bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anger Experience, Styles of Anger Expression, Sadistic Personality Disorder, and Psychopathy in Juvenile Sexual Homicide Offenders
Authors: Myers WC , Monaco L 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Sexual homicide by juveniles is a rare phenomenon, and information regarding the psychological and behavioral characteristics of this group is limited. No studies exist which have investigated anger experience and styles of anger expression, and the relationship between anger, sadistic personality disorder, and psychopathy, in this type of youthful offender. These areas were explored by evaluating 14 juvenile sexual homicide offenders through clinical assessment, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP), the Revised Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R), and review of correctional records. Descriptive information for the STAXI scales and internal consistency data are presented. Trait Anger was significantly higher than State Anger for the youth, but still comparable to adolescent norms. The difference between Anger-In and Anger-Out scale scores was not significant. Unexpectedly, Anger Control scale scores were significantly higher than Anger Out scale scores, clinically consistent with efforts by some of these boys to resist sadistic impulses. Those four (31%) participants who met criteria for sadistic personality had significantly higher Anger-Out scale scores than those without the disorder, and were also higher on Trait Anger to a marginally significant degree. Psychopathy was significantly negatively associated with Anger Control. This study is intended to contribute to the scant literature on juvenile sexual homicide, and lends some support to the validity and utility of sadistic personality disorder as a diagnosis in younger forensic populations. The findings did not support the contention that this form of violence is necessarily an outgrowth of excessive anger.
The Comparison of Toluene Determination Between Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction and Headspace Methods in Glue-Sniffer's Blood and Urine Samples
Authors: Kim NY , Park SW 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
An accurate and simple method was developed to determine the level of toluene in urine and blood quantitatively by using the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with headspace—solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) technique. An assembly of SPME with a replaceable extraction fiber, coated with 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane, was used. The detection limit of toluene in blood and urine with HS-SPME technique was 10 times higher than that with headspace (HS) technique. To compare the HS-SPME with HS technique for the determination of toluene in biological fluids, blood and urine samples from glue sniffers were analyzed by both methods. The level of toluene by the two techniques was highly correlated: the correlation coefficient (r2) between the two sets of values were 0.98 and 0.96 in urine and blood, respectively.
Achiral and Chiral Quantification of Methamphetamine and Amphetamine in Human Urine by Semi-micro Column High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Al-Dirbashi OY , Wada M , Kuroda N , Takahashi M , Nakashima K 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this paper, miniaturized achiral and chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic procedures for the determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in human urine are described. After a simple pretreatment of human urine (i.e., 10 μL of urine or diluted urine were acidified and dried-up under N2 at room temperature) and fluorescence derivatization with 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-benzoyl chloride under mild conditions (pH 9.0, 10 min at room temperature), the derivatives were isocratically separated on a semi-micro ODS column with Tris-HCl buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.0): acetonitrile (45 + 55 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min or their enantiomers were separated on a semi-micro OD-RH column with sodium hexafluorophosphate (0.3 M aq.): acetonitrile (44 + 56 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.1 mL/min as the mobile phase. Wide-ranged calibration curves were obtained with detection limits for the achiral and chiral analyses in the atto and femtomol levels, respectively, per injected volume. Satisfactory within- and between-day reproducibility data were obtained with both the methods with the highest relative standard deviation being 9.6%. The methods were applied to the determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in human urine samples and the concentrations determined by the two methods were well correlated (r = 0.994).
The Search for “Yvonne”: A Case Example of the Delineation of a Grave Using Near-Surface Geophysical Methods
Authors: Nobes DC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Shallow electromagnetic (EM) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were conducted in an area north of Auckland, New Zealand to assist the search for human remains. The body had been buried for almost 12 years in a plantation forest that was irregularly disrupted and modified by tree harvesting and the partial removal of stumps. EM identified anomalous areas of potential interest, because a target need only be nearby to generate an EM response. GPR was then used to map subsurface layering, layering disruption, and buried objects, immediately adjacent to an EM anomaly. Because of the nature of the site, numerous geophysical anomalies were present. GPR was particularly sensitive to site disturbance resulting from the forestry operations. An isolated EM anomaly on the fringes of an expanded survey area was coincident with the location of the body. Whether for criminal investigations or for archaeological work, a combination of geophysical techniques is recommended.
