bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of persistence: Genetic and behavioral population complexity of winter flounder amid population declines
Authors: Dolan Tara E. , Feldheim Kevin A. , O'Leary Shannon J. , Fede Catherine M. , McElroy Anne E. , Frisk Michael G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWinter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum 1792) are a coastal flatfish species of economic and cultural importance that have dwindled to <15, % of their historic abundance in the southern New England/Mid‐Atlantic region of the United States, with evidence indicating near‐extirpation of certain local populations. This species exhibits intricate behaviors in spawning and migration that contribute to population complexity and resilience. These behaviors encompass full or partial philopatry to natal estuaries, the generation of multiple pulses of larval delivery, and partial migration. The patterns of genetic diversity within and among estuaries and cohorts presented here carry important implications in understanding the susceptibility to demographic shocks, even if the full extent of genetic diversity within and among winter flounder stocks on the US East Coast remains unresolved. Our findings reveal connectivity between estuaries in Long Island, New York, suggesting the potential for genetic rescue of depleted subpopulations. Family reconstruction and relatedness analysis indicate that split cohorts and migration contingents are not the result of genetically distinct lineages. We found no evidence for genetic structure separating these groups, and in some instances, we were able to detect closely related individuals that belonged to different migratory contingents or cohorts. Characterizing the spatial and behavioral organization of this species at the population level is crucial for comprehending its potential for recovery, not only in terms of biomass but also in reinstating the complex population structure that supports resilience. The search for generality in winter flounder spawning and migration behavior remains elusive, but perhaps the lack of generalities within this species is what has allowed it to persist in the face of decades of environmental and anthropogenic stressors.
‘My words would have more weight’: exploring weight stigma in UK dietetic practice and dietitian's lived experiences of weight stigma
Authors: Brown Adrian , Flint Stuart W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundWeight stigma is pervasive within healthcare and negatively impacts both access to care and the patient‐practitioner relationship. There is limited evidence on weight stigma among registered dietitians, particularly in the United Kingdom, though data show weight‐related prejudice towards people living with obesity. The aim of this study was to examine both explicit and implicit weight stigma in practicing dietitians in the United Kingdom, as well as the lived experience of weight stigma among dietitians, both towards themselves and towards others.MethodsAn online cross‐sectional survey was disseminated between February and May 2022 using snowball sampling. Inclusion criteria were that participants were UK registered dietitians aged 20–70 years.ResultsFour hundred and two dietitians responded to the survey (female [94.1%], mean age 40.2 years [standard deviation (SD) 10.7]; White ethnicity [90%]; median 12 years [interquartile range (IQR) 6, 22] within dietetic practice). Mean self‐reported body mass index was 25.1 kg/m² (SD 8.7). Most dietitians reported experiencing weight stigma prior to (51%) and postregistration (59.7%), whereas nearly a quarter (21.1%) felt that weight influenced their ability as a dietitian. Weight stigma was experienced across the weight spectrum. Overall participants reported explicit weight bias attitudes, moderate beliefs that obesity is controllable and implicit antifat bias. Within open‐ended responses, dietitians reported three key themes related to their personal experiences of weight stigma: (1) experiences of stigma in dietetic practice, (2) impact of weight stigma and (3) perception of weight, appearance and job.ConclusionThis study shows that UK dietitians exhibit both explicit and implicit weight bias towards people living with obesity. Dietitians reported experiencing weight stigma, which impacted their career‐related decisions and their perception of their own ability to perform as dietitians. The study highlights the need to address weight stigma and its implications within the dietetic profession.
