bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of bioactive glass in calcium phosphate cement: Material characterization and in vitro degradation
Authors: Renno A. C. M. , Nejadnik M. R. , van de Watering F. C. J. , Crovace M. C. , Zanotto E. D. , Hoefnagels J. P. M. , Wolke J. G. C. , Jansen J. A. , van den Beucken J. J. J. P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCalcium phosphate cements (CPCs) have been widely used as an alternative to biological grafts due to their excellent osteoconductive properties. Although degradation has been improved by using poly(D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres as porogens, the biological performance of CPC/PLGA composites is insufficient to stimulate bone healing in large bone defects. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of incorporating osteopromotive bioactive glass (BG; up to 50 wt %) on setting properties, in vitro degradation behavior and morphological characteristics of CPC/BG and CPC/PLGA/BG. The results revealed that the initial and final setting time of the composites increased with increasing amounts of incorporated BG. The degradation test showed a BG‐dependent increasing effect on pH of CPC/BG and CPC/PLGA/BG pre‐set scaffolds immersed in PBS compared to CPC and CPC/PLGA equivalents. Whereas no effects on mass loss were observed for CPC and CPC/BG pre‐set scaffolds, CPC/PLGA/BG pre‐set scaffolds showed an accelerated mass loss compared with CPC/PLGA equivalents. Morphologically, no changes were observed for CPC and CPC/BG pre‐set scaffolds. In contrast, CPC/PLGA and CPC/PLGA/BG showed apparent degradation of PLGA microspheres and faster loss of integrity for CPC/PLGA/BG pre‐set scaffolds compared with CPC/PLGA equivalents. Based on the present in vitro results, it can be concluded that BG can be successfully introduced into CPC and CPC/PLGA without exceeding the setting time beyond clinically acceptable values. All injectable composites containing BG had suitable handling properties and specifically CPC/PLGA/BG showed an increased rate of mass loss. Future investigations should focus on translating these findings to in vivo applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
The effect of particle size on the osteointegration of injectable silicate‐substituted calcium phosphate bone substitute materials
Authors: Coathup Melanie J. , Cai Qian , Campion Charlie , Buckland Thomas , Blunn Gordon W 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCalcium phosphate (CaP) particles as a carrier in an injectable bone filler allows less invasive treatment of bony defects. The effect of changing granule size within a poloxamer filler on the osteointegration of silicate‐substituted calcium phosphate (SiCaP) bone substitute materials was investigated in an ovine critical‐sized femoral condyle defect model. Treatment group (TG) 1 consisted of SiCaP granules sized 1000–2000 μm in diameter (100 vol %). TG2 investigated a granule size of 250–500 μm (75 vol %), TG3 a granule size of 90–125 μm (75 vol %) and TG4 a granule size of 90–125 μm (50 vol %). Following a 4 and 8 week in vivo period, bone area, bone‐implant contact, and remaining implant area were quantified within each defect. At 4 weeks, significantly increased bone formation was measured in TG2 (13.32% ± 1.38%) when compared with all other groups (p = 0.021 in all cases). Bone in contact with the bone substitute surface was also significantly higher in TG2. At 8 weeks most new bone was associated within defects containing the smallest granule size investigated (at the lower volume) (TG4) (42.78 ± 3.36%) however this group was also associated with higher amounts of fragmented SiCaP. These smaller particles were phagocytosed by macrophages and did not appear to have a negative influence on healing. In conclusion, SiCaP granules of 250–500 μm in size may be a more suitable scaffold when used as an injectable bone filler and may be a convenient method for treating bony defects. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 101B: 902–910, 2013
Fibroblast growth factor, estrogen, and prolactin receptor features in different grades of prostatic adenocarcinoma in elderly men
Authors: Hetzl Amanda Cia , Montico Fabio , Misitieri Raisa , Kido Larissa , Cândido Eduardo , Billis Athanase , Ferreira Ubirajara , Cagnon Valeria Ha 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe objective was to characterize and associate the receptor reactivities of fibroblastic growth factor (FGF)‐2, FGF‐7, FGF‐8, epidermal growth factor (EGF), α‐actin and vimentin in relation to the androgen receptor (AR), α and β estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), and prolactin receptor in the prostate of elderly men showing low‐ and high‐grade adenocarcinoma. Thirty prostatic samples were taken from 60‐ to 90‐year‐old patients without prostatic lesions and with low‐grade cancer and high‐grade cancer, from the University