bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of achieved paternity on quality of life in testicular cancer survivors
Authors: Stoehr Brigitte , Schachtner Lydia , Pichler Renate , Holzner Bernhard , Giesinger Johannes , Oberguggenberger Anne , Leonhartsberger Nicolai , Horninger Wolfgang , Steiner Hannes 
Published: October 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?It is known that testicular cancer, as with any malignancy, influences many different aspects of quality of life and that surgical treatment and chemotherapy negatively influence male fertility.The study shows the importance of achieved paternity in those testicular cancer survivors with a declared wish to father a child. The study used a QoL questionnaire EORTC QLQ‐TC 26 to supplement the existing QoL questionnaire QLQ‐C30 of the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer in patients with cancer.OBJECTIVE
To investigate the influence of achieved/non‐achieved paternity on quality of life (QoL) in testicular cancer (TC) survivors.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We invited TC survivors treated at our department between 1989 and 2006 to complete a QoL assessment, including the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL questionnaire, EORTC QLQ‐C30 (version 3.0©)/+ TC26, and follow‐up questions.
A total of 311 TC survivors answered the questionnaire, of whom 207 patients who did not desire paternity were excluded. The remaining 104 patients who stated a desire for paternity after TC treatment were further divided in group A (TC survivors who achieved paternity; n= 51) and group B (TC survivors who did not achieve paternity; n= 53).
The data obtained were statistically analysed.
RESULTS
Significant differences between groups regarding QoL were detected for social functioning (P= 0.002), emotional functioning (P= 0.001), general QoL (P= 0.018), fatigue (P= 0.025), pain (P= 0.01), sleeping problems (P= 0.024), treatment satisfaction (P= 0.039), financial aspects (P= 0.006), sexual problems (P= 0.017), body image problems (P< 0.001), dyspnoea (P= 0.005) and cognitive functioning (P= 0.019).
For all scales except ‘sexual enjoyment’, patients in group A were found to have a better long‐term QoL than those in group B.
CONCLUSIONS
Whilst acknowledging the shortcomings in retrospective analyses, we believe our data clearly underline the important impact on QoL for TC survivors of achieved paternity.
Counselling patients early at diagnosis as well as using cryopreservation of semen in all potential patients before treatment (only excluding patients definitely claiming they do not wish to achieve paternity) should therefore be regarded as the standard of care.
Chimpanzees and bonobos exhibit divergent spatial memory development
Authors: Rosati Alexandra G. , Hare Brian 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSpatial cognition and memory are critical cognitive skills underlying foraging behaviors for all primates. While the emergence of these skills has been the focus of much research on human children, little is known about ontogenetic patterns shaping spatial cognition in other species. Comparative developmental studies of nonhuman apes can illuminate which aspects of human spatial development are shared with other primates, versus which aspects are unique to our lineage. Here we present three studies examining spatial memory development in our closest living relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (P. paniscus). We first compared memory in a naturalistic foraging task where apes had to recall the location of resources hidden in a large outdoor enclosure with a variety of landmarks (Studies 1 and 2). We then compared older apes using a matched memory choice paradigm (Study 3). We found that chimpanzees exhibited more accurate spatial memory than bonobos across contexts, supporting predictions from these species’ different feeding ecologies. Furthermore, chimpanzees – but not bonobos – showed developmental improvements in spatial memory, indicating that bonobos exhibit cognitive paedomorphism (delays in developmental timing) in their spatial abilities relative to chimpanzees. Together, these results indicate that the development of spatial memory may differ even between closely related species. Moreover, changes in the spatial domain can emerge during nonhuman ape ontogeny, much like some changes seen in human children.
