bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical technique of hepatectomy combined with simultaneous resection of hepatic artery and portal vein for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (with video)
Authors: Ebata Tomoki , Ito Takaaki , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Igami Tsuyoshi , Sugawara Gen , Mizuno Takashi , Nagino Masato 
Published: June 2014

Abstract Perihilar cholangiocarcinomas often involve the bifurcation of the portal vein and the hepatic artery at initial presentation. Previously, vascular invasion was a major obstacle for R0 resection; therefore, such tumors were regarded as locally advanced, unresectable disease. Recently, in leading centers, these tumors have been resected using a specific technique, vascular resection and reconstruction. Vascular resection is classified into three types: portal vein resection alone, hepatic artery resection alone, and simultaneous resection of both the portal vein and hepatic artery. Of these, portal vein resection is widely performed, whereas hepatic artery resection remains controversial. Therefore, hepatectomy combined with simultaneous resection of the portal vein and hepatic artery represents one of the most complicated and challenging procedures in hepatobiliary surgery. The survival benefit of this extended procedure remains unproven, and there is only a single study reporting an unexpectedly favorable outcome in 50 patients. Considering the dismal survival in patients with unresectable disease, hepatic artery resection and/or portal vein resection may be a promising option of choice. However, the technique is highly demanding and has not been standardized. Therefore, this extended surgery may be allowed only in selected hepatobiliary centers.
Emergencies in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery bootcamp: A novel canadian experience
Authors: Chin Christopher J. , Roth Kathryn , Rotenberg Brian W. , Fung Kevin 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisA 1‐day intensive course (bootcamp) was developed, to teach junior otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OTO–HNS) residents emergency procedural skills, clinical reasoning, and communication skills. This learning paradigm utilized a number of novel task trainers, panel discussions, and emergency simulations. The study objective was to assess the educational value of this bootcamp.Study DesignProspective cohort survey.MethodsResidents were recruited from regional teaching centers within a 2000‐km radius of the simulation center. Preceptors fluent in English and in French were in attendance. Pre‐bootcamp outcome measures included the Kolb Learning Style Inventory and a self‐administered survey measuring confidence levels in performing specific OTO–HNS tasks. Post‐bootcamp outcome measures included a survey evaluating the bootcamp experience and a structured follow‐up telephone interview.ResultsTwenty‐eight residents participated in the bootcamp from across the United States and Canada. When asked if they felt that “overall, the educational day was an effective learning process,” the average score was 4.75/5.0. The vast majority of participants (92.9%) felt they would recommend the bootcamp to a future junior resident. Kolb learning styles that prefer active experimentation (acting, initiating, and deciding) were more common than those that utilize reflective observation (imagining, analyzing, reflecting), which favors a hands‐on model of learning.ConclusionThis first Canadian OTO–HNS bootcamp demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of conducting a centralized bootcamp for regional training centers spanning multiple states/provinces and languages. Future bootcamps will be held annually and will ideally continue the natural evolution of surgical, hands‐on training.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope 124:2275–2280, 2014
Evaluation of modified Killian's method: A technique to expose the hypopharyngeal space
Authors: Murono Shigeyuki , Tsuji Akira , Endo Kazuhira , Kondo Satoru , Wakisaka Naohiro , Yoshizaki Tomokazu 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThe objective of this study was to evaluate the “Modified Killian's method,” a recently proposed endoscopic technique to observe a wider area of the hypopharngeal space than is possible with the conventional method.Study DesignProspective case series.MethodsFifty‐seven patients underwent transnasal flexible endoscopy in a sequence of eight different procedures with or without head torsion, the Valsalva maneuver, and a position similar to bowing named “the modified Killian position.” The visibility of subsites of the hypopharynx and esophageal inlet was evaluated based on a 5‐point scale.ResultsThe Modified Killian's method, a combination of all three procedures of head torsion, the Valsalva maneuver, and the modified Killian position, demonstrated a highly significant score for hypopharyngeal visibility. Previous treatment with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy did not significantly affect the visibility of the hypopharynx.ConclusionThe newly proposed Modified Killian's method provides an effective view of the entire circumference of the hypopharyngeal space even in patients receiving radiotherapy. This useful procedure can be performed easily and should be a part of flexible laryngoscopy for outpatients.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:2526–2530, 2014
