bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deorphanization and Characterization of Human Olfactory Receptors in Heterologous Cells
Authors: Chatelain Pierre , Veithen Alex , Wilkin Françoise , Philippeau Magali 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOlfaction plays an indispensable role in human and animals in self and environmental recognition, as well as intra‐ and interspecific communication. Following the discovery of a family of olfactory receptors (ORs) by Buck and Axel in 1991, it has been established that the sense of smell begins with the molecular recognition of a chemical odorant by one or more ORs expressed in the olfactory sensory neurons. Therefore, characterization of the molecular interactions between odorant molecules and ORs is a key step in the elucidation of the general properties of the olfactory system and in the development of applications, i.e., design of new odorants, search for blockers, etc. The process putted in place at ChemCom to improve the expression of ORs at the cytoplasmic membrane of the HEK293 cell and assays enabling large‐scale deorphanization, and to characterize the interaction between chemical odorants and ORs is described. The family of human ORs includes ca. 400 putatively functional ORs which are GPCRs (G protein‐coupled receptors); to date over 100 human ORs have been deorphanized.
Unexpected Loss of Stereoselectivity in Ring‐Opening Reaction of 2‐Alkoxy‐2‐Thio‐1,3,2‐Oxathiaphospholanes With a Pyrophosphate Anion
Authors: Guga Piotr , Tomaszewska Agnieszka 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA reaction of DBU promoted ring opening in nucleoside‐3'‐O‐ and nucleoside‐5'‐O‐(2‐thio‐4,4‐pentamethylene‐1,3,2‐oxathiaphospholane) monomers with a pyrophosphate or a methylenediphosphonate anion proceeds with substantial loss of stereoselectivity. Depending on the absolute configuration of the phosphorus atom, so far widely accepted the stereoretentive mechanism of condensation is accompanied by a stereoinvertive one, most likely employing an intramolecular ligand–ligand exchange in an uncharged intermediate. Chirality 27:155–122, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
A Low‐Power Miniaturized 315 MHz Transceiver Module for Biosignal Transmission
Authors: Maenaka Kazusuke , Chan Alex Chun Kit , Ohkochi Sayaka , Nakamura Toshiaki , Kitamura Hirokazu , Kimura Junichi , Higuchi Kohei 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper we describe a small‐sized and extremely low–power consumption transceiver module for a wireless sensor network, especially suitable for biosignal transmission. Currently, many types of transceiver modules such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, and low‐power radio modules for 315 MHz are available on the market. However, when we consider an extremely small and light system including a battery and transceiver module for a wireless sensor network mounted on the human body, almost all the transceiver modules on the market consume too much power and are too large for assembly. In this study we concentrated on creating an extremely low–power consumption and small/lightweight transceiver module for the 315 MHz radio band. As a result, we successfully designed and fabricated a transceiver module with a size of 11 × 11 × 1.5 mm3 including a bipolar ASIC for the radio circuit and an eight‐bit microcontroller. The operation currents of the receiver and transmitter are 2 mA and 1 mA, respectively, for a supply voltage of 2.5 V. These results are generally sufficient for many uses for wireless sensor network systems, and not only for biosignal applications.
Current Development Status and Perspectives of Self‐Regulated Insulin Delivery Systems: A Review
Authors: Matsumoto Akira , Miyahara Yuji 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYDiabetes is not an infectious disease but its increasingly rapid and worldwide spread has been recognized as “pandemic”. Despite the necessity for continuous and accurate glycemic control in the management of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus, the current palliative treatment relies almost solely on patient self‐injection of insulin, which not only impinges on the QOL of patients but also fails to precisely control the dose of insulin, where an overdose must be strictly avoided since it can otherwise cause serious hypoglycemia. The development of self‐regulated insulin delivery systems is a long‐standing challenge for materials science, for which the exploitation of glucose oxidase and sugar‐binding lectin are two prevalent strategies to achieve the function of glucose sensitivity. These protein‐based components, however, are inappropriate for long‐term use and storage due to their denaturing and cytotoxic natures, and they are hardly suitable for any implantable applications. Thus, they have not yet been put in clinical use to date. This review intends to provide an overview of the current efforts to develop a thoroughly synthetic alternative making use of a phenylboronic acid–derived polyacrylamide gel.
