bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of delayed‐type hypersensitivity to Candida albicans and anti‐epstein‐barr virus antibody among children in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Authors: Wander Katherine , Shell‐Duncan Bettina , Brindle Eleanor , O'Connor Kathleen 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWe evaluated sex, age, nutritional status, and infectious disease (ID) as predictors of two biomarkers of cell‐mediated immunity (CMI), delayed‐type hypersensitivity to Candida albicans (DTH‐Candida), and anti‐Epstein‐Barr virus antibody (EBV Ab), among 200 children in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. DTH‐Candida, which decreases with compromised CMI, was positively associated with age (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.57) and triceps skinfold (TSF; OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.26), and inversely associated with height‐for‐age Z score (HAZ; OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.68, 1.08) and diagnosed ID (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.22, 1.08). There was significant interaction between TSF and ID: DTH‐Candida exhibited a strong inverse association with ID among children with low TSF (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.50) and a strong positive association with TSF among children with ID (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.29, 5.42). EBV Ab, which increases with compromised CMI, was inversely associated with male sex (β: −0.47; 95% CI: −0.70, −0.24) and TSF (β: −0.04; 95% CI: −0.08, 0.00), and positively associated with HAZ (β: 0.06; 95% CI: −0.03, 0.15). Among males, EBV Ab was positively associated with anemia. Among normal HAZ children, EBV Ab was inversely associated with TSF. There was no association between DTH‐Candida and EBV Ab. While DTH‐Candida provides a direct measure of CMI, our results suggest that interpretation of EBV‐Ab among Kilimanjaro children was complicated by its indirect relationship with CMI. Among our sample, CMI increased with age and adequate nutrition and was compromised during acute ID. The suggestive CMI‐compromising effect of increasing height‐for‐age may bear further exploration. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:183–190, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microporous and mesoporous materials for gas storage and separation: a review
Authors: Chang Fei , Zhou Jun , Chen Pu , Chen Yilu , Jia Honghua , Saad Sameh M. I. , Gao Yang , Cao Xun , Zheng Tao 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTVarious technologies and materials have been applied for the storage of clean gas energy, which also could control the combustion process to reduce CO2 emissions. Over the years, microporous and mesoporous materials have been developed as useful technology for gas storage and separation. However, no materials can adequately meet the needs of all applications. The present paper gives an overview of the various materials for gas storage and separation. The results showed that carbonaceous adsorbents were the most potential for meeting the US DoE system targets for gas (methane and hydrogen) storage. Meanwhile, the properties of metal organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks (thermodynamics and kinetics) had significant improvements with the development of material science. Further, zeolites performed well in CO2 separation, but necessitated a high temperature for recovery. It was concluded that the utility of any new material will ultimately be determined not only by its material performance but also by its system performance, and much work is still required to be performed in the application of microporous and mesoporous materials for gas storage and separation in the future. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrically conductive adhesives with a focus on adhesives that contain carbon nanotubes
Authors: Santamaria Antxon , Muñoz María Eugenia , Fernández Mercedes , Landa Maite 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOn the basis of an analysis of results presented in the literature, the currently existing knowledge about relationships between the microstructural and physical properties of hard coatings is discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of microstructural features, such as grain boundaries, nonequilibrium structures, impurities, and texture, in controlling the film hardness. On the basis of an analysis of results presented in the literature, the currently existing knowledge of electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) is discussed. Particular focus is placed on the results obtained with ECAs that contain carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as conductive fillers. The review is divided in curable ECAs based on epoxy resins, and noncurable conductive hot melts and pressure‐sensitive adhesives based on thermoplastic polymers. More literature results were found for epoxy/conductive filler ECAs than for other adhesives. Confirming the assessments made in a book by Li et al., which refers to nanotechnologies in ECAs, we found that only a reduced number of articles allude to polymer/CNT ECAs. Our analysis of the results includes a study of the balance between the viscosity, immediate adhesion, solidification process, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties of the adhesives. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Polyvinyl alcohol‐polyethylene oxide‐carboxymethyl cellulose membranes for drug delivery
Authors: Agarwal Roopali , Alam M. Sarwar , Gupta Bhuvanesh 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to develop blends of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by two approaches: solvent casting and freeze‐drying to develop membranes for various biomedical applications. The PVA/PEO/CMC blends in different compositions of 90/10/20, 80/20/20, 70/30/20, 60/40/20, and 50/50/20 were prepared and were coated on polyester (PET) nonwoven fabric and were subsequently freeze‐dried (FD). The influence of PEO concentration on the blend membranes was investigated and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry, and attenuated total reflectance‐fourier transform infra‐red (ATR–FTIR) techniques. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), swelling behavior, and surface morphology of the FD membranes was also investigated. It was observed that an increase of PEO concentration in blends makes the membranes more fragile. However, the coating of this blend on PET fabric helps in developing the stable membrane. Swelling of the membranes decreased with the increase in the PEO concentration. XRD showed decrease in crystallinity with increase in concentration of PEO. Morphological studies showed a highly porous structure with interconnected pores. The total porosity of the membranes was found to be in the range 89–92%. The FD membranes were found to have WVTR in the range 2000–3000 g/m2/day. A model drug, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride was also incorporated in the matrix and drug release was studied. The antimicrobial nature of the membranes was monitored against E. coli by zone of inhibition method. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Consequences of connectivity alteration on riverine fish assemblages: potential opportunities to overcome constraints in applying conventional monitoring designs
