bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Frequency as an Integral Method for the Testing of Anisotropic 3D Sheet Metal Structure
Authors: Kazak Fedor , Weiss Sabine 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The literature review showed that honeycomb-structured fine sheet metals were not adequately investigated regarding their fatigue strength. Moreover, some development in experimental methods for fatigue strength of structured specimens will be necessary. Honeycomb-structured fine sheet metals of the deep-drawing steel DC04 with a thickness of 0.5 mm were examined. Three specimen types were prepared and tested for their fatigue strength. The fatigue tests were performed on a resonant testing machine. Analysis of the resonant frequency was used to clarify the issues of stability and degradation mechanism of the structured sheet metals. A method for characterization of honeycomb-structured sheet metals under cyclic load was developed. Adopted clamping plates were constructed and used for the experiments. The fatigue strength of honeycomb-structured sheet metals was determined. The reasons for low fatigue limit of structured sheet metals were exposed and suggestions for improvement were presented.
Fabrication of Al/Mg Bimetal Compound Casting by Lost Foam Technique and Liquid-Solid Process
Authors: Guler Kerem Altug , Kisasoz Alptekin , Karaaslan Ahmet 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In the present experimental study, bimetal aluminium/magnesium macro composites which contain magnesium core were fabricated via compound casting by lost foam casting process. AM50 Mg alloy prismatic core was placed into a cubic EPS foam pattern. Conventional process steps of lost foam casting were followed and A319 casting aluminium alloy was melted and poured. Experimental studies have shown that determination of casting temperature is very important to avoid melting of Mg alloy core. Microstructures of sectioned cast specimens were observed by light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and Brinell hardness tests were carried out. Especially, transition zone and Al/Mg interface were in the focus of research.
Investigation of Lost Foam Casted Aluminum Bimetal Microstructures
Authors: Guler Kerem Altug , Kisasoz Alptekin , Karaaslan Ahmet 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Production and applications of both ferrous and non-ferrous bimetals have been increased due to several advantages and the respective fabrication techniques and procedures are rapidly developing. Liquid metal based fabrication techniques of bimetal production can be classified in two types, i. e., liquid-solid and liquid-liquid processes. Lost foam casting technique can be successfully employed for both liquid-solid and liquid-liquid bimetal composite productions. In this study, A380 and A6063 aluminum alloys were used to produce a bimetallic structure by conventional lost foam casting with the liquid-liquid process. There are two main principles of the liquid-liquid process. Firstly, both alloys are joined in liquid phase and solidified. Secondly, crucible tilting of he metals is carried out synchronously at the same time. The Brinell hardness of the cast specimens was measured and the microstructures of the joint were investigated by light microscope and SEM. Additionally, EDX mapping analysis of the bonding zone was carried out.
Effects of Si and Zn on Machinability and Wear Resistance of AZ91 and AS91 Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Akyuz Birol 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this study, the effect of zinc (Zn) and silicon (Si) in the industrially very important magnesium alloys AZ91 (9 % Al, 1 % Zn) and AS91 (9 % Al, 1 % Si) has been investigated, with respect to wear resistance and machinability. The hardness of the intermetallic phases found in the microstructure of the alloys AZ91 and AS91 was observed to affect the wear resistance and machinability. It turned out that Mg2Si found in the microstructure of AS91 alloy reduced the machinability while this intermetallic phase increased the hardness and the wear resistance.
Radiation Emission during SMAW Applications on SS304 and A36 Steels*
Authors: Gursel Ali , Kurt Adem 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
High energy radiation is produced during arc welding applications. For this reason, it is important to investigate the process in detail with respect to the welding technique, electrical current and materials. In this study, the SMAW (shielded metal arc welding) technique was used to weld specimens made of stainless steel SS304 and of low carbon steel A36. Welding currents of 90, 105, 120 and 135 A were selected. The radiation types and luminosities were measured for each material as well as the respective magnitude of electrical current. During the welding applications, UV radiation was mostly observed. In addition, visible light and IR radiation in the range of 200 to 1000 nanometers on the optical scale were recorded. The effects of electric currents on the photon energy rates were clearly pronounced. A larger radiation energy was observed for the UV band for welding both materials at all parameters.
