bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor–microenvironment interactions studied by zonal transcriptional profiling of squamous cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Wu Hui , Haag Daniel , Muley Thomas , Warth Arne , Zapatka Marc , Toedt Grischa , Pscherer Armin , Hahn Meinhard , Rieker Ralf J. , Wachter David L. , Meister Michael , Schnabel Philipp , Müller‐Decker Karin , Rogers Michael A. , Hoffmann Hans , Lichter Peter 
Published: October 2012

AbstractInvasion is a critical step in lung tumor progression. The interaction between tumor cells and their surroundings may play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. To better understand the mechanisms of tumor invasion and tumor–microenvironment interactions in lung tumors, total RNA was isolated from the inner tumor, tumor invasion front, adjacent lung, and distant normal lung tissue from 17 patients with primary squamous cell lung carcinoma using punch‐aided laser capture microdissection. Messenger RNA expression profiles were obtained by microarray analysis, and microRNA profiles were generated from eight of these samples using TaqMan Low Density Arrays. Statistical analysis of the expression data showed extensive changes in gene expression in the inner tumor and tumor front compared with the normal lung and adjacent lung tissue. Only a few genes were differentially expressed between tumor front and the inner tumor. Several genes were validated by immunohistochemistry. Evaluation of the microRNA data revealed zonal expression differences in nearly a fourth of the microRNAs analyzed. Validation of selected microRNAs byin situhybridization demonstrated strong expression ofhsa‐miR‐196ain the inner tumor; moderate expression ofhsa‐miR‐224in the inner tumor and tumor front, and strong expression ofhsa‐miR‐650in the adjacent lung tissue. Pathway analysis placed the majority of genes differentially expressed between tumor and nontumor cells in intrinsic processes associated with inflammation and extrinsic processes related to lymphocyte physiology. Genes differentially expressed between the inner tumor and the adjacent lung/normal lung tissue affected pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism and eicosanoid signaling. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nano‐Segregation and Directed Self‐Assembly in the Formation of Functional Liquid Crystals
Authors: Goodby John W. , Davis Edward J. , Mandle Richard J. , Cowling Stephen J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIt is often a question that is asked: “How can you predict from the molecular architecture of a material the structure of the condensed phases it forms, and what properties would you expect the phase to exhibit?” For liquid crystals, knowing how to design materials for particular applications requires precision molecular engineering. In this article we examine how molecular topology and interactions influence phase formation and report on material design.
FARM SIZE, IRRIGATION PRACTICES, AND CONSERVATION PROGRAM PARTICIPATION IN THE US SOUTHWEST
Authors: Frisvold George B. , Deva Shailaja 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe US Department of Agriculture's Farm and Ranch Irrigation Survey collects the most detailed and comprehensive data on US irrigation practices. Yet, because the data are only easily available in cross‐tab form, data are rarely used for statistical analysis of irrigator behavior. Using data from Arizona and New Mexico, this study illustrates how statistical measures of association can be used test hypotheses about how farm size (measured by sales class) affects (i) use of water management information, (ii) investment in irrigation improvements, and (iii) participation in conservation programs. Parametric (Cochran–Armitage trend test) and nonparametric (Goodman–Kruskall gamma) methods yielded similar results. Reliance on low‐cost, general information was common among all size classes, while larger operations relied more on private, tailored information. Larger operations were more likely to use directly provided data (e.g. media and Internet reports) than smaller operators, who relied more on information provided by intermediaries. Smaller farms were less likely to investigate irrigation improvements, use management‐intensive methods for irrigation scheduling, or participate in cost‐share programs to encourage adoption of improved irrigation practices. Adoption of scientific irrigation scheduling methods was low for all groups, but especially low for small‐scale irrigators. There appear to be significant barriers to information acquisition, use of management‐intensive irrigation practices, and participation in conservation programs among smaller‐scale irrigators. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface design forin situcapture of endothelial progenitor cells: VEGF‐bound surface architecture and behaviors of cultured mononuclear cells
