bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone capped fluorescent anthracene nanoparticles for sensing fluorescein sodium in aqueous solution and analytical application for ophthalmic samples
Authors: Bhopate Dhanaji P. , Mahajan Prasad G. , Garadkar Kalyanrao M. , Kolekar Govind B. , Patil Shivajirao R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBased on the known complexation ability between polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and fluorescein sodium (FL Na+), fluorescent PVP capped anthracene nanoparticles (PVP‐ANPs) were prepared using a reprecipitation method for detection of fluorescein in aqueous solution using the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) approach. A dynamic light scattering histogram of PVP‐ANPs showed narrower particle size distribution and the average particle size was 15 nm. The aggregation‐induced enhanced emission (AIEE) of PVP‐ANPs was red shifted from its monomer by 1087.22 cm−1. The maximum emission was seen to occur at 420 nm. The presence of FL Na+ in the vicinity of PVP‐ANPs quenched the fluorescence of PVP‐ANPs because of its adsorption on the surface of PVP‐ANPs in aqueous suspension. The FL Na+ and PVP‐ANPs were brought close enough, typically to 7.89 nm, which was less than the distance of 10 nm that is required between the energy donor–acceptor molecule for efficient FRET. The quenching results fit into the Stern–Volmer relationship even at temperatures greater than ambient temperatures. The thermodynamic parameters determined from FRET results helped to propose binding mechanisms involving hydrophobic and electrostatic molecular interaction. The fluorescence quenching results were used further to develop an analytical method for estimation of fluorescein sodium from ophthalmic samples available commercially in the market. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current progress of targetron technology: Development, improvement and application in metabolic engineering
Authors: Liu Ya‐Jun , Zhang Jie , Cui Gu‐Zhen , Cui Qiu 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTargetrons are mobile group II introns that can recognize their DNA target sites by base‐pairing RNA‐DNA interactions with the aid of site‐specific binding reverse transcriptases. Targetron technology stands out from recently developed gene targeting methods because of the flexibility, feasibility, and efficiency, and is particularly suitable for the genetic engineering of difficult microorganisms, including cellulolytic bacteria that are considered promising candidates for biomass conversion via consolidated bioprocessing. Along with the development of the thermotargetron method for thermophiles, targetron technology becomes increasingly important for the metabolic engineering of industrial microorganisms aiming at biofuel/chemical production. To summarize the current progress of targetron technology and provide new insights on the use of the technology, this paper reviews the retrohoming mechanisms of both mesophilic and thermophilic targetron methods based on various group II introns, investigates the improvement of targetron tools for high target efficiency and specificity, and discusses the current applications in the metabolic engineering for bacterial producers. Although there are still intellectual property and technical restrictions in targetron applications, we propose that targetron technology will contribute to both biochemistry research and the metabolic engineering for industrial productions.
Determination of sparstolonin B by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry: application to pharmacokinetic study of sparstolonin B in rat plasma
Authors: Zou Nuo‐Shu , Liang Qiao‐Li , Li Ping , Liu Jie , Liu Xiao , Kang An , Deng Hai‐Shan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSparstolonin B (SsnB), a spontaneous isocoumarin compound isolated from the tuber of Scirpus yagara Ohwi. (Cyperaceae), possesses potent anti‐inflammatory and antitumor activity. In the present study, a rapid and simple UHPLC/MS/MS method for determination of SsnB in rat plasma was developed and validated. Plasma samples were pretreated by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate containing rhein as an internal standard and separated on a C18 column at 35 °C, with a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water containing 0.2% (v/v) formic acid within 2.1 min. MS/MS detection was accomplished in multiple reaction monitoring mode with negative electrospray ionization. The precursor–product ion transitions were m/z 266.9 [M–H]− → m/z 211.0 for SsnB and m/z 283.2 [M–H]− → m/z 239.0 for IS. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision (RSD) was <8.98% and the accuracy (RE) ranged from −7.40 to 4.50%. The extraction recoveries ranged from 96.28 to 97.30%. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using Win Nonlin53 software. The absolute bioavailability of SsnB was estimated to be 6.98%. The proposed method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of SsnB in rats after intravenous administration with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg and oral administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Rosie 2’ A Child Protection Simulation: Perspectives on Neglect and the ‘Unconscious At Work’
