bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WALKING DOWN WALL STREET WITH A TABLET: A SURVEY OF STOCK MARKET PREDICTIONS USING THE WEB
Authors: Nardo Michela , Petracco‐Giudici Marco , Naltsidis Minás 
Published: January 2015

Abstract‘A blindfolded chimpanzee throwing darts at The Wall Street Journal could select a portfolio that would do as well as the (stock market) experts’ [Malkiel (2003) The efficient market hypothesis and its critics. Journal of Economic Perspectives 17(1): 59–82)]. However, what if this chimpanzee could browse the Internet before throwing any darts? In this paper, we ask whether online news has any influence on the financial market, and we also investigate how much influence it has. We explore the burgeoning literature on the predictability of financial movements using online information and report its mixed findings. In addition, we collate the efforts of various disciplines, including economics, text mining, sentiment analysis and machine learning, and we offer suggestions for future research.
Bone and the regulation of global energy balance
Authors: Zhang Q. , Riddle R. C. , Clemens T. L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe skeleton, populated by large numbers of osteoblasts and long‐lived osteocytes, requires a constant supply of energy‐rich molecules to fuel the synthesis, deposition and mineralization of bone matrix during bone modelling and remodelling. When these energetic demands are not met, bone acquisition is suppressed. Recent findings suggest that key developmental signals emanating from Wnt low‐density lipoprotein‐related receptor 5 and hypoxia‐inducible factor pathways impact osteoblast bioenergetics to accommodate the energy requirements for bone cells to fulfil their function. In vivo studies in several mutant mouse strains have confirmed a link between bone cells and global metabolism, ultimately leading to the identification of hormonal interactions between the skeleton and other tissues. The hormones insulin and leptin affect postnatal bone acquisition, whilst osteocalcin produced by the osteoblast in turn stimulates insulin secretion by the pancreas. These observations have prompted additional questions regarding the nature of the mechanisms of fuel sensing and processing in the osteoblast and their contribution to overall energy utilization and homeostasis. Answers to such questions should advance our understanding of metabolic diseases and may ultimately improve management of affected patients. In this review, we highlight recent studies in this field and offer a perspective on the evolutionary implications of bone as a metabolic endocrine organ.
Assessment of oxygenation and comorbidities improves outcome prediction in patients with community‐acquired pneumonia with a low CRB‐65 score
Authors: Kolditz M. , Ewig S. , Schütte H. , Suttorp N. , Welte T. , Rohde G. ,   the CAPNETZ study group
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundAddition of assessment of comorbid diseases (‘D’) and oxygen saturation (‘S’) to the CRB‐65 score has been recommended to improve its accuracy for risk stratification in community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP). The aim of this study was to validate the resulting DS‐CRB‐65 score in a large cohort of patients with CAP.MethodsA total of 4432 patients prospectively enrolled in the CAPNETZ cohort were included in this study. Predefined end points were 28‐day mortality, requirement for mechanical ventilation or vasopressors (MV/VS) and requirement for MV/VS or intensive care unit admission (MV/VS/ICU). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the accuracy of the CRB‐65 score and the addition of D (extra‐pulmonary comorbidities) and S (oxygen saturation <90% or partial pressure of oxygen <8 kPa). Binary logistic regression and the method of Hanley and McNeil were used to compare the criteria.ResultsThe mortality rate was 4.0%, and 4.2% of patients required MV/VS and 6.6% required MV/VS/ICU. After multivariate analysis, D and S independently were added to the CRB‐65 criteria for mortality prediction, but only S improved prediction of MV/VS and MV/VS/ICU (P < 0.001 for all). The area under the curve of the CRB‐65 score was significantly improved by adding D and S for all end points (P < 0.02). Amongst patients who died or required MV/VS despite a CRB‐65 score of 0, 64–80% would have been identified by the DS‐CRB‐65 score.ConclusionsThe addition of assessment of oxygenation and comorbidities significantly improved the prognostic accuracy of the CRB‐65 score. Consequently, the DS‐CRB‐65 score may have a useful role in risk stratification algorithms for CAP.
