bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vapors in the ambient—A complication in tribological studies or an engineering solution of tribological problems?
Authors: Alazizi Ala , Barthel Anthony J. , Surdyka Nicholas D. , Luo Jiawei , Kim Seong H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTribology involves not only two-body contacts of two solid materials—a substrate and a counter-surface; it often involves three-body contacts whether the third body is intentionally introduced or inevitably added during the sliding or rubbing. The intentionally added third body could be lubricant oil or engineered nano-material used to mitigate the friction and wear of the sliding contact. The inevitably added third body could be wear debris created from the substrate or the counter surface during sliding. Even in the absence of any solid third-body between the sliding surfaces, molecular adsorption of water or organic vapors from the surrounding environment can dramatically alter the friction and wear behavior of solid surfaces tested in the absence of lubricant oils. This review article covers the last case: the effects of molecular adsorption on sliding solid surfaces both inevitably occurring due to the ambient test and intentionally introduced as a solution for engineering problems. We will review how adsorbed molecules can change the course of wear and friction, as well as the mechanical and chemical behavior, of a wide range of materials under sliding conditions.
Energy dissipation of atomic-scale friction based on one-dimensional Prandtl-Tomlinson model
Authors: Wang Zi-Jian , Ma Tian-Bao , Hu Yuan-Zhong , Xu Liang , Wang Hui 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The energy transition and dissipation of atomic-scale friction are investigated using the one-dimensional Prandtl-Tomlinson model. A systematic study of the factors influencing the energy dissipation is conducted, indicating that the energy that accumulated during the stick stage does not always dissipate completely during stick-slip motion. We adopt the energy-dissipation ratio (EDR) to describe the relationship between the energy dissipated permanently in the system and the conservative reversible energy that can be reintroduced to the driving system after the slip process. The EDR can change continuously from 100% to 0, covering the stick-slip, intermediate, and smooth-sliding regimes, depending on various factors such as the stiffness, potential-energy corrugation, damping coefficient, sliding velocity, and the temperature of the system. Among these, the parameter η, which depends on both the surface potential and the lateral stiffness, is proven in this paper to have the most significant impact on the EDR. According to η-T phase diagrams of the EDR, the smooth-sliding superlubricity and thermolubricity are found to be unified with regard to the energy dissipation and transition. An analytical formulation for the EDR that can be used to quantitatively predict the amount of energy dissipation is derived from a lateral-force curve.
Coverage of the Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic on YouTube
Authors: Basch Corey H. , Basch Charles E. , Ruggles Kelly V. , Hammond Rodney 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe recent Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in 2014–2015 has been the largest and longest lasting to date. Media coverage about the outbreak has been extensive, but there are large gaps in our understanding of the ways in which widely accessed social media sites are used during times of public health crisis. The purpose of this study was to analyze widely viewed videos about EVD on the YouTube video-sharing site.MethodsWe coded the source, content, and characteristics of the 100 most widely viewed videos about EVD on YouTube.ResultsThe videos included in the sample were viewed more than 73 million times. The death toll in West Africa was mentioned in nearly one-third of the videos. Over one-third of the videos mentioned how EVD was generally transmitted. There was little mention of treatment and no mention of the need for US funding of disaster preparedness; coordination between local, state, and federal governments; or beds ready for containment. No significant differences in the number of views were identified between video sources with the exception of a significantly higher number of views for “consumer videos” compared with “commercial television videos.”ConclusionsWith 1 billion unique users a month, YouTube has potential for both enhancing education and spreading misinformation. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:531-535)
Motivations for Smoking Cessation and the Impact of Regulatory Tax Increases Amongst Fathers within the Pacific Islands Families Study
Authors: Tautolo El-Shadan , Iusitini Leon , Taylor Steve , Paterson Janis 
Published: June 2015

Aims:To examine the prevalence of smoking, motivations for cessation, and impact of tobacco excise tax increases amongst a cohort of Pacific fathers at 11 years after the birth of their child.Methods:Within the context of broader interviews, 723 Pacific fathers participating in the Pacific Islands Families (PIF) Study were surveyed about their smoking at the 11-year measurement point. Prevalence of smoking was calculated, alongside motivations to quit, and the impact of increases to the excise tax on tobacco.Results:Smoking prevalence amongst Pacific fathers remains high (38%) at 11 years postpartum, although 81% of smokers disclosed interest in quitting smoking. The strongest motivation to quit smoking was their ‘own health’ (n= 185, 82%), followed by ‘the cost’ (n= 148, 66%), and the impact on ‘their child's health’ (n= 113, 50%). Among smokers, 12% (n= 31) had never attempted to quit, whereas 63% (n= 159) had made multiple attempts. Approximately 70% (n= 191) of smokers indicated the New Zealand Government-initiated tobacco excise tax increases caused them to reduce their tobacco consumption.Conclusions:High smoking prevalence amongst this cohort raises serious concerns about the risks Pacific families and communities face from smoking. Maintaining a sustained series of tobacco excise tax increases, alongside the utilisation of information on key motivators for Pacific fathers to quit smoking, may prove more effective in supporting Pacific communities to achieve the New Zealand Government's Smokefree 2025 goal.
