bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of different narrative instructions to record the occlusal contact with silicone registration materials
Authors: Obara R. , Komiyama O. , Iida T. , Asano T. , De Laat A. , Kawara M. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThis study examined the influence of narrative instructions on the occlusal contact area, occlusal contact point and masticatory muscle activities in normal subjects. Twelve healthy men and 12 healthy women with no more than one missing tooth per quadrant participated. Surface EMG was recorded from the masseter and temporal muscle. As a control measurement, intercuspal position was maintained to produce a habitual clenching record (NCR) while the occlusal contact area and occlusal contact point was recorded by means of silicone material. Subsequently, the occlusal contact area was recorded with the narrative instruction for minimum clenching record (MCR), light clenching record (LCR) and strong clenching record (HCR). While the EMG activity (%MVC) increased modestly from MCR to LCR (from 9·3 ± 2·0% to 11·5 ± 1·5%), the occlusal contact area increased rapidly (from 17·2 ± 11·3 mm2 to 26·8 ± 15·6 mm2) (P < 0·05). Both EMG activity and occlusal contact area increased gradually from LCR to NCR (to 17·7 ± 2·0% and to 31·4 ± 14·2 mm2, respectively). Finally, EMG activity still increased from NCR to HCR (to 44·5 ± 3·7%) (P < 0·05), but the occlusal contact area remained stable (to 36·8 ± 16·6 mm2). Occlusal contact points at left posterior, right posterior, anterior and total area were not significantly different between each task. This study showed that narrative instructions while recording the bite can result in largely stable occlusal contact area. An adequate narrative instruction may therefore contribute to taking a stable occlusal recording in natural dentition.
General population norms of the Swedish short forms of Oral Health Impact Profile
Authors: Larsson P. , John M. T. , Hakeberg M. , Nilner K. , List T. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryWe reported the development and psychometric evaluation of a Swedish 14‐item and a five‐item short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile. The 14‐item version was derived from the English‐language short form developed by Slade in1997. The five‐item version was derived from the German‐language short form developed by John et al. in 2006. Validity, reliability and normative values for the two short form summary scores were determined in a random sample of the adult Swedish population (response rate: 46%, N = 1366 subjects). Subjects with sufficient OHRQoL information to calculate a summary score (N = 1309) were on average 50·1 ± 17·4 years old, and 54% were women. Short form summary scores correlated highly with the 49‐item OHIP‐S (r ≥ 0·97 for OHIP‐S14, r ≥ 0·92 for OHIP‐S5) and with self‐report of oral health (r ≥ 0·41). Reliability, measured with Cronbach's alpha (0·91 for OHIP‐S14, 0·77 for OHIP‐S5), was sufficient. In the general population, 50% of the subjects had ≥2 OHIP‐S14 score points and 10% had ≥11 points, respectively. Among subjects with their own teeth only and/or fixed dental prostheses and with partial removable dental prostheses, 50% of the population had ≥2 OHIP‐S14 score points, and 10% had ≥11 points. For subjects with complete dentures, the corresponding figures were 3 and 24 points. OHIP‐S5 medians for subjects in the three population groups were 1, 1 and 2 points. Swedish 14‐item and 5‐item short forms of the OHIP have sufficient psychometric properties and provide a detailed overview about impaired OHRQoL in Sweden. The norms will serve as reference values for future studies.
