bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IPO first‐day returns: Skewness preference, investor sentiment and uncertainty underlying factors
Authors: Aissia Dorsaf Ben 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the initial public offering (IPO) first‐day returns. Our focus is to examine the irrational component of the agent behavior towards IPO lotteries. Based on 234 French IPOs performed between 2002 and 2012, we find that IPOs with high initial returns have higher idiosyncratic skewness, turnover and momentum. This finding provides empirical evidence for investors' preference for stocks with lottery‐like features and investor sentiment. In addition, we show that the skewness preference and the investor sentiment effect are stronger during periods of favorable market conditions. Our results are robust to the integration of uncertainty underlying factors.
Risky Business: Surrogacy, Egg Donation, and the Politics of Exploitation
Authors: Cattapan Alana 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This article examines exploitation as a policy rationale for the prohibition of paid surrogacy and egg donation in Canada, focusing on claims of exploitation in parliamentary transcripts and proposed legislation. Its main focus is challenging three assumptions long used to substantiate the prohibition of commercial egg donation and surrogacy, namely: that marginalized women are being exploited; that payment and exploitation are necessarily linked; and that prohibitions on payment are the best means to prevent exploitation in assisted human reproduction. By examining these assumptions, this article assesses the legitimacy of prohibiting payment on the basis of perceived exploitation and suggests that, though much has been done to protect surrogates and donors, little is known about their real-life experiences with reproductive technologies, that the relationship between exploitation and payment is tenuous, and that it remains unclear that prohibiting payment is not doing more harm than good.
Analysis of a model for foam improved oil recovery
Authors: Grassia P. , Mas-Hernández E. , Shokri N. , Cox S. J. , Mishuris G. , Rossen W. R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDuring improved oil recovery (IOR), gas may be introduced into a porous reservoir filled with surfactant solution in order to form foam. A model for the evolution of the resulting foam front known as ‘pressure-driven growth’ is analysed. An asymptotic solution of this model for long times is derived that shows that foam can propagate indefinitely into the reservoir without gravity override. Moreover, ‘pressure-driven growth’ is shown to correspond to a special case of the more general ‘viscous froth’ model. In particular, it is a singular limit of the viscous froth, corresponding to the elimination of a surface tension term, permitting sharp corners and kinks in the predicted shape of the front. Sharp corners tend to develop from concave regions of the front. The principal solution of interest has a convex front, however, so that although this solution itself has no sharp corners (except for some kinks that develop spuriously owing to errors in a numerical scheme), it is found nevertheless to exhibit milder singularities in front curvature, as the long-time asymptotic analytical solution makes clear. Numerical schemes for the evolving front shape which perform robustly (avoiding the development of spurious kinks) are also developed. Generalisations of this solution to geologically heterogeneous reservoirs should exhibit concavities and/or sharp corner singularities as an inherent part of their evolution: propagation of fronts containing such ‘inherent’ singularities can be readily incorporated into these numerical schemes.
