bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential Self-Adjointness of Even-Order, Strongly Singular, Homogeneous Half-Line Differential Operators
Authors: Gesztesy Fritz , Hunziker Markus , Teschl Gerald 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We consider essential self-adjointness on the space

$$C_0^{\infty }((0,\infty ))$$

C
0
∞

(

(
0
,
∞
)

)

of even-order, strongly singular, homogeneous differential operators associated with differential expressions of the type

$$\begin{aligned} \tau _{2n}(c) = (-1)^n \frac{d^{2n}}{d x^{2n}} + \frac{c}{x^{2n}}, \quad x > 0, \; n \in {{\mathbb {N}}}, \; c \in {{\mathbb {R}}}, \end{aligned}$$

τ

2
n

(
c
)

=

(
-
1
)

n

d

2
n

d

x

2
n

+

c

x

2
n

,

x
>
0
,

n
∈
N
,

c
∈
R
,

in

$$L^2((0,\infty );dx)$$

L
2

(

(
0
,
∞
)

;
d
x
)

. While the special case

$$n=1$$

n
=
1

is classical and it is well known that

$$\tau _2(c)\big |_{C_0^{\infty }((0,\infty ))}$$

τ
2

(
c
)

|

C
0
∞

(

(
0
,
∞
)

)

is essentially self-adjoint if and only if

$$c \ge 3/4$$

c
≥
3
/
4

, the case

$$n \in {{\mathbb {N}}}$$

n
∈
N

,

$$n \ge 2$$

n
≥
2

, is far from obvious. In particular, it is not at all clear from the outset that

$$\begin{aligned} \begin{aligned}&\textit{there exists }c_n \in {{\mathbb {R}}}, n \in {{\mathbb {N}}}\textit{, such that} \\&\quad \tau _{2n}(c)\big |_{C_0^{\infty }((0,\infty ))} \, \textit{ is essentially self-adjoint}\quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad (*)\\ {}&\quad \textit{ if and only if } c \ge c_n. \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$

there exists

c
n

∈
R
,
n
∈
N
,

such that

τ

2
n

(
c
)

|

C
0
∞

(

(
0
,
∞
)

)

is essentially

self
-
adjoint

(

∗
)

if and

only if

c
≥

c
n

.

As one of the principal results of this paper we indeed establish the existence of

$$c_n$$

c
n

, satisfying

$$c_n \ge (4n-1)!!\big /2^{2n}$$

c
n

≥

(
4
n
-
1
)

!
!

/

2

2
n

, such that property (*) holds. In sharp contrast to the analogous lower semiboundedness question,

$$\begin{aligned} \textit{for which values of }c\textit{ is }\tau _{2n}(c)\big |_{C_0^{\infty }((0,\infty ))}{} \textit{ bounded from below?}, \end{aligned}$$

for which

values of

c

is

τ

2
n

(
c
)

|

C
0
∞

(

(
0
,
∞
)

)

bounded from

below
?
,

which permits the sharp (and explicit) answer

$$c \ge [(2n -1)!!]^{2}\big /2^{2n}$$

c
≥

[

(
2
n
-
1
)

!
!
]

2

/

2

2
n

,

$$n \in {{\mathbb {N}}}$$

n
∈
N

, the answer for (*) is surprisingly complex and involves various aspects of the geometry and analytical theory of polynomials. For completeness we record explicitly,

$$\begin{aligned} c_{1}&= 3/4, \quad c_{2 }= 45, \quad c_{3 } = 2240 \big (214+7 \sqrt{1009}\,\big )\big /27, \end{aligned}$$

c
1

=
3
/
4
,

c
2

=
45
,

c
3

=
2240

(

214
+
7

1009

)

