bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Chinese and white Bolton standards at age 13
Authors: Zhao Xiao-Guang , Hans Mark Guenther , Palomo Juan Martin , Lin Jiu-Xiang 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To create a combined male-female Chinese Bolton standard for age 13 and to compare it to the combined Bolton standard for white 13 year olds.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-two Chinese and 32 white subjects (16 adolescent boys and 16 adolescent girls aged 13 years in each ethnic group) who fulfilled the selection criteria used to create the original Bolton standards were enrolled. Their cephalograms were traced and then averaged two at a time following the Bolton method. In addition to creating the template from the 32 subjects in each group, 43 linear and angular variables were measured and compared between the two ethnic groups and between the two sexes in each ethnic group using independent t-tests. A P value of .05 was used to assign statistical significance. The male-female combined templates for 13 year olds were also compared superimposing either in the Bolton relation or by soft tissue.

Results:
No sexual dimorphism was found in the white subjects, whereas the Chinese girls had decreased upper face height (Na-ANS), more protrusive incisors (SNA-U1), and shorter cranial base (Ba-Na) and posterior cranial base (S-Ba) compared with the Chinese boys. In terms of ethnic comparison, the Chinese subjects presented shorter sagittal facial dimensions, a clockwise rotated mandible with a more acute gonial angle, and a convex facial profile with a less prominent nose and chin. However, overall vertical dimensions were similar.

Conclusions:
A 13-year-old combined male-female Chinese Bolton standard was created that demonstrated visually and with metric comparisons that Chinese and white clinically normal subjects have different craniofacial characteristics. These differences should be taken into consideration when an individualized orthodontic treatment plan is developed.
Lecithostaphylus tylosuri sp. nov. (Digenea, Zoogonidae) from the digestive tract of the needlefish Tylosurus acus imperialis (Teleostei, Belonidae)
Authors: Manel Châari , Hela Derbel , Lassâd Neifar 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLecithostaphylus tylosuri sp. nov. (Digenea, Zoogonidae) specimen were collected from the digestive tract of Tylosurus acus imperialis (Teleostei, Belonidae) caught off the eastern coast of Tunisia. L. tylosuri is very similar to its closest relatives, L. retroflexus and L. nitens. It can be easily distinguished from L. retroflexus (Molin, 1859) in having a more extensive vitellarium, with follicles reaching from the posterior margin of the acetabulum and extending beyond the posterior margin of the testes and a coiled seminal vesicle. L. tylosuri differs from L. nitens as illustrated by Linton 1898, in having a longer cirrus pouch (0.7 mm vs 0.36 mm, respectively) overlapping the anterior edge of the ventral sucker and a submarginal genital pore (submedian in L. nitens). It’s also different from L. nitens as described by Manter 1947 in the vitelline disposition and in having the greater sucker ratio (1: 1.3–2.1 vs 1: 1.3–1.6, respectively). L. tylosuri differs from L. nitens as reported by Machida and Kuramochi 2000 by the absence of variations in the vitellarium disposition in all specimens. L. tylosuri is more similar to L. nitens from group A (considered synonym of L. ahaaha Yamaguti, 1970 = L. nitens by Bray 1987) by having vitelline follicles extending beyond the testes. L. tylosuri can be distinguished from L. ahaaha by its pedunculate rather than prominent acetabulum and its larger body size (4.10–7.85 mm long and 0.75–1.2 mm large vs 2.1–6 mm long and 0.45–1.1 mm large, respectively). The prevalence of L. tylosuri sp. nov. was negatively correlated with host length (decreasing with host size increasing). Host sex does not seem to affect infection parameters.
First detection and genotyping of human-associated microsporidia in wild waterfowl of Slovakia
Authors: Malčeková B. , Valenčáková A. , Molnár L. , Kočišová A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA total of 47 avian faecal samples of wild waterfowl (great cormorant — Phalacrocorax carbo, great crested grebe — Podiceps cristatus, white stork — Ciconia ciconia) trapped in the eastern Slovakia were screened for the presence of human pathogenic microsporidia by microscopy and real-time SYBR Green PCR method using species primers and sequenced. Microscopic analysis showed presence in 32 samples (29 cormorants, 3 dippers). Microsporidial DNA (Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype I) was identified in 19 faeces samples (40.4%) namely cormorants in 17 out of 40, one dipper of 5 and a stork out of 2. The present work describes three new host species of the bird population in microsporidium Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype I which confirms the theory of low specificity of this species.