CONTINUOUS APPLICATION OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ENHANCES SOIL HEALTH, PRODUCE QUALITY AND SYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY OF VEGETABLE-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN SUBTROPICAL EASTERN HIMALAYAS
Authors: PATEL D. P. , DAS ANUP , KUMAR MANOJ , MUNDA G. C. , NGACHAN S. V. , RAMKRUSHNA G. I. , LAYEK JAYANTA , PONGLA NARO , BURAGOHAIN JURI , SOMIREDDY UPENDER 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThe hill ecosystem of Northeastern Himalayas is suitable for organic farming due to negligible use of fertilizer (<12 kg ha−1) and agrochemicals, abundance of organic manure, especially plant biomass, and favourable climatic conditions for diverse crops. For successful organic farming, efficient cropping systems and organic amendments are to be identified to sustain soil health on one hand and productivity and enhanced income on the other. The efficacy of three organic amendments, namely, farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost (VC) and integrated nutrient source (INS; 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (N) through FYM + 50% N through VC) on performance of three-vegetable-based cropping systems, namely, maize + soybean (2:2 intercropping)–tomato, maize + soybean–potato and maize + soybean–French bean was evaluated for five consecutive years (2005–06 to 2009–10) under subtropical climate at Umiam, Meghalaya, India (950 m above sea level). All the organic amendments were applied on N equivalent basis and phosphorus (P) requirement was compensated through rock phosphate. The results revealed that the yield of vegetables, except root vegetables, was maximum with FYM as soil amendment. Total system productivity in terms of maize equivalent yield (MEY) was significantly higher under FYM followed by INS. Pooled analysis revealed that MEY was enhanced by 200 and 191% with continuous application of FYM and INS, respectively, over control (no manure). Maize + soybean–tomato system recorded the highest MEY (28.78 Mg ha−1; Mg – megagram) followed by maize + soybean–French bean (24.37 Mg ha−1). INS as organic amendment resulted in maximum improvement in soil organic carbon (SOC), available P and potassium (K), soil microbial biomass carbon and water holding capacity and was similar to those under FYM. The SOC concentration under INS (23.6 g kg−1), FYM (23.3 g kg−1) and VC (22.3 g kg−1) after five years of organic farming were 31.0, 29.4 and 23.8% higher than the initial and 26.2, 24.6 and 19.3% higher than those under control, respectively. The quality traits of tomato such as total soluble solids (5%), ascorbic acid (28.6 mg 100 g−1) and lycopene content (19.35 mg 100 g−1) were higher under FYM application than other amendments. The study indicated that FYM and INS are equally good as organic amendment and their continuous application not only improves soil health but also crop productivity. FYM application was also found to be cost effective as it resulted in a higher benefit: cost ratio (4.4:1) compared to other amendments irrespective of cropping sequences during transition to organic farming.
Perinatal depression and child development: exploring the economic consequences from a South London cohort
Authors: Bauer A. , Pawlby S. , Plant D. T. , King D. , Pariante C. M. , Knapp M. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundDepression in mothers during pregnancy and in the postnatal period has been recognized to have wide-ranging adverse impacts on offspring. Our study examines some of the outcomes and long-term economic implications experienced by offspring who have been exposed to perinatal depression.MethodWe analysed the effects of perinatal depression on child development outcomes of children at ages 11 and 16 years from the community-based South London Child Development Study. Economic consequences were attached to those outcomes through simple decision-analytic techniques, building on evidence from studies of epidemiology, health-related quality of life, public sector costs and employment. The economic analysis takes a life-course perspective from the viewpoints of the public sector, individual and society.ResultsAdditional risks that children exposed to perinatal depression develop emotional, behavioural or cognitive problems ranged from 5% to 21%. In addition, there was a high risk (24%) that children would have special educational needs. We present results in the form of cost consequences attached to adverse child outcomes. For each child exposed to perinatal depression, public sector costs exceeded £3030, costs due to reduced earnings were £1400 and health-related quality of life loss was valued at £3760.ConclusionsAction to prevent or treat mothers' depression during pregnancy and after birth is likely to reduce public sector costs, increase earnings and improve quality of life for children who were exposed to the condition.
Real-time full body motion imitation on the COMAN humanoid robot
Authors: Gams Andrej , van den Kieboom Jesse , Dzeladini Florin , Ude Aleš , Ijspeert Auke Jan 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYOn-line full body imitation with a humanoid robot standing on its own two feet requires simultaneously maintaining the balance and imitating the motion of the demonstrator. In this paper we present a method that allows real-time motion imitation while maintaining stability, based on prioritized task control. We also describe a method of modified prioritized kinematic control that constrains the imitated motion to preserve stability only when the robot would tip over, but does not alter the motions otherwise. To cope with the passive compliance of the robot, we show how to model the estimation of the center of mass of the robot using support vector machines. In the paper we give detailed description of all steps of the algorithm, essentially providing a tutorial on the implementation of kinematic stability control. We present the results on a child-sized humanoid robot called Compliant Humanoid Platform or COMAN. Our implementation shows reactive and stable on-line motion imitation of the humanoid robot.
