bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitford vs. Hemans: Resisting the “Omnipotence of Words” in Dramatic Romance and Romantic Drama
Authors: Beshero‐Bondar Elisa 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRomance poetry, drama, and theatrical productions shared common elements in the early nineteenth century, reflecting a hybridization of genres characteristic of Romanticism. In both published and performed work, the verse romances, dramatic poems, and staged historical tragedies of Mary Russell Mitford and Felicia Hemans bear comparison in featuring silence and withdrawal in the parts of lead characters. Mitford's and Hemans's use of antitype characters to represent large‐scale national crises reflects their mutual grounding in German theater and drama, particularly that of Friedrich Schiller. Each poet has been associated with liberal idealism in representing corruptions of language as a sign of tyranny, and each poet develops characters who resist and evade the dictums of authority through silence. Nevertheless, Mitford's approach differs from Hemans's in the deployment of silent resistance to test problems with liberal idealism. Hemans emphasizes futility to alter a patriarchal script of destiny so that her resisting characters can only connect with audiences in a future time and cannot affect their own moment, while Mitford brings alternate possibilities within reach of her resisting characters in their time, leaving them to face a tentative future yet to be defined.
The population structure and recent colonization history ofOregon threespine stickleback determined using restriction‐site associatedDNA‐sequencing
Authors: Catchen Julian , Bassham Susan , Wilson Taylor , Currey Mark , O'Brien Conor , Yeates Quick , Cresko William A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUnderstanding how genetic variation is partitioned across genomes within and among populations is a fundamental problem in ecological and evolutionary genetics. To address this problem, we studied the threespine stickleback fish, which has repeatedly undergone parallel phenotypic and genetic differentiation when oceanic fish have invaded freshwater habitats. While significant evolutionary genetic research has been performed using stickleback from geographic regions that have been deglaciated in the last 20 000 years, less research has focused on freshwater populations that predate the last glacial maximum. We performed restriction‐site associatedDNA‐sequencing (RAD‐seq) based population genomic analyses on stickleback from acrossOregon, which was not glaciated during the last maximum. We sampled stickleback from coastal, Willamette Basin and centralOregon sites, analysed their genetic diversity usingRAD‐seq, performedstructureanalyses, reconstructed their phylogeographic history and tested the hypothesis of recent stickleback introduction into centralOregon, where incidence of this species was only recently documented. Our results showed a clear phylogeographic break between coastal and inland populations, with oceanic populations exhibiting the lowest levels of divergence from one another. Willamette Basin and central Oregon populations formed a clade of closely related populations, a finding consistent with a recent introduction of stickleback into central Oregon. Finally, genome‐wide analysis of genetic diversity (π) and correlations of alleles within individuals in subpopulations (FIS) supported a role for introgressive hybridization in coastal populations and a recent expansion in central Oregon. Our results exhibit the power of next‐generation sequencing genomic approaches such asRAD‐seq to identify both historical population structure and recent colonization history.
Ralstonia solanacearum, a widespread bacterial plant pathogen in the post‐genomic era
Authors: Peeters Nemo , Guidot Alice , Vailleau Fabienne , Valls Marc 
Published: May 2013

SummaryRalstonia solanacearum is a soil‐borne bacterium causing the widespread disease known as bacterial wilt. Ralstonia solanacearum is also the causal agent of Moko disease of banana and brown rot of potato. Since the last R. solanacearum pathogen profile was published 10 years ago, studies concerning this plant pathogen have taken a genomic and post‐genomic direction. This was pioneered by the first sequenced and annotated genome for a major plant bacterial pathogen and followed by many more genomes in subsequent years. All molecular features studied now have a genomic flavour. In the future, this will help in connecting the classical field of pathology and diversity studies with the gene content of specific strains. In this review, we summarize the recent research on this bacterial pathogen, including strain classification, host range, pathogenicity determinants, regulation of virulence genes, type III effector repertoire, effector‐triggered immunity, plant signalling in response to R. solanacearum, as well as a review of different new pathosystems.TaxonomyBacteria; Proteobacteria; β subdivision; Ralstonia group; genus Ralstonia.Disease symptomsRalstonia solanacearum is the agent of bacterial wilt of plants, characterized by a sudden wilt of the whole plant. Typically, stem cross‐sections will ooze a slimy bacterial exudate. In the case of Moko disease of banana and brown rot of potato, there is also visible bacterial colonization of banana fruit and potato tuber.Disease controlAs a soil‐borne pathogen, infected fields can rarely be reused, even after rotation with nonhost plants. The disease is controlled by the use of resistant and tolerant plant cultivars. The prevention of spread of the disease has been achieved, in some instances, by the application of strict prophylactic sanitation practices.Useful websitesStock centre: International Centre for Microbial Resources—French Collection for Plant‐associated Bacteria CIRM‐CFBP, IRHS UMR 1345 INRA‐ACO‐UA, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070 Beaucouzé Cedex, France, http://www.angers‐nantes.inra.fr/cfbp/. Ralstonia Genome browser: https://iant.toulouse.inra.fr/R.solanacearum. GMI1000 insertion mutant library: https://iant.toulouse.inra.fr/R.solanacearumGMI1000/GenomicResources. MaGe Genome Browser: https://www.genoscope.cns.fr/agc/microscope/mage/viewer.php?
