bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sandwich caregiving and midlife women's health: An examination of racial disparities
Authors: Li Qi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis research project aims to (a) investigate the association between sandwich caregiving and midlife women's health and (b) ask how this relationship differs by race.BackgroundAlthough researchers consistently find that physical health declines substantially during midlife for women, much about what produces this trend is unexplored. One notable gap in prior literature is the impact of simultaneously providing care to both aging parents and young children (i.e., sandwich caregiving) on the health and well‐being of midlife women.MethodThis study analyzes six consecutive waves of nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) between 2008 and 2018 with growth curve models.ResultsThe analysis illustrates that sandwich caregiving does not have a significant relationship with self‐reported physical health among White and Black mothers but has a negative association with fair or poor self‐rated physical health among Hispanic mothers.ConclusionThis study contributes to previous scholarship by specifying the heterogeneous consequences of sandwich caregiving for the health and well‐being of White, Black, and Hispanic women during midlife. Moreover, this work highlights the importance of exploring the complex implications of sandwich caregiving, as more and more midlife adults begin to provide care to dual generations.ImplicationsThis study underscores the relevance of the life course perspective and the stress process model in understanding sandwich caregiving. Furthermore, my findings emphasize the significance of the family as a social institution in shaping social inequality and the need for race‐specific interventions to mitigate the adverse health outcomes of sandwich caregiving.
A history of restorative justice in Scotland: The evolving nature of an innovation in criminal justice policy and practice
Authors: Kirkwood Steve , Kritikos Leo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐level political support for restorative justice in Scotland is at its strongest for many years, and yet its availability is lower now than in the mid‐2000s. To explore the reasons behind this paradox, we undertook an oral history project focused on the origins and development of restorative justice in Scotland. Based on 15 interviews with professionals, we tracked how the nature, objectives and scale of restorative justice has evolved in Scotland over time. Our analysis shows how the meaning and purpose of justice initiatives can shift, providing insight into policy development and broader debates about the role of justice responses.
Vertical stratification of leaf physical traits exerts bottom–up pressures on insect herbivory in a sugar maple temperate forest
Authors: Hakimara Mahsa , Despland Emma 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Do light vertical gradients in temperate forest structure insect herbivore communities? We tested the hypothesis that the increase in light intensity from understory to forest canopy drives differences in leaf physical traits and bud burst phenology that impact insect herbivores and thus play a role in structuring both herbivore communities and the leaf damage they cause. Understanding these interactions is essential for addressing knowledge gaps in the dynamics of temperate deciduous forest ecosystems.
Twelve sugar maple (Acer saccharum) sites were monitored in southern Quebec, examining insect herbivore patterns from understory saplings to mature tree‐shaded and sun canopy (where intensity is highest and canopy cover lowest) over the summers of 2020, 2021 and 2022. Additionally, we recorded leaf physical traits and sun exposure.
Our findings revealed that leaf thickness increased along the vertical gradient in 2021, making mature tree leaves in the canopy less favourable to herbivores than understory sapling leaves. Accordingly, we recorded a consistent decrease in insect herbivory damage rates from understory to shaded and to sun canopy in 2020 and 2021, driven by leaf cutters, skeletonizers, stipplers and leaf miners. These results support our hypothesis that variation in leaf physical traits contributes to the vertical stratification of insect damage. This variation in leaf traits can be linked to light levels or to tree ontogeny. In 2022, the gradient of insect herbivore abundance corroborated the observed damage trends from the previous years. We calculated an average annual herbivory rate of 9.1% of the leaf surface in our study site.
Overall, our study highlights the importance of vertical gradients in structuring insect herbivore communities and emphasizes the role of leaf traits in mediating these interactions. In addition, the average annual herbivory rate suggests limited evidence supporting a significant contribution of background herbivory to the decline of sugar maple forests.
