bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Substrate Age and Adhesive Composition on Dentin Bonding
Authors: Perdigão J , Sezinando Ana , Monteiro Paulo C 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARY

Purpose
To study the effect of dentin age and adhesive composition on the microtensile dentin bond strengths (μTBS) of five dentin adhesives.

Materials and Methods
Sixty extracted caries-free human teeth were assigned to the appropriate age group: less than 21 years of age (&lt;21), 21–40 years of age (21–40), and greater than 40 years of age (&gt;40). For each age group, specimens were randomly divided into five dentin adhesives: (1) Adper Easy Bond (EB, 3M ESPE), a one-step self-etch adhesive; (2) Experimental Adper Easy Bond without the Vitrebond Co-polymer (CP) (EBnoCP, 3M ESPE); (3) Adper Single Bond Plus (SB, 3M ESPE), a two-step etch&rinse adhesive; (4) Experimental Adper Single Bond Plus without CP (SBnoCP, 3M ESPE); and (5) Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (MP, 3M ESPE), a three-step etch&rinse adhesive, as the control group. Specimens were sectioned in X and Y directions and the resulting beams were tested to failure in tension mode at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Statistical analysis was computed using t-test and two-way analysis of variance followed by Fisher least significant difference multiple comparison post hoc test at p &lt; 0.05.

Results
The highest mean μTBS values were obtained in the control group (MP) for all age groups. EB resulted in statistically similar mean μTBS compared to EBnoCP for all age groups: p = 0.538 for (&lt;21); p = 0.974 for (21–40); and p = 0.909 for (&gt;40). SB resulted in statistically higher mean μTBS than SBnoCP for all age groups [p&lt;0.009 for (&lt;21); p&lt;0.028 for (21–40); and p&lt;0.041 for (&gt;40)]. MP, the control group, resulted in statistically lower mean μTBS when applied to the oldest age group (&gt;40) compared to the youngest age group (&lt;21), at p &lt; 0.04. When means were pooled for the variable ‘age group,' SB resulted in significantly higher mean μTBS than SBnoCP at p &lt; 0.009, while EB resulted in statistically similar mean μTBS compared to EBnoCP (p=0.9). MP resulted in statistically higher mean μTBS than all other adhesives—SB (p&lt;0.0001), SBnoCP (p&lt;0.0001), EBnoCP (p&lt;0.022), and EB (p&lt;0.046).

Conclusions
The substrate age influenced the bonding ability of the three-step etch&rinse adhesive. The presence of a carboxylic-based polymer (CP) enhanced the bonding ability of the two-step etch&rinse adhesive.
INSIDE PROPERTY
Authors: Dagan Hanoch 
Published: December 2012

Taking seriously the complexity and heterogeneity of property law, this article claims that a proper conception of property must account for both governance and inclusion. Neglecting governance obscures the significance of the internal life of property, which is often structured by sophisticated mechanisms aiming to facilitate various forms of interpersonal relationships in ways that no contractual arrangement can. Ignoring inclusion improperly marginalizes non-owners’ rights to entry in categories of cases where inclusion is an indispensable feature of the property institution under examination. Looking inside property in these two senses requires abandoning the conception of property as an exclusive right and substituting for it a pluralist conception. Property should be understood as an umbrella for a limited and standardized set of institutions, which serve as important default frameworks of interpersonal interaction regarding various types of resources. At its best, the plurality of property configurations – the different contents of owners’ rights in these different property institutions – enables property law to vindicate differing balances among the different values that property can serve, according to the type of social relationship and the nature of the resource at stake. The pluralist conception of property, therefore, not only fits property law better; it is also the only understanding of property suitably attending to and facilitating the individuality enhancing role of multiplicity, which is indispensable for meaningful autonomy.
Modelling the coupling of flood discharge with glacier flow during jökulhlaups
Authors: Kingslake Jonathan , Ng Felix 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe explore a mathematical model that couples together a thermomechanically evolving subglacial channel, distributed cavity drainage, and basal sliding along a subglacial flood path fed by a jökulhlaup lake. It allows water transfer between channel and cavities and a migrating subglacial water divide or ‘seal’ to form between floods. Notably, it accounts for full coupling between the lake and subglacial drainage in terms of both discharge and pressure, unlike models that neglect the pressure coupling by imposing a known history of lake discharge at the channel inlet. This means that flood hydrographic evolution and its impact on glacier motion are consistently determined by our model. Numerical simulations for a model alpine lake yield stable limit cycles simulating repeating jökulhlaups, with the channel drawing water from the cavities at a varying rate that modulates basal sliding during each flood. A wave of fast sliding propagates down-glacier at flood initiation, followed by deceleration as the growing channel sucks water from the cavities. These behaviours cannot be correctly simulated without the full coupling. We show that the flood’s peak discharge, its initiation threshold and the magnitude of the ‘fast sliding’ wave decrease with the background water supply to the cavities.
Proximate Composition and Mineral Content of Selected Edible Mushroom Varieties of Bangladesh
Authors: Zahid Md Khurshidul , Barua Sagarmay , Haque SM Imamul 
Published: December 2012

