bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicultural ethics and diversity discourse
Authors: M.L. Wallace Heather , F. Hoover Kristine , B. Pepper Molly 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– Responses to diversity management have resulted in disappointment to many organizations (Cox, 2001). Previous work has situated rational for diversity in deontological ethics by equality scholars, while the business case for diversity has commonly rested on utilitarian ethics (van Dijket al., 2012). The purpose of this paper is to examine a possible shift in rational for diversity – to explore if and how the ethic of care has been utilized in the diversity statements of companies earning recognition as one of the “100 Best Companies to Work For” in 2012.Design/methodology/approach– This study utilized visual rhetoric analysis and was designed to examine multiple elements of these diversity statements as published in the company web sites, including presence of the ethic of care, visual communication, and logistics.Findings– Of note are the results of the presence of the ethic of care as a primary or secondary rationale in 70 percent of the statements studied. Statistically significant results were found in the number of images of people from diverse backgrounds, as well as levels pleasantness and activation of the tone of the ethics statements.Originality/value– This study contributes to a better understanding of identifiable characteristics of these diversity statements at organizations which have been identified by their employees and the Great Place to Work Institute.
Achieving alliance ambidexterity through managing paradoxes of cooperation
Authors: Sun Biao , Lo Yi-Ju 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to define co-exploitation, co-exploration, and alliance ambidexterity from the perspective of organizational learning; to analyze how knowledge bases, structural arrangements, and control mechanisms of R&D alliances influence co-exploitation and co-exploration; and to discuss how to achieve alliance ambidexterity by managing paradoxes around knowledge bases, structural arrangements, and control mechanisms.Design/methodology/approach– This is a conceptual paper focussing on how to balance exploitation and exploration at the alliance level through managing three paradoxes of cooperation: similarity vs complementarity, integration vs modularity, and contracts vs trust.Findings– While technological similarity, structural integration, and contracts are more likely to promote co-exploitation, technological complementarity, structural modularity, and trust are more likely to facilitate co-exploration. Alliance ambidexterity, which is beneficial for alliance performance, derives from either the combination of technological complementarity, structural integration, and contracts, or the combination of technological similarity, structural modularity, and trust temporally.Research limitations/implications– Researchers should analyze the possibility of building alliance ambidexterity in other types of interorganizational relationships, and find other possible antecedents of interorganizational learning.Practical implications– Managers should not simply treat R&D alliances as one of exploratory interorganizational relationships, but pay equal attention to co-exploitation and co-exploration. To achieve this balance, practitioners should combine technological complementarity with structural integration and contracts, or integrate technological similarity with structural modularity and trust.Originality/value– This paper is one of the first contributions that analyze how an R&D alliance could gain its ambidexterity through the management of nested cooperation paradoxes.
The place of communities of practice in knowledge management studies: a critical review
Authors: Bolisani Ettore , Scarso Enrico 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– Since its introduction, the notion of Communities of Practice (CoPs) has gained immediate popularity, especially among Knowledge Management scholars. The paper aims at reviewing the past and discussing what has been done. In particular the purposes are: to assess the importance of CoPs in the KM literature; to trace how this notion is defined and used, both in practical and theoretical terms; to classify the approaches used by KM research on CoPs; to discuss the results that research and practice in CoPs have led so far, the open issues, and the potential role of this notion in a future KM research agenda.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper illustrates and discusses the findings of a systematic literature review on CoPs focusing on papers published in the most influential Knowledge Management and Intellectual Capital Journals.

Findings
– The study analyses 82 articles published in 12 different KM and IC leading journals from 1997 to 2012. Each article was examined to determine the following information: type of study; domain of application; research methodology applied and addressed topic. Emerging trends, open questions and further research needs are identified and discussed. In particular, an issue for researchers is the necessity to formulate an agreed definition of CoPs under the KM umbrella, which can also help to implement comparable empirical studies and to build theories that provide understanding of how CoPs can be managed.

Practical implications
– The outcomes of the review is particularly important for KM scholars dealing with CoPs, who can find suggestions for their future research. It can also provide food for thought to practitioners, by illustrating the state-of-the-art and prospects of this important organisational form. In addition, the paper highlights that, despite the huge amount of studies on this topic, the notion of CoP is still used in different ways and the specific experience of each company is difficult to generalise and transfer to other cases.

Originality/value
– This is the most up-to-date analysis of research on CoPs in its elective field of application that is Knowledge Management.
