bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Development and Happiness: How Can Data on Subjective Well‐Being Inform Development Theory and Practice?
Authors: Kroll Christian 
Published: September 2014

SummaryHow can the new science of happiness add value to development theory and practice? While the topic of subjective well‐being (SWB, i.e. people's self‐reported life satisfaction and happiness) has recently attracted much attention in rich nations where economic growth over the past 60 years has not led to rises in average happiness, the potential of SWB in a development context remains underexploited. To illustrate one innovative way of using SWB data in such a context and outline their possibilities to the development community, this paper considers conventional development wisdom through a life satisfaction lens. The Human Development approach with its three key elements – material conditions, health and education – is reassessed by examining to what extent these factors actually matter for people's life satisfaction in different nations. Using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and data from the World Values Survey (WVS) for about 100,000 people from 70 nations, considerable heterogeneity can be identified regarding the importance of these three factors for the citizens’ SWB across countries. In addition, a ranking is devised on the basis of these results which combines subjective assessments of life satisfaction from the WVS and objective living conditions as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). As a result, it becomes clear which countries are more successful in generating the goods that truly matter for people's well‐being. The findings of this paper make a case for country specific development goals and strategies that go beyond a one‐size‐fits‐all approach. The results can therefore inform the current debate on how to revise the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) beyond 2015 and thereby advocate Customised Development Goals (CDGs). Future research should continue to provide more evidence on what are anthropological constants in the determinants of SWB and which variables are culturally relative.
The Political Economy of Low Carbon Energy in Kenya
Authors: Newell Peter , Phillips Jon , Pueyo Ana , Kirumba Edith , Ozor Nicolas , Urama Kevin 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThere is growing international focus on how to support more integrated approaches to addressing climate change in ways that capture synergies and minimise the trade‐offs between climate change mitigation, adaptation and development. These aims are embodied in the concept of climate compatible development (CCD). But what does this look like in practice in Kenya?With a National Action Plan on Climate Change, a Vision 2030 Strategy, a new constitution and a revised Energy Policy, Kenya is at a critical cross‐roads with respect to defining its energy future for the years to come. The challenge is to enable a just transition to a lower carbon economy that delivers poverty reduction and climate resilience at the same time. But thinking about who sets the terms of transition and for whom, raises key political questions about the role of actors, interests and institutions in the energy sector. In other words, who has the power to change power?Drawing on 29 interviews with government officials, donors and businesses conducted during 2013, insights gleaned from an interactive workshop with practitioners on the themes of the research, as well as available academic and grey literature, this paper explores the role of politics, actors and institutions in enabling or frustrating the pursuit of climate compatible energy development in Kenya. This is a critical time for Kenya in deciding its energy future and whether and how it will aim to make it ‘climate compatible’. Issues of power and political economy will play a key role in determining technological and social outcomes: the winners and losers from different energy pathways and on whose terms and how the trade‐offs between competing policy objectives are resolved. In particular political economy analysis helps to understand the potential for energy systems to meet climate, development and adaptation needs simultaneously.
Association between periodontal condition and hypertension in a non‐smoking population aged 30–49 years: results of the Health 2000 Survey in Finland
Authors: Ollikainen Emilia , Saxlin Tuomas , Tervonen Tellervo , Suominen Anna Liisa , Knuuttila Matti , Jula Antti , Ylöstalo Pekka 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate whether periodontal condition is associated with hypertension and systolic blood pressure.Materials and MethodsThe study population consisted of dentate, non‐diabetic, non‐smoking individuals aged 30–49 years (n = 1296) in the national Health 2000 Survey in Finland. The number of teeth with deepened (≥4 mm) and deep (≥6 mm) periodontal pockets and the number of sextants with gingival bleeding were used as explanatory variables. Hypertension and systolic blood pressure were used as outcome variables.ResultsThere was no consistent association between the number of teeth with deepened (≥4 mm) (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.95–1.01) or deep (≥6 mm) (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.90–1.12) periodontal pockets and hypertension after adjusting for confounding factors. Nor was there any essential association between the number of bleeding sextants and hypertension.ConclusionsPeriodontal pocketing and gingival bleeding did not appear to be related to hypertension in non‐diabetic, non‐smoking individuals aged 30–49 years. Further studies using experimental study designs would be required to determine the role of infectious periodontal diseases in the development or progression of hypertension.
