bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Chatbot responses to patient questions in the field of glaucoma
Authors: Tan Darren Ngiap Hao , Tham Yih-Chung , Koh Victor , Loon Seng Chee , Aquino Maria Cecilia , Lun Katherine , Cheng Ching-Yu , Ngiam Kee Yuan , Tan Marcus 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy, comprehensiveness, and safety of a publicly available large language model (LLM)—ChatGPT in the sub-domain of glaucoma.DesignEvaluation of diagnostic test or technology.Subjects, participants, and/or controlsWe seek to evaluate the responses of an artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT (version GPT-3.5, OpenAI).Methods, intervention, or testingWe curated 24 clinically relevant questions in the domain of glaucoma. The questions spanned four categories: pertaining to diagnosis, treatment, surgeries, and ocular emergencies. Each question was posed to the LLM and the responses obtained were graded by an expert grader panel of three glaucoma specialists with combined experience of more than 30 years in the field. For responses which performed poorly, the LLM was further prompted to self-correct. The subsequent responses were then re-evaluated by the expert panel.Main outcome measuresAccuracy, comprehensiveness, and safety of the responses of a public domain LLM.ResultsThere were a total of 24 questions and three expert graders with a total number of responses of n = 72. The scores were ranked from 1 to 4, where 4 represents the best score with a complete and accurate response. The mean score of the expert panel was 3.29 with a standard deviation of 0.484. Out of the 24 question-response pairs, seven (29.2%) of them had a mean inter-grader score of 3 or less. The mean score of the original seven question-response pairs was 2.96 which rose to 3.58 after an opportunity to self-correct (z-score − 3.27, p = 0.001, Mann–Whitney U). The seven out of 24 question-response pairs which performed poorly were given a chance to self-correct. After self-correction, the proportion of responses obtaining a full score increased from 22/72 (30.6%) to 12/21 (57.1%), (p = 0.026, χ2 test).ConclusionLLMs show great promise in the realm of glaucoma with additional capabilities of self-correction. The application of LLMs in glaucoma is still in its infancy, and still requires further research and validation.
Vagus nerve stimulation for the therapy of Dravet syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Shuang , Li Man , Huang Ming 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveDravet syndrome (DS) is a refractory developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by seizures, developmental delay and cognitive impairment with a variety of comorbidities, including autism-like behavior, speech dysfunction, and ataxia. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is one of the common therapies for DS. Here, we aim to perform a meta-analysis and systematic review of the efficacy of VNS in DS patients.MethodsWe systematically searched four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and CNKI) to identify potentially eligible studies from their inception to January 2024. These studies provided the effective rate of VNS in treating patients with DS. The proportions of DS patients achieving ≥50% reduction of seizure frequency were extracted from these studies. Meta-analyses were performed to respectively evaluate the efficacy of VNS for DS after 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months.ResultsSixteen trials with a total of 173 patients were included. Meta-analyses showed that the pooled efficiency was 0.54 (95% CI 0.43–0.65) in the DS patients treated with VNS (p &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, the pooled efficiency respectively was 0.42 (95% CI 0.25–0.61), 0.54 (95% CI 0.39–0.69), 0.51 (95% CI 0.39–0.66), and 0.49 (95% CI 0.36–0.63) in the DS patients treated with VNS after 3, 6, 12 and 24 months (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThis study suggests that VNS is effective in the treatment of DS. However, few studies have focused on VNS for DS, and there is a lack of high-quality evidence. Thus, high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of VNS in DS.
