bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of forelimb lameness on hoof kinematics of horses at a trot
Authors: Moorman Valerie J. , Reiser Raoul F. , Peterson Michael L. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Kawcak Chris E. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine kinematic changes to the hoof of horses at a trot after induction of unilateral, weight-bearing forelimb lameness and to determine whether hoof kinematics return to prelameness values after perineural anesthesia.
Animals—6 clinically normal Quarter Horses.
Procedures—For each horse, a sole-pressure model was used to induce 3 grades (grades 1, 2, and 3) of lameness in the right forelimb, after which perineural anesthesia was administered to alleviate lameness. Optical kinematics were obtained for both forelimbs with the horse trotting before (baseline) and after induction of each grade of lameness and after perineural anesthesia. Hoof events were identified with linear acceleration profiles, and each stride was divided into hoof-contact, break-over, initial-swing, terminal-swing, and total-swing segments. For each segment, kinematic variables were compared within and between limbs by use of mixed repeated-measures ANOVA.
Results—During hoof-contact, the left (nonlame) forelimb hoof had greater heel-down orientation than did the right (lame) forelimb hoof, and during break-over, the nonlame hoof went through a larger range of motion than did the lame hoof. Maximum cranial acceleration during break-over for the lame hoof was greater, compared with that at baseline or for the nonlame hoof. Following perineural anesthesia, the sagittal plane orientation of the hoof during hoof-contact did not vary between the lame and nonlame limbs; however, interlimb differences in maximum cranial acceleration and angular range of motion during break-over remained.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that hoof kinematics may be useful for detection of unilateral, weight-bearing forelimb lameness in horses that are trotting.
In vitro effects of meloxicam on metabolism in articular chondrocytes from dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis
Authors: Budsberg Steven C. , Stoker Aaron M. , Johnston Spencer A. , Liska William , Reno Lisa R. , Cook James L. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Objective—To assess effects of in vitro meloxicam exposure on metabolism in articular chondrocytes from dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis
Sample—Femoral head cartilage from 16 dogs undergoing total hip replacement
Procedures—Articular cartilage samples were obtained. Tissue sulfated glycosaminoglycan (SGAG), collagen, and DNA concentrations were measured. Collagen, SGAG, chondroitin sulfate 846, NO, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 concentrations in culture medium were analyzed. Aggrecan, collagen II, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS)-4, ADAMTS-5, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2, and nducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression were evaluated. Comparisons between tissues cultured without (control) and with meloxicam at concentrations of 0.3, 3.0, and 30.0 μg/mL for up to 30 days were performed by means of repeated-measures analysis.
Results—Meloxicam had no effect on chondrocyte SGAG, collagen, or DNA concentrations. Expression of ADAMTS-5 was significantly decreased in all groups on all days, compared with the day 0 value. On day 3, culture medium PGE2 concentrations were significantly lower in all meloxicam-treated groups, compared with values for controls, and values remained low. Culture medium MMP-3 concentrations were significantly lower on day 30 than on day 3 in all meloxicam-treated groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that in vitro meloxicam treatment of osteoarthritic canine cartilage for up to 30 days did not induce matrix degradation or stimulate MMP production. Meloxicam lowered PGE2 release from this tissue, and effects on tissue chondrocyte content and matrix composition were neutral.
Validation of a commercially available enzyme immunoassay for measurement of plasma antidiuretic hormone concentration in healthy dogs and assessment of plasma antidiuretic hormone concentration in dogs with congestive heart failure
Authors: Scollan Katherine F. , Bulmer Barret J. , Sisson D. David 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Objective—To validate the use of a human enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit for measurement of plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentration in dogs and evaluate plasma ADH concentrations in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) attributable to acquired cardiac disease, compared with findings in healthy dogs.
Animals—6 healthy dogs and 12 dogs with CHF as a result of chronic degenerative valve disease or dilated cardiomyopathy.
