bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impacts of Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves on Extreme Rainfall in Northern Australia
Authors: Muhammad Fadhlil R. , Vincent Claire , King Andrew , Lubis Sandro W. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) with an off-equatorial convective center, such as equatorial Rossby (ER) waves, mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG) waves, and tropical depression (TD)-type waves, can be the potential sources of predictability for subseasonal to seasonal prediction over northern Australia. To establish the statistical relationship of the wave–rainfall interaction, we investigate the influences of CCEWs on rainfall means and extremes during the austral summer (December–February) and autumn (March–May) from 1981 to 2018. The results show that ER waves increase the average daily rainfall by up to 7 mm day−1 (4 mm day−1) during the austral summer (autumn) and increase the probability of extreme rainfall (above the 90th percentile) by around 1.5–2.4 times (summer) and 1.1–1.8 times (autumn) relative to climatology. MRG and TD-type waves are shown to have a smaller impact, increasing rainfall by around 1–4 mm day−1 (1–1.5 and 1–3 mm day−1) during the summer (autumn) and extreme probability by 1.4–1.6 times and 1.25–1.9 times (1.3–1.8 times and 1.27–1.7 times), respectively. The increase in rainfall can be attributed to the enhancement of moisture convergence during the time of the rainfall. Furthermore, moisture gain and enhancement of moisture advection were found ahead of the convective center. Additionally, we find that interactions between multiple waves can act to amplify or suppress the mean daily and probability of extreme rainfall. This research highlights the important role of CCEWs on northern Australian precipitation variability.

Significance Statement
This research is the first to delve into the significant role of convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) on subseasonal rainfall variability over northern Australia, particularly equatorial Rossby (ER) waves, mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG) waves, and tropical-depression-type (TD-type) waves. A robust statistical relationship is found between these waves and rainfall, suggesting these waves are major contributors to increased daily rainfall and extreme rainfall probabilities during austral summer and autumn. These findings emphasize the significance of CCEWs on northern Australian rainfall variability and highlight the potential of CCEWs for subseasonal to seasonal forecasts in Australia.
Effect of Takeover Request Time and Warning Modality on Trust in L3 Automated Driving
Authors: Wu Yu , Yao Xiaoyu , Deng Fenghui , Yuan Xiaofang 
Published: August 2024

Objective This study investigated the effects of four takeover request (TOR) times and seven warning modalities on performance and trust in automated driving on a mildly congested urban road scenario, as well as the relationship between takeover performance and trust. Background Takeover is crucial in L3 automated driving, where human–machine codriving is employed. Establishing trust in takeover scenarios among drivers can enhance the acceptance of autonomous vehicles, thereby promoting their widespread adoption. Method Using a driving simulator, data from 28 participants, including collision counts, takeover time (ToT), electrodermal activity (EDA) data, and self-reported trust scores, were collected and analyzed primarily using Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM). Results Collisions during the takeover undermined participants’ trust in the autonomous driving system. As TOR time increased, participants’ trust improved, and the longer TOR time did not lead to participant confusion. There was no significant relationship between warning modality and trust. Furthermore, the combination of three warning modalities did not exhibit a notable advantage over the combination of two modalities. Conclusion The study examined the effects of TOR time and warning modality on trust, as well as preliminarily explored the potential association between takeover performance, including collisions and ToT, and trust in autonomous driving takeovers. Application Researchers and designers of automotive interactions were given referenceable TOR time and warning modality by this study, which extended the autonomous driving takeover scenarios. These findings contributed to boosting drivers’ confidence in transferring control to the automated system.
A case and intervention for older adult sexual mistreatment
Authors: Flores Renee J. , Murdock Cristina , Halphen John , Reyes-Ortiz Carlos , Burnett Jason 
Published: August 2024

