bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Salernitan school of medicine: Women, men, and children. A syndromological review of the oldest medical school in the western world
Authors: Della Monica Matteo , Mauri Roberto , Scarano Francesca , Lonardo Fortunato , Scarano Gioacchino 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEver since the 9th century during the High Middle Ages, the “Schola Medica Salernitana,” believed to be the first medical school in the western world, flourished in Salerno, a city in southern Italy. Although an important role is attributed to several men of this school, who were recognized as wise and learned doctors, modern historiography has also reevaluated and extolled the praiseworthy role of women. Contrary to the common beliefs and expectations of a woman's “place” at the time, these women were fully titled physicians. Attention was also paid to the health and welfare of children. However, there are no apparent references to physical disabilities, a mysterious omission that seems incompatible with an institution that stood as a beacon of knowledge for centuries. Mysteries, discoveries, and potential hidden messages are mingled in a fascinating medieval codex yet to be fully deciphered. The medical school reached its maximum splendor between the years of 1000 and 1300 AD. After alternating fortunes, the Salernitan institution began a slow decline due to the explosive development of other universities, such as those in Paris, Bologna, Padua, and most significantly, the nearby University of Naples. It was eventually closed by the King of Naples, Joachim Murat, November 29, 1811. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Co‐occurrence of autism, childhood psychosis, and intellectual disability associated with a de novo 3q29 microdeletion
Authors: Sagar Angela , Bishop Jeffrey R. , Tessman D. Clare , Guter Steve , Martin Christa L. , Cook Edwin H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSome copy number variants (CNVs) are strongly implicated in both schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Childhood‐onset schizophrenia (COS) occurs rarely with 0.1–1% of all schizophrenia diagnoses manifesting before age 10. 3q29 deletions are associated with both autism and schizophrenia, and are rare—the frequency of the deletion estimated to be 1 in 1,750 in developmental disorders. Only one patient with a 3q29 deletion was identified out of the first 1,174 families with ASDs included in the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC). We report on detailed clinical findings for this patient with a de novo 3q29 deletion who, as a young child, developed a very rare overlap of symptoms of both autism and early onset psychosis. His ASD was first diagnosed at the age of 4 years and his psychotic symptoms began at 5 years old. This is only the second case reported thus far of this rare event of co‐occurring autism and very early onset psychosis in a child with a 3q29 deletion. It is also the earliest case of a child with autism developing comorbid psychosis—manifesting by the age of 5 years. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GenTAC registry report: Gender differences among individuals with genetically triggered thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection
Authors: Holmes Kathryn W. , Maslen Cheryl L. , Kindem Mark , Kroner Barbara L. , Song Howard K. , Ravekes William , Dietz H.C. , Weinsaft Jonathan W. , Roman Mary J. , Devereux Richard B. , Pyeritz Reed E. , Bavaria Joseph , Milewski Karianna , Milewicz Dianna , LeMaire Scott A. , Hendershot Tabitha , Eagle Kim A. , Tolunay H. Eser , Desvigne‐Nickens Patrice , Silberbach Michael ,   for the GenTAC Registry Consortium
Published: February 2013

AbstractPrevious data suggest women are at increased risk of death from aortic dissection. Therefore, we analyzed data from the GenTAC registry, the NIH‐sponsored program that collects information about individuals with genetically triggered thoracic aortic aneurysms and cardiovascular conditions. We performed cross‐sectional analyses in adults with Marfan syndrome (MFS), familial thoracic aortic aneurysm or dissection (FTAAD), bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) with thoracic aortic aneurysm or dissection, and subjects under 50 years of age with thoracic aortic aneurysm or dissection (TAAD <50 years). Women comprised 32% of 1,449 subjects and were 21% of subjects with BAV, 34% with FTAAD, 22% with TAAD <50 years, and 47% with MFS. Thoracic aortic dissections occurred with equal gender frequency yet women with BAV had more extensive dissections. Aortic size was smaller in women but was similar after controlling for BSA. Age at operation for aortic valve dysfunction, aneurysm or dissection did not differ by gender. Multivariate analysis (adjusting for age, BSA, hypertension, study site, diabetes, and subgroup diagnoses) showed that women had fewer total aortic surgeries (OR = 0.65, P < 0.01) and were less likely to receive angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi; OR = 0.68, P < 0.05). As in BAV, other genetically triggered aortic diseases such as FTAAD and TAAD <50 are more common in males. In women, decreased prevalence of aortic operations and less treatment with ACEi may be due to their smaller absolute aortic diameters. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine if women are at higher risk for adverse events. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Previously Undiscovered Group of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) is Observed Living in the Tonkolili District of Sierra Leone
