bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical and electrical studies of transparent conductive AZO and ITO sputtered thin films for CIGS photovoltaics
Authors: Mereu R. A. , Marchionna S. , Donne A. Le , Ciontea L. , Binetti S. , Acciarri M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDue to the many advantages of aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) as an alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO), the optical and electrical properties of AZO thin films deposited on large substrates by D.C. pulsed magnetron sputtering have been investigated in view of future industrial applications. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of AZO thin films as transparent conductive oxide (TCO), their properties have been compared with those of standard ITO grown with the same technique. The effect of the thickness on the optical properties revealed higher transmittance values for AZO (T>86%) than for ITO (T>83%) films. The best resistivity values obtained for AZO were about 9.7×10–4 Ωcm versus 5.09×10–4 Ωcm measured for ITO films. Moreover, it was observed that the film resistivity is significantly influenced by the working pressure in the case of AZO films while the ITO resistivity appears almost unaffected. Finally, since both the optical and electrical properties are influenced by the film thickness, it was crucial to determine the proper AZO thickness in order to obtain the optimum of electrical and optical properties for the photovoltaic applications. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Concentration determination and activation of rare earth dopants in zinc oxide thin films
Authors: Ziani A. , Tempez A. , Frilay C. , Davesnne C. , Labbé C. , Marie Ph. , Legendre S. , Portier X. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we will present the development of rare‐earth (RE) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) films for white light emitting diodes (LED). We will present the structural changes of these films as well as their optical properties and associated photoluminescence before and after rapid thermal treatments. We will report depth profile results from plasma profiling time of flight mass spectrometry (PP‐TOFMS) giving the distributions and concentrations of the different elements in the films. We will correlate depth profile and luminescence data to understand the RE emission mechanisms in ZnO matrix. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of annealing in Zn vapor on the luminescence of MgZnO ceramics
Authors: Markevich I. , Stara T. , Kolomys O. , Romanyuk A. S. , Strelchuk V. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractZnO‐based compounds that exhibit a number of strongly overlapping emission bands in visible spectral region are promising materials for white‐light emitters with continuous emission spectrum. Defect‐related emission in doped with different impurities ZnO, however, spreads from green to red spectral region, so its shift toward shorter wavelengths is required. We supposed that this problem can be solved due to broadening of ZnO band gap by alloying ZnO with MgO. The enhancement of visible emission brightness is also an important problem. In this work, MgxZn1‐xO ceramics with x =0 and x=0.2 were sintered both in air and Zn vapor at 950 oC. Emission and Raman scattering spectra were measured at 300 K using 325 nm line of He‐Cd laser as excitation source. In samples sintered in air, bright UV emission and weak visible one took place, adding MgO to ZnO resulting in blue‐shift of the latter. Sintering in Zn vapor was found to weaken UV emission and to increase drastically the brightness of visible one especially in blue‐green spectral region. As a result, bright blue radiation was observed from MgZnO ceramics under excitation by considerably week UV light. Obtained effects were accounted for by the shift of “green” centers energetic level with respect to involved band edge as a result of band‐gap broadening and by the increase of this center density due to annealing in Zn vapor. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural, electrical and optical properties of zinc‐iridium oxide thin films deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering
Authors: Zubkins Martins , Kalendarev Roberts , Gabrusenoks Jevgenijs , Vilnis Kaspars , Azens Andris , Purans Juris 
Published: May 2014

AbstractZnO‐IrO2 thin films were deposited on glass by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at room tem‐perature. Structural, electrical and optical properties were investigated as a function of iridium atomic concentra‐tion in the films. XRD data shows that ZnO‐IrO2 thin films are X‐ray amorphous and Raman spectrum resembles the spectrum of IrO2, without any distinct features of wurtzite ZnO structure. The lowest film resistivity and the highest transmittance achieved in the present study were 1.4 × 10‐3 Ωcm and 33% at 550 nm, respectively. However, resistivity and transmittance are inversely related to the iridium concentration in the films.
