bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Innovative Approach to Understanding Shale Gas Well Behavior Based on a Performance Catalogue Fingerprint
Authors: Boulis Anastasios , Jayakumar Ram , Araque-Martinez Aura , Rai Rakesh 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Shale gas wells performance is governed by the interaction between reservoir rock and the completion. However, external factors such as liquid loading, inefficient completion, and in some cases offset wells, can also influence performance. The large volume of shale gas wells necessitates the development of quick diagnostic tools. The linear transient flow behavior is well documented in shale gas wells; however, the post-linear transient flow behavior and the impact of non-reservoir phenomena are not. The objective of this paper is to provide a signature catalogue based on well performance fingerprints to quickly diagnose well history for dominant production mechanisms. To build the catalogue, both synthetic models and actual well history were used. All the data generated were analyzed using a consistent in-house shale gas workflow.
This paper documents well performance signatures for various reservoir and non-reservoir phenomena. The synthetic models provided a controlled basis to study for aspects of reservoir and completion phenomena difficult to measure in the field such as the sequence of flow regimes, the impact of different completion configurations, pressure dependent permeability and conductivity, as well as fracture complexity. Actual field histories from various shale gas plays were used to study the impact of processes that are normally observed in field data but are difficult to predict by a model such as liquid loading, fracture cleanup, data quality and impact of artificial lift. The signature catalogue shows impact of different completion configuration and reservoir phenomena during the periods of constant linear transient productivity index and on the decline in productivity index once the fracture interference starts. The impact of inadequate completion cleanup is captured on the linear flow plot as a completion resistance factor. The impact of shut-in, diagnostics for liquid loading, and inconsistent or questionable data has also been analyzed. The behavior of the wells with complex fracture geometries, pressure dependent permeability and pressure dependent completion properties is also catalogued. This fingerprint catalogue is a valuable resource for the engineer as it allows for prompt identification of abnormal well behaviors and provides a diagnostic method for identifying various production mechanisms.
Effect of Red Cell Transfusions on Future Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Obrador Gregorio T. , Macdougall Iain C. 
Published: October 2012

Summary
Red cell transfusions, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), and intravenous iron therapy all have a place in the treatment of anemia associated with CKD. Their relative merits and uses are subject to many clinical and nonclinical factors. New concerns associated with the use of ESA therapy make it likely that the use of blood transfusions will increase, refueling previous debates about their associated risks. Data on whether red cell transfusions increase sensitization to HLA antigens, rendering subsequent transplantation more problematic, are mainly derived from older literature. Older data suggested that women were more at risk of HLA sensitization than men, particularly those with previous multiple pregnancies, although recent U.S. Renal Data System data have challenged this. HLA sensitization prolongs the waiting time for transplantation and reduces graft survival. Leukocyte depletion of red cells does not appear to reduce the risk of HLA sensitization. This review summarizes much of the data on these issues, as well as highlighting the need for further research on the potential risks for blood transfusion in patients with CKD.
Association of Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 with Renal Phosphate Excretion among Hemodialysis Patients with Residual Renal Function
Authors: Wang Mengjing , You Li , Li Haiming , Lin Yong , Zhang Zhijie , Hao Chuanming , Chen Jing 
Published: October 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
High serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) are associated with mortality in patients with ESRD, but whether it still acts as a phosphaturic factor is unknown. This study aimed to explore the role of circulating FGF-23 on urinary phosphate excretion and phosphate balance in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with residual renal function (RRF).

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
There were 134 MHD patients enrolled in this cross-sectional study from June to July 2010. Demographics, laboratory data, and excretion capacity of phosphate were recorded. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the relationship of serum phosphate and the tubular reabsorption rate of phosphate with other factors.

Results
The median age of the patients was 61.0 years and 47.8% were male. Thirty percent of the patients had high urinary output (>200 ml/d) accompanied by lower serum levels of phosphate, calcium, intact parathyroid hormone, and FGF-23 compared with those with low urine output (≤200 ml/d). The independent predictors of serum phosphate were normalized protein nitrogen appearance, intact parathyroid hormone, and FGF-23 in the low urine output group and female sex and GFR in the high urine output group. The tubular reabsorption rate of phosphate decreased to 50% of the normal level in patients with RRF. Elevated circulating FGF-23 was significantly associated with lower tubular phosphate reabsorption after adjusting for GFR.

