bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonally varying contributions to urban CO2 in the Chicago, Illinois, USA region: Insights from a high-resolution CO2 concentration and δ13C record
Authors: Moore Joel , Jacobson Andrew D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUnderstanding urban carbon cycling is essential given that cities sustain 54% of the global population and contribute 70% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. When combined with CO2 concentration measurements ([CO2]), stable carbon isotope analyses (δ13C) can differentiate sources of CO2, including ecosystem respiration and combustion of fossil fuels, such as petroleum and natural gas. In this study, we used a wavelength scanned-cavity ringdown spectrometer to collect ∼2x106 paired measurements for [CO2] and δ13C values in Evanston, IL for August 2011 through February 2012. Evanston is located immediately north of Chicago, IL, the third largest city in the United States. The measurements represent one of the longest records of urban [CO2] and δ13C values thus far reported. We also compiled local meteorological information, as well as complementary [CO2] and δ13C data for background sites in Park Falls, WI and Mauna Loa, HI. We use the dataset to examine how ecosystem processes, fossil fuel usage, wind speed, and wind direction control local atmospheric [CO2] and δ13C in a midcontinent urban setting on a seasonal to daily basis. On average, [CO2] and δ13C values in Evanston were 16–23 ppm higher and 0.97–1.13‰ lower than the background sites. While seasonal [CO2] and δ13C values generally followed broader northern hemisphere trends, the difference between Evanston and the background sites was larger in winter versus summer. Mixing calculations suggest that ecosystem respiration and petroleum combustion equally contributed CO2 in excess of background during the summer and that natural gas combustion contributed 80%–94% of the excess CO2 in winter. Wind speed and direction strongly influenced [CO2] and δ13C values on an hourly time scale. The highest [CO2] and lowest δ13C values occurred at wind speeds &lt;3 m s−1 and when winds blew from the northwest, west, and south over densely populated neighborhoods.
‘No smiling, please, Ms Prime Minister!’: Constructing a female politician on the cover of a news magazine
Authors: Huovinen Annamari , Weselius Hanna 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This article examines the practices of constructing gender in the media by elaborating on one specific journalistic work process: the cover photography of the Finnish Prime Minister for a weekly news magazine. We draw from gender theory and Goffman’s concept of social performance in asking how gender is constructed in journalistic work. Women leaders must both prove their capability as politicians and manifest their femininity. Our case study explicates how this double discourse emerges in the photographic studio and how journalists struggle with two parallel scripts they try to follow: one of journalistic neutrality, and another of feminine beauty. The metaphor of two scripts follows Goffman’s idea of social performance with actors performing frontstage and backstage roles. Our ethnographic account shows that journalistic work processes can be ambiguous. We argue that gendered media discourses affect journalistic work in ways not visible in media representations. Thus, to understand these mechanisms, a more ethnographic approach is needed in media research.
Communication in social media: The exhibitions devoted to Salvat-Papasseit and Raimon at Arts Santa Mònica as case studies
Authors: Badell Joan-Isidre , Térmens Miquel , Rovira Cristòfol 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This article shows the research results on the exhibitions devoted to Salvat-Papasseit and Raimon at Arts Santa Mònica Creativity Centre, Barcelona. This article is part of a global research project on the presence of Catalonian museums in social media. The main goal of this research is to examine the dissemination and communication strategy used by Arts Santa Mònica in social media platforms. Our methodology consisted in elaborating and applying quantitative and qualitative parameters and indicators for the analysis. Significant data were obtained using the tracking engine DigiDocSpider and were also provided by the centre itself. According to the results, Arts Santa Mònica has a relevant presence on social networks and it is also very active on them. In addition, the centre has a very dynamic website and a significant number of visitors, both virtual and on-site. On the other hand, the results also show the necessity for using new generation tools and for information updates. We conclude this article by arguing for including the above-mentioned tools as a way to improve social participation in cultural life and social media, not only as a way to target audiences in exhibitions but also as actual tools of collective participation. We have used this research project to take a look at how literature is represented online, thus suggesting future research lines regarding both literature and digital technologies.
