bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen an den Xenonisotopen 133 X und 135X in der Wilsonschen Nebelkammer
Authors: Behrens Heinz 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Die bei der Uranspaltung sekundär entstehenden β-aktiven Xenonisotope 133 X und 135 X wurden in der Nebelkammer untersucht. Die den β-Zerfall begleitende γ-Strahlung konnte durch "innere Umwandlung" der γ-Strahlung beobachtet und die Quantenenergien daraus berechnet werden. Der β-Zerfall des Kerns 133X ist von einer γ-Strahlung der Energie 77 ± 15 keV begleitet, während beim Zerfall des Kerns 135X γ-Quantenenergien von 53 ± 10, 148 ± 15, 190 ± 19 und 261 ± 26 keV gemessen wurden. Dabei wurde wahrscheinlich gemacht, daß das 190-keV-γ-Quant in zwei Schritten emittiert werden kann. Einige typische Nebelkammeraufnahmen der am Einzelprozeß beobachteten "inneren Umwandlung" werden gezeigt.
NOTIZEN: Über den amorphen Zustand
Authors: Prins J. A. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
e r w i n 3 hat unabhängig vom Verfasser, allerdings etwas später, im wesentlichen das gleidie Verfahren zur Behandlung der ionenoptischen Eigenschaften magneti-scher Felder vorgeschlagen und für den Spezialfall t1 =s2 = 0 und Z1 ^ l2 einen Ausdruck für den Öffnungs-fehler angegeben, der sich auch aus der hier angegebenen allgemeinen Formel ableiten läßt. Eine ausführliche Behandlung der Fokussierungseigen-schaften beliebig begrenzter homogener Magnetfelder er-folgt demnächst in dieser Zeitschrift. Substanzen, welche nicht offensichtlich kristallin sind, kennte man früher vielleicht alle amorph nennen, heute ist man vorsichtiger. Man kann und soll Untersdiiede madien, die sich vor allem auf eine kritische Betrachtung des Interferenzbildes (Röntgen-, Elektronen-oder Neu-tronenstrahlen) begründen.
Zur Frage der Kausalität in der Quantentheorie der Elementarteilchen
Authors: Heisenberg W. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Im Anschluß an zwei frühere Arbeiten2 wird untersucht, inwieweit man die Abweichungen vom kausalen Verhalten, die nach Fierz3 im Rahmen der dort geschilderten S-Matrix-Theorie auftreten, auf kleinere Raum-Zeit-Gebiete beschränken kann. Ferner werden Argumente für solches Abweichen vom kausalen Verhalten innerhalb einer allgemeinen Theorie der Elementarteilchen besprochen.
Über die Terme der Aktivatoren im Bändermodell der Sulfidphosphore
Authors: Schön Michael 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Bei Kristallphosphoren mit Rekombinationsleuchten läßt sich im Bändermodell der Aktivator nicht durch einen einzigen Term charakterisieren, da sowohl mit der Anregung wie mit dem Leuchtvorgang eine Ladungsänderung verbunden ist, die Gitterumlagerungen in der Umgebung des Aktivators bewirkt. Es wird gezeigt, daß man für den Aktivator drei Terme angeben muß, von denen der tiefste für den optischen Übergang eines Elektrons aus dem Aktivator ins Leitfähigkeits- oder Valenzband, der mittlere für die thermische Wechselwirkung zwischen Aktivator und den beiden Bändern, und der obere für den optischen Übergang eines Elektrons aus den Bändern in den Aktivator (z. B. Emission) maßgebend ist. Die Abstände zwischen den Termen betragen einige Zehntel eVolt.
Die Massen der Substandards 1H, 2D, 12C und anderer leichter Atome
Authors: Ewald Heinz 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Es wurden Neumessungen für 18 massenspektrographische Dubletts vorgenommen. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabellen zusammengestellt, ihre Übereinstimmung mit früheren Messungen wird diskutiert. Aus den Messungen folgen neue Werte für die Massen von:

