bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil tests for predicting nitrogen supply for grassland under controlled environmental conditions
Authors: MCDONALD N. T. , WATSON C. J. , LAUGHLIN R. J. , LALOR S. T. J. , GRANT J. , WALL D. P. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYMineralized soil nitrogen (N) is an important source of N for grassland production. Some soils can supply large quantities of plant-available N through mineralization of soil organic matter. Grass grown on such soils require less fertilizer N applications per unit yield. A reliable, accurate and user-friendly method to account for soil N supply potential across a large diversity of soils and growing conditions is needed to improve N management and N recommendations over time. In the current study, the effectiveness of chemical N tests and soil properties to predict soil N supply for grass uptake across 30 Irish soil types varying in N supply potential was investigated under controlled environmental conditions. The Illinois soil N test (ISNT) combined with soil C : N ratio provided a good estimate of soil N supply in soils with low residual mineral N. Total oxidized N (TON) had the largest impact on grass dry matter (DM) yield and N uptake across the 30 soil types, declining in its influence in later growth periods. This reflected the high initial mineral N levels in these soils, which declined over time. In the current study, a model with ISNT-N, C : N and TON (log TON) best explained variability in grass DM yield and N uptake. All three rapid chemical soil tests could be performed routinely on field samples to provide an estimate of soil N supply prior to making N fertilizer application decisions. It can be concluded that these soil tests, through their assessment of soil N supply potential, can be effective tools for N management on grassland; however, field studies are needed to evaluate this under more diverse growing conditions.
Behavioural changes and muscle strength inRattus norvegicusexperimentally infected withToxocara catiandT. canis
Authors: Santos S.V. , Moura J.V.L. , Lescano S.A.Z. , Castro J.M. , Ribeiro M.C.S.A. , Chieffi P.P. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractToxocara canisandToxocara catiare nematode parasites in dogs and cats, respectively, transmitted by ingestion of embryonated eggs, transmammary and transplacental (T. canis) routes and paratenic host predation. Many parasites use mechanisms that change the behaviour of their hosts to ensure continued transmission. Several researchers have demonstrated behavioural changes in mouse models as paratenic hosts forT. canis. However, there have been no studies on behavioural changes in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus)experimentally infected withT. cati. This study investigated behavioural changes and muscle strength in male and female rats experimentally infected withT. catiorT. canisin acute and chronic phases of infection. Regardless of sex, rats infected withT. catishowed a greater decrease in muscle strength 42 days post infection compared to rats infected withT. canis. However, behavioural changes were only observed in female rats infected withT. canis.
Magicians' Trade Catalogs
Authors: Kattelman Beth A. 
Published: April 2014