Reverse and antegrade vector thread lifting techniques: Correcting nasolabial and marionette lines
Authors: Park Soo Yeon , Kim Soo‐Bin , Wan Jovian , Samin Kashif Ali , Lee Kar Wai Alvin , Chan Lisa Kwin Wah , Suwanchinda Atchima , Yi Kyu‐Ho 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluates the efficacy of reverse and antegrade thread lifting vectors in conjunction with thread selection for correcting nasolabial folds and marionette lines, aiming to enhance treatment precision and effectiveness.MethodsThree female patients aged 43, 48, and 53, presenting with primary concerns regarding nasolabial folds, underwent distinct treatment regimens utilizing various types of threads and vectors. Additionally, video demonstrations were recorded to showcase the procedural techniques employed in each case.ResultsThe outcomes of the thread lifting procedures demonstrated significant improvements in the correction of the nasolabial fold and marionette line.ConclusionInnovative thread insertion techniques involve entry points above the zygomatic arch and threading toward the temple hairline for lateral face lifting. These utilize barbs to pull skin and underlying tissues. The reversal technique involves inserting threads in a criss‐cross pattern, forming a fibrous structure that may prolong the duration of results. Various thread combinations, considering factors such as composition, thickness, and barb size, provide customized procedures. This research introduces clinical applications, including temple area hairline lifting for nasolabial fold and marionette line correction, reverse vectors targeting nasolabial folds and marionette lines, and antegrade approaches from the lateral side.
Prior Running, as Well as Swimming, Hinders Swimming‐Based Taste Aversion Learning in Rats
Authors: Nakajima Sadahiko 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRunning in an exercise wheel or swimming in a water pool endows rats with a conditioned aversion to a taste substance consumed before the activity. The present study explores the psychophysiological processes underlying these activity‐based taste aversions. Experiment 1 demonstrated that prior experience of running or swimming (i.e., familiarization) hinders subsequent taste aversion learning based on swimming in rats, implying a similar psychophysiological process between running and swimming in establishing taste aversion. Experiment 2 replicated the findings of Experiment 1 with rats obtained from another animal supplier. The running‐to‐swimming cross‐familiarization effect demonstrated in these experiments contrasts with a previous report in which prior swimming had no effect on subsequent running‐based taste aversion learning. Theoretical considerations regarding such asymmetrical cross‐familiarization effects extended to discussions on the similarities and differences in the psychophysiological states induced by running, swimming, and emetic lithium chloride injection.
Clinical Prevalence of Hepatitis D Virus Among Hepatitis B Patients in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Northern Iraq
Authors: Hama Salih A. , Sirwan Raz , Abubakr Muhsin , Ahmed Gasha S. , Rahim Hawbash M. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTHepatitis D virus (HDV), which occurs as a co‐infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), is a significant public health burden. Currently, there is a scarcity of data regarding this co‐infection in the developing countries. This study aims to address the clinical prevalence of HDV among HBV‐infected patients in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq. This prospective cross‐sectional study, conducted from May to November 2022, screened HBV DNA‐positive patients visiting Sulaimani Teaching Hospital in Sulaymaniyah governorate, Iraq, for anti‐HDV antibodies and HDV RNA. The study included 150 confirmed HBV DNA‐positive patients. Of these, 54.7% were male. The mean age of the patients was 49.1 ± 10.1 (18–68). Serological assessment found that 23 (15.3%) of the patients had anti‐HDV IgG antibodies, suggesting past or chronic HDV infection, while 16 (10.7%) tested positive for anti‐HDV IgM, indicating recent/acute infection. Further molecular analysis confirmed HDV RNA in 15 (10%) of HBV patients, indicating real HDV prevalence. The prevalence of anti‐HDV and HDV RNA did not significantly differ by age, gender, marital status, residency, medical, family or medical history (p > 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated a relatively high HDV prevalence among HBV patients in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq, at 10%, which stresses the need for better screening, health strategies and focused research to combat its impact.
Plant infection by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis requires actin‐dependent generation of high invasive turgor pressure
Authors: Müller Tobias , Bronkhorst Jochem , Müller Jonas , Safari Nassim , Hahn Matthias , Sprakel Joris , Scheuring David 
Published: August 2024

Summary

The devastating pathogen Botrytis cinerea infects a broad spectrum of host plants, causing great socio‐economic losses. The necrotrophic fungus rapidly kills plant cells, nourishing their wall and cellular contents. To this end, necrotrophs secrete a cocktail of cell wall degrading enzymes, phytotoxic proteins and metabolites. Additionally, many fungi produce specialized invasion organs that generate high invasive pressures to force their way into the plant cell. However, for most necrotrophs, including Botrytis, the biomechanics of penetration and its contribution to virulence are poorly understood.