Hospital, School of Medicine, the State University of Campinas. The results showed that increased FGF‐2, FGF‐7, and FGF‐8 receptor reactivities and decreased AR reactivity were verified in both high‐ and low‐grade cancer. However, the FGF‐8 receptor showed greater involvement at the beginning of the malignancy alterations. Increased EGF receptor (EGFR) reactivity and diminished α‐actin immunohistochemistry were identified in both cancer groups. Also, increased ERα, PR, and vimentin receptors were verified in both cancer groups. To conclude, the ERα involvement in the reactive stroma activation led to a microenvironment, which was favorable to cancer progression, due to maximizing stromal imbalance. The prolactin could be related to cancer progression due to its interaction with ERα action, indicating that this hormone could be a relevant target to prevent the estrogenic effects in the prostatic lesions. Both FGF receptor (FGFR)‐2 and FGFR‐8 play a fundamental role in the early stages of prostate cancer, suggesting that these molecules could be a promising therapeutic target. The differential localization of the fibroblastic factors between the prostatic epithelium and stroma of elderly men, who presented prostate cancer, could indicate a favorable distinction for tumoral progression. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:321–330, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy of different final irrigant activation protocols on smear layer removal by EDTA and citric acid
Authors: Herrera Daniel R. , Santos Zarina T. , Tay Lidia Y. , Silva Emmanuel J. , Loguercio Alessandro D. , Gomes Brenda P.F.A. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different activation protocols for chelating agents used after chemo‐mechanical preparation (CMP), for smear layer (SL) removal. Forty‐five single‐rooted human premolars with straight canals and fully formed apex were selected. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups depending on the chelating agent used for smear layer removal: distilled water (DW, control group); 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); and 10% citric acid (CA). Each group was further divided into three subgroups according to the activation protocol used: no‐activation (NA), manual dynamic activation (MDA), or sonic activation (SA). After CMP, all specimens were sectioned and processed for observation of the apical thirds by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two calibrated evaluators attributed scores to each specimen. The differences between activation protocols were analyzed with Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann‐Whitney U tests. Friedman and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used for comparison between each root canal third. When chelating agents were activated, either by MDA or SA, it was obtained the best cleaning results with no significant difference between EDTA and CA (P > 0.05). Sonic activation showed the best results when root canal thirds were analyzed, in comparison to MDA and NA groups (P < 0.05). The activation of chelating agents, independent of the protocol used, benefits smear layer removal from root canals. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:364–369, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Formation of insulin fragments by insulin‐degrading enzyme: the role of zinc(II) and cystine bridges
Authors: Bellia Francesco , Pietropaolo Adriana , Grasso Giuseppe 
Published: January 2013

Insulin is the hormone mainly involved in widespread diseases such as diabetes mellitus. It is widely recognized that metal ions such as zinc(II) as well as insulin degradation and insulin fragments are inexplicably linked to the hormone action. Insulin‐degrading enzyme (IDE) has been identified as the main factor of insulin degradation, but it is still unknown the exact way and location at which IDE action toward insulin occurs and how metal ions can modulate this interaction. Interestingly, some insulin fragments have different biological activity from the intact hormone, and it is not clear how they can be generated from insulin.In this work, the role of zinc(II) and cystine bridges in the degradation of insulin by IDE are investigated by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS), and the experimental conditions at which peculiar insulin fragments having biological activity are formed by the action of IDE are found and discussed. Docking simulations of IDE/insulin A and B chains are in good accordance with the insulin fragments detected by HPLC‐MS. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliable reduced cost modeling and design optimization of microwave filters using co‐kriging
