bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ga content and growth temperature on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film deposited on heat‐resistant glass substrates
Authors: Higuchi Takashi , Usami Noritaka , Minemoto Takashi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films were deposited on the Mo/heat‐resistant glasses (SS‐8, Nippon Electric Glass) by the three‐stage evaporation process. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of SS‐8 is 8.4×10–6/K, strain point of SS‐8 is 582 °C. SS‐8 has the CTE similar to that of SLG but higher thermal tolerance. Substrate temperature (Tsub) during deposition and Ga/(In+Ga) atomic ratio of CIGS thin films were controlled to 550∼600 °C and 0∼0.7, respectively. The effect of Tsub and Ga/(In+Ga) atomic ratios of CIGS films have been characterized by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements. Grain size and ∑3 grain boundary ratio increased at higher Tsub. ∑3 grain boundary ratio was calculated from the fraction of the length of ∑3 grain boundary by the length of the total grain boundaries on EBSD image. There was the correlation among Ga contents, Tsub, grain size and efficiency. It is difficult to distinguish between effect of grain size and effect of grain boundary to efficiency. However, it is found that high Ga content up to 0.7 results in both high efficiency and ∑3 grain boundary ratio. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
In situ ellipsometric study of the three‐stage process in CuInSe2 film deposition
Authors: Shirakata Sho , Takahashi Toshihiro , Matsunaga Hiroaki 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn Situ ellipsometric study has been carried out during the deposition of the CuInSe2 thin film by means of the three‐stage process. A rotator analyzing ellipsomerter using a 632.8 nm He‐Ne laser was used. Ellipsometric parameters (Ψ and Δ) and reflectivity R was obtained during the entire deposition stages, in which a complex reflection coefficient is ρ=tanΨ exp(iΔ). Cu, In and Se were deposited on the Mo‐coated SLG substrate. At the first‐stage (In‐Se deposition), the In‐Se film deposition rate and its reflactive index has been obtained on the basis of the light interference. At the second‐stage, changes in both Ψ and Δ are observed. Based on the X‐ray diffraction measurement, these changes are related to the stoichiometric composition of the film from In‐rich to Cu‐rich. This signal was utilized as a process switch from the second‐stage to the third‐stage. At the third stage, the weak change in Ψ has been observed showing the change of the stoichiometric composition from the Cu‐ rich to the In‐rich. By means of the in situ ellipsometry‐controlled three‐stage process, the CuInSe2 layer with single phase chalcopyrite structure has successfully been prepared, which exhibits an intense near‐band‐edge photoluminescence at 0.998 eV at room temperature. The preliminary fabricated ZnO/CdS/CuInSe2 solar cell exhibited a conversion efficiency of 5.6%. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Rapid direct preparation of Cu2ZnSn(S1–x,Sex)4 films using microwave irradiation
Authors: Kaigawa Ryuji , Hirata Satomi , Sasaki Muneo , Klenk R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCu2ZnSn(S1−x,Sex)4 (CZTSSe) solid solution films were prepared on Ti foils by means of non‐vacuum, instantaneous, direct synthesis from elemental Cu, Zn, Sn, S, and Se precursor films using microwave irradiation. XRD patterns and Raman scattering spectra show that the resulting films consist of CZTSe crystals. The lattice constants of CZTSSe decreased in direct proportion to the S/(S+Se) ratio almost satisfying Vegard's law. Resulting films were relatively compact and continuous in the inner part. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films grown by spray pyrolysis: characterization by Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Gurieva G. , Guc M. , Bruk L. I. , Izquierdo‐Roca V. , Pérez Rodríguez A. , Schorr S. , Arushanov E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by spray pyrolysis a fast, cost effective and vacuum‐free method. X‐ray fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy and grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction, were used to characterize the obtained thin films. The analysis of these data showed a close to stoichiometry composition of the films and CZTS adopts the kesterite type structure but with poor crystalline quality and possible existence of secondary phases, such as ZnS and Cu2SnS3. An annealing procedure in presence of elemental Sn and S was applied in order to improve the quality of the films. The annealing leads to an improvement of the crystalline quality of the thin films. The lattice parameters a and c of the annealed CZTS thin films were obtained as result of the Rietveld analysis of the gracing incidence X‐ray diffraction data. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
0.4 J/10 ns/10 kHz‐4 kW coherent beam combined laser using stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugation mirrors for industrial applications
