bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discontinuation of Living Donor Liver Transplantation due to Donor's Intraoperative Latex-Induced Anaphylactic Shock
Authors: Shinoda Masahiro , Tanabe Minoru , Nagao Keisuke , Kitago Minoru , Fujisaki Hiroto , Odaira Masanori , Kawachi Shigeyuki , Itano Osamu , Obara Hideaki , Matsubara Kentaro , Shimojima Naoki , Fuchimoto Yasushi , Hoshino Ken , Amagai Masayuki , Kuroda Tatsuo , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
We report on a 33-year-old female liver donor candidate who developed intraoperative latex-induced anaphylactic shock during surgery for living donor transplantation. She was the mother of the organ recipient, who was a 9-year-old boy with biliary atresia. We planned extended lateral segmentectomy for her. Although we dissected the ligament around the left lobe, the systolic blood pressure suddenly dropped and her body became flushed and warm. We administered transfusion and an ephedrine injection to recover the blood pressure. Because she recovered after the treatment, we restarted the procedure. However, she went into shock again within a few minutes. We decided to discontinue the operation. Postoperative blood tests revealed an increase in IgE-RAST and basophil activation, suggesting that the anaphylactic shock was induced by latex. Because latex allergy has become a public health problem, this allergy should be kept in mind as a potential donor operation risk.
Occupational diseases compensated in the Basque Country (Spain) from 1990 to 2008
Authors: García Gómez Montserrat , Urbaneja Arrúe Félix , Markowitz Steven , Castañeda López Rosario , Menduiña Patricia López 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveSpain, and some of its regions in particular, report higher rates of occupational diseases than many other countries in Europe. We describe the distribution and temporal trend of compensated occupational diseases among the working population of the Basque Country, a heavy industrialized Spanish region, from 1990 to 2008.MethodsEmployment data and occupational disease data were obtained from the Spanish Institute of Statistics and the Basque and Spanish Social Security Departments, respectively. Annual incidence of occupational diseases and temporal trends were computed.ResultsOccupational diseases (33,547) were reported among workers in the Basque Country between 1990 and 2008. The occupational disease incidence increased sixfold during the study period, mainly due to less severe cases. The most frequent occupational diseases were caused by physical agents (85%), principally musculoskeletal disorders. The occupational disease incidence in Basque Country was two to six times higher than in most other regions of Spain and Europe.ConclusionsThe rise in compensated occupational illnesses in the Basque Country is likely due to a mixture of better recognition of such illnesses and changes in laws, regulations, and administrative procedures. Chronic occupational diseases such as cancer and chronic respiratory diseases, however, remain under‐reported, and care for people with such illnesses represents an undue financial burden on the public health care system and on their families. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:326–334, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bacterial‐induced epithelial damage promotes fungal biofilm formation in a sheep model of sinusitis
Authors: Boase Sam , Jervis‐Bardy Joshua , Cleland Edward , Pant Harshita , Tan Lorwai , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundFungal biofilms have been discovered in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients, but factors contributing to their establishment are obscure. A recent animal study showed bacterial co‐inoculation was required. We examine the role of 4 bacterial species and a cilia toxin on fungal biofilm formation in a sheep sinusitis model. The importance of epithelial integrity on fungal biofilm formation is also examined.MethodsForty‐eight frontal sinuses were inoculated with Aspergillus fumigatus alone, with 1 of 4 bacteria, or a cilia toxin. Bacterial and fungal biofilm was determined using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Inflammation and cilia integrity were assessed using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively.ResultsNo fungal biofilm formed when inoculated alone. Florid fungal biofilm developed in more than 75% of sinuses associated with bacterial biofilm of all species, except Haemophilus influenzae, which failed to establish bacterial biofilm. Fungal biofilm also established in association with cilia toxin. Significant cilial damage was incited by all bacterial biofilms and cilia toxin, and was associated with fungal proliferation. Fungal biofilm formation did not significantly increase mucosal inflammation or epithelial damage over that caused by the bacteria or cilia toxin alone.ConclusionBacterial biofilms cause sinonasal mucosal inflammation and epithelial injury, which provides conditions appropriate for fungal biofilm proliferation. The role of cilia in sinonasal mucosal defense against fungal organisms has been demonstrated. Without such an insult, fungal biofilms fail to proliferate in occluded sinuses. Improving cilial recovery postoperatively and treating bacterial biofilms may be key factors in reducing recalcitrance in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis patients.
