bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness and use of the “cognitive enhancer” prescription drug modafinil in medical students
Authors: Novoselova Tatiana V , Myatt Nyree , Murray Esther , Malekigorji Maryam , Robson Lesley G 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe use of smart drugs, including modafinil, in high-pressure situations has gathered increasing attention. However, there is a lack of studies exploring their use among medical students. To investigate awareness, usage, and opinions regarding modafinil among medical students to inform student support services.DesignApproximately two thousand medical students (Years 1-5) were invited to participate in an anonymous survey comprising two sections: awareness/use of modafinil and opinions on its usage. The survey collected no demographic data and ensured participants’ anonymity.MethodsOnline 7-minute survey using MicrosoftForms with data collection for 14 weeks.ResultsThe survey had a low response rate. Most respondents were familiar with smart drugs, learning about them from their friends and the media. Many participants (44%) reported using modafinil to enhance attention, focus, productivity, and exam performance. Users generally found the drug effective, with some noting long-lasting effects. However, some users experienced negative effects. Analysis of opinions revealed that respondents mostly did not consider modafinil as cheating and did not feel pressured to use it if others were.ConclusionThe report provides a preliminary insight into the awareness and use of modafinil in medical students The survey’s low response rate highlights the challenges of investigating drug use related topics through surveys, suggesting other methods should be employed. Nonetheless, the study underscores the need for comprehensive, professionally curated advice and policies aimed at students support to mitigate the risks.
PD-L1 mediated T cell inhibition by regulatory plasma cells induced after sepsis and COVID-19
Authors: Gossez Morgane , Vigneron Clara , Vandermoeten Alexandra , Lepage Margot , Courcol Louise , Coudereau Remy , Paidassai Helena , Jallades Laurent , Lopez Jonathan , Kandara Khalil , Ortillon Marine , Mommert Marine , Fabri Astrid , Peronnet Estelle , Grosjean Clémence , Buisson Marielle , Lukaszewicz Anne-Claire , Rimmelé Thomas , Argaud Laurent , Cour Martin , Py Bénédicte F , Thaunat Olivier , Defrance Thierry , Monneret Guillaume , Venet Fabienne ,   REALISM,   RICO study groups
Published: August 2024

