bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical effectiveness of controlled ankle motion boots: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Stolycia Mason L. , Lunn David E. , Stanier Will , Walker Josh , Wilkins Richard A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionControlled ankle motion (CAM) boots are a below‐knee orthotic device prescribed for the management of foot and ankle injuries to reduce ankle range of motion (RoM) and offload the foot and ankle whilst allowing continued ambulation during recovery. There is a lack of clarity within the current literature surrounding the biomechanical understanding and effectiveness of CAM boots.AimsTo summarise the biomechanical effects of CAM boot wear as an orthotic for restricting ankle RoM and offloading the foot.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. All papers were independently screened by two authors for inclusion. Methodological quality was appraised using Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal checklists. A narrative synthesis of all eligible papers was produced.ResultsThirteen studies involving 197 participants (113 male and 84 female) were included. All studies were quasi‐randomised and employed a within‐study design, of which 12 studies included a control group and a range of CAM boots were investigated. CAM boots can be seen to restrict ankle RoM, however, neighboring joints such as the knee and hip do have kinetic and kinematic compensatory alterations. Plantar pressure of the forefoot is effectively redistributed to the hindfoot by CAM boots.ConclusionThe compensatory mechanisms at the hip and knee joint during CAM boot wear could explain the secondary site pain often reported in patients, specifically at the ipsilateral knee and contralateral hip. Although CAM boots can be used to restrict ankle motion, this review has highlighted a lack of in‐boot kinematic analyses during CAM boot use, where tracking markers are placed on the anatomical structure rather than on the boot, or through video fluoroscopy, urging the need for a more robust methodological approach to achieve this. There is a need for studies to assess the biomechanical alterations caused by CAM boots in populations living with foot and ankle pathologies. Future research, adopting a longitudinal study design, is required to fully understand the effectiveness of CAM boots for rehabilitation.
The therapeutic landscape of citrin deficiency
Authors: Vuković Toni , Kuek Li Eon , Yu Barbara , Makris Georgios , Häberle Johannes 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCitrin deficiency (CD) is a recessive, liver disease caused by sequence variants in the SLC25A13 gene encoding a mitochondrial aspartate–glutamate transporter. CD manifests as different age‐dependent phenotypes and affects crucial hepatic metabolic pathways including malate–aspartate‐shuttle, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, de novo lipogenesis and the tricarboxylic acid and urea cycles. Although the exact pathophysiology of CD remains unclear, impaired use of glucose and fatty acids as energy sources due to NADH shuttle defects and PPARα downregulation, respectively, indicates evident energy deficit in CD hepatocytes. The present review summarizes current trends on available and potential treatments for CD. Baseline recommendation for CD patients is dietary management, often already present as a self‐selected food preference, that includes protein and fat‐rich food, and avoidance of excess carbohydrates. At present, liver transplantation remains the sole curative option for severe CD cases. Our extensive literature review indicated medium‐chain triglycerides (MCT) as the most widely used CD treatment in all age groups. MCT can effectively improve symptoms across disease phenotypes by rapidly supplying energy to the liver, restoring redox balance and inducing lipogenesis. In contrast, sodium pyruvate restored glycolysis and displayed initial preclinical promise, with however limited efficacy in adult CD patients. Ursodeoxycholic acid, nitrogen scavengers and L‐arginine treatments effectively address specific pathophysiological aspects such as cholestasis and hyperammonemia and are commonly administered in combination with other drugs. Finally, future possibilities including restoring redox balance, amino acid supplementation, enhancing bioenergetics, improving ureagenesis and mRNA/DNA‐based gene therapy are also discussed.
Specific long‐term changes in anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG modifications and antibody functions in mRNA, adenovector, and protein subunit vaccines
Authors: Reinig Sebastian , Kuo Chin , Wu Chia‐Chun , Huang Sheng‐Yu , Yu Jau‐Song , Shih Shin‐Ru 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVarious vaccine platforms were developed and deployed against the COVID‐19 disease. The Fc‐mediated functions of IgG antibodies are essential in the adaptive immune response elicited by vaccines. However, the long‐term changes of protein subunit vaccines and their combinations with messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are unknown. A total of 272 serum and plasma samples were collected from individuals who received first to third doses of the protein subunit Medigen, the mRNA (BNT, Moderna), or the adenovector AstraZeneca vaccines. The IgG subclass level was measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and Fc‐N glycosylation was measured using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Antibody‐dependent‐cellular‐phagocytosis (ADCP) and complement deposition (ADCD) of anti‐spike (S) IgG antibodies were measured by flow cytometry. IgG1 and 3 reached the highest anti‐S IgG subclass level. IgG1, 2, and 4 subclass levels significantly increased in mRNA‐ and Medigen‐vaccinated individuals. Fc‐glycosylation was stable, except in female BNT vaccinees, who showed increased bisection and decreased galactosylation. Female BNT vaccinees had a higher anti‐S IgG titer than that of males. ADCP declined in all groups. ADCD was significantly lower in AstraZeneca‐vaccinated individuals. Each vaccine produced specific long‐term changes in Fc structure and function. This finding is critical when selecting a vaccine platform or combination to achieve the desired immune response.
