bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Class, Life Events and Poverty Risks in Comparative European Perspective
Authors: Vandecasteele Leen 
Published: July 2015

Abstract:In this article I examine the role of social class for poverty transitions. Social class has traditionally been an important predictor of social inequalities, but it is sometimes argued that it has lost its relevance for explaining precariousness and economic risk in contemporary societies. This paper reviews the debate regarding the relevance of social class, the literature on life course dynamics as well as the tensions and links between the social stratification framework and the dynamic perspective on economic risk. In the empirical partI assess the importance of life events as predictors of poverty in combination with social stratification variables. The results show that the risk of experiencing poverty triggering life events is not equally spread across populations, but rather varies across welfare states and linked to social class, gender and education level. Secondly, random effects discrete-time hazard models in thirteen European countries show the relative importance of life course events and social stratification determinants as predictors of poverty entry.
Investigation of androgen receptor gene mutations in a series of 21 patients with 46,XY disorders of sex development
Authors: Topcu Vehap , Ilgin-Ruhi Hatice , Siklar Zeynep , Karabulut Halil Gurhan , Berberoglu Merih , Hacihamdioglu Bulent , Savas-Erdeve Senay , Aycan Zehra , Peltek-Kendirci Havva Nur , Ocal Gonul , Tukun Fatma Ajlan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAndrogen receptor (We direct sequenced all eight exons of theWe detectedDespite the fact that T/DHT ratio is frequently used in diagnosis of AIS, lack of precisely determined cutoffs compromises correct diagnosis. Hence, depending on clinical and biochemical findings solely may delay correct diagnosis. Direct sequence analysis of the
The effect of intraoperative administration of dexamethasone for PONV prophylaxis on perioperative blood glucose level in obese and normal weight children
Authors: Gnatzy Richard , Hempel Gunther , Kaisers Udo X. , Höhne Claudia 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) can be reduced by dexamethasone. Single-dose administration may cause elevated blood glucose levels in obese adults. No data are available for children.The aim was to evaluate perioperative blood glucose changes related to body weight in children who received dexamethasone.This prospective observational study included 62 children. All patients received total intravenous anesthesia and a single dose of dexamethasone (0.15 mg/kg, maximum 8 mg). Blood glucose levels were measured up to 6 h. Standard deviation scores (SDS) were calculated using age- and gender-specific body mass index (BMI) percentiles, p<0.05.A total of 62 children (11.5±2.9 years, median SDS 0.43, 29% overweight/obese) were included. Blood glucose levels increased from 5.52±0.52 to 6.74±0.84 mmol/L 6 h after dexamethasone without correlation to the BMI-SDS.This study showed an increase of perioperative blood glucose (normoglycemic ranges) after single dose of dexamethasone, but no BMI-dependent effect was observed in children. Therefore, low-dose dexamethasone may be used in obese children for PONV prophylaxis.
Anaphylaxis to gonadorelin acetate in a girl with central precocious puberty
Authors: Akın Onur , Yavuz Süleyman Tolga , Hacıhamdioğlu Bülent , Sarı Erkan , Gürsel Orhan , Yeşilkaya Ediz 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues are generally regarded as safe drugs. Gonadorelin acetate has been widely used for the diagnosis of central precocious puberty, and life-threatening reactions to gonadorelin acetate are extremely rare. Herein, we described – to the best of our knowledge – the first pediatric case in which severe anaphylaxis was encountered after intravenous gonadorelin acetate administration. An 8-year-old girl who was diagnosed with central precocious puberty was receiving triptorelin acetate treatment uneventfully for 6 months. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment, an LH-RH stimulation test with gonadorelin acetate was planned. Within 3 min after intravenous administration of gonadorelin acetate, she lost consciousness and tonic seizures began in her hands and feet. She was immediately treated with epinephrine, diphenhydramine, and fluids. Her vital signs recovered within 30 min. Based on the results, anaphylaxis should be anticipated and the administration of these drugs should be performed in a setting that is equipped to deal with systemic reactions.
Systematik der korrekten Laborabrechnung – rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen: Ergänzung und Aktualisierung zum Artikel in J Lab Med 2014;38(4):179–205
Authors: Wohlfart Cornelia , Rathenberg Jan 
Published: July 2015

