bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Daniels Sheena 
Published: February 2015

Introduction Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder. In the United States, most individuals with SCD are African Americans, with an incidence of 1 in 400 to 1 in 500 live births. SCD is a lifelong disorder with no known cure. Background SCD causes anemia, frequent painful episodes, and reduced life expectancy. The most disturbing clinical problem associated with SCD is severe pain episodes, the most common reason for hospitalization. Pharmacological interventions have been the mainstream for treatment; however, psychological interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may complement current medical treatment, leading to better coping and overall improved quality of life. Methods In a quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest study, 9 African American individuals with SCD completed 3 weekly educational sessions learning CBT methods. Results Participants demonstrated increased frequency of use of CBT methods post-intervention, including diverting attention, coping self-statements, and behavioral activities, leading to better pain control. However, quality of life and role limitation did not show significant improvement. Discussion CBT may be beneficial to those suffering from SCD when combined with conventional treatment options; however, there are still barriers to incorporating psychological interventions into practice. Conclusions CBT shows promise for individuals with chronic conditions such as SCD, but more investigation into its efficacy is needed with larger sample sizes over longer periods of time.
Solutions That Stick: Activating Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration in a Graduate-Level Public Health Innovations Course at the University of California, Berkeley
Authors: Sandhu Jaspal S. , Hosang Robert (Nap) , Madsen Kristine A. 
Published: February 2015

Since 2011 we have taught a public health innovations course at the University of California, Berkeley. Students gain skills in systematic innovation, or human-centered design, while working in small interdisciplinary teams on domestic and global health projects with client organizations. To support acquisition of meaningful problem-solving skills, we structured the course so that the majority of learning happens in scenarios that do not involve faculty. Taken by students representing 26 graduate programs (as diverse as epidemiology, city planning, and mechanical engineering), it is one of the 10 highest-rated courses offered by the School of Public Health. We present the blueprints for our course with the hope that other institutions whose students could benefit will borrow from our model.
Methodological Innovations in Public Health Education: Transdisciplinary Problem Solving
Authors: Lawlor Edward F. , Kreuter Matthew W. , Sebert-Kuhlmann Anne K. , McBride Timothy D. 
Published: February 2015

In 2008, the faculty of the Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis designed a Master of Public Health program centered on transdisciplinary problem solving in public health. We have described the rationale for our approach, guiding principles and pedagogy for the program, and specific transdisciplinary competencies students acquire. We have explained how transdisciplinary content has been organized and delivered, how the program is being evaluated, and how we have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach for a Master of Public Health degree.
Innovations in Graduate Public Health Education: The Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública
Authors: Valladares Laura Magaña , Ávila Mauricio Hernández 
Published: February 2015

During the past 10 years, the Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (National Institute of Public Health) in Mexico has meticulously revised its educational model. This analysis resulted in the transformation of its educational model by tracing a new path in the pedagogical structure and faculty development to meet current challenges and students’ needs. The first stage dealt with the national and international accreditation standards that came with the 21st century. The second stage responded to evidence of cognitive research showing that students are better prepared when they are engaged, active, and responsible for their own learning. This transformation was grounded on the use of information and communication technologies and on a competency-based educational approach that has led the expansion and innovation of educational practice.
Preparing Future Faculty and Professionals for Public Health Careers
Authors: Koblinsky Sally A. , Hrapczynski Katie M. , Clark Jane E. 
Published: February 2015

Recent years have brought rapid growth in schools of public health and an increasing demand for public health practitioners. These trends highlight the need for innovative approaches to prepare doctoral graduates for academic and high-level practice positions. The University of Maryland’s School of Public Health developed a “Preparing Future Faculty and Professionals” program to enrich the graduate education and professional development of its doctoral students. We describe the program’s key elements, including foundational seminars to enhance students’ knowledge and skills related to teaching, research, and service; activities designed to foster career exploration and increase competitiveness in the job market; and independent, faculty-mentored teaching and research experiences. We present a model for replicating the program and share student outcomes of participation.
The Integrated First Year Experience in the Master of Public Health Program
Authors: Dewar Diane M. , Bloom Michael S. , Choi Hyunok , Gensburg Lenore , Hosler Akiko 
Published: February 2015

