bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faith as Conversation
Authors: Marti Gerardo , Ganiel Gladys 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Emerging Christians have taken to calling their movement a conversation. This chapter emphasizes the value placed on dialogue and discussion within the Emerging Church Movement (ECM). Drawing on the literature on institutional entrepreneurship, the chapter argues that understanding how religious institutional entrepreneurs use discourses helps explain the effectiveness of the faith as conversation approach of the ECM. The conversation of the ECM is an almost paradigmatic example of the type of meaning work that includes theorizing, mythologizing, valorizing, and demonizing to undermine previously held assumptions and beliefs and to justify change, activity central to studies of institutional entrepreneurship. We also analyze the content of the ECM conversation, focusing on the importance placed on asking questions and distinct ideas about the nature of truth, embracing doubt, and the nature of God, exploring how these ideas shape Emerging Christians’ religious orientations. Ongoing conversation is in itself a mechanism or a strategy to maintain a plurality of identities and positions within emerging congregations. Emerging Christians are collective institutional entrepreneurs, using religious discourses to interrogate conventional Christianity and to create congregations where they can say what’s really on their minds.
FamLBL: detecting rare haplotype disease association based on common SNPs using case-parent triads
Authors: Wang Meng , Lin Shili 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Motivation: In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) amassed in genome-wide association studies to investigate rare haplotype effects on complex diseases. Evidence has suggested that rare haplotypes may tag rare causal single-nucleotide variants, making SNP-based rare haplotype analysis not only cost effective, but also more valuable for detecting causal variants. Although a number of methods for detecting rare haplotype association have been proposed in recent years, they are population based and thus susceptible to population stratification.
Results: We propose family-triad-based logistic Bayesian Lasso (famLBL) for estimating effects of haplotypes on complex diseases using SNP data. By choosing appropriate prior distribution, effect sizes of unassociated haplotypes can be shrunk toward zero, allowing for more precise estimation of associated haplotypes, especially those that are rare, thereby achieving greater detection power. We evaluate famLBL using simulation to gauge its type I error and power. Compared with its population counterpart, LBL, highlights famLBL’s robustness property in the presence of population substructure. Further investigation by comparing famLBL with Family-Based Association Test (FBAT) reveals its advantage for detecting rare haplotype association.
Availability and implementation: famLBL is implemented as an R-package available at http://www.stat.osu.edu/∼statgen/SOFTWARE/LBL/ .
Contact: shili@stat.osu.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Minimally Invasive Surgery in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Sarwahi Vishal , Horn Jonathan J. , Kulkarni Preethi M. , Wollowick Adam L. , Lo Yungtai , Gambassi Melanie , Amaral Terry D. 
Published: May 2014

Study Design:
This is a retrospective controlled study.

Objective:
To compare the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for the surgical management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) to the standard open posterior approach (PSF).

Summary of Background Data:
MIS approaches offer the potential to reduce soft-tissue trauma, intraoperative blood loss, and surgical-site infection. Thus far, MIS has been successfully utilized for the surgical correction of multilevel spine pathology in adults. It is not yet known if these results can be replicated in the surgical management of AIS.

Materials and Methods:
Seven MIS patients were compared with 15 PSF patients using minimum 2-year follow-up data. Parameters studied included preoperative patient and deformity characteristics, perioperative details, extent of deformity correction, and complications. Data were compared using Mann-Whitney tests for continuous variables and Fisher exact tests for categorical variables.

Results:
The MIS and PSF groups were similar for all preoperative characteristics collected (P>0.05). MIS patients had fewer fixation points (P=0.015), but a longer median operative time (P=0.011). There was no significant difference in estimated blood loss (EBL) (P=0.051), EBL/fixation point (P=0.204), or amount of fluids administered (P=0.888). Postoperative recovery did not differ between the 2 groups in number of intensive care unit days (P=0.362), length of hospital stay (P=0.472), time to mobilization (P=1.00), Visual Analogue Scale pain scores (P=0.698), or patient-controlled analgesia (P=1.00). The MIS technique had similar deformity correction, screw placement accuracy, and fusion status when compared with the PSF group. MIS patients had lower blood transfusion rate (P=0.02), shorter fusion (P=0.046) and fewer pedicle screws (P=0.015).

