bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimisation of a standardised chemical burn animal model for use in corneal wound healing
Authors: MCINTOSH OD , ALLEN CL , HOPKINSON A , DUA HS 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose The rabbit ocular surface has been used for many years as a reliable comparison for the study of human corneal injuries. This work aimed to create a standardised corneal epithelial injury using an alkali insult, which results in a type III healing response with wound healing. The ultimate aim is the use of this in vivo injury model to test novel ocular bandages and substrate treatments.Methods De‐epithelialisation first required in vitro optimisation for reproducibility before use in in vivo rabbit models. Corneas obtained from New Zealand White rabbits were de‐epithelialised with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution using a range of concentrations, durations and modes of application. The injury area, depth and severity were assessed using haematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy. The optimised in vitro model was applied to an in vivo pilot study in rabbits and tested for reproducibility using normal and fluorescein slit lamp images.Results In vitro optimisation revealed that higher NaOH concentrations and extended durations caused undesirable irreversible damage to the cornea. Lower concentrations and durations produced the injury required. The injury model was established in an in vivo pilot study using our optimal parameters and tested to see if a chemical burn with little variation in area or severity could be achieved. Following 48 hour treatment we were able to detect reliable wound healing using our refined model.Conclusion The in vitro optimisation showed us parameters that were sufficient to de‐epithelialise the cornea, creating an injury without causing stromal damage. The model is now in use in vivo, to test the biocompatibility and efficacy of various ocular surface substrate treatments.
Treatment of Meibomian gland disease with the Lipiflow® system: A prospective study
Authors: MICHEE S , RABUT G , BAUDOUIN C , LABBE A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Lipiflow® in the treatment of meibomian gland disease (MGD).Methods Twenty eyes of 17 consecutive patients with MGD and evaporative dry eye were included in this study. MGD was associated with ocular rosacea in 58.8% of cases. There were 9 women (52.9%) and 8 men (47.1%) with a mean age of 58.1 ± 16.2 years (28‐82 years). Patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic evaluation including two symptoms questionnaires, SPEED® and ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear film break‐up time (TBUT), Schirmer test, meibomian gland evaluation with the Meibomian Gland Evaluator® (MGE), tear film thickness measured with the Lipiview® Ocular Surface Interferometer and tear osmolarity (Tearlab®). Then all eyes were treated with the Lipiflow® system. All patients were evaluated before and one month after treatment.Results According to SPEED questionnaire, symptoms improved significantly one month after treatment (15.4 ± 4.9 vs. 12.7 ± 5.8; p<0.001). However, OSDI was not modified (22 ± 8.4 vs. 21.7 ± 9.5, p=0.06). After treatment, TBUT increased (3.1 ± 1.6 sec. vs. 5.8 ± 2.5 sec., p<0.001) and the number of functional meibomian glands was significantly higher (2.8 ± 1.1 versus 6.8 ± 2.3, p<0.001). Schirmer test (13.4 ± 12.2 vs. 15.1 ± 14, p=0.6) and tear film thickness (57.3 ± 21.8 µm vs. 62.5 ± 23 µm, p=0.15) were not modified after treatment. Similarly, no change was observed in tear osmolarity (321.3 ± 19.1 mOsm/mL versus 321.7 ± 24.1 mOsm/mL, p=0.79). No adverse effect was observed for any patient during treatment and follow‐up.Conclusion The use of the Lipiflow® system was safe and seemed to improve symptoms and some ocular surface parameters in eyes with MGD.
