bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
:envihab Institut für Luft‐ und Raumfahrtmedizin Köln
Authors: Klingelhöfer Tina 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie große Flexibilität für wechselnde wissenschaftliche Anforderungen wird durch ein weitspannendes, raumhohes und umlaufend auskragendes Stahlfachwerk ermöglicht. Der steife Dachkörper ruht auf regelmäßig angeordneten Stahlverbundstützen in der Nutzebene. Der Synergieeffekt aus der doppelten Funktion des Daches als Tragwerk und großzügiger Technikzentrale trägt zur Nachhaltigkeit des Gebäudes bei. Die flächig angeordneten technischen Anlagen erlauben die individuelle Anbindung der einzelnen Module, die Belegung kann sich den wandelnden Wissenschaftsanforderungen anpassen und vielfältige Nutzungsszenarien ermöglichen. Im Beitrag wird aus der Sicht der ausführenden Stahlbaufirma Christmann :envihab Institute for aviation and space medicine Cologne – Zero gravity build with steel. The great flexibility for changing scientific demands is made possible with a long spanning, story high and circumferentially cantilevering steel lattice. The stiff roof structure rests on regularly arranged composite columns in the actual building space below. The synergy effect of the double function as roof structure and spacious utility floor contributes to the sustainability of the building. The distributed technical equipment allows the individual connection of modules, which can be adjusted according to changing scientific requirements and hence allows various utilization scenarios. In this paper the technical challenges are described from the point of view of the steel contractor Christmann
Gravity wave emission in an atmosphere-like configuration of the differentially heated rotating annulus experiment
Authors: Borchert Sebastian , Achatz Ulrich , Fruman Mark D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA finite-volume model of the classic differentially heated rotating annulus experiment is used to study the spontaneous emission of gravity waves (GWs) from jet stream imbalances, which may be an important source of these waves in the atmosphere and for which no satisfactory parameterisation exists. Experiments were performed using a classic laboratory configuration as well as using a much wider and shallower annulus with a much larger temperature difference between the inner and outer cylinder walls. The latter configuration is more atmosphere-like, in particular since the Brunt–Väisälä frequency is larger than the inertial frequency, resulting in more realistic GW dispersion properties. In both experiments, the model is initialised with a baroclinically unstable axisymmetric state established using a two-dimensional version of the code, and a low-azimuthal-mode baroclinic wave featuring a meandering jet is allowed to develop. Possible regions of GW activity are identified by the horizontal velocity divergence and a modal decomposition of the small-scale structures of the flow. Results indicate GW activity in both annulus configurations close to the inner cylinder wall and within the baroclinic wave. The former is attributable to boundary layer instabilities, while the latter possibly originates in part from spontaneous GW emission from the baroclinic wave.
Interfacial instabilities in sediment suspension flows
Authors: Abedi Maryam , Jalali Mir Abbas , Maleki Maniya 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report the existence of interfacial instability in the two-dimensional channel flow of a sediment suspension whose particles diffuse in the carrier fluid due to shear-induced collisions. We derive partial differential equations that govern the deformations of the interface between the sediment suspension and the clear fluid, and devise a perturbation method that preserves the positivity of the particle volume fraction. We solve perturbed momentum, particle transport and deforming interface equations to show that a Kelvin–Helmholtz-type unstable wave develops at the interface for wavelengths longer than a critical value. Short-wavelength oscillations of the interface are damped due to shear-induced diffusion of particles. We also show that the lowest critical Reynolds number, above which the interface is unstable, occurs for intermediate values of the total volume fraction of particles.
