bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound measurement of the transverse diameter of the fetal thymus in pregnancies complicated by the preterm prelabor rupture of membranes
Authors: Musilova Ivana , Hornychova Helena , Kostal Milan , Jacobsson Bo , Kacerovsky Marian 
Published: March 2013

PurposeTo determine whether the measurement of the transverse diameter of the fetal thymus is of value in the identification of either histologic chorioamnionitis or funisitis in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM).MethodsThe transverse diameter of the fetal thymus was measured in 216 fetuses from PPROM pregnancies. A small thymus was defined as a transverse thymic diameter below the fifth percentile according to a previously published nomogram. The placenta, the fetal membranes, and the umbilical cord were assessed for the presence of inflammation.ResultsA small thymus was identified in 69% (150/216) of fetuses. A small thymus was present in 80% (106/133) and 88% (36/41) of women with histologic chorioamnionitis or funisitis, respectively. The presence of a small thymus had a sensitivity of 79%, specificity of 47%, positive predictive value of 71%, negative predictive value of 59% for the identification of chorioamnionitis (p < 0.0001; odds ratio 3.5) and a sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 35%, positive predictive value of 24%, and negative predictive value of 92% in the identification of funisitis (p = 0.004; odds ratio 4.4).ConclusionsThe sonographic finding of a small thymus is a sensitive indicator of histologic chorioamnionitis or funisitis; low specificity excludes it as a possible clinical implication in the management of PPROM pregnancies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 41:283–289, 2013
Relationship between idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and subsequent stroke
Authors: Chang Chia‐Fan , Kuo Yen‐Ling , Chen Shih‐Pin , Wang Mao‐Che , Liao Wen‐Huei , Tu Tzong‐Yang , Shiao An‐Suey 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The correlation between idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and subsequent stroke is unclear. This study aimed to review stroke incidence after idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss among patients admitted to a tertiary referral center and aimed to compare the characteristics of patients with and without stroke.Study Design:Individual retrospective cohort study.Methods:Between January 2000 and April 2004, a total of 349 patients diagnosed with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss were admitted to Taipei Veterans General Hospital and followed up until May 31, 2009. The patients were divided into two groups: a stroke group and a nonstroke group. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for analysis after adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and prior stroke history.Results:The average follow‐up duration was 81.7 ± 15.0 months, and the average annual stroke incidence rate was 0.6%. The number of patients with older age, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and prior stroke history was significantly higher in the stroke group than in the nonstroke group. Prior stroke history was the most important risk factor for stroke after idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.Conclusions:Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss did not increase stroke risk. The average annual stroke incidence rate after idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss was comparable with that in the general Taiwanese population. The study patients experienced stroke because they carried the risk factors for stroke. In patients with modified risk factors for stroke, efforts should be made to prevent stroke rather than idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Divergent and sex‐dimorphic expression of the paralogs of the Sox9‐Amh‐Cyp19a1 regulatory cascade in developing and adult atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)
Authors: Johnsen Hanne , Tveiten Helge , Torgersen Jacob S. , Andersen Øivind 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe factors of the Sox9‐Amh‐Cyp19a1 cascade play a crucial role in the complex process of sex differentiation in mammals. The involvement of Sox9 and Cyp19a1 paralogs and the single Amh ortholog in sex differentiation and development of the gonads and the brain in Atlantic cod was examined by analyzing bimodal and sex‐dimorphic gene expression patterns, respectively, during early stages and in maturing males and females. Expression of sox9a and sox9b were initiated at blastulation, and both paralogs were expressed in chondrogenic tissue in the hatched larvae. The male‐specific expression of sox9a in the adult gonads supports a conserved role in testis function, while sox9b was expressed in the maturing testes and ovaries at similar levels. Amh was expressed at low, but variable, levels from late gastrulation prior to the onset of cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b expression. Male‐biased amh expression was found in the maturing gonads, but