bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MICHAEL TURNBULL, G. R. ELTON, AND THE MAKING OF THE PRACTICE OF HISTORY
Authors: MUNRO DOUG 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn 1964, the editor of Sydney University Press, Michael Turnbull, approached G. R. Elton to write the book that became The practice of history (1967). Remarkably, a famous University of Cambridge historian was persuaded to embark on what Turnbull correctly sensed would be an influential and profitable text, and this for an obscure and recently established publishing house located at the other end of the earth. Were it not for Turnbull, The practice of history would probably never have been written. But for Turnbull's editorial advice, a somewhat different book would have resulted. This article traces the close and fruitful working relationship between publisher and author, as well as the adversarial relationship between The practice of history and E. H. Carr's What is history? (1961). It also suggests that Turnbull intended The practice of history as part of a wider publishing purpose where big ideas could be expressed, given a mass audience, and thus contribute to debate and social change. Elton would have found such a socially engaged agenda abhorrent, had he known about it.
Childhood maltreatment modifies the relationship of depression with hippocampal volume
Authors: Gerritsen L. , van Velzen L. , Schmaal L. , van der Graaf Y. , van der Wee N. , van Tol M.-J. , Penninx B. , Geerlings M. 
Published: July 2015

Background.Childhood maltreatment (CM) may modify the relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and hippocampal volume reduction. To disentangle the impact of MDD and CM on hippocampal volume we investigated the association between MDD and hippocampal volume in persons with and without a history of CM in two independent cohorts.Method.We used data of 262 participants from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) (mean age 37 years, 32% male) and 636 participants from the SMART-Medea study (mean age 61 years, 81% male). In both studies a 12-month diagnosis of MDD and CM were assessed using a diagnostic interview. Hippocampal volume was measured in NESDA using FreeSurfer software on 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) images and in SMART it was manually outlined on 1.5-T MR images. With analysis of covariance adjusted for intracranial volume, age, gender and lifestyle factors we estimated the effects of MDD and CM on hippocampal volume.Results.In both cohorts CM was not significantly associated with hippocampal volume. After pooling the data MDD was associated with smaller hippocampal volume (B = −138.90 mm3, p = 0.05) and the interaction between MDD and CM reached significance (p = 0.04); in participants with CM, MDD was related to smaller hippocampal volume (NESDA: B = −316.8 mm3, p = 0.02; SMART: B = −407.6, p = 0.046), but not in participants without CM (p > 0.05).Conclusions.Our study shows that in two independent cohorts, particularly in individuals with CM, a diagnosis of MDD is related to smaller hippocampal volume. Prospective studies are needed to further determine through which mechanism CM may amplify the relationship between MDD and hippocampal volume.
Reciprocity in material and time support within parent–child relationships during late-life widowhood
Authors: ISHERWOOD L. M. , LUSZCZ M. A. , KING D. S. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe exchange of informal support within the social network plays a vital role in enabling older adults to remain living in the community as they age. Following spousal loss in later life, the exchange of instrumental support is of particular importance in order to meet the practical and financial needs of the bereaved spouse. Adult children are typically the primary source of social contact and informal support for older widowed adults following bereavement. However, very little is known of the longitudinal changes that occur in the exchange of instrumental support with children during the transition to late-life widowhood. Trajectories and predictors of change in material and time support exchange in parent–child relationships were modelled over a 15-year period for 1,266 older adults (mean age 76.7 years). Widowed older adults received more material and time support from their children than their married peers. Proximity to children, age at spousal loss, self-rated health, cognitive functioning and income were predictive of levels of exchanged instrumental support in late-life widowhood. Short-term reciprocity appears to continue in parent–child relationships during late-life widowhood. The implications of the findings for policy and practice are discussed, including the role of children in the support networks of older widowed adults and the potential difficulties faced by those who do not have access to informal avenues of support.
