bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desert small mammal responses to wildfire and predation in the aftermath of a La Nińa driven resource pulse
Authors: Letnic Mike , Tischler Max , Gordon Christopher 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn arid Australia, flooding rains associated with the La Nińa phase of El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prompt dramatic pulses of primary productivity, which in turn result in irruptions of rodents and their predators. When it is dry, the dense vegetation produced by extreme rainfall events can fuel extensive wildfires. In this study we investigated the effects of a wildfire that followed exceptional rainfalls associated with the La Niña event of 2010–2011 on small mammal assemblages in a stony (gibber) desert ecosystem in central Australia. When the study commenced in July 2011, there was dense grass cover and rodents, particularly, Rattus villosissimus occurred at high abundance. Mammalian predator activity was high throughout the study period and predators primarily consumed rodents. A wildfire in October 2011, reduced grass cover but there was no effect of fire on the abundance or species richness of small mammals, immediately after the wildfire or 11 months after the wildfire. Following the fire event, grass cover increased on both burnt and unburnt grids, but did not reach the levels recorded prior to the wildfire. Small mammal abundance and species richness declined steadily during the study irrespective of the occurrence of wildfire. At 6 and 11 months after the wildfire there was no difference in grass cover on burnt and unburnt grids and Rattus villosissimus were absent. Our results show that the removal of vegetation by wildfire was not a major driver of small mammal assemblage structure in this stony desert ecosystem. Our results are consistent with the predictions of ecosystem organization models that describe switching trophic control along gradients of resource productivity and support the notion that the decline of small mammals was driven by the onset of top‐down control by abundant predators coupled with diminished availability of food resources.
From Politicization to Policing: The Rise and Decline of New Social Movements in Amsterdam and Paris
Authors: Uitermark Justus , Nicholls Walter 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper analyzes the rise and decline of social movements in Amsterdam and Paris, focusing in particular on the organizations of left‐wing immigrant workers. These organizations performed crucial roles for new social movements in the 1970s and 1980s but were isolated and coopted in the 1990s and early 2000s. To explain why this is so, we engage in a dialogue with Jacques Rancière and develop an understanding of cities as strategic sites for both politicization and policing. Cities serve as sites of politicization because they are incubators of the relational conduits that enable activists from different sectors to engage with one another's struggles and look beyond narrow temporal and spatial horizons. However, cities also serve as sites of policing because authorities constantly attempt to reconfigure governmental arrangements in such a way that civil society serves as an extension of the government and comes to fulfill an instrumental role in the development and implementation of policy. Just as politicizing implies the widening of temporal and spatial horizons, policing implies the narrowing of such horizons. The analysis shows the social movements of the 1960s lost steam in two of the major hubs of the new left and reveals some of the more universal mechanisms through which cities generate or quell dissent.
Using Google Drive to facilitate a blended approach to authentic learning
Authors: Rowe Michael , Bozalek Vivienne , Frantz Jose 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWhile technology has the potential to create opportunities for transformative learning in higher education, it is often used to merely reinforce didactic teaching that aims to control access to expert knowledge. Instead, educators should consider using technology to enhance communication and provide richer, more meaningful platforms for the social construction of knowledge. By using technology to engage in shared learning experiences that extend beyond the walls of the classroom, we can create opportunities to develop the patterns of thinking that students need to participate in complex, real world situations. We used authentic learning as a framework to guide the implementation of a case‐based, blended module in a South African physiotherapy department. Google Drive was used as a collaborative online authoring environment in which small groups of students used clinical cases to create their own content, guided by a team of facilitators. This paper describes an innovative approach to clinical education using authentic learning as a guiding framework, and Google Drive as an implementation platform. We believe that this approach led to the transformation of student learning practices, altered power relationships in the classroom and facilitated the development of critical attitudes towards knowledge and authority.
