bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immature Teratoma Associated With Anti–N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis
Authors: Malayev Yuliya , Alberts Jared , Verardi Mary Ann , Mattison Anissa R. , Imlay Sherwin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGynecologic teratomas commonly present with pelvic symptoms. The authors report a case of teratoma causing acute psychosis, encephalopathy, and sudden-onset seizures in a previously healthy 33-year-old woman. After common organic causes were excluded, investigation revealed an immature teratoma containing brain tissue on her left ovary. Anti–N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis was diagnosed and, with excision and medical management, her symptoms resolved and she was discharged home in stable condition. Encephalopathy is not commonly attributed to gynecologic causes, but anti–N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis may be caused by ovarian teratomas with a neuronal component. Thorough gynecologic examination should be performed on any female patient presenting with new-onset psychosis, encephalopathy, and seizures, especially in the absence of other organic or structural causes. Thus, it is important to look at the whole patient and not just the symptoms.
Variability and ice production budget in the Ross Ice Shelf Polynya based on a simplified polynya model and satellite observations
Authors: Nakata Kazuki , Ohshima Kay I. , Nihashi Sohey , Kimura Noriaki , Tamura Takeshi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe examined to what degree a simplified polynya model can explain a real polynya based on satellite‐derived sea‐ice data. In the model, the polynya area, defined as the frazil ice production region, is determined by a balance between the offshore consolidated ice drift and frazil ice production. We used daily polynya area, ice production, and ice drift data derived from AMSR‐E. The study area is the Ross Ice Shelf Polynya (RISP), which has the highest sea‐ice production in the Southern Ocean. As a modification of the original model to apply the available satellite data set, we introduced the lag time by which produced frazil ice is transported and accumulated at the polynya edge. The model represents a half (48–60%) of the polynya variability when using a lag time of 1.5 days. The frazil ice collection depth at the polynya edge, a key parameter in the model, is estimated to be ∼16 cm. The expansion of the RISP is achieved by ice divergence, and the contraction is achieved mostly by ice production. Both the wind and the remaining components (mainly regarded as the ocean current component) in the ice divergence are larger in the western part of the RISP, which explains the larger extent there. In the one‐dimensional frame, assuming that the frazil ice produced within the RISP transforms into consolidated ice with a thickness of 16 cm, the frazil ice production (∼1.7 × 103 m2 d−1) within the RISP approximately balances the export (∼1.6 × 103 m2 d−1) of consolidated thin ice from the RISP edge.
The role of seasonality of mineral dust concentration and size on glacial/interglacial dust changes in the EPICA Dronning Maud Land ice core
Authors: Wegner Anna , Fischer Hubertus , Delmonte Barbara , Petit Jean‐Robert , Erhardt Tobias , Ruth Urs , Svensson Anders , Vinther Bo , Miller Heinrich 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe present a record of particulate dust concentration and size distribution in subannual resolution measured on the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dronning Maud Land (EDML) ice core drilled in the Atlantic sector of the East Antarctic plateau. The record reaches from present day back to the penultimate glacial until 145,000 years B.P. with subannual resolution from 60,000 years B.P. to the present. Mean dust concentrations are a factor of 46 higher during the glacial (~850–4600 ng/mL) compared to the Holocene (~16–112 ng/mL) with slightly smaller dust particles during the glacial compared to the Holocene and with an absolute minimum in the dust size at 16,000 years B.P. The changes in dust concentration are mainly attributed to changes in source conditions in southern South America. An increase in the modal value of the dust size suggests that at 16,000 years B.P. a major change in atmospheric circulation apparently allowed more direct transport of dust particles to the EDML drill site. We find a clear in‐phase relation of the seasonal variation in dust mass concentration and dust size during the glacial (r(conc,size) = 0.8) but no clear phase relationship during the Holocene (0 < r(conc,size) < 0.4). With a simple conceptual 1‐D model describing the transport of the dust to the ice sheet using the size as an indicator for transport intensity, we find that the effect of the changes in the seasonality of the source emission strength and the transport intensity on the dust decrease over Transition 1 can significantly contribute to the large decrease of dust concentration from the glacial to the Holocene.
