bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4‐Bromo‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazole in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Unexpected Polysubstituted Pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: El‐Rady Eman A. , El Latif Fawi M. Abd 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUnexpected 4,4′‐dipyrazolomethylidene (7), 4‐amino‐3a‐bromo‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐6‐thione (9), 4,4′‐dipyrazolyl (18), ethyl 4‐(3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazole‐4‐yl)fuoro[2,3‐c]pyrazole‐4‐carboxylate (25), as well as the expected fuoro[2,3‐c]pyrazole derivatives (15), (20) and (28) were isolated from a one‐pot reaction of 4‐bromo‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazole (1) with some readily available reagents.
(Pyridine)(tetrahydroborato)zinc Complex Mediated Acetylation of Amines with Ethyl Acetate
Authors: Zeynizadeh Behzad , Zahmatkesh Karam 
Published: May 2015

Abstract(Pyridine)(tetrahydroborato)zinc complex, (Py)Zn(BH4)2, can efficiently perform acetylation of a variety of aliphatic and aromatic amines with ethyl acetate under refluxing THF.
Flavonol Glycosides and Cytotoxic Triterpenoids from Alphitonia Philippinensis
Authors: Jou Sheng‐Jye , Chen Chung‐Hsiung , Guh Jih‐Hwa , Lee Chun‐Nan , Lee Shoei‐Sheng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThree new flavonol glycosides, namely, isorhamnetin 3‐O‐(6″‐O‐(Z)‐p‐coumaroyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1), quercetin 3‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 2)‐α‐L‐arabinopyranosyl(1 → 2)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (2), and quercetin 3‐O‐α‐L‐arabinopyranosyl(1 → 2)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (3), were isolated from the stems of Alphitonia philippinensis. Their structures were established by spectral analysis. In addition, NMR data were assigned for ceanothenic acid (11). Some of the isolated triterpenoids and flavonoid glycosides showed cytotoxicity against human PC‐3 cells and hepatoma HA22T cells, and inhibition of replication on herpes simplex virus type‐1.
Solvent Influence upon Complex Formation between Dibenzo 24‐Crown‐8 and Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ Cations in Acetonitrile‐Dimethylformamide Binary Mixtures Using the Conductometric Method
Authors: Rounaghi Gholam Hossein , Shahri Effat Esmaily , Abdolrasoul Soleimani 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe complexation reactions between Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ cations with macrocyclic ligand, dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 (DB24C8) were studied in acetonitrile‐dimethylformamide (AN‐DMF) binary mixtures at different temperatures using the conductometry method. In all cases, DB24C8 forms 1:1 complexes with these cations. The values of stability constants of complexes which were obtained from conductometric data, show that the stability of complexes is affected by the nature and composition of the solvent. In many cases, the stability constants of complexes in these solvent systems increase with increasing the concentration of acetonitrile which has a lower donor number than dimethylformamide. However, in the case of complex formation between Mg2+ and Sr2+ cations with DB24C8, an anomalous behaviour was observed for the stability constants (LogKf) with increasing the mole fraction of acetonitrile in AN‐DMF binary mixtures at all temperatures. A non‐linear behaviour was observed for variation of LogKf of the metal ion complexes vs the composition of the mixed solvents. This behaviour may be related to heteroselective solvation of cations and also solvent‐solvent interactions in these binary systems. The obtained results show that the order of selectivity of DB24C8 ligand for the metal cations in different concentrations of acetonitrile in AN‐DMF binary systems is: Ba2+ > Sr2+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+, but a reversal in selectivity is observed in a certain composition of the mixed solvents. The values of thermodynamic parameters (ΔH°c and ΔS°c) for formation of complexes were obtained from temperature dependence of stability constants of complexes using the van't Hoff plots. The results show that in most cases, the complexation reactions are enthalpy destabilized but entropy stabilized, and the values of these thermodynamic parameters are influenced by the nature and composition of the mixed solvents.
