bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonmetal-Hybridized Interstitial High-Entropy Platinum Alloys for Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Practical Fuel Cells
Authors: Liu Tao , Gao Pengyu , Li Junjian , Li Xuyao , Zhang De , Zhong Li , Liu Min , Franke Carlo , Gao Zongyan , Zhou Lina , Li Tong , Liu Hao , Cheng Yongxin , Zhang Lihan , Yan Pengfei , Shi Zhan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Discovering catalysts with both extraordinary activity and stability is a pivotal, yet highly challenging task for many modern electrocatalysis. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have been considered promising electrocatalysts that could fulfill both requirements, in that their high configurational entropy could stabilize the catalyst independently of the enthalpic factor closely coupled to catalytic efficacy. It is hypothesized that incorporation of nonmetallic elements (N, B, F etc.) into conventional all-metallic HEAs might stimulate unique virtues complementing the roles of metallic constitutes. However, incorporating multiple light nonmetal elements into HEAs within a single synthesis is highly challenging, where distinctive and harsh synthetic conditions are typically required, due to the vastly differing properties of these nonmetals and their low affinities to many late transition metals. Here we introduce a generic synthesis that can simultaneously incorporate B, N, F into the interstitial sites of Pt-based HEA, and propose nonmetal-hybridized interstitial HEAs as material-exploration platforms for efficiently discovering exceptional electrocatalysts. As a first example, we demonstrate that these interstitial Pt HEAs can act as outstanding oxygen reduction electrocatalysts for fuel cells, particularly the N-incorporated catalysts exhibiting the-state-of-the-art activity and durability at both material and membrane-electrode-assembly levels. Given the distinct properties of B and F to N, such as electronegativity and polar hydrophobicity, we anticipate that B-/F-/multi-nonmetal incorporation could lead to more advanced compositions and elaborately designed catalyst layers, facilitating the construction of a catalytically more effective and robust mass-transport networks for ultralow-Pt fuel cells. The concept of nonmetal-hybridized interstitial HEAs presents tremendous opportunities for addressing challenging electrocatalysis involving complex tandem reaction steps.
Dynamically triggered seismicity in Japan following the 2024 Mw7.5 Noto earthquake
Authors: An Like , Enescu Bogdan , Peng Zhigang , Miyazawa Masatoshi , Gonzalez-Huizar Hector , Ito Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

On January 1st, 2024, a moment magnitude (Mw) 7.5 earthquake occurred on an active reverse fault in the northern part of Noto Peninsula, being one of the largest intraplate events recorded in Japan. In previous studies, the dynamic triggering of seismicity in Japan following some large remote earthquakes has been well documented, such as in the case of the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake, the 2016 Mw 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake, and other large teleseismic events. In this study, we investigate the remote triggering of earthquakes, and its characteristics, associated with the 2024 Noto earthquake. We analyze waveform data recorded at high-sensitivity seismic stations in Japan, before and after the occurrence of the Noto mainshock. Local earthquakes are detected on high-pass filtered three-component seismograms. Low-pass filtered waveforms are used for visualizing the mainshock surface waves and estimating dynamic stresses. Our results show a relatively widespread activation of small earthquakes - most of them not listed in the JMA earthquake catalog - that were triggered by the passage of the mainshock surface waves in many regions of Japan. These include Hokkaido and Tohoku in northeastern Japan, Kanto in central Japan, and Kyushu in southern Japan. The triggering is mostly observed in volcanic regions, supporting the hypothesis that such places are relatively easy to be activated dynamically, likely due to the excitation of fluids by the passage of mainshock surface waves. The calculated dynamic stress changes estimated from peak ground velocities, which triggered the earthquakes after the Noto mainshock, are in the range 12.8 to 102.6 kPa. We also report on a potential dynamic triggering by the Mw 5.3 Noto foreshock that occurred ~4 min before the Mw 7.5 mainshock, at levels of stress about 100 times smaller. The analysis of a longer-term (1 month) seismicity pattern, based on the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) catalog, revealed a statistically significant increase of seismicity in one remote volcanic area, which may relate to the Noto earthquake as well.