A novel quantized time‐domain compressed feedback scheme in coordinated multipoint LTE‐advanced systems
Authors: Wang Ying , Xu Jing , Lin Wenxuan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCoordinated Multi‐Point technique has attracted much attention for its promising potential on improving spectral efficiency. However, in frequency division duplexing systems, significant channel state information (CSI) mismatch and huge feedback overhead greatly limit its performance. Within state of the art feedback schemes in which channel matrix are fed back over subcarriers, the feedback overhead is too large, and the achieved network gain is also limited. In this paper, we exploit the channel sparsity in time‐domain and propose an quantized time‐domain compressed feedback (QTDCF) scheme. For the sake of performance evaluation, two conventional feedback schemes are compared with our scheme. Rate gap between rate with perfect CSI and actual rate with erroneous CSI is used as the performance evaluation metric. A theoretic upper bound on the rate gaps, with respect to the total feedback overhead, is also derived for our scheme. Furthermore, considering the asymmetry characteristic of the global channel, an optimal bit allocation strategy among all cooperating cells is designed for our proposed QTDCF scheme. The proposed strategy is based on the branching and bounding theory with integer constraints on bits allocated for quantizing each channel coefficient over subcarriers or channel taps. Finally, simulation results show that our scheme can significantly reduce the feedback overhead and greatly improve the CSI reconstruction quality compared with existing feedback schemes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variability of vitamins B1, B2 and minerals content in baobab (Adansonia digitata) leaves in East and West Africa
Authors: Hyacinthe Traoré , Charles Parkouda , Adama Korbo , Diarra Compaoré‐Sérémé , Dicko Mamoudou H. , Svejgaard Jan J. , Diawara Bréhima 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe regional variability and age–age correlation on vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and minerals (Ca, Mg, P, K, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Zn) concentration in baobab leaves were investigated. Baobab was cultivated from seeds from 11 countries including Benin, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Tanzania, Togo, Senegal, and Sudan. Vitamins B1 and B2 content were assessed using microbiological VitaFast kits methods and minerals by atomic absorption and flame spectrometry methods. Overall, the results showed a higher content of vitamin B2 compared to vitamin B1 with the highest vitamin B2 content (1.04 ± 0.05 mg/100 g DM) from Senegal. The highest iron (Fe) content of 26.39 mg/100 g was found in baobab leaves from Mali. For age–age correlation, adult baobab leaves of Nankoun in Burkina Faso provided the highest calcium (Ca) content of 3373 mg/100 g. However, for provenance trial, young plants from three communities of Burkina Faso showed the highest calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) content. The study demonstrated that vitamins B1 and B2 and mineral contents in baobab leaves vary with the country and the age of the tree. Vitamin B1 content was higher in baobab leaves from ascendants compared to those from descendants, while in contrast vitamin B2 content was higher in the leaves from the descendants compared to their ascendants (mother tree).
Tirucallane‐Type Triterpenoids from Celastrus stylosusWall.
Authors: Shan Wei‐Guang , Gao Zai‐Lin , Ying You‐Min , Xiang Jia‐Gui , Wang Fa‐Song , Zhan Zha‐Jun 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTwo new tirucallane‐type triterpenoids, (24Z)‐tirucalla‐7,24‐diene‐3β,11β,26‐triol (1) and (3S,24R)‐tirucall‐7‐ene‐3,24,25‐triol (2), along with the known compound celastrol (3), were isolated from the root barks of Celastrus stylosus Wall. The structures of 1–3 were established by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 2D NMR and MS analyses. It is the first report on tirucallane‐type triterpenoids from the genus Celastrus and may be of vital chemotaxonomic significance.
An Unexpected Role of Carbon Disulfide: A New and Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzimidazoles
Authors: Gladysz John A. , Reza Safaei Hamid , Nouri Sara 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA new and efficient methodology for the synthesis of 2‐substituted benzimidazoles is described. In this procedure, CS2 unexpectedly facilitated the cyclization reaction between benzene‐1,2‐diamine and benzenecarbaldehydes in CH2Cl2 at room temperature. The reactions occur under mild conditions require simpler equipment and easier workup procedures.
