bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knockdown of both FoxO1 and C/EBPβ promotes adipogenesis in porcine preadipocytes through feedback regulation
Authors: Yan Xiong , Weijun Pang , Ning Wei , Yu Wang , Wenkai Ren , Gongshe Yang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFoxO1 and C/EBPβ are important transcription factors during adipogenic differentiation; however, the potential mechanisms of their inter‐regulation in adipogenesis remain unknown. We found that FoxO1 and C/EBPβ are abundant in adipose tissues of 3‐ and 180‐day pigs at the mRNA and protein levels. During porcine preadipocyte differentiation, C/EBPβ expression increases to the peak at Day 2 and then decreases. In contrast, FoxO1 is lowest on Day 2 and gradually increases. Knockdown of FoxO1 or C/EBPβ with lentivirus‐mediated shRNA enhances or inhibits lipid accumulation and adipogenic maker (C/EBPα and aP2) expression, respectively. FoxO1 depletion causes a mild decrease of C/EBPβ protein level, and C/EBPβ interference also inhibits the expression of FoxO1 protein. Knockdown of both FoxO1 and C/EBPβ promotes lipid accumulation at Day 8, and increases the adipogenic markers during differentiation in comparison with the controls and the FoxO1 knockdown alone. Co‐immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that FoxO1 binds to C/EBPβ in adipose tissues and in vitro. In conclusion, the results suggest that FoxO1 and C/EBPβ regulate preadipocyte adipogenesis possibly through C/EBPβ → FoxO1 → C/EBPβ feedback regulatory loop and FoxO1‐C/EBPβ protein complex.
A plethora of human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Gao Liyang , Thilakavathy Karuppiah , Nordin Norshariza 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAt the early stages of mammalian development, a number of developmentally plastic cells appear that possess the ability to give rise to all of the differentiated cell types normally derived from the three primary germ layers – unique character known as pluripotency. To date, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been shown to be truly pluripotent. However, recent studies have revealed a variety of other cells that demonstrate pluripotentiality, including very small embryonic‐like stem cells (VSELs), amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs), marrow‐isolated adult multilineage inducible cells (MIAMI) and multipotent adult precursor cells (MAPCs). This review summarises key features of these six kinds of pluripotent and potentially pluripotent stem cells (ESCs, iPSCs, VSELs, AFSCs, MIAMI and MAPCs) and the evidence for their pluripotency properties.
Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein induces hematopoietic stem cell senescence
Authors: Zhang Xian‐Ping , Zhang Gui‐Hai , Wang Yu‐Ying , Liu Jun , Wei Qiang , Xu Chun‐Yan , Wang Jian‐Wei , Wang Ya‐Ping 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe have investigated oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) induced senescence in hematopoietic stem cells (HCs). Mouse Sca‐1+ HCs were separated and purified using the magnetic activated cell sorting technique. Ox‐LDL induced significant senescence in HCs measured by SA‐β‐Gal staining, and reduced CFU‐Mix colony‐forming capacity, arresting cells at G0/G1 phase. In agreement with the cell cycle arrest, ox‐LDL markedly reduced the expression of CDK4, cyclin D, and cyclin E. As possible contributing factors for cell senescence, ox‐LDL also induced cellular oxidative stress and reduced telomerase activity.
Enhanced expression of MYF5 and MYOD1 in fibroblast cells via the forced expression of bos taurus MYF5
Authors: Nie Yong Wei , Ding Xiang Bin , Ge Xiu Guo , Fan Han Lu , Liu Zhong Wei , Guo Hong 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe formation of vertebrate skeletal muscles widely thought to be under the control of hierarchy of regulatory genes. MYF5 is one of the myogenic determination gene expressed in the developing mouse dermomyotome which control skeletal muscle differentiation. In the current work, we had obtained the cDNA sequence including the full coding region of the bos taurus myogenic factor MYF5 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, we examined whether fibroblast cell derived from mouse and bos taurus can be transduced using plasmid vectors carrying bos taurus MYF5. Bos taurus MYF5 activates MYF5 and MYOD1 expression after 1 day culture. The concerted upregulation of the myogenic regulatory factors enhanced myosin (skeletal fast) expression. These observation show that MYF5 is essential for myogenic differentiation and provides candidates for regulation bos taurus skeletal muscle development.
A novel function for CUGBP2 in controlling the pro‐inflammatory stimulus in H9c2 cells: subcellular trafficking of messenger molecules
Authors: Moraes Karen C. M. , Monteiro Cíntia Júnia , Pacheco‐Soares Cristina 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAccumulating evidence demonstrates that chronic inflammation plays an important role in heart hypertrophy and cardiac diseases. However, the fine‐tuning of cellular and molecular mechanisms that connect inflammatory process and cardiac diseases is still under investigation. Many reports have demonstrated that the overexpression of the cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), a key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and other prostanoids, is correlated with inflammatory processes. Increased level of prostaglandin E2 was also found in animal model of left ventricle of hypertrophy. Based on previous observations that demonstrated a regulatory loop between COX‐2 and the RNA‐binding protein CUGBP2, we studied cellular and molecular mechanisms of a pro‐inflammatory stimulus in a cardiac cell to verify if the above two molecules could be correlated with the inflammatory process in the heart. A cellular model of investigation was established and H9c2 was used. We also demonstrated a regulatory connection between COX‐2 and CUGBP2 in the cardiac cells. Based on a set of different assays including gene silencing and fluorescence microscopy, we describe a novel function for the RNA‐binding protein CUGBP2 in controlling the pro‐inflammatory stimulus: subcellular trafficking of messenger molecules to specific cytoplasmic stress granules to maintain homeostasis.
Multidimensional control of cell structural robustness
Authors: Grinev Vasily V. , Ramanouskaya Tatsiana V. , Gloushen Sergey V. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAmple adaptive and functional opportunities of a living cell are determined by the complexity of its structural organisation. However, such complexity gives rise to a problem of maintenance of the coherence of inner processes in macroscopic interims and in macroscopic volumes which is necessary to support the structural robustness of a cell. The solution to this problem lies in multidimensional control of the adaptive and functional changes of a cell as well as its self‐renewing processes in the context of environmental conditions. Six mechanisms (principles) form the basis of this multidimensional control: regulatory circuits with feedback loops, redundant inner diversity within a cell, multilevel distributed network organisation of a cell, molecular selection within a cell, continuous informational flows and functioning with a reserve of power. In the review we provide detailed analysis of these mechanisms, discuss their specific functions and the role of the superposition of these mechanisms in the maintenance of cell structural robustness in a wide range of environmental conditions.
Methods for rearing Mesostoma ehrenbergii in the laboratory for cell biology experiments, including identification of factors that influence production of different egg types
Authors: Hoang Carina , Ferraro‐Gideon Jessica , Gauthier Kimberley , Forer Arthur 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMesostoma ehrenbergii spermatocytes are uniquely useful to study various aspects of cell division. Their chromosomes are large in size and few in number, with only three bivalent and four univalent chromosomes. During prometaphase, bipolar bivalents oscillate regularly to and from the poles for 1–2 hours. The univalents remain at the poles but occasionally move from one pole to the other. In addition, a precocious cleavage furrow forms during prometaphase and remains partially constricted until anaphase. Attempts to rear these animals indefinitely in laboratory conditions, however, have been mostly unsuccessful because of their reproductive strategy. M. ehrenbergii are hermaphroditic flatworms that can produce viviparous offspring (termed S eggs) and/or diapausing eggs (termed D eggs) and they follow either one of two reproductive patterns: (1) they first form S eggs and following the delivery of these eggs produce D eggs, or (2) they only produce D eggs. When only D eggs are formed, which is common under laboratory conditions, the stocks die out until the D eggs hatch, which is irregular and creates unpredictable wait times. Consequently, in order to maintain M. ehrenbergii stocks to study their spermatocytes, we examined various factors that might influence egg‐type production. Feeding them daily and keeping them at 25°C favours S egg production. Currently, our cultures have reached the 53rd generation. We herein describe our rearing and dissection methods, and some experiments which led to our present rearing methods.
Overexpression of CD147 in ovarian cancer is initiated by the hypoxic microenvironment
Authors: Yang Hong , Zou Wei , Chen Biliang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOvarian cancer is a lethal malignant tumour characterised by activated invasion, distant metastasis, anti‐cancer drug resistance, angiogenesis and metabolism. CD147, an extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, is overexpressed in most ovarian tumours and plays an important role in the progression of ovarian cancer and other malignant tumours. However, the factor(s) initiating this overexpression is unknown. Because of rapid reproduction and their hypoxic microenvironment, malignant tumours use glycolysis for energy, and lactic acid produced is harmful to the cells. For survival, excessive lactate needs to be transported by monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). Functioning of MCT1 and MCT4 require the ancillary of CD147. The gene for CD147 possesses two hypoxia‐inducible factors binding sites in its 3′‐flank. It is logical to postulate that the hypoxic microenvironment is a major initiator of the overexpression of CD147, thus conferring on ovarian cancers their malignant properties. A model that can represent spontaneous ovarian cancer is necessary to verify this hypothesis.
Nuclear structures in Tribolium castaneum oocytes
Authors: Bogolyubov Dmitry S. , Batalova Florina M. , Kiselyov Artyom M. , Stepanova Irina S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe first ultrastructural and immunomorphological characteristics of the karyosphere (karyosome) and extrachromosomal nuclear bodies in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, are presented. The karyosphere forms early in the diplotene stage of meiotic prophase by the gathering of all oocyte chromosomes in a limited nuclear volume. Using the BrUTP assay, T. castaneum oocyte chromosomes united in the karyosphere maintain their transcriptional activity until the end of oocyte growth. Hyperphosphorylated RNA polymerase II and basal transcription factors (TFIID and TFIIH) were detected in the perichromatin region of the karyosphere. The T. castaneum karyosphere has an extrachromosomal capsule that separates chromosomes from the rest of the nucleoplasm. Certain structural proteins (F‐actin, lamin B) were found in the capsule. Unexpectedly, the karyosphere capsule in T. castaneum oocytes was found to be enriched in TMG‐capped snRNAs, which suggests that the capsule is not only a structural support for the karyosphere, but may be involved in biogenesis of snRNPs. We also identified the counterparts of ‘universal’ extrachromosomal nuclear domains, Cajal bodies (CBs) and interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs). Nuclear bodies containing IGC marker protein SC35 display some features unusual for typical IGCs. SC35 domains in T. castaneum oocytes are predominantly fibrillar complex bodies that do not contain trimethyl guanosine (TMG)‐capped small nuclear (sn) RNAs. Microinjections of 2′‐O‐methyl (U)22 probes into the oocytes allowed revealing poly(A)+ RNAs in these nuclear domains. Several proteins related to mRNA export (heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein core protein A1, export adapters Y14 and Aly and export receptor NXF1) were also detected there. We believe that unusual SC35 nuclear domains of T. castaneum oocytes are possibly involved in mRNP but not snRNP biogenesis.
C3G overexpression promotes the survival of rat‐derived H9C2 cardiomyocytes by p‐ERK1/2
Authors: Zhang Xu , Li Gang , Zhang Lei , Yang Dongyan , Zhang Zhisheng , Yan An , Linghu Hua 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIntegrin β1 subunit and its downstream molecules, such as integrin‐linked kinase and focal adhesion kinase, are imperative for promotion of cell proliferation, survival and anti‐apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by activation of their downstream pro‐survival signalling molecules, such as the phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase1/2 (p‐ERK1/2). As a component of the integrin pathway, C3G (Crk‐SH3 domain guanine nucleotide exchange factor) protein may be involved in the promotion of cell proliferation and survival and anti‐apoptosis in the H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Rat‐derived H9C2 cardiomyocytes were transfected with pCXN2‐flag‐hC3G, a human C3G overexpression eukaryotic recombinant plasmid. Apoptosis, cell proliferation and survival were analysed in the H9C2 cardiomyocytes either treated with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Human C3G mRNA overexpression significantly elevated C3G protein expression in H9C2 cardiomyocytes whether treated with H/R or not. C3G overexpression promoted proliferation and survival and anti‐apoptosis, and attenuated the proliferative and survival inhibition, and apoptosis induced by H/R by activation of its downstream pro‐survival signalling molecule, p‐ERK1/2. The results suggest that C3G acts as a pro‐survival molecule in H9C2 cardiomyocytes by activation of p‐ERK1/2.
