bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of climate and land use in carbon biogeochemistry in lower reaches of rivers in central southern Chile: Implications for the carbonate system in river‐influenced rocky shore environments
Authors: Pérez Claudia A. , DeGrandpre Michael D. , Lagos Nelson A. , Saldías Gonzalo S. , Cascales Emma‐Karin , Vargas Cristian A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFreshwater discharge affects the biogeochemistry of river‐influenced nearshore environments by contributing with carbon and nutrients. An increase in human activities in river basins may alter the natural riverine nutrients and carbon export to coastal ecosystems. Along a wide latitudinal range (32°55′S–40°10′S), this study explores the role of climate and land use in determining the nutrient and carbon concentrations in the river mouth and fluxes to adjacent coastal areas. Between winter 2011 and fall 2012, we collected monthly samples in five river mouths in central southern Chile and at rocky shore sites affected by river plumes. Basins were characterized by different land uses and meteorological conditions along this latitudinal range. Water samples were collected for pH measurements, nutrients, dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, particulate organic carbon, and isotopic signatures (δ13C). Our results show a north‐south gradient in concentrations of nutrients and carbon. The highest concentrations were observed in the Maipo basin, which presents the highest percentage of urban‐industrial activities. Nutrients and carbon contributions, in most cases, were lowest in the southern Valdivia basin, which has the least human intervention and a greater percentage of vegetation. The Biobío River had the highest nutrient and carbon fluxes, in most cases, due to its high river discharge. Our results show the influence of river plume effects on carbon and nitrogen concentrations in river‐influenced rocky shore sites. Moreover, our study suggests that land use might influence some parameters of carbonate system in rivers and river‐influenced rocky shore environments. River‐influenced rocky shore environments may exhibit suppression in aragonite saturation state with implications for calcifiers inhabiting these marine environments.
Observation of the dissolution process of Globigerina bulloides tests (planktic foraminifera) by X‐ray microcomputed tomography
Authors: Iwasaki Shinya , Kimoto Katsunori , Sasaki Osamu , Kano Harumasa , Honda Makio C. , Okazaki Yusuke 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe performed a 9 day dissolution experiment with tests of the planktic foraminifer Globigerina bulloides at pH 6.7 ± 0.1 in water undersaturated with respect to calcite. The initial stage of the dissolution process, which is not recognizable from the surface structure of the tests, was quantitatively evaluated by X‐ray microcomputed tomography (XMCT). XMCT revealed three distinct test structures: early‐developed calcite formed during the juvenile stage of G. bulloides, an inner calcite layer, and an outer calcite layer. The test ultrastructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and CT number evaluated the density distribution in the test. The early‐developed calcite and inner calcite layer had low CT numbers (500–1300; low density, porous) and were sensitive to dissolution, whereas the outer calcite layer had high CT numbers (<1300; high density) and resisted dissolution. Both the modes and the frequencies of the CT numbers decreased with progress of dissolution. Changes in the CT number histogram with progress of dissolution were quantified in terms of the percentage of calcite volume accounted for by low‐density calcite (% Low‐CT‐number calcite). A clear linear relationship (R2 = 0.87) between % Low‐CT‐number calcite and % Test weight loss was found. This relationship indicates that the amount of test dissolution can be estimated from the distribution of CT numbers. We propose that XMCT measurements will be useful for quantitatively estimating the amount of carbonate loss from foraminiferal tests by dissolution.
Vertical collapse origin of Las Cañadas caldera (Tenerife, Canary Islands) revealed by 3‐D magnetotelluric inversion
Authors: Piña‐Varas P. , Ledo J. , Queralt P. , Marcuello A. , Bellmunt F. , Ogaya X. , Pérez N. , Rodriguez‐Losada J. A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTenerife island geology is one of the most complexes of the Canaries archipelago. This complexity is evidenced by the existing controversy regarding the lateral or vertical collapse origin of the Las Cañadas caldera. The resistivity structure of the Las Cañadas caldera has been determined by the 3‐D inversion of 188 broadband magnetotelluric data. The resistivity distribution obtained in the final model shows clear evidences of the presence of a vertical structure under the Teide, associated to the buried northern wall of the caldera. Additionally, the characteristics of the main resistivity structure, a ring‐shaped low‐resistivity body (<10 Ω m) interpreted as a hydrothermal clay alteration cap, would point out the presence of a handwall for the Icod Valley lateral landslide located under the Teide, but not in the southern caldera wall (current wall). All these support the vertical collapse hypothesis to explain the origin of the Las Cañadas caldera.
