bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Pointsource” Delivery of a Photosensitizer Drug and Singlet Oxygen: Eradication of Glioma Cells In Vitro
Authors: Ghogare Ashwini A. , Rizvi Imran , Hasan Tayyaba , Greer Alexander 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe describe a pointsource sensitizer‐tipped microoptic device for the eradication of glioma U87 cells. The device has a mesoporous fluorinated silica tip which emits singlet oxygen molecules and small quantities of pheophorbide sensitizer for additional production of singlet oxygen in the immediate vicinity. The results show that the device surges in sensitizer release and photokilling with higher rates about midway through the reaction. This was attributed to a self‐amplified autocatalytic reaction where released sensitizer in the extracellular matrix provides positive feedback to assist in the release of additional sensitizer. The photokilling of the glioma cells was analyzed by global toxicity and live/dead assays, where a killing radius around the tip with ~0.3 mm precision was achieved. The implication of these results for a new PDT tool of hard‐to‐resect tumors, e.g. in the brain, is discussed.
The neural fate of neutral information in emotion‐enhanced memory
Authors: Watts Sarah , Buratto Luciano G. , Brotherhood Emilie V. , Barnacle Gemma E. , Schaefer Alexandre 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this study, we report evidence that neural activity reflecting the encoding of emotionally neutral information in memory is reduced when neutral and emotional stimuli are intermixed during encoding. Specifically, participants studied emotional and neutral pictures organized in mixed lists (in which emotional and neutral pictures were intermixed) or in pure lists (only‐neutral or only‐emotional pictures) and performed a recall test. To estimate encoding efficiency, we used the Dm effect, measured with event‐related potentials. Recall for neutral items was lower in mixed compared to pure lists and posterior Dm activity for neutral items was reduced in mixed lists, whereas it remained robust in pure lists. These findings might be caused by an asymmetrical competition for attentional and working memory resources between emotional and neutral information, which could be a major determinant of emotional memory effects.
Corruption and marketization: Formal and informal rules in Chinese public procurement
Authors: Gong Ting , Zhou Na 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe relationship between market liberalization and corruption has attracted scholarly attention in recent years. Conventional wisdom holds that increased economic marketization reduces corruption. China, however, provides evidence to the contrary; corruption has grown as its market‐oriented reforms progress. This paradoxical co‐development of the market and corruption begs the intriguing questions of how corruption has survived marketization and what explains the failure of government regulation. Extending the conceptual framework of institutional theory about formal and informal rules, and using public procurement in China as an example, this article shows that formal tendering rules and regulations may be modified, circumvented, or replaced by informal ones which facilitate corruption. The article identifies four corruption schemes through which procurement actors may distort competition processes and mechanisms under the guise of formal rules. Consequently, public procurement in China displays the structural outlook of market competition, but not its essential substance.
Pneumatic Tourniquet for Surgical Procedures of Hemodialysis Vascular Access
Authors: Wang Shouwen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPneumatic tourniquet has been frequently utilized in various surgical specialties to facilitate surgical procedures on the extremities. However, its use for surgical procedures of hemodialysis access has been limited to some surgeons in the United States and often confined to the hospital settings under general anesthesia or regional nerve block. We have successfully employed a pneumatic tourniquet system for surgical procedures of hemodialysis access under conscious sedation and local anesthesia in an outpatient setting. Because prolonged tourniquet inflation is associated with ischemic pain and other potential complications, we have limited the continuous inflation time to <30 minutes. Our recent data from 550 surgical procedures of hemodialysis access have emphasized that pneumatic tourniquet use is well tolerated under conscious sedation and not associated with significant adverse events. These and other reported data suggest that pneumatic tourniquet can reduce procedure time, minimize required dissection, reduce vascular trauma by eliminating vascular clamps and potentially improve the outcomes of surgical procedures of hemodialysis access. These advantages may be translated into cost savings for hemodialysis access care. This review discusses practical issues of pneumatic tourniquet use and its applications in surgical procedures of hemodialysis access.
