bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol‐enhanced autophagic flux ameliorates myocardial oxidative stress injury in diabetic mice
Authors: Wang Bo , Yang Qing , Sun Yuan‐yuan , Xing Yi‐fan , Wang Ying‐bin , Lu Xiao‐ting , Bai Wen‐wu , Liu Xiao‐qiong , Zhao Yu‐xia 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAutophagic dysfunction is observed in diabetes mellitus. Resveratrol has a beneficial effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy. Whether the resveratrol‐induced improvement in cardiac function in diabetes is via regulating autophagy remains unclear. We investigated the mechanisms underlying resveratrol‐mediated protection against heart failure in diabetic mice, with a focus on the role of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in regulating autophagic flux. Diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice was induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Long‐term resveratrol treatment improved cardiac function, ameliorated oxidative injury and reduced apoptosis in the diabetic mouse heart. Western blot analysis revealed that resveratrol decreased p62 protein expression and promoted SIRT1 activity and Rab7 expression. Inhibiting autophagic flux with bafilomycin A1 increased diabetic mouse mortality and attenuated resveratrol‐induced down‐regulation of p62, but not SIRT1 activity or Rab7 expression in diabetic mouse hearts. In cultured H9C2 cells, redundant or overactive H2O2 increased p62 and cleaved caspase 3 expression as well as acetylated forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and inhibited SIRT1 expression. Sirtinol, SIRT1 and Rab7 siRNA impaired the resveratrol amelioration of dysfunctional autophagic flux and reduced apoptosis under oxidative conditions. Furthermore, resveratrol enhanced FOXO1 DNA binding at the Rab7 promoter region through a SIRT1‐dependent pathway. These results highlight the role of the SIRT1/FOXO1/Rab7 axis in the effect of resveratrol on autophagic flux in vivo and in vitro, which suggests a therapeutic strategy for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Assessment of Plasmodium falciparum PfMDR1 transport rates using Fluo‐4
Authors: Friedrich O. , Reiling S.J. , Wunderlich J. , Rohrbach P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMutations in the multidrug resistance transporter of Plasmodium falciparum PfMDR1 have been implicated to play a significant role in the emergence of worldwide drug resistance, yet the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of this transporter are not well understood. Although it is generally accepted that drug resistance in P. falciparum is partly associated with PfMDR1 transport activity situated in the membrane of the digestive vacuole, direct estimates of the pump rate of this transport process in the natural environment of the intact host–parasite system have never been analysed. The fluorochrome Fluo‐4 is a well‐documented surrogate substrate of PfMDR1 and has been found to accumulate by actively being transported into the digestive vacuole of several parasitic strains. In the present study, we designed an approach to use Fluo‐4 fluorescence uptake as a measure of compartmental Fluo‐4 concentration accumulation in the different compartments of the host–parasite system. We performed a ‘reverse Fluo‐4 imaging' approach to relate fluorescence intensity to changes in dye concentration rather than Ca2+ fluctuations and were able to calculate the overall rate of transport for PfMDR1 in Dd2 parasites. With this assay, we provide a powerful method to selectively measure the effect of PfMDR1 mutations on substrate transport kinetics. This will be of high significance for future compound screening to test for new drugs in resistant P. falciparum strains.
The role of immigration and local adaptation on fine‐scale genotypic and phenotypic population divergence in a less mobile passerine
Authors: García‐Navas V. , Ferrer E. S. , Sanz J. J. , Ortego J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDispersal and local patterns of adaptation play a major role on the ecological and evolutionary trajectory of natural populations. In this study, we employ a combination of genetic (25 microsatellite markers) and field‐based information (seven study years) to analyse the impact of immigration and local patterns of adaptation in two nearby (< 7 km) blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) populations. We used genetic assignment analyses to identify immigrant individuals and found that dispersal rate is female‐biased (72%). Data on lifetime reproductive success indicated that immigrant females produced fewer local recruits than their philopatric counterparts whereas immigrant males recruited more offspring than those that remained in their natal location. In spite of the considerably higher immigration rates of females, our results indicate that, in absolute terms, their demographic and genetic impact in the receiving populations is lower than that in immigrant males. Immigrants often brought novel alleles into the studied populations and a high proportion of them were transmitted to their recruits, indicating that the genetic impact of immigrants is not ephemeral. Although only a few kilometres apart, the two study populations were genetically differentiated and showed strong divergence in different phenotypic and life‐history traits. An almost absent inter‐population dispersal, together with the fact that both populations receive immigrants from different source populations, is probably the main cause of the observed pattern of genetic differentiation. However, phenotypic differentiation (PST) for all the studied traits greatly exceeded neutral genetic differentiation (FST), indicating that divergent natural selection is the prevailing factor determining the evolutionary trajectory of these populations. Our study highlights the importance of integrating individual‐ and population‐based approaches to obtain a comprehensive view about the role of dispersal and natural selection on structuring the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of natural populations.
An Oral Health Study of Centenarians and Children of Centenarians
