bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of Intestinal Stem Cell Niche Constituents in Normal and Strangulated Equine Small Intestine
Authors: Gonzalez L.M. , Smith L. , Blikslager A.T. 
Published: September 2013

AimDeath from colic results from acute circulatory failure secondary to intestinal ischaemia and sepsis. Multipotent stem cells normally reside within intestinal crypts and are the source of mucosal renewal that maintains barrier function. A better understanding of changes to intestinal cell populations during mucosal repair will facilitate future efforts directed at regenerative medicine. The aim of this research was to characterise the constituents of the stem cell niche in normal and strangulated equine intestine using biomarkers validated in other animal models.MethodsTissues were collected from 3 healthy horses subjected to euthanasia for reasons unrelated to this project, and intra‐operatively from 2 horses admitted to the NCSU Veterinary Health Complex that required small intestinal resection. Tissues were examined using immunofluorescence (IF) and western blots (WB). For IF, fixed tissues were embedded and sectioned. Protein was isolated from snap frozen mucosal scrapings, and semi‐quantitative analysis of protein levels between groups was conducted using WB.ResultsStem/progenitor cells were labelled using sex determining region Y‐box 9 (SOX9), a marker of stem/progenitor cells, whereas the entire population of proliferative cells was identified by labelling proliferative cell nuclear antigen. Post mitotic cell types were labelled using mucin2 (goblet cells), chromogranin A (enteroendocrine cells), beta‐catenin (epithelial cells) and sucrase isomaltase (absorptive cells). Additionally, caspase 3 positively marked apoptotic cells. Western blot indicated increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation, but preservation of stem/progenitor cell populations in ischaemic cases. Sample collection continues on normal and ischaemic‐injured intestinal epithelium to support statistical differences.Conclusions and practical significanceThese findings provide the technical platform for identifying distinct cell populations within the stem cell niche. These preliminary results indicate that surgically resected segments may be a viable source of stem/progenitor cells to induce regeneration in injured intestine.Ethical animal researchThe Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved all animal studies and client consent was obtained. Sources of funding: 1) NJH/NCSU Comparative Medicine and Translational Research Training Program (CMTRTP) T32RR024394. 2) North Carolina Horse Council. Competing interests: None.
Equine Influenza and Equine Herpesvirus Vaccination: Evaluation of Immune Response and Safety of Concurrent Administration of Equip® FT and Equip® EHV 1,4
Authors: Paillot R. , Ons E. , Besognet B. , Slootmans N. , Thomas A. , Salt J. 
Published: September 2013

AimsThe concurrent administration of EHV1,4 and EIV vaccines is not currently recommended. This study aimed to evaluate safety and immunogenicity of concurrent administration of Equip® FT and Equip® EHV1,4 (treatment group T04) as compared with vaccination with Equip® FT (treatment group T02) or Equip® EHV1,4 (treatment group T03) alone.MethodsEach treatment group included 10 ponies vaccinated on study Days 0 and 42. Immune responses to vaccine antigens were measured on Day 56. Tetanus antibody titres were determined with the toxin binding inhibition test (ToBI). Immunity to equine influenza virus (EIV) induced by vaccination was measured by single radial haemolysis (SRH; antibody response) and IFN gamma assay (a marker of cell‐mediated immunity; CMI). Immune responses to Herpesvirus 1,4 were measured by complement fixation (CF) and IFN gamma assay.ResultsConcurrent administration of EIV and EHV1,4 vaccines was well tolerated. Concurrent administration was proven to be efficacious against tetanus with similar serological immune response of treatment group T04 as compared with T02. Mean SRH results for ponies that received both vaccines were above 85 mm2 for A/eq/Borlange/91 and A/eq/Kentucky/98 antigens, a threshold associated with clinical protection against closely related EIV strains. The highest levels of IFN gamma response were measured in group T02. Although concurrent vaccination seemed to have an effect on both equine herpesvirus (EHV) serology and EHV CMI, EHV results obtained during this study were not conclusive and may have been influenced by a natural EHV‐4 infection occurring prior to study start.Conclusion and practical relevanceConcurrent administration of Equip® FT and Equip® EHV1,4 was well tolerated and induced mean serum antibody levels consistent with clinical protection for tetanus and EIV. However, it was not possible to gather relevant information about the EHV immune response under the conditions of this study.Ethical animal researchThe study was conducted under the Animal Health Trust Home Office Project License and with approval of the Zaventem Ethics Review Assessment team (Zoetis). Sources of funding: The study was sponsored by Pfizer/Zoetis Animal Health. Competing interests: Equip® FT and Equip® EHV1,4 are owned by Zoetis, who sponsored this study. Romain Paillot reports no conflict of interest. All other authors are employed by the study sponsor.