Conclusions
RRF is associated with significant capacity to excrete phosphate in MHD patients and high levels of serum FGF-23 may promote phosphate excretion by remnant nephrons.
Early Dialysis Initiation and Rates and Timing of Withdrawal From Dialysis in Canada
Authors: Ellwood Amanda D. , Jassal S. Vanita , Suri Rita S. , Clark William F. , Na Yingo , Moist Louise M. 
Published: October 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
The number of elderly patients and those with higher estimated GFR (eGFR) initiating dialysis have recently increased. This study sought to determine rates of withdrawal from dialysis and variables associated with withdrawal.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Canadian Organ Replacement Registry data were used to examine withdrawal rate and identify variables associated with withdrawal among the total cohort, patients age < 75 years, and patients age ≥ 75 years, along with those with early (eGFR > 10.5 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and those with late (eGFR ≤ 10.5 ml/min per 1.73 m2) initiation of dialysis, using a Cox proportional hazard model in patients starting dialysis between 2001 and 2009, with follow-up to December 31, 2009.

Results
Median follow-up duration was 23.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 34.3) months. Rate of withdrawal per 100 patient-years doubled from 1.5 to 3.0, and withdrawal as cause of death increased from 7.9% to 19.5% between 2001 and 2009. Early initiation of dialysis was associated with increased withdrawal risk (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.30; P=0.002), as were older age, female sex, white race, and late referral to nephrologist. Patients age ≥ 75 years withdrew earlier after dialysis initiation (median, 15.9 [IQR, 27.9] months) compared to those age < 75 years (21.6 [IQR, 35.2] months). Early-start patients withdrew earlier (median, 15.6 [IQR, 28.5] months) compared with late-start patients (20.2 [IQR, 32.9] months).

Conclusions
In Canada, withdrawal from dialysis has increased significantly over recent years, especially among patients starting with higher eGFRs and in the elderly.
Association of Epitope Spreading of Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Antibodies and Kidney Injury
Authors: Chen Jun-liang , Hu Shui-yi , Jia Xiao-yu , Zhao Juan , Yang Rui , Cui Zhao , Zhao Ming-hui 
Published: October 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Antiglomerular basement membrane autoantibodies are pathogenic in antiglomerular basement membrane disease with two major epitopes, EA and EB, on α3 chain of type IV collagen. This study investigated the epitope spectrum of antiglomerular basement membrane autoantibodies, aiming to identify the association between epitope specificity and kidney injury.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
All 108 patients with antiglomerular basement membrane disease and complete clinical data were divided into three groups according to renal dysfunction: mild group (n=20) with serum creatitine≤1.5 mg/dl; moderate group (n=22) with serum creatinine=1.5–6.8 mg/dl; severe group (n=66) with serum creatitine≥6.8 mg/dl. Epitope spectrums of antibodies were determined by ELISA, and their associations with kidney damage were analyzed. Sequential serum samples in 40 patients were examined during disease courses.

Results
EA and EB were recognized in 79.6% and 72.2% of patients, respectively. EA and EB reactions were the lowest in the mild group and higher in the moderate group (EA: 35.0% versus 81.8%, P=0.002; EB: 15.0% versus 68.2%, P=0.001). They were the highest in the severe group (EA: 92.4%, P=0.31; EB: 90.9%, P=0.02). Close association was observed between renal injury and EA and EB reactions. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that EB reaction was an independent risk factor for renal failure (hazard ratio=6.91, P=0.02). The recognition for non-EAB remained low among groups. No augmentation of epitope spectrum was shown in serial serum samples.

