bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of family, friends and peers in Australian adolescent's alcohol consumption
Authors: Jones Sandra C. , Magee Christopher A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThis study examines factors associated with alcohol‐related attitudes and behaviours among 888 Australians aged 12 to 17 years. Although these influences have been examined in other countries, notably the USA, Australia's legal drinking age of 18 years is lower and adolescent drinking rates are substantially higher than in the USA.Design and MethodsThis is a survey of 888 adolescents aged 12–17; they were recruited via a variety of methods (including school based, interception in public places and online) to obtain a cross‐section of participants across metropolitan, regional and rural New South Wales.ResultsMost respondents believed that people their age regularly consumed alcohol; and more than half believed that their siblings and peers would approve of them drinking. Predictors of frequent alcohol consumption included having a sibling or a friend who consumed alcohol; believing parents, friends and/or siblings approved of drinking; drinking behaviours of parents, friends and/or siblings; and having a higher disposable income.Discussion and ConclusionsThe results support previous findings from the USA. We find an even stronger effect of family and friends' drinking behaviours and attitudes in a country with a lower legal drinking age and high adult alcohol consumption rates.[Jones SC, Magee CA. The role of family, friends and peers in Australian adolescent's alcohol consumption. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33:304–313]
EFNS/ENS Guidelines for the treatment of ocular myasthenia
Authors: Kerty E. , Elsais A. , Argov Z. , Evoli A. , Gilhus N. E. 
Published: January 2014

Background and purposeThe symptoms of acquired autoimmune ocular myasthenia are restricted to the extrinsic eye muscles, causing double vision and drooping eyelids. These guidelines are designed to provide advice about best clinical practice based on the current state of clinical and scientific knowledge and the consensus of an expert panel.Search strategyEvidence for these guidelines was collected by searches in the MEDLINE and Cochrane databases. The task force working group reviewed evidence from original articles and systematic reviews. The evidence was classified (I, II, III, IV) and consensus recommendation graded (A, B or C) according to the EFNS guidance. Where there was a lack of evidence but clear consensus, good practice points are provided.ConclusionsThe treatment of ocular myasthenia should initially be started with pyridostigmine (good practice point). If this is not successful in relieving symptoms, oral corticosteroids should be used on an alternate‐day regimen (recommendation level C). If steroid treatment does not result in good control of the symptoms or if it is necessary to use high steroid doses, steroid‐sparing treatment with azathioprine should be started (recommendation level C). If ocular myasthenia gravis is associated with thymoma, thymectomy is indicated. Otherwise, the role of thymectomy in ocular myasthenia is controversial. Steroids and thymectomy may modify the course of ocular myasthenia and prevent myasthenia gravis generalization (good practice point).
MoCA‐assessed cognitive function and excellent outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage at 1 year
Authors: Wong G. K. C. , Lam S. W. , Wong A. , Lai M. , Siu D. , Poon W. S. , Mok V. 
Published: January 2014

Background and purposeAfter aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), cognitive impairment, even mild and relatively isolated, can be devastating, especially in working‐age persons. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is accepted as a valid screening tool for mild cognitive impairment due to cerebral ischaemia. Whether MoCA is independently associated with excellent outcome [a score of 0 on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) or 18/18 on the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale] 1 year after aSAH was assessed.MethodsHong Kong Chinese aSAH patients were assessed prospectively by means of the MoCA, Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), mRS and IADL scale at 1 year. This multicenter prospective observational study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov of the US National Institutes of Health (NCT01038193).ResultsIn all, 194 patients completed the assessments at 1 year. After adjustment for age, both excellent IADL and mRS outcomes were associated with MoCA (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.3, P < 0.001, and OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.2, P = 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsMoCA‐assessed cognitive function is an important determinant for excellent outcomes after aSAH.
Seronegative paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration: the PNS Euronetwork experience
Authors: Ducray F. , Demarquay G. , Graus F. , Decullier E. , Antoine J.‐C. , Giometto B. , Psimaras D. , Delattre J.‐Y. , Carpentier A. F. , Honnorat J. 
Published: January 2014

