bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease characteristics, patterns of care, and survival in very elderly patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Williams Jessica N. , Rai Ashish , Lipscomb Joseph , Koff Jean L. , Nastoupil Loretta J. , Flowers Christopher R. 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDAlthough the combination of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R‐CHOP) is considered standard therapy for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), patterns of use and the impact of R‐CHOP on survival in patients aged >80 years are less clear.METHODSThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare database was used to characterize presentation, treatment, and survival patterns in patients with DLBCL who were diagnosed between 2002 and 2009. Chi‐square tests compared characteristics and initial treatments among patients with DLBCL who were aged >80 years and ≤80 years. Multivariable logistic regression models examined factors associated with treatment selection in patients aged >80 years; standard and propensity score‐adjusted multivariable Cox proportional hazards models examined relationships between treatment regimen, treatment duration, and survival.RESULTSAmong 4635 patients with DLBCL, 1156 (25%) were aged >80 years. Patients aged >80 years were less likely to receive R‐CHOP and more likely to be observed or receive the combination of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (P<.0001 for both). Marital status, stage of disease, disease site, performance status, radiotherapy, and growth factor support were associated with initial R‐CHOP in patients aged >80 years. In propensity score‐matched multivariable Cox proportional hazards models examining relationships between treatment regimen and survival, R‐CHOP was the only regimen found to be associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.33‐0.62) and lymphoma‐related survival (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.38‐0.88).CONCLUSIONSAlthough patients with DLBCL who were aged >80 years were less likely to receive R‐CHOP, this regimen conferred the longest survival and should be considered for this population. Further studies are needed to characterize the impact of treatment of DLBCL on quality of life among patients in this age group. Cancer 2015;121:1800–1808. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Nonequilibrium Density Profiles in Lorentz Tubes with Thermostated Boundaries
Authors: Dolgopyat Dmitry , Nándori Péter 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe consider a long Lorentz tube with absorbing boundaries. Particles are injected into the tube from the left end. We compute the equilibrium density profiles in two cases: the semi‐infinite tube (in which case the density is constant) and a long finite tube (in which case the density is linear). In the latter case, we also show that convergence to equilibrium is well described by the heat equation. In order to prove these results, we obtain new results for the Lorentz particle that are of independent interest. First, we show that a particle conditioned not to hit the boundary for a long time converges to the Brownian meander. Second, we prove several local limit theorems for particles having a prescribed behavior in the past. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacokinetics and adhesion of a transdermal patch containing ethinyl estradiol and gestodene under conditions of heat, humidity, and exercise: A single‐center, open‐label, randomized, crossover study
Authors: Zurth Christian , Schuett Barbara , Casjens Manuela , Ludwig Matthias , Waellnitz Katrin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this open‐label, randomized study, 36 women (18−45 years) applied an ethinyl estradiol/gestodene contraceptive patch once‐weekly for 3 weeks followed by a 1‐week, patch‐free interval, in 3 treatment periods. The primary objective was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of ethinyl estradiol and gestodene under conditions of heat, humidity, and exercise. The secondary objective was to evaluate patch adhesion under the same conditions. Weeks 1 and 2 of each period comprised “standardized normal activity” (SNA); in week 3, SNA continued or women used a sauna, whirlpool, swimming pool, or performed an exercise combination. Thirty‐one women completed the study; 23 yielded evaluable pharmacokinetic data. Analyses were exploratory and conducted using an analysis of variance. Area under the concentration–time curve from 0 to 168 hours (AUC0−168) for gestodene and ethinyl estradiol during sauna, swimming, and whirlpool was equivalent to previous SNA recordings. For exercise combination, the gestodene AUC0−168 was 12% lower compared with SNA, albeit not considered clinically relevant. Two women lost a total of 3 patches during sporting activities; other detachments during this week were not correlated with sporting activity.Overall, hormone delivery using the ethinyl estradiol/gestodene patch under conditions of heat, humidity, and exercise corresponded to delivery under normal conditions.
