bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an instrument to measure the competencies of health professionals in the process of evidence‐based healthcare: A Delphi study
Authors: Wang Shuang , Zhang Jiayi , wang Lijie , Liang Jin , Wu Xiaofen , Li Xiran , Zhang Lili , Wang Ning 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsTo identify and reach consensus on dimensions and criteria of a competence assessment instrument for health professionals in relation to the process of evidence‐based healthcare.DesignA two‐round Delphi survey was carried out from April to June 2023.MethodsConsensus was sought from an expert panel on the instrument preliminarily established based on the JBI Model of Evidence‐Based Healthcare and a rapid review of systematic reviews of relevant literature. The level of consensus was reflected by the concentration and coordination of experts' opinions and percentage of agreement. The instrument was revised significantly based on the combination of data analysis, the experts' comments and research group discussions.ResultsSixteen national and three international experts were involved in the first‐round Delphi survey and 17 experts participated in the second‐round survey. In both rounds, full consensus was reached on the four dimensions of the instrument, namely evidence‐generation, evidence‐synthesis, evidence‐transfer and evidence‐implementation. In round‐one, the instrument was revised from 77 to 61 items. In round‐two, the instrument was further revised to have 57 items under the four dimensions in the final version.ConclusionThe Delphi survey achieved consensus on the instrument. The validity and reliability of the instrument needs to be tested in future research internationally.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareSystematic assessment of nurses and other health professionals' competencies in different phases of evidence‐based healthcare process based on this instrument provides implications for their professional development and multidisciplinary team collaboration in evidence‐based practice and better care process and outcomes.ImpactThis study addresses a research gap of lacking an instrument to systematically assess interprofessional competencies in relation to the process of EBHC. The instrument covers the four phases of EBHC process with minimal criteria, highlighting essential aspects of ability to be developed. Identification of health professionals' level of competence in these aspects helps strengthen their capacity accordingly so as to promote virtuous EBHC ecosystem for the ending purpose of improving global healthcare outcomes.Reporting MethodThis study was reported in line with the Conducting and REporting of DElphi studies (CREDES) guidance on Delphi studies.Patient and Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Can interaction with generative artificial intelligence enhance learning autonomy? A longitudinal study from comparative perspectives of virtual companionship and knowledge acquisition preferences
Authors: Xie Zehang , Wu Xinzhu , Xie Yunxiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, generative AI has been widely used in the field of education and represents a groundbreaking shift in overcoming the constraints of time and space within educational activities. However, previous literature has not paid enough attention to AI‐involved teaching patterns, and it is necessary to evaluate the effects of this learning pattern.ObjectivesBased on the social presence theory and the community of inquiry model, the main purpose of this study is to evaluate whether and how interaction frequency with chatbots (IFC) affects people's learning autonomy (LA) under two preferences: knowledge acquisition and virtual companionship, and whether social presence (SP) plays a mediating role.MethodsThe 1‐year longitudinal study was designed to be conducted from May 2022 to May 2023 and included three rounds of surveys of 1155 undergraduate students on their use of robots for learning.Results and ConclusionsFor learners preferring virtual companionship, no direct correlation was found between IFC and LA. However, SP acted as a mediating factor, enhancing LA through increased chatbot interactions. This suggests that while direct interactions may not directly influence LA, the resulting SP can foster it. Conversely, for learners favouring knowledge acquisition, higher IFC negatively impacted both SP and LA. Despite this, a strong sense of SP consistently correlated positively with LA, indicating it could offset some negative effects of frequent chatbot use.
