bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersions of Hollow and Bamboo‐Like Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Polyethyleneimine: Critical Analysis of the Preparation Conditions and Applications for Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Eguílaz Marcos , Ferreyra Nancy F. , Rivas Gustavo A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis work is focused on the critical analysis of the influence of the experimental conditions on the efficient dispersion of hollow‐type (hMWCNT) and bamboo‐like (bMWCNT) multiwall carbon nanotubes with polyethyleneimine (PEI). Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies demonstrated that the adequate combination of optimized ultracavitation and centrifugation is essential to obtain successful dispersions. The selected conditions were 1.0 mg mL−1 hMWCNT in 3.0 mg mL−1 PEI sonicated with a sonicator probe operating at 50 % of amplitude for 300 s and centrifuged at 9000 rpm for 15 min. Bamboo‐like multiwall carbon nanotubes were faster exfoliated and glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified with the resulting dispersion allowed the amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide at lower potentials (0.100 V) with a detection limit of 5.5 µM.
Cu(II)‐Based MOF Immobilized on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis and Application for Nonenzymatic Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide with High Sensitivity
Authors: Zhou Echeng , Zhang Yanwu , Li Yijun , He Xiwen 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCu(II)‐based MOF (Cu‐bipy‐BTC, bipy=2,2′‐bipyridine, BTC=1,3,5‐tricarboxylate) was synthesized and immobilized on multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The prepared composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and IR spectra. Then the material was modified onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode, and showed a couple of well‐defined redox peaks in a phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.0), ascribed to the redox process of CuII/I in the Cu‐bipy‐BTC. The modified electrode was then applied to fabricate a non‐enzymatic hydrogen peroxide biosensor. The sensor showed good electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide with a wide linear range (3–70 µmol L−1 and 70–30000 µmol L−1) and a detection limit of 0.46 µmol L−1, as well as good stability and repeatability. In addition, the sensor has been successfully applied to determine hydrogen peroxide in water samples with good accuracy. Thus, the Cu‐bipy‐BTC/MWCNTs composite has great potential for applications in electrochemical sensors.
Electroless Deposition of Silver Nanoparticles on Graphene Oxide Surface and Its Applications for the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Zhu Jun , Kim KeunSoo , Liu Zhenxian , Feng Huan , Hou Shifeng 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA new process to decorate graphene oxide (GO) with silver nanoparticles was developed through electroless deposition technique, which was performed by treating GO with Sn2+ first and then with Ag+. Silver nanoparticles‐GO (AgNPs‐GO) nanocomposites were prepared by this technique. The process was monitored using UV‐vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrochemical behaviour of AgNPs‐GO modified glassy carbon electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The potential application of this technique for hydrogen peroxide detection was tested with a range from 10 µM to 20 mM with a detection limit of 0.5 µM.
Effect of gas cell pressure in FTIR analysis of fire effluents
Authors: Guillaume Eric , Saragoza Laurent , Wakatsuki Kaoru , Blomqvist Per 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe analysis of fire effluents using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is increasing in the field of fire science. This technique is very powerful and may be very selective and precise if the FTIR instrument is properly calibrated. However, results are sensitive to instrumental parameters, including especially pressure effects on the contents in the measurement cell. This communication presents experimental and numerical evaluation of pressure effects in FTIR analysis, and an evaluation of the feasibility and limitation of pressure corrections. The work performed concerns experimental measurements on pressure influence with four different gases, at different levels of concentration, and for one of the gases with different equipment from two laboratories. Some of these results are compared with theoretical models obtained from HITRAN database. Finally, this communication proposes limitations to the range of validity of correction if the actual pressure and the pressure for calibration differ, and suggests a tolerance of ±10 Torr on pressure variation for application of the method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Environmental Kuznets Curve, Cointegration and Nonlinearity
Authors: Wagner Martin 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThis paper clarifies some conceptual shortcomings of the empirical environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) literature that arise because of the hitherto inadequate application of unit root and cointegration techniques. The literature to date has ignored the fact, and a fortiori the consequences, that powers of integrated processes are themselves not integrated processes. The paper explains why standard methods should not be applied and discusses some recently proposed viable estimation and testing approaches for cointegrating polynomial regressions. The application to CO2 and SO2 emissions data shows that using appropriate methods leads to strongly reduced evidence for a cointegrating EKC compared to typical but conceptually not sound findings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunomodulation due to plasma or plasma–platelet apheresis donation: Events occurring during donation procedures
Authors: Ghio Massimo , Contini Paola , Ansaldi Filippo , Ubezio Gianluca , Setti Maurizio , Risso Marco , Tripodi Gino 
Published: September 2014

Background:It has been recently shown that during therapeutic apheresis procedure, a large amount of soluble HLA class I molecules settles onto plastic apheresis circuits, inducing sustained TGFβ1 pre/post‐transcriptional modulation in activated patients' leukocytes. Reportedly, donors' leukocytes may be exposed to similar immunosuppressing activities during donor apheresis procedures. On this basis, it could be hypothesized that such events can cause immune modulation. It is uncertain which blood cell population is most impacted by these events. This study is focused on the effects on the T lymphocytes.Study design and methods:To assess if such events occur, lymphocytes from 20 apheresis donors collected before and after three closely timed plasma and platelet donation procedures were analyzed for sHLA‐I mediated immunomodulation.Results:The results confirmed that sHLA‐I molecules bind to the apheresis circuit surfaces. Circuits can also transiently activate donors' CD8+ T lymphocytes, to which sHLA‐I molecules can bind, thus modulating short‐lasting immune effects, such as transcriptional and post‐transcriptional TGFβ1 modulation and soluble Fas ligand release. However, no significant change in relative proportions, absolute number and cell viability of lymphocyte subpopulations was found and no ex vivo immune effect was detectable longer than 14 days after procedure in any cell type in all donors.Conclusion:Short‐lived sHLA‐I mediated immunomodulation was demonstrable in lymphocytes from every donor as a consequence of apheresis procedures, but no enrolled subject experienced any adverse reaction or showed any sign of immunosuppression during 24 months of follow‐up after the donations. J. Clin. Apheresis 30:204–211, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Haga Hiroaki , Patel Tushar 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (iCCA) are primary intrahepatic malignancies originating from biliary epithelia. While both hepatocellular cancer and iCCA can present as mass lesions within the liver, these cancers are distinct in their morphology, etiology, pathology, natural history and response to therapy. There is a need for accurate and sensitive molecular markers for the diagnosis of iCCA. Recent advances in elucidating molecular and genetic characteristics of iCCA offer the potential of molecular‐based diagnosis of iCCA. Specific genetic mutations of IDH1/2, BAP1, p53, and KRAS, FGFR gene fusions and alterations in microRNA have all been described in iCCA. Although there are no accurate serum or biliary biomarkers currently available for diagnosis of iCCA, several potential candidates have been identified. Knowledge of specific genetic or molecular abnormalities offers potential for individualized approaches for the treatment of patients with iCCA in the future.
Evaluating daily surface maximum temperature interpolation error by adding climate stations near border areas over China
Authors: Ma Jianyong , Dong Wenjie , Wei Zhigang , Yan Xiaodong 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBased on the observed daily surface maximum temperature data from 610 stations over mainland China and 162 sites from neighbouring countries during 1981–2010, the impacts of adding climate stations near border areas on daily surface maximum temperature interpolation errors over China were studied using the thin‐plate spline method. The results showed that large improvements of interpolation accuracy in daily surface maximum temperature were achieved in border areas by adding climate information from neighbouring countries. Mean absolute error (MAE) was reduced by an average of 0.6 °C year−1 and the frequency distribution of daily bias narrowed and became more peaked at 21 boundary stations that were withheld from the model‐building process. Although pronounced variation was not found in most part of mainland China at a 10 km × 10 km grid resolution, the interpolated temperature transition between different thresholds became more stable and aligned with elevation gradients in western and northern border areas of China after incorporating data from the 162 foreign stations into the spatial interpolations. Therefore, caution should be taken when generating gridded data sets only based on observed sites in study areas to investigate regional climate change, particularly if border areas with complicated terrain are insufficiently covered by data networks.
Assessing trends in lower tropospheric heat content in the central United States using equivalent temperature
Authors: Schoof J. T. , Heern Z. A. , Therrell M. D. , Remo J. W. F. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIsobaric equivalent temperature (TE) is the temperature that an air parcel would have if all associated water vapour were condensed and the resulting latent heat used to increase the temperature of the parcel. It is therefore an ideal metric for assessing changes in (1) total near‐surface heat content associated with both temperature and moisture content and (2) the joint behaviour of temperature and humidity, which is relevant to both lower atmospheric stability and human heat stress during extreme temperature events. We present results from an analysis of 50 years (1961–2010) of daily TE and its temperature and moisture components at seven stations in the central United States. The annual means of daily TEmax and TEmin increased at all stations during the period of analysis with the largest changes occurring in TEmin, largely as a result of increasing minimum air temperature. At western locations significant increases in the annual mean TEmax were also observed, resulting from a combination of increases in Tmax and humidity. Despite small summer (JJA) trends in maximum air temperature, summer TE trends were generally larger than their annual counterparts. The timing of the observed variations and the resulting spatial pattern are consistent with observed changes in meridional moisture flux associated with the Great Plains low‐level jet. Heat waves in the region were found to be characterized by increasing TEmin, primarily resulting from increases in minimum air temperature. At western stations, heat waves were also characterized by increasing TEmax as a result of positive trends in humidity. In most cases, equivalent temperature provides a perspective on local environmental change that differs from what is provided by consideration of temperature alone.
Production of 4‐ethylphenol in alperujo by Lactobacillus pentosus
Authors: de Castro Antonio , Asencio Emilio , Ruiz‐Méndez Maria Victoria , Romero Concepción , Brenes Manuel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlperujo is the paste generated from the two‐phase extraction system of olive oil. This wet pomace must be stored for several months and, during this period, the formation of 4‐ethyphenol provokes a strong off‐odour. The aim of this work was to identify the microorganisms able to produce this volatile phenol.RESULTSYeast and bacterial strains were isolated from stored alperujo and tested for their ability to metabolize p‐coumaric acid and form 4‐ethylphenol. Among them, Lactobacillus pentosus was the microorganism that both in synthetic medium and alperujo gave rise to 4‐ethylphenol formation. This microorganism did not grow in alperujo acidified to pH 2, thereby confirming that acidification as the best method to control odour emissions during alperujo storage.CONCLUSIONLactic acid bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus pentosus, can be responsible for the formation of the off‐odour caused by 4‐ethylphenol during the storage of alperujo. This odour can be prevented by acidifying the alperujo. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Nerve branches to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle may complicate the laryngeal reinnervation procedure
Authors: Su Wan‐Fu , Liu Shao‐Cheng , Wang Shwun‐De , Su Wang‐Yu , Ma Kuo‐Hsing , Huang Tung‐Tsun 
Published: September 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo better understand the reason for the low success rate of posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle reinnervation, we attempted to identify the communicating branches that may exist between the nerve branch to the PCA muscle and the other laryngeal adductors in addition to the interarytenoid (IA) muscle.Study DesignQuantitative histological assessment.MethodsTwenty human hemilarynges from patients with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer were obtained after surgery and stained with Sihler's stain, which rendered the muscle translucent while counterstaining the neuroanatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) inside the larynges.ResultsThe nerve supply to the PCA muscle was separated into two main branches. One upper branch supplied the horizontal compartment, and the lower branch supplied the vertical/oblique compartment. In 14 specimens, two nerve branches to the PCA muscle arose separately from the RLN. In six specimens, one single main branch arose from the RLN and immediately ramified into two secondary branches. In all specimens except one, the nerve branch to the horizontal compartment was connected to the IA muscle. However, no communicating branches were observed between the nerve to the PCA muscle and the other laryngeal adductors. No anastomosis between nerve branches to the horizontal and vertical/oblique compartments or other variations of nerve distribution were observed.ConclusionsThe communicating branches between the nerve branches to the PCA muscle and the IA muscle may be the only branch, complicating the reinnervation procedure. More investigations are needed to identify variations in the terminal branch distribution from the RLN.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:419–423, 2015
Gastroesophageal and extraesophageal reflux symptoms: Similarities and differences
