bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology of the facial motor nuclei in a rat model of autism during early development
Authors: Oyabu Akiko , Tashiro Yasura , Oyama Takahiro , Ujihara Kensaku , Ohkawara Takeshi , Ida‐Eto Michiru , Narita Masaaki 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe development of facial nuclei in animal models of disease is poorly understood, but autism is sometimes associated with facial palsy. In the present study, to investigate migration of facial neurons and initial facial nucleus formation in an animal model of autism, rat embryos were treated with valproic acid (VPA) in utero at embryonic day (E) 9.5 and their facial nuclei were analyzed by in situ hybridization at E13.5, E14.5 and E15.5. Signals for Tbx20, which is expressed in early motor neurons, appeared near the floor plate at the level of the vestibular ganglion and extended caudolaterally, where they became ovoid in shape. This pattern of development was similar between control and VPA‐exposed embryos. However, measurements of the migratory pathway and the size of the facial nuclei revealed that exposure to VPA hindered the caudal migration of neurons to the facial nuclei. Signals for cadherin 8, which is expressed in mature facial nuclei, revealed that exposure to VPA caused a significant reduction in the size of the facial nuclei. Our findings provide the first quantitative description of tangential migration and nucleus formation in the developing hindbrain in a rat model of autism.
Updated WHO guidance on safe abortion: Health and human rights
Authors: Erdman Joanna N. , DePiñeres Teresa , Kismödi Eszter 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSince its first publication in 2003, the World Health Organization's “Safe abortion: technical and policy guidance for health systems” has had an influence on abortion policy, law, and practice worldwide. To reflect significant developments in the clinical, service delivery, and human rights aspects of abortion care, the Guidance was updated in 2012. This article reviews select recommendations of the updated Guidance, highlighting 3 key themes that run throughout its chapters: evidence‐based practice and assessment, human rights standards, and a pragmatic orientation to safe and accessible abortion care. These themes not only connect the chapters into a coherent whole. They reflect the research and advocacy efforts of a growing field in women's health and human rights.
Putting the Alzheimer's cognitive test to the test I: Traditional psychometric methods
Authors: Hobart Jeremy , Cano Stefan , Posner Holly , Selnes Ola , Stern Yaakov , Thomas Ronald , Zajicek John ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2012

BackgroundThe Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale—Cognitive Behavior section (ADAS‐Cog) is the most commonly used cognitive test in AD clinical trials. However, there are concerns about its use in early‐stage disease. Herein we examine those concerns using traditional psychometric methods.MethodsWe analyzed ADAS‐Cog data (n = 675) based on six psychometric properties: data completeness; scaling assumptions; targeting; reliability; validity; and responsiveness.ResultsAt the scale‐level, criteria tested for data completeness, scaling assumptions (item total correlations 0.33–0.59), targeting (no floor/ceiling effects), reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.74), and validity (correlation with MMSE = −0.70) were satisfied. Responsiveness (baseline to 12 months; n = 145) was moderate to high (effect size = −0.73). However, 8 of 11 ADAS‐Cog components had substantial ceiling effects (range 32%–83%), and decreased responsiveness associated with low to moderate effect sizes (0.14–0.65).ConclusionIn our study, many patients with AD found large portions of the ADAS‐Cog too easy. Future research should consider modifying the ADAS‐Cog or developing a new test.