the increased ovarian levels during maturation suggest a role also in females. The larval expression of cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b increased at the expected time of sex differentiation, but showed large individual variation. The ovarian expression of cyp19a1a and amh increased concomitant with increased plasma estradiol levels during vitellogenesis. The testis‐specific cyp19a1b expression supports the importance of estrogen in the spermatogenesis, while abundant expression in the male and female brain is probably related to the continuous neurogenesis in fish. These divergent and sex‐dimorphic expression patterns of the cod sox9 and cyp19a1 paralogs demonstrate the complexity of the genetic network regulating sexual development in fish. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 358–370, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct coronary motion extraction from a 2D fat image navigator for prospectively gated coronary MR angiography
Authors: Kawaji Keigo , Spincemaille Pascal , Nguyen Thanh D. , Thimmappa Nandadeepa , Cooper Mitchell A. , Prince Martin R. , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2013

PurposeDirect 2D tracking of cardiac motion may provide superior respiratory navigator gating for coronary magnetic resonance angiography compared to conventional liver‐diaphragm navigators. However, additional 2D processing for motion extraction is unsuitable for real‐time prospective gating. In this work, a 2D fat‐selective image navigator, which delineates the epicardial fat surrounding coronary arteries, is developed to directly monitor epicardial fat motion at every heartbeat in real‐time for prospective gating.MethodsThe proposed navigator is incorporated into a real‐time interactive software that allows rapid setup and efficient motion extraction, and runs on standard clinical hardware without any additional dedicated components for processing. The proposed 2D cardiac fat image navigator was compared with the conventional 1D diaphragm navigator in free‐breathing b‐SSFP coronary MRAs in 12 healthy volunteers at 1.5T.ResultsReal‐time motion extraction from 2D cardiac fat navigator images was feasible within 20 ms, enabling successful prospectively gated coronary magnetic resonance angiographies in all subjects. Compared to 1D diaphragmatic navigator, 2D fat image navigator reduced scan time by 38% (P < 0.0005), and significantly improved vessel sharpness, myocardial suppression, and image quality (P < 0.05).ConclusionThis demonstrates the feasibility of a 3D SSFP coronary magnetic resonance angiography sequence using a 2D epicardial fat image as a navigator for real‐time prospective motion tracking. Magn Reson Med 71:599–607, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationship between perceptions about neighborhood environment and prevalent obesity: data from the dallas heart study
Authors: Powell‐Wiley Tiffany M. , Ayers Colby R. , de Lemos James A. , Lakoski Susan G. , Vega Gloria L. , Grundy Scott , Das Sandeep R. , Banks‐Richard Kamakki , Albert Michelle A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectives:Although psychosocial stress can result in adverse health outcomes, little is known about how perceptions of neighborhood conditions, a measure of environment‐derived stress, may impact obesity. The association between perceptions of neighborhood environment and obesity (defined as body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) among 5,907 participants in the Dallas Heart Study, a multi‐ethnic, probability‐based sample of Dallas County residents was examined.Design and Methods:Participants were asked to respond to 18 questions about perceptions of their neighborhood. Factor analysis was used to identify three factors associated with neighborhood perceptions: neighborhood violence, physical environment, and social cohesion. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between each factor (higher quintile = more unfavorable perceptions) and the odds of obesity.Results:Decreasing age, income, and education associated with unfavorable overall neighborhood perceptions and unfavorable perceptions about specific neighborhood factors (P trend <0.05 for all). Increasing BMI was associated with unfavorable perceptions about physical environment (P trend <0.05) but not violence or social cohesion. After adjustment for race, age, sex, income, education, and length of residence, physical environment perception score in the highest quintile remained associated with a 25% greater odds of obesity (OR 1.25, [95% CI 1.03‐1.50]). Predictors of obesity related to environmental perceptions included heavy traffic (OR 1.39, [1.17‐1.64]), trash/litter in neighborhood (OR 1.27, [1.01‐1.46]), lack of recreational areas (OR 1.21, [1.01‐1.46]), and lack of sidewalks (OR 1.25, [95% CI 1.04‐1.51]).Conclusions:Thus, unfavorable perceptions of environmental physical conditions are related to increased obesity. Efforts to improve the physical characteristics of neighborhoods, or the perceptions of those characteristics, may assist in the prevention of obesity in this community.
