bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ischemic time is a better predictor than door‐to‐balloon time for mortality and infarct size in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Solhpour Amirreza , Chang Kay‐Won , Arain Salman A. , Balan Prakash , Loghin Catalin , McCarthy James J. , Vernon Anderson H. , Smalling Richard W. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundCurrent guidelines for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) recommend early revascularization with optimal ischemic time (IT) < 120 min and door‐to‐balloon (D2B) time < 90 min. The focus of most studies has been D2B time, while IT is not frequently reported. We tested the hypothesis that total IT is a better predictor than D2B time for mortality and infarct size.Methods and ResultsBetween December 2008 and April 2013, 786 patients with STEMI were treated in our STEMI center, and 262 of these had cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 3–5 days after the index event. Total IT was defined as time from symptom onset to device activation, while D2B time was defined as hospital arrival to device activation. Patients were divided into three groups according to IT (<120, 120–239, ≥240 min) and into four groups according to D2B time (<30, 30–59, 60–89, ≥90 min). Baseline demographics including age, cardiac risk factors, and LAD infarct location were similar between groups. The 30‐day mortality rate significantly increased across IT groups but did not correlate with D2B time groups. Similarly, infarct size significantly increased across IT groups but did not correlate with D2B time groups.ConclusionsIn STEMI patients, IT was a better predictor than D2B time for 30‐day mortality and infarct size. Our findings suggest that the focus of STEMI care should be directed at early initiation of therapy and minimizing IT rather than on D2B time alone. The potential impact of IT reporting in current STEMI registries merits further consideration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
P16 and HPV discordance in metastatic carcinoma of cervical lymph nodes of unknown primary
Authors: Ralph Alyssa , Meyer Andrew , Sirota Ronald , Hooberman Arthur 
Published: September 2015

Key Clinical MessageThe prognostic utility of HPV in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and non‐OPSCC as has been well documented. Currently, a standardized IHC scoring system does not exist and is needed to define HPV positivity. We have recently seen a patient that provides a caution in using p16 status as a diagnostic aid.
Tongue fasciculations in an infant with spinal muscular atrophy type 1
Authors: Giannopoulou Eleni Z. , Martin Thomas , Wirth Brunhilde , Yilmaz Umut , Gortner Ludwig , Meyer Sascha 
Published: September 2015

Key Clinical MessageMuscular hypotonia in infants may be associated with several conditions, such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). We report on an infant with tongue fasciculations and a rare mutation of the SMN1 gene. The presence of tongue fasciculations in combination with a thorough history may be suggestive of SMA.
Aplasia cutis congenita: a conservative approach of a case with large, extensive skin, and underlying skull defect
Authors: Rocha Dalila , Rodrigues Joana , Marques Jorge Sales , Pinto Rui , Gomes Anabela 
Published: September 2015

Key Clinical MessageAplasia cutis congenita is a disease in which skin, bone, and dura mater can be absent. In majority of the cases it affects the scalp. We report a baby girl born at term with a large scalp and skull defect measuring 9 × 10 cm. Conservative treatment led to complete epithelization.
Porous Carbon Supports: Recent Advances with Various Morphologies and Compositions
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Zhu Huiyuan , Dai Sheng 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe importance of porous carbon as the support material is well recognized in the catalysis community, and it would be even more attractive if several characteristics are considered, such as the stability in acidic and basic media or the ease of noble metal recovery through complete burn off. Because it is still difficult to obtain constant properties even from batch to batch, activated carbons are not popular in industrial catalysis now. During the past decade, the rapid development of nanotechnology has boosted the carbon field, and a number of novel carbons with unique morphologies (such as carbon nanospheres, graphene or sheet‐like carbon, and ordered mesoporous carbon) and composites (such as nitrogen‐doped carbon and carbon nitride) are emerging, which at the same time greatly benefit heterogeneous catalysis. Metal nanoparticles or metal oxides supported on those carbon supports resulted in interesting and exceptional performances in various catalytic processes, such as selective oxidations, hydrogenations, and oxygen reduction reactions. In this contribution, we review recent progress of porous carbon supports with different morphologies and compositions.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis towards the Active Agent Travoprost
Authors: Holec Claudia , Sandkuhl Diana , Rother Dörte , Kroutil Wolfgang , Pietruszka Jörg 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe antiglaucoma agent travoprost, which is an analogue of the prostaglandin PGF2α, was synthesized by means of a three‐component coupling utilizing chemoenzymatically generated building blocks in high enantiopurity.
