bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Onychomycosis in Canada in 2014
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Paquet Maryse 
Published: March 2015

Background Onychomycosis has several clinical presentations and is caused by various infectious organisms. Objective To provide guidance for selection of appropriate treatment. Methods The literature on onychomycosis management was reviewed to generate an evidence-based decision tree. Results and Conclusion Several options are available: terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole, ciclopirox 8% nail lacquer, efinaconazole 10% nail solution, and laser therapy. Further studies on lasers are needed before use can be recommended. Nondermatophyte molds or mixed infection can be managed with terbinafine or itraconazole with or without topicals. Itraconazole, fluconazole, and efinaconazole can be used for Candida infection. For dermatophytes, topicals can be considered for mild to moderate onychomycosis. For moderate to severe cases, any oral monotherapy can be used; however, we suggest terbinafine if there is a possibility of a drug interaction. These recommendations can be applied for all ages, immune function, or metabolic status, but proper monitoring and contraindications should be taken into consideration.
Dermatologic Surgical Pearls Part 4: Tips for Full-Thickness Skin Grafts
Authors: Nantel-Battista Melissa , Murray Christian 
Published: March 2015

Dermatologic surgery procedures can sometimes be time consuming in an office setting. We present a series of tips for dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons that will enhance the efficiency of skin graft procedures. Les interventions en chirurgie dermatologique peuvent parfois prendre beaucoup de temps en cabinet. Seront présentés aux dermatologues et aux chirurgiens dermatologues une serie de conseils qui auront pour effet d'accroître l'efficacité des operations touchant les greffes de peau.
Paradoxical, Cupping-Induced Localized Psoriasis: A Koebner Phenomenon
Authors: Vender Reid , Vender Ronald 
Published: March 2015

Background Cupping therapy is a traditional Chinese medicine used to heal psoriasis. The Koebner phenomenon is the occurrence of psoriatic lesions at the site of cutaneous injury. Objective To describe the first case of biopsy-proven cupping-induced localized psoriasis, an example of the Koebner phenomenon. Methods The histopathology of the lesions is described. A brief review of the literature regarding cupping therapy and its efficacy are discussed. Results A 45-year-old Asian male presented himself to the dermatology clinic for further treatment of his psoriasis. Four unusually circular plaques on the lower back were discovered. Pathologic diagnosis revealed an early lesion of psoriasis. on further inquiry, the patient admitted to undergoing a recent ‘'cupping'’ procedure in an attempt to cure his condition. Conclusion The efficacy of cupping therapy is controversial, and psoriatic patients may develop localized psoriasis through koebnerization as a result of cupping therapy rather than achieve desirable therapeutic benefits.
Recall Dermatitis to Metronidazole
Authors: Mussani Farheen , Skotnicki Sandy 
Published: March 2015

Background and Objective Recall dermatitis is an uncommon entity that has been noted with patch testing, repeat exposures to a medication or allergen, and the concurrent use of ultraviolet radiation and certain medications. Recall dermatitis from primary cutaneous exposure and subsequent oral exposure are rare, and the etiology remains unknown. Conclusion We report a case of recall dermatitis with a drug eruption secondary to metronidazole. Therapy with this medication was initially topical for rosacea and subsequently oral for a gastrointestinal infection. This case draws attention to the use of metronidazole and the risk of recall dermatitis. Contexte et objectif La dermatite immunitaire secondaire est une affection rare, qui s'observe a la suite de la realisation de tests epicutanes, de reexpositions à des medicaments ou a des allergenes ou encore de l'emploi concomitant des rayons ultraviolets et de certains medicaments. La dermatite immunitaire secondaire, liee a une premiere exposition a une substance par voie cutanee et à une exposition ultérieure par voie orale a cette même substance est un phénomène rare, de cause inconnue. Conclusions Sera expose ici un cas de dermatite immunitaire secondaire, se manifestant par une eruption d'origine médicamenteuse, consecutive à l'utilisation du metronidazole. Le medicament avait été employe une premiere fois par voie topique pour traiter la rosacee et une deuxième fois par voie orale pour traiter une infection gastro-intestinale. Ce cas attire l'attention sur l'utilisation du metronidazole et sur le risque de dermatite immunitaire secondaire.
High Rate of Spontaneous Normalization of Celiac Serology in a Cohort of 446 Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Prospective Study
Authors: Castellaneta Stefania , Piccinno Elvira , Oliva Marica , Cristofori Fernanda , Vendemiale Marcella , Ortolani Federica , Papadia Francesco , Catassi Carlo , Cavallo Luciano , Francavilla Ruggiero 
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVE
In children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), elevated levels of antitissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibody may spontaneously normalize, despite continued consumption of gluten. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of spontaneous normalization of anti-tTG levels and the existence of factors predictive for this outcome.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
All children referred from 2002 to 2012 were screened for celiac disease (CD) at diabetes onset and at specific intervals. In the presence of a high anti-tTG titer or clinical symptoms, children were offered endoscopy, and asymptomatic patients with a low anti-tTG titer were invited to a second serological test after 6 months of eating a gluten-containing diet.