Characterization and CO2 sorption properties of poly[methacryloxypropylheptacyclopentyl‐T8‐silsesquioxane‐ co‐3‐methacryloxypropyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane]
Authors: Kanehashi Shinji , Tomita Yuko , Kawakita Hiroshi , Sato Shuichi , Miyakoshi Tetsuo , Nagai Kazukiyo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPoly[methacryloxypropylheptacyclopentyl‐T8‐silsesquioxane (MAPOSS)‐co‐3‐methacryloxypropyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane (SiMA)] was synthesized through free radical polymerization. The physical and carbon dioxide (CO2) sorption properties of the copolymer membranes were investigated in terms of the MAPOSS content. As the MAPOSS content increases, the membrane density increased, suggesting a decrease in the fractional free volume. In addition, the thermal stability was improved with increasing the MAPOSS content. These are because of the polyhedraloligomericilsesquioxane (POSS) units that restrict the high mobility of poly(SiMA) segments. The glass transition temperature, Tg of the copolymers was single Tg based on the differential scanning calorimetry, suggesting that the copolymers were random and not phase separation. Based on the CO2 sorption measurement, the POSS units play a role in reducing Henry's dissolution by suppressing the mobility of the poly(SiMA) component, while POSS units increase the nonequilibrium excess free volume, which contributes to the Langmuir dissolution. Based on these results, the introduction of MAPOSS unit is one of the effective ways to improved the thermal stability and CO2 sorption property due to the enhancement of the polymer rigidity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Non‐destructive Testing for the Characterization of Moai Statues (Easter Island, Chile)
Authors: Orlando Luciana , Renzi Beatrice 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTSeismic tomography and ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) were combined to determine weakness zones and the degree of alteration in rock making up the Moai statues of Easter Island. The surveys were carried out on stratified argillaceous tuff that had been subjected to weathering for long periods. The argillaceous nature and unsaturated condition of the rock creates ambiguity in both the seismic and georadar data interpretation, but this ambiguity is removed by using a combined interpretation of the data. Interpretation of the combined data shows that the high seismic velocities of the inner zones of the statues must be related to water content and not to better rock quality, because of the high attenuation of the georadar signal in those zones. The weathered zone is characterized by a high signal‐to‐noise ratio of georadar data and low P‐wave seismic velocities. Comparing the seismic and GPR data sets, we found that the seismic velocity and the signal attenuation of the georadar section differ for two statues in accordance with the degree of alteration of the rock. We show that the combined interpretation of seismic and georadar data allows the removal of the ambiguities in the interpretation of the seismic velocity in the massive tuff, the definition of the thickness of the weathered layer and the linking of seismic velocity to the degree of Moai preservation, which is useful for a classification of Moai health. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multi‐objective approach to the parcel express service delivery problem
Authors: Čupić Aleksandar , Teodorović Dušan 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTParcel express service in many countries assumes door‐to‐door delivery of parcels and small packages in the fastest possible way. Delivery companies usually organize hub delivery networks, as flows between hubs are characterized by the economy of scale effect. At hubs, parcels are exchanged across vans, trucks, and planes. To organize parcel delivery in a specific region, the parcel delivery company must make appropriate decisions about the total number of parcel delivery hubs, their locations, and the allocation of demand for facilities' services to facilities. These issues are modeled in this paper as a multi‐objective problem. The model developed is based on compromise programming and genetic algorithms. We also demonstrate in the paper an interactive manner in which a defined problem can be solved. The proposed model could be implemented in large‐scale networks. The paper also shows a case study of parcel delivery service in Serbia. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new interactive computer simulation system for violence risk assessment of mentally disordered violent offenders
