bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2015 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Focused Update of the 2013 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Regarding Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Powers William J. , Derdeyn Colin P. , Biller José , Coffey Christopher S. , Hoh Brian L. , Jauch Edward C. , Johnston Karen C. , Johnston S. Claiborne , Khalessi Alexander A. , Kidwell Chelsea S. , Meschia James F. , Ovbiagele Bruce , Yavagal Dileep R. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose—
The aim of this guideline is to provide a focused update of the current recommendations for the endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke. When there is overlap, the recommendations made here supersede those of previous guidelines.

Methods—
This focused update analyzes results from 8 randomized, clinical trials of endovascular treatment and other relevant data published since 2013. It is not intended to be a complete literature review from the date of the previous guideline publication but rather to include pivotal new evidence that justifies changes in current recommendations. Members of the writing committee were appointed by the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council’s Scientific Statement Oversight Committee and the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Manuscript Oversight Committee. Strict adherence to the American Heart Association conflict of interest policy was maintained throughout the consensus process. Recommendations follow the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association methods of classifying the level of certainty of the treatment effect and the class of evidence. Prerelease review of the draft guideline was performed by 6 expert peer reviewers and by the members of the Stroke Council Scientific Statement Oversight Committee and Stroke Council Leadership Committee.

Results—
Evidence-based guidelines are presented for the selection of patients with acute ischemic stroke for endovascular treatment, for the endovascular procedure, and for systems of care to facilitate endovascular treatment.

Conclusions—
Certain endovascular procedures have been demonstrated to provide clinical benefit in selected patients with acute ischemic stroke. Systems of care should be organized to facilitate the delivery of this care.
Synthesis of Vortex Rossby Waves. Part I: Episodically Forced Waves in the Inner Waveguide
Authors: Cotto Amaryllis , Gonzalez Israel , Willoughby Hugh E. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Spiral cloud bands dominate tropical cyclones’ appearance in satellite and radar images. It is generally accepted that at least some of them are vortex Rossby waves that propagate on the radial gradient of mean-flow-relative vorticity. This study models these features in Fourier and time domains as linear, barotropic, nondivergent waves on a maintained mean vortex scaled to resemble tropical cyclones. This formulation is the simplest one imaginable that encompasses the essential rotational dynamics.
The modeled waves are episodically forced by a rotating annular train of sinusoidal vorticity sources and sinks that crudely represents eyewall convection. Substantial quiescent time intervals separate forced intervals. The waves propagate wave energy predominantly outward and converge angular momentum inward. Waves’ energy is absorbed as their perturbation vorticity becomes filamented near the outer critical radii where their Doppler-shifted frequencies and radial group velocities approach zero. The waves can propagate spatially only in narrow annular waveguides because of their slow tangential phase velocity and the restricted Rossby wave frequency domain. Although radial shear of the mean flow distorts their velocity field into tightly wound spirals, their streamfunction and geopotential fields assume the form of elliptical gyres or broad trailing spirals that do not resemble observed hurricane rainbands.
Priority Setting, Cost-Effectiveness, and the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Persad Govind 
Published: June 2015