Authors: Kong Hong Jin , Park Sangwoo , Cha Seongwoo , Kim Jom Sool 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA laser system that can produce 0.4 J/10 ns/10 kHz‐4 kW using a coherent beam combination with stimulated Brillouin scattering phase conjugate mirrors (SBS‐PCMs) is proposed. The 4 kW coherent beam combination laser system consists of a front‐end system, a pre‐amplifier module, a coherent beam divider/combiner, and 4 main amplifier modules. The front‐end system produces 1064 nm @ 10 kHz laser pulses, and it is amplified by the pre‐amplifier. After the pre‐amplifier module, the laser beam is divided into 4 sub‐beams. Each sub‐beam is amplified by the main amplifier module in a double‐pass configuration and reflected by SBS‐PCMs. Sub‐beams are combined by a coherent beam combiner, and the output of the total system is designed to be 4 kW. With this 4 kW laser module, high‐speed 2D holographic laser processing will be utilized. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of transparent ceramics by millimeter‐wave sintering
Authors: Bykov Yury , Egorov Sergey , Eremeev Anatoly 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe distinctive features of the millimeter‐wave sintering which make a method appealing for fabrication of optical ceramics are discussed. Among them are the absence of high temperature resistive heaters and the problem of their service life, favorable for elimination of porosity the inverse temperature distribution inherent in the volumetric microwave heating, highly uniform distribution of the millimeter‐wave energy in applicators allowing for the sintering of large‐size articles. This paper reports the results of the research on fabrication of optically transparent ceramics of compositions Nd:Y2O3, Yb:YAG, and Yb:(LaY)2O3 using a gyrotron‐based set‐up operating at frequency of 24 GHz. The green bodies of different compositions were compacted from powders produced by different methods: Nd:Y2O3 from the powder synthesized by laser evaporation of the target, Yb:YAG from a mixture of commercial powders, Yb:(LaY)2O3 from powder fabricated by self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis. Laser oscillation was obtained from the sintered samples of all compositions. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experiments on Laguerre‐Gaussian modes selection in ceramic lasers
Authors: Senatsky Yu. , Bisson J.‐F. , Li J. , Shirakawa A. , Thirugnanasambandam M. , Ueda K. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA study on Laguerre‐Gaussian (LG) modes selection in cw and pulsed Nd:YAG or Yb:YAG ceramic lasers pumped by diodes or an external laser source was carried out. Methods of scalar and vector LG modes selection from low to high orders, involving shaping of the pump profile, usage of intra‐cavity lenses, uniaxial crystals and polarization selective mirrors, are considered. CCD camera images of beam profiles of hollow scalar LGpm modes (p ‐radial, m ‐azimuth indices) of record high‐orders and Bessel‐like multi‐ring modes with highly directional propagation properties are presented. CW and pulsed ceramic lasers with radially or azimuthally polarized LG vector modes of low and high orders are also demonstrated. Applications of the developed laser schemes and LG beams are discussed. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Progress in fluoride laser ceramics
Authors: Doroshenko Maxim E. , Demidenko Alexey A. , Fedorov Pavel P. , Garibin Evgeniy A. , Gusev Pavel E. , Jelinkova Helena , Konyshkin Vasiliy A. , Krutov Mikhail A. , Kuznetsov Sergey V. , Osiko Vyacheslav V. , Popov Pavel A. , Shulc Jan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA variety of Er3+‐, Tm3+‐, and Yb3+‐activated CaF2‐, SrF2‐, (Ca, Sr)F2‐ and (Sr, Ba)F2‐based fluoride laser ceramics have been prepared by the hot‐forming technique. Lasing of the SrF2:Yb3+, (Ca, Sr)F2:Er3+, (Ca, Sr)F2:Tm3+, (Ba, Sr)F2:Tm3+ and (Ba, Sr)F2:Yb3+ specimens with diode pumping has been observed for the first time. Thermal conductivity data for the above fluorite‐type laser materials are also presented and discussed. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Real‐Time Activity Bioassay of Single Osteoclasts Using a Silicon Nanocrystal‐Impregnated Artificial Matrix
Authors: Alsharif Naif H. , Al‐Said Said A. Farha , Birch Mark A. , Horrocks Benjamin R. , Datta Harish K. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe lack of an in vitro real‐time osteoclast (OC) activity assay has hampered mechanistic studies of bone resorption. Such an assay is developed, employing a hydroxyapatite matrix impregnated with alkyl‐capped silicon nanocrystals, which is capable of monitoring the time‐course of resorption by single osteoclasts. Resorption of the matrix by OC releases the nanocrystals, which are internalized by the cell and detected as an increase in OC luminescence. This particular choice of nanocrystals is motivated by their bright pH‐independent luminescence, proportional to concentration, and by their rapid uptake without cytotoxicity. In this in vitro assay, OCs are inhibited by calcitonin (CT) and methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (MCD), and stimulated by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL) in the expected manner. The kinetics of the assay exhibit a lag phase representing cell attachment and commencement of resorption processes, followed by a growth of cell luminescence intensity, and the whole time‐course is satisfactorily described by the logistic equation.
