bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(274) A NOVEL METHOD USING MRI FOR PREOPERATIVE PENILE IMPLANT LENGTH PREDICTION: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Nabil Dr Mohamed , Ragheb Dr Ahmed , Elbatanouny Dr Ahmed , Badawy Dr Hany , Nabil Dr Nour El Deen , Elmarakby Dr Akram 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) is the standard treatment for patients with refractory erectile dysfunction (ED). Traditionally, diverse intraoperative techniques are used to determine penile implant size. This case series aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel method for preoperative penile implant length prediction using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods
Six patients who underwent PPI were included in our series. Two received an inflatable implant (Rigicon Infla10®), two received a malleable implant (Boston Scientific Tactra®), and two received a malleable (Rigicon Rigi10®). Prior to surgery, a biparametric MRI of the penis was performed to measure the length of the right and left corpora cavernosa before and after prostaglandin intracorporeal injection (ICI). The same measurements were repeated intraoperative using the Furlow ruler and compared to the preoperative results.

Results
After ICI, MRI study showed a statistically significant increase in the length of both the right and left corpora cavernosa compared to preinjection measurements (p=0.001, and p=0.003, respectively). However, no statistically significant difference was found when we compared preoperative MRI length measurements of the right and left corpora cavernosa to their intraoperative lengths measurements (p=0.34, and p=0.32, respectively).

Conclusions
Preoperative corpora cavernosa MRI length measurements are comparable to those measured conventionally during surgery. Hence, MRI may be utilized for preoperative penile implant length prediction which may be beneficial for both surgery planning and patient counselling.

