bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personalizing flow‐diverter intervention for cerebral aneurysms: from computational hemodynamics to biochemical modeling
Authors: Peach T. W. , Ngoepe M. , Spranger K. , Zajarias‐Fainsod D. , Ventikos Y. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThis paper presents the computational modeling of a variety of flow‐diverting stents, deployed in a number of patient‐specific aneurysm geometries. We consider virtual device deployment and hemodynamics as well as thrombus formation, with the scope to assess pre‐operatively the efficacy of specific devices in treating particular aneurysms. An algorithm based on a linear and torsional spring analogy is developed for the fast virtual deployment of stents and similar minimally invasive devices in patient‐specific vessel geometries. The virtual deployment algorithm is used to accurately deploy a total of four stent designs in three aneurysm geometries. A variety of different flow‐diverting stent designs, representing the commercially available and the entirely novel, are presented, varying in both mesh design and porosity. Transient computational hemodynamics simulations are performed on multiple patient‐specific geometries to predict the reduction in aneurysm inflow after the deployment of each device. Further, a thrombosis initiation and growth model is implemented, coupled with the hemodynamic computations. Hemodynamic simulations show large variations in flow reduction between devices and across different aneurysm geometries. The industry standard of flow‐diverters with 70% porosity, assumed to offer the best compromise in flexibility and flow reduction, is challenged in at least one aneurysm geometry. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decabrominated diphenyl ether and methylmercury impair fetal nervous system development in mice at documented human exposure levels
Authors: Mariani Alessandro , Fanelli Roberto , Re Depaolini Andrea , De Paola Massimiliano 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe central nervous system (CNS) is extremely vulnerable to the toxic effects of environmental pollutants during development. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent contaminants, increasingly present in the environment and in human tissues. Recent investigations identified a correlation between maternal exposure to PBDEs and impairment in fetal neurobehavioral development, suggesting that these contaminants pose a potential risk for children. We investigated on the potential effects of environmental decabrominated diphenyl ether (decaBDE, the fully brominated congener) on key neurodevelopmental molecules (e.g., synaptic proteins and immature neuron markers) in fetal mouse neurons. Methylmercury was used as reference neurotoxic contaminant and to evaluate its possible synergism with decaBDE. The neurotoxic effects of decaBDE and methylmercury were determined in developing cultured neurons from mouse fetal hippocampus and cerebellum. Neuron death, dendritic branching, synaptic protein expression, markers of immature neurons, and microglia activation were evaluated by immunocytochemistry. Brain samples from prenatally treated embryos were also examined for neurotoxicity signs by immunoblotting and histochemistry. DecaBDE significantly affected (down to 0.4 nM) the number of dendritic branches, and the levels of synaptic proteins and doublecortin in cultured neurons. Prenatal exposure to decaBDE decreased the synaptic proteins and increased the expression of the immature neuron and microglial markers in mouse fetuses. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to realistic (relevant for human exposure) concentrations of decaBDE induces impairment of fetal CNS development in mice, suggesting a potential risk of fetotoxicity in humans. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 23–38, 2015
Control of Spectrum for Improvement of Color Rendering Spectrum Affected by Scandium Vapor Mixed with Argon Arc
Authors: Mitsuyasu Eriko , Iwao Toru , Yumoto Motoshige 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYArc lighting to produce environments for evacuation, rescue, safety, and comfort is a subject of interest. The lack of a radiation intensity and color rendering spectrum is a problem because of inappropriate energy balance. This paper elucidates the improvement of the color rendering spectrum with control of the spectrum affected by scandium vapor mixed with an argon arc. The temperature with maintenance of color rendering increases with the contamination ratio of metal vapor because of the chromaticity diagram. In addition, volume incrementation of the low‐temperature region and the periphery of the arc is effective the color rendering. The radiation power increases with increasing metal vapor content even if the temperature is low. In particular, the maximum radiation power with metal vapor is 10 times that without metal vapor. The radiation power increases with maintenance of color rendering and the radiation power increases when the appropriate temperature is chosen with consideration of the chromaticity diagram. Improvement of the color rendering spectrum is expected to result from control of the balance between the broad continuous spectrum of argon and the line spectrum of scandium, with a temperature distribution derived from current increase and/or arc pinch.