Schools of Public Health historically introduced core curriculum courses in the first year of the Master of Public Health program as independent perspectives; these perspectives included epidemiology, biostatistics, environmental health, public health biology, health behaviors, and health policy. We performed a pilot project that integrated the core areas around diabetes as a cross-cutting public health issue to provide early exposure to the interdisciplinary nature of public health. In each core curriculum course, diabetes was explored in the curriculum and related to other core courses. Based on positive evaluations, this project will be replicated using a different health issue. Such an issue can be easily introduced as an overarching umbrella under which students are motivated to work through interdisciplinary collaboration.
Gains in Grain Yield of Early Maize Cultivars Developed During Three Breeding Eras under Multiple Environments
Authors: Badu‐Apraku B. , Fakorede M. A. B. , Oyekunle M. , Yallou G. C. , Obeng‐Antwi K. , Haruna A. , Usman I. S. , Akinwale R.O. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTMaize (Zea maysL.), an important staple crop in West and Central Africa (WCA), has enormous potential to reduce food insecurity in this subregion. Research covering three periods or eras of breeding has been conducted to develop cultivars resistant/tolerant to three maize stress factors:Strigaparasitism, drought, and low soil nitrogen. A study was conducted under optimal or natural growing environments at 35 locations in WCA for 2 yr to determine genetic improvement in grain yield of the maize cultivars developed during the three breeding periods: 1988–2000 (period 1), 2001–2006 (period 2), and 2007–2010 (period 3). The average rate of increase in grain yield under optimum growing conditions was 40 kg ha−1yr−1with a genetic gain of 1.3% yr−1, which was slightly higher than the gain of 30 kg ha−1yr−1, an annual genetic gain of 1.2% across 16 stress environments. It was concluded that substantial improvement in the yield potential of early maize under relatively nonstress environmental conditions has been made in this subregion by breeding for stress tolerance during the past three decades. The varieties EV DT‐W 2008 STR, 2009 DTE‐Y STR Syn, and TZE‐W DT C2 STR, all from the latest era of improvement, were identified as the highest yielding and most stable cultivars and should be promoted to contribute to food security in this subregion.
Evaluating Intraplant Cotton Fiber Variability
Authors: Kothari Neha , Dever Jane , Hague Steve , Hequet Eric 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIt is well documented that cotton fiber variability exists across and within cultivars, across environments, soil quality, biotic and abiotic stresses. Having uniform fiber quality is a primary goal for cotton breeders to enhance profitability and sustainability. The objective of this research was to identify the within‐plant variability in fiber quality of six diverse genotypes of Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbasense. This research was conducted in College Station, TX, for 3 yr in 2009, 2010, and 2011 at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research farm. Fiber samples were collected from individual sympodial branches of the plants in three replications and ginned on a tabletop saw gin. Fiber‐quality testing was done using the Advanced Fiber Information System. Statistical analyses inclusive of ANOVA and best linear unbiased predictors and fiber correlations were performed. A distinct pattern of within‐plant fiber variability was observed, with a trend showing that beneficial traits lie in the bottom sympodial fruiting positions while the poor‐quality bolls are located at the higher sympodial positions within the plant. This pattern was seen across all genotypes in all years. Percentage of difference in fiber length among the longest and shortest fibers within the plant showed that ‘FM 832’ had the maximal within‐plant fiber length variability while ‘DP HTO Pima’ had the least within‐plant length variability. Correlation analyses revealed a strong negative relationship between fiber length and standard fineness and a positive relationship between length and fiber maturity. A positive correlation was observed between short fiber content, immature fiber content and fiber neps.
Agronomic Performance and Genotype × Environment Interaction of Herbicide‐Resistant Maize Varieties in Eastern Africa
