bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OsHAK4 functions in retrieving sodium from the phloem at the reproductive stage of rice
Authors: Che Jing , Yamaji Naoki , Wang Shao Fei , Xia Yue , Yang Shun Ying , Su Yan Hua , Shen Ren Fang , Ma Jian Feng 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARYSoil salinity significantly limits rice productivity, but it is poorly understood how excess sodium (Na+) is delivered to the grains at the reproductive stage. Here, we functionally characterized OsHAK4, a member of the clade IV HAK/KUP/KT transporter subfamily in rice. OsHAK4 was localized to the plasma membrane and exhibited influx transport activity for Na+, but not for K+. Analysis of organ‐ and growth stage‐dependent expression patterns showed that very low expression levels of OsHAK4 were detected at the vegetative growth stage, but its high expression in uppermost node I, peduncle, and rachis was found at the reproductive stage. Immunostaining indicated OsHAK4 localization in the phloem region of node I, peduncle, and rachis. Knockout of OsHAK4 did not affect the growth and Na+ accumulation at the vegetative stage. However, at the reproductive stage, the hak4 mutants accumulated higher Na+ in the peduncle, rachis, husk, and brown rice compared to the wild‐type rice. Element imaging revealed higher Na+ accumulation at the phloem region of the peduncle in the mutants. These results indicate that OsHAK4 plays a crucial role in retrieving Na+ from the phloem in the upper nodes, peduncle, and rachis, thereby preventing Na+ distribution to the grains at the reproductive stage of rice.
At the crossroads: strigolactones mediate changes in cytokinin synthesis and signalling in response to nitrogen limitation
Authors: Sigalas Petros P. , Bennett Tom , Buchner Peter , Thomas Stephen G. , Jamois Frank , Arkoun Mustapha , Yvin Jean‐Claude , Bennett Malcolm J. , Hawkesford Malcolm J. 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARYStrigolactones (SLs) are key regulators of shoot growth and responses to environmental stimuli. Numerous studies have indicated that nitrogen (N) limitation induces SL biosynthesis, suggesting that SLs may play a pivotal role in coordinating systemic responses to N availability, but this idea has not been clearly demonstrated. Here, we generated triple knockout mutants in the SL synthesis gene TaDWARF17 (TaD17) in bread wheat and investigated their phenotypic and transcriptional responses under N limitation, aiming to elucidate the role of SLs in the adaptation to N limitation. Tad17 mutants display typical SL mutant phenotypes, and fail to adapt their shoot growth appropriately to N. Despite exhibiting an increased tillering phenotype, Tad17 mutants continued to respond to N limitation by reducing tiller number, suggesting that SLs are not the sole regulators of tillering in response to N availability. RNA‐seq analysis of basal nodes revealed that the loss of D17 significantly altered the transcriptional response of N‐responsive genes, including changes in the expression profiles of key N response master regulators. Crucially, our findings suggest that SLs are required for the transcriptional downregulation of cytokinin (CK) synthesis and signalling in response to N limitation. Collectively, our results suggest that SLs are essential for the appropriate morphological and transcriptional adaptation to N limitation in wheat, and that the repressive effect of SLs on shoot growth is partly mediated by their repression of CK synthesis.
Regional inequalities in the age of nearshoring
Authors: Capello Roberta , Dellisanti Roberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile the literature is rich in anecdotal cases of firms going through nearshoring strategies, understood as the relocation of production inputs in a geographically closer area, a study on the macroeconomic effects of nearshoring at regional level, in terms of both growth and regional inequalities, is still missing. Instead, understanding the potential regional variations in the outcomes of nearshoring practices is crucial for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to strike a balance between the imperative of strategic autonomy and the need to address existing regional disparities. The paper picks up such a challenge and, once nearshoring has been defined at the macroeconomic level as a process according to which the EU relative to extra‐EU inputs ratio increases, compared with a reference period in the past, it analyses regional inequality effects of such a phenomenon in Europe. The results show that nearshoring turns out to be notably diverse and contingent upon the efficiency gains the target regions offer. In some cases, it produces potential adverse consequences, going against the already complex process of decreasing regional disparities.
