bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation of some chemical indicators in forage of annual winter pure and mixed crops cultivated in Central Balkan Mountains (Bulgaria)
Authors: Lingorski Vladimir 
Published: May 2013

Abstract The aim of this experiment was to determine the variations in some important chemical indicators of annual winter cereal and legume pure and mixed crops for green forage production under the conditions of the fore-mountain regions of the Central Northern Bulgaria (Troyan region). In pure crops the crude protein content had fewer values compared to mixed crops. The cereals accumulated less crude fat in comparison with legumes. In mixed crops the crude fat was from 1.99 to 2.82%, with a relatively lower coefficient of variation in comparison with pure crops. More crude fibre was indicated in winter barley, triticale and winter vetch. All pure crops displayed a low coefficient of variation (from 7.21% to 10.26%). The lowest values of crude fibre were in the mixed crops with winter pea and they had a lower coefficient of variation compared to pure crops. In regard to crude ash content the legumes exceeded the cereals. In the legume pure crops a low coefficient of variation was established, while in cereals it was a medial value. On the whole all mixed crops had a low coefficient of variation. In legumes the calcium content was higher but with a low coefficient of variation than cereals. In mixed crops irrespective of whether it had a cereal or legume component the calcium content in forage varied from 0.530 to 0.870%. In mixtures the calcium variation was mostly with a medial value. The phosphorus content had lower values in forage of pure and mixed crops. The least variation (as a medial value) was observed in winter vetch and winter barley. In mixed crops with winter barley this indicator had a low coefficient of variation. The most favorable proportion between calcium and phosphorus for pure crops was found in cereals (triticale and winter barley) - respectively 2.46 and 2.23 and for mixed crops - in Winter barley+winter pea and Winter barley+winter vetch - from 1.76 to 2.57.
Sorption of Inorganic Substances on the Porous Latvian Clay Ceramic
Authors: Dabare L. , Svinka R. , Svinka V. 
Published: May 2013

Devonian clay of Liepa deposit (district of Cesis) and Quaternary clay of Laza deposit (district of Aizpute) was investigated. Pellets were fired at four different temperatures of 700, 800, 900, and 1050 °C. Porosity and surface area of pellets was determined by mercury porosimetry. The pH values after water immersion of fired pellets was determined with a pHmeter. The sorption ability of molecular substance (iodine) and ionic substances (ammonia and dichromate) were determined by titrimetric methods.
The best sorption ability was found for iodine molecules. The entire amount of iodine in the water suspension was absorbed in two weeks, and the sorption ability reached 12.5 mg/g for samples fired at 700 and 800 °C temperature for the Liepa clay and 13.0 mg/g for the Laza clay. The sorption ability of these clay pellets for ammonia was lower and amounted to 3.0 and 2.5 mg/g, respectively. The sorption ability for dichromate ion was even less - only 0.6 mg/g for pellets of both clays.
The investigated fired porous clay granules exhibited distinct sorption properties towards water-soluble ionic and molecular substances, which depended more on the firing temperature of granules and less on the source of clay.
Comparative Investigations of the Incidence of Sexual Assault in Three Regions of the Republic of Bulgaria During 1997–2006
Authors: Demireva Radoynova Dobrinka , Dimitrova Miteva Radostina , Burulyanova Irina Slavcheva , Ivanov Ganchev Dimitar , Viktorov Dokov Wiliam , Ivanov Ivanov Teodor , Geogiev Kolev Yanko 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARY
Sexual abuse is considered as a crime against the person all over the world. Despite the age of victims, it could trigger serious physical and psychological consequences, psychoactive substances and drug abuse, reproductive disorders, suicides and even death. The aim of retrospective investigation was to analyze the incidence of sexual assault in the regions of Varna (V), Silistra (S) and Gabrovo (G) in the period 1998-2006. The material used in the study involved the archive records of the Forensic Medicine Wards in the three studied regions. The comparative study employed inquiries and the documental interpretation method. The data of the investigations are filled in questionnaires in Microsoft Excel and compared. In conclusion, we could state that: 1. The female age group, most affected by sexual assault, was that of 14-17 years. 2. Most commonly, the sexual crimes are performed by persons familiar to the victims (50.10%). 3. Among men, the most affected age group was that under 14 years of age.
Land use change impact on soil organic matter.
Loess landscape case study
Authors: Sosnowska Agnieszka 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The aim of this article is to establish how land use change influences soil organic matter content in the loess landscape. The research was conducted near Krasnystaw in the Lublin Upland, in forest, on arable land and on abandoned lands at various stages of secondary succession.

