bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical trial: The effectiveness of long‐acting somatostatin analogue for output reduction of high‐output intestinal fistula or small bowel enterostomy. A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Timmer Allard S. , de Vries Fleur , Gans Sarah L. , Zwanenburg Pieter R. , Bemelman Willem A. , Dijkgraaf Marcel G. W. , Dijkstra Gerard , van der Heide Frans , Haveman Jan Willem , Serlie Mireille J. , Boermeester Marja A. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryBackgroundHigh‐output intestinal fistulas and small bowel enterostomies are associated with morbidity and mortality. Current standard treatment for output reduction consists of fluid and dietary restrictions and medical therapy. There is conflicting evidence regarding the use of somatostatin analogues for output reduction.AimThe aim of this study is to investigate whether lanreotide, added to current standard treatment, further reduces intestinal output in patients with high‐output fistulas and enterostomies.MethodsThis was an open‐label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Adult patients with a high‐output intestinal fistula (>500 mL/24 h) or small bowel enterostomy (>1500 mL/24 h) more than 4 weeks post‐surgery and receiving standard medical treatment (dietary‐ and fluid restriction, PPI, loperamide and codeine) for at least 2 weeks were eligible for inclusion. We randomised patients 1:1 between continuing standard treatment (control), and subcutaneous lanreotide 120 mg every 4 weeks with standard treatment. The primary outcome was the number of responders, with response defined as an output reduction of ≥25%, 8 weeks after randomisation. We also investigated the proportional change in output.ResultsWe randomised 40 patients; 17 had a fistula and 23 a small bowel enterostomy. There were 9/20 responders in the intervention group and 2/20 in the control group (p = 0.013). The proportional output reduction was −26% (IQR −4 to −38) in the intervention group, compared to an increase of 4% (IQR 20 to −13) in the control group (p = 0.004).ConclusionsIn patients with a high‐output fistula or small bowel enterostomy, addition of lanreotide to current standard treatment can provide a clinically relevant output reduction.Trial registrationEudraCT: 2013‐003998‐10.
Understanding attitudes toward Spain's Trans Law: A content analysis
Authors: Cernadas Nayra , Bonache Helena , Cortina Helena , Chas‐Villar Alexandra , Delgado Naira 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Spanish Trans Law has sparked great public debate, generating opposing and confrontational discourses on Twitter. As the debate can be influenced by contextual and individual factors, this study aimed to analyze the tweets posted on the day the preliminary draft of the law was presented and the day it was approved, exploring the prevailing attitudes toward the Trans Law in Spain, both supportive and opposing. Through deductive content analysis of 531 tweets, it was observed that the content tended to vary on both days, although the main differences were found between the pro and anti‐law stances. While supportive messages tended to advocate for rights and highlight transphobia, tweets opposing the Trans Law tended to claim that its approval could cause harm to others, especially cisgender women and children. Moreover, we examined the use of feminism, gender essentialism beliefs, and gender self‐determination measures as arguments to support each stance. The findings reflect the importance of contextual and attitudinal dynamics in the narratives posted on Twitter (now rebranded as X) regarding transgender rights. This qualitative research contributes to understanding attitudes toward transgender individuals as expressed on social media, integrating insights from Social Psychology within the current Spanish context.Public significance statementWhen analyzing the content of the tweets commenting on the Spanish Trans Law, two different positions are identified. One supports the law, advocating for rights and taking a stand against transphobia. The other opposes the law, considering it a threat to cisgender women and children. By exploring the reasoning behind the two positions, this study helps to understand attitudes toward trans people online and emphasizes the need to combat misinformation.
