bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic planning approach for optimising investment at WWTPs
Authors: Krampe J. , Leak M. 
Published: February 2013

From an asset management perspective there is an ongoing challenge to make strategic investment decisions which are based on maintaining asset serviceability, effluent quality requirements and providing for growth. Additionally, individual performance of treatment stages and changes in sewage flows and loads have to be considered to achieve an optimised outcome.
Typically, large scale capital projects are required to address the many challenges that face a WWTP. However, significant cost savings can be made if smaller optimisation projects are pursued to maximise the capacity of existing infrastructure and therefore defer high cost capital upgrades. To achieve this end, SA Water started a formal process to review the capacity of each process element of the Bolivar WWTP and found several opportunities to optimise current process performance. Based on these outcomes a future strategy document was developed that enables the next major plant upgrade to be deferred by 8–10 years. This paper summarises SA Water's approach to develop such a documentation to allow a strategic asset management, optimise its capital expenditure and achieve significant cost savings. It also highlights some of the projects that were identified during this process to improve the current treatment plant performance.
Transformation of organic micropollutants during river bank filtration: laboratory versus field data
Authors: Bertelkamp C. , Reungoat J. , Botton S. , Cornelissen E. , Ghadiri E. , de Jonge M. , Singhal N. , van der Hoek J. P. , Verliefde A. R. D. 
Published: February 2013

This paper investigates the degradation behavior of 14 organic micropollutants (OMPs), selected for their different physico-chemical properties (e.g., molecular weight, hydrophobicity and charge), in soil columns simulating the conditions prevailing in the first meter of river bank filtration (RBF) media. The results from the column system are compared to RBF field data obtained from the Vitens drinking water company in The Netherlands. The study explores the role of sorption media (sand filled columns and polyethylene tubes) as carrier material for the biomass. Polyethylene tubes with the same specific surface area as sand in the columns, were operated under similar conditions to compare OMP removal in the two systems.
Both the column and field data indicate that negatively charged OMPs with Log D ranging from 0.65 to 1.95, positively charged OMPs with Log D ranging from −0.59 to 0.21 and neutral OMPs with Log D (−1.9 to 1.12) were more susceptible to biodegradation. The compounds that persisted (carbamazepine, atrazine, phenytoin, lincomycin) were positively charged with lower Log D (−1.33) or neutral with higher Log D (1.56 to 2.64). Hydrochlorothiazide showed poor biodegradability despite being neutral and having a lower log D (−0.71); it is an exception to the above behavior for reasons that have not yet been identified.
A comparison of OMP removal in a biologically active polyethylene tube with a biologically active column showed that the biomass established in either systems removed the same OMPs and to similar extent for a majority of the OMPs. This finding supports the use of polyethylene tubes as a simple, cheap and quick method for investigating the trends in OMP removal in RBF.
Implementation of an innovative sensor technology for effective online water quality monitoring in the distribution network
Authors: de Graaf B. R. , Williamson F. , Koerkamp Marcel Klein , Verhoef J. W. , Wuestman R. , Bajema B. , Trietsch E. , van Delft W. 
Published: February 2013

For safe supply of drinking water, water quality needs to be monitored online in real time. The consequence of inadequate monitoring can result in substantial health risks, and economic and reputational damages. Therefore, Vitens N.V., the largest drinking water company of the Netherlands, set a goal to explore and invest in the development of intelligent water supply. In order to do this Vitens N.V. has set up a demonstration network for online water quality monitoring, the Vitens Innovation Playground (VIP). With the recent innovative developments in the field of online sensoring Vitens kicked off, in 2011, its first major online sensoring program by implementing a sensor grid based on EventLab systems from Optiqua Technologies Pte Ltd in the distribution network. EventLab utilizes bulk refractive index as a generic parameter for continuous real time monitoring of changes in water quality. Key characteristics of this innovative optical sensor technology, high sensitivity generic sensors at low cost, make it ideal for deployment as an early warning system.
This paper describes different components of the system, the technological challenges that were overcome, and presents performance data and conclusions from deployment of Optiqua's EventLab systems in the VIP.
Ontology-Driven Business Rule Specification
Authors: Gailly Frederik , Geerts Guido L. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
Discovering business rules is a complex task for which many approaches have been proposed including analysis, extraction from code, and data mining. In this paper, a novel approach is presented in which business rules for an enterprise model are generated based on the semantics of a domain ontology. Starting from an enterprise model for which the business rules need to be defined, the approach consists of four steps: (1) classification of the enterprise model in terms of the domain ontology (semantic annotation), (2) matching of the enterprise model constructs with ontology-based Enterprise Model Configurations (EMCs), (3) determination of Business Rule Patterns (BRPs) associated with the EMCs, and (4) use of the semantic annotations to instantiate the business rule patterns; that is, to specify the actual business rules. The success of this approach depends on two factors: (1) the existence of a semantically rich domain ontology, and (2) the strength of the knowledge base consisting of EMC-BRP associations. The focus of this paper is on defining and illustrating the new business rule discovery approach: Ontology-Driven Business Rule Specification (ODBRS). The domain of interest is enterprise systems, and an extended version of the Resource-Event-Agent Enterprise Ontology (REA-EO) is used as the domain ontology. A small set of EMC-BRP associations—i.e., an example knowledge base—is developed for illustration purposes. The new approach is demonstrated with an example.
Behavioral multi-criteria decision analysis: further elaborations on the todim method
Authors: Autran Monteiro Gomes Luiz Flavio , González Xavier Ignacio 
Published: February 2013

