bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and Facilitators to Learning and Performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Neighborhoods With Low Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Prevalence and High Rates of Cardiac Arrest in Columbus, OH
Authors: Sasson Comilla , Haukoos Jason S. , Bond Cindy , Rabe Marilyn , Colbert Susan H. , King Renee , Sayre Michael , Heisler Michele 
Published: September 2013

Background—
Residents who live in neighborhoods that are primarily black, Latino, or poor are more likely to have an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, less likely to receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and less likely to survive. No prior studies have been conducted to understand the contributing factors that may decrease the likelihood of residents learning and performing CPR in these neighborhoods. The goal of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators to learning and performing CPR in 3 low-income, high-risk, and predominantly black neighborhoods in Columbus, OH.

Methods and Results—
Community-Based Participatory Research approaches were used to develop and conduct 6 focus groups in conjunction with community partners in 3 target high-risk neighborhoods in Columbus, OH, in January to February 2011. Snowball and purposeful sampling, done by community liaisons, was used to recruit participants. Three reviewers analyzed the data in an iterative process to identify recurrent and unifying themes. Three major barriers to learning CPR were identified and included financial, informational, and motivational factors. Four major barriers were identified for performing CPR and included fear of legal consequences, emotional issues, knowledge, and situational concerns. Participants suggested that family/self-preservation, emotional, and economic factors may serve as potential facilitators in increasing the provision of bystander CPR.

Conclusions—
The financial cost of CPR training, lack of information, and the fear of risking one’s own life must be addressed when designing a community-based CPR educational program. Using data from the community can facilitate improved design and implementation of CPR programs.
The Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ERICH) Study Protocol
Authors: Woo Daniel , Rosand Jonathan , Kidwell Chelsea , McCauley Jacob L. , Osborne Jennifer , Brown Mark W. , West Sandra E. , Rademacher Eric W. , Waddy Salina , Roberts Jamie N. , Koch Sebastian , Gonzales Nicole R. , Sung Gene , Kittner Steven J. , Birnbaum Lee , Frankel Michael , Testai Fernando Daniel , Hall Christiana E. , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Flaherty Matthew , Coull Bruce , Chong Ji Y. , Warwick Tanya , Malkoff Marc , James Michael L. , Ali Latisha K. , Worrall Bradford B. , Jones Floyd , Watson Tiffany , Leonard Anne , Martinez Rebecca , Sacco Ralph I. , Langefeld Carl D. 
Published: September 2013

Background and Purpose—
Epidemiological studies of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have consistently demonstrated variation in incidence, location, age at presentation, and outcomes among non-Hispanic white, black, and Hispanic populations. We report here the design and methods for this large, prospective, multi-center case–control study of ICH.

Methods—
The Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ERICH) study is a multi-center, prospective case–control study of ICH. Cases are identified by hot-pursuit and enrolled using standard phenotype and risk factor information and include neuroimaging and blood sample collection. Controls are centrally identified by random digit dialing to match cases by age (±5 years), race, ethnicity, sex, and metropolitan region.

Results—
As of March 22, 2013, 1655 cases of ICH had been recruited into the study, which is 101.5% of the target for that date, and 851 controls had been recruited, which is 67.2% of the target for that date (1267 controls) for a total of 2506 subjects, which is 86.5% of the target for that date (2897 subjects). Of the 1655 cases enrolled, 1640 cases had the case interview entered into the database, of which 628 (38%) were non-Hispanic black, 458 (28%) were non-Hispanic white, and 554 (34%) were Hispanic. Of the 1197 cases with imaging submitted, 876 (73.2%) had a 24 hour follow-up CT available. In addition to CT imaging, 607 cases have had MRI evaluation.

Conclusions—
The ERICH study is a large, case–control study of ICH with particular emphasis on recruitment of minority populations for the identification of genetic and epidemiological risk factors for ICH and outcomes after ICH.
Characteristics and Outcomes Among Patients Transferred to a Regional Comprehensive Stroke Center for Tertiary Care
Authors: Ali Syed F. , Singhal Aneesh B. , Viswanathan Anand , Rost Natalia S. , Schwamm Lee H. 
Published: September 2013

Background and Purpose—
Many patients are transferred to comprehensive stroke centers for advanced acute ischemic stroke care, especially after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. We sought to determine differences in the baseline characteristics and outcomes between patients with acute ischemic stroke presenting directly to our academic stroke center’s front door versus transfers-in from another acute care hospital.

