bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential universality
Authors: Christ Thomas , Steuding Jörn , Vlachou Vagia 
Published: November 2012

AbstractVoronin's universality theorem claims that the Riemann zeta‐function ζ can approximate any non‐vanishing analytic function. We give new applications of this remarkable approximation property. In particular, we prove that the function Φ(s) ≔ F(ζ(s), ζ′(s), …, ζ(n)(s)) is universal in some sense, provided that F is sufficiently smooth (continuous or holomorphic). The proof relies on the theorem of Picard–Lindelöf and the implicit function theorem. Several examples are given.
New Curable Propylene Copolymers Containing Tert‐Butoxysilane Side Groups
Authors: Zimmer Susanna , Schöbel Alexander , Halbach Tobias , Stohrer Jürgen , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this work, new, crosslinkable copolymers from propylene and di‐tert‐butoxy(methyl)(oct‐7‐enyl)silane are presented. The silane‐functionalized monomer is obtained by hydrosilylation of 1,7‐octadiene with dichloromethylsilane, followed by the substitution of the chloro atoms by tert‐butoxy groups. Homopolymerization and copolymerization with propylene are performed using rac‐[ethylenebis(indenyl)]zirconium dichloride. The tert‐butoxysilane groups are easily cleaved by acid‐catalyzed processes. The resulting copolymer can be completely crosslinked via the tert‐butoxysilane functionality to obtain insoluble polymeric material and the gel content of the polymers with different silane content is determined. This method allows control of the copolymer composition and thus of the subsequent extent of crosslinking.
Colloid‐Electrospinning: Fabrication of Multicompartment Nanofibers by the Electrospinning of Organic or/and Inorganic Dispersions and Emulsions
Authors: Crespy Daniel , Friedemann Kathrin , Popa Ana‐Maria 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSolution‐, melt‐, and co‐axial electrospinning are well‐known methods for producing nano‐ and microfibers. The electrospinning of colloids (or colloid‐electrospinning) is a new field that offers the possibility to elaborate multicompartment nanomaterials. However, the presence of colloids in the electrospinning feed further complicates theoretical predictions in a system that is dependent on chemical, physical, and process parameters. Herein, we give a summary of recent important results and discuss the perspectives of electrospinning of colloids for the synthesis and characterization of multicompartment fibers.
An overview of online charging in 3GPP networks: new ways of utilizing user, network, and service‐related information
Authors: Grgic Tomislav , Matijasevic Maja 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYModern charging systems routinely apply the user, network, and service‐related information while performing online charging. Compared, however, to all the information available to and used in managing the network as a whole, the charging systems only use a limited subset. This work is motivated by the challenge to identify which information is used, and how it is used in online charging‐related processes, and also to explore whether it could be utilized ‘better’ or ‘smarter’ to improve future online charging systems functionality. We do not attempt to predict which information will be utilized in such systems and for what purpose, but instead summarize the open issues in view of the emerging trend of exploiting the user, network and service‐related information in service provisioning. We focus on the most recent 3GPP standards and relevant research papers, and propose three key aspects of online charging, with respect to information utilization: (a) signaling aspect, (b) inter‐domain aspect, and (c) service‐ and component‐based aspect. We present a state‐of‐the‐art review by grouping the works found in the literature based on the aspects they are associated with, and compare them based on the proposed comparison criteria. The discussion presented at the end of the paper indicates three common open issues, namely: (1) lack of common charging information specification and structure; (2) lack of mechanisms for information sharing among stakeholders in the service delivery process; and (3) lack of a common framework for sharing information while protecting user privacy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional Surface Area of the Distal Biceps Enthesis, Relationship to Body Size, Sex, Age and Secular Changes in a 20th Century American Sample
Authors: Nolte M. , Wilczak C. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThis study quantifies the influence of body size, sex, age and birth year (secular changes) on the 3D rugose surface area of thebiceps brachiiattachment site in a sample of 85 White individuals from the Robert J. Terry Collection. Entheseal surface areas were collected using a NextEngine ™ 3D scanner. Several osteometric measurements of the upper limb were used in the initial analysis to determine which were most suitable for use as a body size proxy. In general, articular dimensions correlate more strongly with biceps entheseal surface area than long bone lengths. The distal articular breadth of the humerus shows the strongest correlation with biceps surface area for men (n = 48,r = 0.504) and women (n = 37,r = 0.646). Men are larger bodied and have larger entheseal surface areas; however, women have larger biceps entheses relative to body size. Although the study sample was limited to individuals between the ages 30 and 49 years, age at death still explains approximately 8% of the variation in enthesis size for women (r = 0.284). Men are unequally distributed by age across birth years, and the results for age and secular change are ambiguous because their effects cannot be separated. Birth year explains about 30% of the variation in female rugose entheseal surface area (r = −0.552). Age and birth year together explain about 34% of the variation in enthesis size for men. Overall, body size is the single most significant variable for both men and women, while the combined effects of age and secular change present a nearly equivalent influence on 3D surface area of thebiceps brachiienthesis in this 20th century American sample. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Egr‐1: new conductor for the tissue repair orchestra directs harmony (regeneration) or cacophony (fibrosis)
