bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tectono‐stratigraphic history of the southern Junggar basin: seismic profiling evidences
Authors: Wang Sheng‐Li , Chen Yan , Charreau Julien , Wei Dong‐Tao , Jia Dong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe modern Tianshan is an active intracontinental range in central Asia. Its initial timing is poorly known and still hotly debated. As the subsidence of foreland basins is intrinsically coupled with the uplift of orogenic wedges, the foreland sedimentary records may accurately constrain the Tianshan uplifting history. To better address the question, we analyse a seismic profile across the southern Junggar foreland basin to decipher its tectonic and stratigraphic history. Four structural layers can be identified in an ascending order: the Permian – Lower Jurassic transtension‐related layer, the Jurassic – Cretaceous thermal‐subsistence layer, the Palaeogene layer and the Miocene – Quaternary foreland sedimentary layer. The oldest sedimentary sequence in the foreland succession is of the Shawan Formation deposited at ~24 Ma based on magnetostratigraphic constraints. This indicates that foreland deformation in the northern Tianshan and uplifting of the modern Tianshan probably initiated at the beginning of the Miocene.
Effect of topical naltrexone 0.3% on corneal sensitivity and tear parameters in normal brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Arnold Trevor S. , Wittenburg Luke A. , Powell Cynthia C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of topical naltrexone 0.3% on tear production, corneal sensitivity, and tear film stability in normal brachycephalic dogs.Animals StudiedTwenty‐two normal brachycephalic dogs.ProceduresMeasurements of tear production (Schirmer tear test I and II), intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal sensitivity (CS), and tear film breakup time (TFBUT) were collected at time 0, 1, and 24 h after administration of either naltrexone (NTX) 0.3% or placebo (SV). Naltrexone or SV was then administered once daily for 1 week, and the above measurements were repeated at 7 days, then again 7 days after discontinuing medication. Owners scored the degree of comfort, redness, rubbing, squinting, and tearing. Serum was collected at time 0, 1, 24 h, and 7 days to determine systemic concentrations.ResultsOwners reported no significant change in the degree of comfort, redness, rubbing, squinting, or tearing. Naltrexone was detected in serum of all treated dogs 1‐h postadministration (average: 908 pg/mL, range: 319–1570 pg/mL) and in two dogs at the 1‐week time point. Naltrexone was not detected at the 24‐h time point. There was no significant effect of NTX on STT1, STT2, IOP, CS, or TFBUT.ConclusionsNaltrexone 0.3% is well tolerated and safe when applied topically to the eye once daily. Naltrexone 0.3% did not show any significant effects on corneal parameters as measured in this study. At once, daily dosing NTX is systemically absorbed; however, the degree of systemic absorption is not likely to be clinically significant.
Secondary prophylaxis vs. on‐demand treatment to improve quality of life in severe adult haemophilia A patients: a prospective study in a single centre
Authors: Aznar J. A. , García‐Dasí M. , Pérez‐Alenda S. , Marco A. , Jaca M. , Moret A. , Querol F. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundRetrospective publications show a decrease in the bleeding frequency and an improvement in the quality of life (QoL) in severe adult haemophilia A (SAHA) after switching from the on‐demand treatment (DT) to secondary prophylaxis (SP). But there are no prospective studies which demonstrate, using a haemophilia‐specific questionnaire, an improvement in the QoL after such treatment change. The main objective of this study is to prospectively compare the QoL and the musculoskeletal assessment after switching from DT to SP in SAHA using the A36 Hemofilia‐QoL®. As secondary objective, we compare the haemarthrosis frequency and factor VIII consumption in DT and SP during a similar period of time (12 months) after switching.Materials and MethodsWe have designed a prospective study including SAHA who have been under DT and were changed to a protocol, which combines SP (biweekly administration of factor VIII) with individualized physiotherapy programme.ResultsTwelve months after switching to SP, the QoL was significantly improved (P = 0·005). Musculoskeletal assessment of pathologic irreversible joints and joints with a reversible alteration was generally improved, although in only a few joints, this improvement was statistically significant. Haemarthrosis was strongly reduced (12·60–1·42, P < 0·001).ConclusionsThis prospective study has demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in the QoL after 1 year from switching patients from DT to SP. The musculoskeletal assessment after 1 year was maintained similar or slightly improved. When we compared retrospective DT and prospective SP, haemarthrosis where strongly reduced requiring a slight increase in the consumption of factor VIII concentrates.
