bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Guidelines for Statin Treatment in Canada and the United States
Authors: Hennessy Deirdre A. , Bushnik Tracey , Manuel Douglas G. , Anderson Todd J. 
Published: July 2015

Background

New guidelines for cardiovascular disease risk assessment and statin eligibility have recently been published in the
United States
by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (
ACC
‐
AHA
). It is unknown how these guidelines compare with the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (
CCS
) recommendations.

Methods and Results

Using data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007–2011, we estimated the cardiovascular disease risk and proportion of the Canadian population, aged 40 to 75 years without cardiovascular disease, who would theoretically be eligible for statin treatment under both the
CCS
and
ACC
‐
AHA
guidelines. The survey sample used (n=1975) represented 13.1 million community dwelling Canadians between the ages of 40 and 75 years. In comparing the
CVD
risk assessment methods, we found that calculated
CVD
risk was higher based on the
CCS
guidelines compared with the
ACC‐AHA
guidelines. Despite this, a similar proportion and number of Canadians would be eligible for statin treatment under the 2 sets of recommendations. Some discordance in recommendations was found within subgroups of the population, with the
CCS
guidelines recommending more treatment for individuals who are younger, with a family history of
CVD
, or with chronic kidney disease. The
ACC
‐
AHA
recommend more treatment for people who are older (age 60+ years). These results likely overestimate the treatment rate under both guidelines because, in primary prevention, a clinician–patient discussion must occur before treatment and determines uptake.

Conclusions

Implementing the
ACC
‐
AHA
lipid treatment guidelines in Canada would not result in an increase in individuals eligible for statin treatment. In fact, the proportion of the population recommended for statin treatment would decrease slightly and be targeted at different subgroups of the population.
Altered Fibrin Clot Properties in Patients With Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Siudut Jakub , Świat Maciej , Undas Anetta 
Published: July 2015

Background and Purpose—
Venous thromboembolism and ischemic stroke are associated with unfavorable fibrin clot structure and function. We hypothesized that denser fibrin networks displaying impaired lysability characterize patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST).

Methods—
We assessed plasma fibrin clot properties in 50 patients (aged 38.9±9.8 years, 36 women) after the first CVST unrelated to trauma or malignancy after anticoagulation withdrawal and 50 well-matched controls. Recurrences were recorded during follow-up (18–46; median, 36 months).

Results—

Clot permeability was lower in patients with CVST than in controls (K
s
, 6.43±0.97 versus 7.3±1.2 10
−9
cm
2
;
P
<0.001) and was associated with prolonged clot lysis time (103.0±16.8 versus 92.4±16.2 minutes;
P
<0.001), lower maximum rate of D-dimer release from clots (0.068 [0.064–0.071] versus 0.072 [0.067–0.078] mg/L per minute;
P
<0.001) and higher maximum D-dimer levels in the lysis assay (4.39±0.56 versus 4.19±0.46 mg/L, respectively;
P
=0.03). Patients with CVST had a slightly shorter lag phase (
P
=0.02) and higher maximum absorbance of fibrin gels on turbidimetry (
P
<0.001) compared with controls. Deficiencies in natural anticoagulants or antiphospholipid syndrome, and factor V Leiden occurred more often in the patients (
P
<0.05). CVST recurred in 6 patients (12%) and was associated with 21% higher baseline fibrinogen (
P
=0.007), 20% lower K
s
(
P
=0.04) and 17% greater D–D
max
(
P
=0.01). Multiple logistic regression showed that only elevated D–D
max
(>4.83 mg/L) predicted CVST recurrence (odds ratio, 5.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.63–16.19) after adjustment for fibrinogen.

