bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burnout among intensive care nurses, physicians and leaders during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A national longitudinal study
Authors: Hovland Ingvild Strand , Skogstad Laila , Diep Lien My , Ekeberg Øivind , Ræder Johan , Stafseth Siv Karlsson , Hem Erlend , Rø Karin Isaksson , Lie Irene 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundBurnout is frequent among intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare professionals and may result in medical errors and absenteeism. The COVID‐19 pandemic caused additional strain during working hours and also affected off‐duty life. The aims of this study were to survey burnout levels among ICU healthcare professionals during the first year of COVID‐19, describe those who reported burnout, and analyse demographic and work‐related factors associated with burnout.MethodsThis was a national prospective longitudinal cohort study of 484 nurses, physicians and leaders working in intensive care units with COVID‐19 patients in Norway. Burnout was measured at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up, after a registration of baseline data during the first months of the COVID epidemic. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), was used (range 0–100), burnout caseness defined as CBI ≥50. Bi‐ and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine baseline demographic variables and work‐related factors associated with burnout caseness at 12 months.ResultsAt 6 months, the median CBI score was 17, increasing to 21 at 12 months (p = .037), with nurses accounting for most of the increase. Thirty‐two per cent had an increase in score of more than 5, whereas 25% had a decrease of more than 5. Ten per cent reported caseness of burnout at 6 months and 14% at 12 months (n.s.). The participants with burnout caseness were of significantly lower age, had fewer years of experience, reported more previous anxiety and/or depression, more moral distress, less perceived hospital recognition, and more fear of infection in the bivariate analyses. Burnout was the single standing most reported type of psychological distress, and 24 out of 41 (59%) with burnout caseness also reported caseness of anxiety, depression and/or post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Multivariate analysis showed statistically significant associations of burnout caseness with fewer years of professional experience (p = .041) and borderline significance of perceived support by leader (p = .049).ConclusionIn Norway, a minority of ICU nurses, physicians and leaders reported burnout 1 year into the pandemic. A majority of those with burnout reported anxiety, depression and/or PTSD symptoms combined. Burnout was associated with less years of professional experience.
Phototrap‐assessed diel activity of Cerambyx cerdo and Cerambyx welensii sympatric populations in the wild: Does extreme drought boost diurnality?
Authors: Torres‐Vila Luis M. , López‐Calvo Rafael , Ponce‐Escudero Francisco , Mendiola‐Díaz F. Javier , Fernández‐Moreno Félix , Sánchez‐González Álvaro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) are a very diverse group whose species vary greatly in morphology and behaviour, particularly in diel activity. The type genus Cerambyx includes two large oak‐ling sympatric species (Cerambyx cerdo and Cerambyx welensii) that exhibit a crepuscular/nocturnal (dim‐light) lifestyle, but their actual diel activity remains largely unclear.
We used phototraps in the wild to assess if diel activity depended on either species, sex or annual meteorology. Phototraps were highly effective, and the imaged activities were representative of beetles' life, including interactions with some vertebrate species.
Both longhorns exhibited roughly similar crepuscular/nocturnal behaviour, with daytime activity being usually residual or erratic. Diel activity increased sharply just before dusk, peaked between dusk and early dark night (23:00–2:00 h), and then dropped progressively until disappearing at dawn. Diel activity was sexually dimorphic in C. welensii, as in some years females tended to be active earlier than males.
Distinctly, in 2022, the warmest and driest year recorded in the study area, diel activity curves were flatter and wider, with C. cerdo activity increasing in the late afternoon (19:00–21:30 h) and C. welensii in the second half of the night (3:00–6:00 h). Furthermore, both species boosted daytime activity (diurnality) by more than three times, and diurnality also increased over the season that year.
We finally hypothesise that, under the current climate change scenario, extreme droughts impact diel activity in these species, particularly boosting diurnality, in an attempt to locate water/food sources to counteract body dehydration.
