bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome response to infraorbital nerve transection in the gonadally intact male rat barrel cortex: RNA‐seq
Authors: Orczyk John J. , Sethia Rishabh , Doster Dominique , Garraghty Preston E. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe effects of infraorbital nerve (ION) transection on gene expression in the adult male rat barrel cortex were investigated using RNA sequencing. After a 24‐hour survival duration, 98 genes were differentially regulated by ION transection. Differentially expressed genes suggest changes in neuronal activity, excitability, and morphology. The production of mRNA for neurotrophins, including brain‐derived neurotrophin factor (BNDF), was decreased following ION transection. Several potassium channels showed decreased mRNA production, whereas a sodium channel (NaVβ4) associated with burst firing showed increased mRNA production. The results may have important implications for phantom‐limb pain and complex regional pain syndrome. Future experiments should determine the extent to which changes in RNA result in changes in protein expression, in addition to utilizing laser capture microdissection techniques to differentiate between neuronal and glial cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:152–159, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nature of Noncovalent Carbon‐Bonding Interactions Derived from Experimental Charge‐Density Analysis
Authors: Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio , Ballester Pablo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn an effort to better understand the nature of noncovalent carbon‐bonding interactions, we undertook accurate high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction analysis of single crystals of 1,1,2,2‐tetracyanocyclopropane. We selected this compound to study the fundamental characteristics of carbon‐bonding interactions, because it provides accessible σ holes. The study required extremely accurate experimental diffraction data, because the interaction of interest is weak. The electron‐density distribution around the carbon nuclei, as shown by the experimental maps of the electrophilic bowl defined by a (CN)2CC(CN)2unit, was assigned as the origin of the interaction. This fact was also evidenced by plotting the Δ2ρ(r) distribution. Taken together, the obtained results clearly indicate that noncovalent carbon bonding can be explained as an interaction between confronted oppositely polarized regions. The interaction is, thus electrophilic–nucleophilic (electrostatic) in nature and unambiguously considered as attractive.
High‐Performance Aqueous/Organic Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Sensitizers Containing Triethylene Oxide Methyl Ether
Authors: Lin Ryan Yeh‐Yung , Wu Feng‐Ling , Li Chun‐Ting , Chen Pei‐Yu , Ho Kuo‐Chuan , Lin Jiann T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMetal‐free dyes (EO1 to EO4) containing the hydrophilic triethylene oxide methyl ether (TEOME) unit in the spacer have been synthesized and used in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Efficient lithium‐ion trapping by TEOME results in improved open‐circuit voltage (VOC), leading to excellent conversion efficiency of the cells, ranging from 9.02 to 9.98 % with I−/I3− electrolyte in acetonitrile under AM 1.5 illumination. The TEOME unit also enhances the wettability of the dye molecules for application in aqueous‐based DSSCs. Aqueous‐based DSSCs with a dual TEMPO/iodide electrolyte exhibit high VOC values (0.80–0.88 V) and very promising cell performances of up to 5.97 %.
