bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment retention, drug use and social functioning outcomes in those receiving 3 months versus 1 month of supervised opioid maintenance treatment. Results from the Super C randomized controlled trial
Authors: Holland Richard , Maskrey Vivienne , Swift Louise , Notley Caitlin , Robinson Angela , Nagar Jess , Gale Tim , Kouimtsidis Christos 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimSupervised consumption of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) is standard in many drug centres reducing drug diversion, but is costly. We aimed to determine whether supervised consumption of OMT improved retention and other measures of drug use.DesignPragmatic randomized controlled trial comparing 3 months of daily supervised consumption of OMT with 1 month or less of daily supervised OMT, then daily unsupervised consumption.SettingFour community drug services in the United Kingdom.ParticipantsA total of 293 opioid‐dependent patients entering OMT.MeasurementsPrimary outcome: retention in treatment at 12 weeks. Secondary: retention at 6 months; illicit drug use [Maudsley Addiction Profile (MAP)]; quality of life (SF‐12 and MAP); criminality (MAP); and social functioning.FindingsNo significant between‐group difference was observed for the primary outcome: 69% (100 of 145) supervised and 74% (109 of 148) unsupervised were retained [odds ratio (OR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.43–1.27]. Per protocol survival analysis suggested that supervised patients were less well retained (hazard ratio for retention = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51–1.00). Illicit opioid use reduced in both groups and, while not statistically significant by intention‐to‐treat analysis, favoured unsupervised patients in per protocol analysis (odds of positive opioid screen for supervised versus unsupervised = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.05–4.06). Data on criminal activity also favoured unsupervised patients with 21% supervised patients committing crime versus 9% unsupervised (OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 1.28–8.86).ConclusionsThere was no evidence of a difference in treatment retention or opioid use rates between patients whose consumption of opioid maintenance treatment was supervised for 3 months daily (except Saturdays) compared with supervision for 1 month. There was some evidence that longer periods of supervised consumption were associated with higher levels of criminality.
Maintenance treatment for opioid dependence with slow‐release oral morphine: a randomized cross‐over, non‐inferiority study versus methadone
Authors: Beck Thilo , Haasen Christian , Verthein Uwe , Walcher Stephan , Schuler Christoph , Backmund Markus , Ruckes Christian , Reimer Jens 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimsTo compare the efficacy of slow‐release oral morphine (SROM) and methadone as maintenance medication for opioid dependence in patients previously treated with methadone.DesignProspective, multiple‐dose, open label, randomized, non‐inferiority, cross‐over study over two 11‐week periods. Methadone treatment was switched to SROM with flexible dosing and vice versa according to period and sequence of treatment.SettingFourteen out‐patient addiction treatment centres in Switzerland and Germany.ParticipantsAdults with opioid dependence in methadone maintenance programmes (dose ≥50 mg/day) for ≥26 weeks.MeasurementsThe efficacy end‐point was the proportion of heroin‐positive urine samples per patient and period of treatment. Each week, two urine samples were collected, randomly selected and analysed for 6‐monoacetyl‐morphine and 6‐acetylcodeine. Non‐inferiority was concluded if the two‐sided 95% confidence interval (CI) in the difference of proportions of positive urine samples was below the predefined boundary of 10%.FindingsOne hundred and fifty‐seven patients fulfilled criteria to form the per protocol population. The proportion of heroin‐positive urine samples under SROM treatment (0.20) was non‐inferior to the proportion under methadone treatment (0.15) (least‐squares mean difference 0.05; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.08; P > 0.01). The 95% CI fell within the 10% non‐inferiority margin, confirming the non‐inferiority of SROM to methadone. A dose‐dependent effect was shown for SROM (i.e. decreasing proportions of heroin‐positive urine samples with increasing SROM doses). Retention in treatment showed no significant differences between treatments (period 1/period 2: SROM: 88.7%/82.1%, methadone: 91.1%/88.0%; period 1: P = 0.50, period 2: P = 0.19). Overall, safety outcomes were similar between the two groups.ConclusionsSlow‐release oral morphine appears to be at least as effective as methadone in treating people with opioid use disorder.
