bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carotenoid Pigments of Genus Rhodococcus
Authors: Ichiyama Satoshi , Shimokata Kaoru , Tsukamura Michio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA study of carotenoid pigments of the genus Rhodococcus was carried out. According to carotenes contained, Rhodococcus species were divided into three groups: the first group of Rhodococcus luteus, R. coprophilus, R. lentifragmentus, and R. maris, which formed β‐carotene; the second group of R. equi, R. rubropertinctus, R. aichiensis, R. sputi, R. chubuensis, R. obuensis, R. bronchialis, R. roseus, R. rhodochrous, R. rhodnii, and R. terrae, which formed γ‐carotene‐like substance; and the third group of R. aurantiacus, which formed neither carotene. Other carotenoid pigments were different according to the species.
Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against Human Parvovirus B19
Authors: Yaegashi Nobuo , Tada Kohtaro , Shiraishi Hiroyuki , Ishii Takehisa , Nagata Kinnya , Sugamura Kazuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEleven hybridoma cell lines producing mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human parvovirus B19 were established. Their specificity was as follows. Approximately 5% of fetal erythroid cells inoculated with B19 reacted with all the mAbs and with anti‐B19 positive human serum, but not with negative serum by indirect double immunofluorescence staining. All the mAbs recognized both VP‐1 (84 kDa) and VP‐2 (58 kDa) capsid proteins of B19 virions propagated in vitro and in vivo by Western blotting, and immunoprecipitated B19 virions.
A Sensitive IL‐1 Thymocyte Co‐Stimulator Assay Using a Novel β‐D‐Galactoside Specific Lectin from the Beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma
Authors: Sakai Yasuko , Kimura Seishi , Yamashita Takao , Umetsu Kazuo , Suzuki Tsuneo , Sendo Fujiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA sensitive thymocyte co‐stimulator assay of IL‐1 using a β‐d‐galactoside specific lectin (allo A) obtained from the beetle (Allomyrina dichotoma) is reported here. Allo A stimulated [3H]thymidine uptake of mouse thymocytes in the presence of IL‐1. The allo A assay was more sensitive than the PHA or PNA− thymocyte assay, especially at low doses of IL‐1. Optimal conditions for the allo A assay were as follows: allo A, 2.5–5.0 μg/ml; whole thymocytes, 0.5–1.0 × 106 cells/well; incubation time, 72–96 hr. The assay is sensitive and convenient and can easily be performed in any laboratory.
Protective Role of Human Antibody to the Fusion Protein of Measles Virus
Authors: Sato Takeshi A. , Kohama Tomoaki , Sugiura Akira 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAbsorption of a pooled human gamma globulin preparation with acetone‐treated measles virus‐infected cells removed all antibodies to measles virus antigens except a portion of the antibody to the fusion (F) protein. The residual anti‐F antibody had hemolysis‐inhibiting and virus‐neutralizing activities, inhibited spread of infection through cell fusion, and was effective in protection of passively immunized mice from fatal measles encephalitis, providing evidence for the protective role of human antibody to the F protein of measles virus.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Hybridization Studies of Exophiala dermatitidis and Exophiala jeanselmei
Authors: Masuda Mitsugi , Naka Wataru , Tajima Shingo , Harada Takashi , Nishikawa Takeji , Kaufman Leo , Standard Paul 
Published: November 2013

AbstractExophiala dermatitidis and Exophiala jeanselmei share similar morphological features and have been confused with each other. To clarify the relationship between the two fungi, we conducted a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)‐DNA hybridization study using a dot blot method. Between E. dermatitidis and E. jeanselmei, only a very low level of DNA relatedness was seen and it was confirmed that these two fungi are distinct species based on DNA similarity. Close correspondence of DNA from the isolates of E. dermatitidis was obtained, whereas the isolates of E. jeanselmei were divided into 6 groups according to their DNA similarity and a possibility was shown that E. jeanselmei is composed of genetically heterogeneous groups. The subdivision of the species E. jeanselmei by the DNA‐DNA hybridization method was in agreement with serotyping exoantigens. This result suggests that DNA‐DNA hybridization studies provide an excellent tool for the identification and grouping of pathogenic dematiaceous fungi.