Hyperparathyroidism and Psychosis: Possible Prelude to Murder
Authors: Bresler SA , Logan WS , Washington D 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The authors present a case of a middle aged attorney who suffered from hyperparathyroidism and a psychotic disorder. It is possible that the hyperparathyroidism may have precipitated an acute psychotic delusional rage leading to an attempted mass murder. They discuss the relationship between hyperparathyroidism and neuropsychiatric symptoms in consideration of available research.
Sudden Unexpected Infant Death due to Fibroma of the Heart
Authors: Meissner C , Minnasch P , Gafumbegete E , Reiter A , Gerling I , Oehmichen M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A 7-month-old previously healthy female infant was found dead in her crib by her mother shortly after having been laid down to sleep following the noontime feeding. Because the child did not suffer from an acute illness and no other evidence pointed to a cause of death, it was initially assumed by the police that she had died of sudden infant death syndrome. At autopsy, however, the cause of death was determined to be cardiac arrhythmia secondary to fibroma of the heart.
Homicidal Commotio Cordis in Two Children
Authors: Scott Denton J , Kalelkar MB 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper's objective is to describe two cases of fatal commotio cordis resulting from the deliberate striking of children's chests by adults with their fists. These deaths involve two male children, ages 3 years and 14 months. The clinical histories, events in the households prior to the deaths, behaviors of the children, autopsy findings, and investigation results are all similar. In both cases, fatal blows were delivered to the anterior chest with a closed fist. Both children collapsed immediately, unable to be resuscitated. Confessions were obtained in both cases by investigators soon after the children's deaths. Autopsies showed chest contusions in only one child, presumably due to knuckle impact. The cardiac rhythms noted by paramedics were ventricular fibrillation and asystole. Due to the lack of physical findings, an immediate and thorough investigation is critical. An accurate history of events preceding death must be obtained.
Fatal Poisoning from Nicotiana Glauca Leaves: Identification of Anabasine by Gas-Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Mizrachi N , Levy S , Goren Z 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Death of a worker occurred after ingestion of unknown amounts of Nicotiana glauca G leaves. The leaves were cooked after having been mistakenly considered to be spices of a type which grow in Thailand. After ingestion, two Thai workers collapsed, one with asystolia. Resuscitation efforts were successful only for one of the victims. A GC/MS method was used for the identification of anabasine as the main constituent in the leaves, food extract, blood, and the urine of the deceased. Lacking a standard, it was necessary to interpret the GC/MS spectrum to identify anabasine and establish its presence.
Environmental Forensics: A Glossary of Terms
Authors: Uzych L 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Environmental Forensics: A Glossary of Terms, by Dr. Robert Morrison, is actually bifurcated into a glossary, containing over 3500 definitions, and 1500 acronyms and abbreviations. The book encompasses terms that are drawn from diverse, environmental forensic-related realms, including: chemistry, physics, toxicology, geology, and engineering. Typically, the definition are one sentence along, although some are considerably longer.
Forensic Science Glossary
Authors: Uzych L 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
As the already expansive terrain of forensic science continues to expand its boundaries, the number of attendant technical terms continues to grow as well. A glossary which provides succinct, plain-English explanations for such teims has clear value, because it may help bridge communications barriers that may otherwise separate scientist from non-scientist, and which may, as well, act as a language chasm drawing apart one scientist from another.
