bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating noninvasive markers of nonhuman primate immune activation and inflammation
Authors: Higham James P. , Kraus Cornelia , Stahl‐Hennig Christiane , Engelhardt Antje , Fuchs Dietmar , Heistermann Michael 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesHealth, disease, and immune function are key areas of research in studies of ecology and evolution, but work on free‐ranging primates has been inhibited by a lack of direct noninvasive measures of condition. Here, we evaluate the potential usefulness of noninvasive measurement of three biomarkers, the acute‐phase proteins C‐reactive protein (CRP) and haptoglobin, and neopterin, a by‐product of macrophage activity.Materials and MethodsWe took advantage of veterinary checks on captive rhesus (24) and long‐tailed (3) macaques at the German Primate Center (DPZ) to analyze serum marker measures, before measuring concentrations in feces and urine, and evaluating relationships between matched serum, urine, and fecal concentrations. In a second study, we monitored excretion of these markers in response to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection and surgical tissue trauma, undertaken for a separate study.ResultsWe found that each biomarker could be measured in each matrix. Serum and urinary concentrations of neopterin were strongly and significantly correlated, but neither haptoglobin nor CRP concentrations in excreta proxied circulating serum concentrations. Our infection study confirmed that urinary neopterin, in particular, is a reliable marker of viral infection in macaques, but also indicated the potential of urinary and fecal CRP and haptoglobin as indicators of inflammation.DiscussionWe highlight the potential of noninvasive markers of immune function, especially of urinary neopterin, which correlates strongly with serum neopterin, and is highly responsive to infection. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:673–684, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is the establishment of MPAs enough to preserve endangered intertidal species? The case of Patella ferruginea in Mal di Ventre Island (W Sardinia, Italy)
Authors: Coppa Stefania , De Lucia G. Andrea , Massaro Giorgio , Camedda Andrea , Marra Stefano , Magni Paolo , Perilli Angelo , Di Bitetto Massimiliano , García‐Gómez José Carlos , Espinosa Free 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

The giant limpet Patella ferruginea is the most endangered endemic species in the Mediterranean Sea. It is at serious risk of extinction, especially along the coast of Corsica and Italy. The small population of P. ferruginea in the marine protected area (MPA) Penisola del Sinis ‐ Isola di Mal di Ventre (W Sardinia, Italy) is an isolated unit whose preservation is critical also from the perspective of conservation genetics.
This study considered the impact of illegal harvesting on the conservation status of P. ferruginea in the MPA. Site accessibility (semi‐accessible and hardly accessible) and legal protection (Zone A, B, C) were considered in two field surveys conducted in the Mal di Ventre Island in 2011 and 2013. Furthermore, Zone A was monitored annually from 2009 to 2013 to assess population dynamics and extinction risk.
In summer 2013 the total population size was estimated at 310 specimens (0.016±0.005 ind m‐1) with a significant decrease compared with 2011 (–52%), mainly due to poaching. Significantly higher density was found in the hardly accessible sites (0.039±0.007 ind m‐1 in 2013) and generally in Zone A (0.042±0.009 ind m‐1 in 2013). The size distribution showed a similar pattern, with larger sized individuals in those sites with maximum legal protection and a lower degree of accessibility. Juveniles (<25 mm) were almost absent and the mean individual growth rate (2.6±0.5 mm yr‐1) was lower in comparison with other Mediterranean populations. The population viability analysis predicted that, with current rates of harvesting, P. ferruginea may face local extinction within the next 10 years.
