bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of pancreatic ductal leaks and fistulae
Authors: Larsen Michael , Kozarek Richard 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPancreatic duct leaks can occur as a result of both acute and chronic pancreatitis or in the setting of pancreatic trauma. Manifestations of leaks include pseudocysts, pancreatic ascites, high amylase pleural effusions, disconnected duct syndrome, and internal and external pancreatic fistulas. Patient presentations are highly variable and range from asymptomatic pancreatic cysts to patients with severe abdominal pain and sepsis from infected fluid collections. The diagnosis can often be made by high‐quality cross‐sectional imaging or during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Because of their complexity, pancreatic leak patients are best managed by a multidisciplinary team comprised of therapeutic endoscopists, interventional radiologists, and surgeons in the field of pancreatic interventions. Minor leaks will often resolve with conservative management while severe leaks will frequently require interventions. Endoscopic treatments for pancreatic duct leaks have replaced surgical interventions in many situations.Interventional radiologists also have the ability to offer therapeutic interventions for many leak patients. The mainstay of endotherapy for pancreatic leaks is transpapillary pancreatic duct stenting with a stent that bridges the leak if possible, but varies based on the manifestation and clinical presentation. Fluid collections that result from leaks, such as pseudocysts, can often be treated by endoscopic transluminal drainage with or without endoscopic ultrasound or by percutaneous drainage. Endoscopic interventions have been shown to be effective and have an acceptable complication rate.
Plant Pleiotropic Drug Resistance Transporters: Transport Mechanism, Gene Expression, and Function
Authors: Nuruzzaman Mohammed , Zhang Ru , Cao Hong‐Zhe , Luo Zhi‐Yong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporters belonging to the ABCG subfamily of ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters are identified only in fungi and plants. Members of this family are expressed in plants in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses and transport a diverse array of molecules across membranes. Although their detailed transport mechanism is largely unknown, they play important roles in detoxification processes, preventing water loss, transport of phytohormones, and secondary metabolites. This review provides insights into transport mechanisms of plant PDR transporters, their expression profiles, and multitude functions in plants.
Predictors of sense of coherence in typically developing adolescent siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Smith L. O. , Elder J. H. , Storch E. A. , Rowe M. A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be a stressor for family members yet there is little published research on the impact of having a child with ASD on their typically developing (TD) adolescent siblings. According to Antonovsky's salutogenic model, a strong sense of coherence leads to the view that the stressor is a manageable challenge rather than a burden and promotes healthier adaptation. This study examines the relationship between stress, TD sibling resources and the sense of coherence in TD siblings.MethodThis quantitative mail‐based study uses a survey methodology, analysing the responses of TD adolescent siblings (n = 96) of individuals with autism, Asperger's syndrome, or pervasive developmental disorder – not otherwise specified to several rating scales. Adolescent siblings, ages 11 to 18 years, completed the Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experience (ACOPE), Network of Relationship Inventory – Social Provision Version (NRI‐SPV), Youth Self Report (YSR), and Sense of Coherence (SOC) instruments; parents completed the Child Autism Rating Scale – 2nd Edition (CARS‐2).ResultsThe salutogenesis model was used to guide and inform this research. Findings suggested the following: (a) the stress of ASD severity and resource of adjustment are related in TD adolescent siblings; (b) TD sibling adjustment has a strong relationship with sense of coherence levels; and (c) a greater number of positive coping strategies buffer TD sibling coherence levels when ASD severity scores are high.ConclusionsASD severity and TD adolescent sibling resources influence sense of coherence in adolescent TD siblings of individuals with ASD.
Microscale investigation of thin film surface ageing of bitumen
Authors: DAS P.K. , KRINGOS N. , BIRGISSON B. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThis paper investigates the mechanism of bitumen surface ageing, which was validated utilizing the atomic force microscopy and the differential scanning calorimetry. To validate the surface ageing, three different types of bitumen with different natural wax content were conditioned in four different modes: both ultraviolet and air, only ultraviolet, only air and without any exposure, for 15 and 30 days. From the atomic force microscopy investigation after 15 and 30 days of conditioning period, it was found that regardless the bitumen type, the percentage of microstructure on the surface reduced with the degree of exposure and time. Comparing all the four different exposures, it was observed that ultraviolet radiation caused more surface ageing than the oxidation. It was also found that the combined effect was not simply a summation or multiplication of the individual effects. The differential scanning calorimetry investigation showed that the amount of crystalline fractions in bitumen remain constant even after the systematic conditioning. Interestingly, during the cooling cycle, crystallization of wax molecules started earlier for the exposed specimens than the without exposed one. The analysis of the obtained results indicated that the ageing created a thin film upon the exposed surface, which acts as a barrier and creates difficulty for the wax induced microstructures to float up at the surface. From the differential scanning calorimetry analysis, it can be concluded that the ageing product induced impurities in the bitumen matrix, which acts as a promoter in the crystallization process.
