bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Temperature Olefin Syntheses in View of Parent Fulvenes and Fulvalenes
Authors: Neuenschwander Markus 
Published: June 2015

AbstractParent fulvenes and fulvalenes are thermally unstable cross‐conjugated olefins for which low‐temperature syntheses are indispensable. In this review 5 syntheses (in the temperature range between −100 and −10°) are discussed: 1. Reaction of sodium cyclopentadienide with 1‐acetoxy‐1‐chloroalkanes or 1‐acetoxy‐1‐bromoalkanes (26) gives acetoxy‐alkyl‐cyclopentadienes (27) which are easily converted to pentafulvenes (2) by low‐temperature HOAc‐elimination with NEt3. This synthesis has been applied to parent pentafulvene (2a), heptafulvene (3a), nonafulvene (4a) and sesquifulvalene (19a) (Schemes 8–11). 2. Based on a nearly quantitative oxidative coupling of cyclononatetraenide (8) to give dihydrononafulvalene (38) (Scheme 10), a general synthetic plan for fulvalenes has been outlined (Scheme 11) and applied to the synthesis of pentafulvalene (12), nonapentafulvalene (16) and nonafulvalene (14). Several applications of oxidative couplings of Hückel anions are discussed (Schemes 20 and 21). 3. Trifunctional cyclopropanes 67 (in most cases 1,1‐dibromo‐2‐X‐cyclopropanes) are attractive precursors of parent triafulvene (1a) and calicene (17) (Scheme 18). Contrary to classical procedures they are transformed into nucleophiles (67→68) by halogen‐lithium exchange, methylation (68→69) and HBr‐elimination to give 1‐methylidene‐2‐X‐cyclopropanes of type 71. By subsequent HX‐elimination triafulvene (1a) has been synthesized and trapped as a [4+2]‐cycloadduct 73 (Scheme 20). Furthermore, calicene precursors 77 are available by using cyclopentenone as an electrophilic cyclopentadiene equivalent. 4. Similarly, 1‐lithio‐1‐bromo‐2‐X‐cyclopropanes 68 are directly transformed into triafulvalene precursors 81 (Scheme 26) by a novel CuCl2‐catalyzed oxidative coupling. 5. In view of the synthesis of parent triafulvene (1a), triafulvalene (11) and calicene (17), retro‐DielsAlder reactions of stable precursors – prepared by low‐temperature reactions (described in chapters 3 and 4) – have been explored.
Substituent Effects on π‐Bond Delocalization of Fulvenes and Fulvalenes. Are Fulvenes Aromatic?
Authors: Neuenschwander Markus 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe influence of exocyclic substituents on π‐delocalization of pentafulvenes 2, heptafulvenes 3, and nonafulvenes 4 has been investigated.Pentafulvenes 2: Changes of bond lengths (induced by exocyclic substituents R1 and R2 of 2) are reflected by systematic changes of 3J(H,H) (Fig. 2) as well as of 1J(C,C) coupling constants (Fig. 4), so that linear correlations of σp+ vs. 3J(H,H) and 1J(C,C) coupling constants were obtained. Plots of that type are very useful for determining the extent of π‐delocalization of various pentafulvalenes 5–8 (Figs. 6 and 12). Charge density effects of pentafulvenes and pentafulvalenes were observed by substituent‐induced shifts of the ring C‐atoms (Fig. 5). Heptafulvenes 3: Contrary to planar pentafulvenes, heptafulvenes did not show any linear correlations of σp+ vs. 3J(H,H)‐plots (Fig. 8) or σp+ vs. δ(13C)‐plots (Fig. 9), although substituents R1, R2 clearly influenced 3J(H,H)‐coupling constants as well as 13C chemical shifts of the ring H‐atoms and ring C‐atoms. In the NMR spectra of ‘heptafulvenes with inverse ring polarization’ (in the lower range of Fig. 8), 3J(H,H)‐coupling constants were strongly alternating and were barely influenced by exocyclic substituents. This supported a boat conformation of the corresponding heptafulvenes. In the range of Hammett σp+‐values above −0.5 to 0, strong substituent effects started to be effective, and a nearly linear approach of 3J(H,H)‐coupling constants J(2,3)/J(4,5) and J(3,4) was observed. This meant that, as soon as heptafulvenes were planar or nearly planar, there existed similar substituent effects as for planar pentafulvenes. – A similar ‘turning point’ was observed in plots of σp+ vs. 13C‐chemical shifts around σp+=0 (Fig. 9): In the range of strong electron‐accepting groups (above σp+=1), there was a marked substituent‐induced high‐frequency shift which strongly decreased in the series C(7)>C(2)/C(5)>C(3)/C(4), while C(1)/C(6) was barely influenced. Nonafulvenes 4: Most nonafulvenes