bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracteur / Traktor
Authors: Müller Heiner , Morel Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2014

Résumé	Les scènes de Tracteur ont été écrites entre 1955 et 1961 (les commentaires en italiques datent de 1974). Elles se déroulent dans l’immédiate après-guerre en Allemagne orientale et racontent les champs encore remplis des mines de la Wehrmacht, les tractoristes qui se font tuer ou perdent une jambe ou un bras pour avoir passé la charrue sur une mine. Traduction Jean-Pierre Morel.
La Caravelle, une cité HLM
Authors: Mangeot Philippe 
Published: October 2014

Résumé	C’est l’histoire de La Caravelle, un ensemble de barres HLM construit à Villeneuve-la-Garenne entre 1959 et 1968, qui contient dans son nom la promesse d’un nouveau monde. C’est l’histoire de La Caravelle au moment où Roland Castro s’apprête à la remodeler intégralement. C’est l’histoire d’une cité qui devient neuf quartiers. C’est l’histoire de ses habitants, de ceux qui sont partis, de ceux qui sont venus, de ceux qui ne veulent pas la quitter. C’est aussi une histoire à la fois singulière et exemplaire de l’habitat social en France.
Le PCF et la question algérienne (1959)
Authors: Vernant Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2014

Résumé Durant la guerre d’Algérie, l’opposition interne du PCF, en rupture avec l’« esprit » et la discipline de parti, s’affronte durement aux positions de la direction : contre le vote des pouvoirs spéciaux en 1956, contre la condamnation des attentats du FLN en 1954, contre l’exclusion des communistes qui soutiennent le FLN. À la fin des années 50, c’est dans L’Étincelle, journal interne, et Voies nouvelles, périodique vendu en kiosque, animés par Victor Leduc et Jean-Pierre Vernant, que paraîtront les critiques les plus virulentes d’une politique qui rejette l’indépendance de l’Algérie. S’il n’en traite pas directement, ce texte nous a semblé éclairer une dimension importante des événements du 17 octobre : l’intolérable, souvent, n’advient que parce que toléré, en creux, par les institutions - ici, celles de la gauche officielle
Feasibility of Retinal Screening in a Pediatric Population With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kolomeyer Anton M. , Nayak Natasha V. , Simon Melissa A. , Szirth Bernard C. , Shahid Khadija , Sheng Iris Y. , Xia Tina , Khouri Albert S. 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:
To study the feasibility of using a nonmydriatic camera to screen children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) as young as 2 years for diabetic retinopathy.

Methods:
Prospective pilot imaging study involving children with DM1 aged 2 to 17 years. The screening consisted of: (1) intake form; (2) measurement of blood pressure, pulse, and oximetry; (3) assessment of visual acuity (SIMAV, Padova, Italy); and (4) nonmydriatic color imaging (Canon CX-1 45° 15.1 megapixel camera; Canon Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Images were assessed for signs of diabetic retinopathy and graded for quality on a scale of 1 to 5 by two clinicians. Kappa coefficient was calculated to determine inter-observer agreement.

Results:

One hundred four of 106 (98%) children underwent imaging (mean age: 11.1 years, 51% male, 88% white). One (1%) child had nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and 2 (1.9%) had incidental findings. Only 62% of children had an eye examination within the past year, with children with DM1 for more than 5 years significantly more likely to have done so (
P
= .03). Children who had an eye examination within the past year were significantly older than their counterparts (
P
= .01). Images of high quality (grades 4 and 5) were acquired in 178 (86%) eyes, and images of some clinical value (grades ≥ 2) were obtained in 207 (99.5%) eyes. Inter-observer agreement for image quality was 0.896.

Conclusions:
The feasibility of using a nonmydriatic camera to screen children as young as 2 years for changes related to diabetic eye disease was demonstrated. Nonmydriatic imaging may supplement standard dilated clinical ophthalmology examinations for select patient populations.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(5):299–306.]
Surgical Outcome of Strabismus Surgery in Patients With Unilateral Vision Loss and Horizontal Strabismus
Authors: Dotan Gad , Nelson Leonard B. , Mezad-Koursh Daphna , Stolovitch Chaim , Cohen Yuval , Morad Yair 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:
To report on the surgical outcome of horizontal strabismus surgery in patients diagnosed as having unilateral vision loss.

