bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kidney diseases caused by glomerular basement membrane typeIVcollagen defects in dogs
Authors: Lees George E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo review the pathogenesis, as well as the clinical and pathologic features of canine glomerular diseases caused by genetic typeIVcollagen defects.Data SourcesOriginal studies and review articles from human and veterinary medical fields.Human Data SynthesisPresence in glomerular basement membranes (GBM) of a network composed of α3.α4.α5 heterotrimers of typeIVcollagen is required to maintain structure and function of glomerular capillary walls.Veterinary Data SynthesisHereditary nephropathy (HN) is the most commonly used name for kidney diseases that occur in dogs due to genetic typeIVcollagen abnormalities. To date, 4 different collagenIVgene mutations have been identified in dogs withHN; 2 areCOL4A5mutations that causeX‐linkedHN(XL‐HN), and 2 areCOL4A4mutations that cause autosomal recessiveHN(AR‐HN). Affected males withXL‐HNand affected males and females withAR‐HNdevelop juvenile‐onset kidney disease manifested by proteinuria typically starting at 3–6 months of age and followed by progressive kidney disease leading to terminal failure usually at 6–24 months of age. Carrier female dogs withXL‐HNalso develop proteinuria starting at 3–6 months of age, but progressive disease causing kidney failure is uncommon until they are >5 years old. The distinctive pathologic lesions ofHNare extensive multilaminar splitting and thickening of theGBM, as demonstrated by electron microscopy, and abnormal typeIVcollagen α‐chain content of basement membranes, as demonstrated by immunolabeling. Identification of the underlying gene mutations has permitted genetic testing and selective breeding practices that currently are minimizingHNin breeds known to be at risk.ConclusionsCanineHNis a rare disease that should be considered whenever a dog exhibits a juvenile‐onset kidney disease characterized partly by proteinuria, but highly specialized methods are required to pursue a definitive diagnosis.
Real-Time Identification of Ill-Conditioned
Structures
Authors: Moustafa Kamal A. F. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The dynamical characteristics of structures, that could be ill-conditioned, is represented in this paper by a linear multi-degree of freedom canonical model. A time domain identification technique is suggested to estimate the mass, damping and stiffness matrices, in real-time, by using excitation-response measurement records. A singular perturbation technique is used to deal with ill-conditioning of the mass matrix. The least square method is applied to recover the unknown matrices. A numerical example is presented to verify the results. The possibility of applying the proposed technique to offshore towers is indicated.
Parasitic Seismic Response of Equipment in Base Isolated Structure
Mounted on Sliding Bearings
Authors: Ikonomou A. S. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
All the implementations of seismic base isolation of structures until today—except for one (1982)—have used laminated rubber bearings inserted at foundation level which transfer simultaneously both horizontal and vertical forces. The double function of these bearings and the buckling problem resulting from it have led designers to restrict the fundamental period of the isolated structure to values less than 1.5–2 s in order to avoid large displacements, and this has caused a limitation of isolation efficiency. On the contrary, when the transfer of vertical forces is uncoupled from the transfer of horizontal forces, i.e., when these two functions are accomplished by independent components (for example, sliding bearings and steel or rubber springs, respectively), the buckling problem is overcome. The present study deals with equipment installed in an isolated structure mounted on such a dual support. It carries out a parameter analysis of the parasitic response of the equipment produced by horizontal friction force transferred to the structure through the sliding bearings. The parameters considered are: 1) the fundamental period of the isolated structure (1.5 to 7 s), 2) the stiffness of the sliding bearings, 3) the friction coefficient μ (2 to 15 percent), 4) the ratio σ of equipment mass to the whole structure mass (σ = 0.125 to 50 percent), 5) the frequency content of the ground seismic motion, 6) its intensity (0.3 to 3.0g GPA), and 7) the fundamental frequency of the equipment (3 to 30 Hz).