Genome‐wide exploration identifies sex‐specific genetic effects of alleles upstream NPY to increase the risk of severe periodontitis in men
Authors: Freitag‐Wolf Sandra , Dommisch Henrik , Graetz Christian , Jockel‐Schneider Yvonne , Harks Inga , Staufenbiel Ingmar , Meyle Joerg , Eickholz Peter , Noack Barbara , Bruckmann Corinna , Gieger Christian , Jepsen Søren , Lieb Wolfgang , Schreiber Stefan , König Inke R. , Schaefer Arne S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimPeriodontitis (PD) is influenced by genetic as well as lifestyle and socio‐economic factors. Epidemiological studies show that men are at greater risk of severe forms of PD, suggesting interplay between sex and genetic factors. We aimed to systematically analyse patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) for gene–sex interactions.Materials and MethodsThree hundred and twenty‐nine German AgP cases and 983 controls were genotyped with Affymetrix 500K Arrays and were analysed by logistic regression analysis. The most significant gene–sex interaction was replicated in an independent sample of 382 German/Austrian AgP cases and 489 controls.ResultsTen single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in strong linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.85) upstream the gene neuropeptide Y (NPY) suggested gene–sex interaction (p < 5 × 10−5). SNP rs198712 showed the strongest association in interaction with sex (p = 5.4 × 10−6) with odds ratios in males and females of 1.63 and 0.69 respectively. In the replication, interaction of sex with rs198712 was verified with p = 0.022 (pooled p = 4.03 × 10−6) and similar genetic effects. Analysis of chromatin elements from ENCODE data revealed tissue‐specific transcription at the associated non‐coding region.ConclusionThis study is the first to observe a sexually dimorphic role of alleles at NPY in humans and support previous genome‐wide findings of a role of NPY in severe PD.
A prospective randomized exploratory study comparing the efficacy of once‐daily topical 0.5% 5‐fluorouracil in combination with 10.0% salicylic acid (5‐FU/SA) vs. cryosurgery for the treatment of hyperkeratotic actinic keratosis
Authors: Simon J.‐C. , Dominicus R. , Karl L. , Rodríguez R. , Willers C. , Dirschka T. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundActinic keratoses (AKs) are clinically significant and require therapy. Efficacy of low‐dose (0.5%) 5‐fluorouracil with 10% salicylic acid (5‐FU/SA) has been shown in randomized comparative trials of hyperkeratotic lesions of various grades.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy, tolerability and safety of low‐dose 5‐FU/SA topical solution vs. cryosurgery in patients with moderate/severe (grade II/III) hyperkeratotic AKs (NCT01358851).MethodsIn an exploratory, open, randomized study, patients with histologically confirmed moderate/severe hyperkeratotic AKs on the face/forehead or bald scalp received 6 weeks of once‐daily topical 0.5% 5‐FU/SA, or up to two cryosurgery treatments (3 weeks apart). Histological outcomes were determined from punch biopsies. Clinical, cosmetic and tolerability outcomes were also assessed.ResultsSixty‐six patients received treatment (33 per arm). The baseline total number of lesions was 266 (8.1/patient) in the 0.5% 5‐FU/SA and 263 (8.0/patient) in the cryosurgery group. Most (74.5%) lesions were grade II (grade III, 25.5%). Mean change in lesion count from baseline to Day 98 was −5.2 and −5.7 lesions per patient for 0.5% 5‐FU/SA and cryotherapy groups respectively. Histological AK clearance rates on Day 98 were 62.1% and 41.9% respectively. At 6‐month posttreatment follow‐up, recurrence of cleared lesions (no clinically visible lesions in treatment area) occurred in 39.4% of 0.5% 5‐FU/SA and 84.8% of cryosurgery patients. Drug‐related adverse events (AEs), including local skin reactions considered ‘severe’ by the investigator, were reported in 24.2% of 0.5% 5‐FU/SA and 6.1% of cryosurgery patients. All drug‐related AEs were skin reactions.ConclusionsAlthough the study was not powered to explore statistical differences in clinical efficacy between treatments, a short (6‐week) schedule of topical treatment with 0.5% 5‐FU/SA achieved greater histological clearance and lower recurrence of grade II/III hyperkeratotic AKs than cryosurgery. AE incidence across both treatment groups was relatively low and AEs were generally mild or moderate. Clinical trials.gov identifier: NCT01358851.
Does type D personality affect symptom control and quality of life in asthma patients?
Authors: Kim Sung Reul , Kim Hyun Kyung , Kang Jeong Hee , Jeong Seok Hee , Kim Hye Young , Kim So Ri , Kim Mi Young 
Published: September 2014

