bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile in young people at familial risk of depression
Authors: Mannie Zola N. , Williams Clare , Diesch Jonathan , Steptoe Andrew , Leeson Paul , Cowen Philip J. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundDepression is associated with increased risk of several general medical conditions, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The nature of the association is complex and may involve bidirectional causation or a common pathophysiology.AimsTo determine whether young people without depression but at increased familial risk have altered metabolic and blood pressure markers relative to matched controls.MethodWe studied young people (n = 85), who had a parent with depression but no personal history of depressive illness (FH+) and healthy controls (n = 69). Cardiovascular risk profile was assessed by a fasting blood sample to measure insulin, glucose, lipids and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood pressure was measured centrally and peripherally. Arterial stiffness and waking cortisol concentration were also measured.ResultsCompared with controls, the FH+ group demonstrated increased peripheral and central systolic blood pressure, increased arterial stiffness and diminished insulin sensitivity but they did not differ from controls in measures of lipids, CRP or waking cortisol.ConclusionsOur data suggest that young people at increased familial risk of depression show evidence of altered cardiovascular risk profile in young adulthood even in the absence of depressive symptoms. It is possible therefore that vulnerability to conditions such as hypertension and diabetes may precede the onset of major depression and may share common risk factors.
Structure and function of SH2 domains
Authors: Marengere Luc E. M. , Pawson Tony 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
In order for cells to respond to their environment, a series of regulated molecular events has to take place. External signalling molecules bind to cellular receptors and thereby trigger the activation of multiple intracellular pathways, which modify cellular phenotypes. The cell-surface receptors for a wide range of polypeptide hormones possess protein tyrosine kinase activity, which is induced by binding of the appropriate extracellular ligand. Tyrosine phosphorylation can act as a molecular switch, by initiat- ing the recruitment of cytoplasmic effector molecules containing Src homology (SH) 2 domains, to activated receptors. These SH2-containing proteins, in turn, regulate intracellular signalling pathways. Here, we discuss the role of tyrosine phosphorylation in triggering signalling pathways, as well as the functions of SH2 domains, which mediate these events through phosphotyrosine-dependent protein-protein interactions.
Drosophila in cancer research: the first fifty tumor suppressor genes
Authors: Watson Kellie L. , Justice Robin W. , Bryant Peter J. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARY
In Drosophila, over 50 genes have been identified in which loss-of-function mutations lead to excess cell proliferation in the embryo, in the central nervous system, imaginal discs or hematopoietic organs of the larva, or in the adult gonads. Twenty-two of these genes have been cloned and characterized at the molecular level, and nine of them show clear homology to mammalian genes. Most of these mammalian genes had not been previously implicated in cell proliferation control. Overgrowth in some of the mutants involves conversion to a cell type that, in normal development, shows more cell proliferation than the original cell type. Thus the neurogenic mutants, including Notch, show conversion of epidermal cells to neuroblasts, leading to the ‘neurogenic’ phenotype of excess nervous tissue. The ovarian tumor mutants show conversion of the female germ line to a cell type resembling the male germ line, which undergoes more proliferation than the female germ line. Mutations of the fat locus cause hyperplastic overgrowth of imaginal discs, in which the epithelial structure is largely intact. The predicted fat protein product is a giant relative of cadherins, supporting indications from human cancer that cadherins play an important role in tumor suppression. Mutations in the lethal(2)giant larvae and lethal(1)discs large genes cause neoplastic overgrowth of imaginal discs as well as the larval brain. The dlg gene encodes a membrane-associated guanylate kinase homolog that is localized at septate junctions between epithelial cells. This protein is a member of a family of homologs that also includes two proteins found at mammalian tight junctions (ZO-1 and ZO-2) and a protein found at mammalian synaptic junctions (PSD-95/SAP90). Genes in which mutations cause blood cell overproduction include aberrant immune response-8, which encodes the RpS6 ribosomal protein and hopscotch, which encodes a putative non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase. The gene products identified by ovarian tumor mutants do not show clear amino acid sequence homology to known proteins. Drosophila provides an opportunity to rapidly identify and characterize tumor suppressor genes, many of which have mammalian homologs that might also be involved in cell proliferation control and tumor suppression.
Synthesis of Nanometer-sized Hollow Calcium Tungstate Particles by Using Micelles of Poly(styrene-b-acrylic acid-b-ethylene oxide) as a Soft Template
Authors: Zhai Shuo , Manako Yukitaka , Yusa Shin-ichi , Nakashima Kenichi 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Hollow calcium tungstate (CaWO4) nanospheres with well-controlled shape and size have been successfully synthesized for the first time by templating micelles of poly(styrene-b-acrylic acid-b-ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PAA-b-PEO). This polymer forms a micelle with a PS core, a PAA shell, and a PEO corona in aqueous solutions. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) and sodium tungstate (Na2WO4) were used as precursors of CaWO4. In the synthesis, the PS core acts as a template for cavities of the hollow particles, the PAA shell is beneficial for arresting calcium ions for further mineralizing, and the PEO corona stabilizes the CaWO4-polymer nanocomposite to prevent secondary aggregate formation. The hollow CaWO4 nanoparticles have a spherical shape with an outer diameter narrowly distributed at 22.7 ± 1.0 nm and a shell thickness at 6.7 ± 0.4 nm.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Ruthenium Sensitizer with a Hexylthiophene-functionalized Terpyridine Ligand for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ozawa Hironobu , Yamamoto Yasuyuki , Fukushima Kei , Yamashita Satoshi , Arakawa Hironori 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A novel ruthenium sensitizer TUS-25 with a hexylthiophene-functionalized terpyridine ligand has been synthesized to improve the light-absorption ability of terpyridine-based ruthenium sensitizers. The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency of the DSC with TUS-25 at around 400 nm was increased greatly by the introduction of two hexylthiophene units. The DSC with TUS-25 showed 7.5% conversion efficiency under AM 1.5 (100 mW cm−2) irradiation.
Slight extensions of some theorems on the rate of pointwise approximation of functions from some subclasses of <i>L<sup>p</sup></i>
Authors: Krasniqi Xhevat Z. 
Published: May 2013