1n, 1H, 2D, 4He, 12C, 13C, 14N, 15N, 17O, 18O, 19F, 20Ne, 21Ne, 22Ne, 28Si, 31P, 32S, 34S und 40A
Zum Problem der chemischen Zündung thermischer Kernreaktionen
Authors: Sänger Eugen 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Die Zündtemperaturen thermischer Kernreaktionen liegen um 7 bis 10 Zehnerpotenzen höher als jene üblicher chemischer Verbrennungsreaktionen und um 5 bis 8 Größenordnungen über den höchsten chemischen Reaktionstemperaturen.
Im Mittelpunkt konvergierender Verdichtungsstöße in Gasen steigt die Temperatur theoretisch gegen Unendlich. Neuere Anschauungen über die Natur der Detonation fester und flüssiger Sprengstoffe erlauben es, deren Detonationswellen ebenfalls als Verdichtungsstöße in dem mittels Lumineszenzstrahlung vergasten Sprengstoff aufzufassen, denen die chemische Reaktion erst nachfolgt.
Mit Hilfe derartiger konvergenter Detonationswellen kann man daher die Temperatur eines endlichen Bruchteiles der chemisch reagierenden Sprengstoffmasse bis in die Gegend der thermischen Kernzündtemperaturen steigern.
Die Grenze dieser dynamischen Temperatursteigerung ist durch die Gesamtionisierungs-Temperatur bedingt, und man nähert sich in Gemischen aus Sprengstoffschwaden höchster Gesamtionisierungs-Temperatur mit solchen niedrigster Kernzünd-Temperatur anscheinend kritischen Verhältnissen.
Isolated Flavonoids against Mammary Tumour Cells LM2
Authors: Carli Camila B. de A. , Matos Djamile C. de , Lopes Flávia C. M. , Maia Danielle C. G. , Dias Maristela B. , Sannomiya Miriam , Rodrigues Clenilson M. , Andreo Marcio A. , Vilegas Wagner , Colombo Lucas L. , Carlos Iracilda Z. 
Published: January 2015

1
The purpose of the present study was to investigate antitumour and anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids isolated from Byrsonima crassa, Davilla elliptica and Mouriri pusa. The antitumour activity was measured by the MTT assay in murine mammary tumour cells (LM2) and the IC50 values of the fl avonoids tested ranged from (31.5 ± 2.97) to (203.1 ± 5.9) μg/ml. The fl avonoids (myricetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside) and 3 (quercetin-3-Ogalactopyranoside) from D. elliptica were the most active ones against the tumour cells. The same samples were tested to determine the inhibition of the release of nitric oxide (NO) and of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in murine macrophages by the Griess and ELISA sandwich assay, respectively. Almost all the samples showed inhibitory activity to the release of NO but not of TNF-α. Of all substances tested, flavonoids 2 (quercetin) and 6 (myricetin) may show promising activity in the treatment of murine breast cancer by immunomodulatory and antiproliferative activities.
Two New 11(15→1)Abeotaxanes with a 2,20-Epoxy Ring from the Needles of Taxus canadensis
Authors: Zhang Man-Li , Zhang Jing , Dong Mei , Feng Shu-Hua , Huo Chang-Hong , Sauriol Françoise , Shi Qing-Wen , Gu Yu-Cheng , Kiyota Hiromasa , Cong Bin 
Published: January 2015

1
Two 11(15→1)abeotaxanes having a tetrahydrofuran ring along the carbon atoms C-2, C-3, C-4, C-20 were identified for the first time from the needles of the Canadian yew, Taxus canadensis. The compounds could be identified as 4α,10β,13α-triacetoxy-15-benzoyloxy-2α,20β- epoxy-11(15→1)abeotax-11-ene-5α,7β,9α-triol () and 4α,7β,9α,10β,15-pentaacetoxy-2α,20β- epoxy-11(15→1)abeotax-11-ene-5α,13α-diol (2) on the basis of 1D-, 2D-NMR evidence and high-resolution FABMS analysis. Compound 1 showed weak growth inhibitory activities against T-98 and MM1-CB cells in vitro.
Biological Activity of 1-Aryl-3-phenethylamino-1-propanone Hydrochlorides and 3-Aroyl-4-aryl-1-phenethyl-4-piperidinols on PC-3 Cells and DNA Topoisomerase I Enzyme
Authors: Mete Ebru , Gul Halise Inci , Canturk Pakize , Topcu Zeki , Pandit Bulbul , Gul Mustafa , Li Pui-Kai 
Published: January 2015

