bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pd/Nb2O5/SiO2 Catalyst for the Direct Hydrodeoxygenation of Biomass‐Related Compounds to Liquid Alkanes under Mild Conditions
Authors: Shao Yi , Xia Qineng , Liu Xiaohui , Lu Guanzhong , Wang Yanqin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA simple Pd‐loaded Nb2O5/SiO2 catalyst was prepared for the hydrodeoxygenation of biomass‐related compounds to alkanes under mild conditions. Niobium oxide dispersed in silica (Nb2O5/SiO2) as the support was prepared by the sol–gel method and characterized by various techniques, including N2 adsorption, XRD, NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD), TEM, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDAX) atomic mapping. The characterization results showed that the niobium oxide species were amorphous and well dispersed in silica. Compared to commercial Nb2O5, Nb2O5/SiO2 has significantly more active niobium oxide species exposed on the surface. Under mild conditions (170 °C, 2.5 MPa), Pd/10 %Nb2O5/SiO2 was effective for the hydrodeoxygenation reactions of 4‐(2‐furyl)‐3‐buten‐2‐one (aldol adduct of furfural with acetone), palmitic acid, tristearin, and diphenyl ether (model compounds of microalgae oils, vegetable oils, and lignin), which gave high yields (>94 %) of alkanes with little CC bond cleavage. More importantly, owing to the significant promotion effect of NbOx species on CO bond cleavage and the mild reaction conditions, the CC cleavage was considerably restrained, and the catalyst showed an excellent activity and stability for the hydrodeoxygenation of palmitic acid with almost no decrease in hexadecane yield (94–95 %) in a 150 h time‐on‐stream test.
Effect of Charged Sphere Size on Electrostatic Discharge Generated While Approaching a Stationary Object
Authors: Tomita Hajime 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYThis study experimentally clarified that changing the size of a charged object affects the characteristics of the electrostatic discharge (ESD) that occurs when a charged object moves toward a stationary, grounded object. The spark lengths and discharge currents were measured as charged, metallic, spherical electrodes of different diameters approached a stationary grounded object at different speeds. The charge voltages of the dc high‐voltage power supply were +4.0 kV and +6.5 kV. According to the results, the average spark length tended to shorten with the speed of the spherical electrodes. The change in the average spark length with the speed of the 5.0‐mm‐diameter spherical electrode was faster than that for the 15.9‐mm‐diameter spherical electrode. The average peak value of the first peak of the discharge current for the 5.0‐mm‐diameter spherical electrode was greater than the average value for the 15.9‐mm‐diameter spherical electrode when the approach speed was greater than 5 mm/s for both spherical electrodes. The peak value, rise time, and rising speed of the first peak of the discharge current also correlate with the spark length, and the correlation can be explained qualitatively an the empirical equation deduced from the resistance formula proposed by Rompe and Weizel.
Analysis of Smoothing Effect of Weather in Distribution System on PV Generation
Authors: Matsuda Katsuhiro , Futakami Takafumi , Matsumoto Takuya , Yamane Ken'ichiro , Watanabe Masahiro , Murakoshi Jun 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYThis paper describes the smoothing effect and fluctuations of PV generation for the purpose of voltage management in a distribution system. The purpose of the analysis is to show quantitatively the fluctuations and the smoothing effect of PV generation by weather, using actual generation data from 25 distributed PVs in the distribution area. The analysis showed the impact of weather on PV output fluctuation based on the indexes of coherence and maximum fluctuation. In particular, it showed the relationship between the area size and the PV output fluctuations by frequency. It was found that the two indexes differed with the weather, and fine and cloudy days seemed to be the most difficult situation for voltage management in the distribution system.
Ribonucleotide reductase‐mediated increase in dATP improves cardiac performance via myosin activation in a large animal model of heart failure
Authors: Kadota Shin , Carey John , Reinecke Hans , Leggett James , Teichman Sam , Laflamme Michael A. , Murry Charles E. , Regnier Michael , Mahairas Gregory G. 
