bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unethical prosocial behaviour and self‐dehumanization: The roles of social connectedness and perceived morality
Authors: Wang Jingyan , Zhang Hong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnethical prosocial behaviour (UPB) refers to acts where people violate widely held moral rules to benefit others. In light of previous research on the association between immoral behaviours and dehumanization, we examined whether and how engaging in UPB would impact the tendency to self‐dehumanize. Across four studies (valid N = 1640), we found that UPB led to less self‐dehumanization than unethical proself behaviour, which was mediated sequentially by social connectedness and perceived morality (Studies 2–4). Moreover, the comparison between UPB and ethical prosocial behaviour indicated that UPB did not necessarily lead to more self‐dehumanization than ethical prosocial behaviour (Study 4). Although UPB was rated as less moral, it was associated with similar levels of social connectedness as ethical prosocial behaviour. These results have significant implications for research on morality and dehumanization and highlight the role of social connectedness in reducing dehumanization.
Different power perceptions based on socially situated needs: Findings from a qualitative study among Asian Americans
Authors: Jeong Hu Young , Vollhardt Johanna Ray , Twali Michelle S. , Tawa John 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile power is often defined and operationalized as control or influence over others, alternative conceptualizations define power as the ability to meet various fundamental needs. We argue that this conceptualization may better capture how marginalized minority group members understand their group's power or powerlessness. However, there is little research examining how people themselves construe group‐based power. The present study, therefore, used qualitative inquiry to examine perceived ingroup power among Asian Americans, an underrepresented racial minority group with an ambivalent power status in society. Reflexive thematic analysis of 25 interviews illustrated the relevance of Prilleltensky's (J. Community Psychol., 36, 2008, 116) psychopolitical conceptualization of power. Specifically, we identified eight themes that reflect various context‐specific construals of power as oppression, wellness and liberation. Additionally, the findings suggest the need to consider intragroup heterogeneity in power and to situate how power is understood in the given sociopolitical, structural context.
Brain and plasmatic CLUSTERIN are translational markers of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Tournier Benjamin B. , Ceyzériat Kelly , Marteyn Antoine , Amossé Quentin , Badina Aurélien M. , Tsartsalis Stergios , Herrmann François R. , Zekry Dina , Millet Philippe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEarly diagnosis of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) by peripheral biomarkers remains a challenge; many have been proposed, but none have been evaluated in a prospective manner. CLUSTERIN (CLU), a chaperone protein expressed in the brain and found in relatively high concentrations in plasma, is a promising candidate. CLU contributes to the elimination of β‐amyloid (Aβ), which is associated to neurofibrillary tangles and to the genetic risk for AD. We performed a longitudinal measurement of CLU in the brain and the plasma in 3xTgAD mice. Assessment of CLU was also conducted in 12‐month‐old TgF344‐AD rats. In humans, brain CLU was measured in non‐demented and in AD subjects. The plasma CLU was longitudinally measured in four cohorts defined as healthy controls that remained stable, healthy controls that presented a cognitive decline between the two measures, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) that presented a cognitive decline between the two measures and AD. A validation cohort composed of 19 MCI was used and plasma CLU was measured before and after conversion in AD. Increases in CLU were measured in the hippocampus of 3xTgAD and TgF344‐AD animals in the absence of plasmatic changes. CLU is heterogeneously expressed in the hippocampus in non‐demented individuals and increased in AD. In the plasma, two CLU levels were measured: low in controls and MCI, and high in AD. To validate that the elevation in CLU is associated with conversion to AD, a replication study showed, in a second group MCI patients converting to AD in the follow‐up that CLU levels increased in 16/19 individuals. The increase in brain CLU occurs in AD models as in humans, and seems to precede plasma variations, which could make it an AD therapeutic target. Plasma CLU seems to be a promising marker of cognitive decline, and its association with AD may be a useful complementary diagnostic tool.
