bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the persuasive effects of firm-consumer communication dyads using Facebook
Authors: Atwood Morgan , Morosan Cristian 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to provide a deeper understanding of the effective use of Facebook within the hotel industry. It explored which current Facebook practices are effective/persuasive using the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) as the main theoretical foundation.Design/methodology/approach– Using an experimental design, the effects of consumers’ exposure to treatments, involving different levels of elaboration and source credibility, were examined to determine whether consumer’s process information from Facebook communication through a central or peripheral route.Findings– The results of this research showed that consumer attitudes are affected by the source credibility, but not by the level of elaboration. Also, intentions to stay at the hotel and intentions to engage with the hotel brand via social media were not affected by the level of elaboration or source credibility.Research limitations/implications– This study presents an important step forward in understanding how consumer persuasion takes place in an online environment. Also, this paper provides a first-hand account of the manner in which social media adds value to a business organization. In addition, this paper provides insight on how consumers process online information.Originality/value– As this is the first conceptualization of the ELM in a social media context, this study is uniquely able to explain the concept of persuasion in the hotel industry. Such knowledge is invaluable to academics and hotel decision makers, especially because the research provides specific insights on the manner in which attitudes change in consumers.
Documenting business-to-consumer (B2C) communications on Facebook
Authors: Kwok (Lingzhi Guo) Linchi , Zhang Feifei , Huang Yung-Kuei , Yu Bei , Maharabhushanam Prabhukrishna , Rangan Kasturi 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to document how restaurant’s business-to-consumer communication strategies evolved on Facebook over time and how consumers’ reactions to a variety of Facebook messages changed over time.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study analyzed 2,463 Facebook messages posted by seven quick-service restaurant chains and three casual-dining restaurant chains in the fourth quarter of 2010, 2012 and 2014. ANOVA and post hoc t-test were used to compare the differences among four media types (photo, status update, video and hyperlink) in terms of their usage by companies and Facebook users’ reactions to these messages (measured by number of “Likes”, number of comments and number of shares).

Findings
– Over the three periods of time under observation, there is a substantial decrease of status updates by restaurants and a dramatic increase of photo updates. Photo remained as the most “popular” media type, receiving most “Likes”, comments and shares from consumers. Video was not considered “popular” in 2010 but experienced a slight increase in usage and slowly emerged in 2012 and 2014 as another “popular” media, which no longer had statistical difference with photo in number of comments and shares.

Research limitations/implications
– Some limitations include an under representable sample and its longitudinal design, but the findings provide additional insight to current literature in social media.

Practical implications
– A series of suggestions were advanced from the findings to help hospitality managers better engage Facebook users.

Originality/value
– This is probably the first time-series or longitudinal-like analysis in social media research and yields meaningful findings.
Common themes across social media research
Authors: Bowen John , Baloglu Seyhmus 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to summarize the contribution of the theme issue on the current and future impact of social media on hospitality and tourism. The authors reviewed the papers looking for common themes among the papers. Once identified, the contributions of the papers to the themes were identified and synthesized into an overview of the theme, including implications for practitioners and researchers.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a review of the literature which included the articles within this issue and external literature that provided additional insight into the themes.

Findings
– Five common themes were identified: the importance of user-generated content, regional variances of social media use, the importance of identity, the growing use of mobile access and the importance of measurement. Each of these areas is discussed with new material added to enhance the original discussions within the articles in this issue.

Originality/value
– This summary paper provides a glimpse into the articles in this issue. The discussion of the main themes provides insight into social media for practitioners and provides directions for future research.
Diversity effects on root length production and loss in an experimental grassland community
Authors: Mommer Liesje , Padilla Francisco M. , van Ruijven Jasper , de Caluwe Hannie , Smit‐Tiekstra Annemiek , Berendse Frank , de Kroon Hans 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Advances in root ecology have revealed that root standing biomass is higher in species‐rich plant communities than in species‐poor communities. Currently, we do not know whether this below‐ground diversity effect is the result of enhanced root production or reduced root mortality or both, which is essential information to understand ecosystem functioning, as it determines C sequestration and N dynamics in soil.

Minirhizotron observations were combined with root coring in five different plant communities (four monocultures and the respective mixture). Molecular markers were used to quantitatively determine species abundance in mixed root biomass samples in order to track shifts in below‐ground species composition. In addition, a litterbag experiment was performed to study root decomposition independent of root mortality.