Onion‐Like Graphene Carbon Nanospheres as Stable Catalysts for Carbon Monoxide and Methane Chlorination
Authors: Centi Gabriele , Barbera Katia , Perathoner Siglinda , Gupta Navneet K. , Ember Erika E. , Lercher Johannes A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThermal treatment induces a modification in the nanostructure of carbon nanospheres that generates ordered hemi‐fullerene‐type graphene shells arranged in a concentric onion‐type structure. The catalytic reactivity of these structures is studied in comparison with that of the parent carbon material. The change in the surface reactivity induced by the transformation of the nanostructure, characterized by TEM, XRD, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, and porosity measurements, is investigated by multipulses of Cl2 in inert gas or in the presence of CH4 or CO. The strained CC bonds (sp2‐type) in the hemi‐fullerene‐type graphene shells induce unusually strong, but reversible, chemisorption of Cl2 in molecular form. The active species in CH4 and CO chlorination is probably in the radical‐like form. Highly strained CC bonds in the parent carbon materials react irreversibly with Cl2, inhibiting further reaction with CO. In addition, the higher presence of sp3‐type defect sites promotes the formation of HCl with deactivation of the reactive CC sites. The nano‐ordering of the hemi‐fullerene‐type graphene thus reduces the presence of defects and transforms strained CC bonds, resulting in irreversible chemisorption of Cl2 to catalytic sites able to perform selective chlorination.
Noninvasive Nanoscopy Uncovers the Impact of the Hierarchical Porous Structure on the Catalytic Activity of Single Dealuminated Mordenite Crystals
Authors: Kubarev Alexey V. , Janssen Kris P. F. , Roeffaers Maarten B. J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSpatial restrictions around catalytic sites, provided by molecular‐sized micropores, are beneficial to reaction selectivity but also inherently limit diffusion. The molecular transport can be enhanced by introducing meso‐ and macropores. However, the impact of this extraframework porosity on the local nanoscale reactivity is relatively unexplored. Herein we show that the area of enhanced reactivity in hierarchical zeolite, examined with super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy, is spatially restricted to narrow zones around meso‐ and macropores, as observed with focused ion‐beam‐assisted scanning electron microscopy. This comparison indicates that reagent molecules efficiently reach catalytic active sites only in the micropores surrounding extraframework porosity and that extensive macroporosity does not warrant optimal reactivity distribution throughout a hierarchical porous zeolite.
Chlorination‐Promoted Skeletal‐Cage Transformations of C88 Fullerene by C2 Losses and a CC Bond Rotation
Authors: Yang Shangfeng , Wei Tao , Scheurell Kerstin , Kemnitz Erhard , Troyanov Sergey I. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHigh‐temperature chlorination of fullerene C88 (isomer 33) with VCl4 gives rise to skeletal transformations affording several nonclassical (NC) fullerene chlorides, C86(NC1)Cl24/26 and C84(NC2)Cl26, with one and two heptagons, respectively, in the carbon cages. The branched skeletal transformation including C2 losses as well as a Stone–Wales rearrangement has been comprehensively characterized by the structure determination of two intermediates and three final chlorination products. Quantum‐chemical calculations demonstrate that the average energy of the CCl bond is significantly increased in chlorides of nonclassical fullerenes with a large number of chlorinated sites of pentagon–pentagon adjacency.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Zeolitic Strong Solid Bases: A Family of Alkaline‐Earth Metal‐Containing Silicalite‐1
Authors: Zhou Yu , Jin Yanhua , Wang Meng , Zhang Wei , Xie Jingyan , Gu Jing , Wen Haimeng , Wang Jun , Peng Luming 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFabricating stable strong basic sites in well‐preserved crystallized zeolitic frameworks still remains a difficult issue. Here, we reported a family of MFI‐type metallosilicate zeolites, AeS‐1 (Ae: alkaline‐earth metal ions of Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba; S‐1: silicalite‐1) through a direct one‐pot hydrothermal method involving the acidic co‐hydrolysis/condensation of the silica precursor with the Ae salts. Step‐by‐step full characterizations were designed and conducted for in‐depth discussion of the Ae status in AeS‐1. Strong basicity (H_≈22.5–26.5) was detected in AeS‐1. The basicity was further confirmed by CO2 sorption measurements, 13C NMR spectra of chloroform‐adsorbed samples, and 1H→13C and 1H→29Si cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning NMR spectra of ethyl cyanoacetate‐adsorbed samples. The results of Knoevenagel condensations demonstrated the excellent solid base catalysis of AeS‐1, which showed high activity, reusability, and shape‐selectivity, all of which are explained by Ae‐derived zeolitic intracrystalline strong basic sites.
