bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping Cancer Survivorship in Africa: An Update From the Survivorship Working Group (SWG) Survey
Authors: Nchasi Goodluck , Zakieh Abdulhafiz , Schroeder Kristin , Cira Mishka Kohli 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE The incidence and mortality rates of cancer in Africa are on the rise, with projections expecting increasing incidence and mortality, with an estimated million annual deaths due to cancer by the year 2030. Despite this high cancer burden, little is known about the current models of survivorship care in Africa. The Survivorship Working Group (SWG) is a group of experts convened to better understand the scope of survivorship care across the region, in addition to their own work studying and providing cancer care in African countries. SWG members include doctors, oncologists, cancer survivors and public health experts. Our study aims to document the range of projects being led by SWG members in the area of cancer survivorship care in Africa. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, utilizing a Google survey consisting of 28 questions (multiple choice and short notes) focused on cancer survivorship care. The survey link was disseminated via email to all SWG members between February 1st to February 29th, 2024. The data collected was imported and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. RESULTS As of Feb 22nd, 2024, a total of 11 surveys were answered. The majority of projects were conducted in eastern 63.6% (n=7) and southern 54.5% (n=6) African regions. 45.5% (n=5) of reported projects were in the initiation/planning phase, 27.3% (n=3) were in data collection/analysis phase, and 27.3% (n=3) were in completion/reporting phase. Of reported projects, 63.6% (n=7) were focused on a specific type of cancer, with breast cancer 57.1% (n=4) coming first, and cervical cancer 42.8% (n=3) in second place. Only 37.5% (n=3) of cancer survivorship projects were focused on the pediatric population. The adult and geriatric populations were the focus of 81.8% (n=9) and 72.7% (n=8) of projects respectively. 90.9% (n=9) of all projects focus on psychosocial/peer support, while only 27.3% (n=3) focus on palliative care. CONCLUSION Cancer survivorship projects and programs are growing and needed in African countries due to growing cancer incidence and mortality. Our initial survey results show that current SWG member-led projects are mostly focused on adult and geriatric populations and that most projects are in the initiation/planning phase. Our survey final results will help us understand current cancer survivorship practices among SWG members, and help guide future projects to address disparities.
Microstructural Alterations of White Matter Associated With Colorectal Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Nguyen John Quan , Riddle Tara , Chao Sharon , Nguyen Nathan , Dutta Debapriya , Hill Ashley , Yu Robert , Rowland Kendrith , Shi Zhaoyue 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE Colorectal cancer survivors exhibit impairments in information processing and working memory with no significantly added effects from adjuvant therapy (PMID: 26527785). Little is known regarding its neural mechanism, which greatly impedes the development of effective therapies. White matter (WM) is an area of interest as it is the predominant tissue that facilitates communication between different brain regions and from which damage could be debilitating. Here, we utilize 7T magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate WM integrity and its association with colorectal cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). METHODS 16 subjects were recruited for this ongoing study. These included 7 colorectal cancer survivors (stage I or II, aged 61.8 ± 9.6 years) who had surgery without adjuvant therapy within 6 months, and 9 age/sex/education matched healthy controls (HC, aged 58.1 ± 10.0 years). All subjects had no prior malignancy or history of neurological disorders. Each underwent neuropsychological testing and DTI on a Siemens MAGNETOM Terra 7T scanner within the same day. We then quantitatively compared the WM integrity between survivors and HCs using voxel-wise DTI measures that reflect WM tissue organization including axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), mean diffusivity (MD), and fractional anisotropy (FA). We also correlated the cognitive test scores with DTI metrics while including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores as covariates. RESULTS Compared to HCs, the survivor group performed significantly worse in attention and psychomotor speed on the Trail Making Test (TMT)-A. No significant differences were observed in the BDI or STAI scores. The DTI tract-based spatial statistics found significantly decreased AD and MD in the corpus callosum connecting the two frontal hemispheres (multiple comparison corrected p<0.05). Additionally, the TMT-A scores correlated with mean regional AD, MD, and FA in the genu, body, and forceps minor of the corpus callosum (p<0.05). These results suggest that damage within WM tracts is associated with cognition. CONCLUSION Our ongoing study presents preliminary evidence of alterations and associations between WM microstructural integrity and cognitive functioning in colorectal cancer survivors. Further data collection is underway that will help elucidate the neural mechanism and biological targets needed for treating colorectal CRCI.
Large self-heating by trapped-flux reduction in Sn-Pb solders