Microfinance, Mission Drift, and the Impact on the Base of the Pyramid: A Resource‐Based Approach
Authors: Casselman R. Mitch , Sama Linda M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article draws on resource‐based theory and the literature on strategic intent to develop a theoretical model that explains the concept of mission drift in microfinance institutions (MFIs). We argue that the differential strategic intents of commercially oriented, for‐profit, and socially oriented nonprofit organizations drive the acquisition of disparate resources and capabilities, which in turn drives distinct performance outcomes, including a focus on different markets within the overall base of the pyramid (BOP). The article suggests that it is the dynamic aspects of changing strategic intent and the consequent timing delays in the development of associated resources and capabilities that lead to various issues of mission drift. Finally, we suggest that cross‐sector alliances between for‐profit and nonprofit MFIs may benefit from the unique capabilities of both types of organizations and deliver the most and broadest impact on poverty alleviation in BOP markets.
The Detrimental Side Effects of Minimum Wage Laws
Authors: Hovenga Claire , Naik Devaja , Block Walter E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe adverse effects of minimum wage legislation demonstrate how a government policy presumably intended to help people worst off in society can actually end up causing far more harm than good. In this case, the victims are unskilled laborers. By making it illegal for employers to pay unskilled workers wages equal to their marginal revenue productivity, it causes unemployment for all workers whose productivity happens to be below the minimum wage. It also widens the wage gap between whites and minorities because there are disproportionate numbers of unskilled and uneducated minorities compared with whites.
The Global Food Industry and “Creative Capitalism”: The Partners in Food Solutions Sustainable Business Model
Authors: Hemphill Thomas A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractRising global food prices have driven 44 million additional people into extreme poverty—and malnutrition—in developing countries since June 2010. Partners in Food Solutions (PFS), a nonprofit social enterprise affiliated with General Mills, is proposed as the conduit for food industry managers, engineers, and scientists to initially advise small‐ and medium‐sized African mills and food processors—and later other developing countries—on improving supply chain management by addressing manufacturing problems, developing products, improving packaging, extending product shelf, and finding new product markets. In this article, the “creative capitalism” model of sustainability and social and environmental responsibility is applied to the food manufacturing industry's efforts supporting PFS. Furthermore, the evolution of the sustainable business model developed by PFS is thoroughly described, explained, and analyzed as a generic model of social enterprise to be “scaled up” by the global food manufacturing industry. A summary of salient points conclude the article.
Trust, Morality, and the Privatization of Water Services in Developing Countries
Authors: Rahaman Abu Shiraz , Everett Jeff , Neu Dean 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article examines the business of water privatization and the ethics implied in the transformation of the water services sector in developing countries. Drawing on data derived from field visits and semi‐structured interviews held with members of government, nongovernmental organizations, and other stakeholders in one country undergoing transformation in this sector, Ghana, the article considers the ethical perspectives of the various involved stakeholders. The analysis draws on three perspectives—Gilligan's ethic of care, Rawls’ principles of justice, and virtue ethics—which together highlight the economic, class, and gender‐based dimensions of the privatization debate. Finding that endemic mistrust characterizes this debate, the article considers what is needed to re‐instill trust among stakeholders. Specific implications are provided for business leaders and government policymakers.
