bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internationalization patterns of small and medium‐sized enterprises
Authors: Kuivalainen Olli , Sundqvist Sanna , Saarenketo Sami , McNaughton Rod 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the conceptual frameworks and concepts with which the research on internationalization patterns of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) should be conducted.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive overview of concepts and a conceptual framework to study internationalization patterns of SMEs is offered.FindingsThe complexities of existing definitions and methodologies for researching internationalization patterns are highlighted, and a synthesis of the issues is provided. An integrative model of internationalization pathways, and their antecedents and outcomes is presented.Research limitations/implicationsIt is recommended that future research focuses especially on the time dimension of internationalization patterns. Future research can contribute to the literature by adopting a longitudinal approach with larger samples and more detailed cases to capture the dynamics of internationalization.Practical implicationsPractitioners might map their positions, and look for challenges and opportunities with regard to their chosen internationalization pattern. They can also benchmark other firms’ pathways and fine‐tune their own approach to internationalization.Originality/valueThe paper integrates a large body of research in an important research area in international marketing. It also provides guidance on how to conduct future research in the area, and introduces the content of this special issue of the International Marketing Review.
Prevalence and longitudinal trends of early internationalisation patterns among Canadian SMEs
Authors: Sui Sui , Yu Zhihao , Baum Matthias 
Published: August 2012

PurposeRecently, studies call for a more nuanced perspective on different internationalization patterns pursued by early internationalizers. These studies argue that most born global firms turn out to be born regional and that the proportion of true born global firms would be overestimated. Moreover, literature claims that the proportion of born global firms increases over time due to macroeconomic trends. The purpose of this paper is to investigate these assumptions by providing a dynamic perspective on the prevalence of different types of internationalization patterns among Canadian small and medium‐sized exporters (SMEs).Design/methodology/approachTo empirically examine the ideas above, the authors constructed a unique large‐scale longitudinal (1997‐2004) dataset. A multinomial logit model is employed to estimate a firm's predicted probability, Ceteris paribus, of choosing different internationalization patterns: born global, born regional, and gradual internationalization.FindingsIt is found that born global firms indeed account for a smaller proportion than born regional firms (16 per cent vs 27 per cent). However, evidence is found that born globals and born regionals are increasingly established over time and that macroeconomic factors seem to account for this development, at least partially.Originality/valueCombining a rigorous empirical analysis with a unique large‐scale longitudinal dataset, the paper addresses two fundamental research questions in the international entrepreneurship (IE) literature: which internationalization pattern prevails; and if the born global pattern is increasingly established over time. The paper therewith theoretically contributes by comparing the predictive value of different internationalization frameworks (international new venture (INV) framework, stage‐models and regionalization hypothesis), toward which there is considerable current debate.
Educational middle change leadership in New Zealand: the meat in the sandwich
Authors: Gregory Marshall Steven 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report findings from a larger study into the role of middle leaders of change in New Zealand higher education.Design/methodology/approachIn total, ten middle leaders from the New Zealand higher education sector took part in a recent research project which examined successful change leadership in higher education. As part of that larger study, each middle leader answered questions about their views on being in the “middle” in their change leadership roles and their views on middle leadership in general.FindingsThe ten middle leaders all described their place in their respective organisations in terms of being “caught in between”, or “sandwiched between” senior management to whom they were accountable, lecturers whom they described as colleagues or peers, and subordinates for whom they had some functional and often moral responsibility. The paper discusses the perceptions of being in the “middle” and how change leaders reconcile their position as a subordinate, an equal and a superior. Insight is gained into how educational leaders reconcile their position in the “middle” as they hold management responsibility for both academic and general staff who are hierarchically, beneath them; lead teams of colleagues in collegial decision making; and answer to higher authority in the form of senior organisational leadership.Research limitations/implicationsThe participant contributions of personal observations and unfolding real life stories which meld personal common sense with local meaning have formed a unique local ontology therefore allowing for a deeper understanding of the contributing factors toward being in the “middle”. Some of these perspectives have been used by the author's own organisation in the development of leadership training for future organisational change, particularly those aspects concerning communication and participation that are tailored to meet the unique needs of management and staff.Practical implicationsFor middle change leaders the focussed examination of the working relationship between middle change leaders and staff groups might prove to be a rich area of further study. These relationships take a variety of forms, including where a staff member has risen through the ranks (off the shop floor as it were) to take on the mantle of leadership, or simply where there is a shared understanding based on subject or professional backgrounds which binds the two together. Further investigation into these relationships may provide perspectives that enable leaders to develop a greater understanding of how change occurs.Originality/valueThe paper shows how the participants locate themselves as being “very much” in the middle in terms of line management of both resources and academic matters and often as being caught between competing imperatives, institutional dynamics and institutional structures.