Authors: Reeves Jane , Drew Isobel , Shemmings David , Ferguson Heather 
Published: March 2015

Neglect is the most common category for abuse of children under one. It is prevalent in large families; where there is a mother with low self‐esteem and frequent changes of partner. Because neglect is difficult to work with, the Centre for Child Protection at the University of Kent has developed a child protection simulation – ‘Rosie 2’ – which is designed to train child protection professionals. It follows a social worker and health visitor on a virtual home visit to a family where neglect is a significant concern, and offers a safe opportunity to explore practice options. A small‐scale research project has been conducted whereby highly sensitive eye tracker technology and facial recognition software were used to examine the emotional responses exhibited by social workers and health visitors during this ‘virtual visit’. The results indicate that the prevailing emotion exhibited by the professional group showed a ‘neutral’ response. There were significant differences between the groups, with health visitors displaying more sadness, and social workers demonstrating greater surprise and disgust. The article discusses these findings in the context of debates on compassion fatigue and emotional response within child protection. We conclude by discussing how the findings can enhance professionals' supervision. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘There were significant differences between the groups’Key Practitioner Messages

Neglect is a chronic problem in some families and can have long‐term effects on practitioners including burnout, compassion fatigue and secondary trauma.
Simulations can provide immersive, realistic environments for child protection training and ‘Rosie 2’ has been developed for this purpose.
Eye tracker technology coupled with simulations can provide insight into the unconscious emotional impact on practitioners of child protection work. This can potentially support and inform supervision.‘Simulations can provide immersive, realistic environments for child protection training’
Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis of the Parents under Pressure Programme for Methadone‐Maintained Parents
Authors: Dalziel Kim , Dawe Sharon , Harnett Paul H. , Segal Leonie 
Published: March 2015

Children living in families with parental substance abuse are at high risk of child maltreatment and associated adverse outcomes. A trial of methadone‐maintained parents randomised to the Parents under Pressure (PuP) parenting programme reported significant improvements in family functioning relative to standard care or a brief intervention, as indicated by a reduction in scores on the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. We sought to determine the cost‐effectiveness of the PuP programme to inform policy and programme implementation. The cost per expected case of child maltreatment prevented was calculated and compared with the estimated lifetime costs of maltreatment and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Compared to usual care, the PuP programme costs an additional AU$8777 (£4880) per family to deliver. Assuming the most conservative estimate of one in five cases of maltreatment prevented, a cost‐effectiveness estimate of AU$43 975 (£24 451) per case of potential maltreatment prevented for the PuP group was obtained. This is significantly less than the estimated mean lifetime cost of a case of child maltreatment of AU$200 000 (2013 present value) (£110 000). For 100 families in this population treated with PuP, there would be a net present value saving of an estimated AU$3.1 million (£1.7 million). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘The cost per expected case of child maltreatment prevented was calculated and compared with the estimated lifetime costs of maltreatment’Key Practitioner Messages

The PuP programme is a cost‐effective and likely cost‐saving means of preventing maltreatment in opioid‐dependent parents in receipt of methadone maintenance.
These data suggest that investment in intensive home‐based parenting programmes addressing multiple domains in very high‐risk families, including substance‐misusing parents, may result in both improvements in clinical outcomes and considerable net cost savings.