In this paper we prove some results on the rate of pointwise approximation of functions by means of some matrix transformations related to the partial sums of a Fourier series, removing the assumptions that entries of the considered matrix belong to the classes RBV S or HBV S. In fact, with weaker assumptions, our results give better degrees than those obtained previously. Moreover, some results that have been obtained earlier follow from our results as special cases. Finally, we present some theorems of such type involving the so-called γRBV S or γHBV S classes of numerical sequences.
Czwarte rozważania nad Słowami prawnymi w rzeczy sobie podobnymi Bartłomieja Groickiego
Authors: Zajda Aleksander 
Published: May 2013

Fourth considerations on Bartłomiej Groicki’s Słowa prawne w rzeczy sobie podobne
Starting with B. Groicki’s Słowa prawne w rzeczy sobie podobne (1567), the paper collects and discusses lexis in the field of legal and judicial procedure. First, the history of the field procedura ‘procedure’ is briefly presented from Old Polish to modern times, and then the history of the field dilatio (‘adjorunment’) is discussed in more detail. In the Old Polish period, the most common names in the field dilatio were odwłoka, fryszt, odkład, and also several deverbal derivatives in -anie, -enie (e.g. odkładanie, odwleczenie, przewleczenie), which were however rarely written down in the sources. In the 16th c., this type becomes relatively popular, but the frequency of specific names is also very low at that time; the names odwłoka, przewłoka and zwłoka are much more common. From the second half of the 16th till the end of the 18th c., the centre of the field is dominated by dilatio, a loan word from Latin. In mid-18th c. the name odroczenie appears as an innovation, rare at first but gradually ousting the foreign dylacja and beginning to reign supreme.
Media, Aggregators, and the Link Economy: Strategic Hyperlink Formation in Content Networks
Authors: Dellarocas Chrysanthos , Katona Zsolt , Rand William 
Published: May 2013