What if Hitler had won WWII and met Kennedy in 1964? Perception and evaluation of counterfactual historical fiction
Authors: Kakimova Ainur , Salgaro Massimo 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThis study investigates the cognitive processing and perception of counterfactual historical fiction and its effects on readers' receptivity to fascism, superstitious beliefs, and satisfaction with the present state of politics. Counterfactual historical fiction presents alternative realities where history diverges from the official historiography, such as in Robert Harris' novel Fatherland, which depicts a counterfactual world where Hitler won WWII. It was hypothesized that reading this genre incurs additional cognitive costs and is perceived with less realism and more aesthetic appreciation compared to historical fiction.MethodsSeventy-four subjects were divided into two groups and presented with two versions of paragraphs from Fatherland. An experimental group read the original version, describing a counterfactual reality where Hitler is still alive in 1964 (counterfactual historical fiction). A control group read a manipulated version, where events are made plausible by being backdated to 1941 (historical fiction). The study employed a triangulation of methods, utilizing online eye tracking and self-report questionnaires with 7-point Likert scale measurements.ResultsThe results indicate that counterfactual historical fiction is associated with increased cognitive demands at the first point of divergence, i.e., the first linguistic cue indicating counterfactuality. This genre also induced less perceived realism of history (factuality) and more surprise. Both versions of the text impacted readers by decreasing agreement with fascism, reducing superstitious beliefs, and enhancing their positive evaluation of the current political situation.DiscussionThe study reveals the cognitive processing of counterfactual historical fiction, highlighting the need for revising current theoretical assumptions. Additionally, the positive impact on readers' attitudes and beliefs may underscore literature's potential role in fostering critical thinking, pro-social behavior, and satisfaction. Further research is suggested for subsequent empirical validation.
Novel use of local analgesia prior to intramuscular magnesium sulphate injection compared to mixed local analgesia with magnesium sulphate to reduce pain: a randomised crossover study in patients being managed for eclampsia and preeclampsia
Authors: Jamieson Modimowame , Luckett Rebecca , Hofmeyr G. Justus 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThe World Health Organization (WHO) recommended addition of local anesthetic to reduce the intense pain of intramuscular injection of 50% Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4) salt solution has been found to be ineffective. We tested whether giving the local anesthetic 5 min before the MgSO4 injection would reduce pain.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cross-over trial where each participant with pre-eclampsia or eclampsia received sequential and mixed injection methods in random sequence during sequential MgSO4 administrations. Pain and preference were assessed using descriptive words, a numeric pain scale and direct comparison between the two injection methods. Differences were measured using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals and the Chi squared or Fisher's test. The administration techniques were refined based on an initial pilot of 8 participants.ResultsWe enrolled 49 consented participants and analysed data from 41 post-pilot participants The sequential injection method had a non-significantly lower mean pain score than the mixed injection method (3.1 vs. 3.3, p = 0.44). Severe pain was reported for 3/41 vs. 9/41, p = 0.12. The sequential injection method was perceived to be more painful by 13 (37%) vs. 22 (63%) participants (p = 0.03). The sequential injection was preferred by 21(60%) vs. 14 participants (40%) (p = 0.1).ConclusionOur results consistently favoured the novel sequential injection method. The lack of statistical significance for most results is not surprising given the small sample size. Given the potential for clinically important benefits to women, a larger study to confirm these results is justified.
Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://pactr.samrc.ac.za/, Identifier (PACTR202201521544765).
Integrative transcriptome-proteome approach reveals key hypoxia-related features involved in the neuroprotective effects of Yang Xue oral liquid on Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Chen Xiang-Yang , Cheng Ming-Rong , Tang Chen-Chen , Xu Chen-Qin , Zhong Yi-Lang , Gao Yuan , Cheng Xue-Xiang , Chen Jian 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: This study investigates the role of hypoxia-related genes in the neuroprotective efficacy of Yang Xue oral liquid (YXKFY) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD).Methods and results: Using differential expression and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified 106 and 9 hypoxia-associated genes in AD and PD, respectively, that are implicated in the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. An artificial intelligence-driven hypoxia signature (AIDHS), comprising 17 and 3 genes for AD and PD, was developed and validated across nine independent cohorts (n = 1713), integrating 10 machine learning algorithms and 113 algorithmic combinations. Significant associations were observed between AIDHS markers and immune cells in AD and PD, including naive CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Interactions with miRNAs (hsa-miR-1, hsa-miR-124) and transcription factors (USF1) were also identified. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data highlighted distinct expression patterns of AIDHS genes in various cell types, such as high expression of TGM2 in endothelial cells, PDGFRB in endothelial and mesenchymal cells, and SYK in microglia. YXKFY treatment was shown to repair cellular damage and decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Notably, genes with previously dysfunctional expression, including FKBPL, TGM2, PPIL1, BLVRB, and PDGFRB, exhibited significant recovery after YXKFY treatment, associated with riboflavin and lysicamine.Conclusion: The above genes are suggested to be central to hypoxia and neuroinflammation responses in AD and PD, and are potential key mediators of YXKFY’s neuroprotective action.
