bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of CoSO4ċH2O Nanoparticles and Barite Microcubes from Novel Precursors
Authors: Sobhani Azam , Salavati-Niasari Masoud 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCoSO4ċH2O nanoparticles and barite (BaSO4) microcubes have been prepared by hydrothermal decomposition of new precursors [Co(tsc)2]Cl2 and [Ba(tsc)2]Cl2 (tsc =  thiosemicarbazide), respectively. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. As a comparison between two methods, thermal decomposition of novel precursors in high temperature boiling organic solvents were examined.
Hot Corrosion of Fe-Cr Alloys with 75 Na2SO4 + 25 NaCl Coating at 1173 K
Authors: Fu Guangyan , Tang Xiaopeng , Liu Qun , Su Yong , Wang Xiao 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHot corrosion behavior of two Fe-Cr alloys coated with the salt film of 25 NaCl + 75 Na2SO4 (mass fraction) in air at 1173 K was studied. Results show that for both alloys of Fe-10Cr and Fe-20Cr, the mass gain of the alloy coated with 40–45 g/m2 of 75 Na2SO4 + 25 NaCl is greater than that of the alloy coated with 20–25 g/m2 of the film with the same composition. The corrosion products of Fe-10Cr alloy can be divided into three layers, of which the outermost scale is Fe2O3, the intermediate layer is mixed oxides of Fe2O3 and Cr2O3, and the innermost layer is mainly chromium sulfide. However, the corrosion products of Fe-20Cr only consist of two layers: the external scale of Fe2O3 and Cr2O3, and the internal layer of chromium sulfide. Compared to Fe-10Cr, Fe-20Cr has better hot corrosion resistance. The hot corrosion mechanism was proposed and the influence of the different coating mass of 75 Na2SO4 + 25 NaCl is also discussed.
Encapsulation of Erbium(III) and Thulium(III) Nanocomplexes Containing 18- and 20-Membered Dioxa Tetraaza Macryclic Ligands Within the Framework of Zeolite
Authors: Yousefi Mohammad , Salavati-Niasari Masoud 
Published: December 2012

AbstractZeolite framework stabilized erbium(III) and thulium(III) complex nanoparticles was prepared for the first time by using a two step procedure: the ion exchange of Ln3+ (Ln: Er and Tm) with the extra framework Na+ ions in zeolite-Y, the template synthesis of 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol with different diamines. Analysis of the data indicated that the Ln(III) complexes has been encapsulated within the nanocavity of zeolite Y and exhibit different property from those of the free complexes, which can arise from distortions caused by steric effects due to the presence of sodium cations, or from interactions with the zeolite matrix.
Influence of Long-term Aging on Microstructure and Creep Behaviors of FGH95 Nickel-based Superalloy
Authors: Tian S. G. , Xie G. L. , Xie J. , Zhou X. M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBy means of long-term aging treatment, creep properties measurement and microstructure observation, the influences of long-term aging on the microstructure and creep behaviors of FGH95 Superalloy are investigated. Results show that the fine γ′ particles dispersedly precipitate in the alloy after fully heat treated, and coarser γ′ phase discontinuously distribute along the grain boundaries. After the alloy is long-term aged at 723 K for 500 h, the fine γ′ phase with better cube degree and carbide particles distribute dispersedly in the alloy to enhance the creep resistance of the alloy for possessing a longer creep lifetime at the condition of 923 K and 1034 MPa. The deformed feature of the alloy is that configurations of slipping dislocations and the stacking fault appear in the alloy. As the creep goes on, the cracks initiate and propagate along the boundaries due to dislocations tangling in the grain boundaries for bringing out the stress concentration.
Remnant Life Assessment and Microstructural Studies on Service Exposed Primary Reformer Tubes of a Catalytic Converter of an Ammonia Plant
Authors: Guguloth Krishna , Swaminathan Jaganathan , Bagui Sumanta , Ray Ashok Kumar 
Published: December 2012

