bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is there any place for relaxing incisions in cataract surgery?
Authors: COCHENER B 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe advent of toric IOls has certainly reduced the place of relaxing incisions. On the other hand, the use of femtosecond has significantly improved the easiness, the predictability and safety of the incisional procedure. Moreover the recent innovation of the "femtocataract" offers on some platforms the opportunity to combined relaxing incisions at the time of the crystalline lens removal. We will remind the different modalities for performing these incisions and will focus on disparities concerning the popularity of this surgery from one country to the other. The review of literature will provide the demonstration of the efficacy of incisions for correction of astigmatism especially in case of large cylindrical component such secondary astigmatism after triple procedure graft and cataract removal. We will also underline the interest of femtosecond laser in the refinement of the final outcome and will compare transepithelial versus intrastromal incisions. Of course the debate will be opened with toric IOls and photablation, that in some cases can be more complementary rather than competitive.
Pentacam nuclear staging versus LOCS III grading for cataract classification
Authors: WEGENER A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCataract classification systems have been developed by several groups with different targets. Merriam and Focht for example aimed at classifying radiation damage, Eckerskorn and Hockwin included the aspect of multifactorial influences on cataract morphology, WHO wanted to develop a simple to use universal classification system for epidemiological studies and Chylack and coworkers tried to integrate morphology and colour. The Pentacam nuclear staging tries to correlate density to nuclear hardness which is yet another aspect. However, the stack of 50 Scheimpflug images provided by the Pentacam allows developing software which could objectively classify all cataract types by using 3D shape recognition. The development and application of such corresponding software will be discussed.
Is preoperative antibiotic use justified by evidence based medicine?
Authors: GRZYBOWSKI A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEndophthalmitis is one of the most serious complications of the ocular surgery leading in most cases to a significant decrease in vision. The use of preoperative antibiotics and / or povidone‐iodine has been advocated as an effective measure to prevent endophthalmitis, although it was never proved in a prospective trial. The additional benefit of topical preoperative antibiotics to povidone‐iodine alone is controversial, and should be balanced with the risk of producing antibacterial resistance, the increasing problem of modern medicine. It was shown that 3 days preoperative use of major antibiotics is as effective as 1 hr preoperative use; povidone‐iodine is as effective as antibiotic; single 5% povidone‐iodine use is less effective than twice irrigation with the same solution; 10% povidone–iodine is more effective than 1% poviodone‐iodine. Moreover, preoperative antibiotic use did not lower the endophthalmitis rate. In conclusion, adding the antibiotic to povidone‐iodine brings no clear benefit. The antimicrobial resistance is known to be produced by repeated, overused and extended use of antibiotics, and might lead to development of treatment resistant infections, including severe forms of endophthalmitis.
ELAVL1/HuR‐mediated accumulation of SQSTM1/p62 during proteasomal inhibition in human ARPE‐19 cells
Authors: AMADIO M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Impaired protein degradation in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells contributes to age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) pathogenesis. SQSTM1/p62 protein is involved in autophagy and proteasome‐mediated proteolysis, and expressed strongly under toxic stimuli. ELAVL1/HuR is a RNA‐binding protein which, in response to various stressors, regulates gene expression, finally affecting key cellular functions. Main aims of our study were to investigate whether p62 mRNA would be a target of HuR protein, and whether a link between these two proteins exists in RPE cells. Finally, the effects of proteasome inhibition and autophagy induction on p62 and HuR levels in RPE cells were also evaluated.Methods AlphaScreen technology and immunoprecipitation coupled with real‐time qPCR were used to study the binding between HuR protein and p62 mRNA. ARPE‐19 cells were treated with MG‐132 (proteasome inhibitor; 5µM) and/or AICAR (AICA ribonucleotide, 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranoside; 2mM). P62 and HuR levels were analyzed by real‐time qPCR and Western blotting. HuR silenced ARPE‐19 cells and negative control cells were also employed.Results MG‐132 treatment up‐regulates HuR, which binds p62 mRNA thus contributing, at post‐transcriptional level, to the increase of p62 protein level in ARPE‐19 cells. The addition of AICAR promoted cleansing by autophagy of p62, but not HuR.Conclusion p62, whose mRNA represents a novel target of HuR, is positively regulated as a cellular response to proteasome inhibition. P62 is degraded by autophagy‐mediated pathway, while HuR through proteasome. These findings may be relevant for AMD.