Interplay between Cation–π and Coinage‐Metal–Oxygen Interactions: An Ab Initio Study and Cambridge Structural Database Survey
Authors: Gao Meng , Li Qingzhong , Li Wenzuo , Cheng Jianbo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe interplay between cation–π and coinage‐metal–oxygen interactions are investigated in the ternary systems N⋅⋅⋅PhCCM⋅⋅⋅O (N=Li+, Na+, Mg2+; M=Ag, Au; O=water, methanol, ethanol). A synergetic effect is observed when cation–π and coinage‐metal–oxygen interactions coexist in the same complex. The cation–π interaction in most triads has a greater enhancing effect on the coinage‐metal–oxygen interaction. This effect is analyzed in terms of the binding distance, interaction energy, and electrostatic potential in the complexes. Furthermore, the formation, strength, and nature of both the cation–π and coinage‐metal–oxygen interactions can be understood in terms of electrostatic potential and energy decomposition. In addition, experimental evidence for the coexistence of both interactions is obtained from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD).
Highly Efficient Photocatalysts for Surface Hybridization of TiO2 Nanofibers with Carbon Films
Authors: Chang Guoqing , Cheng Zhen , Warren Roseanne , Song Guoxia , Shen Jianyi , Lin Liwei 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTitania (TiO2) modification with carbon nanolayers to increase substrate adsorption in the vicinity of the photocatalytic sites and high migration efficiency of photoinduced electrons at the carbon/TiO2 interface lead to a photocatalyst with enhanced efficiency. Herein, surface hybridization with carbon nanolayers of continuous TiO2 nanofibers based on the electrospinning technique were fabricated. Compared with TiO2 nanofibers, the photocatalyst of carbon‐layer‐covered TiO2 nanofibers presented a higher photocatalytic activity under UV irradiation for the degradation of organic compounds (methylene blue). The photostability was retained after five cycles under UV irradiation.
Superior Capacitive Performance of Hydrochar‐Based Porous Carbons in Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Fuertes Antonio B. , Sevilla Marta 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBiomass‐based highly porous carbons with excellent performances in aqueous electrolyte‐based supercapacitors have been developed. The synthesis of these materials is based on the chemical activation of biomass‐based hydrochar. The addition of melamine to the activation mixture leads to porous carbons with a porosity consisting of micropores/small mesopores. Furthermore, melamine promotes the introduction of nitrogen heteroatoms in the carbon framework, along with abundant oxygen functionalities, to improve the wettability. The materials produced in the presence or absence of melamine exhibit high specific capacitances in aqueous electrolytes (>270 F g−1 in H2SO4 and >190 F g−1 in Li2SO4). Additionally, the mesopores present in the melamine‐based micro‐/mesoporous carbons notably improve the ion‐transport kinetics, especially in Li2SO4. Furthermore, in Li2SO4, they remain stable up to a cell voltage of 1.6 V; thus exhibiting superior energy and power characteristics than those in H2SO4.
