bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent vulnerability to cardiovascular consequences of chronic social stress: Immediate and long‐term effects of social isolation during adolescence
Authors: Cruz Fábio C. , Duarte Josiane O. , Leão Rodrigo M. , Hummel Luiz F.V. , Planeta Cleopatra S. , Crestani Carlos C. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIt has been demonstrated that disruption of social bonds and perceived isolation (loneliness) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Adolescence is proposed as a period of vulnerability to stress. Nevertheless, the impact of chronic social stress during this ontogenic period in cardiovascular function is poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the impact in cardiovascular function of social isolation for 3 weeks in adolescent and adult male rats. Also, the long‐term effects of social isolation during adolescence were investigated longitudinally. Social isolation reduced body weight in adolescent, but not in adult animals. Disruption of social bonds during adolescence increased arterial pressure without affecting heart rate and pulse pressure (PP). Nevertheless, social isolation in adulthood reduced systolic arterial pressure and increased diastolic arterial pressure, which in turn decreased PP without affecting mean arterial pressure. Cardiovascular changes in adolescents, but not adults, were followed by facilitation of both baroreflex sensitivity and vascular reactivity to the vasodilator agent acetylcholine. Vascular responsiveness to either the vasodilator agent sodium nitroprusside or the vasoconstrictor agent phenylephrine was not affected by social isolation. Except for the changes in body weight and baroreflex sensitivity, all alterations evoked by social isolation during adolescence were reversed in adulthood after moving animals from isolated to collective housing. These findings suggest a vulnerability of adolescents to the effects of chronic social isolation in cardiovascular function. However, results indicate minimal cardiovascular consequences in adulthood of disruption of social bonds during adolescence. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 34–46, 2016
Nitroxide‐mediated copolymerization of styrene and pentafluorostyrene initiated by polymeric linoleic acid
Authors: Allı Abdulkadir , Allı Sema , Becer C.Remzi , Hazer Baki 
Published: April 2015

Polymeric linoleic asit graft copolymers were synthesized via a nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) method in the presence of 2,2‐6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxy (TEMPO). For this purpose, PLina‐ox was exposed to polymerization with styrene (Sty) or Sty and pentafluorostyrene (F5Sty) in the presence of TEMPO by NMRP method in order to obtain PLina‐g‐PSty and PLina‐g‐PF5Sty‐g‐PSty graft copolymers with controlled structure and low polydispersity. Chain extension study was evaluated. Principal parameters, such as monomer concentration, initiator concentration, and polymerization time, which effect the polymerization reactions, were evaluated. The products thus obtained were well characterized by 1H NMR, GPC, and 19F NMR measurements.Practical application: We report for the first time the synthesis of PLina‐g‐PSty and PLina‐g‐PSty‐g‐PF5Sty graft copolymers in the presence of TEMPO. NMRP reactions were performed in the presence of TEMPO in order to obtain graft copolymers with controlled molecular weight and polydispersity. Chain‐extension reactions were also successfully carried out because of the activation of TEMPO terminated chain ends of graft copolymers. Pure linoleic acid was auto‐oxidized under daylight and air oxygen, yielding peroxidized PLina (PLina‐ox). PLina‐ox has been used in the polymerization of styrene (Sty) or copolymerization of Sty and pentafluorostyrene (F5Sty).Polymerization of styrene and pentafluorostyrene was initiated by polimeric linoleic acid perokside (PLina‐ox) initiator in the presence of TEMPO and controlled radical polymerization provided well‐defined PLina‐g‐PSty and PLina‐g‐PF5St‐g‐PSty graft copolymers.
Unusual Reactivity of Aryl Aldehydes with Triethyl Phosphite and Zinc Bromide: A Facile Preparation of Epoxides, Benzisoxazoles, and α‐Hydroxy Phosphonate Esters
Authors: Raju Potharaju , Gobi Rajeshwaran Ganesan , Nandakumar Meganathan , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA facile preparation of trans‐epoxides was achieved by a (EtO)3P–ZnBr2‐mediated deoxygenation reaction of the corresponding 2‐nitrobenzaldehydes. The sterically hindered analogues of 2‐nitrobenzaldehyde underwent a reaction with triethyl phosphite in the presence of ZnBr2 as the catalyst to form benzisoxazoles as the sole product. Under identical conditions, the reactions of electron‐rich as well as moderately electron‐deficient aryl aldehydes furnished the corresponding α‐hydroxy phosphonate esters.