Authors: Mizuguchi Yoshikazu , Murakami Takumi , Kasem Md. Riad , Arima Hiroto 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Magnetic flux trapping in field-cooled (FC) Sn-Pb solders has been recently studied because of the observation of nonvolatile magneto-thermal switching (Arima H. et al., Commun. Mater., 5 (2024) 34) and anomalous magnetic field-temperature (H-T) phase diagrams (Murakami T. et al., AIP Adv., 13 (2023) 125008). In this paper, we investigate the origin of the anomalously low specific heat (C) in Sn10-Pb90 and Sn45-Pb55 solders after FC at H = 1500 Oe. We show that the FC solders exhibit self-heating possibly caused by the flux flow during the reduction of trapped fluxes when heating the sample during the C measurements. The T dependence of T rise clearly exhibits unexpectedly large values when the low-C states are observed. In addition, the cause of the transition-like behavior in C-T of FC solders is explained by local heating during H control and flux-jump phenomena.
ERK signalling eliminates Nanog and maintains Oct4 to drive the formative pluripotency transition
Authors: Mulas Carla , Stammers Melanie , Salomaa Siiri I. , Heinzen Constanze , Suter David M. , Smith Austin , Chalut Kevin J. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Naïve epiblast cells in the embryo and pluripotent stem cells in vitro undergo developmental progression to a formative state competent for lineage specification. During this transition, transcription factors and chromatin are rewired to encode new functional features. Here, we examine the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/2) signalling in pluripotent state transition. We show that a primary consequence of ERK activation in mouse embryonic stem cells is elimination of Nanog, which precipitates breakdown of the naïve state gene regulatory network. Variability in pERK dynamics results in heterogeneous loss of Nanog and metachronous state transition. Knockdown of Nanog allows exit without ERK activation. However, transition to formative pluripotency does not proceed and cells collapse to an indeterminate identity. This outcome is due to failure to maintain expression of the central pluripotency factor Oct4. Thus, during formative transition ERK signalling both dismantles the naïve state and preserves pluripotency. These results illustrate how a single signalling pathway can both initiate and secure transition between cell states.
Characterization of a monkey model with experimental retinal damage induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate
Authors: Liu Guo , Huang Longxiang , Tan Junkai , Wang Yun , Lan Chunlin , Chen Yaxi , Mao Yukai , Wang Xizhen , Fan Ning , Zhu Yihua , Zhu Xianjun , Liu Xuyang 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal damage has been well studied in rodents, but the detailed mechanisms have not yet been characterized in nonhuman primates. Here, we characterized the retinal degenerative effects of NMDA on rhesus monkeys in vivo. NMDA saline or saline-only control was injected intravitreally to the randomly assigned eyes and contralateral eyes of four rhesus monkeys, respectively. The structural and functional changes of retina were characterized by optical coherence tomography and electroretinography on days 0, 4, 30 and 60 post injection. Both optic discs and macular areas of the NMDA-injected eyes initially presented with a transient retinal thickening, followed by continued retinal thinning. The initial, transient retinal thickening has also been observed in glaucoma patients, but this has not been reported in rodent NMDA models. This initial response was followed by loss of retina ganglion cells (RGCs), which is similar to glaucomatous optic neuropathy and other RGC-related retinal degenerations. The amplitudes of both the photopic negative response and pattern electroretinogram decreased significantly and remained low until the end of the study. Thus, the NMDA monkey model may serve as a more clinically relevant animal model of retinal damage.
When less is more – a fast TurboID knock-in approach for high-sensitivity endogenous interactome mapping
Authors: Stockhammer Alexander , Spalt Carissa , Klemt Antonia , Benz Laila S. , Harel Shelly , Natalia Vini , Wiench Lukas , Freund Christian , Kuropka Benno , Bottanelli Francesca 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
In recent years, proximity labeling has established itself as an unbiased and powerful approach to map the interactome of specific proteins. Although physiological expression of labeling enzymes is beneficial for the mapping of interactors, generation of the desired cell lines remains time-consuming and challenging. Using our established pipeline for rapid generation of C- and N-terminal CRISPR-Cas9 knock-ins (KIs) based on antibiotic selection, we were able to compare the performance of commonly used labeling enzymes when endogenously expressed. Endogenous tagging of the µ subunit of the adaptor protein (AP)-1 complex with TurboID allowed identification of known interactors and cargo proteins that simple overexpression of a labeling enzyme fusion protein could not reveal. We used the KI strategy to compare the interactome of the different AP complexes and clathrin and were able to assemble lists of potential interactors and cargo proteins that are specific for each sorting pathway. Our approach greatly simplifies the execution of proximity labeling experiments for proteins in their native cellular environment and allows going from CRISPR transfection to mass spectrometry analysis and interactome data in just over a month.
Regulation of muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and fuel use during exercise in high-altitude deer mice