Age‐time risk patterns of solid cancers in 60 901 non‐Hodgkin lymphoma survivors from Finland, Norway and Sweden
Authors: Lorenzo Bermejo Justo , Pukkala Eero , Johannesen Tom B. , Sundquist Jan , Hemminki Kari 
Published: December 2013

SummarySurvival after non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has increased thanks to improved treatment but NHL survivors have an increased risk of second neoplasms. The assessment of cancer risk patterns after NHL may help to quantify the late side‐effects of therapy. Poisson regression was used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and absolute incidence rates for nine solid tumours based on a nationwide cohort of 60 901 NHL survivors from Finland, Norway and Sweden. Patients were diagnosed between 1980 and 2006 and developed 6815 s neoplasms. NHL patients showed an increased risk of each of the nine investigated cancer sites: prostate and pancreas (both RRs 1·28), breast (1·37), colorectum (1·48), urinary bladder (1·52), stomach and lung (both RRs 1·87), skin (melanoma 2·27) and kidney (2·56). The RRs showed a U‐shaped relationship with time after NHL for all nine‐second cancer types. NHL diagnosis early in life was a risk factor for the development of second cancers with the exception of melanoma, but a risk excess was even observed in patients diagnosed with NHL at age 80+ years. The present study provides accurate estimates on the adverse late effects of NHL therapy, which should guide the establishment of cancer prevention strategies in NHL survivors.
A Retrospective Study on Immediate Placement of Neoss Implants with Early Loading of Full‐Arch Bridges
Authors: Andersson Peter , Degasperi Werner , Verrocchi Damiano , Sennerby Lars 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundFull‐arch clearances of compromised teeth and placement of implant‐supported prostheses is one solution for the prosthetic rehabilitation of partially dentate patients.PurposeTo retrospectively evaluate treatment outcomes after full clearance, immediate placement, and early loading of full‐arch fixed bridges.Materials and MethodsFifty‐five patients subjected to full clearance and placement of 284 Neoss implants (Bimodal™ and Proactive™, Neoss Ltd, Harrogate, UK) in 29 edentulous maxillae and 26 mandibles for early loading (1 to 3 days) of a provisional full‐arch bridge were retrospectively evaluated after 1 to 6 years of loading. Osstell™ measurements (Osstell AB, Göteborg, Sweden) were taken at placement and after 3 to 9 months when the provisional bridge was replaced with a permanent one. Marginal bone levels were measured in intraoral radiographs.ResultsAll patients (100%) wore a fixed bridge at the time of finalizing the study. A total of 18 failures (6.3%) were encountered during the follow‐up, giving an overall cumulative survival rate of 93.7%. All failures occurred in the maxilla (10.6%), and no implants were lost in the mandible. More Bimodal™ (9.0%) than Proactive™ (4.1%) implants failed. Failing implants showed a significantly lower mean primary stability than successful ones (p = .015). Failed cases showed a significantly lower average ISQ for all implants (p = .015) and a marked decrease to the second registration, while successful cases showed and maintained high ISQs. The average bone loss after 1 year was 0.8 ± 0.5 mm.ConclusionsFull‐arch clearance of severely diseased teeth followed by immediate placement of Neoss implants, early loading with provisional full‐arch bridges, and subsequent permanent bridges is a possible treatment modality for partially dentate patients. Caution with this approach is recommended for the maxilla, as opposed to the mandible.
The use of a fludarabine‐based conditioning regimen in patients with severe aplastic anemia – a retrospective analysis from three Indian centers
Authors: George Biju , Mathews Vikram , Lakshmi Kavitha M. , Melinkeri Sameer , Sharma Ajay , Viswabandya Auro , Sharma Sanjeevan , Das Satyaranjan , Ahmed Rayaz , Abraham Aby , Nair Velu , Apte Shashikant , Chandy Mammen , Srivastava Alok 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBetween 2001 and 2009, 121 patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using a conditioning protocol of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide at three Indian hospitals. Donors were HLA‐identical sibling or family donors. Seventy‐six patients were considered “high risk” as per criteria. The graft source included peripheral blood stem cells in 109 and G‐CSF‐stimulated bone marrow in 12. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine and mini‐methotrexate. Engraftment occurred in 117 (96.6%) while two had graft failure and two expired in the first two wk. Neutrophil engraftment was seen at 12.3 d (range: 9–19) while platelet engraftment occurred at 12.4 d (range: 8–32). Grade II–IV acute GVHD was seen in 26.7% and grade IV GVHD in 8.6%. Chronic GVHD occurred in 44% and was extensive in 10%. The five‐yr overall survival for the entire cohort is 75.8 ± 3.9% with a survival of 95.6 ± 3.1% in the low‐risk group (n = 45) and 64.0 ± 5.6% in the high‐risk group (n = 76). Conditioning with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide is associated with very good long‐term survival in patients undergoing HSCT for SAA.
