bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudomonas aeruginosainfection increases palmitoyl carnitine release by host-derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Ayilam Ramachandran Rajalakshmy , Baniasadi Hamid , Robertson Danielle M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa(PA), an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen, is the most common pathogen identified in all culture positive cases of infectious keratitis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by most cells in the body and function in intercellular communication. We have previously reported a change in the proteome of host-derived EVs from corneal epithelial cells during PA infection. In the present study, we investigated changes in the metabolome of host-derived EVs from PA infected (PA-C EVs) and non-infected cells (C EVs). We found that one metabolite, palmitoyl carnitine (PAMC), was significantly upregulated in PA-C EVs. To determine the significance of PAMC release, we investigated the effect of PAMC treatment on corneal epithelial cells and neutrophils. EVs were isolated from culture media using size exclusion chromatography. EVs were then characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and western blot. Metabolomics was performed using an untargeted approach. We found that palmitoyl carnitine (PAMC) was the most abundant metabolite present in PA-C EVs and was increased more than 3 fold compared to C EVs. Treatment of corneal epithelial cells with increasing levels of PAMC increased nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65. This was associated with an increase in IL-8 production and neutrophil migration. PAMC also increased levels of mitochondrial calcium. Upon inoculation of corneal epithelial cells with PA, 50 μM PAMC completely eradicated intracellular PA, but stimulated growth of extracellular PA. Taken together, these findings suggest that PA exploits EV release by host cells to deplete PAMC from the intracellular environment.
Who’s afraid of AI? socio-technological perspectives on artificial intelligence in the workforce: an Israeli case study
Authors: Vasiliu Vlad , Yavetz Gal 
Published: July 2024

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the perception and acceptance of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies among the Israeli workforce. More specifically, it examined how age, income, and education level are related to employees’ fears of being replaced by AI technologies and their willingness to adopt these technologies in their personal and professional lives.Design/methodology/approachData were collected by surveying 502 adults from the Jewish population of Israel in February 2023 via an Internet panel. Stratified sampling was performed to ensure a representative cross-section of the population.FindingsContrary to the expectations from a technologically advanced society, the findings indicated varied levels of enthusiasm and apprehension. Age was found to be negatively correlated with the fear of being replaced by AI technologies and the willingness to adopt these technologies. Income was negatively correlated with the fear of being replaced by AI technologies. Education level was negatively correlated with the fear of being replaced and positively correlated with the willingness to adopt.Practical implicationsThe findings provide valuable guidance for policymakers, educators, and business leaders in shaping AI integration strategies. They emphasize the need for targeted educational and policy initiatives to bridge the gap in AI readiness.Originality/valueThis study offers unique insights into the perceptions toward AI in a leading technological hub, contributing to the understanding of how advanced societies are adapting to rapid AI integration.
Functional heterogeneity in digital entrepreneurial teams and pivoting: the role of digital agility
Authors: Jiao Yishuo , Zhu Renhong , Fu Jialiang , Li Xiaowei , Wang Yichao 
Published: July 2024

PurposeThe rapid development of digital technologies drives digital entrepreneurs to pivot, a behavior that allows entrepreneurs to adjust original opportunities and explore new opportunities. This study aims to investigate the effect of the structural characteristics of digital entrepreneurial teams, the functional heterogeneity, on pivoting from the perspective of digital agility. Moreover, this study also examines the moderating effect of knowledge sharing.Design/methodology/approachTwo-phase survey data were sourced from Chinese digital entrepreneurial teams through the entrepreneurial networks of MBA programs of a Chinese business school and entrepreneurial support organizations in China. The sample of 272 teams with 708 entrepreneurs was collected to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe functional heterogeneity of digital entrepreneurial teams, including industry background heterogeneity and occupational experience heterogeneity, positively impacts pivoting by providing heterogeneous knowledge and resources. Moreover, this relationship is mediated by the digital agility of the digital team, and knowledge sharing moderates the relationship between functional heterogeneity and digital agility.Originality/valueWhile existing studies have mainly focused on the external factors, this study empirically investigates the team-level internal factors of digital pivoting in digital entrepreneurial teams, enriching the research perspective of pivoting. Moreover, the current study bridges the literature on digital agility with pivoting, broadening the theoretical mechanism of pivoting and expanding the theoretical boundaries of digital agility.
Smallholder farmers’ vulnerability to climate change in northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Likinaw Aimro , Alemayehu Arragaw , Bewket Woldeamlak 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climate change in northwest Ethiopia.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve this aim, data was collected from a survey of 352 households, which were stratified into three groups: Lay Gayint (138 or 39%), Tach Gayint (117 or 33%) and Simada district (97 or 28%). To gain a deeper understanding of the vulnerability of these households, two approaches were used: the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI), consisting of 32 indicators, and the socioeconomic vulnerability index (SeVI), containing 31 indicators. Furthermore, qualitative data was obtained through focus group discussions conducted in six randomly chosen groups from the three districts, which were used to supplement the findings.