During the field research, samples were collected from the upper soil layer and analyzed for organic carbon content, fractional composition of humus compounds and soil reaction. The results obtained indicate that the impact of land use change manifests itself in a change of the soil reaction, which turns from neutral or slightly acid into acid. The tillage system reduces organic matter in the soil and increases the humic acids ratio, whereas abandonment of the land causes an evident increase in the soil’s organic matter content and the fulvic acids ratio. These results allow us to state that land use change has a rapid impact on the geochemical properties of the landscape (which can be noticed as soon as 5 years after the land is abandoned).
Aproximate Cycles of the Second Kind in Hilbert space for a Generalized Barbashin-Ezeilo Problem
Authors: Afuwape A. U. , Udo-utun Xavier , Balla M. Y. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract In this work we show that the Volterra integral operator defined on the space of absolutely stable functions induces an asymptotically pseudocontractive operator. We, then, show that Afuwape’s [1] generalization of the Barbashin-Ezeilo problem is solvable in a Banach space (but not in Hilbert space L2[0,∞)). However applying Osilike-Akuchuf[10] theorem and recent results (in Hilbert space) of Igbokwe and Udoutun[8] we formulate conditions for finding approximate cycles of the second kind (in the Hilbert space W02,2[0,∞)) to this problem given in the form x'" + ax" + g(x') + φ(x)= 0
An iteration process for common fixed points of two nonself asymptotically nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Akbulut Sezgin 
Published: May 2013

Abstract In this paper, we introduce an iteration process for approximating common fixed points of two nonself asymptotically nonexpansive map- pings in Banach spaces. Our process contains Mann iteration process and some other processes for nonself mappings but is independent of Ishikawa iteration process. We prove some weak and strong convergence theorems for this iteration process. Our results generalize and improve some results in contemporary literature.
Green's Relations on HypG(2)
Authors: Puninagool Wattapong , Leeratanavalee Sorasak 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA generalized hypersubstitution of type τ = (2) is a mapping which maps the binary operation symbol f to a term σ(f) which does not necessarily preserve the arity. Any such σ can be inductively extended to a map σ̂ on the set of all terms of type τ = (2), and any two such extensions can be composed in a natural way. Thus, the set HypG(2) of all generalized hypersubstitutions of type τ = (2) forms a monoid. Green's relations on the monoid of all hypersubstitutions of type τ = (2) were studied by K. Denecke and Sh.L. Wismath. In this paper we describe the classes of generalized hypersubstitutions of type τ = (2) under Green's relations.
Two sufficient conditions for fractional k-deleted graphs
Authors: Lv Xiangyang 
Published: May 2013

Abstract Let G be a graph, and k a positive integer. A fractional k-factor is a way of assigning weights to the edges of a graph G (with all weights between 0 and 1) such that for each vertex the sum of the weights of the edges incident with that vertex is k. A graph G is a fractional k-deleted graph if G - e has a fractional k-factor for each e ∈ 2 E(G). In this paper, we obtain some sufficient conditions for graphs to be fractional k-deleted graphs in terms of their minimum degree and independence number. Furthermore, we show the results are best possible in some sense
The Gâteaux derivative and orthogonality in C∞
Authors: Mecheri Salah , Mecheri Hacene 
Published: May 2013

Abstract The general problem in this paper is minimizing the C∞− norm of suitable affine mappings from B(H) to C∞, using convex and differential analysis (Gateaux derivative) as well as input from operator theory. The mappings considered generalize the so-called elementary operators and in particular the generalized derivations, which are of great interest by themselves. The main results obtained characterize global minima in terms of (Banach space) orthogonality.
Smooth pointwise multipliers of modulation spaces
Authors: Narimani Ghassem 
Published: May 2013