Conclusions—
CVST is associated with the formation of more compact plasma fibrin clots and resistance to fibrinolysis, which may predispose to the recurrence.
The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini: Redefinition of the tribe, first Afrotropical record of Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 and description of <br />Soeliella gen. nov. (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae)
Authors: KVIFTE GUNNAR MIKALSEN 
Published: July 2015

Psychodini is redefined based on morphological characters and newly recognized homologies in the male genitalia. It is hypothesised that the ground-plan aedeagus of Psychodini consists of a symmetrical bipartite aedeagus flanked by paired, symmetrical parameres; which in many lineages have become asymmetrical via the differentiation of phallomeres and parameres and/or via reduction of one paramere. The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini are reviewed and a key for their identification is provided. Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 is recorded from Tanzania based on the new species Perithreticus anderseni sp. nov. The genus is redefined, characterised by an elongate symmetrical aedeagus with paired subtriangular parameres, and a broad M-shaped epiproct with a concave anterior margin. Soeliella gen. nov. is described to include Soeliella platypenis sp. nov.; characterised by the presence of paired subtriangular parameres and the distiphallic elements broadly fused into a spatulate plate. Rhipidopsychoda Vaillant, 1991 is raised from synonymy based on novel character interpretations. Rhipidopsychoda boettgeri (Wagner, 1979) comb. nov. is redescribed and a key to the world species is presented. The species Psychoda bilobata Quate, 1957 and Psychoda trilobata Quate, 1957, Psychoda morogorica Wagner & Andersen, 2007 and Philosepedon triangularis Eaton, 1913 are of dubious generic placement and need revision.
Tropical Cyclone Genesis Factors in a Simulation of the Last Two Millennia: Results from the Community Earth System Model
Authors: Yan Qing , Korty Robert , Zhang Zhongshi 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Using a coupled global climate model, Community Earth System Model (CESM), the authors investigate the response of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis factors (i.e., potential intensity, vertical wind shear, midtropospheric moisture content, and absolute vorticity) to external forcings in the last two millennia (L2M). They then examine how the large-scale conditions that favor TC activity varied using a genesis potential index (GPI). These large-scale genesis factors generally exhibit no long-term trend in the simulation of the L2M prior to the industrial revolution, and the spread in the interannual variability lies within a small window. The estimated TC activity is highly variable from region to region on multidecadal time scales. Conditions appear to be more favorable for TC genesis in the twentieth century in the Northern Hemisphere relative to earlier centuries of the L2M. Additionally, conditions in this simulation are not more favorable for TC formation during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (AD 1000–1200) relative to the Little Ice Age (AD 1500–1700) except in the eastern North Pacific and south Indian Ocean. Although a comparison of conditions simulated in the model with proxy-based reconstructions of prehistoric storm activity finds agreement during several active periods in the western North Pacific, the time series of simulated genesis factors does not match that of proxy reconstructions over the entire interval in either the western North Pacific or North Atlantic; this discrepancy likely arises from uncertainties in both the model and reconstructions.
Progress and Developments of Downburst Prediction Applications of GOES
Authors: Pryor Kenneth L. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) has developed and evaluated a suite of products that assess convective storm–generated downburst potential derived from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-13–15 (GOES-13–15). The existing suite of downburst prediction algorithms employs the GOES sounder to calculate risk based on conceptual models of favorable environmental thermodynamic profiles for downburst occurrence. A diagnostic nowcasting product, the Microburst Windspeed Potential Index (MWPI), is designed to identify attributes of a favorable downburst environment: 1) the presence of large CAPE and 2) the presence of a surface-based or elevated mixed layer with a large temperature lapse rate. This paper provides an updated assessment of the MWPI algorithm, presents case studies demonstrating effective operational use of the MWPI product, and presents validation results for the Great Plains and mid-Atlantic coastal region of the United States. MWPI data were collected for downburst events that occurred during the convective seasons of 2007–13 and were validated against surface observations of convective wind gusts as recorded by wind sensors in high quality mesonetworks over the southern Great Plains and the Chesapeake Bay region. Favorable validation results include a correlation greater than 0.6 and low mean error [&lt;0.1 knot (kt; where 1 kt = 0.51 m s−1)] between MWPI values and measured confirmed downburst wind speeds over contrasting climate regions of the continental United States. Case studies over the mid-Atlantic region and northern Florida highlight the adaptability of the MWPI algorithm to severe convective storm forecasting and warning operations.
A review of factors associated with greater likelihood of suicide attempts and suicide deaths in bipolar disorder: Part II of a report of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force on Suicide in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Schaffer Ayal , Isometsä Erkki T , Azorin Jean-Michel , Cassidy Frederick , Goldstein Tina , Rihmer Zoltán , Sinyor Mark , Tondo Leonardo , Moreno Doris H , Turecki Gustavo , Reis Catherine , Kessing Lars Vedel , Ha Kyooseob , Weizman Abraham , Beautrais Annette , Chou Yuan-Hwa , Diazgranados Nancy , Levitt Anthony J , Zarate Carlos A , Yatham Lakshmi 
Published: July 2015

