bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity‐related hypertension: Pathogenesis, cardiovascular risk, and treatment—A position paper of the The Obesity Society and the American Society of Hypertension
Authors: Landsberg Lewis , Aronne Louis J. , Beilin Lawrence J. , Burke Valerie , Igel Leon I. , Lloyd‐Jones Donald , Sowers James 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn light of the worldwide epidemic of obesity, and in recognition of hypertension as a major factor in the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with obesity, The Obesity Society and The American Society of Hypertension agreed to jointly sponsor a position paper on obesity‐related hypertension to be published jointly in the journals of each society. The purpose is to inform the members of both societies, as well as practicing clinicians, with a timely review of the association between obesity and high blood pressure, the risk that this association entails, and the options for rational, evidenced‐based treatment. The position paper is divided into six sections plus a summary as follows: pathophysiology, epidemiology and cardiovascular risk, the metabolic syndrome, lifestyle management in prevention and treatment, pharmacologic treatment of hypertension in the obese, and the medical and surgical treatment of obesity in obese hypertensive patients. Obesity (2012)
Using facebook and text messaging to deliver a weight loss program to college students
Authors: Napolitano Melissa A. , Hayes Sharon , Bennett Gary G. , Ives Allison K. , Foster Gary D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Between 31 and 35% of the college‐aged population is overweight or obese, yet few weight loss trials for this population have been conducted. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a technology‐based 8‐week weight loss intervention among college students.Design and Methods:Students (N = 52) were randomly assigned to one of the three arms: Facebook (n = 17); Facebook Plus text messaging and personalized feedback (n = 18); Waiting List control (n = 17), with assessments at 4 weeks and 8 weeks (post‐treatment). Participants were 20.47 ± 2.19 years old, 86.45 ± 17.11 kg, with a body mass index of 31.36 ± 5.3 kg/m2. Participants were primarily female (86.5%), and the sample was racially diverse (57.7% Caucasian, 30.8% African American, 5.8% Hispanic, and 5.7% other races).Results:The primary outcome was weight loss after 8 weeks (post‐treatment); 96.0% of the participants completed this assessment. At 8 weeks, the Facebook Plus group had significantly greater weight loss (−2.4 ± 2.5 kg) than the Facebook (−0.63 ± 2.4 kg) and Waiting List (−0.24 ± 2.6 kg) (both Ps < 0.05). Weight change at 8 weeks was not significantly different between the Facebook and Waiting List groups.Conclusions:Results show preliminary efficacy and acceptability of the two active intervention arms (97.0% found the program helpful, 81.3% found the videos/handouts helpful, and 100% would recommend the program to others). Results indicate the potential for an innovative weight loss intervention that uses technology platforms (Facebook and text messaging) that are frequently used and already integrated into the cultural life of college students.
Central adiposity and other anthropometric factors in relation to risk of macrosomia in an african american population
Authors: Li Se , Rosenberg Lynn , Palmer Julie R. , Phillips Ghasi S. , Heffner Linda J. , Wise Lauren A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Previous studies have consistently identified maternal obesity and gestational weight gain (GWG) as risk factors for macrosomia, but little is known about the effects of central adiposity and body fat distribution. Using self‐reported data from the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS), a large follow‐up study of US black women, we examined the risk of macrosomia in relation to prepregnancy waist circumference, prepregnancy waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), prepregnancy BMI, and GWG.Design and Methods:During 1995–2003, BWHS participants ages 21–44 years delivered 6,687 full‐term singleton births (gestational age >37 weeks). We compared mothers of 691 infants weighing ≥4,000 g with mothers of 5,996 infants weighing <4,000 g. Generalized estimating equation models (GEE) that accounted for more than one birth per mother were used to estimate multivariable odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results:Independent of prepregnancy BMI, prepregnancy waist circumference was positively associated with risk of macrosomia (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.07–2.32, for ≥35.0 vs. <27.0 inches (≥88.9 vs. <68.6 cm); P trend = 0.04). As expected, prepregnancy BMI was also positively associated with macrosomia (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.25–2.41 for BMI ≥35.0 vs. 18.5–24.9 kg m−2). GWG above the amount recommended by the 2009 Institute of Medicine report was associated with an increased risk of macrosomia and the association was present in each category of prepregnancy BMI (18.5–24.9, 25.0–29.9, and ≥30.0 kg m−2; P trend <0.001).Conclusions:Our data suggest that overall obesity, high GWG, and high waist circumference are independent risk factors for macrosomia among US black women.
