bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle Satellite Cell Protein Teneurin-4 Regulates Differentiation During Muscle Regeneration
Authors: Ishii Kana , Suzuki Nobuharu , Mabuchi Yo , Ito Naoki , Kikura Naomi , Fukada So-ichiro , Okano Hideyuki , Takeda Shin'ichi , Akazawa Chihiro 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Satellite cells are maintained in an undifferentiated quiescent state, but during muscle regeneration they acquire an activated stage, and initiate to proliferate and differentiate as myoblasts. The transmembrane protein teneurin-4 (Ten-4) is specifically expressed in the quiescent satellite cells; however, its cellular and molecular functions remain unknown. We therefore aimed to elucidate the function of Ten-4 in muscle satellite cells. In the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of Ten-4-deficient mice, the number and the size of myofibers, as well as the population of satellite cells, were reduced with/without induction of muscle regeneration. Furthermore, we found an accelerated activation of satellite cells in the regenerated Ten-4-deficient TA muscle. The cell culture analysis using primary satellite cells showed that Ten-4 suppressed the progression of myogenic differentiation. Together, our findings revealed that Ten-4 functions as a crucial player in maintaining the quiescence of muscle satellite cells. Stem Cells 2015;33:3017–3027
The GIPC1-Akt1 Pathway Is Required for the Specification of the Eye Field in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: La Torre Anna , Hoshino Akina , Cavanaugh Christopher , Ware Carol B. , Reh Thomas A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
During early patterning of the neural plate, a single region of the embryonic forebrain, the eye field, becomes competent for eye development. The hallmark of eye field specification is the expression of the eye field transcription factors (EFTFs). Experiments in fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals have demonstrated largely conserved roles for the EFTFs. Although some of the key signaling events that direct the synchronized expression of these factors to the eye field have been elucidated in fish and frogs, it has been more difficult to study these mechanisms in mammalian embryos. In this study, we have used two different methods for directed differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to generate eye field cells and retina in vitro to test for a role of the PDZ domain-containing protein GIPC1 in the specification of the mammalian eye primordia. We find that the overexpression of a dominant-negative form of GIPC1 (dnGIPC1), as well as the downregulation of endogenous GIPC1, is sufficient to inhibit the development of eye field cells from mESCs. GIPC1 interacts directly with IGFR and participates in Akt1 activation, and pharmacological inhibition of Akt1 phosphorylation mimics the dnGIPC1 phenotype. Our data, together with previous studies in Xenopus, support the hypothesis that the GIPC1-PI3K-Akt1 pathway plays a key role in eye field specification in vertebrates. Stem Cells 2015;33:2674–2685
Disentangling the Effects of Racial Self-identification and Classification by Others: The Case of Arrest
Authors: Penner Andrew M. , Saperstein Aliya 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Scholars of race have stressed the importance of thinking about race as a multidimensional construct, yet research on racial inequality does not routinely take this multidimensionality into account. We draw on data from the U.S. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to disentangle the effects of self-identifying as black and being classified by others as black on subsequently being arrested. Results reveal that the odds of arrest are nearly three times higher for people who were classified by others as black, even if they did not identify themselves as black. By contrast, we find no effect of self-identifying as black among people who were not seen by others as black. These results suggest that racial perceptions play an important role in racial disparities in arrest rates and provide a useful analytical approach for disentangling the effects of race on other outcomes.
Acute Mediastinitis as a Complication of Epstein-Barr Virus
Authors: Lloyd Taryn , Tran Vu Kiet 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAcute mediastinitis is a rare, potentially life-threatening condition that is most commonly seen as a complication of esophageal perforations or cardiac surgery. The term “descending necrotizing mediastinitis” (DNM) is used to describe oropharyngeal infections that spread to the mediastinum, most commonly following odontogenic infections, peritonsillar or retropharyngeal abscesses, cervical lymphadenitis, trauma, or endotracheal intubation. Infectious mononucleosis is another rare cause of DNM. The mortality of acute mediastinitis is high, while the mortality for DNM is even higher. Major determinants of mortality are delayed diagnosis and/or treatment. While DNM is seen infrequently, its severe nature makes it essential that emergency physicians consider the diagnosis in patients presenting with upper respiratory infections, chest pain, and systemic symptoms, and also in patients with a recent diagnosis of EBV, in order to mitigate a high rate of morbidity and mortality.
Excess Length of Stay Attributable to Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI) in the Acute Care Setting: A Multistate Model
Authors: Stevens Vanessa W. , Khader Karim , Nelson Richard E. , Jones Makoto , Rubin Michael A. , Brown Kevin A. , Evans Martin E. , Greene Tom , Slade Eric , Samore Matthew H. 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUNDStandard estimates of the impact of Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) on inpatient lengths of stay (LOS) may overstate inpatient care costs attributable to CDI. In this study, we used multistate modeling (MSM) of CDI timing to reduce bias in estimates of excess LOS.METHODSA retrospective cohort study of all hospitalizations at any of 120 acute care facilities within the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) between 2005 and 2012 was conducted. We estimated the excess LOS attributable to CDI using an MSM to address time-dependent bias. Bootstrapping was used to generate 95% confidence intervals (CI). These estimates were compared to unadjusted differences in mean LOS for hospitalizations with and without CDI.RESULTSDuring the study period, there were 3.96 million hospitalizations and 43,540 CDIs. A comparison of unadjusted means suggested an excess LOS of 14.0 days (19.4 vs 5.4 days). In contrast, the MSM estimated an attributable LOS of only 2.27 days (95% CI, 2.14–2.40). The excess LOS for mild-to-moderate CDI was 0.75 days (95% CI, 0.59–0.89), and for severe CDI, it was 4.11 days (95% CI, 3.90–4.32). Substantial variation across the Veteran Integrated Services Networks (VISN) was observed.CONCLUSIONSCDI significantly contributes to LOS, but the magnitude of its estimated impact is smaller when methods are used that account for the time-varying nature of infection. The greatest impact on LOS occurred among patients with severe CDI. Significant geographic variability was observed. MSM is a useful tool for obtaining more accurate estimates of the inpatient care costs of CDI.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(9):1024–1030