Abstract.This short communication reviews the role of the TODIM method within behavioral decision theory and presents its genesis. Two important aspects of the method such as generalizing that method towards cumulative prospect theory and the choice of a reference point are further clarified.
A Petri net based model of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis
Authors: Formanowicz Dorota , Kozak Adam , Formanowicz Piotr 
Published: February 2013

Abstract. In this paper a Petri net based model of the process of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis is presented and analyzed. Model expressed in the language of Petri net theory have, on one hand, an intuitive graphical representation, and on the other hand their formal properties can be analyzed using rigorous mathematical methods. Moreover, the behavior of a net can be simulated what supports the process of model development and an interpretation of the results of the analysis. Both the analysis and the simulation can be supported by many freely available software tools. In the case of biological systems an analysis the t-invariants is especially important since they correspond to some elementary biological subprocesses. In this paper the results of such an analysis are presented. In particular, minimal t-invariants, MCT-sets and t-clusters are calculated, their biological meaning is determined and some biological conclusions are drawn.
Conflicts in legal knowledge base
Authors: Zurek Tomasz 
Published: February 2013

Abstract The simulation of inference processes performed by lawyers can be seen as one way to create advisory legal system. In order to simulate such a process as accurately as possible, it is indispensable to make a clear-cut distinction between the provision itself, and its interpretation and inference mechanisms. This distinction would allow for preserving both the universal character of the provision and its applicability to various legal problems. The authors main objective was to model a selected legal act, together with the inference rules applied, and to represent them in an advisory system, focusing on the most accurate representation of both the content and inference rules. Given that the laws which stand in contradiction prove to be the major challenge, they will constitute the primary focus of this study.
Content-based load shedding in multimedia data stream management system
Authors: Maison Rafal , Zakrzewicz Maciej 
Published: February 2013

Abstract.Overload management has become very important in public safety systems that analyse high performance multimedia data streams, especially in the case of detection of terrorist and criminal dangers. Efficient overload management improves the accuracy of automatic identification of persons suspected of terrorist or criminal activity without requiring interaction with them. We argue that in order to improve the quality of multimedia data stream processing in the public safety arena, the innovative concept of a Multimedia Data Stream Management System (MMDSMS) using load-shedding techniques should be introduced into the infrastructure to monitor and optimize the execution of multimedia data stream queries. In this paper, we present a novel content-centered load shedding framework, based on searching and matching algorithms, for analysing video tuples arriving within multimedia data streams. The framework tracks and registers all symptoms of overload, and either prevents overload before it occurs, or minimizes its effects. We have extended our Continuous Query Language (CQL) syntax to enable this load shedding technique. The effectiveness of the framework has been verified using both artificial and real data video streams collected from monitoring devices.
Evolutionary multi-objective optimization for inferring outranking model’s parameters under scarce reference information and effects of reinforced preference
Authors: Fernandez Eduardo , Navarro Jorge , Mazcorro Gustavo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMethods based on fuzzy outranking relations constitute one of the main approaches to multiple criteria decision problems. The use of ELECTRE methods require the elicitation of a large number of parameters (weights and different thresholds); but direct eliciting is often a demanding task for the decision-maker (DM). For handling intensity-ofpreference effects on concordance levels, a generalized concordance model was proposed by Roy and Slowinski which is more complex than previous outranking models. In this paper, an evolutionary multi-objective-based indirect elicitation of the complete ELECTRE III model-parameter set is proposed. The evolutionary multi-objective inference method is successfully extended to inferring reinforced-preference model parameters. Wide experimental evidence is provided to support the proposal, which performs well even working on small size reference sets.
A survey of graph coloring - its types, methods and applications
Authors: Formanowicz Piotr , Tanaś Krzysztof 
Published: February 2013