Conclusions:
The short-term advantages seen in MIS for adult scoliosis were not as obvious in our series. We found similar deformity correction and adequate fusion, however shortcomings related to learning curve, and instrumentation persist. MIS surgery is an innovative treatment for AIS that is technically feasible with significantly lower transfusion rate, shorter fusion lenghts and lesser pedicle screw fixation. Despite these advanatges, its role in AIS is currently difficut to define.
The distribution of deleterious genetic variation in human populations
Authors: Lohmueller Kirk E. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTPopulation genetic studies suggest that most amino-acid changing mutations are deleterious. Such mutations are of tremendous interest in human population genetics as they are important for the evolutionary process and may contribute risk to common disease. Genomic studies over the past 5 years have documented differences across populations in the number of heterozygous deleterious genotypes, numbers of homozygous derived deleterious genotypes, number of deleterious segregating sites and proportion of sites that are potentially deleterious. These differences have been attributed to population history affecting the ability of natural selection to remove deleterious variants from the population. However, recent studies have suggested that the genetic load may not differ across populations, and that the efficacy of natural selection has not differed across human populations. Here I show that these observations are not incompatible with each other and that the apparent differences are due to examining different features of the genetic data and differing definitions of terms.
Inference of phenotype-defining functional modules of protein families for microbial plant biomass degraders
Authors: Konietzny S. G. A. , Pope P. B. , Weimann A. , McHardy A. C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundEfficient industrial processes for converting plant lignocellulosic materials into biofuels are a key challenge in global efforts to use alternative energy sources to fossil fuels. Novel cellulolytic enzymes have been discovered from microbial genomes and metagenomes of microbial communities. However, the identification of relevant genes without known homologs, and elucidation of the lignocellulolytic pathways and protein complexes for different microorganisms remain a challenge.ResultsWe describe a new computational method for the targeted discovery of functional modules of plant biomass-degrading protein families based on their co-occurrence patterns across genomes and metagenome datasets, and the strength of association of these modules with the genomes of known degraders. From more than 6.4 million family annotations for 2884 microbial genomes and 332 taxonomic bins from 18 metagenomes, we identified five functional modules that are distinctive for plant biomass degraders, which we call plant biomass degradation modules (PDMs). These modules incorporated protein families involved in the degradation of cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins, structural components of the cellulosome and additional families with potential functions in plant biomass degradation. The PDMs could be linked to 81 gene clusters in genomes of known lignocellulose degraders, including previously described clusters of lignocellulolytic genes. On average, 70% of the families of each PDM mapped to gene clusters in known degraders, which served as an additional confirmation of their functional relationships. The presence of a PDM in a genome or taxonomic metagenome bin allowed us to predict an organism’s ability for plant biomass degradation accurately. For 15 draft genomes of a cow rumen metagenome, we validated by cross-linking with confirmed cellulolytic enzymes that the PDMs identified plant biomass degraders within a complex microbial community.ConclusionsFunctional modules of protein families that realize different aspects of plant cell wall degradation can be inferred from co-occurrence patterns across (meta)genomes with a probabilistic topic model. The PDMs represent a new resource of protein families and candidate genes implicated in microbial plant biomass degradation. They can be used to predict the ability to degrade plant biomass for a genome or taxonomic bin. The method would also be suitable for characterizing other microbial phenotypes.
Colletotrichum orbiculare Secretes Virulence Effectors to a Biotrophic Interface at the Primary Hyphal Neck via Exocytosis Coupled with SEC22-Mediated Traffic
Authors: Irieda Hiroki , Maeda Hitomi , Akiyama Kaoru , Hagiwara Asuka , Saitoh Hiromasa , Uemura Aiko , Terauchi Ryohei , Takano Yoshitaka 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The hemibiotrophic pathogen Colletotrichum orbiculare develops biotrophic hyphae inside cucumber (Cucumis sativus) cells via appressorial penetration; later, the pathogen switches to necrotrophy. C. orbiculare also expresses specific effectors at different stages. Here, we found that virulence-related effectors of C. orbiculare accumulate in a pathogen–host biotrophic interface. Fluorescence-tagged effectors accumulated in a ring-like region around the neck of the biotrophic primary hyphae. Fluorescence imaging of cellular components and transmission electron microscopy showed that the ring-like signals of the effectors localized at the pathogen–plant interface. Effector accumulation at the interface required induction of its expression during the early biotrophic phase, suggesting that transcriptional regulation may link to effector localization. We also investigated the route of effector secretion to the interface. An exocytosis-related component, the Rab GTPase SEC4, localized to the necks of biotrophic primary hyphae adjacent to the interface, thereby suggesting focal effector secretion. Disruption of SEC4 in C. orbiculare reduced virulence and impaired effector delivery to the ring signal interface. Disruption of the v-SNARE SEC22 also reduced effector delivery. These findings suggest that biotrophy-expressed effectors are secreted, via the endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi route and subsequent exocytosis, toward the interface generated between C. orbiculare and the host cell.
How loan interest rate liberalization affects firms’ loan maturity structure
Authors: Zhou Jianfang , Wang Jingjing , Ding Jianping 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– After loan interest rate upper limit deregulation in October 2004, the financing environment in China changed dramatically, and the banks were eligible for risk compensation. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the influence of the loan interest rate liberalization on firms’ loan maturity structure.