FACTORS INFLUENCING MISTIMED AND UNWANTED PREGNANCIES AMONG NEPALI WOMEN
Authors: Acharya Pawan , Gautam Rupesh , Aro Arja R. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThis paper assesses the factors influencing mistimed and unwanted pregnancies in Nepal separately using data from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. Women who had given birth within the five years before the survey were interviewed about the intendedness of their last pregnancy. The data were analysed with a chi-squared test, followed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Among the total 5391 participants, 11.29% and 13.13% reported their last pregnancy as mistimed and unwanted respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that women from the hill region were more likely to report mistimed pregnancy, while women from the Western and Far-Western development regions were less likely to report mistimed pregnancy. Education status was positively correlated with the reporting of mistimed pregnancy. Women involved in agriculture, with full autonomy on household decision, with some exposure to mass media, belonging to higher age group and having third or higher parity were less likely to report mistimed pregnancy. Similarly, women from the Western development region had relatively higher odds of reporting unwanted pregnancy. Women with husbands involved in a paid job had lower odds of unwanted pregnancy. Women’s autonomy was also positively correlated with unwanted pregnancy. Women with the intention to use contraceptive had lower odds of unwanted pregnancy. Interventions targeting the factors identified by this study could be useful in reduction of mistimed and unwanted pregnancies among Nepali women.
A Simple Metric for Determining Resolution in Optical, Ion, and Electron Microscope Images
Authors: Curtin Alexandra E. , Skinner Ryan , Sanders Aric W. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA resolution metric intended for resolution analysis of arbitrary spatially calibrated images is presented. By fitting a simple sigmoidal function to pixel intensities across slices of an image taken perpendicular to light–dark edges, the mean distance over which the light–dark transition occurs can be determined. A fixed multiple of this characteristic distance is then reported as the image resolution. The prefactor is determined by analysis of scanning transmission electron microscope high-angle annular dark field images of Si<110>. This metric has been applied to optical, scanning electron microscope, and helium ion microscope images. This method provides quantitative feedback about image resolution, independent of the tool on which the data were collected. In addition, our analysis provides a nonarbitrary and self-consistent framework that any end user can utilize to evaluate the resolution of multiple microscopes from any vendor using the same metric.
The importance of collimator angle error in volumetric-modulated arc therapy
Authors: Puchades-Puchades Vicente , Serna-Berná Alfredo , Mata-Colodro Fernando , Ramos-Amores David , Alcaraz-Baños Miguel 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the dosimetric errors associated with the effect of the collimator angle error in volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatments.Methods and materialsFour patients with different planning target volume (PTV) and localisations treated using VMAT were analysed (high-risk prostate, low-risk prostate, head and neck (H&amp;N) and holocranial with hippocampus protection) in terms of dosimetric variations when errors in the collimator angle were introduced. Original plans underwent modifications of the planned collimator angles of ±0·5°, ±1° and ±1·5°. These modified plans were re-calculated using the same original plan fluencies, and the resulting dose–volume histograms and homogeneity index (HI-ICRU) were compared.ResultsFor the high-risk prostate case, there was a noticeable loss of PTV dose coverage for collimator angle errors larger than ±1°, with HI-ICRU relative variations up to 75% in the range analysed. The low-risk prostate case did not present significant changes in organs at risk or PTV dose coverage. For the H&amp;N case, the spinal cord presented changes around 4% forD0·1 cc. In the holocranial case, optic lens showed dose variations up to 5% for collimator angle errors larger than ±1°.ConclusionsThe effect of the collimator error in VMAT increased as the PTV increased.For selecting the position of the isocentre, one should be cautious, and whenever possible choose a position close to the geometrical centre of the PTVs in order to avoid or minimise errors from the calibration of the collimator angle.
Variants in ELL2 influencing immunoglobulin levels associate with multiple myeloma
Authors: Swaminathan Bhairavi , Thorleifsson Guðmar , Jöud Magnus , Ali Mina , Johnsson Ellinor , Ajore Ram , Sulem Patrick , Halvarsson Britt-Marie , Eyjolfsson Guðmundur , Haraldsdottir Vilhelmina , Hultman Christina , Ingelsson Erik , Kristinsson Sigurður Y. , Kähler Anna K. , Lenhoff Stig , Masson Gisli , Mellqvist Ulf-Henrik , Månsson Robert , Nelander Sven , Olafsson Isleifur , Sigurðardottir Olof , Steingrimsdóttir Hlif , Vangsted Annette , Vogel Ulla , Waage Anders , Nahi Hareth , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Rafnar Thorunn , Turesson Ingemar , Gullberg Urban , Stefánsson Kári , Hansson Markus , Thorsteinsdóttir Unnur , Nilsson Björn 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by an uninhibited, clonal growth of plasma cells. While first-degree relatives of patients with MM show an increased risk of MM, the genetic basis of inherited MM susceptibility is incompletely understood. Here we report a genome-wide association study in the Nordic region identifying a novel MM risk locus at ELL2 (rs56219066T; odds ratio (OR)=1.25; P=9.6 × 10−10). This gene encodes a stoichiometrically limiting component of the super-elongation complex that drives secretory-specific immunoglobulin mRNA production and transcriptional regulation in plasma cells. We find that the MM risk allele harbours a Thr298Ala missense variant in an ELL2 domain required for transcription elongation. Consistent with a hypomorphic effect, we find that the MM risk allele also associates with reduced levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and G (IgG) in healthy subjects (P=8.6 × 10−9 and P=6.4 × 10−3, respectively) and, potentially, with an increased risk of bacterial meningitis (OR=1.30; P=0.0024).
Using concatenated subunits to investigate the functional consequences of heterotetrameric inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors
Authors: Chandrasekhar Rahul , Alzayady Kamil J. , Yule David I. 
Published: May 2015