Regulation of Thymidine Kinase Activity in Mouse L Cells Biochemically Transformed by Varicella‐Zoster Virus
Authors: Shiraki Kimiyasu , Mori Hiroyuki , Hayakawa Yasuhiko , Yamanishi Koichi , Takahashi Michiaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRegulation of thymidine kinase (TK) activity was examined in L(O)c133 and L(H3) cells carrying varicella‐zoster virus‐TK gene. TK activity of L(O)c133 cells was similarly high in either medium but that of L(H3) cells was high in HAT medium and low in non‐HAT medium. Cell growth was well correlated with TK activities of L(O)c133 and L(H3) cells in medium conditions. Regulation of the TK gene in L cells carrying the VZV‐TK gene is discussed.
Altered Virulence of a Pleiotropic Staphylococcus aureus Mutant with a Low Producibility of Coagulase and Other Factors in Mice
Authors: Seki Keiko , Ogasawara Masami , Sakurada Junji , Murai Miyo , Masuda Shogo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe virulence of a pleiotropic Staphylococcus aureus mutant with an extremely low producibility of coagulase and other factors was investigated in mouse. A mutant strain, designated as CL‐1, showed the same LD50 and the same intrarenal proliferation as its parental strain, when the mutant organisms were inoculated in mice in high doses. The mutant organisms, however, showed a diminished intrarenal proliferation compared with its parental organisms in low doses. This mutant strain expressed a pleiotropic phenotype such as a concomitant reduction in the producibility of coagulase, α‐toxin, and Panton‐Valentine leucocidin. The total effect due to the reduction in producibility of various factors on the virulence of the mutant strain was investigated with studies on the bacterial resistance to the phagocytic activity of leucocytes. A possible role of coagulase and that of some other staphylococcal exoproteins in the pathogenesis of S. aureus were discussed.
Characteristics of Macrophage Activation by Gamma Interferon for Tumor Cytotoxicity in Peritoneal Macrophages and Macrophage Cell Line J774.1
Authors: Miyakawa Yozo , Kagaya Keiko , Watanabe Koji , Fukazawa Yoshimura 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe investigated the characteristics of macrophage‐mediated tumor cytotoxicity (MTC) against Meth A target, H2O2 generation and release of effector molecule(s) for MTC, by comparing with those of peritoneal macrophages (PMP) and macrophage cell line J774.1 during stimulation with recombinant gamma interferon (IFN‐γ). In PMP, MTC was demonstrated when they were stimulated with IFN‐γ for 12 hr (short‐term stimulation) and was abrogated when they were stimulated for 48 hr (long‐term stimulation). Enhanced H2O2 generation was observed in PMP activated by long‐term stimulation followed by triggering with PMA, but not observed by triggering with Meth A cells. By contrast, whereas non‐treated J774.1 cells have already attained a definite level of MTC, a higher MTC level was demonstrated both by short‐ and long‐term stimulations. Conversely, J774.1 cells were unable to generate H2O2 at any stage of IFN‐γ stimulation followed by triggering both with PMA or Meth A cells. The time course for stimulation of PMP by IFN‐γ for release of cytotoxic factor (CF) corresponded to that for MTC by PMP, and activities of the CF released from both activated PMP and J774.1 cells also closely corresponded to those of MTC by both cells. The serological and physicochemical characteristics of CF released from both activated PMP and J774.1 cells were determined to be closely related to those of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). These results indicate that in contrast to PMP, the J774.1 cell line is free from suppression stage for MTC and CF release during stimulation with IFN‐γ. The results suggest that TNF‐like CF plays a crucial role for MTC against Meth A target, and that H2O2 is irrelevant for MTC against Meth A.
An Application of Monoclonal Antibodies to Identification of Leptospires of Serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae Found in China
Authors: Wan‐He Zhang , Xiu‐Fen Bai , Di‐Kai Nie , Qing‐Dong Deng 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFor the purpose of improving the procedures of identification of leptospires, a set of 5 monoclonal antibodies with different serological reactivity against serovars of Leptospira interrogans Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup isolated in China was developed. One hundred and eight strains isolated from epidemic fields in 5 provinces in southern China were distinctly identified into 4 serovars of Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup by the monoclonal antibody procedure, i.e., 98 isolates were identified as serovar lai, 7 as icterohaemorrhagiae, 2 as copenhageni, and 1 as H2. Factor antiserum procedure was used at the same time as control for typing these strains and an identical result was obtained.
Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma pneumoniae Share a 67 Kilodalton Protein as a Main Cross‐Reactive Antigen
Authors: Sasaki Yuko , Shintani Miharu , Watanabe Haruo , Sasaki Tsuguo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIt was demonstrated that a 67 kilodalton (kDa) protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a main cross‐reactive antigen with similar molecular weight protein of Mycoplasma genitalium by Western blot analysis using monoclonal antibody to 67 kDa protein of M. pneumoniae and hyperimmune rabbit sera directed against each mycoplasma strain.
