bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the societal value of a prospective drug for ME/CFS in Germany
Authors: Gandjour Afschin 
Published: July 2024

Background
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) imposes a substantial societal and economic burden. The aim of this study is to ascertain the optimal level of public research and development (R&D) investment in Germany for a prospective drug, given the pressing need for effective treatments.

Methods
This study calculates the societal value from a German perspective by integrating health and economic outcomes in the context of public R&D investment for ME/CFS. It considers factors such as direct medical costs, productivity loss, and the effectiveness of a prospective drug.

Results
The anticipated introduction of a prospective drug is estimated to yield a quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gain of approximately 29,000 and a societal value of about €2.6 billion. The optimal R&D investment in Germany is estimated at €676 million, which represents about a quarter of the total investment required to bring a significant drug to market, considering diminishing returns and market constraints. Results were confirmed in the sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions
The study concludes that a coordinated international approach is imperative to address the funding and market size limitations effectively in developing treatments for ME/CFS and to realize the substantial societal and economic benefits.
Exploration of weekly variation in naloxone possession and carriage among people who use opioids in New York City before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Roth Alexis M. , Ward Kathleen M. , Hensel Devon J. , Elliott Luther , Bennett Alex S. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Naloxone is critical for reversing opioid-related overdoses. However, there is a dearth of research examining how naloxone possession and carriage are impacted by time-varying individual and social determinants, and if this differed during the height of the COVID-related mitigation measures (e.g., shutdowns).

Methods
We utilized weekly ecological momentary assessments (EMA) to measure factors associated with naloxone possession and carriage among 40 people who use illicit opioids in New York City, for 24 months. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the frequency of weeks with consistent naloxone possession and carriage. Mixed effects binary and multivariable logistic regression was used to test for the impact of time-varying EMA- and baseline-level factors on each outcome.

Results
Approximately 70% of weekly EMAs were associated with consistent naloxone possession or carriage. In multivariable models, compared to during the height of the COVID-related shutdowns (March 12, 2020-May 19, 2021), the time before was associated with lower odds of consistent possession (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.05, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.01–0.15) and consistent carriage (OR = 0.06, CI = 0.01–0.25). Additionally, being female (OR = 11.15, CI = 2.85–43.42), being White versus being Black or Hispanic/Latinx (OR = 8.05, CI = 1.96–33.06), and lifetime overdose (OR = 1.96, CI = 1.16–19.80) were associated with higher odds of consistent possession. Recent opioid injection (OR = 3.66, CI = 1.34–9.94), being female (OR = 7.91, CI = 3.91–8.23), and being White (OR = 5.77, CI = 1.35–24.55) were associated with higher odds of consistent carriage. Not wanting to be perceived as a drug user was reported in nearly one third (29.0%; 190/656) of EMAs where inconsistent possession was reported.

Conclusions
Our findings paint a relatively positive picture of possession and carriage during COVID-related shutdowns, particularly among white and female participants, and highlight the importance of capturing time-varying factors to understand naloxone-related behavior. To curb growing disparities, outreach to equip Black and Hispanic/Latinx people with naloxone is needed as well as interventions to reduce stigma as a barrier to naloxone engagement.
UGT1A4*3 polymorphism influences serum concentration and therapeutic effect of lamotrigine for epilepsy treatment: A meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Zhimei , Fu Yuzhi , Shen Hongxin 
Published: July 2024

Background
Lamotrigine as a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug, is widely applied and its clinical efficacy is highly recognized. However, significant differences are observed in blood drug concentration of lamotrigine among individuals, which may have an impact on its efficacy. UGT1A4 is the main metabolic enzyme. However, it was inconsistent for the influence of UGT1A4 genetic polymorphism on concentration and efficacy of lamotrigine therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the influences of UGT1A4*3 genetic polymorphisms on lamotrigine concentration and therapeutic effect through meta-analysis.

Methods
The literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Wan Fang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database until January 2024. The primary outcome included the mean serum concentration, concentration-to-dose-ratio by body weight (CDR), or efficacy related to different UGT1A4*3 genotype for lamotrigine therapy. Data were collected to access the Mean Difference or odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.2.

