bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Archival information services based on social networking services in a mobile environment
Authors: Kim Yong , Kyung Kang Hye , Kim Ee-gyeong , Kim Geon 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– Social networking services (SNS) sites such as Facebook and Twitter have increasingly established themselves as a new paradigm of communication. Due to the rapid popularization of mobile devices, mobile SNS are creating a particularly significant change in the way in which information is distributed. The purpose of this paper is to propose a mobile SNS system tailored for archival information services (AIS) in South Korea.

Design/methodology/approach
– In order to find an appropriate service structure for the proposed AIS system, the authors conduct a case study of the existing mobile SNS sites. In addition to this, the authors investigate how mobile SNS are currently used in libraries and archives. Based on the results, they propose a mobile SNS structure suitable for the AIS system, for which a user interface and database is designed and implemented.

Findings
– The proposed system can leverage mobile SNS to expand the accessibility of AIS and encourage active participation and cooperation from users.

Originality/value
– The proposed system can improve the security vulnerabilities inherent in Facebook and Twitter; further, it can induce active user participation through two-way communication channels with users and also produce high-quality information by providing a communication space between the archiving experts.
Comparing digital libraries with virtual communities from the perspective of e-quality
Authors: Yan Yalan , Zha Xianjin , Zhang Jinchao , Hou Xiaorong 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– In this study, the authors use the term “e-quality” to refer to information quality, system quality and service quality. This study aims to focus on e-quality, exploring and comparing users' perceptions of digital libraries and virtual communities in the hope that the results of this study can help lead to better understanding of the exact nature of e-quality as perceived by users.Design/methodology/approach– A large-scale survey was conducted for data collection. Data collected from 334 users of digital libraries and virtual communities were used for data analysis.Findings– The study finds that users are likely to perceive a higher level of information quality, system quality and service quality of digital libraries than of virtual communities.Practical implications– The authors suggest that librarians do not need to have concerns over the challenge brought by virtual communities, which indeed have an increasing impact on the way a lot of people seek and gather information. Instead, they should encourage their users to use both digital libraries and virtual communities. The authors believe that the usage of these two types of information sources by users can efficiently inform each other, thus facilitating the e-quality of both digital libraries and virtual communities to reach excellence.Originality/value– Building on the information systems (IS) success model, this study explores and compares users' perceptions of digital libraries and virtual communities in terms of e-quality, which the authors think presents a new view for digital library research and practice alike.
Study expectations of 1st/2nd generation STEM postgraduate taught students
Authors: Morgan Michelle 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– Although there is an increasing body of literature looking at the postgraduate student experience, there is a lack of research and knowledge in understanding the impact of postgraduate (taught) PGT students' learning experiences prior to their postgraduate study, and their expectations of studying at PGT level. The research undertaken in the Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing at a post-1992 institution, which focuses on STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering and mathematics), aims to correct this deficiency by providing valuable data and insights into this nationally and internationally largely neglected area. This paper seeks to report the notable findings of first and second-generation respondents.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were collected via a hard copy questionnaire that had been developed through previous research and with staff and PGT course representative input. It was distributed and completed by new taught postgraduate students during the orientation period in September 2012. It was entered into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and a range of tests were run on the data.

Findings
– This original research highlights the similarities and differences between first and second-generation respondents' prior learning experiences and their expectations of studying at postgraduate taught level.

Research limitations/implications
– The findings from the research presented was conducted over a one-year period and the findings are based on the limitations that such a time and financially limited project can offer. The university concerned is a post-1992 institution and has a high concentration towards teaching functions. What is observed at this UK HEI could be replicable in other teaching oriented organisations thus merits further research.

Originality/value
– The findings from this original piece of research offer potentially important contributions to the current PGT debate looking at developing and expanding PGT provision and ensuring its sustainability.
Quality improvement of technical education in Saudi Arabia: self-evaluation perspective
Authors: A. Alzamil Zakarya 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– In Saudi Arabia, technical education is managed by Technical and Vocational Training Corporation. However, there is no independent accrediting body to accredit the technical institutes and assure its quality, which causes the lack of unified quality assurance standards and manageable quality improvement processes. The purpose of this paper is to propose self-evaluation standards to help the technical institutes to evaluate their performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author has used a brainstorming technique of local practitioners in quality assurance. Such technique was performed by adopting DACUM that stands for “Developing A CurriculUM”. The author has used a heuristic educational and training process as the foundation of the standards and processes development, namely; curriculum, environment, training managements, and instructors. A team has been established that has been trained locally and abroad on the quality assurance standards and processes. The team studied several quality frameworks of the different countries to come up with guidelines for quality self-evaluation and standards.

