bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mature and immature teratoma: A report from the second Italian pediatric study
Authors: Terenziani Monica , D'Angelo Paolo , Inserra Alessandro , Boldrini Renata , Bisogno Gianni , Babbo Gian Luca , Conte Massimo , Dall' Igna Patrizia , De Pasquale Maria Debora , Indolfi Paolo , Piva Luigi , Riccipetitoni Giovanna , Siracusa Fortunato , Spreafico Filippo , Tamaro Paolo , Cecchetto Giovanni 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundTeratomas demonstrate a benign clinical behavior, however they may recur with malignant components or as teratoma, and in a small group of patients prognosis could be fatal. After the first Italian study, we collected cases of teratoma, alongside the protocol for malignant germ cell tumors.ProcedurePatients with teratoma were collected from 2004 to 2014. Teratomas were classified according to the WHO classifications, as mature and immature. Patients with pathological aFP and/or bHCG, and those with a malignant germ cell component were not included.ResultsThe study enrolled 219 patients (150 mature, 69 immature teratomas) with a median age at diagnosis of 42 months. The primary sites involved were: 118 gonadal and 101 extragonadal teratomas. Two females with ovarian teratoma had a positive family history. Complete and incomplete surgeries were performed in 85% and 9% of cases. Seventeen events occurred: six females had a second metachronous tumor (5 contralateral ovarian teratoma, 1 adrenal neuroblastoma) and 11 teratomas relapsed/progressed (3 mature, 8 immature teratomas). Two patients died, one of progressive immature teratoma and one of surgical complications. At a median follow up of 68 months, the event‐free, relapse‐free, and overall survival rates were 90.6%, 94.3%, 98.6%, respectively.ConclusionsTeratomas show a good prognosis, especially the mature ones: surgery and follow‐up remain the standard approach. Incomplete surgery in immature teratoma is the group at greatest risk of relapse. Bilateral ovarian tumors are a possibility, and the rare family predisposition to ovarian mature teratoma warrants further analyses. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1202–1208. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prediction of distal residue participation in enzyme catalysis
Authors: Brodkin Heather R. , DeLateur Nicholas A. , Somarowthu Srinivas , Mills Caitlyn L. , Novak Walter R. , Beuning Penny J. , Ringe Dagmar , Ondrechen Mary Jo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA scoring method for the prediction of catalytically important residues in enzyme structures is presented and used to examine the participation of distal residues in enzyme catalysis. Scores are based on the Partial Order Optimum Likelihood (POOL) machine learning method, using computed electrostatic properties, surface geometric features, and information obtained from the phylogenetic tree as input features. Predictions of distal residue participation in catalysis are compared with experimental kinetics data from the literature on variants of the featured enzymes; some additional kinetics measurements are reported for variants of Pseudomonas putida nitrile hydratase (ppNH) and for Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (AP). The multilayer active sites of P. putida nitrile hydratase and of human phosphoglucose isomerase are predicted by the POOL log ZP scores, as is the single‐layer active site of P. putida ketosteroid isomerase. The log ZP score cutoff utilized here results in over‐prediction of distal residue involvement in E. coli alkaline phosphatase. While fewer experimental data points are available for P. putida mandelate racemase and for human carbonic anhydrase II, the POOL log ZP scores properly predict the previously reported participation of distal residues.
The role of NFATc1 in prostate cancer progression: Cyclosporine A and tacrolimus inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion
Authors: Kawahara Takashi , Kashiwagi Eiji , Ide Hiroki , Li Yi , Zheng Yichun , Ishiguro Hitoshi , Miyamoto Hiroshi 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDThe functional role of nuclear factor of activated T‐cells (NFAT), a well‐characterized regulator of the immune response, in prostate cancer progression remains largely unknown. We aim to investigate biological significance of NFATc1, a NFAT isoform shown to function as an oncogene in a sarcoma model, in human prostate cancer.METHODSWe first determined the expression levels of NFAT in prostate cell lines and tissue specimens. We then assessed the effects of NFAT inhibition via NFATc1‐small interfering RNA (siRNA) as well as immunosuppressants including cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) on prostate cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo.RESULTSImmunohistochemistry revealed that the expression levels of NFATc1 were significantly elevated in prostatic carcinomas, compared with non‐neoplastic prostate or high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia tissues, and in high‐grade (Gleason scores ≥7) tumors. NFATc1 positivity in carcinomas, as an independent prognosticator, also correlated with the risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. In prostate cancer cell lines, CsA and FK506 inhibited NFATc1 expression and its nuclear translocation, NFAT transcriptional activity, and the expression of c‐myc, a downstream target of NFAT. NFAT silencing or treatment with these NFAT inhibitors resulted in decreases in cell viability/colony formation and cell migration/invasion, as well as increases in apoptosis, in androgen receptor (AR)‐negative, AR‐positive/androgen‐sensitive, and AR‐positive/castration‐resistant lines. No significant additional inhibition in the growth of NFAT‐siRNA cells by CsA and FK506 was seen, whereas these agents, especially FK506, further inhibited their invasion. In xenograft‐bearing mice, CsA and FK506 significantly retarded tumor growth.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that NFATc1 plays an important role in prostate cancer outgrowth. Thus, NFATc1 inactivation, especially using CsA and FK506, has the potential of being a therapeutic approach for not only hormone‐naïve but also castration‐resistant prostate cancers.Prostate 75: 573–584, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of methods for H, C, N and S stable isotopes and elemental analysis of cheese: results of an international collaborative study
Authors: Camin Federica , Bertoldi Daniela , Santato Alessandro , Bontempo Luana , Perini Matteo , Ziller Luca , Stroppa Angelo , Larcher Roberto 
Published: January 2015