Abstract Let 1 < p, q < ∞ and s, r ∈ ℝ. It is proved that any function in the amalgam space W(Hrp(ℝd), ℓ∞), where p' is the conjugate exponent to p and Hrp′ (ℝd) is the Bessel potential space, defines a bounded pointwise multiplication operator in the modulation space Msp,q(ℝd), whenever r > |s| + d
The Reasons for Non-Use of Social Networking Websites by University Students
Authors: Turan Zeynep , Tinmaz Hasan , Goktas Yuksel 
Published: May 2013

Although social networking websites (SNSs, especially Facebook) have become highly popular with youths, some university students do not want to participate in such sites. This study explores the underlying reasons for hightech university students’ non-use of social networking websites. The study group (n=20) consisted of 18 to 25yearold undergraduate students, who were selected by the purposive sampling method. Data were collected from two large state universities in Turkey. Facebook, as one of the most popular social networking websites, was selected as a study context. Qualitative research methods were used in the data collection and analysis processes. The primary reasons for not using social networking websites were that they were perceived to be a waste of time, or an unnecessary tool; that they might lead to an addiction; that they might violate privacy concerns or share unnecessary information; and that they might invoke family concerns. Additionally, the findings indicated that most of the students did not trust virtual friendships, and did not like sharing photographs and political views online. This identification of non-user students’ attitudes about SNSs will help us to better understand individual perceptions and experiences relating to these social services.
Aunque las redes sociales (los SRS, especialmente Facebook) se han popularizado entre la juventud, hay algunos alumnos universitarios que no desean participar en ellas. Esta investigación explora las razones subyacentes por las cuales los alumnos universitarios no utilizan las redes sociales. El grupo experimental (n=20) estuvo formado por alumnos de licenciatura de entre 18 y 25 años, seleccionados mediante muestreo intencional. Se recogieron los datos en dos grandes universidades estatales de Turquía. Facebook fue seleccionado para contextualizar esta investigación, por ser una de las redes sociales más populares. Los métodos de investigación cualitativa se emplearon en la recogida y análisis de los datos. Entre las razones principales por las que no utilizan las redes sociales se encuentran su percepción como una pérdida de tiempo, o una herramienta innecesaria; las posibilidades de poder conllevar una adicción; violar las normas de privacidad, compartir información excesiva; e invocar la preocupación parental. Adicionalmente, los resultados indicaron que la mayoría de los alumnos no confió en sus amistades virtuales y que no les gustaba compartir fotografías ni opiniones políticas en línea. El haber identificado las actitudes hacia los SRS de los alumnos nousuarios nos ayudará a entender mejor las percepciones y experiencias individuales relacionadas con estos servicios sociales.
Masking as a persuasive strategy in advertising for young
Authors: Bermejo-Berros Jesús 
Published: May 2013

