bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental Male Effects on Landlocked Fall Chinook Salmon Progeny Survival
Authors: Wipf Matthew M , Barnes Michael E 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The Lake Oahe, South Dakota, population of landlocked fall-run Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha is maintained entirely by hatchery propagation and exhibits relatively poor egg survival during hatchery incubation. This study was undertaken to determine the influence of male gametes on embryo survival. Eggs from an individual female were subdivided and subsequently fertilized with milt from four discrete males. This was repeated with three additional females using the milt from the same four males. This entire procedure was then replicated three times, using four new females and four new males each time, for a total of 16 males and 16 females. The eggs from each unique cross were then incubated discretely. There was no significant effect of spawning males on subsequent embryo survival to the eyed stage of egg development. Swim-up fry length and weight were also not significantly affected by male parentage. In contrast, there was a significant maternal effect on eyed egg survival, and swim-up fry length and weight, which varied significantly among progeny from individual females. These results suggest that the relatively poor survival exhibited by Lake Oahe landlocked fall Chinook salmon eggs during hatchery incubation is largely a function of initial egg quality from spawning females.
First Report of Botryosphaeria dothidea Causing Canker and Dieback Disease of Helwingia chinensis in China
Authors: Yu L. , Wang L. F. , Zhao J. R. , Xu S. G. , Gao D. , Zheng J. F. 
Published: August 2012

Helwingia chinensis Batal is distributed in the western and southern regions of China. The aerial part of this plant has long been used to treat dysentery, hematochezia, and swelling. An outbreak of cankers and dieback was observed for the first time on H. chinensis in China during June of 2010. Disease symptoms included dieback of shoots and branches, lesions, and canker formation on the stems. In order to identify the causal agent(s) of this canker disease, samples composed of inner bark and woody tissues were collected from the junction of healthy and diseased tissues of declining trees from Kunming and Wenshan districts of China during July to October of 2010. Pieces of surface-sterilized tissue samples were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 26°C. Fungal colonies developed copious, white, aerial mycelium that became dark green with age. Pycnidia started to develop after 20 days. Macroconidia, which were 20 to 29 × 4 to 6 μm, were hyaline, aseptate, and fusiform. No fungus was isolated from water-inoculated tissues of control plants and healthy trees. Identity was confirmed by analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) with primers ITS1 and ITS4. BLAST searches showed 99% identity with Botryosphaeria dothidea isolates from GenBank (Accession Nos. HQ660454 and FJ790846). Representative sequences of B. dothidea from H. chinensis from China have been deposited in GenBank (Accession No. JQ766122). On the basis of morphological and molecular results, the fungus isolated from diseased H. chinensis was confirmed to be B. dothidea. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by stem inoculation of 1-year-old H. chinensis seedlings. Mycelial plugs (3 to 4 mm in diameter) of B. dothidea from actively growing colonies were applied to same-sized bark wounds on the middle point of the stems. Control seedlings were inoculated with sterile PDA plugs. Inoculated and control seedlings (three each) were kept in a greenhouse and watered as needed. After 4 weeks, all H. chinensis seedlings developed vascular tissue discoloration and leaf wilting; no such symptoms were manifested by seedlings in the control treatment. B. dothidea was reisolated from all B. dothidea-inoculated, symptomatic tissues, fulfilling Koch's postulates. In China, B. dothidea has previously been reported to cause canker and dieback disease of Eucalyptus grandis (2) and gummosis of peach (1); however, to our knowledge, this is the first report of B. dothidea causing canker and dieback on H. chinensis. References: (1) Y. Ko et al. Plant Pathol. Bull. 1:70, 1992. (2) L. Yu et al. Plant Dis. 93:764, 2009.
Point-of-Care Testing
Authors: Weber Christian Friedrich , Görlinger Klaus , Meininger Dirk , Herrmann Eva , Bingold Tobias , Moritz Anton , Cohn Lawrence H. , Zacharowski Kai 
Published: August 2012

Introduction
The current investigation aimed to study the efficacy of hemostatic therapy guided either by conventional coagulation analyses or point-of-care (POC) testing in coagulopathic cardiac surgery patients.

