bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health behaviors predicting risk of obesity in US adults: What does a healthy lifestyle look like?
Authors: Vernarelli Jacqueline A. , Kiel Jessica R. , Coleman Christopher D. , Jonnalagadda Satya S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the association between lifestyle factors and body weight in a nationally representative sample of US adults and to evaluate the association between a novel “Healthy Habits Composite Score (HHCS)” and risk of obesity.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included data from 4870 adults who participated in the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The HHCS was developed based on 4 factors: diet, physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep, all of which were measured during the NHANES. A “healthy lifestyle” was defined as meeting ≥3 of the 4 established criteria. Data analysis was conducted using SAS 9.4 and procedures to account for the complex survey design. All models were adjusted for age, sex, race, household income, and education.ResultsAdults with obesity had significantly lower dietary quality (48.8 ± 0.6 vs. 53.2 ± 0.9) and reported significantly more sedentary time (∼1 h more; 356.3 ± 7.0 vs. 301.4 ± 8.3 min) than lean adults, both p < 0.001. Achieving a healthy lifestyle based on the HHCS was associated with nearly double the odds of having a healthy body weight (OR 1.9, p < 0.001).ConclusionsFollowing a lifestyle focused on healthy habits (diet quality, physical activity, limited sedentary time, and sleep) was strongly associated with a decreased risk of obesity: an individual who achieved three or more healthy habits had nearly twice the odds of having a healthy body weight. Therefore, comprehensive interventions that address and promote a wide range of healthy habits may be most effective for lowering obesity risk.
Transverse impacts‐induced deformation and damage of 3D angle‐interlock woven composites at elevated temperatures
Authors: Ren Chunlei , Wei Jingnan , Jia Menglong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper investigated the effect of elevated temperature on the impact‐induced deformation and damage behavior of 3D angle‐interlock woven composites. The transverse impacts were carried out at high temperatures of 90°C and 130°C using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar matched with controlled environmental device. A meso‐scale finite element model considering the thermal‐mechanical coupling has been developed, and the numerical results were compared with the experimental data and high‐speed photography to study the effect of temperature and reinforcement architecture on the dynamic behaviors of the composites. The damage mechanisms at elevated temperatures were studied. Results show that the impact resistance of the 3D angle‐interlock woven composites degraded at the glassy region of the epoxy resin, then enhanced at the glass transition temperature (Tg), this phenomenon became more pronounced in the warp direction. Such behavior should be ascribed to the improved toughness and ductility of the resin matrix. The local plastic deformation of resin before damage slowed down matrix cracking and composites failure. Further, the reinforcement play a key role in the adiabatic heating and plastic deformation of the composites at high temperature.Highlights
The impact test of 3D woven composites was conducted at elevated temperatures.
The high temperature significantly affects the dynamic properties of composites.
The increased toughness and plasticization of resin diminished impact damage.
A mesoscale thermo‐mechanical coupled finite element model was developed.
The reinforcement plays a key role in the damage process and adiabatic heating.
Oligomerization of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 and its effect on methyltransferase activity and substrate specificity
Authors: Rossi Vincent , Nielson Sarah E. , Ortolano Ariana , Lonardo Isabella , Haroldsen Emeline , Comer Drake , Price Owen M , Wallace Nathan , Hevel Joan M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProper protein arginine methylation by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is critical for maintaining cellular health, while dysregulation is often associated with disease. How the activity of PRMT1 is regulated is therefore paramount, but is not clearly understood. Several studies have observed higher order oligomeric species of PRMT1, but it is unclear if these exist at physiological concentrations and there is confusion in the literature about how oligomerization affects activity. We therefore sought to determine which oligomeric species of PRMT1 are physiologically relevant, and quantitatively correlate activity with specific oligomer forms. Through quantitative western blotting, we determined that concentrations of PRMT1 available in a variety of human cell lines are in the sub‐micromolar to low micromolar range. Isothermal spectral shift binding data were modeled to a monomer/dimer/tetramer equilibrium with an EC50 for tetramer dissociation of ~20 nM. A combination of sedimentation velocity and Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis experiments directly confirmed that the major oligomeric species of PRMT1 at physiological concentrations would be dimers and tetramers. Surprisingly, the methyltransferase activity of a dimeric PRMT1 variant is similar to wild type, tetrameric PRMT1 with some purified substrates, but dimer and tetramer forms of PRMT1 show differences in catalytic efficiencies and substrate specificity for other substrates. Our results define an oligomerization paradigm for PRMT1, show that the biophysical characteristics of PRMT1 are poised to support a monomer/dimer/tetramer equilibrium in vivo, and suggest that the oligomeric state of PRMT1 could be used to regulate substrate specificity.
