bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SERUM CHOLINE ESTERASE IN BARBITURATE ADDICTION AND EPILEPSY
Authors: Schütz F. 
Published: December 2014

1. The previously described decrease of serum choline esterase after prolonged administration of barbiturates in man was studied in epileptics after sudden withdrawal of the drug. The number of seizures then rises sharply to a maximum, while the choline esterase is still at a low level.2. The seizures become less frequent again when the choline esterase starts to rise, and usually disappear completely when the choline esterase has just reached what proves to be, in the particular individual, its highest level.3. When the drug is given, the choline esterase decreases to a minimum in about three weeks, whereas the number of seizures is minimal in a few days.4. A time sequence of the abstinence symptoms was noted, the withdrawal psychosis appearing first and wearing off when the grand mals were at their peak, whereas the latter preceded the maximal frequency of petit mal seizures.5. In an unselected group of cryptogenic (idiopathic) epileptics, when under no treatment for some time, a slightly higher average value of serum choline esterase was found than the normal average, the difference being statistically not significant. In some of the epileptics, however, much higher values were found than were ever found in normals. The possible existence of one group of epileptics, characterised by a high choline esterase, is discussed.6. After the withdrawal of the drug the narcotic effect seems to wear off more rapidly than the choline esterase increases. Thus the cholinergic system, free from narcotic and probably at a high level of activity, is left with an inadequate amount of choline esterase. This discrepancy probably accounts for the abstinence symptoms.7. Because of the relative lack of choline esterase during the period of abstinence symptoms, excessive cholinergic activity is assumed to exist. A number of indications for this are found, and its possible rôle in the production of seizures is discussed. Some diverse features, such as the peak incidence of seizures during the night, the precipitating action of alcohol in epilepsy, and some features in the electro‐encephalograms, become more understandable from this viewpoint.I am greatly indebted to Professor P. C. Cloake for his interest and helpful encouragement in this investigation. I am also very grateful to Dr. J. J. O'Reilly, Medical Superintendent of the Birrningham City Mental Hospital, Winson Green, for providing me with the necessary material from the patients under his care, for altering within limits of safety the treatment given to a number of them as this appeared important for these experiments, and for his kind help. I am also grateful to G. Hoyle and D. Marshall for valuable technical assistance.
ON THE METABOLISM OF HISTAMINE
Authors: Alexander Frank 
Published: December 2014

The skin of the mice was found to contain more than 60 per cent. of all the histamine in the body.A large dose of histamine was cleared partly by excretion and partly by some other mechanism. Excretion occurred through the kidney, and only whilst a high concentration was present in the body. The whole of a large dose was removed within twenty‐four hours of administration.
Investigating and Modeling the Correlation of Pressurization and Electron Acceleration Inside a Micro Arc-Jet Thruster
Authors: Groll Rodion , Gomez Juan E. 
Published: December 2014