Background The sexual mistreatment of older adults is a significant public health issue; like other forms of sexual violence, it is more prevalent than officially reported. Survivors often hesitate to speak out due to feelings of embarrassment, fear, or potential cognitive impairments. Moreover, the concealment of such mistreatment, coupled with societal stigmas surrounding aging and sexuality, creates challenges in recognizing sexual mistreatment during routine or emergency room visits. Purpose This paper provides a framework for informing physicians, psychiatrists, and other healthcare providers on best practices screening, detection, and management of sexual mistreatment in older adults. Methods A literature review of older adult sexual mistreatment articles between 2005-2024 was conducted. Results Medical professionals and psychiatrists are well-positioned to raise awareness and identify sexual mistreatment in older adults and manage such situations when suspected. Conclusion Assessing suspected sexual mistreatment can improve detection, responsiveness, and patient safety for older adults through an interprofessional approach.
Numerical study and experimental validation of heat transfer in a CenoPCM reinforced multi-layered meta-material wall for energy efficient buildings
Authors: R Greesan , C Mekala , B Rajesh 
Published: August 2024

Increasing concerns about energy consumption have led to an increasing need for buildings that can efficiently manage heat transfer and reduce reliance on active heating or cooling systems. The combination of cenosphere cementitious layers, meta-material layers, and cenoPCM in the proposed wall aims to overcome the limitations of traditional construction materials and provide a potential solution for improved heat transfer control. This study presents numerical modeling and simulations of the proposed wall using SolidWorks and ANSYS software. The thermal performances are evaluated with both heating and cooling loads to determine the thermal efficiency of selected PCMs as well as the Meta-Material Wall Systems. Analysis indicates that the heat transfer between the outer and inner layer is restricted to around 30°C, which is almost 20°C less than the outer wall temperature, while applying heating and cooling loads simultaneously at the outer and inner layers for 120 min. Practical application In this study the heat transfer in a cenosphere Phase Change Material reinforced Multilayer Meta-material Wall (cenoPCM-MMW) is analyzed numerically as well as experimentally. This study provides real insight to the optimization of heat transfer in buildings, which has potential practical application in the form of improved building energy efficiency. The proposed ceno cementitious layer could, for example, act as a surface finishing layer for buildings which are located in high ambient temperature zones leading to reduced indoor temperature, improved thermal comfort, and reduced HVAC-related energy use due to its heat storage capacity.
Effect of working hours on prognosis of acute ischemic stroke patients following alteplase intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Wang JingDa , Yi XingYang , Mi Qian 
Published: August 2024

Objective To investigate the effect of hospital working hours on outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke 3 months after receiving alteplase intravenous thrombolysis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 254 individuals with acute ischemic stroke who received alteplase intravenous thrombolysis between January 2018 and December 2020 either during peak hospital working hours (08:00–17:59; Group A) or off-peak hours (18:00–07:59 the following day; Group B). Patients were also categorized according to which of four peak/off-peak-hour periods they received treatment in: Group 1 (08:00–11:59), Group 2 (12:00–17:59), Group 3 (18:00–21:59), Group 4 (22:00–07:59 the following day). Baseline data and 3-month prognosis were compared across groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the correlation between hospital working hours and 3-month prognosis. Results There were no significant differences in door-to-needle time, onset-to-needle time, 24-hour National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, 7-day NIHSS score or Modified Rankin Score between Groups 1 to 4 or between Groups A and B. Whether treatment was administered during peak or off-peak hours did not significantly affect 3-month prognosis. Conclusion At this hospital, differences in the time at which stroke patients were treated were not associated with outcomes.
Long-term safety of zavegepant nasal spray for the acute treatment of migraine: A phase 2/3 open-label study
Authors: Mullin Kathleen , Croop Robert , Mosher Linda , Fullerton Terence , Madonia Jennifer , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: August 2024

Background Zavegepant is the first small molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist for intranasal administration for the acute treatment of migraine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of zavegepant in the acute treatment of migraine under repeated, as-needed dosing for up to one year. Methods This phase 2/3, one-year open-label safety study of zavegepant 10 mg nasal spray for the acute treatment of migraine enrolled adults aged ≥18 years with a history of two to eight moderate to severe monthly migraine attacks. Participants used one dose of zavegepant as needed to self-treat migraine attacks of any severity, up to eight times per month, for 52 weeks. Results Participants were enrolled between 29 June and 4 December 2020. Of the 608 participants entering long-term treatment, 603 were treated with study drug. Participants administered a mean (SD) of 3.1 (1.55) zavegepant doses per month. There were no deaths. Of the seven serious adverse events reported, none was considered related to treatment. Altogether, 6.8% (41/603) of treated participants had an adverse event leading to study drug discontinuation. The most frequent adverse event leading to discontinuation was dysgeusia (1.5% [9/603]). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (≥5% of participants) were dysgeusia (39.1% [236/603]); nasal discomfort (10.3% [62/603]); COVID-19 (7.5% [45/603]); nausea (6.1% [37/603]); nasal congestion and throat irritation (5.5% [33/603] each); and back pain (5.3% [32/603]). Aminotransferases >3x the upper limit of normal occurred in 2.6% [16/603] of participants; none had concurrent elevations in bilirubin >2x upper limit of normal. Conclusions One year of zavegepant 10 mg nasal spray up to eight times per month was safe and well tolerated. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04408794
Implications for Femoral Tunnel Placement in Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Considering the Sagittal Trochlear Groove Curvature in Severe Trochlear Dysplasia Before and After Deepening Trochleoplasty
Authors: Balcarek Peter , Zimmerer Alexander , Wassilew Georgi I. , Gebhardt Sebastian 
Published: August 2024

Background: Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFL-R) aims to restore proper ligament function with minimal changes in length during range of motion, yet the ideal area for femoral fixation of the graft remains controversial. Purpose: To determine the region where the isometric circular path of a simulated MPFL graft (best-fit circle) follows the sagittal radius curvature of the trochlea in normal (nontrochlear dysplastic) knees and to evaluate the best-fit circle coverage of different femoral fixation points in knees with severe trochlear dysplasia (TD) and after deepening trochleoplasty. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twelve patients (4 male, 8 female; mean age, 24 ± 8 years) who underwent surgical treatment for recurrent lateral patellar instability due to severe TD were prospectively enrolled in this study. Four previously defined reference points for the femoral MPFL-R (Schöttle, Fujino, Stephen, and Oka) were identified, and the best-fit circle was drawn along the sagittal trochlear groove curvature. The divergence between each best-fit circle and the trochlear groove was calculated, with negative values indicating relative slackening and positive values indicating relative tightening of the simulated MPFL graft. Measurements were made on true-lateral fluoroscopic images before and after deepening trochleoplasty and compared with those of a sex-matched control group. Results: The best-fit circle of the Schöttle point followed the sagittal curvature of the trochlea most closely in both the control and trochlear dysplastic knees, followed by the Fujino, Stephen, and Oka points. As the radius of the trochlear groove curvature increased, the divergence of all best-fit circles to the trochlear groove became negative (all P < .05). This effect was most pronounced at the Stephen and Oka points, followed by the Fujino and Schöttle points (all P < .05). After deepening trochleoplasty, the divergence of the Schöttle point changed toward positive values (11.6% at 40°; P < .001). Concurrently, the best-fit circle divergence of all other reference points improved toward baseline (all P < .05). Conclusion: The isometric circle of the Schöttle point provides the best congruence with the sagittal trochlear groove curvature in both the normal trochlea and the dysplastic trochlea. After trochleoplasty, the best-fit circles of more distal femoral fixation points resulted in better congruence with the deepened trochlear groove, whereas the best-fit circle of Schöttle indicated graft tension during flexion. Clinical Relevance: According to the present study, different femoral fixation points should be considered depending on whether the TD is corrected.
Performance study of modified ammonium polyphosphate/natural mineral synergistic flame retardant corn straw/polypropylene composites
Authors: Zhao Zihan , Meng Lingyu , Li Xiangrui , Li Chunfeng , Le Lei , Liu Mingli 
Published: August 2024

