bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of highly emissive, thermally stable, UV‐cured polysilsesquioxane/ZnO nanoparticle composites
Authors: Jeon Hyeonyeol , Lee Albert Sung Soo , Kim Hyun‐Ji , Cho So‐Hye , Baek Kyung‐Youl , Hwang Seung Sang 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA high molecular weight polysilsesquioxane (LPMSQ)/ZnO nanocomposite was prepared by blending a methacryl‐substituted polysilsesquioxane and PMMA‐coated ZnO nanoparticle (NP) followed by UV‐curing process. These LPMSQ/ZnO nanocomposites gave high thermal and mechanical stabilities originated from the rigid ladder structured siloxane backbone of LPMSQ. The polysilsesquioxane and surface‐modified ZnO nanoparticles showed excellent compatibility between MMA groups in LPMSQ‐ and PMMA‐capped ZnO nanoparticles to give well‐dispersed LPMSQ/ZnO nanocomposites. Mechanically pliant and flexible free standing films were obtained, and the photo and optical properties of these hybrid nanocomposites were examined. The high photoluminescent properties were maintained even after severe thermal treatments exceeding 400°C. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42333.
Permeability of small molecules through vapor deposited polymer membranes
Authors: Tufani Ali , Ince Gozde Ozaydin 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTFree‐standing, thin films of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate), p(HEMA), membranes deposited by initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) technique are presented. Systematic studies of permeation of model dye molecules through these free‐standing thin films are performed and effects of process parameters on the permeability and selectivity of the membranes synthesized using an all‐dry process are demonstrated for the first time. Permeation studies of model dye molecules show that the diffusion of large dye molecules through the membrane is faster than the smaller dye molecules, due to loss of conformation entropy. Mesh sizes of the membranes are controlled by tuning the crosslink ratio of the polymer and diffusion coefficients of alizarin yellow model dye molecules are obtained as 0.44 × 10−7 and 1.71 × 10−7 cm2/s for high and low crosslinked membranes, respectively. Selectivity of the membranes is also demonstrated by the permeation studies of dyes with similar sizes but different polarities and the permeability coefficient of the hydrophilic dye is observed to be 30 times larger than that of the hydrophobic dye of similar size. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42453.
Simulation of liquid physical blowing agents for forming rigid urethane foams
Authors: Al‐Moameri Harith , Zhao Yusheng , Ghoreishi Rima , Suppes Galen J. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA computer‐based simulation for rigid polyurethane foam‐forming reactions was compared with experimental data for six blowing agents including methyl formate and C5‐C6 hydrocarbons. Evaporation of blowing agent was modeled as an overall mass transfer coefficient times the difference in activity of the blowing agent in the gas foam cells versus the resin walls of the cells. Successful modeling hinged upon use of a mass transfer coefficient that decreased to near zero as the foam resin approached its gel point. Modeling on density agreed with experimental measurements. The fitted parameters allowed for interpretations of the final disposition of the blowing agent, especially, if the blowing agent successfully led to larger foam cells versus being entrapped in the resin. The only component‐specific fitted parameters used in the modeling was the activity coefficient that was lower for methyl formate than the value used for hydrocarbons. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42454.
Preparation and characterization of Silicalite‐1/PDMS surface sieving pervaporation membrane for separation of ethanol/water mixture
Authors: Liu Xiangyan , Hu Deng , Li Meng , Zhang Jianming , Zhu Zhigao , Zeng Gaofeng , Zhang Yanfeng , Sun Yuhan 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTTo improve the pervaporation performance of Silicalite‐1/PDMS composite membrane by adding a small amount of Silicalite‐1 zeolite, novel Silicalite‐1/PDMS surface sieving membranes (SSMs) were prepared by attaching Silicalite‐1 particles on the PDMS membrane surface. The obtained membranes and traditional mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) were characterized by SEM, XRD, TGA, FT‐IR, and pervaporation separation of ethanol–water mixture. Effects of Silicalite‐1 particles content, feed temperatures, and feed compositions on the separation performance were discussed. From the cross‐section view SEM images of SSMs, a two‐layer structure was observed. The thickness of the Silicalite‐1 layer was about 300 nm to 2 μm. The TGA analysis indicates that the zeolite concentration in 3 wt % SSM is lower than 10 wt % MMMs. In the ethanol/water pervaporation experiment, the separation factor of Silicalite‐1/PDMS SSMs increased considerably compared with pure PDMS membrane. When the suspensions concentrations of Silicalite‐1 particles reached 3 wt %, the separation factor was about 217% increase over pure PDMS membrane and 52.9% increase over 10 wt % Silicalite‐1/PDMS MMMs. As the ethanol concentration in the feed increases, the separation factor of SSMs increases, whereas permeation flux decreases. At the same time, with increasing operating temperature, the permeation flux of SSMs increased. The stability of SSMs at high temperature is better than the traditional MMMs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42460.