Life history of the snapping shrimp Synalpheus ubatuba: Morphological description of the first larval stage reared in laboratory
Authors: Santos Rafael Carvalho , Teles Jeniffer Natalia , Mantelatto Fernando Luis , Costa Rogerio Caetano 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSynalpheus ubatuba zoea I was described by assessing laboratory‐hatched larvae. It was compared to other Synalpheus descriptions available in the literature. Partial sequences of parental female's 16S rRNA were analysed and it provided additional evidence for species identification. The first S. ubatuba zoea can be identified by a set of morphological characteristics, namely: antennal scale 4‐articled; basial endite of the maxillule with 3 stout spines + 1 spine; coxal endite of the maxilla with 3 plumose setae and 1 simple seta; basis of the first maxilliped with 4 spines and 2 simple setae; endopod of the third maxilliped with 5‐articled with 0, 0, 0, 2 (1 serrate + 1 simple) setae, 4 simple setae. There was significant larval morphology difference between these characteristics in comparison to other species in the Brevicarpus group (S. brevicarpus and S. minus) which S. ubatuba belongs to. Despite systematic and ecological information provided in the original S. ubatuba description, the present study is the first to focus on the particular features of this species' larval morphology. Evidence of the herein provided larval morphology traits in addition to potential comparison to congeners presenting well‐known larval descriptions, supported the identification of newly discovered species.
Steroid–tacrolimus drug–drug interaction and the effect of CYP3A genotypes
Authors: Saqr Abdelrahman , Al‐Kofahi Mahmoud , Mohamed Moataz , Dorr Casey , Remmel Rory P. , Onyeaghala Guillaume , Oetting William S. , Guan Weihua , Mannon Roslyn B. , Matas Arthur J. , Israni Ajay , Jacobson Pamala A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsTacrolimus, metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 enzymes, is susceptible to drug–drug interactions (DDI). Steroids induce CYP3A genes to increase tacrolimus clearance, but the effect is variable. We hypothesized that the extent of the steroid–tacrolimus DDI differs by CYP3A4/5 genotypes.MethodsKidney transplant recipients (n = 2462) were classified by the number of loss of function alleles (LOF) (CYP3A5*3, *6 and *7 and CYP3A4*22) and steroid use at each tacrolimus trough in the first 6 months post‐transplant. A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by nonlinear mixed‐effect modelling (NONMEM) and stepwise covariate modelling to define significant covariates affecting tacrolimus clearance. A stochastic simulation was performed and translated into a Shiny application with the mrgsolve and Shiny packages in R.ResultsSteroids were associated with modestly higher (3%–11.8%) tacrolimus clearance. Patients with 0‐LOF alleles receiving steroids showed the greatest increase (11.8%) in clearance compared to no steroids, whereas those with 2‐LOFs had a negligible increase (2.6%) in the presence of steroids. Steroid use increased tacrolimus clearance by 5% and 10.3% in patients with 1‐LOF and 3/4‐LOFs, respectively.ConclusionsSteroids increase the clearance of tacrolimus but vary slightly by CYP3A genotype. This is important in individuals of African ancestry who are more likely to carry no LOF alleles, may more commonly receive steroid treatment, and will need higher tacrolimus doses.
Efficacy and safety of androgen receptor inhibitors for treatment of advanced prostate cancer: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Xiao Shichao , Yin Hang , Lv Xin , Wang Zhen , Jiang Lili , Xia Yangliu , Liu Yong 
Published: July 2024

AimsAndrogen receptor inhibitors (ARIs) have become an effective treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PC). However, it is unknown which ARI is the most helpful and safe for men with advanced PC. Our aim is to help physicians make clinical decisions and provide medication guidelines for patients with advanced PC to avoid potential risks when using ARIs for treatment.MethodsWe systematically searched the following databases: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library, with a literature publication deadline of February 2023. The primary efficacy outcomes were 18‐month overall survival (OS), treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), hypertension and fatigue. The network meta‐analysis (NMA) was performed by Stata 15.1, and Revman 5.3 was used to assess the included studies' risk of bias.ResultsThe analysis included 26 trials with 26 263 people. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) concluded that enzalutamide (86.8%) showed the best effect in prolonging the OS of patients. Flutamide led to the highest risk of TEAEs (29.9%) and AEs leading to discontinuation (12.8%). Apalutamide (13.4%) led to the highest risk of grade ≥3 TEAEs. Enzalutamide had the highest risk of hypertension (0.2%), grade ≥3 hypertension (4.5%) and fatigue (5.2%).ConclusionsThis NMA indicates there is no one ARI to reach both the most effective and safe therapy aims for treating advanced PC and that there is a compromise between the efficacy and safety of ARIs in the treatment of advanced PC. Physicians should weigh the risks to safety against the anticipated benefits when prescribing these drugs to patients with PC.