A Cross‐Sectional Study Examining Campylobacter and Other Zoonotic Enteric Pathogens in Dogs that Frequent Dog Parks in Three Cities in South‐Western Ontario and Risk Factors for Shedding of Campylobacter spp.
Authors: Procter T. D. , Pearl D. L. , Finley R. L. , Leonard E. K. , Janecko N. , Reid‐Smith R. J. , Weese J. S. , Peregrine A. S. , Sargeant J. M. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryAn estimated 6 million pet dogs live in Canadian households with the potential to transmit zoonotic pathogens to humans. Dogs have been identified as carriers of Salmonella, Giardia and Campylobacter spp., particularly Campylobacter upsaliensis, but little is known about the prevalence and risk factors for these pathogens in pet dogs that visit dog parks. This study examined the prevalence of these organisms in the faeces of dogs visiting dog parks in three cities in south‐western Ontario, as well as risk factors for shedding Campylobacter spp. and C. upsaliensis. From May to August 2009, canine faecal samples were collected at ten dog parks in the cities of Guelph and Kitchener‐Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Owners were asked to complete a questionnaire related to pet characteristics and management factors including age, diet and activities in which the dog participates. Faecal samples were collected from 251 dogs, and 189 questionnaires were completed. Salmonella, Giardia and Campylobacter spp. were present in 1.2%, 6.4% and 43.0% of faecal samples, respectively. Of the Campylobacter spp. detected, 86.1% were C. upsaliensis, 13% were C. jejuni and 0.9% were C. coli. Statistically significant sparing factors associated with the shedding of Campylobacter spp. included the feeding of a commercial dry diet and the dog's exposure to compost. Age of dog had a quadratic effect, with young dogs and senior dogs having an increased probability of shedding Campylobacter spp. compared with adult dogs. The only statistically significant risk factor for shedding C. upsaliensis was outdoor water access including lakes and ditches, while dogs >1 year old were at a lower risk than young dogs. Understanding the pet‐related risk factors for Campylobacter spp. and C. upsaliensis shedding in dogs may help in the development of awareness and management strategies to potentially reduce the risk of transmitting this pathogen from dogs to humans.
From Gas to Stars Over Cosmic Time
Authors: Mac Low Mordecai-Mark 
Published: June 2013

Background
Immediately after the Big Bang, the universe was uniform, homogeneous, and completely free of stars. The gravitational collapse of dark matter gathered gas with it that cooled, collapsed further, and formed stars. Observations over the past 20 years have revealed the dynamic star-formation history of the universe. The star-formation rate peaked 10 billion years ago, when stars formed an order of magnitude faster than in the modern universe. Deep observations have begun to reveal the early history of star formation, but how quickly star formation started remains controversial, with results from observations of early galaxies suggesting a slower start than distributions of distant gamma-ray bursts that trace young stars. However, simulations using standard prescriptions for energetic feedback from star formation (from stellar explosions and ionizing radiation) have tended to predict a substantially earlier peak than either of these methods shows.

Advances
Energetic feedback drives turbulence in diffuse gas that both promotes and inhibits star formation, with inhibition dominating over promotion, so that star formation does not efficiently trigger further star formation. Insufficient numerical resolution in simulations causes unphysical radiative cooling to occur in multiple ways, reducing the effectiveness of feedback in driving turbulence. Other mechanisms—such as magnetorotational instability, radiative heating, or accretion from the intergalactic medium—must also contribute to the observed gas velocity dispersions. Radiation pressure appears likely to be only modestly effective because of Rayleigh-Taylor instability in gas accelerated by it. Observed correlations between gas surface density and star-formation rate surface density can be reproduced by models including gravitational instability. Molecule formation may occur as a result of gravitational collapse rather than initiating it. Thus, gravitational instability seems to determine star formation, with the level of turbulence setting the critical density for instability.