Characteristics of late‐onset Behçet's disease and comparison with juvenile and adult‐onset Behçet's disease
Authors: Bölük Kübra Nursel , Akdağ Köse Afet 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe course of late‐onset Behçet's disease (LBD) is unknown. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and systemic involvement of LBD.MethodsIn this retrospective, cross‐sectional, and comparative study, 700 patient files from 4100 patients diagnosed with Behçet's disease (BD) were selected and divided into three groups: LBD, adult BD (ABD), and juvenile BD (JBD). The age limits for LBD and JBD were determined to be 42 and 16, respectively. LBD patients were compared to ABD and JBD patients in terms of demographics, systemic involvement, and disease duration.ResultsThe LBD rate among BD patients was 4.7% (183/4,100). The time from initial symptom occurrence to the age at which the BD criteria were met was longer in LBD than in ABD or JBD. Except for genital ulcers, the frequencies of involvement in LBD were similar to those in ABD and JBD. The frequency of family history was significantly lower in LBD (12%) than in ABD (15.9%) or JBD (18.2%). The time from the initial symptom to oral aphthae, genital ulcers, and eye involvement was longer in LBD than in ABD or JBD. Furthermore, erythema nodosum was observed after a longer duration in LBD than in ABD.ConclusionConsidering that involvement occurs much later in LBD and there are no differences in the frequencies of involvement except for genital ulcers, LBD patients should be followed up as closely as ABD and JBD patients.
The effect of peanut meal on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and flavour of soy sauce
Authors: Yao Ruohan , Zhang Shuyu , Zhao Shuoshuo , Liu Xueli , Wang Wenjun , He Jing , Zhao Guozhong 
Published: August 2024

SummaryTo solve the serious problem of homogenising commercial soy sauce, peanut meal, a high‐quality plant protein resource, was used to replace soybean meal to ferment soy sauce. In this study, we investigated the effects of different raw material ratios (w/w) and starters on the physicochemical and antioxidant activities, sensory characteristics and flavour of soy sauce. The results showed that peanut meal helped to increase the protease activity of koji, deepen the colour of soy sauce, improve the antioxidant activity of soy sauce, and enrich the aroma of soy sauce. The total phenol and total flavonoid content of PMSS (2:2) with starters were increased by 20% and 36%, respectively, compared to soybean meal soy sauce. The results of SPME‐GC–MS and recombination and omission experiments showed that the aroma of peanut meal soy sauce was more complex and more abundant in esters, pyrazines, and phenols. Ethyl 2‐methylbutanoate, Apricolin, 2‐Methyl‐1‐butanol, and Isovaleraldehyde in peanut meal had high OAV values. In addition, PMSS (2:2) with starters had the highest sensory score, with intense fruity, caramel, malty, and smoky aromas. These results show that peanut meal can improve the quality and flavour of soy sauce and provide a theoretical basis for the development of peanut soy sauce.
Exploring dual narratives of supervisory trust in remote supervisor–subordinate relationships
Authors: Mat‐Artun Deniz , Küskü Fatma 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study evaluates the involuntary remote work experiences of subordinates and supervisors in terms of supervisory trust. Data were collected from professionals in Türkiye through an open‐ended questionnaire. The findings reveal that subordinates feel less supervisory trust, whereas supervisors confirm trusting their remote subordinates less. Utilizing leader–member exchange (LMX) theory as a theoretical approach, we argue that the lack of supervisory trust is a major setback for the quality of LMX and displays itself in the form of more controlling and monitoring together with criticisms over ability and behavioural integrity. Moreover, cognitive trust is more dominant in the remote dyadic trust relationship, even though the cultural context signals a more affect‐based one. This study contributes to the emerging literature on trust and LMX in virtual work settings by presenting dual narratives on supervisory trust in the supervisor–subordinate relationships under remote work conditions.