Aims and objectivesThis study aims to identify the effects of type D personality on symptom control and quality of life and to explore factors influencing quality of life among asthma patients in Korea.BackgroundPsychological factors such as depression and stress are well known to be related to medical outcomes and quality of life in asthma patients. People with type D personality are vulnerable to stress, show poor prognosis in disease and experience low quality of life.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional design was used.MethodsA total of 144 patients with asthma participated in this study. Data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews using structured questionnaires: the Type D Personality Scale‐14, Asthma Control Test and Asthma‐Specific Quality of Life.ResultsAbout 33% of participants were classified into the type D personality group. The type D personality group showed statistically significantly lower symptom control and asthma‐specific quality of life compared to the non‐type D personality group. Based on forward stepwise multiple regression, the most significant factor of quality of life was symptom control, followed by type D personality, hospitalisation within the previous one year, and lifetime hospitalisation experiences.ConclusionsThe prevalence of type D personality in asthma patients was high, and type D personality was significantly associated with poor symptom control and low quality of life. Psychosocial interventions might be beneficial to improve symptom control and quality of life in asthma patients with type D personality.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses should be aware of the high prevalence of type D personality and the effects on symptom control and quality of life in asthma patients. Nurses should also provide personality‐specific interventions to improve quality of life in such patients.
Moderate physical activity level as a protective factor against metabolic syndrome in middle‐aged and older women
Authors: Lin Chia‐Huei , Chiang Shang‐Lin , Yates Patsy , Lee Meei‐Shyuan , Hung Yi‐Jen , Tzeng Wen‐Chii , Chiang Li‐Chi 
Published: September 2014

Aims and objectivesTo investigate whether physical activity is a protective factor against metabolic syndrome in middle‐aged and older women.BackgroundSocio‐demographic and lifestyle behaviour factors contribute to metabolic syndrome. To minimise the risk of metabolic syndrome, several global guidelines recommend increasing physical activity level. However, only limited research has investigated the relationship between physical activity levels and metabolic syndrome in middle‐aged and older women after adjusting for socio‐demographic and lifestyle behaviour factors.DesignCross‐sectional design.MethodsA convenience sample of 326 middle‐aged and older women was recruited. Metabolic syndrome was confirmed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines, and physical activity levels were measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.ResultsThe sample had a mean age of 60·9 years, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 43·3%. Postmenopausal women and women with low socioeconomic status (low‐education background, without personal income and currently unemployed) had a significantly higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. After adjusting for significant socio‐demographic and lifestyle behaviour factors, the women with moderate or high physical activity levels had a significantly lower (OR = 0·10; OR = 0·11, p < 0·001) risk of metabolic syndrome and a lower risk for each specific component of metabolic syndrome, including elevated fasting plasma glucose (OR = 0·29; OR = 0·26, p = 0·009), elevated blood pressure (OR = 0·18; OR = 0·32, p = 0·029), elevated triglycerides (OR = 0·41; OR = 0·15, p = 0·001), reduced high‐density lipoprotein (OR = 0·28; OR = 0·27, p = 0·004) and central obesity (OR = 0·31; OR = 0·22, p = 0·027).ConclusionsAfter adjusting for socio‐demographic and lifestyle behaviour factors, physical activity level was a significant protective factor against metabolic syndrome in middle‐aged and older women. Higher physical activity levels (moderate or high physical activity level) reduced the risk of metabolic syndrome in middle‐aged and older women.Relevance to clinical practiceAppropriate strategies should be developed to encourage middle‐aged and older women across different socio‐demographic backgrounds to engage in moderate or high levels of physical activity to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome.
Design and validation of the INICIARE instrument, for the assessment of dependency level in acutely ill hospitalised patients
Authors: Morales‐Asencio José Miguel , Porcel‐Gálvez Ana María , Oliveros‐Valenzuela Rosa , Rodríguez‐Gómez Susana , Sánchez‐Extremera Lucrecia , Serrano‐López Francisco Andrés , Aranda‐Gallardo Marta , Canca‐Sánchez José Carlos , Barrientos‐Trigo Sergio 
Published: September 2014

