bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV virological rebounds but not blips predict liver fibrosis progression in antiretroviral‐treated HIV/hepatitis C virus‐coinfected patients
Authors: Cooper C , Rollet‐Kurhajec KC , Young J , Vasquez C , Tyndall M , Gill J , Pick N , Walmsley S , Klein MB ,   the Canadian Co‐infection Cohort Study Investigators
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesAntiretroviral interruption is associated with liver fibrosis progression in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection. It is not known what level of HIV viraemia affects fibrosis progression.MethodsWe evaluated 288 HIV/HCV‐coinfected cohort participants with undetectable HIV RNA (< 50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL) on two consecutive visits while on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) without fibrosis [aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) < 1.5], end‐stage liver disease or HCV therapy. An HIV blip was defined as a viral load of ≥ 50 and < 1000 copies/mL, preceded and followed by undetectable values. HIV rebound was defined as: (i) HIV RNA ≥ 50 copies/mL on two consecutive visits, or (ii) a single HIV RNA measurement ≥ 1000 copies/mL. Multivariate discrete‐time proportional hazards models were used to assess the effect of different viraemia levels on liver fibrosis progression (APRI ≥ 1.5).ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 45 years, 74% were male, 81% reported a history of injecting drug use, 51% currently used alcohol and the median baseline CD4 count was 440 [interquartile range (IQR) 298, 609] cells/μL. Fifty‐seven (20%) participants [12.4/100 person‐years (PY); 95% confidence interval (CI) 9.2−15.7/100 PY] progressed to an APRI ≥ 1.5 over a mean 1.1 (IQR 0.6, 2.0) years of follow‐up time at risk. Virological rebound [hazard ratio (HR) 2.3; 95% CI 1.1, 4.7] but not blips (HR 0.5; 95% CI 0.2, 1.1) predicted progression to APRI ≥ 1.5. Each additional 1 log10 copies/mL HIV RNA exposure (cumulative) was associated with a 20% increase in the risk of fibrosis progression (HR 1.2; 95% CI 1.0–1.3).ConclusionsLiver fibrosis progression was associated with HIV rebound, but not blips, and with increasing cumulative exposure to HIV RNA, highlighting the importance of achieving and maintaining HIV suppression in the setting of HIV/HCV coinfection.
Improving nurse computer proficiency with a tri‐focal educational intervention
Authors: Hughes Sharon , Livingston Jennifer , Semler Rosemary , Hughes Amanda 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTUse of the electronic health record is expanding rapidly. Nurses are primary users of this technology and more than half rate their own computer skills to be below average. Nurses at this ambulatory genitourinary oncology practice recognized a need to improve information technology (IT) skills in the nursing team. An assessment was undertaken of nurses working in the unit by means of a confidential survey. The survey questioned nurses' ability to perform unit‐specific tasks as well as offering a free text component to identify further educational needs. Survey responses identified a need to improve computer proficiency. A nurse‐led, unit‐specific, educational intervention was developed to address this need and improve nurses IT skills. Unit‐specific competencies were identified as well as basic computer skills. The intervention was targeted at adult learners and addressed different styles of learning. A PowerPoint presentation was developed utilizing a step‐by‐step pictorial and written instruction to guide the nurse to complete the intended task. This was presented in small groups to allow visual and auditory learning. The PowerPoint presentation was also e‐mailed to each staff member for reference and personal learning. Finally, multiple opportunities for hands on learning were offered in small groups or one‐on‐one to allow kinesthetic learning to take place. Post‐survey results demonstrated an increase in unit‐specific competencies and improved overall confidence in IT skills. This was a small group of nurses N = 53, pre‐survey responses (N = 32) and post‐survey responses (N = 14) were low but within expected norms for surveys. A unit‐specific peer led intervention can improve IT skills in nurses and open a dialogue about computer skills
The one‐dimensional cutting stock problem with sequence‐dependent cut losses
Authors: Garraffa Michele , Salassa Fabio , Vancroonenburg Wim , Vanden Berghe Greet , Wauters Tony 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe paper presents a new generalization of the one‐dimensional cutting stock problem (1D‐CSP) that considers cut losses dependent on the items' cutting sequence. It is shown that this generalization can still be solved approximately by standard 1D‐CSP approaches. Furthermore, a pattern‐based heuristic (denoted by HSD) is presented that specifically considers sequence‐dependent cut losses (SDCL). A computational study shows that whenever some variability in SDCL occurs, consideration of SDCL in the HSD heuristic is beneficial. Finally, two case studies illustrate the relevance of this new generalization.
