bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
e‐Marketing Ireland: cashing in on green dots
Authors: Halvorson Wade , Bal Anjali , Pitt Leyland , Parent Michael 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze an integrated marketing model that includes operations in the real and virtual worlds.Design/methodology/approachThe authors selected a marketing campaign conducted by a real world enterprise (Tourism Dublin) and examined the virtual world business (Virtual Dublin) model through that lens.FindingsAt the “slope of enlightenment” stage of the Gartner technology hype cycle, it is found that Second Life offers value for its business clients who understand the use of an immersive virtual experience as part of a strategic marketing program.Practical implicationsThe paper shows that strategic use of a simulation that provides an immersive experience, such as the virtual exploration of a tourist destination, as part of an integrated marketing program can deliver tangible results and add value to a marketing campaign.Social implicationsWith a range of products and services that were previously inaccessible before purchase, consumers can “try before they buy” in a virtual environment such as Second Life.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case study to examine the business model of a company operating in Second Life (a virtual world) that sells the value of an immersive customer experience as an important part of an integrated marketing communications program.
Estimation of pore‐pressure change in a compacting reservoir from time‐lapse seismic data
Authors: Corzo Margarita , MacBeth Colin , Barkved Olav 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTAn approach is developed to estimate pore‐pressure changes in a compacting chalk reservoir directly from time‐lapse seismic attributes. It is applied to data from the south‐east flank of the Valhall field. The time‐lapse seismic signal of the reservoir in this area is complex, despite the fact that saturation changes do not have an influence. This complexity reflects a combination of pressure depletion, compaction and stress re‐distribution throughout the reservoir and into the surrounding rocks. A simple relation is found to link the time‐lapse amplitude and time‐shift attributes to variations in the key controlling parameter of initial porosity. This relation is sufficient for an accurate estimation of pore‐pressure change in the inter‐well space. Although the time‐lapse seismic estimates mostly agree with reservoir simulation, unexplained mismatches are apparent at a small number of locations with lower porosities (less than 38%). The areas of difference between the observations and predictions suggest possibilities for simulation model updating or a better understanding of the physics of the reservoir.
Strategies for the Creation and Maintenance of Reconstructed Arteriovenous Fistulas Using the Forearm Basilic Vein
Authors: Kumano Shintaro , Itatani Keiichi , Shiota Jun , Gojo Satoshi , Izumi Naoki , Kasahara Hitoshi , Homma Yukio , Tagawa Hitoshi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractReconstruction of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) after an initial failure to provide long‐term patency has been desired in the era when hemodialysis patients' prognosis is improving. The forearm basilic vein AVF should be considered, before an artificial graft shunt or an AVF in the cubital region. The present study was designed to establish a strategy for the creation and maintenance of AVFs using the forearm basilic vein. This study reviewed 76 cases of reconstructed AVF including 18 cases using the basilic vein (23.7% of total cases). The following four points were considered: arm positioning of the cubital flexion position combined with the forearm supinated position; several small skin incisions with a subcutaneous tunnel; sufficient venous dilatation using Fogarty balloon catheter; and early percutaneous angioplasty introduction for immature AVF. The primary and secondary patency rates were examined. A radiobasilic AVF was created through a subcutaneous tunnel in two cases. The primary and secondary patency rates of AVF with the basilic vein were 54.7% and 76.7% respectively, whereas those of AVF with the cephalic vein were 49.3% and 71.3%. The basilic was not inferior to the cephalic vein (P‐value of the log‐rank test for primary and secondary patency rates were 0.927 and 0.811, respectively). Early stage percutaneous angioplasty was effective in five cases with immature AVF. The forearm basilic vein was useful in AVF reconstruction and equivalent to radiocephalic reconstruction. Careful observation and percutaneous angioplasty during the early period after the surgery were essential for long‐term patency.
Use of varenicline versus bupropion and risk of psychiatric adverse events
Authors: Pasternak Björn , Svanström Henrik , Hviid Anders 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate whether varenicline use was associated with increased risk of psychiatric adverse events, compared with bupropion, another drug used for smoking cessation.Designsetting and participantsWe conducted a registry‐based cohort study in Denmark, 2007–10, comparing new users of varenicline and bupropion in unmatched and 1 : 1 propensity score‐matched analyses.MeasurementsUsing Cox regression, we estimated the hazard ratio (HR) of any psychiatric adverse event (emergency department visit or in‐patient admission with a psychiatric diagnosis) within 30 days following treatment initiation. The unmatched and matched analyses correspond to conventional crude and fully adjusted analyses, respectively.FindingsIn unmatched analyses, there were 106 (0.18%) psychiatric adverse events among 59 790 varenicline users (rate 22 events per 1000 person‐years), compared with 46 (0.26%) events among 17 936 bupropion users (rate 31 per 1000); the HR was 0.69 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49–0.98]. In propensity score‐matched analyses, 39 (0.22%) events occurred among 17 935 varenicline users (rate 27 per 1000), compared with 46 (0.26%) events among 17 935 bupropion users (rate 31 per 1000); varenicline was not associated with increased risk of psychiatric adverse events (HR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.55–1.30). The overall rate of psychiatric adverse events was substantially higher among participants with a history of psychiatric disorder than in patients without such history; the risk associated with varenicline did not differ significantly by history of psychiatric disorder.ConclusionsIn Denmark, the risk of psychiatric adverse events diagnosed during an emergency department visit or in‐patient admission was not significantly higher with varenicline use compared with bupropion.
