bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Rattus rattus fleas invasive? Evaluation of flea communities in invasive and native rodents in Chile
Authors: Lizama‐Schmeisser Nicol , de Castro Elaine Serafin , Espinoza‐Carniglia Mario , Herrera Yessica , Silva‐de La Fuente María Carolina , Lareschi Marcela , Moreno Lucila 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCo‐invasion, characterized by the simultaneous introduction of hosts and parasites with the latter establishing themselves in native hosts, is a phenomenon of ecological concern. Rattus rattus, a notorious invasive species, has driven the extinction and displacement of numerous avian and mammalian species and serves as a key vector for diseases affecting both humans and wildlife. Among the parasites hosted by R. rattus are fleas, which exhibit obligate parasitic behaviour, a generalist nature and high prevalence, increasing the likelihood of flea invasion. Simultaneously, invasive species can serve as hosts for native parasites, leading to potential amplification or dilution of parasite populations in the environment. In Chile, R. rattus has been present since the 17th century because of the arrival of the Spanish colonizers through the ports and has spread throughout urban, rural and wild Chilean territories. This study aims to evaluate whether co‐invasion of native fleas of invasive rats occurs on native rodents in Chile and to determine whether black rats have acquired flea native to Chile during their invasion. For this, we captured 1132 rodents from 26 localities (20° S–53° S). Rattus rattus was found coexisting with 11 native rodent species and two species of introduced rodents. Among the native rodents, Abrothrix olivacea and Oligoryzomys longicaudatus exhibited more extensive sympatry with R. rattus. We identified 14 flea species associated with R. rattus, of which only three were native to rats: Xenopsylla cheopis, Leptopsylla segnis and Nosopsyllus fasciatus. These three species presented a higher parasite load in black rats compared to native fleas. Leptopsylla segnis and N. fasciatus were also found associated with native rodent species that cohabit with R. rattus. The remaining species associated with R. rattus were fleas of native rodents, although they were less abundant compared to those associated with native rodents, except for Neotyphloceras pardinasi and Sphinctopsylla ares. Although there has been evidence of flea transmission from rats to native species, the prevalence and abundance were relatively low. Therefore, it cannot be definitively concluded that these fleas have established themselves in native rodent populations, and hence, they cannot be classified as invasive fleas. This study underscores R. rattus’ adaptability to diverse environmental and geographical conditions in Chile, including its capacity to acquire fleas from native rodents. This aspect has critical implications for public health, potentially facilitating the spread of pathogens across various habitats where these rats are found.
The Last Bastion is Falling: Survey Evidence of the New Family Reality in Italy
Authors: Aassve Arnstein , Mencarini Letizia , Pirani Elena , Vignoli Daniele 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe study makes use of the 2016 Household Multipurpose Survey of Family, Social Subjects, and Life Cycle to demonstrate that family‐related behavior is now rapidly changing in Italy. The country is often taken as a stronghold of traditionalism. We, instead, highlight recent and substantial changes in cohabitation, dissolution, and nonmarital fertility in the country. In doing so, we carefully assess the predictions made by the Second Demographic Transition (SDT) and show that trends in Italy are monotonically moving in the direction of the SDT. There are, though, important differences across educational groups and regions, that is, family‐related behavior is also changing in the South of Italy in much the same way but not at the same speed as in the rest of the country.
Investigating perceived core disaster competencies of nurses in Iran: A case study of northwest hospitals
Authors: Ziapour Arash , Darabi Fatemeh , Rostami Fatemeh , Motevaseli Sayeh , Sharma Manoj , Chaboksavar Fakhreddin , Yildirim Murat , Kianipour Neda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimThis study was carried out to investigate the perception of the main competencies of disaster management in Iranian emergency department nurses in 2023 in hospitals affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences.The present study was conducted to explore the perceived core disaster competencies in nurses of hospitals affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2023.BackgroundDue to the rise in natural disasters, their escalating severity and associated regulatory response necessitate a closer look at the preparedness and core competencies of nursing personnel. The main competencies of nurses are necessary to deal with disasters in unexpected events, and they are expected to use their professional expertise to provide the required nursing services to reduce the risks caused by disasters.MethodologyThis descriptive‐analytical study was conducted cross‐sectionally between May and September 2023. In the study, a sample of 384 nurses working in the departments of four hospitals affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences was selected through a random stratification. The data collection instrument was a 45‐item scale of nursesʼ perceived core competencies (NPDCC) in handling disasters. The data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and independent samples t‐test. The significance level was set at 5%.ResultsThe mean total score of perceived core disaster competencies was 139.11 ± 37.65. The technical skills subscale got the highest score (51.81 ± 11.28) and critical thinking skills received the lowest (9.74 ± 3.92). Also, “technical skills” had the highest average and “critical thinking skills” had the lowest average in all three age groups. The results found a significant difference between the scores of nurses in perceived core disaster competencies in age groups, work environments, education degrees, marital statuses, and experiences of attending disaster workshops (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsThe results showed that nurses had different levels of core disaster competencies in the department. There are gaps in the core disaster nursing competencies that need to be filled. Nursing managers should consistently evaluate the core nursing competencies to achieve efficacious disaster preparedness. To this aim, it is recommended that authorities implement training courses and programs to enhance the preparedness of nurses in responding to disasters.