LEDs based on p‐type ZnO nanowires synthesized by electrochemical deposition method
Authors: Kapustianyk V. , Turko B. , Luzinov I. , Rudyk V. , Tsybulskyi V. , Malynych S. , Rudyk Yu. , Savchak M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe data concerning the light‐emitting diodes based on ZnO homojunction with ITO/n ‐ZnO/p ‐ZnO+photoresist/Au/Ti and ITO/n ‐ZnO/p ‐ZnO+pho‐toresist+PEDOT:PSS/Au/Ti structures are reported. The p ‐ZnO nanowires were grown by electrochemical deposition method. It is suggested that the p ‐type conductivity first of all is connected with the zinc vacancies VZn. The clear rectifying behavior was observed on the current‐voltage curve of the ZnO p ‐n homojunction. The broad electroluminescence (EL) emission bands in the blue, green and red regions lead to observation of the white light by a naked eye under forward bias. The intrinsic defects such as Zni, VZn, Vo and Oi would be responsible for occurrence of these bands. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Dragonfly Association Index (Insecta: Odonata)—a Tool for the Type‐Specific Assessment of Lowland Rivers
Authors: Chovanec A. , Schindler M. , Waringer J. , Wimmer R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSpecies traits of 57 Odonata species occurring in the Austrian bioregion Eastern Ridges and Lowlands (ecoregion Hungarian Lowlands; Illies, ) were defined by factor loadings of 12 habitat parameters: stream sections crenon, rhithron and potamon; flow velocity; standing water; temporary water; size of water body; open water; open banks; submerged macrophytes; reed; and riparian trees. On the basis of the species‐specific configurations of these habitat parameters, cluster analysis revealed seven dragonfly associations with different habitat needs: association of open waters, association of sparsely vegetated banks, association of reed and riparian trees, association of reed and submerged macrophytes, association of temporary waters, rhithron association and potamon association. Correlations between the associations' habitat requirements and the habitat parameters of the seven (near‐)natural river types, which are present in this bioregion were performed to define river type‐specific association compositions. From these results, a dragonfly association index was created to assess the ecological status of these rivers within the five‐tiered system of the European Union Water Framework Directive, emphasizing hydro‐morphological aspects by comparing the type‐specific reference situation with the actual status quo of dragonfly colonization. The method was applied at different rivers, particularly for the purpose of evaluating restoration measures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Making air traffic surveillance more reliable: a new authentication framework for automatic dependent surveillance‐broadcast (ADS‐B) based on online/offline identity‐based signature
Authors: Baek Joonsang , Byon Young‐ji , Hableel Eman , Al‐Qutayri Mahmoud 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAutomatic dependent surveillance‐broadcast is an emerging surveillance technology for the future “e‐enabled” aircrafts, which will make it possible for aircrafts to share their location data with neighboring aircrafts, ground controllers, and other interested parties. In order to provide the automatic dependent surveillance‐broadcast communications with a high level of accuracy and integrity, a reliable authentication mechanism is required. So far, however, very few cryptographic solutions have been offered to achieve this in the literature. Even existing solutions have faced the following challenges: (i) the authentication solutions based on regular digital signature require complex management of public‐key infrastructureell; and (ii) signing messages exchanged or broadcast frequently in aircraft‐to‐aircraft and aircraft‐to‐ground communication modes can cause a computational bottleneck easily. In order to address these challenges, we take a fresh approach to building up an authentication framework by introducing a new online/offline identity‐based signature scheme. Our scheme will resolve the public‐key infrastructure management issue by using the identities of aircrafts as public keys and will achieve a high efficiency through online/offline signature generation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new efficient signcryption scheme in the standard model