Clinical efficacy analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage combined with levofloxacin in the treatment of refractory drug-resistant mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children
Authors: Han Lin-lin , Ma JING , Liu Shuai-shuai , Yan Xiu-LI , Tang Xiao-di , Li Qian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this article is to explore the efficacy and safety of bronchoalveolar lavage with levofloxacin combined with intravenous infusion in the treatment of refractory drug-resistant mycoplasma pneumonia.
Methods
120 children with refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) were studied and divided into the control group (60 cases) and the observation group (60 cases) based on different treatment methods. The control group was received levofloxacin treatment and control supportive treatment, while the observation group was received bronchoscopy for alveolar lavage on the lesion side in addition to the control group, and local drug retention of levofloxacin was performed. Observe for 7 days after treatment and compare the improvement of clinical symptoms, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin (SF), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon -γ (IFN-γ) between two groups of patients.
Results
Compared with the control group, the observation group had a shorter time in the symptom improvement and hospital stay. After treatment, the serum CRP, SF, LDH, IL-6, and IFN-γ levels in both groups were significantly decreased, and the observation group was lower than the control group, and the difference between two groups was statistical significance (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Bronchoscopic alveolar lavage combined with levofloxacin can help alleviate the inflammatory response of children with severe mycoplasma pneumonia, improve clinical symptoms, accelerate treatment progress, and shorten hospital stay. This indicates that bronchoalveolar lavage with levofloxacin is a treatment method with definite efficacy and worthy of clinical promotion in children.
Phenolic monoterpene Bakuchiol ameliorates age related Parkinsonism
Authors: Ranjan Sachin , Khan Salman , Sharma Shruti , Trivedi Mashu , TRIVEDI SHALINI , Pandey Rakesh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The phenomenon of aging comes with various spontaneous physiological changes including structural, functional, molecular and cellular. whereas, deterioration from the normal physiology brings chronic changes associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative diseases related to aging are the most concerned topic due to their devitalizing conditions with lack of therapy options that simultaneously affects the economic and social status. In our study we illustrated the longevity and anti-parkinsonism activity of Bakuchiol (BAK), a phytomolecule from Psoralea corylifolia. Our result showed BAK elevate mean life span up to 38% along with the enhanced survival rate under stress. Additionally, BAK reduces ROS level via boosting anti-oxidant level through upregulating expression of anti- oxidative genes sod-3 and gst-4. Remarkably, BAK exhibits neuroprotective effects by attenuating α-synuclein levels. These findings suggest that, in addition to its antioxidant and lifespan-extending properties, BAK positively regulates neurological health. In summary, our study establishes the potential curative effects of BAK on age-related neurodegenerative disorders, positioning it as a promising nootropic drug in modern medicine with broader implications for age-related neurodegeneration.
MRI and CT Compatible Asymmetric Bilayer Hydrogel Electrodes for EEG-Based Brain Activity Monitoring
Authors: Lu Qifeng , Ren Guoqiang Ren , Zhang Mingxuan , Zhuang Liping , Li Lianhui , Zhao Shunying , Guo Jinxiu , Zhao Yinchao , Peng zhaoxiang , Lian Jiangfang , Liu Botao , Ma Jingyun , Hu Xiaodong , Zhang Zhewei , Zhang Ting , Hao Mingming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The exploration of the multi-dimensional brain activity with high temporal resolution and spatial resolution is of great significance in the diagnosis of neurological disease and the study of brain science. Although the integration of EEG with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) provides a potential solution to achieve the brain-functional image with high spatiotemporal resolution, the critical issues of interface stability and magnetic compatibility remain challenges. Therefore, in this research, we proposed a conductive hydrogel EEG electrode with an asymmetrical bilayer structure, which shows the potential to overcome the challenges. Benefited from the bilayer structure with different moduli, the hydrogel electrode exhibits high biological and mechanical compatibility with the heterogeneous brain-electrode interface. As a result, the impedance can be reduced compared with conventional metal electrodes. In addition, the hydrogel-based ionic conductive electrodes, which are free from metal conductors, are compatible with MRI and CT. Therefore, it can obtain high spatiotemporal resolution multi-dimensional brain information in clinical settings. The research outcome provides a new approach for establishing a platform for early diagnosis of brain diseases and the study of brain science.