Efficacy and safety of topical minocycline foam (FMX101 4%) in treatment of Chinese subjects with moderate‐to‐severe facial acne vulgaris: A phase 3, multi‐centre, randomized, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled study
Authors: Le Yan , Yang Wenlin , Lu Jianyun , Jiang Xian , Guo Qing , Huang Chunyun , Sun Qing , Wang Huiping , Bi Mingye , Wang Haiying , Geng Songmei , Yang Bin , Xu Ai‐E , Cui Yong , Man Xiaoyong , Zhao Yi , Zhang Litao , Li Linfeng , Song Zhiqiang , Chen Jin , Cheng Hao , Zhu Wei , Han Xiuping , Li Shanshan , Lin Tong , Zhang Chunlei , Li Jiuhong , Li Yanling , Ding Yangfeng , Wang Linda , Zhu Yuefang , Xiang Leihong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundFMX101 4%, as a topical foam formulation of minocycline, has been approved by US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe acne vulgaris (AV).ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of FMX101 4% in treating Chinese subjects with moderate‐to‐severe facial AV.MethodsThis was a multi‐centre, randomized, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled phase 3 study in Chinese subjects with moderate‐to‐severe AV. Eligible subjects were randomized 2:1 to receive either FMX101 4% or vehicle foam treatment for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in inflammation lesion count (ILC) from baseline at week 12. The key secondary endpoint was the treatment success rate according to Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) at week 12.ResultsIn total, 372 subjects were randomized into two groups (FMX101 4% group, n = 248; vehicle group, n = 124). After 12 weeks treatment, the reduction in ILC from baseline was statistically significant in favour of FMX101 4%, compared with vehicle foam (−21.0 [0.08] vs. −12.3 [1.14]; LSM [SE] difference, −8.7 [1.34]; 95% CI [−11.3, −6.0]; p < 0.001). FMX101 4% treatment yielded significantly higher IGA treatment success rate at week 12 as compared to the control treatment (8.06% vs. 0%). Applying FMX101 4% also resulted in significant reduction in noninflammatory lesion count (nILC) versus vehicle foam at week 12 (−19.4 [1.03] vs. −14.9 [1.47]; LSM [SE] difference, −4.5 [1.74]; 95% CI [−8.0, −1.1]; p = 0.009). Most treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild‐to‐moderate in severity, and no treatment‐related treatment‐emergent serious adverse event (TESAE) occurred. Thus, FMX101 4% was considered to be a safe and well‐tolerated product during the 12‐week treatment period.ConclusionFMX101 4% treatment for 12 weeks could lead to significantly reduced ILC and nILC, and improved IGA treatment success rate in Chinese subjects with moderate‐to‐severe facial AV. It also showed a well acceptable safe and tolerability profile.
APOE epsilon variants and composite risk of dementia, disability, and death in the health and retirement study
Authors: Clocchiatti‐Tuozzo Santiago , Szejko Natalia , Rivier Cyprien A. , Renedo Daniela , Huo Shufan , Sheth Kevin N. , Gill Thomas M. , Falcone Guido J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundClinical trials in older adults are increasingly focused on functional outcomes, and the composite outcome of dementia, disability, and death is gaining pivotal importance. Genetic variation, particularly the APOE epsilon(ε) variants, may modify responses to new treatments. Although APOE ε4 is known to influence these outcomes separately, the magnitude of its effect on this composite outcome remains unknown. We tested the hypothesis that APOE ε4 increases, whereas APOE ε2 decreases, the risk of a composite outcome of dementia, disability, and death.MethodsWe evaluated clinical and genomic data from the Health and Retirement Study collected from 1992 to 2020. We used variants rs429358 and rs7412 to determine APOE genotypes, modeled dominantly (carriers/noncarriers). We conducted survival analysis, using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models with a composite endpoint of dementia, disability, and death. Our primary analysis evaluated participants with genetic data and no previous dementia or disability. In secondary analyses, we focused on persons aged > = 75 years without heart disease or stroke, a subpopulation increasingly important in clinical trials of older adults.ResultsWe included 14,527 participants in the primary analysis. Over a median of 18 (Interquartile Range [IQR] 12–24) years, 6711 (46%) participants developed the composite outcome. In Cox analyses, APOE ε4 associated with higher risk (HR:1.15, 95%CI:1.09–1.22) of the composite outcome, whereas APOE ε2 associated with lower risk (HR:0.92, 95%CI:0.86–0.99). In the secondary analysis, we included 3174 participants. Over a median of 7 (IQR 4–11) years, 1326 participants (42%) developed the composite outcome. In Cox analyses, APOE ε4 associated with higher risk (HR:1.25, 95%CI:1.10–1.41) of the composite outcome, whereas APOE ε2 associated with lower risk (HR:0.84, 95%CI:0.71–0.98).ConclusionsAPOE ε variants are linked to the risk of dementia, disability, and death in older adults. By examining these variants in clinical trials, we can better elucidate how they might alter the effectiveness of tested interventions. Importantly, this genetic information could help identify participants who may have greater absolute benefit from such interventions.
Direct access to specific autobiographical memories is lower in healthy middle‐aged to older adult Apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers compared to non‐carriers
Authors: Knoff Aubrey A. W. , Bowles Bailey , Andrews‐Hanna Jessica R. , Grilli Matthew D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent research suggests that the retrieval of autobiographical memories among cognitively healthy middle‐aged and older adults is sensitive to the Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) allele, a genetic marker that increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. However, whether the APOE4‐associated alteration in autobiographical memory retrieval encompasses rapid (i.e. direct retrieval) or iterative (i.e. generative retrieval) processes remains unclear. In the present study, 39 APOE4 carriers and 45 non‐carriers (ages 60–80) who scored within normal limits on neuropsychological testing were cued to generate specific autobiographical events. We examined group differences in direct and generative retrieval and correlated direct and generative retrieval rates with performance on neuropsychological tests. Direct retrieval rates were lower in the APOE4 carriers compared to non‐carriers. Episodic memory positively correlated with direct retrieval rates across the sample, though this relationship became non‐significant when factoring in age and sex. There were no significant findings related to successful generative retrieval rates and its efficiency. In summary, compared to non‐carriers, cognitively unimpaired middle‐aged to older adult APOE4 carriers demonstrated greater difficulty, rapidly reconstructing specific autobiographical events without the support of semantic memory, suggesting that early autobiographical memory retrieval processes demonstrate vulnerability to AD‐related risk factors.