Nearly monotonic passband low‐pass filter design by using sum‐of‐squared Legendre polynomials
Authors: Živaljević Dragana , Stamenković Negovan , Stojanović Vidosav 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYA new type of filter approximation, which utilizes orthonormal Legendre polynomials, referred to as sum‐of‐squared Legendre polynomials, is presented in this paper. Power transmission coefficient and the group delay of the proposed filter are compared with those of the Butterworth, Legendre–Papoulis, and Halpern filters. In order to illustrate the design of the proposed filter function, sum‐of‐squared Legendre polynomials coefficients and normalized element values of the low‐pass LC (inductor‐capacitor) ladder network prototype are given, up to the 10th degree. For continuous‐time domain filtering, doubly terminated LC ladder network topologies have very low sensitivities to changes of component values. In order to determine the effect of variation of all reactive components on the filter attenuation characteristic, the new sensitivity function has been proposed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gaussian integers and interleaved rank codes for space–time block codes
Authors: Asif H. M. , Honary B. , Hamayun M. T. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis paper presents the design of space–time block codes (STBCs) over maximum rank distance (MRD) codes, energy‐efficient STBCs, STBCs using interleaved‐MRD codes, the use of Gaussian integers for STBCs modulation, and Gabidulin's decoding algorithm for decoding STBCs. The design fundamentals of STBCs using MRD codes are firstly put forward for different number of transmit antennas. Extension finite fields (Galois fields) are used to design these linear block codes. Afterward, a comparative study of MRD‐based STBCs with corresponding orthogonal and quasi‐orthogonal codes is also included in the paper. The simulation results show that rank codes, for any number of transmit antennas, exhibit diversity gain at full rate contrary to orthogonal codes, which give diversity gain at full rate only for two transmit antennas case. Secondly, an energy‐efficient MRD‐STBC is proposed, which outperforms orthogonal STBC at least for 2 × 1 antenna system. Thirdly, interleaved‐MRD codes are used to construct higher‐order transmit antenna systems. Using interleaved‐MRD codes further reduces the complexity (compared with normal MRD codes) of the decoding algorithm. Fourthly, the use of Gaussian integers is utilized in mapping MRD‐based STBCs to complex constellations. Furthermore, it is described how an efficient and computationally less complex Gabidulin's decoding algorithm can be exploited for decoding complex MRD‐STBCs. The decoding results have been compared against hard‐decision maximum likelihood decoding. Under this decoding scheme, MRD‐STBCs have been shown to be potential candidate for higher transmit antenna systems as the decoding complexity of Gabidulin's algorithm is far less, and its performance for decoding MRD‐STBCs is somewhat reasonable. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can environmental constraints determine random patterns of plant species co‐occurrence?
Authors: García‐Baquero Gonzalo , Crujeiras Rosa M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPlant community ecologists use the null model approach to infer assembly processes from observed patterns of species co‐occurrence. In about a third of published studies, the null hypothesis of random assembly cannot be rejected. When this occurs, plant ecologists interpret that the observed random pattern is not environmentally constrained – but probably generated by stochastic processes. The null model approach (using theC‐score and the discrepancy index) was used to test for random assembly under two simulation algorithms. Logistic regression, distance‐based redundancy analysis, and constrained ordination were used to test for environmental determinism (species segregation along environmental gradients or turnover and species aggregation). This article introduces an environmentally determined community of alpine hydrophytes that presents itself as randomly assembled. The pathway through which the random pattern arises in this community is suggested to be as follows: Two simultaneous environmental processes, one leading to species aggregation and the other leading to species segregation, concurrently generate the observed pattern, which results to be neither aggregated nor segregated – butrandom. A simulation study supports this suggestion. Although apparently simple, the null model approach seems to assume that a single ecological factor prevails or that if several factors decisively influence the community, then they all exert their influence in the same direction, generating either aggregation or segregation. As these assumptions are unlikely to hold in most cases and assembly processes cannot be inferred from random patterns, we would like to propose plant ecologists to investigate specifically the ecological processes responsible for observed random patterns, instead of trying to infer processes from patterns.
Uncertainties in the projection of species distributions related to general circulation models
Authors: Goberville Eric , Beaugrand Grégory , Hautekèete Nina‐Coralie , Piquot Yves , Luczak Christophe 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEcological Niche Models (ENMs) are increasingly used by ecologists to project species potential future distribution. However, the application of such models may be challenging, and some caveats have already been identified. While studies have generally shown that projections may be sensitive to theENMapplied or the emission scenario, to name just a few, the sensitivity ofENM‐based scenarios to General Circulation Models (GCMs) has been often underappreciated. Here, using a multi‐GCMand multi‐emission scenario approach, we evaluated the variability in projected distributions under future climate conditions. We modeled the ecological realized niche (sensuHutchinson) and predicted the baseline distribution of species with contrasting spatial patterns and representative of two major functional groups of European trees: the dwarf birch and the sweet chestnut. Their future distributions were then projected onto future climatic conditions derived from sevenGCMs and four emissions scenarios using the new Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) developed for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)AR5 report. Uncertainties arising fromGCMs and those resulting from emissions scenarios were quantified and compared. Our study reveals that scenarios of future species distribution exhibit broad differences, depending not only on emissions scenarios but also onGCMs. We found that the between‐GCMvariability was greater than the between‐RCPvariability for the next decades and both types of variability reached a similar level at the end of this century. Our result highlights that a combined multi‐GCMand multi‐RCPapproach is needed to better consider potential trajectories and uncertainties in future species distributions. In all cases, between‐GCMvariability increases with the level of warming, and if nothing is done to alleviate global warming, future species spatial distribution may become more and more difficult to anticipate. When future species spatial distributions are examined, we propose to use a large number ofGCMs andRCPs to better anticipate potential trajectories and quantify uncertainties.
