bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update on the oncologic and obstetric outcomes of medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment for atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer
Authors: Tamauchi Satoshi , Nakagawa Atsushi , Yoshida Kosuke , Yoshihara Masato , Yokoi Akira , Yoshikawa Nobuhisa , Niimi Kaoru , Kajiyama Hiroaki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of high‐dose oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy as a fertility‐sparing treatment for patients diagnosed with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and endometrioid carcinoma G1 without myometrial invasion (G1EC). Particular attention was given to the extended administration and readministration of MPA for patients with persistent disease following initial treatment and those with recurrence.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 79 patients who underwent daily oral MPA treatment between 2005 and 2024 at Nagoya University Hospital. Patient characteristics, treatment outcomes, factors contributing to recurrence, and post‐MPA therapy pregnancies were examined.ResultsMPA therapy achieved a remarkable complete response (CR) rate of 91.1%. The median time to achieve CR was 26.0 and 40.0 weeks for AEH and G1EC patients, respectively. Importantly, 27 patients (39.7%) attained CR after more than 6 months of treatment, including 8 patients (11.8%) who achieved CR after more than a year of treatment. The recurrence rates were 52.9% for AEH and 64.7% for G1EC. Twenty eight patients resumed MPA treatment, and 23 achieved second CR. Notably, recurrence was not associated with clinical factors such as age, body mass index, or post‐CR pregnancy. Among patients who attempted pregnancy after achieving CR, 22 live births were successfully achieved.ConclusionsHigh‐dose oral MPA therapy demonstrated both safety and efficacy for preserving fertility in patients with AEH and G1EC, resulting in a high CR rate. MPA extension and readministration proved to be beneficial strategies for managing patients with recurrence and persistent disease following initial treatment.
Unpleasant words can affect the detection of morphosyntactic errors: An ERP study on individual differences
Authors: Vieitez Lucia , Padrón Isabel , Díaz‐Lago Marcos , de Dios‐Flores Iria , Fraga Isabel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, several ERP studies have investigated whether the early computation of agreement is permeable to the emotional content of words. Some studies have reported interactive effects of grammaticality and emotionality in the left anterior negativity (LAN) component, while others have failed to replicate these results. Furthermore, novel findings suggest that grammatical processing can elicit different neural patterns across individuals. In this study, we aim to investigate whether the interaction between grammaticality and emotionality is restricted to participants with a specific neural profile. Sixty‐one female native speakers of Spanish performed an agreement judgment task in noun phrases composed of a determiner, a noun, and an unpleasant or neutral adjective that could agree or disagree in gender with the preceding noun. Our results support the existence of two different brain profiles: negative and positive dominance (individuals showing either larger LAN or larger P600 amplitudes in ungrammatical stimuli than in grammatical ones, respectively). Interestingly, the neural pattern of these two groups diverged at different points along the time course. Thus, the negative dominance group showed grammaticality effects as early as 200 ms, along with parallel and autonomous processing of grammaticality and emotionality at the LAN/N400 time window. Instead, for the positive dominance group an early interaction was found at around 200 ms, evidencing a grammaticality effect that emerged only for unpleasant words. Our findings confirm the role of individual differences in the interplay between grammar and emotion at the neural level and call for the inclusion of this perspective in studies on syntactic processing.
A Novel Biomedical Polyurethane Material With Optimized Optical and Mechanical Properties Is Developed
Authors: Abbas Ibtisam , Al-Jumaily A. M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This research aims to design and develop a novel polyurethane elastomer (PUE) material with potential for biomedical optical applications. The study investigates the influence of hard segment (HS) content on transparency and tensile strength to optimize optical and mechanical properties. A one-step polymerization method is employed to synthesize a series of PUEs based on polyester, poly (3-methyl-1,5-pentandioladipate) (PMPA), diisocyanate (4,4-methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) (MDI)), and the chain extender 1,4 butanediol (BD). By varying the ratios of PMPA/BD/MDI, PUE samples with different HS concentrations are synthesized. Analytical techniques including infrared spectroscopy, refractometer, UV/visible spectrophotometer, and tensile tests confirm the chemical structure of the synthesized PMPAPUE materials and investigate refractive indices (n), transmission spectra, and Young's modulus (YM), respectively. Films (PUE-1, PUE-2, and PUE-3) prepared using solvent-casting techniques exhibit varying optical and mechanical properties. PUE-1, with low HS content, demonstrates excellent transparency, with n = 1.59 and 89.63% of total transmitted light, and possesses excellent elastic properties with a YM of 10.654 MPa and a high strain value of S = 303.7%, meeting lens material requirements, promising for biomedical optical applications. Conversely, PUE-2 and PUE-3, with high HS content, are translucent and stiffer materials exhibiting higher YM, suitable for polymer processing, and tissue engineering applications. The optimization of the material's properties was achieved by carefully tailoring the composition of HS and soft segments, raw material ratios, and optimizing reaction conditions.
