bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐Prescribing of Potentially Interacting Drugs during Warfarin Therapy – A Population‐Based Register Study
Authors: Rikala Maria , Hauta‐Aho Milka , Helin‐Salmivaara Arja , Lassila Riitta , Korhonen Maarit Jaana , Huupponen Risto 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe analysed the occurrence of co‐prescribing of potentially interacting drugs during warfarin therapy in the community‐dwelling population of Finland. We identified drugs having interaction potential with warfarin using the Swedish Finnish INteraction X‐referencing drug–drug interaction database (SFINX) and obtained data on drug purchases from the nationwide Prescription Register. We defined warfarin users as persons purchasing warfarin in 2010 (n = 148,536) and followed them from their first prescription in 2010 until the end of the calendar year. Co‐prescribing was defined as at least 1‐day overlap between warfarin and interacting drug episodes. In addition, we identified persons who initiated warfarin therapy between 1 January 2007 and 30 September 2010 (n = 110,299) and followed these incident users for a 3‐month period since warfarin initiation. Overall, 74.4% of warfarin users were co‐prescribed interacting drugs. Co‐prescribing covered 46.4% of the total person‐years of warfarin exposure. Interacting drugs that should be avoided with warfarin were co‐prescribed for 13.4% of warfarin users. The majority of the co‐prescriptions were for drugs that are not contraindicated during warfarin therapy but require special consideration. Among incident users, 57.1% purchased potentially interacting drugs during the 3‐month period after initiation, while 9.0% purchased interacting drugs that should be avoided with warfarin. To conclude, the occurrence of co‐prescribing of potentially interacting drugs was high during warfarin therapy. Our findings highlight the importance of close monitoring of warfarin therapy and the need for further studies on the clinical consequences of co‐prescribing of interacting drugs with warfarin.
Primary Melanocytic Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a Review with Focus on Molecular Aspects
Authors: Küsters‐Vandevelde Heidi V.N. , Küsters Benno , van Engen‐van Grunsven Adriana C.H. , Groenen Patricia J.T.A. , Wesseling Pieter , Blokx Willeke A.M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPrimary melanocytic tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) represent a spectrum of rare tumors. They can be benign or malignant and occur in adults as well as in children, the latter often in the context of neurocutaneous melanosis. Until recently, the genetic alterations in these tumors were largely unknown. This is in contrast with cutaneous and uveal melanomas, which are known to harbor distinct oncogenic mutations that can be used as targets for treatment with small‐molecule inhibitors in the advanced setting. Recently, novel insights in the molecular alterations underlying primary melanocytic tumors of the CNS were obtained, including different oncogenic mutations in tumors in adult patients (especially GNAQ, GNA11) vs. children (especially NRAS). In this review, the focus is on molecular characteristics of primary melanocytic tumors of the CNS. We summarize what is known about their genetic alterations and discuss implications for pathogenesis and differential diagnosis with other pigmented tumors in or around the CNS. Finally, new therapeutic options with targeted therapy are discussed.
Plasma levels of mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases MASP-1 and MASP-2 are elevated in type 1 diabetes and correlate with glycaemic control
Authors: Jenny L , Ajjan R , King R , Thiel S , Schroeder V 
Published: December 2014

Summary
There is increasing evidence that the complement system plays an important role in diabetes and the development of diabetic vascular complications. In particular, mannan-binding lectin (MBL) levels are elevated in diabetes patients, and diabetes patients with diabetic nephropathy have higher MBL levels than diabetes patients with normal renal function. The MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) MASP-1, MASP-2 and MASP-3 and MBL-associated protein MAp44 have not yet been studied in diabetes patients. We therefore measured plasma levels of MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3 and MAp44 in 30 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and 17 matched control subjects, and in 45 adults with T1DM and 31 matched control subjects. MASP-1 and MASP-2 levels were significantly higher in children and adults with T1DM than in their respective control groups, whereas MASP-3 and MAp44 levels did not differ between patients and controls. MASP-1 and MASP-2 levels correlated with HbA1c, and MASP levels decreased when glycaemic control improved. Because MASP-1 and MASP-2 have been shown to interact directly with blood coagulation, elevated levels of these proteins may play a role in the enhanced thrombotic environment and consequent vascular complications in diabetes.
