bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working with people who have killed: The experience and attitudes of forensic mental health clinicians working with forensic patients
Authors: Harris Derith M. , Happell Brenda , Manias Elizabeth 
Published: December 2014

AbstractForensic mental health (FMH) clinicians sometimes feel unsupported and unprepared for their work. This article explores their experiences of working in a FMH setting in Australia. The research examined the clinical context of clinicians working with forensic patients (FP), particularly those individuals who have killed while experiencing a mental illness. A qualitative, exploratory design was selected. Data were collected through focus groups and individual interviews with hospital and community‐based forensic clinicians from all professional groups: psychiatric medicine, social work, psychology, mental health nursing, occupational therapy, and psychiatric service officers. The main themes identified were orientation and adjustment to FMH, training in FMH, vicarious traumatization, clinical debriefing and clinical supervision, and therapeutic relationships. Participants described being frustrated and unsupported in making the transition to working with FP and felt conflicted by the emotional response that was generated when developing therapeutic relationships. Recommendations include the development of programmes that might assist clinicians and address gaps in service delivery, such as clinical governance, targeted orientation programmes, and clinical supervision.
Comparison of Salt and Drought‐Stress Effects on Maize Growth and Yield Formation with Regard to Acid Invertase Activity in the Kernels
Authors: Hütsch B. W. , Jung S. , Schubert S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe long‐term effects of salt stress (11 dS m−1) and drought stress (35 % WHC) were investigated for two maize genotypes, focusing on the relation between metabolic changes around the time of pollination and the impact on yield determinants at maturity. The relatively salt‐resistant hybrid Pioneer 3906 and the relatively drought‐resistant hybrid Fabregas were compared. The experiments were conducted in large plastic containers in a vegetation hall in two consecutive years (2011 and 2012). Plant height and leaf area were significantly reduced under both stress conditions. The transpiration rate was only slightly reduced under drought stress; but under salt stress, a significant reduction occurred 40–53 days after sowing. As a significant increase in sucrose concentrations was observed in the salt‐treated maize kernels 2 days after pollination, the availability of assimilates was not limiting and the plants could afford to save water by reduced stomatal opening. Although under both stress conditions the soluble acid invertase activity was reduced 2 days after pollination, concomitantly, an increase in hexose concentrations was observed. Thus, in these experiments, the delivery of hexoses by acid invertase activity did not limit kernel development. Differences in grain yield at maturity between salt and drought stress were most likely caused by salt‐specific effects (Na+ toxicity), Fabregas being more affected than Pioneer 3906.
Molecular evolution of candidate genes involved in post‐mating‐prezygotic reproductive isolation
Authors: Bono J. M. , Matzkin L. M. , Hoang K. , Brandsmeier L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTraits involved in post‐copulatory interactions between the sexes may evolve rapidly as a result of sexual selection and/or sexual conflict, leading to post‐mating‐prezygotic (PMPZ) reproductive isolating barriers between diverging lineages. Although the importance of PMPZ isolation is recognized, the molecular basis of such incompatibilities is not well understood. Here, we investigate molecular evolution of a subset of Drosophila mojavensis and Drosophila arizonae reproductive tract genes. These include genes that are transcriptionally regulated by conspecific mating in females, many of which are misregulated in heterospecific crosses, and a set of male genes whose transcripts are transferred to females during mating. As a group, misregulated female genes are not more divergent and do not appear to evolve under different selection pressures than other female reproductive genes. Male transferred genes evolve at a higher rate than testis‐expressed genes, and at a similar rate compared to accessory gland protein genes, which are known to evolve rapidly. Four of the individual male transferred genes show patterns of divergent positive selection between D. mojavensis and D. arizonae. Three of the four genes belong to the sperm‐coating protein‐like family, including an ortholog of antares, which influences female fertility and receptivity in Drosophila melanogaster. Synthesis of these molecular evolutionary analyses with transcriptomics and predicted functional information makes these genes candidates for involvement in PMPZ reproductive incompatibilities between D. mojavensis and D. arizonae.
