bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution and statistic analysis of the anthropogenic line forms on the different basic fields
Authors: Szypuła Bartłomiej 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Despite the rapid development of geoinformation technology and GIS - a classic cartogram is still widely used method for presenting geographic features and phenomena, especially with regard to the relative values connected with the basic fields. The aim of this article was to investigate how the size and shape of the different basic fields influence the results of the phenomenon presentation (in this case anthropogenic line forms). In the experiment were used fields in the shape of: square, hexagon, circle and triangle with different sizes: 1 km, 2 km, 4 km, 8 km and 10 km. Different field areas with the same height, but of a different shape affected to varied quantitative characteristics within them. However, different field heights have caused an obvious increase or decrease the detail of the results. To take a look at the image of the spatial distribution of line forms compared cartograms with another, independent method - kernel density analysis. After setting kernel density image with cartograms one turned out that basic fields shape did not change the image of spatial relations significantly and wellcharacterized them in general. For this study area the best results obtained after the application fields with heights of 2 km and 4 km in the shape of squares and hexagons. It appears that the hexagons better than squares reflect the spatial image of the forms (hexagons allow better representation of the directions and shapes of the studied phenomena), however, they are less common in a geostatistical researches, and that's why they are more difficult to use, especially for comparative analysis.
A new lowland locality for the mountain plant Streptopus amfexifolius (L.) DC. (Silesian voivodeship, Southern Poland)
Authors: Rostański Adam , Cabała Stanisław , Mielczarek Jarosław 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The occurrence of mountain plant species in the Polish lowlands has been at the centre of attention of many botanists. In 2008-2011 we carried out field studies aimed at describing a new lowland population of White Twisted-stalk S. amplexifolius discovered in 2008. We focused on the following aims: to determine the current status of the lowland population of S. amplexifolius; to characterize phytocenoses and habitat conditions in which the species occur; to identify factors that can potentially pose a threat on the population and to propose guidelines for its protection. The newly discovered population is located in the Trójca Forest District (50º 38.737’ N; 18º 48.945’ E), forest department 61L. The main part of the population (ca. 70%) occupies an area of approximately 100 m2. Currently, to protect the population from grazing, the whole area (about 0.25 ha) has been surrounded by metal mesh fence. The population occurs within a poorly developed patch of Fraxino- Alnetum. It contains 107 branched and fruiting individuals of S. amplexifolius and 83 smaller plants (branchless and sporadically fruiting). The number of fruits per plant varies between 6 and 20. One fruit contains an average of 5 seeds (a maximum of 12 seeds and a minimum of 3 seeds per fruit). The occurrence of numerous Padus serotina seedlings and young plants is recorded within the site. Human-related factors have caused substantial changes in the water relations and, subsequently, also in the species composition of these plant communities. The population of S. amplexifolius within the described site seems to be in good condition and develops normally.
Human activity and aeolian relief of Starczynów “Desert”, Poland
Authors: Pełka-Gościniak Jolanta 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Starczynów „Desert” is located in the eastern part of the Silesian Upland (southern Poland) and makes a compact area with the occurrence of aeolian sands, which till the 1960s. were intensively blown. Its flat surface is diversified by many dunes of different shapes and sizes. Aeolian coversands are formed here as a cover of changing thickness. The „desert” is not a typical dry climatic area. The term Starczynów „Desert” refers to the area of occurrence of bare sands and aeolian processes and makes a geographical name that can be found on topographic maps. Its development was conditioned by human activity, where since the Middle Ages dense forest areas have been cut to obtain timber for the needs of contemporary mining and metallurgy of lead and silver ores causing the activation of aeolian processes at sandy substratum, built from the Vistulian proluvial-deluvial deposits. In the formation of the aeolian relief of Starczynów „Desert” it is possible to distinguish some stages of intensive wind activity: the 13th-15th centuries, the 16th-17th centuries, the turn of 18th and 19th centuries, the turn of 20th and 21st centuries. In present times human interference in the environment of Starczynów „Desert” consists of fixing sandy areas to protect them from deflation. Human damage exists here in the aeolian relief through terrain levelling and building fire escape roads. In the north-eastern part of the „desert” sand was exploited, therefore a sandpit appeared. This area was subject to the activity of mining for Zn-Pb ores, which caused numerous collapsed cones. In the last few years this part of the „desert” was properly reclaimed.