Prevalence and Clinical Effects of Certain Therapy Concepts among Partially Edentulous Serbian Elderly
Authors: Tanasić Ivan Vladimir , Tihacek‐Sojić Ljiljana Đorđe , Milić-Lemić Aleksandra Milorad 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeThis study was conducted to identify the prevalence of partially edentulous individuals in Serbia and to identify prosthodontic treatment used for their rehabilitation as well as to compare prosthodontic treatment concepts among Serbian elderly participants who answered closed‐format questionnaires.Materials and MethodsThe study was conducted at the Clinic for Dental Prosthetics, University of Belgrade, Military Medical Academy and the Department of Prosthodontics of Home Centre Belgrade; the study consisted of 120 participants. A questionnaire with closed‐format questions regarding the influence of applied therapy concepts for participants with Kennedy Class I partial edentulism was created. Statistical software SPSS 11.5 was used for data analysis. Chi‐square tests were performed, and p‐values were calculated for each parameter.ResultsA total of 1081 people were examined; 730 participants were partially edentulous in at least one jaw. Five hundred forty‐one participants wore Kennedy Class I maxillary or mandibular removable partial dentures (RPDs). Ninety percent of the patients were restored with RPDs; 60% of participants were unrestored, had shortened dental arches, and requested alternative therapeutic solutions. Significantly lower needs for new treatments were identified in participants with fixed dental prostheses (7.5%).ConclusionsKennedy Class I was the most common type of partial edentulism among Serbian elderly, usually treated with RPDs. Elderly participants with the applied shortened dental arch and RPD therapy concepts requested alternative therapeutic solutions more often than those rehabilitated with fixed partial dentures.
Fatalistic Beliefs and Completion of the HPV Vaccination Series Among a Sample of Young Appalachian Kentucky Women
Authors: Vanderpool Robin C. , Dressler Emily Van Meter , Stradtman Lindsay R. , Crosby Richard A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeUptake and completion of the 3‐dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is important for the primary prevention of cervical cancer. However, HPV vaccination rates among adolescent females and young women remain low in certain geographic areas of the United States, including Appalachia. Although greater fatalistic beliefs have been previously associated with lower rates of preventive cancer behaviors among adults, little research exists on the impact of fatalism on HPV vaccination behaviors, especially among younger individuals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between fatalistic beliefs and completion of the full HPV vaccine series among young women, ages 18‐26, in Appalachian Kentucky.ResultsData from this study were from a baseline survey completed by 344 women randomized into a communication intervention trial focused on increasing adherence to the 3‐dose HPV vaccine series. Principal components analysis was used to construct 2 fatalism‐related subscales from 8 survey questions.FindingsIn a controlled analysis, 1 subscale—“lack of control over cancer”—was significantly associated with not completing the full HPV vaccine series. In a rural area that experiences higher rates of cervical cancer, poverty, limited access to health care, and negative cancer‐related attitudes and experiences, fatalism may be common, even among young people.ConclusionFuture educational and interventional research addressing fatalistic beliefs in a culturally sensitive manner may be warranted to improve HPV vaccination behaviors and impact cancer disparities among Appalachian women.