Findings
– The author has found that such an approach is a very effective tool for improving the institutes' performance and gives them the flexibility to decide about their missions. Most of institutes' staff is reluctant to participate in the self-evaluation process because of the fear it may reveal their weaknesses, but with encouragement and motivation especially from the top management they tend to participate in such a process. Self-evaluation helps the educational institutes to be benchmarked with other international institutions, in which good practices may be adopted by the institutes' managements to achieve their vision.

Research limitations/implications
– The proposed approach can help the technical education institutes to manage their quality system. In addition, the implementation of such an approach might be the starting point to develop a quality system framework for the technical education in Saudi Arabia. However, further investigation is needed to measure whether applying such standards may help the technical education institutes to meet the required quality standards to attain an accreditation from the international quality agencies.

Originality/value
– The proposed guidelines for quality standards and processes is a contribution in the accreditation and quality assurance processes for many public and private institutions in Saudi Arabia. In addition, it is an important step to standardize the quality processes.
Risk management and cultural virtue in HE co-delivery arrangements
Authors: Talbot Jonathan , Perrin David , Meakin Denise 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The purpose of the paper is to contribute to the debate on the maintenance and enhancement of quality in the emerging landscape of higher education practice and delivery where new kinds of institutional relationships are emerging. Much of the literature describes situations where the risk to quality assurance is relatively low. The example discussed here details how principles of risk management can be used to assure quality where the risk of reputational damage is far greater.Design/methodology/approach– The paper uses a single case study approach.Findings– New and flexible forms of delivery in higher education present opportunities but also the potential for reputational damage so innovative delivery must be matched by a corresponding commitment to quality. This must be embedded at all levels, including tutors. Much of the literature from the perspective of tutors emphasises their experience of quality as a matter of bureaucratic compliance. The case study illustrates that in circumstances where there is a risk of compromise academic tutors can actively engage with a quality enhancement process.Research limitations/implications– Although a case study of specialised practice there is evidence that increasing numbers of universities are seeking to engage in similar methods. The literature on the implications of these initiatives is comprised of case studies so there is a need for more systematic research which examines practices more broadly. The case study also suggests that the search for quality cultures in HE may fruitfully investigate circumstances where quality has to be fought for rather than assumed.Practical implications– The paper demonstrates that universities can deliver in flexible and innovative ways which do not compromise their reputation provided they risk assess the implications of each arrangement and develop appropriate procedures and practices at all levels of operation.Originality/value– The case study is not the first of its kind to be published but it is the first to be published in the context of the quality assurance literature rather than the more specialist work based learning literature. It links developments within that specialist field to more mainstream discourses in the quality assurance literature. It also draws attention of a wider audience to some of the more innovative developments in British HE practice.
Avoidable Euler Errors – the use and abuse of Euler deconvolution applied to potential fields
Authors: Reid Alan B. , Ebbing Jörg , Webb Susan J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWindow‐based Euler deconvolution is commonly applied to magnetic and sometimes to gravity interpretation problems. For the deconvolution to be geologically meaningful, care must be taken to choose parameters properly. The following proposed process design rules are based partly on mathematical analysis and partly on experience.

The interpretation problem must be expressible in terms of simple structures with integer Structural Index (SI) and appropriate to the expected geology and geophysical source.
The field must be sampled adequately, with no significant aliasing.
The grid interval must fit the data and the problem, neither meaninglessly over‐gridded nor so sparsely gridded as to misrepresent relevant detail.
The required gradient data (measured or calculated) must be valid, with sufficiently low noise, adequate representation of necessary wavelengths and no edge‐related ringing.
The deconvolution window size must be at least twice the original data spacing (line spacing or observed grid spacing) and more than half the desired depth of investigation.
The ubiquitous sprays of spurious solutions must be reduced or eliminated by judicious use of clustering and reliability criteria, or else recognized and ignored during interpretation.
The process should be carried out using Cartesian coordinates if the software is a Cartesian implementation of the Euler deconvolution algorithm (most accessible implementations are Cartesian).
If these rules are not adhered to, the process is likely to yield grossly misleading results. An example from southern Africa demonstrates the effects of poor parameter choices.
The outcome of shared pollination services is affected by the density and spatial pattern of an attractive neighbour
Authors: Seifan Merav , Hoch Eva‐Maria , Hanoteaux Sven , Tielbörger Katja 
Published: April 2014

Summary

Interactions among neighbouring plants are often mediated by foraging choices of pollinators. For example, the presence of a conspicuous species may increase the number of pollinators attracted to its vicinity, indirectly increasing visitation rates also to neighbouring plants. Because pollinator choices are frequently density‐dependent, the presence of a conspicuous species at high densities may also increase competition for pollination services. Additionally, models predict that plant density will interact with spatial distribution in manipulating the pollinator behaviour, yet experimental evidence for this effect is missing.