Authors: HALLORAN ANDREW R. , CLOUTIER CHRISTINA T. , SESAY PAPANIE BAI 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA previously undocumented group of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) was recently discovered along the Pampana River in the Tonkolili District of Sierra Leone. Based on interviews from local residents (N = 6), we estimate the group size to be approximately 30 individuals. Though this population does not show up in the most recent census of chimpanzees in Sierra Leone, it concurs with findings that indicate most of the chimpanzees in Sierra Leone live scattered throughout the country alongside villages, rather than in protected areas. During a three‐week observation in the area, two chimpanzees were hunted and killed. The reason for these deaths, along with other reported instances of hunting in the area, are primarily due to crop‐raiding and competition for resources between chimpanzees and humans. We conclude that this is a heavily imperiled population. Based on the ecology of the area and composition of local villages, we propose a number of conservation strategies that will promote a symbiotic relationship between the chimpanzees and human populations residing in the area. Am. J. Primatol. 75:519‐523, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic genealogy comes of age: Perspectives on the use of deep‐rooted pedigrees in human population genetics
Authors: Larmuseau M.H.D. , Van Geystelen A. , van Oven M. , Decorte R. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, we promote the implementation of extensive genealogical data in population genetic studies. Genealogical records can provide valuable information on the origin of DNA donors in a population genetic study, going beyond the commonly collected data such as residence, birthplace, language, and self‐reported ethnicity. Recent studies demonstrated that extended genealogical data added to surname analysis can be crucial to detect signals of (past) population stratification and to interpret the population structure in a more objective manner. Moreover, when in‐depth pedigree data are combined with haploid markers, it is even possible to disentangle signals of temporal differentiation within a population genetic structure during the last centuries. Obtaining genealogical data for all DNA donors in a population genetic study is a labor‐intensive task but the vastly growing (genetic) genealogical databases, due to the broad interest of the public, are making this job more time‐efficient if there is a guarantee for sufficient data quality. At the end, we discuss the advantages and pitfalls of using genealogy within sampling campaigns and we provide guidelines for future population genetic studies. Am J Phys Anthropol 150:505–511, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional plasticity of the human humerus: Shape, rigidity, and muscular entheses
Authors: Ibáñez‐Gimeno Pere , De Esteban‐Trivigno Soledad , Jordana Xavier , Manyosa Joan , Malgosa Assumpció , Galtés Ignasi 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe relationship between the mechanical loading undergone by a bone and its form has been widely assumed as a premise in studies aiming to reconstruct behavioral patterns from skeletal remains. Nevertheless, this relationship is complex due to the existence of many factors affecting bone structure and form, and further research combining structural and shape characteristics is needed. Using two‐block PLS, which is a test to analyze the covariance between two sets of variables, we aim to investigate the relationship between upper‐limb entheseal changes, cross‐sectional properties, and contour shape of the humeral diaphysis. Our results show that individuals with strongly marked entheseal changes have increased diaphyseal rigidities. Bending rigidities are mainly related to entheseal changes of muscles that cross the shoulder. Moreover, the entheseal changes of muscles that participate in the rotation of the arm are related to mediolaterally flatter and ventrodorsally broader humeral shapes in the mid‐proximal diaphysis. In turn, this diaphyseal shape is related to diaphyseal rigidity, especially to bending loadings. The shape of the diaphysis of the rest of the humerus does not covary either with rigidity or with entheseal changes. The results indicate that large muscular scars, such as those found in the mid‐proximal diaphyses, seem to be related to diaphyseal shape, whereas this relationship is not seen for areas with less direct influences of powerful muscles. Am J Phys Anthropol 150:609–617, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The variable roads to sacrifice: Isotopic investigations of human remains from Chotuna‐Huaca de los Sacrificios, Lambayeque, Peru
