bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Electrophilic Cyclization of Functional Derivatives of Unsaturated Compounds. Part 3. Reaction of N,4‐Diarylbut‐3‐enamides with Arenesulfenyl Chlorides. Synthesis of 5‐Aryl‐4‐arylsulfanyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1‐benzazepin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Vas'kevich A. I. , Tsyzoryk N. M. , Staninets V. I. , Rusanov E. B. , Vovk M. V. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe reaction of N,4‐diarylbut‐3‐enamides (I), (IV), and (VI) with arenesulfenyl chlorides (II) is studied and the different underlaying mechanisms are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium‐Promoted Allylation of Alkynes with Allylic Alcohols: Highly Regioselective Synthesis of Halogen‐Substituted 1,4‐Dienes.
Authors: Yue Hui‐Lan , Ma Lei , Ji Jian‐Xin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe mild and simple reaction provides an attractive approach to a large number of halogen‐substituted 1,4‐diene derivatives in moderate to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of an in situ Carbocationic System Using Trityl Chloride as a Homogeneous Organocatalyst for the Solvent‐Free Condensation of β‐Naphthol with Aldehydes and Amides/Thioamides/Alkyl Carbamates in Neutral Media.
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , et al. et al. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA general, simple, and efficient method for the preparation of 1‐amidoalkyl‐2‐naphthols, 1‐thioamidoalkyl‐2‐naphthols, and 1‐carbamatoalkyl‐2‐naphthols is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of C60(O)3: An Open‐Cage Fullerene with a Ketolactone Moiety on the Orifice.
Authors: Xin Nana , Yang Xiaobing , Zhou Zishuo , Zhang Jianxin , Zhang Showxin , Gan Liangbing 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn addition to the four isomers currently known for the trioxygenated fullerene derivative C60(O)3, a new open‐cage isomer is prepared through a three‐step procedure mediated by a peroxide.
ChemInform Abstract: KOH‐Promoted Synthesis of Oxirane Functional Derivatives from Diethyl Bromomalonate and Aldehydes under Phase‐Transfer Catalysis Conditions.
Authors: Kryshtal Galina V. , Zhdankina Galina M. , Zlotin Sergei G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractKOH‐promoted Darzens condensation of bromomalonate (II) with aromatic or isoprenoid aldehydes (I) under PTC conditions smoothly affords oxiranedicarboxylates (III) (8 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of trans‐2,3‐Dihydrofuran Derivatives in an Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Khan Abu T. , Lal Mohan , Basha R. Sidick 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThree‐component reaction of cyclic β‐diketo compounds, aldehydes, and pyridinium ylides, generated in situ, affords heterocyclic systems which include a 2,3‐dihydrofuran unit.
ChemInform Abstract: One Pot Solvent Free Synthesis and in vitro Antitubercular Screening of 3‐Aracylphthalides Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Authors: Limaye Rohan A. , Kumbhar Virendra B. , Natu Arun D. , Paradkar Madhusudan V. , Honmore Varsha S. , Chauhan Rubia R. , Gample Suwarna P. , Sarkar Dhiman 
Published: May 2013

AbstractVarious 3‐aracylphthalide derivatives (III) (10 examples) are obtained in the reaction of 2‐carboxybenzaldehyde (I) with aromatic methyl ketones (II) in the presence of methanesulfonic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Noteworthy Mechanistic Precedence in the Exclusive Formation of One Regioisomer in the Beckmann Rearrangement of Ketoximes of 4‐Piperidones Annulated to Pyrazolo‐Indole Nucleus by Organocatalyst Derived from the TCT and DMF.
Authors: Tyagi Ruchi , Kaur Navjeet , Singh Bhawani , Kishore D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA new organocatalyst formed in situ from 2,4,6‐trichloro[1,3,5]triazine and DMF is applied to the Beckmann rearrangement to give only one regioisomer of type (V) exclusively.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Catalytic 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Nitrile Imines for the Synthesis of Chiral Spiro‐Pyrazoline‐Oxindoles.
Authors: Wang Gang , Liu Xiaohua , Huang Tianyu , Kuang Yulong , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe reaction represents the only catalytic synthesis of spiro‐pyrazoline‐oxindole derivatives in high yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,5‐Diaryl‐4‐bromopyrazoles by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of in situ Generated Diazo Compounds and 1‐Bromoalk‐1‐ynes.
Authors: Sha Qiang , Wei Yunyang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAldehyde‐derived hydrazones produce isomerization products of type (III)/(V), whereas ketone‐derived hydrazones afford cycloadducts such as (VII), (IX) or (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrazole‐3/5‐carboxylic Acids from 3/5‐Trifluoromethyl NH‐Pyrazoles.
