bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower-Extremity Isokinetic Strength Profiling in Professional Rugby League and Rugby Union
Authors: Brown Scott R. , Brughelli Matt , Griffiths Peter C. , Cronin John B. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:While several studies have documented isokinetic knee strength in junior and senior rugby league players, investigations of isokinetic knee and hip strength in professional rugby union players are limited. The purpose of this study was to provide lower-extremity strength profiles and compare isokinetic knee and hip strength of professional rugby league and rugby union players.Participants:32 professional rugby league and 25 professional rugby union players.Methods:Cross-sectional analysis. Isokinetic dynamometry was used to evaluate peak torque and strength ratios of the dominant and nondominant legs during seated knee-extension/flexion and supine hip-extension/flexion actions at 60°/s.Results:Forwards from both codes were taller and heavier and had a higher body-mass index than the backs of each code. Rugby union forwards produced significantly (P < .05) greater peak torque during knee flexion in the dominant and nondominant legs (ES = 1.81 and 2.02) compared with rugby league forwards. Rugby league backs produced significantly greater hip-extension peak torque in the dominant and nondominant legs (ES = 0.83 and 0.77) compared with rugby union backs. There were no significant differences in hamstring-to-quadriceps ratios between code, position, or leg. Rugby union forwards and backs produced significantly greater knee-flexion-to-hip-extension ratios in the dominant and nondominant legs (ES = 1.49–2.26) than rugby union players.Conclusions:It seems that the joint torque profiles of players from rugby league and union codes differ, which may be attributed to the different demands of each code.
Draft Genome Sequencing of Methanobrevibacter oralis Strain JMR01, Isolated from the Human Intestinal Microbiota
Authors: Khelaifia Saber , Garibal Marc , Robert Catherine , Raoult Didier , Drancourt Michel 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Methanobrevibacter oralis
, an anaerobic methanogenic archaeon, has been previously isolated from the human oral cavity. Here, sequencing a stool isolate (strain JMR01) yielded a 2.065-Mb genome with a 27.78% G+C content containing a total of 2,042 open reading frames and 3 clusters of regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) loci with associated Cas proteins.
A nationwide population-based study on incidence and cost of non-fatal injuries in Iran
Authors: Hafezi-Nejad Nima , Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin , Motevalian Abbas , Amin-Esmaeili Masoumeh , Sharifi Vandad , Hajebi Ahmad , Radgoodarzi Reza , Hefazi Mitra , Eslami Vahid , Saadat Soheil , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa 
Published: February 2014

Background:Elucidating the epidemiological status of injuries is a critical component of preventive strategies in countries with high incidence of injuries, like Iran. Population-based surveys are able to estimate all types of non-fatal injuries.Objectives:This study protocol is the core unit in describing Iran's national cost and epidemiology of non-fatal injuries, and also as a guide for other studies.Study design and methods:In a cross-sectional study, 1525 primary sampling units are randomly selected with probability proportional to size regarding the number of households in each enumeration area based on Iran's 2006 national census. Six of the households are randomly selected. One member of each household is chosen using Kish Grid tables. In all, 9150 subjects are selected. Data on demographics are collected. For each injury during the past three months, activity, place, mechanism, site, type and the place of treatment are coded to match the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision 2012 (ICD10-2012) classifications. Subjects are contacted via telephone to obtain data on cost of injury. Finally, sampling weights are calculated so that data for each respondent can be inflated to represent other individuals in Iran. Quality control and quality assurance issues are discussed.Discussion:Our objectives will describe the present impact and the future priorities of injury prevention in Iran.
Using computerised surface wound mapping to compare the potential medical effectiveness of Enhanced Protection Under Body Armour Combat Shirt collar designs
Authors: Breeze John , Allanson-Bailey L C , Hunt N C , Delaney R , Hepper A E , Lewis E A 
Published: February 2014

