bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Fields in Massive Star-forming Regions (MagMaR): Unveiling an Hourglass Magnetic Field in G333.46–0.16 Using ALMA
Authors: Saha Piyali , Sanhueza Patricio , Padovani Marco , Girart Josep M. , Cortés Paulo C. , Morii Kaho , Liu Junhao , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Galli Daniele , Basu Shantanu , Koch Patrick M. , Beltrán Maria T. , Li Shanghuo , Beuther Henrik , Stephens Ian W. , Nakamura Fumitaka , Zhang Qizhou , Jiao Wenyu , Fernández-López M. , Hwang Jihye , Chung Eun Jung , Pattle Kate , Zapata Luis A. , Xu Fengwei , Olguin Fernando A. , Kang Ji-hyun , Karoly Janik , Law Chi-Yan , Wang Jia-Wei , Csengeri Timea , Lu Xing , Cheng Yu , Kim Jongsoo , Choudhury Spandan , Chen Huei-Ru Vivien , Hull Charles L. H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The contribution of the magnetic field to the formation of high-mass stars is poorly understood. We report the high angular resolution (∼0.″3, 870 au) map of the magnetic field projected on the plane of the sky (B
POS) toward the high-mass star-forming region G333.46−0.16 (G333), obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array at 1.2 mm as part of the Magnetic fields in Massive star-forming Regions survey. The B
POS morphology found in this region is consistent with a canonical “hourglass” with an embedded flattened envelope in a perpendicular direction, which suggests a dynamically important field. This region is fragmented into two protostars that appear to be gravitationally bound in a stable binary system with a separation of ∼1740 au. Interestingly, by analyzing H13CO+ (J = 3–2) line emission, we find no velocity gradient over the extent of the continuum, which is consistent with a strong field. We model the B
POS, obtaining a marginally supercritical mass-to-flux ratio of 1.43, suggesting an initially strongly magnetized environment. Based on the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, the magnetic field strength toward G333 is estimated to be 5.7 mG. The absence of strong rotation and outflows toward the central region of G333 suggests strong magnetic braking, consistent with a highly magnetized environment. Our study shows that despite being a strong regulator, the magnetic energy fails to prevent the process of fragmentation, as revealed by the formation of the two protostars in the central region.
Erratum: The Transient Outgassed Atmosphere of 55 Cancri e (2023, ApJL, 956, L20)
Authors: Heng Kevin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Due to a coding error, the top left panel of Figure 2 is in error. Consequently, tens of bars of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are required to render an atmosphere optically thick to Rayleigh scattering. However, this error does not propagate into the calculation of the eclipse depths. The key conclusions of the study remain unchanged.
NWA 11562: A Unique Ureilite with Extreme Mg-rich Constituents
Authors: Li Mingbao , Zhu Ke , Fan Yan , Ranjith P. M. , Wang Chao , Yu Wen , Li Shijie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A comprehensive study of an ungrouped achondrite meteorite, North West Africa (NWA) 11562, was conducted, involving petrology, mineralogy, and mass-independent chromium isotopic composition. NWA 11562 comprises 34.9 vol% olivine, 56.1 vol% pyroxenes, 6.7 vol% Fe–Ni metal and oxides, 2.2 vol% carbon, and 0.2 vol% anhydrite. The oxygen isotopic composition (δ
18O = 6.24‰ ± 0.13‰ and Δ17O = −1.81‰ ± 0.03‰; Meteoritical Bulletin Database) and chromium isotopic compositions (ε
54Cr = −0.82 ± 0.10, 2SE) are consistent with NWA 11562 being a ureilite, and petrographic observations show features similar to those of the common ureilite group meteorites. Olivine (core: Fo99.0 ± 0.1; rim: Fo98.9 ± 0.1) and pyroxene (orthopyroxene: Mg# 99.0 ± 0.2; clinopyroxene: Mg# 99.1 ± 0.7) core compositions are more magnesian than in any previously known ureilite and lack the characteristic reduction rims of ureilites. Rounded small olivine grains within NWA 11562 indicate that the meteorite experienced impact and associated melting. Combined with the characteristic Fe/Mn ratio (3.84 ± 0.16) and Mg# (99.0 ± 0.1) of olivine cores, we suggest that NWA 11562 represents a more Mg-rich ureilite than any previously reported. NWA 11562 has a high 55Mn/52Cr ratio, and when combined with literature data, it plots on a well-defined 53Mn–53Cr isochron, providing a more accurate age, i.e., 4566.7 ± 0.8 Ma, overlapping previous work. This age may represent the result of early partial melting of the ureilite parent body.
Interrogating the epistemic dimension for new beginnings in early childhood care and education
Authors: Ebrahim Hasina B. 
Published: August 2024

