bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers, Benefits, and Strategies for Physical Activity in Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Rastad Cecilia , Martin Cathrin , Åsenlöf Pernilla 
Published: May 2014

Background
Patients with schizophrenia have a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death compared with the general population. High prevalence of an unhealthy lifestyle contributes to the increased risk in these patients. Patients with schizophrenia are often physically inactive, and there is limited knowledge on the factors, such as barriers and incentives, that can influence physical activity in this patient group.

Objective
The aim was to study the perception and experience of barriers to and incentives for physical activity in daily living in patients with schizophrenia, as reported by the patients themselves.

Design
An explorative study applying conventional qualitative content analysis was conducted.

Methods
A purposeful sample of 20 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (13 men, 7 women; 22–63 years of age) registered at 3 psychiatric outpatient clinics in Sweden were interviewed using semistructured interviews.

Results
The analysis resulted in 3 main themes: (1) barriers—factors that complicate or obstruct physical activity, (2) reward—the motivation for physical activity, and (3) helpful strategies.

Limitations
The results may not reflect important factors related to physical activity in older patients (&gt;65 years of age), newly diagnosed patients, or inpatients.

Conclusions
In accordance with patients' perceptions, there may be biopsychosocial determinants of physical activity behavior that are unique for this group of patients. Future studies should investigate whether physical activity interventions for patients with schizophrenia benefit from individual analyses of barriers and reward for physical activity in combination with the use of tailored strategies such as personal support and activity planning.
Affective disorders influence clinical outcomes after revision lumbar surgery in elderly patients with symptomatic adjacent-segment disease, recurrent stenosis, or pseudarthrosis
Authors: Adogwa Owoicho , Verla Terence , Thompson Paul , Penumaka Anirudh , Kudyba Katherine , Johnson Kwame , Fulchiero Erin , Miller Timothy , Hoang Kimberly B. , Cheng Joseph , Bagley Carlos A. 
Published: May 2014

Object
Depression and persistent low-back pain (LBP) are common and disabling problems in elderly patients (> 65 years old). Affective disorders, such as depression and anxiety, are also common in elderly patients, with a prevalence ranging from 4% to 16%. Depressive symptoms are consistently associated with functional disability. To date, few studies have assessed the predictive value of baseline depression on outcomes in the setting of revision spine surgery in elderly patients. Therefore, in this study, the authors assessed the predictive value of preoperative depression on 2-year postoperative outcomes.

Methods
A total of 69 patients undergoing revision neural decompression and instrumented fusion for adjacent-segment disease (ASD, n = 28), pseudarthrosis (n = 17), or same-level recurrent stenosis (n = 24) were included in this study. Preoperative Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZDS) scores were assessed for all patients. Preoperative and 2-year postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back pain (VAS-BP) and leg pain (VAS-LP) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were also assessed. The association between preoperative ZDS score and 2-year improvement in disability was assessed via multivariate regression analysis.

Results
Compared with preoperative status, 2-year postoperative VAS-BP was significantly improved after surgery for ASD (9 ± 2 vs 4.01 ± 2.56, respectively; p = 0.001), as were pseudarthrosis (7.41 ± 1 vs 5.0 ± 3.08, respectively; p = 0.02) and same-level recurrent stenosis (7 ± 2.00 vs 5.00 ± 2.34, respectively; p = 0.003). Two-year ODI was also significantly improved after surgery for ASD (29 ± 9 vs 23.10 ± 10.18, respectively; p = 0.001), as were pseudarthrosis (28.47 ± 5.85 vs 24.41 ± 7.75, respectively; p = 0.001) and same-level recurrent stenosis (30.83 ± 5.28 vs 26.29 ± 4.10, respectively; p = 0.003). Independent of other factors—age, body mass index, symptom duration, smoking, comorbidities, severity of preoperative pain, and disability—increasing preoperative ZDS score was significantly associated with lower 2-year improvement in disability (ODI) after revision surgery in elderly patients with symptomatic ASD, pseudarthrosis, or recurrent stenosis.