Root length production was greater and root length loss was lower in the mixture than expected from monocultures in all years. Simulations suggest that at least two species must have had reduced losses in mixture compared to monoculture. However, the diversity effects on root mortality may partially be explained by selection effects as the species with the longest root life span became dominant in the mixtures. Root length loss from minirhizotrons was very low; the combination of minirhizotron length measurements with root biomass estimates from coring suggested underestimation of root loss in minirhizotrons over time. Root decomposition was not affected by diversity.

Diversity enhanced root length production and decreased root loss, resulting in below‐ground overyielding. With decomposition unaffected, our results suggest that root mortality is reduced with increasing diversity. Future studies have to reveal the generality of our observations in larger scale biodiversity experiments by using species having a wider variety of root traits.
Field test of sub‐basalt hydrocarbon exploration with marine controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data
Authors: Hoversten G. Michael , Myer David , Key Kerry , Alumbaugh David , Hermann Oliver , Hobbet Randall 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe recent use of marine electromagnetic technology for exploration geophysics has primarily focused on applying the controlled source electromagnetic method for hydrocarbon mapping. However, this technology also has potential for structural mapping applications, particularly when the relative higher frequency controlled source electromagnetic data are combined with the lower frequencies of naturally occurring magnetotelluric data. This paper reports on an extensive test using data from 84 marine controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric stations for imaging volcanic sections and underlying sediments on a 128‐km‐long profile. The profile extends across the trough between the Faroe and Shetland Islands in the North Sea. Here, we focus on how 2.5D inversion can best recover the volcanic and sedimentary sections. A synthetic test carried out with 3D anisotropic model responses shows that vertically transverse isotropy 2.5D inversion using controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data provides the most accurate prediction of the resistivity in both volcanic and sedimentary sections. We find the 2.5D inversion works well despite moderate 3D structure in the synthetic model. Triaxial inversion using the combination of controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data provided a constant resistivity contour that most closely matched the true base of the volcanic flows. For the field survey data, triaxial inversion of controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data provides the best overall tie to well logs with vertically transverse isotropy inversion of controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data a close second. Vertical transverse isotropy inversion of controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data provided the best interpreted base of the volcanic horizon when compared with our best seismic interpretation. The structural boundaries estimated by the 20‐Ω·m contour of the vertical resistivity obtained by vertical transverse isotropy inversion of controlled source electromagnetic and magnetotelluric data gives a maximum geometric location error of 11% with a mean error of 1.2% compared with the interpreted base of the volcanic horizon. Both the model study and field data interpretation indicate that marine electromagnetic technology has the potential to discriminate between low‐resistivity prospective siliciclastic sediments and higher resistivity non‐prospective volcaniclastic sediments beneath the volcanic section.
Energy Requirements for Alternative Food Processing Technologies—Principles, Assumptions, and Evaluation of Efficiency