In the present work, corn straw/polypropylene/modified ammonium polyphosphate composites (CS/PP/KAPP) were prepared by employing melt blending and hot-pressing methods. Due to the high production cost of KAPP and the fact that a large amount of KAPP can reduce the mechanical properties of wood plastic composite (WPC), natural minerals were used to replace some of KAPP to improve the flame retardancy. The results showed that, for all the studied groups, when the amount of ultrafine montmorillonite was 8.6 wt%, the flame retardancy of the co-effective flame retardant was better than that of the pure KAPP group. Meanwhile, the obtained oxygen index of the composite was 30.2%, with a vertical combustion class of V-0. In the other groups, the ultimate oxygen indices of the composites were lower than that of the pure KAPP group due to the reduced content of KAPP. The results showed that the three co-effective flame retardants formed a dense carbon layer during combustion. This enhanced the rate of formation of carbon and reduced the release of smoke and carbon monoxide. In addition, the three natural minerals were found to play a good filling role, enhancing the mechanical properties of the composites, improving their thermal stability, and reducing their rates of absorption of water.
Injectable nanogels to improve triamcinolone acetonide delivery and toxicity on the treatment of eye diseases
Authors: Erdal Ebru 
Published: August 2024

Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is a corticosteroid, and widely used in the treatment of eye diseases such as macular edema, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and chronic uveitis. It’s also used in diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Despite the width of its usage, it has toxicity in the eye. Nanogels are advantageous in applying toxic and low bioavailability drugs thanks to their swelling ability and stability. In the presented study, to minimize the disadvantages of TA, and to reach the drug into the back segment of the eye, TA-loaded chitosan (CS) nanogel (CS-TA Nanogel) has been prepared, and in vitro characterized. CS-TA nanogels were prepared by ionic gelation and characterized by SEM, FTIR, and TGA. Drug release profile, and in vitro cytotoxicity was determined to evaluate the efficacy of nanogels for intravitreal eye applications. DNA damage, and oxidative stress caused by nanogels in eye endothelial cells were investigated. CS and CS-TA nanogels were synthesized in the sizes range 200-300 nm with an overall positive charge surface. The loading efficiency of TA on nanogels was determined as 50%. Cells exposed to 250 µg/ml free TA showed 74% viability, while this rate was 90% in cells exposed to CS-TA nanogels. 8-OHdG levels were determined as 54.93 ± 1.118 ng/mL in control cells and 92.47 ± 0.852 ng/mL in cells exposed to 250 µg/ml TA. TA both induces oxidative stress and causes DNA damage in HRMEC cells. However, administration of TA with carrier increased cell viability, total antioxidant capacity, and reduced oxidative DNA damage.
Fostering Trust in Public Health Messaging: Tailoring Communication for Rural Parents
Authors: Passmore Susan Racine , Henning Emma , Margalit Cotter Lynne , Bhattar Mahima , Yang Sijia , Latham Emily , Schultz Daniel , Jones Malia 
Published: August 2024

Purpose As pandemic-related mistrust of public health recommendations in rural communities may compound gaps in pediatric immunizations, our team explored parents’ perceptions of trustworthiness in messaging. Design Qualitative study using 4 virtual focus groups. Setting Rural Wisconsin. Participants Participants (n = 25) were parents or guardians of children recruited through our contacts with community-based organizations serving rural communities. Methods Researchers used task-oriented elicitation techniques to initiate discussion on the trustworthiness of messengers and messages providing health recommendations. Participants were asked to (1) review existing public health messaging on a range of topics and from a range of sponsors; and (2) rank a list of potential messengers in terms of trustworthiness (eg, local health department, Centers for Disease Control). Discussions were recorded, and audio files transcribed, to facilitate a team-based, thematic analysis. Results Competency in medical knowledge and parenting experience contributed to estimations of trustworthiness. Participants also responded well to messages and messengers that were able to project recognition of their children’s uniqueness and their experience as parents. Participants distrusted messengers who were seen as biased or “one-sided” in their perspectives. Conclusions For successful health promotion for rural-living parents, messengers must be recognized as “competent” to provide pediatric health advice and to avoid blanket recommendations that may undermine parents’ experience and feelings of being “understood” and affect perceptions of trustworthiness.
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility at ITC: A Stakeholder Model
Authors: Sinha Shiv Nath 
Published: August 2024

