bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insect Tattoos on Humans: A “Dermagraphic” Study
Authors: Pearson G. A. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In recent years, the tattoo has undergone a renaissance in America. Musicians, movie stars, and athletes all adorn themselves with artwork, and their fans follow suit. Self-modification, though, is hardly a new phenomenon. Tattooing has been practiced for at least 6,000 years, possibly longer (Brain 1984). What do tattoos reveal of the owner's personal imagery and values? Is a tatoo the human equivalent of aposematic coloring? Perhaps a signal saying: “Beware! I might be dangerous,” or a symbol proclaiming “Warning! I'm deviant.” In a culture that values physical attractiveness so highly, why would someone choose to be aberrant? What pictures would you choose as a representation of yourself?
State of the art prediction of HIV-1 protease cleavage sites
Authors: Rögnvaldsson Thorsteinn , You Liwen , Garwicz Daniel 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Understanding the substrate specificity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 protease is important when designing effective HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Furthermore, characterizing and predicting the cleavage profile of HIV-1 protease is essential to generate and test hypotheses of how HIV-1 affects proteins of the human host. Currently available tools for predicting cleavage by HIV-1 protease can be improved.
Results: The linear support vector machine with orthogonal encoding is shown to be the best predictor for HIV-1 protease cleavage. It is considerably better than current publicly available predictor services. It is also found that schemes using physicochemical properties do not improve over the standard orthogonal encoding scheme. Some issues with the currently available data are discussed.
Availability and implementation: The datasets used, which are the most important part, are available at the UCI Machine Learning Repository. The tools used are all standard and easily available.
Contact: thorsteinn.rognvaldsson@hh.se
What information is provided in Australian emergency departments about fitness‐to‐drive after mild traumatic brain injury: A national survey
Authors: Baker Anne , Unsworth Carolyn A. , Lannin Natasha A. 
Published: December 2014

Background/aimOccupational therapists work together with their medical and nursing colleagues to ensure that patients are able to return to safe and legal driving upon discharge from the emergency department after a range of illnesses and/or injuries. This study aimed to determine the type of information that is provided nationally in emergency departments to people after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), with respect to fitness‐to‐drive.MethodsCross‐sectional electronic survey mailed to all emergency departments in Australia (N = 110). Responses were invited from medical, nursing, and allied‐health professionals. The survey asked respondents to comment about the existence and use of fitness‐to‐drive management guidelines, as well as their opinion on when clearance should be given to return to driving post injury.Results104 clinicians completed the survey; the majority of respondents were medical staff (n = 46, 51%) followed by allied‐health staff (n = 23, 25%), with the highest response rate provided from Victoria (n = 41, 45%). Just over one‐third of respondents' emergency departments (n = 34, 36%) recommended a period of ‘no driving’ after mTBI, and within these departments, this recommendation was usually provided by medical staff (n = 25, 80%). Consensus was not displayed with respect to the safest time to return to driving after mTBI. Opinions from respondents strongly suggested that a review of fitness‐to‐drive management guidelines was required for mTBI patients (n = 78, 88%).ConclusionNo consensus exists in the fitness‐to‐drive recommendations provided to patients after mTBI, and clinicians have reported the need for a review of fitness‐to‐drive management guidelines in Australian emergency departments. With their understanding about the complex interplay of the skills required for safe driving, occupational therapists are positioned to help guide the development of protocols in this area.
First report of a multidrug‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae of sequence type 11 causing sepsis in a free‐ranging beaver (Castor fiber)
Authors: Pilo Paola , Vogt Debora , Origgi Francesco C. , Endimiani Andrea , Peterson Susanne , Perreten Vincent 
Published: December 2014

SummaryKlebsiella pneumoniae of sequence type (ST) 11 is a hyper‐epidemic nosocomial clone spreading worldwide among humans and also emerging in pets. In this report, we describe a clinical case of fatal sepsis due to this multidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogen in a Eurasian beaver. The isolate showed resistance to six different classes of antimicrobials including third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. This is the first report describing the detection of a MDR K. pneumoniae ST11 in a free‐ranging animal. Our finding highlights the potential for environmental dissemination of hyper‐epidemic clones of K. pneumoniae and possible spread in wildlife and cause epizootics.
Effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid gel on the incidence of dentinal cracks caused by three novel nickel‐titanium systems
Authors: Aydin Ugur , Aksoy Fatih , Karataslioglu Emrah , Yildirim Cihan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of crack formation while using Reciproc, WaveOne and Twisted File Adaptive with and without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) gel. Seventy extracted mandibular premolars were included. The teeth were decoronated until roots of 16 mm were obtained. Samples were distributed into seven groups: group 1, no canal preparation (control); other groups were instrumented so; group 2, Reciproc; group 3, Reciproc + EDTA; group 4, WaveOne; group 5, WaveOne + EDTA; group 6, Twisted File Adaptive; group 7, Twisted File Adaptive + EDTA. Roots were horizontally sectioned from 3, 6 and 9 mm from apex and observed under stereomicroscope. The number and the incidence of cracks were recorded and statistically analysed with chi‐squared and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Control group did not reveal any cracks. Crack formation with three novel Ni‐Ti instruments was similar. Using EDTA gel did not reduce crack occurrence.
Low Molecular Weight Heparin Modulates Maternal Immune Response in Pregnant Women and Mice with Thrombophilia
Authors: Luley Lydia , Schumacher Anne , Mulla Melissa J. , Franke Dirk , Löttge Michael , Fill Malfertheiner Sara , Tchaikovski Svetlana N. , Costa Serban‐Dan , Hoppe Berthold , Abrahams Vikki M. , Zenclussen Ana C. 
Published: December 2014

ProblemThrombophilia is associated with pregnancy complications. Treatment with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) improves pregnancy outcome, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear.Methods of studyWe analyzed Treg frequency in blood from thrombophilic pregnancies treated with LMWH (n = 32) or untreated (n = 33) and from healthy pregnancies (n = 39) at all trimesters. Additionally, we treated pregnant wild‐type, heterozygous and homozygous factor‐V‐Leiden (FVL) mice with LMWH or PBS and determined Treg frequency, pro‐/anti‐inflammatory cytokine levels and Caspase‐3‐activity in placenta and decidua.ResultsTreg frequencies were increased in second and third trimester in LMWH‐treated thrombophilic pregnancies compared to controls. Treg levels were comparable to those of normal pregnancies. Homozygous FVL mice had decreased decidual Tregs compared to wild‐type mice. LMWH treatment normalized Tregs and was associated with increased decidual IL‐10 mRNA. LMWH diminished Caspase‐3‐activity in mice of all genotypes.ConclusionWe demonstrated anti‐apoptotic and anti‐inflammatory effects of LMWH in pregnant FVL mice. LMWH increased Treg levels in mice and humans, which suggests benefits of LMWH treatment for thrombophilic women during pregnancy.
‘Country women are resilient but. …’: Family planning access in rural Victoria
Authors: Kruss Julie , Gridley Heather 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined barriers to accessing three types of family planning service (emergency contraception, termination of pregnancy and options counselling) within the Grampians region of Victoria. In addressing the challenges faced by geographically marginalised women, the intention was to contribute to feminist psychological research in the field of women's health.DesignThe qualitative study drew on community and health psychology frameworks. Community psychology's ecological perspective takes into account the different contexts of people's lives, while the focus on psychosocial aspects of women's reproductive health behaviour places the study in a health psychology domain.SettingGrampians region of Victoria, Australia.ParticipantsEleven professionals whose employment was connected to family planning services in Victoria.InterventionsSemi‐structured interviews.Main outcome measuresThe study documented professionals’ perceptions of facilitators and barriers to accessing family planning services in rural areas and the implications for women's psychosocial health and their ability to make timely decisions about a pregnancy.ResultsA thematic analysis confirmed that women in the Grampians region face many barriers including lack of local services, privacy, misinformation and judgmental service providers. While these issues could arise anywhere, the problem is compounded in rural areas by limited options and rural cultural pressures.ConclusionsThis study highlights the complexity of many rural women's reproductive ‘choices’, and recommends plausible strategies to tackle barriers and facilitate access to family planning services. Reproductive health research can benefit from community and health psychology perspectives that consider psychosocial and cultural contexts as well as biomedical factors.
