was a neutral to net source of CH4in 2011 and a small net sink in 2012. Interannual variability in the summer hydrologic cycle apparently shifts the ecosystem from being a net source to a sink for CH4. The small magnitude of the CH4fluxes and observed control or CH4fluxes by forest productivity and summer precipitation provide novel insight into the CH4cycle in this globally important forest ecosystem.
Rheology of fine‐grained forsterite aggregate at deep upper mantle conditions
Authors: Nishihara Yu , Ohuchi Tomohiro , Kawazoe Takaaki , Spengler Dirk , Tasaka Miki , Kikegawa Takumi , Suzuki Akio , Ohtani Eiji 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHigh‐pressure and high‐temperature deformation experiments on fine‐grained synthetic dunite (forsterite aggregate) were conducted to determine the dominant deformation mechanism in the deep upper mantle. The sintered starting material has 90% forsterite, 10% enstatite, and an average grain size of ~1 µm. Deformation experiments were performed using a deformation‐DIA apparatus at pressures of 3.03–5.36 GPa, temperatures of 1473–1573 K, and uniaxial strain rates of 0.91 × 10−5 to 18.6 × 10−5 s−1 at dry circumstances <50 H/106Si. The steady state flow stress was determined at each deformation condition. Derived stress‐strain rate data is analyzed together with that reported from similar but low‐pressure deformation experiments using flow law equations for diffusion creep (stress exponent of n = 1, grain‐size exponent of p = 2) and for dislocation‐accommodated grain‐boundary sliding (GBS‐disl, n = 3, p = 1). The activation volume for diffusion creep (V*dif) and for GBS‐disl (V*GBS) of dunite is determined to be 8.2 ± 0.9 and 7.5 ± 1.0 cm3/mol, respectively. Calculations based on these results suggest that both diffusion creep and dislocation creep play an important role for material flow at typical deformation conditions in the Earth's asthenospheric upper mantle whereas the contribution of GBS‐disl is very limited, and dislocation creep is the dominant deformation mechanism during the deformation of olivine in sheared peridotite xenolith. Though these conclusions are not definitive, these are the first results on potential deformation mechanisms of forsterite aggregate based on extrapolation in the pressure, temperature, stress, and grain‐size space.
Calculations of relative optical air masses for various aerosol types and minor gases in Arctic and Antarctic atmospheres
Authors: Tomasi Claudio , Petkov Boyan H. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe dependence functions of relative optical air mass on apparent solar zenith angle θ have been calculated over the θ < 87° range for the vertical profiles of wet‐air molecular number density in the Arctic and Antarctic atmospheres, extinction coefficients of different aerosol types, and molecular number density of water vapor, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen dimer. The calculations were made using as weight functions the seasonal average vertical profiles of (i) pressure and temperature derived from multiyear sets of radiosounding measurements performed at Ny‐Ålesund, Alert, Mario Zucchelli, and Neumayer stations; (ii) volume extinction coefficients of background summer aerosol, Arctic haze, and Kasatochi and Pinatubo volcanic aerosol measured with lidars or balloon‐borne samplings; and (iii) molecular number concentrations of the above minor gases, derived from radiosonde, ozonesonde, and satellite‐based observations. The air mass values were determined using a formula based on a realistic atmospheric air‐refraction model. They were systematically checked by comparing their mutual differences with the uncertainties arising from the seasonal and daily variations in pressure and temperature conditions within the various ranges, where aerosol and gases attenuate the solar radiation most efficiently. The results provide evidence that secant‐approximated and midlatitude air mass values are inappropriate for analyzing the Sun photometer measurements performed at polar sites. They indicate that the present evaluations can be reliably used to estimate the aerosol optical depth from the Arctic and Antarctic measurements of total optical depth, after appropriate corrections for the Rayleigh scattering and gaseous absorption optical depths.
