bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Housing from 8 to 80: An AD Ideas Project
Authors: Farrelly Lorraine 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFor this issue, Guest‐Editor Lorraine Farrelly and AD launched a student design competition around the concept of the ‘lifetime home’, which was open to undergraduate and graduate students of architecture, interior design and related subjects. Here Farrelly provides an overview of the competition and the ideas and designs from the award‐winning entries that came from students from across the globe.
Designing for an Earlier Age
Authors: Merkel Jayne 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWhile the need for suitable housing to accommodate burgeoning numbers of elderly citizens is undeniably great worldwide, Jayne Merkel puts the case that the necessity for affordable housing among young adults is arguably even greater, at least in the US and the UK, and particularly in New York, London and Los Angeles. The relationship between the demands of these two very different age groups is direct, since young people tend not to have children until they can find suitable housing. Forestalled childbearing means fewer members of later generations to financially support growing numbers of aged over time.1 And young people without suitable housing tend to move back in with ageing parents or drain their financial resources.
Blood cell telomere lengths and shortening rates of chimpanzee and human females
Authors: Tackney Justin , Cawthon Richard M. , Coxworth James E. , Hawkes Kristen 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesSlower rates of aging distinguish humans from our nearest living cousins. Chimpanzees rarely survive their forties while large fractions of women are postmenopausal even in high‐mortality hunter–gatherer populations. Cellular and molecular mechanisms for these somatic aging differences remain to be identified, though telomeres might play a role. To find out, we compared telomere lengths across age‐matched samples of female chimpanzees and women.MethodsWe used a monochrome multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction to assay canonical telomere repeats in blood cells from captive female chimpanzees (65 individuals; age: 6.2–56.7 years) and compared them to the same measure in human females (43 individuals; age: 7.4–57.3 years).ResultsOur samples showed little difference in attrition rates between the species (∼0.022 T/S per year for chimpanzees and ∼0.012 T/S per year for humans with overlapping 95% confidence intervals), but telomeres were twice as long in chimpanzees as in humans (T/S ratios = 2.70 and 1.26, respectively).ConclusionsBased on the longevity differences, we initially hypothesized that telomere shortening rates would be faster in chimpanzees than in humans. Instead, it is shorter telomere length that appears to be the derived state in humans. This comparison indicates that better characterization of physiological aging in our closest living relatives will be indispensable for understanding the evolution of distinctive human longevity. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:452–460, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decentralized Connectivity Maintenance For Networked Lagrangian Dynamical Systems With Collision Avoidance
Authors: Sabattini Lorenzo , Secchi Cristian , Chopra Nikhil 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn order to accomplish cooperative tasks, multi‐robot systems are required to communicate among each other. This inter‐robot communication can be modeled as a graph. Thus, maintaining the connectivity of the communication graph is a fundamental issue in cooperative robotic systems. Connectivity maintenance has been extensively studied in the last few years, but generally considering only kinematic agents. In this paper we introduce a control strategy which, by exploiting a decentralized procedure for the estimation of the algebraic connectivity of the graph, ensures connectivity maintenance for groups of Lagrangian systems. Collision avoidance control actions are also integrated with the connectivity maintenance algorithm. The control strategy is validated by means of analytical proofs and simulation results.
Geometric Methods for Invariant‐Zero Cancellation in Linear Multivariable Systems with Application to Signal Rejection with Preview
Authors: Zattoni Elena 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis work deals with zero cancellation in linear multivariable systems with possible feedthrough terms from the inputs to the outputs. A methodology for the synthesis of a minimal‐order feedforward compensator preserving key properties of the original system while cancelling minimum‐phase invariant zeros is derived by means of the basic tools of the geometric approach. The properties maintained in the feedforward compensation scheme are stabilizability and right‐invertibility. Duality arguments show how to modify the devised method so as to achieve zero cancellation with a cascade filter retaining detectability and left‐invertibility. Continuous and discrete‐time systems are considered in a unified framework exploiting the common structural features. An original application of zero cancellation to signal rejection with preview is presented. A novel feedforward control scheme is devised, avoiding the steering along minimum‐phase zero techniques that are at the basis of well‐settled solutions.