Here, we use a combination of quantitative micromechanical imaging and CRISPR–Cas‐guided mutagenesis to show that Botrytis uses substantial invasive pressure, in combination with strong surface adherence, for penetration.

We found that the fungus establishes a unique mechanical geometry of penetration that develops over time during penetration events, and which is actin cytoskeleton dependent. Furthermore, interference of force generation by blocking actin polymerization was found to decrease Botrytis virulence, indicating that also for necrotrophs, mechanical pressure is important in host colonization.

Our results demonstrate for the first time mechanistically how a necrotrophic fungus such as Botrytis employs this ‘brute force’ approach, in addition to the secretion of lytic proteins and phytotoxic metabolites, to overcome plant host resistance.
The Optimal Variation Range of Posterior Condylar Offset Associated with Positive Clinical Outcomes of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Zhong Yanlin , Deng Zengfa , Gu Cheng , Li Ming , Kang Yan , Liao Weiming , Zhang Zhiqi 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivePosterior condylar offset (PCO) and anterior condylar offset (ACO) exert an influence on the sagittal alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, there is no common consensus that the variation range of posterior condylar offset (PCO) is associated with patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) and the optimum variation range of PCO. This study aims to investigate the correlation between PCO and the PROMs of primary TKA for osteoarthritis (OA) and find out the optimal variation range of the PCO.MethodsIn this study, we performed a radiographic analysis of 106 patients (112 knees) with primary TKA. Patients were divided into two cohorts (A and B) according to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC). Correlations between the sagittal parameter and WOMAC were investigated using univariate and multivariate analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to establish the cut‐off value for the optimal variation range. We then further investigated how different variation range affects the WOMAC subscale score and forgotten‐joint‐score‐12 (FJS‐12).ResultsUnivariate analysis revealed a correlation between the variation range of PCO (p < 0.01), ACO (p < 0.01) and PROMs. Multivariate analysis showed that only PCO was associated with PROMs. In the ROC graph, the cut‐off value of the variation range of PCO is 2.85 mm (AUC = 0.66, Youden index = 0.26). The WOMAC functional ability score of the group outside the PCO variation range of 2.85 mm significantly increased compared to the group within the range.ConclusionIn this study, PCO variation was significantly associated with clinical outcomes in TKA and the optimal PCO variation range was within 2.85 mm. Maintaining the PCO variation within 2.85 mm could enhance functional recovery and patient satisfaction.
Integrative taxonomy reveals inflated biodiversity in the European Temnothorax unifasciatus complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Csősz Sándor , Alicata Antonio , Báthori Ferenc , Galkowski Christophe , Schifani Enrico , Yusupov Zalimkhan , Herczeg Gábor , Prebus Matthew M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTemnothorax unifasciatus (Latreille, 1798) is a widely distributed pan‐European species from the Iberian Peninsula to the Caucasus. This taxon's relatively high morphological variability prompts the taxonomists of earlier times and today to mention the morphologically different elements at specific or subspecific ranks. This paper aims to understand the population structure and genetic diversity within this lineage via integrative taxonomy, incorporating molecular phylogenetics, species delimitation analyses and multivariate analyses of continuous morphometric data from across the geographic range of the T. unifasciatus complex. Phylogenetic analyses yielded incongruent trees. The genealogical diversity index (gdi) and the confirmatory analyses on morphological data found only weak, ambiguous delimitations within the unifasciatus complex. The most highly supported scenario splits T. brackoi from the remaining unifasciatus complex with ambiguous support (gdi = 0.56). This scenario is supported by multivariate morphometry with 100% accuracy in classification success. Instead, our results suggest complex morphological and genetic population structuring within the broad range of T. unifasciatus. Therefore, we confirm the validity of two species, T. brackoi Salata & Borowiec, 2019 and T. unifasciatus (Latreille, 1798), and propose five new junior synonymies, T. cordieri (Bondroit, 1918) syn. nov., T. tauricus (Ruzsky, 1902) syn. nov., T. berlandi (Bondroit, 1918) syn. nov., T. unifasciatus staegeri (Bondroit, 1918) syn. nov., T. tuberum ciscaucasicus (Arnol'di, 1977) syn. nov. with the latter. To achieve maximal taxonomic stability, we designated a lectotype for Temnothorax unifasciatus (Latreille, 1798).