Genetic evaluation using random regression models with different covariance functions for test‐day milk yield in an admixture population of Thailand goats
Authors: Thepparat Mongkol , Boonkum Wuttigrai , Duangjinda Monchai , Tumwasorn Sornthep , Nakavisut Sansak , Thongchumroon Thumrong 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to compare covariance functions (CF) and estimate the heritability of milk yield from test‐day records among exotic (Saanen, Anglo‐Nubian, Toggenburg and Alpine) and crossbred goats (Thai native and exotic breed), using a random regression model. A total of 1472 records of test‐day milk yield were used, collected from 112 does between 2003 and 2006. CF of the study were Wilmink function, second‐ and third‐order Legendre polynomials, and linear splines 4 knots located at 5, 25, 90 and 155 days in milk (SP25–90) and 5, 35, 95 and 155 of days in milk (SP35–95). Variance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood method (REML). Goodness of fit, Akaike information criterion (AIC), percentage of squared bias (PSB), mean square error (MSE), and empirical correlation (RHO) between the observed and predicted values were used to compare models. The results showed that CF had an impact on (co)variance estimation in random regression models (RRM). The RRM with splines 4 knots located at 5, 25, 90 and 155 of days in milk had the lowest AIC, PSB and MSE, and the highest RHO. The heritability estimated throughout lactation obtained with this model ranged from 0.13 to 0.23.
Relationships between immunoglobulin and fat‐soluble vitamins in colostrum of Japanese Black multiparous cows
Authors: Wang Mengdong , Ikeda Shuntaro , Yoshioka Hidetugu , Nagase Hiroshi , Kitamura Shoko , Itoyama Erina , Murakami Hiroaki , Sugimoto Miki , Kume Shinichi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractData from 19 Japanese Black multiparous cows were collected to clarify the relationships among immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, β‐carotene, vitamin A and α‐tocopherol contents in colostrum of cows in order to evaluate the role of fat‐soluble vitamins on colostral IgG and IgA production. Mean colostral IgG was 141 mg/mL, ranging from 65 to 208 mg/mL, whereas mean colostral IgA was 8.7 mg/mL, ranging from 1.0 to 34.6 mg/mL. Colostral IgG increased with aging in multiparous cows. There were positive correlations between colostral IgG and colostral vitamin A or colostral α‐tocopherol in cows, and the higher adjusted R2 was obtained in the prediction model of colostral IgG from age and colostral vitamin A. Colostral vitamin A was positively correlated with colostral β‐carotene or colostral α‐tocopherol in cows, but there were no relationships between colostral IgA and colostral IgG or colostral fat‐soluble vitamins. These results indicate that fat‐soluble vitamin contents in colostrum of cows may change in similar patterns and high colostral vitamin A is related with high colostral IgG.
Phase I/II study exploring ImMucin, a pan‐major histocompatibility complex, anti‐MUC1 signal peptide vaccine, in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Carmon Lior , Avivi Irit , Kovjazin Riva , Zuckerman Tsila , Dray Lillian , Gatt Moshe E. , Or Reuven , Shapira Michael Y. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryImMucin, a 21‐mer cancer vaccine encoding the signal peptide domain of the MUC1 tumour‐associated antigen, possesses a high density of T‐ and B‐cell epitopes but preserves MUC1 specificity. This phase I/II study assessed the safety, immunity and clinical response to 6 or 12 bi‐weekly intradermal ImMucin vaccines, co‐administered with human granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor to 15 MUC1‐positive multiple myeloma (MM) patients, with residual or biochemically progressive disease following autologous stem cell transplantation. Vaccination was well tolerated; all adverse events were temporal grade 1 2 and spontaneously resolved. ImMucin vaccination induced a robust increase in γ‐interferon (IFN‐γ‐producing CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cells (≤80‐fold), a pronounced population of ImMucin multimer CD8+ T‐cells (>2%), a 9·4‐fold increase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells proliferation and 6·8‐fold increase in anti‐ImMucin antibodies, accompanied with T‐cell and antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. A significant decrease in soluble MUC1 levels was observed in 9/10 patients. Stable disease or improvement, persisting for 17·5‐41·3 months (ongoing) was achieved in 11/15 patients and appeared to be associated with low‐intermediate PDL1 (CD274) bone marrow levels pre‐ and post‐vaccination. In summary, ImMucin, a highly tolerable cancerous vaccine, induces robust, diversified T‐ and B‐cell ImMucin‐specific immunity in MM patients, across major histocompatibility complex‐barrier, resulting in at least disease stabilization in most patients.