BAUSSS biomarker improves melanoma survival risk assessment
Authors: Dixon Anthony J. , Steinman Howard K. , Nirenberg Alexander , Zouboulis Christos C. , Sladden Michael , Popescu Catalin , Anderson Stuart , Longo Caterina , Thomas J. Meirion 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) method of staging melanoma is dated and inaccurate. It ignores important prognostic melanoma features, especially the patient's age. BAUSSS is more accurate in determining survival risk for primary cutaneous melanoma patients who have no clinical or imaging evidence of nodal or distant metastases. BAUSSS is an algorithm incorporating analysis of Breslow thickness, Age, Ulceration, Subtype of melanoma, Sex and Site. These are the six features from the patient history along with the details from the melanoma pathology report that are most predictive of mortality outcome.ObjectiveTo develop a single‐page document that allows the clinician to determine BAUSSS biomarker‐predicted prognosis in consultation with the patient.MethodFrom various data sources, we developed an algorithm to predict melanoma mortality using the BAUSSS biomarker system. The single‐page algorithm was made available to download athttps://globalmelanoma.net/bausss‐survival‐chart, thus being readily available without charge to all clinicians and their patients.ResultsBAUSSS method of determining melanoma prognosis is more accurate and less costly than the AJCC staging system. The only surgery the patient requires is wide local excision of the primary tumour. This method of ascertaining melanoma risk does not require added surgery, costs, hospitalization, tests and anaesthesia, such as would be required if sentinel lymph node biopsy was undertaken. BAUSSS can be a useful tool in determining which primary melanoma patients are at sufficiently high risk to be considered for adjuvant drug therapy.ConclusionWe encourage clinicians to download and print in colour this single‐page BAUSSS mortality prediction tool, laminate it, and use it face to face with the patient in consultations. Not only will the patient be able to recognize his/her long‐term prognosis but will also be able to see how their tumour severity compares with others.
Weakly supervised deep learning image analysis can differentiate melanoma from naevi on haematoxylin and eosin‐stained histopathology slides
Authors: Maher Nigel G. , Danaei Mehr Homay , Cong Cong , Adegoke Nurudeen A. , Vergara Ismael A. , Liu Sidong , Scolyer Richard A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe broad histomorphological spectrum of melanocytic pathologies requires large data sets to develop accurate and generalisable deep learning (DL)‐based diagnostic pathology classifiers. Weakly supervised DL promotes utilisation of larger training data sets compared to fully supervised (patch annotation) approaches.ObjectivesTo evaluate weakly supervised DL image classifiers for discriminating melanomas from naevi on haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained pathology slides.MethodsA representative H&E slide for 260 naevi and 260 melanomas from mucocutaneous sites at one tertiary institution was digitized. Clinicopathological features were recorded for each case including thickness and histological subtype. Whole‐slide or whole‐tissue section labels were applied. The ground truth was established by consensus diagnosis from two pathologists. Multiple‐instance learning models, Trans‐MIL, CLAM and DTFD‐MIL were evaluated at 10×, 20× and 40× magnifications using stratified fivefold Monte Carlo cross‐validation, with 80/10/10 splits for training/validation/test groups, to predict melanoma from naevus. Heatmaps were generated to understand model performance.ResultsNaevi cases were younger (median age: 51 years; melanoma median age: 71.5 years), with more balanced sex distribution (males: 48.8%, melanoma male subgroup: 64.2%). The most frequent histological subtypes of naevi and melanomas were dysplastic compound (n = 99, 38.1%) and superficial spreading (n = 124, 47.7%), respectively. Average AUC (±1 SD) for Trans‐MIL, CLAM and DTFD‐MIL across test groups were 0.9952 ± 0.006, 0.9925 ± 0.0052 and 0.9708 ± 0.0328, at 20× magnification, respectively. Performance of the models varied according to the magnification used. Heatmaps from the two best performing models, Trans‐MIL and CLAM, generally indicated attention on appropriate tissue regions for interpretation.ConclusionsWeakly supervised DL on pathological slides of common mucocutaneous melanocytic tumours provides highly accurate diagnostic value for discrimination of melanomas and naevi. External validation and further assessment on less frequently occurring histologic subtypes and borderline cases using this method is required.