Authors: Yang Zheng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe introduce an efficient signcryption scheme for hybrid authenticated encryption that is provably secure in the standard model under a strong multiuser insider setting. Our new signcryption scheme is built on the basis of a variant of Boneh–Boyen short signature, which works under bilinear groups. The new construction idea is to reuse the signature value to derive the encryption key. This could dramatically save not only the computational cost but also the communication bandwidth. The session key security of the proposed scheme is reduced to a hard problem that is a variant of bilinear decisional Diffie–Hellman problem. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aerodynamic response of an airfoil section undergoing pitch motion and trailing edge flap deflection: a comparison of simulation methods
Authors: Bergami Leonardo , Riziotis Vasilis A. , Gaunaa Mac 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe study presents and compares aerodynamic simulations for an airfoil section with an adaptive trailing edge flap, which deflects following a smooth deformation shape. The simulations are carried out with three substantially different methods: a Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes solver, a viscous–inviscid interaction method and an engineering dynamic stall model suitable for implementation in aeroelastic codes based on blade element momentum theory. The aerodynamic integral forces and pitching moment coefficients are first determined in steady conditions, at angles of attack spanning from attached flow to separated conditions and accounting for the effects of flap deflection; the steady results from the Navier–Stokes solver and the viscous–inviscid interaction method are used as input data for the simpler dynamic stall model. The paper characterizes then the dynamics of the unsteady forces and moments generated by the airfoil undergoing harmonic pitching motions and harmonic flap deflections. The unsteady aerodynamic coefficients exhibit significant variations over the corresponding steady‐state values. The dynamic characteristics of the unsteady response are predicted with an excellent agreement among the investigated methods at attached flow conditions, both for airfoil pitching and flap deflection. At high angles of attack, where flow separation is encountered, the methods still depict similar overall dynamics, but larger discrepancies are reported, especially for the simpler engineering method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized Clinical Trial: Nasoenteric Tube or Jejunostomy as a Route for Nutrition After Major Upper Gastrointestinal Operations
Authors: Torres Júnior Luiz Gonzaga , de Vasconcellos Santos Fernando Augusto , Correia Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground
Curative treatment of upper gastrointestinal tract neoplasms is complex and associated with high morbidity and mortality. In general, the patients are already malnourished, and early postoperative enteral nutrition is recommended. However, there is no consensus concerning the best enteral access route in these cases.Methods
A prospective randomized trial was performed from 2008 to 2012 with 59 patients who underwent esophagectomy, total gastrectomy, or pancreaticoduodenectomy. In all, 4 patients declined to participate, and 13 did not meet the inclusion criteria and were excluded. Of the 42 included patients, 21 had nasoenteric tubes, and 21 had a jejunostomy.ResultsThe two groups were similar in demographic and clinical aspects. The nasoenteric (NE) and jejunostomy groups underwent early enteral therapy in 71 and 62 % of cases (p > 0.05), respectively. The median length of enteral therapy use was less in the NE group (5.0 vs. 8.5 days), but the difference was not statistically significant. The NE group required introduction of parenteral therapy more frequently than the jejunostomy group (p < 0.05). Complications related to the enteral route occurred in 38.0 and 28.5 % of patients (p > 0.05) in the NE and jejunostomy groups, respectively. In the NE group, there were four losses and four tube obstructions. In the jejunostomy group, there were two losses, four obstructions, and two cases of leakage around the tube. In the latter group, patients who underwent therapy for a longer time had tubal complications (p < 0.05) and longer intensive care unit and hospital stays (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe two enteral routes were associated with the same number of complications. However, the presence of a jejunostomy allowed enteral therapy for longer periods, especially in patients with complications, thus avoiding the need for parenteral nutrition.
