bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the behavior of compact ultrawideband tunable bandwidth semicomplementary split ring resonator bandpass filter
Authors: NaghshvarianJahromi Mahdi , Ghorabani Ayaz 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis article proposes a compact quasi elliptic ultrawideband band‐pass filter with low insertion loss using a defective ground structure (DGS). The proposed filter is a DGS filter. The measurements results for 1‐dB cutoff frequency show that, the pass‐band is 3.2–7.4 GHz or 79% fractional bandwidth at 5.3 GHz center frequency and minimum insertion loss in pass‐band is 0.33 dB at frequencies of 5.4 GHz with two transmission zeros are found at 1.8 and 8.6 GHz. The upper stopband is stretched up to 11.2 GHz, over which a rejection is higher than 21.2 dB. The group delay in pass‐band is less than 0.40 ns with a maximum variation of 0.1 ns approximately. Therefore, its value and variations is really low. The bandwidth of the proposed filter is potentially tunable and the 1‐dB cutoff fractional bandwidth can change from 58.4% at 4.62 GHz up to 98.4% at 5.93 GHz center frequency. Furthermore, the design methodology and some new geometries are presented. Moreover, the distributed equivalent circuit model based on geometrical filter parameters is introduced in this article. Thus, the microstrip‐slotline transitions are used for modeling the magnetic field coupling between microstrip line and slotline. Finally, this contribution proposes an improved model and results for the semicomplementary split ring resonator resonator that are shown by practical results, design methodology, and distributed equivalent circuit model. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:256–263, 2015
An internal octa‐band printed antenna for mobile phones LTE applications
Authors: Wang Luofen , Lin Wenbin , Yang Guangli 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTA novel compact internal antenna combining a monopole and a parasitic planar inverted‐F antenna type of structure is presented. Based on voltage standing wave ratio <3:1, the operation bandwidths are 42% from 704 to 1083 MHz and 57.7% from 1660 to 3000 MHz to cover LTE700/GSM850/900/DCS1800/PCS1900/UMTS/LTE2300/LTE2500 for mobile phones. The proposed antenna is designed and printed on printed circuit board with compact size of 60 × 15 × 1.2 mm3. Measured average low band efficiency is about 60% and high band efficiency is about 70%. The simulated specific absorption rate at required frequency is less than 1.0 mW/g. Both antenna size and performance showed that this antenna has great potential for slim phone applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:247–252, 2015
Decreased induction morbidity and mortality following modification to induction therapy in infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia enrolled on AALL0631: A report from the children's oncology group
Authors: Salzer Wanda L. , Jones Tamekia L. , Devidas Meenakshi , Dreyer ZoAnn E. , Gore Lia , Winick Naomi J. , Sung Lillian , Raetz Elizabeth , Loh Mignon L. , Wang Cindy Y. , De Lorenzo Paola , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Pieters Rob , Carroll William L. , Hunger Stephen P. , Hilden Joanne M. , Brown Patrick 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundInfants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a poor prognosis. Intensification of therapy has resulted in fewer relapses but increased early deaths, resulting in failure to improve survival.ProcedureAALL0631 is a Phase 3 study for infants (<366 days of age) with newly diagnosed ALL. Induction initially (Cohort 1) consisted of 3 weeks of therapy based on COG P9407. Due to excessive early mortality, induction was amended to a less intensive 5 weeks of therapy based on Interfant‐99. Additionally, enhanced supportive care guidelines were incorporated with hospitalization during induction until evidence of marrow recovery and recommendations for prevention/treatment of infections (Cohort 2).ResultsInduction mortality was significantly lower for patients in Cohort 2 (2/123, 1.6%) versus Cohort 1 (4/26, 15.4%; P = 0.009). All induction deaths were infection related except one due to progressive disease (Cohort 2). Sterile site infections were lower for patients in Cohort 2 (24/123, 19.5%) versus Cohort 1 (15/26, 57.7%; P = 0.0002), with a significantly lower rate of Gram positive infections during induction for patients in Cohort 2, P = 0.0002. No clinically significant differences in grades 3–5 non‐infectious toxicities were observed between the two cohorts. Higher complete response rates were observed at end induction intensification for Cohort 2 (week 9, 94/100, 94%) versus Cohort 1 (week 7, 17/25, 68%; P = 0.0.0012).ConclusionDe‐intensification of induction therapy and enhanced supportive care guidelines significantly decreased induction mortality and sterile site infections, without decreasing complete remission rates. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:414–418. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamics of a local Alpine flooding event in October 2011: moisture source and large‐scale circulation
Authors: Piaget Nicolas , Froidevaux Paul , Giannakaki Paraskevi , Gierth Franziska , Martius Olivia , Riemer Michael , Wolf Gabriel , Grams Christian M. 