are non‐planar olefins with strongly alternating vicinal H,H‐coupling constants. This has been convincingly shown by the high‐resolution 1H‐NMR spectrum of 10‐dimethylaminononafulvene (4c, Fig. 10), which was not planar but contained a nearly planar (E)‐dienamine substructure of the segment C(7)C(8)C(9)C(10)NMe2 according to the NMR data. Only with very strong π‐donors (like two dimethylamino groups in 4b), planarization of the nine‐membered ring could be observed at low temperatures (Fig. 10). Finally, the first stable nonatriafulvalene (11,12‐bis(diethylamino)nonatriafulvalene (10)) existed in the planar dipolar form in the whole temperature range and even in unpolar solvents.
In situ UV/VIS Spectroscopy of Electrochemically Synthesized SelenopheneThiophene Copolymers
Authors: Alakhras Fadi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn situ UV/VIS spectroscopy of selenophenethiophene homo‐ and copolymer films had been investigated. λ$\rm{{_{max}^{1}}}$ corresponding to the π→π* interband transition was determined. The optical transition with λ$\rm{{_{max}^{2}}}$ from the valence band into the higher bipolaron band was also allocated. Besides, band gap energy (Eg) of the individual homopolymer and the obtained copolymer films from a direct interband transition was estimated as well, and the values were between 1.91–2.10 eV. The influence of applied polymerization potential and monomer feed ratio on the optical properties of the copolymers is discussed.
A method of chromatic aberration compensation in holographic projection display based on a single spatial light modulator
Authors: Wang Cui , Wang Di , Wang Qiong‐Hua 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a method of chromatic aberration compensation in holographic projection display based on a single spatial light modulator (SLM). By combining the hologram of the object with that of the digital lens, three color holograms with different focal lengths can be generated. Then, the SLM is divided into three parts, input three color holograms with different focal lengths to the SLM, and each occupies one‐third area of the SLM. We verify our method, and the results show its feasibility.
Post‐operative survival following metastasectomy for patients receiving BRAF inhibitor therapy is associated with duration of pre‐operative treatment and elective indication
Authors: He Mike , Lovell Jane , Ng Bee Ling , Spillane John , Speakman David , Henderson Michael A. , Shackleton Mark , Gyorki David E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionMetastasectomy can provide durable disease control for selected patients with metastatic melanoma. Vemurafenib is a BRAF kinase inhibitor which has demonstrated significant improvement in disease‐specific survival in patients with metastatic melanoma with a BRAF gene mutation. This study examined the efficacy and safety of metastasectomy during treatment with vemurafenib.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of all patients receiving vemurafenib at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre. Patient records were reviewed to identify patients undergoing surgery within 30 days of vemurafenib therapy. Descriptive statistics and survival analysis were performed.ResultsNineteen patients underwent 21 metastasectomies including craniotomy (57%), spinal decompression (14%), small bowel resection (14%), lung resection (9.5%) and neck dissection (4.5%). Indications for surgery were: an isolated residual focus of disease (n = 2); isolated progressive disease in the setting of stability elsewhere (n = 9); and symptomatic disease (n = 8). Grade 2 or higher surgical complications occurred in 19% of cases and there was one peri‐operative death. Median post‐operative survival was seven months. There was a trend toward improved post‐operative survival for patients with longer duration of vemurafenib therapy (P = 0.04) and for those undergoing elective surgery (P = 0.07).ConclusionResection of oligometastatic disease during BRAF‐targeted therapy is safe. Selected patients have durable post‐operative disease control. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:980–984. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phase‐preserved macroscopic visible‐light carpet cloaking beyond two dimensions
