bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the Island Layout on the Performance of the 4H-SiC Floating Island Device
Authors: Wang Ce , Wang Hengyu , Cheng Haoyuan , Wan Jiangbin , Zhang Chi , Li Yanjun , Makhdoom Shahid , Ren Na , Guo Qing , Sheng Kuang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Floating Island (FI) structure in 4H-SiC device is able to break the “SiC 1D-Limit”. This is achieved by transforming the electric field distribution in the drift region from a single-triangle profile into a multiple-triangle profile, both of which have the same triangle height and width. With such an electric field distribution, the trade-off between breakdown voltage (BV) and specific ON-resistance (RON,sp) can be significantly improved. In this paper, the 4H-SiC FI Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes with four different island layouts, namely the stripe, the hexagon island, the hexagon hole and the hexagon cell, have been fabricated and tested. The results show that RON,sp is virtually the same at the same N-type area ratio, but BV diverges at the same N-type area ratio for different layouts. The stripe layout has the highest BV among the four island layouts. A BV of 2200V and RON,sp of 3.8mΩ.cm2 has been achieved with the stripe design.
Improving the performance of n-i-p perovskite photodetectors via bathocuproine electron transport interlayer
Authors: Zhao Lin , Lou Qiang , Chen Tong , Xu Jingyi , Zhou Hang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, a planar photodetector with a n-i-p structure comprised of Glass/ITO/SnO2/bathocuproine (BCP)/Cs0.05(FA0.85MA0.15)0.95Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3/P3HT/Ag is investigated. Here, the BCP layer was inserted as a passivation layer between the SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) and the perovskite to reduce the leakage current while improving its photodetectivity. As a result, the photodetector has a broad spectral response range (300-800 nm), and a low dark current of 8.20 × 10−7 A/cm2. In addition, the responsivity of the device reached 0.432 A W−1 when operated at self-powered mode, the corresponding detectivity reaches 7.4 × 1011 Jones, while the linear dynamic range reaches 51.3 dB and response time of 28 μs.
A high-responsivity 30 μm × 30 μm Perovskite-IGZO Phototransistor for Weak Light Detection
Authors: Hu Rundong , Lv Xueqing , Chen Tong , Lin Bosi , Zhou Hang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introducing various absorption materials to the IGZO thin film transistor (TFT) forms new device approach for making high performance photodetectors and image sensors. In this study, a 30 μm × 30 μm IGZO phototransistor with quasi-2D perovskite absorption layer is demonstrated, which attains a high responsivity reaching 1.5 × 105 A W−1 and a well detectivity of 3.07 × 1014 Jones under 87.4 nW cm−2 illumination at 520nm. This approach combines the merits of low turn-off dark current of the IGZO TFT and the high optoelectronic properties of the perovskite photo absorption layer, which is very promising for forming high resolution low cost flat-panel image sensors.
Energy and exergy analysis of a hydrogen powered gas turbine operating in gas-steam system
Authors: Harutyunyan Artur , Badyda Krzysztof , Szablowski Łukasz 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Due to the global climate strategy to reduce greenhouse gases and the energy crisis caused by global political and economic challenges, the development of renewable energy, as well as achieving energy security, has become a very urgent and priority issue for many countries of the world. As a renewable energy source hydrogen has a very high potential to consider a promising alternative fuel for the power generation, including gas turbines. Due to its high calorific value, low emissions and versatility, hydrogen has many advantages over conventional fuels. Also it is the fact that the gas turbine industry has made a strong commitment to developing gas turbines capable of operating with 100% hydrogen by 2030. And since gas turbines currently play a vital role in balancing the global energy system, expanding gas turbine fuel options to include hydrogen could increase their potential importance in both the energy transition and long-term energy strategies.
In recent years, most research and studies on hydrogen-fueled gas turbines, taking into account the ecological problem, have focused on the analysis of emission reduction in exhaust gases. Also, due to the difficulties of optimizing hydrogen combustion, most research and studies have concentrated on the analyzes of flame stability in gas turbine combustion chambers․ There are still many important questions that remain open and unexplored when it comes to energy and exergy analysis of hydrogen fueled gas turbines in simple and more complex systems.
In this paper, energy and exergy analizes of a hydrogen powered gas turbine in the gas-steam system was performed. The system consists of a gas turbine powered by methane blended with hydrogen at various compositions. The amount of hydrogen enrichment varies from 0 to 100% by volume. Implementation of such analyzes were done through mathematical models which had been built using Aspen HYSYS mathematical modeling program.