Characteristics of atmospheric circulation over East Asia associated with summer blocking
Authors: Park Yong‐Jun , Ahn Joong‐Bae 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe boreal summer‐blocking regions were defined using the reanalysis data over the three decades of 1981–2010, and the influence of the blocking on atmospheric circulation in East Asia was examined. The summer blocking occurred mostly in North Europe, Ural region, Sea of Okhotsk (OK), and northeastern Pacific. The summer blocking was the major mode in these four regions according to principal component analysis using 500 hPa geopotential heights. Among the four blocking regions, OK blocking frequencies (OK BFs) showed negative and positive correlations with summer temperature and precipitation of Northeast Asia centered around the East Sea/Sea of Japan, respectively. In particular, the OK BF had a statistically significant correlation coefficient of −0.54 with summer temperatures in the Korean Peninsula. This indicates that the summer temperature and precipitation in this region were closely related to the OK blocking. According to the composite analysis for the years of higher‐than‐average BF (positive BF years), the OK High became stronger and expanded, while the North Pacific High was weakened over the Korean Peninsula and Japan and an anomalously deep trough was developed in the upper layer (200 hPa). As the cool OK High expanded, the temperature decreased over Northeast Asia centered around the East Sea/Sea of Japan and the lower level (850 hPa) air converged cyclonically, resulting in the increased precipitation, which induced the divergence in the upper layer and thereby strengthened the jet stream. Thus, the boreal summer OK blocking systematically influencing the area as the most dominant mode.
Remembering the Historical Roots of Remembering the Personal Past
Authors: Bluck Susan , Alea Nicole , Ali Sideeka 
Published: January 2014

SummaryAs scholars, remembering the historical past in one's area of study provides a foundation for purposefully pursuing knowledge. As individuals, remembering our personal past provides direction and purpose in everyday life. Taken together, these percepts provide the impetus for the current paper, which traces the contributions of six early pioneers who wrote about how humans remember their personal past. Analysis demonstrates how their historical ideas support current literatures focused on the personal past: reminiscence‐based mental health interventions, the adaptive psychosocial functions of autobiographical remembering, and the construction of identity as a life story. Three future research directions are also briefly presented: the human ability for mental ‘time travel’, a lifespan approach to remembering the personal past, and reflection on one's past as a route to wisdom. Understanding the human phenomenon of remembering the personal past has long‐standing historical roots that continue to stimulate basic and applied research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early detection of antiangiogenic treatment responses in a mouse xenograft tumor model using quantitative perfusion MRI
Authors: Rajendran Reshmi , Huang Wei , Tang Annie Mei Yee , Liang Jie Ming , Choo Stephanie , Reese Torsten , Hentze Hannes , van Boxtel Susan , Cliffe Adam , Rogers Keith , Henry Brian , Chuang Kai Hsiang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAngiogenesis plays a major role in tumor growth and metastasis, with tumor perfusion regarded as a marker for angiogenesis. To evaluate antiangiogenic treatment response in vivo, we investigated arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure tumor perfusion quantitatively. Chronic and 24‐h acute treatment responses to bevacizumab were assessed by ASL and dynamic‐contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI in the A498 xenograft mouse model. After the MRI, tumor vasculature was assessed by CD34 staining. After 39 days of chronic treatment, tumor perfusion decreased to 44.8 ± 16.1 mL/100 g/min (P < 0.05), compared to 92.6 ± 42.9 mL/100 g/min in the control group. In the acute treatment study, tumor perfusion in the treated group decreased from 107.2 ± 32.7 to 73.7 ± 27.8 mL/100 g/min (P < 0.01; two‐way analysis of variance), as well as compared with control group post dosing. A significant reduction in vessel density and vessel size was observed after the chronic treatment, while only vessel size was reduced 24 h after acute treatment. The tumor perfusion correlated with vessel size (r = 0.66; P < 0.005) after chronic, but not after acute treatment. The results from DCE‐MRI also detected a significant change between treated and control groups in both chronic and acute treatment studies, but not between 0 and 24 h in the acute treatment group. These results indicate that tumor perfusion measured by MRI can detect early vascular responses to antiangiogenic treatment. With its noninvasive and quantitative nature, ASL MRI would be valuable for longitudinal assessment of tumor perfusion and in translation from animal models to human.
