bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re‐examining ethnic differences in concerns, knowledge, and beliefs about Alzheimer's disease: results from a national sample
Authors: Ayalon Liat 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate ethnic group differences in concerns, knowledge, and beliefs about Alzheimer's disease (AD) in three ethnic groups of older adults (White, Latino, and Black).MethodsThe Health and Retirement Study is a US national representative study of older adults over the age of 50 years and their spouse of any age. The study is based on the 2010 wave.ResultsAnalysis is based on data from 939 White, 120 Latino, and 171 Black respondents who completed a special module about AD concerns, knowledge, and beliefs. There were significant ethnic differences on 7 of 13 items. However, after the adjustment for education, gender, age, having a family member with AD, depressive symptoms, and medical comorbidity, only four items showed significant ethnic group differences; relative to White respondents, Black respondents were less likely to report that having a parent or a sibling with AD increases the chance of developing AD and that genetics was an important risk for AD. In addition, relative to White respondents, both Black and Latino respondents were more likely to perceive stress as a potential risk for AD. Latino respondents were less likely to perceive mental activity as a protective factor.ConclusionsThe study found limited ethnic group differences, with most items showing a similar pattern across groups. Nevertheless, the nature of the ethnic group differences found might be associated with a differential pattern of health service use. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
KLF4 promoted odontoblastic differentiation of mouse dental papilla cells via regulation of DMP1
Authors: Lin Heng , Liu Huan , Sun Qin , Yuan Guohua , Zhang Lu , Chen Zhi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOdontoblasts, which derive from dental papilla, are a type of terminally differentiated matrix‐secreting cells. Previous studies have identified various transcription factors involved in the differentiation process of odontoblasts. We have recently found that Krüppel‐like factor 4 (Klf4) was expressed in the polarizing and elongating odontoblasts, but the function of Klf4 in the differentiation of odontoblasts is still unclear. We hypothesized Klf4 promoted the differentiation of odontoblasts by up‐regulating some odontoblast‐related genes. In this study, we found that the expression of Klf4 increased significantly during the odontoblastic differentiation of primary mouse dental papilla cells and the mouse dental papilla cell line‐mDPC6T. Overexpression of Klf4 significantly up‐regulated odontoblast‐related genes, such as Dmp1, Dspp, and Alp, and promoted the accumulation of mineral nodules. Knock‐down of Klf4 down‐regulated expression of Dmp1, Dspp, and Alp, and inhibited mineral deposition. We applied in silico analysis and identified one target gene of Klf4—Dmp1. Based on further analysis of ChIP data, EMSA and dual luciferase activity assays, we confirmed that Klf4 was able to specifically bind to the Dmp1 promoter and transactivate its expression. Furthermore, forced expression of Dmp1 in the Klf4 knock‐down mDPC6T cell line significantly recovered its odontoblastic differentiation ability. Our data confirmed our hypothesis that Klf4 promotes the differentiation of odontoblasts via the up‐regulation of Dmp1. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 2076–2085, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Caveolin and TGF‐β entanglements
Authors: Meyer Christoph , Liu Yan , Dooley Steven 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTransforming growth factor (TGF)‐β is a multifunctional cytokine acting during development, tissue homeostasis, regeneration processes, and disease progression. Due to its pleiotropic effects, tight regulation of the induced signaling cascades is mandatory. Caveolin proteins regulate a specific endocytic pathway and modulate diverse signaling pathways and thus have been related to severe disorders, for example, cancer and fibrosis. Caveolin affects TGF‐β/‐Smad and non‐Smad signaling in many ways and thus can determine the cellular outcome upon TGF‐β challenge. Reciprocal regulation of caveolin and TGF‐β is also evident, ranging from gene expression to miRNA regulation. Finally, there is in vivo evidence that this crosstalk influences disease development and progression. This review gives an overview about the multifaceted relations of caveolin and TGF‐β. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 2097–2102, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FGF‐2 enhances Runx‐2/Smads nuclear localization in BMP‐2 canonical signaling in osteoblasts