Causality‐inspired crop pest recognition based on Decoupled Feature Learning
Authors: Hu Tao , Du Jianming , Yan Keyu , Dong Wei , Zhang Jie , Wang Jun , Xie Chengjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDEnsuring the efficient recognition and management of crop pests is crucial for maintaining the balance in global agricultural ecosystems and ecological harmony. Deep learning‐based methods have shown promise in crop pest recognition. However, prevailing methods often fail to address a critical issue: biased pest training dataset distribution stemming from the tendency to collect images primarily in certain environmental contexts, such as paddy fields. This oversight hampers recognition accuracy when encountering pest images dissimilar to training samples, highlighting the need for a novel approach to overcome this limitation.RESULTSWe introduce the Decoupled Feature Learning (DFL) framework, leveraging causal inference techniques to handle training dataset bias. DFL manipulates the training data based on classification confidence to construct different training domains and employs center triplet loss for learning class‐core features. The proposed DFL framework significantly boosts existing baseline models, attaining unprecedented recognition accuracies of 95.33%, 92.59%, and 74.86% on the Li, DFSPD, and IP102 datasets, respectively.CONCLUSIONExtensive testing on three pest datasets using standard baseline models demonstrates the superiority of DFL in pest recognition. The visualization results show that DFL encourages the baseline models to capture the class‐core features. The proposed DFL marks a pivotal step in mitigating the issue of data distribution bias, enhancing the reliability of deep learning in agriculture. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Two‐way feedback between the Madden–Julian Oscillation and diurnal warm layers in a coupled ocean–atmosphere model
Authors: Karlowska Eliza , Matthews Adrian J. , Webber Benjamin G. M. , Graham Tim , Xavier Prince 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiurnal warm layers develop in the upper ocean on sunny days with low surface wind speeds. They rectify intraseasonal sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs), potentially impacting intraseasonal weather patterns such as the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO). Here we analyse 15‐lead‐day forecast composites of coupled ocean–atmosphere and atmosphere‐only numerical weather prediction (NWP) models of the UK Met Office to reveal that the presence of diurnal warming of SST (dSST) leads to a faster MJO propagation in the coupled model compared with the atmosphere‐only model. To test the feedback between the MJO and the dSST, we designed a set of experiments with instantaneous vertical mixing over the top 5 or of the ocean component of the coupled model. Weaker dSST in the mixing experiments leads to a slower MJO over 15 lead days. The dSST produces a increase in the MJO phase speed between the coupled and the atmosphere‐only model. An additional increase is found for other coupling effects, unrelated to the dSST. A two‐way feedback manifests in the coupled model over the 15 lead days of the forecast between the MJO and the dSST. The MJO regime dictates the strength of the dSST and the dSST rectifies the intraseasonal anomalies of SST in the coupled model. Stronger dSST in the coupled model leads to stronger intraseasonal anomalies of SST. The MJO convection responds to these SSTs on a seven‐lead‐day timescale, and feeds back into the SST anomalies within the next three lead days. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of high vertical resolution in the upper ocean for predicting the eastward propagation of the MJO in an NWP setting, which is potentially impactful for seasonal predictions and climate projections, should this feedback be unrepresented in the models.
Summer Heatwaves in Southeastern Australia
Authors: Henderson Cameron R. , Reeder Michael J. , Parker Teresa J. , Quinting Julian F. , Jakob Christian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHeatwaves in southeastern Australia have characteristic weather patterns that are well understood but are outnumbered by days with similar synoptic‐scale patterns that are not heatwaves. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to identify the key differences between heatwave and non‐heatwave days from 40 years of reanalysis data. A synoptic climatology of seven weather states was constructed by ‐means cluster analysis. Four of these states account for more than 80% of heatwave days across south‐and‐central eastern Australia. Moreover, the spatial maxima in the frequency of the heatwave days are distinct and geographically separated. Heatwave days have a stronger upper anticyclone or ridge that has propagated further equatorward in comparison with non‐heatwave days. The air upstream of the ridge is more humid on heatwave days, whereas downstream of the ridge the air is much drier. These dry anomalies are co‐located with midtropospheric subsidence and the moist anomalies with ascent, and their respective spatial distributions are consistent with regions of adiabatic warming and latent heating identified in recent studies of southeast Australian heatwaves. The corresponding vertical motion on non‐heatwave days is weaker and shifted further poleward. Southeast Queensland heatwave days exhibit increased baroclinicity over the Australian Subtropics and reduced rainfall over Queensland. Further south and west, heatwave days are associated with more amplified Rossby waves and increased rainfall over the Australian Tropics. Anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking is greatly enhanced on heatwave days south of 30°S. For every day in each of these four weather states, the 3‐day‐mean maximum temperature in the region of peak heatwave day frequency is positively correlated with 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies on the equatorward flank of the cluster‐mean upper ridge. These findings underline the importance of equatorward Rossby wave propagation in the dynamics of southeast Australian heatwaves.