Local boundary layer scales in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Scheel Janet D. , Schumacher Jörg 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe compute fully local boundary layer scales in three-dimensional turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection. These scales are directly connected to the highly intermittent fluctuations of the fluxes of momentum and heat at the isothermal top and bottom walls and are statistically distributed around the corresponding mean thickness scales. The local boundary layer scales also reflect the strong spatial inhomogeneities of both boundary layers due to the large-scale, but complex and intermittent, circulation that builds up in closed convection cells. Similar to turbulent boundary layers, we define inner scales based on local shear stress that can be consistently extended to the classical viscous scales in bulk turbulence, e.g. the Kolmogorov scale, and outer scales based on slopes at the wall. We discuss the consequences of our generalization, in particular the scaling of our inner and outer boundary layer thicknesses and the resulting shear Reynolds number with respect to the Rayleigh number. The mean outer thickness scale for the temperature field is close to the standard definition of a thermal boundary layer thickness. In the case of the velocity field, under certain conditions the outer scale follows a scaling similar to that of the Prandtl–Blasius type definition with respect to the Rayleigh number, but differs quantitatively. The friction coefficient$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}c_{\epsilon }$scaling is found to fall right between the laminar and turbulent limits, which indicates that the boundary layer exhibits transitional behaviour. Additionally, we conduct an analysis of the recently suggested dissipation layer thickness scales versus the Rayleigh number and find a transition in the scaling. All our investigations are based on highly accurate spectral element simulations that reproduce gradients and their fluctuations reliably. The study is done for a Prandtl number of$\mathit{Pr}=0.7$and for Rayleigh numbers that extend over almost five orders of magnitude,$3\times 10^5\le \mathit{Ra} \le 10^{10}$, in cells with an aspect ratio of one. We also performed one study with an aspect ratio equal to three in the case of$\mathit{Ra}=10^8$. For both aspect ratios, we find that the scale distributions depend on the position at the plates where the analysis is conducted.
ON THE PRIME GRAPH OF SIMPLE GROUPS
Authors: BURNESS TIMOTHY C. , COVATO ELISA 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLet $G$ be a finite group, let ${\it\pi}(G)$ be the set of prime divisors of $|G|$ and let ${\rm\Gamma}(G)$ be the prime graph of $G$. This graph has vertex set ${\it\pi}(G)$, and two vertices $r$ and $s$ are adjacent if and only if $G$ contains an element of order $rs$. Many properties of these graphs have been studied in recent years, with a particular focus on the prime graphs of finite simple groups. In this note, we determine the pairs $(G,H)$, where $G$ is simple and $H$ is a proper subgroup of $G$ such that ${\rm\Gamma}(G)={\rm\Gamma}(H)$.
BMI gain and insulin resistance among school-aged children: a population-based longitudinal study in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Lourenço Barbara H. , Gimeno Suely G. A. , Cardoso Marly A. ,   for the ACTION Study Team
Published: October 2014

Investigation of the determinants of metabolic outcomes associated with non-communicable diseases is increasingly important in developing countries, but such parameters have not been explored extensively during childhood. The present study assessed the impact of weight gain, measured as BMI-for-age Z-scores, on glucose and insulin concentrations, homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure during school years among Amazonian children. A population-based prospective study of 696 children aged >4 to ≤ 10 years with complete anthropometric information at baseline (51 % females and 86 % of mixed race) was carried out; 411 children had data on metabolic parameters after a median follow-up period of 2·0 years (range 1·7–2·6 years). During follow-up, there was a significant increase in the proportion of overweight children (BMI-for-age Z-score >1) from 10·1 to 15·8 % (P= 0·003). In linear regression models adjusted for the child's sex, age, race/ethnicity, baseline household wealth, birth weight and pubertal development stage, for each unit of BMI-for-age Z-score variation during follow-up, an increase of 8·58 (95 % CI 7·68, 9·60) pmol/l in fasting plasma insulin concentrations and 1·47 (95 % CI 1·30, 1·66) in HOMA-IR values was observed. There was no significant impact of weight gain on glucose concentrations and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, we found evidence that an increase in BMI during a 2-year period affected insulin resistance during school years. Considering the significant increase in overweight in this age group, special attention should be paid to monitoring increases in BMI in children from the Brazilian Amazon.