Woody Debris Amendment Enhances Reclamation after Oil Sands Mining in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Brown Robyn L. , Naeth M. Anne 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMining disturbs large forested areas around the world, including boreal forests after oil sands mining in Canada. Industrial companies are expected to reclaim degraded land to ecosystems with equivalent land capability. This research showed the value of woody debris for reclamation of dramatically disturbed landscapes with a forest ecosystem end land use. Adding woody debris during reclamation can facilitate recovery of flora, soil nutrient cycling and water and nutrient holding capacity. Combined with forest floor material, woody debris can provide native plant propagules that would be otherwise commercially unavailable. Sites with and without woody debris on forest floor material containing identifiable litter (L), fragmented and fermented litter (F), and humus (H) (LFH), and peat mineral soil mix (peat) cover soils were studied. Within 2 years, woody debris decreased bare ground and created microsites which were positively associated with greater vegetation cover and woody plant density. Woody debris treatments had lower soil available nitrate and soil under woody debris had a lower temperature range and higher soil volumetric water content than control treatments without woody debris. Woody debris did not affect first year microbial biomass carbon or mycorrhizae, but both were greater on LFH than peat cover soil. LFH was associated with lower bare ground and greater vegetation cover, species richness, and soil phosphorus and potassium than peat cover soil, which had greater soil sulfate.
Effect of Multivitamin Supplementation on Measles Vaccine Response among HIV-Exposed Uninfected Tanzanian Infants
Authors: Sudfeld Christopher R. , Duggan Christopher , Histed Alex , Manji Karim P. , Meydani Simin N. , Aboud Said , Wang Molin , Giovannucci Edward L. , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Immunization and nutritional interventions are mainstays of child health programs in sub-Saharan Africa, yet few published data exist on their interactions. HIV-exposed (but uninfected) infants enrolled in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of multivitamin supplements (vitamins B complex, C, and E) conducted in Tanzania were sampled for an assessment of measles IgG quantity and avidity at 15 to 18 months. Infants were vaccinated between 8.5 and 12 months of age, and all mothers received high-dose multivitamins as the standard of care. Of 201 HIV-exposed infants who were enrolled, 138 (68.7%) were seropositive for measles. There were no effects of infant multivitamin supplementation on measles seroconversion proportions, IgG concentrations, or IgG avidity (
P
> 0.05). The measles seroconversion proportion was greater for HIV-exposed infants vaccinated at 10 to 11 months of age than for those vaccinated at 8.5 to 10 months (
P
= 0.032) and greater for infants whose mothers had a CD4 T-cell count of <200 cells/μl than for infants whose mothers had a CD4 T-cell count of >350 cells/μl (
P
= 0.039). Stunted infants had a significantly decreased IgG quantity compared to nonstunted infants (
P
= 0.012). As for measles avidity, HIV-exposed infants vaccinated at 10 to 11 months had increased antibody avidity compared to those vaccinated at 8.5 to 10 months (
P
= 0.031). Maternal CD4 T-cell counts of <200 cells/μl were associated with decreased avidity compared to counts of >350 cells/μl (
P
= 0.047), as were lower infant height-for-age z-scores (
P
= 0.016). Supplementation with multivitamins containing B complex, C, and E does not appear to improve measles vaccine responses for HIV-exposed infants. Studies are needed to better characterize the impact of maternal HIV disease severity on the immune system development of HIV-exposed infants and the effect of malnutrition interventions on vaccine responses. (This study has been registered at
ClinicalTrials.gov
under registration no. NCT00197730.)
