bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leprosy knowledge among primary care physicians in Southern Brazil: are we underdiagnosing?
Authors: de Cássia Francisco Priscila , Kliemann Breno Saty , Tarlé Roberto Gomes 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundLeprosy is a chronic infection with high morbidity in Brazil. Primary care physicians' lack of knowledge about the disease may play a significant role in underdiagnosis. This study aimed to assess primary care physicians' ability to identify typical leprosy skin lesions and their knowledge of the subject.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study relied on a questionnaire in which participating doctors chose one main diagnostic hypothesis and two differential diagnoses for each skin lesion presented. Five leprosy lesions were included. Questions regarding management, follow‐up, and diagnostic workup for the disease were also included. The questionnaire was sent to primary care physicians working in Curitiba, in the Southern Brazilian state of Paraná, and dermatologists, who constituted the control group.ResultsThirty‐two primary care physicians and 26 dermatologists agreed to participate in the study. Primary care physicians accurately identified a mean of 1.8 ± 1.2 of the five leprosy skin lesions, while dermatologists accurately identified 2.5 ± 0.9 (P = 0.009). The main misdiagnosed leprosy forms were the lepromatous and histoid variants. Among primary care physicians, 56.2% claimed to have little knowledge of the subject and a large share of participants was unaware of recent updates in treating paucibacillary forms, even within the dermatologist subgroup.ConclusionsPrimary care physicians in Curitiba have little information regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up of leprosy. Even dermatologists had difficulties with treatment and patient management, emphasizing the constant need for education on this subject.
The role of group membership and culture in interpersonal distance regulation
Authors: Wei JuanJuan , Candini Michela , Frassinetti Francesca , Rubini Monica 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe current study aims to examine the influence of group membership and cultural conceptions on the regulation of interpersonal distance (IPD) among Chinese and Italian adolescents. Two‐hundred forty participants completed an online computerized version of the Interpersonal Visual Analogue Scale to assess their preferred IPD. A greater distance was found in Chinese than Italian participants. Chinese participants also chose a larger distance from outgroup than ingroup members, whereas no such tendencies were found among Italian participants. Moreover, in the Chinese group, a larger distance from the male target was chosen by females compared to male participants. Finally, all participants maintained greater distance when outgroup members approached from the back than from the front. These findings not only provide evidence that nationality and group membership impact on how individuals regulate spatial boundaries, but also offer a new lens to understand intergroup dynamics shaping social interactions among individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Japan
Authors: Miyagi Etsuko 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo review the status of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Japan from inception to the present, focusing on past and current challenges.MethodsPublished articles and website content related to HPV vaccination were reviewed.ResultsThe Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare suspended proactive recommendations for HPV vaccination in June 2013 following repeated media reports of girls experiencing adverse events, including chronic pain and walking disturbances, after receiving the HPV vaccine. Despite later recognition of these symptoms as a functional somatic syndrome, HPV vaccine coverage of target girls aged 12 to 16 years in the National Immunization Program (NIP) rapidly decreased to near zero. This suspension of the proactive HPV vaccination recommendation ceased in fiscal year (f‐year) 2022, initiating a 3‐year catch‐up free HPV vaccination period from April 2022 to March 2025 for women born from f‐years 1997 to 2005. These drastic changes were driven by established evidence of the effectiveness and safety of HPV vaccines reported from both Japan and other countries, and a nine‐valent HPV vaccine has been included in the NIP since f‐year 2023. However, the estimated HPV vaccination rate in the NIP remains low at ≤30%.ConclusionsTo regain high coverage of HPV vaccination in Japan, it is essential that government, industry, and academic society work together to raise awareness and educate Japanese people about cervical cancer prevention and HPV‐related diseases.
Feedback, learning and becoming: Narratives of feedback in complex performance challenges
Authors: Bearman Margaret , Dracup Mary , Ajjawi Rola , Kirby Catherine , Brown James 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionBecoming a general practitioner (or family medicine specialist) is challenging, as trainees learn to manage complex and ambiguous situations. Feedback is a key component of this learning. Although research has tended to focus on feedback's momentary processes and impacts, there is value in seeking to understand the work it does over time and how trainees position themselves across multiple feedback encounters. We ask: how do newly qualified GPs narrate themselves and their experiences with complex performance challenges? Within these narratives, what is the role of feedback?MethodsThe research adopts a holistic and sequential narrative analysis approach, with in‐depth narrative interviews of 16 general practice trainees who had just completed their training requirements. The analysis involved restorying the participant narratives chronologically. Each narrative formed a unit of analysis where narrative commonalities across plots, characters, emotions and the role of feedback were interpreted.ResultsFour plotlines within GP trainees' stories of complex performance challenges were identified: Journeyperson, Hero's Quest, Solo Journeyer and Endless Struggle. Trainees, supervisors and feedback are positioned differently within these plotlines. Narratives were saturated with emotions.DiscussionThe plotlines bring together an alternative way of understanding how feedback, learning and becoming are woven together. They illustrate how multiple interactions with patients, supervisors, peers and systems thread together into an overall trajectory. How a trainee positions themselves as protagonists and who they characterise as their antagonists can help direct the focus of supervisors' feedback conversations.