An Experimental Study of Elastic-Plastic Fracture on the Special
Shape Plate Specimen With High Strain Gradient Simulating Pressure Vessel
Nozzles
Authors: Zhao Y. , Li Z. Z. , Wang Y. P. , Zheng G. X. , Cheng G. L. , Huang Z. B. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The paper presents a special shape plate specimen with high strain gradient fields which are similar to those at pressure vessel nozzles. On the specimens, experimental J parameter was obtained by means of the multiple specimen technique; the CTOD δt of three definitions was measured with the microphotography technique; the fracture criteria of the crack initiation were examined at the same time. Thus the estimation formula of the parameter J and the relation between J and δt are deduced for practical nozzle corner cracks. The suitability of the engineering methods of defect assessment being used popularly all over the world and the problem of J controlling crack growth are discussed at the end of the paper.
Design of Fixed Tubesheet for Heat Exchangers
Authors: Paliwal D. N. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A new method of design, using the concept of equivalent solid thick plate on elastic foundation is described. Component theory that takes into account the influence of transverse shearing strain and uses more exact expressions for normal stresses, is employed. Use of more accurate values of effective elastic constants for thick plates and generalized plane strain case and the local stress multipliers due to Slot and O’Donnell [14] and Porowski and O’Donnell [15], respectively, is suggested. Effects of solid annular rim, differential expansions between tubes and shell, and interaction between tubesheet and shell/channel are also taken into account.
Design of Pressure Vessel Cascades for Electromagnetic
Launchers
Authors: Fahrenthold E. P. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The relatively recent development of very high-energy density pulsed power supplies has motivated a renewed interest in the structural design of electromagnetic launchers. Cascade design electromagnetic launcher pressure vessels offer convenient maintenance access to high wear rate components of the structure while satisfying an unusual combination of electromagnetic, strength, and preloading constraints imposed on the system designer. Analysis for design of such structures focuses on the accurate characterization of fluid-structure interaction under dynamic asymmetric loading.
Flow-Induced Instability of Heat-Exchanger Tubes due to Axial Flow in
a Diffuser-Shaped, Loose Intermediate Support
Authors: Yasuo A. , Paidoussis M. P. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In some heat exchangers and steam generators, the flow is predominantly axial, and the external fluid flows between baffled compartments through enlarged holes in the baffles around the heat exchanger tubes. Thus, the tube is subjected to relatively high flow velocities over small portions of its length, in the baffle locations. In this paper, the dynamics of such an idealized system is investigated, involving a cylindrical beam with pinned ends in axial flow, going through a baffle plate of finite thickness at some intermediate point, with small radial clearance. The fluid forces along the tube are formulated in a manner reminiscent of the transfer-matrix technique, since the character of these forces changes drastically along the tube. The fluid forces are determined approximately by means of potential flow theory, and viscous effects are taken into account only in a global sense. It was found that if the flow passage through the baffle plate is diffuser-shaped, negative fluid-dynamic damping is generated therein, destabilizing the system and leading to flutter at relatively low flow velocities. The instability depends critically on the shape of the hole through the baffle and on the clearance; thus a convergent-type flow passage does not lead to instability. The negative fluid-dynamic damping is linearly proportional to the flow velocity through the baffle.
An Investigation Into the Post-Stable Behavior of a Tube Array in
Cross-Flow
Authors: Lever J. H. , Rzentkowski G. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In the experimental determination of fluid-elastic stability thresholds in tube arrays, the critical flow velocity is normally approached from below. Once large amplitude whirling motions are initiated, however, the system often does not retrace the response curve as flow velocity is reduced. This hysteresis behavior has been the subject of a recent investigation utilizing a newly constructed wind tunnel facility at Memorial University. The post-stable response of a 1.375-pitch ratio parallel triangular array was first generated under steady flow conditions, with positive velocity increments to just beyond the threshold, then velocity reductions in steps back to stable amplitude levels. It was found that an array with 7 central flexible tubes displayed a fairly broad hysteresis loop, while the same array with only a single flexible tube displayed no hysteresis. The transition from steady stable response levels to steady unstable response levels was then investigated using two types of transient excitation: tube displacement and flow velocity. The effect of increasing tube damping was also investigated.
