bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpolation of set-valued functions
Authors: Dyn Nira , Levin David , Muzaffar Qusay 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Given a finite number of samples of a continuous set-valued function F, mapping an interval to compact subsets of the real line, we develop good approximations of F, which can be computed efficiently. In the first stage, we develop an efficient algorithm for computing an interpolant to $F$, inspired by the ‘metric polynomial interpolation’, which is based on the theory in Dyn et al. (2014, Approximation of Set-Valued Functions: Adaptation of Classical Approximation Operators. Imperial College Press). By this theory, a ‘metric polynomial interpolant’ is a collection of polynomial interpolants to all the ‘metric chains’ of the given samples of $F$. For set-valued functions whose graphs have nonempty interior, the collection of these ‘metric chains’ can be infinite. Our algorithm computes a small finite subset of ‘significant metric chains’, which is sufficient for approximating $F$. For the class of Lipschitz continuous functions with samples at the roots of the Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind, we prove that the error incurred by our computed interpolant decays with increasing number of interpolation points in the same rate as in the case of interpolation by the metric polynomial interpolant. This is also demonstrated by our numerical examples. For the class of set-valued functions whose graphs have smooth boundaries, we extend our algorithm to achieve a high-precision detection of the points of topology change, followed by a high-order approximation of the boundaries of the graph of F. We further discuss the case of set-valued functions whose graphs have ‘holes’ with Hölder-type singularities at the points of change of topology. To treat this case we apply some special approximation ideas near the singular points of the holes. We analyze the approximation order of the algorithm, including the error in approximating the points of change of topology, and show by several numerical examples the capability of obtaining high-order approximation of the holes.
TrajVis: a visual clinical decision support system to translate artificial intelligence trajectory models in the precision management of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Li Zuotian , Liu Xiang , Tang Ziyang , Jin Nanxin , Zhang Pengyue , Eadon Michael T , Song Qianqian , Chen Yingjie V , Su Jing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
Our objective is to develop and validate TrajVis, an interactive tool that assists clinicians in using artificial intelligence (AI) models to leverage patients’ longitudinal electronic medical records (EMRs) for personalized precision management of chronic disease progression.

Materials and Methods
We first perform requirement analysis with clinicians and data scientists to determine the visual analytics tasks of the TrajVis system as well as its design and functionalities. A graph AI model for chronic kidney disease (CKD) trajectory inference named DisEase PrOgression Trajectory (DEPOT) is used for system development and demonstration. TrajVis is implemented as a full-stack web application with synthetic EMR data derived from the Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Translational Data Warehouse and the Indiana Network for Patient Care research database. A case study with a nephrologist and a user experience survey of clinicians and data scientists are conducted to evaluate the TrajVis system.

Results
The TrajVis clinical information system is composed of 4 panels: the Patient View for demographic and clinical information, the Trajectory View to visualize the DEPOT-derived CKD trajectories in latent space, the Clinical Indicator View to elucidate longitudinal patterns of clinical features and interpret DEPOT predictions, and the Analysis View to demonstrate personal CKD progression trajectories. System evaluations suggest that TrajVis supports clinicians in summarizing clinical data, identifying individualized risk predictors, and visualizing patient disease progression trajectories, overcoming the barriers of AI implementation in healthcare.

Discussion
The TrajVis system provides a novel visualization solution which is complimentary to other risk estimators such as the Kidney Failure Risk Equations.

Conclusion
TrajVis bridges the gap between the fast-growing AI/ML modeling and the clinical use of such models for personalized and precision management of chronic diseases.
Disparities in ABO blood type determination across diverse ancestries: a systematic review and validation in the All of Us Research Program
Authors: Martinez Kiana L , Klein Andrew , Martin Jennifer R , Sampson Chinwuwanuju U , Giles Jason B , Beck Madison L , Bhakta Krupa , Quatraro Gino , Farol Juvie , Karnes Jason H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
ABO blood types have widespread clinical use and robust associations with disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the portability and suitability of tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) used to determine ABO alleles and blood types across diverse populations in published literature.

