bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective evaluation of the eruption of impacted permanent incisors after extraction of supernumerary teeth
Authors: Leyland Leila , Batra Puneet , Wong F , Llewelyn R 
Published: April 2015

Aims. Delayed eruption of teeth may be caused by the presence of one or more supernumerary teeth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate findings, predisposing factors and differentiate different techniques used that affect the outcome following removal of supernumerary teeth. A comprehensive literature review was also undertaken.Methods.A longitudinal retrospective study was carried out at the Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital. A total of 120 patients were identified from the general anesthesia records that had supernumeraries extracted. Only 43 cases had delayed eruption of teeth caused by supernumeraries. The pre and post extraction record data collected were the gender, radiographic assessment, position of the supernumerary, age at time of referral and extraction of the supernumerary, age at time of eruption of the impacted tooth and the orthodontic and surgical management.Results. The mean age of referral was 9.1 years with a male to female ratio of 4.4:1. There was a greater predilection for supernumeraries to be on the left side and be positioned palatally.Tuberculate type supernumeraries were the most frequent followed by the conical type. Spontaneous eruption of the impacted tooth occurred in 49% of cases. Eruption of the impacted tooth within eighteen months following removal of the supernumerary was observed in 91% of cases. The chronological age and space availability were the two factors that were critical in determining if eruption was spontaneous following removal of the supernumerary.Conclusions. The findings of this study reiterates the fact that given early referral, sufficient space and time, the majority of teeth prevented from erupting by a supernumerary tooth would erupt spontaneously following removal of the supernumerary alone. Randomized multi-centre prospective studies are suggested.
Effects of Video Information on Parental Preoperative Anxiety Level and Their Perception of Conscious Sedation vs. General Anesthesia for the Dental Treatment of Their Young Child
Authors: Kupietzky Ari 
Published: April 2015

Aim. To investigate the impact of video information on parental preoperative anxiety and perception and their preference of conscious sedation versus general anesthesia for the dental treatment of young patients.
Method/materials. Parents were given a verbal explanation regarding the two treatment options and were then asked to fill out a prescreening questionnaire. Their preference for mode of treatment was obtained and their preoperative anxiety level was measured on a visual analog scale (VAS). A video film depicting two children under going dental treatment with conscious sedation (CS) and a third child undergoing general anesthesia (GA) for dental treatment was shown to the parent. Following the viewing of the video film a post-screening questionnaire was given. Parents' post screening anxiety was measured and they were asked if their perception and preference of the two modes of treatment remained the same or changed.
Results. 40 parents were included and completed the trial. The prescreening anxiety level of parents was 2.79 (± 1.05, SD) and was not significantly different than the post screening anxiety level of 2.91 (± .99 SD, paired t- test p=0.432). The majority of parents preferred CS to GA for the treatment of their child prior to screening of the video. Among the few who chose GA (n=5) all but one changed their choice after viewing the video to CS. However, this difference was not found to be statistically significant due to the small number of subjects in this group (McNemar test, p = 0.125). Most parents voiced the opinion that the video film contributed to their knowledge and also considered GA as having more risks than CS. An interesting finding was that a statistically significant difference was found regarding parent's perception of the two procedures and what they actually saw in the video. The majority of parents stated that their initial perception of GA was not similar to their viewing experience, conversely, CS matched their expectations.
Conclusion. Parents' anxiety regarding their child's dental treatment under GA or CS is not affected by the viewing of a video film depicting either method. Parent's perception of GA is different than the actual procedure and may affect their choice of treatment.
Clinical Assessment of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as Direct Pulp Capping in Young Permanent Teeth
Authors: Farsi Najat , Alamoudi Najlaa , Balto Khalid , Al Mushayt Abdullah 
Published: April 2015

Carious pulp exposure in permanent molars of children is a common incident. Mineral trioxide aggregate is a new material that possesses numerous exciting possibilities for pulp therapy.Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of MTA as a direct pulp capping agent in young permanent teeth.Methods: Thirty asymptomatic permanent molars with pulp exposures were treated by pulp capping using MTA. At each recall (6, 12, 18 and 24 months), the teeth were assessed clinically, through pulpal sensitivity tests, as well as radiographically to evaluate periapical healing.Results: None of the cases reported spontaneous pain at the six months follow up and the pulp showed signs of vitality and absence of periapical radiolucency. At 24 months, the clinical and radiographic success rate was 93% with evidence of continued root growth.Conclusion: Pulp capping with MTA is recommended for teeth with carious pulp exposures specially immature teeth with high potential for healing.
A Comparative Study of Streptococcus Mutans and Lactobacilli in Mothers and Children With Severe Early Childhood Caries (SECC) Versus a Caries Free Group of Children and Their Corresponding Mothers
Authors: Al Shukairy Haneen , Alamoudi Najlaa , Farsi Najat , Al Mushayt Abdullah , Masoud Ibrahim 
Published: April 2015