Metabolome and transcriptome integration explored the mechanism of browning in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch cells
Authors: Zhao Xinyang , Li Xueshuang , Bao Aodun , Zhang Xiaoli , Xu Yongbin , Li Yali 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionGlycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for its diverse pharmacological effects including heat-clearing, detoxification, phlegm dissolving, and cough relief, has experienced an exponential increase in demand due to its expanding clinical use and development prospects. Currently, large-scale cell culture stands out as one of the most promising biotechnological approaches for producing bioactive compounds from medicinal plants. However, the problem of cell browning represents a significant bottleneck in industrial applications of cell culture.MethodsThis study focuses on the Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch cells from the Ordos plateau, aiming to elucidate the enzymatic browning process during plant cell culture. Key substrates and genes involved in enzymatic browning were identified by metabolome and transcriptome analysis of normal and browning cells.ResultsMetabolome analysis reveals significant changes in the levels of chalcone, isoflavone, imidazole-pyrimidine, purine nucleosides, organic oxides, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, benzene and its derivatives, flavonoids, 2-arylated benzofuran flavonoids, diazanaphthalenes and fatty acyls within browning cells. In particular, chalcones, isoflavones, and flavones compounds account for a higher proportion of these changes. Furthermore, these compounds collectively show enrichment in four metabolic pathways: Isoflavone biosynthesis pathway; Cutin suberine and wax biosynthesis pathway; Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway; Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis pathway; Transcriptome analysis revealed that the MYB transcription factor is a key regulator of flavonoid synthesis during the browning process in cells. In addition, 223 differentially expressed genes were identified, including phenylpropane, shikimic acid, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathways. Among these genes, 23 are directly involved in flavonoid biosynthesis; qPCR validation showed that eight genes (GlPK, GlPAL, Gl24CL, Gl1PDT, Gl3CHI, GlC4H, Gl2F3’H, and Gl2CCR) were up-regulated in browning cells compared to normal cells. These findings corroborate the sequencing results and underscore the critical role of these genes in cellular browning.DiscussionConsequently, modulation of their expression offers promising strategies for effective control of cellular browning issues.
Sampling strategies for genotyping common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genebank accessions with DArTseq: a comparison of single plants, multiple plants, and DNA pools
Authors: Correa Abondano Miguel , Ospina Jessica Alejandra , Wenzl Peter , Carvajal-Yepes Monica 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionGenotyping large-scale gene bank collections requires an appropriate sampling strategy to represent the diversity within and between accessions.MethodsA panel of 44 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces from the Alliance Bioversity and The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) gene bank was genotyped with DArTseq using three sampling strategies: a single plant per accession, 25 individual plants per accession jointly analyzed after genotyping (in silico–pool), and by pooling tissue from 25 individual plants per accession (seq-pool). Sampling strategies were compared to assess the technical aspects of the samples, the marker information content, and the genetic composition of the panel.ResultsThe seq-pool strategy resulted in more consistent DNA libraries for quality and call rate, although with fewer polymorphic markers (6,142 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) than the in silico–pool (14,074) or the single plant sets (6,555). Estimates of allele frequencies by seq-pool and in silico–pool genotyping were consistent, but the results suggest that the difference between pools depends on population heterogeneity. Principal coordinate analysis, hierarchical clustering, and the estimation of admixture coefficients derived from a single plant, in silico–pool, and seq-pool successfully identified the well-known structure of Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools of P. vulgaris across all datasets.ConclusionIn conclusion, seq-pool proved to be a viable approach for characterizing common bean germplasm compared to genotyping individual plants separately by balancing genotyping effort and costs. This study provides insights and serves as a valuable guide for gene bank researchers embarking on genotyping initiatives to characterize their collections. It aids curators in effectively managing the collections and facilitates marker-trait association studies, enabling the identification of candidate markers for key traits.