Transcriptional Control Plays an Important Role for the Production of Heat‐Labile Enterotoxin in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli of Human Origin
Authors: Katayama Sei‐Ichi , Ninomiya Masaki , Minami Junzaburo , Okabe Akinobu , Hayashi Hideo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe production of heat‐labile enterotoxin (LT) in 76 strains of human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) varied by a factor of 100. Three ETEC strains that differ in the levels of LT production were chosen for the cloning of LT genes (toxAB) into plasmid pBR322, and the gene structure and expression were compared in E. coli HB101. The recombinant of the low LT‐producing strain produced LT at the same level as that of the moderate LT‐producing strain, but that of the high‐level producer continued to produce at a level 14–21 times higher than the others. The restriction maps of the coding regions of the cloned LT genes (toxAB) were identical, but the flanking regions were dissimilar. The content of LT mRNA per cell, examined by Northern blot analysis, was higher in the high producer than the others by 6 times. The promoter strengths of the recombinants were all alike. LT mRNA of the high producer was more stable than that of the moderate one by 1.3 times, but the difference was not large enough to explain the difference of the content of LT mRNA. It was shown that LT production can be controlled at a transcriptional step, and DNA structure of the flanking regions may be involved in the control of the LT gene expression.
Influenza C Virus Infection in Rats
Authors: Takiguchi Kazuhiko , Tashiro Masato , Nakamura Kiyoto 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFour‐week‐old rats (WKA/Hkm strain) were infected intranasally with the Ann Arbor/1/50 strain of influenza C virus and examined for clinical symptoms, virus replication, and serum antibody response. Although the animals showed no definite signs of illness, the virus replicated in the nose, and the hemagglutination‐inhibiting (HI) and neutralizing antibodies were produced in their sera. When the inoculum sizes of 106.2 and 103.2 PFU were used, virus was recovered from nasal homogenates between days 1 and 10, and serum HI antibody became detectable by 10 days after infection. The rats infected with 101.2 PFU of the virus continued to shed virus until as late as day 20 without producing serum HI antibody. The amount of virus recovered from the nose was not affected significantly by either sex. age, or strain of the rat except that a slower virus growth was seen in the LE strain. It was also observed that the rats, previously inoculated with 103.2 PFU of the virus, showed no virus shedding when reinfected 7 weeks later but produced virus though in low titers when reinfected 50 to 55 weeks later. Virus was also recovered from rats once inoculated with 101.2 PFU of the virus when challenged 7 weeks later. Thus repeated infections characteristic of human influenza C can be produced in rats under the restricted conditions.
Isolation of Tumor‐Associated Antigen from Sera of Bovine Leukemia Virus‐Infected Cattle
Authors: Kitamura Ryuji , Onuma Misao , Kawakami Kazuo , Kirisawa Rikio , Kawakami Yoshimi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTumor‐associated antigens (TAA) expressed on the surface of enzootic bovine leukemia (EBL) cells were detected and separated from sera of bovine leukemia virus (BLV)‐positive cattle using monoclonal antibody‐conjugated immunoaffinity matrix. Eluted fraction from these sera showed 3 polypeptides with molecular weights of 70K, 52K, and 30K daltons, and these polypeptides reacted with a monoclonal antibody against TAA. However, only 70K peptide was isolated from culture supernatant of EBL B‐cell line. We also tried to examine a reversed passive hemagglutination test to develop a rapid screening system of serum TAA level, but its sensitivity was below the level of detection when EBL sera was applied directly. This is the first report on the existence of tumor antigens in sera from leukemic cattle.
Chemiluminescence Response of Human Phagocytes against IgG‐Opsonized Staphylococci with and without Protein A Activities
Authors: Yamada Sakuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effects of immunological IgG binding to Staphylococcus aureus and IgG binding via protein A on the chemiluminescence (CL) response of human phagocytes were examined. The results obtained by enzyme immunoassay showed a clear correlation between the magnitude of the CL response and amount of IgG on protein A‐deficient HL‐87 strain. Despite no difference in protein A activity between 209P and Cowan I strains, the CL response to IgG‐opsonized 209P cells was lower than that to Cowan I cells similarly opsonized. Moreover, the CL response to opsonized HL‐87 cells was identical with that of opsonized Cowan I cells, which was a protein A‐rich parent strain of the HL‐87. The protein A activity of Cowan I cells was significantly decreased when the cells were treated with the Fc fraction of IgG before opsonization, but such a treatment did not change the phagocytic CL response. These results strongly suggest that IgG bound to protein A via its Fc portion has no effect on the phagocytic CL response and that IgG immunologically bound to S. aureus is responsible for the opsonization of the bacteria.
