bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Descemet's membrane preparation in eye banks for DMEK
Authors: BACHMANN B , KRUSE FE 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEventhough Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) results in unsurpassed improvement of postoperative visual acuity the complexity of graft preparation in DMEK prevents the wide spread use of this technique. Precut tissue preparation in eye banks for DMEK would make this technique amenable to a larger group of surgeons. Precut preparation of organ cultured corneas was preformed as previously described resulting in incompletely stripped Descemet’s membranes where a small central part was still attached to the corneal stroma. After subsequent culture for up to 5 days the precut grafts were used for DMEK. Visual acuity, central corneal thickness and endothelial cell density were retrospectively analyzed. Stripping was successfully completed in all grafts directly prior to surgery. The average visual acuity (logMAR) improved from 0.47 + 0.11 preoperatively to 0.2 + 0.13 3 months after DMEK. Central preoperative corneal thickness decreased from 632 + 46 µm preoperatively to 471 + 7 µm 3 months after DMEK. Average endothelial cell density was 2326 + 119 cells /mm2 before and 2226 + 150 cells/mm2 3 days after precut preparation (2 days before DMEK). 3 months after DMEK endothelial cell density further decreased to 1519 + 57 cells/mm2. Precut preparation of DMEK tissue, generated by incomplete Descemet stripping, leads to minor endothelial cell loss during subsequent culture and results in a fast visual recovery, only minor additional endothelial cell loss and a rapid decrease of corneal thickness.
Revisiting corneal storage using an innovative bioreactor
Authors: THURET G , HE Z , BERNARD A , NAIGEON N , NANGOUM‐FOSSO T , NEFZAOUI C , PISELLI S , ACQUART S , GARRAUD O , CAMPOLMI N , FOREST F , DUMOLLARD JM , PEOC’H M , GAIN P 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBe it at 4°C or in organ‐culture at 31°C, two techniques no revisited since 70’, corneal storage is mandatorily accompanied by a significant endothelial cell (EC) death (600x more than during lifetime and stromal swelling responsible for endothelial folds triggering EC apoptosis. The absence of intra ocular pressure that constitutes one of the main forces opposed to the naturally hydrophilic stroma may play an important role in this vicious circle that begins with donor death and is prolonged during storage. The restoration of pressure gradient with circulation of fluids during long term storage may improve EC survival and reduce stromal swelling. Review of the literature and of patents on methods available to achieve ex vivo restoration of the corneal physiology and personal works of our laboratory of bioengineering with a patented corneal bioreactor. Several devices have been published or patented previously but none with the aim of improving storage (generally for short‐term toxicologic studies) and none using the technical solutions that we developed. Restoration of an increased pressure at the endothelial side associated with a continuous renewal of storage medium allowed rapidly reduction of stromal swelling and improvement of EC viability, compared to the rustic immersion in a sealed flask. Our innovative bioreactor could be used for research studies as well as for corneal storage in a next future in eye banks. Grant: Agence de la BioMédecine appel à projet recherche et greffe 2012
Controversies in the pathogenesis of RVO – Local perspective
Authors: ASCASO F 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBRVO usually occurs at an arteriovenous (AV) crossing site, where a common adventitial sheath binds the artery and vein together. Several findings seem to demonstrate that vitreoretinal traction might have a significant role in some cases of BRVO. This prospective observational case‐control study, with SD‐OCT directed to the occlusion site, analyzed the prevalence of vitreoretinal traction in twenty BRVO patients. The results showed a true vitreoretinal traction in 7 eyes (35%). 5 eyes (25%) were associated with an adherence of posterior hyaloids without signs of retinal traction, whereas 8 eyes (40%) had neither vitreoretinal adherence nor vitreous traction. Regarding the same vessel segment of the fellow eye, none of the cases (0%) revealed vitreoretinal traction in the correspondent AV crossing site; 9 cases (45%) presented vitreoretinal adherence; and the remaining 11 cases (55%) showed neither traction nor adhesion. Chi‐square analysis indicated that vitreovascular traction in the occlusion site was significantly associated with BRVO (p<0.05). In conclusion, a common firm vitreoretinal adhesion at the obstruction site is reported herein, pointing out the role of vitreovascular traction in the etiology of some cases of BRVO.
