bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible tip guides and intermediate catheters: two center experience and a proposed taxonomy
Authors: Hui Ferdinand K , Schuette A Jesse , Spiotta Alejandro M , Yim John , Obuchowski Nancy , Rasmussen Peter A , Hussain Mohammed Shazam , Cawley C Michael , Dion Jacques E , Tong Frank C 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundStable access to target lesions is foundational to endovascular therapy, be it in hemorrhagic or ischemic disease. Continued evolution in access technology has resulted in next generation catheters that afford improved trackability and proximal support.ObjectiveAssess safety and patterns of use at two high volume centers, and conceptualize usage patterns.Materials and methodsA retrospective review of 608 cases in which a ‘next generation’ catheter was used during 2008–2010 at Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, Ohio, USA) and throughout 2009–2010 at Emory University Hospital (Atlanta, Georgia, USA) was conducted, and the cases classified by indication. Catheter placement, distal most location, and related complications were recorded and experience summarized. We also reviewed the differences in the catheters and the rationale for catheter selection, as well as relative costs for each approach.Results311 Neuron 053, 166 Neuron 070, 36 distal access catheter (DAC) 3.9 F, 61 DAC 4.3 F, and 34 DAC 5.2 F catheters were deployed. Of these, 459 placements were in the anterior circulation, 130 in the posterior circulation, 11 in the external carotid artery, and eight were used intravenously. Complication rates were 9/131 (6.9%) for the DAC catheter group, 16/311 (5.1%) for the Neuron 053 group, and 14/166 (8.4%) for the Neuron 070 group (p=0.37, χ2test).ConclusionsNext generation access catheters possess characteristics that blend qualities of traditional microcatheters and stiff guide catheters. There was no statistically significant difference in complication rates between the various catheter families in this small retrospective review, and the complication rates were similar to historical complication rates.
The emergence of the Eoarchaean proto-arc: evolution of a
c.
3700 Ma convergent plate boundary at Isua, southern West Greenland
Authors: Nutman Allen P. , Bennett Vickie C. , Friend Clark R. L. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Eoarchaean juvenile crust formed as ‘proto-arcs’. The northern side of the Isua supracrustal belt is an archetypal proto-arc, with ≥3720 Ma boninites,
c.
3720 Ma basalts and gabbros, 3720–3710 Ma andesites, diorites and mafic tonalites, 3710–3700 Ma intermediate-felsic volcanic and sedimentary rocks and 3700–3690 Ma chemical sedimentary rocks. On its northern side there is an extensive body of 3700–3690 Ma tonalite. During its evolution, the
c.
3700 Ma Isua volcanic–sedimentary assemblage was partitioned into tectonic slices, with intercalation of mantle dunites with pillow basalts, prior to intrusion of
c.
3710 Ma quartz diorites. Partitioning also occurred at 3690–3660 Ma, when the 30–20 million years life of the
c.
3700 Ma Isua proto-arc was terminated by juxtaposition with the
c.
3800 Ma terrane that occurs along the south of the Isua supracrustal belt. The trace element chemistry for all the ≥3720–3700 Ma mafic to intermediate volcanic rocks indicates fluid-fluxing mantle melting. The
c.
3690 Ma tonalites have signatures showing melting of garnet-bearing mafic (eclogite) sources. The Isua
c.
3700 Ma assemblage developed at an intra-oceanic convergent plate boundary, and it has a life-cycle broadly analogous to (but not identical to) an oceanic island arc eventually accreted against older crust.
A Hf-isotope perspective on continent formation in the south Peruvian Andes
Authors: Boekhout Flora , Roberts Nick M. W. , Gerdes Axel , Schaltegger Urs 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Convergent continental margins are the primary host of both growth and loss of continental crust. Continental growth largely occurs via subduction-driven magmatism, whereas continental loss largely occurs via subduction erosion and sediment subduction. Because the latter typically involves partial recycling into magmas, both growth and loss of continental crust can be represented in the magmatic record. The degree of crustal recycling can be estimated from the initial Hf isotope signatures in both magmatic and detrital zircon grains. Recent insights into the geodynamic evolution of the Peruvian margin, in combination with a new dataset of Hf isotopic data on zircon from the Carboniferous to Early Cretaceous, enable us to (1) compare the geodynamic history of the southern Peruvian margin with its Hf isotopic evolution, and (2) quantify the crustal growth between 500 and 135 Ma. The data exhibit a correlation with trends in isotope composition v. time and reflect the dominantly extensional regime that prevailed from the onset of subduction from 530 Ma to
c.