Conclusions
Intramolecular epitope spreading might occur before the onset of human antiglomerular basement membrane disease. The autoimmunity to EA and EB, especially EB, was crucial for kidney dysfunction.
Factors Associated with CKD in the Elderly and Nonelderly Population
Authors: Lin Ming-Yen , Chiu Yi-Wen , Lee Chien-Hung , Yu Hui-Yen , Chen Hung-Chun , Wu Ming-Tsang , Hwang Shang-Jyh 
Published: October 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
The risk factors for CKD in different age groups remain unknown. This community-based study aimed to identify the risk factors for CKD in elderly and nonelderly patients.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
A multistage sampling survey for CKD was conducted in 2007 in Kaohsiung County, an area with the highest prevalence of dialysis in the world. CKD was defined as proteinuria in at least the microalbuminuric stage or an estimated GFR (eGFR) of <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The factors for CKD in elderly and nonelderly patient groups were identified (with age 60 years as a cutoff value).

Results
The analyses included 3352 participants, of whom 687 had CKD. The weighted prevalence of CKD was 19.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.0%–20.7%). Elderly patients typically presented with low eGFR and nonelderly patients, with proteinuria. Age, annual income, use of oral analgesics, metabolic syndrome, hyperuricemia, and hemoglobin were risk factors for CKD in both age groups. In elderly patients, risk factors were medical history of diabetes mellitus, CKD, stroke, and not using analgesic injection (odds ratios [95% CIs], 3.58 [2.06–6.22], 3.66 [1.58–8.43], 3.89 [1.09–13.87], 2.27 [1.21–4.17], respectively). In nonelderly patients, associated risk factors for CKD were gout, hepatitis B virus infection, and use of the Chinese herbal medicine Long Dan Xie Gan Tang (odds ratios [95% CIs], 3.15 [1.96–5.07], 1.66 [1.09–2.53], and 8.86 [1.73–45.45], respectively).

Conclusions
The risk factors for CKD vary by age.
Pregnancy in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Bramham Kate , Nelson-Piercy Cathy , Gao Haiyan , Pierce Matthias , Bush Naomi , Spark Patsy , Brocklehurst Peter , Kurinczuk Jennifer J. , Knight Marian 
Published: October 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Most reports of pregnancy outcome in women with kidney transplants are single-center, retrospective, and include small numbers and few are compared with controls. The aim of this study was to collect information about pregnancy outcomes among all kidney transplant recipients in the United Kingdom, managed with current antenatal and nephrologic care, and to compare these data with a contemporaneous control group.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Pregnant women with a kidney transplant were identified through the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2009. Data on a comparison cohort were obtained from the UKOSS database, containing information on comparison women identified in previous studies. Outcomes were also compared with national data.

Results
There were 105 pregnancies identified in 101 recipients. Median prepregnancy creatinine was 118 μmol/L. Preeclampsia developed in 24% compared with 4% of the comparison group. Median gestation at delivery was 36 weeks, with 52% of women delivering at <37 weeks, significantly higher than the national rate of 8%. Twenty-four infants (24%) were small for gestational age (<10th centile). There were two (2%) cases of acute rejection. Potential predictive factors for poor pregnancy outcome included >1 previous kidney transplant (P=0.03), first trimester serum creatinine >125 μmol/L (P=0.001), and diastolic BP >90 mmHg in the second (P=0.002) and third trimesters (P=0.05).

Conclusions
Most pregnancies in the United Kingdom in women with kidney transplants are successful but rates of maternal and neonatal complications remain high.
Association between Oral Nutritional Supplementation and Clinical Outcomes among Patients with ESRD
Authors: Cheu Christine , Pearson Jeffrey , Dahlerus Claudia , Lantz Brett , Chowdhury Tania , Sauer Peter F. , Farrell Robert E. , Port Friedrich K. , Ramirez Sylvia P.B. 
Published: October 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) was provided to ESRD patients with hypoalbuminemia as part of Fresenius Medical Care Health Plan’s (FMCHP) disease management. This study evaluated the association between FMCHP’s ONS program and clinical outcomes.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Analyses included FMCHP patients with ONS indication (n=470) defined as 2-month mean albumin <3.8 g/dl until reaching a 3-month mean ≥3.8 g/dl from February 1, 2006 to December 31, 2008. Patients did not receive ONS if deemed inappropriate or refused. Patients on ONS were compared with patients who were not, despite meeting ONS indication. Patients with ONS indication regardless of use were compared with Medicare patients with similar serum albumin levels from the 2007 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Clinical Performance Measures Project (CPM). Cox models calculated adjusted hospitalization and mortality risks at 1 year.