Early dietary therapy in preventing progression of retinopathy in long‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency caused by the homozygous G1528C mutation
Authors: ROOMETS E , KIVELÄ T , TYNI T 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the efficacy of the early start of a low fat, high carbohydrate diet in preventing progression of pigmentary retinopathy, a characteristic feature of long‐chain 3‐hydroxy‐acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency, a mitochondrial long‐chain fatty acid β‐oxidation defect.Methods 13 Finnish patients with early diagnosis of LCHAD deficiency caused by the homozygous G1528C/Q510Q common mutation, were followed up to 20 years (median 6 y). An ophthalmic examination was performed every 1‐2 years including BCVA, colour vision, axial length, fundus colour photography, OCT, and ERG.Results 11 out of 13 patients had mild pigmentary changes already in their first ocular exam (median age of 6 mos), while 2 had pale newborn retina. The initial fundus changes were most often pigment granularity in the posterior pole, hyperpigmented macula and pale fundus. In 12 patients, with good compliance of the dietary therapy, the pigmentary changes progressed only mildly or not at all, re‐maining at stage II of retinopathy with no atrophy and visual compromise. The only patient with an overall poor outcome, had progression of the chorioretinopathy to stage III, presenting atrophy in the posterior pole with relative sparing of the macula and far periphery.Conclusion Our long‐term ocular follow‐up data are promising and suggest that the low‐fat, high‐carbohydrate diet started during the first months of life may delay or even halt the progression of the pigmentary retinopathy and possibly prevents the visual handicap in LCHAD deficiency.
Macular choroidal thickness profile in healthy population measured by swept‐source optical coherence tomography
Authors: RUIZ MORENO JM , RUIZ‐MEDRANO J , FLORES‐MORENO I , PEñA‐GARCíA P , MONTERO JA 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To determine choroidal thickness (CT) profile in healthy population by swept‐source longer‐wavelength optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT).Methods Cross‐sectional, non‐interventional study. The macular area of 276 eyes, from 154 healthy patients was studied with an SS‐OCT prototype system. A horizontal CT profile of the macula was created by manually measuring subfoveal CT (SFCT, from the posterior edge of retinal pigment epithelium to the choroid/sclera junction). Three further determinations were performed every 1000 μm nasal to the fovea and five more every 1000 μm temporal to the fovea. CT was independently determined by two observers.Results SS‐OCT allowed visualization of CT in all cases (100%). Mean SFCT was 301.89±80.53 μm (95% confidence interval: 292.34 to 311.43). Mean horizontal macular CT (MCT) was 258.69±64.59μm (95% confidence interval: 251.04 to 266.35). Mean SFCT was 325.6±51.1 μm in 0 to 10 years, 316.7±90.1 μm in 11 to 20 years, 313.9±80.3 μm in 21 to 40 years, 264.6±79.3 μm in 41 to 60 years and 276.3±88.8 μm in more than 60 years (P<0.001; Anova test). Mean horizontal MCT was 286.0±43.5 μm, 277.7±68.2 μm, 264.0±61.9 μm, 223.4±62.2 μm and 229.7±66.1 μm for 0 to 10, 11 to 20, 21 to 40, 41 to 60 and > 60 years respectively (P<0.001; Anova test). The CT profile was different for each age group.Conclusion Macular CT profile in healthy population is similar between different age groups with thicker CT in young people.