Authors: Coulson Soren Z. , Lyons Sulayman A. , Robertson Cayleih E. , Fabello Benjamin , Dessureault Lauren M. , McClelland Grant B. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Adult, lab-reared, highland deer mice acclimate to hypoxia by increasing reliance on carbohydrates to fuel exercise. Yet neither the underlying mechanisms for this shift in fuel use nor the impact of lifetime hypoxia exposure experienced in high alpine conditions, are fully understood. Thus, we assessed the use of fuel during exercise in wild highland deer mice running in their native environment. We examined a key step in muscle carbohydrate oxidation – the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) – during exercise at altitude in wild highlanders and in first generation (G1) lab-born and -raised highlanders acclimated to normoxia or hypoxia. PDH activity was also determined in the gastrocnemius of G1 highlanders using an in situ muscle preparation. We found that wild highlanders had a high reliance on carbohydrates while running in their native environment, consistent with data from hypoxia-acclimated G1 highlanders. PDH activity in the gastrocnemius was similar post exercise between G1 and wild highlanders. However, when the gastrocnemius was stimulated at a light work rate in situ, PDH activity was higher in hypoxia-acclimated G1 highlanders and was associated with lower intramuscular lactate levels. These findings were supported by lower PDH kinase 2 protein production in hypoxia-acclimated G1 mice. Our findings indicate that adult phenotypic plasticity in response to low oxygen is sufficient to increase carbohydrate reliance during exercise in highland deer mice. Additionally, variation in PDH regulation with hypoxia acclimation contributes to shifts in whole-animal patterns of fuel use and is likely to improve exercise performance via elevated energy yield per mole of O2.
Wolbachia-infected pharaoh ant colonies have higher egg production, metabolic rate and worker survival
Authors: Singh Rohini , Suresh Sachin , Fewell Jennifer H. , Harrison Jon F. , Linksvayer Timothy A. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Wolbachia is a widespread maternally transmitted endosymbiotic bacteria with diverse phenotypic effects on its insect hosts, ranging from parasitic to mutualistic. Wolbachia commonly infects social insects, where it faces unique challenges associated with its host's caste-based reproductive division of labor and colony living. Here, we dissect the benefits and costs of Wolbachia infection on life-history traits of the invasive pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis, which are relatively short lived and show natural variation in Wolbachia infection status between colonies. We quantified the effects of Wolbachia infection on the lifespan of queen and worker castes, the egg-laying rate of queens across queen lifespan, and the metabolic rates of whole colonies and colony members. Infected queens laid more eggs than uninfected queens but had similar metabolic rates and lifespans. Interestingly, infected workers outlived uninfected workers. At the colony level, infected colonies were more productive as a consequence of increased queen egg-laying rates and worker longevity, and infected colonies had higher metabolic rates during peak colony productivity. While some effects of infection, such as elevated colony-level metabolic rates, may be detrimental in more stressful natural conditions, we did not find any costs of infection under relatively benign laboratory conditions. Overall, our study emphasizes that Wolbachia infection can have beneficial effects on ant colony growth and worker survival in at least some environments.
Identification and in vivo functional analysis of furanocoumarin-responsive cytochrome P450s in a Rutaceae-feeding Papilio butterfly
Authors: Miyashita Rei , Ugajin Atsushi , Oda Hiroki , Ozaki Katsuhisa 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The Order Lepidoptera contains nearly 160,000 described species and most of them are specialist herbivores that use restricted plant species as hosts. Speciation that originated from host shift is one of the important factors for the diversification of Lepidoptera. Because plants prepare secondary metabolites for defense against herbivores, with varying profiles of the components among different plant taxa, the specialist herbivores need to be adapted to the toxic substances unique to their host plants. Swallowtail butterflies of the genus Papilio consist of over 200 species. Approximately 80% of them utilize Rutaceae plants, and among the remaining species, a specific subgroup uses phylogenetically distant Apiaceae plants as larval hosts. Rutaceae and Apiaceae commonly contain toxic secondary metabolites, furanocoumarins, and molecular phylogenetic studies support the concept that Apiaceae feeders were derived from Rutaceae feeders. Molecular mechanisms underlying furanocoumarin tolerance in Papilio butterflies have been investigated almost exclusively in an Apiaceae feeder by an in vitro assay. In contrast, there is little information regarding the Rutaceae feeders. Here, we focused on a Rutaceae feeder, Papilio xuthus, and identified two furanocoumarin-responsive cytochrome P450-6B (CYP6B) genes, of which one was an ortholog of a furanocoumarin-metabolizing enzyme identified in the Apiaceae-feeding Papilio while the other was previously unreported. We further conducted in vivo functional analysis using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, revealing a contribution of these CYP6Bs to furanocoumarin tolerance of P. xuthus larvae. Our findings suggest that co-option of furanocoumarin-metabolizing CYP6B enzymes at least partially contributed to the host shift from Rutaceae to Apiaceae in Papilio butterflies.
Asymptotic Optimality of Switched Control Policies in a Simple Parallel Server System Under an Extended Heavy Traffic Condition
Authors: Atar Rami , Castiel Eyal , Reiman Martin I. 
Published: July 2024