Identifying priority challenges of older adults with COPD: A multiphase intervention refinement study
Authors: Iyer Anand S. , Wells Rachel D. , Bechthold Avery C. , Armstrong Margaret , O'Beirne Ronan , Byun Jun Y. , Coffee‐Dunning Jazmine , Odom J. Nicholas , Buhr Russell G. , Suen Angela O. , Kotwal Ashwin A. , Witt Leah J. , Brown Cynthia J. , Dransfield Mark T. , Bakitas Marie A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying priority challenges of older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is critical to designing interventions aimed at improving their well‐being and independence.ObjectiveTo prioritize challenges of older adults with COPD and those who care for them to guide refinement of a telephonic nurse coach intervention for patients with COPD and their family caregivers (EPIC: Empowering People to Independence in COPD).DesignMultiphase study guided by Baltes Theory of Successful Aging and the 5Ms Framework: Phase 1: Nominal group technique (NGT), a structured process of prioritizing responses to a question through group consensus. Phase 2: Rapid qualitative analysis. Phase 3: Intervention mapping and refinement.SettingAmbulatory, virtual.ParticipantsOlder adults with COPD, family caregivers, clinic staff (nurses, respiratory therapists), clinicians (physicians, nurse practitioners), and health system leaders.ResultsNGT sessions were conducted by constituency group with 37 participants (n = 7 patients, n = 6 family caregivers, n = 8 clinic staff, n = 9 clinicians, n = 7 health system leaders) (Phase 1). Participants generated 92 statements across five themes (Phase 2): (1) “Barriers to care”, (2) “Family caregiver needs”, (3) “Functional status and mobility issues”, (4) “Illness understanding”, and (5) “COPD care complexities”. Supplemental oxygen challenges emerged as a critical problem, and prioritized challenges differed by group. Patients and clinic staff prioritized “Functional status and mobility issues”, family caregivers prioritized “Family caregiver needs”, and clinicians and health system leaders prioritized “COPD care complexities”. Intervention mapping (Phase 3) guided EPIC refinement focused on meeting patient priorities of independence and mobility but accounting for all priorities.ConclusionsDiverse constituency groups identified priority challenges for older adults with COPD. Functional status and mobility issues, particularly related to supplemental oxygen, emerged as patient prioritized challenges.ImplicationsPatient‐centered interventions for older adults with COPD must account for their prioritized functional and supplemental oxygen needs and explore diverse constituent perspectives to facilitate intervention enrichment.
Osteocalcin: A potential marker to identify and monitor girls with rapidly progressive central precocious puberty
Authors: Qin Wei , Chen Yanfei , Sooranna Suren R , Zeng Dan , Xie Tao , Meng Qi , Lan Dan 
Published: August 2024

AimTo evaluate the suitability of serum osteocalcin (OC) as a marker to distinguish between rapidly and non‐rapidly progressive central precocious puberty (RP‐CPP and NRP‐CPP), as well as its potential to assess growth rates following treatment with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa).MethodsSerum levels of OC were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays in girls diagnosed with either RP‐CPP or NRP‐CPP as well as in normal control subjects. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the cut‐off value for OC. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyse the main influencing factors associated with OC.ResultsSerum OC levels were higher in the CPP girls when compared to normal controls (110.76 ± 43.69 vs 55.97 ± 20.96 ng/mL, P < 0.001). The level in the RP‐CPP group was higher than the NRP‐CPP group (153.28 ± 33.89 vs 88.33 ± 29.26 ng/mL, P < 0.001). The cut‐off value of OC levels for distinguishing between RP‐CPP and NRP‐CPP was 107.05 ng/mL, the sensitivity was 94.7% and the specificity was 77.8%, which was superior to using the basal luteinising hormone (B‐LH) levels, and the area under ROC curve (AUC) were 0.933 versus 0.695, respectively. Following 1–2 years of treatment with GnRHa for girls with CPP, both OC levels and the growth rates decreased to pre‐pubertal values. B‐LH levels, bone age and body weight were also significant factors, which affected OC levels.ConclusionsSerum OC levels may be a useful marker for distinguishing RP‐CPP from NRP‐CPP. In addition, it was also found to be a useful predictor for growth rate during GnRHa treatment.