Background and purposeTo describe the characteristics of patients presenting a paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration without classical onconeural antibodies (seronegative PCD).MethodsThirty‐nine seronegative PCD patients from the Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome Euronetwork were retrospectively analyzed and compared with 180 patients with PCD associated with classical onconeural antibodies (seropositive PCD).ResultsNo patient had anti‐CASPR2 or anti‐mGluR1 antibodies. No significant difference between the clinical characteristics of seronegative and seropositive PCD patients was observed. Yet the frequency of associated tumors was different. Lymphoma was more frequent in seronegative than in seropositive women (24% vs. 2%, P = 0.002) whilst gynecological cancer were less frequent (38% vs. 74%, P = 0.002). In comparison with seropositive men, seronegative men more frequently had a non‐small‐cell lung cancer (27% vs. 6%, P = 0.08) or a genitourinary cancer (22% vs. 0%, P = 0.04) but less frequently a small‐cell lung cancer (23% vs. 74%, P = 0.002). Seronegative and seropositive PCD patients with similar tumors had a similar overall survival.ConclusionThe clinical characteristics of seronegative and seropositive PCD are similar but the spectrum of associated tumors is different. The immunological scenario of seronegative PCD seems to be different from that of limbic encephalitis with only few patients harboring anti‐neuropile antibodies.
Multiple sclerosis in children and adolescents: incidence and clinical picture – new insights from the nationwide German surveillance (2009–2011)
Authors: Reinhardt K. , Weiss S. , Rosenbauer J. , Gärtner J. , von Kries R. 
Published: January 2014

Background and purposePediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical and incidence data have been reported for several countries but valid age dependent incidence data are not yet available. The true incidence of pediatric MS in Germany was estimated and the clinical characteristics at diagnosis according to the 2005 McDonald criteria are described.MethodsBetween 2009 and 2011 active prospective nationwide surveillance for MS in children and adolescents ≤15 years included all pediatric hospitals, MS centers and private practices specialized in MS. Data were adjusted for under‐reporting by capture−recapture from an independent second source.ResultsThe estimated incidence of pediatric MS was 0.64 per 100 000 person‐years with clear increase from age group ≤10 (0.09/100 000) to 2.64 per 100 000 in age group 14−15 years. All had relapsing−remitting disease with polysymptomatic onset in half of the cases. Spinal MRI with positive findings in two‐thirds of patients contributed to diagnosis.ConclusionUsing an active prospective surveillance system and the McDonald criteria for first MS diagnosis the age‐related incidence of pediatric MS in Germany was uncovered and is more common than in previous estimates. Thorough application of McDonald criteria and inclusion of spinal MRI data allowed for early diagnosis in almost 90% of cases.
Vertebrate Acyl CoA synthetase family member 4 (ACSF4‐U26) is a β‐alanine‐activating enzyme homologous to bacterial non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase
Authors: Drozak Jakub , Veiga‐da‐Cunha Maria , Kadziolka Beata , Van Schaftingen Emile 
Published: January 2014

Mammalian ACSF4‐U26 (Acyl CoA synthetase family member 4), a protein of unknown function, comprises a putative adenylation domain (AMP‐binding domain) similar to those of bacterial non‐ribosomal peptide synthetases, a putative phosphopantetheine attachment site, and a C‐terminal PQQDH (pyrroloquinoline quinone dehydrogenase)‐related domain. Orthologues comprising these three domains are present in many eukaryotes including plants. Remarkably, the adenylation domain of plant ACSF4‐U26 show greater identity with Ebony, the insect enzyme that ligates β‐alanine to several amines, than with vertebrate or insect ACSF4‐U26, and prediction of its specificity suggests that it activates β‐alanine. In the presence of ATP, purified mouse recombinant ACSF4‐U26 progressively formed a covalent bond with radiolabelled β‐alanine. The bond was not formed in a point mutant lacking the phosphopantetheine attachment site. Competition experiments with various amino acids indicated that the reaction was almost specific for β‐alanine, and a KM of ~ 5 μm was calculated for this reaction. The loaded enzyme was used to study the formation of a potential end product. Among the 20 standard amino acids, only cysteine stimulated unloading of the enzyme. This effect was mimicked by cysteamine and dithiothreitol, and was unaffected by absence of the PQQDH‐related domain, suggesting that β‐alanine transfer onto thiols is catalysed by the ACSF4‐U26 adenylation domain, but is physiologically irrelevant. We conclude that ACSF4‐U26 is a β‐alanine‐activating enzyme, and hypothesize that it is involved in a rare intracellular reaction, possibly an infrequent post‐translational or post‐transcriptional modification.
Transcription factor C/EBP‐β mediates downregulation of dipeptidyl‐peptidase III expression by interleukin‐6 in human glioblastoma cells
Authors: Singh Ratnakar , Sharma Mehar C. , Sarkar Chitra , Singh Manmohan , Chauhan Shyam S. 
Published: January 2014