Materials and Methods
Bibliographic databases were searched for studies using tSNPs to determine ABO alleles. We calculated linkage between tSNPs and functional variants across inferred continental ancestry groups from 1000 Genomes. We compared r2 across ancestry and assessed real-world consequences by comparing tSNP-derived blood types to serology in a diverse population from the All of Us Research Program.

Results
Linkage between functional variants and O allele tSNPs was significantly lower in African (median r2 = 0.443) compared to East Asian (r2 = 0.946, P = 1.1 × 10−5) and European (r2 = 0.869, P = .023) populations. In All of Us, discordance between tSNP-derived blood types and serology was high across all SNPs in African ancestry individuals and linkage was strongly correlated with discordance across all ancestries (ρ = −0.90, P = 3.08 × 10−23).

Discussion
Many studies determine ABO blood types using tSNPs. However, tSNPs with low linkage disequilibrium promote misinference of ABO blood types, particularly in diverse populations. We observe common use of inappropriate tSNPs to determine ABO blood type, particularly for O alleles and with some tSNPs mistyping up to 58% of individuals.

Conclusion
Our results highlight the lack of transferability of tSNPs across ancestries and potential exacerbation of disparities in genomic research for underrepresented populations. This is especially relevant as more diverse cohorts are made publicly available.
Seeing across variable ecological and social environments: comparative eye morphology of marine and terrestrial hermit crabs (Decapoda: Anomura: Coenobitidae, Paguridae)
Authors: Steele Elliott P , Laidre Mark E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Vision is a ubiquitous sensory modality adapted to vastly different environments, which place variable selection pressures on both macro- and microscopic dimensions of external eye morphology. The hermit crab clade (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) spans environments from sea to land, yet, no systematic comparisons in eye morphology have been made between any species. We compared three species of hermit crabs inhabiting different ecological and social environments: two terrestrial species, one of which (Coenobita compressusH. Milne Edwards, 1837) is highly social and inhabits a flat, open diurnal habitat, and another (C. clypeatus Herbst, 1791) is its sister species that inhabits a rugged forested nocturnal habitat; and a third (Pagurus longicarpusSay, 1817) inhabits a marine intertidal habitat and is less social. We compared macroscopic eye morphology between species as well as microscopic differences in ommatidium-facet density and diameter within eyes. We found that eye dimensions (length, width, and thickness), but not overall volume, differed significantly between marine and terrestrial species. Furthermore, the highly social C. compressus had a significantly larger eye volume compared to its sister species, C. clypeatus, which is not as social. Larger eyes in C. compressus might be linked to its social lifestyle, where vision has been shown to be critical to finding conspecifics. All three species had a higher density of facets in the ventral compared to dorsal region of the eye. Our comparisons of external eye morphology revealed microscopic similarities but notable macroscopic variation between species, thus laying a foundation for future phylogenetically controlled tests within this species-rich clade, including comparisons of internal eye morphology.
Character development over happiness: the aesthetic foundation of John Stuart Mill’s philosophy of education
Authors: Eytan Yuval 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Despite the many interpretive disputes regarding John Stuart Mill’s philosophy of education, there is wide agreement that Mill saw education as the most necessary and significant means of promoting human happiness. I challenge this view by claiming that Mill belongs to a broad philosophical trend of his time that rejected the conception of human nature that stands at the foundation of the modern ideal of happiness according to which human freedom is expressed in the autonomous pursuit of self-satisfaction. Instead, he embraced an understanding of humans as unique beings whose freedom is expressed in the development of original characters. I argue that the change in Mill’s perception of truth that occurred during his mental crisis led him to understand these processes as open—they are not subject to any static or universal purpose since freedom is understood as the ability of individuals to alter their purposes according to the internal changes they experience. My claim regarding the negation of happiness in Mill’s thought provides an answer to the question, largely neglected in the literature, of why, unlike many thinkers associated with the tradition to which he belonged, he chose not to elucidate the operative steps necessary to promote happiness in a book dedicated to education. I conclude by claiming that his use of the utilitarian lexicon is not accidental and does not reveal internal contradictions, but is a tactical move intended to enable the optimal conditions for creating significant change in people.
Detection of Bullying and Other Forms of Victimization
