bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining past leaf‐out times of New England's deciduous forests from herbarium specimens
Authors: Everill Peter H. , Primack Richard B. , Ellwood Elizabeth R. , Melaas Eli K. 
Published: August 2014

• Premise of the study: There is great interest in studying leaf‐out times of temperate forests because of the importance of leaf‐out in controlling ecosystem processes, especially in the face of a changing climate. Remote sensing and modeling, combined with weather records and field observations, are increasing our knowledge of factors affecting variation in leaf‐out times. Herbarium specimens represent a potential new source of information to determine whether the variation in leaf‐out times observed in recent decades is comparable to longer time frames over past centuries.• Methods: Here we introduce the use of herbarium specimens as a method for studying long‐term changes in leaf‐out times of deciduous trees. We collected historical leaf‐out data for the years 1834–2008 from common deciduous trees in New England using 1599 dated herbarium specimens with young leaves.• Key results: We found that leaf‐out dates are strongly affected by spring temperature, with trees leafing out 2.70 d earlier for each degree C increase in mean April temperature. For each degree C increase in local temperature, trees leafed out 2.06 d earlier. Additionally, the mean response of leaf‐out dates across all species and sites over time was 0.4 d earlier per decade. Our results are of comparable magnitude to results from studies using remote sensing and direct field observations.• Conclusions: Across New England, mean leaf‐out dates varied geographically in close correspondence with those observed in studies using satellite data. This study demonstrates that herbarium specimens can be a valuable source of data on past leaf‐out times of deciduous trees.
Individual variation in size and fecundity is correlated with differences in global DNA cytosine methylation in the perennial herb Helleborus foetidus (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Alonso Conchita , Pérez Ricardo , Bazaga Pilar , Medrano Mónica , Herrera Carlos M. 
Published: August 2014

• Premise of the study: Few studies have examined how epigenetic modifications of DNA may influence individual plant phenotypes and ecological processes in wild plant populations. We investigated natural variation in global DNA cytosine methylation and its phenotypic correlates in the perennial herb Helleborus foetidus.• Methods: We focused specifically on individual differences in size‐ and fecundity‐related traits and used HPLC to quantify percentage of total cytosines in the genome of young full‐grown leaves that were methylated.• Key results: About one third of all cytosines in H. foetidus genome were methylated. Methylation level differed significantly among individual plants (range = 26.4–36.6%; n = 60 plants), and this variation was significantly related to most size‐ and fecundity‐related traits considered. Relatively hypomethylated plants bore more vegetative, reproductive, and total ramets, produced more flowers, larger inflorescences and more seed‐bearing follicles, and their ramets remained vegetative for fewer years before reproducing sexually, than relatively hypermethylated ones. Taken together, results revealed that individual differences in size and reproductive output were inversely related to global cytosine methylation.• Conclusions: These results confirm, in a natural scenario, the association between DNA methylation and size‐ and fecundity‐related traits that was previously found by experimental studies. Variations in global cytosine methylation were predictably related to individual differences in sexual reproduction through significant effects on flower and fruit production, which might ultimately influence patterns of selection and population dynamics in this species. This study provides novel insights on the potential ecological significance of epigenetic heterogeneity in wild plant populations.
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty for Symptomatic Pulmonary Stenosis in Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Dong Hui , Jiang Xiongjing , Peng Meng , Zou Yubao , Guan Ting , Zhang Huimin , Song Lei , Wu Haiying , Yang Yuejin , Gao Runlin 
Published: August 2014