Methods—
Using our institutional Get With The Guidelines (GWTG)-Stroke registry, we analyzed all 3660 consecutively admitted patients with acute ischemic stroke (January 2005–June 2012). Univariate and multivariable models explored differences in front door versus transfer-in patients.

Results—

Fifty percent of all patients with acute ischemic stroke were transfer-in. Compared with front door patients, transfer-in were younger (67±16 versus 71±15 years;
P
<0.001), had worse median initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (7.0 versus 4.0;
P
<0.001), more often had limb weakness (35% versus 27%;
P
<0.001) or aphasia (16% versus 11%;
P
<0.001), and received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (29% versus 13%;
P
<0.001). Despite a trend toward higher in-hospital mortality in transfer-in patients, the difference was not statistically significant (13% versus 11%;
P
=0.08) between the 2 groups. Transfer-in patients had a longer hospital length of stay (5 versus 4 days;
P
<0.001) and were more often discharged to inpatient rehabilitation (48% versus 34%;
P
<0.001). Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were increasing age (odds ratio [OR], 1.38 per decade [1.23–1.55];
P
<0.001), atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.47 [1.12–1.93];
P
=0.006), coronary artery disease (OR, 2.02 [1.53–2.67];
P
<0.001), and initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (OR, 1.20 per point [1.18–1.23];
P
<0.001). Transfer status was not independently associated with in-hospital mortality (OR, 0.99 [0.76–1.29];
P
=0.928).

Conclusions—
Despite having more severe strokes on arrival at our hospital, transfer-in patients had similar in-hospital mortality versus front door patients and were more likely to be discharged to rehabilitation. These outcomes lend support to the concept of regionalized stroke care and concentrating patients who are more disabled at more advanced stroke care centers.
Knowledge and Attitudes of European Kosher Consumers as Revealed through Focus Groups
Authors: Bergeaud-Blackler Florence , Zivotofsky Ari Z. , Miele Mara 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
There is a very small, yet important minority within the community of European Union kosher consumers. There is a great deal of research regarding objective aspects of the kosher religious as well as civil laws and their implementation, but comparatively little research about the subjective attitudes, opinions, and concerns of those who actually purchase and consume kosher food. Such information can be important for a variety of interested parties including suppliers, distributors, regulatory agencies, legislators, and certifying agencies as well as religious authorities. We collected relevant data by organizing hour-long Focus Groups (FG) in five European cities and a suburb of Tel Aviv. The FG addressed consumer attitudes related to shopping practices, commitment, trust, and certification as well as their knowledge and opinions regarding nonhuman animal welfare as it relates to shechita (kosher slaughter) and knowledge of the issue of stunning animals at the time of killing. One of the significant findings was a high level of secularization among Jews that translates to a low level of commitment to eating kosher. But this was accompanied by assertions that eating kosher was an important religious obligation and complaints of low availability and high cost. There was a strong feeling, even among those less committed to eating kosher, that shechita was the preferred method of slaughtering an animal (more animal friendly) and a strong suspicion of anti-Semitism as a motivation for any attempt to impose a stunning obligation.
Reproductive stages of the Ponto-Caspian amphipod, Pontogammarus maeoticus (Sowinsky, 1894) (Amphipoda, Pontogammaridae)
Authors: Nazarhaghighi F. , Shabanipour N. , Zarghami M. , Etemadi-Deylami E. 
Published: September 2013

