bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and accuracy of mobile QT interval monitoring strategies in bedaquiline‐enhanced prophylactic leprosy treatment
Authors: Bergeman Auke T. , Nourdine Said , Piubello Alberto , Salim Zahara , Braet Sofie M. , Baco Abdallah , Grillone Silahi H. , Snijders Rian , Hoof Carolien , Tsoumanis Achilleas , van Loen Harry , Assoumani Younoussa , Mzembaba Aboubacar , Ortuño‐Gutiérrez Nimer , Hasker Epco , van der Werf Christian , de Jong Bouke C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSome anti‐mycobacterial drugs are known to cause QT interval prolongation, potentially leading to life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmia. However, the highest leprosy and tuberculosis burden occurs in settings where electrocardiographic monitoring is challenging. The feasibility and accuracy of alternative strategies, such as the use of automated measurements or a mobile electrocardiogram (mECG) device, have not been evaluated in this context. As part of the phase II randomized controlled BE‐PEOPLE trial evaluating the safety of bedaquiline‐enhanced post‐exposure prophylaxis (bedaquiline and rifampicin, BE‐PEP, versus rifampicin, SDR‐PEP) for leprosy, all participants had corrected QT intervals (QTc) measured at baseline and on the day after receiving post‐exposure prophylaxis. The accuracy of mECG measurements as well as automated 12L‐ECG measurements was evaluated. In total, 635 mECGs from 323 participants were recorded, of which 616 (97%) were of sufficient quality for QTc measurement. Mean manually read QTc on 12L‐ECG and mECG were 394 ± 19 and 385 ± 18 ms, respectively (p < 0.001), with a strong correlation (r = 0.793). The mean absolute QTc difference between both modalities was 11 ± 10 ms. Mean manual and automated 12L‐ECG QTc were 394 ± 19 and 409 ± 19 ms, respectively (n = 636; p < 0.001), corresponding to moderate agreement (r = 0.655). The use of a mECG device for QT interval monitoring was feasible and yielded a median absolute QTc error of 8 ms. Automated QTc measurements were less accurate, yielding longer QTc intervals.
Three‐dimensional anatomic features of the mitral valve that predict systolic anterior motion occurring during dobutamine stress echocardiography
Authors: Meimoun Patrick , Kacy Vanessa , Vernier Agathe , Stracchi Valentin , Elmkies Frederic , Botoro Thierry , Clerc Jerome , Tribouilloy Christophe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground/AimLeft ventricular outflow tract obstruction related to systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve is a common complication of dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE). However, the mechanisms underlying SAM have not been fully characterized. The objective of the present study was to use three‐dimensional echocardiography to identify anatomic features of the mitral valve that predispose to SAM during DSE.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients included prospectively in our database and who had undergone 3D echocardiography (including an assessment of the mitral valve) before DSE. Patients who had developed SAM during DSE (the SAM+ group) were matched 2:3 with patients who did not (the SAM− group).ResultsOne hundred patients were included (mean age: 67 ± 10). Compared with SAM− patients (n = 60), SAM+ patients (n = 40) had a lower mitral annular area, a smaller perimeter, and a smaller diameter (p < .01 for all, except the anteroposterior diameter). The SAM+ group had also a narrower mitral‐aortic angle (126 ± 12° vs. 139 ± 11° in the SAM− group; p < .01) and a higher posterior mitral leaflet length (1.4 ± .27 cm vs. 1.25 ± .29, respectively; p < .01). Furthermore, the mitral annulus was more spherical, more flexible, and more dynamic in SAM+ patients than in SAM− patients (p < .05 for all). In a multivariate analysis of anatomic variables, the mitral‐aortic angle, the mitral annular area, and posterior leaflet length were independent predictors of SAM (p ≤ .01 for all). In a multivariate analysis of standard echo and hemodynamic variables, the presence of wall motion abnormalities at rest (p < .01) was an independent predictor of SAM.ConclusionSAM during DSE is multifactorial. In addition to the pharmacologic effects of dobutamine on the myocardium, 3D echocardiographic features of the mitral valve (a smaller mitral annulus, a narrower mitral‐aortic angle, and a longer posterior leaflet) appear to predispose to SAM.