Authors: Rodriguez‐Gonzalez Oscar , Buckow Roman , Koutchma Tatiana , Balasubramaniam V. M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAlternative food preservation technologies include substitutes to heating methods that may have benefits that include reduction of energy consumption. High‐pressure processing (HPP), membrane filtration (MF), pulsed electric fields (PEF), and ultraviolet radiation (UV) are examples of alternative preservation technologies of growing commercial interest. As unit operations these technologies operate in 4 modes of energy transfer: momentum, heat, electromagnetic, or photon transfer. The objectives of this review were: (1) to examine the fundamentals of energy requirements of 4 alternative food processing technologies such as HPP, MF, PEF, UV, and conventional high‐temperature short‐time (HTST) processing, (2) to establish a basis for comparison of energy consumption between or within technologies, and (3) to evaluate specific energy requirements for the 5 technologies to achieve required safety performance in apple juice. Three levels of energy evaluation for each technology including internal energy, applied energy, and consumed energy were reviewed. The comparison of the specific energy for the 5 technologies was based on information published in scientific papers where the inactivation of Escherichia coli in apple juice was explored. Based on the analysis of energy consumption of these technologies it was concluded that MF and UV have the potential to consume less specific energy than HTST, PEF, and HPP. Differences in energy consumption within each group of technologies were also observed and these could be attributed to differences in the systems. The differences in energy consumption within each group of technologies illustrate that there is potential of improvement in most technologies.
Enhanced E/Z Isomerization of (All‐E)‐lycopene by Employing Iron(III) Chloride as a Catalyst
Authors: Honda Masaki , Kawana Takahiro , Takehara Munenori , Inoue Yoshinori 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCatalytic isomerization of (all‐E)‐lycopene to Z‐isomers using iron(III) chloride was investigated and optimized under various conditions of solvents, concentrations of iron(III) chloride, and reaction temperatures. The total contents of Z‐isomers converted were higher in the order of CH2Cl2 (78.4%) > benzene (61.4%) > acetone (51.5%) > ethyl acetate (50.8%) at 20 °C for 3 h using 1.0 × 10−3 mg/mL iron(III) chloride for 0.1 mg/mL (all‐E)‐lycopene. However, the decomposition of lycopene was markedly accelerated in CH2Cl2: the remaining lycopene after the reaction for 3 h and 12 h was only 79.4% and 47.5%, respectively. As the concentration of catalyst increased in acetone, the Z‐isomerization ratio of lycopene increased to more than 80%, followed by rapid degradation of lycopene to undetectable levels using >4.0 × 10−3 mg/mL iron(III) chloride with the above concentration of (all‐E)‐lycopene. Finally, greater isomerization (79.9%) was attained at 60 °C in acetone for 3 h in the presence of 1.0 × 10−3 mg/mL iron(III) chloride, largely without decomposition of lycopene (remaining ratio of total amount of lycopene isomers after the reaction, 96.5%). As iron(III) chloride has found general use as a food additive for iron fortification and acetone is also widely used in the food field, this method can be applied to the food and beverage processing industry.
Ga‐68 octreotate PET/CT and Tc‐99m heat‐denatured red blood cell SPECT/CT imaging of an intrapancreatic accessory spleen
Authors: Barber Thomas W , Dixon Andrew , Smith Marty , Yap Kenneth S K , Kalff Victor 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIntrapancreatic accessory spleens are relatively uncommon and can be difficult to distinguish from neuroendocrine tumours on CT, MRI and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. We present the case of a 26‐year‐old woman with an incidentally diagnosed pancreatic lesion confirmed to be an intrapancreatic accessory spleen on Tc‐99m heat‐denatured red blood cell single photon emission computed tomography/CT.
Anticoagulant therapy and its impact on dental patients: a review
Authors: Thean D , Alberghini M 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSeveral new oral anticoagulants have been studied in the past decade, and have now started to enter the market. These drugs are reported to be as effective as, or more effective than, warfarin. In Australia, the Therapeutic Goods Administration has approved dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban. The use of these newer anticoagulants is likely to increase in time, and it is important for dentists to have a sound understanding of the mechanisms of action, reversal strategies, and management guidelines for patients taking oral anticoagulants. This article discusses the process of coagulation, available anticoagulants and their monitoring and reversal, and provides clinical advice on the management of patients on anticoagulants who require dental treatment.
New medical diagnoses and length of stay of acutely unwell older patients: Implications for funding models
Authors: Basic David , Khoo Angela 
Published: June 2015