Semiology of patient derivated to ptergium surgery at Fuan Noe c. Hospital in Arica city, Chile
Authors: CHAVEZ C , VETTERLEIN V , FONTECILLA C , RAMIREZ JM , DE HOZ R 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Knowing the semiological characteristics of surgical patient diagnosed with symptomatic pterigium, who has permanent resident at the desertical city of Arica, Chile.Methods A transversal type study of 119 people was performed by applying them a survey, a physical exam and a pre surgical ophthalmologic evaluation. After surgery the removed tissue was sent to anatomopathological analysis. The survey data and test results were tabulated and analyzed using the statistical software Stata 11.0Results Over 90% have permanent residence for more than 11 years in this desertical region; 89% work outdoors, 87.1% have nasal pterygium, 54% reported never used sunglasses. 73% has another visual disturbance. The 45.16% presents Pterygium of angiomatous and 45.15% Mixed type. Only 9.68% is fibrous. A 18.28% present metaplasia. Over 60% presents altered the Schirmer test results (higher than 24mm) and 50% in Break Up Time (BUT) altered lower or equal to 10 seconds.Conclusion The Pterygium is a disease with high prevalence in the desertical city of Arica, Chile and it is evident that the absence of laws in prophylactic measures and educational activities, increase the damage that is produced by ultraviolet radiation. The relationship between the habitability of the desert and the correspondence with the use or not of lenses with UV protection is proportional.
Effects of acute in vivo exposure of rabbit cornea and conjunctiva to artificial sunlight
Authors: ALMALIOTIS D , VARSAMIDOU E , GOULAS A , MARKOPOULOU S , KARAYANNOPOULOU G , VARSAMIDIS K , KARAMPATAKIS V 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Acute exposure of ocular and periocular tissues to natural or artificial light can induce inflammatory responses, attributed mainly to the UVB range of the spectrum. In this study, we have used a model of acute exposure of rabbit eyes to artificial sunlight, to study possible alterations in the architecture of corneal and conjunctival tissue as well as in the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and platelet activating factor (PAFR) in these tissues.Methods New Zealand albino rabbits were immobilized opposite a 300W light bulb and exposed for 30 min to an equivalent of 7,500 Jm‐1 of UVB irradiation, in the range of the reported threshold for corneal damage. Corneal and conjunctival tissue samples were removed from exposed eyes at 2, 6 and 24 hours following the end of the exposure to the bulb light, and were subsequently processed for histochemical staining or RNA extraction. The gene expression of TNF and PAFR was monitored with RT‐PCR.Results Histopathological examination revealed minor changes in the corneal architecture. A distinctive eosinophilic infiltration was observed, as early as 2 hrs post‐exposure, in the conjunctiva of the third eyelid, both in the epithelial layer and the basal lamina, which had apparently subsided by t = 24 hrs. The gene expression of TNF and PAFR was monitored with RT‐PCR.Conclusion Acute exposure to artificial sunlight caused a marked accumulation of eosinophils in rabbit conjunctival epithelium but only minor changes in the corneal epithelium. Neither TNF nor PAFR gene expression was affected appreciably
Prevalence of allergic conjuctivitis in allergic population in northern greece
Authors: ALMALIOTIS D , MICHAILOPOULOS P , GIOULEKAS D , GIOULEKA P , PAPAKOSTA D , SIEMPIS T , KARAMPATAKIS V 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose A retrospective study on the prevalence of conjunctivitis and the commonest allergens in Northern Greece.Methods From the archives of an outpatient unit in Thessaloniki‐Greece, the patients with conjunctivitis were evaluated. The patients underwent skin prick tests (SPTs) according to current guidelines. The patients were divided into 4 groups: Group A : Patients with conjunctivitis alone, Group B: patients with asthma and conjunctivitis, Group C: patients with rhinitis and conjunctivitis, Group D: patients with all three co‐morbidities.Results 49 out of 1239 allergic patients had only conjunctivitis, 102 conjunctivitis and asthma, 117 conjunctivitis and rhinitis and 229 all three co‐morbidities.Conclusion In the Northern Greek population allergic conjunctivitis is common. There was no significant statistical difference between men and women in the aforementioned groups.
