bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of public stroke educational interventions: a review
Authors: Rasura M. , Baldereschi M. , Di Carlo A. , Di Lisi F. , Patella R. , Piccardi B. , Polizzi B. , Inzitari D. 
Published: October 2013

Background and purposeRecognizing stroke symptoms and acting quickly can reduce death and disability, but public awareness of stroke risk factors, symptoms and what to do about them is still limited. Stroke educational campaigns are used worldwide but there are few published evaluations of such campaigns.MethodsThe literature from 1999 to 2012 on the effectiveness of stroke educational campaigns was reviewed and summarized with narrative synthesis. Web‐based campaigns were also described. Three databases and one search engine were explored with two keywords (stroke campaign and stroke promotion). The reference lists of all included articles were also examined.ResultsTwenty‐two intervention studies and five web‐based campaigns were included in the review. Most interventions proved partially effective, in terms of gender preference (women) or type of information retained or media preferred. Only one intervention proved ineffective. Mass media campaigns can be effective but require sustained funding, and their ability to target high‐risk subgroups, whether aging, linguistic or socioeconomic, is unclear. Three community‐based participatory stroke promotion interventions proved partially effective, but the small sample sizes might have underpowered the results. Web‐based campaigns are efficient in reaching a large number of people but tend to attract a selected and self‐selected population.ConclusionsStroke educational campaigns have the potential to improve knowledge and awareness and change the behavior of a large number of people. Health promoters and investigators must adopt flexibility and participatory mentality to develop cost‐effective interventions. Both community‐based campaigns and E‐tools should be integrated within a comprehensive multifaceted stroke promotion strategy to expand their reach.
Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with chronic and aggressive periodontitis in Jordanian patients
Authors: Karasneh Jumana A. , Ababneh Khansa T. , Taha Anas H. , Al‐Abbadi Muna S. , Marzouka Nour al‐dain S. , Jaradat Sameh M. , Thornhill Martin H. 
Published: October 2013

Vitamin D acts through binding with vitamin D receptor (VDR) and is responsible for regulating bone metabolism and mineralization; it also suppresses the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate if VDR gene polymorphisms are associated with chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) in a Jordanian population. A total of 99 patients with CP, 63 patients with AgP, and 126 controls were genotyped using PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The association was determined after correcting for confounding factors using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Estimation of haplotype frequencies was carried out using the EH program, and haplotypes were constructed using the phase 2.1 program. After correcting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that inheritance of the BsmI bb genotype or the ApaI aa genotype was associated with increased risk of developing CP (OR = 2.4 and OR = 3.4, respectively) but with reduced risk of developing AgP (OR = 0.4 and OR = 0.3, respectively). This was further supported by association of the ba haplotype with CP but not with AgP. This study supports an association of VDR gene polymorphisms with CP and AgP in a Jordanian population; however, the pattern of association was different between the two diseases.
The nasolacrimal duct of the mule: Anatomy and clinical considerations
Authors: Adams M. F. , Castro J. R. , Morandi F. , Reese R. E. , Reed R. B. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThis study investigated the location of the nasolacrimal orifice (NLO) and course of the nasolacrimal duct in the mule using visual examination, gross dissection and computed tomography (dacryocystography [CT‐DCG]) and concluded that the location of the NLO is distinct from that described for horses and donkeys and is easily located, by visual examination alone, within the internal cutaneous tissue of the lateral wall of the external nares. The course of the nasolacrimal duct caudal to the nasal vestibule is similar to that of the horse.
Soil warming alters microbial substrate use in alpine soils
Authors: Streit Kathrin , Hagedorn Frank , Hiltbrunner David , Portmann Magdalena , Saurer Matthias , Buchmann Nina , Wild Birgit , Richter Andreas , Wipf Sonja , Siegwolf Rolf T. W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWill warming lead to an increased use of older soil organic carbon (SOC) by microbial communities, thereby inducing C losses from C‐rich alpine soils? We studied soil microbial community composition, activity, and substrate use after 3 and 4 years of soil warming (+4 °C, 2007–2010) at the alpine treeline in Switzerland. The warming experiment was nested in a free air CO2 enrichment experiment using depleted 13CO2 (δ13C = −30‰, 2001–2009). We traced this depleted 13C label in phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) of the organic layer (0–5 cm soil depth) and in C mineralized from root‐free soils to distinguish substrate ages used by soil microorganisms: fixed before 2001 (‘old’), from 2001 to 2009 (‘new’) or in 2010 (‘recent’). Warming induced a sustained stimulation of soil respiration (+38%) without decline in mineralizable SOC. PLFA concentrations did not reveal changes in microbial community composition due to soil warming, but soil microbial metabolic activity was stimulated (+66%). Warming decreased the amount of new and recent C in the fungal biomarker 18:2ω6,9 and the amount of new C mineralized from root‐free soils, implying a shift in microbial substrate use toward a greater use of old SOC. This shift in substrate use could indicate an imbalance between C inputs and outputs, which could eventually decrease SOC storage in this alpine ecosystem.