Procedures—Plasma samples from the 6 healthy dogs were pooled and used to validate the EIA kit for measurement of plasma ADH concentration in dogs by assessing intra-assay precision, dilutional linearity, and spiking recovery. Following validation, plasma ADH concentrations were measured in the 6 healthy dogs and in the 12 dogs with CHF for comparison.
Results—The EIA kit measured ADH concentrations in canine plasma samples with acceptable intra-assay precision, dilutional linearity, and spiking recovery. The intra-assay coefficient of variation was 11%. By use of this assay, the median plasma concentration of ADH in dogs with CHF was 6.15 pg/mL (SD, 3.2 pg/mL; range, 4.18 to 15.47 pg/mL), which was significantly higher than the median concentration in healthy dogs (3.67 pg/mL [SD, 0.93 pg/mL; range, 3.49 to 5.45 pg/mL]).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Plasma ADH concentrations in dogs can be measured with the tested EIA kit. Plasma ADH concentrations were higher in dogs with CHF induced by acquired cardiac disease than in healthy dogs. This observation provides a basis for future studies evaluating circulating ADH concentrations in dogs with developing heart failure.
Effects of clopidogrel on the platelet activation response in horses
Authors: Brooks Marjory B. , Divers Thomas J. , Watts Ashlee E. , Ness Sally L. , Frye Amelia H. , Stokol Tracy , Fubini Susan L. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the platelet activation response before and after treatment with clopidogrel in horses.
Animals—12 healthy adult mares.
Procedures—In a masked study, horses (6/group) were randomly allocated to alternately receive placebo or clopidogrel via nasogastric tube at a loading dose of 4 mg/kg followed by 2 mg/kg every 24 hours. Blood samples were collected before and 72 hours after initiation of treatment for ADP- and collagen-induced light transmission aggregometry; determination of closure time in collagen-ADP cartridges; modified thrombelastography for comparison of maximal amplitudes generated by kaolin, reptilase, and reptilase plus ADP activation; and flow cytometric tests to detect platelet fibrinogen binding, P-selectin expression, and phosphatidylserine externalization before and after ex vivo stimulation with thrombin, convulxin, thrombin with convulxin, and calcium ionophore.
Results—Clopidogrel administration induced a significant decrease in mean aggregation response to 5μM and 10μM ADP stimulation; however, 2 horses had resistance to clopidogrel's inhibitory action. Significant differences after clopidogrel treatment were not found in any other tests of platelet function.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Assays using commercially available reagents were configured to measure different variables of the platelet activation response; however, clopidogrel's platelet inhibitory action was only detected by ADP-induced light transmission aggregometry. Results also suggested that horses, like humans, have interindividual variability in response to clopidogrel that may influence the drug's clinical efficacy as an antiplatelet agent.
Assessment of left ventricular volumes by use of one-, two-, and three-dimensional echocardiography versus magnetic resonance imaging in healthy dogs
Authors: Meyer Judith , Wefstaedt Patrick , Dziallas Peter , Beyerbach Martin , Nolte Ingo , Hungerbühler Stephan O. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Objective—To quantify left ventricle (LV) volumes by use of 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D echocardiography versus MRI in dogs.
Animals—10 healthy Beagles.
Procedures—During anesthesia, each dog underwent an echocardiographic examination via the Teichholz method, performed on the basis of standard M-mode frames (1-D); the monoplane Simpson method of disk (via 2-D loops); real-time triplane echocardiography (RTTPE) with a 3-D probe; and real-time 3-D echocardiography with a 3-D probe. Afterward, cardiac MRI was performed. Values for the LV end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and ejection fraction (EF) were compared between each echocardiographic method and the reference method (cardiac MRI).
Results—No significant differences for EDV, ESV, and EF were detected between RTTPE and cardiac MRI. Excellent correlations (r = 0.97, 0.98, and 0.95 for EDV, ESV, and EF, respectively) were found between RTTPE and values for cardiac MRI. The other echocardiographic methods yielded values significantly different from cardiac MRI and results correlated less well with results of cardiac MRI for EDV, ESV, and EF. Use of the Teichholz method resulted in LV volume overestimation, whereas the Simpson method of disk and real-time 3-D echocardiography significantly underestimated LV volumes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of RTTPE yielded excellent correlations and nonsignificant differences with cardiac MRI and is a suitable method for routine veterinary cardiac examination.