The Role of Engos in Environmental Litigation: A French case study
Authors: Bentata Pierre , Faure Michael 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBoth lawyers and economists are enthusiastic about the role of environmental non‐governmental organizations (ENGOs). However, when dealing with ENGOs, most academic studies focus only on their actions as interest/pressure groups and no systematic empirical research exists addressing the question of how ENGOs use environmental litigation and courts to fill their goals. In this article, we try to observe whether ENGOs have specific goals and specific strategies in trials. We do this on the basis of a unique database consisting of the entire set of environmental cases judged by the French Supreme Court during 1956–2010. We conclude that ENGOs' legal actions encourage compliance with regulation and help solve civil liability failures, especially causal uncertainty and victims' apathy. Finally, we observe that ENGOs act as latent interest groups that become active only under specific circumstances to ask for more stringent regulation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Stepwise Synthesis of Siloxane‐Substituted Oligoarsanes and Structural Investigation of Alkaline Earth Metal Derivatives
Authors: Clobes Christian , Jerabek Paul , Nußbruch Isabell , Frenking Gernot , von Hänisch Carsten 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe reaction between [Li(dme)AsH2] and (ClSiiPr2)2O gives a mixture of two products: the primary diarsanyldisiloxan (H2AsSiiPr2)2O (5) and the cyclic diarsanylsiloxane (HAsSiiPr2)2O (6). Through metallation of the mixture, the deprotonated species of both compounds could be obtained and isolated. Further reactions between the two metallated cyclic diarsanylsiloxanes (compounds 9 and 10) and (ClSiiPr2)2O both lead to the bicyclic compound As2[(iPr2Si)2O]2 (11). Subsequent oxidative coupling of 9 or 10 with C2H4Br2 as reagent leads to intermolecular As–As bond formation, yielding the quite remarkable compound As6[(iPr2Si)2O]3 (12), which features two siloxane‐bridged As3 rings. Compounds 5–12 were characterized by NMR, elemental analysis and X‐ray crystallography. Quantum chemical calculations were carried out to investigate the formation of the different products when arsenic (compound 12) is substituted by phosphorus (compound 4) in the final oxidation reaction of the cyclic compounds (HESiiPr2)2O. The calculations suggest a reaction path leading to 4 that is in agreement with experimental observations. The theoretical data also provide information that explains the experimental finding that two different products for E = P and E = As are formed under the same oxidative reaction conditions.
Arsenical C‐Glucoside Derivatives with Promising Antitumor Activity
Authors: D'Orazio Giuseppe , Parisi Gelsomina , Policano Claudia , Mechelli Rosella , Codacci Pisanelli Giovanni , Pitaro Michele , Ristori Giovanni , Salvetti Marco , Nicotra Francesco , La Ferla Barbara 
Published: June 2015

AbstractC‐Glucoside derivatives covalently linked to the arsenic atom in different oxidation states have been synthesized by avoiding protection‐deprotection steps. While compound 1, bearing an AsV atom, did not show any significant biological activity, compound 2, in which the glucose moiety is linked to the arsenic atom as dithioarsenical (AsIII), showed promising antiproliferative activity on a cell line of neuroblastoma (SK‐N‐BE).
Au/NaYF4 : Yb,Er Binary Superparticles: Synthesis and Optical Properties
Authors: Zhao Junwei , Wu Jian , Xue Junfei , Zhu Qiannan , Ni Weihai 
Published: June 2015

AbstractColloidal superparticles (SPs) are nanoparticle (NP) assemblies in the form of colloidal particles. Assembling nanoscopic objects into mesoscopic or macroscopic composite architectures allows for the bottom‐up fabrication of functional nanomaterials. In this study, a method for single‐step self‐assembly synthesis of Au/NaYF4 : Yb,Er SPs was developed using oil‐in‐water (O/W) microemulsions to simultaneously encapsulate gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and NaYF4 : Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) via evaporation at room temperature. The synthesized Au/NaYF4 : Yb,Er SPs possess good dispersibility and stability. When the number of AuNPs added is increased, the SPs exhibit decreased upconversion luminescence, which can be ascribed to the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the NaYF4 : Yb,Er UCNPs to the AuNPs. Time‐resolved measurements of the green emission further confirm the existence of a new decay route corresponding to the FRET process. Our research provides a facile and versatile strategy for the synthesis of novel multifunctional nanocomposites with tunable upconversion luminescence properties, which can be of great significance in biological applications.
Efficient Electron Transfer Processes and Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity of Cobalt(II) Porphyrin Anchored on Graphene Oxide
Authors: Cho Sung , Lim Jong Min , You Jung‐Min , Jeon Seungwon , Kim Dongho 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe investigated the electronic perturbation between graphene oxide and cobalt porphyrin to reveal the origin of the enhanced electrocatalytic activity of a hybrid complex using time‐resolved spectroscopic measurements and theoretical calculations. The impulsively generated charge‐separated state, GO−‐(CoIIAPFP)+, undergoes fast charge recombination (<10 ps) between GO− and (CoIIAPFP)+ moieties. This fast charge recombination is directly related to the quick neutralization of (CoIIAPFP)+, which shortens the dead time of inactive CoIIIAPFP after the electrocatalytic reduction reaction. The fast transformation of inactive CoIIIAPFP to active CoIIAPFP is an important factor in the enhanced electrocatalytic activity of the hybrid complex.