Promoting empathy in social care for older people
Authors: Strandberg Thomas , Eklund Jakob , Manthorpe Jill 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify connections between empathy and social care and to describe aspects of empathy in social care work, by bringing together research from different fields.Design/methodology/approachFive doctoral theses which discussed empathy among care workers of older people in Sweden were analysed as a group. The theses had been published over the period 1996 to 2007. Methodologically, the examination underpinned an interpretive content analysis.FindingsThe meta‐analysis revealed conflicting feelings among care workers. Most experienced frustration when they were not able to express empathy in their working practices. Empathy was typically hindered by lack of time, care workers' own needs, and inflexible home care systems. However, a key element of the job‐satisfaction reported by care workers appeared to be its empathic nature. Most care workers perceive encounters with older people as opportunities to respond empathically rather than indifferently. The implications of these findings are discussed.Originality/valueThe study is an overview that attempts to build a bridge across the two concepts, social care and empathy. The main strength of this analysis is its originality of approach undertaking a specific literature review and reflecting on a subject that has not previously been explored in the Swedish context.
Personalising reablement: inserting the missing link
Authors: Newton Clive 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the ways in which reablement services can be made more effective by applying the learning from personalisation and person‐centred planning.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on the evidence from evaluation of reablement services; and from the evaluation of social rehabilitation services using task‐centred practice.FindingsThe paper finds that motivation is key to the success of reablement. Person‐centred approaches can ensure that motivation supports the achievement of outcomes.Practical implicationsReablement staff can, and should be, trained to identify personal goals with service users and use task‐centred approaches to achieve them. Partnership with voluntary organisations can help to deliver improved outcomes.Originality/valueThe paper brings together the lessons learned from reablement and from person‐centred practice to propose a more effective model of intervention.
Process management tasks and barriers: functional to processes approach
Authors: Aparecida da Silva Lucia , Pelogia Martins Damian Ieda , Inês Dallavalle de Pádua Silvia 
Published: August 2012

PurposeMigration from the traditional management model to the BPM (business process management) approach results in improved process performance. In order to promote BPM, it is necessary to have an organizational approach that defines the necessary tasks of the processes' project, day‐to‐day execution, and learning‐related tasks. In this aspect, there are difficulties and barriers to be confronted in a different way through organization. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the importance attributed to the tasks necessary for process management considering the way the management of these tasks and barriers found in order to change from functional management to process oriented management.Design/methodology/approachA case study was developed on two companies from the services sector. In‐depth interviews with managers from the companies studied were conducted.FindingsIt was identified that these companies found themselves at different levels of transition from the functional management process to process oriented management and that people and organizational cultures are presented in both organizations as the main barriers to changes within this management model.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is based on a broad bibliographical base in opposition to the limited capacity of empirical validation.Originality/valueThe paper describes an empirical case study which refers to BPM tasks and to the barriers that will be transposed in order to promote business process management. The research investigates which BPM tasks are executed and the importance of each task and even the barriers against changing the management.
Biogenic carbon emissions of integrated ethanol production
Authors: Väisänen Sanni , Valtonen Tuovi , Soukka Risto 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present greenhouse gas study results for biofuels produced with partial qualified utilisation of pulp wood or forest residues when integrated into kraft pulp mill systems. The impact of considering biogenic carbon on the results is also presented.Design/methodology/approachThe material and energy balances of the integrated ethanol production were simulated for the study with a mill‐wide simulation model. Data for the simulation were obtained from prehydrolysis and cooking experiments. The life cycle model for greenhouse gas calculation was created based on the simulation results. In this paper, the change of forest carbon stock caused by residue removal from forest soil and carbon delay of forest growth after stand felling were also taken into consideration, to discuss the true greenhouse gas emissions of forest biomass utilisation.FindingsThe emission reduction levels achieved with these ethanol fuels derived from forest biomass ranged from 80 to 90 per cent when biogenic carbon emissions were neglected.Originality/valueThe findings indicate that in both cases a significant percentage of the side flows containing energy can be utilised to produce excess electricity when the ethanol plant is integrated into the pulp mill. The findings also indicate that the carbon storage impact of forest biomasses affects significantly the emission values of both studied fuels and overturns the emission savings of prehydrolysed chip based ethanol.