Singularity Conditions
of 3T1R Parallel Manipulators With Identical Limb
Structures
Authors: Amine Semaan , Tale
Masouleh Mehdi , Caro Stéphane , Wenger Philippe , Gosselin Clément 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This paper deals with the singularity analysis of parallel manipulators with identical limb structures performing Schönflies motions, namely, three independent translations and one rotation about an axis of fixed direction (3T1R). Eleven architectures obtained from a recent type synthesis of such manipulators are analyzed. The constraint analysis shows that these architectures are all overconstrained and share some common properties between the actuation and the constraint wrenches. The singularities of such manipulators are examined through the singularity analysis of the 4-RUU parallel manipulator. A wrench graph representing the constraint wrenches and the actuation forces of the manipulator is introduced to formulate its superbracket. Grassmann–Cayley Algebra is used to obtain geometric singularity conditions. Based on the concept of wrench graph, Grassmann geometry is used to show the rank deficiency of the Jacobian matrix for the singularity conditions. Finally, this paper shows the general aspect of the obtained singularity conditions and their validity for 3T1R parallel manipulators with identical limb structures.
Genome Sequence of the Alkaliphilic Bacterial Strain
Bacillus ligninesis
L1, a Novel Degrader of Lignin
Authors: Zhu Daochen , Li Pingping , Tanabe Shoko-Hosoi , Sun Jianzhong 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Bacillus ligninesis
strain L1, isolated from seafloor sediment, was able to grow on medium with lignin as its sole carbon source. Here, we report a 3.8-Mbp high-quality genome sequence for this bacterium. The genes involving ectoine and glycine betaine synthesis, as well as those involved in the degradation of lignin, were identified.
Performance of the Cepheid CT/NG Xpert Rapid PCR Test for Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Gaydos Charlotte A. , Van Der Pol Barbara , Jett-Goheen Mary , Barnes Mathilda , Quinn Nicole , Clark Carey , Daniel Grace E. , Dixon Paula B. , Hook Edward W. ,   The CT/NG Study Group
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Tests for
Chlamydia trachomatis
and
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
, which can provide results rapidly to guide therapeutic decision-making, offer patient care advantages over laboratory-based tests that require several days to provide results. We compared results from the Cepheid GeneXpert CT/NG (Xpert) assay to results from two currently approved nucleic acid amplification assays in 1,722 female and 1,387 male volunteers. Results for chlamydia in females demonstrated sensitivities for endocervical, vaginal, and urine samples of 97.4%, 98.7%, and 97.6%, respectively, and for urine samples from males, a sensitivity of 97.5%, with all specificity estimates being ≥99.4%. Results for gonorrhea in females demonstrated sensitivities for endocervical, vaginal, and urine samples of 100.0%, 100.0%, and 95.6%, respectively, and for urine samples from males, a sensitivity of 98.0%, with all estimates of specificity being ≥99.8%. These results indicate that this short-turnaround-time test can be used to accurately test patients and to possibly do so at the site of care, thus potentially improving chlamydia and gonorrhea control efforts.
Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin: investigation of prognostic factors and outcome using a standard treatment protocol
Authors: Lowrie M. , Smith P. M. , Garosi L. 
Published: March 2013

Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) is a common inflammatory CNS disease in dogs, with a variable and unpredictable outcome. MRI and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) features were prospectively evaluated to establish their utility as prognostic markers for predicting mortality, relapse and long‐term outcome in 39 dogs with MUO. MRI and CSF analysis were performed at initial diagnosis and three months into treatment with prednisolone and cytosine arabinoside. When possible, MRI was repeated every 12 months thereafter. Median survival time was 26 days. All deaths occurred within 52 days of diagnosis (22/39; 56 per cent). One‐third (13/39) died within 72 hours of diagnosis. Outcome was good or excellent in 12/17 surviving dogs. Loss of the cerebral sulci and foramen magnum herniation on MRI were associated with increased risk of mortality. An abnormal CSF analysis at the three‐month re‐examination was associated with increased risk of relapse (P=0.04). The combination of MRI and CSF analysis provided a greater sensitivity for predicting relapse than one modality alone. Discontinuing treatment before MRI lesions resolved always resulted in relapse. The presence of certain MRI characteristics may indicate an increased risk of mortality. Dogs alive three months following diagnosis have a very low risk of death due to MUO.