Long-chain fatty acids differentially alter lipogenesis in bovine and caprine mammary slices
Authors: Bernard Laurence , Montazer Torbati Mohamad B. , Graulet Benoit , Leroux Christine , Chilliard Yves 
Published: December 2012

Indirect comparisons from studies in vivo have suggested that caprine mammary tissue is less sensitive than bovine mammary tissue to the anti-lipogenic effect of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), including specific rumen biohydrogenation (RBH) intermediates of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Our objective was to investigate the effects on lipogenesis of 18-carbon LCFA differing in the degree of unsaturation and/or double bond conformation using cultured slices of bovine and caprine mammary tissues. Mammary tissues were collected from five multiparous Holstein × Normande cows and six multiparous Alpine goats in mid lactation. The expression of genes involved in milk component synthesis was measured in tissues collected at slaughter and after slice preparation:FASN, SCD1, CD36, SREBF1andPPARG1mRNA levels were higher in bovine than caprine samples, whereas the opposite was observed forCSN2mRNA levels. Bovine and caprine mammary slices were incubated for 20 h in a medium with BSA (control), cis-9-18 : 1, 18 : 2n-6, 18 : 3n-3, cis-9, trans-11-CLA, or trans-10, cis-12-CLA (the latter at 3 increasing concentrations: C1 (0·11 mm), C2 (0·16 mm), C3 (0·37 mm)). Lipogenesis was estimated by measuring the incorporation of14C-acetate into total lipid. Significant differences of individual LCFA (P < 0·05) were observed between species: bovine tissue showed a decrease in total lipogenesis with 18 : 2n-6, 18 : 3n-3, trans-10,cis-12-CLA (C2 and C3) while caprine tissue showed an increase after treatment with 18 : 3n-3, cis-9, trans-11-CLA or trans-10, cis-12-CLA (C3). These results were not related to the mRNA abundance of our set of genes in the mammary slices after incubation. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that caprine mammary slices reacted differently from bovine mammary slices to the anti-lipogenic activity of specific LCFA and suggests that regulation of lipogenesis via other genes and/or at protein level and enzyme activity may be involved.
Personal names in the composition and transmission of Bede's prose Vita S. Cuthberti
Authors: Tinti Francesca 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWhile writing his prose Vita S. Cuthberti, Bede appears to have made deliberate choices as to which personal names to spell out. Some of those which he omitted, however, can be found in the marginal annotations of three later manuscripts of the work. A number of these names are also mentioned in the earlier Lindisfarne Vita, but some others have only been preserved through those marginalia. The article examines the monastic milieu within which efforts were made throughout several centuries to remember and transmit the names of the people who had witnessed Cuthbert's sanctity without interfering with Bede's text.
Creating the cloud-tent-ship conceit in Exodus
Authors: Wilcox Miranda 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe enigmatic description of the columna nubis in lines 71b–92 of the Old English Exodus juxtaposes images of substances that shield God's people from their hostile environment; understanding the relations among these protective coverings requires cultural and literary knowledge not explicitly articulated in Exodus. Metaphors and typologies developed in Arator's sixth-century Historia apostolica and subsequently conventionalized in Bede's eighth-century Expositio actuum Apostolorum, texts used in the Anglo-Saxon monastic curriculum, provide an interpretative framework for the complicated accretion of images in Exodus. Using insights about metaphorical processing from cognitive science, this article argues that the Exodus-poet crafted a sophisticated tripartite conceit to generate a pastoral relationship with his audience, first by adapting metaphoric mappings from Arator and Bede and then by extending their domains with culturally specific entailments about how ships and tents functioned as protective covers in Anglo-Saxon material culture.
Ant-lore in Anglo-Saxon England
Authors: Cesario Marilina 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTwo Old English versions of a sunshine prognostication survive in the mid-eleventh century Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 391, p. 713, and in a twelfth-century addition to Oxford, Bodleian Library, Hatton 115, 149v–150r. Among standard predictions promising joy, peace, blossom, abundance of milk and fruit, and a great baptism sent by God, one encounters an enigmatic prophecy which involves camels stealing gold from the ants. These gold-digging ants have a long pedigree, one which links Old English with much earlier literature and indicates the extent to which Anglo-Saxon culture had assimilated traditions of European learning. It remains difficult to say what is being prophesied, however, or to explain the presence of the passage among conventional predictions. Whether the prediction was merely a literary exercise or carried a symbolic implication, it must have originated in an ecclesiastical context. Its mixture of classical learning and vernacular tradition, Greek and Latin, folklore and Christian, implies an author with some knowledge of literary and scholarly traditions.