A Systematic Review of the Literature Describing the Efficacy of Surgical Treatments for Canine Hip Dysplasia (1948–2012)
Authors: Bergh Mary Sarah , Budsberg Steven C. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the literature reporting outcome of surgical treatments for canine hip dysplasia (CHD) and to evaluate whether adequate evidence exists to support a procedure that will allow a consistent return to normal function.Study DesignSystematic literature review.AnimalsDogs with naturally occurring CHD.MethodsAna prioriquestion was defined and a computer‐based bibliographic search was performed on PubMed, Medline, CAB Abstracts, and Veterinary Information Network through November 2012. Studies were compared and evaluated with regard to surgical technique, study design, outcome measurements, evidence classification, and evidence quality. Unilateral surgeries with >6 months postoperative follow‐up were included.ResultsManuscripts (n = 477) were identified and reviewed; 17 met the inclusion criteria. One study provided level I evidence, 2 provided level II evidence, 3 provided level III evidence, and 11 provided level IV evidence relative to the study question. The most common outcome measurements were orthopedic examination (70.6%), owner interview (70.6%), and visual gait observation (64.7%). Three studies used objective kinetic gait assessment. Two studies with level III evidence (total hip replacement) and 1 study with level IV evidence (juvenile pubic symphysiodesis) documented a consistent return to normal function after surgery.ConclusionsDespite a large number of publications describing clinical outcome after surgical treatments for CHD, few provided strong evidence to allow an adequate assessment of therapeutic efficacy.
‘Keep fit’ exercise interventions to improve health, fitness and well‐being of children and young people who use wheelchairs: mixed‐method systematic review protocol
Authors: O'Brien Thomas D. , Noyes Jane , Spencer Llinos Haf , Kubis Hans‐Peter , Hastings Richard P. , Edwards Rhiannon T. , Bray Nathan , Whitaker Rhiannon 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimThis mixed‐method systematic review aims to establish the current evidence base for ‘keep fit’, exercise or physical activity interventions for children and young people who use wheelchairs.BackgroundNurses have a vital health promotion, motivational and monitoring role in optimizing the health and well‐being of disabled children. Children with mobility impairments are prone to have low participation levels in physical activity, which reduces fitness and well‐being. Effective physical activity interventions that are fun and engaging for children are required to promote habitual participation as part of a healthy lifestyle. Previous intervention programmes have been trialled, but little is known about the most effective types of exercise to improve the fitness of young wheelchair users.DesignMixed‐method design using Cochrane systematic processes. Evidence regarding physiological and psychological effectiveness, health economics, user perspectives and service evaluations will be included and analysed under distinct streams.MethodsThe project was funded from October 2012. Multiple databases will be searched using search strings combining relevant medical subheadings and intervention‐specific terms. Articles will also be identified from ancestral references and by approaching authors to identify unpublished work. Only studies or reports evaluating the effectiveness, participation experiences or cost of a physical activity programme will be included. Separate analyses will be performed for each data stream, including a meta‐analysis if sufficient homogeneity exists and thematic analyses. Findings across streams will be synthesized in an overarching narrative summary.DiscussionEvidence from the first systematic review of this type will inform development of effective child‐centred physical activity interventions and their evaluation.
Impact of role‐, job‐ and organizational characteristics on Nursing Unit Managers' work related stress and well‐being
Authors: Van Bogaert Peter , Adriaenssens Jef , Dilles Tinne , Martens Daisy , Van Rompaey Bart , Timmermans Olaf 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimTo study the impact of role, job‐ and organizational characteristics on nurse managers' work related stress and well‐being such as feelings of emotional exhaustion, work engagement, job satisfaction and turnover intention.BackgroundVarious studies investigated role‐, job‐ and organizational characteristics influencing nurse‐related work environments. Research on nurse managers' related work environments define influencing factors, but, a clear understanding of the impact of nurse‐managers' work‐environment characteristics on their work related stress and well‐being is limited.DesignA cross‐sectional design with a survey.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey (N = 365) was carried out between December 2011–March 2012. The questionnaire was based on various validated measurement instruments identified by expert meetings (e.g. staff nurses, nurse managers and executives and physicians). Hierarchical regression analyses were performed using emotional exhaustion, work engagement, job satisfaction and turnover intentions as outcome variables.ResultsStudy results showed one out of six nursing unit managers have high to very high feelings of emotional exhaustion and two out of three respondents have high to very high work engagement. Hierarchical regression models showed that role conflict and role meaningfulness were strong predictors of nursing unit managers' work related stress and well‐being, alongside with job‐ and organizational characteristics.ConclusionSeveral risk factors and stimulating factors influencing nurse unit managers' work related stress and well‐being were identified. Further challenges will be to develop proper interventions and strategies to support nursing unit managers and their team in daily practice to deliver the best and safest patient care.