Published: November 2014

Alpine heavy precipitation events often affect small catchments, although the circulation pattern leading to the event extends over the entire North Atlantic. The various scale interactions involved are particularly challenging for the numerical weather prediction of such events. Unlike previous studies focusing on the southern Alps, here a comprehensive study of a heavy precipitation event in the northern Alps in October 2011 is presented with particular focus on the role of the large‐scale circulation in the North Atlantic/European region. During the event exceptionally high amounts of total precipitable water occurred in and north of the Alps. This moisture was initially transported along the flanks of a blocking ridge over the North Atlantic. Subsequently, strong and persistent northerly flow established at the upstream flank of a trough over Europe and steered the moisture towards the northern Alps. Lagrangian diagnostics reveal that a large fraction of the moisture emerged from the West African coast where a subtropical upper‐level cut‐off low served as an important moisture collector. Wave activity flux diagnostics show that the ridge was initiated as part of a low‐frequency, large‐scale Rossby wave train while convergence of fast transients helped to amplify it locally in the North Atlantic. A novel diagnostic for advective potential vorticity tendencies sheds more light on this amplification and further emphasizes the role of the ridge in amplifying the trough over Europe. Operational forecasts misrepresented the amplitude and orientation of this trough.For the first time, this study documents an important pathway for northern Alpine flooding, in which the interaction of synoptic‐scale to large‐scale weather systems and of long‐range moisture transport from the Tropics are dominant. Moreover, the trapping of moisture in a subtropical cut‐off near the West African coast is found to be a crucial precursor to the observed European high‐impact weather.
Polytocus focus: Uterine position effect is dependent upon horn size
Authors: McLaurin Kristen A. , Mactutus Charles F. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the variability caused by uterine position effects in polytocus species, such as rats, may enhance prenatal animal models for the study of drug and environmental agents. The primiparous litters of 42 intact female Sprague‐Dawley rats were studied. Uterine position, fetal body weight, and fetal brain (wet) weight were recorded on gestation day (GD) 20 (GD 0 = sperm positive). Uterine position effect for brain and body weight varied depending upon horn size. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between horn size (and, to a lesser extent, litter size) and fetal weight applied to both body and brain weight measures. There were no statistical differences in brain and body weights between the left and right uterine horns. The position of the uterine horn (left vs. right) and litter size did not influence the uterine position effect in the rat. Collectively, the present data suggest the presence of a significant uterine position effect. Prenatal differences based on uterine position provide an untapped opportunity to increase our understanding of developmental neurotoxicological and teratological studies that employ a polytocus species as an animal model.
Efficacy in the Reduction of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection in a Patient With Intestinal Failure: An Ethanol Lock Pediatric Case Study
Authors: Pitts Stephanie , Bergamo Dale , Cartaya Carlos , Gore Beth 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIntestinal failure and the subsequent reliance on parentral nutrition through central venous catheters increases the likelihood of a central line-associated bloodstream infection. Antimicrobial lock solutions such as ethanol lock therapy are providing promising evidence of the ability to reduce central line-associated bloodstream infection. This case study reviews the use of ethanol lock therapy for a pediatric patient who experienced 0 central line-associated bloodstream infections during the 2-year time period covered by this report.