Oxidative myocardial damage in human cocaine‐related cardiomyopathy
Authors: Frustaci Andrea , Russo Matteo A. , Morgante Emanuela , Scopelliti Fernanda , Aquilano Katia , Ciriolo Maria R. , Grande Claudia , Verardo Romina , Chimenti Cristina 
Published: February 2015

AimsThe pathogenesis of cocaine‐related cardiomyopathy (CCM) is still unclear. Oxidative damage from cocaine‐generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) overcoming myocardial antioxidant reserve has been hypothesized by experimental studies.Methods and resultsTen (2.3%) of 430 consecutive cases with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) were attributed to CCM. Endomyocardial biopsies from CCM were retrospectively investigated with histology, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry (graded 0–3), and Western blot analysis for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine. Oxidative damage to DNA was investigated by immunostaining for 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), while apoptosis and necrosis were evaluated by in situ ligation with hairpin probes. Myocardial anti‐oxidant reserve was evaluated through assessment of superoxide dismutase (SOD1‐2) and catalase (CT) activity in two frozen samples from each patient. Results were compared with idiopathic DCM and normal controls. Cardiomyocytes were bigger and myocardial fibrosis was more pronounced in CCM than in the DCM cohort. Contraction band necrosis was always detectable only in CCM with sparse lymphocytic infiltrates in three cases. Both iNOS and nitrotyrosine were significantly more expressed in CCM than in DCM. Immunostaining for 8‐OHdG, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and necrosis were significantly increased in CCM compared with controls and DCM. Myocardial SOD1 and CT activity was significantly decreased compared with DCM and controls, and correlated with cell death and severity of left ventricular dysfunction.ConclusionOxidative stress is a major mechanism of myocardial damage in human CCM. It concurs with calcium overload to myocyte dysfunction and death.
Protective dendritic cell responses against listeriosis induced by the short form of the deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD are inhibited by full‐length CYLD
Authors: Wurm Rebecca , Just Sissy , Wang Xu , Wex Katharina , Schmid Ursula , Blanchard Nicolas , Waisman Ari , Schild Hans‐Jörg , Deckert Martina , Naumann Michael , Schlüter Dirk , Nishanth Gopala 
Published: February 2015

The deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD is an important tumor suppressor and inhibitor of immune responses. In contrast to full‐length CYLD, the immunological function of the naturally occurring short splice variant of CYLD (sCYLD) is insufficiently described. Previously, we showed that DCs, which lack full‐length CYLD but express sCYLD, exhibit augmented NF‐κB and DC activation. To explore the function of sCYLD in infection, we investigated whether DC‐specific sCYLD regulates the pathogenesis of listeriosis. Upon Listeria monocytogenes infection of CD11c‐Cre Cyldex7/8 fl/fl mice, infection of CD8α+ DCs, which are crucial for the establishment of listeriosis in the spleen, was not affected. However, NF‐κB activity of CD11c‐Cre Cyldex7/8 fl/fl DCs was increased, while activation of ERK and p38 was normal. In addition, CD11c‐Cre Cyldex7/8 fl/fl DCs produced more TNF, IL‐10, and IL‐12 upon infection, which led to enhanced stimulation of IFN‐γ‐producing NK cells. In addition CD11c‐Cre Cyldex7/8 fl/fl DCs presented Listeria Ag more efficiently to CD8+ T cells resulting in a stronger pathogen‐specific CD8+ T‐cell proliferation and more IFN‐γ production. Collectively, the improved innate and adaptive immunity and survival during listeriosis identify the DC‐specific FL‐CYLD/sCYLD balance as a potential target to modulate NK‐cell and Ag‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses.
