bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical compositions and properties of virgin coconut oil extracted using protease from hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp
Authors: Senphan Theeraphol , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: July 2015

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) was extracted from coconut milk with the aid of crude protease extract (CPE) from hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp at different levels (5–15 U/g protein) for various hydrolysis times (0–24 h). Yield of VCO increased within the first 6 h. The use of CPE exhibited similar extraction efficiency to the typical fermentation process. However, lipids extracted with fermentation process underwent oxidation to a higher extent, compared with those extracted using CPE. CPE increased the creaming index and induced the collapse of oil droplets in coconut milk, as determined by the phase contrast microscope. VCO contained medium chain fatty acid (MCFA), especially lauric acid (C12:0), as the most abundant fatty acid, followed by myristic acid (C14:0). Therefore, VCO could be extracted using CPE at room temperature for 6 h, in which the extraction yield was increased and lipid oxidation was negligible.Practical applications: Pacific white shrimp hepatopancreas can be a major source of proteases, especially trypsin, that can be used for hydrolysis of lipoprotein or to destabilize emulsion. Proteases from shrimp hepatopancreas could be used as a promising processing aid for virgin coconut oil extraction, in which the cost associated with commercial enzymes could be reduced and the proteases from shrimp processing byproducts were better exploited. The proteases from shrimp hepatopancreas can therefore be of benefit for the virgin coconut oil processing enterprise or industry by increasing extraction efficacy via destabilzation of coconut milk emulsion.Proteases from Pacific white shrimp hepatopancreas can be used as the aid for VCO extraction via the accelerated emulsion destabilization without any negative effect on quality.
Selective synthesis of propenyl‐branched diunsaturated fatty esters via catalytic codimerization of ethyl linoleate and propylene
Authors: Erb Benjamin , Dierker Markus , Ohlmann Dominik M. , Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: July 2015

A bimetallic catalyst system consisting of RhCl3 and Pd(MeCN)2Cl2 efficiently promotes the conversion of ethyl linoleate selectively to mono‐propenylated diunsaturated products. The reaction proceeds in high yields under mild conditions. The key advantage of the new process is that it is based on the readily available linoleate rather than a preformed conjuenic acid ester.Practical applications: The new protocol opens up a high yielding and environmentally friendly method for the introduction of side chains with a defined length into fatty acid derivatives. The products are of profound potential interest for industrial applications, e.g., in lubricants, cosmetics, plastics, and coatings, as branched fatty acids are known to have a lower solidifying point and viscosity and an increased solubility than their linear counterparts.Rh/Pd‐catalyzed selective conversion of ethyl linoleate to mono‐propenylated diunsaturated products under mild conditions.
Isomerization of the 2‐Norbornyl Carbocation
Authors: Lobb Kevin A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn order to elucidate the mechanism for the isomerization of the 2‐norbornyl carbocation into its most stable isomer, the 1,3‐dimethylcyclopentenyl carbocation, an extensive set of the possible isomers of C7H11+ has been generated. Each one of these may undergo a number of transformations, and location of these transition states provides a searchable graph, from which pathways may be identified. This reveals that the preferred route for isomerization of the 2‐norbornyl carbocation is not by ring opening of the non‐classical center as has been reported in the literature (with an activation energy of 33.2 kcal/mol), but is initiated by cleavage of the C3–C4 bond (23.5 kcal/mol). Further, no single mechanism is sufficient to describe the full sequence of isomerizations of the 2‐norbornyl carbocation to its most stable isomer, the 1,3‐dimethylcylcopentenyl carbocation, but rather a collection (> 109) of pathways.
Role of TRPV1 and ASIC3 channels in experimental occlusal interference‐induced hyperalgesia in rat masseter muscle
Authors: Xu X.X. , Cao Y. , Ding T.T. , Fu K.Y. , Li Y. , Xie Q.F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundMasticatory muscle pain may occur following immediate occlusal alteration by dental treatment. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1) and acid‐sensing ion channel‐3 (ASIC3) mediate muscle hyperalgesia under various pathologic conditions. We have developed a rat model of experimental occlusal interference (EOI) that consistently induces mechanical hyperalgesia in jaw muscles. Whether TRPV1 and ASIC3 mediate this EOI‐induced hyperalgesia is unknown.MethodsRat model of EOI‐induced masseter hyperalgesia was established. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and retrograde labelling combined with immunofluorescence were performed to evaluate the modulation of TRPV1 and ASIC3 expression in trigeminal ganglia (TGs) and masseter afferents of rats after EOI. The effects of intramuscular administration of TRPV1 and ASIC3 antagonists on the EOI‐induced hyperalgesia in masseter muscle were examined.ResultsAfter EOI, gene expressions and protein levels of TRPV1 and ASIC3 in bilateral TGs were up‐regulated. The percentage of ASIC3‐ (but not TRPV1‐) positive neurons in masseter afferents increased after EOI. More small‐sized and small to medium‐sized masseter afferents expressed TRPV1 and ASIC3 separately following EOI. These changes peaked at day 7 and then returned to original status within 10 days after EOI. Intramuscular administration of the TRPV1 antagonist AMG‐9810 partially reversed this mechanical hyperalgesia in masseter muscle. No improvement was exhibited after administration of the ASIC3 antagonist APETx2. Co‐injection of AMG‐9810 and APETx2 enhanced the effect of AMG‐9810 administration alone.ConclusionsPeripheral TRPV1 and ASIC3 contribute to the development of the EOI‐induced mechanical hyperalgesia in masseter muscle.
A Highly Sensitive Sensor Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide, Carbon Nanotube and a Co(II) Complex Modified Carbon Paste Electrode: Simultaneous Determination of Isoprenaline, Captopril and Tryptophan
Authors: Rajabzadeh Nooshin , Benvidi Ali , Mazloum‐Ardakani Mohammad , Firouzabadi Afsaneh Dehghani , Vafazadeh Rasoul 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a reduced graphene oxide (RGO), carbon nanotube (CNT) and Co(II) complex (cobalt(II) bis (benzoylacetone) ethylenediimino) (CBE) modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) for simultaneous determination of isoprenaline (IP), captopril (CAP) and tryptophan (Try). A pair of well‐defined redox peaks of Co(II) complex were obtained through a direct electron transfer between the Co(II) complex and the CPE. The proposed sensor showed very efficient electrocatalytic activity for anodic oxidation of IP in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0). Square wave voltammetry (SWV) exhibited two linear dynamic ranges of 0.125–30.0 µM and 30.0–300.0 µM for IP. The detection limit for IP was found to be 50 nM. The proposed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of IP in real samples such as human blood serum, urine and IP ampoule.
Impedimetric Detection of DNA Damage with the Sensor Based on Silver Nanoparticles and Neutral Red
Authors: Kuzin Yury , Porfireva Anna , Stepanova Veronika , Evtugyn Vladimir , Stoikov Ivan , Evtugyn Gennady , Hianik Tibor 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNovel electrochemical DNA‐sensor based on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with Ag nanoparticles, Neutral red covalently attached to its surface and native DNA adsorbed on modifier coating was developed for the estimation of DNA damage on example of model system based on Fenton reagent. As was shown, the oxidation process resulted in synchronous increase of electron transfer resistance and capacitance measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The contribution of each sensor component on the signal was specified and sensitivity estimated against similar surface coatings. The shift of EIS parameters was found to be higher than that of similar biosensors reported. The DNA sensor was tested on the estimation of antioxidant capacity of green tea infusions again the results of coulometric titration with electrogenerated bromine.
Effects of Novel ncRNA Molecules, p15‐piRNAs, on the Methylation of DNA and Histone H3 of the CDKN2B Promoter Region in U937 Cells
Authors: Wu Dansen , Fu Haiying , Zhou Huarong , Su Junnan , Zhang Feng , Shen Jianzhen 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTNon‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play key roles in epigenetic events. However, the exact mechanism of ncRNA guidance, particularly piwi‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs), for the targeting of epigenetic regulatory factors to specific gene regions is unclear. Although piRNA function was first established in germ‐line cells, piRNA may be crucial in cancer cells. This study investigated the potential roles of CDKN2B‐related piRNA in leukemia cells to provide a potential tumorigenesis model of leukemia. CDKN2B‐related piRNAs, hsa_piR_014637 and hsa_piR_011186 were transduced into the leukemia cell line U937 to study the effect of these two piRNAs on cell‐cycle progression, apoptosis, heterochromatin formation, CDKN2B methylation and expression. Our results show that over‐expressing hsa_piR_011186 promoted cell‐cycle progression and decreased apoptosis. We also observed inhibition of CDKN2B gene expression. These effects were likely mediated by novel piRC (piRNA complex) of CDKN2B‐related piRNA that associate with DNMT1, Suv39H1 and/or EZH2 proteins to modulate the methylation of DNA and histone H3 in the promoter region of the CDKN2B gene. The novel piRC complex facilitated epigenetic modifications on the promoter of cell‐cycle regulating genes, providing an expanded view of the role of piRNA in the progression of leukemia cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2744–2754, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hyponatremia: a significant factor in a poor prognosis for cirrhosis with Child A/B after variceal eradication
Authors: Maruyama Hitoshi , Kondo Takayuki , Sekimoto Tadashi , Kiyono Soichiro , Shimada Taro , Takahashi Masanori , Okugawa Hidehiro , Yokosuka Osamu 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo identify prognostic factors prospectively in cirrhosis after the eradication of esophageal varices (EV).MethodsThere were 52 cirrhosis patients (Child–Pugh A 24, B 28) who showed the eradication of EV after the endoscopic sclerotherapy (median observation period, 25.5 months).ResultsEighteen patients showed a recurrence of EV. The cumulative overall survival rate was 92.2% at 1 year, 70.9% at 3 years, and 47.2% at 5 years. Univariate analysis showed that serum sodium concentration (hazard ratio [HR] 0.724, P = 0.0006), serum aspartate transaminase (HR 1.019, P = 0.0075), serum alanine transaminase (HR 1.025, P = 0.0239), and serum creatinine (HR 11.311, P = 0.044) levels before treatment were significant factors for a poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that serum sodium concentration (HR 0.711, P = 0.0022) was the only significant factor. The cumulative survival rate was lower in patients with hyponatremia (<135 mEq/l, a best cut‐off value; 83.3% at 1 year, and 33.3% at 3 years), than in those without (93.3% at 1 year, 77.3% at 3 years and 47.2% at 5 years).ConclusionsPre‐treatment hyponatremia is a significant prognostic factor in cirrhosis with Child A/B after the eradication of EV by the endoscopic sclerotherapy.
Structure and function of placental exchange surfaces in goodeid fishes (Teleostei: Atheriniformes)
Authors: Schindler Joachim F. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTCover illustration. Species of goodeid fish have evolved reproductive strategies involving intraovarian gestation, early evacuation of nearly yolk‐exhausted embryos from the ovigerous tissue into the ovarian cavity, placental matrotrophy during intraluminal gestation, and the birth of highly developed fry. The cover image shows a cross section of the gravid ovary of Xenotoca eiseni (see paper by Schindler, pp. 992–1004). —This issue of the Journal of Morphology presents three review papers on the evolution of viviparity and fetal nutritional adaptations. See also a comprehensive collection of papers in our virtual issue on “Fetal Nutritional Adaptations”.
Harnessing demographic differences in organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity?
Authors: Guillaume Yves R.F. , Dawson Jeremy F. , Otaye‐Ebede Lilian , Woods Stephen A. , West Michael A. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryTo account for the double‐edged nature of demographic workplace diversity (i.e,. relational demography, work group diversity, and organizational diversity) effects on social integration, performance, and well‐being‐related variables, research has moved away from simple main effect approaches and started examining variables that moderate these effects. While there is no shortage of primary studies of the conditions under which diversity leads to positive or negative outcomes, it remains unclear which contingency factors make it work. Using the Categorization‐Elaboration Model as our theoretical lens, we review variables moderating the effects of workplace diversity on social integration, performance, and well‐being outcomes, focusing on factors that organizations and managers have control over (i.e., strategy, unit design, human resource, leadership, climate/culture, and individual differences). We point out avenues for future research and conclude with practical implications. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Organizational Behavior published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Casein/natamycin edible films efficiency for controlling mould growth and on microbiological, chemical and sensory properties during the ripening of Kashar cheese
Authors: Yangılar Filiz , Oğuzhan Yıldız Pınar 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of the dipping application of coating materials such as casein (Cas), casein/natamycin (Cas/N) and natamycin (N) solutions on chemical (e.g. pH, dry matter, fat, acidity, salt, protein, water‐soluble nitrogen, ripening index, 12% trichloroacetic acid‐soluble nitrogen and pH 4.6 soluble nitrogen), microbial (e.g. total number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria in MRS, lactic acid bacteria in M17, coliforms and mould) and organoleptic properties of Kashar cheese samples during ripening (3, 30, 60 and 90 days).RESULTSThe difference in microbiological and chemical changes between samples were found to be significant (P < 0.05) during the ripening period. The highest and lowest mould counts were determined for the control (2.87 log cfu g−1) and the Cas/N (<1 log cfu g−1) samples, respectively, at 90 days of ripening. Compared to other cheeses, control and Cas/N‐coated cheeses had higher levels of water‐soluble nitrogen and ripening index at in the end of storage. The Cas/N‐coated cheese samples were preferred more by the panellists, while N‐coated cheese samples received the lowest scores.CONCLUSIONThis study suggests that coating could be used to improve the quality of Kashar cheese during ripening. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Social Information Processing in Anger Expression and Partner Violence in Returning U.S. Veterans
Authors: Taft Casey T. , Weatherill Robin P. , Scott Jillian Panuzio , Thomas Sarah A. , Kang Han K. , Eckhardt Christopher I. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe examined social information processing factors that could represent pathways through which posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms relate to anger expression and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration in returning U.S. veterans. The sample included 92 male Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans, primarily Caucasian (77.4%), with smaller numbers of African American, Asian, Hispanic or Latino, American Indian or Alaskan Native, and other minority participants (9.7%, 2.2%, 2.2%, 3.2%, and 5.3% respectively). The average age was 40.37 (SD = 9.63) years. Data were collected through self‐report questionnaires (PTSD Checklist, State‐Trait Anger Expression Scale, Revised Conflict Tactics Scales) and the Articulated Thoughts in Simulated Situations experimental protocol. Laboratory‐based assessment of cognitive biases and hostile attributions were tested as mediators of associations between PTSD symptoms and anger expression and IPV. Among the PTSD symptom clusters, hyperarousal symptoms were most strongly associated with anger expression (r = .50) and IPV perpetration (r = .27). Cognitive biases mediated associations between PTSD total scores and 3 of 4 PTSD cluster scores as well as anger expression. Hostile attribution biases were also associated with IPV perpetration (r = .23). We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding social information processing mechanisms for the relationship between PTSD symptoms and aggression.
Prolonged Exposure Therapy With Veterans and Active Duty Personnel Diagnosed With PTSD and Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Wolf Gregory K. , Kretzmer Tracy , Crawford Eric , Thors Christina , Wagner H. Ryan , Strom Thad Q. , Eftekhari Afsoon , Klenk Megan , Hayward Laura , Vanderploeg Rodney D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe present study used archival clinical data to analyze the delivery and effectiveness of prolonged exposure (PE) and ancillary services for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn veterans (N = 69) with histories of mild to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Data from standard clinical assessments of veterans and active duty personnel treated in both inpatient and outpatient programs at 2 Department of Veteran Affairs medical centers were examined. Symptoms were assessed with self‐report measures of PTSD (PTSD Checklist) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory‐II) before and throughout therapy. Mixed linear models were utilized to determine the slope of reported symptoms throughout treatment, and the effects associated with fixed factors such as site, treatment setting (residential vs. outpatient), and TBI severity were examined. Results demonstrated significant decreases in PTSD, B = −3.00, 95% CI [−3.22, −2.78]; t(210) = −13.5; p < .001, and in depressive symptoms, B = −1.46, 95% CI [−1.64, −1.28]; t(192) = −8.32; p < .001. The effects of PE treatment did not differ by clinical setting and participants with moderate to severe injuries reported more rapid gains than those with a history of mild TBI. The results provide evidence that PE may well be effective for veterans with PTSD and TBI.