The left inferior frontal gyrus is involved in adjusting response bias during a perceptual decision‐making task
Authors: Reckless Greg E. , Ousdal Olga T. , Server Andres , Walter Henrik , Andreassen Ole A. , Jensen Jimmy 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntroductionChanging the way we make decisions from one environment to another allows us to maintain optimal decision‐making. One way decision‐making may change is how biased one is toward one option or another. Identifying the regions of the brain that underlie the change in bias will allow for a better understanding of flexible decision‐making.MethodsAn event‐related, perceptual decision‐making task where participants had to detect a picture of an animal amongst distractors was used during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Positive and negative financial motivation were used to affect a change in response bias, and changes in decision‐making behavior were quantified using signal detection theory.ResultsResponse bias became relatively more liberal during both positive and negative motivated trials compared to neutral trials. For both motivational conditions, the larger the liberal shift in bias, the greater the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) activity. There was no relationship between individuals' belief that they used a different strategy and their actual change in response bias.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that the left IFG plays a role in adjusting response bias across different decision environments. This suggests a potential role for the left IFG in flexible decision‐making.
15‐LOX‐1 suppression of hypoxia‐induced metastatic phenotype and HIF‐1α expression in human colon cancer cells
Authors: Wu Yuanqing , Mao Fei , Zuo Xiangsheng , Moussalli Micheline J. , Elias Elias , Xu Weiguo , Shureiqi Imad 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe expression of 15‐lipoxygenase‐1 (15‐LOX‐1) is downregulated in colon cancer and other major cancers, and 15‐LOX‐1 reexpression in cancer cells suppresses colonic tumorigenesis. Various lines of evidence indicate that 15‐LOX‐1 expression suppresses premetastatic stages of colonic tumorigenesis; nevertheless, the role of 15‐LOX‐1 loss of expression in cancer epithelial cells in metastases continues to be debated. Hypoxia, a common feature of the cancer microenvironment, promotes prometastatic mechanisms such as the upregulation of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α, a transcriptional master regulator that enhances cancer cell metastatic potential, angiogenesis, and tumor cell invasion and migration. We have, therefore, tested whether restoring 15‐LOX‐1 in colon cancer cells affects cancer cells' hypoxia response that promotes metastasis. We found that 15‐LOX‐1 reexpression in HCT116, HT29LMM, and LoVo colon cancer cells inhibited survival, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, angiogenesis, cancer cell migration and invasion, and HIF‐1α protein expression and stability under hypoxia. These findings demonstrate that 15‐LOX‐1 expression loss in cancer cells promotes metastasis and that therapeutically targeting ubiquitous 15‐LOX‐1 loss in cancer cells has the potential to suppress metastasis.
Quinone Derivatives from the Genus Rubia and Their Bioactivities
Authors: Xu Kuo , Wang Penglong , Wang Lin , Liu Congmin , Xu Shixun , Cheng Yatao , Wang Yanhui , Li Qiang , Lei Haimin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe extracts and phytochemicals of the genus Rubia have drawn much attention due to their potent effects; among them, naphthoquinone and cyclopeptide derivatives, with significant biological activities, have great potential to be developed to new drugs. This review updates and compiles a total of 142 quinone derivatives including anthraquinone and naphthoquinone derivatives, occuring in twelve Rubia species. These compounds were listed together with their sources, melting points, bioactivities, as well as 112 corresponding references. Furthermore, the structureactivity relationships of these quinone derivatives were discussed.
Simenoside A, a New Triterpenoid Saponin from Gypsophila simoniiHub.‐Mor.
Authors: Arslan Idris 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSaponins are amphiphilic glycoconjugates which give soap‐like foams in H2O. A new triterpenoid saponin, simenoside A (1), based on gypsogenin aglycone, and the known saponin 2 were isolated from Gypsophila simonii Hub.‐Mor. The structure of the new saponin was elucidated as 3‐O‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐[β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐β‐D‐glucuronopyranosylgypsogenin 28‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→4)]‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐fucopyranosyl ester on the basis of extensive spectral analyses and chemical evidence. Saponins 1 and 2 were isolated from G. simonii for the first time.