Authors: Turner Bethany L. , Klaus Haagen D. , Livengood Sarah V. , Brown Leslie E. , Saldaña Fausto , Wester Carlos 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis study investigates two key variables—residential context and subsistence—among sacrificial victims dating to the Late Horizon (A.D. 1450–1532) in the Huaca de los Sacrificios at the Chotuna‐Chornancap Archaeological Complex in north coastal Peru. We investigate whether aspects of sacrifice in this distant coastal province mirrored that found in Inca heartland contexts such as the capacocha, or remained more typical of coastal sacrificial traditions. Stable carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotope values were characterized in bone carbonate, bone collagen, and hair keratin to estimate geographic residence during the decade before death and diet in the decade, versus months, before death. Bone δ18Ocarbonate values have a mean (±SD) of 26.8 ± 1.1%, bone δ13Ccarbonate values −6.7 ± 1.7%, and bone δ13Ccollagen values 11.8 ± 1.3%; bone δ15Ncollagen values have a mean of 11.5 ± 1.3%. Combined hair δ13Ckeratin values have a mean of −12.8 ± 1.6%, and hair δ15Nkeratin values 10.8 ± 1.3%. In contrast to contemporaneous coastal and highland contexts, we are unable to identify immigrants among the sacrificed individuals or changes in diet that indicate provisioning with a standardized diet leading up to death. Instead, results suggest that victims were local to the area, but consumed moderately variable diets consistent with local subsistence patterns. These findings suggest a distinct pattern of human sacrifice in the Late Horizon and underscore the regional and temporal variation in sacrificial practices in the central Andes. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:22–37, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Industrielle Anwendungen der Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion
Authors: Funel Jacques‐Alexis , Abele Stefan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDie Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion ist eine der beliebtesten Reaktionen aus dem Repertoire des Synthesechemikers zum effizienten Aufbau komplexer Moleküle. Überraschenderweise ist aber nur wenig zu ihrer industriellen Anwendung bei der Synthese von pharmakologischen Wirkstoffen, Agrochemikalien oder Riech‐ und Aromastoffen bekannt. Dieser Aufsatz behandelt ausgewählte Beispiele, mit einem Schwerpunkt auf Anwendungen in größerem Maßstab (>1 kg) aus Sicht der Prozessforschung und –entwicklung.
Light Energy Collection in a Porphyrin–Imide–Corrole Ensemble
Authors: Ciuciu Adina I. , Flamigni Lucia , Voloshchuk Roman , Gryko Daniel T. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn assembly consisting of three units, that is, a meso‐substituted corrole (C3), 1,8 naphthaleneimide (NIE), and a Zn porphyrin (ZnP), has been synthesized. NIE is connected to C3 through a 1,3‐phenylene bridge and to the ZnP unit through a direct CC bond. The convergent synthetic strategy includes the preparation of a trans‐A2B‐corrole possessing the imide unit, followed by Sonogashira coupling with a meso‐substituted A3B‐porphyrin. The photophysical processes in the resulting triad ZnP-NIE-C3 are examined and compared with those of the corresponding C3-NIE dyad and the constituent reference models C3, NIE, and ZnP. Excitation of the NIE unit in C3-NIE leads to a fast energy transfer of 98 % efficiency to C3 with a rate ken=7.5×1010 s−1, whereas excitation of the corrole unit leads to a reactivity of the excited state identical to that of the model C3, with a deactivation rate to the ground state k=2.5×108 s−1. Energy transfer to C3 and to ZnP moieties follows excitation of NIE in the triad ZnP-NIE-C3. The rates are ken=7.5×1010 s−1 and ken=2.5×1010 s−1 for the sensitization of the C3 and ZnP unit, respectively. The light energy transferred from NIE to Zn porphyrin unit is ultimately funneled to the corrole component, which is the final recipient of the excitation energy absorbed by the different components of the array. The latter process occurs with a rate ken=3.4×109 s−1 and 89 % efficiency. Energy transfer processes take place in all cases by a Förster (dipole–dipole) mechanism. The theory predicts quite satisfactorily the rate for the ZnP/C3 couple, where components are separated by about 23 Å, but results in calculated rates that are one to two orders of magnitude higher for the couples NIE/ZnP (D/A) and NIE/C3, which are separated by distances of about 14 and 10 Å, respectively.