Biphasic decline of β‐cell function with age in euglycemic nonobese diabetic mice parallels diabetes onset
Authors: Cechin Sirlene R. , Lopez‐Ocejo Omar , Karpinsky‐Semper Darla , Buchwald Peter 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA gradual decline in insulin response is known to precede the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D). To track age‐related changes in the β‐cell function of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, the most commonly used animal model for T1D, and to establish differences between those who do and do not become hyperglycemic, we performed a long‐term longitudinal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) study (10–42 weeks) in combination with immunofluorescence imaging of islet morphology and cell proliferation. We observed a clear biphasic decline in insulin secretion (AUC0–30 min) even in euglycemic animals. A first phase (10–28 weeks) consisted of a relatively rapid decline and paralleled diabetes development in the same cohort of animals. This was followed by a second phase (29–42 weeks) during which insulin secretion declined much slower while no additional animals became diabetic. Blood glucose profiles showed a corresponding, but less pronounced change: the area under the concentration curve (AUC0–150 min) increased with age, and fit with a bilinear model indicated a rate‐change in the trendline around 28 weeks. In control NOD scids, no such changes were observed. Islet morphology also changed with age as islets become surrounded by mononuclear infiltrates, and, in all mice, islets with immune cell infiltration around them showed increased β‐cell proliferation. In conclusion, insulin secretion declines in a biphasic manner in all NOD mice. This trend, as well as increased β‐cell proliferation, is present even in the NODs that never become diabetic, whereas, it is absent in control NOD scid mice. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(8):634–644, 2015
Electromagnetic stirring in a microbioreactor with non‐conventional chamber morphology and implementation of multiplexed mixing
Authors: Tan Christabel KL , Davies Matthew J , McCluskey Daniel K , Munro Ian R , Nweke Mauryn C , Tracey Mark C , Szita Nicolas 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrobioreactors have emerged as novel tools for early bioprocess development. Mixing lies at the heart of bioreactor operation (at all scales). The successful implementation of micro‐stirring methods is thus central to the further advancement of microbioreactor technology. The aim of this study was to develop a micro‐stirring method that aids robust microbioreactor operation and facilitates cost‐effective parallelization.RESULTSA microbioreactor was developed with a novel micro‐stirring method involving the movement of a magnetic bead by sequenced activation of a ring of electromagnets. The micro‐stirring method offers flexibility in chamber designs, and mixing is demonstrated in cylindrical, diamond and triangular shaped reactor chambers. Mixing was analyzed for different electromagnet on/off sequences; mixing times of 4.5 s, 2.9 s, and 2.5 s were achieved for cylindrical, diamond and triangular shaped chambers, respectively. Ease of micro‐bubble free priming, a typical challenge of cylindrical shaped microbioreactor chambers, was obtained with a diamond‐shaped chamber. Consistent mixing behavior was observed between the constituent reactors in a duplex system.CONCLUSIONA novel stirring method using electromagnetic actuation offering rapid mixing and easy integration with microbioreactors was characterized. The design flexibility gained enables fabrication of chambers suitable for microfluidic operation, and a duplex demonstrator highlights potential for cost‐effective parallelization. Combined with a previously published cassette‐like fabrication of microbioreactors, these advances will facilitate the development of robust and parallelized microbioreactors. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Long‐term and perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic versus open liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with propensity score matching: a multi‐institutional Japanese study
Authors: Takahara Takeshi , Wakabayashi Go , Beppu Toru , Aihara Arihiro , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Gotohda Naoto , Hatano Etsuro , Tanahashi Yoshinao , Mizuguchi Toru , Kamiyama Toshiya , Ikeda Tetsuo , Tanaka Shogo , Taniai Nobuhiko , Baba Hideo , Tanabe Minoru , Kokudo Norihiro , Konishi Masaru , Uemoto Shinji , Sugioka Atsushi , Hirata Koichi , Taketomi Akinobu , Maehara Yoshihiko , Kubo Shoji , Uchida Eiji , Miyata Hiroaki , Nakamura Masafumi , Kaneko Hironori , Yamaue Hiroki , Miyazaki Masaru , Takada Tadahiro 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the long‐term outcomes and perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) with those of open liver resection (OLR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between well‐matched patient groups.MethodsHepatocellular carcinoma patients underwent primary liver resection between 2000 and 2010, were collected from 31 participating institutions in Japan and were divided into LLR (n = 436) and OLR (n = 2969) groups. A one‐to‐one propensity case‐matched analysis was used with covariates of baseline characteristics, including tumor characteristics and surgical procedures of hepatic resections. Long‐term and short‐term outcomes were compared between the matched two groups.ResultsThe two groups were well balanced by propensity score matching and 387 patients were matched. There were no significant differences in overall survival and disease‐free survival between LLR and OLR. The median blood loss (158 g vs. 400 g, P < 0.001) was significantly less with LLR, and the median postoperative hospital stay (13 days vs. 16 days, P < 0.001) was significantly shorter for LLR. Complication rate (6.7% vs. 13.0%, P = 0.003) was significantly less in LLR.ConclusionCompared with OLR, LLR in selected patients with HCC showed similar long‐term outcomes, associated with less blood loss, shorter hospital stay, and fewer postoperative complications.
