bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linezolid-Dependent Function and Structure Adaptation of Ribosomes in a Staphylococcus epidermidis Strain Exhibiting Linezolid Dependence
Authors: Kokkori Sofia , Apostolidi Maria , Tsakris Athanassios , Pournaras Spyros , Stathopoulos Constantinos , Dinos George 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Linezolid-dependent growth was recently reported in
Staphylococcus epidermidis
clinical strains carrying mutations associated with linezolid resistance. To investigate this unexpected behavior at the molecular level, we isolated active ribosomes from one of the linezolid-dependent strains and we compared them with ribosomes isolated from a wild-type strain. Both strains were grown in the absence and presence of linezolid. Detailed biochemical and structural analyses revealed essential differences in the function and structure of isolated ribosomes which were assembled in the presence of linezolid. The catalytic activity of peptidyltransferase was found to be significantly higher in the ribosomes derived from the linezolid-dependent strain. Interestingly, the same ribosomes exhibited an abnormal ribosomal subunit dissociation profile on a sucrose gradient in the absence of linezolid, but the profile was restored after treatment of the ribosomes with an excess of the antibiotic. Our study suggests that linezolid most likely modified the ribosomal assembly procedure, leading to a new functional ribosomal population active only in the presence of linezolid. Therefore, the higher growth rate of the partially linezolid-dependent strains could be attributed to the functional and structural adaptations of ribosomes to linezolid.
Localization of the Outer Membrane Protein OmpA2 in Caulobacter crescentus Depends on the Position of the Gene in the Chromosome
Authors: Ginez Luis David , Osorio Aurora , Poggio Sebastian 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is an essential structure involved in nutrient uptake, protection against harmful substances, and cell growth. Different proteins keep the outer membrane from blebbing out by simultaneously interacting with it and with the cell wall. These proteins have been mainly studied in enterobacteria, where OmpA and the Braun and Pal lipoproteins stabilize the outer membrane. Some degree of functional redundancy exists between these proteins, since none of them is essential but the absence of two of them results in a severe phenotype.
Caulobacter crescentus
has a different strategy to maintain its outer membrane, since it lacks the Braun lipoprotein and Pal is essential. In this work, we characterized OmpA2, an OmpA-like protein, in this bacterium. Our results showed that this protein is required for normal stalk growth and that it plays a minor role in the stability of the outer membrane. An OmpA2 fluorescent fusion protein showed that the concentration of this protein decreases from the stalk to the new pole. This localization pattern is important for its function, and it depends on the position of the gene locus in the chromosome and, as a consequence, in the cell. This result suggests that little diffusion occurs from the moment that the gene is transcribed until the mature protein attaches to the cell wall in the periplasm. This mechanism reveals the integration of different levels of information from protein function down to genome arrangement that allows the cell to self-organize.
Family History of Colorectal Cancer Is Not Associated with Colorectal Cancer Survival Regardless of Microsatellite Instability Status
Authors: Phipps Amanda I. , Ahnen Dennis J. , Campbell Peter T. , Win Aung Ko , Jenkins Mark A. , Lindor Noralane M. , Gryfe Robert , Potter John D. , Newcomb Polly A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Background: Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer in first-degree relatives have an elevated risk of developing colorectal cancer themselves, particularly colorectal cancer exhibiting high microsatellite instability (MSI-high). Given that MSI-high colorectal cancer is associated with a favorable prognosis, it is plausible that having a family history of colorectal cancer could, in turn, be favorably associated with colorectal cancer survival.
Methods: This study comprised N = 4,284 incident colorectal cancer cases enrolled in the Colon Cancer Family Registry via population-based cancer registries. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we evaluated the association between family history and both overall and disease-specific survival, accounting for MSI status and tumor site via stratified analyses and statistical adjustment.
Results: There was no evidence of association between family history and overall [hazard ratio (HR), 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79–1.08] or disease-specific survival (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.85–1.24) for all cases combined, after adjustment for MSI status or tumor site. Only for rectal cancer cases was colorectal cancer family history modestly associated with more favorable overall survival (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.56–0.99).
Conclusions: Although individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer were more likely to have MSI-high tumors than those with nonfamilial disease, this did not translate to a survival benefit.
Impact: Overall, there is no evidence that family history of colorectal cancer is associated with colorectal cancer survival; however, specific mechanisms underlying family history may have prognostic impact and merit further study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(8); 1700–4. ©2014 AACR.
VISTA Is a Novel Broad-Spectrum Negative Checkpoint Regulator for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Lines J. Louise , Sempere Lorenzo F. , Broughton Thomas , Wang Li , Noelle Randolph 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn the past few years, the field of cancer immunotherapy has made great progress and is finally starting to change the way cancer is treated. We are now learning that multiple negative checkpoint regulators (NCR) restrict the ability of T-cell responses to effectively attack tumors. Releasing these brakes through antibody blockade, first with anti-CTLA4 and now followed by anti-PD1 and anti-PDL1, has emerged as an exciting strategy for cancer treatment. More recently, a new NCR has surfaced called V-domain immunoglobulin (Ig)-containing suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA). This NCR is predominantly expressed on hematopoietic cells, and in multiple murine cancer models is found at particularly high levels on myeloid cells that infiltrated the tumors. Preclinical studies with VISTA blockade have shown promising improvement in antitumor T-cell responses, leading to impeded tumor growth and improved survival. Clinical trials support combined anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 as safe and effective against late-stage melanoma. In the future, treatment may involve combination therapy to target the multiple cell types and stages at which NCRs, including VISTA, act during adaptive immune responses. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(6); 510–7. ©2014 AACR.
Introduction to “The Nightingale's Butcher Manifesto”
and “Volume and Environment II”
Authors: Behpoor Bavand 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The introductory text introduces two pre-revolution Iranian manifestos of modern art, namely the “Nightingale's Butcher Manifesto” (1951) and “Volume & Environment 2” (1976). It describes the socio-political context in which the texts emerged and compares them as different responses to similar issues separated by a time span of 25 years. It argues that these rare examples of Iranian art manifestos can be regarded as milestones of an entry into and an exit from modernism in Iranian art.
Relative susceptibilities of five fodder radish varieties (Raphanus sativus var. Oleiformis) to Meloidogyne chitwoodi
Authors: Teklu Misghina G. , Schomaker Corrie H. , Been Thomas H. 
Published: June 2014