Authors: Ermolenko Mikhail S. , Guillou Sandrine , Janin Yves L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe title compounds are obtained by use of Suzuki—Miyaura or Negishi coupling reactions followed by microwave‐assisted trifluoromethyl hydrolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Controlled, Regio‐Switchable Formation of 3‐/5‐Arylaminopyrazole Isomer in Cyclocondensation of β‐Aminoenones with Hydrazides: Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Plays a Role.
Authors: Xiang Dexuan , Bi Xihe , Liao Peiqiu , Fang Guichun , Wang Zikun , Xin Xiaoqing , Dong Dewen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe regiochemical course of the ring transformation of semicyclic β‐aminoenones (I) with methylhydrazine (II) is shown to be solvent‐controlled.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Synthesis, Characterization and Bio‐Efficacy Evaluation of Novel Chalcone Based 6‐Carbethoxy‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one and 2H‐Indazol‐3‐ol Derivatives.
Authors: Shakil N. A. , Singh Manish K. , Sathiyendiran M. , Kumar J. , Padaria Jasdeep C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDerivatives (IIIg) and (IVg) are the most active anti‐fungal agents against Rhizoctonia solani.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Indazole‐5,6‐dicarbonitriles.
Authors: Chirkova Zh. V. , Sharunov V. S. , Filimonov S. I. , Abramov I. G. , Firgang S. I. , Stashina G. A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTwo different approaches to previously unknown indazole‐5,6‐dicarbonitriles are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric One‐Pot Sequential Conjugate Addition/Dearomative Fluorination: Synthesis of Chiral Fluorinated Isoxazol‐5(4H)‐ones.
Authors: Meng Wen‐Ting , Zheng Yan , Nie Jing , Xiong Heng‐Ying , Ma Jun‐An 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBy using the bifunctional chiral tertiary amino‐thiourea catalyst STC, a series of chiral fluorinated isoxazol‐5(4H)‐ones containing a fluorine‐substituted quarternary stereocenter are obtained in high yields with high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Reaction of Sterically Hindered α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones with Hydroxylamine: Preparation of 5‐Hydroxy Derivatives of Isoxazolidine and 4,5‐Dihydroisoxazole.
Authors: Mavrov M. V. , Firgang S. I. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn some cases 4,5‐dihydroisoxazoles are obtained after standing for 2‐4 months of the mother liquors from the reactions of (I) and (III) and isolated in only 8‐15%.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of New Functionalized 2‐(Hetaryl)thiazoles.
Authors: Bondock Samir , El‐Azab Hossam , Kandeel Ez‐Eldin M. , Metwally Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAminothiazole derivatives (I) and (XIV) are used as starting materials for the synthesis of a variety of heterocyclic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: The Cyclopropyliminium Rearrangement of Cyclopropylthiazoles.
Authors: Tomilov Yury V. , Salikov Rinat F. , Platonov Dmitry N. , Lipilin Dmitry L. , Frumkin Aleksandr E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCyclopropylthiazolium hydrohalogenides undergo iminocyclopropane‐pyrroline rearrangement in a melt to furnish corresponding pyrrolothiazolium salts [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Intercepting the Breslow Intermediate via Claisen Rearrangement: Synthesis of Complex Tertiary Alcohols Without Organometallic Reagents.
Authors: Alwarsh Sefat , Ayinuola Kolawole , Dormi Silvana S. , McIntosh Matthias C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe method presents advantages over the known procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(II) Catalyzed Chemoselective Oxidative Transformation of Thiourea to Thioamidoguanidine/2‐Aminobenzothiazole.
Authors: Sahoo Santosh K. , Khatun Nilufa , Gogoi Anupal , Deb Arghya , Patel Bhismar K. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUnsymmetrical thioureas, prepared in situ from isothiocyanates (I) and secondary amines (II), are oxidized by Cu(II) to the corresponding disulfide intermediates, which suffer an imine‐disulfide rearrangement to give thioamidoguanidines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Homoallenyl Azines in Criss‐Cross Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: Galeta Juraj , Man Stanislav , Valouskova Aneta , Potacek Milan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOnly one diastereomer and regioisomer of type (III) or (VI) is obtained by intra‐intermolecular cycloadditions when (I) or (IV) are reacted with isocyanates or isothiocyanates as dipolarophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Formation of Chiral Polysubstituted 3,4‐Dihydropyrans via a Novel Organocatalytic Domino Sequence Involving Alkynal Self‐Condensation.
