bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective Role for TLR4 Signaling in Atherosclerosis Progression as Revealed by Infection with a Common Oral Pathogen
Authors: Hayashi Chie , Papadopoulos George , Gudino Cynthia V. , Weinberg Ellen O. , Barth Kenneth R. , Madrigal Andrés G. , Chen Yang , Ning Hua , LaValley Michael , Gibson Frank C. , Hamilton James A. , Genco Caroline A. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological studies have implicated chronic infections in the development of atherosclerosis. It has been proposed that common mechanisms of signaling via TLRs link stimulation by multiple pathogens to atherosclerosis. However, how pathogen-specific stimulation of TLR4 contributes to atherosclerosis progression remains poorly understood. In this study, atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein-E null (ApoE−/−) and TLR4-deficient (ApoE−/−TLR4−/−) mice were orally infected with the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. ApoE−/−TLR4−/− mice were markedly more susceptible to atherosclerosis after oral infection with P. gingivalis. Using live animal imaging, we demonstrate that enhanced lesion progression occurs progressively and was increasingly evident with advancing age. Immunohistochemical analysis of lesions from ApoE−/−TLR4−/− mice revealed an increased inflammatory cell infiltrate composed primarily of macrophages and IL-17 effector T cells (Th17), a subset linked with chronic inflammation. Furthermore, enhanced atherosclerosis in TLR4-deficient mice was associated with impaired development of Th1 immunity and regulatory T cell infiltration. In vitro studies suggest that the mechanism of TLR4-mediated protective immunity may be orchestrated by dendritic cell IL-12 and IL-10, which are prototypic Th1 and regulatory T cell polarizing cytokines. We demonstrate an atheroprotective role for TLR4 in response to infection with the oral pathogen P. gingivalis. Our results point to a role for pathogen-specific TLR signaling in chronic inflammation and atherosclerosis.
The Influence of Child Labour on Academic Achievement of Primary School Pupils in Suba and Homa-Bay Districts, Kenya
Authors: Ligeve Susan Nduta , Poipoi Dr. Moses W. 
Published: September 2012

This causal-comparative study investigated the effects of child labour on academic achievement of primary school pupils in Suba and Homa-Bay districts in Kenya. The participants of this study were Class 7 pupils drawn from 12 schools in these two districts. A total of 333 pupils that is, 171 boys and 162 girls participated in the study. The academic achievement scores, which were extracted from the schools’ end-term examination records, were used to compare the participants on the dependent variable. The results of this study showed that pupils who were involved in child labour had a significantly lower academic achievement mean score than those not involved. The results also indicated that boys not involved had a significantly higher academic achievement mean score than girls not involved. Furthermore, boys involved in child labour activities had a significantly higher academic mean score than girls involved in child labour activities. It was concluded that there were child labour and gender effects on academic achievement of primary school pupils in Suba and Homa Bay districts. This study recommends that school pupils should not engage in fishing activities. Key Words; Child labour, Academic Achievement, Gender
Patient-Specific Model of Arterial Circulation for Surgical Planning of Vascular Access
Authors: Passera Katia , Manini Simone , Antiga Luca , Remuzzi Andrea 
Published: September 2012

Purpose To report the technical aspects of a novel method to generate patient-specific vascular network models of arterial vasculature for the surgical planning of vascular access (VA) for hemodialysis. Methods On the basis of literature data, we defined a set of rules for estimation of diameter, length and compliance of arterial network segments, at patient-specific level, as a function of general descriptors (i.e. sex, age, body size and pathology). Using this method we generated vascular network models of height hypothetical patients with different age, sex and body surface area and we computed pressures and blood flows along the arterial arm vasculature using a wave propagation model. Results Simulation results show that vascular geometry is influenced by sex, age and body size leading to important differences in hemodynamic function. Calculated wall shear stress is higher in women females as compared to men, regardless of body size and age. Conclusions Our method facilitates estimating vascular network model parameters useful for patient-specific pre-operative assessment of blood flow distribution in the arterial arm circulation.
