bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Potential of Low Frequency EPR Spectroscopy in Studying Pottery Artifacts and Pigments.
Authors: Ryan William J. , Zumbulyadis Nicholas , Hornak Joseph P. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTNon-destructive investigation, chemically fingerprinting, and authentication of ceramic cultural artifacts is a challenging analytical problem. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is capable of distinguishing between clays based on the paramagnetic metals present, and firing temperature (TF) based on the complexes of these metals formed at different TF values. Unfortunately, the 9 GHz frequency of conventional X-band EPR restricts sample size to a few mm and limits its applicability to small fragments. Low frequency EPR (LFEPR) is based on an EPR spectrometer operating at a few hundred MHz. LFEPR can utilize larger samples on the order of a few cm, but has a lower sensitivity due to the smaller Boltzmann ratio. Additionally, LFEPR may not be capable of detecting a spectral transition if the LFEPR operating frequency is less then the zero-field splitting of the paramagnetic metal complex. We utilized an LFEPR operating at 300 MHz which scans the applied magnetic field between the local Earth’s magnetic field and 26 mT to determine the feasibility of detecting EPR signals from clays, pigments, and glazes. Various clay samples were studied at 100 < TF < 1200 °C. Spectral differences were seen as a function of both clay type and TF. Differences in the LFEPR spectra of Han, Egyptian, and Ultramarine blue support the ability to distinguish among pigments. Paramagnetic impurities in glass may allow distinction between glaze spectra. We have also explored the utility of LFESR by the use of a radio frequency surface coil rather than an enclosed resonator. Although the active volume of the surface coil is ∼1 cm3, objects as large as 20 cm in diameter might be easily characterized with our spectrometer.
Quantitative Porosity Studies of Archaeological Ceramics by Petrographic Image Analysis
Authors: Reedy Chandra L. , Anderson Jenifer , Reedy Terry J. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTPores in archaeological ceramics can form in a number of different ways, and reflect both deliberate choices and uncontrollable factors. Characterizing porosity by digital image analysis of thin sections holds a number of advantages as well as limitations. We present the results of experiments aimed at improving this method, focusing on high-resolution scans of entire thin sections. We examine the reproducibility of pore measurements by petrographic image analysis of ceramic thin sections using laboratory-prepared specimens of clay mixed with sand of known amount and size. We outline protocols for measuring Total Optical Porosity, using the Image-Pro Premier software package. We also briefly discuss use of pore size and pore shape (aspect ratio and roundness) in characterizing archaeological ceramics. While discerning reasons for observed amounts, sizes, and shapes of pores is an extremely complex problem, the quantitative analysis of ceramic porosity is one tool for characterizing a ware and comparing a product to others. The methods outlined here are applied to a case study comparing historic bricks from the Read House in New Castle, Delaware; the porosity studies indicate that different construction campaigns used bricks from different sources.
Novel hydroxyapatite-based consolidant and the acceleration of hydrolysis of silicate-based consolidants
Authors: Naidu Sonia , Liu Chun , Scherer George W. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the effectiveness of hydroxyapatite (HAP) as an inorganic consolidant for physically weathered Indiana Limestone, and as a coupling agent between limestone and a silicate consolidant. A double application is investigated, in which samples are coated with HAP followed by a commercially available silicate-based consolidant (Conservare® OH-100). To artificially weather limestone, a thermal degradation technique was utilized. Diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) salt was reacted with limestone, alone and with cationic precursors, to produce HAP films. The dynamic elastic modulus, water sorptivity and tensile strength of the treated stones were evaluated. HAP was found to be an effective consolidant for weathered Indiana Limestone, and its performance was enhanced by addition of millimolar quantities of calcium chloride. However, HAP was not useful as a coupling agent; a double treatment with DAP is more effective than sequential treatment with DAP and Conservare®.