Management of HSV‐1 necrotizing keratitis with amniotic membrane transplantation combined with antiviral and steroid therapy
Authors: GUEUDRY J , DUNCOMBE A , MARINGE E , MURAINE M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To report promoted healing of necrotizing herpetic keratitis after amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in conjunction with antiviral and corticosteroid therapy.Methods Herpes necrotizing stromal keratitis was defined as a corneal ulcer with a dense, whitish inflammatory infiltration and corneal scrapping positive for HSV‐1 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Corneal smears and cultures were made to rule out bacterial and fungal infections. All patients received systemic antiviral treatment and topical antibiotics. When corneal ulcers were refractory to medical treatment, multilayered AMT was considered. During the post operative period, systemic antiviral treatment was continued and local corticosteroids were started. Main outcome measures were visual acuity and wound healing of corneal ulcers.Results Thirteen patients (13 eyes) with herpes necrotizing stromal keratitis were retrospectively reviewed. The mean follow up was 13.1 months (range 2‐30 months). Amniotic membrane transplantation was performed in 9 cases (twice in one patient), within a mean of 17 days (range 2‐43 days) after medical treatment initiation. Epithelial defects healed within a mean of 40 days (range 9‐97 days) after AMT. At the last visit, mean visual acuity improved from 2.2 logMAR to 1.3 LogMAR (p=0.016). No serious side effects occurred during the follow up.Conclusion Multilayer AMT combined with antiviral and corticosteroid therapy seems to be effective in treating herpes necrotizing stromal keratitis. It provides restoration of ocular surface integrity and improvement of vision.
Risk factors for contact lens‐related microbial keratitis: A case‐control multicenter study
Authors: SAUER A , MEYER N , BOURCIER T , THE FRENCH STUDY GROUP FOR CONTACT LENS‐RELATED MICROBIAL KE  
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose The most feared complication of contact lens (CL) wear is microbial keratitis (MK), even though its incidence remains low. While CL materials and replacement schedules have developed greatly in recent years, the risk of MK, however, has not been reduced in users of daily disposable and silicone hydrogel CL. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of CL‐related MK while putting into perspective individual patients’ risks and societal burdens.Methods A multicenter case‐control study was designed. The CL‐related MK subpopulation (Case) was compared to healthy CL wearers (Control) using a complete a 52‐item anonymous questionnaire designed to determine subject demographics and lens wear history. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed in order to compare both groups.Results The study enrolled 508 cases and 499 controls, and revealed a higher risk for MK patients wearing soft CL, with cosmetic CL, with overnight wear, exceeding the CL‐ or the cleaning solution replacement delay, using a multipurpose cleaning solution. On the contrary, hyperopia, fitting and follow‐up by an ophthalmologist, and respect of basic hygiene rules were protective against CL‐related MK.Conclusion The infectious determinants were linked to the patient, type of lenses, hygiene routine, CL handling, cleaning solution, and storage case. This study aimed to highlight the increasingly documented CL‐associated complications, which likely occur due to insufficient health professional supervision and lack of patient information regarding basic rules of hygiene, as well as CL care and handling.
Differences in corneal epithelium in patients with diagnosed macular and granular corneal dystrophy
Authors: SMEDOWSKI A , WYLEGALA E , WOJCIK L 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To describe severity and forms of epithelial changes in patients suffering from macular and granular corneal dystrophy.Methods In examined group 9 patients were included, 4 with diagnosis of macular and 5 of granular corneal dystrophy. Patients underwent basic slit lamp examination and in next order in vivo corneal confocal microscopy. Full thickness corneal scans were made and compared with corresponding images from healthy objects. Additional imaging of epithelial layer with higher magnification was made to compare detailed changes within single cells.Results On a slit lamp examination we described: in case of granular dystrophy macroscopic, polymorphic deposits of crystal structure, located in full thickness of corneal stroma and in epithelium. In macular dystrophy cornea stromal and epithelial changes took more diffused form. The corneal confocal microscopy images showed different intensity of typical stromal changes (crystalic or diffused depends on dystrophy type). In epithelium, in cases of macular dystrophy, we found different stages of intracellular changes, which secondary involved intercellular space. In granular dystrophy changes localized mostly in intercellular space with preserved cellular architectonic.Conclusion However both described dystrophies are classified as stromal, in different way involve cells in epithelial layer. Corneal confocal microscopy can be useful for detailed examination of corneal dystrophic changes.