Care of Peripheral Venous Catheter Sites: Advantages of Transparent Film Dressings Over Tape and Gauze
Authors: Bernatchez Stéphanie F. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPeripheral intravenous (PIV) catheters are the most commonly used catheters in hospitals, with up to 70% of patients requiring a peripheral venous line during their hospital stay. This represents 200 million PIV catheters used per year in acute-care hospitals in the United States alone. These medical devices are also used in other health care settings, such as long-term care facilities and nursing homes, and common indications include the administration of medications, nutrients, and fluids. These catheters require proper maintenance and care to avoid complications such as phlebitis, infiltration, occlusion, local infection, and bloodstream infection. Recently it has been suggested that PIV catheter use may lead to a higher rate of complications than previously thought. This is important because some studies have claimed that the rate of bloodstream infections due to PIV catheters is actually comparable to the rates observed with central venous catheters, rather than much lower as previously thought. Moreover, catheter-related infections are now seen as largely preventable. Our goal was to review the current literature and provide an overview of the various approaches used to manage PIV catheter sites as well as review current recommendations.
Exploring the phase diagram of fully turbulent Taylor–Couette flow
Authors: Ostilla-Mónico Rodolfo , van der Poel Erwin P. , Verzicco Roberto , Grossmann Siegfried , Lohse Detlef 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDirect numerical simulations of Taylor–Couette flow, i.e. the flow between two coaxial and independently rotating cylinders, were performed. Shear Reynolds numbers of up to $3\times 10^{5}$, corresponding to Taylor numbers of $\mathit{Ta}=4.6\times 10^{10}$, were reached. Effective scaling laws for the torque are presented. The transition to the ultimate regime, in which asymptotic scaling laws (with logarithmic corrections) for the torque are expected to hold up to arbitrarily high driving, is analysed for different radius ratios, different aspect ratios and different rotation ratios. It is shown that the transition is approximately independent of the aspect and rotation ratios, but depends significantly on the radius ratio. We furthermore calculate the local angular velocity profiles and visualize different flow regimes that depend both on the shearing of the flow, and the Coriolis force originating from the outer cylinder rotation. Two main regimes are distinguished, based on the magnitude of the Coriolis force, namely the co-rotating and weakly counter-rotating regime dominated by Rayleigh-unstable regions, and the strongly counter-rotating regime where a mixture of Rayleigh-stable and Rayleigh-unstable regions exist. Furthermore, an analogy between radius ratio and outer-cylinder rotation is revealed, namely that smaller gaps behave like a wider gap with co-rotating cylinders, and that wider gaps behave like smaller gaps with weakly counter-rotating cylinders. Finally, the effect of the aspect ratio on the effective torque versus Taylor number scaling is analysed and it is shown that different branches of the torque-versus-Taylor relationships associated to different aspect ratios are found to cross within 15 % of the Reynolds number associated to the transition to the ultimate regime. The paper culminates in phase diagram in the inner versus outer Reynolds number parameter space and in the Taylor versus inverse Rossby number parameter space, which can be seen as the extension of the Andereck et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 164, 1986, pp. 155–183) phase diagram towards the ultimate regime.
Why, how and when MHD turbulence at low becomes three-dimensional
Authors: Pothérat Alban , Klein Rico 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMagnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence at low magnetic Reynolds number is experimentally investigated by studying a liquid metal flow in a cubic domain. We focus on the mechanisms that determine whether the flow is quasi-two-dimensional, three-dimensional or in any intermediate state. To this end, forcing is applied by injecting a DC current $I$ through one wall of the cube only, to drive vortices spinning along the magnetic field. Depending on the intensity of the externally applied magnetic field, these vortices extend part or all of the way through the cube. Driving the flow in this way allows us to precisely control not only the forcing intensity but also its dimensionality. A comparison with the theoretical analysis of this configuration singles out the influences of the walls and of the forcing on the flow dimensionality. Flow dimensionality is characterised in several ways. First, we show that when inertia drives three-dimensionality, the velocity near the wall where current is injected scales as $U_{b}\sim I^{2/3}$. Second, we show that when the distance $l_{z}$ over which momentum diffuses under the action of the Lorentz force (Sommeria & Moreau, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 118, 1982, pp. 507–518) reaches the channel width $h$, the velocity near the opposite wall $U_{t}$ follows a similar law with a correction factor $(1-h/l_{z})$ that measures three-dimensionality. When $l_{z}<h$, by contrast, the opposite wall has less influence on the flow and $U_{t}\sim I^{1/2}$. The central role played by the ratio $l_{z}/h$ is confirmed by experimentally verifying the scaling $l_{z}\sim N^{1/2}$ put forward by Sommeria & Moreau ($N$ is the interaction parameter) and, finally, the nature of the three-dimensionality involved is further clarified by distinguishing weak and strong three-dimensionalities previously introduced by Klein & Pothérat (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 104 (3), 2010, 034502). It is found that both types vanish only asymptotically in the limit $N\rightarrow \infty$. This provides evidence that because of the no-slip walls, (i) the transition between quasi-two-dimensional and three-dimensional turbulence does not result from a global instability of the flow, unlike in domains with non-dissipative boundaries (Boeck et al. Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 101, 2008, 244501), and (ii) it does not occur simultaneously at all scales.