We performed a field experiment in which we introduced a highly conspicuous species in different densities and spatial configurations in a full‐factorial manner into a species‐rich meadow and studied its effect on neighbouring plants.

We showed that the highly conspicuous species strongly contributed to the attractiveness of its local patch and thus benefited its neighbours. However, because of the strong density effect, the conspicuous species changed its role and became a competitor for pollinators when its density increased.

We supported our theoretical assumptions and showed that when the introduced conspicuous species was regularly distributed among other plants in the patch, it increased visitation rate, and in some cases also seed set, to conspicuous neighbours relative to when it was aggregated, at least at low densities.

Synthesis. We suggest that complex interactions between density and spatial distribution of plant species at the patch scale are highly relevant for the interpretation of pollinator behaviour and therefore should be treated as factors of floral attractiveness in future studies.
Predictive accuracy of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale assessment during pregnancy for the risk of developing postpartum depressive symptoms: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Meijer JL , Beijers C , van Pampus MG , Verbeek T , Stolk RP , Milgrom J , Bockting CLH , Burger H 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the 10‐item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) administered antenatally is accurate in predicting postpartum depressive symptoms, and whether a two‐item EPDS has similar predictive accuracy.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingObstetric care in the Netherlands.PopulationOne thousand six hundred and twenty women from the general population.MethodsMean values, area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of antenatal EPDS for the likelihood of developing postpartum depressive symptoms were calculated. Analyses were repeated for each trimester, several cut‐off values and a two‐item EPDS (low mood and anhedonia).Main outcome measuresPostpartum depressive symptoms, defined as EPDS score ≥10.ResultsMean EPDS scores were significantly higher during each trimester in women with postpartum depressive symptoms than in those without the symptoms (P < 0.001). Using the prevailing cut‐off (≥13), the AUC was reasonable (0.74), sensitivity was 16.8% (95% CI 11.0–24.1), positive predictive value was 41.8% (95% CI 28.7–55.9), specificity was 97.8% (95% CI 97.0–98.5) and negative predictive value was 92.7% (95% CI 91.3–94.0). Using a lower cut‐off value (≥5), sensitivity was 70.8% (95% CI 62.4–78.3) and specificity was 65.4% 4 (95% CI 62.9–67.8), but positive predictive value was low (15.9%, 95% CI 13.1–19.0). Negative predictive value was exceedingly high at 96.0% (95% CI 94.6–97.2). Results were similar during the second and third trimester. The predictive accuracy of the two‐item EPDS appeared inferior.ConclusionsThe EPDS was not sufficiently accurate in predicting risk of postpartum depressive symptoms. Nevertheless, when using the ≥5 cut‐off value, it may be adequate for initial screening, followed by further assessments and possibly antenatal intervention when positive. Furthermore, when negative, women may be reassured that postpartum depressive symptoms are unlikely. A two‐item version showed poor predictive accuracy.
A Note on the Effects of the Income Stabilisation Tool on Income Inequality in Agriculture
Authors: Finger Robert , El Benni Nadja 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIncreasing concerns with income risks in agriculture have led to discussions on the introduction of an Income Stabilisation Tool (IST) in Europe. In this note, we extend existing evaluations of the IST by investigating the potential effect of the IST on inequality in farm incomes using Swiss agriculture as a case study. We find that the IST will significantly reduce income inequality, in particular by increasing lower quantiles of the income distribution. This property constitutes a value‐added of the IST that is not yet considered in the current policy debate.
Internal Validation of Human Mitochondrial DNA Quantification Using Real‐Time PCR
Authors: Sprouse Marc L. , Phillips Nicole R. , Kavlick Mark F. , Roby Rhonda K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe quantity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) template added for amplification and subsequent dye terminator reactions is critical for obtaining quality sequence data. Validation of a human mtDNA real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay demonstrated its high degree of reproducibility and precision as well as an extremely sensitive threshold of detection (0.0001 pg/μL or approximately six human mtDNA copies/μL). A study of 35 nonprobative bone and teeth evidence samples revealed that 20 pg of mtDNA template is recommended for successful HV1 and HV2 sequence analysis; however, as little as 0.013 pg can generate a full mtDNA profile when using enhanced amplification reactions. The assay can also detect PCR inhibition and is useful for identifying samples that may benefit from re‐purification. Overall, the assay is an excellent method to quantify mtDNA and is useful for determining the best analytical approach for successful sequencing.
Tranexamic acid for trauma: Filling the ‘GAP’ in evidence
Authors: Mitra Biswadev , Mazur Stefan , Cameron Peter A , Bernard Stephen , Burns Brian , Smith Anthony , Rashford Stephen , Fitzgerald Mark , Smith Karen , Gruen Russell L ,   PATCH‐Trauma Study Investigators
Published: April 2014