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) may be the most important health law statute in American history, yet much of the most prominent legal scholarship examining it has focused on the merits of the court challenges it has faced rather than delving into the details of its priority-setting provisions. In addition to providing an overview of the ACA's provisions concerning priority setting and their developing interpretations, this Article attempts to defend three substantive propositions.First, I argue that the ACA is neither uniformly hostile nor uniformly friendly to efforts to set priorities in ways that promote cost and quality.Second, I argue that the ACA does not take a single, unified approach to priority setting; rather, its guidance varies depending on the aspect of the healthcare system at issue (Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Medicare, essential health benefits) and the factors being excluded from priority setting (age, disability, life expectancy).Third, I argue that cost-effectiveness can be achieved within the ACA's constraints, but that doing so will require adopting new approaches to cost-effectiveness and priority setting. By limiting the use of standard cost-effectiveness analysis, the ACA makes the need for workable rivals to cost-effectiveness analysis a pressing practical concern rather than a mere theoretical worry.
Multicenter Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Systemic Propranolol in the Treatment of Airway Hemangiomas
Authors: Elluru Ravindhra G. , Friess Melanie R. , Richter Gresham T. , Grimmer J. Fred , Darrow David H. , Shin Jennifer J. , Perkins Jonathan A. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of systemic propranolol in airway infantile hemangioma (AIH) treatment.DesignCase series with chart review.ParticipantsPatients with AIH treated with propranolol between 2009 and 2012 with at least a 1‐year follow‐up.OutcomesPresenting age, treating institution, syndrome presence, presenting AIH stage, endoscopy status, propranolol initiation location/dose/duration, time to stridor resolution, adjunctive medical and surgical therapy, and treatment‐associated complications.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients met inclusion criteria. Average age of diagnosis was 2.3 months (range, 1‐5 months). The AIHs were stage 1 in 7 of 27 (26%), stage 2 in 12 of 27 (44%), and stage 3 in 8 of 27 (30%). Propranolol initiation was inpatient in 25 of 27 (93%) and outpatient in 2 of 27 (7%). Propranolol dose was maintained at 2 mg/kg/d in all patients for a minimum of 7 months (range, 7‐34 months; median, 15 months). Stridor was eliminated within 24 hours or less of propranolol initiation in 23 of 27 (85%). At diagnosis, staging and propranolol initiation in 11 of 27 (41%) were managed with propranolol alone; the remaining 16 of 27 (59%) also had a steroid injection. The use of adjuvant therapy at the time of propranolol initiation and the size of the AIH were not statistically correlated. Twelve patients had additional treatments after the initiation of propranolol due to recurrence of respiratory symptoms, 1 of 27 (4%) of whom was considered a nonresponder. No complications related to propranolol use were noted.ConclusionsThis multisite study of AIH treatment with propranolol demonstrates similar effectiveness to surgical treatment modalities. Propranolol therapy for AIH had no complications, had potentially lower resource utilization, and should be considered a first‐line AIH treatment.
Expression of Apoptotic vs Antiapoptotic Proteins in Middle Ear Cholesteatoma
Authors: Chung Jae Ho , Lee Seung Hwan , Park Chul Won , Kim Kyung Rae , Tae Kyung , Kang Sung‐Ho , Oh Young Ha , Pyo Ju Yeon 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo explore the role of antiapoptotic and apoptotic processes in the development of cholesteatoma by investigating the expression of an antiapoptotic (c‐FLIP) and apoptotic (p53) protein relative to the expression of a proliferation marker (Ki‐67).Study DesignBasic science study.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsAn immunohistochemical investigation was performed on 35 cholesteatoma specimens (21 acquired, 14 congenital) and 10 normal retroauricular skins to evaluate the expression of c‐FLIP, p53, and Ki‐67. The expression rate of each marker was measured to assess the difference between retroauricular skin and cholesteatoma, as well as between congenital and acquired cholesteatoma.Resultsc‐FLIP expression was significantly higher in the cholesteatoma specimens than in retroauricular skin (P <. 05), while the expression of p53 did not significantly differ between the two. Ki‐67 expression in cholesteatoma was significantly higher than in retroauricular skin (P <. 001). The c‐FLIP expression rate was positively correlated with that of Ki‐67 (r = 0.47, P =. 001), and there was no significant correlation between the expression level of p53 and that of Ki‐67 (r = 0.152, P =. 319). In addition, no differences in c‐FLIP, p53, and Ki‐67 expression rates were evident between congenital and acquired cholesteatoma.ConclusionsThe upregulation of c‐FLIP together with unchanged p53 suggests an altered equilibrium between apoptosis and antiapoptosis, favoring antiapoptosis, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma.
Can FLAIR hyperintense vessel (FHV) signs be influenced by varying MR parameters and flow velocities? A flow phantom analysis
Authors: Ahn Sung Jun , Lee Kyung-Yul , Ahn Sung Soo , Suh Hwal , Kim Bum-soo , Lee Seung-Koo 
Published: June 2015