This paper studies a two-class, two-server parallel server system under the recently introduced extended heavy traffic condition, which states that the underlying “static allocation” linear program (LP) is critical, but does not require that it has a unique solution. The main result is the construction of policies that asymptotically achieve previously proved a lower bound, on an expected discounted linear combination of diffusion-scaled queue lengths and are therefore asymptotically optimal (AO). Each extreme point solution to the LP determines a control mode—that is, a set of activities (class-server pairs) that are operational. When there are multiple solutions, these modes can be selected dynamically. It is shown that the number of modes required for AO is either one or two. In the latter case, there is a switching point in the (normalized) workload domain, characterized in terms of a free boundary problem. Our policies are defined by identifying pairs of elementary policies and switching between them at this switching point. They provide the first example in the heavy traffic literature where weak limits under an AO policy are given by a diffusion process where both the drift and diffusion coefficients are discontinuous. Funding: R. Atar is supported by the Israel Science Foundation [Grant 1035/20].
All-optical convolutional neural network with on-chip integrable optical average pooling for image classification
Authors: Shao Xiaofeng , Su Jingyi , Lu Minghao , Cao Wen , Lu Yunqing , Wang Jin 
Published: July 2024

Optical convolutional neural networks (OCNNs) have shown great potential with respect to bandwidth and power consumption. However, while the convolution operations have been implemented with various optical elements, the optical implementation of necessary pooling operations remains a challenging issue, which hinders the realization of all-optical CNNs. This paper proposes two types of optical architectures to perform the average pooling operation based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms, where the basic optical elements are Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). Then, the OCNN is constructed with these two pooling architectures embedded separately, in addition to an optical convolutional layer and a fully connected optical layer. With an ex situ training procedure, the OCNNs with either of these two pooling architectures exhibit a high classification accuracy of ∼98% on the MNIST dataset. When imprecision is introduced in the optical components, the component imprecision of the pooling layer has a much smaller impact on the OCNN’s classification accuracy than those of the other layers. This is especially true for the OCNN with the FFT pooling architecture, which exhibits stronger robustness to component imprecision. Furthermore, OCNNs with these two pooling architectures are trained separately on-chip. The results indicate that, when the component imprecisions of MZIs exceed a certain threshold (the standard deviation of phase noise >0.013), the on-chip trained OCNN exhibits significantly higher classification accuracy than the ex situ trained OCNN. Our proposed optical pooling architectures would contribute to the realization of all-optical CNN for further research.
Evaluation of dynamic cerebrovascular autoregulation during liver transplantation
Authors: Wolpert Bente Marei , Rothgerber David Jonas , Rosner Ann Kristin , Brunier Malte , Kuchen Robert , Schramm Patrick , Griemert Eva-Verena 
Published: July 2024