Novel Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Some Pyridazine Derivatives
Authors: Mohamed M. I. , Zaky H. T. , Kandile N. G. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractVarious pyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones, 3‐chloropyridazines and pyridazin‐3(2H)‐thiones were synthesized and treated with the sulpha drug (knowing by sulphamethoxazole). All the new compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity. They showed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis (Gram + ve) and E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Yersinia enterocolitica (Gram ‐ ve) bacteria by agar plate diffusion method.All proposed structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, Mass spectra and Elemental analysis.
Novel Syntheses of 2,3‐Dihydro‐5H‐1,4‐Benzoxathiepins Using Polymer‐Supported Bis(trifluoroacetoxyiodo)Benzene
Authors: Huang Hsin‐Yu , Wang Huey‐Min , Hou Rei‐Sheu , Chen Ling‐Ching 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPummerer‐type reaction was carried out with α‐acyl sulfides and polymer‐supported bis(trifluoroacetoxyiodo)benzene (PSBTI) instead of α‐acyl sulfoxides to prepare 2,3‐dihydro‐5H‐1,4‐benzoxathiepins.
Compared to Synthetic Polymers, Proteins Are Awesome
Authors: Chen Franklin M. C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper is written for undergraduate chemistry students who are introduced to the elegant biosynthesis and folding of proteins as compared to synthetic polymers. The uniqueness of proteins among other synthetic and biopolymers is discussed. Proteins are characterized by unique 3‐dimensional structures that are dictated by their 1‐dimensional amino acid sequences. The driving force of the 3‐d conformation lies in the tendency of hydrophobic residues to stay away from an aqueous environment. As a result of such hydrophobic forces, proteins are very compact. Conformational folding is much faster than the time needed for an exhaustive search of the global minimum energy. Additionally, conformational changes induced by environmental factors such as pH, temperature, or ligands are cooperative. Such cooperative folding is given by an example of hemoglobin binding to oxygen molecules. Polymer synthesis designed to mimic protein structures has given useful polymers with many practical applications.
Water‐Exchange Rate and Rotational Dynamics of [Gd(TTDA‐PY)(H2O)]− and [Gd((S)‐4‐Bz‐TTDA)(H2O)]2− in Aqueous Solution: A Variable Temperature 17O NMR Study
Authors: Ou Ming‐Hung , Liu Gin‐Chung , Wang Yun‐Ming 
Published: May 2015

Abstract17O NMR longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates and chemical shifts were measured at variable temperatures at 9.4 T magnetic fields for aqueous solutions of two Gd(III) TTDA‐like complexes (TTDA = 3,6,10‐tri(carboxymethyl)‐3,6,10‐triazadodecanedioic acid), [Gd(TTDA‐PY)(H2O)] (TTDA‐PY = 3,10‐di‐(carboxymethyl)‐6‐pyridylmethyl‐3,6,10‐triazadodecanedioic acid) and [Gd((S)‐4‐Bz‐TTDA)(H2O)]2− ((S)‐4‐Bz‐TTDA = ((S)‐4‐benzyl‐3,6,10‐tri(carboxymethyl)‐3,6,10‐triazadodecanedioic acid). The results were analyzed in terms of the water‐exchange kinetics and the rotational motion of the complex. The water‐exchange kinetic (kex298) parameters for [Gd(TTDA‐PY)(H2O)] ((30.3 1.8) 106 s−1) and [Gd((S)‐4‐Bz‐TTDA)(H2O)]2− ((115 2.5) 106 s−1) are lower than that of [Gd(TTDA)(H2O)]2− (kex298 = (330 4.0) 106 s−1) and are significantly higher than that of [Gd(DTPA)(H2O)]2− (kex298 = (4.1 0.3) 106 s−1)(DTPA = diethylenetriamine‐N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentaacetic acid). The higher kex298 values for [Gd((S)‐4‐Bz‐TTDA)(H2O)]2− and [Gd(TTDA)(H2O)]2− suggest that the longer backbone of the multidentate ligand may be pulled tightly into the first coordination sphere, resulting in high steric constraints at the water binding site. The rotational correlation time (τR) for [Gd(TTDA‐PY)(H2O)] (129 ps) and [Gd((S)‐4‐Bz‐TTDA)(H2O)]2− (141 ps) are significantly higher than those of [Gd(DTPA)(H2O)]2− (103 ps)and [Gd(TTDA)(H2O)]2− (75 ps), and this is owing to that R is related to the magnitude of their molecular weight.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Protein Folding‐Unfolding