Two‐dimensional seismic attenuation images of Stromboli Island using active data
Authors: Prudencio J. , Del Pezzo E. , Ibáñez J. M. , Giampiccolo E. , Patané D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this work we present intrinsic and scattering seismic attenuation 2‐D images of Stromboli Volcano. We used 21,953 waveforms from air gun shots fired by an oceanographic vessel and recorded at 33 inland and 10 ocean bottom seismometer seismic stations. Coda wave envelopes of the filtered seismic traces were fitted to the energy transport equation in the diffusion approximation, obtaining a couple of separate Qi and Qs in six frequency bands. Using numerically estimated sensitivity kernels for coda waves, separate images of each quality factor were produced. Results appear stable and robust. They show that scattering attenuation prevails over intrinsic attenuation. The scattering pattern shows a strong concordance with the tectonic lineaments in the area, while an area of high total attenuation coincides with the zone where most of the volcanic activity occurs. Our results provide evidence that the most important attenuation effects in volcanic areas are associated with the presence of geological heterogeneities.
Stressing of fault patch during seismic swarms in central Apennines, Italy
Authors: De Gori P. , Lucente F. P. , Chiarabba C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPersistent seismic swarms originate along the normal faulting system of central Apennines (Italy). In this study, we analyze the space‐time‐energy distribution of one of the longer and more intense of these swarms, active since August 2013 in the high seismic risk area of the Gubbio basin. Our aim is to verify if information relevant to constraint short‐term earthquake occurrence scenarios is hidden in seismic swarms. During the swarm, the seismic moment release first accelerated, with a rapid migration of seismicity along the fault system, and suddenly dropped. We observe a decrease of the b‐value, along the portion of the fault system where large magnitude events concentrated, possibly indicating that a fault patch was dynamically stressed. This finding suggests that the onset of seismic swarms might help the formation of critically stressed patches.
Metal‐Free Direct Construction of Sulfonamides via Iodine‐ Mediated Coupling Reaction of Sodium Sulfinates and Amines at Room Temperature
Authors: Wei Wei , Liu ChunLi , Yang Daoshan , Wen Jiangwei , You Jinmao , Wang Hua 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA simple, practical, and metal‐free protocol has been developed for the synthesis of sulfonamides from sodium sulfinates and various amines through an iodine‐mediated SN bond formation reaction at room temperature. This green reaction is cost‐effective, operationally straightforward, and especially proceeds under very mild conditions to afford the target products in good to excellent yields (up to 98%).magnified image
Iron(II)‐Promoted Synthesis of 2‐Aminothiazoles via CN Bond Formation from Vinyl Azides and Potassium Thiocyanate
Authors: Zhang Guolin , Chen Binhui , Guo Xiao , Guo Shanshan , Yu Yongping 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA simple protocol to prepare the privileged 2‐aminothiazoles promoted by ferrous sulfate heptahydrate via CN bond formation from vinyl azides and commercially available potassium thiocyanate has been developed. A wide range of vinyl azides are tolerated to afford the expected polysubstituted 2‐aminothiazoles in reasonably good yields. The use of the non‐toxic substrates and catalyst renders the reaction more environmentally friendly than traditional approaches.magnified image
Hydrogen Acceptor‐ and Base‐Free N‐Formylation of Nitriles and Amines using Methanol as C1 Source
Authors: Kang Byungjoon , Hong Soon Hyeok 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn N‐formylation method using methanol as the C1 source without a stoichiometric amount of activating reagent is described. Nitriles as well as amines can be directly used as substrates. The reaction is catalyzed by an N‐heterocyclic carbene coordinated ruthenium(II) dihydride complex, which mediates methanol dehydrogenation, nitrile reduction, and CN bond formation without any external base, hydrogen acceptor, or oxidant.magnified image
Palladium‐Catalyzed Benzylic CH Benzylation via Bis‐Benzylpalladium(II) Complexes in Water: An Effective Pathway for the Direct Construction of N‐(1,2‐Diphenylethyl)anilines