Macrophytes in the assessment of river ecological condition on the example of Pszczynka River (Silesian Upland)
Authors: Sierka Edyta , Tomczak Agnieszka 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Water Framework Directive introduced an ecological approach to the assessment and classification of waters. The part of the assessmentare macrophyte - based methods used in the evaluation of the ecologicalcondition of rivers in respect of biodiversity. The Macrophyte Method for River Assessment has been used in Poland since 2007 and provides us with an information about ecological state of the rivers. Presented analyses were aimed to describe macrophyte development in the sandylowland type of river in the Silesian Upland. The assessment was made for lowland Pszczynka River (45.8 km total length, total catchment area 368.3 km2), which is a left-bank tributary of Vistula River. At the selected 10 research sections of the river (100 m each) the composition of macrophytes and abiotic conditions of the river were described. The paper presents the results of preliminary assessment of ecological condition of Pszczynka River on the background sources of substances discharged to the riveralongits course. Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR) was calculated based on the results of the research - river bed surface coverage by the particular plant species. The MIR limit values were used to determine the class of water quality in the examined river. Overall, the ecological status of Pszczynka River was rated as moderate and its water classified as Class III of water quality.
Social investment conflicts related to the construction of the A1 motorway in the Silesian voivodeship (Southern Poland)
Authors: Hibszer Adam 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Motorway construction poses various problems, both in green fields, mainly because of concerns about the natural environment, as well as in brown fields, for technical reasons and due to disturbing residents. The Silesian voivodeship is one of the particularly problematic areas. The construction of the A1 motorway is not an easy task there. It is not only because of the potential changes in the environment or difficulties in conducting construction work in mining areas, but also because of the highly urbanised area, requiring both the compulsory purchase of land, as well as demolition of housing infrastructure. The aim of the study is to present the most serious conflicts related to the construction of the A1 motorway in the Silesian voivodeship. The method used in the study was the analysis of documents related to its construction from the websites of the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways (Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad - GDDKiA), the Voivodeship Office in Katowice and evaluation of information from the websites of communities in which the motorway investments were carried out. Moreover, voivodeship electronic editions of magazines and daily newspapers from the years 2006-2013 on the disputes arising from the construction of the A1 motorway were reviewed. As a result of the study it was found that for different sections of the motorway social conflicts occurred. They were diverse in nature, extent and the course. The analysis of the results shows that the implementation of this type of investment requires not only financial expenses and studies on the environmental impact, but also activities involving their social environment.
Expectations of employers on the example of Słupsk local labour market (with the particular emphasis on the need for geographical competences)
Authors: Szmielińska-Pietraszek Paulina , Szymańska Wioletta 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
On today's labour markets, the basic characteristics of the quality of the labour force is knowledge, qualifications, skills and experience possessed by it. Today, employers are looking for employees with high interpersonal competences, manners, responsible, hard-working, independent, honest and having the ability to learn quickly. For this, as an asset, they add the higher education, preferably directional, creativity and experience. The taken research area is characterized by economic lag in comparison with Gdańsk agglomeration area, as well as with other regions. In the article the reference was made to the declared needs of employers towards future employees, based on interviews conducted in 101 entities of the city of Słupsk and Słupsk county. The main aim of the research was to determine the usefulness of geographic knowledge for the local labour market. And thus indicating the possibility of increasing the attractiveness of geographical graduates in the labour market. Among the needs of employers of Słupsk labour market in accordance with the overall national trend, there is a large deficit of soft competencies, but also, among others, the gap typically professional related to information technology and engineering skills have been diagnosed. There has been a large gap identified in the ability to apply the knowledge (academic) in practical activities, which is called by the employers 'the professional experience'. In contrast, the studies on the usefulness of (the attractiveness of the labour market) competencies that are possible to learn while studying geography, showed the particular importance, valuable for the modern labour market skills of searching, collecting and processing of information. Currently in Poland, even in conditions of high unemployment existing mismatch between qualification and professional structure of supply and demand for labour can be observed. In the labour market, the presence is noted at the same time, the deficit and surplus professions and employers tend to have difficulty in recruiting people with specific skills and vocational skills. Not innovative small entities (which predominate in the structure of entities, inter alia, in Słupsk local labour market) are not able to take over the education of strictly professional competences due to a lack of capital. The role of practical education courses for universities is visible here. They are accumulating equipment and supplies for practical training which may in a flexible way try to respond to changing economic conditions.