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Leifsson Leifur , Couckuyt Ivo , Dhaene Tom 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYA reliable methodology for accurate modeling of microwave filter is presented. Our approach exploits co‐kriging that utilizes low‐fidelity and high‐fidelity electromagnetic simulation data and combines them into a single surrogate model. Densely sampled low‐fidelity data determine a trend function, which is further corrected by sparsely sampled high‐fidelity simulations. Low‐fidelity electromagnetic data are also enhanced by using a frequency scaling to reduce its misalignment with the high‐fidelity model. With our method, accurate models can be obtained at a fraction of the cost required by conventional approximation models that are exclusively based on high‐fidelity simulations. Three examples of microstrip filters are considered for verification purposes. We also provide comparisons with conventional approximation models and include an application of co‐kriging models for filter design optimization. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Common trace elements alleviate pain in an experimental mouse model
Authors: Tamba Bogdan I. , Leon Maria‐Magdalena , Petreus Tudor 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTrace elements represent a group of essential metals or metaloids necessary for life, present in minute amounts. Analgesic adjuvants can enhance the effect of other pain drugs or be used for pain control themselves. Previous studies on the effects of trace elements on nociception and their potential use as analgesic adjuvants have yielded conflicting results. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that three vital trace elements (Zn2+, Mg2+, Cu2+) have direct antinociceptive effects. Groups of eight Swiss mice were intraperitoneally (i.p) injected with incremental concentrations of Zn2+ sulfate (0.5, 2.0 mg/kg), Zn2+ citrate (0.125, 0.5 mg/kg), Mg2+ chloride (37.5, 75, 150 mg/kg), Cu2+ chloride (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg), and Cu2+ sulfate (0.5, 1.0 mg/kg) or saline (control). Evaluations were made by hot plate (HP) and tail flick (TF) tests for central antinociceptive effect, writhing test (WT) for visceral antinociceptive effect, and activity cage (AC) test for spontaneous behavior. Zn2+ induced pain inhibition in HP/TF tests (up to 17%) and WT (up to 25%), with no significant differences among the salts used. Mg2+ salts induced pain inhibition for all performed tests (up to 85% in WT). Cu2+ salts showed antinociceptive effects for HP/TF (up to 28.6%) and WT (57.28%). Only Mg2+ and Cu2+ salts have displayed significant effects in AC (Mg2+ anxiolytic/depressant effect; Cu2+ anxiolytic effect). We interpret these data to mean that all tested trace elements induced antinociceptive effects in central and visceral pain tests. Our data indicate the potential use of these cheap adjuvants in pain therapy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 inhibition prevents learning deficits in diabetic mice
Authors: King Matthew R. , Anderson Nicholas J. , Guernsey Lucie S. , Jolivalt Corinne G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThere is an increasing awareness that diabetes has an impact on the central nervous system, with reports of impaired learning, memory, and mental flexibility being more common in diabetic subjects than in the general population. Insulin‐deficient diabetic mice also display learning deficits associated with defective insulin‐signaling in the brain and increased activity of GSK3. In the present study, AR‐A014418, a GSK3β inhibitor, and TX14(A), a neurotrophic factor with GSK3 inhibitory properties, were tested against the development of learning deficits in mice with insulin‐deficient diabetes. Treatments were started at onset of diabetes and continued for 10 weeks. Treatment with AR‐A014418 or TX14(A) prevented the development of learning deficits, assessed by the Barnes maze, but only AR‐A014418 prevented memory deficits, as assessed by the object recognition test. Diabetes‐induced increased levels of amyloid β protein and phosphorylated tau were not significantly affected by the treatments. However, the diabetes‐induced decrease in synaptophysin, a presynaptic protein marker of hippocampal plasticity, was partially prevented by both treatments. These results suggest a role for GSK3 and/or reduced neurotrophic support in the development of cognitive deficits in diabetic mice that are associated with synaptic damage. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hotel Innovation and Its Effect on Business Performance
Authors: Mattsson Jan , Orfila‐Sintes Francina 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the dynamics of hotel innovation and its impact on hotel performance with a representative sample of the whole hotel sector operating in the Balearic Islands, Spain. The managers of sampled hotels (N = 331) answered questions about innovations over a 6‐year period. On the basis of an earlier developed model of innovation types, we investigate the effect on performance of different types of innovation. We find that two combinations of innovation types impact hotel performance in a positive way, namely the combinations termed, Full and Service&Back‐Office innovation. We therefore suggest that these combinations are used to create synergies for hotel performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Hydrolytic Degradation Behavior of Linear and Branched Poly(L‐lactide)s and Poly(L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)s
