bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients' and carers' experiences of UK memory services
Authors: Hailey Emma , Hodge Sophie , Burns Alistair , Orrell Martin 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to test the validity of an accreditation programme for memory services in the UK by investigating whether different levels of accreditation status (excellent compared with accredited) are reflected in patients' and carers' reported satisfaction.MethodA comparison of survey data from patient and carer feedback questionnaires collected from services as part of the accreditation process.ResultsFive hundred and eighty‐three patient questionnaires and 663 carer questionnaires were returned from 41 services. Patients and carers who attended memory services which were later ‘accredited as excellent’, were more likely than those who had visited ‘accredited’ services to have: been given written information about a variety of topics; been asked for feedback about using the memory service; and had found it easier to get to their appointments. Carers attending services accredited as excellent were more likely to have been offered an assessment of their needs.ConclusionPatients and carers had very good experiences of memory services overall whether they had standard or excellent accreditation. However, ‘excellent’ services were consistently better on a number of factors. This provides further support that the accreditation process is an important indicator of the quality of memory services. Copyright 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Buyer's Market? Fixing the Price for Human Ova for Assisted Reproduction
Authors: Johnson Sandra H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Wall Street Journal article “Putting a Price on a Human Egg” triggered extensive media coverage of a rather unusual challenge to payments made to women providing ova for use in assisted reproduction. In Kamakahi v. American Society for Reproductive Medicine and Society for Assisted Reproductive Technologies, plaintiffs claim that ASRM and SART policies adopting limits on such payments violate the federal antitrust prohibition against price fixing.In 2007, an ASRM Ethics Committee Report, confirming a 2000 report, asserted that, “[a]lthough there is no consensus on the precise payment that oocyte donors should receive, at this time sums of $5,000 or more require justification and sums above $10,000 are not appropriate.” SART is an affiliate organization of ASRM and counts as its members 90 percent of the clinics providing assisted reproductive technologies in the United States. SART requires that its members “[adhere] to all ASRM/SART Guidelines including ethical, practice, advertising, and laboratory.” The plaintiffs in Kamakahi claim that the agreement among SART members to abide by the ASRM policy restricts competition among agencies procuring oocytes and produces lower payments than women would otherwise be able to negotiate. It is through the requirement that SART members adhere to ASRM ethical guidelines that ethics goes to market and encounters antitrust law.Ethicists continue to debate whether payment for oocytes inappropriately commodifies the human body, and ASRM policy consistently refers to their procurement as the “donation process” and to women who participate as “donors.” Nevertheless, in the context of antitrust law, the procurement of oocytes is a business and clearly falls within the reach of antitrust restrictions on business conduct.
A Vaping Matter: E‐cigarette Use in Health Care Organizations
Authors: Bean Sally , Smith Maxwell J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAlthough there is no federal legislation yet on e‐cigarettes, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration proposed regulations in April 2014 that would prohibit sales of e‐cigarettes to anyone under eighteen and require that they be approved by the FDA as a tobacco product and carry warning labels for consumers on their packaging. (The proposed regulations have been characterized as conservative, however, because they do not restrict e‐cigarettes that are fruit or candy flavored or restrict advertising, which tends to target young consumers.) Only three U.S. states have extended the same restrictions placed on tobacco products to e‐cigarettes; however, eighteen states have passed legislation enacting use restrictions on venues such as schools, state property, or workplaces. Until there is applicable legislation at the federal, state, or municipal levels, health care organizations will have to develop institutional policies if they wish to consistently address the use of e‐cigarettes by patients and visitors on their property.
“Lethal” Fetal Anomalies and Elective Cesarean
Authors: Mayor Mejebi T. , White Amina 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDeborah is a thirty‐three‐year‐old who presented to labor and delivery at thirty‐seven weeks gestation with complaints of contractions. Upon arrival, she explained that her fetus, Nathan, had been diagnosed with a “lethal” condition by her primary obstetrician. At twenty‐two weeks gestation, an amniocentesis confirmed trisomy 13, a chromosomal abnormality leading to miscarriage or stillbirth in nearly one‐half of affected pregnancies. During the admission process, Deborah voices the worry that due to Nathan's brain and heart structure, vaginal delivery could be traumatic and cause him to suffer. Deborah wishes for him to have as painless and as dignified a death as possible; cesarean section, she feels, will achieve this. Yet with her history of three prior vaginal deliveries, normally progressing labor, and poor fetal prognosis that is unlikely to improve with cesarean delivery, there is no maternal or fetal indication for a cesarean section. Should the obstetrician proceed with a cesarean delivery despite knowing that it would expose the mother to surgical risks with little or no corresponding fetal or neonatal benefit?