Findings
Both methods indicate that Simada is the most vulnerable district, followed by Tach Gayint and Lay Gayint. According to the SeVI approach, Simada district showed the highest level of sensitivity and exposure to climate-related hazards, as well as the lowest score for adaptive capacity. However, using the LVI approach, Simada district was found to have the highest sensitivity to climate effects and exposure to climate-related hazards, along with a higher adaptive capacity than both Lay Gayint and Tach Gayint districts.

Originality/value
Although there are numerous studies available on the vulnerability of farmers to climate change, this particular study stands out by using and contrasting two approaches – the LVI and the SeVI – to assess the vulnerability of households in the study area. Previous research has indicated that no single approach is sufficient to evaluate climate change vulnerability, as each approach has its own strengths and limitations. The findings of this study have significant implications for policymakers and development practitioners, as they can use the results to identify the households that are most vulnerable to climate change. This will enable them to design adaptation options that are tailored to the specific needs of each community and that will effectively address the risks of current and future climate change.
The informational effect of pay for individual performance on intrinsic motivation
Authors: Vilaça Cristiana Rodrigues , Proença Teresa , Carozzo-Todaro Mauro 
Published: July 2024

PurposeThis research aims to test the role of the informational effect (IE) on the relationship between pay for individual performance (PFIP) and intrinsic motivation (IM). Special attention is also given to how the supervisor’s positive (PF) and negative feedback (NF) influence workers' perceptions of the informational content of PFIP.Design/methodology/approachWe used a two-wave online survey among workers covered by a PFIP system and collected a total of 472 answers. To test our hypotheses, we adopted SPSS PROCESS macro Model 9.FindingsThe results suggest that IE fully mediates the positive impact of PFIP on IM, with this effect diminishing in the presence of NF, while PF shows no significant influence.Practical implicationsOrganizations should invest in the development of mechanisms to mitigate perceptions of rewards as behaviour control mechanisms. Instead, PFIP should be perceived as a means to gain valuable insights into performance.Originality/valueBy using a research design allowing external validity in opposition to the widely used experimental one, we contribute to the debate about the relationship between extrinsic rewards and IM. Theoretical and practical implications in the workplace are also discussed.
Artificial intelligence and work transformations: integrating sensemaking and workplace learning perspectives
Authors: Engström Annika , Pittino Daniel , Mohlin Alice , Johansson Anette , Edh Mirzaei Nina 
Published: July 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the process of initial sensemaking that organizational members activate when they reflect on AI adoption in their work settings, and how the perceived features of AI technologies trigger sensemaking processes which in turn have the potential to influence workplace learning modes and trajectories.Design/methodology/approachWe adopted an explorative qualitative and interactive approach to capture free fantasies and imaginative ideas of AI among people within the industry. We adopt a conceptual perspective that combines theories on initial sensemaking and workplace learning as a theoretical lens to analyze data collected during 23 focus groups held at four large Swedish manufacturing companies. The data were analyzed using the Gioia method.FindingsTwo aggregated dimensions were defined and led to the development of an integrated conceptualization of the initial sensemaking of AI technology adoption. Specifically, sensemaking triggered by abstract features of AI technology mainly pointed to an exploitative learning path. Sensemaking triggered by concrete features of the technology mainly pointed to explorative paths, where socio-technical processes appear to be crucial in the process of AI adoption.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies that attempts to explore and conceptualize how organizations make sense of prospective workplace learning in the context of AI adoption.
The effects of macroprudential policies in the Brazilian banking sector
Authors: Moscareli Lúcio Guimarães , Tessmann Mathias Schneid , Beppler Lucas Souza , Ely Régis Augusto 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the effects of macroprudential policies in Brazil on the banking sector.

Design/methodology/approach
Autoregressive models with distributed lags (ADL) are estimated to verify whether such regulatory measures affected the volume of credit, the banking spread and the concentration index of the five largest Brazilian banks. In addition to the variables of interest, monthly macroeconomic data from 2011 to 2021 are considered.