Structural Analysis of Periodic Trusses and Lattice Materials: States of Self-Stress, Mechanisms, and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Ickin Oguz Aycan , Tekoglu Cihan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the realm of low relative density, a rigid-jointed lattice material exhibits a mechanical response analogous to that of a pin-jointed periodic truss with an identical micro-architecture. This correspondence simplifies the evaluation of the lattice's structural performance. While established matrix methods in linear algebra are capable of determining the states of self-stress, infinitesimal mechanisms, and mechanical properties of pin-jointed periodic trusses, they lack a systematic approach to deriving closed-form expressions for these properties. This paper presents a straightforward approach to address this gap. Furthermore, we introduce an inventive finite element framework that directly yields self-stress states and infinitesimal mechanisms in periodic trusses subjected to specific uniform macroscopic loading conditions. This framework allows for the determination of mechanical properties for periodic trusses by solving straightforward boundary value problems, such as uniaxial tension/compression or simple shear. The developed finite element framework offers greater simplicity compared to the matrix methods, with its benefits becoming more pronounced for complex micro-architectures. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the two newly developed methods, we conduct structural analyses on five different lattice materials, achieving successful outcomes.
A new form of severe acute localized reactions following intra-articular hyaluronic acid injections in knee osteoarthritis. A case report
Authors: Fodor Daniela , Serban Oana , Macavei Sergiu Gabriel , Tudoran Lucian Barbu , Bora Paula , Badarinza Maria 
Published: August 2024

Intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) injections are widely used for the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Adverse reactions were described in a limited number of patients and consist in local inflammatory reactions and severe acute inflammatory reactions (pseudosepsis). We present the case of a 71-year-old woman who experienced a severe acute adverse effect immediately (within minutes) following intraarticular HA administration, attributed to HA precipitation. The severe very early local manifestations were accompanied by important systemic reactions, necessitating treatment with systemic corticosteroids besides joint lavage.
Metagenomes, metagenome-assembled genomes, and metatranscriptomes from a chlorinated ethene-dechlorinating culture amended with biochar pyrolyzed at different temperatures
Authors: Dang Hongyu , Zhao Weilun , Mattes Timothy E. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

We investigated the effects of biochar and pyrolysis temperature on a chlorinated ethene-dechlorinating anaerobic consortium. Sequencing of nucleic acids from suspended and biochar-attached cells yielded 9 metagenomes, 122 metagenome-assembled genomes, and 18 metatranscriptomes that provide insights into the structure, function, activity, and interactions of the dehalogenating consortium with biochar.
Comprehensive contact tracing during an outbreak of alpha-variant SARS-CoV-2 in a rural community reveals less viral genomic diversity and higher household secondary attack rates than expected
Authors: Sivertsen Audun , Mortensen Nicolay , Solem Unni , Valen Eivind , Bullita Marie Francoise , Wensaas Knut-Arne , Litleskare Sverre , Rørtveit Guri , Grewal Harleen M. S. , Ulvestad Elling 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Sequencing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes throughout the COVID-19 pandemic has generated a wealth of data on viral evolution across populations, but only a few studies have so far explored SARS-CoV-2 evolution across large connected transmission networks. Here, we couple data from SARS-CoV-2 sequencing with contact tracing data from an outbreak with a single origin in a rural Norwegian community where samples from all exposed persons were collected prospectively. A total of 134 nasopharyngeal samples were positive by PCR. Among the 121 retrievable genomes, 81 were identical to the genome of the introductor, thus demonstrating that genomics beyond clustering genotypically similar viral genomes to confirm relatedness offers limited additional value to manual contact tracing. In the cases where mutations were discovered, five small genetic clusters were identified. We observed a household secondary attack rate of 77%, with 92% of household members infected among households with secondary transmission, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 introduction into large families is likely to affect all household members.