Enamel wear caused by monolithic zirconia crowns after 6 months of clinical use
Authors: Stober T. , Bermejo J. L. , Rammelsberg P. , Schmitter M. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to evaluate enamel wear caused by monolithic zirconia crowns and to compare this with enamel wear caused by contralateral natural antagonists. Twenty monolithic zirconia crowns were placed in 20 patients requiring full molar crowns. For measurement of wear, impressions of both jaws were made at baseline after crown cementation and at 6‐month follow‐up. Mean and maximum wear of the occlusal contact areas of the crowns, of their natural antagonists and of the two contralateral natural antagonists were measured by the use of plaster replicas and 3D laser scanning methods. Wear differences were investigated by the use of two‐sided paired Student's t‐tests and by linear regression analysis. Mean vertical loss (maximum vertical loss in parentheses) was 10 (43) μm for the zirconia crowns, 33 (112) μm for the opposing enamel, 10 (58) μm for the contralateral teeth and 10 (46) μm for the contralateral antagonists. Both mean and maximum enamel wear were significantly different between the antagonists of the zirconia crowns and the contralateral antagonists. Gender and activity of the masseter muscle at night (bruxism) were identified as possible confounders which significantly affected wear. Under clinical conditions, monolithic zirconia crowns seem to be associated with more wear of opposed enamel than are natural teeth. With regard to wear behaviour, clinical application of monolithic zirconia crowns is justifiable because the amount of antagonistic enamel wear after 6 months is comparable with, or even lower than, that caused by other ceramic materials in previous studies.
Hybridization at an ecotone: ecological and genetic barriers between three Iberian vipers
Authors: Tarroso Pedro , Pereira Ricardo J. , Martínez‐Freiría Fernando , Godinho Raquel , Brito José C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe formation of stable genetic boundaries between emerging species is often diagnosed by reduced hybrid fitness relative to parental taxa. This reduced fitness can arise from endogenous and/or exogenous barriers to gene flow. Although detecting exogenous barriers in nature is difficult, we can estimate the role of ecological divergence in driving species boundaries by integrating molecular and ecological niche modelling tools. Here, we focus on a three‐way secondary contact zone between three viper species (Vipera aspis,V. latasteiandV. seoanei) to test for the contribution of ecological divergence to the development of reproductive barriers at several species traits (morphology, nuclearDNAand mitochondrialDNA). Both the nuclear and mitochondrial data show that all taxa are genetically distinct and that the sister speciesV. aspisandV. latasteihybridize frequently and backcross over several generations. We find that the three taxa have diverged ecologically and meet at a hybrid zone coincident with a steep ecotone between the Atlantic and Mediterranean biogeographical provinces. Integrating landscape and genetic approaches, we show that hybridization is spatially restricted to habitats that are suboptimal for parental taxa. Together, these results suggest that niche separation and adaptation to an ecological gradient confer an important barrier to gene flow among taxa that have not achieved complete reproductive isolation.
Human‐facilitated metapopulation dynamics in an emerging pest species,Cimex lectularius
Authors: Fountain Toby , Duvaux Ludovic , Horsburgh Gavin , Reinhardt Klaus , Butlin Roger K. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe number and demographic history of colonists can have dramatic consequences for the way in which genetic diversity is distributed and maintained in a metapopulation. The bed bug (Cimex lectularius) is a re‐emerging pest species whose close association with humans has led to frequent local extinction and colonization, that is, to metapopulation dynamics. Pest control limits the lifespan of subpopulations, causing frequent local extinctions, and human‐facilitated dispersal allows the colonization of empty patches. Founder events often result in drastic reductions in diversity and an increased influence of genetic drift. Coupled with restricted migration, this can lead to rapid population differentiation. We therefore predicted strong population structuring. Here, using 21 newly characterized microsatellite markers and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), we investigate simplified versions of two classical models of metapopulation dynamics, in a coalescent framework, to estimate the number and genetic composition of founders in the common bed bug. We found very limited diversity within infestations but high degrees of structuring across the city of London, with extreme levels of genetic differentiation between infestations (FST = 0.59).ABCresults suggest a common origin of all founders of a given subpopulation and that the numbers of colonists were low, implying that even a single mated female is enough to found a new infestation successfully. These patterns of colonization are close to the predictions of the propagule pool model, where all founders originate from the same parental infestation. These results show that aspects of metapopulation dynamics can be captured in simple models and provide insights that are valuable for the future targeted control of bed bug infestations.