The Society for Libyan Studies Archive: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Leitch Victoria , Nikolaus Julia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe archive of the Society for Libyan Studies, housed at the University of Leicester, is home to a rich collection of excavation reports, notes, photographs, typescripts, maps, plans and letters by prominent scholars that worked in North Africa. Amongst the material are the records of Olwen Brogan, Charles Daniels, John Ward-Perkins, John Dore and the UNESCO Libyan Valleys Survey. The aim is to draw attention to the research potentials in the archive, and to encourage scholars to visit this important collection to engage with the material that is unpublished or merits re-interpretation. A future digital format for the archive is proposed, to make it accessible to a much wider academic audience worldwide.
High gastrointestinal permeability and local metabolism of naringenin: influence of antibiotic treatment on absorption and metabolism
Authors: Orrego-Lagarón Naiara , Martínez-Huélamo Miriam , Vallverdú-Queralt Anna , Lamuela-Raventos Rosa M. , Escribano-Ferrer Elvira 
Published: June 2015

The present study aims to determine the permeability of naringenin in the stomach, small intestine and colon, to evaluate intestinal and hepatic first-pass metabolism, and to study the influence of the microbiota on the absorption and disposition of naringenin (3·5 μg/ml). A single-pass intestinal perfusion model in mice (n4–6) was used. Perfusate (every 10 min), blood (at 60 min) and bile samples were taken and analysed to evaluate the presence of naringenin and its metabolites by an HPLC-MS/MS method. To study the influence of the microbiota on the bioavailability of naringenin, a group of animals received the antibiotic rifaximin (50 mg/kg per d) for 5 d, and naringenin permeability was determined in the colon. Naringenin was absorbed well throughout the gastrointestinal tract but mainly in the small intestine and colon (mean permeability coefficient 7·80 (sd1·54) × 10− 4cm/s and 5·49 (sd1·86) × 10− 4cm/s, respectively), at a level similar to the highly permeable compound, naproxen (6·39 (sd1·23) × 10− 4cm/s). According to the high amounts of metabolites found in the perfusate compared to the bile and plasma, naringenin underwent extensive intestinal first-pass metabolism, and the main metabolites excreted were sulfates (84·00 (sd12·14)%), followed by glucuronides (8·40 (sd5·67)%). Phase II metabolites were found in all perfusates from 5 min of sampling. Mice treated with rifaximin showed a decrease in naringenin permeability and in the amounts of 4-hydroxyhippuric acid and hippuric acid in the lumen. Naringenin was well absorbed throughout the gastrointestinal tract and its poor bioavailability was due mainly to high intestinal metabolism.
Butyrylated starch intake can prevent red meat-induced O6-methyl-2-deoxyguanosine adducts in human rectal tissue: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Le Leu Richard K. , Winter Jean M. , Christophersen Claus T. , Young Graeme P. , Humphreys Karen J. , Hu Ying , Gratz Silvia W. , Miller Rosalind B. , Topping David L. , Bird Anthony R. , Conlon Michael A. 
