bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earth surface processes drive the richness, composition and occurrence of plant species in an arctic–alpine environment
Authors: le Roux Peter C. , Luoto Miska 
Published: March 2013

AbstractQuestionsAre earth surface processes (ESPs) important determinants of species richness, composition and fine‐scale distributions? Do differentESPs have similar effects on these vegetation characteristics?LocationSaana massif, northwest Finland (69 °N).MethodsVascular plant species occurrences, five environmental variables (related to soil conditions and topography) and fiveESPs were surveyed across 960 1‐m2quadrats in arctic–alpine tundra. Community composition was examined using non‐metric multi‐dimensional scaling (NMDS), while species richness and individual species occurrence were modelled usingGLMs,GAMs and boosted regression trees.ResultsThreeESPs (solifluction, fluvial activity and nivation) were strongly related to community composition, with only soil moisture and mesotopography exhibiting stronger correlations withNMDSscores.ESPs significantly improved the accuracy of species richness models based on soil conditions and topography, with solifluction and fluvial processes having the largest individual contributions. Solifluction and fluvial activity also increased the predictive power of species distribution models, with these processes often being as influential on occurrence patterns as some of the traditionally utilized direct and resource variables. Arctic–alpine species generally responded positively toESPs, with boreal species showing the opposite trend.ConclusionsThis study, the first to examine the impacts of several independentESPs on multiple vegetation characteristics, demonstrates thatESPs are primary drivers of species fine‐scale distributions, species richness and community composition in arctic–alpine plant communities.ESPs varied in their effect and relative influence, and thus severalESPs need to be considered when examining species‐ and community‐level properties of vegetation.
Benznidazole treatment reduces the induction of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) enzymatic activity in Chagas disease symptomatic patients
Authors: Marañón C. , Egui A. , Fernández‐Villegas A. , Carrilero B. , Thomas M. C. , Segovia M. , López M. C. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThe enzyme indoleamine 2,3‐dioxigenase (IDO) is critical for the regulation of immune responses in pro‐tolerogenic antigen‐presenting cell. To address the profile of immune responses associated with Chagas disease, we measured IDO activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 168 chronic patients and 13 healthy donors. We found that IDO activity was increased in patients with Chagas disease when compared with controls. Moreover, the IDO activity of patients with Chagas disease in the symptomatic chronic phase, involving cardiac or digestive alterations, was higher than that detected in asymptomatic patients and correlated with the severity of the symptoms. Furthermore, benznidazole treatment induced a long‐lasting decrease in IDO activity in symptomatic patients, reaching levels comparable with those of healthy donors. These results suggest that a pro‐tolerogenic state is associated with the severity of Chagas disease and that benznidazole treatment is a valuable tool for breaking the parasite‐driven immune tolerance in the symptomatic chronic phase of Chagas disease.
BK virus (BKV) plasma dynamics in patients with BKV‐associated hemorrhagic cystitis following allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Drew R.J. , Walsh A. , Ní Laoi B. , Conneally E. , Crowley B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe use of real‐time polymerase chain reaction testing in the investigation of BK virus (BKV)‐associated disease has been widely studied in renal transplant recipients; however, far less research has been done in this area with respect to the plasma BK viral load dynamics of BKV hemorrhagic cystitis (BKV‐HC) in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.AimThe aim of this study was to examine the BK viral load dynamics in plasma samples collected from patients post transplant who had laboratory‐confirmed BKV‐HC.MethodsPatients who developed BK viremia were compared with patients who did not develop viremia, and a statistical comparison of risk factors for viremia was performed. Seventeen patients were included in this study. Urine samples from the day of BKV diagnosis were available in 13 of the 17 cases. In total, 154 archived plasma samples from around the time of the BKV‐HC event were also included in the study from these 17 patients.ResultsThe median time from transplantation to the onset of detectable viremia was 68 days. The median viral load in the 13 urine samples was 1.8 × 108 copies/mL, which was significantly higher than the median viral load in the 38 positive plasma samples of 6.6 × 102 copies/mL (Mann–Whitney test, U = 16, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe lymphocyte count on the day of the positive BKV test was significantly lower in patients with BKV viremia than in patients with no viremia (P = 0.02) and also the white cell and platelet counts were lower on the day of the first positive BKV test. Although there is not inter‐patient consistency as regards correlation between urinary BK viral loads and severity of clinical BKV‐HC, in individual patients the decline in viral load in plasma did correlate with clinical recovery.