Oral Candida in post‐radiotherapy patients with xerostomia/hyposalivation: A narrative review
Authors: Bhumitrakul Jom , Lam‐ubol Aroonwan , Matangkasombut Oranart 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveHead and Neck Cancer (HNC) patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) often suffer from xerostomia and/or hyposalivation. As saliva plays an important antimicrobial and cleansing roles, these patients are at higher risks of opportunistic infections. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of current evidence on oral Candida colonisation and infection in these patients.MethodsA literature review of clinical studies on oral Candida colonisation and candidiasis in HNC patients receiving radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy was conducted.ResultsMany clinical studies found high levels of Candida colonisation and a substantial proportion of post‐RT HNC patients suffering from oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC). Importantly, oral Candida could be a reservoir for life‐threatening systemic infection in immunocompromised patients. The rising prevalence of non‐albicans Candida species and drug‐resistant infections has made identification of Candida species and antifungal susceptibility more important. Recent advances in oral microbiome and its interactions with Candida are discussed. This review also offers perspectives on limitations of current evidence and suggestions for future research.ConclusionFurther research to better understand Candida carriage, microbiome, OPC, and xerostomia/hyposalivation post‐RT would aid in devising a more comprehensive long‐term management plan and novel therapeutic approaches for HNC patients to achieve the full benefits of RT while minimising side effects.
Partner support behaviors and relationship quality in interracial and intraracial Black romantic relationships
Authors: From Annika , Banks Jasmine , Edelstein Robin S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA convergent, mixed‐methods design was used to understand associations between partner behaviors and relationship quality among people in interracial and intraracial romantic relationships. Across two samples, 224 individuals (including 55 couples) who were in a relationship in which they and/or their partner identified as Black completed measures of perceived partner responsiveness, partner responses to stress, and relationship quality. Participants in the first sample also provided open‐ended responses about the role of race in their relationship. Participants who reported higher partner responsiveness, more supportive partner responses to their stress, better overall dyadic coping, and fewer unsupportive partner responses to their stress reported higher relationship quality. The strength of the associations for perceived partner responsiveness and partner responses to stress with relationship quality did not differ based on the racial composition of the relationship. Qualitative responses revealed additional support processes and barriers to support that may be unique to different relationship compositions. These findings expand understanding of the most effective support behaviors that Black individuals and their romantic partners use in their relationships and illuminate how support processes might differ depending on an individual's race and the race of their partner.
Ascorbate, plant hormones and their interactions during plant responses to biotic stress
Authors: Singh Kalpita , Gupta Ravi , Shokat Sajid , Iqbal Nadeem , Kocsy Gábor , Pérez‐Pérez José Manuel , Riyazuddin Riyazuddin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlants can experience a variety of environmental stresses that significantly impact their fitness and survival. Additionally, biotic stress can harm agriculture, leading to reduced crop yields and economic losses worldwide. As a result, plants have developed defense strategies to combat potential invaders. These strategies involve regulating redox homeostasis. Several studies have documented the positive role of plant antioxidants, including Ascorbate (Asc), under biotic stress conditions. Asc is a multifaceted antioxidant that scavenges ROS, acts as a co‐factor for different enzymes, regulates gene expression, and facilitates iron transport. However, little attention has been given to Asc and its transport, regulatory effects, interplay with phytohormones, and involvement in defense processes under biotic stress. Asc interacts with other components of the redox system and phytohormones to activate various defense responses that reduce the growth of plant pathogens and promote plant growth and development under biotic stress conditions. Scientific reports indicate that Asc can significantly contribute to plant resistance against biotic stress through mutual interactions with components of the redox and hormonal systems. This review focuses on the role of Asc in enhancing plant resistance against pathogens. Further research is necessary to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular regulatory processes involved.
‘Minding the pentecostal paradox’: Currents and cross‐currents in pentecostal studies in Africa (PenteSA)
Authors: Kaunda Chammah J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEmploying the pentecostal paradox motif, this survey engages the literature on African Pentecostalism across a spectrum of disciplines in both humanities and social sciences. Utilising a thematic cluster as analytical approach, the study posits that African Pentecostalism represents a decolonial shift from an era of mere beliefs to the era of the dispensation of the Spirit. African Pentecostalism emphasises post‐indigenous and transrational appropriations of the gospel, situated within specific historical and cultural contexts. The study concludes by zooming in on the imperative for scholars on Pentecostal studies in Africa (PenteSA) to be mindful of 'the pentecostal paradox', urging them to recognise their roles as a prophetic vocation.