Authors: Chu Chia‐Wei , Zhai Xiaomin , Lee Chih Jie , Wang Po‐Hao , Duan Yubo , Tsai Din Ping , Zhang Baile , Luo Yuan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTransformation optics, a recent geometrical design strategy of light manipulation with both ray trajectories and optical phase controlled simultaneously, promises an invisibility cloaking device that can render a macroscopic object invisible even to a scientific instrument measuring optical phase. Recent “carpet” cloaks have extended their cloaking capability to broadband frequency ranges and macroscopic scales, but they only demonstrated the recovery of ray trajectories after passing through the cloaks, while whether the optical phase would reveal their existence still remains unverified. In this paper, a phase‐preserved macroscopic visible‐light carpet cloak is demonstrated in a geometrical construction beyond two dimensions. As an extension of previous two‐dimensional (2D) macroscopic carpet cloaks, this almost‐three‐dimensional carpet cloak exhibits three‐dimensional (3D) invisibility for illumination near its center (i.e. with a limited field of view), and its ideal wide‐angle invisibility performance is preserved in multiple 2D planes intersecting in the 3D space. Optical path length is measured with a broadband pulsed‐laser interferometer, which provides unique experimental evidence on the geometrical nature of transformation optics.
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Expanding the Phenotype and Genetic Defects Associated with the GOSR2 Gene
Authors: Praschberger Roman , Balint Bettina , Mencacci Niccolo E. , Hersheson Joshua , Rubio‐Agusti Ignacio , Kullmann Dimitri M. , Bettencourt Conceição , Bhatia Kailash , Houlden Henry 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe homozygous missense mutation c.430G>T (p.G144W) in the GOSR2 gene has been repeatedly shown to cause progressive myoclonus epilepsy/ataxia. Thus far, no other disease associated GOSR2 mutation has been reported.MethodsFrom epilepsy, movement disorder and genetic clinics 43 patients suffering from progressive myoclonus epilepsy/ataxia were screened for defects in GOSR2, SCARB2 and CSTB.ResultsA 61‐year‐old female patient suffering from progressive myoclonus epilepsy was found to be compound heterozygous for the known c.430G>T and a novel c.491_493delAGA (p.K164del) GOSR2 mutation. This is so far the oldest GOSR2 patient and her disease course seems overall milder.ConclusionsThis finding further highlights the GOSR2 gene as a cause of progressive myoclonus epilepsy and expands the genotype for a potentially weaker disease allele.
Incorporation of eicosapentaenioic and docosahexaenoic acids into breast adipose tissue of women at high risk of breast cancer: A randomized clinical trial of dietary fish and n‐3 fatty acid capsules
Authors: Straka Shana , Lester Joanne L. , Cole Rachel M. , Andridge Rebecca R. , Puchala Sarah , Rose Angela M. , Clinton Steven K. , Belury Martha A. , Yee Lisa D. 
Published: June 2015

ScopeThe fatty acid profile of dietary lipids is reflected in mammary adipose tissue and may influence mammary gland biology and cancer risk. To determine the effects of fish consumption on breast adipose tissue fatty acids, we conducted a study of fish versus n‐3 PUFA supplements in women at increased risk of breast cancer.Methods and resultsHigh risk women were randomized to comparable doses of marine n‐3 PUFAs as canned salmon + albacore or capsules for 3 months. Pre‐ and posttreatment fatty acid profiles were obtained by GC. Dietary fish (n = 12) and n‐3 PUFA capsules (n = 13) yielded increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in plasma (p < 0.0001), erythrocyte membranes (p < 0.0001), and breast fat (p < 0.01) at 3 months. Women taking capsules had higher plasma and erythrocyte membrane EPA changes (∼four versus twofold, p = 0.002), without significant differences in DHA. Increases in breast adipose EPA, DHA were similar for both groups. Higher BMI correlated with smaller changes in plasma, erythrocyte membrane EPA, and breast adipose EPA, DHA. Adherence was excellent at 93.9% overall and higher in the fish arm (p = 0.01).ConclusionFish provides an excellent source of n‐3 PUFAs that increases breast adipose EPA, DHA similar to supplements and represents a well‐tolerated intervention for future studies of the impact of n‐3 PUFAs and dietary patterns on breast cancer.
