bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of airflow and microclimate for the running wear jacket with slits using CFD simulation
Authors: Lim Jihye , Choi Hyunyoung , Roh Eui Kyung , Yoo Hwasook , Kim Eunae 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study was performed to estimate the exchange of air (ventilation) and temperature distribution in the cylinder that simulated human body. Simulation simplified the human body wearing the running wear jacket with slits. Slits were positioned at the shoulder, mid-back and lower-back. For the running wear jacket, non-air permeable material was assumed to eliminate the effect of porosity of the fabrics. Airflow and microclimate temperature were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results showed that the air tended to rise and drift towards the slits. Air flown out through the slits was in the order of the lower-back slit > mid-back slit > shoulder slit. Discrepancy in the air flow rate at each slit was caused by the generation of ascending air currents according to slit positions. The direction of the air current depended on the microclimate temperature inside the jacket. These results indicate that the lower-back slit gives better air exchange effect which was in agreement with the clothing microclimate observed by human wear tests.
Mammography Rates 3 Years After the 2009 US Preventive Services Task Force Guidelines Changes
Authors: Wharam J. Frank , Landon Bruce , Zhang Fang , Xu Xin , Soumerai Stephen , Ross-Degnan Dennis 
Published: February 2015

PurposeIn November 2009, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) changed its mammography recommendations from every 1 to 2 years among women age ≥ 40 years to personalized screening decisions for women age 40 to 49 years and screening every 2 years for women age 50 to 74 years.MethodsWe studied mammography trends among 5.5 million women age 40 to 64 years enrolled in a large national health insurer. We used 2005 to 2009 mammography trends to predict 2012 rates. Our primary measure was the estimated difference between observed and predicted 2012 annual and biennial mammography rates. We stratified results by age group and race/ethnicity.ResultsAmong women age 40 to 49 years, 2012 mammography rates declined by 9.9% (95% CI, −10.4% to −9.3%) relative to the predicted 2012 rate. Decreases were lowest among black women (−2.3%; 95% CI, −6.3% to 1.8%) and highest among Asian women (−17.4; 95% CI, −20.0 to −14.8). Annual mammography rates among women age 50 to 64 years declined by 6.1% (95% CI, −6.5% to −5.7%) by 2012. Regarding biennial mammography rates, women age 40 to 49 years experienced a 9.0% relative reduction (95% CI, −9.6% to −8.4%). White, Hispanic, and Asian women age 40 to 49 years demonstrated similar relative reductions of approximately 9% to 11%, whereas black women had no detectable changes (0.1%; 95% CI, −4.0% to 4.3%). Women age 50 to 64 years had a 6.2% relative reduction (95% CI, −6.6% to −5.7%) in biennial mammography that was similar among white, Hispanic, and Asian women. Black women age 50 to 64 years did not have changes in biennial mammography (0.4%; 95% CI, −2.6% to 3.5%).ConclusionThree years after publication of the 2009 USPSTF guidelines, mammography rates declined by 6% to 17% among white, Hispanic, and Asian women but not among black women. Small reductions in biennial mammography might be an unintended consequence of the updated guidelines.