Findings
Our results suggest that macroprudential policies are effective in reducing credit volume. More importantly, our findings highlight two possible adverse effects of these instruments. Firstly, macroprudential tightenings are associated with increases in bank spread. Secondly, tightening measures contribute to increasing bank market concentration.

Originality/value
These findings are useful for the scientific literature that investigates the regulation of the financial system by providing empirical evidence of the effects of Brazilian macroprudential measures on investors, policymakers and other economic agents whose well-being is associated with economic stability.
Mental health and meaning: a positive autoethnographic case study of Paul Wong
Authors: Wong Paul T.P. , Gonot-Schoupinsky Freda 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to meet Professor Paul T.P. Wong, PhD, CPscyh, who is based at the Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada. Wong represents an interesting case of how a racial/cultural minority could achieve success in a hostile environment consisting of the systemic biases of injustice, discrimination and marginalization. His life also epitomizes how one can experience the paradoxical truth of healing and flourishing in an upside-down world through the positive suffering mindset (PSM).

Design/methodology/approach
This case study is presented in two sections: a positive autoethnography written by Wong, followed by his answers to ten questions. The core methodology of positive autoethnography allows people to understand how Wong’s life experience of being a war baby in China, a constant outsider and a lone voice in Western culture, has shaped a very different vision of meaning, positive mental health and global flourishing.

Findings
Wong reveals how to live a life of meaning and happiness for all the suffering people in a difficult world. He has researched the positive psychology of suffering for 60 years, from effective coping with stress and searching for meaning to successful aging and positive death. According to Wong’s suffering hypothesis and the emerging paradigm of existential positive psychology (Wong, 2021), cultivating a PSM is essential for healing and flourishing in all seasons of life.

Research limitations/implications
An expanding literature has been developed to illustrate why the missing link in well-being research is how to transcend and transform suffering into triumph. Wong reveals how this emerging area of research is still not fully embraced by mainstream psychology dominated by the individualistic Euro-American culture, and thus why, in an adversarial milieu, existential positive psychology is limited by its inability to attract more researchers to test out Wong’s suffering hypothesis.

Practical implications
The wisdom and helpful tools presented here may enable people to achieve mature happiness and existential well-being even when they have a very painful past, a very difficult present and a bleak future.

Social implications
This autoethnographic case study offers new grounds for hope for all those who are injured by life, marginalized by systemic biases or tormented by chronic illnesses and disorders. It also provides a road map for a better world with more decent human beings who dare to stand up for justice, integrity and compassion.

Originality/value
Meaning as reflected in suffering is according to Wong the most powerful force to bring out either the worst or the best in people. The new science of suffering shows us how the authors can achieve positive transformation through cultivating a PSM, no matter how harsh one’s fate may be.
A facile approach for fabrication functional finishing and coloring cotton fabrics with haematoxylum campechianum L. Bark
Authors: El-Zawahry Manal , Gamal Hager 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to focus on the aqueous extraction of natural dye from haematoxylum campechianum L. bark for finishing the bio-mordant cotton fabrics producing value-added, environment-friendly textile products, for biomedical applications.

Design/methodology/approach
The study focuses on the creation of eco-friendly bio-mordant cotton fabric using gallic acid and gelatin, Al3+ and Fe2+ salts and metal mordant. The optimal pH for extraction, structural characterization and phytochemical analysis of the extracted dye were estimated using UV-visible spectrophotometer, FTIR and qualitative analysis. Variations in electrolyte concentration and pH medium were also considered. The study also examines build-up properties, colorimetric values and fastness characteristics of the colored fabrics.

Findings
All the dyed fabrics exhibit very good to excellent in terms of antimicrobial resistance against S. aureus and C. allbicans.

Practical implications
Pre-mordant cotton fabrics with Fe2+ and a combination of metal and bio-mordant show higher antibacterial resistance against P. aerugionsa. Further, bio-mordant and a combination of both mordant exhibit excellent UV protection and antioxidant activity performance compared to that of undyed fabrics.

Originality/value
This work opens up a huge potential for producing healthy bioactive-colored fabrics used in medical textiles and other usages.
Design for additive manufacturing of topology-optimized structures based on deep learning and transfer learning
Authors: Mohseni Maede , Khodaygan Saeed 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to improve the manufacturability of additive manufacturing (AM) for topology-optimized (TO) structures. Enhancement of manufacturability focuses on modifying geometric constraints and classifying the building orientation (BO) of AM parts to reduce stresses and support structures (SSs). To this end, artificial intelligence (AI) networks are being developed to automate design for additive manufacturing (DfAM).