Synthesis of Submicron-Sized, Monodisperse Spherical V2O5 Particles
Authors: Yamamoto S. , Takano M. , Shimakawa Y. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe have succeeded in preparing submicron-sized monodisperse spherical V2O5 particles by hydrolysis of vanadium isopropoxide (VO(OiPr)3) in acetone/pyridine (Py) mixture solution for the first time. These particles had almost perfect spherical shape and were non-agglomerated. Their size could be easily controlled from 200 to 800 nm by changing the concentration of pyridine while keeping narrow size distribution (standard deviation, ca. 7%). Elemental and Fourier Transform Infrared analyses revealed that these particles have a composition of V2O5.xPy.yH2O (x ≈ 0.8, y ≈ 0.9) independent of their size. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that these particles have layered structure similar to that of V2O5.nH2O xerogel with an interlayer spacing of ca. 1.05 nm independent of their size, possibly due to the intercalation of H2O and pyridine between the V2O5 sheets.
How well is firn densification represented by a physically based multilayer model? Model evaluation for Devon Ice Cap, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Gascon Gabrielle , Sharp Martin , Burgess David , Bezeau Peter , Bush Andrew B.G. , Morin Samuel , Lafaysse Matthieu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEvaluation of how accurately snowpack models can capture hydrological processes in firn is critical to determining how well they will simulate future glacier mass-balance changes. Here we compare simulations using the Crocus snowpack model with the evolving firn stratigraphy recorded in 14 cores drilled at four elevations in the accumulation zone of Devon Ice Cap, Canada, during the 2004–12 period of rapid summer warming. Simulations were forced with a combination of surface observations and reanalysis data. Simulations resulted in positive model bias in near-surface density, and negative bias in density at depth compared to observations. Results point to the importance of incorporating heterogeneous percolation in firn in order to improve the representation of meltwater flow, better reproduce observed firn density and temperature profile evolution, and improve simulations of glacier mass balance during periods of climate warming.
Conceptual thoughts on continuum damage mechanics for shallow ice shelves
Authors: Keller Arne , Hutter Kolumban 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe consider a theory for shallow ice shelves that includes an isotropic damage variable. A zeroth-order shallow-shelf approximation allows a simple yet consistent treatment of both ice dynamics and damage evolution. We find that the damage variable (like temperature) has, in general, to vary with depth; a purely two-dimensional membrane theory can only be considered a rough approximation for isothermal ice shelves.
Outcome of Vesiciureteric Reflux After Primary Fulguration of Posterior Urethral Valves
Authors: Pervez M. M. Masud , Hasina Kaniz , Huq Md. Ashraf Ul , Nooruzzaman Md. , Hanif Abdul 
Published: July 2014

Introduction: Congenital obstruction of the urethra is one of the most devastating anomalies to occur in the urinary tract and one of the few that are life-threatening in the neonatal period. Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is the most frequent cause of urethral obstruction in male child. These lesions usually result in lifelong disabilities with incontinence and decreased renal function despite optimal medical management. Primary fulguration without upper tract diversion is the preferred modality of treatment in most cases of PUV. Regular follow-up is needed to check completion of valve fulguration, renal function, status of hydronephrosis, vesicoureteric reflux (VUR), urinary tract infection (UTI), and bladder function.Materials and methods: We conducted interventional study among 30 purposively selected patients of PUV in the Department of Pediatric surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, over a period of 16 months from December 2009 to March 2011. Age of study subjects varied from 2 days to 14 years. Among the 30 patients, 16 were children in the age group between 1year to14 years (53.3%), 11(36.7%) were infants and the rest 03(10%) were neonates. Most of the patients presented with weak urinary stream, dribbling of urine, straining at micturition, UTI and palpable bladder. All children were subjected to ultrasonography(USG),blood urea, serum creatinine, routine urine examination and culture studies. Structured questionnaire was used to collect information regarding improvement of VUR and renal functional status before & after primary fulguration of PUV.Results: Average serum creatinine level was found gradually decreased in subsequent follow up in comparison with the previous one. This difference of creatinine level was found statistically significant in t test (p<0.01). Average blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was also decreased which was found statistically significant (p<0.05). VUR was present in 63.3% cases. Non- VUR was found in 60% cases on right side and 50% cases on left side. On the third follow-up after 3 months it became 73.3% on right side and 63.3% on left side. Positive correlation found in Pearson correlation test about the changes of reflux grades before and after fulguration was significant at the level of 0.01(p<0.001). It was significant on both left and right kidneys. Positive correlation found in Pearson correlation test about the changes of GFR before and after fulguration was also significant at the level of 0.01(p <0.001). Collected data was cleaned, edited and analyzed with the help of software SPSS window version 15.0.Conclusion: In this study, VUR disappeared in some cases and decreased in majority of the cases by 3 months after adequate restoration of urethral patency. Renal function came to normal range in two thirds of the cases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v2i2.19542
