bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a simple, sensitive and accurate LC‐MS/MS method for the determination of guanfacine, a selective α2A‐adrenergicreceptor agonist, in plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Li Xiaonan , Li Ning , Sun Xiaolin , Yang Wei , Dai Yu , Xu Jie , Zhang Wei , Wang Chunfeng , Wang Suilou , Chen Xijing 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTA simple, practical, accurate and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and fully validated for the quantitation of guanfacine in beagle dog plasma. After protein precipitation by acetonitrile, the analytes were separated on a C18 chromatographic column by methanol and water containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid with a gradient elution. The subsequent detection utilized a mass spectrometry under positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring of guanfacine and enalaprilat (internal standard) at m/z 246.2 → 159.0 and m/z 349.2 → 205.9, respectively. Good linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 0.1–20 ng/mL for guanfacine in dog plasma and the lower limit of quantification of this method was 0.1 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were <10.8% relative standard deviation with an accuracy of 92.9–108.4%. The matrix effects ranged from 89.4 to 100.7% and extraction recoveries were >90%. Stability studies showed that both analytes were stable during sample preparation and analysis. The established method was successfully applied to an in vivo pharmacokinetic study in beagle dogs after a single oral dose of 4 mg guanfacine extended‐release tablets. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vessel co‐option in primary human tumors and metastases: an obstacle to effective anti‐angiogenic treatment?
Authors: Donnem Tom , Hu Jiangting , Ferguson Mary , Adighibe Omanma , Snell Cameron , Harris Adrian L. , Gatter Kevin C. , Pezzella Francesco 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAngiogenesis has been regarded as essential for tumor growth and progression. Studies of many human tumors, however, suggest that their microcirculation may be provided by nonsprouting vessels and that a variety of tumors can grow and metastasize without angiogenesis. Vessel co‐option, where tumor cells migrate along the preexisting vessels of the host organ, is regarded as an alternative tumor blood supply. Vessel co‐option may occur in many malignancies, but so far mostly reported in highly vascularized tissues such as brain, lung, and liver. In primary and metastatic lung cancer and liver metastasis from different primary origins, as much as 10–30% of the tumors are reported to use this alternative blood supply. In addition, vessel co‐option is introduced as a potential explanation of antiangiogenic drug resistance, although the impact of vessel co‐option in this clinical setting is still to be further explored. In this review we discuss tumor vessel co‐option with specific examples of vessel co‐option in primary and secondary tumors and a consideration of the clinical implications of this alternative tumor blood supply.
SnO2@TiO2 Heterojunction Nanostructures for Lithium‐Ion Batteries and Self‐Powered UV Photodetectors with Improved Performances
Authors: Hou Xiaojuan , Wang Xianfu , Liu Bin , Wang Qiufan , Wang Zhuoran , Chen Di , Shen Guozhen 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTo overcome the issue of inferior cycling stability and rate capacity for SnO2 anode materials in lithium‐ion batteries, an effective strategy is explored to prepare a hybrid material consisting of rutile SnO2 nanoparticles and rutile TiO2 nanorods, considering not only the small lattice mismatch to achieve a better composited lattice structure but also their superior synergistic effect in electrochemical performances. The as‐prepared SnO2@TiO2 material, directly formed on a carbon cloth as a binder‐free anode, exhibits a reversible capacity of 700 mAh g−1 after 100 discharge/charge cycles at 200 mA g−1, as well as excellent cycling stability and rate capacity. After being calcinated at high temperature, the produced hollow SnO2@TiO2 hybrid microtubes were directly used to fabricate photoelectrochemical (PEC) UV detectors for future devices with self‐powered function. A high photocurrent response of 0.1 mA cm−2 was observed, together with an excellent self‐powered and fast response and “visible blind” characteristics. Such a hybrid material could achieve a complementary effect in lithium‐ion batteries and a superior band gap match in photovoltaic devices, and could consequently be extended to applications such as dye‐sensitized solar cells and supercapacitors.