Biological impact of manual blood exchange in malignant Bordetella pertussis infection in infants
Authors: Cousin Vladimir L. , Caula Caroline , Tissières Pierre 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesManual blood exchange (MBE) is a leukoreduction therapy for hyperleukocytosis in Bordetella spp. infection. We describe the impact of BE on clinical and biological parameters in critically ill children with malignant pertussis.Materials and MethodsThis is a monocentric retrospective review of patients with malignant pertussis infection treated with MBE. It describes the evolution of haemodynamic, ventilatory, haematologic and metabolic characteristics before and after MBE.ResultsBetween January 2006 and December 2021, nine patients (median age 43 days, range: 13–80 days) had 16 MBE for malignant pertussis. All patients were mechanically ventilated, and 7/9 patients developed pulmonary hypertension during their paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay. Overall, 3/9 patients survived, and the mean PICU length of stay was 8.5 days (range: 1–52 days). We found a significant reduction of the leukocyte count (pre‐MBE: 61.8 G/L [interquartile range (IQR): 55.8–74.8] vs. post‐MBE: 19.4 G/L [IQR: 17.7–24.1]; p ≤ 0.001) and significant oxygenation improvement (pre‐MBE SpO2/FiO2: 190 [IQR: 106–200] vs. post‐MBE SpO2/FiO2: 242 [IQR: 149–250]; p = 0.03). The main side effects were a significant reduction of thrombocytes (pre‐MBE: 411 G/L [IQR: 166.5–563.5] vs. post‐MBE: 66 G/L [IQR: 46–82.5]; p = <0.001) and of ionized calcium (iCa) (pre‐MBE iCa: 1.3 [IQR: 1.22–1.37] vs. post‐MBE iCa: 1.25 [IQR: 1.85–2.24]; p = 0.03).ConclusionMBE efficiently reduces leukocytes and improves oxygenation in severe Bordetella pertussis infection in infants. Careful monitoring of calcium and thrombocytes seems mandatory.
Arithmetic progressions and holomorphic phase retrieval
Authors: Liehr Lukas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe study the determination of a holomorphic function from its absolute value. Given a parameter , we derive the following characterization of uniqueness in terms of rigidity of a set : if is a vector space of entire functions containing all exponentials , then every is uniquely determined up to a unimodular phase factor by if and only if is not contained in an arithmetic progression . Leveraging this insight, we establish a series of consequences for Gabor phase retrieval and Pauli‐type uniqueness problems. For instance, is a uniqueness set for the Gabor phase retrieval problem in , provided that is a suitable perturbation of the integers.
Assessing the effect of concerns about contraceptive-induced fertility impairment on hormonal contraceptive use by parity and residence: evidence from PMA Ethiopia 2020 cross-sectional survey
Authors: Zimmerman Linnea A , Karp Celia , Shiferaw Solomon , Seme Assefa , Bell Suzanne O 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesThis study aims to describe patterns of beliefs about contraceptive-induced infertility and assess their relationship with current contraceptive use, including whether these relationships vary by parity and residence.DesignWe use data from Performance Monitoring for Action Ethiopia, a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of 7491 women, aged 15–49, to assess agreement with the statement ‘If I use family planning, I may have trouble getting pregnant next time I want to.’ We used multilevel hierarchical models to identify the association between agreement and use of a hormonal method of contraception among 3882 sexually active, fecund women who wish to prevent pregnancy. We include interaction terms for parity and residence.Results4 in 10 women disagreed (42.3%) and 2 in 10 strongly disagreed (20.7%) with the statement. Relative to women who strongly disagreed, women who disagreed and women who agreed had significantly lower odds of using a hormonal method of contraception (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.65, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.97 and 0.46, 95% CI 0.46, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.70). The effect of agreeing with the statement was strongest among high parity women (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.95). Greater agreement with the statement at the community-level use was associated with a reduction in the odds of using hormonal contraception but only among rural women.ConclusionsEfforts to address concerns around contraceptive-induced fertility impairment through the provision of comprehensive counselling and through community education or mass media campaigns are necessary, particularly among high-parity women and in rural communities. Interventions should acknowledge the possibility of delayed return to fertility for specific methods and attempt to address the root causes of concerns.
