bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Netrin/RGM Receptor, Neogenin, Controls Adult Neurogenesis by Promoting Neuroblast Migration and Cell Cycle Exit
Authors: O'Leary Conor J. , Bradford DanaKai , Chen Min , White Amanda , Blackmore Daniel G. , Cooper Helen M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of adult neurogenesis is essential for the development of effective strategies to enhance endogenous neurogenesis in the damaged brain. Olfactory interneurons arise throughout life from stem cells residing in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle. Neural precursors then migrate along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb. To ensure a continuous supply of adult-born interneurons, precursor proliferation, migration, and differentiation must be tightly coordinated. Here, we show that the netrin/repulsive guidance molecule receptor, Neogenin, is a key regulator of adult neurogenesis. Neogenin loss-of-function (Neogt/gt) mice exhibit a specific reduction in adult-born calretinin interneurons in the olfactory granule cell layer. In the absence of Neogenin, neuroblasts fail to migrate into the olfactory bulb and instead accumulate in the RMS. In vitro migration assays confirmed that Neogenin is required for Netrin-1-mediated neuroblast migration and chemoattraction. Unexpectedly, we also identified a novel role for Neogenin as a regulator of the neuroblast cell cycle. We observed that those neuroblasts able to reach the Neogt/gt olfactory bulb failed to undergo terminal differentiation. Cell cycle analysis revealed an increase in the number of S-phase neuroblasts within the Neogt/gt RMS and a significant reduction in the number of neuroblasts exiting the cell cycle, providing an explanation for the loss of mature calretinin interneurons in the granule cell layer. Therefore, Neogenin acts to synchronize neuroblast migration and terminal differentiation through the regulation of neuroblast cell cycle kinetics within the neurogenic microenvironment of the RMS. Stem Cells 2015;33:503–514
Evidence for a Subventricular Zone Neural Stem Cell Phagocytic Activity Stimulated by the Vitamin K-Dependent Factor Protein S
Authors: Ginisty Aurélie , Gély-Pernot Aurore , Abaamrane Loubna , Morel Franck , Arnault Patricia , Coronas Valérie , Benzakour Omar 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Neural stem cells, whose major reservoir in the adult mammalian brain is the subventricular zone (SVZ), ensure neuropoiesis, a process during which many generated cells die. Removal of dead cells and debris by phagocytes is necessary for tissue homeostasis. Using confocal and electron microscopy, we demonstrate that cultured SVZ cells phagocytose both 1 and 2 µm latex beads and apoptotic cell-derived fragments. We determine by flow cytometry that phagocytic cells represent more than 10% of SVZ cultured cells. Phenotyping of SVZ cells using nestin, GFAP, Sox2, or LeX/SSEA and quantification of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, reveals that cells with neural stem-cell features phagocytose and represent more than 30% of SVZ phagocytic cells. In vivo, nestin-, Sox2-, and ALDH-expressing neural stem-like cells engulfed latex beads or apoptotic cell-derived fragments that were injected into mice lateral brain ventricles. We show also that SVZ cell phagocytic activity is an active process, which depends both on cytoskeleton dynamic and on recognition of phosphatidylserine eat-me signal, and is stimulated by the vitamin K-dependent factor protein S (ProS). ProS neutralizing antibodies inhibit SVZ cell phagocytic activity and exposure of SVZ cells to apoptotic cell-derived fragments induces a transient Mer tyrosine kinase receptor (MerTK) phosphorylation. Conversely, MerTK blocking antibodies impair both basal and ProS-stimulated SVZ cell phagocytic activity. By revealing that neural stem-like cells act within the SVZ neurogenic niche as phagocytes and that the ProS/MerTK path represents an endogenous regulatory mechanism for SVZ cell phagocytic activity, the present report opens-up new perspectives for both stem cell biology and brain physiopathology. Stem Cells 2015;33:515–525
