bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Evaluation of Bond Strength to Enamel of Dental Adhesive Systems Associated with Nd:YAG Laser
Authors: Barcellos DC , Batista GR , Pucci CR , Persici ES , Borges AB , Torres CRG , Fonseca BM , Gonçalves SEP 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYObjectivesThis study evaluated the durability of bond strength to enamel using total-etch (Single Bond/SB) and self-etch (Clearfil SE Bond/CSEB) adhesives associated with neodymium:yttrium-aluminu- garnet (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation through the uncured adhesives.MethodsBovine incisors were worn to expose an area of enamel and were divided into four groups: group 1 (control) SB + polymerization; group 2 (control) CSEB + polymerization; group 3 (laser) − SB + Nd:YAG laser (174.16 J/cm2) + polymerization; and group 4 (laser) CSEB + Nd:YAG (174.16 J/cm2) + polymerization. Blocks of composite were fabricated and stored for 24 hours or 12 months, sectioned into beams, and submitted to microtensile tests. Results were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (adhesive, technique, and storage time) and Tukey tests.ResultsANOVA revealed significant differences for adhesive × technique and technique × storage time (p&lt;0.05). The mean values (MPa) for interaction adhesive × technique (standard deviation) were as follows: SB/control = 35.78 (6.04)a; SB/laser = 26.40 (7.25)b, CSEB/control = 26.32 (5.71)b, CSEB/laser = 23.90 (7.49)b. For interaction technique × storage time the mean values were as follows: control/24 hours = 32.58 (6.49)a; control/12 months = 29.52 (8.38)a; laser/24 hours = 29.37 (5.71)a; laser/12 months = 20.92 (6.5)b. Groups with the same letters showed no statistically significant differences.ConclusionScanning electron microscope analysis showed evident areas of micromorphological alterations in lased samples after 12 months of water storage. Nd:YAG laser irradiation of enamel through unpolymerized total-etch adhesive significantly reduced bond strength compared with the control. Bond strength decreased when enamel samples irradiated with Nd:YAG laser through unpolymerized adhesives were stored in water for 12 months.
Predictable Restorative Work Flow for Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacture–Fabricated Ceramic Veneers Utilizing a Virtual Smile Design Principle
Authors: Lin WS , Zandinejad A , Metz MJ , Harris BT , Morton D 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYThe purpose of this case report was to present the use of a contemporary digital photograph–assisted virtual smile design principle, an intraoral digital impression, and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture–fabricated lithium disilicate ceramic veneers to treat a patient with esthetic needs in the maxillary anterior region. By using the proposed digital restorative work flow, this case report demonstrated an effective communication pathway between the patient, clinician, and dental laboratory technician. Effective communication can help to achieve a more predictable and satisfactory esthetic outcome.
Corruption and Campaign Funding: A Burkean Perspective
Authors: Mendilow Jonathan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEdmond Burke based his 1780 plea for economic reform on a notion of political corruption that he touched on only in few additional letters and addresses of the time. It was soon eclipsed by other “burning” questions that occupied his mind, and remains among his less developed and less studied ideas. It nevertheless merits attention. As a pragmatic politician with a philosophical bent, his main aim in the speech on reform was to sway the politics of his time; yet his deductive reasoning led him to generalizations that may point to a possible direction by which we can look for solutions to some of the problems that beset current understandings of corruption. Of special interest in this context is his treatment of situations where widespread perception of corruption exists with out any massive law- breaking. In what follows I will argue that Burkes conception stakes a midway position between the older, “classic” views of corruption, and the thought of the 18th century liberals that informs our current perceptions of the phenomenon. Both received ample attention in the literature. Nevertheless, a brief note may serve as context for the consideration of Burkes ideas on the subject.
New Media as a Formation Factor for Digital Sociology: The Consequences of the Networking in the Society and the Intellectualization of the Communications
Authors: Kyslova Olga , Berdnyk Ekateryna 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe perspectives of digital sociology formation through the prism of transformation of new media are considered in the article. We confirm the beginning of the age of intelligent media, which incorporate the network principle of organization of the interactions with the implementations of artifacts (artificial intelligent agents) to communication processes and are the base for the formation of digital environment for human life. Among the main socio-cultural effects of the development of new media we rank the expansion of social reality due to the addition of a “digital dimension” to it, the formation of network culture and actualization of the communicative (and subsequently, network and digital) subjectivity. We consider the network culture from the point of view of the activity approach and define it as a conglomerate of stationary value and normative mechanisms, technological means of implementation and results of network communications. We consider the network culture formation to be a result of the societal networking and it serves as the basis for subsequent cultural transformations - the rise of digital culture, outlines of which can be traced along with the general digitization and formation of the high-technology digital society. The conclusion, that digital sociology is called to study the laws of social life of a contemporary person integrated into a digital space of new media, is made.
