bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between the Rat Grimace Scale and mechanical hypersensitivity testing in three experimental pain models
Authors: De Rantere D. , Schuster C.J. , Reimer J.N. , Pang D.S.J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe assessment of facial expressions associated with pain has been used to evaluate pain in humans and has recently found application in non‐human mammals. These so called ‘grimace scales’ have the potential to be developed into a widely accepted non‐invasive method of measuring pain in laboratory rodents. Currently, common methodologies to assess pain rely on nociceptive tests that assess stimulus evoked withdrawal responses. These tests, however, are limited to the assessment of a reflexive response without an affective component. This study aimed to use the recently developed Rat Grimace Scale (RGS) and assess its relationship with a conventional nociceptive test (the application of von Frey filaments).MethodsFifty‐two adult, male Wistar rats were randomized to one of five treatment groups: intraplantar carrageenan, intraplantar complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), plantar incision, anaesthetic control and saline injection control. The RGS and response to mechanical hypersensitivity testing was evaluated at predetermined time points before and after treatment until withdrawal responses returned to baseline levels.ResultsThe RGS score significantly increased in all pain models. The peak RGS score also coincided with the development of paw hypersensitivity. However, mechanical hypersensitivity persisted after RGS scores returned to baseline.ConclusionThis study confirms that the three pain models induce pain in rodents and showed that peak pain coincided with peak mechanical hypersensitivity. However, mechanical hypersensitivity remained once pain subsided, mimicking the human experience of CFA injection. These findings further our understanding of the roles of, and relationship between, these assays in the assessment of nociception and pain.
Comparison between rocking analysis and kinematic analysis for the dynamic out‐of‐plane behavior of masonry walls
Authors: Giresini Linda , Fragiacomo Massimo , Lourenço Paulo B. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis paper provides a contribution to the rocking analysis of masonry walls by making a comparison with the kinematic analysis suggested by the Italian code. It is shown that the latter approach is generally over‐conservative and therefore potentially inappropriate for historic buildings, where rehabilitation can be expensive and can affect their cultural value. The equation of motion given by the Housner formulation, corresponding to the movement of a rigid block, is here modified to account for different boundary conditions at different heights of the wall. These boundary conditions or horizontal restraints can represent vaults, transverse walls, or retrofitting devices such as steel tie‐rods. A systemic analysis of walls having different dimensions and slenderness is performed, and the results from the Italian code and rocking analysis are compared. Finally, the improvement in the response offered by retrofitting devices is discussed in terms of reduction of amplitude ratio. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competent Counseling for Middle Eastern American Clients: Implications for Trainees
Authors: Soheilian Sepideh S. , Inman Arpana G. 
Published: July 2015

The authors used a factorial multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to determine whether counselor trainees’ group differences on measures of multicultural competence, empathy, and multicultural counseling self‐efficacy (CSE) when working with Middle Eastern American (MEA) clients were moderated by trainee race. Two hundred and fifty‐six trainees responded to 3 different clinical vignettes that gave information on clients who had varying degrees of MEA characteristics. MANOVA results revealed a significant main effect for trainee race. Follow‐up analyses demonstrated that trainees of color reported higher multicultural competence and multicultural CSE than White trainees.Los autores usaron an análisis factorial multivariante de la varianza (MANOVA, por sus siglas en inglés) para determinar si las diferencias en grupos de consejeros en formación respecto a competencia multicultural, empatía y autoeficacia en consejería (CSE) multicultural al trabajar con clientes americanos con ascendencia de Oriente Medio (MEA) estaban moderadas por la raza del consejero. Doscientos cincuenta y seis consejeros en formación respondieron a 3 viñetas clínicas que ofrecían información sobre clientes que tenían diversos grados de características de MEA. Los resultados del MANOVA revelaron un efecto principal significativo para la raza del consejero. Análisis de seguimiento demostraron que los consejeros de color en formación comunicaron un mayor nivel de competencia multicultural y CSE multicultural que los consejeros blancos.
Characterization of a cypermethrin‐degrading Methylobacterium sp. strain A‐1 and molecular cloning of its carboxylesterase gene
Authors: Diegelmann Corinna , Weber Joachim , Heinzel‐Wieland Regina , Kemme Michael 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA novel mesophilic bacterial strain, designated A‐1, was isolated from microbially contaminated biopolymer microcapsules. The bacterium was able to withstand and grow in liquid cultures supplemented with the pyrethroid cypermethrin in concentrations up to 400 mg L−1. Furthermore, strain A‐1 could use cypermethrin as sole carbon source and could degrade >50% of it in 12 h. Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, the strain A‐1 was identified as Methylobacterium sp., which is the first reported cypermethrin degrader of methylotrophic bacteria. A role for esterase activity in cypermethrin biodegradation was presumed. Therefore, the carboxylesterase gene mse1 was amplified from the Methylobacterium sp. strain A‐1 genome and the resulting 1 kb amplicon cloned into E. coli. Sequence analysis of the mse1‐DNA insert revealed an open reading frame of 633 bp encoding for a putative carboxylesterase of 210 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 22 kDa. The amino acid sequence of the deduced enzyme MsE1 with the catalytic triad Ser106, Asp156, and His187 was found to be similar to that of α/β‐hydrolase fold proteins. The active site Ser106 residue is located in the consensus pentapeptide motif Gly‐X‐Ser‐X‐Gly that is typical of esterases.