IntroductionProtecting the neck from explosively propelled fragments has traditionally been achieved through a collar attached to the ballistic vest. An Enhanced Protection Under Body Armour Combat Shirt (EP-UBACS) collar has been identified as an additional method of providing neck protection but limited evidence as to its potential medical effectiveness exists to justify its procurement.MethodEntry wound locations and resultant medical outcomes were determined using Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) for all fragmentation neck wounds sustained by UK soldiers between 01 January 2010 and 31 December 2011. Data were prospectively entered into a novel computerised tool base and comparisons made between three EP-UBACS neck collar designs in terms of predicted reduction in AIS scores.ResultsAll collars reduced AIS scores, with the greatest reduction provided by designs incorporating increased standoff from the neck and an additional semi-circle of ballistic material underneath the collar at the front and back.DiscussionThis technique confirms that reinforcing the neck collar of an EP-UBACS would be expected to reduce injury severity from neck wounds. However, without knowledge of entry wound locations for injuries to other body areas as well as the use of AIS scores without clinical or pathological verification its further use in the future may be limited. The ability to overlay any armour design onto a standardised human was potentially the most useful part of this tool and we would recommend developing this technique using underlying anatomical structures and not just the skin surface.
Identification of a MIS 6 age (
c.
180 ka) Icelandic tephra within NE Atlantic sediments: a new potential chronostratigraphic marker
Authors: Hibbert F. D. , Wastegård S. , Gwynn R. , Austin W. E. N. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The incidence of volcanic ash (tephra) within marine sediments serves as a useful stratigraphic marker and tool for correlation. In addition, where an independent age estimate exists, tephra layers can provide a means of dating the sediments themselves. Here we present a geochemically characterized, size sorted tephra layer within Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6, most likely resulting from primary air-fall from an Icelandic volcanic source. This tephra layer is tentatively correlated to the Kerlingarfjöll volcanic system using major element geochemistry. The ash layer has an interpolated age of 181±6 ka based on the age model for MD04-2822. We briefly review the occurrence of silicic tephra in the North Atlantic region from MIS 7 to MIS 5e inclusive and find potential correlatives to the MD04-2822 MIS 6 ash layer in the Norway Basin and Irminger Sea.
Monocyte Subpopulations in Angiogenesis
Authors: Dalton Heather J. , Armaiz-Pena Guillermo N. , Gonzalez-Villasana Vianey , Lopez-Berestein Gabriel , Bar-Eli Menashe , Sood Anil K. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Growing understanding of the role of the tumor microenvironment in angiogenesis has brought monocyte-derived cells into focus. Monocyte subpopulations are an increasingly attractive therapeutic target in many pathologic states, including cancer. Before monocyte-directed therapies can be fully harnessed for clinical use, understanding of monocyte-driven angiogenesis in tissue development and homeostasis, as well as malignancy, is required. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms by which monocytic subpopulations contribute to angiogenesis in tissue and tumor development, highlight gaps in our existing knowledge, and discuss opportunities to exploit these cells for clinical benefit. Cancer Res; 74(5); 1287–93. ©2014 AACR.
Ganetespib and HSP90: Translating Preclinical Hypotheses into Clinical Promise
Authors: Proia David A. , Bates Richard C. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
As with many physiologic processes that become subverted during tumorigenesis, the chaperoning activity of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is often exploited by cancer cells to confer aberrant proliferative, survival, and/or metastatic potential. Functional inhibition of HSP90 results in the degradation of its client proteins, in turn providing a means to concomitantly disrupt multiple oncogenic signaling cascades through one molecular target. Pharmacologic blockade of HSP90 has, therefore, emerged as an innovative and multifaceted approach for the development of new antineoplastic agents. However, no HSP90 inhibitors are currently approved for cancer therapy and the full promise of this class of agents is yet to be realized. This review focuses on the preclinical activity profile of ganetespib, a potent small-molecule inhibitor of HSP90, the characterization of which has provided important frameworks for the optimal design and application of HSP90 inhibitor–based strategies in a variety of cancer types. Beyond client protein–driven tumors, ganetespib can also potentiate the effects of other molecularly targeted and standard-of-care therapeutics while simultaneously overcoming drug resistance in multiple tumor types, thereby positioning this compound as the leading HSP90 inhibitor currently under clinical development. Cancer Res; 74(5); 1294–300. ©2014 AACR.