The Misregulation of Research?
Authors: Resnik David B. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractVery few people who read Carl Schneider's The Censor's Hand: The Misregulation of Human‐Subject Research (MIT Press, 2015) will have a neutral opinion of his book. Schneider defends the radical thesis that the system of regulating human subjects research is not just broken but deeply misguided and therefore needs to be abolished. While some researchers who are frustrated with the current regime will welcome Schneider's scathing critiques of institutional review boards and the regulations they enforce, those who view the status quo as a necessary, though perhaps flawed, means of protecting human subjects will recoil from his arguments and conclusions. Schneider rejects reform efforts, such as the proposed revisions to the Common Rule, as likely to be short‐lived and ineffective. He argues that professional self‐regulation and tort law can do a better job of protecting human subjects and advancing research than government regulation.
Waving Goodbye to Waivers of Consent
Authors: Botkin Jeffrey R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Common Rule governs research on human subjects and attempts to balance respect for individual decision-making with efficiency when research risks are low. The regulations allow research to be conducted without consent if the data or biospecimens collected in a study are deidentified, and consent can be waived for identifiable data and biospecimens if the risks of the research are minimal and consent is deemed impracticable. These approaches have been widely used for research using clinical databases and residual clinical and research biospecimens, and they have proven remarkably successful over the past twenty-five years, if success is measured by a lack of adverse events.But the landscape is changing.
Some selected quantitative methods of thermal image analysis in Matlab
Authors: Koprowski Robert 
Published: November 2015

The paper presents a new algorithm based on some selected automatic quantitative methods for analysing thermal images. It shows the practical implementation of these image analysis methods in Matlab. It enables to perform fully automated and reproducible measurements of selected parameters in thermal images. The paper also shows two examples of the use of the proposed image analysis methods for the area of ​​the skin of a human foot and face. The full source code of the developed application is also provided as an attachment.
The main window of the program during dynamic analysis of the foot thermal image.magnified imageThe main window of the program during dynamic analysis of the foot thermal image.
Direct simulations of the linear elastic displacements field based on a lattice Boltzmann model
Authors: Yin Xianli , Yan Guangwu , Li Tingting 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn this paper, a lattice Boltzmann model for simulating linear elastic Lame equation is proposed. Differently from the classic lattice Boltzmann models, this lattice Boltzmann model is based on displacement distribution function in lattice Boltzmann equation. By using the technique of the higher‐order moments of equilibrium distribution functions and a series of partial differential equations in different time scales, we obtain the Lame equation with fourth‐order truncation errors. Based on this model, some problems with small deflection are simulated. The comparisons between the numerical results and the analytical solutions are given in detail. The numerical examples show that the lattice Boltzmann model can be used to solve problems of the linear elastic displacement field with small deflection. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nucleoporin 62 and Ca2+/calmodulin dependent kinase kinase 2 regulate androgen receptor activity in castrate resistant prostate cancer cells
Authors: Karacosta Loukia G. , Kuroski Laura A. , Hofmann Wilma A. , Azabdaftari Gissou , Mastri Michalis , Gocher Angela M. , Dai Shuhang , Hoste Allen J. , Edelman Arthur M. 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDRe‐activation of the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor (AR) is an important factor mediating progression from androgen‐responsive to castrate‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the mechanisms regulating AR activity in CRPC remain incompletely understood. Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent kinase kinase (CaMKK) 2 was previously shown to regulate AR activity in androgen‐responsive prostate cancer cells. Our objective was to further explore the basis of this regulation in CRPC cells.METHODSThe abundance of CaMKK2 in nuclear fractions of androgen‐responsive prostate cancer and CRPC, cells were determined by subcellular fractionation and Western blotting. CaMKK2 association with nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) and nucleoporins (Nups) including Nup62, were imaged by structured illumination and super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy and co‐immunoprecipitation, respectively. The abundance and subcellular localization of CaMKK2 and Nup62 in human clinical specimens of prostate cancer was visualized by immunohistochemistry. The role of Nups in the growth and viability of CRPC cells was assessed by RNA interference and cell counting. The involvement of CaMKK2 and Nup62 in regulating AR transcriptional activity was addressed by RNA interference, chromatin immunoprecipitation, androgen response element reporter assay, and Western blotting.RESULTSCaMKK2 was expressed at higher levels in the nuclear fraction of CPRC C4‐2 cells, than in that of androgen‐responsive LNCaP cells. In C4‐2 cells, CaMKK2 associated with NPCs of the nuclear envelope and physically interacted with Nup62. CaMKK2 and Nup62 demonstrated