24 hour continuous ocular tonography Triggerfish and biorhythms of the cardiovascular system functional parameters in healthy and glaucoma populations
Authors: WASILEWICZ R , WASILEWICZ P , CZAPLICKA E , KOCIECKI J , BLASZCZYNSKI J , MAZUREK C , SLOWINSKI R 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Rating circadian biorhythms of the eye‐wall tension and cardiovascular system functional parameters in normal subjects(N) and patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma(POAG), normal tension glaucoma(NTG), ocular hypertension(OH).Methods Study population: 50 Ns, 30 POAGs, 10 NTGs and 7 OHs. Simultaneous, 24 hours continuous ocular tonography Triggerfish and ECG/Blood pressure Holter recordings. The comparison in 4 time intervals, set basing on time of falling asleep(F) and awakening(W). Data are compared within intervals (IN) 1:(F‐5hrs,F], 2:(F,F+3], 3:(F+3,W], 4:(W,W+5]Results Similar eye‐wall tension profiles for N and OH were detected, both decreasing in IN4, OH shows higher values in IN3. POAG and NTG tension profiles are different in IN4 with noticeable change for POAG with its value increase in opposite to others. Cardiovascular parameters show the similar characteristics of SAP for all cases with the highest value for OH and the lowest for N. The recordings for DAP show the noticeable difference for NTG, where the profile is changing rapidly between the highest values in INs2 and 4 to the lowest one in IN3. Additionally, only for OH the IN3 value is higher than IN4 one. The comparison of heart rate profile shows a noticeable difference for POAG. All data will be presentedConclusion The study showed specific, group dependent, biorhythms for 24‐hour circadian eye‐wall tension and functional parameters of cardiovascular system. These figures bring new insights into the pathogenesis of glaucomatous neuropathy and indicate the location of potential handle points for individual time‐dependent therapeutic options.
Intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness in an old French population: The MONTRACHET study
Authors: BRON AM , FRANCOZ A , FIET C , BONYTHON KOPP C , BINQUET C , TZOURIO C , ACAR N , BRETILLON L , CREUZOT‐GARCHER C 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To describe the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in an old French population.Methods 9294 individuals 65 years and older were included in the 3C cohort study since 1999 in 3 French cities (Bordeaux, Dijon and Montpellier). In Dijon, an additional ophthalmic examination was performed 10 years after the initial inclusions to assess the relation between systemic age‐related diseases and eye diseases in the MONTRACHET Study (Maculopathy Optic Nerve nuTRition neurovAsCular and HEarT diseases). In this population‐based study a thorough eye examination and a questionnaire were undertaken in each participant. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with a noncontact pneumotonometer and central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured with an ultrasound pachymeter.Results Among the 1153 participants of the MONTRACHET study only those without an ocular hypotensive treatment and those without evidence of glaucoma based on optic disc photography were considered. Among these individuals, 64% were female and the age was 82.2 ± 3.8 years. IOP in the right eye and the left eye was 14.6 ± 3.2 and 14.8 ± 3.2 mmHg, respectively, p = 0.06.IOP was lower in pseudophakic than in phakic participants 15.2 ± 3.2 and 15.4 ± 3.1 mmHg vs 13.9 ± 3.0 and 14.1 ± 3.1 mmHg for the right and the left eye, respectively, p < 0.01. CCT in the right eye and the left eye was 553.4 ± 34.4 μm and 555.7 ± 34.7 μm, respectively, p < 0.01. CCT was not influenced by the lens status and the refraction error.Conclusion These preliminary results of the MONTRACHET study shed a new light on the relations between IOP and and the lens status in the elderly.