Authors: Matsuda Takehisa , Kuwana Makoto , Aomizu Tatsuki , Yamagishi Masakazu , Ohtake Hiroshi , Watanabe Go 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn situcapture of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the arterial bloodstream may allow the creation of a functioning endothelium on the luminal surfaces of implanted cardiovascular devices. Our strategy is to use highly biospecific interaction between the cell‐surface marker and surface‐bound protein. The target‐cell marker defined is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor, which is exclusively expressed on endothelial lineage cells. The candidate surface‐bound proteins are VEGF and anti‐VEGF receptor (VEGF‐R1 and VEGF‐R2) antibodies, which were covalent‐bound on poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) bearing a high‐surface density of hydroxyl groups. Incubating human mononuclear cells on these substrates affected the histochemical expression of cell‐surface markers specific for EPCs and endothelial cells (ECs). The VEGF‐bound surface significantly increased the number of cells expressing both VEGF receptors after 1 or 2 weeks of culture, whereas both anti‐VEGF receptor antibody‐bound substrates did not affect the expression of the surface markers, and cells on these surfaces were eventually died. These results indicate that, among the three candidate molecules, VEGF is best able to capture EPCs and induces their differentiation. Additionally, a pilot study of surface architecture of stents and small‐diameter artificial grafts was conducted for an ongoing implantation study in a porcine model. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 101B: 50–60, 2013.
The anti‐adhesive effect of thermally cross‐linked gelatin film and its influence on the intestinal anastomosis in canine models
Authors: Tsujimoto Hiroyuki , Tanzawa Ayumi , Matoba Mari , Hashimoto Ayumi , Suzuki Shuko , Morita Shinichiro , Ikada Yoshito , Hagiwara Akeo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTo generate a more effective and safer anti‐adhesive material, we have developed a new type of thermally cross‐linked gelatin film. In this study, we preclinically examined the anti‐adhesive efficacy of this film and evaluated the possibility applying the film safely onto fresh intestinal anastomoses, compared with hyaluronate and carboxymethyl‐cellulose (HA/CMC) film. Using a canine adhesion model, the degree of adhesion for each film was evaluated by adhesion scoring systems and histological observation. Three weeks after surgery, only the gelatin film showed significantly superior anti‐adhesive effects compared to the control (no treatment), in particular, exhibiting excellent re‐peritonization. Next, in a canine anastomosis model, the anastomoses were wrapped directly by each film and the bursting pressures of the anastomoses were examined 3 and 7 days after surgery. The gelatin film did not significantly affect either the bursting pressures or the healing process, compared with the control. However, the HA/CMC film significantly decreased the bursting pressures measured at 3 days after surgery. In conclusion, the thermally cross‐linked gelatin film had satisfactory anti‐adhesive effects with excellent re‐peritonization. It could be safely applied to intestinal anastomoses without decreasing the bursting pressures. The gelatin film is considered to be quite favorable as an anti‐adhesive material. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 101B: 99–109, 2013.
Fatigue testing of electron beam‐melted Ti‐6Al‐4V ELI alloy for dental implants
Authors: Joshi Gaurav V. , Duan Yuanyuan , Neidigh John , Koike Mari , Chahine Gilbert , Kovacevic Radovan , Okabe Toru , Griggs Jason A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCustomized one‐component dental implants have been fabricated using Electron Beam Melting® (EBM®), which is a rapid prototyping and manufacturing technique. The goal of our study was to determine the effect of electron beam orientation on the fatigue resistance of EBM Ti‐6Al‐4V ELI alloy. EBM technique was used to fabricate Ti‐6Al‐4V ELI alloy blocks, which were cut into rectangular beam specimens with dimensions of 25 × 4 × 3 mm, such that electron beam orientation was either parallel (group A) or perpendicular (group B) to the long axis of the specimens. The specimens were subjected to cyclic fatigue (R = 0.1) in four‐point flexure under ambient conditions using various stress amplitudes below the yield stress. The fatigue lifetime data were fit to an inverse power law–Weibull model to predict the peak stress corresponding to failure probabilities of 5 and 63% at 2M cycles (σmax, 5% and σmax, 63%). Groups A and B did not have significantly different Weibull modulus, m (p > 0.05). The specimens with parallel orientation showed significantly higher σmax, 63% (p ≤ 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the σmax, 5% (p > 0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that the fatigue resistance of the material was greatest when the electron beam orientation was perpendicular to the direction of crack propagation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 101B: 124–130, 2013.