Medical Ghostwriting and Informed Consent
Authors: Almassi Ben 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGhostwriting in its various forms has received critical scrutiny from medical ethicists, journal editors, and science studies scholars trying to explain where ghostwriting goes wrong and ascertain how to counter it. Recent analyses have characterized ghostwriting as plagiarism or fraud, and have urged that it be deterred through stricter compliance with journal submission requirements, conflict of interest disclosures, author‐institutional censure, legal remedies, and journals' refusal to publish commercially sponsored articles. As a supplement to such efforts, this paper offers a critical assessment of medical ghostwriting as contrary to good patient care, on the grounds that it contradicts established general principles guiding clinical ethics. Specifically, I argue that ghostwriting undermines trust relationships between authors and their readers, and between these readers and their trusting patients, and in so doing contradicts the duty of respect for patient autonomy by obstructing informed consent. For this reason, complicity in ghostwriting practices should be understood as a violation of the professional ethical duties of physicians and other healthcare workers.
Effect of glacial acetic acid treatment of cervical ThinPrep specimens on HPV DNA detection with the cobas 4800 HPV test
Authors: McMenamin M. , McKenna M. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundCytology laboratories in the UK routinely treat unsatisfactory cervical liquid‐based cytology (LBC) specimens with glacial acetic acid (GAA) to reduce the unsatisfactory rate. However, there is limited published data on the effect of GAA reprocessing on the molecular detection of human papillomavirus (HPV). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of GAA treatment of cervical ThinPrep® samples on HPV detection with the cobas® 4800 HPV Test (Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA, USA).MethodsResidual ThinPrep samples (n = 121) were selected to provide a range of typical cytology results and enrich the study samples for HPV positivity. Specimens were equally split into two fractions: one part treated with 10% GAA and the other part left untreated. All samples were HPV tested using the cobas 4800 HPV Test, which simultaneously detects a total of 14 high‐risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes and individually identifies HPV16 and HPV18. The HPV positive/negative status of tested samples determined the level of agreement between treated and untreated fractions; one sample failed owing to detection of a clot by the instrument during pipetting, leaving 120 samples in the study. Statistical analysis was performed using an unweighted kappa.ResultsAnalysis of overall HPV positivity showed 97.5% (117/120) agreement between the treated and untreated fractions with a kappa value of 0.95. There were 63/65 (96.9%) concordant HPV positive and 54/55 (98.2%) concordant HPV negative results. In addition to the three discordant results for overall HPV positivity, there were three HPV type‐specific discrepancies giving a total of 114/120 concordant HPV results (95% agreement).ConclusionsGlacial acetic acid (GAA) treatment of cervical ThinPrep specimens does not have significant adverse affects on HPV detection with the cobas 4800 HPV Test.
Acceptability of a reflective e‐portfolio instituted in an orthodontic specialist programme: a pilot study
Authors: Tonni I. , Oliver R. G. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimThe purpose of the study was to highlight students' and mentors' acceptability of a reflective e‐portfolio instituted in a postgraduate orthodontic programme in the UK.MethodsA reflective e‐portfolio was developed on the basis of principles provided by a literature search and was piloted for 2 months with six students and seven mentors. At the end of the experience, mentors' and students' acceptability of the e‐portfolio with a reflective component was studied using questionnaires. The data were analysed using basic quantitative and qualitative methods.ResultsStudents' response highlighted acceptability issues related to each aspect of the e‐portfolio derived from the literature: relevance of the e‐portfolio reflective part; time required for the process; support and mentoring; the implementation method; and the electronic medium. Mentors showed a more positive attitude towards the e‐portfolio, expressing only some concerns about the time involved in using it. Furthermore, the analysis of the data highlighted some other acceptability matters: the specificity of the e‐portfolio, the communication amongst students and the relationship between students and mentors.ConclusionsThe future successful implementation of the reflective e‐portfolio will depend on the productive management of the acceptability issues identified by students and mentors, in particular:(i)the specificity of the e‐portfolio that would avoid its overlapping with other part of the programme;(ii)the increasing communication amongst students to improve their knowledge of the reflective writing process; and (iii)the development of a relationship between students and mentors helping to create the appropriate environment for reflection.
Optimising control of invasive crayfish using life‐history information
Authors: Rogowski David L. , Sitko Suzanne , Bonar Scott A. 
Published: February 2013