RESULTS
The study included 446 children. Of these, 65 (14.5%) became positive for celiac serology: 38 (58%) had a persistently elevated anti-tTG titer and 27 (41%) fluctuating anti-tTG titer; 18 (28%) became negative. The prevalence of positive CD autoimmunity and overt CD was 14.3% (95% CI 11–17) and 8.5% (95% CI 5–10), 15- and 8-times higher than the general pediatric population, respectively. Asymptomatic children older than 9.1 years at T1DM onset had the lowest risk to develop CD.

CONCLUSIONS
Serum anti-tTG levels decreased spontaneously in 40% of children with T1DM and became negative in 20%, despite gluten consumption. This finding supports the hypothesis of a state of temporary positivity of celiac serology in children with diabetes. In absence of clinical symptoms or signs of CD, histological confirmation of the disease and the gluten-free diet should be postponed to avoid unnecessary procedures and reduce an additional psychological burden.
Regional Lifestyle Segmentation in the Western Balkans
Authors: Husić-Mehmedović Melika , Čičić Muris , Agić Emir 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
With this paper the authors aim not only to investigate the lifestyle specifics of the Western Balkan market, but also to define common lifestyle segments for the entire region. The question addressed in this research is whether current political issues and economic differences have led to dissimilar ways of living, or whether cultural similarities have prevailed and lifestyles can be defined accordingly.
Based on the research conducted using six underlying factors, three lifestyle clusters are identified. Analysis shows that there are three almost identical lifestyles for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia, and they are applicable to the entire region. These findings have significant managerial implications, as potential investors can apply identical marketing strategies to target the approximately 20 million consumers in the region.
Explaining the Undeclared Economy in Bulgaria: an Institutional Asymmetry Perspective
Authors: Williams Colin C. , Franic Josip , Dzhekova Rositsa 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper proposes a way of explaining the undeclared economy that represents participation in undeclared work as a violation of the social contract between the state and its citizens, and as arising when the informal institutions comprising the norms, values and beliefs of citizens (civic morality) do not align with the codified laws and regulations of a society’s formal institutions (state morality). Drawing upon evidence from 1,018 face-to-face interviews conducted in Bulgaria during 2013, the finding is that the greater is the asymmetry between formal and informal institutions (i.e., citizens’ civic morality and state morality), the greater is the likelihood of participation in the undeclared economy, and vice versa. The outcome is that tackling the undeclared economy requires a focus upon reducing this lack of alignment of formal and informal institutions. How this can be achieved in Bulgaria in particular and South-East Europe and beyond more generally, is then discussed.
New Generation of High Strength Sour Service Drill Pipe: A Breakthrough Innovation to Address Ultradeep and Extended - Reach Drilling Challenges Combined With H2S Environments
Authors: Flores Vincent Pierre , Rodrigues Ricardo , Godeke Keneth , Thebault Florian 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
"Sour Service" refers to a well environment containing Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), which is naturally associated with acid conditions. It is well known that H2S is hazardous to human health, living organisms, and more generally to the environment. It is for this reason that wells found with Sour Gas were often carefully plugged and abandoned in the past. H2S can also lead to catastrophic brittle failure of drillstring components: the physical phenomenon associated with Sour Service Environments and affecting steel based products under applied or residual stress is known as H2S embrittlement or more specifically as Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC).
With the increasing demand of gas worldwide, some highly sour oil and gas reservoirs are being explored, mainly in Russia, the Middle East, China and North America, and are now more and more associated with complex well profiles – such as deep reservoirs or extended reach wells. The use of high strength drill pipe is essential to achieve such drilling objectives; however it does represents significant technical challenges in terms of drill pipe integrity and operational safety with the current high strength grades available on the market, such as S-135 drill pipe. Because higher strength is generally detrimental to Sulfide Stress Cracking, innovative chemistries and new heat treatment processes are needed to push Sour Service material limits even further.
A new high strength drill pipe family has been developed to specifically address those challenges: these new grades exhibit a minimum Yield Strength (120 ksi) higher than the current Sour Service grades available on the market as described by the current industry standards (95ksi or 105 ksi Specified Minimum Yield Strength). In order to guarantee the SSC resistance of these high strength materials, pipes and tool joints are tested as per the NACE standards. A first string of this high strength material is already being commercialized and used for the first time in offshore wells in the North Sea.
Recognising the Effective Parameters and their Influence on Candidate-Well Selection for Hydraulic Fracturing Treatment by Decision Making Method
Authors: Mehrgini Behzad , Memarian Hossein , Fotouhi Akbar , Moghanian Mozhgan 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Obviously, improving hydrocarbon production concerning the increased demand of hydrocarbon is essential. Matrix stimulation and hydraulic fracturing (HF) are two common methods for reservoir stimulation, which are intended to improve the flow connection of the wellbore with reservoir body. Beside the remarkable effects of HF on production recovery, regarding to the size of the operation, HF treatment requires huge capital investments. In order to efficiently mitigate the risk of HF treatment, choosing the best candidate well is the first step of this process. Multi criteria decision making (MCDM) methods provide us a powerful tool to evaluate parameters, especially when some parameters are qualitative and experts' knowledge based. In this study, first 14 effective parameters have been recognized by a decision makers' committee for choosing the candidate wells. Then the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) has been applied for assigning the quantitative weight of each parameter on candidate well selection. By mentioned procedure, the productivity is defined as the most significant factor while water cut and production method are the least influencing parameters in the candidate well selection.
Choosing an excellent candidate for treatment often ensures success, while selecting a poor candidate will normally end in failure. In this regard, a comprehensive approach is so vital to recognize the most effective parameters and their influence which is practically presented in this research.

