bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phaseolin expression in tobacco chloroplast reveals an autoregulatory mechanism in heterologous protein translation
Authors: De Marchis Francesca , Bellucci Michele , Pompa Andrea 
Published: June 2015

SummaryPlastid DNA engineering is a well‐established research area of plant biotechnology, and plastid transgenes often give high expression levels. However, it is still almost impossible to predict the accumulation rate of heterologous protein in transplastomic plants, and there are many cases of unsuccessful transgene expression. Chloroplasts regulate their proteome at the post‐transcriptional level, mainly through translation control. One of the mechanisms to modulate the translation has been described in plant chloroplasts for the chloroplast‐encoded subunits of multiprotein complexes, and the autoregulation of the translation initiation of these subunits depends on the availability of their assembly partners [control by epistasy of synthesis (CES)]. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, autoregulation of endogenous proteins recruited in the assembly of functional complexes has also been reported. In this study, we revealed a self‐regulation mechanism triggered by the accumulation of a soluble recombinant protein, phaseolin, in the stroma of chloroplast‐transformed tobacco plants. Immunoblotting experiments showed that phaseolin could avoid this self‐regulation mechanism when targeted to the thylakoids in transplastomic plants. To inhibit the thylakoid‐targeted phaseolin translation as well, this protein was expressed in the presence of a nuclear version of the phaseolin gene with a transit peptide. Pulse–chase and polysome analysis revealed that phaseolin mRNA translation on plastid ribosomes was repressed due to the accumulation in the stroma of the same soluble polypeptide imported from the cytosol. We suggest that translation autoregulation in chloroplast is not limited to heteromeric protein subunits but also involves at least some of the foreign soluble recombinant proteins, leading to the inhibition of plastome‐encoded transgene expression in chloroplast.
Implicit affectivity and rapid processing of affective body language: An fMRI study
Authors: Suslow Thomas , Ihme Klas , Quirin Markus , Lichev Vladimir , Rosenberg Nicole , Bauer Jochen , Bomberg Luise , Kersting Anette , Hoffmann Karl‐Titus , Lobsien Donald 
Published: June 2015

Previous research has revealed affect‐congruity effects for the recognition of affects from faces. Little is known about the impact of affect on the perception of body language. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of implicit (versus explicit) affectivity with the recognition of briefly presented affective body expressions. Implicit affectivity, which can be measured using indirect assessment methods, has been found to be more predictive of spontaneous physiological reactions than explicit (self‐reported) affect. Thirty‐four healthy women had to label the expression of body postures (angry, fearful, happy, or neutral) presented for 66 ms and masked by a neutral body posture in a forced‐choice format while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants' implicit affectivity was assessed using the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test. Measures of explicit state and trait affectivity were also administered. Analysis of the fMRI data was focused on a subcortical network involved in the rapid perception of affective body expressions. Only implicit negative affect (but not explicit affect) was correlated with correct labeling performance for angry body posture. As expected, implicit negative affect was positively associated with activation of the subcortical network in response to fearful and angry expression (compared to neutral expression). Responses of the caudate nucleus to affective body expression were especially associated with its recognition. It appears that processes of rapid recognition of affects from body postures could be facilitated by an individual's implicit negative affect.
The mental health of children of migrant workers in Beijing: The protective role of public school attendance
Authors: Gao Qin , Li Hong , Zou Hong , Cross Wendi , Bian Ran , Liu Yan 
Published: June 2015

The present study aims to understand the mental health status of an understudied group of migrant children – children of migrant workers in China. A total of 1,466 children from Beijing participated in the study that compared migrant children (n = 1,019) to their local peers (n = 447) in public and private school settings. Results showed that overall, migrant children reported more internalizing and externalizing mental health problems and lower life satisfaction than local peers. However, public school attendance served as a protective factor for migrant children's mental health. The mental health status of migrant children attending public schools, including externalizing problems as well as friend and school satisfaction, was not different from local children. In addition, our data indicates that the protective effect of public school attendance for migrant children may be even more salient among girls than boys, and for younger children than older children.