Early childhood caries (ECC) is recognized as an infectious disease. The first step in its development is primary infection by the bacterium S. mutans which has been identified as the primary etiologic factors in dental caries. Lactobacilli were also found to play a role in the progression of the disease. However, the underlying mechanism of immune response to caries is still unclear.The purpose of this study was to assess the level of cariogenic bacteria namely S. mutans and lactobacilli in caries free children, and children with SECC and their corresponding mothers. The study also aims at correlating the children's levels to their mothers.Sixty children and their mothers attending the dental clinic in King Abdulaziz University participated in our study. Their age ranged from 3 – 5 years. The study groups consisted of 30 children with SECC and a control group comprising of 30 caries free children.Children together with their mothers were examined and their caries level was recorded. Stimulated saliva was collected from each participant for bacterial, immunological assessment, and Lactobacilli counts in each sample were determined.Children with SECC had higher levels of S. mutans and Lactobacilli than caries free children. The mothers of children with SECC had a statistically higher count of Lactobacilli than caries free children's mothers. However, the difference was not statistically significant with respect to their S. mutans counts. A significant relationship exists among the mother- child pair in the SECC group with respect to S. mutans level in saliva.
Effect of Carbonated Beverages, Coffee, Sports and High Energy Drinks, and Bottled Water on the in vitro Erosion Characteristics of Dental Enamel
Authors: Kitchens Michael , Owens Barry 
Published: April 2015

Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of carbonated and non-carbonated beverages, bottled and tap water, on the erosive potential of dental enamel with and without fluoride varnish protection. Materials and Methods: Beverages used in this study included: Coca Cola Classic, Diet Coke, Gatorade sports drink, Red Bull high-energy drink, Starbucks Frappuccino coffee drink, Dasani water (bottled), and tap water (control). Enamel surfaces were coated with Cavity Shield 5% sodium fluoride treatment varnish. Twenty-eight previously extracted human posterior teeth free of hypocalcification and caries were used in this study. The coronal portion of each tooth was removed and then sectioned transverse from the buccal to lingual surface using a diamond coated saw blade. The crown sections were embedded in acrylic resin blocks leaving the enamel surfaces exposed. The enamel surfaces were polished using 600 to 2000 grit abrasive paper and diamond paste. Test specimens were randomly distributed to seven beverage groups and comprised 4 specimens per group. Two specimens per beverage group were treated with a fluoride varnish while 2 specimens did not receive fluoride coating. Surface roughness (profilometer) readings were performed at baseline (prior to fluoride treatment and immersion in the beverage) and again, following immersion for 14 days (24 hours/day). The test beverages were changed daily and the enamel specimens were immersed at 37° C. Surface roughness data was evaluated using multiple factor ANOVA at a significance level of p&lt;0.05. Results: Results showed that Coca-Cola Classic, Gatorade and Red Bull with/without fluoride revealed the highest post-treatment surface roughness measurements. Coca-Cola Classic, Diet Coke, Gatorade, and Red Bull all showed significantly higher post treatment readings than StarBucks coffee, Dasani water, and tap water. Fluoride varnish was not a significant impact factor; however, beverage (type) and exposure time were significant impact variables.
Conclusion: Both carbonated and non-carbonated beverages displayed a significant erosive effect on dental enamel; however, fluoride varnish treatments did not demonstrate a significant protective influence on enamel surfaces.
Treatment of Unilateral Buccal Crossbites in the Primary, Early Mixed, and Permanent Dentitions: Case Reports
Authors: Valencia Roberto 
Published: April 2015

It is important to recognize the development of an arch-width problem in pediatric patients and to determine the best time to treat it. One of these conditions is the posterior (buccal) crossbite where one may also find an exaggerated overjet, caused by maxillary excess, and/or mandibular width deficiency. One may also find a mandibular midline deviation on the side of the crossbite, creating a long-term orthopedic problem with a mild facial asymmetry.
When correction of this condition is attempted in adulthood, poor results can be expected, making this the most important reason for early treatment. Six clinical cases are presented, along with the mechanics performed in both arches
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Various Root Canal Filling Materials Used in Primary Teeth: A Microbiological Study
Authors: Reddy S , Ramakrishna Y 
Published: April 2015