Methods:
Medical records of all patients with unilateral vision loss who underwent surgical repair of horizontal strabismus between 2008 and 2013 at three medical centers were reviewed. Data collected included age at time of surgery, type of strabismus, preoperative and postoperative deviation, procedure performed, and length of follow-up. Surgical success was defined as final alignment of 10 prism diopters (PD) or less unless more than one surgery was required to realign the eyes.

Results:

Twenty-one patients (9 children) were reviewed. Mean age at time of surgery was 28.3 years (range: 3 to 64 years) and mean follow-up was 20 months (range: 6 months to 5 years). Mean preoperative logMAR visual acuity in the deviating eyes (14 right eyes) was 1.4 ± 0.7 (range: 1.0 to 2.8) and mean deviation was 33 PD (range: 15 to 90 PD). All procedures were performed only on the deviating eye (13 recessions and 8 recession–resection procedures). Mean postoperative deviation was 6.4 PD (range: 0 to 25 PD) and 81% of patients had a manifest ocular deviation of 10 PD or less. Surgical success was comparable in children versus adults (
P
= .603), in patients with esotropia versus exotropia (
P
= 1.000), in patients with preoperative deviations larger than 30 PD compared to patients with smaller deviations (
P
= .521), and in patients in whom one muscle was operated on compared to all other patients (
P
= .617).

Conclusions:
Strabismus surgery in patients with unilateral vision loss is often successful in correcting ocular misalignment.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(5):294–298.]
Effect of Anterior Corneal Surface Asphericity Modification on Fourth-Order Zernike Spherical Aberrations
Authors: Gatinel Damien , Azar Dimitri T. , Dumas Laurent , Malet Jacques 
Published: October 2014

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the theoretical influence of the change in corneal asphericity (ΔQ) on the change in fourth-order Zernike spherical aberration coefficient (ΔC
4
0
) with customized aspheric refractive correction of myopia and hyperopia.

METHODS:

The initial anterior corneal surface profile was modeled as a conic section of apical radius of curvature R
0
and asphericity Q
0
. The postoperative corneal profile was modeled as a conic section of apical curvature R
1
and asphericity Q
1
, where R
1
was computed from defocus D, and Q
1
selected for controlling the postoperative asphericity. The corresponding change in fourth-order spherical aberration (ΔC
0
4
) was computed within a 6-mm optical zone using inner products applied to the incurred optical path changes. These calculations were repeated for different values of D, R
0
, Q
0
, and various intended ΔC
4
0
values.

RESULTS:

Increasing negative spherical aberration (ΔC
4
0
< 0) requires a change toward more negative values of asphericity (increased prolateness; ΔQ < 0) for hyperopic and low myopic corrections, but more positive values (ΔQ < 0) for high myopic correction. The larger the intended change in corneal spherical aberration (ΔC
4
0
), the more myopic the threshold value for which the required change in asphericity, ΔQ, becomes positive. The influence of the magnitude of paraxial defocus correction is less pronounced when larger changes in C
4
0
are intended.

CONCLUSIONS:
These results provide a basis for controlling the direction (sign) and the magnitude of spherical aberration changes when using customized aspheric profiles of ablation.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(10):708–715.]
Assessment of Ocular Biomechanics Using Dynamic Ultra High-Speed Scheimpflug Imaging in Keratoconic and Normal Eyes
Authors: Tian Lei , Ko Match W. L. , Wang Li-ke , Zhang Jia-ying , Li Tian-jie , Huang Yi-fei , Zheng Yong-ping 
Published: October 2014

PURPOSE:
To introduce several new ocular biomechanical parameters for comparison between keratoconic and normal eyes using an analysis method based on corneal dynamic deformation video recorded by corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (Corvis ST; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).

METHODS:
This comparative study comprised 52 keratoconic eyes of 43 patients with keratoconus and 52 normal eyes of 52 controls. An analysis method (PolyU [Labview 2009; National Instrument, Austin, TX]) was developed to introduce several new ocular biomechanical parameters and to compare the difference between keratoconic and normal eyes. The repeatability of the new parameters measurement was evaluated and compared with the Corvis ST measurement. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to establish a cutoff value for the new biomechanical parameters.

