bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fentanyl Utility Function
Authors: Boom Merel , Olofsen Erik , Neukirchen Meike , Fussen René , Hay Justin , Jan Groeneveld Geert , Aarts Leon , Sarton Elise , Dahan Albert 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Introduction:
Integrating opioid risk and benefit into a single function may give a useful single measure of the opioid’s positive and negative effects. An explorative study on the effects of fentanyl on antinociception and respiratory depression was performed to construct fentanyl risk–benefit (utility) functions.

Methods:
Twelve volunteers received a 3.5-μg/kg fentanyl intravenous injection on 2 separate study days. On one occasion, ventilation at a clamped increased carbon dioxide concentration was measured and on another the pain tolerance to electrical stimulation. In both sessions, arterial plasma samples were obtained. The data were analyzed with a population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model. A simulation study was performed, using the model parameter estimates and their variances, in which simulated subjects received 3.5 μg/kg of fentanyl. The resultant distributions were used to calculate the utility functions, defined as the probability of at least 50% analgesia (an increase in pain tolerance by ≥50%) minus the probability of at least 50% respiratory depression (a reduction in ventilation by ≥50%). Utility functions were constructed in concentration and time domains.

Results:
Fentanyl produced significant respiratory depression and analgesia. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models adequately described the data. The constructed utility functions were negative at effect-site concentrations of greater than 0.5 ng/ml in the first 90 min after the 3.5 μg/kg bolus infusion.

Conclusions:
Utility functions based on fentanyl’s experimental effects on respiration and pain relief were successfully constructed. These functions are useful in multiple effect comparisons among experimental drugs. Further studies are required to assess whether this risk–benefit analysis is valuable in clinical practice.
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Liver in Children
Authors: Nagarajan Sudhan , Jayabose Somasundaram , McBride Whitney , Prasadh Indu , Tanjavur Vijayakumar , Marvin Michael R. , Rodriguez‐Davalos Manuel I. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTInflammatory pseudotumors, now more aptly termed inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs), are uncommon benign neoplasms, which have been reported in most organs and tissues in the body. Originally described and commonly found in the lung, they are also found in the liver of children and adults. We review the literature and analyze the features of the hepatic IMTs reported in children, along with a case report of a 15‐month‐old boy who had a persistent IMT in the liver and underwent surgical resection for the same following a trial of conservative management.
The microstructure and mass transport during friction welding of ductile cast iron
Authors: Kaczorowski Mieczysław , Winiczenko Radosław 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe results of a study of friction welding of ductile cast iron using stainless steel interlayer are presented. Based on the microstructure evolution at the region close to the ductile cast iron‐stainless steel interface, the phenomena accompanying the process of joining were evaluated. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to take a closer look into metallurgical phenomena accompanying the friction welding of ductile cast iron.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, ductile cast iron and austenitic‐stainless steel are welded using the friction welding method. The tensile strength of the joints was determined using a conventional tensile test machine. Moreover, the hardness across the interface ductile cast iron‐stainless steel interface was measured on a metallographic specimen. The microstructure of the joints was examined using light metallography as well as electron microscopy. In this case, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied. Energy Dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDS) was carried out across the section of friction welded ductile iron‐stainless steel interface.FindingsOn the basis of careful analysis of experimental data it was concluded that the process of friction welding was accompanied with diffusion of Cr, Ni and C atoms across the ductile cast iron‐stainless steel interface. This leads to an increase of carbon concentration in stainless steel where chromium carbides were formed, the size and distribution of which was dependent on the distance from the interface.Originality/valueThe main value of this paper is to contribute to the literature on friction welding of ductile cast iron.
Tribological behavior of Si3N4 sliding against Dy−sialon ceramics under lubrication of phosphazene lubricants
Authors: Zhu Jiamei , Liu Weimin , Chu Ruizhi , Meng Xianliang 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the tribological properties of Si3N4 sliding against Dy−sialon ceramics lubricated by two novel phosphazenes bridged fluorophenoxycyclotriphosphazene (coded as L‐2P) and metal halide‐stabilized linear phosphazene derivatives (coded as LMZn‐3). The traditional phosphazene tetrakis (3‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)‐bis(4‐fluorophenoxy) – cyclotriphosphazene (X‐1P) was also tested as the reference.Design/methodology/approachThe lubricity characteristics of phosphazene derivatives were evaluated on an Optimol SRV oscillating friction and wear tester. The morphology of the worn sialon surface was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS).FindingsThe two novel phosphazenes are effective lubricants for Dy−sialon and show superior tribological properties to traditional phosphazene X‐1P and glycerol. Among all lubricants, linear phosphazene LMZn‐3 exhibits the lowest wear volume loss at 20°C or 100°C. Moreover, LMZn‐3 and L‐2P show much better antiwear ability than X‐1P under higher load than 60N. The decreased friction coefficient and wear volume of Dy−sialon ceramics under lubrication of the phosphazene lubricants are attributed to the tribochemical products mainly consisting of organic oxyfluoride or carbonfluoride species and silicon fluoride.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper deals with only limited compounds. The paper works on the subject progressively to explore more combinations for better tribological properties.Practical implicationsThe phosphazene derivatives present better tribological performance used as base oils and additives.Originality/valueThere are few data about other phosphazene with different structures, such as bridged cyclotriphosphazene and metal halide‐stabilized linear phosphazene, used as lubricants for ceramics materials.