The primary goal of endodontic treatment in primary teeth is to eliminate infection, and to retain the tooth in a functional state until their normal exfoliation time without endangering the permanent dentition or the general health of the child. The complexity of the pulp canal system in primary teeth presents a discerning problem for chemo-mechanical preparation. One of the factors determining the success of endodontic treatment in infected primary teeth is the sealing material that should encompass among other factors a potent bactericidal effect and the capacity to resorb along with the roots of primary teeth.
This study evaluated the antimicrobial effectiveness of 5 root canal filling materials and a negative control agent against 23 strains of bacteria isolated from infected root canals of primary molar teeth and 3 non standard bacterial strains using agar diffusion assay. The materials were Zinc oxide and Eugenol (ZOE), Zinc oxide-Eugenol and Formocresol (ZOE+FC), Calcium hydroxide and sterile water (CAOH+H2O), Zinc oxide and Camphorated phenol (ZO+CP), Calcium hydroxide and Iodoform (Metapex) and Vaseline (Control).
All the materials except Vaseline showed varied antimicrobial activity against the test bacteria. The zones of inhibition were ranked into 4 inhibition categories based on the proportional distribution of the data. All the 26 bacterial isolates were classified under 4 groups based on Aerobic/Anaerobic and Gram positive/Gram negative. Statistical analysis was carried out to compare the antimicrobial effectiveness between materials tested with each of the bacterial groupings. ZOE+FC produced strong inhibition against most bacteria when compared to ZOE, ZO+CP and CAOH+H2O. Metapex and Vaseline were found to be non inhibitory
Dentists' Perceptions, Attitudes, Knowledge, and Experience about Child Abuse and Neglect in Northeast Italy
Authors: Manea S. , Favero G. , Stellini E. , Romoli L. , Mazzucato M. , Facchin P. 
Published: April 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze dentists' perceptions, attitudes, knowledge and experience about child abuse and neglect (CAN) in an area of northeast Italy and the factors affecting the recognition and reporting of CAN cases.Material and Methods: One hundred six dentists working in both public and private sectors in the provinces of Padua and Treviso were interviewed by a single operator. Descriptive and assessing association analyses were carried out.Results: Dentists' perceptions about CAN is low, and these professionals have a poor attitude toward confronting it according to the code of conduct and laws. Available information and education are also poor. Education affects the detection and the reporting of CAN cases in a relevant way. Female gender is another factor that affects the attitude and the perception of CAN.Conclusions: The results, which are consistent with other studies, show that there is a general lack of knowledge about CAN that prevents dentists from detecting and identifying suspected cases. Despite its frequent occurrence among dental patients, neglect is the least known and identified type of abuse. Education is the critical element in enhancing the ability of professionals to detect cases.
Risk Factors for Caries in Children from South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Folayan Morenike , Sowole Ayomide , Kola-Jebutu Aderonke 
Published: April 2015

Objective: The objective of this study was to understand the relationship between relevant socio-economic,biological and behavioral indicators and dental caries experience of Nigerian children.
Method: A cross sectional study design was utilized. The study population consisted of children who visited two Child Dental Health Clinics in South Western Nigeria. Information collected include demographic data,feeding practices, dietary habit, use of medications and daily frequency of tooth brushing. The number of decayed, filled and missing teeth (dmft/DMFT) was noted for children with caries. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was carried to select the best predictor for the presence of caries and for high caries levels (a dmft/DMFT greater than 3).
Results: The only predictor for caries was age with the possibility of having caries being 0.89 (11% reduced odds) for every year increase in age (95% CI 0.82 to 0.97) p=0.008. However, the predictor for a high caries level was age and gender; the odds of having a dmft/DMFT equal to or higher than 3 was 0.80 (20% reduced odds) for every year increase in age (95% CI 0.72 to 0.88) p&lt;0.001 and 0.57 (43% reduced odds) for every female child (95% CI 0.33 to 0.98) p=0.04 compared to a male child.
Conclusion: Children from this study population who consumed sugar once a day are at risk of developing caries. Also, male children whose daily consumption of sugar was equal to or greater than three times daily,were at risk for having a dmft/DMFT higher than 3.
The Relationship of Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescensand Prevotella melaninogenica in the Supragingival Plaque of Children, Caries and Oral Malodor
Authors: Tanaka Shoji , Yoshida Mikako , Murakami Yukio , Ogiwara Takako , Shoji Masao , Kobayashi Satoko , Watanabe Sigeru , Machino Mamoru , Fujisawa Seiichiro 
Published: April 2015

