bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of thyroid fine‐needle aspiration cytology in the pediatric population: An institutional experience
Authors: Rossi Esther Diana , Straccia Patrizia , Martini Maurizio , Revelli Luca , Lombardi Celestino Pio , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Fadda Guido 
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUNDThe current study was conducted to investigate the role of thyroid fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the authors' pediatric series. Thyroid pediatric FNAC has been reported to have conflicting sensitivity and specificity in different series. The authors evaluated their thyroid cytological series mainly for the categories of 1) follicular/indeterminate neoplasms with atypical cells of indeterminate significance (FN/AUS) and 2) suspicious for malignancy (SM). In this setting, the application of immunocytochemistry (ICC) is likely to allow a correct diagnosis.METHODSA total of 64 of 247 pediatric FNACs (26%) that were processed with liquid‐based cytology had surgical follow‐up. An ICC panel (Hector Battifora mesothelial cell‐1 [HBME‐1] and galectin‐3) was performed on liquid‐based cytology. A positive immunopanel was defined by a concordant positivity.RESULTSThese 64 cases were cytologically diagnosed as 4 cases of cystic hemorrhagic lesions, 23 benign lesions (BL), 17 FN/AUS cases, 11 SM cases, and 9 positive for malignancy (PM) cases. All PM and BL cases were histologically confirmed. The rate of malignancy was 31.2%, including 1 case of follicular carcinoma, 9 cases of classic papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), and 10 PTC variants (7 follicular variant of PTC, 1 macrofollicular variant, and 2 sclerosing diffuse variants). The immunopanel was performed on the categories of FN/AUS, SM, and PM. The data highlighted a concordant positive ICC in 87% of malignancies and a concordant negative ICC in 100% of benign follicular adenomas.CONCLUSIONSThyroid FNAC represents a valuable/feasible tool in childhood. The higher incidence of histological malignancies justifies the cytological application of ancillary techniques (ie, ICC or molecular panels), thereby enabling a more adequate surgical selection based on the effective distinction of high‐risk and low‐risk lesions mainly for the categories of FN/AUS and SM. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:359–367. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Straight‐line programs for fast sparse matrix‐vector multiplication
Authors: Neves Samuel , Araujo Filipe 
Published: January 2014

SummarySparse matrix‐vector multiplication dominates the performance of many scientific and industrial problems. For example, iterative methods for solving linear systems often rely on the performance of this critical operation. The particular case of binary matrices shows up in several important areas of computing, such as graph theory and cryptography. Unfortunately, irregular memory access patterns cause poor memory throughput, slowing down this operation. To maximize memory throughput, we translate the matrix into a straight‐line program that takes advantage of the CPU's instruction cache and hardware prefetchers. The regular loopless pattern of the program reduces cache misses, thus decreasing the latency for most instructions. We focus on the widely used x86_64 architecture and on binary matrices, to explore several possible tradeoffs regarding memory access policies and code size. We also consider matrices with elements over various mathematical structures, such as floating‐point reals and integers modulo m. When compared to a Compressed Row Storage implementation, we obtain significant speedups. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurural from Carbohydrates using Large‐Pore Mesoporous Tin Phosphate
Authors: Dutta Arghya , Gupta Dinesh , Patra Astam K. , Saha Basudeb , Bhaumik Asim 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA large‐pore mesoporous tin phosphate (LPSnP‐1) material has been synthesized hydrothermally by using Pluronic P123 as the structure‐directing agent. The material is composed of aggregated nanoparticles of 10–15 nm in diameter and has a BET surface area of 216 m2 g−1 with an average pore diameter of 10.4 nm. This pore diameter is twice as large as that of mesoporous tin phosphate materials synthesized through the surfactant‐templating pathways reported previously. LPSnP‐1 shows excellent catalytic activity for the conversion of fructose, glucose, sucrose, cellobiose, and cellulose to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in a water/methyl isobutyl ketone biphasic solvent to give maximum yields of HMF of 77, 50, 51, 39, and 32 mol %, respectively, under microwave‐assisted heating at 423 K. Under comparable reaction conditions, LPSnP‐1 gives 12 % more HMF yield than a small‐pore mesoporous tin phosphate catalyst that has an identical framework composition. This confirms the beneficial role of large mesopores and nanoscale particle morphology in catalytic reactions that involve bulky natural carbohydrate molecules.