Integrating management systems: does the location matter?
Authors: Simon Alexandra , Douglas Alex 
Published: June 2013

PurposeIn this article, the authors aim to start from the premise that management system standards (MSSs), such as ISO 9001 or ISO 14001, should not be considered individually, but in conjunction with other systems, because of the similarities and parallelisms among them and the potential benefits of adopting an integrated management system (IMS). This paper attempts to compare the usage of integrated management systems in two of the European countries with more tradition in the field of management systems standardization: England and Spain.Design/methodology/approachAs an exploratory study, the authors used a case study approach based on the results of a questionnaire administered to quality and environmental managers working in firms registered to at least both ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 standards in the two countries.FindingsThe results of this exploratory study reveal some differences regarding the integration practices between the English and the Spanish organizations, namely in the audit process and in the difficulties and benefits encountered during the implementation of the IMS.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this study is the sample size, as the results of six organizations are not representative of the whole population. However, as an exploratory study, the results that the authors find can be useful for the analysis of the geographical dimension of IMS.Originality/valueThe results of the study contribute to characterize a phenomenon that occurs in many countries, the integration of management systems. The article helps to understand whether and how the location of companies impacts on the integration of MSSs. This is, as far as the authors know, the first empirical paper that tackles this topic.
How prevention curricula are taught under real‐world conditions
Authors: Miller‐Day Michelle , Pettigrew Jonathan , Hecht Michael L. , Shin YoungJu , Graham John , Krieger Janice 
Published: June 2013

PurposeAs interventions are disseminated widely, issues of fidelity and adaptation become increasingly critical to understand. This study aims to describe the types of adaptations made by teachers delivering a school‐based substance use prevention curriculum and their reasons for adapting program content.Design/methodology/approachTo determine the degree to which implementers adhere to a prevention curriculum, naturally adapt the curriculum, and the reasons implementers give for making adaptations, the study examined lesson adaptations made by the 31 teachers who implemented the keepin’ it REAL drug prevention curriculum in 7th grade classrooms (n=25 schools). Data were collected from teacher self‐reports after each lesson and observer coding of videotaped lessons. From the total sample, 276 lesson videos were randomly selected for observational analysis.FindingsTeachers self‐reported adapting more than 68 percent of prevention lessons, while independent observers reported more than 97 percent of the observed lessons were adapted in some way. Types of adaptations included: altering the delivery of the lesson by revising the delivery timetable or delivery context; changing content of the lesson by removing, partially covering, revising, or adding content; and altering the designated format of the lesson (such as assigning small group activities to students as individual work). Reasons for adaptation included responding to constraints (time, institutional, personal, and technical), and responding to student needs (students’ abilities to process curriculum content, to enhance student engagement with material).Research limitations/implicationsThe study sample was limited to rural schools in the US mid‐Atlantic; however, the results suggest that if programs are to be effectively implemented, program developers need a better understanding of the types of adaptations and reasons implementers provide for adapting curricula.Practical implicationsThese descriptive data suggest that prevention curricula be developed in shorter teaching modules, developers reconsider the usefulness of homework, and implementer training and ongoing support might benefit from more attention to different implementation styles.Originality/valueWith nearly half of US public schools implementing some form of evidence‐based substance use prevention program, issues of implementation fidelity and adaptation have become paramount in the field of prevention. The findings from this study reveal the complexity of the types of adaptations teachers make naturally in the classroom to evidence‐based curricula and provide reasons for these adaptations. This information should prove useful for prevention researchers, program developers, and health educators alike.
