bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land- and water-based aerobic exercise program on health-related outcomes in breast cancer survivors (WaterMama): study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Alberton Cristine Lima , Andrade Luana Siqueira , Xavier Bruno Ezequiel Botelho , Pinheiro Victor Hugo Guesser , Cuesta-Vargas Antonio Ignacio , Pinto Stephanie Santana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is a prevalent form of cancer among women worldwide, often accompanied by physical and psychological side effects due to the disease and the treatment’s aggressiveness. Regular physical exercise has emerged as a non-pharmacological approach to improve the quality of life of breast cancer survivors. We herein report the protocol of the WaterMama Study, which aims to evaluate the effects of land- or water-based aerobic exercise programs, compared to a health education program, on cancer-related fatigue and other health-related outcomes in breast cancer survivors.

Methods
The WaterMama trial is a randomized, single-blinded, three-arm, parallel, superiority trial. We aim to recruit 48 women ≥ 18 years of age who have completed primary treatment for stage I–III breast cancer. Participants are randomly allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio to 12-week interventions of aerobic exercise training programs either in the aquatic or land environment (two weekly 45-min sessions) plus health education (a weekly 45-min session), or an active-control group receiving health education alone (a weekly 45-min session). The primary outcome is cancer-related fatigue, and the secondary outcomes include cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular performance, muscle morphology, functional capacity, mental health, cognitive function, pain, and quality of life. Outcomes assessments are conducted before and after the 12-week intervention period. The analysis plan will employ an intention-to-treat approach and per protocol criteria.

Discussion
Our conceptual hypothesis is that both aerobic exercise programs will positively impact primary and secondary outcomes compared to the health education group alone. Additionally, due to its multi-component nature, we expect the aquatic exercise program promote more significant effects than the land exercise program on cancer-related fatigue, muscular outcomes, and pain.

Trial registration
The study was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05520515. Registered on August 26, 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05520515
18F-FDG PET can effectively rule out conversion to dementia and the presence of CSF biomarker of neurodegeneration: a real-world data analysis
Authors: Heyer Sébastien , Simon Maïa , Doyen Matthieu , Mortada Ali , Roch Véronique , Jeanbert Elodie , Thilly Nathalie , Malaplate Catherine , Kearney-Schwartz Anna , Jonveaux Thérèse , Bannay Aurélie , Verger Antoine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Precisely defining the delay in onset of dementia is a particular challenge for early diagnosis. Brain [18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-2-D-glucose (18F-FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a particularly interesting tool for the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, through the measurement of the cerebral glucose metabolic rate. There is currently a lack of longitudinal studies under real-life conditions, with sufficient patients, to accurately evaluate the predictive values of brain 18F-FDG PET scans. Here, we aimed to estimate the value of brain 18F-FDG PET for predicting the risk of dementia conversion and the risk of occurrence of a neurodegenerative pathology.

Methods
Longitudinal data for a cohort of patients with no diagnosis of dementia at the time of recruitment referred by a tertiary memory clinic for brain 18F-FDG PET were matched with (1) data from the French National Health Data System (NHDS), (2) data from the National Alzheimer Bank (NAB), and (3) lumbar puncture (LP) biomarker data. The criteria for dementia conversion were the designation, within the three years after the brain 18F-FDG PET scan, of a long-term condition for dementia in the NHDS and a dementia stage of cognitive impairment in the NAB. The criterion for the identification of a neurodegenerative disease in the medical records was the determination of LP biomarker levels.

Results
Among the 403 patients (69.9 ± 11.4 years old, 177 women) from the initial cohort with data matched with the NHDS data, 137 were matched with the NAB data, and 61 were matched with LP biomarker data. Within three years of the scan, a 18F-FDG PET had negative predictive values of 85% for dementia conversion (according to the NHDS and NAB datasets) and 95% for the presence of LP neurodegeneration biomarkers.

Conclusion
A normal brain 18F-FDG PET scan can help rule out the risk of dementia conversion and the presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker of neurodegeneration early with high certainty, allowing modifications to patient management regimens in the short term.

