bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into Facebook Pages: an early adolescent health research study page targeted at parents
Authors: Amon Krestina L. , Paxton Karen , Klineberg Emily , Riley Lisa , Hawke Catherine , Steinbeck Katharine 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Facebook has been used in health research, but there is a lack of literature regarding how Facebook may be used to recruit younger adolescents. A Facebook Page was created for an adolescent cohort study on the effects of puberty hormones on well-being and behaviour in early adolescence. Used as a communication tool with existing participants, it also aimed to alert potential participants to the study. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description of the development of the study Facebook Page and present the fan response to the types of posts made on the Page using the Facebook-generated Insights data. Two types of posts were made on the study Facebook Page. The first type was study-related update posts and events. The second was relevant adolescent and family research and current news posts. Observations on the use of and response to the Page were made over 1 year across three phases (phase 1, very low Facebook use; phase 2, high Facebook use; phase 3, low Facebook use). Most Page fans were female (88.6%), with the largest group of fans aged between 35 and 44 years. Study-related update posts with photographs were the most popular. This paper provides a model on which other researchers could base Facebook communication and potential recruitment in the absence of established guidelines.
Cross-sectional data on alcohol and marijuana use and sexual behavior among male and female secondary school students in New Providence, The Bahamas
Authors: Kaljee Linda , Wang Bo , Deveaux Lynette , Lunn Sonja , Rolle Glenda , Villar Maria Elena , Stanton Bonita 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background: While The Bahamas have significantly reduced poor reproductive health outcomes among adolescents and emerging adults, data indicate that youth are engaged in sexual risk behaviors. Substance use has been linked to increased risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections in other contexts. There are limited data on Bahamian youth in relation to consumption of alcohol and marijuana use and engagement in sexual behaviors.

Objective: This study aimed to assess potential relationships between alcohol and marijuana use and engagement in sexual behavior among government secondary school students in New Providence, The Bahamas.

Materials and methods: Total sample size was 2572, and about 56% of respondents were female. Mean age was 14.2 (SD 2.7 years). Cross-sectional data came from a baseline survey conducted as part of a longitudinal randomized controlled evaluation of a school-based HIV prevention and reproductive health program in New Providence.

Results: Overall, 46.5% (519) males and 44.8% (652) females reported alcohol consumption; 7.3% (82) males and 1.7% (25) females reported use of marijuana in the last 6 months. About 43% (477) male respondents and 16% (231) female respondents reported ever having vaginal sex. Logistic regression analysis indicates that increased likelihood of engaging in sex during the past 6 months is associated with being older, male, and consuming alcohol and marijuana.