Oleanane‐Type Glycosides from Tremastelma palaestinum (L.) Janchen
Authors: Şenel Gökhan , Gülcemal Derya , Masullo Milena , Piacente Sonia , Karayıldırım Tamer 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThree new oleanane‐type glycosides, 1–3, were isolated from the whole plant of Tremastelma palaestinum (L.) Janchen, along with eight known triterpene glycosides. The structures of the new compounds were established as 3‐O‐[β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐l‐arabinopyranosyl]hederagenin (1), 3‐O‐[β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐l‐arabinopyranosyl]hederagenin 28‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl ester (2), and 3‐O‐[α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐l‐arabinopyranosyl]oleanolic acid 28‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl ester (3) by using 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR techniques and mass spectrometry. This is the first report on the phytochemical investigation of a species belonging to Tremastelma genus.
Enantioselectivity of the Bioconversion of Chiral Citronellal during the Inhibition of Wheat Seeds Germination
Authors: Cavalieri Andrea , Fischer Ravit , Larkov Olga , Dudai Nativ 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCitronellal is one of the most prominent monoterpenes present in many essential oils. Low persistence of essential oils as bioherbicides has often been addressed because of the high volatility of these compounds. Bioconversion of citronellal by wheat seeds releases less aggressive and injurious compounds as demonstrated by their diminished germination. We demonstrated that optically pure citronellal enantiomers were reduced to optically pure citronellol enantiomers with retention of the configuration both in isolated wheat embryos and endosperms. Our findings reveal the potential of essential oils as allelopathic agents providing an insight into their mechanism of action and persistence.
Chemical Composition and Aroma Evaluation of Essential Oils from Evolvulus alsinoides L.
Authors: Kashima Yusei , Miyazawa Mitsuo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and the odor‐active compounds of the essential oils from Evolvulus alsinoides, which is a well‐known edible and medicinal plant. The volatile compounds in the oils were identified by hydrodistillation (HD) and solvent‐assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) in combination with GC, GC/MS, GC/O (=olfactometry), aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), and relative flavor activities (RFA values). The most abundant compound in the HD oil was cis‐α‐necrodol (12.62%), an irregular monoterpene with a cyclopentane skeleton, which is very unusual in the plant kingdom. In the SAFE oil, the main components included 2‐butoxyethanol (9.01%), benzyl alcohol (8.01%), and γ‐butyrolactone (7.37%). Through sensory analysis, 21 aroma‐active compounds were identified by GC/O. The most intense aroma‐active compounds in the HD oil were hexan‐1‐ol and γ‐nonalactone, both of which showed high RFA values. α‐Methyl‐γ‐butyrolactone and dimethyl sulfone contributed more strongly to the aroma of the SAFE oil. These results imply that the essential oils of E. alsinoides deserve further investigation in the food industry.
Composition and Activity against Oral Pathogens of the Essential Oil of Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DC.
Authors: Duarte Moreira Raquel Regina , Zimmermann Martins Gilmarcio , Teixeira Botelho Vinícius , dos Santos Luis Eduardo , Cavaleiro Carlos , Salgueiro Lígia , Andrade Géssica , Martins Carlos Henrique Gomes 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe chemical composition of the essential oil isolated from the aerial parts of Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DC. (Asteraceae) was characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. (E)‐Caryophyllene (56.0%), germacrene D (12.7%), and bicyclogermacrene (9.2%) were identified as the major oil components. The antimicrobial activity of the oil against seven standard strains of oral pathogens from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) was evaluated by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) using the microdilution method. MIC Values below 100 μg/ml were obtained against Streptococcus sobrinus (90 μg/ml), Lactobacillus casei (30 μg/ml), S. mutans (20 μg/ml), and S. mitis (18 μg/ml). In contrast, the MIC values of the major oil compound (E)‐caryophyllene were higher than 400 μg/ml against all pathogens, suggesting that the activity of the oil might depend on minor oil components and/or on synergistic effects. The M. divaricatum essential oil is a promising agent to include in anticariogenic oral rinse formulations for the control of oral pathogens.