Ansa‐Complexes of [Mn(η5‐C5H5)(η6‐C6H6)]: Preparation, Characterization, and Reactivity of [n]Manganoarenophanes (n=1, 2, 3)
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Damme Alexander , Dück Klaus , Fuß Marco , Hörl Christian , Kramer Thomas , Krummenacher Ivo , Kupfer Thomas , Paprocki Valerie , Schneider Christoph 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe report the synthesis of [n]manganoarenophanes (n=1, 2) featuring boron, silicon, germanium, and tin as ansa‐bridging elements. Their preparation was achieved by salt‐elimination reactions of the dilithiated precursor [Mn(η5‐C5H4Li)(η6‐C6H5Li)]⋅pmdta (pmdta=N,N,N′,N′,N′′‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine) with corresponding element dichlorides. Besides characterization by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, the identity of two single‐atom‐bridged derivatives, [Mn(η5‐C5H4)(η6‐C6H5)SntBu2] and [Mn(η5‐C5H4)(η6‐C6H5)SiPh2], could also be determined by X‐ray structural analysis. We investigated for the first time the reactivity of these ansa‐cyclopentadienyl–benzene manganese compounds. The reaction of the distannyl‐bridged complex [Mn(η5‐C5H4)(η6‐C6H5)Sn2tBu4] with elemental sulfur was shown to proceed through the expected oxidative addition of the SnSn bond to give a triatomic ansa‐bridge. The investigation of the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) capability of [Mn(η5‐C5H4)(η6‐C6H5)SntBu2] with [Pt(PEt3)3] showed that an unexpected, unselective insertion into the CipsoSn bonds of [Mn(η5‐C5H4)(η6‐C6H5)SntBu2] had occurred.
Synergetic Effect of Dual Co‐catalysts on the Activity of p‐Type Cu2O Crystals with Anisotropic Facets
Authors: Li Rengui , Tao Xiaoping , Chen Ruotian , Fan Fengtao , Li Can 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSpatial separation of reduction sites and oxidation sites to inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes plays a vital role in improving the efficiency of photocatalyst systems. It is very challenging to rationally deposit cocatalysts on the right facets (sites), namely, the reduction cocatalyst on the reduction facets (sites) and the oxidation cocatalyst on the oxidation facets (sites). Herein, we report that the reduction and oxidation cocatalysts can be selectively constructed on the different facets of p‐type Cu2O crystals with anisotropic facets, but not on the Cu2O crystal with isotropic facets. The deposition of dual cocatalysts on the different facets resulted in a remarkable synergetic effect in the photocatalytic performance, which could be attributed to the spatial separation of the photogenerated charges between facets. Our work reports an instructive strategy for constructing high‐efficiency photocatalyst systems for solar energy conversion.
Photoinduced Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Iodides
Authors: Kawamoto Takuji , Sato Aoi , Ryu Ilhyong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTransition metal‐catalyzed aminocarbonylation of aryl halides with CO and amines, pioneered by Heck and co‐workers in the 1970s, is among the most commonly employed reactions to make aromatic amides. A catalyst‐free aminocarbonylation of aryl iodides with CO and amines, which simply uses photoirradiation conditions by Xe‐lamp, has now been developed. This methodology shows broad functional‐group tolerance, including that of heteroaromatic amides. A hybrid radical/ionic chain mechanism, involving electron transfer from zwitterionic radical intermediates generated by nucleophilic attack of amines to aroyl radicals, is proposed.