Antireflux Surgery for Dysplastic Barrett
Authors: Allaix Marco E. , Patti Marco G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIntroductionBarrett’s esophagus (BE) is the result of continuous injury of the esophageal mucosa by gastric refluxate. This condition can progress to low‐grade (LGD) and high‐grade dysplasia (HGD) and eventually to adenocarcinoma. While excellent results are reported in terms of reflux and symptom control in patients with BE undergoing antireflux surgery (ARS), the impact of a fundoplication on progression and regression of dysplasia is debated. The aim of this article is to review the effects of ARS on regression and progression of LGD to HGD or cancer in patients with dysplastic BE.Materials and MethodsA review of the literature in PubMed/Medline electronic databases has been performed.ResultsARS might decrease but not eliminate the risk of progression to dysplasia or cancer in BE patients. ARS may promote regression of dysplastic BE only in short‐segment BE, but not in long‐segment BE. Modulation of gene expression is involved in the genesis and reversion of short‐segment intestinal metaplasia after ARS.ConclusionsClose and long‐term surveillance by 24‐hour pH monitoring and upper endoscopy is recommended in BE patients who undergo ARS to identify postoperative pathological reflux, and to early detect dysplasia or even adenocarcinoma. Further studies are requested to assess the molecular effects of ARS in dysplastic BE.
Risk Communication and Crisis Communication in Infectious Disease Outbreaks in Germany: What Is Being Done, and What Needs to be Done
Authors: Dickmann Petra , Biedenkopf Nadine , Keeping Sam , Eickmann Markus , Becker Stephan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveRisk communication plays a central role in the management of infectious disease. The World Health Organization's 2005 International Health Regulations have highlighted the need for countries to strengthen their capacities in this area to ensure effective responses to public health emergencies. We surveyed laboratories, hospitals, and public health institutions in Germany to detail the current situation regarding risk communication and crisis management and to identify which areas require further development.MethodsA mixed methods approach was adopted. An initial questionnaire was distributed to relevant persons in laboratories and hospitals, and semistructured interviews were conducted with selected participants. Representatives from state public health authorities, federal agencies, and media also were interviewed to add additional contextual information to the questionnaire responses.ResultsBased on the responses received, the universal sense among key stakeholders was that risk communication and crisis communication measures must be improved. Collaborative working was a consistent theme, with participants suggesting that a partnering strategy could help to improve performance. This approach could be achieved through better coordination between groups, for example, through a knowledge-sharing policy.ConclusionsMore research is needed on how such collaboration might be implemented, along with a general conceptual framework for risk communication to underpin the overall strategy. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6)
A force acting on an oblate spheroid with discontinuous surface temperature in a slightly rarefied gas
Authors: Aoki Kazuo , Takata Shigeru , Tomota Tatsunori 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAn oblate spheroid, the respective hemispheroids of which are kept at different uniform temperatures, placed in a rarefied gas at rest is considered. The explicit formula for the force acting on the spheroid (radiometric force) is obtained for small Knudsen numbers. This is a model of a vane of the Crookes radiometer. The analysis is performed for a general axisymmetric distribution of the surface temperature of the spheroid, allowing abrupt changes. Although the generalized slip flow theory, established by Sone (Rarefied Gas Dynamics, vol. 1, 1969, pp. 243–253), is available for general rarefied gas flows at small Knudsen numbers, it cannot be applied to the present problem because of the abrupt temperature changes. However, if it is combined with the symmetry relations for the linearized Boltzmann equation developed recently by Takata (J. Stat. Phys., vol. 136, 2009, pp. 751–784), one can bypass the difficulty. To be more specific, the force acting on the spheroid in the present problem can be generated from the solution of the adjoint problem to which the generalized slip flow theory can be applied, i.e. the problem in which the same spheroid with a uniform surface temperature is placed in a uniform flow of a rarefied gas. The analysis of the present paper follows this strategy.
