bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethyl‐4‐(Dimethylamino) benzoate initiation of the spontaneous polymerization of aqueous acidic adhesive formulations in the presence of a base
Authors: Bai Xinyan , Wu Ningjing , Liu Yi , Zhang Ying , Wang Yong 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis study indicated that the spontaneous polymerization of an aqueous acidic dental adhesive system containing ethyl‐4‐(dimethylamino) benzoate (4E) could be activated by various bases. The adhesive was prepared with a monomer mixture of bis[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (2MP) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Various amounts of base [hydroxyapatite (HAP) and its analogues, e.g., Ca(OH)2, NaOH, and calcium carbonate] were added. Real‐time Fourier transform infrared–attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy was used to monitor the polymerization process. The pH and buffer capacity affected the degree of conversion, and the polymerization rate and induction period were evaluated. The optimal conditions for the pH of this system was between 1.0 and 1.8, and HAP had the best performance on polymerization because of its excellent buffer capacity. The mechanism for the spontaneous polymerization of the 2MP/HEMA adhesive system was proposed with 4E as an initiator. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2698–2706, 2013
Learning curve for intracranial angioplasty and stenting in single center
Authors: Cai Qiankun , Li Yongkun , Xu Gelin , Sun Wen , Xiong Yunyun , Sun Wenshan , Bao Yuanfei , Huang Xianjun , Zhang Yao , Zhou Lulu , Zhu Wusheng , Liu Xinfeng 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo identify the specific caseload to overcome learning curve effect based on data from consecutive patients treated with Intracranial Angioplasty and Stenting (IAS) in our center.BackgroundThe Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke and Intracranial Stenosis trial was prematurely terminated owing to the high rate of periprocedural complications in the endovascular arm. To date, there are no data available for determining the essential caseload sufficient to overcome the learning effect and perform IAS with an acceptable level of complications.MethodsBetween March 2004 and May 2012, 188 consecutive patients with 194 lesions who underwent IAS were analyzed retrospectively. The outcome variables used to assess the learning curve were periprocedural complications (included transient ischemic attack, ischemic stroke, vessel rupture, cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome, and vessel perforation). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to illustrate the existence of learning curve effect on IAS. A risk‐adjusted cumulative sum chart was performed to identify the specific caseload to overcome learning curve effect.ResultsThe overall rate of 30‐days periprocedural complications was 12.4% (24/194). After adjusting for case‐mix, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that operator experience was an independent predictor for periprocedural complications. The learning curve of IAS to overcome complications in a risk‐adjusted manner was 21 cases.ConclusionsOperator's level of experience significantly affected the outcome of IAS. Moreover, we observed that the amount of experience sufficient for performing IAS in our center was 21 cases. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Soil Washing for Reduction of Aromatic and Aliphatic Contaminants in Soil
Authors: Gitipour Saeid , Hedayati Mahsa , Madadian Edris 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe extraction of crude oil worldwide is estimated to be about 4 billion tons annually, 10% of which leaks into the environment. Iran is in great risk of pollution because of the extensive natural oil reservoirs and the spread of the oil industry. During the past 10–15 years soil washing methods have gathered much attention due to their rapid and easy implementation and high clean up efficiencies in removing organic contaminants from polluted soils. This paper investigates the effects of soil washing at various temperatures and pH levels of the washing solutions on the removal of gasoline constituents from contaminated soils. Aliphatic and aromatic fractions of gasoline were studied for this purpose. Raw soil samples were spiked with gasoline for soil washing tests. Sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant (with concentration of 1 g/L) was used as the washing solution for the samples. The results of this study indicate that an increase in both pH and temperature of the solution enhances the removal efficiencies of aliphatic and aromatic contaminants from soil samples. The removal efficiencies of aliphatic contaminants from coarse and fine fractions of the samples increased from 81.12 to 92.34% and 62.41 to 76.47%, as the temperature rose from 20 to 40°C, respectively. A nearly similar trend of increase was noted for the aromatic compounds. With regard to pH of the washing solutions, the removal efficiencies of the contaminants increased as the pH changed from 5.76 to 8.14. Thus, concluding that the implementation of soil washing is more efficient when the soil has naturally high pH values.