Legitimacy faultlines in international society: The responsibility to protect and prosecute after Libya
Authors: RALPH JASON , GALLAGHER ADRIAN 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThere is a perceived legitimacy deficit in contemporary international society. A symptom of this is the political contestation surrounding the 2011 Libyan crisis and its influence on the 2011–13 Syrian crisis. This involved criticism being levelled at the coalition led by the so-called Permanent-3 for the way they implemented the protection of civilians mandate, as well as for the referral of the Libyan situation to the International Criminal Court. How the P3 respond to these developments will be driven in part by how this ‘legitimacy fault line’ is interpreted. The purpose of this article is to first give an interpretation that is informed by the work of contemporary English School scholars and the political theorists they draw on; and second to provide the context in which specific policy recommendations may guide the response of the P3 states. We argue that because the new legitimacy fault line divides on the procedural question ofwho decides howinternational society should meet its responsibilities rather than substantive disagreements aboutwhatthose responsibilities are (that is, human protection and justice) the challenge to the liberal agenda of the P3 is not radical. However, we also argue that ignoring the procedural concerns of the African and BRICS states is not outcome neutral and could in fact do harm to both the ICC and the wider implementation of R2P. We consider two proposals for procedural reform and examine how the P3 response would impact on their claim to be good international citizens.
Responses of physically abused boys to interadult anger involving their mothers
Authors: Cummings E. Mark , Hennessy Kevin D. , Rabideau Gerald J. , Cicchetti Dante 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study reports observationally based assessments of the responses of physically abused and nonabused boys to interadult anger involving their mothers. Physically abused boys were more behaviorally reactive to interadult anger than comparison subjects, evidencing more problem-focused coping behaviors and greater aggressiveness. Thus, rather than habituating to others' hostility due to their history of exposure to familial violence, abused children appeared more aroused and angered by it and more motivated to intervene. As the matched low-socioeconomic status nonmaltreated sample was also exposed to interparent physical aggression, the results suggest that greater anger and aggression across multiple family subsystems (parent-child, interparental) may have cumulative effects. The study thus advances knowledge toward a more specific process-based understanding of relations between history of family conflict and child outcomes.
Breeding ecology and predictors of nest success in the Critically Endangered Ridgway’s HawkButeo ridgwayi
Authors: WOOLAVER LANCE G. , NICHOLS RINA K. , MORTON EUGENE S. , STUTCHBURY BRIDGET J. M. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryRidgway’s HawkButeo ridgwayiis a Critically Endangered forest raptor endemic to the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean. The species is currently limited to a small area on the north-east coast of the island, with fewer than 110 pairs remaining. From 2005 to 2009 we studied its breeding ecology, finding that Ridgway’s Hawks have a clutch size (2.0 ± 0.4 eggs) similar to other tropical raptors and islandButeospecies. Fledging rate of 0.64 fledglings per active nest (fledgling nest-1) with pairs raising a single brood per year was also similar to that of other tropicalButeospecies. Nest success was 40% (n= 151), with the majority of nest failures caused by human disturbance. The two significant predictors of nest success and fledging rate were related to human persecution: nest height and territory disturbance index. Pairs were able to tolerate human activity in their territory if there was no direct disturbance to the immediate nest area. Conservation planning for Ridgway’s Hawk must focus on community awareness programmes targeting local user groups within Los Haitises National Park regarding the uniqueness and endangered status of the hawk, and effective protection of the remaining karst forest in Los Haitises.
Community pharmacy as a setting for public health nutrition action: Australian nutritionists’ perspectives
Authors: Maher Judith H , Lowe John , Hughes Roger 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo explore public health nutritionists’ perceptions of nutrition and its place in community pharmacy (CP) presently and into the future; and to explore perceived opportunities, feasibility and scope of public health nutrition (PHN) interventions in CP, with a focus on maternal and infant nutrition.DesignQualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and drew on hermeneutics as the theoretical framework for analysis and interpretation.SettingQueensland, Australia.SubjectsPublic health nutritionists, identified through purposive, criterion sampling, were chosen due to (i) their role as potential stakeholders, (ii) their knowledge and emphasis on nutrition and (iii) their practice experience.ResultsOpportunities for PHN action focused primarily on actions relating to early nutrient supplementation in pregnancy and breast-feeding protection and promotion. Opportunities in CP were constrained by practitioners’ perception of (i) conflict between health care and commercial interests in CP, (ii) problematic practices in CP and (iii) values and motivations of practitioners and other stakeholders in the CP sector. Strategies were suggested to improve practices and enhance the setting from a PHN perspective. Participants suggested both collaborative and regulatory approaches to achieve settings-based changes, identifying the need for these to coexist for effective outcomes.ConclusionsPublic health nutritionists suggest that opportunities for PHN action are constrained by perceived conflicted interests and that consumers need to be adequately protected from the influence of commercial interests. PHN action in this setting needs adequate reflection on evidence as well as ethics ensuring that practices are ‘for the good’ of mothers and infants.