/

27
,

and remark that

$$c_n$$

c
n

is the root of a polynomial of degree

$$n-1$$

n
-
1

. We demonstrate that for

$$n=6,7$$

n
=
6
,
7

,

$$c_n$$

c
n

are algebraic numbers not expressible as radicals over

$${{\mathbb {Q}}}$$

Q

(and conjecture this is in fact true for general

$$n \ge 6$$

n
≥
6

).
Computed tomography as distortion mitigation method for selective laser sintering mass production
Authors: Marczis Attila , Odrobina Miklós , Drégelyi-Kiss Ágota 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMost additive manufacturing (AM) technologies use heat to fuse materials together to create the manufactured part. The heat used in the AM process distorts the parts. Powder bed–based 3D printers can print multiple parts in their build chamber. The distortion is not uniform across the different locations of the build volume. Parts printed in different locations will have different thermal histories and therefore different distortions. In some cases, the achievable accuracy of the parts is insufficient due to the distortion. Subtractive processes such as milling, turning, and grinding make it difficult or impossible to improve part accuracy. For AM to produce more accurate parts, a distortion reduction method must be implemented. To take advantage of the ability to print multiple parts in a powder-based polymer 3D printing process in one build unit, a distortion mitigation technique must be applied to all the parts being printed simultaneously in the build chamber. The performance of the distortion mitigation method can be evaluated by measuring the dimensional accuracy of the uncompensated and compensated parts. Uncompensated 3D printing uses the nominal 3D model, which is the normal use of the 3D printers. Compensated 3D printing uses a distorted 3D model that is used for the printing. The 3D model is compensated with the reversed distortion data obtained from uncompensated manufacturing. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is the chosen measurement method to extract the point cloud for the dimensional measurements. Unlike optical 3D scanners and coordinate measuring machines (CMM), the XCT is able to measure undercut and internal surfaces. The nominal difference % is improved by 18% by using compensation for the 3D models in the case of distances between two parallel planes. The standard deviation of the measured values was also improved. The distortion reduction method studied can significantly reduce the calibration errors of the 3D printer build chamber. When the tolerances of the parts are close to the limit of the 3D printer, this method can reduce the number of rejected parts. The XCT measurement of the parts is costly, so this method can be cost effective for high value parts or large production volumes.
A Classification of G-Charge Thouless Pumps in 1D Invertible States
Authors: Bachmann Sven , De Roeck Wojciech , Fraas Martin , Jappens Tijl 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecently, a theory has been proposed that classifies cyclic processes of symmetry protected topological (SPT) quantum states. For the case of spin chains, i.e. one-dimensional bosonic SPT’s, this theory implies that cyclic processes are classified by zero-dimensional SPT’s. This is often described as a generalization of Thouless pumps, with the original Thouless pump corresponding to the case where the symmetry group is U(1) and pumps are classified by an integer that corresponds to the charge pumped per cycle. In this paper, we review this one-dimensional theory in an explicit and rigorous setting and we provide a proof for the completeness of the proposed classification for compact symmetry groups G.
Thermal conductivities and complex network properties of fractal self-assembled/self-organized texture in binary composite materials
Authors: Munakata Fumio , Ogiya Taito , Sato Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo investigate the relationship between histological properties and thermal conductivities of binary self-assembled/self-organized fractal materials fabricated by the mixed diffusion of filler particles, the particle group distribution of the filler particles was analyzed. Unlike conventional research on particle size distribution, we performed an analysis that focuses on interactions and connectivity between particles from the perspective of the Barabasi-Albert model. In three complex network systems of β-Si3N4 (SN)/austenitic stainless steel (SUS), SN/piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and BaTiO3 (BT)/PVDF, the size distribution of secondary particles was a power-law distribution until the particle group grew relatively large. In the SN/SUS and SN/PVDF systems, a crossover phenomenon was observed in which the order distribution exhibited a power-law in the region where the particle group area was small, and as the particle group became larger, the order distribution became exponential distribution. On the other hand, the BT/PVDF system deviated from the power law distribution as the particle group area increased but did not exhibit an exponential distribution. The characteristics of the particle group distribution of these filler particles were closely related to thermal conductivity, indicating that the connection of particle groups was important. Furthermore, the relationship between the multifractal capacitance dimension, which is strongly correlated with the distance between the particle groups, and the total number of filler particle groups suggests that the texture of these composite material systems may have both small-world and scale-free properties. We also focused on the relationship between the multifractal and complex network properties of the three particle groups. As a result, a correlation was found between the slope γ, which reflects the characteristics of the power distribution, and the thermodynamic parameter α (corresponding to internal energy change) obtained from multifractals. In particular, the smaller the change in γ relative to the change in α, the more pronounced the bonding of particles and particle groups, while the larger change in γ suggested the dispersion of particle groups.
NET burden in left atrial blood is associated with biomarkers of thrombosis and cardiac injury in patients with enlarged left atria
Authors: Martinod Kimberly , Claessen Annika , Martens Caroline , Krauel Krystin , Velásquez Pereira Leydi Carolina , Witsch Jens , Witsch Thilo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Emerging data suggest an association between left atrial (LA) enlargement, thrombus formation, and ischemic stroke. However, it is unknown what may mediate such clot formation in LA dysfunction. Neutrophils promote large vessel occlusion and microthrombosis via neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release, thus lying at the interface of inflammation, thrombosis, and fibrosis.

