bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thiotepa‐based versus total body irradiation‐based myeloablative conditioning prior to allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukaemia in first complete remission: a retrospective analysis from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Eder Sandra , Labopin Myriam , Arcese William , Or Reuven , Majolino Ignazio , Bacigalupo Andrea , de Rosa Gennaro , Volin Liisa , Beelen Dietrich , Veelken Hendrik , Schaap Nicolaas P. M. , Kuball Jurgen , Cornelissen Jan , Nagler Arnon , Mohty Mohamad ,   the Acute Leukemia Working Party
Published: March 2015

AbstractThiotepa is an alkylating compound with an antineoplastic and myeloablative activity and can mimic the effect of radiation. However, it is unknown whether this new regimen could safely replace the long‐established ones. This retrospective matched‐pair analysis evaluated the outcome of adults with acute myeloid leukaemia in first complete remission who received myeloablative conditioning either with a thiotepa‐based (n = 121) or a cyclophosphamide/total body irradiation‐based (TBI; n = 358) regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from an HLA‐matched sibling or an unrelated donor. With a median follow‐up of 44 months, the outcome was similar in both groups. Acute graft‐versus‐host disease grade II‐IV was observed in 25% after thiotepa‐containing regimen versus 35% after TBI (P = 0.06). The 2‐yr cumulative incidence of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease was 40.5% for thiotepa and 41% for TBI (P = 0.98). At 2 yrs, the cumulative incidences of non‐relapse mortality and relapse incidence were 23.9% (thiotepa) vs. 22.4% (TBI; P = 0.66) and 17.2% (thiotepa) vs. 23.3% (TBI; P = 0.77), respectively. The probabilities of leukaemia‐free and overall survival at 2 yrs were not significantly different between the thiotepa and TBI groups, at 58.9% vs. 54.2% (P = 0.95) and 61.4% vs. 58% (P = 0.72), respectively. Myeloablative regimens using combinations including thiotepa can provide satisfactory outcomes, but the optimal conditioning remains unclear for the individual patient in this setting.
Identification of efficient transport pathways from the soil surface to field drains by smoke injection
Authors: Nielsen M. H. , Petersen C. T. , Hansen S. 
Published: March 2015

SummarySurface‐applied agrochemicals have been measured soon after application in drainage water from agricultural fields in various studies. The bypass flow from the soil surface into drains may result from direct macropore connections. In order to identify such macropores, smoke was injected into three 1.15‐m deep tile drains in a sandy loam soil using ‘smoke oil’ and an air blower. Smoke‐emitting macropores (SEM) at the soil surface were characterized as having either strong or weak plumes when compared with reference plumes from 3‐ and 6‐mm wide tubes. A total drain length of 93 m, at three separate sub‐drain lines, was investigated after harvest of wheat in autumn 2010 and in spring 2011. Smoke only reached the soil surface layer via earthworm burrows, located in a 1‐m wide belt directly above the drain lines. The distributions of SEM across the drain line were similar in autumn and spring. The average number of SEM along the drain lines was 2.3 SEM m−1 drain line. Ponded water in 6‐cm wide rings was applied above 52 burrows, including 17 reference burrows that did not emit smoke, and 13 pathways in the soil were examined with dye tracer. Strong SEM marked the entrance of efficient transport pathways conducting surface‐applied water and dye tracer into the drain. Water infiltration rates were significantly larger (P < 0.05) in strong SEM (geometric mean, 195 ml minute−1; n = 19) than in weak SEM (geometric mean, 63 ml minute−1; n = 16) and for the reference burrows (geometric mean, 39 ml minute−1; n = 17). The results suggest that the smoke injection technique is a valuable means of identifying potentially efficient pathways for surface‐applied contaminants to enter drains, such pathways being associated primarily with strong SEM.
Impact of long‐term mineral and organic fertilizer application on the water stability, wettability and porosity of aggregates obtained from two loamy soils
Authors: Czachor H. , Charytanowicz M. , Gonet S. , Niewczas J. , Jozefaciuk G. , Lichner L. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe impact of fertilizer application on soil aggregate stability is of increasing interest to soil scientists. Aggregate water stability depends primarily on soil organic matter. We studied silty loam and loamy sand aggregates from three long‐term fertilizer treatments (control, pig manure and NPK) which significantly altered the quantity of organic matter. A new approach to examining aggregate stability was used: soil aggregates were immersed in methanol‐water solutions with methanol at 0, 20, 40 and 60% concentration (C), and non‐disrupted aggregates were separated after 30 minutes. The aggregate resistance R(C) against each solution was taken as the percentage of stable aggregates. Overall resistance of the aggregates was taken as the Rtot parameter given by the product of four R(C) values. The R(C) values of all aggregates were positively correlated with C. The R(60) values were independent of the applied fertilizer. The R(0) value for silty loam aggregates ranged from 28% (pig manure) to 7% (NPK), while that for loamy sand equalled 7–9% in all cases. The R(20) values were most effective at differentiating the soils and the fertilizer treatments. However, the Rtot value was a better indicator of aggregate stability. Greater differences in stabilities of aggregates were noted in loamy sand. Mineral fertilizer application seemed to decrease aggregate resistance in both soils. Total organic carbon and nitrogen content in all non‐disrupted aggregates were negatively correlated with methanol concentration (C) of the solution applied for aggregate separation. The largest decrease was for the pig manure treatment, and the smallest was for the control. Porosity and pore size distributions of the aggregates were derived from micro‐tomography and approximated to lognormal pore size distributions. Larger porosities and pores were found in water‐stable aggregates than in methanol‐stable aggregates. It seems that the dominant mechanisms for aggregate instability during fast wetting were not related only to the pore air compression, but to weakening of attractive forces between aggregate particles by water.
Individual heterogeneity in life histories and eco‐evolutionary dynamics
Authors: Vindenes Yngvild , Langangen Øystein 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIndividual heterogeneity in life history shapes eco‐evolutionary processes, and unobserved heterogeneity can affect demographic outputs characterising life history and population dynamical properties. Demographic frameworks like matrix models or integral projection models represent powerful approaches to disentangle mechanisms linking individual life histories and population‐level processes. Recent developments have provided important steps towards their application to study eco‐evolutionary dynamics, but so far individual heterogeneity has largely been ignored. Here, we present a general demographic framework that incorporates individual heterogeneity in a flexible way, by separating static and dynamic traits (discrete or continuous). First, we apply the framework to derive the consequences of ignoring heterogeneity for a range of widely used demographic outputs. A general conclusion is that besides the long‐term growth rate lambda, all parameters can be affected. Second, we discuss how the framework can help advance current demographic models of eco‐evolutionary dynamics, by incorporating individual heterogeneity. For both applications numerical examples are provided, including an empirical example for pike. For instance, we demonstrate that predicted demographic responses to climate warming can be reversed by increased heritability. We discuss how applications of this demographic framework incorporating individual heterogeneity can help answer key biological questions that require a detailed understanding of eco‐evolutionary dynamics.
Morphological study of alar androconia in Celastrina butterflies
Authors: Ômura Hisashi , Itoh Takao , Wright David M. , Pavulaan Harry , Schröder Stefan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMorphological studies of androconia were performed for 13 Celastrina species using a digital microscope with Z‐stacking mode. Whereas C. ladon lacked androconia, the remaining 12 species were found to possess fan‐shaped androconia on the dorsal wing surfaces. The androconia of these species shared the following common features: smaller size than standard color‐producing scales, absence of dentate termini and presence of crossrib perforations. In addition, some species were characterized by unique microstructures in their androconia. The androconia of C. argiolus iynteana possessed a rounded lamellar contour, while those of C. lavendularis himilcon and C. echo cinerea were tapered on the basal end. The average number of longitudinal ridges of C. argiolus ladonides and C. filipjevi (17.1) were greater than the average number of 12 species (14.3). These results suggest that the morphological traits of androconia in microdomain, such as the shape of the lamellar form and the average number of longitudinal ridges, are useful to identify species in the genus Celastrina.