Trial registration
Clinical Trials database (NCT04804722). March 18, 2021. Retrospectively registered.
The role of macrophage plasticity in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Ma Hongyue , Zhu Mingxia , Chen Mengjie , Li Xiuli , Feng Xinhong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTissue-resident macrophages and recruited macrophages play pivotal roles in innate immunity and the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Investigating the involvement of these macrophage populations in eliciting pathological changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases has been a focal point of research. Dysregulated states of macrophages can compromise clearance mechanisms for pathological proteins such as amyloid-β (Aβ) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and TDP-43 in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Additionally, recent evidence suggests that abnormalities in the peripheral clearance of pathological proteins are implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, numerous genome-wide association studies have linked genetic risk factors, which alter the functionality of various immune cells, to the accumulation of pathological proteins. This review aims to unravel the intricacies of macrophage biology in both homeostatic conditions and neurodegenerative disorders. To this end, we initially provide an overview of the modifications in receptor and gene expression observed in diverse macrophage subsets throughout development. Subsequently, we outlined the roles of resident macrophages and recruited macrophages in neurodegenerative diseases and the progress of targeted therapy. Finally, we describe the latest advances in macrophage imaging methods and measurement of inflammation, which may provide information and related treatment strategies that hold promise for informing the design of future investigations and therapeutic interventions.
The impact of the English calorie labelling policy on the energy content of food offered and purchased in worksite cafeterias: a natural experiment
Authors: Luick Madison , Bandy Lauren , Jebb Susan A. , Pechey Rachel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
On 6 April 2022, legislation came into effect in England requiring calorie labels to be applied to food items on menus of larger food businesses. This study aimed to assess the impact of calorie labelling on (a) food purchased and (b) energy content of menu options in worksite cafeterias.

Methods
Product-level sales data and energy content of available items was obtained from 142 worksite cafeterias from January 2022-October 2022. Interrupted-time-series (ITS) analysis with level and slope change evaluated daily energy (kcal) purchased per item, and ITS with level change assessed mean energy per option available on menus before and after calorie labelling. Each analysis was conducted 6 weeks and 6 months from implementation. A post-hoc ITS examined weekly energy purchased per item over a longer period (March 2021-October 2022; 135 sites).

Results
There was no evidence calorie labelling changed the energy content of foods purchased (6-week: + 0.60 cal/product, 95%CI:-2.54, + 3.75; 6-month: + 1.59 cal/product, 95%CI:-0.96, + 4.16). Post-hoc analyses suggested calorie labels were associated with a reduction in mean energy of items purchased over time (-0.65 kcal/week, 95%CI:-0.81,-0.49), but a significant increase (+ 3 kcal, 95%CI: + 0.43, + 5.60) at the point of implementation. There was a reduction in the mean energy content of menu options at each seasonal menu change (April 2022:-1.79 kcal, 95%CI:-3.42,-0.15; July 2022:-4.18 kcal, 95% CI:-7.65,-0.73).

Conclusion
This large observational study in worksite cafeterias found no evidence to indicate the introduction of calorie labelling led to any immediate reduction in energy purchased by customers. There was some evidence of increasing impact over time, possibly associated with changes in menu offerings, but this effect was small and cannot be directly attributed to calorie labelling.
Post-simulation debriefing as a stepping stone to self-reflection and increased awareness — a qualitative study
Authors: Husebø Sissel Eikeland , Reierson Inger Åse , Hansen Anette , Solli Hilde 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The voice of the students should be engaged in simulation curriculum development. Involving the students in the development of debriefing strategies might result in a deeper understanding of learning. However, few studies have investigated the students’ perspectives on debriefing strategies. The aim of the study was to explore nursing students’ perspectives on the post-simulation debriefing.

Methods
An explorative, descriptive design with a qualitative approach was used. Data were collected in December 2017 and May 2018 through focus group interviews with undergraduate nursing students in Norway immediately after a 2-day high-fidelity simulation course in the second year of their Bachelor of Nursing degree. Data were analysed using systematic text condensation.

Results
Thirty-two nursing students participated in the study. The data analysis identified two main categories. The category ‘Facilitator as a catalyst for reflection’ illustrated the facilitator’s multifaceted and vital role in initiating and guiding the students’ reflection process in the debriefing. The category ‘A process towards increased awareness’ encompasses the students’ guided process of acquiring new insight into their professional development, and how they put parts together to see the wholeness in what was simulated.

Conclusions
This study provides knowledge to facilitators regarding nursing students’ perspectives on facilitating reflection and learning during debriefing discussions. The facilitator’s multifaceted role in guiding the students’ reflections and their process of acquiring new insight into their professional development were identified as critical to learning during debriefing.
Neurotensin receptor-1 agonist PD 149163 modulates the lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioral disturbances in mice
Authors: Mishra Ankit , Singh K. P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Neuroendocrine-immune homeostasis is a prerequisite for neurobehavioral performances. Dysregulation of this homeostasis manifested in behavioral dysfunctions and neurodegenerative diseases, including schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. The present study aimed to investigate the role of PD 149163 (PD), a neurotensin agonist, in the modulation of behavioral disturbances induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Thirty-six female mice, 12 weeks old, were divided into 6 groups (n = 6/group). Group I (control) mice were given intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of saline. Group II (LPS) received LPS (1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 days. Group III (LPS + PD Low) and IV (LPS + PD High) have received an injection of LPS (1 mg/kg, for 5 days) and after that treated with PD 100 µg/kg and 300 µg/kg, i.p., respectively, for 21 days. Group V (PD Low) and VI (PD High) were exposed to PD 100 µg/kg and 300 µg/kg, respectively, for 21 days.