Relationship between Mg2+‐Induced Hexagonal Assembly of R‐Form Lipopolysaccharides and Chemical Structure of Their R‐Cores
Authors: Kato Nobuo , Ohta Michio , Kido Nobuo , Ito Hideo , Naito Setsuko , Arakawa Yoshichika , Komatsu Takayuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe relationship between formation of the Mg2+‐induced hexagonal lattice structure by R‐form lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and chemical structure of their R‐cores was investigated using different kinds of R‐form LPS from a series of mutants of Salmonella minnesota or S. typhimurium. The optimal experimental condition for formation of the hexagonal lattice structure was to suspend LPS preparations, from which cationic material was removed by electrodialysis, in 50 mM tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane buffer at pH 8.5 containing 10 mM MgCl2. Under this experimental condition. Rb1 LPS formed the hexagonal lattice structure with the lattice constant of 14.0 + 0.2 nm. Ra LPS, which possesses the full length of R‐core, also formed the hexagonal lattice structure but its lattice constant was larger (18.1± 0.2 nm) than that of Rb1 LPS (the lattice structure by Ra LPS was looser than that by Rb1 LPS). All the other R‐form LPS preparations tested, RcP+, RcP‐, Rd1P‐. and Re LPS, whose R‐cores are shorter than that of Rb1 LPS, did not form the hexagonal lattice structure, but formed membranous structures showing various shapes which consisted of multiple bilaycr structures. Failure to form the hexagonal lattice structure was the common feature of these kinds of R‐form LPS irrespective of temperature at which the LPS suspensions in 10 mM MgCl2‐50 mM Tris buffer were incubated. From the results of the present study it was concluded that capability of R‐form LPS to form the hexagonal lattice structure has a close correlation with the chemical structure of their R‐cores.
Detection of Varicella‐Zoster Virus DNA by Field‐Inversion Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Arao Yujiro , Yoshida Mariko , Bat Zeng Liang , Kori Yoshifumi , Nakatsukasa Akihiro , Takei Yoji , Aoji Katsuya , Yamada Masao , Uno Fumio , Miyoshi Kaoru , Nii Shiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA new method for detection of varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) DNA using field‐inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE) was devised. VZV‐genomie DNA could be differentiated from the host cell DNA of human embryonic lung (HEL) fibroblasts infected with VZV under electrophoretic conditions allowing resolution of linear and double‐stranded DNAs in the 49–230 kilobase pairs (Kb) range. The detection of VZV‐genomic DNA from infected HEL cells was successful regardless of whether the VZV was a laboratory strain, live vaccine strain, or fresh isolate. Under the same electrophoretic conditions, DNA of VZV‐infected HEL cells could be clearly differentiated from DNA obtained from HEL cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1), type 2 (HSV‐2), or human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Furthermore, VZV genomic DNA could be detected from as small a sample as 1.9 × 104 VZV‐infected HEL cells. Finally, we could detect VZV genomic DNA from 10 samples of vesicle tissue (blister lids, each about 1‐4 mm2) and one sample of vesicle fluid (about 5 μl) obtained from patients diagnosed as having herpes‐zoster. The results of this study indicate that FIGE is a simple and promising method for the detection of VZV from clinical materials as well as infected in vitro cultured cells.
Lack of Response of Murine Peritoneal Macrophages to in vitro Activation by Muramyl Dipeptide (MDP)
Authors: Nagao Shigeki , Akagawa Kiyoko S. , Yamada Kazuo , Yagawa Katsuro , Tokunaga Tohru , Kotani Shozo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPeritoneal exudate macrophages from mice, rats, and guinea pigs were assessed using six different parameters of macrophage activation to determine whether the cells were stimulated under similar experimental conditions. Peritoneal exudate macrophages from mice, irrespective of strain, were far less responsive to a variety of in vitro stimulatory effects of N‐acetylmuramyl‐L‐alanyl‐D‐isoglutamine than those from rats or guinea pigs, while no significant differences were noted with the reactivity to stimulation by endotoxic lipopolysaccharide. We conclude that macrophage activation by MDP in vitro is species dependent.