Tri-pyramid Robot: stiffness modeling of a 3-DOF translational parallel manipulator
Authors: Zeng Qiang , Ehmann Kornel F. , Cao Jian 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThis paper presents a 3-DOF (degree of freedom) translational parallel manipulator named the Tri-pyramid Robot. Compared to the developed 3-DOF translational parallel manipulators, the Tri-pyramid Robot is designed based on conical displacement subset to exhibit better kinematic characteristic. The inverse position solution is obtained through closed-loop constraint analysis and used to formulate the overall Jacobian matrix of constraints and actuations based on the theory of reciprocal screws. Furthermore, by considering the stiffness of all links, joints, actuators, fixed, and moving platforms, the output stiffness matrix of the Tri-pyramid Robot is derived by the transformations of loads and deformations in the closed-loop form. The relations between the virtual input-output displacements are analyzed by the overall Jacobian matrix and used to build the manipulator's stiffness model. Stiffness performance is evaluated by the extreme eigenvalues of the output stiffness matrix in the reachable workspace. By considering the variations of the structural parameters and the distribution of the output stiffness, the maximal stiffness workspace is obtained through numerical optimization, providing, thereby, basic constraints for the parametric design of the Tri-pyramid Robot.
Gene therapies for inherited retinal disorders
Authors: JANE FARRAR G. , MILLINGTON-WARD SOPHIA , CHADDERTON NAOMI , MANSERGH FIONA C. , PALFI ARPAD 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSignificant advances have been made over the last decade or two in the elucidation of the molecular pathogenesis of inherited ocular disorders. In particular, remarkable successes have been achieved in exploration of gene-based medicines for these conditions, both in preclinical and in clinical studies. Progress in the development of gene therapies targeted toward correcting the primary genetic defect or focused on modulating secondary effects associated with retinal pathologies are discussed in the review. Likewise, the recent utilization of genes encoding light-sensing molecules to provide new functions to residual retinal cells in the degenerating retina is discussed. While a great deal has been learned over the last two decades, the next decade should result in an increasing number of preclinical studies progressing to human clinical trial, an exciting prospect for patients, those active in research and development and bystanders alike.
Highlighting the ratio of sodium to potassium in population-level dietary assessments: cross-sectional data from New York City, USA
Authors: Yi Stella S , Curtis Christine J , Angell Sonia Y , Anderson Cheryl AM , Jung Molly , Kansagra Susan M 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo contrast mean values of Na:K with Na and K mean intakes by demographic factors, and to calculate the prevalence of New York City (NYC) adults meeting the WHO guideline for optimal Na:K (<1 mmol/mmol, i.e. <0·59 mg/mg) using 24 h urinary values.DesignData were from the 2010 Community Health Survey Heart Follow-Up Study, a population-based, representative study including data from 24 h urine collections.SettingParticipants were interviewed using a dual-frame sample design consisting of random-digit dial telephone exchanges that cover NYC. Data were weighted to be representative of NYC adults as a whole.SubjectsThe final sample of 1656 adults provided 24 h urine collections and self-reported health data.ResultsMean Na:K in NYC adults was 1·7 mg/mg. Elevated Na:K was observed in young, minority, low-education and high-poverty adults. Only 5·2 % of NYC adults had Na:K in the optimal range.ConclusionsNa intake is high and K intake is low in NYC adults, leading to high Na:K. Na:K is a useful marker and its inclusion for nutrition surveillance in populations, in addition to Na and K intakes, is indicated.
