bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phage therapy treatment of the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus
Authors: Cohen Yossi , Joseph Pollock F. , Rosenberg Eugene , Bourne David G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractVibrio coralliilyticus is an important coral pathogen demonstrated to cause disease outbreaks worldwide. This study investigated the feasibility of applying bacteriophage therapy to treat the coral pathogen V. coralliilyticus. A specific bacteriophage for V. coralliilyticus strain P1 (LMG23696), referred to here as bacteriophage YC, was isolated from the seawater above corals at Nelly Bay, Magnetic Island, central Great Barrier Reef (GBR), the same location where the bacterium was first isolated. Bacteriophage YC was shown to be a lytic phage belonging to the Myoviridae family, with a rapid replication rate, high burst size, and high affinity to its host. By infecting its host bacterium, bacteriophage YC was able to prevent bacterial‐induced photosystem inhibition in pure cultures of Symbiodinium, the photosymbiont partner of coral and a target for virulence factors produced by the bacterial pathogen. Phage therapy experiments using coral juveniles in microtiter plates as a model system revealed that bacteriophage YC was able to prevent V. coralliilyticus‐induced photoinactivation and tissue lysis. These results demonstrate that bacteriophage YC has the potential to treat coral disease outbreaks caused by the bacterial pathogen V. coralliilyticus, making it a good candidate for phage therapy treatment of coral disease.
Facile fabrication of superhydrophobic raspberry‐like SIO2/polystyrene composite particles
Authors: Shang Qianqian , Wang Mengyu , Liu Hu , Gao Lijing , Xiao Guomin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA facile and novel strategy was reported on the fabrication of raspberry‐like SiO2/polystyrene (SiO2/PS) composite particles by emulsion polymerization in the presence of vinyl‐functionalized silica (vinyl‐SiO2) particles, which were prepared via a one‐step sol–gel process using vinyltriethoxysilane as the precursor. The submicron vinyl‐SiO2 particles were used as the core, and nanosized PS particles were then adsorbed onto the vinyl‐SiO2 particles to form raspberry‐like composite particles during the polymerization process. The composition, morphology, and structure of the vinyl‐SiO2 particles and the SiO2/PS hybrid particles were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Superhydrophobic surface can be constructed by directly depositing the raspberry‐like SiO2/PS composite particles on glass substrate, and the water contact angle can be adjusted by the styrene/SiO2 weight ratio. In addition, the superhydrophobic film possessed a strong adhesive force to pin water droplet on the surface even when the film was turned upside down. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Incidence of hemorrhagic stroke in the general population: validation of data from The Health Improvement Network
Authors: Gaist David , Wallander Mari‐Ann , González‐Pérez Antonio , García‐Rodríguez Luis Alberto 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeThe Health Improvement Network (THIN) is a UK healthcare database composed of computerized information from primary care physicians (PCPs). We analyzed the validity of our method for identifying cases of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) within THIN and assessed the incidence of these events.MethodsPatients aged 20–89 years were identified and followed until (i) ICH or SAH was detected, (ii) the patient reached 90 years old (iii) death, or (iv) the end of the study. Computerized patient profiles were reviewed manually; those not discarded became potential cases. A validation study was undertaken in 400 computer‐detected cases (333 confirmed as potential cases; 67 discarded). PCPs completed a questionnaire to determine the actual incidence of ICH and SAH among these cases. We also assessed the incidence of ICH and SAH in the total cohort.ResultsA total of 4330 patients with a READ code suggesting hemorrhagic stroke were identified. Computerized profiles with free‐text comments were reviewed manually to identify 3633 potential cases. Responses to the PCP questionnaire were received for 306 potential cases and 63 discarded cases (92% response rate); 82% of potential cases were confirmed. Finally, we identified 3137 cases of hemorrhagic stroke. Crude incidence was 15 per 100 000 person‐years for ICH and 11 per 100 000 person‐years for SAH; the overall incidence increased sharply with age.ConclusionsComputer detection of cases of hemorrhagic stroke in THIN followed by manual review of clinical profiles is a valid method. The incidence of hemorrhagic stroke increases sharply with age. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pervaporation study of ethylene glycol dehydration through synthesized (PVA–4A)/polypropylene mixed matrix composite membranes