IMPORTANCE
In outbreak investigations, obtaining a full overview of infected individuals within a population is seldom achieved. We here present an example where a single introduction of B1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 within a rural community allowed for tracing of the virus from an introductor via dissemination through larger gatherings into households. The outbreak occurred before widespread vaccination, allowing for a “natural” outbreak development with community lockdown. We show through sequencing that the virus can infect up to five consecutive persons without gaining mutations, thereby showing that contact tracing seems more important than sequencing for local outbreak investigations in settings with few alternative introductory transmission pathways. We also show how larger households where a child introduced transmission appeared more likely to promote further spread of the virus compared to households with an adult as the primary introductor.
The Drosophila Zinc Finger Protein CG9609 Interacts with the Deubiquitinating (DUB) Module of the SAGA Complex and Participates in the Regulation of Transcription
Authors: Nikolenko J. V. , Kurshakova M. M. , Kopytova D. V. , Vdovina Y. A. , Vorobyova N. E. , Krasnov A. N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In previous studies, we found that the zinc finger proteins Su(Hw) and CG9890 interact with the Drosophila SAGA complex and participate in the formation of the active chromatin structure and transcription regulation. In this research, we discovered the interaction of the DUB module of the SAGA complex with another zinc finger protein, CG9609. ChIP-Seq analysis was performed, and CG9609 binding sites in the Drosophila genome were identified. Analysis of binding sites showed that they are localized predominantly at gene promoters. The CG9609 protein has been shown to be involved in the regulation of gene expression.
Human eRF1 Translation Regulation
Authors: Shuvalov A. V. , Klishin A. A. , Biziaev N. S. , Shuvalova E. Y. , Alkalaeva E. Z. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Eukaryotic translation release factor eRF1 is an important cellular protein that plays a key role in translation termination, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), and readthrough of stop codons. The amount of eRF1 in the cell influences all these processes. The mechanism of regulation of eRF1 translation through an autoregulatory NMD-dependent expression circuit has been described for plants and fungi, but the mechanisms of regulation of human eRF1 translation have not yet been studied. Using reporter constructs, we studied the effect of eRF1 mRNA elements on its translation in cell-free translation systems and HEK293 cell culture. Our data indicate the absence of an NMD-dependent autoregulatory circuit for human eRF1 expression. We found that the translation of the eRF1 coding sequence is most strongly influenced by the 5′ untranslated region of eRF1 mRNA and the start codon of the upstream open reading frame. According to the transcription start database, eRF1 mRNA is characterized by high heterogeneity of the transcription start and a variable 5' untranslated region in length. In addition, the start codon of the CDS in eRF1 mRNA is located within the known translational regulator of short 5' untranslated regions (TISU), which also stimulates mRNA transcription of genes with high transcription start heterogeneity. We hypothesize that regulation of human eRF1 synthesis occurs at both the transcriptional and translational levels. At the transcription level, the length of the eRF1 5' untranslated region and the number of the upstream open reading frames in it are regulated. This regulation in turn, regulates the production of eRF1 at the translation level.
Computation of the Fundamental Limits of Data Compression for Certain Nonstationary ARMA Vector Sources
Authors: Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez J. , Barasoain-Echepare Í. , Zárraga-Rodríguez M. , Insausti X. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the present article, the differential entropy rate and the rate distortion function (RDF) are computed for certain nonstationary real Gaussian autoregressive moving average (ARMA) vector sources.