Authors: Makumbi Dan , Diallo Alpha , Kanampiu Fred , Mugo Stephen , Karaya Haron 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTStriga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. and Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze severely affect maize (Zea mays L.) production in sub‐Saharan Africa. A single Striga plant produces a large number of seeds that form a bank of viable but dormant seed in the soil until they get a chemical signal from suitable maize host roots. Imidazolinone‐resistant (IR) open‐pollinated maize varieties (OPVs) developed for Striga control were tested in diverse environments in four countries of eastern Africa in 2004. The objective of the study was to assess the agronomic performance of IR maize and genotype × environment interactions (GE) for grain yield (GY) and the number of emerged Striga plants across 17 environments under Striga‐infested and Striga‐free conditions. In the combined analysis of variance across Striga‐infested and Striga‐free locations, mean squares for genotypes and GE were significant for most measured traits. The best IR maize variety (STR‐VE‐216) outyielded the Striga‐tolerant and commercial genotypes by 113 and 89%, respectively, under Striga‐infested conditions. IR OPVs supported significantly fewer emerged Striga plants relative to the check varieties. Under Striga‐free conditions, IR OPVs showed GY advantage over commercial varieties. Under Striga‐infested conditions genotypic variance () was larger than genotype × location variance () for GY and number of emerged Striga plants at 12 wk after planting. The genetic correlations among locations under Striga‐infested conditions were high (0.990), suggesting little GE between most environments used. Cluster analysis of genotypes under Striga‐infested locations revealed two major groups that separated the IR OPVs from the check varieties. The outstanding performance of selected IR OPVs indicates that their use for Striga control would reduce the Striga seed bank while benefiting farmers with high GY.
Minimal Loss of Genetic Diversity after Genomewide Selection within Biparental Maize Populations
Authors: Jacobson Amy , Lian Lian , Zhong Shengqiang , Bernardo Rex 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTConcerns have been raised that genomewide selection may hasten the loss of genetic diversity in plant breeding programs. Our objective was to determine if genomewide selection and phenotypic selection lead to different levels of genetic similarity among the selected lines within a biparental population. The best 5, 10, 25, and 50% of F3 lines within each of 27 maize (Zea mays L.) biparental populations were identified by phenotypic selection for testcross performance and by genomewide selection. Without any selection, the mean genetic similarity among lines within a population was 0.52 and the maximum similarity among lines was 0.71. Averaged across the 27 populations, phenotypic selection for grain yield, moisture, and an index of these two traits did not cause a significant increase in genetic similarity among the selected lines. Likewise, genomewide selection of the best 50% of the lines did not lead to a significant increase in genetic similarity. In contrast, genomewide selection of the best 5% of lines significantly increased the mean similarity from 0.52 to 0.57. For comparison, the mean similarity was 0.68 among the 5% most similar lines. The minimal increase in genetic similarity with genomewide selection was attributed to the absence of lines with the perfect or near‐perfect marker profile in the biparental populations. The general level of genetic diversity within the training population had no effect on the genetic similarity among the selected lines. We conclude that genomewide selection causes only a minimal loss of genetic diversity within biparental populations.
Investigation of Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nitride as the Adsorbent to Remove Ni (II) Ions
Authors: Xin Gang , Xia Yuanjiao , Lv Yuhua , Liu Luman , Yu Bei 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT: The mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg‐C3N4/r, r was defined as the initial silica/dicyandiamide mass ratio) was successfully synthesized by heating the mixture of silica and dicyandiamide in a nitrogen atmosphere. The morphology and structure of mpg‐C3N4/r were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area measurement (BET), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The adsorption performances of Ni (II) ions by mpg‐C3N4/r were investigated. With increasing of r value, the BET specific surface area of the synthesized mpg‐C3N4/r increased; the highest specific surface area of mpg‐C3N4/1.5 increased up to 169.3 m2/g. This work shows that mpg‐C3N4/1.5 is a promising, high‐efficiency adsorbent that can be used to purify the water of a low Ni (II) ions concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ni(II) ions by mpg‐C3N4/1.5 was 15.26 mg/g. The adsorption properties of Ni (II) ions by mpg‐C3N4/r complied well with pseudo‐second‐order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model.
Efficacy of polyethylene glycol–conjugated bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for reducing the incidence of naturally occurring clinical mastitis in periparturient dairy cows and heifers
Authors: Hassfurther Renee L. , TerHune Terry N. , Canning Peter C. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of various doses of polyethylene glycol (PEG)–conjugated bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (bG-CSF) on the incidence of naturally occurring clinical mastitis in periparturient dairy cattle.
ANIMALS 211 periparturient Holstein cows and heifers.