Conclusion: These data provide a ‘global correlation’ between substance use and engagement in sexual behaviors among Bahamian adolescents. Longitudinal research is needed to assess event specific risks and identify mediating and moderating factors. These findings indicate the importance of integrating reproductive health and substance use education.
An Algorithm to Estimate the Two-Way Fixed Effects Model
Authors: Somaini Paulo , Wolak Frank A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe present an algorithm to estimate the two-way fixed effect linear model. The algorithm relies on the Frisch-Waugh-Lovell theorem and applies to ordinary least squares (OLS), two-stage least squares (TSLS) and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators. The coefficients of interest are computed using the residuals from the projection of all variables on the two sets of fixed effects. Our algorithm has three desirable features. First, it manages memory and computational resources efficiently which speeds up the computation of the estimates. Second, it allows the researcher to estimate multiple specifications using the same set of fixed effects at a very low computational cost. Third, the asymptotic variance of the parameters of interest can be consistently estimated using standard routines on the residualized data.
Methoden bei der Wörterbuchplanung in Zeiten der Internetlexikographie [Methods in dictionary planning in the era of Internet lexicography / Méthodes en planification dictionnairique à l’époque de la lexicographie en ligne]
Authors: Geyken Alexander 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The German dictionary market has been confronted with a dramatic change in the past years. Traditional dictionary publishers shrank dramatically or even disappeared completely, and the largest academic dictionary, the Grimmsches Worterbuch, will definitely stop its work in 2016. This paper discusses how large documentary reference dictionaries can be planned and produced in this new context for the German market. The focus of this paper is put on the technological conditions and their impact on planning the lexicographical process, including the corpus base, automatization of information extraction, aggregation of existing information, workflow management, online-publication as well as user contributions. Several examples of existing German and English dictionary projects are discussed with respect to these aspects. A particular focus is placed on the Digitales Worterbuch der deutschen Sprache (DWDS). It is shown how the new technological possibilities help to balance richness and up-to-dateness of information with consistency and a minimum amount of redundancy, and more generally how a flexible project workflow can be established where time and budget constraints can be adapted to the project goals.
Methoden bei kollaborativen Wörterbüchern [Methods in collaborative dictionaries / Méthodes dans le domaine des dictionnaires collaboratifs]
Authors: Meyer Christian M. , Gurevych Iryna 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this article, we study lexicographical methods of collaborative dictionaries. We are particularly interested in the question to what extent they differ from the methods of expert lexicographers and how editorial dictionaries can leverage the user-generated data. We find that the preparation phase is equally important in expertbuilt and collaborative works and will fundamentally shape the final dictionary. For collaborative dictionaries, it is, however, essential to encourage discussion, define transparent decision workflows, and continually motivate the authors. The large user communities provide a high coverage of language varieties, translations, neologisms, as well as personal and spoken language, which often lack corpus evidence. Instead, their descriptions of general language terms are largely based on expert-built dictionaries. This is why we see great potential in the cooperation between expert lexicographers and collaborative user communities. Besides joint work on editing the dictionary articles, we consider quality assurance methods based on user feedback as a clear enrichment for dictionary making.
Ausspracheangaben zu eingedeutschten Namen in Aussprachewörterbüchern
Authors: Ebel Alexandra , Lange Friderike , Skoczek Robert 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
German pronunciation dictionaries provide codifications that claim to be accepted as standard. When it comes to foreign names and words, the two most established German pronunciation dictionaries and the ARD pronunciation database have rather oppositional approaches. This heterogeneous situation on the prescriptive side is mirrored by countless incidences of inconsistent pronunciations of foreign names in the media. Therefore, empirical studies like comparisons of dictionaries, analyses of media pronunciation as well as online preference polls are necessary to be able to find pronunciation rules for foreign names and words that can be accepted as standard in a German context.
Kotextspezifische Semantik, Pragmatik und Wörterbuchform. Glossate in einsprachigen Wörterbüchern
Authors: Wiegand Herbert Ernst 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
By means of a review of the use of the term gloss in the past three decades it becomes evident that the term gloss needs to be explained more precisely. After a brief discussion of the practice of lexicographic glossing it is clear that the mainreason for the use of the method of glossing lies therein that many words from the core lexicon have numerous cotext-specific senses and, for various reasons, restricted ways of being used. Because of the lack of an overview of the different types of glosses a typology of glosses with regard to their structure and topic is developed. In addition, different types of elementary and extended glosses are distinguished from sequences of glosses. Furthermore, different types of semantic glosses, e.g. semantically non-identified semantic glosses and (up to now not yet investigated) semantically identified semantic glosses with numerous subtypes as well as a variety of further types of semantic-pragmatic glosses are distinguished. The latter types have not yet been investigated although numerous subtypes can be distinguished, e.g. pragmatic- commenting semantic glosses and pragmatic-commented semantic glosses. It is furthermore shown that the functional equal post- and inner glosses have different places in a typology of lexicographic text segments because they are structurally different. For extended glosses different types of gloss segments are distinguished, e.g. pragmatic-commenting, semantic-commenting and -identifying as well as glossing gloss segments with numerous subtypes. A next section is dedicated to gloss addressing: gloss addressing, gloss-internal and gloss-excurrent gloss segment addressing are presented and different gloss accompanying addressing constellations are distinguished. All relations in which glosses occur are then investigated. Finally the different non-hierarchical as well as hierarchical gloss structures are presented.
Extraction, selection and distribution of meaning elements for monolingual information tools
Authors: Bergenholtz Henning , Agerbo Heidi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this contribution, we analyze concrete user needs in reception situations based on concrete text examples. The point of departure is that a potential dictionary user reads a text and does not understand a word or a fixed expression, and therefore he seeks help in an information tool. Our topic is how lexicographers can provide the kind of help that the dictionary user needs to solve his reception problem.
In order to do this, our starting point is not: “encyclopedic items do not belong to dictionaries” or “you always have to follow a certain schema for meaning explanations”. The starting point is: what meaning elements are needed to give the dictionary user the help he seeks (here: understand a word)? And how could and should these meaning elements be incorporated, i.e. formulated and presented, in the dictionary article?
Having user needs as our focus point, we try to isolate and extract data elements from a text corpus, in which we find a number of text examples, collocations, synonyms, links, images etc. Among these different types of data, we select a number of meaning elements; these meaning elements could be presented in one field (the meaning field), but in many cases they are distributed into different parts of a dictionary entry, e.g. links, lexical remarks and synonym remarks. This distribution as well as the formulation of the meaning elements will depend on the user and his needs.
Re-vitalizing an indigenous language: Dictionaries of Ainu languages in Japan, 1625–2013
Authors: Hansen Annette Skovsted 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The re-vitalization of indigenous languages depends on political and legal support and the implementation of language rights depends on knowledge of vocabulary and grammar structures of the individual languages. Throughout the nineteenth century world, compilers of dictionaries adapted indigenous languages to match standards defined in nation-building and, thereby, enabled latent possibilities for indigenous populations to re-vitalize their languages in connection with the United Nations Year for Indigenous Peoples in 1993, and the first United Nations Decade for Indigenous Peoples, 1995-2004. This article focuses on dictionaries of the languages of the Ainu populations in the borderlands between the nation-states Japan and Russia. The main argument is that the Ainu Cultural Promotion Act promulgated in 1997 had a significant impact on the production and purpose of Ainu dictionaries. The dictionaries prior to 1997 functioned, predominantly, as records, which contributed to the increased visibility of Ainu populations inside and outside Japan in the immediate national interests of Japan, whereas the dictionaries published after 1997 are intended to enable the active use of Ainu language today. An important sub-point is that the post-1997 Ainu dictionaries rely heavily on dictionaries, word lists, and grammar books compiled before 1997, which have therefore come to support efforts to re-vitalize Ainu languages in the twenty-first century.
Thermodynamic properties of molybdate ion: reaction cycles and experiments
Authors: Gamsjäger Heinz , Morishita Masao 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Standard molar quantities of molybdate ion entropy,