Mothers' expressed emotion towards children with autism spectrum disorder and their siblings
Authors: Griffith G. M. , Hastings R. P. , Petalas M. A. , Lloyd T. J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundExpressed emotion (EE) is a construct used to measure the emotional climate within families. EE is of interest to researchers in the field of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) because of its putative implications for child development. The aim was to explore whether maternal EE differs towards a child with ASD and a non‐disabled sibling.MethodsWe adopted a within‐family design with 143 mothers of children with ASD and a non‐disabled sibling. EE was measured using the Five‐Minute Speech Sample.ResultsWilcoxon signed‐rank tests were utilised. Mothers were coded as significantly more critical and less warm towards their child with ASD than towards the sibling. There were no significant differences in maternal emotional overinvolvement or overall EE towards the child with ASD and a sibling.ConclusionsThe data support the results of previous research suggesting that EE is linked to the relationship a mother has with individual children, rather than being evidence of the character disposition of mothers. More research is needed to understand the emotional dimensions of parent–child relationships in families with children with ASD.
Should arm span or height be used in calculating the BMI for the older people? Preliminary results
Authors: Villaverde‐Gutiérrez Carmen , Sánchez‐López Maria Jacaranda , Ramirez‐Rodrigo Jesús , Ocaña‐Peinado Francisco Manuel 
Published: December 2014

Aims and objectivesTo consider using arm span rather than height for calculating the body mass index, as a parameter that offers greater long‐term stability, for the nutritional assessment of persons aged over 65 years.BackgroundThe body mass index presents certain drawbacks for the nutritional screening of older people suffering malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition, due to the anthropometric changes that occur with increasing age, especially the progressive loss of height.DesignObservational, cross‐sectional study, using nonprobabilistic convenience sampling, with anthropometric measurements and nutritional screening in older men and women, divided into two groups: (1) aged 65–75 years and (2) aged over 75 years.MethodologyHeight and arm span were measured to calculate two separate indices of body mass: body mass index (weight/height) and body mass index.1 (weight/arm span). Nutritional screening was conducted using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short‐Form, which includes the body mass index as an anthropometric measure.ResultsOur results reveal statistically significant differences between the two indices, for the sample analysed. Body mass index.1 classifies a larger number of older people as suffering malnutrition and fewer as being at nutritional risk. When this new index is used, there is a displacement of the subjects at risk, thus increasing the number considered at risk of malnutrition and in need of appropriate therapeutic intervention. Therefore, the use of body mass index.1 would enable more people suffering malnutrition, who would otherwise remain untreated, to be attended.ConclusionsAs arm span, as an anthropometric measure, remains unchanged over time, it could be used instead of height, as an alternative index (body mass index.1) to the conventional body mass index. Further research is needed to determine the association between body mass index.1 and clinical status parameters to determine optimum cut‐off points.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study describes the greater stability of body mass index.1 with respect to body mass index for nutritional screening, and the resulting benefits for nutritional monitoring and intervention for older people.
Eventful Subjectivity: The Experiential Sources of Solidarity
Authors: Meyer Rachel , Kimeldorf Howard 
Published: December 2014

AbstractScholarship on events has been devoted primarily to large‐scale occurrences that transform macro structures. Here we put forward a perspective that we termeventful subjectivitywhich moves the analysis of events in two related directions. First, we shift the arena of eventful analysis from rare world historical occurrences to smaller, more frequent events. Second, we direct attention away from macro‐structural outcomes to micro‐level changes in understanding. We employ the framework of eventful subjectivity to examine a living wage campaign in Chicago, demonstrating how the multi‐faceted diversity of the campaign – in the context of collective action – engendered solidarity rather than fragmentation.
Immunohistochemical expression of fibrillin‐1 and fibrillin‐2 during tooth development
Authors: Kira‐Tatsuoka M. , Oka K. , Tsuruga E. , Ozaki M. , Sawa Y. 
