bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining whether lung screening changes risk perceptions: National Lung Screening Trial participants at 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Park Elyse R. , Gareen Ilana F. , Jain Amanda , Ostroff Jamie S. , Duan Fenghai , Sicks JoRean D. , Rakowski William , Diefenbach Michael , Rigotti Nancy A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) research team reported reduced lung cancer mortality among current and former smokers with a minimum 30 pack‐year history who were screened with spiral computed tomography scans compared with chest x‐rays. The objectives of the current study were to examine, at 1‐year follow‐up: 1) risk perceptions of lung cancer and smoking‐related diseases and behavior change determinants, 2) whether changes in risk perceptions differed by baseline screening result; and 3) whether changes in risk perceptions affected smoking behavior.METHODS:A 25‐item risk perception questionnaire was administered to a subset of participants at 8 American College of Radiology Imaging Network/NLST sites before initial and 1‐year follow‐up screens. Items assessed risk perceptions of lung cancer and smoking‐related diseases, cognitive and emotional determinants of behavior change, and knowledge of smoking risks.RESULTS:Among 430 NLST participants (mean age, 61.0 years; 55.6% men; 91.9% white), half were current smokers at baseline. Overall, risk perceptions and associated cognitive and emotional determinants of behavior change did not change significantly from prescreen trial enrollment to 1‐year follow‐up and did not differ significantly by screening test result. Changes in risk perceptions were not associated with changes in smoking status (9.7% of participants quit, and 6.6% relapsed) at 1‐year follow‐up.CONCLUSIONS:Lung screening did not change participants' risk perceptions of lung cancer or smoking‐related disease. A negative screening test, which was the most common screening result, did not appear to decrease risk perceptions nor provide false reassurance to smokers. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
AMIGAS: A multicity, multicomponent cervical cancer prevention trial among Mexican American women
Authors: Byrd Theresa L. , Wilson Katherine M. , Smith Judith Lee , Coronado Gloria , Vernon Sally W. , Fernandez‐Esquer Maria Eugenia , Thompson Beti , Ortiz Melchor , Lairson David , Fernandez Maria E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Considerable efforts have been undertaken in the United States to reduce cervical cancer incidence and mortality by increasing screening; however, disparities in screening rates continue to exist among certain racial and ethnic minority groups. The objective of the current study was to determine the effectiveness of a lay health worker‐delivered intervention—AMIGAS (Ayudando a las Mujeres con Informacion, Guia, y Amor para su Salud [helping women with information, guidance, and love for their health])—to increase Papanicolaou (Pap) test screening among 3 populations of women of Mexican origin.METHODS:Six hundred thirteen women of Mexican origin in 3 treatment sites were randomized among 4 study arms: the full AMIGAS program with a video and a flip chart (n = 151), the AMIGAS program without the video (n = 154), the AMIGAS program without the flip chart (n = 155), and a usual care control group (n = 153). Six months after enrollment, women were surveyed and reported whether or not they had been screened.RESULTS:Women in any of the intervention arms were statistically significantly more likely to report being screened than those in the usual care group in both an intent‐to‐treat analysis and a per‐protocol analysis. In the intent‐to‐treat analysis, 25% of women in the control group and 52% in the full AMIGAS program group reported having had Pap tests (P < .001); in the per‐protocol analysis, the percentages were 29% and 62%, respectively (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS:AMIGAS was effective in increasing Pap test screening among women of Mexican descent when used in a 1‐to‐1 setting. Future research should compare the 1‐on‐1 intervention with the group‐based intervention. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
The superiority of the seventh edition of the TNM classification depends on the overall survival of the patient cohort
