bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass Spectrometry and Gas‐Phase Chemistry of Bismuth–Oxido Clusters
Authors: Sattler Dominik , Schlesinger Maik , Mehring Michael , Schalley Christoph A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe mass spectrometric characterisation of bismuth–oxido clusters is described together with tandem mass spectrometric experiments aimed at investigating their gas‐phase chemistry. Clusters with different ligand shells (nitrate, salicylates, and methacrylate) and different sizes ({Bi6O8}, {Bi22O26}, and {Bi38O45}) were selected for this study. The following aspects were addressed by (tandem) electrospray ionisation Fourier‐transform ion‐cyclotron‐resonance (ESI‐FTICR) mass spectrometry: 1) Electrospray ionisation was used successfully for the generation of intact cluster ions, but led to rather complicated distributions of charge states and solvent adducts. The cluster core remained intact. 2) Mass spectrometry was used to follow the cluster growth from {Bi6O8} to {Bi22O27} and finally {Bi38O45} clusters. These experiments revealed that careful tuning of the conditions is required to avoid precipitates forming that hamper ESI ionisation. The stages of growth strongly depend on the experimental conditions. 3) Fragmentation experiments in the gas phase performed with the {Bi22O27} clusters obtained in the growth experiments resulted in the preferential formation of {Bi6O8} fragments and point to the particular stability of this cluster and its role in cluster growth. 4) Solution‐phase ligand‐exchange reactions on {Bi22O26} salicylate clusters were qualitatively monitored by mass spectrometry, but were limited by the complicated ion series formed that led to overlapping isotope patterns. 5) A number of fragmentation reactions occurred within the ligand shell when the clusters surrounded by an organic ligand shell were subjected to infrared multiphoton dissociation experiments. 6) For the nitrate clusters, fragmentation within the core was observed yielding {Bi6O8} fragments together with the corresponding clusters of reduced size.
Fast and precise positioning using sequential adaptive feedforward compensation for disturbance
Authors: Maebashi Wataru , Ito Kazuaki , Iwasaki Makoto 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThis paper presents a performance improvement for trajectory tracking for fast‐response and high‐precision positioning using sequential adaptive compensation for disturbances. A mathematical disturbance model formulated and parametrized by an iterative learning process can estimate the actual disturbance, and the model can be sequentially adapted using the recursive least squares method so that it shows adaptivity to disturbance variations. The proposed positioning control approach involving disturbance modeling and compensation has been verified by experiments using a linear motor‐driven table system. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(4): 52–63, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22280
Investigation of partial discharge characteristics induced by X‐ray irradiation in artificial cavity in epoxy resin
Authors: Higashiyama Masakazu , Takada Hajime , Hayashi Masayuki , Kozako Masahiro , Hikita Masayuki , Nakamura Shuhei , Umemura Tokihiro , Nakamura Yusuke , Hirose Tatsuya 
Published: June 2013

SummaryIt is crucial for proper insulation design of cast resin transformers to consider voids and delamination which might exist in cast molding because of several surface boundaries between resin and conductor. Such defects in the insulator lead to reduction of the life of the apparatus. This paper deals with an investigation of the relation between the void size and apparent charge of partial discharge (PD) occurring in a model simulating the insulation system of a cast resin transformer by applying X‐ray irradiation to the sample. The relation between the void size and PD inception voltage and the phase resolved PD pattern are also investigated. The effect of attenuation of the X‐ray irradiation dose on the time lag to PD initiation was also discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(4): 1–9, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22418
A method for load frequency control using battery in power system with highly penetrated photovoltaic generation
Authors: Nagoya Hiroyuki , Komami Shintaro , Ogimoto Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2013

