bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress‐Sensor Device Based on Flexoelectric Liquid Crystalline Membranes
Authors: Rey Alejandro D. , Servio Phillip , Herrera Valencia Edtson Emilio 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMembrane flexoelectricity is an electromechanical coupling process that describes membrane bending and membrane electrical polarization caused by bending under electric fields. In this paper we propose, formulate, and characterize a stress‐sensor device for mechanically loaded solids, consisting of a soft flexoelectric thin membrane attached to the loaded deformed solid. Because the curvature of the deformed solid is transferred to the attached flexoelectric membrane, the electromechanical transduction of the latter produces a charge that is proportional to the stress of the solid. The model of the stress‐sensor device is based on the integration of the thermodynamics of polarizable membranes with isotropic solid elasticity, leading to a transfer function that identifies the elastic, electromechanical, and geometrical parameters involved in electrical‐signal generation. The model is applied to representative normal bending and then to more complex off‐axis bending of elastic bars. In all cases, a common transfer function shows the generic material and its geometric contributions. The sensor sensitivity increases linearly with flexoelectricity and the membrane–solid interface, and the sensitivity decreases with increasing membrane thickness and Young′s modulus of the solid. The theoretical results contribute to ongoing experimental efforts towards the development of anisotropic soft‐matter‐based stress‐sensor devices through solid–membrane interactions and electromechanical transduction.
Equilibrium Topology and Partial Inversion of Janus Drops: A Numerical Analysis
Authors: Friberg Stig E. , Kovach Ildiko , Koetz Joachim 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe equilibrium topology of an aqueous Janus emulsion of two oils, O1 and O2, with water, W, [(O1+O2)/W], is numerically evaluated with the following realistic interfacial tensions (γ): γO2/W=5 mN m−1, γO1/O2=1 mN m−1, and γO1/W varies within the range 4–5 mN m−1, which is the limiting range for stable Janus drop topology. The relative significance of the two independently pivotal factors for the topology is evaluated, that is, the local equilibrium at the line of contact between the three liquids and the volume fraction of the two dispersed liquids within the drop. The results reveal a dominant effect of the local equilibrium on the fraction of the O2 drop surface that is covered by O1. In contrast, for a constant volume of O2, the impact of the interfacial tension balance on the limit of the coverage is modest for an infinite volume of O1. Interestingly, when the O1 volume exceeds this value, an emulsion inversion occurs, and the O1 portion of the (O1+O2)/W topology becomes a continuous phase, generating a (W+O2)/O1 Janus configuration.
How do Pseudoenantiomers Structurally Differ in the Gas Phase? An IR/UV Spectroscopy Study of Jet‐Cooled Hydroquinine and Hydroquinidine
Authors: Sen Ananya , Lepere Valeria , Le Barbu‐Debus Katia , Zehnacker Anne 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe gas‐phase structures of the cinchona alkaloids, hydroquinine and its pseudoenantiomer hydroquinidine, are studied in a supersonic expansion by means of laser‐induced fluorescence and IR/UV double‐resonance spectroscopy. Vibrational spectroscopy combined with density functional calculations show that the conformational properties of the two pseudoenantiomers are identical. In both cases, they exist in two isoenergetic forms, with similar IR spectra. Both conformers are similar to the most stable cis‐γ‐open form of quinine; they differ from each other by the position of the ethyl substituent attached to the quinuclidine ring. Further differences between the two conformers are observed in the laser‐induced fluorescence spectrum. The first electronic transition is characterized by time‐dependent density functional theory and RI‐cc2 calculations, and is of ππ* nature. The results described here emphasize the role of the ethyl substituent in the structural differences between pseudoenantiomers of cinchona alkaloids.
