bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric assessment of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia
Authors: Kaleda V. , Tikhonov D. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionTreatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is one of the most pressing issues in the field of treatment and research of psychotic disorders. The pronounced decline in social and professional functioning in this group of patients as well as high costs of therapy determine high interest in TRS. This is a part of an ongoing study on the clinical and biological features of TRS.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to identify the leading symptoms in patients with TRS.MethodsUsing the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Calgary Depression Scale for schizophrenia (CDSS), 30 male patients (age 28.99 ± 8.08 years) diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia (F20.0) were examined. All patients had persistent productive symptoms and met the criteria for TRS. The average daily doses of antipsychotics in chlorpromazine equivalent were 1382.07 ± 897.15 mg/day. The average age of onset of the disease was 19.52 ± 5.97 years, the average disease was 9.47 ± 7.61 years.ResultsThe average scores were: on the PSP scale: 46.05 ± 9.17, on the CDSS scale 8.10 ± 4.53, on the PANSS positive symptoms subscale - 21.52 ± 4.24, on the PANSS negative symptoms subscale - 24.67 ± 4.42, on the general psychopathology subscale PANSS – 45.62 ± 6.11 . Positive symptoms were represented mainly by delusions (P1, 4.14 ± 0.85 points) and hallucinations (P3, 4.10 ± 1.76 points). Blunted affect (N1, 4.29 ± 0.56 points) and emotional withdrawal (N2, 3.67 ± 0.73 points) predominated among negative symptoms, while the least prominent negative symptom was poor rapport (N3, 3.24 ± 0.94). The most pronounced general psychopathology symptoms were depression (G6, 4.00 ± 1.10 ) and lack of judgment and insight (G12, 4.05 ± 0.92). The total score on the PANSS was 91.81 ± 12.40.ConclusionsThe CDSS score indicates a high incidence of depressive symptoms in patients with TRS. A low PSP score reflects poor social functioning. The most common symptoms according to the PANSS are delusions, hallucinations, blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, depression and lack of judgment and insight.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
“Ekbom syndrome: delirium engraved on the skin”
Authors: Perez Aparicio C. , Rodriguez Rodriguez L. , Gordillo Montaño M. J. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionEkbom syndrome also known as Morgellons syndrome or delirium of parasitosis is a psychiatric condition where the patient has the absolute conviction of being infested in spite of medical evidence. Patients may even mutilate themselves or apply toxic substances in order to get rid of these hypothetical organisms. Sometimes they bring samples of these hypothetical parasites to the office to prove their existence, which is known as the “matchbox sign”, a pathognomonic finding.ObjectivesThe aim of this clinical case is to make visible the impact that this psychiatric condition can have on the patient’s quality of lifeMethodsWe present the case of a 40-year-old woman from Peru who was admitted to the otorhinolaryngology unit for injuries compatible with necrosis of the right pinna. When the patient was examined, scars were found on the lower limbs and back. The patient justifies the scratching lesions with the presence of pathogenic organisms, with no trace of them by the physician.ResultsThe patient was evaluated by psychiatry service during her admission in otorhinolaryngology, being diagnosed with Ekbom’s delirium and starting treatment with 3 mL of Aripiprazole. Subsequently she was referred to the mental health unit where she left the follow-up until today.Conclusions
Different effective treatments have been described, among them pimozide, atypical antipsychotics and some SSRIs. However, the complexity of treatment arises when dealing with the irreducible idea that the patient has of being infested, refusing in most cases to receive psychiatric treatment. This can degenerate into major organic and psychological problems that turn the patient’s life into a real hell, which often end up losing much of their daily functionality. The fact of empathizing with the patient and trying to elaborate a plan adjusted to the reality and needs of the moment, can help us to establish a good therapeutic bond that facilitates an early start of treatment and greater therapeutic adherence, enabling a significant improvement in their quality of life.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The role of Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) in the recovery from dysbiosis in patients on long-term atypical antipsychotic treatment
Authors: De Bles N. , Rius Ottenheim N. , van Hemert A. , Giltay E. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Atypical antipsychotic (AAP) drugs are the gold-standard treatment for psychotic patients but are nowadays also widely prescribed among people with other mental disorders. Notwithstanding the benefits of AAP in terms of symptom improvement, there are severe adverse effects including the metabolic syndrome. A novel hypothesis is that part of these undesirable effects of antipsychotics could be mediated by their deleterious effects on the microbiome. This may result in dysbiosis, the disruption of bacterial species of the gut microbiota. Recently, dysbiosis has been linked to poor quality of life, depression and anxiety through the gut-brain axis. Mounting evidence proposes that prebiotic consumption may be helpful in the recovery of dysbiosis, although this effect is unclear among long-term antipsychotic users.ObjectivesThe