Authors: Shiu Y. J. , Su Catherlene , Yeh Y. L. , Liang K. K. , Hayashi M. , Mo Yan , Yan Yijing , Lin S. H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRecently, a mean field theory of protein folding‐unfolding based on the generalization of the Ising model has been developed. In this work, we apply this theory to obtain averaged coupling energy between two neighbor units in protein and denaturation free energy of protein units. The free energy change of protein folding is found to be 6.0, 5.1, 11.4 kcal mol−1 from absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism, respectively; the respective coupling energies of cyt c induced with acid are estimated to be around 10% of the average free energy of protein. The denaturation free energies per molar are determined to be −3400 kcal mol−1 M−1 from absorption, −1260 kcal mol−1 M−1 from fluorescence, and −3180 kcal mol−1 M−1 from circular dichroism.Fused silica (a hydrophilic surface) is found to play a role to unfold protein and provide a denaturation free energy of−4.05 kcal mole−1. For the case in which protein is denatured by acid on a fused silica surface, the average coupling energy is found to be 85% smaller than the one estimated in bulk solution; the denaturation free energy per molar is found to be 3260 kcal mol−1 M−1.Another purpose of this paper is to generalize our original kinetic model of protein folding‐unfolding by explicitly taking into account the correlation between protein units. We show that at equilibrium, this new model also yields the same equilibrium as that obtained from our model of thermodynamics of protein folding‐unfolding.
Electronic Communications Mediated by Metal Clusters
Authors: Yip John H. K. , Wu Jianguo , Wong Kwok‐Yin , Ho Kam Piu , Pun Christine So‐Ngan , Vittal Jagadese J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo model systems [CuI3(dppm)3(μ3‐η1‐C≡CFc)2]•PF6 (1•PF6) and [PtI2(dppm)2(C=CFc)2] (2) were devised to probe the ability of metal clusters in mediating electronic communications. The complexes were characterized by using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, UV‐vis spectroscopy, and voltammetry (dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane; Fc = ferrocenyl). The complex is composed a of trimetallic CuI3 core bridged by three dppm and capped with one and two ferrocenylacetylides, respectively. Cyclic and differential pulse voltammograms of 1•PF6 show two reversible Fc oxidations separated by 110 ± 14 mV, giving a comproportionation constant Kc of 77 ± 30. The stability of the mixed‐valence complex 12+ arises mainly from the reduction of electrostatic repulsion and statistical distribution. On the other hand, the Pt‐Pt σ‐bond enhances electronic interactions between the terminal Fc‐groups in compound 2. The CV of the complex shows two reversible Fc‐centered oxidations which are separated by 267 ± 14 mV and the Kc is 3.3 × 104 ± 1.5 × 104. Addition of a d10 AuCl/Br fragment to the Pt‐Pt bond gives rise to complexes [Pt2 (μ‐AuX)(dppm)2(C≡CFc)2] [X = Cl (3) and Br (4)]. The two Fc‐oxidations are not resolved in the CV of the complexes, indicating that the electronic communication is shut down.
Absorbance Behavior of Polyaniline‐Poly(Styrenesulfonic Acid) Complexes and Tungsten Oxide
Authors: Lin Der‐Shyu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis research focuses on the UV‐Vis. absorbance spectra of the hybrid organic/inorganic complementary electro‐chromic device (ECD), comprising polyaniline‐poly(styrenesulfonic acid)[PANI‐PSSA] complexes and tungsten oxide (WO3) thin film coupled in combination with a polymer electrolyte poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐propane‐sulphonic acid)[PAMPSA]. PANI‐PSSA microstructure surface images have been studied by AFM. By applying a potential of ˜3.0 V across the two external ITO contacts, we are able to modulate the light absorption also in the UV‐Vis region (200–900 nm) wavelength region. For example, the absorption changes from 1.20 to 0.6 at 720 nm.