135 Ma. This study demonstrates that the Peruvian margin experienced continental growth with juvenile input to arc magmatism of 30–45% on average, and illustrates the use of U–Pb and Hf isotopes in zircon as a tool to trace episodes of crustal growth through time.

Supplementary material:

Hf istopic analyses on zircon (A1 and A2) and new U–Pb zircon ages (A3) are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18661
.
Mutationally Activated PIK3CAH1047R Cooperates with BRAFV600E to Promote Lung Cancer Progression
Authors: Trejo Christy L. , Green Shon , Marsh Victoria , Collisson Eric A. , Iezza Gioia , Phillips Wayne A. , McMahon Martin 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the lung, a leading cause of cancer death, frequently displays mutational activation of the KRAS proto-oncogene but, unlike lung cancers expressing mutated EGFR, ROS1, or ALK, there is no pathway-targeted therapy for patients with KRAS-mutated lung cancer. In preclinical models, expression of oncogenic KRASG12D in the lung epithelium of adult mice initiates development of lung adenocarcinoma through activation of downstream signaling pathways. In contrast, mutationally activated BRAFV600E, a KRAS effector, fails to initiate lung carcinogenesis despite highly efficient induction of benign lung tumorigenesis. To test if phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-α (PIK3CA), another KRAS effector, might cooperate with oncogenic BRAFV600E to promote lung cancer progression, we used mice carrying a conditional allele of Pik3ca that allows conversion of the wild-type catalytic subunit of PIK3CA to mutationally activated PIK3CAH1047R. Although expression of PIK3CAH1047R in the lung epithelium, either alone or in combination with PTEN silencing, was without phenotype, concomitant expression of BRAFV600E and PIK3CAH1047R led to dramatically decreased tumor latency and increased tumor burden compared with BRAFV600E alone. Most notably, coexpression of BRAFV600E and PIK3CAH1047R elicited lung adenocarcinomas in a manner reminiscent of the effects of KRASG12D. These data emphasize a role for PI3K signaling, not in lung tumor initiation per se, but in both the rate of tumor growth and the propensity of benign lung tumors to progress to a malignant phenotype. Finally, biologic and biochemical analysis of BRAFV600E/PIK3CAH1047R-expressing mouse lung cancer cells revealed mechanistic clues about cooperative regulation of the cell-division cycle and apoptosis by these oncogenes. Cancer Res; 73(21); 6448–61. ©2013 AACR.
Telomere Length Varies By DNA Extraction Method: Implications for Epidemiologic Research
Authors: Cunningham Julie M. , Johnson Ruth A. , Litzelman Kristin , Skinner Halcyon G. , Seo Songwon , Engelman Corinne D. , Vanderboom Russell J. , Kimmel Grace W. , Gangnon Ronald E. , Riegert-Johnson Douglas L. , Baron John A. , Potter John D. , Haile Robert , Buchanan Daniel D. , Jenkins Mark A. , Rider David N. , Thibodeau Stephen N. , Petersen Gloria M. , Boardman Lisa A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Background: Both shorter and longer telomeres in peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) DNA have been associated with cancer risk. However, associations remain inconsistent across studies of the same cancer type. This study compares DNA preparation methods to determine telomere length from patients with colorectal cancer.
Methods: We examined PBL relative telomere length (RTL) measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in 1,033 patients with colorectal cancer and 2,952 healthy controls. DNA was extracted with phenol/chloroform, PureGene, or QIAamp.
Results: We observed differences in RTL depending on DNA extraction method (P &lt; 0.001). Phenol/chloroform-extracted DNA had a mean RTL (T/S ratio) of 0.78 (range 0.01–6.54) compared with PureGene-extracted DNA (mean RTL of 0.75; range 0.00–12.33). DNA extracted by QIAamp yielded a mean RTL of 0.38 (range 0.02–3.69). We subsequently compared RTL measured by qPCR from an independent set of 20 colorectal cancer cases and 24 normal controls in PBL DNA extracted by each of the three extraction methods. The range of RTL measured by qPCR from QIAamp-extracted DNA (0.17–0.58) was less than from either PureGene or phenol/chloroform (ranges, 0.04–2.67 and 0.32–2.81, respectively).
