bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Properties of the Alkyl/Aryl Germanium Dioximates Containing Ge─O Bond: Stability Factors—A Theoretical Approach
Authors: Thomas Raji , Joseph P. Nelson , Pardasani Pushpa , Mukherjee T. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe reactions of R2GeCl2 and R3GeCl with 9,10‐phenanthrenequinone dioxime in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios to form a series of organogermanium complexes of the general formula R2GeL and (R3Ge)2L [R=Me, Et, Ph] have been investigated. The physical and spectral properties of all derivatives are described. In addition, the nature of Ge─O bond has been studied by using the DFT/B3LYP method.
One‐Pot Halogen‐Free Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐inden‐2‐yl‐phosphinic Acid from 1H‐indene and Elemental Phosphorus via the Trofimov–Gusarova Reaction
Authors: Artem'ev Alexander V. , Malysheva Svetlana F. , Korocheva Anastasiya O. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT1H‐Indene reacts with red phosphorus in the superbasic KOH/DMSO(H2O) suspension at 120°C for 2.5 h to give (after acidification) 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐2‐yl‐phosphinic acid in 55% isolated yield.
MULTIDIMENSIONAL DISTANCE‐TO‐COLLAPSE POINT AND SOVEREIGN DEFAULT PREDICTION
Authors: Savona Roberto , Vezzoli Marika 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYBy focusing on sovereign defaults, this paper introduces a multidimensional distance‐to‐collapse point based on a two‐step procedure. The first step is nonparametric and provides an early warning system that signals a potential crisis whenever preselected leading indicators exceed specific thresholds. The second is parametric and incorporates the first‐step country default predictors within a probit specification. Such a two‐step procedure generalizes the distance‐to‐default à la Merton within a multidimensional setting, wherein we care about the distance of each indicator from its threshold. Empirical evidence about debt crises of emerging markets over the period 1975–2002 proves that our methodology predicts 80% of the total defaults and non‐defaults in and out of sample. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GA/GB fold switching may modulate fatty acid transfer from human serum albumin to bacteria
Authors: Polticelli Fabio , Caprari Silvia , Gianni Stefano , Ascenzi Paolo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHuman serum albumin (HSA) accounts for most of the functions of plasma. Among others, HSA serves as a carrier and a solubilizer for many endogenous and exogenous ligands, including fatty acids (FAs) as well as peptides and proteins such as the GA module of the bacterial poly(A)‐binding (PAB) protein. Although the biological function(s) of the GA module of the bacterial PAB protein is unknown, the acquisition of the GA module adds selective advantages to the bacterium in terms of growth rate and increase in virulence, probably by providing the bacteria with FAs and, possibly, other nutrients transported by HSA. Here, we hypothesize that the GA module may undergo a structural transition from the all‐α form to the 4β+α form typical of the GB domains upon binding of a FA molecule, as part of the mechanism which allows the bacterial PAB protein to extract FAs from HSA. © 2012 IUBMB. IUBMB Life, 64(11): 885–888, 2012
Adipose tissue engineering with human adipose tissue‐derived adult stem cells and a novel porous scaffold
Authors: Wang Wei , Cao Bin , Cui Lei , Cai Jinglong , Yin Jingbo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe investigated the effect of a novel porous scaffold composed with water‐soluble poly(L‐glutamic acid) (PLGA) and chitosan (CS) on the attachment, proliferation, and adipogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue‐derived adult stem cells (ADSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Scanning electron microscope and fluorescent Dil labeling were used to reveal the attachment and growth of ADSCs on scaffolds; cell proliferation was detected by DNA assay. The adipogenic differentiation potential of ADSCs on the scaffolds was assayed by Oil‐red O staining and further confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for adipogenic gene markers (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ2, lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid‐binding protein, adiponectin). Cell‐seeded constructs exposed to adipogenic medium for 2 weeks in vitro were implanted in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice for 6 weeks. It was shown that ADSCs attached and spread well on scaffolds with good proliferation behaviors and abundance of extracellular matrix deposition. Oil‐red O staining and RT‐PCR showed adipogenic differentiation potential of ADSCs on scaffolds. Newly formed adipose‐like tissue was confirmed in vivo in SCID mice by Oil‐red O staining. PLGA/CS porous scaffolds exhibit good compatibility to ADSCs and can be promising biomaterials for adipose tissue engineering. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 101B: 68–75, 2013.