Without a joint effort towards the protection of intertidal habitats by enforcement bodies, regulators, researchers and sea users, the MPA will not achieve its conservation objectives and P. ferruginea will disappear from Mal di Ventre Island. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoluminescence properties of a new orange–red‐emitting Sm3+–La3SbO7 phosphor
Authors: Li Zeng‐Mei , Deng Li‐Gang , Zhao Shan‐Cang , Zhang Shu‐Qiu , Guo Chang‐Ying , Liang Jing‐Yun , Yue Hui , Wan Chun‐Yan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe antimonate compound La3SbO7 has high chemical stability, lattice stiffness and thermal stability. Orange–red‐emitting antimonate‐based phosphors La3SbO7:xSm3+ (x = 0.02, 0.05, 0.08, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25) were synthesized. The phase structure and photoluminescence properties of these phosphors were investigated. The emission spectrum obtained on excitation at 407 nm contained exclusively the characteristic emissions of Sm3+ at 568, 608, 654 and 716 nm, which correspond to the transitions from 4G5/2 to 6H5/2, 6H7/2, 6H9/2 and 6H11/2 of Sm3+, respectively. The strongest emission was located at 608 nm due to the 4G5/2→6H7/2 transition of Sm3+, generating bright orange–red light. The critical quenching concentration of Sm3+ in La3SbO7:Sm3+ phosphor was determined as 10% and the energy transfer between Sm3+ was found to be through an exchange interaction. The International Commission on Illumination chromaticity coordinates of the La3SbO7:0.10Sm3+ phosphors are located in the orange–red region. The La3SbO7:Sm3+ phosphors may be potentially used as red phosphors for white light‐emitting diodes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inclusion of mPRISM potential for polymer‐induced protein interactions enables modeling of second osmotic virial coefficients in aqueous polymer‐salt solutions
Authors: Herhut Marcel , Brandenbusch Christoph , Sadowski Gabriele 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe downstream processing of therapeutic proteins is a challenging task. Key information needed to estimate applicable workup strategies (e.g. crystallization) are the interactions of the proteins with other components in solution. This information can be deduced from the second osmotic virial coefficient B22, measurable by static light scattering. Thermodynamic models are very valuable for predicting B22 data for different process conditions and thus decrease the experimental effort. Available B22 models consider aqueous salt solutions but fail for the prediction of B22 if an additional polymer is present in solution. This is due to the fact that depending on the polymer concentration protein‐protein interactions are not rectified as assumed within these models. In this work, we developed an extension of the xDLVO model to predict B22 data of proteins in aqueous polymer‐salt solutions. To show the broad applicability of the model, lysozyme, γ‐globulin and D‐xylose ketol isomerase in aqueous salt solution containing polyethylene glycol were considered. For all proteins considered, the modified xDLVO model was able to predict the experimentally observed non‐monotonical course in B22 data with high accuracy. When used in an early stage in process development, the model will contribute to an efficient and cost effective downstream processing development.
Entwicklung der Eukaryoten aus Archaeen
Authors: Braun Volkmar 
Published: August 2015

AbstractArchaeen zählen zu den fundamentalsten biologischen Entdeckungen der vergangenen Jahrzehnte. Sie bilden neben Bakterien und Eukaryoten eine dritte Domäne. Die bisher aus Einzeldaten abgeleitete enge Beziehung der Archaeen zu Eukaryoten wird durch den Nachweis eines gemeinsamen Stammbaums einer neu isolierten Archaeengruppe (Lokiarchaeota) mit Eukaryoten belegt.
The relationships among individual and regional smoking, socioeconomic status, and oral and pharyngeal cancer survival: a mediation analysis
Authors: Guo Yi , Logan Henrietta L. , Marks John G. , Shenkman Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPoorer survival from oral and pharyngeal cancer (OPC) has been reported for populations of lower socioeconomic status (SES), adjusting for risk factors such as patient and clinical characteristics. Beyond these risk factors, higher rates of tobacco use may be a mediator for the observed poorer OPC survival for low SES populations. In this study, we aimed to examine the impact of the relationships among SES, individual smoking status, and living in a region with a higher smoking rate on OPC survival. We obtained Florida Cancer Data System data from 1996 to 2010 and merged the data with US Census data and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 1996 to 2010. We built multivariable survival models to quantify the mediational effect of individual smoking on overall and OPC‐specific survival, adjusting for regional smoking, demographics, and clinical characteristics. We found that lower SES, individual smoking, and living in a region with a higher smoking rate were all strongly associated with poorer survival. We estimated that the indirect effect of individual smoking accounted for a large part (ranged from 13.3% to 30.2%) of the total effect of SES on overall and OPC‐specific survival. In conclusion, individual and regional smoking are both significant and independent predictors of poor cancer survival. Higher rate of individual smoking is partially responsible for poorer cancer survival in low SES populations. Results of this study provide rationale for considering a multi‐level approach that simultaneously targets both individual and contextual factors for future smoking cessation interventions.
Modeling Separation Processes in Decanter Centrifuges by Considering the Sediment Build‐Up
Authors: Gleiss Marco , Nirschl Hermann 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMathematical modeling of the separation process in counter‐current decanter centrifuges was performed, taking into account the influence of the sediment build‐up and the flow pattern. Thus far, separation processes in centrifuges have been calculated by means of simplified empirical models based on the so‐called sigma theory. To reduce experimental efforts, a new model was developed that describes the separation process by considering material functions for sedimentation and the gel point. In addition, an arising sediment build‐up and changes in the flow conditions were taken into account. The conducted numerical simulations were validated by experiments. Simplified models such as the sigma theory usually depend on experimental data of industrial machines. The approach presented here shows an enhanced accuracy while not depending on such information. The proposed simulation procedure is adaptable to other types of decanter centrifuges such as co‐current machines.