Complete Genome Sequence of Dengue Virus Serotype 4 from Guangzhou, China
Authors: Bai Zhijun , Liu Qi , Jiang Li-yun , Liu Li-cheng , Cao Yi-min , Xu Yang , Jing Qin-long , Luo Lei , Yang Zhi-cong , Jiang Yong-qiang , Chen Wei-jun , Di Biao 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
In 2010, the first complete genome sequence of a dengue virus serotype 4 genotype II strain was reported in Guangzhou, China. Here, we report another isolated strain belonging to the genotype II. Our results will offer help to dengue virus control and precautions.
Meropenem Resistance in Imipenem-Susceptible Meropenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Not Detected by Rapid Automated Testing Systems
Authors: Harino Toshie , Kayama Shizuo , Kuwahara Ryuichi , Kashiyama Seiya , Shigemoto Norifumi , Onodera Makoto , Yokozaki Michiya , Ohge Hiroki , Sugai Motoyuki 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
showing high resistance to all β-lactams except imipenem, designated as ISMRK (imipenem-susceptible meropenem-resistant
Klebsiella
) is emerging in Japan. The carbapenem resistance of ISMRK cannot be screened by the Vitek and the RAISUS rapid automated susceptibility test systems, which may lead to inappropriate antimicrobial therapy, resulting in compromised patient outcomes.
Three Infectious Viral Species Lying in Wait in the Banana Genome
Authors: Chabannes Matthieu , Baurens Franc-Christophe , Duroy Pierre-Olivier , Bocs Stéphanie , Vernerey Marie-Stéphanie , Rodier-Goud Marguerite , Barbe Valérie , Gayral Philippe , Iskra-Caruana Marie-Line 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Plant pararetroviruses integrate serendipitously into their host genomes. The banana genome harbors integrated copies of banana streak virus (BSV) named endogenous BSV (eBSV) that are able to release infectious pararetrovirus. In this investigation, we characterized integrants of three BSV species—
Goldfinger
(eBSGFV),
Imove
(eBSImV), and
Obino l'Ewai
(eBSOLV)—in the seedy
Musa balbisiana
Pisang klutuk wulung (PKW) by studying their molecular structure, genomic organization, genomic landscape, and infectious capacity. All eBSVs exhibit extensive viral genome duplications and rearrangements. eBSV segregation analysis on an F1 population of PKW combined with fluorescent
in situ
hybridization analysis showed that eBSImV, eBSOLV, and eBSGFV are each present at a single locus. eBSOLV and eBSGFV contain two distinct alleles, whereas eBSImV has two structurally identical alleles. Genotyping of both eBSV and viral particles expressed in the progeny demonstrated that only one allele for each species is infectious. The infectious allele of eBSImV could not be identified since the two alleles are identical. Finally, we demonstrate that eBSGFV and eBSOLV are located on chromosome 1 and eBSImV is located on chromosome 2 of the reference
Musa
genome published recently. The structure and evolution of eBSVs suggest sequential integration into the plant genome, and haplotype divergence analysis confirms that the three loci display differential evolution. Based on our data, we propose a model for BSV integration and eBSV evolution in the
Musa balbisiana
genome. The mutual benefits of this unique host-pathogen association are also discussed.
Protection against Lethal Influenza with a Viral Mimic
Authors: Baker Steven F. , Guo Hailong , Albrecht Randy A. , García-Sastre Adolfo , Topham David J. , Martínez-Sobrido Luis 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTDespite countermeasures against influenza virus that prevent (vaccines) and treat (antivirals) infection, this upper respiratory tract human pathogen remains a global health burden, causing both seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. More potent and safe new vaccine technologies would contribute significantly to the battle against influenza and other respiratory infections. Using plasmid-based reverse genetics techniques, we have developed asingle-cycleinfectiousinfluenzavirus (sciIV) with immunoprotective potential. In our sciIV approach, the fourth viral segment, which codes for the receptor-binding and fusion protein hemagglutinin (HA), has been removed. Thus, upon infection of normal cells, although no infectious progeny are produced, the expression of other viral proteins occurs and is immunogenic. Consequently, sciIV is protective against influenza homologous and heterologous viral challenges in a mouse model. Vaccination with sciIV protects in a dose- and replication-dependent manner, which is attributed to both humoral responses and T cells. Safety, immunogenicity, and protection conferred by sciIV vaccination were also demonstrated in ferrets, where this immunization additionally blocked direct and aerosol transmission events. All together, our studies suggest that sciIV may have potential as a broadly protective vaccine against influenza virus.