Atmospheric responses to the redistribution of anthropogenic aerosols
Authors: Wang Yuan , Jiang Jonathan H. , Su Hui 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe geographical shift of global anthropogenic aerosols from the developed countries to the Asian continent since the 1980s could potentially perturb the regional and global climate due to aerosol‐cloud‐radiation interactions. We use an atmospheric general circulation model with different aerosol scenarios to investigate the radiative and microphysical effects of anthropogenic aerosols from different regions on the radiation budget, precipitation, and large‐scale circulations. An experiment contrasting anthropogenic aerosol scenarios in 1970 and 2010 shows that the altered cloud reflectivity and solar extinction by aerosols results in regional surface temperature cooling in East and South Asia, and warming in the US and Europe, respectively. These aerosol‐induced temperature changes are consistent with the relative temperature trends from 1980 to 2010 over different regions in the reanalysis data. A reduced meridional streamfunction and zonal winds over the tropics as well as a poleward shift of the jet stream suggest weakened and expanded tropical circulations, which are induced by the redistributed aerosols through a relaxing of the meridional temperature gradient. Consequently, precipitation is suppressed in the deep tropics and enhanced in the subtropics. Our assessments of the aerosol effects over the different regions suggest that the increasing Asian pollution accounts for the weakening of the tropics circulation, while the decreasing pollution in Europe and US tends to shift the circulation systems southward. Moreover, the aerosol indirect forcing is predominant over the total aerosol forcing in magnitude, while aerosol radiative and microphysical effects jointly shape the meridional energy distributions and modulate the circulation systems.
Evolution of Patient Decision‐Making Regarding Medical Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mathews Alexandra L. , Coleska Adriana , Burns Patricia B. , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveThe migration of health care toward a consumer‐driven system favors increased patient participation during the treatment decision‐making process. Patient involvement in treatment decision discussions has been linked to increased treatment adherence and patient satisfaction. Previous studies have quantified decision‐making styles of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, none of them have considered the evolution of patient involvement after living with RA for many years. We conducted a qualitative study to determine the decision‐making model used by long‐term RA patients, and to describe the changes in their involvement over time.MethodsTwenty participants were recruited from the ongoing Silicone Arthroplasty in Rheumatoid Arthritis study. Semistructured interviews were conducted and data were analyzed using grounded theory methodology.ResultsNineteen out of 20 participants recalled using the paternalistic decision‐making (PDM) model immediately following their diagnosis. Fourteen of the 19 participants who initially used PDM evolved to shared decision‐making (SDM). Participants attributed the change in involvement to the development of a trusting relationship with their physician, as well as to becoming educated about the disease.ConclusionWhen initially diagnosed with RA, patients may let their physician decide on the best treatment course. However, over time patients may evolve to exercise a more collaborative role. Physicians should understand that even within SDM, each patient can demonstrate a varied amount of autonomy. It is up to the physician to have a discussion with each patient to determine his or her desired level of involvement.
Within‐Day Variability of Fatigue and Pain Among African Americans and Non‐Hispanic Whites With Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Authors: Smith Dylan M. , Parmelee Patricia A. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveFatigue is common among persons with osteoarthritis (OA), but little is known about racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence, correlates, or dynamics of fatigue in OA. This research therefore used experience sampling methodology (ESM) to examine fatigue and pain at global and momentary levels among African Americans and non‐Hispanic whites with OA.MethodsThirty‐nine African Americans and 81 non‐Hispanic whites with physician‐diagnosed knee OA completed a baseline interview and an ESM protocol assessing fatigue, pain, and mood 4 times daily for 7 days. In addition to analyzing basic group differences, multilevel modeling examined within‐ versus between‐subject patterns and correlates of variability in momentary fatigue, controlling for demographics and other potential confounders.ResultsBoth racial groups experienced moderate levels of fatigue; however, there were clear individual differences in both mean fatigue level and variability across momentary assessments. Mean fatigue levels were associated with global pain and depression. Increase in fatigue over the course of the day was much stronger among non‐Hispanic whites than African Americans. Momentary fatigue and pain were closely correlated. Mean fatigue predicted variability in mood; at the momentary level, both fatigue and pain were independently associated with mood.ConclusionFatigue is a significant factor for both African Americans and non‐Hispanic whites with OA, and is negatively related to quality of life. Pain symptoms, at both the momentary level and across individuals, were robust predictors of fatigue. Although overall levels of reported symptoms were similar across these 2 groups, the pattern of fatigue symptoms across the day differed.