Bortezomib induces apoptosis of endometrial cancer cells through microRNA‐17‐5p by targeting p21
Authors: Shen Yuan , Lu Lin , Xu Jianping , Meng Wei , Qing Yanwei , Liu Yuan , Zhang Bei , Hu Haiyan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBortezomib suppresses ubiquitin (Ub)‐dependent protein degradation and preferentially kills various tumour cells in vitro and in animal models. However, its mechanism of action is not fully understood. We report that bortezomib inhibits the proliferation and proteasomal activity of human endometrial cancer cells and induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis by modulating the miRNA level. By miRNA microarray, iR‐17‐5p was the most downregulated of all those in HTB‐111 and Ishikawa cells after bortezomib treatment. This observation was confirmed by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Target prediction using TargetScan software identified p21 as a potential target for miR‐17‐5p, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter, qRT‐PCR and Western blot assays. The transfection of miR‐17‐5p mimics or siRNA‐p21 reversed the effect of bortezomib on HTB‐111 and Ishikawa cells, indicating that miR‐17‐5p may mediate the function of bortezomib by targeting p21 in endometrial cancer cells. These findings show novel mechanisms by which bortezomib inhibits proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of human endometrial cancer cells.
Effect of laminated hydroxyapatite/gelatin nanocomposite scaffold structure on osteogenesis using unrestricted somatic stem cells in rat
Authors: Tavakol Shima , Azami Mahmoud , Khoshzaban Ahad , Ragerdi Kashani Iraj , Tavakol Behnaz , Hoveizi Elham , Rezayat Sorkhabadi Seyed Mahdi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBone matrix consists of two major phases at the nanoscale: organic and hydroxyapatite. Nanotechnology as a diverse and interdisciplinary area of research has the capacity to revolutionise many areas of applications such as bone tissue engineering. Nanohydroxyapatite/gelatin composite has higher osteoblast attachment and proliferation than micro‐sized ones, and shorter culturing period and lower cell seeding density compared to pure gelatin. A nanostructured scaffold was fabricated by three methods for bone repair using nanohydroxyapatite and gelatin as the main components. Its biocompatibility, alizarin red test on the 14th and 21st days, gene expression on the 21st day in in vitro using and histomorphometry after 4 and 8 weeks post‐implantation in the rat were investigated. Cultured unrestricted somatic stem cells used for in vitro study showed an excellent level of cell attachment to the scaffold. Cells induced more osteoblast differentiation on the scaffold than in 2D cell culture. Osteoblast differentiation and bone regeneration results of in vitro and in vivo investigation on scaffold were extremely significant, better than control and treatment groups. These effects could be attributed to the shape and size of nanoHA particles and good architecture of the scaffold. The results confirm the feasibility of bone regeneration using synthesised scaffold as a temporary bone substitute.
In vitro effects of IL‐17 on angiogenic properties of endothelial cells in relation to oxygen levels
Authors: Krstić Jelena , Jauković Aleksandra , Mojsilović Slavko , Đorđević Ivana Okić , Trivanović Drenka , Ilić Vesna , Santibañez Juan F. , Bugarski Diana 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study has been to elucidate how different oxygen levels impact the effects of Interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) on angiogenic properties of endothelial cells. Two endothelial cell lines, mouse MS‐1 and human EA.hy 926, were grown in 20% and 3% O2 and their angiogenic abilities analyzed after IL‐17 treatment: proliferation, apoptosis, migration and tubulogenesis. Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (Cox‐2) was also measured. Considering EA.hy 926 cell line, hypoxia alone reduced proliferation, survival and migration, but not their ability to form tubules. When cultured at 20% O2, IL‐17 stimulated proliferation, migration and tubulogenesis, whereas a hypoxic environment did not affect their migration and proliferation, but increased their survival and tubulogenic properties. Expression of eNOS and Cox‐2 increased by both IL‐17 and hypoxia, as well as with their combination. With the MS‐1 cell line hypoxia did not affect proliferation, survival, migration and tubule formation. At 20% O2, IL‐17 did not alter their proliferation,but inhibited migration and stimulated tubule formation. At 3% O2, only the stimulating effect of IL‐17 on tubulogenesis was evident. The constitutive expression of eNOS was unaffected by oxygen concentrations or IL‐17 supplementation, whereas both IL‐17 and hypoxia upregulated Cox‐2 expression. Thus the effects of IL‐17 on the angiogenic properties of endothelial cells depend on both the cell line used and the oxygen concentration.
Estrogen‐related receptor alpha interacts cooperatively with peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator‐1alpha to regulate osteocalcin gene expression
Authors: Wang Haibin , Wang Junjian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOsteocalcin is one of the most abundant non‐collagenous proteins in bone that is commonly used as a preliminary biomarker in bone formation. Osteocalcin also regulates energy metabolism as a hormone. Estrogen‐related receptor alpha (ERRα) is primarily thought to regulate energy homeostasis through interacting with peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α). Intriguingly, ERRα may play a functional role in bone formation. We have found there are 3 ERRα response elements (ERR response element, ERRE) in the osteocalcin promoter, and ERRα interacted cooperatively with PGC‐1α could improve the osteocalcin promoter activity, whereas ERRα specific antagonist, XCT‐790, inhibits this enhancement. XCT‐790 inhibits osteocalcin and ERRα target gene PDKs expression in osteoblast cells. Thus ERRs might have physiological roles in bone formation and energy metabolism through modulating osteocalcin gene expression.
Osteopontin mediating cyclosporine A induced epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition on rat renal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Xu Dongliang , Chen Xia , Deng Zhonglei , Tan Ruoyun , Liu Chao , Lu Pei , Zhang Wei , Gu Min 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOsteopontin (OPN) is highly correlated with cyclosporine A (CsA) nephrotoxicity. As epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells plays an important role in CsA nephropathy, we investigated whether OPN mediated EMT of renal tubular epithelial cells upon CsA stimulation. OPN knockdown suppresses CsA induced EMT on NRK52E cells, and it also attenuates downregulation of E‐cadherin and upregulation of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and fibronectin (FN) that are induced by CsA. OPN alone can induce EMT on NRK52E cells, which also results in upregulation of TGF‐β1. Thus, OPN is a causative factor in mediating CsA induced EMT on NRK52E cells.
Enhanced chondrogenesis through specific growth factors in a buffalo embryonic stem cell model
Authors: Sritanaudomchai Hathaitip , Kitiyanant Yindee , Tong‐ngam Pirut , Thonabulsombat Chareonsri , White Kenneth L. , Kusamran Thanit 
Published: August 2013

AbstractChondrogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) via embryoid bodies (EBs) is an established model to investigate chondrogenesis signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms in vitro. Our aim has been to improve upon the number of differentiated cells needed for the in vitro development of functional cartilage. Chondrogenic differentiation of buffalo ESCs was modulated by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2), fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF‐10), transforming growth factor‐beta1 (TGF‐β1) individually and their combination. ESCs differentiation into chondrocytes was characterized by the appearance of Alcian blue‐stained nodules and the expression of cartilage‐associated genes (RT‐PCR) and protein (immunocytochemistry). BMP‐2 or FGF‐10 treatment enhanced chondrogenic differentiation, whereas TGF‐β1 treatment inhibited buffalo ESC‐derived chondrogenesis. The combination of BMP‐2 and FGF‐10 was the most effective treatment. This treatment resulted in a higher number of Alcian blue‐positive nodules by 15.2‐fold, expression of the mesenchymal cell marker scleraxis gene by 3.25‐fold, and the cartilage matrix protein collagen II gene and protein 1.9‐ and 7‐fold, respectively, compared to the untreated control group. Chondrogenesis was also recapitulated from mesenchymal and chondrogenic progenitor cells, resulting in the establishment of mature chondrocytes. Thus, buffalo ESCs can be successfully triggered in vitro to differentiate into chondrocyte‐like cells by specific growth factors, which may provide a novel in vitro model for further investigation of the regulatory mechanism(s) involved.
Positioning of integrin β1, caveolin‐1 and focal adhesion kinase on the adhered membrane of spreading cells
Authors: Zemljič Jokhadar Špela , Majhenc Janja , Svetina Saša , Batista Urška 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe have investigated the relationship between the spreading of anchorage‐dependent cells and the surface‐density distribution of plasma membrane adhesion proteins. The surface positioning and density of integrin β1, caveolin‐1 (cav‐1), the phosphorylated caveolin‐1 (p‐cav‐1) and the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) located on the adhering cell membrane (ACM) of HUVEC cells was studied. Imaging with TIRF microscopy was used, which enabled us to observe a few‐nanometers‐thin section of the cell above the plasma membrane in combination with image‐based analyses. Integrin β1 and cav‐1 have spatial interdependence on the ACM. Cells treated with substances that act on cell spreading caused changes in the size of the ACM area, as well as a redistribution of several proteins under investigation. Changes to the ACM area correlated positively with those to the surface density of the cav‐1. The high integrin β1 and the low cav‐1 surface density, and vice versa, following the treatments show that the presence of one of them not only spatially excludes, but also reduces, the occurrence of the other protein on the ACM, which indicates a regulative mechanism between integrin β1 and cav‐1.