bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin reduces oxidative stress and restores mitochondrial function in the liver of rats exposed to chemotherapeutics
Authors: Madhu P. , Reddy K. Pratap , Reddy P. Sreenivasula 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThis study was undertaken to investigate whether administration of melatonin protects PVB‐Induced oxidative and metabolic toxicity in the liver of Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with either melatonin or PVB (cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin) alone or combination for a period of 9 weeks. A significant increase in lipid peroxidation levels and decrease in catalase and superoxide dismutase activity levels were observed in the liver mitochondria of rats treated with PVB indicating increased oxidative stress. PVB treatment significantly decreased the succinate dehydrogenase activity with a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransaminase, alanine aminotransaminase, and glutamate dehydrogenase activities indicating deranged hepatic metabolism. Melatonin administration, on the other hand was found to significantly improve PVB‐Induced biochemical changes, bringing them closer to the controls. The results from the study provide evidence that treatment with PVB affects hepatic metabolism in rats by inducing oxidative stress followed by decreasing mitochondrial oxidation and also point towards the clinical potential of melatonin as an adjuvant therapy to conventional chemotherapeutic regimens. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 301–308, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Observation‐status patients in children's hospitals with and without dedicated observation units in 2011
Authors: Macy Michelle L. , Hall Matthew , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Fieldston Evan S. , Shanley Leticia A. , Hronek Carla , Hain Paul D. , Shah Samir S. 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDPediatric observation units (OUs) have demonstrated reductions in lengths of stay (LOS) and costs of care. Hospital‐level outcomes across all observation‐status stays have not been evaluated in relation to the presence of a dedicated OU in the hospital.OBJECTIVETo compare observation‐status stay outcomes in hospitals with and without a dedicated OU.DESIGNCross‐sectional analysis of hospital administrative data.METHODSObservation‐status stay outcomes were compared in hospitals with and without a dedicated OU across 4 categories: (1) LOS, (2) standardized costs, (3) conversion to inpatient status, and (4) return care.SETTING/PATIENTSObservation‐status stays in 31 free‐standing children's hospitals contributing observation patient data to the Pediatric Health Information System database, 2011.RESULTSFifty‐one percent of the 136,239 observation‐status stays in 2011 occurred in 14 hospitals with a dedicated OU; the remainder were in 17 hospitals without. The percentage of observation‐status same‐day discharges was higher in hospitals with a dedicated OU compared with hospitals without (23.8 vs 22.1, P < 0.001), but risk‐adjusted LOS in hours and total standardized costs were similar. Conversion to inpatient status was higher in hospitals with a dedicated OU (11.06%) compared with hospitals without (9.63%, P < 0.01). Adjusted odds of return visits and readmissions were comparable.CONCLUSIONSThe presence of a dedicated OU appears to have an influence on same‐day and morning discharges across all observation‐status stays without impacting other hospital‐level outcomes. Inclusion of location of care (eg, dedicated OU, inpatient unit, emergency department) in hospital administrative datasets would allow for more meaningful comparisons of models of hospital care. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:366–372. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Volatile composition and sensory properties of Vanilla ×tahitensis bring new insights for vanilla quality control
Authors: Brunschwig Christel , Rochard Sophie , Pierrat Alexandre , Rouger Anne , Senger‐Emonnot Perrine , George Gérard , Raharivelomanana Phila 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDVanilla ×tahitensis produced in French Polynesia has a unique flavour among vanilla species. However, data on volatiles and sensory properties remain limited. In this study, the volatile composition and sensory properties of V. ×tahitensis from three Polynesian cultivars and two origins (French Polynesia/Papua New Guinea) were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and quantitative descriptive analysis, respectively, and compared to Vanilla planifolia.RESULTSVanilla species, origins and cultivars were differentiated by their volatile and sensory profiles using principal component analysis. The V. ×tahitensis flavour from French Polynesia was characterized by a well‐balanced sensory profile, having strong anise and caramel notes due to high levels of anisyl compounds. V. ×tahitensis from Papua New Guinea was distinct from that of French Polynesia, having strong spicy, fruity, brown rum notes due to p‐vinylguaiacol, p‐cresol and esters. Vanilla planifolia showed stronger phenolic, woody, smoky notes due to guaiacol, creosol and phenol, which were found to be biomarkers of the species. Vanilla sensory properties were linked by partial least squares regression to key volatile compounds like guaiacol or creosol, which are indicators of lower quality.CONCLUSIONThis study brings new insights to vanilla quality control, with a focus on key volatile compounds, irrespective of origin. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Authentication of commercial candy ingredients using DNA PCR‐cloning methodology
Authors: Muñoz‐Colmenero Marta , Martínez Jose Luis , Roca Agustín , García‐Vázquez Eva 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDCommercial candies are consumed by all population age sectors worldwide. Methods for quality control and composition authentication are therefore needed for best compliance with consumers' preferences. In this study applications of DNA‐based methodology for candy quality control have been tested. Eighteen samples of commercial candies (marshmallows, gumdrops, jelly, sherbet, gelatin‐based desserts) produced by five countries were analyzed to identify the component species by polymerase chain reaction, cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA and ribulose −1,5‐diphosphate carboxylase oxygenase genes, and the species determined from BLAST comparison with universal databases and phylogenetic analysis.RESULTSPositive DNA extraction and amplification of the target genes were obtained for 94% of candies assayed, even those containing as little as <0.0005 ng µL−1 DNA concentration. The results demonstrated that the species detected from DNA were compatible with the information provided on candy labels only in a few products. DNA traces of undeclared species, including fish, were found in most samples, and two products were labeled as vegetarian but contained porcine DNA.CONCLUSIONBased on the inaccuracy found on the labels of sweets we recommend the use of DNA tests for quality control of these popular sweets. DNA tests have been useful in this field but next‐generation sequencing methods could be more effective. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
UV‐B‐induced anthocyanin accumulation in hypocotyls of radish sprouts continues in the dark after irradiation
Authors: Su Nana , Lu Yanwu , Wu Qi , Liu Yuanyuan , Xia Yan , Xia Kai , Cui Jin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDRaphanus sativus L. cv. Yanghua sprouts are rich in health‐promoting anthocyanins; thus hypocotyls show a red color under light. In this study, effects of UV‐B irradiation at 5 W m−2 on anthocyanin biosynthesis in the hypocotyls of radish sprouts were investigated.RESULTSAnthocyanins began to accumulate rapidly from 24 h irradiation and increased continuously until 48 h, showing a similar pattern to phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity, with a correlation coefficient of 0.804. The expression of DFR and ANS paralleled the upward trend in anthocyanin accumulation, while CHS, CHI and F3H were upregulated before accumulation. When sprouts were moved into the dark from UV‐B, the anthocyanin accumulation did not stop immediately. By contrast, anthocyanin accumulated continuously for more than 12 h in the dark, which was further supported by the significantly higher PAL activity monitored at 24 h after irradiation. Similarly, the transcript levels of anthocyanin biosynthesis‐related genes were much higher over 6 h after 12 h UV‐B irradiation.CONCLUSIONUV‐B‐induced anthocyanin accumulation continues in the dark after irradiation, which was supported by unfading PAL activity and high levels of biosynthesis‐related genes. This will provide evidence to produce high‐quality sprouts with more anthocyanins but less energy wastage in practice. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
The “nutrient pump:” Iron‐poor sediments fuel low nitrogen‐to‐phosphorus ratios and cyanobacterial blooms in polymictic lakes
Authors: Orihel Diane M. , Schindler David W. , Ballard Nathaniel C. , Graham Mark D. , O'Connell David W. , Wilson Lindsey R. , Vinebrooke Rolf D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence from a eutrophic lake show how polymixis enables phosphorus (P) released from anoxic, iron (Fe)‐poor sediments to lower nitrogen‐to‐phosphorus (N : P) ratios and stimulate cyanobacterial blooms. Detailed sediment analyses revealed extensive formation of Fe sulfides, which suppressed porewater Fe levels and prevented sequestration of P in Fe minerals. Experimental additions of Fe significantly decreased the flux of dissolved P from warm, anoxic sediments, increasing N : P ratios in porewater and overlying water. The net midsummer effect of polymixis and P release from Fe‐poor sediments quickly doubled the total P in the euphotic zone during a period of very low external P loading. This internal “nutrient pump” decreased N : P in surface waters and led to a cyanobacterial bloom comprised primarily of diazotrophic Anabaena and Aphanizomenon spp. along with nonheterocystous and potentially toxic Microcystis icthyoblabe and Woronichinia naegelianum. Concentrations of the cyanotoxin, microcystin, in this lake were typically elevated during, or shortly after, episodes of internal P loading. Our study demonstrates an important mechanism underlying the increasing cyanobacterial dominance of weakly stratified eutrophic north temperate lakes, and warns of further increases under a warming climate.
Dynamics of marine bacterial community diversity of the coastal waters of the reefs, inlets, and wastewater outfalls of southeast Florida
Authors: Campbell Alexandra M. , Fleisher Jay , Sinigalliano Christopher , White James R. , Lopez Jose V. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCoastal waters adjacent to populated southeast Florida possess different habitats (reefs, oceanic inlets, sewage outfalls) that may affect the composition of their inherent microbiomes. To determine variation according to site, season, and depth, over the course of 1 year, we characterized the bacterioplankton communities within 38 nearshore seawater samples derived from the Florida Area Coastal Environment (FACE) water quality survey. Six distinct coastal locales were profiled – the Port Everglades and Hillsboro Inlets, Hollywood and Broward wastewater outfalls, and associated reef sites using culture‐independent, high‐throughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 region. More than 227,000 sequences helped describe longitudinal taxonomic profiles of marine bacteria and archaea. There were 4447 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified with a mean OTU count of 5986 OTUs across all sites. Bacterial taxa varied significantly by season and by site using weighted and unweighted Unifrac, but depth was only supported by weighted Unifrac, suggesting a change due to presence/absence of certain OTUs. Abundant microbial taxa across all samples included Synechococcus, Pelagibacteraceae, Bacteroidetes, and various Proteobacteria. Unifrac analysis confirmed significant differences at inlet sites relative to reef and outfalls. Inlet‐based bacterioplankton significantly differed in greater abundances of Rhodobacteraceae and Cryomorphaceae, and depletion of SAR406 sequences. This study also found higher counts of Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and wastewater associated SBR1093 bacteria at the outfall and reef sites compared to inlet sites. This study profiles local bacterioplankton populations in a much broader context, beyond culturing and quantitative PCR, and expands upon the work completed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FACE program.
Concise Review: Using Stem Cells to Prevent the Progression of Myopia—A Concept
Authors: Janowski Miroslaw , Bulte Jeff W.M. , Handa James T. , Rini David , Walczak Piotr 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe prevalence of myopia has increased in modern society due to the educational load of children. This condition is growing rapidly, especially in Asian countries where it has already reached a pandemic level. Typically, the younger the child's age at the onset of myopia, the more rapidly the condition will progress and the greater the likelihood that it will develop the known sight-threatening complications of high myopia. This rise in incidence of severe myopia has contributed to an increased frequency of eye diseases in adulthood, which often complicate therapeutic procedures. Currently, no treatment is available to prevent myopia progression. Stem cell therapy can potentially address two components of myopia. Regardless of the exact etiology, myopia is always associated with scleral weakness. In this context, a strategy aimed at scleral reinforcement by transplanting connective tissue-supportive mesenchymal stem cells is an attractive approach that could yield effective and universal therapy. Sunlight exposure appears to have a protective effect against myopia. It is postulated that this effect is mediated via local ocular production of dopamine. With a variety of dopamine-producing cells already available for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, stem cells engineered for dopamine production could be used for the treatment of myopia. In this review, we further explore these concepts and present evidence from the literature to support the use of stem cell therapy for the treatment of myopia. Stem Cells 2015;33:2104–2113
Development of an Environmentally Acceptable Detergent Formulation for Fatty Soils Based on the Lipase from the Indigenous Extremophile Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain
Authors: Grbavčić Sanja , Marković Darka , Rajilić‐Stojanović Mirjana , Antov Mirjana , Šćiban Marina , Karadžić Ivanka , Knežević‐Jugović Zorica 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA lipase derived from an indigenous extremophile Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain isolated from rancid metalworking fluid was evaluated as a detergent additive. Applicability of the obtained enzyme as an additive in detergent formulations was confirmed by its implementation in the formulations of several new products differing in surfactant type and concentrations, demonstrating satisfactory performance in terms of degreasing efficiency and composition of the washing wastewater. The degreasing efficiency of different enzyme‐containing detergent formulations was studied on cotton fabric samples stained with triolein and compared to that of formulations containing only surfactant. The highest efficiency of the fatty soil removal in formulations with a low content of surfactants (0.4 %) was noted in the enzyme formulation containing Lutensol® XP‐80 (degreasing efficiency >80 %) and Triton® X‐100 (degreasing efficiency >60 %). An attempt was then made to optimize the composition of the enzyme formulation on the basis of one or both of these surfactants using statistically planned experiments and response surface methodology (RSM). Taking into consideration the environmental aspects and the shown detergency, it appeared that rather high degreasing effects were achieved in formulations based on a low quantities of Lutensol® XP‐80 (0.4 %) at all pH values. However, pH seemed to have a notable effect since the degreasing efficiency significantly increased with increasing pH and the amount of the enzyme. Formulations having a moderate alkaline pH profile and higher amount of enzyme exhibited a high cleaning performance of fatty soil even at a low concentration of the surfactant.
Negative emotions towards others are diminished in remitted major depression
Authors: Zahn R. , Lythe K.E. , Gethin J.A. , Green S. , Deakin J.F.W. , Workman C. , Moll J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground:One influential view is that vulnerability to major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with a proneness to experience negative emotions in general. In contrast, blame attribution theories emphasise the importance of blaming oneself rather than others for negative events. Our previous exploratory study provided support for the attributional hypothesis that patients with remitted MDD show no overall bias towards negative emotions, but a selective bias towards emotions entailing self-blame relative to emotions that entail blaming others. More specifically, we found a decreased proneness for contempt/disgust towards others relative to oneself (i.e. self-contempt bias). Here, we report a definitive test of the competing general negative versus specific attributional bias theories of MDD.Methods:We compared a medication-free remitted MDD (n = 101) and a control group (n = 70) with no family or personal history of MDD on a previously validated experimental test of moral emotions. The task measures proneness to specific emotions associated with different types of self-blame (guilt, shame, self-contempt/disgust, self-indignation/anger) and blame of others (other-indignation/anger, other-contempt/disgust) whilst controlling for the intensity of unpleasantness.Results:We confirmed the hypothesis that patients with MDD exhibit an increased self-contempt bias with a reduction in contempt/disgust towards others. Furthermore, they also showed a decreased proneness for indignation/anger towards others.Conclusions:This corroborates the prediction that vulnerability to MDD is associated with an imbalance of specific self- and other-blaming emotions rather than a general increase in negative emotions. This has important implications for neurocognitive models and calls for novel focussed interventions to rebalance blame in MDD.