Identification of a Tumor-Suppressive Human-Specific MicroRNA within theFHITTumor-Suppressor Gene
Authors: Hu Baocheng , Ying Xiaomin , Wang Jian , Piriyapongsa Jittima , Jordan I. King , Sheng Jipo , Yu Fang , Zhao Po , Li Yazhuo , Wang Hongyan , Ng Wooi Loon , Hu Shuofeng , Wang Xiang , Wang Chenguang , Zheng Xiaofei , Li Wuju , Curran Walter J. , Wang Ya 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLoss or attenuated expression of the tumor-suppressor gene FHIT is associated paradoxically with poor progression of human tumors. Fhit promotes apoptosis and regulates reactive oxygen species; however, the mechanism by which Fhit inhibits tumor growth in animals remains unclear. In this study, we used a multidisciplinary approach based on bioinformatics, small RNA library screening, human tissue analysis, and a xenograft mouse model to identify a novel member of the miR-548 family in the fourth intron of the human FHIT gene. Characterization of this human-specific microRNA illustrates the importance of this class of microRNAs in tumor suppression and may influence interpretation of Fhit action in human cancer. Cancer Res; 74(8); 2283–94. ©2014 AACR.
Methylation of Twelve CpGs in Human Papillomavirus Type 16 (HPV16) as an Informative Biomarker for the Triage of Women Positive for HPV16 Infection
Authors: Brandsma Janet L. , Harigopal Malini , Kiviat Nancy B. , Sun Ying , Deng Yanhong , Zelterman Daniel , Lizardi Paul M. , Shabanova Veronika S. , Levi Angelique , Yaping Tian , Hu Xinyuan , Feng Qinghua 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
An accurate biomarker for the follow-up of women positive for human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) DNA may improve the efficiency of cervical cancer prevention. Previously, we analyzed all 113 HPV16 CpGs in cervical cytology samples and discovered differential methylation at different stages of premalignancy. In the current study, we identified a methylation biomarker consisting of a panel of 12 HPV16 CpG sites in the E5, L2, and L1 open reading frames, and tested whether it fulfilled three necessary conditions of a prospective biomarker. A total of 33 cytology samples from North American and West African women with all grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) were analyzed by using DNA bisulfite sequencing. The results showed (i) a highly significant trend for increasing HPV16 biomarker methylation with increasing histologic severity (P &lt; 0.0001), (ii) 100% sensitivity for ICC over a wide range of methylation cutoff scores; 80% detection of CIN3 at cutoff scores up to 39% methylation, and (iii) substantially lower detection of CIN2, from 0% to 71%, depending on the cutoff score. Our results support the prognostic potential of the HPV16 methylation biomarker for the triage to colposcopy of women with HPV16-positive screening tests and, eventually, for the management of women with HPV16-positive CIN2. Cancer Prev Res; 7(5); 526–33. ©2014 AACR.
A Functional Cancer Genomics Screen Identifies a Druggable Synthetic Lethal Interaction between MSH3 and PRKDC
Authors: Dietlein Felix , Thelen Lisa , Jokic Mladen , Jachimowicz Ron D. , Ivan Laura , Knittel Gero , Leeser Uschi , van Oers Johanna , Edelmann Winfried , Heukamp Lukas C. , Reinhardt H. Christian 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Here, we use a large-scale cell line–based approach to identify cancer cell–specific mutations that are associated with DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) dependence. For this purpose, we profiled the mutational landscape across 1,319 cancer-associated genes of 67 distinct cell lines and identified numerous genes involved in homologous recombination–mediated DNA repair, including BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, PAXIP, and RAD50, as being associated with non-oncogene addiction to DNA-PKcs. Mutations in the mismatch repair gene MSH3, which have been reported to occur recurrently in numerous human cancer entities, emerged as the most significant predictors of DNA-PKcs addiction. Concordantly, DNA-PKcs inhibition robustly induced apoptosis in MSH3-mutant cell lines in vitro and displayed remarkable single-agent efficacy against MSH3-mutant tumors in vivo. Thus, we here identify a therapeutically actionable synthetic lethal interaction between MSH3 and the non-homologous end joining kinase DNA-PKcs. Our observations recommend DNA-PKcs inhibition as a therapeutic concept for the treatment of human cancers displaying homologous recombination defects.
Significance: We associate mutations in the MSH3 gene, which are frequently detected in microsatellite-instable colon cancer (∼40%), with a therapeutic response to specific DNA-PKcs inhibitors. Because potent DNA-PKcs inhibitors are currently entering early clinical trials, we offer a novel opportunity to genetically stratify patients who may benefit from a DNA-PKcs–inhibitory therapy. Cancer Discov; 4(5); 592–605. ©2014 AACR.
See related commentary by Hemann, p. 516
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 495
Inducible Metabolic Adaptation Promotes Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemia
Authors: Zhu Hongming , Sun Aijun , Zou Yunzeng , Ge Junbo 
Published: February 2014