A new radiopaque embolizing agent for the treatment of endoleaks after endovascular repair: Influence of contrast agent on chitosan thermogel properties
Authors: Coutu Jean‐Michel , Fatimi Ahmed , Berrahmoune Saoussen , Soulez Gilles , Lerouge Sophie 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA new injectable radiopaque embolizing agent has been developed, based on chitosan thermogelling properties. Different commercial contrast agents (Isovue®, Visipaque®, and Conray®) were associated with chitosan‐β‐glycerophosphate. Their impact on gelation kinetic, mechanical properties, radiopacity, and cytotoxicity was tested to evaluate the best candidate and its feasibility for the treatment of endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Addition of contrast agents did not prevent gelation at body temperature, but it significantly increased the viscosity of the solution before gelation, delayed gelation, and reduced the gelation rate. However, using chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation and 20 vol % contrast agent made it possible to obtain a gel with rapid gelation that was visible during X‐ray based guided intervention. Hydrogels exhibit relatively low mechanical properties, which are only slightly modified by the addition of contrast agents. In vitro studies have demonstrated rapid release of contrast agents from hydrogels when immersed in a saline solution (>50% within 4 h). This is suitable for embolization, as radiopacity is required only to follow the embolization procedure, while long‐term radiopacity would hamper further imaging and endoleak detection. Cytotoxicity and osmolality testing of extracts demonstrated some toxicity of products released by the gel during the first few hours, which is mainly related to their hypertonicity. After the first 24 h incubation, hydrogels released no more cytotoxic compounds, suggesting that the hydrogel rapidly becomes biocompatible. Altogether, this study suggests that the new radiopaque thermogels present interesting characteristics as embolizing agents for EVAR, although their mechanical properties require improvement. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 101B: 153–161, 2013.
Growth of calcium phosphates on magnesium substrates for corrosion control in biomedical applications via immersion techniques
Authors: Shadanbaz Shaylin , Walker Jemimah , Staiger Mark P. , Dias George J. , Pietak Alexis 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) has been suggested as a revolutionary biodegradable replacement for current permanent metals used in orthopedic applications. Current investigations concentrate on the control of the corrosion rate to match bone healing. Calcium phosphate coatings have been a recent focus of these investigations through various coating protocols. Within this investigation, an in situ crystallization technique was utilized as an inexpensive and relatively simple method to produce a brushite and monetite coating on pure Mg. Coatings were characterized using energy dispersive spectroscopy, glancing angle X‐ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Corrosion protection properties of the coatings were assessed in physiological buffers, Earles balanced salt solution, minimum essential media, and minimum essential media containing serum albumin, over a 4‐week period. Using this novel coating protocol, our findings indicate brushite and monetite coated Mg to have significant corrosive protective effects when compared with its uncoated counterpart whilst maintaining high coating substrate adhesion, homogeneity, and reproducibility. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 101B: 162–172, 2013.
Structure and strength of the distal radius in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A case-control study
Authors: Zhu Tracy Y , Griffith James F , Qin Ling , Hung Vivian WY , Fong Tsz-Ning , Au Sze-Ki , Tang Xiao Lin , Kwok Anthony W , Leung Ping-Chung , Li Edmund K , Tam Lai-Shan 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate the volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone microstructure, and mechanical indices of the distal radius in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We report a cross-sectional study of 66 middle-aged female RA patients and 66 age-matched healthy females. Areal BMD (aBMD) of the hip, lumbar spine, and distal radius was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) was performed at the distal radius, yielding vBMD, bone microstructure, and mechanical indices. Cortical and trabecular vBMD were 3.5% and 10.7% lower, respectively, in RA patients than controls, despite comparable aBMD. Trabecular microstructural indices were –5.7% to –23.1% inferior, respectively, in RA patients compared to controls, with significant differences in trabecular bone volume fraction, separation, inhomogeneity, and structural model index. Cortical porosity volume and percentage were 128% and 93% higher, respectively, in RA patients, with stress being distributed more unevenly. Fourteen RA patients had exaggerated periosteal bone apposition primarily affecting the ulnovolar aspect of the distal radius. These particular patients were more likely to have chronic and severe disease and coexisting wrist deformity. The majority of the differences in density and microstructure between RA patients and controls did not depend on menstrual status. Recent exposure to glucocorticoids did not significantly affect bone density and microstructure. HR-pQCT provides new insight into inflammation-associated bone fragility in RA. It detects differences in vBMD, bone microstructure, and mechanical indices that are not captured by DXA. At the distal radius, deterioration in density and microstructure in RA patients involved both cortical and trabecular compartments. Excessive bone resorption appears to affect cortical more than trabecular bone at distal radius, particularly manifested as increased cortical porosity. Ulnovolar periosteal apposition of the distal radius is a feature of chronic, severe RA with wrist deformity. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A Total Solution to Baseline Separation of 20 Brominated Flame Retardant Additives in Electronic Products with Automated Soxhlet Hot Extraction and Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Zhao Tian‐Bo , Luo Guan , Huang Hui , Wang Jia , Cai Zhong‐Zhan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAn efficient and reliable separation technique based on automated Soxhlet hot extraction (AHSE) was developed and validated. It can be applied to rapid separations of 20 persistent organic pollutants, including two types of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) contained in nonmetallic component parts of electronic products. The qualitative chromatographic analyses were carried out by using a gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometry detector (GC‐MS). The 20 persistent organic pollutants were simultaneously and completely separated by a 15 meter HP‐5MS short capillary column in 25 minutes. Through the tests of extraction performance, effects of solvent and extraction time on selected BFRs were investigated; toluene and 120 min extraction time were chose as the optimum conditions. Besides, this article examines the influence of temperature on the chromatographic analysis, the optimum temperature parameters were 280 °C and 320 °C for injector and column, respectively. The ASHE‐GCMS method was validated for the analysis of the certified reference material of CRM8110‐a and IRMM310. The limits of detection (LOD) for polymer sample was 0.55‐4.50 μg mL−1; linearity range from 0.11 to 16 μg mL−1. The proposed methodology can fully meet the requirement of relational directives.
Enhancing Device Performance of Small Molecular Organic Photovoltaic Cells by Controlling the Deposition Rate of Fullerene
Authors: Liu Shun‐Wei , Lee Chih‐Chien , Su Wei‐Cheng , Lin Chi‐Feng , Chou Chia‐Chang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTo improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of small molecular weight organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) it is proposed to use a simple fabrication method by controlling the deposition rate of the acceptor material fullerene (C60) in planar heterojunction OPV structures of ITO/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/C60/bathocuproine (BCP)/Ag. In our optimised device, the highest PCE of 1.7% was obtained through a deposition rate of C60 equal to 0.3 nm/s due to the superior charge balance in the CuPc/C60 heterojunction. Such a charge balance condition increased the fill factor from 52.4% to 56.1% by reducing the carrier accumulation in the OPV device. The electron only device was fabricated with the purpose of analysing the electron mobility of C60 as a function of the deposition rate. In addition, the effects of the deposition rates on the performance of planar OPV devices were exhaustively analysed by examining the absorption properties and the surface morphologies.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties of rac‐6,13‐Dihydro‐6,13‐methanopentacene
Authors: Tsai Hsing‐Yang , Luo Ming‐Hui , Fang Tzu‐Chien , Chang Ming‐Jen , Chen Kew‐Yu 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe title compound, rac‐6,13‐dihydro‐6,13‐methanopentacene (1), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR, 1H NMR, UV‐Vis, HRMS spectra, cyclic voltammetry and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to orthorhombic, space group P212121, with Z = 4 and cell dimensions a = 6.0185(4), b = 8.1914(6), c = 31.4080(19) Å. In the crystal structure, two types of intermolecular C–H···π hydrogen bonds are observed, and further stabilize the crystal structure. Its photophysical and electrochemical properties and complementary density functional theory (DFT) calculations are reported.