Brain integration as a driver for quality management success
Authors: Lagrosen Yvonne , Travis Frederick T. , Lagrosen Stefan 
Published: August 2012

PurposeIn this paper, research leading to quality management success is examined, elaborated, and highlighted in a new profound way by focusing on the most fundamental aspect of the human dimension, the brain. The purpose is to examine the relationship between brain functioning and quality management success. In this examination, the role of core values, profound organizational learning and values of quality management are explained.Design/methodology/approachThe paper builds on a conceptual review of research in the areas of quality management success, values of quality management, core values and neurophysiology with focus on brain integration.FindingsThe relation of core values with brain functioning is described based on previous research. A framework with logical steps from brain integration, via core values, quality management values and quality management practices to quality management success is developed.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper adds to the understanding of the role brain integration has for success in quality management efforts. A limitation is that it only builds on previous research.Practical implicationsThe findings provide a deeper understanding of quality management success and should thus be valuable for quality managers and leaders striving for excellence for their organisations.Originality/valueThe importance and crucial role of brain integration for quality management success has not been elaborated in the literature of quality management before.
Value creation in international higher education
Authors: Julia Vauterin Johanna , Linnanen Lassi , Marttila Esa 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThis paper takes the stance that the continuous growth of international student degree mobility creates new opportunities for academia and business to collaborate to mutual advantage. To recognize, identify and exploit these opportunities, it is critically important to understand what boundaries stand between university‐industry partnering initiatives in international higher education (HE) and what interaction processes span these boundaries. The purpose of this paper is to develop a model of the boundary‐spanning functions and processes underpinning value marketing for strategic university‐industry partnering.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs interpretive phenomenological research methods. It takes an investigative case‐based approach, studying over time the boundaries, boundary roles and processes involved in university‐industry collaborative interaction in the context of Finnish international HE.FindingsThe findings suggest that conceptualization of the university‐industry boundary‐spanning processes in international HE needs to be extended to incorporate elements concerning the power, impact and management of the boundary roles. A better understanding and adequate managing of the boundary roles may help to decrease the perceived market demand uncertainty surrounding international HE. The findings also suggest that in‐depth research is needed for the development of a holistic understanding of how partnering for international HE is experienced.Originality/valueThis paper represents a first attempt to conceptualize university‐industry boundary‐spanning processes, both in a general manner and from a viewpoint of value creation in working partnerships between academia and business within the context of international HE.
CEO perspective
Authors: Crowley Kathleen 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to share the perspective of the founder and CEO of Edible Arrangements, Tariq Farid, while exploring the importance of life stories and authenticity to successful leadership and entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThe paper was based on a structured interview format. Tariq Farid's responses were used to guide and inform the discussion.FindingsThis paper presents the views of a successful Pakistani‐American. It found that a person's life stories and early socialization provide meaning and self‐awareness that are important to their success as a leader and an entrepreneur.Originality/valueThis paper offers the perspective of a CEO of a multinational corporation with first‐hand experience and knowledge of being a successful and innovative entrepreneur. His perspectives are valuable to the discussion on the influence of life stories, being authentic and the role of South Asian values and upbringing in honing leadership and entrepreneurship qualities.