Prognostic value of the pretreatment serum level of cytokeratin fraction 21‐1 in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A study of 332 cases
Authors: Wei Zhengbo , Zeng Xianjie , Xu Jian , Duan Xuwei , Yang Jianbo , Xie Ying 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundPrognostic value of serum cytokeratin fraction 21‐1 (CYFRA 21‐1) has not been fully validated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsSerum CYFRA 21‐1 levels of 332 patients with NPC were measured before treatment, and their association with overall survival (OS), tumor‐free survival (TFS), time to local recurrence (TLR), and time to distant recurrence (TDR) was studied.ResultsPretreatment serum CYFRA 21‐1 level of patients with classification of T1+2, N0, stage I+II was significantly lower than that of those with T3+4, N1+2+3 and III+IV, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that a high pretreatment serum level of CYFRA 21‐1 and T classification were independent predictors of poor OS and TDR. A high pretreatment level of CYFRA 21‐1 was an independent predictor of shorter TFS and TLR.ConclusionThe pretreatment serum level of CYFRA 21‐1 would be a reliable biomarker to evaluate the long‐term prognosis of patients with undifferentiated NPC. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 71–76, 2014
Conservative management of thyroglobulin‐positive, nonlocalizable thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Frank Robert W. , Middleton Laura , Stack Brendan C. , Spencer Horace J. , Riggs Ann T. , Bodenner Donald L. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate a role for observation of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) with persistent, nonlocalizable disease.MethodsOur study was conducted on outpatients seen at our institution from 1999 to 2009 having total thyroidectomy, radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation, measurable serum thyroglobulin (Tg), and no evidence of disease on whole body or positron emission tomography (PET) scans.ResultsNineteen patients in our study group aged 20 to 73 with an average follow‐up of 5.5 years (range, 2–12 years); all were treated with postoperative RAI (99–210 mCi, average 119). Mean Tg ranged from 0.41 to 4.34. Tg levels remained stable or gradually decreased in all patients.ConclusionAfter total thyroidectomy and RAI therapy, patients may present with mildly elevated Tg values without localizable disease. These patients may have additional RAI treatments based on the Tg elevation. However, our clinical experience has shown that many of these patients will have Tg levels that either achieve stability or decrease over time without further treatment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 155–157, 2014
Outcomes of incidentally discovered thyroid nodules referred to a high‐volume head and neck surgeon
Authors: Kroeker Teresa R. , le Nobel Gavin , Merdad Mazin , Freeman Jeremy L. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundIncidental thyroid nodules are commonly found by radiological studies done for other indications. The yearly incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing, in part because of detection of nonpalpable nodules on imaging performed for unrelated issues.MethodsAll new patients referred to a high‐volume thyroid surgeon for thyroid nodules were reviewed between February 2009 and January 2011. Data regarding patient demographics, risk factors, referring physician, radiologic findings, fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) results, and management were reviewed.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐three of 729 patients (18.2%) had a thyroid nodule or nodules incidentally found on ultrasound, MRI, CT, nuclear imaging, or chest x‐ray. Fifty‐five patients (41.4%) were managed surgically, with 35 (63.6%) of those having thyroid cancer on final surgical pathology.ConclusionBased on radiologic findings, risk factors, and FNA results, many incidental thyroid nodules can be observed. Incidental thyroid nodules should be evaluated in the same fashion as a palpable thyroid nodule. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 126–129, 2014
Human papillomavirus prevalence and prognostic implication in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Melkane Antoine E. , Auperin Anne , Saulnier Patrick , Lacroix Ludovic , Vielh Philippe , Casiraghi Odile , Msakni Issam , Drusch Françoise , Temam Stéphane 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV)‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is associated with favorable survival. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and prognostic significance of the HPV infection through both the p16 expression status and the oncogenic HPV DNA viral load.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients treated for oropharyngeal SCC between January 2007 and June 2009. P16 expression status by immunohistochemistry and HPV DNA viral load by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were evaluated on routine pretreatment tumor samples.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐three patients (94 men and 39 women) were included in the study. Mean age was 59 years. One hundred twenty‐two lesions (92%) were localized to lymphoid areas. Sixty‐seven patients (50%) were p16+, and 87 patients (65%) harbored HPV DNA. The p16+/HPV DNA+ profile (48%) was associated with the most favorable prognosis. HPV16 was responsible for the majority of the infections (89%).ConclusionHPV is common among oropharyngeal SCC in France, and acts as an independent prognostic factor. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 257–265, 2014