Spherical and Circular Blending of Functional
Surfaces
Authors: Pegna J. , Wilde D. J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A method is presented for designing smooth blending between structural surfaces when only local alterations of the original surfaces are allowed. A simple kinematic analogy to the blending process is to represent the blending surface as the envelope of a sphere, possibly of variable radius, moving while in contact with the original surfaces. This scheme is then generalized to blending surfaces which can be represented by sweeping a (possibly variable) arc of circle. By design, this method guarantees continuity of the unit surface normal and of the normal radius of curvature along the common boundary with the blending surface, called the linkage curve.
CTOD Testing of HAZ and Analysis of Pop-In Behavior
Authors: Koc¸ak M. , Chen L. , Terlinde G. , Gnirss G. , Schwalbe K.-H. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
HAZ CTOD tests were carried out on nonmatching bead on plate SAW weldments at room temperature. The effects of the notch position and weld metal matching on the HAZ toughness were studied by taking weld metals with three strength levels (austenitic, ferritic and martensitic weld metals). The notches were located parallel (L-type) and perpendicular (T-type) to the straight fusion line and across the beveled fusion line (cross-bond type). The results indicate the T-type CTOD specimens may be used for screening the most brittle zone of the HAZ and may to a certain extent ease the experimental difficulties of the HAZ CTOD testing. The CTOD crack initiation (pop-in) values are controlled by the microstructure of the crack tip zone and the strength of the adjacent material. The recently proposed pop-in assessment procedure was used for the evaluation of the pop-ins and results were discussed in terms of the measurements of the load drop, crack extension and the CTODjump values.
System Identification of Remotely Operated Vehicle
Dynamics
Authors: Goheen K. R. , Jefferys E. R. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Models for Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicles (ROVs) are difficult to derive because their dynamics are strongly coupled, highly nonlinear and vary according to the vehicle’s operating configuration. In addition, conventional modeling techniques require the use of expensive, specialized testing equipment. An alternative procedure using System Identification (SI) to process data gathered during simple free-running trials can generate fast, inexpensive and accurate ROV models. Three SI algorithms, Least Squares (LS), Extended Least Squares (ELS) and the Recursive Prediction Error Method (RPEM), are tested on simulated ROV data and compared for accuracy and economy. The vehicle studied in this paper, the UMEL Seapup, can be represented accurately by a linear model at the low speeds where accurate maneuvering control is most important and gain scheduling can be used to switch models at higher speeds.
Leakage Flow-Induced Vibration of an Eccentric Tube-in-Tube Slip
Joint
Authors: Mulcahy T. M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Eccentricity of a specific slip-joint design separating two cantilevered telescoping tubes did not create any self-excited lateral vibrations that had not been observed for a concentric slip joint. In fact, the eccentricity made instabilities less likely to occur, but only marginally. Most importantly, design rules previously established to avoid instabilities for the concentric slip joint remain valid for the eccentric slip joint.
On the Deformation of the Pipe Wall During Propagation of a Ductile
Crack in a High-Pressure Gas Pipeline
Authors: Abbassian F. , Calladine C. R. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Long-running ductile fractures have been observed in high-pressure gas pipelines. These fractures propagate at nearly constant speeds and are accompanied by a large amount of plastic deformation of the pipe wall. In particular, the pipe wall displacement is large, and of the order of one pipe radius. The phenomenon of ductile fracture propagation is very complex. In consequence, most of the existing theoretical investigations into ductile fracture propagation have used an energy balance method as a first approach. Various energies involved in the fracture propagation process depend strongly on the mode of pipe wall deformation and in particular on the geometry of the deformed pipe wall. The major theme of this paper is a proper consideration of the pipe wall deformation during the propagation of a constant-velocity ductile crack. Axial stretching is considered to be the prime mode of deformation of the pipe wall. It is shown that the mode of deformation can be adequately described by two parameters which define the pattern of the pipe wall mid-surface stretching. A shell theory approach is then used to obtain the deformed geometry of the pipe wall in terms of these two parameters; and physical models of the deformed pipe wall are constructed in order to study the large displacement of the pipe wall.