In her essay in the most recent Re: Sources column, Sharon Marcus argues for the importance of theatrical scrapbooks as historical resources and notes that, to date, they have been largely neglected. I offer the current essay as a companion piece to Marcus's in that I would like to argue for the importance of another largely neglected resource for theatre researchers: trade catalogs. Specifically, I will focus on the mail-order trade catalogs of magic supply houses that were prevalent throughout the twentieth century until Web sites took over as the primary marketing tools for these establishments. I also draw upon Christopher B. Balme's idea that historiographic rewards can be earned by paying close attention to the information contained in theatrical playbills. Balme posits that one reason playbills have been neglected is because they are considered to be further removed from a theatrical performance than visual evidence such as photographs, designs, or videos:In comparison to theatre iconography—which in superficial readings would seem to offer the promise of access to the theatrical event, a performance on the stage (which of course it seldom does)—the playbill is foreplay but not the act itself. Like most foreplay, the playbill is clearly designed to excite, to stimulate; but for the scholar in search of the real thing, the transcendent experience and enchantment that is the “performance,” playbills represent a kind of archival ludus interruptus.
Searching out Roman Inscribed and Sculptured Stones on the Antonine Wall in 1723
Authors: Keppie Lawrence 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCorrespondence addressed to the antiquary Sir John Clerk, 2nd baronet of Penicuik, Midlothian, allows us to document the initial recording in 1723 of Roman inscriptions and relief sculpture observed at several forts along the line of the Antonine Wall between the Forth and Clyde, and the arrangements put in place to transport them to his home at Penicuik House. Particularly valuable is a series of drawings, which are sometimes our only visual record of the stones.
Multimodal Emotion Integration in Bipolar Disorder: An Investigation of Involuntary Cross-Modal Influences between Facial and Prosodic Channels
Authors: Van Rheenen Tamsyn E. , Rossell Susan L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe ability to integrate information from different sensory channels is a vital process that serves to facilitate perceptual decoding in times of unimodal ambiguity. Despite its relevance to psychosocial functioning, multimodal integration of emotional information across facial and prosodic modes has not been addressed in bipolar disorder (BD). In light of this paucity of research we investigated multimodal processing in a BD cohort using a focused attention paradigm. Fifty BD patients and 52 healthy controls completed a task assessing the cross-modal influence of emotional prosody on facial emotion recognition across congruent and incongruent facial and prosodic conditions, where attention was directed to the facial channel. There were no differences in multi-modal integration between groups at the level of accuracy, but differences were evident at the level of response time; emotional prosody biased facial recognition latencies in the control group only, where a fourfold increase in response times was evident between congruent and incongruent conditions relative to patients. The results of this study indicate that the automatic process of integrating multimodal information from facial and prosodic sensory channels is delayed in BD. Given that interpersonal communication usually occurs in real time, these results have implications for social functioning in the disorder. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–9)
Mapping Dynamical Mechanical Properties of Osteonal Bone by Scanning Acoustic Microscopy in Time-of-Flight Mode
Authors: Blouin Stéphane , Puchegger Stephan , Roschger Andreas , Berzlanovich Andrea , Fratzl Peter , Klaushofer Klaus , Roschger Paul 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAn important determinant of mechanical properties of bone is Young’s modulus and its variation in individual osteons of cortical bone tissue. Its mechanical behavior also depends on deformation rate owing to its visco- or poroelastic properties. We developed a method to measure dynamical mechanical properties of bulk bone tissue at osteonal level based on scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) using time-of-flight (TOF) measurements in combination with quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI). SAM-TOF yields local sound velocities and qBEI corresponding material densities together providing elastic properties. Osteons (n=55) were measured in three human femoral diaphyseal ground bone sections (∼30µm in thickness). In addition, subchondral bone and mineralized articular cartilage were investigated. The mean mineral contents, the mean sound velocities, and the mean elastic modulus of the osteons ranged from 20 to 26 wt%, from 3,819 to 5,260 m/s, and from 21 to 44 GPa, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between material density and sound velocity (Pearson’sr=0.701;p<0.0001) of the osteons. Sound velocities between cartilage and bone was similar, though material density was higher in cartilage (+4.46%,p<0.0001). These results demonstrate the power of SAM-TOF to estimate dynamic mechanical properties of the bone materials at the osteonal level.
Trapping of drops by wetting defects
Authors: 't Mannetje Dieter , Ghosh Somnath , Lagraauw Rudy , Otten Simon , Pit Arjen , Berendsen Christian , Zeegers Jos , van den Ende Dirk , Mugele Frieder 
Published: April 2014