Authors: Arborelius Lotta , Fors Uno , Svensson Anna‐Karin , Sygel Kristina , Kristiansson Marianne 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundAssessment of risk of future violence has developed from reliance on static indicators towards a more dynamic approach. In the latter context, however, the offender is seldom confronted with real life situations.AimsThe aim of this study is to evaluate a computer‐based system – Reactions on Display, which presents human interactions based on real‐life situations – for its effectiveness in distinguishing between potentially violent offenders with mental disorder and a healthy comparison group.MethodsMale offenders with autism spectrum disorders or psychosis were recruited from specialist forensic psychiatric units in Sweden and healthy participants from the local communities. Each consenting participant was presented with film clips of a man in neutral and violent situations, which at critical moments stopped the story to ask him to predict the thoughts, feelings and actions of the actor.ResultsOffender patients, irrespective of diagnosis, detected fewer emotional reactions in the actor in the non‐violent sequence compared with controls. When asked to choose one of four violent actions, the offender patients chose more violent actions than did the controls. They also reported fewer physical reactions in the actors when actors were being violent. There were also some examples of incongruent or deviant responses by some individual patients.Conclusions and implications for practiceThe use of interactive computer simulation techniques is not only generally acceptable to offender patients, but it also helps to differentiate their current response style to particular circumstances from that of healthy controls in a way that does not rely on their verbal abilities and may tap more effectively into their emotional reactions than standard verbal questions and answer approaches. This may pave the way for Reactions on Display

providing a useful complement to traditional risk assessment, and
a training route with respect to learning more empathic responding, thus
having a role in aiding risk management.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
S‐Alkylation of Soft Scorpionates
Authors: Rajasekharan‐Nair Rajeev , Moore Dean , Chalmers Kirsten , Wallace Dawn , Diamond Louise M. , Darby Lisa , Armstrong David R. , Reglinski John , Spicer Mark D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe alkylation reactions of soft scorpionates are reported. The hydrotris(S‐alkyl‐methimazolyl)borate dications (alkyl=methyl, allyl, benzyl), which were prepared by the reaction of TmMe anion and primary alkyl halides, have been isolated and structurally characterised. The reaction is, however, not universally successful. DFT analysis of these alkylation reactions (CS versus BH alkylation) indicates that the observed outcome is driven by kinetic factors. Extending the study to incorporate alternative imine thiones (mercaptobenzothiazole, bz; thiazoline, tz) led to the structural characterisation of di[aquo‐μ‐aquohydrotris(mercaptobenzothiazolyl)boratosodium], which contains sodium atoms in the κ3‐S,S,S coordination mode. Alkylation of Na[Tbz] and Na[tzTtz] leads to decomposition resulting in the formation of the simple S‐alkylated heterocycles. The analysis of the species involved in these reactions shows an inherent weakness in the BN bond in soft scorpionates, which has implications for their use in more advanced chemistry.
Molecular Daisy Chains: Synthesis and Aggregation Studies of an Amphiphilic Molecular Rod
Authors: Rotzler Jürgen , Drayss Sylvie , Hampe Oliver , Häussinger Daniel , Mayor Marcel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA water‐soluble cyclophane as the loop subunit, monofunctionalized with a molecular rod, has been synthesized to introduce a new binding motif for mechanically interlinked oligomers. It has been demonstrated that this hermaphroditic compound forms [c2]daisy chains in polar solvent over a wide range of concentrations. Furthermore, evidence for the formation of higher mechanically interlinked oligomers above the critical aggregation concentration has been obtained.