Authors: Hayashi Tsutomu , Yoshikawa Takaki , Bonam Kiran , Sue‐Ling Henry M. , Taguri Masataka , Morita Satoshi , Tsuburaya Akira , Hayden Jeremy D. , Grabsch Heike I. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to investigate whether the seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer TNM classification (TNM7) had superior discriminatory ability over the sixth edition of the TNM classification (TNM6) in patients with gastric cancer regardless of their country of origin.METHODS:In total, 538 patients from the Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital (Yokohama, Japan) (KCCH) and 519 patients from the Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Trust (Leeds, United Kingdom) (LTHT) who underwent surgery for gastric cancer were selected. Overall survival was used for statistical analysis. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated with disease stage as a continuous variable to evaluate the discriminatory ability of the TNM stage groups. The estimates of log HRs (logHRs) for the TNM6 and the TNM7 stage groups were compared.RESULTS:In the KCCH cohort, 82 patients (15%) were upstaged, and 26 patients (5%) were downstaged between TNM6 and TNM7 compared with 253 patients (49%) and 53 patients (10%), respectively, in the LTHT cohort. The logHRs for a 1‐stage increase within TNM6 and TNM7 were 1.06 and 1.16, respectively, in the KCCH cohort and 0.57 and 0.79, respectively, in the LTHT cohort. The differences in logHRs between TNM6 and TNM7 were significant in each cohort (KCCH: logHR, 0.11; P = .024; LTHT: logHR, 0.21; P = .0002) and between the 2 cohorts.CONCLUSIONS:TNM7 had superior discriminatory ability compared with TNM6 in both cohorts. The improved ability to discriminate patients with different survival probability when using TNM7 was greater in the LTHT cohort. The current findings indicated that the discriminatory ability of the TNM stage groups may depend on the baseline survival characteristics of the patient cohort. Cancer 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Association between adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network treatment guidelines and improved survival in patients with colon cancer
Authors: Boland Genevieve M. , Chang George J. , Haynes Alex B. , Chiang Yi‐Ju , Chagpar Ryaz , Xing Yan , Hu Chung‐Yuan , Feig Barry W. , You Y. Nancy , Cormier Janice N. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of the current study was to examine the impact of adherence to guidelines on stage‐specific survival outcomes in patients with stage III and high‐risk stage II colon cancer. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) has established working, expert consensus, and evidence‐based guidelines for organ‐specific cancer care, including care of patients with colon cancer.METHODS:Patients who were diagnosed with colon adenocarcinoma between 1998 and 2002 were selected from within the National Cancer Data Base. The cohort was limited to patients who received their first course of treatment at the reporting facility. Pathologic variables, including tumor depth, lymph node status, and evidence of metastatic disease, were used to restage patients, and the patients were divided into low‐risk and high‐risk categories on the basis of criteria defined by the NCCN. Relative survival rates were calculated for the entire cohort, stratified according to adherence versus nonadherence to NCCN treatment guidelines.RESULTS:In univariate analysis of treatment adherence patterns for both patient subgroups (high‐risk stage II and stage III), several factors were associated with a higher rate of nonadherence in both groups, including older age (P < .001); Medicaid, Medicare, or uninsured status versus private insurance (P < .001); and subsequent treatment at a facility other than the facility at which the cancer was first diagnosed (P < .001). In multivariate analysis, multiple factors were associated with differences in relative survival, although analyses that included the year of diagnosis did not demonstrate significant differences over time.CONCLUSIONS:The current study documented practice patterns in a heterogeneous population of patients with colon cancer and demonstrated a survival benefit for patients with stage III and high‐risk stage II colon cancer who received treatment that adhered to NCCN guidelines. These data validate the current NCCN practice guidelines for colon cancer and support the concept of guideline‐based metrics that can be compared across institutions to assess the quality of cancer care and to compare the quality of cancer care among institutions. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Stable Blowup Dynamics for the 1‐Corotational Energy Critical Harmonic Heat Flow
Authors: Raphaël Pierre , Schweyer Remi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe exhibit a stable finite time blowup regime for the 1‐corotational energy critical harmonic heat flow from ℝ2 into a smooth compact revolution surface of ℝ3 that reduces to the semilinear parabolic problem