Vascular Stent Fracture and Migration to Pulmonary Artery during Arteriovenous Shunt Thrombectomy
Authors: Ho Jessica M. , Kahan Jonathan , Supariwala Azhar , Silberzweig James , Kornberg Robert , Swistel Daniel , Dreifuss Ronald 
Published: September 2012

Purpose Endovascular stent fracture and migration is an extremely rare complication of arteriovenous shunt thrombectomy. Technique We report a case of endovascular stent fracture following repeat arteriovenous graft thrombectomy, which was complicated by migration of a 26 millimeter stent fragment to the left main pulmonary artery. Attempts at percutaneous transvenous retrieval were unsuccessful, and an open thoracotomy to extract the stent fragment was performed. Conclusions Although there is no consensus for the management of endovascular stents that have migrated to the pulmonary arteries, stent retrieval may be necessary in cases where arterial flow is compromised or heavy clot burden is a concern. Moreover, steps toward prevention of stent fracture and migration should be considered in order to preclude such occurrences – avoidance of puncturing the stent for hemodialysis access, discontinuation of use of the Arrow-Trerotola device through or near stents, and consideration of short segment angioplasty for regional intrastent stenosis rather than typical long segment venous angioplasty.
La composition des communautés de religieuses au Saguenay (1882-1947)
Authors: Bouchard Gérard , Roy Raymond , Jacques Pierre 
Published: September 2012

À partir dun répertoire biographique et à l’aide du fichier-réseau de la population du Saguenay, les auteurs étudient la composition des communautés de religieuses de cette région entre 1882 et 1947. Le texte présenté ici porte plus particulièrement sur l’évolution numérique des religieuses, leur provenance géographique à l’intérieur du Saguenay et leur origine socio-professionnelle.
Parmi les principaux résultats, on relève que :
En conclusion, à la lumière des données rapportées, on ne peut pas affirmer que les communautés pratiquaient délibérément un recrutement social sélectif.
La monographie diocésaine et les acquis de l’historiographie religieuse française
Authors: Lagrée Michel 
Published: September 2012

Genre typique de l’« école » française d’histoire religieuse, la monographie diocésaine s’alimente sans doute à deux sources : la tradition de la biographie d’évêque et du pouillé - relevé des revenus - ecclésiastique, la pertinence, à la fois archivistique (surtout à l’époque concordataire) et épistémologique du cadre du département/diocèse. Le double héritage de l’histoire des Annales et de la sociographie de Le Bras et Boulard n’a fait que conforter les chercheurs français.
La fécondité du genre a été et reste remarquable pour l’analyse du champ religieux sous l’angle de l’offre (le gouvernement diocésain) et de la demande/réponse (objets traditionnels : pratique religieuse, vocations, et objets nouveaux, telles les organisations d’action catholique). Ses limites commencent aussi à être aperçues : inégale couverture du territoire (et donc représentativité problématique pour la synthèse), surreprésentation du monde rural et du XIXe siècle, relative marginalisation des sujets transversaux dans l’histoire religieuse : théologie, spiritualité, liturgie.
L’annonce et la préparation de Vatican II : Réception et horizon d’attente au Québec
Authors: Routhier Gilles 
Published: September 2012

L’étude de la réception de l’annonce de Vatican II, au Québec, au cours des années 1959-1960 est éclairante pour nous faire comprendre le retournement occasionné par l’annonce du Concile dans la vie de l’Église du Québec, surtout à partir de 1962 où cette Église s’engagera résolument dans le projet conciliaire de Jean XXIII.
L’étude de la réception de l’annonce de Vatican II dans les quotidiens francophones distribués au Québec n’est pas moins significative. La presse catholique, et en particulier L’Action catholique, se montre d’abord très réservée à l’égard du Concile. À l’opposé, la presse indépendante de l’Église se montrera très favorable au projet. Quant aux milieux intellectuels, ils commenceront à formuler des attentes à l’égard du Concile, en 1960.
