bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petroleum Play Analysis of the Jurassic Sequence, Meyal-field, Potwar Basin, Pakistan
Authors: Ghazi Shahid , Aziz Tahir , Khalid Perveiz , Sahraeyan Mohammad 
Published: January 2015

Abstract:
This research work is an attempt to confirm the sub-surface Jurassic sequence present in the Meyal field and to delineate promising location for test drilling. The Meyal field, one of the major oil and gas producing fields, lies in the active foreland and thrust belt in the Potwar basin of Pakistan. Petroleum play components of the Jurassic sequence encountered in the Meyal field were analyzed by seismic and well log data, acquired in this area. Based on lithological interpretation, Jurassic sequence was divided into upper and lower parts. Petrophysical interpretation including formation water resistivity, water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation, and permeability suggests presence of potential reservoir in lower sandstone part of the Jurassic sequence. Wells are drilled at the top of the pop-up structure which are indicated by the time and depth contour maps to obtain overall structure of the area.
Changes in Body Mass and Metabolic Profiles in Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia Treated for 12 Months with A First-Generation Antipsychotic
Authors: Chiliza B. , Asmal L. , Oosthuizen P. , van Niekerk E. , Erasmus R. , Kidd M. , Malhotra A. , Emsley R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectives:To assess changes in body mass and metabolic profiles in patients with first-episode schizophrenia receiving standardised, assured treatment and to identify predictors and moderators of the effects.Methods:We investigated the changes in body mass, fasting blood glucose and lipids in 107 largely antipsychotic naïve, first-episode schizophrenia patients who were treated according to a standard algorithm with long-acting injectable flupenthixol decanoate over 12 months.Results:Eighty-three (78%) participants completed the 12 months of treatment, and 104 (97%) received 100% of the prescribed injections during their participation. There were significant increases in BMI (P < .0001), waist circumference (P = 0.0006) and triglycerides (P = 0.03) and decrease in HDL (P = 0.005), while systolic (P = 0.7) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.8), LDL (P = 0.1), cholesterol (P = 0.3), and glucose (P = 0.9) values did not change over time. The triglyceride: HDL ratio increased by 91%. Change in BMI was only correlated with change in triglycerides (P = .008). The only significant predictor of BMI increase was non-substance abuse (P = .002).Conclusions:The risks of weight gain and metabolic syndrome associated with antipsychotic treatment in first-episode schizophrenia are not restricted to second generation antipsychotics. This is a global problem, and developing communities may be particularly susceptible.
Non-Household Populations: Implications for Measurements of Poverty Globally and in the UK
Authors: CARR-HILL ROY 
Published: January 2015

AbstractData from household surveys have increasingly been used as a basis for social policy. They are generally inappropriate for obtaining information about the poorest, and therefore for policies concerned with tackling poverty and deprivation. They omit certain groups by design: the homeless; those in institutions; and mobile, nomadic or pastoralist populations. In addition, in practice, they typically under-represent those in fragile, disjointed or multiple occupancy households, those in urban slums and those in areas deemed as insecure. These sub-groups constitute a pretty comprehensive, ostensive definition of the ‘poorest’.The sources of worldwide estimates of the missing populations are briefly described, with those for the UK discussed in greater detail, paying attention to their likely income and wealth. At least 250 million of the poorest of the poor are omitted worldwide; and in the UK about half a million of the poorest are missing from survey sample frames.In the UK, these ‘missing’ population sub-groups bias the analysis of income inequalities and affect the validity of formulae that have been developed for the geographical allocation of resources to health and social care.
Crystallographic and spectroscopic snapshots reveal a dehydrogenase in action
Authors: Huo Lu , Davis Ian , Liu Fange , Andi Babak , Esaki Shingo , Iwaki Hiroaki , Hasegawa Yoshie , Orville Allen M. , Liu Aimin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAldehydes are ubiquitous intermediates in metabolic pathways and their innate reactivity can often make them quite unstable. There are several aldehydic intermediates in the metabolic pathway for tryptophan degradation that can decay into neuroactive compounds that have been associated with numerous neurological diseases. An enzyme of this pathway, 2-aminomuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, is responsible for ‘disarming’ the final aldehydic intermediate. Here we show the crystal structures of a bacterial analogue enzyme in five catalytically relevant forms: resting state, one binary and two ternary complexes, and a covalent, thioacyl intermediate. We also report the crystal structures of a tetrahedral, thiohemiacetal intermediate, a thioacyl intermediate and an NAD+-bound complex from an active site mutant. These covalent intermediates are characterized by single-crystal and solution-state electronic absorption spectroscopy. The crystal structures reveal that the substrate undergoes an E/Z isomerization at the enzyme active site before an sp3-to-sp2 transition during enzyme-mediated oxidation.
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Traumatic Fractures in Ankylosing Spinal Diseases
Authors: Nayak Nikhil R. , Pisapia Jared M. , Abdullah Kalil G. , Schuster James M. 
Published: January 2015