Direct versus indirect ophthalmoscopy: Medical student assessment of retinal pathology
Authors: ZIELICKA Z , HULL S , DAVIES N 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Fundoscopy by non Ophthalmic specialists is typically performed by direct ophthalmoscopy. This challenging skill gives a magnified, monocular image. In contrast, indirect ophthalmoscopy as regularly used by Ophthalmologists allows a wide field, binocular view. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that compared to direct ophthalmoscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy is an easier technique to learn and that the correct diagnosis of fundus pathology is more readily achieved.Methods The design was a prospective cohort study, conducted on 50 third year medical students, at a large inner city hospital. Participants attended a practical teaching session on both techniques. Students were then randomly allocated to either ophthalmoscopy technique and scored on their ability to recognise common fundus pathology in a group of patients. Student perception of the technique was also ascertained.Results The number of surveys filled out for first and second session was 98% and 86% respectively. After the initial teaching session, the majority of students reported being ‘moderately’ confident in using both techniques (direct 52%; indirect 35%), but overall 59% preferred direct ophthalmoscopy. When asked to identify common retinal pathology, it was found that students allocated to direct ophthalmoscopy were more likely to correctly identify the pathology although not statistically significant (U value 9.5, p≤0.05).Conclusion Although indirect ophthalmoscopy provides better views of the retina, students are more confident using direct ophthalmoscopy. Furthermore, there is no significant difference in ability to diagnosis retinal pathology between either techniques.
Viscocanalostomy and canaloplasty : Technique and results
Authors: SUNARIC MEGEVAND G 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNon penetrating surgical procedures involving Schlemm canal represent a new challenge in glaucoma surgery. While allowing good IOP control this technics avoids major complications known with Trabeculectomy and avoids the need for a subconjunctival filtering bleb which shunts aqueous to nonphysiological routes. Viscocanalostomy is characterized by the enlargement of Schlemm’s canal with viscoelastic near the surgical margins, in order to enhance aqueous egress through the ostia of the canal and then out of the eye via aqueous collector channels. Since the first description of Viscocanalostomy by Stegman several improvements have been made in the technic of the procedure resulting finally in the 360 ° catheterization of the Schlemm’s canal, a procedure called Canaloplasty. The technic, personal and published results, advantages and disadvantages of these procedures will be discussed.
UK National Ophthalmology database: optimising surgical safety
Authors: JOHNSTON R 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe UK National Ophthalmology Database was established under the auspices of The Royal College of Ophthalmologists to collate anonymised patient data from electronic medical record systems that collect nationally agreed datasets for the purposes of national audit, research and revalidation of doctors. Following appropriate permissions data conforming to nationally agreed datasets were remotely extracted and anonymised. In 2011 data were extracted from 31 centres on a total of 382,275 patients including trabeculectomy operations. National audits and inter‐surgeon and inter‐institutional comparisons can be automated and allow surgeons to view their performance in the context of their anonymised peers.
Microbiological, Chemical, and Mathematical Analysis of Alexidine‐Polyethylene Interaction: Implications for the Fusarium Keratitis Epidemic of 2004‐2006
Authors: BULLOCK J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOur previous studies indicated that alexidine permeates into the walls of heated ReNu plastic bottles, thereby diminishing its concentration within the solution, thus allowing Fusarium growth. Using liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy (LCMS), alexidine levels were measured in heated/unheated ReNu bottles stored for various time periods. These data were plotted as decreasing alexidine concentrations vs. time; ratios of the areas under the curves were calculated and compared with data derived from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy absorptions of methanol extract evaporate residues of formerly alexidine‐exposed bottle walls. FTIR studies showed that there was approximately 3.1 times more alexidine in the wall of the heated than the room temperature‐stored bottle. The LCMS study showed that there was approximately 3.2 times more alexidine in the walls of heated bottles. Alexidine levels correlated closely with timed and dilution microbiological studies. Decreasing alexidine levels with time and heat strongly suggest alexidine‐polyethylene interaction as the pharmaceutical failure mechanism of the worldwide Fusarium keratitis epidemic of 2004‐2006.
Nanofibrous scaffolds for corneal tissue engineering
Authors: FUCHSLUGER T , BAHNERS T , CZUGALA M , GUTMANN J , SALEHI S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis contribution will report on nanofibrous scaffolds for corneal tissue engineering. By electrospinning, biodegradable nanofibers can be created that form a semitransparent layer. This can be used as a substrate for further cell seeding procedures. It is the goal to use this scaffold in ocular surface reconstruction.
Femtosecond cataract surgery: The basic procedure and surgical details
Authors: BARRAQUER R , NAGY Z , ALVAREZ DE TOELDO J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFemtosecond lasers (FsL) have already proven to be a useful tool to improve efficacy ans safety in cataract surgery. This section of the course will review the basic steps of FsL‐assisted cataract surgery, the learning curve and transition, as well as the different variants and maneuvers of the procedure as compared to traditional phaco.