New parameters for evaluating the quality of commercial krill oil capsules from the aspect of lipid oxidation and non‐enzymatic browning reactions
Authors: Lu Fung Sieng Henna , Bruheim Inge , Jacobsen Charlotte 
Published: February 2015

Classical techniques such as Peroxide Value and Anisidine Value are not useful to evaluate the quality of krill oil. These techniques may underestimate lipid oxidation and other degradative reactions in krill oil. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of eight different commercial krill oil capsules through parameters such as: investigation of chemical compositions (bioactive compounds such as phospholipids, n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants), hydrophobic pyrroles, and volatile profiles (lipid and Strecker‐derived volatiles, pyridines, pyrazines, and their alkyl derivatives, sulphur and amino compounds). The data of chemical composition of krill oil were correlated well with those from volatile measurement. Through investigating volatile profile, new insights into the lipid oxidation and non‐enzymatic browning reactions in krill oil were obtained, and the quality among different commercial krill oil products was differentiated.Practical applications: Different from fish oil, krill oil has a much more complex matrix. Therefore, classical techniques, which are useful to differentiate the quality of fish oil are not applicable to krill oil. This work provides new parameters to differentiate the quality of krill oil through the measurement of bioactive compounds and hydrophobic pyrroles in krill oil, and investigation of volatile profiles of krill oil from the aspect of lipid oxidation and non‐enzymatic browning reactions.The quality of commercial krill oil capsules could be differentiated through parameters such as chemical compositions (bioactive compounds), hydrophobic pyrroles, and volatile profiles (volatiles derived from lipid oxidation and non‐enzymatic browning reactions). The data of chemical composition of krill oil were correlated well with those from volatile measurement and new insights into lipid oxidation and non‐enzymatic browning reactions in krill oil were obtained.
Homogeneous and Semi‐Heterogeneous Magnetically Retrievable Bis‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Rhodium(I) Based Catalysts for Selective Hydroaminomethylation Reactions
Authors: Dutta Bishnu , Schwarz Rony , Omar Suheir , Natour Suzana , Abu‐Reziq Raed 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe preparation of various bis‐N‐heterocyclic carbene (bis‐NHC) complexes of rhodium and their application in the hydroaminomethylation of vinyl arenes was investigated. Various reaction parameters such as solvent, temperature, and pressure were tested, and the optimized protocol was applied to a wide variety of vinyl arenes and amines to afford the corresponding amines in good yields with high selectivity towards the branched product. The bis‐NHC‐based catalyst demonstrated superior reactivity and selectivity compared to catalysts containing bidentate phosphine or monodentate NHC ligands. A triethoxysilyl‐functionalized bis‐NHC ligand was immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles and then utilized to bind a rhodium catalyst. The resulting catalytic system was successfully employed in hydroaminomethylation reactions. The catalyst exhibited excellent reactivity, high selectivity, and was simply recovered from the reaction medium by applying an external magnetic field.
One‐Pot Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,4‐Naphthoquinone‐Derived Polycycles through Oxidative Dearomatization and Aminocatalysis
Authors: Pantaine Loïc , Coeffard Vincent , Moreau Xavier , Greck Christine 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA synthetic process merging oxidative dearomatization and asymmetric aminocatalysis in a single vessel is reported. The PhI(OAc)2‐mediated oxidation of 1,4‐dihydroxynaphthalene is followed by a trienamine‐mediated Diels–Alder cycloaddition/aldol reaction or a trienamine‐mediated Diels–Alder cycloaddition/oxidation sequence depending on the dienal substitution pattern. The polycyclic compounds are obtained in good yields with enantiomeric excesses up to 99 %. Additionally, these polycyclic architectures can be synthesized with similar enantioselectivities through an unprecedented one‐pot marriage of bodipy‐photocatalyzed oxidative dearomatization of 1‐naphthol and asymmetric aminocatalysis. A catalytic cycle is suggested to explain the reaction outcome.