IFITM-2 and IFITM-3 but Not IFITM-1 Restrict Rift Valley Fever Virus
Authors: Mudhasani Rajini , Tran Julie P. , Retterer Cary , Radoshitzky Sheli R. , Kota Krishna P. , Altamura Louis A. , Smith Jeffrey M. , Packard Beverly Z. , Kuhn Jens H. , Costantino Julie , Garrison Aura R. , Schmaljohn Connie S. , Huang I-Chueh , Farzan Michael , Bavari Sina 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

We show that interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM-1), IFITM-2, and IFITM-3 exhibit a broad spectrum of antiviral activity against several members of the
Bunyaviridae
family, including Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), La Crosse virus, Andes virus, and Hantaan virus, all of which can cause severe disease in humans and animals. We found that RVFV was restricted by IFITM-2 and -3 but not by IFITM-1, whereas the remaining viruses were equally restricted by all IFITMs. Indeed, at low doses of alpha interferon (IFN-α), IFITM-2 and -3 mediated more than half of the antiviral activity of IFN-α against RVFV. IFITM-2 and -3 restricted RVFV infection mostly by preventing virus membrane fusion with endosomes, while they had no effect on virion attachment to cells, endocytosis, or viral replication kinetics. We found that large fractions of IFITM-2 and IFITM-3 occupy vesicular compartments that are distinct from the vesicles coated by IFITM-1. In addition, although overexpression of all IFITMs expanded vesicular and acidified compartments within cells, there were marked phenotypic differences among the vesicular compartments occupied by IFITMs. Collectively, our data provide new insights into the possible mechanisms by which the IFITM family members restrict distinct viruses.
Introduction
Authors: Hatheway Allen W. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
It is with sadness, yet without reservation on the part of this retired soldier, that the findings of the twelve associated chapters in this volume portray a distressing military fact. Again, the traditional peacekeeping nations are flagging in their resolve to support democracy and peace among nations. The new millennium opens to a generational gap in which the young cannot sense that real dictators are far worse than cinema villains. Today’s youth breathes the fresh air purchased by the toil of their oppressed predecessors. Citizens suffer a declining interest in maintenance of armed forces worldwide, yet we must be conscious of the force-multiplication factors that weigh heavily on providing the means for fewer soldiers, sailors, and airmen to keep the peace most effectively through constant and fervent attention to military geology. Professional soldiers and civilian members of the military forces must train more diligently to keep the peace, and must do so with constant regard for preservation of the training environment. First-world military forces now bear serious financial constraints and stringent requirements from their civilian leaders to care for the natural environment during training. I thank the authors for presenting their evidence of the new and expanded roles in conservation, maintenance of training, and preservation of peace at favorable cost-benefit ratios for and by those nations that are dedicated to peace through judicious military strength.
Dating techniques in fault investigations
Authors: Murphy Philip J. , Briedis John , Peck John H. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Determining the time of most recent fault movement is an important part of assessing a possible site for a nuclear power plant. The purpose of this paper is not to present research information but to provide a practical guide to some of the dating techniques available to the engineering geologist working on nuclear power plant siting. Emphasis is placed on the practical aspects, such as usable minerals, conditions necessary for them to yield correct dates, degree of accuracy, sample collection, sample size, and sample packaging.