Abstract Graph coloring is one of the best known, popular and extensively researched subject in the field of graph theory, having many applications and conjectures, which are still open and studied by various mathematicians and computer scientists along the world. In this paper we present a survey of graph coloring as an important subfield of graph theory, describing various methods of the coloring, and a list of problems and conjectures associated with them. Lastly, we turn our attention to cubic graphs, a class of graphs, which has been found to be very interesting to study and color. A brief review of graph coloring methods (in Polish) was given by Kubale in [32] and a more detailed one in a book by the same author. We extend this review and explore the field of graph coloring further, describing various results obtained by other authors and show some interesting applications of this field of graph theory.
Review of the Extraction Methods of DNA Microarray Features Based on Central Decision Class Separation vs Rough Set Classifier
Authors: Artiemjew Piotr 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe study of DNA microarray gene extraction methods is an important and current area of research. Many researchers study gene ontological character, which contain significant information about symptoms of illnesses in tissues, types of organisms, and the distinguishing of some organisms’ features. DNA microarray gene extraction methods allow us to choose the most significant genes for a given problem and some ways of their extraction. In this article, we aim to compare three methods of gene extraction. The first and second types are based on, respectively, the modified Fisher and F statistics methods. The last one is based on the novel experimental statistics called A. A common element of those three methods is the way in which we choose genes after the calculation of decision classes’ separation ratio. Additionally, all three algorithms are based on the idea of central class separation from other decision concepts. We use our best 8v1.4 granular weighted voting classier as the basic element of comparison of our gene selection methods. The results of the research show that A statistics are better than other methods in all cases. In this article the best one is the SAM10 method, which works well for a small number of genes - less than one hundred. For a higher number of separated genes the SAM5 method is better - its effectiveness has been proven in recent published works.
Google Books Ngrams Recompressed and Searchable
Authors: Grabowski Szymon , Swacha Jakub 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOne of the research fields significantly affected by the emergence of “big data” is computational linguistics. A prominent example of a large dataset targeting this domain is the collection of Google Books Ngrams, made freely available, for several languages, in July 2009. There are two problems with Google Books Ngrams; the textual format (compressed with Deflate) in which they are distributed is highly inefficient; we are not aware of any tool facilitating search over those data, apart from the Google viewer, which, as a Web tool, has seriously limited use. In this paper we present a simple preprocessing scheme for Google Books Ngrams, enabling also search for an arbitrary n-gram (i.e., its associated statistics) in average time below 0.2 ms. The obtained compression ratio, with Deflate (zip) left as the backend coder, is over 3 times higher than in the original distribution.
Symplectic Foliations and Generalized Complex Structures
Authors: Bailey Michael 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe answer the natural question: when is a transversely holomorphic symplectic foliation induced by a generalized complex structure? The leafwise symplectic form and transverse complex structure determine an obstruction class in a certain cohomology, which vanishes if and only if our question has an affirmative answer. We first study a component of this obstruction, which gives the condition that the leafwise cohomology class of the symplectic form must be transversely pluriharmonic. As a consequence, under certain topological hypotheses, we infer that we actually have a symplectic fibre bundle over a complex base. We then show how to compute the full obstruction via a spectral sequence. We give various concrete necessary and sufficient conditions for the vanishing of the obstruction. Throughout, we give examples to test the sharpness of these conditions, including a symplectic fibre bundle over a complex base that does not come from a generalized complex structure, and a regular generalized complex structure that is very unlike a symplectic fibre bundle, i.e., for which nearby leaves are not symplectomorphic.
Does the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change Provide a Useful Basis for Interventions to Promote Fruit and Vegetable Consumption?
Authors: Horwath Caroline C. , Schembre Susan M. , Motl Robert W. , Dishman Rod K. , Nigg Claudio R. 
Published: February 2013