Los jóvenes viven hoy en una cultura multimedia donde los contenidos a los que acceden y hacen circular a través de diferentes dispositivos tecnológicos audiovisuales, forman parte de su educación informal. En ese contexto, la publicidad clásica inserta en esos medios de comunicación está dando paso a nuevas estrategias en las que la publicidad se enmascara en otros contenidos dirigidos a los jóvenes. Estos creen estar suficientemente bien informados para considerar que la influencia de la publicidad sobre ellos es relativa y afirman estar dotados de eficaces estrategias que les inmunizan contra ella. Sin embargo, como se argumenta en el presente artículo, la actual publicidad está implementando nuevas formas persuasivas que no perciben. Se presenta una investigación empírica en la que participan 154 estudiantes. Mediante un dispositivo informático interactivo procesan un total de 223 estímulos correspondientes a un medio de comunicación gráfico. Como variables dependientes se recoge el grado de acierto en la identificación de la presencia de publicidad en los estímulos y el tiempo de reacción. Los resultados muestran cómo las nuevas estrategias de enmascaramiento en publicidad evitan la toma de conciencia de los jóvenes de estar recibiendo mensajes publicitarios. Ello favorece que éstos no contraargumenten. Estos resultados abren la discusión de la pertinencia de dar a conocer a los jóvenes, en su proceso educativo, estas actuales estrategias publicitarias eficaces provenientes de los sistemas de educación informal.
Young people today live in a media culture where the content they access and circulate through by means of different audiovisual technological devices is part of their informal education. In this context, the traditional advertising inserted into these media is giving way to new strategies through which advertising is masked within other content consumed by young people. They believe they are sufficiently wellinformed to consider advertising's influence on them to be relative, and claim to be equipped with effective strategies that immunize them against it. However, as argued in this article, current advertising is implementing new persuasive forms that go unnoticed. We present an empirical investigation involving 154 students. Through an interactive computing device, the students processed a total of 223 stimuli corresponding to a graphic communication medium. The dependent variables include the degree of success in identifying the presence of advertising in the stimuli and reaction time. The results show how new masking strategies in advertising hinder young people's awareness that they are receiving advertising messages. This facilitates a failure to create counterarguments. The results of this work open up the discussion of whether it is relevant to make known to young people, as part of their education and training, these current effective advertising strategies deriving from informal education systems.
Intimacy and «extimacy» in social networks. Ethical boundaries of facebook
Authors: Tello-Díaz Lucía 
Published: May 2013

