bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrial septal defects in the adult: Management, transcatheter and surgical therapeutic options and outcomes
Authors: Rigatelli Gianluca , dell’Avvocata Fabio , Magro Beatrice , Panin Stefano 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Patients with simple congenital heart disease such as isolated atrial septal defects (ASDs) are rapidly becoming a relatively large population with a variety of clinical problems that are often missed by pediatric physicians or grown up congenital heart disease specialists, and may involve different adult health professionals such as general cardiologists or internists. Isolated ASDs are common (7% of all cardiac anomalies) and can present at any age, sometimes in conjunction with other genetic disorders such as Down’s syndrome or in a familiar form. The diagnosis is often accidental: Doppler echocardiography and, recently, magnetic resonance imaging are mandatory to assess types and significance of ASDs. Surgical or percutaneous repair should be offered at any age unless associated with pulmonary vascular disease: Percutaneous closure should be preferred in isolated secundum ASD with sufficient rims on trans-esophageal echocardiography, whereas surgery remains the only option for primum and sinus defects. Follow-up of operated patients is based on Holter EKG and echocardiography that should be scheduled every 2 years for secundum and sinus defects and every year for primum defect with valve repair. ASDs in adolescents and adults may be suspected in any physician’s office and doctors should be acquainted with innovative imaging techniques and contemporary therapeutic options in order to deliver proper care to different types of ASDs and assist them after repair with appropriate follow-up strategies.
Parametrization of Mean Radiative Properties of Optically Thin Steady-State Plasmas and Applications
Authors: Rodriguez R. , Espinosa G. , Gil J. M. , Rubiano J. G. , Mendoza M. A. , Martel P. , Minguez E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPlasma radiative properties play a pivotal role both in nuclear fusion and astrophysics. They are essential to analyze and explain experiments or observations and also in radiative-hydrodynamics simulations. Their computation requires the generation of large atomic databases and the calculation, by solving a set of rate equations, of a huge number of atomic level populations in wide ranges of plasma conditions. These facts make that, for example, radiative-hydrodynamics in-line simulations be almost infeasible. This has lead to develop analytical expressions based on the parametrization of radiative properties. However, most of them are accurate only for coronal or local thermodynamic equilibrium. In this work we present a code for the parametrization of plasma radiative properties of mono-component plasmas, in terms of plasma density and temperature, such as radiative power loss, the Planck and Rosseland mean opacities and the average ionization, which is valid for steady-state optically thin plasmas in wide ranges of plasma densities and temperatures. Furthermore, we also present some applications of this parametrization such as the analysis of the optical depth and radiative character of plasmas, the use to perform diagnostics of the electron temperature, the determination of mean radiative properties for multicomponent plasmas and the analysis of radiative cooling instabilities in some kind of experiments on high-energy density laboratory astrophysics. Finally, to ease the use of the code for the parametrization, this one has been integrated in a user interface and brief comments about it are presented.
Comparing Resident Self-Report to Chart Audits for Quality Improvement Projects: Accurate Reflection or Cherry-Picking?
Authors: Kuperman Ethan F. , Tobin Kristen , Kraschnewski Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Resident engagement in quality improvement is a requirement for graduate medical education, but the optimal means of instruction and evaluation of resident progress remain unknown.

Objective
To determine the accuracy of self-reported chart audits in measuring resident adherence to primary care clinical practice guidelines.

Methods
During the 2010–2011 academic year, second- and third-year internal medicine residents at a single, university hospital–based program performed chart audits on 10 patients from their primary care clinic to determine adherence to 16 US Preventive Services Task Force primary care guidelines. We compared residents' responses to independent audits of randomly selected patient charts by a single external reviewer.

Results
Self-reported data were collected by 18 second-year and 15 third-year residents for 330 patients. Independently, 70 patient charts were randomly selected for review by an external auditor. Overall guideline compliance was significantly higher on self-reported audits compared to external audits (82% versus 68%, P &lt; .001). Of 16 guidelines, external audits found significantly lower rates of adherence for 5 (tetanus vaccination, osteoporosis screening, colon cancer screening, cholesterol screening, and obesity screening). Chlamydia screening was more common in audited charts than in self-reported data. Although third-year residents self-reported higher guideline adherence than second-year residents (86% versus 78%, P &lt; .001), external audits for third-year residents found lower overall adherence (64% versus 72%, P  =  .040).