A model for student mentoring in business schools
Authors: George Manju P. , Rupert Mampilly Sebastian 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe essence of management education lies in preparing and enabling the students to evolve cognitively, affectively and behaviorally into capable ones equipped to meet and manage challenges from within and outside their organisations or workplaces. Mentoring, as pedagogy, results in enhancing effectiveness of B‐schools (Institutions offering MBA program) in ensuring the transformation of students into professionals. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the formal and teacher‐initiated student mentoring in B‐schools in Kerala in terms of the designated activities, to establish effectiveness of mentoring as outcomes of faculty‐related antecedents and mentoring activities, and to demonstrate the effectiveness in terms of the psycho‐social changes of students.Design/methodology/approachThis research employed a conclusive approach that combined the features of descriptive and explanatory research designs. The respondents of the study comprised 141 permanent teachers, 327 first‐year students and 318 final‐year students enrolled in the management programs of 19 B‐schools in Kerala that had minimum five years of existence and approval of the All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE).FindingsThe study revealed that less than half of the B‐schools had implemented a mentoring program as part of their pedagogy. A structural equation model using the partial least square technique validated the conceptual model and the findings revealed that socio‐demographic characteristics, mentoring activities (teach the job, provide challenge, teach politics, career help, sponsor, career counseling and trust) influenced effectiveness of mentoring.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was conducted only among B‐schools, hence the research results may lack generalization. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed model further.Practical ImplicationsThe paper includes a conceptual framework employed for bringing about effectiveness of mentoring, proven to be valid and may be considered by B‐schools that are institutionalizing mentoring as an element of the pedagogy.Originality/valueThe paper bridges the perceptible lack of theoretical and empirical bases to explain the dynamics of student mentoring in management institutes in the country and will be an eye‐opener to management institutions which have not incorporated mentoring as part of their pedagogy.
DNA barcoding a regional fauna: Irish solitary bees
Authors: Magnacca Karl N. , Brown Mark J. F. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAs the globally dominant group of pollinators, bees provide a key ecosystem service for natural and agricultural landscapes. Their corresponding global decline thus poses an important threat to plant populations and the ecosystems they support. Bee conservation requires rapid and effective tools to identify and delineate species. Here, we apply DNA barcoding to Irish solitary bees as the first step towards a DNA barcode library for European solitary bees. Using the standard barcoding sequence, we were able to identify 51 of 55 species. Potential problems included a suite of species in the genus Andrena, which were recalcitrant to sequencing, mitochondrial heteroplasmy and parasitic flies, which led to the production of erroneous sequences from DNA extracts. DNA barcoding enabled the assignment of morphologically unidentifiable females of the parasitic genus Sphecodes to their nominal taxa. It also enabled correction of the Irish bee list for morphologically inaccurately identified specimens. However, the standard COI barcode was unable to differentiate the recently diverged taxa Sphecodes ferruginatus and S. hyalinatus. Overall, our results show that DNA barcoding provides an excellent identification tool for Irish solitary bees and should be rolled out to provide a database for solitary bees globally.
Prescription of nonselective NSAIDs, coxibs and gastroprotective agents in the era of rofecoxib withdrawal ‐ a 617 400‐patient study
Authors: Valkhoff V. E. , van Soest E. M. , Masclee G. M. C. , de Bie S. , Mazzaglia G. , Molokhia M. , Kuipers E. J. , Sturkenboom M. C. J. M. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryBackgroundGastroprotective strategies are recommended for nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) users at risk of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) complications.AimTo compare the use of gastroprotective strategies in NSAID users in three countries, and the subsequent impact of rofecoxib withdrawal.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study in three general practice (GP) databases: (i) United Kingdom's (UK) GP Research Database (1998–2008); (ii) Italy's (IT) Health Search/CSD Longitudinal Patient Database (2000–2007); and (iii) the Dutch (NL) Integrated Primary Care Information database (1996–2006). Study cohorts comprised incident NSAID users ≥50 years. Preventive strategies included: (i) co‐prescription of gastroprotective agents; or (ii) cyclooxygenase‐2‐selective inhibitor use. Under‐use was defined as no gastroprotection in patients with ≥1 UGI risk factor (history of UGI event, age ≥65 years, concomitant use of anticoagulants, antiplatelets or glucocorticoids). Interrupted time‐series analysis was performed to assess the impact of rofecoxib withdrawal on preventive strategies.ResultsThe study populations consisted of 384 649 UK, 177 747 IT and 55 004 NL NSAID users. In UK, under‐use of preventive strategies fell from 91% to 71% [linear trend (lt) P = 0.001], in NL from 92% to 58% (lt P < 0.001) and in IT from 90% to 76% (lt P = 0.38) in high‐risk NSAID users. In 2000 and 2006, under‐use was significantly lower in NL compared with UK and IT (P < 0.001) in high‐risk users. After rofecoxib's withdrawal, under‐use increased significantly in UK and NL.ConclusionsThe prescription of gastropreventive strategies followed a similar pattern across countries. Despite a temporary negative effect of rofecoxib withdrawal on under‐use, improvement of gastroprotection with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs was observed.