Assessing motivational interviewing integrity in the Toddler Oral Health Intervention study
Authors: van Spreuwel Peggy C. J. M. , Voets Esther , Bruijning Janna , van Loveren Cor , van der Heijden Geert J. M. G. , Jerković‐Ćosić Katarina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe Toddler Oral Health Intervention (TOHI) was launched in 2017 to promote oral health prevention at well‐baby clinics, with a focus on parents with children aged 6–48 months. This study aims to evaluate the integrity of motivational interviewing (MI) as one of the core intervention pillars in the TOHI study.MethodsThe TOHI study was conducted at nine well‐baby clinics in the central and southern regions of the Netherlands, with 11 trained oral health coaches (OHCs) delivering a tailored individual counselling programme. Audio recordings of counselling sessions were uploaded by the OHCs into an online portal for feedback and integrity evaluation purposes. A trained independent assessor evaluated MI integrity using the MITI 4.2.1 coding scale. IBM SPSS Statistics was used to analyse the data, with ratings on technical and relational components and behavior counts computed by adding up the scores and categorizing them into six key MI skills. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages and median scores with interquartile ranges, were calculated.ResultsThe median ratings on the technical and relational components were 2.5 (IQR 2.0–3.5) and 3.5 (IQR 3.0–4.0) out of a maximum of 5, with 45% and 58% of recordings showing fair or good MI integrity, respectively. A median of 38% (IQR 25–55%) of complex reflections and a reflection‐to‐question ratio of 0.7 (IQR 0.4–1.0), with 47% and 24% of recordings showing fair or good MI integrity, respectively. Median counts of MI‐adherent and non‐adherent statements were 3.0 (IQR 2.0–5.0) and 0.0 (IQR 0.0–1.0), respectively. The duration of recordings and MI integrity varied among oral health coaches.ConclusionOverall, this study revealed that, while intensive training was provided, not all OHCs in the TOHI study met fair thresholds for MI integrity. These findings emphasize the necessity of ongoing training, reflection and support to achieve and maintain a fair or good level of MI integrity in clinical practice.
Artistic Style Transfer Based on Attention with Knowledge Distillation
Authors: Al‐Mekhlafi Hanadi , Liu Shiguang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractArtistic style transfer involves the adaption of an input image to reflect the style of a reference image while maintaining its original content. This technique, now a prominent focus due to its prospective use in creative fields like digital art and graphic design, typically applies normalization techniques and attention mechanisms. While these methods yield decent results, they often fall short due to distortion of content image details and non‐artefact styles. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach that synergizes adaptive instance normalization (AdaIN), attention mechanisms, knowledge distillation (KD) and strategically placed internal layers, and new enhancements designed to preserve content details and provide a nuanced control over the style transfer process. We introduce a Detail Enhancement Module to amplify high‐frequency details in the content image, enhancing edge and texture preservation. A Multi‐scale Strategy is implemented to ensure uniform style application across various detail levels, leading to more coherent stylization. The Content Feature Refinement process refines content features, sharpening and emphasizing details to preserve structural and textural integrity. AdaIN's distinctive feature of efficiently collecting style data is exploited in our approach, coupled with attention mechanisms' inherent ability to conserve content information. We supplement this blend with KD for the enhancement of model accuracy and efficiency. Additionally, the introduction of internal layers acts as a conduit to further improve the style transfer process, increasing the transfer level of features and fostering better stylized results. The cornerstone of our technique lies in preserving the content structure amidst complex style transfers. Experimental results affirm the superior performance of our method over existing techniques in both quantitative and qualitative evaluations.
Effects of hard‐ and/or soft‐tissue grafting with early implant placement: Histomorphometric outcomes of an exploratory study in canines
Authors: Lim Hyun‐Chang , Lee Kwang‐Seok , Jung Ronald E. , Naenni Nadja , Jung Ui‐Won , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo histomorphometrically determine the effects of hard‐ and/or soft‐tissue augmentation by applying the early implant placement protocol.Materials and MethodsThe distal roots of the maxillary second and third premolars were extracted in 10 mongrel dogs. After 1 month, early implant placement was performed in the distal roots, resulting in buccal dehiscence defects. Four treatments were then randomly applied: (1) guided bone regeneration (GBR), (2) connective tissue grafting (CTG), (3) simultaneous GBR and CTG (GBR + CTG) and (4) no further treatment (control). Healing abutments were connected to all implants to allow non‐submerged healing. At 4 and 16 weeks, tissue sections were harvested and histomorphometric analyses were performed.ResultsGroup GBR presented the largest total tissue thickness at 4 weeks, but underwent a greater remodelling compared with the other groups between 4 and 16 weeks. At 16 weeks, the overall tissue thickness was largest in group GBR + CTG. This group was also the most favourable in terms of the level of the margo mucosae and the presence of mineralized tissue at the coronal level. Group CTG demonstrated a stable tissue thickness over time, with a larger thickness at 16 weeks compared with group GBR.ConclusionSimultaneous CTG and GBR resulted in the most‐favourable tissue thickness when applying the early implant placement protocol.
Decreased complexity of glucose time series index associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Liang Guiling , Lai Mengyu , Wang Yaxin , Li Na , Kang Mei , Lu Jingyi , Su Yanmei , Fang Fang , Peng Yongde , Xu Xianming , Weng Jianrong , Zhou Jian , Wang Yufan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimWe investigated the relationship between the complexity of the glucose time series index (CGI) during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, 388 singleton pregnant women with GDM underwent continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) at a median of 26.86 gestational weeks. CGI was calculated using refined composite multiscale entropy based on CGM data. The participants were categorized into tertiles according to their baseline CGI (CGI <2.32, 2.32‐3.10, ≥3.10). Logistic regression was used to assess the association between CGI and composite adverse outcomes or large for gestational age (LGA). The discrimination performance of CGI was estimated using receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsOf the 388 participants, 71 (18.3%) had LGA infants and 63 (16.2%) had composite adverse outcomes. After adjustments were made for confounders, compared with those with a high CGI (CGI ≥3.10), participants with a low CGI (CGI <2.32) had a higher risk of composite adverse outcomes (odds ratio: 12.10, 95% confidence interval: 4.41‐33.18) and LGA (odds ratio: 12.68, 95% confidence interval: 4.04‐39.75). According to the receiver operating characteristic analysis, CGI was significantly better than glycated haemoglobin and conventional CGM indicators for the prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes (all p < .05).ConclusionA lower CGI during pregnancy was associated with composite adverse outcomes and LGA. CGI, a novel glucose homeostasis predictor, seems to be superior to conventional glucose indicators for the prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with GDM.
Does size matter? Exploring the influence of body size on predator–prey relationships, hunting mode and prey characteristics in Neotropical fishes
Authors: Garcia Thiago Deruza , Strictar Larissa , Fugi Rosemara , Vidotto‐Magnoni Ana Paula 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of diverse capture mechanisms during foraging allows predators to select their preys and succeed in their capture, with the least energy expenditure possible. In this context, we seek to understand how prey selection mechanisms exhibited by freshwater fish piscivores relate to their foraging mode. The study was carried out in the floodplain of the Upper Paraná River, where fish were captured from March 2006 to June 2013. The fish were identified and measured, their stomachs were removed, and the stomach contents were analysed. Quantile regressions were used to evaluate possible effects and relationships between the sizes of piscivores and their prey. A significant positive effect on the predator–prey size relationship was observed, indicating an increased size of consumed prey with increased size of piscivore, mainly for Acestrorhynchus lacustris, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, Hoplias intermedius, Hoplias mbigua, Hoplias sp. 2, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, Rhaphiodon vulpinus and Salminus brasiliensis. Ambush predators were more likely to consume slow‐moderate and fast prey, while pursue predators only consume fast prey. Several mechanisms can influence a piscivore's foraging behaviour, and body size is an important factor for both the piscivore and its prey. From the prey's point of view, the way they swim and the complexity of the habitat are important characteristics to ensure their survival. For piscivores, the foraging mode will influence the type of prey consumed, depending on the prey's swimming mode.
Assessment of decay caused by Trametes flavida and Daldinia eschscholtzii on several hardwood species
Authors: Ador Md. Ahosan Habib , Ahmed Romel , Dey Biplob , Haque Mohammed Masum Ul 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWood‐decay fungi are major contributors to damage wood and logs, resulting in substantial economic losses. This study assessed the decay caused by Trametes flavida and Daldinia eschscholtzii on Gmelina arborea, Samanea saman, Albizia lebbeck, Acacia auriculiformis and Swietenia mahagoni. Both fungi demonstrated their ability to decay wood. However, the extent of damage varied significantly among the tested hardwood species. Findings showed that Trametes flavida caused greater wood mass and density loss than Daldinia eschscholtzii. Among the tested hardwood species, G. arborea was found to be more susceptible to the decay fungi, followed by S. saman, A. lebbeck, A. auriculiformis and S. mahagoni, respectively. The study will encourage the scientific management of timber and logs in sawmill depots to minimize the decay of wood and incurred economic loss.
Fungi associated with necrotic and asymptomatic galls of Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and the adults of its parasitoid Torymus sinensis in chestnut growing areas of Turkey
Authors: Çakar Deniz , Akıllı Şimşek Seçil , Maden Salih 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe chestnut gall wasp (CGW) Dryocosmus kuriphilus is a serious pest of chestnuts (Castanea sativa) in many chestnut growing areas in Turkey. Out of 200 galls randomly collected from four different areas of Yalova and Giresun provinces, 116 showed necrosis, while 84 were asymptomatic. Fungi associated with the necrotic and asymptomatic galls were determined based on morphology and DNA sequencing. Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi, Colletotrichum acutatum, Penicillium glabrum, Botrysphaeria dothidea, Trichoderma atroviridea, and Botrytis cinerea were found on 49, 11, 10, 8, 7, and 1 necrotic galls, respectively. On the other hand, G. smithogilvyi, Fusarium proliferatum, Aureobasidium sp., C. godetiae, Rhizopus stolonifer, P. glabrum, C. acutatum, Cladosporium sp., Alternaria spp., and Aspergillus sp. were hosted by 37, 35, 15, 14, 12, 8, 6, 3, 1, and 1 asymptomatic galls, respectively. Seven fungi, G. smithogilvyi, C. acutatum, F. proliferatum, B. dothidea, Cryphonectria parasitica, Diplodina castanea, and Penicillium sp. were isolated from 31, 6, 4, 1, 1, 1, and 1 of the dead larvae of D. kuriphilus, respectively. Two fungi, F. proliferatum and Penicillium sp., were isolated from the adults of Torymus sinensis, a parasitoid of CGW. Pathogenicity of G. smithogilvyi, C. acutatum, and F. proliferatum detected from dead larvae of D. kuriphilus and galls was tested on young chestnut saplings: the former two produced necrosis while the third one did not.
Challenges in the most challenging course as perceived by the students of health sciences during the Covid‐19 pandemic: What are they and who were struggling the most?
Authors: Diep Anh Nguyet , Philippe Geneviève , Counasse Ludivine , Hubert Philippe , Donneau Anne‐Françoise 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe immediate shift to remote teaching or distance learning, due to COVID‐19 management strategies, most notably limited in‐person contact, was abruptly implemented in universities worldwide. This process was demanding for both the instructors and the students, notwithstanding. The present study examined the challenges in a course attributed as the most challenging during the Covid‐19 pandemic by health sciences students of different socio‐demographic backgrounds, life circumstances, educational background and academic achievement (N = 743). A questionnaire was designed and translated to French employing the forward‐backward translation method. The factor structure and reliability were examined by Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Chi‐square tests with post‐hoc examinations using adjusted standardized residuals and z‐tests of independent proportions were performed to investigate the group differences. Participants were bachelor and master students of Medicine, Pharmacy, Biomedicine, Physiotherapy, Public Health, Motor Sciences (Physical Education) and Dentistry from the University of Liege, Belgium. Results revealed that the most three reported challenges were difficult learning content, course intensity, feeling of stress and worry. Additionally, online learning implementation due to Covid‐19 measures, feeling of failure (not having learnt what was supposed to be learnt) and lack of instructors’ interaction and support were mentioned as the prominent challenges encountered. Furthermore, more bachelor, full‐time and female students, students who were in early stages of the learning trajectory and low and averaged achievers reported experiencing challenges with difficult learning content, course intensity, stress and online learning. The findings, thus, emphasized the role of faculty‐led and instructors’ support in the early stages of students’ learning trajectory and adequate attention to their well‐being if online learning is to be institutionalized.