Abstract13.5 year service exposed (SE) catalyst primary reformer tube material made of H39WM micro-paralloy grade used in feritilizer plant was assessed for remaining life. The investigation includes mechanical properties evaluation; microstructural analysis and accelerated stress rupture tests. Failed tube portions showed coarsening primary carbides of Chromium and Niobium along the grain boundaries. Degradation of Niobium carbide (NbC) into Ni-Nb-Si phase and partial conversion this phase back to NbC was observed. Secondary carbides within grains were almost absent. Degradation in tensile strength for a range of temperature from 1123 to 1223 K was also observed but they were within the specified limits. Premature failures within 3–5 years service exposure are more common in reformer tubes. The failure was attributed to localized overheating leading to creep damage. The cast tube material may undergo microstructural changes during service exposure which is the main cause of degradation in strength and hardness changes. Accelerated stress rupture tests were performed in the range of 1173–1248 K on samples machined from 13.5 years at 1191 K and 15.4 MPa exposed reformer steel tubing, did not reveal any degradation of rupture behavior compared to that of the virgin alloy. An additional life of at least 10.6 years is predicted at the operating stress-temperature conditions.
Oxidation Kinetics of Steels Utilized in the Production of Valves in Automobile Industry
Authors: Grzesik Z. , Jurasz Z. , Adamaszek K. , Mrowec S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe oxidation kinetics of four Fe-Cr-Mn-Ni based steels, utilized in automobile industry, have been studied as a function of temperature (973–1273 K) and oxygen partial pressure (5–105 Pa). It has been shown that the rate of corrosion of these steels under isothermal conditions is determined by diffusion of reagents through the scale, which phase composition and morphology depend first of all on chromium and to some extend also on nickel and manganese contents. The highest oxidation resistance at high temperatures is observed in the case of the X33CrNiMn23-8 steel, containing highest chromium concentration, equal 23.4 wt.% and nickel equal 7.8 wt.%. The remaining three steels with virtually the same chromium content (≈20 wt.%), but lower than that in the first one, show comparable oxidation resistance. Small differences in the oxidation rates of these three steels may be related to different nickel and manganese contents. It has been found also that the rate of corrosion of all steels under investigation does not depend under steady state conditions on oxygen partial pressure.
Sonochemically Synthesis of Antimonite Nanoparticles and Its Influence on the Thermal Stability of the ABS Terpolymer
Authors: Bagheriyan Siyamak 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSb2S3 nanoparticles were synthesized via a simple sonochemical reaction between SbCl3 and thioacetamide. The effect of different parameters such as power and time of pulsation on the morphology of the product has been investigated. The Sb2 S3 nanostructures were then added to acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer. The effect of Sb2 S3 nanostructures on the thermal stability of the polymeric matrix has been examined. The thermal decomposition of the nanocomposite shifts towards higher temperature in the presence of the Sb2 S3 . Nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UL-94 and limiting oxygen index (LOI) analysis.
Microstructure and Mechanical Property Optimization of NiTiAl-based Alloys: Directional Solidification in Novel Ceramic Crucibles
Authors: Zhang Huarui , Tang Xiaoxia , Pan Qing , Zhou Lei , Zhou Chungen , Zhang Hu 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDirectional solidification technique was successfully used to prepare highly reactive NiTiAl-based alloys using novel Y2O3-coated crucibles. Compared with the as-cast alloys fabricated by vacuum arc melting, the microstructure of the directionally solidified alloys was optimized and mechanical properties remarkably improved. After directional solidification, the microstructure of the alloys became much finer and preferentially grew along [001] orientation. The tensile strength and strain of the directionally solidified alloys at 1550°C were promoted to 1240 MPa and 2.1% respectively, which were 91.4% and 75% higher than that of the as-cast alloys. The strength increased up to 1328 MPa and 1419 MPa after homogenizing treating. The Y2O3-coated crucibles assured significant purification effect of the alloys. The maximum oxygen increase in the steady-state region of the ingot obtained at 1750°C was no more than 0.014 wt.%.
Angelman syndrome patient management: 5 years of clinical experience
Authors: Budisteanu Magdalena , Papuc Sorina Mihaela , Tutulan-Cunita Andreea , Craiu Dana , Barca Diana , Iliescu Catrinel , Arghir Aurora 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAngelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic condition characterized by severe mental retardation, ataxic gait, severe speech delay, dysmorphic features, abnormal behavior, and movement disorder. It is caused by a variety of genetic mechanisms that all interfere with the expression of the
Artin's Primitive Root Conjecture – A Survey
Authors: Moree Pieter 
Published: December 2012