Effects of exercise on markers of venous remodeling in lungs of horses
Authors: Stack Alice , Derksen Frederik J. , Sordillo Lorraine M. , Williams Kurt J. , Stick John A. , Brandenberger Christina , Steibel Juan P. , Robinson N. Edward 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of 2 weeks of intense exercise on expression of markers of pulmonary venous remodeling in the caudodorsal and cranioventral regions of the lungs of horses.
Animals—6 horses.
Procedures—Tissue samples of the caudodorsal and cranioventral regions of lungs were obtained before and after conditioning and 2 weeks of intense exercise. Pulmonary veins were isolated, and a quantitative real-time PCR assay was used to determine mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and −9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and −2, collagen type I, tenascin-C, endothelin-1, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Protein expression of collagen (via morphometric analysis) and tenascin-C, TGF-β, and VEGF (via immunohistochemistry) was determined.
Results—Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage was detected in 2 horses after exercise. The mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and −9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, TGF-β, and VEGF was significantly lower in pulmonary veins obtained after exercise versus those obtained before exercise for both the caudodorsal and cranioventral regions of the lungs. Collagen content was significantly higher in tissue samples obtained from the caudodorsal regions of the lungs versus content in samples obtained from the cranioventral regions of the lungs both before and after exercise. Exercise did not alter protein expression of tenascin-C, TGF-β, or VEGF.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study indicated 2 weeks of intense exercise did not alter expression of marker genes in a manner expected to favor venous remodeling. Pulmonary venous remodeling is complex, and > 2 weeks of intense exercise may be required to induce such remodeling.
Qualitative and quantitative interpretation of computed tomography of the lungs in healthy neonatal foals
Authors: Lascola Kara M. , O'Brien Robert T. , Wilkins Pamela A. , Clark-Price DVM Stuart C. , Hartman Susan K. , Mitchell Mark A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Objective—To qualitatively describe lung CT images obtained from sedated healthy equine neonates (≤ 14 days of age), use quantitative analysis of CT images to characterize attenuation and distribution of gas and tissue volumes within the lungs, and identify differences between lung characteristics of foals ≤ 7 days of age and foals > 7 days of age.
Animals—10 Standardbred foals between 2.5 and 13 days of age.
Procedures—Foals were sedated with butorphanol, midazolam, and propofol and positioned in sternal recumbency for thoracic CT. Image analysis software was used to exclude lung from nonlung structures. Lung attenuation was measured in Hounsfield units (HU) for analysis of whole lung and regional changes in attenuation and lung gas and tissue components. Degree of lung attenuation was classified as follows: hyperinflated or emphysema, −1,000 to −901 HU; well aerated, −900 to −501 HU; poorly aerated, −500 to −101 HU; and nonaerated, > −100 HU.
Results—Qualitative evidence of an increase in lung attenuation and patchy alveolar patterns in the ventral lung region were more pronounced in foals ≤ 7 days of age than in older foals. Quantitative analysis revealed that mean ± SD lung attenuation was greater in foals ≤ 7 days of age (−442 ± 28 HU) than in foals > 7 days of age (−521 ± 24 HU). Lung aeration and gas volumes were lower than in other regions ventrally and in the mid lung region caudal to the heart.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Identified radiographic patterns and changes in attenuation were most consistent with atelectasis and appeared more severe in foals ≤ 7 days of age than in older neonatal foals. Recognition of these changes may have implications for accurate CT interpretation in sedated neonatal foals with pulmonary disease.
Effects of oxygen insufflation rate, respiratory rate, and tidal volume on fraction of inspired oxygen in cadaveric canine heads attached to a lung model
Authors: Zimmerman Melina E. , Hodgson David S. , Bello Nora M. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Objective—To assess the effects of oxygen insufflation rate, respiratory rate, and tidal volume on fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) in cadaveric canine heads attached to a lung model.