Published: April 2015

AimsHeart failure remains a leading cause of morbidity, hospitalizations, and deaths. We previously showed that overexpression of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) in cardiomyocytes increased levels of the myosin activator, 2‐deoxy‐ATP, catalysed enhanced contraction, and improved cardiac performance in rodent hearts. Here we used a swine model of myocardial infarction (MI) to test preliminarily a novel gene therapy for heart failure based on delivery of the human RNR enzyme complex under the control of a cardiac‐specific promoter via an adeno‐associated virus serotype 6 vector—designated as BB‐R12.Methods and resultsWe induced heart failure following MI in Yucatan minipigs by balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Two weeks, later, pigs received BB‐R12 at one of three doses via antegrade coronary infusion. At 2 months post‐treatment, LVEF and systolic LV dimension (measured by echocardiography) improved significantly in the high‐dose group, despite further deterioration in the saline controls. Haemodynamic parameters including LV end‐diastolic pressure, +dP/dt, and –dP/dt all trended towards improvement in the high‐dose group. We observed no difference in the histopathological appearance of hearts or other organs from treated animals vs. controls, nor did we encounter any safety or tolerability concerns following BB‐R12 delivery.ConclusionThese pilot results suggest cardiac‐specific gene therapy using BB‐R12 may reverse cardiac dysfunction by myosin activation in a large‐animal heart failure model with no observed safety concerns. Thus further research into the therapeutic potential of BB‐R12 for patients with chronic heart failure appears warranted.
Connectivity‐based parcellation of the thalamus in multiple sclerosis and its implications for cognitive impairment: A multicenter study
Authors: Bisecco Alvino , Rocca Maria A. , Pagani Elisabetta , Mancini Laura , Enzinger Christian , Gallo Antonio , Vrenken Hugo , Stromillo Maria Laura , Copetti Massimiliano , Thomas David L. , Fazekas Franz , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Barkhof Frederik , De Stefano Nicola , Filippi Massimo ,   MAGNIMS Network
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this multicenter study, we performed a tractography‐based parcellation of the thalamus and its white matter connections to investigate the relationship between thalamic connectivity abnormalities and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS). Dual‐echo, morphological and diffusion tensor (DT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were collected from 52 relapsing‐remitting MS patients and 57 healthy controls from six European centers. Patients underwent an extensive neuropsychological assessment. Thalamic connectivity defined regions (CDRs) were segmented based on their cortical connectivity using diffusion tractography‐based parcellation. Between‐group differences of CDRs and cortico‐thalamic tracts DT MRI indices were assessed. A vertex analysis of thalamic shape was also performed. A random forest analysis was run to identify the best imaging predictor of global cognitive impairment and deficits of specific cognitive domains. Twenty‐two (43%) MS patients were cognitively impaired (CI). Compared to cognitively preserved, CI MS patients had increased fractional anisotropy of frontal, motor, postcentral and occipital connected CDRs (0.002<P<0.02). They also experienced more pronounced atrophy in anterior thalamic regions and abnormal DT MRI indices of all cortico‐thalamic tracts. Damage of specific cortico‐thalamic tracts explained global cognitive dysfunction and impairment of selected cognitive domains better than all other MRI variables. Thalamic CDR DT MRI abnormalities were correlated with abnormalities of the corresponding cortico‐thalamic tracts. Cortico‐thalamic disconnection is, at various levels, implicated in cognitive dysfunction in MS. Thalamic involvement in CI MS patients is likely related to gray matter rather than white matter damage of thalamic subregions. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2809–2825, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reanalyzing Zero Returns to Education in Germany
Authors: Kamhöfer Daniel A. , Schmitz Hendrik 
Published: April 2015

SummaryPischke and von Wachter (Review of Economics and Statistics 2008; 90(3): 592–598) find zero earnings returns to compulsory schooling in the basic school track in Germany. We reanalyze their study using a different dataset. In an extension, we use additional instruments which allow estimation of heterogeneous effects for different groups of compliers. We can confirm the previous result and also find zero returns for other compliers in higher track schools. Moreover, we do not find a causal effect of schooling on cognitive skills. This is in line with a potential reason Pischke & von Wachter (2008) give for their result, namely that basic skills are learned earlier in Germany and additional years of schooling are no longer effective. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aluminium oxide nanoparticles induced morphological changes, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in Chinook salmon (CHSE‐214) cells