Theory of the Formation and Decomposition of N‐Heterocyclic Aminooxycarbenes through Metal‐Assisted [2+3]‐Dipolar Cycloaddition/Retro‐Cycloaddition
Authors: Novikov Alexander S. , Kuznetsov Maxim L. , Pombeiro Armando J. L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe theoretical background of the formation of N‐heterocyclic oxadiazoline carbenes through a metal‐assisted [2+3]‐dipolar cycloaddition (CA) reaction of nitrones R1CHN(R2)O to isocyanides CNR and the decomposition of these carbenes to imines R1CHNR2and isocyanates OCNR is discussed. Furthermore, the reaction mechanisms and factors that govern these processes are analyzed in detail. In the absence of a metal, oxadiazoline carbenes should not be accessible due to the high activation energy of their formation and their low thermodynamic stability. The most efficient promotors that could assist the synthesis of these species should be “carbenophilic” metals that form a strong bond with the oxadiazoline heterocycle, but without significant involvement of π‐back donation, namely, AuI, AuIII, PtII, PtIV, ReV, and PdIImetal centers. These metals, on the one hand, significantly facilitate the coupling of nitrones with isocyanides and, on the other hand, stabilize the derived carbene heterocycles toward decomposition. The energy of the LUMOCNRand the charge on the N atom of the CN group are principal factors that control the cycloaddition of nitrones to isocyanides. The alkyl‐substituted nitrones and isocyanides are predicted to be more active in the CA reaction than the aryl‐substituted species, and theN,N,C‐alkyloxadiazolines are more stable toward decomposition relative to the aryl derivatives.
C5Li7+ and O2Li5+ as Noble‐Gas‐Trapping Agents
Authors: Pan Sudip , Contreras Maryel , Romero Jonathan , Reyes Andres , Chattaraj Pratim K. , Merino Gabriel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe noble‐gas‐trapping ability of the star‐shaped C5Li7+ cluster and O2Li5+ super‐alkali cluster is studied by using ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) at the MP2 and M05‐2X levels with 6‐311+G(d,p) and 6‐311+G(d) basis sets. These clusters are shown to be effective noble‐gas‐trapping agents. The stability of noble‐gas‐loaded clusters is analyzed in terms of dissociation energies, reaction enthalpies, and conceptual DFT‐based reactivity descriptors. The presence of an external electric field improves the dissociation energy.
A New Modular Phosphite‐Pyridine Ligand Library for Asymmetric Pd‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution Reactions: A Study of the Key Pd‐π‐Allyl Intermediates
Authors: Mazuela Javier , Pàmies Oscar , Diéguez Montserrat 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA library of phosphite‐pyridine ligands L1–L12 a–g has been successfully applied for the first time in the Pd‐catalyzed allylic substitution reactions of several di‐ and trisubstituted substrates by using a wide range of C, N and O nucleophiles, among which are the little studied α‐substituted malonates, β‐diketones, and alkyl alcohols. The highly modular nature of this ligand library enables the substituents/configuration at the ligand backbone, and the substituents/configurations at the biaryl phosphite moiety to be easily and systematically varied. We found that the introduction of an enantiopure biaryl phosphite moiety played an essential role in increasing the versatility of the Pd‐catalytic systems. Enantioselectivities were therefore high for several hindered and unhindered di‐ and trisubstituted substrates by using a wide range of C, N and O nucleophiles. Of particular note were the high enantioselectivities (up to>99 % ee) and high activities obtained for the trisubstituted substrates S6 and S7, which compare favorably with the best that have been reported in the literature. We have also extended the use of these new catalytic systems in alternative environmentally friendly solvents such as propylene carbonate and ionic liquids. Studies on the Pd‐π‐allyl intermediates provide a deeper understanding of the effect of ligand parameters on the origin of enantioselectivity.
Water‐Soluble and pH‐Responsive Polymeric Nanotubes from Cyclic Peptide Templates
Authors: Chapman Robert , Warr Gregory G. , Perrier Sébastien , Jolliffe Katrina A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWater‐soluble organic nanotubes were prepared by convergently conjugating polymers of hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and acrylic acid (AA) to self‐assembling cyclic octapeptides of alternating D and L chirality. The structure of the self‐assembled tubes was characterised in a number of polar solvents, and notably water, by using light scattering, TEM and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques. In addition, the self‐assembly into tubes could be controlled by exploiting the pH responsiveness of acrylic acid polymers.