Cervical length in prediction of preterm birth after laser surgery for twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Papanna R. , Mann L. K. , Baschat A. A. , Bebbington M. W. , Khalek N. , Johnson A. , Snowise S. , Moise K. J. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine the risk factors for spontaneous preterm delivery (PTD) or preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) at < 34 weeks' gestation after fetoscopic laser surgery for twin–twin transfusion syndrome and to identify the optimal threshold for preoperative cervical length (CL) that indicates a high risk for spontaneous PTD.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of data prospectively collected from 449 patients at three fetal centers. CL measurements were obtained by preoperative transvaginal ultrasound, at a gestational age of 16–26 weeks. The risk factors associated with spontaneous PTD before 34 weeks' gestation were determined using multivariable logistic regression analysis. We excluded patients with dual fetal demise and those with maternal or fetal indications for delivery without PPROM (n = 63). The optimal threshold for cervical length to predict spontaneous PTD before 34 weeks was determined using a receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curve and Youden index. Additionally, the CL threshold for spontaneous PTD at 2‐week intervals between 24 and 34 weeks was determined.ResultsSpontaneous PTD before 34 weeks occurred in 206 (53.4%) of the included patients. Only the preoperative CL was significantly associated with spontaneous PTD. The preoperative CL was normally distributed with a mean of 37.6 ± 10.3 mm (range, 5–66 mm). Maternal age and parity were positively associated, and gestational age at procedure and anterior placenta were negatively associated, with CL on multivariable linear regression analysis. The area under the ROC curve for predicting spontaneous PTD with CL measurements was 0.61 (P = 0.02) and the optimal threshold was 28 mm with a Youden index of 0.19 (sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 27%, respectively). A CL measurement of < 28 mm increased the risk of spontaneous PTD for all gestational age thresholds.ConclusionsSpontaneous PTD at < 34 weeks' gestation is associated with a preoperative CL of < 28 mm. Preventive strategies should focus on this high‐risk group. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Maternal cardiac function, uteroplacental Doppler flow parameters and pregnancy outcome: a systematic review
Authors: Kampman M. A. M. , Bilardo C. M. , Mulder B. J. M. , Aarnoudse J. G. , Ris‐Stalpers C. , van Veldhuisen D. J. , Pieper P. G. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the existing evidence for a link between maternal cardiac function, abnormal uteroplacental flow and poor perinatal outcome in women with and without known cardiac disease.MethodsPubMed and EMBASE databases were searched systematically for studies relating cardiac functional parameters and uteroplacental Doppler flow with pregnancy outcome in women with pre‐existing congenital cardiac disease and women without known cardiac disease. Only studies based on echocardiography were included.ResultsFrom 1732 citations, 10 articles were included. In women with known congenital heart disease, a relationship was found between abnormal uteroplacental Doppler flow patterns and cardiac function before and during pregnancy. Conversely, women without a history of congenital heart disease, but with abnormal uterine artery resistance and pregnancy complications, more often showed global left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (33%; P = 0.0001), impaired myocardial relaxation (72%; P < 0.0001) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (17%; P = 0.006), even up to 1 year postpartum.ConclusionThere is increasing evidence for an association between pre‐existing subclinical cardiac dysfunction, poor placentation (reflected by uteroplacental Doppler flow abnormalities) and poor pregnancy outcome. It may be postulated that pre‐existing suboptimal cardiac performance, as a result of either congenital heart disease or a subclinical latent condition, is one of the common denominators of poor placentation, leading to poor pregnancy outcome. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Measuring the economic costs of discrimination experienced by people with mental health problems: development of the Costs of Discrimination Assessment (CODA)
Authors: Wright Steve , Henderson Claire , Thornicroft Graham , Sharac Jessica , McCrone Paul 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Purpose
Stigma and discrimination are faced by many with mental health problems and this may affect the uptake of services and engagement in leisure and recreational activities. The aims of this study were to develop a schedule to measure the impact of stigma and discrimination on service use, employment and leisure activities and to estimate the value of such reductions.