Proximate composition and mineral content of five species of edible mushrooms namely Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Pleurotus florida and Pleurotus HK- 51 belonging to the family: Pleurotaceae and genus: Pleurotus and Calocybe indica belonging to the family: Tricholomataceae and Genus: Calocybe have been analyzed.Crude protein, total lipids, available carbohydrates, dietary fiber and total carbohydrates content in mushrooms were found to be in the ranges of 3.22-4.83, 0.41-1.05, 4.2-6.37, 0.58-1.11 and 4.82-7.48 g per 100g of fresh edible portion(EP) respectively. Moisture, total solids and ash content were found to be in the ranges of 85.95-90.07, 9.93-14.05 and 0.98-2.3 g/100g of fresh EP respectively. Where as total calorie values in mushrooms were found to be in the ranges of 35.51 - 50.03 Kcal / 100g fresh EP. The values of Zinc, copper, iron, sodium and potassium content in mushrooms were found to be in the ranges of 0.65-1.24, 0.14-0.91, 0.94- 1.81, 3.18-37.23 and 19.83-197.24 mg/100g of fresh EP respectively while calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and manganese content were in the ranges of 0.12-0.58, 27.26-51.21, 22.2-62.1 and 0.17-0.53 mg/100g of fresh EP respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjnut.v22i0.12832 Bangladesh Journal of Nutrition Vol.22-23 2009-2010 pp.61-68
Penser la violence adolescente dans le cadre scolaire
Authors: Lauru Didier 
Published: December 2012

Résumé La violence, comme l’agressivité, fait partie de la constitution du sujet. À l’adolescence, avec la reviviscence du sexuel, le sujet en construction apprend à contenir et à canaliser son agressivité, en lien avec la violence du sexuel. La clinique montre que la violence se déchaîne quand la parole fait défaut, mais se déclenche parfois dans la réalité, souvent sur le lieu de vie quotidien : le collège ou le lycée. Comment penser, voire comprendre, cette violence ? Surtout, comment y répondre ? C’est l’enjeu du malaise actuel des adolescents dans la civilisation.
Bleeding Disorders in Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Mansour John , Graf Kenneth , Lafferty Paul 
Published: December 2012

Educational ObjectivesAs a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:1.Possess a basic understanding of commonly encountered disorders of primary and secondary hemostasis.2.Identify the clinical presentation of patients with bleeding disorders.3.Understand the importance of the diagnoses, treatments, and potential complications associated with commonly encountered bleeding disorders in orthopedic surgery.4.Understand the preoperative management of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapeutic agents.With increasing recognition of the complications related to coagulopathies, it is of paramount importance for all orthopedic surgeons to possess a basic knowledge of common bleeding disorders. The evaluation of the coagulopathic patient requires a careful history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation. Bleeding disorders commonly include quantitative and qualitative platelet and coagulation factor disorders and coagulation inhibitors. The management of these coagulopathies that can be encountered in elective and nonelective practice is often ignored. With appropriate knowledge and a multidisciplinary approach with hematologists and cardiologists, surgeons can perform minor and major orthopedic procedures safely and effectively.
Intermittent Pneumatic Compression for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Morris John K. , Fincham Bryce M. 
Published: December 2012