Numerical Study on the Enhancing Effects of Bump Turbulence Structures on Wave Rotor Combustor
Authors: Wei Xiaonong , Gong Erlei , Jin Wu , Li Jianzhong , Zheng Renchuan , Feng Zhan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Enhanced combustion technology is identified as a method that can improve both combustion efficiency and energy utilization. In this article, a bump turbulence structure designed for the channels of a wave rotor combustor is introduced. The effects of the bump turbulence structure are compared with those of a traditional straight-plate structure of equivalent height. The mechanisms through which the bump turbulence structure influences the flow field and accelerates the flame are analyzed, and the impact of various positions of the bump turbulence structure on combustion outcomes is explored. The analysis of results indicates that the bump structure exhibits superior advantages over the straight-plate structure when considering both pressure loss and enhanced combustion effects. The bump structure alters the pressure distribution within the channel, increasing disturbances in the flow field and creating a positive feedback mechanism with flame acceleration. The initial position of the bump structure influences the speed of flame propagation within the channel. When the bump structure is positioned close to the ignition source, a notable acceleration of the flame is observed during the initial stages of combustion. Conversely, when the bump structure is situated away from the ignition source, a significant flame acceleration is evident during the later stages of combustion. For the channels of wave rotor combustors, there should be an optimal position of the bump structure to maximize the effect of flame acceleration.
Design, Analysis, and Validation of a Passive Parallel Continuum Ankle Exoskeleton for Support and Walking Assistance
Authors: Xu Sen , Tang Kai , Xu Lingmin , Ding Ye 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel passive parallel continuum ankle exoskeleton that can provide assistive torque during ankle plantar flexion. Due to the flexible branches arranged in compliance with ankle motion and shape, the compact design can also offer some vertical support. The proposed parallel mechanism consists of two types of branches. The first type is a pre-bent flexible rod, mainly used to apply assistive force/torque during ankle plantar flexion. The second type of branch consists of a bounded sphere joint, flexible rod, and bounded sphere joint (BFB), which is mainly used for support. We formulate the kinetostatic model of the BFB branch as a series of parallelizable unconstrained optimization problems to ensure efficient solvability. After that, we derive the kinetostatic model of the proposed mechanism. After calibration, the wrench error of the kinetostatic model is 9.07%. Simulation analysis based on the calibrated model shows that the designed mechanism has high supporting stiffness and low rotational stiffness. The assistive torque caused by the nonlinear rotational stiffness in the sagittal plane is similar to that of passive clutch-like mechanisms. These properties can still be maintained when the joint center changes within a small range. Besides, a walking experiment was conducted, and the results show that the proposed design can reduce gastrocnemius activity.
Feeding gilts and sows to maximize mammary development and lactation performance
Authors: Farmer Chantal , Johannsen Jakob C. 
Published: August 2024

Increasing sow milk yield is essential to achieve maximal growth of suckling piglets, and nutrition can stimulate milking capacity. From 90 days of age until puberty, replacement gilts should not undergo major feed restriction as it will inhibit mammary development. Providing phytoestrogens in that period will stimulate mammary hyperplasia. During gestation, feed intake of gilts must ensure that backfat at the end of gestation is above 16 mm to support mammary development. In the last third of gestation, providing 40% more lysine than requirements via the addition of soybean meal increases mammary mass in gilts, but not in multiparous sows. A high nutrient intake during transition is crucial, whereby providing sows 12.6 Mcal metabolizable energy and 22.0 g standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys daily ensures a high colostrum production and maximizes milk yield in the following lactation. During lactation, there are quadratic effects of energy and protein intakes on the weight of suckled mammary glands and sows should not be restricted-fed to avoid excessive mobilization of body reserves. Furthermore, the provision of adequate lysine is critical to maximize litter growth, with optimum daily intakes between 47.7 and 51.3 g SID Lys for primiparous sows and 51.3–67.2 g SID Lys for multiparous sows.