Heat transfer optimization via finned surface with the use of CFD
Authors: Drag Tomasz , Tokarski Mieszko 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Finned tubes are widely used in many industries such as the automotive, petrochemical, refining, and energy industries. They are applied to increase heat transfer efficiency between fluids through the use of protruding fins on the outer or inner surface of the tube, which aim to increase the surface area of heat exchange. The efficiency of an externally finned tube made of copper is increased by maximizing heat transfer and minimizing costs using the Ansys package. Heat exchange efficiency is improved and production costs are lowered by optimizing finned tubes. Firstly, a finned pipe fragment was modeled and meshed. Then, heat exchange between hot free flowing air around the tube and cold water flowing through the pipe were simulated. The foundation width and fin length were optimized in the ranges of 0.38mm-3.63mm and 4.9mm-14.9mm, respectively, using the simulation as a base. After the optimization certain cases were calculated analytically. It was found that the thickness of the fin should be optimized regarding its impact on mass, and the length of the fin should be optimized regarding its impact on heat transfer. Additionally in straightforward cases, analytical results are similar to simulation results.
Improved heat transport and hydrogen sorption rate in the electric field aligned, graphite/magnesium hydride composites
Authors: Goc Kamil , Mineo Kentaro , Przewoźnik Janusz , Takasaki Akito , Kapusta Czeslaw 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The results on the improvement of the heat transport and reaction rates in the magnesium hydride composite are reported. It has been achieved by admixing flake graphite and temperature proof silicone resin and, further, through their alignment with the applied strong electric field. The oriented, graphite-field composite samples show a 22-43% higher thermal conductivity, in comparison with isotropic samples, reaching values of 1.28 W/m·K. Improved heat transfer was found to increase reaction rates and the corresponding reaction times composites were shortened 54% and 40% min for absorption and desorption, respectively, which makes composites attractive for applications.
Brain CT to MRI medical image transformation based on U-Net
Authors: Liu Haoyang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Medical images are valuable resources for clinical diagnosis, each containing rich information about diseases. To fully utilize this information, it is crucial to achieve effective conversion between different types of medical images. This not only reduces the need for patients to undergo multiple imaging examinations but also helps to conserve valuable medical resources and reduce examination restrictions. Therefore, research on medical image transformation techniques is of significant importance, but it is also a highly challenging task. This study proposes an innovative medical image generation network based on the U-Net architecture, specifically targeting brain CT and MRI images. Through carefully designed preprocessing steps and pretraining strategies, the network in this paper can effectively convert brain CT images into MRI images, demonstrating significant performance on the SynthRAD2023 Grand Challenge dataset. Additionally, in clinical applications, MRI is favored for its high-resolution soft tissue imaging capabilities, while CT scans are known for providing high-resolution images quickly. However, the MRI scanning process is longer and may not be suitable for patients who cannot maintain specific positions for a long time. Therefore, the conversion technique between CT and MRI images plays a crucial role in improving the efficiency of medical image acquisition. The results of this study will enhance the work of converting CT to MRI images in clinical practice.
Divergent impacts of seasonal precipitation deficiency on grassland growth in drylands of Central Asia
Authors: Yuan Ye , Bao Anming , Chang Cun , Jiang Liangliang , Zheng Guoxiong , Yu Tao , Jiang Ping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Water availability and its timing are essential for determining dryland dynamics, and grasslands in Central Asia are particularly vulnerable to water provided by precipitation. Climate change is projected to alter the seasonal distribution of precipitation patterns and increase the frequency of extreme events. Little is known about the response of grasslands to seasonal precipitation deficiency (PD), especially considering the time lag effect. Here, we evaluated the impacts of PD on grassland growth at the seasonal scale based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Our findings showed that grassland growth during spring was mostly affected by PD in arid regions, with PD occurring during the nongrowing season and spring causing mean standardized anomalies (SAs) of −0.83 and −0.54, respectively, for the NDVI. In semiarid and subhumid regions, summer PD caused not only the largest negative response in summer (with SAs of −0.94 and −0.80 for semiarid and subhumid regions, respectively) but also in autumn (−0.80 and −0.74). PD in autumn had a less adverse effect on grassland growth. The divergent seasonal responses primarily stemmed from shifts in the dominant factors influencing grassland growth across seasons. PD reduced soil moisture in spring and summer, which in turn affected grassland growth. However, summer PD affected autumn grassland growth primarily through the carryover effect. Our results highlighted the importance of the timing of PD and suggested that precipitation in the previous season should receive more attention when considering the relationship between vegetation and precipitation at the seasonal scale.