Prevalence and associated factors of suspected occupational skin diseases among restaurant workers in peninsular Malaysia: secondary data analysis of Registry for Occupational Disease Screening (RODS)
Authors: Ahmad Fuad Mohd Hazim , Samsudin Ely Zarina , Yasin Siti Munira , Ismail Nurhuda , Mohamad Mariam , Muzaini Kamarulzaman , Anuar Mohd Ridzuan , Govindasamy Kesavan , Ismail Ismassabah , Elias Anza , Taib Khairul Mizan , Mohamed Anis Syamimi , Azhari Noor Ahmad Faiz , Abdullah Hair Ahmad Fitri 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesOccupational skin diseases (OSDs) pose significant risks to the health and well-being of restaurant workers. However, there is presently limited evidence on the burden and determinants of OSDs among this occupational group. This research aims to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of suspected OSDs among restaurant workers in Peninsular Malaysia.DesignA secondary data analysis of the 2023 Registry of Occupational Disease Screening (RODS) was performed. The RODS survey tool, which included the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire, a symptoms checklist and items on work-relatedness, was used to screen for OSDs. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors.Setting and participantsRestaurant workers (n=300) registered in RODS from February 2023 to April 2023, aged 18 years and above and working in restaurants across Selangor, Melaka and Pahang for more than 1 year, were included in the study, whereas workers who had pre-existing skin diseases were excluded.ResultsThe prevalence of suspected OSDs among study participants was 12.3%. Higher odds of suspected OSDs among study participants were observed among those exposed to wet work (adjusted OR (AOR) 22.74, 95% CI 9.63 to 53.68) and moderate to high job stress levels (AOR 4.33, 95% CI 1.80 to 10.43).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that OSDs are a significant occupational health problem among restaurant workers. Interventions targeting job content and wet work may be vital in reducing OSDs among this group of workers.
Effects of a carbohydrate-reduced high-protein diet delivered with meal kits to Danish people with type 2 diabetes: protocol for a 12-month randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kopp Luise H P , Søgaard-Hansen Christina M , Zachhau Karen M , Bastkjær Rasmus M , Andersen Barbara V , Budtz-Jørgensen Esben , Byrne Derek V , Chaaban Nora , Holst Jens J , Klindt Trine B , Magkos Faidon , Ozenne Brice , Samkani Amirsalar , Skytte Mads J , Madsbad Sten , Krarup Thure , Thomsen Mads N 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
The cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is lifestyle modification including a healthy diet, typically one in which carbohydrate provides 45%–60% of total energy intake (E%). Nevertheless, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of trials with low carbohydrate diets (which are increased in protein and/or fat) for T2D have found improved glycaemic control in the first months relative to comparator diets with higher carbohydrate content. Studies lasting ≥1 year are inconclusive, which could be due to decreased long-term dietary adherence. We hypothesise that glucometabolic benefits can be achieved following 12 months of carbohydrate-restricted dieting, by maximising dietary adherence through delivery of meal kits, containing fresh, high-quality ingredients for breakfast, dinner and snacks, combined with nutrition education and counselling.

Methods and analysis

This protocol describes a 12-month investigator-initiated randomised controlled, open-label, superiority trial with two parallel groups that will examine the effect of a carbohydrate-reduced high-protein (CRHP) diet compared with a conventional diabetes (CD) diet on glucometabolic control (change in glycated haemoglobin being the primary outcome) in 100 individuals with T2D and body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m
2
. Participants will be randomised 1:1 to receive either the CRHP or the CD diet (comprised 30/50 E% from carbohydrate, 30/17 E% from protein and 40/33 E% from fat, respectively) for 12 months delivered as meal kits, containing foods covering more than two-thirds of the participants’ estimated daily energy requirements for weight maintenance. Adherence to the allocated diets will be reinforced by monthly sessions of nutrition education and counselling from registered clinical dietitians.