Published: December 2014

Background and ObjectiveOxytalan fibers are categorized as a microfibril assembly without elastin deposition, and are unique components in the periodontal ligament (PDL). However, little is known about their formation during PDL development. To clarify the mechanisms of oxytalan fiber formation in developing PDL, we performed immunohistochemical analysis to detect the direct expression of fibrillin‐1 and fibrillin‐2, which are major components of microfibrils.Material and MethodsFrozen sections of lower molars from mice at several stages of growth were prepared without chemical fixation and decalcification using the film transfer method. Immunostaining was performed with anti‐fibrillin‐1 and ‐2, and anticytokeratin antibodies.ResultsFibrillin‐1 was not expressed in the dental follicle during the crown forming stage. At postneonatal day 9, fibrillin‐1 expression started with meshwork appearance between the epithelial cells from Hertwig's epithelial root sheath at the root dentin surface. Fibirillin‐2 was detected much earlier than fibrillin‐1 expression. Fibrillin‐2 was expressed with a liner appearance, running parallel to the root axis in PDL, and was partially co‐expressed with cytokeratin 14 expression in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath. Furthermore, we detected both fibrillin‐1 and fibrillin‐2 expression in human PDL. Fibrillin‐1 was detected in fibers with a vertically oriented root axis in PDL. Fibrillin‐2 was widely expressed in PDL, including around the epithelial cell rests of Malassez. Fibrillin‐1 and fibrillin‐2 were clearly co‐expressed in thick fiber structures in human PDL.ConclusionOur results suggest that both fibrillin‐1 and fibrillin‐2 expression is required to form thick oxytalan fibers in PDL. Based on the expression patterns for fibrillin‐1 and fibrillin‐2, they have different functions during tooth root and PDL development. Early expression of fibrillin‐2 may regulate dental epithelial cell behavior during root and PDL development.
Uncovering Unobserved Economy: A General Equilibrium Characterization
Authors: Argentiero Amedeo , Bollino Carlo Andrea 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper builds a three‐sector DSGE (Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium) model, considering explicitly the interactions among regular, underground and criminal sectors. We generated quarterly data for unobserved variables for Italian economy over the sample 1974:01–2011:02, through Monte Carlo simulations, and we found that underground economy is about 20 per cent of GDP, whereas criminal economy is 11 per cent. The dynamic behavior of the model shows that (1) regular production has a greater relative volatility with respect to unobserved production, (2) an efficient law enforcement activity is able to weaken unobserved activities and (3) unobserved sectors' variables exhibit a negative correlation with the corresponding ones of regular economy.
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and C3 glomerulonephritis: Frequency, clinical features, and outcome in children
Authors: Okuda Yusuke , Ishikura Kenji , Hamada Riku , Harada Ryoko , Sakai Tomoyuki , Hamasaki Yuko , Hataya Hiroshi , Fukuzawa Ryuji , Ogata Kentaro , Honda Masataka 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimC3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) is a recently described disease that is related to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). We retrospectively compared the frequencies, clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes of C3GN and MPGN in a cohort of Japanese children.MethodsChildren who were pathologically diagnosed with MPGN (type I or III) in our hospital were divided into two groups based on immunofluorescence imaging of renal biopsies: children with MPGN induced by classical complement pathway activation (classical MPGN) and children with C3GN.ResultsOf 14 children with MPGN (five boys), four had classical MPGN, eight had C3GN, and two had unclassifiable glomerulonephritis. Four children with classical MPGN and seven with C3GN received methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by oral prednisolone for 2 years (MPT+PSL therapy). Subsequently, six of seven children with C3GN received combined therapy (prednisolone, azathioprine, and anticoagulants) for 2 years because they responded poorly to MPT+PSL therapy. At the last follow‐up visit, two children with classical MPGN and seven with C3GN had not achieved remission. One child with classical MPGN and five with C3GN had hypocomplementaemia at the last follow‐up. None of the children had renal impairment.ConclusionMore than half of the patients previously diagnosed with MPGN fulfilled the criteria for C3GN in children. C3GN may be more refractory than classical MPGN to immunosuppressant therapy.