Quality of life before and after total laryngectomy: Results of a multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Singer Susanne , Danker Helge , Guntinas–Lichius Orlando , Oeken Jens , Pabst Friedemann , Schock Juliane , Vogel Hans‐Joachim , Meister Eberhard F. , Wulke Cornelia , Dietz Andreas 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine what quality of life (QOL) areas improve and deteriorate during the first year after total laryngectomy and to identify predictors of these changes.MethodsOne hundred seventy‐four patients completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QOL questionnaires before laryngectomy, n = 133 before discharge from hospital, n = 110 at the end of rehabilitation, and n = 86 1 year after laryngectomy. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to estimate the effect of potential predictors on QOL.ResultsAreas that did not recover to baseline level were physical functioning, role functioning, social functioning, fatigue, dyspnea, appetite loss, financial difficulties, senses, speech, and social contact, whereas global health status, coughing, and weight improved. There was no evidence for predicting effects of age, sex, education, and tumor site. Tumor stage, recurrent disease, radiotherapy, and mental health did display predicting effects. Smoking status before the treatment had marginally significant effects.ConclusionQOL decreases initially after laryngectomy; some QOL areas recover slowly over the course of the year after surgery, and some remain significantly worse than at baseline. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 359–368, 2014
Primary intraocular ancient schwannoma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mortuza Shaikh , Esmaeli Bita , Bell Diana 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundSchwannomas comprise 8% to 10% of all primary intracranial tumors. Primary intraorbital schwannomas are rare, accounting for 1% to 2% of all intracranial tumors. Schwannomas arise from Schwann cells in the myelin sheaths of sensory and cranial nerves.MethodsWe present the case of a 56‐year‐old white man blind since 1970 who presented to an outside hospital for a painful right eye. Physicians identified no clinical or radiologic features of neurofibromatosis.ResultsThe patient underwent enucleation; the final pathologic diagnosis was ancient schwannoma.ConclusionWe describe herein a case of intrascleral schwannoma with ancient changes arising within the globe of the right eye occupying the subretinal space and completely replacing the vitreous body. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: E36–E38, 2014
Seismic evidence for a slab tear at the Puerto Rico Trench
Authors: Meighan Hallie E. , Pulliam Jay , ten Brink Uri , López‐Venegas Alberto M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe fore‐arc region of the northeast Caribbean plate north of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands has been the site of numerous seismic swarms since at least 1976. A 6 month deployment of five ocean bottom seismographs recorded two such tightly clustered swarms, along with additional events. Joint analyses of the ocean bottom seismographs and land‐based seismic data reveal that the swarms are located at depths of 50–150 km. Focal mechanism solutions, found by jointly fitting P wave first‐motion polarities and S/P amplitude ratios, indicate that the broadly distributed events outside the swarm generally have strike‐ and dip‐slip mechanisms at depths of 50–100 km, while events at depths of 100–150 km have oblique mechanisms. A stress inversion reveals two distinct stress regimes: The slab segment east of 65°W longitude is dominated by trench‐normal tensile stresses at shallower depths (50–100 km) and by trench‐parallel tensile stresses at deeper depths (100–150 km), whereas the slab segment west of 65°W longitude has tensile stresses that are consistently trench normal throughout the depth range at which events were observed (50–100 km). The simple stress pattern in the western segment implies relatively straightforward subduction of an unimpeded slab, while the stress pattern observed in the eastern segment, shallow trench‐normal tension and deeper trench‐normal compression, is consistent with flexure of the slab due to rollback. These results support the hypothesis that the subducting North American plate is tearing at or near these swarms. The 35 year record of seismic swarms at this location and the recent increase in seismicity suggest that the tear is still propagating.
Regional simulation of aerosol impacts on precipitation during the East Asian summer monsoon
Authors: Wu Longtao , Su Hui , Jiang Jonathan H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry is used to examine aerosol impacts on precipitation over China during the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). In the first EASM phase (6 May to 13 June), monsoonal rainband is located to the south of high aerosol areas. The surface cooling by the aerosol radiative effect induces an anticyclonic circulation in northern China, causing a precipitation decrease over southern China. The aerosol microphysical effect tends to broaden the precipitation region. In the second EASM phase (14 June to 5 August), the precipitation band jumps to northern China, where heavy pollution locates. By serving as cloud condensation nuclei, the aerosol microphysical effect causes a reduction of local cloudiness and induces ascent to the north and descent to the south, leading to a precipitation shift from south to north. The aerosol radiative effect strengthens such a meridional asymmetry. Moisture budget analysis shows that the aerosol‐induced anomalies of precipitation in both phases are mainly contributed by the changes in vertical velocity associated with convection, while the horizontal advection of moisture plays a nonnegligible role. Our study highlights that aerosol effects on EASM precipitation depend on the location of monsoon precipitation band and its relative location to aerosols, which may be the main factor that contributed to the discrepancy in literature regarding the aerosol impacts on the so‐called “southern flood and northern flood” over China.