Prognostic factors of Bell's palsy: Multivariate analysis of electrophysiological findings
Authors: Mancini Patrizia , De Seta Daniele , Prosperini Luca , Nicastri Maria , Gabriele Maria , Ceccanti Marco , Sementilli Giulio , Terella Maria , Bertoli Gian Antonio , Filipo Roberto , Inghilleri Maurizio 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThe study was designed to verify if one or more electrophysiological parameters could predict a risk of nonrecovery of normal facial function and the development of synkinesis in Bell's palsy (BP) subjects.Study DesignProspective case series.MethodsA total of 120 subjects ranging from 18 to 70 years with unilateral BP (International Classification of Disease‐11), Grade III to VI House‐Brackmann (HB) degree, were assessed and treated with standardized oral steroids and antiviral drugs within 48 hours from onset. Of these, 92 underwent electroneurography (ENoG), electromyography (EMG), and blink reflex (BR) testing at 7 to 10 and 20 days after palsy onset. Multivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves were carried out to verify which combination of electrophysiological parameters may be predictive of no recovery and/or development of synkinesis.ResultsBR and ENoG were the best predictors of no facial function recovery, showing significant correlation coefficient with severity of facial palsy in both assessments. EMG findings did not add any prognostic significance. Worsening of facial palsy can be observed in subjects despite steroid therapy. The risk of developing synkinesis might be evaluated soon after BP on the grounds of ENoG degeneration, orbicularis oculi denervation, a younger age, and severe (V–VI) HB grade.ConclusionsBR and ENoG, considered together with clinical findings, could offer a good indication in the first phases of BP for the possibility to develop palsy residua. This combination of tests is well accepted by the subjects, and is therefore suitable for multiple assessments in the early postpalsy period.Key Words: Bell's palsy, facial palsy, ENoG, blink reflex, Prognosis.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:2598–2605, 2014
Otolaryngology‐specific emergency room as a model for resident training
Authors: Sethi Rosh K. V. , Kozin Elliott D. , Remenschneider Aaron K. , Lee Daniel J. , Gliklich Richard E. , Shrime Mark G. , Gray Stacey T. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThere is a paucity of data on junior resident training in common otolaryngology procedures such as ear debridement, nasal and laryngeal endoscopy, epistaxis management, and peritonsillar abscess drainage. These common procedures represent a critical aspect of training and are necessary skills in general otolaryngology practice. We sought to determine how a dedicated otolaryngology emergency room (ER) staffed by junior residents and a supervising attending provides exposure to common otolaryngologic procedures.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsDiagnostic and procedural data for all patients examined in the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary ER between January 2011 and September 2013 were evaluated.ResultsA total of 12,234 patients were evaluated. A total of 5,673 patients (46.4%) underwent a procedure. Each second‐year resident performed over 450 procedures, with the majority seen Monday through Friday (75%). The most common procedures in our study included diagnostic nasolaryngoscopy (52.0%), ear debridement (34.4%), and epistaxis control (7.0%)ConclusionsAn otolaryngology‐specific ER provides junior residents with significant diagnostic and procedural volume in a concentrated period of time. This study demonstrates utility of a unique surgical education model and provides insight into new avenues of investigation for otolaryngology training.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:99–104, 2015
Attainment of surgical competence in otolaryngology training