Clinical Impact of Coexisting Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis in Japanese Patients With Medial Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Iijima Hirotaka , Fukutani Naoto , Aoyama Tomoki , Fukumoto Takahiko , Uritani Daisuke , Kaneda Eishi , Ota Kazuo , Kuroki Hiroshi , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical impact in knee osteoarthritis (OA) of coexisting patellofemoral (PF) joint OA (PFOA) in Japanese patients with medial tibiofemoral (TF) joint OA (TFOA).MethodsPatients with medial knee OA (n = 143) were enrolled. The radiographic severity of the TF and PF joints, anatomic axis angle of the TF joint, patellar alignment, trochlear morphology, patellar height, and passive range of motion (ROM) of the painful knee were evaluated. Additionally, the Japanese Knee Osteoarthritis Measure (JKOM) was used to investigate the association between the presence of PFOA and clinical symptoms.ResultsPFOA was present in 98 of 143 patients (68.5%) with medial knee OA. Quantile regression analysis revealed that coexisting PFOA was associated with the pain‐related subcategory of the JKOM. Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that coexisting PFOA was associated with higher odds of reporting knee pain on using stairs while ascending (odds ratio [OR] 4.81 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.73, 14.3]) and descending (OR 3.86 [95% CI 1.44, 10.8]). A more varus knee alignment and lower knee flexion ROM, which are features of patients with coexisting PFOA, were associated with knee pain while ascending/descending stairs. However, patellar alignment, trochlear morphology, and patellar height were not significantly associated with knee pain.ConclusionPFOA coexisting with medial knee OA was associated with worse clinical symptoms, particularly while ascending/descending stairs, although patellar alignment did not contribute to reporting knee pain. Further studies that include evaluation of the PF joint are warranted to develop a basis for an optimal intervention based on compartmental involvement.
Self‐Reported Knee Instability Before and After Total Knee Replacement Surgery
Authors: Fleeton Genevieve , Harmer Alison R. , Nairn Lillias , Crosbie Jack , March Lyn , Crawford Ross , van der Esch Martin , Fransen Marlene 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and burden of pain and activity limitations associated with retaining presurgery self‐reported knee instability 6 months after total knee replacement (TKR) surgery and to identify early potentially modifiable risk factors for retaining knee instability in the operated knee after TKR surgery.MethodsA secondary analysis was performed using measures obtained from 390 participants undergoing primary unilateral TKR and participating in a randomized clinical trial. Self‐reported knee instability was measured using 2 items from the Activities of Daily Living Scale of the Knee Outcome Survey. Outcome measures were knee pain (range 0–20) and physical function (range 0–68) on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), stair‐climb power, 50‐foot walk time, knee range of motion, and isometric knee flexion and extension strength.ResultsIn this study, 72% of participants reported knee instability just prior to surgery, with 32% retaining instability in the operated knee 6 months after surgery. Participants retaining operated knee instability had significantly more knee pain and activity limitations 6 months after surgery, with mean ± SD WOMAC scores of 4.8 ± 3.7 and 17.5 ± 11.1, respectively, compared to participants without knee instability, with 2.9 ± 3.1 and 9.8 ± 9.2. The multivariable predictor model for retained knee instability included a high comorbidity score (>6), low stair‐climb power (<150 watts), more pain in the operated knee (>7 of 20), and younger age (<60 years).ConclusionSelf‐reported knee instability is highly prevalent before and after TKR surgery and is associated with a considerable burden of pain and activity limitation in the operated knee. Increasing lower extremity muscle power may reduce the risk of retaining knee instability after TKR surgery.