Inverse Relationship between the Flagella Formation and Prodigiosin Synthesis in Serratia marcescens
Authors: Kobayashi Nobuharu , Ichikawa Yoichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTreatment by polymyxin B sulfate and ethylenediaminetetraacetate separated a 40 kilodalton (kDa) protein from the nonpigmented Serratia marcescens and even from the nonpigmented bacteria of the pigmented strains, whereas the same treatment separated the 100 kDa protein associated with the pigment formation from the pigmented bacteria. Lysozyme treatment separated the 100 kDa and/or 40 kDa proteins correlated with the pigment level. The 40 kDa protein was not an outer membrane protein but a fiagellin. These results suggest that the flagella formation was inversely related with the pigment formation.
Inhibitory Effect of Ca2+ on Formation of Mg2+‐Mediated Two‐Dimensional Hexagonal Lattice Structure by an R‐Form Lipopolysaccharide from Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Kato Nobuo , Ohta Michio , Kido Nobuo , Arakawa Yoshichika , Ito Hideo , Naito Setsuko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWhen the R‐form lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Klebsiella pneumoniae strain LEN‐111 (03‐:Kl‐), from which cationic material had been removed by electrodialysis, was suspended in 50 mM Tris buffer at pH 8.5 containing 0.1 mM or higher concentrations of MgCl2, it formed an ordered two‐dimensional hexagonal lattice structure and its center‐to‐center distance (lattice constant) depended upon the concentration of MgCl2 and reached the shortest value (14 nm) at 10 mM. In contrast, in the presence of 0.1 to 10 mM CaCl2 in place of MgCl2, the electrodialyzed LPS did not form such an ordered hexagonal lattice structure but formed an irregular network structure with a center‐to‐center distance of 19 to 20 nm. We investigated interaction of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in formation of the hexagonal lattice structure by the electrodialyzed LPS suspended in 50 mM Tris buffer at pH 8.5. When 0.1 mM or higher concentrations of CaCl2 were mixed with 1 mM MgCl2 or when 1 mM or higher concentrations of CaCl2 was mixed with 10 mM MgCl2, the electrodialyzed LPS did not form the hexagonal lattice structure of the magnesium salt type but formed the irregular network structure of the calcium salt type. In the coexistence of equimolar or higher concentrations of CaCl2 together with 1 or 10 mM MgCl2, the binding of Mg to the electrodialyzed LPS was significantly inhibited and, conversely, the binding of Ca was enhanced as compared with when MgCl2 or CaCl2 was present alone. However, the coexistence of 10 times less molar concentrations of CaCl2 did not significantly inhibit the binding of Mg to the electrodialyzed LPS. Therefore, the inhibition of formation of the Mg2+‐mediated hexagonal lattice structure of the electrodialyzed LPS by equimolar or higher concentrations of CaCl2 accompanied the inhibition of binding of Mg but that by 10 times less molar concentrations of CaCl2 did not accompany it.
Hemagglutinating Activity of Mycoplasma salivarium and Its Attachment to Sheep Red Blood Cells
Authors: Watanabe Tsuguo , Shibata Kenichiro , Yukitake Hideharu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMycoplasma salivarium (ATCC 23064) and 10 other strains isolated from human saliva agglutinated red blood cells of rabbits and human types A and O weakly, and those of sheep (SRBC) and human type B strongly. Glycoproteins on the surface of the organism cells and N‐acetylneuraminic acid residues and some sugars on SRBC were suggested to be involved in agglutination of SRBC. Protein A‐like activity was detected in the organism cells. The organism cells were also shown to attach to SRBC in PPLO broth (Difco) supplemented with 10% horse serum, and bivalent metal ions were suggested to be involved in the attachment. The organism cells attaching to SRBC activated complement through the alternative pathway and lyzed the SRBC.
Ammonia Production as a Virulence Expression by Mycoplasma salivarium
Authors: Matsuutra Masaroh , Seto Kanichi , Watanabe Tsuguo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRabbits were inoculated intracutaneously with M. salivarium (ATCC 23064) cells. The size of the resulting swelling was significantly larger in 1) the sites inoculated with viable cells (7.5 × 109 CFU) suspended in a medium with arginine (arginine medium) than in those inoculated with killed cells, and in 2) those inoculated with cells suspended in arginine medium than with cells suspended in arginine‐free medium. The swelling was enhanced when rabbits had previously been immunized with the organism. This effect was concluded to be due to ammonia which the organism produced by the hydrolysis of arginine through the arginine‐dihydrolase pathway.