Carbonated water injection: Effects of silica nanoparticles and operating pressure
Authors: Fathollahi Alireza , Rostami Behzad 
Published: August 2015

Carbonated water injection (CWI) is the process of injecting CO2‐saturated water into hydrocarbon reservoirs as a displacing fluid. As CO2 is dissolved in and transported by the flood water, CO2 is more evenly distributed within the reservoir, improving sweep efficiency. This is beneficial to watered‐out oil reservoirs, where high water saturation can adversely affect the performance of conventional CO2 injection.In this study, the effects of increasing CO2 concentration in water using silica nanoparticles, and of pressure on the CWI process were investigated through a number of high‐pressure coreflooding experiments. The experiments were performed in a highly water‐wet core, using normal decane as the oil phase. The results showed an increase in ultimate oil recovery as the level of CO2 concentration in water increased. It was also observed that in the application of nanoparticles, an optimized concentration of nanoparticles must be used to obtain the maximum oil recovery factor. CWI showed a higher recovery factor both in the secondary and tertiary modes at higher pressures, owing to the increased solubility of CO2 in water at high pressures. The results of this study suggest that secondary CWI performs better than tertiary recovery, due to the high probability of contact between the oil and the CO2 gas and a growing concentration of CO2 in the water.
Solvent‐Free Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed C–H Activation: Synthesis of Alkenylarylpyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Shome Sanchari , Singh Surya Prakash 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe RuII carboxylate complex Ru(MesCO2)2(p‐cymene) (Mes = mesityl) was found to be an efficient catalyst for the direct dehydrogenative alkenylation of N‐arylpyrazoles by using styrenes and acrylates in the presence of Cu(OAc)2·H2O in open air. The highly step‐economical C–H bond functionalization process is characterized by a wide substrate scope and significant chemoselectivity, which allowed direct alkenylation to be performed either under solvent‐free reaction conditions or by using a user‐friendly solvent system in which water was present as the major component. With less‐reactive styrenes, monoalkenylation took place, whereas with alkyl acrylates ortho‐dialkenylation occurred. This approach may provide new insight into the design of an environmentally benign method for the oxidative heterocoupling of N‐phenylpyrazole.
Unmodified Primary Amine Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Michael Reactions in Aqueous Media
Authors: Rogozińska‐Szymczak Maria , Mlynarski Jacek 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition of aldehydes to a nitro olefin in aqueous organic solvents catalysed by a broad range of simple primary amines and amino alcohols is reported. In particular, the use of (S,S)‐diphenylethylenediamine, which is the chiral backbone of various organocatalysts, gave addition products in good yields and with good to high enantioselectivities (45–96 % ee). Remarkably high enantioselectivities were observed for the demanding conjugate addition of α,α‐disubstituted aldehydes to nitrostyrene (96–98 % ee) in aqueous organic solvent mixtures.
Brain stimulation improves cognitive control by modulating medial‐frontal activity and preSMA‐vmPFC functional connectivity
Authors: Yu Jiaxin , Tseng Philip , Hung Daisy L. , Wu Shih‐Wei , Juan Chi‐Hung 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated that brain stimulation can improve inhibitory control. However, the neural mechanisms underlying such artificially induced improvement remain unclear. In this study, by coupling anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) with functional MRI, we found that atDCS over preSMA effectively improved stopping speed, which was associated with increased BOLD response in the preSMA and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Furthermore, such atDCS‐induced BOLD increase in vmPFC was positively correlated with participants’ improvement in stopping efficiency, and the functional connectivity between preSMA and vmPFC increased during successful stop. These results suggest that the rapid behavioral improvement from preSMA brain stimulation involves modulated medial‐frontal activity and preSMA‐vmPFC functional connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4004–4015, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
G‐protein genomic association with normal variation in gray matter density
Authors: Chen Jiayu , Calhoun Vince D. , Arias‐Vasquez Alejandro , Zwiers Marcel P. , van Hulzen Kimm , Fernández Guillén , Fisher Simon E. , Franke Barbara , Turner Jessica A. , Liu Jingyu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWhile detecting genetic variations underlying brain structures helps reveal mechanisms of neural disorders, high data dimensionality poses a major challenge for imaging genomic association studies. In this work, we present the application of a recently proposed approach, parallel independent component analysis with reference (pICA‐R), to investigate genomic factors potentially regulating gray matter variation in a healthy population. This approach simultaneously assesses many variables for an aggregate effect and helps to elicit particular features in the data. We applied pICA‐R to analyze gray matter density (GMD) images (274,131 voxels) in conjunction with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data (666,019 markers) collected from 1,256 healthy individuals of the Brain Imaging Genetics (BIG) study. Guided by a genetic reference derived from the gene GNA14, pICA‐R identified a significant SNP‐GMD association (r = −0.16, P = 2.34 × 10−8), implying that subjects with specific genotypes have lower localized GMD. The identified components were then projected to an independent dataset from the Mind Clinical Imaging Consortium (MCIC) including 89 healthy individuals, and the obtained loadings again yielded a significant SNP‐GMD association (r = −0.25, P = 0.02). The imaging component reflected GMD variations in frontal, precuneus, and cingulate regions. The SNP component was enriched in genes with neuronal functions, including synaptic plasticity, axon guidance, molecular signal transduction via PKA and CREB, highlighting the GRM1, PRKCH, GNA12, and CAMK2B genes. Collectively, our findings suggest that GNA12 and GNA14 play a key role in the genetic architecture underlying normal GMD variation in frontal and parietal regions. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4272–4286, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The primary somatosensory cortex and the insula contribute differently to the processing of transient and sustained nociceptive and non‐nociceptive somatosensory inputs
