bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Statute of Kilkenny (1366): Legislation and the State
Authors: Green David 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article offers a re‐evaluation of the notorious Statute of Kilkenny by placing it within a broader context of English state development in the fourteenth century. It argues that the Statute needs to be understood as part of a wider political and legislative programme shaped by military expansionism and the upheaval of the Black Death. Although racially motivated, at least in part, the Statute should not be seen as attempting to engineer a form of apartheid in Anglo‐Ireland. Rather it was representative of a broader governing culture and compares closely with legislation enforced not only in the other Plantagenet dominions but also in England itself.
Gender Equality Policies and Practices in Croatia – The Interplay of Transition and Late Europeanization
Authors: Dobrotić Ivana , Matković Teo , Zrinščak Siniša 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article contributes to understanding change in gender regimes in post‐communist countries. Using Croatia as a case, it juxtaposes the observed change in key indicators of the position of women in various walks of life with the context of the European gender agenda and the positions of actors involved in the national political arena and policies introduced throughout the transition period.The article reviews the previous enlargement waves and indicates that the gender agenda was added to the negotiation process rather late – primarily via the EU accession conditionality requirement. Although narrow in scope and often limited in impact to just ‘paper compliance’ with EU legislation, it opened discussions in the gender equality area in post‐communist countries and empowered women's organizations. In all the countries, the implementation of the European agenda was heavily influenced by the power and discourses of the main actors involved.The article provides a map of social actors involved, together with gender‐related policies as they have changed in three distinct periods in Croatia. The final analysis of observed practices and structures indicates very slow change and the crucial impact of structural and institutional developments as well as economic cycles, but little association of observed developments with dominant discourses or policies implemented over the past two decades.
EnPronominalization in French and the Structure of Nominal Expressions
Authors: Ihsane Tabea 
Published: February 2013