Forecasting the viability of sea turtle eggs in a warming world
Authors: Pike David A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAnimals living in tropical regions may be at increased risk from climate change because current temperatures at these locations already approach critical physiological thresholds. Relatively small temperature increases could cause animals to exceed these thresholds more often, resulting in substantial fitness costs or even death. Oviparous species could be especially vulnerable because the maximum thermal tolerances of incubating embryos is often lower than adult counterparts, and in many species mothers abandon the eggs after oviposition, rendering them immobile and thus unable to avoid extreme temperatures. As a consequence, the effects of climate change might become evident earlier and be more devastating for hatchling production in the tropics. Loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) have the widest nesting range of any living reptile, spanning temperate to tropical latitudes in both hemispheres. Currently, loggerhead sea turtle populations in the tropics produce nearly 30% fewer hatchlings per nest than temperate populations. Strong correlations between empirical hatching success and habitat quality allowed global predictions of the spatiotemporal impacts of climate change on this fitness trait. Under climate change, many sea turtle populations nesting in tropical environments are predicted to experience severe reductions in hatchling production, whereas hatching success in many temperate populations could remain unchanged or even increase with rising temperatures. Some populations could show very complex responses to climate change, with higher relative hatchling production as temperatures begin to increase, followed by declines as critical physiological thresholds are exceeded more frequently. Predicting when, where, and how climate change could impact the reproductive output of local populations is crucial for anticipating how a warming world will influence population size, growth, and stability.
Yields of Miscanthus × giganteus and Panicum virgatum decline with stand age in the Midwestern USA
Authors: Arundale Rebecca A. , Dohleman Frank G. , Heaton Emily A. , Mcgrath Justin M. , Voigt Thomas B. , Long Stephen P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFor the C4 perennial grasses, Miscanthus × giganteus and Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) to be successful for bioenergy production they must maintain high yields over the long term. Previous studies under the less conducive climate for productivity in N.W. Europe found little or no yield decline in M. × giganteus in the long term. This study provides the first analysis of whether yield decline occurs in M. × giganteus under United States. Midwest conditions in side‐by‐side trials with P. virgatum over 8–10 years at seven locations across Illinois. The effect of stand age was determined by using a linear regression model that included effects of weather. Miscanthus × giganteus produced yields more than twice that of P. virgatum averaging 23.4 ± 1.2 Mg ha−1 yr−1 and 10.0 ± 0.9 Mg ha−1 yr−1, respectively, averaged over 8–10 years. Relationships of yield with precipitation and growing degree days were established and used to estimate yields corrected for the stochastic effects of weather. Across all locations and in both species, yield initially increased until it reached a maximum during the fifth growing season and then declined to a stable, but lower level in the eighth. This pattern was more pronounced in M. × giganteus. The mean yields observed over this longer term period of 8–10 years were lower than the yields of the first 5 years. However, this decline was proportionately greater in M. × giganteus than in P. virgatum, suggesting a stronger effect of stand age on M. × giganteus. Based on the average yield over the period of this study, meeting the United States Renewable Fuel Standard mandate of 60 billion liters of cellulosic ethanol by 2022, would require 6.8 Mha of M. × giganteus or 15.8 Mha of P. virgatum. These appear manageable numbers for the United States, given the 16.0 Mha in the farmland Conservation Reserve Program in addition to another 13.0 Mha abandoned from agriculture in the last decade.
Effect of grazing management on herbage protein concentration, milk production and nitrogen excretion of dairy cows in mid‐lactation
Authors: Bryant R. H. , Dalley D. E. , Gibbs J. , Edwards G. R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe objective of this experiment was to use diurnal and temporal changes in herbage composition to create two pasture diets with contrasting ratios of water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and crude protein (CP) and compare milk production and nitrogen‐use efficiency (NUE) of dairy cows. A grazing experiment using thirty‐six mid‐lactation Friesian x Jersey cows was conducted in late spring in Canterbury, New Zealand. Cows were offered mixed perennial ryegrass and white clover pastures either in the morning after a short 19‐day regrowth interval (SR AM) or in the afternoon after a long 35‐day regrowth interval (LR PM). Pasture treatments resulted in lower pasture mass and greater herbage CP concentration (187 vs. 171 g kg−1 DM) in the SR AM compared with the LR PM but did not affect WSC (169 g kg−1 DM) or the ratio of WSC/CP (1·0 g g−1). Cows had similar apparent DM (17·5 kg DM cow−1 d−1) and N (501 g N cow−1 d−1) intake for both treatments. Compared with SR AM cows, LR PM cows had lower milk (18·5 vs. 21·2 kg cow−1 d−1), milk protein (0·69 vs. 0·81 kg cow−1 d−1) and milk solids (1·72 and 1·89 kg cow−1 d−1) yield. Urinary N concentration was increased in SR AM, but estimated N excretion and NUE for milk were similar for both treatments. Further studies are required to determine the effect of feeding times on diurnal variation in urine volume and N concentration under grazing to predict urination events with highest leaching risk.