AbstractA better understanding of sepsis-induced immunosuppression pathophysiology is desirable for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent and reduce the rates of secondary infections and their associated mortality. Here we demonstrate that PD-L1+CD44+B220LowCD138+IgM+regulatory plasma cells (PCs) are induced in a murine model of sepsis-induced immune alterations and in critically ill patients with bacterial sepsis and COVID-19. This was revealed both by detailed analysis of their phenotypical features and gene expression profile and by functional explorations comparing capacity of purified B cells and PCs to suppress T cell proliferation and IFNɣ secretionex vivo. Sepsis-induced regulatory PCs exerted their suppressive function on T cells through IL-10 production and increased PD-L1 expression independently of regulatory T cells. Our findings thus reveal a novel pathophysiological mechanism of sepsis-induced immunosuppression that involves regulatory PCs. As such, these PCs constitute valid therapeutic targets to improve immune cell functions impaired by sepsis.
A novel classifier of radiographic knee osteoarthritis for use on knee DXA images is predictive of joint replacement in UK Biobank
Authors: Beynon Rhona A , Saunders Fiona R , Ebsim Raja , Faber Benjamin G , Jung Mijin , Gregory Jennifer S , Lindner Claudia , Aspden Richard M , Harvey Nicholas C , Cootes Timothy , Tobias Jonathan H 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesDXA scans may offer a novel means of evaluating radiographic knee osteoarthritis (rKOA) in large population studies and through opportunistic screening. We aimed to develop and apply a semi-automated method for assessing rKOA using ∼20,000 knee DXA images from UK Biobank (UKB) and assess its face validity by checking for expected relationships with clinical outcomes.MethodsRight knee DXA scans were manually annotated for osteophytes to derive corresponding grades. Joint space narrowing (JSN) grades in the medial joint compartment were determined from automatically measured minimum joint space width. Overall rKOA grade (0-4) was determined by combining osteophyte and JSN grades. Logistic regression was employed to investigate the associations of osteophyte, JSN, and rKOA grades with knee pain and hospital-diagnosed knee osteoarthritis (HES-KOA). Cox proportional hazards modelling was used to examine the associations of these variables with risk of subsequent total knee replacement (TKR).ResultsOf the 19,595 participants included (mean age: 63.7), 19.5% had rKOA grade ≥1 (26.1% female; 12.5% male). Grade ≥1 osteophytes and grade ≥1 JSN were associated with knee pain, HES-KOA, and TKR. Higher rKOA grades were linked to stronger associations with these clinical outcomes, with the most pronounced effects observed for TKR. HRs for the association of rKOA grades with TKR were 3.28, 8.75, and 28.63 for grades 1, 2 and 3-4, respectively.ConclusionsOur DXA-derived measure of rKOA demonstrated a progressive relationship with clinical outcomes. These findings support the use of DXA for classifying rKOA in large epidemiological studies and in future population-based screening.Key messagesRadiographic knee osteoarthritis (rKOA) can be semi-automatically derived from DXA images.DXA-derived rKOA shows expected relationships with clinical outcomes of knee osteoarthritis.DXA imaging presents a viable method for classifying rKOA in large-scale epidemiological research.
Occupational modulation in the (3+1)-dimensional incommensurate structure of (2S,3S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-phenoxybutanoic acid dihydrate
Authors: Sanders Kyana M. , Bruffy Samantha K. , Buller Andrew R. , Petříček Václav , Guzei Ilia A. 
Published: August 2024

The incommensurately modulated structure of (2S,3S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-phenoxybutanoic acid dihydrate (C11H15NO4·2H2O or I·2H2O) is described in the (3+1)-dimensional superspace group P212121(0β0)000 (β = 0.357). The loss of the three-dimensional periodicity is ascribed to the occupational modulation of one positionally disordered solvent water molecule, where the two positions are related by a small translation [ca 0.666 (9) Å] and ∼168 (5)° rotation about one of its O—H bonds, with an average 0.624 (3):0.376 (3) occupancy ratio. The occupational modulation of this molecule arises due to the competition between the different hydrogen-bonding motifs associated with each position. The structure can be very well refined in the average approximation (all satellite reflections disregarded) in the space group P212121, with the water molecule refined as disordered over two positions in a 0.625 (16):0.375 (16) ratio. The refinement in the commensurate threefold supercell approximation in the space group P1121 is also of high quality, with the six corresponding water molecules exhibiting three different occupancy ratios averaging 0.635:0.365.
2,4-Diarylpyrroles: synthesis, characterization and crystallographic insights
Authors: Farfán-Paredes Mónica , Santillan Rosa 
Published: August 2024