AbstractFollowing findings of the Clinical Randomisation of an Antifibrinolytic in Significant Haemorrhage (CRASH‐2) trial, tranexamic acid (TxA) use post trauma is becoming widespread. However, issues of generalisability, applicability and predictability beyond the context of study sites remain unresolved. Internal and external validity of the CRASH‐2 trial are currently lacking and therefore incorporation of TxA into routine trauma resuscitation guidelines appears premature. The Pre‐hospital Antifibrinolytics for Traumatic Coagulopathy and Haemorrhage (PATCH)‐Trauma study is a National Health and Medical Research Council‐funded randomised controlled trial of early administration of TxA in severely injured patients likely to have acute traumatic coagulopathy. The study population chosen has high mortality and morbidity and is potentially most likely to benefit from TxA's known mechanisms of action. This and further trials involving appropriate sample populations are required before evidence based guidelines on TxA use during trauma resuscitation can be developed.
Bottom‐up manipulations alter the community structures of galling insects and gall morphs on Neoboutonia macrocalyx trees in a moist tropical rainforest
Authors: Malinga Geoffrey M. , Valtonen Anu , Nyeko Philip , Roininen Heikki 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

The effects of bottom‐up forces on the community structure of tropical insect gallers and within species variation in gall morphotype assemblages are not well understood.
We tested the roles of increased nutritional quality and density of host plants with respect to structuring the galling insect communities and gall morphotype assemblages on Neoboutonia macrocalyx trees in Uganda.
Plant nutritional quality and resource concentration were manipulated with four levels of fertilization and the group size of trees, respectively. After applying these treatments in May 2011, gallers established naturally on experimental replicates. Five months later, we sampled gallers and recorded their numbers and the different morphotypes. We analyzed the effects of treatments on the structures of galler communities and gall morphotype assemblages.
We recorded 5237 individuals, representing four galler species. One species, Cecidomyiid leaf galler, was represented by three morphologically distinct galls. Fertilization, host tree density and their interactions significantly changed the structures of galler species communities and gall morphotype assemblages.
The results of the present study demonstrate the important role of bottom‐up factors in structuring galler communities and the gall morphotype assemblages. These changes are likely caused by differential responses of different galler species and gall morphs to plant quality or quantity changes.
Harmonic dissection versus electrocautery in breast surgery in regional Victoria
Authors: Kiyingi Andrew K. , Macdonald Leigh J. , Shugg Sarah A. , Bollard Ruth C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundHarmonic instruments are an alternative tool for surgical dissection. The aim of this study is to evaluate differences in clinical outcomes relating to harmonic dissection when compared with electrocautery in patients undergoing major breast surgery in a regional centre over a 3‐year period.MethodsRetrospective chart analysis was conducted of 52 patients undergoing major breast surgery for carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ by a single surgeon in a regional centre from May 2008 to January 2011. Analysis involved the extraction of qualitative data relating to patient demographics, surgery type and specimen histopathology. Quantitative data were extracted relating to duration of surgery, duration of patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) use, length of hospital admission, drainage output and presence of infection, haematoma or seroma.ResultsFifty‐two patients underwent major breast surgery; harmonic dissection n = 32 and electrocautery n = 20. The two groups were comparable. There was no significant difference identified relating the outcome measures. The median operative duration was shorter in the harmonic dissection group, however, was not of statistical significance. No significant difference was identified between groups relating to length of inpatient stay, duration of PCA use and total volume wound drainage and total days of drainage. Incidence of seroma and infection in the groups was not significantly different.ConclusionThe harmonic dissection is safe and effective in major breast surgery. The study did not demonstrate any clinical advantage from the use of harmonic dissection in major breast surgery compared with electrocautery, nor was there any difference in the complication rates measured.