Malignant hypertension and retinopathy in a western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
Authors: Niemuth Jennifer N. , De Voe Ryan S. , Jennings Samuel H. , Loomis Michael R. , Troan Brigid V. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundA 34‐year‐old western lowland gorilla presented with peracute blindness.MethodsClinical evaluation, diagnostic imaging, laboratory analyses, blood pressure measurements, and necropsy were performed.ResultsThe clinical and postmortem findings supported malignant hypertension.ConclusionsWe describe a case of naturally occurring hypertensive encephalopathy and retinopathy in a gorilla.
Barriers to nutritional care for the undernourished hospitalised elderly: perspectives of nurses
Authors: Eide Helene Dahl , Halvorsen Kristin , Almendingen Kari 
Published: March 2014

Aims and objectivesTo identify what nurses experience as barriers to ensuring adequate nutritional care for the undernourished hospitalized elderly.BackgroundUndernutrition occurs frequently among the hospitalised elderly and can result in a variety of negative consequences if not treated. Nevertheless, undernutrition is often unrecognised and undertreated. Nurses have a great responsibility for nutritional care, as this is part of the patient's basic needs. Exploring nurses' experiences of preventing and treating undernourishment among older patients in hospitals is therefore highly relevant.DesignA focus group study was employed based on a hermeneutic phenomenological methodological approach.MethodsFour focus group interviews with totally 16 nurses working in one large university hospital in Norway were conducted in spring 2012. The nurses were recruited from seven somatic wards, all with a high proportion of older (≥70 years) inpatients. The data were analysed in the three interpretative contexts: self‐understanding, a critical common‐sense understanding and a theoretical understanding.ResultsWe identified five themes that reflect barriers the nurses experience in relation to ensuring adequate nutritional care for the undernourished elderly: loneliness in nutritional care, a need for competence in nutritional care, low flexibility in food service practices, system failure in nutritional care and nutritional care is being ignored.ConclusionsThe results imply that nutritional care at the university hospital has its limits within the hospital structure and organisation, but also regarding the nurses' competence. Moreover, the barriers revealed that the undernourished elderly are not identified and treated properly as stipulated in the recommendations in the national guidelines on the prevention and treatment of undernutrition.Relevance to clinical practiceThe barriers revealed in this study are valuable when considering improvements to nutritional care practices on hospital wards to enable undernourished older inpatients to be identified and treated properly.
Dialysis modality decision‐making for older adults with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Harwood Lori , Clark Alexander M 
Published: March 2014

Aims and objectivesTo examine the personal and structural facilitators and barriers for home‐dialysis decision‐making for older adults with chronic kidney disease.BackgroundChronic illness is a global problem. Older adults with chronic kidney disease form a large and growing segment of the dialysis population in many high‐income countries but are less likely to uptake home‐dialysis despite its benefits.DesignThis qualitative ethnography framed in social theory took place in Canada and included adults with chronic kidney disease not on dialysis, older than 65 years of age.MethodsThirteen people (seven men and six women, aged 65–83 years of age) who received care in a team chronic kidney disease clinic took part. Persons with chronic kidney disease were interviewed and group interviews were conducted with four of their chronic kidney disease clinic healthcare professionals. Content analysis was used for data analysis.ResultsThe factors influencing older adults' chronic kidney disease modality decisions are similar to younger adults. However, older adults with chronic kidney disease are in a precarious state with persistent uncertainty. Age imposes some limitations on modality options and transplantation. Modality decisions were influenced by health status, gender, knowledge, values, beliefs, past experience, preferences, lifestyle and resources. Support from family and healthcare professionals was the largest determinant to home‐dialysis selection.ConclusionThe social and contextual factors associated with age influenced home‐dialysis decision‐making. Adequate social support, functional status and resources enabled home‐dialysis selection.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding more about the decision‐making processes for older adults with chronic kidney disease is important for quality interventions and the economic sustainability of dialysis services.