AAC Collaboration Using the Self-Anchored Rating Scales (SARS): An Aphasia Case Study
Authors: Fox Lynn E. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The self-anchored rating scale (SARS) is a technique that augments collaboration between Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) interventionists, their clients, and their clients' support networks. SARS is a technique used in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, a branch of systemic family counseling. It has been applied to treating speech and language disorders across the life span, and recent case studies show it has promise for promoting adoption and long-term use of high and low tech AAC. I will describe 2 key principles of solution-focused therapy and present 7 steps in the SARS process that illustrate how clinicians can use the SARS to involve a person with aphasia and his or her family in all aspects of the therapeutic process. I will use a case study to illustrate the SARS process and present outcomes for one individual living with aphasia.
Stakeholders as Partners: Making AAC Work Better
Authors: Ogletree Billy T. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Challenges associated with the provision of AAC treatment can be daunting, especially in light of the intense training requirements of many populations. Stakeholder training can optimize treatment efforts led by speech-language pathologists (SLP) and result in co-training relationships where the SLP and stakeholder appreciate and adapt to family and other variables that often impact treatment success. In this article, I will provide a brief review of concepts and literature central to the use of stakeholders as trainers, discuss benefits of stakeholder involvement in training including a heightened awareness of family systems and events, and present a short illustrative case describing a successful AAC treatment where stakeholder training was implemented. I will introduce the concept of AAC stakeholders as trainers and the reader will learn about the Communication Partner Instruction model (Kent-Walsh & McNaughton, 2005) as a possible vehicle for training.
Low temperature method for synthesis of starch-capped ZnSe nanoparticles and its characterization studies
Authors: Senthilkumar K. , Kalaivani T. , Kanagesan S. , Balasubramanin V. 
Published: December 2012

A facile method for synthesis of monodispersed, starch-capped ZnSe nanoparticles at room temperature is being reported. The nanoparticles exhibited strong quantum confinement effect with respect to the bulk ZnSe. The transmission electron microscopy image indicated that the particles were well dispersed and spherical in shape. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the ZnSe nanoparticles were of the wurtzite structure, with average particle diameter of about 3.50 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum confirmed the presence of starch as passivating agent.
At the request of the editor and publisher, this article is being retracted effective 4 May 2022.
Atomic layer deposition of TiO2 interfacial layer for enhancing performance of quantum dot and dye co-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Lin Xiu , Yu Kehan , Lu Ganhua , Chen Junhong , Yuan Chris 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) and dye co-sensitized solar cells have attracted substantial interest due to the enhanced light absorption for conversion efficiency improvement. To overcome the charge-collection issue and the QD degradation in the

electrolyte, here we report our investigations on adding a nano-TiO2 interfacial layer between CdS QDs and N719 dyes for enhancing the performance of the co-sensitized solar cell. Atomic layer deposition is used to fabricate conformal and uniform TiO2 interfacial layers with a thickness of 1.5, 2.2 and 3.2 nm. It has been found that the addition of a TiO2 interfacial layer can improve the device performance significantly (from 1.67% to 2.36%) through reducing the electron recombination and improving the QD stability in electrolyte, while there is an optimum thickness for the TiO2 interfacial layer.
A novel carbon–PEDOT composite counter electrode for monolithic dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Thompson Simon J , Pringle Jennifer M , Zhang Xiao Li , Cheng Yi-Bing 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The development of a new counter electrode structure for monolithic dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) is reported. A conducting polymer, PEDOT, is selectively electrodeposited throughout the carbon layer of the counter electrode, as confirmed by SEM. The formation of this composite allows reduced electrical resistivity, thus improving the fill factor and efficiency of devices. The improved mechanical stability of the carbon/conducting polymer composite layers makes these more suitable for use with flexible substrates, which is advantageous for the development of monolithic DSCs on plastic substrates that can be produced using roll-to-roll processes.