Authors: Atkinson Jeffrey L. , Vyazovkin Sergey 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLinear and branched poly(lactide)s and poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide)s are synthesized using stannous (II) 2‐ethylhexanoate and alcoholic co‐initators resulting in polymers with 1, 2, 25, or 51 arms. 1‐dodecanol is used to produce the 1‐arm polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) is used for the 2‐arm polymers, and poly(glycidol)s of appropriate molecular weights are used to initiate the 25‐ and 51‐arm branched polyesters. The polymers are evaluated by melt rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis. In vitro degradation is investigated in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 at 37 °C for 28 d for moisture uptake and mass loss. Degraded samples are analyzed by gravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, dilute solution viscometry (Cannon‐Fenske), and gel‐permeation chromatography.magnified image
Toward Photopatternable Thin Film Optical Sensors Utilizing Reactive Polyphenylacetylenes
Authors: Pauly Anja C. , Theato Patrick 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSubstituted polyphenylacetylenes featuring reactive pentafluorophenyl (PFP) ester moieties are synthesized. Parts of the reactive PFP groups are then converted with a mono ortho‐nitrobenzyl‐protected diamine in variable ratios. Thin films are prepared from these copolymers and irradiated with UV light (λ = 365 nm), resulting in crosslinking of the irradiated areas and hence enabling a photopatterning. We found that during the photocrosslinking process, the excess of PFP ester moieties is stable and remained intact, enabling a subsequent post‐polymerization modification step with amines. Noteworthy, this subsequent modification with amines results in a dramatically shift in the UV–vis absorption spectra, rendering these patterned conjugated polymer films ideal candidates for optical sensors.
Similar Problem in the Activities of Daily Living but Different Experience: A Qualitative Analysis in Six Rheumatic Conditions and Eight European Countries
Authors: Stamm Tanja , Hieblinger Robin , Boström Carina , Mihai Carina , Birrell Fraser , Thorstensson Carina , Fialka‐Moser Veronika , Meriaux‐Kratochvila Silvia , Smolen Josef , Coenen Michaela 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to compare and contrast the concepts of functioning in daily life which were important to patients with different rheumatological conditions.MethodThe study comprised a qualitative analysis of 44 focus groups in eight European countries, in 229 patients with fibromyalgia, hand osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis, using the World Health Organization, 2001 International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a framework. Concepts and – where necessary – also sub‐concepts and transcripts were combined and compared independently by two researchers who, in case of disagreement, achieved consensus through discussion.ResultsTwenty concepts out of 109 (e.g. body image, fatigue, emotional issues, mobility and hand function) were similarly described in all six diseases. However, even if the same concept was mentioned, patients' experiences were different, such as mental AND physical aspects limiting the ability to drive in patients with fibromyalgia compared with ONLY physical problems in all other diseases. Within body functions and structures, several concepts were relevant for certain conditions only.ConclusionA large number of similar problems are mentioned as ‘typical’ by patients with different rheumatic conditions. These could probably be targeted, using a disease‐specific approach, in interventions by non‐physician health professionals. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PP‐based WPCs—Influence of the molar mass of matrix and coupling agent