AbstractControlling the motion of drops on solid surfaces is crucial in many natural phenomena and technological processes including the collection and removal of rain drops, cleaning technology and heat exchangers. Topographic and chemical heterogeneities on solid surfaces give rise to pinning forces that can capture and steer drops in desired directions. Here we determine general physical conditions required for capturing sliding drops on an inclined plane that is equipped with electrically tunable wetting defects. By mapping the drop dynamics on the one-dimensional motion of a point mass, we demonstrate that the trapping process is controlled by two dimensionless parameters, the trapping strength measured in units of the driving force and the ratio between a viscous and an inertial time scale. Complementary experiments involving superhydrophobic surfaces with wetting defects demonstrate the general applicability of the concept. Moreover, we show that electrically tunable defects can be used to guide sliding drops along actively switchable tracks—with potential applications in microfluidics.
Lin28a regulates neuronal differentiation and controls miR-9 production
Authors: Nowak Jakub S. , Choudhury Nila Roy , de Lima Alves Flavia , Rappsilber Juri , Michlewski Gracjan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractmicroRNAs shape the identity and function of cells by regulating gene expression. It is known that brain-specific miR-9 is controlled transcriptionally; however, it is unknown whether post-transcriptional processes contribute to establishing its levels. Here we show that miR-9 is regulated transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally during neuronal differentiation of the embryonic carcinoma cell line P19. We demonstrate that miR-9 is more efficiently processed in differentiated than in undifferentiated cells. We reveal that Lin28a affects miR-9 by inducing the degradation of its precursor through a uridylation-independent mechanism. Furthermore, we show that constitutively expressed untagged but not GFP-tagged Lin28a decreases differentiation capacity of P19 cells, which coincides with reduced miR-9 levels. Finally, using an inducible system we demonstrate that Lin28a can also reduce miR-9 levels in differentiated P19 cells. Together, our results shed light on the role of Lin28a in neuronal differentiation and increase our understanding of the mechanisms regulating the level of brain-specific microRNAs.
Broadband Antireflection and Light Extraction Enhancement in Fluorescent SiC with Nanodome Structures
Authors: Ou Yiyu , Zhu Xiaolong , Jokubavicius Valdas , Yakimova Rositza , Mortensen N. Asger , Syväjärvi Mikael , Xiao Sanshui , Ou Haiyan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe demonstrate a time-efficient and low-cost approach to fabricate Si3N4 coated nanodome structures in fluorescent SiC. Nanosphere lithography is used as the nanopatterning method and SiC nanodome structures with Si3N4 coating are formed via dry etching and thin film deposition process. By using this method, a significant broadband surface antireflection and a considerable omnidirectional luminescence enhancement are obtained. The experimental observations are then supported by numerical simulations. It is believed that our fabrication method will be well suitable for large-scale production in the future.
relax: the analysis of biomolecular kinetics and thermodynamics using NMR relaxation dispersion data
Authors: Morin Sébastien , Linnet Troels E. , Lescanne Mathilde , Schanda Paul , Thompson Gary S. , Tollinger Martin , Teilum Kaare , Gagné Stéphane , Marion Dominique , Griesinger Christian , Blackledge Martin , d’Auvergne Edward J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful tool for observing the motion of biomolecules at the atomic level. One technique, the analysis of relaxation dispersion phenomenon, is highly suited for studying the kinetics and thermodynamics of biological processes. Built on top of the relax computational environment for NMR dynamics is a new dispersion analysis designed to be comprehensive, accurate and easy-to-use. The software supports more models, both numeric and analytic, than current solutions. An automated protocol, available for scripting and driving the graphical user interface (GUI), is designed to simplify the analysis of dispersion data for NMR spectroscopists. Decreases in optimization time are granted by parallelization for running on computer clusters and by skipping an initial grid search by using parameters from one solution as the starting point for another —using analytic model results for the numeric models, taking advantage of model nesting, and using averaged non-clustered results for the clustered analysis.
Availability and implementation: The software relax is written in Python with C modules and is released under the GPLv3+ license. Source code and precompiled binaries for all major operating systems are available from http://www.nmr-relax.com .
Contact: edward@nmr-relax.com
Time-varying natural mortality in fisheries stock assessment models: identifying a default approach
Authors: Johnson Kelli F. , Monnahan Cole C. , McGilliard Carey R. , Vert-pre Katyana A. , Anderson Sean C. , Cunningham Curry J. , Hurtado-Ferro Felipe , Licandeo Roberto R. , Muradian Melissa L. , Ono Kotaro , Szuwalski Cody S. , Valero Juan L. , Whitten Athol R. , Punt A. E. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A typical assumption used in most fishery stock assessments is that natural mortality (M) is constant across time and age. However, M is rarely constant in reality as a result of the combined impacts of exploitation history, predation, environmental factors, and physiological trade-offs. Misspecification or poor estimation of M can lead to bias in quantities estimated using stock assessment methods, potentially resulting in biased estimates of fishery reference points and catch limits, with the magnitude of bias being influenced by life history and trends in fishing mortality. Monte Carlo simulations were used to evaluate the ability of statistical age-structured population models to estimate spawning-stock biomass, fishing mortality, and total allowable catch when the true M was age-invariant, but time-varying. Configurations of the stock assessment method, implemented in Stock Synthesis, included a single age- and time-invariant M parameter, specified at one of the three levels (high, medium, and low) or an estimated M. The min–max (i.e. most robust) approach to specifying M when it is thought to vary across time was to estimate M. The least robust approach for most scenarios examined was to fix M at a high value, suggesting that the consequences of misspecifying M are asymmetric.
Assessment of consumers' perception and cognition toward table grape consumption in China
Authors: Jianying Feng , Xia Wang , Zetian Fu , Weisong Mu 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The paper aims to understand consumers' perception and cognition toward table grapes, which focuses on the most important attributes, consumption consequences and personal values of grape consumption and the relations among them.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study related grape consumption with consumers based on Means-end chain analysis. The data were gathered with both laddering interviews (n=37) and questionnaire survey returned by 843 individuals in 31 provinces of China. The data were firstly processed by SPSS software and descriptive statistics was adopted to evaluate consumers' awareness. Furthermore, MECanalyst software was opted for, to construct the hierarchical relations of table grape consumption.

Findings
– The findings are that consumers consume grapes based on their functional cognition and sensory perception. The quality-orientated characters are deemed to be the most important grape attributes, healthy and practical function are the main expected benefits and desired values in table grape consumption.