Global Reaction Pathways in the Photodissociation of I3− Ions in Solution at 267 and 400 nm Studied by Picosecond X‐ray Liquidography
Authors: Kim Kyung Hwan , Ki Hosung , Oang Key Young , Nozawa Shunsuke , Sato Tokushi , Kim Joonghan , Kim Tae Kyu , Kim Jeongho , Adachi Shin‐ichi , Ihee Hyotcherl 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe mechanism of a photochemical reaction involves the formation and dissociation of various short‐lived species on ultrafast timescales and therefore its characterization requires detailed structural information on the transient species. By making use of a structurally sensitive X‐ray probe, time‐resolved X‐ray liquidography (TRXL) can directly elucidate the structures of reacting molecules in the solution phase and thus determine the comprehensive reaction mechanism with high accuracy. In this work, by performing TRXL measurements at two different wavelengths (400 and 267 nm), the reaction mechanism of I3− photolysis, which changes subtly depending on the excitation wavelength, is elucidated. Upon 400 nm photoexcitation, the I3− ion dissociates into I2− and I. By contrast, upon 267 nm photoexcitation, the I3− ion undergoes both two‐body dissociation (I2−+I) and three‐body dissociation (I−+2I) with 7:3 molar ratio. At both excitation wavelengths, all the transient species ultimately disappear in 80 ns by recombining to form the I3− ion nongeminately. In addition to the reaction dynamics of solute species, the results reveal the transient structure of the solute/solvent cage and the changes in solvent density and temperature as a function of time.
Video Game Therapy for Emotional Regulation and Impulsivity Control in a Series of Treated Cases with Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Fagundo Ana B. , Santamaría Juan J. , Forcano Laura , Giner‐Bartolomé Cristina , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana , Sánchez Isabel , Granero Roser , Ben‐Moussa Maher , Magnenat‐Thalmann Nadia , Konstantas Dimitri , Lam Tony , Lucas Mikkel , Nielsen Jeppe , Bults Richard G. A. , Tarrega Salomé , Menchón José M. , de la Torre Rafael , Cardi Valentina , Treasure Janet , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAlthough standard psychological treatments have been successful in treating several core features in eating disorders (ED), other characteristics such as emotional regulation or impulsivity appear to be more resistant to change. There is a growing body of evidence to support the efficacy of cognitive remediation for cognitive and emotional difficulties in ED. Playmancer/ Islands is a video game (VG) designed to specifically treat mental disorders, characterized by problems in impulse control. The objective of the game is to increase self‐control over emotions, decision making and behaviours. The aim of this study is to describe the results from a consecutive series of nine bulimia nervosa patients who were treated with the VG in addition to cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). The outcomes included clinical and psychopathological questionnaires, and physiological measures were obtained during the VG. Emotional regulation improved, heart rate variability increased, and respiratory rate and impulsivity measures reduced after the treatment. These findings suggest that VG training may enhance treatment for ED. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Polysaccharide Biomaterials
Authors: Muntimadugu Eameema , Ickowicz Diana E. , Domb Abraham J. , Khan Wahid 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn entire new genus of “polymer therapeutics” has emerged with wide applicability, including as mechanical supports, mechanical barriers, artificial tissue/organs, and pro‐drug preparations with pharmacological effects. Polysaccharides are a class of biopolymers formed from many monosaccharide units joined together by glycosidic linkages. The physical properties of carbohydrates, such as solubility, gelation, and surface properties, are dictated by the monosaccharide composition, chain shapes, and molecular weight. These macromolecules exhibit good hemocompatibility, are non‐toxic, and show unique biological functions, ranging from cell signaling to immune recognition. With few exceptions, they are more economical in comparison with others biopolymers. Polysaccharide‐based polymers have been widely proposed as scaffold materials in tissue engineering applications as well as carriers for drug delivery.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Domino Reactions of 2‐(1‐Alkynyl)alk‐2‐en‐1‐one Oxime Ethers with α,β‐Unsaturated Imines Consisting of 1,2‐Alkyl Migration
Authors: Zhang Mei , Zhang Junliang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA formal gold(I)‐catalyzed diastereoselective [4+3] cycloaddition of oxime ethers with imines, consisting of 1,2‐alkyl migration under mild reaction conditions, has been developed; this provides facile access to a series of highly substituted trans‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]azepines. This reaction is easily scaled up to the gram scale.