Conclusions
The extent of preoperative depression is an independent predictor of less functional improvement following revision lumbar surgery in elderly patients with symptomatic ASD, pseudarthrosis, or recurrent stenosis. Timely diagnosis and treatment of depression and somatic anxiety in this cohort of patients may contribute to improvement in postoperative functional status.
Comparison between virus Shedding and Fever Duration after Treating Children with Pandemic a H1N1/09 and Children with a H3N2 with a Neuraminidase Inhibitor
Authors: Sugaya Norio , Sakai-Tagawa Yuko , Bamba Masahiro , Yasuhara Rieko , Yamazaki Masahiko , Kawakami Chiharu , Yamaguchi Yoshio , Ide Yoshiaki , Ichikawa Masataka , Mitamura Keiko , Kawaoka Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2014

Background Shedding of the pandemic virus during an influenza pandemic is thought to persist longer than shedding of influenza viruses during annual influenza seasons, because people have much less immunity against a pandemic influenza. A correlation is thought to exist between the length of virus shedding and the clinical severity of influenza illness. Methods We compared the virus isolation rates of children with pandemic A H1N1/09 influenza infection and children with A H3N2 influenza infection after the patients had been treated with one of three neuraminidase inhibitors (NAI) such as peramivir, laninamivir and oseltamivir. The clinical effectiveness of each NAI was assessed on the basis of the duration of the febrile period after the start of treatment. Results Influenza viruses were isolated from 15 of the 34 patients in the A H3N2 group (mean age 6.2 years) and from 4 of the 25 patients in the A H1N1/09 (mean age 5.6 years) virus group (44.1% versus 16.0%; P<0.05). However, the differences between the duration of fever in the patients in the A H3N2 group and A H1N1/09 group after treatment with the NAIs were not significant. Conclusions The virus isolation rates after treatment with each of the NAIs were significantly lower in the A H1N1/09 group, suggesting that the pandemic A H1N1/09 virus was more sensitive to the NAIs than the seasonal A H3N2 virus was. Clinically, there were no significant differences in the effectiveness of the NAIs between the H1N1/09 infected group and H3N2 infected group.
Effectiveness of Emergency Argon Laser Retinopexy Performed by Trainee Physicians: 10 Years Later
Authors: Petrou Petros , Lett Kim Son 
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To reassess (10 years later) outcomes after treatment of retinal tears with argon laser photocoagulation by trainee physicians as an emergency procedure.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective case series analysis of 100 consecutive patients treated between September 2010 and September 2011 at a tertiary referral center, compared with the respective findings at the same institution during the period between August 2000 and December 2002.

RESULTS:

All patients underwent argon laser retinopexy in the casualty department by the on-call trainee. Forty patients (40%) needed further treatment in the form of slit lamp/indirect argon laser retinopexy or cryoretinopexy, and 58 patients (58%) received some vitreoretinal care. At final follow-up, all patients demonstrated anatomically attached retinas. The percentage needing further treatment was significantly increased compared to the relevant percentage 10 years earlier (
P
= .02).

CONCLUSION:
A significant proportion of patients required further treatment, and more than half of patients were referred to the vitreoretinal team. Over the years, trainees’ indirect ophthalmoscopy and laser retinopexy skills have become progressively inadequate. Further training of junior physicians on indirect laser retinopexy may improve patient care and reduce the inconvenience of repeated visits.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:194–196.]
Novel Techniques in Treating Calcaneal Tuberosity Fractures
Authors: Parekh Selene G , Bertrand Todd , Zura Robert , Adams Samuel , Yan Alan 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Calcaneal tuberosity fractures comprise only 1 to 2% of all calcaneal fractures. Treatment of these injuries has traditionally included open reduction and internal fixation with various means including lag screws, suture anchors and K-wires. We report on a series of cases treated with excision of the tuberosity fragment with repair of the Achilles tendon supplemented by a flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer.
Parekh S, Bertrand T, Zura R, Adams S, Yan A. Novel Techniques in Treating Calcaneal Tuberosity Fractures. The Duke Orthop J 2014;4(1):3-7.
Clinical Outcomes of First 100 Navigated Total Knee Arthroplasties at Duke University Medical Center
Authors: Bertrand Todd E 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Background
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most clinically successful and cost-effective interventions in medicine. Implant malalignment can be a cause of early failure following total knee arthroplasty. Computer-assisted surgery has been employed to improve the precision of component alignment.