Summary

Optimisation of control methods of invasive species using life‐history information may increase probability that techniques will be effective at reducing impacts of nuisance species.

The northern crayfish, Orconectes virilis, has negatively affected native flora and fauna throughout the world in areas where it is non‐native. Yet, life history of invasive populations has rarely been studied.

We investigated the life history of three introduced populations of O. virilis within Arizona streams using mark–recapture methods and a laboratory investigation of reproduction to identify times and techniques to maximise effects of mechanical control.

We show the most effective time to implement crayfish control efforts is in autumn during their mating season, prior to onset of colder temperatures, at which time the majority of O. virilis become inactive. To improve crayfish survival, recapture and population density estimates, we suggest a mark–recapture programme using a robust sampling approach concentrated during spring and autumn.

Identification of vulnerable points in the life history of nuisance species may aid in control efforts.
Coproporphyrin III excretion identifies the anaerobic coproporphyrinogen III oxidase HemN as a copper target in the Cu+‐ATPase mutant copA− of Rubrivivax gelatinosus
Authors: Azzouzi Asma , Steunou Anne‐Soisig , Durand Anne , Khalfaoui‐Hassani Bahia , Bourbon Marie‐line , Astier Chantal , Bollivar David W. , Ouchane Soufian 
Published: February 2013

SummaryTwo genes encoding structurally similar Copper P1B‐type ATPases can be identified in several genomes. Notwithstanding the high sequence and structural similarities these ATPases held, it has been suggested that they fulfil distinct physiological roles. In deed, we have shown that the Cu+‐ATPase CtpA is required only for the activity of cuproproteins in the purple bacterium Rubrivivax gelatinosus; herein, we show that CopA is not directly required for cytochrome c oxidase but is vital for copper tolerance. Interestingly, excess copper in the copA− mutant resulted in a substantial decrease of the cytochrome c oxidase and the photosystem under microaerobic and anaerobic conditions together with the extrusion of coproporphyrin III. The data indicated that copper targeted the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway at the level of the coproporphyrinogen III oxidase HemN and thereby affects the oxidase and the photosystem. This is the first in vivo demonstration that copper, like oxygen, affects tetrapyrrole biosynthesis presumably at the level of the SAM and [4Fe‐4S] containing HemN enzyme. In light of these results and similar findings in Escherichia coli, the potential role of copper ions in the evolution of [4Fe‐4S] enzymes and the Cu+‐ATPases is discussed.
Relationship between ascochyta blight on field pea (Pisum sativum) and spore release patterns of Didymella pinodes and other causal agents of ascochyta blight
Authors: Davidson J. A. , Wilmshurst C. J. , Scott E. S. , Salam M. U. 
Published: February 2013

Ascochyta blight of field pea, caused by Didymella pinodes, Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella, Phoma koolunga and Didymella pisi, is controlled through manipulating sowing dates to avoid ascospores of D. pinodes, and by field selection and foliar fungicides. This study investigated the relationship between number of ascospores of D. pinodes at sowing and disease intensity at crop maturity. Field pea stubble infested with ascochyta blight from one site was exposed to ambient conditions at two sites, repeated in 2 years. Three batches of stubble with varying degrees of infection were exposed at one site, repeated in 3 years. Every 2 weeks, stubble samples were retrieved, wetted and placed in a wind tunnel and up to 2500 ascospores g−1 h−1 were released. Secondary inoculum, monitored using seedling field peas as trap plants in canopies arising from three sowing dates and external to field pea canopies, was greatest in early sown crops. A model was developed to calculate the effective number of ascospores using predictions from G1 blackspot manager (Salam et al., 2011b; Australasian Plant Pathology, 40, 621–31), distance from infested stubble (Salam et al., 2011a; Australasian Plant Pathology, 40, 640–7) and winter rainfall. Maximum disease intensity was predicted based on the calculated number of effective ascospores, soilborne inoculum and spring rainfall over two seasons. Predictions were validated in the third season with data from field trials and commercial crops. A threshold amount of ascospores of D. pinodes, 294 g−1 stubble h−1, was identified, above which disease did not increase. Below this threshold there was a linear relationship between ascospore number and maximum disease intensity.
Determinants for preventive oral health care need among community‐dwelling older people: a population‐based study
Authors: Komulainen Kaija , Ylöstalo Pekka , Syrjälä Anna‐Maija , Ruoppi Piia , Knuuttila Matti , Sulkava Raimo , Hartikainen Sirpa 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim was to study the determinants of preventive oral health care need among community‐dwelling old people. The study population consisted of 165 participants, a subpopulation in the Geriatric Multidisciplinary Strategy for Good Care of Elderly People (GeMS) study. Fifty‐five percent of the edentate participants with full dentures and 82% of the dentate had a need for preventive oral health care. In the total study population, the need for preventive care was associated with co‐morbidity (measured by means of the Modified Functional Co‐morbidity Index) odds ratios (OR) 1.2 (confidence intervals [CI] 1.0–1.5), being pre‐frail or frail, OR 2.5 (CI 1.2–5.1), presence of natural teeth, OR 4.8 (CI 2.2–10.4), and among dentate participants, the use of a removable partial denture, OR 12.8 (CI 1.4–114.4). Primary care clinicians should be aware of the high need for preventive care and the importance of nonoral conditions as determinants of preventive oral health care need.
Can Molecular Methods Detect 1% Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Authors: Folkvardsen Dorte Bek , Svensson Erik , Thomsen Vibeke Ø. , Rasmussen Erik Michael , Bang Didi , Werngren Jim , Hoffner Sven , Hillemann Doris , Rigouts Leen 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Patients may harbor both drug-susceptible and -resistant bacteria, representing heteroresistance. We studied mixtures of isoniazid-resistant and -susceptible
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strains. Conventional drug susceptibility testing was the most sensitive method of detection, whereas the line probe assay and sequencing were not able to detect the clinically relevant 1% proportion of resistant bacteria.
PCR-Reverse Blot Hybridization Assay for Screening and Identification of Pathogens in Sepsis
Authors: Choi Yeonim , Wang Hye-Young , Lee Gyusang , Park Soon-Deok , Jeon Bo-Young , Uh Young , Kim Jong Bae , Lee Hyeyoung 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Rapid and accurate identification of the pathogens involved in bloodstream infections is crucial for the prompt initiation of appropriate therapy, as this can decrease morbidity and mortality rates. A PCR-reverse blot hybridization assay for sepsis, the reverse blot hybridization assay (REBA) Sepsis-ID test, was developed; it uses pan-probes to distinguish Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and fungi. In addition, the assay was designed to identify bacteria and fungi using six genus-specific and 13 species-specific probes; it uses additional probes for antibiotic resistance genes, i.e., the
mecA
gene of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) and the
vanA
and
vanB
genes of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). The REBA Sepsis-ID test successfully identified clinical isolates and blood culture samples as containing Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, or fungi. The results matched those obtained with conventional microbiological methods. For the REBA Sepsis-ID test, of the 115 blood culture samples tested, 47 (40.8%) and 49 (42.6%) samples were identified to the species and genus levels, respectively, and the remaining 19 samples (16.5%), which included five Gram-positive rods, were identified as Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, or fungi. The antibiotic resistances of the MRSA and VRE strains were identified using both conventional microbiological methods and the REBA Sepsis-ID test. In conclusion, the REBA Sepsis-ID test developed for this study is a fast and reliable test for the identification of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and antibiotic resistance genes (including
mecA
for MRSA and the
vanA
and
vanB
genes for VRE) in bloodstream infections.
Development and Characterization of the cobas Human Papillomavirus Test
Authors: Rao Arundhati , Young Stephen , Erlich Henry , Boyle Sean , Krevolin Mark , Sun Rita , Apple Raymond , Behrens Catherine 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