Design/methodology/approach
This study considers three geometric constraints for their correction by convolutional autoencoders (CAEs) and transfer learning (TL). Furthermore, BOs of AM parts are classified using generative adversarial (GAN) and classification networks to reduce the SS. To verify the results, finite element analysis (FEA) is performed to compare the stresses of modified components with the original ones. Moreover, one sample is produced by the laser-based powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) in the BO predicted by the AI to observe its SSs.

Findings
CAE and TL resulted in promoting the manufacturability of TO components. FEA demonstrated that enhancing manufacturability leads to a 50% reduction in stresses. Additionally, training GAN and pre-training the ResNet-18 resulted in 80%, 95% and 96% accuracy for training, validation and testing. The production of a sample with LB-PBF demonstrated that the predicted BO by ResNet-18 does not require SSs.

Originality/value
This paper provides an automatic platform for DfAM of TO parts. Consequently, complex TO parts can be designed most feasibly and manufactured by AM technologies with minimal material usage, residual stresses and distortions.
Sintering parameter optimization by inverse analysis in direct metal deposition of Inconel 718
Authors: Afshari Mahmoud , Khandaei Mehrdad , Shoja Razavi Reza , Barekat Seyed Masoud 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
The net power delivered to the surface of parts (i.e. the actual heat flux) is a key parameter in the laser melting process and its exact control has a great impact on the numerical solutions. In this paper, the impact of laser additive manufacturing parameters including laser power, scanning speed and powder injection rate on thermal efficiency, net power delivered to the part and power loss due to powder flow has been investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
The response surface method was applied to measure the net laser power in laser deposited Inconel 718 using k-type thermocouples. The temperature history obtained by thermocouples was used to calculate the net power delivered by inverse analysis method. The applied model is Rosenthal's optimized model, in which all the thermal properties of the material are considered to vary with temperature.

Findings
The results indicated that the thermal efficiency, power delivered to the part and power loss can be optimized simultaneously at laser power of 400 W, scanning speed of 2 mm/s and powder injection rate of 200 mg/s. The microstructure analysis indicated that a high-quality sample without microstructural defects was formed under optimal condition of parameters. Moreover, the primary dendrite arm spacing for the optimal sample was higher than that obtained for other samples.

Originality/value
The novelty of this research summarized as follows: Prediction of the thermal efficiency and power loss during the laser metal deposition of Inconel 718 superalloy using the inverse analysis. Finding the optimal values of thermal efficiency, power delivered to the surface and power loss in the laser metal deposition of Inconel 718 superalloy. Investigating the effect of laser power, powder injection rate and scanning speed on the thermal efficiency and power loss of Inconel 718 superalloy during the laser metal deposition.
Willingness to pay for expanded non‐invasive prenatal screening – An online discrete choice experiment from the perspective of women living in Western Australia
Authors: Long Sarah , O'Leary Peter , Norman Richard , Dickinson Jan E. 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionOngoing advances in genetic technology may soon provide prenatal screening for multiple genetic conditions.AimsThe aims were to investigate what prenatal screening test characteristics women prioritise and their willingness to pay for these tests.MethodsWe designed an online survey incorporating a series of discrete choice scenarios. Dimensions and levels were selected based on existing prenatal tests and a hypothetical prenatal test that could non‐invasively detect multiple genetic disorders in pregnancy. Participants were recruited from social media platforms. Data were analysed using conditional logistic regression and latent class analysis (LCA).ResultsA total of 219 women completed the survey. Women with higher incomes and those with a tertiary education were willing to pay more than other groups. The maximum willingness to pay was AUD1870 (95% confidence interval: 1630, 2112) for a hypothetical non‐invasive test to detect multiple genetic conditions in early pregnancy. An LCA demonstrated considerable heterogeneity in preferences, differing in both overall preference for testing and test characteristics considered most attractive. Among the participants, decision factors cited by 14.5% of participants were the risk of pregnancy loss, making them less likely to undergo testing; for 32.1% participants, accuracy was a major factor, and they were very likely to have testing; for 12.9%, test availability early in pregnancy was a decision factor.ConclusionsIf a non‐invasive test that could detect the greatest number of genetic disorders in pregnancy was available, the priorities were test accuracy, risk of pregnancy loss and a test available early in pregnancy.