Abstract.One of the first concepts one meets in elementary number theory is that of the multiplicative order. We give a survey of the literature on this topic emphasizing the Artin primitive root conjecture (1927). The first part of the survey is intended for a rather general audience and rather colloquial, whereas the second part is intended for number theorists and ends with several open problems. The contributions in the survey on `elliptic Artin' are due to Alina Cojocaru. Wojciec Gajda wrote a section on `Artin for K-theory of number fields,' and Hester Graves (together with me) on `Artin's conjecture and Euclidean domains.'
Legendre polynomials as a recommended basis for numerical differentiation in the presence of stochastic white noise
Authors: Lu Shuai , Naumova Valeriya , Pereverzev Sergei V. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract.
In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the derivative of a function from its noisy version contaminated by a stochastic white noise and argue that in certain relevant cases the reconstruction of by the derivatives of the partial sums of Fourier–Legendre series of has advantage over some standard approaches. One of the interesting observations made in the paper is that in a Hilbert scale generated by the system of Legendre polynomials the stochastic white noise does not increase, as it might be expected, the loss of accuracy compared to the deterministic noise of the same intensity. We discuss the accuracy of the considered method in the spaces L2
and C and provide a guideline for an adaptive choice of the number of terms in differentiated partial sums (note that this number is playing the role of a regularization parameter). Moreover, we discuss the relation of the considered numerical differentiation scheme with the well-known Savitzky–Golay derivative filters, as well as possible applications in diabetes technology.
Genetic low nephron number hypertension is associated with altered expression of osteopontin and CD44 during nephrogenesis*
Authors: Freese Anne , Wehland Markus , Freese Florian , Bamberg Christian , Kreutz Reinhold , Rothermund Lars 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Aims: The study set out to investigate whether the osteopontin (OPN)-CD44-integrin-receptor-system is differently regulated during nephrogenesis in inborn nephron deficit, a major determinant of human primary hypertension and cardiovascular disease in adult life.

Methods: We compared a genetic rat model with an inherited nephron deficit, the Munich-Wistar-Froemter rat (MWF), to normotensive Wistar rats during nephrogenesis at day 19 of fetal development (E19) and at postpartal day 7 (D7).

Results: Renal OPN mRNA (–75%, P<0.05) and protein expression (–38%, P<0.05) were strongly decreased at E19 in MWF compared to Wistar. Renal mRNA-expression of CD44 was increased at E19 in MWF (+271%, P<0.05). At D7, renal OPN protein expression was increased (+115%, P<0.05) and renal mRNA-expression of CD44 remained elevated compared to Wistar control (+127%, P<0.05).

Conclusions: Altered fetal expression of the OPN-CD44-integrin-receptor-system in the MWF model points to a possible role in low nephron number hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
Ethnic disparity in amniotic fluid levels of hyaluronan, histone H2B and superoxide dismutase in spontaneous preterm birth
Authors: Herway Catherine , Kanninen Tomi , Witkin Steven S. , Saade George , Fortunato Stephen J. , Menon Ramkumar 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Aims: To document racial disparity in an immune modulator, hyaluronan (HA), an antimicrobial, histone H2B (H2B), and an antioxidant, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in amniotic fluid (AF) from African-American (AA) and Caucasian (C) subjects with spontaneous preterm birth (PTB).

Methods: In a case (PTB) control (term) study, AF samples were analyzed for HA, H2B and SOD by ELISA. Differences in analyte concentrations between races were documented and a secondary analysis based on histologic chorioamnionitis (HC) was also performed.

Results: No differences in the median HA, H2B and SOD were seen between cases and controls. AA cases had lower HA but higher H2B and SOD than controls. Analyte concentrations were not different between C cases and controls. AA samples at term had lower H2B and SOD compared to C samples at term. Cases with HC showed higher H2B and SOD.