Questions/purpose:
We asked (1) What is the average coronal plane alignment of the first 100 patients undergoing computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty at our institution? (2) How do our clinical and radiographic results compare to those values reported in the literature? (3) Was a ‘learning curve’ present as evidenced by improvements in coronal plane alignment over time?

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed our first 100 patients undergoing computer navigated total knee arthroplasty. We calculated postoperative knee range of motion (ROM), coronal alignment as well as preoperative and postoperative Knee Society Scores. Minimum follow-up was 4.3 years (0.2-8.25 years).

Results
Of the 100 patients, average postoperative limb alignment was 0.9° varus compared to the mechanical axis. Seventy-nine percent of patients had coronal plane alignment of ±3°. Knee Society Scores improved on average from 60 preoperatively (52-67) to 85 postoperatively (56-97).

Conclusion
Computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty is potentially a way to improve component alignment and overall patient satisfaction. In our cohort, average coronal alignment was similar to literature reported values for navigated and conventional total knee arthroplasty. The benefit of this technology remains unproven.

Level of evidence
Level IV
Bertrand TE, Bolognesi MP. Clinical Outcomes of First 100 Navigated Total Knee Arthroplasties at Duke University Medical Center. The Duke Orthop J 2014;4(1):13-18.
Total Hip Arthroplasty in Very Young Bone Marrow Transplant Patients
Authors: Wellman Samuel S , Ledford Cameron , Vap Alexander R 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Concerns remain about total hip arthroplasty (THA) performed in very young patients, especially those with complex medical history such as allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). This study retrospectively reviews the perioperative courses and functional outcomes of ABMT patients <21 years old undergoing primary uncemented THA. Nine THAs were performed in five ABMT patients at an average age of 19.7 years. The interval between ABMT and THA was 73.0 months with clinical follow-up of 25.8 months. Harris Hip Scores (HHS) increased dramatically from preoperatively 44.5 (31.1-53.4) to postoperatively 85.2 (72.0-96.0) and all patients subjectively reported a good (4 hips) to excellent (5 hips) overall outcome. There was one reoperation for periprosthetic fracture fixation but there were no infections or revisions performed. Despite the history of severe hematopoietic conditions requiring ABMT, these very young patients do appear to have improved pain and function following primary THA with short-term follow-up. These results are comparable to prior studies of adult ABMT patients undergoing THA and are encouraging given the complexity of the decision to perform hip arthroplasty in the medically complicated very young patient.
Ledford CK, Vap AR, Bolognesi MP, Wellman SS. Total Hip Arthroplasty in Very Young Bone Marrow Transplant Patients. The Duke Orthop J 2014;4(1):19-23.
Safety and Efficacy of Arthroscopic Volar Carpal Ganglion Excision: An Anatomic and Clinical Study
Authors: Wray Walter Harrill , Greenberg Jeffrey , Vella Josh C 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Arthroscopic ganglionectomy is a viable alternative to open treatment and has widely been applied to treatment of dorsal ganglion pathology. The technique of arthroscopic volar carpal ganglion excision has recently been developed, and there is little peer-reviewed clinical evidence detailing its safety and efficacy. This study aims to present our experience with the development and implementation of this technique.

