bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Headspace quantification of pure and aqueous solutions of binary mixtures of key volatile organic compounds in Swiss cheeses using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry
Authors: Castada Hardy Z. , Wick Cheryl , Harper W. James , Barringer Sheryl 
Published: December 2014

RATIONALETwelve volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have recently been identified as key compounds in Swiss cheese with split defects. It is important to know how these VOCs interact in binary mixtures and if their behavior changes with concentration in binary mixtures.METHODSSelected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS) was used for the headspace analysis of VOCs commonly found in Swiss cheeses. Headspace (H/S) sampling and quantification checks using SIFT‐MS and further linear regression analyses were carried out on twelve selected aqueous solutions of VOCs. Five binary mixtures of standard solutions of VOCs were also prepared and the H/S profile of each mixture was analyzed.RESULTSA very good fit of linearity for the twelve VOCs (95% confidence level) confirms direct proportionality between the H/S and the aqueous concentration of the standard solutions. Henry's Law coefficients were calculated with a high degree of confidence. SIFT‐MS analysis of five binary mixtures showed that the more polar compounds reduced the H/S concentration of the less polar compounds, while the addition of a less polar compound increased the H/S concentration of the more polar compound.CONCLUSIONSIn the binary experiment, it was shown that the behavior of a compound in the headspace can be significantly affected by the presence of another compound. Thus, the matrix effect plays a significant role in the behavior of molecules in a mixed solution. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progenitors of Secondary Crest Myofibroblasts Are Developmentally Committed in Early Lung Mesoderm
Authors: Li Changgong , Li Min , Li Sha , Xing Yiming , Yang Chang-Yo , Li Aimin , Borok Zea , Langhe Stijn , Minoo Parviz 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Development of the mammalian lung is predicated on cross-communications between two highly interactive tissues, the endodermally derived epithelium and the mesodermally derived pulmonary mesenchyme. While much attention has been paid for the lung epithelium, the pulmonary mesenchyme, partly due to lack of specific tractable markers remains under-investigated. The lung mesenchyme is derived from the lateral plate mesoderm and is the principal recipient of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, a morphogenetic network that regulates multiple aspects of embryonic development. Using the Hh-responsive Gli1-creERT2 mouse line, we identified the mesodermal targets of Hh signaling at various time points during embryonic and postnatal lung development. Cell lineage analysis showed these cells serve as progenitors to contribute to multiple lineages of mesodermally derived differentiated cell types that include parenchymal or interstitial myofibroblasts, peribronchial and perivascular smooth muscle as well as rare populations of cells within the mesothelium. Most importantly, Gli1-creERT2 identified the progenitors of secondary crest myofibroblasts, a hitherto intractable cell type that plays a key role in alveolar formation, a vital process about which little is currently known. Transcriptome analysis of Hh-targeted progenitor cells transitioning from the pseudoglandular to the saccular phase of lung development revealed important modulations of key signaling pathways. Among these, there was significant downregulation of canonical WNT signaling. Ectopic stabilization of β-catenin via inactivation of Apc by Gli1-creERT2 expanded the Hh-targeted progenitor pools, which caused the formation of fibroblastic masses within the lung parenchyma. The Gli1-creERT2 mouse line represents a novel tool in the analysis of mesenchymal cell biology and alveolar formation during lung development. Stem Cells 2015;33:999–1012
RE10TCd3 (RE = Y, Tb – Tm, Lu; T = Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd) – Rare Earth‐rich Phases with Ordered anti‐Co2Al5 Structure
Authors: Johnscher Michael , Block Theresa , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe rare earth‐rich intermetallic cadmium compounds RE10TCd3 (RE = Y, Tb – Tm, Lu; T = Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd) were synthesized by induction melting of the elements in sealed niobium ampoules. These cadmium intermetallics crystallize with an ordered variant of the hexagonal Co2Al5 type, space group P63/mmc. The three crystallographically independent rare earth atoms lie on the aluminum sites, while the transition metal and cadmium atoms are ordered on the two cobalt positions. The structures of Y10Co1.103Cd2.897, Y10NiCd3, Y10RuCd3, Y10PdCd3, Er9.92FeCd3.08, and Er9.82NiCd3.18 were refined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data. Some of the crystals showed small degrees of RE/Cd, respectively T/Cd mixing. The striking structural building units are transition metal centered T@RE6 trigonal prisms (TP) that are condensed to empty RE6 octahedra (O), building infinite …TP–O–O… rows in c direction. The second motifs are slightly flattened RE3@Cd6RE16 icosahedra. The latter are condensed via common triangular faced along the c axis. Each …TP–O–O… row is enrolled by three rows of condensed RE3@Cd6RE16 icosahedra in the motif of a hexagonal rod packing.