Synthesis of Novel Polyfunctionally Substituted Thieno[2,3‐c]pyridazines
Authors: Gaber Abd El‐Aal M. , El‐Gaby Mohamed S. A. , El‐Dean Adel M. Kamal , Eyada Hassan A. , Al‐Kamali Ahmed S. N. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract4‐Cyano‐5,6‐dimethylpyridazin‐3‐(2H)‐thione 3b was used as a key intermediate for the synthesis of novel polysubstituted thieno[2,3‐c]pyridazines.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Several Natural Virologins
Authors: Su Ying , Ren Xin‐Feng , She Xue‐Gong , Pan Xin‐Fu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn enantioselective synthesis of Virologins 1‐(S and R), 2‐trans‐(S and R) and 3‐cis‐(S and R) were achieved by Mitsunobu reaction to construct a chiral center and Ando reagent to form cis‐olefin.
A Novel Preparation of 4‐Phenylquinoline Derivatives in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhang Xinying , Fan Xuesen , Wang Jianji , Li Yanzhen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA novel preparation of 4‐phenylquinoline derivatives through acid‐catalyzed Friedländer reaction in ionic liquid ([bmim][BF4]) is described. The preparative procedure presented in this paper is operationally simple and environmentally benign. The reaction media and the catalyst used can be recovered and reused for at least four times without loss in the catalytic activity.
Synthesis of New Furo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines and Pyrimido[4′,5′:4,5]furo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines
Authors: Moneam Maisa I. Abdel , Geies Ahmed A. , El‐Naggar Galal M. , Mousa Soliman M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSodium salt of 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2‐phenylpyrimidine‐5‐carbonitrile (3) was subjected to alkylation with different a‐halo compounds, where the corresponding O‐alkylated products 4a‐g were obtained. Ring closure of the O‐alkylated product 4a‐c performed using sodium ethoxide in refluxing ethanol afforded furo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines 5a‐c The latter compounds on reaction with a variety of reagents gave other new furopyrimidines as well as a number of furodipyrimidines.
First Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Mansonone P and R
Authors: Peng Xuanjia , She Xuegong , Wang Zikun , Quan Weiguo , Pan Xinfu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn asymmetric total synthesis of Mansonone P and R was achieved. The synthesis highlights an OH substituent at position 2 by Sharpless dihydroxylation of silyl enol ether.
Photohydrodimerization of 6‐Methoxyflavone to 6,6″‐Dimethoxy‐2,2″‐Biflavanones
Authors: Chen Arh‐Hwang , Kuo Wei‐Bao , Chen Chia‐Wen 
Published: May 2015

Abstract6‐Methoxyflavone (7) easily afforded two hydrodimers of rac‐6,6Prime;‐dimethoxy‐2,2″‐biflavanone (8a) and meso‐6,6″‐dimethoxy‐2,2″‐biflavanone (8b) and one reductive product of 6‐methoxyflavanone (9) by using photolysis with the electron‐donating amines including triethylamine, 2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethanol or N,N‐dimethylaniline in solvents of acetonitrile, benzene or methylene dichloride. They were found to give higher yields of rac‐6,6″‐dimethoxy‐2,2″‐biflavanone (8a) and meso‐6,6″‐dimethoxy‐2,2″‐biflavanone (8b) (38.7% and 4.5%, 35.3% and 6.2%, respectively) in the reaction conditions of 1/10 molar ratio of 6‐methoxy‐flavone (7) to triethylamine in a solvent of acetonitrile with irradiation of twenty‐four hours by using 306 nm and 352 nm lamps.