S
m
0

,

$S_{\rm{m}}^0,$

enthalpy of formation,

Δ
f

H
m
o

,

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}H_m^{\rm{o}},$

and Gibbs energy of formation,

Δ
f

G
m
o

,

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}G_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}},$

are key data for the thermodynamic properties of molybdenum compounds and complexes, which are at present investigated by an OECD NEA review project. The most reliable method to determine

Δ
f

H
m
o

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}H_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}}$

of molybdate ion and alkali molybdates directly consists in measuring calorimetrically the enthalpy of dissolution of crystallized molybdenum trioxide and anhydrous alkali molybdates in corresponding aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solutions. Solubility equilibria of sparingly soluble alkaline earth molybdates and silver molybdate lead to trustworthy data for

Δ
f

G
m
o

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}G_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}}$

of molybdate ion. Thereby the Gibbs energies of the metal molybdates and the corresponding metal ions are combined with the Gibbs energies of dissolution. As reliable values are available for

Δ
f

G
m
o

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}G_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}}$

of the relevant metal ions the problem reduces to select the best values of solubility constants and

Δ
f

G
m
o

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}G_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}}$

of alkaline earth molybdates and silver molybdate. There are two independent possibilities to achieve the latter task. (1)

Δ
f

H
m
o

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}H_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}}$

for alkaline earth molybdates and silver molybdate have been determined by solution calorimetry. Entropy data of molybdenum have been compiled and evaluated recently. CODATA key values are available for