Spatio‐temporal distribution of adult Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus relative to habitat fragmentation
Authors: Anlauf‐Dunn Kara J. , Clemens Benjamin J. , Falcy Matthew R. , Zambory Courtney 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus), a fish species native to the Pacific Northwest (USA), have distinctive cultural and ecological value but determining their spatial and temporal distribution is challenging due to a general lack systematic monitoring. In this study, we used counts of Pacific lamprey redds to model the probability of occurrence and abundance of Pacific lamprey based on environmental covariates including artificial barriers, assuming higher predicted lamprey redds translates to more suitable spawning habitats. Using generalized linear mixed zero‐inflated models, results suggest that Pacific lamprey abundance was generally lower in high gradient streams, further from the ocean. Stream reaches with warmer spring water temperatures and greater historical median spring flows supported higher abundances. Lamprey occurrence was primarily influenced by spring water temperatures and distance from the ocean. We further observed that when streams warm beyond 18°C, confidence intervals around the abundance estimates widen and zero‐inflation increases, indicating a decrease in occurrence. One objective of the study was to recommend where barrier removal or restoration should be prioritized to increase passage and thus access to upstream habitats. We considered artificial barriers to primarily influence the probability of occurrence through access. The barrier variable in this model had a negative effect on the probability of lamprey occurrence, but it was not a strong predictor in the model. While we are not able to suggest specific locations that would most benefit barrier removal or improvement based on these model results, we can identify the watersheds with a higher probability to support Pacific lamprey and provide potential additional habitats by improving habitat connectivity. Focusing restoration and/ or removal of barriers on watersheds in the Mid‐South region of the Oregon Coast (i.e., Alsea, Siuslaw, Coos, Coquille, and Sixes rivers) with higher habitat suitability could prioritize use of limited funds, increase the probability of benefiting Pacific lamprey, and potentially other native lampreys and migratory (e.g., salmon, steelhead; Oncorhynchus) species. Although this manuscript focuses on the Oregon Coast region, the methods are transferrable to other regions where Pacific lamprey are present.
Biomass and Transparent Supramolecular Elastomers for Green Electronics Enabled by the Controlled Growth and Self‐Assembly of Dynamic Polymer Networks
Authors: Wu Zhaolin , Wang Xiufen , Zhang Liqun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDetermining the optimal method for preparing supramolecular materials remains a profound challenge. This process requires a combination of renewable raw materials to create supramolecular materials with multiple functions and properties, including simple fabrication, sustainability, a dynamic nature, good toughness, and transparency. In this work, a strategy is presented for toughening supramolecular networks based on solid‐phase chain extension. This toughening strategy is simple and environmentally friendly. In addition, a series of biobased elastomers are designed and prepared with adjustable performance characteristics. This strategy can significantly improve the transparency, tensile strength, and toughness of the synthesized elastomer. The synthesized biobased elastomers have great ductility, repairability, and recyclability, and they show good adhesion and dielectric properties. A biobased ionic skin is assembled from these biobased elastomers. Assembled ionic skin can sensitively detect external stimuli (such as stretching, bending, compression, or temperature changes) and monitor human movement. The conductive and dielectric layers of the biobased ionic skin are both obtained from renewable raw materials. This research provides novel molecular design approaches and material selection methods for promoting the development of green electronic devices and biobased elastomers.
How Adam Smith's banking views influenced Hamilton, Jefferson, and the debate over the Bank of the United States
Authors: Curott Nicholas A. , White Lawrence H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe most sophisticated monetary and banking policy advice available in the decades after 1776 was found in Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations. Smith recommended free competition among nationwide banks of issue with minimal legal restrictions and no legal privileges. Yet neither Alexander Hamilton nor Thomas Jefferson accepted Smith's recommendation, despite their familiarity with his arguments, and despite Scotland's positive experience while following it. We spell out Hamilton's and Jefferson's theoretical disagreements, and explain how Smith's advice did not serve either founder's political agenda. For Hamilton, competitive banking without a single privileged national bank would not do enough to strengthen the federal government. For Jefferson, any federal chartering of banks would strengthen the federal government too much at the expense of the states.
A scratch below a system's surface
Authors: Georgiou Ion 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderlying a complex system is an intricate network that encodes the interactions between the system's components. Consequently, understanding of, and effective action upon, a complex system requires exploration and analysis of its underlying network. Recent published research on teaching/training social network analysis gives rise to at least four contributions of relevance to systems research. A synergistic advantage is perceptible, proportional to the methodical and deliberated incorporation of social network analysis into systems research education and training.