Effects of nano-patterned versus simple flat active layers in upright organic photovoltaic devices
Authors: Liu Yingchi , Kirsch Christoph , Gadisa Abay , Aryal Mukti , Mitran Sorin , Samulski Edward T , Lopez Rene 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A scalable procedure for nano-patterning the bulk heterojunction layer in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices is reported. Nano-patterning is shown to increase light absorption in poly(3-hexylthiophene) : [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT : PCBM) devices (ITO\WO3\P3HT : PCBM\Ca\Al). Nano-patterning also modifies electric fields in OPV devices, thus affecting charge harvesting. Nano-patterned OPV devices with a power conversion efficiency of 4% are presented. Comparable efficiencies are also obtained by optimization of thicknesses in a flat-layer device. Trade-offs between absorption enhancement and charge harvesting deterioration induced by nano-patterning are discussed as well as possible optimization strategies.
Autoimmune Hepatitis in Children in Eastern Denmark
Authors: Vitfell‐Pedersen Joanna , Jørgensen Marianne Hørby , Müller Klaus , Heilmann Carsten 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTObjectives:Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in childhood is a progressive chronic inflammatory liver disease. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and biochemical characteristics of 33 paediatric patients diagnosed as having AIH with earlier described cohorts, and to examine the effect of early treatment strategies on the course of disease.Methods:A population‐based cohort of patients from January 1993 to September 2009 was identified prospectively, and the patient data were collected by a retrospective examination of the files.Results:Twenty‐nine patients had type 1 AIH, 2 had type 2, and 2 could not be categorised. Among the 33 children, 16 (48.5%) were girls and 17 (51.5%) were boys. Twenty‐three (69.7%) of the patients had symptoms at presentation indistinguishable from acute viral hepatitis, but in 16 (69.6%) of those the liver biopsy showed cirrhosis. Twenty (60.6%) patients were treated with prednisolone and azathioprine at the time of remission, whereas 8 (24.2%) were treated with prednisolone. One (3%) patient did not experience remission during the observation period.Conclusions:The patients in our study appeared similar to previously published cohorts, although a female predominance was not observed. Our data suggest that early treatment including both prednisolone and azathioprine could be more effective than prednisolone alone, even if randomised controlled paediatric studies comparing these 2 different treatment regimens are needed.
Rational maps between quasilinear hypersurfaces
Authors: Scully Stephen 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe prove analogues of several well-known results concerning rational maps between quadrics for the class of so-called quasilinearp-hypersurfaces. These hypersurfaces are nowhere smooth over the base field, so many of the geometric methods which have been successfully applied to the study of projective homogeneous varieties over fields cannot be used. We are therefore forced to take an alternative approach, which is partly facilitated by the appearance of several non-traditional features in the study of these objects from an algebraic perspective. Our main results were previously known for the class of quasilinear quadrics. We provide new proofs here, because the original proofs do not immediately generalise for quasilinear hypersurfaces of higher degree.
Hochschild homology of Hopf algebras and free Yetter–Drinfeld resolutions of the counit
Authors: Bichon Julien 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe show that if$A$and$H$are Hopf algebras that have equivalent tensor categories of comodules, then one can transport what we call a free Yetter–Drinfeld resolution of the counit of$A$to the same kind of resolution for the counit of$H$, exhibiting in this way strong links between the Hochschild homologies of$A$and$H$. This enables us to obtain a finite free resolution of the counit of$\mathcal {B}(E)$, the Hopf algebra of the bilinear form associated with an invertible matrix$E$, generalizing an earlier construction of Collins, Härtel and Thom in the orthogonal case$E=I_n$. It follows that$\mathcal {B}(E)$is smooth of dimension 3 and satisfies Poincaré duality. Combining this with results of Vergnioux, it also follows that when$E$is an antisymmetric matrix, the$L^2$-Betti numbers of the associated discrete quantum group all vanish. We also use our resolution to compute the bialgebra cohomology of$\mathcal {B}(E)$in the cosemisimple case.
GPU‐based relative fuzzy connectedness image segmentation
Authors: Zhuge Ying , Ciesielski Krzysztof C. , Udupa Jayaram K. , Miller Robert W. 