Mortality among veterans with epilepsy: Temporal significance of traumatic brain injury exposure
Authors: Roghani Ali , Wang Chen‐Pin , Henion Amy , Amuan Megan , Altalib Hamada , LaFrance W. Curt , Baca Christine , Van Cott Anne , Towne Alan , Kean Jacob , Hinds Sidney R. , Kennedy Eamonn , Panahi Samin , Pugh Mary Jo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy is associated with significant mortality risk. There is limited research examining how traumatic brain injury (TBI) timing affects mortality in relation to the onset of epilepsy. We aimed to assess the temporal relationship between epilepsy and TBI regarding mortality in a cohort of post‐9/11 veterans.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included veterans who received health care in the Defense Health Agency and the Veterans Health Administration between 2000 and 2019. For those diagnosed with epilepsy, the index date was the date of first antiseizure medication or first seizure; we simulated the index date for those without epilepsy. We created the study groups by the index date and first documented TBI: (1) controls (no TBI, no epilepsy), (2) TBI only, (3) epilepsy only, (4) TBI before epilepsy, (5) TBI within 6 months after epilepsy, and (6) TBI >6 months after epilepsy. Kaplan–Meier estimates of all‐cause mortality were calculated, and log‐rank tests were used to compare unadjusted cumulative mortality rates among groups compared to controls. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAmong 938 890 veterans, 27 436 (2.92%) met epilepsy criteria, and 264 890 (28.22%) had a TBI diagnosis. Mortality was higher for veterans with epilepsy than controls (6.26% vs. 1.12%; p < .01). Veterans with TBI diagnosed ≤6 months after epilepsy had the highest mortality hazard (HR = 5.02, 95% CI = 4.21–5.99) compared to controls, followed by those with TBI before epilepsy (HR = 4.25, 95% CI = 3.89–4.58), epilepsy only (HR = 4.00, 95% CI = 3.67–4.36), and TBI >6 months after epilepsy (HR = 2.49, 95% CI = 2.17–2.85). These differences were significant across groups.SignificanceTBI timing relative to epilepsy affects time to mortality; TBI within 6 months after epilepsy or before epilepsy diagnosis was associated with earlier time to death compared to those with epilepsy only or TBI >6 months after epilepsy.
Preclinical efficacy profiles of the sigma‐1 modulator E1R and of fenfluramine in two chronic mouse epilepsy models
Authors: Pérez‐Pérez Daniel , Monío‐Baca Cristina , von Rüden Eva‐Lotta , Buchecker Verena , Wagner Amelie , Schönhoff Katharina , Zvejniece Liga , Klimpel Dennis , Potschka Heidrun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveGiven its key homeostatic role affecting mitochondria, ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, and voltage‐gated ion channels, sigma‐1 receptor (Sig1R) represents an interesting target for epilepsy management. Antiseizure effects of the positive allosteric modulator E1R have already been reported in acute seizure models. Although modulation of serotonergic neurotransmission is considered the main mechanism of action of fenfluramine, its interaction with Sig1R may be of additional relevance.MethodsTo further explore the potential of Sig1R as a target, we assessed the efficacy and tolerability of E1R and fenfluramine in two chronic mouse models, including an amygdala kindling paradigm and the intrahippocampal kainate model. The relative contribution of the interaction with Sig1R was analyzed using combination experiments with the Sig1R antagonist NE‐100.ResultsWhereas E1R exerted pronounced dose‐dependent antiseizure effects at well‐tolerated doses in fully kindled mice, only limited effects were observed in response to fenfluramine, without a clear dose dependency. In the intrahippocampal kainate model, E1R failed to influence electrographic seizure activity. In contrast, fenfluramine significantly reduced the frequency of electrographic seizure events and their cumulative duration. Pretreatment with NE‐100 reduced the effects of E1R and fenfluramine in the kindling model. Surprisingly, pre‐exposure to NE‐100 in the intrahippocampal kainate model rather enhanced and prolonged fenfluramine's antiseizure effects.SignificanceIn conclusion, the kindling data further support Sig1R as an interesting target for novel antiseizure medications. However, it is necessary to further explore the preclinical profile of E1R in chronic epilepsy models with spontaneous seizures. Despite the rather limited effects in the kindling paradigm, the findings from the intrahippocampal kainate model suggest that it is of interest to further assess a possible broad‐spectrum potential of fenfluramine.