Authors: Hikawa Hidemasa , Izumi Kyoko , Ino Yukari , Kikkawa Shoko , Yokoyama Yuusaku , Azumaya Isao 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA strategy for the N‐benzylation/benzylic CH benzylation cascade of anilines by the π‐benzylpalladium system using a water‐soluble palladium(0)/sodium diphenylphosphinobenzene‐3‐sulfonate (TPPMS) catalyst and benzyl alcohol in water has been developed. This tandem process is devised as a novel and efficient synthetic route for N‐(1,2‐diphenylethyl)anilines. Benzylic CH activation of a mono‐N‐benzylated intermediate with a π‐benzylpalladium(II) complex affords a bis‐π‐benzylated palladium(II) intermediate. The nucleophilic η1‐σ‐benzyl anion ligand attacks the electrophilic η3‐π‐benzyl ligand to give a dibenzylated product. The intermolecular competition between mono‐N‐benzylaniline and its monodeuterated form (monodeuterated at the benzylic group) with benzyl alcohol gave a KIE=4.6, suggesting that CH bond cleavage was involved in the rate‐determining step. Hammett studies on the rate constants of benzylation by various substituted anthranilic acids and mono‐N‐benzylanilines show a good correlation between the log(kX/kH) and the σ values of the respective substituents. From the slope, negative ρ values are obtained, suggesting that there is a build‐up of positive charge in the transition state. The reaction of anilines with electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups affords the corresponding N‐(1,2‐diphenylethyl)anilines in moderate to good yields (54–86%). Interestingly, the reaction of anthranilic acids proceeded smoothly to give only the corresponding dibenzylated products in good to excellent yields (70–87%). The carboxyl group of the anthranilic acids acts as a directing group in the benzylic CH activation process.magnified image
Synthesis of 3,4‐Fused 2‐Quinolones from an (ortho‐Aminophenyl)propiolate via Sequential Cycloaddition/Lactam Formation
Authors: Murayama Tsukasa , Shibuya Masatoshi , Yamamoto Yoshihiko 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn N‐phthalimide‐protected (ortho‐aminophenyl)propiolate was prepared by the carboxylation of the corresponding silylalkyne precursor with carbon dioxide. The obtained propiolate was further transformed to various 3,4‐fused 2‐quinolones via cycloadditions and subsequent deprotection/lactam formation.magnified image
Strained Dehydrogenative Ring Closure of Phenylcarbazoles
Authors: Jones Alexander W. , Louillat‐Habermeyer Marie‐Laure , Patureau Frederic W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWhat does it take to force a rigid and strained dehydrogenative ring closure, for example, in phenylcarbazoles? Since the works of Buchwald and Fagnou, palladium‐catalysed ring‐closing dehydrogenative reactions are legion, but will not operate when the strain at the reductive elimination stage becomes too large. We propose here a “muscled up” super‐oxidative palldium‐catalysed CH activation method for the ring closure of strained phenylcarbazoles.magnified image
Characterization of transsphenoidal complications in patients with acromegaly: an analysis of inpatient data in the United States from 2002 to 2010
Authors: Raikundalia Milap D. , Pines Morgan J. , Svider Peter F. , Baredes Soly , Folbe Adam J. , Liu James K. , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundTranssphenoidal surgery (TSS) is a common procedure for a variety of pituitary lesions. This procedure can be associated with complications related to the surgery or specific pathology. In this study, we evaluate inpatient postoperative complications among patients who underwent TSS for growth hormone adenomas using a nationally representative database, and compare patient characteristics and complications to patients who underwent TSS for other benign pituitary neoplasms.MethodsAnalysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample revealed 13,070 TSS patients (including 892 with acromegaly) between 2002 and 2010. Complication rates, outcomes, patient demographics, hospital stay, and total charges were evaluated among TSS patients with and without acromegaly.ResultsThere was an increase in TSS performed in both cohorts from 2002 to 2010. Acromegaly patients were younger, had shorter hospital stays, and incurred fewer charges. Acromegaly patients had a lower occurrence of postoperative urinary/renal complications (0.2% vs 1.1%), thromboembolic events (0% vs 0.4%), fluid/electrolyte abnormalities (5.7% vs 9.1%), and iatrogenic hypopituitarism (0.3% vs 1.1%) compared to other TSS patients (all p < 0.05). After adjusting for age, acromegalic patients maintained a statistically lower occurrence of fluid/electrolyte abnormalities (p = 0.007). Cerebrospinal fluid leak occurrence in acromegaly patients was 2.6% vs 1.7% in non‐acromegaly patients, a result that did not reach significance (p = 0.054).ConclusionUpon comparison of inpatient hospitalizations for patients undergoing TSS for growth hormone adenomas and other benign pituitary neoplasms, acromegaly patients had a significantly lower occurrence of postoperative fluid/electrolyte abnormalities. Acromegaly patients had shorter hospitalizations and subsequently fewer total charges.