Influence of Welding Wire Selection on the Strength and Toughness of Welded Armor Steel Joints*
Authors: Evci Celal , Işık Halil , Değirmenci Ercan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Since MIL-A-46100D high hardness armor steel plates with excellent resistance to penetration exhibit high strength, selecting the proper electrode used in the gas metal arc welding process is particularly important to obtain a weld joint with high quality satisfying the adequate strength and toughness requirements at the same time. Selecting a consumable electrode with a lower strength than the armor material enhances the ductility and the toughness, reduces the risk of cracking in the weld zone, but it may lead to a considerable loss in strength of welded armor steel joints as well. Thus, an optimization of strength and toughness is required in welding high hardness armor steel plates. Within the scope of this study, two different austenitic stainless solid wires, one of which conforms to AWS 5.9 and the other one to AWS 5.28, and two different cored wires conforming to AWS 5.29 standards were analyzed and compared with respect to weld joint strength and toughness. Although weld joints fabricated with solid wires were superior in weld toughness, weld joints with austenitic cored wires exhibited considerably higher tensile strengths without a significant loss in toughness.
Effects of Surface Finishing on the Mechanical Properties of Induction Welded Iron Based Sintered Compacts*
Authors: Çavdar Uğur , Yalamac Emre , Gülsahin İbrahim 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this study, iron based sintered parts were welded by high frequency induction welding. The effects of surface roughness on the mechanical properties of induction welded samples were investigated. Polished and unpolished samples were welded and mechanically tested by three point bending test. The hardness of the samples increased from the base material towards the weld metal. The weld metal, heat affected zone and the base material of the samples were investigated by light microscopy. In contrast to the polished samples, corrosion attack was registered in the welded region of unpolished samples. According to the results, the welding duration affects the mechanical properties. However, the surface finishing process was the dominant factor for the bending strength of the welded samples.
Investigation of Mechanical Properties of MIG Brazed DP 600 Steel Joints Using Different Working Angles*
Authors: Varol Faruk , Colak Murat , Akkaş Nuri , Ozsarac Ugur , Aslanlar Salim 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this study, dual phase (DP 600) steel plates with a thickness of 1 mm were joined by copper-based (CuAl8) wire using gas metal arc brazing technique. Specimens were prepared in butt joint form. Brazing operations were done at four different working angles: 50°, 60°, 70°, 80° and 90°, respectively. CuAl8 wire consisted largely of copper served as the filler metal. After completing the brazing operations, the tensile properties as well as the micro- and macro-structures of the joints were analyzed in order to investigate the joinability of DP 600 steel using gas metal arc brazing technique.
Wear Behavior of Fe-C-Cr Based Hardfacing Alloys Dependent on Ferrovanadium and Ferrotungsten Addition*
Authors: Kapali Gülin , Şahin Salim , Yüksel Nilay , Sargin Fatih , Yaman Barbaros 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of vanadium and tungsten on wear behavior of Fe-C-Cr based hardfacing alloys. The wear behavior of hardfacing layers was determined by dry sand/rubber wheel abrasion tests according to ASTM G-65. The results of the abrasion tests were interpreted by metallographic examinations, SEM and EDX analyses as well as hardness measurements. According to the results of the experimental studies, the effect of W and V addition was discussed.
Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar and Similar Cold Metal Transfer Welded Galvanized Steel 1314 and Aluminum AA1050*
Authors: İrizalp Alaattin Ozan , Durmus Hülya , Yüksel Nilay , Türkmen İlyas , Uzun Onur 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the weldability of 1050 aluminum alloy (AA1050) and galvanized 1314 steel by the cold metal transfer (CMT) procedur, comparing it with respective welding of similar aluminum sheets. Mechanical properties of welded specimens were determined by tensile testing and hardness measurements. The study was completed by microstructural analysis. The results showed that CMT welding can be applied successfully to join aluminum and steel.