Major Neonatal Surgery Under Local Anesthesia: A Cohort Study from Bangladesh
Authors: Hagander L. , Kabir M. , Chowdhury Md. Z. , Gunnarsdóttir A. , Habib Md. G. , Banu T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundSurgeons and anesthetists must respond to the perioperative mortality associated with general anesthesia in developing countries. The safety of performing major neonatal surgery under local anesthesia is one pragmatic response. This study describes and evaluates such practice in a tertiary pediatric surgery center in Bangladesh.MethodsSeven hundred and twenty neonates were admitted for major surgery during a 3.5‐year study period. Hundred and fifty two neonates died pre‐operatively, and 568 underwent major neonatal surgery. 352 (62.0 %) neonates were operated under general anesthesia, while the 216 most fragile neonates (38.0 %) were operated with local infiltrative anesthesia alone. Medical files were reviewed; data were collected prospectively; mortality risk factors were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsTwo hundred and sixteen procedures were performed under local anesthesia: sigmoid colostomies (37.5 %), laparotomies with anastomosis (21.3 %), anoplasties (18.1 %), laparotomies with enterostomy (8.3 %), closures of abdominal wall defects (6.9 %), fixations of silastic bags (3.7 %), peritoneal tube drainage (2.3 %), and gastrostomies (1.9 %). Median weight was 2,400 g (2,200–2,460), median gestational age was 37.0 weeks (36.0–38.0), and median age at surgery was 5.0 days (3.0–14.7). In‐hospital postoperative mortality was 10.6 % among those selected for local anesthesia, and 11.4 % among neonates operated under general anesthesia. Low birth weight was an independent risk factor for mortality on multivariate analysis (OR 1.002 g−1, 95 % CI [1.000–1.004], p = 0.029).ConclusionsLocal anesthesia is an established option for the most fragile neonates with major surgical disease. Safe anesthesia ought to be accessible to all children of the world. The global pandemic of perioperative mortality needs to be addressed.
Internet Self-Diagnosis in Hand Surgery
Authors: Hageman Michiel G. J. S. , Anderson Jade , Blok Robin , Bossen Jeroen K. J. , Ring David 
Published: December 2014

Background Some Internet sites have programs that attempt to help patients find their diagnosis based on symptoms. This study tested the null hypothesis that there are no factors associated with correspondence between online diagnosis and the hand surgeon's diagnosis in an outpatient hand and upper extremity surgeons' office. Methods Eighty-six outpatients were prospectively enrolled and used WebMD® symptom checker to guess their diagnosis. We collected demographic information, hours spent on the Internet per week, and the following questionnaires: Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (C-ESD). Results Thirty-three percent of online diagnoses matched the final diagnosis of the hand surgeon. Factors associated with an online diagnosis corresponding to the hand surgeon's diagnosis included sex (women) and patients who studied their symptoms online prior to the visit. The best multivariable model included sex, more years of education, and prior use of the Internet to research their medical condition and explained 15 % of the variation in correspondence of diagnosis. Conclusions The majority of online diagnoses for hand and upper extremity conditions do not correspond with the diagnosis of the treating hand surgeon. Psychological factors do not influence the correspondence of online diagnosis with the hand surgeon's diagnosis. Level of Evidence: Prognostic, level II
Phase Behavior of Glycerol Trioleate‐Based Ionic Liquid Microemulsions