Authors: Kaufman Laura B. , Setiono Tiffany K. , Doros Gheorghe , Andersen Stacy , Silliman Rebecca A. , Friedman Paula K. , Perls Thomas T. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesTo determine whether oral health is better in centenarians than in a published birth cohort–matched sample and to compare oral health in centenarian offspring with a case‐controlled reference sample.DesignObservational cross‐sectional study.SettingNew England Centenarian Study (NECS).ParticipantsSeventy‐three centenarians, 467 offspring, and 251 offspring generation‐reference cohort subjects from the NECS.MeasurementsA self‐report questionnaire was administered to measure oral health in all three groups, with edentulous rate as the primary outcome measure. The NECS made information on sociodemographic characteristics and medical history available. Centenarian results were compared with published birth cohort–matched results. Data from offspring and reference cohorts were analyzed to determine differences in oral health and associations between oral health measures and specific medical conditions.ResultsThe edentulous rate of centenarians (36.5%) was lower than that of their birth cohort (46%) when they were aged 65 to 74 in 1971 to 1974 (according to National Center of Health Statistics). Adjusting for confounding factors, the reference cohort was more likely to be edentulous (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.78, 95% confidence interval CI = 1.17–6.56), less likely to have all or more than half of their own teeth (AOR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.3–0.76), and less likely to report excellent or very good oral health (AOR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.45–0.94) than the centenarian offspring.ConclusionCentenarians and their offspring have better oral health than their respective birth cohorts. Oral health may prove to be a helpful marker for systemic health and healthy aging.
Antidepressant Adherence and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease Hospitalizations in Older and Younger Adults with Depression
Authors: Cooper Denise C. , Trivedi Ranak B. , Nelson Karin M. , Reiber Gayle E. , Eugenio Evercita C. , Beaver Kristine A. , Fan Vincent S. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesTo assess whether the relationship between antidepressant adherence and coronary artery disease (CAD) hospitalizations varied between older and younger adults with depression.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingDepartment of Veterans Affairs outpatient clinics nationwide.ParticipantsChronically depressed individuals (n = 50,261; aged 20–97) who had been prescribed an antidepressant were identified from records indicating an outpatient clinic visit for depression (index depression visit) during fiscal years 2009 and 2010. Individuals were considered chronically depressed if they had had prior depression visits and treatment for depression within the previous 4 months. The sample was age‐stratified into younger (<65) and older (≥65) groups.MeasurementsAfter the index depression visit, medication possession ratios were calculated from pharmacy refill data to determine whether participants had 80% or greater adherence to antidepressant refills during a 6‐month treatment observation period. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes were used to derive CAD‐related hospitalizations during the follow‐up period. Mean follow‐up was 24 months. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsOlder participants with 80% or greater antidepressant adherence had 26% lower risk of CAD hospitalizations (hazard ratio = 0.74, 95% confidence interval = 0.60–0.93). Antidepressant adherence was not significantly related to CAD hospitalizations in younger adults.ConclusionOlder adults with chronic depression with 80% or greater antidepressant adherence had significantly lower risk of CAD hospitalizations at follow‐up than those with less than 80% adherence. These preliminary results suggest that older adults with depression may derive cardiovascular benefits from clinical efforts to increase antidepressant adherence.
Cost–Utility Analysis of a Pharmacotherapy Follow‐Up for Elderly Nursing Home Residents in Spain
Authors: Jódar‐Sánchez Francisco , Martín José J. , López del Amo M. Puerto , García Leticia , Araújo‐Santos José M. , Epstein David 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesTo compare the cost‐effectiveness of a pharmacotherapy follow‐up for elderly nursing home (NH) residents with that of usual care.DesignProspective observational study with a concurrent control group conducted over 12 months.SettingFifteenNHs in Andalusia assigned to control (n = 6) or intervention (n = 9).ParticipantsResidents aged 65 and older.InterventionPharmacotherapy follow‐up.MeasurementsNegative outcomes associated with medication, health‐related quality of life, cost, quality‐adjusted life‐year (QALY), and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER). ICERs were estimated for three scenarios: unadjusted cost perQALY(first scenario), costs adjusted for baseline prescribed medication andQALYs adjusted for baseline utility score (second scenario), and costs andQALYs adjusted for a fuller set of baseline characteristics (third scenario).ResultsThree hundred thirty‐two elderly residents were enrolled: 122 in the control group and 210 in the intervention group. The general practitioner accepted 88.7% (274/309) of pharmacist recommendations. Pharmacist interventions reduced the average number of prescribed medication by 0.47 drugs (P < .001), whereas the average prescribed medication increased by 0.94 drugs in the control group (P < .001). Both groups reported a lower average EuroQol‐5D utility score after 12 months (intervention, −0.0576,P = .002; control, −0.0999,P = .003). For the first scenario, usual care dominated pharmacotherapy follow‐up (was less effective and more expensive). AdjustedICERs were €3,899/QALY($5,002/QALY) for the second scenario and €6,574/QALY($8,433/QALY) for the third scenario. For a willingness to pay of €30,000/QALY($38,487/QALY), the probabilities of the pharmacotherapy follow‐up being cost‐effective were 35% for the first scenario, 78% for the second, and 76% for the third.ConclusionPharmacotherapy follow‐up is considered cost‐effective for elderlyNHresidents in Spain.
Nurses' views of forensic care in emergency departments and their attitudes, and involvement of family members
Authors: Rahmqvist Linnarsson Josefin , Benzein Eva , Årestedt Kristofer 
Published: June 2014

