bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic hypogonadal (Gnrh1hpg) mouse model uncovers influence of reproductive axis on maturation of the gut microbiome during puberty
Authors: Sisk-Hackworth Laura , Akhavan Shayan R. , Krutkin Dennis D. , Kelley Scott T. , Thackray Varykina G. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe gut microbiome plays a key role in human health and gut dysbiosis is linked to many sex-specific diseases including autoimmune, metabolic, and neurological disorders. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis during puberty leads to sexual maturation and development of sex differences through the action of gonadal sex steroids. While the gut microbiome also undergoes sex differentiation, the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Using a genetic hypogonadal (hpg) mouse model, we sampled the fecal microbiome of male and female wild-type and hpg mutant mice before and after puberty to determine how microbial taxonomy and function are influenced by age, sex, and the HPG axis. We showed that HPG axis activation during puberty is required for sexual maturation of the gut microbiota composition, community structure, and metabolic functions. We also demonstrated that some sex differences in taxonomic composition and amine metabolism developed independently of the HPG axis, indicating that sex chromosomes are sufficient for certain sex differences in the gut microbiome. In addition, we showed that age, independent of HPG axis activation, led to some aspects of pubertal maturation of the gut microbiota community composition and putative functions. These results have implications for microbiome-based treatments, indicating that sex, hormonal status, and age should be considered when designing microbiome-based therapeutics.
APCCdh1-mediated degradation of Cdh1 is necessary for faithful meiotic chromosome segregation inS. cerevisiae
Authors: Ostapenko Denis , Solomon Mark J. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is a ubiquitin ligase that promotes the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of numerous cell cycle regulators during mitosis and in G1. Proteins are recruited to the APC/C by activator proteins such as Cdh1. During the cell cycle, Cdh1 is subject to precise regulation so that substrates are not degraded prematurely. We have explored the regulation of Cdh1 during the developmental transition into meiosis and sporulation in the budding yeastS. cerevisiae. Transition to sporulation medium triggers the degradation of Cdh1. Cdh1 degradation is mediated by the APC/C itself in a “trans” mechanism in which one molecule of Cdh1 recruits a second molecule of Cdh1 to the APC/C for ubiquitination. Degradation requires an intact glucose-sensing SNF1 protein kinase complex (orthologous to the mammalian AMPK nutritional sensor), which directly phosphorylates Cdh1 on Ser-200 within an unstructured N-terminal region. In the absence of phosphorylation, expression of a Cdh1-S200A mutant is fully stabilized, leading to chromosome instability and loss of viability. We hypothesize that Cdh1 degradation is necessary for the preservation of cell cycle regulators and chromosome cohesion proteins between the reductional and equational meiotic divisions, which occur without the intervening Gap or S phases found in mitotic cell cycles.
Preparatory attentional templates in prefrontal and sensory cortex encode target-associated information
Authors: Zhou Zhiheng , Geng Joy J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVisual search relies on the ability to use information about the target in working memory to guide attention and make target-match decisions. The representation of target features is referred to as the “attentional” or “target” template and is thought to be encoded within an IFJ-visual cortical network (Baldauf & Desimone, 2014; Bichot et al., 2015b). The contents of the template typically contain veridical target information that is used to modulate sensory processing in preparation for guiding attention during search. However, many behavioral studies have shown that target-associated information is used to guide attention, especially when target discrimination is difficult (Battistoni et al., 2017; de Lange et al., 2018; Peelen et al., 2024; Vo et al., 2019; Yu et al., 2023; Zhou & Geng, 2024). Thus, while target-associated information is known to impact search performance, its presence within the IFJ-visual attentional network during the preparatory period has never been demonstrated. Here, we use fMRI and multivariate pattern analysis, to test if attentional guidance by target-associated information is explicitly represented in the preparatory period before search begins, either in conjunction with the target or even in place of it. Participants were first trained on four face-scene category pairings after which they completed a cued visual search task for the same faces. Each trial began with a face cue, followed by a delay period, and then a search display with two lateralized faces superimposed on scene images. The critical results showed that while face information could be decoded in the fusiform face area (FFA), superior parietal lobule (SPL), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dLPFC), during the cue period, face information could not be decoded in any brain regions during the delay period. In contrast, the associated scene was decoded only in ventrolateral prefrotnal cortex (vLPFC) curing the cue period but most importantly, in the inferior frontal junction (IFJ) and the parahippocampal place area (PPA) during the delay period. Our results are a novel demonstration that target-associated information from memory can supplant veridical target information in the brain’s “target template” in anticipation of difficult visual search.
