bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Th1 and Th2 polymorphisms in Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: de Souza Thayse Rodrigues , de Albuquerque Tavares Carvalho Alessandra , Duarte Ângela Pinto , Porter Stephen R. , Leão Jair C. , Gueiros Luiz Alcino 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundSjogren's syndrome is characterized by T‐cell infiltration of exocrine glands leading to parenchymal destruction and impaired glandular function. This process is orchestrated by cytokines, whose secretion can be regulated by genetic polymorphisms.Materials and MethodsThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of interleukin‐6 ‐174G/C, interleukin‐10 ‐1082G/A, tumor necrosis factor‐α ‐308G/A, interferon‐γ +874A/T gene polymorphisms in (RA) and secondary Sjögren's syndrome (sSS). A study sample that comprised of 138 Brazilian patients was divided into three groups: RA (n = 66), sSS (n = 20), and healthy controls – C (n = 52). Patients were subjected to Schirmer's test, unstimulated salivary flow rate, biopsy of minor salivary glands, and serological tests for diagnosing SS. Genomic DNA was obtained from saliva samples and submitted to genotyping. The association between genotypes/alelle frequency and SS susceptibility was tested, as well as their association with clinical features of SS.ResultsTumor necrosis factorα (TNFα)‐308GA polymorphisms differed significantly between AR, SS, and C patients (P = 0.008). IL‐6 overall G carriers and TNFα A carriers had a higher risk of presenting SS (P = 0.021). IL‐6 polymorphism distribution was also distinctive regarding lymphocytic infiltration at the minor salivary glands (P = 0.026) and Schirmer's test (P = 0.035).ConclusionThese results suggest that IL‐6 ‐174GC and TNFα‐308GA gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to SS. Additionally, IL‐6 polymorphism could influence lymphocytic infiltration of salivary glands and diminish lachrymal gland function.
Extending Color Psychology to the Personality Realm: Interpersonal Hostility Varies by Red Preferences and Perceptual Biases
Authors: Fetterman Adam K. , Liu Tianwei , Robinson Michael D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe color psychology literature has made a convincing case that color is not just about aesthetics, but also about meaning. This work has involved situational manipulations of color, rendering it uncertain as to whether color‐meaning associations can be used to characterize how people differ from each other. The present research focuses on the idea that the color red is linked to, or associated with, individual differences in interpersonal hostility. Across four studies (N = 376 undergraduates), red preferences and perceptual biases were measured along with individual differences in interpersonal hostility. It was found that (a) a preference for the color red was higher as interpersonal hostility increased, (b) hostile people were biased to see the color red more frequently than nonhostile people, and (c) there was a relationship between a preference for the color red and hostile social decision making. These studies represent an important extension of the color psychology literature, highlighting the need to attend to person‐based, as well as situation‐based, factors.
Protective effect of tomatine against hydrogen peroxide-induced neurotoxicity in neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells
Authors: Huang Shao-lan , He Hai-bo , Zou Kun , Bai Cai-hong , Xue Yan-hong , Wang Jun-zhi , Chen Jian-feng 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Objectives
Reactive oxygen species can induce cell apoptosis, and oxidative stress has been implicated in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. Tomatine, which is a naturally occurring steroidal glycoalkaloid isolated from Solanum cathayanum, has shown potent anti-oxidant properties.

Methods
In this study, we used the SH-SY5Y cell line as an in vitro model and investigated the protective effect of tomatine against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells.

Key findings
Tomatine might inhibit the release of cellular lactate dehydrogenase, increase anti-oxidant enzyme activity and glutathione content, reverse the downregulated protein expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), inhibit expression of Bax and activations of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cells.

Conclusions
Tomatine exerted beneficially neuroprotective effect on H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cells, mainly enhancing intracellular anti-oxidant enzyme activity and BDNF expression, inhibiting H2O2-induced oxidative stress as well as expression of Bax and activations of caspase-3 and caspase-9, alleviating H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury and cell death.
Interactions between valproic acid and quetiapine/olanzapine in the treatment of bipolar disorder and the role of therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Vella Thomas , Mifsud Janet 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Objectives
The anticonvulsant valproic acid and the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine and quetiapine provide synergistic mood-stabilising, antidepressant and antipsychotic activities in the treatment of bipolar and schizoaffective disorders. Existing literature shows that pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics drug–drug interactions (DDIs) possibly occur with the use of such a combination. Clinical reports of a possible interaction between the drugs leading to an increased risk of adverse drug reactions have also emerged. The main objective of this paper is to review the incidence of DDIs between the anticonvulsant and the antipsychotics, to postulate the possible mechanisms of the interaction and to establish whether certain target populations are at an increased susceptibility to such interactions. The usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of the antipsychotics to monitor for an interaction was also assessed. A systematic database search was carried out using the search engine provided by PubMed using the following key words: olanzapine, quetiapine, valproic acid, pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction, bipolar disorder, therapeutic drug monitoring.