Authors: Bhattacharyya Swati , Fang Feng , Tourtellotte Warren , Varga John 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the key effector cells executing physiological tissue repair leading to regeneration on the one hand, and pathological fibrogenesis leading to chronic fibrosing conditions on the other. Recent studies identify the multifunctional transcription factor early growth response‐1(Egr‐1) as an important mediator of fibroblast activation triggered by diverse stimuli. Egr‐1 has potent stimulatory effects on fibrotic gene expression, and aberrant Egr‐1 expression or function is associated with animal models of fibrosis and human fibrotic disorders, including emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension and systemic sclerosis. Pharmacological suppression or genetic targeting of Egr‐1 blocks fibrotic responses in vitro and ameliorates experimental fibrosis in the skin and lung. In contrast, Egr‐1 appears to act as a negative regulator of hepatic fibrosis in mouse models, suggesting a context‐dependent role in fibrosis. The Egr‐1‐binding protein Nab2 is an endogenous inhibitor of Egr‐1‐mediated signalling and abrogates the stimulation of fibrotic responses induced by transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ). Moreover, mice deficient in Nab2 show excessive collagen accumulation in the skin. These observations highlight a previously unsuspected fundamental physiological function for the Egr‐1–Nab2 signalling axis in regulating fibrogenesis, and suggest that Egr‐1 may be a potential novel therapeutic target in human diseases complicated by fibrosis. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the regulation and complex functional role of Egr‐1 and its related proteins and inhibitors in pathological fibrosis.
Retracted: Effect of surface‐treated TiO2 on non‐isothermal crystallization behavior of poly trimethylene terephthalate nanocomposites
Authors: Ramesh V. , Panda B.P. , Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe study of the non‐isothermal crystallization behavior of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)/TiO2 nanocomposites using untreated and surface‐treated TiO2 has been carried out with different theoretical models. The PTT/untreated TiO2 and surface‐treated TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared employing batch mixing technique with an aim to investigate the influence of the TiO2 dispersion on the crystallization behavior. The nucleation efficiency of the TiO2 nanoparticles has been demonstrated with the use of Avrami and Jeziorny models. Test results indicated that the PTT matrix with surface‐treated TiO2 particles has higher crystallization temperature and melting point than those with untreated PTT/TiO2 nanocomposites. Unlike untreated TiO2, surface‐treated TiO2 particles also showed less effect on the degree of crystallization of the PTT matrix. The TiO2 nanoparticles act as a nucleating agent in the PTT matrix by reducing the t½ of the crystallization time, thus making it easy to form crystals. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of nanoclay on morphological, thermal, and barrier properties of albumin bovine
Authors: Dash Satyabrata , Kisku Sudhir K. , Swain Sarat K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe bionanocomposite of albumin bovine with nanoclay (albumin/clay) has been successfully prepared by solution technique using CuSO4/glycine chelate complex as the catalyst with various percentage of nanoclay loading. The uniform dispersion of nanoclay with the albumin bovine matrix was achieved by continuous sonication technique. The micro structural interactions of albumin bovine with nanoclay were evidenced by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The structure of the albumin bovine/clay composites was investigated by X‐ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The thermal stability of the albumin/clay composites was more than that of the virgin albumin and remarkable increase in thermal property was obtained with increase in clay content. The oxygen barrier property of albumin/clay composites was measured and it was observed that the oxygen permeability was substantially reduced due to increase in nanoclay loading. The biodegradable property of albumin and its composites were measured. It was noticed that the pure albumin was degradable in 5 days whereas the albumin/clay bionanocomposites were stable up to 180 days. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Experimental investigation on the influence of the composition on the morphology and the mechanical properties of short glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites
Authors: Hopmann Christian , Michaeli Walter , Puch Florian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPolypropylene composites containing 0–5 wt% layered silicate and 0–30 wt% short glass fibers are prepared by melt compounding. To investigate the influence of different compositions on the mechanical properties of short glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites, materials with various filler contents are prepared. At a glass fiber content of 10 wt% Young's modulus of the layered silicate‐containing composites decreases by around 30% compared to conventional glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene. But at higher glass fiber loadings, an increasing modulus of up to 10% is observed. However, the addition of layered silicate results in large decreases of the tensile and the notched impact strength. A maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene enhances Young's modulus and the tensile strength. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Investigation on β‐polypropylene/PP‐g‐MAH/ surface‐treated calcium carbonate composites