Human disturbance causes the formation of a hybrid swarm between two naturally sympatric fish species
Authors: Hasselman Daniel J. , Argo Emily E. , McBride Meghan C. , Bentzen Paul , Schultz Thomas F. , Perez‐Umphrey Anna A. , Palkovacs Eric P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMost evidence for hybrid swarm formation stemming from anthropogenic habitat disturbance comes from the breakdown of reproductive isolation between incipient species, or introgression between allopatric species following secondary contact. Human impacts on hybridization between divergent species that naturally occur in sympatry have received considerably less attention. Theory predicts that reinforcement should act to preserve reproductive isolation under such circumstances, potentially making reproductive barriers resistant to human habitat alteration. Using 15 microsatellites, we examined hybridization between sympatric populations of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (A. aestivalis) to test whether the frequency of hybridization and pattern of introgression have been impacted by the construction of a dam that isolated formerly anadromous populations of both species in a landlocked freshwater reservoir. The frequency of hybridization and pattern of introgression differed markedly between anadromous and landlocked populations. The rangewide frequency of hybridization among anadromous populations was generally 0–8%, whereas all landlocked individuals were hybrids. Although neutral introgression was observed among anadromous hybrids, directional introgression leading to increased prevalence of alewife genotypes was detected among landlocked hybrids. We demonstrate that habitat alteration can lead to hybrid swarm formation between divergent species that naturally occur sympatrically, and provide empirical evidence that reinforcement does not always sustain reproductive isolation under such circumstances.
Herbarium specimens reveal a historical shift in phylogeographic structure of common ragweed during native range disturbance
Authors: Martin Michael D. , Zimmer Elizabeth A. , Olsen Morten T. , Foote Andrew D. , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Brush Grace S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractInvasive plants provide ample opportunity to study evolutionary shifts that occur after introduction to novel environments. However, although genetic characters pre‐dating introduction can be important determinants of later success, large‐scale investigations of historical genetic structure have not been feasible. Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.) is an invasive weed native toNorthAmerica that is known for its allergenic pollen. Palynological records from sediment cores indicate that this species was uncommon beforeEuropean colonization ofNorthAmerica, and ragweed populations expanded rapidly as settlers deforested the landscape on a massive scale, later becoming an aggressive invasive with populations established globally. Towards a direct comparison of genetic structure now and during intense anthropogenic disturbance of the late 19th century, we sampled 45 natural populations of common ragweed across its native range as well as historical herbarium specimens collected up to 140 years ago. Bayesian clustering analyses of 453 modern and 473 historical samples genotyped at three chloroplast spacer regions and six nuclear microsatellite loci reveal that historical ragweed's spatial genetic structure mirrors both the palaeo‐record ofAmbrosiapollen deposition and the historical pattern of agricultural density across the landscape. Furthermore, for unknown reasons, this spatial genetic pattern has changed substantially in the intervening years. Following on previous work relating morphology and genetic expression between plants collected from easternNorthAmerica andWesternEurope, we speculate that the cluster associated with humans’ rapid transformation of the landscape is a likely source of these aggressive invasive populations.
Exercise Training‐Induced Adaptations in Mediators of Sustained Endothelium‐Dependent Coronary Artery Relaxation in a Porcine Model of Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Heaps Cristine L. , Robles Juan Carlos , Sarin Vandana , Mattox Mildred L. , Parker Janet L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that exercise training enhances sustained relaxation to persistent endothelium‐dependent vasodilator exposure via increased nitric oxide contribution in small coronary arteries of control and ischemic hearts.MethodsYucatan swine were designated to a control group or a group in which an ameroid constrictor was placed around the proximal LCX. Subsequently, pigs from both groups were assigned to exercise (five days/week; 16 weeks) or SED regimens. Coronary arteries (~100–350 μm) were isolated from control pigs and from both nonoccluded and collateral‐dependent regions of chronically‐occluded hearts.ResultsIn arteries from control pigs, training significantly enhanced relaxation responses to increasing concentrations of bradykinin (10−10–10−7 M) and sustained relaxation to a single bradykinin concentration (30 nM), which were abolished by NOS inhibition. Training also significantly prolonged bradykinin‐mediated relaxation in collateral‐dependent arteries of occluded pigs, which was associated with more persistent increases in endothelial cellular Ca2+ levels, and reversed with NOS inhibition. Protein levels for eNOS and p‐eNOS‐(Ser1179), but not caveolin‐1, Hsp90, or Akt, were significantly increased with occlusion, independent of training state.ConclusionsExercise training enhances sustained relaxation to endothelium‐dependent agonist stimulation in small arteries of control and ischemic hearts by enhanced nitric oxide contribution and endothelial Ca2+ responses.
