bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving young patient – practitioner communication about sexual health during medical visits
Authors: Beznos Bethany , Collins Brendan , Tak Casey , Catalano Hannah , Garcia Nacire , Sleath Betsy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Young people face barriers that lead to gaps in sexual and reproductive health care communications. Issues such as discomfort discussing sexual health lead to inadequate delivery of services resulting in unintended pregnancies and STIs. Closing this communication gap between patients and health care practitioners would improve communication and health outcomes. The objective of this study was to gain feedback from focus groups about: (a) barriers and facilitators to communication surrounding sexual health and (b) the feasibility and acceptability of a question prompt list (QPL) and informational video emphasizing asking questions about sexual health during medical visits as tools young people could use to be more involved during visits.

Methods
Three focus groups were conducted: two with young adults (n=14) and one with practitioners (n=5) of sexual/reproductive health care services. Practitioners were recruited from healthcare clinics.

Results
Young adults were aged 18–22 years old. Participants identified barriers to communication such as embarrassment over sexual health topics and practitioner assumptions about patients’ base of knowledge. A facilitator to communication was patient-friendly language. Focus group participants offered suggestions on how to improve the QPL as well as themes that should be covered in an educational video. Participants viewed the QPL and educational video as useful for encouraging conversations between patient and practitioner.

Conclusions
Many barriers obstruct communication between young adults and practitioners on topics relating to sexual health. Both the QPL and an educational video could be used to enhance patient-practitioner communication.
Effect of inlet water vapor mass fraction on flow characteristics in Laval nozzle
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhai Zhenhua , Chen Jiansheng , Chen Guanghui , Gao Fei , Dong Jipeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Laval nozzle is an important component of the supersonic cyclone to achieve the change of gas–liquid two-phase, and the condensation characteristics of the Laval nozzle have an important influence on the separation performance of the supersonic cyclone. In this work, the effect of inlet water vapor mass fraction on the condensation characteristics in the Laval nozzle was investigated using numerical simulation and experimental methods by establishing a three-dimensional numerical model of air-water vapor supersonic condensation flow. The flow field structures in the Laval nozzle under different inlet water vapor mass fractions were investigated, including Mach number, pressure, and temperature and the effects of the inlet water vapor mass fraction on the liquefaction characteristics in the Laval nozzle were investigated. In addition, the droplet distribution in the Laval nozzle were also tested by a particle image velocimetry (PIV) experimental system. The comparison of simulation and experimental results indicates that the numerical model established in this work can effectively describe the real flow situation in the Laval nozzle. The results show that the inlet water vapor mass fraction has a little effect on the flow field structure in the Laval nozzle, and has the significant impact on the water vapor condensation characteristics. With increasing the inlet steam mass fraction from 5 % to 12.5 %, the nucleation rate, droplet number, and separation efficiency in the Laval nozzle increase to 4.05 × 1021 kg−1 s−1, 3.67 × 1014 kg−1, and 79.4 %, respectively, and when further increasing the inlet steam mass fraction to 15 %, these parameters decrease.
Protection strategy for fault detection in AC microgrid based on MVMD & differential CUSUM
Authors: Abhisek Akash , Biswal Chinmayee , Rout Pravat Kumar , Panda Gayadhar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the era of smart grids and microgrids, the transformation of the traditional grid system brings many operational, technical, and economic benefits. However, the complexity of the network due to the integration of various distributed generations (DGs), continuous change of topology, and non-linear load make fault detection a major issue that forces power engineers to focus on. In this paper, a novel fault detection scheme is suggested based on the multivariate variational mode decomposition mode (MVMD) and differential cumulative sum (DCUSUM). As a generalized extension of the original variational mode decomposition (VMD) algorithm for multivariate data residing in multidimensional spaces, the main goal of MVMD is to decompose the input signal into different band-limited intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Due to the inherent characteristics of being insensitive to noise and very effective in decomposing the local features even with similar frequencies, it is very effective for fault detection in microgrid distribution systems. The proposed DCUSUM algorithm computes the differential cumulative energy for the remaining significant modes. A fault detection index is considered in this approach and applied for fault detection by adaptively through the threshold setting to accurately result in fault detection. To justify the proposed approach, a standard AC microgrid test system is considered and the approach is verified for fault detection under various fault conditions and resistances. The obtained results and the comparative analysis with other methods reflect the better accuracy, robustness, and reliability of the proposed approach.
Effects of the German Minimum Wage on Wages and Household Income
Authors: Pusch Toralf 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article examines the effects of the introduction of the statutory minimum wage on the distribution of individual income from wages, as well as gross and net means-weighted income of workers in Germany. For the first time, data from the Survey of Income and Consumption was used, in which incomes are recorded in great detail. Both descriptive findings and the results of Unconditional Quantile Regressions indicate that the incomes of workers in regions with a high level of minimum wage intervention experienced significant increases after the introduction of the minimum wage, ranging into the middle band of the income distribution. Accordingly, the minimum wage has positively influenced the incomes of a large number of employee households.
Homeomorphism types of the Bowditch boundaries of infinite-ended relatively hyperbolic groups
Authors: Tomar Ravi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
For

