bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Optimisation of Xylose Production by Enzymatic Hydrolysis using Neural Network and Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Nurhalim Nur Atiqah , Don Mashitah Mat , Ahmad Zainal , Patle Dipesh S. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is used for the optimization of an enzymatic hydrolysis process for the production of xylose from rice straw. The enzymatic hydrolysis process conditions such as temperature, agitation speed and concentration of enzyme were optimized by using PSO to obtain the optimum yield of xylose. Data collected from an experimental design using response surface methodology were necessitated to develop the neural network modeling. The neural network model is used as a model in objective function of PSO to predict the optimum conditions, which involved in the enzymatic hydrolysis process. The optimum value is obtained from the performance of the best particle swarm among the optimum conditions in PSO. The predicted optimum values were validated through the experiment of the enzymatic hydrolysis process. The optimum temperature, agitation speed and xylanase concentration is observed to be 50.3°C, 132 rpm and 1.6474 mg/ml, respectively. The optimal yield of xylose is predicted as 0.1845 mg/ml using PSO.
Iodine-125 Chitosan-Vitamin C Complex: preparation, characterization and application
Authors: Elbarbary Ahmed M. , Shafik H. M. , Ebeid N. H. , Ayoub S. M. , Othman Sameh H. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In heterogeneous conditions, water soluble Chitosan-Vitamin C Complex (CSVC) is successfully synthesized via the ionic
interaction between γ-degraded CS and VC. Chitosan (CS) of low molecular weight (MW) is prepared using
γ-irradiation method. The coupling of CS and vitamin C (VC) is carried out by the chemical treatment of VC with the
γ-degraded CS. The formation of CSVC complex instead of physical mixture is confirmed by FT-IR and UV
spectrometry. Characterization by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) shows the formation
of a nanostructure in 40 nm range. The preparation of labeled CSVC was performed using chloramines-T oxidation
method. The labeling feasibility of CSVC nanostructure by Iodine-125 (125I) is investigated. The optimized
conditions of labeling are thought to be 50 μg of oxidizing agent, pH 3, and one minute reaction time. The
Biodistribution activity of 125I radiolabeled CSVC nanostructure (125I-CSVC) is examined on a group of
different ascites tumor bearing mice. Calculation of the biodistribution percentages shows that the tumor, liver, and kidney
are the targeting organs of 125I-CSVC nanostructure.
Decomposition of Accident Loss and Efficiency of Liability Rules
Authors: Jain Satish K. , Kundu Rajendra P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to show that the set of efficient rules which apportion liability between the victim and the tortfeasor is much larger than is generally believed to be the case. A larger set of efficient rules in general would have the implication of a less sharp conflict between economic efficiency on the one hand and non-efficiency normative criteria on the other. The condition of negligence liability which characterizes efficiency in the context of liability rules has an all-or-none character. Negligence liability requires that if one party is negligent and the other is not then the liability for the entire accident loss must fall on the negligent party. Thus within the framework of standard liability rules efficiency requirements preclude any non-efficiency considerations in situations where one party is negligent and the other is not. In this paper it is shown that accident loss can be decomposed into two parts such that while the apportionment of one part between the parties has bearing on efficiency, the apportionment of the other part has no efficiency implications. The part of accident loss which plays no role in providing appropriate incentives to the parties for taking due care can therefore be apportioned on non-efficiency considerations without in any way compromising the social goal of efficiency. For a systematic analysis of the requirements for efficiency, in this paper a notion more general than that of a liability rule, namely that of a decomposed liability rule, is introduced. A complete characterization of efficient decomposed liability rules is provided in the paper. The most important implication of the theorems of this paper is that by decomposing accident loss into two parts, the scope for non-efficiency considerations can be significantly broadened without sacrificing economic efficiency.
A new perspective on stories in public deliberation: analyzing small stories in discussions about immigration
Authors: Sprain Leah , Hughes Jessica M. F. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We analyze small stories in a focus group on immigration to understand how small stories offer resources for group interaction in zero-history groups. Our analysis reveals two new functions of stories in deliberation: through small stories participants establish interactional identities (notably the role of expert) and reveal social categories relevant to the issue. Attending to how stories are elicited by other participants also reveals how group members use ventriloquism to have their arguments voiced by people representing particular social categories as a result of their small stories. This empirical analysis raises a normative question for public deliberation scholars: If narratives are vital to public deliberation, what happens when some people have relevant stories to tell and others do not? We suggest how small stories research can help deliberative theorists consider this question.