Living the high life: social status influences real estate decision making
Authors: Tower‐Richardi Sarah M. , Brunyé Tad T. , Gagnon Stephanie A. , Mahoney Caroline R. , Taylor Holly A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSocial status is associated with the vertical spatial dimension, with people conceptualizing higher social status with higher vertical positions. Two experiments tested whether this association influences relatively real‐world decisions about others by asking participants to act as real estate agents, aiding in the relocation of clients who explicitly or implicitly varied in social status. Across experiments, higher status clients were placed into higher elevation housing options. This influence of social status persisted when strategy‐aware participants were removed from analysis, and was not influenced by individual differences in social dominance or locus of control. Abstract concepts of social status are understood through associations with vertical space, and these mapping of abstract concepts to concrete percepts prove influential in guiding daily decisions.
C'est le Ton Qui Fait la Critique—for the powerful: the effects of feedback framing and power on affective reactions
Authors: Niemann Jana , Wisse Barbara , Rus Diana , Van Yperen Nico W. , Sassenberg Kai 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAlthough negative feedback is usually provided with the best of intentions, it often causes unfavorable affective reactions in the receiver such as anger and shame. The purpose of the present research is to identify factors that may attenuate or intensify these reactions to negative feedback. We argue and show across a laboratory experiment and a field study that feedback framing may affect feelings of anger and shame, but only for high (vs. low) power individuals. Given the prevalence of power differences in many feedback situations (e.g., in the organizational context), our findings may provide valuable information for the successful provision of negative feedback.
Commentary: The best and worst of times – the prospects for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of developmental psychopathologies – a commentary on Horga et al. (2014)
Authors: Castellanos Francisco X. , Yoncheva Yuliya 
Published: May 2014

In the accompanying Annual Research Review, Horga and colleagues provide a comprehensive overview of the current limitations of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of developmental psychopathologies focusing particularly on experimental design. Horga et al. are unsparing in their assessment of the problems that plague current clinical neuroimaging studies. We will not reiterate the long list of deficiencies in the imaging literature, which persist despite its impressive volume (PubMed lists more than 135,000 papers with the terms ‘magnetic resonance imaging’ and ‘brain’). Rather, in this Commentary, while we agree with Horga et al. that neuroimaging approaches merely represent one more types of tool, we look at where this leave us and the prospects (by attending to the lessons thoughtfully laid out by Horga and colleagues on how to place research design at the forefront in clinical neuroimaging) of better times ahead for our understanding of the pathophysiology of child‐ and adult‐onset developmental psychiatric conditions.
The utility of cranial ontogeny for phylogenetic inference: a case study in crocodylians using geometric morphometrics
Authors: Watanabe A. , Slice D. E. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe degree to which the ontogeny of organisms could facilitate our understanding of phylogenetic relationships has long been a subject of contention in evolutionary biology. The famed notion that ‘ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny’ has been largely discredited, but there remains an expectation that closely related organisms undergo similar morphological transformations throughout ontogeny. To test this assumption, we used three‐dimensional geometric morphometric methods to characterize the cranial morphology of 10 extant crocodylian species and construct allometric trajectories that model the post‐natal ontogenetic shape changes. Using time‐calibrated molecular and morphological trees, we employed a suite of comparative phylogenetic methods to assess the extent of phylogenetic signal in these trajectories. All analyses largely demonstrated a lack of significant phylogenetic signal, indicating that ontogenetic shape changes contain little phylogenetic information. Notably, some Mantel tests yielded marginally significant results when analysed with the morphological tree, which suggest that the underlying signal in these trajectories is correlated with similarities in the adult cranial morphology. However, despite these instances, all other analyses, including more powerful tests for phylogenetic signal, recovered statistical and visual evidence against the assumption that similarities in ontogenetic shape changes are commensurate with phylogenetic relatedness and thus bring into question the efficacy of using allometric trajectories for phylogenetic inference.