Results
In the open-field test, the PD attenuated the behavior of LPS-exposed mice by increasing the number of squares crossed, time spent in the central square, rearing and grooming, and decreasing immobility, latency and defecation. Likewise, in the elevated plus-maze test, PD increased the number of entries on open and enclosed arms, time spent on open and enclosed arms, grooming and rearing, and reduced the head dipping and immobility in LPS-challenged mice. The PD enhanced the immobility time in the forced swimming test, and sucrose consumption in the sucrose preference test decreased after LPS exposure.

Conclusion
This study suggests that PD modulates the LPS-induced anxiety and depression-like behavioral impairments and could be an alternate choice of the atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPDs) in the future.
Flavonoids as potential therapeutics in male reproductive disorders
Authors: Mishra Rakesh , Nikam Abhishek , Hiwarkar Jitendra , Nandgude Tanaji , Bayas Jayendrasing , Polshettiwar Satish 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Male infertility presents global challenges, as current drug-based treatments demonstrate limited effectiveness due to an incomplete understanding of dysfunctions within the reproductive system. However, there is growing optimism surrounding natural products, particularly flavonoids, which offer promising therapeutic options. Extensive research has unveiled the positive impact of flavonoids on testicular structure, spermatogenesis, and sperm quality.

Main body
Flavonoids have diverse functions such as immune-stimulating, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. These properties make them potential inhibitors of male reproductive system problems. This narrative review aims to evaluate the effects of different flavonoids on male reproductive disorders by examining the phytochemical ingredients, traditional applications, potential pharmacological actions, documented effects, and therapeutic applications of flavonoids in functional abnormalities of the male reproductive system.

Conclusion
This review elaborates on the scientific study findings of flavonoids and recommends their use in male infertility.
A Systematic Investigation of Process Parameters for Small-Volume Aqueous Suspension Production by the Use of Focused Ultrasonication
Authors: Zulbeari Nadina , Holm René 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAqueous suspensions containing crystalline drug in the sub-micron range is a favorable platform for long-acting injectables where particle size can be used to obtain a desired plasma-concentration profile. Stabilizers are added to the suspensions and screened extensively to define the optimal formulation composition. In the initial formulation screening the amount of drug compound can be limited, necessitating milling methods for small-volume screening predictable for scale-up. Hence, adaptive focused ultrasound was investigated as a potential milling method for rapid small-volume suspensions by identifying the critical process parameters during preparation. Suspensions containing drug compounds with different mechanical properties and thereby grindability, i.e., cinnarizine, haloperidol, and indomethacin with brittle, elastic, and plastic properties, respectively, were investigated to gain an understanding of the manufacturing with adaptive focused acoustics as well as comparison to already established milling techniques. Using a DoE-design, peak incident power was identified as the most crucial process parameter impacting the milling process for all three compounds. It was possible to decrease the sizes of drug particles to micron range after one minute of focused ultrasound exposure which was superior compared to other milling techniques (e.g., non-focused ultrasound exposure). The addition of milling beads decreased the drug particle sizes even further, thus to a lower degree than other already established milling techniques such as milling by dual centrifugation. This study thereby demonstrated that adaptive focused ultrasonication was a promising method for rapid homogenization and particle size reduction to micron range for different compounds varying in grindability without altering the crystalline structure.
Graphical Abstract
Solving the spectral problem via the boundary approximation in
theory
Authors: Long Lingxiao , Jiang Yunguo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In

theory, the resonance scattering structure is triggered by the so-called delocalized modes trapped between the