Neuroplastizität und Lernen über die Lebensspanne
Authors: Kaufmann Liane , von Aster Michael , Lipka Marlies , Kaufmann Liane 
Published: October 2014

Die noch relativ jungen und rasant zunehmenden Erkenntnisse zur Neuroplas-tizität sind nicht nur für Grundlagenforscher relevant (im Sinne eines sozusagen “reinen” Erkenntnisgewinns), sondern sie haben auch immense Bedeutung für die klinische Praxis. Sie lassen uns anschaulich erkennen, was im Gehirn beim Wahrnehmen, Denken, Fühlen und Handeln vor sich geht, und wie sich das Gehirn in Abhängigkeit von Übung und Erfahrung verändert. Dies hat durchaus Auswirkungen auf die Behandlung von psychischen und neurologischen Stö-rungen und stärkt im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes lern-therapeutische Konzepte. Die praktischen Implikationen dieser teilweise sehr spezifi schen und (neuro) physiologisch ausgerichteten Forschungsbefunde haben unser Verständnis von der Funktionsweise des menschlichen Gehirns dramatisch verändert und die Entwicklung neuer und effektiver Behandlungsmaßnahmen auch von altersbe-dingten und erworbenen Hirnfunktionsstörungen angeregt. Das Wissen darum, dass Lernprozesse mit tiefgreifenden Veränderungen auf neurofunktionel-ler und -struktureller Ebene einhergehen, hat unser klinisches Störungs- und Verursachungsverständnis verändert und das Bewusstsein über umwelt- und erfahrungsbedingte Einfl üsse und die restaurativen Möglichkeiten von Hirn-funktionen und -strukturen in den psychiatrischen Fächern ebenso gestärkt wie in den neurologischen. Bahnbrechend sind hier zum Beispiel jene Befunde, die zeigen, dass im Rahmen von neurologischen oder neuropsychiatrischen Erkrankungen erworbene Hirnfunktionsstörungen mit gezielten Lernanreizen – z. B. kognitivem Training oder Neurostimulation – entgegengewirkt werden kann (z. B. Hofer et al., 2014 ). Obwohl solche neuen Befunde vielversprechend sind und als Grundstein für die Entwicklung neuer Behandlungs indikationen und -methoden betrachtet werden können, gibt es noch viele offene Fragen wie jene nach den genauen Wirkmechanismen beispielsweise der Neurosti-mulation. Ebenfalls lückenhaft ist auch noch unser Verständnis der neuropro-tektiven Faktoren: das sind jene Faktoren, die als potentielle Schutzmechanis-men die neuronale Funktionsfähigkeit über die Lebensspanne erhalten. Die anwendungsbezogenen Disziplinen verdanken der Neuroplastizitätsforschung schon heute zahlreiche belebende Impulse, und man darf gespannt sein auf zukünftige Erkenntnisse. Mit der vorliegenden Schwerpunktausgabe von “Ler-nen und Lernstörungen” möchten wir unseren Lesern dieses spannende For-schungsgebiet näherbringen und ihre Neugier auf innovative Behandlungsme-thoden stimulieren. In diesem Sinne wünschen wir anregende Lesestunden!