Regulation of Epstein–Barr virus reactivation from latency
Authors: Murata Takayuki 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human gamma‐herpesvirus that is implicated in various types of proliferative diseases. Upon infection, it predominantly establishes latency in B cells and cannot ever be eradicated; it persists for the host's lifetime. Reactivation of the virus from latency depends on expression of the viral immediate‐early gene, BamHI Z fragment leftward open reading frame 1 (BZLF1). The BZLF1 promoter normally exhibits only low basal activity but is activated in response to chemical or biological inducers, such as 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate, calcium ionophore, histone deacetylase inhibitor, or anti‐Ig. Transcription from the BZLF1 promoter is activated by myocyte enhancer factor 2, specificity protein 1, b‐Zip type transcription factors and mediating epigenetic modifications of the promoter, such as histone acetylation and H3K4me3. In contrast, repression of the promoter is mediated by transcriptional suppressors, such as ZEB, ZIIR‐BP, and jun dimerization protein 2, causing suppressive histone modifications like histone H3K27me3, H3K9me2/3 and H4K20me3. Interestingly, there is little CpG DNA methylation of the promoter, indicating that DNA methylation is not crucial for suppression of BZLF1. This review will focus on the molecular mechanisms by which the EBV lytic switch is controlled and discuss the physiological significance of this switching for its survival and oncogenesis.
Species and endosymbiont diversity of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on vegetable crops in Senegal
Authors: Hélène Delatte , Rémy Baudin , Nathalie Becker , Anne‐Laure Girard , Traoré Ramatoulaye Sidebe , Jean‐Michel Lett , Bernard Reynaud 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBemisia tabaci‐transmitted geminiviruses are one of the major threats on cassava and vegetable crops in Africa. However, to date, few studies are available on the diversity of B. tabaci and their associated endosymbionts in Africa. More than 28 species have been described in the complex of B. tabaci cryptic species; among them, 2 are invasive pests worldwide: MED and MEAM1. In order to assess the species diversity of B. tabaci in vegetable crops in Senegal, several samplings in different localities, hosts and seasons were collected and analyzed with nuclear (microsatellite) and mitochondrial (COI) markers. The bacterial endosymbiont community was also studied for each sample. Two species were detected: MED Q1 and MEAM1 B. Patterns of MED Q1 (dominance on most of the samples and sites, highest nuclear and mitochondrial diversity and broader secondary endosymbiont community: Hamiltonella, Cardinium, Wolbachia and Rickettsia), point toward a predominant resident begomovirus vector group for MED Q1 on market gardening crops. Furthermore, the lower prevalence of the second species MEAM1 B, its lower nuclear and mitochondrial diversity and a narrower secondary endosymbiont community (Hamiltonella/Rickettsia), indicate that this genetic group is exotic and results from a recent invasion in this area.
Antioxidant Properties of Isolated Compounds from Banana Rhizome
Authors: Kandasamy Saravanan , Baggu Chinnababu , Javagal Manjunatha Rangaswamy , Lingamallu Jaganmohan Rao , Yenamandra Venkateswarlu , Aradhya Somaradhya Mallikarjuna 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this study, we attempted to explore banana rhizome (BR) as a source of natural bioactive compounds. Dried BR powder was subjected to sequential extraction using solvents with increasing polarity and studied for antioxidant activities. Chloroform and acetone extracts were selected for isolation and identification of bioactive compounds because of their high antioxidant properties. Antioxidant activity guided fractionation of these extracts yielded 3 compounds. The spectroscopy studies revealed the identity of isolated compounds as 4‐epicyclomusalenone, cycloeucalenol acetate and chlorogenic acid. Polyphenolic compound chlorogenic acid and triterpenoid compounds, 4‐cyclomusalenone and cycloeucalenol acetate displayed multifunctional antioxidant activity.Practical ApplicationThe isolated compounds namely 4‐epicyclomusalenone, cycloeucalenol acetate and chlorogenic acid have demonstrated their antioxidant properties in different in vitro assay models. The present study indicated that the vast quantity of banana rhizome which was incinerated could be a potential source of natural antioxidant compounds. This can also be used in the food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
State of the Art in Gluten‐Free Research
Authors: O'Shea Norah , Arendt Elke , Gallagher Eimear 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCeliac disease (CD) is widespread and is often under diagnosed. It can affect a variety of genetically susceptible people from the young to the old. Presently, the only treatment for celiac patients is lifelong avoidance of any food, drink, sauce, or dressing containing gluten. Scientists and technologists continue in their quest to improve the quality of gluten‐free products. Their main goal is to create a product of a similar standard to the gluten‐containing products, currently on the market. However, the quality of these products still tends to be poor. Bread products have a low volume, pale crust, crumbly texture, bland flavor and a high rate of staling. Other gluten‐free products contain minimal nutrition and substandard product characteristics, for example, pasta having an inferior texture, sauces which separate more easily. The main focus of this review is to discuss the most recent advances in gluten‐free research which have arisen between the years 2011 and 2013. In particular, the manuscript focuses on ingredients and processing methods which have been documented to develop or improve the processing characteristics and nutritional properties of gluten‐free products.