The Role of MicroRNAs and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 in Proliferative Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Costa‐Reis Patrícia , Russo Pierre A. , Zhang Zhe , Colonna Lucrezia , Maurer Kelly , Gallucci Stefania , Schulz Steffan W. , Kiani Adnan N. , Petri Michelle , Sullivan Kathleen E. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo understand the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in proliferative lupus nephritis (LN).MethodsA high‐throughput analysis of the miRNA pattern of the kidneys of LN patients and controls was performed by molecular digital detection. Urinary miRNAs were measured by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Target gene expression in human mesangial cells was evaluated by arrays and qRT‐PCR. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER‐2) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in kidney samples from LN patients and in a murine model of lupus. Urinary levels of HER‐2, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1) were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsLevels of the miRNAs miR‐26a and miR‐30b were decreased in the kidneys and urine of LN patients. In vitro these miRNAs controlled mesangial cell proliferation, and their expression was regulated by HER‐2. HER‐2 was overexpressed in lupus‐prone NZM2410 mice and in the kidneys of patients with LN, but not in other mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritides. HER‐2 was found to be up‐regulated by interferon‐α and interferon regulatory factor 1. Urinary HER‐2 was increased in LN and reflected disease activity, and its levels correlated with those of 2 other recognized LN biomarkers, MCP‐1 and VCAM‐1.ConclusionThe kidney miRNA pattern is broadly altered in LN, which contributes to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Levels of the miRNAs miR‐26a and miR‐30b are decreased in the kidneys and urine of LN patients, and they directly regulate the cell cycle in mesangial cells. The levels of these miRNAs are controlled by HER‐2, which is overexpressed in NZM2410 mice and in the kidneys and urine of LN patients. HER‐2, miR‐26a, and miR‐30b are thus potential LN biomarkers, and blocking HER‐2 may be a promising new strategy to decrease cell proliferation and damage in this disease.
Bronchiectasis Is a Model for Chronic Bacterial Infection Inducing Autoimmunity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Quirke Anne‐Marie , Perry Elizabeth , Cartwright Alison , Kelly Clive , De Soyza Anthony , Eggleton Paul , Hutchinson David , Venables Patrick J. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo examine the potential of chronic severe bacterial infection to generate rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), by studying patients with bronchiectasis (BR) alone and BR patients with rheumatoid arthritis (BR/RA).MethodsWe studied 122 patients with BR alone, 50 patients with BR/RA, and 50 RA patients without lung disease, as well as 87 patients with asthma and 79 healthy subjects as controls. RF levels were measured using an automated analyzer, and cyclic citrullinated peptide 2 (CCP‐2) was used to detect ACPAs. The fine specificities of citrullinated α‐enolase peptide 1 (CEP‐1), Cit‐vimentin, and Cit‐fibrinogen to their arginine‐containing control peptides (arginine‐containing α‐enolase peptide 1 [REP‐1], vimentin, and fibrinogen) were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsAmong the BR patients and control subjects, 39% and 42%, respectively, were ever‐smokers. The frequency of RF positivity in serum was increased in BR patients compared with controls (25% versus 10%), as were the frequencies of antibodies to CCP‐2 (5% versus 0%), CEP‐1 (7% versus 4%), Cit‐vimentin (7% versus 4%), and Cit‐fibrinogen (12% versus 4%), although only the differences for RF and Cit‐fibrinogen were significant (P < 0.05). We observed a corresponding increase in the frequency of antibodies to the arginine‐containing control peptides in BR patients compared with controls (for REP‐1, 19% versus 4% [P < 0.01]; for vimentin, 16% versus 4% [P < 0.05]), demonstrating that the ACPA response in patients with BR is not citrulline specific. The lack of citrulline specificity was further confirmed by absorption studies. In BR/RA patients, all ACPA responses were highly citrulline specific.ConclusionBronchiectasis is an unusual but potent model for the induction of autoimmunity in RA by bacterial infection in the lung. Our study suggests that the ACPA response is not citrulline specific during the early stages of tolerance breakdown but becomes more specific in patients with BR in whom BR/RA develops.