S
m
o

$S_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}}$

of the other elements involved. Whereas

S
m
o

(

CaMoO

4

,
cr
)

$S_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}}({\rm{CaMo}}{{\rm{O}}_4},{\rm{ cr}})$

is well known since decades, low-temperature heat capacity measurements had to be performed recently, but now reliable values for

S
m
o

$S_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}}$

of Ag2MoO4(cr), BaMoO4(cr) and SrMoO4(cr) are available. (2)

Δ
f

H
m
o

(

BaMoO

4

,
cr
)
,

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}H_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}}({\rm{BaMo}}{{\rm{O}}_4},{\rm{ cr}}),$

for example, can be obtained from high temperature equilibria also, but the result is less accurate than that of the first method. Once Gibbs energy of formation,

Δ
f

G
m
o

,

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}G_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}},$

and enthalpy of formation,

Δ
f

H
m
o

,

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}H_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}},$

of molybdate ion are known its standard entropy,

S
m
o

,

$S_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}},$

can be calculated.
A Study on Rational Solutions to a KP-like Equation
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Ma Wen-Xiu 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A KP-like nonlinear differential equation is introduced through a generalised bilinear equation which possesses the same bilinear form as the standard KP bilinear equation. By symbolic computation, nine classes of rational solutions to the resulting KP-like equation are generated from a search for polynomial solutions to the corresponding generalised bilinear equation. Three generalised bilinear differential operators adopted are associated with the prime number p=3.
“To Save the Forests”
Authors: Vitz Matthew 
Published: March 2015

During the 1940s, urban Mexico began to shift from fuelwood to petroleum for its household energy needs. I trace this energy transition in Mexico City, interweaving histories of production and consumption, city and hinterland. The household energy transition highlights a series of overlapping policy shifts in 1940s Mexico: a retreat from rural social justice and the support of urban industrialization that pivoted on the redistribution of national oil wealth. By underscoring the role of political power in energy transitions, I also contribute to the larger field of energy history, which has prioritized energy regimes in the North Atlantic.
En el México urbano, durante la década de los cuarenta, el consumo doméstico de energía pasó del combustible vegetal al petróleo. En este artículo doy cuenta de este cambio energético en la ciudad de México, intercalando historias de producción y consumo, de la ciudad y el hinterland. Esta transición en la energía doméstica señala una acumulación de cambios en la política de 1940 en México: un retroceso en la justicia social rural y el apoyo de una industrialización urbana que giró alrededor de la redistribución nacional de la riqueza petrolera. Al enfatizar el papel del poder político en las transiciones energéticas, contribuyo al campo más amplio de la historia de la energía que le ha dado más prioridad a los sistemas energéticos en el Atlántico Norte.
“An Urgent Need for Hygiene”
Authors: López Amanda M. 
Published: March 2015

In 1909, the Mexico City Department of Public Works installed two crematory ovens in the capital’s municipal cemetery, the Panteón de Dolores, in culmination of a late nineteenth-century campaign by officials that advocated cremation as a modern and hygienic form of burial for all Mexicans. In practice, all classes rejected cremation and only the very poor were cremated. This essay examines the arguments for and against cremation and the implementation and daily practice surrounding cremation in Mexico City from the 1870s–1920. The establishment of cremation was part of the Porfirian project to modernize and sanitize Mexico that targeted the poor as an obstacle to progress.En 1909, el Departamento de Obras Públicas de la ciudad de México instaló dos hornos crematorios en el cementerio municipal de la capital, el Panteón de Dolores, en culminación de una campaña a finales del siglo XIX por los funcionarios que defendían la cremación como una forma moderna e higiénica de entierro para todos los mexicanos. En práctica, todas las clases rechazaron cremación y sólo los muy pobres fueron cremados. Este ensayo examina los argumentos a favor y en contra de la cremación y la implementación y la práctica diaria que rodea la cremación en la ciudad de México entre 1870–1920. El establecimiento de la cremación era parte del proyecto porfiriano de modernizar y desinfectar México que apuntó a los pobres como un obstáculo al progreso.
Сукцесії в угрупованнях цьоголіток риб Кременчуцького водосховища різних біоекологічних груп і промислових категорій
Authors: Kotovska G. O. 
Published: March 2015