Dipeptidyl‐peptidase III (DPP III) is a cytosolic metallo‐aminopeptidase implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. A previous study from our laboratory indicated an elevated expression of DPP III in glioblastoma (U87MG) cells. In the present study we investigated the role of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), a pleiotropic cytokine produced by glial tumors, in the regulation of DPP III expression. Immunohistochemistry, western blotting and quantitative RT‐PCR were used for quantitation of DPP III and IL‐6 in human glioblastoma cells and tumors. Cell transfections and DPP III promoter reporter assays were performed to study the transcriptional regulation of DPP III by IL‐6. Promoter deletion analysis, site directed mutagenesis, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology was employed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of IL‐6 mediated regulation of DPP III expression in glioblastoma cells. Our results for the first time demonstrate a negative correlation (r = 0.632, P = 0.01) between DPP III and IL‐6 in both human tumors and cultured glioblastoma cells. Treatment of U87MG cells with IL‐6 significantly decreased DPP III expression with a concomitant increase in the levels of transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBP‐β). Deletion/mutagenesis of C/EBP‐β binding motif of DPP III promoter significantly increased its activity and abolished its responsiveness to IL‐6. This effect could also be mimicked by C/EBP‐β siRNA. In conclusion our study for the first time demonstrates C/EBP‐β mediated transcriptional downregulation of DPP III by IL‐6. Our results demonstrating a negative correlation between IL‐6 and DPP III taken together with the previously reported prognostic significance of this cytokine in glioblastoma suggests that DPP III may prove useful as a prognostic marker.
Leveraging Genre Theory: A Genre‐Based Interactive Model for the Era of the Common Core State Standards
Authors: Troyan Francis J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRecent educational standards have refocused the goals of foreign language (FL) instruction on “the purpose of communication” (ACTFL, 2012, p. 1) across the three modes of communication (interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational). To this end, this article considers a linguistically based genre theory as a means of enhancing instruction of presentational (writing) communication that is linked to authentic model texts. The genre theory considers all language as texts (genres) that are realized in contexts (registers) through knowledge and use of a functional grammar for making meaning called Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004, 2013). Key research from English as a second language (ESL) and FL education in the United States establishes empirical evidence of the effectiveness of instructional approaches based in this genre theory. To articulate a genre‐based model of instruction for FL education linked to the National Standards (2006), the genre theory is incorporated into the Interactive Model for Integrating the Three Modes of Communication (Shrum & Glisan, 2010). Finally, implications of genre theory are discussed and recommendations are made for next steps to meet the goals articulated for FL education in the era of the Common Core State Standards (ACTFL, 2012; National Governors Association Center for Best Practices, Council of Chief State School Officers, 2010).
L2 Self of Beginning‐Level Heritage and Nonheritage Postsecondary Learners of Chinese
Authors: Xie Yan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDörnyei (2005) proposed the second language (L2) motivational self system in response to the need to develop the socioeducational model. This motivational theory has not been examined in language learners other than those studying English. This study, through investigating Chinese heritage and nonheritage language learners, found that the theory can be extended to motivation studies of Chinese learners and suggests the application to other language students. The findings demonstrate that the perspective of L2 self provides new insights into the motivation of foreign language learners and the heritage and nonheritage learner comparison. Finally, the study provides pedagogical implications corresponding to the findings.
From Praxis to Program Development
Authors: Moser Kelly 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBecause foreign language teacher candidates in Mississippi are required to pass the Praxis II: World Language Test for licensure in French, German, and Spanish, faculty at the institution under consideration sought to better understand their candidates' readiness for this assessment experience. This article describes how faculty modified students' learning experiences, ultimately leading students to success on the Praxis II: World Language Test by emphasizing the test requirements, clarifying proficiency expectations with students, altering instructional practices, strengthening the curriculum, developing new courses, and creating new K–12 partnerships. Challenges related to program development are also discussed.
Mini‐Emotional State Examination for dementia patients
Authors: Fujii Masahiko , Butler James P , Hirazakura Akiko , Sasaki Hidetada 
Published: January 2014