Objective—
Ischemic tissue is an environment with limited oxygen and nutrition availability. The poor retention of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in ischemic tissues greatly limits their therapeutic potential. The aim of this study was to determine whether and how inducible metabolic adaptation enhances MSC survival and therapy under ischemia.

Approach and Results—
MSC were subjected to glycogen synthase 1–specific small interfering RNA or vehicle treatment, and then sublethal hypoxic preconditioning (HP) was applied to induce glycogenesis. The treated cells were subjected to ischemic challenge. The results exhibited that HP of MSC induced glycogen storage and stimulated glycogen catabolism and cellular ATP production, thereby preserving cell viability in long-term ischemia. In vivo study using the mouse limb ischemia model transplanted with HP or control MSC into the ischemic thigh muscles revealed a significant increased retention of MSC with glycogen storage associated with improved limb salvage, perfusion recovery and angiogenesis in the ischemic muscles. In contrast, glycogen synthesis inhibition significantly abolished these improvements. Further molecular analysis indicated that phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β regulated expression of glycogenesis genes, including glucose transporter 1, hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase 1, glycogen synthase 1, and glycogen phosphorylase, thereby regulating glycogen metabolism of stem cell during HP.

Conclusions—
HP-induced glycogen storage improves MSC survival and therapy in ischemic tissues. Thus, inducible metabolic adaptation in stem cells may be considered as a novel strategy for potentiating stem cell therapy for ischemia.
Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Concentrations Predict Risk for Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Hoogeveen Ron C. , Gaubatz John W. , Sun Wensheng , Dodge Rhiannon C. , Crosby Jacy R. , Jiang Jennifer , Couper David , Virani Salim S. , Kathiresan Sekar , Boerwinkle Eric , Ballantyne Christie M. 
Published: February 2014

Objective—
To investigate the relationship between plasma levels of small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and risk for incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in a prospective study among Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study participants.

Approach and Results—

Plasma sdLDL-C was measured in 11 419 men and women of the biracial ARIC study using a newly developed homogeneous assay. A proportional hazards model was used to examine the relationship among sdLDL-C, vascular risk factors, and risk for CHD events (n=1158) for a period of ≈11 years. Plasma sdLDL-C levels were strongly correlated with an atherogenic lipid profile and were higher in patients with diabetes mellitus than non–diabetes mellitus (49.6 versus 42.3 mg/dL;
P
<0.0001). In a model that included established risk factors, sdLDL-C was associated with incident CHD with a hazard ratio of 1.51 (95% confidence interval, 1.21–1.88) for the highest versus the lowest quartile, respectively. Even in individuals considered to be at low cardiovascular risk based on their LDL-C levels, sdLDL-C predicted risk for incident CHD (hazard ratio, 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–2.49). Genome-wide association analyses identified genetic variants in 8 loci associated with sdLDL-C levels. These loci were in or close to genes previously associated with risk for CHD. We discovered 1 novel locus,
PCSK7
, for which genetic variation was significantly associated with sdLDL-C and other lipid factors.

