bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic interindividual DNA methylation variants in cattle share major hallmarks with those in humans
Authors: Chang Wen-Jou , Baker Maria S. , Laritsky Eleonora , Gunasekara Chathura J. , Maduranga Uditha , Galliou Justine C. , McFadden Joseph W. , Waltemyer Jessica R. , Berggren-Thomas Bruce , Tate Brianna N. , Zhang Hanxue , Rosen Benjamin D. , Van Tassell Curtis P. , Liu George E. , Coarfa Cristian , Ren Yi Athena , Waterland Robert A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
We recently identified ~ 10,000 correlated regions of systemic interindividual epigenetic variation (CoRSIVs) in the human genome. These methylation variants are amenable to population studies, as DNA methylation measurements in blood provide information on epigenetic regulation throughout the body. Moreover, establishment of DNA methylation at human CoRSIVs is labile to periconceptional influences such as nutrition. Here, we analyze publicly available whole-genome bisulfite sequencing data on multiple tissues of each of two Holstein cows to determine whether CoRSIVs exist in cattle.

Results
Focusing on genomic blocks with ≥ 5 CpGs and a systemic interindividual variation index of at least 20, our approach identifies 217 cattle CoRSIVs, a subset of which we independently validate by bisulfite pyrosequencing. Similar to human CoRSIVs, those in cattle are strongly associated with genetic variation. Also as in humans, we show that establishment of DNA methylation at cattle CoRSIVs is particularly sensitive to early embryonic environment, in the context of embryo culture during assisted reproduction.

Conclusions
Our data indicate that CoRSIVs exist in cattle, as in humans, suggesting these systemic epigenetic variants may be common to mammals in general. To the extent that individual epigenetic variation at cattle CoRSIVs affects phenotypic outcomes, assessment of CoRSIV methylation at birth may become an important tool for optimizing agriculturally important traits. Moreover, adjusting embryo culture conditions during assisted reproduction may provide opportunities to tailor agricultural outcomes by engineering CoRSIV methylation profiles.
Intracranial dissemination of Klebsiella pneumoniae originating from pulmonary infection: a case report
Authors: Jamalipoursufi Ghazaleh , Hajihashemi Ali , Sadeghizade Shokouh , Geravandi Mahsa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Metastatic brain abscesses caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae are extremely rare but life-threatening conditions. To depict a unique case of the middle-aged hypertensive man with an unusual presentation of metastatic brain abscesses originating from a pleural abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and subsequently leading to loss of consciousness (LOC).