SPONTANEOUS BREAKING OF LORENTZ SYMMETRY AND VERTEX OPERATORS FOR VORTICES
Authors: BALACHANDRAN A. P. , KÜRKÇÜOǦLU S. , DE QUEIROZ A. R. 
Published: March 2013

We first review the spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking in the presence of massless gauge fields and infraparticles. This result was obtained long time ago in the context of rigorous quantum field theory (QFT) by Fröhlich, Morchio and Strocchi [Ann. Phys.119, 241 (1979); Phys. Lett. B89, 61 (1979)] and reformulated by Balachandran and Vaidya (arXiv:1302.3406) using the notion of superselection sectors and direction-dependent test functions at spatial infinity for gauge transformations. Inspired by these developments and under the assumption that the spectrum of the electric charge is quantized (in units of a fundamental charge e), we construct a family of vertex operators which create winding number k, electrically charged Abelian vortices from the vacuum (zero winding number sector) and/or shift the winding number by k units. Vortices created by this vertex operator may be viewed both as a source and as a probe for inducing and detecting the breaking of spontaneous Lorentz symmetry. We find that for rotating vortices, the vertex operator at level k shifts the angular momentum of the vortex by [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the electric charge of the quantum state of the vortex and q is the charge of the vortex scalar field under the U(1) gauge field. We also show that, for charged-particle-vortex composites, angular momentum eigenvalues shift by [Formula: see text] being the electric charge of the charged-particle-vortex composite. This leads to the result that for [Formula: see text] half-odd integral and for odd k, our vertex operators flip the statistics of charged-particle-vortex composites from bosons to fermions and vice versa. For fractional values of [Formula: see text], application of vertex operator on charged-particle-vortex composite leads in general to composites with anyonic statistics.
Gene Variants in Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis and Cutaneous Melanoma Progression
Authors: Park Jong Y. , Amankwah Ernest K. , Anic Gabriella M. , Lin Hui-Yi , Walls Brooke , Park Hyun , Krebs Kevin , Madden Melissa , Maddox Kristen , Marzban Suroosh , Fang Shenying , Chen Wei , Lee Jeffrey E. , Wei Qingyi , Amos Christopher I. , Messina Jane L. , Sondak Vernon K. , Sellers Thomas A. , Egan Kathleen M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Background: Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are important in the progression of melanoma. We investigated associations between genetic variants in these pathways with sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis and mortality in 2 independent series of patients with melanoma.
Methods: Participants at Moffitt Cancer Center were 552 patients, all Caucasian, with primary cutaneous melanoma referred for SLN biopsy. A total of 177 patients had SLN metastasis, among whom 60 died from melanoma. Associations between 238 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 26 genes and SLN metastasis were estimated as ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using logistic regression. Competing risk regression was used to estimate HRs and 95% CI for each SNP and melanoma-specific mortality. We attempted to replicate significant findings using data from a genome-wide association study comprising 1,115 patients with melanoma who were referred for SLN biopsy from MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), among whom 189 patients had SLN metastasis and 92 patients died from melanoma.
Results: In the Moffitt dataset, we observed significant associations in 18 SNPs with SLN metastasis and 17 SNPs with mortality. Multiple SNPs in COL18A1, EGF receptor (EGFR), FLT1, interleukin (IL)-10, platelet-derived growth factor D (PDGFD), PIK3CA, and toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 were associated with the risk of SLN metastasis and/or patient mortality. The MDACC data set replicated an association between mortality and rs2220377 in PDGFD. Furthermore, in a meta-analysis, 3 additional SNPs were significantly associated with SLN metastasis (EGFR rs723526 and TLR3 rs3775292) and melanoma-specific death (TLR3 rs7668666).