for a suitable class of functions f. The corresponding initial data can be chosen smooth, well localized, and arbitrarily close to the ground state harmonic map in the energy‐critical topology. We give sharp asymptotics on the corresponding singularity formation that occurs through the concentration of a universal bubble of energy at the speed predicted by van den Berg, Hulshof, and King. Our approach lies in the continuation of the study of the 1‐equivariant energy critical wave map and Schrödinger map with 𝕊2 target by Merle, Raphaël, and Rodnianski. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative comparisons of the state‐of‐the‐art data center architectures
Authors: Bilal Kashif , Khan Samee U. , Zhang Limin , Li Hongxiang , Hayat Khizar , Madani Sajjad A. , Min‐Allah Nasro , Wang Lizhe , Chen Dan , Iqbal Majid , Xu Cheng‐Zhong , Zomaya Albert Y. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYData centers are experiencing a remarkable growth in the number of interconnected servers. Being one of the foremost data center design concerns, network infrastructure plays a pivotal role in the initial capital investment and ascertaining the performance parameters for the data center. Legacy data center network (DCN) infrastructure lacks the inherent capability to meet the data centers growth trend and aggregate bandwidth demands. Deployment of even the highest‐end enterprise network equipment only delivers around 50% of the aggregate bandwidth at the edge of network. The vital challenges faced by the legacy DCN architecture trigger the need for new DCN architectures, to accommodate the growing demands of the ‘cloud computing’ paradigm. We have implemented and simulated the state of the art DCN models in this paper, namely: (a) legacy DCN architecture, (b) switch‐based, and (c) hybrid models, and compared their effectiveness by monitoring the network: (a) throughput and (b) average packet delay. The presented analysis may be perceived as a background benchmarking study for the further research on the simulation and implementation of the DCN‐customized topologies and customized addressing protocols in the large‐scale data centers. We have performed extensive simulations under various network traffic patterns to ascertain the strengths and inadequacies of the different DCN architectures. Moreover, we provide a firm foundation for further research and enhancement in DCN architectures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel multigrid on hierarchical hybrid grids: a performance study on current high performance computing clusters
Authors: Gmeiner Björn , Köstler Harald , Stürmer Markus , Rüde Ulrich 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYThis article studies the performance and scalability of a geometric multigrid solver implemented within the hierarchical hybrid grids (HHG) software package on current high performance computing clusters up to nearly 300,000 cores. HHG is based on unstructured tetrahedral finite elements that are regularly refined to obtain a block‐structured computational grid. One challenge is the parallel mesh generation from an unstructured input grid that roughly approximates a human head within a 3D magnetic resonance imaging data set. This grid is then regularly refined to create the HHG grid hierarchy. As test platforms, a BlueGene/P cluster located at Jülich supercomputing center and an Intel Xeon 5650 cluster located at the local computing center in Erlangen are chosen. To estimate the quality of our implementation and to predict runtime for the multigrid solver, a detailed performance and communication model is developed and used to evaluate the measured single node performance, as well as weak and strong scaling experiments on both clusters. Thus, for a given problem size, one can predict the number of compute nodes that minimize the overall runtime of the multigrid solver. Overall, HHG scales up to the full machines, where the biggest linear system solved on Jugene had more than one trillion unknowns. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cache‐oblivious matrix algorithms in the age of multicores and many cores
Authors: Heinecke Alexander , Trinitis Carsten 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThis article highlights the issue of upcoming wider single‐instruction, multiple‐data units as well as steadily increasing core counts on contemporary and future processor architectures. We present the recent port to and latest results of cache‐oblivious algorithms and implementations of our TifaMMy code on four architectures: SGI's UltraViolet distributed shared‐memory machine, Intel's latest x86 architecture code‐named Sandy Bridge, AMD's new Bulldozer architecture, and Intel's future Many Integrated Core architecture. TifaMMy's matrix multiplication and LU decomposition routines have been adapted and tuned with regard to these architectures. Results are discussed and compared with vendors’ architecture‐specific and optimized libraries, Math Kernel Library and AMD Core Math Library, for both a standard C++ version with vectorization compiler switches and TifaMMy's highly optimized vector intrinsics version. We provide