Early and chronic gray matter volume changes in limbic encephalitis revealed by voxel‐based morphometry
Authors: Wagner Jan , Weber Bernd , Elger Christian E. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryObjectiveAntibody‐associated limbic encephalitis (LE) is an increasingly recognized cause of mostly adult‐onset temporal lobe epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) typically shows volume and signal changes of the mesiotemporal structures. However, recent studies indicate that imaging characteristics depend on the type of the associated antibody. The aim of the present study was to investigate early and chronic gray matter (GM) volume changes in LE by means of voxel‐based morphometry (VBM).MethodsOptimized VBM analysis was applied to altogether 73 MRI volumes of 55 patients with antibody‐associated LE. Based on the time point of MRI acquisition, patients were split into two separate groups to enable the evaluation of early (≤2 years after LE onset) and chronic (>2 years after LE onset) GM volume changes. In addition, separate analyses for the two most common LE subtypes in our study cohort, that is, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)–associated LE and voltage‐gated potassium channel (VGKC)‐complex–associated LE were performed. Age‐ and gender‐matched healthy subjects served as controls.ResultsReferring to the entire LE group, VBM revealed bi‐amygdalar GM volume increase in the early disease stage. In the chronic disease stage, amygdala enlargement had resolved and we found GM volume reduction in the right cerebellar hemisphere. In the subgroup analysis, VBM showed corresponding bi‐amygdalar GM volume increase in VGKC‐complex–associated LE on early MRI, whereas no changes were found in GAD‐associated LE. In the chronic disease stage, VBM revealed left frontal GM volume increase in VGKC‐complex–associated LE and right frontoparietal GM volume reduction in GAD‐associated LE.SignificanceThe present study provides further evidence of a predominant affection of the amygdala in the early disease stage of LE, which resolves during the later course of the disease. Furthermore, our results show that LE features distinct imaging characteristics depending on the associated antibody and thus may contribute to a better pathophysiologic understanding of this disease.
Delegation and Authority: Authoritarian Liberalism Today
Authors: Somek Alexander 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn light of the reforms undertaken for the sake of the Euro, the article revisits the concept authoritarian liberalism that was introduced in 1933 by the German public law scholar Hermann Heller. This notion seeks to capture the liaison between the ‘strong state’ and economic liberalism. The article suggests that this notion can be fruitfully used to designate the new governance of economic and monetary union. It argues, particularly, that it makes sense to speak of an authoritarian style of governance even if the latter does not wear vestiges of outright repression. Two different faces of authoritarian liberalism can be distinguished: one that looks more towards authoritarianism and another one that views authoritarian rule as a managerial strategy that is good for the economy. The article then speculates whether the EU has been, indeed, successful because it shifts between the two. Disturbingly, there may be something deeply as well as more accidentally authoritarian about European integration.
Inhibition of retinoic acid catabolism by minocycline: evidence for a novel mode of action?
Authors: Regen Francesca , Hildebrand Martin , Le Bret Nathalie , Herzog Irmelin , Heuser Isabella , Hellmann‐Regen Julian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA) represents an essential and highly potent endogenous retinoid with pronounced anti‐inflammatory properties and potent anti‐acne activity, and has recently been suggested to share a common anti‐inflammatory mode of action with tetracycline antibiotics. We hypothesized that tetracyclines may directly interfere with RA homeostasis via inhibition of its local cytochrome P450 (CYP450)‐mediated degradation, an essential component of tightly regulated skin RA homeostasis. To test this hypothesis, we performed controlled in vitro RA metabolism assays using rat skin microsomes and measured RA levels in a RA‐synthesizing human keratinocyte cell line, both in the presence and in the absence of minocycline, a tetracycline popular in acne treatment. Interestingly, minocycline potently blocked RA degradation in rat skin microsomes, and strikingly enhanced RA levels in RA‐synthesizing cell cultures, in a dose‐dependent manner. These findings indicate a potential role for CYP‐450‐mediated RA metabolism in minocycline's pleiotropic mode of action and anti‐acne efficacy and could account for the overlap between minocycline and RA‐induced effects at the level of their molecular mode of action, but also clinically at the level of the rare side effect of pseudotumor cerebri, which is observed for both, RA and minocycline treatment.
EMMPRIN regulates β1 integrin‐mediated adhesion through Kindlin‐3 in human melanoma cells
Authors: Delyon Julie , Khayati Farah , Djaafri Ibtissem , Podgorniak Marie‐Pierre , Sadoux Aurélie , Setterblad Niclas , Boutalbi Zineb , Maouche Kamel , Maskos Uwe , Menashi Suzanne , Lebbé Céleste , Mourah Samia 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEMMPRIN is known to promote tumor invasion through extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Here we report that EMMPRIN can regulate melanoma cell adhesion to the ECM through an interaction with β1 integrin involving kindlin‐3. In this study, EMMPRIN knockdown in the human melanoma cell line M10 using siRNA decreased cell invasion and significantly increased cell adhesion and spreading. A morphological change from a round to a spread shape was observed associated with enhanced phalloidin‐labelled actin staining. In situ proximity ligation assay and co‐immunoprecipitation revealed that EMMPRIN silencing increased the interaction of β1 integrin with kindlin‐3, a focal adhesion protein. This was associated with an increase in β1 integrin activation and a decrease in the phosphorylation of the downstream integrin kinase FAK. Moreover, the expression at both the transcript and protein level of kindlin‐3 and of β1 integrin was inversely regulated by EMMPRIN. EMMPRIN did not regulate either talin expression or its interaction with β1 integrin. These results are consistent with our in vivo demonstration that EMMPRIN inhibition increased β1 integrin activation and its interaction with kindlin‐3. To conclude, these findings reveal a new role of EMMPRIN in tumor cell migration through ß1 integrin/kindlin‐3‐mediated adhesion pathway.
Metastasis suppressor NME1 regulates melanoma cell morphology, self‐adhesion and motility via induction of fibronectin expression
Authors: Novak Marián , Leonard Mary Kathryn , Yang Xiuwei H. , Kowluru Anjan , Belkin Alexey M. , Kaetzel David M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractExpression of the metastasis suppressor NME1 in melanoma is associated with reduced cellular motility and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Herein, we report a novel mechanism through which NME1 controls melanoma cell morphology via upregulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin. Expression of NME1 strongly suppressed cell motility in melanoma cell lines 1205LU and M14. The resulting sedentary phenotype was associated with a more flattened appearance and marked increases in actin stress fibre and focal adhesion formation. NME1‐induced focal adhesions were colocalized with dense deposits of fibronectin, which were absent or minimal in the corresponding NME1‐deficient parental lines. NME1 was a strong inducer of fibronectin mRNA and protein expression, shown with reciprocal approaches of forced NME1 expression and shRNA‐mediated knock‐down. Increased synthesis and ECM deposition of fibronectin was necessary for NME1‐induced cell spreading, as knock‐down of fibronectin opposed the effects of NME1 on cell morphology. Fibronectin knock‐down also reversed the ability of NME1 to promote aggregation when cells were plated on a non‐adherent substratum. Similarly, inhibiting activation of the fibronectin receptor integrin α4β1 with an anti‐α4 antibody reversed the motility‐suppressing effect of NME1. A positive correlation was observed between NME1 and fibronectin mRNA in clinical biopsies of normal skin, benign nevi and primary melanomas, but not in metastatic forms, suggesting the NME1/fibronectin axis represents a barrier to melanoma progression. In summary, these findings indicate fibronectin is an important effector of the motility‐suppressing function of NME1 in melanoma cells.
Anti‐angiogenic activity of thienopyridine derivative LCB03‐0110 by targeting VEGFR‐2 and JAK/STAT3 Signalling
Authors: Kim Byung‐Hak , Lee Yoonji , Yoo Hyun , Cui Minghua , Lee Sungwoon , Kim Sun Young , Cho Jong Un , Lee Hyangsook , Yang Beom‐Seok , Kwon Young‐Guen , Choi Sun , Kim Tae‐Yoon 
Published: March 2015

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2) and Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling are important for tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. In this study, we identified (3‐(2‐(3‐(morpholinomethyl)phenyl)thieno[3,2‐b]pyridin‐7‐ylamino)phenol (LCB03‐0110) as a potent angiogenesis inhibitor. LCB03‐0110 inhibited VEGFR‐2 and JAK/STAT3 signalling in primary cultured human endothelial cells and cancer cells. An in vitro kinase assay and molecular modelling revealed that LCB03‐0110 inhibited VEGFR‐2, c‐SRC and TIE‐2 kinase activity via preferential binding at the ATP‐binding site of their kinases. LCB03‐0110 successfully occupied the hydrophobic pocket of VEGFR‐2, c‐SRC and TIE‐2. LCB03‐0110 also inhibited hypoxia‐induced HIF/STAT3 and EGF‐ or angiopoietin‐induced signalling cascades. In addition, LCB03‐0110 inhibited VEGF‐induced proliferation, viability, migration and capillary‐like tube formation. LCB03‐0110 also suppressed the sprouting of endothelial cells in the rat aorta and the formation of new blood vessels in the mouse Matrigel plug assay, but also suppressed pulmonary metastasis and tumor xenograft in mice. Our results suggest that LCB03‐0110 is a potential candidate small molecule for blocking angiogenesis mediated by aberrant activation of VEGFR‐2 and JAK/STAT3 signalling.
Mapping the expression of epithelial hair follicle stem cell‐related transcription factors LHX2 and SOX9 in the human hair follicle
Authors: Purba Talveen S. , Haslam Iain S. , Shahmalak Asim , Bhogal Ranjit K. , Paus Ralf 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn the murine hair follicle (HF), the transcription factors LHX2 and SOX9 are implicated in epithelial hair follicle stem cell (eHFSC) self‐renewal and the maintenance of eHFSC niche characteristics. However, the exact expression patterns of LHX2 and SOX9 in the human HF are unclear. Therefore, we have quantitatively mapped the localisation of known human eHFSC markers keratin 15 (K15) and keratin 19 (K19) in the outer root sheath (ORS) of male occipital scalp anagen HFs and related this to the localisation of LHX2 and SOX9 protein expression. As expected, K15+ and K19+ cells represented two distinct progenitor cell populations in the bulge and in the proximal bulb ORS (pbORS). Interestingly, cell fluorescence for K19 was significantly stronger within the pbORS versus the bulge, and vice versa for K15, describing a hitherto unrecognised differential expression pattern. LHX2 and SOX9 expressing cells were distributed throughout the ORS, including the bulge, but were not restricted to it. SOX9 expression was most prominent in the ORS immediately below the human bulge, whereas LHX2+ cells were similarly distributed between the sub‐bulge and pbORS, that is compartments not enriched with quiescent eHFSCs. During catagen development, the intensity of LHX2 and SOX9 protein expression increased in the proximal HF epithelium. Double immunostaining showed that the majority of SOX9+ cells in the human anagen HF epithelium did not co‐express K15, K19 or LHX2. This expression profile suggests that LHX2 and SOX9 highlight distinct epithelial progenitor cell populations, in addition to K15+ or K19+ cells, that could play an important role in the maintenance of the human HF epithelium.
Practitioners of complementary and alternative medicine should value their strengths
Authors: Fønnebø Vinjar 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe patient‐experienced effect of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) can primarily be attributed to a personal relationship between the provider and patient, and health recommendations within a context with potential symbolic value. The current important challenge for CAM practitioners is to acknowledge that their specific ‘treatments’ should also be mostly reclassified as important symbols, not treatments with direct pathophysiological effects. If this were done, they would hopefully achieve a constructive dialogue with representatives of conventional medicine.
Elements of metacommunity structure and community‐environment relationships in stream organisms
Authors: Heino Jani , Nokela Tiina , Soininen Janne , Tolkkinen Mikko , Virtanen Laura , Virtanen Risto 
Published: March 2015

Summary

Most metacommunity studies aim to explain variation in community structure using environmental and spatial variables. An alternative is to examine patterns emerging at the level of an entire metacommunity, whereby six models of metacommunity structure (i.e. random, chequerboards, nestedness, evenly spaced, Gleasonian gradients and Clementsian gradients) can be examined.

We aimed to test the fit of six competing models of metacommunity structure to extensive survey data on diatoms, bacteria, bryophytes and invertebrates from three drainage basins in Finland, along a latitudinal gradient from 66 °N to 70 °N.

Species were mainly distributed independently of one another (following the Gleasonian model) in the southernmost drainage basin (66 °N), whereas there were discrete community types, with sets of species responding similarly along environmental gradients (following the Clementsian model), in the northernmost drainage basin (70 °N). The patterns found were not directly related to an expected relationships between environmental heterogeneity and metacommunity structures, but rather to the geographical location of the drainage basin.

There is evidently among‐region variation in the best‐fit models of metacommunity structure of stream organisms. These metacommunity patterns may show some similarities among biologically disparate organismal groups sampled at the set of the same sites, although the underlying environmental drivers of those patterns may vary between the groups.