Mechanisms of coexistence: Exploring species sorting and character displacement in woody plants to alleviate belowground competition
Authors: Veresoglou Stavros D. , Xi Jingjing , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRarely do we observe competitive exclusion within plant communities, even though plants compete for a limited pool of resources. Thus, our understanding of the mechanisms sustaining plant biodiversity might be limited. In this study, we explore two common ecological strategies, species sorting and character displacement, that promote coexistence by reducing competition. We assess the degree to which woody plants may implement these two strategies to lower belowground competition for nutrients which occurs via nutritional (mostly mycorrhizal) mutualisms. First, we compile data on plant traits and the mycorrhizal association state of woody angiosperms using a global inventory of indigenous flora. Our analysis reveals that species in locations with high mycorrhizal diversity exhibit distinct mean values in leaf area and wood density based on their mycorrhizal type, indicating species sorting. Second, we reanalyse a large dataset on leaf area to demonstrate that in areas with high mycorrhizal diversity, trees maintain divergent leaf area values, showcasing character displacement. Character displacement among plants is considered rare, making our observation significant. In summary, our study uncovers a rare occurrence of character displacement and identifies a common mechanism employed by plants to alleviate competition, shedding light on the complexities of plant coexistence in diverse ecosystems.
Uses of antiseizure medication among pregnant women with epilepsy and risk of adverse obstetric outcomes: A group‐based trajectory analysis
Authors: Lin Yi‐Chin , Lin Chih‐Wan , Meng Lin‐Chieh , Huang Shih‐Tsung , Chen Yi‐Yung , Wang Shuu‐Jiun , Chan K. Arnold , Hsiao Fei‐Yuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to examine the association between different patterns of antiseizure medication (ASM) use during pregnancy and adverse obstetric outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight [LBW], and small for gestational age [SGA]).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used the Birth Certificate Application and National Health Insurance data in Taiwan (January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2018). We retrieved weekly ASM among pregnant women with epilepsy who were prepregnancy chronic users and used group‐based trajectory modeling to identify distinct patterns of use. Logistic regressions were adopted to examine the association between patterns of ASM use and risk of preterm birth, LBW, and SGA. In addition, we revealed postnatal ASM utilization pattern among these prepregnancy chronic users as an exploratory study.ResultsOf 2175 pregnant women with epilepsy, we identified four patterns of ASM use during pregnancy: frequent and continuous (64.87%), frequent but discontinuous (7.08%), intermittent (19.72%), and intermittent and discontinuous users (8.32%). Compared to frequent and continuous users, the adjusted odds ratios for preterm birth in frequent but discontinuous, intermittent, and intermittent and discontinuous users were .83 (95% confidence interval [CI] = .47–1.48), .71 (95% CI = .47–1.05), and .88 (95% CI = .52–1.49), respectively. Similar results were observed for LBW and SGA. In the exploratory study, we found that most of our study subjects maintained the same patterns before and after delivery.SignificanceAfter considering duration and timing of exposure, our study did not find an association between four distinct patterns of ASM use and adverse obstetric outcomes among women with epilepsy. The findings suggested that optimal seizure control could be received for pregnant women with epilepsy after evaluating the risks and benefits.
Automated detection of tonic seizures using wearable movement sensor and artificial neural network
Authors: Larsen Sidsel Armand , Johansen Daniel Højrup , Beniczky Sándor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough several validated wearable devices are available for detection of generalized tonic–clonic seizures, automated detection of tonic seizures is still a challenge. In this phase 1 study, we report development and validation of an artificial neural network (ANN) model for automated detection of tonic seizures with visible clinical manifestation using a wearable wristband movement sensor (accelerometer and gyroscope). The dataset prospectively recorded for this study included 70 tonic seizures from 15 patients (seven males, age 3–46 years, median = 19 years). We trained an ANN model to detect tonic seizures. The independent test dataset comprised nocturnal recordings, including 10 tonic seizures from three patients and additional (distractor) data from three subjects without seizures. The ANN model detected nocturnal tonic seizures with visible clinical manifestation with a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval = 69%–100%) and with an average false alarm rate of .16/night. The mean detection latency was 14.1 s (median = 10 s), with a maximum of 47 s. These data suggest that nocturnal tonic seizures can be reliably detected with movement sensors using ANN. Large‐scale, multicenter prospective (phase 3) trials are needed to provide compelling evidence for the clinical utility of this device and detection algorithm.