Autour de Vatican II : vie paroissiale et Grandes Missions dans le diocèse de Québec. Le contexte intellectuel
Authors: Lemieux Raymond 
Published: September 2012

Les Grandes Missions du Diocèse de Québec, dans les années soixante, ont voulu assurer un renouveau de la conscience chrétienne des fidèles en procédant selon un modèle provenant à la fois de la tradition catholique des « missions internes » et des missions françaises du vingtième siècle. En rappelant leur « histoire intellectuelle », le présent article soulève la question de la rencontre entre leur dynamisme spécifique et les mentalités du temps, d’une part, et les procédures de réformes voulues par Vatican II, d’autre part.
“Weapons effect” revisited: Motor effects of the reception of aversive stimulation and exposure to pictures of firearms
Authors: Da Gloria Jorge , Duda Danièle , Pahlavan Farzaneh , Bonnet Philippe 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe effect of presenting images of firearms on the speed of clenching of the fist of human subjects simultaneously receiving an aversive stimulation was studied. It was thought that, whereas the classic interpersonal experimental situation confounds the effects of the stimulus presented and several interpersonal processes, speed of fist clenching in a noninterpersonal setting could constitute a valid measure of the subject's readiness to fight. Twenty‐four male and 24 female students (ages > 20 and <36 years) were instructed to press with their right hand a device commanding the projection of slides upon reception of an acoustic signal. Speed of clenching of the hand was recorded in the four conditions generated by the combination of two levels of acoustic signal (aversive and nonaversive) and two modalities of slides (firearms or tools). The results show that the reception of aversive sound accelerates fist clenching. Simultaneous presentation of slides of firearms and reception of aversive noise increases the speed of clenching of the fist. The slides' main effect was not significant. More irritable subjects tend to execute this movement faster than their less irritable counterparts, and more emotionally susceptible subjects tend to be slower than less susceptible ones. Male subjects were faster than females. This pattern of results is discussed in relation to the hypothesis formulated by the authors.
Comparison between BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ mice in tests of social behavior and resident‐intruder aggression
Authors: Hilakivi L.A. , Lister R.G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe behavior of male mice from two BALB strains, the BALB/cJ strain and the BALB/cByJ strain, was examined with a social behavior test and a resident‐intruder paradigm. Prior to testing, the animals were isolated for 0, 2, 5, or 10 days. In the social behavior test the pairs of BALB/cJ mice spent more time in active social interaction than pairs of BALB/cByJ mice, although the latter strain showed more locomotor activity. BALB/cJ mice isolated for 5–10 days, when tested in a familiar environment were more aggressive than mice from the BALB/cByJ strain. In the resident‐intruder paradigm, in which a resident BALB mouse was confronted with an intruder NIH Swiss mouse, the BALB/cByJ mice showed more social investigation in their home cage towards the intruders, but there were no significant differences between the two strains in the amounts of aggressive behavior exhibited. The results of these experiments suggest that there are some differences in the social behavior of the genetically related BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ mice. However, the differences appear subtle and paradigm‐specific.
Relationship of testosterone to men's family functioning at mid‐life: A research note
Authors: Julian Teresa , McKenry Patrick C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSociobiological theory suggests that aggression coupled with altruism is highly adaptive for males in all social systems, including the family, whereas sex‐role convergence theory indicates that lower levels of aggression are most adaptive for men, particularly at mid‐life. The purpose of this study was to determine the role that testosterone, as a proxy for aggression, plays as an adaptive mechanism in the lives of middle‐aged males.The sample used in this study consisted of 37 middle‐aged (39–50 years of age) males employed in professional occupations in a midwestern metropolitan area. Testosterone levels were regressed on factors typically found to be related to male satisfaction with family life at mid‐life: marital satisfaction, parent‐adolescent communication, amount of emotional expressiveness, and androgynous characteristics; recent positive and negative stressors and trait anxiety were statistically controlled.Results of step‐wise multiple regression analysis indicated that low levels of testosterone were significantly (R = .34, P < .01) related to enhanced marital and parental relationships and androgynous behaviors; however, emotional expressiveness was significantly related to high levels of testosterone.