Methods
A questionnaire, the Cost of Discrimination Assessment, was developed and piloted in a sample people with mental health problems. Costs were calculated and test–retest reliability assessed.

Results
Test–retest reliability was good for most items. A substantial proportion of the sample had experienced negative impacts on employment as a result of stigma and discrimination. Around one-fifth had reduced contacts with general practitioners in the previous 6 months due to stigma and discrimination and the leisure activity most affected was visiting pubs/restaurants/café.

Conclusions
In conclusion, stigma and discrimination result in reduced use of services and reduced engagement in leisure activities. This represents a welfare loss to individuals.
Artificial and Hybrid Fuzzy Linear Neural Network‐Based Estimation of Seed Oil Content of Safflower
Authors: Sabzalian Mohammad R. , Khashei Mehdi , Ghaderian Mostafa 
Published: October 2014

AbstractInexpensive and rapid methods for measurement of seed oil content by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) are useful for developing new oil seed cultivars. Adopting default multiple linear regression (MLR), the predictions of safflower oil content were made by 20–140 samples using a Perten Inframatic 8620 NIR spectrometer. Although the obtained interpolation results of MLR had desired accuracy, the extrapolation was extremely poor. The extrapolation determination coefficient (R2) and standard error (SE) of cross validation for MLR models were 0.63–0.78 and 3.71–4.44, respectively. In order to overcome the accuracy limitation of linear MLR models, a common suggestion is to use a nonlinear artificial neural network (ANN); however, it needs a large number of data to yield significant accurate results. We developed a novel robust hybrid fuzzy linear neural (HFLN) network to capture simultaneously linear and nonlinear patterns of data with a limited number of safflower samples. Empirical extrapolation results showed that the HFLN had higher R2 (=0.85) and lower SE (=1.83) compared to those obtained by MLR and ANN models. It is concluded that hybrid methodologies could be used to construct efficient and appropriate models for estimation of seed oil content set up on NIR system.
Adolescent risk behaviours and protective factors against peer influence
Authors: Cattelino Elena , Glowacz Fabienne , Born Michel , Testa Silvia , Bina Manuela , Calandri Emanuela 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThis study examined the relationships between protective factors and involvement in risk behaviour of Italian adolescents with friends involved in risk. Protective factors were drawn from models of peers and from individual skills (perceived regulatory self‐efficacy, intolerant attitudes about deviance) and orientation (to health, school, religion). The data are from two waves, 1 year apart, of a questionnaire survey of adolescents in northwestern Italy. Participants were 908 adolescents (42% boys) ages 14–16 years. Results of a hierarchical regression revealed that religiosity is a protective factor and that friends' models for conventional behaviours and positive attitude about health can mitigate the influence of deviant friends on adolescent risk behaviour 1 year later, even after controlling for prior levels of risk behaviour. Possible implications of this study suggest the importance of implementing preventive interventions by involving the peer group, especially at about 16 years, and working with heterogeneous (deviant and nondeviant) groups.
Postnatal alterations in GABAB receptor tone produce sensorimotor gating deficits and protein level differences in adulthood
Authors: Bolton Monica M. , Heaney Chelcie F. , Murtishaw Andrew S. , Sabbagh Jonathan J. , Magcalas Christy M. , Kinney Jefferson W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe GABA transmitter system plays a vital role in modulating synaptic formation and activity during development. The GABAB receptor subtype in particular has been implicated in cell migration, promotion of neuronal differentiation, neurite outgrowth, and synapse formation but it's role in development is not well characterized. In order to investigate the effects of brief alterations in GABAB signaling in development, we administered to rats the GABAB agonist baclofen (2.0 mg/kg) or antagonist phaclofen (0.3 mg/kg) on postnatal days 7, 9, and 12, and evaluated sensorimotor gating in adulthood. We also examined tissue for changes in multiple proteins associated with GABAB receptor function and proteins associated with synapse formation. Our data indicate that early postnatal alterations to GABAB receptor‐mediated signaling produced sex differences in sensorimotor gating in adulthood. Additionally, we found differences in GABAB receptor subunits and kalirin protein levels in the brain versus saline treated controls. Our data demonstrate that a subtle alteration in GABAB receptor function in early postnatal life induces changes that persist into adulthood.
Unintended pregnancy and associated risk factors among young pregnant women
Authors: Sriprasert Intira , Chaovisitsaree Somsak , Sribanditmongkhol Narisa , Sunthornlimsiri Nuchanart , Kietpeerakool Chumnan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess pregnancy intention and the associated risks among young pregnant women.MethodsIn a descriptive study, pregnant women aged 15–24 years were recruited at a prenatal clinic in Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand, between March 1, 2012, and February 28, 2013. Participants were interviewed by trained interviewers using a standardized questionnaire to elicit information about baseline characteristics, pregnancy intention, and contraception practice.ResultsOverall, 250 participants were recruited (mean age 20.7 ± 2.4 years), and 163 (65.2%) declared that the pregnancy was unintended. The odds of the pregnancy being unintended were increased in students (P = 0.006), women aged 20 years or younger (P = 0.024), and women whose partner was a similar age (P = 0.026). A higher percentage of women with unintended pregnancy than with intended pregnancy reported having no time to use contraception, a perceived difficulty of regular contraceptive use, fear of parents finding out about sexual activity, and embarrassment about using contraception.ConclusionPregnancy among young pregnant women in Thailand was often unintended. Educational status, age, and age difference between the couple were independently associated with unintended pregnancy.
Service triads: A research agenda for buyer–supplier–customer triads in business services
Authors: Wynstra Finn , Spring Martin , Schoenherr Tobias 
Published: October 2014