Patterns of Hand Washing among Healthcare Workers in APIN Public Health Initiatives Supported States in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Offie Chinenyeike Daniel , Ariyo Abimbola O. , Adurogbola Folake , Okon Ubong , Oguh Daniel , Ohue Michael , Olajide Olalere , Okunlola Oluyemi Adewole , Henshaw Ansa , Tomori Michael Olabode , Oluseye Ajayi , Femi Owolagba , Eke Ofuche , Samuels Jay Osi , Okonkwo Prosper 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
A strict adherence to hand hygiene by healthcare workers is critical in limiting healthcare-associated infections.
Aim
This study aims to assess the patterns of hand washing among healthcare workers in APIN Public Health Initiatives supported states in southwest, Nigeria.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out across 3 States (Oyo, Ogun, and Ondo) in Southwest, Nigeria from January, 2024 to June, 2024. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to recruit the respondents. A descriptive analysis on hand hygiene was performed, while chi-square statistics was used to determine an association. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for this study.
Results
The rate of awareness and compliance to hand washing measures among the participants were 56.5% and 54.6% respectively while the patterns of hand hygiene among the respondents was 65.5%. Inadequate running water supply, non-availability of handwash materials, no time/being too busy and forgetfulness were identified as the major barriers to hand washing practices. Profession was significantly associated with hand hygiene level of awareness (p = 0.001), while age (p = 0.001), profession (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with the level of compliance to hand washing practices.
Conclusion
This study shows that the hand hygiene level of awareness, compliance and patterns among respondents is poor. Continuous mentorship is required to optimize the patterns of hand hygiene.
A case of infantile hepatoblastoma with extramedullary hematopoiesis
Authors: Lijun Yang , Xiaojun Huang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective : Analysis of clinical and pathological characteristics and prognostic factors of infantile hepatoblastoma with extramedullary hematopoiesis.
Method : By analyzing the clinical, imaging, pathological morphology, and immunophenotype characteristics of a case of infantile hepatoblastoma, the histological classification of the tumor, postoperative adjuvant treatment methods, and prognostic factors were discussed.
Result: In this case, the tumor was composed of solid cell clusters or nests of immature liver cell tissue of small to medium size.Endothelial cells were found in the stroma, and extramedullary hematopoiesis was easily observed.The immunohistochemical results showed that the tumor cells were partially positive for AFP expression, βcatenin The mixed expression of catenin in the nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm is positive, and INI-1 is positive. TdT and CD71 are positive in extramedullary hematopoietic tissue. Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis shows that this case is a complete epithelial hepatocellular carcinoma, mixed embryonic fetal type. After complete surgical resection, there is no distant metastasis.The COG Evans staging system is stage Ib, and the clinical risk group is classified as low-risk group.
Conclusion: The comprehensive treatment of complete surgical resection and chemotherapy can achieve good long-term prognosis in the low-risk group of infantile hepatocellular carcinoma.