Tectono‐sedimentary history of the upper Cedar Mountain Formation, Central Utah, USA
Authors: Tucker Ryan T. , King M. Ryan , Mohr Michael T. , Renaut Ray K. , Crowley James L. , Fekete Jack W. , Makovicky Peter J. , Zanno Lindsay E. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTCurrent investigations into the Albian–Cenomanian sedimentary record within the Western Interior have identified multiple complex tectono‐sedimentary process–response systems during the ongoing evolution of North America. One key sedimentary succession, the upper Cedar Mountain Formation (Short Canyon Member and Mussentuchit Member), has historically been linked to various regionally and continentally significant tectonic events, including Sevier fold‐and‐thrust deformation. However, the linkage between the Short Canyon Member and active Sevier tectonism has been unclear due to a lack of high‐precision age constraints. To establish temporal context, this study compares maximum depositional ages from detrital zircons recovered from the Short Canyon Member with that of a modified Bayesian age stratigraphic model (top‐down) to infer that the Short Canyon Member was deposited at ca 100 Ma, penecontemporaneous with rejuvenated thrusting across Utah [Pavant (Pahvant), Iron Springs and Nebo thrusts]. These also indicate a short depositional hiatus with the lowermost portion of the overlying Mussentuchit Member. The Short Canyon Member and Mussentuchit Member preserve markedly different sedimentary successions, with the Short Canyon Member interpreted to be composed of para‐autochthonous orogen–transverse (across the Sevier highlands) clastics deposited within a series of stacked distributive fluvial fans. Meanwhile, the muddy paralic Mussentuchit Member was a mix of orogen–transverse (Sevier highlands and Cordilleran Arc) and orogen–parallel basinal sediments and suspension settling fines within the developing collisional foredeep. However, the informally named last chance sandstone (middle sandstone of the Mussentuchit Member) is identified as an orogen–transverse sandy debris flow originating from the Sevier highlands, similar to the underlying Short Canyon Member. During this phase of landscape evolution, the Short Canyon Member – Mussentuchit Member depocentre was a sedimentary conduit system that would fertilize the Western Interior Seaway with ash‐rich sediments. These volcaniclastic contributions, along with penecontemporaneous deposits across the western coastal margin of the Western Interior Seaway, eventually would have lowered oxygen content and resulted in a contributing antecedent trigger for the Cenomanian–Turonian transition Oceanic Anoxic Event 2.
Developmental trajectories of non‐suicidal self‐injury in adolescence: The effect of social support and socioeconomic status
Authors: Liu Jinmeng , Gao Yemiao , Liu Xia , Wang Hui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNon‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) in early adolescence has been amply documented. However, there has been little research on the progression of NSSI over time. Most studies have focused on the risk factors for NSSI, with less attention devoted to understanding the role of protective factors. This paper aimed to expand existing knowledge about the development of NSSI, with an emphasis on the impacts of protective factors such as social support and socioeconomic status (SES).MethodsA total of 436 adolescents completed self‐report surveys that addressed social support including friend, family, and teacher support, objective and subjective SES, and NSSI at three different points in time for 2 years.ResultsLatent growth curve analyses revealed that NSSI increased across early adolescence to mid‐adolescence. Support from friends and family negatively predicted adolescents' initial NSSI level. Furthermore, subjective SES negatively predicted the rate of NSSI.ConclusionsThese findings contribute to an understanding of the influences of both social support and SES on NSSI over time. NSSI interventions and education should include considerations of both the value of support from friends and family as well as subjective SES.
An ‘interface first’ bureaucracy: Interface design, universal credit and the digital welfare state
Authors: Meers Jed , Halliday Simon , Tomlinson Joe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe front‐line of the welfare state is increasingly not a letter, phone call or face‐to‐face visit, but an online user‐interface. This ‘interface first’ bureaucracy is a fundamental reshaping of social security administration, but the design and operation of these interfaces is poorly understood. Drawing on interview data from senior civil servants, welfare benefits advisors and claimants on the UK's flagship Universal Credit working‐age benefit, this paper is a detailed analysis of the role played by interfaces in the modern welfare state. Providing examples from across the Universal Credit system, it sets out a five‐fold typology of user‐interface design elements in the social security context: (i) structuring data input, (ii) interaction architecture, (iii) operative controls, (iv) prompting and priming, and (v) integrations. The paper concludes by considering the implications of an ‘interface first’ welfare bureaucracy for future research.