Stochastic Stress Analysis of Assembled Structures
Authors: Nakagiri S. , Hisada T. , Nagasaki T. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Intrinsic stress caused by uncertain members in an assembled structure is analyzed by means of the stochastic finite element method. Use is made of the second-order perturbation technique in the formulation of the stochastic finite element method, which is able to deal with uncertainties involved in the stiffness equation. The expectation and variance of the initial stresses in closed ring and portal frame are successfully estimated when the covariance matrix is given for uncertain fluctuation in the dimensions of the curved beam and quasi-straight beam members.
Nonlinear Analysis of Axisymmetric Layered Pressure Vessels—Part 1:
Theory
Authors: Blandford G. E. , Tauchert T. R. , Leigh D. C. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A finite element formulation for the nonlinear heat conduction and thermoelastic analyses of orthotropic, axisymmetric layered pressure vessels is presented. Nonlinearities include temperature-dependent material properties and stress-dependent layer interface conditions. Solution of the nonlinear heat conduction equations is iteratively obtained using a modified Newton-Raphson scheme. Direct iteration between heat conduction and stress analyses is employed when stress-dependent interface thermal resistance is considered. A modified time integration scheme to reduce oscillatory noise is introduced, and the stability and accuracy of the time integration scheme are discussed. Numerical results for various vessel designs and loadings are presented in Part 2 of the paper.
Nonlinear Analysis of Axisymmetric Layered Pressure Vessels—Part 2:
Steady-State Applications
Authors: Leigh D. C. , Tauchert T. R. , Blandford G. E. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Steady-state applications of the theory in Part 1 of the paper are made to a particular layered pressure vessel design subjected to a typical set of pressure and thermal loadings. Results are compared for several analyses: elastic analysis, linear thermoelastic analysis for a solid-wall vessel, nonlinear analysis for solid-wall, and nonlinear analysis for a layered vessel. Due to the thermal resistance between layers, the maximum circumferential stress is, for the nonlinear analysis, about 35 percent greater for the layered vessel than it is for the solid-wall vessel.
Membrane Theory for Anisotropic Laminated Shells of
Revolution
Authors: Logan D. L. , Widera G. E. O. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The present paper discusses the derivation and application of the membrane theory equations governing the small deformation of laminated, anisotropic, elastic shells of revolution. The equations are derived by use of the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle in conjunction with the asymptotic expansion technique. They are then used to analyze specific shells under loadings of practical interest.
Micromechanical Analysis of the Elastoplastic Response of Metal
Matrix Composites
Authors: Pindera M.-J. , Lin M. W. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The micromechanics model proposed by Aboudi is employed to predict the response of two types of metal matrix unidirectional composites characterized by different microstructures; namely, boron/aluminum and graphite/aluminum. The analytical predictions are compared with experimental data obtained from tension and compression tests. It is illustrated that the elastoplastic response of boron/aluminum is modelled with good accuracy by the micromechanics model. In the case of graphite/aluminum, however, the nonlinear response in compression is affected by secondary dissipative mechanisms which, in turn, result in differences in the experimental/analytical correlation for compressive loading. These differences are discussed in terms of the microstructure of the graphite/aluminum system.