Evaluation of 5 Intermediate Microglia’s Structural Variations Within an Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Model After Regionalized Toxic Injury
Authors: Trejos Jesus , Schanne Francis 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The dendritic cell of the CNS, the microglia (MG), is an initiation point of the immunological response within the post blood-brain barrier (BBB) compartment. Microglia drastically changes in response to cell stress to a much different non-dendritic morphology. This investigation postulates that if the first MG responses to toxic injury are isolated and studied in greater morphological detail there’s much to be learned about microglia’s metamorphosis from and M2 to an M1 state. The organotypic hippocampal slice was the experimental setting used to investigate microglial response to toxic injury; this isolates dendritic cell to post-BBB cells dynamics from the impact of nonspecific of in-vivo blood derived signaling. Within the context of biochemically verified precise toxic cell injury/death (induced with mercury or cyanide in combination with 2-deoxy-glucose) to a specific region within the hippocampal slice, MG’s morphological response was evaluated. There was up to 35% increase in microglia activation proximally to injury (CA3 region) and no changes distally (DG region) when compared to control slices treated with PBS. Maximum microglia activation consisted of a 3 plus-fold increase in the distance between the nucleus membrane and the cell membrane, which underscores an extensive and quantifiable amount of membrane rearrangement. This quantification can be applied to contemporaneous AI image analysis algorithms to demarcate and quantify relative MG activation in and around a site of injury. In between baseline and activated MG morphologies, 5 intermediate morphologies (or morphological behaviors) are described as it relates to its cell body, nucleus, and dendrites. The result from this study reconciles details of MG’s structure to its holistic characteristics in relation to parenchymal cell stress.
Unleashing the Potential of Turkish Chatbots: A Study on the Validity and Reliability of the Bot Usability Scale
Authors: Aktaş Neşe Baz , Şişman Burak , Borsci Simone 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The objective of this study is to adapt and evaluate the Turkish version of the Chatbot Usability Scale (BUS-11) through a confirmatory factorial analysis method. The BUS-11 scale has been established in various languages except for Turkish; thus, its validation and dissemination could serve as a means to improve chatbot interaction satisfaction among the Turkish-speaking population and hence foster growth in Turkey's conversational agent market.
Methods
To achieve this aim, seven customer-oriented chatbots were rated on pre-designed tasks by participants. Data gathering involved utilizing TBUS-11 with UMUX-Lite scale translated into Turkish to gauge individuals' experience after interacting with Turkish-speaking bots.
Results
Results show that TBUS-11 has been demonstrated to be highly reliable with a strong convergent validity with the UMUX-Lite already validated in Turkish. Moreover, the collected data fit in a very satisfactory way the expected five-factor structure of the original version of the scale, thus confirming the psychometric properties of the TBUS.
Conclusion
The study successfully adapted the Chatbot Usability Scale (BUS-11) into Turkish, providing a reliable and valid tool for assessing chatbot usability in the Turkish-speaking market. This can potentially enhance user satisfaction and promote the growth of conversational agents in Turkey.
Discrepancies in Coronal Alignment Measurements between Full-length Weight-bearing Radiographs and Computed Tomography in Robotic Arm-assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty with the Mako System
Authors: Yang Hong Yeol , Ayob Khairul , Jeong Hwi Woo , Seon Jong Keun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Assessment of lower limb coronal plane alignment is crucial in surgical planning of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and is commonly performed with full-length weight-bearing radiographs (FLWBR). The aim of this study was to determine discrepancies in coronal limb alignment as assessed by conventional FLWBR versus non-weight-bearing computed tomography (CT) modalities in robotic arm-assisted TKA performed using the Mako system (Stryker).
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 100 consecutive patients with osteoarthritic knees who underwent robotic arm-assisted TKA with preoperative FLWBR and CT assessments of knee alignment. The mechanical axes of the Mako system were established in accordance with the Mako TKA Surgical Guide. The following parameters were compared between the two imaging modalities: (1) mechanical hip-knee-ankle angle (mHKA), (2) medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), (3) lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), (4) arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle (aHKA), (5) joint line obliquity (JLO), and (6) proportion of the coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) types. Regression analyses were performed to identify potential factors associated with discrepancies in measurements of coronal alignment between these two imaging modalities.