Study Design Retrospective case series. Objective Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) are two related diseases that significantly increase the risk of unstable spinal fractures from seemingly trivial trauma. Given the older age and higher surgical risk profile of most of these patients, minimally invasive (MIS) approaches to the treatment of such fractures may reduce operative risk and physiologic stress. Methods Eleven consecutive patients with hyperextension thoracolumbar injuries and a diagnosis of AS or DISH admitted to a single level I trauma center between June 2009 and June 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were treated with MIS stabilization. In addition, the patients were administered the Oswestry Disability Index and EuroQol-5D surveys to evaluate patient-reported outcomes regarding disability and health-related quality of life, respectively. Results Of the 11 patients, 10 were alive at the time of review. The mean follow-up time was 28 months. The average age was 77 years old with a mean body mass index of 34. All patients had severe systemic disease, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade III, with multiple medical comorbidities. Seven segments on average were included in the operative construct. There were no instrumentation failures or nonunions requiring revision surgery. The average postoperative Oswestry disability index was 21.5% (range: 0 to 34%), corresponding to low to moderate disability, and the average EuroQol-5D utility score was 0.77 (range: 0.60 to 1), a similar average postoperative utility value to those published in the literature on elective surgery for degenerative lumbar conditions. Conclusions MIS stabilization, when used on patients with good preoperative neurologic status, can successfully manage spinal fractures in patients with AS and DISH and preserve a favorable postoperative quality of life with limited disability.
Inflammation-sensitive super enhancers form domains of coordinately regulated enhancer RNAs
Authors: Hah Nasun , Benner Chris , Chong Ling-Wa , Yu Ruth T. , Downes Michael , Evans Ronald M. 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Super enhancers (SEs) are enhancer-dense regions found near genes that play key roles in determining cellular identity. Using global nuclear run-on sequencing (GRO-Seq), we find extensive regulation of enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) within SEs in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in macrophages. Both activation and repression of gene expression are associated with SEs and eRNA transcription dynamics. Furthermore, we find that each SE acts as a single regulatory unit within which eRNA and genic transcripts are coordinately regulated. We also find that transcription factor (TF) composition within an SE determines regulatory properties of each SE and associated eRNAs. We propose that signal-dependent SEs and their eRNAs function as molecular rheostats integrating the binding profiles of key regulators to produce dynamic profiles of gene expression.
The school effectiveness movement: origins, shortcomings and future possibilities
Authors: Chitty Clyde 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper argues that the school effectiveness/school improvement movement has provided an antidote to the pessimism and fatalism of the 1970s. However, it is deficient in four important respects: (1) it places too much emphasis on the notion of progressive school management as the dynamic of change; (2) it fails to take full account of the characteristics of the education system as a whole; (3) it shows little regard for issues of social class; (4) it has little to say about issues of curriculum content and pedagogy.
Quality assurance, the educational standards debate, and the commodification of educational research
Authors: Elliott John 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe idea of quality assurance dominates educational discourse at the present time. This is reflected in the emphasis placed on test and examination results, inspections and school performance indicators. It is argued in this article that this is not simply an attempt to legitimate traditional conceptions of knowledge. It is also an attempt to construct a new narrative of knowledge. School effectiveness research is an example of this as it applies a performativity criterion to educational research methodology. The article concludes by suggesting that action research may be subordinated to the logic of performativity, and as a result is less able to fulfil its proper purpose which is to create the conditions for innovative experiments in education.
History skills and the NSW 1986 Two Unit Modern History syllabus part 2: focus on learning experiences and evaluation
Authors: Harvey P. I. , Maxwell T. W. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIn exploring the syllabus writers' intentions and in an analysis of the NSW Two Unit Modern History syllabus, selection and organization of learning experiences and evaluation specified in the document were found to be wanting. Learning experiences were to be student‐centred with considerable teacher autonomy and hence a lack of specific information on pedagogy. There was indirect advice only on the organization of learning experiences associated with skills development. While skills as processes are set out to be examined, there are considerable difficulties associated with using the specified objectives as the basis for evaluation. This article is a companion piece to Harvey and Maxwell (1996).
The Russian and Chinese Revolutions Compared
Authors: Smith S. A. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Whereas recent historiography has tended to minimize ideological differences between Stalinism and Maoism, this chapter explores the distinctions between them, arguing that it was a belief in revolutionary will and heroic sacrifice, complemented by an instinctive antipathy to bureaucracy and a far-reaching commitment to social equality (which, of course, did not rule out privilege for some), that set Maoism apart from Stalinism. The ideological differences between the two found their most dramatic expression in the Cultural Revolution, an event that was quite unthinkable in Stalin’s Russia. The personalities of Stalin and Mao are also shown to explain crucial differences between the two regimes, which are compared and contrasted in this chapter across a wide range of political, social, and economic themes.
Jonson and Genre
Authors: Harp Richard 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Ben Jonson wrote in a number of well defined genres and could mix them without confusion. The epigrams contain examples of epitaphs, satire, miniature odes, praise of friends and attacks on enemies without generally losing their formal concise sententiousness. His great thematic concerns, such as friendship, hospitality, virtue and vice, were portrayed in a variety of genres, drama as well as poetry, and were proclaimed in his characteristically resounding and often memorable voice. His development of the form of the masque, a genre half-way between drama and poetry, which mixed lyrical celebration of beauty and nobility with prose revelations of abnormality and excess, is a particularly outstanding example. Thus Jonson is able to make traditional genres his own and not merely stale imitations of classical models. It is not surprising, then, that in drama Jonson was concerned with more than conventional notions of plot as merely sequential events; his drama embodied an overarching Aristotelian notion of action both in comedy and drama.