Interest alignment for joint business development: How global software houses and consulting firms work together in the enterprise systems sector
Authors: Neves da Rocha Fábio , Bataglia Walter 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDespite the relatively long history of strategic alliances in the enterprise systems sector, studies examining the relationships between software houses and consulting firms have been rare and fragmented, particularly those related to the mechanisms that promote interest alignment for delivering a joint value proposition to the market. Through the cross‐analysis of two case studies, we identify 10 mechanisms that are regularly used for interest alignment purposes as well as counterpoints that contribute to the literature regarding the search for a consistent explanation for the longevity of hybrid organizational forms. Additionally, the study provides some insights related to the impact of innovation massification on competitiveness, partners' interdependence, and the presence of complementary contracts along with insights into the coexistence and interaction of other mechanisms that may help to explain the persistent existence of hybrid organizational forms in markets. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phage Selection of Bicyclic Peptide Ligands of the Notch1 Receptor
Authors: Urech‐Varenne Charlotte , Radtke Freddy , Heinis Christian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPrecise regulation of the Notch signaling pathway is crucial, as increases or deficiencies in signaling are associated with diseases, including a wide range of cancers. Recent studies have demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies that bind and stabilize the structure of the negative regulatory region (NRR) in the extracellular domain of the Notch receptor can inhibit Notch signaling. In this work, we posed the question whether bicyclic peptides, being around 100‐fold smaller than antibodies, can also stabilize the NRR and inhibit Notch signaling. Bicyclic peptides that bind the NRR of human Notch1 were isolated from combinatorial libraries by phage display. Affinity maturation yielded ligands with dissociation constant (Kd) values as low as 150 nM. The bicyclic peptides increased the melting temperature of the NRR by up to 8 °C, thus substantially stabilizing the protein structure, but they did not inhibit Notch signaling in cellular assays. Although Notch signaling could not be inhibited, this work demonstrates that phage‐selected bicyclic peptides can stabilize proteins; this capacity of bicyclic peptides may be exploited for modulating the conformation of other disease targets.
Phototoxic Activity and DNA Interactions of Water‐Soluble Porphyrins and Their Rhenium(I) Conjugates
Authors: Mion Giuliana , Gianferrara Teresa , Bergamo Alberta , Gasser Gilles , Pierroz Vanessa , Rubbiani Riccardo , Vilar Ramon , Leczkowska Anna , Alessio Enzo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn the search for alternative photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT), herein we describe two new water‐soluble porphyrins, a neutral fourfold‐symmetric compound and a +3‐charged tris‐methylpyridinium derivative, in which either four or one [1,4,7]‐triazacyclononane (TACN) units are connected to the porphyrin macrocycle through a hydrophilic linker; we also report their corresponding tetracationic ReI conjugates. The in vitro (photo)toxic effects of the compounds toward the human cell lines HeLa (cervical cancer), H460M2 (non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma), and HBL‐100 (non‐tumorigenic epithelial cells) are reported. Three of the compounds are not cytotoxic in the dark up to 100 μm, and the fourfold‐symmetric couple revealed very good phototoxic indexes (PIs). The intracellular localization of all derivatives was studied in HeLa cells by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Although low nuclear localization was observed for some of them, it still prompted us to investigate their capacity to bind both quadruplex and duplex DNA; we observed significant selectivity in the tris‐methylpyridinium derivatives for G‐quadruplex interactions.