Reviews
Authors: Lin Ke , Tortajada Iolanda , Gonzalo Juan Luís , Cerdán Josetxo , Labayen Miguel Fernández , Prada Hernando Gómez 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The Civic Web: Young People, the Internet, and Civic Participation, Shakuntala Banaji and David Buckingham (2013) Cambridge and London: The MIT Press, 208 pp., ISBN: 9781138849129, p/bk, $49.95; ISBN: 9780415527699, h/bk, $225.00; ISBN: 9780262317801 (e-book), $21.00
The Routledge Companion to Media and Gender, Cynthia Carter, Linda Steiner and Lisa McLaughlin (eds) (2014) London and New York: Routledge, 670 pp., ISBN: 9780415527699, h/bk, £140.00; ISBN: 9780203066911 (e-book), £140.00
Visual Propaganda, Exhibitions, and the Spanish Civil War, Miriam Basilio (2013) Farnham: Ashgate, 304 pp., ISBN: 9781409464815, h/bk, £70.00
Spanish Cinema in the Global CONTEXT. Film on Film, Samuel Amago (2013) New York/Oxon: Routledge, 199 pp., ISBN: 9780415854252, h/bk, $105.10; ISBN: 9780203755568 (e-book), $73.58
A Companion to Spanish Cinema, Jo Labanyi and Tatjana Pavlovic´ (eds) (2013) Malden, MA and Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 664 pp., ISBN: 9781405194389, h/bk, £157.20; ISBN: 9781433102134 (e-book), £125.99
Desenfocadas. Cineastas españolas y discursos de género, Barbara Zecchi (2014) Barcelona: Icaria editorial s.a., 246 pp., ISBN: 9788498885682, p/bk, 18€
The Effects of the Media on Self-Esteem of Young Girls
Authors: Osaďan Róbert , Hanna Rania 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
There have been a number of studies investigating the media’s role in body image dissatisfaction, eating disorders, self-esteem, and the internalization of the thin body ideal in young girls and women. However, much of the research focuses on girls ages 10 and older; very few examine those girls of pre-primary or primary age. This paper seeks to explore the studies that do focus on the younger age groups, and understand the relationship between the media and young girls’ self-esteem.
Does bryozoan colonization alter the biochemical composition of Saccharina japonica affecting food safety and quality?
Authors: Getachew Paulos , Kang Ji-Young , Choi Jae-Suk , Hong Yong-Ki 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The encrusting bryozoan Membranipora membranacea frequently colonizes late-harvested blades of the cultured Saccharina japonica. We measured the proximate compositions, amino acid and fatty acid profiles and metal contents of bryozoans, colonized blades and healthy blades. Bryozoans contained high levels of crude ash (657 g kg-1 dry weight) and arsenic (As; 49 mg kg-1 dry weight) contents, exceeding the recommended range for human food, and had relatively low levels of essential amino acids. The content of inorganic As in bryozoans was 31% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake for inorganic As established by the World Health Organization. Hence, bryozoans decrease the food and fodder quality of the seaweed product. After removing the bryozoans, we found that the seaweed blade tissues beneath the colonies had elevated levels of potassium, iodine and docosahexaenoic acid and reduced levels of copper, chromium and cadmium compared to healthy tissues. Thus, lacy crust bryozoans must be removed from the surface of seaweed prior to its use as food or fodder.
On the motive of some hyperKähler varieties
Authors: Vial Charles 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We show that the motive of the Hilbert scheme of
length-n subschemes on a K3 surface or on an abelian surface
admits a decomposition similar to the decomposition of the motive of
an abelian variety obtained by Shermenev, Beauville, and Deninger and Murre.
Symplectic Singularities and Solvable Hamiltonian Mappings
Authors: Fukuda Takuo , Janeczko Stanislaw 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We study singularities of smooth mappings F̄ of ℝ2n into symplectic space (ℝ2n , ω̇) by their isotropic liftings to the corresponding symplectic tangent bundle (Tℝ2n,w). Using the notion of local solvability of lifting as a generalized Hamiltonian system, we introduce new symplectic invariants and explain their geometric meaning. We prove that a basic local algebra of singularity is a space of generating functions of solvable isotropic mappings over F̄ endowed with a natural Poisson structure. The global properties of this Poisson algebra of the singularity among the space of all generating functions of isotropic liftings are investigated. The solvability criterion of generalized Hamiltonian systems is a strong method for various geometric and algebraic investigations in a symplectic space. We illustrate this by explicit classification of solvable systems in codimension one.
Flat Approximations of Surfaces Along Curves
Authors: Izumiya Shyuichi , Otani Saki 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We consider a developable surface tangent to a surface along a curve on the surface. We call it an osculating developable surface along the curve on the surface. We investigate the uniqueness and the singularities of such developable surfaces. We discover two new invariants of curves on a surface which characterize these singularities. As a by-product, we show that a curve is a contour generator with respect to an orthogonal projection or a central projection if and only if one of these invariants constantly equal to zero.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antitrypanosomal activity of Annona muricata stem bark extracts.