Visual Narratives of Care and Reproduction in Forced Migration: Women Displaced from Venezuela to Brazil
Authors: Lines Tallulah , Curcio Bruna , Grugel Jean , Riggirozzi Pia , Cintra Natalia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMigration is deeply gendered, yet little is known about the lived experiences of displaced women or how they manage their reproductive health challenges. Here, we explore the meaning of sexual and reproductive health for displaced Venezuelan women in Brazil, using photovoice. This methodology revealed that women interpret ‘sexual and reproductive health’ in ways that go beyond medicalised understandings and include concerns more usually associated with ‘social reproduction’ or care work. Caring, for Venezuelan migrant women, is complex: many take comfort from their roles as carers, but they also experience depletion and anxiety. Our research suggests the need for wider understandings of what reproductive health in displacement means and for support for migrant women that goes beyond addressing their biological reproductive roles.
Prey specificity of predatory venoms
Authors: Michálek Ondřej , King Glenn F. , Pekár Stano 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTVenom represents a key adaptation of many venomous predators, allowing them to immobilise prey quickly through chemical rather than physical warfare. Evolutionary arms races between prey and a predator are believed to be the main factor influencing the potency and composition of predatory venoms. Predators with narrowly restricted diets are expected to evolve specifically potent venom towards their focal prey, with lower efficacy on alternative prey. Here, we evaluate hypotheses on the evolution of prey‐specific venom, focusing on the effect of restricted diet, prey defences, and prey resistance. Prey specificity as a potential evolutionary dead end is also discussed. We then provide an overview of the current knowledge on venom prey specificity, with emphasis on snakes, cone snails, and spiders. As the current evidence for venom prey specificity is still quite limited, we also overview the best approaches and methods for its investigation and provide a brief summary of potential model groups. Finally, possible applications of prey‐specific toxins are discussed.
The functional underpinnings of tropical forest dynamics—Functional traits, groups, and unmeasured diversity
Authors: Swenson Nathan G. , Rubio Vanessa E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe structure and dynamics of forest ecosystems are the outcome of differential performance playing out at the individual level. Interactions between the traits of an organism and its environment determine performance. Thus, our ability to understand and, ultimately, model forest dynamics critically relies on knowledge regarding the functional biology of the organisms. In tropical forests, this is a daunting challenge due to the diversity of the systems. This has driven ecologists to focus on identifying a handful of fundamentally important trade‐offs and a few traits that may indicate where a species falls along that trade‐off axis. In other cases, some ecologists have argued that species can be roughly binned into a handful of functional groups or guilds that capture most of the information needed to generate realistic models of forest dynamics. Here, we discuss the functional biology of tropical forest dynamics. We identify a series of key trade‐offs that should underpin forest dynamics and the traits ecologists have attempted to link to these trade‐offs. We then explore how far we can get by using functional groups or guilds to model tropical forest dynamics, the conceptual frameworks used for promoting such approaches, and what this modeling framework does not capture. We then use this to identify key gaps that should motivate the future of tropical tree functional ecology.
Synthesis of curcumin derivatives targeting androgen receptor for castration‐resistant prostate cancer therapy
Authors: Liu Jiangfei , Ni Yaohui , Zhou Keyun , Wu Guanzhao , Hu Liangyong , Zhu Tianyu , Xu Defeng , Hu Hang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this work, a series of curcumin derivatives (1a–1h, 2a–2g, and 3a–3c) were synthesized for the suppression of castration‐resistant prostate cancer cells. All synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, and melting point. The in vitro cytotoxicity study shows that compounds 1a, 1e, 1f, 1h, 2g, 3a, and 3c display similar or enhanced cytotoxicity against 22Rv1 and C4‐2 cells as compared to ASC‐J9, other synthesized compounds display reduced cytotoxicity against 22Rv1 and C4‐2 cells as compared to ASC‐J9. Molecular docking simulation was performed to study the binding affinity and probable binding modes of the synthesized compounds with androgen receptor. The results show that all synthesized compounds exhibit higher cdocker interaction energies as compared to ASC‐J9. Compounds 1h, 2g, and 3c not only show strong cytotoxicity against 22Rv1 and C4‐2 cells but also exhibit high binding affinity with androgen receptor. In androgen receptor suppression study, compounds 1f and 2g show similar androgen receptor suppression effect as compared to ASC‐J9 on C4‐2 cells, compound 3c displays significantly enhanced AR suppression effect as compared to ASC‐J9, 1f and 2g. Compounds 1a, 1e, 1f, 1h, 2g, 3a and 3c prepared in this work have significant potential for castration‐resistant prostate cancer therapy.