Approach
We conducted a prospective all-comers cohort study in patients undergoing catheterization procedures with atrial transseptal access (MitraClip, MC; left atrial appendage closure, LAAC; pulmonary vein ablation, PVA; patent foramen ovale closure, PFO). We measured NETs, cytokines, thrombotic factors, and cardiac injury markers in paired blood samples collected from peripheral blood and within the left atrium. We correlated these biomarkers with echocardiographic measures of LA structure and function (including left atrial volume index, LAVI). Data were analyzed by procedure type, and stratified by LAVI or atrial fibrillation (AF) status.

Results
We enrolled 70 patients (mean age 64 years, 53% women). NETs, but not other markers, were elevated in LA compared to peripheral blood samples. Most thrombotic, inflammatory, and cardiac damage markers were elevated in LAs from MC or LAAC compared to PFO patients. Overall, NET biomarkers positively correlated with VWF, LAVI, and markers of cardiac injury and negatively with ADAMTS13 activity. LA enlargement and the presence of AF similarly stratified patients based on thromboinflammation measurements, but this was not limited to AF at the time of sample collection.

Conclusion
Elevated NETs and VWF in patients with enlarged LA or AF suggest enhanced thromboinflammation within the LA.
Evaluation of machine learning-based classification of clinical impairment and prediction of clinical worsening in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Noteboom Samantha , Seiler Moritz , Chien Claudia , Rane Roshan P. , Barkhof Frederik , Strijbis Eva M. M. , Paul Friedemann , Schoonheim Menno M. , Ritter Kerstin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Robust predictive models of clinical impairment and worsening in multiple sclerosis (MS) are needed to identify patients at risk and optimize treatment strategies.

Objective
To evaluate whether machine learning (ML) methods can classify clinical impairment and predict worsening in people with MS (pwMS) and, if so, which combination of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and ML algorithm is optimal.

Methods
We used baseline clinical and structural MRI data from two MS cohorts (Berlin: n = 125, Amsterdam: n = 330) to evaluate the capability of five ML models in classifying clinical impairment at baseline and predicting future clinical worsening over a follow-up of 2 and 5 years. Clinical worsening was defined by increases in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Timed 25-Foot Walk Test (T25FW), 9-Hole Peg Test (9HPT), or Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Different combinations of clinical and volumetric MRI measures were systematically assessed in predicting clinical outcomes. ML models were evaluated using Monte Carlo cross-validation, area under the curve (AUC), and permutation testing to assess significance.

Results
The ML models significantly determined clinical impairment at baseline for the Amsterdam cohort, but did not reach significance for predicting clinical worsening over a follow-up of 2 and 5 years. High disability (EDSS ≥ 4) was best determined by a support vector machine (SVM) classifier using clinical and global MRI volumes (AUC = 0.83 ± 0.07, p = 0.015). Impaired cognition (SDMT Z-score ≤ −1.5) was best determined by a SVM using regional MRI volumes (thalamus, ventricles, lesions, and hippocampus), reaching an AUC of 0.73 ± 0.04 (p = 0.008).