The induced defocus by Defocus Incorporated Soft Contact lenses is dependent on visual distance and ambient illuminance
Authors: Hao Jiangdong , Lin Zhenghua , Xi Xiaoyun , Yang Zhikuan , Artal Pablo , Lan Weizhong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeDefocus Incorporated Soft Contact (DISC) lenses, a commonly used type of multifocal lens in clinical practice, may slow down myopia progression by inducing myopic retinal defocus. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the induced defocus across the retina could be affected by visual environments encountered in the real world, such as differences in viewing distance and ambient illuminance.MethodsIn this cross‐over trial, 30 myopic adults wore both DISC lenses and single vision contact (SVC) lenses in random order. An open‐view Hartmann–Shack scanning wavefront sensor was used to measure defocus at different retinal locations along the horizontal meridian under four experimental conditions: far target (3 m) and near targets (0.33 m) under scotopic (<1 lux) or photopic (~300 lux) conditions.ResultsThe results showed that DISC lenses induced more myopic retinal defocus than SVC lenses in all conditions (all p < 0.05), except for the scotopic near target. In addition, for DISC lenses, the defocus was greater in the photopic than the scotopic conditions for both the far and near targets (both p < 0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, the retinal defocus induced by these multifocal lenses was dependent on both visual distance and ambient illuminance, indicating that the visual conditions might affect the anti‐myopia efficacy of these devices.
Pachyonychia congenita: A father and son with a novel variant in the KRT16 gene
Authors: Tran Tu Nguyen Anh , Vu Thao Thi Phuong , Pham Nguyen Nhat , Bui Chi‐Bao , Nguyen Hao Trong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study underscores the significance of identifying the clinical manifestations of pachyonychia congenita (PC) and emphasizes the patterns of genetic inheritance. A 12‐month‐old boy presented with a “white hairy tongue” and, following a comprehensive evaluation, was diagnosed with PC. His father exhibited similar symptoms. Genetic testing revealed a KRT16 pathogenic variant (c.616 T > G) in both the patient and his father, marking it as a novel variant in the PC literature. This case contributes to a broader understanding of PC's genetic diversity and its clinical presentations.
Seed germination requirements of the rare Helosciadium repens (aka Apium repens) determine persistence of seeds in the soil seed bank
Authors: Ronse A. , Van de Vyver A. , Vandelook F. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The rare and threatened Heliosciadium repens grows in moist grasslands and has a distinct life cycle. Plants reproduce both clonally, although ramets tend to be short‐lived, and sexually, with seeds that can form a persistent soil seed bank. The germination requirements of H. repens were investigated, yielding important information for its habitat management and conservation.
We examined the soil seed bank in three populations and carried out germination experiments and embryo growth measurements with fresh seeds in laboratory, greenhouse and outdoor conditions. We also investigated the effects of storage and burial of seeds.
H. repens formed a long‐term persistent (>6 years) soil seed bank with very pronounced primary dormancy, but no secondary dormancy or dormancy cycles. Seeds can germinate throughout the growing season when temperatures are sufficiently high. Embryo growth and seed germination are triggered by light and, to a lesser extent, daily temperature fluctuations.
Seeds of H. repens seem to have developed a unique germination syndrome with several strategies to remain dormant in the soil until optimal conditions are present for seedling establishment and survival. Both sexual reproduction and seed bank formation are crucial for the long‐term survival of the populations.