1. Introduction
While, due to the pressure decline, the recovery rate of Iranian hydrocarbon reservoirs is lowering, demand for crude oil and its products are growing up fast. In this challenging situation, implementing supplementary production methods to increase the rate of recovery in a short time is indispensable. It should be noted that the oil and gas industry is aiming to reach a rate of recovery of 50% for oil and more than 80% for gas (Rückheim et al., 2005).
Reservoir stimulation, especially hydraulic fracturing (HF) is one of the main activities, which aims to enhance hydrocarbon recovery by the faster delivery of the petroleum fluid. Fundamentally, HF by improving the connections of the wellbore with the reservoir, helps wells to produce hydrocarbon fluides more quickly (Economides and Nolte, 2000; Daneshy, 2010). Although HF treatment has significant effects on hydrocarbon production recovery, it requires huge capital investments. So, the potential risk of failure must be recognized and mitigated before operation. Generally the first step of pre-operation deliberation is selecting a target well and a target formation. Choosing an excellent candidate for treatment often ensures success, while choosing a poor candidate will normally end in failure (Vincent, 2011; Malik et al., 2006).
Geochemistry as a Powerful Tool in Oil Exploration: A Case Study from the Karstified Reservoirs of the Middle East: SW Iran
Authors: Mehrabi Hamzeh , Rahimpour-Bonab Hossain , Navidtalab Amin 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The Cretaceous-aged reservoirs of Iran and their counterparts on the Arabian platform are among the most important carbonate reservoirs developed under the warm equable climate. Intense tectonic activities combined with the eustatic sea-level changes caused sporadic exposures of these carbonate successions in SW Iran and some other areas of the Middle East.
Under the domination of warm and humid climate and long-term exposures, several erosional disconformities formed throughout these successions. To investigate these palaeoexposure surfaces, petrographic and geochemical studies were carried out in four subsurface sections of giant and supergiant oilfields located in northern and southern parts of the Dezful Embayment.
Some of the most important diagenetic features (such as extensive meteoric dissolution/karstification, palaeosol development, and collapsed-dissolution brecciation) were used as evidence for recognition of main palaeoexposure surfaces and associated karsts.
Isotopic composition (δ13C and δ18O) and trace element concentrations of these carbonate rocks were used to elaborate the effects of these surfaces on diagenetic evolutions of palaeo-karstic Bangestan reservoirs. Both carbon and oxygen isotope ratios show a spectacular decline just below these disconformities in comparison with the expected values for the simultaneous marine carbonates, indicating that the Bangestan carbonates underwent extensive meteoric diagenesis. Elemental concentrations (Mn, Fe, and Sr) also point to moderate to intense meteoric diagenetic alterations associated with the palaeoexposure surfaces.