Hydrogen storage kinetics of as-cast and spun (Mg24Ni10Cu2)100–x
Nd
x
(x = 0–20) alloys
Authors: Zhang Yanghuan , Yang Tai , Zhai Tingting , Yuan Zeming , Dong Xiaoping , Zhao Dongliang 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
(Mg24Ni10Cu2)100–x
Nd
x
(x = 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20) alloys with nanocrystalline and amorphous structures were prepared by melt-spinning. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveal that the as-spun Nd-free alloy displays an entirely nanocrystalline structure, whereas the as-spun Nd15 alloy, differing from Nd0 alloy, exhibits nanocrystals embedded in an amorphous matrix. This suggests that the addition of Nd facilitates the amorphous formation ability of the alloys. Melt spinning significantly improves the gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage kinetics of the alloys. Furthermore, melt spinning enhances the diffusion ability of hydrogen atoms in the alloy, but it impairs the charge-transfer reaction on the surface of the alloy electrode, which gives rise to the high-rate dischargeability of the alloy electrode, first mounting up and then going down with the increase in spinning rate.
A study on the pseudoelasticity of low temperature aged and thermomechanically treated Ti-51.5 at.% Ni shape memory alloy
Authors: Karimzadeh Mehrdad , Aboutalebi Mohammad Reza , Salehi Mohammad Taghi , Abbasi Seyyed Mahdi , Morakabati Maryam 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The aim of the present work is to investigate the effects of low temperature aging and thermomechanical treatments on the transformation and deformation behavior of an Ni-rich NiTi alloy. One sample of solution treated Ti-51.5 at.% Ni shape memory alloy was aged at 300°C for 1 hr. The other solution annealed sample, was firstly cold rolled to a reduction of 20% and then aged at 300°C for 1 hr. Applying these treatments, samples showed R-phase transformations in the absence of B19′ phase formation according to differential scanning calorimetry curves. By applying 20% cold reduction in area prior to aging, almost complete recovery of strain was observed and pseudoelasticity improved significantly compared to the conventional aged sample. Results of thermal analysis and tensile tests suggest that the observed pseudoelasticity for the thermomechanically treated sample can be due to stress-induced formation of R-phase. It is proposed that if stress-induced transformation of B19′ phase does not take place, stress-induced transformation of R-phase can extend to higher than 1% strain. Hence, pseudoelastic behavior due to this transformation can be observed.
On the orientation dependence of grain boundary triple line energy in Cu
Authors: Zhao Bingbing , Shvindlerman Lasar , Gottstein Günter 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Triple lines are the lines of intersection of three interfaces, either external interfaces or internal interfaces of a bulk material. They have been recognized as important microstructural features with specific kinetic and thermodynamic properties. Utilizing atomic force microscopy, the line tensions, i.e. the energy of grain boundary-free surface triple lines and grain boundary triple junctions for different crystallographic systems in copper were determined. The line tension of grain boundary triple junctions in copper was found to be positive and of the order of 10−9 J m−1. Junctions including low energy boundaries, twin boundaries and low angle boundaries revealed a substantially lower line tension than triple junctions comprised only of random high angle boundaries. A simple model based on a constant grain boundary energy density is proposed to account for the orientation dependence of triple line energy.
The superplasticity of friction stir processed Al-5Mg alloy with additions of scandium and zirconium
Authors: Smolej Anton , Klobčar Damjan , Skaza Brane , Nagode Aleš , Slaček Edvard , Dragojević Vukašin , Smolej Samo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The paper describes the effect of minor additions of scandium and zirconium on the superplastic behaviour of friction stir processed Al-5Mg based alloy. The measurements included the flow curves and tensile elongations of (in wt.%) Al-5Mg-0.1Zr, Al-5Mg-0.2Sc, and Al-5Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr alloys at initial strain rates ranging from 1 × 10−3 to 1 × 10−1 s−1, and at forming temperatures from 350 to 500°C. The inclusion of friction stir processing at tool rotation rates of 95 and 475 rpm considerably enhanced the superplastic behaviour of the Al-5Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr alloy, which was reflected in elongations without failure of over 1900%. Other friction stir processed alloys, treated at lower tool rotation rates, did not achieve superplasticity due to abnormal grain growth. The results yielded by the friction stir processed alloys are compared with the superplastic behaviour of the same alloys produced conventionally by cold rolling.