A defining property of the World Wide Web is a content site's ability to place virtually costless hyperlinks to third-party content as a substitute or complement to its own content. Costless hyperlinking has enabled new types of players, usually referred to as content aggregators, to successfully enter content ecosystems, attracting traffic and revenue by hosting links to the content of others. This, in turn, has sparked a heated controversy between content creators and aggregators regarding the legitimacy and costs/benefits of uninhibited free linking. To our knowledge, this work is the first to model the complex interplay between content and links in settings where a set of sites compete for traffic. We develop a series of analytical models that distill how hyperlinking affects the (a) incentives of content nodes to produce quality content versus link to third-party content, (b) profits of the various stakeholders, (c) average quality of content that becomes available to consumers, and (d) impact of content aggregators. Our results provide a nuanced view of the so-called link economy, highlighting both the beneficial consequences and the drawbacks of free hyperlinks for content creators and consumers. This paper was accepted by Lorin Hitt, information systems.
Television Advertising and Online Search
Authors: Joo Mingyu , Wilbur Kenneth C. , Cowgill Bo , Zhu Yi 
Published: May 2013

Despite a 20-year trend toward integrated marketing communications, advertisers seldom coordinate television and search advertising campaigns. We find that television advertising for financial services brands increases both the number of related Google searches and searchers' tendency to use branded keywords in place of generic keywords. The elasticity of a brand's total searches with respect to its TV advertising is 0.17, an effect that peaks in the morning. These results suggest that practitioners should account for cross-media effects when planning, executing, and evaluating both television and search advertising campaigns. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
Should Managers Use Team-Based Contests?
Authors: Chen Hua , Lim Noah 
Published: May 2013

When designing contests to motivate employees, should managers organize employees to compete in teams or as individuals? We develop a behavioral economics model that shows that if contestants are averse to being responsible for the team's loss, a team-based (TB) contest can yield higher effort than an individual-based (IB) contest. This prediction is contrary to those of standard economics models, which favor IB contests over TB contests. We test the competing predictions using laboratory economics experiments. The results show that when contestants do not know each other, average effort levels in the TB and IB contests are not different. When contestants are allowed to socialize with potential teammates before making effort decisions, TB contests yield higher effort relative to IB contests. We also show that the relative efficacy of TB contests is driven by contestants' aversion to letting their team down. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1743 . This paper was accepted by Peter Wakker, decision analysis.
Crystal structure of 5',7'-dibromo-1'-(2-bromoethyl)spiro[[1,3]dioxolane- 2,3'-indolin]-2'-one, C12H10Br3NO3
Authors: Ma Li , Li Ai-Min , Wan Chong-Qing , Cao Sheng-Li 
Published: May 2013

Abstract C12H10Br3NO3, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 12.942(2) Å, b = 10.304(2) Å, c = 21.527(3) Å, V = 2870.5 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0385, wRref(F2) = 0.0868, T = 296 K.
Mitotane levels predict the outcome of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma treated adjuvantly following radical resection
Authors: Terzolo M , Baudin A E , Ardito A , Kroiss M , Leboulleux S , Daffara F , Perotti P , Feelders R A , deVries J H , Zaggia B , De Francia S , Volante M , Haak H R , Allolio B , Al Ghuzlan A , Fassnacht M , Berruti A 
Published: May 2013