ASIS&T annual meeting award winners: A career in information retrieval research
Authors: Järvelin Kalervo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEditor's SummaryRecalling his start in information science studies, 2012 ASIS&T Research Award winner Kalervo Järvelin explained that reading seminal books in the field influenced his academic and research path. A call to devise a curriculum for classification, indexing and information retrieval drew him away from computer science and firmed his career focus. Driven by the idea that information should be fully accessible for all, regardless of format, language or location, Jarvelin pursued studies on the contribution of natural language processing, ontology‐driven query expansion and feedback, cross‐language information retrieval and metrics for retrieval evaluation. He spoke of challenges for information retrieval, including morphologic complexity of his native language and others, vocabulary mismatch between query and text, and optimal methods for assessing relevance of search returns. Järvelin's current research is on information retrieval in specific task settings and simulating human information behavior for more efficient analysis. An extensive list of publications and awards provides evidence of Järvelin's significant contributions to information science.
Looking out for the little guy: Small data curation
Authors: Akers Katherine Goold 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEditor's SummaryWhile big data and its management are in the spotlight, a vast number of important research projects generate relatively small amounts of data that are nonetheless valuable yet rarely preserved. Such studies are often focused precursors to follow‐up work and generate less noisy data than grand scale projects. Yet smaller quantity does not equate to simpler management. Data from smaller studies may be captured in a variety of file formats with no standard approach to documentation, metadata or preparation for archiving or reuse, making its curation even more challenging than for big data. As the information managers most likely to encounter small datasets, academic librarians should cooperate to develop workable strategies to document, organize, preserve and disseminate local small datasets so that valuable scholarly information can be discovered and shared.
Are Malaysian Teachers Ready to Assume the Duties of Reporting Child Abuse and Neglect?
Authors: Choo Wan Yuen , Walsh Kerryann , Marret Mary Joseph , Chinna Karuthan , Tey Nai Peng 
Published: February 2013

Mandatory child abuse and neglect reporting laws apply to teachers in many countries of the world. However, such laws have not yet been introduced for teachers in Malaysia, and there is debate about whether the laws should be extended to teachers at all. This paper aimed to investigate the level of support among teachers to assume mandatory reporting duties and to identify factors determining this support in Malaysia. A total of 668 teachers from 14 randomly selected public primary schools completed an anonymous self‐administered questionnaire. Results showed that 44.4 per cent of the respondents supported legislation requiring teachers to report child abuse. Teachers of Indian ethnicity, those with a shorter duration of service in teaching (< 5 years), the availability of knowledgeable and supportive school staff and a higher level of commitment to reporting were significant factors affecting teachers' support for mandatory reporting. This study provides important insights into factors influencing teachers' support for the introduction of mandatory reporting legislation for teachers in Malaysia. Teachers do not unanimously support these laws and there is a lack of clarity about what such laws will mean for teachers. The data highlight the need for specific training programmes to raise teachers' awareness, build their confidence and enhance their willingness to report child abuse. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Messages

Malaysia does not currently have mandatory child maltreatment reporting requirements for teachers.
Factors influencing teachers' support for the introduction of mandatory reporting include an attitude of commitment to the duty and the availability of other knowledgeable and supportive school staff.
