bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of the Morphological Changes of the Pubic Symphyseal Face and the Auricular Surface and Implications for Age at Death Estimation
Authors: Villa Chiara , Buckberry Jo , Cattaneo Cristina , Frohlich Bruno , Lynnerup Niels 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAge estimation methods are often based on the age‐related morphological changes of the auricular surface and the pubic bone. In this study, a mathematical approach to quantify these changes has been tested analyzing the curvature variation on 3D models from CT and laser scans. The sample consisted of the 24 Suchey–Brooks (SB) pubic bone casts, 19 auricular surfaces from the Buckberry and Chamberlain (BC) “recording kit” and 98 pelvic bones from the Terry Collection (Smithsonian Institution). Strong and moderate correlations between phases and curvature were found in SB casts (ρ 0.60–0.93) and BC “recording kit” (ρ 0.47–0.75), moderate and weak correlations in the Terry Collection bones (pubic bones: ρ 0.29–0.51, auricular surfaces: ρ 0.33–0.50) but associated with large individual variability and overlap of curvature values between adjacent decades. The new procedure, requiring no expert judgment from the operator, achieved similar correlations that can be found in the classic methods.
Next generation sequencing of Apis mellifera syriaca identifies genes for Varroa resistance and beneficial bee keeping traits
Authors: Haddad Nizar , Mahmud Batainh Ahmed , Suleiman Migdadi Osama , Saini Deepti , Krishnamurthy Venkatesh , Parameswaran Sriram , Alhamuri Zaid 
Published: January 2015

AbstractApis mellifera syriaca exhibits a high degree of tolerance to pests and pathogens including varroa mites. This native honey bee subspecies of Jordan expresses behavioral adaptations to high temperature and dry seasons typical of the region. However, persistent honey bee imports of commercial breeder lines are endangering local honey bee population. This study reports the use of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology to study the A. m. syriaca genome and to identify genetic factors possibly contributing toward mite resistance and other favorable traits. We obtained a total of 46.2 million raw reads by applying the NGS to sequence A. m. syriaca and used extensive bioinformatics approach to identify several candidate genes for Varroa mite resistance, behavioral and immune responses characteristic for these bees. As a part of characterizing the functional regulation of molecular genetic pathway, we have mapped the pathway genes potentially involved using information from Drosophila melanogaster and present possible functional changes implicated in responses to Varroa destructor mite infestation toward this. We performed in‐depth functional annotation methods to identify ∼600 candidates that are relevant, genes involved in pathways such as microbial recognition and phagocytosis, peptidoglycan recognition protein family, Gram negative binding protein family, phagocytosis receptors, serpins, Toll signaling pathway, Imd pathway, Tnf, JAK‐STAT and MAPK pathway, heamatopioesis and cellular response pathways, antiviral, RNAi pathway, stress factors, etc. were selected. Finally, we have cataloged function‐specific polymorphisms between A. mellifera and A. m. syriaca that could give better understanding of varroa mite resistance mechanisms and assist in breeding. We have identified immune related embryonic development (Cactus, Relish, dorsal, Ank2, baz), Varroa hygiene (NorpA2, Zasp, LanA, gasp, impl3) and Varroa resistance (Pug, pcmt, elk, elf3‐s10, Dscam2, Dhc64C, gro, futsch) functional variations genes between A. mellifera and A. m. syriaca that could be used to develop an effective molecular tool for bee conservation and breeding programs to improve locally adapted strains such as syriaca and utilize their advantageous traits for the benefit of apiculture industry.