Background Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintense vessels (FHVs) have been used to assess leptomeningeal collateral flow in acute ischemic stroke. However, prior FHVs studies showed inconsistent results, which may be ascribable to different magnetic resonance (MR) parameters used. Purpose To evaluate whether FHVs could be influenced by varying MR parameters and flow velocities, using a flow phantom. Material and Methods A total of 512 sets of FLAIRs were performed with varying parameters and flow velocities, using a flow phantom. Flow phantom was manufactured with 3.5% agarose solution, an 8-mm inner diameter silicone tube and non-pulsatile pump. Varying MR parameters were repetition time (TR)/inversion time (TI), echo time (TE), flip angle (FA) of refocusing pulse, and periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER). The signal intensity of flow were measured and regarded as the degree of FHVs. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were applied to evaluate the association between the degree of FHVs and varying MR parameters as well as flow velocities. Results On univariate analysis, PROPELLER technique (R2 = 0.448) demonstrated strongest correlation with the degree of FHV, followed by flow velocities (R2 = 0.204), FA (R2 = 0.126), and TE (R2 = 0.031), whereas TR/TI showed no significant correlations. On multivariate analysis, TE, FA, PROPELLER technique, and flow velocities were independent factors influencing the degree of FHVs (<0.001). Conclusion Flow velocities, FA of refocusing pulse, TE, and PROPELLER technique significantly affected the degree of FHVs. Optimized MR parameters should be used consistently in future studies, which may provide more reliable results.
Utility of the Instability Severity Index Score in Predicting Failure After Arthroscopic Anterior Stabilization of the Shoulder
Authors: Phadnis Joideep , Arnold Christine , Elmorsy Ahmed , Flannery Mark 
Published: June 2015

Background: The redislocation rate after arthroscopic stabilization for anterior glenohumeral instability is up to 30%. The Instability Severity Index Score (ISIS) was developed to preoperatively rationalize the risk of failure, but it has not yet been validated by an independent group. Purpose: To assess the utility of the ISIS in predicting failure of arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization and to identify other preoperative factors for failure. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A case-control study was performed on 141 consecutive patients, comparing those who suffered failure of arthroscopic stabilization with those who had successful arthroscopic stabilization. The mean follow-up time was 47 months (range, 24-132 months). The ISIS was applied retrospectively, and an analysis was performed to establish independent risk factors for failure. A receiver operator coefficient curve was constructed to set a threshold ISIS for considering alternative surgery. Results: Of 141 patients, 19 (13.5%) suffered recurrent instability. The mean ISIS of the failed stabilization group was higher than that of the successful stabilization group (5.1 vs 1.7; P < .001). Independent risk factors for failure were Hill-Sachs lesion ( P < .001), glenoid bone loss ( P < .001), age <21 years at the time of surgery ( P < .001), age at first dislocation ( P = .01), competitive-level participation in sports ( P < .001), and participation in contact or overhead sports ( P = .03). The presence of glenoid bone loss carried the highest risk of failure (70%). There was a 70% risk of failure if the ISIS was ≥4, as opposed to a 4% risk of failure if the ISIS was <4. Conclusion: This is the first completely independent study to confirm that the ISIS is a useful preoperative tool. It is recommended that surgeons consider alternative forms of stabilization if the ISIS is ≥4.
Rapid identification of polystyrene foam wastes containing hexabromocyclododecane or its alternative polymeric brominated flame retardant by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Schlummer Martin , Vogelsang Jörg , Fiedler Dominik , Gruber Ludwig , Wolz Gerd 
Published: June 2015