Published: June 2015

Epidemiological studies have identified increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk with high red meat (HRM) intakes, whereas dietary fibre intake appears to be protective. In the present study, we examined whether a HRM diet increased rectal O6-methyl-2-deoxyguanosine (O6MeG) adduct levels in healthy human subjects, and whether butyrylated high-amylose maize starch (HAMSB) was protective. A group of twenty-three individuals consumed 300 g/d of cooked red meat without (HRM diet) or with 40 g/d of HAMSB (HRM+HAMSB diet) over 4-week periods separated by a 4-week washout in a randomised cross-over design. Stool and rectal biopsy samples were collected for biochemical, microbial and immunohistochemical analyses at baseline and at the end of each 4-week intervention period. The HRM diet increased rectal O6MeG adducts relative to its baseline by 21 % (P< 0·01), whereas the addition of HAMSB to the HRM diet prevented this increase. Epithelial proliferation increased with both the HRM (P< 0·001) and HRM+HAMSB (P< 0·05) diets when compared with their respective baseline levels, but was lower following the HRM+HAMSB diet compared with the HRM diet (P< 0·05). Relative to its baseline, the HRM+HAMSB diet increased the excretion of SCFA by over 20 % (P< 0·05) and increased the absolute abundances of theClostridium coccoidesgroup (P< 0·05), theClostridiumleptumgroup (P< 0·05),Lactobacillusspp. (P< 0·01),Parabacteroides distasonis(P< 0·001) andRuminococcus bromii(P< 0·05), but loweredRuminococcus torques(P< 0·05) and the proportions ofRuminococcus gnavus,Ruminococcus torquesandEscherichia coli(P< 0·01). HRM consumption could increase the risk of CRC through increased formation of colorectal epithelial O6MeG adducts. HAMSB consumption prevented red meat-induced adduct formation, which may be associated with increased stool SCFA levels and/or changes in the microbiota composition.
Differential necrophoric behaviour of the ant Solenopsis invicta towards fungal-infected corpses of workers and pupae
Authors: Qiu H.-L. , Lu L.-H. , Shi Q.-X. , Tu C.-C. , Lin T. , He Y.-R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNecrophoric behaviour is critical sanitation behaviour in social insects. However, little is known about the necrophoric responses of workers towards different developmental stages in a colony as well as its underlying mechanism. Here, we show that Solenopsis invicta workers display distinct necrophoric responses to corpses of workers and pupae. Corpses of workers killed by freezing (dead for <1 h) were carried to a refuse pile, but pupal corpses would take at least 1 day to elicit workers’ necrophoric response. Metarhizium anisopliae-infected pupal corpses accelerated the necrophoric behaviour of resident workers, with 47.5% of unaffected corpses and 73.8% infected corpses discarded by 1 day post-treatment). We found that fungus-infected pupal corpses had a higher concentration of fatty acids (palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid) on their surface. We experimentally confirmed that linoleic and oleic acids would elicit a necrophoric response in workers. The appearance of linoleic and oleic acids appeared to be chemical signals involved in recognition of pupal corpses, and M. anisopliae infection could promote the accumulation of fatty acids on surface of pupal corpses resulting in accelerated necrophoric responses of workers.
ΝΗΣΑΙ IN SOPHOCLES, FR. 439 R.
Authors: Olson S. Douglas 
Published: June 2015

πέπλους τε νῆσαι λινογενεῖς τ’ ἐπενδύταςτε νῆσαιCanter: τε νίσαιPoll.A: τάνυσαιPoll.FSnêsaimantles and outer garments born of flaxGreek has three verbs νέω: (A) ‘swim’, (B) ‘spin’ and (C) ‘heap up, pile’. The aorist infinitive of both (B) and (C) is νῆσαι. LSJ (followed by Ellendt) takes Sophocles, fr. 439 R. (fromNausicaa or Washing-women) to be an instance of νέω (B). Pearson comments: ‘νῆσαι is loosely used for ὑϕαίνειν. The process of spinning, being preparatory to that of weaving, was apt to be regarded as part of the same operation rather than as a distinct art … Soph. probably had in mind η 96 πέπλοι | λεπτοὶ ἐΰννητοι βεβλήατο, ἔργα γυναικῶν’ (cloth spread on the seats in the banqueting hall of the Phaeacian king Alcinous). Lloyd-Jones accordingly translates the fragment ‘to weave robes and tunics made of linen’.
Robot motion planning with task specifications via regular languages
Authors: McMahon James , Plaku Erion 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYThis paper presents an efficient approach for planning collision-free and dynamically feasible trajectories that enable a mobile robot to carry out tasks specified as regular languages over workspace regions. A sampling-based tree search is conducted over the feasible motions and over an abstraction obtained by combining the automaton representing the regular language with a workspace decomposition. The abstraction is used to partition the motion tree into equivalence classes and estimate the feasibility of reaching accepting automaton states from these equivalence classes. The partition is continually refined to discover new ways to expand the search. Comparisons to related work show significant speedups.