Substitute or stepping stone? Assessing the impact of low‐threshold online collective actions on offline participation
Authors: Schumann Sandy , Klein Olivier 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAnecdotes of past social movements suggest that Internet‐enabled technologies, especially social media platforms, can facilitate collective actions. Recently, however, it has been argued that the participatory Internet encourages low‐cost and low‐risk activism—slacktivism—which may have detrimental consequences for groups that aim to achieve a collective purpose. More precisely, low‐threshold digital practices such as signing online petitions or “liking” the Facebook page of a group are thought to derail subsequent engagement offline. We assessed this postulation in three experiments (N = 76, N = 59, and N = 48) and showed that so‐called slacktivist actions indeed reduce the willingness to join a panel discussion and demonstration as well as the likelihood to sign a petition. This demobilizing effect was mediated by the satisfaction of group‐enhancing motives; members considered low‐threshold online collective actions as a substantial contribution to the group's success. The findings highlight that behavior that is belittled as slacktivism addresses needs that pertain to individuals' sense of group membership. Rather than hedonistic motives or personal interests, concerns for the ingroup's welfare and viability influenced the decision to join future collective actions offline. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of flue gas conditioning on the cohesive forces in fly ash layers in electrostatic precipitation
Authors: Navarrete Benito , Alonso‐Fariñas Bernabé , Lupión Mónica , Cañadas Luis 
Published: April 2015

Flue gas conditioning (FGC) systems are an effective option for improving the performance of electrostatic precipitators (ESP). The effect of FGC on the cohesive forces in ash layers during electrostatic precipitation has been studied for a complete range of ash compositions. Cohesive forces have been determined by means of a laboratory apparatus specifically developed within this research work. SO3 and NH3 have been tested as conditioning agents.It is concluded that the effect of injecting NH3 on the cohesive properties is variable, and depends on the type of ash. The mechanism of NH3 adsorption, influenced by the carbon content in ash, appears to play an important role. On the other hand, SO3 addition involves the reduction of the cohesive forces in all the cases tested. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1379–1383, 2015
Keeping bugs in check: The mucus layer as a critical component in maintaining intestinal homeostasis
Authors: Faderl Martin , Noti Mario , Corazza Nadia , Mueller Christoph 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn the mammalian gastrointestinal tract the close vicinity of abundant immune effector cells and trillions of commensal microbes requires sophisticated barrier and regulatory mechanisms to maintain vital host‐microbial interactions and tissue homeostasis. During co‐evolution of the host and its intestinal microbiota a protective multilayered barrier system was established to segregate the luminal microbes from the intestinal mucosa with its potent immune effector cells, limit bacterial translocation into host tissues to prevent tissue damage, while ensuring the vital functions of the intestinal mucosa and the luminal gut microbiota. In the present review we will focus on the different layers of protection in the intestinal tract that allow the successful mutualism between the microbiota and the potent effector cells of the intestinal innate and adaptive immune system. In particular, we will review some of the recent findings on the vital functions of the mucus layer and its site‐specific adaptations to the changing quantities and complexities of the microbiota along the (gastro‐) intestinal tract. Understanding the regulatory pathways that control the establishment of the mucus layer, but also its degradation during intestinal inflammation may be critical for designing novel strategies aimed at maintaining local tissue homeostasis and supporting remission from relapsing intestinal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(4):275–285, 2015
Assessment of tumor morphology on diffusion‐weighted (DWI) breast MRI: Diagnostic value of reduced field of view DWI
Authors: Barentsz Maarten W. , Taviani Valentina , Chang Jung M. , Ikeda Debra M. , Miyake Kanae K. , Banerjee Suchandrima , van den Bosch Maurice A.A.J , Hargreaves Brian A. , Daniel Bruce L. 
Published: April 2015

PurposeTo compare the diagnostic value of conventional, bilateral diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and high‐resolution targeted DWI of known breast lesions.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐one consecutive patients with known breast cancer or suspicious breast lesions were scanned with the conventional bilateral DWI technique, a high‐resolution, reduced field of view (rFOV) DWI technique, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) (3.0 T). We compared bilateral DWI and rFOV DWI quantitatively by measuring the lesions' apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. For qualitative comparison, three dedicated breast radiologists scored image quality and performed lesion interpretation.ResultsIn a phantom, ADC values were in good agreement with the reference values. Twenty‐one patients (30 lesions: 14 invasive carcinomas, 10 benign lesions [of which 5 cysts], 3 high‐risk, and 3 in situ carcinomas) were included. Cysts and high‐risk lesions were excluded from the quantitative analysis. Quantitatively, both bilateral and rFOV DWI measured lower ADC values in invasive tumors than other lesions. In vivo, rFOV DWI gave lower ADC values than bilateral DWI (1.11 × 10‐3 mm2/s vs. 1.24 × 10‐3 mm2/s, P = 0.002). Regions of interest (ROIs) were comparable in size between the two techniques (2.90 vs. 2.13 cm2, P = 0.721). Qualitatively, all three radiologists scored sharpness of rFOV DWI images as significantly higher than bilateral DWI (P ≤ 0.002). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed a higher area under the curve (AUC) in BI‐RADS classification for rFOV DWI compared to bilateral DWI (0.71 to 0.93 vs. 0.61 to 0.76, respectively).ConclusionTumor morphology can be assessed in more detail with high‐resolution DWI (rFOV) than with standard bilateral DWI by providing significantly sharper images. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2015. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2015;42:1656–1665.