SummaryIt is generally believed that large battery systems will be needed to store surplus electric energy due to the high penetration of renewable energy (RE) such as photovoltaic generation (PV). Since the main objective of high penetration of RE is to reduce CO2 emissions, reducing kWh output of thermal generation that emits large amounts of CO2 in power systems should be sufficiently considered. However, thermal generation plays an important role in load frequency control (LFC) of power systems. Therefore, if LFC could be performed with batteries and hydropower generation, the kWh output of thermal generation could be reduced significantly. This paper presents a method of LFC using batteries in a power system with highly penetrated PVs. An assessment of the effect of the proposed method considering mutual smoothing effect of highly penetrated PVs is made. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(4): 22–31, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22425
Connecting [4Fe–4S] Clusters and Hemes – Towards Modeling the Active Site of Sulfite Reductase
Authors: Gerlach Deidra L. , Coucouvanis Dimitri , Lehnert Nicolai 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new design for biologically inspired models for the active site of assimilatory sulfite and nitrite reductases (aSIR and aNIR), which consists of a siroheme that is directly linked to a [4Fe–4S] cubane cluster. The individual components used here to construct this model are a site‐differentiated [4Fe–4S] cluster, a bifunctional bridging ligand, and a metalloporphyrin. We have prepared two new site‐differentiated clusters, [Fe4S4(TriS)(SPy)] and [Fe4S4(TriS)(SEtIm)], which contain pyridine and imidazole linkers for the binding to a metalloporphyrin, and characterized these compounds, using UV/Vis, IR, and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and mass spectrometry. Titration experiments where then performed by using [Zn(TPP)] (TPP2– = meso‐tetraphenylporphyrin dianion) and corresponding fluorinated derivatives to find the best [4Fe–4S]–heme combination for an optimal binding of the two components in solution. Excitingly, our results demonstrate the formation of the desired [4Fe–4S]–heme catalytic arrays in solution with high specificity. The best combination of cubane cluster and metalloporphyrin for future catalyst development corresponds to the complex (Bu4N)2[M(To‐F2PP)–{Fe4S4(TriS)(SEtIm)}] {To‐F2PP2– = meso‐tetra(ortho‐difluorophenyl)porphyrin dianion}. The binding between these components with M = Zn2+ was further confirmed by CV. Thus, we have created a new type of biologically inspired model system for the aSIR and aNIR active site that leads to a robust attachment of the individual components in solution.
Examples of Different Reactions of Benzylsulfanyl‐Substituted Alkynes with Selected Complexes of TiII and CoI
Authors: Altenburger Kai , Semmler Julia , Arndt Perdita , Spannenberg Anke , Meel Matthias J. , Villinger Alexander , Seidel Wolfram W. , Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: June 2013

AbstractReactions of the group 4 metallocene alkyne complexes [Cp2M(L)(btmsa)] (Cp = η5‐cyclopentadienyl = η5‐C5H5, btmsa = η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3; 1: M = Ti, L = none; 2: M = Zr, L = pyridine) and of the [(triphos)CoI] moiety [triphos = 1,1,1‐tris(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)ethane] with the benzylsulfanyl‐substituted acetylenes PhCH2S–C2–SCH2Ph (3) and PhCH2S–C2–SFmoc (4) (Fmoc = fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) have been investigated. Complex 1 reacted with 3 to give a mixture of a violet solid and [Cp2Ti(SCH2Ph)2] (5). Subsequently, the violet solid transformed in toluene at 70 °C into the dinuclear complex [(Cp2Ti)2(μ‐κ2‐κ2‐BnSC4SBn)] (6) displaying two [Cp2Ti] moieties bridged by a 1,4‐bis(benzylsulfanyl)‐1,3‐butadiyne in the trans configuration. Complex 6 was further degraded in toluene at 100 °C to the tetranuclear cluster [CpTiS]4 (7). Similar reactivity was deduced indirectly for the reaction partners 1/4 and 2/3. For CoI, the side‐on alkyne complexes [(triphos)Co(3)](PF6) (9‐PF6) and [(triphos)Co(4)](PF6) (10‐PF6) were obtained. Reductive removal of the benzyl groups in 9‐PF6 and subsequent coordination of the [Cp(PPh3)RuII]+ moiety led to the dinuclear complex [(triphos)Co(μ‐η2‐κ2‐C2S2)RuCp(PPh3)] (13) displaying acetylene dithiolate (acdt2–) in a side‐on carbon–sulfur chelate coordination mode. In contrast, the reaction of 10‐PF6 with piperidine under very mild conditions resulted in the thio‐alkyne complex [(triphos)Co(PhCH2SC2S)] (11) bearing a terminal sulfur substituent at the coordinated alkyne. However, a subsequent rearrangement reaction led to the CoIII dithiolene complex [(triphos)Co{S2C2(NC5H10)(CH2Ph)}](PF6) (14‐PF6). The intricate rearrangement very likely involves a dinuclear Co species with a η2‐κ2 coordination of the C2S2 moiety.