Conflicts of Interest
No conflicts of interest are to be disclosed.
Exploring the nature of the jetted hybrid AGNs: PKS 2004-447, 3C 286, and PKS 0440-00 through the SED modeling
Authors: Luna-Cervantes J , Tramacere A , Benítez E 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
In this work, we explore the connection of three jetted $\gamma -$loud AGNs classes: Compact steep-spectrum sources (CSS), Narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1), and flat-spectrum radio quasars, through the modelling of the spectral energy distribution (SED). We selected two sources identified as CSS/NLS1 hybrids, PKS 2004-440 and 3C 286. Additionally, we included the source PKS 0440-00, initially classified as an FSRQ in the first Fermi-LAT catalogue, but recently reclassified as an NLS1. We present the results of their broadband SED modelling using a one-zone leptonic synchrotron-self Compton (SSC) + external Compton (EC) model. By exploring the parameter space and investigating the disc–jet connection in these sources, we analyse their classification in a model-dependent way. Our findings reveal that modeling PKS 2004-447 at relatively large angles, as expected for CSS, results in an SSC-dominated inverse Compton emission. In contrast, at low-observing angles, the inverse Compton emission is dominated by external photon fields. Both scenarios result in a jet with a low-radiative power. For 3C 286, we found that using a one-zone model limits the jet viewing angle to $\sim 7^{\circ }$, mainly due to its impact on the $\gamma$-ray emission. Our model results show a magnetically dominated jet, consistent with $\gamma$-CSS sources. Our results suggest that PKS 0440-00, can be classified as a powerful $\gamma -$NLS1, characterized by high accretion power and a jet dominated by bulk motion, similar to FSRQs.
The effect of higher harmonics on gravitational wave dark sirens
Authors: Liu Jian-Dong , Han Wen-Biao , Yun Qianyun , Yang Shu-Cheng 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The gravitational wave (GW) signal from the merger of two black holes can serve as a standard sirens for cosmological inference. However, a degeneracy exists between the luminosity distance and the inclination angle between the binary system’s orbital angular momentum and the observer’s line of sight, limiting the precise measurement of the luminosity distance. In this study, we investigate how higher harmonics affect luminosity distance estimation for third-generation (3G) GW detectors in binary black hole mergers. Our findings demonstrate that considering higher harmonics significantly enhances distance inference results compared with using only the (2, 2) mode. This improved accuracy in distance estimates also strengthens constraints on host galaxies, enabling more precise measurements of the Hubble constant. These results highlight the significant influence of higher harmonics on the range estimation accuracy of 3G ground-based GW detectors.
A question of personalities: evolution of viscous and wind-driven protoplanetary discs in the presence of dead zones
Authors: Tong Simin , Alexander Richard , Rosotti Giovanni 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Whether the angular momentum of protoplanetary discs is redistributed by viscosity or extracted by magnetized winds is a long-standing question. Demographic indicators, such as gas disc sizes and stellar accretion rates, have been proposed as ways of distinguishing between these two mechanisms. In this paper, we implement one-dimensional gas simulations to study the evolution of ‘hybrid’ protoplanetary discs simultaneously driven by viscosity and magnetized winds, with dead zones present. We explore how the variations of disc properties, including initial disc sizes, dead zone sizes, and angular momentum transport efficiency, affect stellar accretion rates, disc surface density profiles, disc sizes, disc lifetimes, and cumulative mass-loss by different processes. Our models show that the expansion of the gas disc size can be sustained when the majority of angular momentum is removed by the magnetized wind for individual protoplanetary discs. However, when we can only observe discs via demographic screenshots, the variation of disc sizes with time is possibly diminished by the disc ‘personalities’, by which we mean the variations of initial disc properties among different discs. Our ‘hybrid’ models re-assess association of the two demographic indicators with mechanisms responsible for angular momentum transport and suggest that additional diagnostics are required to assist the differentiation.
Therapeutic Role of HPV Vaccination on Benign HPV-induced Epithelial Proliferations in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Patients: Case Study and Review of the Literature
Authors: Matucci-Cerinic Caterina , Herzum Astrid , Ciccarese Giulia , Rosina Silvia , Caorsi Roberta , Gattorno Marco , Occella Corrado , Viglizzo Gianmaria , Volpi Stefano 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination represents a milestone in primary prevention of sexually transmitted infections. However, little is known about its possible effects on already established HPV infections. We report the case of a 9-year-old immunosuppressed girl with refractory warts, successfully treated with the nonavalent-HPV vaccine and review the literature about the therapeutic effects of HPV vaccination on benign HPV-induced epithelial proliferations in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. In the literature, promising results were shown on cutaneous warts after HPV vaccination, especially in children and young adults, also in immunosuppressed patients, whereas controverse results were found on anogenital warts. These findings suggest a critical need for randomized clinical trials to assess the efficacy of HPV vaccination in the treatment of benign HPV-induced epithelial proliferations.
Populism as a centrist strategy for disqualification: The use of ‘populism(s)/populist(s)’ in Belgian, French and Spanish Parliaments
Authors: Bailly Jessy , Rondiat Coline , Augé Anaïs , Reuchamps Min 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article examines the uses of the words populism(s) and populist(s)—hereafter populis*—by Members of Parliaments from Belgium, France, and Spain in 2019. It presents noteworthy findings unexplored in the literature on the uses of populis*. First, when employed by MPs, populis* refers mainly to actions, discourses and elusive threats rather than directly blaming political enemies (except in Spain). Second, in the three focal countries, populis* is mainly used pejoratively by right and centre-right MPs as a strategy implemented to disqualify political projects and discourses deemed nationalist, demagogical, and extremist. The originality of our study lies in demonstrating similar trends in Belgium, France, and Spain, while also unveiling differences stemming from national contexts.
Progressive Strain Localization and Fluid Focusing in Mantle Shear Zones during Rifting: Petrostructural Constraints from the Zabargad Peridotites, Red Sea
Authors: Chardelin Mérope , Tommasi AndrÉa , PadrÓn-Navarta JosÉ Alberto 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article documents the evolution of pressure and temperature conditions and the successive influence of hydrous melts and aqueous fluids on the operation of extensional shear zones, which exhumed mantle slivers from deep lithospheric or asthenospheric depths, in a rift-to-drift setting. These results are based on a re-analysis of 40 samples from three peridotite massifs of Zabargad island in the northern Red Sea. By integrating high-resolution mapping of the microstructure by electron backscattered diffraction with recent developments in barometry for plagioclase-bearing peridotites and thermodynamic modelling of peridotitic compositions, this study (1) constrains the temporal and spatial evolution of petrological and tectonic processes in the shallow mantle during rifting and (2) documents the presence of melts or aqueous fluids throughout the activity of the shear zones, unravelling substantial feedback between petrological and tectonic processes. Thermobarometry and thermodynamic modelling, constrained by the microstructural observations, document progressive strain localization associated with shearing under decreasing pressure and temperature, from near solidus conditions at &gt;1 GPa (in the north and central peridotite massifs) or ~ 0.7 GPa (in the southern massif) to &lt;600°C and &lt; 0.3 GPa in all three massifs. The data substantiate local aqueous fluid saturation in the shear zones. This together with higher contents of hydrous minerals in ultramylonites indicate fluid focusing in the shear zones, with seawater ingress extending to &gt;10 km depth. The presence of melts or fluids enabled concurrent dislocation and dissolution–precipitation creep, resulting in weakening of the shear zones. However, fluid supply was spatially heterogeneous and likely intermittent, with equilibrium achieved only locally in the ultramylonites. The present study documents therefore how the feedback between progressive strain localization and fluid focusing in extensional shear zones contributes to thinning and exhumation of the mantle during continental rifting and the rift-to-drift transition.
Nuclear factors NF-YC3 and NF-YBs positively regulate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in tomato
Authors: Chien Heng , Kuo Ting-Yu , Yao Ching-Hung , Su Yi-Ru , Chang Yu-Ting , Guo Zheng-Lin , Chang Kai-Chieh , Hsieh Yu-Heng , Yang Shu-Yi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The involvement of nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) in transcriptional reprogramming during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis has been demonstrated in several plant species. However, a comprehensive picture is lacking. We showed that the spatial expression of NF-YC3 was observed in cortical cells containing arbuscules via the cis-regulatory element GCC boxes. Moreover, the NF-YC3 promoter was transactivated by the combination of CYCLOPS and autoactive calcium and calmodulin-dependent kinase (CCaMK) via GCC boxes. Knockdown of NF-YC3 significantly reduced the abundance of all intraradical fungal structures and affected arbuscule size. BCP1, SbtM1, and WRI5a, whose expression associated with NF-YC3 levels, might be downstream of NF-YC3. NF-YC3 interacted with NF-YB3a, NF-YB5c, or NF-YB3b, in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and in planta, and interacted with NF-YA3a in yeast. Spatial expression of 3 NF-YBs was observed in all cell layers of roots under both mock and mycorrhizal conditions. Simultaneous knockdown of 3 NF-YBs, but not individually, reduced the fungal colonization level, suggesting that there might be functional redundancy of NF-YBs to regulate AM symbiosis. Collectively, our data suggest that NF-YC3 and NF-YBs positively regulate AM symbiosis in tomato, and arbuscule-related NF-YC3 may be an important downstream gene of the common symbiosis signaling pathway.
Dereliction of Duty: Congressional Inaction and the Coming Crisis in Social Security
Authors: Campbell Andrea Louise 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In 2033, American social policy will reach a crossroads when the trust fund for its largest and most successful program runs out. Without Congressional action, Social Security benefits, which constitute most of the retirement income of most senior citizens, will fall by 21 percent. This shortfall has been predicted for three decades, and yet Congress has done nothing. In Fixing Social Security, R. Douglas Arnold applies the model of Congressional behavior from his seminal 1990 book, The Logic of Congressional Action, to analyze why Social Security solvency crises periodically emerge, why Congress has ignored the coming emergency, what lawmakers may do “at the precipice,” and the degree to which the rise of the conservative movement, political polarization, and other features of contemporary American politics will affect the outcome. This incisive, wonderfully well-written book will be of broad interest to the public and to scholars of social policy, Congress, and American politics.
Effect of methadone maintenance therapy on sexual disorders in males: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dorooshi Gholamali , Otroshi Arman , Nemati Kourosh , Ramezannezhad Pantea , Eizadi-Mood Nastaran 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is a popular method of treating opioid use disorder. However, the majority of drug-using males experience sexual dysfunction.