HPV Extended Genotyping to Triage Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screens—Balancing the Harms and Benefits of an Additional Triage Test before Direct Colposcopy Referral
Authors: Gottschlich Anna , Smith Laurie W. , Proctor Lily , Ogilvie Gina S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Netherlands’ cervical cancer screening program transitioned to primary human papillomavirus (HPV) screening in 2017. After the introduction of HPV-based screening, the country saw increases in colposcopy referral rates and detections of low-grade lesions. In July 2022, genotyping was introduced, and those with borderline or mild dyskaryotic (BMD) cytologic abnormalities were only referred to colposcopy if positive for HPV type 16 or 18, and repeat screening otherwise. In this article, various strategies using extended genotyping (HPV16/18/31/33/45/52/58) as a triage test after an abnormal screen were explored using data from HPV-positive participants with normal or BMD cytology in the Population-Based Screening Study Amsterdam (POBASCAM) trial. The authors assessed positive and negative predictive values and colposcopy referral rates for each strategy using extended genotyping to triage women to either direct referral to colposcopy or repeat screening. Direct referral did not meet positive and negative predictive value thresholds for efficiency for any strategies. However, the authors note that direct referral may nonetheless be useful among those with BMD due to minimal increases in colposcopy referrals and concerns of loss to follow-up at repeat screening. These findings demonstrate the potential utility of extended genotyping as a triage test in primary HPV screening programs. The results should be considered alongside the fact that referral to repeat screening may result in loss of engagement of women who need treatment to prevent invasive cancer.
See related article by Kroon et al., p. 1037
HCC-1 Accelerates Atherosclerosis by Inducing Endothelial Cell and Macrophage Pyroptosis and Serves as an Early Diagnostic Biomarker
Authors: Bu Fan , Wang Junhui , Chen Juanjiang , Zhang Qi , Lin Xiaomin , Zhang Ruyi , Bai Huanlan , Hua Yuneng , Wang Haifang , Huang Mei , Huang Yiyi , Lin Yuling , Hu Xiumei , Zheng Lei , Wang Qian 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
HCC-1 (hemofiltrate CC chemokine-1), a CC-type chemokine, exerts function to change intracellular calcium concentration, induce leukocyte, and manipulate enzyme release especially in monocytes. It has been reported that HCC-1 can predict the persistent acute kidney injury or suppress hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating cell cycle and promoting apoptosis; however, the effect of HCC-1 on atherosclerosis is poorly understood. Here, we aimed to clarify the function and mechanism of HCC-1 in atherosclerosis and whether it could serve as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis.

METHODS:

HCC-1 expression in serum, atherosclerotic plaques, and normal arterial tissue from patients with atherosclerosis and control group was assessed by ELISA, immunohistochemistry and confocal microscope, and bioinformatic analysis. The atherosclerotic model of HCC-1 overexpressing and control mice was generated by tail vein injection of adeno-associated virus serotype 9–HCC-1 on an ApoE
−/−
background. Cell adhesion, polarization, and pyroptosis were evaluated in vitro. The relationship between HCC-1 concentration in serum and atherosclerosis was analyzed in patients with atherosclerosis.

RESULTS:
HCC-1 expression was positively correlated with the occurrence and stable-unstable switch of atherosclerosis under bioinformatic analysis, which is further supported by the results of increased HCC-1 expression in atherosclerosis patients both in serum and atherosclerotic plaque. adeno-associated virus serotype 9–HCC-1 mice had higher levels of inflammatory factors, increased macrophage accumulation and pyroptotic rate in plaque, and decreased atherosclerotic plaque stability. In vitro, HCC-1 promoted monocyte adhesion and M1 polarization and induced inflammation and pyroptosis both in endothelial cells and macrophages.

