bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alfabetização: Ensino do Sistema de Escrita em contextos de letramento
Authors: Aparecida Lapa de Aguiar Maria 
Published: August 2024

O presente artigo aborda reflexões acerca dos processos de alfabetização no primeiro ano do Ensino Fundamental de nove anos com base em pesquisa realizada com professoras alfabetizadoras em escolas da rede municipal de Florianópolis/Santa Catarina. O objetivo principal foi compreender como a rede municipal vem se organizando para a inclusão da criança de seis anos no Ensino Fundamental. Para este trabalho, especificamente, são apresentados excertos da entrevista com uma das professoras e um recorte de eventos ocorridos na sala de alfabetização. Para fundamentar a pesquisa, recorremos a Soares (2004), Leite (2001), Gontijo (2003), entre outros autores que abordam a temática em questão. Após análise, conclui-se que a professora, sujeito da pesquisa, está em concordância com uma tendência da atualidade de trabalhar o Sistema de Escrita em contextos de letramento.
Experience dependence of alpha rhythms and neural dynamics in mouse visual cortex
Authors: Riyahi Pouria , Phillips Marnie A. , Boley Nathaniel , Colonnese Matthew T. 
Published: August 2024

The role of experience in the development and maintenance of emergent network properties such as cortical oscillations and states is poorly understood. To define how early-life experience affects cortical dynamics in the visual cortex of adult, head-fixed mice, we examined the effects of two forms of blindness initiated before eye-opening and continuing through recording in adulthood: (1) bilateral loss of retinal input (enucleation) and (2) degradation of visual input (eyelid-suture). Neither form of deprivation fundamentally altered the state-dependent regulation of firing-rates or local field potentials. However, each form of deprivation did cause a unique set of changes in network behavior. Laminar analysis revealed two different generative mechanisms for low-frequency synchronization, one prevalent during movement, the other during quiet-wakefulness. The former was absent in enucleated mice, suggesting a mouse homolog of human alpha oscillations. In addition, neurons in enucleated animals were less correlated and fired more regularly, but showed no change in mean firing-rate. Chronic lid-suture decreased firing rates during quiet-wakefulness, but not during movement, with no effect on neural correlations or regularity. Sutured animals showed a broadband increase in dEEG power and an increased occurrence, but reduced central frequency, of narrowband gamma oscillations. The complementary--rather than additive--effects of lid-suture and enucleation suggest that the development of these emergent network properties does not require vision but is plastic to modified input. Our results suggest a complex interaction of internal set-points and experience determines the expression of mature cortical activity, with low-frequency synchronization being particularly susceptible to early deprivation.Significance statementThe developmental rules that guide how cortex balances internal homeostatic set points with external inputs to establish the emergent network level dynamics critical to its function are unclear. Using multiple methods of early deprivation, we show that the development of dynamics in mouse visual cortex is not dependent on the type of input. Rather, specific neural rhythms, firing-rate set points, and neural correlations are differentially modified by experience. Our deprivations identify one specific rhythm as a likely homolog to human alpha and suggest a mechanism for its loss in blindness. Our results advance our understanding of the regulatory mechanism leading to normal cortical processing, which is altered in blindness and multiple neural disorders.
Packaging and storage of Porphyridium cruentum: Metallised polyethylene terephthalate/polyethylene (PETmet/PE) versus polyethylene (PE)
Authors: Morais A.M.M.B. , Martins V.F. , Alves A.J. , Poças F. , Morais R.M.S.C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe effect of the storage conditions of light (presence; absence) and relative humidity (50%; 75% RH) on the water content and colour of Porphyridium cruentum microalga powder was studied, then two packaging materials, low-density polyethylene (PE-LD) and metallised polyethylene terephthalate with polyethylene (PETmet/PE), were used to study their effect on the water content, colour, total carotenoids and chlorophylls contents, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, ORAC) of P. cruentum during storage at 23 °C and 50% RH. An atmosphere with 50% RH is recommended to minimise the water vapour absorption and lightness loss. In addition to the expected light protection, PETmet/PE material protected P. cruentum powder also against water absorption, contrary to PE material. There were no relevant colour changes of the microalga during storage in PETmet/PE. Regarding the total content of carotenoids and the antioxidant activity of the microalga, no significant differences were found between the biomasses stored in either packaging material. The TPC and DPPH values were practically constant during two months of storage, while ABTS and ORAC decreased more than 50% and 20%, respectively, during this time.
Stiff substrate increases mycelium growth rate on surface
Authors: Yang Libin , Hu Xiaoyue , Qin Zhao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Mycelium is crucial in decomposing biomass and cycling nutrients in nature. While various environmental factors can influence mycelium growth, the role of substrate mechanics is not yet clear. In this study, we investigate the effect of substrate stiffness on mycelium growth. We prepared agar substrates of different concentrations to grow the mycelium, but kept other environmental and chemical conditions consistent. We made a time-lapse recording of the growing history with minimum interruption. We repeated our tests for different species. Our results generally support that mycelium grows faster on a stiffer substrate, Ganoderma lucidum gives the highest growth rate and Pleurotus eryngii is most sensitive to substrate stiffness. We combined experimental characterization and computational simulation to investigate the mechanism and discovered that mycelium concentrates on the surface of a rigid substrate, but penetrates the soft one. Our Monte Carlo simulations illustrate that such a penetration allows mycelium to grow in the three-dimensional space, but effectively slows down the surface occupation speed. Our study provides insights into fungal growth and reveals that the mycelium growth rate can be tuned through substrate stiffness, thus reducing the time for producing mycelium-based composites.