Conclusion: We report ethnic disparity in AF antimicrobial, immune mediator and antioxidant factors. Dysregulated AF production of HA, H2B and SOD was associated with PTB in AA, not in C, suggesting an overwhelming inflammatory response in AA PTB, whereas inflammation is likely a secondary phenomenon in C PTB.
Carbon nanotubes: a promise for nerve tissue engineering?
Authors: Bosi Susanna , Fabbro Alessandra , Ballerini Laura , Prato Maurizio 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOwing to their peculiar physical and chemical properties, carbon nanotubes are intensively studied for many different applications, including those in the biomedical field. Carbon nanotubes are electrically conductive, elastic but mechanically resistant and these features, among others, have made them an ideal material for therapeutic applications at the neural tissue interface. The major recent advances in the study of carbon nanotube-based materials aimed at nerve tissue regeneration and functional recovery are reviewed here.
Military Spending and Democratisation
Authors: Brauner Jennifer 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
There is considerable evidence that authoritarian regimes have tended to spend more on the military than democracies. However, the direction of causality of this relationship has not been seriously investigated. The literature tends to assume that causality runs from regime type to military expenditure, but one might also expect military expenditure to influence regime type: history yields numerous examples of countries whose democratisation process was reversed by a powerful military unwilling to give up its privileged position in society. Successful democratisation, amongst other things, requires the reform of civil-military relations. In this paper, I build on the empirical literature on democratic transitions and examine whether lowering military expenditure in a democratising country increases the chances of successful democracy consolidation. I use a number of techniques, including two-way fixed effects model and a panel VAR to examine the linkages and pattern of Granger causality between measures of regime type, GDP and military expenditures.
A Note on a Comparison of Simultaneous and Sequential Colonel Blotto Games
Authors: Baba Yumiko 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Clark and Konrad (2007) introduce the weakest link against the best shot property to the Colonel Blotto game where the defendant has to win all the battle fields while the attacker only needs to win at least one battlefield. They characterize the Nash equilibrium assuming that the attacker attacks all the battlefields simultaneously. We construct a two stage model and endogenize the attacker’s attack pattern. We show that the attacker chooses a sequential attack pattern in the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium. Therefore, the game analyzed by Clark and Konrad (2007) is never realized. We also conducted experiments and found that the subjects’ behavior was inconsistent to theoretical predictions. Both players overinvested and the variances were large. In the simultaneous game, the attackers took a guerrira strategy at 30% of the time in which they invested only in one battlefield and the defenders took a surrender strategy at 11% of the time in which they invested nothing in the simultaneous game. Both players invested more in period 1 than in period 2 in the sequential game. Although all of these are inconsistent to the theoretical predictions, the winning probability of a game was consistent to the theoretical prediction in the simultaneous games, but it was lower than the theoretical prediction in the sequential games. We conclude that the subjects’ irrational behavior is mainly a rational response to his/ her opponent’s irrational behavior. Our model can explain terrorism, cyber terrorism, lobbying, and patent trolls and the huge gap between the theory and the experiments are important considering the significance of the problems.
The lone wolf terrorist: sprees of violence
Authors: Phillips Peter J 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to apply economic analysis to the opportunities and choices of single individual ‘lone wolf’ terrorists whose attacks are characterised by ‘sprees’ of violence, usually shooting sprees in public places, that last only for a relatively short period of time. The spree lone wolf also emerges suddenly. Having previously allocated no resources to terrorism, he suddenly and all at once allocates all of his resources, including time, to terrorism. The first step to providing guidance to governments and their law enforcement agencies is to encompass some important elements of the spree lone wolf’s opportunities and choices within an economic analytical framework. The first steps towards this are undertaken in this paper by exploring the opportunities and choices of the spree lone wolf from a risk-reward perspective and a treatment of the spree lone wolf as an individual who, while attempting to maximise his expected utility, shuns the risk-reduction benefits of ‘time diversification’ and suddenly plunges all of his resources into terrorism within a single time period. The analysis shows that such behaviour can be explained within an economic model of choice and clears the way for further theoretical analysis and empirical analysis.
Using the Agrawal integral equation to study the thermal degradation of polyvinyl acetate-montmorillonite-dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide
Authors: Fang Qun , Cui Hui-wan , Du Guan-ben 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
To study the pyrolysis kinetics of exfoliated nanocomposites, polyvinyl acetate (PVAc)-montmorillonite (MMT)-dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DOAB) was prepared through five different synthesis processes. The synthesis processes and MMT-DOAB had some effect on the thermal degradation, which was found to consist of eight phases. MMT-DOAB had no significant effect on the pyrolysis temperature, but delayed the thermal degradation process. The pyrolysis kinetics in thermal degradation were analyzed using the Agrawal integral equation.
Dreistufiger Kolbenkompressor mit vorgeschaltetem Drehkolbenkompressor: Teil 1, Modellierung
Authors: Glück Tobias , Kemmetmüller Wolfgang , Zanolin Patrick , Kugi Andreas 
Published: December 2012

