bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of internal structure and resin deformability on drying rate and stress in convective drying of silica–latex coatings
Authors: Tanaka Hiroaki , Komoda Yoshiyuki , Horie Takafumi , Ohmura Naoto 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLatex paint is an aqueous dispersion of nano-sized polymer particles that can form a thin film by itself or mixed with rigid particles. We have developed an apparatus that can simultaneously measure drying rate and stress generation and have investigated the film formation process of a latex-only coating layer under convection drying. In the present study, we adopted the same method to investigate the film formation process of the silica–latex coating layer. As a result, we were able to systematically correlate the drying rate change by the equivalent thickness of latex particles accumulated with silica particles at the drying surface. Furthermore, it is unveiled that the drying rate in the former stage depends on drying temperature, while the drying rate changed to be dominated by silica content after the particle-packing layer was formed over the entire coating layer. On the other hand, the model we proposed for stress generation, considering the temperature effect on latex deformability, was found to be applicable to the present experimental system by replacing a portion of deformable particles with rigid particles.
Graphical abstract
Drought intensity and duration effects on morphological root traits vary across trait type and plant functional groups: a meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Yu , Robert Christelle AM , Thakur Madhav P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe increasing severity and frequency of drought pose serious threats to plant species worldwide. Yet, we lack a general understanding of how various intensities of droughts affect plant traits, in particular root traits. Here, using a meta-analysis of drought experiments (997 effect sizes from 76 papers), we investigate the effects of various intensities of droughts on some of the key morphological root traits. Our results show that root length, root mean diameter, and root area decline when drought is of severe or extreme intensity, whereas severe drought increases root tissue density. These patterns are most pronounced in trees compared to other plant functional groups. Moreover, the long duration of severe drought decreases root length in grasses and root mean diameter in legumes. The decline in root length and root diameter due to severe drought in trees was independent of drought duration. Our results suggest that morphological root traits respond strongly to increasing intensity of drought, which further depends on drought duration and may vary among plant functional groups. Our meta-analysis highlights the need for future studies to consider the interactive effects of drought intensity and drought duration for a better understanding of variable plant responses to drought.
Thyasirid species composition (Bivalvia: Thyasiridae) and genetic connectivity of Parathyasira equalis (A. E. Verrill & K. J. Bush, 1898) in deep basins of sub-Arctic fjords
Authors: Kokarev Valentin , Dufour Suzanne C. , Raeymaekers Joost A. M. , Mailli Amalia A. , Reiss Henning 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Thyasirid bivalves are often recorded as a dominant component of macrobenthic infaunal communities in depositional environments such as fjord basins. Fjord basins comprise patchy soft-bottom habitats bounded by steep walls and sills; however, little is known how this semi-isolated nature of fjords affects benthic populations. Accordingly, data on the composition and population connectivity of thyasirids can provide valuable information on the ecology of these ecosystems.

Results
The species composition of thyasirid bivalves has been studied in the basins of three sub-Arctic fjords (Nordland, Northern Norway). Overall, six thyasirid species were recorded: Parathyasira equalis, Parathyasira dunbari, Mendicula ferruginosa, Genaxinus eumyarius, Thyasira sarsii, and Thyasira obsoleta. The species composition remained stable within the basins during the sampling period (2013–2020) and suggested the importance of local reproduction over advection of individuals for population dynamics. Only one species, Parathyasira equalis, was common in all fjords. We have further investigated the population genetics of this species by combining two types of genetic markers: a 579 bp fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and 4043 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated by genotyping-by-sequencing. The latter provided a more in-depth resolution on the population genetics of this species and revealed a weak but significant differentiation of populations within fjords, further indicating limited connectivity between basins.

Conclusion
Based on our findings, we conclude that limited dispersal between the basin communities results in weakly connected populations and might be an important structuring factor for macrobenthic communities.
NLRP3 (rs10754558) gene polymorphism and tumor necrosis factor alpha as predictors for disease activity and response to methotrexate and adalimumab in psoriasis
Authors: Kamel Fatma Z. , Hoseiny Heba Allah Mohamed , Shahawy Aya A. El , Boghdadi Ghada , Shahawy Alia A. El 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Psoriasis has a global prevalence of 1–3%, with variations observed across different ethnic groups and geographical areas. Disease susceptibility and response to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) drugs suggest different genetic regulatory mechanisms which may include NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) polymorphism. Evaluation of the NLRP3 gene polymorphism, the serum level of CRP and TNFα in psoriasis patients and assessment of the NLRP3 (rs10754558) gene polymorphism, CRP and TNFα with disease severity and their role as biomarkers for response to Methotrexate and Adalimumab in psoriasis. The study had a total of 75 patients diagnosed with psoriasis vulgaris, who were compared to a control group of 75 healthy individuals.