Authors: Duan Jiawei , Dou Qiang 
Published: November 2012

Abstractβ‐Polypropylene composites containing calcium carbonate treated by titanate coupling agent (T‐CaCO3) and maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP‐g‐MAH) were prepared by melt compounding. The crystallization, morphology and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical tests. It is found that both T‐CaCO3 and NT‐C are able to induce the formation of β‐phase, and NT‐C greatly increases the β content and decreases the spherulitic size of PP. PP‐g‐MAH facilitates the formation of β‐form PP and improves the compatibility between T‐CaCO3 and PP. Izod notched impact strength of β‐PP/T‐CaCO3 composite is higher than that of PP/T‐CaCO3 composite, indicating the synergistic toughening effect of T‐CaCO3 and β‐PP. Incorporation of PP‐g‐MAH into β‐PP/T‐CaCO3 composite further increases the content of β‐crystal PP and improves the impact strength and tensile strength when T‐CaCO3 concentration is below 5 wt%. The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of β‐PP composites is well described by Jeziorny's and Mo's methods. It is found that NT‐C and T‐CaCO3 accelerate the crystallization rate of PP but the influence of PP‐g‐MAH on crystallization rate of β‐PP composite is marginal. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and decomposition performance of a polymeric foaming agent containing a sulfonyl hydrazide moiety
Authors: Jeong Jaewook , Kim Taeyoon , Cho Won‐Jei , Chung Ildoo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA new monomer, methacryloyloxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) (MAOBSH) containing a foamable sulfonyl hydrazide functional group after decomposition by heating, was synthesized from 4,4′‐oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) (OBSH) with methacryloyl chloride, and used to obtain poly(MAOBSH) as a polymeric foaming agent (PFA) in dry tetrahydrofuran at 70 °C using azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. The structures of the synthesized MAOBSH and poly(MAOBSH) were identified using Fourier transform infrared and 1 H NMR spectroscopies. The decomposition temperature of poly(MAOBSH) was determined to be 245 °C and this temperature was decreased to around 160 °C by adding an activator such as surface‐treated urea to the polymer. The exothermic temperature and heat determined by the decomposition of the polymer were 256 °C and 287 J g−1. The amount of gas evolution for poly(MAOBSH) measured at the decomposition temperature was 74 mL g−1. Furthermore, polymers incorporating the PFA showed better skin and finer cell structure as well as better mechanical properties such as elongation and compression set than polymers with added OBSH due to the better compatibility of the developed PFA with polymers. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Self‐crosslinking borate anions for the production of tough UV‐cured polyelectrolyte surfaces
Authors: Berven Bradley M. , Oviasuyi Richard O. , Klassen Robert J. , Idacavage Mike , Gillies Elizabeth R. , Ragogna Paul J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe first anion with four polymerizable groups has been synthesized and used to produce durable, crosslinked polyelectrolyte (PE) coatings in a single step. Sodium tetrakis(4‐vinylphenyl)borate (NaBSty4) was produced by the reaction of BCl3 and the Grignard of 4‐bromostyrene. The full series of borates NaBPhxSty4−x, x = 1−3, were also synthesized analogously by reaction of the styryl‐Grignard and PhBCl2, Ph2BCl, or Ph3B. Anion exchange of the borates with tributyl 4‐vinylbenzylphosphonium chloride gave a family of organic salts developed for applications in photopolymerized coatings. The percent UV cure of the polymer films was determined by infrared spectroscopy and this relative level of curing was corroborated by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The degree of crosslinking imparted to the polymer films by the different monomers has resulted in varied mechanical properties, which were probed by diamond tip scratch tests and nanoindentation. These clearly demonstrated that as the number of polymerizable groups increased, the film hardness increased correspondingly. The final hardness of the films exceeds those of other related systems and identifies styryl borates as viable crosslinking additives in UV curable technologies, especially in the production of durable PE films. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Non‐isocyanate synthesis and application of telechelic polyurethanes via polycondensation of diurethanes obtained from ethylene carbonate and diamines
Authors: Ochiai Bungo , Utsuno Tomohisa 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAliphatic polyurethanes could be obtained in high yield via a non‐isocyanate method based on the self‐polycondensation of dihydroxyurethanes obtained by the reaction of diamines and ethylene carbonate. The polycondensation under a N2 atmosphere yielded [6,2]polyurethane with a Mn value of 5300 in 87% yield. Two‐step polycondensation, consisting of the polycondensation under a N2 atmosphere followed by that under reduced pressure, was effective to improve the yield and the molecular weight up to 90% and 10,000, respectively. Although the second polycondensation step at 180 °C was accompanied by formation of urea groups, this side reaction was relatively suppressed at 150 °C. The resulting polyurethane having hydroxyl groups at both of the end groups was converted to polyurethane methacrylate via a reaction with glycidyl methacrylate, and the polyurethane methacrylate served as a crosslinker for radical polymerization of methyl acrylate. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Acceleration of the imine base/isocyanate (IBI)‐mediated polymerization of MMA caused by ionic liquid traces