Quantitative Insight in Utilizing Circulating Angiogenic Factors as Biomarkers for Antiangiogenic Therapy: Systems Pharmacology Approach
Authors: Sharan S , Woo S 
Published: October 2014

Circulating angiogenic factors (CAF) like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), and sVEGFR2 have potential as biomarkers for antiangiogenic therapy. The interpretation of changes in CAF is complicated by the dynamic nature of the tumor and host cells emanating CAF in response to VEGF pathway inhibition. We developed a systems pharmacology model of anti‐VEGF agents to investigate CAF modulation by tumor and host cells, and the relationship between overall CAF changes in response to sunitinib and antitumor efficacy. This model distinguishes between the tumor cells’ contributions from tumor‐independent response to therapy and total plasma CAF correlating with antitumor activity. Altered VEGF is more likely to serve as a useful biomarker reflecting tumor responses in cancer patients whose pretreatment VEGF is higher than baseline VEGF in healthy subjects. Our findings provide a mechanistic insight into tumor modulation of angiogenic molecules, and may explain the inconsistent results found in previous biomarker studies.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e139; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.36; published online 08 October 2014
Theoretical study of stability and charge-transport properties of coronene molecule and some of its halogenated derivatives: A path to ambipolar organic-based materials?
Authors: Sancho-García J. C. , Pérez-Jiménez A. J. 
Published: October 2014

We have carefully investigated the structural and electronic properties of coronene and some of its fluorinated and chlorinated derivatives, including full periphery substitution, as well as the preferred orientation of the non-covalent dimer structures subsequently formed. We have paid particular attention to a set of methodological details, to first obtain single-molecule magnitudes as accurately as possible, including next the use of modern dispersion-corrected methods to tackle the corresponding non-covalently bound dimers. Generally speaking, this class of compounds is expected to self-assembly in neighboring π-stacks with dimer stabilization energies ranging from –20 to –30 kcal mol−1 at close distances around 3.0–3.3 Å. Then, in a further step, we have also calculated hole and electron transfer rates of some suitable candidates for ambipolar materials, and corresponding charge mobility values, which are known to critically depend on the supramolecular organization of the samples. For coronene and per-fluorinated coronene, we have found high values for their hopping rates, although slightly smaller for the latter due to an increase (decrease) of the reorganization energies (electronic couplings).
Tracking sustainable development with a national barometer for South Africa using a downscaled “safe and just space” framework
Authors: Cole Megan J. , Bailey Richard M. , New Mark G. 
Published: October 2014

SignificanceWe have downscaled planetary boundaries and applied the “safe and just space for humanity” framework at the national scale, for the first time, creating a “barometer” for inclusive sustainable development for South Africa. The barometer presents the state and trajectory of a broad but manageable set of indicators for environmental and social priorities, and highlights the country’s proximity to environmental boundaries and the distance from eradication of social deprivation. This creates a monitoring and communication tool for national government for thinking in an integrated manner about environmental and social-development issues. Our case study provides insight into the challenges and complexities of developing indicators and targets for the proposed global Sustainable Development Goals that that are globally, regionally, and nationally relevant.
Optineurin is an autophagy receptor for damaged mitochondria in parkin-mediated mitophagy that is disrupted by an ALS-linked mutation
Authors: Wong Yvette C. , Holzbaur Erika L. F. 
Published: October 2014

SignificanceIn mitophagy, damaged mitochondria recruit parkin to ubiquitinate proteins on the outer mitochondrial membrane, targeting mitochondria for autophagosome engulfment and degradation. However, the proteins involved in mediating autophagosome formation to degrade damaged and ubiquitinated mitochondria remain unknown. We used live cell imaging to demonstrate that optineurin is actively recruited to parkin-labeled ubiquitinated mitochondria and is stabilized by its ubiquitin binding domain. Optineurin binds the autophagosome protein LC3 (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3), and this binding recruits autophagosome assembly around damaged mitochondria. We find that the E478G optineurin mutation, causative for the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, disrupts autophagosome recruitment. As mutations in parkin are linked to Parkinson’s disease, this study indicates that defects in a single mitochondrial degradation pathway lead to neurodegenerative diseases with distinct pathologies.