The series of reproductive events in various species of Gammaridae can be described as precopula, copula, egg deposition and fertilization, hatching of the newborn, and the presence of young individuals. The stages of Pontogammarus maeoticus were explored in the laboratory. Amphipod samples were collected on the southwestern coast of the Caspian Sea (Jefrood Beach). The animals were transferred to the laboratory along with sediment from their habitat. The samples were maintained under controlled laboratory conditions at a temperature of 25 ± 1°C, a salinity of 9 ± 0.5‰ and in a 12 : 12 h light/dark regime for about six weeks. In this study, we examined the species’ reproductive sequence. The average time spent in the precopula stage was approx. 2.6 ± 0.91 days and embryonic development took about 8.5 ± 1.1 days. Fecundity was estimated as the number of fertilized eggs existing in the brood pouch of each female (average 14.12). The average length of females was recorded as 12.21 mm. The first precopula was observed about 40 days after hatching. The species has a relatively short reproductive cycle and the generations are able to reproduce after a short period (about 40 days). Hence, this species seems to be a good choice for potential use in aquaculture.
A new stygobiotic species of Diacyclops Kiefer, 1927 (Copepoda, Cyclopidae) from caves in New Mexico, United States
Authors: Suárez-Morales Eduardo , Mercado-Salas Nancy F. , Barlow Rachel 
Published: September 2013

A new species of the freshwater cyclopine copepod genus Diacyclops is described from a North American cave system in SE New Mexico, U.S.A. The new species, D. nikolasarburni n. sp., differs from its congeners by its having of a unique combination of characters including: 17-segmented antennules, three-segmented rami in legs 1-4, a basic 2333 spinal formula with a highly variable pattern, naked inner margin of caudal rami, but dorsal surface with spinules, subequal terminal spines of leg 4 endopod, and inner spine of fifth leg about as long as bearing segment. This species has also a variable length/width ratio of the caudal ramus (4.6-6.0, average 5.0); the lateral caudal seta is inserted on the distal one-quarter of ramus. The 2333 spinal formula was dominant (55%) in the population but other patterns were also present. The new species belongs to Group 1 species of Diacyclops (sensu Reid & Strayer, 1994). The local population of this stygobiotic species probably resulted from radiation-stranding processes of epigean forms of widely distributed Diacyclops and is probably endemic to this cave system.
A new shrub frog in the genus Platymantis (Ceratobatrachidae) from the Nakanai Mountains of eastern New Britain Island, Bismarck Archipelago
Authors: BROWN RAFE M. , RICHARDS STEPHEN J. , Broadhead Taylor S. 
Published: September 2013

We describe a new species of high elevation rainforest shrub frog (genus Platymantis) from the Nakanai Mountains of eastern New Britain (Bismarck Archipelago), Papua New Guinea. The distinctive new species possesses a moderate body size (29.5–32.2 mm in four males), widely expanded finger and toe disks, smooth to slightly granular dorsal skin, low but distinctly protuberant supraocular and tarsal tubercles, a conspicuous series of bright yellow flank areolations, a low but distinct intraocular sagittal crest, bronze-brown iris, and a unique advertisement call. We compare the new species with congeneric New Britain taxa and to other phenotypically similar species from the Solomon-Bismarck-Admiralty archipelagos. The new species is phenotypically most similar to P. macrosceles Zweifel 1975, and has been collected at only one high elevation site (Tompoi Camp). The available data suggest that the new species, known from 1700 m, is elevationally segregated from P. macroscles (to date, only recorded from 800–900 m in the Nakanai Mountains). New Britain Island has emerged as a major center of endemic ceratobatrachid species diversity. Additional species are anticipated to result from ongoing field work, especially in the western portion of the island, which remains largely unexplored.
A randomized trial of a fully covered self-expandable metallic stent versus plastic stents in anastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation
Authors: Kaffes Arthur , Griffin Sean , Vaughan Rhys , James Martin , Chua Tee , Tee Hoi , Dinesen Lotte , Corte Crispin , Gill Raghubinder 
Published: September 2013