AldehydeAmine Chemistry Enables Tissue Adhesive Materials to Respond to Physiologic Variation and Pathologic States
Authors: Artzi Natalie , Edelman Elazer R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBiomaterials science represents the next frontier in medical therapeutics. Innovations in materials design and formulation have helped create previously unimaginable interventions and composite devices with materials whose structure and function evolve with time. Yet, materials development has outstripped our ability to explain why, when, and how these materials work. Current characterization means are limited, especially for dynamic erodible materials that are specifically designed to fade away. This complexity and dynamism of emerging materials and the impact they have on tissue make it challenging to understand and predict material interactions with local tissues. Because tissuebiomaterials interactions are determined not only by the innate properties of the materials, but also by the local microenvironment at the implantation site, we must now examine the impact of target tissue site, state, and incidence of a disease on material performance, efficacy, and biocompatibility. This issue becomes increasingly important when considering surface interacting materials, whose intimate interactions with tissues are dictated by local mechanical forces, tissue target site, and the modulation of tissue surface properties manifested by specific disease types and states. The mechanisms involved and the extent to which these parameters affect the in vivo performance of materials are mostly unknown. These open questions motivated us to explore the determinant factors that affect the efficacy of materials, using adhesive materials whose surface interactions with tissues make them an ideal material class for the assessment of tissuematerial interactions. As an example of this paradigm, we determined how tissue amines served as a natural binding site for material aldehydes, enabling tissue‐specific binding that varied with natural changes in amine density from tissue to tissue and the physiologic environment, as well as with disease. The introduction of amines within the material also provides greater control over binding and material cohesion. This general mode will provide new tissue adhesives that can sense local tissue states and provide mechanical interactions titrated to context and need to enhance the desired effect and minimize local toxicity.
3D Printing for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Richards Dylan Jack , Tan Yu , Jia Jia , Yao Hai , Mei Ying 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTissue engineering aims to fabricate functional tissue for applications in regenerative medicine and drug testing. More recently, 3D printing has shown great promise in tissue fabrication with a structural control from the micro‐ to the macroscale by using a layer‐by‐layer approach. Whether through scaffold‐based or scaffold‐free approaches, the standard for 3D‐printed tissue engineering constructs is to provide a biomimetic structural environment that facilitates tissue formation and promotes host tissue integration (e.g., cellular infiltration, vascularization, and active remodeling). This review will cover several approaches that have advanced the field of 3D printing through novel fabrication methods of tissue engineering constructs. It will also discuss the applications of synthetic and natural materials for 3D printingfacilitated tissue fabrication.
Longitudinal characteristics of spread F backscatter plumes observed with the EAR and Sanya VHF radar in Southeast Asia
Authors: Li Guozhu , Ning Baiqi , Abdu M. A. , Otsuka Yuchi , Yokoyama T. , Yamamoto M. , Liu Libo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe development of equatorial plasma irregularity plumes can be well recorded by steerable backscatter radars operated at and off the magnetic equator due to the fact that the vertically extended plume structures are tracers of magnetically north‐south aligned larger scale structures. From observations during March 2012, using two low latitude steerable backscatter radars in Southeast Asia, the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) (0.2°S, 100.3°E; dip lat 10.4°S) and the Sanya VHF radar (18.4°N, 109.6°E; dip lat 12.8°N), the characteristics of backscatter plumes over the two sites separated in longitude by ~1000 km were simultaneously investigated. The beam steering measurements reveal frequent occurrences of multiple plumes over both radar sites, of which two cases are analyzed here. The observations on 30 March 2012 show plume structures initiated within the radar scanned area, followed by others drifting from the west of the radar beam over both stations. A tracing analysis on the onset locations of plasma plumes reveals spatially well‐separated backscatter plumes, with a maximum east‐west wavelength of about 1000 km, periodically generated in longitudes between 85°E and 110°E. The postsunset backscatter plumes seen by the Sanya VHF radar are found to be due to the passage of sunset plumes initiated around the longitude of EAR. Most interestingly, the EAR measurements on the night of 21 March 2012 show multiple plume structures that developed successively in the radar scanned area with east‐west separation of ~50 km, with however no sunset plasma plume over Sanya. Colocated ionogram measurements show that spread F irregularities occurred mainly in the bottomside F region at Sanya, whereas satellite traces in ionograms that are indications of large‐scale wave structures were observed on that night at both stations. Possible causes for the longitudinal difference in the characteristics of radar backscatter plumes are discussed.
