bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Lean Engineering Journey
Authors: Terrien Olivier 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDuring the three last INCOSE symposiums, Thales Systèmes Aéroportés proposed papers and presented concrete illustrations to implement a Lean approach in Systems Engineering and Product Development. Lean methodology stands on several pillars: ‘obsession of the customers and satisfaction of their needs’, ‘attention to problems and elimination of wastes’ and ‘involvement and development of employees through the resolution of problems’. This tutorial is based on our real experiences and describes achieved examples to address many Lean Enablers for Systems Engineering developed by the INCOSE Lean Working Group such as: “have cross functional stakeholders worked together to build the agreed value stream” and “use formal value stream mapping methods to identify and eliminate Systems Engineering and Product Development waste, and to tailor and scale tasks” This tutorial is divided into four major topics:1. A Lean approach adapted to Systems Engineering: historical and technical Lean fundamentals;2. A Lean approach illustrated by concrete examples: a transformation workshop (up to Obeya), a systematic workshop (up to VSM‐PERT) and a recurrent workshop (up to Waste Diagnosis);3. A Lean approach through pragmatic exercises: a case study about Rework in R&D (model & metrics);4. A Lean approach deployed in Systems Engineering: key success factors, roles, risks, agile vision, Lean Enablers, etc.
Presentation Secrets of Comedians and Stage Performers: The Advanced Presentation Workshop
Authors: Brown Barclay 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBeing a successful systems engineering often means being able to communicate your ideas in a clear, compelling way. This tutorial is designed to start you on the road from being a competent presenter to being a great presenter. Borrowing from great speakers, presenters and performers in the political, entertainment, motivation and inspiration domains, the tutorial will demonstrate and apply concrete new ways of developing yourself as a speaker. This session goes beyond the “imagine your audience in their underwear” and “talk to a spot on the back wall” kind of advice to present advanced techniques that can take you from being a good presenter to being a great one. Once over the universal fear of public speaking and able to speak and present competently, a presenter often slides into a rut, using the same presentation style and the same range of skills year after year. This session provides a kick‐start into a new level of presenting and speaking. Twenty‐five specific, workable techniques are offered for using humor, timing, movement, adding interest, commanding attention, being natural, dealing with presentation challenges and more. Techniques based in psychology, personality and philosophy are boiled down into practical methods you can use right away—no theater skills required! The speaker is a systems engineering, and has master's degrees in psychology and business.
Systems Engineering requirements Analysis and Trade‐off for Trusted Systems and Networks
Authors: Popick Paul , Miller John 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis tutorial walks through a case study of a requirements analysis pattern to integrate system security for supply chain and cyber into systems engineering (SE) stakeholder requirements, requirements analysis and architectural design. This tutorial emphasizes the need to more tightly integrate security with the overall systems engineering activities and the systems engineering role. The tutorial illustrates the iterative nature of the analysis and also shows how the analysis feeds the RFP. The tutorial uses the DoD trusted systems and networks analysis pattern as the basis of the tutorial. This analysis pattern has broad applicability across industries and aligns well with the Systems Engineering technical processes in ISO 15288–2008. The analysis pattern consists of a mission / business criticality analysis, a vulnerability analysis, a threat assessment and an information assurance assessment as inputs to a risk based cost‐benefit trade‐off analysis. Students will gain hands on experience applying the analysis pattern to an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) case study. The UAV case study covers the system engineering analysis of a solution in the early lifecycle phases. The interrelationship with the SE technical processes, system specification and the system technical reviews is described. Relationships to other specialty engineering disciplines will be briefly discussed. Participants are expected to have a systems engineering or program management background and experience. They will work in small teams to develop solutions and alternatives to the case study. The tutorial is presented by experienced systems engineers that have worked on major systems engineering efforts for government, communications and retail sectors solutions.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided intravascular therapy
Authors: Binmoeller Kenneth F. , Sendino Oriol , Kane Steven D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe gastrointestinal tract provides a unique “window” to access vascular structures in the mediastinum and abdomen. The advent of interventional endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has enabled access to these structures with a standard fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) needle. Sclerosants, cyanoacrylate, and coils can be delivered through the lumen of the FNA needle. EUS‐guided treatment of gastric varices has theoretical advantages over conventional endoscopy‐guided treatment. Controlled studies are needed to determine the role of EUS‐guided treatment for primary and secondary prevention of variceal bleeding. There is a growing list of novel indications for EUS‐guided vascular therapy that include portal vein angiography and pressure measurements, intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement, and micro coil embolization of vascular structures. Additionally, access and therapy of the heart and surrounding structures appears feasible.