Hydromagnetic Flow and Heat Transfer of a Jeffrey Fluid over an Oscillatory Stretching Surface
Authors: Ali Nasir , Ullah Khan Sami , Abbas Zaheer 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The flow and heat transfer of a Jeffrey fluid over an oscillatory stretching sheet is investigated using the boundary-layer approximations. The flow is induced due to infinite elastic sheet that is stretched periodically. The number of independent variables in the governing equations was reduced by using appropriate dimensionless variables. This dimensionless system has been solved by using the homotopy analysis method (HAM) and a finite difference scheme, in which a coordinate transformation was used to transform the semi-infinite physical space to a bounded computational domain. A comparison of both solutions is provided. The effects of involved parameters are illustrated through graphs and discussed in detail.
Dielectric Relaxation Studies of Ternary Mixture of Dimethyl Phthalate and Heptanol in Benzene Solution in the Microwave Region
Authors: Ahmed Khan A. Mushtaq , Subramanian M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The molecular structure and molecular forces in liquids and solutions, in particular, have been investigated by dielectric relaxation studies. The nature and strength of the molecular interactions have been established as the main cause for the chemical behaviour of compounds. The dielectric behaviour of dimethyl phthalate with heptanol in benzene solution has been studied at a microwave frequency of 9.36 GHz at different temperatures 303, 308, and 313 K. Different dielectric quantities such as dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε″), static dielectric constant (ε
0), and dielectric constant at optical frequency (ε
∞) have been determined. The relaxation time τ has been calculated by both Higasi’s method and Cole–Cole method. The dielectric relaxation process can be treated as a rate process just like the viscous flow process. The complex system investigated shows the maximum relaxation time values at high temperatures by both Higasi’s method and Cole–Cole method. The molar free energies of activation of dipole moment (ΔF
τ) and viscous force (ΔF
η) have also been reported. The excess dipole moment is also determined. The excess dipole moment is a qualitative index for the presence of a hydrogen bond in the ternary system. The value of Δμ obtained in our study indicates the presence of hydrogen bonds between the components of the mixture. The system investigated shows that the relaxation time value increases with the increase in the concentration of solute.
Interaction Behaviours Between Soliton and Cnoidal Periodic Waves for the Cubic Generalised Kadomtsev–Petviashvili Equation
Authors: Ren Bo , Lin Ji 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The consistent tanh expansion (CTE) method is applied to the cubic generalised Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (CGKP) equation. The interaction solutions between one kink soliton and the cnoidal periodic waves are explicitly given. Some special concrete interaction solutions in terms of the Jacobi elliptic functions and the third type of incomplete elliptic integral are discussed both in analytical and graphical ways.
Effect of fluoride on the proteomic profile of the hippocampus in rats
Authors: Pan Ye , Lü Peng , Yin Lijing , Chen Keping , He Yuanqing 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to detect fluoride-induced alterations in the proteome of the rat hippocampus. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=30) were subjected to treatments three weeks after weaning. Animals of the first group were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with aqueous NaF (20 mg/kg/body weight/day), the second group, injected with physiological saline, served as the control. After 30 days, the body weight of the fluoride-treated rats was lower than that of the control, and F– levels in serum were higher than in the control. The hippocampus was subjected to proteomic analysis, and the fluoride-treated group was found to contain 19 up-regulated and eight down-regulated proteins. The proteins, identified by mass-spectroscopic analysis of their fragments obtained after digestion, were found to be involved in amino acid biosynthesis, the insulin signaling pathway and various other crucial functions. Our results also provide useful information on the mechanism of the reduction of the learning ability and memory induced by F.