Human Papillomavirus Antibodies and Future Risk of Anogenital Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition Study
Authors: Kreimer Aimée R. , Brennan Paul , Lang Kuhs Krystle A. , Waterboer Tim , Clifford Gary , Franceschi Silvia , Michel Angelika , Willhauck-Fleckenstein Martina , Riboli Elio , Castellsagué Xavier , Hildesheim Allan , Fortner Renée Turzanski , Kaaks Rudolf , Palli Domenico , Ljuslinder Ingrid , Panico Salvatore , Clavel-Chapelon Françoise , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Mesrine Sylvie , Trichopoulou Antonia , Lagiou Pagona , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Peeters Petra H. , Cross Amanda J. , Bueno-de-Mesquita H. Bas , Vineis Paolo , Larrañaga Nerea , Pala Valeria , Sánchez María-José , Navarro Carmen , Barricarte Aurelio , Tumino Rosario , Khaw Kay-Tee , Wareham Nicholas , Boeing Heiner , Steffen Annika , Travis Ruth C. , Quirós J. Ramón , Weiderpass Elisabete , Pawlita Michael , Johansson Mattias 
Published: February 2015

Purpose Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 (HPV16) causes cancer at several anatomic sites. In the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition study, HPV16 E6 seropositivity was present more than 10 years before oropharyngeal cancer diagnosis and was nearly absent in controls. The current study sought to evaluate the extent to which HPV16 E6 antibodies are present before diagnosis of anogenital cancers within the same cohort. Methods Four hundred incident anogenital cancers (273 cervical, 24 anal, 67 vulvar, 12 vaginal, and 24 penile cancers) with prediagnostic blood samples (collected on average 3 and 8 years before diagnosis for cervix and noncervix cancers, respectively) and 718 matched controls were included. Plasma was analyzed for antibodies against HPV16 E6 and multiple other HPV proteins and genotypes and evaluated in relation to risk using unconditional logistic regression. Results HPV16 E6 seropositivity was present in 29.2% of individuals (seven of 24 individuals) who later developed anal cancer compared with 0.6% of controls (four of 718 controls) who remained cancer free (odds ratio [OR], 75.9; 95% CI, 17.9 to 321). HPV16 E6 seropositivity was less common for cancers of the cervix (3.3%), vagina (8.3%), vulva (1.5%), and penis (8.3%). No associations were seen for non–type 16 HPV E6 antibodies, apart from anti-HPV58 E6 and anal cancer (OR, 6.8; 95% CI, 1.4 to 33.1). HPV16 E6 seropositivity tended to increase in blood samples drawn closer in time to cancer diagnosis. Conclusion HPV16 E6 seropositivity is relatively common before diagnosis of anal cancer but rare for other HPV-related anogenital cancers.
Molecular Profiling and Targeted Therapy for Advanced Thoracic Malignancies: A Biomarker-Derived, Multiarm, Multihistology Phase II Basket Trial
Authors: Lopez-Chavez Ariel , Thomas Anish , Rajan Arun , Raffeld Mark , Morrow Betsy , Kelly Ronan , Carter Corey Allan , Guha Udayan , Killian Keith , Lau Christopher C. , Abdullaev Zied , Xi Liqiang , Pack Svetlana , Meltzer Paul S. , Corless Christopher L. , Sandler Alan , Beadling Carol , Warrick Andrea , Liewehr David J. , Steinberg Seth M. , Berman Arlene , Doyle Austin , Szabo Eva , Wang Yisong , Giaccone Giuseppe 
Published: February 2015

Purpose We conducted a basket clinical trial to assess the feasibility of such a design strategy and to independently evaluate the effects of multiple targeted agents against specific molecular aberrations in multiple histologic subtypes concurrently. Patients and Methods We enrolled patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small-cell lung cancer, and thymic malignancies who underwent genomic characterization of oncogenic drivers. Patients were enrolled onto a not-otherwise-specified arm and treated with standard-of-care therapies or one of the following five biomarker-matched treatment groups: erlotinib for EGFR mutations; selumetinib for KRAS, NRAS, HRAS, or BRAF mutations; MK2206 for PIK3CA, AKT, or PTEN mutations; lapatinib for ERBB2 mutations or amplifications; and sunitinib for KIT or PDGFRA mutations or amplification. Results Six hundred forty-seven patients were enrolled, and 88% had their tumors tested for at least one gene. EGFR mutation frequency was 22.1% in NSCLC, and erlotinib achieved a response rate of 60% (95% CI, 32.3% to 83.7%). KRAS mutation frequency was 24.9% in NSCLC, and selumetinib failed to achieve its primary end point, with a response rate of 11% (95% CI, 0% to 48%). Completion of accrual to all other arms was not feasible. In NSCLC, patients with EGFR mutations had the longest median survival (3.51 years; 95% CI, 2.89 to 5.5 years), followed by those with ALK rearrangements (2.94 years; 95% CI, 1.66 to 4.61 years), those with KRAS mutations (2.3 years; 95% CI, 2.3 to 2.17 years), those with other genetic abnormalities (2.17 years; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.74 years), and those without an actionable mutation (1.85 years; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.13 years). Conclusion This basket trial design was not feasible for many of the arms with rare mutations, but it allowed the study of the genetics of less common malignancies.