RationalePDO cheeses, such as Parmigiano Reggiano and Grana Padano, which cost more than double generic similar cheeses, must be protected against mislabelling. The aim of this study was to validate the methods for the isotopic and elemental analysis of cheese, in order to support official recognition of their use in authenticity assessment.MethodsAn international collaborative study based on blind duplicates of seven hard cheeses was performed according to the IUPAC protocol and ISO Standards 5725/2004 and 13528/2005. The H, C, N and S stable isotope ratios of defatted cheese determined using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) and the content of Li, Na, Mn, Fe, Cu, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ba, Re, Bi, U in cheese after acid microwave digestion using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry or Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP‐MS or ‐OES) were measured in 13 different laboratories.ResultsThe average standard deviations of repeatability (sr) and reproducibility (sR) were 0.1 and 0.2 ‰ for δ13C values, 0.1 and 0.3 ‰ for δ15N values, 2 and 3 ‰ for δ2H values, and 0.4 and 0.6 ‰ for δ34S values, thus comparable with results of official methods and the literature for other food matrices. For elemental data, the average RSDr and RSDR values ranged between 2 and 11% and between 9 and 28%, respectively, consistent with methods reported by the FDA and in the literature for cheese.ConclusionsThe validation data obtained here can be submitted to the standardisation agencies to obtain official recognition for the methods, which is fundamental when they are used in commercial disputes and legal debates. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An online temperature‐controlled vacuum‐equilibration preparation system for the measurement of δ2H values of non‐exchangeable‐H and of δ18O values in organic materials by isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Wassenaar Leonard I. , Hobson Keith A. , Sisti Leonardo 
Published: January 2015