Correlation of Fluorescence Anisotropy Decay with Molecular Size and Shape of Covalently and Noncovalently Bound Large Porphyrin Arrays
Authors: Aratani Naoki , Yoon Zin Seok , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this account, we summarize the correlation of fluorescence anisotropy decay times with molecular size and shape of porphyrin aggregates.
Luminescent Transition Metal Polypyridine Biotin Complexes
Authors: Lo Kenneth Kam‐Wing , Hui Wai‐Ki , Chung Chi‐Keung , Tsang Keith Hing‐Kit , Lee Terence Kwok‐Ming , Ng Dominic Chun‐Ming 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn view of the fact that many transition metal complexes display intense and long‐lived metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer emission with a large Stokes' shift, we have incorporated biotin into a series of luminescent rhenium(I), iridium(III) and ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes to form new probes for the protein avidin. All these luminescent transition metal polypyridine biotin complexes displayed enhanced emission intensities and extended lifetimes upon binding to avidin. These changes are closely related to the hydrophobic biotin‐binding pockets of avidin and the increased rigidity of the local environment of the probes after they bind to the protein. We have exploited the characteristics of these luminescent transition metal biotin complexes in the development of various assays.
Acetylene Elimination in Photodissociation of Neutral Azulene and Its Cation: An Ab Initio and RRKM Study
Authors: Dyakov Yu. A. , Mebel A. M. , Lin S. H. , Lee Y. T. , Ni C.‐K. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe ab initio/Rice‐Ramsperger‐Kassel‐Marcus (RRKM) approach in conjunction with ab initio calculations of potential energy surfaces has been applied to investigate the photodissociation mechanism of azulene and its cation at 6.4 eV (wavelength 193 nm) upon absorption of one UV photon followed by internal conversion into the ground electronic state. Reaction pathways leading to several dissociation products have been mapped out at the Gaussian‐3 level and then the RRKM and microcanonical variational transition state theories have been applied to compute rate constants for individual reaction steps. Relative product yields (branching ratios) for dissociation products have been calculated to solve the system of master equations. It is established that the major dissociation channel of neutral azulene is H atom elimination. Pentalene and phenylacetylene as heavy fragments of acetylene elimination reaction could be observed with low yields. Azulene cation dissociates preferably through the pentalene channel. C10H7+, phenylacetylene, and benzocyclobutadiene cations can also be produced with comparable concentrations. Different kinetics of the acetylene elimination reaction have been revealed in the cases of neutral and charged azulene.
Hula‐Twist. A Stereoselective and Regioselective Photoisomerization Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Liu Robert S. H. , Yang Lan‐Ying , Hirata Cheryl , Liu Jin , Ho Tong‐Ing 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHula‐twist is a rapid diabatic process of photoisomerization. It is not volume‐demanding and its stereochemical consequence is simultaneous isomerization of a double and a single bond. Recent new examples include diene, styrene, stilbene, diphenylbutadiene and other derivatives in organic glasses at liquid nitrogen temperature. In systems where two different modes of HT are possible, a high regioselectivity was observed. Possible involvement of the volume‐conserving mechanism of isomerization in primary processes of photosensitive biopigments is discussed.
Quinoxalines Incorporating Triarylamines: Dipolar Electroluminescent Materials with Tunable Emission Characteristics
Authors: Huang Tai‐Hsiang , Whang Wha‐Tzong , Zheng He‐Gen , Lin Jiann T'Suen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDipolar compounds (abbreviated as QuPy) featuring quinoxaline acceptors and diarylamine or triarylamine donors were prepared via palladium‐catalyzed C‐N or C‐C bond formation in good yields. They possess high thermal stability with a high decomposition temperature (Td > 400 °C) and exhibit no crystalline character. The emission colors of the materials vary from green to orange red and are dependent on the nature of the electron‐withdrawing segments and solvents. Two types of double‐layer organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) were constructed using these dipolar compounds as hole‐transporting/emitting layers and TPBI or Alq3 as an electron‐transporting layer: (I) ITO/QuPy/Alq3/Mg: Ag and (II) ITO/QuPy/TPBI/Mg: Ag (TPBI = 1,3,5‐tris(N‐phenylbenzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐benzen; Alq3 = 1,3,5‐tris(N‐phenyl‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐benzene). The recombination zone in most of those devices were confined in the quinoxaline layers. The green to orange colors in these devices correspond well with the film PL of the material used. The relation between the energy levels of the compounds and the performance of the light‐emitting diode are discussed.