Conclusions
Residents' self-reported chart audits may significantly overestimate guideline adherence. Increased supervision and independent review appear necessary to accurately evaluate resident performance.
Propriétés et territoires autochtones en Nouvelle-France
Authors: Morin Michel 
Published: September 2014

Cet article est publié en deux parties. Lapremière partie, qui apparaît dans le présentnuméro, porte sur les débats concernant l'originedu contrôle territorial et sur la reconnaissancedes territoires nationaux. La secondepartie, qui sera publiée dans notre prochainnuméro, traitera de la gestion des districtsde chasse.Dans le nord-est de l'Amérique du Nord, l'origine précolombienne des territoires familiaux autochtones a suscité une controverse chez les anthropologues, tout comme la possibilité que les Algonquiens aient élaboré par eux-mêmes des mesures de conservation des ressources fauniques. Pourtant, au début du XVIIe siècle, les Français n'ont aucune difficulté à reconnaître l'existence de territoires dont l'accès est contrôlé par des nations autochtones et qui constituent la propriété collective de l'une d'entre elles; par conséquent, ses chefs en supervisent l'usage par ses membres. Avec le temps, les représentants du roi s'emploient à convaincre les peuples « frères » de s'accorder un droit mutuel de chasser sur leurs terres. Comme en Acadie, il existe en Nouvelle- France des « districts » de chasse bien délimités exploités sous la direction d'un chef de bande familiale. Les membres d'une autre bande ou les étrangers doivent obtenir la permission d'y chasser, quoique les incursions occasionnelles soient acceptées. À compter de 1660, des mesures de conservation sont observées dans la région des Grands Lacs et même dans celle du lac Champlain, mais au XVIIIe siècle, elles ne semblent pas connues sur la Côte-Nord; cependant il paraît peu probable que les autochtones n'aient pas eu les connaissances suffisantes pour en élaborer eux-mêmes. Dans l'ensemble, leur con cep tion du territoire semble d'origine autochtone plutôt que française. Elle repose sur l'existence de limites nationales et de districts bien définis, même si les observateurs français ne cherchent pas à décrire ceux-ci précisément.
Polyphonie d’une crise scolaire en Saskatchewan : le discours journalistique du Patriote de l’Ouest en 1931 et les stratégies discursives de Tante Présentine
Authors: Poliquin Laurent 
Published: September 2014

L’une des figures clés des courants idéologiques qui animent la Saskatchewan à partir de 1920 est un ancien inspecteur d’école, James Thomas Milton Anderson, proche du mouvement extrémiste de fraternité chrétienne, le Ku Klux Klan. Devenu premier ministre en 1929, Anderson se donne pour mission de « canadianiser » les immigrants venus s’installer dans la province. Il fait amender la loi scolaire afin d’interdire l’enseignement dans des langues autres que l’anglais. Dans ce contexte, l’étude se propose d’analyser le discours journalistique duPatriote de l’Ouest, l’organe de protestation de la communauté canadienne-française de la Saskatchewan, et d’étudier les impacts de cette lutte entre anglophones et francophones pour la survie de l’école française, dans la rubrique « Les pages écolières »de ce même journal, confiée à une religieuse influente auprès des jeunes, Tante Présentine.