Physicochemical vs. Vibrational Descriptors for Prediction of Odor Receptor Responses
Authors: Gabler Stephan , Soelter Jan , Hussain Taufia , Sachse Silke , Schmuker Michael 
Published: October 2013

AbstractResponses of olfactory receptors (ORs) can be predicted by applying machine learning methods on a multivariate encoding of an odorant’s chemical structure. Physicochemical descriptors that encode features of the molecular graph are a popular choice for such an encoding. Here, we explore the EVA descriptor set, which encodes features derived from the vibrational spectrum of a molecule. We assessed the performance of Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Random Forest Regression (RFR) to predict the gradual response of Drosophila ORs. We compared a 27‐dimensional variant of the EVA descriptor against a set of 1467 descriptors provided by the eDragon software package, and against a 32‐dimensional subset thereof that has been proposed as the basis for an odor metric consisting of 32 descriptors (HADDAD). The best prediction performance was reproducibly achieved using SVR on the highest‐dimensional feature set. The low‐dimensional EVA and HADDAD feature sets predicted odor‐OR interactions with similar accuracy. Adding charge and polarizability information to the EVA descriptor did not improve the results but rather decreased predictive power. Post‐hoc in vivo measurements confirmed these results. Our findings indicate that EVA provides a meaningful low‐dimensional representation of odor space, although EVA hardly outperformed “classical” descriptor sets.
Lineage Specifiers: New Players in the Induction of Pluripotency
Authors: Shu Jian , Deng Hongkui 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Pluripotency-associated factors and their rivals, lineage specifiers, have long been considered the determining factors for the identity of pluripotent and differentiated cells, respectively. Therefore, factors that are employed for cellular reprogramming in order to induce pluripotency have been identified mainly from embryonic stem cell (ESC)-enriched and pluripotency-associated factors. Recently, lineage specifiers have been identified to play important roles in orchestrating the process of restoring pluripotency. In this review, we summarize the latest discoveries regarding cell fate conversion using pluripotency-associated factors and lineage specifiers. We highlight the value of the “seesaw” model in defining cellular identity, opening up a novel scenario to consider pluripotency and lineage specification.
Infant cortex responds to other humans from shortly after birth
Authors: Farroni Teresa , Chiarelli Antonio M. , Lloyd-Fox Sarah , Massaccesi Stefano , Merla Arcangelo , Di Gangi Valentina , Mattarello Tania , Faraguna Dino , Johnson Mark H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA significant feature of the adult human brain is its ability to selectively process information about conspecifics. Much debate has centred on whether this specialization is primarily a result of phylogenetic adaptation, or whether the brain acquires expertise in processing social stimuli as a result of its being born into an intensely social environment. Here we study the haemodynamic response in cortical areas of newborns (1–5 days old) while they passively viewed dynamic human or mechanical action videos. We observed activation selective to a dynamic face stimulus over bilateral posterior temporal cortex, but no activation in response to a moving human arm. This selective activation to the social stimulus correlated with age in hours over the first few days post partum. Thus, even very limited experience of face-to-face interaction with other humans may be sufficient to elicit social stimulus activation of relevant cortical regions.