High‐normal tsh values in obesity: Is it insulin resistance or adipose tissue's guilt?
Authors: Muscogiuri Giovanna , Sorice Gian P. , Mezza Teresa , Prioletta Annamaria , Lassandro Anna P. , Pirronti Tommaso , Della Casa Silvia , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Giaccari Andrea 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Clinical evidences reported subclinical alterations of thyroid function in obesity, although the relationship between thyroid status and obesity remains unclear. We cross‐sectionally investigated the influence of metabolic features on hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis in obesity.Design and Methods:We enrolled 60 euthyroid subjects with no history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and assessed the relationship of thyroid function with insulin resistance, measured using euglycemic clamp, and abdominal fat volume, quantified by computed tomography scan (CT scan). Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) correlated with BMI (r = 0.46; P = 0.02), both visceral (r = 0.58; P = 0.02) and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes (r = 0.43; P = 0.03) and insulin resistance (inverse relationship with insulin sensitivity–glucose uptake: r = −0.40; P = 0.04).Results:After performing multivariate regression, visceral adipose tissue volume was found to be the most powerful predictor of TSH (β = 3.05; P = 0.01), whereas glucose uptake, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, subcutaneous adipose tissue volume, and triglycerides were not. To further confirm the hypothesis that high‐normal TSH values could be dependent on adipose tissue, and not on insulin resistance, we restricted our analyses to moderately obese subjects' BMI ranging 30‐35 kg/m2. This subgroup was then divided as insulin resistant and insulin sensitive according to the glucose uptake (≤ or >5 mg·kg−1·min−1, respectively). We did not find any statistical difference in TSH (insulin resistant: 1.62 ± 0.65 µU/ml vs. insulin sensitive: 1.46 ± 0.48; P = not significant) and BMI (insulin resistant: 32.2 ± 1.6 kg/m2 vs. insulin sensitive: 32.4 ± 1.4; P = not significant), thus confirming absence of correlation between thyroid function and insulin sensitivity per se.Conclusion:Our study suggests that the increase in visceral adipose tissue is the best predictor of TSH concentration in obesity, independently from the eventual concurrent presence of insulin resistance.
A variant in the LRRFIP1 gene is associated with adiposity and inflammation
Authors: Plourde Melanie , Vohl Marie‐Claude , Bellis Claire , Carless Melanie , Dyer Thomas , Dolley Guillaume , Marette André , Després Jean‐Pierre , Bouchard Claude , Blangero John , Pérusse Louis 
Published: March 2013

AbstractInflammation is an important factor linking abdominal obesity with insulin resistance and related cardiometabolic risk. A genome‐wide association study of adiposity‐related traits performed in the Quebec Family Study (QFS) revealed that a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the LRRFIP1 gene (rs11680012) was associated with abdominal adiposity (P = 4.6 × 10–6).Objective:The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between polymorphisms in LRRFIP1 gene and adiposity (BMI, fat mass (FM), waist circumference (WC), and computed tomography‐derived areas of total, subcutaneous and visceral abdominal adipose tissue) and markers of inflammation (C‐reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6)).Design and Methods:Using Sequenom, 16 tag SNPs in the LRRFIP1 gene, capturing 78% of the genetic variation, were genotyped in 926 participants of the QFS.Results:Eight SNPs (rs7575941, rs3769053, rs11689421, rs3820808, rs11680012, rs3806505, rs6739130, and rs11686141) showed evidence of association with at least two adiposity phenotypes and plasma levels of one marker of inflammation. The strongest evidence of association was observed with rs11680012, which explained 1.8–3.4% of the variance in areas of abdominal adiposity and 2.0% of the variation in CRP levels. Carriers of the rare allele of rs11680012 had ∼30% more abdominal adiposity (P values between 2.7 × 10–4 and 3.8 × 10–6) and 75% higher CRP levels (P = 1.6 × 10–4) than the common allele in age and sex adjusted data. Rs11680012 is a G/C SNP converting an arginine into a threonine and this amino acid substitution may potentially alter exonic splicing.Conclusion:This gene may therefore represent a potential interesting target to investigate in further functional studies on adiposity and inflammation.