Aversive potency of urine from dominant and subordinate male laboratory mice (Mus musculus): Resolution of a conflict
Authors: Jones R. Bryan , Nowell Norman W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe present study assessed the aversive potency of urine collected from male albino mice that had been clearly identified as dominants/winners or subordinates/losers of paired aggression tests and then housed either individually or in a quasi‐paired situation in which only a wire‐mesh divider separated the two mice. This divider permitted constant visual, olfactory, auditory, and some tactile contact. The responses of individually tested, group‐housed males were recorded when half of the substrate in a test box was treated with either water or one of the four urine types; the other half remained untreated. Significant preferences for the untreated half were found when the urine of winners or losers housed in individual metabolism cages or that of pair‐housed dominants was used as the test stimulus. On the other hand, neither water nor the urine of cohabiting subordinate males was avoided. The present findings confirmed our earlier reports that the urine of dominant male mice was aversive, whereas that of their cohabiting subordinate partners was not. They also identified Sawyer's [1978] procedure of housing winners and losers in individual cages, with the consequent interruption of social contact as the likely reason for his failure to replicate our reports that subordinate male urine lacked aversive properties. The territorial implications of the aversive factor and other urinary signals are discussed.
Different levels of complexity in the play‐fighting by muroid rodents appear to result from different levels of intensity of attack and defense
Authors: Pellis Sergio M. , Pellis Vivien C. , Dewsbury Donald A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPlay‐fighting in deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii, prairie voles, Microtus ochrogaster, and montane voles, M. Montanus, was compared to that of laboratory rats, Rattus norvegicus. Play in rats appears more complex for two reasons: 1) more of the playful contacts elicit defensive behaviors, and 2) more of these defenses lead to counterattacks, and hence, role reversals between attackers and defenders. Neither high levels of defense, as shown by montane voles, nor high levels of counterattack, as shown by prairie voles, produce rat‐like play‐fighting. This only occurs when high rates of defense involving turning to face the attacker and counterattack are combined, as in rats. These two components are rarely combined together by deer mice, and so this species rarely exhibits rat‐like play‐fighting. Furthermore, playful counterattack appears to arise from playful attack, and not from an escalation of defense. These data suggest that the more complex forms of social play, such as play‐fighting, have evolved, in part, via the escalation of defense in response to playful attack.
Intraspecific aggression in male hamsters is inhibited by intrahypothalamic vasopressin‐receptor antagonist
Authors: Potegal Michael , Ferris Craig F. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe present study examines the effect of the arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptor antagonist, d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, on intraspecific aggression between pairs of male Golden hamsters in a neutral territory. Subjects drawn from a group of 24 animals were paired once each with novel partners from the group under each of three experimental conditions: 1) both members of a pair were microinjected into the anterior hypothalamus with saline (S/S), 2) one member of a pair was microinjected with AVP‐receptor antagonist and its partner with saline (A/S), and 3) both members of a pair were microinjected with AVP‐receptor antagonist (A/A). There were significantly (P < .01) fewer attacks during encounters between pairs of hamsters in the A/A condition compared to pairs in the A/S condition. Similarly, pairs in the A/S condition attacked significantly (P < .025) less often than pairs of hamsters in the S/S condition. These results confirm our earlier work showing that AVP‐receptor antagonist reduces intraspecific aggression. In addition, saline‐treated hamsters initiated significantly (P < .001) fewer attacks toward antagonist treated hamsters than would have been predicted if their opponent was not drug treated. These latter results suggest that hamsters microinjected into the anterior hypothalamus with an AVP‐receptor antagonist also elicit less aggression from conspecifics.