Female effects, but no intrinsic male effects on paternity outcome in crickets
Authors: Simmons L. W. , Lovegrove M. , Almbro M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCompetitive fertilization success can depend on the relative abilities of competing males to fertilize available ova, and on mechanisms of cryptic female choice that moderate paternity. Competitive fertilization success is thus an emergent property of competing male genotypes, female genotype and their interactions. Accurate estimates of intrinsic male effects on competitive fertilization success are therefore problematic. We used a cross‐classified nonbreeding design in which rival male family background was standardized to partition variation in competitive fertilization success among male and female family backgrounds in the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus. Male effects were close to zero, supporting previous quantitative genetic designs in which male competitors were assigned at random. In contrast, some 22% of the variance in competitive fertilization success was explained by female effects, suggesting that paternity in this species is influenced strongly by cryptic female choice.
More screen time, less face time – implications for EHR design
Authors: Asan Onur , D. Smith Paul , Montague Enid 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesUnderstanding the impact of health information technology on doctor–patient interaction is vital to designing better electronic health records (EHRs). This article quantitatively examines and compares clinically experienced physicians' interactions with patients using paper or EHRs in ambulatory primary care settings.MethodsClinical encounters using paper or EHRs were recorded with high‐resolution video cameras to capture physicians' interactions with the health records and patients. All videos were coded using quantified video coding methodology to understand how physicians interacted with EHRs and patients through measuring eye gaze durations. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the results of the paper and EHR visits.ResultsEight experienced family medicine physicians and 80 patients participated in the study. A total of 80 visits, 40 with paper and 40 with EHRs were recorded. The proportion of time physicians spent gazing at medical records during EHR visits was significantly more than in paper chart visits (35.2 versus 22.1%, P = 0.001). A significantly smaller proportion of physician time was spent gazing at the patient when using an EHR compared with when using a paper chart (52.6 versus 45.6%, P = 0.041).ConclusionsFor this group of family medicine physicians, more time was spent looking at the EHR screen than paper records and a little less time looking at the patient. These findings may negatively affect the patient perception of the visit with the physician and have implications for the design of future EHRs.
Intelligent Monitoring of Zucchini Drying Process Based on Fuzzy Expert Engine and ANN
Authors: Tavakolipour Hamid , Mokhtarian Mohsen , Kalbasi‐Ashtari Ahmad 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTwo intelligent tools, fuzzy expert engine (FEE) and artificial neural network (ANN), were used to predict momentarily the moisture content of zucchini slices during dehydration process. For this purpose, the fuzzy logic toolbox in MATLAB was used to predict moisture ratio (MR) of dried zucchini. Drying time, temperature and product thickness were selected as input variables and MR was selected as output variable. Linguistic variables were defined for both input and output variables. Generally, 81 if‐then rules with “AND” operator was obtained for thin layer drying of zucchini. It was found that ANN with one and two hidden layers, topology of 3‐20‐20‐1 had the best result to predict MR. This network was able to predict MR with R2 = 0.998. Finally, comparison of these results revealed that ANN model had greater accuracy than FEE to predict MR of dried zucchini.Practical ApplicationsDifferent intelligent tools including fuzzy and neural networks were used in this study to control the drying parameters and produce dehydrated zucchini with minimal nutritional changes. Zucchini is a rich source of different vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers and omega 3 fatty acids. The suggested nondestructive approach is capable to predict kinetic parameters during the zucchini drying more accurately than the conventional regression method. In other words, it is possible to check the moisture ratio in every minute of drying process and determine the drying time for reaching to specific moisture content in the final product. Since the moisture ratio in the regression model is a function of drying time (with the assumption of different constant coefficients), it is not able to control various complex and nonlinear relations between the independent and dependent variables during drying process. This is the reason that zucchini drying monitored with the suggestive system had a higher quality and most probably used less energy than the similar product controlled with regression model.
The Praxis of Courage as a Foundation for Care
Authors: Hawkins Sara F. , Morse Janice 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPurposeTo analyze the concept of courage and determine its relevance for the present‐day context of nursing.MethodsUsing techniques of pragmatic utility, a systematic review of the literature was conducted using 18 articles and books from the nursing literature. Analytical questions were developed to guide the data synthesis.ResultsDespite fear for self and others, courage in nursing is usually presented as ethical‐moral “risk‐taking” action(s) with the intent to ensure safe patient care.ConclusionsThe concept of courage is germane to nursing and provides a unique aspect of nursing care, not fully incorporated into “care,” “compassion,” or the caring sciences. Apart from its linkage toward a moral ethic, courage is not presently used in nursing theory. We recommend incorporating this traditional concept into nursing theory, research, and practice.Clinical RelevanceDeveloping courage in novice professionals and stre‐ngthening courage in practitioners can not only improve professional integrity, but also improve patient safety.