Improved rigorous perturbation bounds for the LU and QR factorizations
Authors: Li Hanyu , Wei Yimin 
Published: June 2015

SummaryCombining the modified matrix–vector equation approach with the technique of Lyapunov majorant function and the Banach fixed point theorem, we obtain improved rigorous perturbation bounds for the LU and QR factorizations with normwise perturbation in the given matrix. Each of the improved rigorous perturbation bounds is a rigorous version of the first‐order perturbation bound derived by the matrix–vector equation approach in the literature, and we present their explicit expressions. These bounds are always tighter than those given by Chang and Stehlé in the paper entitled “Rigorous perturbation bounds of some matrix factorizations”. This fact is illustrated by numerical examples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatically generated embedded model predictive control: Moving an industrial PC‐based MPC to an embedded platform
Authors: Kufoalor D. K. M. , Aaker V. , Johansen T. A. , Imsland L. , Eikrem G. O. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryAn embedded model predictive controller (eMPC) based on the linear MPC module in Statoil Estimation and Prediction Tool for Identification and Control has been developed, and it is intended to facilitate the MPC application on embedded hardware. The control design approach illustrates a viable way of migrating from an industrial PC‐based MPC technology to an embedded platform. This work also provides the transformations and the real‐time considerations necessary to achieve a functional high‐performance predictive controller on a low‐cost embedded hardware, with limited computational resources. The eMPC was implemented for rapid prototyping on the Ethernut 5 open‐source hardware, and its performance was tested for a simulated process. The concept was tested using a real MPC application developed for a prototype of a new industrial process that requires an advanced embedded multivariable, constraint handling control solution. The results confirm the viability of the embedded MPC design approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of Torpor in the Gray Mouse Lemur: Transcriptional and Translational Controls and Role of AMPK Signaling
Authors: Zhang Jing , Tessier Shannon N. , Biggar Kyle K. , Wu Cheng-Wei , Pifferi Fabien , Perret Martine , Storey Kenneth B. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) is one of few primate species that is able to enter daily torpor or prolonged hibernation in response to environmental stresses. With an emerging significance to human health research, lemurs present an optimal model for exploring molecular adaptations that regulate primate hypometabolism. A fundamental challenge is how to effectively regulate energy expensive cellular processes (e.g., transcription and translation) during transitions to/from torpor without disrupting cellular homeostasis. One such regulatory mechanism is reversible posttranslational modification of selected protein targets that offers fine cellular control without the energetic burden. This study investigates the role of phosphorylation and/or acetylation in regulating key factors involved in energy homeostasis (AMP-activated protein kinase, or AMPK, signaling pathway), mRNA translation (eukaryotic initiation factor 2α or eIF2α, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E or eIF4E, and initiation factor 4E binding protein or 4EBP), and gene transcription (histone H3) in six tissues of torpid and aroused gray mouse lemurs. Our results indicated selective tissue-specific changes of these regulatory proteins. The relative level of Thr172-phosphorylated AMPKα was significantly elevated in the heart but reduced in brown adipose tissue during daily torpor, as compared to the aroused lemurs, implicating the regulation of AMPK activity during daily torpor in these tissues. Interestingly, the levels of the phosphorylated eIFs were largely unaltered between aroused and torpid animals. Phosphorylation and acetylation of histone H3 were examined as a marker for transcriptional regulation. Compared to the aroused lemurs, level of Ser10-phosphorylated histone H3 decreased significantly in white adipose tissue during torpor, suggesting global suppression of gene transcription. However, a significant increase in acetyl-histone H3 in the heart of torpid lemurs indicated a possible stimulation of transcriptional activity of this tissue. Overall, our study demonstrates that AMPK signaling and posttranslational regulation of selected proteins may play crucial roles in the control of transcription/translation during daily torpor in mouse lemurs.