Chemical Development of Latent Fingerprints: Computational Design of Ninhydrin Analogues
Authors: Elber R , Frank A , Almog J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The design of chemical compounds for development of latent fingerprints is explored computationally. Our main findings are: (a) We show why past attempts to improve the widely used ninhydrin gave relatively small improvements (referring to color only). The optical transition is connected with a “transition core” and therefore is influenced little by substitution on the aromatic rings. (b) We propose new analogues of ninhydrin with a significant potential such as thiono derivatives.
Photoluminescent CdS/Dendrimer Nanocomposites for Fingerprint Detection
Authors: Menzel ER , Takatsu M , Murdock RH , Bouldin K , Cheng KH 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
CdS/dendrimer nanocomposites with a range of concentrations of the photoluminescent semiconductor nanocluster and the dendrimer are prepared in methanol and 1:9 methanol:water solutions. The solutions are utilized for detection of cyanoacrylate ester fumed and unfumed fingerprints on polyethylene and aluminum foil.
Method for Characterization of Adhesion Properties of Trace Explosives in Fingerprints and Fingerprint Simulations
Authors: Phares DJ , Holt JK , Smedley GT , Flagan RC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The near inevitable transfer of explosive particulate matter through fingerprints makes it possible to detect concealed explosives through surface sampling. Repeatable and well-characterized fingerprint simulation facilitates quantitative comparison between particulate sampling methods for subsequent detection of trace explosive residues. This study employs a simple, but reproducible sampling system to determine the accuracy of a fingerprint simulation. The sampling system uses a gas jet to entrain particles from a substrate and the resulting airborne particles are then aspirated onto a Teflon filter. A calibrated Barringer IonScan 400 ion mobility spectrometer was used to determine the mass of explosive material collected on the filter. The IonScan 400 was calibrated with known masses of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The resulting calibration curve is in good agreement with that obtained by Garofolo et al. (1994) (1) for an earlier model of the instrument. The collection efficiency of the sampling system was measured for three particle sizes (8.0, 10.0, and 13.0 μm) using spherical polystyrene particles laced with known quantities of TNT. Collection efficiency ranged from less than 1% for the larger particles to 5% for the smaller particles. Particle entrainment from the surface was monitored with dark field imaging of the remaining particles. The sampling system was then applied to two C4 test samples—a fingerprint transfer and a dry Teflon transfer. Over 100 ng of RDX was collected from the dry transfer sample, while less than 1 ng was collected from the fingerprint transfer. Possible explanations for this large difference are presented based on the system calibration.
ABTS: A Safe Alternative to DAB for the Enhancement of Blood Fingerprints
Authors: Caldwell JP , Henderson W , Kim ND 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The use of 2,2′-azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazolinesulfonate(6)] diammonium salt (ABTS) for the enhancement of fingerprints in blood has been investigated. Optimal pH conditions and H2O2 concentrations have been determined using UV/Vis spectroscopy. ABTS is an effective and safe noncarcinogenic (though more expensive) alternative to the presently used 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) for the development of blood fingerprints, especially on porous surfaces. The bright green color of the oxidized ABTS is an advantage on certain colored surfaces where the dark brown color of DAB does not stand out well from the background. Development with ABTS does not interfere with subsequent DAB treatment, making ABTS a “nothing-to-lose” reagent. ABTS can be used after ninhydrin treatment, but the reverse is not the case.
A Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for ABO Blood Typing of Semen by Using Anti-p 84 Monoclonal Antibody as a Marker of Blood Group Substance in Semen
Authors: Sato I , Nakamura A , Ujiie K , Yukawa N , Nakajima Y 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A blood group substance (BGS), a protein with ABH antigenic activity, was isolated from human seminal plasma and designated as p 84 (Sato, 1995) (1). We have developed a method for determining the ABO blood type of semen by performing a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in which p 84 is captured with an anti-p 84 monoclonal antibody, and evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of this method. Although BGS activity was detected in semen sensitively by this method, it was not detected in saliva, urine, breast milk, blood or vaginal secretions. Since the concentration of p 84 in semen was independent of the secretion status, the status can be determined as non-secretor when p 84 but not BGS activity was detected. To determine the stability of BGS activity on p 84, dried stains of semen on filter paper were kept at 4, 26, and 37°C for 8 months, 2 years and 1 month, respectively, and their BGS activities were examined. After 8 months at 4°C, over 60% of the original BGS activity was recovered from the stain. The activity could be detected even from a square as small as 0.25 by 0.25 cm. After 1 month at 37°C and 2 years at 26°C, 31 and 20% of the BGS activity, respectively, still remained. It could be detected from the pieces of 1.0 by 1.0 cm and 0.5 by 0.5 cm squares, kept for 1 month at 37°C and 2 years at 26°C, respectively. Finally, semen was mixed with saliva or blood at varying volumetric ratios and used for the sources of dried stains. The BGS activity of p 84 could be detected in the stains until the ratio between semen and saliva or blood reached 1:4. We conclude that this sandwich ELISA offers a more sensitive and specific method for determining the ABO blood type of semen samples obtained from sexual assault victims than existing methods, such as the conventional absorption-elution and classical hemagglutination-inhibition tests.
Gelatinase A in Human Dentin as a New Biochemical Marker for Age Estimation
Authors: Martín-de las Heras S , Valenzuela A , Overall CM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Dentin proteins from 24 individual permanent molars from patients aged 15 to 73 years were sequentially extracted, with guanidinium chloride (G1-extract) and then with EDTA; after demineralization, the material was again extracted with guanidinium chloride (G2-extract). Extracts were analyzed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and the gels were processed for zymography to detect gelatinolytic activities. The patterns of gelatinase A distribution differed in the different dentin protein fractions, and the changes varied with age. Significant differences were detected in gelatinase A in G2-extracts between individual younger than 20 years old and the rest of the sample (xexp2 ,429; 1 d.f.; p &lt; 0.001). The incidence of true and false positives and negatives, and sensitivity and specificity for the presence of gelatinase A in dentin extracts, were calculated. Determination of gelatinase A in human dentin may be a useful marker to estimate age, especially when other morphological methods are of limited usefulness.
Partial Sequencing of the Cytochrome Oxydase b Subunit Gene I: A Tool for the Identification of European Species of Blow Flies for Postmortem Interval Estimation
Authors: Vincent S , Vian JM , Carlotti MP 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The identification of insects found on a dead body can lead to the estimation of the time of death (postmortem interval). We report an updated version of an established method based on sequence analysis of PCR products from a region of the cytochrome b oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene of different members of the family Calliphoridae, by sequencing six European species: Lucilia sericata (Meigen), Lucilia caesar (Linné), Lucilia illustris (Meigen), Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvody), Calliphora vomitoria (Linné), Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-Desvody) and one Guianese species: Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius). This technique provided clear results when applied to the larvae and we also report the identification of empty puparia.
Minimum and Maximum Development Rates of Some Forensically Important Calliphoridae (Diptera)
Authors: Anderson GS 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Blow fly development rates are frequently used to estimate elapsed time since death in homicide investigations in the first few weeks after death. However, in order to make more precise estimates of time since death, accurate developmental data must be generated for all carrion species, and at temperatures that are comparable with those found at crime scenes. This paper presents developmental rates determined for five forensically important species in British Columbia, Phormia regina (Meigen), Phaenicia sericata (Meigen), Eucalliphora latifrons (Hough), Lucilia illustris (Meigen), and Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, at several temperatures.
Complications Following Insertion and Replacement of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) Tubes
Authors: Platt MS , Roe DC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube insertion was introduced in 1980 as an alternative to nasogastric tubes and surgically placed gastrostomy tubes. The procedure is indicated in those patients who have an inability to sustain adequate nutrition in the presence of a functioning gastrointestinal tract. We report four deaths that arose within a ten-week period in 1998.