Background: Currently, the globe is at the crossroads of a polycrisis where multiple shocks and interdependencies play out in an ever-evolving integrated world. Young children and their families bear the brunt of these realities through stresses that have a negative impact on them. In seeking better worlds in early childhood care and education (ECCE), it is imperative that universalised quick-fix solutions that sideline multiple perspectives and multivocality do not become the norm.Aim: This conceptual article aims to interrogate the epistemic dimension in ECCE by analysing resistance to dominant framings and possibilities for new beginnings.Methods: Specific concepts from decolonial literature are unpacked and operationalised through a collective case study. Cases were purposively selected for their pushback elements from literature and the author’s experiences. The cases from the United States of America, Africa and South Africa were analysed for patterns of resistance and possibilities.Results: The findings reveal that the resistance efforts from different geographical regions emanate from intentional actions to contest dominant perspectives in ECCE, and to reorient the epistemological space with affirming alternatives. As a collective, the case studies can be read as relational experiences that resist elimination and assimilation into universalised framings of ECCE.Conclusion: The focus on the epistemic dimension from different geographical spaces, and more importantly from similar relational experiences, points to the importance of expanding a network of solidarity for a more inclusive ECCE science.Contribution: This study contributes to filling the gap in knowledge in ECCE through a focus on how the epistemic dimension has the potential to be skewed in the current polycrisis unless concerted action is undertaken to develop polycentres that include multiple ways of knowing, thinking and feeling in ECCE.
The Relative Impact of Clinical and Investigational Factors to Predict the Outcome in Stroke Patients
Authors: Shahid Rizwana , Zafar Azra , Nazish Saima , Shariff Erum , Alshamrani Foziah , Aljaafari Danah , Soltan Nehad Mahmoud , Alkhamis Fahad A , Albakr Aishah Ibrahim , Alabdali Majed , Saqqur Maher 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
As stroke is still considered a significant cause of mortality and morbidity, it is crucial to find the factors affecting the outcome in these patients. We aimed to interpret the various clinical and investigational parameters and establish their association with the outcome in stroke patients.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study, conducted in the Department of Neurology between June 2019 to November 2021. The study involved the review and analysis of medical records pertaining to 264 patients, admitted with the diagnosis of stroke. Various clinical, radiological, and electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns in stroke patients were analyzed and their association with outcome was established. The association between the studied variables was performed by the logistic regression (LR) and presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:
The study sample consisted of 264 patients. Males comprised 165 (62.5%) with the mean participant age of 57.17 ± 18.7 3 years (range: 18–94). Patients younger than 50 years had a better likelihood of a good outcome in comparison to patients older than 50. The admission location was the most significant factor in predicting the outcome (P = 0.00) in favor of inpatient department and outpatient department (OPD), in contrast to patients admitted directly to intensive care unit (ICU). Normal EEG was associated with good outcome (P = 0.04; OR, 3.3; CI, 1.01–10.88) even after adjustment of the confounders, whereas patients having marked EEG slowing had a poor outcome (P = 0.05; OR, 2.4; CI, 0.65–8.79). Among the clinical parameters, hemiparesis (P = 0.03), trauma (P = 0.01), generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTC) (P = 0.00), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale of more than 4 were more likely associated with a poor outcome as well as the presence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) or infarction in the cortical and cortical/subcortical locations were associated with poor outcomes. After adjustment of confounders, the factors found to have prognostic significance in favor of good outcomes were inpatients or OPD referrals and normal EEG while direct admission to ICU, marked slowing on EEG, and presence of ICH were found to be associated with poor outcome.