Ultrastructure alteration in the corneal stroma of hydrated camel corneoscleral button and corneal button
Authors: Akhtar Saeed 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPURPOSE:To investigate the changes in the ultrastructural architecture of hydrated corneoscleral button (HCSB) and hydrated corneal button (HCB).METHOD:Corneoscleral buttons (n = 4) and corneal buttons (n = 4) were hydrated in deionized water for 24 and 48 h and were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde containing cuprolinic blue in sodium acetate buffer and processed for electron microscopy. The tissue was dehydrated and embedded in TAAB 031 resin. Normal CSB and CB were also processed using the same method. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The sections were observed under JEOL 1400 transmission electron microscope.RESULTS:In both HCSB and HCB, the lamellae were disorganized and proteoglycans (PGs) were degenerated and detached from the collagen fibrils (CFs). In the HCSB samples, interfibrillar spacing increased but the diameter of the CF had not changed compared with those in the normal tissue. Within the HCSB, the interfibrillar spacing in the posterior stroma was significantly higher compared with those in the anterior and middle stroma. In the HCB, both the interfibrillar spacing and CF diameter had significantly increased compared to those observed in both the HCSB and normal tissue. The CFs were severely damaged exhibiting very thin microfilaments within CFs. Remnants of the CFs were present in the stromal matrix.CONCLUSION:Hydration of the cornea in both the HCSB and HCB increases the interfibrillar spacing in the anterior, middle, and posterior stroma. The CF in the HCB was enlarged and had degenerated. This could be due to penetration of water into the intermolecular spacing within the CF. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient design of a double‐band coplanar hybrid antenna using multi‐objective evolutionary programming
Authors: Sánchez‐Montero R. , López‐Espí P. , Manjarres D. , Landa‐Torres I. , Salcedo‐Sanz S. , Del Ser J. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose the optimization of the parameters of a hybrid antenna for wireless applications by using a multi‐objective evolutionary programming (EP). Specifically, the antenna proposed is formed by a planar inverted‐F antenna and a coplanar patch, in the same structure. The objective functions to carry out the optimization process are related to the antenna's bandwidth and the gain requirements in the wireless applications considered. In fact, the antenna is intended to be used in mobile and WIFI applications simultaneously. To be concise, we have utilized an improved fast EP optimization approach that includes a selection mechanism based on nondominated ranking procedure with crowding distance to maintain diversity in the population. In the experimental part of the paper, we show that the multi‐objective EP–improved fast EP is able to obtain excellent results in the parameters' design of this hybrid device, with reasonable values of both bandwidth and gain values. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbamylated erythropoietin ameliorates hypoxia‐induced cognitive and behavioral defects with the generation of choline acetyltransferase‐positive neurons