Is basiliximab induction, a novel risk factor for new onset diabetes after transplantation for living donor renal allograft recipients?
Authors: Prasad Narayan , Gurjer Desraj , Bhadauria Dharmender , Gupta Amit , Srivastava Aneesh , Kaul Anupama , Jaiswal Akhilesh , Yadav Brijesh , Yadav Subhash , Sharma Raj K 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimIt was found that, by affecting populations of T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells, basiliximab also indirectly affects pancreatic β‐cell function and glucose homeostasis.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, we included all renal transplant recipients from 1 July 2007 to 31 July 2011. The overall incidence of hyperglycaemia (transient hyperglycaemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and new onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT)) was compared between patients with and without basiliximab induction.ResultsOf the 439 eligible study patients, 105 patients received basiliximab induction and 334 patients did not. Overall hyperglycaemia (transient hyperglycaemia, IFG, IGT and NODAT) was detected in 102/334 (30.5%) patients without induction and 44/105 (41.9%) patients with induction (P = 0.03). Of the 102 patients with hyperglycaemia in patients without basiliximab, 46 (45.1%) patients improved, while only 10 (22.7%) of the 44 patients with basiliximab improved (P = 0.016) at the end of 3 months. Finally, NODAT was observed in 56/334 (16.7%) patients without induction and 102/334 (30.5%) patients with induction. Relative risk of NODAT with basiliximab was 2.3 (95% CI 1.4‐3.9) compared to that of patients without induction. Basiliximab and hepatitis C virus infection were independent risk factors for NODAT. Risk of NODAT remained high with basiliximab despite adjusting the acute rejections episodes.ConclusionsBasiliximab induction prevents acute rejection; however, it is associated with increased risk of NODAT.
Automated impedance manometry analysis as a method to assess esophageal function
Authors: Rommel N. , Van Oudenhove L. , Tack J. , Omari T. I. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundDiagnostic evaluation of non‐achalasia esophageal dysphagia remains challenging because of a lack of a clear relationship between symptoms, esophageal contraction patterns, and esophageal bolus flow. This study evaluates a novel approach to pressure‐impedance analysis called automated impedance manometry (AIM) analysis in relation to bolus characteristics, Chicago classification metrics, bolus perception, and dysphagia.MethodsAIM analysis was performed on esophageal high resolution manometry‐impedance recordings from 12 healthy controls and 15 patients with dysphagia. In each subject, 10 liquid, 10 semisolid, and 10 solid swallows were analyzed using AIMplot software.Key ResultsThis study demonstrated that (i) esophageal pressure‐flow parameters differ with bolus type (liquid, semisolid, and solids), (ii) impedance at peak pressure parameter can discriminate normal from dysphagic subjects with high accuracy on a cut‐off threshold at 2400 Ohms (kappa 0.77, sensitivity 0.83, and specificity 0.93), and (iii) nadir impedance and impedance at peak pressure highly correlate with perception of esophageal bolus flow (r = −0.65, p = 0.02; r = −0.70, p = 0.01 resp).Conclusions & InferencesThis study presents novel esophageal pressure‐flow variables in control subjects and in a cohort of patients with dysphagia. These variables are altered in relation to bolus consistency and can discriminate between subjects with and without symptoms of dysphagia. For the first time, we present high resolution esophageal pressure‐flow variables that accurately link in with patient perception of esophageal bolus hold up.