The Electrochemical Behavior of p‐tert‐Butyl‐sulfonylcalix[4]arene and Its Selective Complexation with Metal Ions at Water‐Air Interface
Authors: Wang Fei , Jiang Xin‐Zhong , Gao Lin , Zhao Long‐Tao 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of p‐tert‐butyl‐sulfonylcalix[4]arene (SCA) has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The results show that there is an irreversible electrochemical oxidative wave when the potential ranges from 0.9 to 1.9 V versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE) in CH2Cl2 at a glassy carbon electrode. The kinetic parameters of the andic wave, such as α,n, ks, D and the diffusion activation energy (Ed), were discussed. In addition, the interaction of SCA with metal ions at the water‐air interface was also discussed by Langmuir‐Blodgett (LB) techniques. The results confirm that the selectivity of SCA as ligand for Pb2+ in monomolecular film is very high by complexation action, which provide the foundation that LB film of SCA modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as voltammetric sensor to detect trace amounts of Pb2+.
4D flow MRI
Authors: Markl Michael , Frydrychowicz Alex , Kozerke Sebastian , Hope Mike , Wieben Oliver 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTraditionally, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of flow using phase contrast (PC) methods is accomplished using methods that resolve single‐directional flow in two spatial dimensions (2D) of an individual slice. More recently, three‐dimensional (3D) spatial encoding combined with three‐directional velocity‐encoded phase contrast MRI (here termed 4D flow MRI) has drawn increased attention. 4D flow MRI offers the ability to measure and to visualize the temporal evolution of complex blood flow patterns within an acquired 3D volume. Various methodological improvements permit the acquisition of 4D flow MRI data encompassing individual vascular structures and entire vascular territories such as the heart, the adjacent aorta, the carotid arteries, abdominal, or peripheral vessels within reasonable scan times. To subsequently analyze the flow data by quantitative means and visualization of complex, three‐directional blood flow patterns, various tools have been proposed. This review intends to introduce currently used 4D flow MRI methods, including Cartesian and radial data acquisition, approaches for accelerated data acquisition, cardiac gating, and respiration control. Based on these developments, an overview is provided over the potential this new imaging technique has in different parts of the body from the head to the peripheral arteries. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MRI of cardiac iron overload
Authors: Chu Winnie C.W. , Au Wing Y. , Lam Wynnie W.M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTransfusion therapy has greatly improved the survival of transfusion dependent thalassemia major (TM) patients; however, the resultant iron load damages tissues including the heart, liver and endocrine organs. Among these, heart complication still remains the leading cause of mortality. Myocardial iron deposition can occur independently of other solid organ involvement; conversely, the heart may be spared despite heavy siderosis in other tissues. Iron chelation treatment diminishes the risk of hemosiderosis; however, the chelation treatment has its own toxicities and might not be available to all patients due to costs. Close monitoring of individual organ iron concentration and function is thus important for optimization of individual patient care. This review outlines the importance and clinical significance of recently available MRI techniques for monitoring cardiac iron load. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:1052–1059. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
4D flow MRI