Consumer Culture, Taste Preferences, and Social Network Formation
Authors: Puetz Kyle 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOne of the most important and consistent findings in the social networks literature is that individuals are socially connected to people who resemble themselves. This finding extends to preferences for consumer culture. Whereas network theorists previously had presumed that social networks generated this outcome through a process of social influence, this traditional conception of the relationship between culture and social networks has been challenged by new theoretical perspectives and novel methodological techniques that enable researchers to empirically test the causal direction of the relationship. In this article, I first discuss how theorists have adjudicated between competing explanations of the relationship of taste preferences and social network structure. Second, I discuss how sociologists have theorized that tastes contribute to variation in network structure. Third, I examine survey and ethnographic research that discusses interactional mechanisms by which people actively mobilize culture to form social relationships. Fourth and finally, I discuss research that explores how consumer culture constitutes the meaning of social relationships and how relationship category affects theorizing of network formation.
Arguing for a Generous Identity
Authors: Gur Shahar , Olien Jessie Lynn 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA generous person is one who freely gives assistance to others. In this article, we provide evidence in support of the existence of a generous identity. To do this, we first outline ways in which generosity relates to other constructs such as altruism, helping behavior, volunteerism, and philanthropy and offer explanations as to why it is important to study generous identity both alone and in tandem with these related constructs. Next, we briefly discuss how generosity can be conceptualized as a person identity. We then recommend best practices for developing and implementing a measure for generous identity. Lastly, we discuss the implications of a generous identity and ways in which its salience can play a role in different contexts.
Social Isolation Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Immigrant Youth
Authors: Cherng Hua‐Yu Sebastian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDespite the long sociological tradition that focuses on the social adaptation of racial/ethnic minority immigrant youth, little work investigates whether these groups are socially isolated. However, existing research provides a strong foundation from which researchers can further explore this important topic. This article begins by discussing relevant theories and ongoing debates regarding minority immigrant youth's social relationships. Next, the article surveys literature across social science disciplines that describes relationships minority immigrant youth have (or in some cases, do not have) with three important social actors: their peers, teachers, and parents. The article concludes by providing recommendations for future research.
A new sign in the standard hip ultrasound image of the Graf method.
Authors: Vasilescu Dan , Cosma Dan , Vasilescu Dana Elena , Botar Jid Carolina , Gersak Mirela , Lenghel Manuela , Dudea Sorin Marian 
Published: June 2015

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of obtaining a 900 angle between the plane of the osteochondral plate and the surface of the transducer during standard hip ultrasonography according to Graf method. Material and methods: In this retrospective study 1078 patients (2156 hips) were included examined between 2008 and 2014 for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) ultrasound screening. The patients were divided in two groups. Group I consisted of 402 patients examined between January 2008 and December 2011 using the standard Graf method. Group II consisted of 676 patients examined from January 2012 to December 2014 using the Graf method with an additional criterion: 900 angle between the plane of the osteochondral plate and the surface of the transducer. Results: We found more dysplastic patients in group I comparing to group II: 55 (13.7%) and 38 (5.6%) respectively. The difference in the incidence of patients diagnosed with DDH was highly significant (p<0.001). The mean alpha angle value in group I was 65.310, respectively 67.520 for group II (p<0.001). Conclusion: The new osteochondral plate sign has the potential to reduce the overdiagnosis of DDH and provide a better tailored approach to borderline hips.
Correlates of Physical Activity in Latino Preschool Children Attending Head Start
Authors: Dawson-Hahn Elizabeth E. , Fesinmeyer Megan D. , Mendoza Jason A. 