Abnormal Plasma Neuroactive Progestagen Derivatives in Ill, Neonatal Foals Presented to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Aleman M.R. , Pickles K.J. , Conley A.J. , Standley S. , Haggett E. , Toth B. , Madigan J.E. 
Published: September 2013

AimsTo determine the pregnane profile of foals with neonatal maladjustment syndrome (NMS) and compare it with that of healthy controls and sick, non‐NMS foals.MethodsThirty‐two foals with a clinical diagnosis of NMS, 12 foals with other neonatal disorders and 10 healthy control foals were selected for the study. Heparinised blood samples were collected from each group of foals and pregnane and androgen concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry at 0, 24 and 48 h of age.ResultsHealthy foals showed a significant decrease in pregnane concentrations over the first 48 h of life (P<0.01). Foals with NMS and sick, non‐NMS foals had significantly increased progesterone, pregnenolone, androstenedione dehydroepiandrosterone and epitestosterone concentrations compared with healthy foals (P<0.05). Progesterone and pregnenolone concentrations of sick, non‐NMS foals decreased significantly over 48 h (P<0.05), whereas concentrations in NMS foals remained elevated.Conclusions and practical relevancePregnane concentrations of ill, neonatal foals remain elevated following birth, reflective of a delayed, or interrupted, transition from intra‐ to extra‐uterine life. These pregnanes are potent allosteric modulators of the GABAA receptor and are important in providing tonic inhibition of fetal central nervous system activity and damping movement to prevent maternal damage. Infusion of the pregnane allopregnanolone into neonatal foals leads to somnolence and loss of affinity for the dam (Madigan et al. ). Together, these findings suggest that the pathogenesis of NMS may be associated with the persistence of high concentrations of pregnanes. Serial progesterone and pregnenolone measurement may be useful in aiding diagnosis of NMS.Ethical animal researchThe UC Davis IACUC approved the project. Sources of funding: Private donation. Competing interests: None.
Quantifying the effect of semi‐natural riparian cover on stream temperatures: implications for salmonid habitat management
Authors: Ryan D. K. , Yearsley J. M. , Kelly‐Quinn M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPrevious studies examining the effects of riparian cover on stream temperatures have led to highly variable findings. In an attempt to reduce these uncertainties, this study examines the relationship between stream temperature variability and local climatic conditions over discrete 300‐m sections of a watercourse. Seventeen stream sections were chosen within the Slaney catchment on the basis of riparian cover and size. Continuous monitoring over a 2‐year period from May 2010 found that riparian cover had a measurable cooling effect on water temperatures at small spatial scales. The magnitude of this effect was dependent on stream size and local climactic conditions.
Response of fish communities to the deployment of estuarine artificial reefs for fisheries enhancement
Authors: Lowry M. B. , Glasby T. M. , Boys C. A. , Folpp H. , Suthers I. , Gregson M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractUnderstanding succession of fish communities associated with artificial structures is required to assess the potential of these initiatives as part of fisheries enhancement strategies and determine possible impacts on the broader ecological community. Artificial reef systems constructed in three south‐eastern Australian estuaries were monitored over a four‐year period. Recruitment of fish to the artificial reefs was rapid, with significantly greater species richness observed on artificial reefs than on natural habitats for the majority of locations and times. The rate of community change varied between estuaries and appeared to be related to the quality and amount of existing habitat and the distance of the artificial reef from sources of recruitment. General patterns were also identified among estuaries driven by strong recruitment, followed by a rapid reduction in several mobile schooling species. By contrast, there was early and sustained recruitment of a variety of sparid species, which are of importance to recreational and commercial fisheries.