The Mediating Role of Sleep in the Association Between Environmental Noise and Mental Health
Authors: Grocott Kaya , Mansour Adelle , Bentley Rebecca , Mason Kate E. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTExposure to environmental noise in residential areas has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes; however, the mechanisms of this relationship remain underexplored. This study investigates the contribution of reduced sleep quality to the negative association between perceived neighbourhood environmental noise exposure and poor mental health. We used the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey and applied causal mediation methods to examine the role of sleep in the association between self-reported exposure to road traffic noise and plane, train and industry (PTI) noise and mental wellbeing at three time points between 2012 and 2021. Road traffic noise was associated with poorer mental health in 2012-13 and 2016-17, while no evidence of an association was observed in 2020-2021 (the period of COVID-related lockdowns in Australia). For the years where a significant association was observed, mediation analyses suggest that reduced sleep quality accounts for 21% (in 2012-13; 95% CI: 7–35%) and 33% (in 2016-17; 95% CI: 26–64%) of the total effect of perceived traffic noise on mental health. Perceived PTI noise was associated with poorer mental health in 2016-2017 and 2020-2021, with mediation through sleep observed in 2016-2017 (proportion mediated 20% (95% CI:3–38%)). Mediation by sleep quality was stronger among people reporting exposure to multiple noise sources than among people reporting exposure to a single noise source. As much as a third of the association between road traffic noise and poor mental wellbeing may be due to poorer sleep quality following exposure to unwanted noise.
Fructose consumption in pregnancy and associations with maternal and offspring hepatic and whole-body adiposity: a scoping review
Authors: Zhao Grace , Chondon Sarah , Gray Clint , Gentili Sheridan , Stanley Meagan , Regnault Timothy RH 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundFructose is a major component in the Western diet, and its increased intake has been linked to adverse metabolic health, including impaired hepatic function and increased adiposity. The early life period, including preconceptionally, pregnancy and the newborn period, are critical periods in determining later metabolic health. However, the impact of excess fructose intake during this time on maternal, fetal, and offspring hepatic and whole-body adiposity, are ill defined.ObjectivesTo understand the effects of maternal fructose consumption pre- and during pregnancy on maternal, fetal and offspring hepatic and whole-body adiposity.MethodsA systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL was performed up to August 23, 2022, to identify studies that focused on maternal fructose consumption pre- and during pregnancy on hepatic and whole-body adiposity in the mother, fetus, and offspring. Citations, abstracts, and full texts were screened in duplicate. Hepatic adiposity was defined as elevated hepatic triglycerides or overall hepatic fat accumulation. Whole-body adiposity was defined as increased adipose tissue or adipocyte hypertrophy.ResultsAfter screening 2334 citations, 33 experimental studies reporting maternal fructose consumption pre- and during pregnancy in rodents were included. Prenatal fructose exposure was associated with maternal (9 out of 12) and offspring (6 out of 10) whole-body adiposity. A high proportion of studies (13 out of 14) supported the association between fructose during pregnancy and increased maternal hepatic adiposity. Fetal hepatic adiposity and elevated expression of hepatic lipogenic proteins were noted in four studies. Offspring hepatic adiposity was supported in 14 of the 17 articles that discussed hepatic results, with five studies demonstrating more severe effects in female offspring.ConclusionsFructose consumption during pregnancy in rodent models is associated with maternal, fetal, and offspring hepatic, whole-body adiposity and underlying sex-specific effects. There are no human fructose studies and its effects in the early life period.Registration numberH8F26 on Open Science Framework