Relationships between T cell and IgE/IgG4 epitopes of the Anisakis simplex major allergen Ani s 1
Authors: Garcia Alonso M. , Caballero M. L. , Umpierrez A. , Lluch‐Bernal M. , Knaute T. , Rodríguez‐Pérez R. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryBackgroundAnisakiasis is a global disease caused by the consumption of raw or lightly cooked fish parasitized with third‐stage Anisakis larvae. Anisakis simplex allergens may cause severe allergic reactions including angio‐oedema, urticaria and anaphylaxis. Approximately 80% of allergic patients have allergen‐specific IgE against Ani s 1, and the diagnostic value of testing for antibodies to Ani s 1 has been extensively demonstrated. However, no previous studies have investigated the molecular aspects of the allergic response to Ani s 1. Knowledge of allergen‐specific T cell and B cell (IgE and IgG4) epitopes is important for elucidating the immunological mechanisms underlying allergic responses, and for understanding why particular proteins behave as allergens.ObjectiveTo elucidate the main T cell‐ and B cell (IgE and IgG4)‐ binding regions of Ani s 1.MethodsT cell epitopes were identified by peptide proliferation assays using T cell lines derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 11 patients with Anisakis allergy, and IgE and IgG4 epitopes were identified by microarray immunoassay using sera from a different group of 11 patients with Anisakis allergy.ResultsSeveral T cell epitopes of Ani s 1 were identified, of which Ani s 1145–156, Ani s 1151–162 and Ani s 1163–171 located at the C‐terminal end of the protein were the most relevant. IgE and IgG4 recognized largely the same peptides, including Ani s 122–41, Ani s 125–44, Ani s 127–47, Ani s 137–56 and Ani s 194–113.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThis is the first report describing the T cell epitopes of an important allergen of A. simplex, and the first B cell epitope study of this allergen in the Spanish population. This information can help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the allergic response to Ani s 1, potentially leading to therapeutic and diagnostic advances.
Increased IL‐21 expression in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasalpolyps
Authors: Xiao L. , Wei Y. , Zhang Y.‐N. , Luo X. , Yang B.‐Y. , Yu S.‐F. , Wu X.‐M. , Wu C.‐Y. , Li H.‐B. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryBackgroundIL‐21 is a key cytokine for regulating B cell immunity, which is involved in several inflammatory conditions. This study sought to define a role for IL‐21 in activated B lymphocytes and enhanced tissue eosinophilia in NP tissues during the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).MethodsNP and uncinate process tissues were collected from 64 CRSwNP patients, 25 CRSsNP patients, and 29 control subjects. IL‐21 expression was examined using IHC staining, qRT‐PCR, flow cytometry, and ELISA, and its clinical implication was evaluated. Moreover, the effects of IL‐21 on B cell differentiation and Ig production in cultured NP cells were examined in vitro.ResultsThe mRNA and protein levels of IL‐21 were significantly increased in polyp tissues compared with control tissues (P < 0.05). Polyp IL‐21 level was significantly associated with polyp size, tissue eosinophilia and asthma comorbidity, and recurrence after surgery (P < 0.05). Both Th1 and Th17 cells were the main cellular sources of IL‐21 in polyp tissues. The percentage of IL‐21+CD4+ cells was significantly higher in polyp tissues compared with control tissues and matched PBMCs (P < 0.01). Accordingly, the percentage of CD19+CD20+/− CD38high cells was significantly higher in polyp tissues compared with control tissues (P < 0.01). Moreover, recombinant IL‐21 significantly increased the percentage of CD19+CD20+/− CD38high cells (plasmablasts) and IgG and IgA production in cultured NP cells in vitro (P < 0.05).Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceIncreased IL‐21 level in polyp tissues was associated with disease severity, local B cell activation, and immunoglobulin production, suggesting that IL‐21 might play an important role in promoting persistent mucosal inflammation in CRSwNP patients.