Use of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles as search cues by Tiphia vernalis and Tiphia popilliavora to locate their below‐ground scarabaeid hosts
Authors: Obeysekara Piyumi T. , Legrand Ana , Lavigne Gary 
Published: December 2013

AbstractJapanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, and oriental beetle, Anomala orientalis (Waterhouse) (both Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are considered invasive species and have been reported as key pests of urban landscapes in the Northeastern USA. Tiphia vernalis Rohwer and Tiphia popilliavora Rohwer (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) were introduced as biocontrol agents against these beetles. These parasitic wasps burrow into the soil and search for grubs. When a host is found, the wasp attaches an egg in a location that is specific for the wasp species. It is unknown if these wasps can detect patches of concealed hosts from a distance above ground and what role, if any, herbivore‐induced plant volatiles play in their host location. This study evaluated the responses of female T. vernalis and T. popilliavora to grub‐infested and healthy plants in Y‐tube olfactometer bioassays. Also the effect of root herbivory on the composition of turfgrass (Poaceae) volatile profiles was investigated by collecting volatiles from healthy and grub‐infested grasses. Tiphia wasps were highly attracted to volatiles emitted by grub‐infested tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) over healthy grasses. In contrast, wasps did not exhibit a significant preference for grub‐infested perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as compared with the control plants. The terpene levels emitted by grub‐infested Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue were greater than that of control plants. Low levels of terpenes were observed for both test and control perennial ryegrass. The elevated levels of terpenes emitted by grub‐infested Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue coincided with the attractiveness to the tiphiid wasps. Here, we provide evidence that plant exposure to root‐feeding insects P. japonica and A. orientalis resulted in an increase in terpenoid levels in turfgrasses, which strongly attracts their above‐ground parasitoids.
Diplodia corticola and Phytophthora cinnamomi: the main pathogens involved in holm oak decline on Caprera Island (Italy)
Authors: Linaldeddu B. T. , Scanu B. , Maddau L. , Franceschini A. 
Published: December 2013

SummarySince 2008, severe and widespread tree decline and mortality has been observed at the main growing Quercus ilex L. (holm oak) forest on Caprera Island, Italy. To clarify the symptomatology and aetiology of this phenomenon, field surveys and isolations from symptomatic trees were carried out in summer 2010. Affected trees exhibited crown thinning, branch dieback, sunken cankers, epicormic shoots, exudates on branches and trunk, root losses and sudden death symptoms. Four fungal species belonging to Botryosphaeriaceae family, namely Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia corticola, D. seriata and Neofusicoccum parvum, were isolated from cankers on trunk and branches, whereas three species of Phytophthora, namely P. cinnamomi, P. cryptogea and P. gonapodyides, were isolated from fine roots and rhizosphere soil samples. Isolates were identified using both morphological analysis and DNA‐based techniques. Pathogenicity trials on holm oak seedlings showed that all the isolated species are pathogenic. D. corticola proved to be the most aggressive species. Our results provide the first evidence for a combined involvement of D. corticola and P. cinnamomi in the aetiology of holm oak decline in Italy and suggest that these pathogens are not only important contributing factors in the onset of long‐term tree decline, but also may cause the rapid devastation of extensive oak ecosystems.