Functional analysis ofESRP1/2gene variants andCTNND1isoforms in orofacial cleft pathogenesis
Authors: Caetano da Silva Caroline , Macias Trevino Claudio , Mitchell Jason , Murali Hemma , Tsimbal Casey , Dalessandro Eileen , Carroll Shannon H. , Kochhar Simren , Curtis Sarah W. , Cheng Ching Hsun Eric , Wang Feng , Kutschera Eric , Carstens Russ P. , Xing Yi , Wang Kai , Leslie Elizabeth J. , Liao Eric C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOrofacial cleft (OFC) is a common human congenital anomaly. Epithelial-specific RNA splicing regulatorsESRP1andESRP2regulate craniofacial morphogenesis and their disruption result in OFC in zebrafish, mouse and humans. Usingesrp1/2mutant zebrafish and murine Py2T cell line models, we functionally tested the pathogenicity of humanESRP1/2gene variants. We found that many variants predicted byin silicomethods to be pathogenic were functionally benign.Esrp1also regulates the alternative splicing ofCtnnd1and these genes are co-expressed in the embryonic and oral epithelium. In fact, over-expression ofctnnd1is sufficient to rescue morphogenesis of epithelial-derived structures inesrp1/2zebrafish mutants. Additionally, we identified 13CTNND1variants from genome sequencing of OFC cohorts, confirmingCTNND1as a key gene in human OFC. This work highlights the importance of functional assessment of human gene variants and demonstrates the critical requirement ofEsrp-Ctnnd1acting in the embryonic epithelium to regulate palatogenesis.
Enzyme-Responsive DNA Condensates
Authors: Bucci Juliette , Malouf Layla , Tanase Diana A. , Farag Nada , Lamb Jacob R. , Gentile Serena , Del Grosso Erica , Kaminski Clemens F. , Di Michele Lorenzo , Ricci Francesco 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTMembrane-less compartments and organelles are widely acknowledged for their role in regulating cellular processes, and there is an urgent need to harness their full potential as both structural and functional elements of synthetic cells. Despite rapid progress, synthetically recapitulating the nonequilibrium, spatially distributed responses of natural membrane-less organelles remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that the activity of nucleic-acid cleaving enzymes can be localised within DNA-based membrane-less compartments by sequestering the respective DNA or RNA substrates. Reaction-diffusion processes lead to complex nonequilibrium patterns, dependent on enzyme concentration. By arresting similar dynamic patterns, we spatially organise different substrates in concentric sub-compartments, which can be then selectively addressed by different enzymes, demonstrating spatial distribution of enzymatic activity. Besides advancing our ability to engineer advanced biomimetic functions in synthetic membrane-less organelles, our results may facilitate the deployment of DNA-based condensates as microbioreactors or platforms for the detection and quantitation of enzymes and nucleic acids.
Establishing a co-culture aggregate of N-cycle bacteria to elucidate flocculation in biological wastewater treatment
Authors: Parret Laurens , Simoens Kenneth , Horemans Benjamin , De Vrieze Jo , Smets Ilse 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBiological flocculation is a complex phenomenon that is often treated as a black box. As a result, flocculation problems are usually remediated without knowledge of the exact causes. We show that it is feasible to exploit a model (N-cycle) consortium with reduced complexity to fundamentally study bioflocculation. Strong nitrifier microcolonies were formed during oxic/anoxic cycles in sequencing batch reactors, using alginate entrapment as a cell retention system. After release of these aggregates into suspension, macroclusters with flocs of the denitrifier were observed. These results suggest that a living model of a full-scale activated sludge floc can be built through the use of this bottom-up approach. By eliminating shifts in the microbial community, the applied experimental conditions have a more direct effect on the observations.