Influence of bilingualism on memory generalization during infancy
Authors: Brito Natalie , Barr Rachel 
Published: October 2012

AbstractVery few studies have examined the cognitive advantages of bilingualism during the first two years of development, and a majority of the studies examining bilingualism throughout the lifespan have focused on the relationship between multiple languages and cognitive control. Early experience with multiple language systems may influence domain‐general processes, such as memory, that may increase a bilingual child’s capacity for learning. In the current study, we found that bilingual, but not monolingual, infants were able to generalize across cues at 18 months. This is the first study to show a clear bilingual advantage in memory generalization, with more equal or balanced exposure to each language significantly predicting ability to generalize.A video abstract of this article can be viewed athttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31QsMqYtGGo&feature=plcp
Beyond the body mass index: tracking body composition in the pathogenesis of obesity and the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Müller M. J. , Lagerpusch M. , Enderle J. , Schautz B. , Heller M. , Bosy‐Westphal A. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryBody composition is related to various physiological and pathological states. Characterization of individual body components adds to understand metabolic, endocrine and genetic data on obesity and obesity‐related metabolic risks, e.g. insulin resistance. The obese phenotype is multifaceted and can be characterized by measures of body fat, leg fat, liver fat and skeletal muscle mass rather than by body mass index. The contribution of either whole body fat or fat distribution or individual fat depots to insulin resistance is moderate, but liver fat has a closer association with (hepatic) insulin resistance. Although liver fat is associated with visceral fat, its effect on insulin resistance is independent of visceral adipose tissue. In contrast to abdominal fat, appendicular or leg fat is inversely related to insulin resistance. The association between ‘high fat mass + low muscle mass’ (i.e. ‘sarcopenic adiposity’) and insulin resistance deserves further investigation and also attention in daily clinical practice. In addition to cross‐sectional data, longitudinal assessment of body composition during controlled under‐ and overfeeding of normal‐weight healthy young men shows that small decreases and increases in fat mass are associated with corresponding decreases and increases in insulin secretion as well as increases and decreases in insulin sensitivity. However, even under controlled conditions, there is a high intra‐ and inter‐individual variance in the changes of (i) body composition; (ii) the ‘body composition–glucose metabolism relationship’ and (iii) glucose metabolism itself. Combining individual body components with their related functional aspects (e.g. the endocrine, metabolic and inflammatory profiles) will provide a suitable basis for future definitions of a ‘metabolically healthy body composition’.
Impaired protein metabolism: interlinks between obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation
Authors: Guillet C. , Masgrau A. , Walrand S. , Boirie Y. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryMetabolic and structural changes in skeletal muscle that accompany obesity are often associated with the development of insulin resistance. The first events in the pathogenesis of this disorder are considered as an accumulation of lipids within skeletal muscle due to blunted muscle capacity to oxidize fatty acids. Fat infiltration is also associated with muscle fibre typology modification, decrease in muscle mass and impairments in muscle strength. Thus, as a result of obesity, mobility and quality of life are affected, and this is in part due to quantitative and qualitative impairments in skeletal muscle. In addition, the insulin resistance related to obesity results not only in defective insulin‐stimulated glucose disposal but has also detrimental consequences on protein metabolism at the skeletal muscle level and whole‐body level. This review highlights the involvement of fat accumulation and insulin resistance in metabolic disorders occurring in skeletal muscle during the development of obesity, and the impairments in the regulation of protein metabolism and protein turnover in the links between obesity, metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance.
The adipose organ: white‐brown adipocyte plasticity and metabolic inflammation
Authors: Smorlesi A. , Frontini A. , Giordano A. , Cinti S. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryWhite adipocytes can store energy, whereas brown adipocytes dissipate energy for thermogenesis. These two cell types with opposing functions are contained in multiple fat depots forming the adipose organ. In this review, we outline the plasticity of this organ in physiological (cold exposure, physical exercise and lactation) and pathological conditions (obesity). We also highlight molecules and signalling pathways involved in the browning phenomena of white adipose tissue. This phenotypic change has proved to be effective in the protection against the metabolic disorders associated to obesity and diabetes, not only because brown adipocytes are more ‘healthy’ than white adipocytes, but also because the simple size reduction of white adipocytes that characterizes the first steps of transdifferentiation can be useful in determining how to avoid triggering death based on critical size and the consequent chronic low‐grade inflammation due to macrophage infiltration. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms at the basis of white‐brown transdifferentiation can be extremely useful to exploit new therapeutic strategies to combat the increasing incidence of metabolic diseases.
Core temperature: a forgotten variable in energy expenditure and obesity?
Authors: Landsberg L. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryA substantial proportion of energy expenditure is utilized for maintenance of the ‘warm‐blooded’ or homoeothermic state. In normally active humans, this compartment of energy output approximates 40% of total energy expenditure. Many mammalian species utilize regulated decreases in temperature, such as hibernation or shallow torpor, as a means of energy conservation. Inherited forms of rodent obesity (ob/ob mouse, fa/fa rat) have lower core temperatures and withstand cold poorly. Obese humans, however, have normal core temperatures. This review addresses the role of core temperature in the metabolic economy of the obese state and raises the possibility that (i) lower temperatures may contribute to the increase in metabolic efficiency that accompanies weight loss in the obese; and (ii) that lower core temperatures may have initiated weight gain in the pre‐obese state and that the normal temperatures in the obese may represent metabolic compensation to restore energy balance and limit further weight gain.
