bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute transient encephalomyelitis involving bilateral basal ganglia and internal capsules as manifestation of primary human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Tamura Akiko , Shirano Michinori , Shimono Taro , Takeda Akitoshi , Tsutada Tsuyoshi , Shimada Hiroyuki , Itoh Yoshiaki 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA 25‐year‐old homosexual man presented with influenza‐like symptoms, followed by acute transient leukoencephalomyelitis as an initial presentation of human immunodeficiency virus infection, suggestive of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperintensity in the bilateral periventricular white matter and internal capsules on T2‐weighted images, as well as an obscured boundary of the basal ganglia, which have been reported for the first time in primary human immunodeficiency virus infection.
The Making and Breaking of Food Preservation Practices in a Rural Albertan Community
Authors: Braun Jennifer 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAmid growing concerns over nutrition, food safety, and the relationship between health and environment, anxiety about the general deskilling around food‐related activities has garnered significant public interest and academic inquiry. Mainstream agriculture commodity and retail food chains are failing to meet the concerns citizens are expressing about their food. This has contributed to a relearning of skills of procuring, preparing, and preserving food. This qualitative study looks at the practice of home preserving in a rural Albertan community through a social practice theory framework. I test two premises set out by Shove, Pantzar and Watson (2012): First, social practices consist of three elements (materials, competencies, and meanings) that are integrated when practices are enacted; second, that practices emerge, persist, and disappear as links among these defining elements are made and broken. I demonstrate how the integration of the elements enabled canning as a practice to flourish during a certain period. I then explore how the disintegration of the elements contributed to the decline of the same practice in later years. By examining the connections and breakages in the links between materials, meanings, and competencies, I illustrate the essentiality of integration of elements in order for practices to exist.
Tourette syndrome and procedures related to dental treatment: a systematic review
Authors: Hansen Jonas Kjeldbjerg , Jacobsen Pernille Endrup , Simonsen Janne Lytoft , Hovgaard Ole , Haubek Dorte 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeDental treatment of patients with Tourette syndrome (TS) may present special challenges to the dentist. The aim was to systematically review the literature regarding perioperative procedures including sedation and general anaesthesia (GA) of patients with TS.Materials and methodsLiterature searches were performed in PubMed and Embase to identify papers concerning TS in combination with dental treatment, sedation, and/or GA in order to study outcomes regarding co‐morbidity, perioperative complications, and drug interactions.ResultsThe literature search identified six publications (case reports or series) which addressed the topic. No unexpected adverse effects or drug interactions in relation to sedation or GA in TS patients and no perioperative complications were reported.ConclusionsThe literature on TS is scarce and the evidence level is low. Therefore, guidelines regarding the dental treatment of patients with TS cannot be formulated at the present time.
Renal impairment in HIV‐infected patients initiating tenofovir‐containing antiretroviral therapy regimens in a Primary Healthcare Setting in South Africa
Authors: Kamkuemah Monika , Kaplan Richard , Bekker Linda‐Gail , Little Francesca , Myer Landon 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveLong‐term use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is associated with declines in glomerular function and chronic kidney disease in HIV‐infected patients. We aimed to assess the prevalence and incidence of renal impairment in a primary care setting in sub‐Saharan Africa.MethodsWe analysed data from 1092 HIV‐infected patients initiating tenofovir at a primary care clinic in Cape Town, South Africa. Renal function was assessed for the first 12 months on ART by estimating glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated using the Cockroft–Gault equation categorised into normal, mild, moderate and severe reduction in renal function based on values >90, 60–89, 30–59 and <30 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Associations were assessed using logistic regression, and average GFR trajectory over time was modelled using linear mixed‐effects models.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 62% women; median age was 34 years (IQR 29; 41 years). The majority had normal renal function pre‐ART (79%), 19% had mildly reduced GFR, and 2% had moderate renal impairment. Older age, more advanced WHO stage and anaemia were independently associated with prevalent renal impairment. On average, estimated glomerular function improved over the first year on tenofovir [1.10 ml/min/1.73 m2 average increase over 12 months (95% CI: 0.80; 1.40)]. Male gender, anaemia and immunosuppression (WHO Stage III/IV and CD4 cell counts <100 cells/mm3) were associated with lower average eGFR levels over time. Overall, 3% developed eGFR <50 ml/min/1.73 m2 during this period. Serum creatinine tests conducted before 4 months on ART had low predictive value for predicting change in eGFR after a year on ART.ConclusionGenerally, renal function improved in HIV‐infected adults initiating ART in this primary healthcare setting during the first year on ART. While monitoring of renal function is recommended in the first 4 months on ART, renal impairment appears uncommon during the first 12 months of tenofovir‐containing ART in primary care populations.
Report on the 16th international society of blood transfusion platelet immunology workshop
Authors: Fontão‐Wendel R. , Bertrand G. , Chong W. , Sachs U. J. , Kaplan C. , Tsuno N. , Santoso S. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundThe main aims of the 16th ISBT Platelet Immunology workshop were as follows: (i) to test the ability of the laboratories in the identification of platelet alloantibodies, (ii) to compare the detection of HPA‐1a alloantibodies in serum and plasma, (iii) to quantify HPA‐1a alloantibodies, (iv) to measure platelet‐bound HPA‐1a alloantibodies in lysates, (v) to evaluate a new bead‐based assay for anti‐HPA‐1a and anti‐HPA‐1b detection, (vi) to evaluate the efficiency of a human monoclonal antibody for HPA‐5a phenotyping and (vii) to test the ability to genotype for HPA‐1, HPA‐2, HPA‐3, HPA‐4, HPA‐5, HPA‐6, HPA‐9, HPA‐12w, HPA‐13w and HPA‐15.Materials and methodsSeven exercises were developed to encompass the aims of this workshop. All materials and procedures were distributed for 34 laboratories from 20 countries.ResultsThe platelet alloantibodies identification exercise presented good results compared with previous workshops. Comparison between serum and plasma in titration study showed comparable results for HPA‐1a and HPA‐5b alloantibodies. For the quantitative determination of HPA‐1a alloantibodies, most of the laboratories could reliably assign a similar concentration. It was also possible to identify bound anti‐HPA‐1a alloantibodies in cell lysates within 2 weeks. The bead assay demonstrated good reproducibility between laboratories although some anti‐HPA‐1a samples remain an issue. Phenotyping of HPA‐5b showed high false‐negative error (6%). DNA typing presented excellent results, demonstrating that DNA tests for HPA are very well established in all laboratories.ConclusionsThis workshop presented high complexity exercises with very good results achieved in most of the exercises and approximately 100% consensus among the participants.
Common Marginal Cold Pools
Authors: Mahrt L. , Heald Robert 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study examines marginal cold pools forming in a shallow valley. “Marginal” refers to cold pools that are generally weak and intermittent. Nineteen stations were instrumented with sonic anemometers and accurate slow-response temperature measurements. The vertical structure of the cold pool is determined from a 20-m tower on the valley floor that includes eight levels of sonic anemometers and eight additional levels of slow-response temperature. On the basis of the data analysis, the traditional concept of a cold pool must be generalized to include cold-pool intermittency, complex variation of temperature related to some three-dimensional effects of terrain, and a diffuse cold-pool top. Different types of cold pools are classified in terms of the stratification and gradient of potential temperature along the slope. The strength of the cold pool is related to a forcing temperature scale that is proportional to the net radiative cooling divided by the wind speed above the valley. The scatter is large partly because of nonstationarity of the marginal cold pool in this shallow valley.
Breathing exercises for asthma
Authors: Thomas Mike , Bruton Anne 
Published: December 2014

