bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Migration on Evangelism in Europe
Authors: Terfassa Dawit Olika 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe extensive secularization that eroded Christian belief and practice and that caused a drastic decline in church membership and the presence of an increasing number of non‐Christian migrants in Europe today is not only endangering the future of Christian faith, but reminding us that there are millions of people in Europe who need to hear the gospel. But generally, there is a continuing decline of interest in evangelism among the local churches and theological training in Europe, with the exception of free churches and some mission organizations. Theological training in Europe, at least in its present shape, has not been successful in shaping, leading and equipping the church for the task of evangelism as discipleship: a life‐transforming encounter.Therefore, we need a renewed vision of evangelism to develop contextual evangelistic approaches that takes paradigm shifts of our time into account. Migrant Christians bring a remarkable new dimension to the understanding and practice of evangelism in Europe. They come from a context where evangelism is intrinsically interrelated to discipleship making and is seen as the central identity of a church and a primary goal of theological training. This can inspire, encourage and compel European Christians to rediscover a courageous missional identity and develop effective cross‐cultural evangelism. Meanwhile, migrant Christians need the guidance of European Christians in order to use a proper and contextualized approach to win the trust of Europeans and succeed in evangelizing them. Humility is the key element that is commonly needed in this win‐win situation.Positive theological and multicultural networks along with interdependence and mutual learning–oriented relationships between migrant and local Christians can help to develop ecumenical missiologies that are relevant to diverse contexts of Europe today.The issue of the International Review of Mission focuses on the theme of Evangelism as Discipleship. This theme is held by most migrant Christians and congregations as the main interrelated aspect of evangelism. I will start by giving a brief background on the status of migration and evangelism in Europe. The main focus will be the impact of and contribution of migration on evangelism and some major aspects in which migrants may influence the search for new ways of evangelism and the development of ecumenical missiologies in Europe.
Together towards Life
Authors: Wolters Hielke 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWhich are the convincing ways of evangelism in the secular, multicultural countries of western Europe? Does the new mission affirmation Together towards Life offer relevant contributions to this debate? This article explores recent developments in western Europe. It starts by reviewing the secular nature of these countries and then explains how migration has tested the secularization thesis. The transformation of western European cultures from secular toward secular/multi‐religious reopens the debate on secularism and religion. The article also reflects on the question of what the central ideas in the new mission affirmation – the affirmation of life, the power of the Holy Spirit, mission from the margins, and authentic evangelism as discipleship – may mean in these changing secular cultures. The author concludes that discipleship, provided it is authentic, may help to move beyond the apparent contradictions between secularism and religion and may help to find new ways of bringing forth the good news.
A Reflection on the Growth and Decline of the Korean Protestant Church
Authors: Chung Byung Joon 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article examines the reasons for the growth and decline of the Korean Protestant Church during the following five periods:
In the early period of settlement (1884–1909), growth originated from the emancipation motif, modern values, the Christian's moral life, the Revival experience, Bible study, and the prayer culture. The Korean church did not polarize evangelism and social action.
During Japanese domination (1910–1945), growth came from the respect of the people toward the church. The church served the nation, consoled and healed the minds of the people, and gave brave witness of their faith in God. However, political persecution, economic devastation, socialist influences, and finally the coercion of the Shinto shrine worship to the church blocked church growth.
During the recovery time (1945–1960), the social anomie after the nation's liberation and the Korean War ironically became a seedbed for church growth. However, the church improperly made her image pro‐government and pro‐America.
During the time of industrialization and urbanization (1960–1995), Korean Protestantism achieved great growth and the highest percentage. Most of the Korean Protestant churches in cities, taking advantage of the mass rural–city migration, were actively involved in evangelism and church planting. University mission organizations and military missions were most active. Yet, they did not do well in terms of holistic evangelism. On the other hand, the National Council of Churches in Korea (NCCK), the Urban Rural Mission (URM,) the minjung churches and others carried out social mission work.