Objectives: Many factors influence the likelihood of suicide attempts or deaths in persons with bipolar disorder. One key aim of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force on Suicide was to summarize the available literature on the presence and magnitude of effect of these factors. Methods: A systematic review of studies published from 1 January 1980 to 30 May 2014 identified using keywords ‘bipolar disorder’ and ‘suicide attempts or suicide’. This specific paper examined all reports on factors putatively associated with suicide attempts or suicide deaths in bipolar disorder samples. Factors were subcategorized into: (1) sociodemographics, (2) clinical characteristics of bipolar disorder, (3) comorbidities, and (4) other clinical variables. Results: We identified 141 studies that examined how 20 specific factors influenced the likelihood of suicide attempts or deaths. While the level of evidence and degree of confluence varied across factors, there was at least one study that found an effect for each of the following factors: sex, age, race, marital status, religious affiliation, age of illness onset, duration of illness, bipolar disorder subtype, polarity of first episode, polarity of current/recent episode, predominant polarity, mood episode characteristics, psychosis, psychiatric comorbidity, personality characteristics, sexual dysfunction, first-degree family history of suicide or mood disorders, past suicide attempts, early life trauma, and psychosocial precipitants. Conclusion: There is a wealth of data on factors that influence the likelihood of suicide attempts and suicide deaths in people with bipolar disorder. Given the heterogeneity of study samples and designs, further research is needed to replicate and determine the magnitude of effect of most of these factors. This approach can ultimately lead to enhanced risk stratification for patients with bipolar disorder.
Differences in the Use and Quality of Antidiabetic Therapies in Mexican American and Non-Hispanic Whites With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes in the US
Authors: Perez Alexandra , Elrod Shara , Sanchez Jesus 
Published: July 2015

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the use of clinical guideline–recommended antidiabetic therapies among Mexican Americans (MA) and non-Hispanic whites with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. Methods A secondary data analysis based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2012 cohort data including MA and non-Hispanic white adults with uncontrolled (A1C ≥6.5%) type 2 diabetes. Results There was no difference in the use of recommended regimens across race/ethnic group (MA, 63.6% vs whites, 65.7%); however, MA were less likely to have regimens intensified to non-insulin triple therapies (7.3% vs 11.3%) or insulin-based therapies (23.7% vs 30.5%) and were more likely to be on no medications (17.2% vs 10.4%). Mexican Americans and whites who were most uncontrolled were least likely to be on recommended regimens (A1C 6.5%-7.4%, 83.0%; A1C 7.5%-9%, 60.6%; and A1C >9%, 50.4%). This pattern was most pronounced among MA compared to whites. Use of recommended therapies decreased 50.5 percentage points for MA and 20.1 percentage points among whites from an A1C level of 6.5% to 7.4% to >9%, respectively. Conclusions The quality of antidiabetic therapies of MA and whites with type 2 diabetes who are most uncontrolled need improvement. Intensifying pharmacotherapies among MA may help improve glycemic control disparities. The innovative outcome used in this report may be useful in quality of care studies in the future.
Becoming the parent of a preterm infant: A meta-ethnographic synthesis
Authors: Gibbs Deanna , Boshoff Kobie , Stanley Mandy 
Published: July 2015