Results
A total of eleven studies were enrolled. The meta-analysis for mean serum concentration of lamotrigine showed no significant difference between patients carrying TT genotypes and TG and GG genotypes group (MD: 0.12, 95% [-0.35, 0.58], P = 0.62). There was significant difference in CDR (MD: 0.49, 95% [0.03, 0.94], P = 0.04) and therapeutic efficacy (OR: 7.18, 95% [4.01, 12.83], P<0.00001) of lamotrigine, however no significant difference was found in subgroup analysis of CDR of children (MD: 0.03, 95% [-0.35, 0.42], P = 0.87) between patients carrying TT genotypes and TG and GG genotypes group.

Conclusions
Polymorphism of UGT1A4*3 influenced the CDR and therapeutic efficacy of lamotrigine for antiepileptic therapy. Genotype analysis provided reference for personalized medication in the future. However, more high-quality evidences are necessary for precise and definitive conclusion.
Cardiometabolic diseases and associated risk factors in transitional rural communities in tropical coastal Ecuador
Authors: Gualan Monsermin , Ster Irina Chis , Veloz Tatiana , Granadillo Emily , Llangari-Arizo Luz M. , Rodriguez Alejandro , Critchley Julia A. , Whincup Peter , Martin Miguel , Romero-Sandoval Natalia , Cooper Philip J. 
Published: July 2024

Background
There is a growing epidemic of chronic non-communicable diseases in low and middle-income countries, often attributed to urbanization, although there are limited data from marginalized rural populations. This study aimed to estimate prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases and associated risk factors in transitional rural communities.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of Montubio adults aged 18–94 years living in agricultural communities in a tropical coastal region of Ecuador. Data were collected by questionnaires and anthropometry, and fasting blood was analyzed for glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, and lipid profiles. Population-weighted prevalences of diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome were estimated. Associations between potential risk factors and outcomes were estimated using multilevel regression techniques adjusted for age and sex.

Results
Out of 1,010 adults recruited, 931 were included in the analysis. Weighted prevalences were estimated for diabetes (20.4%, 95% CI 18.3–22.5%), hypertension (35.6%, 95% CI 29.0–42.1%), and metabolic syndrome (54.2%. 95% CI 47.0–61.5%) with higher prevalence observed in women. Hypertension prevalence increased with age while diabetes and metabolic syndrome peaked in the 6th and 7th decades of life, declining thereafter. Adiposity indicators were associated with diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion
We observed an unexpectedly high prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome in these marginalized agricultural communities. Transitional rural communities are increasingly vulnerable to the development of cardiometabolic risk factors and diseases. There is a need for targeted primary health strategies to reduce the burden of premature disability and death in these communities.
WALKING ON TRANSITION: PERAN PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT (FRIEND) SEBAGAI MODERATOR PADA PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING TERHADAP PENYESUAIAN DIRI MAHASISWA BARU
Authors: Dara Yuliezar Perwira , Harmanto Prezilia Ramadhanti , Asmarani Dea Resta Cicilia , Rahma Ulifa , Faizah Faizah 
Published: July 2024