RationaleMeasurement of δ2H values in non‐exchangeable‐H (δ2Hn) and δ18O values in organic environmental samples are inconsistent among laboratories worldwide due to varied and lengthy approaches in controlling for H isotope exchange (for δ2Hn values) and removal of trace moisture (δ2Hn and δ18O values), which undermines the comparability of organic δ2H and δ18O data produced among different laboratories.MethodsAn online preparation system was developed for the measurement of the δ2Hn and δ18O values of organic samples, coupled to isotope‐ratio mass spectrometers. The system features a 50‐position autosampler and isolation valve where (1) the samples are held isothermal between ambient to 40–120 ± 0.1 °C for H isotopic exchange experiments (δ2Hn) and drying of hygroscopic samples (δ2Hn and δ18O), (2) the samples are evacuated to <5 mbar and flushed with helium for moisture and N2 removal, and (3) injection of up to 500 μL of H2O is possible for controlled vapour exchangeable‐H experiments.ResultsThe system provides highly reproducible and precise δ2Hn isotope estimates for a range of organic keratinous standard powders over a wide range of experimental temperatures. A reproducible sample processing regimen can now be applied to a wider range of organics and hygroscopic samples that are currently hampered by poorly controlled preparative methods amongst laboratories.ConclusionsRapid and reproducible online vacuum equilibration of samples and standards for the routine measurement of δ2Hn and δ18O values is now possible using the online equilibration system, with the added benefit that sample processing times for organic δ2H values are reduced from weeks to hours. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry of Ge‐As‐Te chalcogenides
Authors: Šútorová Katarína , Hawlová Petra , Prokeš Lubomír , Němec Petr , Boidin Rémi , Havel Josef 
Published: January 2015

RationaleGexAsyTez glasses have a broad window of optical transparency and high refractive index which make them promising for applications in the infrared region. The aim of this work is to reveal structural motifs which could be present during the fabrication of Ge‐As‐Te thin films by plasma deposition techniques; such knowledge is important for the optimization of thin film growth.MethodsMass spectra were acquired using a laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (LDI‐TOF) mass spectrometer equipped with a nitrogen laser (337 nm) coupled with a quadrupole ion trap, and recorded in positive and negative ion reflectron modes. XRD, SEM (EDX) and Raman spectroscopy were also used for the characterization of Ge‐As‐Te bulk or powdered samples.ResultsBulk GexAsyTez samples (x = 10–20%, y = 20–60%, z = 30–70%) were synthesized. LDI‐MS of Ge‐As‐Te powders provided evidence for the formation of both positively and negatively charged clusters, whose stoichiometry was determined as Ten+/– (n = 1–4), Te5+, binary AsTen+/– (n = 1–3), GeTen+/– (n = 1–3), As2Te+/–, As2Te3+, As3Te+, AsTe4+, Ge2H6+/–, ternary GeAsTe+, GeAsTe2+/–, GeAsH5+, GeAsH6+, GeAsH12+, and tertiary GeAsTeH5–, GeAsTeH8–, GeAsTe2H3+/–.ConclusionsThe local structure of GexAsyTez materials is at least partly different from that of species identified in plasma by mass spectrometry, as deduced from Raman scattering spectroscopy analysis. However, LDI‐TOFMS was found to be a suitable technique for the partial structure characterization of Ge‐As‐Te bulk samples and especially for the identification of the structural motifs present in the plasma during the preparation of the corresponding thin films. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of nitric oxide synthase activity via liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric assay determination of 15N3‐citrulline in biological samples
Authors: Shin Beom Soo , Fung Ho‐Leung , Upadhyay Mahesh , Shin Soyoung 
Published: January 2015