Assumed infectiousness, treatment adherence and sexual behaviours: applying the Swiss Statement on infectiousness to HIV‐positive alcohol drinkers
Authors: Kalichman SC , Grebler T , Amaral CM , McKerey M , White D , Kalichman MO , Cherry C , Eaton L 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesThe success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection is now being turned towards HIV prevention. The Swiss Federal Commission for HIV/AIDS has declared that HIV‐positive persons who are treated with ART, have an undetectable viral load, and are free of co‐occurring sexually transmitted infections (STIs) should be considered noninfectious for sexual transmission of HIV. This study examined the implications of these assumptions in a sample of HIV‐positive individuals who drink alcohol.MethodsPeople living with HIV/AIDS (n = 228) were recruited through community sampling. They completed confidential computerized interviews and underwent monthly unannounced pill counts for ART adherence. HIV viral loads were obtained from medical records.ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐five HIV‐positive drinkers were currently receiving ART and 43 were untreated. Among those receiving ART, one in three were not virally suppressed and one in five had recently been diagnosed with an STI. Adherence was generally suboptimal, including among those assumed to be less infectious. As many as one in four participants reported engaging in unprotected intercourse with an HIV‐uninfected partner in the past 4 months. There were few associations between assumed infectiousness and sexual practices.ConclusionsLess than half of people who drank alcohol and took ART met the Swiss criteria for noninfectiousness. Poor adherence and prevalent STI threaten the long‐term potential of using ART for prevention. In the absence of behavioral interventions, the realities of substance use and other barriers call into question the use of ART as prevention among alcohol drinkers.
Admission base excess as a predictor of transfusion requirement and mortality in dogs with blunt trauma: 52 cases (2007–2009)
Authors: Stillion Jenefer R. , Fletcher Daniel J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the ability of admission base excess (ABE) to predict blood transfusion requirement and mortality in dogs following blunt trauma.DesignRetrospective study 2007–2009.SettingUniversity Veterinary Teaching Hospital.AnimalsFifty‐two dogs admitted to the intensive care unit for treatment following blunt trauma.Measurements and main resultsAnimals requiring red blood cell transfusion (N = 8) had significantly lower ABE than those not requiring transfusion (N = 44; median base excess [BE] = −8.4 versus −4.7, P = .0034), while there was no difference in admission packed cell volume (PCV) or age. Animals that died or were euthanized due to progression of signs (N = 5) had lower median ABE than those that survived (N = 47; median BE = −7.3 versus −4.9, P = 0.018). Admission PCV and age were not significantly different between survivors and nonsurvivors. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed an ABE cutoff of −6.6 was 88% sensitive and 73% specific for transfusion requirement (P < 0.001), and a cutoff of −7.3 was 81% sensitive and 80% specific for survival (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that ABE was a predictor of transfusion requirement that was independent of overall severity of injury as measured by the Animal Triage Trauma (ATT) score, but a similar analysis showed that only ATT was an independent predictor of survival.ConclusionsThe ABE in dogs with blunt trauma was a predictor of mortality and blood transfusion requirement within 24 hours.
Population Trends in Pacific Oceanic Sharks and the Utility of Regulations on Shark Finning
Authors: Clarke Shelley C. , Harley Shelton J. , Hoyle Simon D. , Rice Joel S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAccurate assessment of shark population status is essential for conservation but is often constrained by limited and unreliable data. To provide a basis for improved management of shark resources, we analyzed a long‐term record of species‐specific catches, sizes, and sexes of sharks collected by onboard observers in the western and central Pacific Ocean from 1995 to 2010. Using generalized linear models, we estimated population‐status indicators on the basis of catch rate and biological indicators of fishing pressure on the basis of median size to identify trends for blue (Prionace glauca), mako (Isurus spp.), oceanic whitetip (Carcharhinus longimanus), and silky (Carcharhinus falciformis) sharks. Standardized catch rates of longline fleets declined significantly for blue sharks in the North Pacific (by 5% per year [CI 2% to 8%]), for mako sharks in the North Pacific (by 7% per year [CI 3% to 11%]), and for oceanic whitetip sharks in tropical waters (by 17% per year [CI 14% to 20%]). Median lengths of silky and oceanic whitetip sharks decreased significantly in their core habitat, and almost all sampled silky sharks were immature. Our results are consistent with results of analyses of similar data sets. Combined, these results and evidence of targeted fishing for sharks in some regional fisheries heighten concerns for sustainable utilization, particularly for oceanic whitetip and North Pacific blue sharks. Regional regulations that prohibit shark finning (removal of fins and discarding of the carcass) were enacted in 2007 and are in many cases the only form of control on shark catches. However, there is little evidence of a reduction of finning in longline fisheries. In addition, silky and oceanic whitetip sharks are more frequently retained than finned, which suggests that even full implementation of and adherence to a finning prohibition may not substantially reduce mortality rates for these species. We argue that finning prohibitions divert attention from assessing whether catch levels are sustainable and that the need for management of sharks should not be addressed by measures that are simple to implement but complex to enforce and evaluate.Tendencias Poblacionales de Tiburones del Océano Pacífico y la Utilidad de Regulaciones sobre Cercenamiento de Aletas
A pilot clinical study of hair grafting in chronic leg ulcers
Authors: Jiménez Francisco , Garde Carmen , Poblet Enrique , Jimeno Begoña , Ortiz Jesús , Martínez María L. , Gutiérrez‐Rivera Araika , Pérez‐López Virginia , Etxaniz Usue , Naveda Corina , Higuera José L. , Egüés Nerea , Escario Eduardo , Izeta Ander 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEpidermal sheets spread centrifugally postinjury from the hair follicle infundibulum to reepithelialize the wound bed. Healing progresses faster in skin areas rich in terminal hair follicles. These observations are consistent with the role of the hair follicle as a major reservoir for progenitor cells. To evaluate the feasibility and potential healing capacity of autologous scalp follicular grafts transplanted into the wound bed of chronic leg ulcers, 10 patients with ulcers of an average 36.8 cm2 size and a 10.5‐year duration were included in this pilot study. Within each ulcer we randomly assigned a 2 × 2 cm “experimental” square to receive 20 hair grafts and a nongrafted “control” square of equal size. The procedure seemed to be safe, although major unrelated complications occurred in two patients. At the 18‐week end point, we observed a 27.1% ulcer area reduction in the experimental square as compared with 6.5% in the control square (p = 0.046) with a maximum 33.5% vs. 9.7% reduction at week 4 (p = 0.007). Histological analyses showed enhanced epithelialization, neovascularization, and dermal reorganization. We conclude that terminal hair follicle grafting into wound beds is feasible in an outpatient setting and represents a promising therapeutic alternative for nonhealing chronic leg ulcers.