Impact statement
We used agar substrates and tuned its stiffness to culture mycelium and compared tune its stiffness to culture mycelium and compare its growth in a well-controlled condition. Our results revealed that mycelium grows faster on stiffer substrates, thus fully occupying the petri dish surface more quickly. We repeated our study several times by testing four species, P. eryngii, G. lucidum, Trametes versicolor, and Flammulina velutipes, and the stiffest substrate always gives the highest mean growing rate than others. The G. lucidum shows the highest spreading rate that is obtained on the stiffest substrate as 39.1 ± 2.0 mm2/h. We found that the mycelium on a soft substrate will grow into the substrate instead of spreading on the stiffer surface. Our Monte Carlo simulations further show that once the fibers grow into a three-dimensional substrate, its growth is slower than growing on a two-dimensional surface, providing a microscopic mechanism of the substrate stiffness effect. This study’s analysis of how substrate stiffness impacts mycelium growth is new, bridging a critical knowledge gap in understanding the relationship between substrate mechanics and fungal ecology. The knowledge from this study has a potential in accelerating sustainable manufacturing of mycelium-based composite by adjusting substrate mechanics.

Graphical Abstract
Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and extraction optimization of Distichochlamys orlowii rhizomes
Authors: Le Hong Luyen  , Nguyen Thi Linh  , Le Thi  Hong  
Published: August 2024

Distichochlamys orlowii is an endemic ginger species in Vietnam. The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidative capacity and extraction optimization of D. orlowii rhizomes (DO-R) for the first time. The results demonstrated that DO-R possessed more unsaturated fatty acids (53.10%) than saturated fatty acids (46.90%). Many unsaturated fatty acids of great health benefits were present, including trans-13-octadecenoic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), arachidonic acid (C20:4) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5). In addition, seven essential amino acids (EAA) were detected with 41.79 ± 1.02 mg. In comparison, ten non-essential amino acids (N-EAA) were found at a much higher amount of 252.09 ± 1.06 mg in 100 g DO-R. Valine and arginine were the most abundant EAA and N-EAA in DO-R. The methanol fraction from DO-R was shown to have a higher total phenolic content (TPC = 28.85 ± 0.74 mg GAE/g DW) and total flavonoid content (TFC = 14.03 ± 0.31 mg QE/g DW) than other fractions. In addition, this extract was also the most effective antioxidative agent with an IC50 value of 168.63 ± 4.83 and 153.80 ± 8.24 µg/mL against DPPH and ABTS radical, respectively. The highest extraction yield of DO-R in methanol (95.534 ± 0.593 mg/g DW) was achieved using response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design under the optimal parameters: a solid-liquid ratio of 1:40 g/mL, an ultrasonic power level of 80%, an extraction time of 60 min, and an extraction temperature of 58°C. In conclusion, D. orlowii can serve as a source of high-potential compounds for further pharmacological applications.
PAISAGEM E LITERATURA: O LUGAR NA OBRA DE ESCRITORES DE PETRÓPOLIS DO SÉCULO XX
Authors: Fachetti Ana Kyzzy , Pessôa José 
Published: August 2024