Educational aimsTo summarise the evidence of the role of breathing control approaches in the management of asthmaTo provide information on the content of evidence-based breathing exercises programmesSummaryAsthma is a complex, multi-dimensional condition that affects patients in many ways. Having asthma is inherently stressful and psychological problems are common and associated with poor asthma outcomes. Although most patients in clinical trials can achieve high levels of control with optimised pharmacotherapy, in “real-life” practice, poor control is common, with over-reliance on rescue bronchodilator medication and ongoing symptoms and quality-of-life impairment. Many patients are interested in non-pharmacological treatments to improve asthma control, particularly breathing control exercises but, until recently, the evidence base has been inadequate. The place of breathing exercises has been controversial, partly because some proponents have made exaggerated, implausible claims of effectiveness. Recent evidence, however, has resulted in endorsement of breathing exercises as add-on treatment in asthma in systematic reviews and guidelines.This review summarises the current evidence of effectiveness of breathing exercises programmes as an adjuvant treatment to pharmacological strategies for people with asthma. The types of breathing training programmes used and the content of effective programmes are discussed. We conclude that patients whose asthma continues to cause symptoms and quality-of-life impairment, despite adequate pharmacological treatment, or who have high bronchodilator use, should be offered access to an effective breathing training programme as a part of holistic, integrated asthma care.Key pointsAsthma is frequently poorly controlled despite effective modern medicationPsychological factors can be as important as physiological ones in affecting symptom perception and disease impactBreathing exercises can improve patient-reported outcomes and psychological stateBreathing exercises should be offered to all asthma patients with symptoms or impaired quality of life despite standard treatment
The Bactrocera dorsalis species complex: comparative cytogenetic analysis in support of Sterile Insect Technique applications
Authors: Augustinos Antonios A , Drosopoulou Elena , Gariou-Papalexiou Aggeliki , Bourtzis Kostas , Mavragani-Tsipidou Penelope , Zacharopoulou Antigone 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundTheBactrocera dorsalisspecies complex currently harbors approximately 90 different members. The species complex has undergone many revisions in the past decades, and there is still an ongoing debate about the species limits. The availability of a variety of tools and approaches, such as molecular-genomic and cytogenetic analyses, are expected to shed light on the rather complicated issues of species complexes and incipient speciation. The clarification of genetic relationships among the different members of this complex is a prerequisite for the rational application of sterile insect technique (SIT) approaches for population control.ResultsColonies established in the Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPCL) (Seibersdorf, Vienna), representing five of the main economic important members of theBactrocera dorsaliscomplex were cytologically characterized. The taxa under study wereB. dorsalis s.s., B. philippinensis, B. papayae, B. invadensandB. carambolae. Mitotic and polytene chromosome analyses did not reveal any chromosomal characteristics that could be used to distinguish between the investigated members of theB. dorsaliscomplex. Therefore, their polytene chromosomes can be regarded as homosequential with the reference maps ofB. dorsalis s.s.. In situhybridization of six genes further supported the proposed homosequentiallity of the chromosomes of these specific members of the complex.ConclusionsThe present analysis supports that the polytene chromosomes of the five taxa under study are homosequential. Therefore, the use of the available polytene chromosome maps forB. dorsalis s.s. as reference maps for all these five biological entities is proposed. Present data provide important insight in the genetic relationships among the different members of theB. dorsaliscomplex, and, along with other studies in the field, can facilitate SIT applications targeting this complex. Moreover, the availability of 'universal' reference polytene chromosome maps for members of the complex, along with the documented application ofin situhybridization, can facilitate ongoing and future genome projects in this complex.
Perspective on the combined use of an independent transgenic sexing and a multifactorial reproductive sterility system to avoid resistance development against transgenic Sterile Insect Technique approaches
Authors: Eckermann Kolja N , Dippel Stefan , Carrami Eli M. , Ahmed Hassan M , Curril Ingrid M , Wimmer Ernst A 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Background
The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is an accepted species-specific genetic control approach that acts as an insect birth control measure, which can be improved by biotechnological engineering to facilitate its use and widen its applicability. First transgenic insects carrying a single killing system have already been released in small scale trials. However, to evade resistance development to such transgenic approaches, completely independent ways of transgenic killing should be established and combined.