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der mathematischen Modellierung eines dreistufigen Kolbenkompressors mit vorgeschaltetem Drehkolbenkompressor, welcher zur Produktion von PET-Flaschen eingesetzt wird. Ausgehend von den Grundgesetzen der Thermodynamik werden die Einzelkomponenten des Kompressors mathematisch modelliert und der zugrunde liegende Kreisprozess beschrieben. Anhand von Simulationsstudien wird das Verhalten des Kompressors im belasteten Fall untersucht. Das entwickelte Modell dient als Grundlage für den Reglerentwurf im zweiten Teil dieses Beitrags.
Ein hierarchischer Ansatz zur optimalen Bahnplanung und Bahnregelung für ein autonomes Fahrzeug
Authors: Schmidt Stephan , Kasper Roland 
Published: December 2012

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag beschreibt ein Bahnplanungs- und Regelungskonzept für ein autonomes spurgeführtes Fahrzeug. Die Planung einer geeigneten Sollbahn erfolgt hierbei durch die Lösung eines nichtlinearen Optimalsteuerungsproblems unter Berücksichtigung realistischer Nebenbedingungen wie der verfügbaren Straßenbreite oder zulässiger Längs- und Querbeschleunigungen. Die Bahnregelung basiert auf der einseitigen Entkopplung und Linearisierung der nichtlinearen Regelstrecke mit Hilfe von Ersatzregelgrößen. Die Funktionsfähigkeit des Gesamtsystems wird anhand von Versuchsfahrten mit einem Modellfahrzeug gezeigt.
Effectiveness of twin-block and Mandibular Protraction Appliance-IV in the improvement of pharyngeal airway passage dimensions in Class II malocclusion subjects with a retrognathic mandible
Authors: Jena Ashok Kumar , Singh Satinder Pal , Utreja Ashok Kumar 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTObjective:To test the hypothesis that twin-block and Mandibular Protraction Appliance-IV (MPA-IV) are not effective in improving the pharyngeal airway passage (PAP) dimensions among Class II malocclusion subjects with a retrognathic mandible.Materials and Methods:Eighty-three subjects ranging in age from 8 to 14 years were divided into four groups. Group I included 30 Class I malocclusion subjects (healthy controls); group II consisted of 16 Class II malocclusion subjects (Class II controls); group III had 16 subjects in whom Class II malocclusion was treated by MPA-IV; and the remaining 21 subjects formed group IV, whose Class II malocclusions were corrected by twin-block appliance. Lateral cephalograms recorded at the beginning of orthodontic treatment in group I subjects and at the beginning and end of follow-up/treatment with functional appliance in group II, III, and IV subjects were analyzed to determine the PAP dimensions. Paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey tests were applied for statistical analysis, and a P-value .05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Soft palate length was decreased significantly in group III (P &lt; .05) and group IV (P &lt; .001) subjects. Soft palate thickness in group IV subjects was increased significantly as compared to group II (P &lt; .05) and group III (P &lt; .01) subjects. The improvement in soft palate inclination in group III and group IV subjects was significant (P &lt; .01). The oropharynx depth was increased significantly in group III (P &lt; .05) and group IV (P &lt; .001) subjects. The depth of the hypopharynx was increased significantly (P &lt; .01) in group IV subjects.Conclusions:The twin-block appliance was more efficient than the MPA-IV in the improvement of PAP dimensions among Class II malocclusion subjects with retrognathic mandible.