A retinoic acid receptor agonist tamibarotene suppresses iron accumulation in the liver
Authors: Yoshikawa Osamu , Ebata Yu , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Kawahara Arisa , Kojima Chihiro , Ikeda Yoshito , Hama Susumu , Kogure Kentaro , Shudo Koichi , Shiota Goshi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Hepatic iron overload (HIO) and iron‐induced oxidative stress have recently emerged as an important factor for the development and progression of insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tamibarotene, a selective retinoic acid receptor α/β agonist, on hepatic iron metabolism, based on our previous findings that retinoids suppress hepatic iron accumulation by increasing hepatic iron efflux through the regulation of hemojuvelin and ferroportin expression.Design and Methods:We quantitated the non‐heme iron content and iron metabolism‐related gene expression in the liver, and serum lipid and blood glucose levels in KK‐Ay mice after dietary administration of tamibarotene.Results:It was demonstrated that tamibarotene significantly reduced blood glucose and hepatic iron, but not serum lipids, and that hemojuvelin expression significantly decreased while ferroportin increased, as observed previously.Conclusions:These results suggest that tamibarotene is a promising alternative for the treatment of insulin resistance associated with HIO.
Racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal overweight and obesity, by Nativity, Florida, 2004‐2007
Authors: Kim Shin Y. , Sappenfield William , Sharma Andrea J. , Wilson Hoyt G. , Bish Connie L. , Salihu Hamisu M. , England Lucinda J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:We examined the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among foreign‐born and U.S.‐born mothers by race/ethnicity and BMI category.Design and Method:We used 2004‐2007 linked birth certificate and maternal hospital discharge data of live, singleton deliveries in Florida to compare GDM risk among foreign‐born and U.S.‐born mothers by race/ethnicity and BMI category. We examined maternal BMI and controlled for maternal age, parity, and height.Results:Overall, 22.4% of the women in our study were foreign born. The relative risk (RR) of GDM among women who were overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg m−2) was higher than among women with normal BMI (18.5‐24.9 kg m−2) regardless of nativity, ranging from 1.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0, 1.9) to 3.8 (95% CI = 2.1, 7.2).Foreign‐born women also had a higher GDM risk than U.S.‐born women, with RR ranging from 1.1 (95% CI = 1.1, 1.2) to 2.1 (95% CI = 1.4, 3.1). This finding was independent of BMI, age, parity, and height for all racial/ethnicity groups.Conclusions:Although we found differences in age, parity, and height by nativity, these differences did not substantially reduce the increased risk of GDM among foreign‐born mothers. Health practitioners should be aware of and have a better understanding of how race/ethnicity and nativity can affect women with a high risk of GDM. Although BMI is a major risk factor for GDM, it does not appear to be associated with race/ethnicity or nativity.
Midlife obesity and dementia: Meta‐analysis and adjusted forecast of dementia prevalence in the united states and china
Authors: Loef Martin , Walach Harald 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Obesity is a risk factor of dementia. Current forecasts of dementia prevalence fail to take the rising obesity prevalence into account.Design and Methods:Embase and Medline were searched for observational studies on the association between overweight (BMI 25‐30 kg/m2) or obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) and dementia and pooled the effect sizes by meta‐analysis. The population attributable risk (PAR) was calculated for different time points and adjusted them for confounders. Based on current prevalence rates of dementia and demographic forecasts, patient numbers were calculated and adjusted by the growth rates of PAR.Results:Compared to normal weight, midlife obesity increases the risk of dementia later in life (BMI 25‐30: RR = 1.34 [95% CI 1.08, 1.66], BMI > 30: RR = 1.91 [1.4, 2.62]). If obesity is included into forecast models, the prevalence of dementia is estimated to be 7.1 million (6.9, 7.3) and 11.3 million (10.9, 11.7) for the United States in 2030 and 2050, respectively. In China, the estimate is 13.1 million (12.8, 13.3) in 2030 and 26.2 million (25.1, 27.4) in 2050. These figures are 9% and 19% higher for the United States and China, respectively, than forecasts that rely solely on the demographic change.Conclusion:The past and ongoing increase in midlife obesity prevalence will contribute significantly to the future prevalence of dementia and public health measures to reduce midlife obesity are simultaneously primary prevention measures to reduce the risk of dementia.