Crizotinib Therapy for Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma and a ROS1 Rearrangement: Results From the EUROS1 Cohort
Authors: Mazières Julien , Zalcman Gérard , Crinò Lucio , Biondani Pamela , Barlesi Fabrice , Filleron Thomas , Dingemans Anne-Marie C. , Léna Hervé , Monnet Isabelle , Rothschild Sacha I. , Cappuzzo Federico , Besse Benjamin , Thiberville Luc , Rouvière Damien , Dziadziuszko Rafal , Smit Egbert F. , Wolf Jurgen , Spirig Christian , Pecuchet Nicolas , Leenders Frauke , Heuckmann Johannes M. , Diebold Joachim , Milia Julie D. , Thomas Roman K. , Gautschi Oliver 
Published: February 2015

Purpose Approximately 1% of lung adenocarcinomas are driven by oncogenic ROS1 rearrangement. Crizotinib is a potent inhibitor of both ROS1 and ALK kinase domains. Patients and Methods In the absence of a prospective clinical trial in Europe, we conducted a retrospective study in centers that tested for ROS1 rearrangement. Eligible patients had stage IV lung adenocarcinoma, had ROS1 rearrangement according to fluorescent in situ hybridization, and had received crizotinib therapy through an individual off-label use. Best response was assessed locally using RECIST (version 1.1). All other data were analyzed centrally. Results We identified 32 eligible patients. One patient was excluded because next-generation sequencing was negative for ROS1 fusion. Median age was 50.5 years, 64.5% of patients were women, and 67.7% were never-smokers. Thirty patients were evaluable for progression-free survival (PFS), and 29 patients were evaluable for best response. We observed four patients with disease progression, two patients with stable disease, and objective response in 24 patients, including five complete responses (overall response rate, 80%; disease control rate, 86.7%). Median PFS was 9.1 months, and the PFS rate at 12 months was 44%. No unexpected adverse effects were observed. Twenty-six patients received pemetrexed (either alone or in combination with platinum and either before or after crizotinib) and had a response rate of 57.7% and a median PFS of 7.2 months. Conclusion Crizotinib was highly active at treating lung cancer in patients with a ROS1 rearrangement, suggesting that patients with lung adenocarcinomas should be tested for ROS1. Prospective clinical trials with crizotinib and other ROS1 inhibitors are ongoing or planned.
BRAF Mutation and CDKN2A Deletion Define a Clinically Distinct Subgroup of Childhood Secondary High-Grade Glioma
Authors: Mistry Matthew , Zhukova Nataliya , Merico Daniele , Rakopoulos Patricia , Krishnatry Rahul , Shago Mary , Stavropoulos James , Alon Noa , Pole Jason D. , Ray Peter N. , Navickiene Vilma , Mangerel Joshua , Remke Marc , Buczkowicz Pawel , Ramaswamy Vijay , Guerreiro Stucklin Ana , Li Martin , Young Edwin J. , Zhang Cindy , Castelo-Branco Pedro , Bakry Doua , Laughlin Suzanne , Shlien Adam , Chan Jennifer , Ligon Keith L. , Rutka James T. , Dirks Peter B. , Taylor Michael D. , Greenberg Mark , Malkin David , Huang Annie , Bouffet Eric , Hawkins Cynthia E. , Tabori Uri 
Published: February 2015

Purpose To uncover the genetic events leading to transformation of pediatric low-grade glioma (PLGG) to secondary high-grade glioma (sHGG). Patients and Methods We retrospectively identified patients with sHGG from a population-based cohort of 886 patients with PLGG with long clinical follow-up. Exome sequencing and array CGH were performed on available samples followed by detailed genetic analysis of the entire sHGG cohort. Clinical and outcome data of genetically distinct subgroups were obtained. Results sHGG was observed in 2.9% of PLGGs (26 of 886 patients). Patients with sHGG had a high frequency of nonsilent somatic mutations compared with patients with primary pediatric high-grade glioma (HGG; median, 25 mutations per exome; P = .0042). Alterations in chromatin-modifying genes and telomere-maintenance pathways were commonly observed, whereas no sHGG harbored the BRAF-KIAA1549 fusion. The most recurrent alterations were BRAF V600E and CDKN2A deletion in 39% and 57% of sHGGs, respectively. Importantly, all BRAF V600E and 80% of CDKN2A alterations could be traced back to their PLGG counterparts. BRAF V600E distinguished sHGG from primary HGG (P = .0023), whereas BRAF and CDKN2A alterations were less commonly observed in PLGG that did not transform (P < .001 and P < .001 respectively). PLGGs with BRAF mutations had longer latency to transformation than wild-type PLGG (median, 6.65 years [range, 3.5 to 20.3 years] v 1.59 years [range, 0.32 to 15.9 years], respectively; P = .0389). Furthermore, 5-year overall survival was 75% ± 15% and 29% ± 12% for children with BRAF mutant and wild-type tumors, respectively (P = .024). Conclusion BRAF V600E mutations and CDKN2A deletions constitute a clinically distinct subtype of sHGG. The prolonged course to transformation for BRAF V600E PLGGs provides an opportunity for surgical interventions, surveillance, and targeted therapies to mitigate the outcome of sHGG.