3D or not 3D: The binocular tolerance to higher order aberrations
Authors: GICQUEL JJ 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFor the last decade, thanks to the measurement of higher order wavefront aberrations, we have been able to precise the concept of quality of vision (a new frontier that goes beyond visual acuity). These techniques, first developed for astronomical applications and defense, gave the ophthalmologist new tools, to measure the quality of vision, in healthy subjects and patients. We will go thru the pros and cons of each of the devices, developed for this very purpose and show their current applications. We will finally present new techniques, studying the quality of vision dynamically, in 3D and giving the patient a “preview” of a potential surgical procedure on his quality of vision.
Spherical aberration: Friend or foe?
Authors: VANDERMEER G , NOCHEZ Y , PISELLA PJ 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo determine the level of residual spherical aberration that gives the best objective and subjective quality of image after cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Six months after microincision (1.8 mm) cataract surgery with aspheric IOL implantation, total aberrations were computed using a Wavescan aberrometer. The modulation transfer function (MTF), Strehl ratio, and objective index of scattering were measured using the Objective Quality Analysis System. Objective depth of focus was computed as the focus range at which the Strehl ratio did not fall below 50% of maximum. Subjective depth of focus was calculated as the difference between the vergence of the punctum remotum and that of the punctum proximum. Thirty patients (54 eyes) were evaluated. The MTF cutoff values were higher with decreasing total ocular spherical aberration (r = 0.56; P<.05). Objective and subjective depth of focus were positively correlated with total spherical aberration (r = 0.26 and r = 0.46, respectively; P<.05). A final spherical aberration of zero obtained by compensation of IOL asphericity gave the greatest improvement in objective quality of vision and better MTF contrast. However, a final target ocular spherical aberration between 0.07 μm and 0.10 μm should be considered to be the best compromise between subjective depth of focus and objective contrast sensitivity.
Overview of conjunctival and eyelid tumours
Authors: VAN GINDERDEUREN R 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this part of the course an overview will be given of the most common and most important conjunctiva and eyelid tumors ( basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, sebaceous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma). For each disease clinical‐pathologic correlations will be emphasized. Typical and atypical characteristics will be shown. In most cases the clinician finds the correct diagnosis, but even then it is important to investigate the section margins and the degree or details of the tumor. In rare cases a surprise in diagnosis is found and some important examples of these will be given, with also the useful consequences on the clinical follow‐up of these patients. Correct diagnosis can also be useful in non‐malignant processes and examples will be given. A short overview will be given of newer techniques and diagnostic possibilities.
Anterior to posterior “tour” of ocular disease processes
Authors: VAN GINDERDEUREN R 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this part of the course the most important pathology of the internal eye structures will be explained from front to back side of the eye. The malignant tumors of adults (melanoma, metastasis , lymphoma) and children (retinoblastoma) will be covered, but also the differential diagnosis and important consequences of non‐malignant diseases (sympathetic ophthalmia). Newer technologies can be incorporated in the pathologic examination which can have far reaching consequences for the patients. Enucleation and the difference with evisceration specimens will be discussed. Newer methods for fine needle aspiration biopsy (in solid tumors) and vitreal biopsies ( cells in the vitreal fluid) in malignant and inflammatory processes will be explained.
Meningeal carcinomatosis
Authors: SZATMARY G 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNeuro‐ophthalmologic disorders in the patient with cancer Meningeal carcinomatosis Background: Meningeal carcinomatosis may be the first sign of malignancy, although usually represents widespread disease, and occurs most frequently in association with lung, breast and gastrointestinal cancer. Objective: To review the ophthalmological symptoms, signs, imaging appearance and differential diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis. Methods: Retrospective literature review and case reports. Results: Ocular manifestations are reported in 91% of patients with meningeal carcinomatosis. These include visual loss, diplopia, papilloedema, optic atrophy, and pupillary abnormality. Conclusion: Ophthalmologists and other eye care providers play a crucial role in the early detection of meningeal carcinomatosis.