New Acetogenins from the Seeds of Annona coriacea
Authors: da C. Alves Thayana , Gonçalves Mariele R. S. , Correia Francyne C. S. , da Silva Virgínia C. , de Sousa Paulo T. , de Carvalho Mário G. , Braz‐Filho Raimundo , Dall'Oglio Evandro L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFrom the hexane and MeOH extracts of Annona coriacea Mart. (Annonaceae) seeds, two novel acetogenins, coriapentocins A and B (1 and 2, resp.) were isolated. The known acetogenin bullacin (3) was also isolated from the hexane extract. The structures of compounds 1–3 were elucidated by NMR and MS analysis, and relative configurations were established by comparison with literature data.
Four New Cucurbitacins from the Fruit of Momordica charantia
Authors: Chen Jian‐Chao , Yuan Xiao‐Xi , Zhou Lin , Liu Jie‐Qing , Nian Yin , Li Zhong‐Rong , Li Yan , Xie Ming‐Jin , Qiu Ming‐Hua 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFour new 5β,19‐epoxycucurbitacins, kuguacins T–W (1–4, resp.), along with nine known cucurbitane derivatives, 5–13, were obtained from the fresh fruit of Momordica chrantia. Structures of the new metabolites were elucidated as 5β,19‐epoxy‐25‐hydroxycucurbitane‐3,7,23‐trione (1), 5β,19‐epoxy‐3,7‐dioxo‐23,24,25,26,27‐pentanorcucurbitan‐22‐oic acid (2), 5β,19‐epoxy‐3β‐hydroxycucurbit‐24‐ene‐7,23‐dione (3), and 5β,19‐epoxy‐25‐hydroxycucurbit‐23‐ene‐3,7‐dione (4), by extensive spectroscopic investigations, which were confirmed by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses in the case of compound 4.
Sequential Ugi Four‐Component Reaction (4‐CR)/CH Activation Using (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene for the Synthesis of 3‐(Diphenylmethylidene)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indol‐2‐ones
Authors: Ghabraie Elmira , Balalaie Saeed 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA sequential Ugi four‐component reaction (4‐CR)/CH activation using (diacetoxyiodo)benzene is reported. This process is a five‐component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, aniline derivatives, isocyanides, phenylpropiolic acid (3‐phenylprop‐2‐ynoic acid), and (diacetoxyiodo)benzene for the synthesis of 3‐(diphenylmethylidene)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indol‐2‐ones. This procedure offers several advantages such as good yields, high bond‐forming efficiency, selectivity, and short reaction times.
Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Ophiocerin C through Two Different Approaches
Authors: Srilatha Malampati , Das Biswanath 
Published: November 2014

AbstractStereoselective total synthesis of ophiocerin C has been accomplished through two different approaches starting separately from acetaldehyde and from (R)‐propylene oxide, and Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation has been employed as the key step in both approaches.
Genetic and Environmental Variances of Bone Microarchitecture and Bone Remodeling Markers: A Twin Study
Authors: Bjørnerem Åshild , Bui Minh , Wang Xiaofang , Ghasem-Zadeh Ali , Hopper John L , Zebaze Roger , Seeman Ego 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

All genetic and environmental factors contributing to differences in bone structure between individuals mediate their effects through the final common cellular pathway of bone modeling and remodeling. We hypothesized that genetic factors account for most of the population variance of cortical and trabecular microstructure, in particular intracortical porosity and medullary size – void volumes (porosity), which establish the internal bone surface areas or interfaces upon which modeling and remodeling deposit or remove bone to configure bone microarchitecture. Microarchitecture of the distal tibia and distal radius and remodeling markers were measured for 95 monozygotic (MZ) and 66 dizygotic (DZ) white female twin pairs aged 40 to 61 years. Images obtained using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography were analyzed using StrAx1.0, a nonthreshold-based software that quantifies cortical matrix and porosity. Genetic and environmental components of variance were estimated under the assumptions of the classic twin model. The data were consistent with the proportion of variance accounted for by genetic factors being: 72% to 81% (standard errors ∼18%) for the distal tibial total, cortical, and medullary cross-sectional area (CSA); 