Authors: Polenz Ingmar , Georg Schmidt Friedrich , Spange Stefan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe brutto rate of the imine base/isocyanate (IBI)‐mediated radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) can be significantly increased by use of ionic liquid (IL) traces. At least, catalytic amounts of IL influence both the value of the brutto polymerization rate νBr,0 and the necessary reaction temperature of the used IBI mixture. Combinations of 2‐phenyl‐2‐oxazoline (POX) or 1‐methyl pyrazole (1MP) with isocyanates are IBI systems that usually do not initiate MMA at room temperature. By adding traces of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ([Emim]FAP), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with high average molecular weight can be obtained whereas the initiator mixture (imine base/isocyanate) concentration can be decreased by a factor of 10. The polymerization kinetics of several IBI combinations in the presence of ILs has been determined and a comparison to non‐IL containing initiator mixtures is given. Additionally, the temperature dependence of the IL‐containing polymerizations was measured. The interaction of the IL with MMA and the individual IBI initiator components is studied by means of attenuated total reflection Fourier transformation middle infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT MIR). Furthermore, the IBI brutto polymerization rate constants kBr,0 were brought into relation to the IL hydrogen bond donating ability α. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Cationic polymerization of isobutylene at room temperature
Authors: Kostjuk Sergei V. , Yeong Hui Yee , Voit Brigitte 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis review highlights recent approaches toward polyisobutylene (PIB) by an energy efficient room temperature cationic polymerization. Special focus is laid on our own work using modified Lewis acids and nitrile‐ligated metal complexes associated with weakly coordinating anions. In both cases, suitable conditions have been found for efficient production of PIB characterized by medium to low molar masses and a high content of exo double bonds as end groups—the typical features of highly reactive PIB, an important commercial intermediate toward oil and gasoline additives. These and other approaches demonstrate that the cationic polymerization of isobutylene is still not fully explored, and new innovative catalyst systems can lead to surprising results of high commercial interest. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Smaller companies struggle with process safety
Authors: Herber John W. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe majority of accidents investigated by the US Chemical Safety and Hazards Investigation Board (CSB) occurred at smaller companies. Some of these companies do not fully recognize the hazards of the processes they operate, they are not aware of regulatory requirements, and they do not understand the value of these regulations. While small company accidents lack the visibility of large company accidents, they are devastating to the company, its employees, the community, and its customers.This article presents a brief review of some CSB investigation reports for small company accidents and summarizes the specific reasons for these accidents. I include specific recommendations for small companies and other recommendations for larger companies, regulators, and industry groups to support smaller companies in their struggle to implement process safety management (PSM). My conclusions and recommendations are based on the lessons learned from the CSB incident reports and my own personal experience that has been focused on helping small companies prevent accidents. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
Low temperature diamond growth by linear antenna plasma CVD over large area
Authors: Izak Tibor , Babchenko Oleg , Varga Marian , Potocky Stepan , Kromka Alexander 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRecently, there is a great effort to increase the deposition area and decrease the process temperature for diamond growth which will enlarge its applications including use of temperature sensitive substrates. In this work, we report on the large area (20 × 30 cm2) and low temperature (250 °C) polycrystalline diamond growth by pulsed linear antenna microwave plasma system. The influence of substrate temperature varied from 250 to 680 °C, as controlled by the table heater and/or by microwave power, is studied. It was found that the growth rate, film morphology and diamond to non‐diamond phases (sp3/sp2 carbon bonds) are influenced by the growth temperature, as confirmed by SEM and Raman measurements. The surface chemistry and growth processes were studied in terms of activation energies (Ea) calculated from Arrhenius plots. The activation energies of growth processes were very low (1.7 and 7.8 kcal mol−1) indicating an energetically favourable growth process from the CO2CH4H2 gas mixture. In addition, from activation energies two different growth regimes were observed at low and high temperatures, indicating different growth mechanism.
Carbon nanobamboo: Junctions between left and right handed single walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Rusznyák Á. , Koltai J. , Zólyomi V. , Kürti J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHeating of organic molecules, for example, fullerenes encapsulated in single walled carbon nanotubes can result in the coalescence of the molecules forming an inner tube. The growth of tubes with different diameters and/or chiralities can start at different places at the same time. The formation of a junction between the two different tubes depends on many parameters. A special case is when the two tubes have the same chiralities, but opposite handedness. We have shown using topological and combinatorial arguments that at least two non‐equivalent junctions can be formed in these cases, with different arrangements of the pentagons and heptagons in the junction. We optimized the geometry using first principles method and investigated the effect of the junction on the electronic density of states of the bamboo‐type nanotube.