Perspective
Most established transgenic sexing and reproductive sterility systems are based on the binary tTA expression system that can be suppressed by adding tetracycline to the food. However, to create 'redundant killing' an additional independent conditional expression system is required. Here we present a perspective on the use of a second food-controllable binary expression system - the inducible Q system - that could be used in combination with site-specific recombinases to generate independent transgenic killing systems. We propose the combination of an already established transgenic embryonic sexing system to meet the SIT requirement of male-only releases based on the repressible tTA system together with a redundant male-specific reproductive sterility system, which is activated by Q-system controlled site-specific recombination and is based on a spermatogenesis-specifically expressed endonuclease acting on several species-specific target sites leading to chromosome shredding.

Conclusion
A combination of a completely independent transgenic sexing and a redundant reproductive male sterility system, which do not share any active components and mediate the induced lethality by completely independent processes, would meet the 'redundant killing' criteria for suppression of resistance development and could therefore be employed in large scale long-term suppression programs using biotechnologically enhanced SIT.
Hypothesizing if responses to climate change affect herbicide exposure risk for amphibians
Authors: Lötters Stefan , Filz Katharina J , Wagner Norman , Schmidt Benedikt R , Emmerling Christoph , Veith Michael 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Pesticide use is well known to be detrimental for maintaining biodiversity in the agricultural landscape. Amphibians are especially affected by these agrochemicals. In particular, these animals’ high sensitivity was demonstrated for glyphosate-based herbicides which are dominating the world market today. Pesticide impacts are influenced by several co-stressors, and we for the first time link the exposure risk of amphibians to these commonly used pesticides to observed recent effects from ongoing climate change. In a simple verbal model, based on present-day data from Germany, we show that amphibian populations which have undergone phenological shift towards earlier reproduction potentially suffer less from applications of glyphosate-based herbicides compared to those which (yet) show no such reproductive shift. Although, apparently observed recent climate change effects lower the exposure risk, we advocate that amphibians are not necessarily safer now, mainly because farmers most likely will adapt their cultivation practices in the future if climate change becomes more obvious. Rather, we conclude that combining pesticide applications, climate change and phenological responses need an increased consideration in amphibian conservation. The results from our verbal model should be seen as a hypothesis that needs to be tested with specific field studies and (based on these data which are widely lacking today) more complex modelling of future exposure risk of pesticides to amphibians.
Acid-base status is an important factor for inflammation, but don’t forget CO2!
Authors: Payen Didier , Haloui Houda 
Published: December 2014