Проаналізовано результати обліку цьоголіток риб Кременчуцького водосховища з урахуванням їх приналежності до різних біоекологічних груп і промислових категорій за останні 50 років. Простежено зміни в угрупованнях молоді риб Кременчуцького водосховища. Показано, що найчисельнішою групою за типом нерестового субстрату були фітофіли. У літофільній групі риб встановлена заміна домінуючих видів. За типом живлення молоді риб домінували бентофаги.
Влияние некоторых антикоагулянтов на динамику концентрации сахара в крови коз
Authors: Zapryanova D. S. , Mircheva T. G. , Dinev T. G. 
Published: March 2015

Досліджено динаміку вмісту глюкози в крові кіз (у момент відбору проби, через 3, 6 та 24 години) під впливом чотирьох антикоагулянтів (розчини фториду та цитрату натрію, гепарину, комплек­сону III). При тривалому зберіганні проб крові відмічено зниження рівня глюкози, най­більше виражене при застосуванні цитрату натрію.
Biosorption of heavy metals by marine algae Ulva rigida, Cystoseira barbata and C. crinita
Authors: Simeonova A. , Petkova S. 
Published: March 2015

Adsorption properties of three different marine algae (Ulva rigida (green algae); Cystoseira barbata (brown algae) and Cystoseira crinita (brown algae)) were investigated. They were collected from the Black Sea coastal area in Varna region, Bulgaria. Kinetics were studied to evaluate the ability of the three algae to sequester Cu (II), Zn (II), Pb (II), Ni (II), Cd (II) from aqueous solution. The maximum biosorption capacity obtained was 2.84 mgeq Ni2+/g for Cystoseira crinita and 2.28 mgeq Cu2+/g for Cystoseira barbata at a solution pH of 5 ± 0.5. The influence of pH of the solution and algae mass on the heavy metal sorption was investigated either. Desorption using 0.05 M HNO3 was carried out and was determined that regeneration of biomass for use in multiple cycles of Cd (II) biosorption –desorption should be feasible.
Los hebreos: Un legado religioso
Authors: Carvajal Mena Ligia 
Published: March 2015

Los primeros asentamientos humanos tuvieron lugar en las riberas de ríos como el Éufrates, Tigris y Nilo. Estas tierras, por su fertilidad, se convirtieron en cuna de culturas que dejaron un legado importante para el desarrollo de la humanidad.En el marco de esas culturas destaca la hebrea que asume aspectos culturales foráneos, los recompone y da un salto original en su cultura, especialmente en el ámbito religioso. Lo anterior al establecer inequívocamente el monoteísmo, realizar mejores construcciones (entre lo religioso y lo astronómico) y crear un Dios con fuerte contenido ético, que trasciende del ámbito nacional al universal.
O DIREITO À INFORMAÇÃO E O ACESSO A DOCUMENTOS PÚBLICOS DA DITADURA MILITAR: A PROTEÇÃO PELA JURISDIÇÃO CONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: Júnior João Francisco da Mota 
Published: March 2015

O presente trabalho questiona como a jurisdição
constitucional contribui – ou contribuiu – para a
proteção do direito à informação referente aos documentos
públicos da ditadura militar, por meio
da análise empírica do RMS nº 23036 do STF e da
ADPF nº 153. A questão ao envolver a garantia do
acesso a documentos do período do regime militar
se reporta a princípios constitucionais e basilares
da sociedade contemporânea, o que, sem
dúvida, inclui o direito fundamental à informação
e o direito à verdade. Nos referidos julgamentos,
anteriores à Lei de Acesso à Informação, o STF embora
afirme faltar norma regulamentadora para o
exercício do direito à informação (art. 5º, XXXIII,
CF), utiliza-se de princípios e interpretação para
concessão e garantia desse direito, como jurisdição
constitucional.