The current paper aims to analyze how certain Facebook settings, model of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), have turned into an infringement of some existing privacy Ethical principles. This totally changed and modern paradigm has its clearest expression in recent Web 2.0., and omnipotent Communication Technology, and implies the reconsideration of each Ethical Principles, especially those related to Intimacy and Image Protection. Our research explains not just how these areas are affected by technological changes but also the way these imperative ethical principles are violated because users ignorance and confidence. This carefree attitude and the increasing communicative relevance have given networking precedence over Intimacy protection. The result of this action has been denominated «Extimacy» according to the author Jacques Lacan, a concept which can be translated as public Intimacy through networking activities, namely, exposed Intimacy. The goal we aim to achieve is to illustrate the different ways our Privacy can be damaged by some Facebook measures (as Privacy Policies Change, collecting tendencies of consumption, the use of private data and revealing users confidence). Likewise these arguments will be endorsed by international researches focused on Facebook privacy violations, which we are going to expose to understand how citizens can carry out different actions to defend our Intimacy and Image Rights.
El presente trabajo analiza cómo ciertas herramientas de Facebook, modelo de las nuevas tecnologías de la información, han derivado en la vulneración de algunos planteamientos éticos vigentes hasta el momento. Este paradigma comunicativo que encuentra su máxima expresión en las redes sociales y la tecnología 2.0, implica un replanteamiento de los principios de la ética informativa relativos a la salvaguarda de la intimidad, la protección de la vida privada y el resguardo de la propia imagen. Esta investigación estudia cómo estas áreas no solo se ven afectadas por los cambios tecnológicos y la propia naturaleza de la fuente informativa, sino por la confianza y desconocimiento de los usuarios, quienes dan primacía a la comunicación por encima de la intimidad. Este fenómeno denominado «extimidad» por Jacques Lacan, se traduce como la intimidad hecha pública a través de las nuevas redes de comunicación o intimidad expuesta. En nuestro análisis expondremos los resortes a través de los cuales se quebranta nuestra privacidad en Facebook, especialmente por medio de la captación de pautas de comportamiento, el empleo de datos derivados de los perfiles, los cambios en la política de privacidad y el reconocimiento facial, avalando su transgresión con documentación derivada de investigaciones realizadas por organismos internacionales. En resumen, analizar la vulneración de la intimidad en las redes sociales y entender qué medidas pueden implementarse para defender nuestros derechos son el objetivo de esta comunicación.
Endogenous Galectin-1 Exerts Tonic Inhibition on Experimental Arthritis
Authors: Iqbal Asif J. , Cooper Dianne , Vugler Alexander , Gittens Beatrice R. , Moore Adrian , Perretti Mauro 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Little is known about the role(s) of endogenous galectin-1 (Gal-1) in arthritis. In this study we queried whether antiarthritic functions for this effector of endogenous anti-inflammation could be unveiled by studying collagen-induced arthritis in Gal-1−/− mice. Gal-1−/− and C57BL/6J [wild-type (WT)] mice received an immunization of chicken type II collagen (CII) in CFA followed by a booster on day 21, which consisted of CII in IFA. Animals were monitored for signs of arthritis from day 14 onward. Clinical and histological signs of arthritis were recorded, and humoral and cellular immune responses against CII were analyzed. A distinct disease penetrance was apparent, with ∼ 70% of Gal-1−/− mice developing arthritis compared with ∼ 50% in WT animals. Gal-1−/− mice also exhibited an accelerated disease onset and more severe arthritis characterized by significantly elevated clinical scores. Postmortem analyses (day 42) revealed higher levels of IgG1 and IgG2b anti-CII Ig isotypes in the serum of Gal-1 null animals compared with WT. Finally, T cell responses following ex vivo stimulation with CII revealed a greater degree of proliferation in T cells of Gal-1−/− mice compared with WT, which was associated with increased production of IL-17 and IL-22. These data suggest the novel idea that endogenous Gal-1 is an inhibitory factor in the development of arthritis affecting disease severity. We have also highlighted the importance of endogenous Gal-1 in regulating T cell reactivity during experimental arthritis.
A comparison of model‐based and data‐driven controller tuning
Authors: Formentin Simone , van Heusden Klaske , Karimi Alireza 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYIn many industrial applications, finding a model from physical laws that is both simple and reliable for control design is a hard and time‐consuming undertaking. When a set of input/output measurements is available, one can derive the controller directly from data, without relying on the knowledge of the physics. In the scientific literature, two main approaches have been proposed for control system design from data. In the ‘model‐based’ approach, a model of the system is first derived from data and then a controller is computed‐based on the model. In the ‘data‐driven’ approach, the controller is directly computed from data. In this work, the previous approaches are compared from a novel perspective. The main finding of the paper is that, although from the standard perspective of parameter variance analysis the model‐based approach is always statistically more efficient, the data‐driven controller might outperform the model‐based solution for what concerns the final control cost. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TORC1‐dependent epilepsy caused by acute biallelic Tsc1 deletion in adult mice
Authors: Abs Elisabeth , Goorden Susanna M. I. , Schreiber Jadwiga , Overwater Iris E. , Hoogeveen‐Westerveld Marianne , Bruinsma Caroline F. , Aganović Elvedin , Borgesius Nils Z. , Nellist Mark , Elgersma Ype 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveSeizure development in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) correlates with the presence of specific lesions called cortical tubers. Moreover, heterozygous TSC animal models do not show gross brain pathology and are seizure‐free, suggesting that such pathology is a prerequisite for the development of epilepsy. However, cells within TSC lesions show increased activity of the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) pathway, and recent studies have implicated this pathway in non–TSC‐related animal models of epilepsy and neuronal excitability. These findings imply a direct role for TORC1 in epilepsy. Here, we investigate the effect of increased TORC1 signaling induced by acute biallelic deletion of Tsc1 in healthy adult mice.MethodsBiallelic Tsc1 gene deletion was induced in adult Tsc1 heterozygous and wild‐type mice. Seizures were monitored by electroencephalographic and video recordings. Molecular and cellular changes were investigated by Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and electrophysiology.ResultsMice developed epilepsy a few days after biallelic Tsc1 deletion. Acute gene deletion was not accompanied by any obvious histological changes, but resulted in activation of the TORC1 pathway, enhanced neuronal excitability, and a decreased threshold for protein‐synthesis–dependent long‐term potentiation preceding the onset of seizures. Rapamycin treatment after seizure onset reduced TORC1 activity and fully abolished the seizures.InterpretationOur data indicate a direct role for TORC1 signaling in epilepsy development, even in the absence of major brain pathology. This suggests that TORC1 is a promising target for treating seizures not only in TSC but also in other forms of epilepsy that result from increased TORC1 activation. Ann Neurol 2013;74:569–579