Veterinary vaccines against toxoplasmosis
Authors: HISZCZYŃSKA-SAWICKA ELŻBIETA , GATKOWSKA JUSTYNA M. , GRZYBOWSKI MARCIN M. , DŁUGOŃSKA HENRYKA 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYToxoplasma gondiiis a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite that infects a wide range of mammal and bird species. Common infection leads to high economic (e.g. abortions in sheep) and human (e.g. congenital toxoplasmosis or neurotoxoplasmosis in humans) losses. With one exception (Toxovax™ for sheep), there are no vaccines to prevent human or animal toxoplasmosis. The paper presents the current state and challenges in the development of a vaccine against toxoplasmosis, designed for farm animals either bred for consumption or commonly kept on farms and involved in parasite transmission. So far, the trials have mostly revolved around conventional vaccines and, compared with the research using laboratory animals (mainly mice), they have not been very numerous. However, the results obtained are promising and could be a good starting point for developing an effective vaccine to prevent toxoplasmosis.
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT AND PERSONALIZED MEDICINE: ARE ECONOMIC EVALUATION GUIDELINES SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT DECISION MAKING?
Authors: Husereau Don , Marshall Deborah A. , Levy Adrian R. , Peacock Stuart , Hoch Jeffrey S. 
Published: May 2014

Background:Many jurisdictions delivering health care, including Canada, have developed guidance for conducting economic evaluation, often in the service of larger health technology assessment (HTA) and reimbursement processes. Like any health intervention, personalized medical (PM) interventions have costs and consequences that must be considered by reimbursement authorities with limited resources. However, current approaches to economic evaluation to support decision making have been largely developed from population-based approaches to therapy—that is, evaluating the costs and consequences of single interventions across single populations. This raises the issue as to whether these methods, as they are or more refined, are adequate to address more targeted approaches to therapy, or whether a new paradigm for assessing value in PM is required.Objectives:We describe specific issues relevant to the economic evaluation of diagnostics-based PM and assess whether current guidance for economic evaluation is sufficient to support decision making for PM interventions.Methods:Issues were identified through literature review and informal interviews with national and international experts (n= 10) in these analyses. This article elaborates on findings and discussion at a workshop held in Ottawa, Canada, in January 2012.Results: Specific issues related to better guiding economic evaluation of personalized medicine interventions include: how study questions are developed, populations are characterized, comparators are defined, effectiveness is evaluated, outcomes are valued and how resources are measured. Diagnostics-based PM also highlights the need for analyses outside of economic evaluation to support decision making.Conclusions: The consensus of this group of experts is that the economic evaluation of diagnostics-based PM may not require a new paradigm. However, greater complexity means that existing approaches and tools may require improvement to undertake these more analyses.
Foraging ecology and time budgets of non-breeding shorebirds in coastal Cuba
Authors: Nol Erica , MacCulloch Kate , Pollock Lisa , McKinnon Laura 
Published: May 2014

Abstract:During the non-breeding season, shorebirds, a large and important group of wetland vertebrates, divide their time between foraging, resting and maintenance activities. We examined factors affecting time budgets, foraging techniques and rates, and spacing patterns of 14 to 92 individuals each of 10 shorebird species spending the non-breeding season in Cayo Guillermo, Cuba. We hypothesized that all species would spend the majority of their time foraging. Time spent foraging ranged from 20–85% of total time and was significantly negatively related to average body size. Apparent aggression (e.g. chasing or being chased) occurred in < 10% of individuals in all species and was not related to maximum counts of conspecifics. Aggression was most common in the black-necked stilt but did not vary in frequency as a function of activity. Vigilance varied in occurrence from 0–53% of individuals, but the frequency was not related to maximum counts. Intraspecific distances were generally greater between foraging than non-foraging birds. For most species interspecific distances were similar to intraspecific distances during foraging but greater than intraspecific differences during non-foraging, suggesting some overlap in foraging habitat and niche partitioning during non-foraging. Shorebirds that used primarily tactile techniques foraged closer together than primarily visual foragers. Low rates of aggression, as an index of potential competition, suggest that species-specific energy requirements rather than competitive interactions are the main determinants of foraging behaviour on these tropical non-breeding grounds.