Irradiation asymmetry effects on the direct drive targets compression for the megajoule laser facility
Authors: Demchenko N.N. , Doskoch I.YA. , Gus'kov S.YU. , Kuchugov P.A. , Rozanov V.B. , Stepanov R.V. , Vergunova G.A. , Yakhin R.A. , Zmitrenko N.V. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn the previous works (Rozanov et al., 2013; 2015) we have performed one-dimensional (1D) numerical simulations of the target compression and burning at the absorbed energy of ~1.5 MJ. As a result, the target was chosen to have a low initial aspect ratio in order to be less sensitive to the influence of such parameters as laser pulse duration, total laser energy, and equations of state model. The simulation results demonstrated a higher probability of ignition and effective burning of such a system. In the present work we discuss the impact of irradiation asymmetry on this baseline target implosion. The details of the 1D compression and a possible influence of 2D and 3D effects due to the hydrodynamic instability and mixing have been described. In accordance with the 2D calculations the target is still ignited, however, the symmetry analysis of 3D ones gives reasons to further reduce the efficiency of conversion of kinetic energy into potential energy.
Impaired quality of life in treatment-seeking obese children of Dutch, Moroccan, Turkish and Surinamese descent
Authors: Radhakishun Nalini NE , de Wit Maartje , van Vliet Mariska , von Rosenstiel Ines A , Beijnen Jos H , Brandjes Dees PM , Diamant Michaela 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of overweight and obese multi-ethnic children compared with normal-weight children; and to investigate differences in HRQOL between self- and parent-proxy reports and ethnic groups.DesignProspective cross-sectional study.SettingOut-patient clinic where children and their parents filled out a validated HRQOL questionnaire (KIDSCREEN-52) and height, weight, waist circumference and fat percentage were measured.SubjectsOverweight and obese children, aged 8–18 years (mean BMIZ-score 3·2 (sd0·6)), from the obesity out-patient clinic.ResultsThree hundred and eight self- and 213 parent-proxy reported questionnaires were completed. Global HRQOL and the Physical Wellbeing, Moods & Emotions and Self-Perception subscales were markedly reduced in our multi-ethnic obese cohort, relative to the Dutch reference values. Parent proxies reported significantly lower on the global HRQOL and the Physical Wellbeing, Moods & Emotions and Bullying subscales. In Caucasian children, multivariate analyses showed that BMI was associated with the quality-of-life subscales Moods & Emotions, Self-Perception and Bullying.ConclusionsHRQOL was markedly reduced in our multi-ethnic overweight and obese out-patient clinic cohort, with significantly lower parent-proxy scores compared with self-reported scores. We believe intervention programmes aiming to improve HRQOL should be directed to both parents and children, while ethnic-specific programmes to enhance HRQOL seem of less importance.
Dietary guidelines to nourish humanity and the planet in the twenty-first century. A blueprint from Brazil
Authors: Monteiro Carlos Augusto , Cannon Geoffrey , Moubarac Jean-Claude , Martins Ana Paula Bortoletto , Martins Carla Adriano , Garzillo Josefa , Canella Daniela Silva , Baraldi Larissa Galastri , Barciotte Maluh , Louzada Maria Laura da Costa , Levy Renata Bertazzi , Claro Rafael Moreira , Jaime Patrícia Constante 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo present and discuss the dietary guidelines issued by the Brazilian government in 2014.DesignThe present paper describes the aims of the guidelines, their shaping principles and the approach used in the development of recommendations. The main recommendations are outlined, their significance for the cultural, socio-economic and environmental aspects of sustainability is discussed, and their application to other countries is considered.SettingBrazil in the twenty-first century.SubjectsAll people in Brazil, now and in future.ResultsThe food- and meal-based Brazilian Dietary Guidelines address dietary patterns as a whole and so are different from nutrient-based guidelines, even those with some recommendations on specific foods or food groups. The guidelines are based on explicit principles. They take mental and emotional well-being into account, as well as physical health and disease prevention. They identify diet as having cultural, socio-economic and environmental as well as biological and behavioural dimensions. They emphasize the benefits of dietary patterns based on a variety of natural or minimally processed foods, mostly plants, and freshly prepared meals eaten in company, for health, well-being and all relevant aspects of sustainability, as well as the multiple negative effects of ready-to-consume ultra-processed food and drink products.ConclusionsThe guidelines’ recommendations are designed to be sustainable personally, culturally, socially, economically and environmentally, and thus fit to face this century. They are for foods, meals and dietary patterns of types that are already established in Brazil, which can be adapted to suit the climate, terrain and customs of all countries.