The prevalence of, and factors associated with, a risk of depression in residential aged care services residents: Findings from the FIRST study
Authors: Sakai Tomomichi , Jadczak Agathe Daria , Khalid Ashna , Piovezan Ronaldo D. , Leemaqz Shalem , Visvanathan Renuka 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesDepression is common amongst Australian residential aged care services (RACS) residents. This study aimed to estimate the risk of depression amongst residents and identify factors associated with this risk. In care settings such as RACS, time‐efficient screening tools to identify depression risk may be a preferred tool.MethodsThe two‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐2), derived from the nine‐item PHQ‐9 used commonly in the United States (US), was employed in this study. A resident was identified as being at risk of depression where the score was ≥3. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors associated with being at risk of depression.ResultsResidents' mean age was 87.7 (standard deviation: 7.3) years and 73% were female. One‐fifth of residents (n = 108 or 20%) were at risk of depression. Age (odds ratio [OR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93–0.99); Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) score (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.11–2.16); Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.13); and 38‐item Frailty Index (FI) score (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03–1.10) were significantly associated with being at risk of depression, whilst sex, urinary incontinence, polypharmacy, Dementia Severity Rating Scale (DSRS) and Nursing Home Life Space Diameter (NHLSD) score were not.ConclusionsOne in five residents were at risk of depression. Younger age, higher pain, higher daytime sleepiness and higher frailty status were associated with depressive risk. Future studies focusing on interventions targeting these factors may contribute to improved health outcomes.
Digit ratios and hospitalization for COVID‐19: A test of the low‐androgen‐driven and high‐androgen‐driven theories of COVID‐19 severity
Authors: Kasielska‐Trojan Anna , Manning John T. , Jabłkowski Maciej , Białkowska‐Warzecha Jolanta , Kwaśniewska Oliwia , Hirschberg Angelica L , Antoszewski Bogusław 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSex hormones are likely to be important determinants of COVID‐19 severity, and two opposing explanations regarding severity, the low‐androgen‐driven and high‐androgen‐driven theories, seek to explain this pattern. Digit ratios are sex dependent (males < females) and are claimed to be markers for both prenatal and postnatal testosterone.ObjectivesHere, we use a measure of COVID‐19severity (hospitalization), compare digit ratios in patients and controls and consider whether vaccination status changed these associations.Material and methodsFour digits were measured (2D, 3D, 4D, 5D). There were 194 participants (94 hospitalized patients [45 men] and 100 controls [53 men]) in Sample I and 162 participants (100 hospitalized [42 men], including 40 vaccinated and 62 controls [32 men]) in Sample II. Six ratios were calculated (2D:3D; 2D:4D; 2D:5D; 3D:4D; 3D:5D, 4D:5D) and compared between COVID‐19 hospitalized and non‐hospitalized patients and vaccinated and non‐vaccinated.ResultsIn comparison to controls, we found higher (“feminized”) means in patient ratios that included 5D (2D:5D; 3D:5D; 4D:5D) in both samples. The differences were independent of sex and age. Hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 have higher (feminized) means and higher standard deviations (SDs) for 5D digit ratios.DiscussionDigit ratios are sex dependent (males < females) and are considered as markers for both prenatal and postnatal testosterone. If verified in future studies, the results will be helpful in regard to targeting mortality‐reducing therapies for COVID‐19 in certain groups of patients.ConclusionWe conclude that the association between high (feminized) 5D ratios and hospitalization supports the low‐androgen‐driven theory of COVID‐19 severity.