Penyesuaian diri atau adjustment bagi mahasiswa diperlukan dalam berbagai setting kehidupan, baik secara akademis maupun non akademis. Kemampuan mereka dalam beradapatasi sangat bervariasi tergantung pada latar belakang, pengalaman, lingkungan sekolah sebelumnya, dan lingkungan perguruan tinggi saat ini. Adjustment adalah proses untuk mengenali dan mengadopsi cara-cara berperilaku yang sesuai, baik secara sosial maupun emosi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran perceived social support (friend) sebagai variabel moderator penting dari korelasi antara psychological well-being dan penyesuaian mahasiswa baru di perguruan tinggi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan karakteristik subjek yaitu mahasiswa baru aktif di perguruan tinggi, dengan jumlah subjek sebanyak 751 subyek, terdiri dari 205 mahasiswa dan 546 mahasiswi. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel yaitu menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tiga skala yaitu 1) Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) (α=.85), 2) Ryff’s Scale of Psychological well-being dan 3) Inventory of New College Student Adjustment (INCA): dimensi supportive network (α=.83) dan belief in self (α=.77). Teknik Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) digunakan untuk melakukan pengujian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis, diperoleh hasil bahwa keberadaan perceived social support (friends) sebagai variabel moderator dapat memperkuat peran antara variabel psychological well-being terhadap penyesuaian mahasiswa baru, dengan nilai signifikansi .000 (p<.05). Besar peran variabel moderator adalah 24.1%.
The construct of integrated group discussion (IGD) among undergraduate students: to what extent does group discussion performance reflect performance on IGD tasks?
Authors: Cheong Choo Mui , Xu Wandong , Pang Wanru , Zhu Siyu , Liao Xian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Integrated group discussion (IGD) tasks represent a new type of integrated speaking task that requires students to communicate with their peers after comprehending and using provided source materials. With its potential to enhance effective communication and information literacy, IGD stands at the core of language education. Although the IGD task type has become increasingly popular, its construct is still unexplored. In this study, 124 Hong Kong undergraduate students completed an IGD task and a group discussion (GD) task (i.e., without source materials) in Putonghua. Four factors, speech and expression, content with source use, interaction, and language usage, were extracted to represent IGD performance. Two indicators of GD performance (linguistic expression and engagement in interaction) significantly predicted IGD performance, explaining 21.9 % of its total variance. The large proportion of unexplained IGD performance variance suggests that IGD tasks may be worth implementing. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed in details.
Listenership always matters: active listening ability in L2 business English paired speaking tasks
Authors: Gao Wei , Wang Menghan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Active listening, foundational for meaningful social interaction, plays a pivotal role in enhancing interactional competence (IC) during dialogues. Despite its importance, current second language (L2) assessments, such as the TOEFL iBT and the Business English Certificate (BEC) Preliminary, notably does not include active listening in their evaluation metrics. The research presented here contributes significantly to this discourse by foregrounding the imperative of listener responses (LRs) in L2 communication and the diverse interactional functions they serve across different cultures. Notably, variations emerge, with Chinese speakers exhibiting more restrained verbal feedback compared to the more vocally expressive English counterparts. This study stands apart by underscoring the necessity of updating current L2 assessment rubrics, which currently prioritize grammatical proficiency, pronunciation, and vocabulary. By weaving in active listening, assessments can become more holistic, capturing more comprehensively a learner’s L2 interactional ability. Through rigorous quantitative and qualitative methodologies, this investigation probes the influence of active listening on BEC speaking test outcomes. Its findings are poised to revolutionize assessment strategies, urging a more encompassing approach that factors in both verbal and non-verbal cues, thereby reflecting genuine linguistic and interactional competence.
The Nature of Her Business
Authors: Kaidantzis Janet 
Published: July 2024

Josephine Foster was doing her very best to feminize the wilderness. Sprinkling feminine imagery throughout her 1905 article for a women’s publication, she described the natural beauty of Glen Alpine Springs and encouraged her readers to discover for themselves the vacation pleasures of tramping in the mountains above Lake Tahoe, California.
While Foster coaxed women into the wilds, another woman worked to keep them comfortable there. Throughout that summer, Foster hiked, climbed, and got tired, but at the end of the day, a warm bed and a hot meal awaited her because Katherine Chandler was back managing Glen Alpine Springs resort and taking good care of her guests.
While women vacationing in the outdoors found freedom, female resort proprietors found opportunity. At a time when women faced limited choices in work outside the home, Katherine Chandler and other female resort proprietors found ways to turn traditional expectations of femininity to their advantage as businesswomen and outdoor enthusiasts. A collection of twenty unpublished letters written by Katherine Chandler, manager of Glen Alpine Springs to the resort’s owner, Susan Gilmore Pierce, forms the basis of this research. This essay knits together several strands in the historiographies of women in business, and women in the outdoors during the late Victorian and Progressive eras while contributing to the history of early tourism at Lake Tahoe.
Situación de salud de las comunidades indígenas nasas, Santander de Quilichao, Cauca, Colombia, 1999-2000
Authors: Ríos M Luz Estella , Álvarez A Andrés José , Escobar V José Pablo , Corrales C Dora Alba , Escobar M Margarita 
Published: July 2024