RESULTS:

Intraclass correlation coefficients of the deformation amplitude, peak distance, corneal concave radius of curvature, maximum deformation area, maximum corneal inward velocity and outward velocity (V
in, max
and V
out, max
) were high in both the keratoconic and normal eyes (all intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.75). The measurement agreement of the PolyU analysis method and Corvis ST was good. Most of the biomechanical parameters of patients with keratoconus were significantly different from those of the controls. In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the V
in, max
was the best predictive parameter with an area under the curve of 0.79.

CONCLUSIONS:
The corneal deformation video recorded by the Corvis ST provides useful information for the study of ocular biomechanics. Most of the new ocular biomechanical parameters were significantly different between keratoconic and normal eyes. Further research is needed to develop more comprehensive clinical applications with these new ocular biomechanical parameters.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2014;30(11):785–791.]
Swept-Source OCT Angiography of Macular Telangiectasia Type 2
Authors: Thorell Mariana R. , Zhang Qinqin , Huang Yanping , An Lin , Durbin Mary K. , Laron Michal , Sharma Utkarsh , Stetson Paul F. , Gregori Giovanni , Wang Ruikang K. , Rosenfeld Philip J. 
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the central macular microvascular network in patients with macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel2) using optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based microangiography (OMAG).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Prospective, observational study of patients with MacTel2 evaluated using a swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) prototype. OMAG was performed using a 3 mm × 3 mm central foveal raster scan. The algorithm segmented the retina into three layers. Microvascular distribution was depicted as en face images, and qualitative information was compared to fluorescein angiography (FA) images.

RESULTS:
OMAG detected abnormal microvasculature in all MacTel2 eyes, predominantly in the middle retinal layers with neovascularization in the outer retina. These vessels correlated well with the FA alterations. The abnormal temporal, juxtafoveal microvasculature in MacTel2 became apparent as the disease progressed and in later stages tended to extend circumferentially, with anastomotic vessels temporally.

CONCLUSION:
OMAG provided detailed, depth- resolved information about the perifoveal macular microvasculature in MacTel2. In most cases, images were better using OMAG than FA. The OMAG images demonstrated that most of the leakage seen on FA appeared to arise from the abnormal perifoveal microvasculature in the middle retinal layer.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014; 45:369–380.]
Coordinated Regulation of NK Receptor Expression in the Maturing Human Immune System
Authors: Strauss-Albee Dara M. , Horowitz Amir , Parham Peter , Blish Catherine A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
NK cells are responsible for recognizing and killing transformed, stressed, and infected cells. They recognize a set of non–Ag-specific features termed “altered self” through combinatorial signals from activating and inhibitory receptors. These NKRs are also expressed on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, and monocytes, although a comprehensive inventory of NKR expression patterns across leukocyte lineages has never been performed. Using mass cytometry, we found that NKR expression patterns distinguish cell lineages in human peripheral blood. In individuals with high levels of CD57, indicative of a mature immune repertoire, NKRs are more likely to be expressed on non-NK cells, especially CD8+ T cells. Mature NK and CD8+ T cell populations show increased diversity of NKR surface expression patterns, but with distinct determinants: mature NK cells acquire primarily inhibitory receptors, whereas CD8+ T cells attain a specific subset of both activating and inhibitory receptors, potentially imbuing them with a distinct functional role. Concurrently, monocytes show decreased expression of the generalized inhibitory receptor leukocyte Ig–like receptor subfamily b member 1, consistent with an increased activation threshold. Therefore, NKR expression is coordinately regulated as the immune system matures, resulting in the transfer of “altered self” recognition potential among leukocyte lineages. This likely reduces Ag specificity in the mature human immune system, and implies that vaccines and therapeutics that engage both its innate and adaptive branches may be more effective in the settings of aging and chronic infection.
Trichodesmium sp. clade distributions in the western North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Rouco Mönica , Warren Hannah Joy , McGillicuddy Dennis J. , Waterbury John B. , Dyhrman Sonya T. 
Published: October 2014