Probabilistic Analyses for Application in Plant Safety
Authors: Stephan Thomas A. , Moch Erika , Hauschild Jan , Rumpf Jürgen , Herrmann Jürgen , Hauptmanns Ulrich 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWährend in vielen Nachbarländern Deutschlands Risikoanalysen verbunden mit Bewertungskriterien für ihre Ergebnisse bereits eingeführt wurden, trifft dies in Deutschland noch nicht zu. Dennoch werden auch in Deutschland Risikoanalysen durchgeführt. Einige dieser Anwendungsfälle werden im vorliegenden Artikel beschrieben. Des Weiteren werden Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, probabilistische Analysen in Ergänzung zur bewährten deterministischen Vorgehensweise zu nutzen.
Clinical characteristics, response to therapy, and survival of African American patients diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Falchi Lorenzo , Keating Michael J. , Wang Xuemei , Coombs Catherine C. , Lanasa Mark C. , Strom Sara , Wierda William G. , Ferrajoli Alessandra 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDLittle is known regarding racial disparities in characteristics and outcomes among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).METHODSThe characteristics and outcomes of untreated African American (AA) patients with CLL (n = 84) were analyzed and compared with a reference nonblack (NB) patient population (n = 1571).RESULTSAt the time of presentation, AA patients had lower median hemoglobin levels (12.9 g/dL vs 13.7 g/dL), higher β2 microglobulin levels (2.7 mg/dL vs 2.4 mg/dL), greater frequency of constitutional symptoms (27% vs 10%), unmutated immunoglobulin heavy‐chain variable region (IGHV) mutation status (65% vs 47%), ζ‐chain–associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP70) expression (58% vs 32%), and deletion of chromosome 17p or chromosome 11q (28% vs 17%;P≤ 02 for each comparison). Fifty‐one percent of AA patients and 39% of NB patients required first‐line therapy and 91% and 88%, respectively, received chemoimmunotherapy. Overall response rates to treatment were 85% for AA patients and 94% for NB patients (P= .06); and the complete response rates were 56% and 58%, respectively (P= .87). The median survival of AA patients was shorter compared with that of NB patients (event‐free survival: 36 months vs 61 months;P= .007; overall survival: 152 months vs not reached;P= .0001). AA race was an independent predictor of shorter event‐free and overall survival in multivariable regression models.CONCLUSIONSThe current results indicated that AA patients with CLL have more unfavorable prognostic characteristics and shorter survival compared with their NB counterparts.Cancer2013;119:3177–3185. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Studying the Structure and Dynamics of Biomolecules by Using Soluble Paramagnetic Probes
Authors: Hocking Henry G. , Zangger Klaus , Madl Tobias 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCharacterisation of the structure and dynamics of large biomolecules and biomolecular complexes by NMR spectroscopy is hampered by increasing overlap and severe broadening of NMR signals. As a consequence, the number of available NMR spectroscopy data is often sparse and new approaches to provide complementary NMR spectroscopy data are needed. Paramagnetic relaxation enhancements (PREs) obtained from inert and soluble paramagnetic probes (solvent PREs) provide detailed quantitative information about the solvent accessibility of NMR‐active nuclei. Solvent PREs can be easily measured without modification of the biomolecule; are sensitive to molecular structure and dynamics; and are therefore becoming increasingly powerful for the study of biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, ligands and their complexes in solution. In this Minireview, we give an overview of the available solvent PRE probes and discuss their applications for structural and dynamic characterisation of biomolecules and biomolecular complexes.
Performance of passive samplers for monitoring estuarine water column concentrations: 1. Contaminants of concern
Authors: Perron Monique M. , Burgess Robert M. , Suuberg Eric M. , Cantwell Mark G. , Pennell Kelly G. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Contaminants enter marine and estuarine environments and pose a risk to human and ecological health. Recently, passive sampling devices have been utilized to estimate dissolved concentrations of contaminants of concern (COCs), such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In the present study, the performance of 3 common passive samplers was evaluated for sampling PAHs and PCBs at several stations in the temperate estuary Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. Sampler polymers included polyethylene (PE), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers, and polyoxymethylene (POM). Dissolved concentrations of each contaminant were calculated using measured sampler concentrations adjusted for equilibrium conditions with performance reference compounds (PRCs) and chemical-specific partition coefficients derived in the laboratory. Despite differences in PE and POM sampler concentrations, calculated total dissolved concentrations ranged from 14 ng/L to 93 ng/L and from 13 pg/L to 465 pg/L for PAHs and PCBs, respectively. Dissolved concentrations of PAHs were approximately 3 times greater based on POM compared to PE, while dissolved concentrations of PCBs based on PE were approximately 3 times greater than those based on POM. Concentrations in SPME were not reported due to the lack of detectable chemical in the amount of PDMS polymer deployed. Continued research is needed to improve and support PE and POM use for the routine monitoring of COCs. For example, a better understanding of the use of PRCs with POM is critically needed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2182–2189. © 2013 SETAC
Diurnal variations of total mercury, reactive mercury, and dissolved gaseous mercury concentrations and water/air mercury flux in warm and cold seasons from freshwaters of southwestern China
Authors: Fu Xuewu , Feng Xinbin , Yin Runsheng , Zhang Hui 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Diurnal variations of water total Hg, reactive Hg, and dissolved gaseous Hg concentrations and mercury flux were monitored at 2 sites in warm and cold seasons in an alkaline reservoir in southwestern China. Concentrations of total Hg and reactive Hg, as well as Hg fluxes, usually exhibited a consistent diurnal trend, with elevated values observed during the day. The increasing reactive Hg concentrations and Hg fluxes were highly related to the incident intensity of solar radiation, suggesting that sunlight-induced processes played an important role in the transformation of Hg in the study area. Dissolved gaseous Hg concentrations experienced different diurnal variations among the sampling sites, with peak dissolved gaseous Hg at midday under sunny weather conditions and in the early morning under cloudy and/or partially cloudy weather conditions. The peak values of dissolved gaseous Hg observed at midday agree well with previous results and highlight the sunlight-induced production of dissolved gaseous Hg in freshwaters, whereas dissolved gaseous Hg peaks at night suggest that microbial activity might be an additional mechanism for dissolved gaseous Hg production in surface waters. Total Hg, reactive Hg, and dissolved gaseous Hg concentrations and Hg fluxes in the warm season were consistently higher than those in the cold season; this is probably attributable to the combined effect of seasonal variations of environmental parameters, transformation of Hg species, and microbial activities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2256–2265. © 2013 SETAC
Highly scalable computational algorithms on emerging parallel machine multicore architectures: development and implementation in CFD context
Authors: Kannan R. , Harrand V. , Lee M. , Przekwas A. J. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, the first in a series, the authors have developed and implemented new computational algorithms for improving the scalability of CFD simulations on emerging architectures such as multicore high performance computing (HPC) platforms. These algorithmic developments and implementations are classified into three categories: (i) improved partition for multicore platforms, (ii) improved and optimized communication for HPC and (iii) enhancing scalability using computer science based methods. In the first category, the multilevel partitioning strategy was modified to reduce the number of out‐of‐core communications. This resulted in noticeable speedup even for small cases. In the second category, the authors came up with a next generation communication procedure optimized for the architecture and the partitioning. This next generation communication resulted in noticeable speedups. In the third category, improvements with respect to better management of memory were implemented. This again resulted in a speedup of nearly 10%. The overall scalability, as a result of the three algorithmic implementations, yielded ideal and at times superlinear scalability until 3000 processors. In general, the scalability results are very promising and indicate that the approach has a great potential for more complicated multidisciplinary problems such as fluid–structure interaction and aeroelastic simulations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The NADPH oxidase Nox2 regulates VEGFR1/CSF‐1R‐mediated microglial chemotaxis and promotes early postnatal infiltration of phagocytes in the subventricular zone of the mouse cerebral cortex
Authors: Lelli Aurélia , Gervais Annie , Colin Catherine , Chéret Cyril , de Almodovar Carmen Ruiz , Carmeliet Peter , Krause Karl‐Heinz , Boillée Séverine , Mallat Michel 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe phagocyte NADPH oxidase Nox2 generates superoxide ions implicated in the elimination of microorganisms and the redox control of inflammatory signaling. However, the role of Nox2 in phagocyte functions unrelated to immunity or pathologies is unknown. During development, oriented cell migrations insure the timely recruitment and function of phagocytes in developing tissues. Here, we have addressed the role of Nox2 in the directional migration of microglial cells during development. We show that microglial Nox2 regulates the chemotaxis of purified microglia mediated by the colony stimulating factor‐1 receptor (CSF‐1R) and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐1 (VEGFR1). Stimulation of these receptors triggers activation of Nox2 at the leading edge of polarized cells. In the early postnatal stages of mouse brain development, Nox2 is activated in macrophages / microglial cells in the lateral ventricle or the adjacent subventricular zone (SVZ). Fluorescent microglia injected into the lateral ventricle infiltrate the dorso‐caudal SVZ through a mechanism that is blocked by pretreatment of the injected cells with an irreversible Nox inhibitor. Infiltration of endogenous microglia into the caudal SVZ of the cerebral cortex is prevented by (1) Nox2 gene deficiency, (2) treatment with a Nox2 inhibitor (apocynin), and (3) invalidation of the VEGFR1 kinase. We conclude that phagocytes move out of the lateral ventricle soon after birth and infiltrate the cortical SVZ through a mechanism requiring microglial Nox2 and VEGFR1 activation. Nox2 therefore modulates the migration of microglia and their development.
AIRCRAFT NOISE, HEALTH, AND RESIDENTIAL SORTING: EVIDENCE FROM TWO QUASI‐EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Boes Stefan , Nüesch Stephan , Stillman Steven 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYWe explore two unexpected changes in flight regulations to estimate the causal effect of aircraft noise on health. Detailed measures of noise are linked with longitudinal data on individual health outcomes based on the exact address information. Controlling for individual heterogeneity and spatial sorting into different neighborhoods, we find that aircraft noise significantly increases sleeping problems and headaches. Models that do not control for such heterogeneity and sorting substantially underestimate the negative health effects, which suggests that individuals self‐select into residence based on their unobserved sensitivity to noise. Our study demonstrates that the combination of quasi‐experimental variation and panel data is very powerful for identifying causal effects in epidemiological field studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Partition of the Hypercube into Maximally Nonparallel Hamming Codes
Authors: Krotov Denis S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBy using the Gold map, we construct a partition of the hypercube into cosets of Hamming codes such that for every two cosets the corresponding Hamming codes are maximally nonparallel, that is, their intersection cardinality is as small as possible to admit nonintersecting cosets.
Imaging of fat‐containing lesions of the breast: A pictorial essay
Authors: Ayyappan Anoop Padoor , Crystal Pavel , Torabi Alireza , Foley Bryan J. , Fornage Bruno D. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTFat‐containing breast lesions constitute a heterogeneous group of predominantly benign tumors and non‐neoplastic conditions. The role of imaging is to distinguish leave‐me‐alone lesions from rarely occurring malignant fat‐containing tumors that require histologic analysis. Correlating mammographic findings with appearance at ultrasonography often helps in identifying lesions that do not require further work‐up. MRI can be valuable to confirm the presence of fat and characterize lesions indeterminate on conventional imaging. The purpose of this multimodality imaging review is to exemplify the radiologic appearances of common and uncommon fat‐containing breast lesions to facilitate accurate diagnosis, avoid unnecessary interventions, and ensure appropriate management. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 41:424–433, 2013
Whole body vibration induces forepaw and hind paw behavioral sensitivity in the rat
Authors: Baig Hassam A. , Guarino Benjamin B. , Lipschutz Daniel , Winkelstein Beth A. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWhole body vibration (WBV) has been linked to neck and back pain, but the biomechanical and physiological mechanisms responsible for its development and maintenance are unknown. A rodent model of WBV was developed in which rats were exposed to different WBV paradigms, either daily for 7 consecutive days (repeated WBV) or two single exposures at Day 0 and 7 (intermittent WBV). Each WBV session lasted for 30 min and was imposed at a frequency of 15 Hz and RMS platform acceleration of 0.56 ± 0.07 g. Changes in the withdrawal response of the forepaw and hind paw were measured, and were used to characterize the onset and maintenance of behavioral sensitivity. Accelerations and displacements of the rat and deformations in the cervical and lumbar spines were measured during WBV to provide mechanical context for the exposures. A decrease in withdrawal threshold was induced at 1 day after the first exposure in both the hind paw and forepaw. Repeated WBV exhibited a sustained reduction in withdrawal threshold in both paws and intermittent WBV induced a sustained response only in the forepaw. Cervical deformations were significantly elevated which may explain the more robust forepaw response. Findings suggest that a WBV exposure leads to behavioral sensitivity. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1739–1744, 2013
A role for anti‐BP180 autoantibodies in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Jeffe Jill S. , Seshadri Sudarshan , Hamill Kevin J. , Huang Julia He , Carter Roderick , Suh Lydia , Hulse Kathryn E. , Norton James , Conley David B. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Kern Robert C. , Jones Jonathan C. R. , Schleimer Robert P. , Tan Bruce K. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisChronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is accompanied by evidence of a vigorous adaptive immune response, and emerging studies demonstrate that some nasal polyps manifest a polyclonal autoantibody response. We previously found that antibodies against BP180, a component of the hemidesmosome complex and the dominant epitope in autoimmune bullous pemphigoid, were found at elevated levels in nasal polyp tissue. Given the critical role of hemidesmosomes in maintaining epithelial integrity, we sought to investigate the distribution of BP180 in nasal tissue and evaluate for evidence of systemic autoimmunity against this antigen in CRS.Study DesignCase‐control experimental study.MethodsThe expression and distribution of BP180 in cultured nasal epithelial cells and normal nasal tissue were confirmed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Sera were collected from three groups: control, CRSsNP, and CRSwNP. A commercially available ELISA was utilized to compare anti‐BP180 autoantibody levels in sera.ResultsBP180 is expressed in nasal epithelium, but is not confined to the basement membrane as it is in human skin. In cultured nasal epithelial cells, confocal immunofluorescence showed a punctate distribution of BP180 along the basal surface, consistent with its distribution in epithelial keratinocytes. There are significantly higher levels of circulating nonpathologic anti‐BP180 autoantibodies in CRS patients compared with normal controls (P <0.05).ConclusionsBP180 is more widely expressed in nasal epithelium versus skin, although it appears to play a similar role in the formation of hemidesmosomes along the basement membrane. Further investigations are ongoing to characterize the pathogenicity of the anti‐epithelial antibody response in CRS.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 123:2104–2111, 2013
Heating during infrared neural stimulation
Authors: Liljemalm Rickard , Nyberg Tobias , von Holst Hans 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectiveInfrared neural stimulation (INS) has recently evoked interest as an alternative to electrical stimulation. The mechanism of activation is the heating of water, which induces changes in cell membrane potential but may also trigger heat sensitive receptors. To further elucidate the mechanism, which may be dependent on cell type, a detailed description of the temperature distribution is necessary. A good control of the resulting temperature during INS is also necessary to avoid excessive heating that may damage the cells. Here we present a detailed model for the heating during INS and apply it for INS of in vitro neural networks of rat cerebral cortex neurons.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA model of the heating during INS of a cell culture in a non‐turbid media was prepared using multiphysics software. Experimental parameters such as initial temperature, beam distribution, pulse length, pulse duration, frequency and laser‐cell distance were used. To verify the model, local temperature measurements using open pipette resistance were conducted. Furthermore, cortical neurons in culture were stimulated by a 500 mW pulsed diode laser (wavelength 1,550 nm) launched into a 200 µm multimodal optical fiber positioned 300 µm from the glass surface. The radiant exposure was 5.2 J/cm2.ResultsThe model gave detailed information about the spatial and temporal temperature distribution in the heated volume during INS. Temperature measurements using open pipette resistance verified the model. The peak temperature experienced by the cells was 48°C. Cortical neurons were successfully stimulated using the 1,550 nm laser and single cell activation as well as neural network inhibition were observed.ConclusionThe model shows the spatial and temporal temperature distribution in the heated volume and could serve as a useful tool for future studies of the heating during INS. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:469–481, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.