bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequent Usage of Tributaries by the Endangered Fishes of the Upper Colorado River Basin: Observations from the San Rafael River, Utah
Authors: Bottcher Jared L. , Walsworth Timothy E. , Thiede Gary P. , Budy Phaedra , Speas David W. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The importance of main-stem rivers and major tributaries to endangered Colorado River fishes is well documented, but the use and significance of small tributary streams remains poorly understood. Historically, these fishes probably used smaller tributaries for spawning, rearing, feeding, and refuge. Currently, the proliferation of nonnative species and altered flows may have affected tributary use by endangered fishes. In February 2008 and 2009, we installed a PIT-tag passive interrogation array (PIA) in the San Rafael River, Utah, approximately 2 km upstream from the confluence with the Green River, and another PIA approximately 60 km upstream from the Green River confluence. Using passive detections and active captures in the San Rafael River from 2008 to 2010, we detected 15 Colorado Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius, 16 Bonytails Gila elegans, 20 Razorback Suckers Xyrauchen texanus, and five “undocumented” fish. Several endangered fishes were detected on multiple occasions and across years, often moving into and out of the San Rafael River from distances up to 360 km away (range, 6–360 km). Our findings demonstrate the use and the potential importance of small tributaries and their fragile habitats to endangered fishes.
Received May 13, 2012; accepted March 10, 2013
SASI ACTIVITY IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL NEUTRINO-HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF SUPERNOVA CORES
Authors: Hanke Florian , Müller Bernhard , Wongwathanarat Annop , Marek Andreas , Janka Hans-Thomas 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
The relevance of the standing accretion shock instability (SASI) compared to neutrino-driven convection in three-dimensional (3D) supernova-core environments is still highly controversial. Studying a 27 M
☉ progenitor, we demonstrate, for the first time, that violent SASI activity can develop in 3D simulations with detailed neutrino transport despite the presence of convection. This result was obtained with the Prometheus-Vertex code with the same sophisticated neutrino treatment so far used only in one-dimensional and two-dimensional (2D) models. While buoyant plumes initially determine the nonradial mass motions in the postshock layer, bipolar shock sloshing with growing amplitude sets in during a phase of shock retraction and turns into a violent spiral mode whose growth is only quenched when the infall of the Si/SiO interface leads to strong shock expansion in response to a dramatic decrease of the mass accretion rate. In the phase of large-amplitude SASI sloshing and spiral motions, the postshock layer exhibits nonradial deformation dominated by the lowest-order spherical harmonics (ℓ = 1, m = 0, ±1) in distinct contrast to the higher multipole structures associated with neutrino-driven convection. We find that the SASI amplitudes, shock asymmetry, and nonradial kinetic energy in three dimensions can exceed those of the corresponding 2D case during extended periods of the evolution. We also perform parameterized 3D simulations of a 25 M
☉ progenitor, using a simplified, gray neutrino transport scheme, an axis-free Yin-Yang grid, and different amplitudes of random seed perturbations. They confirm the importance of the SASI for another progenitor, its independence of the choice of spherical grid, and its preferred growth for fast accretion flows connected to small shock radii and compact proto-neutron stars as previously found in 2D setups.
Left atrial expansion index predicts all‐cause mortality and heart failure admissions in dyspnoea
Authors: Hsiao Shih‐Hung , Chiou Kuan‐Rau 
Published: May 2013

AimsThe power of left atrial (LA) parameters for predicting adverse events in relatively low‐risk groups is not fully understood. This study investigated whether the LA expansion index predicts heart failure (HF) and all‐cause mortality in subjects with dyspnoea.Methods and resultsEchocardiography was performed to identify causes of dypnoea in 1735 patients. The LA expansion index was calculated as (Volmax – Volmin) × 100%/Volmin, where Volmax was defined as the maximal LA volume and Volmin was defined as the minimal LA volume. The endpoints were 2‐year frequencies of HF hospitalization and all‐cause mortality. Over a median follow‐up of 2.7 years, 91 participants reached endpoints. Rates of adverse events were exponentially proportional to the LA expansion index. For predicting adverse events, the LA expansion index was better than the maximal indexed LA volume and tissue Doppler parameters. Hospitalization for HF was independently associated with age, LVEF, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, LA expansion index, and history of prior HF. All‐cause mortality was associated with age, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and LA expansion index. Compared with the highest quartile of the LA expansion index, the lowest quartile had a 3.1‐fold higher hazard of HF events and a 17.8‐fold higher hazard of all‐cause mortality.ConclusionsThe LA expansion index predicts adverse events in patients with dyspnoea. The prognostic power of the index exceeds that of other well‐established echocardiographic parameters such as E/e' and maximal indexed LA volume.Trial registrationNCT01171040.