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to establish the validity and reliability of an instrument (Inventario del NIvel de Cuidados mediante IndicAdores de clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería) used to assess the dependency level in acutely hospitalised patients. This instrument is novel, and it is based on the Nursing Outcomes Classification.BackgroundMultiple existing instruments for needs assessment have been poorly validated and based predominately on interventions. Standardised Nursing Languages offer an ideal framework to develop nursing sensitive instruments.DesignA cross‐sectional validation study in two acute care hospitals in Spain.MethodsThis study was implemented in two phases. First, the research team developed the instrument to be validated. In the second phase, the validation process was performed by experts, and the data analysis was conducted to establish the psychometric properties of the instrument.ResultsSeven hundred and sixty‐one patient ratings performed by nurses were collected during the course of the research study. Data analysis yielded a Cronbach's alpha of 0·91. An exploratory factorial analysis identified three factors (Physiological, Instrumental and Cognitive‐behavioural), which explained 74% of the variance.ConclusionsInventario del NIvel de Cuidados mediante IndicAdores de clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería was demonstrated to be a valid and reliable instrument based on its use in acutely hospitalised patients to assess the level of dependency.Relevance to clinical practiceInventario del NIvel de Cuidados mediante IndicAdores de clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería can be used as an assessment tool in hospitalised patients during the nursing process throughout the entire hospitalisation period. It contributes information to support decisions on nursing diagnoses, interventions and outcomes. It also enables data codification in large databases.
Electromyogram biofeedback training for daytime clenching and its effect on sleep bruxism
Authors: Sato M. , Iizuka T. , Watanabe A. , Iwase N. , Otsuka H. , Terada N. , Fujisawa M. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBruxism contributes to the development of temporomandibular disorders as well as causes dental problems. Although it is an important issue in clinical dentistry, no treatment approaches have been proven effective. This study aimed to use electromyogram (EMG) biofeedback (BF) training to improve awake bruxism (AB) and examine its effect on sleep bruxism (SB). Twelve male participants (mean age, 26·8 ± 2·5 years) with subjective symptoms of AB or a diagnosis of SB were randomly divided into BF (n = 7) and control (CO, n = 5) groups to undergo 5‐h daytime and night‐time EMG measurements for three consecutive weeks. EMG electrodes were placed over the temporalis muscle on the habitual masticatory side. Those in the BF group underwent BF training to remind them of the occurrence of undesirable clenching activity when excessive EMG activity of certain burst duration was generated in week 2. Then, EMGs were recorded at week 3 as the post‐BF test. Those in the CO group underwent EMG measurement without any EMG BF training throughout the study period. Although the number of tonic EMG events did not show statistically significant differences among weeks 1–3 in the CO group, events in weeks 2 and 3 decreased significantly compared with those in week 1, both daytime and night‐time, in the BF group (P < 0·05, Scheffé's test). This study results suggest that EMG BF to improve AB tonic EMG events can also provide an effective approach to regulate SB tonic EMG events.
The impact of diurnal sleep on the consolidation of a complex gross motor adaptation task
Authors: Hoedlmoser Kerstin , Birklbauer Juergen , Schabus Manuel , Eibenberger Patrick , Rigler Sandra , Mueller Erich 
Published: September 2014

