bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The place of culture-based reasons in public debates
Authors: Alvarez Allen 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The question of how society should deal with social conflicts arising from cultural differences persists. Should we adopt an exclusivist approach by excluding reasons based on specific cultural traditions (culture-based reasons) from public debates about social policy, especially because these reasons do not appeal to the public at large? Or should we resort to an inclusivist approach by including reasons based on cultural traditions in public debate to give recognition to the diverse cultural identities of those who practice these traditions? While these two approaches assign different roles to cultural traditions in public debate, both seem to welcome compromise between conflicting parties. This paper reviews contending normative approaches for dealing with conflicts in multicultural societies and explores the place of culture-based reasons in public debates designed to resolve conflicts.
Dry or picturesque? The use of figurative language in Israeli supreme court verdicts
Authors: Kayam Orly , Galily Yair 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The legal language of lawyers and judges is generally dry and factual but an examination of the rulings of Israeli Supreme Court justices shows that at least some of them use very picturesque speech to support their positions. This paper describes the use of figurative language as employed by Israeli Supreme Court justices in their writing of verdicts. Examples of the use of metaphors, metonymy, word play, imagery, oxymorons, parables and allegory are cited and discussed.
On diversity within operators’ EEG responses to LED-produced alternate stimulus in SSVEP BCI
Authors: Byczuk M. , Poryzała P. , Materka A. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This work is an attempt to identify causes of the widely observed fact that performance of Brain-Computer Interface systems based on Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials varies between different users. The efficient LED-produced alternate stimulus systems are taken into account. The effect of stimulus color and flickering frequency on measured SSVEP response at first and second harmonics is investigated for 10 women and 11 men. The experimental setup is described, measurement procedure, signal processing and analysis algorithms are outlined. The results are presented and discussed. One of the early conclusions drawn from this extensive research is that the promising strategy of SSVEP-based BCI system optimization for best performance can be through stimulus adjustment to each individual user.
G-PAS 2.0 – an improved version of protein alignment tool with an efficient backtracking routine on multiple GPUs
Authors: Frohmberg W. , Kierzynka M. , Blazewicz J. , Wojciechowski P. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Several highly efficient alignment tools have been released over the past few years, including those taking advantage of GPUs (Graphics Processing Units). G-PAS (GPU-based Pairwise Alignment Software) was one of them, however, with a couple of interesting features that made it unique. Nevertheless, in order to adapt it to a new computational architecture some changes had to be introduced. In this paper we present G-PAS 2.0 - a new version of the software for performing high-throughput alignment. Results show, that the new version is faster nearly by a fourth on the same hardware, reaching over 20 GCUPS (Giga Cell Updates Per Second).
Efficient alternatives to PSI-BLAST
Authors: Startek M. , Lasota S. , Sykulski M. , Bułak A. , Noé L. , Kucherov G. , Gambin A. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In this paper we present two algorithms that may serve as efficient alternatives to the well-known PSI BLAST tool: SeedBLAST and CTX-PSI Blast. Both may benefit from the knowledge about amino acid composition specific to a given protein family: SeedBLAST uses the advisedly designed seed, while CTX-PSI BLAST extends PSI BLAST with the context-specific substitution model. The seeding technique became central in the theory of sequence alignment. There are several efficient tools applying seeds to DNA homology search, but not to protein homology search. In this paper we fill this gap. We advocate the use of multiple subset seeds derived from a hierarchical tree of amino acid residues. Our method computes, by an evolutionary algorithm, seeds that are specifically designed for a given protein family. The seeds are represented by deterministic finite automata (DFAs) and built into the NCBI-BLAST software. This extended tool, named SeedBLAST, is compared to the original BLAST and PSI-BLAST on several protein families. Our results demonstrate a superiority of SeedBLAST in terms of efficiency, especially in the case of twilight zone hits. The contextual substitution model has been proven to increase sensitivity of protein alignment. In this paper we perform a next step in the contextual alignment program. We announce a contextual version of the PSI-BLAST algorithm, an iterative version of the NCBI-BLAST tool. The experimental evaluation has been performed demonstrating a significantly higher sensitivity compared to the ordinary PSI-BLAST algorithm.
SAW sensor for detection of hydrocarbons. Numerical analysis and experimental results
Authors: Hejczyk T. , Urbańczyk M. , Wituła R. , Maciak E. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the results of numerical analyses of the SAW gas sensor in the steady and non-steady state. The effect of SAW velocity changes vs. the surface electrical conductivity of the sensing layer is predicted. The conductivity of the porous sensing layer above the piezoelectric waveguide depends on the profile of the diffused gas molecule concentration inside the layer. Knudsen’s model of gas diffusion was used. Numerical results for the gases CH4, C2H4, C3H8, C6H6 in the steady state and CH4 in the non-steady state in the WO3 sensing layer have been shown. The results of numerical analyzes allow to select the sensor design conditions, including the morphology of the sensor layer, its thickness and operating temperature. Some numerical results were verified in experimental studies concerning methane.
The study of electronic voltage transducers operation in conditions of dips and interruptions of measured voltage
Authors: Kaczmarek M. , Szczesny A. , Nowicz R. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to present a response on dips and on interruptions of the measured voltage by means of electronic voltage transducers and inductive voltage transformers. Results of laboratory studies show high overvoltages generated in both a primary and secondary side of inductive VTs during the above mentioned conditions. Overvoltages in secondary circuits may damage measuring or protection apparatus connected to the secondary side of the VT. Using electronic voltage transducers enables users to avoid these problems.
SI-Studio – environment for SI circuits design automation
Authors: Szczęsny S. , Naumowicz M. , Handkiewicz A. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The current work is an answer to the problem of designing switched-current (SI) circuits, which is usually a complex issue in the field of microelectronics. The mentioned task is a source of many mistakes and takes a lot of time for designers, therefore authors of the article decided to propose a software solution. This article presents an environment for design automation of analogue circuits in the switched currents technique. It points out the utility advantages of the described tools, which make the work of a VLSI designer much easier, moreover offering a possibility to parameterise the design process considering power consumption, chip area usage and its working speed. It also presents results of an automatic generation of a filter pair circuit, as well as a DCT circuit - automatically generated with the proposed SI-Studio software tools.
The Danish Version of the Modified Constant-Murley Shoulder Score: Reliability, Agreement, and Construct Validity
Authors: Moeller Anders D. , Thorsen Rikke R. , Torabi Tina P. , Bjoerkman Anne-Sofie D. , Christensen Elsebeth H. , Maribo Thomas , Christiansen David H. 
Published: March 2014