Authors: Chadwick Keith A. , Dodson Kelley M. , Wan Wen , Reiter Evan R. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisOur aim was to determine the postgraduate year (PGY) of residency at which residents achieve competence in key otolaryngologic procedures as perceived by residents and program directors (PDs), determine resident or programmatic factors affecting PGY at which residents perceive attainment of competence, and evaluate the relationship between resident and PD perceptions for attainment of competence in these procedures.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsWe surveyed residents and PDs in US otolaryngology residencies in 2011 using SurveyMonkey.com and assessed subjective attainment of competence by residents for 32 otolaryngologic procedures. PGY at which subjective competence achieved per resident perception was determined using a logistic regression model; PD perception was determined by mean calculation.ResultsTwo hundred seventy‐seven residents (19.45%) and 39 PDs (37.86%) completed surveys. Residents achieved subjective competence later than expected by PDs for 25 of 32 procedures, although differences were generally small. The largest disparities were observed for nonsurgical office‐based procedures, for which <90% of residents reported competence by PGY‐5, whereas PDs expected competence before PGY‐3. The greatest number of disparities was present in the subspecialty area of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery. Male gender predicted earlier self‐reported attainment of competence in 10 of 32 procedures (P < .05). Degrees held, fellowship plans, and the size of the program were not significant predictors of PGY at which residents reported competence for most procedures.ConclusionsWe provide baseline data on PGY at which residents and PDs feel competence is achieved in key otolaryngologic procedures. These results may guide milestone development for resident training and assessment.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:331–336, 2015
The Impact of Agriculture on Soil Texture Due to Wind Erosion
Authors: Colazo Juan Cruz , Buschiazzo Daniel 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWind erosion produces textural changes on topsoil of semiarid and arid environments; however, the selection of particles on different textured soils is unclear. Our objectives were to evaluate textural changes induced by wind erosion on cultivated soils of different granulometry and to asses if textural changes produced by wind erosion are linked to aggregation of granulometric particles into different sizes of aggregates formed in contrasting textured soils. Considering this, we studied the particle size distribution (PSD) with full dispersion (PSDF) of 14 cultivated (CULT) and uncultivated (UNCULT) paired soils and, on selected sites, the PSD with minimum dispersion (PSDMIN) and the quotient PSDMIN/F. Results showed that the content of silt plus clay was lower in CULT than in UNCULT in most of the sites. The highest removal of silt was produced in soils with low sand and high silt content; meanwhile, the highest removal of clay was observed in soils with medium sand content. According to PSDMIN, particles of 250–2,000 μm predominated in the sandy soil, in the loamy soil particles between 50 and 250 μm and in the silty loam soil particles between 2 and 50 μm. For clay sized particles, PSDMIN/F was lower than 1 in all soils and managements, but this quotient was higher in CULT compared with UNCULT only in the loamy soil. This means a decrease of clay accumulation in aggregates of larger sizes produced by agriculture, which indicates an increase in the risk of removal of these particles by wind in loamy soils. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing Catalytic Activities Through Modeling Net Charges of Iron Complex Precatalysts
Authors: Yang Wenhong , Chen Yan , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: June 2014

The potential activities for two series of iron complex precatalysts on ethylene reactivity are evaluated by the density functional theory (DFT)–charge equilibration (DFT–QEq) method on the basis of the molecular mechanics (MM–QEq) method. All three spin states on the central iron atom are calculated through the two charge methods to obtain the effective net charge, in addition to the QEq method alone. The results show that reasonable charge values are obtained by the QEq method, well reflecting the influence of substituents and revealing correlations between the activity and the effective net charge. All these series of iron complex precatalysts present the same tendency: the potential activities are elevated along with a decreasing effective net charge on the iron atom. Relying on the electronic influence of substituents on the ligands, the variation trends are grouped into two classes, which present the same correlation.
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Living Polymerization by Bis(phenolate) Zirconium Catalysts: Synthesis of Isotactic Polystyrene‐block‐Polybutadiene Copolymers
Authors: Hohberger Christiane , Spaniol Thomas P. , Okuda Jun 
Published: June 2014

A thermally robust zirconium catalyst containing a tetradentate bis(phenolate) ligand of the (OSSO)‐type polymerizes styrene and butadiene in living fashion. The activity follows the order Zr > Hf > Ti. Low polydispersities of the resulting isotactic poly­styrenes (PD < 1.10) can be achieved at room temperature, while butadiene is polymerized at temperatures as high as 90 °C to give predominantly trans‐1,4‐polymer. This allows efficient preparation of isotactic polystyrene‐block‐polybutadiene copolymers (iPS‐b‐PBD).