To better understand the factors determining Trichodesmium clade (Clade III vs. Clade I) distribution, a quantitative polymerase chain reaction method was developed and applied to a sample set from the western North Atlantic. Clade distributions were compared with a suite of physicochemical parameters on a cruise transect from Woods Hole, Massachusetts, to Barbados during the spring of 2011. Clade I comprised > 90% of the total Trichodesmium spp. population. Depth distributions of both clades were similar in waters where there was a shallow (< 20 m) mixed‐layer depth (MLD), but segregated in the water column where the MLD was deep (> 80 m). Surface abundances of both clades were higher when the MLD was < 20 m. Temperature and salinity were correlated with both clades in the data set as a whole. However, when stations influenced by a freshwater salinity anomaly were removed, dissolved inorganic phosphorus and total dissolved phosphorus correlated with Clade I cell density only. These correlations underscore the influence of phosphorus in driving Trichodesmium sp. dynamics in this region and are suggestive of niche partitioning between the two clades.
The effect of a centenary storm on the long‐lived seagrass Posidonia oceanica
Authors: Gera Alessandro , Pagès Jordi F. , Arthur Rohan , Farina Simone , Roca Guillem , Romero Javier , Alcoverro Teresa 
Published: October 2014

We used the disturbance resulting from a once in a 100‐yr storm on the northwest Mediterranean coast to examine the extent of the disturbance, the tolerance thresholds to burial, and the medium‐term response of the long‐lived Posidonia oceanica seagrass. Sediment burial at 12 surveyed areas was particularly strong in shallow meadows, with 23% of their surfaces buried, on average, under more than 10 cm of sediment. In contrast, less than 5% of the meadow was affected at deeper locations. At three sites, we tracked short‐term mortality along a gradient of sediment burial. Survival response to burial was clearly nonlinear, with a significant threshold at 4–5 cm, beyond which shoot mortality was 100%. To track medium‐term potential recovery, we established permanent plots subject to three sediment burial levels (0–5, 5–10, and > 10 cm burial) in four meadows. Where the initial shoot mortality was 100%, we recorded no shoot recovery over the 4‐yr period. In the remaining plots, where some shoots remained alive, we detected either further mortality or shoot recovery of 7% per year on average. Extreme storm events can result in sudden catastrophic losses of seagrass cover in shallow P. oceanica meadows. In the long term and due to the long return time of such storms, the species may still be able to recover despite its low recovery potential. However, added anthropogenic stressors, including climate change, may seriously test the ability of long‐lived shallow seagrass ecosystems to resist high‐intensity natural disturbances and may be critical for its persistence.
Enter and Be Welcome: Doorways in the Old City of Bethlehem, Palestine
Authors: Ghadban Shadi Sami , Sahouri Shireen Fares 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
The contribution of doorways to our understanding of the history and function of a building and its historical context cannot be overstated. For this study, the doorways of Bethlehem were examined. This city has played an important role in the history of Palestine and has the distinction of being the birthplace of Jesus. The identification and protection of its unique doorways is imperative to preserving its cultural identity and historical authenticity. Consequently, the main objective here was to study the Old City of Bethlehem; document and analyze the condition, form, types, and characteristics of its doorways; and assess their value as historic forms that might be considered within a process of safeguarding and adapted use.
L’amitié, ou l’impossible politique
Authors: Bernier Émilie 
Published: October 2014