Authors: Markl Michael , Frydrychowicz Alex , Kozerke Sebastian , Hope Mike , Wieben Oliver 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTraditionally, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of flow using phase contrast (PC) methods is accomplished using methods that resolve single‐directional flow in two spatial dimensions (2D) of an individual slice. More recently, three‐dimensional (3D) spatial encoding combined with three‐directional velocity‐encoded phase contrast MRI (here termed 4D flow MRI) has drawn increased attention. 4D flow MRI offers the ability to measure and to visualize the temporal evolution of complex blood flow patterns within an acquired 3D volume. Various methodological improvements permit the acquisition of 4D flow MRI data encompassing individual vascular structures and entire vascular territories such as the heart, the adjacent aorta, the carotid arteries, abdominal, or peripheral vessels within reasonable scan times. To subsequently analyze the flow data by quantitative means and visualization of complex, three‐directional blood flow patterns, various tools have been proposed. This review intends to introduce currently used 4D flow MRI methods, including Cartesian and radial data acquisition, approaches for accelerated data acquisition, cardiac gating, and respiration control. Based on these developments, an overview is provided over the potential this new imaging technique has in different parts of the body from the head to the peripheral arteries. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:1015–1036. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glucocorticoid‐induced fetal brain growth restriction is associated with p73 gene activation
Authors: Mouihate Abdeslam , Al‐Bader Maie D. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFetal exposure to excessive amounts of glucocorticoids (GCs) hampers proper brain development. The molecular mechanism(s) underlying these GCs effects are not well understood. We explored the impact of fetal exposure to maternal GCs on fetal brain expression of p63 and p73 transactivation (TA) and dominant negative (ΔN) gene variants that promote neural cell death (TA) and cell survival programs (ΔN). The fetoplacental enzyme 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2, which shields fetuses from maternal glucocorticoids, was inhibited throughout pregnancy by daily injection of carbenoxolone to pregnant dams. The expression of p63 and p73 gene variants and proteins was monitored by real‐time rtPCR and Western blot in the brains of male and female fetuses. Carbenoxolone administration led to an overall enhanced level of corticosterone in the amniotic fluid of both male and female fetuses at late pregnancy. These enhanced corticosterone levels were associated with a significant reduction in fetal brain weights and a significant increase in TAp73 mRNA and p73 protein levels. However, the expression levels of TAp63 mRNA and p63 proteins were either suppressed or unaffected. The pro‐neural survival gene variant ΔNp73 was significantly reduced in female and enhanced in male fetal brains, whereas ΔNp63 was significantly reduced in the brains of both genders. These data suggest that the GCs‐induced negative impact on fetal brain development likely is due, at least in part, to their action of the pro‐neural cell death gene variant TAp73 and to the modulation of the pro‐survival ΔNp63 and ΔNp73 gene variants in a gender‐dependent fashion. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Training old rats selectively modulates synaptosomal protein synthesis
Authors: Eyman Maria , Cefaliello Carolina , Mandile Paola , Piscopo Stefania , Crispino Marianna , Giuditta Antonio 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe have previously shown that the local synthesis of two synaptic proteins of 66.5‐kDa and 87.6‐kDa is selectively enhanced in male adult rats trained for a two‐way active avoidance task. We report here that a comparable but not identical response occurs in 2‐year‐old male rats trained for the same task. In the latter age group, the local synthesis of the 66.5‐kDa protein markedly increases in cerebral cortex, brainstem, and cerebellum, with a somewhat lower increment in synthesis of the 87.6‐kDa protein. On the other hand, the newly synthesized 87.6‐kDa protein correlates with avoidances and escapes and inversely correlates with freezings in cerebral cortex and brainstem, whereas the correlations of the newly synthesized 66.5‐kDa protein remain below significance. These correlative patterns are sharply at variance with those present in trained adult rats. Our data confirm that the local system of synaptic protein synthesis is selectively modulated by training and show that the synaptic response of old rats differs from that of adult rats as reflected in behavioral responses. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.