Key findings
Evidence of a possible clinically relevant DDI between valproic acid and both antipsychotics has been uncovered. A possible mechanism for the interactions has been postulated, and the importance of TDM has been discussed.

Summary
Further research is required to determine whether DDIs occur with the concurrent use of valproic acid and olanzapine or quetiapine, and to investigate the potential of TDM as a clinical tool in improving pharmacotherapy and preventing toxicity.
Performance, serum amino acid concentrations and expression of selected genes in pair‐fed growing pigs exposed to high ambient temperatures
Authors: Morales A. , Grageola F. , García H. , Arce N. , Araiza B. , Yáñez J. , Cervantes M. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryHeat stress (HS) depresses pig performance mainly because of appetite reduction, although other factors involved in the cellular availability of nutrients may also contribute to that depression. An experiment was conducted with twelve pair‐fed pigs (30.3 ± 2.7 kg BW) to examine the effect of severe HS (up to 45 °C) on the expression of genes coding for two cationic amino acid (AA) transporters (b0,+AT and CAT‐1), leptin, heat‐shock protein (Hsp‐90) and myosin in several tissues; serum concentrations (SC) of AA; and performance. There were two treatments: Comfort, pigs housed at an average temperature of 22 (±2) °C; and HS, pigs housed in a similar room with no climate control, where temperature was raised up to 45 °C. All pigs received the same wheat–soybean meal diet and had similar daily feed intake. Comfort pigs had a higher daily gain and better gain/feed ratio than HS pigs (p < 0.05). The expression of b0,+AT in jejunum and liver, that of myosin in the Semitendinosus muscle, and leptin in adipose tissue was lower, but CAT‐1 in jejunum and liver, and Hsp‐90 in liver was higher in HS pigs. The SC of Lys and Met in HS pigs were around 55% and 20%, respectively, of that in Comfort pigs (p < 0.05). In conclusion, HS affects the expression of cationic AA transporters, myosin, Hsp‐90, leptin; the SC of Lys and Met; and the performance of pair‐fed pigs. These results suggest that HS‐related changes in gene expression affect the performance of pigs beyond the effect caused by the reduction in voluntary feed intake.
Rediscovery ofCystoathyrium chinenseChing (Cystopteridaceae): Phylogenetic placement of the critically endangered fern species endemic to China
Authors: WEI Ran , ZHANG Xian‐Chun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCystoathyrium chinenseChing, the sole representative ofCystoathyrium, is a critically endangered species endemic to China with no more than 40 extant individuals. Until now, its systematic position and relationships among leptosporangiate ferns remained unknown. The present study assessed the phylogenetic relationships ofCystoathyrium chinensewith potential relatives densely sampled using three chloroplast DNA markers (matK,rbcL, andtrnG‐Rintergenic spacer). Our results support the inclusion ofCystoathyriuminCystopteris. A hybrid origin hypothesis ofCystoathyrium chinenseis neither supported nor rejected by the present study. According to our ancestral area reconstruction analysis, the disjunct distribution ofCystoathyriumand its closely related North American taxa may be attributed to the long‐distance dispersal by way of Beringia. Consequently, a new combination (Cystopteris chinensiscomb. nov.) is made, and the description is supplemented based on our new observations in the field.
Postmodern Chinoiserie in Gene Luen Yang's American Born Chinese
Authors: Smith Philip 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper offers a synthesis and critique of the existing academic literature on Gene Luen Yang's American Born Chinese and an overview of Asian American alternative comics. It examines the range of literary and linguistic sources which Yang draws upon in his collage of Chinoiserie and Japonism. It presents the argument that existing criticism has failed to take into account the rising presence of Asian and Asian American characters and creators in American comics.
Re‐visioning the Colonial City: Local Autonomy versus the Aesthetics of Intermixtures in the Age of Circulating Print Culture
Authors: Sen Sambudha 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis essay engages critically with the theoretical investment that the eminent Indian historian Ranajit Guha makes in his reading of an early prose classic of Bengali literature – Hootum Pyanchar Naksha. For Guha, Hootum exemplifies the contrasting ways in which time was experienced in metropolitan London and in colonial Calcutta. I, on the other hand, work with the reference that Hootum makes to the subtitle of Charles Dickens's first published work to prise open certain visual traditions of articulating the city that developed in England through the 18th and 19th centuries. Focusing, thus, on the history of genres, I break out of the conventional postcolonial binaries and try to conceptualize the relationship between visual and literary representations of the metropolitan and colonial city as a complex process of multiple negotiations: of borrowings and erasures, and displacements and citations – that unfold within a single developing and always mutating field.
A perspective on the role of the pectoralis major flap in oral and maxillofacial oncology surgery