Outlook

Determining the early history of star formation will require the efforts of the largest ground and space-based telescopes under construction, such as the James Webb Space Telescope
,
the European Extremely Large Telescope, and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. Progress in models requires both better algorithms and larger computers. Adaptive meshes, both structured and unstructured, will play a critical role, as will hybrid algorithms that can take full advantage of the shared memory nodes of massively parallel computer clusters. A clear picture of star formation will underpin our understanding of the evolution of galaxies, including our own Milky Way, and of the history of the production and distribution of the elements heavier than helium, including those necessary for planet formation and for life.
An Inactivated, Adjuvanted Whole Virion Clade 2.2 H5N1 (A/Chicken/Astana/6/05) Influenza Vaccine Is Safe and Immunogenic in a Single Dose in Humans
Authors: Sansyzbay Abylay R. , Erofeeva Marianna K. , Khairullin Berik M. , Sandybayev Nurlan T. , Kydyrbayev Zhailaubay K. , Mamadaliyev Seidigapbar M. , Kassenov Markhabat M. , Sergeeva Maria V. , Romanova Julia R. , Krivitskaya Vera Z. , Kiselev Oleg I. , Stukova Marina A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
In this study, we assessed in humans the immunogenicity and safety of one dose (7.5 or 15 μg of hemagglutinin [HA]) of a whole-virion inactivated prepandemic influenza vaccine adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide. The vaccine strain was made by reverse genetics from the highly pathogenic avian A/Chicken/Astana/6/05 (H5N1) clade 2.2 strain isolated from a dead bird in Kazakhstan. The humoral immune response was evaluated after a single vaccination by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) assays. The vaccine was safe and immunogenic, inducing seroconversion in 55% of the evaluated patients, with a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 17.1 and a geometric mean increase (GMI) of 3.42 after a dose of 7.5 μg in the HI test against the vaccine strain. The rate of seroconversion increased up to 70% when the dose of 15 μg was used. The percentages of individuals achieving anti-HA titers of ≥1:40 were 52.5% and 57.5% for the 7.5- and 15-μg dose groups, respectively. Similar results were obtained when antibodies were analyzed in an MN test. Substantial cross-neutralization titers (seroconversion in 35% and 52.5% of subjects in the two dose groups, respectively) were detected against heterologous clade 1 strain NIBRG14 (H5N1). Thus, one dose of this whole-virion prepandemic vaccine adjuvanted with aluminum has the potential to be effective against H5N1 viruses of different clades.
Recombinant Secreted Antigens from Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Delivered as a Cocktail Vaccine Enhance the Immune Response of Mice
Authors: Galli Vanessa , Simionatto Simone , Marchioro Silvana Beutinger , Klabunde Gustavo Henrique Ferrero , Conceição Fabricio Rochedo , Dellagostin Odir Antônio 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
is the etiological agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (EP), which is a respiratory disease responsible for huge economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. The commercially available vaccines provide only partial protection and are expensive. Thus, the development of alternatives for the prophylaxis of EP is critical for improving pig health. The use of multiple antigens in the same immunization may represent a promising alternative. In the present study, seven secreted proteins of
M. hyopneumoniae
were cloned, expressed in
Escherichia coli
, and evaluated for antigenicity using serum from naturally and experimentally infected pigs. In addition, the immunogenicity of the seven recombinant proteins delivered individually or in protein cocktail vaccines was evaluated in mice. In Western blot assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, most of the recombinant proteins evaluated were recognized by convalescent-phase serum from the animals, indicating that they are expressed during the infectious process. The recombinant proteins were also immunogenic, and most induced a mixed IgG1/IgG2a humoral immune response. The use of these proteins in a cocktail vaccine formulation enhanced the immune response compared to their use as antigens delivered individually, providing evidence of the efficacy of the multiple-antigen administration strategy for the induction of an immune response against
M. hyopneumoniae
.
Immunogenicity Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Clumping Factor A Genetic Variants
Authors: Brady Rebecca A. , Mocca Christopher P. , Burns Drusilla L. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

The staphylococcal adhesin clumping factor A (ClfA) has a variant amino acid sequence, generating the potential for alterations in epitope structure and immunogenicity of this vaccine candidate. We demonstrated for two recombinant ClfA
40–531
(a slightly truncated version of the fibrinogen-binding domain of ClfA containing amino acids 40 to 531) genetic variants that strain-specific epitopes are immunodominant. This work indicates that immune responses elicited by ClfA may, at least in part, be dependent on the strain of origin of the ClfA.