The fodder radish varieties Anaconda, Contra, Defender, Doublet and Terranova, known to have some partial resistance, were compared to the standard variety, Radical, to estimate their relative susceptibility (RS) for both population dynamic parameters of Meloidogyne chitwoodi and to evaluate dependency. This approach must eventually lead to new screening methods for partial resistance tests. Plants were grown under controlled glasshouse conditions. Twelve densities of nematodes in five replications were used. Five plants per 7 l pot were allowed to grow for a period of 11 weeks until their early flowering stage. Few seedlings of all the varieties at and 64 J2 (g dry soil)−1, and all seedlings exposed to the highest density, J2 (g dry soil)−1, died within a week after germination. Replanted seedlings developed into normal plants. Total yield, expressed as total fresh weight, was not affected by M. chitwoodi. A lower percentage of plants with galls was observed on partially resistant varieties as compared with Radical. For Radical, a maximum multiplication rate (a) of 0.38 and a maximum population density (M) of 6.43 J2 (g dry soil)−1 were estimated. Radical proved to be a bad host for M. chitwoodi with all final populations lower than the . The parameter estimates of (M) for Anaconda, Contra, Defender, Doublet and Terranova were 0.011, 0.006, 0.027, 0.020 and 0.009 J2 (g dry soil)−1, respectively. With Radical taken to be 100% susceptible, this resulted in values of 0.17, 0.10, 0.42, 0.32 and 0.14% of these varieties, respectively, reducing high population levels of M. chitwoodi by more than 98%. There was no correlation between the and the values, indicating that scoring the number of galled plants will not provide a suitable measure for partial resistance.
Empathy Training from a Phenomenological Perspective
Authors: Englander Magnus 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to outline a phenomenological approach to empathy training developed over the past ten years in the context of higher education. The theoretical justification for this empathy training is founded in the phenomenological philosophical interpretation of the phenomenon of empathy, whereas the application of empathy as a skill is theoretically based upon entering the phenomenological attitude. The phenomenon of empathy is described as a unique intentionality as part of the self-other relation and contrasted to mainstreams views such as simulation theory. It is argued that the phenomenological attitude can open up for the possibility of empathy and interpersonal understanding to occur. The consecutive steps of the phenomenologically based empathy training are described as relating to theoretical and pedagogical issues as well as to student’s experiences.
Notes et documents 堂郎语语音浅说
Authors: 王艳 盖兴之 
Published: June 2014