Solvothermal synthesis and structural characterization of unfilled and Yb‐filled cobalt antimony skutterudite
Authors: Kadel Kamal , Li Wenzhi 
Published: January 2014

Unfilled and ytterbium (Yb)‐filled cobalt antimony (CoSb3) nanoparticles were synthesized via solvothermal route using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent. The effect of various amounts of sodium borohydride on the formation of as‐synthesized CoSb3 nanoparticles with pure phase was investigated. It is found that a sufficient amount of NaBH4 was required in order to form pure phase CoSb3. In addition, the effect of annealing time and temperature on the phase transformation of the as‐prepared non‐pure phase CoSb3 sample was also investigated. It is found that annealing at 500 °C for 5 h would eliminate those non‐CoSb3 phases and result in pure cubic skutterudite phase CoSb3. Structural characterization of the as‐prepared unfilled and Yb‐filled nanoparticles was carried out with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which revealed the formation of highly crystalline cubic phase of skutterudite Yb‐filled CoSb3. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) confirmed the presence of ytterbium in the Yb‐filled CoSb3 samples.
Stochastic learning automata‐based channel selection in cognitive radio/dynamic spectrum access for WiMAX networks
Authors: Misra Sudip , Chatterjee Shankha Subhra , Guizani Mohsen 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThis paper proposes a cognitive radio‐based dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme for secondary users in a cluster‐based WiMAX network. It uses a learning automata‐based algorithm to find the optimal transmission channel, while ensuring minimum channel loss and a considerably high signal‐to‐noise ratio, and concurrently minimizing costly channel switching activities when primary users request licensed channels. The objective is to coordinate efficient frequency utilization and frequency reusability in each of the clusters in the network and to make data transmission possible without depleting the spectrum. The proposed scheme subsumes unforeseen channel faults into the channel feedback and decides the optimal channel. The system converges asymptotically to an ϵ‐optimal solution. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating the role of articulatory organs and perceptual assimilation in infants' discrimination of native and non‐native fricative place contrasts
Authors: Tyler Michael D. , Best Catherine T. , Goldstein Louis M. , Antoniou Mark 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe perceptual assimilation model (PAM; Best, C. T. [1995]. A direct realist view of cross‐language speech perception. In W. Strange (Ed.), Speech perception and linguistic experience: Issues in cross‐language research (pp. 171–204). Baltimore, MD: York Press.) accounts for developmental patterns of speech contrast discrimination by proposing that infants shift from untuned phonetic perception at 6 months to natively tuned perceptual assimilation at 11–12 months, but the model does not predict initial discrimination differences among contrasts. To address that issue, we evaluated the Articulatory Organ Hypothesis, which posits that consonants produced using different articulatory organs are initially easier to discriminate than those produced with the same articulatory organ. We tested English‐learning 6‐ and 11‐month‐olds' discrimination of voiceless fricative place contrasts from Nuu‐Chah‐Nulth (non‐native) and English (native), with one within‐organ and one between‐organ contrast from each language. Both native and non‐native contrasts were discriminated across age, suggesting that articulatory‐organ differences do not influence perception of speech contrasts by young infants. The results highlight the fact that a decline in discrimination for non‐native contrasts does not always occur over age. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 210–227, 2014.
Integrative Analysis of High‐throughput Cancer Studies With Contrasted Penalization
Authors: Shi Xingjie , Liu Jin , Huang Jian , Zhou Yong , Shia BenChang , Ma Shuangge 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIn cancer studies with high‐throughput genetic and genomic measurements, integrative analysis provides a way to effectively pool and analyze heterogeneous raw data from multiple independent studies and outperforms “classic” meta‐analysis and single‐dataset analysis. When marker selection is of interest, the genetic basis of multiple datasets can be described using the homogeneity model or the heterogeneity model. In this study, we consider marker selection under the heterogeneity model, which includes the homogeneity model as a special case and can be more flexible. Penalization methods have been developed in the literature for marker selection. This study advances from the published ones by introducing the contrast penalties, which can accommodate the within‐ and across‐dataset structures of covariates/regression coefficients and, by doing so, further improve marker selection performance. Specifically, we develop a penalization method that accommodates the across‐dataset structures by smoothing over regression coefficients. An effective iterative algorithm, which calls an inner coordinate descent iteration, is developed. Simulation shows that the proposed method outperforms the benchmark with more accurate marker identification. The analysis of breast cancer and lung cancer prognosis studies with gene expression measurements shows that the proposed method identifies genes different from those using the benchmark and has better prediction performance.