Forced dynamics of a short viscous liquid bridge
Authors: Vincent L. , Duchemin L. , Le Dizès S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe dynamics of an axisymmetric liquid bridge of a fluid of density ${\it\rho}$, viscosity ${\it\mu}$ and surface tension ${\it\sigma}$ held between two co-axial disks of equal radius $e$ is studied when one disk is slowly moved with a velocity $U(t)$. The analysis is performed using a one-dimensional model for thin bridges. We consider attached boundary conditions (the contact line is fixed to the boundary of the disk), neglect gravity and limit our analysis to short bridges such that there exists a stable equilibrium shape. This equilibrium is a Delaunay curve characterized by the two geometric parameters $\ell _{0}=V_{0}/({\rm\pi}e^{3})$ and $S=\ell ({\rm\pi}e^{2})/V_{0}$, where $V_{0}$ is the volume of fluid and $\ell$ the length of the bridge. Our objective is to analyse the departure of the dynamical solution from the static Delaunay shape as a function of $\ell _{0}$, $S$, the Ohnesorge number $Oh={\it\mu}/\sqrt{{\it\rho}{\it\sigma}e}$, and the instantaneous velocity $U(t)$ and acceleration $\partial _{t}U$ (non-dimensionalized using $e$ and ${\it\sigma}/{\it\rho}$) of the disk. Using a perturbation theory for small velocity and acceleration, we show that (i) a non-homogeneous velocity field proportional to $U(t)$ and independent of $Oh$ is present within the bridge; (ii) the area correction to the equilibrium shape can be written as $U^{2}A_{i}+U\,Oh\,A_{v}+\partial _{t}UA_{a}$ where $A_{i}$, $A_{v}$ and $A_{a}$ are functions of $\ell _{0}$ and $S$ only. The characteristics of the velocity field and the shape corrections are analysed in detail. For the case of a cylinder ($S=1$), explicit expressions are derived and used to provide some insight into the break-up that the deformation would induce. The asymptotic results are validated and tested by direct numerical simulations when the velocity is constant and when it oscillates. For the constant velocity case, we demonstrate that the theory provides a very good estimate of the dynamics for a large range of parameters. However, a systematic departure is observed for very small $Oh$ due to the persistence of free eigenmodes excited during the transient. These same eigenmodes also limit the applicability of the theory to oscillating bridges with large oscillating periods. Finally, the perturbation theory is applied to the cylindrical solution of Frankel & Weihs (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 155 (1985), pp. 289–307) obtained for constant velocity $U$ when the contact lines are allowed to move. We show that it can be used to compute the correction associated with acceleration. Finally, the effect of gravity is discussed and shown to modify the equilibrium shape but not the main results obtained from the perturbation theory.