Evaluation of Congenital Upper Urinary Tract Anomalies in Hypospadias
Authors: Farooq Md. Abdullah Al , Hoque Shafiqul 
Published: July 2014

Background: Hypospadias may be associated with other congenital upper urinary tract anomalies. Literature showed various opinions to evaluate or not to evaluate upper urinary tract in hypospadias patient. Frequency of upper urinary tract anomalies also varies. This study was carried out on this background to avoid confusion.Objectives: Morphological evaluation of upper urinary tract to find out the frequency of upper urinary tract anomalies associated with uncomplicated hypospadias patients and give a guideline for investigation of such patients. Methods: This prospective study was designed and accomplished in the Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka; Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka and Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH), Chittagong; Bangladesh from October 2004 to June 2006. Eighty five (85) patient with hypospadias having neither any congenital anomalies, nor other genital ambiguity, nor any secondary vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) or meatal stenosis were selected for the study. Detailed history and examination were carried out. Upper urinary tract of all patients were evaluated by Ultrasonography (USG), Intravenous Urography (IVU), and Micturating Cystourethrography (MCU).To exclude genital ambiguity in perineal hypospadias, karyotype were done to ascertain male sex. Results were analyzed by SPSS with the help of Chi-square and Z approximation test . Result : Eighty five (85) patients were taken. All patients were evaluated by USG, IVU and MCU to detect congenital upper urinary tract anomalies.Results: Four (4) patients had had upper urinary tract anomalies. One (1) patient found to have left sided pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) while one (1) patient had right sided pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO). One (1) patient was found to have left sided pelviureteric duplication and the last patient with left renal agenesis. USG detected three (3) anomalies in 85 patients (3.53%) and IVU detected all four (4) anomalies in 85 patients (4.7%), but no primary reflux was detected by MCU. Overall frequency of upper urinary tract anomalies was 4.7%. Eighty one (81) patients (95.3%) had no anomalies. USG detected 3 (three) anomalies out of 4 (four) patients (75%) & IVU detected all four anomalies (100%). Absence of upper urinary tract anomaly was statistically significant.Conclusion: Frequency of upper urinary tract anomalies are significantly low (4.7%) in uncomplicated hypospadias. USG can detect 75% congenital upper urinary tract anomalies in hypospadias patients. So USG is good enough and recommended to evaluate upper urinary tract anomalies in uncomplicated hypospadias patients. There is no need to evaluate upper urinary tract by IVU or MCU in such patients, if asymptomatic otherwise.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v2i2.19547
Two new species ofEpipocus(Coleoptera: Endomychidae) from Mexico and Costa Rica, with a discussion on species groups inEpipocus
Authors: Arriaga-Varela Emmanuel , Tomaszewska Wioletta , Shockley Floyd W. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTwo new species ofEpipocusGermar (Coleoptera: Endomychidae) are described:Epipocus olmecusnew speciesfrom Veracruz, Mexico, andE. costatusnew speciesfrom Puntarenas, Costa Rica. The species groups ofEpipocusproposed by Strohecker are discussed and a modified key to theE.rufitarsisgroup accommodating these two new species is provided.
Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Comparing Latanoprost with Other Glaucoma Medications in Chronic Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Authors: Li Jingjing , Lin Xiaoti , Yu Minbin 
Published: July 2014

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of latanoprost compared with other glaucoma medications in the treatment of chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) and to provide the basis for clinical medication. Methods Major literature databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) involving latanoprost among patients with CACG. Primary outcome measures were absolute changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and incidence of ocular adverse events. Statistical analyses included the calculation of standardized mean difference (SMD) and relative risk (RR). The statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 12.0 software. Results Ten RCT involving 1096 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Analysis showed that latanoprost was not significantly different from other glaucoma medications in reducing IOP (SMD = 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.02 to 0.59, p=0.069). Further subgroup analysis revealed that latanoprost was superior compared with timolol (SMD = 0.64, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.82, p<0.001) and marginally inferior to travoprost and bimatoprost (SMD = −0.19, 95% CI −0.35 to −0.02, p = 0.026). As for conjunctival hyperemia, latanoprost caused a higher proportion than timolol (RR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.27 to 4.37, p = 0.007). However, latanoprost was associated with lower incidence of conjunctival hyperemia (RR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.59, p<0.001), and with fewer occurrence of other ocular side effects (excluding conjunctival hyperemia) than travoprost and bimatoprost (RR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.78, p<0.001). Conclusions Travoprost and bimatoprost are superior in IOP control than latanoprost, but latanoprost is better tolerated in patients with CACG.
