bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Model for the Mechanisms of Charge Transport Controlled by the Short-range Mobility
Authors: Dallacasa Valerio 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTStudies of carrier motion in a variety of nanostructures have indicated that a modified Drude model can be applied, by considering carrier bound motion from backscattering mechanisms and localized oscillator modes. Based on the results of these studies a model of damped harmonic oscillation modes is suggested to evaluate transport parameters in piezotronic devices. Here, the case of a system subject to static and low frequency piezoelectric fields is considered which corresponds to typical working conditions of nanogenerators and, as a working example, the response of ZnO nanowires excited by sound waves is analyzed.
Adhesion Strength and Microstructure of Cu/Ni/OsOx/glass Structure for Highly-Reliable Cu Interconnection
Authors: Watanabe Mitsuhiro , Kondoh Eiichi 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThis study demonstrates that thin metallic oxide layers, such as OsOx and ZnO, function as a strong adhesion layer between Cu film and glass substrate. The adhesion strength was studied with a micro-scratch tester and the films and interfaces were characterized by energydispersive X-ray spectrometry. The presence of an extremely thin intermixing layer was confirmed at the metal/glass interfaces. The formation of such an interfacial layer increased the adhesion strength significantly.
Effect of Primary Care Intervention on Breastfeeding Duration and Intensity
Authors: Bonuck Karen , Stuebe Alison , Barnett Josephine , Labbok Miriam H. , Fletcher Jason , Bernstein Peter S. 
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We determined the effectiveness of primary care–based, and pre- and postnatal interventions to increase breastfeeding. Methods. We conducted 2 trials at obstetrics and gynecology practices in the Bronx, New York, from 2008 to 2011. The Provider Approaches to Improved Rates of Infant Nutrition & Growth Study (PAIRINGS) had 2 arms: usual care versus pre- and postnatal visits with a lactation consultant (LC) and electronically prompted guidance from prenatal care providers (EP). The Best Infant Nutrition for Good Outcomes (BINGO) study had 4 arms: usual care, LC alone, EP alone, or LC+EP. Results. In BINGO at 3 months, high intensity was greater for the LC+EP (odds ratio [OR] = 2.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08, 6.84) and LC (OR = 3.22; 95% CI = 1.14, 9.09) groups versus usual care, but not for the EP group alone. In PAIRINGS at 3 months, intervention rates exceeded usual care (OR = 2.86; 95% CI = 1.21, 6.76); the number needed to treat to prevent 1 dyad from nonexclusive breastfeeding at 3 months was 10.3 (95% CI = 5.6, 50.7). Conclusions. LCs integrated into routine care alone and combined with EP guidance from prenatal care providers increased breastfeeding intensity at 3 months postpartum.
Maternal Stressful Life Events Prior to Conception and the Impact on Infant Birth Weight in the United States
Authors: Witt Whitney P. , Cheng Erika R. , Wisk Lauren E. , Litzelman Kristin , Chatterjee Debanjana , Mandell Kara , Wakeel Fathima 
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We sought to determine if and to what extent a woman’s exposure to stressful life events prior to conception (PSLEs) were associated with subsequent infant birth weight by using a nationally representative sample of US women. Methods. We examined 9350 mothers and infants participating in the first wave of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort in 2001. Weighted regressions estimated the effect of exposure on very low and low birth weight, adjusting for maternal sociodemographic and health factors and stress during pregnancy. Results. Twenty percent of women experienced any PSLE. In adjusted analyses, exposed women were 38% more likely to have a very low birth weight infant than nonexposed women. Furthermore, the accumulation of PSLEs was associated with reduced infant birth weight. Conclusions. This was the first nationally representative study to our knowledge to investigate the impact of PSLEs on very low and low birth weight in the United States. Interventions aimed to improve birth outcomes will need to shift the clinical practice paradigm upstream to the preconception period to reduce women’s exposure to stress over the life course and improve the long-term health of children.