Materials and methods
In the anatomic portion of the study, three cadaver arms were positioned for wrist arthroscopy and dissected to determine the distance between the volar capsule and adjacent vital structures. Ten axial wrist MRIs were reviewed to further define the distance between the volar capsule and adjacent vital structures.
In the clinical portion of the study, 15 patients (mean age 47 years) treated with arthroscopic volar carpal ganglion excision were evaluated. Final follow-up occurred at an average of 48 months (21-68 months). Fourteen patients completed a MHQ and 12 patients were able to return for clinical evaluation.

Results
The wrist dissection and the MRI both showed the radial artery, FPL and FCR to all be within 1 cm of the working area. The radial artery was adjacent to the capsule and at risk when the capsule was approached from the 6 R portal.
Clinically, there was a small but significant difference in the Michigan Hand Questionnaire scores between the operative and nonoperative wrists postoperatively (93.3 vs 98.5, p = 0.004). There was one recurrence (6.7%), not requiring further surgery, and 1 complication (6.7%), which did require a secondary procedure. Mean time to return to work was 11.2 days (1-91 days, N = 11). Mean time to return to maximum function was 5.6 weeks (N = 11). There was a significant difference in mean wrist extension of the operative vs nonoperative wrist (58.8 vs 66.3°, p = 0.01, N = 12). There was no significant difference in mean flexion of the operative vs nonoperative wrist (71.7 vs 71.3°, p = 0.7, N = 11) or grip strength between operative and nonoperative wrists (31.8 vs 34.9 kg, p = 0.06, N = 12).

Conclusion
This small anatomic and clinical series demonstrates that arthroscopic volar carpal ganglion excision is a safe and effective procedure with a low recurrence rate. We no longer use the 6R portal when excising volar carpal ganglions.

Level of evidence
IV therapeutic
Wray WH, Greenberg J, Vella JC. Safety and Efficacy of Arthroscopic Volar Carpal Ganglion Excision: An Anatomic and Clinical Study. The Duke Orthop J 2014;4(1):27-32.
An Investigation of Somali Women’s Beliefs, Practices, and Attitudes about Health, Health Promoting Behaviours and Cancer Prevention
Authors: Francis S. A. , Griffith F. M. , Leser K. A. 
Published: May 2014

This pilot study examined Somali women's perception of health/access to care, examined their knowledge and attitudes about cancer prevention, and discussed strategies to improve service provision and education. Using a multidisciplinary approach, twelve face-to-face interviews were conducted with Somali women ages 18 and older, residing in a mid-western city. Open coding was used to categorize and reflect the interview statements and to identify reoccurring themes. Somali women are concerned about a variety of health issues and cited the role of culture and religion in developing prevention strategies. Participants emphasized the use of religious leaders, health care advocates, oral traditions, and translators in providing culturally appropriate health care services. Religion and culture play a prominent role in the Somali community and impact beliefs about health and wellness. Health practitioners need to work closely with individuals and community leaders to tailor services that are culturally appropriate and accessible.
Diferencias en felicidad general entre las personas sin hogar en Madrid (España)
Authors: Panadero Sonia , Vázquez José Juan , Guillén Ana Isabel , Martín Rosa María , Cabrera Héctor 
Published: May 2014

El trabajo analiza diferentes aspectos relacionados con la felicidad general manifestada por una muestra representativa de las personas sin hogar en Madrid (España), un colectivo de difícil acceso, fuertemente estigmatizado, que vive en situación de extrema pobreza. La muestra se encuentra compuesta por 235 personas sin hogar, mayores de edad, que la noche anterior a la realización de la entrevista habían pernoctado en un albergue para personas sin hogar, en la calle o en otros lugares no diseñados inicialmente para dormir, o que en el momento de la entrevista se encontraran en dispositivos de alojamiento supervisados para personas sin hogar. La información se recogió a través de una entrevista estructurada heteroaplicada. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que cerca de la mitad de las personas sin hogar en Madrid manifestaba ser feliz, observándose que los elementos que en mayor medida ayudan a predecir felicidad general entre las personas sin hogar fueron no sentirse solos o abandonados, no padecer discapacidad o minusvalía, no tener ninguna enfermedad grave o crónica, tener buenas expectativas de futuro, identificarse con alguna creencia religiosa y tener una percepción positiva del propio estado de salud.
Homicidios en la Alcaldía Mayor de Sonsonate, 1786-1820: un acercamiento a las motivaciones de violencia
Authors: Linares Acevedo Josselin Ivettee 
Published: May 2014