Ethics and dissemination
The trial has been approved by the National Committee on Health Research Ethics of the Capital Region of Denmark. The trial will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Results will be submitted for publication in international peer-reviewed scientific journals.

Trial registration number

NCT05330247
.

Protocol version
The trial protocol was approved on 9 March 2022 (study number: H-21057605). The latest version of the protocol, described in this manuscript, was approved on 23 June 2023.
Age-related differences in diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volume and reversal in patients with successful recanalization after mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Takaishi Satoshi , Ueda Toshihiro , Usuki Noriko , Tatsuno Kentaro , Yoshie Tomohide , Yamano Yoshihisa 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundWith the advancement of mechanical thrombectomy (MT), post-treatment diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesion reversal (DWIR) has been reported. This study aimed to compare the volumes of DWI lesions and the frequencies of DWIR between younger and elderly patients who underwent successful recanalization with MT.MethodsThe study retrospectively analyzed 177 consecutive patients who underwent successful recanalization with MT for anterior large vessel occlusion (LVO) at our hospital between April 2011 and September 2022. Patients were categorized into two age groups: <70 years and ≥70 years. MRI was performed before treatment and 24 hours after treatment. The DWI lesion volumes and DWIR frequencies were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 78 years and 19.8% were in the <70 years group. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of occluded vessel sites and recanalization time. The baseline DWI lesion was significantly larger in the <70 years group (16.0 mL vs 4.0 mL, P<0.001). The frequency of DWIR did not significantly differ between the groups (65.7% vs 55.6%). DWI lesion volume significantly decreased after treatment in the <70 years group but showed no significant change in the ≥70 years group.ConclusionsIn patients who underwent successful recanalization after MT for anterior LVO, baseline DWI lesions were significantly larger in younger patients compared with elderly patients. Although more than half of the patients in both age groups experienced DWIR, a significant reduction in DWI lesion volume was only observed in younger patients.
Prompt neutron emission calculations for the photon induced reactions of 238U and 232Th in the giant dipole resonance energy region
Authors: Tudora Anabella , Filipescu Dan Mihai , Gheorghe Ioana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrompt emission calculations for the photon induced fission of 238U and 232Th in the GDR energy region were performed by using (a) a systematic of input parameters for the most probable fragmentation approach (obtained on the basis of only spontaneous and neutron induced fission of actinides) and (b) photo-fission cross section ratios (expressing the fission probabilities at incident energies where multiple fission chances are involved) provided by nuclear reaction calculations performed with the EMPIRE code. The prompt neutron emission results describe well the experimental data recently measured at the laser Compton-scattering γ-ray source of the NewSUBARU facility, validating the use of this input parameter systematic for photon induced fission, too. The modelings and procedures described in this paper can constitute an useful tool for the prediction of prompt neutron emission data in photon induced reactions without any experimental information.
Electroweak strings in the standard model
Authors: Zou Liping , Zhang Pengming , Cho Y. M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe argue that the existence of the electroweak monopole predicts the existence of the electroweak string in the standard model made of monopole–antimonopole pair separated infinitely apart, which carry the quantized magnetic flux $$4 \pi n/e$$

4
π
n
/
e

. We show how to construct such quantized magnetic flux string solution. Our result strongly indicates that genuine fundamental electromagnetic string could exist in nature which could actually be detected. We discuss the physical implications of our result in cosmology.
Spectral phase pulse shaping reduces ground state depletion in high-order harmonic generation
Authors: Aygun J. , Buitrago C. G. , Ciappina M. F. , Harris A. L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh-order harmonic generation (HHG) has become an indispensable process for generating attosecond pulse trains and single attosecond pulses used in the observation of nuclear and electronic motion. As such, improved control of the HHG process is desirable, and one such possibility for this control is through the use of structured laser pulses. We present numerical results from solving the one-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation for HHG from hydrogen using Airy and Gaussian pulses that differ only in their spectral phase. Airy pulses have identical power spectra to Gaussian pulses, but different spectral phases and temporal envelopes. We show that the use of Airy pulses results in less ground state depletion compared to the Gaussian pulse, while maintaining harmonic yield and cutoff. Our results demonstrate that Airy pulses with higher intensity can produce similar HHG spectra to lower intensity Gaussian pulses without depleting the ground state. The different temporal envelopes of the Gaussian and Airy pulses lead to changes in the dynamics of the HHG process, altering the time-dependence of the ground state population and the emission times of the high harmonics.