The Vehicle of Administration and Prandial State May Reduce the Spectrum of Oral Broad‐Spectrum Antibiotics (Oxytetracycline, Fosfomycin and Amoxicillin) Administered to Piglets: A Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Approach
Authors: Decundo Julieta M. , Dieguez Susana N. , Martínez Guadalupe , Amanto Fabián A. , Pérez Gaudio Denisa S. , Soraci Alejandro L. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to assess the impact of the vehicle of administration and the prandial state of post weaning piglets on the indices of therapeutic efficacy for different broad‐spectrum antibiotic/pathogen combinations. Pharmacokinetic data were retrieved from previous studies, in which we orally administered oxytetracycline (OTC), fosfomycin (FOS), or amoxicillin (AMX) according to the following treatments: dissolved in soft water to fasted or non‐fasted piglets, dissolved in hard water to fasted or non‐fasted piglets, and mixed with feed. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for susceptible strains of bacteria causing swine diseases were obtained from the database of European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) for each antibiotic. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) indices of therapeutic efficacy—drug exposure over the dosing interval (fAUC/MIC) for OTC and FOS; time that free drug concentration remains above MIC (%fT>MIC) for AMX—were calculated for each antibiotic/pathogen combination under each treatment. After all OTC and in‐feed FOS and AMX treatments, the indices of therapeutic efficacy were below the target value for all the study microorganisms. When FOS or AMX were delivered dissolved in soft or hard water, the indices were above the target value over which therapeutic efficacy would be expected for Escherichia coli treated with FOS and, Glaesserella parasuis, Pasteurella multocida, and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae treated with AMX. The prandial state of piglets showed no influence on the indices of therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic profiles of broad‐spectrum antibiotics, specifically the ability to achieve target concentrations, may be largely reduced due to drug interactions with components present in feed or water resulting in a discrepancy with PK/PD principles of prudent and responsible use of antibiotics.
An Extracellular, Ca2+‐Activated Nuclease (EcnA) Mediates Transformation in a Naturally Competent Archaeon
Authors: Fonseca Dallas R. , Day Leslie A. , Crone Kathryn K. , Costa Kyle C. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTTransformation, the uptake of DNA directly from the environment, is a major driver of gene flow in microbial populations. In bacteria, DNA uptake requires a nuclease that processes dsDNA to ssDNA, which is subsequently transferred into the cell and incorporated into the genome. However, the process of DNA uptake in archaea is still unknown. Previously, we cataloged genes essential to natural transformation in Methanococcus maripaludis, but few homologs of bacterial transformation‐associated genes were identified. Here, we characterize one gene, MMJJ_16440 (named here as ecnA), to be an extracellular nuclease. We show that EcnA is Ca2+‐activated, present on the cell surface, and essential for transformation. While EcnA can degrade several forms of DNA, the highest activity was observed with ssDNA as a substrate. Activity was also observed with circular dsDNA, suggesting that EcnA is an endonuclease. This is the first biochemical characterization of a transformation‐associated protein in a member of the archaeal domain and suggests that both archaeal and bacterial transformation initiate in an analogous fashion.
The effect of pattern fabrication methods on the marginal fit of three‐unit implant‐supported frameworks: An experimental study
Authors: Giti Rashin , Khandani Golnaz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the marginal fit of three‐unit implant‐supported frameworks fabricated based on conventionally hand‐waxed, milled, and three‐dimensional (3D) printed patterns.Materials and MethodsTwo fixture analogs were placed in the mandibular right first premolar and first molar region of the dentiform and two prefabricated abutments were secured in the fixture analogs. Thirty three‐unit wax patterns were fabricated through conventional, milling, and 3D printing techniques (n = 10 per group). After casting, the vertical marginal gaps of two abutments for each restoration were measured by using an optical microscope on 16 points around the finish line at ×80 magnification. The data were analysed by using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe marginal gap was found to be significantly different among the three manufacturing methods (p < 0.001) and between each pair (p < 0.001). The 3D printing group had a significantly lower marginal gap than the milling (p < 0.001) and the conventional group (p < 0.001) in the first premolar and first molar regions and the mean of the two. The marginal gap in the milling group was significantly lower than that of the conventional group (p < 0.001) in the first premolar and first molar regions and the mean of the two.ConclusionThe marginal fit of the frameworks was the best in the 3D printing method, followed by the milling, and finally the conventional method. However, the fit accuracy in all three methods remained within the clinically acceptable range (<120 μm).