Energy efficiency of growing ram lambs fed concentrate-based diets with different roughage sources
Authors: Galvani D. B. , Pires A. V. , Susin I. , Gouvêa V. N. , Berndt A. , Chagas L. J. , Dórea J. R. R. , Abdalla A. L. , Tedeschi L. O. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Poor-quality roughages are widely used as fiber sources in concentrate-based diets for ruminants. Because roughage quality is associated with the efficiency of energy use in forage-based diets, the objective of this study was to determine whether differing the roughage source in concentrate-based diets could change the energy requirements of growing lambs. Eighty-four 1/2 Dorper × 1/2 Santa In®s ram lambs (18.0 ± 3.3 kg BW) were individually penned and divided into 2 groups according to primary source of dietary roughage: low-quality roughage (LQR; sugarcane bagasse) or medium-quality roughage (MQR; coastcross hay). Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (2.6% N) and to meet 20% of physically effective NDF. After a 10-d ad libitum adaptation period, 7 lambs from each group were randomly selected and slaughtered (baseline). Twenty-one lambs in each diet group were fed ad libitum and slaughtered at 25, 35, or 45 kg BW. The remaining 28 lambs (14 from each diet group) were submitted to 1 of 2 levels of feed restriction: 70% or 50% of the ad libitum intake. Retentions of body fat, N, and energy were determined. Additionally, 6 ram lambs (44.3 ± 5.6 kg BW) were kept in metabolic cages and used in a 6 × 6 Latin square experiment designed to establish the ME content of the 2 diets at the 3 levels of DM intake. There was no effect of intake level on diet ME content, but it was greater in the diet with LQR than in the diet with MQR (3.18 vs. 2.94 Mcal/kg, respectively; P &lt; 0.01). Lambs fed the diet with LQR had greater body fat (g/kg of empty BW) and energy concentrations (kcal/kg of empty BW) because of a larger visceral fat deposition (P &lt; 0.05). Using a low-quality roughage as a primary source of forage in a concentrate-based diet for growing lambs did not change NEm and the efficiency of ME use for maintenance, which averaged 71.6 kcal/kg0.75 of shrunk BW and 0.63, respectively. On the other hand, the greater nonfibrous carbohydrate content of the diet with LQR resulted in a 17% better efficiency of ME use for gain (P &lt; 0.01), which was associated with a greater partial efficiency of energy retention as fat (P &lt; 0.01). This increased nutritional efficiency, however, should be viewed with caution because it is related to visceral fat deposition, a nonedible tissue.
Analysis of the glacial geomorphological characteristics of the last glacial in the Tianger area, Tien Shan, and their paleoclimate implications
Authors: Nie Zhenyu , Pan Renyi , Li Chuanchuan , Zhang Mei , Liu Gengnian 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Tianger area in the Tien Shan preserves many glacial landforms to which several methods of estimating ancient equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) can be applied. Thus it provides the opportunity to compare different methods and evaluate the correlation between the methods and their errors. This comparison provides guidance in the application of these methods in other mid-latitude alpine glaciated areas. In this paper we calculate characteristic ratios relating to the ELAs, including accumulation–area ratio (AAR), toe–headwall altitude ratio (THAR), terminus–summit altitude method (TSAM) and Höfer value, and their correlations with each other and the geomorphological characteristics. The AAR of a glacier is small when the slope of the bedrock beneath it is small and the area is large, and the AAR of a glacier with such characteristics is better correlated with its THAR, TSAM and Höfer value. Paleoclimate information derived from these characteristic ratios relating to ELAs is discussed. The glaciers and the glacial climate of the early and middle stage of the last glacial are more continental than those of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Compared with those of the LGM on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and surrounding mountains, the ELA characteristics of the early and middle stage of the last glacial in the Tianger area show more continental features.
Deux figures de l'administration coloniale en Tunisie à la fin du protectorat : Bardin et Nullet (1946-1956)
Authors: Mouilleau Elizabeth 
Published: December 2013