PROCEDURES Approximately 7 days before the anticipated date of parturition (day of parturition = day 0), healthy cattle received SC injections of sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control treatment) or PEG–bG-CSF at 5, 10, or 20 μg/kg. Cattle were commingled and housed in a pen with dirt flooring, which was kept wet to maximize the incidence of naturally occurring clinical mastitis. Within 24 hours after parturition, each animal again received the assigned treatment. Mammary glands and milk were visually scored for abnormalities twice daily for 28 days after parturition. Milk samples were aseptically collected from mammary glands with an abnormal appearance or abnormal milk and submitted for microbial culture. Daily milk production was recorded, and milk composition was assessed on days 3, 5, 7, and 10.
RESULTS Cattle treated with PEG–bG-CSF at 10 and 20 μg/kg had significantly fewer cases of clinical mastitis (9/54 and 5/53, respectively), compared with control cattle (18/53). Administration of PEG –bG-CSF did not significantly affect daily milk production or milk composition.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that PEG–bG-CSF was effective for reducing the incidence of naturally occurring clinical mastitis in periparturient dairy cattle. Further investigations of the use of PEG–bG–CSF as a potential preventative intervention should be conducted.
Effect of exercise and environmental terrain on development of the digital cushion and bony structures of the bovine foot
Authors: Gard Julie A. , Taylor Debra R. , Wilhite Dewey R. , Rodning Soren P. , Schnuelle Megan L. , Sanders Richard K. , Beyers Ronald J. , Edmondson Misty A. , DeGraves Fred J. , van Santen Edzard 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether exercise on alternative terrain affects the development of the digital cushion and bony structures of the bovine foot.
ANIMALS 20 weaned bull calves.
PROCEDURES Two-month-old calves were randomly allocated to an exercise or control group. For 4 months, the control group was maintained in grass paddocks, and the exercise group was maintained in a 0.8-km lane with a mixed terrain of dirt, stones (0.32- to 0.95-cm pea gravel and 5-cm crusher run), and grass. Water and food for the exercise group were located at opposite ends of the lane; calves were fed twice daily, which ensured they walked 3.2 km/d. Pedometers were applied to all calves to measure distance traveled. All calves were slaughtered at 6 months of age. The right forefeet and hind feet were harvested for MRI and CT evaluation.
RESULTS Control calves walked a mean of 1.1 km daily, whereas the exercised calves walked a mean of 3.2 km daily. Mean digital cushion volume and surface area were 25,335 mm3 and 15,647 mm2, respectively, for the exercised calves and 17,026 mm3 and 12,745 mm2, respectively, for the control calves. When weight was controlled, mean digital cushion volume and surface area for the exercise group were increased by 37.10% and 18.25%, respectively, from those for the control group.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that exercise on alternative terrain increased the volume and surface area of the digital cushion of the feet of dairy calves, which should make them less susceptible to lameness.
Comparison of directly measured arterial blood pressure at various anatomic locations in anesthetized dogs
Authors: Acierno Mark J. , Domingues Michelle E. , Ramos Sara J. , Shelby Amanda M. , da Cunha Anderson F. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether directly measured arterial blood pressure differs among anatomic locations and whether arterial blood pressure is influenced by body position.
ANIMALS 33 client-owned dogs undergoing anesthesia.
PROCEDURES Dogs undergoing anesthetic procedures had 20-gauge catheters placed in both the superficial palmar arch and the contralateral dorsal pedal artery (group 1 [n = 20]) or the superficial palmar arch and median sacral artery (group 2 [13]). Dogs were positioned in dorsal recumbency, and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP), and diastolic arterial blood pressure (DAP) were recorded for both arteries 4 times (2-minute interval between successive measurements). Dogs were positioned in right lateral recumbency, and blood pressure measurements were repeated.
RESULTS Differences were detected between pressures measured at the 2 arterial sites in both groups. This was especially true for SAP measurements in group 1, in which hind limb measurements were a mean of 16.12 mm Hg higher than carpus measurements when dogs were in dorsal recumbency and 14.70 mm Hg higher than carpus measurements when dogs were in lateral recumbency. Also, there was significant dispersion about the mean for all SAP, DAP, and MAP measurements.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that arterial blood pressures may be dependent on anatomic location and body position. Because this may affect outcomes of studies conducted to validate indirect blood pressure measurement systems, care must be used when developing future studies or interpreting previous results.
Politics and the Federal Principle in Canada: Newfoundland Offshore Oil Development and the Quest for Political Stability and Economic Justice
Authors: Blake Raymond 
Published: February 2015