Transalveolar sinus floor elevation using osteotomes without grafting in severely atrophic maxilla: a 5‐year prospective study
Authors: Gu Ying‐Xin , Shi Jun‐Yu , Zhuang Long‐Fei , Qian Shu‐Jiao , Mo Jia‐Ji , Lai Hong‐Chang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the clinical success of dental implants placed in severely atrophic maxilla (residual bone height ≤4 mm) using transalveolar sinus floor elevation (TSFE) without grafting. Furthermore, the implant stability during the healing period was also evaluated.Materials and methodsTwenty five generally healthy patients with 37 Straumann® Standard Plus SLA implants were included in the study. After a modified Summers TSFE without grafting was performed, the smooth collar was embedded 0.5–1 mm beneath the cortical bone level. Follow‐ups were conducted at 12, 36, and 60 months after crown placement. Implant survival rate, resonance frequency analysis (RFA), and clinical and radiographic parameters were evaluated.ResultsAt 5‐year follow‐up, 35 implants fulfilled the survival criteria, representing a 5‐year cumulative survival rate of 94.6% at implant level and 92% at subject level. The mean value of implant stability quotient (ISQ) ranged from 67.8 to 72.8, and the lowest values were reached at 4 weeks. No significant difference was found with the passage of time in modified plaque index (P = 0.92), pocket probing depth (P = 0.34), and modified bleeding index (P = 0.4). The average residual bone height was 2.81 mm (SD: 0.74 mm) in this study. The average crestal bone loss (CBL) significantly increased from 0.83 mm at 1‐year examination to 1.47 mm at 3‐year examination (P < 0.001). The average CBL remained stable at years 3 and 5 (1.47 vs. 1.54 mm, P = 0.083).ConclusionAccording to the current evidence, it is feasible to place cylindrical implants in severely atrophic maxilla. High survival rate could be achieved following TSFE without grafting at least within 5‐year follow‐up.
The impact of short duration, high intensity exercise on cardiac troponin release
Authors: George Keith P , Grant Marie Clare , Davies Bruce , Baker Julien S. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe aim of this study was to assess the appearance of cardiac troponins (cTnI and/or cTnT) after a short bout (30 s) of ‘all‐out’ intense exercise and to determine the stability of any exercise‐related cTnI release in response to repeated bouts of high intensity exercise separated by 7 days recovery. Eighteen apparently healthy, physically active, male university students completed two all‐out 30 s cycle sprint, separated by 7 days. cTnI, blood lactate and catecholamine concentrations were measured before, immediately after and 24 h after each bout. Cycle performance, heart rate and blood pressure responses to exercise were also recorded. Cycle performance was modestly elevated in the second trial [6·5% increase in peak power output (PPO)]; there was no difference in the cardiovascular, lactate or catecholamine response to the two cycle trials. cTnI was not significantly elevated from baseline through recovery (Trial 1: 0·06 ± 0·04 ng ml−1, 0·05 ± 0·04 ng ml−1, 0·03 ± 0·02 ng ml−1; Trial 2: 0·02 ± 0·04 ng ml−1, 0·04 ± 0·03 ng ml−1, 0·05 ± 0·06 ng ml−1) in either trial. Very small within subject changes were not significantly correlated between the two trials (r = 0·06; P>0·05). Subsequently, short duration, high intensity exercise does not elicit a clinically relevant response in cTnI and any small alterations likely reflect the underlying biological variability of cTnI measurement within the participants.