Introduction The adoption of family-centred care within neonatal intensive care has been increasing in profile. However, there has been limited exploration of the concept of parenting as an occupation as a means of supporting parent engagement. Method A meta-ethnographic synthesis was conducted to explore the body of literature regarding experiences in the neonatal intensive care unit that enable parents to participate in parenting occupations. Five databases were systematically searched with 35 identified studies appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool and included in the synthesis. Findings Eight themes emerged from the synthesis: relinquishing the anticipated role of parent; feeling vulnerable and powerless; juggling roles and responsibilities; (re)claiming an alternative parental role; navigating environmental boundaries; developing partnerships with staff; coming to know the baby; and adapting to parenting. Conclusion The experiences that enable parents to participate in parenting occupations are multi-faceted, and explicate the process of occupational adaptation that occurs in relation to parenting a preterm infant. These findings provide occupational therapists with greater insight into the experiences of parents of preterm infants in the neonatal setting.
Exploring patient strategies in response to untoward healthcare encounters
Authors: Brüggemann A Jelmer 
Published: July 2015

Background: Increasing attention to patients’ rights and their ability to choose their healthcare provider have changed the way patients can respond to untoward, disempowering and abusive healthcare encounters. These responses are often seen as crucial for quality improvement, yet they are little explored and conceptualized. Objective: To explore patients’ potential responses to untoward healthcare encounters and looking at their possible consequences for care quality improvement as well as for the individual patient. Research design: The article is structured looking at two primary strategies: patient exit (leaving a healthcare provider) and patient voice (expressing grievances), derived from Hirschman (1970). These strategies were explored by the use of theoretical and empirical literature and applied to an individual patient case. The case functions as a pedagogical tool to illustrate and problematize what exit and voice strategies can mean for a single patient. Ethical considerations: The patient case is my version of a generalized scenario that is described elsewhere. It does not represent an individual patient’s story, but aims to be realistic and recognizable. Findings and conclusion: Based on the existing literature, it is hypothesized that, in their current form, exit and voice strategies have a limited effect on care quality and can come at a price for patients. However, both strategies may be of value to patients and providers. Therefore, the healthcare system could empower patients to engage in action and could further develop ways for providers to effectively use patients’ responses to improve practice and find ways to prevent patients from untoward experiences in healthcare.
Superficial temporal myofascial flap application in temporomandibular joint arthroplasty in a cat
Authors: Mestrinho Lisa A , Gawor Jerzy P , Serrano Ana M , Niza Maria M 
Published: July 2015

Case summary A 2-year-old, intact female domestic longhair cat was referred for surgical treatment after diagnosis of closed jaw locking secondarily to right temporomandibular joint ankylosis and left pseudoankylosis. The animal underwent successful surgical management with bilateral excision arthroplasty followed by interposition of a temporal superficial myofascial flap. Immediately after surgery, the full range of lower jaw movement was achieved and normal occlusion was maintained. Ankylosis did not recur in the 1 year postoperative follow-up period. Relevance and novel information A temporal myofascial flap could be considered as interposition material after temporomandibular joint arthroplasty to avoid postoperative re-ankylosis and mandibular drift. The main advantages of this flap are its autogenous origin, and the ability to maintain separation between the two bones, preserve mobility and disrupt new bone formation.
Repair of Anomalous Left Coronary Artery From the Right Pulmonary Artery
Authors: Marshall Clement D. , Weigand Justin , Sambatakos Peter , Hayes Denise A. , Chen Jonathan M. , Quaegebeur Jan M. , Bacha Emile , Richmond Marc E. 
Published: July 2015