Study Design Test-retest study. Objectives To assess the reliability, agreement, and validity of the Danish version of the modified Constant-Murley score (CMS). Background Modified CMS guidelines were published in 2008. These modifications have recently been translated and cross-culturally adapted into a Danish version. However, the reliability and the validity of this version have yet to be established. Methods A total of 45 patients with shoulder impingement syndrome were examined by 2 raters using the modified version of the CMS and a questionnaire that included the Oxford shoulder score. Both raters had a minimum of experience using the CMS. Intrarater and interrater agreement and reliability were examined and compared. Construct validity was assessed by the correlation between the scores of the CMS and the Oxford shoulder score. Results The minimal detectable change was estimated to be 13 and 11 points for raters A and B, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.93 for rater A and 0.95 for rater B. Interrater comparison demonstrated a minimal detectable change of 12 points and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.94. The correlation coefficient between the CMS and the Oxford shoulder score was 0.76. Conclusion The intrarater and interrater reliability and agreement of the Danish version of the modified CMS were found to be acceptable, and construct validity was confirmed. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(5):336–340. Epub 27 March 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5008
The HIV Nef protein modulates cellular and exosomal miRNA profiles in human monocytic cells
Authors: Aqil Madeeha , Naqvi Afsar Raza , Mallik Saurav , Bandyopadhyay Sanghamitra , Maulik Ujjwal , Jameel Shahid 
Published: March 2014