Trade credits and visit frequency: The role of order financing on logistics efficiency in the nanostore setting
Authors: Escamilla Rafael , Fransoo Jan C. , Mogollon Marcos 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMillions of mom‐and‐pop nanostores dominate the grocery retail landscape in emerging markets. As nanostores are cash and storage space constrained, their suppliers tend to visit them with a high frequency, causing high operational costs. It is unclear if credit could mitigate such costs by allowing for a lower visit frequency. To investigate this, we conduct a randomized field experiment on nanostores that have not made recent use of supplier credit, with the objective to uncover how trade credits interact with the visit frequency and with the available storage space to shape shopkeepers' ordering behavior. We find that trade credits moderate the positive relationship between visit frequency and bi‐weekly order size, with credit effects being salient under low frequency visits. Storage space, by contrast, does not directionally shape shopkeepers' ordering behavior. While trade credits may more than offset the negative effect of low frequency visits among adopting nanostores, credit adoption remains challenging, with only 24% of nanostores assigned to the credit condition actually adopting the credit. Remarkably, not a single credit line was defaulted over the entire duration of the intervention. In terms of assortment, trade credit is mostly used to acquire nanostores' core assortment of popular, low‐price items with low physical volume. We contribute to the extant literature by showing that the gesture by the supplier to extend trade credit may only partly legitimize a reduction of the visit frequency.
Antibiotics, passive smoking, high socioeconomic status and sweetened foods contribute to the risk of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Thacker Nisha , Duncanson Kerith , Eslick Guy D. , Dutt Shoma , O'Loughlin Edward V. , Hoedt Emily C. , Collins Clare E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveGenetic and environmental factors influence pathogenesis and rising incidence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD). The aim was to meta‐analyse evidence of diet and environmental factors in PIBD.MethodsA systematic search was conducted to identify diet and environmental factors with comparable risk outcome measures and had been reported in two or more PIBD studies for inclusion in meta‐analyses. Those with ≥2 PIBD risk estimates were combined to provide pooled risk estimates.ResultsOf 4763 studies identified, 36 studies were included. PIBD was associated with higher risk with exposure to ≥/=4 antibiotic courses (includes prescriptions/purchases/courses), passive smoking, not being breastfed, sugary drink intake, being a non‐Caucasian child living in a high‐income country and infection history (odds ratio [OR] range: 2–3.8). Paediatric Crohn's disease (CD) was associated with higher risk with exposure to antibiotics during early childhood, ≥/=4 antibiotic courses, high socioeconomic status (SES), maternal smoking, history of atopic conditions and infection history (OR range: 1.6–4.4). A history of infection was also associated with higher risk of paediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) (OR: 3.73). Having a higher number of siblings (≥2) was associated with lower risk of paediatric CD (OR: 0.6) and paediatric UC (OR: 0.7). Pet exposure was associated with lower risk of paediatric UC (OR: 0.5).ConclusionSeveral factors associated with PIBD risk were identified that could potentially be used to develop a disease screening tool. Future research is needed to address risk reduction in PIBD.
Not only domestic spaces: dismantling short‐term occupations in Level 497D of Cova Gran de Santa Linya (Pre‐Pyrenees, Spain)
Authors: Sánchez‐Romero Laura , Martínez‐Moreno Jorge , Benito‐Calvo Alfonso , Sánchez‐Martínez Javier , Torcal Rafael Mora 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe Early Upper Paleolithic Level 497D of Cova Gran (Pre‐Pyrenees, Spain) comprises large assemblages of lithics, fauna, hearths, ash accumulations and well‐preserved refitting sequences. This provides exceptional information to analyze spatial patterns and deepen our understanding of the socio‐economic behavior of these human groups. This large interdisciplinary dataset has allowed us to carry out a detailed spatial study based on density analysis, geostatistics, fabric analysis and orientation techniques, revealing a structuring of the activities performed within the rock shelter. The distribution and accumulation of lithic artifacts, fauna and refits, and their association with the 10 hearths and ash accumulations, show that different types of activities were developed at the site, as well as showing the different uses of the hearths. 497D is a palimpsest where several short‐term occupations and/or activities could have occurred in a relatively short period of time, avoiding prolonged exposure to biotic and abiotic post‐depositional factors that could have significantly disturbed this well‐preserved assemblage. This level shows a place visited several times in relation to the development of specific activities, with movements throughout the landscape for the exploitation of local and regional resources, and less so its use as a domestic space. This implies that the central settlement, or dwelling space, would have been located somewhere other than Cova Gran.