Authors: Shahverdi Mahnaz , Baheri Bahareh , Rezakazemi Mashallah , Motaee Elahe , Mohammadi Toraj 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/zeolite 4A mixed matrix composite membranes supported on polypropylene microfiltration membranes were prepared by solution casting method and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde to investigate their pervaporation (PV) separation properties of water–ethylene glycol mixtures. Scanning electron microscopy images showed homogeneous distribution of zeolite nanoparticles within the polymer matrix without any visible macroscopic voids at the zeolite–polymer interface. The PV experiments were accomplished to investigate the effects of water concentration (10–40 wt%) and temperature (60–80°C) on separation performance of the membranes. It was found out that 5 wt% loading of the 4A nanoparticles into the PVA matrix is optimal to obtain the best separation performance. The experimental results revealed that loading of zeolite 4A enhanced the membrane performance [both permeation flux (5%) and separation factor (32%) at 5 wt% zeolite loading]. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Reduction of residual stress in SiO2‐matrix silicon nano‐crystal thin films by a combination of rapid thermal annealing and tube‐furnace annealing
Authors: Huang Junjun , Zeng Yuheng , Wang Weiyan , Yang Ye , Huang Jinhua , Tan Ruiqin , Dai Shixun , Dai Ning , Song Weijie 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this work, SRO thin films were prepared by magnetron sputtering and converted to Si nano‐crystals (Si‐NCs) by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Further tube‐furnace annealing was performed on the Si‐NC films in order to reduce residual stress. The residual stress in the Si‐NC thin films after RTA at 1100 and 1200 °C were determined as 2.41 and 1.87 GPa, respectively, and the following tube‐furnace annealing can obviously decrease the residual stress. The residual stress decreased with increasing annealing temperature and time. The following tube‐furnace annealing at 1100 °C for 60 min and 1000 °C for 180 min reduced the residual stress to 1.46 and 1 GPa, respectively, for the Si‐NC thin films with prior RTA at 1200 °C. The reduction of residual stress was ascribed to the larger density of extended defects and the lower surface‐to‐volume ratio of the thin films.
Globally asymptotically stable saturated PID controllers for a double integrator with constant disturbance
Authors: Hu Jinchang , Zhang Honghua 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYThis paper provides a deep insight into the saturated PID control of a double integrator with bounded disturbance. On the basis of the nested saturation functions, a simple PID‐like controller is proposed. The main difficulty in saturation control with bounded disturbances is to prove that the unsaturated regions are invariant. By phase plane and singular perturbation analysis, we prove that the saturation restrictions on the controller can be removed one by one in finite time, and the closed‐loop system can be finally reduced to a nonsaturated PID controlled double integrator. The sufficient conditions for the stability of the closed loop with disturbance are also derived. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversible Phase Transition of 4‐Ethoxybenzenammonium Iodide
Authors: Wang Wen‐Xiang , Fu Xue‐Qun 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA new phase transition compound 4‐ethoxybenzenammonium iodide (1) (C8H12ON+·I–) was determined. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results show sharp peaks appear at 157.93 K (–115.22 °C) on heating and 157.00 K (–116.15 °C) on cooling with ΔH = 120.34 J·mol–1, ΔS = 0.762 J·mol–1·K–1. The dielectric measurements appear clear slope change, which matches well as observed in the DSC results. The crystal structure analyze shows that the space group changes from P21 at 103(2) K to P21/c at 298(2) K during the phase transition process. The essential difference between the two temperature structures is the relative orientation of the oxyethyl group to the benzene ring, slight displacements of the anionic iodine and the packing of the molecular species.