Emerging tobacco‐related cancer risks in China: A nationwide, prospective study of 0.5 million adults
Authors: Chen Zheng‐Ming , Peto Richard , Iona Andri , Guo Yu , Chen Yi‐Ping , Bian Zheng , Yang Ling , Zhang Wei‐Yuan , Lu Feng , Chen Jun‐Shi , Collins Rory , Li Li‐Ming ,   for the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDIn China, cigarette consumption has increased substantially since the 1980s, almost exclusively in men. This study was aimed at assessing the emerging cancer risks.METHODSA nationwide, prospective study recruited 210,259 men and 302,632 women aged 30 to 79 years from 10 areas of China from 2004 to 2008; approximately 18,000 incident cancers were recorded during 7 years of follow‐up. Cox regression yielded adjusted risk ratios (RRs) comparing smokers (including those who had stopped because of illness but not those who had stopped by choice) with never‐smokers.RESULTSAmong men, 68% were smokers; their overall cancer risk was significantly increased (RR, 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37‐1.53), and it was greater in urban (RR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.41‐1.70) than in rural areas (RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.30‐1.49). This excess accounted for 23% of all cancers between the ages of 40 and 79 years, with significantly elevated risks of lung cancer (RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 2.18‐2.90), liver cancer (RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.12‐1.54), stomach cancer (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.16‐1.55), esophageal cancer (RR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.24‐1.73), and an aggregate of 5 other minor sites (RR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.25‐1.86). For lung cancer, the RRs were much greater for nonadenocarcinoma (RR, 5.83; 95% CI, 5.02‐6.77) than for adenocarcinoma (RR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.36‐2.34). Among exsmokers (6.7%) who had stopped by choice, there was little excess cancer risk approximately 15 years after quitting. Among the few female smokers (3%), the overall cancer risk was also significantly increased (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.28‐1.57). Smoking was estimated to cause approximately 435,000 new cancers per year in China (approximately 360,000 in men and approximately 75,000 in women).CONCLUSIONSIn China, smoking now causes a quarter of all adult male cancers. High male uptake rates before the age of 20 years and nearly universal use of cigarettes foreshadow substantial tobacco‐attributed risks in China unless there is widespread cessation. Cancer 2015;121:3097‐106. © 2015 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
Increased lung cancer mortality rates in the Chinese population from 1973‐1975 to 2004‐2005: An adverse health effect from exposure to smoking
Authors: Zhi Xiu-Yi , Zou Xiao‐Nong , Hu Mu , Jiang Yuan , Jia Man‐Man , Yang Gong‐Huan 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDLung cancer incidence and mortality rates have increased substantially in China despite improvements in clinical diagnosis and treatment approaches as well as significant advances in the implementation of tobacco‐control policies in recent decades.METHODSAge‐standardized mortality rates and age‐specific rates of lung cancer in China were estimated for the periods 1973 to 1975, 1990 to 1992, and 2004 to 2005 using data from 3 National Death Surveys. Among patients with lung cancer who were identified from a hospital‐based information system, the percentages of ever‐smokers were analyzed according to histologic and demographic variables.RESULTSAge‐standardized mortality from lung cancer in China dramatically increased from 7.30 per 100,000 during 1973 through 1975 to 27.62 per 100,000 during 2004 through 2005. Increases in lung cancer age‐standardized mortality were consistent among men and women in urban and rural populations. Among men ages 75 to 79 years, lung cancer mortality increased remarkably to 453.67 per 100,000 in 2004 and 2005 (from 246.78 per 100,000 during 1990‐1992 and from 53.65 per 100,000 during 1973‐1975). Among 6674 patients with lung cancer who were identified from 2003 to 2007 from a hospital‐based database, 82.97% of men were ever‐smokers (73.35% of men with adenocarcinoma and 91.8% of men with squamous cell carcinoma), and 11.18% of women were ever‐smokers (6% of women with adenosquamous carcinoma and 39.02% of women with squamous cell carcinoma). Differences in the numbers of ever‐smokers were observed between age groups but not according to the year of diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSThe consistent and rapid increases in lung cancer mortality rates observed in the Chinese population and the high prevalence of exposure to smoking in China prompt a strong call for the implementation of a comprehensive tobacco‐control policy and specific public health educational strategies. Cancer 2015;121:3107‐12. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
A MapReduce‐based parallel K‐means clustering for large‐scale CIM data verification
Authors: Deng Chuang , Liu Yang , Xu Lixiong , Yang Jie , Liu Junyong , Li Siguang , Li Maozhen 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe Common Information Model (CIM) has been heavily used in electric power grids for data exchange among a number of auxiliary systems such as communication systems, monitoring systems, and marketing systems. With a rapid deployment of digitalized devices in electric power networks, the volume of data continuously grows, which makes verification of CIM data a challenging issue. This paper presents a parallel K‐means clustering algorithm for large‐scale CIM data verification. The parallel K‐means builds on the MapReduce computing model which has been widely taken up by the community in dealing with data‐intensive applications. A genetic algorithm‐based load‐balancing scheme is designed to balance the workloads among the heterogeneous computing nodes for a further improvement in computation efficiency. The performance of the parallel K‐means is initially evaluated in a small‐scale in‐house MapReduce cluster and subsequently evaluated in a commercial cloud computing platform. Finally, the parallel K‐means is evaluated in large‐scale simulated MapReduce environments. Both the experimental and simulation results show that the parallel K‐means reduces the CIM data‐verification time significantly compared with the sequential K‐means clustering, while generating a high level of precision in data verification. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.