Authors: Srikanth Koigoora , Mahajan Amit , Pereira Eduarda , Duarte Armando Costa , Venkateswara Rao Janapala 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAluminium oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) are increasingly used in diverse applications that has raised concern about their safety. Recent studies suggested that Al2O3 NPs induced oxidative stress may be the cause of toxicity in algae, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Caenorhabditis elegans and Danio rerio. However, there is paucity on the toxicity of Al2O3 NPs on fish cell lines. The current study was aimed to investigate Al2O3 NPs induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and morphological abnormality of Chinnok salmon cells (CHSE‐214). A dose‐dependent decline in cell viability was observed in CHSE‐214 cells exposed to Al2O3 NPs. Oxidative stress induced by Al2O3 NPs in CHSE‐214 cells has resulted in the significant reduction of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione in a dose‐dependent manner. However, a significant increase in glutathione sulfo‐transferase and lipid peroxidation was observed in CHSE‐214 cells exposed to Al2O3 NPs in a dose‐dependent manner. Significant morphological changes in CHSE‐214 cells were observed when exposed to Al2O3 NPs at 6, 12 and 24 h. The cells started to detach and appear spherical at 6 h followed by loss of cellular contents resulting in the shrinking of the cells. At 24 h, the cells started to disintegrate and resulted in cell death. Our data demonstrate that Al2O3 NPs induce cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in a dose‐dependent manner in CHSE‐214 cells. Thus, our current work may serve as a base‐line study for future evaluation of toxicity studies using CHSE‐214 cells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loggerhead sea turtle environmental sex determination: Implications of moisture and temperature for climate change based predictions for species survival
Authors: Wyneken Jeanette , Lolavar Alexandra 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIt has been proposed that because marine turtles have environmentally determined sex by incubation temperature, elevated temperatures might skew sex ratios to unsustainable levels, leading to extinction. Elevated temperatures may also reduce availability of suitable nesting sites via sea level rise. Increased tropical storm activity can directly affect nest site moisture, embryonic development, and the probability that nests will survive. Here, we question some of these assumptions and review the limits of sex ratio estimates. Sea turtles may be more resilient to climate change than previously thought, in part because of hitherto unappreciated mechanisms for coping with variable incubation conditions. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 323B:295–314, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automated removal of spurious intermediate cerebral blood flow volumes improves image quality among older patients: A clinical arterial spin labeling investigation
Authors: Shirzadi Zahra , Crane David E. , Robertson Andrew D. , Maralani Pejman J. , Aviv Richard I. , Chappell Michael A. , Goldstein Benjamin I. , Black Sandra E. , MacIntosh Bradley J. 
Published: April 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the impact of rejecting intermediate cerebral blood flow (CBF) images that are adversely affected by head motion during an arterial spin labeling (ASL) acquisition.Materials and MethodsEighty participants were recruited, representing a wide age range (14–90 years) and heterogeneous cerebrovascular health conditions including bipolar disorder, chronic stroke, and moderate to severe white matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin. Pseudocontinuous ASL and T1‐weigthed anatomical images were acquired on a 3T scanner. ASL intermediate CBF images were included based on their contribution to the mean estimate, with the goal to maximize CBF detectability in gray matter (GM). Simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed optimization procedure relative to other ASL postprocessing approaches. Clinical CBF images were also assessed visually by two experienced neuroradiologists.ResultsOptimized CBF images (CBFopt) had significantly greater agreement with a synthetic ground truth CBF image and greater CBF detectability relative to the other ASL analysis methods (P < 0.05). Moreover, empirical CBFopt images showed a significantly improved signal‐to‐noise ratio relative to CBF images obtained from other postprocessing approaches (mean: 12.6%; range 1% to 56%; P < 0.001), and this improvement was age‐dependent (P = 0.03). Differences between CBF images from different analysis procedures were not perceptible by visual inspection, while there was a moderate agreement between the ratings (κ = 0.44, P < 0.001).ConclusionThis study developed an automated head motion threshold‐free procedure to improve the detection of CBF in GM. The improvement in CBF image quality was larger when considering older participants. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1377–1385.