Modification of physiochemical properties of copra meal by dilute acid hydrolysis
Authors: Thongsook Tipawan , Chaijamrus Sirilux 
Published: December 2013

SummaryCoconut residue or copra meal (CM), a by‐product after pressing cream and oil out of the coconut meat, is a good source of dietary fibre (DF), but high water‐holding capacity (WHC) of CM limits the quantity of fibre incorporated into food products. This study focused on the modification of CM physiochemical properties using acid hydrolysis to improve its potential utilisation as source of food fibres or low‐calories bulk ingredients in food applications. Acid hydrolysis using 0.5% HCl significantly reduced swelling capacity (SC) and water retention capacity, whereas bulk density (BD) and soluble DF content of the modified CM significantly increased. Monosaccharide composition profile, gel penetration profile and FT‐IR spectra indicated the destruction of CM matrix structure. This destruction increased compactness of the structure and lessened the ability of CM to hold water. Substituting the modified CM for wheat flour in bread and cookies significantly improved bread and cookies qualities compared with the use of the untreated CM. Response surface methodology showed that HCl concentration, hydrolysis temperature and time influenced properties of the modified CM. The models predicting their relationships were also generated.
Optimal advertising decisions for promoting retail and online channels in a dynamic framework
Authors: Sayadi Mohammad Kazem , Makui Ahmad 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAdvertising plays an important role in sales promotion in supply chains. In this paper, advertising decisions for retail and online channels respectively, by retailer and manufacturer will be analyzed. The competition between retailer and manufacturer will be modeled by differential game theory, and feedback Nash equilibrium of the game will be obtained. Some insights are provided by using comparative statics. The obtained results show that compatibility factor of a product with online marketing, difference between manufacturer's online price and wholesale price, effectiveness of advertising, marginal profits, and cost of advertising all have significant effects on the advertising decisions in the equilibrium.
Early Disease Progression after Intravesical Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) Therapy for Superficial Bladder Cancer
Authors: Kanamaru Hiroshi , Saikawa Shigeki , Muranaka Koji , Mori Hirotaka , Akino Hironobu , Miwa Yoshiji , Nakamura Naohiro , Fujita Tomohiro , Okada Kenichiro 
Published: December 2013

Background: Disease progression after Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) instillation therapy for bladder cancer is not rare. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients treated with BCG for superficial bladder cancer, focusing on the patients who developed invasive disease during follow‐up. The possible mechanism and risk factors for early progression after BCG therapy are discussed.Methods: A total of 25 patients with superficial bladder cancer (pTa, pT1, and/or pTis) were treated with intravesical BCG instillation (80 mg in 80 mL saline) once a week for eight weeks. Four of the 25 patients received maintenance therapy with BCG (once a month for 3 to 10 months). Patients were followed every three months and underwent cystoscopy, biopsy, and urinary cytology at these intervals. Disease progression was defined as invasion to muscle or prostate, or development of metastatic disease. Clinicopathological features of the patients, especially those with progression, were analyzed.Results: Progression was observed in six of the 25 patients (including four of 19 patients with carcinoma in situ and two of five patients treated prophylactically with BCG). The average time to progression was 8.7 months. Four patients died of cancer despite intensive treatment. Two patients are alive: one without evidence of disease after cystectomy and the other with metastatic disease.Conclusions: Proper patient selection, careful follow‐up, and immediate aggressive therapy in case of progression were considered to be important factors to obtain satisfactory results with BCG therapy for bladder cancer.
Microlith Formation In Vitro by Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) Cells
Authors: Kageyama Shinji , Ohtawara Yoshihisa , Fujita Kimio , Watanabe Tetsuya , Ushiyama Tomomi , Suzuki Kazuo , Naito Yasuhisa , Kawabe Kazuki 
Published: December 2013

Background: The mechanism of renal stone genesis as well as the location of stone crystal formation in the kidney remains unclear. Possible sites of stone generation are either in the tubular lumen or tubular cell.Methods: We cultured Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK), LLC‐PK1 and Magen Krebs Niigata‐28 (MKN‐28) cells in DMEM + 10% FBS medium in a well without passage for 30 days.Results: MDCK cells produced microliths at the basolateral side but not on the lumen side of these cells. The other two cell lines did not form microliths.Conclusion: Our data show that microlith formation is a characteristic of MDCK cells and that biological mineralization of MDCK cells may serve as a human urolithiasis model in vitro. The findings support a significant role of the renal distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts in the in vitro generation of urinary stones.