The brominated flame retardant hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) was added to Annex A of the list of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) of the Stockholm Convention. Thus, production and use of HBCDD will be banned, and the recycling of HBCDD-containing foam waste will be restricted. In reaction a special polymeric brominated flame retardant (PolyFR) was developed to replace HBCDD in expanded and extruded polystyrene foams for building and construction applications. A decision has to be made at some future time whether expanded and extruded polystyrene foam waste is to be subjected to incineration (with HBCDD) or to recycling (without HBCDD). Therefore, an appropriate and rapid field method is required to distinguish between foams containing HBCDD and foams free from HBCDD. Here we present a screening method for identifying HBCDD containing expanded and extruded polystyrene foams. The test principle is based on the fact that PolyFR (a brominated polymeric macromolecule) is not extractable whereas HBCDD (a low molecular weight substance) is extractable. Following rapid extraction of HBCDD the brominated flame retardant is identified and quantified via bromine analysis using a handheld X-ray fluorescence instrument. The method was applied successfully to 27 expanded and extruded polystyrene foam samples (foams and extruded polystyrene foam raw materials), which were provided without any information about the applied flame retardant. The presence of HBCDD was confirmed for all HBCDD-positive samples in the test. A robustness test revealed a high degree of correctness and a high repeatability for the test system: samples containing HBCDD and HBCDD-free samples were identified correctly with relative standard deviations of quantitative results below 14%. Moreover, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy test results agree well with HBCDD determinations performed in a laboratory with a gas chromatograph coupled to a flame ionisation detector.
Musculoskeletal Health Literacy in Patients With Foot and Ankle Injuries
Authors: Rosenbaum Andrew J. , Tartaglione Jason , Abousayed Mostafa , Uhl Richard L. , Mulligan Michael T. , Alley Max , DiPreta John A. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose. Approximately 33% of Americans have inadequate health literacy, which is associated with decreased medical knowledge, increased hospitalization and use of emergency care, and worse control of diseases. In this study, the Literacy in Musculoskeletal Problems (LiMP) questionnaire was used to evaluate the prevalence of limited musculoskeletal literacy in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with foot and ankle–related complaints, as these individuals may be at increased risk for inferior outcomes. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, individuals ≥18 years of age presenting with foot and ankle–related complaints to the ED were invited to participate. Participants completed a demographic survey and the LiMP questionnaire, with scores ≥6 indicative of adequate musculoskeletal literacy. The prevalence of adequate health literacy and the influence of demographic parameters was assessed. P values <.05 were considered significant. Results. The mean LiMP score was 5 ± 2.06. Limited musculoskeletal health literacy was seen in 32% of participants (18/56). Although gender (male), a current or prior employment in a health care field, and having previously seen a physician for a musculoskeletal complaint correlated with higher literacy rates, these values did not reach statistical significance ( P > .05). However, Caucasians and those with higher levels of education (equal to or more than college) were significantly more likely to possess adequate literacy ( P = .008, P = .04, respectively). Conclusions. Approximately one third of patients presenting to the ED with foot and ankle–related complaints have limited musculoskeletal literacy and may lack the necessary skills required for making informed decisions regarding their care. This is concerning and has tremendous socioeconomic implications, as more than 23 000 people per day require medical care for ankle sprains in the United States, with average treatment costs for this injury in the ED setting estimated at $1498. Identification of those most at risk is thus crucial and will facilitate the development of interventions geared toward those most vulnerable. Levels of Evidence: Prognostic, Level IV study
Improving health outcomes for young people with long term conditions: The role of digital communication in current and future patient–clinician communication for NHS providers of specialist clinical services for young people – LYNC study protocol
Authors: Griffiths Frances E , Atherton Helen , Barker Jack R , Cave Jonathan AK , Dennick Kathryn , Dowdall Peter , Fraser Joe , Huxley Caroline , Kim Sung-Wook , Madan Jason J , Matharu Harjit , Musumadi Luhanga , Palmer Tom M , Paul Moli , Sankaranarayanan Sailesh , Slowther Anne-Marie , Sujan Mark A , Sutcliffe Paul A , Sturt Jackie 
Published: June 2015