Waldbau und die Faustmann-Theorie
Authors: Coordes Renke 
Published: September 2014

Silviculture and the Faustmann theory
The Faustmann model is the heart of a theory seeking to explain the management and evolution of forests as a social process. A weak spot of the theory, however, is its inability to model diverse silvicultural treatments of forest stands. Basically, the Faustmann model represents the management of trees in plantations alternating between clear-cuts and uniform regeneration. Probably the main limitation of the Faustmann model is its lack to address thinnings, which constitute a considerable part of the timber harvested, in particular in Central Europe. New developments within forestry economic theory, however, help interpreting the Faustmann model as a special case of a homogeneous and independent or else heterogeneous and interdependent forest management. With variable basic units and the introduction of interdependencies, any forest management regime can basically be analysed. Accordingly, thinnings in homogeneous stands might be understood as special cases of the management of mixed stands, which, in turn, represent a special case of uneven-aged management of stands and entire forests. First, the introduction of variable basic units and interdependencies is outlined, taking the example of thinnings. On this basis, the necessary adjustments and conclusions for mixed and uneven-aged forest stands are discussed, which finally allow for a general silvicultural model on an economic basis.
Le DSM et la politique
Authors: Landman Patrick 
Published: September 2014

Le DSM depuis sa version III a promu une nouvelle langue, en rupture avec la clinique et athéorique. Cette nouvelle langue a entraîné des conséquences politiques : logique de la preuve, place de la médico-économie, évaluation, neuromania, conflits d’intérêts, négociations, rôle des experts et des usagers. Le mésusage des paradigmes du DSM sont de plus en plus évidents. La psychiatrie post-DSM est à construire avec une place pour la psychanalyse.
A Novel Method Using Blinatumomab for Efficient, Clinical-Grade Expansion of Polyclonal T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy
Authors: Golay Josée , D’Amico Anna , Borleri Gianmaria , Bonzi Michela , Valgardsdottir Rut , Alzani Rachele , Cribioli Sabrina , Albanese Clara , Pesenti Enrico , Finazzi Maria Chiara , Quaresmini Giulia , Nagorsen Dirk , Introna Martino , Rambaldi Alessandro 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Current treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients often results in life-threatening immunosuppression. Furthermore, CLL is still an incurable disease due to the persistence of residual leukemic cells. These patients may therefore benefit from immunotherapy approaches aimed at immunoreconstitution and/or the elimination of residual disease following chemotherapy. For these purposes, we designed a simple GMP-compliant protocol for ex vivo expansion of normal T cells from CLL patients’ peripheral blood for adoptive therapy, using bispecific Ab blinatumomab (CD3 × CD19), acting both as T cell stimulator and CLL depletion agent, and human rIL-2. Starting from only 10 ml CLL peripheral blood, a mean 515 × 106 CD3+ T cells were expanded in 3 wk. The resulting blinatumomab-expanded T cells (BET) were polyclonal CD4+ and CD8+ and mostly effector and central memory cells. The Th1 subset was slightly prevalent over Th2, whereas Th17 and T regulatory cells were &lt;1%. CMV-specific clones were detected in equivalent proportion before and after expansion. Interestingly, BET cells had normalized expression of the synapse inhibitors CD272 and CD279 compared with starting T cells and were cytotoxic against CD19+ targets in presence of blinatumomab in vitro. In support of their functional capacity, we observed that BET, in combination with blinatumomab, had significant therapeutic activity in a systemic human diffuse large B lymphoma model in NOD-SCID mice. We propose BET as a therapeutic tool for immunoreconstitution of heavily immunosuppressed CLL patients and, in combination with bispecific Ab, as antitumor immunotherapy.