Aims and objectivesTo describe Nurses' views of forensic care provided for victims of violence and their families in EDs, to identify factors associated with Nurses' attitudes towards families in care and to investigate if these attitudes were associated with the involvement of patients' families in care.BackgroundInterpersonal violence has serious health consequences for individuals and family members. Emergency departments provide care for victims of violence, and nurses play a key role in forensic care. However, there is limited knowledge of their views and their involvement of family members.DesignA cross‐sectional design was used with a sample of all registered nurses (n = 867) in 28 emergency departments in Sweden.MethodsA self‐report questionnaire, including the instrument Families' Importance in Nursing Care – Nurses' Attitudes, was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression and ordinal regression were used to analyse data.ResultsFour hundred and fifty‐seven nurses completed the questionnaire (53%). Most nurses provided forensic care, but few had specific education for this task. Policy documents and routines existed for specific patient groups. Most nurses involved family members in care although education and policy documents rarely included them. Being a woman, policy documents and own experience of a critically ill family member were associated with a positive attitude towards family. A positive attitude towards family members was associated with involving patients' families in care.ConclusionMany emergency department nurses provided forensic care without having specific education, and policy documents only concerned women and children. Nurses' positive attitude to family members was not reflected in policies or education.Relevance to clinical practiceThese results can inspire clinical forensic care interventions in emergency departments. Educational efforts for nurses and policies for all groups of victims of violence are needed. Emergency departments may need to rethink how family members are included in their organisation.
Venous air embolism detected on computed tomography of small animals
Authors: Heng H. G. , Ruth J. D. , Lee K. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence, location and clinical significance of abnormal gas accumulations in dogs and cats detected on computerised tomography images.MethodsRetrospective evaluation of all canine and feline computed tomography examinations (292 pre‐contrast and 219 post‐contrast) performed in a 12‐month time period. All studies were evaluated for the presence of venous air emboli. The location of intravenous gas was noted and the volume of intravenous air emboli was estimated visually. The medical records of animals with venous air embolism were reviewed for signs of cardiopulmonary complications.ResultsThe overall prevalence of air embolism on pre‐ and incidence on post‐contrast images was 4 · 5 and 2 · 3%, respectively. The prevalence of air embolism on pre‐contrast and incidence on post‐contrast thoracic images was 35 · 7 and 14 · 2%, respectively. The volume of venous air was generally small and the most common was in an axillary vein. None of the animals had any cardiopulmonary complications.Clinical SignificanceThe presence of small volume venous air embolism on routine computed tomography examinations is a frequent incidental finding that does not appear to cause cardiopulmonary complications.
Noble gases in individual chondrules of the Allende CV3 chondrite
Authors: Miura Yayoi N. , Nagao Keisuke , Kimura Makoto 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe analyzed noble gases in nine individual chondrules, an assemblage of small chondrules, and four whole‐rock samples of the Allende CV3 chondrite. Major elements were also determined for five chondrules. The cosmic ray exposure ages are calculated from cosmogenic 3He to be 5.17 ± 0.38 and 5.15 ± 0.25 Myr for the averages of the chondrules and whole rocks, respectively, showing no significant pre‐exposure evidence for the studied chondrules. Large amounts of 36Ar, 80,82Kr, and 128Xe produced by neutron capture are observed in most samples; the abundances of these nuclides are correlated among the samples. The epithermal neutron flux and neutron slowing down density are calculated based on [80Kr]n, from which a sample depth of about 30 cm can be calculated. The measured chondrules contain variable amounts of radiogenic 129Xe. The abundance ratios of radiogenic 129Xe to neutron capture–produced 128Xe are rather constant among the studied chondrules; four chondrules give more precise ratios at the high‐temperature fractions, ranging from 1920 ± 80 to 2280 ± 140, which corresponds to a time difference of 3.9 ± 2.4 Myr. It is noticeable that most chondrules also contain 244Pu‐derived fission Xe. The average 244Pu/238U ratio for nine chondrules is 0.0069 ± 0.0018, which agrees well with the preferred ratio reported for chondrites.
Shock and annealing in the amphibole‐ and mica‐bearing R chondrites
Authors: Rubin Alan E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMIL 11207 (R6) and LAP 04840 (R6) contain hornblende and phlogopite; MIL 07440 (R6) contains accessory titan‐phlogopite and no hornblende. All three meteorites have been shocked: MIL 11207 contains extensive sulfide veins, pyroxene that formed from dehydrated hornblende, and an extensive network of plagioclase glass; MIL 07440 contains chromite‐plagioclase assemblages, chromite veinlets and blebs, pincer‐shaped plagioclase patches, but no sulfide veins; LAP 04840 contains olivine grains with chromite‐bleb‐laden cores and opaque‐free rims, rare grains of pyroxene that formed from dehydrated hornblende, and no sulfide veins. These meteorites appear to have been heated to maximum temperatures of approximately 700–900 °C under conditions of moderately high PH2O (perhaps 250–500 bars). All three samples underwent postshock annealing. During this process, olivine crystal lattices healed (giving the rocks the appearance of shock‐stage S1), and diffusion of Fe and S from thin sulfide veins to coarse sulfide grains caused the veins to disappear in MIL 07440 and LAP 04840. This latter process apparently also occurred in most S1–S2 ordinary chondrites of high petrologic type. The pressure–temperature conditions responsible for forming the amphibole and mica in these rocks may have been present at depths of a few tens of kilometers (as suggested in the literature). A giant impact or a series of smaller impacts would then have been required to excavate the hornblende‐ and biotite‐bearing rocks and bring them closer to the surface. It was in that latter location where the samples were shocked, deposited in a hot ejecta blanket of low thermal diffusivity, and annealed.
Multiple recognition of RXLR effectors is associated with nonhost resistance of pepper against Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Ah , Kim Shin‐Young , Oh Sang‐Keun , Yeom Seon‐In , Kim Saet‐Byul , Kim Myung‐Shin , Kamoun Sophien , Choi Doil 
Published: June 2014