ContextMitotane plasma concentrations ≥14 mg/l have been shown to predict tumor response and better survival in patients with advanced adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). A correlation between mitotane concentrations and patient outcome has not been demonstrated in an adjuvant setting.ObjectiveTo compare recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients who reached and maintained mitotane concentrations ≥14 mg/l vs patients who did not.Design and settingRetrospective analysis at six referral European centers.PatientsPatients with ACC who were radically resected between 1995 and 2009 and were treated adjuvantly with mitotane targeting concentrations of 14–20 mg/l.Main outcome measuresRFS (primary) and overall survival (secondary).ResultsOf the 122 patients included, 63 patients (52%) reached and maintained during a median follow-up of 36 months the target mitotane concentrations (group 1) and 59 patients (48%) did not (group 2). ACC recurrence was observed in 22 patients of group 1 (35%) and 36 patients in group 2 (61%). In multivariable analysis, the maintenance of target mitotane concentrations was associated with a significantly prolonged RFS (hazard ratio (HR) of recurrence: 0.418, 0.22–0.79; P=0.007), while the risk of death was not significantly altered (HR: 0.59, 0.26–1.34; P=0.20). Grades 3–4 toxicity was observed in 11 patients (9%) and was managed with temporary mitotane discontinuation. None of the patients discontinued mitotane definitively for toxicity.ConclusionsMitotane concentrations ≥14 mg/l predict response to adjuvant treatment being associated with a prolonged RFS. A monitored adjuvant mitotane treatment may benefit patients after radical removal of ACC.
Optical and upconversion properties of Er3+-doped oxyfluoride transparent glass-ceramics containing SrF2 nanocrystals
Authors: Kesavulu Culala Rajasekharaudayar , Yoo Mi-Yeon , Lee Jin-Ho , Lim Ki-Soo , Dharmaiah Peyala , Jayasankar Chalicheemalapalli Kulala , Babu Palamandala 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Improving Surveillance on Tuberculosis and HIV Co-Infection in
Kazakhstan
Authors: Tursynbayeva Aigul , Idrissova Maria , Markabaeva Tatyana , Usenova Gayni , Utepkaliyeva Gulbaram , Akhmetova Guljakhan , Suleymenova Lazzat , Urankayeva Gaukhar , Hof Susan van den 
Published: May 2013

In Kazakhstan, tuberculosis (TB) patients are screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and HIVinfected
individuals are screened for active TB. However, there is no exchange of case-based information between the TB
and HIV/AIDS programs.
To assess the proportion of co-infected patients registered as such in both registers and to assess reasons for patients
missing in either register, we compared 2009 data from the TB and HIV/AIDS registers from two areas in Kazakhstan.
Almaty city and the adjacent Almaty oblast, represent 22% of the country’s population. Also, co-infected patients as well
as a number of HIV-infected individuals were interviewed.
In total, 85 patients diagnosed with TB and HIV were registered, of whom 73 were registered in the TB register, 79 in the
HIV/AIDS register, and 67 in both registers. In the TB register, twelve patients were wrongly recorded as HIV negative.
Only 9 (11%) out of the 82 patients who started treatment (three died shortly after diagnosis) had been prescribed
antiretroviral treatment.
In conclusion, gaps and mistakes with regard to TB/HIV patients were identified in both registers. Collaboration between
the TB and HIV/AIDS centers was strengthened, which includes routine monitoring of TB/HIV diagnoses and treatment.
This should lead to improved quality of care for TB/HIV patients and an improved insight in TB/HIV epidemiology.
Psychosocial Support Improves Treatment Adherence Among MDR-TB
Patients: Experience from East Kazakhstan
Authors: Kaliakbarova G. , Pak S. , Zhaksylykova N. , Raimova G. , Temerbekova B. , Hof S. van den 
Published: May 2013