Authors: Agas Dimitrios , Sabbieti Maria Giovanna , Marchetti Luigi , Xiao Liping , Hurley Marja M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) is one of the most potent regulators of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. R‐Smads (Smads 1/5/8) are the major transducers for BMPs receptors and, once activated, they are translocated in the nucleus regulating transcription target genes by interacting with various transcription factors. Runx‐2 proteins have been shown to interact through their C‐terminal segment with Smads and this interaction is required for in vivo osteogenesis. In particular, recruitment of Smads to intranuclear sites is Runx‐2 dependent, and Runx‐2 factor may accommodate the dynamic targeting of signal transducer to active transcription sites. Previously, we have shown, by in vitro and in vivo experiments, that BMP‐2 up‐regulated FGF‐2 which is important for the maximal responses of BMP‐2 in bone. In this study, we found that endogenous FGF2 is necessary for BMP‐2 induced nuclear accumulation and co‐localization of Runx‐2 and phospho‐Smads1/5/8, while Runx/Smads nuclear accumulation and co‐localization was reduced in Fgf2−/− osteoblasts. Based on these novel data, we conclude that the impaired nuclear accumulation of Runx‐2 in Fgf2−/− osteoblasts reduces R‐Smads sub‐nuclear targeting with a consequent decreased expression of differentiating markers and impaired bone formation in Fgf2 null mice. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 2149–2158, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel algorithm to assess gross primary production for terrestrial ecosystems from MODIS imagery
Authors: Yang Yuting , Shang Songhao , Guan Huade , Jiang Lei 
Published: April 2013

AbstractQuantifying carbon fluxes at large spatial scales has attracted considerable scientific attentions. In this study, a novel approach was proposed to estimate the terrestrial ecosystem gross primary production (GPP) using imagery from the satellite‐borne Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. The new model (named Temperature and Greenness Rectangle, TGR) uses a combination of MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index and Land Surface Temperature products as well as in situ measurement of photosynthetically active radiation to estimate GPP at a 16 day interval. Three major advantages are included in the model: (1) the model follows strictly the logic of the light use efficiency model and each parameter has physical meaning; (2) the model reduces the dependency on ground‐based meteorological measurements; and (3) the overlap of information in correlated explanatory variables is avoided. The model was calibrated with data from 17 sites within the Ameriflux network and validated at another 13 sites, covering a wide range of climates and eight major vegetation types. Results show that the TGR model explains reasonably well the tower‐based measurements of GPP for all vegetation types, except for the evergreen broadleaf forest, with the coefficient of determination in a range from 0.67 to 0.91 and the root mean square error from 9.0 to 31.9 g C/m2/16 days. Comparisons with other two models (the TG and GR model) show that the TGR model generally gives better GPP estimates in nearly all vegetation types, especially under dry climate conditions. These results indicate that the TGR model can be potentially used to estimate GPP at regional scale.
Molecular evidence for microorganisms participating in Fe, Mn, and S biogeochemical cycling in two low‐temperature hydrothermal fields at the Southwest Indian Ridge
Authors: Li Jiwei , Peng Xiaotong , Zhou Huaiyang , Li Jiangtao , Sun Zhilei 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe examined two low‐temperature hydrothermal deposits rich in Fe‐Si‐Mn collected from the recently discovered hydrothermal fields at the Southwest Indian Ridge using mineralogical, geochemical, and molecular biological techniques. The mineralogical and geochemical analyses indicated that the low‐temperature hydrothermal fields would provide a warm and chemical species‐rich habitat for chemosynthetic‐based hydrothermal ecosystems. Analyses of 16S rRNA sequences showed that ζ‐Proteobacteria, Pseudoalteromonas, Leptothrix, and Pseudomonas were potential Fe and Mn oxidizers in the low‐temperature hydrothermal environments, but they were not present in equal abundance among the subniches. Some potential Fe and Mn reducers were also recovered; they were more commonly found in the exterior black Fe‐Mn oxides. The difference between the exterior black Fe‐Mn oxides and the interior Opal‐A could be related to differences in in situ physicochemical conditions. We also identified microbial players that may participate in sulfur (S) geochemical cycling in these low‐temperature hydrothermal environments via analyses of 16S rRNA sequences and the aprA functional gene. The results indicated that members of γ‐Proteobacteria and α‐Proteobacteria were involved in the S oxidation process, while members of δ‐Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, Firmicutes, and Archaea might participate in the S reduction process. Fe, Mn, and S oxidizers and reducers might actively participate in hydrothermal biogeochemical processes, which could influence the transfer of chemical species and the formation of biogenic minerals.