Subjective cognitive decline and objective cognitive performance in older adults: A systematic review of longitudinal and cross‐sectional studies
Authors: Zhou Carl , Jeryous Fares Bassam , Thériault Kim , Trinh Brian , Joseph Morgan , Jauhal Tegh , Sheppard Christine , Labelle Patrick R. , Krishnan Anjali , Rabin Laura , Taler Vanessa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOlder adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) have a higher risk of developing future cognitive decline than those without SCD. However, the association between SCD and objective cognitive performance remains unclear. This PRISMA 2020‐compliant systematic review aims to provide a qualitative assessment of the longitudinal and cross‐sectional relationship between SCD and objective cognitive performance in different cognitive domains, in neuropsychologically healthy, community‐dwelling older adults (average age of 55 or older). To identify pertinent studies, a comprehensive search was conducted from seven databases. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross‐Sectional Studies was used to assess the quality of included studies. Inclusion criteria were met by 167 studies, which were full‐text and published between 1 January 1982 and 16 May 2023 (inclusive) in the languages of English, French, or Spanish and presenting data on objective cognitive performance in older adults with SCD. Overall, we found that SCD was associated with poorer objective cognitive performance on measures of global cognition and memory longitudinally compared to non‐SCD status, but this association was inconsistent in cross‐sectional studies. This association became stronger with the use of continuous measures of SCD as opposed to dichotomous measures. Additionally, results highlight the known lack of consistency in SCD assessment among studies and comparatively small number of longitudinal studies in SCD research.
Empowering nurses to champion Health equity & BE FAIR: Bias elimination for fair and responsible AI in healthcare
Authors: Cary Michael P. , Bessias Sophia , McCall Jonathan , Pencina Michael J. , Grady Siobahn D. , Lytle Kay , Economou‐Zavlanos Nicoleta J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe concept of health equity by design encompasses a multifaceted approach that integrates actions aimed at eliminating biased, unjust, and correctable differences among groups of people as a fundamental element in the design of algorithms. As algorithmic tools are increasingly integrated into clinical practice at multiple levels, nurses are uniquely positioned to address challenges posed by the historical marginalization of minority groups and its intersections with the use of “big data” in healthcare settings; however, a coherent framework is needed to ensure that nurses receive appropriate training in these domains and are equipped to act effectively.PurposeWe introduce the Bias Elimination for Fair AI in Healthcare (BE FAIR) framework, a comprehensive strategic approach that incorporates principles of health equity by design, for nurses to employ when seeking to mitigate bias and prevent discriminatory practices arising from the use of clinical algorithms in healthcare. By using examples from a “real‐world” AI governance framework, we aim to initiate a wider discourse on equipping nurses with the skills needed to champion the BE FAIR initiative.MethodsDrawing on principles recently articulated by the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, we conducted a critical examination of the concept of health equity by design. We also reviewed recent literature describing the risks of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in healthcare as well as their potential for advancing health equity. Building on this context, we describe the BE FAIR framework, which has the potential to enable nurses to take a leadership role within health systems by implementing a governance structure to oversee the fairness and quality of clinical algorithms. We then examine leading frameworks for promoting health equity to inform the operationalization of BE FAIR within a local AI governance framework.ResultsThe application of the BE FAIR framework within the context of a working governance system for clinical AI technologies demonstrates how nurses can leverage their expertise to support the development and deployment of clinical algorithms, mitigating risks such as bias and promoting ethical, high‐quality care powered by big data and AI technologies.Conclusion and RelevanceAs health systems learn how well‐intentioned clinical algorithms can potentially perpetuate health disparities, we have an opportunity and an obligation to do better. New efforts empowering nurses to advocate for BE FAIR, involving them in AI governance, data collection methods, and the evaluation of tools intended to reduce bias, mark important steps in achieving equitable healthcare for all.