Spin‐State‐Dependent Properties of an Iron(III) Hydrogenase Mimic
Authors: Edler Eileen , Stein Matthias 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA biomimetic mononuclear iron(III) model complex was investigated in detail by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Structural and energetic criteria were employed to confirm the S = 3/2 intermediate state to be the ground state. The ground state was verified by using both pure and hybrid functionals with different amounts of exact Hartree–Fock exchange. A comprehensive study of the influence of the functional as well as thermodynamic corrections to the energetic ordering of spin states was performed. A modified B3LYP functional with 10 % Hartree–Fock exchange was able to reproduce the structural properties in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The thermodynamics of two possible spin‐crossover transitions [intermediate‐spin to high‐spin (IS–HS) and low‐spin to high‐spin (LS–HS)] were investigated. A torsional profile obtained by rotation of the axial ligand revealed a spin‐dependent preference of the ligand orientation. The structure solved by X‐ray crystallography corresponds to the global energetic minimum of the complex in the S = 3/2 and 5/2 states but not in the S = 1/2 state. This study demonstrates that the spin multiplicity affects not only the structural properties but may also influence the chemical reactivity of this transition metal complex in general.
A Direct Electrochemical Detection Method of Melanoma Based on Melanoma Biomarker
Authors: Mossberg Michal , Vernick Sefi , Ortenberg Rona , Markel Gal , Diamand Yosi Shacham‐ , Rishpon Judith 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA new method of detecting and diagnosing melanoma based on melanoma biomarker was developed and its feasibility demonstrated. The method is based on an electrochemical biosensor platform comprised of a special biochip and device, performing a multi‐channel amperometric detection of the enzymatic activity of tyrosinase, an enzyme biomarker of melanoma. The newly developed biosensor platform is able to electrochemically detect tyrosinase activity in fresh biopsy samples. This bioelectrochemical detection method is rapid, yielding results within minutes from biopsy removal. Using “as is” biopsy samples, without pretreatment, simplifies the process, saves time and reduces cost and labor dramatically. Using modern portable microelectronics provides an accurate biomarker expression measurement at the “point of care” increasing the accessibility of new bio‐chip technologies to the public.
Multispecies acute toxicity evaluation of wastewaters from different treatment stages in a coking wastewater-treatment plant
Authors: Zhao Jian-Liang , Jiang Yu-Xia , Yan Bo , Wei Chaohai , Zhang Li-Juan , Ying Guang-Guo 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Coking wastewater contributes approximately 5% of the total discharge volume of industrial wastewaters every year in China. The toxicity of coking wastewater to aquatic organisms is still unknown. The authors evaluated the toxicity of wastewater from different treatment stages in a coking wastewater treatment plant, South China, using 5 test species belonging to different trophic levels: luminous bacteria, green alga, a crustacean, duckweed, and zebrafish embryos. The raw influent displayed the highest toxicity to the test species, with toxic units ranging from 16.2 to 1176. The toxicity in the wastewater was then gradually removed by sequential primary treatment, biological fluidized-bed treatment, and secondary clarifier treatment. The toxic unit of the final effluent was reduced to 2.26 for the green alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) and to 0 for the other 4 organisms. Quantitative analysis of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and qualitative scanning by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry showed the presence of a variety of pollutants in the coking wastewaters. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the toxicity in the coking wastewater was correlated to the chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, volatile phenols, sulfide, metals (Cr, As, Sb, Hg, Pb, and Ni), and ΣPAHs. Based on the results, it is required to set a safety emission limit value for the discharge of coking wastewater to protect aquatic organisms in the receiving water bodies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014; 33:1967–1975. © 2014 SETAC
Low cost 3D global instability analysis and flow sensitivity based on dynamic mode decomposition and high‐order numerical tools
Authors: Ferrer Esteban , de Vicente Javier , Valero Eusebio 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYWe explore the recently developed snapshot‐based dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) technique, a matrix‐free Arnoldi type method, to predict 3D linear global flow instabilities. We apply the DMD technique to flows confined in an L‐shaped cavity and compare the resulting modes to their counterparts issued from classic, matrix forming, linear instability analysis (i.e. BiGlobal approach) and direct numerical simulations. Results show that the DMD technique, which uses snapshots generated by a 3D non‐linear incompressible discontinuous Galerkin Navier–Stokes solver, provides very similar results to classical linear instability analysis techniques. In addition, we compare DMD results issued from non‐linear and linearised Navier–Stokes solvers, showing that linearisation is not necessary (i.e. base flow not required) to obtain linear modes, as long as the analysis is restricted to the exponential growth regime, that is, flow regime governed by the linearised Navier–Stokes equations, and showing the potential of this type of analysis based on snapshots to general purpose CFD codes, without need of modifications. Finally, this work shows that the DMD technique can provide three‐dimensional direct and adjoint modes through snapshots provided by the linearised and adjoint linearised Navier–Stokes equations advanced in time. Subsequently, these modes are used to provide structural sensitivity maps and sensitivity to base flow modification information for 3D flows and complex geometries, at an affordable computational cost. The information provided by the sensitivity study is used to modify the L‐shaped geometry and control the most unstable 3D mode. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaction of Seleno‐ or Thiofenchone with Propiolic Acid: Wagner–Meerwein Rearrangement
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Matsui Hiroyuki , Mori Yuichi 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTA reaction of selenofenchone with propiolic acid in refluxing chloroform produced 1,3‐oxaselenin‐6‐one, which further reacted with acid to afford the ring‐opened product. A reaction of 1,3‐oxathiin‐6‐one prepared from thiofenchone with trifluoroacetic acid gave a Wagner–Meerwein rearranged product. In the presence of AlCl3, thiofenchone reacted with methyl propiolate to afford the corresponding rearranged ester.