Phenotypic plasticity rather than ecotypic differentiation explains the broad realized niche of a Neotropical orchid species
Authors: de Lima T. M. , da Silva S. F. , Sánchez‐Vilas J. , Júnior W. L. S. , Mayer J. L. S. , Ribeiro R. V. , Pinheiro F. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Local adaptation is common in plant species, and knowing whether a population is locally adapted has fundamental and applied relevance. However, local adaptation in tropical plants remains largely less studied, and covering this gap is not simple since reciprocal transplantation – the gold standard for detecting local adaptation – is not feasible for most species. Here, we combined genetic, climatic and phenotypic data to investigate ecotypic differentiation, an important aspect of local adaptation, in coastal and inland populations of the orchid Epidendrum fulgens Brongn., a long‐lived tropical plant for which reciprocal transplantation would not be feasible.
We used nine microsatellite markers to estimate genetic divergence between inland and coastal populations. Moreover, occurrence data and climate data were used to test for differences in the realized niche of those populations. Finally, we assessed saturated water content, leaf specific area, height, and stomatal density in common garden and in situ to investigate the effects of ecotypic differentiation and plasticity on the phenotype.
Coastal and inland groups' niches do not overlap, the former occupying a wetter and warmer area. However, this differentiation does not seem to be driven by ecotypic differentiation since there was no positive correlation between genetic structure and climate dissimilarity. Moreover, specific leaf area and leaf saturated water content, which are important phenotypic traits related to soil fertility and drought stress, were rather plastic.
We conclude that ecotypic differentiation is absent, since phenotypic plasticity is an important mechanism explaining the niche broadness of this species.
Improved livestock production system and welfare in rural Ethiopia
Authors: Ahmed Musa Hasen , Tesfaye Wondimagegn Mesfin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile a lot has been written on the socio‐economic and welfare impacts of agricultural technologies, there has been a bias toward crop production systems to the neglect of improved livestock production methods and technologies. This paper explores the welfare impacts of improved livestock production practices and technologies using data from a low‐income country. Using an econometrics technique that corrects selection bias, the paper shows that the adoption of improved livestock production practices has a positive impact on household welfare, measured by consumption expenditure and diet quality. The study also identified increased consumption of animal source foods, reducing animal death and income from the sale of animals as potential mechanisms through which such improvements in livestock production affect family welfare.
Antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase in intravenous immunoglobulin preparations can affect the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Miyamoto Tatsuki , Fukunaga Yuki , Munakata Ai , Murai Katsushi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIntravenous immunoglobulins (IVIgs) contain various autoantibodies, including those against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADAb), a valuable biomarker of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Passive transfer of GADAb from IVIgs to patients poses a risk of misdiagnosis, and information on the specific titres of GADAb and their impact on diagnostic accuracy remains limited. This study aimed to provide further insights into the origin of GADAb detected in patient serum following IVIg infusion.Materials and MethodsGADAb titres in IVIg products from Japan and the United States were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay‐based assays. For reliable quantification, GADAb titres in pooled plasma were quantified and compared with those in the IVIg products. The determined titres were used to estimate the likelihood of passively detecting acquired GADAb in individuals receiving IVIgs.ResultsGADAbs were prevalent in IVIg products; however, the titres varied significantly among different lots and products. Importantly, IVIg‐derived GADAb was estimated to remain detectable in patient serum for up to 100 days following a dosage of 2000 mg/kg.ConclusionClinicians should consider that IVIg preparations may contain GADAb, which can lead to false‐positive results in serological assays. Careful interpretation of the assay results is key to the definitive diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Extent, range, and nature of studies examining sleep in nurses: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Baljak Gabriele Raine , Marnie Casey , Clarke Jarrod , Peters Micah D.J. , Matricciani Lisa 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
This scoping review aims to comprehensively map the extent, range, and nature of studies that examine the various dimensions of nurses’ sleep across all health care settings or countries.