Comparison of quiescent inflow single‐shot and native space for nonenhanced peripheral MR angiography
Authors: Ward Emily V. , Galizia Mauricio S. , Usman Asad , Popescu Andrada R. , Dunkle Eugene , Edelman Robert R. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo evaluate two nonenhanced MRA methods: quiescent‐interval single‐shot (QISS) and Native SPACE (NATIVE = Non‐contrast Angiography of the Arteries and Veins; SPACE = Sampling Perfection with Application Optimized Contrast by using different flip angle Evolution), using contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (CEMRA) as a reference standard.Materials and MethodsTwenty patients (14 male; mean, 69.3 years old) referred for lower extremity MRA were recruited in a HIPAA‐compliant prospective study. QISS and Native SPACE of the lower extremities were performed at 1.5 Tesla with a hybrid dual‐injection contrast‐enhanced MRA as reference. Image quality and stenosis severity were assessed in segments by two blinded radiologists. Methods were compared with logistic regression for correlated data for diagnostic accuracy.ResultsOf 496 arterial segments, 24 were considered nondiagnostic on the Native SPACE images. There were no QISS or CEMRA imaging segments considered to be nondiagnostic. Image quality was significantly higher for QISS than for Native SPACE. QISS stenosis sensitivity (84.9%) was not significantly different from Native SPACE (87.3%). QISS had better specificity (95.6%) than Native SPACE (87.0%), P = 0.0041. In comparison with QISS, Native SPACE proved less robust for imaging of the abdominal and pelvic segments.ConclusionNative SPACE and QISS were sensitive for hemodynamically significant stenosis in this pilot study. QISS NEMRA demonstrated superior specificity and image quality, and was more robust in the abdominal and pelvic regions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1531–1538. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effectiveness of manual circumlaryngeal therapy in future elite vocal performers
Authors: D'haeseleer Evelien , Claeys Sofie , Van Lierde Kristiane 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a single session of manual circumlaryngeal therapy on the vocal characteristics of future elite vocal performers (music students).Study DesignA pretest/post‐test control group design was used.MethodsSixteen music students were randomly divided in an experimental and control group. The experimental group received manual circumlaryngeal therapy for 20 minutes, whereas the control group was instructed to have complete vocal rest for 20 minutes. Immediately before and after the therapy or vocal rest, an identical objective voice assessment protocol (aerodynamic measurement, acoustic analysis, voice range profile, and Dysphonia Severity Index [DSI]) was performed. Vocal parameters were compared before and after manual circumlaryngeal therapy in the experimental group, and before and after vocal rest in the control group using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.ResultsIn the experimental group a significant difference in DSI was found between the measurement before and after manual circumlaryngeal therapy. The median DSI increased from 6.3 before to 7.2 after manual circumlaryngeal therapy. No differences in DSI were found in the control group between the two measurements.ConclusionsThe results of this pilot study prudently suggest that manual circumlaryngeal therapy can also improve vocal capacities in the healthy trained voices of future elite vocal performers.Level of Evidence1b Laryngoscope, 123:1937–1941, 2013
Finite strain fracture of plates and shells with configurational forces and edge rotations
Authors: Areias P. , Rabczuk T. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYWe propose a simple and efficient algorithm for FEM‐based computational fracture of plates and shells with both brittle and ductile materials on the basis of edge rotation and load control. Rotation axes are the crack front nodes, and each crack front edge in surface discretizations affects the position of only one or two nodes. Modified positions of the entities maximize the modified mesh quality complying with the predicted crack path (which depends on the specific propagation theory in use). Compared with extended FEM or with classical tip remeshing, the proposed solution has algorithmic and generality advantages. The propagation algorithm is simpler than the aforementioned alternatives, and the approach is independent of the underlying element used for discretization. For history‐dependent materials, there are still some transfer of relevant quantities between elements. However, diffusion of results is more limited than with tip or full remeshing. To illustrate the advantages of our approach, three prototype models are used: tip energy dissipation linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), cohesive‐zone approaches, and ductile fracture. Both the Sutton crack path criterion and the path estimated by the Eshelby tensor are employed. Traditional fracture benchmarks, including one with plastic hinges, and newly proposed verification tests are solved. These were found to be very good in terms of crack path and load ∕ deflection accuracy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of block copolymers by transformation reactions in polymerisation systems
Authors: Abadie Marc J. M. , Ourahmoune Daouya 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe present an overview on general methods allowing synthesis of block copolymers. Different transformations have been examined: anion to free radical, anion to cation and reverse, cation to free radical and reverse, anion to Ziegler‐Natta transformation, and coupling reactions of anion and cation.This approach greatly extends the range of possible monomer combinations in block copolymers.