Even though intensive programmes may seem more expensive, because the costs of maltreatment are so substantial, the cost of doing nothing or minimally intervening is likely to be more costly for society.‘The cost of doing nothing or minimally intervening is likely to be more costly for society’
Dual‐Modal Magnetic Resonance/Fluorescent Zinc Probes for Pancreatic β‐Cell Mass Imaging
Authors: Stasiuk Graeme J. , Minuzzi Florencia , Sae‐Heng Myra , Rivas Charlotte , Juretschke Hans‐Paul , Piemonti Lorenzo , Allegrini Peter R. , Laurent Didier , Duckworth Andrew R. , Beeby Andrew , Rutter Guy A. , Long Nicholas J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDespite the contribution of changes in pancreatic β‐cell mass to the development of all forms of diabetes mellitus, few robust approaches currently exist to monitor these changes prospectively in vivo. Although magnetic‐resonance imaging (MRI) provides a potentially useful technique, targeting MRI‐active probes to the β cell has proved challenging. Zinc ions are highly concentrated in the secretory granule, but they are relatively less abundant in the exocrine pancreas and in other tissues. We have therefore developed functional dual‐modal probes based on transition‐metal chelates capable of binding zinc. The first of these, Gd⋅1, binds ZnII directly by means of an amidoquinoline moiety (AQA), thus causing a large ratiometric Stokes shift in the fluorescence from λem=410 to 500 nm with an increase in relaxivity from r1=4.2 up to 4.9 mM−1 s−1. The probe is efficiently accumulated into secretory granules in β‐cell‐derived lines and isolated islets, but more poorly by non‐endocrine cells, and leads to a reduction in T1 in human islets. In vivo murine studies of Gd⋅1 have shown accumulation of the probe in the pancreas with increased signal intensity over 140 minutes.
Two‐Dimensional Crystals from Reduced Symmetry Analogues of Trimesic Acid
Authors: Barnard Rachel A. , Dutta Ananya , Schnobrich Jennifer K. , Morrison Christine N. , Ahn Seokhoon , Matzger Adam J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe two‐dimensional assembly of multicarboxylated arenes is explored at the liquid–graphite interface using scanning tunneling microscopy. Symmetry variations were introduced via phenylene spacer addition and the influence of these perturbations on the formation of hydrogen‐bonded motifs from an alkanoic acid solvent is observed. This work demonstrates the importance of symmetry in 2D crystal formation and draws possible links of this behavior to prediction of coordination modes in three‐dimensional coordination polymers.
The Challenge of Deciphering Linkage Isomers in Mixtures of Oligomeric Complexes Derived from 9‐Methyladenine and trans‐(NH3)2PtII Units
Authors: Ibáñez Susana , Mihály Béla , Sanz Miguel Pablo J. , Steinborn Dirk , Pretzer Irene , Hiller Wolf , Lippert Bernhard 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMetal coordination to N9‐substituted adenines, such as the model nucleobase 9‐methyladenine (9MeA), under neutral or weakly acidic pH conditions in water preferably occurs at N1 and/or N7. This leads, not only to mononuclear linkage isomers with N1 or N7 binding, but also to species that involve both N1 and N7 metal binding in the form of dinuclear or oligomeric species. Application of a trans‐(NH3)2PtII unit and restriction of metal coordination to the N1 and N7 sites and the size of the oligomer to four metal entities generates over 50 possible isomers, which display different feasible connectivities. Slowly interconverting rotamers are not included in this number. Based on 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis, a qualitative assessment of the spectroscopic features of N1,N7‐bridged species was attempted. By studying the solution behavior of selected isolated and structurally characterized compounds, such as trans‐[PtCl(9MeA‐N7)(NH3)2]ClO4⋅2H2O or trans,trans‐[{PtCl(NH3)2}2(9MeA‐N1,N7)][ClO4]2⋅H2O, and also by application of a 9MeA complex with an (NH3)3PtII entity at N7, [Pt(9MeA‐N7)(NH3)3][NO3]2, which blocks further cross‐link formation at the N7 site, basic NMR spectroscopic signatures of N1,N7‐bridged PtII complexes were identified. Among others, the trinuclear complex trans‐[Pt(NH3)2{μ‐(N1‐9MeA‐N7)Pt(NH3)3}2][ClO4]6⋅2H2O was crystallized and its rotational isomerism in aqueous solution was studied by NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Interestingly, simultaneous PtII coordination to N1 and N7 acidifies the exocyclic amino group of the two 9MeA ligands sufficiently to permit replacement of one proton each by a bridging heterometal ion, HgII or CuII, under mild conditions in water.
Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence from a Stoichiometric Ruthenium(II)–Iridium(III) Complex Soft Salt
Authors: Swanick Kalen N. , Sandroni Martina , Ding Zhifeng , Zysman‐Colman Eli 
Published: March 2015

AbstractElectrochemiluminescence (ECL) and electrochemistry are reported for a heterometallic soft salt, [Ru(dtbubpy)3][Ir(ppy)2(CN)2]2 ([Ir][Ru][Ir]), consisting of a 2:1 ratio of complementary charged Ru and Ir complexes possessing two different emission colors. The [Ru]2+ and [Ir]− moieties in the [Ir][Ru][Ir] greatly reduce the energy required to produce ECL. Though ECL intensity in the annihilation path was enhanced 18× relative to that of [Ru(bpy)3]2+, ECL in the co‐reactant path with tri‐n‐propylamine was enhanced a further 4×. Spooling spectroscopy gives insight into ECL mechanisms: the unique light emission at 634 nm is due to the [Ru]2+* excited state and no [Ir]−* was generated in either route. Overall, the soft salt system is anticipated to be attractive and suitable for the development of efficient and low‐energy‐cost ECL detection systems.
Supramolecular Interaction of Fullerenes with a Curved π‐Surface of a Monomeric Quadruply Ring‐Fused Porphyrin
Authors: Saegusa Yuta , Ishizuka Tomoya , Kojima Tatsuhiro , Mori Shigeki , Kawano Masaki , Kojima Takahiko 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMolecular binding of fullerenes, C60 and C70, with the ZnII complex of a monomeric ring‐fused porphyrin derivative (2‐py) as a host molecule, which has a concave π‐conjugated surface, has been confirmed spectroscopically. The structures of associated complexes composed of fullerenes and 2‐py were explicitly established by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The fullerenes in the 2:1 complexes, which consist of two 2‐py molecules and one fullerene molecule, are fully covered by the concave surfaces of the two 2‐py molecules in the crystal structure. In contrast, in the crystal structure of the 1:1 complex consisting of one 2‐py molecule and one C60 molecule, the C60 molecule formed a π–π stacked pair with a C60 molecule in the neighboring complex using a partial surface, which was uncovered by the 2‐py molecule. Additionally, the molecular size of fullerene adopted significantly affects the 1H NMR spectral changes and the redox properties of 2‐py upon the molecular binding.
Cancer during pregnancy and the postpartum period: A population‐based study
Authors: Andersson Therese M.‐L. , Johansson Anna L. V. , Fredriksson Irma , Lambe Mats 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to assess patterns of cancer occurrence during pregnancy and the postpartum period.METHODSThis was a register‐based study using data from the Swedish Multi‐Generation Register and the National Cancer Register from 1963 to 2007. Pregnancy‐associated cancer (PAC) was defined as a malignancy detected during pregnancy or within 2 years of delivery and was assessed in 7 time windows: pregnancy, trimesters 1‐3, 0‐6 months, 7‐12 months, and second year postpartum. Population incidence rates by 5‐year age groups and periods were used to estimate the expected number of PACs for each site. The observed versus the expected (O/E) number of cases was estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CI).RESULTSThe 3 most common malignancies during pregnancy were melanoma (n = 232), breast (n = 139) and cervical cancer (n = 139). With a slightly different rank order, these cancers are also the most common in women of childbearing age. The number of observed cases during pregnancy was lower than expected for all cancers, with a combined O/E ratio for all sites of 0.46 (95% CI, 0.43‐0.49). The O/E ratio was close to 1 during all postpartum intervals, including 0‐6 months (0.93; 95% CI, 0.88‐0.98), 7‐12 months (0.96; 95% CI, 0.91‐1.01), and during the second year after delivery (0.95; 95% CI, 0.92‐0.99).CONCLUSIONSThe rate of cancer during pregnancy was lower than expected for all sites, a finding that could not be explained entirely by delayed diagnosis. A rebound in the number of observed cases after delivery was restricted to melanoma, nervous system malignancies, and breast and thyroid cancer. Cancer 2015;121:2072–2077. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Selective Aerobic Oxidation of 5‐HMF into 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid with Pt Catalysts Supported on TiO2‐ and ZrO2‐Based Supports
Authors: Ait Rass Hicham , Essayem Nadine , Besson Michèle 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPt catalysts prepared over different metallic oxide supports were investigated in the oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) in alkaline aqueous solutions with air, to examine the combined effect of the support and base addition. The base (nature and amount) played a significant role in the degradation or oxidation of HMF. Increasing amounts of the weak NaHCO3 base improved significantly the overall catalytic activity of Pt/TiO2 and Pt/ZrO2 by accelerating the oxidation steps, especially for the aldehyde group. This was highlighted by a proposed kinetic model that gave very good concentration–time fittings. Moreover, the promotion of the catalyst with bismuth yielded a PtBi/TiO2 catalytic system with improved activity and stability. Y2O3 and La2O3ZrO2‐supported catalysts exhibited lower activity than Pt/ZrO2, which suggests no cooperative effect of the weakly basic properties introduced and the homogeneous base. Quantitative oxidation of HMF (0.1 M) and high yields of FDCA (>99 %) were obtained in less than 5 h by using an HMF/Pt molar ratio of 100 and Na2CO3 as a weak base over PtBi/TiO2 (Bi/Pt=0.22).