Authors: Sobczak L. , Steiner M. , Schausberger A. , Haider A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSix commercial polypropylene (PP) homopolymer grades, ranging from 2 to 125 g/10 min in MFR (230°C/2.16 kg), and from 530 to 180 kDa in terms of molar mass (mass average; Mw), have been tested as matrix polymers in wood polymer composites (WPCs) with a wood content of 40%. To check for possible molecular weight controlled interactions between matrix and additives, five different maleic anhydride grafted PP (MA‐PPs) coupling agents (CAs) have been included in the screening as well. Flexural properties, impact strength, and water absorption of the resulting composites served as responses. In addition, crystallinities, surface contact angles (on solid specimens), and rheological properties of the melt were measured for several compounds. The most important outcome of the study is that matrix polymer properties, as influenced by molar mass, are largely reflected in the resulting WPCs. Surprisingly, water absorption of the composites increases with matrix MFR, a phenomenon as yet not published for PP‐based compounds. Furthermore, dynamic rheometry results indicate that the interaction of wood particles with PP melts is dependent on polymer and coupling agent Mw. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Enolate anionic initiator, sodium deoxybenzoin, for leading living natures by formation of aggregators at the growth chain ends
Authors: Min Joonkeun , Yoo Hee‐Soo , Shah Priyank N. , Chae Chang‐Geun , Lee Jae‐Suk 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe living anionic polymerization of n‐hexyl isocyanate (HIC) using a newly developed initiator forming metal–enolate complex, sodium deoxybenzoin (Na‐DB), is reported. For the polymerization of HIC, Na‐DB serves the dual functions of providing controlled fast initiation and efficiently protecting the living chain ends. The use of Na‐DB has resulted in quantitative polymer yields (∼100%), effective control of the polymer's molecular weights, and low polydispersity index. To examine the living nature of poly(n‐hexyl isocyanate) (PHIC), block copolymerization of HIC with another isocyanate monomer, 3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate (TESPI), was carried out. The resulting block copolymer, poly(n‐hexyl isocyanate)‐b‐poly(3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate) (PHIC‐b‐PTESPI) was synthesized successfully via living anionic polymerization using Na‐DB with quantitative yield and controlled molecular weight. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Triptycene‐containing polyetherolefins via acyclic diene metathesis polymerization
Authors: Sydlik Stefanie A. , Delgado Paula A. , Inomata Sotaro , VanVeller Brett , Yang Yong , Swager Timothy M. , Wagener Kenneth B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSeveral new triptycene‐containing polyetherolefins were synthesized via acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization. The well‐established mechanism, high selectivity and specificity, mild reaction conditions, and well‐defined end‐groups make the ADMET polymerization a good choice for studying systematic variations in polymer structure. Two types of triptycene‐based monomer with varying connectivities were used in the synthesis of homopolymers, block copolymers, and random copolymers. In this way, the influence of the triptycene architecture and concentration in the polymer backbone on the thermal behavior of the polymers was studied. Inclusion of increasing amounts of triptycene were found to increase the glass transition temperature, from −44 °C in polyoctenamer to 59 °C in one of the hydrogenated triptycene homopolymers (H‐PT2). Varying the amounts and orientations of triptycene was found to increase the stiffness (H‐PT1), toughness (PT11‐b‐PO1) and ductility (PT11‐ran‐PO3) of the polymer at room temperature. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Synthesis of ABA‐triblock and star‐diblock copolymers with poly(2‐adamantyl vinyl ether) and poly(n‐butyl vinyl ether) segments: New thermoplastic elastomers composed solely of poly(vinyl ether) backbones
Authors: Imaeda Tsuguto , Hashimoto Tamotsu , Irie Satoshi , Urushisaki Michio , Sakaguchi Toshikazu 
Published: January 2013

AbstractABA‐type triblock copolymers and AB‐type star diblock copolymers with poly(2‐adamantyl vinyl ether) [poly(2‐AdVE)] hard outer segments and poly(n‐butyl vinyl ether) [poly(NBVE)] soft inner segments were synthesized by sequential living cationic copolymerization. Although both the two polymer segments were composed solely of poly(vinyl ether) backbones and hydrocarbon side chains, they were segregated into microphase‐separated structure, so that the block copolymers formed thermoplastic elastomers. Both the ABA‐type triblock copolymers and the AB‐type star diblock copolymers exhibited rubber elasticity over wide temperature range. For example, the ABA‐type triblock copolymers showed rubber elasticity from about −53 °C to about 165 °C and the AB‐type star diblock copolymer did from about −47 °C to 183 °C with a similar composition of poly(2‐AdVE) and poly(NBVE) segments in the dynamic mechanical analysis. The AB‐type star diblock copolymers exhibited higher tensile strength and elongation at break than the ABA‐type triblock copolymers. The thermal decomposition temperatures of both the block copolymers were as high as 321–331 °C, indicating their high thermal stability. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013