A Contemplative Approach to Clinical Sociology
Authors: Giorgino Vincenzo M.B. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract*This paper is based on different previous presentations, in particular Understanding and compassion. Towards an integration between spiritual and sociological knowledge S.P.A. Annual Conference, Anaheim (CA, USA), 18th August 2001, unpublished; “Contemplative knowledge and sociological understanding”, panel Contemplative understanding: a challenge to the sociological perspective, Sociological Practice Association (S.P.A.) Annual conference “Using Sociology for Good Purposes”, San Francisco (CA, U.S.A.) August 17th 2004; unpublished. Both have been reviewed and integrated for the recent Workshop Wakeful inquiry: experiencing contemplative sociology in science and practice, held a the ISA RC46 Conference “Clinical Sociology: Improving Lives and Communities through Analysis and Intervention” Madrid, 16-19 March 2013.Note: the pronoun indicating the first person singular is always written in minuscule character
Competency Framework for Managers of International Organizations in Ukraine
Authors: Buko Svitlana 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe article is focused on the analysis of the cross-cultural competency framework of the NGO managers within international organizations. The results of the qualitative research project demonstrate a consistent pattern of three perceived mandatory competencies for efficient managers: communicative competence, intercultural competence and linguistic competence. The qualitative phenomenological research was conducted in Ukraine and US; the insights of 22 in-depth interviews with managers of the international NGOs reveal vision and perception that US and Ukrainian managers have regarding the required education, skill set and knowledge of the successful international managers.
Corruption and the Fatal Power of Envy: Revisiting The Classical Republican Tradition
Authors: Fiske Rebecca 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOne hurdle to the systematic study of corruption is the plethora of definitions, none of which seems to meet the test of applicability across times and political systems. This, in turn, leads to difficulty in assessing the reasons underlying corruption and explaining its levels in various contexts. Thus, it may be useful to recur to the classical republican notions, particularly the conflation of the public and personal, the degree to which the republic relied upon a virtuous and selfsacrificing citizenry, and the problem of individual desire and envy. The more modern 18th century British concept twisted the equation and drew a boundary between the public and the private such that individuals needed to squelch their private desires in favor of public virtue. Later termed positive and negative liberty, this fundamental divide became the threshold of corruption. How can individual rights be protected from government intrusion? Conversely, how can governmental rights be protected from individual intrusion? How can free, independent humans govern themselves? Such fundamental questions remain central to contemporary American culture. This paper suggests that a return to Classical Republican Tradition, particularly the writing of Thucydides and the concept of “fatal envy” can shed new light on the dialectical nature of public and private liberty and of the issue of corruption.
Evaluation of Tanzania Curriculum: An Analysis Using Ornstein's View on Educational Philosophy
Authors: Muneja Mussa S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIt is arguably clear that regardless of one's philosophical orientation, sometimes change cannot be avoided. On the same vein, the change of curriculum in educational sector has become irresistible almost everywhere. The aim of the paper has been to critique Tanzania Educational Philosophy using Ornstein's view (Ornstein, Pajak and Ornstein (2011:1-9); the choice of this work is based on credibility in curriculum studies. The findings indicate that curriculum change can never be avoided. The paper also focused on how traditional curriculum has not only changed, but also co-exists with contemporary curriculum. It has also been made evident that the curriculum in Tanzania has a lot of ‘patches’, and this may have given room for the recent massive Form Four failures. It is also true that recurrent threats to strike and even the last year strike by teachers are indicators that the curriculum needs thorough review. The paper further recommends the work of curriculum review should be not the sole responsibility of Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE) but all stakeholders. The process of curriculum review should receive almost an equal emphasis as the constitutional review.
Body Status and Occupational Health Hazards of Female Workers : A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Arora Dimpal , Sitholay Pooja , Sau Soudeep Kr 
Published: February 2015