Decomposition Patterns in Terrestrial and Intertidal Habitats on Oahu Island and Coconut Island, Hawaii
Authors: Davis JB , Goff ML 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Decomposition studies were conducted at two sites on the Island of Oahu, Hawaii, to compare patterns of decomposition and arthropod invasion in intertidal and adjacent terrestrial habitats. The animal model used was the domestic pig. One site was on Coconut Island in Kaneohe Bay on the northeast side of Oahu, and the second was conducted in an anchialine pool located at Barber's Point Naval Air Station on the southwest shore of Oahu. At both sites, the terrestrial animal decomposed in a manner similar to what has been observed in previous studies in terrestrial habitats on the island of Oahu. Rate of biomass depletion was slower in both intertidal studies, and decomposition was primarily due to tide and wave activity and bacterial decomposition. No permanent colonization of carcasses by insects was seen for the intertidal carcass at Coconut Island. At the anchialine pool at Barber's Point Naval Air Station, Diptera larvae were responsible for biomass removal until the carcass was reduced below the water line and, from that point on, bacterial action was the means of decomposition. Marine and terrestrial scavengers were present at both sites although their impact on decomposition was negligible. Five stages of decomposition were recognized for the intertidal sites: fresh, buoyant/floating, deterioration/disintegration, buoyant remains, and scattered skeletal.
Determining the State of the Deceased During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation from Tissue Distribution Patterns of Intubation-Related Lidocaine
Authors: Moriya F , Hashimoto Y 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether the concentrations of lidocaine, used for endotracheal intubation, in body fluids and tissues reflect the state of the circulation of the deceased during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The tissue distribution of lidocaine was investigated in seven individuals (Cases 1–7) who underwent medical treatment with endotracheal intubation using Xylocaine jelly (a 2% lidocaine hydrochloride preparation), before being pronounced dead. Six patients (Cases 1–6) had cardiopulmonary arrest on arrival at hospital.
In Cases 1–4, there was no restoration of heartbeat during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, systemic distribution of intubation-related lidocaine was observed and the kidney-to-liver ratios of lidocaine were less than 1. In Cases 5 and 6, the heartbeat resumed temporarily with cardiac massage, and a kidney-to-liver lidocaine ratio greater than 1 was observed. In Case 7, where the patient was comatose upon admission to hospital, the kidney-to-liver ratio of lidocaine was also greater than 1. These phenomena were substantiated in animal experiments.
Our results indicate that the absorption of tracheal lidocaine during the artificial circulation resulting from cardiopulmonary resuscitation results in a kidney to liver ratio of less than 1, whereas absorption during natural circulation gives a ratio greater than 1. The kidney-to-liver ratio of intubation-related lidocaine may give useful information on the state of a patient during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Postmortem Forensic Toxicology of Trazodone
Authors: Goeringer KE , Raymon L , Logan BK 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Trazodone is a popular antidepressant medication that has been available for approximately 30 years. It has a reputation as a safe drug with relatively few reported fatalities attributed solely to it. We review the pharmacology and forensic toxicology of trazodone and report toxicology and cause and manner of death in a series of 37 deaths in which trazodone was detected.
Although the normal upper therapeutic blood concentration for trazodone is about 2 mg/L, fatalities are rarely attributed solely to it at blood concentrations below 9 mg/L. Considering the pharmacology of the drug, potential interactions between other drugs with serotonin reuptake properties need to be considered, as does the increased susceptibility to the toxic effects in patients with pre-existing heart disease.
In the cases reviewed, none were attributed solely to trazodone, although trazodone was frequently present together with other serotonergic drugs, such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors like fluoxetine and sertraline. Ten cases had blood trazodone concentrations above 2 mg/L. Of these cases, trazodone played a primary role in the death of three subjects, with blood concentrations all greater than 9 mg/L.
We confirm the conclusions of others that trazodone is a relatively safe drug except in massive overdose, although its toxicity may be influenced by the presence of other drugs and underlying pathophysiology.