Graphical abstract
Causality and quasi-normal modes in the GREFT
Authors: Melville Scott 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe General Relativity Effective Field Theory (GREFT) introduces higher-derivative interactions to parameterise the gravitational effects of massive degrees of freedom which are too heavy to be probed directly. The coefficients of these interactions have recently been constrained using causality: both from the analytic structure of 4-point graviton scattering and the time delay of gravitational waves on a black hole background. In this work, causality is used to constrain the quasi-normal mode spectrum of GREFT black holes. Demanding that quasi-normal mode perturbations decay faster in the GREFT than in General Relativity—a new kind of causality condition which stems from the analytic structure of 2-point functions on a black hole background—leads to further constraints on the GREFT coefficients. The causality constraints and compact expressions for the GREFT quasi-normal mode frequencies presented here will inform future parameterised gravitational waveforms, and the observational prospects for gravitational wave observatories are briefly discussed.
Action Planning Renders Objects in Working Memory More Attentionally Salient
Authors: Trentin Caterina , Olivers Chris , Slagter Heleen A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A rapidly growing body of work suggests that visual working memory (VWM) is fundamentally action oriented. Consistent with this, we recently showed that attention is more strongly biased by VWM representations of objects when we plan to act on those objects in the future. Using EEG and eye tracking, here, we investigated neurophysiological correlates of the interactions between VWM and action. Participants (n = 36) memorized a shape for a subsequent VWM test. At test, a probe was presented along with a secondary object. In the action condition, participants gripped the actual probe if it matched the memorized shape, whereas in the control condition, they gripped the secondary object. Crucially, during the VWM delay, participants engaged in a visual selection task, in which they located a target as fast as possible. The memorized shape could either encircle the target (congruent trials) or a distractor (incongruent trials). Replicating previous findings, we found that eye gaze was biased toward the VWM-matching shape and, importantly, more so when the shape was directly associated with an action plan. Moreover, the ERP results revealed that during the selection task, future action-relevant VWM-matching shapes elicited (1) a stronger Ppc (posterior positivity contralateral), signaling greater attentional saliency; (2) an earlier PD (distractor positivity) component, suggesting faster suppression; (3) a larger inverse (i.e., positive) sustained posterior contralateral negativity in incongruent trials, consistent with stronger suppression of action-associated distractors; and (4) an enhanced response-locked positivity over left motor regions, possibly indicating enhanced inhibition of the response associated with the memorized item during the interim task. Overall, these results suggest that action planning renders objects in VWM more attentionally salient, supporting the notion of selection-for-action in working memory.
Working Memory Guides Action Valuation in Model-based Decision-making Strategy
Authors: Zuo Zhaoyu , Yang Li-Zhuang , Wang Hongzhi , Li Hai 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Humans use both model-free (or habitual) and model-based (or goal-directed) strategies in sequential decision-making. Working memory (WM) is essential for the model-based strategy; however, its exact role in these processes remains elusive. This study investigates the influence of WM processes on decision-making and the underlying cognitive computing mechanisms. Specifically, we used experimental data from two-stage decision tasks and found that delay and load, two WM-specific variables, impact goal-revisiting behaviors. Then, we proposed possible computational mechanisms by which WM participates in information processing and integrated them into the model-based system. The proposed Hybrid-WM model reproduced the observed experimental effects and fit human behavior better than the classic hybrid reinforcement learning model. These results were verified with independent data sets. Furthermore, differences in model parameters explain the age-related difference in sequential decision-making. Overall, this study suggests that WM guides action valuation in model-based strategies, highlighting the contribution of higher cognitive functions to sequential decision-making.