The Tosontsengel Mongolia world record sea‐level pressure extreme: spatial analysis of elevation bias in adjustment‐to‐sea‐level pressures
Authors: Purevjav Gomboluudev , Balling Robert C. , Cerveny Randall S. , Allan Rob , Compo Gilbert P. , Jones Philip , Peterson Thomas C. , Brunet Manola , Driouech Fatima , Stella José Luis , Svoma Bohumil M. , Krahenbuhl Daniel , Vose Russell S. , Yin Xungang 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTA World Meteorological Organization (WMO) committee evaluated the record sea‐level pressure (SLP) measurement of 1089.4 hPa on 30 December 2004 in Tosontsengel, Mongolia (1724.6 m). Although instrumentation and data collection procedures were properly followed according to the assessment of the committee, concern was raised regarding the reliability of SLP adjustment from such a high‐elevation station. This paper addresses this concern with a number of analyses that look at relationships between SLP extremes and corresponding station elevation and temperature. First, we selected data from stations extracted from the Integrated Surface Database (ISD‐Lite) of NOAA's National Climate Data Center. A spatial analysis indicates that elevation shows little to no association (R2 values essentially zero) to extreme SLP. However, a second analysis between extreme SLP and air temperature indicates that high regionalism exists in spatial correlations (local R2) between those two variables. This relationship to temperature is likely the result of differences in SLP adjustment formulae used around the world. Based on this analysis, on the need to differentiate the SLP values adjusted using extremely cold temperatures (and generally high elevation), and following past WMO SLP guidelines, the WMO Rapporteurs for Climate and Weather Extremes therefore have created two distinct SLP records: (a) highest adjusted SLP (below 750 m), currently 1083.3 hPa recorded on 31 December 1968 at Agata, Evenhiyskiy, Russia; and (b) highest adjusted SLP (above 750 m), currently 1089.4 hPa (by Russian method; 1089.1 hPa by WMO formula) on 30 December 2004 in Tosontsengel, Mongolia. Future WMO guidance regarding SLP adjustment may lead to re‐evaluation of this and other SLP records.
Short‐ and long‐term outcomes of laryngeal cancer care in the elderly
Authors: Gourin Christine G. , Starmer Heather M. , Herbert Robert J. , Frick Kevin D. , Forastiere Arlene A. , Eisele David W. , Quon Harry 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo examine associations between pretreatment variables, short‐term and long‐term swallowing and airway impairment, and survival in elderly patients treated for laryngeal squamous cell cancer (SCCA).Study DesignRetrospective analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare data.MethodsLongitudinal data from 2,370 patients diagnosed with laryngeal SCCA from 2004 to 2007 were evaluated using cross‐tabulations, multivariate logistic regression, and survival analysis.ResultsDysphagia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5 [1.2–1.7]), weight loss (OR = 1.3 [1.1–1.6]), esophageal stricture (OR = 3.8 [2.5–5.9]), airway obstruction (OR = 1.9, [1.6–2.3]), tracheostomy (OR = 1.5 [1.2–1.9]), and pneumonia (OR = 1.8 [1.4–2.2]) increased 1 year after treatment. The odds of airway obstruction, esophageal stricture, and pneumonia increased over subsequent years, with significantly increased risk at 5 years for airway obstruction (OR = 3.3 [1.8–5.8]) and pneumonia (OR = 5.2 [2.5–10.7]). Pretreatment dysphagia, chemoradiation, and salvage surgery were significant predictors of long‐term dysphagia, weight loss, tracheostomy, and gastrostomy, with pretreatment dysphagia and salvage surgery also associated with pneumonia. Surgery and postoperative radiation was associated with long‐term dysphagia (OR = 1.4 [1.0–1.9]) but reduced odds of long‐term pneumonia (OR = 0.7 [0.5–0.9]). Long‐term dysphagia, gastrostomy or tracheostomy dependence, weight loss, airway obstruction, and pneumonia were associated with poorer survival, with pneumonia associated with the greatest risk of death at 5 years (hazard ratio = 2.6 [2.4–2.9]).ConclusionsAirway and swallowing impairment is common after laryngeal SCCA treatment in elderly patients, increases over time, and is associated with poorer survival—with pneumonia associated with the highest risk of long‐term mortality. Patients with pretreatment dysphagia, initial treatment with chemoradiation, and salvage surgery represent a high‐risk group with an increased risk of disability and death.Level of Evidence2c.Laryngoscope, 125:924–933, 2015