Introduction:
Over the past 2 decades, the importance of sleep for nurses has gained increasing attention from health care administrators, researchers, and policymakers. Despite growing research in the area, it remains unclear as to how research on sleep in nurses aligns with emerging concepts in sleep medicine more broadly, particularly in terms of how outcomes and predictors are associated with different dimensions of sleep.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider sources of evidence reporting on nurses who hold professional accreditation, such as a registered nurse or equivalent, regardless of career stage or specialty. This review will include primary studies that examine nurses’ sleep. All dimensions of sleep (eg, duration, timing, variability, quality, common disorders) reported objectively or subjectively will be considered for inclusion.

Methods:
This review will follow a modified version of the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and will be reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Databases to be searched include MEDLINE (Ovid), Emcare (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), and Scopus. A 3-step search strategy will be undertaken to identify primary studies published in English, with no date limit. Both double-screening and single-screening of titles and abstract records and of full-text reports will be used, with discussion to resolve any conflicts prior to single-screening. Data extraction will similarly involve duplicate extraction, followed by single extraction, with discrepancies resolved in a group meeting as needed. The data extracted will include specific details about the nursing population, sleep dimension, outcome measures, methodology, and key findings. Figurative, tabular, and accompanying narrative synthesis will be used to present the results in line with the review questions.

Review registration:
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/rzc4m
Participatory research in mental health care services in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Krishnan Naveen , Sunder Poornima , Lalachan Nithin , Mohan Monisha , Venkateswaran Chitra , John Denny 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to identify and map the characteristics of participatory research approaches in mental health care services conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Introduction:
Developing countries have a treatment gap of 76% to 85% for mental disorders. Participatory research can help understand community perspectives, which, in turn, helps develop sustainable, contextually specific services. Although participatory research appears promising, especially in the context of LMICs, the field is heterogeneous in terms of the methods used; the various stakeholders; the design, implementation, and evaluation of services; and outcome measures.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will include all studies on participatory research in mental health care services in LMICs. All types of participants (eg, children/adolescent/adults, gender, rural/urban) and settings will be considered.

Methods:
The proposed review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Published and unpublished studies will be searched for in PubMed, Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and Google Scholar (first 10 pages). We will also search for gray literature and screen reference lists of relevant systematic and scoping reviews. Two independent reviewers will screen the titles and abstracts of the studies, followed by full-text screening. Data will be extracted using a predefined form. The findings will be descriptively presented with supporting tables and diagrams, accompanied by a narrative summary.

Review registration:
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/cn54r
Learning to Allocate Time-Bound and Dynamic Tasks to Multiple Robots Using Covariant Attention Neural Networks
Authors: Paul Steve , Chowdhury Souma 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In various applications of multi-robotics in disaster response, warehouse management, and manufacturing, tasks that are known a priori and tasks added during run time need to be assigned efficiently and without conflicts to robots in the team. This multi-robot task allocation (MRTA) process presents itself as a combinatorial optimization (CO) problem that is usually challenging to be solved in meaningful timescales using typical (mixed)integer (non)linear programming tools. Building on a growing body of work in using graph reinforcement learning to learn search heuristics for such complex CO problems, this paper presents a new graph neural network architecture called the covariant attention mechanism (CAM). CAM can not only generalize but also scale to larger problems than that encountered in training, and handle dynamic tasks. This architecture combines the concept of covariant compositional networks used here to embed the local structures in task graphs, with a context module that encodes the robots’ states. The encoded information is passed onto a decoder designed using multi-head attention mechanism. When applied to a class of MRTA problems with time deadlines, robot ferry range constraints, and multi-trip settings, CAM surpasses a state-of-the-art graph learning approach based on the attention mechanism, as well as a feasible random-walk baseline across various generalizability and scalability tests. Performance of CAM is also found to be at par with a high-performing non-learning baseline called BiG-MRTA, while noting up to a 70-fold improvement in decision-making efficiency over this baseline.
Compact Heat Exchangers With Curved Fins for Hydrogen Turbofan Intercooling
Authors: Patrao Alexandre Capitao , Jonsson Isak , Xisto Carlos 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen is being considered as a possible path toward carbon-neutral aviation. There are additional advantages besides its main benefit of CO2-free combustion. One application is to use it for aero engine heat management due to its cryogenic temperature and high heat capacity, including intercooling and exhaust heat recuperation. The focus of this paper is on the design of a compact heat exchanger (HEX) integrated into an intermediate compressor duct (ICD), which could decrease compression work and specific fuel consumption (SFC). This compact heat exchanger features curved fins to promote flow turning and decrease pressure losses compared to more conventional straight fin heat exchangers. Conceptual design and duct shape optimization has been carried out which produced integrated ICD heat exchanger designs with significantly lower air-side total pressure losses compared to their conventional straight fin counterparts, which could improve system level integration and engine performance. A direct outcome of this study is a pressure loss correlation, which can be used in future engine system-level trade studies.
Characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in retail dairy products in the US
Authors: Spackman Erica , Jones Deana R. , McCoig Amber M. , Colonius Tristan J. , Goraichuk Iryna V. , Suarez David L. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

