bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endovascular treatment of a tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Choudhri Omar , Marks Michael P. 
Published: July 2014

Tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulae are rare intracranial fistulae, in which the fistula pocket is present within the leaves of tentorium cerebelli. These tentorial fistulae can be rarely present near the galenic complex, where they can engorge the deep venous system and cause symptoms of venous hypertension. We present an interesting case of endovascular treatment of a galenic tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula in a patient with headaches and imbalance. The fistula was accessed through the artery of Davidoff and Schecter from the posterior cerebral artery supplying the fistula. The fistula was completely embolized using Onyx and with preservation of vein of Galen.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/igX2X5tfvrg.
Endovascular management of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
Authors: Choudhri Omar , Feroze Abdullah , Marks Michael P. , Do Huy M. 
Published: July 2014

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is characterized by formation of widespread thrombus within the cerebral venous sinus system. CVST can cause venous hypertension, venous infarcts, hemorrhage and seizures. It is managed in most cases with systemic anticoagulation through the use of heparin to resolve the thrombus. Patients that demonstrate clinical deterioration while on heparin are often treated with endovascular strategies to recanalize the sinuses. We present the case of a patient with widespread CVST, involving his superior sagittal sinuses and bilateral transverse sigmoid sinuses, who was treated with a combination of endovascular therapies.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/w3wAGlT7h8c.
Balloon-assisted coil embolization of small intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Chen Peng Roc 
Published: July 2014

It is generally considered difficult and risky to treat a small aneurysm (less than 4 mm) by use of coil embolization. The main issues are related to the following factors: frequently broad-based aneurysm with shallow dome, complex in shape, difficult to maintain microcatheter stability in an aneurysm, difficult to achieve complete coil packing, and higher risk of intra-procedure rupture hemorrhage. However, routine use of balloon-assisted coiling technique will enable us to achieve successful aneurysm embolization with safety. This video demonstrates some key nuances in the balloon-assisted coil embolization of small aneurysms via three case examples.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/E1il3oPnUD8.
The Hypermetabolic Giant: 18F-FDG avid Giant Cell Tumor identified on PET-CT
Authors: O'Connor Wendi , Quintana Megan T. , Smith Scott V , Willis Monte S , McCartney William 
Published: July 2014

An 87 year-old white female presented with a two-year history of intermittent discomfort in her left foot. PET-CT identified intense18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake corresponding to the lesion. Histology of a fine needle aspiration and open biopsy were consistent with a benign giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone. GCT of bone is an uncommon primary tumor typically presenting as a benign solitary lesion that arises in the end of the long bones. While GCT can occur throughout the axial and appendicular skeleton, it is exceedingly uncommon in the bone of the foot. While 18F-FDG has been established in detecting several malignant bone tumors, benign disease processes may also be identified. The degree of 18F-FDG activity in a benign GCT may be of an intensity that can be mistakenly interpreted as a malignant lesion. Therefore, GCT of the bone can be included in the differential diagnosis of an intensely 18F-FDG-avid neoplasm located within the tarsal bones.
Pyemotes tritici (Acari: Pyemotidae): a parasitoid of Agrilus auroguttatus and Agrilus coxalis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in the southwestern United States of America and southern Mexico
Authors: Coleman Tom W. , Jones Michael I. , Hoddle Mark S. , Haavik Laurel J. , Moser John C. , Flint Mary L. , Seybold Steven J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe straw itch mite, Pyemotes tritici Lagrèze-Fossat and Montané (Acari: Pyemotidae), was discovered parasitising the goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive exotic species to California, United States of America, and the Mexican goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus coxalis Waterhouse (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), during surveys for natural enemies for a classical biological control programme for A. auroguttatus. Pyemotes tritici caused low levels of mortality to each species of flatheaded borer, but it will likely not be a good candidate for a biological control programme because it is a generalist parasitoid with deleterious human health effects.
Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Charles Bonnet Syndrome in Madrid, Spain
Authors: Santos-Bueso Enrique , Sáenz-Francés Federico , Serrador-García Mercedes , Porta-Etessam Jesús , Martínez-de-la-Casa José María , García-Feijoo Julián , García-Sánchez Julián 
Published: July 2014