insights into architectural properties and comment on the feasibility of heterogeneous cores and accelerators, namely graphics processing units. Besides bare‐metal performance, the test platforms’ ease of use is analyzed in detail, and the portability of our approach to new and upcoming silicon is discussed with regard to required effort on code change abstraction levels.As a result, we demonstrate that because of its generic structure in terms of memory organization, TifaMMy executes with equally efficient performance on all four architectures as it automatically adapts itself to architectural parameters without losing performance against the Math Kernel Library and AMD Core Math Library, underlining its generic and cache‐oblivious properties, as the porting effort was relatively low compared with that in other implementations.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cost minimization in utility computing systems
Authors: Penmatsa Satish , Chronopoulos Anthony T. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYUtility computing is a form of computer service whereby the company providing the service charges the users for using the system resources. In this paper, we present system‐optimal and user‐optimal price‐based job allocation schemes for utility computing systems whose objective is to minimize the cost for the users. The system‐optimal scheme provides an allocation of jobs to the computing resources that minimizes the overall cost for executing all the jobs in the system. The user‐optimal scheme provides an allocation that minimizes the cost for individual users in the system for providing fairness. The system‐optimal scheme is formulated as a constraint minimization problem, and the user‐optimal scheme is formulated as a non‐cooperative game. The prices charged by the computing resource owners for executing the users jobs are obtained using a pricing model based on a non‐cooperative bargaining game theory framework. The performance of the studied job allocation schemes is evaluated using simulations with various system loads and configurations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring Silica Supported Molybdenum Oxide Catalysts at Work: A Raman Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Thielemann Jörg P. , Hess Christian 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe structure of silica SBA‐15‐supported molybdenum oxide catalysts is investigated during selective oxidation of propylene at 500 °C using operando Raman spectroscopy. The active catalysts contain mixtures of dispersed molybdenum oxide species exhibiting monooxo and dioxo structure. An increase in molybdenum oxide loading results in a decrease of the ratio of dioxo and monooxo species from 3.8 to 1.9, as determined by quantitative analysis of Raman spectra. Additional in situ Raman studies at 500 °C reveal that the dioxo/monooxo ratio increases in the presence of steam at higher molybdenum oxide loadings. The observed structural changes are assigned to shifts in the equilibrium between dioxo and monooxo species resulting from hydration/dehydration of the catalyst. This study demonstrates that the detailed structure of nanostructured molybdenum oxide catalysts depends on temperature, gas‐phase composition, and molybdenum oxide loading.
Binary Complexes of Ammonia with Phenylacetylenes: A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach to Explore Multiple Minima on Intermolecular Potentials
Authors: Dey Arghya , Mondal Sohidul Islam , Patwari G. Naresh 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe hydrogen‐bonded complexes of phenylacetylene, 4‐fluorophenylacetylene, 2‐fluorophenylacetylene, and 2,6‐difluorophenylacetylene with ammonia are investigated using IR–UV double resonance spectroscopy in combination with high‐level ab initio calculations at the CCSD(T)/CBS level of theory. The CH⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen‐bonded complex, which involves an interaction of ammonia with the acetylenic CH group is the global minimum and is observed in all four cases investigated. In addition, phenylacetylene and 4‐fluorophenylacetylene form a quasi‐planar cyclic complexes with ammonia incorporating NH⋅⋅⋅π and CH⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonds, wherein the π‐electron density of the acetylenic CC bond acts as an acceptor to the NH group of ammonia. A third ammonia complex is observed for 4‐fluorophenylacetylene in which ammonia interacts with the fluorine atom once again, leading to the formation of a quasi‐planar cyclic complex. The substitution of the fluorine atom on the phenyl ring of phenylacetylene modulates the intermolecular potentials, which are dependent on the position of the substitution.
How does variation in the environment and individual cognition explain the existence of consistent behavioral differences?