Diurnal salivary cortisol is associated with body mass index and waist circumference: The multiethnic study of atherosclerosis
Authors: Champaneri Shivam , Xu Xiaoqiang , Carnethon Mercedes R. , Bertoni Alain G. , Seeman Teresa , DeSantis Amy S. , Roux Ana Diez , Shrager Sandi , Golden Sherita Hill 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Neuroendocrine abnormalities, such as activation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis, are associated with obesity; however, few large‐scale population‐based studies have examined HPA axis and markers of obesity. We examined the cross‐sectional association of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and diurnal salivary cortisol curve with obesity.Design and Methods:The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Stress Study includes 1,002 White, Hispanic, and Black men and women (mean age 65 ± 9.8 years) who collected up to 18 salivary cortisol samples over 3 days. Cortisol profiles were modeled using regression spline models that incorporated random parameters for subject‐specific effects. Cortisol curve measures included awakening cortisol, CAR (awakening to 30‐min postawakening), early decline (30 min to 2‐h postawakening), late decline (2‐h postawakening to bedtime), and the corresponding areas under the curve (AUC). Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were used to estimate adiposity.Results:For the entire cohort, both BMI and WC were negatively correlated with awakening cortisol (P < 0.05), AUC during awakening rise, and early decline and positively correlated to the early decline slope (P < 0.05) after adjustments for age, race/ethnicity, gender, diabetes status, socioeconomic status, β‐blockers, steroids, hormone replacement therapy, and smoking status. No heterogeneities of effects were observed by gender, age, and race/ethnicity.Conclusions:Higher BMI and WC are associated with neuroendocrine dysregulation, which is present in a large population sample, and only partially explained by other covariates.
Skinfolds and coronary heart disease risk factors are more strongly associated with BMI than with the body adiposity index
Authors: Freedman David S. , Ogden Cynthia L. , Goodman Alyson B. , Blanck Heidi M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:A recent, cross‐sectional analysis of adults found that the hip circumference divided by height1.5 minus 18 (the body adiposity index, BAI) was strongly correlated (r = 0.79) with percent body fat determined by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry. The BAI was proposed as a more accurate index of body fatness than BMI. We examined whether BAI was more strongly related, than was BMI and waist circumference, to skinfold thicknesses and levels of various risk factors for coronary heart disease.Design and Methods:Cross‐sectional analyses of adults (n = 14,263 for skinfold thickness; n=6291 for fasting lipid levels) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III, 1988‐1994.Results:As compared with BMI and waist circumference, we found that BAI was less strongly associated with the skinfold sum and with risk factor levels. For example, correlations with the skinfold sum were r = 0.79 (BMI) vs. r = 0.70 (BAI) among men, and r = 0.86 (BMI) vs. r = 0.79 (BAI) among women; p < 0.001 for the difference between each pair of correlations. An overall index of the 7 risk factors was also more strongly associated with BMI and waist circumference than BAI in analyses stratified by sex, race‐ethnicity and age. Multivariable analyses indicated that if BMI was known, BAI provided little additional information on risk factor levels.Conclusions:Based on the observed associations with risk factor levels and skinfold thicknesses, we conclude that BAI is unlikely to be a better index of adiposity than BMI.