Structural Basis for Enantioselectivity in the Transfer Hydrogenation of a Ketone Catalyzed by an Artificial Metalloenzyme
Authors: Cherrier Mickaël V. , Engilberge Sylvain , Amara Patricia , Chevalley Alice , Salmain Michèle , Fontecilla‐Camps Juan C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe crystal structure of bovine β‐lactoglobulin bound to a complex consisting of a (η5‐Cp*)Rh(2,2′‐dipyridylamine) head and a lauric acid derived hydrophobic tail has been solved at 1.85 Å resolution. Previous work has shown that this hybrid catalyzes the transfer hydrogenation of an aryl ketone in neat water with formate as hydrogen donor with enantiomeric excess (ee) of about 26 %. Calculations using the X‐ray model indicate that the complex head can adopt discrete conformations, which may explain the ee observed.
Synthesis of Nitroalkenes Involving a Cooperative Catalytic Action of Iron(III) and Piperidine: A One‐Pot Synthetic Strategy to 3‐Alkylindoles, 2H‐Chromenes and N‐Arylpyrrole
Authors: Jalal Swapnadeep , Sarkar Soumen , Bera Krishnendu , Maiti Sukhendu , Jana Umasish 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn efficient and simple strategy has been developed to synthesize various substituted nitroalkenes involving a cooperative catalytic system of FeCl3 and piperidine. This dual catalytic protocol simultaneously activates both electrophile and nucleophile and works under mild reaction conditions so that many sensitive functional groups were tolerated. Moreover, this cooperative catalytic reaction is also suitable for various one‐pot reactions involving nitroalkenes such as, 2H‐chromenes, N‐arylpyrrole and Michael reaction with indole. Notably, this method is low‐cost, efficient and environmentally friendly.
Direct Iodination of Isoindolines and Isoindoline Nitroxides as Precursors to Functionalized Nitroxides
Authors: Fairfull‐Smith Kathryn E. , Debele Emmanuel A. , Allen Jesse P. , Pfrunder Michael C. , McMurtrie John C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA new method for the direct aryl iodination of isoindolines and isoindoline nitroxides that utilizes periodic acid and potassium iodide in sulfuric acid is presented. Di‐iodo functionalized tetramethyl and tetraethyl isoindolines and a di‐iodo tetramethyl isoindoline nitroxide were prepared in high yield (70–82 %). The analogous mono‐iodo species were afforded in modest yield (34–48 %). Iodinated nitrones were also obtained from a tetraethyl isoindoline nitroxide.
Validity of the PICCOLO Tool in Child Care Settings: Can it Assess Caregiver Interaction Behaviors?
Authors: Norman Vonda Jump , Christiansen Katie 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTChildcare quality has been investigated widely over the past 30 years, as increasingly more evidence has emerged that shows that children's developmental outcomes are influenced by the quality of care that they receive in group‐care settings. The current emphasis on quality‐improvement ratings in childcare provides a unique measurement challenge to ensure accountability for the care of our young children, with a noticeable lack of attention to caregiver interactions with children. The purpose of the current study is to investigate an easy‐to‐use measure that might address this oversight. The Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO) tool has been shown to be reliable and valid for use with parents and was used in the current study to determine whether the PICCOLO, when used to observe caregiver–child interactions in group‐care settings, is correlated with other common measures of childcare quality, including the family of Environment Rating Scales (Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale‐Revised (T. Harms, R.M. Clifford, & D. Cryer, 2005), the Family Child Care Rating Scale‐Revised (T. Harms, D. Cryer, & R.M. Clifford, 2007), or the Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale‐Revised (T. Harms, D. Cryer, & R.M. Clifford, 2006).and the Arnett Caregiver Interaction Scales (J. Arnett, 1989). Two hundred seven providers were observed for a mean of 2.87 hr (172 min). Results indicate that the PICCOLO is a valid tool to measure caregiver interaction with children in a childcare situation.