Tyrosinase-catalyzed site-specific immobilization of engineered C-phycocyanin to surface
Authors: Faccio Greta , Kämpf Michael M. , Piatti Chiara , Thöny-Meyer Linda , Richter Michael 
Published: June 2014

AbstractEnzymatic crosslinking of proteins is often limited by the steric availability of the target residues, as of tyrosyl side chains in the case of tyrosinase. Carrying an N-terminal peptide-tag containing two tyrosine residues, the fluorescent protein C-phycocyanin HisCPC from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 was crosslinked to fluorescent high-molecular weight forms with tyrosinase. Crosslinking with tyrosinase in the presence of L-tyrosine produced non fluorescent high-molecular weight products. Incubated in the presence of tyrosinase, HisCPC could also be immobilized to amino-modified polystyrene beads thus conferring a blue fluorescence. Crosslinking and immobilization were site-specific as both processes required the presence of the N-terminal peptide in HisCPC.
Planktonic Euryarchaeota are a significant source of archaeal tetraether lipids in the ocean
Authors: Lincoln Sara A. , Wai Brenner , Eppley John M. , Church Matthew J. , Summons Roger E. , DeLong Edward F. 
Published: June 2014

Significance
All three domains of life—Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea—are known to inhabit the marine water column from surface waters to great depth. Planktonic marine Archaea are comprised of two dominant groups—the Thaumarchaeaota and Euryarchaeota. The Thaumarchaeota contain characteristic biomarker lipids known as tetraethers that are thought to be diagnostic for this group, and are used as paleotemperature proxies, since these lipids are well preserved in marine sediments. In this study, we show that planktonic Euryarchaeota produce the same types of archaeal tetraether lipids as do Thaumarchaeaota. Our results have important implications for environmental surveys of marine Archaea, and the use of their lipids for interpretation of the sedimentary record.
Pseudo-Outbreak of Phaeoacremonium parasiticum from a Hospital Ice Dispenser
Authors: Blake Molly , Embil John M. , Trepman Elly , Adam Heather , Myers Renelle , Mutcher Pam 
Published: June 2014

In 31 patients, Phaeoacremonium parasiticum was recovered from bronchoscopy specimens (biopsies and aspirates). The pseudo-outbreak was caused by contaminated ice used to control hemorrhage during bronchoscopy and was associated with deficiencies in equipment cleaning. The bronchoscopy technique was modified, the ice dispenser was disinfected, bronchoscope reprocessing was improved, and there were no recurrences.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(8):1063–1065
Strategies to Enhance Adoption of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Prevention Interventions: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Goutier Jente M. , Holzmueller Christine G. , Edwards Kelsey C. , Klompas Michael , Speck Kathleen , Berenholtz Sean M. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is among the most lethal of all healthcare-associated infections. Guidelines summarize interventions to prevent VAP, but translating recommendations into practice is an art unto itself.ObjectiveSummarize strategies to enhance adoption of VAP prevention interventions.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review of articles in the MEDLINE database published between 2002 and 2012. We selected articles on the basis of specific inclusion criteria. We used structured forms to abstract implementation strategies and inserted them into the “engage, educate, execute, and evaluate” framework.ResultsTwenty-seven articles met our inclusion criteria. Engagement strategies included multidisciplinary teamwork, involvement of local champions, and networking among peers. Educational strategies included training sessions and developing succinct summaries of the evidence. Execution strategies included standardization of care processes and building redundancies into routine care. Evaluation strategies included measuring performance and providing feedback to staff.ConclusionWe summarized and organized practical implementation strategies in a framework to enhance adoption of recommended evidence-based practices. We believe this work fills an important void in most clinical practice guidelines, and broad use of these strategies may expedite VAP reduction efforts.