Analysis of mitochondrial sequences in patients with keratoconus
Authors: NOWAK DM , KAROLAK JA , MACHTEL P , POLAKOWSKI P , SZAFLIK JP , SZAFLIK J , GAJECKA M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Keratoconus (KTCN) is thinning and anterior protrusion of the cornea. The etiology of KTCN remains unknown. Both genetic and environmental factors are associated with the disorder. The purpose of this study was to identify novel genetic factors by analyzing mitochondrial sequences in cases and controls from Polish population. There are available only a few analyses of some mitochondrial sequences in KTCN studies.Methods A total of 96 individuals from Polish population were included into this study. Chosen mtDNA fragments of all individuals were sequenced.Results Sequencing analysis of chosen mitochondrial genome fragments have revealed numerous alterations including several novel polymorphisms. No sequence variants segregated significantly more frequent with KTCN have been identified.Conclusion Analysis of chosen fragments of mitochondrial genome in Polish patients have revealed numerous sequence variants, however our results do not support involvement of mtDNA changes in KTCN in Polish patients. The KTCN development does not depend on a single change in the gene, but on the accumulation of numerous sequence variants. The complexity of the genetic basis of KTCN causes the need to find another approach to further investigate the etiology of KTCN. Support: National Science Centre (Poland), Grant 2011/03/N/NZ5/01470
Cell biological mechanisms of wound healing
Authors: JÄRVINEN T 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Tissue repair is among the most complex biological processes that occur during human life. After an injury, multiple biological pathways become activated and are coordinated through three distinct phases of inflammation, proliferation and maturation to yield the reparative response. What distinguishes different tissues in their response to insult is that some tissues, such as bone, can regenerate and replace the injured tissue with tissue that is identical to one that existed there before, whereas most tissues, including human skin, heal by a repair process where the original tissue is replaced by non‐functioning tissue known as a scar. The purpose is to review the repair process here Methods Skin wound healing can be considered as a model organism on which to base on our understanding of cell and molecular biology of the tissue repair. Results Knowledge on the biology of wound healing might help us to unlock latent regenerative pathways and steer the reparative response towards regenerative. Conclusion The identification of regenerative pathways could potentially change our current medical practices on tissue injuries as much as the introduction of antibiotics did for infectious diseases in the twentieth century
Commercial interest
Visual field testing in clinical practice ‐ The role of age, stage and follow‐up duration
Authors: JANSONIUS NM 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPerimetry is the key diagnostic tool for monitoring glaucoma patients with an established visual field defect. As perimetry is demanding for both the patient and the organization, it is important to perform it as efficient as possible, that is, perform the right number of tests, schedule the tests at the right moments, and interpret the test results correctly. Practical guidelines will be given on optimal data acquisition and interpretation in clinical practice. The importance of an adequate monitoring depends on the risk of life‐time blindness – and thus on age, glaucoma stage, and treatment. An easily applicable tool that can be used to estimate this risk will be presented.
Is there any place for non‐standard automated perimetry in glaucoma monitoring?
Authors: CHAUHAN B 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSeveral modes of non‐standard automated perimetry have been introduced for the detection and the follow‐up of glaucoma, with some techniques described over 30 years ago. The objective of these techniques was to allow clinicians to monitor glaucoma more effectively than standard automated perimetry. In spite of dozens of studies that report apparently favourable results with these techniques, their use has not become widespread, and arguably is decreasing. This presentation will review the evidence for the merit of non‐standard automated perimetry and argue that given that the frequency of standard automated perimetry is well below practice standards, non‐standard perimetric techniques have a limited role in glaucoma.
Irido‐ciliary tumours of the pigmented and non‐pigmented ciliary epithelium
Authors: DAMATO B 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTumours of the pigmented and non‐pigmented ciliary epithelium include adenoma and adenocarcinoma, which can be pigmented or amelanotic according to whether they arise in the pigmented or the non‐pigmented ciliary epithelium. These tumours can invade the anterior chamber and corneal endothelium. They can be multinodular. Complications include pigment scatter, subluxation of the lens, cataract, vitreous seeding and haemorrhage. Necrosis can cause uveitis. Histological differentiation between adenoma and adenocarcinoma can be difficult. Malignant tumours can spread extraocularly to cause an epibulbar tumour or proptosis. Some tumours arise in blind, traumatized eyes. The differential diagnosis includes melanoma, melanocytoma, Fuch's adenoma, epibulbar squamous cell carcinoma and medullopithelioma. Diagnosis is best achieved by excision biopsy, which also provides a cure. Radiotherapy can be followed by persistent uveitis and glaucoma ('toxic tumour syndrome'). Treatment, if indicated, usually consists of excision, if possible conserving the eye with useful vision.