Fuel mass is one of the main economical and technical restrictions while designing space propulsion systems. Given the high costs related to the transport of mass into space, the necessary fuel mass for accomplishment of the mission should be minimized. For an optimum thrust/fuel consumption ratio the gas exit velocity must be maximized. In this research this is achieved through the heating of the micro gas flow by an electrical arc inside the sub-sonic region of the propulsion system. The electrical arc induces a partial ionization of the propellant gas. Because of the very low mass flow the gap of the plasma channel has a width of just a few hundred microns. The electrical arc consists of electrons being accelerated through this small gap by the charged walls of the microchannel. The electrons move in a cross flow compared to the propellant gas.
In order to study this approach an experimental rig is built up inside a vacuum chamber. The relation between electrical power and mechanical pressurization is investigated experimentally. The won data are compared with computational results of the electrodynamic behavior inside the micro gap. The computational model consists of the coupling of the micro gas flow in the trans-sonic thruster application (e.g. [1]) with the heating mechanism of the electron motion including the partial ionization of the subsonic flow of the electric propulsion system.
The computational results are validated with the experimental data. Through this investigation a very efficient form of electrodynamic heating-modeling is developed. The very good results show the quality of the present method and encourage further utilization and development. For this reason this model will be used for the optimization and the computational engineering pre-development of future thermo-electric propulsion systems.
High reproducibility of adenosine stress cardiac MR myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lawson Mark A , Bell Susan P , Adkisson Douglas W , Wang Li , Ooi Henry , Sawyer Douglas B , Kronenberg Marvin W 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the reproducibility of first-pass contrast-enhanced cardiac MR (CMR) myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM).DesignProspective observational study.SettingSingle centre, tertiary care hospital.Participants6 outpatient participants with NIDCM.OutcomeReproducibility of semiquantitative myocardial perfusion analysis by CMR.Method6 patients with NIDCM were studied twice using first-pass of contrast transit through the left ventricular (LV) myocardium with a saturation-recovery gradient echo sequence at rest and during adenosine-induced hyperaemia. The anterior wall was divided into endocardial (Endo) and epicardial (Epi) segments. The Myocardial Perfusion Index (MPI) was calculated as the myocardial signal augmentation rate normalised to the LV cavity rate. The Myocardial Perfusion Reserve Index (MPRI) was calculated as hyperaemic/resting MPI.ResultsBetween study 1 and 2, median MPI was similar for resting Endo (0.076 vs 0.077), hyperaemic Endo (0.143 vs 0.143), resting Epi (0.073 vs 0.074), and hyperaemic Epi (0.135 vs 0.134). Median MPRI was similar for Endo (1.84 vs 1.87) and Epi (1.90 vs 2.00). Combining Endo and Epi MPI (N=12), there was excellent agreement between Study 1 and 2 for resting MPI (r=0.998, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.998, coefficients of variation (CoV) 1.4%), hyperaemic MPI (r=0.979, ICC 0.963, CoV 3.3%) and MPRI (r=0.989, ICC 0.94, CoV 3.8%).ConclusionsResting and hyperaemic myocardial perfusion using a normalised upslope analysis during adenosine CMR is a highly reproducible technique in patients with NIDCM.Trial registration numberClinical Trials.Gov IDNCT00574119.
Marker-assisted breeding of Indonesia local rice variety Siputeh for semi-dwarf phonetype, good grain quality and disease resistance to bacterial blight
Authors: Luo Yanchang , Zakaria Sabaruddin , Basyah Bakhtiar , Ma Tingchen , Li Zefu , Yang Jianbo , Yin Zhongchao 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
Rice is one of the most important staple food crops in Asia. Since the first green revolution beginning in 1960s, high-yield semidwarf modern rice varieties have been widely planted; however, traditional rice varieties with tall plant type are still grown in many countries due to their good grain quality and adaptation to local climate and environment. Siputeh, a local rice variety mainly planted in Java and Sumatra islands of Indonesia, produces long grain rice with good cooking and eating quality. However, the variety has low yield with tall plant type and long growth duration and is highly susceptible to biotic and abiotic stress.

Results
Siputeh as the recurrent female was crossed with the donor line WH421, an elite paternal line of hybrid rice containing the sd1, Wx
b, Xa4 and Xa21 genes, followed by backcrossing and self-pollination. TS4, a BC3F4 line derived from the breeding program, was obtained through marker-assisted selection for the sd1, Wx
b, Xa4 and Xa21 loci. TS4 has semi-dwarf phenotype and short growth duration. TS4 conferred disease resistance to multiple Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) strains collected from different countries around the world. TS4 achieved higher grain yield than Siputeh in two field trials conducted in Banda Aceh, Indonesia and Lingshui, China, respectively. Finally, TS4 has better grain quality than Siputeh in terms of degree of chalkiness and amylose content.