Evaluation of The Performance of Enzyme-Induced Calcite Precipitations (EICP) Solutions Based on pH and Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Ali Mustafa S. , Almurshedi Alaa D. , Karkush Mahdi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
EICP is an innovative, sustainable technology that utilizes specific chemicals, particularly urea and calcium chloride, in conjunction with the urease enzyme to induce the precipitation of calcium carbonate. The abovementioned technology is widely acknowledged as contemporary and environmentally responsible, aligning with established sustainability principles and green construction criteria. The quantity of precipitated calcium carbonate is contingent upon the composition of the materials employed in the precipitation process and their respective proportions. The investigation focused on determining the best percentage of calcium carbonate precipitation by conducting experiments on different concentrations of urea, calcium chloride, and the urease enzyme and examining the specific characteristics of the chemical solution that facilitate the precipitation process. The augmentation of urea and calcium chloride to a certain proportion resulted in a corresponding augmentation in the quantity of precipitated substances such as calcium carbonate. In the course of furthering the increase process, it was observed that the value of the precipitated materials remained constant and did not exhibit any further augmentation for some mixing ratios. According to the results of current study, the best ratio to precipitated calcium carbonate can be attributed to using an optimal ratio of 1 mol/L of urea and 0.5 mol/L of calcium chloride. Due to the notable efficacy of urease, the concentration increment of urease did not exhibit significant variation beyond 1 g/l. However, the alteration in the rate of reaction velocity will influence the outcome of EICP process. The experimental results and integration of several methodologies demonstrated a positive correlation between temperature elevation and reaction rate augmentation, resulting in a rapid reaction termination.
Shear Strength and Collapsibility of Gypseous Soil Improved by Nanomaterials
Authors: Emad Rafal , Salman Alaa D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The current research focuses on studying the effect of nanomaterials (nano clay and nano-metakaolin) on the collapsibility and shear strength of gypseous soils before and after soaking. This study also addresses the effect of nanomaterials on physical properties such as specific gravity, soil density, and permeability of gypseous soils. A sample of gypseous soils obtained from the city of Tikrit, which is located 200 km north of Baghdad, and which contains 54% gypsum content. Gypseous soil samples were mixed with three percentages of nanomaterials (1, 2, and 3) % calculated on the basis of the dry weight of the soil to measure their effect on the geotechnical properties of the soil samples. The probability of collapse of gypseous soil decreases with increasing nanomaterial content. The shear strength also increases with increasing nanomaterial content and increasing curing period
Experimental Investigation on Effect of Cementitious Materials on Strength of Sandy Soils
Authors: Abbas Kareem Ammar , Shaban Alaa M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Weak soil characteristics pose a significant challenge for geotechnical engineers when designing the foundations of a structure. Consequently, researchers resort to improving the properties of weak sandy soil by mixing it with pozzolanic or chemical additives. This study aims to assess the effects of using cementitious materials to enhance the strength and stiffness of loose sand soils. To achieve this goal, experimental work was conducted, involving several laboratory tests to determine the soil properties. Three different curing times were utilized (one day, three days, and seven days), and four various percentages of the added cementitious material were employed (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) as a replacement by the weight of the treated soil. The results revealed that 15% is optimum gp content must be added to the mixture for optimum strength and stiffness. And three days is the optimum curing time.
Simulation and Evaluating of Traffic Flow for Hillah City Using VISSIM and GIS Programs
Authors: Flaah Wurood , Ajam Harith K K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The transportation network is crucial for modern society, with roads being essential for passenger and goods transportation. Al-Hillah, a highly congested center in Babylon province, experiences congestion due to its strategic location as a major transit route and the presence of vitality centers like education, commerce, and government. The main goals of this study are to evaluate the service level of the current traffic situation on the road network using the VISSIM software and to know the extent of the network’s connectivity using the GIS program. The whole length of the Hillah Road network as well as the number of nodes and linkages are among the data collected. These links represent major and minor arterials and vehicle movement surveys, both external and internal, from the center city for peak periods, vehicle classification, and geometric characteristics for each link and node in the network. Then a collection of parameters was computed for assessing the road network, which is considered one of the quantitative indicators used to measure network connectivity, such as
β
the index,
α
the index,
γ
the index and
η
the index. The results showed that the study sites operate with a high level of service LOS (F), and on the basis of this, some improvements were suggested to improve the level of service and reduce congestion.