Case report
A 52-year-old Iranian man with a history of hypertension presented to the emergency department with a five-day history of worsening cough, high-grade fever, shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, and a productive cough. Laboratory tests revealed leukocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein, and respiratory alkalosis. A chest computed tomography scan confirmed pneumonia, and a brain scan revealed multiple hypodense lesions. Despite antibiotic therapy, the patient's condition worsened, leading to confusion, disorientation, and loss of consciousness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple ring-enhancing lesions, suggesting an abscess formation. Bronchial washings and BAL samples confirmed a lower respiratory tract infection. Cultures from the bronchial washings grew Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Conclusions
Metastatic brain abscesses caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae are exceedingly rare but life-threatening conditions. Timely diagnosis and effective antimicrobial treatment are critical for patient outcomes. This case underscores the significance of recognizing atypical presentations of bacterial infections, as early detection and appropriate management can significantly impact patient outcomes.
Integrated use of the CA–Markov model and the Trends.Earth module to enhance the assessment of land cover degradation
Authors: Zimba Henry M. , Banda Kawawa E. , Mbewe Stephen , Nyambe Imasiku A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aims to demonstrate the potential of assessing future land cover degradation status by combining the forecasting capabilities of the Cellular-Automata and Markov chain (CA-Markov) models in Idris Selva with the land cover degradation (LCD) model in the Trends.Earth module. The study focuses on the upper Zambezi Basin (UZB) in southern Africa, which is one of the regions with high rates of land degradation globally. Landsat satellite imagery is utilised to generate historical (1993–2023) land cover and land use (LCLU) maps for the UZB, while the global European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) LCLU maps are obtained from the Trends.Earth module. The CA-Markov chain model is employed to predict future LCLU changes between 2023 and 2043. The LCD model in the Trends.Earth module in QGIS 3.32.3 is then used to assess the historical and forecasted land cover degradation status. The findings reveal that land cover degradation maps produced from local LCLU classifications provide more detailed information compared to those produced from the global ESA CCI LCLU product. Between 2023 and 2043, the UZB is predicted to experience a net reduction of approximately 3.2 million hectares of forest cover, with an average annual reduction rate of − 0.13%. In terms of land cover degradation, the UZB is forecasted to remain generally stable, with 87% and 96% of the total land cover area expected to be stable during the periods 2023–2033 and 2033–2043, respectively, relative to the base years 2023 and 2033. Reduction in forest cover due to the expansion of grassland, human settlements, and cropland is projected to drive land cover degradation, while improvements in forest cover are anticipated through the conversion of grassland and cropland into forested areas. It appears that using locally produced LCLU with high-resolution images provides better assessments of land degradation in the Trends.Earth module than using global LCLU products. By leveraging the opportunities offered by models with capacity to predict LCLU such as the CA–Markov model and the capabilities of the LCD model, as evidenced in this study, valuable forecasted information can be effectively obtained for monitoring land cover degradation. This information can then be used to implement targeted interventions that align with the objective of realising the United Nations' land degradation neutral world target by 2030.
Text summarization based on semantic graphs: an abstract meaning representation graph-to-text deep learning approach
Authors: Kouris Panagiotis , Alexandridis Georgios , Stafylopatis Andreas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNowadays, due to the constantly growing amount of textual information, automatic text summarization constitutes an important research area in natural language processing. In this work, we present a novel framework that combines semantic graph representations along with deep learning predictions to generate abstractive summaries of single documents, in an effort to utilize a semantic representation of the unstructured textual content in a machine-readable, structured, and concise manner. The overall framework is based on a well defined methodology for performing semantic graph parsing, graph construction, graph transformations for machine learning models and deep learning predictions. The employed semantic graph representation focuses on using the model of abstract meaning representation. Several combinations of graph construction and graph transformation methods are investigated to specify the most efficient of them for the machine learning models. Additionally, a range of deep learning architectures is examined, including a sequence-to-sequence attentive network, reinforcement learning, transformer-based architectures, and pre-trained neural language models. In this direction, a semantic graph representation of an original text is extracted, and then the present framework formulates the problem as a graph-to-summary learning problem to predict a summary of an original text. To the best of our knowledge, this formulation of graph-to-summary predictions in abstractive text summarization, without other intermediate steps in the machine learning phase, has not been presented in the relevant literature. Another important contribution is an introduction of a measure for assessing the factual consistency of the generated summaries in an effort to provide a qualitative evaluation. To assess the framework, an extensive experimental procedure is presented that uses popular datasets to evaluate key aspects of the proposed approach. The obtained results exhibit promising performance, validating the robustness of the proposed framework.
FDG altered biodistribution in white adipose tissue, a rare entity: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Raynor William Y. , Sozio Stephen J. , Kempf Jeffrey S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Altered 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) biodistribution due to patient factors such as exercise and inadequate fasting are well established causes of limited diagnostic efficacy. In addition, medications such as G-CSF are known to affect uptake of FDG by bone marrow and spleen. In this study, we present a case of increased white adipose uptake in a pediatric lymphoma patient who recently received high dose dexamethasone and review the relevant literature regarding this rare and poorly understood pattern of altered FDG biodistribution.

Methods
A 14-year-old male patient diagnosed with B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma underwent FDG-PET/CT for restaging shortly after completing an induction chemotherapy regimen. Images revealed diffuse FDG uptake localizing to white adipose tissue, attributed to the 29-day course of dexamethasone which was completed two days prior. A diagnostically adequate study with relative normalization of FDG biodistribution was obtained seven days later.

Results
In our review of the literature, diffuse FDG uptake by white fat is a rare occurrence and has only been reported by a few case reports and early observational studies. In addition to patients receiving corticosteroids, other cases of medication-induced adipose remodeling such as patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy have been documented with similar patterns of increased white adipose tissue activity.

Conclusion
Corticosteroid-induced white fat uptake of FDG is a rare phenomenon that can limit diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET/CT and necessitate repeat imaging. Current evidence suggests that a wait period of at least one week after discontinuation of corticosteroids is sufficient to allow for decreased white fat uptake and increased diagnostic accuracy.
Comparative analysis of addiction severity and renal functions in patients with synthetic cannabinoid use disorder versus cannabis use disorder
Authors: Hamimy Rana Walid , Wahab Momtaz Mohamed Abd El , Mohamed Rania Mamdouh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The use of synthetic cannabinoids (SC) has become a concerning public health issue due to their potential adverse effects on both physical and mental health. Understanding the effect of cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids use on kidney functions and creatinine phosphokinase-total (CPK) levels is essential for targeted intervention and patient care.

Methods
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess addiction severity using the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and kidney functions in 45 patients with SC use disorder and compare them to 45 patients with cannabis use disorder (CUD). Participants were recruited from the addiction outpatient clinics and inpatient ward of the addiction psychiatry unit at “Kasr Al Aini Hospital,” Cairo University.

