bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Live cell imaging shows reversible assembly of the TatA component of the twin-arginine protein transport system
Authors: Alcock Felicity , Baker Matthew A. B. , Greene Nicholas P. , Palmer Tracy , Wallace Mark I. , Berks Ben C. 
Published: September 2013

Significance
The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway transports folded proteins across a membrane without significant ion leakage. The mechanism by which Tat is able to carry out this challenging feat is unclear. We used direct imaging of fluorescent protein-tagged Tat components in bacterial cells to show that the TatA element of the Tat system undergoes substrate- and proton motive force-dependent oligomerization. Thus the Tat transporter element is assembled on demand, avoiding the need to seal the transporter between translocation events.
Postreward delays and systematic biases in measures of animal temporal discounting
Authors: Blanchard Tommy C. , Pearson John M. , Hayden Benjamin Y. 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Psychologists often measure impulsivity and self-control in animals using the intertemporal choice task. This task pits a delayed reward against an immediate smaller one and is repeated several times. To ensure that animals do not choose the immediate reward to progress to the next trial more quickly, an adjusting postreward buffer is usually added after the reward to equalize trial lengths. Our study suggests that monkeys (and thus possibly other animals) do not understand this element of the task, and raises the possibility that the task does not, in fact, measure temporal discounting. We propose an alternative model, which includes an explicit bounded rationality term, that fits preferences as well as traditional hyperbolic discounting models.
Self-assembly and sorting of acentrosomal microtubules by TACC3 facilitate kinetochore capture during the mitotic spindle assembly
Authors: Fu Wenxiang , Chen Hao , Wang Gang , Luo Jia , Deng Zhaoxuan , Xin Guangwei , Xu Nan , Guo Xiao , Lei Jun , Jiang Qing , Zhang Chuanmao 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Mitosis is a highly regulated cell division process in eukaryotes. Assembly of the spindle and segregation of chromosomes in mitosis enable the mother cells to distribute the genetic materials equally to their daughter cells. Before chromosome segregation, the kinetochores at the chromosomes must be correctly captured by the microtubules. The mechanisms underlying the initiation of this process and the proper formation of the kinetochore fibers remain largely unknown. This study shows that transforming acidic coiled-coil–containing protein 3 (TACC3) is essential for proper kinetochore capture and kinetochore fiber formation. Our findings reveal a critical TACC3-dependent acentrosomal microtubule nucleation and sorting process to regulate kinetochore–microtubule connections.
Inhibition of pancreatic carcinoma by homo- and heterocombinations of antibodies against EGF-receptor and its kin HER2/ErbB-2
Authors: Maron Ruth , Schechter Bilha , Mancini Maicol , Mahlknecht Georg , Yarden Yosef , Sela Michael 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains very poor, with 5-y survival less than 10%. Unfortunately, adjuvant therapies are only weakly effective, and only one molecular targeted drug, a kinase inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), has been clinically approved. Hence, we examined antibodies to EGFR and to its sibling, HER2. While single antibodies to these receptors only weakly retarded growth of human PDAC in animals, significantly stronger inhibition was observed when we combined two antibodies to EGFR or two antibodies to HER2. Similarly, simultaneous inhibition of both EGFR and HER2, using a pair of antibodies, resulted in enhanced efficacy. These observations predict that targeting EGFR and HER2, by using pairs of monoclonal antibodies, might translate to better treatment of PDAC patients.
Combining Hi-C data with phylogenetic correlation to predict the target genes of distal regulatory elements in human genome
Authors: Lu Yulan , Zhou Yuanpeng , Tian Weidong 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Defining the target genes of distal regulatory elements (DREs), such as enhancer, repressors and insulators, is a challenging task. The recently developed Hi-C technology is designed to capture chromosome conformation structure by high-throughput sequencing, and can be potentially used to determine the target genes of DREs. However, Hi-C data are noisy, making it difficult to directly use Hi-C data to identify DRE–target gene relationships. In this study, we show that DREs–gene pairs that are confirmed by Hi-C data are strongly phylogenetic correlated, and have thus developed a method that combines Hi-C read counts with phylogenetic correlation to predict long-range DRE–target gene relationships. Analysis of predicted DRE–target gene pairs shows that genes regulated by large number of DREs tend to have essential functions, and genes regulated by the same DREs tend to be functionally related and co-expressed. In addition, we show with a couple of examples that the predicted target genes of DREs can help explain the causal roles of disease-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms located in the DREs. As such, these predictions will be of importance not only for our understanding of the function of DREs but also for elucidating the causal roles of disease-associated noncoding single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
Structure and properties of the esterase from non-LTR retrotransposons suggest a role for lipids in retrotransposition
Authors: Schneider Anna M. , Schmidt Steffen , Jonas Stefanie , Vollmer Benjamin , Khazina Elena , Weichenrieder Oliver 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Non-LTR retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements and play a major role in eukaryotic genome evolution and disease. Similar to retroviruses they encode a reverse transcriptase, but their genomic integration mechanism is fundamentally different, and they lack homologs of the retroviral nucleocapsid-forming protein Gag. Instead, their first open reading frames encode distinct multi-domain proteins (ORF1ps) presumed to package the retrotransposon-encoded RNA into ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs). The mechanistic roles of ORF1ps are poorly understood, particularly of ORF1ps that appear to harbor an enzymatic function in the form of an SGNH-type lipolytic acetylesterase. We determined the crystal structures of the coiled coil and esterase domains of the ORF1p from the Danio rerio ZfL2-1 element. We demonstrate a dimerization of the coiled coil and a hydrolytic activity of the esterase. Furthermore, the esterase binds negatively charged phospholipids and liposomes, but not oligo-(A) RNA. Unexpectedly, the esterase can split into two dynamic half-domains, suited to engulf long fatty acid substrates extending from the active site. These properties indicate a role for lipids and membranes in non-LTR retrotransposition. We speculate that Gag-like membrane targeting properties of ORF1ps could play a role in RNP assembly and in membrane-dependent transport or localization processes.
Survey Criteria for Fibromyalgia Independently Predict Increased Postoperative Opioid Consumption after Lower-extremity Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Brummett Chad M. , Janda Allison M. , Schueller Christa M. , Tsodikov Alex , Morris Michelle , Williams David A. , Clauw Daniel J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background:
Variance in pain after total knee and hip arthroplasty may be due to a number of procedural and peripheral factors but also, in some individuals, to aberrant central pain processing as is described in conditions like fibromyalgia. To test this hypothesis, the authors conducted a prospective, observational cohort study of patients undergoing lower-extremity joint arthroplasty.