Conclusion
ML models could aid in classifying pwMS with clinical impairment and identify relevant biomarkers, but prediction of clinical worsening is an unmet need.
Understanding the associations between receipt of, and interest in, advice from a healthcare professional and quality of life in individuals with a stoma from colorectal cancer: a latent profile analysis
Authors: Goodman William , Downing Amy , Allsop Matthew , Munro Julie , Hubbard Gill , Beeken Rebecca J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To explore whether profiles derived from self-reported quality of life were associated with receipt of, and interest in, advice from a healthcare professional in people with a stoma.

Methods
Secondary analysis of cross-sectional national survey data from England of 4487 people with a stoma from colorectal cancer. The survey assessed quality of life using various scales, receipt and interest in various forms of advice, and physical activity. A three-step latent profile analysis was conducted to determine the optimum number of profiles. Multinomial regression explored factors associated with profile membership. A series of logistic regression models examined whether profile membership was associated with interest in advice.

Results
Five profiles were identified; ‘consistently good quality of life’, ‘functional issues’, ‘functional and financial issues’, ‘low quality of life’ and ‘supported but struggling’. Individuals in the ‘functional and financial issues’ and ‘low quality of life’ profiles were more likely to have received financial advice compared to the ‘consistently good quality of life’ profile. When compared to the ‘consistently good quality of life’ profile, all other profiles were more likely to report wanting advice across a range of areas, with the strongest associations in the ‘low quality of life’ profile.

Conclusion
Findings indicate that people with a stoma are not a homogenous group in terms of quality of life. Participants in profiles with quality of life concerns report wanting more advice across various categories but findings suggest there is scope to explore how this can be tailored or adapted to specific groups.
Health professionals’ perceptions of prehabilitation before haematopoietic cell transplantation to optimise candidacy in older adults
Authors: Guinan E. , Heuston C. , Sheill G. , Chonghaile M. Ní , Orfali N. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Haematologic malignancies for the most part are diseases of the elderly. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only potentially curative strategy for many patients but carries substantial morbidity and mortality risks, particularly in frail or co-morbid patients. Pre-transplant optimisation of key targets through prehabilitation may have significant clinical impact.

Methods
We utilised qualitative methodology (semi-structured interviews) to gain insights and understanding of the perceptions of medical, nursing and allied health professionals towards prehabilitation before haematopoietic cell transplantation to optimise candidacy in older adults. Thematic analysis was performed using a qualitative descriptive approach completed in duplicate by two researchers.

Results
Between August and October 2023, eleven health professionals participated from four large cancer centres across the island of Ireland (n = 3 consultant haematologists, n = 7 specialist haematology nurses and n = 1 senior haematology physiotherapist). Four major themes were identified. The themes comprehensive biopsychosocial care and increasing demand for transplant in older patients highlight the unique challenges impacting older adults who receive HSCT. The multimodality pathways of care theme highlights the heterogeneity of treatment pathways across different clinical sites and disease types. This has implications for the prehabilitation: logistics and benefits theme, which indicated strong support for prehabilitation but emphasised that implementation must consider national reach and context.

Conclusions
There is broad national multidisciplinary interest in the development of prehabilitation programmes for patients being considered for transplant. Our results will inform the development of services in this area in consideration of national reach, malignancy-specific pathways and the unique factors associated with older age.
Total hip arthroplasty for fractured neck of femur does not restore preoperative hip-specific function, health-related quality of life, or level of fitness
Authors: Ho Lucas , Ford Benjamin , Gaston Paul , Clement Nick D. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The primary aim was to assess whether a total hip arthroplasty (THA) was able to restore health-related quality of life (HRQoL) following an intracapsular hip fracture. The secondary aims were to assess changes in hip-specific function, fitness/frailty, mortality risk, complications and revision risk, and factors independently associated with these.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included all patients aged ≥ 50 years admitted with a hip fracture from the emergency department at a single centre during a 42-month period. Patient demographics, perioperative variables, complications, revision, and mortality were collected. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were assessed at final follow-up.