1a
A number of studies reported Mannich bases to manifest antimicrobial, cytotoxic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anticonvulsant activities. A considerable number of therapeutically important cytotoxic compounds are active on DNA topoisomerases that regulate the DNA topology. In the present study we evaluated the biological activity of mono- Mannich bases, 1-aryl-3-phenethylamino-1-propanone hydrochlorides (- 10a), and semicyclic mono- Mannich bases, 3-aroyl-4-aryl-1-phenethyl-4-piperidinols (1b - 9b), synthesized in our laboratory. We employed androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) to assess the cytotoxicity of the compounds and extended the biological activity evaluation to cover supercoil relaxation assays of mammalian type I topoisomerases. Our results showed that the compounds had cytotoxicity within the 8.2 - 32.1 μM range, while two compounds gave rise to a comparable average value in topo I interference of 42% and 40% for 10a (with a hydroxy substituent on the phenyl ring from mono-Mannich bases) and 5b (with a fluoro substituent on the phenyl ring from the semicyclic mono-Mannich base series, piperidinols), respectively
Structural Investigation of an Antibacterial Polysaccharide from Streptomyces virginia H03
Authors: He Feng , Yang Guang , Yu Longjiang 
Published: January 2015

The chemical structure of a polysaccharide from the broth of cultured Streptomyces virginia H03 was investigated. There might be 1→2 and 1→4 and no 1→6 glycosidic linkages in the polysaccharide according to periodate oxidation and Smith degradation. Four fragments including 2,3,4,6-Me4-Man, 2,3,6-Me3-Gal, 2,4,6-Me3-Glc, and 3,6-Me2-Man were found in the methylated polysaccharide. Furthermore, the polysaccharide has a β-Glc(1→4)- α-Man(1→4)-α-Gal(1→3)-linked backbone and a branch at the C-2 position of (1→2)-linked mannose residues as determined by the method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The assumed structure of the polysaccharide is
[→3)-β-Glc(1→4)-α-Man (1→4)-α-Gal(1→]n.
2
↑
α-Man(1
Additionally, the polysaccharide has a wide antibiogram and was found to be most effective against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli.
Synthesis of s-Triazine-Based Thiazolidinones as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Patel Divyesh , Patel Rahul , Kumari Premlata , Patel Navin B. 
Published: January 2015

5
A novel series of thiazolidinone derivatives, namely 4-{4-dimethylamino-6-[4-oxo- 2-phenyl-5-(4-pyridin-2-yl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-thiazolidin-3-yl]-[1,3,5]-triazin-2-yloxy}- 1-methyl-1H-quinolin-2-ones, have been synthesized from the key intermediate 4-(4-amino- 6-dimethylamino-[1,3,5]-triazin-2-yloxy)-1-methyl-1H-quinolin-2-one (). Compound 5 was condensed with various aldehydes to give Schiff base derivatives, which after cyclization gave thiazolidinones that were linked with 1-pyridin-2-yl-piperazine to obtain the target compounds. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against eight bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Shigella flexneri) and four fungi (Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus clavatus)
Antitumour Activities of Sesquiterpene Lactones from Inula helenium and Inula japonica
Authors: Li Yong , Ni Zhi-Yu , Zhu Meng-Chu , Dong Mei , Wang Si-Ming , Shi Qing-Wen , Zhang Man-Li , Wang Yu-Fang , Huo Chang-hong , Kiyota Hiromasa , Cong Bin 
Published: January 2015