Objective: Health is nothing but a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing not merely the absence of disease. Health depends on life style and requires the promotion of healthy life style. Health is both a consequence of an individual’s life style and factors in determining it. Working pattern or type of work has long been known to influence human health specially. The present study was under taken to evaluate the body status and physiological stress and occupational health hazards of the female workers.Methods: According to the work load the working group was classified in to low physical work group (LPWG) and the moderate type of physical work group (MPWG). Eighty women (forty in each group), excluding pregnant women, were selected from the municipal area of Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India, aged between 20 to 40 years. The anthropometric measurement and skin fold thickness were taken, from which the body mass index (BMI) and fat percentage were determined. The blood pressure of all the subjects was taken by mercury sphygmomanometer at resting condition. The occupational health hazards were determined by questionnaire technique.Result: The result indicates that the MPWG workers suffer in significantly (p<0.001) low weight, BMI and Fat% than that of the LPWG workers. The MPWG workers also suffer from significantly (p<0.001) higher percentage of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) at neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist, finger, cuff and feet-ankle joint. MPWG workers, hemoglobin concentration also significantly (p<0.01) lower than that of the LPWG workers.Conclusion: It may be concluded that, this study is helpful to identify the risk factor for the occurrence of different cardiovascular as well as musculoskeletal abnormalities and accordingly prevention program, regarding proper food habit be undertaken. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v4i1.12166
Augmentation of diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna in toy breed dogs using a free autogenous omental graft and bone plating
Authors: Cooley S. , Warnock J. J. , Nemanic S. , Stieger-Vanegas S. M. , Baltzer W. I. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryObjectives: Evaluation of the short-term outcome, duration of bone healing, and complications following bone plate fixation in dogs weighing [uni2264]6 kg, with and without the use of a free autogenous greater omental graft (OG).Materials and methods: A retrospective clinical study reviewed the medical records of 25 dogs of body weight <6 kg with mid to distal diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna (29 fractures) treated with open reduction bone plate fixation. Thirteen out of 29 fractures were implanted with an additional 2–3 cm3 OG lateral, cranial, and medial to the fracture site, adjacent to the bone plate.Results: Median time to radiographic healing in OG fractures (n = 11) was 70 days (range 28–98) compared to 106 days (range: 56–144) in non-OG grafted fractures (n = 14). The OG dogs had no major complications; minor complications included oedema, erythema, and mild osteopenia. Six of the eight non-OG dogs for which follow-up could be obtained developed osteopenia necessitating implant removal, four of which re-fractured the radius one to five months after implant removal, with one dog re-fracturing the limb a second time and resulting in amputation. Telephone follow-up of owners of OG dogs (n = 11) three to 15 months (median 10) post-surgery did not identify any signs of lameness or other complications. Owners of the non-OG dogs (n = 8) reported that there were not any signs of lameness six to 48 months (median 36) post-surgery.Clinical relevance: Free autogenous omen-tal grafting of diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna was associated with radial and ulnar healing with minimal complications in dogs weighing less than 6 kg.
Revisiter la traduction en entreprise : un vecteur d'efficacité stratégique et opérationnelle dans un environnement multiculturel
Authors: Clouet Louis-Marie 
Published: February 2015