Entende-se que paisagens singulares se constituem em patrimônios culturais das cidades, na medida em que fazem parte do cotidiano dos cidadãos e estão presentes nas representações sociais. Petrópolis é uma cidade com qualidades ambientais marcantes e se destaca pela beleza do sítio onde está assentada, onde a Mata Atlântica, berço onde repousa toda a cidade, faz pano de fundo de seu patrimônio histórico edificado. Este trabalho tem como intuito despertar o olhar para a paisagem e o lugar em Petrópolis, que abrigam o seu patrimônio cultual e natural. Analisando poemas de autores petropolitanos, ou que falam da cidade, busca-se perceber como os lugares se formam nas falas desses artistas. A arte é uma grande aliada na proteção das paisagens e preservação do patrimônio cultural dos locais. A literatura, mais do que as artes visuais, descreve paisagens e lugares de uma forma mais ampla, pois pode captar, através da imaginação, as dimensões ocultas, aquilo que os olhos não veem. A arte, principalmente a literatura, mais acessível ao povo, voltada à leitura dos lugares, por consequência, do patrimônio das cidades, contribui para que todos tenham acesso a ele, o reconheçam como um bem que lhes pertence, o valorizem e o queiram preservar.
Pausas inspiratórias de 0,5 e 2,0 segundos durante avaliação de mecânica respiratória não produzem alterações hemodinâmicas em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica: estudo transversal
Authors: Dos Santos Thainá Regina , Santos Tainã de Jesus Cerqueira , Martinez Bruno Prata , Duarte Helder Brito 
Published: August 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: A interação coração-pulmão influenciada pela ventilação mecânica (VM), que impacta diretamente no retorno venoso e débito cardíaco através, e não somente, de ajustes da pressão positiva expiratória final (PEEP) e pressão média nas vias aéreas (Pmed). Além disso, as pausas inspiratórias para avaliação da mecânica pulmonar interrompem o movimento torácico, o que pode impactar mais nesta interação. OBJETIVO: Comparar as alterações hemodinâmicas durante os tempos de 0,5 e 2,0 segundos de pausa inspiratória durante as mensurações de mecânica respiratória. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado nas unidades de terapia intensivas de um hospital público de Salvador/BA. Foram incluídos pacientes em uso de VM e acima de 18 anos. Os excluídos foram aqueles que apresentassem instabilidade hemodinâmica e hipoxemia sustentada durante a avaliação. Para caracterização amostral, os pacientes foram divididos em grupos daqueles com e sem afecções pulmonares. Os principais dados coletados e analisados foram PEEP, Pmed, pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD), pressão arterial média (PAM), frequência cardíaca (FC). Para comparação de dados foram utilizados os testes Wilcoxon-Rank e Mann-Whitney para dados pareados e não pareados, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 37 pacientes, mediana de idade 63 anos, 19 (51,4%) do sexo masculino, 30 (81,1%) com diagnóstico admissional de natureza clínica. Não foram identificadas alterações hemodinâmicas estatisticamente significantes entre os tempos de pausa inspiratória de 0,5 e 2,0 segundos nas variáveis PAS (p=0,99), PAD (p=0,11), PAM (p=0,29) e FC (p=0,25). CONCLUSÃO: Não foram identificadas variações hemodinâmicas durante as mensurações da mecânica respiratória nas pausas de 0,5 e 2,0 segundos.
Status and Performance of the ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning System: 2019–2023
Authors: Lux Angela I. , Smith Deborah , Böse Maren , McGuire Jeffrey J. , Saunders Jessie K. , Huynh Minh , Stubailo Igor , Andrews Jennifer , Lotto Gabriel , Crowell Brendan , Crane Stephen , Allen Richard M. , Given Douglas , Hartog Renate , Heaton Thomas , Husker Allen , Marty Julien , O’Driscoll Leland , Tobin Harold , McBride Sara K. , Toomey Douglas 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)-operated ShakeAlert® system is the United States West Coast earthquake early warning system (Given et al., 2018). In this study we detail ShakeAlert’s performance during some of the largest events seen by the system thus far. Statewide public alerting using ShakeAlert messages was authorized in California in October 2019. Over the next few years, public alerts were expanded into Oregon and then into Washington (U.S. Geological Survey, 2024). ShakeAlert source results are routinely compared to the USGS Comprehensive Catalog (ComCat; Guy et al., 2015; U.S. Geological Survey, Earthquake Hazards Program, 2017), which contains the earthquake location and magnitude determined using complete waveform data. M 4.5 and larger is the threshold used for public alerting and was deliberately set below the level where damage is likely to compensate for cases where the system underestimates the magnitude. Between 17 October 2019 and 1 September 2023, the ShakeAlert system created 95 events with maximum magnitude estimates of M ≥4.5, the public alerting threshold. 94 of the 95 events were due to real earthquakes. Seven were categorized “false” per ShakeAlert’s internal definition that there was no matching catalog event within 100 km and 30 s of origin time; however, all but one of these were real earthquakes that were poorly located, primarily because they were at the edges of the seismic network. Three detected events were labeled “missed” because they were very poorly located (&gt;100 km location error). In addition, the system did not produce solutions for four ComCat events M ≥4.5 (U.S. Geological Survey, Earthquake Hazards Program, 2017), which were all at the edge of the alerting and network boundaries. The ShakeAlert system has accurately detected the majority of earthquakes that have occurred within the operational region since completing the public rollout, and alerts from the system have been delivered to millions of cell phone users throughout the West Coast.
Evaluating Prenatal Care Compliance and Barriers to Prenatal Care Among Pregnant Individuals in Forsyth County, North Carolina
Authors: Yapundich Morgan , Jeffries Rachel S. , Moore Justin B. , Mayfield Andrew M. , Namak Shahla Y. 
Published: August 2024