Low‐energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy enhances skin wound healing in diabetic mice: A critical role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Hayashi Denso , Kawakami Kazuyoshi , Ito Kenta , Ishii Keiko , Tanno Hiromasa , Imai Yoshimichi , Kanno Emi , Maruyama Ryoko , Shimokawa Hiroaki , Tachi Masahiro 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLow‐energy extracorporeal shock wave (LE‐ESW) treatment has been shown to accelerate wound repair; however, the mechanisms of treatment remain unclear. In the present study, we addressed the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). A single LE‐ESW treatment accelerated the healing of wounds in diabetic mice caused by the injection of streptozotocin. This accelerated healing was accompanied by the increased expression of eNOS and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the generation of new vessels at the wound tissues. These results raised the possibility that eNOS may be involved in the beneficial effects of LE‐ESW treatment. To address this possibility, we compared the effects of this treatment between mice with a genetic disruption of eNOS knockout (eNOS‐KO mice) and wild‐type (WT) control mice. Interestingly, the LE‐ESW‐induced acceleration of wound closure and the increase in VEGF expression and neovascularization was significantly attenuated in eNOS‐KO mice compared with WT mice. Considered collectively, these results showed that eNOS was induced at the wound tissues by LE‐ESW treatment and played a critical role in the therapeutic effects of this treatment by accelerating the wound healing by promoting VEGF expression and neovascularization.
Branchiooculofacial Syndrome and Bilateral Ectopic Thymus: Report of a Family
Authors: Loh James , El‐Hakim Hamdy , Sergi Consolato Maria , Fiorillo Loretta 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBranchiooculofacial syndrome (BOFS) is a rare autosomal‐dominant condition characterized by branchial cleft sinus and ophthalmologic and craniofacial abnormalities that can range from mild to severe forms. Ectopic thymus, an uncommon condition with just over 100 cases reported in the literature, is seen in BOFS. We report a family with BOFS affecting the mother and two daughters, showing the dominant inheritance and variable phenotypical expression of BOFS.
Road Test and Naturalistic Driving Performance in Healthy and Cognitively Impaired Older Adults: Does Environment Matter?
Authors: Davis Jennifer D. , Papandonatos George D. , Miller Lindsay A. , Hewitt Scott D. , Festa Elena K. , Heindel William C. , Ott Brian R. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesTo relate the standardized road test to video recordings of naturalistic driving in older adults with a range of cognitive impairment.DesignCross‐sectional observational study.SettingAcademic medical center memory disorders clinic.ParticipantsOne hundred three older drivers (44 healthy, 59 with cognitive impairment) who passed a road test.MeasurementsError rate and global ratings of safety (pass with and without recommendations, marginal with restrictions or training, or fail) made by a professional driving instructor.ResultsThere was fair agreement between global ratings on the road test and naturalistic driving. More errors were detected in the naturalistic environment, but this did not affect global ratings. Error scores between settings were significantly correlated, and the types of errors made were similar. History of crashes corrected for miles driven per week was related to road test error scores but not naturalistic driving error scores. Global cognition (Mini‐Mental State Examination) was correlated with road test and naturalistic driving errors. In healthy older adults, younger age was correlated with fewer errors on the road test and more errors in naturalistic driving.ConclusionRoad test performance is a reasonable proxy for estimating fitness to drive in older individuals' typical driving environments, but differences between performance assessed using these two methods remain poorly understood and deserve further study.