Authors: Ding Jing , Li Qin‐Ying , Yu Jie‐Zhong , Wang Xin , Lu Chuan‐Zhen , Ma Cun‐Gen , Xiao Bao‐Guo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCarbamylated erythropoietin (CEPO) is attracting widespread interest because of its neuroprotective effects without influencing erythropoiesis. Here we show that CEPO, unlike EPO, does not stimulate erythropoiesis. Both CEPO and EPO inhibit the death/apoptosis of neurons in the hypoxic model of primary neurons and induce neuron proliferation and differentiation in hypoxic mice. Hypoxic mice show apparent memory deficits at 3 and 30 days after hypoxia. The administration of CEPO/EPO significantly improves cognitive and behavioral defects after hypoxic insults. Further investigation shows that CEPO/EPO induces neuron proliferation and differentiation and promotes the generation of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)+ neurons in hypoxic mice. Phosphorylated AKT was colabeled with ChAT+ neurons and coexpressed in bromodeoxyuridine‐positive cells, suggesting that the PI3K/AKT pathway may play a pivotal role in CEPO/EPO‐cholinergic neuron generation. These results reveal that CEPO/EPO ameliorates hypoxia‐induced cognitive and behavioral defects possibly through the generation of ChAT‐positive neurons. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changing behaviour: Increasing the effectiveness of workplace interventions in creating pro‐environmental behaviour change
Authors: Unsworth Kerrie L. , Dmitrieva Alina , Adriasola Elisa 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThere is a great deal of research outlining interventions to increase pro‐environmental behaviour, many of which are aimed at employees. However, to date the results for these have not lived up to their initial promise. Instead of offering another intervention, we propose a model which identifies psychological conditions under which these interventions are most likely to succeed. Through the integration of previously separate literatures from experimental social psychology, organisational psychology, organisational behaviour and environmental psychology, we suggest that the degree to which the intervention‐related goal is efficacious and attractive, self‐concordant, in conflict with other goals, and perceived to be completed will affect the level and type of behaviour change. Our model aims to provide actionable knowledge that extends our understanding of the effectiveness of workplace interventions designed to increase green organisational behaviour. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the linear additivity of climate forcing‐response relationships at global and continental scales
Authors: Shiogama Hideo , Stone Dáithí A. , Nagashima Tatsuya , Nozawa Toru , Emori Seita 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTWithin the context of the prediction, detection and attribution of climate change, a number of studies have explicitly or implicitly assumed that individual climate responses to individual forcing agents can be linearly added to obtain the total climate response to the sum of the forcing agents. This assumption of the ‘linear additivity of forcing‐response relationships’ has been tested by previous studies, but it remains controversial whether linear additivity holds with all combinations of forcing agents, such as ‘greenhouse gases plus indirect effects of anthropogenic aerosols’ or ‘greenhouse gases plus solar irradiance’. This study explored whether linear additivity holds in 5‐year mean temperature/precipitation responses to various combinations of forcing agents in the 20th century and in a future‐emissions scenario at global and continental scales. We used Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate version 3, which includes the first and second indirect effects of aerosols. The forcing factors considered were well‐mixed greenhouse gases, the direct and indirect effects of sulphate and carbon aerosols, ozone, land‐use changes, solar irradiance and volcanic aerosols (the latter three factors were specified only in the 20th‐century runs). By performing and analysing an enormous matrix of forcing runs, we concluded that linear additivity holds in temperature responses for all of the combinations of forcing agents at the global and continental scales, but it breaks down for precipitation responses in certain cases of future projections.