pair. The frequencies and configurations of such modes depend on the

half-separation a, which can be derived from the Schrödinger-like equation. We propose to use the boundary conditions to connect the half-localized and delocalized modes, and use boundary approximation (BA) to solve the spectrum analytically. In detail, we derive the explicit form of frequencies, configurations and spectral wall locations of the delocalized modes. We test the analytical prediction with the numerical simulation of the Schrödinger-like equation, and obtain astonishing agreement between them at the long separation regime.
The relevance of vascular adjustments to hemodynamic control in the face of temperature change in Crotalus durissus
Authors: Castro Samanta A. , Prado João V. , Wang Tobias , Leite Cléo A. C. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The presence of cardiac shunts in ectothermic tetrapods is thought to be consistent with active vascular modulations for proper hemodynamic support. Local control of blood flow modulates tissue perfusion and thus systemic conductance (Gsys) is assumed to increase with body temperature (Tb) to accommodate higher aerobic demand. However, the general increase of Gsys presses for a higher right-to-left (R–L) shunt, which reduces arterial oxygen concentration. In contrast, Tb reduction leads to a Gsys decrease and a left-to-right shunt, which purportedly increases pulmonary perfusion and plasma filtration in the respiratory area. This investigation addressed the role of compensatory vascular adjustments in the face of the metabolic alterations caused by Tb change in the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus). Cardiovascular recordings were performed in decerebrated rattlesnake preparations at 10, 20 and 30°C. The rise in Tb increased metabolic demand, and correlated with an augmentation in heart rate. Although cardiac output increased, systemic stroke volume reduced while pulmonary stroke volume remained stable. Although that resulted in a proportionally higher increase in pulmonary blood flow, the R–L shunt was maintained. While the systemic compliance of large arteries was the most relevant factor in regulating arterial systemic blood pressure, peripheral conductance of pulmonary circulation was the major factor influencing the final cardiac shunt. Such dynamic adjustment of systemic compliance and pulmonary resistance for shunt modulation has not been demonstrated before and contrasts with previous knowledge on shunt control.
Interim CEO Successions: Implications for CEO Successor Selection and Subsequent Firm Performance
Authors: Langan Robert , Deuschel Nicolas 
Published: August 2024

Prior research highlights that interim CEO successions are disruptive for firms. Yet boards appoint interim CEOs in order to focus on finding the right person to take over permanently, suggesting they may offer benefits to CEO selection. Considering these two views, this paper compares the firm performance of CEOs appointed following an interim period with that of CEOs appointed in a direct succession. We argue that, owing to the disruption caused by the interim appointment, firm performance under a CEO appointed following an interim period will be poorer than under a CEO appointed in a direct succession. However, we posit that, in circumstances in which obtaining and processing the information relevant to CEO selection is more difficult, the interim period may be particularly helpful in selecting the most fitting successor and ultimately weakening the associated performance penalty. Using a sample of CEO successions that occurred in S&P 1500 firms between the years 2002 and 2016, we find general support for our hypotheses. This paper, thus, demonstrates that the subsequent performance consequences of appointing an interim CEO depends on the difficulty of selecting the firm’s next permanent CEO. Funding: We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Spanish FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion – Agencia Estatal de Investigacion [Grant PID2021-123450OB-I00].
Atypicality and Accountability: Evidence from Five Experiments
Authors: Betancourt Nathan , Hoever Inga J. , Wezel Filippo Carlo 
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the interactive effect of organizational atypicality and accountability on evaluation. Prior research has shown that audience members sometimes react positively and other times negatively to atypical organizations or that the main effect of atypicality is not always consistent. We seek to further advance our understanding of this inconsistency in the assessment of atypical organizations. To do so, we focus on accountability, defined as a person’s expectation that they may be asked to justify their choices to others. We theorize that accountability will influence the assessment of atypical organizations because it causes evaluators to think about justifying their decisions and considering what their audience will find acceptable. We investigate two different ways in which accountability, by making others’ social expectations salient, shapes the effect of atypicality on appeal. First, when the preferences of the evaluator’s audience are implicit, we propose that accountability will strengthen the negative effect of atypicality on evaluation. Second, when the preferences of the evaluator’s audience are explicit, we propose that evaluators will conform to these preferences. When an evaluator is accountable to an audience that prefers typical organizations, atypicality will negatively affect evaluation. Conversely, when an evaluator is accountable to an audience that prefers atypical organizations, atypicality should positively affect evaluation. We tested these predications in five preregistered studies and found support for our predictions. These results help to explain variance in audience member’s reactions to atypicality and suggest that accountability plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of atypical organizations. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.16937 .
Topical application of basic fibroblast growth factor for pressure ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nie Wenbo , Zan Tao , Sun Jianan , Guo Lirong , Wang Lisheng 
Published: August 2024

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of topical application of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on pressure ulcers (PUs). Method: Relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published from database creation to July 2018 were systematically searched. Pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to assess mean healing time in days as a measure of treatment efficacy. Standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95%CI were calculated to assess the proportion of complete healing. Funnel plots and Egger's regression tests were used to assess publication bias. Results: In total, 12 RCTs encompassing 664 PUs were included. The pooled effect size demonstrated a significant difference in complete healing proportions between the control groups and subjects treated with bFGF (RR=1.61 (1.40–1.85); p<0.001) and mean healing time (SMD=–1.97 (–2.54– –1.40); p<0.001). There was no indication of significant publication bias in the primary analysis. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the results of the meta−analysis were reliable. Conclusion: In this review, topical application of recombinant bFGF was found to be effective in the treatment of PUs. Given the limitations of the reports included, additional RCTs of higher power are warranted to confirm our findings.