Methods
Patients undergoing complex cardiac surgery were assessed for eligibility. Those patients in whom diffuse bleeding was diagnosed after heparin reversal or increased blood loss during the first 24 postoperative hours were enrolled and randomized to the conventional or POC group. Thromboelastometry and whole blood impedance aggregometry have been performed in the POC group. The primary outcome variable was the number of transfused units of packed erythrocytes during the first 24 h after inclusion. Secondary outcome variables included postoperative blood loss, use and costs of hemostatic therapy, and clinical outcome parameters. Sample size analysis revealed a sample size of at least 100 patients per group.

Results
There were 152 patients who were screened for eligibility and 100 patients were enrolled in the study. After randomization of 50 patients to each group, a planned interim analysis revealed a significant difference in erythrocyte transfusion rate in the conventional compared with the POC group [5 (4;9) versus 3 (2;6) units [median (25 and 75 percentile)], P<0.001]. The study was terminated early. The secondary outcome parameters of fresh frozen plasma and platelet transfusion rates, postoperative mechanical ventilation time, length of intensive care unit stay, composite adverse events rate, costs of hemostatic therapy, and 6-month mortality were lower in the POC group.

Conclusions
Hemostatic therapy based on POC testing reduced patient exposure to allogenic blood products and provided significant benefits with respect to clinical outcomes.
Sensation of Abdominal Pain Induced by Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Is Accompanied by Changes in the Expression of Substance P and μ-Opioid Receptors in the Spinal Cord of Mice
Authors: Suzuki Masami , Narita Minoru , Hasegawa Minami , Furuta Sadayoshi , Kawamata Tomoyuki , Ashikawa Maho , Miyano Kanako , Yanagihara Kazuyoshi , Chiwaki Fumiko , Ochiya Takahiro , Suzuki Tsutomu , Matoba Motohiro , Sasaki Hiroki , Uezono Yasuhito 
Published: August 2012

Background
Patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis often report abdominal pain, which is relatively refractory to morphine. It has been considered that a new animal model is required to investigate the mechanism of abdominal pain for the development of optimal treatments for this type of pain.

Methods
To prepare a peritoneal carcinomatosis model, highly peritoneal-seeding gastric cancer cells, 60As6, were implanted into the abdominal cavity. The nociceptive modality for pain-related behavior was assessed in terms of withdrawal behavior in response to mechanical stimuli and hunching behavior. Tissue samples from mouse dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord were subject to immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Results
Mice with peritoneal dissemination showed significant hypersensitivity of the abdomen to mechanical stimulation and spontaneous visceral pain-related behavior. There was a significant increase in c-Fos-positive cells in the spinal cord in tumor-bearing mice. Those mice exhibited a remarkable increase in substance P-positive neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (control vs. tumor, 15.4 ± 1.1 vs. 24.2 ± 3.6, P < 0.05, n = 3). A significant decreases in μ-opioid receptor expression mainly in substance P-positive neurons was observed in tumor-bearing mice (69.3 ± 4.9 vs. 38.7 ± 0.9, P < 0.05, n = 3), and a relatively higher dose of morphine was required to significantly reverse the abdominal hypersensitivity.

Conclusion
Both the up-regulation of substance P and down-regulation of μ-opioid receptor seen in the dorsal root ganglia may be, at least in part, responsible for the abdominal pain-like state associated with peritoneal carcinomatosis.
Quantitative Changes in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Induced by Cold, Heat and Ischemic Pain
Authors: Frölich Michael A. , Deshpande Hrishikesh , Ness Timothy , Deutsch Georg 
Published: August 2012

Background
The development of arterial spin labeling methods has allowed measuring regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) quantitatively and to show the pattern of cerebral activity associated with any state such as a sustained pain state or changes due to a neurotropic drug.