Ligand Dissociation Process from Myoglobin Monitored by the Time‐Resolved Volume Change
Authors: Terazima Masahide 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMolecular volume is a useful property to characterize the conformation and the intermolecular interaction. The time‐resolved transient grating technique allows us to study the time‐development of the molecular volume during protein reactions. Studies on the ligand escaping process of carboxymyoglobin at room temperature in liquid phase from a viewpoint of the time‐resolved volume change are reviewed.
Solvatochromism in Binary Solvent Mixtures by Means of a Penta‐tert‐butyl Pyridinium N‐Phenolate Betaine Dye
Authors: Mehranpour A. M. , Hashemnia S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe solvatochromic behavior of a penta‐tert‐butyl prydinium N‐phenolate betaine dye was studied using UV‐visible spectrophotometry in several binary mixture solvents. The solvent polarity parameter, ET (1) (kcal. mol−1) was calculated from the position of the longest‐wavelength intramolecular charge transfer absorption band of this penta‐tert‐butyl betaine dye.For binary solvent mixtures, all plots of ET (1) versus the mole fraction of a more polar component are nonlinear owing to preferential solvation of the probe by one component of the binary solvent mixture.In the computation of ET (1) it was assumed that the two solvents mixed interact to form a common structure with an ET (1) value not always intermediate between those of the two solvents mixed. The results obtained are explained by the strong synergism observed for some of the binary mixtures with strong hydrogen bond donors (HBD) solvents such as alcohols.
Anodic Oxidation Behaviors of Formaldehyde at Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes
Authors: Changa Chia‐Chin , Chena Li‐Chia , Liu Shyh‐Jiun , Tien Hsien‐Ju , Chang Hsien‐Chang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe electrochemical behaviors of formaldehyde (FA) at boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes are investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and linear scanning voltammetry (LSV) techniques. The CV results show that the oxidation reaction of FA is influenced by the hydroxyl concentration in the solution, and the peak current response with the FA concentration is linear at the range from 10 to 100 mM. The differential capacitance from EIS results indicate that the FA molecules adsorb at the BDD electrode surface at low potential (from 1.0 to 1.4 V). The kinetic studies have been examined with the various concentrations of FA, pH, and temperature. The activation energy of FA oxidation is also calculated. The results of kinetic study indicate that the adsorption of FA molecules at the BDD electrode is the rate‐determining step at low potential (from 1.0 to 1.40 V).
Synthesis and Mesogenic Properties of Liquid Crystals Containing Terminal Cyclohexylmethanol, Cyclopentylmethanol, Cyclobutylmethanol and Cyclopropylmethanol Moiety
Authors: Chen Jo‐Nan , Hsu Fang‐Ming , Wang Hui‐Chun , Wu Chung‐Wen , Cheng Pao‐Swu , Tsai Wen‐Liang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFour series of compounds 11˜50 containing terminal alicyclic rings such as cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, and cyclopropylmethyl rings were synthesized and their liquid crystal behavior studied. The ring size and the length of flexible alkoxy chain influence the phase formation in different ways. While the smaller ring and the shorter alkoxy chain tend to favor the formation of the N phase, the larger ring and the longer alkoxy chain tend to favor the formation of the SmC phase. All the compounds except 11 and 21 exhibit SmA phases. The widest temperature range of the N, SmA, and SmC phases are found in the compounds 41, 46, and 20, respectively, which are 75 °C for 41, 115 °C for 46, and 100 °C for 20.