3
Eight sesquiterpene lactones were isolated from the roots of Inula helenium and fl owers of I. japonica. Among them, isoalantolactone () and santamarine (6) exhibited significant growth inhibitory activities against gynecologic cancer cell lines, while others weakly inhibited the growth of the cell lines (IC50 ≤ 100 μM). In addition, 3 significantly inhibited the tumour growth of S180 tumour-bearing mice. Compounds 3 and 6 were not toxic to human embryonic lung fibroblast cells in vitro. These results demonstrated that the antitumour activities are closely related to the structures of the compounds, that is, an α-exomethylene- γ-lactone ring is necessary for these activities.
A New Cytotoxic Brominated Acetylenic Hydrocarbon from the Marine Sponge Haliclona sp. with a Selective Effect against Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Alarif Walied M. , Abdel-Lateff Ahmed , Al-Lihaibi Sultan S. , Ayyad Seif-Eldin N. , Badria Farid A. 
Published: January 2015

3
Three acetylenic brominated derivatives were isolated from a Red Sea sponge, Haliclona sp. One of them, 18-bromooctadeca-9(E),17(E)-dien-7,15-diynoic acid (), is a known metabolite, and the other two are new compounds, (1E,5E,12E,19E)-1,22-dibromodocosa- 1,5,12,19-tetraen-3,14,21-triyne (1) and methyl 18-bromooctadeca-9(E),17(E)-dien-7,15- diynoate (2) which was isolated for the first time as a natural metabolite. Structures of all compounds were determined based on extensive spectroscopic measurements [1D (1H, 13C and DEPT) and 2D (HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) NMR, MS, UV, and IR]. All compounds, except 3, were evaluated for their cytotoxicity employing four cancer cell lines, i.e. MCF-7 (human breast cancer), HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), WI-38 (skin carcinoma), and Vero (African green monkey kidney). Compounds 1 and 2 had potent selective antitumour activity towards MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 32.5 and 50.8 μM, respectively
Calcium Sensitizers Isolated from the Edible Pine Mushroom, Tricholoma matsutake (S. Ito & Imai) Sing
Authors: Hou Yunlong , Sun Shichao , Wu Lijun , Wang Xiaodan , Li Ting , Zhang Minyun , Wang Jianwei , Wang Libo 
Published: January 2015

