bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time Patterns of Adherence and Long-Term Virological Response to Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Regimens in the Stratall Anrs 12110/Esther Trial in Cameroon
Authors: Meresse Mégane , Carrieri Maria Patrizia , Laurent Christian , Kouanfack Charles , Protopopescu Camelia , Blanche Jérôme , Cohen Julien , Laborde-Balen Gabrièle , Aghokeng Avelin F , Spire Bruno , Moatti Jean-Paul , Delaporte Eric , Boyer Sylvie ,   the Stratall ANRS 12110/ESTHER Study Group
Published: January 2013

Background Although treatment adherence is a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, it is still unknown which longitudinal patterns of adherence are the most detrimental to long-term virological response to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) regimens. This analysis aimed to study the influence of different time patterns of adherence on virological failure after 24 months of treatment in Cameroon. Methods Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence data were collected using face-to-face questionnaires administered at months 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24. Virological failure was defined as viral load >40 copies/ml at month 18 and/or 24. Two combined indicators of early adherence (months 1, 3 and 6) and adherence during the maintenance phase (months 12, 18 and 24) were designed to classify patients as always adherent during the early or maintenance phase, non-adherent at least once and having interrupted ART for >2 days at least once at any visit during either of these two phases. Results Virological failure occurred in 107 (42%) of the 254 patients included in the analysis. In the early and maintenance phases, 84% and 76%, respectively, were always adherent, 5% and 5% were non-adherent and 11% and 20% experienced ≥1 treatment interruption. Early non-adherence was independently associated with virological failure (adjusted OR 7.2 [95% CI 1.5, 34.6]), while only treatment interruptions had a significant impact on virological failure during the maintenance phase (adjusted OR 2.1 [95% CI 1.1, 4.4]). Conclusions ART NNRTI-regimens used in sub-Saharan Africa seem to ‘forgive’ deviations from good adherence during the maintenance phase. Optimizing adherence in the early months of treatment remains crucial, especially in a setting of poor health care infrastructure and resources.
The Use of Aids for Teaching Language Components
Authors: Alduais Ahmed Mohammed 
Published: January 2013

Purpose: To present briefly the basic used phases when using aids to teach language components and also to outline the possible aids that could be used to support the teaching of each language component. Method: Related literature about the teaching of language components and use of aids were thoroughly consulted. On the basis of this, the study did not include any data-collection, investigated hypotheses, or whatever! It is just a descriptive study. Results: The descriptive discussion of the above raised issue indicated that three phases are to be minimally considered when using aids to teach the sound system component: discrimination and recognition, repletion and/or imitation, and free-production; three phases also for grammatical structures, namely: mechanical-drills, meaningful-exercises, and communicative exercises; and three also for vocabulary: form, meaning, and contextual usage and collocations. Besides, the major possible aids for teaching each language component were outlined and followed with the use of conventional labs, radio and TV¾for teaching language components. The last part introduced computer-assisted language learning CALL, its uses and the advantages of using it for teaching language components in particular and language skills in general. Conclusions: The use of aids whether they were conventional or modern is inexorably required so that language teachers can achieve what could have never been achieved through non-aid use teaching methods and/or strategies. Keywords: Language components, aids for teaching language components, , sound system, vocabulary, grammatical structures, computer-assisted language learning, aids-use teaching approach, non-aids-use teaching approach
Gender-based Failure to Infer Implicatures from Pre-TOEFL Listening
Authors: Hasan Arifuddin , Susanto Susanto 
Published: January 2013

Inferring conversational implicatures could be difficult for foreign language learners. Some studies show that English proficiency of Indonesian English students, teachers and lecturers are low. Unfortunately, none of the studies dealt with factors which determine the learners’ failures to interpret each type of implicature questions on the basis of gender. The present study aimed at exploring types of implicature question of aural short conversations in Pre-TOEFL failed to be answered correctly and their causes experienced by a) males b) females students of EEPUM. Data were collected through Part A Pre-TOEFL test, Inventory of Determining Factors of Failure, Interview Protocol, Recording and Note-taking and analysed with a cyclical qualitative analysis on the basis of Brown & Yules’s theory, Anderson’s model and Goh’s five factors affecting listening. Types of implicature questions failed to be answered correctly and their determining factors are shown. Key words: Inferring, Implicature, Proficiency, Gender, Failure.
Customer Perception Regarding Car Loans in Islamic and Conventional Banking
Authors: Hassan M. Taimoor , Ahmed Mehtab , Imran Muhammad , Naeem Azhar , Waheed Mudassir , Ahmed Shahbaz 
Published: January 2013