pronounced, and similar increases in both expression and perinuclear/nuclear localization in human clinical specimens of advanced prostate cancer relative to normal prostate. Knockdown of Nup62, but not of Nups, 98 or 88, reduced growth and viability of C4‐2 cells. Knockdown of Nup62 produced a greater reduction of the growth and viability of C4‐2 cells than of non‐neoplastic RWPE‐1 prostatic cells. Nup62, CaMKK2, and the AR were recruited to androgen response elements of the AR target genes, prostate specific antigen, and transmembrane protease, serine 2. Knockdown of CaMKK2 and Nup62 reduced prostate specific antigen expression and AR transcriptional activity driven by androgen response elements from the prostate‐specific probasin gene promoter.CONCLUSIONNup62 and CaMKK2 are required for optimal AR transcriptional activity and a potential mechanism for AR re‐activation in CRPC. Prostate 76:294–306, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Influence of Income, Lifestyle, and Green Spaces on Interregional Migration: Policy Implications for China
Authors: Yang Zhenshan , Cai Jianming , Qi Wei , Liu Shenghe , Deng Yu. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInterregional migration has become an important driver shaping the economic landscape in China. By using 2010 Chinese census data, this study investigates the determinants of interregional migration and their implications for regional growth, estimated using principal component analysis, and a negative binomial regression model. In particular, it measures the roles of region size, income and lifestyle, green spaces, and employment opportunities in the origin and destination regions, and distance between the two regions. In addition to confirming the continuing influence of economic indicators as well as distance (owing to high moving costs), the findings presented herein add to the policy debate by encouraging regional policymakers to consider the effects of income, lifestyle, and green spaces. A strategy based on cheap labour is no longer encouraging growth in China, while many regions are suffering from environmental degradation. To address these shortcomings, an amenities‐based growth strategy concerning income, lifestyle, and green spaces for regional development is discussed, and policy implications are suggested. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of undeclared corticosteroids in cosmetic creams
Authors: Golubović Jelena B. , Otašević Biljana M. , Protić Ana D. , Stanković Aleksandra M. , Zečević Mira L. 
Published: November 2015

RationaleUndeclared corticosteroids in creams intended for frequent use might cause serious side‐effects, especially in children. In order to prevent this or find the cause, it was essential to develop a method for quick detection and quantification of low levels of corticosteroids.MethodsEleven corticosteroids were used in this study: prednisolone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone‐21‐acetate, fluocinolone acetonide, fluocinolone acetonide‐21‐acetate, hydrocortisone‐21‐acetate, dexamethasone, betamethasone, betamethasone dipropionate, clobetasol propionate and triamcinolone. Separation was achieved via liquid chromatography (LC), and mass spectrometric analysis was conducted by electrospray ionization triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using corticosterone as internal standard.ResultsGood separation by using a gradient‐elution LC/MS/MS method with run time of 25 min enabled the use of a segmented detection method and consecutive decrease in detection limits. The proposed method has been validated in the linearity range of 10–1000 ng/mL with coefficients of determination higher than 0.990. The method has shown to have very low limits of quantification (0.75–3 ng/mL) with satisfactory precision and accuracy for each of the corticosteroids.ConclusionsAn LC/MS/MS method for the rapid and simultaneous determination of low levels of eleven topical corticosteroids in creams was developed, optimized and validated. The proposed method can be used for testing of different products indicated for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, including "natural products", and "herbal creams" with "miraculous effects". Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of stiffness properties of common coated fabrics
Authors: Uhlemann Jörg , Stranghöner Natalie , Saxe Klaus 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWoven coated fabrics commonly used for tensile membrane structures are PVC‐coated polyester fabrics and PTFE‐coated glass‐fibre fabrics. Regarding the stiffness of these materials, membrane structure experts frequently point out that glass/PTFE fabrics are “stiffer” than PES/PVC fabrics. However, this statement cannot be verified by existing literature, although numerous publications deal with the stress‐strain behaviour of coated woven fabrics. Available stress‐strain test data are almost impossible to compare, mainly because published stress‐strain data for glass/PTFE refer to materials with higher strengths than the published test data for PES/PVC materials. The aim of the present paper is to compare the stiffness properties of PES/PVC and glass/PTFE fabrics with identical tensile strength properties by means of theoretical investigations and uniaxial tensile tests. The results demonstrate that glass‐fibre fabric indeed exhibits a higher tensile stiffness than comparable polyester fabric for typical working stress ranges between the prestress level and the maximum design strength. However, for lower stress ranges up to approximately three‐quarters of the design strength, the tensile stiffness of glass‐fibre fabrics is identical with or even lower than that of comparable polyester fabric. The transverse strain is considerably higher for the glass‐fibre fabric throughout.