Abstract: The maintenance of Canadian federalism, and Canada itself, depends on workable relationships between its constituent parts that are able to secure political agreement through accommodation. This argument is developed by examining the dispute between Newfoundland and Ottawa over the control of offshore oil and gas from the late 1950s to 1985, which also became a subtext for the pursuit of economic security, justice, and equality for the province. Energy policy, including the offshore, was often a key issue in the fractious intergovernmental relations in Canada in this period, and this article argues for the inclusion of political actors as an important force in shaping politics and political decisions. While it does not ignore partisan divisions and issues of constitutionalism, the article makes the case that political stability in Canada also depends on relationships. As such, the article offers a unique opportunity to reframe our understanding of interstate federalism and redirect the discussion of politics and federalism away from constitutionalism and judicial review to the role of politicians and personal relations in federal-provincial governance.
Qui est, dans le Deutéronome, le successeur de Moïse ?
Authors: Ska Jean-Louis 
Published: February 2015

Quel statut accorder au dernier livre du Pentateuque ? L’A. rappelle les essais de définition d’un texte consacré tout entier aux dernières paroles de Moïse. Il rapproche ce « testament » du Traité de Vassalité du roi assyrien Esarhaddon destiné à assurer sa succession. Il répond alors à la question que pose la lecture du Deutéronome : qui est le successeur de Moïse ?
De vous à nous . Notre-Dame dans la Présentation de la Beauce à Notre-Dame de Chartres de Charles Péguy
Authors: Benoit Jean-Louis 
Published: February 2015

La Présentation de la Beauce à Notre-Dame de Chartres est constituée par le récit du pèlerinage que Péguy a effectué à pied. Il reste fidèle à sa théologie de l’Incarnation où spirituel et charnel ne s’opposent pas. Le poème est marqué par une morale et une esthétique du sacrifice. Le poète vient offrir son amour interdit pour Blanche. Le choix du vers procède de ce même renoncement, source de beauté et de ferveur. Dans son invocation à la Vierge, par une longue prière litanique, le poète découvre sa voix : un nous lyrique qui associe le je poétique à beaucoup d’autres personnes, unies dans la même prière.
Benoît XVI : quels modèles pour une renonciation ?
Authors: Goudot Jean-Philippe 
Published: February 2015

Par un acte sans précédent dans l’histoire bimillénaire de l’Église catholique, Benoît XVI a renoncé à la Papauté. Renoncé ? Et pourtant il demeure « pape émérite »… C’est toute l’ambiguïté et la richesse d’un geste qui sépare les « deux corps du pape » (le corps physique et le corps institutionnel) tout en reconnaissant qu’ils sont irréversiblement colorés l’un par l’autre, et qui sanctifie la papauté tout en la désacralisant. Entre présence et absence, « Benoît XVI » est encore un peu pape.