bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marine prey processed with stone tools by burmese long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis aurea) in intertidal habitats
Authors: Gumert Michael D. , Malaivijitnond Suchinda 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLong‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) feed opportunistically in many habitats. The Burmese subspecies (M. f. aurea) inhabits coastal areas in southwestern Thailand and Myanmar, and some of their populations have adapted lithic customs for processing encased foods in intertidal habitats. We investigated the diet of such macaques in Laemson National Park, Thailand, and identified the variety of foods they processed with stones. We conducted 36 shore surveys to study tool sites following feeding activity, during which we counted the minimum number of individual (MNI) food items found at each site. We identified 47 food species (43 animals and four plants), from 37 genera. We counted 1,991 food items during surveys. Nearly all were mollusks (n = 1,924), with the small remainder primarily consisting of crustaceans and nuts. The two most common foods, rock oysters (Saccostrea cucullata; n = 1,062) and nerite snails (Nerita spp.; n = 538), composed 80.2% of our sample. Four prey species comprised 83.2% of the sample (MNI = 1,656), S. cucullata (n = 1,062), Nerita chamaeleon (n = 419), Thais bitubercularis (n = 95), and Monodonta labio (n = 80). Macaques selected a wide variety of foods. However, they heavily concentrated on those that were abundant, easy to access, and sufficiently sized. The Burmese long‐tailed macaque stone‐processed diet, which focuses on intertidal marine prey, differs from Sapajus and Pan, who use stones primarily for encased nuts and fruits. In terms of diversity of foods exploited, coastal stone‐based predation by macaques resembles the diet of coastal‐foraging humans (Homo sapiens sapiens). Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantifying lateral femoral condyle ellipticalness in chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans
Authors: Sylvester Adam D. , Pfisterer Theresa 
Published: October 2012

AbstractArticular surfaces of limb bones provide information for understanding animal locomotion because their size and shape are a reflection of habitual postures and movements. Here we present a novel method for quantifying the ellipticalness (i.e., departure from perfectly circular) of the lateral femoral condyle (LFC), applying this technique to hominid femora. Three‐dimensional surface models were created for 49 Homo sapiens, 34 Pan troglodytes and 25 Gorilla gorilla femora. Software was developed that fit separate cylinders to each of the femoral condyles. These cylinders were constrained to have a single axis, but could have different radii. The cylinder fit to the LFC was allowed to assume an elliptical cross‐section, while the cylinder fit to the medial condyle was constrained to remain circular. The shape of the elliptical cylinder (ratio of the major and minor axes of the ellipse) was recorded, and the orientation of the elliptical cylinder quantified as angles between the major axis of the ellipse and the anatomical and mechanical axes of the femur. Species were compared using analysis of variance and post hoc multiple comparisons tests. Confirming qualitative descriptions, human LFCs are more elliptical than those of chimpanzees and gorillas. Human femora exhibit a narrow range for the angle between the major axis of the elliptical cylinder and femoral axes. Conversely, the chimpanzee sample is bimodal for these angles, exhibiting two ellipse orientations, while Gorilla shows no preferred angle. Our results suggest that like modern human femora, chimpanzee femoral condyles have preferentially used regions. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stepwise reduction of the culture redox potential allows the analysis of microaerobic metabolism and photosynthetic membrane synthesis in Rhodospirillum rubrum
Authors: Carius Lisa , Hädicke Oliver , Grammel Hartmut 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBacterial growth under oxygen‐limited (microaerobic) conditions is often accompanied by phenomena of great interest for fundamental research and industrial application. The microaerobic lifestyle of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria like Rhodospirillum rubrum harbors such a phenomenon, as it allows the formation of photosynthetic membranes and related interesting products without light. However, due to the technical difficulties in process control of microaerobic cultivations and the limited sensitivity of available oxygen sensors, the analysis of microaerobic growth and physiology is still underrepresented in current research. The main focus of the present study was to establish an experimental set‐up for the systematic study of physiological processes, associated with the growth of R. rubrum under microaerobic conditions in the dark. For this purpose, we introduce a robust and