After the time of urbanization (1995–2005), church membership began to decrease. The Protestant church‐planting policy in city areas became inappropriate. In addition, the church's political conservatism fell out of favour with the young generation.
Adult eczema in Italy: prevalence and associations with environmental factors
Authors: Pesce G. , Marcon A. , Carosso A. , Antonicelli L. , Cazzoletti L. , Ferrari M. , Fois A.G. , Marchetti P. , Olivieri M. , Pirina P. , Pocetta G. , Tassinari R. , Verlato G. , Villani S. , de Marco R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundStudies on the prevalence of eczema and atopic dermatitis (AD), and on the factors associated with these diseases, have been mostly performed in children, whereas studies on adult populations are lacking.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of eczema and AD in the Italian adult population, and to investigate risk factors associated with the disease.MethodsA postal screening questionnaire was administered to 18 357 randomly selected subjects aged 20–44 years in the Gene–Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases study, which involved seven centres distributed across northern, central and southern Italy. The questionnaire included items on the occurrence of doctor‐diagnosed eczema, asthma and hay fever, socio‐demographic characteristics and environmental exposures.ResultsIn all, 10 464 (57.0%) subjects responded to the questionnaire. The prevalence of current eczema was 8.1% (95% CI: 7.6–8.7%), while the prevalence of eczema with asthma and/or hay fever (EAH), which was adopted as proxy of AD, was 3.4% (95% CI: 3.1–3.8%). About 60% of the subjects with current eczema reported the onset of the disease in adulthood. In multi‐variable models, the prevalence of eczema was significantly associated with female sex, older age, living close to industrial plants, high levels of heavy traffic near home and living in central‐southern Italy.ConclusionsEczema and EAH are highly prevalent in Italian young adults, especially in women. Our results suggest that adult onset is not unusual, and that environmental factors may influence the occurrence of eczema and EAH.
Expression patterns of AP1, FUL, FT and LEAFY orthologs in Vitaceae support the homology of tendrils and inflorescences throughout the grape family
Authors: Zhang Ning , Wen Jun , Zimmer Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe leaf‐opposed tendril, a characteristic organ in Vitaceae (grape family), is likely a morphological key innovation for the family. It has been considered as the homologous organ of the inflorescence. Expression of floral related genes has been studied extensively in the model species, grapevine (Vitis vinifera), to uncover molecular mechanisms that determine the development of a common uncommitted primordium (or an anlage) into an inflorescence or a tendril. However, to investigate the homology of tendrils and inflorescences in Vitaceae, evidence only from the highly derived grapevine is insufficient. Therefore, gene sequences of four key floral meristem genes, i.e., FUL, AP1, FT and LEAFY orthologs were obtained from transcriptome data of 14 Vitaceae species, the grapevine genome and the outgroup Leea guineensis. Additionally, expression patterns of these four genes were studied in leaves, tendrils, and inflorescences of five phylogenetically distinct Vitaceae species. Expression of the AP1 ortholog was only detected in the tendril and the inflorescence but not in the leaf for all species, indicating that the tendril is more like the inflorescence than the leaf and that the tendrils from these six species including grapevine are likely homologous. Meanwhile, expression of the LEAFY ortholog was found in the inflorescence but not in the tendril and leaf, suggesting that the LEAFY ortholog expression might play a role in determining whether an anlage develops into a tendril or an inflorescence. Based on combined evidence from the expression patterns of these four genes, the possible mechanisms on the evolution of tendrils are discussed.
Translation, Cross‐Channel Exchanges and the Novel in the Long Eighteenth Century
Authors: Dow Gillian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCross‐channel exchanges in the rise of the novel in the long 18th century have become an emerging area of scholarly interest in the last decade, informed by new work on cultural exchanges and on translation theory, and earlier work on book history and reception studies. And yet this is an area that is yet to move beyond exceptional case studies of individual translations and translators, much less to fully articulate what is at stake for the study of the 18th‐century novel, or indeed 18th‐century studies more generally. This article traces the field from the mid‐1970s to today, arguing that the study of women writers has been central to our growing recognition that the novel was shaped by pan‐European and cross‐channel exchanges and translation. It concludes by highlighting the main threat to the field: the dearth of language‐learning. Translation – in the 18th century, and now – is thus presented as a political issue.