Background Young people living with long term conditions are vulnerable to health service disengagement. This endangers their long term health. Studies report requests for digital forms of communication – email, text, social media – with their health care team. Digital clinical communication is troublesome for the UK NHS. Aim In this article we aim to present the research protocol for evaluating the impacts and outcomes of digital clinical communications for young people living with long term conditions and provide critical analysis of their use, monitoring and evaluation by NHS providers (LYNC study: Long term conditions, Young people, Networked Communications). Methods The research involves: (a) patient and public involvement activities with 16–24 year olds with and without long term health conditions; (b) six literature reviews; (c) case studies – the main empirical part of the study – and (d) synthesis and a consensus meeting. Case studies use a mixed methods design. Interviews and non-participant observation of practitioners and patients communicating in up to 20 specialist clinical settings will be combined with data, aggregated at the case level (non-identifiable patient data) on a range of clinical outcomes meaningful within the case and across cases. We will describe the use of digital clinical communication from the perspective of patients, clinical staff, support staff and managers, interviewing up to 15 young people and 15 staff per case study. Outcome data includes emergency admissions, A&E attendance and DNA (did not attend) rates. Case studies will be analysed to understand impacts of digital clinical communication on patient health outcomes, health care costs and consumption, ethics and patient safety.
Prognostic significance of minimal residual disease in high risk B-ALL: a report from Children’s Oncology Group study AALL0232
Authors: Borowitz Michael J. , Wood Brent L. , Devidas Meenakshi , Loh Mignon L. , Raetz Elizabeth A. , Salzer Wanda L. , Nachman James B. , Carroll Andrew J. , Heerema Nyla A. , Gastier-Foster Julie M. , Willman Cheryl L. , Dai Yunfeng , Winick Naomi J. , Hunger Stephen P. , Carroll William L. , Larsen Eric 
Published: June 2015

Key Points
MRD measured by flow cytometry is prognostic in childhood B-ALL even with more effective high-dose methotrexate therapy. Intensive therapy in MRD-positive patients altered the timing of relapse but did not overcome the poor prognostic significance of MRD.
Correction of murine hemoglobinopathies by prenatal tolerance induction and postnatal nonmyeloablative allogeneic BM transplants
Authors: Peranteau William H. , Hayashi Satoshi , Abdulmalik Osheiza , Chen Qiukan , Merchant Aziz , Asakura Toshio , Flake Alan W. 
Published: June 2015

Key PointsIUHCT induces DST in murine models of sickle cell and β-Thal. IUHCT combined with postnatal nonmyeloablative allogeneic BM transplants corrects the disease phenotype in SCD and Thal mice.
The oxidative demethylase ALKBH3 marks hyperactive gene promoters in human cancer cells
Authors: Liefke Robert , Windhof-Jaidhauser Indra M. , Gaedcke Jochen , Salinas-Riester Gabriela , Wu Feizhen , Ghadimi Michael , Dango Sebastian 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Background
The oxidative DNA demethylase ALKBH3 targets single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in order to perform DNA alkylation damage repair. ALKBH3 becomes upregulated during tumorigenesis and is necessary for proliferation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be understood.

Methods
To further elucidate the function of ALKBH3 in cancer, we performed ChIP-seq to investigate the genomic binding pattern of endogenous ALKBH3 in PC3 prostate cancer cells coupled with microarray experiments to examine the expression effects of ALKBH3 depletion.

Results
We demonstrate that ALKBH3 binds to transcription associated locations, such as places of promoter-proximal paused RNA polymerase II and enhancers. Strikingly, ALKBH3 strongly binds to the transcription initiation sites of a small number of highly active gene promoters. These promoters are characterized by high levels of transcriptional regulators, including transcription factors, the Mediator complex, cohesin, histone modifiers, and active histone marks. Gene expression analysis showed that ALKBH3 does not directly influence the transcription of its target genes, but its depletion induces an upregulation of ALKBH3 non-bound inflammatory genes.

Conclusions
The genomic binding pattern of ALKBH3 revealed a putative novel hyperactive promoter type. Further, we propose that ALKBH3 is an intrinsic DNA repair protein that suppresses transcription associated DNA damage at highly expressed genes and thereby plays a role to maintain genomic integrity in ALKBH3-overexpressing cancer cells. These results raise the possibility that ALKBH3 may be a potential target for inhibiting cancer progression.
Some generalized fixed point results in a b-metric space and application to matrix equations
Authors: Pathak Hemant Kumar , George Reny , Nabwey Hossam A , El-Paoumy Mahdy S , Reshma Kaivatath Puthalath 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe have proved a generalized Presic-Hardy-Rogers contraction principle and Ciric-Presic type contraction principle for two mappings in a b-metric space. As an application, we derive some convergence results for a class of nonlinear matrix equations. Numerical experiments are also presented to illustrate the convergence algorithms.