Interleukin‐6 and interferon‐alpha differentially regulate microglia function
Authors: Verdillo Rovin , Spiteri Alanna , Viengkhou Barney , Wishart Claire , King Nicholas J. C. , Hofer Markus J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrevious reports have shown that IL‐6 and IFN‐⍺ induce distinct transcriptomic and morphological changes in microglia. Here, we demonstrate that IL‐6 increases tissue surveillance, migration and phagocytosis in primary murine microglia, whereas IFN‐⍺ inhibits these functions. Our results provide a crucial link between transcriptome and function. It holds the potential to serve as the foundation for future studies aimed at identifying therapeutic targets for cytokine‐mediated neuroinflammatory diseases.
Cognitive profile in burning mouth syndrome versus mild cognitive impairment: A comparative study
Authors: Femminella Grazia Daniela , Canfora Federica , Musella Gennaro , Di Tella Gianluca Scotto , Ugga Lorenzo , Pecoraro Giuseppe , Leuci Stefania , Coppola Noemi , De Lucia Natascia , Maldonato Nelson Mauro , Liguori Simone , Aria Massimo , D'Aniello Luca , Rengo Giuseppe , Mignogna Michele Davide , Adamo Daniela 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to assess and contrast cognitive and psychological aspects of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS‐MCI) and geriatric patients (G‐MCI) with mild cognitive impairment, focusing on potential predictors like pain, mood disorders, blood biomarkers, and age‐related white matter changes (ARWMCs).MethodsThe study enrolled 40 BMS‐MCI and 40 geriatric G‐MCI, matching them by age, gender, and educational background. Participants underwent psychological, sleepiness, and cognitive assessment including the Mini‐Mental State Exam (MMSE), Trail Making Test (TMT), Corsi Block‐Tapping Task, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Copying Geometric Drawings Test, Frontal Assessment Battery, and Digit Cancellation Test.ResultsG‐MCI patients exhibited higher ARWMCs scores in right (p = 0.005**) and left (p < 0.001**) temporal regions, which may relate to specific neurodegenerative processes. Conversely, BMS‐MCI patients showed higher levels of depression and anxiety and lower MMSE scores(p < 0.001**), also struggling more with tasks requiring processing speed and executive function, as evidenced by their higher TMT‐A scores (p < 0.001**).ConclusionsThe study highlights particular deficits in global cognition and processing speed for BMS‐MCI. The influence of educational background, pain levels, cholesterol, sleep disturbances, and anxiety on these cognitive assessments underscores the need for personalized therapeutic strategies addressing both cognitive and emotional aspects of MCI.
Neoliberal Nationalism in Television Commercials: Discursive Representations of Exploring and Entrepreneurial Indonesians
Authors: Nugroho Stefani 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe article examines the intertwinement of neoliberalism with nationalism and the new conceptualizations of Indonesianness that it generates. The principles of the two paradigms are often seen as antitheses, but this article shows that the growing neoliberal ideas and practices have informed notions of the nation and Indonesianness. The conjunction of the two paradigms indicates a shift in Indonesia, where until 1998, the state portrayed neoliberal principles as un‐Indonesian. Examining 212 nationalistic television commercials aired between 2005 and 2021, two discourses of Indonesianness can be identified. The first depicts Indonesians as passionately productive and entrepreneurial people, and the second frames the partaking in the marketization and promotion of exotic cultural diversity as acts of nationalism. These discourses reflect the growing acceptance of neoliberal values, especially among the middle class. Despite the relatively new conjunction of neoliberalism and nationalism, these new imaginings continue to build on the older state's discourse that excludes socio‐economic and ethnic minorities. Thus, diverging from the vision of a democratic post‐authoritarian Indonesia, this point of convergence between nationalism and neoliberalism continues to marginalize minorities.