Validation of the Spanish Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form in adolescents with suicide attempts
Authors: García-Fernández Ainoa , Martínez-Cao Clara , Sánchez-Fernández-Quejo Alberto , Bobes-Bascarán Teresa , Andreo-Jover Jorge , Ayad-Ahmed Wala , Cebriá Ana Isabel , Díaz-Marsá Marina , Garrido-Torres Nathalia , Gómez Sandra , González-Pinto Ana , Grande Iria , Iglesias Noelia , March Katya B. , Palao Diego J. , Pérez-Díez Iván , Roberto Natalia , Ruiz-Veguilla Miguel , de la Torre-Luque Alejandro , Zorrilla Iñaki , Pérez Víctor ,   SURVIVE Group, Sáiz Pilar A. , García-Portilla María Paz 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundChild maltreatment is associated with a higher probability of mental disorders and suicidal behavior in adolescence. Therefore, accurate psychometric instruments are essential to assess this.ObjectiveTo validate the Spanish version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) in adolescents with suicide attempts.MethodsMultisite cohort study of 208 adolescents with suicide attempts using data from the following scales: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and CTQ-SF. Statistical analysis: CTQ-SF scores analyzed by descriptive statistics. Internal consistency: McDonald’s omega and Cronbach’s alpha. Concurrent validity with PHQ-9 and C-SSRS scores: Spearman correlation coefficient. Structural validity: Confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsFloor and ceiling effects: Physical abuse and neglect as well as sexual abuse demonstrated high floor effects (50.0, 35.1, and 61.1% of adolescents, respectively). No ceiling effects were found. The CTQ-SF had excellent internal consistency (McDonald’s omega = 0.94), as did the majority of its subscales (Cronbach’s alpha 0.925–0.831) except for physical neglect (0.624). Its concurrent validity was modest, and the emotional neglect subscale had the lowest Spearman correlation coefficients (0.067–0.244). Confirmatory factor analysis: Compared with alternative factor structures, the original CTQ-SF model (correlated 5-factor) exhibited a better fit [S-B χ2 = 676.653, p &lt; 0; RMSEA (90% CI = 0.076–0.097) = 0.087; SRMR = 0.078; CFI = 0.980; TLI = 0.978].ConclusionThe Spanish CTQ-SF is a reliable, valid instrument for assessing traumatic experiences in adolescents at high risk of suicide. It appears appropriate for use in routine clinical practice to monitor maltreatment in this group.
Youths’ awareness and attitudes towards raising the minimum legal age of smoking and passive smoking in Singapore
Authors: Gunasekaran Kalaipriya , Singh Prashwin , Ng Ding Xuan , Koh Eileen Yi Ling , Lee Huan Yu , Tan Rei , Wang Yier , Tan Ngiap Chuan 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesEarly smoking initiation has been associated with a higher risk of developing long-term smoking habit. There is a growing global consensus that demands raising the minimum legal age (MLA) for smoking as an approach to address this problem. Singapore successfully raised the MLA from 18 to 21 years in 2021. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness and attitude of multi-ethnic Asian youth (aged 15–24) on raising MLA to 21 and passive smoking.MethodsA cross-sectional survey comprising of 23 items was circulated via a secure internet-based platform, FORMSG between September and November 2022. Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics. Categorical variables were compared for association with receptivity toward change in MLA using Chi-Squared test and multivariable logistic regression analysis using Rstudio. Post-hoc Bonferroni correction were further utilized for pairwise comparison.ResultsMajority (80.3%) of the 608 participants expressed their support for MLA 21 implementation. Participants’ age was a significant variable as those aged 15–17 years old (OR = 2.1, 95%CI = 1.01–4.32, p = 0.048) showed a higher likelihood of supporting MLA implementation compared to those aged 21 and above. In addition, majority (89.8%) of them were also aware of the harmful effects of passive smoking. When it came to discouraging smoking among youth, family influence (64%) and school education (55.6%) emerged as the top strategies.ConclusionMost of the youth express strong support for raising the MLA to 21, with over 80% in favor of such change, reflects a significant harmony among youth in favor of tobacco-free environment.