Bioremediation of contaminated soil by crude oil of Baiji refinery by extraction of the local dominant bacteria
Authors: Ahmed Rand R. , Al-Obaidi Ahmed A. , Mohammed Zainab Bahaa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In most communities, soil contamination is a problem as it affects people and the environment. Because oil spills on soil substantially impact the environment, accidental infusions and spills of ore oils frequently result in a complete or partial exchange of the soil pore fluid by oil-contaminated soils, altering the geotechnical engineering characteristics. Therefore, efficiently removing petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants from contaminated soil is urgently needed. A novel technique that is gaining popularity worldwide to clean up places polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons is known as bioremediation. This study browser the fundamental processes involved in bioremediation and removal efficiency of TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) within different periods for (the Baiji refinery) which is polluted with crude oil as a result of numerous oil wells, oil drilling, pipeline, and storage tank damage, natural seepage, and spills during the conflict and Noory channel which content crude oil, waste of refinery process and sludge. The research aims to extract the dominant bacteria in the contaminated soil and use the last in bioremediation and find out the differences in its effectiveness in treating total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) later. The result indicates that the dominant bacteria are Stutzerimonas balearica and Bacillus subtilis which are used later in bioremediation and can digest TPH. The removal efficiency of TPH during the study period was 55, 65, 68, 78, 82, 85, and 92% for spilled samples and 50, 62, 66, 70, 80, 84, and 90% for the Noory channel, respectively.
Effective Use of Pozzolanic Materials for Stabilizing Expansive Soils: A Review
Authors: Ali Lina H. , Atemimi Yahya K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Soils have a detrimental impact on engineered structures, such as pavements and foundations, are often referred to as problematic or challenging soils. These soils encompass various types, including but not limited to the expansive soil, the damage arises from inadequate or unfavorable engineering characteristics, including low shear strength, excessive compressibility, and substantial volume alterations. Expansive soils, in particular, pose a considerable challenge due to their susceptibility to the shrink-swell phenomenon when interacting with water. Addressing these challenges requires implementing various soil treatment or stabilization techniques, including mechanical and chemical techniques. The decontamination techniques that incorporate sustainability principles receive preference for their use of environmentally friendly materials and their attempts to reduce the consumption of natural resources. Pozzolanic materials have been meticulously selected in this comprehensive analysis for discussion and thorough consideration as effective chemical stabilizers. The chosen pozzolanic materials encompass a range of options, including agricultural waste, conceptual waste, industrial, and byproducts. These options may include ashes derived from agricultural waste and various types of calcined clay. A wide array of materials in civil engineering contributes to the construction process. These materials comprise egg ash, sugarcane straw ash, rice husk ash, silica fume, fly ash, blast furnace slag, cement, and lime. In a broader context, using pozzolanic materials to stabilize expansive soils is crucial in mitigating swelling and Atterberg’s limits while enhancing compaction and strength parameters. Nevertheless, it is essential to acknowledge the wide range of percentages associated with the use of pozzolanic materials as stabilizing agents.
The behavior of geogrid-reinforced sand soil supporting shallow footing under earthquake
Authors: Al-khafaji Ruqayah , Mohammed Shafiqu Qassun S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Earthquakes are detrimental phenomena that can result in significant loss of lives and infrastructures. During earthquakes, shallow foundations can suffer considerable settlement, tilting, and sliding resulting in foundation failure. One of the promoting techniques that can enhance soil performance is soil reinforcement using geogrid. Until recently, there are very limited studies that concern with the response of the square foundation when founded on geogrid-reinforced soil. This study aims to examine the influence of square footing founded on sand soil with and without geogrid reinforcement under the 2017 Halabjah earthquake using a shaking table system. The soil was prepared with relative density of 30% with and without reinforcement. The sand was reinforced with one, two and three layers of geogrid type InterAx NX750 supplied by Tensar Company. The first layer of geogrid was placed at depth of 0.3B, the distance between the geogrid layers was 0.3B, and the length of the geogrid is 4B (B: footing width). The shaking table used in the study was fabricated locally. The settlement and horizontal displacement, tilting, acceleration and pore pressure were measured using a rope displacement sensor, tilt sensor, accelerometers and pore pressure transducers respectively. The results showed that the use of geogrid reinforcement can enhance the soil behavior by decrease the foundation settlement and displacement, and minimize the tilting of the footing. The highest decrease in the settlement and titling of the footing was given by the soil reinforced with three layers of geogrid. The results also showed that reinforcement decreases the amplification of the acceleration. In addition to the decrease in the pore pressure developed in the saturated sand soil and in consequence decreases the liquefaction ratio (Ru). Nevertheless, the influence of the geogrid reinforcement on the liquefaction ratio and acceleration are lower than that of settlement, and tilting.