Biomechanical consequences of keratoconus treatments
Authors: HUGNY LARROQUE C , COCHENER B 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose to evaluate, biomecanical consequences of Crosslinking (CXL) in keratocônus, with intracorneal ring (ICR) or not, with a new instrument : Corvis © (Oculus).Methods Our prospective study included ten patients with evolutive keratoconus (i.e. keratometric modification more than 0.5 D and/or refraction modification in 6 months), with pachymetry superior to 400 microns. For patients had both CXL and ICR (operated 3 months after CXL), six CXL only. The procedure was flash CXL (4 minutes of riboflavine, 15 minutes of UltraViolets). Patients were seen at 1, 3 and 6 months, with visual acuity, topography, corvis (deformation amplitude, aplanation length, corneal velocity), vidéotopography.Results The evaluation of corneal biomechanical properties of the cornea with corvis shows, after CXL, an increase of the aplanation lentgh of the second palanation pic : 0,8 pre‐CXL, 1,02 post‐CXL. Now, A2’s length is usually decreased in keratoconus compared to normal cornea. Therefore, the A2 lenght change after CXL could be a parameter for the follow‐up after CXL to show it’s efficacy.Conclusion Corvis can be another tool in keratoconus’ follow‐up, based on the impacts of treatments (ICR and CXL) on biomechanical properties of the cornea.
Microbial keratitis after penetrating keratoplasty
Authors: EL MATRI L , LIMAIEM R , CHEBIL A , KORT F , MGHAIETH F 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To investigate the prevalence of microbial keratitis, predisposing risk factors, the spectrum of pathogens and the prognosis for graft survival and visual outcome in patients who developed microbial keratitis following penetrating keratoplasty (PK).Methods We reviewed 14 cases (14 patients) of microbial keratitis after PK from January 1 2007, to December 31 2011. In all cases, corneal scrapings were obtained and microbiologically analyzed. Efficacy of treatment was evaluated by anatomical clarity of graft.Results There were 100 PKs performed and 14 (1,4%) cases of culture‐positive keratitis during the study period. Principal indications for PK were corneal perforation (6 cases) and pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (3 cases). Fifty per cent of infections occurred within 1 year of PK. Principal predisposing risk factors were suture‐related problems (64,8%), epithelial defect (50%) and microbial keratitis in the previous graft (50%). Fifty of the scrapings were positive according to the microbiological evaluation with gram‐positive cocci (42,85%), fungi (7,14%). We found 1 case of polymicrobial infection in renal graft. After medical and surgical treatments, 3 patients (21,42%) had a clear graft.Conclusion : The development of bacterial keratitis after PK is a serious complication that is associated with a high incidence of graft failure and poor visual outcome. Postoperative control of risk factors and early recognition of infectious complications may decrease the incidence of severe microbial keratitis after PK.
Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR)‐related retinal detachment (RD) surgery in AIDS patients in an Asian population
Authors: WONG J , WONG E , TEOH S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose This study reports the outcomes of retinal re‐attachment surgery in patients with Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR)‐related retinal detachment (RD) in an Asian population.Methods Review of CMVR characteristics, surgical outcomes and complications in 19 patients with CMVR‐related RD who underwent surgery from January 2000 to June 2011.Results CMVR was inactive in 73.7% of the patients at the time of surgery. Fourteen (73.7%) of RDs were macula‐off and 4 (21.1%) patients had proliferative vitreo‐retinopathy (PVR). Anatomical success was achieved in 14 patients (73.6%). Eight patients (42.1.%) had improvement of 1 or more lines in BCVA, 7 patients (36.8%) maintained BCVA and 4 patients (21.1%) had poorer BCVA at 6 months after surgery. Of the 13 patients who presented with worse than 6/120 vision, 30.8% regained ambulatory vision or better. Five patients had re‐detachments (26.3%). Six phakic patients (54.5%) developed cataracts post‐surgery at a median interval of 6 months. Seven patients had immune recovery uveitis (IRU) prior to RD. Median durations from CMVR and IRU diagnoses to RD were 2.0 and 1.0 months respectively.Conclusion Surgery for CMVR‐related RD is associated with good anatomical outcomes with most patients maintaining or improving vision. Factors related to better outcomes include smaller CMVR lesion size and the absence of PVR. CD4 counts were not related outcomes. Patients diagnosed with CMVR and IRU require close monitoring for development of RD.