Background Individuals who gave birth from May 2021 through July 2021 at Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist (AHWFB) Hospital were surveyed to identify barriers to prenatal care (PNC), assess adequacy of PNC, and examine how these measures relate to race, ethnicity, and income. Methods A survey was administered to 200 individuals giving birth at AHWFB. Eligibility included English- or Spanish-speaking, aged 18 years or older, and a gestational age of 35 weeks or greater at delivery. Primary outcomes included PNC receipt and PNC barriers. Stratification by race, ethnicity, and income were also evaluated. Results PNC receipt rates were 81%, 87%, and 88% in the first 28 weeks, between 28 and 36 weeks, and after 36 weeks, respectively, with 76% of individuals receiving adequate PNC throughout pregnancy. Non-White or Hispanic participants experienced lower PNC rates in the first 28 weeks, and participants reporting an annual household income of less than $20,000 experienced lower PNC rates throughout pregnancy. While 19% of participants reported at least one barrier to PNC, the number of barriers reported did not differ based on race, ethnicity, or income. However, it was found that participants who reported at least one barrier were less likely to receive PNC throughout pregnancy. Limitations This study was limited by convenience sampling and the potential for recall bias. Conclusions: Although race, ethnicity, and income were not associated with the number of reported barriers, they did impact the likelihood of receiving adequate PNC. As self-reported race/ethnicity in our study likely served as a proxy for racism and race-based discrimination, future research should more formally investigate the role of structural racism in the receipt of PNC.
Veinte años después de la publicación del Informe Final de la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación. Entrevista al Dr. Salomón Lerner Febres, por la Dra. Mariella Villasante Cervello (Lima, 25 de septiembre de 2023)
Authors: Villasante Cervello Mariella 
Published: August 2024