Results: There were significant differences in terms of the mHKA between preoperative CT and FLWBR (CT vs FLWBR, 7.0° vs. 8.5°; p < 0.001), which may be attributed to the extent of the weight-bearing condition. The CT measurements with the Mako system demonstrated a lower (more varus) MPTA than the FLWBR measurements (CT vs FLWBR, 83.7° vs. 85.2°; p < 0.001). Furthermore, there were also significant differences between the CT and FLWBR measurements in terms of the aHKA (−4.7° vs. −3.7°; p = 0.028) and JLO (172.2° vs. 174.2°; p < 0.001). There were significant differences of proportion of CPAK types between the two imaging modalities; however, the most common category was type I in both imaging modalities. Multivariate analyses showed that greater preoperative mHKA and posterior tibial slope were associated with the discrepancy in the MPTA measurements between the two imaging modalities.
Conclusion: There were discrepancies in coronal alignment between preoperative FLWBR and non-weight-bearing CT using the Mako system. When compared with conventional FLWBR, the Mako system tended to overestimate the magnitude of tibial varus deformity in the knee joint.
Level of Evidence: Level IV.
Integrated transcriptomics of multiple sclerosis peripheral blood mononuclear cells identified COPG1, RPN1, and KDM3B as potential biomarkers
Authors: Delkhah Arman Mokaram Doust 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Among diagnostic techniques, RNA biomarkers have been poorly investigated for multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, by the integration of GSE21942 and GSE203241 microarray profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, potential biomarkers were explored. A comparison between 28 MS patients and 23 healthy controls led to the identification of 71 upregulated and 35 downregulated genes. Immune-related functional terms, particularly pathways linked to lymphocyte activation, were enriched with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, key mRNAs and miRNAs were detected regarding their number of interactions in the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) detected a gene module highly enriched for neurodegenerative disorders. Central genes in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of this module were genes encoding various subunits of the respiratory chain complexes. 59 genes selected from converging results of differential expression analysis and WGCNA underwent machine learning methods and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. COPG1, RPN1, and KDM3B were subsequently identified as potential biomarkers based on their acceptable diagnostic efficacy in the integrated data, as well as in both GSE141804 and GSE146383 datasets as validation sets.
Herth Hope Index trajectory and its predictors in middle-aged and elderly patients with lung cancer: A prospective longitudinal observational study
Authors: Wang Ran , Xu HuiLi , Zhou YuMei , Xu Miao , Huang Fei , Xu YingJia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
For middle-aged and elderly patients with lung cancer undergoing radiotherapy, the care and support received from family members or close social supporters during treatment significantly influence the physical and mental state and treatment outcomes of the patient. Hope, a positive emotional state, reflects patients’ attitudes and expectations toward their condition, treatment process, and prognosis. The level of hope may vary among middle-aged and elderly patients with lung cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Therefore, exploring individual differences and developmental changes during radiotherapy is important. This study aims to evaluate whether heterogeneity exists in the levels of hope among middle-aged and elderly patients with lung cancer during thoracic radiotherapy, identify related predictive factors, and understand the level of family care received by patients at this stage, to provide targeted interventions for patients with lung cancer with different levels of hope.
Methods
A total of 124 patients with lung cancer were included. Their levels of hope and extent of family care were evaluated at four time points. Growth mixture models, univariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression were used to study the trajectory in the level of hope, its association with outcomes, and its predictive factors.
Results
Two hope trajectory classes were identified: the slow decline (27.4%) and the rapid decline (72.6%). Age, marital status, level of education, and extent of family care were factors influencing the hope trajectory categories during radiotherapy for middle-aged and elderly patients with lung cancer (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The trajectories of hope among middle-aged and elderly patients with lung cancer during radiotherapy were heterogeneous. Healthcare providers can tailor interventions based on the factors that influence these hope trajectory categories.