Zusammenfassung
In unserem Übersichtsartikel „Systematik der korrekten Laborabrechnung – rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen“ (Rathenberg/Ivandic/Wohlfart, J Lab Med 2014;38(4):179–205) stellten wir die für die Abrechnung ärztlicher Laboruntersuchungen relevanten Aspekte zusammenfassend dar. Der dort geschaffene Überblick über die geltenden Abrechnungsregeln wird in diesem Artikel ergänzt und, wo aufgrund neuer rechtlicher Entwicklungen erforderlich, aktualisiert. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den Themenkomplexen der ambulanten spezialfachärztlichen Versorgung (im Folgenden „ASV“ genannt) und der Abrechnung von Laborleistungen bei Selektivverträgen sowie Leistungskomplexen. Aber auch die Arbeitsmedizin sowie die Abrechnung im Zusammenhang mit Krankenhaus-Notfallambulanzen sind Gegenstand dieses Artikels. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es auch hier wieder, dem Leser eine Systematik an die Hand zu geben, die die praktische Umsetzung der rechtlichen Vorgaben im Rahmen der Laborabrechnung unterstützen soll.
Ecotourism as a Means of Conservation of the Landscape of Rodrigues Island
Authors: Jauze Jean-Michel 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The Indian Ocean island of Rodrigues provides an interesting landscape case study. It offers a characteristic example of a small island territory whose natural and environmental resources have been overexploited by human activity and whose inhabitants are now clinging to the remains of its symbolic heritage in an attempt to implement conservation and sustainable reconstruction. From this perspective, rurality, with its attendant agricultural practices, its traditional gardens and its natural or humanized landscapes, has become an essential asset; one which the island is trying to promote by means of a tourist strategy based on the enhancement of economic and identity-focused parameters.
Tourist Neo-colonialism as an Indication of the Future of Islands. The Example of Borobodur (Central Java)
Authors: Cywiński Paweł 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present the process of appropriation of public space by the tourism industry in island states with the example of the temple of Borobudur, addressing the question of the changing trends of the temple’s basic functions, from sacred to tourist functions, and the effects of the presented changes on the traditional users of the temple. The Borobudur temple complex has been (symbolically and practically) transferred from the hands of Buddhists into the hands of tourists. The Javanese cultural heritage has been commoditized in a systematic way and lacks religious functions. This is one example of how tourism increasingly appropriates spaces and redefines the meaning of cultural objects. Structural inhibitions to the Borobudur temple being used for traditional religious purposes can be considered an example of tourist neo-colonialism (both from the perspective of postcolonial theory and in light of previous research on the subject).
Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide composite with Fe3O4
Authors: Chuanyu Sun , Yu Wang 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In the paper, a magnetic composite of graphene oxide (MGO) has been successfully synthesized through decomposition of iron (III) acetylacetonate in the mixture solution of triethylene glycol and graphene oxide (GO). Atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and superconducting quantum interference device were used to characterize the material. The results show that the magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified graphene oxide composite with superparamagnetic properties, and magnetization saturation of 16.4 emu/g has been obtained. The MGO has a good sustained-release performance, and in vitro cytotoxicity confirming its secure use as a potential drug carrier.
Chitosan bionanocomposites prepared in the self-organized regime
Authors: Postnova Irina , Sarin Sergei , Silant’ev Vladimir , Ha Chang-Sik , Shchipunov Yury 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Bionanocomposites in the self-organized regime are prepared when chitosan is gradually charged in the course of progressive change of pH by hydrolyzing D-glucono-δ-lactone in solutions of nanoparticles bearing negative charges on their surface. This novel approach is applicable to the formation of monolithic hydrogels and films. Here bionanocomposites of chitosan with clay nanoparticles of saponite and sepiolite having various geometry and with oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes are considered. Structural organization of hydrogels and films is studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as small angle X-ray scattering. Jellification is caused by generation of three-dimensional network from fibrils, whereas films have pronounced stratified layer (nacre-like) structure from stacked nanoparticles and aligned chitosan macromolecules. Special attention is paid to mechanical properties of films that are improved drastically with introducing nanoparticles.
Ocena równowagi kobiet po 60 roku życia/ Assessment of Balance women over 60 years of age
Authors: Wyszyńska Justyna , Drzał-Grabiec Justyna , Podgórska-Bednarz Justyna , Pop Teresa , Snela Sławomir 
Published: July 2015