Published: June 2015

Background:Physical activity is associated with long-term benefits for health and tracks from early childhood into later adolescence. Limited information exists about factors influencing physical activity among Latino preschoolers. We aimed to identify correlates of objectively measured light-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity as a proportion of wear time (% PA) in Latino 3–5 year olds.Methods:Latino preschoolers (n = 96) were recruited from Head Start centers in Houston, TX, USA, from 2009 to 2010. Sociodemographics, anthropometrics, acculturation, neighborhood disorder, and TV viewing were measured. Actigraph GT1M accelerometers measured physical activity. Block linear regression was used with % PA as the dependent variable.Results:Children achieved 285.7 ± 58.0 min/day of PA. In the final adjusted-model, child age, parental education and neighborhood disorder were positively associated with % PA (beta = 0.33, p = .002; beta = 0.25, p = .038; beta = 0.22, p = .039, respectively). TV viewing was inversely associated with % PA (beta=-0.23, p = .027).Conclusion:The majority of Latino preschoolers in our study exceeded US national and international guidelines of physical activity duration. Future interventions to sustain physical activity should focus on the influence of age, socioeconomic status, neighborhood disorder, and TV viewing on Latino preschoolers’ attainment of physical activity.
Lack of Artemisinin Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in Uganda Based on Parasitological and Molecular Assays
Authors: Cooper Roland A. , Conrad Melissa D. , Watson Quentin D. , Huezo Stephanie J. , Ninsiima Harriet , Tumwebaze Patrick , Nsobya Samuel L. , Rosenthal Philip J. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

We evaluated markers of artemisinin resistance in
Plasmodium falciparum
isolated in Kampala in 2014. By standard
in vitro
assays, all isolates were highly sensitive to dihydroartemisinin (DHA). By the ring-stage survival assay, after a 6-h DHA pulse, parasitemia was undetectable in 40 of 43 cultures at 72 h. Two of 53 isolates had nonsynonymous K13-propeller gene polymorphisms but did not have the mutations associated with resistance in Asia. Thus, we did not see evidence for artemisinin resistance in Uganda.
Upregulation of Cysteine Synthase and Cystathionine β-Synthase Contributes to Leishmania braziliensis Survival under Oxidative Stress
Authors: Romero Ibeth , Téllez Jair , Romanha Alvaro José , Steindel Mario , Grisard Edmundo Carlos 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Cysteine metabolism is considered essential for the crucial maintenance of a reducing environment in trypanosomatids due to its importance as a precursor of trypanothione biosynthesis. Expression, activity, functional rescue, and overexpression of cysteine synthase (CS) and cystathionine β-synthase (CβS) were evaluated in
Leishmania braziliensis
promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes under
in vitro
stress conditions induced by hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
),
S
-nitroso-
N
-acetylpenicillamine, or antimonial compounds. Our results demonstrate a stage-specific increase in the levels of protein expression and activity of
L. braziliensis
CS (LbrCS) and
L. braziliensis
CβS (LbrCβS), resulting in an increment of total thiol levels in response to both oxidative and nitrosative stress. The rescue of the CS activity in
Trypanosoma rangeli
, a trypanosome that does not perform cysteine biosynthesis
de novo
, resulted in increased rates of survival of epimastigotes expressing the LbrCS under stress conditions compared to those of wild-type parasites. We also found that the ability of
L. braziliensis
promastigotes and amastigotes overexpressing LbrCS and LbrCβS to resist oxidative stress was significantly enhanced compared to that of nontransfected cells, resulting in a phenotype far more resistant to treatment with the pentavalent form of Sb
in vitro
. In conclusion, the upregulation of protein expression and increment of the levels of LbrCS and LbrCβS activity alter parasite resistance to antimonials and may influence the efficacy of antimony treatment of New World leishmaniasis.