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Detection of bullying and other forms of maltreatment is a critical mechanism in the secondary prevention of victimization and related toxicity and paves the way for appropriate intervention to stop ongoing abuse and for treatment of associated morbidity. There is limited literature available that addresses the detection of school bullying, but there is an extensive range of studies that deal with the need for, and approaches for, identifying other forms of victimization, such as cyberbullying, intimate partner violence, and childhood maltreatment. In this context, this chapter puts forward the notion of universal screening for victimization and related morbidity by all health practitioners, and it also suggests implementation approaches that could lead to intervention to halt ongoing maltreatment and to mental health treatment for associated morbidity.
Bullying and Other Forms of Maltreatment in the School Milieu
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews what is known about the nature of bullying in the school milieu as maltreatment among peers. It examines the roles of students who are bullies, victims, or both, as well as individuals who may help to prevent or protect as bystanders, school staff, and parents. Furthermore, it reviews the potential reciprocal victimization between teachers and students, while highlighting serious concerns about schools that use corporal punishment. Moreover, the chapter advances the notion of the school milieu as a workplace environment, where school bullying or maltreatment can include instances of mismanagement, abuse, or neglect that are beyond physical aggression. These instances include psychological harassment or indirect bullying and are almost uniquely related to the work environment, particularly the notion of overwork.
Maltreatment in the Neighborhood
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the available studies focusing on the nature, prevalence, and effects of victimization occurring in open public areas of the neighborhood. In this context, the chapter reviews what is known about bullying, violence, aggression, discrimination, harassment, incivility, and nuisance that can be experienced or witnessed by a person of any age in the open public places of the local area where the person lives, studies, works, shops, plays, walks, runs, or drives through. Specifically, the chapter addresses the themes of youth participation in bullying or physical fights in open public places; street victimization by strangers; gang violence; community crime victimization; neighborhood feeling of safety; fears of crime, mass shootings, and terrorism; perceived discrimination in the community; street harassment; dangerous driving and road rage; incivility toward pedestrians or cyclists; and neighborhood nuisance. Future research should aim to further the understanding of the nature, prevalence, and public health consequences of different forms of maltreatment occurring in the neighborhood. Advancing this line of research should bring the topic of neighborhood maltreatment to a level of development comparable to the level achieved by studies of victimization in other milieus, such as the home, school, workplace, and cyberspace.
Helium reionization from empirical quasar luminosity functions before and after JWST
Authors: Basu Arghyadeep , Garaldi Enrico , Ciardi Benedetta 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Recently, models of the quasar luminosity function (QLF) rooted on large observational compilations have been produced that, unlike their predecessors, feature a smooth evolution with time. This bypasses the need to assume an ionizing emissivity evolution when simulating helium reionization with observations-based QLF, thus yielding more robust constraints. We combine one such QLF with a cosmological hydrodynamical simulation and 3D multifrequency radiative transfer. The simulated reionization history is consistently delayed in comparison to most other models in the literature. The predicted intergalactic medium temperature is larger than the observed one at $z \lesssim 3$. Through forward modelling of the He ii Lyman $\alpha$ forest, we show that our model produces an extended helium reionization and successfully matches the bulk of the observed effective optical depth distribution, although it overionizes the Universe at $z\lesssim 2.8$ as the effect of small-scale Lyman Limit Systems not being resolved. We thoroughly characterize transmission regions and dark gaps in He ii Lyman $\alpha$ forest sightlines. We quantify their sensitivity to the helium reionization, opening a new avenue for further observational studies of this epoch. Finally, we explore the implications for helium reionization of the large number of active galactic nuclei revealed at $z\gtrsim 5$ by JWST. We find that such modifications do not affect any observable at $z\le 4$, except in our most extreme model, indicating that the observed abundance of high-z AGNs does not bear consequences for helium reionization.
Cosmological forecast of the void size function measurement from the CSST spectroscopic survey