Enhancer-promoter hubs organize transcriptional networks promoting oncogenesis and drug resistance
Authors: Perlman Brent S. , Burget Noah , Zhou Yeqiao , Schwartz Gregory W. , Petrovic Jelena , Modrusan Zora , Faryabi Robert B. 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYRecent advances in high-resolution mapping of spatial interactions among regulatory elements support the existence of complex topological assemblies of enhancers and promoters known as enhancer-promoter hubs or cliques. Yet, organization principles of these multi-interacting enhancer-promoter hubs and their potential role in regulating gene expression in cancer remains unclear. Here, we systematically identified enhancer-promoter hubs in breast cancer, lymphoma, and leukemia. We found that highly interacting enhancer-promoter hubs form at key oncogenes and lineage-associated transcription factors potentially promoting oncogenesis of these diverse cancer types. Genomic and optical mapping of interactions among enhancer and promoter elements further showed that topological alterations in hubs coincide with transcriptional changes underlying acquired resistance to targeted therapy in T cell leukemia and B cell lymphoma. Together, our findings suggest that enhancer-promoter hubs are dynamic and heterogeneous topological assemblies with the potential to control gene expression circuits promoting oncogenesis and drug resistance.
A Biparatopic Intrabody Renders Vero Cells Impervious to Ricin Intoxication
Authors: Czajka Timothy F. , Vance David J. , Song Renji , Mantis Nicholas J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExpression of camelid-derived, single-domain antibodies (VHHs) within the cytoplasm of mammalian cells as “intrabodies” has opened-up novel avenues for medical countermeasures against fast-acting biothreat agents. In this report, we describe a heterodimeric intrabody that renders Vero cells virtually impervious to ricin toxin (RT), a potent Category B ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP). The intrabody consists of two structurally defined VHHs that target distinct epitopes on RT’s enzymatic subunit (RTA): V9E1 targets RTA’s P-stalk recruitment site, and V2A11 targets RTA’s active site. Resistance to RT conferred by the biparatopic VHH construct far exceeded that of either of the VHHs alone and effectively inhibited all measurable RT-induced cytotoxictyin vitro. We propose that targeted delivery of bispecific intrabodies to lung tissues may represent a novel means to shield the airways from the effects of inhalational RT exposure.
Genetic Causes of early onset Ataxia: Experience from the National Sheffield Paediatric Ataxia Centre
Authors: Garrard K , Beauchamps N , Connolly DJA , Secker S , Allen K E , Campbell S , Panayi M , Hadjivassiliou M , Mordekar SR 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEarly onset cerebellar ataxias are sufficiently distinct in aetiology and disease course from adult onset ataxias to warrant independent evaluation. It has long been assumed that complex (multisystem) ataxias are more frequent in the paediatric ataxia population but the proportion of genetic causes and the makeup of this group of patients has not previously been examined in detail.Data from 704 patients from the Sheffield Paediatric Ataxia Centre (SPAC) confirms Friedriech’s ataxia as the most common genetic paediatric ataxia (25%) but this is closely followed byCACNA1Amutations (18.2%). Pick up rate was higher than for adult populations and recessive and dominant conditions were represented in roughly equal proportions. A large proportion of mutations were only found in a single gene and nearly half of the NGS variants identified (46.7%) were variants of unknown significance (VUS). In total 13.8% of this population had a genetic cause confirmed. This demonstrates the utility of large gene panel testing in the paediatric ataxia population and highlights the need for further research and developments into determination of the pathogenicity of genetic variants.In conclusion, simple mendelian genetic diseases are responsible for a significant proportion of cases of chronic ataxia in the paediatric cohort.
Anti-corruption policy and earnings management: do women in monitoring roles matter?