n
≥
2

n\geq 2

, let

G
1

=

A
1

∗
⋯
∗

A
n

G_{1}=A_{1}\ast\dots\ast A_{n}

and

G
2

=

B
1

∗
⋯
∗

B
n

G_{2}=B_{1}\ast\dots\ast B_{n}

where the

A
i

A_{i}

’s and

B
i

B_{i}

’s are non-elementary relatively hyperbolic groups.
Suppose that, for

1
≤
i
≤
n

1\leq i\leq n

, the Bowditch boundary of

A
i

A_{i}

is homeomorphic to the Bowditch boundary of

B
i

B_{i}

.
We show that the Bowditch boundary of

G
1

G_{1}

is homeomorphic to the Bowditch boundary of

G
2

G_{2}

.
We generalize this result to graphs of relatively hyperbolic groups with finite edge groups.
This extends Martin–Świątkowski’s work in the context of relatively hyperbolic groups.
Readability and Suitability of Local Disaster Preparedness Materials in Predominantly Hispanic Border Communities: A Case Study of Cameron County, Texas
Authors: Sepielak Katarzyna , Wladyka Dawid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Community awareness is a key component of disaster resilience and numerous agencies developed a plethora of preparedness materials. Previous studies evaluated national-level resources and social media content indicating that these efforts are not effectively reaching vulnerable populations, as the information is provided at or above the secondary education level. However, the local-specific content has been mostly overlooked in the analyses, subsequently neglecting the needs of areas with specific demographics and hazards, like predominantly Hispanic border communities. Thus, this study turns to local preparedness and mitigation materials, rather than general internet searches or national level documents. We analyze information provided on 239 webpages of local authorities in Cameron county in the southernmost tip of Texas. We evaluate: 1) the availability of languages and visual materials, 2) the reading difficulty level, and 3) the suitability of content. Our results demonstrate the lack of suitable and readable information provided on the local authorities’ websites with the average readability level implying “difficult” to “very confusing”, and the average suitability score equivalent to “below average/adequate”. Moreover, the lack of Spanish-language content indicates an under-utilization of the otherwise vernacular language. We discuss those results in the socio-cultural context of the border community.
Between Here and There. The Role of Social Entrepreneurship in Restoring the Supply Chain of Face Masks During the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Boersma Kees , Larruina Robert 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs a cross-border, transboundary crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic affected societies worldwide, compromising socio-technical systems across geographical, judicial, and administrative borders. The outbreak can be considered a health crisis, but due to the measures taken to control the spread of the virus, it also exposed the global medical supply chain’s vulnerability. Formal authorities struggling to restore the supply chain caused serious problems in the crisis response as the supply of vital medical equipment was scrutinized. However, unexpected allies including social entrepreneurial initiatives provided bottom-up solutions to restore the broken supply chain. This paper seeks to bring attention to how social entrepreneurs respond to a crisis alongside the formal crisis governance system and generate resources related to product development and logistics. By presenting a case study about how Refugee Company’s “Mondmaskerfabriek” (Face Mask Factory) engaged with the cross-border dimension of the COVID-19 crisis, we show how a social enterprise was able to establish a supply chain and domestically produce personal protection equipment. As the article shows, both crisis management scholars and policy makers should pay more attention to the potential of social entrepreneurial activities during crisis.
Künstliche Intelligenz im Strafvollzug: Zulässigkeit, Bedarf und Ethik multimodaler Überwachung im Kontext der österreichischen Justiz