Vascular Comorbidity in Patients with Low-Tension Glaucoma
Authors: Tarkkanen Ahti H.A. , Kivelä Tero T. 
Published: July 2014

Purpose To report vascular comorbidities, arterial hypertension (HT), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with low-tension glaucoma (LTG) with maximum intraocular pressure (IOP) of 18 mm Hg or less. Uniform criteria for glaucoma and the comorbidities were applied. Methods We reviewed records of 519 consecutive patients to whom the Finnish National Social Insurance Institution (FSII) had granted cost-free medication for the treatment of glaucoma. The FSII operates national health insurance, which is compulsory for all Finnish citizens. There were 344 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 155 with exfoliative glaucoma (EG). Twenty cases were discarded for having other types of glaucoma. In the POAG group, there were 38 patients, with a median IOP of 16 mm Hg (range 12–18). We were masked to the systemic comorbidities when the registry provided us data on those to whom FSII had also granted cost-free medication for HT, IHD, or DM according to the uniform national criteria. Results None of the patients with LTG had exfoliation syndrome. There was a female predominance, 81%, compared to 68% in high-tension POAG. Hypertension had been diagnosed in 34%, which is the same as in high-tension POAG. A total of 24% had IHD, which is the same as in the Finnish population registry. Diabetes mellitus was present in only 5%. In all groups, patients with LTG with systemic comorbidity were markedly older than those without. Conclusions In patients with LTG with median IOP 16 mm Hg (range 12–18), glaucomatous optic disc cupping and glaucomatous visual field defects probably developed independently of the systemic vascular comorbidity. However, the diagnostic criteria for HT, IHD, and DM used in the current study were based on the severity of stages set in the FSII system.
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty for Central Venous Disease in Dialysis Patients: Influence on Cardiac Function
Authors: Banshodani Masataka , Kawanishi Hideki , Shintaku Sadanori , Moriishi Misaki , Yamashita Tetsumasa , Ago Rika , Sato Tomoyasu , Tsuchiya Shinichiro 
Published: July 2014

Purpose Increased vascular access flow after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for central venous stenosis and occlusion (central venous disease, CVD) can affect cardiac function in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We evaluated the cardiac function, etiology, and treatment in HD patients with CVD. Methods HD patients with CVD treated by PTA between June 2006 and February 2013 were studied. Results Of the 26 patients, 22 had left arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), 1 left arteriovenous graft (AVG), 2 right AVFs, and 1 right AVG. CVD sites were the left brachiocephalic vein (LBCV; n=13), left subclavian vein (LSCV; n=7), both LBCV and LSCV (n=3), right BCV (n=2), and right SCV (n=1). Computed tomography findings indicated a high extrinsic compression rate for the LBCV (91%) and LSCV (50%). The success rate of PTA was 96%. The primary patency rates at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were 81%, 73%, 65%, and 57%, respectively. The post-PTA brachial artery flow volume was significantly increased compared with the pre-PTA volume (1306 vs. 957 ml/min; p=0.005). The post-PTA left ventricular ejection fraction and expiration inferior vena cava diameter were the same as the pre-PTA values (57% versus 60%, p=0.2 and 17 versus 17 mm, p=0.9, respectively). Conclusions Our findings suggest that increased vascular access flow after PTA for CVD has no relation to cardiac function.