Immunomagnetic detection of micrometastatic cells in bone marrow of uveal melanoma patients: a paradox
Authors: Eide Nils , Faye Ragnar S. , Høifødt Hanne K. , Sandstad Berit , Qvale Geir , Faber Rowan , Jebsen Peter , Kvalheim Gunnar , Fodstad Øystein 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeOur objective was to study survival rates with the bone marrow (BM) results in a cohort of uveal melanoma patients with long follow‐up.MethodsMononuclear cell fractions isolated from BM were examined for tumour cells using our immunomagnetic separation (IMS) method. The patients were classified as BM positive or BM negative. Clinical follow‐up, histopathological findings, vital status and cause of death were registered.ResultsThe study included 328 consecutive patients with uveal melanoma from 1997 to 2006. Tumour cells were found in BM samples in 29% (95% CI, 25–34) at enrolment (96 cases). After a minimum follow‐up time of 6 years, 156 (48%) (95% CI, 42–53) melanoma patients had died. The causes were as follows: melanoma metastases 92 (59%), another cancer 20 (13%) and non‐cancer 44 (28%). Nine patients were still living with melanoma metastases. Until the latest work‐up, 101(31%) (95% CI, 26–36) patients had developed melanoma metastases. Cyto‐ or histopathological verification of the metastatic lesions was obtained in 85 cases (84%). In the group with melanoma metastases, 28 tested BM positive at study entry (28%) (95% CI, 19–38). In total, 39 of 101 with metastases tested positive at least once after a maximum of three tests (39%) (95% CI, 29–49). The overall median survival from the first BM test was shorter for the BM negative patients (9.5 years) compared with the BM positive (14.4 years), p = 0.02, log rank test.ConclusionOcular melanoma cells detected in BM seem to have a positive prognostic impact on survival in contrast to our original hypothesis.
A pharmacokinetic comparison of anrukinzumab, an anti‐ IL‐13 monoclonal antibody, among healthy volunteers, asthma and ulcerative colitis patients
Authors: Hua Fei , Ribbing Jakob , Reinisch Walter , Cataldi Fabio , Martin Steven 
Published: January 2015

AimsAnrukinzumab is an anti‐IL13 monoclonal antibody. The goals of this study are to characterize the pharmacokinetics of anrukinzumab in healthy volunteers and different disease states and to identify covariates.MethodsA population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed in NONMEM, using data from five clinical studies including healthy volunteers, asthma and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Different dosing regimens including different routes of administration were also included in the data.ResultsThe PK of anrukinzumab were described by a two compartment model with first order absorption and elimination. The population estimates (relative standard error) of the volumes of distribution in the central (Vc) and peripheral (Vp) compartments were 3.8 (4.6%) and 2.2 l (8.7%), respectively. In non‐UC patients, the population estimate of the systemic clearance (CL) and inter‐compartmental CL was 0.00732 l h–1 (4.9%) and 0.0224 l h–1 (15.4%). For subcutaneous administration, the absorption rate constant was 0.012 h–1 (6.6%) and bioavailability was nearly 100% in healthy and mild to moderate asthma patients. Both V and CL increased with body weight. CL (but not V) decreased with increasing baseline albumin concentrations. UC patients had an increased CL of 72.3% (10.5%), after correction for differences in body weight and albumin. Moderate to severe asthma patients had decreased bioavailability compared with other populations.ConclusionsAnrukinzumab's PK behave like a typical antibody. UC patients were identified to have a faster CL of anrukinzumab than healthy volunteers and asthma patients. This finding suggests a higher dose level may be required for this population.
Haste Makes Waste: Policy Options Facing China after Reaching the Lewis Turning Point
Authors: Cai Fang 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper provides a framework for assessing the health of China's macro economy and the sustainability of economic growth by combining supply‐side and demand‐side factors and by considering their relationship at different stages of development. As the Chinese economy passed through its Lewis turning point, weakened supply‐side factors caused its growth to slow. The increasing concern regarding the economic slowdown has induced both the central and local governments to implement various stimulus plans through instruments of macroeconomic, industrial and regional policies. By examining where the imbalances of the Chinese economy really lie and investigating the determinants of the current slowdown and of the enhancement of the potential growth rate, the present paper suggests that the best path of action for the Chinese Government is not to stimulate growth through demand‐side factors but to increase the potential growth rate through reforms in certain key areas.