Significant Reduction of Late Toxicities in Patients With Extremity Sarcoma Treated With Image-Guided Radiation Therapy to a Reduced Target Volume: Results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group RTOG-0630 Trial
Authors: Wang Dian , Zhang Qiang , Eisenberg Burton L. , Kane John M. , Li X. Allen , Lucas David , Petersen Ivy A. , DeLaney Thomas F. , Freeman Carolyn R. , Finkelstein Steven E. , Hitchcock Ying J. , Bedi Manpreet , Singh Anurag K. , Dundas George , Kirsch David G. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose We performed a multi-institutional prospective phase II trial to assess late toxicities in patients with extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS) treated with preoperative image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) to a reduced target volume. Patients and Methods Patients with extremity STS received IGRT with (cohort A) or without (cohort B) chemotherapy followed by limb-sparing resection. Daily pretreatment images were coregistered with digitally reconstructed radiographs so that the patient position could be adjusted before each treatment. All patients received IGRT to reduced tumor volumes according to strict protocol guidelines. Late toxicities were assessed at 2 years. Results In all, 98 patients were accrued (cohort A, 12; cohort B, 86). Cohort A was closed prematurely because of poor accrual and is not reported. Seventy-nine eligible patients from cohort B form the basis of this report. At a median follow-up of 3.6 years, five patients did not have surgery because of disease progression. There were five local treatment failures, all of which were in field. Of the 57 patients assessed for late toxicities at 2 years, 10.5% experienced at least one grade ≥ 2 toxicity as compared with 37% of patients in the National Cancer Institute of Canada SR2 (CAN-NCIC-SR2: Phase III Randomized Study of Pre- vs Postoperative Radiotherapy in Curable Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcoma) trial receiving preoperative radiation therapy without IGRT (P < .001). Conclusion The significant reduction of late toxicities in patients with extremity STS who were treated with preoperative IGRT and absence of marginal-field recurrences suggest that the target volumes used in the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group RTOG-0630 (A Phase II Trial of Image-Guided Preoperative Radiotherapy for Primary Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Extremity) study are appropriate for preoperative IGRT for extremity STS.
Developing a wintering waterfowl community baseline for environmental monitoring of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island
Authors: Kreakie Betty J. , Winiarski Kristopher , McKinney Richard 
Published: February 2015

In 2004, the Atlantic Ecology Division of the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Research and Development began an annual winter waterfowl survey of Rhode Island’s Narragansett Bay. Herein, we explore the survey data gathered from 2004 to 2011 in order to establish a benchmark understanding of the Narragansett Bay’s waterfowl communities and to establish a statistical framework for future environmental monitoring. Abundance and diversity of Narragansett Bay’s wintering waterfowl were relatively stable during the initial years of this survey, except in 2010 when there was a large spike in abundance and a reciprocal fall in diversity. There was no significant change in ranked abundance of most waterfowl species, with only Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) and Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucllatus) showing a slight yet significant upward trend during the course of our survey period. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling was used to examine the community structure of wintering waterfowl in Narragansett Bay. The results of the Nonmetric multidimensional scaling indicate that there is a spatial structure to the waterfowl communities of Narragansett Bay and this structure has remained relatively stable since the survey began. Our Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis helps to solidify what is known anecdotally about Narragansett Bay’s waterfowl ecology, and provides a formalized benchmark for long-term monitoring of Narragansett Bay’s waterfowl communities. Birds, including waterfowl, are preferred bioindicators and we propose using our multivariate approach to monitor the future health of Narragansett Bay.