Conclusion
An improved rice line, designed as TS4, has been developed to contain semi-dwarf gene sd1, low amylase content gene Wx
b and bacterial light resistance genes Xa4 and Xa21 through marker-assisted selection. TS4 has semi-dwarf phenotype with reduced growth duration, produces high yield with good grain quality and provides broad-spectrum resistance to Xoo strains. The development of TS4 enriches the diversity of local rice varieties with high yield potential and good grain quality.
We all want to be big stars: The desire for fame and the draw to The Real Housewives
Authors: Psarras Evie 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This study analyses eighteen in-depth interviews with adults in the Midwest who watch Bravo’s reality (RTV) docusoap franchise Real Housewives. Shifting the gaze away from RTV effects and towards the proliferation of RTV, RTV stars (celetoids) and what Graeme Turner calls the ‘demotic turn’, this study examines the show’s appeal and whether a latent desire for celetoid-type fame exists among the main viewer groups analysed here (straight women and gay men). A desire for fame appears to be present among the men in this study, and younger men tended to conceive celetoid-type fame as desirable. This study also finds that men and women gravitate towards different character types. Straight women appear less intensely drawn to Real Housewives than gay men, both in terms of buying Real Housewives products and attempting to connect with the women on the show via Twitter. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the profusion of RTV, the demotic turn and celetoids factor into new desires among regular people for celetoid-type fame. This study also adds to recent research that shows that a desire to be famous is now characteristic of younger generations.
The subversive selfie: Redefining the mediated subject
Authors: Ehlin Lisa 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This article approaches the selfie debate through questioning the more simplistic view that the selfie is an effect of narcissism and consumption and instead argues that it can be a shared and transformative practice. Drawing from focus group discussions and using the critical thinking of Levinas, Foucault, Butler and Irigaray, I explore the face and the continuous formation of the subject by basing these arguments on the theoretical dismissal of the domination of a (western) autonomous subject-centred philosophy in favour of the Other, striving towards the expressions of the self as vulnerable, rather than self-absorbed. Furthermore, I discuss the selfie from a feminist viewpoint, where this type of media participation creates a potential space for an alternative female experience to emerge. I argue that the selfie opens up for an ability to mimic and play with social roles, pointing towards potential subversion through awareness and agency, rather than self-objectification. Thus, this article concludes with a recontextualization of the selfie as a sensory, communicative and political practice and experience.
Decoding Middle Welsh clauses or “Avoid Ambiguity”
Authors: Harlos Axel , Poppe Erich , Widmer Paul 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Middle Welsh is a language with a restricted set of morphosyntactic distinctions for grammatical relations and with relatively free word order in positive main declarative causes. However, syntactic ambiguity rarely, if ever, arises in natural texts. The present article shows in a corpus-based study how syntactic ambiguity is prevented and how morphological features interact with two referential properties, namely animacy and accessibility, in order to successfully identify grammatical relations in Middle Welsh. Further lower-tier factors are the semantics of the verb and the wider narrative context. The article complements recent insights suggesting that subject-verb agreement is not only determined by wordorder patterns, but also by referential properties of subjects.
Ares the Ripper
Authors: Willi Andreas 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In response to a recent derivation of the Greek theonym Ἄρης from a root *h₂reh₁‑, the present paper highlights some problems arising from this theory, notably the need to postulate an inversion of (the effects of) Stang’s Law in order to account for the well-attested Aeolic name variant Ἄρευς. These difficulties disappear if the theonym is taken to instantiate Stang’s Law itself and if an original root-noun nom. *h₂reu̯‑s and corresponding acc. *h₂reu̯‑m > *h₂rēm are posited, involving the root attested in Lat. ruere, Ved. rav‑, etc. Independent support for this view comes from the Old Latin Carmen Arvale, where the Roman war god Mars is addressed with the phrase ne uelue rue(m). The hitherto obscure acc. rue(m) surfacing here must be related to the Homeric acc. ἀρήν ‘destruction’ and reflect an analogical transformation of Proto-Italic acc. *(h₂)rēm. More speculatively, it is asked if the root *h₂reu̯(H)‑ thus identified could not ultimately also be connected with *h₂erh₃‑ ‘to plough’, via Schwebeablaut and some phonological and morphological effects of building PIE u̯‑presents and u̯‑presents.
“Narten formations” versus “Narten roots”
Authors: Melchert H. Craig 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Since the existence of a PIE “acrostatic” present formation with descriptive *ḗ/é ablaut was first established by Narten (1968), there has been an ongoing debate regarding the status of this type of inflection in the overall PIE morphological system. Is it a lexically determined feature, by which certain roots consistently (at least typically) display ablaut one degree higher than “standard” roots in a given morphological category? Or do “Narten presents” represent merely another means of deriving present (imperfective) stems (originally with a specific Aktionsart), alongside well-known suffixes like *-sḱe/o-? I will present further evidence for the latter viewpoint, thus supporting the independent conclusions in Kümmel 1998.
Centralizers of subsystems of fusion systems
Authors: Semeraro Jason 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
When (S,ℱ,ℒ) is a p-local finite group and
(T,ℰ,ℒ0) is weakly normal in (S,ℱ,ℒ), we show that a definition of CS
(ℰ) given by Aschbacher has a simple interpretation from which one can deduce existence and strong closure very easily. We also appeal to a result of Gross to give a new proof that there is a unique fusion system
C
ℱ(ℰ) on CS
(ℰ).
What are proteins teaching us on fundamental strategies for molecular nanotechnology?
Authors: Koehler Johann Michael 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Besides the fundamental competition between the top-down and bottom-up approaches in nanotechnology, there are some basic aspects for organizing structures and functions at the molecular level. The recent challenges to the development of nanotechnology are marked by a group of general requirements: selection of suited building units, overcoming the restrictions of planar technology, shrinking of nanofabrication facilities, sustainable production and management of life cycles, organization of autonomy and communication at the nano-level, and the optimization of power consumption and energy management. Looking at the natural principles in the construction, synthesis, and function of proteins helps in understanding the principal differences between the currently applied technologies and the characteristics of biomolecular mechanisms in cells. This view allows formulating seven basic rules to meet the general requirements for future developments in molecular nanotechnology.
La medición de la mortalidad a partir de la información recogida en una encuesta
Authors: Somoza Jorge 
Published: December 2014