Results
There was a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups regarding the Addiction Severity Index domains, where patients with SC use disorder had higher scores in all domains of the ASI.
Regarding kidney functions and CPK-total levels, there was a significant difference in the serum CPK-total level (p < 0.05) between the 2 groups; however, there was no significant difference regarding the other kidney function tests (serum creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen, and estimated glomerular filtration rate).
As for the correlative analysis, there was a significant correlation between some domains of the ASI and the kidney function tests in both patient groups.

Conclusion
Our results strongly suggest that SC may have a more hazardous and detrimental impact on individuals, encompassing various aspects of addiction severity such as physical health, psychological well-being, social functioning, and overall quality of life. Our findings also highlight the potential risk of elevated CPK-total levels in patients with SC use disorder; therefore, regular monitoring of kidney function in patients with synthetic cannabinoid use disorder is crucial for guiding appropriate treatment interventions and mitigating adverse health outcomes.
A comprehensive review of iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome in critically ill children
Authors: Al-Harbi Samah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Benzodiazepines and opioids are commonly administered to severely ill children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for analgesia and sedation. Long-term opioid medication often results in iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome (IWS) as well as tolerance when the dosage of benzodiazepines and opioids are gradually lowered or entirely stopped.

Objectives
This review aimed to review and summarize existing knowledge and information on IWS in pediatrics.

Conclusion
IWS in critically ill children is difficult to diagnose and manage. However, detecting and successfully managing IWS is critical to minimizing potentially negative effects during a patient’s ICU stay and after discharge. Further research is required to ascertain the exact and reliable prevalence of IWS among pediatric patients, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of existing assessment tools and treatments.
Inexpensive and colorimetric RNA detection at ambient temperature with a cell-free protein synthesis platform
Authors: Toparlak Ö. Duhan , Notarangelo Michela , Quattrone Alessandro , Pizzato Massimo , Mansy Sheref S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile many proposals of paper-based diagnostics utilize cell-free gene expression systems, these assays oftentimes suffer from the need for temperature cycling and high operational costs, particularly for developing countries. Here, we explore and report the experimental conditions for the colorimetric detection of viral RNA with an in vitro transcription/translation assay that uses crude E. coli extracts at room temperature where the signal amplification is aided by body heat. Clinically-relevant concentrations of RNA (ca. 600 copies/test) were detected from synthetic RNA samples. The activation of cell-free gene expression was achieved using toehold-switch-mediated riboregulatory elements that are specific to RNA sequences. The colorimetric output was generated by the α-complementation of β-galactosidase ω-fragment (LacZω) with cell-free expressed LacZα, using an X-gal analogue as a substrate. The estimated cost of a single reaction is as low as ~ 0.26 euro/test, which may help to facilitate the accessibility of the diagnostic kit in developing countries. With future optimizations and bacterial strain engineering, production costs can be even further brought down, and the test times can be shortened.
Graphical Abstract
Insights Into Central Congenital Hypothyroidism: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis
Authors: German Alina , Almashanu Shlomo , de Vries Liat , Gil Margolis Merav , Halloun Rana , Haim Alon , Eyal Ori , Levy-Khademi Floris , Pivko-Levy Dikla , Nir Judith , Pinhas-Hamiel Orit , Tenenbaum-Rakover Yardena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Context
Central congenital hypothyroidism (CCH) is a thyroid hormone deficiency at birth caused by inadequate pituitary stimulation of the thyroid gland. Although primary congenital hypothyroidism has been studied extensively, studies on CCH are sparse.

Objective
To assess the prevalence of CCH in Israel and describe its clinical features, neonatal screening results, and outcomes.

Methods
This multicenter cross-sectional retrospective chart review covered 9 pediatric endocrine units throughout Israel; patients diagnosed with CCH in 1987–2021 were categorized into early (within 14 days of life) and late (after 14 days) diagnosis groups. Newborn screening (NBS) results were retrospectively retrieved from the national NBS program dataset.

Results
CCH prevalence in Israel was about 1:42 800 live births. Subjects were 94 patients (54 males), of these, 84% had multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies and 16% had isolated CCH. The median age at diagnosis was 50 days (range, 1-8760), with 66% having moderate to severe hypothyroidism. NBS detected only 3 infants. Early diagnosis occurred in 34% due to hypopituitarism, while 66% were diagnosed later due to growth and developmental delays. Neurodevelopmental sequelae included mental retardation (12%), learning difficulties (18%), delayed speech (27%), and motor clumsiness (19%), with no significant differences in outcomes between early and late diagnosis.