Systematic investigation of the expected gravitational wave signal from supermassive black hole binaries in the pulsar timing band
Authors: Sesana A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
In this Letter, we carry out the first systematic investigation of the expected gravitational wave (GW) background generated by supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries in the nHz frequency band accessible to pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). We take from the literature several estimates of the redshift-dependent galaxy mass function and of the fraction of close galaxy pairs to derive a wide range of galaxy merger rates. We then exploit empirical black hole–host relations to populate merging galaxies with SMBHs. The result of our procedure is a collection of a large number of phenomenological SMBH binary merger rates consistent with current observational constraints on the galaxy assembly at z &lt; 1.5. For each merger rate we compute the associated GW signal, eventually producing a large set of estimates of the nHz GW background that we use to infer confidence intervals of its expected amplitude. When considering the most recent SMBH–host relations, accounting for overmassive black holes in brightest cluster galaxies, we find that the nominal 1σ interval of the expected GW signal is only a factor of 3–10 below current PTA limits, implying a non-negligible chance of detection in the next few years.
RETINAL MICROANGIOPATHY AS AN INITIAL MANIFESTATION OF FAMILIAL AMYLOID CARDIOMYOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSTHYRETIN E89K MUTATION
Authors: Sandhu Ranjit , Westcott Mark , Pavesio Carlos , Rowczenio Dorota M. , Gilbertson Janet A. , Gillmore Julian D. , Gibbs Simon D. J. 
Published: May 2013

Purpose:
To report a rare case of transthyretin (TTR) familial amyloid cardiomyopathy with retinal microangiopathy and vitreous amyloid as the initial manifestation.

Methods:
A 54-year-old woman presented with bilateral retinal microangiopathy, presumed idiopathic retinal vasculitis. She subsequently developed retinal ischemia associated vitreous hemorrhage and was treated with panretinal laser photocoagulation. Clinical eye signs remained stable for 6 years with the absence of overt inflammation. However, the patient developed chest pain and atrial flutter and underwent echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and 99mTc-3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (DPD) scintigraphy to investigate possible cardiac amyloidosis. Sequencing of the TTR gene was conducted and a rectal biopsy performed for tissue diagnosis. A full neurologic screen was also conducted.

Results:
Cardiac investigations were highly suggestive of an amyloid cardiomyopathy. The rectal biopsy stained positive for Congo red with demonstration of apple green birefringence, confirming amyloid, and immunostaining confirmed the TTR subtype. Gene sequencing revealed heterozygous TTR mutation encoding E89K variant. No significant neuropathy could be detected.

Conclusion:
Amyloid should be considered as a masquerade diagnosis in cases of retinal microangiopathy, especially in the absence of inflammation. Liaising with physicians for systemic evaluation and TTR gene sequencing is essential for early diagnosis and management of this rare condition.
Adaptive Sampling of Implicit Surfaces for Interactive Modelling and Animation
Authors: Desbrun Mathieu , Tsingos Nicolas , Gascuel Marie‐Paule 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a new adaptive sampling method for implicit surfaces that can be used in both interactive modelling and animation. The algorithm samples implicit objects composed of blending primitives and efficiently maintains this sampling over time, even when their topology changes (during fractures and fusions). It provides two complementary modes of immediate visualization: displaying “scales” lying on the surface, or a “primitive‐wise” polygonization. The sampling method efficiently avoids unwanted blending between different parts of an object. Moreover, it can be used for partitioning an implicit surface into local bounding boxes that will accelerate collision detection during animation and ray‐intersections during final rendering.