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of bilateral intra- and postoperative intermittent pneumatic compression without major anticoagulation as prophylaxis for VTE in TKA.
This retrospective study involved 157 consecutive patients undergoing TKA performed by 1 surgeon who were treated with bilateral intra- and postoperative intermittent pneumatic compression stockings. All patients were followed for at least 6 weeks postoperatively. Postoperative color duplex ultrasound imaging with compression by certified vascular technologists was obtained for 120 patients 2 to 3 days postoperatively. During hospitalization, 2 (1.7%) patients had acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) diagnosed, 2 (1.7%) had DVT of indeterminate age, and 4 (3.3%) had chronic DVT. During follow-up, 1 (0.8%) patient had an acute DVT diagnosed at 5 weeks postoperatively and 1 (0.8%) had a superficial phlebitis and subsequently had a nonfatal pulmonary embolism 23 days postoperatively. The predominant chemoprophylaxis used was aspirin alone in 107 (89.2%) patients. Epidural anesthesia was used in the majority (n=96; 80%) of patients.
The results of this study support the use of a multimodal approach to VTE prophylaxis in TKA, using bilateral intra- and postoperative intermittent pneumatic compression, epidural anesthesia, early mobilization, and postoperative aspirin without the use of major anticoagulation as an effective, safe VTE prophylactic protocol for patients undergoing elective TKA. The study suggests that the protocol is highly effective, has low morbidity, and is cost effective.
Low Back Pain and Sciatica Prevalence and Intensity Reported in a Mediterranean Country: Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis
Authors: Korovessis Panagiotis , Repantis Thomas , Zacharatos Spyros , Baikousis Andreas 
Published: December 2012

The objective of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to estimate the 6-month prevalence and severity of low back pain and sciatica in a representative sample of an adult Mediterranean population. The study group comprised a sample of 674 adults aged 20 years or older from a mainly (74.8%) urban population. Information regarding low back pain and sciatica prevalence and severity and its related aspects, as well as socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, was collected by personal interviews with a validated questionnaire. The association between the intensity of low back pain and sciatica with several sociodemographic parameters was tested using ordered univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
A total of 266 (39.5%) patients reported low back pain and 166 (24.6%) reported sciatica during the previous 6-month period. A woman living in a Mediterranean country reported low back pain of increased severity if she was a married housewife aged older than 65 years who was a smoker and suffered from depression. More severe sciatic pain was reported by working married women older than 65 years who were smokers.
Fusion After Interspinous Device Placement
Authors: Tian Nai-Feng , Zhang Xiao-Lei , Wu Yao-Sen , Jiang Li-Bo , Xu Hua-Zi , Chi Yong-Long 
Published: December 2012

Lumbar interspinous devices are intended to unload the facet joints, restore foraminal height, lower intradisk pressure, and provide motion-preserving stabilization. They are an alternative treatment for patients with spinal degeneration and have increased in popularity in recent years. To the authors’ knowledge, heterotopic ossification has not been previously reported around an interspinous device, and this is the first reported case of interspinous fusion after interspinous device placement.
A 66-year-old man presented with a 3-year history of low back pain and a 4-month history of radiating pain down his left leg. A diagnosis was made of lumbar spinal stenosis and left disk herniation at L4–L5 after physical and imaging examinations. A dynamic interspinous device was implanted after the decompressive surgery. The patient’s symptoms were relieved postoperatively. Thirty-two months later, he returned with back pain after being in a traffic accident. Lumbar radiographs showed a massive bony formation around the implant. Radiographs and a computed tomography scan 4.5 years later revealed that the implanted device segments were fused. No implant motion was seen on dynamic radiographs. Because the patient was symptom free, no interventions were performed.
Heterotopic bone formation around a dynamic interspinous device may hamper motion preservation, and heterotopic ossification is a potential mid- and long-term complication.
The Heritage of Medieval Errors in the Latin Manuscripts of Johannes Hispalensis (John of Seville)
Authors: Robinson Maureen 
Published: December 2012