Authors: Dong Li‐Jin , Fan Tian‐Tian , Wang Chao , Sun Jian 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe presented new organocatalytic hydration/aldol/oxa‐Diels—Alder domino reaction leads to chiral polyfunctionalized dihydropyrans under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Generation of ortho‐Naphthoquinone Methides from 1,4‐Epoxy‐1,4‐dihydronaphthalenes and Their Annulation with Allyl Silanes.
Authors: Sawama Yoshinari , Shishido Yuko , Yanase Takayoshi , Kawamoto Koichi , Goto Ryota , Monguchi Yasunari , Kita Yasuyuki , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis method yields biologically useful dihydronaphthopyran derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of Biologically Potent Aryloxycoumarins and (Aryloxyimino)ethylcoumarins via Copper(II)‐Promoted Chan—Lam Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Medda Arunima , Pal Gargi , Singha Raghunath , Hossain Tabassum , Saha Achintya , Das Asish R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe synthetic approach for the synthesis of the title compounds involves the Cu‐promoted C‐O and N‐O coupling reactions of readily available hydroxycoumarin and (hydroxyimino)ethylcoumarin derivatives with various arylboronic acids in the presence of the system Cu(O‐Ac)2/Et3N.
ChemInform Abstract: 2H‐Chromene Derivatives Bearing Thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione, Rhodanine or Hydantoin Moieties as Potential Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Azizmohammadi Mohammad , Khoobi Mehdi , Ramazani Ali , Emami Saeed , Zarrin Abdolhossein , Firuzi Omidreza , Miri Ramin , Shafiee Abbas 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAll products are purified by recrystallization.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Pyridone Synthesis Using 2‐(Phenylsulfinyl)acetamide.
Authors: Fujii Masaya , Nishimura Takuya , Koshiba Takahiro , Yokoshima Satoshi , Fukuyama Tohru 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTitle compounds are prepared by the present new and efficient protocol including the 1,4‐addition of 2‐(phenylsulfinyl)acetamide to α,β‐unsaturated ketones followed by cyclization and sulfoxide elimination.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Multicomponent Reactions of Aromatic Aldehydes and Anilines with β‐Ketoesters: Facile and Atom‐Economical Access to Chiral Tetrahydropyridines.
Authors: Li Xuejian , Zhao Yanyan , Qu Haijun , Mao Zhenjun , Lin Xufeng 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA chiral 1,1′‐spirobiindane‐7,7′‐diol phosphoric acid is successfully applied as catalyst for the asymmetric synthesis of tetrahydropyridines (IV) from ketoester (I), aldehydes (II), and anilines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiplasmodial Evaluation of Novel (4‐Aminobutyloxy)quinolines.
Authors: Vandekerckhove Stephanie , Mueller Christian , Vogt Dieter , Lategan Carmen , Smith Peter J. , Chibale Kelly , De Kimpe Norbert , D'hooghe Matthias 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTitle compounds [(VII), (IX), (XI), and (XIII)] are synthesized starting from corresponding hydroxyquinolines like (I) via a rhodium‐catalyzed hydroformylation as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Three‐Component Povarov Reaction Catalyzed by SPINOL‐Phosphoric Acids.
Authors: Huang Dan , Xu Fangxi , Chen Tao , Wang Yanguang , Lin Xufeng 
Published: May 2013

AbstractEnantiopure SPINOL‐phosphoric acids exhibit high activities and excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities in the catalysis of the three‐component Povarov reaction of N‐vinylcarbamate (III), anilines (II) and aldehydes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinolines by N‐Deformylation and Aromatization via Solvent‐Free, High‐Speed Ball Milling.
Authors: Yu Jingbo , Li Zhenhua , Su Weike 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe recovery and reuse of polyethylene glycol and sodium chloride enables multiple cycles using the same promoter system without a decrease of yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C—H/O—H and C—H/N—H Bond Functionalizations: Oxidative Annulations of Cyclopropyl‐Substituted Alkynes.
Authors: Deponti Monica , Kozhushkov Sergei I. , Yufit Dmitry S. , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA series of cyclopropyl‐substituted isoquinolines is readily prepared by an oxidative annulation of benzamides (I) with cyclopropylethynes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Oxidation/C(sp3)—H Functionalization of Unactivated Alkynes Using Pyridine‐N‐Oxide as the External Oxidant.