reliable microaerobic process control strategy, which applies the culture redox potential (CRP) for assessing different degrees of oxygen limitation in bioreactor cultivations. To describe the microaerobic growth behavior of R. rubrum cultures for each of these defined CRP reduction steps, basic growth parameters were experimentally determined. Flux variability analysis provided an insight into the metabolic activity of the TCA cycle and implied its connection to the respiratory capacity of the cells. In this context, our results suggest that microaerobic growth of R. rubrum can be described as an oxygen‐activated cooperative mechanism. The present study thus contributes to the investigation of metabolic and regulatory events responsible for the redox‐sensitive formation of photosynthetic membranes in facultative photosynthetic bacteria. Furthermore, the introduced microaerobic cultivation setup should be generally applicable for any microbial system of interest which can be cultivated in common stirred‐tank bioreactors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 573–585. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carbohydrate derived‐pseudo‐lignin can retard cellulose biological conversion
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Hu Fan , Sannigrahi Poulomi , Jung Seokwon , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Wyman Charles E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDilute acid as well as water only (hydrothermal) pretreatments often lead to a significant hemicellulose loss to soluble furans and insoluble degradation products, collectively termed as chars and/or pseudo‐lignin. In order to understand the factors contributing to reducing sugar yields from pretreated biomass and the possible influence of hemicellulose derived pseudo‐lignin on cellulose conversion at the moderate to low enzyme loadings necessary for favorable economics, dilute acid pretreatment of Avicel cellulose alone and mixed with beechwood xylan or xylose was performed at various severities. Following pretreatment, the solids were enzymatically hydrolyzed and characterized for chemical composition and physical properties by NMR, FT‐IR, and SEM imaging. It was found that hemicelluloses (xylan) derived‐pseudo‐lignin was formed at even moderate severities and that these insoluble degradation products can significantly retard cellulose hydrolysis. Furthermore, although low severity (CSF ∼ 1.94) dilute acid pretreatment of a xylan–Avicel mixture hydrolyzed most of the xylan (98%) and produced negligible amounts of pseudo‐lignin, enzymatic conversion of cellulose dropped significantly (>25%) compared to cellulose pretreated alone at the same conditions. The drop in cellulose conversion was higher than realized for cellulase inhibition by xylooligomers reported previously. Plausible mechanisms are discussed to explain the observed reductions in cellulose conversions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 737–753. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of MAOA genotype, childhood trauma, and sex on trait and state‐dependent aggression
Authors: Verhoeven Floor E. A. , Booij Linda , Kruijt Anne‐Wil , Cerit Hilâl , Antypa Niki , Van der Does Willem 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMonoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genotypic variation has been associated with variation in aggression, especially in interaction with childhood trauma or other early adverse events. Male carriers of the low‐expressing variant (MAOA‐L) with childhood trauma or other early adverse events seem to be more aggressive, whereas female carriers with the high‐expressing variant (MAOA‐H) with childhood trauma or other early adverse events may be more aggressive. We further investigated the effects of MAOA genotype and its interaction with sex and childhood trauma or other early adverse events on aggression in a young adult sample. We hypothesized that the association between genotype, childhood trauma, and aggression would be different for men and women. We also explored whether this association is different for dispositional (trait) aggression versus aggression in the context of dysphoric mood. In all, 432 Western European students (332 women, 100 men; mean age 20.2) were genotyped for the MAOA gene. They completed measures of childhood trauma, state and trait measures of aggression‐related behaviors (STAXI), and cognitive reactivity to sad mood (LEIDS‐R), including aggression reactivity. Women with the MAOA‐H had higher aggression reactivity scores than women with the MAOA‐L. This effect was not observed in men, although the nonsignificant findings in men may be a result of low power. Effects on the STAXI were not observed, nor were there gene by environment interactions on any of the aggression measures. A protective effect of the low‐expression variant in women on aggression reactivity is consistent with previous observations in adolescent girls. In females, the MAOA‐H may predispose to aggression‐related problems during sad mood.