Silver Supported on Titania as an Active Catalyst for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Ma Sichao , Lan Yangchun , Perez Gaby M. J. , Moniri Saman , Kenis Paul J. A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAlthough significant research efforts have focused on the exploration of catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO2, considerably fewer reports have described how support materials for these catalysts affect their performance, which includes their ability to reduce the overpotential, and/or to increase the catalyst utilization and selectivity. Here Ag nanoparticles supported on carbon black (Ag/C) and on titanium dioxide (Ag/TiO2) were synthesized. In a flow reactor, 40 wt % Ag/TiO2 exhibited a twofold higher current density for CO production than 40 wt % Ag/C. Faradaic efficiencies of the 40 wt % Ag/TiO2 catalyst exceeded 90 % with a partial current density for CO of 101 mA cm−2; similar to the performance of unsupported Ag nanoparticle catalysts (AgNP) but at a 2.5 times lower Ag loading. A mass activity as high as 2700 mA mgAg−1 cm−2 was achieved. In cyclic voltammetry tests in a three‐electrode cell, Ag/TiO2 exhibited a lower overpotential for CO2 reduction than AgNP, which, together with other data, suggests that TiO2 stabilizes the intermediate and serves as redox electron carrier to assist CO2 reduction while Ag assists in the formation of the final product, CO.
Domestication of the neotropical tree Chrysophyllum cainito from a geographically limited yet genetically diverse gene pool in Panama
Authors: Petersen Jennifer J. , Parker Ingrid M. , Potter Daniel 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSpecies in the early stages of domestication, in which wild and cultivated forms co‐occur, provide important opportunities to develop and test hypotheses about the origins of crop species. Chrysophyllum cainito (Sapotaceae), the star apple or caimito, is a semidomesticated tree widely cultivated for its edible fruits; it is known to be native to the neotropics, but its precise geographic origins have not been firmly established. Here, we report results of microsatellite marker analyses supporting the hypothesis that the center of domestication for caimito was the Isthmus of Panama, a region in which few crop species are believed to have originated, despite its importance as a crossroads for the dispersal of domesticated plants between North and South America. Our data suggest that caimito was domesticated in a geographically restricted area while incorporating a diverse gene pool. These results refute the generally accepted Antillean origin of caimito, as well as alternative hypotheses that the species was domesticated independently in the two areas or over a broad geographic range including both. Human‐mediated dispersal from Panama to the north and east was accompanied by strong reductions in both genotypic and phenotypic diversity. Within Panama, cultivated and wild trees show little neutral genetic divergence, in contrast to striking phenotypic differentiation in fruit and seed traits. In addition to providing a rare example of data that support the hypothesis of a narrow geographic origin on the Isthmus of Panama for a now widespread cultivated plant species, this study is one of the first investigations of the origins of an edible species of the large pantropical family Sapotaceae.