Directional flank spreading at Mount Cameroon volcano: Evidence from analogue modeling
Authors: Kervyn M. , van Wyk de Vries B. , Walter T. R. , Njome M. S. , Suh C. E. , Ernst G. G. J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMount Cameroon is characterized by an elongated summit plateau, steep flanks, and topographic terraces around its base. Although some of these features can be accounted for by intrusion‐induced deformation, we here focus on the contribution of edifice‐scale gravitational spreading in the structure of Mount Cameroon. We review the existing geological and geophysical data and morphostructural features of Mount Cameroon and surrounding sedimentary basins. Volcanic ridge gravitational spreading is then simulated by scaled analogue models on which fault formation is recorded using digital image correlation. Three sets of models are presented (i) models recorded in cross section (Type I), (ii) models recorded from above with a uniform (Type IIa), and (iii) nonuniform ductile layer (Type IIb). Type I models illustrate the formation of faults accommodating summit subsidence and lower flank spreading. Type IIa models favor displacement perpendicular to the long axis, with formation of a summit graben and basal folds, but fail to reproduce the steep flanks. Type IIb models investigate the effect of spatial variations in sediment thickness and/or properties consistent with geological evidence. Directional spreading of the volcano's central part perpendicular to the long axis is accounted for by a sediment layer with restricted lateral extent and increasing thickness away from the volcano axis. The later model closely reproduces key features observed at Mount Cameroon: steep upper flanks are accounted for by enhanced lateral spreading of the lower flanks relative to the summit. The relevance of these findings for understanding flank instabilities at large oceanic volcanoes is finally highlighted.
HyperBIRD: A Sensitivity‐Enhanced Approach to Collecting Homonuclear‐Decoupled Proton NMR Spectra
Authors: Donovan Kevin J. , Frydman Lucio 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSamples prepared following dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enable the detection of NMR spectra from low‐γ nuclei with outstanding sensitivity, yet have limited use for the enhancement of abundant species like 1H nuclei. Small‐ and intermediate‐sized molecules, however, show strong heteronuclear cross‐relaxation effects: spontaneous processes with an inherent isotopic selectivity, whereby only the 13C‐bonded protons receive a polarization enhancement. These effects are here combined with a recently developed method that delivers homonuclear‐decoupled 1H spectra in natural abundance samples based on heteronuclear couplings to these same, 13C‐bonded nuclei. This results in the HyperBIRD methodology; a single‐shot combination of these two effects that can simultaneously simplify and resolve complex, congested 1H NMR spectra with many overlapping spin multiplets, while achieving 50–100 times sensitivity enhancements over conventional thermal counterparts.
Opportunities and challenges for analysis of wildlife trade using CITES data – seahorses as a case study
Authors: Foster Sarah , Wiswedel Stefan , Vincent Amanda 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

In principle, the database generated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) offers an unparalleled opportunity to analyse trade in species of conservation concern.
The value of the database is assessed in the context of trade in 47 species of seahorse (Hippocampus spp.), all of which are included on CITES Appendix II. This listing requires that all 180 Parties to CITES (member Parties) limit exports to levels that do not damage wild populations, ensure they are obtained legally, and report their trade to CITES.
An evident need for greater universal compliance with CITES reporting requirements was identified. The most glaring problem was a substantial mismatch in species and volumes between export records and import records, indicating that neither dataset is complete nor reliable.
The evaluation also showed that Parties should increase compliance with CITES requirements to record all trade shipments, provide units for exports (e.g. individuals, kilograms) and identify exported taxa to species, perhaps supported by automated checking of entries.
The challenges with the CITES trade database were more evident for the global trade in dried seahorses than the smaller and more easily‐tracked trade in live seahorses. Nonetheless, CITES’ data from 2004–2011 revealed a seahorse trade involving millions of animals, tens of species, and scores of Parties.