Prevalence and prognostic value of zinc and selenium deficiency in advanced chronic liver disease
Authors: Dominik Nina , Balcar Lorenz , Semmler Georg , Simbrunner Benedikt , Schwarz Michael , Hofer Benedikt S. , Hartl Lukas , Jachs Mathias , Scheiner Bernhard , Pinter Matthias , Trauner Michael , Mandorfer Mattias , Pilger Alexander , Reiberger Thomas 
Published: July 2024

SummaryBackground and AimsZinc and selenium are essential trace elements involved in important (patho)physiological processes. The prevalence and prognostic implications of zinc and selenium deficiency in patients with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) remain unknown.MethodsWe determined serum zinc and selenium concentrations in 309 patients with ACLD undergoing hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement between 2019 and 2022. We evaluated the prevalence of zinc/selenium deficiency and assessed its association with severity of ACLD and liver‐related events (LRE, i.e. first/further hepatic decompensation/liver‐related death).ResultsAmong 309 ACLD patients (median: age: 57 [IQR: 50–64], MELD: 11 [IQR: 9–16], HVPG: 17 [IQR: 11–20]), 73% (227) and 63% (195) were deficient in zinc and selenium, respectively. Decompensated (dACLD) patients showed significantly lower serum zinc (median: 48 [IQR: 38–59] vs. compensated, cACLD: 65 [IQR: 54–78], p < 0.001) and selenium levels (median: 4.9 [IQR 4.0–6.2] vs. cACLD: 6.1 [IQR 5.1–7.3], p < 0.001). Significant correlations of zinc/selenium levels were found with MELD (zinc: ρ = −0.498, p < 0.001; selenium: ρ = −0.295, p < 0.001), HVPG (zinc: ρ = −0.400, p < 0.001; selenium: ρ = −0.157, p = 0.006) and liver disease‐driving mechanisms (IL6, bile‐acid homeostasis). On multivariable analysis, low zinc/selenium levels, age and MELD remained independently associated with LRE.ConclusionZinc and selenium deficiencies are common in ACLD patients especially with higher MELD and HVPG. Low zinc and selenium levels independently predicted hepatic decompensation and liver‐related death. The effect of zinc/selenium supplementation in ACLD should be investigated in future trials.
Effects of cashew nutshell liquid on milk production and methane emission of dairy cows in a farm condition
Authors: Gaspe R‐Jun Frederick Avelino , Obitsu Taketo , Sugino Toshihisa , Kurokawa Yuzo , Kuroki Yuma 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify the efficacy of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) in methane emissions, milk production, and rumen fermentation of lactating cows in practical conditions. Ten Holstein lactating cows were used in a free‐stall barn with a milking robot. Two treatments were arranged as control (no CNSL additive, n = 5) or CNSL addition (10 g/day of CNSL, n = 5) for 21 days after the 7‐day preliminary period. A sniffer method was applied to predict daily methane production and methane conversion factor (MCF). In vitro, rumen gas production was also tested using the rumen fluid of individual cows. Daily dry matter intake (DMI), eating time, milk production, and methane production were not affected by the CNSL addition. However, methane production per DMI and MCF were lower (p ≤ 0.01) for the CNSL cows than those for the control cows. Ruminal total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and acetate proportion tended to be lower (p < 0.15) for CNSL cows. A tendency to decrease (p < 0.10) in methane was also observed in the in vitro incubation with the rumen fluid obtained from the CNSL cows compared with those from the control cows. These results suggest that adding CNSL to diets could reduce the methane yield of cows in practical conditions.
Perceived greenwashing and employee green behavior: The roles of green organizational identity and self‐serving leadership
Authors: Ma Yufei , Zhao Shuming , Chen Jiaxi , Hu Chenhong , Qu Jiaojiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGreenwashing has become a common way in which many enterprises address expectations related to corporate social responsibility. As an abnormal and fake type of social responsibility behavior, greenwashing causes many problems, thus highlighting the importance of exploring the impact of corporate greenwashing. However, previous studies have mainly examined the impacts of greenwashing on enterprises, industry, and society, and the impact of greenwashing on individual employee behavior, which is important with regard to the sustainability of the enterprise, remains limited. The main purpose of this study is to explore how perceived greenwashing affects employee green behavior (EGB). Based on the stimulus–organism–response theory and social cognitive theory, a two‐wave survey was conducted to investigate 232 Chinese enterprise employees. The impact of perceived greenwashing on EGB was analyzed. The mediating role of green organizational identity (GOI) and the moderating role of self‐serving leadership in this context were examined. The results reveal that perceived greenwashing is negatively related to EGB. Furthermore, GOI mediates the direct relationship between perceived greenwashing and EGB. Self‐serving leadership weakens the positive relationship between GOI and EGB. This study thus develops a theoretical model of greenwashing and EGB. It also provides empirical evidence that can support attempts to promote EGB.