Nous présentons dans cet article deux figures antinomiques des contrôles civils en Tunisie à la fin du protectorat : Pierre Bardin et Emile Nullet à partir d'archives orales et personnelles.
Le premier incarne l'homme du bled. C'est un homme d'études et de terrain. Sa carrière est vouée à l'amélioration des conditions de vie des populations tunisiennes. Il met en place dans le cadre du paysannat un programme de coopératives pour les fellahs et se retrouve en porte-à-faux entre le monde indigène et les gros colons qui le critiquent.
La deuxième figure est celle d'un fonctionnaire colonial sans état d'âme. Colonial avant tout, Nullet mettra son expérience et sa science de la répression au service du protectorat. Nos deux contrôleurs représentent deux tendances qui ont prévalu dans les contrôles civils à la fin du protectorat.
Institutrices françaises à Madagascar (1896-1939)
Authors: DUTEIL Simon 
Published: December 2013

Simon DUTEIL : Enseignantes françaises à Madagascar (1896-1939).

Cette contribution s'inscrit dans un travail de thèse concernant les enseignants français partis travailler dans l'empire colonial, de la fin du XIXe siècle aux indépendances. En ce qui concerne leur présence physique "aux colonies" l'étude de ce corps enseignant porte plus précisément sur Madagascar.
Fonctionnaires détachés au ministère des colonies, parfois embauchés directement par le gouvernement colonial, ces enseignants représentent fortement la "mission civilisatrice" justifiant la domination coloniale. À la fois membre de la société coloniale et travaillant en direction d'une frange de la population malgache, ils ont un positionnement atypique, réfléchissant directement, en tant que groupe social, à la domination coloniale, aux relations aux populations colonisées.
Après avoir défini le corps enseignant français à Madagascar dans sa composition sociale et culturelle, ainsi que dans son action coloniale, cette contribution se propose de travailler sur les enjeux, les réalités, des enseignantes en essayant de cerner les spécificités de genre. Cette contribution utilisera notamment les méthodes prosopographiques sur ce groupe qui peut être défini comme : les femmes de nationalités françaises travaillant pour le service de l'enseignement officiel de Madagascar.
Plus précisément plusieurs points seront l'objet d'une étude de genre : les motivations au départ colonial, la réalité du travail, la participation à l'action corporative, la participation à la société "européenne", les considérations sur le colonialisme, sur les "colonisées" et les relations à la métropole.
Targeted Chromatin Profiling Reveals Novel Enhancers in Ig H and Ig L Chain Loci
Authors: Predeus Alexander V. , Gopalakrishnan Suhasni , Huang Yue , Tang Jun , Feeney Ann J. , Oltz Eugene M. , Artyomov Maxim N. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The assembly and expression of mouse Ag receptor genes are controlled by a collection of cis-acting regulatory elements, including transcriptional promoters and enhancers. Although many powerful enhancers have been identified for Ig (Ig) and TCR (Tcr) loci, it remained unclear whether additional regulatory elements remain undiscovered. In this study, we use chromatin profiling of pro–B cells to define 38 epigenetic states in mouse Ag receptor loci, each of which reflects a distinct regulatory potential. One of these chromatin states corresponds to known transcriptional enhancers and identifies a new set of candidate elements in all three Ig loci. Four of the candidates were subjected to functional assays, and all four exhibit enhancer activity in B but not in T lineage cells. The new regulatory elements identified by focused chromatin profiling most likely have important functions in the creation, refinement, and expression of Ig repertoires.
DIVERSIDAD DE ESPECIES ARBUSTIVAS EN UNA ZONA SEMIÁRIDA DEL CENTRO DE MÉXICO
Authors: Gelviz-Gelvez Sandra M. , Pavón Hernández Numa P. 
Published: December 2013

La diversidad alfa (verdadera) y la diversidad beta (recambio y anidamiento) de especies arbustivas se evaluaron en la zona semiárida del estado de Hidalgo, México. El índice de valor de importancia de las especies se relacionó con variables edáficas y elementos climáticos. Se reportan 46 especies arbustivas pertenecientes a 21 familias, entre las que sobresalen Asteraceae y Fabaceae. El mayor número de especies efectivas registradas en un sitio fue de 7.8 y el menor de 1.6. La diversidad beta fue alta (0.9), lo cual se explica principalmente por el recambio de especies entre sitios (0.87) y en menor medida por el anidamiento (0.38). Las variables ambientales que mejor explicaron la distribución de las especies fueron la precipitación, el porcentaje de arena, el pH y el nitrógeno. Los resultados coinciden con lo documentado en otras zonas semiáridas, donde la alta diversidad regional se debe a un alto recambio de especies generado por la heterogeneidad ambiental que se muestra como un mosaico de condiciones, tanto de los elementos climáticos como de las características edáficas.
The Paris Debate: Ricœur’s Public Intervention and Private Reflections on the Status and Meaning of Christian Philosophy in the 1930s
Authors: Sohn Michael 
Published: December 2013