Methods:
Five hundred nineteen patients were preoperatively phenotyped using validated self-reported pain questionnaires, psychological measures, and health information. In addition to being assessed for factors previously found to be associated with poor outcomes in arthroplasty, participants also completed the American College of Rheumatology survey criteria for fibromyalgia. Previous studies have suggested that rather than being “present” or “absent,” features of fibromyalgia as measured by this instrument, occur over a wide continuum. Postoperative pain control was assessed by total postoperative opioid consumption.

Results:
Preoperatively, patients with higher fibromyalgia survey scores were younger, more likely to be female, taking more opioids, reported higher pain severity, and had a more negative psychological profile. In the multivariate analysis, the fibromyalgia survey score, younger age, preoperative opioid use, knee (vs. hip), pain severity at baseline, and the anesthetic technique were all predictive of increased postoperative opioid consumption.

Conclusions:
The use of the survey criteria for fibromyalgia led to the finding of distinct phenotypic differences, and the measure was independently predictive of opioid consumption. This self-report measure may provide an additional simple means of predicting postoperative pain outcomes and analgesic requirements. Future studies are needed to determine whether tailored therapies can improve postoperative pain control in this population.
Impact of Cement Placement and Leakage in Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures Followed by Percutaneous Vertebroplasty
Authors: Chen Xiaobin , Ren Jixin , Zhang Jianzheng , Li Shaoguang , Liu Zhi 
Published: September 2013

Study Design:
Retrospective study.

Objectives:
Assessment of the impact of cement placement and leakage in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) followed by percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) on patient pain relief and new vertebral fracture occurrence.