The application of δ13C, TOC and C/N geochemistry to reconstruct Holocene relative sea levels and paleoenvironments in the Thames Estuary, UK
Authors: KHAN NICOLE S. , VANE CHRISTOPHER H. , HORTON BENJAMIN P. , HILLIER CAROLINE , RIDING JAMES B. , KENDRICK CHRISTOPHER P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe examined the use of δ13C, TOC and C/N geochemistry of sedimentary organic matter to reconstruct former sea levels and paleoenvironments in the absence of suitable microfossil data. The modern distribution of δ13C, TOC and C/N of 33 vegetation and 74 surface sediment samples collected from four coastal wetlands in the Thames Estuary and Norfolk, UK are described. The δ13C, TOC and C/N geochemistry of sediments varied in relation to the input of in situ vascular vegetation versus allochthonous particulate organic matter and algae, which was controlled primarily by tidal inundation. We reviewed published and unpublished studies to produce an English database of vegetation (n = 257) and sediment (n = 132) δ13C, TOC and C/N geochemistry. Four elevation‐dependent environments in the database had statistically distinct δ13C, TOC and C/N values: (1) tidal flat/low marsh (δ13C: −24.9 ± 1.2‰; TOC: 3.6 ± 1.7%; C/N: 9.9 ± 0.8); (2) middle marsh/high (δ13C: −26.2 ± 1.0‰; TOC: 9.8 ± 6.7%; C/N: 12.1 ± 1.8); (3) reed swamp (δ13C: −27.9 ± 0.7‰: TOC: 36.5 ± 11.5%; C/N: 13.9 ± 1.2); and (4) fen carr (δ13C: −29.0 ± 0.6‰; TOC: 41.6 ± 5.7%; C/N: 17.4 ± 3.1). The δ13C, TOC and C/N geochemistry database was applied to a Holocene sediment core collected from the Thames Estuary to produce three new sea‐level index points and one limiting date, illustrating the utility of δ13C, TOC and C/N values to reconstruct Holocene relative sea levels. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of natural phenolic extract from defatted soybean flour by‐product for stone fruit postharvest application
Authors: Villalobos María del Carmen , Serradilla Manuel Joaquín , Martín Alberto , Ordiales Elena , Ruiz‐Moyano Santiago , Córdoba María de Guía 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDFresh fruit is highly perishable during storage and transport, so there has been growing interest in finding safe and natural antimicrobial compounds as a control tool. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites naturally present in vegetable material and have been associated with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant capacity and potential antimicrobial effect of phenolic extract obtained from defatted soybean flour against selected pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms responsible of fruit decay.RESULTSAnalysis of phenolic composition by HPLC‐MS showed the presence of a wide range of compounds, with isoflavones and phenolic acids the main polyphenols identified. Furthermore, the phenolic extract had important antioxidant activity by two different assays. Related to antimicrobial activity, in vitro experiments demonstrated that phenolic extract displayed a high activity against the main foodborne pathogens, while a moderate inhibition was found against five spoilage yeasts and Monilia laxa and a scarce effect for Penicillium glabrum, Cladosporium uredinicola and Botrytis cinerea. Interestingly these compounds considerably inhibited the mycelial growth of Monilia laxa, in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study revealed that defatted soybean flour is an important source of phenolic compounds with remarkable antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, suggesting the possibility of using them as natural additives in postharvest treatments to extend the shelf life of fruit. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Structural Characteristics of the Allosteric Binding Site Represent a Key to Subtype Selective Modulators of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Authors: Bermudez Marcel , Rakers Christin , Wolber Gerhard 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe high conservation of the orthosteric acetylcholine binding site of muscarinic receptors (MAChR) represents a considerable challenge in terms of designing subtype selective drugs. A promising approach to gain subtype selectivity is to include allosteric or dualsteric targeting that aims to address more specific extracellular binding sites. Despite recent advances in crystallography of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), structural information for all 5 MAChR subtypes is not yet available. Here we report structural models of the active and the inactive receptor state of all subtypes derived by homology modelling in combination with MD simulations. The comparison of the allosteric binding site unveils the characteristics for each subtype on a structural level and indicates anchor points for rational design of selective drugs. Additionally, homology models offer the possibility for a rational explanation of dualsteric subtype selectivity, as we show for the M2 over M5 selectivity of the dualsteric ligands Atr‐6‐naph and Iper‐6‐phth.