Conclusion:
Certain patterns are predictive of good or worse outcomes in stroke patients. Early identification of these factors can lead to early intervention, which in turn might help in a better outcome. The results of the study, therefore, have some prognostic significance.
Hirayama Disease: Neutral and Flexion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Manifestations and Single Tertiary Care Center Analysis on 3T Scanner
Authors: Kaira Pankaj , Kaira Vaanika , Verma Sameer R. , Kumar Sunil 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Hirayama disease (HD) is a rare benign type of cervical cord myelopathy occurring commonly in young males as unilateral or bilateral asymmetrical amyotrophy of the hand and forearm muscles in C8–T1 distribution. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best technique for the evaluation and imaging of this entity.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective review of cervical magnetic resonance images of patients that were taken for clinically suspected and diagnosed HD on 3T MRI in postcontrast neutral and flexion (30°–40°) positions from July 2019 to January 2024 at Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly.

Results:
Fourteen patients included in the study were males less than 34 years of age. MRI findings of cord atrophy in the lower cervical region/cervico-dorsal junction, abnormal cervical curvature, loss of attachment of the dorsal dural sac and subjacent laminae with anterior displacement, and a prominent intense enhancing posterior epidural space were observed in all 14 patients. The minimum anteroposterior cord diameters in the neutral and flexion positions were 2.9 and 2.8 mm, respectively (mean thickness of laminodural space on flexion – 5.2 mm). Other MRI findings showed variable representations.

Conclusions:
Flexion-position MRI has emerged as the gold standard for establishing and validating the diagnosis of HD in clinically suspected cases and should be an essential part of the protocol for the screening of clinically suspected cases of HD to aid in early treatment and therapeutic intervention. Complimentary newer sequences such as the Three-dimensional (3D)-Constructive interference in Steady State (CISS)/Fast Imaging Employing Steady-state Acquisition Cycled Phases (FIESTA-C) may reinforce better appreciation of epidural flow voids.
Correlation between clinicopathological indices and expression of cluster of differentiation 24 and cluster of differentiation 44 biomarkers in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma patients: A follow-up study
Authors: Ghazi Narges , Saghravanian Nasrollah , Anvari Kazem , Mirhashemi Majid , Erfanian Mohammadhadi 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral cavity cancer and may occur following oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can self-renew and multi-directionally differentiate to promote tumorigenesis with high expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 24 and CD44 markers. CSCs play a pivotal role in tumor development, drug resistance, and relapse after treatment. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between both marker expressions and clinicopathological indices in OED and OSCC patients.

Materials and Methods:
In this follow-up study, we could access 37 patients, including 12 OEDs and 25 OSCCs (Grade I: n = 9, Grade II: n = 8, and Grade III: n = 8). Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 26) and log-rank tests, Fisher’s exact test, Chi-square, and one-way ANOVA. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
There was no significant difference in the expression of CD24 and CD44 markers between the study groups (P > 0.05) and the expression of both markers and clinicopathological indices in the study groups (P > 0.05). The mean and standard deviation of overall survival (OS) were 54.46 ± 43.08 with a range of 6–193 months, and they were 8.24 ± 15.34 months with a range of 0–70 months for disease-free survival (DFS) in patients, respectively. The average of DFS in Grade I was significantly lower than the OED (P = 0.002) and Grade II (P = 0.039) groups. The OS average in the Grade I (P = 0.014) and Grade III (P = 0.004) groups was statistically lower than the OED group.