JAK/STAT Pathway in Drosophila Immunity
Authors: Myllymäki H. , Rämet M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling pathway controls multiple biological processes in metazoan development and tissue homoeostasis. This creates a need for tight regulatory mechanisms to ensure proper responses. The core components of the pathway, as well as many of the regulatory molecules, are conserved in evolution and thus share similarities in organisms such as humans and fruit flies. Therefore, the fruit fly provides an amenable model system for elucidating the in vivo roles of the JAK/STAT pathway and its regulators, which are challenging to demonstrate in mammalian systems. This review will focus on describing recent advances in understanding the importance of JAK/STAT signalling in Drosophila immunity.
Encouraging Students to Act: Helping Students Apply Principles Learned in a Religious Education Setting
Authors: Hilton John , Aramaki Alyssa 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMuch debate exists regarding the purpose of education. This article explores the idea that religious education can be used to inspire change and action in the lives of students beyond the classroom. We describe a study of students who took a required religion class at a private religious university. The intended outcomes of the class centered on encouraging students to make the following changes in their lives: to develop a habit of regular scripture study, to use new methods to study the scriptures, and to make positive choices in their lives. Specific assignments were designed to encourage these outcomes. At the end of the semester, students were surveyed as to whether they had made changes in their lives in these three areas. The vast majority of students reported that they had made changes in their lives because of assignments given in the class. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Teaching an Introduction to the Global Philosophy of Religion
Authors: Loewen Nathan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCurrently, the recent history of the field shapes the content of introductions to the philosophy of religion. In order to substantively engage students, whose experiences and destinies are already shaped by global realities, such teaching must undergo revision. A shift from introducing philosophical theology towards active learning analyses of ostensibly religious phenomena is the means by which the field can regain its relevance for students. This article first explores the rationale for teaching differently, and then works out a pedagogy that has students themselves practicing a global philosophy of religion.
The “Place” of Place‐Based Pedagogy in Teaching Religion: Brooklyn and Its Religions
Authors: Estey Ken 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPlace‐based pedagogy offers students a distinctive way to be attentive to a particular expression of a given religion while enabling them to minimize generalizations on the basis of that experience. Place‐based pedagogies decenter the traditional classroom as the sole locus of learning and emphasize the value of learning within varied spatial frameworks including undeveloped natural environments and built environments in rural, suburban, or urban communities. This article, set in Brooklyn, New York, is a case study of place‐based teaching in an urban context. “Brooklyn and Its Religions” is a course that provides students with a place to explore diverse expressions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The article describes the course and analyzes students' field reports in two settings to demonstrate the value of place‐based learning for studying religion in Brooklyn.
Teaching Exegesis in Historically Black Theological Schools
Authors: Mbuvi Andrew , Ashmore James , Bellis Alice Ogden , Wafawanaka Robert , Bailey Randall C. , Mbuwayesango Dora , Newheart Michael Willett 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis Forum collects the papers presented at a 2010 panel at the Society of Biblical Literature, an outcome of a Wabash Center funded grant project. The project examined the unique dimensions and experiences of teaching Biblical exegesis at the six historically black theological schools (HBTSs), including discussion of the unique needs of HBTS students and their communities, and appropriate learning goals and effective teaching practices for this context. None of the biblical studies faculty were prepared as graduate students for the unique challenges that they have encountered teaching at a HBTS, so they have all had to “learn on the job” how best to approach the unique needs of the student body. The brief statements collected here summarize the findings from the project, describe and analyze some effective teaching strategies, and offer suggestions for continuing the conversation.