Methods
The authors studied the differential effects of three pain conditions in 10 healthy subjects on a 3 Tesla scanner during resting baseline, heat, cold, and ischemic pain using continuous arterial spin labeling.

Results
Cold pain showed the greatest absolute rCBF increases in left anterior cingulate cortex, left amygdala, left angular gyrus, and Brodmann area 6, and a significant rCBF decrease in the cerebellum. Changes in rCBF were characteristic of the type of pain condition: cold and heat pain showed increases, whereas the ischemic condition showed a reduction in mean absolute gray matter flow compared with rest. An association of subjects' pain tolerance and cerebral blood flow was noted.

Conclusions
The observation that quantitative rCBF changes are characteristic of the pain task used and that there is a consistent rCBF change in Brodman area 6, an area responsible for the integration of a motor response to pain, should provide extremely useful information in the quest to develop an imaging biomarker of pain. Conceivably, response in BA6 may serve as an objective measure of analgesic efficacy.
Psychological requirements for increased fruit and vegetable intake in young adults
Authors: Umeh Kanayo , Sharps Maxine 
Published: August 2012

PurposeWhat are the psychological requirements for increasing fruit and vegetable intake in young people? Psychological theory suggests behaviour modification is driven by ten experiential and behavioural “processes of change”. However, their role in food choice remains unclear. Some of these mechanisms may be nothing more than a proxy for self‐efficacy, a dominant factor in behaviour change. Thus, the aim of this study is to delineate the importance of processes of change (POCs) in fruit and vegetable intake, over and beyond self‐efficacy.Design/methodology/approachThe study was based on a questionnaire survey assessing POCs and self‐efficacy in relation to change in fruit and vegetable intake. Participants were 150 university undergraduates.FindingsMANOVA revealed significant differences in both experiential and behavioural processes across stages of behaviour change. These resources were more copious at advanced stages. Controlling for self‐efficacy via MANCOVA negated stage differences in consciousness raising. Overall, though, the contribution of experiential and behavioural processes in fruit and vegetable uptake transcended differentials in self‐efficacy. The unique or direct contribution of consciousness raising requires further investigation.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings may not generalise to an older more ethnically diverse population.Practical implicationsFruits and vegetables interventions may require a mixture of cognitive, self‐evaluative, and behavioural treatments, over and beyond self‐efficacy enhancements.Originality/valueAlthough previous studies have demonstrated the importance of POCs in fruit and vegetable intake this study shows that, at least in young adults, these associations largely transcend self‐efficacy, a key driver in behaviour change.
Bioactive property of soymilk fermented by agrowastes‐immobilized lactobacilli
Authors: Lye Huey‐Shi , The Sue‐Siang , Lim Ting‐Jin , Bhat Rajeev , Ahmad Rosma , Wan‐Abdullah Wan‐Nadiah , Liong Min‐Tze 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the effect of cell immobilization on bioactive property of lactobacilli‐fermented soymilk.Design/methodology/approachAgrowastes from durian (Durio zibethinus), cempedak (Artocarpus champeden), and mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) were used as immobilizers for lactobacilli (Lactobacillus acidophilus FTDC 1331, L. acidophilus FTDC 2631, L. acidophilus FTDC 2333, L. acidophilus FTDC 1733, and L. bulgaricus FTCC 0411) in soymilk fermentation. Fermented soymilk was stored at different temperatures (4°C, 25°C and 37°C) for 168 h and sampled for analyses periodically.FindingsScanning electron micrographs showed that cells of lactobacilli were immobilized onto the matrix of agrowastes powder. The proteolytic activity was higher in soymilk supplemented with immobilized lactobacilli at 37°C and 25°C compared to that at 4°C. Soymilk fermented by cells immobilized on cempedak rind powder showed higher proteolytic activity (p<0.0001), followed by durian and mangosteen rinds powder (p<0.001). The highest ACE inhibitory activity was also found in soymilk fermented by cells immobilized on cempedak rind powder for all temperatures studied (p<0.0001). In addition, ACE inhibitory activity was higher in soymilk fermented at 37°C, compared to 25°C and 4°C (p<0.0001).Originality/valueThe results in the paper show that cell immobilization enhances the bioactive property of fermented soymilk, in terms of proteolysis and in‐vitro ACE inhibitory activity.
Staff “poaching” in the small business context: overcoming this key barrier to training