Three 2,4-diarylpyrroles were synthesized starting from 4-nitrobutanones and the crystal structures of two derivatives were analysed. These are 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrole, C15H13NOS, and 3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-nitroso-5-phenyl-1H-pyrrole, C16H11BrN2O. Although pyrroles without substituents at the α-position with respect to the N atom are very air sensitive and tend to polymerize, we succeeded in growing an adequate crystal for X-ray diffraction analysis. Further derivatization using sodium nitrite afforded a nitrosyl pyrrole derivative, which crystallized in the triclinic space group P\overline{1} with Z = 6. Thus, herein we report the first crystal structure of a nitrosyl pyrrole. Interestingly, the co-operative hydrogen bonds in this NO-substituted pyrrole lead to a trimeric structure with bifurcated halogen bonds at the ends, forming a two-dimensional (2D) layer with interstitial voids having a radius of 5 Å, similar to some reported macrocyclic porphyrins.
An associative text analyzer to facilitate effectiveness of exploring historical texts for digital humanities
Authors: Chen Chih-Ming , Chen Xian-Xu 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThis study aims to develop an associative text analyzer (ATA) to support users in quickly grasping and interpreting the content of large amounts of text through text association recommendations, facilitating the identification of the contextual relationships between people, events, organization and locations for digital humanities. Additionally, by providing text summaries, the tool allows users to link between distant and close readings, thereby enabling more efficient exploration of related texts.Design/methodology/approachTo verify the effectiveness of this tool in supporting exploration of historical texts, this study uses a counterbalanced design to compare the use of the digital humanities platform for Mr. Lo Chia-Lun’s Writings (DHP-LCLW) with and without the ATA to assist in exploring different aspects of text. The study investigated whether there were significant differences in effectiveness for exploring textual contexts and technological acceptance as well as used semi-structured in-depth interviews to understand the research participants’ viewpoints and experiences with the ATA.FindingsThe results of the experiment revealed that the effectiveness of text exploration using the DHP-LCLW with and without the ATA varied significantly depending on the topic of the text being explored. The DHP-LCLW with the ATA was found to be more suitable for exploring historical texts, while the DHP-LCLW without the ATA was more suitable for exploring educational texts. The DHP-LCLW with the DHP-LCLW was found to be significantly more useful in terms of perceived usefulness than the DHP-LCLW without the ATA, indicating that the research participants believed the ATA was more effective in helping them efficiently grasp the related texts and topics during text exploration.Practical implicationsThe study’s practical implications lie in the development of an ATA for digital humanities, offering a valuable tool for efficiently exploring historical texts. The ATA enhances users’ ability to grasp and interpret large volumes of text, facilitating contextual relationship identification. Its practical utility is evident in the improved effectiveness of text exploration, particularly for historical content, as indicated by users’ perceived usefulness.Originality/valueThis study proposes an ATA for digital humanities, enhancing text exploration by offering association recommendations and efficient linking between distant and close readings. The study contributes by providing a specialized tool and demonstrating its perceived usefulness in facilitating efficient exploration of related texts in digital humanities.
Letters as organizational rhetoric on environmental social and governance (ESG): the case of Larry Fink and BlackRock from 2018 to 2023
Authors: Thompson Gareth 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThis paper is intended as an original contribution to researching ESG from a PR perspective, as well as offering a case study of the use of letters as a mode of corporate communication.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is interdisciplinary but is centred on a critical discourse analysis of the organizational rhetoric on ESG in the annual letters of BlackRock CEO Larry Fink from 2018 to 2023. The article also considers the content of the BlackRock letters alongside the campaign rhetoric deployed by opponents to ESG over the same period.FindingsThe analysis of the letters showed up a difference in tempo and tone between the courteous, collaborative and somewhat “corporate” style of text in the Fink letters and the more urgent and confrontational tone of opponents that adopted a populist line of argumentation against ESG in general and Larry Fink and BlackRock in particular.Practical implicationsWhile advantages can accrue to CEOs and corporations for speaking out on issues, there are also perils awaiting in the contemporary environment for opinion. The findings suggest it is also important to gauge the intensity of cultural and political division in society when speaking out on contentious issues and make a judgement on whether to proceed based on that analysis. Moreover, in countries where the middle ground of public opinion has eroded, ideology and cultural affiliations can prevail instead of openness to argument and counter-argument on topics such as climate change.Originality/valueThe paper presents a fresh case study of a CEO who has been prominent in shaping the discourse on ESG, which has itself become is a matter of contemporary relevance to public relations. The findings offer original insights that are additive to existing guidance and criteria for CEOs deciding to speak out on issues on behalf of their organizations.
Can frontline employees help consumers improve their financial planning behavior? Implications from triadic analysis
Authors: Siahtiri Vida , Weiger Welf Hermann , Tetteh-Afi Christian , Kraemer Tobias 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
As consumer debt can substantially impair subjective well-being, it is crucial for research to gain insights into how consumers can be motivated to improve financial planning. This paper aims to investigate how frontline employees in financial services can help consumers regulate their financial planning behaviors and how financial service providers can effectively support their frontline employees in this effort through leadership and organizational climate.