Nonlinear Buckling Analysis of Pipelines Subjected to Creep of
Supporting Soil
Authors: Vinogradov A. M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The paper deals with the nonlinear buckling analysis of pipelines supported by frozen soil and subjected to differential soil movements. The adopted structural model affords a parametric examination of various loading factors generated by the overburden soil pressure, restrained thermal expansion of heated pipelines and possible load imperfections. The influence of time and temperature effects induced by the mechanical properties of supporting soil is examined. Based on the obtained analytical solution, the critical condition for the pipelines is formulated, and the post-buckling response of the pipeline-soil system is examined in detail. The results of the nonlinear analysis are compared with those derived from the linear approach yielding an assessment of the small deformation theory.
Application of Static Condensation Method to Vibration Analysis of
Thin Cylindrical Shells
Authors: Tokuda N. , Sakata Y. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A simple formula is proposed, by which the error in the natural frequencies introduced by using the static condensation method can be evaluated prior to the numerical computation, though its effective applicability is found in simple structures such as plates and shells. The effectiveness of the proposed formula is examined in the vibration analysis of thin cylindrical shells having freely supported ends by using various reduction patterns. Not only the accuracy of natural frequencies, but also that of modal displacements and the corresponding modal stresses are investigated by comparing with the results obtained without reduction and with the exact analytical solutions given by Arnold and Warburton.
Nonsymmetric Buckling of Plate-End Pressure Vessels
Authors: Teng J. G. , Rotter J. M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Small cylindrical pressure vessels are often constructed with a circular flat plate end closure. The end-plate undergoes large deformations under working loads. High local stresses develop at the junction between the cylinder and end-plate, causing yield under proof loading. The compressive circumferential stresses at the junction may lead to bifurcation into a nonsymmetric deformation mode. This study explores the geometrically nonlinear elastic-plastic behavior of plate-end pressure vessels. The form of the axisymmetric prebuckling path is investigated, showing the strongly stiffening nature of the response. Bifurcation of the closure into a nonsymmetric mode is then studied.
A Study of the Impact Dynamics of Loosely Supported Heat Exchanger
Tubes
Authors: Goyder H. G. D. , Teh C. E. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Heat exchanger tube bundles may be damaged by vibration induced from the cross flow. This damage generally occurs at the tube supports where the tube is only loosely supported. The loose support results in the tube motion being strongly nonlinear with very complicated dynamics. Some theoretical equations for the tube dynamics and wear rates are investigated by using dimensional analysis, physical modeling and numerical simulations. From the analysis of these equations, some simple formulas are developed which show the influence of excitation level and tube-to-support clearance on the tube response.
Dynamic Instability of a High-Speed Rotor Containing a Partitioned
Cavity Filled With Two Kinds of Liquids
Authors: Jinnouchi Y. , Araki Y. , Inoue J. , Kubo S. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the dynamic instability of a high-speed rotor containing a partitioned cavity filled with two kinds of liquids of different density. The system considered simulates a centrifuge of two liquids type, in which the cylindrical cavity is divided into fan-shaped compartments in order to suppress asynchronous whirling motions induced by waves in the liquids traveling around the cavity. Assuming rotor vibrations to be small, liquids inviscid, and external damping negligible, perturbed motions of the liquid-rotor system are analyzed. The theory shows that the rotor containing a partitioned cavity can still exhibit unstable behavior, similar to that observed for a rotor system equipped with centrifugal pendula, in the region where the rotor speed is nearly equal to the sum of the critical speed of the system and the natural frequency of the liquids. The theory has been verified by the experiments. The dependence of the unstable region on the main system parameters is also discussed.
Vibration of Tube Bundles in Two-Phase Cross-Flow: Part
1—Hydrodynamic Mass and Damping
Authors: Pettigrew M. J. , Taylor C. E. , Kim B. S. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Two-phase cross-flow exists in many shell-and-tube heat exchangers, such as condensers, reboilers and nuclear steam generators. An understanding of damping and of flow-induced vibration excitation mechanisms is necessary to avoid problems due to excessive tube vibration. Accordingly, we have undertaken an extensive program to study the vibration behavior of tube bundles subjected to two-phase cross-flow. In this paper we present the results of experiments on four tube bundle configurations; namely, normal triangular of pitch over diameter ratio, p/d, of 1.32 and 1.47, and parallel triangular and normal square of p/d of 1.47. The bundles were subjected to air-water mixtures to simulate realistic mass fluxes and vapor qualities corresponding to void fractions from 5 to 99 percent. Hydrodynamic mass and damping are discussed in Part 1 of this series of three papers. We found that hydrodynamic mass is roughly related to the homogeneous mixture density. The damping characteristics of all tube bundles are generally similar. Damping is maximum between 40 and 80 percent void fraction where the damping ratio reaches about 4 percent. The effect of mass flux is generally weak. Design guidelines are proposed for hydrodynamic mass and for damping.