Relationship Between Daily Mood and Migraine in Children
Authors: Karlson Cynthia W. , Litzenburg Catrina C. , Sampilo Marilyn L. , Rapoff Michael A. , Connelly Mark , Bickel Jennifer L. , Hershey Andrew D. , Powers Scott W. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundRetrospective and cross‐sectional studies have suggested a bidirectional relationship between migraine and mood disturbance.ObjectiveThe present prospective daily diary study examined the prevalence and temporal associations between migraine and daily mood, mood and next‐day headache, and headache and next‐day mood.MethodsSixty‐nine children (50 females, 19 males) between the ages of 7 and 12 years and their parents attending neurology clinic appointments and having a diagnosis of migraine as defined by International Headache Classification 2nd edition criteria completed measures on the quality of life, headache disability, child emotions, and child behaviors. Children and parents then recorded children's headache occurrence, headache duration, headache severity, mood, daily hassles, and medication use on paper diaries once a day for 2 consecutive weeks. “Mood” was defined using the Facial Affective Scale, which is a visual representation of negative and positive affect. Data were analyzed using multilevel models.ResultsControlling for age, sex, quality of life, headache disability, and medication use, worse mood was associated with same‐day occurrence, longer duration, and more severe headache in both child and parent report. Today's mood was not consistently associated with next‐day headache, and today's headache was not associated with next‐day mood in either child or parent report.ConclusionsResults of this study lend support to a complex relationship between mood and headache in children with migraine. More research is needed to further elucidate the temporal nature of this relationship within a given day and over an extended period of time.
Headache Diagnoses Among Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans Enrolled in VA: A Gender Comparison
Authors: Carlson Kathleen F. , Taylor Brent C. , Hagel Emily M. , Cutting Andrea , Kerns Robert , Sayer Nina A. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence and correlates of headache diagnoses, by gender, among Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans who use Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care.BackgroundUnderstanding the health care needs of recent Veterans, and how these needs differ between women and men, is a priority for the VA. The potential for a large burden of headache disorders among Veterans seeking VA services exists but has not been examined in a representative sample.MethodsWe conducted a historical cohort study using national VA inpatient and outpatient data from fiscal year 2011. Participants were all (n = 470,215) Iraq and Afghanistan War Veteran VA users in 2011; nearly 13% were women. We identified headache diagnoses using International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐9) diagnosis codes assigned during one or more VA inpatient or outpatient encounters. Descriptive analyses included frequencies of patient characteristics, prevalence and types of headache diagnoses, and prevalence of comorbid diagnoses. Prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate associations between gender and headache diagnoses. Multivariate models adjusted for age and race. Additional models also adjusted for comorbid diagnoses.ResultsIn 2011, 56,300 (11.9%) Veterans received a headache‐related diagnosis. While controlling for age and race, headache diagnoses were 1.61 times more prevalent (95% CI = 1.58‐1.64) among women (18%) than men (11%). Most of this difference was associated with migraine diagnoses, which were 2.66 times more prevalent (95% CI = 2.59‐2.73) among women. Cluster and post‐traumatic headache diagnoses were less prevalent in women than in men. These patterns remained the same when also controlling for comorbid diagnoses, which were common among both women and men with headache diagnoses. The most prevalent comorbid diagnoses examined were depression (46% of women with headache diagnoses vs 40% of men), post‐traumatic stress disorder (38% vs 58%), and back pain (38% vs 46%).ConclusionsResults of this study have implications for the delivery of post‐deployment health services to Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans. Migraine and other headache diagnoses are common among Veterans, particularly women, and tend to occur in combination with other post‐deployment health conditions for which patients are being treated.
Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori in Bhutan: The Role of Environment and Geographic Location
Authors: Dorji Dorji , Dendup Tashi , Malaty Hoda M. , Wangchuk Kinley , Yangzom Deki , Richter James M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundBhutan is small mountainous country bordering India and China and consists of four geographic regions, west, east, central, and south. The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection and risk factors associated with in Bhutan are not previously studied. The World Health Organization reported the incidence of stomach cancer to be very high in Bhutan.AimWe conducted a cross‐sectional study to determine the seroepidemiologic pattern of H. pylori among Bhutanese from the four regions with emphasis on water source and household sanitation.MethodsBetween June and November 2012, blood samples from patients with complaints of dyspepsia were collected after obtaining an informed consent. Demographic information, occupation, family size living in the same household, consumption of betel nut, and aspects of household environment including type of latrines, source of drinking water were collected. All serum samples were tested for H. pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using MAGIWELL ELISA kit from United Biotech, USA.ResultsTwo hundred and forty‐four patients between 17 and 75 years of age participated in the study, of them, 102 were men, and the mean age was 38 (±14.2) years. The overall prevalence of H. pylori among patients was 86% with no difference between men and women (90 vs 83%, respectively, p = .12). The prevalence was almost identical among all age groups: 81% at 17–20, 84% at 20–29, 93% at 30–39, 82% at 40–49, 87% at 50–59, and 82% at ≥60 years (p = .51). H. pylori prevalence was lower in the southern region of Bhutan (78%) compared with the central region (97%) (OR = 8.6; 95% CI = 1.1–55; p = .02), eastern region (91%) (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.1–7.2, p = .004) or the western region (83%) (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.8–3.1, p = .07). The prevalence of H. pylori was significantly lower among household with less than 4 persons living in the same household. Source of drinking water, type of occupation, type of latrines, or consumption of betel nut showed no association with H. pylori prevalence. Logistic regression analysis revealed that residing region was the only significant variable.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of antibodies to H. pylori among patients and in all groups could contribute to the high incident rate of gastric cancer in Bhutan. Crowded living condition and the residing region contribute to the variation of the prevalence of the infection. The lowest prevalence in southern part of the country could be due to the difference in the ethnicity as most of its population is of Indian and Nepal origin. Further data regarding H. pylori in Bhutan are critical to developing surveillance and prevention strategies for gastric cancer.
Immunohistochemical characterization of prototypical endometrial clear cell carcinoma—diagnostic utility of HNF‐1β and oestrogen receptor
Authors: Hoang Lien N , Han Guangming , McConechy Melissa , Lau Sherman , Chow Christine , Gilks C Blake , Huntsman David G , Köbel Martin , Lee Cheng‐Han 
Published: October 2013

AimsThe great majority of ovarian clear cell carcinomas have a hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox B (HNF‐1β)‐positive and oestrogen receptor (ER)‐negative immunoprofile. However, the pattern of HNF‐1β and ER immunostaining in clear cell carcinomas of the endometrium and the usefulness of this panel in distinguishing clear cell carcinoma from other histological types of endometrial carcinoma have yet to be well defined.Methods and resultsWe examined the immunostaining patterns of HNF‐1β, ER and p53 in 15 morphologically classic pure endometrial clear cell carcinomas, and compared these patterns with 15 endometrioid and 15 serous carcinomas of the endometrium. We observed the presence of diffuse (>70%) moderate to strong nuclear HNF‐1β staining and negative ER staining in 14 of 15 clear cell carcinomas, with the remaining case showing both diffuse strong nuclear HNF‐1β staining and focal ER staining. In comparison, only one of 15 serous carcinomas and none of 15 endometrioid carcinomas showed a combination of diffuse moderate to strong HNF‐1β nuclear staining and negative ER staining. Aberrant p53 immunostaining was observed in five of 15 (33%) clear cell carcinomas.ConclusionsOverall, our findings demonstrate that, similarly to the situation for the ovary, a diagnostic panel of HNF‐1β and ER may be considered for separating clear cell carcinoma from endometrioid and serous carcinoma of the endometrium.
Synthesis of ZrC–SiC Powders by a Preceramic Solution Route
Authors: Cai Tao , Qiu Wen‐Feng , Liu Dan , Han Wei‐Jian , Ye Li , Zhao Ai‐Jun , Zhao Tong 
Published: October 2013

Homogenous liquid precursor for ZrC–SiC was prepared by blending of Zr(OC4H9)4 and Poly[(methylsilylene)acetylene]. This precursor could be cured at 250°C and converted into binary ZrC–SiC composite ceramics upon heat treatment at 1700°C. The pyrolysis mechanism and optimal molar ratio of the precursor were investigated by XRD. The morphology and elements analyses were conducted by SEM and corresponding energy‐dispersive spectrometer. The evolution of carbon during ceramization was studied by Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the precursor samples heat treated at 900°C consisted of t‐ZrO2 (main phase) and m‐ZrO2 (minor phase). The higher temperature induced phase transformation and t‐ZrO2 converted into m‐ZrO2. Further heating led to the formation of ZrC and SiC due to the carbothermal reduction, and the ceramic sample changed from compact to porous due to the generation of carbon oxides. With the increasing molar ratios of C/Zr, the residual oxides in 1700°C ceramic samples converted into ZrC and almost pure ZrC–SiC composite ceramics could be obtained in ZS‐3 sample. The Zr, Si, and C elements were well distributed in the obtained ceramics powders and particles with a distribution of 100 ~ 300 nm consisted of well‐crystallized ZrC and SiC phases.