Historical Archaeology in Central America
Authors: Joyce Rosemary A. , Gomez Esteban , Sheptak Russell 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHistorical archaeology in Central America is an archaeology of colonization, exploring processes through which indigenous, European-, and African-descendant people created new practices of everyday life and novel identities, and transformed place and landscape. A number of studies use formal models rooted in world systems theory or practice theory to understand colonial societies. Current methods, including compositional analysis and geophysical prospection, are employed to establish the nature of buried sites and patterns of exchange. Ethnogenesis and hybridity are a major focus, informing understanding of the African diaspora and indigeneity. Reframing indigenous survival in terms of persistence and change, rather than resistance and disappearance, is typical. Understanding the ways in which varied African populations became an indispensable part of the new colonies and later independent republics is a significant emphasis.
Comparative Political Communication Research
Authors: de Vreese Claes H. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of comparative political communication research (CPCR). CPCR is a growing field since there is wide acknowledgement that many questions are not answered satisfactorily with single case studies. The chapter explains why political communication researchers should care about cross-national comparisons and outlines types of CPCR—descriptive, explanatory, and comparison of relation—explaining variation in relations across units. Then the areas of CPCR are reviewed: media and political systems, political and elections news, political communication in the European Union, and political journalists. Finally, the chapter identifies unanswered questions for CPCR to address.
Identity Theft
Authors: Vieraitis Lynne M. , Shuraydi Amny 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOften cited as one of the fastest-growing crimes in the United States and abroad, identity theft continues to be of great concern to the public. It is a crime that is difficult to control and has become increasingly complex as offenders adapt to target hardening by consumers and businesses and identify new sources of data containing personally identifying information. The purpose of this essay is to provide readers with an overview of identity theft, including what is currently known about the trends and patterns of identity theft, information on offenders and victims, as well as the methods used by identity thieves to steal and convert personally identifying information for financial gain.
Oral Administration of Surfactant Protein‐A Reduces Pathology in an Experimental Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Quintanilla Hector D. , Liu Yuying , Fatheree Nicole Y. , Atkins Constance L. , Hashmi Syed S. , Floros Joanna , McCormack Francis X. , Rhoads Jon Marc , Alcorn Joseph L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectives:Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) frequently results in significant morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Others reported that mice deficient in pulmonary surfactant protein‐A (SP‐A) born and raised in a nonhygienic environment succumb to significant gastrointestinal tract pathology, and enteral administration of purified SP‐A significantly reduced mortality. We hypothesized that oral administration of purified SP‐A can ameliorate pathology in an experimental model of neonatal NEC.Methods:Experimental NEC was induced in newborn Sprague–Dawley rat pups by daily formula gavage and intermittent exposure to hypoxia. Purified human SP‐A (5 μg/day) was administered by oral gavage. After 4 days, surviving pups were sacrificed, and intestinal pathology was assessed by histological examination of distal terminal ileal sections. Intestinal levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IFN‐γ, and TNF‐α) were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and levels of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) by Western analysis.Results:Sixty‐one percent of the gavaged rat pups that survived to day 4 met the criteria for experimental NEC after hypoxia, whereas treatment with SP‐A significantly reduced mortality and assessment of NEC. Intestinal levels of proinflammatory cytokines were significantly increased in pups exposed to hypoxia. Administration of SP‐A to pups exposed to hypoxia significantly reduced IL‐1β and TNF‐α levels, but had little effect on elevated levels of IFN‐γ. SP‐A treatment of hypoxia‐exposed pups significantly reduced expression of intestinal TLR4, key in NEC pathogenesis.Conclusions:In a rat model of experimental neonatal NEC, oral administration of SP‐A reduces intestinal levels of proinflammatory cytokines and TLR4 protein and ameliorates adverse outcomes associated with gastrointestinal pathologies.
Nonanesthesia Magnetic Resonance Enterography in Young Children
Authors: Courtier Jesse , Cardenas Agustin , Tan Cynthia , Towne Michael , Rhee Sue J. , Heyman Melvin B. , MacKenzie John D. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the effectiveness and cost savings of a nonanesthesia approach to magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) in 14 young pediatric patients (age 4–7 years) with clinically suspected early‐onset inflammatory bowel disease using an MRE protocol.Methods:MRE was performed using a combination of an abbreviated imaging protocol, magnetic resonance imaging video goggles, and Child Life Services support. MRE results were correlated with both colonoscopy and pathology results using Pearson correlation coefficient. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated.Results:MRE was performed successfully in 13 of 14 patients (age range 4 years 0 months to 7 years 6 months). MRE findings matched with results in 12 of 13 patients in whom colonoscopy was successfully performed. Both MRE and colonoscopy demonstrated a high specificity (100%) and a positive predictive value (100%), but a low sensitivity (43%) and a negative predictive value (50%).Conclusions:MRE can be successfully performed in children ages 4 to 7 years using this approach. In addition to decreased risks to the child, the lack of anesthesia also offers a potential overall cost reduction.
Segmenting Australian online panellists based on volunteering motivations
Authors: Vocino Andrea , Polonsky Michael , Dolnicar Sara 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to seek to assess whether online commercial panel volunteering can be segmented based on their motivations, using the volunteer functions inventor. The authors also investigate whether segments exist which differ in demographic characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors survey 484 Australian online panel volunteers using a adapted version of the 30 item of the volunteer function inventory (VFI) scale developed by Clary et al. (1998). Data were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and cluster analysis, as well as ANOVA and χ2 test comparisons of demographics between clusters.