Surface magnetic fields across the HR Diagram
Authors: Landstreet John D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe past 20 years have seen remarkable advances in spectropolarimetric instrumentation that have allowed us, for the first time, to identify some magnetic stars in most major stages of stellar evolution. We are beginning to see the broad outline of how such fields change during stellar evolution, to confront theoretical hypotheses and models of magnetic field structure and evolution with detailed data, and to understand more of the ways in which the presence of a field in turn affects stellar structure and evolution.
Magnetic fields in early-type stars
Authors: Grunhut Jason H. , Neiner Coralie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFor several decades we have been cognizant of the presence of magnetic fields in early-type stars, but our understanding of their magnetic properties has recently (over the last decade) expanded due to the new generation of high-resolution spectropolarimeters (ESPaDOnS at CFHT, Narval at TBL, HARPSpol at ESO). The most detailed surface magnetic field maps of intermediate-mass stars have been obtained through Doppler imaging techniques, allowing us to probe the small-scale structure of these stars. Thanks to the effort of large programmes (e.g. the MiMeS project), we have, for the first time, addressed key issues regarding our understanding of the magnetic properties of massive (M> 8M⊙) stars, whose magnetic fields were only first detected about fifteen years ago. In this proceedings article we review the spectropolarimetric observations and statistics derived in recent years that have formed our general understanding of stellar magnetism in early-type stars. We also discuss how these observations have furthered our understanding of the interactions between the magnetic field and stellar wind, as well as the consequences and connections of this interaction with other observed phenomena.
Ultra-weak magnetic fields in Am stars: β UMa and θ Leo
Authors: Blazère A. , Petit P. , Lignières F. , Aurière M. , Ballot J. , Böhm T. , Folsom C. , Ariste A. López , Wade G.A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn extremely weak circularly-polarized signature was recently detected in the spectral lines of the Am star Sirius A. With a prominent positive lobe, the shape of the phase-averaged Stokes V line profile is atypical of stellar Zeeman signatures, casting doubts on its magnetic origin. We report here on ultra-deep spectropolarimetric observations of two more bright Am stars: β Uma and θ Leo. Stokes V line signatures are detected in both objects, with a shape and amplitude similar to the one observed on Sirius A. We demonstrate that the amplitude of the Stokes V line profiles depend on various line parameters (Landé factor, wavelength, depth) as expected from a Zeeman signature, confirming that extremely weak magnetic fields are likely present in a large fraction of Am stars. We suggest that the strong asymmetry of the polarized signatures, systematically observed so far in Am stars and never reported in strongly magnetic Ap stars, bears unique information about the structure and dynamics of the thin surface convective shell of Am stars.
Polarization calibration techniques and scheduling for the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope
Authors: Elmore David F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST), formerly Advanced Technology Solar Telescope when it begins operation in 2019 will be by a significant margin Earth's largest solar research telescope. Science priorities dictate an initial suite of instruments that includes four spectro-polarimeters. Accurate polarization calibration of the individual instruments and of the telescope optics shared by those instruments is of critical importance. The telescope and instruments have been examined end-to-end for sources of polarization calibration error, allowable contributions from each of the sources quantified, and techniques identified for calibrating each of the contributors. Efficient use of telescope observing time leads to a requirement of sharing polarization calibrations of common path telescope components among the spectro-polarimeters and for those calibrations to be repeated only as often as dictated by degradation of optical coatings and instrument reconfigurations. As a consequence the polarization calibration of the DKIST is a facility function that requires facility wide techniques.
The Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager for Solar Orbiter: SO/PHI
Authors: Solanki Sami K. , del Toro Iniesta Jose Carlos , Woch Joachim , Gandorfer Achim , Hirzberger Johann , Schmidt Wolfgang , Appourchaux Thierry , Alvarez-Herrero Alberto ,   the SO/PHI team
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Solar Orbiter is the next solar physics mission of the European Space Agency, ESA, in collaboration with NASA, with a launch planned in 2018. The spacecraft is designed to approach the Sun to within 0.28 AU at perihelion of a highly eccentric orbit. The proximity with the Sun will also allow its observation at uniformly high resolution at EUV and visible wavelengths. Such observations are central for learning more about the magnetic coupling of the solar atmosphere. At a later phase in the mission the spacecraft will leave the ecliptic and study the enigmatic poles of the Sun from a heliographic latitude of up to 33○.A central instrument of Solar Orbiter} is the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager, SO/PHI. It will do full Stokes imaging in the Landé g = 2.5 Fe I 617.3 nm line. It is composed of two telescopes, a full-disk telescope and a high-resolution telescope, that will allow observations at a resolution as high as 200 km on the solar surface. SO/PHI will also be the first solar polarimeter to leave the Sun-Earth line, opening up new possibilities, such as stereoscopic polarimetry (besides stereoscopic imaging of the photosphere and stereoscopic helioseismology). Finally, SO/PHI will have a unique view of the solar poles, allowing not just more precise and exact measurements of the polar field than possible so far, but also enabling us to follow the dynamics of individual magnetic features at high latitudes and to determine solar surface and sub-surface flows right up to the poles.In this paper an introduction to the science goals and the capabilities of SO/PHI will be given, as well as a brief overview of the instrument and of the current status of its development.
Waves and Magnetism in the Solar Atmosphere (WAMIS)
Authors: Strachan L. , Ko Y.-K. , Moses J. D. , Laming J. M. , Auchere F. , Casini R. , Fineschi S. , Gibson S. , Knoelker M. , Korendyke C. , Mcintosh S. , Romoli M. , Rybak J. , Socker D. , Tomczyk S. , Vourlidas A. , Wu Q. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMagnetic fields in the solar atmosphere provide the energy for most varieties of solar activity, including high-energy electromagnetic radiation, solar energetic particles, flares, and coronal mass ejections, as well as powering the solar wind. Despite the fundamental role of magnetic fields in solar and heliospheric physics, there exist only very limited measurements of the field above the base of the corona. What is needed are direct measurements of not only the strength and orientation of the magnetic field but also the signatures of wave motions in order to better understand coronal structure, solar activity, and the role of MHD waves in heating and accelerating the solar wind. Fortunately, the remote sensing instrumentation used to make magnetic field measurements is also well suited to measure the Doppler signature of waves in the solar structures. We present here a mission concept for the Waves And Magnetism In the Solar Atmosphere (WAMIS) experiment which is proposed for a NASA long-duration balloon flight.
The importance of non-photon noise in astronomical spectropolarimetry
Authors: Bagnulo S. , Fossati L. , Landstreet J. D. , Kochukhov O. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractStellar spectropolarimetry has become an extremely popular technique during the last decade or two, and has led to major advances in the studies of stellar magnetic fields. Many important discoveries have been made thanks to ultra-precise measurements of very small polarimetric signals, which require very stable instruments and special observing strategies. The so called beam-swapping technique is a well-known polarimetric technique capable of suppressing many spurious signals due to various instrumental effects. However, when one is interested in ultra-high signal-to-noise ratio measurements, observers start to hit various limitations introduced by the instrument, by the atmosphere, and even by the software for data-reduction. These limitations cannot be overcome by the observing strategies, and sources of errors other than photon-noise must be taken into account. Here we discuss the advantages of the beam-swapping technique, and the impact of small instrument and atmospheric instabilities, and how these issues offer an explanation for the origin of the apparently significant observed polarisation signals produced by effects other than those intrinsic to the observed target.