Authors: Panagiotakopoulos Antonios 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe present study seeks to investigate how small firm owners' “poaching” concerns could be overcome so that workforce skills development could be stimulated in such firms.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on case‐study work in two small firms in Greece. The data collection tools involved secondary data (e.g. company reports) and in‐depth personal interviews with the two firm owners and seven employees.FindingsThe empirical data revealed that owners in small firms may enhance staff loyalty significantly by placing much emphasis on their management style, as well as by creating a “friendly” atmosphere at work. The interviews indicated that employees in such enterprises seem to place much value on aspects of their working lives other than payment. This includes a supportive and competent owner, increased job autonomy and responsibility, involvement in decision making and a harmonious working climate with few conflicts.Research limitations/implicationsFurther empirical studies with a quantitative orientation conducted both in Greece and in other countries could form the basis for generalizing the conclusions of the present study, as well as for insightful cross‐country comparisons with the purpose of identifying ways to stimulate workforce skills development.Practical implicationsThe data showed that employees are not willing to risk a “family” atmosphere for more money for fear of losing a satisfying working climate. Such findings indicate that the way employees are managed in small firms requires much more attention by firm owners and a more central place in policy interventions if decision makers are to help such enterprises face the challenges of the future.Originality/valueThe paper provides new insights in an under‐researched area. Specifically, it informs the existing literature on how employee “poaching”, which acts as a key barrier to staff training and learning in the small business context, could be reduced.
Internet use increases the odds of using the public library
Authors: Vakkari Pertti 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe functional equivalence hypothesis suggests that a new communication medium will replace those activities that most closely perform the same functions for users as did the established media. There is scarce empirical evidence whether use of the internet displaces use of the public library. This survey aims to explore how the use of the internet is associated with the use of the public library for studying, work and business, everyday activities, and leisure activities. The author also studies which factors in addition to internet use predict the use of public libraries for these purposes.Design/methodology/approachThe data is based on a nationwide representative survey of the adult population in Finland aged 15‐79. The author used binary logistic regression analysis for modelling and predicting library use.FindingsThe results show that the use of the internet is positively associated with the use of public libraries. Those using the internet tend also to use the public library. Thus, the use of the internet does not replace the use of the public library, but merely complements it. It is found that the frequency of internet use and the number of books read are the strongest predictors of public library use.Originality/valueThis is the first study to show that the use of the internet for studying, work and business, everyday activities, and leisure activities is not replacing public library use for the same purposes, but merely complementing it.
Interrupting practices that want to matter
Authors: Haider Jutta 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThis article aims to explore construction, production and distribution of environmental information in social media. Specifically, the focus is on people's accounts in social media of their everyday life practices aimed at leading what are considered environmentally friendly lives. The article seeks to establish how through the reproduction of alignments of certain everyday and domestic practices with environmental destruction and protection situated information on the environment is constructed and made available.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on a qualitative, interpretative analysis of content, materiality and form of blogs and of their enmeshed social media applications, dedicated specifically to aspects of environmentally friendly everyday life. The blogs were selected from an interlinked set of 60 Swedish language environment blogs.FindingsFormal, topical and social arrangements give priority to certain material conditions and practices that then underpin a set of dominant versions of a greener life, while others remain submerged. The routinised alignment of certain practices with the environment is indispensable for environmental information to work. However, breaking with routines and re‐arranging practices is what makes them possible in the first place. De‐routinisation and the culturally non‐habitual character make for the informational value of material practices and of practices of engagement.Social implicationsThe study contributes to the understanding of what makes environmental information meaningful in everyday life. This has potential implications for policy making and information campaigns in the area.Originality/valueEnvironmental issues are an underrepresented area of research in LIS. This article contributes to the development of this research area in the field. Furthermore, uniting a practice approach with a theoretical interest in everyday life politics is a novel addition to studies of social engagement in online environments.