Disclinations an Langmuir—Blodgett films
Authors: Peterson Ian Robert 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe Langmuir‐Blodgett (LB) technique is a method for depositing ultra‐thin organic films on a solid substrate. It has aroused considerable technological interest, and has been proposed for a wide range of applications. Most of these require homogeneous films with mechanical integrity. This paper demonstrates that a significant cause of pinholes and inhomogeneity is the existence in some LB films of a type of geometrical defect called the disclination. However they are not intrinsic to the films, and procedures exist for improving film characteristics.
Solution properties of polyelectrolytes. II. Comparison of the effects of both polyion and eluent salt concentrations on the calibrations in aqueous exclusion chromatography
Authors: Abad Concepción , Braco Lorenzo , Soria Vicente , García Rosa , Campos Agustín 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe elution behaviour of charged water‐soluble polymers (sodium polystyrene sulphonate) in both salt‐free and NaCl‐containing aqueous mobile phases has been investigated by size‐exclusion chromatography. A comparative analysis has been established between the results as a function of polyion and salt concentrations, which demonstrates that the chromatographic behaviour is similar in both cases. The variation of the slopes of the different concentration‐dependent calibration curves is discussed in terms of polyelectrolyte conformational changes. Finally, a semi‐empirical model has been developed to predict the dependence of the elution volume in either polyion or salt concentration, and its validity has been checked in a range from very dilute to moderate concentrations.
Molecular characterisation of oxymethylene‐linked poly(oxyethylene)
Authors: Craven John R. , Nicholas Christian V. , Webster Robert , Wilson David J. , Mobbs Richard H. , Morris Gareth A. , Heatley Frank , Booth Colin , Giles Jeremy R. M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTetraethylene glycol (TEG) or polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG200) was reacted with CH2Br2 in a modified Williamson synthesis to form oxymethylene‐linked chains. Analytical and preparative gel permeation chromatography plus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to show that the product of reaction consisted of rings with degree of condensation n = 1−15 or more (i.e. 14 to 210 or more atoms in the rings formed from TEG) and chains with molecular weights up to 106 and a wide molecular weight distribution.
Langzeittragverhalten von in Verbundglas integrierten Lasteinleitungselementen
Authors: Denonville Jürgen , Puller Kerstin , Haase Walter , Sobek Werner 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIm Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts am Institut für Leichtbau Entwerfen und Konstruieren (ILEK) erfolgte die Untersuchung einer vielversprechenden Verbindungstechnologie im Glasbau, bei welcher metallische Elemente teilweise in die polymere Zwischenschicht (SentryGlas) eingebettet und zum Lastabtrag herangezogen werden. Neben Untersuchungen zum Tragverhalten unter kurzzeitiger Lasteinwirkung und deren numerischer Simulation, ist das Langzeitverhalten dieser Verbindung für eine umfassende Beschreibung des Tragverhaltens von besonderem Interesse. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die am ILEK durchgeführten Untersuchungen zum Tragverhalten der Verbindung unter Langzeitbeanspruchungen und gibt die Ergebnisse dieser Versuche wieder.Long‐term Behaviour of Metal Inserts Partially Embedded in Laminated Glass. In the context of a research project at the Institute for Lightweight Structures and Conceptual design (ILEK) at the University of Stuttgart an innovative connection technique for structural glazing was investigated. The connection technique consists of a metal insert partially embedded in the interlayer (Sentry Glas), such that the interlayer acts as the adhesive for the structural connection. Besides investigations of the short‐term load‐bearing behaviour and the corresponding numerical simulation, the load‐bearing behaviour under long‐term loading is very important for a comprehensive characterization of this connection method. This paper describes the investigations that were conducted with respect to the long‐term behaviour and presents the experimental results.