The Nuvola for the Nuovo Centro Congressi in Rome
Authors: Stimpfle Bernd 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn the EUR district, in the city of Rome, a complex membrane project is built, different from known tensile projects. In more than 10 years the idea of a light floating cloud inside the glazed congress centre has been developed, and is now going to be realized. This article describes the design process of shape and detail, different trial assemblies and it shows the final layout and the details.
How to get a membrane structure off the drawing board
Authors: Gibson Nick D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper highlights the processes that are required to take a membrane structure from the design stage to final fabrication. Those processes involve determining the final geometry, developing an approved seam layout, undertaking material tests to determine stretch characteristics and issuing a final set of fabrication documents. The importance of each step is highlighted and the particular issues as they relate to membrane structures are presented. Particular note is made of the benefit that previous experience in this unique form of construction has in bringing a membrane structure to a successful completion. The paper concludes with a few examples of just what can be achieved when all the final stages of fabrication are carefully followed.
Marine Metagenome as a Resource for Novel Enzymes
Authors: Alma’abadi Amani D. , Gojobori Takashi , Mineta Katsuhiko 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
More than 99% of identified prokaryotes, including many from the marine environment, cannot be cultured in the laboratory. This lack of capability restricts our knowledge of microbial genetics and community ecology. Metagenomics, the culture-independent cloning of environmental DNAs that are isolated directly from an environmental sample, has already provided a wealth of information about the uncultured microbial world. It has also facilitated the discovery of novel biocatalysts by allowing researchers to probe directly into a huge diversity of enzymes within natural microbial communities. Recent advances in these studies have led to a great interest in recruiting microbial enzymes for the development of environmentally-friendly industry. Although the metagenomics approach has many limitations, it is expected to provide not only scientific insights but also economic benefits, especially in industry. This review highlights the importance of metagenomics in mining microbial lipases, as an example, by using high-throughput techniques. In addition, we discuss challenges in the metagenomics as an important part of bioinformatics analysis in big data.
A literature review of quantitative indicators to measure the quality of labor and delivery care
Authors: Tripathi Vandana 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundStrengthening measurement of the quality of labor and delivery (L&D) care in low‐resource countries requires an understanding of existing approaches.ObjectivesTo identify quantitative indicators of L&D care quality and assess gaps in indicators.Search strategyPubMed, CINAHL Plus, and Embase databases were searched for research published in English between January 1, 1990, and October 31, 2013, using structured terms.Selection criteriaStudies describing indicators for L&D care quality assessment were included. Those whose abstracts contained inclusion criteria underwent full‐text review.Data collection and analysisStudy characteristics, including indicator selection and data sources, were extracted via a standard spreadsheet.Main resultsThe structured search identified 1224 studies. After abstract and full‐text review, 477 were included in the analysis. Most studies selected indicators by using literature review, clinical guidelines, or expert panels. Few indicators were empirically validated; most studies relied on medical record review to measure indicators.ConclusionsMany quantitative indicators have been used to measure L&D care quality, but few have been validated beyond expert opinion. There has been limited use of clinical observation in quality assessment of care processes. The findings suggest the need for validated, efficient consensus indicators of the quality of L&D care processes, particularly in low‐resource countries.
Threat of Secondary Chemical Contamination of Emergency Departments and Personnel: An Uncommon but Recurrent Problem
Authors: Larson Theodore C. , Orr Maureen F. , Auf der Heide Erik , Wu Jennifer , Mukhopadhyay Sutapa , Kevin Horton D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze acute hazardous substance release surveillance data for events involving secondary contamination of hospital emergency departments (EDs). Secondary contamination of EDs may occur when a patient exposed to a hazardous chemical is not decontaminated before arrival at the ED and when ED staff are not wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. This can result in adverse health outcomes among department personnel, other patients, and visitors. Even events without actual secondary contamination risk can be real in their consequences and require the decontamination of the ED or its occupants, evacuation, or temporary shutdown of the ED.MethodsEvents involving secondary contamination were identified by using the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system and the National Toxic Substance Incidents Program from 2007 to 2013.ResultsFive incidents involving the threat of secondary contamination (0.02% of all events reported to the surveillance systems [n=33,001]) were detected and are described. Four incidents involved suspected secondary contamination in which the facility was evacuated or shut down.ConclusionsThese results suggest that although rare, incidents involving secondary contamination continue to present a hazard for emergency departments. Suggested best practices to avoid secondary contamination have been described. Hospitals should be made aware of the risks associated with secondary contamination and the need to proactively train and equip staff to perform decontamination. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:199–202)