Authors: Wang Aili , Chen Li , Xu Fan , Yan Zongcheng 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGlycerol trioleate‐based ionic liquid microemulsions are promising biolubricant alternatives. This study presents the formation and the phase behavior of glycerol trioleate‐based ionic liquid microemulsions. Areas of the single‐phase domain were calculated to illustrate the phase‐forming capacities of the designed systems. The effects of ionic liquid anions and cations, oxyethylene groups’ number of surfactant, mass ratio of surfactant to co‐surfactant, chain length of co‐surfactant, and temperature on the phase behavior and phase‐forming capacities of glycerol trioleate‐based ionic liquid microemulsions were investigated using pseudo‐ternary phase diagrams. The results showed that the phase‐forming capacities of glycerol trioleate‐based ionic liquid microemulsions with different ionic liquids were Tf2N−‐based > PF6−‐based > BF4−‐based, OMIM+‐based > HMIM+‐based > BMIM+‐based > EMIM+‐based. The designed systems contained ionic liquid‐glycerol trioleate amphiphilic balance; thus, glycerol trioleate‐surfactant micelles achieved the maximum solubilization capacity for the ionic liquid when the surfactant had approximately five oxyethylene groups with a surfactant to co‐surfactant mass ratio of 4:1. Moreover, increasing the temperature and the aliphatic chain length of co‐surfactant from C2 to C6 enhanced the ability of glycerol trioleate and ionic liquids to form microemulsions.
The Effects of Armillarisin A on Serum IL-1β and IL-4 and in Treating Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Wu Ping , Guo Yonggao , Jia Fangyuan , Wang Xiuli 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
To study the therapeutic effect of Armillarisin A on patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and on serum IL-1β and IL-4, sixty patients with UC were randomly divided into three groups: Armillarisin A treatment group (Group I), Armillarisin-combined hormone therapy group (Group II), and hormones treatment as the control group (Group III). Patients in Group I received Armillarisin A 10 mg enema in 100 ml saline. Patients in Group II received Armillarisin A 10 mg and dexamethasone 5 mg enema in 100 ml saline. Patients in Group III received only dexamethasone 5 mg enema in 100 ml saline. The therapeutic efficacy and serum levels of IL-4 and IL-1β were observed. After 4 week treatment, the total effective rates were 90.0 % in Group I and 95.0 % in Group II. Both are higher than it in control group, which was 70.0 %. The serum levels of IL-4 in Groups I and II were significantly higher than it in control group. Compared to IL-4 levels before treatment, the levels of IL-4 after treatment were significantly higher in both Groups I and II. The serum levels of IL-11β were significantly decreased in Groups I and II in comparison to it in control group. Compared to the levels of IL-1β before treatment, the levels of IL-1β were significantly decreased. Armillarisin A shows a significant effect in treating UC. It helps increase IL-4 and lower IL-1β and the mechanism may be related to the body’s immunity regulation.
Uncomplicated Monochorionic Twins––Is Elective Preterm Delivery Mandatory?
Authors: Agarwal Krishna 
Published: December 2014

AbstractOften (50 % times), twin pregnancy is complicated by preterm vaginal delivery which may be due to spontaneous labor or due to medical conditions. However, it remains a debatable issue as what to do in a situation of continuing uncomplicated twin pregnancy. Some investigators suggest that because of increased risk of unexplained fetal demise after 32 weeks, elective preterm delivery should be carried out. However, there is no conclusive evidence to support or refute this suggestion and there is always a dilemma whether to allow these patients to go in spontaneous labor till term or to deliver before that. In the absence of clear evidence, it is reasonable to keep uncomplicated monochorionic twin pregnancies under close follow-up and to deliver them at 38 weeks of gestation.