Hypolipidaemic and anti‐oxidative potential of encapsulated herb (Terminalia arjuna) added vanilla chocolate milk in high cholesterol fed rats
Authors: Sawale Pravin Digambar , Pothuraju Ramesh , Abdul Hussain Shaik , Kumar Anuj , Kapila Suman , Patil Girdhari Ramdas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDAtherosclerosis is associated with coronary artery disease and occurs in developing as well as developed countries. In the present investigation, hypolipidaemic and anti‐oxidative properties of encapsulated herb (Terminalia arjuna, 1.8%) added vanilla chocolate dairy drink was evaluated in high cholesterol fed Wistar rats for 60 days.RESULTSAt the end of the experimental period, a significant decrease in the body weight gain by rats receiving the encapsulated herb extract was noted as compared to high cholesterol fed rats. Administration of microencapsulated herb showed a statistically significant decrease in organ weights (epididymal fat and liver). Moreover, a significant decrease in serum lipids such as triglycerides, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, very‐low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and atherogenic index was observed with encapsulated Terminalia arjuna extract in high cholesterol fed group. Increases in reduced glutathione and decreases in TBARS levels were also reported in both liver and red blood cell lysates with encapsulated herb supplementation.CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrated that the bioactive components (phytosterols, flavanoids, saponins and tannins etc.) which are present in the encapsulated T. arjuna not only withstand the processing conditions but also are effectively released in the intestine and show their effects, such as hypolipidaemic and antioxidant activities, for better treating cardiovascular disease. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Faecal excretion of total and acid extractable phosphorus in dairy cows fed rations with different levels of phosphorus
Authors: Nordqvist Maria , Spörndly Rolf , Holtenius Kjell 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe phosphorus (P) originating from livestock operations causes eutrophication. Determination of acid extractable P (AEP) in cattle faeces has been proposed as a tool to identify excessive P feeding. The method has not yet been evaluated in controlled studies with cows subjected to individual recording of P intake. Thus the present study focused on investigating the relationship between different P fractions in faeces from cows fed rations with varying P content. The study also investigated whether AEP in faeces could be used to estimate dietary P intake in relation to the P requirement.RESULTSThe results showed that acid extractable P predicted P overfeeding. P fed in excess of requirements was largely excreted as acid extractable P. The unavailable and/or inevitably lost P fractions in the diets were smaller than assumed.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates in experimental studies a positive relationship between measured AEP and indirectly calculated regulated P. Any P fed in excess of requirements was largely excreted as AEP. This fraction is thought to be the most mobile P fraction with regard to potential runoff losses. However, the unavailable and/or inevitably lost P fractions in the diets were smaller than assumed. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Water Vapor Enhancement of Rates of Peroxy Radical Reactions
Authors: Kumbhani Sambhav R. , Cline Taylor S. , Killian Marie C. , Clark Jared M. , Keeton William J. , Hansen Lee D. , Shirts Randall B. , Robichaud David J. , Hansen Jaron C. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTPeroxy radicals can complex with water vapor. These complexes affect tropospheric chemistry. In this study, β‐HEP (hydroxyethyl peroxy radical) serves as a model system for investigating the effect of water vapor on the kinetics and product branching ratio of the self‐reaction of peroxy radicals. The self‐reaction rate coefficient was determined at 274–296 K with water vapor between 1.0 × 1015 and 2.5 × 1017 molecules cm−3 at 200 Torr total pressure by slow‐flow laser flash photolysis coupled with UV time‐resolved spectroscopy and long‐path, wavelength modulated, diode‐laser spectroscopy. The overall self‐reaction rate constant expressed as the product of both a temperature‐dependent and water vapor–dependent term is , suggesting formation of a β‐HEP‐H2O complex is responsible for the increase in the self‐reaction rate coefficient with increasing water concentration. Complex formation is supported by computational results identifying three local energy minima for the β‐HEP‐H2O complex. As the troposphere continues to get warmer and wetter, more of the peroxy radicals present will be complexed with water. Investigating the effect of water vapor on kinetics of atmospherically relevant radicals and determining the effects of these altered kinetics on tropospheric ozone concentrations is thus important.