Tremor in the elderly: Essential and aging‐related tremor
Authors: Deuschl Günther , Petersen Inge , Lorenz Delia , Christensen Kaare 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundIsolated tremor in the elderly is commonly diagnosed as essential tremor (ET). The prevalence of tremor increases steeply with increasing age, whereas hereditary tremor is becoming less common. Moreover, late‐manifesting tremor seems to be associated with dementia and earlier mortality. We hypothesize that different entities underlie tremor in the elderly.MethodsTwo thousand four hundred forty‐eight subjects from the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins older than 70 y answered screening questions for ET in 2001. Two thousand fifty‐six (84%) participants drew Archimedes spirals to measure their tremor severity, and classical aging phenotypes were assessed. A subgroup of 276 individuals fulfilling either screening criteria for ET or being controls were personally assessed. Medications and mortality data are available.ResultsThe spiral score increased with age. The spiral score correlated with tremor severity. For the whole cohort, mortality was significantly correlated with the spiral score, and higher spiral scores were associated with lower physical and cognitive functioning. Multivariate analysis identified higher spiral scores as an independent risk factor for mortality. In contrast, the ET patients did not show an increased but rather a lower mortality rate although it was not statistically significant. Consistent with a slower than normal aging, they were also physically and cognitively better functioning than controls.ConclusionsBecause incident tremors beyond 70 y of age show worse aging parameters and mortality than controls and ET, we propose to label it ‘aging‐related tremor’ (ART). This tremor starts later in life and is accompanied by subtle signs of aging both cognitively and physically. More detailed clinical features and pathogenesis warrant further assessment. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Skeletal muscle interleukin‐6 regulates metabolic factors in iWAT during HFD and exercise training
Authors: Knudsen Jakob G. , Bertholdt Lærke , Joensen Ella , Lassen Signe B. , Hidalgo Juan , Pilegaard Henriette 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of skeletal muscle (SkM) interleukin (IL)‐6 in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism.MethodsMuscle‐specific IL‐6 knockout (IL‐6 MKO) and IL‐6loxP/loxP (Floxed) mice were subjected to standard rodent diet (Chow), high‐fat diet (HFD), or HFD in combination with exercise training (HFD ExTr) for 16 weeks.ResultsTotal fat mass increased (P < 0.05) in both genotypes with HFD. However, HFD IL‐6 MKO mice had lower (P < 0.05) inguinal adipose tissue (iWAT) mass than HFD Floxed mice. Accordingly, iWAT glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein content, 5′AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK)Thr172 phosphorylation, and fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA content were lower (P < 0.05) in IL‐6 MKO than Floxed mice on Chow. In addition, iWAT AMPKThr172 and hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL)Ser565 phosphorylation as well as perilipin protein content was higher (P < 0.05) in HFD IL‐6 MKO than HFD Floxed mice, and pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α (PDH‐E1α) protein content was higher (P < 0.05) in HFD ExTr IL‐6 MKO than HFD ExTr Floxed mice.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that SkM IL‐6 affects iWAT mass through regulation of glucose uptake capacity as well as lipogenic and lipolytic factors.