Complications & special cases of femtosecond laser cataract surgery
Authors: BARRAQUER R , NAGY Z , ALVAREZ DE TOELDO J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis section of the course will review the specific aspects of FsL‐assisted cataract surgery, including the evidences on the increased efficacy, precision and safety, the possible complications, and a number of special cases and situations as described by video presentations.
Ultrastructural 3D imaging of collagen fibrils and proteoglycans of macular dystrophy cornea
Authors: AKHTAR S , KHAN A , KIRAT O , ALKATAN H , ALMUBRAD T 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Macular cornea dystrophy (MCD) is an autosomal, recessive, genetic disorder, involving a gene on chromosome 6 that leads to aberrant keratan sulphate synthesis. Here we report ultrastructural 3D image analysis of collagen fibrils (CF) and proteoglycans (PGs) macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) corneas.Methods Three normal and three macular dystrophy (MCD) corneas were used for the study. The corneas were fixed in the 2.5% glutaraldehyde containing cuprolinic blue and processed for electron microscopy. 120 images were taken and used to construct 3D images of CF and PGs.Results 3D image analysis showed that the PGs were embedded within the collagen fibrils of the stroma. There were less electron dense particles within the CF of the MCD cornea compared to within the normal CF. The diameter of the CF in the anterior stroma was larger compared to the CF diameter in the posterior stroma. The PGs area in the anterior stroma was significantly larger compared to the PGs area in the middle and posterior stroma. The PGs around the degenerated keratocytes were much larger. PGs areas in the MCD cornea were significantly larger than the PGs areas of the normal cornea.Conclusion Ultrastructural 3D imaging provides detailed ultrastructural features of CF and PGs. A large aggregation of the PGs in the anterior stroma suggests that the degeneration of the anterior stroma was more severe compared to the degeneration of the middle and posterior stroma.
Integrin alphavbeta5 identifies human corneal epithelial stem cells
Authors: DI GIROLAMO N , ORDONEZ P , CHOW S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Stem cell (SC) therapy is the main treatment modality to restore vision in patients with limbal stem cell deficiency. If corneolimbal epithelial stem cells (LESC) can be readily identified, isolated and maintained ex vivo, better quality grafts can be generated for patients with this debilitating disease. With prior knowledge that the extracellular matrix protein vitronectin (VN) is present within the LESC niche and that it supports SC in vitro, we postulated that the VN receptor αvβ5 is expressed by, and can be used to identify and isolate SC within the cornea.Methods Epithelial cells were isolate and expand from cadaveric human corneas and αvβ5 expression determined by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Integrin expressing cells were isolated by magnetic‐activated cell sorting then assessed by immunocytology, colony forming efficiency, RT‐PCR and microarray analysis.Results Integrin αvβ5+ cells co‐localized to N‐cadherin+/CK‐15+ putative LESC. αvβ5 was restricted to 3% of the total epithelial cells, which expressed more SC markers and formed more colonies compared to αvβ5‐ cells. Transcriptional profiling of αvβ5+/‐ cells by global gene array identified several interferon‐inducible genes, including the chemokine IP‐10, which localized to LESC. The role of IP‐10 in these cells is yet to be elucidated, but may be involved in immunoprotection by attracting mesenchymal SC into the corneal stroma.Conclusion Integrin αvβ5 is a candidate SC marker since its expression is restricted and αvβ5+ limbal epithelial cells have properties of LESC. Knowledge of the niche’s composition and the genes expressed by its SC will facilitate isolation and maintenance of these cells in culture for therapeutic purposes.