Ligand binding to a high‐energy partially unfolded protein
Authors: Kasper Joseph R. , Park Chiwook 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe conformational energy landscape of a protein determines populations of all possible conformations of the protein and also determines the kinetics of the conversion between the conformations. Interaction with ligands influences the conformational energy landscapes of proteins and shifts populations of proteins in different conformational states. To investigate the effect of ligand binding on partial unfolding of a protein, we use Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and its functional ligand NADP+ as a model system. We previously identified a partially unfolded form of DHFR that is populated under native conditions. In this report, we determined the free energy for partial unfolding of DHFR at varying concentrations of NADP+ and found that NADP+ binds to the partially unfolded form as well as the native form. DHFR unfolds partially without releasing the ligand, though the binding affinity for NADP+ is diminished upon partial unfolding. Based on known crystallographic structures of NADP+‐bound DHFR and the model of the partially unfolded protein we previously determined, we propose that the adenosine‐binding domain of DHFR remains folded in the partially unfolded form and interacts with the adenosine moiety of NADP+. Our result demonstrates that ligand binding may affect the conformational free energy of not only native forms but also high‐energy non‐native forms.
Synthesis of starch vernolate in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid
Authors: Desalegn Tegene , Garcia Ignacio J. Villar , Titman Jeremy , Licence Peter , Chebude Yonas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA new method for the preparation of epoxy fatty acid esters of cassava starch (starch vernolates) is presented based on the reaction of cassava starch with vernonia oil methyl ester (epoxy ester) using only 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride, [C4C1im]Cl, ionic liquid as a reaction medium and a cheap inexpensive base such as pyridine as a catalyst. Under the reported reaction conditions, a high degree of substitution of 1.03 was achieved, at a reaction temperature of 110°C and 24 h reaction time. The new starch vernolates were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and solid state NMR (CP/MAS 13C NMR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the new product is an amorphous material with a continuous and shapeless morphology. The melting point measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is 111.4°C. The new synthetic method makes the synthesis of starch vernolates less time consuming and more inexpensive. The differences in melting point and degree of substitution with previously synthesized starch vernolates using enzymatic catalysis suggest a difference in reaction selectivity via this new reaction path.
Chromosomale Mosaike in der klinischen Zytogenetik
Authors: Weise Anja , Klein Elisabeth , Mrasek Kristin 
Published: November 2014

Zusammenfassung
In der Zytogenetik werden Zellen im Gegensatz zu molekulargenetischen Untersuchungen individuell analysiert. Dadurch können Zellen mit verschiedenen Karyotypen (Zellmosaike) aufgedeckt werden. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Probleme der diagnostischen Befunderhebung und -interpretation chromosomaler Mosaike. Eine besondere Herausforderung liegt darin, dass zwischen echten Mosaiken einerseits und Kulturartefakten, Pseudomosaiken, Alterseffekten, mütterlicher Kontamination oder Chimärismus andererseits unterschieden werden muss. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, ein chromosomales Mosaik in der zytogenetischen Routinediagnostik zu übersehen, ist sehr hoch, da hier nur ca. 15 von 1012 Körperzellen und dazu in der Regel nur ein einziger Gewebetyp untersucht werden. Einige zytogenetische Mosaike sind typisch für bestimmte Syndrome, wie z. B. das Pallister-Killian-, das Katzenaugen oder das Ullrich-Turner-Syndrom; andere sind charakteristisch für bestimmte Krankheitsbilder, einschließlich hämatologischer maligner Erkrankungen.