Purpose Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition characterized by development of visual hallucinations in patients with no cognitive impairment and significant loss of vision mainly caused by age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or glaucoma. Methods This was a study of prevalence and characteristics of CBS diagnosed at the Neuroophthalmic Unit within the Ophthalmology Department of Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC), Madrid, Spain. Results The CBS prevalence in patients from HCSC Madrid is 0.47%, rising to 15% in patients with low vision. Women over 80 years of age comprised 58.3% of the patients, who mainly had AMD (58.3%). Main characteristics of hallucinations included animals (50%), color (58.3%), moving (75%), 6- to 12-month evolution (50%), three times a day frequency (75%), and 3- to 5-minute duration (50%). Conclusions Charles Bonnet syndrome is a complex process that must be treated jointly by ophthalmologists, neurologists, and psychiatrists in order to ensure accurate diagnosis and adequate management. New studies are needed in order to improve awareness of clinical manifestation of this condition, the incidence of which is underestimated due to patients' fear of being branded mentally ill, as well as physicians' lack of knowledge about CBS.
Safety of Hydroimplantation: A Foldable Intraocular Lens Implantation without the Use of An Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Device
Authors: Studeny Pavel , Hyndrak Michal , Kacerovsky Martin , Mojzis Peter , Sivekova Deli , Kuchynka Pavel 
Published: July 2014

Purpose To compare the safety of a single-piece, foldable intraocular lens (IOL) hydroimplantation with that of a standard implantation using an ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD). Methods One hundred consecutive patients with bilateral age-related cataract surgery were enrolled into a prospective double-blind study. Each patient's first eye was randomly assigned to a standard implantation technique with an OVD or the hydroimplantation technique, while the fellow eye received the opposite technique. The main outcomes measured were endothelial cell loss, postoperative changes of intraocular pressure (IOP), and the frequency of complications. Results The reduction of endothelial cell density 1 month and 6 months after the surgery was 9.76% ± 13.5%, 10.7% ± 12.6%, respectively, in group A (OVD) and 9.07% ± 12.7%, 9.13% ± 13.7%, respectively, in group B (hydroimplantation). The differences were not statistically significant. The mean IOP 2 hours after surgery was 10.19 ± 6.78 mm Hg in group A and 9.92 ± 7.01 mm Hg in group B. Twenty-four hours and 1 month after surgery, the mean IOP was 14.52 ± 5.59 mm Hg and 13.21 ± 3.5 mm Hg, respectively, in group A, and 15.45 ± 5.77 mm Hg and 13.1 ± 3.44 mm Hg, respectively, in group B. The differences between groups A and B were not statistically significant. Conclusions The hydroimplantation technique is a safe technique for single-piece foldable IOL implantation. There was no increase in intraoperative and postoperative complications compared with the standard implantation technique using an OVD.
Vitrectomy and Subretinal Injection of Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Large Submacular Hemorrhage Secondary to AMD
Authors: Moisseiev Elad , Ami Tal Ben , Barak Adiel 
Published: July 2014

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with subretinal injection of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for the treatment of large submacular hemorrhage (SMH) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and identify parameters correlated with the visual prognosis. Methods Thirty-one eyes that underwent PPV with subretinal tPA injection for large SMH secondary to AMD were included in this retrospective study. Main outcome measure was improvement in at least one line in visual acuity (VA). Results Improvement in VA was achieved in 14 (45.2%) patients. These patients had a significantly worse VA at presentation than patients who did not improve (p = 0.05). Central retinal thickness and earlier intervention were not correlated with the final visual prognosis. Postoperative complications included retinal detachment (19.3%), recurrent SMH (6.4%), and elevated intraocular pressure (6.4%). Conclusions The VA at presentation is the most significant pre-operative parameter associated with improvement in VA. A cutoff value of counting fingers VA is suggested, as patients with better VA at presentation did not benefit from surgery.
Coping with Fluid Restriction and the Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients with Very Low or no Daily Urine Output
Authors: Silva Luciana F. , Lopes Gildete B. , Cunha Taline O. , Protásio Bruno M. , Pisoni Ronald L. , James Sherman A. , Lopes Antonio A. 
Published: July 2014

Purpose Fluid restriction is crucial to prevent circulatory overload in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with very low urine volume, but fluid restriction may result in psychological distress. We studied MHD patients with urine volume ≤200 ml/day to investigate if their acceptance of fluid restriction was associated with their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Methods Cross-sectional study of 271 Brazilian adult MHD patients enrolled in the Prospective Study of the Prognosis of Chronic Hemodialysis Patients (PROHEMO). To assess the acceptance of fluid restriction, patients were asked about the extent of feeling bothered by living on this restriction. The KDQOL was used to determine HRQOL scores. Higher scores indicate better HRQOL with differences of >3.0 points considered clinically significant. Results 52.4% reported being “moderately to extremely” bothered by fluid restriction and had lower scores for all HRQOL scales than patients less bothered by fluid restriction. The largest covariate-adjusted differences in HRQOL were 19.5 for emotional role (p<0.001), 15.1 for emotional well-being (p<0.001), and 14.1 for vitality (p<0.001). Adjusted differences were larger for mental component (7.53 points, p<0.001) than for physical component (2.07, p = 0.075) summaries. Conclusions These results indicate that MHD patients with a lower level of acceptance of fluid restriction have poorer HRQOL, particularly in mental domains of HRQOL. The high prevalence of poor acceptance of fluid restriction in the present study underscores the need for interventions to improve acceptance of fluid restriction and determine if such interventions improve HRQOL of MHD patients with very low urine volume.
The Effect of Hemodialysis on Cardiac Enzyme Levels and Echocardiographic Parameters
Authors: Ingec Muharrem , Oguz Ebru Gok , Yildirim Tolga , Ulas Turgay , Horoz Mehmet 
Published: July 2014

Background Cardiac troponins are specific and sensitive markers of myocardial damage. Troponin levels may increase without an obvious active cardiac disease in hemodialysis patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a single hemodialysis session on echocardiographic parameters and cardiac enzyme levels, including cTn-I, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). Patients and methods Forty patients under chronic hemodialysis treatment enrolled in this prospective study. All the patients had a physical examination and underwent echocardiography before and after hemodialysis. cTn-I, CPK and CK-MB levels were also determined before and after hemodialysis in all patients. Results Post-dialysis cTn-I levels were significantly higher compared to pre-dialysis levels (p = 0.03). cTn-I levels increased in 26 patients, did not change in 1 patient and decreased in 13 patients after hemodialysis when compared to the values determined before hemodialysis. There was no significant increase in CPK and CK-MB levels after dialysis. Statistically significant changes were detected in the end-systolic diameter of the left ventricle, end-diastolic diameter of left ventricle, ejection fraction, diameter of the left atrium, diameter of the right atrium, pulmonary artery pressure and end-diastolic diameter of the right ventricle. However, there was no significant relation between these echocardiographic changes and ultrafiltration volume, blood flow rate, age, and gender. Conclusions Hemodialysis leads to an increase in cTnI levels. However, the effect of increased cTnI levels on survival rates in hemodialysis patients with underlying coronary artery disease has not yet been determined. Prospective multi-center studies with large sample size are required to clarify this issue.
Improved Islet Purity by the Hypertonic-Hypotonic Method
Authors: Li Na , Zhang Ying , Liu Yang , Xiu Zhilong , Tan Mingqian , Li Shen , Guo Xin , Wang Yu , Chen Li , Song Yizhe , Yu Weiting , Lv Guojun , Ma Xiaojun 
Published: July 2014

Introduction Islet purification is usually performed using the density gradient separation method, but the purity of islets is low because exocrine cells and the embedded islets are hard to remove by using only the density gradient method. The aim of this study was to establish a new islet purification process comprising a hypertonic-hypotonic treatment step followed by a density gradient centrifugation step to improve the purity of islets. Methods The Plackett-Burman method was used to determine which factors had a significant influence on the purity of islets obtained after the hypertonic-hypotonic treatment step. Results The hypertonic solution concentration and the incubation time were both found to have a significant effect on islet purity. The purity of islets obtained using the modified purification process was significantly higher than that of islets obtained by density gradient alone (97% vs. 87.23%). Importantly, good cell viability and normal insulin secretion ability of islets were maintained following the modified purification. Conclusions The new purification process allows isolation of islets with improved purity and does not compromise the viability or function of the islets.
New evidence for generation mechanisms of discrete and hiss‐like whistler mode waves
Authors: Gao Xinliang , Li Wen , Thorne Richard M. , Bortnik Jacob , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Lu Quanming , Tao Xin , Wang Shui 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLinear theory suggests that whistler mode wave growth rates are proportional to the ratio of hot electron (~1 to 30 keV) density to total electron density (Nh/Nt), whereas nonlinear wave theory suggests that an optimum linear growth rate is required to generate rising tone chorus from hiss‐like emissions. Using the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms waveform data collected by three probes over the past ~5 years, we investigate the correlation between Nh/Nt and wave amplitude/wave occurrence rate for rising tone, falling tone, and hiss‐like emissions separately. Statistical results show that the rising and falling tones preferentially occur in the region with a limited Nh/Nt range, whereas both the occurrence rate and wave amplitudes of hiss‐like emissions become larger for higher values of Nh/Nt. Our statistical results not only provide an important clue on the generation mechanism of hiss‐like emissions, but also provide supporting experimental evidence for the nonlinear theory of generating rising tone chorus.
Poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐graft‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) amphiphilic copolymers prepared by a combination of ring‐opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization: Synthesis, self‐assembly, and thermoresponsive property
Authors: Li Mingming , Shan Guorong , Bao Yongzhong , Pan Pengju 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThermoresponsive graft copolymers of ε‐caprolactone and N‐isopropylacrylamide were synthesized by a combination of ring‐opening polymerization and the sequential atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The copolymer composition, chemical structure, and the self‐assembled structure were characterized. The graft length and density of the copolymers were well controlled by varying the feed ratio of monomer to initiator and the fraction of chlorides along PCL backbone, which is acting as the macroinitiator for ATRP. In aqueous solution, PCL‐g‐PNIPAAm can assemble into the spherical micelles which comprise of the biodegradable hydrophobic PCL core and thermoresponsive hydrophilic PNIPAAm corona. The critical micelle concentrations of PCL‐g‐PNIPAAm were determined under the range of 6.4–23.4 mg/L, which increases with the PNIPAAm content increasing. The mean hydrodynamic diameters of PCL‐g‐PNIPAAm micelles depend strongly on the graft length and density of the PNIPAAm segment, allowing to tune the particle size within a wide range. Additionally, the PCL‐g‐PNIPAAm micelles exhibit thermosensitive properties and aggregate when the temperature is above the lower critical solution temperature. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41115.