Computational framework for the generation of one‐dimensional vascular models accounting for uncertainty in networks extracted from medical images
Authors: Bartolo Michelle A. , Taylor‐LaPole Alyssa M. , Gandhi Darsh , Johnson Alexandria , Li Yaqi , Slack Emma , Stevens Isaiah , Turner Zachary G. , Weigand Justin D. , Puelz Charles , Husmeier Dirk , Olufsen Mette S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOne‐dimensional (1D) cardiovascular models offer a non‐invasive method to answer medical questions, including predictions of wave‐reflection, shear stress, functional flow reserve, vascular resistance and compliance. This model type can predict patient‐specific outcomes by solving 1D fluid dynamics equations in geometric networks extracted from medical images. However, the inherent uncertainty in in vivo imaging introduces variability in network size and vessel dimensions, affecting haemodynamic predictions. Understanding the influence of variation in image‐derived properties is essential to assess the fidelity of model predictions. Numerous programs exist to render three‐dimensional surfaces and construct vessel centrelines. Still, there is no exact way to generate vascular trees from the centrelines while accounting for uncertainty in data. This study introduces an innovative framework employing statistical change point analysis to generate labelled trees that encode vessel dimensions and their associated uncertainty from medical images. To test this framework, we explore the impact of uncertainty in 1D haemodynamic predictions in a systemic and pulmonary arterial network. Simulations explore haemodynamic variations resulting from changes in vessel dimensions and segmentation; the latter is achieved by analysing multiple segmentations of the same images. Results demonstrate the importance of accurately defining vessel radii and lengths when generating high‐fidelity patient‐specific haemodynamics models.
imageKey points
This study introduces novel algorithms for generating labelled directed trees from medical images, focusing on accurate junction node placement and radius extraction using change points to provide haemodynamic predictions with uncertainty within expected measurement error.
Geometric features, such as vessel dimension (length and radius) and network size, significantly impact pressure and flow predictions in both pulmonary and aortic arterial networks.
Standardizing networks to a consistent number of vessels is crucial for meaningful comparisons and decreases haemodynamic uncertainty.
Change points are valuable to understanding structural transitions in vascular data, providing an automated and efficient way to detect shifts in vessel characteristics and ensure reliable extraction of representative vessel radii.
Viral and thermal lysis facilitates transmission of antibiotic resistance genes during composting
Authors: Ai Chaofan , Cui Peng , Liu Chen , Wu Jiawei , Xu Yuan , Liang Xiaolong , Yang Qiu-e , Tang Xiang , Zhou Shungui , Liao Hanpeng , Friman Ville-Petri 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

While the distribution of extracellular ARGs (eARGs) in the environment has been widely reported, the factors governing their release remain poorly understood. Here, we combined multi-omics and direct experimentation to test whether the release and transmission of eARGs are associated with viral lysis and heat during cow manure composting. Our results reveal that the proportion of eARGs increased 2.7-fold during composting, despite a significant and concomitant reduction in intracellular ARG abundances. This relative increase of eARGs was driven by composting temperature and viral lysis of ARG-carrying bacteria based on metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) analysis. Notably, thermal lysis of mesophilic bacteria carrying ARGs was a key factor in releasing eARGs at the thermophilic phase, while viral lysis played a relatively stronger role during the non-thermal phase of composting. Furthermore, MAG-based tracking of ARGs in combination with direct transformation experiments demonstrated that eARGs released during composting pose a potential transmission risk. Our study provides bioinformatic and experimental evidence of the undiscovered role of temperature and viral lysis in co-driving the spread of ARGs in compost microbiomes via the horizontal transfer of environmentally released DNA.

IMPORTANCE
The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a critical global health concern. Understanding the factors influencing the release of extracellular ARGs (eARGs) is essential for developing effective strategies. In this study, we investigated the association between viral lysis, heat, and eARG release during composting. Our findings revealed a substantial increase in eARGs despite reduced intracellular ARG abundance. Composting temperature and viral lysis were identified as key drivers, with thermal lysis predominant during the thermophilic phase and viral lysis during non-thermal phases. Moreover, eARGs released during composting posed a transmission risk through horizontal gene transfer. This study highlights the significance of temperature and phage lysis in ARG spread, providing valuable insights for mitigating antibiotic resistance threats.