Authors: Avery C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn general, the pedicled pectoralis major (PPM) flap has become a secondary choice for reconstruction in the developed world while remaining popular within the developing world. The pectoralis major flap is utilised in varying proportions as either the preferred reconstruction or for salvage reconstruction following free flap failure, further disease or complications. Refinements in surgical technique and an experienced surgeon may yield high total flap success rates with modest levels of wound complications. The pectoralis major flap is particularly useful with serious or multiple comorbidities, advanced disease, and previous surgery and/or chemoradiotherapy. It has primarily been used for reconstruction of extended radical neck dissection, posterolateral mandible, large glossectomy and oropharyngeal defects, and occasionally together with a free flap. A second free flap has increasingly been used after initial failure, particularly in the larger centres, but the PPM flap probably remains the most commonly used salvage option. The needs of the local population vary, survival outcomes are improving and patient choice may become an increasing factor in flap selection.
From the Flos Substantiae to the Vortex: A Shift in Leibniz's Early Philosophy
Authors: De Tommaso Emilio Maria 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn February 1676, one of Leibniz's main concerns is with the problem of the seat of the soul and its relationship with the body, to which, in two very short papers, he provides two different solutions: the doctrine of the flos substantiae and the vortex theory. By analyzing the former, I suggest that, despite what other scholars claim, it is far from being an earlier exposition of the notion of monad. I argue that this doctrine is entertained by Leibniz only for a period, but is rejected later on and excluded from the final monadic system. This hypothesis seems to be supported by the shift to the notion of a vortex, which – despite having some evident pantheistic and monistic implications – offers a different solution to the problem of mind‐body union, by identifying the soul as the only cement of matter. In this article, by following the progress of such a shift, we discover some fascinating nuances in the young Leibniz's development.
The development of specific SNP markers for chromosome 14 in cotton using next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Chen Wei , Yao Jinbo , Chu Li , Li Yan , Guo Xiangmo , Zhang Yongshan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractLacking of reference genome sequence for the development of stable molecular markers for specific chromosomes (intervals) remains to be a challenge in cotton, which was a necessary step in fine mapping of gene (QTL). In this study, the feasibility of development of single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers between CS‐B14Sh (a substitution line for short arm of Chromosome 14) and TM‐1 (the recurrent parent) was explored using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) based on reduced representation libraries (RRLs). High‐quality genome sequences, representing about 7.1%, 8.8% and 10.4% of the tetraploid cotton genome, were generated for TM‐1, 3‐79 (the donor parent) and CS‐B14Sh, respectively. A total of 397 putative SNP markers were detected between CS‐B14Sh and TM‐1, and most (358) of them were also detected between TM‐1 and 3‐79. Allele‐specific PCR method was used for validation of 40 SNP markers, and 27 of them showed polymorphism between TM‐1 and CS‐B14Sh, and a linkage group comprising of 25 SNP markers and five SSR markers was constructed. The order of SNP markers agreed well with the position of them on Chr05 of D genome, which further approved the truth of SNPs detected. The results suggested that the development of SNP markers in specific genome region using NGS was efficient in substitution or near‐isogenic lines.
Cytokinin modulates proteomic, transcriptomic and growth responses to temperature shocks in Arabidopsis
Authors: ČERNÝ MARTIN , JEDELSKÝ PETR L. , NOVÁK JAN , SCHLOSSER ANDREAS , BRZOBOHATÝ BŘETISLAV 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAs sessile organisms, plants must sense environmental conditions and adjust their growth and development processes accordingly, through adaptive responses regulated by various internal factors, including hormones. A key environmental factor is temperature, but temperature‐sensing mechanisms are not fully understood despite intense research. We investigated proteomic responses to temperature shocks (15 min cold or heat treatments) with and without exogenous applications of cytokinin in Arabidopsis. Image and mass spectrometric analysis of the two‐dimensionally separated proteins detected 139 differentially regulated spots, in which 148 proteins were identified, most of which have not been previously linked to temperature perception. More than 70% of the temperature‐shock response proteins were modulated by cytokinin, mostly in a similar manner as heat shock. Data mining of previous transcriptomic datasets supported extensive interactions between temperature and cytokinin signalling. The biological significance of this finding was tested by assaying an independent growth response of Arabidopsis seedlings to heat stress: hypocotyl elongation. This response was strongly inhibited in mutants with deficiencies in cytokinin signalling or endogenous cytokinin levels. Thus, cytokinins may directly participate in heat signalling in plants. Finally, large proportions of both temperature‐shock and cytokinin responsive proteomes co‐localize to the chloroplast, which might therefore host a substantial proportion of the temperature response machinery.
Anterior cingulate cortex and cerebellar hemisphere neurometabolite changes in depression treatment: A 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Authors: Chen Li‐Ping , Dai Hai‐Yang , Dai Zhuo‐Zhi , Xu Chong‐Tao , Wu Ren‐Hua 
Published: January 2014