CLIP–ASAP‐HSQC for fast and accurate extraction of one‐bond couplings from isotropic and partially aligned molecules
Authors: Becker Johanna , Luy Burkhard 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFast measurement of heteronuclear one‐bond couplings, a class of NMR parameters valuable for structure elucidation, is highly desirable, especially if samples undergo chemical reactions or dynamic processes are observed. Methods presented so far face severe limitations in terms of resolution, accessible bandwidth, and sensitivity. We present the CLean InPhase‐Acceleration by Sharing Adjacent Polarization‐HSQC (CLIP‐ASAP‐HSQC) pulse sequence that allows fast acquisition of spectra with clean inphase multiplets in about 25 s. The performance in terms of accurate extraction of one‐bond couplings is demonstrated on three test samples including partially aligned molecules. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional structure of cyclic antibiotic teicoplanin aglycone using NMR distance and dihedral angle restraints in a DMSO solvation model
Authors: Gonnella Nina C. , Grinberg Nelu , Mcloughlin Mark , Choudhary Om , Fandrick Keith , Ma Shengli 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe three‐dimensional solution conformation of teicoplanin aglycone was determined using NMR spectroscopy. A combination of NOE and dihedral angle restraints in a DMSO solvation model was used to calculate an ensemble of structures having a root mean square deviation of 0.17 Å. The structures were generated using systematic searches of conformational space for optimal satisfaction of distance and dihedral angle restraints. Comparison of the NMR‐derived structure of teicoplanin aglycone with the X‐ray structure of a teicoplanin aglycone analog revealed a common backbone conformation with deviation of two aromatic side chain substituents. Experimentally determined backbone 13C chemical shifts showed good agreement with those computed at the density functional level of theory, providing a cross validation of the backbone conformation. The flexible portion of the molecule was consistent with the region that changes conformation to accommodate protein binding. The results showed that a hydrogen‐bonded DMSO molecule in combination with NMR‐derived restraints together enabled calculation of structures that satisfied experimental data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal harvesting for a stochastic Lotka–Volterra predator‐prey system with jumps and nonselective harvesting hypothesis
Authors: Zou Xiaoling , Wang Ke 
Published: July 2015

SummaryA stochastic Lotka–Volterra predator–prey system driven by both Brownian motion and Poisson counting measure is modeled and studied in this paper. A new ergodic method is proposed to solve the classical optimal harvesting problem. Equivalency between time averaged yield function and sustained yield function is proved by this new approach. The optimal harvesting strategy and the corresponding maximum yield with respect to stationary probability density are obtained. Several examples are taken to show that results in this paper are new even in the deterministic case. The method proposed in this paper can avoid trouble of solving the corresponding partial differential equations, and it can be extended to a more general high‐dimensional case or some other stochastic system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) inhibition promotes expansion of human NK cells which maintain their potent antitumor activity against Ewing sarcoma cells
Authors: Jamitzky Silke , Krueger Andrea‐Caroline , Janneschuetz Saskia , Piepke Stephanie , Kailayangiri Sareetha , Spurny Christian , Rossig Claudia , Altvater Bianca 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundPatients with primary metastatic or relapsed Ewing sarcomas (EwS) have a poor prognosis. While inhibitory insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF‐1R)‐specific antibodies have shown single agent activity in some patients with refractory disease, effective therapeutic targeting will rely on optimal combinations with conventional or innovative therapies. Specifically, combination of inhibitory IGF‐1R antibodies with adoptive transfer of activated natural killer (NK) cells may have therapeutic benefit in EwS without adding toxicity.ProcedureWe investigated the in vitro effects of IGF‐1R targeting on the immunological profile of EwS cells and on the survival and tumor targeting capacity of K‐562‐activated NK cells.ResultsIGF‐1R inhibition reliably reduced EwS cell viability without affecting expression of immune‐modulatory and MHC molecules. In NK cells, we observed a significant superior expansion following in vitro activation in the presence of IGF‐1R‐specific antibodies, while expression of differentiation markers and activating receptors remained unaffected. Activated NK cells coincubated with EwS cells showed potent degranulation responses unaffected by IGF‐1R inhibition. These findings were reproducible in a stimulator cell‐free NK cell expansion system, suggesting that direct effects of IGF‐R1 antibodies on the IGF‐R1 pathway in NK cells induce their activation and expansion.ConclusionsActivated human NK cells respond to IGF‐1R inhibition with superior expansion kinetics while maintaining potent antitumor responses against EwS. Combination of adoptive NK cell transfer with IGF‐1R targeting may be an efficient means to eliminate minimal residual disease after conventional therapy and thereby rescue patients at the highest risk of relapse. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Matching of received social support with need for support in adjusting to cancer and cancer survivorship