Authors: Chen Dian‐Feng , Han Zhi‐Yong , He Yu‐Ping , Yu Jie , Gong Liu‐Zhu 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMesOH plays a crucial role in the process which proceeds in a regioselective manner, except in the case of substrate (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Utility of Ethylidenethiosemicarbazide: Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of 1,3‐Thiazines and Thiazoles with Imidazole Moiety.
Authors: Gomha Sobhi M. , Riyadh Sayed M. , Abbas Ikhlass M. , Bauomi Mohammed A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA variety of new thiazoles and thiazines bearing an imidazole moiety are synthesized using ethylidenethiosemicarbazide (I) as starting material.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Stereoisomerization versus Alkene Isomerization: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 1‐Hydroxy‐trans‐2,5‐diphenylphospholane 1‐Oxide.
Authors: Hintermann Lukas , Schmitz Marco , Maltsev Oleg V. , Naumov Pance 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe approach to the title structure is achieved through formation of meso‐2,5‐diaryl‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐phosphole derivatives followed by asymmetric isomerization in the presence of cinchonine as optimal catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quaternary Phosphonium Salts from Phosphorylated Sterically Hindered Phenols.
Authors: Andriyashin V. V. , Bakhtiyarova Yu. V. , Cherkasov R. A. , Galkin V. I. , Galkina I. V. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA procedure for the synthesis of new 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol derivatives (IV) possessing both phosphonium and phosphonate fragments is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Reaction of Selenium Dichloride and Dibromide with Diallyl Sulfide.
Authors: Musalov M. V. , Volkova K. A. , Potapov V. A. , Albanov A. I. , Amosova S. V. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThiaselenanes (II) are formed regioselectively as a result of anti‐Markovnikov addition of selenium dihalide at the allyl group.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Synthesis of a Hydroxylated Sesquiterpene Coumarin 10′R‐Acetoxy‐11′‐hydroxyumbelliprenin by Regioselective Dihydroxylation.
Authors: Hattori Yasunao , Kinami Genki , Teruya Kenta , Nosaka Kazuto , Kobayashi Kazuya , Akaji Kenichi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA practical synthesis of the title compound (III) is achieved using regioselective Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation as a key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of 3‐Aryl‐4‐S‐benzyl‐6‐phenylimino‐2‐hepta‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐lactosylimino‐ 2,3‐dihydro‐1,3,5‐thiadiazine (Hydrochloride).
Authors: Thorat Sharayu M. , Deshmukh Shirish P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTitle compounds (IIIa), (IIIc)—(IIIe) show moderate activity against S.
ChemInform Abstract: Simultaneous Phase and Morphology Controllable Synthesis of Copper Selenide Films by Microwave‐Assisted Nonaqueous Approach.
Authors: Li Jing , Fa Wenjun , Li Yasi , Zhao Hongxiao , Gao Yuanhao , Zheng Zhi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCopper selenide films with different structure and morphology are deposited on Cu foils using Se powder in Cy‐OH or Ph‐CH2‐OH (microwaves, 160 °C, 10 min).
ChemInform Abstract: 2,1,3‐Benzothiadiazole and Derivatives: Synthesis, Properties, Reactions, and Applications in Light Technology of Small Molecules.
Authors: Neto Brenno A. D. , Lapis Alexandre A. M. , da Silva Junior Eufranio N. , Dupont Jairton 
Published: May 2013

AbstractReview: 333refs.
Reactivity of Azole Anions with CO2 from the DFT Perspective
Authors: Tang Huarong , Wu Chao 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAzole anions are key components in CO2 capture materials that include ionic liquids and porous solids. Herein, we use density functional theory (DFT) and a Langmuir‐type adsorption model to study azole anion–CO2 interactions. Linear CO2 has to be bent by approximately 45° to form an NC bond within the azole ring. The energy cost of bending renders CO2 absorption much more difficult compared to SO2 absorption. For different azole anions, the number of nitrogen atoms in the ring and the natural bond orbital energy of the reacting nitrogen lone pair, both linearly correlate with the calculated reaction enthalpy and are useful handles for new sorbent designs. Unlike for SO2, the azole parent architecture (unsubstituted) does not allow successive CO2 absorption under mild conditions (<0.12 MPa and at room temperature). Experimental CO2 and SO2 absorption isotherms are reproduced by using the Langmuir model parameterized with the calibrated DFT reaction enthalpies. This study provides insight for designing azole‐based CO2‐capture materials.