Findings
– CFA verifies that the VFI scale is suitable instrument to gauge online participants’ motivations. Cluster analysis produced a five-cluster solution, where respondents with low motivations overall comprised the largest grouping. Segments are interpreted by assessing the difference between the total sample average and the segment profile. The examination also identifies that the only demographic factor that varies across the five clusters is “respondents” employment status”.

Research limitations/implications
– Future research could explore if differences in segments result in differences in online participation. The high number or respondents with low motivations may explain the relatively high levels of churn that take place within online panels and as a result panel operators would need to continually attract new members. Further research could also investigate whether the levels of motivation change over time and if so what effect such variation would produce on respondents’ retention.

Originality/value
– Research on online panel respondents’ motivation is still limited and investigating online panellists’ motivation as volunteers is very important as it unveils, as in the study herein reported, that alternative types of respondents may be driven by different factors when joining an online panel (or completing a given survey). Recruitment strategies could, therefore, be shaped to suit the motivation of the different segments. By refining the matching between volunteers’ profiles and their motivation, managers could improve how volunteers are recruited, managed and retained.
Comparison investigation of fluid rheological characteristics effect on stator temperature field for large hydro-generator based on experiment
Authors: Ding Shuye , Wang Mengqi 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship of fluid flow and heat transfer inside the generator, a large hydro-generator is taken for an example and the temperature field in the generator is calculated according to computation of fluid field by using of corresponding mathematics methods based on fluid mechanical theory and heat transfer theory.

Design/methodology/approach
– To calculate the temperature field of the generator more accurately, a large-scale hydro-generator is taken as an example and the mathematical model and physical model of 3D stator temperature field and fluid field are established. And the calculation results of the fluid field are applied into the physics field of generator, coupled relationship between fluid field and temperature field was calculated by using of finite volume method and finite element method, respectively. The temperature fields based on fluid fields and the effect of different fluid flow state on generator temperature were analyzed and compared.

Findings
– The calculated results shows show good agreement with the measured results, meanwhile the effect of different fluid field state on the temperature field is analyzed and the relationship between temperature fields and fluid fields is achieved, which will provide a theoretical basis for ventilation structure design and calculation of synthesis physical fields.

Originality/value
– The relationship between temperature fields and fluid fields is obtained, providing a theoretical basis for ventilation structure design and calculation of synthesis physical fields.