Risk of lens cloudiness during colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection and ability of a novel lens cleaner to maintain and restore endoscopic view
Authors: Yoshida Naohisa , Naito Yuji , Hirose Ryohei , Ogiso Kiyoshi , Siah Kewin Tien Ho , Inada Yutaka , Dohi Osamu , Kamada Kazuhiro , Katada Kazuhiro , Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Handa Osamu , Takagi Tomohisa , Konishi Hideyuki , Yagi Nobuaki , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: January 2015

Background and AimGenerally, colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) cannot be carried out with severe lens cloudiness. We examined the occurrence of lens cloudiness during ESD as well as the efficacy of a novel cleaner for it.MethodsThis study was a prospective study compared to historical control. First, we analyzed 103 ESD cases using standard cleaner at the Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine in 2012. Relationship between lens cloudiness and clinical characteristics of lesions was analyzed. Lens cloudiness was recorded as grade 0 (clear) to grade 2 (very unclear). Then, we recruited 92 consecutive patients who underwent colorectal ESD using the novel cleaner from August 2013 to July 2014. The cleaner was applied on top of the lens before procedure and ability to prevent lens cloudiness was tested. Additionally, the novel cleaner was injected from endoscopic channel into a space created by endoscopic hood and colonic wall in seven cases with grade 1 or 2 of lens cloudiness and the ability to clean lens cloudiness inside the colon was tested.ResultsRate of severe lens cloudiness was 8.7%. Multivariate analysis showed that severe lens cloudiness was related with severe submucosal fatty tissue (P < 0.001). The novel cleaner had significantly less cloudiness cases compared to the standard cleaner (14.1% vs 33.0%, P = 0.002). Additionally, the novel cleaner enabled us to clean lens cloudiness in all seven cases.ConclusionLens cloudiness during ESD was associated with submucosal fatty tissue. Effective lens cleaner should be used to prevent and clean lens cloudiness.
Surgically implanted and non‐invasive vagus nerve stimulation: a review of efficacy, safety and tolerability
Authors: Ben‐Menachem E. , Revesz D. , Simon B. J. , Silberstein S. 
Published: January 2015

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is effective in refractory epilepsy and depression and is being investigated in heart failure, headache, gastric motility disorders and asthma. The first VNS device required surgical implantation of electrodes and a stimulator. Adverse events (AEs) are generally associated with implantation or continuous on−off stimulation. Infection is the most serious implantation‐associated AE. Bradycardia and asystole have also been described during implantation, as has vocal cord paresis, which can last up to 6 months and depends on surgical skill and experience. The most frequent stimulation‐associated AEs include voice alteration, paresthesia, cough, headache, dyspnea, pharyngitis and pain, which may require a decrease in stimulation strength or intermittent or permanent device deactivation. Newer non‐invasive VNS delivery systems do not require surgery and permit patient‐administered stimulation on demand. These non‐invasive VNS systems improve the safety and tolerability of VNS, making it more accessible and facilitating further investigations across a wider range of uses.
Ecosystem processes are rarely included in tactical fisheries management
Authors: Skern‐Mauritzen Mette , Ottersen Geir , Handegard Nils Olav , Huse Geir , Dingsør Gjert E , Stenseth Nils C , Kjesbu Olav S 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFish stock productivity, and thereby sensitivity to harvesting, depends on physical (e.g. ocean climate) and biological (e.g. prey availability, competition and predation) processes in the ecosystem. The combined impacts of such ecosystem processes and fisheries have lead to stock collapses across the world. While traditional fisheries management focuses on harvest rates and stock biomass, incorporating the impacts of such ecosystem processes are one of the main pillars of the ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM). AlthoughEAFMhas been formally adopted widely since the 1990s, little is currently known to what extent ecosystem drivers of fish stock productivity are actually implemented in fisheries management. Based on worldwide review of more than 1200 marine fish stocks, we found that such ecosystem drivers were implemented in the tactical management of only 24 stocks. Most of these cases were in the North Atlantic and north‐east Pacific, where the scientific support is strong. However, the diversity of ecosystem drivers implemented, and in the approaches taken, suggests that implementation is largely a bottom‐up process driven by a few dedicated experts. Our results demonstrate that tactical fisheries management is still predominantly single‐species oriented taking little account of ecosystem processes, implicitly ignoring that fish stock production is dependent on the physical and biological conditions of the ecosystem. Thus, while the ecosystem approach is highlighted in policy, key aspects of it tend yet not to be implemented in actual fisheries management.