Magnetic solid‐phase extraction for determination of sulpiride in human urine and blood using high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Zhao Jiao , Liao Wenlong , Yang Yaling 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA novel and efficient sample preconcentration technique based on the Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs) coated with silica (SiO2) has been developed for extraction and determination of sulpiride. The functionalized MNPs showed excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution and were applied to magnetic solid‐phase extraction of sulpiride from human urine and blood prior to high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis. The separation, preconcentration and desorption procedure was completed in 10 min. Optimal experimental conditions, including sample pH, the amount of the MNPs, eluent type and volume, and the ultrasonication time were studied and established. The method showed good linearity for the determination of sulpiride in the concentration range of 10–1000 ng/mL in urine and blood. The recovery of the method was in the range between 91.2 and 97.5%, and the limit of detection was 2 ng/mL for sulpiride in human blood and urine. The results indicated that the present procedure is a suitable pretreatment method for biological samples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post mortem study of the depth and circumferential location of sympathetic nerves in human renal arteries—Implications for renal denervation catheter design
Authors: Roy Andrew K. , Fabre Aurelie , Cunningham Melanie , Buckley Una , Crotty Thomas , Keane David 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to examine human renal arteries and to accurately characterize their sympathetic innervation and location using CD‐56 immunohistochemistry stains to highlight Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules (N‐CAM).BackgroundPorcine models have often formed the basis for design of denervation technology, with only a limited number of human studies available to detail the complex microarray of renal sympathetic nerves.MethodsPost‐mortem renal arteries (N = 14) were harvested and prepared into three sections (proximal, mid, and distal), and then stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin, followed by immunohistochemistry to characterize the expression of CD‐56 renal neural tissue. Digital micro calipers were then used to measure the nerve distances and locations within the vessels.Results(i) Approximately 77% of nerves are located between 0.5 and 2.5 mm from the tunica intima layer, with 22.5% occurring in the 2.5–5.0 mm range, (ii) nerve bundles occur in 3‐dimensional arborized arrays, (iii) the nerve bundles are evenly distributed throughout the proximal and distal vessel in this human study. Thickness of vessel wall correlated with proximity of the nerve bundles (r = 0.74, P < 0.01), and nerve bundle thickness (r = 0.62, P = 0.04). The larger the internal and external diameters and areas of the vessel were, the further the distance to the nearest nerve bundles were (r = 0.752, P =<0.01).ConclusionsIn human renal arteries with larger diameters and thicker vessel parenchyma, the innervation is found further from the lumen, and the nerves increase in thickness. This has implications for catheter and system design, as well as depth and duration of energy required for effective ablations. Effective percutaneous transluminal denervation procedures in this population would need to be circumferential rather than interrupted, and to mediate tissue damage to depths beyond 2.5 mm from the tunica intima. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Percutaneous closure of the patent foramen ovale, easy does it
Authors: Meier Bernhard 
Published: May 2015

Key Points

Closure of the patent foramen ovale does not benefit from echocardiographic guidance in the majority of cases.
Guiding these procedures with fluoroscopy only reduces procedure time, radiation exposure, and amount of contrast medium.
There is a clear trend to abandon echocardiographic guidance for this procedure over time and with growing experience.
Controlling the Course of a Two‐Way Switchable Pd‐Catalyzed Process by means of Empirical Multivariate Models
Authors: Sandtorv Alexander H. , Bjørsvik Hans‐René 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA two‐way switchable Pd‐catalyzed process that can pursue two different mechanisms, namely hydro‐ and methoxy‐deiodination was discovered, developed, and optimized by means of statistical experimental design, multivariate modelling, and response surface methodology. The investigation revealed that the two‐way switchable process might be controlled either by ligand alone, or by ligand and other process variables in combination. The present study represents the first example of a catalytic system that provides either hydro‐ or methoxy‐deiodination selectively by simply fine‐tuning the experimental variables.
Facet‐Dependent Catalytic Activity of Palladium Nanocrystals in Tsuji–Trost Allylic Amination Reactions with Product Selectivity
Authors: Chanda Kaushik , Rej Sourav , Liu Shu‐Ya , Huang Michael H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPd nanocubes, cuboctahedra, and octahedra with good size control were used to catalyze CN bond formation in the Tsuji–Trost allylic amination reaction of aniline. Nanocubes gave either monoallylaniline or diallylaniline depending on the amount of allyl bromide used, but the octahedra and cuboctahedra only gave mixtures of monoallylaniline and diallylaniline under the same reaction conditions. The Pd nanocubes were stable over multiple cycles of the reaction. The cubes and octahedra were demonstrated to catalyze the amination reaction by using a wide variety of substituted anilines, but the cubes were the best catalyst with consistently the highest efficiency, product yield, and product selectivity. This work demonstrates that the use of metal nanocrystals with proper facet control is important for catalyzing coupling reactions with product selectivity.
Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of PdZn Alloying and Density Functional Study of PdZn Surface Reactivity towards Water Dissociation
Authors: Cheng Feng , Chen Zhao‐Xu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo‐monolayer‐Zn covered Pd(1 1 1) annealed at (low) 500 K exhibits nice CO2 selectivity for CH3OH+H2O to CO2+H2, whereas CO is yielded exclusively when annealed at (high) 650 K. To unravel the reason behind the phenomenon, kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations were used to study the alloying process. It shows the low temperature annealing produces a multilayer 1:1 PdZn alloy, whereas the high temperature operation results in a Zn‐lean multilayer alloy, not the previously assumed monolayer PdZn alloy on Pd. The geometry and electronic structures of the models derived from KMC simulation agrees with the relevant experiments. The low temperature sample is more active than the high temperature one for H2O dissociation, in line with the assumption that H2O dissociation controls CO2 selectivity. It is revealed that triple Zn ensembles which form three‐fold hollow sites account for the activity for H2O dissociation.
Cooperative Binding of Divalent Diamides by N‐Alkyl Ammonium Resorcinarene Chlorides
Authors: Beyeh N. Kodiah , Ala‐Korpi Altti , Pan Fangfang , Jo Hyun Hwa , Anslyn Eric V. , Rissanen Kari 
Published: May 2015

AbstractN‐Alkyl ammonium resorcinarene chlorides, stabilized by an intricate array of hydrogen bonds leading to a cavitand‐like structure, bind amides. The molecular recognition occurs through intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl oxygen and the amide hydrogen of the guests and the cation–anion circular hydrogen‐bonded seam of the hosts, as well as through CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions. The N‐alkyl ammonium resorcinarene chlorides cooperatively bind a series of di‐acetamides of varying spacer lengths ranging from three to seven carbons. Titration data fit either a 1:1 or 2:1 binding isotherm depending on the spacer lengths. Considering all the guests possess similar binding motifs, the first binding constants were similar (K1: 102 M−1) for each host. The second binding constant was found to depend on the upper rim substituent of the host and the spacer length of the guests, with the optimum binding observed with the six‐carbon spacer (K2: 103 M−2). Short spacer lengths increase steric hindrance, whereas longer spacer lengths increase flexibility thus reducing cooperativity. The host with the rigid cyclohexyl upper rim showed stronger binding than the host with flexible benzyl arms. The cooperative binding of these divalent guests was studied in solution through 1H NMR titration studies and supplemented by diffusion‐ordered spectroscopy (DOSY), X‐ray crystallography, and mass spectrometry.