A selective antagonist of histamine H4 receptors prevents antigen‐induced airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs: involvement of lipocortin‐1
Authors: Somma T , Cinci L , Formicola G , Pini A , Thurmond R , Ennis M , Bani D , Masini E 
Published: June 2013

Background and PurposeAmong the pathogenic mechanisms of asthma, a role for oxidative/nitrosative stress has been well documented. Recent evidence suggests that histamine H4 receptors play a modulatory role in allergic inflammation. Here we report the effects of compound JNJ 7777120 (JNJ), a selective H4 receptor antagonist, on antigen‐induced airway inflammation, paying special attention to its effects on lipocortin‐1 (LC‐1/annexin‐A1), a 37 kDA anti‐inflammatory protein that plays a key role in the production of inflammatory mediators.Experimental ApproachOvalbumin (OA)‐sensitized guinea pigs placed in a respiratory chamber were challenged with antigen. JNJ (5, 7.5 and 10 mg·kg−1) was given i.p. for 4 days before antigen challenge. Respiratory parameters were recorded. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected and lung specimens taken for further analyses 1 h after antigen challenge. In BAL fluid, levels of LC‐1, PGD2, LTB4 and TNF‐α were measured. In lung tissue samples, myeloperoxidase, caspase‐3 and Mn‐superoxide dismutase activities and 8‐hydroxy‐2‐deoxyguanosine levels were measured.Key ResultsOA challenge decreased LC‐1 levels in BAL fluid, induced cough, dyspnoea and bronchoconstriction and increased PGD2, LTB4 and TNF‐α levels in lung tissue. Treatment with JNJ dose‐dependently increased levels of LC‐1, reduced respiratory abnormalities and lowered levels of PGD2, LTB4 and TNF‐α in BAL fluid.Conclusions and ImplicationsAntigen‐induced asthma‐like reactions in guinea pigs decreased levels of LC‐1 and increased TNF‐α and eicosanoid production. JNJ pretreatment reduced allergic asthmatic responses and airway inflammation, an effect associated with LC‐1 up‐regulation.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on Histamine Pharmacology Update. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/
10.1111/bph.2013.170.issue‐1
Early parental physical punishment and emotional and behavioural outcomes in preschool children
Authors: Scott S. , Lewsey J. , Thompson L. , Wilson P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether there is an association between being smacked by your main caregiver in the first two years and emotional and behavioural problems at age four.MethodsDesign: Secondary analysis of data from the Growing Up in Scotland Prospective Study (GUS). Setting: Scotland, UK. Participants: GUS birth cohort children, whose main caregiver had no concerns about their behaviour at 22 months. Exposure: Ever smacked by main caregiver in first 22 months, as measured by caregiver self‐report at 22 months. Main Outcome: Emotional and behavioural problems as measured by parental assessment and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at 46 months.ResultsPreschool children exposed to main caregiver smacking in the first two years were twice as likely to have emotional and behavioural problems as measured by parental assessment [odds ratio (OR) 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9–3.2; absolute risk reduction (ARR) 17.8%, 95% CI 12.1–23.5] and SDQ (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.7–3.7; ARR 7.5%, 95% CI 3.7–11.5), as children never smacked by their main caregiver. The association remained significant after adjusting for child age and sex, caregiver age, sex, ethnicity, educational attainment and mental health status, sibling number, structural family transitions and socioeconomic status (adj. OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.8–3.2 for parental assessment and adj. OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4–3.5 for SDQ).ConclusionsParental use of physical punishment in the first two years may be a modifiable risk factor for emotional and behavioural difficulties in preschool children.