Conclusions: RTL measured by qPCR from QIAamp-extracted DNA was less than from either PureGene or phenol/chloroform (P &lt; 0.001).
Impact: Differences in DNA extraction method may contribute to the discrepancies between studies seeking to find an association between the risk of cancer or other diseases and RTL. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(11); 2047–54. ©2013 AACR.
Equol-Producing Status, Isoflavone Intake, and Breast Density in a Sample of U.S. Chinese Women
Authors: Tseng Marilyn , Byrne Celia , Kurzer Mindy S. , Fang Carolyn Y. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackground: Differences in ability to metabolize daidzein to equol might help explain inconsistent findings about isoflavones and breast cancer. We examined equol-producing status in relation to breast density, a marker of breast cancer risk, and evaluated whether an association of isoflavone intake with breast density differs by equol-producing status in a sample of Chinese immigrant women.Methods: Participants were 224 women, ages 36 to 58 years, enrolled in a study on diet and breast density. All women completed dietary recall interviews, underwent a soy challenge to assess equol-producing status, and received a mammogram assessed for breast density using a computer-assisted method.Results: In our sample, 30% were classified as equol producers. In adjusted linear regression models, equol producers had significantly lower mean dense tissue area (32.8 vs. 37.7 cm2, P = 0.03) and lower mean percent breast density (32% vs. 35%, P = 0.03) than nonproducers. Significant inverse associations of isoflavone intake with dense area and percent density were apparent, but only in equol producers (interaction P = 0.05 for both).Conclusions: These results support the possibility that equol-producing status affects breast density and that effects of isoflavones on breast density depend on ability to metabolize daidzein to equol.Impact: Although these findings warrant confirmation in a larger sample, they offer a possible explanation for the inconsistent findings about soy intake and breast density and possibly breast cancer risk as well. The findings further suggest the importance of identifying factors that influence equol-producing status and exploring appropriate targeting of interventions. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(11); 1975–83. ©2013 AACR.
Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonism as a Novel Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Skor Maxwell N. , Wonder Erin L. , Kocherginsky Masha , Goyal Anju , Hall Ben A. , Cai Yi , Conzen Suzanne D. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 10% to 20% of newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer. Finding effective targets for chemotherapy-resistant TNBC has proven difficult in part because of TNBC's molecular heterogeneity. We have previously reported that likely because of the antiapoptotic activity of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast epithelial and cancer cells, high GR expression/activity in early-stage TNBC significantly correlates with chemotherapy resistance and increased recurrence. We hypothesized that pretreatment with mifepristone, a GR antagonist, would potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapy in GR+ TNBCs by inhibiting the antiapoptotic signaling pathways of GR and increasing the cytotoxic efficiency of chemotherapy.
Experimental Design: TNBC cell apoptosis was examined in the context of physiologic glucocorticoid concentrations, chemotherapy, and/or pharmacologic concentrations of mifepristone. We used high-throughput live microscopy with continuous recording to measure apoptotic cells stained with a fluorescent dye and Western blot analysis to detect caspase-3 and PARP cleavage. The effect of mifepristone on GR-mediated gene expression was also measured. TNBC xenograft studies were performed in female severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice and tumors were measured following treatment with vehicle, paclitaxel, or mifepristone/paclitaxel.
Results: We found that although mifepristone treatment alone had no significant effect on TNBC cell viability or clonogenicity in the absence of chemotherapy, the addition of mifepristone to dexamethasone/paclitaxel treatment significantly increased cytotoxicity and caspase-3/PARP cleavage. Mifepristone also antagonized GR-induced SGK1 and MKP1/DUSP1 gene expression while significantly augmenting paclitaxel-induced GR+ MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor shrinkage in vivo.
Conclusions: These results suggest that mifepristone pretreatment could be a useful strategy for increasing tumor cell apoptosis in chemotherapy-resistant GR+ TNBC. Clin Cancer Res; 19(22); 6163–72. ©2013 AACR.
A Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Mcl-1 Blocks Pancreatic Cancer Growth In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Abulwerdi Fardokht , Liao Chenzhong , Liu Meilan , Azmi Asfar S. , Aboukameel Amro , Mady Ahmed S.A. , Gulappa Thippeswamy , Cierpicki Tomasz , Owens Scott , Zhang Tao , Sun Duxin , Stuckey Jeanne A. , Mohammad Ramzi M. , Nikolovska-Coleska Zaneta 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Using a high-throughput screening (HTS) approach, we have identified and validated several small-molecule Mcl-1 inhibitors (SMI). Here, we describe a novel selective Mcl-1 SMI inhibitor, 2 (UMI-77), developed by structure-based chemical modifications of the lead compound 1 (UMI-59). We have characterized the binding of UMI-77 to Mcl-1 by using complementary biochemical, biophysical, and computational methods and determined its antitumor activity against a panel of pancreatic cancer cells and an in vivo xenograft model. UMI-77 binds to the BH3-binding groove of Mcl-1 with Ki of 490 nmol/L, showing selectivity over other members of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family. UMI-77 inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, accompanied by cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that UMI-77 blocks the heterodimerization of Mcl-1/Bax and Mcl-1/Bak in cells, thus antagonizing the Mcl-1 function. The Bax/Bak-dependent induction of apoptosis was further confirmed using murine embryonic fibroblasts that are Bax- and Bak-deficient. In an in vivo BxPC-3 xenograft model, UMI-77 effectively inhibited tumor growth. Western blot analysis in tumor remnants revealed enhancement of proapoptotic markers and significant decrease of survivin. Collectively, these promising findings show the therapeutic potential of Mcl-1 inhibitors against pancreatic cancer and warrant further preclinical investigations. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(3); 565–75. ©2013 AACR.
Causes of Death and Influencing Factors in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Marijon Eloi , Le Heuzey Jean-Yves , Connolly Stuart , Yang Sean , Pogue Janice , Brueckmann Martina , Eikelboom John , Themeles Ellison , Ezekowitz Michael , Wallentin Lars , Yusuf Salim 
Published: September 2013

Background—
Atrial fibrillation is associated with increased mortality, but the specific causes of death and their predictors have not been described among patients on effective anticoagulant therapy.

Methods and Results—

The Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy (RE-LY) trial randomized 18 113 patients (age, 71.5±9 years; male, 64%; CHADS
2
score, 2.1±1) to receive dabigatran or warfarin. Median follow-up was 2 years, and complete follow-up was achieved in 99.9% of patients. All deaths were categorized by the investigators using prespecified definitions followed by central adjudication. Overall, 1371 deaths occurred (annual mortality rate, 3.84%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.64–4.05). Cardiac deaths (sudden cardiac death and progressive heart failure) accounted for 37.4% of all deaths, whereas stroke- and hemorrhage-related deaths represented 9.8% of the total mortality. An examination of the causes of death according to dabigatran or warfarin showed that dabigatran significantly reduced vascular (embolism and hemorrhage-related) mortality (relative risk, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45–0.88;
P
=0.007), whereas other causes of death were similar between treatments, including cardiac mortality (relative risk, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.80–1.15;
P
=0.638). The two strongest independent predictors of cardiac death in this population were heart failure (hazard ratio, 3.02; 95% CI, 2.45–3.73;
P
<0.0001), and prior myocardial infarction (hazard ratio, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.61–2.62;
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions—
The majority of deaths are not related to stroke in a contemporary anticoagulated atrial fibrillation population. These results emphasize the need to identify interventions beyond effective anticoagulation to further reduce mortality in atrial fibrillation.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00262600.
Gastrin and D
1
Dopamine Receptor Interact to Induce Natriuresis and Diuresis
Authors: Chen Yue , Asico Laureano D. , Zheng Shuo , Villar Van Anthony M. , He Duofen , Zhou Lin , Zeng Chunyu , Jose Pedro A. 