Predictive value of optical coherence tomography in graft attachment after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: YEH RY , QUILENDRINO R , MUSA F , LIARAKOS V , DAPENA I , MELLES GJ 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the predictive value of early anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) on graft adherence or detachment after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).Methods Retrospective study of prospectively collected data at a tertiary referral center. 87 eyes of 87 patients out of a consecutive series of 142 DMEK surgeries were included in the study AS‐OCT was performed within the first hour after DMEK, and at 1‐ week, 1‐month, 3‐months and 6‐months, and for each time interval detachments were classified as ‘none’, ≤1/3 detachment, >1/3 detachment of the total graft surface area, or ‘complete’ detachment. Throughout the study no re‐bubbling procedures were performed. The main outcome measure was graft adherence at various postoperative time intervals.Results 1‐hour AS‐OCT scans were more accurate at predicting the final 6‐month graft adherence status than those at 1‐week or 1‐month. Grafts showing complete attachment or <1/3 detachment at 1‐hour, remained stable or improved in 73% of the cases at 1‐week, 82% at 1‐month, 86% at 3‐months, and 90% at 6‐months, respectively. All grafts attached at 1‐week, remained attached at 6‐months. Graft detachments of >1/3 at 1‐hour showed re‐attachment at 6 months in 25% of the cases, while 67.5% of the cases showed a persistent detachment of >1/3 at 6 months and 12.5% a complete detachment.Conclusion The 1‐hour AS‐OCT showed best predictive value on 6‐month graft adherence status. The combined information of the 1‐hour and 1‐week AS‐OCT may facilitate decision making on surgical re‐intervention after DMEK.
Cultivation and characterisation of human peripheral cornea derived endothelial cells
Authors: ALBERT R , FARAJ L , YEUNG A , BRANCH M , SIDNEY L , WILSON S , MCINTOSH O , HOPKINSON A , PETROVSKI G , DUA HS 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo confirm that human corneal rims left over from DALK/DSEK/PK surgeries could be useful sources for ex vivo endothelial cell expansion. Human corneal rims remaining from DALK/DSEK/PK surgeries were utilized (1:1 sex ratio, age 63+20 years, endothelial cell density >2,500 cells/mm2). The time from death to use varied between 3 days and 1.5 months. Endothelial cells isolated using a two‐step, peel‐and‐digest method, whereby the Descemet’s membrane and endothelial cells were peeled off under a dissecting microscope, followed by digestion in collagenase. The isolated cells were suspended in TrypLE prior to plating onto FNC‐coated tissue culture plates. The cells were then cultured in Ham’s F12:M199 (1:1) media supplemented with, ascorbic acid, transferrin, sodium selenite and bFGF. Characterisation of the cultured cells was performed by RT‐qPCR and immunofluorescence staining accordingly. The number of isolated endothelial cells was repeatedly low (< 20,000 cells). However, improved techniques allowed to reduce stromal cell contamination. It was observed that endothelial cell proliferation was improved when the culture surface area was reduced. Furthermore, typical endothelial cobble stone morphology was observed when the cell density was high. Cell morphology and growth showed notable difference related to donor age and preservation time. ZO‐1, Na/K‐ATPase and PITX2 were used to confirm the endothelial phenotype. Preserved human corneal rims can be utilized for ex vivo expansion of corneal endothelial cells but further optimization is needed.
Hepatocyte growth factor in neovascular age related macular degeneration: In vitro study of its effects on choroidal endothelial cells
Authors: STEWART EA , SAMARANAYAKE GJ , AMOAKU WM 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Intraocular angiogenesis is associated with a number of common blinding conditions including neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD). The growth factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is reported as being central in driving choroidal neovascularisation in nAMD. Many clinical nAMD therapies target VEGF with anti‐VEGF drugs such as ranibizumab, bevacizumab and Aflibercept. These however have limited efficacy and require repeated, prolonged treatment. Other cytokines are known to be involved in nAMD including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) which has been shown to have a role in the early stages of nAMD. Our aim was to elucidate the effect of HGF and its cooperation with VEGF on human choroidal endothelial cells (CEC).Methods The expression of HGF and related molecules in CEC was investigated using western blotting and flow cytometry. In vitro assays for proliferation, tubule formation and transendothelial permeability were used to assess the role of HGF in nAMD.Results Expression of HGF, VEGF and their receptors c‐met and VEGFR2 and co‐receptor CD44v6 was found in primary human CEC. Stimulation with HGF increased CEC proliferation and tube formation but did not increase permeability, the increased proliferation was additive with VEGF.Conclusion This study provides insight into the interactions or cross‐talk in CEC signalling and indicates that a more efficient approach to regulate intraocular angiogenesis would aim to simultaneously block the actions of multiple growth factors, or the common downstream site in the angiogenesis pathway and this may provide a more sustained treatment response in order to enhance treatment protocols in nAMD.
Commercial interest