Authors: Rolls Robert J. , Ellison Tanya , Faggotter Stephen , Roberts David T. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTPatterns of connectivity are critical to structuring both spatial and temporal variation in the composition of species populations and assemblages. Water resource development has an important impact on longitudinal connectivity in rivers, and disrupts natural patterns of dispersal of individuals between segments of the river network. Consequently, artificial barriers alter the structure, size and distribution of species populations leading to impacts on aquatic biodiversity.Quantitative assessment of the ecological effects of connectivity alteration is necessary to develop effective conservation plans to manage the impacts of anthropogenic fragmentation. Connectivity alteration is a complex environmental disturbance because the potential scale of impact is dependent on the spatial scale at which biota undergo life‐history processes such as spawning and recruitment. Few river networks have single migration barriers, meaning that multiple points of fragmentation are present and have potentially interacting effects. Therefore, conventional ‘control–impact’ approaches to impact assessment may be inappropriate or confounded. Furthermore, monitoring patterns of fish population or assemblage structure moving through fish passage facilities alone creates a mismatch between the spatial scale of impact and assessment of water resource development.This paper uses a case study in subtropical Australia to highlight three potential approaches to increasing inference of the impact of fragmentation by barriers on riverine fish. Thorough understanding of life‐history and dispersal ecology of fish is necessary to understand and predict the consequences of fragmentation, and comparing patterns of distribution among species with different migration requirements can identify sources of fragmentation. Monitoring patterns in fish assemblages at both the barrier and river network scale increases the strength of inference of the effects of connectivity alteration and management. Experimental removal of artificial barriers would assist in determining the effect of fragmentation by restoring connectivity. Such approaches would improve predictions of connectivity management and underlying drivers of aquatic biodiversity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diversity and genetic population structure of the Brazilian sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon lalandii
Authors: Mendonça Fernando Fernandes , Oliveira Claudio , Gadig Otto Bismarck Fazzano , Foresti Fausto 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Similar to many small, range‐restricted elasmobranchs, the Brazilian sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon lalandii) is listed as ‘data deficient’ by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Data on stock assessment and sustainability are scarce, and there is no information on population structure. This constitutes a management problem because this shark comprises approximately 50% of the catch of small coastal sharks in Brazil.
In this study, populations of R. lalandii distributed from the Caribbean to southern Brazil were investigated using sequences from the mitochondrial DNA control region. Analysis of molecular variance revealed strong structuring between population samples from the Caribbean and those from the Brazilian coast (ФST = 0.254, P < 0.0001). Significant differences in the rates of genetic diversity between these major areas were also detected. The observed levels of population structuring are likely to be driven by female phylopatry.
Therefore, the identification of both mating and nursery areas with parallel ban/restriction of fishing in these areas may be critical for the long‐term sustainability of these populations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Militärpsychiatrisches Theater. Französische Kinematographie der “Kriegshysterie”, 1915–1918
Authors: Köhne Julia Barbara 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMilitary‐Psychiatric Theater. French Cinematography of “War Hysteria”, 1915–1918. During the First World War, the use of a new form of media technology was applied within French military neuro‐psychiatry: scientific cinematography. This visual technique was used to represent and produce symptoms of so‐called “war hysteria”. “War hysteria” among soldiers and officers not only seemed to symbolize the weakness, inefficiency, and vulnerability of the military collective body, the corps, but challenged the borders of medical cinematography as it was considered to be able to capture ‘real’ symptoms on celluloid. By shivering and shaking, “war hysterics”, firstly, transgressed the classical image of the brave and potent warrior and, secondly, mirrored the flaws of the film technique by emphasizing its limits, twitches, and aesthetical “hysteria”. Analyzing several French medical films, it can be seen that they contain diverse dramaturgical means, just as aesthetical and narrative strategies adopted from forms in the field of illusion, including theater, ballet, cabaret, and feature film. The filmic portrayal of male “hysteria” presented both a transgression and a phantasmatic regaining of the social and military functionability of the strong masculine soldier. The theatrical film rhetoric manages to contrast the shift from the concept of “pithiatisme”, favored by the bulk of the French physicians, in the first half of what was refered to as “la Grande Guerre”, towards a “genuine”, somatic, and physiological aetiology of “war hysteria” cases since 1916.