Authors: Onyeyili P.A. , Aliyoo K. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
The control of trypanosomosis in animals and humans based on chemotherapy is limited and not ideal, since the agents used are associated with severe side effects, and emergence of relapse and drug resistant parasites. The need for the development of new, cheap and safe compounds stimulated this study. Three concentrations (211, 21.1 and 2.11 mg per ml) of chloroform stem bark extract of Annona muricata were screened for trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei in vitro. Also, two doses (200 mg per kg and 100 mg per kg) of the extract were evaluated for trypanocidal activity in rats infected with the parasite. Haematological parameters were determined on day 1 post infection and on days 1, 6 and 30-post extract treatment. The extracts inhibited parasite motility and totally eliminated the organisms at the concentrations used in vitro. The extract also showed promising in vivo trypanocidal activity. The observed in vitro and in vivo trypanocidal activities may be due to the presence of bioactive compounds present in the extracts as seen in this study. The extract also improved the observed decreases in haematological parameters of the treated rats, which may be due to their ability to decrease parasite load. The observed oral LD50 of 1,725.05 mg per kg of the chloroform A. muricata extract using up and down method is an indication of very low toxicity, implying that the extract could be administered with some degree of safety.
A survey of disabled persons about their physical activity
Authors: Tyagi Aditya , Mattu Shazia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAccording to a new report by the World Bank and the World Health Organization, persons with disabilities currently constitute 15% of the world’s population, and most of these persons live in rural areas in developing countries. Many of these persons lack equal access to health care, education, job opportunities and other necessary services. One of the challenges to independence and use of public spaces is a lack of attention to physical activity and mobility needs.To evaluate the association between physical activity and chronic disease and function outcome, 82 subjects with physical disabilities were given the Physical Activity questionnaire for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD). The PASIPD consists of 13 items: six leisure time activities, six household activities and one Work-related activity. Leisure activities include walking and wheeling outside the home other than specifically for exercise as well as light, moderate and strenuous sport and recreation exercise to increase muscle strength and endurance. Household activities include light and heavy housework, home repair, lawn work, outdoor garden, caregiving for another person and occupational activity other than office work.In general, PASIPD scores differed significantly and in the expected direction between groups differing by age and levels of self-rated health and self-rated physical activity. Differences also existed in PASIPD total or subcategory scores by gender, type of disability and presence or absence of attendant care.A sufficiently physically active lifestyle would be beneficial for individuals with physical disabilities, who are on average more sedentary than the general population. There is a need for a reliable and valid measure of physical activity for research in this specific population, and this scale is useful for evaluating associations between physical activity and chronic disease and functional outcomes.
Residual curarization and postoperative respiratory complications following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. The effect of reversal agents: sugammadex vs. neostigmine
Authors: Ezri Tiberiu , Evron Shmuel , Petrov Irina , Schachter Pinhas , Berlovitz Yitzhak , Shimonov Mordechai 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Background: Incomplete muscle relaxant reversal or re-curarization may be associated with postoperative respiratory complications. In this retrospective study we compared the incidence of postoperative residual curarization and respiratory complications in association with the type of muscle relaxant reversal agent, sugammadex or neostigmine, in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.
Material and methods: We reviewed the charts of all patients (179) undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy from July 2012 to July 2013 at Wolfson Medical Center. Sugammadex 1.5-2 mg/kg (112 patients) or neostigmine 2.5 mg (67 patients) were used as reversal agents. Results were compared by the type of reversal agent employed. Compared parameters included demographic and anaesthetic data, residual curarization, oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) in the recovery room (PACU), episodes of SpO2 lower than 90% in PACU, unexpected intensive care (ICU) admissions, incidence of atelectasis and pneumonia, re-intubation and duration of hospitalization.
Results: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was more frequent in the sugammadex group (19% vs. 8%; p = 0.026). Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) was more frequently associated with sugammadex (33% vs. 16%; p = 0.007). There were no differences in postoperative residual curarization, SpO2 < 90% episodes, reintubation, ICU admissions, pulmonary complications and duration of hospitalization.
Conclusion: With the inherent limitations of a retrospective study, the use of sugammadex following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy showed no advantage over neostigmine in terms of residual curarization and respiratory complications.
Diatoms in the biological assessment of the ecological state of waters using the Czarna Staszowska River as an example
Authors: Szczepocka Ewelina , Rakowska Barbara 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The object of the present research was the Czarna Staszowska River, which is located in south-eastern Poland and which is a left tributary of the upper Vistula River. The length of the river is 61 km and its sources are situated in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains. The river flows across an area covered by Mesozoic rocks, mostly carbonate and sulfate ones. The upper and middle course of the river is of natural character, while increased pollution occurs downstream of the Chańcza Reservoir.
In the present study, the water quality of the Czarna Staszowska is investigated in the pure and polluted sections using diatom indices, such as IO − Diatom Index, IPS − Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index, GDI − Generic Diatom Index and TDI − Trophic Diatom Index. In the four river sections distinguished on the basis of the hydrology and the degree of water pollution, the occurrence of different indicator species was determined in the respective diatom assemblages. Indicator species were determined, i.e. characteristic of oligosaprobic and mesosaprobic, limestone and silicon-rich waters. Also taxa indicating an increased trophic status of the river (occurring in its polluted sections) were identified.