StreszczenieWstęp: Prawidłowa rownowaga jest funkcją warunkującą właściwie wykonywanie czynności z zakresu dnia codziennego. Związane z wiekiem osłabienie reakcji sensorycznych i ruchowych, może spowodować niestabilność postawy oraz zwiększone ryzyko upadkow.Celem pracy jest określenie rożnic w wartościach parametrow charakteryzujących rownowagę kobiet po 60 roku życia.Materiał i metody: Do badań przystąpiło łącznie 180 kobiet: 98 kobiet w wieku od 60 do 92 lat (x= 71 lat) oraz 82 kobiety w wieku od 21 do 26 lat (x= 22 lata). Przy użyciu platformy stabilometrycznej, oceniono rownowagę pozycji stojącej w probie z oczami otwartymi oraz zamkniętymi. Oceniono 6 rożnych parametrow ruchu środka nacisku stop (COP).Wyniki: Analiza statystyczna wykazała istotne rożnice w większości badanych parametrow rownowagi kobiet po 60 roku życia w porownaniu do kobiet z grupy kontrolnej.Wnioski: 1) Wraz z wiekiem zachodzą istotne zmiany w procesie utrzymywania rownowagi powodujące rosnący deficyt stabilności ciała. 2) Kobiety po 60 roku życia wykazują gorszą stabilność postawy niż kobiety młodsze w zakresie każdego analizowanego parametru z wyjątkiem wychyleń w płaszczyźnie czołowej.
Osteoporoza w mukowiscydozie/ Osteoporosis in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Kołodziej Magdalena , Wiśniowska Agnieszka 
Published: July 2015

Streszczenie
Mukowiscydoza jest chorobą uwarunkowaną genetycznie spowodowaną nieprawidłowym działaniem transbłonowego regulatora mukowiscydozy. Choroba ta manifestuje się przede wszystkim w układzie oddechowym oraz pokarmowym. W przebiegu mukowiscydozy obserwuje się także zmiany w układzie kostno- stawowym, takie jak występowanie obniżonej gęstości kości, a w konsekwencji osteopenii i osteoporozy. Najczęściej wykorzystywanym badaniem diagnostycznym osteoporozy jest densytometria wykonywana średnio co 2 do 5 lat. Inne badania to oznaczenie poziomu witamin D i K, wapnia oraz markerow obrotu kostnego. W leczeniu osteoporozy wykorzystuje się farmakoterapię i fizjoterapię. Leczenie farmakologiczne to przede wszystkim suplementacja witaminami D i K oraz wapniem jak rownież stosowanie bifosfonianow, parathormonu lub terapia hormonem wzrostu. Farmakoterapia osteoporozy jest trudna ze względu na wzajemną interakcję lekow oraz niekorzystny wpływ niektorych lekow stosowanych w leczeniu mukowiscydozy np. steroidow na gęstość kości. Stosując leczenie farmakologiczne nie możemy zaniedbywać istotnego terapeutycznego działania jakim jest fizjoterapia. Terapia drog oddechowych, ćwiczenia ogolnousprawniające i zwiększona aktywność fizyczna w codziennym życiu są zasadniczymi elementami kompleksowego postępowania leczniczego. Wpływają na długotrwałą poprawę wynikow leczenia oraz na wydłużenie i jakość życia pacjentow. Konsekwencje mukowiscydozy, takie jak bole mięśniowo-szkieletowe, wady postawy czy cukrzyca wymagają wdrożenia odpowiedniej strategii postępowania fizjoterapeutycznego.
Zmienność wyników sportowych w pływaniu mężczyzn z niepełnosprawnością narządu ruchu na Igrzyskach Paraolimpijskich w latach 2000 – 2012/ Variability of sports results in men’s with locomotor disabilities swimming during the Paralympic Games in the years 2000 – 2012
Authors: Bednarczuk Grzegorz , Rutkowska Izabela , Skowroński Waldemar 
Published: July 2015