Increased Sensitivity in Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in HIV-Positive Patients through the Small-Membrane-Filter Method of Microscopy
Authors: Quincó Patrícia , Bührer-Sékula Samira , Brandão Walber , Monte Rossiclea , Souza Silvia Leopoldina , Saraceni Valeria , Palaci Moises , Dietze Reynaldo , Cordeiro-Santos Marcelo 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

The sensitivity of microscopy for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is around 50% but decreases by about 15% in patients with suspected TB who are coinfected with HIV. Here, we compared the accuracies of three microscopy methods for processing sputum smears (concentration by centrifugation with or without
N
-acetyl-
l
-cysteine [NALC] and concentration by filtration on a polycarbonate membrane) to that of culture on Ogawa-Kudoh medium as the gold standard method. Sputum samples were obtained from 432 patients with suspected pulmonary TB, of whom 60% were infected with HIV. Analysis was performed using the first specimen. Compared to the gold standard culture, the small-membrane-filter (SMF) method was the most sensitive microscopic method. In HIV-infected TB patients, the sensitivity of the SMF method was significantly higher than those for centrifugation of sputum samples with or without NALC treatment (61.9%, 47.6%, and 45.2%, respectively;
P
= 0.001). Similarly, in TB patients without HIV infection, the sensitivity of the SMF method was significantly higher than those for centrifugation of sputum samples with or without NALC treatment (81.8%, 63.6%, and 57.5%, respectively;
P
= 0.001). In the two study groups, TB patients with or without HIV, no significant differences between the specificities of the three methods were observed. Handling of the second sputum sample similarly by centrifugation with or without NALC and by the SMF method increased positivities by 13%, 11%, and 4%, respectively. The overall agreement between microscopy and culture was above 90% for all groups. Microscopic evaluation of the sputum samples treated with NALC compared to those not treated with NALC did not show any increase in sensitivity. Altogether, the sensitivity of the SMF method is higher than those of the other two microscopic methods studied without a loss of specificity.
Algorithm-Based Prediction of HIV-1 Subtype D Coreceptor Use
Authors: Dina Julia , Raymond Stephanie , Maillard Anne , Le Guillou-Guillemette Helene , Rodalec Audrey , Beby-Defaux Agnes , Giraudeau Genevieve , Vallet Sophie , Mourez Thomas , Payan Christopher , Vabret Astrid , Ruffault Annick , Ferre Virginie , Izopet Jacques , Plantier Jean-Christophe 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
We compared the coreceptor tropism-predicting performance of a specific genotypic algorithm for HIV-1 subtype D and that of the geno2pheno algorithm with different cutoffs. The D-specific algorithm and geno2pheno with a false-positivity rate cutoff of 2.5% had the same concordance with the phenotypic determination. The geno2pheno algorithm with a false-positivity rate cutoff of 2.5%, more sensitive but slightly less specific, seems to be an appropriate alternative.
Evaluation of Cycloserine-Cefoxitin Fructose Agar (CCFA), CCFA with Horse Blood and Taurocholate, and Cycloserine-Cefoxitin Mannitol Broth with Taurocholate and Lysozyme for Recovery of Clostridium difficile Isolates from Fecal Samples
Authors: Tyrrell Kerin L. , Citron Diane M. , Leoncio Eliza S. , Merriam C. Vreni , Goldstein Ellie J. C. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTCycloserine-cefoxitin fructose agar (CCFA), CCFA with horse blood and taurocholate (CCFA-HT), and cycloserine-cefoxitin mannitol broth with taurocholate and lysozyme (CCMB-TAL) were compared for recovery ofClostridium difficilefrom 120 stool specimens. Compared to CCFA, CCFA-HT enhancedC. difficilegrowth and improved recovery by 4%. In a separate study, 9% (8/91) of stool samples previouslyC. difficilenegative on plate medium wereC. difficilepositive when cultured in CCMB-TAL.