Introduction
Palaeoexposures have had an irrefutable role in the formation of carbonate reservoir rocks under warm equable conditions (Weidlich, 2010; Mazzullo, 2004). These reservoir rocks ?namely palaeo-karstic carbonates? host an important portion (20 to 30%) of the world's hydrocarbon (Mazzullo and Chilingarian, 1992; Mazzullo, 2004). Owing to the influences of palaeoexposure surfaces on the reservoir quality of carbonates, they must be traced through rock record by considerable changes in facies characteristics, diagenetic features, paleontological evidence, and of the most importance, geochemical tracers (Immenhauser et al., 2000; Weissert et al., 2008).
Abiogenic and most of biogenic carbonate sediments precipitate geochemically in equilibrium with their contemporaneous sea waters (Veizer et al., 1999). Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions change through carbonate alterations. Ancient and modern exposure surfaces indicate a clumped variation in oxygen and carbon isotope compositions. Weight of eo-diagenetic alteration on the isotopic composition of carbonates is mainly controlled by several factors including soil-gas CO2, primary mineralogy and geochemical composition, meteoric waters characteristics, exposure duration, and system openness (Hudson, 1977; Allan and Matthews, 1982).
LWD Image Logging Advances: High-Resolution Images Acquired in Highly Resistive Formation
Authors: El Wazeer Fathy , Baradi Ali , El Farouk Omar 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Continued technological advances have made logging-while-drilling (LWD) technologies a reliable and widely used class of tools to evaluate and describe the reservoir. High-resolution imaging-while-drilling, in particular, offers a detailed view of fractures, vugs, faults, bedding planes, and other borehole features in deviated and horizontal wells.
One benefit of imaging-while-drilling is the ability to evaluate the formation in real time. This can provide better well placement in the target formation. However, unlike many conventional logging tools that can be used in a wide range of conductive and non-conductive mud environments, resistivity imaging tools require special considerations to obtain high-quality data. Drilling fluid resistivity is one of the important considerations to be verified when a micro-imaging log is planned.
In the Arabian Gulf, the most common muds used for drilling horizontal wells are non-damaging fluid (NDF) systems that use calcium chloride to weight the mud. This brine mud is highly conductive, which can cause the emitted current of a micro-imager to flow into the mud instead of the formation, which results in poor image data quality. If a highly conductive mud is combined with a moderate- to high-resistive formation, the image quality can further deteriorate. While a mud system with lower conductivity (such as barite-based mud) is preferred when imaging high resistivity formations, the use of such a mud system may not be possible.
Several ADCO wells with various mud and formation conditions were drilled with a new micro-imaging tool. This tool features a unique button design that creates multiple image resolutions and depths of investigation, which improves the chances of obtaining a high-quality image in various drilling conditions.
While the resulting images from these wells varied, the tool enabled the development of a logging and integrated geoscience solution to overcome the mud and formation challenges and provide better reservoir characterization.
This extended abstract reviews the micro-imager's deployment, the considerations that need to be reviewed before a micro-imaging job commences, and the integrated solution that was developed for imaging highly resistive formations.
Pore Scale Modeling and Its Advantage for Enhanced Oil Recovery of Near Miscible Three-Phase Flow WAG Flooding in Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Gibrata Muhammad Antonia , Van Dijke Rink , Geiger Sebastian 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Pore Scale modeling in carbonate reservoir is challenging and important for getting an accurate reservoir characterization, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and reservoir management. In this case, 3D pore-scale modeling for immiscible and near miscible three phase flow in gas and water alternating gas (WAG) flooding of carbonate reservoir. It is useful to predict and guide SCAL based to access effects on pore-scale and EOR of field scale.
A Research has been started in carbonate reservoir with water alternating gas (WAG) injection activity which has various heterogeneity conditions such as: porosity, permeability, relative permeability, cementation, saturation exponent, rock types, fluid types/contacts, interfacial tension, wettability and capillary pressure. Inaccurate to characterize and model of these reservoir properties and fluid will lead to give high uncertainty of reservoir characterization, minimum oil recovery and reservoir management concern.
The reliable pore-scale modeling approach is needed by the data integration of various sources such as those from petrophysical, reservoir, geology and geophysical data. Research and utilize of X-ray CT in micro and nano to capture the 3D network structure of representative reservoir rock properties. In prediction and guide SCAL based; investigation the effects (sensitivity) of interfacial tensions, contact angles, wettability and spreading coefficient into miscibility on the oil layers between gas and water in a fully interconnected three-phase flow pore-network model. Utilize thermodynamic criteria for rock properties and oil layers, which affect the oil relative permeability at low oil saturation for accurate prediction of residual oil and maximize oil recovery.
In 3D Pore scale modeling workflow; validation with SCAL-lab, up scaling to well logs and field with utilizing logs, formation pressure/sampling/testing and combination with structural data of geology-seismic are necessary in field scale modeling approach. It will provide reliable rock type/properties for a reservoir dynamic model. The special approach needs to be developed and used in simulation model for getting appropriate relative-permeability, rock type/properties and water saturation in Gas and Water Alternating Gas (WAG) flooding of carbonate reservoirs. Thus it can give an accurate and robust of reservoir characterization, maximize oil recovery and reservoir management.