Interrelationships among motor coordination, body fat percentage, and physical activity in adolescent girls
Authors: Chagas Daniel das Virgens , Batista Luiz Alberto 
Published: May 2015

PurposeThe aim of this study was to analyze the interrelationships among motor coordination, body fat percentage, and physical activity levels in adolescent girls.MethodsSixty-eight girls aged 12–14 years participated in the study. Skinfold thickness was measured and the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder test was administered. Participants completed a self-reporting questionnaire on physical activity. Bivariate and partial correlations were used to analyze the interrelationships among the selected variables.ResultsThere were no significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05) correlations between any motor coordination scores and physical activity levels with and without controlling for body fat percentage. All motor coordination scores were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) associated with body fat with and without controlling for physical activity levels.ConclusionsThe relationships between motor coordination scores and physical activity levels, as well as between motor coordination scores and body fat percentage, were not influenced by body fat and physical activity levels, respectively. However, the overall low physical activity level in this sample may have biased these results. Additional research involving girls with higher physical activity levels should be pursued.
Effects of aqua aerobics on body composition, body mass, lipid profile, and blood count in middle-aged sedentary women
Authors: Kantyka Joanna , Herman Damian , Roczniok Robert , Kuba Lidia 
Published: May 2015

PurposeThe aim of the present investigations was to determine the effects of aqua aerobics on body weight and composition, lipid profile, and selected blood count parameters in middle-aged sedentary females.MethodsTwenty-one women were randomly assigned to an experimental group (age 56.20 ± 2.57 years, height 162.80 ± 4.76 cm, weight 74.03 ± 3.84 kg) that participated in aqua aerobics classes three times a week for three months and a control group (mean age 56.44 ± 3.28 years, height 165.00 ± 3.91 cm, weight 70.01 ± 11.36 kg) not involved in any kind of targeted exercise. The aqua aerobics classes were tailored to suit the age and abilities of the participants, with workout intensity controlled and maintained at approximately 128–137 bpm.ResultsSignificant differences between the experimental and control groups were found for body weight, total body water, fat-free mass, and skeletal muscle mass. A significant increase in post-intervention hemoglobin and erythrocyte counts was observed in theexperimental group.ConclusionsFuture studies should determine the intensity of physical activity with the most beneficial effect on blood variables in middle-aged and older individuals.
Assessment of physical activity by pedometer in Polish preschool children
Authors: Czajka Kamila , Sławińska Teresa , Kołodziej Małgorzata , Kochan Katarzyna 
Published: May 2015

PurposeThe aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the physical activity patterns of preschoolers aged 6–7 years.MethodsA sample of 221 preschool children (116 boys and 105 girls) aged 6 (5.92 ± 0.30) and 7 (6.91 ± 0.25) years was recruited. Physical activity was assessed over 7 consecutive days by using pedometers to determine step counts (steps/day). Accrued anthropometric data included height, mass, and BMI. Data were compared with ANOVA to determine any significant differences between age and sex groups and the part of the week (weekday/weekend); intergroup differences were evaluated with Fisher's LSD test. A < 0.05 level of significance was adopted for all statistical tests.ResultsNo significant differences were found between the age groups (6- and 7-year olds). Physical activity over the 7-day period was significantly greater in the boys (13318 ± 2354 steps/day) than girls (12300 ± 2750 steps/day). Mean weekday step counts were greater among boys (13800 ± 2458 steps/day) than girls (12587 ± 2802 steps/day); this difference was statistically significant. Mean weekend steps were 12112 ± 3467 and 11579 ± 3930 steps/day for the boys and girls, respectively. Mean weekday steps were significantly greater (<i>p</i> < 0.001) than mean weekend steps in both groups. The recommendation of 12000 steps/day was met by 60.6% of the sample (69.0% boys, 51.4% girls).ConclusionsSex differences in physical activity patterns were observed in the sample of preschool children. Boys, compared with girls, were characterized with a higher physical activity level on both weekdays and weekend days. Physical activity for both sexes was lower on weekend days than weekdays. The results indicate the need for improved health literacy among parents on current recommended physical activity guidelines and the suitability of a pedometer-based assessment method.
Study of Uncoated and Coated Carbide Insert on Tool Life, Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate in Machining of EN27 steel
Authors: Ghubade Anil , Gupta Ajay , Abrol Abhishek , Singh Satsimran 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMetal cutting industries are facing challenges to increase production rate at minimum cost with improvement in quality in the final product. The increasing need of productivity, closed tolerance, dimensional stability and cost put tremendous pressure on manufacturing industries to design and develop new technologies to meet the required goal. Hence, coating over the existing tool plays an important role in achieving higher production rate, better tool life and minimization in cost. In this paper, we analyzed the effect of uncoated and coated carbide (triple and six layer coated) tool on tool life, surface roughness and material removal rate during dry turning of EN27 steel. Taguchi approach is used to find the best optimum parameter setting for turning of EN27 steel. A L9 orthogonal array, signal-to-noise ratio and ANOVA are applied to study machining parameters (Spindle speed, Feed rate and Depth of cut) in consideration of tool life (VB), material removal rate (MRR) and surface finish (Ra). The experimental investigation shows that the best machining performance is achieved by six layer coated carbide insert compared to uncoated and triple coated carbide insert under the selected machining conditions.