A natural fiber complex reduces body weight in the overweight and obese: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Grube Barbara , Chong Pee‐Win , Lau Kai‐Zhia , Orzechowski Hans‐Dieter 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:A proprietary natural fiber complex (Litramine IQP G‐002AS) derived from Opuntia ficus‐indica, and standardized on lipophilic activity, was previously shown in preclinical and human studies to reduce dietary fat absorption through gastrointestinal (GI) fat binding. Here, we investigated the efficacy and safety of IQP G‐002AS in body weight reduction.Design and Methods:One hundred twenty‐five overweight and obese adults participated in the study. Subjects were advised on physical activity, and received nutritional counseling, including hypocaloric diet plans (30% energy from fat and 500 kcal deficit/day). After a 2‐week placebo run‐in phase, subjects were randomized to receive either 3 g/day of IQP G‐002AS (IQ) or a placebo. The primary endpoint was change in body weight from baseline; secondary endpoints included additional obesity measures and safety parameters.Results:One hundred twenty‐three subjects completed the 12‐week treatment phase (intention‐to‐treat (ITT) population: 30 male and 93 female; mean BMI: 29.6 ± 2.8 kg/m2 and age: 45.4 ± 11.3 years). The mean body weight change from baseline was 3.8 ± 1.8 kg in IQ vs. 1.4 ± 2.6 kg in placebo (P < 0.001). More IQ subjects lost at least 5% of their initial body weight compared to placebo (P = 0.027). Compared with placebo, IQ also showed significantly greater reduction in BMI, body fat composition, and waist circumference. IQ was well tolerated with no adverse reactions reported.Conclusions:These results suggest that the natural fiber complex Litramine IQP G‐002AS is effective in promoting weight loss.
The impact of metabolic syndrome and endothelial dysfunction on exercise‐induced cardiovascular changes
Authors: Rossi Amanda M. , Davies Elaine , Lavoie Kim L. , Arsenault André , Gordon Jennifer L. , Meloche Bernard , Bacon Simon L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:There is limited information regarding the synergistic or additive effects of metabolic syndrome (MS) and endothelial dysfunction (ED) on cardiovascular disease (CVD). Altered cardiovascular responses to exercise have been shown to predict future cardiovascular events as well as assess autonomic function. The present study evaluated the impact of MS and brachial artery reactivity (a proxy of ED) on peak exercise‐induced cardiovascular changes.Design and Methods:Individuals (n = 303) undergoing a standard nuclear medicine exercise stress test were assessed for MS. Participants underwent a Forearm Hyperaemic Reactivity test and were considered to have dysfunctional reactivity if their rate of uptake ratio (RUR) was <3.55. Resting and peak blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured. Reactivity was calculated as the difference between peak and resting measures.Results:Analyses, adjusting for age, sex, resting HR, total metabolic equivalents (METs), and a history of major CVD, revealed a main effect of MS (F = 5.51, η2 = 0.02, P = 0.02) and RUR (F = 6.69, η2 = 0.02, P = 0.01) on HR reactivity, such that patients with MS and/or poor RUR had reduced HR reactivity. There were no interactive effects of RUR and MS. There were no effects of RUR or MS on systolic BP (SBP) or diastolic BP (DBP) reactivity or rate pressure product (RPP) reactivity.Conclusions:The presence of decreased HR reactivity among participants with MS or poor brachial artery reactivity, combined with the lack of difference in other exercise‐induced cardiovascular changes, indicates that these patients may have some degree of parasympathetic dysregulation. Further longitudinal studies are needed to understand the long‐term implications of MS and endothelial abnormalities in this context.