AimEmotional functions, as well as cognitive functions, are critical factors to assess in the care and management for dementia patients. In addition to the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), we have developed a Mini‐Emotional State Examination (MESE) for the examination of emotional functions in patients with dementia.MethodsMESE consists of a two‐part questionnaire. The first probes emotional functions within the five senses (visual, auditory, tactile, smell and taste). The second explores more complex and comprehensive emotional functions including feelings of tenderness, violence, happiness and sadness, as well as emotional responses to more general human, moral and social phenomena. The questionnaire comprises 30 questions and is scaled to a 30‐point healthy maximum. A total of 40 dementia patients in Sendai Tomizawa Hospital were tested with MESE.ResultsMESE point scores were roughly parallel to the scores on the MMSE, but MESE scores were widely distributed, independent of MMSE score. MESE scores in nine patients exceeded 23 points.ConclusionThe difference in distribution of MMSE and MESE scores show that cognitive and emotional functions are independently affected in dementia, and therefore assessment of both these functions should be cared taken into consideration in the care and management of dementia patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 508–513.
Polypharmacy and health outcomes among older adults discharged from hospital: Results from the CRIME study
Authors: Sganga Federica , Landi Francesco , Ruggiero Carmelinda , Corsonello Andrea , Vetrano Davide L , Lattanzio Fabrizia , Cherubini Antonio , Bernabei Roberto , Onder Graziano 
Published: January 2014