Restricted health service utilization and subsequent positive self-care behavior during the early COVID-19 pandemic in China
Authors: Wang Zhichao , Zhou Zhongliang , Liu Guanping , Lu Jiao , Zhai Xiaohui , Fan Xiaojing , Lai Sha , Wang Youfa 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe reallocation of health resources, epidemic prevention and control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic triggered widespread restricted health service utilization, some residents and patients tried positive self-care behavior to maintain their health, yet the efficacy of this intervention remains unclear.ObjectBased on the reasoned action approach (RAA) theory, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between self-care behavior and restricted health service utilization among adults in China, trying to discover the vulnerable groups and external and intrinsic factors that affect self-care behavior among Chinese adults.MethodsData on demographics, socioeconomic, health status, and self-care behavior were collected in “The Early China COVID-19 Survey,” a cross-sectional anonymous online survey of the general population in China. Self-care behavior was measured by four indicators: weight control (WC), physical activity (PA), prevention behavior (PB), and online medical consultation (OMC). The multiple linear models and binary logistic regression were used to examine whether restricted health service utilization (RHSU) is associated with self-care behaviors; also, adjusted multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze subgroup heterogeneity.ResultsIn total, 8,428 adult participants completed the survey, the mean OMC score was 1.51 (SD 1.34), the mean PB score was 18.17 (SD 3.44), and the proportion of participants who engaged in WC and PA was 42.30 and 62.57%, respectively. According to the multiple regression model, the RHSU was significantly positively correlated with all four indicators of self-care (WC: OR = 1.34, p &lt; 0.001, PA: OR = 1.34, p &lt; 0.05, MC: OR = 1.30, p &lt; 0.001, PB: coef = 0.16, p &lt; 0.05). We also observed some significant differences in the intensity of this relationship by subgroup analysis, precisely, OMC (high vs. moderate vs. low infection-risk level: OR = 1.48; 1.41; 1.19, p &lt; 0.1), PA (male vs. female: OR = 1.27;1.06; p &lt; 0.05, high vs. Moderate and low infection-risk level: OR = 1.51; 1.17; 1.02, p &lt; 0.05), PB (Chronic disease groups vs. no: coef = 0.46; 0.1, p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionRestricted health service utilization predicts more positive self-care behavior, and the intensity of partial correlation was significantly different in the subgroups of sex, actual infection risk level of the living area, and chronic diseases. These findings highlight the urgent demand for self-care behavior among Chinese adults during the pandemic and provide new insights for developing self-care and reducing the burden on the healthcare system in the long term.
Medical-Legal Partnerships: a promising approach for addressing health-harming legal needs among people with HIV
Authors: Jaén Julia , Frankel Anne , French Ashley , Davison Robin , Munoz-Laboy Miguel , Martinez Omar 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionPeople with HIV (PWH), particularly those at the intersection of sexual and gender identities, face enduring obstacles to accessing HIV care, including structural stigma, structural racism and discrimination, housing instability, and limited access to health insurance. To address these challenges, Medical-Legal Partnerships (MLPs) in HIV care offer an innovative approach that integrates medical and legal services. By targeting health-harming legal needs (HHLN), MLPs aim to enhance the HIV care continuum outcomes for PWH.MethodsThis study examines the benefits and challenges of MLPs within organizations serving PWH through the social-ecological model. MLP providers (n=111) identified organizational-level challenges such as funding limitations, resource integration issues, and staffing constraints.ResultsMLPs demonstrated numerous benefits, including patient impact and benefits, comprehensive service provision, enhanced staff support and capacity, and potential for policy influence.DiscussionThese results underscore the feasibility of MLPs while offering valuable insights into their efficacy and challenges, guiding the implementation of MLPs to address health-harming legal needs, including discrimination, and thereby improving HIV care outcomes.