Modulation of auditory deviance detection by acute nicotine is baseline and deviant dependent in healthy nonsmokers: a mismatch negativity study
Authors: Knott Verner , Impey Danielle , Philippe Tristan , Smith Dylan , Choueiry Joelle , de la Salle Sara , Dort Heather 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveCognitive enhancement resulting from nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation may be evidenced by increased efficiency of the auditory‐frontal cortex network of auditory discrimination, which is impaired in schizophrenia, a cognitive disorder associated with excessive tobacco use. Investigating automatic (preattentive) detection of acoustic change with the mismatch negativity (MMN) brain event‐related potential in response to nicotine in individuals with varying baseline levels of auditory discrimination may provide useful insight into the cholinergic regulation of this neural network and its potential amelioration with novel nicotinic agents.MethodsSixty healthy, non‐smoking male volunteers were presented with an ‘optimal’ multi‐feature MMN paradigm in a randomized, placebo controlled double‐blind design with 6 mg of nicotine gum.ResultsParticipants with low, medium, and high baseline amplitudes responded differently to nicotine (vs. placebo), and nicotine response was feature specific. Whereas MMN in individuals with high amplitudes was diminished by nicotine, MMN increased in those with low amplitudes. Nicotine effects were not shown in medium amplitude participants.ConclusionsThese findings provide preliminary support for the role of nicotinic neurotransmission in sensory memory processing of auditory change and suggest that nicotinic receptor modulation can both enhance and diminish change detection, depending on baseline MMN and its eliciting stimulus feature. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of risperidone in healthy volunteers
Authors: Cabaleiro Teresa , Ochoa Dolores , López‐Rodríguez Rosario , Román Manuel , Novalbos Jesús , Ayuso Carmen , Abad‐Santos Francisco 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo identify genetic markers capable of predicting the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and adverse effects of risperidone.MethodsGenotyping was performed in 70 healthy volunteers receiving a single 1 mg oral dose of risperidone. Risperidone and hydroxyrisperidone plasma levels were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry. Prolactin concentration was quantified by direct chemiluminescence.ResultsPoor CYP2D6 metabolizers showed higher risperidone Cmax, area under the curve (AUC), and t1/2, as well as lower clearance. They also showed lower Cmax and AUC and higher t1/2 for hydroxyrisperidone. Furthermore, individuals with a mutant VKORC1 genotype had a lower risperidone AUC and t1/2 and higher clearance. The hydroxyrisperidone AUC was lower in individuals with the COMT mutant genotype. Risperidone increased prolactin levels (iAUC and iCmax), which were higher in women than in men. The most frequent reactions were somnolence (47.1%), headache (21.4%), and dizziness (17.1%). Women had neurological effects and headache more frequently than men. The incidence of headache was associated with polymorphisms in the AGTR1 and NAT2; neurological effects were associated with CYP2C19.ConclusionsDifferences in the pharmacokinetics of risperidone are due to polymorphisms in CYP2D6, COMT, and VKORC1. Differences in adverse reactions can be explained by gender and polymorphisms in CYP2C19, AGTR1, and NAT2. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bivariate frequency analysis of nonstationary low‐flow series based on the time‐varying copula
Authors: Jiang Cong , Xiong Lihua , Xu Chong‐Yu , Guo Shenglian 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMany studies have analysed the nonstationarity in single hydrological variables due to changing environments. Yet, few researches have been done to investigate how the dependence structure between different individual hydrological variables is affected by changing environments. To investigate how the reservoirs have altered the dependence structure between river flows at different locations on the Hanjiang River, a time‐varying copula model, which takes the nonstationarity in the marginal distribution and/or the time variation in dependence structure between different hydrological series into consideration, is presented in this paper to perform a bivariate frequency analysis for the low‐flow series from two neighbouring hydrological gauges. The time‐varying moments model with either time or reservoir index as explanatory variables is applied to build the time‐varying marginal distributions of the two low‐flow series. It's found that both marginal distributions are nonstationary, and the reservoir index yields better performance than the time index in describing the nonstationarities in the marginal distributions. Then, the copula with the dependence parameter expressed as a function of either time or reservoir index is applied to model the variable dependence between the two low‐flow series. The copula with reservoir index as the explanatory variable of the dependence parameter has a better fitting performance than the copula with the constant or the time‐trend dependence parameter. Finally, the effect of the time variation in the joint distribution on three different types of joint return periods (i.e. AND, OR and Kendall) of low flows at two neighbouring hydrological gauges is presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Out-of-sample validation for structured expert judgment of Asian carp establishment in Lake Erie
