bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and analytical approach for the size effect on the fiber strength of CFRP
Authors: Hwang Tae‐Kyung , Kim Hyoung‐Geun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this article, experimental test and an analytical approach were conducted to verify the fiber tensile strength of filament wound pressure vessel. As a test method, improved hoop ring test method was considered. From a series of fully scaled hoop ring tests, the size effect showed the clearly observed tendency toward fiber strength degradation with increasing stressed volume. As an analytical method, Weibull weakest link model and the sequential multistep failure model (SMFM) were considered and compared with the test data from hoop ring test and unidirectional specimens test. It was found that the Weibull weakest link model and the SMFM significantly overestimate the size effect on fiber strength. Thus, the fiber strength showed much lower values than those of test data. In this study, an improved SMFM was proposed by considering a modification of the length size effect. Because this model enhances the accuracy of predicting the fiber strength, the fiber strengths from the improved SMFM showed good agreement with the test data.POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Executive inhibition: A study of postcommission error slowing and postomission error speeding
Authors: Huang Jia , Shum David H. K. , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractError detection, error regulation, and the way of facilitating regulation are fundamental to successful adaptation to the environment. Previous studies have demonstrated the cognitive process that underlies error detection, but it is still not clear whether this cognitive process is influenced by internal and external factors of error type and feedback. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation of commission and omission errors in executive inhibition tasks and the effects of feedback on error regulation. Three tasks, including a go/no‐go task with visual feedback, a go/no‐go task with auditory feedback, and a stop signal task with visual feedback were conducted separately with three independent groups of healthy university students. We found postcommission error slowing and postomission error speeding in the reaction times. Correct visual feedback increased all the reaction times for executive inhibition compared with incorrect feedback. The results indicated that the regulation of reaction time after different types of error may be an adaptive behavioral manifestation and that performance feedback facilitates overall inhibitory control.
Cumulative sum plots and retrospective parameters in first‐trimester ductus venosus quality assurance
Authors: Sabria Joan , Comas Carmina , Barceló‐Vidal Carles , Illa Miriam , Echevarria Monica , Gomez‐Roig Maria Dolors , Borrell Antoni 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the application of two quality assurance methods to the ductus venosus pulsatility index (DVPI), as a first‐trimester aneuploidy marker, including retrospective assessment of distribution parameters and cumulative sum (CUSUM) plots.MethodsThe DVPI was measured in 14 444 singleton fetuses at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks in two Fetal Medicine centers during a 4‐year period. Sonologist‐specific quality assurance distribution parameters, previously described for nuchal translucency, were assessed: the median multiples of the median (MoM), the logarithmic standard deviation of DVPI MoMs and the weekly DVPI percent decrease. Quality assurance results were compared between median MoMs and MoM‐based CUSUM plots.ResultsWhen sonologist‐specific DVPI distribution parameters were retrospectively applied for quality assurance, a 1.0 median MoM, a 0.1 median logarithmic standard deviation and a 3.4 median weekly DVPI drop percentage were observed. CUSUM plots showed good agreement with 0.9–1.1 MoMs range for median MoM, in the assessment of sonologist‐specific performances.ConclusionRetrospective and prospective DVPI quality assurance methods appear to be applicable to DVPI at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks. Its use should be encouraged if DVPI is to be added to first‐trimester Down syndrome or cardiac defects screening. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of Mo back contact ageing on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin‐film solar cells
Authors: Salomé Pedro M. P. , Fjallstrom Viktor , Hultqvist Adam , Szaniawski Piotr , Zimmermann Uwe , Edoff Marika 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIn this work, we investigate the effect of ageing Mo‐coated substrates in a dry and N2 flooded cabinet. The influence was studied by preparing Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells and by comparing the electrical performance with devices where the Mo layer was not aged. The measurements used for this study were current–voltage (J‐V), external quantum efficiency (EQE), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and capacitance–voltage (C‐V). It was concluded that devices prepared with the aged Mo layer have, in average, an increase of 0.8% in efficiency compared with devices that had a fresh Mo layer. Devices with aged Mo exhibited a nominal increase of 12.5 mV of open circuit voltage, a decrease of 1.1 mA/cm−2 of short circuit current and a fill factor increase of 2.4%. Heat treatment of fresh Mo layers in oxygen atmosphere was also studied as an alternative to ageing and was shown to provide a similar effect to the aged device's performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large variation of severity and longitudinal change of symptom distress among patients with personality disorders
Authors: Kvarstein Elfrida H. , Karterud Sigmund 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTMain objectives were to investigate (1) the longitudinal course of symptom distress among patients with personality disorders (PD) and (2) how different Axis‐I and Axis‐II pathology and treatment factors predict or moderate long‐term outcome. All patients (n = 751) were admitted to short‐term day hospital treatment, and 47% continued in group psychotherapy (mean duration 2.3 years). Symptom distress was assessed repeatedly over 5 years (Symptom Check List 90‐R). Mixed models were chosen for statistical analyses. A main finding was the large variation in severity and longitudinal course of symptom distress. Five‐year trends ranged from full symptom remission (31%) to pervasive, severe distress (36%). Co‐occurring Axis‐I disorders did not explain longitudinal variability of symptom distress. However, the presence and increasing severity of Axis‐II pathology was strongly associated with more severe baseline symptom distress. Poor long‐term outcomes were associated with the combination of avoidant PD and long treatment durations (>2.5 years), and borderline PD and short treatment durations (<0.4 years). Contrastingly, considerable symptom relief was associated with borderline PD and long treatment duration. In conclusion, the severity and longitudinal course of symptom distress among PD patients is closely associated with their personality structures and not sufficiently explained by Axis‐I comorbidity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introduction of reactive functionality by the incorporation of divinylbiphenyl in ethylene copolymerization with styrene or 1‐hexene using aryloxo‐modified half‐titanocenes and MAO catalysts
Authors: Apisuk Wannida , Kitiyanan Boonyarach , Joon Kim Hyun , Hyun Kim Dong , Nomura Kotohiro 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTAn efficient introduction of vinyl group into poly (ethylene‐co‐styrene) or poly(ethylene‐co−1‐hexene) has been achieved by the incorporation of 3,3′‐divinylbiphenyl (DVBP) in terpolymerization of ethylene, styrene, or 1‐hexene with DVBP using aryloxo‐modified half‐titanocenes, Cp′TiCl2(O−2,6‐iPr2C6H3) [Cp′ = Cp*, tBuC5H4, 1,2,4‐Me3C5H2], in the presence of MAO cocatalyst, affording high‐molecular‐weight polymers with unimodal distributions. Efficient comonomer incorporations have been achieved by these catalysts, and the content of each comonomer could be varied by its initial concentration charged. The postpolymerization of styrene was initiated from the vinyl group remained in the side chain by treatment with n‐BuLi. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2581–2587
Studies of the conformational stability of invasion plasmid antigen B from Shigella
Authors: Choudhari Shyamal P. , Kramer Ryan , Barta Michael L. , Greenwood Jamie C. , Geisbrecht Brian V. , Joshi Sangeeta B. , Picking William D. , Middaugh C. Russell , Picking Wendy L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractShigella spp. are the causative agent of shigellosis, the second leading cause of diarrhea in children of ages 2–5. Despite many years of research, a protective vaccine has been elusive. We recently demonstrated that invasion plasmid antigens B and D (IpaB and IpaD) provide protection against S. flexneri and S. sonnei. These proteins, however, have very different properties which must be recognized and then managed during vaccine formulation. Herein, we employ spectroscopy to assess the stability of IpaB as well as IpgC (invasion protein gene), IpaB's cognate chaperone, and the IpaB/IpgC complex. The resulting data are mathematically summarized into a visual map illustrating the stability of the proteins and their complex as a function of pH and temperature. The IpaB/IpgC complex exhibits thermal stability at higher pH values but, though initially stable, quickly unfolds with increasing temperature when maintained at lower pH. In contrast, IpaB is a much more complex protein exhibiting increased stability at higher pH, but shows initial instability at lower pH values with pH 5 showing a distinct transition. IpgC precipitates at and below pH 5 and is stable above pH 7. Most strikingly, it is clear that complex formation results in stabilization of the two components. This work serves as a basis for the further development of IpaB as a vaccine candidate as well as extends our understanding of the structural stability of the Shigella type III secretion system.
Enhancement of infrared emission in Er3+, Yb3+ co‐doped sodium niobium tellurite nano glass‐ceramics
Authors: Kumar J. Suresh , Pavani K. , Graça M. P. F. , Soares M. J. , Valente M. A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn the present work, sodium niobium tellurite (SNT) glass‐ceramics co‐doped with Er2O3 and Yb2O3 were prepared and analyzed. Initially SNT glasses were prepared using high pure chemicals namely TeO2, Nb2O5, Na2CO3, B2O3, and SiO2. DTA analysis was performed to identify the glass transition (Tg) and crystallization (Tc) temperatures. Following the data of DTA, the initial host glass was annealed at different temperatures (450, 550, and 650 °C). From the XRD pattern, glass annealed at 650 °C is taken to be optimized temperature for the formation of glass‐ceramics from the host glass. The glass‐ceramics thus formed were found to be translucent rather transparent. Similar procedure is followed to form Er3+ single doped and Er3+, Yb3+ co‐doped SNT glass‐ceramics. It was found that the crystallite size in the glass‐ceramics calculated from the Debye Scherrer's formula is around the nano scale. Optical absorption and Judd–Ofelt (J–O) calculations were done for the transparent glasses doped with the rare earths. Radiative properties were also estimated from the J–O parameters. NIR emission spectra specifically observing the 1.5 µm luminescence of Er3+ ion in the doped glasses and glass‐ceramics were recorded. It was found that nano glass‐ceramics co‐doped with Er3+ and Yb3+ ions were of maximum efficiency compared to single Er3+ doped SNT glass which could be used for fiber amplifiers in the NIR region.
Effects of grain boundary scattering on carrier transport of highly transparent conductive Ga‐doped ZnO polycrystalline films
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuya , Song Huaping , Makino Hisao 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPolycrystalline Ga‐doped ZnO films (GZO) with different thicknesses ranging from 100 to 400 nm were deposited by ion plating with DC arc discharge at a glass substrate temperature of 200 °C. The dominant role of grain boundary scattering in carrier transport in the films was demonstrated by varying the film thickness and grain size. With increasing film thickness, the grain size increases and the alignment of the c‐axis between the columnar grains is improved. A comparison of Hall mobility and optical mobility showed that for GZO films, carrier transport is mainly limited by grain boundary scattering. By comparing a grain‐size‐effect theory with electrical resistivity data, we found that the grain boundary resistance coefficient deceases with increasing grain size.(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Semipolar (11\bar 2\bar 2) ZnO thin films grown on LaAlO3‐buffered LSAT (112) single crystals by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Tian Jr‐Sheng , Peng Chun‐Yen , Wang Wei‐Lin , Wu Yue‐Han , Shih Yi‐Sen , Chiu Kun‐An , Ho Yen‐Teng , Chu Ying‐Hao , Chang Li 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSemipolar (11\bar 2 \bar 2) ZnO was successfully grown on (112) LaAlO3/(LaAlO3)0.29(Sr2AlTaO6)0.35 substrate by pulsed laser deposition. The epitaxial relationship is [11\bar 23]_{\rm ZnO} // [11\bar 1]_{\rm LAO/LSAT} with the polar axis of [000\bar 1]_{\rm ZnO} pointing to the surface. For ZnO films with thickness of 1.6 μm, the threading dislocation density is ∼1 × 109 cm–2, and the density of basal stacking faults is below 1 × 104 cm–1. The (11\bar 2 \bar 2) ZnO exhibits strong D0X emissions with a FWHM of 9 meV and very few green–yellow emissions in the low‐temperature (10 K) and room‐temperature photoluminescence spectra, respectively.magnified imageThe XRD 2θ –θ pattern of 1.6 μm ZnO films grown on (112) LaAlO3/LSAT only reveals a sharp (11\bar 2 \bar 2) ZnO reflection for ZnO. The inset figure is the XRD rocking curve of (11\bar 2 \bar 2) ZnO with a FWHM of 0.084°.(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flexible InGaZnO thin film transistors using stacked Y2O3/TiO2/Y2O3 gate dielectrics grown at room temperature