AimWe utilized single‐voxel 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine biochemical abnormalities related to major depressive disorder (MDD) in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and cerebellar hemisphere before and after antidepressant treatment.MethodsFifteen adult MDD patients and 15 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were involved. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain was conducted in all subjects at the beginning of the study and the depressed subjects were reassessed after 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment.ResultsAt baseline, N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA), total glutamine plus glutamate (Glx) and myo‐inositol (MI) levels in the bilateral ACC were significantly lower in MDD patients than in controls (P < 0.05/3). MI in the bilateral cerebellar hemisphere were also decreased in patients compared with controls. After the treatment, the lower NAA, Glx and MI in ACC were normalized in MDD patients and the NAA and Glx increased compared to baseline values. The MI levels in the bilateral cerebellar hemisphere were also normalized in patients. MI and choline levels in the right cerebellar hemisphere were elevated compared to those at baseline.ConclusionOur study suggests that metabolic abnormalities in the ACC and cerebellar hemisphere are implicated in MDD. Antidepressants may alter the local metabolic abnormalities in these areas.
Definition and stabilisation of the quiescent centre in rice roots
Authors: Ni J. , Shen Y. , Zhang Y. , Wu P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe definition of a quiescent centre (QC) in Arabidopsis has been adequately demonstrated. However, the QC structure of rice has not yet been described in detail. In this research, using histological and marker gene expression analysis, we concluded that the rice QC is very small, and is similar to that of Arabidopsis. Next we investigated the stability of the rice QC during nutrient deficiencies or external hormone treatments, and found that nutrient deficiencies, auxin treatment and cytokinin treatment did not change the cell patterns of the QC. However, ethylene induced irregular transverse cell divisions in the QC and changed formative cell divisions of the ground tissue stem cells (GTSCs) in rice.
Auxin conjugated to fluorescent dyes – a tool for the analysis of auxin transport pathways
Authors: Sokołowska K. , Kizińska J. , Szewczuk Z. , Banasiak A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAuxin is a small molecule involved in most processes related to plant growth and development. Its effect usually depends on the distribution in tissues and the formation of concentration gradients. Until now there has been no tool for the direct tracking of auxin transport at the cellular and tissue level; therefore the majority of studies have been based on various indirect methods. However, due to their various restrictions, relatively little is known about the relationship between various pathways of auxin transport and specific developmental processes. We present a new research tool: fluorescently labelled auxin in the form of a conjugate with two different fluorescent tracers, FITC and RITC, which allows direct observation of auxin transport in plant tissues. Chemical analysis and biological tests have shown that our conjugates have auxin‐like biological activity and transport; therefore they can be used in all experimental systems as an alternative to IAA. In addition, the conjugates are a universal tool that can be applied in studies of all plant groups and species. The conjugation procedure presented in this paper can be adapted to other fluorescent dyes, which are constantly being improved. In our opinion, the conjugates greatly expand the possibilities of research concerning the role of auxin and its transport in different developmental processes in plants.
Host specificity and genetic diversity of race 4 strains of Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Kumar A. , Prameela T. P. , Suseelabhai R. , Siljo A. , Anandaraj M. , Vinatzer B. A. 
Published: January 2014

Ralstonia solanacearum race 4 isolates were obtained from Zingiberaceae plants in India during bacterial wilt outbreaks. Polyphasic phenotypic and genotypic analysis revealed intraracial diversity and dominance of biovar 3 over biovar 4. Biovar 3 strains were isolated from very severely wilted Zingiberaceae plants in the field and found to be present across diverse geographical, host and seasonal boundaries. It was hypothesized that these isolates belong to a single, ‘fast wilting’, lineage. Using one ‘fast wilting’ isolate in controlled inoculations, rapid wilt was observed in ginger within 5–7 days. Wilting was also observed in several other closely and distantly related hosts such as turmeric (Curcuma longa), aromatic turmeric (Curcuma aromatica), black turmeric (Curcuma caesia), sand ginger (Kaempferia galanga), white turmeric (Curcuma zeodaria), awapuhi (Zingiber zerumbet), greater galangal (Alpinia galanga), globba (Globba sp.), small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) and large cardamom (Ammomum subulatum) of the Zingiberaceae family, and in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Molecular analysis, including multiplex PCR‐based phylotyping, sequence analysis of 16S rDNA, 16–23S intergenic spacer and the recN gene, and multilocus sequence typing, revealed minimal differences between fast wilting isolates, confirming that almost all belong to the same lineage. Biovar 4 was isolated from plants showing slow wilt progression and self‐limiting wilting in restricted geographical locations instead, and was identified to be genetically distinct from the fast wilting biovar 3 isolates. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of host range and genetic analysis of R. solanacearum race 4 in India.