Conclusion
Despite high rates of neurodevelopmental sequelae, no differences were found between early and late diagnosis groups. Further research is needed to assess the impact of delayed diagnosis on neurological outcomes in newborns with CCH. Improved strategies for detecting CCH in newborns are also necessary.
In Vivo Formation of Adrenal Organoids in a Novel Porcine Model of Adrenocortical Cell Transplantation
Authors: Clarke Brigette Marie , Kireta Svjetlana , Johnston Julie , Christou Chris , Greenwood John Edward , Hurtado Plinio R , Manavis Jim , Coates Patrick Toby , Torpy David J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Recognizing the limitations of current therapies for Addison's disease, novel treatments that replicate dynamic physiologic corticosteroid secretion, under control of ACTH, are required. The aim of these experiments was to evaluate the feasibility of adrenocortical cell transplantation (ACT) in a large animal model, adapting methods successfully used for intracutaneous pancreatic islet cell transplantation, using a fully biodegradable temporizing matrix. Autologous porcine ACT was undertaken by bilateral adrenalectomy, cell isolation, culture, and intracutaneous injection into a skin site preprepared using a biodegradable temporizing matrix (BTM) foam. Hydrocortisone support was provided during adrenocortical cell engraftment and weaned as tolerated. Blood adrenocortical hormone concentrations were monitored, and the transplant site was examined at endpoint. Outcome measures included cellular histochemistry, systemic hormone production, and hydrocortisone independence. Transplanted adrenocortical cells showed a capability to survive and proliferate within the intracutaneous site and an ability to self-organize into discrete tissue organoids with features of the normal adrenal histologic architecture. Interpretation of systemic hormone levels was confounded by the identification of accessory adrenals and regenerative cortical tissue within the adrenal bed postmortem. Corticosteroids were unable to be completely ceased.
ACT in a large animal model has not previously been attempted, yet it is an important step toward clinical translation. These results demonstrate rhe potential for ACT based on the development of adrenal organoids at the BTM site. However, the inability to achieve clinically relevant systemic hormone production suggests insufficient function, likely attributable to insufficient cells through delivered dose and subsequent proliferation.
A register approach to negative concord versus negative polarity items in English
Authors: Rotter Stephanie , Liu Mingya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Negative concord (NC) is used in many English varieties but usually considered ungrammatical in ‘standard’ contemporary English, where negative polarity items (NPIs) are used. In this paper, we take a novel experimental approach to the use of NC versus NPI constructions, in relation to register, sets of speech repertoires linked to specific situational and functional parameters. We report on two rating experiments with American and British English participants using interlocutor relations as a formality manipulation. Results show that (i) across both samples, NC constructions were rated as less appropriate than NPI associates, and (ii) there was a register effect in the American English data in that NC was rated less appropriate in formal than informal contexts. Our study is the first to provide experimental evidence for the register-sensitivity of NC constructions in American English.
O Novo Direito do Mar, Amazônia Azul e Pré-Sal
Authors: Mattos Adherbal Meira 
Published: July 2024

A Convenção de Montego Bay/82 (Convenção da Jamaica ou Convenção da ONU) sobre Direito do Mar, complementada pelo Acordo de Implementação/94 (Boat Paper) trata, inter alia, de mar territorial, zona contígua, zona econômica exclusiva, plataforma continental, alto mar, fundo do mar internacional (“Área”), meio ambiente, investigação científica marinha, solução de controvérsias, Estados Arquipélagos, estreitos, mares e Estados sem litoral.
ANTÍGONE: A DIGNIDADE ANTES (INCLUSIVE) QUE A REABILITAÇÃO
Authors: Gonnella Patrizio 
Published: July 2024

Antígone é uma associação fundada nos anos oitenta a partir da homônima revista contra a emergência das prisões italianas, promovida, entre outros, por Massimo Cacciari, Stefano Rodotà, Mauro Palma, e Rossana Rossanda. Antígone se dedica à preparação de projetos de lei e à definição de possíveis linhas de propostas modificadoras das leis aprovadas; promove campanhas de informação e sensibilização sobre direitos humanos e luta contra a tortura, inclusive mediante a publicação da revista semestral Antígone.
RESENHA: Discutir la cárcel, pensar la sociedad: Contra el sentido común punitivo.
Authors: Núñez Almeida Letícia Núñez Almeida , Teixeira Paschoalino Inara 
Published: July 2024

Resenha do livro: Gianella Bardazano, Aníbal Corti, Nicolás Duffau, Nicolás Trajtenberg (Comp.). Discutir la cárcel, pensar la sociedad: Contra el sentido común punitivo. Montevideo, Uruguay: CSIC Universidad de la República; Trilce, 2015.