Ca2+ movement and apoptosis induced by deltamethrin in Madin–Darby canine kidney canine renal tubular cells
Authors: Liu Fang‐Jin , Chou Chiang‐Ting , Cheng Jin Shiung , Chang Hong‐Tai , Liang Wei‐Zhe , Kuo Chun‐Chi , Kuo Soong‐Yu , Kuo Daih‐Huang , Shieh Pochuen , Chang Fang‐Rong , Jan Chung‐Ren 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study explored the effect of deltamethrin, a pesticide, on free Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i, viability, and apoptosis in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) canine renal tubular cells. Deltamethrin at concentrations between 10μM and 40μM evoked [Ca2+]i rises in a concentration‐dependent manner. The Ca2+ entry was inhibited by nifedipine, econazole, phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate, and SKF96365. Treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor 2,5‐di‐tert‐butylhydroquinone (BHQ) in a Ca2+‐free medium abolished deltamethrin‐induced [Ca2+]i rise. Treatment with deltamethrin also abolished BHQ‐induced [Ca2+]i rise. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) activity with U73122 abolished deltamethrin‐evoked [Ca2+]i rise. Deltamethrin killed cells at 30–60μM in a concentration‐dependent manner. The cytotoxic effect of deltamethrin was not reversed by prechelating cytosolic Ca2+ with the acetoxymethyl ester of 1,2‐bis(2‐aminophenoxy)ethane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining data suggest that 30–50μM deltamethrin induced apoptosis. Together, in MDCK renal tubular cells, deltamethrin induced [Ca2+]i rises that involved Ca2+ entry through protein kinase C‐mediated store‐operated Ca2+ channels, and PLC‐dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Deltamethrin also induced Ca2+‐independent cell death that might involve apoptosis.
Intractable Verrucous Hyperplasia: A Surgically Corrected Case
Authors: Chang Ji Hea , Moon Hee Bong , Kim Chang Jae , Nam Kiyeun , Lee Ho Jun , Kwon Bum Sun , Park Jin‐Woo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSkin problems commonly occur after lower limb amputation. One such skin anomaly that develops on the residual limb is wart‐like lesions of verrucous hyperplasia. The process is reversible if external compression is applied in combination with adequate control of bacterial infection and edema. Prosthetic adjustments usually help with this condition. We report an intractable verrucous hyperplasia in a 66‐year‐old female patient. She complained of a painful, oozing, verrucous papule at the amputation site. Despite management with typical treatment procedures, the lesion worsened; therefore, surgery was performed. Our case demonstrates that an intractable case is possible despite appropriate management and that sometimes surgical correction is necessary.
Erosion–deposition waves in shallow granular free-surface flows
Authors: Edwards A. N. , Gray J. M. N. T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDebris flows can spontaneously develop regular large-amplitude surge waves that are interspersed by periods in which the channel fill is completely stationary. These are important because each individual surge is much more destructive than a steady uniform flow with the same mass flux. In this paper small-scale experiments that exhibit similar behaviour are described. The flow consists of carborundum particles that flow down a rough inclined chute covered with a static erodible layer of the same grains. For inflow conditions close to the minimum depth required for steady uniform flows to exist, small disturbances are unstable, creating waves that rapidly coarsen and grow in size. As the waves become sufficiently large, the troughs between the wave crests drop below a critical thickness and come to rest. A series of steadily travelling waves develop which erode the static layer of particles in front of them and deposit grains behind them, to form a layer that is again stationary. This is, in turn, re-eroded and deposited by the next wave. We term these waves granular erosion–deposition waves. Although erosion and deposition problems are notoriously difficult, a simple model is developed which uses a depth-averaged version of the${\it\mu}(I)$-rheology and Pouliquen and Forterre’s extended friction law. The viscous dissipation combines with dynamic, intermediate and static friction regimes to generate finite-length waves with static and mobile regions. The existence of stationary layers fundamentally distinguishes erosion–deposition waves from granular roll waves, which form in slightly deeper flows and are always completely mobilized. Numerical simulations show that the system of equations is able to model both erosion–deposition waves and granular roll waves. Moreover, the computed wave amplitude, wavespeed and coarsening dynamics are in good quantitative agreement with experiments.