1
Three lactam compounds were isolated from the fruiting body of Tricholoma matsutake (S. Ito & Imai) Sing., an edible mushroom, and their structures were identifi ed as cyclo- S-proline-R-leucine (), hexahydro-2H-azepin-2-one (2), and butyl 5-oxo-2-pyrrolidine carboxylate (3) by chemical, physicochemical, and spectral evidence. In in vitro screening tests, compounds 1 and 2 acted as calcium sensitizers in ventricular cells from rat. Further studies on compounds 1 and 2 in ex vivo isolated right atria showed positive inotropic effects without disturbing the spontaneous beating rate. The inotropic effect of compounds 1 and 2 could be greatly abolished by pretreating the myocardium in Ca2+-free solution. These fi ndings indicate that compounds 1 and 2 can signifi cantly increase the calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) in myocytes, which is greatly dependent on the infl ux of extracellular Ca2+.
Comparison of Electrochemical Behavior of Cu-10Ni-10Zn Alloy and Cu in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Badawy Waheed A. , El-Rabiei Mohamed M. , Nady Hashem M. , Samy Mohammed A. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of Cu-10Ni-10Zn alloy and
Cu was investigated in acidic, neutral and basic solutions. The
effect of chloride ions in neutral solutions was also
studied. Conventional electrochemical techniques and electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy were used. The corrosion rate of these
materials in acidic solutions is relatively high compared to that in
neutral or basic solutions. The open-circuit potential of the alloy is
nearly the same as that of pure copper in the different media,
indicating that the processes which occur on the alloy surface are
mainly governed by copper dissolution. In chloride solutions the rate
of Cu corrosion is remarkably high. In the alloy, the copper
dissolution was suppressed by the presence of nickel and zinc, due to
the formation of complex oxide layers. The impedance data were fitted
to equivalent circuit models that explain the different
electrochemical processes occurring at the electrode/electrolyte
interface. SEM and EDAX have shown that the alloy surface is enriched
with Ni. In neutral solutions the chloride ions are penetrating the
metallic surface.
A Standard Burner for High Pressure Laminar Premixed Flames: Detailed Soot Diagnostics
Authors: Leschowski Martin , Dreier Thomas , Schulz Christof 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Soot formation and oxidation in high-pressure combustion is of high
practical relevance but still sparsely investigated because of its
experimental complexity. In this work we present a high-pressure
burner for studying sooting premixed flames at pressures up to
30 bar. An optically accessible vessel houses a burner that
stabilizes a rich premixed ethylene/air flame on a porous sintered
stainless-steel plate. The flame is surrounded by a non-sooting rich
methane/air flame and an air coflow for reducing temperature
gradients, buoyancy-induced instabilities, and heat loss of the
innermost flame. Spectrally-resolved soot pyrometry was used for
determining gas temperatures. These were introduced into model
functions to fit the temporal signal decay curves obtained from
two-color time-resolved laser-induced incandescence (TiRe-LII)
measurements for extracting soot volume fractions and mean particle
size as a function of height above burner and gas pressure. The
derived mean particle sizes and soot concentrations were compared
against thermophoretically sampled soot analyzed via transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) and laser extinction measurements at
785 nm, respectively. Soot volume fractions derived from
LII peak signal intensities need to be corrected for signal
attenuation at the high soot concentrations present in the
investigated flame. From the various heat conduction models employed
in deriving mean soot particle diameters from TiRe-LII, the Fuchs
model gave remarkably good agreement with TEM on sampled soot at
various heights above the burner.
A Genetic Screen and Transcript Profiling Reveal a Shared Regulatory Program forDrosophilaLinker Histone H1 and Chromatin Remodeler CHD1
Authors: Kavi Harsh , Lu Xingwu , Xu Na , Bartholdy Boris A , Vershilova Elena , Skoultchi Arthur I , Fyodorov Dmitry V 
Published: January 2015

AbstractChromatin structure and activity can be modified through ATP-dependent repositioning of nucleosomes and posttranslational modifications of core histone tails within nucleosome core particles and by deposition of linker histones into the oligonucleosome fiber. The linker histone H1 is essential in metazoans. It has a profound effect on organization of chromatin into higher-order structures and on recruitment of histone-modifying enzymes to chromatin. Here, we describe a genetic screen for modifiers of the lethal phenotype caused by depletion of H1 in Drosophila melanogaster. We identify 41 mis-expression alleles that enhance and 20 that suppress the effect of His1 depletion in vivo. Most of them are important for chromosome organization, transcriptional regulation, and cell signaling. Specifically, the reduced viability of H1-depleted animals is strongly suppressed by ubiquitous mis-expression of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme CHD1. Comparison of transcript profiles in H1-depleted and Chd1 null mutant larvae revealed that H1 and CHD1 have common transcriptional regulatory programs in vivo. H1 and CHD1 share roles in repression of numerous developmentally regulated and extracellular stimulus-responsive transcripts, including immunity-related and stress response-related genes. Thus, linker histone H1 participates in various regulatory programs in chromatin to alter gene expression.
The Utility of Inpatient Rebound Bilirubin Levels in Infants Readmitted After Birth Hospitalization for Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Berkwitt Adam , Osborn Rachel , Grossman Matthew 
Published: February 2015

Background and Objectives:
There are few data evaluating the role of inpatient rebound bilirubin levels in the management of infants readmitted after their birth hospitalization for indirect hyperbilirubinemia. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the clinical utility of inpatient rebound bilirubin levels within this patient population.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 226 infants readmitted after their birth hospitalization for indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Data from 130 infants with rebound bilirubin levels drawn at a mean of 6.1 ± 2.4 hours after discontinuation of phototherapy were compared with data from 96 infants without rebound bilirubin levels. The primary outcome was readmission to the hospital, and secondary outcomes included length of stay and discharge time. A subgroup analysis compared characteristics of children who required repeat phototherapy versus those who did not.