The metabolic flux phenotype of heterotrophic Arabidopsis cells reveals a flexible balance between the cytosolic and plastidic contributions to carbohydrate oxidation in response to phosphate limitation
Authors: Masakapalli Shyam K. , Bryant Fiona M. , Kruger Nicholas J. , Ratcliffe R. George 
Published: March 2014

SummaryUnderstanding the mechanisms that allow plants to respond to variable and reduced availability of inorganic phosphate is of increasing agricultural importance because of the continuing depletion of the rock phosphate reserves that are used to combat inadequate phosphate levels in the soil. Changes in gene expression, protein levels, enzyme activities and metabolite levels all point to a reconfiguration of the central metabolic network in response to reduced availability of inorganic phosphate, but the metabolic significance of these changes can only be assessed in terms of the fluxes supported by the network. Steady‐state metabolic flux analysis was used to define the metabolic phenotype of a heterotrophic Arabidopsis thaliana cell culture grown on a Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0, 1.25 or 5 mm inorganic phosphate. Fluxes through the central metabolic network were deduced from the redistribution of 13C into metabolic intermediates and end products when cells were labelled with [1‐13C], [2‐13C], or [13C6]glucose, in combination with 14C measurements of the rates of biomass accumulation. Analysis of the flux maps showed that reduced levels of phosphate in the growth medium stimulated flux through phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and malic enzyme, altered the balance between cytosolic and plastidic carbohydrate oxidation in favour of the plastid, and increased cell maintenance costs. We argue that plant cells respond to phosphate deprivation by reconfiguring the flux distribution through the pathways of carbohydrate oxidation to take advantage of better phosphate homeostasis in the plastid.
Significant reduction in red blood cell transfusions in a general hospital after successful implementation of a restrictive transfusion policy supported by prospective computerized order auditing
Authors: Yerrabothala Swaroopa , Desrosiers Kevin P. , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , Dunbar Nancy M. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundOur hospital transfusion policy was recently revised to recommend single‐unit red blood cell transfusion (RBC TXN) for nonbleeding inpatients when the hemoglobin (Hb) level is not more than 7 g/dL. Our computerized provider order entry system was reconfigured to provide real‐time decision support using prospective computerized order auditing based on the most recent Hb level and to remove the single‐click ordering option for 2‐unit RBC TXNs to enhance compliance. This study was undertaken to assess the impact of these changes on hospital transfusion practice.Study Design and MethodsThis study analyzed the total number of transfusion events, proportion of single and 2‐unit transfusions and the Hb transfusion trigger in the preimplementation period (October 2011‐March 2012) compared to the postimplementation period (October 2012‐March 2013).ResultsIn the postimplementation period the total number of RBC units transfused/1000 patient‐days decreased from 60.8 to 44.2 (p < 0.0001). The proportion of 2‐unit TXNs decreased from 47% to 15% (p < 0.0001). We also observed significant decreases in pretransfusion Hb triggers.ConclusionImplementation of restrictive transfusion policy supported by prospective computerized order auditing has resulted in significantly decreased RBC utilization at our institution.
A Large‐scale, Rapid Public Health Response to Rabies in an Organ Recipient and the Previously Undiagnosed Organ Donor
Authors: Wallace R. M. , Stanek D. , Griese S. , Krulak D. , Vora N. M. , Pacha L. , Kan V. , Said M. , Williams C. , Burgess T. H. , Clausen S. S. , Austin C. , Gabel J. , Lehman M. , Finelli L. N. , Selvaggi G. , Joyce P. , Gordin F. , Benator D. , Bettano A. , Cersovsky S. , Blackmore C. , Jones S. V. , Buchanan B. D. , Fernandez A. I. , Dinelli D. , Agnes K. , Clark A. , Gill J. , Irmler M. , Blythe D. , Mitchell K. , Whitman T. J. , Zapor M. J. , Zorich S. , Witkop C. , Jenkins P. , Mora P. , Droller D. , Turner S. , Dunn L. , Williams P. , Richards C. , Ewing G. , Chapman K. , Corbitt C. , Girimont T. , Franka R. , Recuenco S. , Blanton J. D. , Feldman K. A. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThis article describes and contrasts the public health response to two human rabies cases: one organ recipient diagnosed within days of symptom onset and the transplant donor who was diagnosed 18 months post‐symptom onset. In response to an organ‐transplant‐related rabies case diagnosed in 2013, organ donor and recipient investigations were conducted by multiple public health agencies. Persons with potential exposure to infectious patient materials were assessed for rabies virus exposure. An exposure investigation was conducted to determine the source of the organ donor's infection. Over 100 persons from more than 20 agencies spent over 2700 h conducting contact investigations in healthcare, military and community settings. The 564 persons assessed include 417 healthcare workers [5.8% recommended for post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP)], 96 community contacts (15.6% recommended for PEP), 30 autopsy personnel (50% recommended for PEP), and 21 other persons (4.8% recommended for PEP). Donor contacts represented 188 assessed with 20.2% recommended for PEP, compared with 5.6% of 306 recipient contacts recommended for PEP. Human rabies cases result in substantial use of public health and medical resources, especially when diagnosis is delayed. Although rare, clinicians should consider rabies in cases of encephalitis of unexplained aetiology, particularly for cases that may result in organ donation.