Materialism and charitable giving: Can they co‐exist?
Authors: Mathur Anil 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIt is generally believed that Western societies are more materialistic compared with other cultures. However, it has also been observed that Americans are among the most generous of all, contributing their time, money, and effort to charitable causes. This research attempted to examine the relationship between materialism and charitable giving. Results of an empirical study suggest that it is possible for materialism to co‐exist with charitable giving. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are also discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Closure of patent ductus arteriosus in children, small infants, and premature babies with Amplatzer duct occluder II additional sizes: Multicenter study
Authors: Sungur Metin , Karakurt Cemsit , Ozbarlas Nazan , Baspinar Osman 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesTo evaluate safety and efficacy of closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with Amplatzer duct occluder II Additional Sizes (ADO II AS) and to report early and midterm results of the device in children and very young symptomatic infants.MethodsRetrospective analysis of angiographic data of 60 children from four pediatric cardiology centers.ResultsThe median patient age and weight were 6.5 (0.5–168) months and 6.8 (1.19–57) kg, respectively. In the study, 26 children had a body weight of ≤6 kg. Of these 26 children, 9 had a body weight of ≤3 kg. The median narrowest diameter of PDA was 2 (1.2–4) mm. Ductal anatomy was Type A in 29, Type B in 2, Type C in 11, Type D in 1, and Type E in 16 patients, and a residual PDA after surgery in 1 patient. Closure with ADO II AS was achieved in 58 (96.6%) of 60 attempted cases. In two infants, the device was not released because of significant residual shunt. ADO II was used in one, and the other was sent to surgery. Complete closure was observed in all ADO II AS deployed children by the next day on echocardiography. Median follow‐up was 12 (1–18) months. Neither death nor any major complications occurred.ConclusionsOur study shows that closure of medium and small sized PDA by using ADO II AS device is effective and safe in children. The use of the device will expand the field of application of PDA closure in small infants. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel device for antegrade percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty: Feasibility of the looped inoue balloon technique in swine model
Authors: Bao Bingyuan , Saito Naritatsu , Watanabe Shin , Tokushige Akihiro , Yamamoto Erika , Kawase Yoshiaki , Kimura Takeshi , Inoue Kanji 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesThe study aimed to assess the feasibility of a novel device and technique for antegrade percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) in a swine model.BackgroundBAV is currently being applied more frequently compared to the past with the advent of transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Although the antegrade BAV approach offers several advantages over the retrograde approach, the antegrade approach is technically more complicated and demanding.MethodsWe developed a novel balloon catheter and a technique to simplify the antegrade BAV. The balloon catheter was designed to make a loop in left atrium by inserting two different sized stylets. The balloon catheter was easily dropped into the left ventricle via the mitral valve while maintaining the loop. The balloon catheter was advanced to the ascending aorta by holding the two stylets. Then, the balloon was inflated. We named the technique as the looped Inoue balloon technique. The feasibility of the looped Inoue balloon technique was assessed in a healthy swine with a body weight of 40 kg by four independent operators. Every operator conducted the procedure twice.ResultsThe procedural success rate was 100% in all operators. The average procedure time was 170 ± 35 sec. No procedure related complications were noted.ConclusionsThe study results indicate that the antegrade BAV using the looped Inoue balloon technique is feasible and may simplify the antegrade approach. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multicenter nit‐occlud® PDA‐R patent. Ductus arteriosus occlusion device trial: Initial and six‐month results
Authors: Granja Miguel A. , Trentacoste Luis , Rivarola Marcelo , Barbosa Jesus Damsky , Lucini Victorio , Peirone Alejandro , Spillman Ana 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundTranscatheter closure of a moderate to large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) using conventional techniques is challenging. The Nit‐Occlud® PDA‐R trial can close a PDA up to 8 mm in diameter. We sought to report procedural and six‐month efficacy and safety results of the multicenter Nit‐Occlud® PDA‐R trial.MethodsFrom June 2010 to February 2011, 43 patients were enrolled in three centers from Argentina. Median age was 4.5 (range 1.4–18.4 years) years old at catheterization, 70% were females and weight was 17.7 (range 10–67 kg).ResultsPDAs mean diameter was 2.98 ± 