Prevalence of mental illness, intellectual disability, and developmental disability among homeless people in Nagoya, Japan: A case series study
Authors: Nishio Akihiro , Yamamoto Mayumi , Ueki Hirofumi , Watanabe Takahiro , Matsuura Kenshin , Tamura Osamu , Uehara Ryosuke , Shioiri Toshiki 
Published: December 2014

AimWhile it has been reported that the prevalence of mental illness is higher in homeless people than in the national population, few studies have investigated the prevalence of intellectual and developmental disability among the homeless. In this study, we conducted a survey to comprehensively assess these mental problems among homeless people in Nagoya, Japan.MethodsThe subjects were 18 homeless men. Mental illness was diagnosed with semi‐structured interviews conducted by psychiatrists. We used the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III to diagnose intellectual disability. Discrepancies between Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III subtest scores were used as criteria for developmental disability.ResultsEleven of the 18 participants were diagnosed with mental illness: six with mood disorder, two with psychotic disorder, and six with alcohol problems. The mean IQ of all subjects was 83.4 ± 27.4. The 95% confidence interval (CI) was 96.2–69.1. Seven participants were found to have intellectual disability. Three men showed discrepancies of more than 10 between subtest scores, and all of them were diagnosed with a mental illness. We divided the participants into four groups: those with mental illness only; those with intellectual disability only; those with both problems; and those without diagnosis. The men with intellectual disability only were significantly younger and had been homeless since a younger age than the other groups. Participants diagnosed with a mental illness had been homeless for longer than those without mental health problems.ConclusionAlthough the sample size was limited, this study revealed the high prevalence of mental illness and intellectual disability, 61% (95%CI, 35–83%) and 39% (95%CI, 17–64%), respectively, in homeless people in Nagoya, Japan.
Emotion, sighing, and respiratory variability
Authors: Vlemincx Elke , Van Diest Ilse , Van den Bergh Omer 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHow dimensions of emotion affect respiratory regulation assessed by respiratory variability and sighing is unknown. The present studies aimed to investigate the effects of emotional valence and arousal on respiratory variability and sigh rate. Within subjects, emotions were induced by picture viewing in a first experiment, and script‐driven mental imagery in a second experiment. Respiration was measured throughout the experiment, while valence, arousal, and dominance ratings were assessed after each trial. Negative and/or high‐arousal emotions increased sigh rates and respiratory variability during picture viewing and imagery. Only depression imagery, however, decreased correlated variability (and only in minute ventilation). Fear imagery particularly increased variability in end‐tidal carbon dioxide and expiratory time. These findings show that dimensions of emotion importantly influence respiratory regulation.
In vitro function of platelets treated with ultraviolet C light for pathogen inactivation: a comparative study with nonirradiated and gamma‐irradiated platelets
Authors: Tynngård Nahreen , Trinks Marie , Berlin Gösta 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundDuring storage of platelet concentrates (PCs) replication of contaminating pathogens might occur, which can be prevented by various pathogen inactivation (PI) methods using photoactive substances in combination with ultraviolet (UV) light. A new method uses only UVC light for PI without photoactive substances. This study evaluates the in vitro function, including hemostatic properties (clot formation and elasticity), of platelets (PLTs) treated with UVC light.Study Design and MethodsA PC with 35% plasma and 65% PLT additive solution (SSP+) was prepared from five buffy coats. Three PCs were pooled and divided into 3 units. One unit was used as a nonirradiated control, the second was a gamma‐irradiated control, and the third unit was treated with UVC light. In vitro variables including analysis of coagulation by free oscillation rheometry were analyzed on Days 1, 5, and 7 of storage. Ten units in each group were investigated.ResultsSwirling was well preserved, and the pH level was higher than the reference limit (6.4) during storage of PLTs in all groups. Glycolysis and PLT activation were higher for UVC‐treated PLTs but the clot‐forming capacity was unaffected. However, immediately after UVC treatment, the clot elastic properties were slightly affected. Hypotonic shock response decreased immediately after UVC treatment but recovered partly during the storage period.ConclusionUVC treatment affected the in vitro properties, but PLT quality and storage stability were well preserved for up to 7 days, and the in vitro hemostatic capacity of UVC‐treated PLTs was only minimally altered. The clinical relevance of these changes needs to be evaluated in controlled trials.