IntroductionThe HIV Nef protein is a multifunctional virulence factor that perturbs intracellular membranes and signalling and is secreted into exosomes. While Nef‐containing exosomes have a distinct proteomic profile, no comprehensive analysis of their miRNA cargo has been carried out. Since Nef functions as a viral suppressor of RNA interference and disturbs the distribution of RNA‐induced silencing complex proteins between cells and exosomes, we hypothesized that it might also affect the export of miRNAs into exosomes.MethodExosomes were purified from human monocytic U937 cells that stably expressed HIV‐1 Nef. The RNA from cells and exosomes was profiled for 667 miRNAs using a Taqman Low Density Array. Selected miRNAs and their mRNA targets were validated by quantitative RT‐PCR. Bioinformatics analyses were used to identify targets and predict pathways.ResultsNef expression affected a significant fraction of miRNAs in U937 cells. Our analysis showed 47 miRNAs to be selectively secreted into Nef exosomes and 2 miRNAs to be selectively retained in Nef‐expressing cells. The exosomal miRNAs were predicted to target several cellular genes in inflammatory cytokine and other pathways important for HIV pathogenesis, and an overwhelming majority had targets within the HIV genome.ConclusionsThis is the first study to report miRnome analysis of HIV Nef expressing monocytes and exosomes. Our results demonstrate that Nef causes large‐scale dysregulation of cellular miRNAs, including their secretion through exosomes. We suggest this to be a novel viral strategy to affect pathogenesis and to limit the effects of RNA interference on viral replication and persistence.
Monnaie et libéralisme : le cas Hayek
Authors: Tutin Christian 
Published: March 2014

Hayek's proposal of competitive supply of money strongly opposes the monetary tradition of liberalism, who rested on the alleged inhability of market mecha- nisms to ensure both the determination of the quantity of money and its equilibrium value.
Nevertheless, the stability of a competitive monetary order is highly doubtful/, for it is based upon the possibility that banks could control secondary emissions, and discover through market procedures a stable standard of value. Moreover, the plurality of currencies seems very difficult to maintain through time.
Thus the proposition that monetary competition would eliminate inflation and the subsequent fluctuations of investment and output, far from being proved, appears as a mere postulate.
The Hayekian Utopia is then more vuluable for its critical aspects than for its own validity.
Keynes on Probability, Uncertainty and Tragic Choices
Authors: Carabelli Anna M. 
Published: March 2014

Right from 1904-6 Keynes was interested in the problems of moral dilemmas which are typical of Greek tragedy. His constant attention to the incommensurability and incomparability of magnitudes (probability and economic magnitudes such as real income, real capital and general price level) derives from this early interest in dilemmas and his concept of uncertainty is connected with rational dilemmas and tragic choices. So, in Keynes, incommensurability and uncertainty are connected with Greek tragedy.
Keynes deals with the incommensurability of reasons which are at the ground of probable judgement in his A Treatise on Probability : rational dilemmas arise when there is conflict between incommensurable, opposite and heterogeneous reasons which cannot be weighed down one against the others on a common balance. The dilemmas of the umbrella in A Treatise on Probability, of Buridan's ass in Keynes' s letter to Townshend in 1939, of the two Queens Victoria and Elizabeth in The General Theory are some of the examples to which Keynes refers in his writings. These dilemmas characterise situations of indecision, of irreducible conflict, that is of uncertainty.
Repeated evolution of tricellular (and bicellular) pollen
Authors: Williams Joseph H. , Taylor Mackenzie L. , O'Meara Brian C. 
Published: March 2014