Después de la Reconquista, se tuvieron que traducir al latín muchos textos árabes en la España del siglo XII. La mayoría de los copistas necesitaban colaboradores para concluir el proceso, sin embargo, Johannes Hispalensis (Juan de Sevilla) conocía tanto la lengua árabe como el latín, por lo que podía trabajar solo. La duplicación de textos latinos se popularizó y divulgó rápidamente. Durante los siglos siguientes, los copistas medievales hicieron múltiples copias, y durante el proceso de reproducción cometieron muchos errores que contribuyeron a la confusión entre la versión correcta del nombre del traductor y su identidad. Por consiguiente, Hispalensis apareció en copias posteriores de su trabajo con varios títulos añadidos, tales como “maestro” u “obispo”, o unido a un colaborador. Los historiadores modernos aumentaron las complejidades creando un solo personaje de dos traductores distintos. En ocasiones, la propiedad de algunos de los manuscritos estaba basada únicamente en los nombres que aparecían en sus folios. Se hace aquí una tentativa de aclarar cuales son las traducciones de Johannes Hispalensis, trabajando solo, y aquéllas en que colaboró con otros.
Utopic Pedagogies: Alternatives to Degenerate Architecture
Authors: Coleman Nathaniel 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Although Utopia makes reasonably frequent appearances within humanities and social science teaching, it remains at the far periphery of architecture education. Thus, any essay proposing the relevance of utopic pedagogies for architecture education, and its subsequent professional practice, must come to terms with the strange absence of Utopia from the heart of the curriculum (and from the concerns of most architecture students, educators, and practitioners). With the pervasive omission of Utopia in mind, in this article I will first offer an overview of how and why Utopia has become anathema for architecture education (no doubt associated with the failures of orthodox modern architecture during the post–World War II years and the explanation of this failure as down to Utopia), followed by counterexamples drawn from my own teaching, in which Utopia is as much the subject as the object of architecture and urban design education, in equal measure for history, theory, and design. If the postmodern conviction in architecture is that Utopia equals totalitarianism and defeat, my argument is that without Utopia, architecture and urban design have no vocation other than to adorn capital and its processes (which of course explains its disappearance: Neoliberalism confirms Utopia's irrelevance, or does it?).
Fear and the Spiritual Realism of Octavia Butler's Earthseed
Authors: Jos Philip H. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A crumbling social order where violence and cruelty spring from fear is the predominant dystopian condition. The emergence of intolerant religious movements in response, movements that promise deliverance but bring new forms of authoritarian rule, is also a staple of the dystopian novel. What is rare is to imagine an alternative religious response to fear and alienation. This is perhaps the most important achievement of Octavia Butler's Parable series and one that is often overlooked. Butler's Earthseed is neither a comforting palliative for pain and uncertainty nor a political tool to manufacture workable consensus. Rather, it is a coherent, nondogmatic belief system that reflects many of the essential assumptions and tenets of alternative understandings of Christianity as outlined by writers and theologians such as Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Marcus Borg, Elaine Pagels, and Parker Palmer.
Nouvelle normativité sociale et déficience intellectuelle : l’impasse pénale
Authors: Ouellet Guillaume , Morin Daphné , Mercier Céline , Crocker Anne 
Published: December 2012

Le mouvement de désinstitutionalisation des personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle (DI) s’est accompagné d’un discours politique prônant leur intégration sociale dans une société juste et inclusive. Toutefois, comme en témoigne la présence de ces personnes dans le système pénal, la participation à la vie en communauté ne va pas de soi. Qu’advient-il alors de l’idéal de justice et d’intégration des personnes vivant avec un handicap mental ? Le système pénal peut-il servir de levier d’adaptation et assurer la réinsertion sociale d’individus au double statut de « citoyen à part entière » et de « personne vulnérable » ? En s’appuyant sur des résultats de recherche d’un projet réalisé en milieu carcéral québécois, l’article propose une réflexion théorique autour de l’intervention pénale auprès des personnes ayant une DI.
« Une vie qui est ailleurs. » Une sociologie des troubles mentaux à travers le parcours d’un adolescent d’origine chinoise à Paris
Authors: Wang Simeng 
Published: December 2012