CONCLUSIONS:
HCC-1 expression was increased in patients with atherosclerosis, and HCC-1 overexpression accelerated atherosclerotic burden via an enhancement in monocyte recruitment, M1 polarization, and pyroptosis both in endothelial cells and macrophages. Our findings suggested that HCC-1 may serve as an early biomarker for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis, with the capacity to reflect the degree of stenosis.
Lexical Surprisal Shapes the Time Course of Syntactic Structure Building
Authors: Slaats Sophie , Meyer Antje S. , Martin Andrea E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
When we understand language, we recognize words and combine them into sentences. In this article, we explore the hypothesis that listeners use probabilistic information about words to build syntactic structure. Recent work has shown that lexical probability and syntactic structure both modulate the delta-band (&lt;4 Hz) neural signal. Here, we investigated whether the neural encoding of syntactic structure changes as a function of the distributional properties of a word. To this end, we analyzed MEG data of 24 native speakers of Dutch who listened to three fairytales with a total duration of 49 min. Using temporal response functions and a cumulative model-comparison approach, we evaluated the contributions of syntactic and distributional features to the variance in the delta-band neural signal. This revealed that lexical surprisal values (a distributional feature), as well as bottom-up node counts (a syntactic feature) positively contributed to the model of the delta-band neural signal. Subsequently, we compared responses to the syntactic feature between words with high- and low-surprisal values. This revealed a delay in the response to the syntactic feature as a consequence of the surprisal value of the word: high-surprisal values were associated with a delayed response to the syntactic feature by 150–190 ms. The delay was not affected by word duration, and did not have a lexical origin. These findings suggest that the brain uses probabilistic information to infer syntactic structure, and highlight an importance for the role of time in this process.
Where There Is Unity, Order Results: Manufacturers’ Labels and the Creation of Standards in the Late Warring States Period
Authors: Škrabal Ondřej 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article explores how and why standardization practices emerged and evolved in a particular domain of state administration in China in the late Warring States period, namely, the inscription of manufacturers’ labels on bronze weapons produced in state-run workshops. By analyzing bronze weapons produced in the state of Hán in the third century BCE, the study highlights the evolution of standards via gradual refinement rather than abrupt innovation, the interplay of central and regional governments and workshops in the reformulation of standards, and trailblazing micro-management in the major production center in the Hán capital of Zheng. The standardization efforts in Hán help us better understand the developments in administration at the very end of the Warring States period and provide a new context for the famous standardizations introduced after the Qin unification of China in 221 BCE.
The usefulness of contrast-enhanced subtraction magnetic resonance imaging for detecting endoleaks after endovascular aortic repair with prophylactic intraoperative sac embolization
Authors: Kamisako Atsufumi , Nakai Motoki , Saguchi Toru , Tanaka Taro , Okada Yukinori , Ishida Masanori , Saito Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2024

Background Metallic and hyperdense artifacts and T1-shortening substances in the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) sac generated by embolic materials and lipiodol pose challenges in the identification of endoleaks on follow-up computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Purpose To evaluate the usefulness of contrast-enhanced subtraction MRI (CES-MRI) for detecting endoleaks after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) with intraoperative AAA sac embolization compared with CE-CT, this study was conducted. Material and Methods In this study, 28 consecutive patients who underwent EVAR with prophylactic AAA sac embolization were included. All patients underwent CES-MRI and CE-CT to detect endoleaks. The definitive diagnosis of endoleaks was a consensus reading of CE-CT and CES-MRI by two certified radiologists, in addition to angiography or reproducible radiological findings in the observational examination. Analysis was performed to evaluate which examination was better for detecting endoleaks. Results The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of CE-CT and CES-MRI according to observer 1 were 50%, 100%, and 0.813 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.625–1.00) and 100%, 95%, and 0.997 (95% CI = 0.984–1.00), respectively, and those according to observer 2 were 50%, 100%, and 0.750 (95% CI = 0.514–0.986) and 100%, 95%, and 0.969 (95% CI = 0.903–1.00), respectively. Intolerable artifacts were significantly observed on CE-CT. The severity of the artifacts did not depend on the stent graft on CT and MRI. Conclusion Although no significant difference was observed, CES-MRI tended to have better accuracy for endoleak detection in EVAR with intraoperative AAA sac embolization than CE-CT.