Background: Post-liver-transplant biliary anastomotic strictures (ASs) are currently managed with repeated endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCPs) inserting multiple plastic stents. Fully covered self-expanding metal stents (FCSEMSs) are being increasingly reported in the management of this condition, however no prospective randomized trials have been performed to date. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether FCSEMSs decrease overall numbers of ERCPs needed to achieve stricture resolution and to establish the safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness in this setting. Methods: Two tertiary referral centres performed this open-label prospective randomized trial. A total of 32 patients consented and subsequently 20 were randomized with 10 in the FCSEMS arm and 10 in the plastic arm. The FCSEMS arm had the stent in situ for 12 weeks with the plastic stent arm undergoing 3-monthly multiple plastic stenting with or without dilatation over a year. Results: The median number of ERCPs performed per patient in the FCSEMS was 2 versus 4.5 ( p = 0.0001) in the plastic stenting arm. Stricture resolution was achieved in all 10 patients with FCSEMSs compared with 8/10 in the plastic arm [ p = not significant (NS)]. Complications occurred in 1/10 patients in the FCSEMS arm versus 5/10 in the plastic arm ( p = 0.051). Days in hospital for complications was 6 in the FCSEMS versus 56 in the plastic arm ( p = 0.11). Cost analysis shows that the FCSEMS arm was more cost effective. No cases of FCSEMS migration were seen. Conclusions: FCSEMSs reduced the number of ERCPs needed to achieve stricture resolution with similar recurrence rates between arms. The FCSEMSs may do so with fewer complications making it cost effective.
Applications of high-throughput DNA sequencing to benign hematology
Authors: Sankaran Vijay G. , Gallagher Patrick G. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe development of novel technologies for high-throughput DNA sequencing is having a major impact on our ability to measure and define normal and pathologic variation in humans. This review discusses advances in DNA sequencing that have been applied to benign hematologic disorders, including those affecting the red blood cell, the neutrophil, and other white blood cell lineages. Relevant examples of how these approaches have been used for disease diagnosis, gene discovery, and studying complex traits are provided. High-throughput DNA sequencing technology holds significant promise for impacting clinical care. This includes development of improved disease detection and diagnosis, better understanding of disease progression and stratification of risk of disease-specific complications, and development of improved therapeutic strategies, particularly patient-specific pharmacogenomics-based therapy, with monitoring of therapy by genomic biomarkers.
Cytological and molecular characterization of three gametoclones of Citrus clementina
Authors: Germana Maria Antonietta , Aleza Pablo , Carrera Esther , Chen Chunxian , Chiancone Benedetta , Costantino Gilles , Dambier Dominique , Deng Xiuxin , Federici Claire T , Froelicher Yann , Guo Wenwu , Ibáñez Victoria , Juárez José , Kwok Kevin , Luro François , Machado Marcos A , Naranjo Miguel Angel , Navarro Luis , Ollitrault Patrick , Ríos Gabino , Roose Mikeal L , Talon Manuel , Xu Qiang , Gmitter Fred G 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Three gametoclonal plants of Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan., cv. Nules, designated ESP, FRA, and ITA (derived from three labs in Spain, France, and Italy, respectively), were selected for cytological and molecular characterization in order to elucidate genomic rearrangements provoked by haploidization. The study included comparisons of their ploidy, homozygosity, genome integrity, and gene dosage, using chromosome counting, flow cytometry, SSR marker genotyping, and array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (array-CGH).

Results
Chromosome counting and flow cytometry revealed that ESP and FRA were haploid, but ITA was tri-haploid. Homozygous patterns, represented by a single peak (allele), were observed among the three plants at almost all SSR loci distributed across the entire diploid donor genome. Those few loci with extra peaks visualized as output from automated sequencing runs, generally low or ambiguous, might result from amplicons of paralogous members at the locus, non-specific sites, or unexpected recombinant alleles. No new alleles were found, suggesting the genomes remained stable and intact during gametogenesis and regeneration. The integrity of the haploid genome also was supported by array-CGH studies, in which genomic profiles were comparable to the diploid control.