Superior Performance of Nanofluids in an Automotive
Radiator
Authors: Ray Dustin R. , Das Debendra K. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This study compares the performance of three different nanofluids containing aluminum oxide, copper oxide, and silicon dioxide nanoparticles dispersed in the same base fluid, 60:40 ethylene glycol and water by mass, as coolant in automobile radiators. The computational scheme adopted here is the effectiveness-number of transfer unit (ε − NTU) method encoded in matlab. Appropriate correlations of thermophysical properties for these nanofluids developed from measurements are summarized in this paper. The computational scheme has been validated by comparing the results of pumping power, convective heat transfer coefficients on the air and coolant side, overall heat transfer coefficient, effectiveness and NTU, reported by other researchers. Then the scheme was adopted to compute the performance of nanofluids. Results show that a dilute 1% volumetric concentration of nanoparticles performs better than higher concentration. It is proven that at optimal conditions of operation of the radiator, under the same heat transfer basis, a reduction of 35.3% in pumping power or 7.4% of the surface area can be achieved by using the Al2O3 nanofluid. The CuO nanofluid showed slightly lower magnitudes than the Al2O3 nanofluid, with 33.1% and 7.2% reduction for pumping power or surface area respectively. The SiO2 nanofluid showed the least performance gain of the three nanofluids, but still could reduce the pumping power or area by 26.2% or 5.2%. The analysis presented in this paper was used for an automotive radiator but can be extended to any liquid to gas heat exchanger.
Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Ghosts Carrying the Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit Are Capable of Inducing Enhanced Protective Immune Responses
Authors: Jawale Chetan V. , Lee John Hwa 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTTheEscherichia coliheat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) is a potent vaccine adjuvant.Salmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis ghosts carrying LTB (S. Enteritidis-LTB ghosts) were genetically constructed using a novel plasmid, pJHL187-LTB, designed for the coexpression of the LTB and E lysis proteins.S. Enteritidis-LTB ghosts were characterized using scanning electron microscopy to visualize their transmembrane tunnel structures. The expression of LTB inS. Enteritidis-LTB ghost preparations was confirmed by immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The parenteral adjuvant activity of LTB was demonstrated by immunizing chickens with eitherS. Enteritidis-LTB ghosts orS. Enteritidis ghosts. Chickens were intramuscularly primed at 5 weeks of age and subsequently boosted at 8 weeks of age. In total, 60 chickens were equally divided into three groups (n= 20 for each): group A, nonvaccinated control; group B, immunized withS. Enteritidis-LTB ghosts; and group C, immunized withS. Enteritidis ghosts. Compared with the nonimmunized chickens (group A), the immunized chickens (groups B and C) exhibited increased titers of plasma IgG and intestinal secretory IgA antibodies. The CD3+CD4+subpopulation of T cells was also significantly increased in both immunized groups. Among the immunized chickens, those in group B exhibited significantly increased titers of specific plasma IgG and intestinal secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies compared with those in group C, indicating the immunomodulatory effects of the LTB adjuvant. Furthermore, both immunized groups exhibited decreased bacterial loads in their feces and internal organs. These results indicate that parenteral immunization withS. Enteritidis-LTB ghosts can stimulate superior induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses compared to immunization withS. Enteritidis ghosts alone, thus conferring efficient protection against salmonellosis.