AimTo examine the relationship between newly made medical diagnoses and length of stay (LOS) of acutely unwell older patients.MethodsConsecutive patients admitted under the care of four geriatricians were randomly allocated to a model development sample (n =937) or a model validation sample (n =855). Cox regression was used to modelLOS. Variables considered for inclusion in the development model were established risk factors forLOSand univariate predictors from our dataset. Variables selected in the development sample were tested in the validation sample.ResultsA median of five new medical diagnoses were made during a medianLOSof 10 days. New diagnoses predicted an increased LOS (hazard ratio 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.88–0.92). Other significant predictors of increased LOS in both samples were malnutrition and frailty.ConclusionsIdentification of new medical diagnoses may have implications for Diagnosis Related Groups‐based funding models and may improve the care of older people.
Population pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in non‐pregnant and pregnant women
Authors: Pillai Venkateswaran C. , Han Kelong , Beigi Richard H. , Hankins Gary D. , Clark Shannon , Hebert Mary F. , Easterling Thomas R. , Zajicek Anne , Ren Zhaoxia , Caritis Steve N. , Venkataramanan Raman 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimsPhysiological changes in pregnancy are expected to alter the pharmacokinetics of various drugs. The objective of this study was to evaluate systematically the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir (OS), a drug used in the treatment of influenza during pregnancy.MethodsA multicentre steady‐state pharmacokinetic study of OS was performed in 35 non‐pregnant and 29 pregnant women. Plasma concentration–time profiles were analyzed using both non‐compartmental and population pharmacokinetic modelling (pop PK) and simulation approaches. A one compartment population pharmacokinetic model with first order absorption and elimination adequately described the pharmacokinetics of OS.ResultsThe systemic exposure of oseltamivir carboxylate (OC, active metabolite of OS) was reduced approximately 30 (19–36)% (P < 0.001) in pregnant women. Pregnancy significantly (P < 0.001) influenced the clearance (CL/F) and volume of distribution (V/F) of OC. Both non‐compartmental and population pharmacokinetic approaches documented approximately 45 (23–62)% increase in clearance (CL/F) of OC during pregnancy.ConclusionBased on the decrease in exposure of the active metabolite, the currently recommended doses of OS may need to be increased modestly in pregnant women in order to achieve comparable exposure with that of non‐pregnant women.
Metacommunity speciation models and their implications for diversification theory
Authors: Hubert Nicolas , Calcagno Vincent , Etienne Rampal S. , Mouquet Nicolas 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe emergence of new frameworks combining evolutionary and ecological dynamics in communities opens new perspectives on the study of speciation. By acknowledging the relative contribution of local and regional dynamics in shaping the complexity of ecological communities, metacommunity theory sheds a new light on the mechanisms underlying the emergence of species. Three integrative frameworks have been proposed, involving neutral dynamics, niche theory, and life history trade‐offs respectively. Here, we review these frameworks of metacommunity theory to emphasise that: (1) studies on speciation and community ecology have converged towards similar general principles by acknowledging the central role of dispersal in metacommunities dynamics, (2) considering the conditions of emergence and maintenance of new species in communities has given rise to new models of speciation embedded in the metacommunity theory, (3) studies of diversification have shifted from relating phylogenetic patterns to landscapes spatial and ecological characteristics towards integrative approaches that explicitly consider speciation in a mechanistic ecological framework. We highlight several challenges, in particular the need for a better integration of the eco‐evolutionary consequences of dispersal and the need to increase our understanding on the relative rates of evolutionary and ecological changes in communities.
Lack of host specificity leads to independent assortment of dipterocarps and ectomycorrhizal fungi across a soil fertility gradient
Authors: Peay Kabir G. , Russo Sabrina E. , McGuire Krista L. , Lim Zhenyu , Chan Ju Ping , Tan Sylvester , Davies Stuart J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPlants interact with a diversity of microorganisms, and there is often concordance in their community structures. Because most community‐level studies are observational, it is unclear if such concordance arises because of host specificity, in which microorganisms or plants limit each other's occurrence. Using a reciprocal transplant experiment, we tested the hypothesis that host specificity between trees and ectomycorrhizal fungi determines patterns of tree and fungal soil specialisation. Seedlings of 13 dipterocarp species with contrasting soil specialisations were seeded into plots crossing soil type and canopy openness. Ectomycorrhizal colonists were identified by DNA sequencing. After 2.5 years, we found no evidence of host specificity. Rather, soil environment was the primary determinant of ectomycorrhizal diversity and composition on seedlings. Despite their close symbiosis, our results show that ectomycorrhizal fungi and tree communities in this Bornean rain forest assemble independently of host‐specific interactions, raising questions about how mutualism shapes the realised niche.
Movement asymmetry in working polo horses
Authors: Pfau T. , Parkes R. S. , Burden E. R. , Bell N. , Fairhurst H. , Witte T. H. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyThe high, repetitive demands imposed on polo horses in training and competition may predispose them to musculoskeletal injuries and lameness.ObjectivesTo quantify movement symmetry and lameness in a population of polo horses, and to investigate the existence of a relationship with age.Study designConvenience sampled cross‐sectional study.MethodsSixty polo horses were equipped with inertial measurement units (IMUs) attached to the poll, and between thetubera sacrale. Six movement symmetry measures were calculated for vertical head and pelvic displacement during in‐hand trot and compared with values for perfect symmetry, compared between left and right limb lame horses, and compared with published thresholds for lameness. Regression lines were calculated as a function of age of horse.ResultsBased on 2 different sets of published asymmetry thresholds 52–53% of the horses were quantified with head movement asymmetry and 27–50% with pelvic movement asymmetry resulting in 60–67% of horses being classified with movement asymmetry outside published guideline values for either the forelimbs, hindlimbs or both. Neither forelimb nor hindlimb asymmetries were preferentially left or right sided, with directional asymmetry values across all horses not different from perfect symmetry and absolute values not different between left and right lame horses (P values >0.6 for all forelimb symmetry measures and >0.2 for all hindlimb symmetry measures). None of the symmetry parameters increased or decreased significantly with age.ConclusionsA large proportion of polo horses show gait asymmetries consistent with previously defined thresholds for lameness. These do not appear to be lateralised or associated with age.