Authors: Rothmann Robert , Mayer Elisabeth 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der Analyse multimodaler KI-Anwendungen im Strafvollzug zur Erkennung von selbst- und fremdgefährdendem Verhalten. Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchung ist ein entsprechendes Forschungsprojekt, das jüngst in österreichischen Justizanstalten durchgeführt wurde. In der Abhandlung der Thematik wird zunächst eine Beschreibung der Technologie vorgenommen und die damit verbundene Zielsetzung erläutert. Darauf aufbauend erfolgt eine Prüfung der rechtlichen Zulässigkeit, in welcher auf datenschutzrechtliche Aspekte ebenso Bezug genommen wird wie auf die spezifischen Vorgaben des österreichischen Strafvollzuggesetzes und den aktuellen Entwurf einer Verordnung zur Regulierung von KI auf europäischer Ebene. Darüber hinaus wird der praktische Bedarf des Technologieeinsatzes analysiert, wobei sich die Überlegungen auf empirische Einblicke und Gespräche in den Vollzugsanstalten stützen. Die Analyse mündet in einer interdisziplinären Diskussion der Verhältnismäßigkeit des Technologieeinsatzes sowie damit verbundenen ethischen Abwägungen in Bezug auf die Menschenwürde.
Inverse design of color routers in CMOS image sensors: toward minimizing interpixel crosstalk
Authors: Lee Sangbin , Hong Jaehyun , Kang Joonho , Park Junjeong , Lim Jaesung , Lee Taeho , Jang Min Seok , Chung Haejun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Over the past decade, significant advancements in high-resolution imaging technology have been driven by the miniaturization of pixels within image sensors. However, this reduction in pixel size to submicrometer dimensions has led to decreased efficiency in color filters and microlens arrays. The development of color routers that operate at visible wavelengths presents a promising avenue for further miniaturization. Despite this, existing color routers often encounter severe interpixel crosstalk, around 70 %, due to the reliance on periodic boundary conditions. Here, we present interpixel crosstalk-minimized color routers that achieve an unprecedented in-pixel optical efficiency of 87.2 % and significantly reduce interpixel crosstalk to 2.6 %. The color routers are designed through adjoint optimization, incorporating customized incident waves to minimize interpixel crosstalks. Our findings suggest that our color router design surpasses existing color routing techniques in terms of in-pixel optical efficiency, representing a crucial step forward in the push toward commercializing the next generation of solid-state image sensors.
Effect of cellulose derivatives on crystallization and mechanical properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)
Authors: Chen Jianxiang , Deng Liqiang , Gong Shentao , Yang Runmiao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this work, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) was modified by cellulose derivatives, and the effects of different kinds of cellulose derivatives on the crystallization and mechanical properties of PHBV were investigated. The crystallization and mechanical properties of PHBV/cellulose derivatives composites were measured by means of differential scanning calorimeter, polarizing microscope, and mechanical properties testing instruments. Studies show that cellulose acetate (CA) can promote the crystallization of PHBV, a small amount of CA can significantly increase the crystallization temperature of PHBV. The crystallization rate of PHBV was also accelerated by CA. However, the addition of cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) decreased the crystallization temperature of PHBV and inhibited the nucleation of PHBV. And the degree of inhibition increased with the increase of CAB and CAP content. CAB and CAP have good compatibility with PHBV, CAB, and CAP can be uniformly dispersed in PHBV. Cellulose derivatives with specific component content can enhance the tensile properties of PHBV without losing the impact strength.
Epigenetics in thyroid cancer: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Li Hui , Wu Peng 
Published: July 2024