AbstractService triads, in which a buyer contracts with a supplier to deliver services directly to the buyer's customer, represent an emerging business model. This special issue is dedicated to this theme. To set the context, in this lead article, we first define service triads, both as a phenomenon and a research topic. We then provide a review of different strands of existing research and various theoretical frameworks that can inform our study of service triads. This culminates in an outline of a research agenda that can guide future study. As such, this paper not only introduces the articles in the special issue, but is also intended as a point of reference and motivation for further work on service triads, and on triads in general.
Large-sporedAlternariapathogens in sectionPorridisentangled
Authors: Woudenberg J.H.C. , Truter M. , Groenewald J.Z. , Crous P.W. 
Published: October 2014

The omnipresent fungal genusAlternariawas recently divided into 24 sections based on molecular and morphological data.Alternariasect.Porriis the largest section, containing almost allAlternariaspecies with medium to large conidia and long beaks, some of which are important plant pathogens (e.g.Alternaria porri, A. solaniandA. tomatophila). We constructed a multi-gene phylogeny on parts of the ITS, GAPDH, RPB2, TEF1 and Alt a 1 gene regions, which, supplemented with morphological and cultural studies, forms the basis for species recognition in sect.Porri. Our data reveal 63 species, of which 10 are newly described in sect.Porri, and 27 species names are synonymised. The three knownAlternariapathogens causing early blight on tomato all cluster in one clade, and are synonymised under the older name,A. linariae.Alternaria protenta, a species formerly only known as pathogen onHelianthus annuus, is also reported to cause early blight of potato, together withA. solaniandA. grandis. Two clades with isolates causing purple blotch of onion are confirmed asA. alliiandA. porri, but the two species cannot adequately be distinguished based on the number of beaks and branches as suggested previously. This is also found among the pathogens ofPassifloraceae, which are reduced from four to three species. In addition to the known pathogen of sweet potato,A. bataticola, three more species are delineated of which two are newly described. A newAlternariasection is also described, comprising two large-sporedAlternariaspecies with concatenate conidia.
A 51-Year-Old Woman Crushed by an Elephant Trunk
Authors: Tsung Ann H. , Allen Brandon R. 
Published: October 2014