Full-Genome Sequence of Pantropic Canine Coronavirus
Authors: Decaro Nicola , Mari Viviana , Dowgier Giulia , Elia Gabriella , Lanave Gianvito , Colaianni Maria Loredana , Buonavoglia Canio 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Pantropic canine coronavirus (CCoV) was first detected in young dogs in Italy in 2005, but the complete genome sequence of this virus had not yet been determined. Here, we report the full-length genome sequence of the prototype strain CB/05, which showed that this virus is genetically similar to CCoV-IIa viruses.
Genome Sequence of
Halomonas
sp. Strain KO116, an Ionic Liquid-Tolerant Marine Bacterium Isolated from a Lignin-Enriched Seawater Microcosm
Authors: O’Dell Kaela B. , Woo Hannah L. , Utturkar Sagar , Klingeman Dawn , Brown Steven D. , Hazen Terry C. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Halomonas
sp. strain KO116 was isolated from Nile Delta Mediterranean Sea surface water enriched with insoluble organosolv lignin. It was further screened for growth on alkali lignin minimal salts medium agar. The strain tolerates the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate. Its complete genome sequence is presented in this report.
Genome Sequence of
Rhodococcus
sp. Strain PML026, a Trehalolipid Biosurfactant Producer and Biodegrader of Oil and Alkanes
Authors: Sambles C. M. , White D. A. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Rhodococcus
sp. strain PML026 produces an array of trehalolipid biosurfactant compounds in order to utilize hydrophobic carbon sources, such as oils and alkanes. Here, we report the high-quality draft genome sequence of this strain, which has a total length of 5,168,404 bp containing 4,835 protein-coding sequences, 12 rRNAs, and 45 tRNAs.
Patients’ experience of portacaths in cystic fibrosis: questionnaire-based study
Authors: McIntosh Lynne A , Walker Gregor M 
Published: June 2015

Backgrounds and aimsPortacaths are regularly used in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). We aimed to assess patient satisfaction with lateral chest wall portacaths in children with CF.MethodsAll children in a geographical region with CF and portacath in situ were identified. Site of chest wall placement was identified on X-ray; only children with lateral chest wall portacaths were sent questionnaires. Data collected included preoperative information, cosmesis and interference with activities.ResultsOf the 46 patients identified, 42 had lateral chest wall ports. 25 of this 42(60%) submitted their questionnaires. 22(88%) were happy with preoperative information although only 8(32%) recall being offered choice of position. 23(92%) were satisfied with cosmesis. 2 patients reported problems with physiotherapy only with indwelling needles. 6(24%) patients had problems with clothing, 7(32%) with sports and 3(12%) with seatbelts.ConclusionsLateral chest wall portacaths are cosmetically acceptable. Impact on daily activities is less common than that reported with anterior chest wall placement.
The association of comorbid diabetes mellitus and symptoms of depression with all-cause mortality and cardiac rehospitalization in patients with heart failure
Authors: Reeves Geri C , Alhurani Abdullah S , Frazier Susan K , Watkins John F , Lennie Terry A , Moser Debra K 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundMore than 22% of individuals with diabetes mellitus have concomitant heart failure (HF), and the prevalence of diabetes in those with HF is nearly triple that of individuals without HF. Comorbid depressive symptoms are common in diabetes and HF. Depressive symptoms are an independent predictor of mortality in individuals with diabetes alone, as well as those with HF alone and are a predictor of rehospitalization in those with HF. However, the association of comorbid HF, diabetes and depressive symptoms with all-cause mortality and rehospitalization for cardiac causes has not been determined.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of comorbid HF, diabetes and depression with all-cause mortality and rehospitalization for cardiac cause.MethodPatients provided data at baseline about demographic and clinical variables and depressive symptoms; patients were followed for at least 2 years. Participants were divided into four groups based on the presence and absence of diabetes and depressive symptoms. Cox regression analysis was used to determine whether comorbid diabetes and depressive symptoms independently predicted all-cause mortality and cardiac rehospitalization in these patients with HF.ResultsPatients (n=663) were primarily male (69%), white (76%), and aged 61±13 years. All-cause mortality was independently predicted by the presence of concomitant diabetes and depressive symptoms (HR 3.71; 95% CI 1.49 to 9.25; p=0.005), and depressive symptoms alone (HR 2.29; 95% CI 0.94 to 5.40; p=0.05). The presence of comorbid diabetes and depressive symptoms was also an independent predictor of cardiac rehospitalization (HR 2.36; 95% CI 1.27 to 4.39; p=0.007).ConclusionsComorbid diabetes and depressive symptoms are associated with poorer survival and rehospitalization in patients with HF; effective strategies to regularly evaluate and effectively manage these comorbid conditions are necessary to improve survival and reduce rehospitalization rates.