Background
Epigenetics, which involves regulatory modifications that do not alter the DNA sequence itself, is crucial in the development and progression of thyroid cancer. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the epigenetic research landscape in thyroid cancer, highlighting current trends, major research areas, and potential future directions.

Methods
A bibliometric analysis was performed using data from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) up to 1 November 2023. Analytical tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package ‘bibliometrix’ were employed for comprehensive data analysis and visualization. This process identified principal research themes, along with influential authors, institutions, and countries contributing to the field.

Results
The analysis reveals a marked increase in thyroid cancer epigenetics research over the past two decades. Emergent key themes include the exploration of molecular mechanisms and biomarkers, various subtypes of thyroid cancer, implications for therapeutic interventions, advancements in technologies and methodologies, and the scope of translational research. Research hotspots within these themes highlight intensive areas of study and the potential for significant breakthroughs.

Conclusion
This study presents an in-depth overview of the current state of epigenetics in thyroid cancer research. It underscores the potential of epigenetic strategies as viable therapeutic options and provides valuable insights for researchers and clinicians in advancing the understanding and treatment of this complex disease. Future research is vital to fully leverage the therapeutic possibilities offered by epigenetics in the management of thyroid cancer.
Induction of the intestinal membrane transporters ABCA1 and ABCG8 by 27-hydroxycholesterol through a redox mechanism
Authors: Iaia Noemi , Leoni Valerio , Poli Giuseppe , Biasi Fiorella 
Published: July 2024

Graphical abstract

Redox-induction of expression and synthesis of ATP binding cassette transporters in CaCo-2 cells by externally added 27-hydroxycholesterol.
27OHC: 27-hydroxycholesterol; NOX: NADPH oxidase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; ABCA1: ATP binding cassette A1; ABCG8: ATP binding cassette G8; DPI: diphenylene iodonium.

Abstract

Objective
We tested the effect of 27-hydroxycholesterol (27OHC) on the expression and synthesis of two membrane transporters involved in sterols extrusion from the intestinal epithelium into the gut lumen: ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) and G8 (ABCG8). Special attention was given to ABCG8, a key player in the intestinal cell discharge of plant sterols.

Methods
Differentiated CaCo-2 intestinal cells were supplemented with 27OHC, and added to the cell incubation medium at a final concentration of 1 or 5 µM. These 27OHC externally added amounts were proven to reach intracellular oxysterol levels within the range of those normally recovered in the human peripheral blood.

Results
An up-regulation of the ABCA1 and ABCG8 mRNAs was observed in the CaCo-2 cells supplemented with 27OHC. Moreover, both 1 µM and 5 µM 27OHC induced a net, and steady, statistically significant, increase of both ABCA1 and ABCG8 protein levels. Of interest, the cellular pre-treatment with diphenylene iodonium, a selective inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, i.e. a major intracellular source of reactive oxygen species, fully inhibited the 27OHC enhancement of both ABCA1 and ABCG8 protein synthesis.

Conclusion
This in vitro study shows for the first time that the addition of 27OHC to intestinal epithelial cells up-regulates ABCG8, the transporter discharging plant sterols into the gut lumen, besides confirming to induce ABCA1 as well. Importantly, the 27OHC-dependent up-regulation of the two transporters appears to involve a redox mechanism rather than the canonical liver-X-receptors-dependent pathway.