Does the motor system contribute to the perception and understanding of actions? Reflections on Gregory Hickok’sThe myth of mirror neurons: the real neuroscience of communication and cognition
Authors: KEMMERER DAVID 
Published: December 2014

abstractIt has been said that mirror neurons are “the most hyped concept in neuroscience” (Jarrett, 2012). In his bookThe myth of mirror neurons: the real neuroscience of communication and cognition(2014), Gregory Hickok does the field a great service by cutting through this hype and showing that, contrary to the views of many laypeople as well as some experts, mirror neurons are not the fundamental ‘basis’ of action understanding. I argue here, however, that he takes his critique too far by effectively denying that the motor system plays any significant role at all in the perception and interpretation of actions. In fact, a large literature strongly supports the hypothesis that motor regions in the frontal and parietal lobes not only subserve the execution of actions, but also contribute to the comprehension of actions, regardless of whether they are directly observed or linguistically represented. In addition, recent research suggests that although the articulatory system is involved primarily in speech production, it enhances speech perception too, even when the auditory stimuli are not explicitly attended.
Economic costs of protistan and metazoan parasites to global mariculture
Authors: SHINN A. P. , PRATOOMYOT J. , BRON J. E. , PALADINI G. , BROOKER E. E. , BROOKER A. J. 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYParasites have a major impact on global finfish and shellfish aquaculture, having significant effects on farm production, sustainability and economic viability. Parasite infections and impacts can, according to pathogen and context, be considered to be either unpredictable/sporadic or predictable/regular. Although both types of infection may result in the loss of stock and incur costs associated with the control and management of infection, predictable infections can also lead to costs associated with prophylaxis and related activities. The estimation of the economic cost of a parasite event is frequently complicated by the complex interplay of numerous factors associated with a specific incident, which may range from direct production losses to downstream socio-economic impacts on livelihoods and satellite industries associated with the primary producer. In this study, we examine the world's major marine and brackish water aquaculture production industries and provide estimates of the potential economic costs attributable to a range of key parasite pathogens using 498 specific events for the purposes of illustration and estimation of costs. This study provides a baseline resource for risk assessment and the development of more robust biosecurity practices, which can in turn help mitigate against and/or minimise the potential impacts of parasite-mediated disease in aquaculture.
Diagnosis Disclosure of Prodromal Alzheimer Disease-Ethical Analysis of Two Cases
Authors: Porteri Corinna , Galluzzi Samantha , Geroldi Cristina , Frisoni Giovanni B. 
Published: December 2014

Background:According to a recent proposal for revised diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer disease, the diagnosis could be made even in the absence of impairment of social function or daily life activities, provided positivity of one or more abnormal biomarkers. The use of the new proposed diagnostic criteria raises ethical issues and needs to be carefully evaluated.Method:We describe two clinical cases of prodromal Alzheimer's disease and discuss the diagnosis disclosure, taking into consideration several issues: (i) the issue of the boundary between well founded research procedures and clinical practice, (ii) the issue of the fuzziness of the concepts of scientific evidence and scientific uncertainty, (iii) the issue of patient's autonomy and patient's best interest, and (iv) the issue of the patients' specific personal and social context.Results:The degree of informativeness of the proposed diagnostic criteria for the single patient is already such as to deserve high regard in making the diagnosis and in the diagnosis disclosure process. During the disclosure process, the physician needs to take into account both what is known and what it is not sufficiently known. The patient's personal and environmental conditions should drive the physician to partial or full diagnostic disclosure, or delay communication.Conclusion:We proposed two different diagnosis disclosure processes, on the basis of the common neurological features and of the different global clinical situations, socio-personal contexts and attitudes towards the communication of the diagnosis.