Practical implications
– The findings can provide some implications to producers, administers and operators in the grape industry and inspire them to design products that will better satisfy consumers. Stakeholders in grape industries should take measures to inform consumers of grape benefits so as to increase grape consumption and expand the market.

Originality/value
– The paper fulfils the combinations of laddering interview and structured questionnaire to conduct the large-scale samples survey about consumers' perception based on MEC analysis. Findings from this study reinforce the importance of research into the relationship between products and consumers.
Understanding variations in the consumption of functional foods – evidence from Croatia
Authors: Brečić Ružica , Gorton Matthew , Barjolle Dominique 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– Drawing on a representative survey, this paper aims to identify the determinants of functional food consumption in Croatia. The objective is to introduce and test a conceptual model that four sets of factors (food choice motivations, demographic and socio-economic characteristics, knowledge of functional food and health status) underpin variations in functional food consumption.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were collected via face-to-face interviews conducted in respondents' homes. Consumption of functional foods is modelled as a bootstrapped ordered probit model.

Findings
– Results confirm the significant influence of all four sets of factors for explaining variations in functional food consumption. Heavier users of functional food are those that place a greater weighting on health and convenience in food choice. In contrast, the salience of familiarity in food choice is negatively related with functional food consumption. Females and those with higher levels of educational attainment are heavier consumers of functional food. While perceived health status appears not to have any significant relationship with functional food consumption, there is a link with body mass index. Functional foods appeal most to those concerned about their health and desire convenient, “quick fixes”. Such “quick fixes” may however be employed at the expense of more fundamental adjustments to diet and fitness, which may provide the basis for superior overall disease prevention/health promotion.

Originality/value
– The study represents one of the first assessments of functional food consumption in Central and Eastern Europe, introducing and testing a comprehensive conceptual model.
Does subjective well-being predict health-enhancing behaviour? The example of fruit and vegetable consumption
Authors: Ding Ting , Mullan Barbara , Xavier Kristina 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– Adhering to the guidelines regarding the consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with positive health outcomes. Subjective well-being has been demonstrated to have a causal influence on positive health outcomes. The aim of this paper is to examine whether subjective well-being could add to the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) in predicting fruit and vegetable consumption.

Design/methodology/approach
– A total of 72 undergraduates completed online measures of the TPB variables, subjective well-being components (happiness and life satisfaction) and fruit and vegetable consumption at a single time point.

Findings
– Subjective well-being made a significant contribution to the variance explained for both intention to consume fruit and vegetables and actual fruit and vegetable consumption (1.7% and 4.3%, respectively). Perceived behavioural control and happiness were found to be significant unique predictors of fruit and vegetable consumption.

Originality/value
– The TPB appears a useful model for predicting fruit and vegetable consumption, which is enhanced by the addition of subjective well-being variables. The current study provides direction to future interventions, suggesting that targeting perceived behavioural control and the subjective well-being component of happiness may be useful for improving fruit and vegetable consumption in young adults.
“We must have the wrong consumers” – a case study on new food product development failure
Authors: Ryynänen Toni , Hakatie Annaleena 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to investigate, in detail, an unsuccessful food development project that took place in 2008-2010. The case is studied from the viewpoint of an interpretive paradigm. This article concentrates on constructing the critical elements that led to a food development project failure. The plan was to have a traditional Finnish dish updated and introduced as a mass produced high-end convenience food. The project included new convenience food development, packaging design, consumer market research and a sensory study to back up the food product development on behalf of a newly established company. Theoretical grounds for the case are based on the new product development (NPD) research process in the food sector.

Design/methodology/approach
– The method applied is an explorative single within-case study. The research data were mainly obtained from qualitative materials that ranged from marketing plans to case study field notes compiled by the researchers. Quantitative data were also obtained from various types of materials but to a lesser extent.

Findings
– The results of the study show that the failure of new product development was connected to the factors identified in classic NPD research. In addition, five phenomena that contributed to product development failure were constructed: path-dependency; “information condensations”; the illusion of mutual knowledge and understanding; practices of problem definition; and window-of-opportunity effects. The results are presented in a form of analytical generalisation that can be applied, with certain restrictions, to other contexts for new food product development.

Originality/value
– Failure rates of NPD have remained the same for the last 30 years in the food sector. Failed NPD projects can be valuable assets for the food industry when properly analysed. Examination of successful NPD projects has provided valuable lists of success factors, but knowledge on phenomena having an effect on NPD failure is needed.