The number of FoxP3+ cells in transbronchial lung allograft biopsies does not predict bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome within the first five years after transplantation
Authors: Krustrup Dorrit , Iversen Martin , Martinussen Torben , Schultz Hans Henrik L. , Andersen Claus B. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundAn important limitation to the success of lung transplantation is the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). It has been hypothesized that regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) are related to the risk of BOS. We aim to evaluate whether the number of forkhead box P3 (FoxP3+) cells/mm2in lung allograft biopsies is a predictor of long‐term outcome.Materials and MethodsA total of 58 consecutive lung transplant patients were included in the study. For 233 routine surveillance biopsy samples, the numbers of FoxP3+ cells/mm2were assessed by immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against FoxP3. BOS scores were calculated for the first five yr after transplantation.ResultsWe determined that acute rejection was related to the time elapsed from transplantation to BOS with hazard ratios of 3.18 (p = 0.02) and 3.73 (p = 0.04) when comparing the levels of acute rejection grade 1 and grade 2/3, respectively, to no rejection. According to a Cox regression analysis, the number of FoxP3+ cells/mm2was not predictive of time to BOS.Discussion and ConclusionsOur data indicate that the number of FoxP3+ cells in the lung allograft did not correlate with BOS‐free survival time. Previous studies have been contradictory and included different time points. Our findings emphasize the importance of including a time factor.
Neurocysticercosis: A natural human model of epileptogenesis
Authors: Nash Theodore E. , Mahanty Siddhartha , Loeb Jeffrey A. , Theodore William H. , Friedman Alon , Sander Josemir W. , Singh Gagandeep , Cavalheiro Esper , Del Brutto Oscar H. , Takayanagui Osvaldo M. , Fleury Agnes , Verastegui Manuela , Preux Pierre‐Marie , Montano Silvia , Pretell E. Javier , White A. Clinton , Gonzales Armando E. , Gilman Robert H. , Garcia Hector H. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryObjectiveTo develop a better understanding of mechanisms of seizures and long‐term epileptogenesis using neurocysticercosis.MethodsA workshop was held bringing together experts in epilepsy and epileptogenesis and neurocysticercosis.ResultsHuman neurocysticercosis and parallel animal models offer a unique opportunity to understand basic mechanisms of seizures. Inflammatory responses to degenerating forms and later‐stage calcified parasite granulomas are associated with seizures and epilepsy. Other mechanisms may also be involved in epileptogenesis.SignificanceNaturally occurring brain infections with neurocysticercosis offer a unique opportunity to develop treatments for one of the world's most common causes of epilepsy and for the development of more general antiepileptogenic treatments. Key advantages stem from the time course in which an acute seizure heralds a start of the epileptogenic process, and radiographic changes of calcification and perilesional edema provide biomarkers of a chronic epileptic state.
The frequencies of haplotypes defined by three polymorphisms of the IL‐31 gene: −1066, −2057, and IVS2+12 in Polish patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Sokołowska‐Wojdyło Małgorzata , Gleń Jolanta , Zabłotna Monika , Rębała Krzysztof , Trzeciak Magdalena , Sikorska Monika , Ruckemann‐Dziurdzińska Katarzyna , Nedoszytko Boguslaw , Florek Aleksandra , Nowicki Roman 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundSevere pruritus is one of the cardinal symptoms of atopic dermatitis (AD). Recently, the interleukin (IL)‐31 cytokine has been implicated in the induction and maintenance of severe pruritus and chronic skin inflammation in several pruritic skin diseases, including AD.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association of the IL‐31 gene haplotypes with pruritus and severity of AD, as well as their correlation to the serum IL‐31 levels.MethodsA total of 127 patients with AD and 96 healthy controls were analyzed for polymorphic variants of the IL‐31 gene using an amplification refractory mutation system–polymerase chain reaction method. IL‐31 haplotype frequencies were estimated with the use of tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms, expectation‐maximization, and Excoffier–Laval–Balding algorithms. Serum IL‐31 levels were measured using a standard enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit.ResultsThe frequency of AAG, AGA, AGG, and GAA haplotypes of the IL‐31 gene was higher in patients with AD than in controls. The mean IL‐31 levels in serum were lower in controls than in the patients (P < 0.00001) and were higher in those with severe vs. mild AD (P = 0.008). No correlation was found between IL‐31 and the severity of pruritus. The haplotype AAA was associated with a high IL‐31 serum level (P = 0.008) and with severe AD (high SCORing Atopic Dermatitis index) (P = 0.013). The haplotype GAA was associated with a severe form of pruritus (P = 0.016) and the haplotype GGG with the mild one (P = 0.07).ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that the severity of AD in a Polish population is associated with some specific haplotypes of the IL‐31 gene, which can indicate their prognostic role also renews the questions concerning the role of IL‐31 in pruritus in AD.