Population admixture and high larval viability among urban toads
Authors: Hase Kazuko , Nikoh Naruo , Shimada Masakazu 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn terms of evolutionary biology, a population admixture of more than two distinct lineages may lead to strengthened genetic variation through hybridization. However, a population admixture arising from artificial secondary contact poses significant problems in conservation biology. In urban Tokyo, a population admixture has emerged from two lineages of Japanese common toad: native Bufo japonicus formosus and nonnative B. japonicus japonicus, of which the latter was introduced in the early 20th century. To evaluate the degree of genetic disturbance in the admixed population of these two subspecies, we analyzed genotypes of toads distributed within and outside Tokyo by assessing mtDNA and seven microsatellite loci. We found that the introduced B. japonicus japonicus genotype dominates six local populations in the Tokyo admixture zone and was clearly derived from past introgressive hybridization between the two subspecies. These observations were supported by morphological assessments. Furthermore, the average larval survival rate in Tokyo was significantly higher than that outside Tokyo, suggesting that the temporary contribution of introduced toads occurred through introgression. The fitness of toads in urban Tokyo may thus be increasing with the assistance of nonnative individuals.
A tool for protected area management: multivariate control charts ‘cope’ with rare variable communities
Authors: Stringell Thomas B. , Bamber Roger N. , Burton Mark , Lindenbaum Charles , Skates Lucie R. , Sanderson William G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPerformance assessment, impact detection, and the assessment of regulatory compliance are common scientific problems for the management of protected areas. Some habitats in protected areas, however, are rare and/or variable and are not often selected for study by ecologists because they preclude comparison with controls and high community variability makes meaningful change detection difficult. Shallow coastal saline lagoons are habitats that experience comparatively high levels of stress due to high physical variability. Lagoons are rare, declining habitats found in coastal regions throughout Europe (and elsewhere) where they are identified as one of the habitats most in need of protected area management. The infauna in the sediments of 25 lagoons were sampled. Temporal and spatial variation in three of these [protected] lagoons was investigated further over 5 years. In a multivariate analysis of community structure similarities were found between some lagoons, but in other cases communities were unique or specific to only two sites. The protected lagoons with these unique/specific communities showed significant temporal and spatial variation, yet none of the changes observed were attributed to human impacts and were interpreted as inherent variability. Multivariate control charts can operate without experimental controls and were used to assess community changes within the context of ‘normal’ lagoon variability. The aim of control chart analysis is to characterize background variability in a parameter and identify when a new observation deviates more than expected. In only 1 year was variability more than expected and corresponded with the coldest December in over 100 years. Multivariate control charts are likely to have wide application in the management of protected areas and other natural systems where variability and/or rarity preclude conventional analytical and experimental approaches but where assessments of condition, impact or regulatory compliance are nonetheless required.
The prevalence and associated demographic factors of dementia from a cross‐sectional community survey in Kingston, Jamaica
Authors: Neita Susanne M. , Abel Wendel D. , Eldemire‐Shearer Denise , James Kenneth , Gibson Roger C. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesUsing a cross‐sectional community survey, the authors aimed to estimate the prevalence of dementia among a sample of older Jamaicans and to identify associated demographic factors.MethodsFrom February to July 2010, persons of age ≥60 years were randomly selected from two communities in Kingston, Jamaica and screened with the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE). All MMSE‐positive participants and an equal number of matched MMSE‐negative participants underwent definitive diagnostic evaluation for dementia using the Clinical and Diagnostic Assessment Procedure for Dementia. Subsequently derived MMSE sensitivity and specificity measures from the subsample were used to estimate the overall prevalence of dementia (primary outcome). Chi square, Fisher's Exact, Exact, Spearman's correlation and t‐tests were used to explore associations of dementia with age, gender, educational level and socioeconomic status. Statistical significance was taken as p < 0.05.ResultsTwo hundred participants were recruited. Age‐standardized prevalence rates of dementia were 5.07% (standardized to the Jamaican population) and 5.32% (standardized to the West Europe population). Dementia was more prevalent among older persons (Spearman's rho = 0.31; p < 0.001); no other significant associations were found.ConclusionsDementia prevalence found in this study is lower than figures from previous Caribbean reports. The older persons are disproportionately affected. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shipping contributes to ocean acidification
Authors: Hassellöv Ida‐Maja , Turner David R. , Lauer Axel , Corbett James J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe potential effect on surface water pH of emissions of SOX and NOX from global ship routes is assessed. The results indicate that regional pH reductions of the same order of magnitude as the CO2‐driven acidification can occur in heavily trafficked waters. These findings have important consequences for ocean chemistry, since the sulfuric and nitric acids formed are strong acids in contrast to the weak carbonic acid formed by dissolution of CO2. Our results also provide background for discussion of expanded controls to mitigate acidification due to these shipping emissions.