Trauma reminders and disgust: The roles of posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity, trauma type, and reminder type
Authors: Nester M. Shae , Wisco Blair E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDisgust is a common emotional response to trauma but is studied less frequently than fear or other negative emotions. In laboratory settings, individuals with a history of sexual assault report more disgust following exposure to trauma reminders than those exposed to other trauma types, and people with more severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms typically report more disgust than those with lower symptom levels. It remains unknown whether this association is also present in ecological contexts and if these associations vary by trauma reminder type. The present sample included 80 trauma‐exposed community members (PTSD: n = 39, no PTSD: n = 41) who completed up to 17 prompts per day for 3 days (2,158 total completed surveys). Multilevel models indicated that trauma reminders were associated with increased feelings of disgust, B = 0.16, SE = 0.06, p < .001, which was consistent across trauma reminder types, p < .001–p = .001. PTSD symptom severity moderated the association between trauma reminders and disgust such that it was stronger for participants with higher CAPS‐5 scores, B = 0.02, SE = 0.01, p = .011. All trauma reminder types demonstrated the same pattern of moderation, ps = .003–.022, except flashbacks, p = .070. Trauma type was not a significant moderator of any trauma reminder type, ps = .193–.929. These findings suggest that trauma reminders encountered in daily life are associated with feelings of disgust. The results underscore the importance of exploring disgust as a trauma‐related emotional experience among trauma survivors.
An overview of diagnostics and therapeutics using large language models
Authors: Malgaroli Matteo , McDuff Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThere is an acute need for solutions to treat stress and trauma–related sequelae, and there are well‐documented shortages of qualified human professionals. Artificial intelligence (AI) presents an opportunity to create advanced screening, diagnosis, and treatment solutions that relieve the burden on people and can provide just‐in‐time interventions. Large language models (LLMs), in particular, are promising given the role language plays in understanding and treating traumatic stress and other mental health conditions. In this article, we provide an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art LLMs applications in diagnostic assessments, clinical note generation, and therapeutic support. We discuss the open research direction and challenges that need to be overcome to realize the full potential of deploying language models for use in clinical contexts. We highlight the need for increased representation in AI systems to ensure there are no disparities in access. Public datasets and models will help lead progress toward better models; however, privacy‐preserving model training will be necessary for protecting patient data.
Dynamic interchange between two protonation states is characteristic of active sites of cholinesterases
Authors: Zlobin Alexander , Smirnov Ivan , Golovin Andrey 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCholinesterases are well‐known and widely studied enzymes crucial to human health and involved in neurology, Alzheimer's, and lipid metabolism. The protonation pattern of active sites of cholinesterases influences all the chemical processes within, including reaction, covalent inhibition by nerve agents, and reactivation. Despite its significance, our comprehension of the fine structure of cholinesterases remains limited. In this study, we employed enhanced‐sampling quantum‐mechanical/molecular‐mechanical calculations to show that cholinesterases predominantly operate as dynamic mixtures of two protonation states. The proton transfer between two non‐catalytic glutamate residues follows the Grotthuss mechanism facilitated by a mediator water molecule. We show that this uncovered complexity of active sites presents a challenge for classical molecular dynamics simulations and calls for special treatment. The calculated proton transfer barrier of 1.65 kcal/mol initiates a discussion on the potential existence of two coupled low‐barrier hydrogen bonds in the inhibited form of butyrylcholinesterase. These findings expand our understanding of structural features expressed by highly evolved enzymes and guide future advances in cholinesterase‐related protein and drug design studies.
A suicidal and extensively disordered luciferase with a bright luminescence
Authors: Dijkema Fenne Marjolein , Escarpizo‐Lorenzana Marta Iglesia , Nordentoft Matilde Knapkøien , Rabe Hanna Christin , Sahin Cagla , Landreh Michael , Branca Rui Mamede , Sørensen Esben Skipper , Christensen Brian , Prestel Andreas , Teilum Kaare , Winther Jakob Rahr 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGaussia luciferase (GLuc) is one of the most luminescent luciferases known and is widely used as a reporter in biochemistry and cell biology. During catalysis, GLuc undergoes inactivation by irreversible covalent modification. The mechanism by which GLuc generates luminescence and how it becomes inactivated are however not known. Here, we show that GLuc unlike other enzymes has an extensively disordered structure with a minimal hydrophobic core and no apparent binding pocket for the main substrate, coelenterazine. From an alanine scan, we identified two Arg residues required for light production. These residues separated with an average of about 22 Å and a major structural rearrangement is required if they are to interact with the substrate simultaneously. We furthermore show that in addition to coelenterazine, GLuc also can oxidize furimazine, however, in this case without production of light. Both substrates result in the formation of adducts with the enzyme, which eventually leads to enzyme inactivation. Our results demonstrate that a rigid protein structure and substrate‐binding site are no prerequisites for high enzymatic activity and specificity. In addition to the increased understanding of enzymes in general, the findings will facilitate future improvement of GLuc as a reporter luciferase.