Synthesis and Thermoreversible Gelation Properties of Main‐Chain Poly(pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxamide‐triazole)s
Authors: Yim Sui‐Lung , Chow Hak‐Fun , Chan Man‐Chor , Che Chi‐Ming , Low Kam‐Hung 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA series of main‐chain poly(amide‐triazole)s were prepared by copper(I)‐catalyzed alkyne–azide AABB‐type copolymerizatons between five structurally similar diacetylenes 1–5 with the same diazide 6. The acetylene units in monomers 1–5 possessed different degrees of conformational flexibility due to the different number of intramolecular hydrogen bonds built inside the monomer architecture. Our study showed that the conformational freedom of the monomer had a profound effect on the polymerization efficiency and the thermoreversible gelation properties of the resulting copolymers. Among all five diacetylene monomers, only the one, that is, 1‐Py(NH)2 which possesses the pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxamide unit with two built‐in intramolecular H bonds could produce the corresponding poly(amide‐triazole) Poly‐(PyNH)2 with a significantly higher degree of polymerization (DP) than other monomers with a lesser number of intramolecular H bonds. In addition, it was found that only this polymer exhibited excellent thermoreversible gelation ability in aromatic solvents. A self‐assembling model of the organogelating polymer Poly‐(PyNH)2 was proposed based on FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM analyses, in which H bonding, π–π aromatic stacking, hydrophobic interactions, and the structural rigidity of the polymer backbone were identified as the main driving forces for the polymer self‐assembly process.
Enzyme Entrapped in Polymer‐Modified Nanopores: The Effects of Macromolecular Crowding and Surface Hydrophobicity
Authors: Liu Jia , Peng Juan , Shen Shuai , Jin Qianru , Li Can , Yang Qihua 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMacromolecular crowding is an ubiquitous phenomenon in living cells that significantly affects the function of enzymes in vivo. However, this effect has not been paid much attention in the research of the immobilization of enzymes onto mesoporous silica. Herein, we report the combined effects of macromolecular crowding and surface hydrophobicity on the performance of an immobilized enzyme by accommodating lipase molecules into a series of mesoporous silicas with different amounts of inert poly(methacrylate) (PMA) covalently anchored inside the nanopores. The incorporation of the PMA polymer into the nanopores of mesoporous silica enables the fabrication of a crowded and hydrophobic microenvironment for the immobilized enzyme and the variation in polymer content facilitates an adjustment of the degree of crowding and surface properties of this environment. Based on this system, the catalytic features of immobilized lipase were investigated as a function of polymer content in nanopores and the results indicated that the catalytic efficiency, thermostability, and reusability of immobilized lipase could all be improved by taking advantage of the macromolecular crowding effect and surface hydrophobicity. These findings provide insight into the possible functions of the macromolecular crowding effect, which should be considered and integrated into the fabrication of suitable mesoporous silicas to improve enzyme immobilization.
First Total Synthesis of the Proposed Structures of Orisuaveolines A and B
Authors: Zhang Jie , Da Shijun , Feng Xiaolin , Chen Xiaoyi , Jiang Jianhui , Li Ying 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFirst total synthesis of the proposed structures of β‐indoloquinazoline alkaloids orisuaveolines A and B is reported. The key steps of the synthesis included a Pictet‐Spengler reaction to build a six‐member lactam which further transformed into target molecular by a one‐pot condensation. This synthesis provided an access to the proposed structures of orisuaveolines A and B in a short and convenient manner from inexpensive, commercially available starting materials. The structures of our synthesized products were confirmed by 2D‐NMR experiments.
Biomimetic Cationic Cyclization toward ent‐Kaurene‐type Diterpenoids
Authors: Zhu Lili , Hong Ran 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTerpenoids comprise the largest family of natural products and include various structurally different genus which play important roles in living organisms. Biosynthetically, diterpenoids are derived from (E,E,E)‐geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP). From GGPP, diterpene cyclase catalyzes a sequence of carbocation‐mediated cyclizations, rearrangements, and further oxidations, leading to a class of structurally unique ent‐kaurenes, such as cafestol, gibberellin A3 and oridonin. According to the biosynthesis pathway of ent‐kaurene, we designed a chiral acetal‐enabled and SnCl4‐promoted biomimetic polyene cationic cyclization. With a following Birch reduction/alkylation cascade, a core skeleton of representative ent‐kaurenes diterpenoids was completed.