Objectives
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the possible impact of MMT on sexual dysfunction in drug-using males.

Methods
Cochrane, Web of Science, ProQuest, PubMed, and Google Scholar are the international databases that we used in this study. There were neither temporal nor regional limitations on the search. Stata version 14 (StataCorp) was used for data analysis.

Results
When compared with the control group, the MMT group, as measured by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), exhibited significantly greater levels of intercourse satisfaction disorders (standardized mean difference [SMD], –0.52; 95% CI, –0.71 to –0.32), decreased sexual desire/drive (SMD, –0.44; 95% CI, –0.87 to –0.01), lower overall satisfaction (SMD, –0.27; 95% CI, –0.43 to –0.11), and reduced total IIEF score (SMD, –0.69; 95% CI, –0.92 to –0.47). According to the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale, the MMT group was substantially more satisfied with orgasm than the control group (SMD, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.31-0.86). As determined by the Sexual History Form, MMT was linked to a statistically significant increase in orgasmic dysfunction in comparison with the control group (SMD, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.10-1.20). The Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale revealed a significant decrease in men reporting sexual disorder following MMT as compared with their pretreatment levels.

Conclusion
As compared with control, MMT increased disorders of intercourse satisfaction, sexual desire/drive, and overall satisfaction according to the IIEF. MMT was also associated with a statistically significant decrease in various aspects of male sexual function as compared with pretreatment levels—including erectile function, intercourse satisfaction, orgasmic function, sexual desire/drive, and overall satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of including sexual dysfunction screening in the routine care of male patients undergoing MMT.
How Many Is Too Many? Using Cognitive Load Theory to Determine the Maximum Safe Number of Inpatient Consultations for Trainees
Authors: Brondfield Sam , Blum Alexander M. , Mason James M. , O’Sullivan Patricia S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Cognitive load, specifically extraneous load (EL) reflective of distractions, may provide evidence of a lack of focus, potentially making additional work unsafe. The assessment of trainees performing inpatient consultations provides a helpful model for examining this question. The goal of this study was to provide useful information to clinical and educational leaders to optimize inpatient consultation services and rotations and mitigate potential patient safety risk.