Design/methodology/approach
We incorporate regulatory focus theory and conservation of resource theory to develop a conceptual model that we test in a triadic study with a unique dataset collected from consumers, frontline employees, and managers in the banking sector.

Findings
We find that frontline employees must pay attention to the details of consumers’ needs and customize the service to those needs to trigger consumer promotion focus and stimulate consumers’ financial planning behaviors. Moreover, our results emphasize that the organization must act as an integrated entity. Thus, a manager’s servant leadership and an organizational climate of customer stewardship are crucial for frontline employees to transform consumers’ financial planning behaviors.

Research limitations/implications
The study highlights frontline employees’ key role in motivating consumer financial planning behavior, offering a new perspective in transformative service research on enhancing financial well-being.

Practical implications
The findings provide financial service providers with actionable implications for enhancing consumers’ financial planning. This benefits both consumers and financial institutions, as customers with greater spending power can buy more financial products.

Originality/value
This study advances transformative service research on consumer financial planning behavior, which has largely focused on consumer-related or society-level variables, by exploring the role of frontline employees and organizational support in terms of leadership and climate.
Students’ first professional placement: unravelling expectations and realities
Authors: Eastgate Lindsay , Bialocerkowski Andrea , Creed Peter , Hood Michelle , Machin Michael Anthony , Brough Paula , Winterbotham Sonya 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThis study aims to examine the anticipated and actual challenges encountered by occupational therapy and physiotherapy students during their first full-time professional placement and to understand the strategies they implemented to manage their multiple life roles.Design/methodology/approachLongitudinal qualitative research examined students’ anticipated and reported challenges with their first block professional placement and the strategies they implemented during it. In total, 22 occupational therapy and physiotherapy students were interviewed at two time points (pre- and post-placement), producing 44 interview data points. Transcribed interviews were analysed thematically using a hybrid approach.FindingsPre-placement, students perceived potential challenges related to the distance between their placement location and where they resided and their ability to maintain balance in their multiple roles. Post-placement, the main reported challenge was maintaining role balance, due to unexpected challenges and students’ unanticipated tiredness. Students implemented strategies to assist with managing multiple roles and reflected on the benefits and drawbacks of placements. They also considered the necessary future adjustments.Practical implicationsThis study highlighted the importance of social support and the need for proactive recovery strategies to negate the tiredness that students experienced on placement.Originality/valueThis is the first study, to our knowledge, to investigate how allied health students, on their first block of professional placement, balanced their multiple roles over time.
Health communication and social media: Asian perspective
Authors: Afifi Subhan , Yaman Aris , Bakti I Gede Mahatma Yuda , Sumaedi Sik 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
This study aims to conduct a bibliometric assessment of existing literature in the fields of health communication and social media in the Asian context.

Design/methodology/approach
Using 265 Scopus-indexed papers, a comprehensive bibliometric study was performed, incorporating both performance and science mapping analyses.

Findings
The results reveal an increasing trend in the publication of this topic. This study also identified the top author, country, articles and author collaboration clusters. Four primary themes emerged from the publications: “Papillomavirus” and “the COVID-19 pandemic” were categorized as niche themes; “gender and cohort” was identified as a basic theme; and “behavioral intention” was classified as an emerging or declining theme. These can serve as the foundations for future research directions.

Research limitations/implications
This research used only the Scopus database as its data source. However, future bibliometric research could investigate other databases.