An anonymous biometric‐based remote user‐authenticated key agreement scheme for multimedia systems
Authors: Mishra Dheerendra , Kumari Saru , Khan Muhammad Khurram , Mukhopadhyay Sourav 
Published: March 2015

SummaryWe analyze the security of the Li et al. authentication scheme and show its vulnerability to off‐line password‐guessing and replay attacks. We design a new anonymous authentication scheme. The proposed scheme not only removes the drawback of the scheme of the Li et al. scheme but also protects user's anonymity. Moreover, we show validity of our proposed scheme using Burrows, Abadi, and Needham logic. Our scheme is comparable in terms of the communication and computational overhead with related schemes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrid Materials, the Materials for Today's Technology
Authors: Hindson Karen J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBiomimetic ion channels, supported catalysis, metalorganic frameworks, layered double hydroxides and biomineralization are all examples of topics covered in this cluster issue, “Hybrid Materials: Next Generation in Chemistry, Physics and Biology”, presenting a wide variety of inorganic chemistry from synthesis and host–guest chemistry to applications in bioinorganic chemistry, catalysis and fuel cells.
Remote Substituent Effects on the Stereoselectivity and Organocatalytic Activity of Densely Substituted Unnatural Proline Esters in Aldol Reactions
Authors: de Gracia Retamosa María , de Cózar Abel , Sánchez Mirian , Miranda José I. , Sansano José M. , Castelló Luis M. , Nájera Carmen , Jiménez Ana I. , Sayago Francisco J. , Cativiela Carlos , Cossío Fernando P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe organocatalytic activities of highly substituted proline esters obtained through asymmetric [3+2] cycloadditions of azomethine ylides derived from glycine iminoesters have been analyzed by 19F NMR and through kinetic isotope effects. Kinetic rate constants have been determined for unnatural proline esters incorporating different substituents. It has been found that exo‐L and endo‐L unnatural proline methyl esters yield opposite enantiomers in aldol reactions between cyclic ketones and aromatic aldehydes. The combined results reported in this study show subtle and remote effects that determine the organocatalytic behavior of these synthetic but readily available amino acid derivatives. These data can be used as design criteria for the development of new pyrrolidine‐based organocatalysts.
The influence of carbon‐based fillers on the flammability of polypropylene‐based co‐extruded wood‐plastic composite
Authors: Turku Irina , Kärki Timo 
Published: March 2015

SummaryComparative analysis of the effect of carbon‐based fillers with different particle sizes and morphologies on the flammable properties of a co‐extruded wood‐plastic composite is performed. Five carbon‐based fillers, namely carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphite, expandable graphite, and carbon fibers were loaded into the shell layer of the composite. The flammability was characterized by using the cone calorimeter technique. The nanosized fillers, carbon black and carbon nanotubes, had a larger impact on the peak of the heat release rate, decreasing it by 16% and 17%, respectively. The samples with graphite, expandable graphite, and carbon fibers, decreased the peak of the heat release rate by 10%, 6%, and 11%, respectively. The total heat release decreased slightly for all the samples, except for the carbon fibers–wood‐plastic composite. The effective heat of combustion decreased also slightly, and carbon monoxide production increased for all the studied composites. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.