Association between childhood obesity and use of regular medications in the UK: longitudinal cohort study of children aged 5–11 years
Authors: Solmi Francesca , Morris Stephen 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesIncreasing rates of childhood obesity have been suggested as a possible cause for the increasing prevalence of chronic conditions among adults and children. Few studies have examined whether obese children are more likely to use medications than normal weight children. We investigate this association in the UK.DesignA panel study with repeated observations at ages 5, 7 and 11.SettingA general population sample drawn from the Millennium Cohort Study, a UK-based birth cohort.ParticipantsA sample of 9667 children.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOur primary outcomes were crude and adjusted probabilities of taking any regular medications and the number of medications among overweight and obese children compared with normal weight children. Our secondary outcome was the distribution of medication use by therapeutic classification across body mass index (BMI) groups.ResultsObese children were more likely to use any medication (marginal effect (ME)=0.02, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.03) and to use more medications (ME=0.08, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.12) than normal weight children. Obese children used more medications for respiratory conditions than those of other BMI groups.ConclusionsObese children are more likely to use regular medications and have comorbid conditions, even at young ages. This suggests that the cost of prescriptions should be considered when evaluating the economic burden of childhood obesity and that preventative strategies to reduce childhood obesity could be cost-effective in the short as well as in the long term. While more research is needed, both clinicians and policymakers should be aware of these findings when planning prevention and treatment strategies.
Women's perception of risks of adverse fetal pregnancy outcomes: a large-scale multinational survey
Authors: Petersen Irene , McCrea Rachel L , Lupattelli Angela , Nordeng Hedvig 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo determine pregnant women and new mothers’ perception of risks in pregnancy.Design, settings and participantsThis was a large-scale multinational survey including 9113 pregnant women and new mothers from 18 countries in Europe, North America and Australia.Main outcomesRisk perception scores (0–10) for harmful effects to the fetus were derived for: (1) medicines (over-the-counter medicine and prescribed medicine), (2) food substances (eggs and blue veined cheese), (3) herbal substances (ginger and cranberries) (4) alcohol and tobacco, and (5) thalidomide.ResultsOverall, 80% (6453/8131) of women perceived the risk of giving birth to a child with a birth defect to be ≤5 of 100 births. The women rated cranberries and ginger least harmful (mean risk perception scores 1.1 and 1.5 of 10, respectively) and antidepressants, alcohol, smoking and thalidomide as most harmful (7.6, 8.6, 9.2 and 9.4 out of 10, respectively). The perception varied with age, level of education, pregnancy status, profession and geographical region. Noticeably, 70% had not heard about thalidomide, but of those who had (2692/9113), the risk perception scores were 0.4–0.5 points lower in women below 25 years compared to women aged 26–30 years.ConclusionsIn general, women perceived the risks of giving birth to a child with birth defects low, but there were substantial disparities between women's perceived risks and the actual risks when it comes to over-the-counter agents against nausea and prescribed medication. The study revealed that few women knew of thalidomide, suggesting that the general awareness among women of the teratogenic effects of thalidomide is declining, but it has left a general scepticism about safety of medication in pregnancy. This may have some severe consequences if women are left without medical treatments in pregnancy.