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Multicomponent Reactions with a Convertible Isocyanide: Efficient and Versatile Grafting of ADMET‐Derived Polymers
Authors: Kreye Oliver , Trefzger Carsten , Sehlinger Ansgar , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: June 2014

The Ugi four‐component reaction (Ugi‐4CR) and the Passerini three‐component reaction (Passerini‐3CR) are applied for α,ω‐diene monomer synthesis using a convertible isocyanide. These monomers are polymerized using acyclic diene metathesis polymerization (ADMET), followed by hydrogenation of the double bonds and conversion of the isocyanide‐derived moieties to highly reactive indolyl amides under mild acidic conditions. Subsequently, several post‐polymerization modification reactions of these indolyl‐amide‐containing ADMET polymers are investigated using different nucleophiles. Under elimination of indole, side‐chain modifications to carboxylic acids, esters, secondary and tertiary amides, and thioesters are shown, leading to diversely substituted polymers exhibiting different properties. Moreover, multicomponent reactions are also used for further modifications. All the obtained polymers are carefully characterized by NMR, gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC), DSC, and IR measurements.
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Citrulline induces fatty acid release selectively in visceral adipose tissue from old rats
Authors: Joffin Nolwenn , Jaubert Anne‐Marie , Durant Sylvie , Bastin Jean , De Bandt Jean‐Pascal , Cynober Luc , Moinard Christophe , Forest Claude , Noirez Philippe 
Published: June 2014

ScopeDuring aging, increased visceral adipose tissue (AT) mass may result in impaired metabolic status. A citrulline (CIT)‐supplemented diet reduces AT mass in old rats. We hypothesized that CIT could directly affect fatty acid (FA) metabolism in retroperitoneal AT.Methods and resultsA 24‐h exposure of AT explants from old (25 months) rats to 2.5 mM CIT induced a 50% rise in glycerol and FA release, which was not observed in explants from young (2 months) animals. The phosphorylated form of hormone‐sensitive lipase, a key lipolytic enzyme, was 1.5‐fold higher in CIT‐treated explants from old and young rats, whereas glyceroneogenesis, that provides glycerol‐3P requested for FA re‐esterification, and its key enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, were down‐regulated 40–70%. Specifically in young rats, beta‐oxidation capacity and gene expressions of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1‐b and very long chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase were strongly up‐regulated by CIT. In contrast, in old rats, while glyceroneogenesis was lower, beta‐oxidation was not affected, enabling increased FA release.ConclusionHence, in visceral AT, CIT exerts a specific induction of the beta‐oxidation capacity in young rats and a selective stimulation of FA release in old rats, therefore providing a direct mechanism of CIT action to reduce AT mass.
The Millennium Cohort Family Study: a prospective evaluation of the health and well‐being of military service members and their families
Authors: Crum‐Cianflone Nancy F. , Fairbank John A. , Marmar Charlie R. , Schlenger William 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe need to understand the impact of war on military families has never been greater than during the past decade, with more than three million military spouses and children affected by deployments to Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom. Understanding the impact of the recent conflicts on families is a national priority, however, most studies have examined spouses and children individually, rather than concurrently as families. The Department of Defense (DoD) has recently initiated the largest study of military families in US military history (the Millennium Cohort Family Study), which includes dyads of military service members and their spouses (n > 10,000). This study includes US military families across the globe with planned follow‐up for 21+ years to evaluate the impact of military experiences on families, including both during and after military service time. This review provides a comprehensive description of this landmark study including details on the research objectives, methodology, survey instrument, ancillary data sets, and analytic plans. The Millennium Cohort Family Study offers a unique opportunity to define the challenges that military families experience, and to advance the understanding of protective and vulnerability factors for designing training and treatment programs that will benefit military families today and into the future. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
miR‐124 exhibits antiproliferative and antiaggressive effects on prostate cancer cells through PACE4 pathway
Authors: Kang Shaosan , Zhao Yansheng , Hu Kaimeng , Xu Chen , Wang Lei , Liu Jian , Yao Anliang , Zhang Hongmei , Cao Fenghong 