Assessment of the Healthy Eating Index‐2005 as a predictor of early childhood caries
Authors: Zaki Nadine A. A. , Dowidar Karin M. L. , Abdelaziz Wafaa E. E. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundEarly childhood caries (ECC) is a multifactorial disease resulting mainly from a time‐specific interaction of micro‐organisms with sugars on a tooth surface.AimThe purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of dietary intake, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index‐2005 (HEI‐2005) to ECC.DesignCross‐sectional analytical study.MethodsSixty preschool children were equally divided into three groups according to their caries experience [Group 1: caries‐free children, group 2: children with ECC, group 3: children with severe early childhood caries (S‐ECC)]. The decayed (non‐cavitated or cavitated), missing (due to caries) and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) score was determined through visual dental examination for each child. Questionnaires were collected recording the demographic characteristics of the families as well as 24‐h food recall forms capturing the dietary intake of the children during the previous day. Accordingly, the HEI‐2005 score was calculated for each child.ResultsThe caries experience of the children in this study was significantly associated with their age. Caries‐free children showed significantly higher ‘Whole fruit’, ‘Milk’, ‘Sodium’ and total HEI‐2005 scores.ConclusionsThe study findings illustrate the prominent protective role played by healthful dietary practices against dental caries in preschool children.
‘Equality of Intelligences’: Exploring the Barriers to Engagement in Modern and Contemporary Art through a Peer‐to‐Peer Workshop at Tate Modern
Authors: Sayers Esther 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe data presented in this article explores the effect on pedagogy when inclusion initiatives are bound up with learning objectives. It explores the generation of critical thinking skills in learning programmes at Tate Modern. Effective art education empowers young people to take a critical stance and in gallery education a decision has to be made: are programmes for young people about encouraging them to think about art or inviting them to think? I explore the position and status given to artworks and to young people's interpretations of those works through data gathered during a peer‐led workshop. I illustrate the ways in which new critical voices are able to emerge and contrast them with potential pedagogic pitfalls in which such approaches become exclusive and ultimately work against their emancipatory aims. People who work in galleries and museums are ‘cultivated individuals’. They can easily take for granted their judgements about art and consider them to be ‘natural’. Because of this a disconnection can occur between people who are not acculturated and those who are. The purpose of this study is to shed light on cultural exclusion by exploring dialogue about art produced during a peer‐led workshop.
Artist Teachers Exchange: Reflections on a Collaborative Sketchbook Project for Secondary School Art Teachers
Authors: Brass Elinor , Coles Susan M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article is an account of a national project established to support secondary school art teachers to re‐engage with their own artistic practice. It draws extensively upon the experiences of the participants and examines the value of teachers making time for their own practical work, both personally and professionally. Beginning in January 2013, 29 teachers participated in a year‐long project as an offshoot of the NSEAD's TEA (Thinking Expression Action) drawing programme. In this project the sketchbook was the vehicle for exchange, with each participant working in two collaborative partnerships. Each month work was posted to a partner and in turn work was made in response and sent back in a creative dialogue. This way of working was established to promote time for creativity and significantly to create a group of artist teachers who could support and challenge each other through their monthly exchanges and by sharing their experiences on an on‐line platform. This article will highlight the impact of these creative collaborations on participants' classroom teaching and considers the benefits of these artist teachers being in the role of a learner, sharing insights and possibilities with their students. It will consider the impact on the learning that occurs in the classroom and argue for the value of prioritising time for making, thinking and sharing.
Electrophysiologic Findings and Long‐Term Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Third or More Catheter Ablation Procedures for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: LIN DAVID , SANTANGELI PASQUALE , ZADO ERICA S. , BALA RUPA , HUTCHINSON MATHEW D. , RILEY MICHAEL P. , FRANKEL DAVID S. , GARCIA FERMIN , DIXIT SANJAY , CALLANS DAVID J. , MARCHLINSKI FRANCIS E. 