The challenges of health professionals in meeting the needs of vulnerable patients undergoing chemotherapy: a focus group study
Authors: Witham Gary , Haigh Carol , Foy Sharon 
Published: March 2014

Aims and objectivesTo explore health professionals' perceptions of the needs of patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment for cancer.BackgroundPatients with vulnerabilities face additional challenges. People with learning difficulties are often protected from even basic cancer information; patients with severe mental illness are open to structural discrimination with limited access to diagnostic and treatment services. There is also a much poorer survival rate after a cancer diagnosis for patients living with dementia.DesignA qualitative design was used.MethodsA focus group design was undertaken for this project using a narrative analytical approach revealing how narrative tales are presented and performed. Eighteen healthcare workers were recruited from a regional oncology centre in North West England. Two focus groups were conducted with nine participants in each. The data were collected from late 2011–2012.ResultsParticipants were primarily focused on getting patients through treatment. The identification of vulnerability was an ‘extra’ complication and one that in practice was difficult to define/categorise. The participants appreciated the wider inclusion of family and friends to support vulnerable patients although they felt formalised health care was not particularly facilitative of this process. There were difficulties in achieving support for complex patient needs in the presence of a target driven culture.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals need wider managerial and cultural support in meeting the needs of vulnerable patients. There appeared to be a tendency by healthcare professionals to minimise the inherent coping abilities of vulnerable patients.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is a clear need to support health professionals in providing appropriate resources in order to address the complex needs of vulnerable patients. This requires a cultural shift away from targets and an investment into greater resources for effective multidisciplinary working.
Home care nurses' experiences with using electronic messaging in their communication with general practitioners
Authors: Lyngstad Merete , Grimsmo Anders , Hofoss Dag , Hellesø Ragnhild 
Published: March 2014

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the experiences of home care nurses with electronic messaging (e‐messaging) and to determine how it influenced their communication with general practitioners.BackgroundNurses in home care services must collaborate with general practitioners to care for homebound patients. Studies have shown that communication and collaboration are often constrained because they are organised separately and are dispersed. The use of information and communication technology is expected to support communication and to be a tool for increased patient safety and higher‐quality care.DesignCross‐sectional study with group comparisonsMethodsThe data were collected with a mailed questionnaire that was answered by home care nurses (n = 425) who had implemented e‐messaging and by home care nurses in a comparison group who had not implemented e‐messaging (n = 364). The data were analysed using descriptive analyses, chi‐square test, Mann–Whitney U‐test and multilevel analysis.ResultsThe home care nurses who used e‐messages reported to a greater extent that they had communication procedures with general practitioners compared to what the home care nurses in the comparison group reported. The implementation of e‐messaging did not result in timelier communication or differences between the two groups in the use of nonelectronic communication, except for a lower use of faxes in the e‐messaging group. However, the home care nurses who used e‐messaging reported more frequent contacts with general practitioners.ConclusionThe results demonstrate that even if e‐messaging was implemented, the home care nurses and the general practitioners continued to use nonelectronic communication methods.Relevance to clinical practiceE‐messaging did not replace but rather complemented the communication methods and thereby transformed clinical communication and collaboration. This should be considered when planning and implementing new information technology in primary care.
Managing the Living through the Dead
Authors: Lee Hyang A 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article investigates how the Japanese colonial state's new governmental rationality was deployed and how these technologies of rule sought to regulate Koreans. Using the theory of colonial governmentality, it examines the 1912 burial rules that transformed Koreans' social norms on death and the dead. In order to achieve efficient state management of burial customs, the Japanese colonial government applied laws pertaining to burials, and the disciplinary technologies of policing and punishment. In so doing, the colonial government disciplined the individual Korean body and enforced conformity to colonial institutions.
A role for cancer‐associated fibroblasts in inducing the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Bin , Chen Wei‐Liang , Wang You‐Yuan , Lin Zhao‐Yu , Zhang Da‐Ming , Fan Song , Li Jin‐Song 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesLymph node metastasis is a prominent clinical feature of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and is associated with a higher mortality rate. Carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), play an important role in tumor progression, and are associated with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to examine the role of CAFs in promoting the invasion of TSCC through the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT).Materials and MethodsA series of matched CAF and normal fibroblast (NF) pairs were assessed for cell morphology and for the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF1), fibroblast‐activating protein (FAP), vimentin, and cytokeratin (CK) markers. Transwell assays, Western blot analysis, reverse transcription‐PCR, and immunofluorescence staining were used to assess the role of CAFs, as compared to that of NFs, in promoting proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in TSCC.ResultsBoth CAF and NF primary cultures expressed vimentin but not CK. CAFs showed significantly higher α‐SMA protein levels, SDF1 secretion, and mRNA levels of α‐SMA, SDF1, and FAP. We also found that co‐culture with CAFs enhanced the proliferation and invasion of SCC9 cells. Moreover, co‐culture with CAFs induced upregulation of the EMT markers fibronectin and vimentin, downregulation of E‐cadherin, and enhanced invasion in SCC9 cells.ConclusionThese results suggest that CAFs induce EMT marker expression and functional changes in TSCCs.