Simultaneous Determination of 15 Phenolic Constituents of Chinese Black Rice Wine by HPLC‐MS/MS with SPE
Authors: Wang Yutang , Liu Yuanyuan , Xiao Chunxia , Liu Laping , Hao Miao , Wang Jianguo , Liu Xuebo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study established a new method for quantitative and qualitative determination of certain components in black rice wine, a traditional Chinese brewed wine. Specifically, we combined solid‐phase extraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to determine 8 phenolic acids, 3 flavonols, and 4 anthocyanins in black rice wine. First, we clean samples with OASIS HLB cartridges and optimized extraction parameters. Next, we performed separation on a SHIM‐PACK XR‐ODS column (I.D. 3.0 mm × 75 mm, 2.2 μm particle size) with a gradient elution of 50% aqueous acetonitrile (V/V) and water, both containing 0.2% formic acid. We used multiple‐reaction monitoring scanning for quantification, with switching electrospray ion source polarity between positive and negative modes in a single chromatographic run. We detected 15 phenolic compounds properly within 38 min under optimized conditions. Limits of detection ranged from 0.008 to 0.030 mg/L, and average recoveries ranged from 60.8 to 103.1% with relative standard deviation ≤8.6%. We validated the method and found it to be sensitive and reliable for quantifying phenolic compounds in rice wine matrices.
Comparison of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography in detection of tumor recurrence in posttreatment of glioma: A diagnostic meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaoyue , Hu Xudong , Xie Peng , Li Wanhu , Li Xiaoling , Ma Li 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIt is important to distinguish between tumor recurrence and treatment effects in posttreatment patients with high‐grade gliomas. Several imaging modalities have been reported in differentiating between tumor recurrence and treatment effects. However, there were no consistent conclusions between different studies. We performed a meta‐analysis of 23 studies that compared the diagnostic values of fluorine‐18‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) and 11C‐methionine (11C‐MET) PET (positron emission tomography) or PET/CT (computed tomography) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in predicting tumor recurrence of gliomas. The pooled estimated sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios, negative likelihood ratios and summary receiver operating characteristic curves of 18F‐FDG and 11C‐MET PET or PET/CT and MRS in detecting tumor recurrence were calculated. In conclusion, MRS is highly sensitive in the detection of tumor recurrence in glioma.18F‐FDG PET or PET/CT is highly specific in recurrence diagnosis. 11C‐MET does not have noticeable advantage over 18F‐FDG. The current evidence shows no statistical difference between MRS and PET on the accuracy.
Attitudes toward embryo donation among staff at in vitro fertilization clinics
Authors: Wånggren Kjell , Baban Mario , Svanberg Agneta Skoog 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo examine attitudes towards embryo donation among staff at in vitro fertilization clinics in Sweden.DesignDescriptive questionnaire study.SettingUniversity‐based in vitro fertilization clinic.SampleStudy participants were the staff at all in vitro fertilization clinics in Sweden.MethodsA questionnaire with questions regarding different aspects of embryo donation was sent to the 338 healthcare professionals working at Swedish in vitro fertilization clinics.Main outcome measuresAttitudes towards embryo donation.ResultsA total of 207 persons (61%) responded to the questionnaire. A majority of the respondents (77%) considered that embryo donation to infertile couples should be permitted in Sweden. Most respondents (76%), and especially the men (96%), stated that it should be possible to donate surplus embryos for research. Forty‐two percent of the respondents agreed with embryo donation to single women. A majority of respondents stated that special requirements with regard to the recipient's age, medical condition and criminal background should potentially be considered. The women stated that there should be special demands made concerning recipients' tobacco (48%) and alcohol abuse (92%). A majority considered that donors should be anonymous to the recipients (66%), but not to the child (9%).ConclusionsSwedish in vitro fertilization staff have positive attitudes concerning embryo donation to infertile couples and also the use of surplus embryos for research.
Priming for health: gut microbiota acquired in early life regulates physiology, brain and behaviour
Authors: Clarke G , O'Mahony SM , Dinan TG , Cryan JF 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe infant gut microbiome is dynamic, and radical shifts in composition occur during the first 3 years of life. Disruption of these developmental patterns, and the impact of the microbial composition of our gut on brain and behaviour, has attracted much recent attention. Integrating these observations is an important new research frontier.ConclusionEarly‐life perturbations of the developing gut microbiota can impact on the central nervous system and potentially lead to adverse mental health outcomes.