Spatio-temporal characteristics of the sea-ice volume of the Bohai Sea, China, in winter 2009/10
Authors: Liu Chengyu , Gu Wei , Chao Jinlong , Li Lantao , Yuan Shuai , Xu Yingjun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTo investigate the spatio-temporal characteristics of sea-ice resource, we used sea-ice volume to measure the amount of sea-ice resource in the Bohai Sea, China. The sea-ice area was extracted from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) remote-sensing images using the zonal threshold method. The sea-ice thickness was estimated using a sea-ice model based on shortwave radiation theory and field measurements. The spatio-temporal characteristics of sea-ice volume were then analysed using GIS technology. The results indicate that the Bohai Sea experienced two sea-ice volume peaks in winter 2009/10. The largest sea-ice volume was in Liaodong Bay (∼80.26% of the entire sea-ice volume of the Bohai Sea). Bohai Bay had the second largest ice volume, and Laizhou Bay the smallest. The relationship between sea-ice volume and distance from shore is essentially exponential. The proportion of total sea-ice volume that is 0–10 km from shore is ∼42.43%, whereas the proportion that is 100–110 km from shore is only 0.002%.
Suitability of a constant air temperature lapse rate over an Alpine glacier: testing the Greuell and Böhm model as an alternative
Authors: Petersen Lene , Pellicciotti Francesca , Juszak Inge , Carenzo Marco , Brock Ben 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNear-surface air temperature, typically measured at a height of 2 m, is the most important control on the energy exchange and the melt rate at a snow or ice surface. It is distributed in a simplistic manner in most glacier melt models by using constant linear lapse rates, which poorly represent the actual spatial and temporal variability of air temperature. In this paper, we test a simple thermodynamic model proposed by Greuell and Böhm in 1998 as an alternative, using a new dataset of air temperature measurements from along the flowline of Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland. The unmodified model performs little better than assuming a constant linear lapse rate. When modified to allow the ratio of the boundary layer height to the bulk heat transfer coefficient to vary along the flowline, the model matches measured air temperatures better, and a further reduction of the root-mean-square error is obtained, although there is still considerable scope for improvement. The modified model is shown to perform best under conditions favourable to the development of katabatic winds – few clouds, positive ambient air temperature, limited influence of synoptic or valley winds and a long fetch – but its performance is poor under cloudy conditions.
Surface velocity and ice discharge of the ice cap on King George Island, Antarctica
Authors: Osmanoğlu B. , Braun M. , Hock R. , Navarro F.J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGlaciers on King George Island, Antarctica, have shown retreat and surface lowering in recent decades, concurrent with increasing air temperatures. A large portion of the glacier perimeter is ocean-terminating, suggesting possible large mass losses due to calving and submarine melting. Here we estimate the ice discharge into the ocean for the King George Island ice cap. L-band synthetic aperture radar images covering the time-span January 2008 to January 2011 over King George Island are processed using an intensity-tracking algorithm to obtain surface velocity measurements. Pixel offsets from 40 pairs of radar images are analysed and inverted to estimate a weighted average surface velocity field. Ice thicknesses are derived from simple principles of ice flow mechanics using the computed surface velocity fields and in situ thickness data. The maximum ice surface speeds reach >225 m a-1, and the total ice discharge for the analysed flux gates of King George Island is estimated to be 0.720 ± 0.428 Gt a−1, corresponding to a specific mass loss of 0.64 ± 0.38 m w.e. a-1 over the area of the entire ice cap (1127 km2).