Effects of BMI on the risk and frequency of AIS 3+ injuries in motor‐vehicle crashes
Authors: Rupp Jonathan D. , Flannagan Carol A.C. , Leslie Andrew J. , Hoff Carrie N. , Reed Matthew P. , Cunningham Rebecca M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective: Determine the effects of BMI on the risk of serious‐to‐fatal injury (Abbreviated Injury Scale ≥ 3 or AIS 3+) to different body regions for adults in frontal, nearside, farside, and rollover crashes.Design and Methods: Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to a probability sample of adult occupants involved in crashes generated by combining the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS‐CDS) with a pseudoweighted version of the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network database. Logistic regression models were applied to weighted data to estimate the change in the number of occupants with AIS 3+ injuries if no occupants were obese.Results: Increasing BMI increased risk of lower‐extremity injury in frontal crashes, decreased risk of lower‐extremity injury in nearside impacts, increased risk of upper‐extremity injury in frontal and nearside crashes, and increased risk of spine injury in frontal crashes. Several of these findings were affected by interactions with gender and vehicle type. If no occupants in frontal crashes were obese, 7% fewer occupants would sustain AIS 3+ upper‐extremity injuries, 8% fewer occupants would sustain AIS 3+ lower‐extremity injuries, and 28% fewer occupants would sustain AIS 3+ spine injuries.Conclusions: Results of this study have implications on the design and evaluation of vehicle safety systems.
Patterning of children's sedentary time at and away from school
Authors: Abbott Rebecca A. , Straker Leon M. , Erik Mathiassen Svend 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Sedentary behavior in children is positively associated with an increased risk of both obesity and insulin resistance. Children spend a considerable portion of their awake time in sedentary behavior; however, the pattern of accumulation is not known. Thus the objective of this study was to describe the patterning of sedentary behavior of children at and away from school.Design and Methods:The patterns of sedentary time in a sample of 53 children (28 girls) aged 10‐12 years during school‐term time were examined. Children wore an accelerometer for 1 week. Total sedentary time, prolonged sequences (bouts) of sedentary time, and frequency of active interruptions to sedentary were examined on school days and weekends and within school time and non‐school time on school days.Results:The data did not support our hypothesis that children accumulated more sedentary time on school days when compared with weekend days (mean [SD]: 64.4% [5.3] vs. 64.9% [9.0], P = 0.686). However, when comparing school time with non‐school time on school days, children accumulated more sedentary time at school (66.8% [7.3] vs. 62.4% [5.2], P < 0.001) and spent more time at school in sustained sedentary sequences, that is, uninterrupted sedentary time for 30 min or more (75.6 min [45.8] vs. 45.0 min [26.8], P < 0.002). The children also recorded less breaks per sedentary hour within school time when compared with non‐school time (8.9 h−1 vs. 10.2 h−1, P < 0.001).Conclusion:Reducing total sedentary time spent both in and out of school remains an important challenge. Interrupting sedentary time more often in the “working” (school) day could also reap important musculoskeletal and metabolic health rewards for children.
Precision of a new tool to measure visceral adipose tissue (VAT) using dual‐energy X‐Ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Authors: Rothney Megan P. , Xia Yi , Wacker Wynn K. , Martin Francois‐Pierre , Beaumont Maurice , Rezzi Serge , Giusti Vittorio , Ergun David L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:A new tool to quantify visceral adipose tissue (VAT) over the android region of a total body dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan has recently been reported. The measurement, CoreScan, is currently available on Lunar iDXA densitometers. The purpose of the study was to determine the precision of the CoreScan VAT measurement, which is critical for understanding the utility of this measure in longitudinal trials.Design and Methods:VAT precision was characterized in both an anthropomorphic imaging phantom (measured on 10 Lunar iDXA systems) and a clinical population consisting of obese women (n = 32).Results:The intrascanner precision for the VAT phantom across 9 quantities of VAT mass (0–1,800 g) ranged from 28.4 to 38.0 g. The interscanner precision ranged from 24.7 to 38.4 g. There was no statistical dependence on the quantity of VAT for either the inter‐ or intrascanner precision result (p = 0.670). Combining inter‐ and intrascanner precision yielded a total phantom precision estimate of 47.6 g for VAT mass, which corresponds to a 4.8% coefficient of variance (CV) for a 1 kg VAT mass. Our clinical population, who completed replicate total body scans with repositioning between scans, showed a precision of 56.8 g on an average VAT mass of 1110.4 g. This corresponds to a 5.1% CV. Hence, the in vivo precision result was similar to the phantom precision result.Conclusions:The study suggests that CoreScan has a relatively low precision error in both phantoms and obese women and therefore may be a useful addition to clinical trials where interventions are targeted towards changes in visceral adiposity.