Das Enzo Ferrari Museum ‐ eine Fusion zweier Designwelten
Authors: Blandini Lucio , Schmidt Timo , Winterstetter Thomas , Sobek Werner 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDirekt gegenüber dem historischen Geburtshaus von Enzo Ferrari in Modena befindet sich das neue Museum für die Marken Ferrari und Maserati. Das äußere Erscheinungsbild dieses Gebäudes wird von einer geschwungenen Glasfassade und einer doppelt gekrümmten, stark an eine Fahrzeugkarosserie erinnernden Aluminiumhülle geprägt. Die Glasfassade ist bis zu 11 m hoch und wird von Edelstahlseilen getragen; maßgeschneiderte Sonnenschutzelemente und eine hochwertige Isolierverglasung optimieren den Energieeintrag bei gleichzeitig hoher Transparenz. Die metallische Außenhülle des Gebäudes ist aus Aluminiumelementen gefertigt, die im typischen Ferrari‐Gelb eingefärbt sind; das Fertigungssystem für diese Metallkonstruktion wurde dem Schiffsbau entlehnt. Dadurch konnte eine fugelose Hülle von extremer geometrischer Komplexität realisiert werden, deren Formensprache bewusst Assoziationen mit dem Automobildesign hervorruft.Engineering the Skin of the “Casa Enzo Ferrari” Museum in Modena. The exhibition gallery of the Enzo Ferrari Museum in Modena has been designed by Future Systems London, referring to iconic free form elements of the sport car design. The gallery façade is composed of a curved glass envelope facing Enzo Ferrari’s birth house as well as of a free‐form yellow aluminum roof. This paper focuses on the customized solutions developed to engineer both the glass and the aluminum façade.
Wandartige Monoglasstützen unter axialen Drucklasten und Biegung
Authors: Langosch Katharina , Feldmann Markus , Hoffmeister Benno 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDas Stabilitätsverhalten monolithischer Glasstützen bei reiner Drucklast ist mittlerweile weitgehend geklärt. Das Augenmerk richtet sich nun auf Stabilitätsfälle mit kombinierter Belastung. Hierzu zählt u.a. die gleichzeitige Einwirkung aus axialen Drucklasten und horizontalen Querlasten. Einen Anwendungsfall stellen wandartige Glasstützen im Fassadenbereich dar. Die analytische Bemessung solcher stabilitätsgefährdeter Glasbauteile unter kombinierter Beanspruchung wird im vorliegenden Aufsatz vorgestellt, was sich vorerst auf monolithische Querschnitte beschränkt. Die Verifizierung der analytischen Gleichungen erfolgt durch Experimente und Numerik. Eine Übertragung dieser Ergebnisse auf Verbundglasscheiben folgt in Kürze.Monolithic glass columns under axial compressive load and bending. The question of the stability behavior of monolithic glass columns with pure normal force has been already treated in particular in the form of analytical buckling curves according to the European format. The focus has now turned to combined stability cases. These include inter alia the simultaneous action of axial compressive loads and horizontal shear loads. An application represents pane‐like glass columns in the façade. For the design such a lack of stability glass components under combined loads of vertical compressive loads and horizontal shear loads in this article analytical buckling curves are presented which so far are limited to monolithic glass. The analytical equations are verified by experimental and numerical investigations. The transfer of these results to glass columns with laminated cross sections is coming soon.