Background: Repair of anomalous left coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery presents a particular technical challenge to the congenital cardiac surgeon. There is disagreement in the literature over the optimal technique for this defect, with some authors advocating for unroofing of the periaortic segment of coronary artery, while others prefer direct aortic reimplantation of the artery. Methods: We performed a retrospective study examining outcomes of patients who were repaired for this anomaly at our institution. In-hospital and outpatient follow-up data were analyzed. Results: Nine patients were identified. Most patients had poor left ventricular function at the time of surgery. All patients in our series were repaired using the direct coronary transfer technique. To date there were no mortalities among the study participants. At last follow-up, all patients with available echocardiograms had normal ventricular function. One patient required reoperation for anastomotic stenosis. Conclusions: We demonstrate that using the technique of direct coronary transfer to the aorta, we have achieved excellent results with repair of this defect.
Comparative Review of Outcomes in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease Requiring Cardiopulmonary Support for Failure to Wean From Cardiopulmonary Bypass or for Refractory Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Pourmoghadam Kamal K. , Olsen Monica C. , Nguyen Moui , O’Brien Michael C. , DeCampli William M. 
Published: July 2015

Background: We reviewed the outcomes of patients who underwent cardiopulmonary support (CPS) for either refractory sudden cardiac arrest or failure to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: Between January 2005 and July 2013, 37 patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) underwent 39 instances of CPS for sudden cardiac arrest as extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E-CPR; group I, n = 19) or for failure to wean from CPB (group II, n = 20). Univariate analyses determined which variables differed among the groups and which had significant association with hospital survival. Binary logistic regression determined the significant associations in a multivariable model. Results: Overall 30-day and hospital survival were 76.9% (30) and 69.2% (27), respectively. For groups I and II, hospital survival was 68.4% (13) and 70.0% (14), respectively. Variables associated with mortality in the univariate analysis included hours on CPS ( P = .045), initial aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level on CPS ( P = .007), and bicarbonate 24 hours on CPS ( P = .004). Logistic regression showed single-ventricle physiology ( P = .05), initial AST level on CPS ( P = .03), and lower bicarbonate 24 hours on CPS ( P = .026) to be significantly associated with mortality. Conclusions: Comparable rates of survival to discharge can be obtained when CPS is initiated for E-CPR or for failure to wean from CPB in resuscitating patients with CHD. Hepatic and renal factors indicative of inadequate early tissue perfusion, single-ventricle physiology, and lower bicarbonate level are factors associated with poor outcome.
Setting Up an ECMO Program in a South American Country
Authors: Flórez Claudia X. , Bermon Anderson , Castillo Victor R. , Salazar Leonardo 
Published: July 2015

Background: Less than 1% of the extracorporeal life support organization (ELSO) registry patients are from South America. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an expensive therapy not only in terms of direct financial cost but also with respect to technical and human resources. Finding a successful ECMO model that developing countries can afford is critical to the expansion of therapy to include the availability of this technology for patients in the developing world. Methods: We retrospectively studied the first 104 pediatric ECMO patients in the Fundacion Cardiovascular de Colombia between May 2007 and May 2013. We collected the ELSO registry data from electronic medical records to determine the survival rate, mortality risk factors, and complications in pediatric patients who received ECMO support for cardiac failure, respiratory failure, or ECMO for extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the setting of refractory cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We describe our model of ECMO care regarding staff, training process, care protocol, ECMO circuit, and costs. Results: Of 104 patients, 82 were diagnosed with congenital heart disease. Of those, 50 had biventricular and 32 had univentricular physiology, with a significantly higher survival rate at discharge in the biventricular group (44% vs 18.7%, odds ratio [OR] 3.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28-10.52, P = .01). Pediatric patients with a cardiac indication had survival rates of 76.3% at weaning and 52.6% at discharge, which is roughly comparable to those reported by the ELSO in 2013. Univentricular physiology, ECPR, severe pre-ECMO acidosis, ECMO-associated renal failure, and duration of ECMO support were factors associated with increased mortality. Conclusion: Despite limited availability of technical and economic resources, ECMO therapy can be done successfully in a developing country. A model of care based on nurses as ECMO specialists, supported by a multidisciplinary team, is cost-effective.