• Premise of study: Male gametophytes of seed plants are sexually immature at the time they are dispersed as pollen, but approximately 30% of flowering plants have tricellular pollen containing fully formed sperm at anthesis. The classic study of Brewbaker (1967: American Journal of Botany 54: 1069–1083) provided a powerful confirmation of the long‐standing hypothesis that tricellular pollen had many parallel and irreversible origins within angiosperms. We readdressed the main questions of that study with modern comparative phylogenetic methods.• Methods: We used our own and more recent reports to greatly expand the Brewbaker data set. We modeled trait evolution for 2511 species on a time‐calibrated angiosperm phylogeny using (1) Binary State Speciation and Extinction (BiSSE), which accounts for the effect of species diversification rates on character transition rates and, (2) the hidden rates model (HRM), which incorporates variation in transition rates across a phylogeny.• Key results: Seventy percent of species had bicellular pollen. BiSSE found a 1.9‐fold higher bicellular to tricellular transition rate than in the reverse direction, and bicellular lineages had a 1.8‐fold higher diversification rate than tricellular lineages. HRM found heterogeneity in evolutionary rates, with bidirectional transition rates in three of four rate classes.• Conclusions: The tricellular condition is not irreversible. Pollen cell numbers are maintained at intermediate frequencies because lower net diversification rates of tricellular lineages are counterbalanced by slower state shifts to the bicellular condition. That tricellular lineages diversify slowly and give rise to bicellular lineages slowly reflects a linkage between the evolution of sporophyte lifestyles and the developmental lability of male gametophytes.
La présidentielle iranienne de juin 2013 : enjeux et décryptages
Authors: Ladier-Fouladi Marie 
Published: March 2014

L’élection surprenante de Hassan Rohani, dès le premiertour de la présidentielle de juin 2013, a satisfait tout le monde, à tel point que les forces politiques internes tout comme les pays occidentaux ont reconnu implicitement et unanimement la régularité du suffrage. Mais faut-il croire que cette élection, contrairement aux précédentes, a été régulière et que ni le Conseil des gardiens ni le ministère de l’Intérieur, ne sont pas intervenus dans le décompte des votes ? L’absence des statistiques appropriées, l’omission assez étrange des résultats des élections municipales, qui ont pourtant eu lieu le même jour, et qui se sont révélés à l’opposé de ceux de la présidentielle et enfin la configuration de la compétition – six candidats en lice -, qui semblait rendre logiquement nécessaire un second tour pour sceller le sort du scrutin, mènent à croire que les résultats de ce scrutin sont entachés de manœuvre frauduleuse. Pour autant que l’on puisse le savoir, des négociations auraient été engagées entre le Guide suprême et Hachemi Rafsandjani après le troisième débat télévisé et au cours de la seconde semaine d’une campagne électorale sans relief. Le Guide a dû faire des concessions pour soutenir finalement le candidat de Hachemi Rafsandjani et d’une partie des réformateurs, Hassan Rohani. Un choix qui, en l’état actuel des enjeux intérieurs et extérieurs, a surtout arrangé le Guide, lui permettant de regagner sa légitimité et celle du régime islamique auprès de l’opinion publique nationale et internationale.
Mémoire de la guerre civile espagnole : reconquête d'une mémoire amputée par la moitié
Authors: Daguzan Jean-François 
Published: March 2014

La guerre civile est un épisode déterminant de l’histoirecontemporaine de l’Espagne. Depuis la fin de la dictature, cet épisode s’est plus ou moins invité au cœur de la mémoire collective selon les contextes politiques. Niée dans les années de dictature, très refroidie dans les années de transition démocratique, elle s’est réchauffée depuis le début le milieu des années 1990. C’est sur cette rupture et sur ses causes que cet article revient. Mêlant expérience personnelle et analyse distanciée, l’auteur revient sur un phénomène à la fois singulier dans son expression et assez universel dans ses mécanismes.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli from Various Clinical Samples
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Singh Amit Kumar , Ali Mohammad Rashid , Chander Yogesh 
Published: March 2014