Published: September 2013

Oral NaCl produces a greater natriuresis and diuresis than the intravenous infusion of the same amount of NaCl. Gastrin is the major gastrointestinal hormone taken up by renal proximal tubule (RPT) cells. We hypothesized that renal gastrin and dopamine receptors interact to synergistically increase sodium excretion, an impaired interaction of which may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. In Wistar-Kyoto rats, infusion of gastrin induced natriuresis and diuresis, which was abrogated in the presence of a gastrin (cholecystokinin B receptor [CCK
B
R]; CI-988) or a D
1
-like receptor antagonist (SCH23390). Similarly, the natriuretic and diuretic effects of fenoldopam, a D
1
-like receptor agonist, were blocked by SCH23390, as well as by CI-988. However, the natriuretic effects of gastrin and fenoldopam were not observed in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The gastrin/D
1
-like receptor interaction was also confirmed in RPT cells. In RPT cells from Wistar-Kyoto but not spontaneously hypertensive rats, stimulation of either D
1
-like receptor or gastrin receptor inhibited Na
+
-K
+
-ATPase activity, an effect that was blocked in the presence of SCH23390 or CI-988. In RPT cells from Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats, CCK
B
R and D
1
receptor coimmunoprecipitated, which was increased after stimulation of either D
1
receptor or CCK
B
R in RPT cells from Wistar-Kyoto rats; stimulation of one receptor increased the RPT cell membrane expression of the other receptor, effects that were not observed in spontaneously hypertensive rats. These data suggest that there is a synergism between CCK
B
R and D
1
-like receptors to increase sodium excretion. An aberrant interaction between the renal CCK
B
R and D
1
-like receptors (eg, D
1
receptor) may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
Fin size and associated fanning behaviour as indicators of reproductive status in male round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus)
Authors: Wantola Kristina , Clelland Eric , Grande Gianfranco , Corkum Lynda D. 
Published: September 2013

Determination of male reproductive status in the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) can be challenging because current metrics do not always reflect steroid production. In many fishes, fin size changes during the reproductive season; therefore, fins may provide additional information about reproductive status. In some species, fin size correlates with fanning behaviour; a trait common in fish species that exhibit male parental care as it is important for egg maintenance. Because male fanning begins before spawning, fanning also may play a role in pheromone dispersal and courtship, potential indicators of reproductive status. Initially, we examined which morphological metrics (head width, total length, condition, fin size) best delineated groups of reproductive and non-reproductive male gobies (determined using the gonadosomatic index, GSI). Surface areas of fused pelvic fins and caudal fins best separated these groups of males. Using video recordings of nest-guarding male gobies, we characterised both pectoral and caudal fanning behaviour. Rates of maximum caudal fanning (fin beats per minute) were higher than rates of pectoral fanning; however, caudal fanning overall was less frequent than pectoral fanning. Subsequently, we determined if fanning metrics were related to 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), GSI and morphological traits. No relationship was found between any of the fanning or morphological metrics and GSI values or 11-KT. However, there was a significant relationship between the maximum pectoral fanning rate and condition factor of males. These findings suggest that relative fin size, but not fanning behaviours, may be useful metrics to measure reproductive status.
The Deep Ocean Buoyancy Budget and Its Temporal Variability
Authors: Palter Jaime B. , Griffies Stephen M. , Samuels Bonita L. , Galbraith Eric D. , Gnanadesikan Anand , Klocker Andreas 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Despite slow rates of ocean mixing, observational and modeling studies suggest that buoyancy is redistributed to all depths of the ocean on surprisingly short interannual to decadal time scales. The mechanisms responsible for this redistribution remain poorly understood. This work uses an Earth system model to evaluate the global steady-state ocean buoyancy (and related steric sea level) budget, its interannual variability, and its transient response to a doubling of CO2 over 70 years, with a focus on the deep ocean. At steady state, the simple view of vertical advective–diffusive balance for the deep ocean holds at low to midlatitudes. At higher latitudes, the balance depends on a myriad of additional terms, namely mesoscale and submesoscale advection, convection and overflows from marginal seas, and terms related to the nonlinear equation of state. These high-latitude processes rapidly communicate anomalies in surface buoyancy forcing to the deep ocean locally; the deep, high-latitude changes then influence the large-scale advection of buoyancy to create transient deep buoyancy anomalies at lower latitudes. Following a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, the high-latitude buoyancy sinks are suppressed by a slowdown in convection and reduced dense water formation. This change is accompanied by a slowing of both upper and lower cells of the global meridional overturning circulation, reducing the supply of dense water to low latitudes beneath the pycnocline and the commensurate flow of light waters to high latitudes above the pycnocline. By this mechanism, changes in high-latitude buoyancy are communicated to the global deep ocean on relatively fast advective time scales.