Authors: Hsu Hsiao‐Hsuan , Chang Chun‐Yen , Cheng Chun‐Hu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this Letter, we report a low operation voltage and high mobility flexible InGaZnO thin‐film transistor (TFT) using room‐temperature processed Y2O3/TiO2/Y2O3 gate dielectric. The flexible IGZO TFT showed a low threshold voltage of 0.75 V, a small sub‐threshold swing of 137 mV/decade, a good field effect mobility of 32.7 cm2/V s, and a large Ion/Ioff ratio of 1.7 × 106. The low operation voltage, small sub‐threshold swing and high mobility could be ascribed to the combination of high‐κ TiO2 and large band gap Y2O3, which provide the potential to meet the requirements of low‐temperature and low‐power portable electronics.magnified image(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of various on‐tissue washing procedures on the entire protein quantity and the quality of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization spectra
Authors: Enthaler Bernd , Bussmann Tanja , Pruns Julia K. , Rapp Claudius , Fischer Markus , Vietzke Jens‐Peter 
Published: March 2013

RATIONALEFor the matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging of proteins and tryptic peptides it is recommendable to remove salts, lipids, and phospholipids prior to analysis. However, thorough investigations of the influence of commonly used washing protocols on the entire protein content and the spectral quality have not been carried out.METHODSAfter the application of various on‐tissue washing protocols, proteins and peptides were eluted by use of different solvents. Subsequently, protein quantities of the eluates were determined by a bicinchoninic acid assay. The spectral quality of the tryptic peptide eluates was investigated based upon peak picking. A MALDI time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass spectrometer was used to generate mass spectra. Skin tissue samples were prepared by embedding them either in carboxymethyl cellulose or in a cutting medium containing polyethylene glycol.RESULTSOur work shows the numerical decrease in protein content after applying different on‐tissue washing protocols. Protein losses in a range of 17–38% were observed. From evaluating the spectral quality, two washing protocols were shown to be beneficial, enabling the detection of a high number of tryptic peptides. Procedures to thoroughly remove polyethylene glycol (deriving from special embedding media) were determined. Critically, aqueous washing steps conducted as short dips in two different jars were beneficial in achieving complete removal.CONCLUSIONSWashing steps have a strong impact on improving the spectral quality, but they may lead to a high decrease in the protein content. Our results show that there is a balancing act between avoiding protein loss and obtaining high spectra quality. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single electron redox via an ion‐neutral complex in the fragmentation of protonated benzoylferrocenes
Authors: Cao Xiaoji , Jiang Nan , Ye Xuemin , Zheng Lebin , Zhang Feifei , Shen Lingxiao , Chen Jiaoyu , Mo Weimin 
Published: March 2013

RATIONALEFerrocene derivatives have become very popular molecules for biological applications. Although considerable experimental and theoretical calculation studies have demonstrated that ferrocene derivatives are easily oxidized during electrospray ionization (ESI), the details of the single electron redox reaction for protonated benzoylferrocenes in collision‐induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry (MS) has not been obtained. Characterizing this mechanism is useful for further understanding the properties of ferrocene‐containing biomaterials.METHODSAll CID MS experiments were carried out using ESI ion trap mass spectrometry in positive ion mode. In addition, the accurate mass of fragments was measured on a ESI quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer in positive ion mode. Theoretical calculations were carried out by the density functional theory (DFT) method with a hybrid basis set consisting of 6‐31G (d) and ECP LanL2DZ in the Gaussian 03 program.RESULTSIn the fragmentation of protonated benzoylferrocenes, the characterized ferrocinium cation was observed, which was proposed from the cleavage of the bond between the ipso‐carbon atom and the carbonyl carbon followed by a single electron redox in [substituted benzoyl/ferrocene] complexes. Moreover, when the complex contained an oxidant (substituted benzoyl cation) with higher electron affinity, the single electron redox reaction was more efficient. A correlation was established between the intensities of the two competitive product ions and the electron affinities of substituted benzoyl cations.CONCLUSIONSThe single electron redox reaction by the [substituted benzoyl/ferrocene] complexes was proposed by CID MS and theoretical calculations, which provided potential evidence to further understand the reversible reduction characteristics of ferrocene‐containing biomaterials. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry of pollen grains and their mixtures