‘Categories We Share’: Mobilising Common In‐groups in Discourse on Contemporary Immigration in Greece
Authors: Sapountzis Antonis , Figgou Lia , Bozatzis Nikos , Gardikiotis Antonis , Pantazis Pavlos 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTPrejudice reduction has been an important concern within social psychology both in theory and applied research. According to the premises of Social Identity Theory, redrawing of the category boundaries is often considered a necessary step in order to battle prejudice, because in‐group favouritism when the category boundaries change is diffused to the previously distinct identities. The present paper offers a review of the relevant research, and following a discourse analytic perspective argues that recategorisation can also be viewed as a rhetorical resource that people use in verbal interaction in order to achieve certain rhetorical ends. This point is exemplified using interview data from Greece with Greek participants who mobilise common in‐groups between themselves and the immigrants in Greece. Different common in‐groups were mobilised on the basis of common human nature, common ethnic descent and through the use of the common experience of migration that many Greek people have because Greece has been an emigrant sending country for the biggest part of the 20th century. Occasionally, these category constructions were used to differentiate between immigrants of different ethnic descent claiming that only certain immigrant groups can integrate to Greek society, whereas on other instances, these common in‐groups were used in order to inoculate speakers of accusations of prejudice. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrophilicity Control of Visible‐Light Hydrogen Evolution and Dynamics of the Charge‐Separated State in Dye/TiO2/Pt Hybrid Systems
Authors: Han Won‐Sik , Wee Kyung‐Ryang , Kim Hyun‐Young , Pac Chyongjin , Nabetani Yu , Yamamoto Daisuke , Shimada Tetsuya , Inoue Haruo , Choi Heesung , Cho Kyeongjae , Kang Sang Ook 
Published: October 2012

AbstractVisible‐light‐driven H2 evolution based on Dye/TiO2/Pt hybrid photocatalysts was investigated for a series of (E)‐3‐(5′‐{4‐[bis(4‐R1‐phenyl)amino]phenyl}‐4,4′‐(R2)2‐2,2′‐bithiophen‐5‐yl)‐2‐cyanoacrylic acid dyes. Efficiencies of hydrogen evolution from aqueous suspensions in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as electron donor under illumination at λ>420 nm were found to considerably depend on the hydrophilic character of R1, varying in the order MOD (R1=CH3OCH2, R2=H)≈MO4D (R1=R2=CH3OCH2)>HD (R1=R2=H)>PD (R1=C3H7, R2=H). In the case of MOD/TiO2/Pt, the apparent quantum yield for photocatalyzed H2 generation at 436 nm was 0.27±0.03. Transient absorption measurements for MOD‐ or PD‐grafted transparent films of TiO2 nanoparticles dipped into water at pH 3 commonly revealed ultrafast formation (<100 fs) of the dye radical cation (Dye.+) followed by multicomponent decays, which involve minor fast decays (<5 ps) almost independent of R1 and major slower decays with significant differences between the two samples: 1) the early decay of the major components for MOD is about 2.5 times slower than that for PD and 2) a redshift of the spectrum occurred for MOD with a time constant of 17 ps, but not for PD. The substituent effects on H2 generation as well as on transient behavior have been discussed in terms substituent‐dependent charge recombination (CR) of Dye.+ with electrons in bulk, inner‐trap, and/or interstitial‐trap states, arising from different solvent reorganization.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Rearrangements: 1,2‐ and 1,2′‐Alkyl Migration in Skipped Alkynyl Ketones
Authors: Li Wenbo , Li Yuying , Zhou Guanghua , Wu Xiangshu , Zhang Junliang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA series of 2‐alkynyl carbonyl compounds that contain a cyclopentene ring or a heterocycle can be transformed into various fused dihydrobenzofurans and tetrahydrofuro[2,3‐c]pyridines by means of a 1,2‐alkyl migration process. Both of these reactions proceed with excellent regioselectivity and stereospecificity when using a cationic gold(I) catalyst. Treatment of 4‐styrylcyclopent‐1‐enecarboxylates under different conditions affords a range of highly functionalized dihydrobenzofurans and dihydroisobenzofurans. A divergence in product selectivity, which depends on the anion of the silver salts used, was observed. Interestingly, ring‐fused tetrahydroquinolines undergo only 1,2′‐alkyl migration reaction by means of a CC cleavage/cyclization sequence to provide tetrahydroazepine derivatives. Mechanistic studies suggest that the gold complexes catalyze 1,2‐alkyl migration reactions through a concerted reaction pathway and 1,2′‐alkyl migration reactions through a stepwise reaction pathway.