The cobas human papillomavirus (HPV) test, approved by the FDA in April 2011, is a fully automated assay for the detection of 14 high-risk (hr) HPV genotypes from cervical specimens collected in liquid-based cytology medium using real-time PCR amplification of the L1 gene and TaqMan probes. Results are simultaneously reported as positive or negative for the pooled 12 oncogenic HPV types (HPV31, -33, -35, -39, -45, -51, -52, -56, -58, -59, -66, and -68) from channel 1, with HPV16 and HPV18 genotypes read individually from channels 2 and 3. A fourth channel detects the human β-globin gene as a control for sample adequacy and assay inhibition. To optimize clinical sensitivity and specificity, cutoff values (cycle thresholds [

C
T

]) were established for each channel based on the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) or greater (≥CIN2). For women aged ≥21 years with cytology results indicating atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US),

C
T

values provided a sensitivity of 90% (95% confidence interval [CI], 81.5% to 94.8%) for the detection of ≥CIN2 and a specificity of 70.5% (95% CI, 68.1% to 72.7%). The analytic sensitivity (limit of detection) ranged from 150 to 2,400 copies/ml, depending on genotype. The analytic specificity, evaluated by comparing the HPV result with a combined comparator of Sanger sequencing and the Qiagen digene HC2 high-risk HPV DNA test (hc2), demonstrated overall positive agreement of 96.3% for 14 hrHPV types in women with ASC-US cytology results who were aged ≥21 years and 86.1% in women with NLIM (negative for intraepithelial neoplasia or malignancy) cytology who were aged ≥30 years. These and other performance validation studies demonstrate that the cobas HPV test is a fully automated and clinically validated robust test.
Kingella kingae Keratitis
Authors: Muñoz-Egea María-Carmen , García-Pedrazuela María , González-Pallarés Iris , Martínez-Pérez Marta , Fernández-Roblas Ricardo , Esteban Jaime 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

We present the first two cases of
Kingella kingae
keratitis in adults. This species is a rare isolate from ophthalmic samples for which final identification was obtained with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. One of the patients recovered uneventfully with topical therapy. Results from the second patient cannot be confirmed as he was lost to follow-up.