Five‐year legacy of wildfire and salvage logging impacts on nutrient runoff and aquatic plant, invertebrate, and fish productivity
Authors: Silins Uldis , Bladon Kevin D. , Kelly Erin N. , Esch Evan , Spence John R. , Stone Micheal , Emelko Monica B. , Boon Sarah , Wagner Michael J. , Williams Chris H. S. , Tichkowsky Ian 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTEcohydrological linkages between phosphorus (P) production, stream algae, benthic invertebrate, and fish communities were studied for 4 years after severe wildfire in the Rocky Mountains (Alberta, Canada). Mean concentrations of all forms of P (soluble reactive, total dissolved, particulate, and total) were 2 to 13 times greater in burned and post‐fire salvage‐logged streams than in unburned streams (p < 0.001). Post‐disturbance recovery of P was slow with differences in P‐discharge relationships still evident 5 years after the fire (p < 0.001). Coupled P and sediment interactions were likely responsible for slow recovery of P regimes in fire‐disturbed watersheds. P loading was associated with strong ecological responses in stream biota. Annual algal productivity was 5 to 71 times greater in streams within burned watersheds than in reference watersheds and persisted for 5 years after the fire (p < 0.001). Elevated algal production was associated with strong differences in benthic invertebrate community structure, including greater invertebrate densities, biomass, species diversity, and shifts in species composition. Monotonic shifts in invertebrate stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios indicated increased consumption of autochthonous food sources and effects on energy pathways for invertebrates from fire‐affected streams. Wildfire‐related changes at lower trophic lead to increases in size (weight and length) and growth rate (weight : age ratios) of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki). This cascading series of effects of wildfire on stream productivity (primary production, secondary invertebrate consumers, and fish) may be long‐lived legacies of wildfire because of the slow recovery of P regimes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management of invasive well‐differentiated thyroid cancer: An American head and neck society consensus statement: AHNS consensus statement
Authors: Shindo Maisie L. , Caruana Salvatore M. , Kandil Emad , McCaffrey Judith C. , Orloff Lisa A. , Porterfield John R. , Shaha Ashok , Shin Jennifer , Terris David , Randolph Gregory 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundInvasive differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is relatively frequent, yet there is a paucity of specific guidelines devoted to its management. The Endocrine Committee of the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) convened a panel to provide clinical consensus statements based on review of the literature, synthesized with the expert opinion of the group.MethodsAn expert panel, selected from membership of the AHNS, constructed the manuscript and recommendations for management of DTC with invasion of recurrent laryngeal nerve, trachea, esophagus, larynx, and major vessels based on current best evidence. A Modified Delphi survey was then constructed by another expert panelist utilizing 9 anchor points, 1 = strongly disagree to 9 = strongly agree. Results of the survey were utilized to determine which statements achieved consensus, near‐consensus, or non‐consensus.ResultsAfter endorsement by the AHNS Endocrine Committee and Quality of Care Committee, it received final approval from the AHNS Council. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 36: 1379–1390, 2014
Can flow cytometry of bone marrow aspirate predict outcome of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma? A retrospective single centre study
Authors: Wolach Ofir , Fraser Abigail , Luchiansky Michael , Shapiro Chava , Radnay Judith , Shpilberg Ofer , Lishner Michael , Lahav Meir 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBone marrow (BM) trephine biopsy is a part of routine staging of patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The significance of lymphoid monoclonal population on flow cytometry (FC) of the BM aspirate in the presence of negative BM histology has not been clarified. In this study, we assessed the clinical role of positive FC in predicting outcome of patients with DLBCL and a negative BM histology. We retrospectively analysed 101 patients diagnosed with DLBCL at a single institution between years 1994–2003. Three groups of patients were compared: patients with histologic involvement of the BM (BM+), patients with no histologic involvement of the BM but with positive FC (BM−FC+) and patients with neither histologic or FC evidence of BM involvement (BM−FC−). The BM+ group included 13 patients (13%). The BM−FC+ group 16 patients (16%), and the BM−FC−included 72 patients (71%). Median age of the cohort was 67 years. Disease stage and International Prognostic Index score were significantly higher in the BM+ and BM−FC+ groups compared with the BM−FC− group. Median overall survival (OS) for the BM−FC−, BM−FC+ and BM + groups were 4.6, 2.2 and 0.9 years, respectively. Median progression free survival (PFS) for the BM−FC−, BM−FC+ and BM+ groups were 3.2, 1.4 and 0.6 years, respectively (p=0.01 for both analysis). In multivariable Cox regression models adjusting for age, sex, stage and International Prognostic Index, there was no significant differences in OS or PFS between the BM−FC+ and BM−FC− groups.In conclusion, positive FC in the setting of negative BM histology at diagnosis did not significantly affect OS or PFS. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A NEW MACROPRUDENTIAL TOOL TO ASSESS SOURCES OF FINANCIAL RISKS: IMPLIED‐SYSTEMIC COST OF RISKS