ITC, a diversified Indian conglomerate, is a pioneer in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities in India. CSR has always been a top priority for the company, with significant resources allocated to social responsibilities even before the government mandated it in 2013. Today, ITC is involved in various social activities, including increasing agricultural productivity, improving animal husbandry, upgrading rural youth skills, enhancing rural education, promoting sustainable livelihoods and improving rural sanitation. Despite these efforts, the CSR Head faces challenges in prioritizing different CSR initiatives and deciding on a strategic approach. He must determine whether to focus on projects aligned with stakeholder needs or to follow the range of activities suggested by the government. This decision is critical and complex. Which direction should he choose?
Role of Galectin-9, CXCL-10, APRIL, TNFRII and BAFF as Biomarkers in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Dunga Saikumar , Gopal Aishwarya , Mariaselvam Christina Mary , Babu Prakash , Thabah Molly Mary , Negi Vir Singh , Kavadichanda Chengappa 
Published: August 2024

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate serum biomarkers (Galectin-9, TNFRII, APRIL, CXCL10, and BAFF) for their utility in identifying disease activity in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) Methods: We enrolled adult patients who satisfied the 2017 EULAR/ACR criteria for IIM and categorised them into active (n = 16) and inactive (n = 24) subgroups. Inactive disease was defined as the absence of global and extramuscular activity, stable manual muscle testing 8 (MMT-8), and normal muscle enzymes over at least 6 months. We measured serum biomarkers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at baseline, 3 and 6 months. We employed Spearman’s correlation, ROC curves, and multiple linear regression for evaluation. Results: We included 40 patients (mean age 38 ± 10 years; median disease duration 27.5 months). The majority had dermatomyositis (DM) (62.5%), followed by anti-synthetase syndrome (ASSD) (27.5%) and polymyositis (10%). Galectin-9, APRIL, and TNFRII levels were significantly higher in active disease ( P < .05). Galectin-9 demonstrated a modest correlation with MMT-8 changes (r = 0.534). A combination of Galectin-9, TNFRII, APRIL and creatine kinase (CK) levels showed the highest ROC AUC (0.953) to detect active disease. During the study, four patients initially categorised as ‘inactive’ patients exhibited improvement of 10% in MMT-8 over 6 months. To enhance sensitivity for detecting these clinically active diseases, we assessed Galectin-9 at lower cut-offs. Levels of 1146 pg/mL and 1109 pg/mL improved sensitivity to identify active disease to 81% and 87%, respectively, without compromising specificity. Conclusion: Serum biomarkers, Galectin-9, TNFRII, and APRIL, may help in differentiating between active and inactive disease in adult IIM. Notably, persistently elevated Galectin-9 levels, even in clinically quiescent disease, may signify ongoing activity.
Pharmacotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy prescription for women with depressive and anxiety disorders in a psychiatric mother-baby unit
Authors: Saluja Sushreya , Cooter Anna , Roberts Susan , Branjerdporn Grace 
Published: August 2024

Objective The purpose of this study was to understand the pharmacotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) prescription of women with depression and anxiety admitted to an Australian inpatient psychiatric mother-baby unit (MBU) and compare prescription to national clinical practice guidelines. Method A retrospective audit was conducted on women diagnosed with depression or anxiety admitted to a public psychiatric inpatient MBU from March 2017 to July 2019. Data was captured at three time points to assess demographic, clinical and pharmacotherapy treatment characteristics. Descriptive statistics were completed. Results Of the 74 women, 57 women had depression, with 73% prescribed Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and 14% provided ECT during admission. For women with anxiety ( n = 17), 23% were prescribed a benzodiazepine with concurrent antidepressant prescription. SSRI prescription increased, with other antidepressant prescription up trending through admission. Atypical antipsychotic prescription was increased initially and trended downwards at discharge. Conclusions This study explored the therapeutic armamentarium employed for the treatment of mothers admitted to an inpatient psychiatric MBU with depression and anxiety. The results point to the intricate prescribing practices in a naturalistic setting and highlight that prescribing practices were in line with national guidelines.