AbstractZampieri and colleagues used sophisticated statistical methods to create a picture of acid-base pattern and inflammation relationship in a clinical context. The observed independent relationship between acidosis and albumin concentration and inflammatory pattern opens up a new area for research. It has become clear that, in addition to the characterization of mediators, receptors, and cellular phenotypes, the inflammatory response has to be interpreted in light of acid-base status, albumin concentration, and probably also carbon dioxide level.
Interspinous bursitis is common in polymyalgia rheumatica, but is not associated with spinal pain
Authors: Camellino Dario , Paparo Francesco , Morbelli Silvia , Cutolo Maurizio , Sambuceti Gianmario , Cimmino Marco A 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a common inflammatory disease in older people characterized by shoulder and/or pelvic girdle, and cervical and, occasionally, lumbar pain. Interspinous bursitis has been suggested as a potential cause of spinal symptoms. We evaluated, by 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography integrated with computed tomography (PET/CT), the vertebral structures involved in PMR in a cohort of consecutive, untreated patients.

Methods
Sixty-five consecutive patients with PMR were studied. After a standardized physical examination, which included evaluation of pain and tenderness in the vertebral column, they underwent FDG-PET/CT. Sites of increased uptake and their correlation with spontaneous and provoked pain were recorded. For comparison, FDG-PET/CT was performed also in 65 age- and sex-matched controls and in 10 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Results
The most frequent site of spontaneous and provoked pain was the cervical portion. FDG uptake was more frequent in the lumbar portion than at any other location, and in the cervical rather than in the thoracic portion (P <0.0001). No correlation was found between uptake and spontaneous or provoked pain. There was an association between presence of cervical and lumbar bursitis (r = 0.34, P = 0.007). None of the control patients and one out of ten RA patients showed interspinous bursitis.

Conclusions
Interspinous bursitis is a frequent finding in the lumbar spine of patients with PMR. However, it is not associated with clinical symptoms and can hardly explain the spinal pain reported by the patients. Cervical pain is more frequent than lumbar pain in PMR patients and may be caused by shoulder girdle involvement.
A new process for the rapid and direct vermicomposting of the aquatic weed salvinia (Salvinia molesta)
Authors: Ganeshkumar T , Premalatha M , Gajalakshmi S , Abbasi SA 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
The concept of high-rate vermicomposting was successfully used to achieve direct vermicomposting of the aquatic weed salvinia - without any precomposting or cow dung supplementation as previously reported processes for the vermicomposting of phytomass had necessitated.

Results
Both the epigeic species of earthworms that were explored, Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida, provided efficient vermicast production with no mortality, persistent gain in body mass, and good fecundity over the 270-day-long course of the reactor operation. In this period, all reactors were pulse-fed at the solid retention time of 15 days and were operated in the pseudo-discretized continuous operation protocol developed earlier by the authors. With this, it was possible to almost completely dampen the influence of natural biodegradation of the feed or grazing by the earthworm born in the vermireactors. This has made it possible to link vermicast production directly to the ability of the earthworm to feed upon, and digest, salvinia. In turn, this enables accurate process monitoring and provides clear pointers on how to improve process efficiency.

Conclusion
The paper establishes the capability of high-rate vermicomposting technology developed earlier by the authors in direct and efficient vermicomposting of salvinia without any precomposting or manure supplementation. The findings have very significant implications in improving process economics and consequently process utility. No previous report exists in primary literature on the vermicomposting of salvinia.
Durability of fluoropolymer and antibacterial finishes on woven surgical gown fabrics
Authors: Midha Vinay Kumar , Vashisht Ravikant , Midha Varsha 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCommercially available polyester, polyester-cotton and cotton plain woven fabrics of 150 g/m2 weight and cotton woven fabric samples of 200 g/m2 weight with plain, twill and satin weave were studied for their suitability as surgical gowns. Water repellent and anti bacterial finishes were applied in single bath using pad-dry-cure method with four concentration levels of these finishes. Liquid barrier properties of samples were analyzed by water impact penetration and hydrostatic pressure test. Parallel streak method was used to measure the antibacterial activity on the fabric samples with Staphylococcus aureus. The fabric samples were also analyzed for air permeability and stiffness. Optimum concentration level of fluoropolymer and antibacterial finishes for achieving desired liquid barrier and antibacterial properties were determined for each fabric samples. Fabric samples were subjected to repeated laundering cycles to evaluate the durability of finishes.It was observed that polyester fabric samples and 200 g/m2 cotton twill woven fabrics show highest level of liquid barrier protection of Level 2 according to Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) standards, with 4% and 7% fluoropolymers. The fabrics maintain their barrier protection upto 20 laundering cycles, whereas 100% cotton fabric samples show minimal liquid barrier protection and do not provide Level 2 protection even at 4% and 7% fluoropolymer.