Method
In 2019, using the Consult Cognitive Load instrument, the authors obtained EL data from inpatient consultations performed by internal medicine fellows and psychiatry residents across 5 University of California hospitals. In 2023, the authors constructed a Wright map to compare the participants’ EL data with the number of prior initial consultations performed during the shift.

Results
Of 326 trainees contacted, 139 (43%) completed the EL survey items. The Wright map shows that trainees were estimated to agree that interruptions were already distracting at the first consultation of the shift. After 4 consultations, trainees were estimated to strongly agree that interruptions were distracting, and to agree that emotions, extraneous information, and technology were distracting.

Conclusions
The authors propose a quantitative, empirically driven, mean safety limit of 4 new inpatient consultations per shift for trainees to avoid cognitive overload, thereby potentially supporting patient safety. Clinical and educational leaders can adjust this limit to fit the unique needs of their practice setting. A similar approach using cognitive load and item response theory could be used to conduct patient safety research in other domains.
Association Between Surgeon Sex and Days Alive at Home Following Surgery: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Heybati Kiyan , Satkunasivam Raj , Aminoltejari Khatereh , Thomas Hannah S. , Salles Arghavan , Coburn Natalie , Wright Frances C. , Gotlib Conn Lesley , Luckenbaugh Amy N. , Ranganathan Sanjana , Riveros Carlos , McCartney Colin , Armstrong Kathleen , Bass Barbara , Detsky Allan S. , Jerath Angela , Wallis Christopher J. D. 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
The objective of this study was to measure potential associations between surgeon sex and number of days alive and at home (DAH).

Background:
Patients treated by female surgeons appear to have lower rates of mortality, complications, readmissions, and healthcare costs when compared with male surgeons. DAH is a validated measure, shown to better capture the patient experience of postoperative recovery.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective study of adults (≥18 years of age) undergoing common surgeries between January 01, 2007 and December 31, 2019 in Ontario, Canada. The outcome measures were the number of DAH within 30-, 90-, and 365-days. The data was summarized using descriptive statistics and adjusted using multivariable generalized estimating equations.

Results:
During the study period, 1,165,711 individuals were included, of which 61.9% (N = 721,575) were female. Those managed by a female surgeon experienced a higher mean number of DAH when compared with male surgeons at 365 days (351.7 vs. 342.1 days; P < 0.001) and at each earlier time point. This remained consistent following adjustment for covariates, with patients of female surgeons experiencing a higher number of DAH at all time points, including at 365 days (343.2 [339.5–347.1] vs. 339.4 [335.9–343.0] days). Multivariable regression modeling revealed that patients of male surgeons had a significantly lower number of DAH versus female surgeons.

Conclusions:
Patients of female surgeons experienced a higher number of DAH when compared with those treated by male surgeons at all time points. More time spent at home after surgery may in turn lower costs of care, resource utilization, and potentially improve quality of life. Further studies are needed to examine these findings across other care contexts.
E-learning Interventions for Quality Improvement Continuing Medical Education—A Scoping Review
Authors: Roth Michael J. , Maggio Lauren A. , Costello Joseph A. , Samuel Anita 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Improving health care quality and patient safety are top priorities for the medical field. Robust continuing medical education (CME) programs represent major interventions to effectively teach quality improvement (QI) principles to practicing physicians. In particular, eLearning, a term describing online and distance learning interventions using digital tools, provides a means for CME interventions to reach broader audiences. Although there has been a focus on CME addressing QI, no knowledge synthesis has focused specifically on eLearning interventions. The purpose of this review was to examine the current landscape of eLearning interventions in QI-focused CME.

Methods:
We conducted a scoping review using the framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley as revised by Levac. We searched five databases and identified 2467 prospective publications, which two authors independently screened for inclusion. From each included article, two authors independently extracted data on the instructional modalities and QI tools used and met regularly to achieve consensus.

Results:
Twenty-one studies were included. Most studies used blended instruction (n = 12) rather than solely eLearning interventions. Salient findings included the importance of coaching from QI experts and institutional support for planning and implementing eLearning interventions. Lack of protected time and resources for participants were identified as barriers to participation in CME activities, with small practices being disproportionately affected.

Discussion:
Partnerships between CME developers and sponsoring organizations are vital in creating sustainable eLearning interventions for QI-focused CME. Remote coaching can be an effective strategy to provide ongoing support to geographically separated learners.