Chemical Composition of the Tuber Essential Oil from Helianthus tuberosus L. (Asteraceae)
Authors: Radulović Niko S. , Ðorđević Miljana R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHelianthus tuberosus L. (Jerusalem artichoke) is cultivated in Europe and other parts of the world as a food crop and ornamental plant. The volatile oils of the aerial parts of H. tuberosus were investigated more than 30 years ago, but no study could be found to date on the constituents of the tuber essential oil. Herein, the first characterization by GC‐FID, GC/MS, and 13C‐NMR analyses of a hydrodistilled essential oil of Jerusalem artichoke tubers was reported. Fresh plant material collected in Serbia (Sample A) and a commercial sample (Sample B) yielded only small amounts of oil (0.0014 and 0.0021% (w/w), resp.). In total, 195 constituents were identified, representing 88.2 and 93.6% of the oil compositions for Samples A and B, respectively. The main constituents identified were β‐bisabolene (1; 22.9–30.5%), undecanal (0–12.7%), α‐pinene (7.6–0.8%), kauran‐16‐ol (2; 6.9–9.8%), 2‐pentylfuran (0.0–5.7%), and (E)‐tetradec‐2‐enal (0.0–4.9%). Several rare compounds characteristic for Helianthus ssp. were also detected: helianthol A (6; 2.1–1.9%), dihydroeuparin (10; 0.0–2.3%), euparin (9; 0.0–0.4%), desmethoxyencecalin (7; traces – 0.2%), desmethylencecalin (8; 0.0–0.4%), and an isomer of desmethylencecalin (0.0%‐traces). The essential oils isolated from the tuber and the aerial parts share the common major component 1.
Cytostatic/Cytotoxic Effects of 5‐Fluorouridine Nucleolipids on Colon, Hepatocellular, and Renal Carcinoma Cells: in vitro Identification of a Potential Cytotoxic Multi‐Anticancer Drug
Authors: Farhat Anisa , Malecki Edith , Bonaterra Gabriel A. , Röthlein Doris , Wolf Martin , Schmitt Jürgen , Rosemeyer Helmut , Kinscherf Ralf 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe insufficient penetration through the cell membranes is one of the major drawbacks of chemotherapeutics such as 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU; 1). To improve the penetration, a useful strategy is the attachment of lipophilic moieties. Thus, we have synthesized a series of nucleolipid derivatives of 5‐fluorouridine (5‐FUrd; 2a), carrying lipophilic moieties at N(3) and/or at the 2′,3′‐O position, i.e., 3a, 3b, 4–7, and tested their cytostatic/cytotoxic activities towards three carcinoma cell lines (colon (HT‐29), hepatocellular (HepG2), and renal (RENCA)) in comparison with 5‐FU (1) and 5‐FUrd (2a). After 48 h of incubation, four derivatives, 3a, 3b, 5, and 7, showed inhibitory effects on the survival of HT‐29, HepG2, and RENCA cells. Additionally, to differentiate between anticancer and side‐effects, we tested the cytotoxicity of the derivatives in human macrophages. Interestingly, the derivatives 4, 5, and 6 did not exhibit any effects on survival of THP‐1 macrophages. Furthermore, we investigated the apoptosis induction of compound 1 and 2a, and the above‐mentioned derivatives in HT‐29 cells. Derivative 5 showed the highest significant (p<0.05; p<0.01) increase of the apoptosis at 80 μM after 2‐h or 4‐h treatment, as well as after 6‐h incubation at 40 μM (p<0.05). Real‐time PCR revealed that 40‐μM derivative 5 showed a 1.8‐fold increase of the pro‐apoptotic caspase‐3 gene and a twofold significant increase (p<0.01 and p<0.05 vs. control and 1, resp.) of the tumor suppressor TP53 gene, whereas the other compounds did not show any effect. We demonstrated that some 5‐FUrd derivatives such as compound 5 are more effective than 5‐FU or 5‐FUrd concerning a cytotoxic (vs. cytostatic (5‐FU, 5‐FUrd)) effect on different cancer cell lines, but without cytotoxic side‐effects on differentiated macrophages. Thus, compound 5 is suggested as a novel potent cytotoxic multi‐anti‐cancer drug.