Vegetation, fire, climate and human disturbance history in the southwestern Mediterranean area during the late Holocene
Authors: Jiménez-Moreno Gonzalo , García-Alix Antonio , Hernández-Corbalán María Dolores , Anderson R. Scott , Delgado-Huertas Antonio 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDetailed pollen, charcoal, isotope and magnetic susceptibility data from an alpine lake sediment core from Sierra Nevada, southern Spain record changes in vegetation, fire history and lake sedimentation since ca. 4100 cal yr BP. The proxies studied record an arid period from ca. 3800 to 3100 cal yr BP characterized by more xerophytic vegetation and lower lake levels. A humid period is recorded between ca. 3100 and 1850 cal yr BP, which occurred in two steps: (1) an increase in evergreen Quercus between 3100 and 2500 cal yr BP, indicating milder conditions than previously and (2) an increase in deciduous Quercus and higher lake levels, between ca. 2500 and 1850 cal yr BP, indicating a further increase in humidity and reduction in seasonal contrast. Humid maxima occurred during the Roman Humid Period, previously identified in other studies in the Mediterranean region. Intensified fire activity at this time could be related to an increase in fuel load and/or in human disturbance. An arid period subsequently occurred between 1850 and 650 cal yr BP, though a decrease in Quercus and an increase in xerophytes. The alternation of persistent North Atlantic Oscillation modes probably played an important role in controlling these humid–arid cycles.
STABLE RANK OF LEAVITT PATH ALGEBRAS OF ARBITRARY GRAPHS
Authors: LARKI HOSSEIN , RIAZI ABDOLHAMID 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe stable rank of Leavitt path algebras of row-finite graphs was computed by Ara and Pardo. In this paper we extend this to an arbitrary directed graph. In part our computation proceeds as for the row-finite case, but we also use knowledge of the row-finite setting by applying the desingularising method due to Drinen and Tomforde. In particular, we characterise purely infinite simple quotients of a Leavitt path algebra.
BIRTH SEASONALITY AS A RESPONSE TO A CHANGING RURAL ENVIRONMENT (KAYES REGION, MALI)
Authors: PHILIBERT ALINE , TOURIGNY CAROLINE , COULIBALY ALIOU , FOURNIER PIERRE 
Published: December 2012

SummaryBirth seasonality responds to a variety of environmental and socio-cultural factors. The present study was carried out to quantify the trends in seasonal variation in birth rate in seven districts in the Kayes region of Mali between 2007 and 2010 and to attempt to link climatic- and agricultural-cycle-dependent factors with birth seasonality. Lagged regression analysis based on time series analysis techniques was used to investigate seasonality of births registered in health facilities and its association with climate, labour migration, agriculture workload, malaria infection and food supply. There was a clear bimodal pattern in month-to-month institutional delivery rate variation, and this seasonal pattern repeated each year over the study period. The data showed that rates of health-facility-attended deliveries were high at the end of the dry season (April–June), fell rapidly in the first half of the rainy season, rose again during the later part of the rainy season (August–October) and fell to their lowest values after the rains. The first peak observed in spring (April–June) corresponded to conception nine months earlier during the rainy season (between July and September), while the second peak observed in the third quarter of the year (August–October) corresponded with conception at the beginning of the dry season right after the harvest period (between November and January). Between these peaks was an abrupt trough in July. The findings support a causal process through which climate change influences conception/birth seasonality in two direct and indirect pathways. On one side climate change influences conception/birth seasonality from the effects on fetal loss (changes in annual rainfall leading to changes in malaria incidence) and on the other side by affecting fecundability (changes in agricultural cycles leading to changes in food production, agricultural workload and socio-cultural events, which in turn influence energy balance and sexual behaviour). Labour migration, which is closely linked with the agricultural cycle, influences sexual intercourse and thus marital fertility. Finally, the model emphasizes an ecosystemic approach to the study of birth seasonality.