Environment‐Sensitive Fluorescent Probe: A Benzophosphole Oxide with an Electron‐Donating Substituent
Authors: Yamaguchi Eriko , Wang Chenguang , Fukazawa Aiko , Taki Masayasu , Sato Yoshikatsu , Sasaki Taeko , Ueda Minako , Sasaki Narie , Higashiyama Tetsuya , Yamaguchi Shigehiro 
Published: March 2015

AbstractElectron‐donating aryl groups were attached to electron‐accepting benzophosphole skeletons. Among several derivatives thus prepared, one benzophosphole oxide was particularly interesting, as it retained high fluorescence quantum yields even in polar and protic solvents. This phosphole‐based compound exhibited a drastic color change of its fluorescence spectrum as a function of the solvent polarity, while the absorption spectra remained virtually unchanged. Capitalizing on these features, this phosphole‐based compound was used to stain adipocytes, in which the polarity of subcellular compartments could then be discriminated on the basis of the color change of the fluorescence emission.
Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable polyurethanes with unsaturated carbon bonds based on poly(propylene fumarate)
Authors: Hu Bin , Ye Chen , Gao Changyou 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe segmented polyurethanes synthesized from biodegradable polyesters are very promising and widely applicable because of their excellent physiochemical properties. Poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF), a kind of linear aliphatic unsaturated and biodegradable polyesters, has been well recognized in biomedical applications. Herein novel polyurethanes (PPFUs) were synthesized based on the PPF‐diol, diisocyanates such as 1,6‐diisocyanatohexane, l‐lysine diisocyanate, and dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, and chain extenders such as 1,4‐butylene glycol and l‐lysine methyl ester hydrochloride (Lys‐OMe·2HCl). By varying the types of diisocyanates, and chain extenders, and the proportion of hard segments, the PPFUs with tailored properties such as mechanical strength and degradation rate were easily obtained. The synthesized PPFUs had an amorphous structure and slight phase separation with strong hydrogen bonding between the soft segments and the hard segments. The elongation of PPFU elastomers reached over 400% with a slow deformation‐recovery ability. The PPFUs were more sensitive to alkaline (5 M, NaOH) hydrolysis than acid (2 M, HCl) and oxidative (30 vol.%, H2O2) erosion. The tensile strength, deformation‐recovery ability, and glass transition temperature of the PPFUs were improved with the increase of hard segment proportion, while the degradation rate was opposite because of the faster degradation of the soft segments. In vitro culture of smooth muscle cells in the extractant of the PPFUs or on the PPFUs film surface revealed low cytotoxicity and good cytocompatibility in terms of cell viability, adhesion, and proliferation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42065.
An Efficient Numerical Scheme for Solving Multi‐Dimensional Fractional Optimal Control Problems With a Quadratic Performance Index
Authors: Bhrawy A. H. , Doha E. H. , Tenreiro Machado J. A. , Ezz‐Eldien S. S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe shifted Legendre orthogonal polynomials are used for the numerical solution of a new formulation for the multi‐dimensional fractional optimal control problem (M‐DFOCP) with a quadratic performance index. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. The Lagrange multiplier method for the constrained extremum and the operational matrix of fractional integrals are used together with the help of the properties of the shifted Legendre orthonormal polynomials. The method reduces the M‐DFOCP to a simpler problem that consists of solving a system of algebraic equations. For confirming the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed scheme, some test problems are implemented with their approximate solutions.