Plasma levels of leptin in reproductive‐aged women with mild depressive and anxious states
Authors: Yoshida‐Komiya Hiromi , Takano Kazuko , Fujimori Keiya , Niwa Shin‐Ichi 
Published: January 2014

AimsRecent studies suggest that leptin may have an effect on emotion and mood. Low levels of leptin in depression and anxiety have been reported in many animal models; however in humans, it has yet to be elucidated as to whether plasma leptin levels are low in similar states. Therefore, in this study we investigated how plasma leptin level and salivary stress markers of reproductive‐aged women, who constitute the majority of patients with mild depression and anxiety in our clinic, are different from those of healthy women.MethodsWe compared the results of the Medical Outcome Study 36‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey, the Self‐rating Questionnaire for Depression, the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, plasma leptin levels, and salivary stress markers in 29 depressive and anxious reproductive‐aged female patients with those in 26 age‐ and body‐mass‐index‐matched healthy female volunteers.ResultsThe Short‐Form 36, Self‐rating Questionnaire for Depression and State–Trait Anxiety Inventory scores in the patients were worse and their leptin levels were lower than those in the healthy volunteers. There were no significant differences in salivary stress markers, such as chromogranin A and cortisol, between the patients and healthy volunteers.ConclusionThis study suggests that leptin might play a pathophysiological role in reproductive‐aged female patients for mild depression and anxiety.
Evaluation of P300 components for emotion‐loaded visual event‐related potential in elderly subjects, including those with dementia
Authors: Asaumi Yasue , Morita Kiichiro , Nakashima Youko , Muraoka Akemi , Uchimura Naohisa 
Published: January 2014

AimIn the present study, the P300 component of the emotion‐loaded visual event‐related potential in response to photographs of babies crying or smiling was measured to evaluate cognitive function in elderly subjects, including those with dementia.MethodsThe subjects were 48 elderly people who consulted a memory disorder clinic. The visual event‐related potential was measured using oddball tasks. Brain waves were recorded from four sites. We analyzed the P300 amplitude and latency. Subjects were divided into three groups (the dementia with Alzheimer's disease group [ADG]; the intermediate group [MG], and the healthy group [HG]) based on the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale, Mini‐mental State Examination scores and the Clinical Dementia Rating.ResultsFor all subjects, there was a significant positive correlation between P300 latency and Z‐score of voxel‐based specific regional analysis for Alzheimer's disease for crying or smiling faces. There was a negative correlation between P300 amplitude and Z‐score for the crying face. MG subjects were divided into two groups (high risk: HRMG, low risk: LRMG) based on Z‐scores (HRMG ≥ 2.0). The P300 amplitude of ADG was significantly smaller than that of HG, and the P300 latency of ADG was significantly longer than those of other groups for crying or smiling faces. The P300 latency of HRMG was significantly longer than that of LRMG for the smiling face. Furthermore, the P300 latency for the crying face was significantly shorter than that for the smiling face in HG and ADG.ConclusionThese findings suggest that analysis of P300 components of the emotion‐loaded visual event‐related potential may be a useful neuropsychological index for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and high‐risk subjects.
Barriers to Performing Stretching Exercises Among Korean‐Chinese Female Migrant Workers in Korea
Authors: Lee Hyeonkyeong , Wilbur JoEllen , Chae Duckhee , Lee Kyongeun , Lee Meenhye 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the barriers to performing stretching exercise experienced by Korean‐Chinese female migrant workers during a community‐based 12‐week stretching exercise intervention trial.Design and SampleQualitative secondary data analysis was conducted using telephone counseling interview transcripts from 27 middle‐aged, Korean‐Chinese migrant women workers.MeasuresA semistructured interview question asking barriers to performing stretching exercise was given to women who did not adhere to recommended stretching exercise. During the 12‐week home‐based stretching exercise intervention trial, six telephone calls were made to participants biweekly to elicit barriers to performing stretching exercise. Directed content analysis approach was utilized using three barrier categories: intrapersonal, interpersonal, and work‐related environmental factors based on the ecological model.ResultsParticipants experienced an average of 2.5 barriers during the study period. Intrapersonal barriers included lack of time and lack of motivation, and interpersonal barriers included no family to provide support and also a feeling resistance from coworkers. Work‐related environmental barriers included frequent job changes, long working hours, lack of rest time, and unpredictable job demands.ConclusionsThe findings highlight that migrant workers in Korea face unique work‐related difficulties which present barriers to exercise.