RVO: A complex disease
Authors: PAQUES M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe events following a venous obstruction are poorly known, at the fundamental as well as at the clinical level. Experimental studies are poorly contributive, due to the questionable pertinence relative to the clinical situation. Despite numerous epidemiological studies, there is no strong consensus on the risk factors of RVO, especially the role of coagulation abnormalities, which appear to be modest at best. High blood pressure and glaucoma appears to be involved, however their pathophysiological role remains obscure. Controversies regarding the role of diabetes may be due to the fact that diabetics do more severe forms of RVO, hence a recruitment bias. The natural history of RVO is highly unpredictable at an individual level. Such poor predictibility may arouse from the intertwining of several parameters such as degree and duration of flow obstruction, blood pressure, intensity of microvascular remodelling… The aim of this SIS is to adress some still unanswered questions about RVOs, to point controversies, and to propose new pathways for a better understanding and clinical management of these patients.
Methods used to measure patient perceptions
Authors: RUBIN GS 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe number and popularity of patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) have increased dramatically over the past two decades. At last count there were over 100 vision‐specific PROMs covering all of the major eye diseases, including glaucoma. In this paper we discuss some of the main issues faced by developers and users of PROMs in glaucoma. Glaucoma‐specific PROMs have been developed for many levels of patient assessment ranging from multifactorial “quality of life” questionnaires (e.g. the Glau‐QoL and GQL‐15) to the more specific symptom scales (GSS) . The standard validation procedure for PROMs ensures that questionnaire scores are in fairly good agreement with measured performance of everyday visual tasks, at least for PROMs that are designed to measure activity limitation or functional ability. But they don’t always agree, and we will illustrate how this disagreement may be informative and help identify patients who are at risk for functional decline. Finally, we will explore how modern questionnaire design, especially Rasch analysis, has changed the way we think about questionnaire scores and the implications of these changes for improving the content (item banks) and efficiency (computer adaptive testing) of future PROMs.
Corneal refractive power after anterior lamellar versus penetrating keratoplasty
Authors: BORDERIE VM , SANDALI O , GEORGEON C , BORDERIE M , TOUZEAU O , BOUHERAOUA N , LAROCHE L 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To analyze the influence of various factors on the post‐operative refractive power after anterior lamellar keratoplasty (ALK) and penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in eyes with corneal diseases not involving the corneal endothelium.Methods Retrospective comparative case series. Two hundred and thirty‐eight consecutive eyes of 238 patients with clear graft and at least one post‐operative Orbscan examination performed after suture removal were retrospectively analyzed. Multivariate analysis of recipient and surgical parameters was performed by multivariate regression.Results The average Orbscan 3‐mm corneal power was 47.1 D with a wide 95%‐confidence interval [40.3 D; 53.9 D]. It was 47.9 D for ALKs and 46.2 D for PKs (p<0.01). In eyes with anterior lamellar keratoplasty, this figure was 48.2 D for oversized grafts and 44.0 D for non‐oversized grafts (p<0.001). It was significantly higher for eyes with keratoconus (48.2 D) or stromal scar after infectious keratitis (47.8 D) compared with stromal scar after trauma (43.6 D) or stromal dystrophies (41.3 D). The average Orbscan 3‐mm SimK cylinder was 4.7 D [0.0 D; 10.7 D] for ALKs and 5.2 D [0.0 D; 10.9 D] for PKs (p>0.5).Conclusion The post‐operative, suture‐out, corneal refractive power is higher after ALK compared with PK and it features important variability. In ALK eyes, non‐oversized grafts result in post‐operative corneal power close to normal values and corneal diseases associated with stromal thinning result in higher post‐operative corneal power. Taking into account these parameters at the time of surgery may help decreasing the post‐operative spherical refractive error.