Environmental approach to hydraulic fluids
Authors: Müller‐Zermini Ben , Gaule Gerhard 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTOver the past years, contradictory information about ‘bio‐oils’ and ‘fast biodegradable hydraulic oils’ has been spread in the media and in the public. There are norms and standards that define the environmental requirements of environmental‐compatible hydraulic fluids. A key criterion in all of these standards is ready biodegradability, but testing biodegradability of poorly water soluble products is difficult. However, how important is fast biodegradability in the environment? Degradation needs oxygen. In sewage treatment plants, there is much oxygen due to an artificial supply, but in the environment, there is often a lack of oxygen, e.g. the biodegradation of 1 kg oil needs the oxygen that is dissolved in 400.000 l of water. If a fast biodegradable substance gets into an ecosystem, nature has to cope with oxygen deprivation. In the following review article we will summarise the present understanding of an environmental‐compatible hydraulic fluid, from a holistic point of view. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of Fatty Acid‐based Polyurethanes Cytocompatibility by Non‐covalent Anchoring of Chondroitin Sulfate
Authors: González‐Paz Rodolfo J. , Lligadas Gerard , Ronda Juan C. , Galià Marina , Ferreira Ana M. , Boccafoschi Francesca , Ciardelli Gianluca , Cádiz Virginia 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFor tissue engineering purpose biopolymer chondroitin sulfate (CS), one of the major components of cartilage and bone extracellular matrix, was immobilized onto the surface of amino‐functionalized polyurethane (PU) films derived from naturally occurring oleic and 10‐undecenoic acids. The amino‐functionalized PUs were prepared by aminolysis with 1,6‐hexamethylenediamine of synthesized PUs containing methyl ester groups. FTIR‐ATR, XPS, SEM, and water contact angle measurements were used to confirm the surface changes at each step of treatment, both in morphologies and chemical composition. Cytotoxicity and cell morphology analysis using osteoblast cell line MG63 showed that PU‐CS films are suitable materials for cell growth, spreading, and differentiation.magnified image
Polymer Carriers for Anticancer Drugs Targeted to EGF Receptor
Authors: Studenovsky Martin , Pola Robert , Pechar Michal , Etrych Tomas , Ulbrich Karel , Kovar Lubomir , Kabesova Martina , Rihova Blanka 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA novel actively targeted polymer carrier for anticancer drugs based on an N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer (PHPMA) is proposed. An oligopeptide sequence GE7, attached to the polymer, is a specific ligand for the EGF receptor overexpressed on most tumor cells. Co‐attachment of selected chemotherapeutics will therefore lead to formation of tumor‐specific polymer therapeutics, further enhanced by the EPR effect. FACS measurements prove elevated binding activity of the fluorescently labeled PHPMA/GE7 conjugate in EGFR‐rich cells (FaDu, MCF‐7), compared to conjugates of scrambled peptides. Cell lines with low EGFR level (SW620, B16F10) bind the GE7 conjugate significantly less. magnified image
Predicting the Change of MWD Caused by Interchange Reactions During Melt‐Mixing of Linear and Branched Polycondensates (AB2)
Authors: Iedema Piet D. , Dreischor Menno , Hungenberg Klaus‐Dieter , Orlov Yuri 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDuring mix melting of hyperbranched AB2‐ and linear CD‐polycondensates distributive properties are changing by interchange reactions. Two mathematical modeling approaches are presented: (i) Simplified approach of monodisperse population of three‐arm stars undergoing interchange reactions, both analytical and by Monte Carlo simulations, assuming interchange as subsequent scission and recombination of fragments. (ii) Full system of interchange and polycondensation/hydrolysis reactions with Monte Carlo simulations and kinetic model describing reactions of free groups (A, B, C, D) and bonds (AB, CD, BC, AD). MC simulations show that the final molecular weight and branching distribution is attained after 10% of reaction time. The change of structure, from few large fragments to more, smaller ones, is slower. magnified image
Termination of Surface Radicals and Kinetic Analysis of Surface‐Initiated RAFT Polymerization on Flat Surfaces
Authors: Zhou Dapeng , Mastan Erlita , Zhu Shiping 
Published: October 2012

Abstractsi‐RAFT polymerization is widely used for surface modification. However, how the surface radicals terminate requires further elucidation. A kinetic model is developed for si‐RAFT via the R group approach. The model describes the molecular weight of grafted polymers as well as polymer layer thickness and various chain concentrations. It is shown that surface/surface radical termination plays an important role. The termination is facilitated by the migration of surface radicals through “hopping” and “rolling” mechanisms. “Hopping” occurs through activation/deactivation cycles between surface and solution chains, dependent on the RAFT concentration in solution. “Rolling” occurs through transfers between surface/surface chains, dependent on the grafting density at surface. magnified image