Published: December 2012

Purpose:Recently, clinical radiological research and practice are becoming increasingly quantitative. Further, images continue to increase in size and volume. For quantitative radiology to become practical, it is crucial that image segmentation algorithms and their implementations are rapid and yield practical run time on very large data sets. The purpose of this paper is to present a parallel version of an algorithm that belongs to the family of fuzzy connectedness (FC) algorithms, to achieve an interactive speed for segmenting large medical image data sets.Methods:The most common FC segmentations, optimizing an ℓ∞‐based energy, are known as relative fuzzy connectedness (RFC) and iterative relative fuzzy connectedness (IRFC). Both RFC and IRFC objects (of which IRFC contains RFC) can be found via linear time algorithms, linear with respect to the image size. The new algorithm, P‐ORFC (for parallel optimal RFC), which is implemented by using NVIDIA's Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) platform, considerably improves the computational speed of the above mentioned CPU based IRFC algorithm.Results:Experiments based on four data sets of small, medium, large, and super data size, achieved speedup factors of 32.8×, 22.9×, 20.9×, and 17.5×, correspondingly, on the NVIDIA Tesla C1060 platform. Although the output of P‐ORFC need not precisely match that of IRFC output, it is very close to it and, as the authors prove, always lies between the RFC and IRFC objects.Conclusions:A parallel version of a top‐of‐the‐line algorithm in the family of FC has been developed on the NVIDIA GPUs. An interactive speed of segmentation has been achieved, even for the largest medical image data set. Such GPU implementations may play a crucial role in automatic anatomy recognition in clinical radiology.
Collimator design for a dedicated molecular breast imaging‐guided biopsy system: Proof‐of‐concept
Authors: Weinmann Amanda L. , Hruska Carrie B. , Conners Amy L. , O'Connor Michael K. 
Published: December 2012

Purpose:Molecular breast imaging (MBI) is a dedicated nuclear medicine breast imaging modality that employs dual‐head cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) gamma cameras to functionally detect breast cancer. MBI has been shown to detect breast cancers otherwise occult on mammography and ultrasound. Currently, a MBI‐guided biopsy system does not exist to biopsy such lesions. Our objective was to consider the utility of a novel conical slant‐hole (CSH) collimator for rapid (<1 min) and accurate monitoring of lesion position to serve as part of a MBI‐guided biopsy system.Methods:An initial CSH collimator design was derived from the dimensions of a parallel‐hole collimator optimized for MBI performed with dual‐head CZT gamma cameras. The parameters of the CSH collimator included the collimator height, cone slant angle, thickness of septa and cones of the collimator, and the annular areas exposed at the base of the cones. These parameters were varied within the geometric constraints of the MBI system to create several potential CSH collimator designs. The CSH collimator designs were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. The model included a breast compressed to a thickness of 6 cm with a 1‐cm diameter lesion located 3 cm from the collimator face. The number of particles simulated was chosen to represent the count density of a low‐dose, screening MBI study acquired with the parallel‐hole collimator for 10 min after a ∼150 MBq (4 mCi) injection of Tc‐99m sestamibi. The same number of particles was used for the CSH collimator simulations. In the resulting simulated images, the count sensitivity, spatial resolution, and accuracy of the lesion depth determined from the lesion profile width were evaluated.Results:The CSH collimator design with default parameters derived from the optimal parallel‐hole collimator provided 1‐min images with error in the lesion depth estimation of 1.1 ± 0.7 mm and over 21 times the lesion count sensitivity relative to 1‐min images acquired with the current parallel‐hole collimator. Sensitivity was increased via more vertical cone slant angles, larger annular areas, thinner cone walls, shorter cone heights, and thinner radiating septa. Full width at half maximum trended in the opposite direction as sensitivity for all parameters. There was less error in the depth estimates for less vertical slant angles, smaller annular areas, thinner cone walls, cone heights near 1 cm, and generally thinner radiating septa.Conclusions:A Monte Carlo model was used to demonstrate the feasibility of a CSH collimator design for rapid biopsy application in molecular breast imaging. Specifically, lesion depth of a 1‐cm diameter lesion positioned in the center of a typical breast can be estimated with error of less than 2 mm using circumferential count profiles of images acquired in 1 min.