Design/methodology/approach
– Based on Rajan's (1992) model, the authors constructed a trade-off model of how the banks choose long-term and short-term loans scales, and further analyzed banks’ loan term decisions under the loan interest rate upper limit deregulation or collateral cases. Then the authors used an unbalanced panel data set of 586 Chinese listed manufacturing companies and 9,376 observations during the period 1996-2011 to testify the theoretical conclusion. Furthermore, the authors studied the effect on firms with different characteristics of ownership or scale.

Findings
– The results show that the loan interest rate liberalization significantly decreases the private companies’ reliance on short-term loans and increases sensitivity to interest rates of state-owned companies’ long-term loans. But the results also show that the companies’ ownership still plays a key role on the long-term loans availability. When monetary policy tightened, small companies still have to borrow short-term loans for long-term purposes. As the bank industry is still dominated by state-owned banks and the deposit interest rate has upper limits, the effect of the loan interest rate liberalization on easing long-term credit constraints is limited.

Originality/value
– From a new perspective, the content and findings of this paper contribute to the study of the effect of the interest rate liberalization on China economy.
Ant colony optimization for the topological design of interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines
Authors: S. Batista Lucas , Campelo Felipe , G. Guimarães Frederico , A. Ramírez Jaime , Li Min , A. Lowther David 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to apply an Ant colony optimization approach for the solution of the topological design of interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines.

Design/methodology/approach
– The IPM motor design domain is discretized into a suitable equivalent graph representation and an Ant System (AS) algorithm is employed to achieve an efficient distribution of materials into this graph.

Findings
– The single-objective problems associated with the maximization of the torque and with the maximization of the shape smoothness of the IPM are investigated. The rotor of the device is discretized into a 9×18 grid in both cases, and three different materials are considered: air, iron and permanent magnet.

Research limitations/implications
– The graph representation used enables the solution of topological design problems with an arbitrary number of materials, which is relevant for 2 and 3D problems.

Originality/value
– From the numerical experiments, the AS algorithm was able to achieve reasonable shapes and torque values for both design problems. The results show the relevance of the mechanism for multi-domain topology optimization of electromagnetic devices.
Decomposition based least squares iterative estimation algorithm for output error moving average systems
Authors: Zhang Wenge 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to solve the heavy computational problem of parameter estimation algorithm.

Design/methodology/approach
– Presents a decomposition least squares based iterative identification algorithm.

Findings
– Can estimate the parameters for linear or pseudo-linear systems and have lower computational burden.

Originality/value
– This paper adopts a decomposition technique to solve engineering computation problems and offers a potential and efficient algorithm.
Mixed convection boundary layer flow past a vertical flat plate embedded in a non-Darcy porous medium saturated by a nanofluid
Authors: C. Roşca Natalia , V. Roşca Alin , Groşan Teodor , Pop Ioan 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to numerically solve the problem of steady mixed convection boundary layer flow past a vertical flat plate embedded in a fluid-saturated porous medium filled by a nanofluid. The non-Darcy equation model along with the mathematical nanofluid model proposed by Tiwari and Das (2007) has been used.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using appropriate similarity transformations, the basic partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations. These equations have been solved numerically for different values of the nanoparticle volume fraction, the mixed convection and the non-Darcy parameters using the bvp4c function from Matlab. A stability analysis has been also performed.

Findings
– Numerical results are obtained for the reduced skin-friction, heat transfer and for the velocity and temperature profiles. The results indicate that dual solutions exist for the opposing flow case (λ<0). The stability analysis indicates that for the opposing flow case, the lower solution branch is unstable, while the upper solution branch is stable. In addition, it is shown that for a regular fluid (φ=0) a very good agreement exists between the present numerical results and those reported in the open literature.

Research limitations/implications
– The problem is formulated for three types of nanoparticles, namely, copper (Cu), alumina (Al2O3) and titania (TiO2). However, the paper present results here only for the Cu nanoparticles. The analysis reveals that the boundary layer separates from the plate. Beyond the turning point it is not possible to get the solution based on the boundary-layer approximations. To obtain further solutions, the full basic partial differential equations have to be solved.