Dans cette communication, nous analysons le phénomène de la construction de sens et du rôle, central, que peut jouer la traduction dans le management des firmes internationales. C’est dans des situations multipliées d’interactions multiculturelles et multilingues qu’émerge un besoin croissant de traduction, que l’on entendra ici dans le sens de « tout travail de médiation interlinguistique permettant la communication entre membres de communautés de langues différentes » ( Ladmiral , 1989, p. 90). Cette contribution apporte un éclairage sur le rôle stratégique et opérationnel que peut jouer la traduction dans des entreprises internationalisées. Le cas d’étude à l’origine de cette communication présente l’élaboration de documents d’évaluation des managers et la traduction de ces documents en plusieurs langues.
L'identité d'une entreprise peut-elle franchir les frontières en empruntant l'anglais, la lingua franca d'aujourd'hui ?
Authors: Tréguer-Felten Geneviève 
Published: February 2015

Partout dans le monde, les organisations cherchent à internationaliser leur identité corporate (IC) en proposant dans leurs traditionnelles brochures institutionnelles ou sur leurs sites Internet des discours en anglais lingua franca (ELF), ce qui leur permet de se présenter à un public « international ». L’image d’elles-mêmes (l’ ethos ) ainsi véhiculée vise à inspirer confiance à ce dernier. Conçue dans la langue/culture d’origine des entreprises et transposée dans une langue qui a la particularité d’être dénuée de fondement culturel qui lui soit propre, cette image idéale a-t-elle des chances de convaincre un public dont la seule caractéristique connue est sa pratique de la langue en question ? L’analyse des auto-présentations que s’échangent virtuellement entre elles des organisations appartenant à des pays aussi distants physiquement et culturellement que la France et la Chine, montre que les images « idéales » qui constituent l’IC des unes et des autres ne sont guère superposables. Ce constat soulève une question rarement abordée, celle de la pertinence du transfert en ELF d’une IC dont la démarche de persuasion a été élaborée pour une audience nationale.
Confluent Diode Laser Coagulation: The Gold Standard of Therapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Prepiaková Zuzana , Tomcíková Dana , Kostolná Barbora , Gerinec Anton 
Published: February 2015

Purpose:
The authors compare results of retinopathy of prematurity treatment with single-spot diode laser coagulation (DLC) versus confluent DLC. The final anatomical outcome and need for additional therapy, such as additional DLC, cryotherapy, scleral buckling, and intravitreal bevacizumab, were evaluated.

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients with threshold retinopathy of prematurity treated between January 2001 and October 2012 was conducted. Single-spot laser treatment or confluent laser treatment was applied anterior to the ridge extending to the ora serrata. In the first group (the single-spot group), a single-spot DLC was used between January 2001 and May 2008. The single-spot group included 338 patients (671 eyes) with retinopathy of prematurity. In the second group (the confluent group), confluent DLC was used in 326 patients (652 eyes) between June 2008 and October 2012. The authors compared the need for re-treatment to achieve regression of retinopathy of prematurity in both groups. The rate of progression, frequency of re-treatment, complications, and structural outcomes were evaluated.

Results:

In the single-spot group, re-treatment only with DLC was necessary in 43 (6.4%) eyes, additional cryotherapy was performed in 22 (3.3%) eyes, and scleral buckling in 107 (15.9%) eyes. Altogether, additional therapy was used in 172 (25.6%) eyes. In the confluent group, re-treatment with DLC was used in 5 (0.8%) eyes, additional cryotherapy in 6 (0.9%) eyes, scleral buckling in 16 (2.5%) eyes, and intravitreal bevacizumab in 14 (2.1%) eyes. Altogether, additional therapy was used in 41 (6.3%) eyes. The confluent group showed a favorable anatomical outcome in 99.1% of the cases compared with 96.4% in the single-spot group. The results were statistically significant (
P
= .001.)

Conclusions:
The DLC method was significantly more effective than single-spot DLC in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2015;52(1):43–51.]
Improvement in Fusion and Stereopsis Following Surgery for Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Feng Xueliang , Zhang Xinxin , Jia Yading 
Published: February 2015

Purpose:
To evaluate fusion stereopsis in patients with intermittent exotropia before and after strabismus surgery.