Authors: Drinnan Michael , Powell Jason , Nikkar‐Esfahani Ali , Heading Robert C. , Doyle Jill , Griffin S. Michael , Leslie Paula , Bradley Paula T. , James Peter , Wilson Janet A. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThe association between extraesophageal reflux (EER) and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is inadequately understood. We used the Comprehensive Reflux Symptom Scale (CReSS) to evaluate EER and reflux‐symptom prevalence in gastroenterology and otolaryngology outpatients and symptom awareness among UK gastroenterologists.Study DesignCross‐sectional cohort survey.MethodsSix hundred thirty‐nine participants were surveyed: 103 controls, 359 patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), and 177 otolaryngology clinic patients with throat symptoms. Participants completed the CReSS questionnaire. The study was undertaken in the Endoscopy Unit and the Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, United Kingdom. Registered members of the British Gastroenterology Society were asked to rate how frequently reflux patients might complain of each CReSS item.ResultsThe median CReSS total in volunteers (4) was significantly lower (P < .002) than in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) patients (26) or EGD patients with (42) or without (32) esophageal inflammation. All items were scored as ≥1 by >15% of ENT patients and 28% of EGD patients. Three major, robust CReSS factors: esophageal, pharyngeal, and upper airway emerged. Of 259 gastroenterologists, >20% scored 8 of the 34 symptoms as never being reported by reflux patients.ConclusionsEndorsement of each EER CReSS item by 28% to 58% of patients with endoscopic evidence of GERD supports the Montreal consensus on an EER‐GERD continuum. Gastroenterologists vary considerably in their appreciation of EER symptom relevance. The advantages of CReSS include standardized, comprehensive capture of patient experience; discriminant validity of ENT and GERD patients from volunteers; and discrete esophageal, pharyngeal, and upper airway subscales.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 125:424–430, 2015
Topical rapamycin systematically suppresses the early stages of pulsed dye laser‐induced angiogenesis pathways
Authors: Gao Lin , Phan Sydney , Nadora Dawnica Mercado , Chernova Margarita , Sun Victor , Preciado Salena Marie Oaxaca , Ballew Brittany , Jia Zhenyu , Jia Wangcun , Wang Gang , Mihm Martin C. , Nelson J. Stuart , Tan Wenbin 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundAdministration of topical rapamycin (RPM) suppresses the regeneration and revascularization of photocoagulated blood vessels induced by pulsed dye laser (PDL).ObjectiveTo systematically elucidate the molecular pathophysiology of the inhibition of PDL‐induced angiogenesis by topical RPM in a rodent model.MethodsThe mRNA expression profiles of 86 angiogenic genes and phosphorylation levels of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (P70S6K) in rodent skin were examined with or without topical RPM administration post‐PDL exposure.ResultsThe PDL‐induced systematic increases in transcriptional levels of angiogenic genes showed a peak expression at days 3–7 post‐PDL in rodent skin. Topical application of 1% RPM significantly and systematically suppressed the PDL‐induced increase in mRNA levels of the examined angiogenic genes during the first five days post‐PDL. The phosphorylation levels of P70S6K increased after PDL exposure but those increases were suppressed by the topical RPM. After topical application, RPM penetrated to an approximate depth of 768.4 μm into rodent skin.ConclusionTopical application of 1% RPM can significantly and systematically suppress the PDL‐induced early stage of angiogenesis via inhibition of the AKT/mTOR/P70S6K pathway in a rodent model. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:679–688, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐Organization of Poly(ethylene oxide) on the Surface of Aqueous Salt Solutions
Authors: Fuchs Christian , Hussain Hazrat , Amado Elkin , Busse Karsten , Kressler Joerg 
Published: September 2014

It is demonstrated that stable Langmuir films of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) can be formed up to surface pressures of 30 mN m−1 when potassium carbonate K2CO3 is added to the aqueous subphase. Generally, PEO homopolymer cannot stay on the water surface at a surface pressure ≥10 mN m−1 due to its high water solubility. To prepare stable monolayer films, PEO can be modified with hydrophobic moieties. However, by exploiting the salting out effect by adding certain salts (K2CO3 or MgSO4) into the aqueous subphase, not only very stable films but also unusual self‐organization can be achieved by the PEO homopolymer on the surface of the aqueous solution. Thus, a series of OH‐terminated PEOs is found to form a stable monolayer at K2CO3 concentrations of 2 M and above in the aqueous subphase, and the stability of the film increases with an increase in K2CO3 concentration. Hysteresis experiments are also carried out. During the phase transition induced by progressive compression, self‐organization into well‐defined domains with sizes in the micrometer range are observed, and with further compression and holding of the film for 30 min and above the microdomains transform into a crystalline morphology as visualized by Brewster angle microscopy.
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Review of Severity Rating Scales for Restless Legs Syndrome: Critique and Recommendations
Authors: Walters Arthur S. , Frauscher Birgit , Allen Richard , Benes Heike , Chaudhuri K. Ray , Garcia‐Borreguero Diego , Lee Hochang B. , Picchietti Daniel L. , Trenkwalder Claudia , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Schrag Anette , Stebbins Glenn 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOver the last decade, research in restless legs syndrome (RLS; also known as Willis‐Ekbom disease) has increased dramatically. The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society commissioned a task force to formally evaluate the available evidence on severity rating scales in RLS. A literature search retrieved instruments specific to RLS. Each scale was evaluated by three criteria: (1) use in RLS; (2) use by research or clinical groups other than the group that developed the scale; and (3) formal validation and adequate clinimetric properties. Scales were then qualified as “recommended” when all three criteria were met, “suggested” when used for RLS but only one of the other criteria was met, and “listed” when only used in RLS. Details regarding the development, use, and psychometric properties of each instrument and the recommendations of the committee are summarized. The scale of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group for rating the severity of RLS (International Restless Legs Scale or IRLS) and the Augmentation Severity Rating Scale fulfilled criteria for “recommended” instruments to assess severity. Future endeavors should include a validation of the Pediatric RLS Severity Scale, the only available instrument for evaluation of the severity of pediatric RLS, and a validation of a patient version of the IRLS that will not require the interface of a live interviewer.
Proteomic analysis identifies cytoskeleton‐interacting proteins as major downstream targets of altered folate status in the aorta of adult rat
Authors: Gérard Nicolas , Chanson‐Rollé Aurélie , Rock Edmond , Brachet Patrick 
Published: September 2014

ScopeMild folate deficiency and subsequently elevated plasma level of homocysteine are associated with an increased risk for vascular diseases in adults. Conversely, high intakes of folic acid (FA) may have beneficial effects on vascular function, presumably in part through homocysteine lowering. However, these effects have not yet been translated in terms of prevention or treatment of vascular pathologies. Besides, the complex biologic perturbation induced by variations of the folate supply is still not fully deciphered. We thus carried out a proteomic analysis of the aorta of adult rats after a dietary FA depletion or supplementation.Methods and resultsNine month‐old rats were fed a FA‐depleted, FA‐supplemented or control diet for 8 weeks. Total proteins from adventitia‐free aortas were separated by 2DE and differentially expressed proteins were identified by MS. FA depletion or supplementation resulted in significantly changed abundance of 29 spots (p < 0.05), of which 20 proteins were identified. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that most of these proteins are involved in cytoskeleton‐related processes important to cell function/maintenance, assembly/organization, and movement.ConclusionOur proteomic study supports that expression of proteins essential to vascular structure and, presumably, function is modulated by high intake as well as deprivation of FA.