Stress, burnout and coping among nurses working on acute medical wards and in the community: A quantitative study
Authors: Hjörleifsdóttir Elísabet , Sigurðardóttir Þórhalla , Óskarsson Guðmundur Kristján , Halapi Eva Charlotte 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPsychological distress can cause burnout, which affects mental and physical well‐being. It is important to identify factors associated with psychological distress and physical discomfort and how nurses deal with these problems.AimThe aim was to investigate distress, burnout and coping among community nurses (CN) and hospital nurses (HN).Approach and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 409 nurses completed three questionnaires: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and Ways of Coping (WOC).FindingsParticipants younger than 40 demonstrated significantly more distress and burnout than those older than 40 years. Participants who had moderate and high distress on the PSS were significantly more at risk for experiencing personal, work‐related and patient‐related burnout. A significant positive correlation was found between distress and behavioural escape‐avoidance, cognitive escape‐avoidance and distancing. Significant positive correlations were also seen between all the subscales of the CBI and behavioural escape‐avoidance, cognitive escape‐avoidance and distancing. Positive significant correlation was also obtained between staff resources and distress and personal‐related and work‐related burnout. Negative correlation was demonstrated between staff resources and patient‐related burnout. Participants with longer work experience were less likely to report moderate or high distress, and those who scored higher on personal burnout and behavioural escape‐avoidance were more likely to have moderate or high distress.ConclusionThe results of this study call for increased attention to the younger generation in the nursing profession. The results also validate the need to investigate further the correlation between distress, burnout and coping and how these issues might influence each other among nurses working in the community and hospitals. Findings should be taken with precaution, they do not describe in detail what underlying factors contribute to distress and discomfort found in this study, they do, however, indicate certain coping strategies nurses use to deal with distress and burnout.
The immigrant linguistic maturation of Asian American and Latinx language brokers
Authors: Higuera Kimberly 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImmigrant children in the U.S. often learn English before their caretakers, leading them to take on the role of day‐to‐day translators (“language brokers”). This study explores the familial socialization of immigrant, linguistic‐minority families in the U.S. by drawing on deductive‐inductive thematic analysis of 14 semi‐structured interviews with Asian American and Latinx young adult language brokers reflecting on how this role shaped their childhoods and prepared them for adulthood. The bulk of interviewees experienced working‐class childhoods. Despite this, respondents seem to have experienced a family socialization model that reflects elements of both middle‐class and working‐class models. “Immigrant Linguistic Maturation” (ILM) consists of linguistic scaffolding in English and heritage languages, verbal airtime, and engagement with authority figures, while also leading children to hold adult knowledge, roles, and responsibilities. Racial and ethnic differences primarily lie in the actors involved in ILM socialization processes. Extended family, and especially grandparents, played a more active role in the ILM socialization of Asian American brokers, while ILM socialization of Latinx brokers was primarily driven by parents, particularly mothers. The case of Asian American and Latinx language brokers calls attention to the importance of factors like immigrant background and linguistic marginalization in shaping familial socialization.
Protocol biopsy of kidney allograft enables early detection of BK virus nephropathy to preserve kidney allograft function
Authors: Iwahara Naoya , Hotta Kiyohiko , Hirose Takayuki , Okada Hiromi , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Banff Working Group has updated the histological classification of BK virus nephropathy (BKVN), highlighting the importance of early detection. However, an early detection strategy for BKVN using biopsy has not yet been established. Our investigation aimed to assess the efficacy of protocol biopsy for the diagnosis of BKVN.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of 314 patients who had undergone kidney transplantation between 2006 and 2021. Kidney allograft biopsies were performed as part of a protocol biopsy at 3 months and 1 year post‐transplantation. Following the diagnosis of BKVN, the immunosuppressant dose was reduced.ResultsTwelve patients (3.8%) were diagnosed with BKVN by biopsy. Most diagnoses are established during the early stages of BKVN (polyomavirus nephropathy class 1 in six, class 2 in five, and class 3 in one). Following the reduction in immunosuppressant dose, kidney allograft function did not deteriorate in any patients. Additionally, test for BK virus DNA in the blood was negative. All but one patient demonstrated histological resolution of BKVN, and the other had a very slight positivity for the simian virus 40 large T antigen. The median follow‐up time after BKVN diagnosis was 6 years. One patient developed de novo donor‐specific antibody and subclinical acute antibody‐mediated rejection that was successfully cured.ConclusionsOur analysis indicates that protocol biopsy may enable the early detection of BKVN, resulting in the preservation of kidney function.