Conclusions—

sdLDL-C was associated with incident CHD in ARIC study participants. The novel association of genetic variants in
PCSK7
with sdLDL-C and other lipid traits may provide new insights into the role of this gene in lipid metabolism.
A synoptic review of the genus Stagmomantis (Mantodea: Mantidae)
Authors: MAXWELL MICHAEL R. 
Published: February 2014

Stagmomantis is a remarkable genus within the Mantodea, being relatively species-rich and geographically widespread. Yet, the number of species within the genus remains curiously unresolved. The present synoptic review surveys the literature on Stagmomantis to identify named species for which scientific consensus exists, as well as to summarize basic biological information for each species, including geographic distribution, morphological features, and sex-specific biometric data. The review identifies 23 consensus taxa within Stagmomantis: 22 separate species, with one of these species, S. montana, split into two subspecies (S. m. montana and S. m. sinaloae). The review indicates morphological features that may prove to be diagnostic for a given species, particularly when examined in conjunction with male genitalia. Such features include dark spots on the anterior femur (S. amazonica, S. centralis, S. marginata, S. nahua, S. venusta, S. vicina), spines or denticulations on the anterior coxa (S. colorata, S. montana montana, S. parvidentata, S. theophila), and dark bands on abdominal tergites (S. californica, S. colorata, S. domingensis). Color variation of certain features with respect to body coloration, such as stigma coloration and body and leg markings, requires more attention. Information on life history, reproduction, and ecology are summarized, particularly for temperate populations of S. carolina and S. limbata. While the 23 consensus taxa represent a robust appraisal of the existing literature, some taxonomic uncertainties remain. The status of two species are somewhat unclear (S. marginata and S. tolteca), calling for taxonomic evaluation. Furthermore, proposed within-genus groupings deserve examination, as do possible subdivisions within some species (e.g., S. limbata, S. parvidentata). Information on basic morphology and biometry remains incomplete for nearly all species. Extreme examples are S. amazonica, S. costalis, and S. paraensis, for which females have not been described. Live animal research on life history, behavior, and ecology is needed for all species, with the possible exceptions of S. carolina and S. limbata. By reconciling species assignments and consolidating biological information for the 23 consensus taxa, this synoptic review promises to guide subsequent systematic and phylogenetic investigations of the genus Stagmomantis.
Biomarker time out
Authors: Petzold Axel , Bowser Robert , Calabresi Paolo , Zetterberg Henrik , Uitdehaag Bernard MJ 
Published: February 2014

The advancement of knowledge relies on scientific investigations. The timing between asking a question and data collection defines if a study is prospective or retrospective. Prospective studies look forward from a point in time, are less prone to bias and are considered superior to retrospective studies. This conceptual framework conflicts with the nature of biomarker research. New candidate biomarkers are discovered in a retrospective manner. There are neither resources nor time for prospective testing in all cases. Relevant sources for bias are not covered. Ethical questions arise through the time penalty of an overly dogmatic concept. The timing of sample collection can be separated from testing biomarkers. Therefore the moment of formulating a hypothesis may be after sample collection was completed. A conceptual framework permissive to asking research questions without the obligation to bow to the human concept of calendar time would simplify biomarker research, but will require new safeguards against bias.
Control of VWF A2 domain stability and ADAMTS13 access to the scissile bond of full-length VWF
Authors: Lynch Christopher J. , Lane David A. , Luken Brenda M. 
Published: February 2014

Key Points
The vicinal disulphide bond and occupancy of its Ca2+-binding site cooperatively determine the stability of the VWF A2 domain. These 2 structural elements control the susceptibility of FL-VWF to proteolysis by ADAMTS13.
Anaphylaxis caused by repetitive doses of a GITR agonist monoclonal antibody in mice
Authors: Murphy Judith T. , Burey Andre P. , Beebe Amy M. , Gu Danling , Presta Leonard G. , Merghoub Taha , Wolchok Jedd D. 
Published: February 2014

Key Points
Repeated doses of agonist antibodies targeting the costimulatory receptors GITR and OX40 result in anaphylaxis in mice. Anaphylaxis caused by the GITR agonist antibody DTA-1 is dependent on GITR, IL-4, basophils, and platelet-activating factor.