Summary of Background Data:
Previous studies have not specifically addressed cement placement in the context of pain outcomes and subsequent vertebral fracture.

Methods:
We included a total of 192 patients who underwent PVP for OVCFs. We assessed imaging data, and patients rated their pain over a 24-month period. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on image analysis: group 1 [31 cases: 5 thoracic, 15 thoracolumbar (TL) junction, 11 lumbar] included patients with no cement extension to the endplate(s), group 2 (121 cases: 19 thoracic, 64 TL junction, 38 lumbar) was comprised of patients with cement extension to the endplate(s) but no leakage into the disk space, and group 3 (40 cases: 8 thoracic, 21 TL junction, 11 lumbar) included patients with cement extension to the endplate(s) and leakage into the disk space(s). We assessed the correlation between cement location and pain ratings and changes in pain scores, as well as the proportions of new fracture.

Results:
Postprocedure pain numeric scores and changes in pain scores were similar among the 3 groups (P>0.05). Cement location did not significantly correlate with pain ratings or changes in pain scores for any follow-up points. There was no significant difference in new adjacent fracture rate among the groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions:
Neither extension of cement to the endplate nor cement leakage into the disk space had a significant impact on postprocedural pain. Furthermore, intradisk cement leakage was not a risk factor for new fracture after PVP in patients with OVCF. However, lower fill volumes should be used to lessen the risk of leakage.
Enhancing High Alert Medication Knowledge Among Pharmacy, Nursing, and Medical Staff
Authors: Sullivan Karyn M. , Le Phuoc Lynsey , Ditoro Michael J. , Andree Jason T. , Charest Diane J. , Tuiskula Kristin A. 
Published: September 2013

Objectives
Limited data exist regarding staff’s knowledge and perceptions of high alert medications (HAMs) and associated procedures. Objectives of this study were to conduct an initial assessment of institution-specific HAM knowledge among pharmacy, nursing, and medical staff; implement interventions to enhance staff knowledge of HAMs; and conduct a similar assessment 1 year later to determine if interventions successfully enhanced HAM knowledge.

Methods
A 6-question electronic survey was distributed to 1006 pharmacy staff, nurses, and physicians in June 2009. In response to results achieved, HAM-related interventions were implemented over a 6-month period. A similar electronic survey was distributed to hospital staff 1 year later to determine any change in HAM knowledge.

Results
A total of 203 staff completed the presurvey (20% response rate), whereas 170 completed the postsurvey (17% response rate). Before the HAM interventions, 42.9% of respondents expressed confidence in their knowledge of HAMs and the procedures defined by the institution. This increased to 73.5% after the interventions (P < 0.001). More respondents correctly identified HAMs and safety procedures on postsurveys: insulin IV bolus (83.3% vs. 92.4%; P < 0.01), neonatal medications (79.3% vs. 88.2%; P < 0.05), total parenteral nutrition (57.1% vs. 73.5%; P = 0.001), and “documentation of 2 independent registered nurse checks for HAM IV infusion rate changes” (76.4% vs. 92.9%; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
An assessment of staff HAM knowledge and handling procedures allows for customized interventions for institution-specific HAM improvements. Hospital staff knowledge of HAMs increased 1 year after implementing interventions.
High‐temperature adapted primitive Protochlamydia found in Acanthamoeba isolated from a hot spring can grow in immortalized human epithelial HEp‐2 cells
Authors: Sampo Aya , Matsuo Junji , Yamane Chikayo , Yagita Kenji , Nakamura Shinji , Shouji Natsumi , Hayashi Yasuhiro , Yamazaki Tomohiro , Yoshida Mitsutaka , Kobayashi Miho , Ishida Kasumi , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2013