67% and 61% for total cortical porosity, before and after adjusting for total CSA, respectively; 51% for trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD; all p &lt; 0.001). For the corresponding distal radius traits, genetic factors accounted for 47% to 68% of the variance (all p ≤ 0.001). Cross-twin cross-trait correlations between tibial cortical porosity and medullary CSA were higher for MZ (rMZ = 0.49) than DZ (rDZ = 0.27) pairs before (p = 0.024), but not after (p = 0.258), adjusting for total CSA. For the remodeling markers, the data were consistent with genetic factors accounting for 55% to 62% of the variance. We infer that middle-aged women differ in their bone microarchitecture and remodeling markers more because of differences in their genetic factors than differences in their environment. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Cyanuric chloride functionalized silica nanoparticles for covalent immobilization of lipase
Authors: Banjanac Katarina , Mihailović Mladen , Prlainović Nevena , Stojanović Marija , Carević Milica , Marinković Aleksandar , Bezbradica Dejan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this work, fumed nano‐silica (FNS) was chemically modified to amino (AFNS) and subsequently to cyanuric chloride (CCAFNS) modified silica and tested for the immobilization of lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL). The effects of the initial enzyme concentration, immobilization time and buffer ionic strength on immobilization were investigated in order to optimize utilization of the support and determine the mechanism of immobilization. The most active preparations were used to examine thermal and operational stability.RESULTSThe amount of immobilized enzyme increased with increasing enzyme concentration, achieving loadings of 121.3, 104.8 and 61.2 mg per g of FNS, CCAFNS and AFNS, respectively. Lipase immobilized on CCAFNS carrier in 0.1 mol L−1 buffer expressed the highest lipolytic activity (1320 IU g−1 support), while more stable preparations were obtained in 1 mol L−1 buffer.CONCLUSIONSuccessful modification of silica was confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Activity results showed that, depending on the support, immobilization was governed by different interactions. On FNS and AFNS immobilization was exclusively by adsorption, while on CCAFNS after the initial adsorption lipase molecules reoriented and amino groups of the enzyme formed a covalent bond with the chlorine atom of the modified carrier. Improved thermal and operational stability of lipase immobilized on CCAFNS in 1 mol L−1 buffer led to the conclusion that electrostatic interactions have a great role in the immobilization. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Biomorphometric analysis of ilio‐sacro‐iliacal corridors for an intra‐osseous implant to fix posterior pelvic ring fractures
Authors: Gras Florian , Hillmann Sophia , Rausch Sascha , Klos Kajetan , Hofmann Gunther O. , Marintschev Ivan 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIt is hypothesized that ilio‐sacro‐iliacal corridors for a new envisioned pelvic ring implant (trans‐sacral nail with two iliacal bolts = ISI‐nail: ilio‐sacro‐iliacal nail) exists on the level of S1‐ or S2‐vertebra in each patient. The corridors of 84 healthy human pelves (42x ♂; 42x ♀, 18–85 years) were measured in high resolution CT scans using the Merlin Diagnostic Workcenter Software. Trans‐sacral corridors (≥9 mm diameter) on the level of S1 and S2 were found in 62% and 54% of pelves with a mean length [mm ± SD] of 164 ± 12.9 and 142 ±  10.2. Corresponding iliac corridors were present in all specimens in caudally tilted axial planes of 37.8 ± 0.67° and 53.7 ± 0.94° in relation to the operating table plane and divergent angulations of 69.0 ± 0.49° and 70.1 ± 0.32° in relation to the sagittal midline plane. Sacral dysmorphism, with compensatory larger S2 corridors were prevalent in 24% of pelves; ilio‐sacro‐iliacal osseous corridors for the envisioned implant were found in 88% of pelves on the level of S1 or S2. In the remaining 12% with too narrow corridors for any trans‐sacral implant (screws, bars, ISI nail) alternative fixation methods have to be considered. Expected advantages of the envisioned ISI nail compared to available fixation devices are discussed. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:254–260, 2015.