Streszczenie
Wstęp: Pływanie jest jedną z najpopularniejszych dyscyplin sportu uprawianych przez osoby niepełnosprawne, o czym może świadczyć wzrastająca liczba uczestnikow podczas kolejnych Igrzysk Paraolimpijskich (IP). Jednym ze sposobow oceny poziomu sportowego w danej dyscyplinie jest analiza wynikow z zawodow najwyższej rangi. Stąd celem pracy było porownanie wynikow sportowych, uzyskanych przez mężczyzn z niepełnosprawnością narządu ruchu w pływaniu w danej klasie startowej (1-10) na IP w latach 2000-2012.
Materiał i metody: Analizie poddano wyniki uzyskane przez mężczyzn z niepełnosprawnością narządu ruchu w pływaniu wszystkimi stylami, na wszystkich dystansach rozgrywanych podczas IP w latach 2000-2012. Do oceny istotności rożnic pomiędzy wynikami uzyskanymi przez zawodnikow wykorzystano test U Manna Whitney’a. Przyjęto poziom istotności p<0,05.
Wyniki: Zaobserwowano istotne statystycznie rożnice w poziomie (wzrost) uzyskiwanych wynikow we wszystkich klasach startowych w każdym ze stylow na rozgrywanych dystansach podczas kolejnych IP. Na przestrzeni 8 i 12 lat niemal wszystkie rożnice były istotne statystycznie. Taki kierunek zmian był najbardziej widoczny w przypadku zawodnikow z wyższych klas startowych (6-10).
Wnioski: Na podstawie analizy rezultatow pracy zaobserwowano wzrost poziomu wynikow uzyskiwanych przez mężczyzn z niepełnosprawnością narządu ruchu w pływaniu. Może to świadczyć o dużym zainteresowaniu tą formą ruchu wśrod osob niepełnosprawnych, szczegolnie z mniejszym deficytem funkcjonalnym. Powinno się zwrocić uwagę na zwiększenie udziału w rywalizacji zawodnikow niskich klas startowych (1-5).
Determinants of Gratuity Size in the Czech Republic: Evidence from Four Inexpensive Restaurants in Brno
Authors: Kvasnička Michal , Szalaiová Monika 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the first study exploring what factors influence tipping in restaurants in the Czech Republic. It shows that the tipping norm evolved here into a form that has some features similar to the tipping norms known in the USA, Canada, and Israel, but there are also striking differences. As in the three countries, the gratuity increases with the bill size but the gratuity as percentage of the bill is much lower here. The bill size explains here a lower part of the gratuity variability too. Also, the service quality results in customers being more generous with their tips, and though the increase in gratuity seems to be small, it rises with a group size. Strikingly, the regular patrons tip significantly less in the Czech Republic and they stiff more often. This supports the hypothesis that the relationship between the customer frequency and the gratuity size is an artifact of a missing variable, and the regular patrons tip differently because they belong to a different social group than occasional customers. Also, the customers paying by card stiff more often here and the interaction between the amount on the bill and use of payment card is statistically insignificant. The group size lowers the percentage gratuity, which supports the diffusion of the responsibility hypothesis. There are differences between genders: Male customers leave bigger tips than female customers, and female waitresses earn more than their male colleagues. The time spent at the table, consumption of alcoholic beverage, and smoking do not change the gratuity size but it may be affected by the weather conditions. The customers tip less and stiff more often when they order a lunch special. They round the total expenditures, not the gratuities, which creates the magnitude effect.
Home Foreclosure and Child Protective Services Involvement
Authors: Berger Lawrence M. , Collins J. Michael , Font Sarah A. , Gjertson Leah , Slack Kristen S. , Smeeding Timothy 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE:
We estimated associations between experiencing a home foreclosure filing and experiencing a child protective services (CPS) investigation or substantiation.

METHODS:
We linked a large sample drawn from administrative data on foreclosure filings, CPS involvement, and participation in a host of other public programs for &gt;60 000 Wisconsin households over a 4-year period from 2008 to 2011. Our empirical analyses used piecewise exponential survival models to estimate the risk of CPS involvement (investigation or substantiation) as a function of a home foreclosure filing and a set of individual and household characteristics. We fitted these models with and without the inclusion of propensity score weights.

RESULTS:
Households that experienced a foreclosure filing had a much higher probability of CPS involvement. This was true in the year before the filing as well as the year after the foreclosure filing. However, these associations were generally largest in the period before or shortly afterward.

CONCLUSIONS:
Experiencing a foreclosure filing is associated with increased CPS involvement. However, it is not clear that this association is driven by the foreclosure filing action itself. Rather, increased risk of CPS involvement is apparent during the process of moving toward the filing as well as the year or so after the filing, both of which are likely characterized by limited economic resources as well as by financial and other stress.
Implementation of Postoperative Respiratory Care for Pediatric Orthopedic Patients
Authors: Shaughnessy Erin E. , White Cynthia , Shah Samir S. , Hubbell Brittany , Sucharew Heidi , Sawnani Hemant 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
At our institution, one-fifth of pediatric patients undergoing hip and spine surgery require prolonged oxygen supplementation, most likely due to postoperative atelectasis. Using quality improvement methodology, we aimed to implement an innovative postoperative respiratory care algorithm for hip and spine surgery patients, with a global aim of improving respiratory outcomes.