Purpose: A relationship between the distribution of periodontal bacteria species and malodor in children has not been sufficiently investigated. The present study was undertaken to determine the presence of 3 periodontopathic bacteria (Prevotella spp. P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, P. melaninogenica) in the supragingival plaques of 3 to 16-year-old children with different oral health conditions and oral malodor. Methods: The number of decayed and filled primary teeth (df) and Decayed, Missing and Filled permanent teeth (DMF),Papillary Marginal and Attached gingivitis (PMA) index, Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), and oral malodor of each subject were determined prior to the collection of supragingival plaques. Three periodontopathic bacteria(P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, P. melaninogenica ) in supragingival plaques were detected by using an immunoslot blot assay with monoclonal antibodies specific for each microorganism. Findings: The frequencies of periodontopathic bacteria in children with and without caries were not significantly different from each other. Positivity for P. intermedia, but not for P. nigrescens or P. melaninogenica was correlated with oral malodor. Oral malodor was also correlated with the debris index, a component of OHI.The group with the higher OHI showed a higher prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria. For the 3 periodontopathic bacteria in the subjects tested, plaques positive for any of them were not age related. However,the frequencies of all 3 periodontopathic bacteria were the highest in the 3-6-year olds. Conclusion: The supragingival plaques in children can harbor 3 species of periodontopathic bacteria, P. intermedia,P. nigrescens, and P. melaninogenica.
Treatment Classification of Class III Malocclusion
Authors: Kanas Robert , Carapezza Leonard , Kanas Scott 
Published: April 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify Class III malocclusions within a pediatric practice that lend themselves to a more favorable treatment outcome at an earlier age (before 10 years) rather than initiating treatment at later adolescent growth stages and also to identify the degree of difficulty of the treatment of the Class III malocclusion.Methods: Review of the current dental literature pertaining to the different clinical types of Class III malocclusions and their respective treatment protocols was performed. Various classification systems were studied and compared. A new treatment classification system of Class III malocclusions utilizing three dentoalveolar and three skeletal components combined with cephalometric information derived from commonly used cephalometric analyses was developed.Results: Class III treatment types were conclusively identified: 1.) Early orthodontics only, 2.) Early combined orthodontics and orthopedics, 3.) Combined orthodontics and orthognathic surgery.Conclusions: The conclusion supports Edward H. Angle's finding: "In studying a case of malocclusion, give no thought to the methods of treatment or appliances until the case shall have been classified and all peculiarities and variations from the normal type, occlusion and facial lines have been thoroughly comprehended. Then the requirements and proper plan of treatment becomes apparent."
Characteristics, Clinical Features and Treatment of Supernumerary Teeth
Authors: Yassin Othman , Hamori Eman 
Published: April 2015

Aims: To determine the characteristics, clinical features and treatment of supernumerary teeth in a general district hospital in the North of Jordan.Design: This retrospective study was conducted at Prince Rashid Al-Hassan Hospital in Irbid. The medical records of 139 patients who were diagnosed to have supernumerary teeth during the period April 1993 –June 2007 were reviewed. Clinical data on the location, number, eruption status, stages of development, and the types of supernumerary teeth were recorded, along with information on demographics, treatment, associated systemic syndromes, effects on adjacent teeth, and treatment. Results: The male to female ratio was 2.2:1. Of the 186 supernumerary teeth investigated (65.0%) were conical, (23.7%) supplemental, (10.8%)tuberculate and (0.5%) odontoma. Two-thirds of the supernumeraries were erupted. Of this sample (21.6%)patients had multiple supernumerary teeth. The most frequent location was at the premaxilla level. The most common effect on adjacent teeth was delayed eruption (23.1%). Simple and surgical extractions of supernumerary teeth were done for (81.7%) of the cases and orthodontic treatment was needed in (74.1%) of patients. Conclusion: Supernumerary teeth are an uncommon dental entity. An early diagnosis prevents or reduces the risk of complications and when combined with an earlier removal has a better prognosis.
The Influence of an Oral Health Education Program Provided in a Community Dental Clinic on the Prevalence of Caries Among 12-14 Year-Old Children
Authors: Moskovitz Moti , Abud Wassim , Ram Diana 
Published: April 2015

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of an oral health education program when given in a public dental clinic, by assessing caries and restorations.
Methods: This was done by assessing changes in caries prevalence in the mouth of children aged 12 to 14 year- old. Data was obtained from files of patients treated in the Dental Volunteers for Israel (DVI) clinic in Jerusalem. Children must prove understanding and also application of what they learned in the educational program in order to receive restorative dental treatment.
Results: 280 children were included in the intervention group. The control group constituted 173 children who had never had any restorative treatment in the DVI clinic. The extent of caries surfaces differed greatly between the intervention and the control groups. 35.2% of the control group, and as many as 64% of the intervention group had low caries (DMFS&lt; 3). The situation is reversed when comparing the difference in the restored teeth surfaces between the two groups- 56.6% of the control group had no restorations and 66.2% of the children in the intervention group had treated teeth. DMFS scores reveal fewer differences between the two groups. The mean carious surface was 1.8 times greater in the control group, and the restored surfaces were 2.1 times greater for the intervention children. Nevertheless when comparing DMFS means between control and intervention groups t-test result shows no statistical significant difference for the slightly lower DMFS levels in the intervention group.
Conclusions: This study shows that even a comprehensive preventive program given by professional personnel,followed by free dental treatment, is not enough to improve dental health status for children from a lower socioeconomic class. Still, a consideration of the ethical responsibility of the profession to educate children about oral diseases and their prevention should be carried out, irrespective of the implementation of the knowledge.