CITES data have also proven invaluable in supporting CITES reviews of how Parties are implementing the Convention for seahorses, and in generating consequent action for their conservation.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Internalization of Aquaporin‐4 After Collagenase‐Induced Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Xu Jin , Qiu Guo‐Ping , Huang Juan , Zhang Bo , Sun Shan‐Quan , Gan Sheng‐Wei , Lu Wei‐Tian , Wang Ke‐Jian , Huang Si‐Qin , Zhu Shu‐Juan 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBrain edema formation following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) appears to be related with aquaporin‐4 (AQP4), which is critically involved in brain volume homeostasis and water balance. Despite its importance, the regulation of AQP4 expression involved in transmembrane water movements still remains rudimentary. Many studies suggest that the internalization of several membrane‐bound proteins, including AQP4, may occur with or without lysosomal degradation. Previously, we investigated the internalization of AQP4 in retinal ischemic‐reperfusion model. Here, we test the hypothesis that AQP4 is internalized post‐ICH and then degraded in the lysosome. The results demonstrated that both AQP4 and the mannose‐6‐phosphate receptor (MPR) co‐localized in perihematomal region at 6 hr post‐ICH. In addition, AQP4 and lysosomal‐associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) also co‐localized in perihematomal region, with co‐expression increasing followed by a gradual decrease at different time windows post‐ICH (6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hr). After ICH, the Evans blue leakage happened very early at 1 hr and the brain swelling occurred at 3 hr. Moreover, we also found the AQP4 mRNA and AQP4 protein were increased post‐ICH. These results suggest that AQP4 is internalized and the lysosome is involved in degrading the internalized AQP4 post‐ICH. Both the AQP4 internalization and lysosomal degradation may provide biophysical insights regarding the potential of new treatments for brain edema. Anat Rec, 298:554–561, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Advantage of the N‐Alkylation Strategy for Retaining the Molecular Planarity for Oligothiophene/Imidazole/1,10‐Phenanthroline‐Based Heterocyclic Semiconducting and Fluorescent Compounds
Authors: Peng Yu‐Xin , Tao Tao , Wang Xiao‐Xu , Ma Bin‐Bin , Zhang Kun , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA family of planar oligothiophene/imidazole/1,10‐phenanthroline (OTIP)‐based heterocyclic, aromatic, semiconducting, and fluorescent compounds with N‐substituted alkyl chains (allyl, n‐butyl, n‐octyl, n‐dodecyl, and n‐cetyl) have been designed and synthesized. They all have specific N‐coordination sites, various donor–acceptor spacers, good molecular planarity, suitable solubility, and high thermal stability. In comparison with conventional double β‐alkylation of the thiophene ring, our results reveal that the single imidazole N‐alkylation strategy for OTIPs has the advantage of maintaining the planarity of the whole molecule, in addition to improving the solubility, which can be clearly verified by the small dihedral angles between adjacent thiophene/imidazole/1,10‐phenanthroline (TIP) rings in eight X‐ray single‐crystal structures. In particular, n‐dodecyl‐ and n‐cetyl‐substituted OTIPs (7 and 8) with the same molecular length of 2.37 nm (MW=939 and 1052), show good molecular planarity with the aforementioned dihedral angles of 8.9(5) and 10.4(5)°. Furthermore, special attention has been paid to the physicochemical properties of seven symmetrical OTIPs (6–8, 13–15, and 19), including two to six thiophene rings in the middle of their molecular structures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first synthetic, structural, and spectral investigation into the N‐alkylation of OTIP‐based compounds.
Enantioselective, Desymmetrizing, Bromolactonization Reactions of Symmetric Olefinic Dicarboxylic Acids
Authors: Murai Kenichi , Nakajima Junki , Nakamura Akira , Hyogo Norimichi , Fujioka Hiromichi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe results of studies leading to the development of enantioselective desymmetrizing, bromolactonization reactions of symmetric olefinic dicarboxylic acids, which are promoted by a C3‐symmetric trisimidazoline catalyst, are described. These processes generated carboxylic‐acid‐containing bromolactones in moderately high enantiomeric excesses. The results of optimization studies showed that reactions in a mixed solvent system of toluene and acetone proceeded with the highest levels of enantioselectivity. NMR studies probing the interactions between the catalyst and dicarboxylic acid substrates, as well as the effect of acetone on the stereochemistry of the process, are also described.
Sandwich‐Nanostructured NiO–ZnO Nanowires@α‐Fe2O3 Film Photoanode with a Synergistic Effect and p–n Junction for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Chao , Fan Weiqiang , Bai Hongye , Yu Xiaoqiang , Chen Chao , Zhang Rongxian , Shi Weidong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA new sandwich‐nanostructured film photoanode with synergistic effect and a p–n junction based on NiOZnO nanowires (NWs)@α‐Fe2O3 are synthesized for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The sandwich‐nanostructured film photoanode is systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high‐resolution TEM. The PEC performances are characterized by the photocurrent densities versus potential curves, photocurrent densities versus time curves, and the incident photon to current efficiency curves. In addition, the sandwich‐nanostructured NiOZnO NWs@α‐Fe2O3 film photoanode shows significantly enhanced PEC performance compared with α‐Fe2O3 and ZnO NWs@α‐Fe2O3; this is mainly due to the synergistic effect and the construction of a p–n junction in NiOZnO NWs@α‐Fe2O3. Furthermore, the photoanode exhibits optimal PEC performance when the reacting concentration of nickel nitrate hexahydrate is 2.0 M.