Ohmic‐Assisted Texture Softening of Cabbage, Turnip, Potato and Radish in Comparison with Microwave and Conventional Heating
Authors: Kamali Elahe , Farahnaky Asgar 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRecently, ohmic heating has shown promising advantages for accelerated and controlled texture softening of some vegetables over conventional cooking. Textural properties of ohmically cooked cabbage, radish, turnip and potato were measured by texture profile analysis, and compared with microwave and conventional cooking. The data were experimentally modeled into an exponential model and softening rate and residual texture were calculated.Ohmic heating at 380 V softened the texture of all four studied vegetables at greater rates in comparison with microwave and conventional methods. Comparing the texture softening rate, k value, of the cooked vegetables indicated that they were in the order of radish > turnip > potato > cabbage, and among the four studied vegetables the maximum and minimum texture response changes to cooking were found in radish and cabbage, respectively. In contrast to conventional and microwave cooking, an interesting and emerging finding was the significant increase in cohesiveness of ohmically processed vegetables with cooking time.Practical ApplicationsOhmic cooking had recently been introduced as an emerging method to shorten cooking time and speed up texture softening of vegetables. In this research, four vegetables were cooked with ohmic technology and their textural properties were compared with the samples treated with conventional and microwave cooking. The results showed the ability of ohmic technology to soften the texture of vegetables faster than other methods with greater constant rate values and less residual textures. By applying ohmic processing, food industry can benefit from controlled texture modification of vegetables leading to higher textural quality of processed foods.
Glomerular Filtration Rate, Urine Production, and Fractional Clearance of Electrolytes in Acute Kidney Injury in Dogs and Their Association with Survival
Authors: Brown N. , Segev G. , Francey T. , Kass P. , Cowgill L.D. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is common in dogs. Few studies have assessed sequential changes in indices of kidney function in dogs with naturally occurringAKI.ObjectiveTo document sequential changes of conventional indices of renal function, to better define the course ofAKI, and to identify a candidate marker for recovery.AnimalsTen dogs withAKI.MethodsDogs were prospectively enrolled and divided into surviving and nonsurviving dogs. Urine production was measured with a closed system for 7 days. One and 24‐hour urinary clearances were performed daily to estimate solute excretion and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Solute excretion was calculated as an excretion ratio (ER) and fractional clearance (FC) based on both the 1‐ and 24‐hour urine collections.ResultsFour dogs survived and 6 died. At presentation,GFRwas not significantly different between the outcome groups, but significantly (P = .03) increased over time in the surviving, but not in the nonsurviving dogs. Fractional clearance of Na decreased significantly over time (20.2–9.4%,P < .0001) in the surviving, but not in the nonsurviving dogs. TheERandFCof solutes were highly correlated (r, 0.70–0.95).Conclusion and Clinical ImpactExcretion ratio might be used in the clinical setting as a surrogate marker to follow trends in solute excretion. IncreasedGFR, urine production, and decreasedFCof Na were markers of renal recovery. TheFCof Na is a simple, noninvasive, and cost‐effective method that can be used to evaluate recovery of renal function.
Severe fungal sclerokeratitis caused by Metarhizium anisopliae: a case report and literature review
Authors: Eguchi Hiroshi , Toibana Toshi , Hotta Fumika , Miyamoto Tatsuro , Mitamura Yoshinori , Yaguchi Takashi 
Published: January 2015

SummaryTo date, there has been only one published report on the infectious sclerokeratitis caused by Metarhizium anisopliae, which is an entomopathogenic fungus. Regarding corneal infection, three reports have been published to date. Although the prognoses of the corneal infections are favourable, prognosis when scleral infection is involved is very poor. A 76‐year‐old patient presented with foreign body sensation in the left eye. Microscopic examination with Fungi Flora Y staining of the corneal scraping revealed fungal infection. The conjunctiva was melted by the infection over a wide area. Although intensive medications were administered, an emergency surgery was necessary because scleral thinning, corneal perforation and lens prolapse occurred. The fungal isolate was identified as M. anisopliae by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region. Herein, we report the second known case worldwide of M. anisopliae sclerokeratitis, and we review the literature related to the ocular infections.