Evaluación de la actividad insecticida de un producto granulado a base de Bacillus sphaericus sobre larvas de Anopheles albimanus y Culex quinquefasciatus en condiciones experimentales
Authors: Cárdenas Estrella 
Published: June 2015

<p><em>Culex quinquefasciatus </em>causa alergias por las picaduras y ha sido asociado con la encefalitis equina, mientras que <em>Anopheles albimanus </em>es vector de malaria. El objetivo fue evaluar la toxicidad de un producto granulado a base de <em>Bacillus sphaericus </em>sobre larvas de <em>Culex quinquefasciatus </em>y <em>Anopheles albimanus</em>. El estudio fue realizado sobre larvas de <em>C. quinquefasciatus </em>(Sibaté y Villavicencio) y <em>An albimanus </em>(Cartagena y Barranquilla). Las concentraciones ensayadas de <em>B. sphaericus </em>fueron: 20, 40, 60, 80, 100,120, 140, 160, 180, 200 y 500 ppm para larvas de <em>An. albimanus </em>y para larvas de <em>C. quinquefasciatus </em>fueron: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 y 16 ppm. Se utilizaron 20 larvas en tres repeticiones por cada concentración del producto y el tiempo de exposición fue de 48 horas. El producto de <em>B. sphaericus </em>mostró alta mortalidad (entre 80 y 100%) a bajas concentraciones (8 y 12 ppm) para larvas de <em>C. quinquefasciatus</em>; mientras que para larvas de <em>An. albimanus </em>a concentraciones más altas (entre 40 y 200 ppm) la mortalidad no superó el 50%. La CL50 Logit fue 176 ppm y la Probit fue 192 ppm de <em>B. sphaericus </em>para larvas de <em>An. albimanus</em>; mientras que para larvas de <em>C. quinquefasciatus </em>la CL50 Logit fue 1, 9 ppm y la Probit fue 2, 2 ppm. Se concluye que las larvas de <em>C. quinquefasciatus </em>fueron más susceptibles a bajas concentraciones (2 a 12 ppm) de <em>B. sphaericus</em>, mientras que las larvas de <em>An. albimanus </em>mostraron alta toxicidad a concentraciones de 500 ppm.</p>
La nueva ciencia
Authors: González Ramón Gavela 
Published: June 2015

<p class="Default"> </p><p class="Pa13"> Los nuevos desarrollos informáticos, tanto en supercomputación como en informática distribuida, están propiciando una nueva for­ma más globalizada, integrada y pluridisciplinar de hacer ciencia. Las tecnologías de informática distribuida (GRID), que han sur­gido para resolver el monumental problema de tratamiento de datos de los grandes experimentos de física de partículas (LHC del CERN), están propiciando su aplicación en otros campos de la ciencia, en los que se necesita, cada vez más, gestionar grandes cantidades de información y acometer modelizaciones complejas con nuevas arquitecturas. Las redes GRID de los continentes se están organizando para abordar los retos científicos del futuro, en relación con el dominio de los sistemas complejos e interactivos, la salud a través de la biotecnología, el modelo de universo, la nanociencia y las ciencias ambientales en la gestión del cambio climático. Así mismo, se está preparando la conjunción de todas las redes continentales en la red mundial, como lo son los proyectos EELA, EELA2 y GISELA, en Latinoamérica. Este tren de la nueva ciencia no debe perderse, pues de él depende el bienestar del futuro.</p>
Hematophagous biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Tefé municipality, Amazonas state, Brazil
Authors: De Sousa Farias Emanuelle , Marques Pereira Júnior Antonio , Feijó Almeida Jéssica , Arley Costa Pessoa Felipe , Medeiros Jansen Fernandes 
Published: June 2015

Some species of biting midges are vectors of pathogens that cause disease in vertebrates, including humans. The aim of this study was to survey the biting midge fauna in Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil. Culicoides were collected using HP light traps during January, February, and April 2013. Midges collected included one species from the genus Lectoconops that bites humans. A total of 248 Culicoides individuals were collected, representing 19 species from two subgenera (Haematomyidium and Hoffmania) and four informal species groups (carpenteri, leoni, fluvialis, and reticulatus). Twelve individuals of L. brasiliensis were also collected, and this is the first record of L. brasiliensis in Amazonas. Three species of Culicoides were also recorded for the first time in Amazonas, including Culicoides aitkeni, C. glabellus and C. ocumarensis. The most abundant species were C. hylas (81 individuals), and C. foxi (27). The Culicoides fauna in Tefé is diverse, and proven vectors such as C. paraensis and C. insignis were found.
Lophophytum weddellii Hook. f. (Balanophoraceae): first records for the Brazilian flora
Authors: Cardoso Leandro Jorge Telles , Mauad Luana Paula , Braga João Marcelo Alvarenga 
Published: June 2015

Lophophytum weddellii was known to only occur in unflooded forests between 500–1,000 m in Colombia and Peru. These new records for the Brazilian flora expand the geographic distribution of the species, and also show that it occurs near seasonally flooded forests at lower elevations (<500 m). This work presents taxonomic remarks, photographs of living and herbarium specimens of L. weddellii, as well as a geographic distribution map and risk assessment at the regional scale.
Effect of Lonicera maackii on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Southwestern Ohio Forests
Authors: Kolbe Sarah E. , Townsend-Small Amy , Miller Arnold I. , Culley Theresa M. , Cameron Guy N. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroduced plants threaten biodiversity and ecosystem processes, including carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles, but little is known about the threshold at which such effects occur. We examined the impact of the invasive shrub Amur honeysuckle on soil organic carbon (SOC) and N density at study sites that varied in invasion history. In plots with and without honeysuckle, we measured honeysuckle abundance and size (basal area) and extracted soil cores. SOC and N densities were highest at the site with the longest invasion history and highest invasion intensity (i.e., greatest abundance and basal area of honeysuckle). Basal area of honeysuckle positively affected SOC and N densities likely because of increased litter decomposition and altered microbial communities. Because honeysuckle increases forest net primary productivity (NPP) and SOC, it also may play a role in C sequestration. Our results demonstrate the need to consider the influence of invasion history and intensity when evaluating the potential impact of invasive species.