Conclusions
The presence of few gene hybridization abnormalities, corroborated by gene dosage measurements, were hypothetically due to the segregation of hemizygous alleles and minor genomic rearrangements occurring during the haploidization procedure. In conclusion, these plants that are valuable genetic and breeding materials contain completely homozygous and essentially intact genomes.
Inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 increases response to gemcitabine and delays progression of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Venkatasubbarao Kolaparthi , Peterson Lindsay , Zhao Shujie , Hill Ping , Cao Lin , Zhou Qing , Nawrocki Steffan T , Freeman James W 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundAmong the solid tumors, human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the worst prognosis. Gemcitabine is the standard first line of therapy for pancreatic cancer but has limited efficacy due to inherent or rapid development of resistance and combining EGFR inhibitors with this regimen results in only a modest clinical benefit. The goal of this study was to identify molecular targets that are activated during gemcitabine therapy alone or in combination with an EGFR inhibitor.MethodsPDAC cell lines were used to determine molecular changes and rates of growth after treatment with gemcitabine or an EGFR inhibitor, AG1478, by Western blot analysis and MTT assays respectively. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to study the cell cycle progression and rate of apoptosis after gemcitabine treatment. ShRNA was used to knockdown STAT3. Anin vivoorthotopic animal model was used to evaluate STAT3 as a target. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to analyze Ki67 and STAT3 expression in tumors.ResultsTreatment with gemcitabine increased the levels of EGFRTyr1068and ERK phosphorylation in the PDAC cell lines tested. The constitutive STAT3Tyr705phosphorylation observed in PDAC cell lines was not altered by treatment with gemcitabine. Treatment of cells with gemcitabine or AG1478 resulted in differential rate of growth inhibition. AG1478 efficiently blocked the phosphorylation of EGFRTyr1068and inhibited the phosphorylation of down-stream effectors AKT and ERKs, while STAT3Tyr705phosphorylation remained unchanged. Combining these two agents neither induced synergistic growth suppression nor inhibited STAT3Tyr705phosphorylation, thus prompting further studies to assess whether targeting STAT3 improves the response to gemcitabine or AG1478. Indeed, knockdown of STAT3 increased sensitivity to gemcitabine by inducing pro-apoptotic signals and by increasing G1 cell cycle arrest. However, knockdown of STAT3 did not enhance the growth inhibitory potential of AG1478.In vivoorthotopic animal model results show that knockdown of STAT3 caused a significant reduction in tumor burden and delayed tumor progression with increased response to gemcitabine associated with a decrease in the Ki-67 positive cells.ConclusionsThis study suggests that STAT3 should be considered an important molecular target for therapy of PDAC for enhancing the response to gemcitabine.
Sex-specific expression of CTNNB1 in the gonadal morphogenesis of the chicken
Authors: Bae Seung-Min , Lim Whasun , Jeong Wooyoung , Lee Jin-Young , Kim Jinyoung , Bazer Fuller W , Song Gwonhwa 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Beta-catenin (CTNNB1), as a key transcriptional regulator in the WNT signal transduction cascade, plays a pivotal role in multiple biological functions such as embryonic development and homeostasis in adults. Although it has been suggested that CTNNB1 is required for gonad development and maintenance of ovarian function in mice, little is known about the expression and functional role of CTNNB1 in gonadal development and differentiation in the chicken reproductive system.

Methods
To examine sex-specific, cell-specific and temporal expression of CTNNB1 mRNA and protein during gonadal development to maturation of reproductive organs, we collected left and right gonads apart from mesonephric kidney of chicken embryos on embryonic day (E) 6, E9, E14, E18, as well as testes, oviduct and ovaries from 12-week-old and adult chickens and performed quantitative PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical analyses. In addition, localization of Sertoli cell markers such as anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1), cyclin D1 (CCND1) and N-cadherin (CDH2) during testicular development was evaluated.

Results
Results of the present study showed that CTNNB1 mRNA and protein are expressed predominantly in the seminiferous cords on E6 to E14 in the male embryonic gonad, and are mainly localized to the medullary region of female embryonic gonads from E6 to E9. In addition, CTNNB1 mRNA and protein are abundant in the Sertoli cells in the testes and expressed predominantly in luminal epithelial cells of the oviduct, but not in the ovaries from 12-week-old and adult chickens. Concomitant with CTNNB1, AMH, ESR1, CCND1 and CDH2 were detected predominantly in the seminiferous cord of the medullary region of male gonads at E9 (after sex determination) and then maintained or decreased until hatching. Interestingly, AMH, ESR1, CCND1 and CDH2 were located in seminiferous tubules of the testes from 12-weeks-old chickens and ESR1, CCND1 and CDH2 were expressed predominantly in the Sertoli cells within seminiferous tubules of adult testes.

Conclusions
Collectively, these results revealed that CTNNB1 is present in gonads of both sexes during embryonic development and it may play essential roles in differentiation of Sertoli cells during formation of seminiferous tubules during development of the testes.