Regulation of the PI3K/AKT Pathway and Fuel Utilization During Primate Torpor in the Gray Mouse Lemur, Microcebus Murinus
Authors: Tessier Shannon N. , Zhang Jing , Biggar Kyle K. , Wu Cheng-Wei , Pifferi Fabien , Perret Martine , Storey Kenneth B. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Gray mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) from Madagascar present an excellent model for studies of torpor regulation in a primate species. In the present study, we analyzed the response of the insulin signaling pathway as well as controls on carbohydrate sparing in six different tissues of torpid versus aroused gray mouse lemurs. We found that the relative level of phospho-insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1) was significantly increased in muscle, whereas the level of phospho-insulin receptor (IR) was decreased in white adipose tissue (WAT) of torpid animals, both suggesting an inhibition of insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling during torpor in these tissues. By contrast, the level of phospho-IR was increased in the liver. Interestingly, muscle, WAT, and liver occupy central roles in whole body homeostasis and each displays regulatory controls operating at the plasma membrane. Changes in other tissues included an increase in phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3α (GSK3α) and decrease in phospho-ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) in the heart, and a decrease in phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the kidney. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) that gates carbohydrate entry into mitochondria is inhibited via phosphorylation by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (e.g., PDK4). In the skeletal muscle, the protein expression of PDK4 and phosphorylated PDH at Ser 300 was increased, suggesting inhibition during torpor. In contrast, there were no changes in levels of PDH expression and phosphorylation in other tissues comparing torpid and aroused animals. Information gained from these studies highlight the molecular controls that help to regulate metabolic rate depression and balance energetics during primate torpor.
Kids, cartoons, and cookies: Stereotype priming effects on children's food consumption
Authors: Campbell Margaret C. , Manning Kenneth C. , Leonard Bridget , Manning Hannah M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn studies with adult participants, exposure to a prime that activates a stereotype can lead to stereotype‐consistent behavior. Given significant differences in cognitive development, stereotype formation, and use of stereotypes from early childhood to adulthood, the emergence of such behavioral priming effects in childhood is uncertain. To begin addressing whether children exhibit behavioral priming effects from stereotype exposure, we conduct three experiments in which children are exposed to either a normal weight or overweight cartoon character prime, and subsequently (as an unrelated activity) have access to high energy, low‐nutrient food. Our results with children from 6 to 14 years old indicate that overweight cartoon character primes can activate the overweight stereotype, leading to relatively high levels of food intake. This effect persisted when participants were simultaneously exposed to a normal weight and an overweight character together (study 2), and was successfully moderated by the activation of health knowledge (study 3).
Impact of the care coordination program “Partners in Dementia Care” on veterans' hospital admissions and emergency department visits
Authors: Bass David M. , Judge Katherine S. , Maslow Katie , Wilson Nancy L. , Morgan Robert O. , McCarthy Catherine A. , Looman Wendy J. , Snow A. Lynn , Kunik Mark E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroduction“Partners in Dementia Care” (PDC) tested a care‐coordination program based on partnerships between Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers and Alzheimer's Association chapters. The hypothesis posited PDC would reduce the likelihood and number of veterans' hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits, particularly for those with more cognitive impairment or behavioral symptoms.MethodsThe sample included 328 veterans with dementia and their primary family or friend caregivers from five matched sites (two randomly selected treatment sites). Data came from VA records; supplemented by caregiver research interviews. Regression analyses using the likelihood and number of hospital and ED visits as outcomes tested for overall treatment‐comparison group differences and statistical interactions with cognitive impairment and behavioral symptoms.ResultsConsistent with the hypothesis, three significant interactions showed treatment‐group veterans, with more cognitive impairment and behavioral symptoms, had fewer hospital admissions and ED visits than comparison‐group veterans. There were no differences in the likelihood of hospital or ED use.DiscussionPDC, a low‐cost program for veterans and caregivers, was effective in reducing the number, but not the likelihood, of hospital admissions and ED visits. Reductions in service use were greater when caregivers reported more difficulties with veterans' symptoms, which in the absence of PDC would place veterans at risk of being high‐volume, high‐cost service users.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00291161.