Authors: Song Yingxiao , Xiong Qi , Gong Yan , Deng Furen , Chan Kwan Chuen , Chen Xuelei , Guo Qi , Han Jiaxin , Li Guoliang , Li Ming , Liu Yun , Luo Yu , Pei Wenxiang , Wei Chengliang 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Void size function (VSF) contains the information of the cosmic large-scale structure (LSS), and can be used to derive the properties of dark energy and dark matter. We predict the VSFs measured from the spectroscopic galaxy survey operated by China’s Space Survey Telescope (CSST), and study the strength of cosmological constraint. We employ a high-resolution Jiutian simulation to get CSST galaxy mock samples based on an improved semi-analytical model. We identify voids from this galaxy catalogue using the watershed algorithm without assuming a spherical shape, and estimate the VSFs at different redshift bins from $z=0.5$ to 1.1. We propose a void selection method based on the ellipticity, and assume the void linear underdensity threshold $\delta _{\rm v}$ in the theoretical model is redshift-dependent and set it as a free parameter in each redshift bin. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is adopted to implement the constraints on the cosmological and void parameters. We find that the CSST VSF measurement can constrain the cosmological parameters to a few per cent level. The best-fitting values of $\delta _{\rm v}$ are ranging from $\sim -0.4$ to $-0.1$ as the redshift increases from 0.5 to 1.1, which has a distinct difference from the theoretical calculation with $\delta _{\rm v}\simeq -2.7$ assuming the spherical evolution and using particles as tracer. Our method can provide a good reference for the void identification and selection in the VSF analysis of the spectroscopic galaxy surveys.
SUMO protease and proteasome recruitment at the nuclear periphery differently affect replication dynamics at arrested forks
Authors: Schirmeisen Kamila , Naiman Karel , Fréon Karine , Besse Laetitia , Chakraborty Shrena , Saada Anissia Ait , Carr Antony M , Kramarz Karol , Lambert Sarah A E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) have emerged as genome organizers, defining a particular nuclear compartment enriched for SUMO protease and proteasome activities, and act as docking sites for the repair of DNA damage. In fission yeast, the anchorage of perturbed replication forks to NPCs is an integral part of the recombination-dependent replication restart mechanism (RDR) that resumes DNA synthesis at terminally dysfunctional forks. By mapping DNA polymerase usage, we report that SUMO protease Ulp1-associated NPCs ensure efficient initiation of restarted DNA synthesis, whereas proteasome-associated NPCs sustain the progression of restarted DNA polymerase. In contrast to Ulp1-dependent events, this last function is not alleviated by preventing SUMO chain formation. By analyzing the role of the nuclear basket, the nucleoplasmic extension of the NPC, we reveal that the activities of Ulp1 and the proteasome cannot compensate for each other and affect the dynamics of RDR in distinct ways. Our work probes two distinct mechanisms by which the NPC environment ensures optimal RDR, both controlled by different NPC components.
Resolution of ribosomal stalling by EF-P and ABCF ATPases YfmR and YkpA/YbiT
Authors: Takada Hiraku , Fujiwara Keigo , Atkinson Gemma C , Chiba Shinobu , Hauryliuk Vasili 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Efficiency of protein synthesis on the ribosome is strongly affected by the amino acid composition of the assembled amino acid chain. Challenging sequences include proline-rich motifs as well as highly positively and negatively charged amino acid stretches. Members of the F subfamily of ABC ATPases (ABCFs) have been long hypothesised to promote translation of such problematic motifs. In this study we have applied genetics and reporter-based assays to characterise the four housekeeping ABCF ATPases of Bacillus subtilis: YdiF, YfmM, YfmR/Uup and YkpA/YbiT. We show that YfmR cooperates with the translation factor EF-P that promotes translation of Pro-rich motifs. Simultaneous loss of both YfmR and EF-P results in a dramatic growth defect. Surprisingly, this growth defect can be largely suppressed though overexpression of an EF-P variant lacking the otherwise crucial 5-amino-pentanolylated residue K32. Using in vivo reporter assays, we show that overexpression of YfmR can alleviate ribosomal stalling on Asp-Pro motifs. Finally, we demonstrate that YkpA/YbiT promotes translation of positively and negatively charged motifs but is inactive in resolving ribosomal stalls on proline-rich stretches. Collectively, our results provide insights into the function of ABCF translation factors in modulating protein synthesis in B. subtilis.
Genome-wide polygenic risk scores predict risk of glioma and molecular subtypes
Authors: Nakase Taishi , Guerra Geno A , Ostrom Quinn T , Ge Tian , Melin Beatrice S , Wrensch Margaret , Wiencke John K , Jenkins Robert B , Eckel-Passow Jeanette E ,   Glioma International Case-Control Study (GICC), Bondy Melissa L , Francis Stephen S , Kachuri Linda 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Polygenic risk scores (PRS) aggregate the contribution of many risk variants to provide a personalized genetic susceptibility profile. Since sample sizes of glioma genome-wide association studies (GWAS) remain modest, there is a need to efficiently capture genetic risk using available data.