How Motion Pictures Industrialized Entertainment
Authors: Bakker Gerben 
Published: December 2012

Motion pictures constituted a revolutionary new technology that transformed entertainment—a rival, labor-intensive service—into a non-rival commodity. Combining growth accounting with a new output concept shows productivity growth in entertainment surpassed that in any manufacturing industry between 1900 and 1938. Productivity growth in personal services was not stagnant by definition, as current understanding has it, but instead was unparalleled in some cases. Motion pictures’ contribution to aggregate GDP and TFP growth was much smaller than that of general purpose technologies steam, railways, and electricity, but not insignificant. An observer might have noted that “motion pictures are everywhere except in the productivity statistics.”“So long as the number of persons who can be reached by a human voice is strictly limited, it is not very likely that any singer will make an advance on the £10,000 said to have been earned in a season by Mrs. Billington at the beginning of the last century, nearly as great as that which the business leaders of the present generation have made on the last.”1Alfred Marshall
Heterorhabditis noenieputensis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from South Africa
Authors: Malan A.P. , Knoetze R. , Tiedt L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA new entomopathogenic nematode in the genus Heterorhabditis is described from South Africa, from two singular isolates found 1000 km from each other, from beneath a fig tree and in a citrus orchard, respectively. Morphological and molecular studies indicate both isolates to be the same and a new undescribed Heterorhabditis species. Comparison of sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and the D2D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene with available sequences of other described species within the genus, indicate the two isolates as a new species. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data concerned placed the new species, H. noenieputensis n. sp., closest to H. indica and H. gerrardi in the indica-group. The new species, H. noenieputensis n. sp., is distinguished from other species in the genus by a combination of several morphological traits of the males and the infective juveniles (IJs). The new species differs from all other species previously described, as regards the body length of the IJs, except for H. indica and H. taysearae, in which the IJ is smaller. The IJ also differs from that of H. indica in the length of the oesophagus, the body diameter, the length of the tail and the E%. In addition, males of H. noenieputensis n. sp. differ from their closest relative, H. indica, in the position of the excretory pore, SW% and D%; and from H. gerrardi in the length of the oesophagus and SW%. The seventh pair of genital papillae of H. noenieputensis n. sp. are normally developed, while for H. indica they are often branched or swollen at the base, while 8 and 9 are usually absent in both species.
The effect of urbanization on helminth communities in the Eurasian blackbird (Turdus merulaL.) from the eastern part of the Czech Republic
Authors: Sitko J. , Zaleśny G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn the present study we investigated two ecologically distinct populations ofT. merulafor the presence of helminths. We wished to determine whether urban populations of blackbirds had reduced helminth fauna compared to birds from forest habitats. Birds were caught in two ecologically distinct sites located in the eastern part of the Czech Republic. A total of 320 birds were examined. The first site was located in Prerov where the birds were obtained from a typical urban population, and the second site was Zahlinice, which constitutes a typical forest area. As a result of parasitological examination, 30 helminth species belonging to Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala were recorded from both sites: 29 species were found in the forested site and 15 in the urban site. The overall prevalence of infection was 93.1% and differed significantly between the sites (Zahlinice 97.2%, Prerov 85.1%). The mean species richness was almost three times higher in the forest population (3.37 ± 0.10) than in the urban one (1.78 ± 0.11). The clear qualitative and quantitative differences in the helminth community ofT. merulaobtained from two ecologically disparate localities show that urbanization leads to a significant reduction in the helminth fauna of a bird which is highly adapted to synanthropic habitats, while still remaining common in its original forest habitat.
Fronto-parietal white matter microstructural deficits are linked to performance IQ in a first-episode schizophrenia Han Chinese sample
Authors: Wang Q. , Cheung C. , Deng W. , Li M. , Huang C. , Ma X. , Wang Y. , Jiang L. , McAlonan G. , Sham P. , Collier D. A. , Gong Q. , Chua S. E. , Li T. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundEvidence shows that cognitive deficits and white matter (WM) dysconnectivity can independently be associated with clinical manifestations in schizophrenia. It is important to explore this triadic relationship in order to investigate whether the triplet could serve as potential extended endophenotypes of schizophrenia.MethodDiffusion tensor images and clinical performances were evaluated in 122 individuals with first-episode schizophrenia and 122 age- and gender-matched controls. In addition, 65 of 122 of the patient group and 40 of 122 controls were measured using intelligence quotient (IQ) testing.ResultsThe schizophrenia group showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values than controls in the right cerebral frontal lobar sub-gyral (RFSG) WM. The schizophrenia group also showed a significant positive correlation between FA in the RFSG and performance IQ (PIQ); in turn, their PIQ score showed a significant negative correlation with negative syndromes.ConclusionsOverall, these findings support the hypothesis that WM deficits may be a core deficit that contributes to cognitive deficits as well as to negative symptoms.