A multicenter study of plasma use in the United States
Authors: Triulzi Darrell , Gottschall Jerome , Murphy Edward , Wu Yanyun , Ness Paul , Kor Daryl , Roubinian Nareg , Fleischmann Debra , Chowdhury Dhuly , Brambilla Donald ,   NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS‐III)
Published: December 2014

BackgroundDetailed information regarding plasma use in the United States is needed to identify opportunities for practice improvement and design of clinical trials of plasma therapy.Study Design and MethodsTen US hospitals collected detailed medical information from the electronic health records for 1 year (2010‐2011) for all adult patients transfused with plasma.ResultsA total of 72,167 units of plasma were transfused in 19,596 doses to 9269 patients. The median dose of plasma was 2 units (interquartile range, 2‐4; range 1‐72); 15% of doses were 1 unit, and 45% were 2 units. When adjusted by patient body weight (kg), the median dose was 7.3 mL/kg (interquartile range, 5.5‐12.0). The median pretransfusion international normalized ratio (INR) was 1.9 (25%‐75% interquartile range, 1.6‐2.6). A total of 22.5% of plasma transfusions were given to patients with an INR of less than 1.6 and 48.5% for an INR of 2.0 or more. The median posttransfusion INR was 1.6 (interquartile range, 1.4‐2.0). Only 42% of plasma transfusions resulted in a posttransfusion INR of less than 1.6. Correction of INR increased as the plasma dose increased from 1 to 4 units (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the INR response to different types of plasma. The most common issue locations were general ward (38%) and intensive care unit (ICU; 42%).ConclusionThis large database describing plasma utilization in the United States provides evidence for both inadequate dosing and unnecessary transfusion. Measures to improve plasma transfusion practice and clinical trials should be directed at patients on medical and surgical wards and in the ICU where plasma is most commonly used.
Therapeutic efficacy of autologous platelet‐rich plasma and polydeoxyribonucleotide on female pattern hair loss
Authors: Lee Si‐Hyung , Zheng Zhenlong , Kang Jin‐Soo , Kim Do‐Young , Oh Sang Ho , Cho Sung Bin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAutologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) exerts positive therapeutic effects on hair thickness and density in patients with pattern hair loss. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of intra‐perifollicular autologous PRP and polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) injections in treating female pattern hair loss (FPHL). Twenty FPHL patients were treated with a single session of PRP injection, followed by 12 sessions of PDRN intra‐perifollicular injection, along the scalp at weekly intervals. Additionally, another 20 FPHL patients were treated with 12 sessions of PDRN injection only. Meanwhile, one half of the backs of two rabbits was injected with the PRP preparation, while the other half was injected with phosphate buffered saline as a control. Tissue samples from the rabbits were analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Compared with baseline values, patients treated with PRP and PDRN injections exhibited clinical improvement in mean hair counts (23.2 ± 15.5%; p < 0.001) and mean hair thickness (16.8 ± 10.8%; p < 0.001). In addition, patients treated with the 12 sessions of intra‐perifollicular PDRN injection alone also showed clinical improvement in mean hair counts (17.9 ± 13.2%; p < 0.001) and mean hair thickness (13.5 ± 10.7%; p < 0.001). Comparison analyses between the two groups revealed that combined therapy with PRP and PDRN induces greater improvement in hair thickness than treatment with PDRN therapy alone (p = 0.031), but not in hair counts (p > 0.05). The pilot animal study revealed significant up‐regulation of WNT, platelet‐derived growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor expression in rabbit skin treated with the PRP preparation, compared with control skin. In conclusion, intra‐perifollicular injections of autologous PRP and/or PDRN generate improvements in hair thickness and density in FPHL patients.