High-resolution seismic reflection profiling: an aid for resolving the Pleistocene stratigraphy of a buried valley in central Illinois, USA
Authors: Stumpf Andrew J. , Ismail Ahmed 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHigh-resolution seismic reflection (HRSR) data acquired over the Pesotum Bedrock Valley in central Illinois, USA, helped construct the seismic stratigraphy of a valley fill and the overlying sediments. Integrating these data with drilling and borehole geophysics allowed us to develop a seismo-stratigraphic classification for sediments on undulating and folded bedrock. Seven seismo-stratigraphic units that overlie the bedrock surface were characterized. Seismic units A and B include glacial sediments of multiple Pleistocene glaciations above the Pesotum Bedrock Valley, which completely mask the feature. Seismic units C–F, the valley fill, primarily include tills and glacial lake sediment deposited during the earliest Pleistocene glaciations and preglacial alluvium and colluvium that is draped over in situ weathered bedrock. The preservation of conformable-lying glacial and preglacial deposits and paucity of sand and gravel in the buried valley strongly indicate that little or no incision by glacial meltwaters has occurred. These observations contrast markedly with interpretations from buried valleys elsewhere in North America and northern Europe where valley fills contain significant deposits of sand and gravel in tunnel valleys. The HRSR data assisted the characterization and analysis of heterogeneous sedimentary sequences over a buried valley where existing subsurface information was limited. The extent of Pleistocene-age glacial lakes is inferred from the lateral continuity of silt and clay units.
Les Harkis : un passé sous silence
Authors: Le Du Catherine 
Published: January 2013

Résumé La fin de la guerre d’Algérie entraîna pour les Harkis la rupture brutale avec leur communauté d’origine dans des circonstances rendant difficile la transmission intergénérationnelle, souvent marquée par un silence honteux. Face à des difficultés d’affiliation et de filiation, certains de leurs enfants, dans une démarche active, ont pu faire le « choix toxicomaniaque », incorporation de toxique et recherche du traumatisme pouvant se révéler renarcissisant et restructurant.
Mobilité internationale et construction des identités. Cadres cosmopolites à la frontière de leurs cultures
Authors: Pierre Philippe 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Les stratégies de grandes entreprises mondiales tendent aujourd’hui à reposer sur une forte culture organisationnelle vivifiée par une gestion efficace des mouvements de personnel par delà les frontières. Alors que s’est épanouie en entreprise l’idée de managers cosmopolites partout à leur aise, l’expérience vécue et répétée de la mobilité internationale fait que l’individu mobile peut souvent être en opposition avec ses identifications passées. Nul ne demeure longtemps, en réalité, en situation de mobilité internationale prolongée, sans courir le risque d’une dissociation forte entre univers domestique, communautaire, résidentiel et univers de l’entreprise. Là où le chercheur s’attendait à trouver une élite mondiale homogène, cadres internationaux formant une même « internationale » des cadres, le caractère hétérogène de leurs stratégies de l’identité apporte un démenti au mythe de la grande entreprise comme espace d’assimilation sans retour de ses membres.
Après l'attaque du 11 septembre : paroles et dessins d'enfants Italiens et Français
Authors: Caprioglio Donatella 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Comment les enfants ont-ils vécu les événements du 11 septembre 2001, quelles sont leurs représentations et leurs propositions ? L’objectif de la recherche a été de permettre aux enfants italiens et français d’école maternelle et primaire, à travers la production de deux dessins et de dialogues consécutifs, d’exprimer leurs émotions et de pouvoir imaginer des propositions personnelles dans un moment historique exceptionnel. L’analyse du premier dessin révèle un impact visuel et émotionnel similaire dans les deux pays, tandis que dans le second on remarque une nette différence culturelle dans leurs propositions. Les dialogues mettent en évidence les mêmes peurs profondes d’abandon et de manque d’écoute de la part de leurs parents. La possibilité de participer aux expériences a permis le partage et l’élaboration ultérieure d’un événement perçu d’une manière traumatique.