A New Concept of Wellbore-Boundary Condition for Modeling Liquid Loading in Gas Wells
Authors: Limpasurat A.. , Valkó P.P.. P. , Falcone G.. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
A new formulation of the wellbore-boundary condition in multiphase-reservoir simulation is suggested, allowing automatic determination of the direction of the flow at any time. It is particularly useful in coupled transient modeling of the liquid-loading phenomenon in gas wells. The traditional inflow-performance relationship (IPR) uses a common-wellblock productivity index (PI), but determines the inflow/outflow of the individual phases through a wellbore connection in an otherwise detached manner. The new approach takes into account that all phases should flow in the same direction and should have a common zero-flow condition. The restriction leads to the definition of a new state variable: the multiphase zero-flow pressure (MPZFP or P0). According to the new formulation, the flow direction at the connection is determined by the sign of the difference between this gridblock variable and the wellbore-flowing pressure. Advantages of the new formulation include that the flow is always cocurrent through a single connection (but multiple connections can lead to crossflow); that the meaning of wellblock PI is preserved; that the phase composition of the connection stream is determined by the upstream condition; that when wellbore pressure is far from the MPZFP, the traditional (detached) IPRs are recovered; and, last but not least, that previous numerical-convergence problems are completely eliminated during coupled dynamic simulation of the wellbore/reservoir system in the presence of significant capillary pressure. Examples illustrate the application of the new wellbore boundary condition in coupled modeling of the complex phenomena usually referred to as liquid loading.
Development of a Novel Method To Evaluate Well Integrity During CO2 Underground Storage
Authors: Bai Mingxing , Song Kaoping , Li Yang , Sun Jianpeng , Reinicke Kurt M. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
A safe and ecologic underground storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) requires long-term integrity of the wells affected by the injected CO2, including both active wells and abandoned wells. In line with other investigators, technical integrity is assumed if there is no significant leak in the subsurface system from the storage reservoir. The evaluation of integrity of abandoned wells over a long time frame during CO2 underground storage can only be performed indirectly and requires a comprehensive understanding of relevant thermal/hydraulic/mechanical/chemical processes affecting well integrity. This paper presents an integrated approach coupling qualitative features, events, and processes (FEPs) and scenario analysis with quantitative-model development and consequence analysis. The qualitative analysis provides a solid and comprehensive study on all the FEPs that affect well integrity. The mechanical model presents the stress distribution of the casing/cement/rock composite system and provides a quantification of the defect dimension caused by different load conditions. The defect dimension can be used to compute equivalent permeability of the cement sheath by use of empirical correlations, which is an important input parameter for the following CO2-leakage simulation, provided it is considered that CO2 can only migrate through the defects instead of the cement matrix. When integrity is compromised, the storage reservoir will leak CO2. For this leakage, a numerical model is presented to simulate the flow of CO2 along abandoned wellbores during the storage period, such as 1,000 years. It is found from the FEP analysis that the most-critical system components are caprock, casing/cement/rock composite system, and abandonment elements. By building a geomechanical model and a leakage model, it is also found that in the simulated scenarios the CO2-leakage rate is very small except for when using cement sheaths of very poor quality, which can lead to a leakage rate exceeding the maximum-allowable value. The sensitivity analysis shows that the vertical permeability of the cement sheath plays the most critical role. In comparison with previous studies, this method is comprehensive and easy to implement.
Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Psoriatic Arthritis in Japan
Authors: Ohara Yuri , Kishimoto Mitsumasa , Takizawa Naoho , Yoshida Kazuki , Okada Masato , Eto Hikaru , Deshpande Gautam A. , Ritchlin Christopher T. , Tanaka Atsushi , Higashiyama Mari , Matsui Kazuo , Tsuji Shigeyoshi 
Published: June 2015

Objective.To investigate the prevalence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in Japanese patients with psoriasis.Methods.A multicenter, noninterventional, retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at 3 tertiary care centers in Japan. PsA was diagnosed by rheumatologists based on clinical findings. Prevalence of PsA, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and treatment patterns were examined.Results.PsA was identified in 431 of 3021 patients with psoriasis, with a mean prevalence of 14.3% (range, 8.8–20.4%). No large differences between these results and previous reports from Western countries were observed in arthritis distribution, skin disease type, or treatment selection.Conclusion.The prevalence of PsA in patients with psoriasis in Japan approaches 20% in some areas, similar to that observed in Western countries, and is higher than previously reported in Asia. Clinical features including age, sex, age at onset, and manifestation patterns were also similar to those reported in the West.