Intertwined Nanocarbon and Manganese Oxide Hybrid Foam for High‐Energy Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Wei , Guo Shirui , Bozhilov Krassimir N. , Yan Dong , Ozkan Mihrimah , Ozkan Cengiz S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRapid charging and discharging supercapacitors are promising alternative energy storage systems for applications such as portable electronics and electric vehicles. Integration of pseudocapacitive metal oxides with single‐structured materials has received a lot of attention recently due to their superior electrochemical performance. In order to realize high energy‐density supercapacitors, a simple and scalable method is developed to fabricate a graphene/MWNT/MnO2 nanowire (GMM) hybrid nanostructured foam, via a two‐step process. The 3D few‐layer graphene/MWNT (GM) architecture is grown on foamed metal foils (nickel foam) via ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition. Hydrothermally synthesized α‐MnO2 nanowires are conformally coated onto the GM foam by a simple bath deposition. The as‐prepared hierarchical GMM foam yields a monographical graphene foam conformally covered with an intertwined, densely packed CNT/MnO2 nanowire nanocomposite network. Symmetrical electrochemical capacitors (ECs) based on GMM foam electrodes show an extended operational voltage window of 1.6 V in aqueous electrolyte. A superior energy density of 391.7 Wh kg−1 is obtained for the supercapacitor based on the GMM foam, which is much higher than ECs based on GM foam only (39.72 Wh kg−1). A high specific capacitance (1108.79 F g−1) and power density (799.84 kW kg−1) are also achieved. Moreover, the great capacitance retention (97.94%) after 13 000 charge–discharge cycles and high current handability demonstrate the high stability of the electrodes of the supercapacitor. These excellent performances enable the innovative 3D hierarchical GMM foam to serve as EC electrodes, resulting in energy‐storage devices with high stability and power density in neutral aqueous electrolyte.
A comparison of D2 receptor specific binding in obese and normal‐weight individuals using PET with (N‐[11C]methyl)benperidol
Authors: Eisenstein Sarah A. , Antenor‐Dorsey Jo Ann V. , Gredysa Danuta M. , Koller Jonathan M. , Bihun Emily C. , Ranck Samantha A. , ArbelÁez Ana Maria , Klein Samuel , Perlmutter Joel S. , Moerlein Stephen M. , Black Kevin J. , Hershey Tamara 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTPrevious PET imaging studies have demonstrated mixed findings regarding dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability in obese relative to nonobese humans. Nonspecific D2/D3 radioligands do not allow for separate estimation of D2 receptor (D2R) and D3 receptor (D3R) subtypes of the D2 receptor family, which may play different roles in behavior and are distributed differently throughout the brain. These radioligands are also displaceable by endogenous dopamine, confounding interpretation of differences in receptor availability with differing levels of dopamine release. The present study used PET imaging with the D2R‐selective radioligand (N‐[11C] methyl)benperidol ([11C]NMB), which is nondisplaceable by endogenous dopamine, to estimate D2R specific binding (BPND) and its relationship to body mass index (BMI) and age in 15 normal‐weight (mean BMI = 22.6 kg/m2) and 15 obese (mean BMI = 40.3 kg/m2) men and women. Subjects with illnesses or taking medications that interfere with dopamine signaling were excluded. Striatal D2R BPND was calculated using the Logan graphical method with cerebellum as a reference region. D2R BPND estimates were higher in putamen and caudate relative to nucleus accumbens, but did not differ between normal‐weight and obese groups. BMI values did not correlate with D2R BPND. Age was negatively correlated with putamen D2R BPND in both groups. These results suggest that altered D2R specific binding is not involved in the pathogenesis of obesity per se and underscore the need for additional studies evaluating the relationship between D3R, dopamine reuptake, or endogenous dopamine release and human obesity. Synapse 67:748–756, 2013.. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mathematizing Read‐Alouds in Three Easy Steps
Authors: Hintz Allison , Smith Antony T. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDiscussing and exploring concepts is an important element of literacy and mathematics instruction in elementary classrooms. Read‐alouds provide an opportunity for teachers to engage students in meaningful discussion. This article describes a quick three‐step process for mathematizing books, that is, weaving together read‐alouds, discussion, and mathematics in order to maximize student learning using a variety of literary and informational texts. A planning sheet, list of example books, and samples of student work are included.
Mono‐oxo‐bis‐dithioveratrol‐molybdate – in Solution a Model for Arsenite Oxidase and in the Solid State a Coordination Polymer with Unprecedented Binding Motifs
Authors: Döring Alexander , Fischer Christian , Schulzke Carola 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMono‐oxo‐bis‐dithioveratrol‐molybdate was synthesized, structurally characterized, and investigated with respect to its oxo‐transfer activity. The latter was compared with the activity of the analogous tungsten complex. The title complex is a structural model for molybdopterin bearing arsenite oxidase and both complexes catalyze oxo‐transfer reactions successfully to 100 % conversion. With the dithioveratrol ligand the oxidation of triphenylphosphine proved to be faster for the tungsten complex, which is untypical. The solid‐state structure of the molybdenum complex exhibits an unexpected and very unusual polymeric structural motif consisting of the complex anion mono‐oxo‐bis‐dithioveratrol‐molybdate, sodium cations, and methanol. Infinite double‐decker strands are formed with sodium bridges between the ether functions of two ligands in one strand and the Mo=O moiety of the second strand.
Community-Partnered Cluster-Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Trial of Community Engagement and Planning or Resources for Services to Address Depression Disparities
Authors: Wells Kenneth B. , Jones Loretta , Chung Bowen , Dixon Elizabeth L. , Tang Lingqi , Gilmore Jim , Sherbourne Cathy , Ngo Victoria K. , Ong Michael K. , Stockdale Susan , Ramos Esmeralda , Belin Thomas R. , Miranda Jeanne 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Depression contributes to disability and there are ethnic/racial disparities in access and outcomes of care. Quality improvement (QI) programs for depression in primary care improve outcomes relative to usual care, but health, social and other community-based service sectors also support clients in under-resourced communities. Little is known about effects on client outcomes of strategies to implement depression QI across diverse sectors.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the effectiveness of Community Engagement and Planning (CEP) and Resources for Services (RS) to implement depression QI on clients’ mental health-related quality of life (HRQL) and services use.

DESIGN
Matched programs from health, social and other service sectors were randomized to community engagement and planning (promoting inter-agency collaboration) or resources for services (individual program technical assistance plus outreach) to implement depression QI toolkits in Hollywood-Metro and South Los Angeles.

PARTICIPANTS
From 93 randomized programs, 4,440 clients were screened and of 1,322 depressed by the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) and providing contact information, 1,246 enrolled and 1,018 in 90 programs completed baseline or 6-month follow-up.

MEASURES
Self-reported mental HRQL and probable depression (primary), physical activity, employment, homelessness risk factors (secondary) and services use.

RESULTS
CEP was more effective than RS at improving mental HRQL, increasing physical activity and reducing homelessness risk factors, rate of behavioral health hospitalization and medication visits among specialty care users (i.e. psychiatrists, mental health providers) while increasing depression visits among users of primary care/public health for depression and users of faith-based and park programs (each p < 0.05). Employment, use of antidepressants, and total contacts were not significantly affected (each p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Community engagement to build a collaborative approach to implementing depression QI across diverse programs was more effective than resources for services for individual programs in improving mental HRQL, physical activity and homelessness risk factors, and shifted utilization away from hospitalizations and specialty medication visits toward primary care and other sectors, offering an expanded health-home model to address multiple disparities for depressed safety-net clients.
Wernicke's encephalopathy after chemoradiotherapy for tongue cancer: Report of a case
Authors: Kawabe Mutsuki , Noguchi Kazuma , Kishimoto Hiromitsu , Urade Masahiro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA case of acute Wernicke’s encephalopathy induced by thiamine deficiency due to malnutrition subsequent to chemoradiotherapy for tongue cancer is presented. A 63‐year‐old male patient had severe oral mucositis and mental stress in a long‐term hospitalization for chemoradiotherapy of tongue cancer. After discharge from hospital, he had alcoholism and malnutrition. Three months later, disturbance of consciousness and ataxia followed by memory disturbance appeared. Laboratory examination revealed low serum level of thiamine. The symptoms, laboratory data, and magnetic resonance imaging suggested acute Wernicke’s encephalopathy. The patient was intravenously administered thiamine and received nutritional control, thereby the symptoms were improved.
Seasonality and disturbance: annual pattern and response of the bacterial and microbial eukaryotic assemblages in a freshwater ecosystem
Authors: Jones Adriane Clark , Liao T. S. Vivian , Najar Fares Z. , Roe Bruce A. , Hambright K. David , Caron David A. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryHigh‐throughput pyrosequencing ofSSU rDNAgenes was used to obtain monthly snapshots of eukaryotic and bacterial diversity and community structure at two locations inLakeTexoma, a low salinity lake in the south centralUnitedStates, over 1 year. The lake experienced two disturbance events (i) a localized bloom ofPrymnesium parvumrestricted to one of the locations that lasted fromJanuary toApril, and (ii) a large (17 cm), global rain event in the beginning ofMay, overlaid onto seasonal environmental change. Eukaryotic species richness as well as both eukaryotic and bacterial community similarity exhibited seasonal patterns, including distinct responses to the rain event. TheP. parvumbloom created a natural experiment in which to directly explore the effects of anEcosystemDisruptiveAlgalBloom (EDAB) on the microbial community separated from seasonal changes. Microbial species richness was unaffected by the bloom, however, the eukaryotic community structure (evenness) and the patterns of both eukaryotic and bacterial community similarity at bloom and non‐bloom sites were statistically distinct during the 4 months of the bloom. These results indicate that physical and biological disturbances as well as seasonal environmental forces contribute to the structure of both the eukaryotic and bacterial communities.
Tooth wear and associated risk factors in a sample of Australian primary school children
Authors: Fung A , Messer L Brearley 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundAnecdotally, tooth wear is increasing, perhaps attributable to diet. The irreversible surface loss may result in sensitivity and loss of form and function. Little data exist on the prevalence of tooth wear in Australian children. This study investigated consumption of potentially erosive foods and drinks, examining the prevalence, distribution of tooth wear and associations in a sample of children.MethodsParents of 350, 6–12‐year‐olds reported their child's oral hygiene, dietary intake, medical and dental histories; 154 children (subsample) were examined. Associations were studied with single and multivariable analyses.ResultsTooth wear was parentally reported for 17% (59 children of the study population) and observed in 66% (102 of the subsample), particularly affecting primary teeth. Significant risk factors for parentally reported tooth wear were: consuming 2–4 cups soft drink/day (OR = 9.52), citrus flavoured sweets/gums ≥1/day (5.10), citrus fruits 1–2/wk (4.28); tooth grinding (5.32); medical condition present (2.48); male gender (2.80). Drinking 2–4 cups fruit juice/day was a significant risk factor for both parentally reported (3.23) and observed tooth wear (3.97).ConclusionsTooth wear appeared under‐reported as some parents were unaware their child's teeth were affected. Significant risk factors for tooth wear were identifiable from children's histories. Risk factors should be addressed early so that tooth wear in the primary dentition does not affect permanent teeth.