Authors: Conciarelli Alessandro 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe new macroprudential Implied‐Systemic Cost Of Risks (I‐SCOR) index, derived from MCNulty's implied cost of capital and enriched to account for the risks materialized during this crisis (collateral, liquidity and tail risk), well highlighted and distinguish the risks that contributed to each phase of the financial turmoil (Lehman, East Europe, and EU sovereign). The index has proved during all the period of analysis to rank correctly over time and over other analysis dimensions (sectoral and geographical) where strains where growing. Moreover, its expression in percentage points make it an ‘easy to interpret’ measure of crisis. Using this macroprudential index, it is possible to analyse financial markets conditions in a ‘scalable’ way: starting from the high stage of a ‘geographical’ and general index level, than drilling down on the sector or the country, in order to detect where risks are growing. Moreover, the analysis can be completed taking into account risk drivers so that the overall analysis performed with the deployment of the I‐SCOR index can be seen in different dimensions (views). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Men and Women in Space: Bone Loss and Kidney Stone Risk After Long-Duration Spaceflight
Authors: Smith Scott M , Zwart Sara R , Heer Martina , Hudson Edgar K , Shackelford Linda , Morgan Jennifer LL 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Bone loss, a key concern for long-duration space travelers, is typically considered a female issue. The number of women who have flown long-duration space missions is now great enough to allow a quantitative comparison of changes in bone and renal stone risk by sex. Participants were 42 astronauts (33 men and 9 women) on long-duration missions to the International Space Station. Bone mineral density (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and biochemical markers of bone metabolism (from blood and urine samples) were evaluated before and after flight. Data were analyzed in two groups, based on available resistance exercise equipment. Missions were 49 to 215 days in duration, flown between 2000 and 2012. The bone density response to spaceflight was the same for men and women in both exercise groups. The bone mineral density response to flight was the same for men and women, and the typical decrease in bone mineral density (whole body and/or regional) after flight was not observed for either sex for those using an advanced resistive exercise device. Biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption responded similarly in male and female astronauts. The response of urinary supersaturation risk to spaceflight was not significantly different between men and women, although risks were typically increased after flight in both groups, and risks were greater in men than in women before and after flight. The responses of men and women to spaceflight with respect to these measures of bone health were not different. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Elevated Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Exerts Its Effects on Placenta and Regulates Vitamin D Metabolism in Pregnancy of Hyp Mice
Authors: Ohata Yasuhisa , Yamazaki Miwa , Kawai Masanobu , Tsugawa Naoko , Tachikawa Kanako , Koinuma Tomoko , Miyagawa Kazuaki , Kimoto Akihito , Nakayama Masahiro , Namba Noriyuki , Yamamoto Hironori , Okano Toshio , Ozono Keiichi , Michigami Toshimi 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) functions in an endocrine fashion and requires α-Klotho to exert its effects on the target organs. We have recently demonstrated that the human placenta also expresses α-Klotho, which led us to hypothesize that FGF23 may exert effects on the placenta. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the expression of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) as well as that of α-Klotho in the feto-maternal interface of both mouse and human normal-term placentas, which suggested that these areas might be receptive to FGF23. Therefore, we next investigated whether FGF23 has some roles in the placenta using Hyp mice with high levels of circulating FGF23. Hyp and wild-type (WT) females were mated with WT males, and the mothers and their male fetuses were analyzed. FGF23 levels in Hyp mothers were elevated. FGF23 levels were about 20-fold higher in Hyp fetuses than in Hyp mothers, whereas WT fetuses from Hyp mothers exhibited low levels of FGF23, as did fetuses from WT mothers. We analyzed the placental gene expression and found that the expression of Cyp24a1 encoding 25OHD-24-hydroxylase, a target gene for FGF23 in the kidney, was increased in the placentas of fetuses from Hyp mothers compared with fetuses from WT mothers. In an organ culture of WT placentas, treatment with plasma from Hyp mothers markedly increased the expression of Cyp24a1, which was abolished by the simultaneous addition of anti-FGF23 neutralizing antibody. The direct injection of recombinant FGF23 into WT placentas induced the expression of Cyp24a1. The increase in the placental expression of Cyp24a1 in fetuses from Hyp mothers resulted in decreased plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. These results suggest that increased levels of circulating FGF23 in pathological conditions such as Hyp mice exerts direct effects on the placenta and affects fetal vitamin D metabolism via the regulation of Cyp24a1 expression. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Osteoclast-Derived Complement Component 3a Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation
Authors: Matsuoka Kazuhiko , Park Kyoung-ae , Ito Masako , Ikeda Kyoji , Takeshita Sunao 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Bone remodeling is regulated by a coupling of resorption to subsequent formation; however, the “coupling factor” and underlying mechanism are not fully understood. Here, we found that the condition medium (CM) of mature osteoclasts contains a humoral factor that stimulates the differentiation of primary osteoblasts, as determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. We purified osteoblastogenesis-stimulating activity from 3 L of osteoclast CM through successive ion exchange chromatographies by monitoring the ALP activity of osteoblasts and identified complement component 3 (C3). Expression of the C3 gene increased during osteoclastogenesis, and the cleavage product C3a was detected by ELISA in the CM of osteoclasts but not in that of bone marrow macrophages. The osteoblastogenesis-stimulating activity present in osteoclast CM was inhibited by a specific antagonist of the C3a receptor (C3aR), SB290157. Conversely, the retroviral expression of C3a as well as treatment with the C3aR agonist, benzeneacetamide, stimulated osteoblast differentiation. C3 gene expression in bone was increased in the high bone turnover states of ovariectomy (OVX) or a receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) injection, and blocking the action of C3a with the daily administration of SB290157 resulted in the attenuation of bone formation elevated by OVX and the exacerbation of bone loss. These results suggest that osteoclast-derived C3a functions in the relay from bone resorption to formation and may be a candidate for a coupling factor. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Cytotoxic effects of thiamethoxam in the midgut and malpighian tubules of Africanized Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Catae Aline Fernanda , Roat Thaisa Cristina , De Oliveira Regiane Alves , Ferreira Nocelli Roberta CornéLio , Malaspina Osmar 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTDue to its expansion, agriculture has become increasingly dependent on the use of pesticides. However, the indiscriminate use of insecticides has had additional effects on the environment. These products have a broad spectrum of action, and therefore the insecticide affects not only the pests but also non‐target insects such as bees, which are important pollinators of agricultural crops and natural environments. Among the most used pesticides, the neonicotinoids are particularly harmful. One of the neonicotinoids of specific concern is thiamethoxam, which is used on a wide variety of crops and is toxic to bees. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effects of this insecticide in the midgut and Malpighian tubule cells of Africanized Apis mellifera. Newly emerged workers were exposed until 8 days to a diet containing a sublethal dose of thiamethoxam equal to 1/10 of LC50 (0.0428 ng a.i./l L of diet). The bees were dissected and the organs were processed for transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that thiamethoxam is cytotoxic to midgut and Malpighian tubules. In the midgut, the damage was more evident in bees exposed to the insecticide on the first day. On the eighth day, the cells were ultrastructurally intact suggesting a recovery of this organ. The Malpighian tubules showed pronounced alterations on the eighth day of exposure of bees to the insecticide. This study demonstrates that the continuous exposure to a sublethal dose of thiamethoxam can impair organs that are used during the metabolism of the insecticide. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:274–281, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.