In March 2024, clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) was detected in dairy cattle in the US, and it was discovered that the virus could be detected in raw milk. Although affected cow’s milk is diverted from human consumption and current pasteurization requirements are expected to reduce or eliminate infectious HPAIV from the milk supply, a study was conducted to characterize whether the virus could be detected by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qrRT-PCR) in pasteurized retail dairy products and, if detected, to determine whether the virus was viable. From 18 April to 22 April 2024, a total of 297 samples of Grade A pasteurized retail milk products (23 product types) were collected from 17 US states that represented products from 132 processors in 38 states. Viral RNA was detected in 60 samples (20.2%), with qrRT-PCR-based quantity estimates (non-infectious) of up to 5.4log
10
50% egg infectious doses per mL, with a mean and median of 3.0log
10
/mL and 2.9log
10
/mL, respectively. Samples that were positive for type A influenza by qrRT-PCR were confirmed to be clade 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAIV by qrRT-PCR. No infectious virus was detected in any of the qrRT-PCR-positive samples in embryonating chicken eggs. Further studies are needed to monitor the milk supply, but these results provide evidence that the infectious virus did not enter the US pasteurized milk supply before control measures for HPAIV were implemented in dairy cattle.

IMPORTANCE
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infections in US dairy cattle were first confirmed in March 2024. Because the virus could be detected in raw milk, a study was conducted to determine whether it had entered the retail food supply. Pasteurized dairy products were collected from 17 states in April 2024. Viral RNA was detected in one in five samples, but infectious virus was not detected. This provides a snapshot of HPAIV in milk products early in the event and reinforces that with current safety measures, infectious viruses in milk are unlikely to enter the food supply.
Onverwacht Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa: 300 m.y. development of a Paleoarchean stagnant lid
Authors: Lowe Donald R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The 3.55–3.26 Ga Onverwacht Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa and Eswatini, records nearly 300 m.y. of Paleoarchean history dominated by basaltic, komatiitic, and felsic volcanism. It provides the oldest well-preserved record of crustal development and the nature and evolution of associated surface environments, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere on early Earth. Sedimentary layers within this 10- to 12-km-thick sequence represent a range of proximal to distal sedimentary environments relative to the centers of volcanism. Proximal deposits include coarse felsic breccias, conglomerates, and sandstones and mafic to komatiitic lapillistones that often show evidence for deposition in relatively shallow water. Distal deposits are composed of fine pyroclastic debris, chemical sediments, and biogenic materials deposited under subaqueous conditions during local volcanic quiescence. They show abundant current-produced features and are interpreted to have formed at water depths of a few hundred meters or less under the influence of tidal and/or ocean-circulation currents. Terrigenous clastic sediments formed by the weathering and erosion of older rocks are essentially absent. The Onverwacht Group was deposited under marine conditions on what appears to have been a water world with little evidence of large land areas and no evidence of active tectonism. It is interpreted to represent the upper part of a Paleoarchean stagnant lid overlying but decoupled from an active mantle. The Barberton Greenstone Belt and other Paleoarchean terranes offer a view of this lid over the past 300 m.y. of its development and during the early stages of its fragmentation and disruption.