Numerical modeling of the wind flow over a transverse dune
Authors: Araújo Ascânio D. , Parteli Eric J. R. , Pöschel Thorsten , Andrade José S. , Herrmann Hans J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTransverse dunes, which form under unidirectional winds and have fixed profile in the direction perpendicular to the wind, occur on all celestial objects of our solar system where dunes have been detected. Here we perform a numerical study of the average turbulent wind flow over a transverse dune by means of computational fluid dynamics simulations. We find that the length of the zone of recirculating flow at the dune lee — theseparation bubble— displays a surprisingly strong dependence on the wind shear velocity,u*: it is nearly independent ofu*for shear velocities within the range between 0.2 m/s and 0.8 m/s but increases linearly withu*for larger shear velocities. Our calculations show that transport in the direction opposite to dune migration within the separation bubble can be sustained ifu*is larger than approximately 0.39 m/s, whereas a larger value ofu*(about 0.49 m/s) is required to initiate this reverse transport.
Understanding the transmission of H5N1.
Authors: Bourouiba L. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
H5N1 influenza virus is now endemic in many regions of the world. Outbreaks continue to occur with devastating impact to local economies and threatening human health. The transmission of the virus involves a complex interplay between the spatio-temporal dynamics of the potential avian hosts, the ecology of the virus and poultry farming and trade. Despite increased monitoring of wild bird populations and poultry trade, control measures remain insufficient to mitigate the spread of the virus. Here, we focus on the influence of seasonality of migration and breeding in the transmission of H5N1. We also review recent findings on the interaction between migratory birds and poultry in the pattern of recurrence of H5N1 outbreaks. Finally, impacts of vaccination and co-circulation of avian influenza strains are discussed in the context of re-emergence and silent spreading of the disease.
Using Behavioral Economics to Design More Effective Food Policies to Address Obesity
Authors: Liu Peggy J. , Wisdom Jessica , Roberto Christina A. , Liu Linda J. , Ubel Peter A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMany policy interventions that address rising obesity levels in the United States have been designed to provide consumers with more nutrition information, with the goal of encouraging consumers to decrease their caloric intake. We discuss existing information‐provision measures and suggest that they are likely to have little‐to‐modest impact on encouraging lower caloric intake, because making use of such information requires understanding and/or motivation, which many consumers lack, as well as self‐control, which is a limited resource. We highlight several phenomena from the behavioral economics literature (present‐biased preferences, visceral factors, and status quo bias) and explain how awareness of these behavioral phenomena can inform both more effective information‐provision policies and additional policies for regulating restaurants and public school cafeterias that move beyond information to nudge people towards healthier food choices.
Development and Evaluation of a Near‐Infrared Instrument for Single‐Seed Compositional Measurement of Wheat Kernels
Authors: Armstrong Paul R. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA single‐kernel, near‐infrared reflectance instrument was designed, built, and tested for its ability to measure composition and traits in wheat kernels. The major objective of the work was targeted at improving an existing design concept of an instrument used for larger seeds such as soybeans and corn but in this case designed for small seeds. Increases in throughput were sought by using a vacuum to convey seeds without compromising measurement accuracy. Instrument performance was evaluated by examining measurement accuracy of wheat kernel moisture, protein content, and kernel mass. Spectral measurements were obtained on individual wheat kernels as they were conveyed by air through an illuminated tube. Partial least squares (PLS) prediction models for these constituents were then developed and evaluated. PLS single‐kernel moisture predictions had a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) around 0.5% MC wet basis; protein prediction models had an RMSEP near 0.70%. Prediction of mass was not as good but still provided a reasonable estimate of single‐kernel mass, with RMSEP values of 2.8–4 mg. Data showed that kernel mass and protein content were not correlated, in contrast to some previous research. Overall, results showed the instrument performed comparably to other single‐seed instruments or methods based on accuracy but with an increased throughput at a rate of at least 4 seeds/s.