Cytopathologic features of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma
Authors: Bishop Justin A. , Yonescu Raluca , Batista Denise A. S. , Westra William H. , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: October 2012

BACKGROUNDMammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) is a recently described salivary gland neoplasm that is defined by ETV6‐NTRK3 gene fusion. To the best of the authors' knowledge, only rare case reports of the cytopathologic features of MASC have been published to date.METHODSA wide variety of archival salivary gland tumors were tested for ETV6 translocation by break‐apart fluorescent in situ hybridization. Positive cases with preoperative fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens or intraoperative touch preparations were retrieved from the archives of The Johns Hopkins Hospital. All smears were reviewed and the cytologic characteristics were described.RESULTSFive cases of MASC with cytopathologic material (4 FNA specimens and 1 touch preparation) were identified. The cases occurred in 3 men and 2 women ranging in age from 21 years to 78 years (mean, 52 years). On the cytologic smears, the MASCs were variably cellular and exhibited 2 different architectural patterns: 1) intact tissue fragments with isomorphic cells arranged in a sheet‐like or papillary configuration; and 2) dispersed and dissociated cells with a mostly “histiocyte‐like” appearance with large cells containing abundant vacuolated cytoplasm. No matrix tissue or stromal spindled cells were present. The cells did not display acinic differentiation in the form of cytoplasmic zymogen granules. In each case, the preoperative FNA correctly identified a neoplasm, and the most frequent diagnostic considerations were acinic cell carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and pleomorphic adenoma.CONCLUSIONSMASC is a newly described salivary gland tumor that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of low‐grade salivary gland neoplasms. Its cytologic features overlap considerably with those of other tumors, especially acinic cell carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:228–33. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
On the influence of patient‐specific material properties in computational simulations: A case study of a large ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Doyle Barry J. , Callanan Anthony , Grace Pierce A. , Kavanagh Eamon G. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYPatient‐specific modelling of abdominal aortic aneurysm has been shown to have clinical potential. This paper examines a large ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm where the tissue from the diseased wall and the intraluminal thrombus was excised during open surgical repair and experimentally characterised. The mechanical data were used to develop material parameters that were incorporated into finite element models with measured nonuniform wall thickness. Implementation of the material data into the numerical model increased peak wall stress by 67%, wall strain by 320% and displacement by 177%, when compared with simulations based on material properties available in the literature. Distributions of numerical results were similar for both material data. Magnitudes of numerical results can differ significantly when using patient‐specific material properties and therefore, care should be taken when interpreting numerical results derived from population‐based data.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Redox Reactions of Amidato‐Bridged cis‐Diammineplatinum(III) Dinuclear Complexes with Phenol
Authors: Hyodo Shuntaro , Kishi Masatoshi , Fukushima Hiroyuki , Iwatsuki Satoshi , Ishihara Koji , Matsumoto Kazuko 
Published: October 2012

AbstractKinetic studies of the redox reactions of the head‐to‐tail (HT) α‐pyridonato‐bridged cis‐diammineplatinum(III) dinuclear complex and of the head‐to‐head (HH) α‐pyridonato‐bridged and α‐pyrrolidonato‐bridged cis‐diammineplatinum(III) dinuclear complexes with phenol were performed in acidic aqueous solution. Reduction of the HH PtIII dinuclear complexes with phenol proceeded only at pH > 3, whereas that of the HT PtIII dinuclear complex with phenol proceeded even at a pH as low as zero. The kinetic evaluations revealed that the PtIII dinuclear complexes are not reduced by the phenol molecule but are reduced by the phenoxide ion, and the reduction reaction proceeds through an outer‐sphere electron‐transfer mechanism.
Biosorptive removal of chromium by husk of Lathyrus sativus: Evaluation of the binding mechanism, kinetic and equilibrium study
Authors: Chakravarty Rajdeep , Khan Md. Motiar R. , Das Akhil R. , Guha Arun K. 