Purpose: To see the customer perception regarding car loans in Islamic and conventional banking. Methodologies: This study is based on primary data. These followed by only Bahawalpur corporate customers are taken as the sample research. Firstly the persons have been identified of the selected banks that are the financial affairs of those banks. When these people show their willingness then questionnaire has been filled by them and the required data has been collected. The statistical technique chi-square had been adapted for analysis the data. Findings: Total 120 questionnaires have been distributed among different banks and out of which 104 were get completed and returned. Peoples prefer conventional banks for car loans as compared to Islamic banks. Key Words: Islamic Banking, Corporate Customer, Car Financing.
Les descendants d’immigrés en couple mixte au prisme de l’enquête « Trajectoires et Origines »
Authors: Collet Beate , Santelli Emmanuelle 
Published: January 2013

Cet article décrit l’option conjugale « mixte » des descendants d’immigrés d’origine maghrébine, sahélienne et turque en France. Il articule les facteurs culturels et sociaux contribuant au choix conjugal. L’enquête Trajectoires et Origines (INED-INSEE, 2008) fournit des résultats statistiques concernant les options conjugales (couples endogames ou mixtes) et permet de les confronter aux couples entre Français sans ascendance migratoire. Les « couples mixtes » se démarquent des couples endogames et aussi des couples témoins. Tandis que pour leur mise en couple (lieux de rencontres, cohabitation hors mariage) ils correspondent au groupe témoin, ils ressemblent plus aux couples endogames en ce qui concerne leur situation résidentielle et leur inscription religieuse.
The cytochrome P450 complement (CYPome) of Mycosphaerella graminicola
Authors: Newsome Alun W. , Nelson David , Corran Andrew , Kelly Steven L. , Kelly Diane E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMycosphaerella graminicola is a key fungal pathogen of wheat and a major target for azole fungicides, many of whose central mode of action is through inhibition of cytochrome P450 51 (lanosterol 14α‐demethylase) in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway. The range of activities of other fungal CYPs is thought to be a reflection of the differences between different organisms and their range of secondary metabolic pathways as a response to their niche environments, for example, in the production of mycotoxins. The present study collates information from a range of databases, to classify the CYPs found in M. graminicola and assign them an internationally recognized nomenclature, which, when referenced to the recent publication of the JGI version 2.0 genome model, creates a current, robust model for the CYP complement (CYPome) of M. graminicola. These CYPome data, which examined 82 CYPs and one pseudo‐gene, may be utilized not only to further characterize and describe the physiology of the organism but also to enhance our understanding of CYP function and diversity.
Synthesis and characterization of vinyl‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes based molecular imprinted polymer for the separation of chlorpyrifos from aqueous solutions
Authors: Anirudhan Thayyath S. , Alexander Sheeba 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe present study reports the functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with vinyl groups through nitric acid oxidation along with reaction with allylamine. MWCNTs based imprinted polymer (MWCNT‐MIP) were synthesized by means of methacrylic acid (MAA) as the monomer, trimethylol propane trimethacrylate (TRIM) as the cross linker, α, αʹ‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator and chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphate pesticide molecule as the template.ResultsThe prepared material was characterized by means of FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis. The competence of MWCNT‐MIP to adsorb CPF from aqueous solutions was calculated. The maximum adsorption was found to be at pH 7.0 and adsorption capability attained saturation in 3 h. The kinetic information was found to follow pseudo‐second‐order model, indicating chemisorption. The strong conformity of equilibrium data with the Langmuir isotherm model confirms the monolayer coverage of CPF on the MWCNT‐MIP surface. The maximum adsorption ability based on the Langmuir isotherm model was found to be 38.14 mg g−1 at 30°C. The spent adsorbent was successfully regenerated by means of 0.1 mol L−1 CH3COOH.ConclusionAnalysis revealed that MWCNT‐MIP could be a useful substance for the removal of CPF from aqueous solutions. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
PV demand and supply in China
Authors: Li H. L. , Chen D. P. , Zhao L. , Zhou Ch. L. , Liu Zh. G. , Wang W. J. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThere is a large gap between photovoltaic (PV) demand and PV supply in China. For a long time, more than 90% of the PV cells were exported to other countries, mainly to European and US region. But in 2012, US government decided to impose high tariffs on solar modules from China, then European Commission will announce their tariffs in 2013. In this context, we discussed the question on how the supply in China will be driven by demand in the following years by analyzing the driving forces for domestic demand in past 10 years, the structure and status of PV supply chain in China, and the future domestic demand to 2020. The point made by this study is that about half of current capacity in China will survive to next wave of strong demand. But the premise is that Chinese government should make more efforts to clear technical and nontechnical barriers for grid connection. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perioperative Nursing Care of the Patient Undergoing Bariatric Revision Surgery
Authors: Neil Janice A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObesity has become a major health concern in the United States. The number of patients seeking bariatric surgery has grown exponentially in recent years because of the proven success of weight‐loss surgery, greater public acceptance, and the increasing number of insurers who will pay for these surgeries. Patients may seek bariatric revision procedures if the primary procedure does not achieve the desired results, if he or she gains back the weight lost after the primary procedure, if the comorbid conditions associated with obesity were not resolved, or if severe adverse effects and complications have occurred as a result of the primary bariatric procedure. Perioperative nurses must be knowledgeable about how to care for bariatric surgery patients with skill and compassion.
Implementing a Bariatric Surgery Program
Authors: Ide Patricia , Fitzgerald‐O'Shea Claire , Lautz David B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe number of people who are obese or morbidly obese is increasing in the United States. Currently, the most effective means of losing a substantial amount of weight and maintaining the weight loss is bariatric surgery, and health care providers, especially those in surgical services, must be able to safely care for patients undergoing these surgeries. Financial implications of starting a bariatric surgery program and the ongoing costs must be fully understood and supported by both administrators and employees. Special equipment and supplies are needed to handle the higher weight of bariatric patients, and careful planning is required for adequate medical and nursing expertise, staffing, equipment, supplies, facility resources, and patient support services.
Global Genomic Arrangement of Bacterial Genes Is Closely Tied with the Total Transcriptional Efficiency
Authors: Ma Qin , Xu Ying 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The availability of a large number of sequenced bacterial genomes allows researchers not only to derive functional and regulation information about specific organisms but also to study the fundamental properties of the organization of a genome. Here we address an important and challenging question regarding the global arrangement of operons in a bacterial genome: why operons in a bacterial genome are arranged in the way they are. We have previously studied this question and found that operons of more frequently activated pathways tend to be more clustered together in a genome. Specifically, we have developed a simple sequential distance-based pseudo energy function and found that the arrangement of operons in a bacterial genome tend to minimize the clusteredness function (C value) in comparison with artificially-generated alternatives, for a variety of bacterial genomes. Here we extend our previous work, and report a number of new observations: (a) operons of the same pathways tend to group into a few clusters rather than one; and (b) the global arrangement of these operon clusters tend to minimize a new “energy” function (C+ value) that reflects the efficiency of the transcriptional activation of the encoded pathways. These observations provide insights into further study of the genomic organization of genes in bacteria.
Medizinische Versorgungszentren – eine Idee setzt sich durch
Authors: Amelung Volker E. , Wolf Sascha 
Published: January 2013