1.03 and ranged from 2 to 6.19 mm. About 11.6% were large (≥4 mm), whereas 32.6% were <2.5 mm. Median pulmonary artery mean pressure was 17 mm Hg (range 9–26 mm Hg). The device was implanted successfully in all patients. By echocardiography, trivial residual shunt was observed in 42% at the end of the procedure, in 28% at 24 hr, in 12.1% at one week, and none at three‐months. There was one case of embolization (due to undersizing), that was treated successfully with a larger study device. There were no major short‐ or long‐term complications.ConclusionsPDAs ranging from 2 to 6 mm can be effectively and safely closed using the Nit‐Occlud® PDA‐R device, with good procedural and six‐month results. The Nit‐Occlud® PDA‐R emerges as an optimal alternative for closure of small to moderate PDAs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Semicontinuous Discharge of Non‐Newtonian Filter Cakes in Electrofiltration
Authors: Perner‐Nochta I. , Rodrigues R. , Serve Y. , Posten C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA novel mode of operation for electrofiltration is presented. The newly developed operation procedure allows for cake removal without disassembling the chamber. Highly viscous filter cakes are discharged from the filtration chamber by inserting air which permits a rapid restart of the process. The cleaning time could be reduced from about 10 min to a few seconds. The semicontinuous operation is liable to full automation and allows for cake discharge and filtration in a short period of time. In successive cycles was proved that the process efficiency is maintained using the same membrane. A fully continuous system can be accomplished by assembling several units in parallel in a single filtration press.
Amoxicillin and Ethyl Cellulose Precipitation by Two Supercritical Antisolvent Processes
Authors: Montes A. , Nunes A. , Gordillo M. D. , Pereyra C. , Duarte C. M. M. , Martínez de la Ossa E. J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractComposites of amoxicillin and ethyl cellulose in the micrometer range were precipitated by supercritical antisolvent (SAS) processes using carbon dioxide as antisolvent and a mixture of dichloromethane and dimethylsulfoxide as solvents. Morphologies and mean diameter ranges were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high‐performance liquid chromatography were carried out in order to ensure successful coprecipitation and to determine the amoxicillin contents in the final products. The SAS processes used differ mainly in the way in which the solutions are introduced: through a normal or a coaxial nozzle. The XPS results provided proof that amoxicillin was not distributed in the same way in all the samples. The release behavior of the composites obtained was evaluated in two biological fluids, i.e., simulated gastric and simulated intestinal fluids. The different systems led to the release of the drug in different ways; but in all cases slower solubilization was obtained than for the pure drug.
Influence of Chitosan and Chitosan Derivatives on Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in a Bubble Contactor
Authors: García‐Abuín A. , Gómez‐Díaz D. , Navaza J. M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe behavior of chitosan and two kinds of chitosan derivatives in carbon dioxide absorption in a bubble column contactor is analyzed. The effects of absorption type (physical or chemical), polymer type, concentration, and liquid‐phase physical properties on hydrodynamics (bubble size, gas holdup, and specific interfacial area) and mass transfer (absorption rate and mass transfer coefficient) are evaluated.
A Conventional Surfactant Becomes CO2‐Responsive in the Presence of Switchable Water Additives
Authors: Su Xin , Robert Tobias , Mercer Sean M. , Humphries Christine , Cunningham Michael F. , Jessop Philip G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe have developed a new benign means of reversibly breaking emulsions and latexes by using “switchable water”, an aqueous solution of switchable ionic strength. The conventional surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is not normally stimuli‐responsive when CO2 is used as the stimulus but becomes CO2‐responsive or “switchable” in the presence of a switchable water additive. In particular, changes in the air/water surface tension and oil/water interfacial tension can be triggered by addition and removal of CO2. A switchable water additive, N,N‐dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), was found to be an effective and efficient additive for the reversible reduction of interfacial tension and can lower the tension of the dodecane/water interface in the presence of SDS surfactant to ultra‐low values at very low additive concentrations. Switchable water was successfully used to reversibly break an emulsion containing SDS as surfactant, and dodecane as organic liquid. Also, the addition of CO2 and switchable water can result in aggregation of polystyrene (PS) latexes; the later removal of CO2 neutralizes the DMEA and decreases the ionic strength allowing for the aggregated PS latex to be redispersed and recovered in its original state.