Conclusions: These findings suggest that genetic variation in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis contributes to regional nodal metastasis and progression of melanoma.
Impact: Additional research attempting to replicate these results is warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(5); 827–34. ©2013 AACR.
Adherence to the WCRF/AICR Guidelines for Cancer Prevention Is Associated with Lower Mortality among Older Female Cancer Survivors
Authors: Inoue-Choi Maki , Robien Kim , Lazovich DeAnn 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Background: The 2007 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) guidelines encourage cancer survivors to follow its cancer prevention recommendations. We evaluated whether adherence to the WCRF/AICR guidelines for cancer prevention was associated with lower mortality among older female cancer survivors.
Methods: From 2004 to 2009, 2,017 participants in the Iowa Women's Health Study who had a confirmed cancer diagnosis (1986–2002) and completed the 2004 follow-up questionnaire were followed. Adherence scores for the WCRF/AICR guidelines for body weight, physical activity, and diet were computed assigning one, 0.5 or 0 points to each of eight recommendations depending on the degree of adherence. All-cause (n = 461), cancer-specific (n = 184), and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality (n = 145) were compared by the total adherence score and by adherence scores for each of the three components of the recommendations.
Results: Women with the highest (6–8) versus lowest (0–4) adherence score had lower all-cause mortality [HR = 0.67; 95% confidence of interval (CI), 0.50–0.94]. Meeting the physical activity recommendation was associated with lower all-cause (Ptrend &lt; 0.0001), cancer-specific (Ptrend = 0.04), and CVD-specific mortality (Ptrend = 0.03). Adherence to dietary recommendations was associated with lower all-cause mortality (Ptrend &lt; 0.05), whereas adherence to the body weight recommendation was associated with higher all-cause mortality (Ptrend = 0.009).
Conclusions: Adherence to the WCRF/AICR guidelines was associated with lower all-cause mortality among older female cancer survivors. Adherence to the physical activity recommendation had the strongest association with lower all-cause and disease-specific mortality.
Impact: Older cancer survivors may decrease their risk of death by leading a healthy lifestyle after a cancer diagnosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(5); 792–802. ©2013 AACR.
Endovascular Stroke Therapy
Authors: Kellert Lars , Hametner Christian , Rohde Stefan , Bendszus Martin , Hacke Werner , Ringleb Peter , Stampfl Sibylle 
Published: March 2013

Background and Purpose—
To investigate the relationship between severe bleeding complications and outcome after mechanical thrombectomy with or without glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban treatment.

Methods—
The study included prospectively collected data of consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke in whom mechanical thrombectomy was perfomed in the years 2006 to 2011.

Results—

Of 162 patients, 128 patients had anterior circulation stroke, and 34 patients had posterior circulation stroke. Additional treatment with tirofiban was given to 30 of 128 patients with anterior circulation stroke and to 20 of 34 patients with posterior circulation stroke. Treatment with tirofiban did not influence recanalization rates. Fatal intracerebral hemorrhage occurred more frequently in tirofiban-treated patients in the entire cohort (12.0% vs 2.7%;
P
=0.03) and in tirofiban-treated patients with anterior circulation stroke (13.3% vs 3.1%;
P
=0.05). Logistic regression found age (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.37;
P
=0.05) and tirofiban treatment (odds ratio, 3.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.50–4.05;
P
=0.04) to be independent predictors for fatal intracerebral hemorrhage. Tirofiban treatment was also an independent predictor for poor outcome (odds ratio, 6.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–41.52;
P
=0.04) in addition to National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.17;
P
=0.05).

Conclusions—
In endovascular stroke therapy, additional treatment with the glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban is associated with increased risk of fatal intracerebral hemorrhage and poor outcome.