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de cohorte transversal y se complementó con un análisis cualitativo de tipo etnográfico sobre la situación de salud y las percepciones sobre los servicios de salud en cuatro comunidades indígenas. Con la participación de la red de promotores de salud y auxiliares voluntarios indígenas se aplicaron 211 encuestas familiares. Las comunidades indígenas nasas estudiadas presentaban una precaria situación de salud, principalmente manifiesta en regulares condiciones sanitarias de las viviendas, una economía de subsistencia y elevada frecuencia de enfermedades infectocontagiosas, como la infección respiratoria, la enfermedad diarreica aguda, enfermedades de piel y la tuberculosis pulmonar. los nasas conocía bien los servicios de salud que les ofrece la red propia institucional, hacia un buen uso de los recursos tradicionales de la salud, que preservan su identidad cultural, y en su comunidad se presentaba un sincretismo explícito que refleja la introducción a importantes practicas curativas. El sistema de seguridad social en salud cubría un elevado porcentaje de la población, principalmente por medio del régimen subsidiado, pero aunque existía una empresa indígena para la atención de personas, se presentaban dificultades de acceso colectivo a los servicios institucionales de salud.
Conceptos y prácticas en salud pública: algunas reflexiones
Authors: De Carvalho-Mesquita Ayres José Ricardo 
Published: July 2024

El autor se propone revisar algunos conceptos trascedentes para el quehacer de la salud pública: subjetividad/intersubjetividad, identidad/alteridad, éxito técnico/logro práctico y tratamiento /cuidado.Alrededor de la subjetividad/intersubjetividad, discute las características de permanencia o de mismidad y de producción en la constitución de la subjetividad. Propone que le sujeto no existe sino como conciencia de alteridad, ya que su individualización está dada por la “resistencia” que hace la presencia del otro a la universalización de si ser. Como relación identidad/alteridad, trabaja sobre el dilema consistente en mantener criterios universales que homogenizan a los diversos sujetos o respetar a toda costa sus identidades. Propone mantener algunos criterios universales como una especie de “piso común” sobre el cual sería posible el dialogo entre los diversos. Sobre éxito técnico/logro práctico, analiza a partir de la idea de normatividad, l a diferencia entre el éxito técnico, que para el caso de la acción en salud podría ser el control de las enfermedades y, por otro lado, el logro práctico que implica tomar en cuenta, además de la norma técnica, la idea que los diversos tienen acerca de lo que es “buen vivir” o de la felicidad. Finalmente acerca de tratamiento /cuidado, señala que el concepto de tratamiento (reparación) comporta una relación “objetificante” en cuanto significa aplicación de una técnica para conseguir un objetivo claramente delineado. Propone mudar estos conceptos hacia el de “cuidado” por medio del cual las acciones de salud deberían procurar la realización de los sujetos en cuanto seres humanos.
Caracterización de los presuntos delitos sexuales evaluados por el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, Medellín, 1995-2000
Authors: García R Edwin , Herrera J John Fredy , López L Lucelly , Grisales R Hugo 
Published: July 2024

Se caracterizan loas presuntos delitos sexuales per el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, según variables de persona, tiempo y lugar y circunstancia, entre los años evaluados por el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, Medellín 1995-2000, con base en 3.263 hojas d e ruta sexologícas correspondientes a aquellas personas que denunciaron algún tipo de delito sexual y cuyo reporte fue evaluado por el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses. La edad mediana de las victimas fue de 11 años, con predomino del sexo femenino (86,2%), al igual que aquellas con ocupación estudiante (51,9%). el lugar donde mas presuntas agresiones ocurrieron fue en la casa de la victima (60,3), donde el acto sexual predomino especialmente en niños de entre 3 meses y 7 años. El agresor mas frecuente fue una persona conocida (65,7%), entre los que sobresalen el padre y el padrastro. el presunto delito más evaluado fue el acceso carnal (59,8%). Se encontró que por cada 100.000 habitantes, en el año 2000, se presentaron aproximadamente 161 presuntos delitos sexuales, en una relación de 6 en mujeres por 1 en los hombres. Aquellas presuntas victimas con 14 años o menos quintuplicaron las tasas de los mayores de 14 años. Se sugiere el mejoramiento de la calidad de la información institucional y estrategias de acción hacia la comunidad.
La noción de “salud pública”: consecuencias de la polisemia
Authors: Gómez A Rubén Darío 
Published: July 2024