SummaryDiurnal sleep effects on consolidation of a complex, ecological valid gross motor adaptation task were examined using a bicycle with an inverse steering device. We tested 24 male subjects aged between 20 and 29 years using a between‐subjects design. Participants were trained to adapt to the inverse steering bicycle during 45 min. Performance was tested before (TEST1) and after (TEST2) training, as well as after a 2 h retention interval (TEST3). During retention, participants either slept or remained awake. To assess gross motor performance, subjects had to ride the inverse steering bicycle 3 × 30 m straight‐line and 3 × 30 m through a slalom. Beyond riding time, we sophisticatedly measured performance accuracy (standard deviation of steering angle) in both conditions using a rotatory potentiometer. A significant decrease of accuracy during straight‐line riding after nap and wakefulness was shown. Accuracy during slalom riding remained stable after wakefulness but was reduced after sleep. We found that the duration of rapid eye movement sleep as well as sleep spindle activity are negatively related with gross motor performance changes over sleep. Together these findings suggest that the consolidation of adaptation to a new steering device does not benefit from a 2 h midday nap. We speculate that in case of strongly overlearned motor patterns such as normal cycling, diurnal sleep spindles and rapid eye movement sleep might even help to protect everyday needed skills, and to rapidly forget newly acquired, interfering and irrelevant material.
The nitrogen costs of photosynthesis in a diatom under current and future pCO2
Authors: Li Gang , Brown Christopher M. , Jeans Jennifer A. , Donaher Natalie A. , McCarthy Avery , Campbell Douglas A. 
Published: September 2014

Summary

With each cellular generation, oxygenic photoautotrophs must accumulate abundant protein complexes that mediate light capture, photosynthetic electron transport and carbon fixation. In addition to this net synthesis, oxygenic photoautotrophs must counter the light‐dependent photoinactivation of Photosystem II (PSII), using metabolically expensive proteolysis, disassembly, resynthesis and re‐assembly of protein subunits.

We used growth rates, elemental analyses and protein quantitations to estimate the nitrogen (N) metabolism costs to both accumulate the photosynthetic system and to maintain PSII function in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, growing at two pCO2 levels across a range of light levels.

The photosynthetic system contains c. 15–25% of total cellular N. Under low growth light, N (re)cycling through PSII repair is only c. 1% of the cellular N assimilation rate. As growth light increases to inhibitory levels, N metabolite cycling through PSII repair increases to c. 14% of the cellular N assimilation rate.

Cells growing under the assumed future 750 ppmv pCO2 show higher growth rates under optimal light, coinciding with a lowered N metabolic cost to maintain photosynthesis, but then suffer greater photoinhibition of growth under excess light, coincident with rising costs to maintain photosynthesis. We predict this quantitative trait response to light will vary across taxa.
Effect of land‐use change and management on biogenic volatile organic compound emissions – selecting climate‐smart cultivars
Authors: ROSENKRANZ MAARIA , PUGH THOMAS A. M. , SCHNITZLER JÖRG‐PETER , ARNETH ALMUT 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLand‐use change (LUC) has fundamentally altered the form and function of the terrestrial biosphere. Increasing human population, the drive for higher living standards and the potential challenges of mitigating and adapting to global environmental change mean that further changes inLUCare unavoidable.LUChas direct consequences on climate not only via emissions of greenhouse gases and changing the surface energy balance but also by affecting the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Isoprenoids, which dominate globalBVOCemissions, are highly reactive and strongly modify atmospheric composition. The effects ofLUConBVOCemissions and related atmospheric chemistry have been largely ignored so far. However, compared with natural ecosystems, most tree species used in bioenergy plantations are strongBVOCemitters, whereas intensively cultivated crops typically emit lessBVOCs. Here, we summarize the current knowledge onLUC‐drivenBVOCemissions and how these might affect atmospheric composition and climate. We further discuss land management and plant‐breeding strategies, which could be taken to move towards climate‐friendlyBVOCemissions while simultaneously maintaining or improving key ecosystem functions such as crop yield under a changing environment.