En los puntos anteriores se ha descrito, de un modo esquemático, la secuencia de pasos que conducen a la estimación de una tabla de vida a partir de información indirecta sobre mortalidad que puede recogerse en una encuesta.Se ilustró la aplicación de métodos de estimación a datos recogidos en la encuesta demográfica nacional, realizada en Bolivia en 1975, que abarcó unas 50 mil personas. En un país en el que no se cuenta con registros fehacientes de defunciones, ni con un censo de población, fue posible, por medio de procedimientos examinados, obtener una medida, de valor ciertamente sólo aproximado, de su nivel de la mortalidad. Los resultados no pueden juzgarse comparándolos con valores precisos, porque la mortalidad del país no se conoce. Son, sin embargo, plausibles y cercanos a los que se habían estimado, antes de la encuesta, empleando métodos de menor eficiencia que los descritos.Quedaron indicadas algunas limitaciones de los procedimientos examinados y se señaló que las ideas en torno al tema analizado están en pleno desarrollo. Algunos temas, y las preguntas a través de las cuales pueden ser investigados, están todavía en una etapa de experimentación. Los resultados alentadores obtenidos en años recientes nos llevan a esperar con optimismo los resultados de esos ensayos.
DISC drill and replicate coring system: a new era in deep ice drilling engineering
Authors: Shturmakov Alexander J. , Lebar Donald A. , Bentley Charles R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe deep ice sheet coring (DISC) drill and replicate coring system (RCS) were designed and manufactured by Ice Coring and Drilling Services/Ice Drilling Design and Operations group of the University of Wisconsin–Madison. The DISC/RCS is an electromechanical system designed to take 122 mm diameter ice cores from the main borehole and 108 mm diameter replicate ice cores to depths of 4000 m. Detailed design of the DISC drill began in 2003, and the completed drill was tested in Greenland in 2006. During five consecutive field seasons at West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide, 3405 m of ice core were drilled, setting the US deep ice drilling record. The RCS, based on the DISC drill, was developed and built in 2010/11, tested in Antarctica during the 2011/12 WAIS Divide field season and tested further in Madison, WI, during summer–fall 2012. During the 2012/13 Antarctic field season, the system produced five azimuth and depth-controlled deviations at four target depth levels. A total of 285 m of replicate ice core was recovered in the first coring of its kind. The entire main/replicate ice core, including ductile, brittle and warm ice, had excellent quality and satisfied the needs of the ice science community.
Transformations des langages et du travail critique des sciences sociales
Authors: Dodier Nicolas 
Published: December 2014