Styles of adaptation
Authors: Hansen William B. , Pankratz Melinda M. , Dusenbury Linda , Giles Steven M. , Bishop Dana C. , Albritton Jordan , Albritton Lauren P. , Strack Joann 
Published: June 2013

PurposeTo be effective, evidence‐based programs should be delivered as prescribed. This suggests that adaptations that deviate from intervention goals may limit a program's effectiveness. This study aims to examine the impact that number and quality of adaptations have on substance use outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examined 306 video recordings of teachers delivering “All Stars”, a middle school drug prevention program. Multiple observers coded each recording, noting the number and type of adaptation each teacher made. Each adaptation was given a valence rating. Adaptations that were deleterious to program goals received negative valence ratings; positive ratings were given for adaptations that were likely to facilitate achievement of program goals; neutral ratings were given to adaptations that were expected to have neither a positive nor negative impact on program goals.FindingsAll teachers made adaptations. Teachers were consistent across time in the types of adaptations they made, suggesting each teacher has a personalized style of adapting. Those who made few adaptations, and whose average adaptation was rated as being positive had a higher percentage of students who remained non‐drug users. In contrast, teachers who made many adaptations, whether their average valence rating was positive, neutral or negative, failed to have as many students remain non‐drug users. Measures of fidelity, including quality of delivery and teacher understanding, were related to valence of adaptations, with better performance related to making positive adaptations.Practical implicationsThrough training and supervision, teachers should be guided and encouraged to follow programs directions, making few adaptations and ensuring that adaptations that are made advance the goals of intervention. Programs should define acceptable and unacceptable ways they may be adapted.Originality/valueThis study provides significant evidence about the challenges that face disseminated evidence‐based programs.
An approach for exploring the dynamical behaviour of inhomogeneous structural inclusions under consideration of epistemic uncertainty
Authors: Weber Wolfgang , Reuter Uwe , Zastrau Bernd W. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the wave scattering behaviour of an inhomogeneous and eccentric inclusion in a homogeneous matrix material. Another purpose is to evaluate the influence of epistemic uncertainty on the wave scattering behaviour, particularly on the lack of knowledge about this eccentricity. This task calls for a multidisciplinary model.Design/methodology/approachThe inclusion is modelled as a multi‐layered obstacle, with all layers being eccentric with respect to each other. The material behaviour of the embedding matrix is linear elastic and isotropic. In a multidisciplinary approach, the interaction of the inhomogeneous inclusion and the embedding matrix with respect to an incoming shear wave of arbitrary shape is solved analytically. The purely analytical solution process takes place in the frequency‐domain. Due to the lack of knowledge about the eccentric configuration of the matrix inclusion and its influence on the total wave field inside the matrix material, the mechanical model is coupled with fuzzy set theory for modelling this non‐stochastic uncertainty.FindingsAn analytical model for describing the wave scattering behaviour of an elastic matrix inclusion with eccentric set‐up is found and intimately connected with the framework of fuzzy set theory. Hence it is shown that the treatment of epistemic uncertainty with the derived analytical model is possible and fruitful. Additionally, it is shown that eccentric configurations lead to highly increased amplitudes with respect to the reference case of a concentric or even homogenous set‐up of the inclusion.Originality/valueThe value of this contribution is in the analytical model, which allows one to predict the wave scattering behaviour of eccentric configurations of multi‐layered fibres including the surrounding interphase, and its coupling with fuzzy set theory to cope with the epistemic uncertainty inherent in the geometric set‐up of the matrix inclusion.
Mechanical behaviour and damage evaluation by acoustic emission of composite materials
Authors: Ben Ammar I. , El Mahi A. , Karra C. , El Guerjouma R. , Haddar M. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe aim of the present study is to investigate the mechanical behaviour of cross‐ply laminates under static tensile and buckling loading. Different cross‐ply laminates constituting of carbon fibers (CFRP), hybrid fibers (HFRP) and glass ﬁbers (GFRP) in an epoxy matrix were considered. This work is also interested in identifying and characterizing the local damage in the composites with the use of acoustic emission method (AE).Design/methodology/approachThe cross‐ply laminates are differentiated by the stacking sequences, thickness of 90° oriented layers and reinforcement. They are subjected to the static tensile and buckling load. The damage investigation is reached by the analysis of acoustic emission signals collected from static buckling tests.FindingsThe results show the effects of reinforcement type, stacking sequences and thicknesses ratio of 90° and 0° layers on the stiffness, failure load and displacement. A cluster analysis of acoustic emission data is achieved and the results are correlated to the damage mechanism of specimens under buckling tests.Originality/valueThe analysis of acoustic emission signals collected from static buckling tests under loading levels of 40, 60 and 100 per cent of the static failure load allows the damage investigation in cross‐ply laminates.