The role of the uplift of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau for the evolution of Tibetan biotas
Authors: Favre Adrien , Päckert Martin , Pauls Steffen U. , Jähnig Sonja C. , Uhl Dieter , Michalak Ingo , Muellner‐Riehl Alexandra N. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTBiodiversity is unevenly distributed on Earth and hotspots of biodiversity are often associated with areas that have undergone orogenic activity during recent geological history (i.e. tens of millions of years). Understanding the underlying processes that have driven the accumulation of species in some areas and not in others may help guide prioritization in conservation and may facilitate forecasts on ecosystem services under future climate conditions. Consequently, the study of the origin and evolution of biodiversity in mountain systems has motivated growing scientific interest. Despite an increasing number of studies, the origin and evolution of diversity hotspots associated with the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) remains poorly understood. We review literature related to the diversification of organisms linked to the uplift of the QTP. To promote hypothesis‐based research, we provide a geological and palaeoclimatic scenario for the region of the QTP and argue that further studies would benefit from providing a complete set of complementary analyses (molecular dating, biogeographic, and diversification rates analyses) to test for a link between organismic diversification and past geological and climatic changes in this region. In general, we found that the contribution of biological interchange between the QTP and other hotspots of biodiversity has not been sufficiently studied to date. Finally, we suggest that the biological consequences of the uplift of the QTP would be best understood using a meta‐analysis approach, encompassing studies on a variety of organisms (plants and animals) from diverse habitats (forests, meadows, rivers), and thermal belts (montane, subalpine, alpine, nival). Since the species diversity in the QTP region is better documented for some organismic groups than for others, we suggest that baseline taxonomic work should be promoted.
Modelling Cumulus Cloud Shape from a Single Image
Authors: Yuan Chunqiang , Liang Xiaohui , Hao Shiyu , Qi Yue , Zhao Qinping 
Published: May 2014

AbstractClouds are important components of the fascinating natural images. However, extracting cloud shapes from images remains a challenging task. This paper presents a calculation method for estimating the shape of a cumulus cloud from a single image suitable for flight simulations and games. The shape of the cloud is assumed to be symmetric. Based on this assumption, the intensities of pixels are correlated with the geometry of a cloud's surface via a simplified single scattering model. A propagation scheme is designed to derive the surface progressively, and mesh editing techniques are used to improve the surface. Finally, the cloud is represented by a particle system. The results show that the proposed method can generate realistic cumulus clouds that are similar to those found in the images in terms of the shape distribution.
Uncertainty Estimation in One‐Dimensional Heat Transport Model for Heterogeneous Porous Medium
Authors: Chang Ching‐Min , Yeh Hund‐Der 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn many practical applications, the rates for ground water recharge and discharge are determined based on the analytical solution developed by Bredehoeft and Papadopulos (1965) to the one‐dimensional steady‐state heat transport equation. Groundwater flow processes are affected by the heterogeneity of subsurface systems; yet, the details of which cannot be anticipated precisely. There exists a great deal of uncertainty (variability) associated with the application of Bredehoeft and Papadopulos' solution (1965) to the field‐scale heat transport problems. However, the quantification of uncertainty involved in such application has so far not been addressed, which is the objective of this wok. In addition, the influence of the statistical properties of log hydraulic conductivity field on the variability in temperature field in a heterogeneous aquifer is also investigated. The results of the analysis demonstrate that the variability (or uncertainty) in the temperature field increases with the correlation scale of the log hydraulic conductivity covariance function and the variability of temperature field also depends positively on the position.
Evidence‐based medicine in plastic surgery: where did it come from and where is it going?
Authors: Ricci Joseph A. , Desai Naman S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectivesEvidence‐based medicine, particularly randomized controlled trials, influence many of the daily decisions within plastic surgery as well as nearly every other medical specialty, and will continue to play a larger role in medicine in the future. Even though it is certainly not a new idea, evidence‐based medicine continues to remain a hot topic among members of the healthcare community. As evidence‐based medicine continues to grow and evolve, it is becoming more important for all physicians to understand the fundamentals of evidence‐based medicine: how evidence‐based medicine has changed, and how to successfully incorporate it into the daily practice of medicine.ResultsAdmittedly, the wide acceptance and implementation of evidence‐based medicine has been slower in surgical fields such as plastic surgery given the difficulty in performing large scale blinded randomized controlled trials due to the inherent nature of a surgical intervention as a treatment modality. Despite these challenges, the plastic surgery literature has recently begun to respond to the demand for more evidence‐based medicine.ConclusionsToday's plastic surgeons are making a concerted embrace evidence‐based medicine by increasing the amount of out of high‐level clinical evidence and should be encouraged to continue to further their endeavors in the field of evidence‐based medicine in the future.