Assessing a conceptual model of over‐the‐counter medication misuse, adverse drug events and health‐related quality of life in an elderly population
Authors: Mhatre Shivani K , Sansgiry Sujit S 
Published: January 2015

AimThe objectives of the present study were to test Spilker's quality of life model in the elderly population consuming over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications. It was hypothesized that OTC medication misuse increases adverse drug events (ADEs), ADEs as a result of OTC medication misuse decrease health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and the impact of OTC medication misuse on patients' HRQoL is fully medicated by ADEs associated with OTC medications.MethodsData were used from a previously carried out cross‐sectional study using survey instruments with elderly patients consuming OTC medications in Houston, Texas, USA. The presence/absence of OTC misuse was assessed by an expert panel based on patient reported information on drug use characteristics; ADE was self‐reported and HRQoL was measured using the Short Form‐12v2, which contains a physical component summary score (PCS) and a mental component summary score (MCS).ResultsOf the 154 respondents, 18.2% misused OTC medications and 22.1% reported ADE as a result of OTC medications. The mean ± SD score of PCS and MCS was 40.6 ± 6.8 and 46.4 ± 7, respectively. The hypothesized framework provided a well‐fitted solution to the data (χ2 = 1.387, d.f. = 2, P = 0.49; weighted root mean square residual = 0.317). Misuse of OTC medications significantly increased ADEs associated with OTC medications (β = 0.298) and increased ADEs significantly decreased patient reported PCS (β = −0.312), but not MCS (β = −0.213). OTC medication misuse indirectly decreased PCS and MCS by mediating the effect of an increase in ADE; however, the association was not statistically significant.ConclusionsMisuse of OTC medications is highly associated with ADEs. ADEs are capable of decreasing the physical health of elderly patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 103–110.
Effects of the behavior of elderly type 2 diabetic patients and their relatives as caregivers on diabetes follow‐up parameters in Bolu, Turkey
Authors: Gucuk Sebahat 
Published: January 2015

AimIn the present study, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their relatives as caregivers during the treatment period, and the effects on treatment success were evaluated.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients aged 65 years and older and their relatives as caregivers was carried out. The questionnaire given to the participants consisted of three sections: the first section included questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics; the second section included questions on patient treatment, habits of drug use, lifestyle changes such as dietary habits; and the third section included anthropometric measurements and laboratory evaluations. The questionnaire given to the patients' relatives as caregivers consisted of questions regarding their sociodemographic characteristics and information regarding the patient.ResultsThe present study consisted of 115 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their relatives as caregivers. The average duration of diabetes was 12.14 ± 6.74 years. Body mass index was 30.2 ± 4.2 kg/m2, average hemoglobin A1c level was 7.09 ± 0.64%, and 40.1% of the patients lived with their partners only. As the frequency of physical exercise increased, hemoglobin A1c levels decreased to <7.5% (P < 0.05).The patients whose caregivers were college‐educated or equivalent had a significantly low body mass index (P < 0.05). Patients who lived with their partners showed a significant correlation with lower hemoglobin A1c levels (<7.5%; P = 0.002).ConclusionIn order to improve diabetic conditions in the elderly and to overcome obstacles to disease management, maximizing the cooperative efforts between the patients and their caregivers is necessary. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 182–190.
A systematic review on the patient perception of periodontal treatment using air polishing devices
Authors: Bühler J , Amato M , Weiger R , Walter C 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectivesAir polishing devices are used as an alternative to traditional instrumentation of the root surface. The objective of the systematic review was to analyse patient perception, that is pain and discomfort during treatment with air polishing devices in periodontal therapy.MethodsThe electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane library were screened for studies published through 18th November 2013. Patient perception served as primary outcome.ResultsOf the 1266 abstracts screened, nine studies reporting data on patient perception using a visual analogue scale or a patient interview were included in the analysis. Different air polishing powders consisting of sodium bicarbonate, glycine or erythritol were used. Reported discomfort of non‐surgical periodontal therapy was consistently equal or lower when air polishing powders consisting of glycine or erythritol were applied compared with root surface instrumentation using hand instruments or ultrasonic devices.ConclusionAir polishing with powders consisting of glycine seems to be associated with less discomfort during non‐surgical periodontal therapy, that is supra‐ and subgingival air polishing.