Magnetic endoscope imaging in single‐balloon enteroscopy
Authors: Schlag Christoph , Neu Bruno , Klare Peter , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Schmid Roland M. , von Delius Stefan 
Published: December 2014

Background and AimMagnetic endoscope imaging (MEI) provides continuous viewing of the position of the endoscope on a monitor without using X‐ray and has already been established for colonoscopy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a new MEI probe for enteroscopy.MethodsIn this prospective feasibility study, consecutive patients received single‐balloon enteroscopy guided by the new MEI probe. Fluoroscopy was also used in all examinations. MEI images were compared to fluoroscopy images with respect to concordance of loop configuration by two independent observers after the examinations. Main outcome measurement was the rate of concordant MEI and fluoroscopy images with respect to loop configuration.ResultsIn all 10 patients, single‐balloon enteroscopy with MEI was carried out without any adverse events or technical difficulties. Concordance of MEI and fluoroscopy images was seen in 36/38 images (95%; 95% CI, 82–99%) by both observers. Overall agreement between the two observers was 95% (κ = 0.47, 95% CI, −0.04–1).ConclusionThe use of MEI in single‐balloon enteroscopy is safe and feasible. Detection and control of loops can be accurately achieved.
Sampling procedures and adult sex ratios in spruce budworm
Authors: Rhainds Marc , Heard Stephen B. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUnbiased estimates of sex ratios that reflect local abundance of adult insects are practically difficult to obtain because many gender‐specific behavioural adaptations differentially influence the catchability of males and females in commonly applied sampling procedures. Historic data on outbreak populations of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), the major pest of conifers in Nearctic boreal forests, include dozens of sex ratio observations for 10 different sampling procedures; these data illustrate the importance of understanding the reproductive ecology of adults to contextualize sex ratio assessments. Sex ratios of resident adults (assessed by rearing field‐collected pupae to adulthood or fogging host trees with insecticide) were not different from 1:1. Sex ratios of in‐flight adults collected using Malaise traps or light traps deployed in tree canopies were consistently male‐biased, which presumably reflects the higher level of flight activity for males relative to females. Sex ratios of moths captured outside the forest canopy (presumed migrants), in contrast, were consistently female‐biased, a trend which is expected because females seeking oviposition sites are more likely to undergo migration than are males. The sex ratio among adults that died from natural causes (collected on drop trays) was not distinguishable from 1:1. In pre‐outbreak (endemic) populations, sex ratios estimated by light trapping were much more strongly male‐biased than in outbreak populations. This surprising result should, however, be interpreted with caution because little is known of reproductive ecology in endemic budworm populations.
Interspecific differences in early life‐history traits in a species complex of stream‐resident galaxiids
Authors: Jones Peter E. , Closs Gerard P. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFish differentially provision resources to eggs and larvae to optimise survival during the critical early life‐history period. Resource allocation is limited by a trade‐off between egg size and fecundity, and the optimal strategy varies with habitat type. This study examines the consequences of egg size differences for the early life‐histories of four closely related galaxiid species which occur in contrasting habitat types on the South Island, New Zealand. Headwater species had substantially larger water‐hardened eggs, longer incubation times, and newly hatched larvae were on average up to 41% longer than lower catchment species. Significant interspecific differences in gape diameter, eye diameter and myomere depth were also observed. Swimming ability was positively associated with larval length at hatch. Interspecific differences in length and swimming ability were generally maintained throughout the larval period, despite larvae being reared under relatively benign conditions where many other studies suggest initial differences should disappear. These results demonstrate the consequences of differential maternal provisioning to the egg for larval traits. The larger larvae of headwater species are likely to be more resistant to starvation and have improved foraging ability compared to lower catchment species; traits which are likely to confer them survival advantages in the low productivity, food‐scarce environments they occupy. The smaller larvae of lower catchment species are likely to be a consequence of females investing in fecundity in these relatively resource‐rich streams.