Methods
We applied a method based on continuous shrinkage priors (PRS-CS) to model the joint effects of over 1 million common variants on disease risk and compared this to an approach (PRS-CT) that only selects a limited set of independent variants that reach genome-wide significance (P &lt; 5 × 10–8). PRS models were trained using GWAS stratified by histological (10 346 cases and 14 687 controls) and molecular subtype (2632 cases and 2445 controls), and validated in 2 independent cohorts.

Results
PRS-CS was generally more predictive than PRS-CT with a median increase in explained variance (R2) of 24% (interquartile range = 11–30%) across glioma subtypes. Improvements were pronounced for glioblastoma (GBM), with PRS-CS yielding larger odds ratios (OR) per standard deviation (SD) (OR = 1.93, P = 2.0 × 10–54 vs. OR = 1.83, P = 9.4 × 10–50) and higher explained variance (R2 = 2.82% vs. R2 = 2.56%). Individuals in the 80th percentile of the PRS-CS distribution had a significantly higher risk of GBM (0.107%) at age 60 compared to those with average PRS (0.046%, P = 2.4 × 10–12). Lifetime absolute risk reached 1.18% for glioma and 0.76% for IDH wildtype tumors for individuals in the 95th PRS percentile. PRS-CS augmented the classification of IDH mutation status in cases when added to demographic factors (AUC = 0.839 vs. AUC = 0.895, PΔAUC = 6.8 × 10–9).

Conclusions
Genome-wide PRS has the potential to enhance the detection of high-risk individuals and help distinguish between prognostic glioma subtypes.
Personal protective equipment impacts firefighters’ anaerobic fitness
Authors: Papadakis Z , Stamatis A , Beitia P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is vital for firefighters’ safety and effectiveness during daily operations. However, concerns have emerged about its potential impact on firefighters’ anaerobic fitness (AF), which is crucial for their operational readiness. The Physical Ability Test (PAT) is used to assess readiness, but there is inconsistency among fire departments regarding whether PAT is conducted with full PPE or regular exercise clothing. This variation in testing conditions may exacerbate the stress on firefighters’ AF.

Aims
To analyse differences in firefighters’ AF performance while wearing full PPE compared to regular exercise clothing.

Methods
We studied two cohorts totalling 62 firefighters from specific fire departments in South Florida. We conducted occupation-specific AF tests, including handgrip dynamometry (HG), vertical jump (VJ), Margaria–Kalamen (MK), and a 300-yard shuttle run (300YD), both with full PPE (WPPE) and without PPE (NPPE). We adjusted AF variables for body weight (e.g. NPPE) and occupational weight (e.g. WPPE) and used a repeated-measures design in Jamovi (P &lt; 0.05).

Results
Wearing WPPE significantly reduced relative HG strength by 59%, VJ peak power by 11%, and MK mean power by 49%, while increased 300YD completion time by 18%.

Conclusions
The study reveals that PPE substantially impairs firefighters’ anaerobic performance during occupation-specific tests. This emphasizes the need for tailored AF training programs to support the anaerobic system and related performance while wearing PPE, acknowledging the significance of occupational specificity in assessing firefighters’ fitness components.