main objective of this study is to assess the potential beneficial effects of the prebiotic Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) in combination with 2′-fucosyllactose (2’-FL) on the gut microbiota, by showing a relative increase in Bifidobacteria in fecal samples following intervention. The secondary objective is to assess the effects of GOS on mental wellbeing, sleep, and metabolic parameters. We hypothesize that GOS+2’FL supplementation will improve gut health, mental wellbeing, sleep, and metabolic parameters. Data will be collected 4 weeks prior to the start of the intervention during an observation only phase [t0], at baseline [t1], and after 2 [t2] and 6 [t3] weeks of GOS+2’FL intake. A follow-up will take place at week 10, 4 weeks after the intervention [t4]. Other outcomes that are assessed include the FiberScreen tool, the form of human faeces (Bristol Stool Chart), side effects and the defined daily dosis (DDD) of antipsychotic medication.MethodsThe study is a single-arm pilot study (non-randomized and non-blinded). We aim to include 30 psychiatric patients on long-term atypical antipsychotic use, irrespective of their specific psychiatric disorder, with a BMI > 25 kg/m2. Following a run-in period of 4 weeks (no intervention but all other aspects of the study), the participants will consume GOSplus (7.0 g BiotisTMGOS + 0.7 g 2’-FL) daily during the first consumption moment of the day (preferably in the morning) for 42 days. The GOSplus powder has a slightly sweet flavour. The primary endpoint is the change in Bifidobacteria in fecal samples from week 0 to week 6.ResultsThe study started recruiting participants in October 2023.ConclusionsConclusions are expected by the end of 2024.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Unlocking insights from actigraphy: examining feature selection and activation detection approaches for enhanced data interpretation
Authors: László S. , Nagy Á. , Dombi J. , Fülep M. P. , Rudics E. , Hompoth E. , Szabó Z. , Dér A. , Buzás A. , Viharos Z. J. , Hoang A. T. , Bilicki V. , Szendi I. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAlterations in motor activity are an extremely important characteristic and one of the leading symptoms of major functional psychiatric disorders. These pattern disturbances can be observed in schizophrenia. Actigraphy is a non-invasive method that can be used to monitor these changes, and recent studies emphasize its significance in the early identification of disorders like schizophrenia.ObjectivesThis study uniquely focuses on distinguishing latent liabilities for schizotypy from manifested schizophrenia using specific actigraphy features.Methods
Actigraphy data were collected using specialized devices from the University of Szeged and Haukeland University Hospital datasets (Berle et al., 2010). At Haukeland University Hospital patients with chronic schizophrenia (N=23) (so-called: manifested group) were collected, separately, at the University of Szeged, healthy university students were recruited and screened for latent tendencies towards shizotypic pathological development. In the latter study, two main groups were formed based on their scores: a positive schizotypy factor group (so-called: latent group) (N=22) and a control group (N=25), with actigraphy data.
Utilizing the pyActigraphy library (Hammad et al., 2021) and wavelet analysis, features such as activity mean, interdaily stability and sleep movement characteristics were derived. Feature selection employed machine learning algorithms, notably Logistic Regression, Random Forest, ANN, and AHFS aided by Shapley values and Click Forming Feature Selection for insight into the most influential features.ResultsThe three models exhibited similar performance with a 60% accuracy threshold. In the latent group, sleep-related movements have a substantial impact, while in the manifested group, in addition to sleep characteristics, features like RA, IV, ADAT, M10, the mean activity level (all of which decreased), and the ratio of zero values also play a significant role. In the latent group, features related to the length of small amplitude movements were dominant, particularly the increased values, along with a decrease in the density of large movements.Conclusions
Our study indicates that in the latent phase of schizophrenia, actigraphy features related to sleep are most significant, but as the disease progresses, both sleep and daytime activity patterns are crucial. Sleep disturbances may signal early susceptibility, with nighttime movements offering clearer insights. These variations might be influenced by medication effects in the manifested group, reflecting the broader challenges in schizophrenia research where the drug-free study of patients remains elusive. Further studies should explore these features in the Clinical High Risk and prodromal groups to refine our understanding of the development of the disorder.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Beyond Rest: Exploring the Sleep-Exercise Connection
Authors: Kim J. , Kainth T. , Garrels E. , Tran K. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
The bidirectional relationship between the effects of sleep and exercise is often underappreciated. We aim to explore the bidirectional relationship of sleep and exercise. We further discuss the prominence of poor sleep in both the athletic and general population and understand the underlying mechanisms of interdependencies between the two. The goal is to illuminate practical implications to improve both areas and optimize physical and mental health.Objectives-To explore the bidirectional relationship between sleep and exercise-To understand how exercise can counterbalance the adverse metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation.