Negotiating access to medical treatment and the making of patient citizenship: the case of hepatitis C treatment
Authors: Rhodes Tim , Harris Magdalena , Martin Anthea 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDrawing on qualitative interview accounts with people who have injected drugs, we deploy ideas of biological and therapeutic citizenship to explore how the negotiation of access to hepatitis C treatment enacts patient citizenship potential. We find that the patient citizenship made through hepatitis C treatment divides those who are deserving from those who are not, largely in relation to their presentations of self‐control, responsibility and recovery regarding drug use. Accessing treatment requires that patients negotiate their entitlement by reflexively producing the patient citizen role expected of them. In this context of rationed treatment expectation, access to treatment is constructed in relation to gratitude rather than entitlement. Rationed treatment expectation also interplays with a utilitarian approach to hepatitis C expertise. Accounts of the bio‐effects of hepatitis C and its treatment as uncertain further weaken the potential for shared illness identity and biosocial membership as well as contributing to treatment delay. We conclude that the construction of hepatitis C treatment as a negotiation of ‘recovery towards normality’ positions people who continue to use or inject drugs as beyond patient citizenship. Our findings underscore the situated limits of therapeutic and biological citizenship, emphasising that these processes are unavoidably forces of governance.
Politics in the Informalizing Metropolis: Displacement, Resettlement and Unstable Negotiations in Uncivil Ahmedabad
Authors: Johnston Caleb 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article documents the displacement of Baoris, an adivasi (indigenous) community living in the city of Ahmedabad, India, and their subsequent resettlement along the city's precarious urban–rural frontier. I argue that this process signals the informalization of rights and territories, representing a political regime of governing in the remaking of the contemporary Indian metropolis. Recent actions taken by the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation to evict Baoris from the inner city are situated within the entangled processes and politics of urban restructuring, liberalization and Hindu nationalism. The absence and erosion of democratic protections, however, has not precluded the possibility of political negotiations with the local agents of state and capital, and this article assesses the tactics that community residents have deployed in their bid to maintain claims to territory, labour and services. I end by tempering enthusiasm for the informalizing city as a site for realizing alternative forms of justice and possible democratization.
Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) enthesitis index in turkish patients with ankylosing spondylitis: Relationship with disease activity and quality of life
Authors: Zahiroglu Yeliz , Ulus Yasemin , Akyol Yesim , Tander Berna , Durmus Dilek , Bilgici Ayhan , Kuru Omer 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) enthesitis index and disease activity and health‐related quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsEighty‐six AS patients not receiving antitumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy were included in the study. Spinal pain by visual analogue scale (pain VAS rest and activity), disease activity by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), functional capacity by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), enthesitis severity by SPARCC index, quality of life by Short Form‐36 (SF‐36), and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) were assessed in patients. In the laboratory evaluations, the erythrocyte sedimentation rates and serum C‐reactive protein levels of the patients were determined.ResultsAll participants were aged between 18 and 65 years, with a mean age of 36.9 ± 11.13 years. The most frequent region of enthesitis was Achilles tendon insertion into calcaneum (55.8%). Pain VAS rest and activity, BASFI and all parameters of SF‐36 were significantly different in AS patients with and without enthesitis. SPARCC index was significantly correlated with pain VAS activity (P < 0.05), pain VAS rest, BASDAI, BASFI and all parameters of SF‐36 (P < 0.001). There were no correlations between SPARCC index and BASMI, disease duration and laboratory parameters (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe clinical assessment of enthesitis in AS is an important outcome measure, and enthesitis indexes such as SPARCC enthesitis index can be valuable tools in the evaluation of disease activity in AS patients not receiving anti‐TNF therapy.