Urine Output and Development of Acute Kidney Injury in Sepsis: A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Yamamoto Ryo , Yamakawa Kazuma , Yoshizawa Jo , Kaito Daiki , Umemura Yutaka , Homma Koichiro , Sasaki Junichi 
Published: August 2024

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in sepsis and a urine output <0.5 mL/kg/h associated with increased mortality is incorporated into AKI diagnosis. We aimed to identify the urine-output threshold associated with increased AKI incidence and hypothesized that a higher urine output than a specified threshold, which differs from the predominantly used 0.5 mL/kg/h threshold, would be associated with an increased AKI incidence. Methods This was a post-hoc analysis of a nationwide prospective observational study. This study included adult patients newly diagnosed with sepsis and requiring intensive care. Urine output on the day of sepsis diagnosis was categorized as low, moderate, or high (<0.5, 0.5-1.0, and >1.0 mL/kg/h, respectively), and we compared AKI incidence, renal replacement therapy (RRT) requirement, and 28-day survival by category. Estimated probabilities for these outcomes were also compared after adjusting for patient background and hourly fluid administration. Results Among 172 eligible patients, AKI occurred in 46.3%, 48.3%, and 53.1% of those with high, moderate, and low urine output, respectively. The probability of AKI was lower in patients with high urine output than in those with low output (43.6% vs 56.5%; P = .028), whereas RRT requirement was lower in patients with high and moderate urine output (11.7% and 12.8% vs 49.1%; P < .001). Patients with low urine output demonstrated significantly lower survival (87.7% vs 82.8% and 67.8%; P = .018). Cubic spline curves for AKI, RRT, and survival prediction indicated different urine-output thresholds, including <1.2 to 1.3 mL/kg/h for AKI and <0.6 to 0.8 mL/kg/h for RRT and mortality risk. Conclusions Urine output >1.0 mL/kg/h on the day of sepsis diagnosis was associated with lower AKI incidence. The urine-output threshold was higher for developing AKI than for RRT requirement or mortality.
Incidence of hand-foot syndrome with protein kinase inhibitors in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients who received atezolizumab-bevacizumab combination
Authors: Perrier Marine , Zuccaro Emma , Carlier Claire , Brugel Mathias , Slimano Florian , Bouché Olivier 
Published: August 2024

Introduction Treatment of advanced HepatoCellular Carcinoma (HCC) is based on first-line (L1) combination of atezolizumab and high-dose (HD) bevacizumab while second-line (L2) refers one antiangiogenic protein kinase inhibitors (aaPKI). This prolonged antiangiogenic pressure let us to observe an increasing occurrence of Hand-Foot Syndromes (HFS) in patients receiving aaPKI after HD bevacizumab combination. This study reports observations and discussions about the evidence and hypothesis that could be made. Methods Patients who received the L1 combination from September 1st 2020 to December 31st 2022 to identify L2 aaPKI. Demographic, biological, oncological data and occurrence of HFS were collected. In addition were collected the number of L1 combination cycles, type of aaPKI, and delay between last L1 cycle and L2 initiation. This study had a purely exploratory purpose, so no statistical analysis was planned. Results 17 patients received an aaPKI after the L1 HD bevacizumab combination with a median time of 26 days from last L1 cycle to L2 start. Five patients experienced HFS including grade 3 ( n = 2) with sorafenib and cabozantinib. The HFS occurred with a median delay of 23 days (IQR: 21–28) from aaPKI start. Three patients experienced aaPKI-related dose-limiting toxicity. Conclusions Proportion of patients experienced HFS in our cohort did not differ from pivotal trials data and the sample size do not allow to conclude. Hypotheses include timing of aaPKI start in HCC treatment, vascular toxicity at aaPKI start after HD bevacizumab discontinuation instead combination, patient-related outcome for a better understanding of these aaPKI-related HFS post HD bevacizumab.