Résumé L’article examine le travail critique que les sciences sociales accomplissent vis-à-vis du monde social. Il s’appuie pour cela sur l’examen d’un domaine spécifique : les recherches qui traitent, au sens large, de la médecine et des questions médicales. Il distingue deux niveaux d’analyse, celui classique des paradigmes, et un niveau plus transversal, celui des langages des sciences sociales. Chacun de ces langages est vu comme une manière de concevoir l’objet central des sciences sociales et de replacer le travail du chercheur dans des horizons d’attentes vis-à-vis du monde social. L’article montre que trois langages (ordre, force, pluralité) ont structuré les sciences sociales depuis les années 1950. À partir d’une discussion des apports et limites de chacun de ces langages, et au vu d’un retour sur certaines des recherches menées par l’auteur, l’article défend l’intérêt spécifique du langage de la pluralité et indique comment articuler aujourd’hui le travail descriptif et le travail critique à l’intérieur de celui-ci.
L'archivage numérique dans la sphère publique, les enjeux d'une législation annoncée
Authors: Bachoué Pedrouzo Géraldine 
Published: December 2014

Résumé Le projet de loi sur le patrimoine annoncé par le chef de l’État devrait contenir un volet consacré aux archives publiques numériques. Il était temps car, faute de mieux, c’est le régime juridique applicable aux archives publiques sur support « papier » qui est mis en œuvre, ce qui place les personnes publiques dans une position délicate. La réforme à venir est donc l’occasion de saisir les enjeux juridiques de l’archivage numérique dans la sphère publique. Entre système sécurisé, contraintes techniques, restrictions budgétaires, mutualisation, partenariats et répartition des compétences, le numérique impose de réfléchir à une réglementation et un mode de gouvernance adaptés.
The Human Capital Competencies Inventory for Developing Nurse Managers
Authors: Donaher Kathleen , Russell Gail , Scoble Kathleen B. , Chen Jie 
Published: December 2014

Background:
Nurse managers play a vital role in healthcare delivery systems. Psychometrically sound measures of management practices grounded in empirical practice data are needed.

Method:
An integrative review provided content domain for the Human Capital Competencies Inventory (HCCI). Analyses from nurse managers in one northeastern state revealed considerable consistency in performance of activities.

Results:
There is validity and reliability for the HCCI with the sample used.

Conclusions:
There is early support for the Mastery Path as a competency-based model for developing nurses for management in healthcare organizations. Development and testing of four other management practices in the Mastery Path is ongoing.
Immunohistochemical/histochemical double staining method in the study of the columnar metaplasia of the oesophagus
Authors: Cabibi D. , Giannone A.G. , Mascarella C. , Guarnotta C. , Castiglia M. , Pantuso G. , Fiorentino E. 
Published: December 2014

Intestinal metaplasia in Barrettâ€™s oesophagus (BO) represents an important risk factor for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Instead, few and controversial data are reported about the progression risk of columnar-lined oesophagus without intestinal metaplasia (CLO), posing an issue about its clinical management. The aim was to evaluate if some immunophenotypic changes were present in CLO independently of the presence of the goblet cells. We studied a series of oesophageal biopsies from patients with endoscopic finding of columnar metaplasia, by performing some immunohistochemical stainings (CK7, p53, AuroraA) combined with histochemistry (Alcian-blue and Alcian/PAS), with the aim of simultaneously assess the histochemical features in cells that shows an aberrant expression of such antigens. We evidenced a cytoplasmic expression of CK7 and a nuclear expression of Aurora A and p53,Â both in goblet cells of BO and in non-goblet cells of CLO, some of which showing mild dysplasia. These findings suggest that some immunophenotypic changes are present in CLO and they can precede the appearance of the goblet cells or can be present independently of them, confirming the conception of BO as the condition characterized by any extention of columnar epithelium. This is the first study in which a combined immunohistochemical/histochemical method has been applied to Barrett pathology.