This article explores Paul Ricœur’s early writings in the 1930s on Christian philosophy. It seeks to contextualize both his published and unpublished works from that period within the robust historical, philosophical and theological debates in Paris between the leading intellectuals of the time: Bréhier, Gilson, Blondel, Brunschvicg, Marcel, Maury, de Lubac, and Barth. The article proceeds to examine Ricœur’s own position within these debates.
Recension: Jean Grondin, Paul Ricœur (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, Que sais-je? n° 3952, 2013).
Authors: Frey Daniel 
Published: December 2013

Recension: Jean Grondin, Paul Ricœur (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, Que sais-je? n° 3952, 2013), 127 pp.
2014 Mid-Atlantic Telehealth Resource Center Annual Summit
Authors: Wibberly Katharine Hsu 
Published: December 2013

The Mid-Atlantic Resource Center (MATRC; http://www.matrc.org/) advances the adoption and utilization of telehealth within the MATRC region and works collaboratively with the other federally funded Telehealth Resource Centers to accomplish the same nationally. MATRC offers technical assistance and other resources within the following mid-Atlantic states: Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia. The 2014 MATRC Summit “Adding Value through Sustainable Telehealth” will be held March 30-April 1, 2014, at the Fredericksburg Expo & Conference Center, Fredericksburg, VA. The Summit will explore how telehealth adds value to patients, practitioners, hospitals, health systems, and other facilities. Participants will experience a highly interactive program built around the case history of “Mr. Doe” as he progresses through the primary care, inpatient hospitalization, and post-discharge environments. The Summit will conclude with a session on financial and business models for providing sustainable telehealth services. For further information and registration, visit: http://matrc.org/component/content/article/2-uncategorised/80-mid-atlantic-telehealth-resource-summit-2014
American Telemedicine Association: 19th Annual International Meeting & Tradeshow
Authors: Bernard Jordana 
Published: December 2013