MethodsWe conducted a systemic literature review from Pubmed, Scopus, and PsychINFO using the search terms: “(exercise) and (sleep),” “(exercise performance) and (sleep),” “(sleep quality) and (exercise).” We included original studies in English conducted on age groups 18 years and older.Results
Data from 31 studies shows that a significant number of athletes experience poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. 68.5% of Qatar Stars League soccer players and 61% of collegiate athletes in NCAA institutions report daytime fatigue several times a week. Most common causes include overtraining, hectic travel schedules, and sleeping in unfamiliar settings. Studies confirm athletes often sleep less before intense training or competitions. Sleep deficiency may lead to reduced muscular strength and endurance, mood changes, increased perceived effort, impaired cognitive processing, and diminished motor skills. Athletes averaging less than 8 hours of sleep nightly were 1.7 times more prone to injuries. Physiologically, sleep loss alters ventilation, plasma lactate concentration, hormone secretion, and inflammatory responses, hinders muscle glycogen restoration. Extended sleep restriction decreases testosterone levels, which influence muscle mass, energy, bone strength, and more. On the contrary, exercise may counter adverse metabolic impacts of sleep deprivation. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has shown to nullify negative metabolic effects of sleep deprivation, suggesting exercise’s protective potential.Conclusions
Sleep and exercise are fundamental to maintaining physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health. The bidirectional, interdependent relationship can be best utilized by the providers to optimize overall well being. The critical impact of adequate sleep, particularly among athletes, is frequently underestimated. Poor sleep can detrimentally affect performance, amplify injury risks, and disrupt physiological functions, yet contemporary lifestyles often downplay its significance. It is important for healthcare professionals to emphasize a balanced approach to optimize these vital aspects. Continued research can offer strategies that benefit athletes and the broader populace, aiming to uplift daily life functionality.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Sleep disorders among university students as underestimated mental health problem
Authors: Nikolaev E. L. , Nikolaeva T. , Alhasan M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe effect of sleep disorders on the weakening of the students’ mental health potential is still underestimated. Students might not openly complain of having problems with sleep, considering them insignificant. Nevertheless, sleep disorders may be the sign of actual or developing mental health problems.ObjectivesTo reveal the prevalence of parasomnic and insomnic disorders in university students, who do not have health related complains.MethodsWe surveyed 77 first and second-year students of both genders by means of a questionnaire that included questions describing the signs of various sleep disorders.Results
One third of the students revealed having parasomnic disorders in the form of dissociated sleep states – 35.1% of the respondents talk in sleep (states of somniloquy or sleep talking), 6.5% get seated on their beds, 5.2% get up from their beds (states of partial awakenings and confusional arousals), 5.2% walk around the room or house (sleepwalking, or somnambulism). Over half of the students experience night phobias (53.2%), 2.6% out of them experience them constantly. Some students’ fears grow into nightmares. Half of the respondents (50.6%) state they very rarely see nightmares. Every fifth student (20.8%) sees nightmares only from time to time. 10.4% of the students see them very often or constantly.Over half of the respondents (55.8%) complain of insomnic disorders in the form of insomnia. 3.9% of them experience it constantly, 10.4% – often, 16.9% – sometimes, and 24.7% – rarelyConclusionsThe frequency of sleep disorders in students is very high. Consequently, it is important to inform university students timely about potential risks and ways to avoid them.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
How effective is ketogenic diet in sleep disorders ?
Authors: Kouki N. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionSleep disorders vary widely and its treatment are based on a combination of life style changes and pharmacological therapy adapted to the primer health issue. Ketogenic diet has shown not only its efficacy in different health conditions, but it is also becoming a popular health trend. Could the therapeutic spectrum of ketogenic diet cover sleep disturbances ?ObjectivesThe aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of ketogenic diet on sleep disordersMethods
To identify relevant studies ,our literature review was based on the Pubmed interface and adapted for 2 databases : science direct and google scholar. We used the following key words (ketogenic diet [meSH terms]) and (sleep disorders [meSH terms]).ResultsOur research revealed 14 articles published between 2012 and 2022. We selected 8 which corresponded to the purpose of our review. The ketogenic diet affects sleep hemostasis indirectly. In fact, this diet is associated with weight loss and therefore reduction of metabolic and cardiovascular complications disturbing sleep quality. From a neurobiological perspective, this regimen based on limited carbohydrates is associated with a low Tryptophan intake which is the precursor of melatonin. But on the other hand, Ketone bodies trigger adenosine activity which promotes melatonin liberation, the sleep inducing hormone.Conclusionsketogenic diet modulates melatonin activity therefore affects sleep architecture. Meanwhile, Its impact on sleep disorders is still controversed due to the variation of its pathophysiological mechanisms.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
When sleep disorders in patients with bipolar disorder indicate a risk of suicidal behavior