Activation of Innate Immune Responses by Haemophilus influenzae Lipooligosaccharide
Authors: Choi Joshua , Cox Andrew D. , Li Jianjun , McCready William , Ulanova Marina 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA Gram-negative pathogenHaemophilus influenzaehas a truncated endotoxin known as lipooligosaccharide (LOS). Recent studies onH. influenzaeLOS highlighted its structural and compositional implications for bacterial virulence; however, the role of LOS in the activation of innate and adaptive immunity is poorly understood. THP-1 monocytes were stimulated with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fromEscherichia colior LOS compounds derived fromH. influenzaeEagan, Rd, and Rdlic1 lpsAstrains. Cell surface expression of key antigen-presenting, costimulatory, and adhesion molecules, as well as gene expression of some cytokines and pattern recognition receptors, were studied. Eagan and Rd LOS had a lower capacity to induce the expression of ICAM-1, CD40, CD58, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) compared to LPS. In contrast, antigen-presenting (HLA-ABC or HLA-DR) and costimulatory (CD86) molecules and NOD2 were similarly upregulated in response to LOS and LPS. LOS from a mutant Rd strain (Rdlic1 lpsA) consistently induced higher expression of innate immune molecules than the wild-type LOS, suggesting the importance of phosphorylcholine and/or oligosaccharide extension in cellular responses to LOS. An LOS compound with a strong ability to upregulate antigen-presenting and costimulatory molecules combined with a low proinflammatory activity may be considered a vaccine candidate to immunize againstH. influenzae.
Antibodies against Mycobacterial Proteins as Biomarkers for HIV-Associated Smear-Negative Tuberculosis
Authors: Siev Michael , Wilson Douglas , Kainth Supreet , Kasprowicz Victoria O. , Feintuch Catherine M. , Jenny-Avital Elizabeth R. , Achkar Jacqueline M. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Serology data are limited for patients with sputum smear-negative HIV-associated active tuberculosis (TB). We evaluated the serum antibody responses against the mycobacterial proteins MPT51, MS, and echA1 and the 38-kDa protein via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in South African (S.A.) HIV-positive (HIV
+
) smear-negative TB patients (
n
= 56), U.S. HIV

+

controls with a positive tuberculin skin test (TST
+
;
n
= 21), and S.A. HIV-negative (HIV
−
) (
n
= 18) and HIV
+
(
n
= 24) controls. TB patients had positive antibody reactivity against MPT51 (73%), echA1 (59%), MS (36%), and the 38-kDa protein (11%). Little reactivity against MPT51 and echA1 was observed in control groups at low risk for TB, i.e., S.A. HIV
−
(0% and 6%, respectively), and at moderate risk for TB development, i.e., U.S. HIV
+
TST
+
controls (14% and 10%, respectively). By contrast, more reactivity was detected in the S.A. HIV
+
control group at higher risk for TB (25% and 45%, respectively). Our data hold promise that antibody detection against MPT51 and echA1 might have adjunctive value in the detection of HIV
+
smear-negative TB and might reflect increasing
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection activity in asymptomatic HIV
+
individuals.
Evaluation of the Remel RapID NF Plus Rapid Biochemical Method for Identification of Burkholderia pseudomallei
Authors: Maloney Samuel , Engler Cathy , Norton Robert 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Typical methods for the identification of
Burkholderia pseudomallei
colonies produce results in 18 h. The Remel RapID NF Plus kit produces results in 4 h. We used the kit for 190 stored
B. pseudomallei
isolates and correctly identified 189 of them. This kit produces consistent results for known
B. pseudomallei
isolates.
Beta-Hemolytic, Multi-Lancefield Antigen-Agglutinating Enterococcus durans from a Pregnant Woman, Mimicking Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Savini Vincenzo , Franco Alessia , Gherardi Giovanni , Marrollo Roberta , Argentieri Angela Valentina , Pimentel de Araujo Fernanda , Amoruso Roberta , Battisti Antonio , Fazii Paolo , Carretto Edoardo 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

A beta-hemolytic Lancefield antigen A-, B-, C-, D-, F-, and G-positive
Enterococcus durans
strain was cultivated from the rectovaginal swab of a pregnant woman who underwent antenatal screening for
Streptococcus agalactiae
. The isolate raised concern as to what extent similar strains are misrecognized and lead to false diagnosis of group B streptococci.