This article provides the first comprehensive phonological analysis of the Tanglang language. It focuses on characteristic features of this language and provides new data that contribute to a better understanding of the phonetic and phonological aspects of the languages of the Yi group of the Tibeto-Burman language family.
Cet article propose la première analyse phonologique complète de la langue tanglang. Il fait apparaître les spécificités phonétiques du tanglang et fournit des données détaillées qui contribuent à approfondir notre connaissance de la phonétique et la phonologie des langues du groupe yi au sein du tibéto-birman.
The Constitutionalisation of Free Trade by the High Court of Australia and the Court of Justice of the European Union
Authors: Kiefel Susan , Puig Gonzalo Villalta 
Published: June 2014

Together with matters of multilateral and bilateral regulation, domestic regulation affects the law and policy of economic relations between the European Union (eu) and Australia. This article discusses the constitutional determinants of the Australian single market and the significance to its development of the free trade jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union. When Australia was federated, free trade between the States and the removal of barriers at the borders were at the forefront of constitutional objectives. They find expression in Section 92 of the Australian Constitution. It took some time for the jurisprudence to develop by reference to principles of competition. Recent decisions of the High Court of Australia highlight the need to prove that a law or measure may have anti-competitive effects within a market to hold it invalid. Application of this (unacknowledged) test of proportionality invites comparison with eu law and opens to question the usefulness of protectionism as a criterion of constitutional invalidity for trade without borders in the ‘new economy’.
Position-Specific Hip and Knee Kinematics in NCAA Football Athletes
Authors: Deneweth Jessica M. , Pomeroy Shannon M. , Russell Jason R. , McLean Scott G. , Zernicke Ronald F. , Bedi Asheesh , Goulet Grant C. 
Published: June 2014

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement is a debilitating hip condition commonly affecting athletes playing American football. The condition is associated with reduced hip range of motion; however, little is known about the range-of-motion demands of football athletes. This knowledge is critical to effective management of this condition. Purpose: To (1) develop a normative database of game-like hip and knee kinematics used by football athletes and (2) analyze kinematic data by playing position. The hypothesis was that kinematics would be similar between running backs and defensive backs and between wide receivers and quarterbacks, and that linemen would perform the activities with the most erect lower limb posture. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Forty National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football athletes, representing 5 playing positions (quarterback, defensive back, running back, wide receiver, offensive lineman), executed game-like maneuvers while lower body kinematics were recorded via optical motion capture. Passive hip range of motion at 90° of hip flexion was assessed using a goniometer. Passive range of motion, athlete physical dimensions, hip function, and hip and knee rotations were submitted to 1-way analysis of variance to test for differences between playing positions. Correlations between maximal hip and knee kinematics and maximal hip kinematics and passive range of motion were also computed. Results: Hip and knee kinematics were similar across positions. Significant differences arose with linemen, who used lower maximal knee flexion (mean ± SD, 45.04° ± 7.27°) compared with running backs (61.20° ± 6.07°; P < .001) and wide receivers (54.67° ± 6.97°; P = .048) during the cut. No significant differences were found among positions for hip passive range of motion (overall means: 102° ± 15° [flexion]; 25° ± 9° [internal rotation]; 25° ± 8° [external rotation]). Several maximal hip measures were found to negatively correlate with maximal knee kinematics. Conclusion: A normative database of hip and knee kinematics utilized by football athletes was developed. Position-specific analyses revealed that linemen use smaller joint motions when executing dynamic tasks but do not demonstrate passive range of motion deficits compared with other positions. Clinical Relevance: Knowledge of requisite game-like hip and knee ranges of motion is critical for developing goals for nonoperative or surgical recovery of hip and knee range of motion in the symptomatic athlete. These data help to identify playing positions that require remedial hip-related strength and conditioning protocols. Negative correlations between hip and knee kinematics indicated that constrained hip motion, as seen in linemen, could promote injurious motions at the knee.
The future of autologous stem cell transplantation in myeloma
Authors: van Rhee Frits , Giralt Sergio , Barlogie Bart 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has long been considered frontline therapy for newly diagnosed myeloma patients. This Spotlight examines the role of ASCT in the era of novel drugs and argues that ASCT should continue to be considered for eligible patients. A combination of novel drugs with ASCT in a sequential treatment approach can attain long-term survival and perhaps cure a subset of patients. ASCT will likely remain an important platform to develop curative strategies in the foreseeable future.
Application of a three-dimensional fiber lay-down model to non-woven production processes
Authors: Grothaus Martin , Klar Axel , Maringer Johannes , Stilgenbauer Patrik , Wegener Raimund 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this work we present the industrial application of fiber lay-down models that enable an efficient simulation of non-woven structures. The models describe the deposition of fibers on a moving conveyor belt with the help of stochastic differential equations on manifolds. The model parameters have to be estimated from more complex models in combination with measurements of the resulting non-woven. In the application we discuss especially a three-dimensional fiber model for a typical industrial problem from non-woven production processes.
Simulation of a highly elastic structure interacting with a two-phase flow
Authors: Svenning Erik , Mark Andreas , Edelvik Fredrik 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to present and validate a modeling framework that can be used for simulation of industrial applications involving fluid structure interaction with large deformations.

Background
Fluid structure interaction phenomena involving elastic structures frequently occur in industrial applications such as rubber bushings filled with oil, the filling of liquid in a paperboard package or a fiber suspension flowing through a paper machine. Simulations of such phenomena are challenging due to the strong coupling between the fluid and the elastic structure. In the literature, this coupling is often achieved with an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian framework or with smooth particle hydrodynamics methods. In the present work, an immersed boundary method is used to couple a finite volume based Navier-Stokes solver with a finite element based structural mechanics solver for large deformations.

Results
The benchmark of an elastic rubber beam in a rolling tank partially filled with oil is simulated. The simulations are compared to experimental data as well as numerical simulations published in the literature. 2D simulations performed in the present work agree well with previously published data. Our 3D simulations capture effects neglected in the 2D case, showing excellent agreement with previously published experiments.

Conclusions
The good agreement with experimental data shows that the developed framework is suitable for simulation of industrial applications involving fluid structure interaction. If the structure is made of a highly elastic material, e.g. rubber, the simulation framework must be able to handle the large deformations that may occur. Immersed boundary methods are well suited for such applications, since they can efficiently handle moving objects without the need of a body-fitted mesh. Combining them with a structural mechanics solver for large deformations allows complex fluid structure interaction problems to be studied.
Reviews
Authors: Avakian Robert , Bartel David C. , Moon Wooil M. , Taylor Patrick 
Published: June 2014

Climate Forcing of Geological Hazards, edited by B. McGuire and M. Maslin, ISBN 978-0-470-65865-9 (hardcover), 2013, Wiley-Blackwell, 311 p., $164.95 (e-book available) The Earth's Electric Field — Sources from Sun to Mud, by M. C. Kelley, ISBN 978-0-12378-868 (hardcover), ISBN 978-0-12397-883-7 (eBook), 2012, Elsevier, 232 p., print book and eBook $119.94, print book $74.96, eBook $74.96
Barriers to Immediate Breast Reconstruction in the Canadian Universal Health Care System
Authors: Zhong Toni , Fernandes Kimberly A. , Saskin Refik , Sutradhar Rinku , Platt Jennica , Beber Brett A. , Novak Christine B. , McCready David R. , Hofer Stefan O.P. , Irish Jonathan C. , Baxter Nancy N. 
Published: June 2014

PurposeTo describe the population-based rates of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) for all women undergoing mastectomy for treatment or prophylaxis of breast cancer in the past decade, and to evaluate geographic, institutional, and patient factors that influence use in the publically funded Canadian health care system.MethodsThis population-based retrospective cohort study used administrative data that included 28,176 women who underwent mastectomy (25,141 mastectomy alone and 3,035 IBR) between April 1, 2002, and March 31, 2012, in Ontario, Canada. We evaluated factors associated with IBR by using a multivariable logistic regression model with the generalized estimating equation approach.ResultsThe population-based, age-adjusted IBR rate increased from 5.1 procedures to 8.7 in 100,000 adult women (43.7%; P < .001), and the increase was greatest for prophylactic mastectomy or therapeutic mastectomy for in situ breast cancer (78.6%; P < .001). Women who lived in neighborhoods with higher median income had significantly increased odds of IBR compared with mastectomy alone (odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% CI, 1.47 to 2.00), and immigrant women had significantly lower odds (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.78). A patient had nearly twice the odds of receiving IBR when she was treated at a teaching hospital (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.06) or at a hospital with two or more available plastic surgeons (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.53 to 2.65). Patients who received IBR traveled significantly farther compared with those who received mastectomy alone (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.05 for every 10 km increase).ConclusionIBR is available to select patients with favorable clinical and demographic characteristics who travel farther to undergo surgery at teaching hospitals with two or more available plastic surgeons.
Ein neues Bibliothekszentrum in Lippe
Authors: Eberhardt Joachim 
Published: June 2014

Zusammenfassung:
Die Lippische Landesbibliothek Detmold (gegründet 1614) wird seit 1949 vom Landesverband Lippe getragen. Auf die gegenwärtige Finanznot ihres Geldgebers reagiert die Bibliothek, indem sie sich breiter aufstellt. Ein erster Schritt ist die Integration der Theologischen Bibliothek und Mediothek der Lippischen Landeskirche in die Landesbibliothek 2013, womit zugleich die Landeskirche zum Partner wird. Der zweite Schritt ist die Kooperation und bauliche Verbindung mit den Bibliotheken der Hochschule für Musik Detmold, deren Umsetzung für 2015 zu erwarten ist. Aufgrund der baulichen Veränderungen des Bibliotheksgeländes wird auch die Nachbarschaft mit dem Landesarchiv Nordrhein-Westfalen Abteilung Ostwestfalen-Lippe sich zu einer produktiven Nähe weiterentwickeln.
Die Landesbibliothek Oldenburg – Zukunftsperspektiven einer klassischen Regionalbibliothek
Authors: Roeder Corinna 
Published: June 2014

Zusammenfassung:
Die Landesbibliothek Oldenburg hat als selbstständige budgetierte Einrichtung innerhalb der oldenburgischen regionalen Bibliothekskooperation ihre Stellung als wissenschaftliche Allgemeinbibliothek erfolgreich ausgebaut. Sie wird diese Ausrichtung beibehalten und durch spezifische elektronische Angebote und die Ausgestaltung ihres Gebäudes zum „dritten Ort“ strategisch weiterentwickeln.