Einleitung
Kaum eine andere neue Versorgungsform hat bei Ihrer Einführung so sehr polarisiert wie Medizinische Versorgungszentren (MVZ). Doch die Befürchtungen der Kritiker haben sich als unbegründet erwiesen. Weder die Verdrängung gewachsener Praxisstrukturen durch finanzstarke Konzerne noch die bewusste Mengenausweitung im stationären Bereich durch klinikbetriebene Einrichtungen ist erfolgt. Stattdessen haben MVZ einen evolutorischen Prozess angestoßen und leisten einen Beitrag zur Vermeidung von Unterversorgung und befördern integrierte Therapieabläufe.
Regional variation in the terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene radiocarbon record of eastern North America
Authors: Miller D. Shane , Gingerich Joseph A.M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this paper we use radiocarbon dates to evaluate the signature of the Younger Dryas Chronozone (YDC) in eastern North America. Using an approach that examines radiocarbon dates by region, we argue that the northeastern United States shows a better overall representation of radiocarbon dates when compared to the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast. These data result in a peak in summed probability distributions during the YDC, which is often interpreted as evidence of population growth. Further examination of these distributions, however, illustrates that differential standard deviations, varying sample size, and the effect of taphonomic and research biases likely overwhelm any demographic signatures in our study sample. Consequently, the frequency of radiocarbon dates by itself is insufficient for understanding the relationship between climate, culture and demography in eastern North America.
mRNAStab—a web application for mRNA stability analysis
Authors: Alic Andrei , Pérez-Ortín José E. , Moreno Joaquín , Arnau Vicente 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated both at the transcription and the mRNA degradation levels. The implementation of functional genomics methods that allow the simultaneous measurement of transcription (TR) and degradation (DR) rates for thousands of mRNAs is a huge improvement in this field. One of the best established methods for mRNA stability determination is genomic run-on (GRO). It allows the measurement of DR, TR and mRNA levels during cell dynamic responses. Here, we offer a software package that provides improved algorithms for determination of mRNA stability during dynamic GRO experiments.
Availability and implementation: The program mRNAStab is freely accessible at http://mRNAStab.uv.es/. mRNAStab is written in C, PHP and R.
Contact: vicente.arnau@uv.es
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Military Anesthesia Trainees in WWII at the University of Wisconsin
Authors: Parks Colby L. , Schroeder Mark E. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The emerging medical specialty of anesthesiology experienced significant advances in the decade prior to World War II but had limited numbers of formally trained practitioners. With war looming, a subcommittee of the National Research Council, chaired by Ralph M. Waters, MD., was charged with ensuring sufficient numbers of anesthesiologists for military service. A 12-week course was developed to train military physicians at academic institutions across the country, including the Wisconsin General Hospital. A total of 17 officers were trained in Madison between September 1942 and December 1943. Notably, Virgil K. Stoelting, the future chair of anesthesiology at Indiana University, was a member of this group.
A rigorous schedule of study and clinical work ensured the officers learned to administer anesthesia safely while using a variety of techniques. Their leadership and contributions in the military and after the war contributed significantly to the further growth of anesthesiology.
A Robust and Sensitive Synthetic Sensor to Monitor the Transcriptional Output of the Cytokinin Signaling Network in Planta
Authors: Zürcher Evelyne , Tavor-Deslex Deborah , Lituiev Dmytro , Enkerli Katalin , Tarr Paul T. , Müller Bruno 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Cytokinins are classic plant hormones that orchestrate plant growth, development, and physiology. They affect gene expression in target cells by activating a multistep phosphorelay network. Type-B response regulators, acting as transcriptional activators, mediate the final step in the signaling cascade. Previously, we have introduced a synthetic reporter, Two Component signaling Sensor (TCS)::green fluorescent protein (GFP), which reflects the transcriptional activity of type-B response regulators. TCS::GFP was instrumental in uncovering roles of cytokinin and deepening our understanding of existing functions. However, TCS-mediated expression of reporters is weak in some developmental contexts where cytokinin signaling has a documented role, such as in the shoot apical meristem or in the vasculature of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We also observed that GFP expression becomes rapidly silenced in TCS::GFP transgenic plants. Here, we present an improved version of the reporter, TCS new (TCSn), which, compared with TCS, is more sensitive to phosphorelay signaling in Arabidopsis and maize (Zea mays) cellular assays while retaining its specificity. Transgenic Arabidopsis TCSn::GFP plants exhibit strong and dynamic GFP expression patterns consistent with known cytokinin functions. In addition, GFP expression has been stable over generations, allowing for crosses with different genetic backgrounds. Thus, TCSn represents a significant improvement to report the transcriptional output profile of phosphorelay signaling networks in Arabidopsis, maize, and likely other plants that display common response regulator DNA-binding specificities.
Excess nutrient supply in early life and its later metabolic consequences
Authors: Ojha Shalini , Saroha Vivek , Symonds Michael E. , Budge Helen 
Published: January 2013