Results
Among 250 identified patients, 189 (75.6%) were women with a mean age of 70.3 (range 50–94 years). Mean follow-up was 2.3 (SD 1.1) years. The implant and patient survival rates at 2 years were both 95.5% (95% confidence intervals (CI) +/− 2.7). Older age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.22, 95% CI 1.12–1.33, p < 0.001) and male sex (HR 3.33, 95% CI 1.15–10.0, p = 0.026) were independently associated with mortality. There were 19 (7.6%) postoperative complications that included 6 (2.4%) periprosthetic fractures, 5 (2.0%) deep infections, and 8 (3.2%) dislocations, of which 13 underwent revision. Increasing time to theatre (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.03, p = 0.017) was independently associated with a postoperative complication. Postoperative PROMs were available for 166 (66.4%) patients. There were significant (p < 0.001) deteriorations in EuroQol-5D (Mean difference [MD] 0.192, 95% CI 0.133–0.252), Oxford hip score (MD 2.5, 95% CI 1.5–3.6), and fitness (Rockwood score MD 0.7, 95% CI 0.5–0.8) relative to preoperative levels of function.

Conclusion
THA may be the treatment of choice in a physically active patient with the aim of restoring their HRQoL, hip function, and fitness, but this was not observed. Furthermore, there was a high complication rate which was associated with increasing time to theatre.

Level of evidence
III, retrospective cohort study.
Cost analysis of open versus robot-assisted ventral hernia repair – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Henriksen Nadia A. , Marckmann Mads , Christoffersen Mette Willaume , Jensen Kristian K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Robot-assisted ventral hernia repair is associated with decreased length of stay and lower complication rates compared with open repair, but acquisition and maintenance of the robotic system is costly. The aim of this was study was to compare the procedure-specific cost of robot-assisted and open ventral and incisional hernia repair including cost of procedure-related readmissions and reoperations within 90 days postoperatively.

Methods
Single-center retrospective cohort study of 100 patients undergoing robot-assisted ventral hernia. Patients were propensity-score matched 1:1 with 100 patients undergoing open repairs on age, type of hernia (primary/incisional), and horizontal defect size. The primary outcome of the study was the total cost per procedure in Euros including the cost of a robotic approach, extra ports, mesh, tackers, length of stay, length of readmission, and operative reintervention. The cost of the robot itself was not included in the cost calculation.

Results
The mean length of stay was 0.3 days for patients undergoing robot-assisted ventral hernia repair, which was significantly shorter compared with 2.1 days for patients undergoing open repair, P < 0.005. The readmission rate was 4% for patients undergoing robot-assisted ventral hernia repairs and was significantly lower compared with open repairs (17%), P = 0.006. The mean total cost of all robot-assisted ventral and incisional hernia repairs was 1,094 euro compared with 1,483 euro for open repairs, P = 0.123. The total cost of a robot-assisted incisional hernia repair was significantly lower (1,134 euros) compared with open ventral hernia repair (2,169 euros), P = 0.005.

Conclusions
In a Danish cohort of patients with incisional hernia, robot-assisted incisional hernia repair was more cost-effective than an open repair due to shortened length of stay, and lower rates of readmission and reintervention within 90 days.
Marginality in the berry fields: hierarchical ordering of food and agrarian systems in Norway
Authors: Juskaite Greta 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Although being essential to sustaining food production, migrant workers continuously find themselves at the bottom of the social and power hierarchy in food and agrarian systems around the world. Effects and origins of hierarchical ordering in food and agrarian systems increasingly gather public, political, and academic attention, however, how it matters for these systems remains little understood. As such, this paper aims to understand how hierarchical ordering shapes migrant worker marginality and links it to the contemporary formations of food and agrarian systems. To do so, this paper explores engaged and embodied dimensions of disadvantaged migrant worker realities. This is done by drawing on research conducted in Norway, mainly consisting of interviews with migrant agri-food worker and farmers, as well as ethnographic data from Norwegian berry farms and supporting document analysis. The analysis reveals a complex picture of the power and reach of hierarchical ordering as it directly and indirectly impacts migrant workers in the Norwegian berry fields, as well as ideas around narrow divisions in food and agrarian systems and society more broadly that are implicated in naturalizing and internalizing such ordering. Following these insights, the paper proposes a theorization of food and agrarian systems as hierarchical projects– structures that find their foundations in patterned ordering that arranges and regularizes power hierarchies on the count of differences.