Background
Cerebrovascular autoregulation in patients with acute and chronic liver failure is often impaired, yet an intact autoregulation is essential for the demand-driven supply of oxygenated blood to the brain. It is unclear, whether there is a connection between cerebrovascular autoregulation during liver transplantation (LTX) and the underlying disease, and if perioperative anesthesiologic consequences can result from this.

Methods
In this prospective observational pilot study, data of twenty patients (35% female) undergoing LTX were analyzed. Cerebral blood velocity was measured using transcranial doppler sonography and was correlated with arterial blood pressure. The integrity of dynamic cerebrovascular autoregulation (dCA) was evaluated in the frequency domain through transfer function analysis (TFA). Standard clinical parameters were recorded. Mixed one-way ANOVA and generalized estimating equations were fitted to data involving repeated measurements on the same patient. For all other correlation analyses, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (Spearman’s-Rho) was used.

Results
Indications of impaired dCA are seen in frequency domain during different phases of LTX. No correlation was found between various parameter of dCA and primary disease, delirium, laboratory values, length of ICU or hospital stay, mortality or surgical technique.

Conclusions
Although in most cases the dCA has been impaired during LTX, the heterogeneity of the underlying diseases seems to be too diverse to draw valid conclusions from this observational pilot study.
Effect of photobiomodulation on lower urinary tract dysfunction in rat cystitis model
Authors: Ishibashi Naoya , Uchiyama Tomoyuki , Tao Shinichi 
Published: July 2024

Objective
Photobiomodulation selectively controls the activity of the sensory nervous system associated with A-delta and C fibers. Hypersensitivity involving the afferent A-delta and C fibers occurs in cystitis and decreases urinary function. This study aimed to investigate the effect of photobiomodulation on urinary storage dysfunction and voiding functions in cystitis model rats.

Methods
We prepared the rat cystitis model. Under anesthesia, a cannula was connected to the bladder via a ventral incision. 0.3% acetic acid or saline was injected into the bladder. Continuous cystometry was performed, measuring bladder pressure and voiding urine volume with rats freely mobile. Laser irradiation was applied to the L6 lumbosacral intervertebral foramen using an 830 nm laser. Residual urine was extracted post-cystometry.

Results
In the rat cystitis model groups, there was a significant decrease in the voiding interval and volume compared to the group receiving normal saline infusion. After sham or laser irradiation, only the group with laser irradiation showed a significant increase in voiding interval (217%, p = 0.0002) and voiding volume (192%, p = 0.0012) in the parameters of storage dysfunction. The basal pressure, intravesical pressure, and residual urine volume remained unchanged in all groups before and after irradiation.

Conclusions
This study indicates that photobiomodulation may improve urine storage dysfunction without exacerbating voiding function in a rat model of cystitis. Thus, photobiomodulation may be a new treatment option for the hypersensitivity and detrusor overactivity caused by cystitis.