Les fonds souverains : placement de surplus et source future de recettes publiques
Authors: Boudet Jean-François 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Les fonds souverains sont généralement définis comme des fonds d’investissements étatiques, financées par l’accumulation d’excédents de la balance courante, soit d’exportations de matières premières (fonds du Moyen?Orient, de la Norvège et de la Russie), soit d’une excédent structurel d’épargne nationale (fonds de Singapour), soit encore d’un transfert d’une partie de réserve de change de la Banque centrale (fonds de la Chine). Leur objectif est de faire fructifier ces excédents budgétaires et/ou commerciaux : ils peuvent ainsi placer leur argent dans des actions, dans des obligations (privées ou bons du Trésor), dans l’immobilier, dans l’art ou dans les matières premières. Une lecture juridique permet de les qualifier, par leur organisation et par leur fonctionnement, en tant que fonds publics ; une analyse empirique confirme leur vocation de ressources publiques puisque les fonds souverains sont à la fois gestionnaires et générateurs de telles ressources.
Crise des financements, crise des systèmes fiscaux : une analyse de sociologie financière
Authors: Leroy Marc 
Published: January 2013

Résumé La croissance de la pression fiscale et la globalisation économique poussent les plus gros opérateurs économiques à fuir l’impôt, parfois avec l’aide du législateur. Le système perd de sa légitimité et une « anomie économique » s’installe. Le contrôle institutionnel national ne suffit plus ; et ce alors que les systèmes internationaux de contrôle ou de régulation sont encore défaillants, malgré une recherche continue des nouvelles solutions. Schumpeter a certes énoncé le théorème de la soutenabilité interne du système financier moderne, or ce théorème apparaît de plus en plus menacé dans de nombreux États. Cela pose le problème de sa soutenabilité politique notamment selon un modèle clairement démocratique.
IFN-γ Production by Amyloid β–Specific Th1 Cells Promotes Microglial Activation and Increases Plaque Burden in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Browne Tara C. , McQuillan Keith , McManus Róisín M. , O’Reilly Julie-Ann , Mills Kingston H. G. , Lynch Marina A. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of amyloid-β (Aβ)–containing plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss in the brain. Inflammatory changes, typified by activated microglia, particularly adjacent to Aβ plaques, are also a characteristic of the disease, but it is unclear whether these contribute to the pathogenesis of AD or are a consequence of the progressive neurodegenerative processes. Furthermore, the factors that drive the inflammation and neurodegeneration remain poorly understood. CNS-infiltrating T cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, but their role in the progression of AD is still unclear. In this study, we examined the role of Aβ-specific T cells on Aβ accumulation in transgenic mice that overexpress amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 (APP/PS1). We found significant infiltration of T cells in the brains of APP/PS1 mice, and a proportion of these cells secreted IFN-γ or IL-17. Aβ-specific CD4 T cells generated by immunization with Aβ and a TLR agonist and polarized in vitro to Th1-, Th2-, or IL-17–producing CD4+ T cells, were adoptively transferred to APP/PS1 mice at 6 to 7 mo of age. Assessment of animals 5 wk later revealed that Th1 cells, but not Th2 or IL-17–producing CD4+ T cells, increased microglial activation and Aβ deposition, and that these changes were associated with impaired cognitive function. The effects of Th1 cells were attenuated by treatment of the APP/PS1 mice with an anti–IFN-γ Ab. Our study suggests that release of IFN-γ from infiltrating Th1 cells significantly accelerates markers of diseases in an animal model of AD.
Activation of Invariant NK T Cells in Periodontitis Lesions
Authors: Nowak Michael , Krämer Benjamin , Haupt Manuela , Papapanou Panos N. , Kebschull Justus , Hoffmann Per , Schmidt-Wolf Ingo G. , Jepsen Søren , Brossart Peter , Perner Sven , Kebschull Moritz 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPeriodontitis is one of the most prevalent human inflammatory diseases. The major clinical phenotypes of this polymicrobial, biofilm-mediated disease are chronic and aggressive periodontitis, the latter being characterized by a rapid course of destruction that is generally attributed to an altered immune-inflammatory response against periodontal pathogens. Still, the biological basis for the pathophysiological distinction of the two disease categories has not been well documented yet. Type I NKT cells are a lymphocyte subset with important roles in regulating immune responses to either tolerance or immunity, including immune responses against bacterial pathogens. In this study, we delineate the mechanisms of NKT cell activation in periodontal infections. We show an infiltration of type I NKT cells in aggressive, but not chronic, periodontitis lesions in vivo. Murine dendritic cells infected with aggressive periodontitis-associated Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans triggered a type I IFN response followed by type I NKT cell activation. In contrast, infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis, a principal pathogen in chronic periodontitis, did not induce NKT cell activation. This difference could be explained by the absence of a type I IFN response to P. gingivalis infection. We found these IFNs to be critical for NKT cell activation. Our study provides a conceivable biological distinction between the two periodontitis subforms and identifies factors required for the activation of the immune system in response to periodontal bacteria.