Improved hydration resistance of magnesia by EDTA and ammonium phosphate as additives
Authors: Zhang Wenzheng , Chen Bin , Mou Jiangnan , Wang Danyang 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The control of magnesia (MgO) hydration ratio is a key factor in refractory slurry processing. The volumetric expansion that follows this reaction can result in MgO product cracks as MgO greatly tends to react with water. Thus, the antihydration of MgO is a key concern in refractory suspension processing. The performances of ammonium phosphate (AP) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as antihydration additives were evaluated by using hydration tests, and ionic conductivity, pH, and particle distribution of MgO powders in water and ethanol were used to provide information related to the MgO powder in different liquids. The results showed that the antihydration additives AP and EDTA can inhibit MgO hydration to some extent; however, AP was more effective in preventing volume expansion.
Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of novel 5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-phenyl- 1H-benzimidazole derivatives
Authors: Alp Mehmet , Gurkan-Alp A. Selen , Ozkan Tulin , Sunguroglu Asuman 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
A series of novel 5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-phenyl-1H-benzimidazoles (5–14) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activities against the human leukemia cell line HL-60. Compounds 5–7 and 10–12 exhibited potent antiproliferative activities against this cell line. The quantitative analysis of apoptosis by flow cytometry demonstrated that the percentages of apoptotic HL-60 cells treated with compounds 5 and 10–12 were significantly higher than in the control.
Differential cytotoxic activity of the petroleum ether extract and its furanosesquiterpenoid constituents from Commiphora molmol resin
Authors: Ayyad Seif-Eldin N. , Hoye Thomas R. , Alarif Walied M. , Al Ahmadi Sana’a M. , Basaif Salim A. , Ghandourah Mohamed A. , Badria Farid A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This study revealed a differential cytotoxic activity of the petroleum ether extract (IC50=5 μg/mL) of the resinous exudates of Commiphora molmol against two mouse cell lines KA31T and NIH3T3 (untransformed and transformed mouse fibroblasts, respectively). Four new compounds (1–4) and five known compounds (5–9) were isolated from the petroleum ether extract. The identity of these new compounds was determined as γ-elemane lactone (1), 5-αH,8-βH-eudesma-1,3,7(11)-trien-8,12-olide (2), 2-hydroxy-11,12-dihydrofuranodiene (3), and 2-hydroxyfuranodiene (4). 1 and 2 displayed the highest cytotoxic activity against NIH3T3 cells. 7 and 9 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against KA31T cells. Compounds 3–6 showed weak cytotoxic activities against both cell lines. These results may explain the high efficacy of the petroleum ether fraction in several myrrh-derived pharmaceutical preparations.
Multiphoton Ionization of Liquid-to-Supercritical Methanol. Ultrafast Dynamics of Electron Localization and Geminate Recombination
Authors: Gehrmann Annika , Vöhringer Peter 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Solvated electrons have been generated by 150 fs,
266 nm multiphoton ionization of methanol and their primary
dynamics have been recorded through near-infrared transient absorption
over a wide temperature (294 K ≤ T ≤ 523 K) and pressure (90 bar ≤ p ≤ 523 bar) region corresponding to the liquid and the
supercritical phases of the solvent. On ultrashort time scales well
below a few tens of picoseconds, the dynamics of electron
localization, solvation, and thermalization reveal themselves as
a delayed rise of the spectroscopic signal originating from the fully
equilibrated solvated electron. The temperature-dependence of these
dynamics is in line with a thermally-activated process involving
hydrogen-bond breakage and formation that is induced by the
librational/torsional dynamics of the methanol molecules. Longer
time scales of up to 1 ns are governed by the dynamics of
geminate recombination whose temperature dependence is indicative of
multiple competing recombination pathways involving charged and
neutral species, including radicals, of yet to be determined nature.
Influence of Fabrication Method on Tensile Response of Split Hopkinson Bar-Sized Specimens
Authors: Seidt Jeremy D. , Michael Pereira J. , Gilat Amos 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The influence of the specimen fabrication method on results of tension experiments on miniature ductile metal samples was investigated. 2024-T351 aluminum specimens were fabricated using traditional machining methods (milling) to two surface roughness specifications and using electrical discharge machining (EDM). The recast layer was left on the EDM specimens. The surface roughness of all samples was documented. The influence of edge-breaking the samples (rounding the sharp edges) was also investigated. Tests were conducted at two nominal strain rates: 1.0 s−1 using a servohydraulic load frame and 1000 s−1 using a tension split Hopkinson bar (SHB) apparatus. Results showed that the fabrication method influenced both the ultimate tensile stress and the elongation at failure. For milled specimens, the ultimate tensile stress and elongation decreased with increasing surface roughness. EDM specimens had slightly lower ultimate stresses but ductility in line with finely milled samples. Ultimate stresses of milled specimens with broken edges were lower than those with unbroken edges.