Cytotoxic and Melanogenesis‐Inhibitory Activities of Limonoids from the Leaves of Azadirachta indica (Neem)
Authors: Takagi Mio , Tachi Yosuke , Zhang Jie , Shinozaki Takuro , Ishii Kenta , Kikuchi Takashi , Ukiya Motohiko , Banno Norihiro , Tokuda Harukuni , Akihisa Toshihiro 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSeventeen limonoids (tetranortriterpenoids), 1–17, including three new compounds, i.e., 17‐defurano‐17‐(2,5‐dihydro‐2‐oxofuran‐3‐yl)‐28‐deoxonimbolide (14), 17‐defurano‐17‐(2ξ‐2,5‐dihydro‐2‐hydroxy‐5‐oxofuran‐3‐yl)‐28‐deoxonimbolide (15), and 17‐defurano‐17‐(5ξ‐2,5‐dihydro‐5‐hydroxy‐2‐oxofuran‐3‐yl)‐2′,3′‐dehydrosalannol (17), were isolated from an EtOH extract of the leaf of neem (Azadirachta indica). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature. Upon evaluation of the cytotoxic activities of these compounds against leukemia (HL60), lung (A549), stomach (AZ521), and breast (SK‐BR‐3) cancer cell lines, seven compounds, i.e., 1–3, 12, 13, 15, and 16, exhibited potent cytotoxicities with IC50 values in the range of 0.1–9.9 μM against one or more cell lines. Among these compounds, cytotoxicity of nimonol (1; IC50 2.8 μM) against HL60 cells was demonstrated to be mainly due to the induction of apoptosis by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis suggested that compound 1 induced apoptosis via both the mitochondrial and death receptor‐mediated pathways in HL60 cells. In addition, when compounds 1–17 were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells, induced with α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH), seven compounds, 1, 2, 4–6, 15, and 16, exhibited inhibitory activities with 31–94% reduction of melanin content at 10 μM concentration with no or low toxicity to the cells (82–112% of cell viability at 10 μM). All 17 compounds were further evaluated for their inhibitory effects against the EpsteinBarr virus early antigen (EBV‐EA) activation induced by 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) in Raji cells.
Chemical Defense in Millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda): Do Representatives of the Family Blaniulidae Belong to the ‘Quinone’ Clade?
Authors: Vujisić Ljubodrag V. , Antić Dragan Ž. , Vučković Ivan M. , Sekulić Tatjana Lj. , Tomić Vladimir T. , Mandić Boris M. , Tešević Vele V. , Ćurčić Božidar P. M. , Vajs Vlatka E. , Makarov Slobodan E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe defensive secretions of two blaniulid millipedes, Nopoiulus kochii and Cibiniulus phlepsii, were characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses, which showed the presence of a complex mixture of benzoquinones, hydroquinones, and oleates. Altogether, 13 compounds were identified. The major compound in the secretions of both analyzed species was 2‐methyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone (toluquinone). The second major constituent in the N. kochii secretion was 2‐methyl‐3,4‐(methylenedioxy)phenol, while in that of C. phlepsii, it was 2‐methoxy‐3‐methyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone. The defensive secretion of N. kochii also showed a high content of hydroquinones (13.5%) in comparison to that of C. phlepsii (0.8%). Hexyl oleate and octyl oleate were detected for the first time in defensive millipede fluids. The chemical composition of the defensive secretions supports the chemotaxonomic position of the family Blaniulidae in the ‘quinone’ millipede clade.
An exploration of cache collaboration in information‐centric network
Authors: Feng Bohao , Zhou Huachun , Gao Shuai , You Ilsun 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYAs one of key differences from traditional Internet, information‐centric networking introduces the network built‐in cache in network nodes. It is not proper to analyze a cache node isolated from cache neighbors, especially for the named data network in which all network nodes can cache the content. In this paper, we try to look insight into such an issue and propose a way of cache collaboration not only for the on‐path but also for the off‐path routers. The autonomous cache is not efficient and cache routers are required to guarantee the time of the cached content for the stability as well as the reliability. Therefore, we firstly introduce an interest counter, on one hand, to rank different contents within a period, in this way, we can use the advantage of the least frequently used (LFU) as well as avoid its cache pollution problem, on the other hand, to reduce the rate of content replacement and to maintain a relative stability in forwarding plane, thus, the cached content can be easily managed by the control plane. Secondly, we utilize the interest‐prune and the steady content advertisement mechanism in the control plane based on the interest counter in order to eliminate the duplicated cached content along en‐route routers and cache neighbors, as a result, more cache capacity for different contents can be saved and efficient cache collaboration can be obtained. We evaluate the performance of our scheme in line, tree and grid topology scenarios. The simulation results show that our scheme performs well compared with the perfect‐LFU, the LFU, the random, and least recently used replacement policies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.