Polymer stabilized Monodispersed Liquid Crystal Droplets: Microfluidics Generation and Optical Analysis
Authors: Lucchetta D. E. , Simoni F. , Pagliusi P. , Cipparrone G. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLiquid crystal droplets are widely used in optics and photonics applications. They can act as simple resonators or be arranged in interconnected periodic configurations when their external dimension are similar. In this work we optically analyze and describe the microfluidic generation of liquid crystal droplets in a thermally stabilized environment, namely water, which enables a narrow droplets diameter distribution.We demonstrate a fine control of the droplet dimensions in both nematic and isotropic phases by controlling the ratio between liquid crystal andwater flows. Droplets generated in the isotropic phase show a complex internal structure which reflects their high degree of internal disorder. Moreover, the internal configuration of the droplets also depends on the purity degree of the water in which they grow. In order to investigate their size distribution and their internal structure, a small amount of photo-polymerizable agent (NOA61 optical glue)was added to the liquid crystal to stabilize the droplets structure and to avoid their coalescence. Acting this way, polymer stabilized liquid crystal droplets were created after light induced polymerization, which are stable even after water evaporation. The polarized microscope analysis shows that the bipolar or radial order of the liquid crystal is still preserved inside the droplets depending on the water purity. Moreover an improved size uniformity is reported.
Challenging Heritage Visualisation: Beauty, Aura and Democratisation
Authors: Jeffrey Stuart 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this paper I will pose a challenge to digital heritage visualisation that takes as its starting point the
weirdness of the digital world in comparison to everyday experience. Related to this is the apparent inability
for digital objects to benefit from or acquire aura from their originals. I contend that, unless mitigated, these
properties will cause a continuing lack of engagement with digital heritage visualisation beyond the professional
and academic circles in which they are created. Contrary to expectations, I will argue digital objects can indeed
manifest an auratic quality and that this is in fact fundamental to how they are received by various audiences. I
contend that both aura and the intimate relationship between digital representation, aesthetics and the creative
imagination need to be understood and embraced in practice. Finally, I will suggest some ways of addressing the
challenge by looking at modes of co-production, physical replication and aesthetic quality.
Effect of the Rapeseed Oil Methyl Ester Component on Conventional Diesel Fuel Properties
Authors: Kumbár V. , Votava J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The effect of the rapeseed oil methyl ester (RME) component in diesel fuel was assessed. Dynamic viscosity and density of blends were particularly observed. Measurements were performed at standard constant temperature. Increasing ratio of RME in diesel fuel was reflected in increased density value and dynamic viscosity of the blend. In the case of pure RME, pure diesel fuel, and the blend of both, temperature dependence of dynamic viscosity and density was examined. Considerable temperature dependence of dynamic viscosity and density was found out and demonstrated for all three samples. This finding is in accordance with theoretical assumptions and literature data sources. Mathematical models were developed and tested. Temperature dependence of dynamic viscosity was modelled using the 3rd degree polynomial. Temperature dependence of density was modelled using the 2nd degree polynomial. The proposed models can be used for flow behaviour prediction of RME, diesel fuel, and their blends.
Effects Of Spring Herbicide Treatments On Winter Wheat Growth And Grain Yield*
Authors: Hamouz P. , Hamouzová K. , Novotná K. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Herbicides provide a low-cost solution for protecting crops from significant yield losses. If weed infestations are below damage thresholds, however, then herbicide application is unnecessary and can even lead to yield loss. A small-plot field trial was conducted to examine the effect of herbicides on winter wheat yields. Weeds were removed manually from the trial area before herbicide application. Twenty-four treatments were tested in four replications. Treatment 1 consisted of an untreated weed-free control, whereas the other treatments comprised applications of the following herbicides and their combinations: metsulfuron-methyl + tribenuron-methyl (4.95 + 9.99 g ha−1), pinoxaden (30 g ha−1), fluroxypyr (175 g ha−1), and clopyralid (120 g ha−1). Water (250 l ha−1) or a urea-ammonium nitrate fertilizer solution (UAN, 120.5 l ha−1) was used as the herbicide carrier. Crop injury 30 days after treatment and yield loss were recorded. Results showed minor crop injury by herbicides and their combinations when applied without UAN and moderate injury caused by UAN in combination with herbicides. Yield losses reached 5.3% and 4.3% in those treatments where all of the tested herbicides were applied with and without UAN, respectively. The effect of all treatments on crop yield was, however, statistically insignificant (P = 0.934).