Transnationalism and transculturalism as seen in Congolese music videograms
Authors: Tsambu Léon 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This study focuses on Congolese music videograms that are considered here as transnational and transcultural products with respect to the pathway they take through the production process, but also with respect to the interference within this process of patrons and sponsors who, in search of symbolic or economic power, show up unannounced in the content of these musical works (software) and/or the packaging of them as products (hardware). Although these works are made up of local ideas, they end up paraphrasing and re-mediatizing globalized scenarios such as an advertisement for Dior’s J’adore perfume, which appears on TV and on the Internet. In addition, certain video clips and music videos appear as advertising slots for the group of high-living bon vivant Congolese immigrants to Europe known as mikilistes, or the high fashion group known as sapeurs. The album covers and the content promote diamond merchants or cottage industries (small shops, hair salons and transport companies) that help immigrants to get by. Furthermore, these music videograms are very often produced in Europe, and yet they end up validating both a cultural melting pot and a symbolic gap by joining the rhetoric of local texts to the globalized rhetoric of the background scenery.
‘Underground’ rap performance, informality and cultural production in Dar es Salaam
Authors: Kerr David 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Hip hop is part of a global economy of music, images and signs. Since the 1990s, hip hop has become an increasingly mainstream part of the African musical landscape. In Tanzania, as hip hop has become progressively more popular, the practice of rapping has also become more widespread. In recent years, Dar es Salaam has seen a growth in andagraundi or ‘underground’ rappers. It is, in part, through the consumption of transnational styles and signs that underground rappers are able to fashion themselves. Through popular cultural practice, rappers embody the transnational persona of a rapper. These transnational ideas and symbols are, however, imbued with meanings embedded in local discourses. The distinction frequently made between the local and the global is collapsed by the rappers as they come to embody the local in the global and vice versa.
Media and mobility in South African House music
Authors: Simmert Tom 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This article addresses the process of cultural globalization by examining local variations of a global music genre. It provides a case study of a South African House music scene, located in Johannesburg’s eastern outskirts and examines the role of mobility, digital media and technology as key factors for the development of this local scene. The article argues that various aspects of cultural production and performance within this scene are shaped by its transnational background and continuous remediation. It therefore focuses on the mobility of some particular agents and the digitalization of music production technology, showing their impact on the development of South African House music.
Study on Control of Inclusion Compositions in Tire Cord Steel by Low Basicity Top Slag
Authors: Xin Cai-ping , Yue Feng , Jiang Chen-xu , Wu Qi-fan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTop slag melting experiment was conducted in a silicon molybdenum furnace with tire cord steel billet. The influence of top slag composition on the plasticity of CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO inclusion and inclusion plasticization conditions was calculated by thermodynamic software FactSage. Use the thermodynamic calculation to guide the laboratory experiments to study slag compositions influence inclusions composition. Then industrial experiments were conducted based on the theoretical calculation and results of laboratory experiments. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to determine the morphology and composition of inclusions in steel. All studies show that in the CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–10% MgO diagram, when CaO = 8–48%, SiO2 = 35–75%, Al2O3 = 0–32%, inclusions are in the plastic area. When basicity of top slag is certain, Al2O3 content in inclusions increases with the increase of Al2O3 content in the slag, and the distribution of inclusions becomes scattered with the increase of Al2O3 content in slag. Inclusion plasticization can be achieved when the binary basicities of top slag are 0.6, 0.8–1.2, 1.4 and corresponding w(Al2O3)s are 2–15%, 2–10%, <2%. According to industrial experimental results, when top slag basicity decreases from 1.5 to 0.67–0.9 and Al2O3 content decreases below 10 wt%, the inclusion falls into plastic area. It is feasible in practice to control the CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO inclusions plastic through adjusting Al2O3 content in slag.
Conditional Transformation Models for Survivor Function Estimation
Authors: Möst Lisa , Hothorn Torsten 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn survival analysis, the estimation of patient-specific survivor functions that are conditional on a set of patient characteristics is of special interest. In general, knowledge of the conditional survival probabilities of a patient at all relevant time points allows better assessment of the patient’s risk than summary statistics, such as median survival time. Nevertheless, standard methods for analysing survival data seldom estimate the survivor function directly. Therefore, we propose the application of conditional transformation models (CTMs) for the estimation of the conditional distribution function of survival times given a set of patient characteristics. We used the inverse probability of censoring weighting approach to account for right-censored observations. Our proposed modelling approach allows the prediction of patient-specific survivor functions. In addition, CTMs constitute a flexible model class that is able to deal with proportional as well as non-proportional hazards. The well-known Cox model is included in the class of CTMs as a special case. We investigated the performance of CTMs in survival data analysis in a simulation that included proportional and non-proportional hazard settings and different scenarios of explanatory variables. Furthermore, we re-analysed the survival times of patients suffering from chronic myelogenous leukaemia and studied the impact of the proportional hazards assumption on previously published results.