Authors: Weidner Steffen , Schultze Rolf‐Dieter , Enthaler Bernd 
Published: March 2013

RATIONALEThe fast and univocal identification of different species in mixtures of pollen grains is still a challenge. Apart from microscopic evaluation and Raman spectroscopy, no other techniques are available.METHODSMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry was applied to the analysis of extracts of single pollen grains and pollen mixtures. Pollen grains were fixed, treated and covered with matrix directly on the MALDI target.RESULTSClearly resolved MALDI ion intensity images could be obtained enabling the identification of single pollen grains in a mixture.CONCLUSIONSOur results demonstrate the potential and the suitability of MALDI imaging mass spectrometry as an additional method for the identification of pollen mixtures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of an innovative computer‐assisted sagittal split ramus osteotomy to reduce neurosensory alterations following orthognathic surgery: a pilot study
Authors: Al‐Ahmad Hazem T. , M Saleh Mohammed W. , Hussein Ala'uddin M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundSagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) can be associated with postoperative neurosensory disturbances. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of computer‐assisted SSRO in reducing the incidence and severity of neurosensory alterations, using a surgical guide fabricated by computer‐aided design and rapid prototyping (to guide bone cutting lateral to the inferior alveolar nerve).MethodsA prospective double‐blind, randomized controlled, clinical trial of computer‐assisted SSRO vs conventional SSRO (assigned in a split‐mouth design) in eight patients, mean age 23 (range 18–30) years, who participated in one session preoperatively and three sessions at 1 week and 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. At each session, subjective oral sensation was scored and quantitative sensory tests were performed. Neurosensory changes were compared between the two sides.ResultsThe results showed that on the computer‐assisted SSRO sides, patients had lower postoperative abnormal thresholds for the Semmes–Weinstein monofilaments on lower lip and chin (p < 0.05 at 3 months) and for the two‐point discrimination on lower lip (p < 0.05 at 1 week) and chin (p < 0.05 at 6 months), with fewer abnormal self‐reported changes in lower lip sensation (p < 0.05 at 1 week) after surgery.ConclusionsThese findings imply that computer‐assisted SSRO is associated with better levels of neurosensory function after surgery. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overcoming challenges associated with upright imaging of the cervicothoracic junction: a case report involving a novel repurposing of the O‐arm
Authors: Karahalios Dean G. , Mansour Nassir H. , Girardot Eric A. , Turner Ryan C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrior to the mobilization of patients with spinal fractures following treatment, it is important to confirm stability in the upright position.MethodsA patient presented with T2 and T3 vertebral body fractures visible on recumbent CT. Supine and upright plain x‐rays with additional swimmer's views were deemed suboptimal prior to mobilization. The default configuration of the O‐arm was modified to enable imaging in the upright position.ResultsImages utilizing the O‐arm were satisfactory and anatomic alignment confirmed in an upright position. It is believed that this is the first time the O‐arm has been used for upright diagnostic imaging (off‐label application). Excellent visualization of the cervicothoracic junction and upper thoracic regions was obtained in the desired upright position.ConclusionThe O‐arm was used successfully to image spinal trauma in the upright position and may represent a new application of the device, potentially fulfilling a frequently unmet medical imaging need. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.