Practical implications
– Nanofluids have many practical applications, for example, the production of nanostructured materials, engineering of complex fluids, for cleaning oil from surfaces due to their excellent wetting and spreading behavior, etc.

Social implications
– Nanofluids could be applied to almost any disease treatment techniques by reengineering the nanoparticle properties.

Originality/value
– The present results are original and new for the boundary-layer flow and heat transfer past a vertical flat plate embedded in a porous medium saturated by a nanofluid. Therefore, this study would be important for the researchers working in porous media in order to become familiar with the flow behavior and properties of such nanofluids.
Hybrid lesson study: extending lesson study on-line
Authors: D. Nickerson Susan , Fredenberg Michael , Kinsella Druken Bridget 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– Lesson study in the USA provides a space for teachers to discuss classroom teaching with a goal of improving student learning. In general, US teachers’ professional lives are constrained by a lack of time for planning and observation. Within a lesson study context, we designed and utilized a web site to support and extend collaboration among teachers of mathematics at 26 school sites across two school districts. The purpose of this paper is to describe the lesson study context and share results of the investigation and affordances of the web site.Design/methodology/approach– Through the use of a survey, discourse analysis, and grounded theory, we examined how teachers used the web site and how best to foster regular and inclusive participation.Findings– The results reveal the web site spans time and distance. A significant percentage of the teachers used the web site for accessing resources, while a smaller fraction of teachers used the web site to discuss pedagogy and students’ mathematical thinking.Originality/value– The work expands the descriptive knowledge base of lesson study efforts in the US with the hybrid lesson study model that addresses the time constraints of US teachers. Also, the work addresses the challenge of geographical distance associated with facilitating communication among teachers from multiple sites.
Learning to learn from teaching: a first-hand account of lesson study in Japan
Authors: A. Ermeling Bradley , Graff-Ermeling Genevieve 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– Over the last 15 years, Japanese lesson study has attracted growing interest as an alternative to conventional teacher professional development. Despite its popularity and results, the descriptive knowledge base of authentic lesson study in Japan is still limited to a few cases from elementary math and science teachers. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the expansion of the lesson study descriptive knowledge base by offering a first-hand account of two American educators’ experience with lesson study at the secondary level while working as licensed teachers in a Japanese school.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using an autoethnographic case study methodology, the authors document their personal experience working through a complete lesson study cycle with a ninth grade English course in Japan, systematically reconstructed from field texts and deliberate co-construction techniques.

Findings
– The paper describes significant cognitive and socio-cultural adjustments that were required to participate in the process, and highlights essential skills and mindsets for lesson study: fashioning a coherent lesson storyline, articulating and testing working hypotheses, relying on evidence to guide planning and reflection, embracing collective ownership of improvement, and persisting with problems over time.

Originality/value
– This first-hand account provides a distinctive inside look at lesson study from an American perspective and offers a rare description of Japan-based lesson study at the secondary level. The detailed records and insights contribute to researchers and practitioners emerging understanding of prerequisite skills for lesson study.
It pays to be happy (if you are a man)
Authors: Mishra Vinod , Smyth Russell 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to use cross-sectional data collected from six cities in China to examine the relationship between subjective wellbeing and male and female earnings and also to consider the contribution of differences in subjective wellbeing to explaining the gender wage gap.Design/methodology/approach– The paper uses survey data for 3,390 respondents working in a variety of blue collar and white collar jobs across a range of sectors including government, heavy and light manufacturing, mining and services in six Chinese cities: Chengdu, Dalian, Fushun, Fuxin, Fuzhou and Wuhan. The authors employ the ordinary least squares, Lewbel instrumental variable and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition to econometrically analyze the relationship between subjective wellbeing and gender wage gap.Findings– The paper finds that the relationship between subjective wellbeing and wages is stronger for males than females. The authors note that 0.2 percent of the observed gender wage gap can be attributed to differences in mean subjective wellbeing in favor of females, while 53.5 percent can be ascribed to gender differences in returns to subjective wellbeing in favor of males. The paper also finds evidence that the relationship between subjective wellbeing and income is non-linear and that income peaks at higher levels of subjective wellbeing for men than women.Originality/value– The paper extends the existing literature in three important ways. First, the authors use a novel identification strategy, proposed by Lewbel (2012); second it uses a better measure for subjective wellbeing and third, it examine the role of differences in subjective wellbeing in explaining the gender wage gap.