Platinum‐Modified Gold Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in Alkaline Electrolytes
Authors: Mahoney Elizabeth G. , Sheng Wenchao , Yan Yushan , Chen Jingguang G. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAlkaline fuel cells offer advantages over acidic fuel cells because of the relaxed necessity for platinum (Pt) electrocatalysts and the increased stability of non‐Pt‐group metals at high pH values. While this offers the possibility of less expensive electrocatalysts, the activity of non‐Pt‐group metals is still low in comparison to Pt. Reducing the amount of Pt needed for fuel oxidation by modification can effectively lower the cost of the catalyst while maintaining a high oxidation activity. Here we compare Pt‐modified Au (Pt/Au), Pt, and Au disk electrodes for the oxidation of hydrogen. The Pt/Au surface exhibits a hydrogen oxidation activity similar to that of bulk Pt and far superior to that of a pure Au disk. Pt‐modified Au/C (Pt/Au/C) exhibits an activity similar to that of supported Pt/C.
Preferential Formation of SiOC over SiC Linkage upon Thermal Grafting on Hydrogen‐Terminated Silicon (111)
Authors: Khung Yit Lung , Ngalim Siti Hawa , Meda Laura , Narducci Dario 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn a stringent and near oxygen‐free environment, SiH surfaces were introduced to a trifluoroalkyne, an alcohol‐derivatized alkyne, as well as an equal mixture of both alkynes at a temperature of 130 °C. Contact angle measurements, high‐resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and angle‐resolved XPS were performed to examine the system. SiH surfaces were found to have a strong preference towards the formation of SiOC rather than SiC bonds when the alcohol and alkyne reactivities were compared.
Saturated Red‐Light‐Emitting Gold(III) Triphenylamine Dendrimers for Solution‐Processable Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Tang Man‐Chung , Chan Carmen Ka‐Man , Tsang Daniel Ping‐Kuen , Wong Yi‐Chun , Chan Maggie Mei‐Yee , Wong Keith Man‐Chung , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA novel isoquinoline‐containing C^N^C ligand and its phosphorescent triphenylamine‐based alkynylgold(III) dendrimers have been synthesized. These alkynylgold(III) dendrimers serve as phosphorescent dopants in the fabrication of efficient solution‐processable organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs). The photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescence properties were studied. A saturated red emission with CIE coordinates of (0.64, 0.36) and a high EQE value of 3.62 % were achieved. Unlike other red‐light‐emitting iridium(III) dendrimers, a low turn‐on voltage of less than 3 V and a reduced efficiency roll‐off at high current densities were observed; this can be accounted for by the enhanced carrier transporting ability and the relatively short lifetimes in the high‐generation dendrimers. This class of alkynylgold(III) dendrimers are promising candidates as phosphorescent dopants in the fabrication of solution‐processable OLEDs.
Thermodynamic and Mechanical Timescales Involved in Foam Film Rupture and Liquid Foam Coalescence
Authors: Rio Emmanuelle , Biance Anne‐Laure 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRecent advances in the coalescence in liquid foams are reviewed, with a special focus on the multiscale structure of foams. Studies concerning the stability of isolated foam films, on the one hand, and the coalescence process in macroscopic foams, on the other hand, are not always in good agreement. This discrepancy reveals that two routes can induce coalescence in a foam. The first route is thermodynamic and shows that coalescence is governed by a stochastic rupture of foam films. The second route relies on a mechanically induced rupture of the films, due to the spontaneous evolution of foams. From a literature review, the evaluation of the different timescales involved in these mechanisms allows defining the limiting parameters of foam coalescence.