Measuring tree height: a quantitative comparison of two common field methods in a moist tropical forest
Authors: Larjavaara Markku , Muller‐Landau Helene C. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryTree height is a key variable for estimating tree biomass and investigating tree life history, but it is difficult to measure in forests with tall, dense canopies and wide crowns. The traditional method, which we refer to as the ‘tangent method’, involves measuring horizontal distance to the tree and angles from horizontal to the top and base of the tree, while standing at a distance of perhaps one tree height or greater. Laser rangefinders enable an alternative method, which we refer to as the ‘sine method’; it involves measuring the distances to the top and base of the tree, and the angles from horizontal to these, and can be carried out from under the tree or from some distance away.We quantified systematic and random errors of these two methods as applied by five technicians to a size‐stratified sample of 74 trees between 5.7 and 39.2 m tall in a Neotropical moist forest in Panama. We measured actual heights using towers adjacent to these trees.The tangent method produced unbiased height estimates, but random error was high, and in 6 of the 370 measurements, heights were overestimated by more than 100%.The sine method was faster to learn, displayed less variation in heights among technicians, and had lower random error, but resulted in systematic underestimation by 20% on average.We recommend the sine method for most applications in tropical forests. However, its underestimation, which is likely to vary with forest and instrument type, must be corrected if actual heights are needed.
Tax Policy, Adult Binge Drinking, and Youth Alcohol Consumption in the United States
Authors: Xuan Ziming , Nelson Toben F. , Heeren Timothy , Blanchette Jason , Nelson David E. , Gruenewald Paul , Naimi Timothy S. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundPrior research attributed youth alcohol consumption to the attitudes and drinking patterns among adults. Yet at a population level, few have examined the relationship between state‐level adult binge drinking prevalence and youth drinking behaviors, or whether tax policy plays a role in this relationship.MethodsWe analyzed 6 biennial surveys (1999 to 2009) of individual‐level youth alcohol use and related behaviors from state‐basedYouthRiskBehaviorSurveys and corresponding years of state‐level adult binge drinking prevalence from theBehavioralRiskFactorSurveillanceSystem. We employed logistic regression with generalized estimating equations method to assess the extent to which state adult binge drinking predicted individual‐level youth drinking outcomes and examined the role of alcohol taxes in that relationship.ResultsPopulation‐aggregate analyses based on 194 state‐year strata showed a positive correlation between state adult binge drinking and youth binge drinking (Pearsonr = 0.40,p < 0.01). For individual‐level youth drinking outcomes, a 5 percentage point increase in binge drinking prevalence among adults was associated with a 12% relative increase in the odds of alcohol use (adjusted OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.16). Taxes were strongly inversely related with adult and youth drinking measures, and the effect of tax on youth drinking was attenuated after controlling for adult binge drinking.ConclusionsBoth tax and adult binge drinking are strong predictors of youth drinking. Tax may affect youth drinking through its effect on adult alcohol consumption. Implementing effective alcohol policies to reduce excessive drinking in the general population is an important strategy to reduce youth drinking.
Productivity, credit, risk, and the demand for weather index insurance in smallholder agriculture in Ethiopia
Authors: McIntosh Craig , Sarris Alexander , Papadopoulos Fotis 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe article explores the relationship between fertilizer use and the demand for weather index insurance (WII) among smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. We examine whether fertilizer use is profitable under current smallholder production conditions, whether risk‐related factors affect fertilizer use, and we estimate the returns to inputs in the agricultural production function in the absence of insurance. We then study how these primitives of agricultural production functions relate to insurance demand. The study compares a survey‐based estimate of willingness to pay with actual uptake for the weather insurance, finding the stated and actual demand to be almost completely uncorrelated. While those with high marginal returns to inputs say they would purchase insurance, only those with low marginal returns actually do, consistent with the stated purpose of the product as input insurance. Insurance demand proves to be highly responsive to the existence and amount of randomly allocated insurance vouchers.