Practical implications
This paper has practical implications for researchers, health communication managers, government and policymakers. It provides valuable information that can guide researchers in conducting new studies, fostering collaborations and conducting further bibliometric analyses. Health communication managers can use this paper to design and manage social media-based health communication programs. The government could leverage these findings to support evidence-based policy implementation in the field of health communication.

Originality/value
This study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, marks the first bibliometric analysis focused on the literature in the field of health communication and social media in the Asian context.
Second-chance employment as a “win-win-win”: an innovative stakeholder approach for hospitality practitioners
Authors: Pons Sydney , Quadri-Felitti Donna , Jolly Phillip M. , Tews Michael J. 
Published: August 2024

PurposeHiring employees with criminal records has become a heightened topic of conversation for hospitality practitioners. The labor shortage in the hospitality industry has increased consideration for individuals impacted by the justice system, bolstered by programming such as second-chance vocational training programs. However, hospitality practitioners with second-chance employment practices have had challenges managing the multiple stakeholder relationships to employ and retain justice-impacted employees. The purpose of this paper is to aid practitioners in the hospitality industry with an innovative and inclusive hiring practice with timely implications in the United States.Design/methodology/approachThis paper will emphasize the correctional system actors, community-based partners, and justice-impacted employees as salient stakeholders in such hiring contexts. Employing a stakeholder theoretical perspective, we outline a stakeholder map for hospitality practitioners with fair chance hiring practices to better understand second-chance employees.FindingsOrganizations do not sit on the periphery of a community; they are interconnected with the community in many direct and indirect ways. Past research has yet to identify a relationship between stakeholder theory and second-chance employment when the stakeholders involved in this employee population are arguably extended. By providing a stakeholder mapping process second-chance employment context, the interwoven actors’ needs can be more holistically assessed.Originality/valueIn America, individuals with a criminal record are often a forgotten and stigmatized labor pool. With this paper, we aim to break down barriers of bias while encouraging the narrative toward true Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging (DEIB) hiring practices. Multiple stakeholder management is often an organizational challenge, and by providing this framework, we provide guidelines to practitioners while highlighting the opportunity for community leadership. To that end, we provide guidelines for hospitality practitioners intending to increase justice-involved employee retention through stakeholder relationship management.
Carbon neutral higher education institutions: a reality check, challenges and solutions
Authors: Ahonen Veronica Lucia , Woszczek Aleksandra , Baumeister Stefan , Helimo Ulla T. , Jackson Anne Kristiina , Kopsakangas-Savolainen Maria , Kääriä Juha , Lehtonen Tommi , Luoranen Mika , Pongrácz Eva , Soukka Risto , Vainio Veera , El Geneidy Sami 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
Calculating an organization's carbon footprint is crucial for assessing and implementing emission reductions. Although Finnish higher education institutions (HEIs) aim for carbon neutrality by 2030, limited research exists on plans to reach a similar target in any country. This paper aims to address the shared and individual challenges Finnish HEIs have with carbon footprint calculations, reductions, resources and offsetting.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey was targeted to sustainability experts in all 38 HEIs in Finland to identify key patterns and trends in the focus fields of the study. SWOT analysis was used to classify main strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats, based on which a series of policy recommendations was drafted.

Findings
Finnish HEIs are committed to carbon footprint tracking (97%, annually by 87%). The lack of standardization and the number of external stakeholders complicate accounting indirect emissions, impeding comparability and reliability. Only 39% had set separate emission reduction targets, suggesting a preference for carbon footprint over other environmental impact indicators. Insufficient monetary and human resources emerged in 23% of institutions, especially those smaller in size. Only 52% had clear offsetting plans, with shared concerns over trust and responsibility.

Originality/value
By including both research universities and universities of applied sciences, the findings provide an unprecedented outlook into the entire Finnish HEI sector. The policy recommendations guide HEIs both locally and globally on how to improve their transparency and scientific integrity, reflect on core successes and weaknesses and how they complete their objectives of education, research and social impact while promoting stronger sustainability.