Results:
Overall, 5 of 130 patients from the rebound group were readmitted compared with 4 of 96 patients from the no-rebound group (P = .98). Length of stay was significantly longer for patients with rebound bilirubin levels (27.7 vs 23.2 hours; P = .001). Patients with bilirubin levels lowered to ≤14 mg/dL were less likely to receive repeat phototherapy than those with levels &gt;14 mg/dL (2 of 129 vs 12 of 97; P = .001).

Conclusions:
Early inpatient rebound bilirubin levels do not successfully predict which patients will require hospital readmission for repeat phototherapy. Children with bilirubin levels lowered to ≤14 mg/dL with phototherapy are unlikely to receive repeat phototherapy.
Insecta, Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Panstrongylus geniculatus: geographic distribution map
Authors: Leite Gustavo Rocha , Dos Santos Claudiney Biral , Falqueto Aloísio 
Published: January 2015

Panstrongylus geniculatus is one of the most widely distributed species of Triatominae in South and Central America, occurring in several biomes with different climatic characteristics. We present the results of captures of P. geniculatus provided from a 10-year program of entomological surveillance in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. We also present an updated geographic distribution map of P. geniculatus obtained from an extensive literature review. The entomological surveillance program, between 1996 and 2005, provided 110 capture registers of P. geniculatus in Espírito Santo. These are the first records of P. geniculatus from 15 municipalities in this state. P. geniculatus extends through 18 countries in Central and South America, from southern Mexico to northern Argentina.
Growth Morphologies, Fragmentation Patterns, and Hardness in Sodium Hydrogen Urate Monohydrate
Authors: Brune A. B. , Petuskey W.T. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTMechanical properties and new morphological data on synthetic sodium hydrogen urate monohydrate are reported and interpreted. Crystals formed in supersaturated aqueous solutions were identified by powder x-ray diffraction. Intact grains and separate needles were examined by several microscopy techniques, some reported here for the first time. The dominant morphology was spherulite-type, comprising tapered, branched blades (needles) radiating out of a common core. The pointed blade tips were truncated by (011) planes, corresponding to hydrogen-bonded planes. Branching was at about a 5° angle or its multiples, suggesting it accommodated by dislocation arrays at the low angle boundaries, as is often seen in twinning. Vicker’s micro-hardness, extrapolated to zero porosity, was 0.90 GPa, which is greater than the hardness measured by nano-indentation. Present results are anticipated to be useful in interpreting the mechanical characteristics of the material crystallized in vivo and its action concerning gout, and affording inferences on the role of the milieu on morphologies, fragmentation, and hardness.
Electron Traps in Rutile TiO2 Crystals: Intrinsic Small Polarons, Impurities, and Oxygen Vacancies
Authors: Halliburton Larry E. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTRutile TiO2 is well known for its ability to “trap” photoinduced electrons at Ti4+ ions and form Ti3+ ions with an unpaired d1 electron. This has been shown experimentally to result in a large family of similar, yet slightly different, Ti3+-related centers that include both intrinsic small polarons and donor-bound small polarons. In these latter centers, the Ti3+ ion is located next to an oxygen vacancy or an impurity such as fluorine, lithium, or hydrogen. These small polarons are easily formed in commercially available bulk single crystals of rutile TiO2 by illuminating oxidized (and nominally undoped) samples at temperatures between 5 and 30 K with sub-band-gap laser light (e.g., 442 nm) or by slight reducing treatments (in the case of hydrogen). Once formed, the ground states of the defects are readily studied at low temperature with magnetic resonance (EPR and ENDOR). Single crystals of rutile TiO2 provide complete sets of angular dependence data, and thus allow detailed information about the ground-state models of the electron traps to be extracted in the form of g matrices and hyperfine matrices. In this review, the differences and similarities of the various Ti3+-related trapped electron centers are described.