Longitudinal variation of macroinvertebrate communities in a Mediterranean river subjected to multiple anthropogenic stressors
Authors: Manfrin Alessandro , Larsen Stefano , Traversetti Lorenzo , Pace Giorgio , Scalici Massimiliano 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTRiver impoundments and waste water discharge are a serious threat to the integrity and biodiversity of river ecosystems, especially in central Italy. Benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled in autumn and summer along the Aniene River to assess the cumulative biological effect of the numerous dams and sewage treatment plants that affect its middle and lower course. We hypothesized that (i) increasing habitat impairment would promote the formation of nestedness in species assemblage, where species poor locations support only a sub‐set of organisms from richer sites; (ii) specific life‐history traits would confer sensitivity to habitat degradation. Patterns of macroinvertebrate richness and diversity along the river tracked the distribution of dams and sewage treatment plants. Partial Mantel test showed that dissimilarity in assemblages increased with the number of dams and treatment plants between reaches after controlling for longitudinal distance. Assemblages were significantly nested, and nestedness appeared related to both water quality gradients (phosphorous, turbidity) that reflected anthropogenic inputs, and to natural gradient in altitude. Reaches with nested assemblages (supporting a sub‐set of the species pool) were characterized by greater representations of taxa with shorter life cycles, while, in contrast, species rich sites supported taxa with longer life cycles and lower dispersal ability. These results suggest that the cumulative effect of dams and sewage treatment plants promoted the formation of nested subsets in species distribution. Moreover, it appeared that certain functional traits that conferred sensitivity also dictated the progressive non‐random loss of taxa in face of multiple anthropogenic stressors. These findings have conservation implications in the regions, but need to be considered preliminary since anthropogenic and natural factors co‐varied systematically along the study river precluding the identification of single factor effects.
A Meta-Analysis of the Association of Fracture Risk and Body Mass Index in Women
Authors: Johansson Helena , Kanis John A , Odén Anders , McCloskey Eugene , Chapurlat Roland D , Christiansen Claus , Cummings Steve R , Diez-Perez Adolfo , Eisman John A , Fujiwara Saeko , Glüer Claus-C , Goltzman David , Hans Didier , Khaw Kay-Tee , Krieg Marc-Antoine , Kröger Heikki , LaCroix Andrea Z , Lau Edith , Leslie William D , Mellström Dan , Melton L Joseph , O'Neill Terence W , Pasco Julie A , Prior Jerilynn C , Reid David M , Rivadeneira Fernando , van Staa Tjerd , Yoshimura Noriko , Zillikens M Carola 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Several recent studies suggest that obesity may be a risk factor for fracture. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and future fracture risk at different skeletal sites. In prospective cohorts from more than 25 countries, baseline data on BMI were available in 398,610 women with an average age of 63 (range, 20–105) years and follow up of 2.2 million person-years during which 30,280 osteoporotic fractures (6457 hip fractures) occurred. Femoral neck BMD was measured in 108,267 of these women. Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) was present in 22%. A majority of osteoporotic fractures (81%) and hip fractures (87%) arose in non-obese women. Compared to a BMI of 25 kg/m2, the hazard ratio (HR) for osteoporotic fracture at a BMI of 35 kg/m2 was 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85–0.90). When adjusted for bone mineral density (BMD), however, the same comparison showed that the HR for osteoporotic fracture was increased (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.09–1.23). Low BMI is a risk factor for hip and all osteoporotic fracture, but is a protective factor for lower leg fracture, whereas high BMI is a risk factor for upper arm (humerus and elbow) fracture. When adjusted for BMD, low BMI remained a risk factor for hip fracture but was protective for osteoporotic fracture, tibia and fibula fracture, distal forearm fracture, and upper arm fracture. When adjusted for BMD, high BMI remained a risk factor for upper arm fracture but was also a risk factor for all osteoporotic fractures. The association between BMI and fracture risk is complex, differs across skeletal sites, and is modified by the interaction between BMI and BMD. At a population level, high BMI remains a protective factor for most sites of fragility fracture. The contribution of increasing population rates of obesity to apparent decreases in fracture rates should be explored. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Thermal Challenge Severity Differentially Influences Wound Healing in Wood Duck (Aix sponsa) Ducklings