Objective.The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for symptomatic pulmonary stenosis in Takayasu arteritis (TA).Methods.From January 2009 to December 2012, clinical data of 14 patients [mean age 33.9 ± 9.3 yrs; 11 patients female (78.6%)] with symptomatic pulmonary stenosis in TA underwent PTA and were analyzed prospectively.Results.PTA was successfully performed in 22 lesions of 14 patients. Among those lesions, 18 were treated by PTA alone while the others were treated with stent implantation. Three patients (21.4%) had reperfusion pulmonary injury; 2 patients recovered completely while the other died of respiratory failure 3 days after the procedure. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) decreased from 53.4 ± 15.8 mmHg to 38.4 ± 12.7 mmHg immediately after intervention (p < 0.001). After an average of 29 months of followup, the New York Heart Association functional class and 6-min walking distances improved while mean PAP measured by echocardiography decreased significantly (compared with baseline, all p < 0.01). One patient died of severe pulmonary infection and cardiac shock at 28 months after the procedure.Conclusion.The study showed that PTA improved subjective symptoms and objective variables of the patients with symptomatic pulmonary stenosis in TA, with an acceptable mortality. PTA may be a promising therapeutic strategy for symptomatic pulmonary stenosis in TA.
Mortality, Recurrence, and Hospital Course of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis-related Acute Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction
Authors: Mecoli Christopher , Purohit Shivani , Sandorfi Nora , Derk Chris T. 
Published: August 2014

Objective.Acute intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a rare gastrointestinal manifestation of systemic sclerosis (SSc) with few data existing as to its demographics, clinical course, outcomes, and mortality.Methods.We undertook a case-control study to describe 64 cases in 37 unique patients, of whom 70% had spontaneous resolution with conservative measures of intravenous hydration and bowel rest, 9% underwent surgical resection, and 25% required prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN).Results.Hospital course was for a mean of 12 ± 12.5 days and there was a 16% patient mortality in our population. In a subgroup analysis, patients who had recurrent episodes of pseudo-obstruction were less likely to have esophageal involvement from SSc, and more likely to need prolonged TPN. Mortality tended to be higher in male patients and patients who did not have SSc-related esophageal involvement, and also in patients who had low hemoglobin and serum albumin at presentation. The need for a nasogastric tube for decompression and a surgical intervention correlated with a more prolonged hospital stay.Conclusion.To the best of our knowledge, ours is the largest study looking at this rare manifestation of SSc.
Confocal Microscopy Evaluation of the Corneal Response Following AcuFocus KAMRA Inlay Implantation
Authors: Abbouda Alessandro , Javaloy Jaime , Alió Jorge L. 
Published: August 2014

PURPOSE:
To describe the corneal appearance on confocal microscopy after AcuFocus KAMRA Inlay (AcuFocus, Inc., Irvine, CA) implantation and evaluate the visual acuity compared to the confocal microscopy data.

METHODS:
Twelve eyes of 12 patients implanted with one of three models of the AcuFocus KAMRA Inlay (ACI 7000, 7000T, and 7000PDT) were prospectively evaluated by confocal microscopy 6 months after implantation. Additionally, 4 eyes of 4 patients explanted during the follow-up period were evaluated.

RESULTS:

Among the eyes implanted, mean epithelial thickness was 54.6 ± 22
μ
m. The subbasal nerve plexus was detected in 10 patients. The corneal nerves per unit area were 2.73 ± 2.1 sprouts/mm
2
. The branch pattern was found in 8 patients. The mean keratocyte density value was 540 ± 210 cells/mm
2
. A low grade of keratocyte activation was found in all patients. Among the eyes explanted, the mean wound healing opacity was 1,092.75 ± 1,877.35
μ
m/pixel.

CONCLUSIONS:
The corneal tolerance to the KAMRA Inlay appeared to be good. The inlay modified the normal structure of the corneal layer, but it was not associated with severe complications of the eye. Keratocyte activation was the finding most associated with a negative visual outcome. Confocal microscopy can be useful to evaluate the long-term evolution of the corneal layer changes following KAMRA Inlay implantation.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(3):172–178.]
Influence of microphysics on the scaling of precipitation extremes with temperature
Authors: Singh Martin S. , O'Gorman Paul A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSimulations of radiative‐convective equilibrium with a cloud‐system resolving model are used to investigate the scaling of high percentiles of the precipitation distribution (precipitation extremes) over a wide range of surface temperatures. At surface temperatures above roughly 295 K, precipitation extremes increase with warming in proportion to the increase in surface moisture, following what is termed Clausius‐Clapeyron (CC) scaling. At lower temperatures, the rate of increase of precipitation extremes depends on the choice of cloud and precipitation microphysics scheme and the accumulation period, and it differs markedly from CC scaling in some cases. Precipitation extremes are found to be sensitive to the fall speeds of hydrometeors, and this partly explains the different scaling results obtained with different microphysics schemes. The results suggest that microphysics play an important role in determining the response of convective precipitation extremes to warming, particularly when ice‐ and mixed‐phase processes are important.
Potentially fatal coagulopathy secondary to yamakagashi (Rhabdophis tigrinus) bites that completely recovered with antivenom treatment
Authors: Hifumi Toru , Murakawa Masahiro , Sakai Atsushi , Ginnaga Akihiko , Yamamoto Akihiko , Ato Manabu , Kato Hiroshi , Koido Yuichi , Kawakita Kenya , Hagiike Masanobu , Kuroda Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2014

CaseA healthy 40‐year‐old man was admitted with severe coagulopathy that developed after Rhabdophis tigrinus bites. On admission, he showed significantly elevated levels of thrombin–antithrombin III complex (60 ng/mL), plasmin–alpha 2‐plasmin inhibitor complex (22.3 μg/mL), and fibrinogen degradation products (592 μg/mL). He subsequently developed severe hypofibrinogenemia (50 mg/dL).OutcomeAntivenom was given 28 h after the patient was bitten, following which his hemorrhagic symptoms resolved. By day 3 of admission, scabs had formed over the bite wounds. Furthermore, his fibrinogen levels increased to >100 mg/dL, while his thrombin–antithrombin III complex, plasmin–alpha 2‐plasmin inhibitor complex, and fibrinogen degradation product levels normalized. He was discharged on day 6 of admission.ConclusionRhabdophis tigrinus bites induced disseminated intravascular coagulation with a fibrinolytic phenotype, which completely recovered with antivenom treatment.
Morphological correlations to mechanical performance of hydroxyapatite‐filled HDPE/UHMWPE composites
Authors: Jaggi Harjeet S. , Kumar Sunil , Das Dibyendu , Satapathy Bhabani K. , Ray Alok R. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTMelt mixed and injection molded hydroxyapatite (Hap) filled high‐density polyethylene/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene composites were assessed for their thermal, structural, morphological, and mechanical attributes. Differential scanning calorimetry was conducted to analyze the effect of Hap loading on various thermal transitions and their associated enthalpies. The microstructural attributes were characterized by conducting wide angle X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of cryo‐fractured surface. SEM micrographs of tensile fractured surface revealed the systematic reduction in the size of microfibrils indicating the suppression of local deformation. Improvement in low‐strain mechanical response and flexural properties accompanied with a consistent decrease in strain‐at‐break and toughness was witnessed with increasing Hap content. Toughness aspects were critically discussed in the realms of quasi‐static, dynamic mechanical and sudden impact testing approach. Dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated the presence of prominent α and γ transitions in the crystalline and amorphous phase respectively. Tensile fractured surface morphologies of the investigated composites revealed a switch‐over from matrix dominated plastic deformation to Hap controlled quasi‐brittle fracture. Thus, our study fundamentally deals with the feasibility of designing polyethylene/Hap composites with superior mechanical properties for biomedical applications, especially for orthopedic implants. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41251.
Tensile strength of handsheets from recovered fibers treated with N‐Methylol melamine and 1,3‐dimethylol‐4,5‐dihydroxyethyleneurea
Authors: Hosseinpourpia Reza , Adamopoulos Stergios , Mai Carsten 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe main objective of this study was to assess the effect of two amino resins, N‐methylol melamine (NMM) and 1,3‐dimethylol‐4,5‐dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), on the intrafiber and interfiber strengths and water absorption of two types of waste paper categories, office paper (OP), and old corrugated containers (OCCs). The tensile strength of individual fibers measured at zero span was reduced by increases in the resin concentrations. The dry tensile strengths of the recovered handsheets measured at a finite span were enhanced with increases in the weight percentage gain of the resins. The increasing of the resin concentration also significantly improved the intrabonding of the OP and OCCs in moist measuring conditions. The water absorption of the handsheets considerably decreased at the higher concentration of the thermosetting resins, especially with NMM. The results are promising for the use of NMM‐ and DMDHEU‐treated recovered fibers as an alternative fiber resource for the production of laminated paper and also for the use of DMDHEU as a new N‐methylol compound for laminated paper. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41290.
Effect of Extended π‐Conjugation Structure of Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Copolymers on the Photoelectronic Properties
Authors: Wang Meng , Shi Shaowei , Ma Di , Shi Keli , Gao Chen , Wang Liwei , Yu Gui , Li Yongfang , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Haiqiao 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNew donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers based on alkylthienylbenzodithiophene (BDTT) and alkoxynaphthodithiophene (NDT) have been synthesized and compared with their benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT)‐based analogues to investigate the effect of the extended π conjugation of the polymer main chain on the physicochemical properties of the polymers. A systematic investigation into the optical properties, energy levels, field‐effect transistor characteristics, and photovoltaic characteristics of these polymers was conducted. Both polymers demonstrated enhanced photovoltaic performance and increased hole mobility compared with the BDT‐based analogue. However, the BDTT‐based polymer (with π‐conjugation extension perpendicular to main chain) gave the highest power conversion efficiency of 5.07 % for the single‐junction polymer solar cell, whereas the NDT‐based polymer (with π‐conjugation extension along the main chain) achieved the highest hole mobility of approximately 0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1 based on the field‐effect transistor; this indicated that extending the π conjugation in different orientations would have a significant influence on the properties of the resulting polymers.
Component Selection in the Self‐Assembly of Palladium(II) Nanocages and Cage‐to‐Cage Transformations
Authors: Samanta Dipak , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDynamic supramolecular systems involving a tetratopic palladium(II) acceptor and three different pyridine‐ and imidazole‐based donors have been used for self‐selection by a synergistic effect of morphological information and coordination ability of ligands through specific coordination interactions. Three different cages were first synthesized by two‐component self‐assembly of individual donor and acceptor. When all four components were allowed to interact in a reaction mixture, only one out of three cages was isolated. The preferential binding affinity towards a particular partner was also established by transforming a non‐preferred cage into a preferred cage by interaction with the appropriate ligand. Computational studies further supported the fact that coordination interaction of imidazole moiety to PdII is enthalpically more preferred compared to pyridine, which drives the selection process. Analysis of crystal packing of both complexes indicated the presence of strong hydrogen bonds between nitrate and water molecules and also H‐bonded 3D networks of water. Both complexes exhibit promising proton conductivity (10−5 to ca. 10−3 S cm−1) at ambient temperature under a relative humidity of circa 98 % with low activation energy.
Structural Biology of Cisplatin Complexes with Cellular Targets: The Adduct with Human Copper Chaperone Atox1 in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Calandrini Vania , Nguyen Trung Hai , Arnesano Fabio , Galliani Angela , Ippoliti Emiliano , Carloni Paolo , Natile Giovanni 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCisplatin is one of the most used anticancer drugs. Its cellular influx and delivery to target DNA may involve the copper chaperone Atox1 protein. Although the mode of binding is established by NMR spectroscopy measurements in solution—the Pt atom binds to Cys12 and Cys15 while retaining the two ammine groups—the structural determinants of the adduct are not known. Here a structural model by hybrid Car–Parrinello density functional theory‐based QM/MM simulations is provided. The platinated site minimally modifies the fold of the protein. The calculated NMR and CD spectral properties are fully consistent with the experimental data. Our in silico/in vitro approach provides, together with previous studies, an unprecedented view into the structural biology of cisplatin–protein adducts.
Serine versus Threonine Glycosylation with α‐O‐GalNAc: Unexpected Selectivity in Their Molecular Recognition with Lectins
Authors: Madariaga David , Martínez‐Sáez Nuria , Somovilla Víctor J. , García‐García Laura , Berbis M. Álvaro , Valero‐Gónzalez Jessika , Martín‐Santamaría Sonsoles , Hurtado‐Guerrero Ramon , Asensio Juan L. , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Avenoza Alberto , Busto Jesús H. , Corzana Francisco , Peregrina Jesús M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe molecular recognition of several glycopeptides bearing Tn antigen (α‐O‐GalNAc‐Ser or α‐O‐GalNAc‐Thr) in their structure by three lectins with affinity for this determinant has been analysed. The work yields remarkable results in terms of epitope recognition, showing that the underlying amino acid of Tn (serine or threonine) plays a key role in the molecular recognition. In fact, while Soybean agglutinin and Vicia villosa agglutinin lectins prefer Tn‐threonine, Helix pomatia agglutinin shows a higher affinity for the glycopeptides carrying Tn‐serine. The different conformational behaviour of the two Tn biological entities, the residues of the studied glycopeptides in the close proximity to the Tn antigen and the topology of the binding site of the lectins are at the origin of these differences.
Lewis Acid Mediated Tandem Reaction of Propargylic Alcohols to Tetrazoles Involving CO‐ and CC‐Bond Cleavage Reactions and a CN‐Bond Formation
Authors: Song Xian‐Rong , Han Ya‐Ping , Qiu Yi‐Feng , Qiu Zi‐Hang , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Xu Peng‐Fei , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA novel and direct synthesis of 1‐aryl‐5‐arylvinyl‐tetrazoles from easily prepared propargylic alcohols and TMSN3 is developed in the presence of TMSCl under mild conditions (TMS=trimethylsilyl). The process involves an allenylazide intermediate, followed by a CC‐bond cleavage and CN‐bond formation to afford the desired products. Moreover, this method offers a good functional‐group applicability and can be scaled‐up to grams (yield up to 85 %).
Selective Uptake of Cylindrical Poly(2‐Oxazoline) Brush‐AntiDEC205 Antibody‐OVA Antigen Conjugates into DEC‐Positive Dendritic Cells and Subsequent T‐Cell Activation
Authors: Bühler Jasmin , Gietzen Sabine , Reuter Anika , Kappel Cinja , Fischer Karl , Decker Sandra , Schäffel David , Koynov Kaloian , Bros Matthias , Tubbe Ingrid , Grabbe Stephan , Schmidt Manfred 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTo achieve specific cell targeting by various receptors for oligosaccharides or antibodies, a carrier must not be taken up by any of the very many different cells and needs functional groups prone to clean conjugation chemistry to derive well‐defined structures with a high biological specificity. A polymeric nanocarrier is presented that consists of a cylindrical brush polymer with poly‐2‐oxazoline side chains carrying an azide functional group on each of the many side chain ends. After click conjugation of dye and an anti‐DEC205 antibody to the periphery of the cylindrical brush polymer, antibody‐mediated specific binding and uptake into DEC205+‐positive mouse bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDC) was observed, whereas binding and uptake by DEC205− negative BMDC and non‐DC was essentially absent. Additional conjugation of an antigen peptide yielded a multifunctional polymer structure with a much stronger antigen‐specific T‐cell stimulatory capacity of pretreated BMDC than application of antigen or polymer–antigen conjugate.
Gamut evaluation of an n‐colour printing process with the minimum number of measurements
Authors: Deshpande Kiran , Green Phil , Pointer Michael R 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to use a minimum number of measured colour patches to evaluate the colour gamut of an n‐colour printing process. Traditionally, the colour gamut of a printing system has been derived by printing and then measuring a gamut target for example, a profiling chart. For an n‐colour printing (printing with more than four process inks), it is desirable to know the colour gamut of the given set of inks without having to print a large number of test patches. Different spectral printer models were used to predict the gamut of a 7‐colour printing process. The colorant space was divided into sectors each containing four inks. For each printer model, the colour gamut of the each four‐ink sector was predicted. All sector‐gamuts were then combined to predict the overall colour gamut of the n‐colour process. This predicted gamut was then compared with the gamut obtained by measurement using a gamut comparison index (GCI). The Yule–Nielsen modified spectral Neugebauer (YNSN) model gave the best accuracy, at the cost of a larger number of input measurements, than other models. A combination of the Kubelka–Munk (KM) and YNSN models performed well with the fewest input measurements. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 408–415, 2015