Published: December 2014

Outcomes After Third or More Catheter Ablation for Atrial FibrillationIntroductionPulmonary vein (PV) status, arrhythmia sources, and outcomes with ≥3 ablation procedures have not been characterized.Methods and ResultsAll patients with ≥3 procedures were included and underwent antral reisolation of reconnected PVs and ablation of non‐PV triggers. Of 2,886 patients who underwent PVI, 181 (6%) had more than 2 ablation procedures (3 procedures in 146 and ≥4 procedures in 35). In 12 patients, the clinical arrhythmia was other than AF. Of the remaining 169 patients, 69 (41%) had 4 reconnected PVs, 27 (16%) had 3, 31 (18%) had 2, and 29 (17%) had 1. Only 13 (8%) had all PVs still isolated. Provocative techniques in 127 patients initiated PV triggers in 92 patients, including AF or PV atrial tachycardia in 64 (50%), and reproducible PV APDs in 28 (22%). Thirty‐six (20%) had a new non‐PV trigger targeted. At a mean of 36 months (12–119 months) after last procedure, 63 patients (47%) had no AF off antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD); 28 (21%) had no AF with AAD; and 18 (13%) had rare AF with good symptom control; 26 patients (19%) had recurrent AF.ConclusionsAt time of third or greater AF ablation, PV reconnection is the rule (92%) and PV triggers initiating AF can be demonstrated. Following repeat PVI and targeting non‐PV triggers, 81% of patients had clinical AF control. Our findings suggest that PV reisolation and attempts to identify and eliminate non‐PV triggers are effective and support the role of multiple repeat procedures for AF recurrence.
The Scale and Geography of Collusion in the European Market: A Longitudinal View
Authors: Buch‐Hansen Hubert , Levallois Clement 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEurope has a long history of cartels, but the changes in the scale and geography of collusion in the European market from the post‐war decades until the present have not been systematically investigated. Using network analysis methods and an original dataset based on decisions in EU cartel cases, this paper maps the developments in detected collusion in the European market from 1958 to 2008 and tentatively explains these developments. It appears that collusive activities increased during the 1960s and after the mid‐1980s and that a long decline in the scale of collusion began in the mid‐1990s. Moreover, the geographical spread of collusive activities in Europe increased considerably from 1969 to 1993. To facilitate an explanation of these and other findings, the paper presents a three‐dimensional analytical framework that emphasises the importance of anti‐cartel regulation, major changes in the business environment and the size of national economies.
Association of birthweight with diabetes and insulin sensitivity or secretion in the Japanese general population
Authors: Oya Junko , Nakagami Tomoko , Kurita Moritoshi , Yamamoto Yayoi , Hasegawa Yukiko , Tanaka Yuki , Endo Yasuhiro , Uchigata Yasuko 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAims/IntroductionLow birthweight (birthweight <2,500 g) has been considered to be a risk factor for diabetes in data from Western countries, and its percentage is increasing in Japan. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between birth weight and diabetes, as well as both insulin resistance and secretion.Materials and MethodsThe participants were 847 adults who underwent health check‐ups. The participants were divided by birthweight into four groups (low birthweight and tertiles 1–3 above it). We assessed the effect of birthweight on diabetes using a logistic regression model. Multivariable liner regression analyses were carried out to examine whether birthweight is independently associated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and β‐cell function.ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes tended to increase with decreasing birthweight. The adjusted odds ratio for diabetes with low birthweight was 3.52 (1.04–11.96) as compared with the reference category, tertile 2. Univariable linear regression analyses showed that homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was negatively associated with birthweight, and this association remained after adjusting for age, sex, current body mass index and family history of diabetes. There was no significant association between homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function and birthweight.ConclusionsLow birthweight was inversely associated with diabetes and insulin resistance in the Japanese general population. Longitudinal data analyses are required to examine the causal relationship between bodyweight and diabetes or insulin resistance in adulthood.