Comparison of Anatomy and Composition Distribution between Normal and Compression Wood of Pinus Bungeana Zucc. Revealed by Microscopic Imaging Techniques
Authors: Zhang Zhiheng , Ma Jianfeng , Ji Zhe , Xu Feng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe anatomy and topochemistry in normal and compression wood tracheid cell wall of Pinus bungeana Zucc. were investigated by fluorescence microscopy and confocal Raman microscopy. Using fluorescence microscopy, the severity of compression wood was classed as a mild type for the reason that it did not contain all compression wood features. Chemical imaging by confocal Raman microscopy was used for analyzing the distribution of lignin and cellulose, as well as the functional groups of lignin in tracheid cell walls. By comparison with normal wood, highly lignified outer S2 layer [S2(L)], thicker S1 layer, and obviously reduced lignification in the middle lamella were characteristic of compression wood. In addition, smaller microfibril angle was observed in the S2(L) region. The distribution of coniferyl alcohol and coniferyl aldehyde in normal and compression wood was enriched in S1 and S2 layers but lack in cell corner and/or S2L regions, which showed an opposite pattern to lignin distribution. Confocal Raman microscopy with high spatial resolution contributes to a further understanding of the differences between normal and compression wood in polymers distribution and molecules orientation in situ.
Hyperspectral Cathodoluminescence Examination of Defects in a Carbonado Diamond
Authors: Wilson Nicholas C. , MacRae Colin M. , Torpy Aaron , Davidson Cameron J. , Vicenzi Edward P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHyperspectral cathodoluminescence mapping is used to examine a carbonado diamond. The hyperspectral dataset is examined using a data clustering algorithm to interpret the range of spectral shapes present within the dataset, which are related to defects within the structure of the diamond. The cathodoluminescence response from this particular carbonado diamond can be attributed to a small number of defect types: N-V0, N2V, N3V, a 3.188 eV line, which is attributed to radiation damage, and two broad luminescence bands. Both the N2V and 3.188 eV defects require high-temperature annealing, which has implications for interpreting the thermal history of the diamond. In addition, bright halos observed within the diamond cathodoluminescence, from alpha decay radiation damage, can be attributed to the decay of 238U.
The mean composition of ocean ridge basalts
Authors: Gale Allison , Dalton Colleen A. , Langmuir Charles H. , Su Yongjun , Schilling Jean‐Guy 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe mean composition of mid‐ocean ridge basalts (MORB) is determined using a global data set of major elements, trace elements, and isotopes compiled from new and previously published data. A global catalog of 771 ridge segments, including their mean depth, length, and spreading rate enables calculation of average compositions for each segment. Segment averages allow weighting by segment length and spreading rate and reduce the bias introduced by uneven sampling. A bootstrapping statistical technique provides rigorous error estimates. Based on the characteristics of the data, we suggest a revised nomenclature for MORB. “ALL MORB” is the total composition of the crust apart from back‐arc basins, N‐MORB the most likely basalt composition encountered along the ridge >500 km from hot spots, and D‐MORB the depleted end‐member. ALL MORB and N‐MORB are substantially more enriched than early estimates of normal ridge basalts. The mean composition of back‐arc spreading centers requires higher extents of melting and greater concentrations of fluid‐mobile elements, reflecting the influence of water on back‐arc petrogenesis. The average data permit a re‐evaluation of several problems of global geochemistry. The K/U ratio reported here (12,340 ± 840) is in accord with previous estimates, much lower than the estimate of Arevalo et al. (2009). The low Sm/Nd and 143Nd/144Nd ratio of all morb and N‐MORB provide constraints on the hypothesis that Earth has a non‐chondritic primitive mantle. Either Earth is chondritic in Sm/Nd and the hypothesis is incorrect or MORB preferentially sample an enriched reservoir, requiring a large depleted reservoir in the deep mantle.