The 2014 American Telemedicine Association (ATA 2014) Annual International Meeting & Exposition, will be held May 18-20, 2014 in Baltimore, Maryland. ATA 2014 will bring together healthcare professionals, leading telemedicine programs, and industry. This meeting has been the premier forum for professionals in the telemedicine, telehealth and mHealth space for over 19 years. ATA 2014 is on course to be the largest ATA meeting ever, with over 6,000 projected attendees. The exhibit hall will feature nearly 300 of the leading vendors in remote healthcare technologies. The program will include 500 educational sessions and posters highlighting the latest innovations, applications and research in telemedicine. The educational sessions at ATA 2014 will offer training, information, and updates on issues vital to the practice and industry of telemedicine. Detailed program information--including courses, sessions and Continuing Medical Education (CME) information--will be available January 2014 at: http://www.americantelemed.org.
Mixing state and hygroscopicity of dust and haze particles before leaving Asian continent
Authors: Li Weijun , Shao Longyi , Shi Zongbo , Chen Jianmin , Yang Lingxiao , Yuan Qi , Yan Chao , Zhang Xiaoye , Wang Yaqiang , Sun Junying , Zhang Yangmei , Shen Xiaojing , Wang Zifa , Wang Wenxing 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPollutants during haze and Asian dust storms are transported out of the Asian continent, affecting the regional climate and the hydrological and biogeochemical cycles. Understanding the physicochemical properties of aerosol particles is essential to quantify their impacts. In order to determine physicochemical properties of aerosols before leaving the Asian continent, we carried out a field campaign from 14 April to 2 May 2011 at a background site in the path of Asian dust and haze outflows. We measured concentrations of gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO2, NO, O3, and CO), black carbon (BC), and particle number in situ and collected airborne particles for microscopic analysis. Pollutant concentrations (BC, 4 µg m−3; CO, 808 ppb; SO2, 24 ppb; NO2, 37 ppb) were highest during haze periods, except for PM2.5 mass, which was highest (162 µg m−3) during a dust storm. Seventy‐one percent of haze particles were coated with organic films and 32% were internal mixtures of sulfates and refractory particles (e.g., soot, metal/fly ash, and mineral). Seventy‐nine percent of haze particles have deliquescence relative humidity at 68–70%. During a dust storm, soot particles were observed among dust particles. Most dust particles were hydrophobic, and no Ca(NO3)2 was observed in dust particles collected during the dust storms, but up to 32% of dust particles were found to be coated with Ca(NO3)2 after the main dust storm moved out of the sampling area. These results indicated that both natural and anthropogenic aerosol particles in Asian outflow can undergo significant physicochemical processes before leaving the Asian continent.
Adaptive neuro‐predictive control for redundant robot manipulators in presence of static and dynamic obstacles: A Lyapunov‐based approach
Authors: Jasour Ashkan M. , Farrokhi Mohammad 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents a novel approach for online path tracking and obstacle avoidance of redundant robot manipulators. To this end, a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) method is designed that can track a desired path or reaches a moving target in the Cartesian space while avoiding static or moving obstacles as well as singular configurations in the workspace of the robot. The finite cost function of the NMPC is optimized at every sampling time, yielding an online optimal approach. In order to avoid collisions with moving obstacles and, at the same time, capturing a moving target, the future positions of the obstacles and the moving target are predicted using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Moreover, ANNs are employed to find a proper nonlinear model for the NMPC. The adaptation laws for the ANNs are obtained using the Lyapunov's direct method. The advantages of the proposed method are fourfold: (i) an adaptive and optimal approach is obtained, which can cope with changes in the system parameters; (ii) no inverse kinematics of the redundant manipulators is required; (iii) no prior knowledge about the obstacles and motion of the moving object is required; and (iv) stability of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed. Numerical simulations, performed on a four degree‐of‐freedom redundant spatial manipulator actuated by DC servomotors, show effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exfoliation of Threading Dislocation‐Free, Single‐Crystalline, Ultrathin Gallium Nitride Nanomembranes
Authors: ElAfandy Rami T. , Majid Mohammed A. , Ng Tien Khee , Zhao Lan , Cha Dongkyu , Ooi Boon S. 
Published: December 2013

Despite the recent progress in gallium nitride (GaN) growth technology, the excessively high threading dislocation (TD) density within the GaN crystal, caused by the reliance on heterogeneous substrates, impedes the development of high‐efficiency, low‐cost, GaN‐based heterostructure devices. For the first time, the chemical exfoliation of completely TD‐free, single‐crystalline, ultrathin (tens of nanometers) GaN nanomembranes is demonstrated using UV‐assisted electroless chemical etching. These nanomembranes can act as seeding layers for subsequent overgrowth of high‐quality GaN. A model is proposed, based on scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as optical measurements to explain the physical processes behind the formation of the GaN nanomembranes. These novel nanomembranes, once transferred to other substrates, present a unique and technologically attractive path towards integrating high‐efficiency GaN optical components along with silicon electronics. Interestingly, due to their nanoscale thickness and macroscopic sizes, these nanomembranes may enable the production of flexible GaN‐based optoelectronics.
Forest Sustainability in China and Implications for a Telecoupled World
Authors: Liu Jianguo 
Published: December 2013

AbstractChina's forest cover has been increasing in the past three decades, which is in sharp contrast to rapid declines in other natural resources. Understanding the mechanisms of forest recovery and their effects is essential for sustaining forests in China and elsewhere. Some studies suggest that imports of forest products have contributed to the increase in forest cover of China and the decline in forest cover of exporting countries. However, it is not clear whether other countries beyond the exporting countries are affected. Using the framework of telecoupling (socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances), we found that China's forest cover increase is affected by multiple telecoupling processes (e.g. trade of food and forest products) and their interactions with each other and with other factors. The socioeconomic and environmental impacts of telecoupling processes go well beyond China and the exporting countries. As China's demand for forest products and other ecosystem services such as food and water continues to rise, telecouplings will become even more important for sustainable forests, food security, water security, human well‐being and environmental sustainability in the future. New and more effective policies are needed to minimise negative and enhance positive impacts of telecouplings on China and other countries around the world.