Circulating Interferon‐Inducible Protein IFI16 Correlates With Clinical and Serological Features in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Alunno Alessia , Caneparo Valeria , Bistoni Onelia , Caterbi Sara , Terenzi Riccardo , Gariglio Marisa , Bartoloni Elena , Manzo Antonio , Landolfo Santo , Gerli Roberto 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveThe interferon‐inducible protein 16 (IFI16) has been detected in sera from patients with autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, but not in healthy subjects. This leaking leads to loss of tolerance toward this self‐protein and the development of autoantibodies. In this study, clinical significance of both IFI16 protein and anti‐IFI16 antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was investigated.MethodsIFI16 protein and anti‐IFI16 antibody levels were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples from 154 RA patients and 182 healthy controls, and in synovial fluid (SF) samples from 21 RA patients and 25 patients with osteoarthritis (OA).ResultsMean serum levels for both IFI16 and anti‐IFI16 antibodies were higher in RA patients than in healthy controls, with a direct correlation between IFI16 concentration and anti‐IFI16 antibody titer. The majority of RA patients with detectable circulating IFI16 protein were also positive for rheumatoid factor (RF)/anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti‐CCP). The latter group was found to be positive for anti‐IFI16 antibodies as well. The mean SF concentrations of both IFI16 protein and anti‐IFI16 antibodies were higher in RA patients when compared with control OA patients. Interestingly, the presence of circulating IFI16 protein, but not anti‐IFI16 antibodies, significantly correlated with RA‐associated pulmonary disease. This correlation was not dependent on the presence of anti‐IFI16 antibodies, sex, and smoking habit.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that the high levels of circulating IFI16 in RA are more frequent in RF/anti‐CCP–positive RA patients and significantly associated with pulmonary involvement. The relevance of circulating IFI16 protein as a new clinical biomarker of RA should be verified with additional studies.
Prevalence of Renal Impairment in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From a Cross‐Sectional Multicenter Study
Authors: Couderc Marion , Tatar Zuzana , Pereira Bruno , Tiple Aurélien , Gilson Mélanie , Fautrel Bruno , Pouplin Sophie , Dernis Emmanuelle , Gossec Laure , Gaujoux‐Viala Cécile , Soubrier Martin , Dougados Maxime 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and associations of renal dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsCOMEDRA is a French nationwide cross‐sectional multicenter study on comorbidities in RA. Renal function was assessed from the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. RA characteristics and risk factors for renal impairment were collected. Two logistic regression models, 1 with and 1 without the Framingham Risk Score, were constructed from variables that were significantly associated with an eGFR of <60 ml/minute/1.73 m2 or were clinically relevant.ResultsOf the 970 recruited patients, 931 were analyzed (women 79.6%, mean age 57.8 years, disease duration 11.1 years, Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate [DAS28‐ESR] 3.1). A total of 82 patients (8.8%) had an eGFR <60 ml/minute/1.73 m2 and 9% had proteinuria. In univariate analysis, renal impairment was associated with age (P < 0.001), history of hypertension (P < 0.001), high systolic blood pressure (P = 0.03), and the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) equation (P = 0.002), but not with sex, disease duration, disease activity (as assessed by DAS28‐ESR), nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use, disease severity (erosions, joint replacement), or RA medications. Multivariate analysis models showed that age (odds ratio [OR] 1.05 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.03–1.09]) and hypertension (OR 2.5 [95% CI 1.5–4.3]) were associated with renal impairment. A second model showed that the SCORE equation (OR 1.33 [95% CI 1.06–1.67]) was associated with renal impairment.ConclusionRenal impairment is relatively common in RA and is associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as age, hypertension, and the SCORE equation but not with disease activity or severity.