Effect of high fat diet on artificial oocyte activation following superovulation in mice
Authors: Yamamoto Daisuke , Yasui Toshiyuki , Kobayashi Chika , Kitazato Takane , Iwasa Takeshi , Irahara Minoru 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to determine the effects of increased dietary intake and high fat diet (HFD) in mice on artificial oocyte activation by using puromycin or roscovitine. Six-week-old mice were fed as either a control diet group, an increased dietary intake group or an HFD group for 4 weeks. Oocytes were obtained following superovulation and were divided into three treatment groups (no activation treatment, calcium ionophore and puromycin treatment, and calcium ionophore and roscovitine treatment) and were incubated for 4 h. Retrieved oocytes and numbers of oocytes activated as assessed by morphological changes were compared among the three treatment groups. The proportion of degenerated oocytes in HFD mice was significantly higher than that in control diet mice. The rates of activation in oocytes treated with roscovitine were 90.3% in control diet mice, 89.8% in increased dietary intake mice and 67.9% in HFD mice. The rate of activation in oocytes treated with roscovitine in HFD mice was significantly lower than the rates in control diet mice and increased dietary intake mice. The rates of activation in oocytes treated with puromycin were 90.6% in control diet mice, 94.0% in increased dietary intake mice and 71.4% in HFD mice, and the rate of activation in oocytes treated with puromycin in HFD mice was significantly lower than the rates in control diet mice and increased dietary intake mice. HFD-induced obesity deteriorated induction of oocyte activation by roscovitine or puromycin in mice.
Maternal mental health: a shared care approach
Authors: Li Hua , Bowen Angela , Szafron Michael , Moraros John , Muhajarine Nazeem 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundMaternal mental health problems affect up to 20% of women, with potentially deleterious effects to the mother and family. To address this serious problem, a Maternal Mental Health Program (MMHP) using a shared care approach was developed. A shared care approach can promote an efficient use of limited specialized maternal mental health services, strengthen collaboration between the maternal mental health care team and primary care physicians, increase access to maternal mental health care services, and promote primary care provider competence in treating maternal mental health problems.AimThe purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of a MMHP using a shared care approach on maternal anxiety and depression symptoms of participants, the satisfaction of women and referring physicians, and whether the program met the intents of shared care approach (such as quick consultation, increased knowledge, and confidence of primary care physicians).MethodsWe used a pre and post cross-sectional study design to evaluate women’s depression and anxiety symptoms and the satisfaction of women and their primary care health provider with the program.FindingsDepression and anxiety symptoms significantly improved with involvement with the program. Women and physicians reported high levels of satisfaction with the program. Physician knowledge and confidence treating maternal mental health problems improved.ConclusionsShared care can be an effective and efficient way to provide maternal mental health care in primary health care settings where resources are limited.
Henry Button
Authors: Faulkner Kate 
Published: June 2015

AbstractKate Faulkner introduces a collection of material left to the Squire Law Library by veteran historian, Henry Button. Her article discusses the sorting through of this small collection of books, pamphlets and correspondence that was gathered during his research. It looks at how Button's interests developed to include the first female lawyers and the longest-serving legal professionals. It concludes with some information about Henry Button himself and provides a list of the books that were part of the collection.
Monozygotic twins discordant for common variable immunodeficiency reveal impaired DNA demethylation during naïve-to-memory B-cell transition
Authors: Rodríguez-Cortez Virginia C. , del Pino-Molina Lucia , Rodríguez-Ubreva Javier , Ciudad Laura , Gómez-Cabrero David , Company Carlos , Urquiza José M. , Tegnér Jesper , Rodríguez-Gallego Carlos , López-Granados Eduardo , Ballestar Esteban 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCommon variable immunodeficiency (CVID), the most frequent primary immunodeficiency characterized by loss of B-cell function, depends partly on genetic defects, and epigenetic changes are thought to contribute to its aetiology. Here we perform a high-throughput DNA methylation analysis of this disorder using a pair of CVID-discordant MZ twins and show predominant gain of DNA methylation in CVID B cells with respect to those from the healthy sibling in critical B lymphocyte genes, such as PIK3CD, BCL2L1, RPS6KB2, TCF3 and KCNN4. Individual analysis confirms hypermethylation of these genes. Analysis in naive, unswitched and switched memory B cells in a CVID patient cohort shows impaired ability to demethylate and upregulate these genes in transitioning from naive to memory cells in CVID. Our results not only indicate a role for epigenetic alterations in CVID but also identify relevant DNA methylation changes in B cells that could explain the clinical manifestations of CVID individuals.