Results
There was a highly significant difference in NLRP3 genotypes and alleles distribution between psoriasis patients and controls (P = 0.002,0.004). The heterozygote genotype GC (OR = 3.67,95%CI:1.75–7.68, P = 0.0006), was linked with increased risk of psoriasis. Additionally, The GC genotype was significantly associated with nonresponse to psoriasis therapy (OR = 11.7,95%CI:3.24–42.28, P = 0.0002). Regarding serum CRP and TNFα levels, there was a highly statistically significant difference between psoriasis patients and controls (P < 0.0001), and there was also a highly statistically significant difference between responders and non-responders in psoriasis patients regarding PASI 50 (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
The NLRP3 (rs10754558) genotypes GC was associated with the severe form of psoriasis and with nonresponse to psoriasis medication. Therefore, NLRP3 (rs10754558) gene polymorphism is an important prognostic biomarker in psoriasis patients. The serum TNFα can be used as a predictor for response to therapy in psoriasis patients. More research for evaluation of role of the NLRP3 gene polymorphism in the genetic risks and treatment outcomes associated with psoriasis is still required.
Healthcare use of young Finnish adults with mental disorders – profiles and profile membership determinants
Authors: Väisänen Visa , Linnaranta Outi , Sinervo Timo , Hietapakka Laura , Elovainio Marko 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Comprehensive, timely, and integrated primary care services have been proposed as a response to the increased demand for mental health and substance use services especially among young people. However, little is known about the care utilization patterns of young people with mental and substance use disorders. Our aim was to characterize profiles of care use in young Finnish adults with mental or substance use disorders, and the potential factors associated with the service use profiles.

Methods
Primary and specialized care visits of young adults (16–29 years) diagnosed with a psychiatric or a substance use disorder (n = 7714) were retrieved from the national health care register from years 2020 and 2021. K-Means clustering was used to detect different profiles based on the utilization of care services. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with different profiles of care use.

Results
Five different profiles were identified: low care use (75%), and use of principally primary health care (11%), student health services (9%), psychiatric services (5%), or substance use services (1%). Female gender was associated with membership in the primary health care focused profiles (OR 2.58 and OR 1.99), and patients in the primary health care and student health services profiles were associated with a better continuity of care (OR 1.04 and OR 1.05). Substance use disorders were associated with psychiatric service use (OR: 2.51) and substance use services (OR: 58.91). Living in smaller municipalities was associated with lower service use when comparing to the largest city.

Conclusions
Young adults diagnosed with a psychiatric or a substance use disorder had remarkably different and heterogeneous care patterns. Most of the participants had low care utilization, indicating potential gaps in service use and care needs. Measures should be taken to ensure equal access to and availability of mental health services. The profiles that utilized the most services highlights the importance of integrated services and patient-oriented improvement of treatment.
Insights into the current state of knowledge, practice, and attitudes of physicians regarding gastrointestinal motility disorders in Egypt
Authors: Al Mowafy Enaam Ali , AboKresha Marwa M. , Elkhadry Sally Waheed , Hashem Mohamed Bassam , Elganzory Ahmed , Sayed Sayed Ahmed , Khaskia Mohammad Almohamady 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders are common in clinical settings, but physicians still lack sufficient understanding and effective management of these conditions.

Methods
This research assessed Egyptian physicians’ knowledge, practices, and attitudes towards GI motility disorders. A cross-sectional survey employing a self-administered questionnaire was carried out among physicians in Egypt. The questionnaire addressed various aspects of physicians’ understanding, practices, and attitudes regarding GI motility disorders. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and presented as frequencies and percentages.

Results
A total of 462 physicians took part in the study. Although nearly two-thirds of them knew about GI motility studies, a notable proportion lacked adequate knowledge about GI motility disorders. Notably, 84.2% correctly identified dysphagia as a critical symptom suggestive of an upper GI motility disorder. However, 13.4% incorrectly linked hematemesis with an upper GI motility disorder, and 16.7% expressed uncertainty. In terms of practice, around half of the participants encountered a small number of patients with GI motility disorders (less than 5 per week or even fewer). Only 29.7% felt confident in managing patients with motility disorders. Most participating physicians expressed a willingness to participate in training programs focused on motility disorders.