Este ensayo examina la polisemia alrededor de la noción de salud púbica y de las implicaciones de este hecho para la formulación y análisis de políticas públicas de salud. Se sustentan los siguientes argumentos centrales: a) al igual que ocurre con los términos y conceptos, usados tanto en la vida cotidiana cono el argot de las ciencias, la noción de salud publica es polisémica y alberga por lo menos tres grandes grupos de significados: como saber, como practica y como realidad social; b) la variedad de significados atribuidos al término “salud publica”, es el producto de situaciones históricas que se imponen a la construcción de la noción , y configuran núcleos de poder alrededor de imaginarios donde se anidan intereses opuestos; la polisemia deja de ser un problema académico cuando se convierte en el fundamento d e políticas publicas y asumen entonces una dimensión ética y política. Es en este campo donde el artículo pretende suscitar una sana discusión.
Build Better Tomorrow: Assessing Youth Insight Towards Agribusiness in Manyara Region, Tanzania.
Authors: Edson Kubetta Nitike 
Published: July 2024

This paper sought to reveal and document youths’ insights on the BBT-YIA an agricultural program propagated by the Ministry of Agriculture to emphasize youth participation in agribusiness. The study was carried out in the Manyara region, Tanzania. Cross-sectional research designs were used whereby data was collected at a single point in time. A multistage sampling technique was used to obtain the study participants from the district level to the ward level. The sample size was 220 respondents and data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 26. Findings showed that the majority of the youth are aware and have positive attitudes towards the BBT–YIA program since provides them with jobs and alternative sources of income. However, the rate of knowledge and readiness skills is questionable because almost 40% seem to lack knowledge or technical skills in agriculture. This paper recommends that the Ministry of Agriculture intensify and take seriously their advocated training program before giving youth grants and pieces of land. Also, more emphasis by the government and media to increase public education on agriculture benefits to youth is needed.
Penguatan Good Character Mahasiswa melalui Pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Sekolah Dasar Berbasis Metode Sariswara
Authors: Pratomo Wachid , Sapriya Sapriya , Sundawa Dadang , Fitriasari Susan 
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi untuk memperkuat karakter baik mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan sekolah dasar berbasis metode sariswara. Pendidikan kewarganegaraan membutuhkan metode yang menarik agar mahasiswa merasa senang dalam belajar, dengan demikian akan terbentuk karakter yang baik. Metode Sariswara sebagai salah satu metode khas Tamansiswa hasil karya Ki Hajar Dewantara dirasa cocok untuk dikembangkan di mata kuliah Pendidikan Kewarganegaran Sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif diskriptif bertempat di program studi pendidikan guru sekolah dasar Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa. Dengan narasumber kaprodi, dosen dan mahasiswa, dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data pengumpulan data, reduksi data, menyajikan data, dan verifikasi/penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan metode sariswara mahasiswa lebih mampu mengembangkan karakternya dalam pembelajaran. Kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi berbentuk aplikasi wiraga, wirasa, dan wirama berupa Â video vlogger,drama musikalisasi, menari, pantomim serta project citizen. Dengan kegiatan ini, karakter baik mahasiswa lebih diperkuat terutama dalam karakter mandiri dan tanggung jawab dalam pembuatan video vlogger serta pemaparan esai budaya. Sedangkan dalam drama musikalisasi, menari, pantomime, project citizen berupa pewarta istimewa didapat menumbuhkan karakter menghargai prestasi, bersahabat, cinta tanah air dan semangat kebangsaan.