En la actualidad los homicidios son un tema bastante discutido en El Salvador, lo que no se sabe es que este delito ha estado presente en todas las épocas del país, un caso interesante es el de la Alcaldía Mayor de Sonsonate, que para finales del periodo colonial contaba con una cantidad considerable de asesinatos. Estos se daban por diferentes motivaciones que hacían cambiar, en muchas ocasiones, los comportamientos de los individuos, creando actitudes violentas ante cualquier situación que, según ellos, ameritaba tal comportamiento. Las motivaciones que provocaron este delito, en su mayoría estuvieron estrechamente relacionadas con la embriaguez. Además, el honor, las pasiones y la defensa propia representaron los motivos más sobresalientes para cometer el crimen. No dejando de lado aquellos crímenes por deudas, los que se dieron dentro de los hogares-esposos que asesinaron a sus mujeres- y los que no tuvieron ningún motivo: los accidentales. Este delito era considerado uno de los más graves y conmovieron a la sociedad de aquella época. Los indios eran considerados los más propensos a cometer homicidios, según las autoridades la ignorancia era el factor clave para generar actitudes como éstas.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rpsp.v1i1.1393
How will market orientation and external environmnet influence the performance among SMEs in the agri-food sector in Malaysia?
Authors: Abd Aziz Norzalita , Mohd Yasin Norjaya 
Published: May 2014

Abstract Many researchers have explored the relationship between market orientation and firm performance in manufacturing and services industries but such studies in agri-food SMEs are scarce. Previous research conducted has conceptually and empirically supported the notion that market orientation independently or collectively have positive correlations with the business performance of organization (such as Narver and Slater, 1990; Jaworski and Kohli, 1993; Lee and Peterson, 2000). The aim of this paper is to examine the marketing practices and the marketing orientation-business performance relationship among SMEs in agri-food sector in Malaysia. This study also investigated the role of the external environment in the market orientation-performance linkage. From an analysis of a survey data of 102 agri- food organizations, three dimensions namely customer-competitor orientation, inter-functional coordination and information dissemination extracted from factor analysis result of market orientation. The study revealed that customer-competitor orientation and information dissemination were positively related to business performance. In terms of the role of external environment, two dimensions produced by factor analysis, market-technology turbulence and competitive intensity did not moderate the relationship between market orientation and business performance. Findings are discussed and implications are highlighted. Keywords: Market Orientation, External Environment, Business Performance
Gaming of Strategy--Strategic Realignment of Chinese Dairy Industry
Authors: Shan Liqin , An Jinzhao 
Published: May 2014

Over the past ten-odd years, the dizzying prosperity and rapid development achieved in Chinese Dairy Industrial t actually covered up a fundamental defect concerning the strategy, which eventually led to the "Melamine Event”. Today, the troubled waters have been poured oil on, but it still needs time to be recovered. China's Dairy Industry, which suffered heavy losses and casualties, is about to seek for a transformation and will have to help himself out of the crisis. This paper will apply the game theory of "Prisoner's Dilemma" case to reflect the strategic defects appeared in the early dairy industrial development, with the combination of the new changes in the dairy industrial development environment after "Melamine Event”, it also points out that the key to revitalize the domestic dairy enterprises is to put the emphasis on the nature of the dairy industry itself, to return to consumers standard, to try to establish the undifferentiated marketing strategy and differentiated marketing strategy system.