RationaleWe showed that the metabolite peaks of 15N3‐citrulline (15N3‐CIT) and 15N3‐arginine (15N3‐ARG) could be detected when 15N4‐ARG was metabolized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in endothelial cells. The usefulness of these metabolites as potential surrogate indices of nitric oxide (NO) generation is evaluated.MethodsA hydrophilic‐interaction liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometric assay (LC/MS/MS) was utilized for the simultaneous analysis of 15N4‐ARG, ARG, CIT, 15N3‐CIT and 15N3‐ARG. 15N3‐CIT and 15N3‐ARG from impurities of 15N4‐ARG were determined and corrected for the calculation of their concentration. 15N4‐ARG‐derived NO, i.e., 15NO formation was determined by analyzing 15N‐nitrite accumulation by another LC/MS/MS assay.ResultsAfter EA.hy926 human endothelial cells were challenged with 15N4‐ARG for 2 hours, the peak intensities of 15N3‐CIT and 15N3‐ARG significantly increased with 15N4‐ARG concentration and positively correlated with 15N‐nitrite production. The estimated Km values were independent of the metabolite (i.e., 15N3‐CIT, 15N3‐CIT+15N3‐ARG or 15N‐nitrite) used for calculation. However, after correction for its presence as a chemical contaminant of 15N4‐ARG, 15N3‐ARG was only a marginal contributor for the estimation of NOS activity.ConclusionsThese data suggest that the formation of 15N3‐CIT can be used as an indicator of NOS activity when 15N4‐ARG is used as a substrate. This approach may be superior to the radioactive 14C‐CIT method which can be contaminated by 14C‐urea, and to the 14N‐nitrite method which lacks sensitivity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust nonlinear sampled‐data system analysis based on Fridman's method and S‐procedure
Authors: Seifullaev Ruslan E. , Fradkov Alexander L. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThis paper is devoted to the evaluation of sampling interval providing robust exponential stability of nonlinear system with sector‐bounded nonlinearities. It extends our previous results (R. E. Seifullaev, A. L. Fradkov. Sampled‐data control of nonlinear oscillations based on LMIs and Fridman's method. In 5th IFAC International Workshop on Periodic Control Systems, 95‐100. Caen, France. 2013). The proposed approach exploits E. Fridman's method for linear systems based on a general time‐dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. With classical results of V. A. Yakubovich about S‐procedure, the problem is reduced to feasibility analysis of linear matrix inequalities. The results are illustrated by example: the pendulum system with friction and sector‐bounded multiple nonlinearities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive actuator failure compensation for multivariable feedback linearizable systems
Authors: Yao Xuelian , Tao Gang , Jiang Bin 
Published: January 2015

SummaryA feedback linearization‐based adaptive control scheme is developed for multivariable nonlinear systems with redundant actuators subject to uncertain failures. Such an adaptive controller contains a direct adaptive actuator failure compensator to compensate the uncertain actuator failure, a nonlinear feedback to linearize the nonlinear dynamics, and a linear feedback to stabilize the linearized system. The key new design feature is the estimation of both the failure patterns and the failure values, for direct adaptive actuator failure compensation, newly developed for multivariable feedback linearizable nonlinear systems. With direct control signal adaptation, the adaptive failure compensation design ensures closed‐loop stability and asymptotic output tracking in the presence of actuator failure uncertainties. Simulation results from an application to attitude control of a near‐space vehicle dynamic model are presented to verify the desired system performance with adaptive actuator failure compensation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CDMCR: multi‐level fault‐tolerant system for distributed applications in cloud
Authors: Qiang Weizhong , Jiang Changqing , Ran Longbo , Zou Deqing , Jin Hai 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCloud provides users with a new model of utilizing the computing infrastructure with the ability to perform parallel and distributed computations using elastic virtual cluster. However, the multi‐level and complex features make cloud computing system more prone to failure. In this paper, we present a multi‐level fault‐tolerant system for distributed applications in cloud named Distributed‐application oriented Multi‐level Checkpoint/Restart for Cloud (CDMCR). The CDMCR system backups the complete state of applications periodically with a snapshot‐based distributed checkpointing protocol, including file system state. Thus, we cannot only recover processes but also rollback data. A multi‐level recovery strategy is proposed, which includes process‐level recovery, virtual machine recreation, and host rescheduling, enabling comprehensive and efficient fault tolerance for different components in cloud. We deploy CDMCR as PaaS, so that users can be liberated from node management and system configuration and get access to fault‐tolerant service conveniently. We have implemented this system based on the Xen virtualization platform and the OpenNebula cloud platform. Experiments on the prototype demonstrate the correctness of the system. Analysis shows that CDMCR does not cause message loss or data loss, and the backup time remains nearly constant as the number of nodes increases on virtual cluster. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A survey on reversible watermarking techniques for relational databases
Authors: Iftikhar Saman , Kamran M. , Anwar Zahid 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOver the past few years, reversible watermarking techniques for relational databases have been proposed to provide protection of ownership rights, data tempering, and data integrity. Mainly, these techniques ensure original data recovery from watermarked data, whereas irreversible watermarking schemes only protect ownership rights. This characteristic of reversible watermarking has emerged as a candidate solution for the protection of ownership rights of data, intolerable to modifications such as medical data, genetic data, credit card, and bank account data. The main objective of this paper is to make an extensive survey of the state‐of‐the‐art in reversible watermarking techniques for relational databases to reflect recent research progress and to point out the key issues for future research. In order to analyze these techniques, a classification has been performed on the basis of (i) the extent of modifications introduced by the watermarking scheme in the underlying data and (ii) the robustness of the embedded watermark against malicious attacks. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Human Right to Water: Critiques and Condition of Possibility
Authors: Sultana Farhana , Loftus Alex 
Published: January 2015