The immunomodulatory role of esmolol in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy due to gastric cancer
Authors: Kim Y.S. , Kang S.‐H. , Song K.Y. , Cho M.‐L. , Her Y.‐M. , Huh J.W. , Lee J. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryEsmolol has a beneficial effect on the T helper 1/T helper 2 balance in patients with heart failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory role of esmolol during and after surgery. Patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy due to gastric cancer were enrolled. Patients in the esmolol group (n = 15) received esmolol during surgery, and a saline‐treated group (n = 14) served as a control. Cytokines were quantified by sandwich enzyme‐linked immunoassays before, during and after surgery. The esmolol group was associated with higher ratios of interferon‐γ/interleukin‐4 (T helper 1/T helper 2 signature cytokines) than the saline group during (2.36 vs 0.57, respectively, p = 0.041) and after (5.79 vs 0.69, respectively, p = 0.033) surgery. The postoperative increase in interleukin‐6 was attenuated in the esmolol group, and the C‐reactive protein level on postoperative day 1 was significantly lower in the esmolol group than in the saline group (mean (SD) 26.2 (18.3) mmol.l−1 vs 56.8 (44.3) mmol.l−1, p = 0.021). Our findings suggest that esmolol played an immunomodulatory role and mitigated the postoperative inflammatory response in patients under surgical and anaesthetic stress.
Breech delivery – what influences on the mother's choice?
Authors: Glasø Anette H. , Sandstad Isa Mari , Vanky Eszter 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate factors influencing the mother's choice of delivery mode when vaginal breech delivery is considered possible and safe.DesignRetrospective study.SettingUniversity Hospital.PopulationSingleton, term pregnancies with breech presentation were included, n = 390.MethodsInformation was collected from patient records from January 2006 to December 2010. A questionnaire was sent to those 293 women in whom vaginal breech delivery was considered possible and safe.Main outcome measuresPatient characteristics by choice of delivery mode.ResultsWomen who were selected for vaginal breech delivery (n = 187) were younger, more often nulliparous and gave birth to smaller babies. Women who requested a cesarean section (n = 112) became more worried when the breech presentation was diagnosed. They had a more negative initial view on breech presentation, more often took additional advice from nonprofessionals and trusted them more. Women who requested cesarean section reported a positive birth experience more frequently than women who were selected for vaginal delivery, whether ending as vaginal or emergency cesarean delivery. Women in both groups searched web‐based information about breech delivery. We found no differences between the sources of information used.ConclusionsYounger, nulliparous women with smaller babies trusted and listened more to professional advice and were more prone to choose vaginal delivery. Women who requested a cesarean section were more worried and had a more negative initial view on breech presentation. Both groups sought web‐based information equally.
Nerve stimulation for chronic pelvic pain and bladder pain syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Tirlapur Seema A. , Vlismas Antonis , Ball Elizabeth , Khan Khalid S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractChronic pelvic pain (CPP) and bladder pain syndrome (BPS) can have a negative impact on quality of life. Neuromodulation has been suggested as a possible treatment for refractory pain. To assess the effectiveness of tibial and sacral nerve stimulation in the treatment of BPS and CPP. We searched until July 2012: the Cochrane Library, EMBASE (1980–2012), Medline (1950–2012), Web of knowledge (1900–2012), LILACS (1982–2012) and SIGLE (1990–2012) with no language restrictions. We manually searched through bibliographies and conference proceedings of the International Continence Society. Randomized and prospective quasi‐randomized controlled studies vs. sham nerve stimulation treatment or usual care of patients with CPP and BPS who underwent sacral or tibial nerve stimulation were included. Any studies involving transcutaneous stimulation were excluded. The outcome was a cure or improvement in symptoms. Three studies with 169 patients treated with tibial nerve stimulation were included; two for CPP and one for BPS. There were improvements in pain, urinary and quality of life scores. There were no reported data for sacral nerve stimulation. There is scanty literature reporting variable success of posterior tibial nerve stimulation in improving pain, urinary symptoms and quality of life in CPP and BPS. In view of the dearth of quality literature, a large multi‐centered clinical trial investigating the effectiveness of electrical nerve stimulation to treat BPS and CPP along with the cost‐analysis of this treatment is recommended.