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are a family of ubiquitous, ER localized, tetrameric Ca2+ release channels. There are three subtypes of the IP3Rs (R1, R2, R3), encoded by three distinct genes, that share ∼60–70% sequence identity. The diversity of Ca2+ signals generated by IP3Rs is thought to be largely the result of differential tissue expression, intracellular localization and subtype-specific regulation of the three subtypes by various cellular factors, most significantly InsP3, Ca2+ and ATP. However, largely unexplored is the notion of additional signal diversity arising from the assembly of both homo and heterotetrameric InsP3Rs. In the present article, we review the biochemical and functional evidence supporting the existence of homo and heterotetrameric populations of InsP3Rs. In addition, we consider a strategy that utilizes genetically concatenated InsP3Rs to study the functional characteristics of heterotetramers with unequivocally defined composition. This approach reveals that the overall properties of IP3R are not necessarily simply a blend of the constituent monomers but that specific subtypes appear to dominate the overall characteristics of the tetramer. It is envisioned that the ability to generate tetramers with defined wild type and mutant subunits will be useful in probing fundamental questions relating to IP3R structure and function.
Overview of the 8th UK Gap Junction meeting–5th December 2014
Authors: Johnstone Scott J. , Wright Catherine S. , Martin Patricia E. 
Published: May 2015