Parents of children with physical disabilities – perceived health in parents related to the child's sleep problems and need for attention at night
Authors: Mörelius E. , Hemmingsson H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundApproximately half of all children with moderate to severe physical disabilities have persistent sleep problems and many of these children need parental attention at night.AimTo study whether sleep problems and need for night‐time attention among children with physical disabilities are associated with perceived parental health, headache, psychological exhaustion, pain due to heavy lifting, night‐time wakefulness and disrupted sleep.MethodsWe asked parents of 377 children with physical disabilities aged 1–16 years to complete a questionnaire about their own health. The children all lived at home with both parents.ResultsBoth parents reported poor health, psychological exhaustion, more night‐time wakefulness and disrupted sleep when the child had sleep problems (P < 0.05). Mothers also reported more headache when the child had sleep problems (P = 0.001). Both parents reported more night‐time wakefulness and disrupted sleep when the child needed night‐time attention (P < 0.01). In general, mothers reported significantly poorer health, more night‐time wakefulness, disrupted sleep, headache and psychological exhaustion than fathers (P < 0.001).ConclusionsSleep problems need to be acknowledged within the paediatric setting in order to prevent psychological exhaustion and poor health in mothers and fathers of children with physical disabilities.
Prognosis of implants and abutment teeth under combined tooth‐implant‐supported and solely implant‐supported double‐crown‐retained removable dental prostheses
Authors: Rammelsberg Peter , Bernhart Gunda , Lorenzo Bermejo Justo , Schmitter Marc , Schwarz Stefanie 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveObjective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of complications in dental implants and abutment teeth used for combined tooth‐implant‐ and solely implant‐supported double crown‐retained removable dental prostheses (RDPs).Material and methodsPatients were selected from a prospective clinical study. Seventy‐three RDPs retained by 234 implants and 107 abutment teeth were placed in 39 men and 22 women with a mean age of 65 years. Forty‐five RDPs were located in the maxilla and 28 in the mandible. Thirty‐four RDPs were solely implant‐supported and 39 were combined tooth‐implant‐supported. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to estimate success defined as survival without severe abutment‐related complications, and Cox regression was used to isolate the most relevant prognostic risk factors.ResultsAfter a median observation period of 2.7 years for the RDPs, six implants failed and eleven implants were diagnosed with peri‐implantitis. Four abutment teeth were extracted, and three abutment teeth showed severe complications requiring extended interventions. For both abutment teeth and implants, Kaplan–Meier analyses revealed a 5‐year probability of success of 85% for solely implant‐supported RDPs and 92% for combined tooth‐implant‐supported RDPs. Multiple Cox regression identified RDP location (P = 0.01), age (P = 0.01), and gender (P = 0.04) as prognostic risk factors for severe implant‐related complications. Solely implant‐supported RPDs showed a poorer prognosis, but the risk difference did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsPreliminary data suggest that the combination of teeth and implants to support double crown‐retained RDPs may result in a prognostic advantage. The present findings should be validated in independent studies.
Phospho‐Rb (Ser780) as a biomarker in patients with cervical lymph node metastases from an unknown primary tumour: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Park G.C. , Lee M. , Roh J.‐L. , Choi S.‐H. , Nam S.Y. , Kim S.Y. , Cho K.‐J. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesCervical lymph node metastases from an unknown primary tumour are a heterogeneous disease entity with various clinical features. There are many controversies regarding treatment methods and treatment response predictions. Therefore, we examined the prognostic significance of biomarkers in patients with cervical metastasis of unknown primary tumour.DesignA molecular study of retrospective cohorts.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.Main outcome measuresMetastatic cervical lymph nodes of 36 patients with cervical unknown primary metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma were assessed by in situ hybridisation for human papillomavirus and immunohistochemistry for p16, retinoblastoma protein (phospho‐Ser780), hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α, glucose transporter 1 and carbonic anhydrase 9 expression. Clinicopathological factors and biomarkers were analysed for their associations with disease‐free survival and overall survival.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed that nodal extracapsular spread was associated with poor overall survival (P = 0.049), nodal‐positive retinoblastoma protein staining were significantly associated with poor outcomes of both disease‐free survival (P = 0.035) and overall survival (P = 0.019), Multivariate analysis revealed that nodal positivity of retinoblastoma protein and nodal extracapsular spread were the significant predictors of overall survival (P = 0.049, hazard ratio = 6.21, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–38.35 and P = 0.037, hazard ratio = 4.34, 95% confidence interval = 1.09–17.21, respectively).ConclusionThe retinoblastoma protein expression of metastatic lymph nodes represents an independent prognostic indicator in patients with cervical metastasis of unknown primary tumour.
Assessment of the reproducibility of the indirect ultrasound method of measuring diaphragm mobility
Authors: Grams Samantha T. , von Saltiél Rossana , Mayer Anamaria F. , Schivinski Camila I. S. , de S. Nobre Luiz Felipe , Nóbrega Isadora S. , Jacomino Maria Eduarda M. L. P. , Paulin Elaine 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility of the ultrasound (US) measurement of craniocaudal displacement of the left branch of the portal vein as an indirect method of measuring right hemidiaphragm mobility in healthy young adults. Forty‐one healthy participants were selected, ranging from 20 to 30 years of age. The US tests were conducted and interpreted by two observers (A and B) on two separate occasions (Test 1 and Test 2). Intra‐observer and interobserver reproducibility and repeatability of US measurements were determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC[2,1]) using a 95% confidence interval (CI). Interobserver reproducibility assessment showed ‘high correlation’ for Test 1 and Test 2 (ICC[2,1] = 0·83, 95% CI = 0·70–0·91, and ICC[2,1] = 0·79, 95% CI = 0·61–0·89, respectively). Intra‐observer reproducibility assessment showed ‘moderate correlation’ for observer A (ICC[2,1] = 0·69, 95% CI = 0·45–0·84) and for observer B (ICC[2,1] = 0·65, 95% CI = 0·39–0·81). Repeatability assessment showed ‘high correlation’ for all tests performed (ICC[2,1] = 0·86, 0·80, 0·74, 0·79, P<0·001). In conclusion, US measurement of craniocaudal displacement of the left branch of the portal vein is a reproducible method of measuring right hemidiaphragm mobility in healthy young adults.
A case series of CAEBV of children and young adults treated with reduced‐intensity conditioning and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a single‐center study
Authors: Watanabe Yuko , Sasahara Yoji , Satoh Miki , Looi Chung Yeng , Katayama Saori , Suzuki Tasuku , Suzuki Nobu , Ouchi Meri , Horino Satoshi , Moriya Kunihiko , Nanjyo Yuka , Onuma Masaei , Kitazawa Hiroshi , Irie Masahiro , Niizuma Hidetaka , Uchiyama Toru , Rikiishi Takeshi , Kumaki Satoru , Minegishi Masayoshi , Wada Taizo , Yachie Akihiro , Tsuchiya Shigeru , Kure Shigeo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundEpstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐infected T or NK cells cause chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is curative treatment for CAEBV patients. However, chemotherapy prior to HSCT and optimal conditioning regimen for allogeneic HSCT are still controversial.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed five patients with CAEBV treated with reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) consisted of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and low‐dose total‐body irradiation followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a single institute. Only one of five patients received chemotherapy prior to transplantation. We analyzed EBV‐infected cells in a patient whose EBV load increased after HSCT by T‐cell repertoire assay, separation of T‐cell subpopulations, in situ hybridization and microsatellite analysis.ResultsAll five patients achieved engraftment, complete chimera, and eradication of EBV load. All patients have been alive without any serious regimen‐related toxicity for more than 16 months following HSCT. However, one patient transplanted from HLA‐matched sibling donor developed clonal proliferation of CD4+ Vβ3+ T cells caused by monoclonal EBV infection on day 99 after transplantation. Further analysis revealed that the CD4+ Vβ3+ T cells selectively harbored EBV genome, and these infected cells were derived from donor T cells.ConclusionsAllogeneic HSCT with RIC is a safe and effective treatment for better overall survival and less regimen‐related toxicity in patients with CAEBV. Our first pediatric case reported in the literature suggests that we should consider the possibility of persistent EBV infection in donor T cells as well as the relapse in recipient cells if EBV load increases after allogeneic HSCT.
An integrator circuit in cerebellar cortex
Authors: Maex Reinoud , Steuber Volker 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe brain builds dynamic models of the body and the outside world to predict the consequences of actions and stimuli. A well‐known example is the oculomotor integrator, which anticipates the position‐dependent elasticity forces acting on the eye ball by mathematically integrating over time oculomotor velocity commands. Many models of neural integration have been proposed, based on feedback excitation, lateral inhibition or intrinsic neuronal nonlinearities. We report here that a computational model of the cerebellar cortex, a structure thought to implement dynamic models, reveals a hitherto unrecognized integrator circuit. In this model, comprising Purkinje cells, molecular layer interneurons and parallel fibres, Purkinje cells were able to generate responses lasting more than 10 s, to which both neuronal and network mechanisms contributed. Activation of the somatic fast sodium current by subthreshold voltage fluctuations was able to maintain pulse‐evoked graded persistent activity, whereas lateral inhibition among Purkinje cells via recurrent axon collaterals further prolonged the responses to step and sine wave stimulation. The responses of Purkinje cells decayed with a time‐constant whose value depended on their baseline spike rate, with integration vanishing at low (< 1 per s) and high rates (> 30 per s). The model predicts that the apparently fast circuit of the cerebellar cortex may control the timing of slow processes without having to rely on sensory feedback. Thus, the cerebellar cortex may contain an adaptive temporal integrator, with the sensitivity of integration to the baseline spike rate offering a potential mechanism of plasticity of the response time‐constant.
An experimental study of ontogenetic and seasonal changes in the temperature preferences of unfed and fed brown trout,Salmo trutta
Authors: Elliott J. Malcolm , Allonby J. Derek 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThis study tests the hypothesis that the temperature preferences of brown trout,Salmo trutta, vary in relation to: (i) their mass and hence their age (0+, 1+, 2+, 3+); (ii) the season (spring, summer, autumn) and hence the acclimation temperature; and (iii) whether or not the fish are fed. The experiments were performed in still water in a 3‐m‐long artificial channel (water depth, 0.28 m). There was a temperature gradient from 25 to 0 °C along the channel.Experiments were for 0+ trout inMay and for 0+, 1+, 2+ and 3+ trout inAugust andNovember. In each month, five trout of the same age were not fed for 2 days, and then one fish was placed in the section at noon and left for 24‐h habituation. The next day, starting at noon, the position of the fish was noted every 2 h over 24 h, and the temperature at this position was measured (n = 13 readings). This procedure was repeated for each of the five fish (n = 65 readings for trout of the same age in each month) and then with five continuously fed trout of the same age as the unfed trout.For all trout, there was a diel variation in recorded temperatures at the observed positions with the lowest values in the day and the highest at night. This diel variation was slight for 0+ trout, but more marked for older trout, especially 2+ and 3+ fish. The overall mean preferred temperature decreased markedly with trout mass and age from 16.3 °C for 0+ unfed fish to 12.0 °C for 3+ unfed fish and from 14.5 °C for 0+ fed fish to 9.5 °C for 3+ fed fish. The mean preferred temperature was always lower for fed trout than for unfed trout.There was also an ontogenetic increase in the variation in individual temperature preferences around the mean value for both unfed and fed trout (CV% increased with fish mass and age). Neither the season (spring, summer, autumn) nor the acclimation temperature had any obvious effect on the mean preferred temperature.Therefore, the temperature preferences of brown trout were not constant but varied ontogenetically and whether or not the fish were fed. It is concluded from comparisons with earlier studies that the temperature preferences for fed juveniles (0+, 1+) were similar to their optimum temperature for growth rate, whereas the lower values for older fed trout were similar to their temperature for maximum conversion efficiency of energy intake to growth, thereby optimising growth efficiency rather than growth rate.