Copper‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Azidotrifluoromethylation/Difunctionalization of Alkenes
Authors: Yang Mingbo , Wang Wenlu , Liu Yin , Feng Lijie , Ju Xuexia 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA novel three‐component strategy for the azidotrifluoromethylation of alkenes has been presented here. The reaction proceeded smoothly under gentle temperature and gave the bifunctional olefins in high yields. Furthermore, 1,3‐dipolar reactions between azide‐containing products and phenylacetylene revealed great potential in molecular modification by using this method.
Water‐Promoted Ring‐Opening Reactions of N‐Substituted Saccharins and Phthalimides by Amines
Authors: Bai Lisha , Zhang Xuan , Ma Ning 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe reactions of N‐substituted saccharins and phthalimides with amines were promoted by water. Various o‐sulfamoyl benzamides and N,N′‐disubstituted phthalamides were prepared in moderate to good yields. These reactions have prominent advantages, such as short reaction time, less by‐products and simple isolation of the products. Water can probably stabilize the reaction intermediates and facilitate precipitation of the ring‐opening products. When steric hindrance arose, hydrolytic compounds, either free acid or salts of the acids, were obtained. Possible reason for the formation of amine salts of o‐sulfamoyl benzoic acids was proposed.
A New Cyclization/Decarboxylation Reaction of Isatins with Acyl Chlorides for the Facile Synthesis of 3‐Alkenyl‐Oxindoles
Authors: Chen Lin , Wu Zhijun , Peng Lin , Wang Qilin , Xu Xiaoying , Wang Lixin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe first cyclization/decarboxylation reaction of isatins with acyl chlorides promoted by 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) was described and a series of desired 3‐alkenyl‐oxindoles were obtained in good yields (up to 80%) and E/Z selectivities (up to 6.4/1). This protocol provided a new and feasible access to 3‐alkenyl‐oxindoles.
Absolute Configurational Assignments of Amino Acid Esters by a CD‐Sensitive Malonamide‐Linked Zinc Bisporphyrinate Host
Authors: Liu Baozhen , Jiang Jiaxun , Fang Xianshi , Hu Chuanjiang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA novel malonamide‐linked zinc bisporphyrinate [Zn2‐1] has been designed and synthesized. UV‐vis and NMR spectroscopic studies suggest the molecule aggregates in solution. Such zinc bisporphyrinate is very CD‐sensitive when it is mixed with amino acid ethyl esters. The amplitude value of the induced circular dichroism (ICD) is up to ca. 1500 L·mol−1·cm−1. Further studies by 1H NMR and UV‐vis spectroscopies reveal amino acid esters function as monodentate ligands, and [Zn2‐1] interacts with amino acid ethyl esters through coordination and hydrogen bonding interactions.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone as an Efficient Stabilizer for Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Weidong , Zhang Linxia , Yang Qiuping , Wang Zhimin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAggregation of nanoparticles is a serious problem in their applications. In this article, stability of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was initially studied with different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl). Surfactant screening showed that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was an ideal stabilizer, which not only was effective at a low concentration (0.1%, V/V), but also could protect silver colloids from aggregation for a long period at 1 mol·L−1 NaCl, and 6 h even at 3 mol·L−1 NaCl. However, some other surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl (SDS), Triton X‐100, Tween‐20, and Tween‐80, could not prevent AgNPs from aggregation even at a high concentration up to 0.5% (V/V). This AgNPs stabilizer is simple and convenient for a variety of applications compared with others.
Complexation of Triptycene‐Derived Macrotricyclic Host Containing Pyridine Groups with Paraquat Derivatives: A Switchable Process Controlled by Zn2+ Ions
Authors: Han Ying , Guo Jiabin , Chen Chuanfeng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA triptycene‐derived macrotricyclic host containing two pyridine groups was synthesized, and it could form 1:1 stable host‐guest complexes with paraquat derivatives in both solution and solid state. Moreover, it was also found that binding and releasing of the guest molecules in the complexes could be efficiently controlled by zinc ions.
Generalized geometry and nonlinear realization of generalized diffeomorphism on D‐brane effective action
Authors: Asakawa T. , Muraki H. , Sasa S. , Watamura S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe characterization of the DBI action of a Dp‐brane using the generalized geometry is discussed. It is shown that the DBI action is invariant under the diffeomorphism and B‐transformation of the generalized tangent bundle of the target space. The symmetry is realized non‐linearly on the fluctuation of the D‐brane.