Ozonolysis of a Series of Methylated Alkenes: Reaction Rate Coefficients and Gas‐Phase Products
Authors: Braure Tristan , Riffault Véronique , Tomas Alexandre , Olariu Romeo Iulian , Arsene Cecilia , Bedjanian Yuri , Coddeville Patrice 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe gas‐phase ozonolysis of three methylated alkenes, i.e., trans‐2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐hexene (22dM3H), trans‐2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐hexene (25dM3H), and 4‐methyl‐1‐pentene (4M1P), has been investigated in the presence of sufficient hydroxyl radical scavenger in a laminar flow reactor at ambient temperature (296 ± 2 K) and P = 1 atm of dry air (RH ≤ 5%). Ozone levels in the reactor were monitored by an automatic analyzer. Alkene and gas‐phase product concentrations were determined via online sampling either on three‐bed adsorbent cartridges followed by thermodesorption and GC/FID‐MS analysis or on 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges for subsequent HPLC/UV analysis. Reaction rate coefficients of (3.38 ± 0.12) × 10−17 for 22dM3H and (2.71 ± 0.26) × 10−17 for 25dM3H, both in cm3 molecule−1 s−1 units, have been obtained under pseudo–first‐order conditions. Primary carbonyl products have been identified for the three investigated alkenes, and branching ratios are reported. In the case of 4M1P ozonolysis, the yield of a Criegee intermediate was indirectly determined. Kinetics and product study results are compared to those of literature when available. This work represents the first investigation of reaction products in the ozonolysis of 22dM3H, 25dM3H, and 4M1P in a flow reactor.
Nonmotor Symptoms in Dopa‐Responsive Dystonia
Authors: Antelmi Elena , Stamelou Maria , Liguori Rocco , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundDopa‐responsive dystonia (DRD) is a rare inherited dystonia, caused by an autosomal dominantly inherited defect in the gene GCH1 that encodes guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1. It catalyzes the first and rate‐limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin, which is the essential co‐factor for aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. Mutation results in the typical scenario of a young‐onset lower‐limb dystonia with diurnal fluctuations, concurrent or subsequent development of parkinsonism and excellent response to levodopa. Given the myriad functions of tetrahydrobiopterin, it is reasonable that other systems, apart from motor, would also be impaired. So far, non‐motor symptoms have been overlooked and very few and often contrasting data are currently available on the matter.MethodsHere by searching the Medline database for publications between 1971 to March 2015, we render an in‐depth analysis of all published data on non‐motor symptoms in DRD.ResultsDepression and subtle sleep quality impairment have been reported among the different cohorts, while current data do not support any alterations of the cardiologic and autonomic systems. However, there is debate about the occurrence of sleep‐related movement disorders and cognitive function. Non‐motor symptoms are instead frequently reported among the clinical spectrum of other neurotransmitter disorders which may sometimes mimic DRD phenotype, ie, DRD plus diseases.ConclusionsFurther studies in larger and treatment‐naïve cohorts are needed to better elucidate the extend of non‐motor symptoms in DRD and also to consider treatment for these.
Predicting Melting Points of Organic Molecules: Applications to Aqueous Solubility Prediction Using the General Solubility Equation
Authors: McDonagh J. L. , van Mourik T. , Mitchell J. B. O. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this work we make predictions of several important molecular properties of academic and industrial importance to seek answers to two questions:1) Can we apply efficient machine learning techniques, using inexpensive descriptors, to predict melting points to a reasonable level of accuracy?2) Can values of this level of accuracy be usefully applied to predicting aqueous solubility?We present predictions of melting points made by several novel machine learning models, previously applied to solubility prediction. Additionally, we make predictions of solubility via the General Solubility Equation (GSE) and monitor the impact of varying the logP prediction model (AlogP and XlogP) on the GSE. We note that the machine learning models presented, using a modest number of 2D descriptors, can make melting point predictions in line with the current state of the art prediction methods (RMSE≥40 °C). We also find that predicted melting points, with an RMSE of tens of degrees Celsius, can be usefully applied to the GSE to yield accurate solubility predictions (log10S RMSE<1) over a small dataset of drug‐like molecules.