On the largest eigenvalue of a symmetric nonnegative tensor
Authors: Zhou Guanglu , Qi Liqun , Wu Soon‐Yi 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, some important spectral characterizations of symmetric nonnegative tensors are analyzed. In particular, it is shown that a symmetric nonnegative tensor has the following properties: (i) its spectral radius is zero if and only if it is a zero tensor; (ii) it is weakly irreducible (respectively, irreducible) if and only if it has a unique positive (respectively, nonnegative) eigenvalue–eigenvector; (iii) the minimax theorem is satisfied without requiring the weak irreducibility condition; and (iv) if it is weakly reducible, then it can be decomposed into some weakly irreducible tensors. In addition, the problem of finding the largest eigenvalue of a symmetric nonnegative tensor is shown to be equivalent to finding the global solution of a convex optimization problem. Subsequently, algorithmic aspects for computing the largest eigenvalue of symmetric nonnegative tensors are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient gamma-aminobutyric acid bioconversion by employing synthetic complex between glutamate decarboxylase and glutamate/GABA antiporter in engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Le Vo Tam Dinh , Ko Ji-seun , Park Si Jae , Lee Seung Hwan , Hong Soon Ho 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a precursor of one of the most promising heat-resistant biopolymers, Nylon-4, and can be produced by the decarboxylation of monosodium glutamate (MSG). In this study, a synthetic protein complex was applied to improve the GABA conversion in engineered Escherichia coli. Complexes were constructed by assembling a single protein–protein interaction domain SH3 to the glutamate decarboxylase (GadA and GadB) and attaching a cognate peptide ligand to the glutamate/GABA antiporter (GadC) at the N-terminus, C-terminus, and the 233rd amino acid residue. When GadA and GadC were co-overexpressed via the C-terminus complex, a GABA concentration of 5.65 g/l was obtained from 10 g/l MSG, which corresponds to a GABA yield of 93 %. A significant increase of the GABA productivity was also observed where the GABA productivity increased 2.5-fold in the early culture period due to the introduction of the synthetic protein complex. The GABA pathway efficiency and GABA productivity were enhanced by the introduction of the complex between Gad and glutamate/GABA antiporter.
Biomarker Profiling for Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Li Yajuan , Fang Xiangdong , Li Quan-Zhen 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality of SLE patients. The pathogenesis of LN involves multiple factors, including genetic predisposition, epigenetic regulation and environmental interaction. Over the last decade, omics-based techniques have been extensively utilized for biomarker screening and a wide variety of variations which are associated with SLE and LN have been identified at the levels of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. These studies and discoveries have expanded our understanding of the molecular basis of the disease and are important for identification of potential therapeutic targets for disease prediction and early treatment. In this review, we summarize some of the recent studies targeted at the identification of LN-associated biomarkers using genomics and proteomic approaches.
Selective Kv1.3 channel blocker as therapeutic for obesity and insulin resistance
Authors: Upadhyay Sanjeev Kumar , Eckel-Mahan Kristin L. , Mirbolooki M. Reza , Tjong Indra , Griffey Stephen M. , Schmunk Galina , Koehne Amanda , Halbout Briac , Iadonato Shawn , Pedersen Brian , Borrelli Emiliana , Wang Ping H. , Mukherjee Jogeshwar , Sassone-Corsi Paolo , Chandy K. George 
Published: June 2013

Significance
Obesity is a global epidemic in need of novel and safe therapeutics. We show that ShK-186, a selective blocker of the Kv1.3 potassium channel, has powerful antiobesity effects in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. ShK-186 increases energy expenditure by activating brown adipose tissue, causes profound changes in liver metabolism and reduces obesity-induced inflammation of white adipose tissue. Our studies highlight the potential use of selective Kv1.3 blockers in the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance.
Colonization of Steelhead in a Natal Stream after Barrier Removal
Authors: Weigel Dana E. , Connolly Patrick J. , Martens Kyle D. , Powell Madison S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractColonization of vacant habitats is an important process for supporting the long‐term persistence of populations and species. We used a before–after experimental design to follow the process of colonization by steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous Rainbow Trout) at six monitoring sites in a natal stream, Beaver Creek, after the modification or removal of numerous stream passage barriers. Juvenile O. mykiss were collected at monitoring sites by using a backpack electrofisher. Passive integrated transponder tags and instream tag reading stations were used in combination with 16 microsatellite markers to determine the source, extent, and success of migrant O. mykiss after implementation of the barrier removal projects. Steelhead migrated into the study area during the first spawning season after passage was established. Hatchery steelhead, although comprising more than 80% of the adult returns to the Methow River basin, constituted a small proportion (23%) of the adult O. mykiss colonizing the study area. Adult steelhead and fluvial Rainbow Trout entered the stream during the first spawning season after barrier removal and were passing the uppermost tag reader (12 km upstream from the mouth) 3–4 years later. Parr that were tagged in Beaver Creek returned as adults, indicating establishment of the anadromous life history in the study area. Population genetic measures at the lower two monitoring sites (lower 4 km of Beaver Creek) significantly changed within one generation (4–5 years). Colonization and expansion of steelhead occurred more slowly than expected due to the low number of adults migrating into the study area.