Published: June 2014

INTRODUCTIONPACE4 plays an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) proliferation and aggression, which might provide a useful target against prostate cancer. In this study, we had strived to find some key miRNAs to decrease malignancy and invasiveness of PCa through regulating PACE4 expression.METHODSClinically pathological analysis of immunohistochemistry/in situ hybridization was carried out to detect the relationship between PACE4 expression/miRNAs and the malignancy of prostate mass. Prostate cell lines (DU145, C4‐2, and BPH‐1) were cultured for growth curve, immunocytochemistry analysis, colony formation, Matrigel invasion, and transcriptional/translational expression assay of PACE4‐related signaling molecules for confirming the relationship. MiRNAs targeting PACE4 were predicted, validated and further‐corroborated using bio‐software, real‐time PCR, luciferase reporter assay and transfection of miRNA mimics and inhibitor.RESULTSIt was suggested that PACE4 might reflect the pathological malignancy of prostate lesion from pathology analysis. Moreover, DU145 cells, the highest PACE4‐level and related TF expression indicated of the strongest malignancy and invasiveness. It was significantly found that miR‐124 was presented with the biggest odd to target PACE4‐3′UTR, the capability of decreasing PACE expression and slowing down cell growth and cell invasion.CONCLUSIONSIt was clear that PACE4 level was closely associated with malignancy and invasiveness of PCa in vivo or in vitro MiR‐124, played a crucial role inhibiting PACE4 transcription thus exhibiting obvious effects of antiproliferation and antiaggression of PCa. Prostate 74:1095–1106, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utility of FDG‐PET in clinical neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Authors: Spratt Daniel E. , Gavane Somali , Tarlinton Lisa , Fareedy Shoaib B. , Doran Michael G. , Zelefsky Michael J. , Osborne Joseph R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDFluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has well‐characterized limitations in prostate adenocarcinoma (PCA). However, data assessing the utility of PET in neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is limited to isolated case reports. Herein, we describe the first case series to assess the utility of FDG‐PET in NEPC.METHODSInclusion criteria consisted of clinically progressive metastatic PCA in the setting of a chromogranin‐A levels >1.5× the upper limit of normal, and ≥1 FDG‐PET scan after the diagnosis of NEPC, which yielded 23 patients. All metastatic lesions on CT, PET, and bone scan were read by two independent physicians.RESULTSFive hundred ninety two unique lesions were identified across all imaging modalities, 510 were bone metastases, and 82 were soft tissue metastases. Of bone lesions, 22.2%, 92.7%, and 77.6% were detected by PET, CT, and bone scan, respectively. Of soft tissue lesions, 95.1% and 97.5% were detected by PET and CT, respectively. Stratified by the median survival from NEPC diagnosis, patients who survived <2.2 versus ≥2.2 years had more PET avid bone (8 vs. 2, P = 0.06) and soft tissue lesions (7 vs. 1, P = 0.01), and higher average SUVmax of bone (5.49 vs. 3.40, P = 0.04) and soft tissue lesions (8.02 vs. 3.90, P = 0.0002).CONCLUSIONSIn patients with clinical NEPC, we demonstrate that FDG‐PET has clinical utility in the detection of metastatic disease. In addition to detection, PET allows for treatment response to determine tumor viability. With novel therapies on the horizon to treat NEPC, consideration to investigate the use of FDG‐PET to monitor response is warranted. Prostate 74:1153–1159, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of Carbon Sequestration Ability and Effect of Elevation in Fenced Wetland Plant Communities of the Xilin River Floodplains: A Model Case Study
Authors: Liu Y. , Wang L. , Liu H. , Wang W. , Liang C. , Yang J. , Verhoeven J. T. A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFloodplain habitats of the Xilin River in Inner Mongolia, China, were overgrazed by sheep and cattle until fencing of the floodplains was implemented in 2000. Carbon cycling of three plant communities of differing floodplain elevation after fencing showed that biomass in low‐elevation wetlands increased fastest until reaching its maximum at 20 years in the future, while a slower increase in biomass existed in high‐elevation and ‘hummock’ wetlands. Modelling and field experiments revealed differences between the three plant communities that were primarily attributed to different elevation levels and inundation periods. This study also determined the carbon sequestration capacity of the three floodplain wetland types (0.18 kg C m−2 year−1 in low‐elevation wetlands, 0.09 kg C m−2 year−1 in high‐elevation wetlands, and 0.05 kg C m−2 year−1 in hummock wetlands). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.