Summary

Suboptimal nutrition in early life, both in utero and during infancy, is linked to increased risk of adult obesity and its associated adverse metabolic health problems.

Excess nutrient supply during early life can lead to metabolic programming in the offspring. Such overnutrition can occur in the offspring of obese mothers, the offspring of mothers who gain excess weight during gestation, infants of diabetic mothers and infants who undergo rapid growth, particularly weight gain, during early infancy. Postnatal overnutrition is particularly detrimental for infants who are born small for gestational age, who are overfed to attain ‘catch‐up growth’.

Potential mechanisms underlying metabolic programming that results from excess nutrition during early life include resetting of hypothalamic energy sensing and appetite regulation, altered adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and impaired brown adipose tissue function.

More detailed understanding of the mechanisms involved in metabolic programming could enable the development of therapeutic strategies for ameliorating its ill effects. Research in this field could potentially identify optimal and appropriate preventative interventions for a burgeoning population at risk of increased mortality and morbidity from obesity and its concomitant metabolic conditions.
Childhood catatonia, autism and psychosis past and present: is there an ‘iron triangle’?
Authors: Shorter E. , Wachtel L. E. 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo explore the possibility that autism, catatonia and psychoses in children are different manifestations of a single underlying form of brain pathology – a kind of ‘Iron Triangle’ of symptomatology – rather than three separate illnesses.MethodSystematic evaluation of historical case literature on autism to determine if catatonic and psychotic symptoms accompanied the diagnosis, as is found in some challenging present‐day cases.ResultsIt is clear from the historical literature that by the 1920s all three diagnoses in the Iron Triangle – catatonia, autism and childhood schizophrenia – were being routinely applied to children and adolescents. Furthermore, it is apparent that children diagnosed with one of these conditions often qualified for the other two as well. Although conventional thinking today regards these diagnoses as separate entities, the presence of catatonia in a variety of conditions is being increasingly recognized, and there is also growing evidence of connections between childhood‐onset psychoses and autism.ConclusionRecognition of a mixed form of catatonia, autism and psychosis has important implications for both diagnosis and treatment. None of the separate diagnoses provides an accurate picture in these complex cases, and when given single diagnoses such as ‘schizophrenia’, the standard treatment options may prove markedly ineffective.