Development and rescue of human familial hypercholesterolaemia in a xenograft mouse model
Authors: Bissig-Choisat Beatrice , Wang Lili , Legras Xavier , Saha Pradip K. , Chen Leon , Bell Peter , Pankowicz Francis P. , Hill Matthew C. , Barzi Mercedes , Leyton Claudia Kettlun , Leung Hon-Chiu Eastwood , Kruse Robert L. , Himes Ryan W. , Goss John A. , Wilson James M. , Chan Lawrence , Lagor William R. , Bissig Karl-Dimiter 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDiseases of lipid metabolism are a major cause of human morbidity, but no animal model entirely recapitulates human lipoprotein metabolism. Here we develop a xenograft mouse model using hepatocytes from a patient with familial hypercholesterolaemia caused by loss-of-function mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Like familial hypercholesterolaemia patients, our familial hypercholesterolaemia liver chimeric mice develop hypercholesterolaemia and a ’humanized‘ serum profile, including expression of the emerging drug targets cholesteryl ester transfer protein and apolipoprotein (a), for which no genes exist in mice. We go on to replace the missing LDLR in familial hypercholesterolaemia liver chimeric mice using an adeno-associated virus 9-based gene therapy and restore normal lipoprotein profiles after administration of a single dose. Our study marks the first time a human metabolic disease is induced in an experimental animal model by human hepatocyte transplantation and treated by gene therapy. Such xenograft platforms offer the ability to validate human experimental therapies and may foster their rapid translation into the clinic.
Artificial membrane-binding proteins stimulate oxygenation of stem cells during engineering of large cartilage tissue
Authors: Armstrong James P. K. , Shakur Rameen , Horne Joseph P. , Dickinson Sally C. , Armstrong Craig T. , Lau Katherine , Kadiwala Juned , Lowe Robert , Seddon Annela , Mann Stephen , Anderson J. L. Ross , Perriman Adam W. , Hollander Anthony P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRestricted oxygen diffusion can result in central cell necrosis in engineered tissue, a problem that is exacerbated when engineering large tissue constructs for clinical application. Here we show that pre-treating human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with synthetic membrane-active myoglobin-polymer–surfactant complexes can provide a reservoir of oxygen capable of alleviating necrosis at the centre of hyaline cartilage. This is achieved through the development of a new cell functionalization methodology based on polymer–surfactant conjugation, which allows the delivery of functional proteins to the hMSC membrane. This new approach circumvents the need for cell surface engineering using protein chimerization or genetic transfection, and we demonstrate that the surface-modified hMSCs retain their ability to proliferate and to undergo multilineage differentiation. The functionalization technology is facile, versatile and non-disruptive, and in addition to tissue oxygenation, it should have far-reaching application in a host of tissue engineering and cell-based therapies.
Rhodium-catalysed C(sp2)–C(sp2) bond formation via C–H/C–F activation
Authors: Tian Panpan , Feng Chao , Loh Teck-Peng 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFluoroalkenes represent a class of privileged structural motifs, which found widespread use in medicinal chemistry. However, the synthetic access to fluoroalkenes was much underdeveloped with previous reported methods suffering from either low step economy or harsh reaction conditions. Here we present a RhIII-catalysed tandem C–H/C–F activation for the synthesis of (hetero)arylated monofluoroalkenes. The use of readily availablegem-difluoroalkenes as electrophiles provides a highly efficient and operationally simple method for the introduction of α-fluoroalkenyl motifs onto (hetero)arenes under oxidant-free conditions. Furthermore, the employment of alcoholic solvent and thein-situgenerated hydrogen fluoride are found to be beneficial in this transformation, indicating the possibility of the involvement of hydrogen bond activation mode with regards to the C–F bond cleavage step.