Design of a Full Stokes Polarimeter for Chromospheric Measurements with SOLIS/VSM
Authors: Gosain S. , Harvey J. W. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe synoptic observations of the magnetic field of the Sun have continued at the National Solar Observatory (NSO) since 1970s. The daily full-disk maps of the longitudinal magnetic field are regularly combined to form Carrington maps of the photospheric magnetic flux per solar rotation. These maps continue to be used by the international research community for a variety of studies related to solar magnetism as well as for space weather studies. The current NSO synoptic facility is the Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigation of the Sun (SOLIS), which regularly provides photospheric vector and chromospheric longitudinal full-disk magnetograms, among other data products. In the near future, an upgrade of SOLIS to produce chromospheric vector magnetograms is planned. We present the design of a new polarization modulator package for full Stokes polarimetry of the chromospheric Ca II 854.2 nm spectral line.
Commissioning Results of a New Polarimeter: Denver University Small Telescope Polarimeter (DUSTPol)
Authors: Wolfe T. M. , Stencel R. , Cole G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDUSTPol is a dual-beam polarimeter that operates in optical wavelengths, and was built to promote the study of linear polarimetry with smaller telescopes. DUSTPol's performance has demonstrated low instrumental polarization at 0.05 ± 0.02%. This poster presents commissioning results as well as early science observations, and describes software used for data reduction. Recent polarimetric results of RS CVn systems and Wolf-Rayet stars, discussed herein, indicate shape and interaction parameters. By promoting the development of similar polarimeters at other institutions, DUSTPol will serve to establish new collaborative surveys of cool active stars, as well as systems showing evidence of containing complex stellar environments.
New generation Stokes inversion codes
Authors: Ramos A. Asensio , de la Cruz Rodríguez J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe utilize the concept of sparsity or compressibility to develop an new generation of inversion codes for the Stokes parameters. The inversion code uses numerical optimization techniques based on the idea of proximal algorithms to impose sparsity. In so doing, we allow to exploit the presence of spatial correlation on the maps of physical parameters. Sparsity also regularizes the solution by reducing the number of unknowns. The solution has an increased robustness.
Study of resonance scattering polarization in O i 130 nm lines
Authors: Anusha L. S. , Nagendra K. N. , Uitenbroek Han 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHere we address the importance of frequency cross-redistribution on the scattering polarization of the O i line at 130.2 nm. We compute the polarized profiles of this line with ordinary partial frequency redistribution and cross-redistribution using a two-dimensional radiative transfer code.
Polarimetry as a window into supernova explosions and progenitors
Authors: Hoffman Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSupernovae of all types exhibit time-dependent spectropolarimetric signatures produced primarily by electron scattering. These reveal the presence of aspherical and variable phenomena such as complex velocity structures, changing illumination, and asymmetric or clumpy morphologies within the ejecta or surrounding circumstellar material. In addition, the gradual thinning of the ejecta over time allows us to probe different scattering regions as the supernova evolves. Interpreting the time variations of these spectropolarimetric signatures yields unprecedentedly detailed information about supernova explosion mechanisms, the physical processes that shape the density and velocity distributions of the ejecta and circumstellar material, and the properties of the progenitor star.I present an overview of supernova spectropolarimetry, highlighting recent observational and computational results. This versatile technique helps us to constrain explosion mechanisms, connect SNe with their massive progenitors (as well as other high-energy transient phenomena such as GRBs), and investigate the process of stellar evolution in other galaxies.