Authors: Merluzzi Thomas V. , Philip Errol J. , Yang Miao , Heitzmann Carolyn A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundOptimal matching theory posits that the effects of social support are enhanced when its provision is matched with need for support. We hypothesized that matching received social support with the needs of persons with cancer, and cancer survivors would be related to better psychosocial adjustment than a mismatched condition.MethodIn a cross‐sectional design, sample 1, consisting of 171 cancer patients, and sample 2, consisting of 118 cancer survivors, completed measures of emotional and instrumental received support, physical debilitation, and psychological distress.ResultsThe optimal matching theory model was confirmed; those needing support (i.e., greater physical debilitation), who did not receive it, experienced more distress than those who needed support and received it. Patients in treatment benefited from the matching of need and provision for both emotional and instrumental support, whereas survivors only benefited from the matching of emotional support.ConclusionsThe results suggest that social support is contextualized by the degree of physical impairment and may be somewhat different for cancer patients in treatment compared with cancer survivors. The transition to cancer survivorship may involve a transformation in the need for as well as the type and amount of received social support. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative Study on Infrared Irradiance Emitted from Standard and Real Rocket Motor Plumes
Authors: Kim Min Taek , Song Soonho , Yim Yoo Jin , Jang Myung Wook , Baek Gookhyun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe infrared irradiance signature from exhaust plume is essential for the design of solid rocket motors. To overcome the difficulty of conducting experiments using real rocket motors, experimental studies were carried out to compare standard rocket motors and real rocket motors of the same propellant. The static firing tests on standard and real rocket motors of NEPE and HTPB propellants were conducted. Despite different rocket motor size and methodology of spectro‐radiometric measurement, the spectral characteristics of the infrared irradiance signature for both rocket motors were quite similar. The standard and real rocket motors of HTPB propellant showed similar tendency of steady infrared irradiance emission throughout the combustion, whereas both rocket motors of NEPE propellant showed a rapid emission in the midstream of combustion. The total infrared irradiance of NEPE was about 55 % less than that of HTPB propellant for both standard and real rocket motor experiments. Additionally, the relative amounts of chemical products produced during propellant combustion came out to be similar for both rocket motors. The experimental results indicated that the spectral characteristics of infrared irradiance and combustion products were quite similar for different sized rocket motors of same propellant and that a correlation of infrared irradiance signature exists between small‐sized standard rocket motors and real rocket motors. Thus, the spectral characteristics of real rocket motors could be reasonably estimated from the results of standard rocket motors.
A DCT‐based privacy‐preserving approach for efficient data mining
Authors: Tian Feng , Gui Xiaolin , An Jian , Yang Pan , Zhang Xuejun , Zhao Jianqiang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWith the rapid growth of various data collected by companies and organizations, there is an increasing need for the data owners to share their data with the third party for the purpose of data mining. Therefore, protecting the privacy of the shared data has received considerable attention from academia and industry. However, existing methods do not work well for distance‐based mining algorithms. This paper proposes a novel privacy‐preserving approach to support distance‐based mining algorithms while reducing the shared data size. This approach transforms the shared data to discrete cosine transformation (DCT) coefficients, and adaptively selects DCT coefficients so as to form the compressed coefficient matrix. To enhance data privacy, this approach employs rotation‐based transformation with modified constraints to process the compressed coefficient matrix. Extensive experiments show that the proposed approach achieves the best tradeoff between data privacy and mining quality comparing with other existing ones. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring factors affecting decision outcome and lead time in large‐scale requirements engineering
Authors: Wnuk Krzysztof , Kabbedijk Jaap , Brinkkemper Sjaak , Regnell Björn , Callele David 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLead time, defined as the duration between the moment a request was filed and the moment the decision was made, is an important aspect of decision making in market‐driven requirements engineering. Minimizing lead time allows software companies to focus their resources on the most profitable functionality and enables them to remain competitive within the quickly changing software market. Achieving and sustaining low decision lead time and the resulting high decision efficiency require a better understanding of factors that may affect both decision lead time and outcome. In order to identify possible factors, we conducted an exploratory two‐stage case study that combines the statistical analysis of seven possible relationships among decision characteristics at a large company with a survey of industry participants. Our results show that the number of products affected by a decision increases the time needed to make a decision. Practitioners should take this aspect into consideration when planning for efficient decision making and possibly reducing the complexity of decisions. Our results also show that when a change request originates from an important customer, the request is more often accepted. The results provide input into the discussion of whether a large company should focus on only a few of its large customers and disregard its significantly larger group of small customers. The results provide valuable insights for researchers, who can use them to plan research of decision‐making processes and methods, and for practitioners, who can use them to optimize their decision‐making processes. In future work, we plan to investigate other decision characteristics, such as the number of stakeholders involved in the discussion about the potential change or the number of dependencies between software components. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.