No ha habido por parte del Estado la preocupación por educar a los jóvenes respecto de aquello que vivió el Perú entre 1980 y 2000, ni se ha valorado lo suficiente la labor de la CVR. A partir de la época de Fujimori se fue creando una historia paralela, y todos los crímenes perpetrados por el Estado, sobre todo aquellos que tuvieron como dirigente principal a Fujimori, quedaron desapercibidos, escondidos; y eran crímenes de Estado. Pero al menos en el terreno judicial sí se avanzó y fue una de las causales para la extradición de Fujimori y su condena. Además, las desapariciones forzadas fueron ocultadas, en lo que toca a los jefes militares, por el propio Estado, porque cuando se pedían al Ministerio de Defensa los nombres de los militares que habían actuado con seudónimos, la CVR no recibió ningún nombre. Asimismo, existe el Consejo de Reparaciones de las víctimas, creado en 2006; se ha reparado financieramente a víctimas individuales y colectivas por la presión social en la época del presidente García. Pero en las reparaciones morales y de la educación, de la salud, no se ha avanzado mucho. Los que han seguido mejor el IF son las poblaciones donde ha habido víctimas, son ellas las que recuerdan y reivindican mejor el trabajo de la CVR. Finalmente, donde se ha avanzado más es en el terreno de las artes, a través de películas, de teatro, de literatura.
Cultivation and Cultural Practices Followed in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) for Better Production: A Review
Authors: Nayak A. , Pattanaik A. , Samantaray P. , Pradhan I. , Sahoo R. , Mohanty S. 
Published: August 2024

Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) from dicotyledonous Caryophyllaceae family is one of the important floricultural crop is cultivated all-year-around in temperate areas. In addition, the lengthy vase life of carnations may have great implications for wholesale and retail markets. It is genetically a quantitative long day plant and sensitive to temperature, which is a major factor that influences the growth and flowering, color, grade and the quality of cut flowers. Commonly grown Chaubad and Marquerite carnation are propagated by seed and other different types can be propagated through different ways of propagations like terminal cutting and tissue culture. The soil should be ploughed thoroughly up to 80-100 cm. deep and organic manure is to be mixed with soil properly. Soil sterilization should be done prior to planting. Rooted cuttings of standard carnations are planted on raised beds with a spacing of 20×20 cm and spacing of 30×30 cm is ideal for spray carnations. However, the lateral shoot development is best at a density of 50 plants/m². Apart from major nutrients like N, P and K, Ca, Mg, B and Fe also play a crucial role in carnation nutrition. Spray of 0.1% urea and potassium nitrate (KNO3) and 1 ppm Boron at 10 days interval till flowering produces good quality flowers. The plastic nets having a mesh of 7.5-10cm supported by stakes of metal fixed at the corner of beds is an ideal method. During pinching, the tip of the stem is removed to encourage the growth of the standard or Sim Carnations. Only 4-6 well grown lateral shoots will be allowed to grow. Splitting carnation flower calyces; is one of major limiting factor that affect both pre and post-harvest quality of carnation flowers. The problem of calyx splitting can be controlled by regulating temperature. Higher nitrate to ammoniacal nitrogen ratio during low light periods are recommended to reduce splitting. The optimum stage of standard carnation for distant market is paint brush stage when petals have started to elongate outside the calyx. The spray varieties are harvested with 2 open flowers on each stem. The flowers after harvesting and grading should be pulsed with 10% sucrose+1mm silver thiosulfate (STS) for 8-10hr before transportation to increase storability and vase-life of cut carnations.
Performance of CO2 Adsorption on Modified Activated Carbons Derived from Okara Powder Waste: Impacts of Ammonia Impregnation
Authors: Hoang Tuan-Dung , Liu Yan , Le Minh Thang 
Published: August 2024

: The activated carbons (ACs) derived from okara powder waste with high surface areas were modified with ammonia aqueous solution impregnation in an autoclave to enhance their CO2 adsorption properties toward CO2. The impregnated ACs were characterized in which surface chemical composition and properties of the ACs were analyzed by SEM-EDX, FTIR. Activated carbons were functionalized with ammonia aqueous solution (25%) through a hydrothermal process within 24; 48, and 72 hours. The adsorption performance of CO2 onto carbon samples was experimentally evaluated through a TPD CO2 measurement. FTIR spectra confirm the N-containing in N-modified activated carbons and the presence of the –C = O stretch and N-H groups. CO2 uptakes of N-modified activated carbons are 0.24; 1.78; 2.24 and 1.26 mmol/g, which are relatively comparable with those of activated carbons studied in in the literature.