Gendering Pseudo‐Science: Inchbald's Animal Magnetism
Authors: Leach Nathaniel 
Published: November 2014

AbstractElizabeth Inchbald's Animal Magnetism, adapted from Le Médecin Malgré tout le monde by Antoine‐Jean‐Bourlin Dumaniant, engages with a highly controversial issue of the late eighteenth century, the claims made by Anton Mesmer, among others, for the science of “animal magnetism.” A commission appointed by the King of France determined that the effects claimed to be produced by animal magnetism were merely theatrical and imaginative, qualities that were feminized in an attempt to denigrate animal magnetism as pseudo‐science. Inchbald's play follows this attack by satirizing animal magnetism through the absurd character of an old doctor who wishes to learn this pseudo‐science in order to manipulate the affections of his young ward. Inchbald's satire, however, encompasses not only the fraudulent pseudo‐science but also the official patriarchal power that the doctor also represents. Inchbald thus demonstrates the proximity between official structures of power and the supposedly fraudulent pseudo‐science, and meta‐theatrically stages the performance of animal magnetism in a way that exposes the impostures of both. Ultimately, the play valorizes the fluidity of performance demonstrated by the younger characters, and holds up for ridicule the doctor's untheatrical belief in his own “natural” power. The play thereby suggests that what is most dangerous about animal magnetism is in fact its reproduction of and not its divergence from, “legitimate” discourses of power.
The underrated importance of predation in transmission ecology of direct lifecycle parasites
Authors: Strona Giovanni 
Published: November 2014

Most parasites with complex life cycles exploit trophic webs to pass from host to host in order to develop and, eventually, reproduce. Thus predation constitutes the necessary route for transmission. Conversely, the transmission of parasites that use a single host to develop and reproduce should be, in principle, not particularly affected by host trophic ecology. Here I challenge this view, showing that predation may be relevant also for direct lifecycle parasites. I used a large dataset of fish trophic interactions to investigate if the degree of monogenean species overlap in predators and prey deviated from randomness. I demonstrated that predators and prey often share more monogenean parasite genera than explained by host habitat ecology, geographical distribution and phylogeny. This suggests that predation may play an important role in promoting monogenean host range expansion. In addition, a non‐negligible proportion of considered prey–predator pairs showed a significantly high overlap in their monogenean parasites at the species level. This may indicate a tendency of some monogenean parasites to evolve transmission strategies targeted towards host interactions. If this hypothesis is true, these monogenean parasites would be much more vulnerable to co‐extinction than previously thought.SynthesisPredation is not expected to play an important role in the ecology and evolution of simple life cycle parasites. Yet, several predator fish tend to share with their prey more monogenean parasites than one would expect predicted from their geographical distribution, habitat preference, and or phylogenetic relationships. This suggests that some monogenean parasites have evolved transmission strategies more targeted towards host interactions than towards species‐specific traits. If this hypothesis is supported, it would have strong implications on host–parasite evolutionary ecology, primarily, suggesting the existence of peculiar situations where some parasites have evolved high specialized host finding behaviors to expand their host range.
Sexual competition and N supply interactively affect the dimorphism and competiveness of opposite sexes in Populus cathayana
Authors: CHEN JUAN , DONG TINGFA , DUAN BAOLI , KORPELAINEN HELENA , NIINEMETS ÜLO , LI CHUNYANG 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSeveral important dioecious species show sexual spatial segregation (SSS) along environmental gradients that have significant ecological effect on terrestrial ecosystem. However, little attention has been paid to understanding of how males and females respond to environmental gradients and sexual competition. We compared eco‐physiological parameters of males and females of Populus cathayana under different sexual competition patterns and nitrogen (N) supply levels. We found that males and females interacting with the same or opposite sex showed significant differences in biomass partition, photosynthetic capacity, carbon (C) and N metabolism, and leaf ultrastructure, and that the sexual differences to competition were importantly driven by N supply. The intersexual competition was enhanced under high N, while the intrasexual competition among females was amplified under low N. Under high N, the intersexual competition stimulated the growth of the females and negatively affected the males. In contrast, under low N, the males exposed to intrasexual competition had the highest tolerance, whereas females exposed to intrasexual competition showed the lowest adaptation among all competition patterns. Sexual competition patterns and N supply levels significantly affected the sexual dimorphism and competitiveness, which may play an important role in spatial segregation of P. cathayana populations.
The Elderly are Different: Initiating Dialysis in Frail Geriatric Patients
Authors: Beben Tomasz , Rifkin Dena E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDecisions and discussions about the initiation of dialysis in the elderly are often challenging because of the high prevalence of comorbidities and frailty in this population. Mortality is high, functional decline is likely, and quality of life tends to be lower in the elderly on dialysis. It is thus important to counsel these patients on the risks, benefits, and burdens of dialysis to assist them in making an informed choice that is in line with their goals, preferences, and expectations. For some patients, dialysis may be a desirable choice. For others, the alternative of palliative care may provide a more favorable balance of benefits versus burdens. Elderly patients who choose to proceed with dialysis often benefit from an interdisciplinary team that helps to manage and monitor their health status, while maximizing the benefits of treatment and decreasing its potential harms. These goals can be promoted by effective communication and through individualized decisions about vascular access, medication choices, and dietary limitations. Finally, close monitoring of functional status will help to determine whether dialysis remains in a patient's best interest and when alternatives should be offered.
Soil P and cation availability and crop uptake in a forage rotation under conventional and reduced tillage
Authors: Gómez‐Rey M. X. , García‐Marco S. , González‐Prieto S. J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLong‐term conservation tillage can modify vertical distribution of nutrients in soil profiles and alter nutrient availability and yields of crops. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 14 yr of conventional (CT) and reduced tillage (RT) on soil macronutrient availability (0–5, 5–15, 15–30 cm) and uptake by Italian ryegrass and maize in a forage rotation under a temperate–humid climate (NW Spain). Soil contents of total C, plant available Ca, Mg, Na, K and P and their uptake by plants were evaluated over 2 yr. The three‐way ANOVA showed that tillage and its interactions with soil depth and sampling date have little influence on soil C and macronutrients contents (<13% of variance explained). In the topsoil layer, all studied variables (except K) increased in RT compared with CT, but they remained unchanged (C, Ca and Na) or decreased (Mg, K and P) in deeper layers. Crop yields were greater with RT than CT during the year with soil‐water‐deficit periods, while limited tillage effect was found in the other year. Whereas no differences were obtained for maize, nutrient concentration (Mg, Na, K and P) in ryegrass increased under RT. Conservation tillage improved surface soil fertility, maize yield and ryegrass nutrient content.
Ex vivo expansion of human mobilized peripheral blood stem cells using epigenetic modifiers
Authors: Saraf Santosh , Araki Hiroto , Petro Benjamin , Park Youngmin , Taioli Simona , Yoshinaga Kazumi G. , Koca Emre , Rondelli Damiano , Mahmud Nadim 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundEpigenetic modifications likely control the fate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The chromatin‐modifying agents (CMAs), 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5azaD) and trichostatin A (TSA), have previously been shown to expand HSCs from cord blood and marrow. Here we assessed whether CMA can also expand HSCs present in growth factor–mobilized human peripheral blood (MPB).Study Design and Methods5azaD and TSA were sequentially added to CD34+ MPB cells in the presence of cytokines, and the cells were cultured for 9 days.ResultsAfter culture, a 3.6 ± 0.5‐fold expansion of CD34+CD90+ cells, a 10.1 ± 0.5‐fold expansion of primitive colony‐forming unit (CFU)‐mix, and a 2.2 ± 0.5‐fold expansion of long‐term cobblestone‐area–forming cells (CAFCs) was observed in 5azaD/TSA‐expanded cells. By contrast, cells cultured in cytokines without 5azaD/TSA displayed no expansion; rather, a reduction in CD34+CD90+ cells (0.7 ± 0.1‐fold) and CAFCs (0.3 ± 0.1‐fold) from their initial numbers was observed. Global hypomethylation corresponding with increased transcript levels of several genes implicated in HSC self‐renewal, including HOXB4, GATA2, and EZH2, was observed in 5azaD/TSA‐expanded MPB cells in contrast to controls. 5azaD/TSA‐expanded MPB cells retained in vivo hematopoietic engraftment capacity.ConclusionMPB CD34+ cells from donors can be expanded using 5azaD/TSA, and these expanded cells retain in vivo hematopoietic reconstitution capacity. This strategy may prove to be potentially useful to augment HSC numbers for patients who fail to mobilize.
Utility of Computer-Assisted Approaches for Population Surveillance of Physical Activity
Authors: Creamer MeLisa , Bowles Heather R. , von Hofe Belinda , Gabriel Kelley Pettee , Kohl Harold W. , Bauman Adrian 
Published: November 2014

Background:Computer-assisted techniques may be a useful way to enhance physical activity surveillance and increase accuracy of reported behaviors.Purpose:Evaluate the reliability and validity of a physical activity (PA) self-report instrument administered by telephone and internet.Methods:The telephone-administered Active Australia Survey was adapted into 2 forms for internet self-administration: survey questions only (internet-text) and with videos demonstrating intensity (internet-video). Data were collected from 158 adults (20–69 years, 61% female) assigned to telephone (telephone-interview) (n = 56), internet-text (n = 51), or internet-video (n = 51). Participants wore an accelerometer and completed a logbook for 7 days. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Convergent validity was assessed using Spearman correlations.Results:Strong test-retest reliability was observed for PA variables in the internet-text (ICC = 0.69 to 0.88), internet-video (ICC = 0.66 to 0.79), and telephone-interview (ICC = 0.69 to 0.92) groups (P-values < 0.001). For total PA, correlations (ρ) between the survey and Actigraph+logbook were ρ = 0.47 for the internet-text group, ρ = 0.57 for the internet-video group, and ρ = 0.65 for the telephone-interview group. For vigorous-intensity activity, the correlations between the survey and Actigraph+logbook were 0.52 for internet-text, 0.57 for internet-video, and 0.65 for telephone-interview (P < .05).Conclusions:Internet-video of the survey had similar test-retest reliability and convergent validity when compared with the telephone-interview, and should continue to be developed.
Sector Activities and Lessons Learned Around Initial Implementation of the United States National Physical Activity Plan
Authors: Evenson Kelly R. , Satinsky Sara B. 
Published: November 2014

Background:National plans are increasingly common but infrequently evaluated. The 2010 United States National Physical Activity Plan (NPAP) provided strategies to increase population levels of physical activity. This paper describes (i) the initial accomplishments of the NPAP sector teams, and (ii) results from a process evaluation to determine how the sectors operated, their cross-sector collaboration, challenges encountered, and positive experiences.Methods:During 2011, a quarterly reporting system was developed to capture sector-level activities. A year-end interview derived more detailed information. Interviews with 12 sector leads were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for common themes.Results:The 6 sectors worked on goals from the implementation plan that focused broadly on education, promotion, intervention, policy, collaboration, and evaluation. Through year-end interviews, themes were generated around operations, goal setting, and cross-sector collaboration. Challenges to the NPAP work included lack of funding and time, the need for marketing and promotion, and organizational support. Positive experiences included collaboration, efficiency of work, enhanced community dynamic, and accomplishments toward NPAP goals.Conclusions:These initial results on the NPAP sector teams can be used as a baseline assessment for future monitoring. The lessons learned may be useful to other practitioners developing evaluations around state- or national-level plans.