Concurrent event‐triggered adaptive neural control for MASS under cross‐water scenarios
Authors: Ye Xiang , Chen Chao , Zhu Guibing , Hu Xin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article discusses the control problem of marine autonomous surface ships (MASS) under cross‐water scenarios, that is, from open water to restricted water, where several practical facts, such as uncertain dynamic, unknown disturbance and actuator wear suppression, are taken into account. To resolve such a control design challenge, the predefined performance control (PPC)‐based and barrier Lyapunov function (BLF)‐based ideas are employed, and a prespecified performance function (PPF) is designed to implement the transformation of cross‐water design. Under the adaptive backstepping design framework, with aid of PPC‐based and BLF‐based design ideas, an adaptive neural control solution is developed for MASS under cross‐water scenarios. Furthermore, to reduce the actuator wear and tear caused by high‐frequency corresponding control commands and hull vibration, a new multichannel concurrent event‐triggered protocol (ETP) is constructed in the controller‐actuator (C‐A) channel. Finally, a concurrent event‐triggered adaptive neural control scheme is proposed for MASS under cross‐water scenarios. The theoretical analysis indicates that all signals in the control system are ultimately bounded, and the Zeno behavior is avoided. The simulation and comparison results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the developed control scheme.
A two‐stage Bayesian framework for rapid dynamics identification in industrial robots
Authors: Qiao Xuechun , Yang Liren , Liu Xing , Wang Yasen , Cheng Cheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate dynamic models that update in real‐time are vital for industrial robots to adapt flexibly and robustly to evolving environments and tasks, enabling precise model‐based control, motion planning and disturbance estimation. However, the identification of a dynamic robot model involves multiple challenges. First, existing friction models cannot accurately characterize torque variance during prolonged robot operations. Second, traditional offline identification methods such as the least squares (LS) method, suffer from over‐fitting when the inertia parameters are unknown a priori. Furthermore, existing online identification approaches, such as sliding LS, fail to meet the accuracy and real‐time requirements of industrial robots. To address these challenges, this article proposes a two‐stage Bayesian framework for rapid offline identification and online updating of industrial robot dynamics. In the offline stage, we developed a recursive sparse Bayesian learning (RSBL) method to select the dominant parameters and discover a thermal‐related nonlinear dynamic friction model from data, which was then used to find a sparser and simpler inertia model. The obtained friction and inertia models were used as prior knowledge for online updating. The RSBL method significantly reduces the computational complexity and runtime, while it also accelerates online model updating. Experimental results for a 6‐DOF medium‐load robot validate dual offline improvements in prediction accuracy and model sparsity, along with higher online prediction accuracy and shorter computational time.
Pilot implementation of an evidence‐based online cognitive behavioural therapy for perfectionism in university students: Lessons learnt
Authors: Robinson Katherine , Atkinson Melissa J. , Kylišová Kateřina , Egan Sarah J. , Shafran Roz , Wade Tracey D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHigher Education Institutes (HEIs) have been met with an unprecedented demand on their student counselling and wellbeing services in recent years with the impacts of COVID‐19 and high rates of mental health concerns amongst student populations. Online mental health programs offer one solution by providing students with quick and easy access to effective therapeutic content. The Focused Minds Program is an evidence‐based eight‐module online self‐guided cognitive behavioural intervention that targets the transdiagnostic risk factor of perfectionism and has been shown to decrease depression, anxiety, and disordered eating. The program was implemented at a UK university between 2021 and 2023. Recruitment occurred via departmental emails, academic staff, and the university's counselling staff and website. Participants were provided with access to the intervention for 6‐weeks and completed weekly surveys of psychosocial measures. The trial's implementation was assessed using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework: reach (uptake via the recruitment channels), effectiveness (outcomes on psychometric measures of mental wellbeing), adoption (staff and organisational support), implementation (intervention engagement and attrition), and maintenance (continued implementation across the trial period). Key barriers to successful implementation, as well as proposed solutions, are discussed to guide future online mental health interventions provided in HEIs.