Sample—16 heads of canine cadavers.
Procedures—Each cadaver head was instrumented with a nasal insufflation catheter through which oxygen was delivered. The trachea was attached to a sample collection port connected by means of corrugated tubing to a lung model. Eight treatment combinations that varied in respiratory rate (10 or 20 breaths/min), tidal volume (10 or 15 mL/kg), and oxygen insufflation rate (50 or 100 mL/kg/min) were applied to each head in a replicated Latin square design. Gas samples were manually collected, and inspired oxygen concentrations were analyzed. The Fio2 and end-tidal CO2 concentration were determined and compared among sample groups.
Results—Estimated least squares mean Fio2 for various treatment combinations ranged from 32.2% to 60.6%. The Fio2 was significantly increased at the higher insufflation rate (estimated marginal least squares mean, 48.7% vs 38.6% for 100 and 50 mL/kg/min, respectively), lower respiratory rate (48.9% vs 38.3% for 10 and 20 breaths/min, respectively), and smaller tidal volume (46.8% vs 40.0% for 10 and 15 mL/kg, respectively).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Fio2 in the model was affected by oxygen insufflation rate, respiratory rate, and tidal volume. This information may potentially help clinicians interpret results of blood gas analysis and manage canine patients receiving oxygen insufflation via a nasal catheter.
Awareness of Dental Health Checkup omong the Patients Attending at Selected Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Karim MM , Alif SM , Tarafder MA , Sharmin D , Khan MH 
Published: August 2013

This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted in selected hospital of Dhaka in order to find out the awareness of dental health check up among the patient in selected hospital in Dhaka city. The study was conducted from September to December 2011 with sample of 150. Results revealed that there is a huge difference between the awareness and practice on oral hygiene. The study showed that most of the respondents are in between 30-39 years of age (39.3%), 22.7% in 20-29 years of age, only very few 0.7% in > 70 years of age with mean age 35.75 + 12.03. Among the respondents 34.7% are housewife, service holder 28%, business 15.3% and others are 22%. Study also showed that 65.3% brushes their teeth once daily and 34.7% in twice daily, 52% brushes only before breakfast, 18.7% before breakfast and before go to bed, 15.3% after breakfast and before go to bed, 12% only after breakfast and rest 2% only before go to bed. Among the respondents 38% visit to dentist more than 1 years for cleaning purpose, 28.7% visit after 1 year, 23.3% visit within 6 months to 1 year and very few only 10% visit before 6 months. Most of the respondent about 66% knows that consumption of sweet food can cause caries and rest 34% have no idea. About 40% feels the necessity of visiting dental surgeon after 1 year, 28% feels the time is after 6 months, 17.3% feels that more than 1 year and 14.1% have no idea. There is statistically highly significant association between the age of the respondent and the material used for cleaning teeth , sex of the respondent and habit of taking tobacco in both association (P = 0.000). Another statistically highly significant association between occupation of the respondent and habit of taking tobacco and also between age of the patient and habit of chewing areca nut and lime (P = 0.000), between frequency of cleaning teeth and monthly income of the respondent (P = 0.050). Another statistically significant association between age of the respondent and knowledge about sweet food can cause dental caries where (P = 0.023). and between monthly income of the respondent and knowledge about sweet food can cause dental caries (P = 0.013). From the study results it is revealed that only 30-39 years old patients aware about dental health check up, most of patient brushes their teeth only before breakfast, visit to dental surgeon visit to dentist more than 1 years for cleaning purpose, and feels the necessity of visiting dental surgeon after 1 year, So, it is necessary for everyone to attain dental health checkups to look at the health of mouth, find existing problems and discuss planned treatments. It helps to take further steps to minimize future problems of the oral cavity.DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3329/bjdre.v2i2.16244 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.2(2) 2012: 47-51
DVD Training for Depression Identification and Treatment in Older Adults: A Two-Group, Randomized, Wait-List Control Study
Authors: Lysack Cathy , Leach Carrie , Russo Theresa , Paulson Daniel , Lichtenberg Peter A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To test the effectiveness of an educational intervention aimed at improving mental health knowledge and skills in occupational therapists working with older rehabilitation patients.
METHOD. The DVD-format educational intervention was evaluated using a two-group randomized wait-list control design. Occupational therapists (n = 75) completed a 32-item knowledge questionnaire at three time points. Patient charts were reviewed (n = 960) at 3 months before and 3 and 6 months after DVD training to evaluate clinical practice change.
RESULTS. A two-way analysis of variance showed knowledge scores increased significantly for both groups after DVD training. A significant Group × Time interaction and significant main effects for time and group were found. Chart review data also showed significant increases in desired clinical behaviors in both groups after training. The greatest single item of clinical practice change was use of a standardized depression screen.
CONCLUSION. DVD-based training can significantly improve mental health practice.
Reducing Cognitive Load While Teaching Complex Instruction to Occupational Therapy Students
Authors: Pociask Fredrick D. , DiZazzo-Miller Rosanne , Samuel Preethy S. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Cognitive load theory is a field of research used to improve the learning of complex cognitive tasks by matching instruction to the learner’s cognitive architecture. We used an experimental posttest control-group design to test the effectiveness of instruction designed to reduce cognitive load (CL) and improve instructional effectiveness in teaching complex instruction to 24 first-year master’s students under authentic classroom conditions. We modified historically taught instruction using an isolated-to-interacting-elements sequencing approach intended to reduce high CL levels. We compared control and modified instructional formats using written assessment scores, subjective ratings of CL, and task completion times. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for postinstruction, posttest CL ratings, and delayed written posttest scores (p &lt; .05). No significant differences were identified for posttest completion times. Findings suggest that this approach can be used to improve instructional efficiency in teaching human locomotion to occupational therapy students.
Occupational Therapy Based on Ayres Sensory Integration in the Treatment of Retentive Fecal Incontinence in a 3-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Bellefeuille Isabelle Beaudry , Schaaf Roseann C. , Polo Eduardo Ramos 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We present the case report of a 3-yr-old boy with retentive fecal incontinence and sensory overresponsivity. Sensory integration theory was used to address the overresponsivity affecting the child’s ability to acquire age-appropriate toileting habits. We describe the 7 mo of treatment and 3 mo of follow-up in occupational therapy.
METHOD. We analyzed a retrospective chart review of daily defecation log outcome data and parent interview.
RESULTS. Notable improvements in acquiring age-appropriate toileting habits were documented and measured using daily defecation logs. Improvements in sensory processing were documented using the Sensory Profile and corroborated improvements in the child’s ability to participate in toileting routines and parent report of improved quality of life.
CONCLUSION. Occupational therapy using Ayres Sensory Integration® was a useful framework for addressing this child’s toileting habits. This case explicates occupational therapy using data-driven intervention principles to address the relationship among sensory processing, behavior, and occupational performance.
Observed Recovery Sequence in Neurobehavioral Function After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Lannin Natasha A. , Cusick Anne , McLachlan Robyn , Allaous Jeanine 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The Western Neuro Sensory Stimulation Profile (WNSSP) presents a hierarchy of items suggestive of a sequence of recovery. The aim of this study was to understand the sequence of recovery of neurobehavioral function in patients with brain injury and determine whether this sequence was consistent with the WNSSP test item order.
METHOD. We conducted a retrospective clinical chart audit of 37 adult inpatients (mean age = 29 yr; 31 men, 6 women) with a diagnosis of traumatic brain injury and a minimum of two medical record entries on the WNSSP. The sequence of recovery was statistically derived from the content and structure of the WNSSP.
RESULTS. Our analysis did not support the current item ordering of the WNSSP as a function of the sequence of recovery from coma, with the exception of the Arousal/Attention subscale.
CONCLUSION. WNSSP item performance suggested a sequence of recovery; clinicians may consider a revised item order that reflects this observed order.