SummaryTo elucidate how ancient pathogenic chlamydiae could overcome temperature barriers to adapt to human cells, we characterized a primitive chlamydia found in HS‐T3 amoebae (Acanthamoeba) isolated from a hot spring. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the primitive species to be Protochlamydia. In situ hybridization staining showed broad distribution into the amoebal cytoplasm, which was supported by transmission electron microscopic analysis showing typical chlamydial features, with inclusion bodies including both elementary and reticular bodies. Interestingly, although most amoebae isolated from natural environments show reduced growth at 37°C, the HS‐T3 amoebae harbouring the Protochlamydia grew well at body temperature. Although infection with Protochlamydia did not confer temperature tolerance to the C3 amoebae, the number of infectious progenies rapidly increased at 37°C with amoebal lysis. In immortalized human epithelial HEp‐2 cells, fluorescence microscopic study revealed atypical inclusion of the Protochlamydia, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses also showed an increase in 16S ribosomal RNA DNA amounts. Together, these results showed that the Protochlamydia found in HS‐T3 amoebae isolated from a hot spring successfully adapted to immortalized human HEp‐2 cells at 37°C, providing further information on the evolution of ancient Protochlamydia to the present pathogenic chlamydiae.
Response of the methanogenic microbial communities in Amazonian oxbow lake sediments to desiccation stress
Authors: Conrad Ralf , Ji Yang , Noll Matthias , Klose Melanie , Claus Peter , Enrich‐Prast Alex 
Published: September 2013

SummaryMethanogenic microbial communities in soil and sediment function only when the environment is inundated and anoxic. In contrast to submerged soils, desiccation of lake sediments happens only rarely. However, some predictions suggest that extreme events of drying will become more common in the Amazon region, and this will promote an increase in sediments drying and exposure. We asked whether and how such methanogenic communities can withstand desiccation stress. Therefore, we determined the rates and pathways of CH4 production (analysis of CH4 and δ13C of CH4, CO2 and acetate), the copy numbers of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes and mcrA genes (quantitative PCR), and the community composition of Archaea and Bacteria (T‐RFLP and pyrosequencing) in oxbow lake sediments of rivers in the Brazilian Amazon region. The rivers were of white water, black water and clear water type. The measurements were done with sediment in fresh state and after drying and rewetting. After desiccation and rewetting the composition of both, the archaeal and bacterial community changed. Since lake sediments from white water rivers exhibited only negligible methanogenic activity, probably because of relatively high iron and low organic matter content, they were not further analysed. The other sediments produced CH4, with hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis usually accounting for > 50% of total activity. After desiccation and rewetting, archaeal and bacterial gene copy numbers decreased. The bacterial community showed a remarkable increase of Clostridiales from about 10% to > 30% of all Bacteria, partially caused by proliferation of specific taxa as the numbers of OTU shared with fresh sediment decreased from about 9% to 3%. Among the Archaea, desiccation specifically enhanced the relative abundance of either Methanocellales (black water) and/or Methanosarcinaceae (clear water). Despite the changes in gene copy numbers and composition of the microbial community, rates of CH4 production even increased after desiccation‐rewetting, demonstrating that the function of the methanogenic microbial community had not been impaired. This result indicates that the increase in extreme events of drying may increase methane production in flooded sediments.
Characterization of heat shock protein 90, 70 and their transcriptional expression patterns on high temperature in adult of Grapholita molesta (Busck)
Authors: Chen Hao , Xu Xiang‐Li , Li Yi‐Ping , Wu Jun‐Xiang 
Published: September 2013