SMEs and entrepreneurial quality from a macroeconomic perspective
Authors: Santos Francisco J. , Romero Isidoro , Fernández‐Serrano José 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to compare the particular characteristics of industrial SMEs in low‐ and high‐income regions from the perspective of their “entrepreneurial quality”.Design/methodology/approachBased on three groups of factors, (personal characteristics of entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial orientation and productive dependence of firms), which define entrepreneurial quality (EQ), the empirical analysis is focused on testing whether industrial SMEs in three Spanish regions with low per capita income present different EQs to those of industrial SMEs in three other Spanish regions with high per capita income. Data was obtained from a survey addressed to the person in the role of entrepreneur in each of these firms. Since the dependent variable is dichotomous, the logistic regression model is applied in this study.FindingsResults show there is a relationship between the regional levels of development and the entrepreneurial quality of the industrial SMEs. In low‐income regions, the level of EQ is lower due to several factors. Firstly, these entrepreneurs have lower educational background, a lack of previous experience, and are more often led by pushing motivations; secondly, these industrial SMEs have lower entrepreneurial orientation when measured through innovation and proactiveness; finally, relations between firms are characterized by a higher productive dependence.Originality/valueThis study offers a significant contribution by specifying the concept of EQ and its relationship with the degree of economic development. Likewise, a policy implication derived from the results is the need to improve the human capital of entrepreneurs in low‐income regions.
A fuzzy quantitative VRIO‐based framework for evaluating organizational activities
Authors: Lin Chinho , Tsai Hua‐Ling , Wu Ya‐Jung , Kiang Melody 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe study aims to shed light on how to identify drivers of sustainable competitive advantage under a turbulent and uncertain environment, one of the most crucial challenges faced by resource‐based strategists.Design/methodology/approachThis study introduces a VRIO‐based framework to evaluate a firm's internal activities, in which the fuzzy set and utilities functions are adopted to identify the competitive advantage of available resources based on resource‐based theory. A case study is conducted to illustrate how the framework can be applied as a tool for exploring the potential competitiveness of a firm's core resources.FindingsThe quantitative VRIO‐based framework is a useful tool to assist top management to identify a list of potential competitive advantages of the available sources.Originality/valueThe VRIO‐based framework is built through the integration of quantitative and qualitative methods, and this innovative approach is proposed to bridge the gap between resource‐based theory and its application.
Measuring organizational wisdom applying an innovative model of analysis
Authors: Pinheiro Paulo , Raposo Mário , Hernández Ricardo 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to measure the level of organizational wisdom of firms and verify its influence on the value they produce.Design/methodology/approachThis study seeks to establish linkage between organizational wisdom and value creation with the development of a new model based on the contributions of North's wisdom matrix and the Jordan and Jones model. The proposed model, using primary data from the Portuguese textile sector, is tested through recourse to a structural equation model.FindingsThe results point to the conclusion that companies with high organizational wisdom do manage to improve their efficiency and effectiveness but this proves insufficient for actually increasing the level of value created when taking into account the industry's prevailing environment.Practical implicationsFirms may apply this model to ascertain their level of organizational wisdom. This model may also be deployed to determine this organizational wisdom level for a set of companies (a company cluster) or even a sector.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this paper stems from the explanatory value of the proposed model as it enables the measurement of a firm's organizational wisdom and its influence on the final value produced.