The 8th UK Gap Junction meeting was held in Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU) on 5th December 2014. Emeritus Professor Howard Evans presented an overview of 50 years of gap junction research whereas Dr Brant Isakson, University of Virginia, discussed the intriguing role of recently identified pannexin proteins in endothelial function. Forty-five delegates from across the U.K. and the Europe attended the day with 12 talks from young researchers and five posters. This issue of biochemical transactions provides an overview of the highlights of the work discussed throughout the day.
International leadership re-/constructed?
Authors: Krzyżanowski Michał 
Published: May 2015

This article analyses European Union policy discourses on climate change from the point of view of constructions of identity. Articulated in a variety of policy-related genres, the EU rhetoric on climate change is approached as example of the Union’s international discourse, which, contrary to other areas of EU policy-making, relies strongly on discursive frameworks of international and global politics of climate change. As the article shows, the EU’s peculiar international – or even global – leadership in tackling the climate change is constructed in an ambivalent and highly heterogeneous discourse that runs along several vectors. While it on the one hand follows the more recent, inward-looking constructions of Europe known from the EU policy and political discourses of the 1990s and 2000s, it also revives some of the older discursive logics of international competition known from the earlier stages of the European integration. In the analysis, the article draws on the methodological apparatus of the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) in Critical Discourse Studies. Furthering the DHA studies of EU policy and political discourses, the article emphasises the viability of the discourse-historical methodology applied in the combined analysis of EU identity and policy discourses.
Herb extracts and collagen hydrolysate improve skin damage resulting from ultraviolet-induced aging in hairless mice
Authors: Jimbo Nozomi , Kawada Chinatsu , Nomura Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
We examined the effect of the daily ingestion of herb extract from Eucommia ulmoides leaves and Korean ginseng on skin damage induced by repeated UV irradiation of hairless mice. The herb extract was orally administered to mice at a dose of 1000 mg/kg/day. The hydration of mice dorsal skin decreased significantly with repeated UV irradiation, but did not decrease when the herb extract was administered for seven weeks. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) increased with UV irradiation, but decreased with the administration of dietary herb extract. These effects were more pronounced when combined with the administration of collagen hydrolysate. Geniposidic acid from E. ulmoides leaves and ginsenoside Rg1 from Korean ginseng reduced TEWL and increased the skin moisture content of UV-damaged skin on hairless mice, respectively. We concluded that this dietary herb extract reduced the skin damage caused by UV-induced aging, with geniposidic acid and ginsenoside Rg1 detected in the blood.
Dynamic prediction and compensation of aerocraft assembly variation based on state space model
Authors: Cao Yujun , Li Xin , Zhang Zhixiong , Shang Jianzhong 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to clarify the predicting and compensating method of aeroplane assembly. It proposes modeling the process of assembly. The paper aims to solve the precision assembly of aeroplane, which includes predicting the assembly variation and compensating the assembly errors.Design/methodology/approach– The paper opted for an exploratory study using the state space theory and small displacement torsor theory. The assembly variation propagation model is established. The experiment data are obtained by a real small aeroplane assembly process.Findings– The paper provides the predicting and compensating method for aeroplane assembly accuracy.Originality/value– This paper fulfils an identified need to study how the assembly variation propagates in the assembly process.
Variation modeling for fuselage structures in large aircraft digital assembly
Authors: Cheng Liang , Wang Qing , Li Jiangxiong , Ke Yinglin 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The aim of this paper is to present a new variation modeling method for fuselage structures in digital large aircraft assembly. The variation accumulated in a large aircraft assembly process will influence the dimensional accuracy and fatigue life of airframes. However, in digital large aircraft assembly, variation analysis and modeling are still unresolved issues.Design/methodology/approach– An elastic structure model based on beam elements is developed, which is an equivalent idealization of the actual complex structure. The stiffness matrix of the structure model is obtained by summing the stiffness matrices of the beam elements. For each typical stage of the aircraft digital assembly process, including positioning, coordinating, joining and releasing, variation models are built using the simplified structure model with respective loads and boundary conditions.Findings– Using position errors and manufacturing errors as inputs, the variations for every stage of the assembly process can be calculated using the proposed model.Practical implications– This method has been used in a large fuselage section assembly project, and the calculated results were shown to be a good prediction of variation in the actual assembly.Originality/value– Although certain assumptions have been imposed, the proposed method provides a better understanding of the assembly process and creates an analytical foundation for further work on variation control and tolerance optimization.
Contemporary process to test the theory of a research model through covariance-based structural equation modeling in business research
Authors: Svensson Göran 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe potential flaws and pitfalls in the contemporary process of testing the theory of a research model in business research through the use of covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM).

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper offers a foundation for discussion, debate and questioning regarding the contemporary process of testing the theory of a research model in business research through CB-SEM.

Findings
– The contemporary process to test theory of a research model through CB-SEM in business research lacks to a large extent a stepwise and iterative process of an accumulation of knowledge to build sound and rigorous business theory that is both reliable and valid over time as well as across contexts.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper provides an awakening toward further debate and discussion on the relevance and suitability of the contemporary process to test the theory of a research model through CB-SEM in business research – is it science, quasi-science or just nonsense?

Practical implications
– The primary implication of this paper is that its content will challenge most readers
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preconceptions of the topic and stimulate debate. Subsequently, it is the author’s hope that the content is thought-provoking and counterintuitive. Some scholars might reject the content, while others may find it valuable.

Originality/value
– The paper intends to provide counterintuitive thoughts regarding the contemporary process of testing the theory of a research model in business research through the use of CB-SEM. CB-SEM offers potentially valuable merits in business research settings, if applied and performed properly.