The Association of Gender to Cardiovascular Outcomes After Coronary Artery Revascularization in Patients With End‐Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Krishnaswami Ashok , Chang Tara I. , Jang James J. , Leong Thomas K. , Go Alan S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundInadequate recruitment of women and an exclusion of patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in coronary revascularization trials have led to knowledge gaps of gender‐based outcomes.HypothesisWomen have equivalent cardiovascular outcomes when compared to men.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study utilizing Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) databases and identified 1015 adults with ESRD who underwent coronary revascularization between 1996 and 2008. We ascertained baseline characteristics, primary (mortality at 5 years) and secondary (myocardial infarction [MI] and repeat revascularization) outcomes from KPNC databases, state death certificates, and Social Security Administration files. A multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association of gender to the prespecified outcomes.ResultsMen and women were similar in age (P = 0.23). The mean number of baseline comorbidities was higher in women (2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5‐2.9) compared to men (2.3, 95% CI: 2.1‐2.4, P = 0.0002). The risk‐adjusted odds ratios (OR) of female gender to death at 5 years (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.83‐1.52), MI (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.86‐1.64), and repeat revascularization (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.70‐1.45) were similar to men. Age modified the effect of gender for the primary outcome death (Pinteraction < 0.048), with a trend toward worse outcomes in younger women and improved outcomes in older women. This effect was noted more in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting.ConclusionsAlthough the overall relative risk of cardiovascular outcomes after coronary revascularization in ESRD was equivalent between men and women, age had a significant interaction with gender on overall mortality.
Chemical Hydrogen Storage: Ammonia Borane Dehydrogenation Catalyzed by NP3 Ruthenium Hydrides (NP3=N(CH2CH2PPh2)3)
Authors: Rossin Andrea , Rossi Andrea , Peruzzini Maurizio , Zanobini Fabrizio 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTwo novel RuII hydrides containing the tripodal polyphosphine ligand NP3 (N(CH2CH2PPh2)3) have been prepared and characterized: (κ4‐NP3)Ru(H)2 (1) and [(κ4‐NP3)Ru(H)(η2‐H2)]BArCl4 (2; ArCl=3,5‐dichlorophenyl, C6H3Cl2). The classical and nonclassical nature of the hydride ligand in 1 and 2, respectively, has been confirmed by solution NMR studies and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The reaction of 1 and 2 with excess ammonia borane (NH3⋅BH3, AB) has been analyzed experimentally through variable‐temperature multinuclear (11B, 31P, 1H) NMR spectroscopy, kinetic rate measurements, and kinetic isotope effect determination with deuterated AB isotopologues. Both complexes are active in AB dehydrogenation, with release of two H2 equivalents per AB equivalent, with concomitant polyborazylene and cyclic polyaminoborane formation as the final “spent fuel”. A DFT modeling of the AB first dehydrogenation step has been finally performed, at the M06//6‐31G* level of theory. The combination of the kinetic and computational data reveals that the initial AB activation step is different for the two catalysts: a simultaneous BH/NH activation occurs in the presence of 1, whereas the NH activation only is the rate‐determining step if 2 is employed as a catalyst.
Body Weight, Eating Patterns, and Physical Activity: The Role of Education
Authors: Atella Vincenzo , Kopinska Joanna 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this article, we empirically study the role of education attainment on individual body mass index (BMI), eating patterns, and physical activity. We allow for endogeneity of schooling choices for females and males in a mean and quantile instrumental variables framework. We find that completion of lower secondary education has a significant positive impact on reduction of individual BMI, containment of calorie consumption, and promotion of physical activity. Interestingly, these effects are heterogeneous across genders and distributions. In particular, for BMI and calorie expenditure, the effect of education is significant for females and is more pronounced for women with high body mass and low physical activity. On the other hand, the effect of education on eating patterns is significant mainly for males, being more beneficial for men with elevated calorie consumption. We also show that education attainment is likely to foster productive and allocative efficiency of individuals in the context of BMI formation. Given that the literature suggests that education fosters development of cognition, self-control, and a variety of skills and abilities, in our context it is thus likely to promote lifetime preferences and means of individuals, which in turn enable them to achieve better health outcomes. Education also provides exposure to physical education and to school subjects enhancing individual deliberative skills, which are important factors shaping calorie expenditure and intake. Finally, we show that in the presence of strong socioeconomic inequalities in BMI, education is likely to have a pronounced impact on healthy BMI for the disadvantaged groups, represented in our framework by females.