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Trehalose along with ABA promotes the salt tolerance of Avicennia marina by regulating Na+ transport
Authors: Song Ling‐Yu , Xu Chao‐Qun , Zhang Lu‐Dan , Li Jing , Jiang Li‐Wei , Ma Dong‐Na , Guo Ze‐Jun , Wang Qian , Wang Xiu‐Xiu , Zheng Hai‐Lei 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYMangroves grow in tropical/subtropical intertidal habitats with extremely high salt tolerance. Trehalose and trehalose‐6‐phosphate (T6P) have an alleviating function against abiotic stress. However, the roles of trehalose in the salt tolerance of salt‐secreting mangrove Avicennia marina is not documented. Here, we found that trehalose was significantly accumulated in A. marina under salt treatment. Furthermore, exogenous trehalose can enhance salt tolerance by promoting the Na+ efflux from leaf salt gland and root to reduce the Na+ content in root and leaf. Subsequently, eighteen trehalose‐6‐phosphate synthase (AmTPS) and 11 trehalose‐6‐phosphate phosphatase (AmTPP) genes were identified from A. marina genome. Abscisic acid (ABA) responsive elements were predicted in AmTPS and AmTPP promoters by cis‐acting elements analysis. We further identified AmTPS9A, as an important positive regulator, that increased the salt tolerance of AmTPS9A‐overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana by altering the expressions of ion transport genes and mediating Na+ efflux from the roots of transgenic A. thaliana under NaCl treatments. In addition, we also found that ABA could promote the accumulation of trehalose, and the application of exogenous trehalose significantly promoted the biosynthesis of ABA in both roots and leaves of A. marina. Ultimately, we confirmed that AmABF2 directly binds to the AmTPS9A promoter in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, we speculated that there was a positive feedback loop between trehalose and ABA in regulating the salt tolerance of A. marina. These findings provide new understanding to the salt tolerance of A. marina in adapting to high saline environment at trehalose and ABA aspects.
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms modulate cyclopropane fatty acid synthase through small RNAs in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Bianco Colleen M. , Caballero-Rothar Nancy N. , Ma Xiangqian , Farley Kristen R. , Vanderpool Carin K. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

The small RNA (sRNA) RydC strongly activates
cfa
, which encodes the cyclopropane fatty acid synthase. Previous work demonstrated that RydC activation of
cfa
increases the conversion of unsaturated fatty acids to cyclopropanated fatty acids in membrane lipids and changes the biophysical properties of membranes, making cells more resistant to acid stress. The regulators that control RydC synthesis had not previously been identified. In this study, we identify a GntR-family transcription factor, YieP, that represses
rydC
transcription. YieP positively autoregulates its own transcription and indirectly regulates
cfa
through RydC. We further identify additional sRNA regulatory inputs that contribute to the control of RydC and
cfa
. The translation of
yieP
is repressed by the Fnr-dependent sRNA, FnrS, making FnrS an indirect activator of
rydC
and
cfa
. Conversely, RydC activity on
cfa
is antagonized by the OmpR-dependent sRNA OmrB. Altogether, this work illuminates a complex regulatory network involving transcriptional and post-transcriptional inputs that link the control of membrane biophysical properties to multiple environmental signals.

IMPORTANCE
Bacteria experience many environmental stresses that challenge their membrane integrity. To withstand these challenges, bacteria sense what stress is occurring and mount a response that protects membranes. Previous work documented the important roles of small RNA (sRNA) regulators in membrane stress responses. One sRNA, RydC, helps cells cope with membrane-disrupting stresses by promoting changes in the types of lipids incorporated into membranes. In this study, we identified a regulator, YieP, that controls when RydC is produced and additional sRNA regulators that modulate YieP levels and RydC activity. These findings illuminate a complex regulatory network that helps bacteria sense and respond to membrane stress.
Seasonal metabolic dynamics of microeukaryotic plankton: a year-long metatranscriptomic study in a temperate sea
Authors: Perneel Michiel , Lagaisse Rune , Mortelmans Jonas , Maere Steven , Hablützel Pascal I. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Seasonal fluctuations profoundly affect marine microeukaryotic plankton composition and metabolism, but accurately tracking these changes has been a long-standing challenge. In this study, we present a year-long metatranscriptomic data set from the Southern Bight of the North Sea, shedding light on the seasonal dynamics in temperate plankton ecosystems. We observe distinct shifts in active plankton species and their metabolic processes in response to seasonal changes. We characterized the metabolic signatures of different seasonal phases in detail, thereby revealing the metabolic versatility of dinoflagellates, the heterotrophic dietary strategy of
Phaeocystis
during its late-stage blooms, and stark variations in summer and fall diatom abundance and metabolic activity across nearby sampling stations. Our data illuminate the varied contributions of microeukaryotic taxa to biomass production and nutrient cycling at different times of the year and allow delineation of their ecological niches.

IMPORTANCE
Ecosystem composition and metabolic functions of temperate marine microeukaryote plankton are strongly influenced by seasonal dynamics. Although monitoring of species composition of microeukaryotes has expanded recently, few methods also contain seasonally resolved information on ecosystem functioning. We generated a year-long spatially resolved metatranscriptomic data set to assess seasonal dynamics of microeukaryote species and their associated metabolic functions in the Southern Bight of the North Sea. Our study underscores the potential of metatranscriptomics as a powerful tool for advancing our understanding of marine ecosystem functionality and resilience in response to environmental changes, emphasizing its potential in continuous marine ecosystem monitoring to enhance our ecological understanding of the ocean's eukaryotic microbiome.