Accidental dropping or misplacement of free flaps
Authors: Wax Mark K. , Futran Neal D. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Blackwell Keith E. , Cannady Steven 
Published: April 2015

Objectives/HypothesisStandard operating procedures have been developed in many surgical practices to ensure quality of care as it relates to specimens removed from the body. Most of these specimens are sent to pathology. Some, such as calvarial bone harvested during craniotomy are replaced in the body. Free tissue transfer involves harvesting tissue from one body site, storage for a variable period of time outside of the body, and then insertion in another location. As with any system there is ample opportunity for accidental “misplacement.” We undertook a multi‐institutional study to examine the incidence, etiology, and opportunity for process improvement.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsA retrospective review was performed at five institutions (8,382 free flaps).ResultsThirteen (0.15%) flaps were dropped or wrapped in a towel/sponge and placed in a waste bucket. Eight radial forearm, three fibula, one latissimus dorsi, and one anterolateral thigh flap were misplaced. All flaps were retrieved, washed in saline/betadine, and implanted into the patient. All flaps survived; no altered outcomes were encountered. The etiology of the misplacement of the free tissue from the sterile field included miscommunication among nursing staff (seven), miscommunication among medical staff (two), and dropping the flap (four). As a result of these events, changes in the handling procedures were instituted including standard labeling methodologies and communication strategies.ConclusionsInadvertent misplacement of free tissue from the sterile field does occur in a sporadic fashion. Process improvement evaluation at all institutions led to improved strategies for prevention. No long‐lasting altered outcomes were encountered.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 125:1807–1810, 2015
Approaching Transnational Social Protection: Methodological Challenges and Empirical Applications
Authors: Barglowski Karolina , Bilecen Başak , Amelina Anna 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTransnational social spaces are multidimensional in terms of the socio‐spatial categories – that is, local, global, and national – and different actors and institutions involved. Recent developments in transnational methodology argue for a thorough reflection on the challenges of methodological nationalism, essentialism, and researchers' positionality. Therefore, in designing and conducting transnational research, reflections on methodological challenges become a crucial step. Yet, as these challenges often remain to be discussed on a methodological level, their implementation still needs to be set out clearly to be useful for empirical research in transnational social spaces such as on social protection. For that reason, we discuss transnational research designs as well as different methods of data collection and analysis. We argue for a multisited and mixed‐method research design, which includes the emigration and the immigration countries, as well as the involvement of research teams located across borders. Thereby, a combination of perspectives between emigration and immigration countries in transnational social spaces can be achieved. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sampled‐data control of nonlinear networked systems with time‐delay and quantization
Authors: Zhang Hao , Feng Gang , Yan Huaicheng , Chen Qijun 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIn this paper, the stabilization problem of a class of nonlinear networked systems with time‐delay and quantization through sampled‐data control is investigated. With sampled‐data control, sufficient conditions to guarantee the trivial solution of the nonlinear networked system to be asymptotically stable without any quantization or with uniform quantization are derived. Finally, an example of a continuous‐time nonlinear system controlled through a digital controller and a communication channel is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concise Review: Energy Metabolites: Key Mediators of the Epigenetic State of Pluripotency