Obesity and the occurrence of bronchitis in adolescents
Authors: Lee Yungling L. , Chen Yang‐Ching , Chen Yu‐An 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Previous studies have shown that an elevated BMI was associated with higher risks of bronchitis among children. The magnitude of how increase in BMI influencing the risk of incident bronchitis remained unexplored. The objective of this study is to assess the association between BMI and the incidence of bronchitis in the Taiwan Children Health Study.Design:A school‐based prospective cohort study.Methods:We conducted a population‐based prospective cohort study among seventh‐grade school children in 14 Taiwanese communities. A total of 3,634 adolescents completed follow‐up questionnaire in 2009. Associations between BMI and incident bronchitis were analyzed by multiple Poisson regression models, taking overdispersion into account.Results:Among eligible cohort participants without bronchitis at study entry, the proportion of overweight and obesity were 32.1% and 17.9%. Overweight was 40.7% and obesity was 27.7% among those with incident bronchitis. The BMI percentile categories showed significant increasing trends for bronchitis in total eligible children and in girls (P for trend <0.001). Overweight and obesity were both associated with increased risks of incident bronchitis. This association was significant in girls only while stratified by gender.Conclusions:Our data showed that the BMI percentile and weight status were associated with higher risks of incident bronchitis in adolescents, especially in girls.
Obesity and body fat classification in the metabolic syndrome: Impact on cardiometabolic risk metabotype
Authors: Phillips Catherine M. , Tierney Audrey C. , Perez‐Martinez Pablo , Defoort Catherine , Blaak Ellen E. , Gjelstad Ingrid M. F. , Lopez‐Miranda Jose , Kiec‐Klimczak Malgorzata , Malczewska‐Malec Malgorzata , Drevon Christian A. , Hall Wendy , Lovegrove Julie A. , Karlstrom Brita , Risérus Ulf , Roche Helen M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Obesity is a key factor in the development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. We investigated whether obesity classification by BMI and body fat percentage (BF%) influences cardiometabolic profile and dietary responsiveness in 486 MetS subjects (LIPGENE dietary intervention study).Design and Methods:Anthropometric measures, markers of inflammation and glucose metabolism, lipid profiles, adhesion molecules, and hemostatic factors were determined at baseline and after 12 weeks of four dietary interventions (high saturated fat (SFA), high monounsaturated fat (MUFA), and two low fat high complex carbohydrate (LFHCC) diets, one supplemented with long chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n‐3 PUFAs)).Results:About 39 and 87% of subjects classified as normal and overweight by BMI were obese according to their BF%. Individuals classified as obese by BMI (≥30 kg/m2) and BF% (≥25% (men) and ≥35% (women)) (OO, n = 284) had larger waist and hip measurements, higher BMI and were heavier (P < 0.001) than those classified as nonobese by BMI but obese by BF% (NOO, n = 92). OO individuals displayed a more proinflammatory (higher C reactive protein (CRP) and leptin), prothrombotic (higher plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1)), proatherogenic (higher leptin/adiponectin ratio) and more insulin resistant (higher HOMA‐IR) metabolic profile relative to the NOO group (P < 0.001). Interestingly, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) concentrations were lower post‐intervention in NOO individuals compared with OO subjects (P < 0.001).Conclusions:In conclusion, assessing BF% and BMI as part of a metabotype may help to identify individuals at greater cardiometabolic risk than BMI alone.
A novel index of whole body antilipolytic insulin action
Authors: Van Pelt Rachael E. , Gozansky Wendolyn S. , Kohrt Wendy M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Assessment of antilipolytic insulin action is important in obesity research, but extensive isotopic tracer studies are not always feasible. We evaluated whether an index of antilipolytic insulin action could be derived from readily available insulin and glycerol concentrations obtained during clamps or oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT).Design and Methods:We evaluated data collected from 29 subjects who had undergone a 3‐stage hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp (4, 8, and 40 mU/m2/min) with infusion of [2H5]glycerol to calculate the glycerol rate of appearance (GLYRA). Exponential decay curves for GLYRA across insulin concentrations were generated for each individual and suppression of lipolysis was calculated as the insulin concentration needed to half‐maximally suppress GLYRA (GLYRA EC50). Areas under the curve for glycerol (GLYAUC) and insulin (INSAUC) were calculated and their products (INSAUC × GLYAUC) were calculated as an index of insulin suppression of lipolysis.Results:The clamp index was highly correlated with GLYRA EC50 (r = 0.862, P < 0.001), as was an OGTT‐derived index (r = 0.720, P < 0.01).Conclusions:These findings suggest that the products of the insulin and glycerol AUC from either a clamp or an OGTT are good biomarkers of the antilipolytic action of insulin and are comparable with direct measurement by isotopic tracer methods.