Conclusions
This study underscores a knowledge gap among Egyptian physicians concerning GI motility disorders. It suggests the necessity of tailored education and training programs to improve their competency and practice in this domain.
Sexual activity, vaginal symptoms, maternal perineal hygiene behavior, and constipation on ano-vaginal colonization of group B streptococcus in near term pregnancy
Authors: Esmaon Ruziyati , Lim Boon Kiong , Gan Farah , Hamdan Mukhri , Tan Peng Chiong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Maternal Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization is influenced by many factors but results are inconsistent. Consideration of antenatal risk factors may help inform decision making on GBS microbiological culture screening where universal screening is not standard of care. We sought to identify independent predictors of GBS colonization at 34–37 weeks gestation incorporating vaginal symptoms, perineal hygiene measures, sexual activity, and a potential novel factor, constipation.

Methods
In this prospective cross-sectional study, 573 women at 34–37 weeks gestation had an ano-vaginal swab taken and sent for selective culture for GBS. Women were asked about vaginal bleeding, discharge, irritation and candidiasis, antibiotic use during pregnancy, ano-vaginal hygiene practices such as douching and perineal cleansing after toileting, sexual intercourse related activities, and a potential novel factor for GBS carriage, constipation. Maternal basic demographics and obstetric-related characteristics were also collected. Bivariate analyses were performed to identify associates of GBS colonization. All variables with p < 0.05 found on bivariate analysis were then included into a model for multivariable binary logistic regression analysis to identify independent risk factors for GBS colonization.

Results
GBS colonization was found in 235/573 (41.0%) of participants. Twenty six independent variables were considered for bivariate analysis. Eight were found to have p < 0.05. Following adjusted analysis, six independent predictors of GBS colonization were identified: ethnicity, previous neonatal GBS prophylaxis, antenatal vaginal irritation, antibiotic use, recent panty liner use, and frequency of sexual intercourse. Vaginal discharge and perineal cleansing were not associated after adjustment. Recent douching and constipation were not associated on bivariate analysis.

Conclusion
The identification of independent predictors of GBS colonization in late pregnancy may inform the woman and care provider in their shared decision making for microbiological screening at 35–38 weeks gestation in locations where universal GBS screening is not standard of care.

Ethics oversight
This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) on August 9, 2022, reference number 2022328-11120.
Impact of global smoking prevalence on mortality: a study across income groups
Authors: De Silva Roshinie , Silva Disuri , Piumika Lakindu , Abeysekera Isuri , Jayathilaka Ruwan , Rajamanthri Lochana , Wickramaarachchi Colinie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Smoking significantly contributes to the mortality rates worldwide, particularly in non-communicable and preventable diseases such as cardiovascular ailments, respiratory conditions, stroke, and lung cancer. This study aims to analyse the impact of smoking on global deaths, and its association with mortality across the main income groups.

Methods
The comprehensive analysis spans 199 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. The study categorises countries into four income groups: high income, upper middle income, lower middle income, and low income.

Results
The findings underscore the profound impact of global tobacco smoking on mortality. Notably, cardiovascular disease mortality is notably affected in both upper-middle-income and high-income groups. Chronic respiratory disease mortality rates show a significant impact across all income groups. Moreover, stroke-related mortality is observed in the lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income groups. These results highlight the pervasive influence of smoking prevalence on global mortality, affecting individuals across various socioeconomic levels.

Conclusion
The study underscores the critical implications of smoking on mortality rates, particularly in high-income countries. It emphasises the urgency of targeted interventions in these regions to address the specific challenges posed by tobacco smoking on public health. Policy recommendations include implementing prohibitive measures extending to indoor public areas such as workplaces and public transportation services. Furthermore, allocating funds for research on tobacco and health, is imperative to ensure policymakers are consistently informed about emerging facts and trends in this complex domain.
Ultrasound quantification of pleural effusion volume in supine position: comparison of three model formulae
Authors: Tang Dachuan , Yi Huiming , Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
To investigate the accuracy of three model formulae for ultrasound quantification of pleural effusion (PE) volume in patients in supine position.

Methods
A prospective study including 100 patients with thoracentesis and drainage of PE was conducted. Three model formulae (single section model, two section model and multi-section model) were used to calculate the PE volume. The correlation and consistency analyses between calculated volumes derived from three models and actual PE volume were performed.

Results
PE volumes calculated by three models all showed significant linear correlations with actual PE volume in supine position (all p < 0.001). The reliability of multi-section model in predicting PE volume was significantly higher than that of single section model and slightly higher than that of two section model. When compared with actual drainage volume, the intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) of single section model, two section model and multi-section model were 0.72, 0.97 and 0.99, respectively. Significant consistency between calculated PE volumes by using two section model and multi-section model existed for full PE volume range (ICC 0.98).