AimTo investigate if older adults using multiple drugs have an increased risk of rehospitalization and mortality after hospital discharge.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study carried out in acute care hospitals. The primary outcomes of the study were rehospitalization and mortality within 1 year after discharge from acute care hospitals. The study population was categorized in two groups according to the number of drugs prescribed at hospital discharge: no polypharmacy (<8 drugs) and polypharmacy (≥8 drugs).ResultsThe mean age of 480 participants was 78.6 ± 6.8 years ,and half of them (n = 238; 49.6%) were using multiple drugs (≥8 drugs). Overall, 65 out of 242 participants (26.9%) in the no polypharmacy group and 92/238 (39.1%) in the polypharmacy group were rehospitalized (P = 0.004), and 15 out of 242 (6.2%) in the no polypharmacy and 23 out of 238 (9.7%) in the polypharmacy group died during the 1 year follow up (P = 0.16). After adjusting for potential confounders, participants in the polypharmacy group had an increased risk of 1‐year rehospitalization as compared with those in the no polypharmacy group (RR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.18–2.75). No significant association was observed between mortality and polypharmacy.ConclusionsOlder persons using multiple drugs are at increased risk of rehospitalization. Further studies are required to assess the impact of programs aimed at reducing polypharmacy on health outcomes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 141–146.
Cross‐linking of bovine and caprine caseins by microbial transglutaminase and their use as microencapsulating agents for n‐3 fatty acids
Authors: Mora‐Gutierrez Adela , Attaie Rahmat , Kirven Jeneanne M. , Farrell Harold M. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBovine and caprine caseins were cross‐linked with microbial transglutaminase (mTG). The mTG‐cross‐linked bovine or caprine casein dispersion, mixed with 14.5% maltodextrin (DE = 40), was used to prepare emulsions with 10.5% algae oil. Oxidative stability of emulsions was evaluated by peroxide values (PVs) and anisidine values. Adding liposoluble rosemary extract rich in carnosic acid and δ‐tocopherol lowered the formation of hydroperoxides and their subsequent decomposition products in emulsions. Emulsions stabilised with liposoluble rosemary extract rich in carnosic acid and δ‐tocopherol were spray‐dried at 180/95 °C. Algae oil microencapsulated with mTG‐cross‐linked bovine casein reduced PV by ≈ 34%, while the algae oil microencapsulated with mTG‐cross‐linked caprine casein with low levels of αs1‐casein reduced PV by ≈ 42% at 4 weeks of storage at 30 °C. The investigation suggests that liposoluble rosemary extract rich in carnosic acid and δ‐tocopherol effectively protected algae oil during the coating process with mTG‐cross‐linked bovine and caprine caseins. The above results clearly indicated that the choice of milk caseins (bovine vs. caprine) cross‐linked with mTG impacts the oxidative stability of spray‐dried algae oil emulsions (microcapsules) enriched with n‐3 fatty acids.
Evaluation of physiochemical, textural, microbiological and sensory characteristics in set yogurt reinforced by microencapsulated Bifidobacterium bifidum F‐35
Authors: Mousa Ahmed , Liu Xiao‐ming , Chen Yong‐quan , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe objectives of this study were to encapsulate the Bifidobacterium bifidum F‐35 into whey protein for the production of one‐layer microcapsules, and then the microcapsules were covered by sodium alginate to produce double‐layer microcapsules for examining the effectiveness of microcapsules in set yogurt. The reinforced treatment by double layer exhibited a significant increase (P < 0.05) in B. bifidum F‐35 count more than the treatments of free cells and one‐layer microcapsules. Microcapsules of double layer in yogurt led to record a value of titratable acidity that was 1.51 in comparison with the treatments of one layer and free cells that were 1.65 and 1.73, respectively. The hardness values were recorded as 206.88 at the treatment of double layer and 130.31 at the treatment of one layer after 7 days of storage. Microencapsulation of double layer caused a slight bitterness and creamy texture in yogurt, whereas the samples of free cells were described to have sour and bad texture.
Reporting of critical information in studies of pharmacists in HIV care
Authors: Cocohoba Jennifer , Dong Betty J , Johnson Mallory O , Saberi Parya 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate manuscripts documenting HIV pharmacist interventions and assess adequacy of reporting as defined by CONSORT and STROBE criteria.

Methods
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, BIOSIS Previews, and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception – 1 June 2011. Studies were included if pharmacists performed an intervention to improve HIV patient care, and the study evaluated the intervention's impact. Qualitative studies, non-English language reports, abstracts and studies where the pharmacist did not intervene were excluded. Manuscripts were independently evaluated by two reviewers for the presence, absence or lack of applicability of STROBE (observational studies) or CONSORT (randomized studies) criteria, for presence or absence of description of pharmacist's duties, CD4+ cell count, HIV viral load and adherence measurement. Reviewers met to discuss the rationale behind their evaluation; a third arbiter was consulted when reviewers could not agree on a particular criterion.

Key findings
Twenty-two manuscripts met inclusion criteria. Observational studies of HIV pharmacists (n = 19) included 56% of applicable STROBE criteria. Randomized studies of HIV pharmacists (n = 3) adhered more closely to CONSORT reporting guidelines (average 80% of applicable criteria). Manuscripts published after 2004 more consistently evaluated pharmacist impact on HIV outcomes such as CD4+ and viral load.

Conclusions
Thorough reporting increases the reader's ability to critically evaluate manuscripts of HIV pharmacist services. Increasing pharmacist awareness of manuscript guidelines such as CONSORT and STROBE may improve clarity of reporting in studies of HIV pharmacist interventions and clinical programmes.