Get More Out of Your Data: A New Approach to Agglomeration and Aggregation Studies Using Nanoparticle Impact Experiments
Authors: Ellison Joanna , Tschulik Kristina , Stuart Emma J. E. , Jurkschat Kerstin , Omanović Dario , Uhlemann Margitta , Crossley Alison , Compton Richard G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAnodic particle coloumetry is used to size silver nanoparticles impacting a carbon microelectrode in a potassium chloride/citrate solution. Besides their size, their agglomeration state in solution is also investigated solely by electrochemical means and subsequent data analysis. Validation of this new approach to nanoparticle agglomeration studies is performed by comparison with the results of a commercially available nanoparticle tracking analysis system, which shows excellent agreement. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the electrochemical technique has the advantage of directly yielding the number of atoms per impacting nanoparticle irrespective of its shape. This is not true for the optical nanoparticle tracking system, which requires a correction for the nonspherical shape of agglomerated nanoparticles to derive reasonable information on the agglomeration state.
Networked Collective Action and the Institutionalized Policy Debate: Bringing Cyberactivism to the Policy Arena?
Authors: Milan Stefania , Hintz Arne 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNew forms of networked action and informal collaboration are challenging traditional notions of civil society. Based on the proliferation of new technologies, and spurred by the spread of trans‐border delocalized communities and the increasing disillusionment with traditional forms of political organization, civic action is becoming increasingly flexible, temporary, and elusive. This type of nontraditionally organized collective action often stays below the radar of public discourse, unless it is propelled to the spotlight because of international political developments such as the WikiLeaks case (and the related actions by the cyberactivist network Anonymous) and the mass protests in Northern Africa and the Middle East (and the role of social networking tools in these uprisings). In this article, we investigate the interactions and (in)compatibilities of Internet‐based networked collective action with institutionalized spaces of policy debate. We begin by characterizing online networked action as an emerging form of organized civil society, focusing on the realm of cyberactivists who are building and using cyber‐infrastructure (“grassroots tech groups”). In particular, we examine their values, identity features, and organizational forms. Based on this analysis, we explore two dimensions in which cyberactivism challenges established forms of institutionalized policy debate: the structural dimension and the realm of action repertoires. We ask whether these new forms of civil society are structurally compatible with current multistakeholder governance, and we discuss their repertoires of action with regard to policy advocacy and policy interventions, and thus the level and type of their engagement with governance processes and institutions.
Activism and the Online Mediation Opportunity Structure: Attempts to Impact Global Climate Change Policies?
Authors: Uldam Julie 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe annual United Nations (UN) Framework Convention on Climate Change conferences provides a transnational mediation opportunity structure for activist networks to contest policies that favor market‐based models for solving the climate crisis. Online technologies, including commercial social media, have arguably increased possibilities for being involved in protests on a transnational level. However, this article shows how online modes of action privilege lobbying tactics over civil disobedience tactics, arguing that the former is often incommensurate with an anticapitalist climate approach to climate change activism. This impedes possibilities for using online media to protest at the radical end of the climate justice movement spectrum. This article explores this interrelationship between activist demands and (online) modes of action through a focus on the mobilization efforts of London‐based activists for the 17th UN climate conference in 2011.
Online Campaigning Organizations and Storytelling Strategies: GetUp! in Australia
Authors: Vromen Ariadne , Coleman William 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThere has been an international growth in online campaigning organizations that engage in public policy debate and mobilize citizens. This paper analyzes how political action undertaken by these organizations promotes an innovative approach to storytelling and discursive politics. The main question addressed here is: how do storytelling tactics underpin the multi‐issue oriented, online strategies of campaigning organizations? GetUp! is an Australian online political campaigning organization with over 600,000 members, that has conducted high‐profile public policy campaigns on issues as diverse as mental health, electoral law, same‐sex marriage, and climate change. This qualitative case study demonstrates how GetUp!'s communications strategy tries to use storytelling to reorient political debate—and the nature of politics itself—in an affective way. The construction of online campaign stories underpins their political tactics. Stories are used to help citizens, and to a lesser extent, decision makers, identify with an issue, build community, and act in recognition of the moral urgency for political change.