Authors: Niemelä Petri T. , Vainikka Anssi , Forsman Jukka T. , Loukola Olli J. , Kortet Raine 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAccording to recent studies on animal personalities, the level of behavioral plasticity, which can be viewed as the slope of the behavioral reaction norm, varies among individuals, populations, and species. Still, it is conceptually unclear how the interaction between environmental variation and variation in animal cognition affect the evolution of behavioral plasticity and expression of animal personalities. Here, we (1) use literature to review how environmental variation and individual variation in cognition explain population and individual level expression of behavioral plasticity and (2) draw together empirically yet nontested, conceptual framework to clarify how these factors affect the evolution and expression of individually consistent behavior in nature. The framework is based on simple principles: first, information acquisition requires cognition that is inherently costly to build and maintain. Second, individual differences in animal cognition affect the differences in behavioral flexibility, i.e. the variance around the mean of the behavioral reaction norm, which defines plasticity. Third, along the lines of the evolution of cognition, we predict that environments with moderate variation favor behavioral flexibility. This occurs since in those environments costs of cognition are covered by being able to recognize and use information effectively. Similarly, nonflexible, stereotypic behaviors may be favored in environments that are either invariable or highly variable, since in those environments cognition does not give any benefits to cover the costs or cognition is not able to keep up with environmental change, respectively. If behavioral plasticity develops in response to increasing environmental variability, plasticity should dominate in environments that are moderately variable, and expression of animal personalities and behavioral syndromes may differ between environments. We give suggestions how to test our hypothesis and propose improvements to current behavioral testing protocols in the field of animal personality.
Diiron(III)‐Containing 23‐Tungsto‐2‐Borate: First Evidence of 3d Metal Substitution in the {BW13} Framework
Authors: Reinoso Santiago , Vitoria Pablo , San Felices Leire , Gutiérrez‐Zorrilla Juan M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe reaction of [HBW11O39]8–, (WO4)2–, and Fe3+ (1:2:3 ratio) in water at pH 1.5 resulted in [{FeIII(H2O)3}2(WO2)(HBW11O39)2]8– (1), the first 3d‐metal‐substituted tungstoborate whose structure differs from that of a monosubstituted Keggin framework. Polyanion 1 is composed of an unprecedented 23‐tungsto‐2‐borate subunit stabilized by FeIII coordination at the external positions. The linkage mode of the 11‐tungstoborate fragments in 1 evidences that substitution of tungsten by 3d metals can occur in the capping positions of the {BW13} skeleton.
Ca[LiAlN2]: A Quaternary Nitridoaluminate
Authors: Pust Philipp , Pagano Sandro , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCa[LiAlN2] was synthesized from LiAlH4, LiN3, calcium, and lithium metal as fluxing agent in welded‐shut tantalum crucibles at 900 °C. The compound crystallizes in the form of transparent colorless platelets that undergo hydrolysis in air and under moisture. The crystal structure [P21/c (no. 14), a = 5.7587(12) Å, b = 6.8773(14) Å, c = 5.7960(12) Å, β = 90.28(3)°, Z = 4] was solved from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data and was confirmed with Rietveld refinement methods and lattice‐energy calculations (Madelung part of lattice energy, MAPLE). Ca[LiAlN2] forms layers of edge‐ and vertex‐sharing AlN4 tetrahedra isotypic with LiCaGaN2. Li+ ions are positioned in tetrahedral voids within the [Al2N2N4/2] layers resulting in a highly condensed structure of Al‐ and Li‐centered polyhedra.
Solvent Direction of Molecular Architectures in Group 1 Metal Pentacyanocyclopentadienides
Authors: Less Robert J. , Wilson Thomas C. , Guan Bihan , McPartlin Mary , Steiner Alexander , Wood Paul T. , Wright Dominic S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA series of group 1 metal salts of the pentacyanocyclopentadienide anion [Cp(CN)5–] (1) have been crystallised from two distinct solvent systems and the structures of the resulting species investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structural results show that the bonding mode of 1 and the architecture of the resulting lattice is subtly influenced by the alkali metal and the presence of coordination or lattice solvation. The crystallisation of Na[1] from propan‐2‐ol/n‐pentane produces an open clathrate‐type structure of hexagonal type HS‐I composed of fullerene‐like units in which 1 behaves as a planar five‐fold symmetric node with solvent‐filled lattice voids. In contrast, crystallisation of the sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium salts from the same solvent system results in highly condensed, unsolvated phases in which 1 adopts a variety of non‐planar coordination modes involving four or five of the CN groups. When crystallised from nitromethane/diethyl ether, the potassium, rubidium and caesium complexes form solvated arrangements with coordinated MeNO2 that contain helical subunits.