REVOLUTION, MODERNITY, AND THE POTENTIAL OF NARRATIVES: SELF‐DETERMINATION AND HISTORY IN GOETHE'S WORKS OF THE 1790s
Authors: Eriksson Birgit 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the impact of the French Revolution on Goethe's narrative works in the mid‐1790s. I argue that the reductive interpretation of Goethe's attitude to the Revolution as distant and reluctant ignores the formal and thematic impact of the Revolution on his prose works. Similarly, we lose important perspectives when reducing German intellectual life of the late eighteenth century to apolitical inwardness. The Revolution had an impact, also in the German context, and Goethe's literary works were significantly affected by it. Working in various literary genres, he investigated and experimented with some of the fundamental challenges of the Revolution and the modern era, especially those regarding self‐determination, community, and the nexus between individual and shared history. Following a brief sketch of how these issues looked from a German perspective, I will focus on Goethe's treatment of them in two literary works from the mid‐1790s: his cycle of novellas, Unterhaltungen deutscher Ausgewanderten (1795) and his Bildungsroman, Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre (1795–6).
‘EFFUSIONS OF NATURE’ – ‘SAMENKÖRNER DER NATION’: THE POLITICS OF MEMORY IN PERCY'S RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH POETRY AND HERDER'S VOLKSLIEDER*
Authors: Axer Eva 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTIn the eighteenth century the ballad, which until then had been a popular genre, was presented in ballad collections as ‘ancient song’. The aim was to establish the ballad as part of a national literary canon intended to contribute to a sense of national identity. This article will compare two of the most influential English and German ballad collections of the eighteenth century, Thomas Percy's Reliques of Ancient English Poetry (1765) and Johann Gottfried Herder's Volkslieder (1778–9). Even though both Percy and Herder endorsed and developed the idea that the native ancient ballad was an expression of nature and an artless art, there are significant differences in their approach. In the Reliques, Percy regarded the act of archiving and therefore the authorisation of the popular genre within high culture as being linked to the authenticity of manuscript media. In contrast, Herder emphasised the ballad's tune (‘Ton’) and thus an emotional truthfulness of the genre and dynamic qualities he also subsumed as vitality (‘Lebendigkeit’). Herder's representation of not only the ballad genre itself, but also of its transmission in terms of a natural process meant that the editorial refining of older specimens in order to include them in ballad collections could be understood as an intrinsic development of the genre. This eventually shaped differing politics of memory in Germany regarding the ballad genre and resulted in a higher cultural and political significance of literary ballads and literary ballad collections in Germany.
Helicobacter pylori in 2013: Multiplying Genomes, Emerging Insights
Authors: Ahmed Niyaz , Loke Mun Fai , Kumar Narender , Vadivelu Jamuna 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe describe features of key additions to the existing pool of publicly accessible Helicobacter pylori genome sequences and sequences of Helicobacter pylori phages from April 2012 to March 2013. In addition, important studies involving H. pylori genomes, especially those pertaining to genomic diversity, disease outcome, H. pylori population structure and evolution are reviewed. High degree of homologous recombination contributes to increased diversity of H. pylori genomes. New methods of resolving H. pylori population structure to an ultrafine level led to the proposal of new subpopulations. As the magnitude of diversity in the H. pylori gene pool becomes more and more clear, geographic and demographic factors should be brought to analysis while identifying disease‐specific biomarkers and defining new virulence mechanisms.
Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Calvet Xavier , Ramírez Lázaro María‐José , Lehours Philippe , Mégraud Francis 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA limited amount of new information was published in the field of diagnosis and epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori this last year. Besides some improvement in current tests, it is interesting to note the attempts to identify severe disease, for example gastric cancer, by breath analysis using nanomaterial‐based sensors. In contrast, the predictive value for gastric cancer and atrophy of pepsinogen determinations was found inadequate.Prevalence studies of H. pylori infection have been carried out in adults and children around the world in the general population but also in specific communities. The usual risk factors were found. In addition, a Japanese study highlighted the role of grandmothers in the familial transmission of H. pylori.A study showed that the infection may not always readily establish itself in children, given the number of transient infections observed. It was also noted that after eradication, a first‐year relapse is likely to be a recurrence of the previous infection, while later on it is probably a reinfection with a new strain.
IMPACT OF THE GALLEON CASE ON INFORMED TRADING BEFORE MERGER ANNOUNCEMENTS
Authors: Chira Inga , Madura Jeff 
Published: September 2013

AbstractOn October 16, 2009, the U.S. government charged Galleon hedge fund founder Raj Rajaratnam and five others with insider trading, in what was described by a key prosecutor overseeing the case as a “wake‐up call to Wall Street and to every hedge fund manager.” We find that the mean abnormal stock price runup of targets (a measure of informed trading) during the 26 months since the inception of the Galleon case declined from 5.12% to 2.84%. The early evidence strongly suggests that the Galleon case has sent a clear signal to the traders, and that the traders are listening.
Detection of bacterial DNA by PCR in dogs with stifle pathology
Authors: Bhandal Jitender , Hayashi Kei , Kim Sun‐Young , Klein Martha , Wong Alice , Toupadakis Chrisoula A. , Muir Peter , Yellowley Clare E. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine presence of bacterial DNA in canine stifles with cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) and medial patellar luxation (MPL) compared to normal canine stifles (control).Study designProspective clinical study.AnimalsDogs (n = 44).MethodsDogs of varying age, breed, sex, and weight residing in California were assessed for stifle pathology (CCLR, MPL, or normal control). Synovial fluid of all stifles was assessed for the presence of bacterial DNA using broad‐ranging 16S rRNA primers and PCR.ResultsBacterial DNA was detected in normal control stifles and those with CCLR and MPL. There were no statistical differences in the copy numbers of bacterial DNA in the stifle synovial fluid among groups (P > .05); however, synovial fluid specimens from dogs with stifle pathology (CCLR and MPL combined) tended to have higher copy numbers of bacterial DNA than those from controls (P = .06). There was no significant difference in the number of bacterial DNA between the CCLR and MPL groups (P = .57). The copy numbers of bacterial DNA had a weak positive significant correlation with the duration of lameness in CCLR group (P < .05).ConclusionsIncreased detection of bacterial DNA in the stifle synovial fluid may indicate joint pathology but not be directly linked to a specific joint disease.
Building a global community of policymakers, researchers and educators to move education systems into the digital age
Authors: Voogt J. , Knezek G. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe EDUsummIT 2011 aimed to develop (a) recommendations for policy, practice and research that will help educational systems move into the digital age and (b) strategies to build a global community of researchers, policymakers and teachers in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Education. Thematic working groups addressed these goals from different perspectives: the learner, the teacher, curriculum and assessment, the structure of schooling, essential conditions for ICT integration and researching IT in education. This special issue reflects the research evidence underpinning the discussions and recommendations of the EDUsummIT thematic working groups.
Challenges to learning and schooling in the digital networked world of the 21st century
Authors: Voogt J. , Erstad O. , Dede C. , Mishra P. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article elaborates on the competencies, often referred to as 21st century competencies, that are needed to be able to live in and contribute to our current (and future) society. We begin by describing, analysing and reflecting on international frameworks describing 21st century competencies, giving special attention to digital literacy as one of the core competencies for the 21st century. This is followed by an analysis of the learning approaches that are considered appropriate for acquiring 21st century competencies, and the specific role of technology in these learning processes. Despite some consensus about what 21st century competencies are and how they can be acquired, results from international studies indicate that teaching strategies for 21st century competencies are often not well implemented in actual educational practice. The reasons for this include a lack of integration of 21st century competencies in curriculum and assessment, insufficient preparation of teachers and the absence of any systematic attention for strategies to adopt at scale innovative teaching and learning practices. The article concludes with a range of specific recommendations for the implementation of 21st century competencies.