EFFECTS OF 30 YEARS REPEATED FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS ON SOIL PROPERTIES, MICROBES AND CROP YIELDS IN RICE–WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEMS
Authors: HU CHENG , LI SHUANG-LAI , QIAO YAN , LIU DONG-HAI , CHEN YUN-FENG 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYLong-term fertilization experiment has been conducted since 1981 to study the effect of soil management practices on soil fertility, soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration, soil culturable microbe counts and crop yields at the Nanhu Experimental Station in the Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences (situated in the middle reach of the Yangtze River and the rice–wheat cropping system). The experiment was designed with the following eight treatments: (1) unfertilized treatment: Control; (2) inorganic nitrogen fertilizer treatment: N; (3) inorganic nitrogen plus inorganic phosphorus fertilizer treatment: NP; (4) inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus plus inorganic potassium fertilizer treatment: NPK; (5) pig dung compost (manure) treatment: M; (6) inorganic nitrogen fertilizer plus manure: NM; (7) inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer plus manure treatment: NPM and (8) inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus, inorganic potassium fertilizer plus manure treatment: NPKM. The results showed that long-term application of organic manure in combination with inorganic fertilizer significantly (p< 0.05) increased soil organic C concentrations compared with the corresponding inorganic fertilizers alone. Soil organic C contents were significantly (p< 0.05) increased in balanced application of NPK fertilizers in comparison to unbalanced application of fertilizers. After 30 years of experiment, soil organic C and total N sequestration rate averagely were 0.48 t ha−1year−1and 28.3 kg ha−1year−1in the fertilized treatments respectively; nevertheless, it were 0.27 t ha−1year−1and 9.7 kg ha−1year−1in the unfertilized treatment. Application of organic fertilizer in combination with inorganic fertilizer significantly (p< 0.05) increased culturable microbial counts compared with the corresponding inorganic fertilizers alone. The balanced application of NPK fertilizers significantly (p< 0.05) increased culturable microbial counts compared with unbalanced application of fertilizers. The average grain yield of wheat and rice was significantly (p< 0.05) higher in organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizer treatment than in inorganic fertilizer alone and unfertilized control. Therefore, long-term application of organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizer and balanced application of NPK fertilizers could increase soil organic C and total N sequestration, culturable microbial counts and crop grain yields.
“Lacking in Respect for Whitemen”: “Tropical Africans” on the Witwatersrand Gold Mines, 1903–1904
Authors: Cobley Alan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn May 1903, 380 Africans were recruited from British Central Africa (modern Malawi) by the Witwatersrand Native Labour Association on one-year contracts to work in the gold mines. It was an experiment designed to test the potential for recruiting cheap black labor for the mines from the region north of the Zambesi. By the end of the contract period, more than a quarter of the men were either dead or permanently disabled. Their struggles to adapt to the harsh working conditions in the mines fueled a racist discourse among white South Africans about “Tropical Africans,” which focused on their supposed susceptibility to disease on the one hand, and their supposed “natural indolence” on the other. Notwithstanding these issues, the mine owners considered the experiment a success and moved rapidly to expand recruitment from the region in the years that followed. This article tells the story of this pioneering group of migrant workers, detailing their grim encounter with modernity and the power of capital in South Africa. It also suggests ways in which their experiences helped to determine the conditions of employment for the generations of migrant mineworkers that followed them.
Wage Labor and Mobility in Colonial Eritrea, 1880s to 1920s
Authors: Bellucci Stefano , Zaccaria Massimo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMobility and wage labor are two key variables that help to explain some of the complexities of the labor history of colonial Eritrea. Focusing on the initial period of Italian colonization, between the 1880s and 1920s, this article analyzes the relationship between the two above-mentioned variables. Based on previously unexplored archival sources and documents, the authors conclude that wage labor did contribute to the mobility of workers throughout the region (and not vice versa). In the period under consideration, Eritrea did not become a settler colony, despite Italy's initial efforts to import a national labor force. Instead, through a mix of capital investments in construction and transport, and increasing military recruitment, the Italian regime contributed significantly to an increase in free wage labor in the region. Within a year of Italy's 1911 invasion of Libya, it needed to reinforce its colonial army. From 1912 onward, in return for wages, tens of thousands of Eritreans entered the Italian colonial army to fight on the Libyan front. This military employment left voids in the local labor market, which were filled by people from neighboring countries, particularly Ethiopians and Yemenis. A relationship thus developed and continued between mobility and wage labor.