Kovalente Funktionalisierung von Graphen auf Substraten
Authors: Criado Alejandro , Melchionna Michele , Marchesan Silvia , Prato Maurizio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDie Nutzung von auf festen Substraten gezogenem oder abgeschiedenem Graphen bietet wesentliche Vorteile, wenn man mithilfe von Funktionalisierungsprozessen fein abgestimmte Strukturen für die Elektronik und “intelligente” Materialien erzielen möchte. In diesem Aufsatz konzentrieren wir uns zunächst auf die Natur und die Eigenschaften von Graphen auf Substraten in Abhängigkeit von den jeweiligen Herstellungsverfahren. Anschließend analysieren wir die maßgebliche Literatur zur Funktionalisierung von Graphen auf einem Substrat. Insbesondere werden wir radikalische Reaktionen, Cycloadditionen, Halogenierungen, Hydrierungen und Oxidationen vergleichend diskutieren. Dabei werden wir besonders auf die Frage eingehen, wie die Reaktivität von Graphen durch seine Morphologie beeinflusst wird (d. h. Anzahl von Lagen, Defekte, Substrat, Krümmung usw.).
Weak‐Acid Sites Catalyze the Hydrolysis of Crystalline Cellulose to Glucose in Water: Importance of Post‐Synthetic Functionalization of the Carbon Surface
Authors: To Anh The , Chung Po‐Wen , Katz Alexander 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe direct hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose to glucose in water without prior pretreatment enables the transformation of biomass into fuels and chemicals. To understand which features of a solid catalyst are most important for this transformation, the nanoporous carbon material MSC‐30 was post‐synthetically functionalized by oxidation. The most active catalyst depolymerized crystalline cellulose without prior pretreatment in water, providing glucose in an unprecedented 70 % yield. In comparison, virtually no reaction was observed with MSC‐30, even when the reaction was conducted in aqueous solution at pH 2. As no direct correlations between the activity of this solid–solid reaction and internal‐site characteristics, such as the β‐glu adsorption capacity and the rate of catalytic hydrolysis of adsorbed β‐glu strands, were observed, contacts of the external surface with the cellulose crystal are thought to be key for the overall efficiency.
Selective Synthesis of Single‐ and Multi‐Walled Supramolecular Nanotubes by Using Solvophobic/Solvophilic Controls: Stepwise Radial Growth via “Coil‐on‐Tube” Intermediates
Authors: Prasanthkumar Seelam , Zhang Wei , Jin Wusong , Fukushima Takanori , Aida Takuzo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNovel hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) derivatives, FHBC and FHBC*, which carry perfluoroalkyl segments on one side of the HBC core and long alkyl tails on the other, were synthesized. Their perfluoroalkyl segments are highly solvated in C6F6 (solvophilic effect) and do not assemble, whereas in CH2Cl2, they are excluded (solvophobic effect) and assemble together consequently. For example, the use of C6F6 and CH2Cl2 as assembling media for FHBC leads to the selective formation of single‐ and multi‐walled nanotubes, respectively. When a higher monomer concentration is applied in CH2Cl2, multi‐walled nanotubes with a larger number of walls result. FHBC in CH2Cl2 self‐assembles rather slowly, thereby allowing for the observation of coil‐on‐tube structures, which are possible intermediates for the stepwise radial growth of the nanotubular wall. Casting of the multi‐walled nanotubes onto a quartz plate yields a superhydrophobic thin film with a water contact angle of 161±2°.
Disulfonimide‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reduction of N‐Alkyl Imines
Authors: Wakchaure Vijay N. , Kaib Philip S. J. , Leutzsch Markus , List Benjamin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA chiral disulfonimide (DSI)‐catalyzed asymmetric reduction of N‐alkyl imines with Hantzsch esters as a hydrogen source in the presence of Boc2O has been developed. The reaction delivers Boc‐protected N‐alkyl amines with excellent yields and enantioselectivity. The method tolerates a large variety of alkyl amines, thus illustrating potential for a general reductive cross‐coupling of ketones with diverse amines, and it was applied in the synthesis of the pharmaceuticals (S)‐Rivastigmine, NPS R‐568 Hydrochloride, and (R)‐Fendiline.
Carbamate‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Bromolactamization
Authors: Cheng Yi An , Yu Wesley Zongrong , Yeung Ying‐Yeung 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA highly facile, efficient, and enantioselective bromolactamization of olefinic amides was effected by a carbamate catalyst and ethanol additive. The amide substrates underwent N‐cyclization predominantly to give a diverse range of enantioenriched bromolactam products containing up to two stereogenic centers.