Results
Among patients with indication for ONS, 276 received supplements and 194 did not. ONS use was associated with 0.058 g/dl higher serum albumin overall (P=0.02); this difference decreased by 0.001 g/dl each month (P=0.05) such that the difference was 0.052 g/dl (P=0.04) in month 6 and the difference was no longer significant in month 12 . In analyses based on ONS use, ONS patients had lower hospitalization at 1 year (68.4%; P<0.01) versus patients without ONS (88.7%), but there was no significant reduction in mortality risk (P=0.29). In analyses based on ONS indication, patients with indication had lower mortality at 1 year (16.2%) compared with CPM patients (23.4%; P<0.01).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that ONS use was associated with significantly lower hospitalization rates but had no significant effect on mortality in a disease management setting.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Dose-Ranging Study of TAK-875, a Novel GPR40 Agonist, in Japanese Patients With Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kaku Kohei , Araki Takahiro , Yoshinaka Ryoji 
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVE
Assessment of the efficacy and safety of TAK-875 (a novel GPR40 agonist) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by diet/exercise.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a phase II, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, 12-week dose-ranging evaluation of TAK-875 (6.25–200 mg once daily) with the primary end point of change in A1C at week 12. A nonblinded group received 1 mg glimepiride once daily as an active control.

RESULTS
A total of 396 patients were randomized to receive TAK-875 (n = 299), placebo (n = 48), or glimepiride (n = 49). The least square mean changes in A1C at week 12 from baseline were as follows: 0.09% in the placebo group; −0.54, −0.67, −0.88, −1.27, −1.29, and −1.40% in the 6.25-, 12.5-, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 200-mg TAK-875 groups, respectively; and −1.32% in the 1-mg glimepiride group. All TAK-875 groups had statistically significant reductions in A1C compared with placebo (P &lt; 0.0001), and those receiving ≥50 mg TAK-875 achieved reductions in A1C equivalent to those with glimepiride. Results for other glycemic parameters, including improvements during a meal tolerance test, mirrored these positive findings with TAK-875. There were no significant differences in incidence of adverse events among the groups and no dose-dependent changes in tolerability. Hypoglycemic episodes were reported in 0.7% of patients in the TAK-875 groups and in 4.1% of the glimepiride group.

CONCLUSIONS
TAK-875 produced clinically and statistically significant improvements in glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by diet and exercise, and it was well tolerated with a lower propensity to cause hypoglycemia.
Undetected Pectoralis Major Tendon Rupture in a Patient Referred to a Physical Therapist in a Combat Environment: A Case Report
Authors: Hoppes Carrie W. , Ross Michael D. , Moore Josef H. 
Published: October 2012

Background and Purpose
This case report describes a patient who was referred to a physical therapist for treatment of a shoulder strain and was eventually diagnosed with a rupture of the pectoralis major tendon that required surgical repair. The purpose of this case report is to highlight the management of this injury within the unique constraints of a combat environment.

Case Description
A 29-year-old man, currently serving as an active duty soldier in the US Army in Iraq, had a sudden onset of right shoulder pain during the concentric portion of a bench press. He was seen by a physician immediately after the injury, diagnosed with a shoulder strain, and referred to a physical therapist for a sling and exercise instruction. On the basis of the history and physical examination findings, which were consistent with a pectoralis major tendon rupture, the physical therapist placed a consult to an orthopedic surgeon in the United States through teleconsultation because orthopedic surgeons were not easily accessible in Iraq for nonemergency musculoskeletal referrals. Subsequently, the orthopedic surgeon advised evacuating the patient out of Iraq for surgical treatment.