Session Frequency or Working Model? An Investigation into How We Can Think of the Difference Between ‘Intensive’ and ‘Non‐Intensive’ Work Using the Comparative Clinical Method
Authors: Spurling Laurence , McGregor Hepburn Jan , Doctor Ronald 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThis is an exploratory account of an applied clinical method, the Comparative Clinical Method, used to address a specific question: how can we best think of the difference between intensive and non‐intensive analytic work? Normally, it is session frequency that is taken as a determining difference, as a marker of a different approach or method being employed. In our investigation, which consisted of the three authors presenting examples of their clinical work to each other, we did not find the intensive and non‐intensive work of each author to demonstrate clear and easily defined differences in method or technique. Instead, we found more evidence of each author adopting a coherent and consistent approach, based on an underlying and implicit working model, across their intensive and non‐intensive work. We conclude from this that the differences between intensive and non‐intensive work are best explored by encouraging more conceptually rigorous and clinically specific descriptions of the different kinds of analytic assumptions and methods employed in ordinary analytic clinical work.
Delay of gratification and adult outcomes: The Marshmallow Test does not reliably predict adult functioning
Authors: Sperber Jessica F. , Vandell Deborah Lowe , Duncan Greg J. , Watts Tyler W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study extends the analytic approach conducted by Watts et al. (2018) to examine the long‐term predictive validity of delay of gratification. Participants (n = 702; 83% White, 46% male) completed the Marshmallow Test at 54 months (1995–1996) and survey measures at age 26 (2017–2018). Using a preregistered analysis, Marshmallow Test performance was not strongly predictive of adult achievement, health, or behavior. Although modest bivariate associations were detected with educational attainment (r = .17) and body mass index (r = −.17), almost all regression‐adjusted coefficients were nonsignificant. No clear pattern of moderation was detected between delay of gratification and either socioeconomic status or sex. Results indicate that Marshmallow Test performance does not reliably predict adult outcomes. The predictive and construct validity of the ability to delay of gratification are discussed.
Molecular genetics in 1991 arrhythmia probands and 2782 relatives in Norway: Results from 17 years of genetic testing in a national laboratory
Authors: Stava Tonje Talsnes , Berge Knut Erik , Haugaa Kristina Hermann , Smedsrud Marit Kristine , Leren Trond P. , Bogsrud Martin Prøven 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants and assess the diagnostic yield from genetic testing for cardiac arrhythmias in Norway since 2003. Data from 1991 probands and 2782 relatives were retrospectively collected from the laboratory information management system at Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University hospital. Of 1991 probands, 57.4% were females, age at genetic testing was 33.1 (±22.7) years, and 32.5% were under the age of 18. A likely pathogenic or pathogenic variant (including 14 novel) was detected in 15.4% in total. Of the 2782 relatives, 53.7% were females, age at genetic testing was 35.6 (±22.5) years, 27.3% were under the age of 18, and 45.3% carried the family variant. Probands and relatives combined, 1/3356 persons in the Norwegian population were heterozygous for an arrhythmia‐causing variant. The founder variant p.Q530X (NM_000218.2: c.1588C>T) in KCNQ1 accounted for 34% of all variants in Norway. In conclusion, genetic testing provided a genetic basis of the arrhythmia in 15.4% of the probands. Familial cascade screening identified four times as many variant‐positive relatives, allowing early detection and prompt stratification of arrhythmic risk of those variant carriers.
A de novo novel variant in the MT‐TD gene is associated with prominent extra‐neurologic manifestations
Authors: Sun Liuyu , Ren Yali , Ma Yinan , Zhu Ying , Wu Ye , Wang Suxia , Nie Lin , Xiao Huijie , Jiang Yuwu , Wang Fang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDefects in the mitochondrial tRNA genes cause a group of highly clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders, which poses a challenge for clinical identification and genetic diagnosis. Here, we present a pre‐school boy with a novel MT‐TD variant m.7560T>C at the heteroplasmy level of 76.53% in blood, 93.34% in urine sediments, and absent in the healthy mother's blood and urine. Besides convulsions, brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities and high plasma lactate, the boy presented with the prominent extra‐neurologic phenotype including steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis characterized by abnormal mitochondria in podocytes, cortical blindness, and pancreatitis. To our knowledge, this is the unique case with MT‐TD m.7560T>C‐related multi‐organ impairments, which expands the phenotypic and mutational spectrum of primary mitochondrial diseases.