Authors: Razki K. , Najar C. , Ben Aissa S. , Oumaya M. , Bouzid R. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionSleep disturbances and suicidal behaviors are common among patients with type II bipolar disorder ( BDII), but the relationship between the two is unclear. Investigating this connection is important to identify interventions that can improve the quality of life and reduce the risk of suicide in this population.ObjectivesOur study’s objective is to examine the association between sleep disorders and suicidal behavior in patients with type II bipolar disorder (BDII).MethodsIn order to comprehensively investigate the association between sleep disturbances and suicidal behaviors among individuals diagnosed with type II bipolar disorder (TBII), we conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study over a duration of one month, specifically from the 1st to the 31st of October 2022. Our research was conducted within the follow-up unit of the mental health department at Nabeul Hospital, Tunisia, with the aim of capturing a diverse range of participants representative of the population of interest.To ensure the integrity and accuracy of our findings, we meticulously selected participants who met specific eligibility criteria. This included individuals aged between 18 and 60 years, who had a confirmed diagnosis of type II bipolar disorder according to the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM V). Furthermore, we sought to include participants who were psychiatrically stable, meaning they had not required hospitalization in the six months preceding the study.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate the participants’ sleep quality over a one-month period, while the Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) was used to assess suicidal behavior.The data was gathered through a questionnaire that prioritized ethical concerns, including obtaining informed consent from participants and maintaining confidentiality and anonymity throughout the study.ResultsIn this study, we enrolled 40 male patients with a mean age of 36 ± 13.2 years and evaluated their sleep quality and suicidal behaviors. The results showed that the participants had a mean PSQI score of 7.28 ± 3.35, indicating that the overall sleep quality was not optimal. Specifically, 65% of the participants had poor sleep quality (> 5), and 45% reported poor sleep(PSQI ≥ 8) . The mean SBQ-R score was 10.3 ± 3.6, indicating a moderate level of suicidal behavior. Interestingly, we found a statistically significant correlation between PSQI and SBQ-R subscales, particularly with regard to suicidal thoughts (p=0.003) and suicide attempts (p=0.002).ConclusionsOur study found a strong link between sleep problems and suicidal behavior in people with type II bipolar disorder. This highlights the need to address sleep issues to reduce suicide risk in these patients.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Characteristics of Single vs. Multiple Suicide Attempters Among Adult Population: A Systematic Review and Meta‑Analysis
Authors: Abascal-Peiró S. , Herrera-Sánchez J. , Izaguirre-Gamir L. , Aznar-Carboné J. , Alacreu-Crespo A. , Porras-Segovia A. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionSuicide is one of the leading causes of unnatural death worldwide. There might be meaningful differences between those individuals that attempt suicide once in their lifespan and those who make multiple attempts in terms of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. There are no previous meta-analysis addressing this topic in the adult population.ObjectivesWe aimed to examine the factors that differentiate single and multiple suicide attempters in adult population.MethodsWe followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to conduct this review and meta-analysis. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO. We carried out a systematic literature search in three databases to identify original studies that explored the differences between single and multiple suicide attempters among adult population. A total of 75 studies were included in the review and 69 were included in the meta-analysis.ResultsMultiple attempters were more likely to present certain disorders such as mood and psychotic disorders, as well as personality or substance use disorders. Higher suicide ideation and suicide intent scores also characterized this group. Childhood trauma experiences, stressful life events, and higher rates of hopelessness were statistically significant in multiple attempters.Conclusions
Identifying the factors predicting multiple suicide attempts helps to delineate a high-risk suicidal profile that should be taken into account in the clinical and suicide prevention scenario.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Traumatic symptoms and institutional support expectations among psychiatry residents dealing with patient suicide
Authors: Yaich I. , Ben Said C. , Ben Hamida T. , Bram N. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAdult and child psychiatry residents encounter unique stressors in their training distinct from those in other medical specialties. Patient suicide has been identified as one of the most distressing experiences during psychiatric training.ObjectivesThis study represents the first Tunisian investigation aiming to assess (1) the impact of patient suicide on psychiatry residents and (2) the limitations of the institutional support system in dealing with such cases.MethodsA Google Forms questionnaire was distributed via email to all residents, gathering socio-demographic data, assessing traumatic impact using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and soliciting open-ended responses regarding personal experiences and expectations of the institutional support system.Results
Fifty-three residents participated in the study. Among them, 29 residents had encountered patient suicide, with 12 directly involved. Symptoms of PTSD were detected in three residents. The physician directly involved in treating the suicidal patient reported the highest PCL-5 score. The majority of residents (27 out of 29) expressed the need for a structured support and training program tailored to healthcare professionals dealing with suicide.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that psychiatric residents may require additional training and support to effectively address the complex issue of patient suicide. Implementing specific training programs could significantly enhance their ability to manage such situations.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared