bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Baska® mask with the single‐use laryngeal mask airway in low‐risk female patients undergoing ambulatory surgery
Authors: Alexiev V. , Ochana A. , Abdelrahman D. , Coyne J. , McDonnell J. G. , O'Toole D. P. , Neligan P. , Laffey J. G. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryWe compared the Baska® mask with the single‐use classic laryngeal mask airway (cLMA) in 150 females at low risk for difficult tracheal intubation in a randomised, controlled clinical trial. We found that median (IQR [range]) seal pressure was significantly higher with the Baska mask compared with the cLMA (40 (34–40 [16–40]) vs 22 (18–25 [14–40]) cmH2O, respectively, p < 0.001), indicating a better seal. In contrast, the first time success rate for insertion of the Baska mask was lower than that seen with the cLMA (52/71 (73%) vs 77/99 (98%), respectively, p < 0.001). There were no differences in overall device insertion success rates (78/79 (99%) vs 68/71 (96%), respectively, p = 0.54). The Baska mask proved more difficult to insert, requiring more insertion attempts, taking longer to insert and had higher median (IQR [range]) insertion difficulty scores (1.6 (0.8–2.2 [0.1–5.6]) vs 0.5 (0.3–1.4 [0.1–4.0]), respectively, p < 0.001). There was also an increased rate of minor blood staining of the Baska mask after removal, but there were no differences in other complication rates, such as laryngospasm, or in the severity of throat discomfort. In conclusion, in clinical situations where the seal with the glottic aperture takes priority over ease of insertion, the Baska mask may provide a useful alternative to the cLMA.
Vascular trauma in Western Australia: a comparison of two study periods over 15 years
Authors: Friend Jikol , Rao Sudhakar , Sieunarine Kishore , Woodroof Paul 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundRoyal Perth Hospital (RPH) has become Western Australia's only designated adult major trauma facility since a previous study of vascular trauma was conducted in 2001 at the same facility. The aim of this study is to identify changes in vascular trauma patterns over the two study periods and compare these changes with international literature.MethodsAll individuals presenting to RPH between January 2000 and December 2010 with vascular injury were identified from a prospective trauma database for this descriptive study. Injuries were classified using the Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS).ResultsThe incidence of vascular trauma as a percentage of total trauma increased over the two study periods. The current 10‐year study included 45 164 patients on the trauma database, of which 1205 patients (2.6%) sustained 1335 vascular injuries, an increase from 1% in the previous 5‐year study at the same facility. Males aged 20–29 years were more frequently injured. Blunt trauma occurred more frequently than penetrating. The extremities, particularly the upper limbs were most commonly injured. The most common causes of injury for each region were as follows; motorbike crash (MBC), motor vehicle crash (MVC) and stabbing (neck, thorax and abdomen), MBC and MVC (lower limb) and piercing injuries (upper limb). Injury Severity Score (ISS) and mortality 43% (32 of 75) were highest for thoracic injuries, particularly thoracic aorta injury. Mortality rate has decreased.ConclusionVascular injuries in Western Australia are increasing. MVC are the most common cause of life threatening injury. Road safety interventions targeting young males are likely to reduce trauma.
Polymorphisms in the IRF‐4 gene, asthma and recurrent bronchitis in children
Authors: Pinto L. A. , Michel S. , Klopp N. , Vogelberg C. , von Berg A. , Bufe A. , Heinzmann A. , Laub O. , Simma B. , Frischer T. , Genuneit J. , Gorski M. , Illig T. , Kabesch M. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryBackgroundInterferon‐regulatory factors (IRFs) play a crucial role in immunity, not only influencing interferon expression but also T cell differentiation. IRF‐4 was only recently recognized as a further major player in T cell differentiation.ObjectiveAs IRF‐1 polymorphisms were shown to be associated with atopy and allergy, we comprehensively investigated effects of IRF‐4 variants on allergy, asthma and related phenotypes in German children.MethodsFifteen tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IRF‐4 gene were genotyped by MALDI‐TOF MS in the cross‐sectional ISAAC phase II study population from Munich and Dresden (age 9–11; N = 3099). Replication was performed in our previously established genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data set (N = 1303) consisting of asthma cases from the Multicenter Asthma Genetic in Childhood (MAGIC) study and reference children from the ISAAC II study.ResultsSNPs were not significantly associated with asthma but with bronchial hyperresponsiveness, atopy and, most interestingly, with recurrent bronchitis in the first data set. The IRF‐4 variant rs9378805 was associated with recurrent bronchitis in the ISAAC population and replicated in the GWAS data set where further SNPs showed associations with recurrent bronchitis and asthma.ConclusionsWe found genetic associations in IRF‐4 to be associated with recurrent bronchitis in our two study populations. Associated polymorphisms are localized in a putative regulatory element in the 3′UTR region of IRF‐4. These findings suggest a putative role of IRF‐4 in the development of bronchitis.
Coring‐out fistulectomy with a newly designed ‘fistulectome’ for complicated perianal fistulae: a retrospective clinical analysis
Authors: Tasci I. , Erturk S. , Alver O. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimConventional surgery for complex anal fistula (AF) is associated with continence disturbance and recurrence. In the hope of reducing these we developed a new mechanical device, the ‘fistulectome’, to excise the entire fistula tract.MethodBetween March 2001 and April 2011, 136 patients underwent surgery for a complex AF using the fistulectome. All fistulae were cryptoglandular in origin. Five patients were lost to follow up and were excluded from the analysis.ResultsOf the 131 fistulae, 76 were trans‐sphincteric, 14 were suprasphincteric and 16 were extrasphincteric. Seven had a horseshoe extension and 18 were unclassified. Of the 131, 108 had recurred after conventional fistulotomy performed at another centre and 23 were primary. The mean duration of follow up was 34.6 months, the mean hospital stay was 5 days and the healing time was 14 days. Recurrence, flatus incontinence and soiling occurred in 17 (12.9%), four (3.5%) and two (1.52%) patients.ConclusionThe results of this series suggest that coring‐out of a fistula using a fistulectome may be a valid treatment for complicated anal fistula.
Multipurpose use of the ‘bear claw’ (over‐the‐scope‐clip system) to treat endoluminal gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Mönkemüller Klaus , Peter Shajan , Toshniwal Jay , Popa Daniel , Zabielski Marzena , Stahl Richard D. , Ramesh Jayapal , Wilcox C. Mel 
Published: July 2013

Background and AimThe ‘bear‐claw’ or over‐the‐scope‐clip system (OTSC; Ovesco Endoscopy, Tübingen, Germany) is a new clipping device developed for closure of large luminal gastrointestinal (GI) defects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients treated with the OTSC.MethodsThe present study was an observational, open‐label, retrospective, single‐arm case series conducted at two hospitals with tertiary care endoscopy. It involved 20 clip applications in 16 patients (median age 65.8 years [range 51–90 years], seven women) with GI defects from fistulas and anastomotic dehiscence and peptic ulcer bleeding.ResultsThe range of indications included gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 6), gastrocutaneous fistulas (n = 3), esophagotracheal and/or esophagopleural fistulae (n = 3), resection ofsubmucosal tumor (n = 2), stent fixation (n = 1), and anastomotic leak after esophagectomy (n = 1). The overall success rate for the OTSC device was 75% (12 out of 16 patients). The overall per case success rate was 70% (14 of 20 applications). Mean follow up was 10 months (range 1–10). There were no complications (0%) related to endoscopy, sedation or application of the clipping device.ConclusionsThe OTSC system is a useful device in a variety of clinical scenarios including the management of larger GI leaks and fistulas, GI bleeding, full‐thickness resection of tumors, and stent anchoring, even in very old and frail patients.
Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of empagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, in patients with hepatic impairment
Authors: Macha S. , Rose P. , Mattheus M. , Cinca R. , Pinnetti S. , Broedl U. C. , Woerle H. J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimsThis open‐label, parallel‐group study investigated the effect of various degrees of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of the sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin.MethodsThirty‐six subjects [8 each with mild, moderate or severe hepatic impairment (Child–Pugh classification), and 12 matched controls with normal hepatic function] received a single 50 mg dose of empagliflozin.ResultsEmpagliflozin was rapidly absorbed. After reaching peak levels, plasma drug concentrations declined in a biphasic fashion. Compared with subjects with normal hepatic function, geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) of AUC0–∞ and Cmax were 123.15% (98.89–153.36) and 103.81% (82.29–130.95), respectively, in patients with mild hepatic impairment, 146.97% (118.02–183.02) and 123.31% (97.74–155.55), respectively, in patients with moderate hepatic impairment, and 174.70% (140.29–217.55) and 148.41% (117.65–187.23), respectively, in patients with severe hepatic impairment. Adverse events, all mild or moderate in intensity, were reported in three subjects with moderate hepatic impairment, two subjects with severe hepatic impairment and six subjects with normal hepatic function.ConclusionsEmpagliflozin was well tolerated in subjects with hepatic impairment. Increases in empagliflozin exposure were less than twofold in patients with hepatic impairment; therefore no dose adjustment of empagliflozin is required in patients with hepatic impairment.
Unstimulated whole salivary flow rate and anxiolytics intake are independently associated with oral Candida infection in patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Bokor‐Bratic Marija , Cankovic Milos , Dragnic Natasa 
Published: July 2013

Many factors have been proposed to influence oral infection with yeast. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral yeasts in oral lichen planus (OLP) patients and control subjects, and to perform a multiple logistic regression analysis to identify factors that influence oral Candida infection in OLP patients. In this cross‐sectional study, 90 new patients with OLP and 90 sex‐ and age‐matched control subjects with no mucosal lesions were interviewed about their health status, use of medication, and smoking and alcohol habits. Swab and unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and salivary pH was measured. A positive Candida culture was more prevalent among OLP patients (48.9%) than among control subjects (26.7%). Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species in both groups. By logistic regression analysis, unstimulated whole salivary flow rates of 0.11–0.24 ml min−1 (OR = 5.90) and 0.25–0.32 ml min−1 (OR = 3.51) and benzodiazepine anxiolytics intake (OR = 8.30) were independently associated with the presence of Candida among OLP patients. Age, denture wearing, levels of dentition, decreased salivary pH, antihypertensive drugs, and alcohol consumption were not associated with oral Candida infection in OLP patients. The results indicate that data on benzodiazepine anxiolytics intake and evaluation of unstimulated whole salivary flow rate should be considered as part of the clinical evaluation to identify OLP patients at risk for Candida infection.
Validation of morphological keys for identification of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda, Parasitaphelenchidae) to group and species level
Authors: Sarniguet C. , Buisson A. , Anthoine G. 
Published: July 2013

Official analyses undertaken in the framework of an official survey, or import controls need reliable results. This can be achieved by using validated methods. For morphological tests, this validation process is rarely illustrated despite guidance provided in EPPO PM 7/98 (1) Specific requirements for laboratories preparing accreditation for a plant pest diagnostic activity. This paper presents validation for the morphological identification of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, with the evaluation results of published identification keys and of internally designed identification keys at B. xylophilus group and species levels. For published identification keys some criteria were shown not to be reliable for routine use: excretory pore position and number of caudal papillae. The key designed in the laboratory for xylophilus group identification was shown to be sensitive and specific when one male and one female were observed. The key designed for B. xylophilus species identification is sensitive, specific and reproducible if only one female of B. xylophilus is observed. The tools designed were validated as simple and reliable for routine analysis. The advantages and limitations of the validation process for morphological tools are discussed for process improvement.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a new large animal spirometry device using mainstream CO2 flow sensors
Authors: Ambrisko T. D. , Lammer V. , Schramel J. P. , Moens Y. P. S. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyA spirometry device equipped with mainstream CO2 flow sensor is not available for large animal anaesthesia.ObjectivesTo measure the resistance of a new large animal spirometry device and assess its agreement with reference methods for volume measurements.Study designIn vitro experiment and crossover study using anaesthetised horses.MethodsA flow partitioning device (FPD) equipped with 4 human CO2 flow sensors was tested. Pressure differences were measured across the whole FPD and across each sensor separately using air flows (range: 90–720 l/min). One sensor was connected to a spirometry monitor for in vitro volume (3, 5 and 7 l) measurements. These measurements were compared with a reference method. Five anaesthetised horses were used for tidal volume (VT) measurements using the FPD and a horse‐lite sensor (reference method). Bland–Altman analysis, ANOVA and linear regression analysis were used for data analysis.ResultsPressure differences across each sensor were similar suggesting equal flow partitioning. The resistance of the device increased with flow (range: 0.3–1.5 cmH2O s/l) and was higher than that of the horse‐lite. The limits of agreement for volume measurements were within ‐1 and 2% in vitro and ‐12 and 0% in vivo. Nine of 147 VT measurements in horses were outside of the ± 10% limits of acceptance but most of these erroneous measurements occurred with VTs lower than 4 l. The determined correction factor for volume measurements was 3.97 ± 0.03.ConclusionsThe limits of agreement for volume measurements by the new device were within ± 10% using clinically relevant range of volumes. The new spirometry device can be recommended for measurement of VT in adult Warmblood horses.
Tissue‐specific stable isotope ratios of shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) and white (Carcharodon carcharias) sharks as indicators of size‐based differences in foraging habitat and trophic level
Authors: Malpica‐Cruz Luis , Herzka Sharon Z. , Sosa‐Nishizaki Oscar , Escobedo‐Olvera Miguel A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe evaluated whether the trophic level and feeding grounds (coastal versus offshore) of white and shortfin mako sharks captured in the northern Mexican Pacific varied as a function of size using carbon (δ13C values) and nitrogen (δ15N values) stable isotope analysis of soft tissues. A step increase in δ15N values was observed at approximately 85 cm TL and 150–170 cm TL for shortfin mako and white sharks, respectively, consistent with the dilution of the maternal isotopic signal following the incorporation of exogenous food. Shortfin mako and white shark muscle tissue and whole blood were enriched in 15N as a function of size, which is consistent with increasing trophic level, but this pattern may be confounded by differences in habitat. To infer differences in foraging habitat throughout life, we compared isotope ratios of liver and blood fractions with those of white muscle tissue; these tissues have relatively faster and slower isotope turnover rates, respectively. Whole blood and muscle δ13C values of small white sharks (<200 cm total length) caught near the coast suggested benthic foraging. Very limited differences between δ13C values of muscle tissue and whole blood from small and medium mako (<196 cm TL) and small white sharks indicated equilibrium to local feeding grounds. In contrast, differences in the δ13C values of liver tissue from small and medium mako and small white sharks indicated changes in diet or feeding grounds. The δ13C values of plasma and muscle tissue of large white sharks (>350 cm total length) caught offshore indicate feeding in coastal and oceanic areas and are consistent with recent migration to pelagic feeding grounds. Our study provides insight into size‐based habitat use and migration patterns of two species of migratory sharks for which there is limited information, particularly in their nursery grounds in Mexican waters.
Characteristics and prediction of hepatitis B e‐antigen negative hepatitis following seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Morita Susumu , Matsumoto Akihiro , Umemura Takeji , Shibata Soichiro , Kamijo Nozomi , Ichikawa Yuki , Kimura Takefumi , Joshita Satoru , Komatsu Michiharu , Yoshizawa Kaname , Tanaka Eiji 
Published: July 2013

AimWe analyzed the characteristics of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) abnormality after achieving hepatitis B e‐antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion (SC) and other factors associated with the occurrence of HBeAg negative hepatitis.MethodsWe followed 36 patients with chronic hepatitis B from 3 years prior to at least 3 years after SC (mean, 11.6 years) and examined ALT, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, HB surface antigen, HB core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) levels and mutations related to HBeAg SC.ResultsALT normalization (<31 IU/L for at least 1 year) was primarily observed until 2 years following SC, after which it became more infrequent. We next divided patients into abnormal (≥31 IU/L, n = 20) and normal (<31 IU/L, n = 16) groups based on integrated ALT level after the time point of 2 years from SC, and considered the former group as having HBeAg negative hepatitis in the present study. Although changes in median levels of ALT and HBcrAg differed significantly between the groups, multivariate analysis showed ALT normalization within 2 years after SC to be the only significant determining factor for this disease (P = 0.001). We then assessed the 19 patients whose ALT was normal at 2 years following SC, four of whom developed HBeAg negative hepatitis. Increased levels of HBV DNA (P = 0.037) and HBcrAg (P = 0.033) were significant factors of potential relevance.ConclusionALT abnormality after 2 years of SC may be evaluated as HBeAg‐negative hepatitis. ALT, HBV DNA and HBcrAg levels may be useful in predicting the outcome of patients who achieve HBeAg SC.
Annexin A10 is an immunohistochemical marker for adenocarcinoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract and pancreatobiliary system
Authors: Lu Su‐Hsi , Yuan Ray‐Hwang , Chen Yu‐Ling , Hsu Hey‐Chi , Jeng Yung‐Ming 
Published: July 2013

AimsAnnexin A10 (ANXA10) is a calcium‐ and phospholipid‐binding protein expressed normally in the gastric mucosa. In this study, we evaluated the potential use of ANXA10 as a diagnostic marker.Methods and resultsWe observed ANXA10 expression in the gastric mucosa, the Brunner gland of the duodenum and the urothelium, but absence of expression in other normal organs. Following the screening of 1327 primary carcinomas of major organs, we identified ANXA10 expression in 46% of gastric, 72% of ampullary, 78% of pancreatic and 33% of biliary adenocarcinomas. ANXA10 was expressed in 83% of non‐invasive urothelial carcinomas, but was expressed in only 9% of invasive urothelial carcinomas. ANAX10 was rarely expressed in carcinomas of other organs. Of 227 metastatic adenocarcinomas, ANXA10 was expressed in 83% of metastatic pancreatic and 47% of metastatic gastric adenocarcinomas, but was expressed in only 2% of metastatic adenocarcinomas from other organs. In the liver, the sensitivity and specificity for identifying the pancreas as the primary site of metastatic adenocarcinoma were 83 and 95%, respectively.ConclusionOur study results indicate that the inclusion of ANXA10 in an immunohistochemical panel will be helpful in the differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of an unknown primary site.
Development of analytical method for determination of 1,4‐dioxane in cleansing products
Authors: Tahara M. , Obama T. , Ikarashi Y. 
Published: July 2013

SynopsisObjective1,4‐Dioxane is a toxic by‐product formed during the synthesis of surfactants used in finished cosmetic products. There are no set permissible levels of toxic impurities in finished cosmetic products in Japan. In this study, we have established a simple and sufficiently precise analytical method to determine the activity of 1,4‐dioxane in finished cosmetic cleansing products.MethodsThis method involves the standard addition approach and headspace‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry without pre‐conditioning.ResultsFifteen cleansing products that are sold in the Japanese market, such as shampoo, hand soap, and dishwashing liquid, were analyzed, and 1,4‐dioxane was detected at a concentration of a few micrograms per gram of the product in almost all of them. The concentration of 1,4‐dioxane in two dishwashing liquid products was high. The maximum concentration of 1,4‐dioxane in all of the cleansing products was below 10 μg g−1, which is a limit that is thought to be safe and technically achievable through the application of good manufacturing practices. Since 1,4‐dioxane is formed during the synthesis of polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, it was detected at high concentrations in cleansing products that contained a lot of polyoxyethylene ether sulfate.ConclusionControl of the synthesis of polyoxyethylene ether sulfate can be effective in reducing the concentration of 1,4‐dioxane in cleansing products.