bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low prevalence but high specificity of material‐specific memory impairment in epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis
Authors: Castro Luiz H. , Silva Liliane C. A. M. , Adda Carla C. , Banaskiwitz Natalie H. C. , Xavier Alana B. , Jorge Carmen L. , Valerio Rosa M. , Nitrini Ricardo 
Published: August 2013

SummaryPurposeMaterial‐specific memory impairment is used as a lateralizing tool in the evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy. Lateralizing ability of material‐specific memory deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy remains controversial.MethodsWe studied memory impairment profiles of verbal and nonverbal memory deficits with eight memory subtests of four neuropsychological instruments (two verbal and two nonverbal) in 87 right‐handed patients with epilepsy associated with unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS; 44 right – R, 43 left – L) and 42 controls, with an IQ >70, at least 8 years of education, and without comorbidities.Key FindingsSelective verbal memory impairment was noted in 11 of 43 or 25.6% of left MTS cases, with 82.2% specificity, whereas selective nonverbal memory impairment was noted in 11 of 42 or 26.2% of right MTS cases, with 92% specificity. Nonlateralizing profiles of memory performance were seen in the remaining 65 of 87 patients. Approximately half (46/87 or 52.9%) of the patients had intact memory function in both modalities, equally distributed between patients with right MTS (23/44) and left MTS (23/43). Global impairment of both memory types was seen in 12 of 87 or 13.8% of patients, equally distributed between the two groups (7/43 left and 5/44 right).SignificanceLateralizing profiles of selective verbal and nonverbal memory deficits are highly specific for left and right MTS, although infrequently encountered in our patients. Nonlateralizing profiles predominated in this population. These findings suggest hemispheric asymmetry memory function, with complex functional interaction of the hippocampi, and possible compensatory mechanisms in the setting of a unilateral lesion.
Effects of sphingoid bases on the sphingolipidome in early keratinocyte differentiation
Authors: Sigruener Alexander , Tarabin Victoria , Paragh György , Liebisch Gerhard , Koehler Tim , Farwick Mike , Schmitz Gerd 
Published: August 2013

AbstractKeratinocyte sphingolipids are structural elements of epidermal permeability barrier and potential regulators of epidermal functions. We tested the influence of sphingoid bases sphinganine, sphingosine and phytosphingosine on in vitro keratinocyte differentiation. Lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis after treatment emphasizes sphinganine and phytosphingosine as potent modulators of keratinocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. Sphinganine treatment regulated differentiation and sphingolipid metabolism‐related genes, and also increased all major ceramide species. Sphingosine treatment increased ceramide and phytoceramide pools without changes in dihydroceramides. Phytosphingosine treatment markedly increased phytoceramide pools without raising ceramide or dihydroceramide levels. Sphinganine treatment increased specifically very long chain ceramides essential for intact barrier function. In summary, sphingoid bases, especially sphinganine, promote differentiation and ceramide production in keratinocytes. Free sphinganine may serve as a dermatological and cosmetic agent by enhancing formation and maintenance of an intact epidermal lipid barrier, with beneficial effects for skin and hair care applications.
Discipline Policies, Successful Schools, Racial Justice, and the Law
Authors: Losen Daniel J. 
Published: August 2013

Research has found that, in 2006, over 28 per cent of Black male middle school students had been suspended at least once, nearly three times the rate for White males. Other research has revealed racial disparities in discipline, including disproportionately high numbers of Black students being removed from class on discretionary discipline grounds, while Whites had higher rates of punishment for nondiscretionary offenses. Several studies have shown that being suspended significantly increased the risk of dropping out and future contact with the juvenile justice system. This article examines what we know about racial disparities in out‐of‐school suspensions in light of research on school discipline policy. The article explores the implications of this knowledge for civil rights enforcement and making improvements.Keypoints
Argument that sound educational practice can replace excessive suspensions with alternatives that address misbehavior but keeps students in school.
Unpacks common misconceptions in defense of frequent use of suspensions with research on the harm of this common practice.
Analyzes the national data that should raise serious concerns about the use of out‐of‐school suspensions.
Makes clear recommendations for federal and state policymakers, educators and civil rights enforcement.
Preventing Disciplinary Exclusions of Students from American Indian/Alaska Native Backgrounds
Authors: Sprague Jeffrey R. , Vincent Claudia G. , Tobin Tary J. , CHiXapkaid  
Published: August 2013

We present 2009–2010 data on disciplinary exclusions in schools and juvenile incarcerations from one state in the United States to demonstrate that American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) students: (a) are disproportionately overrepresented in disciplinary exclusions from the classroom, (b) lose 4.5 times as many student days as White students due to disciplinary exclusions, and (c) are removed to alternative education for relatively minor offenses. We then present an overview of the literature on culturally responsive school environments, the Native community's recommendations to improve outcomes for AI/AN students and approaches to educational systems changes that might alleviate disciplinary exclusions of AI/AN students.Keypoints
high drop‐out rates
low graduation rates
low academic achievement
disproportionate representation in exclusionary discipline
Comparison of complexes formed by a crustacean and a vertebrate trypsin with bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor – the key to achieving extreme stability?
Authors: Molnár Tamás , Vörös Judit , Szeder Bálint , Takáts Kornél , Kardos József , Katona Gergely , Gráf László 
Published: August 2013

This paper provides evidence for the extremely high resistance of a complex of crayfish trypsin (CFT) and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) against heating and chemical denaturing agents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and urea. To dissociate this complex, 15 min boiling in SDS was necessary, compared to a complex of bovine trypsin (BT) (EC 3.4.21.4) and BPTI, which dissociates in SDS without boiling. The CFT–BPTI complex remained stable even in 9 m urea, while the BT–BPTI complex started to dissociate at concentrations of approximately 4 m urea. The melting temperatures of the BT–BPTI and CFT–BPTI complexes, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry, were found to be 79.6 and 100.1 °C, respectively. The behaviour of the apo‐enzymes ‐ CFT was found to have a less stable structure compared to BT ‐ did not provide a definite indication regarding the differential effects on their stabilities. To explore the structural features responsible for this extreme stability, we crystallized CFT in complex with BPTI, and identified extended contacts compared to the BT‐BPTI complex. Comparison of the B‐factors of similar trypsin–trypsin inhibitor complexes suggests that molecular flexibility of the components is also required for the strong protein–protein interaction. Although the structural reason for the extreme stability of the CFT–BPTI complex is not yet fully understood, our study may be a starting point for the development of new protein complexes with enhanced stability.Structured digital abstract

BT and BPTI bind by comigration in sds page (View interaction)

BPTI and BT bind by comigration in gel electrophoresis (View interaction)

CFT and BPTI bind by molecular sieving (View interaction)

CFT and BPTI bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction)

BPTI and CFT bind by comigration in gel electrophoresis (View interaction)

BPTI and CFT bind by comigration in gel electrophoresis (View interaction)

CFT and BPTI bind by comigration in sds page (View interaction)

BT and BPTI bind by molecular sieving (View interaction)

BT and BPTI bind by differential scanning calorimetry (View interaction)
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting agricultural management for climate change in developing countries: providing the basis for action
Authors: Ogle Stephen M. , Olander Lydia , Wollenberg Lini , Rosenstock Todd , Tubiello Francesco , Paustian Keith , Buendia Leandro , Nihart Alison , Smith Pete 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAgriculture in developing countries has attracted increasing attention in international negotiations within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change for both adaptation to climate change and greenhouse gas mitigation. However, there is limited understanding about potential complementarity between management practices that promote adaptation and mitigation, and limited basis to account for greenhouse gas emission reductions in this sector. The good news is that the global research community could provide the support needed to address these issues through further research linking adaptation and mitigation. In addition, a small shift in strategy by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and ongoing assistance from agricultural organizations could produce a framework to move the research and development from concept to reality. In turn, significant progress is possible in the near term providing the basis for UNFCCC negotiations to move beyond discussion to action for the agricultural sector in developing countries.
Consistent response of vegetation dynamics to recent climate change in tropical mountain regions
Authors: Krishnaswamy Jagdish , John Robert , Joseph Shijo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGlobal climate change has emerged as a major driver of ecosystem change. Here, we present evidence for globally consistent responses in vegetation dynamics to recent climate change in the world's mountain ecosystems located in the pan‐tropical belt (30°N–30°S). We analyzed decadal‐scale trends and seasonal cycles of vegetation greenness using monthly time series of satellite greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and climate data for the period 1982–2006 for 47 mountain protected areas in five biodiversity hotspots. The time series of annual maximum NDVI for each of five continental regions shows mild greening trends followed by reversal to stronger browning trends around the mid‐1990s. During the same period we found increasing trends in temperature but only marginal change in precipitation. The amplitude of the annual greenness cycle increased with time, and was strongly associated with the observed increase in temperature amplitude. We applied dynamic models with time‐dependent regression parameters to study the time evolution of NDVI–climate relationships. We found that the relationship between vegetation greenness and temperature weakened over time or was negative. Such loss of positive temperature sensitivity has been documented in other regions as a response to temperature‐induced moisture stress. We also used dynamic models to extract the trends in vegetation greenness that remain after accounting for the effects of temperature and precipitation. We found residual browning and greening trends in all regions, which indicate that factors other than temperature and precipitation also influence vegetation dynamics. Browning rates became progressively weaker with increase in elevation as indicated by quantile regression models. Tropical mountain vegetation is considered sensitive to climatic changes, so these consistent vegetation responses across widespread regions indicate persistent global‐scale effects of climate warming and associated moisture stresses.
Effects of ocean warming and acidification on the energy budget of an excavating sponge
Authors: Fang James K. H. , Schönberg Christine H. L. , Mello‐Athayde Matheus A. , Hoegh‐Guldberg Ove , Dove Sophie 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRecent research efforts have demonstrated increased bioerosion rates under experimentally elevated partial pressures of seawater carbon dioxide (pCO2) with or without increased temperatures, which may lead to net erosion on coral reefs in the future. However, this conclusion clearly depends on the ability of the investigated bioeroding organisms to survive and grow in the warmer and more acidic future environments, which remains unexplored. The excavating sponge Cliona orientalis Thiele, is a widely distributed bioeroding organism and symbiotic with dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium. Using C. orientalis, an energy budget model was developed to calculate amounts of carbon directed into metabolic maintenance and growth. This model was tested under a range of CO2 emission scenarios (temperature + pCO2) appropriate to an Austral early summer. Under a pre‐industrial scenario, present day (control) scenario, or B1 future scenario (associated with reducing the rate of CO2 emissions over the next few decades), C. orientalis maintained a positive energy budget, where metabolic demand was likely satisfied by autotrophic carbon provided by Symbiodinium and heterotrophic carbon via filter‐feeding, suggesting sustainability. Under B1, C. orientalis likely benefited by a greater supply of photosynthetic products from its symbionts, which increased by up to 56% per unit area, and displayed an improved condition with up to 52% increased surplus carbon available for growth. Under an A1FI future scenario (associated with ‘business‐as‐usual’ CO2 emissions) bleached C. orientalis experienced the highest metabolic demand, but carbon acquired was insufficient to maintain the sponge, as indicated by a negative energy budget. These metabolic considerations suggest that previous observations of increased bioerosion under A1FI by C. orientalis may not last through the height of future A1FI summers, and survival of individual sponges may be dependent on the energy reserves (biomass) they have accumulated through the rest of the year.
The Growing Economic Specialization of Cities: Disentangling Industrial and Functional Dimensions in the Canadian Urban System, 1971–2006
Authors: Brunelle Cédric 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDecreasing spatial transaction and trade costs have given rise to growing economic specialization of cities. While most studies focus on industries as the primary manifestation of urban specialization, a growing body of literature examines occupational functions, i.e., activities and tasks performed within a given industry or firm. This paper explores how the two dimensions (industries and functions) interact across the urban system and their relative importance over time. Is there a trend toward increasing functional specialization in the Canadian urban system? How much of this phenomenon is attributable to spatial shifts in regional industrial structures as opposed to spatial divisions within industries? The paper uses a unique data set drawn from Statistics Canada Census microdata files between 1971 and 2006. Based on the employed population, the data are spatially organized and cross‐tabulated over industries and occupational groups. A decomposition methodology is used to compare the relative weights of industry and regional (functional) effects in accounting for the changing spatial division of functions across Canadian urban areas. Clear patterns of increasing functional specialization are found within the Canadian urban system. Regional effects are generally greater than industry effects, suggesting that spatial divisions of functions (spatial shifts within industries) are progressing more rapidly than regional shifts in industrial structure.