Authors: Ratu Dewi Mustika , Rahajeng Dian Kartika 
Published: July 2024

PurposeThe inadequate enforcement of anti-corruption policies in the private sector in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries is the motivation for this study to investigate how a company’s anti-corruption disclosure (ACD) affects earnings management. Moreover, the underrepresentation of women in supervisory roles makes this aspect of particular interest. Hence, this study highlights the question of whether their participation in audit committees can impact the organization's policies.Design/methodology/approachThis research employs archival methods to examine 30 of the largest non-financial companies from each of the ASEAN-5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines) from 2016 to 2018. Lastly, the authors also utilize a robustness test.FindingsAs expected, the results indicate that the low willingness to disclose anti-corruption activities encourages earnings management practices. This relationship is significantly more potent in firms with fewer women on their audit committees. The findings remain robust after assessing alternative measurements.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study imply that a company’s anti-corruption policies and the role of women in supervisory activity influence rent-seeking behavior. Thus, investors should consider elements that promote transparency in companies. Additionally, regulators must evaluate regulations to promote gender diversity and eradicate corruption by establishing exact policies, providing whistleblowing protection and simplifying indicators for effective disclosure.Originality/valueThe consequences of the anti-corruption policy in the ASEAN-5 countries are relatively under-researched and still focus on a single country. Furthermore, while examining the connection between ACD and earnings management, this study also considered how addressing the supervisory factor is urgent in terms of corporate transparency.
Uncovering the reasons of retraction in virology: a citation and Altmetric investigation
Authors: Malla Rayees Ahmad , Wani Zahid Ashraf 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to delve into the critical examination of retractions in virology to identify the underlying factor that led to the retraction of scientific publications in this specialised domain. Further, this study offers insights into the impact of the retracted publications in the scholarly world vis-à-vis citation and Altmetric indicators.

Design/methodology/approach
The top 100 highly cited retracted articles from virology category were taken from the Web of Science (WoS) database. The Retraction Watch database was used for knowing the reasons for retraction for each retracted publication. The citation and Altmetric score of retracted publications were noted down from WoS and Altmetric.com databases, respectively. Journal Citation Report was used to note down the impact factor of the journals that have published these articles.

Findings
“Misconduct” (57.73%) is the most prevalent reason for the retraction of publications followed by plagiarism (18.55%) and journal issues (14.43%). The retracted papers are cited even after their retraction. Around 70.52% citations were received before and 29.47% after retraction. The highest number of retracted papers was published in the Journal of Virology (14) and Journal of Chemistry (10). High-impact factor journals such as Lancet, Cell and Nature each own one retracted paper. The study found dissemination of these publications through social media platforms with highest social media mentions (394) followed by policy and patents mentions (373) and news and blog mentions (300).

Practical implications
The research delves into understanding the reasons behind the retraction of virology papers and the impact of these publications through citation and Altmetric analyses. Its impactions include bolstering quality control in virology research, maintaining trust in scientific literature. Citation and Altmetric analyses offer deep insights into the broader impact of retracted papers, informing policy and publishing practices to uphold scientific integrity in virology.

Originality/value
This study addresses a specific and crucial aspect of scientific research retractions within the field of virology. While retractions have been studied in broader terms in scientific research, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no such study has been conducted in the scientific field of virology.
The complex emergencies arising from Cawston Park Hospital
Authors: Bunting Vikki 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Three deaths at Cawston Park Hospital shed a bright light on Norfolk’s services for people with learning disabilities and autism, including those operated by the company that ran the hospital. The purpose of this paper is to review Norfolk County Council's current position from the unique aspect of a senior manager wihtin the system.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper reviews the unique perspective of a social worker from within the system.

Findings
The process of making change included engagement and action concerning such thorny challenges as the pressures on community services; the undervaluing of care-giving as a career; and the continuing admissions to specialist mental health services at a time when hospital discharges are being expedited.

Originality/value
Norfolk’s investment in improving its services involves the adoption of a human rights approach; a capital programme to facilitate new developments; nurturing care-giving as a career; and bringing a clearer evidence base to this work programme.