Draft Genome Sequence of the 2-Chloro-4-Nitrophenol-Degrading Bacterium
Arthrobacter
sp. Strain SJCon
Authors: Vikram Surendra , Kumar Shailesh , Vaidya Bhumika , Pinnaka Anil Kumar , Raghava Gajendra Pal Singh 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the 4.39-Mb draft genome sequence of the 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol-degrading bacterium
Arthrobacter
sp. strain SJCon, isolated from a pesticide-contaminated site. The draft genome sequence of strain SJCon will be helpful in studying the genetic pathways involved in the degradation of several aromatic compounds.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Micrococcus luteus Strain Modasa, of Indian Origin
Authors: Ghosh A. , Chaudhary S. A. , Apurva S. R. , Tiwari T. , Gupta S. , Singh A. K. , Katudia K. H. , Patel M. P. , Chikara S. K. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

The hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium
Micrococcus luteus
strain Modasa was isolated from contaminated soil from Modasa, North Gujarat, India. Whole-genome sequencing and analysis provide an insight into the potentially important genes responsible for bioremediation.
Complete Genome Sequence of Dengue Virus Serotype 3 from Guangzhou, China
Authors: Bai Zhijun , Liu Li-Cheng , Jiang Li-Yun , Liu Qi , Cao Yi-Min , Xu Yang , Jing Qin-long , Luo Lei , Yang Zhi-Cong , Jiang Yong-Qiang , Chen Weijun , Di Biao 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
In 2009, dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV-3) was first detected in Guangzhou, China. In this study, we identified another isolated strain belonging to genotype II. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the GZ/10476/2012 strain has a close relationship with the DENV-3 genotype II from Southeast Asian strains.
Self-rated health and type 2 diabetes risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-InterAct study: a case-cohort study
Authors: Wennberg Patrik , Rolandsson Olov , van der A Daphne L , Spijkerman Annemieke M W , Kaaks Rudolf , Boeing Heiner , Feller Silke , Bergmann Manuela M , Langenberg Claudia , Sharp Stephen J , Forouhi Nita , Riboli Elio , Wareham Nicholas 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between self-rated health and risk of type 2 diabetes and whether the strength of this association is consistent across five European centres.DesignPopulation-based prospective case-cohort study.SettingEnrolment took place between 1992 and 2000 in five European centres (Bilthoven, Cambridge, Heidelberg, Potsdam and Umeå).ParticipantsSelf-rated health was assessed by a baseline questionnaire in 3399 incident type 2 diabetic case participants and a centre-stratified subcohort of 4619 individuals from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct study which was drawn from a total cohort of 340 234 participants in the EPIC.Primary outcome measurePrentice-weighted Cox regression was used to estimate centre-specific HRs and 95% CIs for incident type 2 diabetes controlling for age, sex, centre, education, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, energy intake, physical activity and hypertension. The centre-specific HRs were pooled across centres by random effects meta-analysis.ResultsLow self-rated health was associated with a higher hazard of type 2 diabetes after adjusting for age and sex (pooled HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.48 to 1.88). After additional adjustment for health-related variables including BMI, the association was attenuated but remained statistically significant (pooled HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.53). I2index for heterogeneity across centres was 13.3% (p=0.33).ConclusionsLow self-rated health was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. The association could be only partly explained by other health-related variables, of which obesity was the strongest. We found no indication of heterogeneity in the association between self-rated health and type 2 diabetes mellitus across the European centres.