Transmission parameters optimization and receiver architectures for DVB‐S2X systems
Authors: Cioni Stefano , Colavolpe Giulio , Mignone Vittoria , Modenini Andrea , Morello Alberto , Ricciulli Michelangelo , Ugolini Alessandro , Zanettini Yuri 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe second‐generation specification of the digital video broadcasting for satellite (DVB‐S2) was developed in 2003 with the aim of improving the existent broadcasting standard DVB‐S. The main new features introduced by DVB‐S2 included increased baud rates, higher cardinality constellations (up to 32 points), and more efficient binary codes. The extension to DVB‐S2, approved in 2014 with the name DVB‐S2X, together with continuous technological evolution, moves further steps in this direction, with the use of constellations with cardinality up to 256 points, improved granularity of modulation and coding schemes, and the possibility to increase the baud rate. In this scenario, it is important to be able to ascertain what is the best transceiver structure, starting from the choice of the shaping pulse and the baud rate of the transmitted signals and ending with the most promising receiver architectures, with the aim of maximizing the spectral efficiency. In this paper, we will discuss some of the aspects of this investigation, namely, the optimization of transmission parameters and the description of an efficient receiver. We will then assess the performance of the proposed scheme in comparison with a classical DVB‐S2 architecture. Some synchronization aspects will also be discussed, to account for the impairments introduced by the channel. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Context Matters for Social‐Emotional Learning: Examining Variation in Program Impact by Dimensions of School Climate
Authors: McCormick Meghan P. , Cappella Elise , O’Connor Erin E. , McClowry Sandee G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper examines whether three dimensions of school climate—leadership, accountability, and safety/respect—moderated the impacts of the INSIGHTS program on students’ social‐emotional, behavioral, and academic outcomes. Twenty‐two urban schools and N = 435 low‐income racial/ethnic minority students were enrolled in the study and received intervention services across the course of 2 years, in both kindergarten and first grade. Intervention effects on math and reading achievement were larger for students enrolled in schools with lower overall levels of leadership, accountability, and safety/respect at baseline. Program impacts on disruptive behaviors were greater in schools with lower levels of accountability at baseline; impacts on sustained attention were greater in schools with lower levels of safety/respect at baseline. Implications for Social‐Emotional Learning program implementation, replication, and scale‐up are discussed.
Education and Lifetime Earnings in the United States
Authors: Tamborini Christopher R. , Kim ChangHwan , Sakamoto Arthur 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Differences in lifetime earnings by educational attainment have been of great research and policy interest. Although a large literature examines earnings differences by educational attainment, research on lifetime earnings—which refers to total accumulated earnings from entry into the labor market until retirement—remains limited because of the paucity of adequate data. Using data that match respondents in the Survey of Income and Program Participation to their longitudinal tax earnings as recorded by the Social Security Administration, we estimate the 50-year work career effects of education on lifetime earnings for men and women. By overcoming the purely synthetic cohort approach, our results provide a more realistic appraisal of actual patterns of lifetime earnings. Detailed estimates are provided for gross lifetime earnings by education; net lifetime earnings after controlling for covariates associated with the probability of obtaining a bachelor’s degree; and the net present 50-year lifetime value of education at age 20. In addition, we provide estimates that include individuals with zero earnings and disability. We also assess the adequacy of the purely synthetic cohort approach, which uses age differences in earnings observed in cross-sectional surveys to approximate lifetime earnings. Overall, our results confirm the persistent positive effects of higher education on earnings over different stages of the work career and over a lifetime, but also reveal notably smaller net effects on lifetime earnings compared with previously reported estimates. We discuss the implications of these and other findings.
Association of National Healthcare Safety Network–Defined Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections With Alternate Sources of Fever
Authors: Leekha Surbhi , Preas Michael Anne , Hebden Joan 
Published: June 2015

Presented in part: 20th Annual Meeting of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America; Dallas, Texas; April 1–4, 2011.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;36(10):1236–1238