Conclusion:
Although more than half of the patients demonstrated high expression of both markers, there was no statistically significant difference between them and clinicopathological indices.
Patient Satisfaction Related to Nurse’s Specific Aspects of Communication and Nursing Care
Authors: Ao Bendangmenla 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Nurses spend most of their time with the patient while admitted to the hospital, so it is essential and the patient’s perception to recognise, value and identify their needs and experiences during their hospital stay.

Objectives:
A descriptive study was undertaken to assess the level of patient satisfaction related to nurses’ specific aspects of communication and nursing care provided in a secondary hospital in Northeast, India.

Methods:
Using a simple random sampling technique, 140 patients were recruited for the study. Data were collected using a structured interview method designed by the investigator and validated by experts.

Results:
Analysis revealed that 43.6% scored >81 on the satisfaction level, and about 7.9% scored <50. Four domains were clubbed for assessments, of which 36% of the patients were slightly satisfied with the nurses related to the information and education given to them. About 46% were extremely satisfied with care and communication, 46% with respect and courtesy shown by nurses and 48% of the patients were extremely satisfied with nurses’ availability and timeliness. About 71% of the patients will come back to the hospital if required, and 76% will recommend the hospital to others. No significant association was found between patient satisfaction and demographic variables.

Conclusion:
Hospitals need to have an approach to measuring patient satisfaction, which could help assess the organisation and individual accountability, thereby increasing satisfaction amongst staff and patients.
Effect of a Self-instructional Module on Clinical Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice Regarding Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Post-operative Patients
Authors: Beons Sneha Merin , Mani Asha Liz 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This pre-experimental study was done to assess the effect of a self-instructional module on clinical nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in post-operative patients. The sample consists of 30 clinical nurses working in post-operative ICUs selected by purposive sampling technique. The tools used were a self-administered structured questionnaire on socio-demographic data and knowledge and an observation checklist on practice regarding the prevention of VTE. The study findings revealed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test knowledge and practice scores as the mean knowledge score of the post-test (16.93 ± 2.82) is higher than the pre-test score (13.70 ± 3.35) and the mean practice score of post-test (3.06 ± 1.17) is higher than the pre-test score (2.16 ± 0.74). There was a weak positive correlation between knowledge and practice scores (r = 0.08). The study findings also showed that there was no significant association between the pre-test level of knowledge and practice with selected demographic variables such as age, gender, qualification, total years of experience, previous knowledge on VTE and source of information. It can be concluded that the self-instructional module is effective in improving the knowledge and practice of clinical nurses in the prevention of VTE.
Immune Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Alqirbi Hujaz Ismail Abdulrazzaq , Mahdi Batool Mutar , Almukhtar Mustafa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory infection among children and infants globally. The first line of the immune response against this virus is neutrophils, macrophages, and innate lymphoid cells. Antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells which present the viral antigen to T lymphocytes that mediate viral clearance by T cytotoxic cells and initiate systemic lymphopenia. Humoral immunity will also be stimulated through B-cell-stimulating factors derived from epithelial cells of the respiratory tract that play an important factor in antibody production and induction memory to reinfection through IgG and IgA protective antibodies that are useful in vaccine production.
Knowledge Regarding Osteoporosis Risk Factors, Prevention, and Management in Women of Reproductive Ages; in Diyala, 2019
Authors: Majeed Noor Mohammed , Habib Huda Adnan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Osteoporosis is one of the major public health problems from which more and more people in the world are suffering. There is evidence suggesting that osteoporosis knowledge is one contributor to osteoporosis preventive behavior.

Aim of the Study:
To assess the knowledge regarding osteoporosis risk factors, prevention, and management in women of reproductive ages. To identify any association between knowledge and studied factors.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was carried out in three primary health-care centers (Al-Takia, Al-Saray, and Al-Mustafa primary health-care centers) from January 1, 2019, to November 31, 2019. A convenient sample of 400 women of reproductive age was selected. The data were collected using Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool through a direct interview with the women that included personal data, knowledge regarding osteoporosis risk factors, prevention, and management.

Results:
The majority of participants (56%) had moderate adequate knowledge about osteoporosis. The young age, being highly educated, and good economic status were significantly associated with good knowledge.

