bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for preventing communal clashes using library and information services in South East Nigeria
Authors: Echezona RI , Nwegbu MN , Osadebe N 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundIn Nigeria every year different communities engage in one form of feud or another. This barbaric behaviour has resulted in great losses of property and human lives.PurposeThis study was carried out to develop strategies for preventing communal clashes using library and information services in South East Nigeria.MethodologyThe approach adopted was to use a survey research design. The area of the study was South Eastern Nigeria, made up of Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu and Imo. Three research questions were used to address the issue thus: (1) Causes of communal clashes. (2) Services of public libraries. (3) Ways information and library services could be used to prevent communal clashes among the people. Questionnaire and interview would be used for data collection. The librarians and the members of the community would form the population. All the librarians of public libraries would fill the questionnaire while the village or community heads only would be interviewed. Data from questionnaire would be analysed using frequency counts and percentages while data from interview would be incorporated in the discussion.FindingsIt is expected that the study will reveal ways the library and information services could be offered to help and prevent communal clashes. Based on the findings, appropriate recommendations will be made for preventing communal clashes using library and information services.ImplicationThe results and discussions imply that it is highly important for public libraries to begin to re-assess their roles in terms of how they contribute to the knowledge economy of the society.
Injury among the aboriginal population of Alberta, Canada
Authors: Don Voaklander , Andrew Harris , Jason Randall , Kathy Belton , Don Schopflocher , Larry Svenson 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThere are three distinct Aboriginal grouping in Canada: First Nations, Inuit and Métis. There has been little research on the health status of Métis people in Canada. This is particularly true of the Métis inhabitants of Alberta.AimThis study aimed to examine the health burden due to injuries that the Métis of Alberta experience and compare this to the burden experienced by the First Nations, Inuit and the non-Aboriginal population of the province.MethodsComparisons were made for the rate of injuries in physician claims, emergency department presentations and inpatient hospitalisations for the year 2009.ResultsInjury rates were significantly elevated for the Métis when compared to the non-Aboriginal population for virtually all comparisons made. However when compared to the First Nations population, the Métis experience significantly lower rates of injury. These relationships were particularly strong for intentional injury where First Nations people were eight times more likely to have been hospitalised that non-Aboriginals compared to 1.7 times for Métis.SignificanceThe vast majority of the comparisons for sub-types of injury within the various settings illustrated that the injury burden of Métis is higher than the non-Aboriginals but lower than the burden experienced by the First Nations. The injury experience in Canada's Aboriginal populations continues to be a major concern.
Communication strategy to prevent unintentional injuries ‘accidents do not exist’
Authors: Luis Nieto Gil , Julio C Giraldo Silva , Isabel Gutierrez Martinez Maria 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveImplement a communication strategy to prevent unintentional injuries in three neighbourhoods of Cali, Colombia, with a high prevalence of unintentional injuries.MethodAn interventional,cuasi-experimental studywas developed withbefore-afterdesign, qualitative study. The participants were inhabitants of three districts of Cali, with them it was diagnosed the most common causes of unintentional injury in its territory. With this information there was create the strategy in three levels (i) Media expectation campaign: A ‘bill of risk’, it was similar to a utility bill, which shows the costs of five common events of unintentional injuries in the city, (ii) Broadcasting stories about the prevention of unintentional injuries in which the players saved their life by adopting preventive behaviours at home or in public places, (iii) Interviewing expert on prevention of unintentional injuries.ResultsThere were consolidated three working groups, one per district, which still working for the prevention of unintentional injuries in their neighbourhoods. In the same way it has been established a network of media members that keep promoting preventive habits for the reduction of injuries in the city. After the implementation of the strategy it was proved its effectiveness, through focus groups and discussion groups with the inhabitants of the areas intervened who showed greater awareness about the potential risks that can run on their homes or in public places. The idea of ‘Accidents does not exist’ was disseminated in the city as an exercise in prevention and self-care.ConclusionsThis communication strategy has helped to promote behavioural habits and practices, through the techniques of imitation and social modelling, increasing the ability of inhabitants to prevent injuries. This way of working allowed access to areas of the city affected by violence related to crime and drug micro trafficking.
Management of victimised patients in primary care settings: a comprehensive Greek educational initiative
Authors: Petridou E , Papadakaki M , Prokopiadou D , Kogevinas M , Lionis C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundPrimary care providers have been criticised for inadequate routine assessment of patients' exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV).AimsTo report on the content/ methods used and experiences learned regarding three key objectives in identifying and managing victimised patients at primary care settings, as part of a Thesis.MethodsA qualitative study employing three focus groups with 18 General Practitioners drawn from respective Networks in Greece was designed to explore physicians' views, perceptions and current practices. Tools for the assessment of physicians' training needs were validated and implemented focusing on Physicians' Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence (PREMIS) employing a sample of 80 physicians. Lastly, acceptability and effectiveness of an educational outreach aiming at increasing physicians' perceived and actual knowledge, perceived readiness and number of detected cases was assessed using a pre/post-evaluation study design of a two-day training programme offered to 26 licensed General Practitioners/General Practice residents employing also a control group.ResultsIssues of discomfort in discussing IPV, lack of confidence in diagnoses and mistrust in referral structures were indicated as barriers of effective case management. The Greek version of the PREMIS survey demonstrated good psychometric properties. The educational programme met high acceptability and proved to be effective in introducing changes in the physicians' perceived readiness as well as their perceived and actual knowledge.SignificanceInternational experience/tools were tailored for Greek primary care services, demonstrating the great potential of comprehensive efforts to address IPV at the very early stage of contact of victimised patients with health care system.
CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AND POST EARTHQUAKE RECONSTRUCTION IN CHRISTCHURCH NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Ramsay S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundChristchurch is experiencing an ongoing series of earthquakes, with over 10,000 occurring since 4 September 2010. The most damaging of these happened on 22 February 2011, when 185 people lost their lives and hundreds more were injured. Half the buildings in the central city and over 6,000 homes were irreparably damaged.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe post-disaster environment presents the opportunity to examine how Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) can contribute to creating a safer, more liveable city. My work involves advocating for CPTED to be included in planning processes, leading CPTED reviews and assessments, training and mentoring a group of practitioners to meet expanding needs, and promoting the benefits of CPTED to stakeholder groups.MethodsThe challenges of practising CPTED in a post-disaster environment and the learnings gained will be discussed, as well as the diverse environments where CPTED is practised.Results/OutcomesSignificant progress has been made towards having CPTED included in the city's planning processes and in expanding the understanding of the benefits of CPTED in stakeholder groups. While this is work in progress, and is part of a much larger and broader effort, we are optimistic about the potential improvements to safety.Significance/Contribution to the fieldCPTED is being applied in the rebuild for Christchurch. Few communities have the opportunity to redesign large parts of their city and fewer have attempted to incorporate CPTED into this process.
The 25th of January Egyptian revolution's effect on the prevalence of TBI in Egypt. A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Montaser T , Al-Kafafy A 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundTraumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a contributing factor to approximately one third (30.5%) of all injury-related deaths in USA annually. Updated statistical records for TBI in Egypt are lacking.PurposeThe current research is aiming for estimating the prevalence of TBI in Egypt under different circumstances.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted to compare the prevalence of TBI during the revolution time in 2011(January 2011 until mid- February 2011) and the prevalence of TBI during the same time in 2010.ResultsThe table below shows that overall incidence of TBI in January 2010 and 2011 was 487 and 471 cases respectively, of them 9.2% were moderate and severe TBI in the year 2010 and 27.8% in the year 2011. Regarding moderate and severe TBI, male sex was predominantly affected in both years 2010 and 2011, 75% and 88% respectively.January–mid-February 2010January–mid-February 2011FFH/MVCOther causesGun shot/assaultFFH/MVCOther causesTBI(all cases)4078011732430Moderate and severe TBI38788354SignificanceTBI is a serious public health problem in Egypt under peace or violent conditions. While prevalence remains the same, severity and leading causes are varying. Further data interpretation over wider periods of time should be conducted for better understanding of TBI prevalence is highly recommended to develop effective injury prevention programmes in Egypt. Inefficient recording should raise the concern to establish an optimal system for data recording during disasters.
Disaster management: optimisation modelling to inform emergency food storage for organisations and citizens in New Zealand
Authors: Nhung Nghiem , Mary-Ann Carter , Wilson Nick 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundNew Zealand (NZ), is a country subject to a wide range of natural disasters, some of which (eg, floods and storms) may increase in frequency and severity with the effects of climate change.AimWe aimed to use scenario development and linear programming to identify the lowest-cost foods for emergency storage.MethodsWe used NZ food price data (eg, from the Food Price Index) and nutritional data from a NZ food composition database. Different scenarios were modelled in Excel and R along with uncertainty analysis.ResultsA collection of low-cost emergency storage foods that meet daily energy requirements for men were identified for example, at a median purchase cost of $NZ 2.21 per day (equivalent to $US 1.45) (95% simulation interval=$NZ 2.04 to 2.38). In comparison, the cost of such a collection of foods which did not require cooking, was $NZ 3.67 per day. While meeting all nutritional recommendations (and not just energy) is far from essential in a disaster setting, if such nutritionally optimised foods are purchased for storage, then the cost would be higher ($NZ 7.10 per day). Where zero spoilage was assumed (eg, storage by a government agency), the cost of purchasing food for storage was as low as $NZ 1.93 per day.SignificanceIt appears to cost very little to purchase basic emergency foods for storage in the current New Zealand setting. The lists of the foods identified could be considered by organisations who participate in disaster relief (civil defence) but also by citizens.
The circumstances favouring the worker accidents in the buildings and public works industry in Kenitra city and in its area (Morocco)
Authors: Raougui D , Ahami A , Aboussaleh Y , Fadli M , Sbayi A 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe construction sector is very active for the Moroccan economy. However working accidents are parts of this sector problems.AimsThis paper provides an analysis of circumstances that characterise the work of all victims.MethodsData was collected from labour accident regional registry. All the 306 people that were reported in 2008 and 2009 as having suffered an accident at work in the construction sector and whose record of accident was tabled at the Delegation of Employment Kenitra north west of Morocco.ResultsThe results showed that the masses in motion and the machines, that is, tools that require alertness of the worker have caused many accidents at work in the studied area. Similarly, the majority of accidents have occurred in the afternoon which is day moment when the fatigue is most felt by the worker. Accidents are also; more common during periods when the ambient heat is relatively high (summer or autumn). These high heats appear to act by creating a state of psychological stress, which can reduce the degree of alertness of the worker.SignificanceInjury prevention need to be included in building in Morocco. If possible rescheduling working hours during heat season to avoid work accidents.
Musculoskeletal disorders in New Zealand nurses: incidence, persistence/recurrence and impact on work and functional tasks
Authors: Harcombe H , McBride D , Herbison P , Derrett S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundFew prospective studies have investigated musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) at a range of anatomical sites in nurses.AimsTo determine the cumulative incidence and persistence or recurrence of MSDs of the low back, neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist/hand and knee in a cohort of New Zealand nurses and to determine the prevalence of MSDs affecting work and functional tasks.MethodsNurses (n=280) were randomly selected from the Nursing Council database and invited to participate in a postal survey at baseline and 12 months later. MSDs were identified based on self-reported pain at the anatomical site. MSDs affecting work involved either time off work or modified duties. Functional tasks were assessed at site-specific level.ResultsThe 12 month cumulative incidence of MSDs was highest for low back (35%), followed by neck (31%), shoulder (25%), wrist/hand (18%), knee (17%) and elbow (11%) pain. Depending on the anatomical site, 45–76% of MSDs were persistent or recurrent. The 1-month prevalence of MSDs affecting functional tasks was 14–20% for shoulder, wrist/hand, knee and low back pain. The 12-month prevalence of MSDs affecting work was highest for low back pain (20%) followed by shoulder pain (10%).SignificanceTo reduce MSDs among nurses attention appears warranted at a wider range of sites than the low back alone.
Determinants of speeding among bus drivers in Malaysia
Authors: Kulanthayan S , Ang BJ , Hayati K 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundIn Malaysia traffic crashes are a huge problem with 414 421 road crashes and 6872 deaths in year 2010 (PDRM, 2011). In Malaysia, the main cause that leads to road crashes was speeding and aggressive driving, which contributes 54.1%.ObjectiveThe main objective of this study is to determine the factors that influence speeding among bus drivers in Malaysia.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted from December 2006 till January 2007. There were a total of 144 buses being observed. This research was conducted at the Rest and Recreational areas of a major expressway. A Radar Gun was used to get the speed-reading of the moving buses on the roadside. Meanwhile, the questionnaire survey was conducted on the bus drivers been tracked by the vehicle registration earlier using the Radar Gun.ResultsMore than half (54.2%) of the buses observed were speeding. In this study, there are nine variables being tested through Logistic regression test and five variables were found significant. The five contributing variables of speeding are type of day (weekend and weekday), time of day, posted speed limits (90 km/h and 110 km/h), driver age and working experience among bus drivers (p<0.05).SignificanceBuses are at risk on road as they are speeding. Traffic enforcement activities need to be beefed up. Employer's strong involvement is needed to address this major traffic problem, which could endanger the driver, passengers and other road users sharing the road.