Longitudinal impact of sleep on overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: a systematic review and bias‐adjusted meta‐analysis
Authors: Fatima Y. , Doi S. A. R. , Mamun A. A. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryShort sleep duration is considered a potential risk for overweight/obesity in childhood and adolescence. However, most of the evidence on this topic is obtained from cross‐sectional studies; therefore, the nature and extent of the longitudinal associations are unclear. This study explores the prospective association between short sleep and overweight/obesity in young subjects. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Pubmed, and CINAHL databases were searched for English‐language articles, published until May 2014, reporting longitudinal association between sleep and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents. Recommendations of the Sleep Health Foundation were used to standardize reference sleep duration. Sleep category, with sleep duration less than the reference sleep, was considered as the short sleep category. Meta‐analysis was conducted to explore the association between short sleep and overweight/obesity. A review of 22 longitudinal studies, with subjects from diverse backgrounds, suggested an inverse association between sleep duration and BMI. Meta‐analysis of 11 longitudinal studies, comprising 24,821 participants, revealed that subjects sleeping for short duration had twice the risk of being overweight/obese, compared with subjects sleeping for long duration (odds ratio 2.15; 95% confidence interval: 1.64–2.81). This study provides evidence that short sleep duration in young subjects is significantly associated with future overweight/obesity.
Metabolic vs. hedonic obesity: a conceptual distinction and its clinical implications
Authors: Yu Y‐H. , Vasselli J. R. , Zhang Y. , Mechanick J. I. , Korner J. , Peterli R. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBody weight is determined via both metabolic and hedonic mechanisms. Metabolic regulation of body weight centres around the ‘body weight set point’, which is programmed by energy balance circuitry in the hypothalamus and other specific brain regions. The metabolic body weight set point has a genetic basis, but exposure to an obesogenic environment may elicit allostatic responses and upward drift of the set point, leading to a higher maintained body weight. However, an elevated steady‐state body weight may also be achieved without an alteration of the metabolic set point, via sustained hedonic over‐eating, which is governed by the reward system of the brain and can override homeostatic metabolic signals. While hedonic signals are potent influences in determining food intake, metabolic regulation involves the active control of both food intake and energy expenditure. When overweight is due to elevation of the metabolic set point (‘metabolic obesity’), energy expenditure theoretically falls onto the standard energy–mass regression line. In contrast, when a steady‐state weight is above the metabolic set point due to hedonic over‐eating (‘hedonic obesity’), a persistent compensatory increase in energy expenditure per unit metabolic mass may be demonstrable. Recognition of the two types of obesity may lead to more effective treatment and prevention of obesity.
Molecular tagging of Asiatic soybean rust resistance in exotic genotype EC 241780 reveals complementation of two genes
Authors: Bhor Tukaram J. , Chimote Vivek P. , Deshmukh Milind P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAsian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi severely reduces seed yield in soybean. Molecular tagging of ASR resistance can help in the process of resistance breeding. In this study, an F2 population of cross (susceptible cultivar ‘NRC 7’ × resistant exotic genotype EC 241780) was used for bulked segregant analysis (BSA) with 25 SSR (simple sequence repeat) primers linked with six Rpp genes. Among them, five polymorphic SSR markers, viz., Sct 187, SSR 1859, Satt 191 (Rpp1b like loci) and Satt 215, Sat_361 (Rpp2 loci) distinguished the ASR resistant and susceptible bulks and individuals. In combined marker analysis, the markers Satt 191 (Rpp1b like loci) and Satt 215 (Rpp2 loci) were linked with ASR severity score and were also confirmed in individual 110 F2 segregants. Hence, these markers could be utilized in the marker assisted rust resistance breeding of Rpp1b like and Rpp2 genes. In silico candidate gene analysis for hypersensitive response revealed that Satt 191 linked region was rich in genes encoding apoptotic ATPase having leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) domain.