Background Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli has tremendously increased worldwide and it is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality associated with hospital-acquired infections. This could be attributed to association of multi drug resistance in ESBL producing isolates. The present study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity profile of ESBL producing E. coli isolates from various clinical samples. Materials and Methods Clinical samples, which consist of pus, urine, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), stool, sputum, swabs, and different body fluids, are included in the study. Samples were processed and identified as per routine laboratory protocol. ESBL screening and confirmation along with antimicrobial susceptibility test was done according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results Out of 180 third generation cephalosporins resistant E. coli, 100 (55.55%) isolates were ESBL producers showing a greater degree of resistance to antibiotics. Conclusion The prevalence of ESBL is increasing day by day in nearly every center of different countries and necessary steps to prevent the spread and emergence of resistance should be taken.
Surface Roughness Analysis of Dental Ceramics Treated with Hydrofluoric Acid and Aluminum Oxide Jet
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Borges Alvaro Henrique , de Campos Edson Alves , Bandeca Matheus Coelho , Porto Thiago Soares , Lorenzetti Camila Cruz , Neto Sizenando Toledo Porto , Dinelli Wellington 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of 5 indirect restorative materials treated with hydrofluoric acid to 10%, with aluminum oxide jet and a combination of both. The specimens was prepared with 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm thickness, divided into five groups: (1) Ceromer (CeseadII-Kuraray), (2) Leucite crystals ceramics (IPS EmpressIIIvoclarforcasket), (3) glass ceramic with fluorapatite (IPS D. Sign-Ivoclar), (4) lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS Empress II-Ivoclar restorations), (5) ceramics (Cergogold-Degussa). For all groups were performed the controls, and the surfaces with the 3 types of treatment. For testing roughness used the rugosimeter Taylor/Hobson-Precision, model form tracerSV-C525 high sensitivity. After confirmation of variance analysis with a significance level of 1% (p < 0.01), there was equality between the average roughness of materials from groups 1, 3 and 5, and the group 2 was different from the others. It was also found that the ceramics of the group 5 behaved similar to group 4. However the lowest average roughness was observed in group 2 ceramic. In the evaluation between the types of treatment, the aluminum oxide jet and associations and blasting with hydrofluoric acid were similar, and different isolated hydrofluoric acid, and 3 types of treatment significantly higher than the control group. All treatments promoted superficial alterations in all tested materials.

How to cite this article
Porto TS, Tonetto MR, Lorenzetti CC, Bandéca MC, Borges AH, Neto STP, de Campos EA, Dinelli W. Surface Roughness Analysis of Dental Ceramics Treated with Hydrofluoric Acid and Aluminum Oxide Jet. World J Dent 2014;5(1):1-5.
Prevalence of Dental Anxiety and the Psychometric Properties of Modified Dental Anxiety Scale in Nigeria
Authors: Koleoso Olaide N , Akhigbe Kingsley O 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTAimThis study focused on the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale to determine the prevalence of dental anxiety and assess the psychometric properties in Nigerian population.Materials and methodsIncluded in the study were 619 participants (204 males and 415 females) chosen conveniently from among the dental patients, students of post basic nursing and staff nurses, all from University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. The mean age was 31.34 (11.77) years. Participants completed a questionnaire containing the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale.ResultsThe prevalence of high dental anxiety was found to be 10.7% at the cut-off point ≥ 19. Cronbach's alpha for the present Nigerian sample was 0.80. Factor analysis revealed one factor with an eigenvalue greater than 2. This factor explained 55.9% of the variance of the items. In addition, the MDAS showed a significant difference between the genders, with the female (X̄ =13.86;SD= 4.64) reporting higher dental anxiety score than the male (X̄ =12.62;SD= 4.73).ConclusionMDAS demonstrated satisfactory and acceptable psychometric properties. Therefore, dental surgeons, clinical psychologists, psychiatrists and other therapists can use MDAS as an objective tool for detecting and possible management of high dental anxiety in Nigeria.How to cite this articleKoleoso ON, Akhigbe KO. Prevalence of Dental Anxiety and the Psychometric Properties of Modified Dental Anxiety Scale in Nigeria. World J Dent 2014;5(1):53-59.