RECK overexpression reduces invasive ability in ameloblastoma cells
Authors: Liang Qi‐xiang , Liang Yan‐can , Xu Zhi‐ying , Chen Wei‐liang , Xie Hong‐liang , Zhang Bin 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundAmeloblastoma is a frequent odontogenic neoplasm characterized by local invasiveness and high risk of recurrence. Reversion‐inducing cysteine‐rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) is a tumor suppressor that inhibits metastasis and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of RECK overexpression on invasive potential in ameloblastoma cells.MethodsLentiviral vectors containing human RECK gene were created and subsequently stably transfected into immortalized ameloblastoma cell line hTERT+‐AM. Functional characteristics of hTERT+‐AM cells with stable RECK overexpression included proliferation, migration, invasion, and regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐2, MMP‐9 measured by zymography or commercially available assays.ResultsThe stable and higher expression of RECK mRNA and protein (P < 0.01) was detected in RECK‐transfected hTERT+‐AM cells. RECK overexpression caused a decrease in migration and invasion (P < 0.01) for hTERT+‐AM cells and a decrease in activity of MMP‐2, MMP‐9 (P < 0.01). Proliferation was not affected by RECK overexpression (P > 0.05).ConclusionsOverexpression of RECK gene significantly inhibited cell invasive ability of hTERT+‐AM cells, suggesting RECK may be a new target for ameloblastoma treatment.
A Portfolio Optimization Approach Using Combinatorics With a Genetic Algorithm for Developing a Reinsurance Model
Authors: Porth Lysa , Pai Jeffrey , Boyd Milton 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSome insurance firms challenged with a portfolio of high‐variance risks face the classic trade‐off between risk spreading and risk retaining. Using crop insurance as an example, a new solution to this problem is undertaken to uncover an improved reinsurance design. Joint self‐managed reinsurance pooling and private reinsurance are combined in a portfolio approach utilizing combinatorial optimization with a genetic algorithm (Model C), achieving high surplus, high survival probability, and low deficit at ruin. This portfolio model may also be useful for other large natural disaster and weather‐related insurance portfolios, and other portfolio applications.
Public stigma towards mental illness in the Greek culture
Authors: Tzouvara V. , Papadopoulos C. 
Published: March 2014

Accessible summary
The study aimed to examine the occurrence and type of mental illness stigma that exists in the Greek culture.
One hundred and eleven individuals who viewed themselves as belonging to the Greek culture completed a questionnaire that measured different types of stigma and their level. These people lived in either England or Greece.
Overall, the Greek people sampled in our survey were found to possess medium‐high level of authoritarian attitudes (the view that people with mental illness are inferior) and a moderate level of social restrictiveness (the view that they should be restricted and carefully controlled in society). The results also found a high ‘benevolence’ score, which indicates that they are also sympathetic to people with mental illness. Greeks educated in England (instead of Greece), who were more religious, who had less knowledge about mental illness and less personal experience of mental illness were most likely to hold stigmatizing attitudes.
The results – which support previous research – show that Greek people are sympathetic towards the mentally ill but nevertheless feel the need for them to be closely controlled in society. This means that more work is needed to help minimize negative attitudes among Greek people.
AbstractMental illness stigma negatively affects the lives of individuals with mental health disorders. Studies have indicated that the type and degree of stigma significantly varies across cultures. This study aimed to add to this body of knowledge by examining the prevalence and the type of mental illness stigma among individuals who identified themselves as Greek. It also examined the influence of a range of potential within‐culture stigma moderating factors, including levels of previous experience with mental illness and mental illness knowledge. A cross‐sectional quantitative design was employed, and 111 participants living in England and Greece were sampled through the snowball sampling technique. Stigma prevalence was measured using the ‘Community Attitudes to Mental Illness’ questionnaire. The findings revealed that participants showed a high degree of sympathy for people with mental illness but also considered them to be inferior and of a lower social class, and needing strict societal control. Higher stigma was significantly associated with being educated in England (instead of Greece), higher religiosity, lower knowledge levels and lower levels personal experience of mental illness. Targeted antistigma campaigns specifically tailored for the Greek culture are required in order to help reduce stigmatizing attitudes.