Synthesis and luminescence of Eu3+‐doped in triple phosphate Ca8MgBi(PO4)7 with whitlockite structure
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐wei , Ren Yan‐jun , Liu Lu , Zhang Jian‐ping , Peng You‐shun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTriple whitlockite‐type structure‐based red phosphors Ca8MgBi1−x(PO4)7:xEu3+ (x = 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80 and 1.00) were synthesized by a conventional solid‐state reaction route and characterized by their X‐ray crystal structures. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, Fourier transform infrared spectra, morphologies, photoluminescence spectra, UV/Vis reflectance spectra, decay times and the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of Ca8MgBi1−x(PO4)7:xEu3+ were analyzed. Eu‐doped Ca8MgBi(PO4)7 phosphors exhibited strong red luminescence with peaks at 616 nm due to the 5D0 → 7 F2 electric dipole transition of Eu3+ ions after excitation at 396 nm. The UV/Vis spectra indicated that the band gap of Ca8MgBi0.30(PO4)7:0.70Eu3+ is larger than that of Ca8MgBi(PO4)7. The phosphor developed in this study has great potential as a red‐light‐emitting phosphor for UV light‐emitting diodes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wheat enolase demonstrates potential as a non‐toxic cryopreservation agent for liver and pancreatic cells
Authors: Grondin Mélanie , Chow‐Shi‐Yée Mélanie , Ouellet François , Averill‐Bates Diana A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCryopreservation is essential for long‐term storage of cells and tissues, which can be used for clinical applications such as drug toxicity testing, human transplantation, reproductive, regenerative and transfusion medicine. It requires use of cryoprotectants (e.g. dimethyl disulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol) that protect cells and tissues from dehydration and damage caused by formation of intracellular ice during freezing. As an alternative to these cytotoxic cryoprotectants, we are developing new technology using natural substances produced by plants that survive freezing conditions. We previously showed that soluble protein extracts such as wheat protein extract (WPE) prepared from winter wheat plants can substitute for DMSO as a cryoprotectant for certain mammalian cell types. To identify novel cryoactive proteins, WPE was separated using different chromatographic procedures and cryoactive fractions were analyzed by mass spectrometry. The analysis revealed enolase as a potential wheat protein candidate. A recombinant enolase protein was prepared and was able to successfully cryopreserve rat hepatocytes and insulin‐secreting INS832/13 pancreatic cells. Post‐thaw cells had high viability and levels of metabolic activities. Cryopreserved cells were plateable and had good adherence and morphological properties. These results indicate that individual plant proteins such as enolase have promising potential as new, non‐toxic technology for cryopreservation protocols used for clinical applications.
Development of a LC‐MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of metoprolol and its metabolites, α‐hydroxymetoprolol and O‐desmethylmetoprolol, in rat plasma: application to the herb–drug interaction study of metoprolol and breviscapine
Authors: Rao Zhi , Ma Yan‐rong , Qin Hong‐yan , Wang Ya‐feng , Wei Yu‐hui , Zhou Yan , Zhang Guo‐qiang , Wang Xing‐dong , Wu Xin‐an 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTA simple, specific and sensitive LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of metoprolol (MET), α‐hydroxymetoprolol (HMT) and O‐desmethylmetoprolol (DMT) in rat plasma. The plasma samples were prepared by protein precipitation, then the separation of the analytes was performed on an Agilent HC‐C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and post‐column splitting (1:4) was used to give optimal interface flow rates (0.2 mL/min) for MS detection; the total run time was 8.5 min. Mass spectrometric detection was achieved using a triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray source interface in positive ionization mode. The method was fully validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, matrix effect and recovery over a concentration range of 3.42–7000 ng/mL for MET, 2.05‐4200 ng/mL for HMT and 1.95‐4000 ng/mL for DMT. The analytical method was successfully applied to herb–drug interaction study of MET and breviscapine after administration of breviscapine (12.5 mg/kg) and MET (40 mg/kg). The results suggested that breviscapine have negligible effect on pharmacokinetics of MET in rats; the information may be beneficial for the application of breviscapine in combination with MET in clinical therapy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.