Authors: Moussaieff Arieh , Kogan Natalya M. , Aberdam Daniel 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the metabolic network is an important part of the molecular circuitry that underlies pluripotency. Of the metabolic pathways that were implicated in the pluripotency balance, “energy” metabolism is particularly notable. Its mechanism of action on pluripotency-regulating genes has been partially elucidated when three metabolites, namely acetate, S-adenosylmethionine, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine were recently shown to link cytosolic signals to pluripotent gene expression. The cytosolic levels of these metabolites are the result of environmental perturbations, making them sensitive messengers, which are assumed to diffuse through the nuclear pores, being small molecules. Recent work also suggests that the modulation of the levels of these metabolites in pluripotent cells controls the balance between pluripotency and early commitment via epigenetic modifications. Here, we review recent studies that link metabolism and pluripotency via epigenetic modifications that occur through these three metabolites. Stem Cells 2015;33:2374–2380
Automatic fault localization for client‐side JavaScript
Authors: Ocariza Frolin S. , Li Guanpeng , Pattabiraman Karthik , Mesbah Ali 
Published: April 2015

SummaryJAVASCRIPT is a scripting language that plays a prominent role in web applications today. It is dynamic, loosely typed and asynchronous and is extensively used to interact with the Document Object Model (DOM) at runtime. All these characteristics make JAVASCRIPT code error‐prone; unfortunately, JAVASCRIPT fault localization remains a tedious and mainly manual task. Despite these challenges, the problem has received very limited research attention. This paper proposes an automated technique to localize JAVASCRIPT faults based on dynamic analysis, tracing and backward slicing of JAVASCRIPT code. This technique is capable of handling features of JAVASCRIPT code that have traditionally been difficult to analyse, including eval, anonymous functions and minified code. The approach is implemented in an open source tool called AUTOFLOX, and evaluation results indicate that it is capable of (1) automatically localizing DOM‐related JAVASCRIPT faults with high accuracy (over 96%) and no false‐positives and (2) isolating JAVASCRIPT faults in production websites and actual bugs from real‐world web applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced leavening ability of baker’s yeast by overexpression of SNR84 with PGM2 deletion
Authors: Lin Xue , Zhang Cui-Ying , Bai Xiao-Wen , Xiao Dong-Guang 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Dough-leavening ability is one of the main aspects considered when selecting a baker’s yeast strain for baking industry. Generally, modification of maltose metabolic pathway and known regulatory networks of maltose metabolism were used to increase maltose metabolism to improve leavening ability in lean dough. In this study, we focus on the effects of PGM2 (encoding for the phosphoglucomutase) and SNR84 (encoding for the H/ACA snoRNA) that are not directly related to both the maltose metabolic pathway and known regulatory networks of maltose metabolism on the leavening ability of baker’s yeast in lean dough. The results show that the modifications on PGM2 and/or SNR84 are effective ways in improving leavening ability of baker’s yeast in lean dough. Deletion of PGM2 decreased cellular glucose-1-phosphate and overexpression of SNR84 increased the maltose permease activity. These changes resulted in 11, 19 and 21 % increases of the leavening ability for PGM2 deletion, SNR84 overexpression and SNR84 overexpression combining deleted PGM2, respectively.
Comparative Cost of Stockpiling Various Types of Respiratory Protective Devices to Protect the Health Care Workforce During an Influenza Pandemic
Authors: Baracco Gio , Eisert Sheri , Eagan Aaron , Radonovich Lewis 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSpecific guidance on the size and composition of respiratory protective device (RPD) stockpiles for use during a pandemic is lacking. We explore the economic aspects of stockpiling various types and combinations of RPDs by adapting a pandemic model that estimates the impact of a severe pandemic on a defined population, the number of potential interactions between patients and health care personnel, and the potential number of health care personnel needed to fulfill those needs. Our model calculates the number of the different types of RPDs that should be stockpiled and the consequent cost of purchase and storage, prorating this cost over the shelf life of the inventory. Compared with disposable N95 or powered air-purifying respirators, we show that stockpiling reusable elastomeric half-face respirators is the least costly approach. Disposable N95 respirators take up significantly more storage space, which increases relative costs. Reusing or extending the usable period of disposable devices may diminish some of these costs. We conclude that stockpiling a combination of disposable N95 and reusable half-face RPDs is the best approach to preparedness for most health care organizations. We recommend against stockpiling powered air-purifying respirators as they are much more costly than alternative approaches. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:313-318)