This Advanced Review analyzes recent debates over the human right to water. While accepting critiques from scholars that the right to water risks entrenching unequal and unjust forms of water governance, the paper nevertheless takes a more sympathetic view of the potentials within struggles for the right to water. Recognizing that such struggles can take many different forms, we urge scholars to adopt more nuanced and geographically sensitive analyses of the conditions out of which movements for the right to water have emerged. We reject the claim that the right to water depoliticises struggles for water justice and we instead find conditions of possibility for deeper and more lasting changes to water governance within struggles for the right to water. WIREs Water 2015, 2:97–105. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1067This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Rights to Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Linguistic capacity of non‐human animals
Authors: Zuberbühler Klaus 
Published: January 2015

Linguists interested in language evolution tend to focus on combinatorial features and rightly point out the lack of comparable evidence in animal communication. However, human language is based on various unique capacities, such as a motor capacity of sophisticated vocal control and a cognitive capacity of acting on others' psychological states. These features are only present in very rudimentary forms in non‐human primates, suggesting they have evolved more recently in the human lineage. Here, the evidence from recent fieldwork for precursors of these abilities is reviewed, notably sequence‐based semantic communication, vocal tract control, and audience awareness. Overall, there is evidence for both continuity and discontinuity when comparing modern primate and human communication, suggesting that the origin of language is the result of multiple gradual transitions from earlier forms of primate‐like communication and social cognition, rather than a sudden and fundamental redesign in ancestral human communication and cognition. WIREs Cogn Sci 2015, 6:313–321. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1338This article is categorized under:

Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition
Linguistics > Evolution of Language
Subgroup discovery
Authors: Atzmueller Martin 
Published: January 2015

Subgroup discovery is a broadly applicable descriptive data mining technique for identifying interesting subgroups according to some property of interest. This article summarizes fundamentals of subgroup discovery, before that it also reviews algorithms and further advanced methodological issues. In addition, we briefly discuss tools and applications of subgroup discovery approaches. In that context, we also discuss experiences and lessons learned and outline some of the future directions in order to show the advantages and benefits of subgroup discovery. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2015, 5:35–49. doi: 10.1002/widm.1144This article is categorized under:

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Motivation and Emergence of Data Mining
The Same at a First Glance: The Diffractogram of a New Polymorph of Anhydrous Sodium Luminolate Almost Perfectly Resembles the Diffraction Trace of an Already Known Polymorph
Authors: Martin Thomas , Greim Dominik , Milius Wolfgang , Niedermaier Michael , Ludescher Beate , von Wegerer Jörg , Brysch Wolfgang , Bärwinkel Kilian , Senker Jürgen , Breu Josef 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA so far unknown third polymorph (form III) of 5‐amino‐2, 3‐dihydro‐1, 4‐phthalazinedione (luminolate) monosodium salt could be isolated phase pure and its structure was determined by powder X‐ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement [cell parameters: a = 8.0364(2) Å, b = 3.69765(5) Å, c = 26.4246(7) Å, β = 96.346(2)°, V = 780.42(3) Å3, space group P21/c]. The new structure shows many similarities to the structure of the known form II and the consequently slim differences in the diffraction traces could have easily been overlooked. Slurry experiments prove the new form to be more stable than form II. Both form II and form III crystallize in a lamellar structure. The layers are in turn built by shifted π‐stacked strands of hydrogen bonded luminolate dimers. The strands are canted by ± 25° in respect to the layers. While in form II the tilt direction alternates from strand to strand within a single layer, in form III all strands within a layer are tilted in the same direction and the orientation rather alternates between adjacent layers.