Innate Inflammation Induced by the 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase-1–KRAS–NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Aguilera-Aguirre Leopoldo , Bacsi Attila , Radak Zsolt , Hazra Tapas K. , Mitra Sankar , Sur Sanjiv , Brasier Allan R. , Ba Xueqing , Boldogh Istvan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract8-Oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1) is the primary enzyme for repairing 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) via the DNA base excision repair pathway (OGG1-BER). Accumulation of 8-oxoG in the genomic DNA leads to genetic instability and carcinogenesis and is thought to contribute to the worsening of various inflammatory and disease processes. However, the disease mechanism is unknown. In this study, we proposed that the mechanistic link between OGG1-BER and proinflammatory gene expression is OGG1’s guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity, acquired after interaction with the 8-oxoG base and consequent activation of the small GTPase RAS. To test this hypothesis, we used BALB/c mice expressing or deficient in OGG1 in their airway epithelium and various molecular biological approaches, including active RAS pulldown, reporter and Comet assays, small interfering RNA–mediated depletion of gene expression, quantitative RT-PCR, and immunoblotting. We report that the OGG1-intiated repair of oxidatively damaged DNA is a prerequisite for GDP→GTP exchange, KRAS-GTP–driven signaling via MAP kinases and PI3 kinases and mitogen-stress–related kinase-1 for NF-κB activation, proinflammatory chemokine/cytokine expression, and inflammatory cell recruitment to the airways. Mice deficient in OGG1-BER showed significantly decreased immune responses, whereas a lack of other Nei-like DNA glycosylases (i.e., NEIL1 and NEIL2) had no significant effect. These data unveil a previously unidentified role of OGG1-driven DNA BER in the generation of endogenous signals for inflammation in the innate signaling pathway.
International Federation of Head Neck Oncology Society 5th World Congress/American Head Neck Society 2014 update
Authors: Sharma Shilpi , Chaukar Devendra A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHead neck cancer is an important health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Early detection and adequate treatment improve prognosis significantly. Thus creating awareness among clinicians is an important step toward control of head neck cancer and reducing its overall burden. We here provide an update on the International Federation of Head Neck Oncology Society/American Head Neck Society 2014 held between July 26, 2014 and July 30, 2014 in New York.
Synthesis of a New Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Sorption of the Silver Ions from Geological and Antiseptic Samples for Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Hashemi-Moghaddam Hamid , Yahyazadeh Faegheh , Vardini Mohammad Taghi 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized using methacrylic acid (functional monomer), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (crosslinker), 2,2′-azobisisobutironitril (initiator), silver (Ag) dithizone complex (template), and chloroform (porogenic solvent). This process was a noncovalent, bulk, thermal radical-polymerization. To compare the performance of this polymer, control polymer (nonimprinted polymer) was prepared under well-defined conditions without the use of a template. Extraction experiments were performed on the MIP and a nonimprinted polymer. Then, various parameters were optimized, such as pH, time, concentration of sample, and type of eluent for elution of Ag from polymer. In addition, interfering effects were investigated on the absorption of Ag by the MIP. This polymer was used for the rapid extraction and preconcentration of Ag from an antiseptic and geological sample. Finally, the amount of Ag was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration by the synthesized MIP, and results were compared with a direct inductively coupled plasma method. The results showed high performance of this method in preconcentration of Ag.
Free Radical Scavenging Fingerprints of Selected Aromatic and Medicinal Tunisian Plants Assessed by Means of TLC-DPPH• Test and Image Processing
Authors: El Euch Salma Kammoun , Cieśla Łukasz , Bouzouita Nabiha 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Aqueous-methanol extracts prepared from 10 Tunisian plant species were analyzed for the presence of potent direct antioxidants. The analyzed species included: Anacyclus clavatus Desf., Erica multiflora L., Cistus salvifolius L., Centaurium erythraea Rafn., Marrubium vulgare L., Lavandula stoechas L., Artemisia campestris L., Origanum majorana L., Salvia officinalis L., and Pistacia lentiscus L. All the extracts were chromatographed on the RP18 W plates with methanol–water–acetic acid (48 + 47 + 5, v/v/v) mobile phase. Upon completion of the chromatographic development and the drying step, the plates were stained with a chloroform solution of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•). An image processing protocol, with use of Sorbfil TLC Videodensitometer, was applied to quantitatively measure the activity of polyphenols and to screen complex samples for the presence of free radical scavengers. The activity of the individual compounds was compared with that of rutin, used as a standard. The TLC-DPPH• test showed that C. salvifolius had the most potent antioxidant activity, as it possessed the highest activity coefficient (calculated as the sum of the areas under the peaks of all active compounds/area under peak of rutin). The proposed procedure may be used to differentiate potent chain-breaking antioxidants and compounds propagating radical chain reactions.