A novel patient–oriented treatment delivery program was introduced for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis
(MDR-TB) patients at high risk of treatment default in East Kazakhstan region, The Republic of Kazakhstan. In parallel
interventions were introduced to improve programmatic and clinical management for all MDR-TB patients. To assess the
effects of the patient support program on patient default rates, we analyzed the characteristics of MDR-TB patients
referred to the psychosocial support (PSS) program, treatment adherence before and during the intervention for patients
referred to the patient support program.
In 2010, the total number of MDR-patients starting second-line drug MDR-TB treatment was 426. The PSS program
supported 228 (53%) patients considered to be at high risk of treatment default. The program contributed to strengthening
of management of all MDR-TB patients during the ambulatory, continuation phase of treatment. The proportion of drug
doses taken under direct observation improved from 48% to 97%, while division of intake of second-line anti-TB drugs in
2-3 portions per day decreased from 20% in 2009 to 0%. Interruptions of anti-TB drugs for at least one day decreased
from 18% to 4% among all MDR-TB patients. Among patients included in the PSS program, no treatment default was
observed and only one patient missed doses of treatment.
In conclusion, our patient–oriented support program was successful in reducing rates of treatment default among MDRTB
patients.
Epidemiological Surveys Embedded in Technical Assistance to
Tuberculosis Control Programmes
Authors: Leth Frank van , Klinkenberg Eveline 
Published: May 2013

Many National Tuberculosis Programmes (NTPs) receive Technical Assistance (TA) for the implementation
and evaluation of their TB-control strategies. KNCV tuberculosis Foundation (KNCV) in the Netherlands is a TA
organization providing assistance for many years in over 30 countries.
The NTPs use their own surveillance data to assess TB control strategies. These data are not accurate enough to serve as
valid epidemiological parameters. KNCV adds an epidemiological research component to the general TA.
Epidemiological research does give the evidence-base needed for TB control. Embedding this research in continued
programme support from TA consultants has been fruitful.
This paper details KNCV's experiences with such TA plus epidemiological research approach, specially in conducting
large-scale population-based surveys: tuberculin surveys, TB prevalence surveys, and drug resistance surveys. The lessons
learned include the added value of long-term programme support, of a thorough knowledge of the survey's situational
context, of in-country capacity building, and of guidelines for guiding, as opposed to dictating, research.
The Coming Fiscal Crisis
Authors: Andersen Martin J. , Friedman Allon N. 
Published: May 2013

Summary
Nephrologists in the United States face a very uncertain economic future. The astronomical federal debt and unfunded liability burden of Medicare combined with the aging population will place unprecedented strain on the health care sector. To address these fundamental problems, it is conceivable that the federal government will ultimately institute rationing and other budget-cutting measures to rein in costs of ESRD care, which is generously funded relative to other chronic illnesses. Therefore, nephrologists should expect implementation of cost-cutting measures, such age-based rationing, mandated delayed dialysis and home therapies, compensated organ donation, and a shift in research priorities from the dialysis to the predialysis patient population. Nephrologists also need to recognize that these changes, which are geared toward the population level, may make it more difficult to advocate effectively for the needs of individual patients.
Pricing of Risky Initial Audit Engagements
Authors: Elliott John A. , Ghosh Aloke , Peltier Elisabeth 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARY
We reexamine the association between audit fees and risky initial engagements by developing an ex ante client-risk metric that is based on auditor change 8-K filings. We concentrate on auditor-client disagreements and other reportable events (restatement, management integrity, scope limitations, illegal acts, reaudits) disclosed in the 8-K auditor change filings. We find that audit fees are significantly higher for clients reporting disagreements and other reportable events in their 8-K auditor change filings for the initial year of engagement. However, the fee premium is only attributable to Big 4 auditors. While the Big 4 charge 45 percent higher fees when clients have disagreements or other reportable events, there is no such fee premium associated with non-Big 4 clients. More importantly, Big 4 predecessor auditors increase fees prior to the auditor switch as clients develop problems. Big 4 successor auditors continue to charge significantly higher fees for at least three years following adverse 8-K disclosures. Our results provide evidence on how successor and predecessor auditors incorporate risk in the pricing of audit fees, where risk is based on the information contained in auditor change 8-K reports.