Significance statement
The 27OHC introduced with the diet might modulate the plant sterol extrusion in the gut, in parallel with that of cholesterol.
Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) Scale: a Multicenter Validation Study of the Psychometric Properties of the Approved Russian Version
Authors: Piradov M. A. , Suponeva N. A. , Yatsko K. A. , Yusupova J. G. , Zimin A. A. , Legostaeva L. A. , Yazeva E. G. , Domashenko M. A. , Samorukov V. Y. , Belkin A. A. , Kondratieva E. A. , Kondratiev S. A. , Ramazanov G. R. , Kovaleva E. A. , Popugaev K. A. , Petrikov S. S. , Ryabinkina Yu. V. 
Published: July 2024

Assessment of the individual level of consciousness on admission of a patient with brain injury to the intensive care unit (ICU) is a priority task and a mandatory step in the overall assessment of neurological status. The Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) scale, developed at the Mayo Clinic (USA) in 2005, is a widely used tool for comprehensive assessment of patients with altered state of consciousness. The lack of a validated Russian-language version of the FOUR scale has hindered its widespread use in clinical practice. Therefore, the official Russian version of the FOUR scale was developed and adapted for use in Russia after the first stage of the validation study (linguistic and cultural adaptation).Aim. To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Russian version of the FOUR scale for comprehensive assessment of patients in altered state of consciousness.Materials and Methods. As part of a prospective multicenter validation study, the psychometric properties of the scale (reliability, validity, and sensitivity) were evaluated in a group of 171 adult patients with altered conscious state of various etiologies, such as ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, neuroinflammatory conditions, and traumatic brain injury. Patients’ responses were assessed on the first day of ICU stay and 2-3 days later by two ICU neurologists with at least three years of experience.Results. High levels of validity and reliability were obtained for the Russian version of the FOUR scale for comprehensive assessment of unresponsive patients, including Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient r=0.99 (P<0.0001), Cohen’s κ=0.77 (P<0.001), Cronbach’s α=0.87 (P<0.0001). Regarding the sensitivity of the FOUR scale, no significant changes were found after comprehensive assessment of unresponsive patients on day 1 in the ICU and 2-3 days later (Wilcoxon test, P=0.906). There was a good correlation between the FOUR and Glasgow Coma Scale scores used to assess patients with altered state of consciousness, confirming the validity of the test with r=0.91 (P<0.0001).Conclusion. The Russian version of the FOUR scale for comprehensive assessment of unresponsive patients is a valid, reliable, and sensitive clinical tool. Sufficiently verified level of psychometric properties allows its authorized use in Russia and other Russian-speaking countries. The scale is available for download via QR code and at the website of the International Scales and Questionnaires Validation Group at the Scientific Center of Neurology.
Sosnovskio barščio (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) paplitimas ir kontrolė Klaipėdos rajone
Authors: Markaitytė Eglė 
Published: July 2024

Kiekvienais metais yra užregistruojama naujų nepageidaujamų augalų augimviečių. Lietuvoje labiausiai žinomas invazinis augalas – Sosnovskio barštis (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) – yra paplitęs ir Klaipėdos rajone. Jo gausūs sąžalynai pakeičia augalų bendrijų rūšių struktūrą, ypač pievų buveinėse. Be to, šis augalas kelia grėsmę žmonių sveikatai bei kenkia ūkiniams gyvūnams. Lietuvoje Sosnovskio barštis masiškai naikinamas, visgi pasirinktas tinkamas kontrolės būdas galėtų užtikrinti ilgalaikį rezultatą, kuris neleistų šiam augalui plisti. Straipsnyje pristatomo tyrimo tikslas – palyginti Sosnovskio barščio naikinimo Klaipėdos r. savivaldybės teritorijose rezultatus: vienose jų trejus metus Sosnovskio barštis buvo intensyviai naikintas, o kitose – tik vykdyta minimali šio invazinio augalo kontrolė. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad Sosnovskio barščio naikinimas mechaniniais ir cheminiais metodais yra efektyvesnis nei tik invazinio augalo šienavimas. Pateiktos rekomendacijos leis atidžiau rinktis kontrolės priemones Sosnovskio barščio plitimo rizikai sumažinti.