What is anger provoking?—Provokers and provoked in anger situations: Developmental trends and sex differences
Authors: Törestad Bertil 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSome structural properties of situations, described as anger‐provoking by teenagers, were investigated. The study was directed toward exploring developmental trends and sex differences with respect to who was the provoker and who was provoked in the described situations. A simple classification, identical for both situational properties (provoker and provoked) was formed. The results showed that at age 18 years there was no sex difference in any of the aspects investigated. At age 12 years boys seemed to be more general than girls in their views on provokers. With increasing age the provoked in the described situations was more often someone else than the describing subject. This is interpreted as corroborating the often proposed relatedness between anger and morality.
Beyond the evil empire: Horseplay and aggression
Authors: Gergen Mary 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe dominant mode of studying the antecedents of human aggression in psychology has been to look for these precursors in negative life events, for example, being physically punished, observing models using aggressive means, or experiencing forms of privation or frustration. In contrast, within the ethological literature, certain playful activities, in particular “play fighting,” have been interpreted as crucial precursors of later social activities, both aggressive and nonaggressive. Among humans, horseplay, which may be considered synonymous with play fighting, has only rarely been mentioned in psychological literature and scarcely ever in relation to aggression. Within this study, college students rated the extent to which they had engaged in horseplay and in aggressive acts with same‐sex friends and boyfriends or girlfriends over the past 3 years. Analyses indicated that a broad range of playful and aggressive activities was reported by a large proportion of the sample. Results also indicated strong relationships between the tendency to horseplay and to aggress. The relationship was strongest for men with men friends and for women with boyfriends. In general, having steady relationships increased the likelihood that both horseplay and aggressive acts would occur. Weekend alcohol consumption was related to playful activities; heavier use correlated with greater aggressive activities of men with men only. The study suggests that it is useful to broaden the base for conceptualizing aggression to take into account the ways in which playful and friendly activities can facilitate those that are regarded as antisocial and aggressive.
Credibility of Asylum Claims: Consistency and Accuracy of Autobiographical Memory Reports Following Trauma
Authors: Memon Amina 
Published: September 2012

SummaryHerlihy and colleagues (current issue) review the literature on the characteristics of autobiographical memory in asylum seekers who are presenting evidence of their traumatic experiences in the immigration courts with a view to finding a safe haven. In this commentary, I briefly discuss how the quality of the memory report may influence reliability and credibility judgements in individuals whose memories may be subject to post‐traumatic stress disorder. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐Assembled and Microfabricated Bioactive Membranes
Authors: Mendes Ana C. , Smith Katherine H. , Tejeda‐Montes Esther , Engel Elisabeth , Reis Rui L. , Azevedo Helena S. , Mata Alvaro 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe fabrication of hierarchical and bioactive self‐supporting membranes, which integrate physical and biomolecular elements, using a single‐step process that combines molecular self‐assembly with soft lithography is reported. A positively charged multidomain peptide (with or without the cell‐adhesive sequence arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid‐serine (RGDS)) self‐assembles with hyaluronic acid (HA), an anionic biopolymer. Optimization of the assembling conditions enables the realization of membranes with well‐controlled and easily tunable features at multiple size scales including peptide sequence, building‐block co‐assembly, membrane thickness, bioactive epitope availability, and topographical pattern morphology. Membrane structure, morphology, and bioactivity are investigated according to temperature, assembly time, and variations in the experimental setup. Furthermore, to evaluate the physical and biomolecular signaling of the self‐assembled microfabricated membranes, rat mesenchymal stem cells are cultured on membranes exhibiting various densities of RGDS and different topographical patterns. Cell adhesion, spreading, and morphology are significantly affected by the surface topographical patterns and the different concentrations of RGDS. The versatility of the combined bottom‐up and top‐down fabrication processes described may permit the development of hierarchical macrostructures with precise biomolecular and physical properties and the opportunity to fine tune them with spatiotemporal control.