Outcomes
By means of magnetic resonance imaging, the patient was diagnosed as having a rupture of the pectoralis major tendon at the musculotendinous junction near its insertion into the greater tubercle of the humerus that required surgical repair. At 3 months after surgery, the patient had full pain-free shoulder active range of motion and had progressed well through his strengthening program in a manner that allowed return to full duty. At 6 months after surgery, the patient maintained full duty status, was performing a routine of strength training 3 times per week, and had met all of his rehabilitation and personal goals.

Discussion
Successful treatment of this patient depended on analysis of the history and physical examination findings by the physical therapist to form an accurate diagnosis. In addition, timely medical evacuation and referral to an orthopedic surgeon for surgical treatment were coordinated in a combat environment. Completion of a progressive rehabilitation program after pectoralis major tendon repair also contributed to this patient's full recovery and return to duty. Had the physical therapist only followed the initial referral request, given this patient's military duties and sports and recreational activities, this case probably would have resulted in suboptimal outcomes.
Changes in Metabolic, Inflammatory and Coagulation Biomarkers after HIV Seroconversion – the Health in Men (Him) Biomarker Substudy
Authors: Achhra Amit C , Amin Janaki , Law Matthew G , Grulich Andrew E , Yeung Julie , Kelleher Anthony D , Cooper David A ,   the Health In Men study group
Published: October 2012

Background Biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation, lipids and vitamin D have been associated with cardiovascular and mortality risk in HIV-infected individuals. Scarce data exist on changes in these markers from pre-to post-HIV seroconversion. Methods The study participants were drawn from the Health in Men Study, which recruited HIV-negative homosexual men. Participants with incident HIV infection ( n=26) were compared with HIV-negative controls ( n=52) matched on age at enrolment, date of visit and reported intravenous drug use. Levels of metabolic (lipids and vitamin D), inflammatory (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6) and coagulation (D-dimer and fibrinogen) biomarkers were measured at pre- and post-HIV seroconversion visits and corresponding visits for controls. Random-effect models were used to compare changes in markers between cases and controls. Results The median gap between pre- and post-seroconversion or matched first and second visits in controls was 12 months. HIV seroconversion was associated with decline in high density lipoprotein (HDL-C; difference in mean change between cases and controls -0.14 mmol/l; 95% CI -0.22, -0.01; P=0.035). There were no significant differences in changes in other lipids, markers of inflammation, coagulation or vitamin D. Conclusions Decline in HDL-C seems to be the main proatherogenic change within 1–1.5 years after HIV seroconversion. HIV seroconversion was not associated with profound changes in other lipids, or markers of inflammation, coagulation and vitamin D. Longitudinal assessment of these markers in comparable population needs further assessment.
Les garçons, la mixité et l'animation
Authors: Ayral Sylvie , Raibaud Yves 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Les garçons, dans un contexte de mixité, en refusant l’autorité, ont souvent des comportements violents et choisissent des activités qui leur paraissent plus viriles que d’autres. L’hypothèse que l’identité masculine est un construit social permet de s’interroger sur la manière dont les garçons se perçoivent et sont perçus. La naturalisation de l’identité masculine masque peut-être un projet pédagogique implicite : faire des garçons de « vrais » hommes, ni efféminés, ni homosexuels. Poser le genre comme une variable centrale de la violence sociale permet alors d’inventorier quelques ressources de l’animation permettant d’améliorer les rapports sociaux de sexe.
« Les problèmes, ils restent pas où ils sont, ils viennent avec toi »
Authors: Renahy Nicolas 
Published: October 2012

Résumé « Jeunesse » et « mobilité » constituent deux catégories souvent associées, qu’il s’agit, l’une comme l’autre, de déconstruire. Si l’accroissement des mobilités résidentielles en début de vie active a donné lieu à de nombreuses analyses, le sens qu’elles prennent pour les jeunes de milieux populaires est rarement exploré pour lui-même. En retraçant la trajectoire d’un Portugais, fils d’ouvrier d’usine ayant longtemps navigué entre emplois de manœuvre dans le bâtiment, chômage, activités illégales et petite indépendance, nous proposons une analyse exploratoire de la manière dont la précarité peut se manifester dans l’instabilité géographique.