Conclusion:
Moderate adequate level of knowledge about osteoporosis was found among included subjects, the majority of subjects obtained their knowledge from Internet and physician. Thus, educational programs at all health-care facilities needed to improve the knowledge of women regarding osteoporosis.
The Outcome of the Laparoscopic Hysterectomy in Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in 2022–2023
Authors: Turfa Abdalrahman Hammad , Tawfeeq Ibtihal Salim , Kadhim Sattar Jabbar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Hysterectomy is a common gynecological procedure used for various benign conditions like abnormal uterine bleeding, uterine prolapse, and fibroids. Different surgical methods, including vaginal, abdominal, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted approaches, offer unique advantages and disadvantages. Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH), introduced in 1989, offers benefits like smaller incisions, less blood loss, reduced pain, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to evaluate patient outcomes, complications, and satisfaction with laparoscopic hysterectomy surgery.

Patients and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, General Surgery Department, from August 2022 to August 2023. Twenty-five patients who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign conditions were included. Patients were carefully assessed, ruling out malignancies through extensive clinical and radiological examinations, ultimately qualifying for the procedure. Data on patients’ demographics, comorbidities, previous surgical history, uterine size, indication for hysterectomy, type of procedures performed, and postoperative complications were gathered and subjected to analysis. The follow-up duration extended over 3 months, with assessments done on the 3rd day, 10th day, 1st month, and 3rd month postsurgery.

Results:
The mean age was 51.52 ± 9.47 years. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding was the most common indication (44%), followed by postmenopausal bleeding (32%). Most patients underwent TLH with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) (68%), and the mean operative time was 110 min. Complications were observed in 10 (40%) cases, with common issues being blood transfusion, port-site infection, and bladder injury. Hospitalization lasted 2 days, and postoperative pain reduced gradually over time. Patients who underwent concomitant BSO had significantly higher complications than those with isolated TLH. Postoperative pain levels were comparable between the two groups.

Conclusion:
Laparoscopic hysterectomy is an effective option for treating benign gynecological conditions, offering benefits like improved postoperative pain control and shorter hospital stays. However, the potential for complications, particularly in cases involving additional procedures, is to be considered.
A case series of melioidosis: An underdiagnosed entity in Kerala
Authors: Puthenpurayil Ebrahimkutty Shanimole , Kurian Pulikottil Shoba , Sam Alexander Vipin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Melioidosis is an emerging infection in India and is caused by a Gram-negative oxidase-positive bacilli, Burkholderia pseudomallei which is present in soil and surface water in the endemic region. Clinical manifestations are protean varying from asymptomatic infection, multiple skin abscesses, chronic pneumonia mimicking tuberculosis, and fulminant septic shock with abscesses in multiple internal organs. Isolation of bacilli from aspirated fluids remains the gold standard of diagnosis. Lack of microbiological services in many parts of the state, protean nature of clinical manifestations, lack of awareness among clinicians, and misidentification of the organism as Pseudomonas spp leads to delay in diagnosis and treatment. We have, retrospectively, analyzed 14 cases with culture-proven melioidosis diagnosed during 10 years. Case records of culture-positive patients were retrospectively analyzed for demographic data, clinical characteristics, management, complications, and clinical outcomes. Out of these, 13 cases were male. The most common age group affected was 50–59 years. The major occupation affected was manual laborer. Nonbacteremic melioidosis accounted for 12 cases. Concerning clinical presentations, intra-abdominal abscesses mainly in the liver and spleen accounted for seven cases. All the isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime, meropenem, and doxycycline, whereas 12 isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, 11 isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole combination, and 10 cases were susceptible to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin. Ten cases recovered with ceftazidime administration along with surgical drainage of abscess and three cases recovered with meropenem administration and surgical drainage. One patient expired and was on piperacillin–tazobactam. Melioidosis is a disease of public health importance and early clinical and laboratory diagnosis is crucial in the effective management of melioidosis.