Surgical Site Infection Risk Factors Identified for Patients Undergoing Colon Procedures, New York State 2009–2010
Authors: Tserenpuntsag Boldtsetseg , Haley Valerie , Van Antwerpen Carole , Doughty Diana , Gase Kathleen A. , Ann Hazamy Peggy , Tsivitis Marie 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundSince 2007, New York State (NYS) hospitals have been required to report surgical site infections (SSIs) following colon procedures to the NYS Department of Health, using the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for the development of SSIs in patients undergoing colon procedures.MethodsNYS has been conducting validation studies at hospitals to assess the accuracy of the surveillance data reported by the participating hospitals. A sample of patients undergoing colon procedures in NYS hospitals were included in hospital-acquired infection program validation studies in 2009 and 2010. Medical chart reviews and on-site visits were performed to verify patient information reported and to evaluate additional risk factors for SSI. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed.ResultsA total of 2,656 colon procedures were included in this analysis, including 698 SSI cases. Multivariable analysis indicated that SSI following colon procedure was associated with body mass index greater than 30 (odds ratio [OR], 1.48 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21–1.80]), male sex (OR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.10–1.64]), American Society of Anesthesiologists physical classification score greater than 3 (OR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.08–1.64]), procedure duration, transfusion (OR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.05–1.66]), left-side colon surgical procedures, other gastroenterologic procedures, irrigation, hospital bed size greater than 500, and medical school affiliation.ConclusionsMale sex, obesity, transfusion, type of procedure, and prolonged duration were significant factors associated with overall infection risk after adjusting other factors. Additional factors not collected in the NHSN slightly improved prediction of SSIs.
Effectiveness of an Antimicrobial Polymer to Decrease Contamination of Environmental Surfaces in the Clinical Setting
Authors: Thom Kerri A. , Standiford Harold C. , Johnson J. Kristie , Hanna Nader , Furuno Jon P. 
Published: June 2014

We performed a real-world, controlled intervention to investigate use of an antimicrobial surface polymer, MSDS Poly, on environmental contamination. Pathogenic bacteria were identified in 18 (90%) of 20 observations in treated rooms and 19 (83%) of 23 observations in untreated rooms (P = .67). MSDS Poly had no significant effect on environmental contamination.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(8):1060–1062
Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Use, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 RNA Suppression, and Medical Causes of Hospitalization Among HIV-Infected Intravenous Drug Users in the Late ART Era
Authors: Vallecillo Gabriel , Mojal Sergio , Torrens Marta , Muga Roberto 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Background.  Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the rates and changed the causes of hospital admission. However, human immunodeficiency virus-positive intravenous drug users (HIV-IDU) continue to have increased hospitalizations and discharge diagnosis are less defined in the late ART era. Our aim was to examine ART use, HIV-1 RNA suppression, and hospital discharge diagnoses among HIV-IDU admitted to an urban hospital.
Methods.  A retrospective analysis was made of HIV-IDU admitted for medical causes for the first time (2006–2010). Surgical, obstetric, or mental (except HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder) diagnoses were excluded. Clinical characteristics, number of admissions, and primary discharge diagnoses were determined for each patient.
Results.  Three hundred and seventy-five admissions were recorded among 197 hospitalized HIV-IDU. Lifetime prevalence of ART use was 83.2% (164 of 197) and the rate of HIV-1 RNA &lt;50 copies/mL was 38.1% (75 of 197). Primary discharge diagnosis groups were as follows: bacterial infections (59.2%), chronic end-organ damage (16.8%), complications derived from injected drug use (16.8%), malignancies (9.1%), and opportunistic infections (6.6%). Chronic end-organ damage was diagnosed more frequently in patients with HIV-1 RNA &lt;50 copies/mL (36% vs 4.9%; P &lt; .000), and complications derived from injected drug use (23.8% vs 5.3%; P &lt; .0008) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) opportunistic infections (19.8% vs 1.3% P &lt; .019) were usually diagnosed in patients with HIV-1 RNA detectable viral load.
Conclusions.  Human immunodeficiency virus-positive intravenous drug users are admitted to hospitals mainly for non-AIDS-related illnesses; however, sustained HIV-1 RNA viral load suppression is poor and determines hospital discharge diagnoses. Providers need to be aware of the management of HIV-related comorbidities and reinforce strategies to improve ART retention in this population.