Wild and exotic animal attacks are not common in the United States. Animal-related injuries in the United States are usually caused by dog bites, followed by cattle and horse injuries. Exotic animal attacks can occur when the animals are provoked, depressed, or housed improperly by owners. We report the case of a 51-year-old woman who sustained multiple systemic traumatic injuries after she was pinned to a fence by an elephant’s trunk. Upon arrival in the emergency department, she was hypothermic with a temperature of 35.1°C (95.1°F), hypotensive to 94/60 mm Hg after 5 L crystalloid, tachycardic at 108 beats/min, and intubated with oxygen saturation of 100%. Tranexamic acid was administered in addition to starting a massive transfusion protocol. Injuries included bilateral multiple rib fractures, left abdominal wall degloving injury, right pneumothorax, right hemothorax, left chest wall puncture wound, grade IV splenic laceration, 3 grade III liver lacerations, retroperitoneal hematoma, and degloving injuries to bilateral posterior thighs requiring more than 30 operations. Why should an emergency physician be aware of this? Several factors need to be considered when evaluating animal-related injuries, including type, age, and sex of the animal. Multisystem traumatic injuries should be assumed when a large animal is involved. Prehospital care and transport time are vital to a patient’s survival in both urban and rural settings. During the initial resuscitation, administering antibiotics tailored to the specific animal can greatly decrease risk of infection and morbidity. Additionally, tetanus immunoglobulin, tetanus toxoid, and rabies immunoglobulin and vaccine may be needed, unless the victim has been previously vaccinated.
Complementary distribution of two sympatric serranids in a NATURA 2000 site in the Northern Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean)
Authors: Giovos Ioannis , Ganias Konstantinos , Skoufas Georgios 
Published: October 2014

The present work aimed to investigate possible spatial and seasonal patterns in the distribution of two sympatric serranids, the painted comber, Serranus scriba and the comber, Serranus cabrilla. The research took place at a NATURA 2000 site located at Sithonia peninsula, N. Greece. Underwater visual census was used for data collection; specifically, individuals from each species were recorded along four isobathic transects of 200 m2 each, placed every 5 m and ranging from 5 to 20 m depth. A total of 27 samplings were conducted between September 2010 and August 2011. The results clearly demonstrated complementary bathymetric distributions for S. scriba and S. cabrilla, the former mostly occurring until 10 m depth, and the latter in deeper layers. This pattern was maintained during the whole season. In addition the two species exhibited differences in their preferred substrate type and their pattern of association to the sea bottom. Our results were viewed under the light of resource portioning between the two sympatric species.
Digital and social media opportunities for dietary behaviour change
Authors: McGloin Aileen F. , Eslami Sara 
Published: October 2014

The way that people communicate, consume media and seek and receive information is changing. Forty per cent of the world's population now has an internet connection, the average global social media penetration is 39 % and 1·5 billion people have internet access via mobile phone. This large-scale move in population use of digital, social and mobile media presents an unprecedented opportunity to connect with individuals on issues concerning health. The present paper aims to investigate these opportunities in relation to dietary behaviour change. Several aspects of the digital environment could support behaviour change efforts, including reach, engagement, research, segmentation, accessibility and potential to build credibility, trust, collaboration and advocacy. There are opportunities to influence behaviour online using similar techniques to traditional health promotion programmes; to positively affect health-related knowledge, skills and self-efficacy. The abundance of data on citizens’ digital behaviours, whether through search behaviour, global positioning system tracking, or via demographics and interests captured through social media profiles, offer exciting opportunities for effectively targeting relevant health messages. The digital environment presents great possibilities but also great challenges. Digital communication is uncontrolled, multi-way and co-created and concerns remain in relation to inequalities, privacy, misinformation and lack of evaluation. Although web-based, social-media-based and mobile-based studies tend to show positive results for dietary behaviour change, methodologies have yet to be developed that go beyond basic evaluation criteria and move towards true measures of behaviour change. Novel approaches are necessary both in the digital promotion of behaviour change and in its measurement.