Characterization of local delivery with amphotericin B and vancomycin from modified chitosan sponges and functional biofilm prevention evaluation
Authors: Parker Ashley Cox , Beenken Karen E. , Jennings Jessica Amber , Hittle Lauren , Shirtliff Mark E. , Bumgardner Joel D. , Smeltzer Mark S. , Haggard Warren O. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTPolymicrobial musculoskeletal wound infections are troublesome complications and can be difficult to treat when caused by invasive fungi or bacteria. However, few local antifungal delivery systems have been studied. Chitosan and polyethylene glycol (PEG) sponge local antifungal delivery systems have been developed for adjunctive therapy to reduce musculoskeletal wound contamination. This study evaluated the effects of blending PEG, at 6,000 or 8,000 g/mol, with chitosan in sponge form on in vitro amphotericin B and vancomycin elution, eluate activity, cytocompatibility, and in vivo prevention of a bacterial biofilm. Blended chitosan sponges released both amphotericin B and vancomycin in vitro. All tested amphotericin B eluates remained active against Candida albicans, and vancomycin eluates from blended sponges maintained activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Amphotericin B eluates obtained after 1 h from blended sponges elicited 62–95% losses in fibroblast viability, but 3 h eluates only caused 22–60% decreases in viability. In a Staphylococcus aureus infected mouse catheter biofilm prevention model, vancomycin loaded chitosan/PEG 6000 sponge cleared bacteria from 100% of the catheters, with reduced clearance rate observed in other sponges. These results indicate that the chitosan/PEG blended sponges have potential for local antifungal and/or antibiotic combination delivery as an adjunctive therapy to prevent wound infections. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:???–???, 2015.
How to Examine a Patient with Chorea
Authors: Cardoso Francisco 
Published: November 2014

AbstractChorea is a movement disorder that results from the continuous and random flow of muscle contractions leading to a dance‐like appearance. The aims of this article are to define chorea, discuss its underlying causes, and provide a video demonstration of a seven‐step guide on how to examine a patient with this movement disorder. This guide helps the clinician to determine the clinical features, severity, and etiology of chorea.
Review and another derivation of the power wave
Authors: Hirano Takuichi 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe power wave had been proposed to handle the power flow of transmission lines with complex‐valued characteristic impedance. Although the power wave is commonly used, the straightforward derivation of the power wave had not been presented in the previous paper. In this article, the power wave was reviewed and its straightforward derivation is presented. The definition and the meaning of the power wave became much clearer. Numerical simulations were performed to confirm the physical meaning of several wave definitions, and it was confirmed that only the power wave satisfies consumed power and conjugate matching relation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:26–28, 2015
New radar absorbent material based of carboned foam glass application to pyramidal radar absorber
Authors: Legendre Jean‐Francois 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis note describes a new material made of carboned foam glass. Shaped as a pyramid, its leads to great absorption levels. The computation of reflection coefficient is completely derived. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:18–22, 2015
A 75–85 GHz down‐conversion mixer with integrated Marchand baluns in 90 nm CMOS with excellent matching and port‐to‐port isolation for automotive radars
Authors: Lin Yo‐Sheng , Li Guo‐Hao , Van Hieu Nguyen 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTA 75–85 GHz double‐balanced down‐conversion mixer for automotive radars using standard 90 nm CMOS technology is reported. The down‐conversion mixer comprises a double‐balanced Gilbert cell with inductive source‐degeneration RF transconductance stage for RF‐port input matching bandwidth and conversion gain (CG) enhancement, a Marchand balun for converting the single RF input signal to differential signal, a Marchand balun for converting the single LO input signal to differential signal, and a baseband amplifier. The mixer consumes 13 mW and achieves excellent RF‐port input reflection coefficient of −13.1 to −19.4 dB and LO‐port input reflection coefficient of −9.1 to −11.8 dB for frequencies of 75–85 GHz. In addition, for frequencies of 75–85 GHz, the mixer achieves CG of −1 to 1.5 dB, LO‐RF isolation of 43.5–49.2 dB, LO‐IF isolation of 56.5–64.5 dB and RF‐IF isolation of 35.9–39.4 dB, one of the best CG and port‐to‐port isolation results ever reported for a CMOS down‐conversion mixer with operation frequency around 80 GHz. Furthermore, the mixer achieves an excellent input third‐order intercept point of 2.7 dBm at 79 GHz. These results demonstrate the proposed down‐conversion mixer architecture is promising for W‐band transceivers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:73–80, 2015