L’article s’intéresse au traitement original du thème de l’amitié dans la problématique de la vie affective développée dans le sillage d’une certaine phénoménologie, dont les toutes premières articulations se trouvent – paradoxalement – chez Heidegger. La portée n’en est mesurée qu’à la lumière d’une interprétation par Agamben et quelques représentants de la phénoménologie française récente, lectures qui permettent à son herméneutique d’échapper à la critique formulée par Arendt quant à son refus obstiné de la pluralité. Décelant dans cette littérature une notion d’amitié s’imposant comme tâche politique, l’article interroge son potentiel en vue d’une nécessaire pensée de la communauté.
Occurrence of solar flares viewed with GPS: Statistics and fractal nature
Authors: Monte‐Moreno Enrique , Hernández‐Pajares Manuel 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this paper we describe the statistical properties of the EUV solar flux sudden variation. The solar flux variation is modeled as a time series characterized by the subsolar Vertical Total Electron Content double difference in time, computed with dual‐frequency GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) measurements in the daylight hemisphere (GNSS solar flare indicator rate parameter). We propose a model that explains its characteristics and the forecasting limitations. The sudden overionization pattern is assumed to be of solar origin, and the data used in this study was collected during the last solar cycle. The two defining characteristics of this time series are an extreme variability (i.e., in a solar cycle one can find events at 400σ from the mean value) and a temporal correlation that is independent of the timescale. We give a characterization of a model that explains the empirical results and properties such as (a) the persistence and presence of bursts of solar flares and (b) their long tail peak values of the solar flux variation. We show that the solar flux variation time series can be characterized by a fractional Brownian model for the long‐term dependence, and a power law distribution for the extreme values that appear in the time series.
New total electron content retrieval improves SMOS sea surface salinity
Authors: Vergely Jean‐Luc , Waldteufel Philippe , Boutin Jacqueline , Yin Xiaobin , Spurgeon Paul , Delwart Steven 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe European Space Agency (ESA)‐led SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) mission aims at monitoring both soil moisture (SM) and ocean surface salinity (OS) on a global scale. The SMOS instrument is a microwave interferometric radiometer, which provides visibilities, from which brightness temperatures (TB) maps are reconstructed in the spacecraft' antenna reference frame. In this study, we investigate how to improve the retrieval of salinity thanks to a better knowledge of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC). We show how both the SMOS bias correction (the so‐called Ocean Target Transformation, OTT) and the half orbit TEC profile can be obtained from SMOS third Stokes parameter A3 using a location on the SMOS field of view (FOV) where the sensitivity of TB to TEC is highest. The resulting TEC global maps compare favorably with those built from the International Global navigation satellite system Service observations. TEC values obtained from A3 are next used to optimize the OTT estimation for every polarization, and proved to provide more stable values. Finally, improvements achieved in the salinity retrieved from SMOS data are reported.
Dynamic Photocontrol of the Coffee‐Ring Effect with Optically Tunable Particle Stickiness
Authors: Anyfantakis Manos , Baigl Damien 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWhen a colloidal drop dries on a surface, most of the particles accumulate at the drop periphery, yielding a characteristic ring‐shaped pattern. This so‐called coffee‐ring effect (CRE) is observed in any pinned evaporating drop containing non‐volatile solutes. Here, the CRE is dynamically controlled for the first time by using light, and an unprecedented reconfigurability of the deposit profile is demonstrated. This is achieved through a new mechanism where particle stickiness is optically tuned on demand, thus offering reliable modulation of the deposition pattern. The system consists of anionic nanoparticles and photosensitive cationic surfactants dispersed in water. It is shown that light‐dependent modulation of surfactant–particle interactions dictates particle attraction and trapping at the liquid–gas interface, which allows us to direct particle deposition into a wide range of patterns from rings to homogeneous disks. Patterning from single drops is photoreversible upon changing the wavelength whereas spatial control in multiple drop arrays is achieved using a photomask.
Sc(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Bicyclization of o‐Alkynylanilines with Aldehydes: Ring‐Fused 1,2‐Dihydroquinolines
Authors: Zhu Can , Ma Shengming 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA Sc(OTf)3‐catalyzed cascade Prins‐type cyclization reaction of o‐alkynylanilines, bearing a hydroxy or amine functionality, with aldehydes affords 1,2‐dihydroquinoline derivatives having an extra fused ring efficiently under mild reaction conditions. It is interesting to observe the reversed reactivity in the highly selective formation of 1,2‐dihydroquinoline derivatives instead of the formation of the usually favored indole derivatives.
Rational Design of Lower‐Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes via Nanotailoring of Co‐Assembled Composite Structures
Authors: Lee Kang Taek , Lidie Ashley A. , Yoon Hee Sung , Wachsman Eric D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA novel in situ co‐assembled nanocomposite LSM‐Bi1.6Er0.4O3 (ESB) (icn‐LSMESB) was obtained by conjugated wet‐chemical synthesis. It showed an enhancement of the cathode polarization at 600 °C by >140 times relative to conventional LSM‐Y0.08Zr0.84O1.92 (YSZ) cathodes and exceptional solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) performance of >2 W cm−2 below 750 °C. This demonstrates that this novel cost‐effective and broadly applicable process provides new opportunities for performance enhancement of energy storage and conversion devices by nanotailoring of composite electrodes.