A model for sustainable business excellence: implementation and the roadmap
Authors: Amir Bolboli Seyed , Reiche Markus 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a holistic model for reviewing business excellence (BE) concepts from a systemic perspective and to propose an implementation guideline intending to fill the gap between theory and practice of systems thinking in quality management.Design/methodology/approachThe research is an exploratory investigation into the business excellence implementation based on systems thinking. After an exhaustive review of literature about BE implementation frameworks, critical barriers and success factors, system‐based integration models and change management models, a methodology was developed which describes the process of designing and implementing a sustainable BE.FindingsThe outcome of this research is a roadmap of BE implementation for sustaining organizational excellence obtained from a meta‐model proposed in this study.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study are relevant to all different sized organizations, in different sectors and industries, for managing dynamic and complex processes in order to guarantee a sustainable BE.Originality/valueThe paper presents a unique roadmap for implementing BE in the light of systems thinking; such a roadmap has not been addressed in previous publications. When used properly, this roadmap can direct organizations toward sustainable excellence.
Entrepreneurship education and start‐up activity: a gender perspective
Authors: Johansen Vegard 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThis article seeks to evaluate whether entrepreneurship education (EE) in upper secondary schools promotes male and female start‐up activity. The Company programme (CP) reaches more than 200,000 European youths annually.Design/methodology/approachThe control‐group design is methodologically strong, and the empirical data are from Norway. Telephone interviews were conducted with 1,171 24‐25 year olds; 50 per cent of the respondents had been involved in CP in the period 2004‐2006, and 50 per cent had not. The analyses also control for other factors of relevance to start‐up activity.FindingsResults from econometric analyses indicate a positive correlation between participation in CP and start‐up activity. The analyses also indicate that CP has more impact on male start‐up activity as compared to women.Research limitations/implicationsA lot of other influences occur between the participation in CP and the start‐up activity. Although CP may be associated with more start‐ups, these are not necessarily start‐ups of a higher quality, survival rate or growth potential. The analysis also conceals variations in start‐up activity among CP‐participants with regard to time spent on CP, position in the CP, and obligatory vs voluntary participation.Practical implicationsTo promote start‐up activity among women more effectively, CP could be more focused on shaping confidence and increasing perceived competency among girls participating in the programme.Social implicationsOne solution for how to increase start‐up activity among young men and women could be to offer EE within upper secondary schools.Originality/valueThe study measures experience with start‐up activity 6‐8 years after EE‐participation in upper secondary school, it compares the impact of EE on male and female business start‐ups, and the control‐group design is advantageous compared to previous studies.
Lesson study and practical thinking: a case study in Spain
Authors: Peña Trapero Noemí 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to explore lesson and learning study as a form of ongoing teacher training which allows teachers the opportunity to reconstruct their practical thinking.Design/methodology/approachThis document begins with a theoretical introduction in which the author explains the nature and dimensions of practical thinking, its importance for the professional development of teachers, followed by the lesson studies themselves, outlining the case of a teacher involved in a research group based on this type of ongoing training.FindingsWith the subtle differences and changes proposed for the Spanish context, lesson studies can be a valuable tool in terms of encouraging reflection and the critical questioning of personal values, beliefs and assumptions about teaching, whilst also enabling the reconstruction of teachers’ practical knowledge, in particular their hidden beliefs, habits and emotions.Originality/valueThis article offers a new approach for lesson studies as a method of training which can improve practice through the reconstruction of the practical thinking of those involved.
Housing and planning regulation – England and Ireland
Authors: Baker Francine 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe paper will aim to examine the contemporary origins and development of the planning system and housing regulation in England and Ireland. One objective is to broadly explicate how the regulation of housing in England began, with reference to Ireland, and its relationship with the planning system. The other is to outline the swing in England from a hotchpotch decentralised system to a centralised, and back again sharply to decentralised approach to planning and the provision for housing, a swing unparalleled in Ireland.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is to consider the main influences on the regulation of planning and housing, with reference to historical, social and legal regulatory developments, and to broadly assess the role of centralised and decentralised systems.FindingsThe regulation of housing was an incidental product of the regulation of public health. The use of town and country planning principles could have assisted such regulation, but were unpopular until the development of a centralised system of planning in the 20th century. This has led to problems in Ireland for the delivery of local services. The change in England under the Localism Act to decentralized system is unlikely to achieve an effective use of local resources. It is unlikely that unwieldy new systems of decision‐making and funding arrangements will improve the provision of housing for low incomes and the poor. A balance between the use of both systems is required.Originality/valueThis paper assesses the impact of social, historical, administrative and legal changes that have impacted on the progress of the relationship between planning and housing regulation in England and Ireland over the last two centuries until the present day.