Implications of early selection for grain colour on iron and zinc content and productivity of common bean
Authors: Teixeira Rita de Kássia Siqueira , Lima Dayane Cristina , Abreu Ângela de Fátima Barbosa , Ramalho Magno Antonio Patto 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBrazilian consumers prefer beans of the beige grain colour. Common beans help supply dietary requirements for iron and zinc. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine whether early selection for grain colour affects the iron and zinc content and the grain yield in common beans and (ii) if an association between these characteristics was found, to obtain lines of carioca‐type grains with a high iron and zinc content and good grain yield. We evaluated 96 F3:4, F3:5 and F3:6 progeny at two locations for iron and zinc content and grain yield. We selected 48 progeny for grain colour and chose 48 others at random. We found that early selection for grain colour does not affect the zinc content and grain yield. A positive and high association was found between iron and zinc content, and both iron and zinc content were slightly negatively correlated with grain yield. It is possible to obtain common bean lines combining a high iron and zinc content with good grain yield as long as a selection index is used.
Dworkin's Theoretical Disagreement Argument
Authors: Levenbook Barbara Baum 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDworkin's theoretical disagreement argument, developed in Law's Empire, is presented in that work as the motivator for his interpretive account of law. Like Dworkin's earlier arguments critical of legal positivism, the argument from theoretical disagreement has generated a lively exchange with legal positivists. It has motivated three of them to develop innovative positivist positions.In its original guise, the argument from theoretical disagreement is presented as ‘the semantic sting argument’. However, the argument from theoretical disagreement has more than one version. This article briefly discusses two versions and the leading replies to them, then focuses on the most influential (recast) version, directed at Hartian positivism. The article surveys the leading positivist rejoinders to the recast version, indicating key Dworkinian replies or assessing the strength of these rejoinders, and concludes with a rejoinder of its own, making a new case that the argument from theoretical disagreement isn't fatal for Hartian legal positivism.
The antioxidant system in diapausing and active red mason bee Osmia bicornis
Authors: Dmochowska‐Ślęzak Kamila , Fliszkiewicz Monika , Giejdasz Karol , Żółtowska Krystyna 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe red mason bee Osmia bicornis L. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) belongs to a group of insects that undergo an obligatory diapause in the imago stage. Red mason bees (O. bicornis) consume oxygen during overwintering diapause, and reactive oxygen species can be produced despite substantial inhibition of metabolism. These are first studies to investigate the antioxidant system in diapausing red mason bees and to compare the antioxidant systems of overwintering and active imagines. The present study analyzes total antioxidant status, glutathione and ascorbic acid levels, and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase in overwintering (October to March) and active (April) female and male O. bicornis. Diapause phases (prediapause, diapause and post‐diapause) cannot be distinguished based on the parameters of the antioxidant system of the bees. During overwintering, a significant decrease is noted only in ascorbic acid content. The remaining antioxidants remain fairly stable, which indicates the absence of oxidative stress in diapausing specimens. The analyzed parameters distinguish diapausing bees from active insects. Excluding total antioxidant status, the evaluated parameters are significantly higher in active individuals than in overwintering specimens. Sex‐related differences are found only for catalase, the level of which is consistently higher in males than in females.
Pre‐ to postsleep change in psychophysiological reactivity to emotional films: Late‐night REM sleep is associated with attenuated emotional processing
Authors: Werner Gabriela G. , Schabus Manuel , Blechert Jens , Kolodyazhniy Vitaliy , Wilhelm Frank H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been postulated to facilitate emotional processing of negative stimuli. However, empirical evidence is mixed and primarily based on self‐report data and picture‐viewing studies. This study used a full‐length aversive film to elicit intense emotion on one evening, and an emotionally neutral control film on another evening while psychophysiological and experiential responses were measured. Subsequent sleep was monitored polysomnographically, and specific film scenes were presented again on the next morning. Correlation analyses revealed that participants with longer late‐night REM sleep after the aversive film showed higher increase of electrodermal reactivity and less reduction of facial corrugator muscle reactivity to negative film scenes on the next morning. This indicates that REM sleep may be associated with attenuated emotional processing of prolonged and intense emotional stimuli from pre‐ to postsleep.