Left Atrium Dilatation and Multiple Vascular Territory Strokes
Authors: Gagne Brosseau Marie-Sarah , Boulanger Jean-Martin , Leblanc Nancy , Berger Leo , Benzazon Micheal 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a cause of ischemic stroke and is associated with recurrence and with acute multi-vessel territory non lacunar stroke. Many cryptogenic strokes could be secondary to undiagnosed paroxystic AF. As left atrium (LA) dilatation is a risk factor of AF, we sought to determine if moderate or severe LA dilatation was associated with multiple vascular territory infarcts on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with acute ischemic stroke without known AF. Normal LA diameter values are ≤4.0 cm for men and ≤3.8 for women. Methods: Patients who presented at our center between 2006 and 2011 with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemick attack (TIA) who had a transthoracic echocardiography and a brain MRI were included. Patients with known or de novo AF diagnosed within 3 months of the event were excluded. The main outcome was the presence of acute multi-vessel territory infarct(s) on MRI.Results: 356 patients were included. The mean LA diameter was 37 mm in the control group (normal or mildly dilated LA) and 49 mm in those with moderately to severely enlarged LA (p<0.001). More patients in the LA dilatation group met the main outcome (20% vs 6%; OR 3.89; 95% CI 1.32-11.43; p=0.0014). Conclusions: LA dilatation (at least moderate) is associated with acute non lacunar multiple vascular territory infarcts on MRI in patients with AIS or TIA without known AF or a confirmed diagnosis of AF. Further studies are necessary to determine if this population might benefit from anticoagulation therapy.
Coevolution of width and sinuosity in meandering rivers
Authors: Eke Esther C. , Czapiga M. J. , Viparelli E. , Shimizu Y. , Imran J. , Sun T. , Parker G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis research implements a recently proposed framework for meander migration, in order to explore the coevolution of planform and channel width in a freely meandering river. In the model described here, width evolution is coupled to channel migration through two submodels, one describing bank erosion and the other describing bank deposition. Bank erosion is modelled as erosion of purely non-cohesive bank material damped by natural armouring due to basal slump blocks, and bank deposition is modelled in terms of a flow-dependent rate of vegetal encroachment. While these two submodels are specified independently, the two banks interact through the medium of the intervening channel; the morphodynamics of which is described by a fully nonlinear depth-averaged morphodynamics model. Since both banks are allowed to migrate independently, channel width is free to vary locally as a result of differential bank migration. Through a series of numerical runs, we demonstrate coevolution of local curvature, width and streamwise slope as the channel migrates over time. The correlation between the local curvature, width and bed elevation is characterized, and the nature of this relationship is explored by varying the governing parameters. The results show that, by varying a parameter representing the ratio between a reference bank erosion rate and a reference bank deposition rate, the model is able to reproduce the broad range of river width–curvature correlations observed in nature. This research represents a step towards providing general metrics for predicting width variation patterns in river systems.
Simulation of the relativistic electron dynamics and acceleration in a linearly-chirped laser pulse
Authors: Jisrawi Najeh M. , Galow Benjamin J. , Salamin Yousef I. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTheoretical investigations are presented, and their results are discussed, of the laser acceleration of a single electron by a chirped pulse. Fields of the pulse are modeled by simple plane-wave oscillations and a cos2 envelope. The dynamics emerge from analytic and numerical solutions to the relativistic Lorentz-Newton equations of motion of the electron in the fields of the pulse. All simulations have been carried out by independent Mathematica and Python codes, with identical results. Configurations of acceleration from a position of rest as well as from injection, axially and sideways, at initial relativistic speeds are studied.