A Facile Synthesis of High‐Surface‐Area Sulfur–Carbon Composites for Li/S Batteries
Authors: Kaiser Mohammad Rejaul , Liang Xin , Konstantinov Konstantin , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue , Wang Jia‐Zhao 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSmall‐grained elemental sulfur is precipitated from sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) in a carbon‐containing oxalic acid (HOOCCOOH) solution through a novel spray precipitation method. Surface area analysis, elemental mapping, and transmission electron micrographs revealed that the spray‐precipitated sulfur particles feature 11 times higher surface area compared to conventional precipitated sulfur, with homogeneous distribution in the carbon. Moreover, the scanning electron micrographs show that these high‐surface‐area sulfur particles are firmly adhered to and covered by carbon. This precipitated S–C composite exhibits high discharge capacity with about 75 % capacity retention. The initial discharge capacity was further improved to 1444 mA h g−1 by inserting a free‐standing single‐walled carbon nanotube layer in between the cathode and the separator. Moreover, with the help of the fixed capacity charging technique, 91.6 % capacity retention was achieved.
trans‐(Cl)‐[Ru(5,5′‐diamide‐2,2′‐bipyridine)(CO)2Cl2]: Synthesis, Structure, and Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Activity
Authors: Kuramochi Yusuke , Fukaya Kyohei , Yoshida Makoto , Ishida Hitoshi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA series of trans‐(Cl)‐[Ru(L)(CO)2Cl2]‐type complexes, in which the ligands L are 2,2′‐bipyridyl derivatives with amide groups at the 5,5′‐positions, are synthesized. The C‐connected amide group bound to the bipyridyl ligand through the carbonyl carbon atom is twisted with respect to the bipyridyl plane, whereas the N‐connected amide group is in the plane. DFT calculations reveal that the twisted structure of the C‐connected amide group raises the level of the LUMO, which results in a negative shift of the first reduction potential (Ep) of the ruthenium complex. The catalytic abilities for CO2 reduction are evaluated in photoreactions (λ>400 nm) with the ruthenium complexes (the catalyst), [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine; the photosensitizer), and 1‐benzyl‐1,4‐dihydronicotinamide (the electron donor) in CO2‐saturated N,N‐dimethylacetamide/water. The logarithm of the turnover frequency increases by shifting Ep a negative value until it reaches the reduction potential of the photosensitizer.
Hydrodynamic and Thermophoretic Effects on the Supramolecular Chirality of Pyrene‐Derived Nanosheets
Authors: Micali Norberto , Vybornyi Mykhailo , Mineo Placido , Khorev Oleg , Häner Robert , Villari Valentina 
Published: May 2015

AbstractChiroptical properties of two‐dimensional (2D) supramolecular assemblies (nanosheets) of achiral, charged pyrene trimers (Py3) are rendered chiral by asymmetric physical perturbations. Chiral stimuli in a cuvette can originate either from controlled temperature gradients or by very gentle stirring. The chiroptical activity strongly depends on the degree of supramolecular order of the nanosheets, which is easily controlled by the method of preparation. The high degree of structural order ensures strong cooperative effects within the aggregates, rendering them more susceptible to external stimuli. The samples prepared by using slow thermal annealing protocols are both CD and LD active (in stagnant and stirred solutions), whereas for isothermally aged samples chiroptical activity was in all cases undetectable. In the case of temperature gradients, the optical activity of 2D assemblies could be recorded for a stagnant solution due to migration of the aggregates from the hottest to the coldest regions of the system. However, a considerably stronger exciton coupling, coinciding with the J‐band of the interacting pyrenes, is developed upon subtle vortexing (0.5 Hz, 30 rpm) of the aqueous solution of the nanosheets. The sign of the exciton coupling is inverted upon switching between clockwise and counter‐clockwise rotation. The supramolecular chirality is evidenced by the appearance of CD activity. To exclude artefacts from proper CD spectra, the contribution from LD to the observed CD was determined. The data suggest that the aggregates experience asymmetrical deformation and alignment effects because of the presence of chiral flows.
Group 9 Metal Complexes of meso‐Aryl‐Substituted Rubyrin
Authors: Soya Takanori , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe metalation of meso‐tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)‐substituted [26]rubyrin has been explored with Group 9 metal salts (RhI, CoII, IrIII), affording a Hückel aromatic [26]rubyrin–bis‐RhI complex with a highly curved gable‐like structure, a Hückel antiaromatic [24]rubyrin–bis‐CoII complex that displays intramolecular antiferromagnetic coupling between the two CoII ions (J=−4.5 cm−1), and two Cp*‐capped IrIII complexes; in one, the iridium metal sits on the [26]rubyrin frame with two IrN bonds, whereas the other has an additional IrC bond, although both IrIII complexes display moderate aromatic character. This work demonstrates characteristic metalation abilities of this [26]rubyrin toward Group 9 metals.