Purpose. To determine whether Transtheoretical Model (TTM) constructs differ between individuals making successful versus unsuccessful stage transitions for consumption of five or more servings of fruit and vegetables each day and thus provide a useful basis for designing health promotion interventions. Design. Longitudinal, observational study. A randomly selected, multiethnic cohort of adults assessed at 6-month intervals over 2 years. Setting. General community, Hawaii. Subjects. There were 700 participants (62.6% female; mean = 47 ± 17.1 years; 31.1% Asian, 22.1% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 35.0% Caucasian; 25.1% participation rate). Measures. Stage of readiness, experiential and behavioral processes of change, pros, cons, self-efficacy, and self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption. Analysis. The study used t-tests to determine which TTM variable scores differed consistently between those making “successful” versus “unsuccessful” stage transitions from precontemplation, preparation, and maintenance. Sample sizes for contemplation and action prohibited similar analyses. Results. Compared to those remaining in precontemplation, individuals successfully progressing from precontemplation showed significantly greater use of behavioral processes (collectively and self-liberation) and consciousness raising (p < .001). However, only self-liberation demonstrated significant differences consistently over time. Conclusion. This longitudinal investigation reveals that TTM behavioral processes, particularly self-liberation, predict successful transition out of precontemplation for adult fruit and vegetable consumption, suggesting that public health messages tailored according to these TTM variables may be effective for this group. However, for adults prepared to adopt or maintain fruit and vegetable consumption, tailoring based on variables from other theories is needed.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Cancer Prevention Beliefs: Applying the Health Belief Model Framework
Authors: Davis Jenna L. , Buchanan Kyrel L. , Green B. Lee 
Published: February 2013

Purpose. An understanding of each racial/ethnic group's beliefs about cancer prevention is important for designing/implementing interventions to reduce cancer-health disparities. The Health Belief Model was used to examine racial/ethnic differences in beliefs about cancer and cancer prevention. Design. The data were from the 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey, a biennial, cross-sectional survey using a random-digit-dial telephone frame and a mailing address frame. Setting. A weighted, nationally representative sample of American adults. Subjects. The sample consisted of 7452 individuals. Measures. Model construct variables (perceived susceptibility; perceived severity; perceived benefits; perceived barriers; cues to action; self-efficacy) and race/ethnicity were assessed. Analysis. The Rao-Scott χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression assessed racial/ethnic differences. Results. The constructs self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and perceived susceptibility were significantly associated with race/ethnicity. The remaining three constructs were not statistically significant. Multivariate analysis revealed Hispanics were less likely to believe they could lower their chances of getting cancer than did African-Americans and whites. Hispanics, Asians, and African-Americans were more likely to believe they had a lower chance of getting cancer in the future than did whites. Conclusion. Culturally relevant health education/promotion interventions need to be developed and tailored to (1) empower Hispanics regarding their ability to prevent cancer and (2) educate racial/ethnic minorities about their susceptibility and risk perception for cancer.
Health and Eating Behavior Differs between Lean/Normal and Overweight/Obese Low-Income Women Living in Food-Insecure Environments
Authors: Dressler Heidi , Smith Chery 
Published: February 2013

Purpose. To explore differences and similarities in environmental, personal, and behavioral factors influencing eating behavior among low-income women of varying weight status. Design. Focus groups (n = 16) were used to collect qualitative data. Quantitative data collected included demographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric (heights and weights). Setting. Community centers, libraries, and homeless shelters in low-income neighborhoods. Participants. Of the 83 participants, 58% were African-American, 28% were white, and the remainder were American Indian, Hispanic, or mixed race. A total of 35% of participants were lean/normal (body mass index < 25 kg/m2) and 65% were overweight/obese (body mass index > 25 kg/m2). Method. Focus group methodology was used to collect data on 83 participants. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) provided the theoretical basis. Transcripts were analyzed using the open-coding method and comments between lean/normal and overweight/obese women were systematically compared. Results. Focus group themes were food environment, aberrant eating behavior, health values, and beliefs. Differences in personal and behavioral factors were apparent between overweight/obese and lean/normal women, with the former group frequently discussing emotional eating, overeating, and stashing food, and the latter group communicating greater nutrition knowledge and describing regular physical activity. Both groups similarly expressed experiences with food insecurity and lived in low-income environments. Conclusion. For low-income women, personal and behavioral factors may modify the influence of their obesogenic food environment. Further research within the context of SCT should examine differences between lean/normal and overweight/obese women living in the same environment.