Impact of population aging on trends in diabetes prevalence: A meta‐regression analysis of 160,000 Japanese adults
Authors: Charvat Hadrien , Goto Atsushi , Goto Maki , Inoue Machiko , Heianza Yoriko , Arase Yasuji , Sone Hirohito , Nakagami Tomoko , Song Xin , Qiao Qing , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Tsugane Shoichiro , Noda Mitsuhiko , Inoue Manami 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo provide age‐ and sex‐specific trends, age‐standardized trends, and projections of diabetes prevalence through the year 2030 in the Japanese adult population.Materials and MethodsIn the present meta‐regression analysis, we included 161,087 adults from six studies and nine national health surveys carried out between 1988 and 2011 in Japan. We assessed the prevalence of diabetes using a recorded history of diabetes or, for the population of individuals without known diabetes, either a glycated hemoglobin level of ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or the 1999 World Health Organization criteria (i.e., a fasting plasma glucose level of ≥126 mg/dL and/or 2‐h glucose level of ≥200 mg/dL in the 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test).ResultsFor both sexes, prevalence appeared to remain unchanged over the years in all age categories except for men aged 70 years or older, in whom a significant increase in prevalence with time was observed. Age‐standardized diabetes prevalence estimates based on the Japanese population of the corresponding year showed marked increasing trends: diabetes prevalence was 6.1% among women (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.5–6.7), 9.9% (95% CI 9.2–10.6) among men, and 7.9% (95% CI 7.5–8.4) among the total population in 2010, and was expected to rise by 2030 to 6.7% (95% CI 5.2–9.2), 13.1% (95% CI 10.9–16.7) and 9.8% (95% CI 8.5–12.0), respectively. In contrast, the age‐standardized diabetes prevalence using a fixed population appeared to remain unchanged.ConclusionsThis large‐scale meta‐regression analysis shows that a substantial increase in diabetes prevalence is expected in Japan during the next few decades, mainly as a result of the aging of the adult population.
Does a Higher Incidence of Break Times in Primary Schools Result in Children Being More Physically Active?
Authors: Kobel Susanne , Kettner Sarah , Erkelenz Nanette , Kesztyüs Dorothea , Steinacker Jürgen M. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDRegular physical activity (PA) has multiple benefits to health; however, the majority of schoolchildren do not reach PA guidelines of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) daily. During the school day, break times are often the only opportunity for children to be physically active. This study investigated PA levels during school breaks in German primary school children.METHODSPA of 294 children (7.1 ± 0.7 years; 48% boys) was assessed. On the basis of timetables, individual activity times and intensities for daily breaks were determined. Children's weight status was determined on site.RESULTSBreaks lasted 30.7 (± 13.8) minutes; length varied significantly between 1 and 2 breaks (21.7 ± 4.1 versus 36.2 ± 14.8 minutes; p ≤ .01). Children spent 25.3% of their breaks in MVPA, boys being significantly more active (30.8% versus 20.4%; p ≤ .01). Time spent in MVPA differed significantly between normal weight and overweight/obese children (26.1% versus 18.4%; p ≤ .05). Children having 2 breaks engaged in significantly more MVPA than those with only 1 (7.4 ± 6.1 versus 5.6 ± 4.7 minutes; p ≤ .02).CONCLUSIONSChildren spent 25% of their break in MVPA; having 2 breaks increased time in MVPA significantly, although this is also influenced by weight status. Consequently, more activity breaks should be scheduled during school hours.
Physical Activity in Physical Education: Are Longer Lessons Better?
Authors: Smith Nicole J. , Monnat Shannon M. , Lounsbery Monica A.F. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to compare physical activity (PA) outcomes in a sample of high school (HS) physical education (PE) lessons from schools that adopted traditional versus modified block schedule formats.METHODSWe used the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time (SOFIT) to conduct observations of 168 HS PE lessons delivered by 22 PE teachers in 4 schools. T‐tests and multilevel models were used to explore variability in moderate PA and vigorous PA.RESULTSPA outcomes were significantly different between modified block and traditional schools. Students who attended traditional schools engaged in more vigorous PA in PE lessons. Modified block lessons lost more scheduled lesson time due to poor transition to and from the locker room. PA outcomes were positively associated with fitness and teacher promotion of PA and negatively associated with lost time, class size, management, and knowledge.CONCLUSIONSAlthough PE proponents widely advocate for more PE minutes, this study showed that greater time scheduled in PE does not necessarily result in more student accrual of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) minutes.