Abstract. In this paper, I tackle the question of the syntactic source of the cliticenin French, debated in the literature since the late 1970s (Kayne 1977 and Milner 1978). The aim is not only to find out whatenpronominalizes but also to provide an analysis of nominal expressions able to account for (i) the quantitative, partitive, and genitive examples discussed by Milner (1978) and for (ii) the fact thatdu/desNPs can be replaced byenin some contexts only.What I suggest to account for the issues raised byenpronominalization is that quantitative nominals anddu/desNPs have a unified structure that takes notions like number, quantity, and count/mass into account and thatdu/desNPs belong to different categories—that is, that their left periphery is composed differently. The idea is that, in addition to PPs,encan replace different layers of a nominal structure with an articulated left periphery and a fine‐grained inflectional domain, in a cartographic spirit. The property underlying all uses ofencould be their lack of referentiality, as observed by Gross (1973) for quantitativeen.
Whole Genome Sequencing and Comparative Analysis of Bartonella bacilliformis Strain INS, the Causative Agent of Carrion's Disease
Authors: Tarazona D. , Padilla C. , Cáceres O. , Montenegro J. D. , Bailón H. , Ventura G. , Mendoza G. , Anaya E. , Guio H. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Bartonella bacilliformis
is the etiological agent of human bartonellosis, which is highly endemic to Peru. Here, we report the first genome that was sequenced and analyzed from an isolate of
B. bacilliformis
strain INS, which originally was isolated from the blood of an infected patient with an acute phase of Carrion's disease from Jaén-Cajamarca, Peru.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Herpotrichiellaceae
sp. UM 238 Isolated from Human Skin Scraping
Authors: Ng Kee Peng , Yew Su Mei , Chan Chai Ling , Tan Ruixin , Soo-Hoo Tuck Soon , Na Shiang Ling , Hassan Hamimah , Ngeow Yun Fong , Hoh Chee-Choong , Lee Kok Wei , Yee Wai-Yan 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Herpotrichiellaceae
spp. are known to be opportunistic human pathogens. Here, we report the ~28.46-Mb draft genome of
Herpotrichiellaceae
sp. UM 238, isolated from human skin scraping. The UM 238 genome was found to contain many classes of protective genes that are responsible for fungal adaptation under adverse environmental conditions.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Newcastle Disease Virus Strains of Genotype VIII
Authors: Cao Yongzhong , Gu Min , Zhang Xiaorong , Liu Wenbo , Liu Xiufan 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
Here, the whole genome sequences of two Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) of genotype VIII, which were isolated from west China in the 1980s, were determined and characterized phylogenetically. This is the first report with respect to the complete genomic information of genotype VIII NDV strains.
Genome Sequence of
Moraxella macacae
0408225, a Novel Bacterial Species Isolated from a Cynomolgus Macaque with Epistaxis
Authors: Ladner Jason T. , Whitehouse Chris A. , Koroleva Galina I. , Palacios Gustavo F. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Moraxella macacae
is a recently described bacterial species that has been associated with at least two outbreaks of epistaxis in macaques. Here we present the first genome sequence of this novel species, isolated from a symptomatic cynomolgus macaque at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Nitrate- and Phosphate-Accumulating
Bacillus
sp. Strain MCC0008
Authors: DebRoy Shreya , Bhattacharjee Amrita , Thakur Ashoke Ranjan , RayChaudhuri Shaon 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the nitrate- and phosphate-accumulating
Bacillus
sp. strain MCC0008, isolated from a consortium enriched from municipal sewage in nitrate broth (HiMedia M439). The total size of the genome is 5,609,456 bp, with a G+C content of 35.1%.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Alphaproteobacterium, Caenispirillum salinarum AK4
T
, Isolated from a Solar Saltern
Authors: Khatri Indu , Singh Aditya , Korpole Suresh , Pinnaka Anil Kumar , Subramanian Srikrishna 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the 4.9-Mb genome sequence of
Caenispirillum salinarum
AK4
T
isolated from a sediment sample collected from a solar saltern at Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Systematic simulation-based team training in a Swedish intensive care unit: a diverse response among critical care professions
Authors: Meurling Lisbet , Hedman Leif , Sandahl Christer , Felländer-Tsai Li , Wallin Carl-Johan 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundTeamwork—that is, collaboration and communication—is an important factor for safe healthcare, but professions perceive the quality of teamwork differently.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between simulation-based team training (SBTT) and different professions’ self-efficacy, experienced quality of collaboration and communication, perceptions of teamwork and safety, together with staff turnover.MethodsAll staff (n=151; physicians, nurses and nurse assistants) in an intensive care unit (ICU) at a university hospital were systematically trained over 2 years. Data on individual self-efficacy were measured using the self-efficacy questionnaire; the experienced quality of collaboration and communication, teamwork climate, safety climate and perception of working conditions were sampled using the ICU version of the safety attitudes questionnaire (SAQ). Staff turnover and sick leave was measured using the hospital's staff administration system for the intervention ICU and a control ICU in the same hospital.ResultsThe perception of safety differed between professions before training. Nurses’ and physicians’ mean self-efficacy scores improved, and nurse assistants’ perceived quality of collaboration and communication with physician specialists improved after training. Nurse assistants’ perception of the SAQ factors teamwork climate, safety climate and working conditions were more positive after the project as well as nurses’ perception of safety climate. The number of nurses quitting their job and nurse assistants’ time on sick leave was reduced in comparison to the control ICU during the study period.LimitationsResults for SAQ factors must be interpreted with caution given that Cronbach's α and inter-correlations for the SAQ factors showed lower values than benchmarking data.ConclusionsAll team members benefited from the SBTT in an authentic composed team, but this was expressed differently for the respective professions.
Transient Exposure to Quizartinib Mediates Sustained Inhibition of FLT3 Signaling while Specifically Inducing Apoptosis in FLT3-Activated Leukemia Cells
Authors: Gunawardane Ruwanthi N. , Nepomuceno Ronald R. , Rooks Allison M. , Hunt Jeremy P. , Ricono Jill M. , Belli Barbara , Armstrong Robert C. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). FLT3-activating internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations are found in approximately 30% of patients with AML and are associated with poor outcome in this patient population. Quizartinib (AC220) has previously been shown to be a potent and selective FLT3 inhibitor. In the current study, we expand on previous observations by showing that quizartinib potently inhibits the phosphorylation of FLT3 and downstream signaling molecules independent of FLT3 genotype, yet induces loss of viability only in cells expressing constitutively activated FLT3. We further show that transient exposure to quizartinib, whether in vitro or in vivo, leads to prolonged inhibition of FLT3 signaling, induction of apoptosis, and drastic reductions in tumor volume and pharmacodynamic endpoints. In vitro experiments suggest that these prolonged effects are mediated by slow binding kinetics that provide for durable inhibition of the kinase following drug removal/clearance. Together these data suggest quizartinib, with its unique combination of selectivity and potent/sustained inhibition of FLT3, may provide a safe and effective treatment against FLT3-driven leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(4); 438–47. ©2013 AACR.
Coexistence between the Formal and Informal Justice Systems in Ethiopia: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Wourji Tsehai Wada 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Though Ethiopia has never been colonized, the voluntary importation of European laws and the exercise in nation building has resulted in a situation whereby the formal and informal legal systems have to coexist in harmony or disharmony. Both systems are extant, though the future appears to be favourable for the prevalence of the formal system. This article argues that the informal system is showing signs of irrelevance and may be prevailed by the formal. It also counsels that the formal system should be helped to cleanse itself from the many shortcomings that are challenging its relevance and legitimacy.
The Media in Venezuela and Bolivia
Authors: Lupien Pascal 
Published: February 2013

The media in Latin America are characterized by an extremely high level of market concentration, resulting in the representation of a narrow set of perspectives. Movements that would challenge the hegemony of the dominant social classes are portrayed as dangerous and reckless. The election of “bad left” governments with strong majorities through the very representative institutions that those in the media claim to defend has created a dilemma for those who oppose social change. Unable to discredit the results of the elections, the private media have sought to attack the legitimacy of these governments from below by framing their supporters as mindless followers or as dangerous, irrational mobs. All of this highlights the fact that the current structure of the media in Latin America denies individuals from the lower strata the right to be heard and, more generally, denies the public the right to the information pluralism that is required for democracy to function. Los medios de comunicación en América Latina se caracterizan por su alto nivel de concentración en el mercado, lo cual resulta en la representación de una estrecha gama de perspectivas. A los movimientos que desafían la hegemonía de las clases sociales dominantes se les pinta de peligrosos e imprudentes. La elección de gobiernos de “mala izquierda” con fuertes mayorías, por medio de las mismas instituciones representativas que los de los medios declaran defender, ha creado un dilema para los que se oponen al cambio social. Incapaces de desacreditar los resultados de las elecciones, los medios privados han intentado atacar la legitimidad de estos gobiernos tachando a sus partidarios de seguidores ciegos o turbas irracionales y peligrosas. Todo esto pone en relieve el hecho de que la estructura actual de los medios en América Latina niega a las personas de bajo estrato el derecho a ser escuchadas, y, más generalmente, se le niega al público el derecho al pluralismo informativo que se requiere para que funcione una democracia.
‘Can practice undertaken by patients be increased simply through implementing agreed national guidelines?’ An observational study
Authors: Huijben-Schoenmakers Marleen , Rademaker Arno , Scherder Erik 
Published: February 2013

Objective: To increase autonomous practice time of patients on the stroke unit of a nursing home. Intervention: Nurses stimulated and coached patients with the help of four interventions (muscle strengthening, sitting balance and reach, getting up from a chair, walking) from the evidence-based Clinical Nursing Rehabilitation Stroke Guidelines. Design: An observational study. Practice time of elderly stroke patients in this study was compared with the time observed in our previous study in the same setting. Setting: Rehabilitation units of a nursing home in the Netherlands. Subjects: Seventeen frail stroke patients, including 8 men, 9 women, with a mean age of 75.8 (SD ± 9) and 17 subjects with the same characteristics who participated in a previous observational study. Main measures: Time spent on therapeutic activities was measured using the Behavioral Mapping method. Results: The time spent on therapeutic activities increased significantly from 103.5 minutes measured in our previous study to 156.5 minutes in this study ( Z = 2.86; P < 0.005; d′ = 1.09) The mean Barthel Index score was 8.8 (SD ± 4.1). The patients with more possibilities were more active, resulting in a significant positive Barthel Index–therapy time relationship ( r = 0.73, P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: The autonomous practice time of older fragile comorbid stroke patients increased during the weekdays. Patients, stimulated and challenged by nurses, exercise harder and more according to their possibilities. Since this guideline was developed especially for nurses, nurses can stimulate stroke patients to contribute more to autonomous practice and therefore help their recovery.
Video Incident Analysis of Concussions in Boys’ High School Lacrosse
Authors: Lincoln Andrew E. , Caswell Shane V. , Almquist Jon L. , Dunn Reginald E. , Hinton Richard Y. 
Published: February 2013

Background: Boys’ lacrosse has one of the highest rates of concussion among boys’ high school sports. A thorough understanding of injury mechanisms and game situations associated with concussions in boys’ high school lacrosse is necessary to target injury prevention efforts. Purpose: To characterize common game-play scenarios and mechanisms of injury associated with concussions in boys’ high school lacrosse using game video. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: In 25 public high schools of a single school system, 518 boys’ lacrosse games were videotaped by trained videographers during the 2008 and 2009 seasons. Video of concussion incidents was examined to identify game characteristics and injury mechanisms using a lacrosse-specific coding instrument. Results: A total of 34 concussions were captured on video. All concussions resulted from player-to-player bodily contact. Players were most often injured when contact was unanticipated or players were defenseless (n = 19; 56%), attempting to pick up a loose ball (n = 16; 47%), and/or ball handling (n = 14; 41%). Most frequently, the striking player’s head (n = 27; 79%) was involved in the collision, and the struck player’s head was the initial point of impact in 20 incidents (59%). In 68% (n = 23) of cases, a subsequent impact with the playing surface occurred immediately after the initial impact. A penalty was called in 26% (n = 9) of collisions. Conclusion: Player-to-player contact was the mechanism for all concussions. Most commonly, injured players were unaware of the pending contact, and the striking player used his head to initiate contact. Further investigation of preventive measures such as education of coaches and officials and enforcement of rules designed to prevent intentional head-to-head contact is warranted to reduce the incidence of concussions in boys’ lacrosse.
An open clinical trial assessing a novel training program for social cognitive impairment in schizophrenia
Authors: Marsh Pamela , Langdon Robyn , McGuire Jonathan , Harris Anthony , Polito Vince , Coltheart Max 
Published: February 2013

Objective: Social cognition is profoundly impaired in patients with schizophrenia. This study describes ‘Mental-State Reasoning Training for Social Cognitive Impairment’ (SoCog-MSRT), a 5-week program developed to improve social cognition in patients with schizophrenia. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of implementing SoCog-MSRT in a rehabilitation setting and to evaluate whether our training methods produced improvements. Method The feasibility and benefits of SoCog-MSRT were evaluated in an open clinical trial with 14 participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Training comprised 10 twice-weekly sessions, for 5 weeks, with a pre- and post-training assessment. Results: There were significant improvements on: (a) a classic false-belief test of Theory of Mind (ToM); (b) inferring complex mental states from the eyes; and (c) a self-reported measure of social understanding. Some of these improvements were associated with baseline levels of working memory and premorbid Intelligence Quotient (IQ). Conclusions SoCog-MSRT can improve ToM abilities and social understanding, but individuals with poorer working memory and lower premorbid IQ may be less able to benefit from this type of training.
New enumeration algorithm for protein structure comparison and classification
Authors: Ashby Cody , Johnson Daniel , Walker Karl , Kanj Iyad A , Xia Ge , Huang Xiuzhen 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
Protein structure comparison and classification is an effective method for exploring protein structure-function relations. This problem is computationally challenging. Many different computational approaches for protein structure comparison apply the secondary structure elements (SSEs) representation of protein structures.

Results
We study the complexity of the protein structure comparison problem based on a mixed-graph model with respect to different computational frameworks. We develop an effective approach for protein structure comparison based on a novel independent set enumeration algorithm. Our approach (named: ePC, e fficient e numeration-based P rotein structure C omparison) is tested for general purpose protein structure comparison as well as for specific protein examples. Compared with other graph-based approaches for protein structure comparison, the theoretical running-time O(1.47
rn

n
2) of our approach ePC is significantly better, where n is the smaller number of SSEs of the two proteins, r is a parameter of small value.

Conclusion
Through the enumeration algorithm, our approach can identify different substructures from a list of high-scoring solutions of biological interest. Our approach is flexible to conduct protein structure comparison with the SSEs in sequential and non-sequential order as well. Supplementary data of additional testing and the source of ePC will be available at http://bioinformatics.astate.edu/.
Molecular cloning of a novel bioH gene from an environmental metagenome encoding a carboxylesterase with exceptional tolerance to organic solvents
Authors: Shi Yuping , Pan Yingjie , Li Bailin , He Wei , She Qunxin , Chen Lanming 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
BioH is one of the key enzymes to produce the precursor pimeloyl-ACP to initiate biotin biosynthesis de novo in bacteria. To date, very few bioH genes have been characterized. In this study, we cloned and identified a novel bioH gene, bioHx, from an environmental metagenome by a functional metagenomic approach. The bioHx gene, encoding an enzyme that is capable of hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters of fatty acids, was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 using the pET expression system. The biochemical property of the purified BioHx protein was also investigated.

Results
Screening of an unamplified metagenomic library with a tributyrin-containing medium led to the isolation of a clone exhibiting lipolytic activity. This clone carried a 4,570-bp DNA fragment encoding for six genes, designated bioF, bioHx, fabG, bioC, orf5 and sdh, four of which were implicated in the de novo biotin biosynthesis. The bioHx gene encodes a protein of 259 aa with a calculated molecular mass of 28.60 kDa, displaying 24-39% amino acid sequence identity to a few characterized bacterial BioH enzymes. It contains a pentapeptide motif (Gly76-Trp77-Ser78-Met79-Gly80) and a catalytic triad (Ser78-His230-Asp202), both of which are characteristic for lipolytic enzymes. BioHx was expressed as a recombinant protein and characterized. The purified BioHx protein displayed carboxylesterase activity, and it was most active on p-nitrophenyl esters of fatty acids substrate with a short acyl chain (C4). Comparing BioHx with other known BioH proteins revealed interesting diversity in their sensitivity to ionic and nonionic detergents and organic solvents, and BioHx exhibited exceptional resistance to organic solvents, being the most tolerant one amongst all known BioH enzymes. This ascribed BioHx as a novel carboxylesterase with a strong potential in industrial applications.

Conclusions
This study constituted the first investigation of a novel bioHx gene in a biotin biosynthetic gene cluster cloned from an environmental metagenome. The bioHx gene was successfully cloned, expressed and characterized. The results demonstrated that BioHx is a novel carboxylesterase, displaying distinct biochemical properties with strong application potential in industry. Our results also provided the evidence for the effectiveness of functional metagenomic approach for identifying novel bioH genes from complex ecosystem.