Published: October 2012

The adsorption of tri‐ and hexavalent chromium by the husk of Lathyrus sativus (HLS), which is an agro‐waste has been investigated to find a potential solution to environmental pollution. The pH‐dependent adsorption process finds the optimum values for trivalent and hexavalent chromium ions at about pH 5.0 and pH 2.0, respectively. The process is very fast initially and attains an equilibrium within 90 min following pseudo second‐order rate kinetics. Equilibrium adsorption data can best elucidated by the Langmuir–Freundlich dual model (r2 = 0.998) in comparison with other isotherm models examined indicating that both physi‐ and chemisorption are components of the binding mechanism of chromium ions on HLS. The results show that one gram of HLS can adsorb 24.6 mg Cr3+ and 44.5 mg Cr6+. Fourier transform infrared data and functional group modification experiments indicate that –NH2, ‐COOH, ‐OH, ‐PO43− groups of the biomass interact chemically with the chromium ions. SEM‐energy dispersive X‐ray analysis and X‐ray diffraction spectrum analysis were used to further assess the morphological changes and the mechanisms of chromium ion interaction with HLS. The analysis signified that the biosorption process involved surface morphological changes, complexation and an ion exchange mechanism. The amorphous nature of HLS facilitating metal biosorption was indicated by the X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Analysis of decode‐and‐forward, compress‐and‐forward and combined protocols for multiterminal half‐duplex relay networks with random schedules
Authors: Rost P. , Fettweis G. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, protocols based on compress‐and‐forward, decode‐and‐forward and a combined approach are discussed, achievable rates are derived, and a performance analysis for a multiterminal half‐duplex relay network is carried out. Half‐duplex relays are subject to an orthogonality constraint, which prohibits simultaneous receiving and transmitting on a time‐frequency resource. With this constraint, this paper investigates random transmission schedules, such that the sequence of transmit and receive slots serves as information bearer. This concept is applied to a network of decode‐and‐forward relays, which decode the full source message or parts of it. Then a compress‐and‐forward protocol with regular encoding is introduced. Regular encoding for compress‐and‐forward overcomes the limitations due to the source‐channel‐coding separation, which is a particular bottleneck in multiterminal networks. Based on the partial decode‐and‐forward and compress‐and‐forward protocol, a protocol with one compress‐and‐forward and one decode‐and‐forward based relay is presented. Similar to the cut‐set bound, both relays operate in a mode in which only one is transmitting whereas the second one is listening to exploit additional information transmitted by the other relay.For the considered scenarios and by contrast to the full‐duplex channel, protocols based on compress‐and‐forward outperform decode‐and‐forward protocols for a wide range of parameters. Furthermore, the introduced combined approach provides achievable rates close to the cut‐set bound for scenarios in which both relays are well separated or very close to each other. If the inter‐relay interference is too low for an efficient interference cancellation but also too strong to be ignored, compress‐and‐forward also outperforms the combined strategy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint spectrum sensing and transmit power adaptation in interference‐aware cognitive radio networks
Authors: Ding Guoru , Wu Qihui , Zou Yulong , Wang Jinlong , Gao Zhan 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTCognitive radio networks (CRNs) have been recognised as a promising solution to address the spectrum shortage problem by allowing secondary users to opportunistically utilise the temporally and/or spatially unused spectrum holes without causing unacceptable interference to the primary users. Spectrum sensing is known as one of the key enabling technologies for identifying the spectrum holes in CRNs. In this article, the limitations of conventional spectrum sensing at discovering spatial spectrum hole are highlighted and an interference‐aware sensing metric is adopted to maximise the spectrum hole utilisation for a secondary user. Specifically, we introduce a new degree of freedom, transmit power adaptation, into the issue of interference‐aware spectrum sensing and develop a joint optimization problem to maximise the interference‐free throughput of the secondary user while satisfying the quality of service constraints of both the primary and secondary transmissions. Moreover, observing that the transmit power lies within a strict finite interval, the jointly optimal strategy of sensing threshold and transmit power is proved to be tractable by sequential optimization. Compared against the existing sensing techniques presented in related work, we show through numerical simulations that the proposed technique results in better spectrum hole utilisation for the secondary user without sacrificing the desired degree of protection for primary users. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.