Conclusion
Based on the convenience and accuracy of ultrasound quantification of PE volume, two section model is recommended for pleural effusion assessment in routine clinic, though different model formulae can be selected according to clinical needs.
A novel technique for NO.253 lymph node dissection and left colic artery preservation to avoid potential postoperative internal hernia in laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Luo Wenjun , Li Fugen , Qian Chuan , Lu Tingting , Xiao Yanling , Xu Zhengwen , Jia Yingdong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The preservation of the left colic artery (LCA) has emerged as a preferred approach in laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer. However, preserving the LCA while simultaneously dissecting the NO.253 lymph node can create a mesenteric defect between the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), the LCA, and the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV). This defect could act as a potential “hernia ring,” increasing the risk of developing an internal hernia after surgery. The objective of this study was to introduce a novel technique designed to mitigate the risk of internal hernia by filling mesenteric defects with autologous tissue.

Methods
This new technique was performed on eighteen patients with rectal cancer between January 2022 and June 2022. First of all, dissected the lymphatic fatty tissue on the main trunk of IMA from its origin until the LCA and sigmoid artery (SA) or superior rectal artery (SRA) were exposed and then NO.253 lymph node was dissected between the IMA, LCA and IMV. Next, the SRA or SRA and IMV were sequentially ligated and cut off at an appropriate location away from the “hernia ring” to preserve the connective tissue between the “hernia ring” and retroperitoneum. Finally, after mobilization of distal sigmoid, on the lateral side of IMV, the descending colon was mobilized cephalad. Patients’preoperative baseline characteristics and intraoperative, postoperative complications were examined.

Results
All patients’ potential “hernia rings” were closed successfully with our new technique. The median operative time was 195 min, and the median intraoperative blood loss was 55 ml (interquartile range 30–90). The total harvested lymph nodes was 13.0(range12−19). The median times to first flatus and liquid diet intake were both 3.0 days. The median number of postoperative hospital days was 8.0 days. One patient had an injury to marginal arterial arch, and after mobolization of splenic region, tension-free anastomosis was achieved. No other severe postoperative complications such as abdominal infection, anastomotic leakage, or bleeding were observed.

Conclusions
This technique is both safe and effective for filling the mesenteric defect, potentially reducing the risk of internal hernia following laparoscopic NO.253 lymph node dissection and preservation of the left colic artery in rectal cancer surgeries.
Effect of two esthetic digitally produced materials used in fabrication of extracoronal attachments on the stresses Induced in removable partial dentures
Authors: Abd Allah Dina Abd El Moez , Nawar Noha Helmy , Abdelfattah Ahmed Mostafa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPreservation of the remaining structures while maintaining an esthetic appearance is a major objective in removable partial prosthodontics. So, the aim of the current study was to compare the stresses induced on the supporting structures by two digitally produced esthetic core materials; Zirconia and Polyetheretherketone when used as an extracoronal attachment in distal extension removable partial dentures using strain gauge analysis.MethodsA mandibular Kennedy class II stone cast with the necessary abutments’ preparations was scanned. The mandibular left canine and first premolar teeth were virtually removed. An acrylic mandibular left canine and first premolar teeth were prepared with heavy chamfer finish line and scanned. Virtual superimposition of the acrylic teeth in their corresponding positions was done. Two strain gauge slots were designed: distal to the terminal abutment and in the residual ridge. Two models and two sets of scanned teeth were digitally printed. The printed teeth were then placed in their corresponding sockets in each model and scanned. The attachment design was selected from the software library and milled out of Zirconia in the model ZR and Polyetheretherketone in the model PE. Five removable partial dentures were constructed for each model. The strain gauges were installed in their grooves. A Universal testing machine was used for unilateral load application of 100 N (N). For each removable partial denture, five measurements were made. The data followed normal distribution and were statistically analyzed by using unpaired t test. P value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsDuring unilateral loading unpaired t test showed statistically significant difference (p = 0.0001) in the microstrain values recorded distal to the abutment between the models ZR (-1001.6 µε ± 24.56) and PE (-682.6 µε ± 22.18). However, non statistically significant difference (p = 0.3122) was observed in the residual ridge between them; ZR (16.2 µε ± 4.53) and PE (15 µε ± 3.74).ConclusionsIn removable partial dentures, Polyetheretherketone extracoronal attachment induces less stress on the supporting abutments compared to the zirconia one with no difference in the stresses induced by them on the residual ridge.