Methods:
Fifty-three patients (mean age: 11.8 years, range: 5 to 25 years) with intermittent exotropia were enrolled. Fusion was measured with the Worth 4-dot test. Near stereopsis was examined with Titmus and stereoscopic test charts (created in China by Shao-Ming Yan). Distance stereopsis was tested with random-dot stereograms produced by Tianjin Eye Hospital. All patients completed the tests preoperatively and 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively.

Results:

There were no statistically significant differences in stereoscopic test charts among groups preoperatively (
P
> .05) and postoperatively (
P
> .05) or on Titmus tests preoperatively (
P
> .05) and postoperatively (
P
> .05). Among 53 patients, the percentage of distance stereoscopic improvement was 49% after 2 weeks and 77% after 6 weeks compared to 13% preoperatively. Six weeks postoperatively, random-dot stereograms were significantly different in those younger than 7 years and older than 13 years (
P
< .05), as well as those 7 to 13 years and older than 13 years (
P
< .05). Fifty (94%) demonstrated peripheral fusion and only 21 (40%) demonstrated central fusion preoperatively. Six weeks postoperatively, all patients exhibited peripheral fusion and 52 (98%) demonstrated central fusion. Central fusion in patients with intermittent exotropia significantly increased after 6 weeks (chi-square = 42.29,
P
< .01).

Conclusions:
Patients with intermittent exotropia have good near stereoacuity preoperatively and postoperatively. Even if surgery is postponed until adolescence, distance stereopsis can still be recovered. Surgical intervention can restore central fusion and stereoacuity in patients with intermittent exotropia.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2015;52(1):52–57.]
New Surgical Intervention for the Weakening of the Inferior Oblique Muscle: Equatorial Scleral Anchor
Authors: Tomarchio Salvatore , Sabetti Lelio , Tomarchio Mario , Berarducci Antonio 
Published: February 2015

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy of a new surgical technique in reducing inferior oblique muscle overaction.

Methods:
Anterior transposition and myectomy of the inferior oblique muscle represent the gold-standard treatment in dissociated vertical deviation, including cases in which a simultaneous inferior oblique muscle overaction is also present. A new surgical procedure that consists of suturing the muscle to the sclera at the Gobin point with tendon sparing using a micro-incision to minimize the related tissue trauma and induce a faster recovery was developed.

Results:
Two of 8 patients with essential infant esotropia had a complete resolution of the elevation in adduction with no residual vertical imbalance. All patients experienced an improvement in lateral incomitance.

Conclusions:
The new “equatorial scleral anchor” surgical procedure gives a similarly good outcome when compared with the classic inferior oblique anterior transposition technique, with the advantages being simple, safe, reversible, and modular in terms of suturing.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2015;52(1):58–60.]
Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Measurements of Choroidal Thickness and Outer Retinal Disruption in Macular Telangiectasia Type 2
Authors: Nunes Renata Portella , Goldhardt Raquel , de Amorim Garcia Filho Carlos Alexandre , Thorell Mariana R. , Abbey Ashkan M. , Kuriyan Ajay E. , Modi Yasha S. , Shah Milan , Yehoshua Zohar , Gregori Giovanni , Feuer William , Rosenfeld Philip J. 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) and the extent of outer retinal disruption in patients with macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel2) compared with healthy eyes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In this prospective, observational, cohort study, 62 patients (62 eyes) with Mac-Tel2 and 130 healthy controls (130 eyes) underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging, and axial length measurements. Patients in the study group also underwent color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, and fluorescein angiography. En face SD-OCT imaging was used to assess abnormalities involving the photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment/ellipsoid zone (IS/OS/EZ).

RESULTS:

After adjusting for age and axial length, the authors found that eyes with MacTel2 had a mean CT measurement that was greater than control eyes (
P
= .007). There was a negative correlation between the visual acuity and the area of IS/OS/EZ damage (
P
= .009), but no statistically significant correlation was seen between CT and the area of IS/OS/EZ damage.

CONCLUSION:
Eyes with MacTel2 were found to have thicker CT measurements than control eyes. While the extent of IS/OS/EZ disruption correlated with the loss of visual acuity, this damage did not correlate with CT measurements.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2015;46:162–170.]