Rural health providers—improving farmer health and safety
Authors: David Perkins , Frances Boreland , Tony Lower , Lyn Fragar 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDeath rates for Australian farmers from specific causes are higher than their urban counterparts. Despite this, primary health care providers face many issues in engaging and assisting farmers to improve their health. The Farm Health and Safety Toolkit for Rural General Practices (the Toolkit) was developed to provide rural clinicians with a practical resource based on the best available evidence to help them recognise and respond to the health risks faced by farmers and farm workers. This study aimed to evaluate the Toolkit to determine its relevance and utility, identify any information gaps and determine the best way of distributing it to rural health professionals.MethodRural health professionals participated in workshops and completed surveys in relation to the materials involving pre- and post-workshop feedback.ResultsRespondents indicated the Toolkit is relevant, easy to use and fills an important gap in educational material available for rural health professionals. It needs to be made available in a number of formats, and in particular as electronic documents which can be linked into practice management software.SignificanceFurther dissemination of the Toolkit and inclusion into existing electronic software packages will assist rural practitioners in assisting farmers to improve their health.
Principal
Authors: Collins AB , Alcock D 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundConstruction is considered one of the more hazardous and high risk industries. In recognition of this, jurisdictions around the globe have devised and organised many ways to reduce and offset the costs of workplace injury.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo share the Canadian Federation of Construction Safety Association's—CFCSA—secrets of safety success with the global construction community at a world forum.MethodsThanks to effective industry lobbying and partnership with government, aCertificate of Recognition—COR—is required in all tendering for construction projects with government and many other major purchasers of construction services across Nova Scotia, like school boards, hospitals, housing and health authorities. As we prepare for 2012, more than 55% of the current industry participates in the COR programme.Results/OutcomeDespite increases in the size of our industry, year-over-year, injuries in construction have decreased significantly. This is partially due to participation inthe COR programme. Since the inception of the NSCSA there has been a 78.7% reduction in the number of Lost-Time Workers Compensation Claims in the construction industry. In 2011, the Nova Scotia construction industry recorded only 652 Lost-Time Claims; an historic low not reached since 1961.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe NSCSA case study offers an innovative alternative service delivery option for safety programming and industry self-regulation.
Reducing risk of entry into confined space manure storages
Authors: Murphy D , Manbeck H , Tillapaugh J , Steel S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDeath from asphyxiation and poisoning when entering confined-space manure tanks is a serious hazard in animal agriculture. Often, multiple fatalities occur when farmers try to rescue friends or relatives overcome by the noxious gas atmosphere.PurposeTo reduce human risk of entry into confined space manure storages.MethodsThis research work spanned nearly 8 years to develop computational fluid dynamics protocols to simulate removal of noxious contaminant gases, by forced ventilation, from solid and slotted floor covered confined space, on-farm manure storage tanks. These simulation protocols were then used to determine ventilation requirements (air exchange rates, fan and air outlet locations, and operation times) to reduce concentrations of contaminant gases to levels below gas specific TLVs for human entry.Results and OutcomesThis work has been published in a series of five journal articles. Subsequently, an international engineering safety standard,Ventilating Manure Storages to Reduce Entry Risk, was written and approved by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). An educational programme was developed to inform extension educators, engineers, regulators, and farmers about the standard and how to use its provisions.SignificanceFor the first time ever, engineers, builders, regulators and producers have a consensus standard for constructing, installing and entering confined space manure storages with a minimum level of risk.
Work-related Musculoskeletal disorders among school teachers in China, prevalence and occupational factors
Authors: Li Liping , Yue Pengying , Liu Fengying 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundSchool teachers represent an occupational group among which there appears to be a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Epidemiological data on WMSDs in Chinese teachers are limited.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of and associated factors for WMSDs among school teachers.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study of teachers from seven schools, the prevalence of WMSDs during the 12-month period was assessed according to the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire.ResultsThe response rate was 85.0% (893/1050). 59.5% reported at least one WMSDs. The 1 year prevalence of WMSDs of the neck, shoulder, low back, wrist/hand, elbow, and knee amongst teachers were 42.0, 35.9, 45.6, 20.9, 12.3 and 22.6%, respectively. The prevalence of WMSDs in the senior middle school teachers was significantly higher than that in the primary school and junior middle school teachers. Uncomfortable back support was associated with low back (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.32), neck/shoulder (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.55), elbow (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.28 to 3.66) and knee pain (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.03). Prolonged static posture had the strongest association with neck/shoulder (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.56 to 3.24), wrist/hand (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.46 to 3.71) and knee pain (OR 2.14 95% CI 1.360 to 3.37). Prolonged sitting was also associated with WMSDs at most sites. Posture characterised by twisting was associated with low back pain alone.SignificanceWMSDs are common among teachers. There were strong associations with occupational factors.