Constitutive Lymphocyte Transmigration across the Basal Lamina of High Endothelial Venules Is Regulated by the Autotaxin/Lysophosphatidic Acid Axis
Authors: Bai Zhongbin , Cai Linjun , Umemoto Eiji , Takeda Akira , Tohya Kazuo , Komai Yutaka , Veeraveedu Punniyakoti Thanikachalam , Hata Erina , Sugiura Yuki , Kubo Akiko , Suematsu Makoto , Hayasaka Haruko , Okudaira Shinichi , Aoki Junken , Tanaka Toshiyuki , Albers Harald M. H. G. , Ovaa Huib , Miyasaka Masayuki 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Lymphocyte extravasation from the high endothelial venules (HEVs) of lymph nodes is crucial for the maintenance of immune homeostasis, but its molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. In this article, we report that lymphocyte transmigration across the basal lamina of the HEVs is regulated, at least in part, by autotaxin (ATX) and its end-product, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). ATX is an HEV-associated ectoenzyme that produces LPA from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), which is abundant in the systemic circulation. In agreement with selective expression of ATX in HEVs, LPA was constitutively and specifically detected on HEVs. In vivo, inhibition of ATX impaired the lymphocyte extravasation from HEVs, inducing lymphocyte accumulation within the endothelial cells (ECs) and sub-EC compartment; this impairment was abrogated by LPA. In vitro, both LPA and LPC induced a marked increase in the motility of HEV ECs; LPC’s effect was abrogated by ATX inhibition, whereas LPA’s effect was abrogated by ATX/LPA receptor inhibition. In an in vitro transmigration assay, ATX inhibition impaired the release of lymphocytes that had migrated underneath HEV ECs, and these defects were abrogated by LPA. This effect of LPA was dependent on myosin II activity in the HEV ECs. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that HEV-associated ATX generates LPA locally; LPA, in turn, acts on HEV ECs to increase their motility, promoting dynamic lymphocyte–HEV interactions and subsequent lymphocyte transmigration across the basal lamina of HEVs at steady state.
A Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Transgene with PolymorphicCd72Inhibits the Development of Glomerulonephritis and Vasculitis in MRL-FaslprLupus Mice
Authors: Oishi Hisashi , Tsubaki Takahito , Miyazaki Tatsuhiko , Ono Masao , Nose Masato , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus is considered to be under the control of polygenic inheritance, developing according to the cumulative effects of susceptibility genes with polymorphic alleles; however, the mechanisms underlying the roles of polygenes based on functional and pathological genomics remain uncharacterized. In this study, we substantiate that a CD72 polymorphism in the membrane-distal extracellular domain impacts on both the development of glomerulonephritis and vasculitis in a lupus model strain of mice, MRL/MpJ-Faslpr, and the reactivity of BCR signal stimulation. We generated mice carrying a bacterial artificial chromosome transgene originating from C57BL/6 (B6) mice that contains the Cd72b locus (Cd72B6 transgenic [tg]) or the modified Cd72b locus with an MRL-derived Cd72c allele at the polymorphic region corresponding to the membrane-distal extracellular domain (Cd72B6/MRL tg). Cd72B6 tg mice, but not Cd72B6/MRL tg mice, showed a significant reduction in mortality following a marked improvement of disease associated with decreased serum levels of IgG3 and anti-dsDNA Abs. The number of splenic CD4−CD8− T cells in Cd72B6 tg mice was decreased significantly in association with a reduced response to B cell receptor signaling. These results indicate that the Cd72 polymorphism affects susceptibility to lupus phenotypes and that novel functional rescue by a bacterial artificial chromosome transgenesis is an efficient approach with wide applications for conducting a genomic analysis of polygene diseases.