Hybrid Type II fuzzy system & data mining approach for surface finish
Authors: Tseng Tzu-Liang (Bill) , Jiang Fuhua , Kwon Yongjin (James) 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this study, a new methodology in predicting a system output has been investigated by applying a data mining technique and a hybrid type II fuzzy system in CNC turning operations. The purpose was to generate a supplemental control function under the dynamic machining environment, where unforeseeable changes may occur frequently. Two different types of membership functions were developed for the fuzzy logic systems and also by combining the two types, a hybrid system was generated. Genetic algorithm was used for fuzzy adaptation in the control system. Fuzzy rules are automatically modified in the process of genetic algorithm training. The computational results showed that the hybrid system with a genetic adaptation generated a far better accuracy. The hybrid fuzzy system with genetic algorithm training demonstrated more effective prediction capability and a strong potential for the implementation into existing control functions.
Highlights A new methodology in predicting a CNC machining output has been investigated. A data mining technique and a hybrid type II fuzzy system are applied. Two different types of membership functions were created to generate a hybrid system. Fuzzy rules are automatically modified in the process of genetic algorithm training. The results showed that the hybrid system generated a far better accuracy.
Anti‐androgen enzalutamide enhances prostate cancer neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation via altering the infiltrated mast cells → androgen receptor (AR) → miRNA32 signals
Authors: Dang Qiang , Li Lei , Xie Hongjun , He Dalin , Chen Jiaqi , Song Wenbing , Chang Luke S. , Chang Hong-Chiang , Yeh Shuyuan , Chang Chawnshang 
Published: March 2015

The recently developed anti‐androgen enzalutamide also known as (MDV3100) has the advantage to prolong by 4.8 months the survival of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. However, the mechanisms behind the potential side effects involving the induction of the prostate cancer (PCa) neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation remain unclear. Here we found PCa cells could recruit more mast cells than normal prostate epithelial cells, and enzalutamide (or casodex) treatment could further increase such recruitment that resulted in promoting the PCa NE differentiation. Mechanism dissection found infiltrated mast cells could function through positive feedback to enhance PCa to recruit more mast cells via modulation of the androgen receptor (AR) → cytokines IL8 signals, and interruption by AR‐siRNA or neutralizing anti‐IL8 antibody could partially reverse the recruitment of mast cells. Importantly, targeting the PCa androgens/AR signals with AR‐siRNA or enzalutamide (or casodex) also increased PCa NE differentiation via modulation of the miRNA32 expression, and adding miRNA32 inhibitor reversed the AR‐siRNA‐ or enzalutamide‐enhanced NE differentiation. Together, these results not only identified a new signal via infiltrated mast cells → PCa AR → miRNA32 to increase PCa NE differentiation, it also pointed out the potential unwanted side effects of enzalutamide (or casodex) to increase PCa NE differentiation. Targeting these newly identified signals, including AR, IL8, or miRNA32, may help us to better suppress PCa NE differentiation that is induced during ADT with anti‐androgen enzalutamide (or casodex) treatment.
EFFECT OF INDIVIDUAL AND COMMUNITY FACTORS ON MATERNAL HEALTH CARE SERVICE USE IN INDIA: A MULTILEVEL APPROACH
Authors: YADAV AWDHESH , KESARWANI RANJANA 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThis study aimed to assess empirically the influence of individual and community (neighbourhood) factors on the use of maternal health care services in India through three outcomes: utilization of full antenatal care (ANC) services, safe delivery and utilization of postnatal care services. Data were from the third round of the National Family Health Survey (2005–06). The study sample constituted ever-married women aged 15–49 from 29 Indian states. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed for the three outcomes of interest accounting for individual- and community-level factors associated with the use of maternal health care services. A substantial amount of variation was observed at the community level. About 45%, 51% and 62% of the total variance in the use of full ANC, safe delivery and postnatal care, respectively, could be attributed to differences across the community. There was significant variation in the use of maternal health care services at the individual level, with socioeconomic status and mother's education being the most prominent factors associated with the use of maternal health care services. At the community level, urban residence and poverty concentration were found to be significantly associated with maternal health care service use. The results suggest that an increased focus on community-level interventions could lead to an increase in the utilization of maternal health care services in India.