There is a need for specific training programmes to raise teachers' awareness, build their confidence, and enhance their willingness to engage with issues relating to child maltreatment.‘44.4 per cent of the respondents supported legislation requiring teachers to report child abuse’‘The criminal justice system are not being provided with the appropriate data to measure throughput through the system’
Provisional side branch‐stenting for coronary bifurcation lesions
Authors: Mylotte Darren , Routledge Helen , Harb Talal , Garot Philippe , Hovasse Thomas , Benamer Hakim , Unterseeh Thierry , Chevalier Bernard , Morice Marie‐Claude , Louvard Yves , Lefèvre Thierry 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesTo determine whether recent technical modifications have improved clinical outcomes for patients undergoing contemporary bifurcation lesion percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundProvisional side branch (SB)‐stenting has become the preferred strategy for bifurcation PCI. Newer generation drug‐eluting stents (DESs), the proximal optimization technique (POT), and the use of noncompliant (NC) balloons for final kissing inflation (FKI) have the potential to optimize outcomes.MethodWe compared baseline characteristics, procedural and clinical outcomes in 300 consecutive patient pairs treated in 2005 and 2009. The primary outcome measure was the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 2‐years.ResultsCompared to 2005, patients undergoing PCI in 2009 were at higher risk: prior myocardial infarction (18% vs. 8%, P = 0.0004), left ventricular function (EF 54 ± 13% vs. 61 ± 12%, P < 0.0001). Cypher (53 vs. 3%, P < 0.001) and Taxus (47 vs. 11%, P < 0.0001) stents were used more frequently in 2005, and Xience V in 2009 (0 vs. 47%, P < 0.0001). In 2009, the POT was performed in 36% and NC balloons used for FKI in 81%. SB stenting was required less frequently in 2009 (9% vs. 22%, P < 0.001). Two‐year MACE was significantly lower in 2009 than 2005 (5.7 vs. 11.3%, P = 0.02), a difference driven by fewer cardiac deaths (2.0 vs. 5.0%, P = 0.05). MACE was independently associated with left main bifurcation treatment [hazard ratio (HR) 1.85:95%, CI 1.04–3.29; P = 0.036], side‐branch stenting (HR 2.31:95% CI 1.27–4.20; P = 0.006), and PCI in 2005 (HR 1.86:95% CI 1.03–3.37; P = 0.004).ConclusionsTogether, contemporary techniques and newer generation DES appear to improve outcomes and are both recommended for widespread uptake in patients undergoing provisional SB stenting for coronary bifurcation lesions.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isostructural Metal–Organic Frameworks Assembled from Functionalized Diisophthalate Ligands through a Ligand‐Truncation Strategy
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Li Jian‐Rong , Verdegaal Wolfgang M. , Liu Tian‐Fu , Zhou Hong‐Cai 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFour isostructural metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with various functionalized pore surfaces were synthesized from a series of diisophthalate ligands. These MOFs exhibit a new network topology of {4.64.8}2{42.64}{64.82}2{66}. Hydrogen uptake as high as 2.67 wt % at 77 K/1 bar and CO2 uptake of 15.4 wt % at 297 K/1 bar have been observed for PCN‐308, which contains CF3 groups. The isostructural series of MOFs also showed reasonable adsorption selectivity of CO2 over CH4 and N2.
Probing the Different Life Stages of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Particle with Integrated Laser and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Karreman Matthia A. , Buurmans Inge L. C. , Agronskaia Alexandra V. , Geus John W. , Gerritsen Hans C. , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWhile cycling through a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit, the structure and performance of FCC catalyst particles are severely affected. In this study, we set out to characterize the damage to commercial equilibrium catalyst particles, further denoted as ECat samples, and map the different pathways involved in their deactivation in a practical unit. The degradation was studied on a structural and a functional level. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of ECat samples revealed several structural features; including zeolite crystals that were partly or fully severed, mesoporous, macroporous, and/or amorphous. These defects were then correlated to structural features observed in FCC particles that were treated with different levels of hydrothermal deactivation. This allowed us not only to identify which features observed in ECat samples were a result of hydrothermal deactivation, but also to determine the severity of treatments resulting in these defects. For functional characterization of the ECat sample, the Brønsted acidity within individual FCC particles was studied by a selective fluorescent probe reaction with 4‐fluorostyrene. Integrated laser and electron microscopy (iLEM) allowed correlating this Brønsted acidity to structural features by combining a fluorescence and a transmission electron microscope in a single set‐up. Together, these analyses allowed us to postulate a plausible model for the degradation of zeolite crystals in FCC particles in the ECat sample. Furthermore, the distribution of the various deactivation processes within particles of different ages was studied. A rim of completely deactivated zeolites surrounding each particle in the ECat sample was identified by using iLEM. These zeolites, which were never observed in fresh or steam‐deactivated samples, contained clots of dense structures. The structures are proposed to be carbonaceous deposits formed during the cracking process, and seem resistant towards burning off during catalyst regeneration.