Partant d’un travail de terrain mené au sujet des problématiques de santé mentale parmi les migrants chinois à Paris, l’article se focalise sur la trajectoire de Laurent, dix-sept ans, fils de migrants chinois, diagnostiqué comme « autiste » depuis son enfance et pris en charge par de multiples acteurs institutionnels. L’auteure analyse différentes scènes sociales sur lesquelles l’adolescent se positionne (le niveau familial et institutionnel) afin de comprendre l’évolution des troubles de l’enquêté, les transformations des soins qu’il reçoit, et de mettre en exergue les enjeux spécifiques liés à son statut d’adolescent de la « deuxième génération ».
Marathon, battle of
Authors: Krentz Peter 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn 490bcethe Athenians and the Plataians defeated the Persians at Marathon, a plain on the northeast coast of Attica. The Persian expedition had six hundred triremes, cavalry, and eighteen to twenty‐four thousand infantry archers. Under the command of Datis the Mede, the Persians took Naxos, the other Cyclades Islands, and Eretria. The Athenians sent perhaps fifteen or sixteen thousand men to meet them at Marathon. No more than one thousand Plataians arrived to help; a religious festival delayed the spartans.
Nearchos
Authors: Baynham Elizabeth 
Published: December 2012

AbstractNearchos, son of Androtimos of Crete (Arr.Anab. 3.6.5;Ind. 18.4.10;SIG3266.1–2), Alexander III, The Great's admiral and boyhood friend, was also one of the important eyewitness historians of Alexander's campaigns, and his work (not extant), tentatively titled in modern times, by Jacoby (FGrH133 F 1),Paraplous (Circumnavigation) of India, was used extensively by Arrian, especially in hisIndica, and by Strabo.
Perinthos
Authors: Sayar Mustafa Hamdi 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Colonists from the island of Samos founded Perinthos (modern Marmara Ereğlisi) in 602 Bce. Around 570/60 the people of Perinthos engaged in war with the Megarians, who had built the cities of Byzantium and Selymbria to the east of Perinthos; they were fighting for their commercial interests. Paionians coming from the region of the Strymon River captured Perinthos during the sixth century. In 511 the Persian King Darius I, during his futile campaign against the Scythians, succeeded in seizing the city, although not without suffering heavy casualties during a long siege led by his general Megabazos.
Phokion
Authors: Bearzot Cinzia 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Phokion (402/1–318
bce
) was an Athenian general and politician, son of Phokos, possibly of the deme of Potamioi. He was
bouleutes
(member of the Council) in 336/35. A disciple of Plato'S Academy , he was on friendly terms with Chabrias and Xenocrates. The main sources on him are Diodorus Of Sicily, Books 16–18; Cornelius Nepos,
Phocion
(no. 19 in his
Lives of eminent commanders
); and Plutarch'S
Life of Phocion
.
Themistokles
Authors: Bolmarcich Sarah 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Themistokles (ca. 524/3–ca. 460/59
BCE
) was the most important political figure at Athens during the Persian wars. The sources for Themistokles’ life include his near‐contemporary Herodotus and Thucydides, as well as Plutarch's
Life
of him, written six centuries later. Herodotus and Thucydides are laudatory, especially praising Themistokles’ native intelligence and wisdom; Plutarch, on the other hand, criticizes him as power‐hungry and ruthless.
Timoleon
Authors: Vido Stefania De 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Timoleon, son of Timainetos (Diod. Sic. 16.65.2, 90.1; cf. Plut.
Tim
. 3.2; 39.5), a Corinthian aristocrat, was a protagonist on the Sicilian and Syracusan scene in the second half of the fourth century
BCE
.
Apollodoros, son of Pasion
Authors: Shipton Kirsty M. W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractApollodoros (ca. 394‐post‐late 340sbce) was the elder son of the banker Pasion and author of six speeches preserved in the Demosthenic corpus. They give a vivid picture of a wealthy first‐generation Athenian citizen anxious to distance himself from his servile origins by gaining prominence in public life.
Economic theory
Authors: Conison Alex 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEconomic theory describes a set of models developed by economists in order to understand people's decision‐making processes. Fundamentally, economic theory is devoted to analyzing how people allocate their scarce resources to maximize their utility. This contrasts with anthropological and sociological models of human behavior, which generally ask why certain resources are valued more than others. A familiarity with economic thought is a useful tool for historians.
Glass, Greece and Rome
Authors: Lauwers Veerle 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

On typo‐chronological grounds glass can roughly be divided into several groups. First, small receptacles for precious liquids were made in core‐formed glass in Mesopotamia, Egypt and later, in other places in the Mediterranean (Syro‐Palestine, Cyprus, Italy, Greece), from the second half of the second millennium
BCE
onwards into the early imperial period, with the most considerable output dating to between the mid‐sixth century and the early to mid‐first century
BCE
.