METHODS:
A multidisciplinary team developed a care algorithm that relied on an activated respiratory therapist (RT) and engagement of patients and families. The algorithm was implemented via multiple rapid tests of change. Process measures representing the beginning and end of the care algorithm were plotted on standard run charts. We evaluated the association of algorithm implementation with a primary outcome of prolonged (&gt;10 hours) oxygen supplementation via a quasi-experimental design using Fisher’s exact and t tests.

RESULTS:
The team successfully implemented the algorithm, with a reliability to process of 80%. Key interventions included education of RTs, a daily huddle, and implementation of automated orders. Among all hip and spine patients, algorithm implementation was associated with a small, non–statistically significant decrease in prolonged oxygen use (21% to 16%). Among patients with underlying chronic conditions, there was a significant decrease in prolonged oxygen use from 22% to 6% after algorithm implementation (P = .04).

CONCLUSIONS:
We implemented an innovative respiratory care algorithm in hip and spine surgery patients by empowering RTs and engaging families to participate in care. We found that this approach was associated with decreased prolonged oxygen use in patients with chronic underlying conditions.
Prevalence of Parental Misconceptions About Antibiotic Use
Authors: Vaz Louise Elaine , Kleinman Kenneth P. , Lakoma Matthew D. , Dutta-Linn M. Maya , Nahill Chelsea , Hellinger James , Finkelstein Jonathan A. 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND:
Differences in antibiotic knowledge and attitudes between parents of Medicaid-insured and commercially insured children have been previously reported. It is unknown whether understanding has improved and whether previously identified differences persist.

METHODS:
A total of 1500 Massachusetts parents with a child &lt;6 years old insured by a Medicaid managed care or commercial health plan were surveyed in spring 2013. We examined antibiotic-related knowledge and attitudes by using χ2 tests. Multivariable modeling was used to assess current sociodemographic predictors of knowledge and evaluate changes in predictors from a similar survey in 2000.

RESULTS:
Medicaid-insured parents in 2013 (n = 345) were younger, were less likely to be white, and had less education than those commercially insured (n = 353), P &lt; .01. Fewer Medicaid-insured parents answered questions correctly except for one related to bronchitis, for which there was no difference (15% Medicaid vs 16% commercial, P &lt; .66). More parents understood that green nasal discharge did not require antibiotics in 2013 compared with 2000, but this increase was smaller among Medicaid-insured (32% vs 22% P = .02) than commercially insured (49% vs 23%, P &lt; .01) parents. Medicaid-insured parents were more likely to request unnecessary antibiotics in 2013 (P &lt; .01). Multivariable models for predictors of knowledge or attitudes demonstrated complex relationships between insurance status and sociodemographic variables.

CONCLUSIONS:
Misconceptions about antibiotic use persist and continue to be more prevalent among parents of Medicaid-insured children. Improvement in understanding has been more pronounced in more advantaged populations. Tailored efforts for socioeconomically disadvantaged populations remain warranted to decrease parental drivers of unnecessary antibiotic prescribing.
Quão liberal é a teoria das relações internacionais de Rawls?
Authors: Loewe Daniel 
Published: July 2015

De acordo com este artigo, a extensão realizada por Rawls de sua concepção de justiça doméstica ao contexto das relações internacionais contradiz as premissas básicas de sua própria teoria da justiça. Uma extensão da teoria doméstica consistente com suas próprias premissas deveria levar a considerar uma classe maior de demandas, tais como os direitos humanos, e a aceitar algum princípio de distribuição global.
Moralidade positiva e moralidade crítica
Authors: Araujo Marcelo de 
Published: July 2015

Crenças e atitudes morais podem variar bastante de uma sociedade para outra. Mesmo no interior de uma mesma sociedade, as crenças e atitudes morais predominantes podem variar ao longo da história dessa sociedade. As crenças e atitudes morais predominantes em uma determinada sociedade, em uma determinada época, constituem a “moralidade positiva” dessa sociedade. Mas seria possível de alguma forma avaliarmos moralmente a “moralidade positiva”? Neste artigo apresento razões para darmos uma resposta afirmativa a essa questão. A avaliação moral da “moralidade positiva” deve recorrer aos princípios gerais da “moralidade crítica”. A concepção de “moralidade crítica” que defendo neste artigo envolve uma retomada e interpretação da filosofia moral de David Hume. Na última parte deste artigo procuro também mostrar como obras de formação, tais como romances, documentários, filmes, e certos tipos de obras de arte podem participar do processo de deliberação racional próprio da “moralidade crítica”.