Authors: Hu Li , Zhang Li , Chen Rui , Yu Hongbo , Li Hong , Mouraux André 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTransient nociceptive stimuli elicit consistent brain responses in the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices (S1, S2), the insula and the anterior and mid‐cingulate cortex (ACC/MCC). However, the functional significance of these responses, especially their relationship with sustained pain perception, remains largely unknown. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we characterize the differential involvement of these brain regions in the processing of sustained nociceptive and non‐nociceptive somatosensory input. By comparing the spatial patterns of activity elicited by transient (0.5 ms) and long‐lasting (15 and 30 s) stimuli selectively activating nociceptive or non‐nociceptive afferents, we found that the contralateral S1 responded more strongly to the onset of non‐nociceptive stimulation as compared to the onset of nociceptive stimulation and the sustained phases of nociceptive and non‐nociceptive stimulation. Similarly, the anterior insula responded more strongly to the onset of nociceptive stimulation as compared to the onset of non‐nociceptive stimulation and the sustained phases of nociceptive and non‐nociceptive stimulation. This suggests that S1 is specifically sensitive to changes in incoming non‐nociceptive input, whereas the anterior insula is specifically sensitive to changes in incoming nociceptive input. Second, we found that the MCC responded more strongly to the onsets as compared to the sustained phases of both nociceptive and non‐nociceptive stimulation, suggesting that it could be involved in the detection of change regardless of sensory modality. Finally, the posterior insula and S2 responded maximally during the sustained phase of non‐nociceptive stimulation but not nociceptive stimulation, suggesting that these regions are preferentially involved in processing non‐nociceptive somatosensory input. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4346–4360, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RAB2A Polymorphism impacts prefrontal morphology, functional connectivity, and working memory
Authors: Li Jin , Liu Bing , Chen Chuansheng , Cui Yue , Shang Liqing , Zhang Yun , Wang Chao , Zhang Xiaolong , He Qinghua , Zhang Wen , Bi Wenwei , Jiang Tianzi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCalbindin‐containing γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) have been found to play an important role in working memory (WM) and their malfunctions have been linked to psychiatric disorders. A recent genome‐wide association and expression‐SNP study indicated that the RAB2A gene was associated with the density of prefrontal calbindin‐positive neurons, suggesting this gene may have a broader influence on prefrontal structure and function. Using multimodal MRI and behavioral tasks, the current study investigated the effect of RAB2A on prefrontal morphology, resting‐state functional connectivity, and WM performance in a large sample of healthy Han Chinese subjects. Results showed that the RAB2A AGCAAA haplotype was associated with improved WM accuracy, increased cortical thickness in the left inferior frontal gyrus, and decreased functional connectivity between the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left dorsolateral PFC. Our findings provide consistent evidence supporting the effect of RAB2A on the structure and function of the PFC and related cognitive functions. These results should provide new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the GABAergic genes' role in WM as well as its dysfunction. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4372–4382, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microalgal phycocyanin productivity: strategies for phyco‐valorization
Authors: Querques Nicolas , Cesta Mercedes , Santos Rafael M , Chiang Yi Wai 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPhyco‐valorization is the exploitation of microalgae and microalgal chemicals as valuable products. This paper discusses the optimization of microalgal bioreactor‐based systems for C‐phycocyanin pigment production. Various aspects contributing to system development and enhancement of phycocyanin productivity are described. A wide range of potential microalgal species have been identified for phycocyanin production; the selection of a species for mass culturing can be determined by desired bioreactor trophic mode and symbiotic relations. Research has demonstrated that species amenability to local lighting and climatic conditions, and to variations in bioreactor substrate concentrations and operational parameters, have significant impact on phycocyanin production. The simultaneous optimization of all factors contributing to system productivity may be accomplished efficiently through process modelling. A summary of established models for microalgal phycocyanin production is presented. A suggested strategy for increasing economic viability of phycocyanin production systems is their application in integrated resource recovery. Through the incorporation of phycocyanin productivity optimization principles within a phycoremediation process, the valorization of waste resources may be achieved. The simultaneous economic potential and environmentally‐forward concept of phyco‐valorization through phycocyanin production is a promising application of microalgal biotechnology awaiting further development for industrial implementation. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry