bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a UV Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Proteolytic Activity of Enzymatic Detergents
Authors: Lopes Leonardo S. , Silva Filipe S. Q. , Silva Adriana S. , Delgado Isabella F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEnzymatic detergents are widely used in health services. These products should be controlled to ensure their activity. In this paper, a UV spectrophotometric method for the determination of proteolytic activity in enzymatic detergents was validated. An artificial substrate (azocasein) was used to quantify the enzyme activity at 340 nm. The results showed that the method was satisfactory in respect to its specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness. This method fulfills both ICH's and Brazilian criteria, demonstrating its suitability for routine analysis as well as its potential application for regulatory purposes.
The MANDATE model for evaluating interventions to reduce postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: McClure Elizabeth M. , Rouse Doris J. , MacGuire Emily R. , Jones Bonnie , Griffin Jennifer B. , Jobe Alan H. , Kamath‐Rayne Beena D. , Shaffer Craig , Goldenberg Robert L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo create a comprehensive model of the comparative impact of various interventions on maternal, fetal, and neonatal (MFN) mortality.MethodsThe major conditions and sub‐conditions contributing to MFN mortality in low‐resource areas were identified, and the prevalence and case fatality rates documented. Available interventions were mapped to these conditions, and intervention coverage and efficacy were identified. Finally, a computer model developed by the Maternal and Neonatal Directed Assessment of Technology (MANDATE) initiative estimated the potential of current and new interventions to reduce mortality.ResultsFor PPH, the sub‐causes, prevalence, and MFN case fatality rates were calculated. Available interventions were mapped to these sub‐causes. Most available interventions did not prevent or treat the overall condition of PPH, but rather sub‐conditions associated with hemorrhage and thus prevented only a fraction of the associated deaths.ConclusionThe majority of current interventions address sub‐conditions that cause death, rather than the overall condition; thus, the potential number of lives saved is likely to be overestimated. Additionally, the location at which mother and infant receive care affects intervention effectiveness and, therefore, the potential to save lives. A comprehensive view of MFN conditions is needed to understand the impact of any potential intervention.
Comparative study of a new organic selenium source v. seleno-yeast and mineral selenium sources on muscle selenium enrichment and selenium digestibility in broiler chickens
Authors: Briens Mickaël , Mercier Yves , Rouffineau Friedrich , Vacchina Veronique , Geraert Pierre-André 
Published: January 2013

Two experiments were conducted on broiler chickens to compare the effect of a new organic Se source, 2-hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid (HMSeBA; SO), with two practical Se additives, sodium selenite (SS) and Se yeast (SY). The relative bioavailability of the different Se sources was compared on muscle (pectoralis major) total Se, selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocysteine (SeCys) concentrations and apparent digestibility of total Se (ADSe). In the first experiment, from day (d) 0 to d21, Se sources were tested at different supplied levels and compared with an unsupplemented diet (NC). No significant effects were observed on growth performance during the experimental period. However, the different Se sources and levels improved muscle Se concentration compared with the NC, with a significant source effect in the following order: SS < SY < SO (P< 0·05). Seleno-amino acids speciation results for NC, SY and SO at 0·3 mg Se/kg feed indicated that muscle Se was only present as SeMet or SeCys, showing a full conversion of Se by the bird. The second experiment (d0–d24) compared SS, SY or SO at 0·3 mg Se/kg feed. The ADSe measurements carried out between d20 and d23 were 24, 46 and 49 % for SS, SY and SO, respectively, with significant differences between the organic and mineral Se sources (P< 0·05). These results confirmed the higher bioavailability of organic Se sources compared with the mineral source and demonstrated a significantly better efficiency of HMSeBA compared with SY for muscle Se enrichment.
Impairment in instrumental activities of daily living with high cognitive demand is an early marker of mild cognitive impairment: the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study
Authors: Reppermund S. , Brodaty H. , Crawford J. D. , Kochan N. A. , Draper B. , Slavin M. J. , Trollor J. N. , Sachdev P. S. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundCriteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) consider impairment in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) as exclusionary, but cross-sectional studies suggest that some high-level functional deficits are present in MCI. This longitudinal study examines informant-rated IADL in MCI, compared with cognitively normal (CN) older individuals, and explores whether functional abilities, particularly those with high cognitive demand, are predictors of MCI and dementia over a 2-year period in individuals who were CN at baseline.MethodA sample of 602 non-demented community dwelling individuals (375 CN and 227 with MCI) aged 70–90 years underwent baseline and 24-month assessments that included cognitive and medical assessments and an interview with a knowledgeable informant on functional abilities with the Bayer Activities of Daily Living Scale.ResultsSignificantly more deficits in informant-reported IADL with high cognitive demand were present in MCI compared with CN individuals at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Functional ability in CN individuals at baseline, particularly in activities with high cognitive demand, predicted MCI and dementia at follow-up. Difficulties with highly cognitively demanding activities specifically predicted amnestic MCI but not non-amnestic MCI whereas those with low cognitive demand did not predict MCI or dementia. Age, depressive symptoms, cardiovascular risk factors and the sex of the informant did not contribute to the prediction.ConclusionsIADL are affected in individuals with MCI, and IADL with a high cognitive demand show impairment predating the diagnosis of MCI. Subtle cognitive impairment is therefore likely to be a major hidden burden in society.
In the name of meritocracy: managers' perceptions of policies and practices for training older workers
Authors: MARTIN GREGORY , DYMOCK DARRYL , BILLETT STEPHEN , JOHNSON GREER 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTWorkplaces, managers and employers who are seeking to maintain the standing, capacities and productivity of their workplaces are now facing two crucial facts: (a) an ageing workforce and (b) all workers, regardless of age, need to adapt to the changing requirements for workplace performance. These facts mean that managers and supervisors need to confront issues found in the changing demographics of their own workforce. That is, as the portion of workforces aged over 45 years (i.e.older workers) increases, it is these workers who are available to be employed, and supported in sustaining their ongoing employability. To address these issues requires understanding of particular workers' capacities and aspirations and then acting to develop further their capacities based on new understanding, and rebutting social sentiments about these workers that are often value-laden, contradictory and biased. The case here is made through drawing on literature and analyses of interview data of Australian managers of older workers, that the current logic of management relies upon deeply held and widely shared beliefs of age-blind meritocracy and equal opportunity rather than informed views.
Regulating health claims on food labels using nutrient profiling: what will the proposed standard mean in the Australian supermarket?
Authors: Hughes Clare , Wellard Lyndal , Lin Jing , Suen Ka Lun , Chapman Kathy 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveProposed Australian regulation of claims on food labels includes requirements for products carrying a health claim to meet nutrient profiling criteria. This would not apply to nutrition content claims. The present study investigated the number and healthiness of products carrying claims and the impact of the proposed regulation.DesignObservational survey of claims on food packages across three categories: non-alcoholic beverages, breakfast cereals and cereal bars. Nutrient profiling was applied to products carrying claims to determine their eligibility to carry health claims under the proposed regulation.SettingThree large metropolitan stores from the three major supermarket chains in Sydney, Australia were surveyed in August 2011.SubjectsAll claims on 1028 products were recorded. Nutrition composition and ingredients were collected from the packaging, enabling nutrient profiling. The proportion of products in each category carrying claims and the proportion of these that did not meet the nutrient profiling criteria were calculated.ResultsTwo-thirds of products in the three categories (ranging from 18 to 78 %) carried at least one claim. Of those carrying health claims, 31 % did not meet the nutrient profiling criteria. These would be ineligible to carry these claims under the proposed regulation. Additionally, 29 % of products carrying nutrition content claims did not meet the nutrient profiling criteria.ConclusionsThe number of products carrying nutrition content claims that did not meet the nutrient profiling criteria suggests that comprehensive regulation is warranted. Promotion of unhealthy foods using claims is potentially misleading for consumers and hinders their ability to select healthier foods. Implementation of the proposed regulation represents an improvement to current practice.
Microstructural and Chemical Characterization of Ordered Structure in Yttrium Doped Ceria
Authors: Yan Pengfei , Mori Toshiyuki , Wu Yuanyuan , Li Zhimin , Auchterlonie Graeme John , Zou Jin , Drennan John 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe ordered structures in different doping levels (x = 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3) of yttrium doped ceria (YDC, Ce(1−x)YxO2−δ) electrolytes were investigated by electron diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning TEM, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Oxygen vacancy ordering was experimentally confirmed within the ordered structures. With increasing the doping level, the concentration of trivalent Ce cations was increased in YDC samples and such trivalent Ce cations were supposed to mainly exist in the ordered structures. Based on our electron microscopic observation and microanalysis, a crystal model for the ordered structures is proposed.
Cognitive impairments from developmental exposure to serotonergic drugs: citalopram and MDMA
Authors: Schaefer Tori L. , Grace Curtis E. , Braun Amanda A. , Amos-Kroohs Robyn M. , Graham Devon L. , Skelton Matthew R. , Williams Michael T. , Vorhees Charles V. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe previously showed that developmental 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) treatment induces long-term spatial and egocentric learning and memory deficits and serotonin (5-HT) reductions. During brain development, 5-HT is a neurotrophic factor influencing neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, migration, and target field organization. MDMA (10 mg/kg × 4/d at 2 h intervals) given on post-natal day (PD) 11–20 in rats (a period of limbic system development that approximates human third trimester brain development) induces 50% reductions in 5-HT during treatment and 20% reductions when assessed as adults. To determine whether the 5-HT reduction is responsible for the cognitive deficits, we used citalopram (Cit) pretreatment to inhibit the effects of MDMA on 5-HT reuptake in a companion study. Cit attenuated MDMA-induced 5-HT reductions by 50% (Schaefer et al., 2012). Here we tested whether Cit (5 or 7.5 mg/kg × 2/d) pretreatment attenuates the cognitive effects of MDMA. Within each litter, different offspring were treated on PD11–20 with saline (Sal) + MDMA, Cit + MDMA, Cit + Sal or Sal + Sal. Neither spatial nor egocentric learning/memory was improved by Cit pretreatment. Unexpectedly, Cit + Sal (at both doses) produced spatial and egocentric learning deficits as severe as those caused by Sal + MDMA. These are the first data showing cognitive deficits resulting from developmental exposure to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. These data indicate the need for further research on the long-term safety of antidepressants during pregnancy.
Histamine infused into basolateral amygdala enhances memory consolidation of inhibitory avoidance
Authors: Benetti Fernando , Izquierdo Ivan 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The role of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in the consolidation of aversive memory is well established. Here we investigate the involvement of the histaminergic system in BLA on this variable. Rats were chronically implanted with bilateral cannulae in the BLA and after recovery were trained in a one-trial step-down inhibitory avoidance task. Immediately after training histaminergic compounds either alone or in combination were infused through the cannulae. Memory was assessed in test sessions carried out 24 h after the training session. Post-training histamine (1–10 nmol; 0.5 µl/side) enhanced consolidation and the histamine H3 receptor antagonist thioperamide (50 nmol; 0.5 µl/side) impaired memory consolidation. The effect was shared by the histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor SKF-91844 (50 nmol; 0.5 µl/side) as well as by the H3 receptor agonist imetit (10 nmol; 0.5 µl/side). The promnesic action of histamine was unaffected by the H1 receptor antagonist pyrilamine (50 nmol; 0.5 µl/side). The H1 receptor agonist pyridylethylamine (10 nmol; 0.5 µl/side), the H2 agonist dimaprit (10 nmol; 0.5 µl/side) and the H2 antagonist ranitidine (50 nmol; 0.5 µl/side) were ineffective. Histaminergic compounds infused into the BLA had no effect on open-field or elevated plus-maze behaviour. The data show that histamine induces a dose-dependent mnemonic effect in rats and indicate that this reflects a role of endogenous histamine in the BLA mediated by H3 receptors.
Critical agrarianism
Authors: Carlisle Liz 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper develops the concept of ‘critical agrarianism’ to describe and advance the pursuit of land-based work as a means of realizing social justice and environmental sustainability. Encouraging new agrarianism to more carefully scrutinize its agenda, critical agrarianism celebrates the promise of a close working relationship with the natural world while insisting that a return to the land—per se—is insufficient. In the practice of linking people and land, past and present, critical agrarianism continually questions and reshapes the very category of agrarian, toward a more equitable and enduring prosperity. I revisit both canonical agrarian writing and its critics, pulling out ‘back-pocket tools’ that can keep critical agrarians on track in building our alternative futures. I then offer several case studies of critical agrarianism in practice, encouraging a move beyond idealized models of agrarian ties, toward an empirical account of who has actually been doing the work to put food on the table. Noting the historical gap between working the landscape and having a property or citizenship right, I call for an agrarianism in which practices—not land title—are the basis of material and social community. Furthermore, I suggest that agrarianism must extend its web outward rather than inward, forging connections to the work of land tenure reform, education, community development, immigrant advocacy and trade policy. To be a critical agrarian is not to preserve fixed social-natural ties, but rather to practice a powerfully open and dialogical engagement with the world and one another.
Effects of stance angle on postural stability and performance with national‐standard air pistol competitors
Authors: Hawkins Richard Nelson 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe effects of stance angle on postural stability and shooting processes were studied using eight national‐standard male air‐pistol shooters. Each shooter performed 60 shots each in four stance angles (0°, 15°, 30° and 45° from the line of fire). Postural stability was determined by measuring change in centre of pressure with a dual‐force platform system assessing centre‐of‐pressure (COP) excursion (average difference of the centre of pressure from the mean) and COP speed (total COP path divided by time). Shooting process measures were determined by using a NOPTEL ST‐2000 optoelectronic system. Score was assessed with a Sius Ascor S10 electronic scoring system. The results revealed no significant difference among the various stance angles; COP excursion or COP speed, p>0.05. Results indicated a significant stance angle effect with the shooting process measure, hit fine (percentage of hold within an area the size of the 10‐ring when centred over the actual shot; p = 0.025) and the shooting performance measure adjusted score (raw score adjusted for true zero; p=0.008). Moreover, best overall performance was with a stance angle of 15°. These findings suggest that stance angle may affect pistol stability and performance in air‐pistol athletes.
Indirect measures of substrate utilisation following exercise‐induced muscle damage
Authors: Hughes Jonathan , Chapman Phillip , Brown Stephen , Johnson Nathan , Stannard Stephen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study investigated whether exercise‐induced muscle damage (EIMD) resulted in changes to whole‐body substrate utilisation during exercise performed during the subsequent 48 hours. Eight males (31±6 years) performed 30 minutes of bench‐stepping exercise. One leg performed eccentric contractions (Ecc) by lowering the body whilst the control leg performed concentric contractions (Con) by raising the body. On the two days following bench‐stepping exercise participants performed measures of muscle function on an isokinetic dynamometer and undertook a bout of one leg cycling exercise, at two differing workloads, with the first workload (WL1) at 1.5±0.25 W/kg and the second workload (WL2) at 1.8±0.25 W/kg with each leg. Expired respiratory gases were collected during cycling to estimate whole body substrate utilisation. There were significant decrements in measures of muscular performance (isometric force, concentric and eccentric torque) and increased perception of soreness in Ecc compared with Con (P < 0.05). The effect of the Ecc treatment on substrate utilisation during one‐legged cycling revealed a significant trial×time interaction with higher rates of CHO oxidation in the Ecc condition compared with Con that were further increased 48 hours later (P = 0.02). A significant treatment×time×effort interaction (P < 0.01) indicated the effect of the treatment altered as workload increased with higher rates of CHO oxidation occurring in WL2. This is consistent with greater reliance upon muscle glycogen. Suggesting that in EIMD, reductions in strength and increased feelings of soreness can be associated with greater reliance upon intramuscular CHO oxidation, than lipid, during subsequent concentric work.
Prognostic relevance of a non‐invasive evaluation of right ventricular function and pulmonary artery pressure in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Ghio Stefano , Temporelli Pier Luigi , Klersy Catherine , Simioniuc Anca , Girardi Bruna , Scelsi Laura , Rossi Andrea , Cicoira Mariantonietta , Genta Franco Tarro , Dini Frank L. 
Published: January 2013

AimTo determine the prognostic relevance of the echocardiographic evaluation of pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction have both been associated with poor prognosis in CHF.Methods and resultsA complete echocardiographic examination was performed in 658 outpatients with CHF and LVEF <45%. PASP was available in 544 (83%) patients, TAPSE in all patients, and E wave deceleration time (DT) in 643 (98%) patients. During a median follow‐up period of 38 months, 125 patients died, 5 underwent urgent heart transplantation, and 5 had an appropriately detected and treated episode of ventricular fibrillation. At Cox survival analysis (composite endpoint was death, urgent heart transplantation, and ventricular fibrillation), patients with PASP ≥40 mmHg plus TAPSE ≤14 mm had a poorer prognosis than those with high PASP but preserved TAPSE; RV dysfunction associated with normal PASP did not carry additional risks. Similar results were obtained when patients were grouped on the basis of DT (restrictive vs. non restrictive) and TAPSE.ConclusionsA simple echocardiographic evaluation of PASP and RV function with TAPSE may improve risk stratification in patients with CHF. Importantly, if PASP cannot be recorded at echocardiography, a restrictive DT, measurable in the vast majority of patients, may be coupled with TAPSE to stratify patients.
Relating Creamy Perception of Whey Protein Enriched Yogurt Systems to Instrumental Data by Means of Multivariate Data Analysis
Authors: Krzeminski Alina , Tomaschunas Maja , Köhn Ehrhard , Busch‐Stockfisch Mechthild , Weiss Jochen , Hinrichs Jörg 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTYogurts differing in fat content, protein content, and casein to whey protein ratio were produced, and structurally as well as sensorially examined. The objective of the current research was to evaluate the predictive value of rheological and particle size measurements concerning sensory appearance and texture attributes in 13 differently composed stirred yogurt systems, with a focus on graininess, viscosity, and creaminess. Structural and sensory analyses showed large differences in texture properties between the tested yogurt systems. Both data sets were correlated by means of multivariate statistical methods. Sensory graininess was highly correlated with particle size‐related parameters, sensory viscosity was highly correlated with destructive rheological parameters, and creamy perception was highly correlated with particle size‐related parameters and destructive rheological parameters but was not as well described by any oscillatory parameter. Best predictive ability (r2 > 0.89) was found for creaminess combining particle size related‐ and destructive rheological parameters tested within this study.Practical Application: Knowing the instrumental parameters describing sensory textural attributes provides important information for having a better understanding of the underlying processes during consumer's perception. Knowledge about the sensory behavior of a product and its oral processing imparts an opportunity to fasten the product development process. By means of yogurt systems instrumental parameters derived from particle size analysis and rheological measurements were correlated with sensory attributes in order to determine the main factors leading to the mouthfeel sensations grainy, viscous, and creamy of semisolid milk products.