Caloric restriction leading to attenuation of experimental Alzheimer's disease results from alterations in gut microbiome
Authors: Chen Junyu , Zou Cong , Guan Hongbing , Zhou Xiaoming , Hou Le , Cui Yayong , Xu Junhua , Luan Ping , Zheng Dong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundCaloric restriction (CR) might be effective for alleviating/preventing Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the biological mechanisms remain unclear. In the current study, we explored whether CR caused an alteration of gut microbiome and resulted in the attenuation of cognitive impairment of AD animal model.MethodsThirty‐week‐old male APP/PS1 transgenic mice were used as AD models (AD mouse). CR was achieved by 30% reduction of daily free feeding (ad libitum, AL) amount. The mice were fed with CR protocol or AL protocol for six consecutive weeks.ResultsWe found that with CR treatment, AD mice showed improved ability of learning and spatial memory, and lower levels of Aβ40, Aβ42, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and ROS in the brain. By sequencing 16S rDNA, we found that CR treatment resulted in significant diversity in composition and abundance of gut flora. At the phylum level, Deferribacteres (0.04%), Patescibacteria (0.14%), Tenericutes (0.03%), and Verrucomicrobia (0.5%) were significantly decreased in CR‐treated AD mice; at the genus level, Dubosiella (10.04%), Faecalibaculum (0.04%), and Coriobacteriaceae UCG‐002 (0.01%) were significantly increased in CR‐treated AD mice by comparing with AL diet.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that the attenuation of AD following CR treatment in APP/PS1 mice may result from alterations in the gut microbiome. Thus, gut flora could be a new target for AD prevention and therapy.
Relationship between obesity and hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy: The role of sex
Authors: Antonopoulos Alexios S. , Panagiotopoulos Ioannis , Terentes‐Printzios Dimitrios , Omer Mohamed , Mentias Amgad , Lazaros George , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Elgendy Islam Y. , Vlachopoulos Charalambos 
Published: July 2024

SummaryEvidence suggests an association between obesity and the risk for cardiomyopathy development; however, robust evidence is still lacking. In this study we sought to explore the relationship of obesity with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and possible interactions with sex using large‐scale epidemiological real‐world data. We analysed data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample of US hospitalisations for the years 2015–2019. There were a total of 46 934 admissions with diagnosis of HCM and 170 924 with DCM. There was a significant interaction between cardiomyopathies' diagnosis with sex and age subgroups; the rates of both DCM and HCM increased with age (p < .001 for both); DCM diagnosis was significantly higher in males compared with females (0.85% vs. 0.35%, p < .001). After adjustment for age, sex, race and presence of arterial hypertension there was a significant stepwise positive association between obesity and the population rates of both cardiomyopathy subtypes. For hospitalised patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 there was an odds ratio (OR) of 1.68 (95% CI: 1.55–1.81, p < .001) for HCM and OR = 1.82 (95% CI: 1.79–1.84, p < .001) for DCM. More importantly, the positive relationship between a cardiomyopathy diagnosis (HCM or DCM) with increasing BMI was driven by the male sex (p < .001 for both) and it was non‐significant in females. The findings from this nationwide observational analysis support a sexual dimorphism in the relationship between obesity and HCM or DCM, which should be further investigated.