Authors: Carter A.W. , DuRant S.E. , Hepp G.R. , Hopkins W.A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTEnvironmental conditions during early development can profoundly influence an individual's phenotype. Development requires simultaneous maturation and orchestration of multiple physiological systems creating the potential for interaction among key systems and requiring substantial resources. We investigated the influence of thermoregulation on immunocompetence in Wood Duck ducklings (Aix sponsa). At both 1 and 2 days post hatch (dph) we evaluated ducklings' abilities to thermoregulate during a thermal challenge at one of four temperatures (36 [thermoneutral controls], 20, 10, or 5°C). At 3 dph, ducklings received a superficial wound, which was monitored until full recovery to quantify wound healing ability, an ecologically relevant, integrative measure of immune function. We demonstrated that duckling body temperature decreased with increasing thermal challenge severity, thermoregulatory ability increased with age, and thermoregulation had temperature‐dependent effects on the immune system. Specifically, a more severe thermal challenge (5°C) resulted in decreased immune performance when compared to a mild challenge (20°C). We conclude that early thermoregulatory experiences are influential in shaping immune responses early in development. Furthermore, our results emphasize that future studies of environmental stressors need to consider multiple physiological endpoints since interaction among systems can result in competing physiological demands. J. Exp. Zool. 319A: 422–429, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collaboration for the common good: An examination of challenges and adjustment processes in multicultural collaborations
Authors: Dibble Rebekah , Gibson Cristina 
Published: June 2013

SummaryMulticultural collaborations are temporary entities that are not embedded in a single organizational context but yet complete tasks such as building a house or making a film with the involvement of people from multiple cultures. Although they share characteristics of multicultural teams, they lack many of the mechanisms that teams embedded in organizations have at the ready to enable navigation of key challenges. Not much is known about how they cope. Using an inductive approach, this study addresses four critical questions with respect to multicultural collaborations. First, we sought to identify the most common challenges that multicultural collaborations face. Second, we wanted to understand how multicultural collaborations react to those challenges. Third, we examined the role of collaboration heterogeneity in the adjustment process. Finally, we wanted to know whether adjustment facilitates collaboration performance. We examined these issues using comprehensive field data from 16 multicultural humanitarian home‐building collaborations that ranged in their degree of cultural heterogeneity. Our analysis highlights many important aspects of multicultural collaborative work. First, adjustment processes were critical in coping with their lack of organizational embeddedness. Second, collaborations utilize a range of both internal and external strategies for adjusting. Third, when collaborations experience challenges related to the way members work with each other, cultural differences may contribute to the ability to make important adjustments. Finally, when significant challenges existed, adjustment processes were related to performance in multicultural collaborations, yet overadjustment was detrimental, suggesting the importance of careful calibration of adjustment strategies to the magnitude and nature of challenges that exist. Our findings have implications for theories of team processes and culture, as well as practical implications for working across cultures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of electroporation conditions for toyocamycin producer Streptomyces diastatochromogenes 1628
Authors: Ma Zheng , Liu Jinxiu , Shentu Xuping , Bian Yalin , Yu Xiaoping 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBecause of its structural similarity to nucleoside, toyocamycin exhibits potential of wide application and various biological activities. Streptomyces diastatochromogenes 1628, capable of producing toyocamycin, has exhibited a potential biocontrol effect in inhibiting the development of phytopathogens in the agriculture field. An efficient transformation system is a prerequisite for genetic and molecular study of S. diastatochromogenes 1628. In this study, we optimized experimental factors involved in the electroporation transformation process. Key features of this procedure, including collection of cells at the mid‐log phase stage and the treatment of cells with lysozyme and penicillin G prior to the electroporation and recovery medium and time, produced the greatest increase in the efficiency and consistency of results. The transformation efficiency also depends on field strength, cell concentration, and plasmid DNA quantity. Under the optimal conditions, a maximal efficiency of (3 ± 0.4) × 104 µg−1 DNA was obtained. The development of transformation method for S. diastatochromogenes 1628 will foster genetic manipulation of this important strain.