Theoretical foundations for information literacy: A plan for action
Authors: Budd John M. , Lloyd Annemaree 
Published: April 2015

AbstractInformation literacy is both a common and an important learning activity with higher education. That said, it is under‐theorized as a process and as a path to a product. In order to meet the need for theory, the four panelists will offer four distinct possibilities for theoretical frameworks. While the four frameworks are able to stand alone, there is also the likelihood that they might be melded together in order to form an even richer and more robust underpinning for the work of information literacy and instruction. This panel fills a need that has heretofore been found wanting in the topic.
ASIS&T 2014 PANEL: Connecting collections, cultures, and communities: The role of social and other media in the unrests in Egypt, Turkey and Ukraine: Sponsored by SIG‐III
Authors: Gruzd Anatoliy , Aytac Selenay , Khashman Nouf 
Published: April 2015

Panel AbstractOver the last few years, the world has witnessed a number of revolutionary demonstrations and protests in support of social and political changes. From the protests in Iran and Tunisia to the more recent Occupy movement to the current events in Ukraine, these movements are crashing in waves onto the world stage. What many of these protests have in common is the prominent use of social media by the protesters to help organize and inform supporters and garner the attention of the international community. Some believe that social media was the catalyst for the protests; others are more skeptical. This panel will critically evaluate the role and effectiveness of social media as a tool for a social and political change using the three recent case studies: the crisis in Egypt in 2011, Turkey in 2013 and Ukraine in 2014.
Transforming the data landscape: Connecting data, policies, and communities
Authors: Beaudoin Joan E. , Charbonneau Deborah H. , Allard Suzie , Tenopir Carol , Chen Hsin‐Liang , Zhang Yin , Qin Jian , Zilinski Lisa 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis panel examines the state of research in the areas of data practices, behaviors, infrastructure, and policies through a series of five recently completed and in‐progress studies. At their core these investigations seek to examine strategies for better connecting data, policies, and research communities. Often data and their related practices, policies, and infrastructure lack connection and cohesiveness to support data sharing among various communities. To better understand the current situation these connections will be explored through an assessment of emerging research. It is hoped that this research can be utilized to transform and better connect data practices, policies, and communities of practice.
Pluri, multi‐, trans‐ meta‐ and interdisciplinary nature of LIS. Does it really matter?
Authors: Arafat Sachi , Buckland Michael , Feinberg Melanie , Ibekwe‐SanJuan Fidelia , Shaw Ryan , Warner Julian 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe field of LIS is beset by recurrent debates as to its disciplinary status. For decades, the interdisciplinary nature of information science has been upheld without much proof from the ground. But if LIS is not an interdiscipline, is it then a meta‐, a trans‐ a pluri‐, a multi‐ or simply a discipline? The different proposals for qualifying the nature of LIS or for delineating its frontiers suggest that its fundamental nature remains unclear for its community. But is LIS alone in this dilemma and does it really matter? Does it stop the field from progressing?
3D Technologies: New tools for information scientists to engage, educate and empower communities
Authors: Garcia Moriana M. , Messner Kevin , Urban Richard J. , Tripodis Sam , Hancock Megan E. , Colegrove Tod 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis panel provides an overview of the adoption of three‐dimensional (3D) technologies by librarians and information scientists as tools for community engagement. 3D technologies –scanning, printing, and design– are some of the latest technical innovations making inroads into the library and museum environments. After a brief introduction on the technical aspects of 3D technologies, specialists from academic and public libraries discuss their experience implementing 3D services, with a special focus on newly established partnerships. In addition, they comment on the impact of the technologies on their institutions and communities. Empowering users to scan or create 3D objects often results in a growing collection of 3D digital files. An information scientist discusses how to manage these collections to ensure preservation and fair intellectual property practices. Finally, a museum professional describes creative ways of using 3D objects to enhance the museum experience and to expand the interaction of the public with museum artifacts. Following the presentations, the panelists engage in public discussion of the challenges and opportunities of these transformative technologies.
Community‐centered collecting: finding out what communities want from community archives
Authors: Caswell Michelle 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTWhile much recent work on community archives assumes that independent, grassroots archival organizations better match the priorities and needs of local communities than mainstream government or university repositories, little empirical work has been done to confirm this assumption. This study begins to remedy this gap by exploring what one subgroup of users of one community archive (the South Asian American Digital Archive or SAADA) would like to see the archive collect through a content analysis of responses given by South Asian American undergraduates to the questions of what they wish to know more about their grandparents’ generation and what they would like their grandchildren to know about them. The analysis uncovered several key themes about the past of interest to the subpopulation: information about specific relatives, major historical events in South Asia, economic, cultural, and racial barriers their parents or grandparents faced when they came to the U.S., and reasons for leaving South Asia. It also uncovered several areas that participants would like future generations to know about the present: social justice activism, blending two cultures, struggling to fit in as a minority, the impact of technological change, and discrimination in the wake of September 11, 2001. Based on these findings, some key collection priorities are suggested for SAADA to better match community needs.