The regulatory effects of 1, α, 25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the expression of inflammatory cytokines in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: TOHARI A , CRAFT J , SHU X 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is typically characterized by abnormal changes in the microstructure of retina as a result of prolonged uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Several mechanisms on how high glucose concentration alters retina microvasculature have been proposed. One of these mechanisms is the activation of alternative glucose pathways leading to accumulation of several metabolic end‐products which induce oxidative stress in retina causing cellular changes of the expression of pro and inflammatory mediators. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the protective function of vitamin D in diabetic retinopathyMethods 1‐Treatment of ARPE‐19 cell line with the active form of vitamin D 2‐Diabetic animal models are induced for type 1 diabetes mellitus and treated with calcitriolResults 1‐Vitamin D down‐regulates the expression of pro and inflammatory cytokines involved in DR 2‐It up‐regulates the expression of antioxidative stress scavengers 3‐Vitamin D improves cell survival during inflammatory processConclusion Changes in the expression patterns of immunomodulatory and antioxidative proteins after vitamin D treatment propose a protective function of vitamin D in DR
Persistent macular edema with secondary neovascular membrane following a panuveitis in woman with Behçet’s disease resolved by a switching to aflibercept injections
Authors: TORO M , REIBALDI M , STELLA S , AMATO R , LONGO A , GAGLIANO C 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To report the effective treatment of a neovascular membrane following recurrent panuveitis associated to Behçet’s Disease, in a woman no responders to cyclosporine and biological response modifiers, refractory to ranibizumab, who was switched to aflibercept injections.Methods An interventional case report with optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans.Results A 56‐year‐old Caucasian woman was suffering from recurrent panuveitis on both eyes for Behçet’s Disease with a neovascular membrane on left eye. She had undergone one entire cycle of therapy with cyclosporine (5mg/Kg/die) and two infusion of infliximab which resolved panuveitis, without functional or anatomical improvement of the eye clinic on the left eye. Six months after the second infusion of infliximab, she received two consecutive intravitreal injections of ranibizumab with the persistent of the neovascular activity and without any improvement of visual acuity (VA). Four weeks following the second injection, the treatment was switched to two aflibercept injections. Two weeks later, her best‐corrected visual acuity improved from 0.4 to 0.7. Macular edema resolved with a reduction of central retinal thickness from 398 μm before Aflibercept injections to 274 μm after Aflibercept injections, as measured by OCT scan.Conclusion Aflibercept could be a new therapeutic,effective,safe,local treatment option in patients with complicated noninfectious uveitis as Behçet’s Disease, no responders to immunosuppressive agents or immunobiological response modifiers and previous anti‐VEGF treatments.
Cataract and uveitis: Comparison of two different anti inflammatory protocols for the prevention of post‐operative complications
Authors: BUTEL N , FARDEAU C , LE HOANG P , BODAGHI B 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose In the context of cataract surgery in patients followed for chronic uveitis, evaluate the effectiveness of a standart protocol corticosteroids versus a simplified protocol , by comparing the visual acuity and inflammation pre‐and postoperatively in each two groups.Methods Prospective non‐randomized single‐center study was conducted in 2012, including 35 eyes(30 patients), mean age was 54.9 years. Patients were followed for chronic uveitis, whatever the cause, and were elligibles for a cataract surgery. 20 eyes received the standart protocol of corticosteroids, wich was oral corticosteroids combined pre‐and postoperatively, as well as bolus injection of solumedrol and subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone in peroperative time. On the other side, 15 eyes received a lightweight protocol comprising only intraoperative corticosteroids (bolus and subconjunctival injection) without oral corticosteroids.Results With a median follow up of 6 months, after surgery, gain of visual acuity was significant in all patient. We lamented 4 earlier acute inflammatory relapses , 2 postoperative macular edema ,1 epimacular membrane and 1 retinal detachment. These complications did not link siginficatif with the choice of protocol, completeness or light. They were put in relation with the severity of previous inflammation, and particularly his etiology , preoperative inflammatory state, and if it was an antecedent of macular edema or not.Conclusion Simplified protocol can be proposed for cataract surgery in patient with chronic uveitis, especially for patients who did not relapse over a year and with no history of macular edema, as well as patients who were not found obvious systemic cause