AbstractGrapholita molesta (Busck) is a worldwide insect pest damaging stone and pome fruits. High temperature can significantly affect insect survival, development and fecundity. Heat shock protein (Hsp) genes were speculated to possess a pivotal function in response to high temperature stress. In this study, two full‐length Hsp genes, Gmhsp90 and Gmhsp70, were cloned from G. molesta using rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends (RACE). The open reading frames of Gmhsp90 and Gmhsp70 obtained were 2 148 bp and 1 998 bp in length, respectively. Their deduced amino acids showed high homology to Hsp genes of other species. Subsequently, the transcriptional expression of Gmhsp90 and Gmhsp70 in G. molesta adults exposed at various temperatures (26, 29, 32, 35, 38, 41 and 44°C) for 1 h and at 41°C for various time duration (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105 min) were investigated via real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The relative expression levels of Gmhsp90 and Gmhsp70 in G. molesta adults were both up‐regulated with the rise of temperature and time duration. In addition, the Gmhsp70 usually showed a higher transcription accumulation than Gmhsp90. Interestingly, Gmhsp90 and Gmhsp70 in female adults could be induced much earlier than that in males, and the effective induction temperature in females was also lower than that in males. The distinct expression profiles of Gmhsp90 and Gmhsp70 indicated that Gmhsp90 and Gmhsp70 may play important roles in G. molesta adults responding to a thermal threat, and there is difference on induction between sexes.
Arterial Vascularization and Morphological Characteristics of Adrenal Glands in the Pampas Deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus, Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Erdoğan S. , Pérez W. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThis research presents morphological characteristics of adrenal glands and a demonstration of arterial vascularization in the Pampas deer, which is considered to be in extreme danger of extinction. A total of ten deer constituted the material of the study. Vascularization of organs was investigated by using latex injection technique. Left adrenal glands were basically supplied by coeliac, cranial mesenteric, renal and lumbal arteries. The arterial vascularization of the left adrenal glands was very complex in comparison with right adrenal glands. In two examples, branch of the lumbal artery was divided into phrenic caudal artery and cranial adrenal artery. In six examples, it was observed that the caudomedial and ventral regions of the left adrenal glands were also supplied by thinner branches that stemmed from second left lumbal artery. Besides, coeliac and cranial mesenteric arteries also gave off shorter branches supplying the cranial region of the left adrenal glands in five examples. It was determined that two branches originated from abdominal aorta directly for supplying left adrenal glands in only two examples. In four examples, two caudal adrenal arteries stemmed separately from left renal artery in a short distance. Arterial vascularization of right adrenal glands was more constant and supplied by lumbal and renal arteries. The adrenal glands were generally oval or round shaped. In only two examples, left adrenal glands were ‘V‐’ or heart‐shaped. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in sizes between right and left adrenal glands.
Serum allergen‐specific IgA is not associated with natural or induced tolerance to egg in children
Authors: Vazquez‐Ortiz M. , Pascal M. , Juan M. , Alsina L. , Martín‐Mateos M. A. , Plaza A. M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe role of specific IgA (sIgA) in oral immunotherapy (OIT) and natural tolerance to foods is poorly understood. We aimed to study serum sIgA in induced and natural tolerance to egg. Children aged 5–16 years diagnosed with IgE‐mediated egg allergy were recruited. After egg challenge, patients were classified as transient (TEA) or persistent (PEA) egg‐allergic. PEA children were further divided into oral immunotherapy (PEA‐OIT) or egg avoidance (PEA‐EA). Allergy/tolerance was reassessed 9–12 months later (T1) in PEA‐EA. Serum sIgA to ovalbumin and ovomucoid were determined at inclusion in all patients and repeated in PEA at T1. 21 TEA and 52 PEA children were recruited (28 PEA‐OIT, 24 PEA‐EA). Serum sIgA remained unchanged after OIT. TEA and PEA had similar serum sIgA. No specific trend on serum sIgA was observed in five PEA‐EA who developed natural tolerance over follow‐up. Thus, serum sIgA seems not to be associated with induced or natural egg tolerance.
Ovarian granulosa cell tumor and increased risk of breast cancer
Authors: Hammer Anne , Lauszus Finn F. , Petersen Astrid C. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractGranulosa cell tumor of the ovary (GCT) is a rare neoplasm. The tumor often secretes estrogens and then presents at an earlier stage due to hormone‐related symptoms. GCT women are at increased risk of endometrial carcinoma, but there is only limited information about GCTs and potential association to other hormone‐related neoplasms such as breast cancer. We conducted a retrospective follow‐up study on 163 women with GCT. Medical records and histological sections were reviewed and a search in the pathology registry performed. Eight [95% confidence interval (CI); 3.4–15.8] GCT women were diagnosed with a breast neoplasm; one with Paget's disease of the nipple and seven with breast carcinoma. Based on calculations using incidence rates on breast cancer among Danish women, we would have expected 2.5 cases of breast cancer. The odds ratio was 3.3 (95% CI, 1.6–6.6), suggesting an increased risk of breast cancer in GCT women.