Adenylyl cyclase 2 expression and function in neurological diseases
Authors: Gray Marsilla , Nash Kevin R. , Yao Yao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdenylyl cyclases (Adcys) catalyze the formation of cAMP, a secondary messenger essential for cell survival and neurotransmission pathways in the CNS. Adcy2, one of ten Adcy isoforms, is highly expressed in the CNS. Abnormal Adcy2 expression and mutations have been reported in various neurological disorders in both rodents and humans. However, due to the lack of genetic tools, loss‐of‐function studies of Adcy2 are scarce. In this review, we summarize recent findings on Adcy2 expression and function in neurological diseases. Specifically, we first introduce the biochemistry, structure, and function of Adcy2 briefly. Next, the expression and association of Adcy2 in human patients and rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease), psychiatric disorders (Tourette syndrome, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder), and other neurological conditions (stress‐associated disorders, stroke, epilepsy, and Lesch‐Nyhan Syndrome) are elaborated. Furthermore, we discuss the pros and cons of current studies as well as key questions that need to be answered in the future. We hope to provide a focused review on Adcy2 that promotes future research in the field.
Chromium and cobalt in leather: A Danish market survey
Authors: Jensen Mikkel Bak , Alinaghi Farzad , Chen Ivan , Hedberg Jonas F. , Hedberg Yolanda S. , Zachariae Claus , Johansen Jeanne Duus 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionLeather has been a significant source of chromium (Cr) allergy in Denmark since the 1990s. More recently, cobalt (Co) allergy has been identified in leather as a source of allergic contact dermatitis.ObjectivesTo measure Cr and Co levels in Danish leather goods.MethodsA total of 87 leather samples were collected, all tanned in Europe. Handheld X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) device was used to screen for the presence of Cr and Co. The 20 leather samples with the highest concentrations of Co and Co were tested using International Organization for Standardization (ISO)‐standards.ResultsXRF analysis showed Cr in 78/87 (83.9%) samples and Co in 52/87 (59.7%), with average concentrations of 41 mg/kg (range: 0.0–77 mg/kg) and 0.22 mg/kg (range: 0.0–2.9 mg/kg), respectively. ISO 10195 and 17 075–1 testing identified Cr (VI) in 7 out of 20 samples (1.4; 0.3–4.2 mg/kg), while ISO 17072‐1 detected Co in 6 of 20 samples, averaging 3.95 mg/kg (range: 0.22–7.9 mg/kg).ConclusionMost leather samples contained Cr, which was expected, while Cr (VI) was detectable in seven out of twenty tested samples but only detected in one product above the regulatory limit of 3 mg/kg. A potentially significant concentration was found for Co.
The role of incretin receptor agonists in the treatment of obesity
Authors: Forst Thomas , De Block Christophe , Del Prato Stefano , Armani Sara , Frias Juan , Lautenbach Anne , Ludvik Bernhard , Marinez Marina , Mathieu Chantal , Müller Timo D. , Schnell Oliver 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntrodroductionObesity and its associated metabolic conditions have become a significant global health problem in recent years, with many people living with obesity fulfilling criteria for pharmacological treatment. The development of the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists for chronic weight management has triggered new interest in the incretins and other hormones as targets for obesity, and investigations into dual and triple co‐agonists.MethodsThe objective of this narrative review was to summarize the available data on approved and emerging incretin‐based agents for the treatment of obesity.ResultsIn clinical trials of currently available agents in people with overweight or obesity, weight loss of between 6% and 21% of baseline body weight has been observed, with between 23% and 94% of participants achieving 10% or higher weight loss, depending on the study and the agent used. Favourable outcomes have also been seen with regard to cardiovascular risk and outcomes, diabetes prevention, metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease/steatohepatitis and prevention of weight regain after metabolic surgery. Limitations associated with these agents include high costs, the potential for weight regain once treatment is stopped, the potential loss of lean body mass and gastrointestinal adverse events; potential issues with respect to gallbladder and biliary diseases require further investigation.ConclusionsMany dual and triple co‐agonists are still in development, and more data are needed to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of these emerging therapies versus the established incretin‐based therapies; however, data are promising, and further results are eagerly awaited.