In this paper, we have taken for granted the usual geologic field techniques—such as those used in stratigraphy, paleontology, and structural analysis—for assessing fault history. We discuss laboratory techniques used in conjunction with or supplemental to field methods. The specific radiometric methods discussed are 14C (carbon-14), fission track, K-Ar (potassium-argon), thermoluminescense, Rb-Sr (rubidium-strontium), and U-Th (uranium-thorium). Racemization of amino acids, paleomagnetism, and fluid-inclusion techniques are the nonra-diometric methods that are discussed. Our experiences with some of these techniques are described as well.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and early newborn screening: 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP) during the first days of life
Authors: Gruñeiro de Papendieck L , Prieto L , Chiesa A , Bengolea S , Bergadá C 
Published: May 2013

Objective Definition of upper limits for 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP) is important as its measurement is used in screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia. This study aimed at investigating the cut off concentrations in relation to the day of sample collection. Methods 17α-OHP concentration was determined in dried filter paper blood spots taken from cord blood and by heel pricking up to the sixth day of life. A sensitive fluoroimmunoassay (DELFIA) method was used. Samples from 1091 apparently healthy full term neonates were tested. Samples were separated according to the age of sampling. Results The 17α-OHP (nmol/l blood) (median and 97.5th centile) concentrations according to the age of sampling were: cord blood (n=126) 123.7, 265.6; first day 0–6 hours (n=30) 49.4, 80.3; 6–12 hours (n=57) 42.7, 79.8; 12–18 hours (n=58) 38.1, 62.7; 18–24 hours (n=67) 28.8, 49.7; second day 24–36 hours (n=51) 23.6, 43.3; 36–48 hours (n=63) 19.9, 35.4; third day (n=200) 10.6, 23.5; fourth day (n=197) 8.8, 20.8; fifth day (n=76) 6.4, 18.3; sixth day (n=166) 6.6, 19.4. Conclusion Cord 17α-OHP concentrations were very high as previously described, probably owing to steroid production by fetal adrenal glands. Therefore, cord blood is not useful for screening purposes. Thereafter there is a gradual decline in 17α-OHP median concentrations. A cut off value of 30 nmol/l blood was useful in samples obtained after 48 hours of life. However, cut off values before 48 hours should be adjusted according to the sampling time.
Prevalence and molecular basis of α thalassaemia in British South Asians
Authors: Hassall O W , Tillyer M L , Old J M 
Published: May 2013

Objectives To determine the prevalence and molecular basis of α thalassaemia in the British South Asian population, and the implications for genetic screening for haemoglobin disorders. Methods 397 South Asian subjects were screened for haemoglobinopathy with measurement of full blood count, haemoglobin electrophoresis, haemoglobin A2 quantification, and plasma ferritin determination. α Globin gene mapping was successfully performed on 266 stored buffy coat samples using a Southern blot technique after hybridisation with BglII and BamHI. Results Of the 266 subjects in whom gene mapping was performed, 28 had a single α+ thalassaemia deletion and one was homozygous for this deletion (gene frequency 0.056). Half of the heterozygotes had normal mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) values. A further 16 subjects had probable non-deletional α+ thalassaemia. None had α0 thalassaemia. Conclusions α Thalassaemia is by far the commonest haemoglobinopathy in British South Asian subjects, but is not a cause of serious genetic risk. Screening and counselling should focus on subjects with more marked red cell hypochromia (MCH <25 pg), thus concentrating resources on subjects of different ethnic origins who may carry the α0 thalassaemia gene.
Evaluation of the effect of breast cancer screening by record linkage with the cancer registry, the Netherlands
Authors: Schouten L J , Schlangen J Th , de Rijke J M , Verbeek A L M 
Published: May 2013

Objective To evaluate the effect of a breast cancer screening programme by record linkage with the cancer registry. Setting Breast cancer screening programme in mid- and southern Limburg, the Netherlands. Method The data files of the breast cancer screening programme and the Maastricht Cancer Registry were linked in order to evaluate the effect of breast cancer screening. Only the first primary breast tumour was included in the evaluation. Results From 1990 until 1995 90 001 women participated in the first round of the breast cancer screening programme and 64 637 in subsequent rounds. After the introduction of screening the annual number of breast cancer diagnoses increased by almost 50%. The incidence decreased to previous levels after completion of the first screening round. Record linkage detected 219 interval cancers (within two and a half years of a screening), a proportionate incidence of 31% in the first year and 60% in the second year of the two-year interval between screenings. The incidence of node positive breast cancer was 1% lower in 1994 and 15% lower in 1995 than the incidence in the period 1987–90. Conclusions Evaluation of the effect of breast cancer screening in the Netherlands can be performed using routinely available cancer registry data. The results of this evaluation seem promising, but further studies are necessary to find ways to reduce the incidence of interval cancer.