The Innovativeness and Heterogeneity of Foreign‐Invested High‐Tech Companies inShanghai
Authors: Liefner Ingo , Wei Yehua Dennis , Zeng Gang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractChina has taken a foreign direct investment‐based approach toward increasing its capital and knowledge base, and developing into an innovative economy. However, little quantitative evidence exists about the factors that drive innovations of foreign‐invested enterprises (FIEs) there. This paper uses survey data from high‐technology firms inShanghai to discuss factors affecting their innovativeness. It takes the concepts of absorptive capacity, export orientation, and innovation‐related cooperation as a starting point. It highlights how the interplay of strategies and resources affects innovativeness and heterogeneity ofFIEs. The most innovativeFIEs are endowed with a strong human capital base andR&Dactivities, which at the same time target export markets and whose cooperative partners involve firms other than their parent company. The results underline the necessity to differentiate between the different types ofFIEs when examining their innovativeness.
Genetic algorithm‐based partial least squares regression for estimating legume content in a grass‐legume mixture using field hyperspectral measurements
Authors: Kawamura Kensuke , Watanabe Nariyasu , Sakanoue Seiichi , Lee Hyo‐Jin , Lim Jihyun , Yoshitoshi Rena 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis study investigated the ability of a field hyperspectral radiometer (400–2350 nm) and genetic algorithm‐based partial least squares (GA‐PLS) regression to estimate legume content in a mixed sown pasture in Hokkaido, Japan. Canopy reflectance data and plant samples were obtained from 50 selected sites in the spring (May) and summer (July) of 2007 (n = 100). The predictive accuracy of GA‐PLS was compared with that of multiple linear regression (MLR) and of standard full‐spectrum PLS (FS‐PLS) for the spring and summer datasets. Overall, the highest coefficient of determination (R2) and the lowest root mean squared error of cross validation (RMSECV) values were obtained in the GA‐PLS models for both datasets (R2 = 0.72–0.86, RMSECV = 4.10–5.73%). Selected hyperspectral wavebands in the GA‐PLS models did not perfectly match wavelengths identified previously using MLR, but in most cases, they were within 20 nm of previously known wavelength regions.
Perceptions and trends related to the consumption of honey: A case study of North‐West Romania
Authors: Pocol Cristina B. , Bolboacă Sorana D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe present research investigated tendencies related to the purchasing and consumption of honey and to how it is perceived by consumers. Although Romania is a traditional honey‐producing area, paradoxically, there is not a culture of consumption for this product, honey consumption being lower than in other European countries. The research objectives were achieved by investigating a representative sample of subjects from the North‐West region of Romania. The research instrument used was a questionnaire, which included questions about honey consumption, questions related to perceptions of honey, together with socio‐demographic questions. Honey is perceived to be a delicious product, delightful to consume and is considered beneficial for health by most of the respondents. A number of factors (education, occupation and age) significantly influence the perception that the respondent had of the value of honey. The most popular types of honey were acacia honey, polyfloral honey and linden honey. Respondents preferred to buy honey from a local producer, and had more confidence in domestic honey than in imported honey. Although the frequency of consumption is quite high, the quantity consumed per capita is low (on average 3 kg/year). Local honey producers should be aware that the revival of the beekeeping sector in Romania could be promoted by stimulating domestic consumption. Educating consumers to adopt a healthy lifestyle could significantly contribute to an increase in honey consumption. The paper emphasizes the need to conduct research that provides useful information about the quantitative and quality indicators of honey consumption, in order to improve marketing strategies.
Clinical efficacy and compliance of sublingual immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides farinae drops in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Qin Yu‐E , Mao Jing‐Ran , Sang Yue‐chan , Li Wen‐Xiu 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe oral route for administration of allergen immunotherapy has been explored since the 1900s. We attempted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with Dermatophagoides farinae drops in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and investigate related factors influencing the patients' compliance.MethodsA total of 107 patients with AD were randomized to receive either D. farinae drops plus pharmacotherapy (treatment group, n = 58) or only pharmacotherapy (control group, n = 49). Patients' compliance, the total effective rate, daily drug scores, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and IgG4 level were compared respectively between two groups at different time points.ResultsTwenty‐three cases have withdrawn from the study. The total effective rate in the treatment group (77.78%) was significantly higher than the control group (53.85%) (P < 0.05). The treatment group was significantly reduced in daily drug scores and VAS scores compared with the control group at 12 months follow‐up. Meanwhile, at the end of therapy, a significant difference was found in the change in average daily drug scores (difference from 1 month) between two groups (P < 0.01); The treatment group evidently had a higher level of serum‐specific IgG4 than the control group at 6 and 12 month of treatment (P < 0.05).ConclusionDermatophagoides farinae drops are a safe and effective SLIT for patients with AD, which was proven to reduce the need for medicine. In addition, SLIT could induce a tolerogenic IgG4 response to mite allergen correlated with favorable clinical efficacy. Standardization of specific immunotherapy is essential to ensure therapeutic efficacy and compliance.
Eccrine poromatosis: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Deckelbaum Scott , Touloei Khasha , Shitabata Paul K. , Sire David J. , Horowitz David 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEccrine poroma (EP) is a benign tumor of the eccrine duct. Multiple EPs are defined as eccrine poromatosis (EPS), an uncommon phenomenon. To date there are only eight reported cases of EPS. This review exemplifies the epidemiology, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, and histology of EP, while reviewing the eight cases of EPS. Six of the eight cases of EPS had a history of immunosuppression from either radiation or chemotherapy. This paper will also emphasize the importance of excision to avoid possible malignancy. Here we present a 73‐year‐old gentleman with EPS who was also treated with radiation and chemotherapy prior to the onset of the lesions.