An Organized Approach to the Localization, Mapping, and Ablation of Outflow Tract Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: HUTCHINSON MATHEW D. , GARCIA FERMIN C. 
Published: September 2013

Localization, Mapping, and Ablation of Outflow Tract Ventricular ArrhythmiasThe outflow tract (OT) regions of the right and left ventricles, common sites of origin for idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (VA), have complex three‐dimensional anatomical relationships. The understanding of in situ or “attitudinal” relationships not only informs the electrocardiographic interpretation of VA site of origin, but also facilitates their catheter‐based mapping and ablation strategies. By viewing each patient as his or her own “control,” the expected changes in ECG morphology (i.e., frontal plane QRS axis and precordial transition) between adjacent intracardiac structures (e.g., RVOT and aortic root) can be reliably predicted. Successful mapping of OT VAs involve a combination of activation and pacemapping guided by fluoroscopy, electroanatomical mapping, and intracardiac echocardiography. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a simple, reliable strategy for catheter based mapping and ablation of OT VAs. We also discuss 2 specific challenges in OT VA mapping: (1) differentiating posterior RVOT from right coronary cusp VA origin; and (2) mapping VAs originating from the LV summit.
Berberine potently attenuates intestinal polyps growth in ApcMin mice and familial adenomatous polyposis patients through inhibition of Wnt signalling
Authors: Zhang Junfang , Cao Hailong , Zhang Bing , Cao Hanwei , Xu Xiuqin , Ruan Hang , Yi Tingting , Tan Li , Qu Rui , Song Gang , Wang Bangmao , Hu Tianhui 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAs a traditional anti‐inflammatory Chinese herbal medicine, Alkaloid berberine has been recently reported to exhibit anti‐tumour effects against a wide spectrum of cancer. However, the mechanism was largely unknown. Gene chip array reveals that with berberine treatment, c‐Myc, the target gene of Wnt pathway, was down‐regulated 5.3‐folds, indicating that berberine might inhibit Wnt signalling. TOPflash analysis revealed that Wnt activity was significantly reduced after berberine treatment, and the mechanism of which might be that berberine disrupted β‐catenin transfer to nucleus through up‐regulating the expression of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene and stabilized APC‐β‐catenin complex. Berberine administration in ApcMin/+ mice exhibited fewer and smaller polyps in intestine, along with reduction in cyclin D1 and c‐Myc expression. In clinical practice, oral administration of berberine also significantly reduced the familial adenomatous polyposis patients' polyp size along with the inhibition of cyclin D1 expression in polyp samples. These observations indicate that berberine inhibits colon tumour formation through inhibition of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling and berberine might be a promising drug for the prevention of colon cancer.
Shareholder Activism and Earnings Management Incentives: An Empirical Examination of Shareholder Proposals in the United States
Authors: Sun Yan , Wang Weimin , Wang Xu (Frank) , Zhang William 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the effect of shareholder activism on earnings management. Using a US sample of shareholder pay‐for‐performance proposals sponsored by institutional investors, we find that when compared to control firms, firms targeted by shareholder proposals have a greater magnitude of discretionary accruals (DA) in their reported earnings. In addition, we find that the likelihood of meeting or beating earnings benchmarks through the use of DA is higher for targeted firms whose managers have job security concerns due to the firms’ inferior stock performance in the past or have plans to sell company stock. Our results are consistent with the notion that pay‐for‐performance proposals have unintended consequences by introducing or exacerbating incentives to manage earnings for short‐term gains. The results also indicate that, for financial reporting, the short‐termism effect may dominate the alignment and/or disciplinary effect of shareholder monitoring.