Authors: Cooke Roger M , Wittmann Marion E , Lodge David M , Rothlisberger John D , Rutherford Edward S , Zhang Hongyan , Mason Doran M 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Structured expert judgment (SEJ) is used to quantify the uncertainty of nonindigenous fish (bighead carp [Hypophthalmichthys nobilis] and silver carp [H. molitrix]) establishment in Lake Erie. The classical model for structured expert judgment model is applied. Forming a weighted combination (called a decision maker) of experts' distributions, with weights derived from performance on a set of calibration variables from the experts' field, exhibits greater statistical accuracy and greater informativeness than simple averaging with equal weights. New methods of cross validation are applied and suggest that performance characteristics relative to equal weighting could be predicted with a small number (1–2) of calibration variables. The performance-based decision maker is somewhat degraded on out-of-sample prediction, but remained superior to the equal weight decision maker in terms of statistical accuracy and informativeness. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:522–528. © 2014 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Key Points
Structured expert judgment is applied to quantify uncertainty in Asian carp establishment in Lake Erie Calibration variables from the experts' field are used to enable performance-based combination In sample validation is applied to the combination of expert judgments and to the experts Out-of-sample validation is applied to the performance-based combination method
Osmotic regulation and tissue localization of the myo‐inositol biosynthesis pathway in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) larvae
Authors: Sacchi Romina , Gardell Alison M. , Chang Nicole , Kültz Dietmar 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe myo‐inositol biosynthesis (MIB) pathway converts glucose‐6‐phosphate to the compatible osmolyte myo‐inositol, which protects cells from salinity stress. We exposed tilapia larvae just after yolk sac resorption to various hypersaline environments and recorded robust induction of the enzymes that constitute the MIB pathway, myo‐inositol‐phosphate synthase (MIPS), and inositol monophosphatase 1 (IMPA1). Strong up‐regulation of these enzymes is evident at both mRNA (quantitative real‐time PCR) and protein (densitometric analysis of Western blots) levels. The highest level of induction of these enzymes occurs at the highest salinity that larvae were exposed to (90 ppt). Less severe salinity stress causes a proportionately reduced induction of the MIB pathway. Two distinct MIPS mRNA variants are present in tilapia larvae and both are induced at comparable levels for all the salinity challenges tested (34, 70, and 90 ppt). Immunohistochemical localization of IMPA1 protein in sagittal sections of salinity stressed and control larvae identified tissues that are particularly potent in inducing the MIB pathway. These tissues include the skin (epidermis), gills, eye (ciliary epithelium) and heart. In particular, the epidermis directly facing the external milieu showed a very strong induction of IMPA1 immunoreactivity. IMPA1 induction in response to salinity stress was not observed in other tissues suggesting that tilapia larvae may also utilize compatible organic osmolytes other than solely myo‐inositol for osmoprotection. We conclude that the MIB pathway plays an important role in protecting multiple (but not all) tissues of tilapia larvae from hyperosmotic salinity stress. J. Exp. Zool. 321A: 457–466, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computer‐automated focus lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy using fMRI
Authors: Chiang Sharon , Levin Harvey S. , Haneef Zulfi 
Published: July 2014

PurposeTo compare the performance of computer‐automated diagnosis using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) interictal graph theory (CADFIG) to that achieved in standard clinical practice with MRI, for lateralizing the affected hemisphere in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).Materials and MethodsInterictal resting state fMRI and high‐resolution MRI were performed on 14 left and 10 right TLE patients. Functional topology measures were calculated from fMRI using graph theory, and used to lateralize the epileptogenic hemisphere using quadratic discriminant analysis. Leave‐one‐out cross‐validation prediction accuracy of CADFIG was compared to performance based on expert manual analysis (MA) of MRI, using video EEG as the "gold standard" for focus lateralization.ResultsCADFIG correctly lateralized 95.8% (23/24) of cases, compared to 66.7% (16/24) with expert MA of MRI. Combining MA with CADFIG allowed all cases (24/24) to be correctly lateralized. CADFIG correctly identified the affected hemisphere for all patients (8/8) where MRI failed to lateralize.ConclusionCADFIG based on fMRI lateralized the affected hemisphere in TLE with superior performance compared to expert MA of MRI. These results demonstrate that functional patterns in fMRI can be used with automated machine learning for diagnostic lateralization in TLE. Addition of fMRI‐based tests to existing protocols for identifying the affected hemisphere in presurgical assessment can improve diagnostic accuracy and surgical outcome in TLE.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:1689–1694. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.