Developing a curriculum for advanced fellowship training in complex cancer for the UK
Authors: Mohan Helen , Harji Deena , Drami Ioanna , Griffiths Ben , Larkins Kirsten , Boyle Kirsten , Daniels Ian R. , Baker Richard , Jenkins John T. ,   Curriculum for Complex Cancer Working Group [Colorectal] the ACPGBI Advanced Malignancy Subcommittee, UK Pelvic Exenteration Network [UKPEN] and Dukes' Club
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimSurgery for complex colorectal cancer is elaborate: preoperative assessment, patient selection, radiological interpretation, operative strategy, operative technical skills, operative standardization, postoperative care and management of complications are all critical components. Given this complexity, training that encompasses all these crucial aspects to generate suitably edified surgeons is essential. To date, no curriculum exists to guide training in advanced and recurrent pelvic malignancy, particularly for complex colorectal cancer. Such a curriculum would potentially offer numerous advantages, not only for individual surgeons but also for research, governance, international collaboration and benchmarking. The aim of this study was to design and develop a framework for a curriculum for fellowship training in complex colorectal cancer that encompasses pelvic exenteration surgery.MethodKern described a six‐step method for curriculum design that is now widely adopted in medical education. Our study utilizes steps 1–4 of Kern's method to develop a syllabus and assessment framework for curriculum development for fellowship training in complex colorectal cancer encompassing pelvic exenteration. A literature review was conducted to address step 1, followed by targeted needs assessment in step 2 by conducting focus groups with trainees, fellows and experts to identify learning needs and goals with objective setting for step 3. An expert consensus group then voted on these recommendations and developed educational strategy recommendations as step 4. For the purposes of brevity, ‘pelvic exenteration’ in the text is taken to also encompass extended and multivisceral resections that fall under the remit of complex [colorectal] cancer.ResultsStep 1 of Kern's method identified a gap in the literature on curricula in complex cancer surgery. Step 2 identified key areas regarded as learning needs by trainees, including anatomy, hands‐on experience and case volume. Step 3 defined the goals and objectives of a fellowship curriculum, defined in six domains including theoretical knowledge, decision‐making, technical skills, postoperative management and continuing professional development. Finally, as a prelude to stages 5 and 6, a strategy for implementation and for feedback and assessment was agreed by an expert consensus meeting that defined case volume (a minimum of 20 pelvic exenteration operations within a fellowship period) and coverage of this syllabus with derived metrics.ConclusionsOur working group has developed a curriculum framework for advanced fellowship training in complex cancer in the UK. Validation is needed through implementation, and affirmation of its utility, both nationally and internationally, must be sought.
Cytomorphological characteristics of low‐grade papillary urothelial carcinoma in voided urine samples: Distinction from benign and high‐grade papillary urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Takeda Kotaro , Adeniran Adebowale J. , Levi Angelique W. , Tang Haiming , Cai Guoping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveGiven its frequent recurrence and the potential for high‐grade transformation, accurate diagnosis of low‐grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (LGPUC) in urine cytology is clinically important. We attempted to identify cytomorphologic features in urine samples, which could be helpful for the identification of LGPUC.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of voided urine specimens collected from patients with histopathologic diagnoses of LGPUC. Their cytomorphological features were compared with those from patients with benign conditions and high‐grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (HGPUC).ResultsA total of 115 voided urine specimens were evaluated, including 30 benign, 41 LGPUC, and 44 HGPUC cases. In LGPUC, 18 cases (44%) were diagnosed as atypical, a proportion significantly higher than that observed in benign cases (4 cases, 13%), while the remaining 23 cases (56%) were diagnosed as negative. LGPUC urine samples tended to have higher cellularity than benign cases, but the difference was not statistically significant. Three cytological features, namely nuclear enlargement, higher nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio, and presence of small cell clusters, were statistically more prevalent in LGPUC compared to benign cases, although the changes were relatively subtle. In contrast, cytomorphological distinction between LGPUC and HGPUC was evident, as high cellularity, nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia, high N/C ratio, irregular nuclear membrane, and apoptosis were significantly more prevalent in HGPUC cases.ConclusionsSeveral cytomorphologic features in voided urine samples were more prevalent in cases with LGPUC, albeit not observed in all instances. Since these alterations were relatively subtle, meticulous attention to these cytomorphologic details is crucial to suggest the possibility of LGPUC.