A 22 year assessment of deforestation and restoration in riparian forests in the eastern Brazilian Amazon
Authors: NUNES SÂMIA S. , BARLOW JOS , GARDNER TOBY A. , SIQUEIRA JOÃO V. , SALES MÁRCIO R. , SOUZA CARLOS M. 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYBrazilian environmental law imposes more restrictions on land-use change by private landowners in riparian forests than in non-riparian forest areas, reflecting recognition of their importance for the conservation of biodiversity and key ecosystem services. A 22-year time series of classified Landsat images was used to evaluate deforestation and forest regeneration in riparian permanent preservation areas over the past two decades, focusing on the municipality of Paragominas in the state of Pará in eastern Amazonia. There was no evidence that riparian forests had been more effectively protected than non-riparian forests. Instead, deforestation was found to be comparatively higher inside riparian permanent preservation areas as recently as 2010, indicating a widespread failure of private property owners to comply with environmental legislation. There was no evidence for higher levels of regeneration in riparian zones, although property owners are obliged by law to restore such areas. A number of factors limit improvements in the protection and restoration of riparian forests. These include limited awareness of environmental compliance requirements, the need for improved technical capacity in mapping the distribution and extent of riparian forests and the boundaries of private properties, and improved access to the financial resources and technical capacity needed to support restoration projects.
Image transmission using unequal error protected multi‐fold turbo codes over a two‐user power‐line binary adder channel
Authors: Khalid Abbas , Khan Eraj , Adebisi Bamidele , Honary Bahram , Khan Samee U. 
Published: November 2014

Impulsive noise is one of the major challenges for reliable transmission over power lines. Interleavers provide higher protection against the impulsive noise by dispersing information across the channel and spreading the burst of errors over multiple codewords. Multi‐fold turbo (MFT) coding is a technique that improves the communication reliability using multiple interleavers. In the MFT codes, each data subsequence is equally protected. For applications in which data constitute information with various levels of importance, it is intuitive to offer the more important subsequence, a stronger protection. A modified form of the MFT codes capable of providing unequal error protection over a two‐user power‐line binary adder channel is proposed here. As a benchmark, two test images are transmitted across the channel. The trellis‐based iterative algorithm is modified for the two‐user scenario to decode the received signal. The simulation results show a gain of 1.5 dB for the modified MFT code over the conventional turbo codes for each of the transmitted images. A gain of 2 dB is also recorded for the most protected component of each image over the least protected components.
Sex disparity in colonic adenomagenesis involves promotion by male hormones, not protection by female hormones
Authors: Amos-Landgraf James M. , Heijmans Jarom , Wielenga Mattheus C. B. , Dunkin Elisa , Krentz Kathy J. , Clipson Linda , Ederveen Antwan G. , Groothuis Patrick G. , Mosselman Sietse , Muncan Vanesa , Hommes Daniel W. , Shedlovsky Alexandra , Dove William F. , van den Brink Gijs R. 
Published: November 2014

Significance
The age-adjusted incidence of colonic adenomas and colorectal cancer is higher in men than in women. In a careful analysis of two established animal models, we found that castration reduced, and testosterone supplementation restored, the number of adenomas in the male rat and mouse colon, whereas ovariectomy and replacement of female hormones had no measureable effect on colonic adenomagenesis. In Min mice, in which most of the tumors arise in the small intestine, this testosterone-dependent sexual dimorphism in mice was specific to the colon. Our results support a paradigm shift: Testosterone promotes early adenomagenesis through an indirect mechanism, explaining the enhanced susceptibility of males to colonic adenomagenesis in the human, rat, and mouse.
Anatomical accuracy of brain connections derived from diffusion MRI tractography is inherently limited
Authors: Thomas Cibu , Ye Frank Q. , Irfanoglu M. Okan , Modi Pooja , Saleem Kadharbatcha S. , Leopold David A. , Pierpaoli Carlo 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) tractography is widely used to map structural connections of the human brain in vivo and has been adopted by large-scale initiatives such as the human connectome project. Our results indicate that, even with high-quality data, DWI tractography alone is unlikely to provide an anatomically accurate map of the brain connectome. It is crucial to complement tractography results with a combination of histological or neurophysiological methods to map structural connectivity accurately. Our findings, however, do not diminish the importance of diffusion MRI as a noninvasive tool that offers important quantitative measures related to brain tissue microstructure and white matter architecture.