Experimental study on the reinforced concrete beams with varied stirrup reinforcement ratio under static and impact loads
Authors: Gu Jianxiao , Li Liancheng , Huang Xin , Chen Hui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the increasing utilization of reinforced concrete (RC) beams in eco‐friendly and fast‐paced construction practices, evaluating their impact performance becomes imperative. These beams are susceptible to unforeseen impact loads resulting from accidents or terrorist incidents throughout their service lifespan. Five groups of RC beams, each subjected to different curing periods, stirrup reinforcement, and drop hammer heights, were fabricated. Among these groups, one underwent static load testing, while the remaining groups were subjected to impact load testing utilizing the drop hammer test system. The failure modes, static response, dynamic response, and energy dissipation of RC beams were analyzed. Static tests revealed that RC beams exhibited a flexure‐governed failure mode with top surface concrete crushing, aligning with expectations. With increased stirrup reinforcement ratios, shear and flexural‐shear cracks during impact tests decreased, with high impact loads causing diagonal shear failure, severe concrete crushing, additional diagonal shear cracks, and a broader crack distribution. Higher drop hammer heights were found to increase overall energy dissipation, whereas increased stirrup reinforcement ratios resulted in moderate decrease. Specifically, the overall energy dissipation increased with higher drop hammer heights. Conversely, an increase in the stirrup reinforcement ratio was linked to a certain degree of decrease in overall energy dissipation.
Evaluating water security in sub‐Saharan Africa: Examining a case study of water supply inventory, accessibility, and predictability on Iwo, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunbode Timothy O. , Oyebamiji Victor O. , Akinkuolie A. Timothy , Adekiya O. Aruna , Oyelami A. Ayobami , Taiwo T. Mary , Ademola Oladokun T. , Ogundele A. John , Ologunagba M. Modupe , Awolola O. Victor , Abidogun A. Michael , Paul Ifabiyi I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe security of nations concerning water accessibility by 2030 is under threat due to climate change, potentially hindering global targets outlined in SDG 6. This study assesses the water security of the sub‐Saharan region, focusing on Iwo, Nigeria. Surveys on household water sources, availability, and use were conducted across 12 months among 937 households. Climatic data spanning 31 years (1992–2022) from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency were analyzed for water supply evaluation. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were applied to the datasets. Results revealed a predominant 95% involvement of female heads and individuals above 18 years old. Notably, 92.7% spent less than 10 min obtaining water, with 90.5% not paying water tariffs, indicating a predominantly domestic water use pattern, reflecting the agrarian nature of the study area. Analysis of climatic data highlighted water loss during dry season months and previously rainy months (March, April, and August), confirming climate change manifestations. Household water use consistently exceeded supply, ranging from 348.9 to 444.6 L/month, with a per capita value of 148.6 L (4.95 L/day) falling below the WHO recommendation of 10 to 20 L/day. Regression analysis identified three significant predictive models at p < .005, with Model 3 showing a notable predictability (R value of 42.3 at p < .005 and SE of ±79.05941), and it encompasses more of the variables analyzed. The generally low R value suggests the consideration of additional variables for model validity. Urgent and intentional efforts are required to exploit abundant surface water resources for enhanced justice in water accessibility in aligning with the SDG 6 target.
Exploring the Benefits of a New Force Enabler: Defense AI in Italy
Authors: Gilli Andrea , Gilli Mauro , Zaccagnini Ivan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractItaly is striving to bridge its gap in defense Artificial Intelligence (AI) despite being a latecomer in the field. This pursuit aligns with broader efforts towards digitalization and modernization, particularly within its Armed Forces. Acknowledging AI’s potential benefits and threats, Italy emphasizes human involvement in decision-making processes while advancing modernization initiatives. Italy sees defense AI as a force multiplier, enhancing Armed Forces capabilities through sensor sophistication, automation, data fusion, and decision-making support.The commitment to modernize dates back to the early 2000s, notably with the Forza NEC program launched in 2007. Aimed at integrating military assets into a network-centric framework by 2031, this initiative seeks to enhance computation, communication, and situational awareness. In 2021, the Ministry of Defense allocated €190M for AI development until 2035, marking a significant investment exclusively focused on defense AI. However, several programs, including the ambitious Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP) and Robotics and Autonomous Systems Experimentation Campaign (RAS), are going to involve AI technologies.The Italian Armed Forces collaborate and synergize on their key projects with the country’s whole AI ecosystem, which includes academic institutions, civil and military research labs, startups, and private and public high-tech companies. In addition, most Italian defense AI development projects are designed to optimize resources while also ensuring integrability and interoperability among its Armed Forces branches as well as NATO allies and platforms—this is also true for AI and training. The Italian Armed Forces have set their key goals for 2035, but it remains to be seen if they will be able to accomplish them by that year.