Epidemiological and Microbiological Characteristics of an Outbreak Caused by OXA-48-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Jerusalem, Israel
Authors: Adler Amos , Solter Ester , Masarwa Samira , Miller-Roll Tamar , Abu-Libdeh Bassam , Khammash Hatem , Najem Khalil , Dekadek Susan , Stein-Zamir Chen , Nubani Nafez , Kunbar Amin , Assous Marc Victor , Carmeli Yehuda , Schwaber Mitchell J. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

This study describes the course of an OXA-48-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
(OPE) outbreak that started in March 2012 in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Jerusalem, Israel. During the peak of the outbreak (January to August 2012), there were 49 patients who had proven or suspected acquisition of OPE in the NICU, including 16 with invasive infections, out of a total of 156 patients who were hospitalized during that period. Three children hospitalized in the pediatric ICU were identified as carriers of OPE. Three patients with a previous stay in the affected NICU were identified as OPE carriers upon admission to another hospital. The Ministry of Health was notified and then intervened in July 2012. Intervention included cohorting colonized patients, conducting frequent rectal-culture surveillance, and improving the implementation of infection control practices. As a result, the incidence of OPE acquisition declined to 5 cases in the first 4 months, followed by no new cases in the next 3 months. Thirty-one patient-unique isolates were available for analysis: 29
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolates, all belonging to a single clone (sequence type 39 [ST39]), and 2 isolates from
Enterobacter cloacae
. All isolates possessed the
bla
OXA-48
and
bla
CTX-M-14
genes, which are located on the same plasmid. This plasmid, similar to the global
bla
OXA-48
-harboring vector, has now acquired
bla
CTX-M-14
, leading to resistance to all β-lactam agents.
The Bracovirus Genome of the Parasitoid Wasp
Cotesia congregata
Is Amplified within 13 Replication Units, Including Sequences Not Packaged in the Particles
Authors: Louis Faustine , Bézier Annie , Periquet Georges , Ferras Cristina , Drezen Jean-Michel , Dupuy Catherine 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

The relationship between parasitoid wasps and polydnaviruses constitutes one of the few known mutualisms between viruses and eukaryotes. Viral particles are injected with the wasp eggs into parasitized larvae, and the viral genes thus introduced are used to manipulate lepidopteran host physiology. The genome packaged in the particles is composed of 35 double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) circles produced in wasp ovaries by amplification of viral sequences from proviral segments integrated in tandem arrays in the wasp genome. These segments and their flanking regions within the genome of the wasp
Cotesia congregata
were recently isolated, allowing extensive mapping of amplified sequences. The bracovirus DNAs packaged in the particles were found to be amplified within more than 12 replication units. Strikingly, the nudiviral cluster, the genes of which encode particle structural components, was also amplified, although not encapsidated. Amplification of bracoviral sequences was shown to involve successive head-to-head and tail-to-tail concatemers, which was not expected given the nudiviral origin of bracoviruses.
Coagulation Factor Binding Orientation and Dimerization May Influence Infectivity of Adenovirus-Coagulation Factor Complexes
Authors: Irons Eric E. , Flatt Justin W. , Doronin Konstantin , Fox Tara L. , Acchione Mauro , Stewart Phoebe L. , Shayakhmetov Dmitry M. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Adenoviruses (Ads) are promising vectors for therapeutic interventions in humans. When injected into the bloodstream, Ad vectors can bind several vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation factors, which contributes to virus sequestration in the liver by facilitating transduction of hepatocytes. Although both coagulation factors FVII and FX bind the hexon protein of human Ad serotype 5 (HAdv5) with a very high affinity, only FX appears to play a role in mediating Ad-hepatocyte transduction
in vivo
. To understand the discrepancy between efficacy of FVII binding to hexon and its apparently poor capacity for supporting virus cell entry, we analyzed the HAdv5-FVII complex by using high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) followed by molecular dynamic flexible fitting (MDFF) simulations. The results indicate that although hexon amino acids T423, E424, and T425, identified earlier as critical for FX binding, are also involved in mediating binding of FVII, the FVII GLA domain sits within the surface-exposed hexon trimer depression in a different orientation from that found for FX. Furthermore, we found that when bound to hexon, two proximal FVII molecules interact via their serine protease (SP) domains and bury potential heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) receptor binding residues within the dimer interface. In contrast, earlier cryo-EM studies of the Ad-FX interaction showed no evidence of dimer formation. Dimerization of FVII bound to Ad may be a contributing mechanistic factor for the differential infectivity of Ad-FX and Ad-FVII complexes, despite high-affinity binding of both these coagulation factors to the virus.