Summary

Nonhost resistance (NHR) is a plant immune response to resist most pathogens. The molecular basis of NHR is poorly understood, but recognition of pathogen effectors by immune receptors, a response known as effector‐triggered immunity, has been proposed as a component of NHR.

We performed transient expression of 54 Phytophthora infestansRXLR effectors in pepper (Capsicum annuum) accessions. We used optimized heterologous expression methods and analyzed the inheritance of effector‐induced cell death in an F2 population derived from a cross between two pepper accessions.

Pepper showed a localized cell death response upon inoculation with P. infestans, suggesting that recognition of effectors may contribute to NHR in this system. Pepper accessions recognized as many as 36 effectors. Among the effectors, PexRD8 and Avrblb2 induced cell death in a broad range of pepper accessions. Segregation of effector‐induced cell death in an F2 population derived from a cross between two pepper accessions fit 15 : 1, 9 : 7 or 3 : 1 ratios, depending on the effector.

Our genetic data suggest that a single or two independent/complementary dominant genes are involved in the recognition of RXLR effectors. Multiple loci recognizing a series of effectors may underpin NHR of pepper to P. infestans and confer resistance durability.
Molecular evidence for ancient relicts of arctic‐alpine plants in East Asia
Authors: Ikeda Hajime , Yakubov Valentin , Barkalov Vyacheslav , Setoguchi Hiroaki 
Published: June 2014

Summary

Following climate cooling at the end of the Tertiary, arctic‐alpine plants attained most of their extant species diversity. Because East Asia was not heavily glaciated, the importance of this region as a location for the long‐term persistence of these species and their subsequent endemism during the Pleistocene was proposed in early discussions of phytogeography. However, this hypothesis remains to be fully tested.

Here, we address this hypothesis by elucidating the phylogenetic history of Phyllodoce (Ericaceae).

A phylogenetic tree based on multiple nuclear loci revealed that Phyllodoce nipponica was not derived from widespread species such as the arctic‐alpine Phyllodoce caerulea, but rather represented an independent lineage sister to the clade of widespread relatives. Molecular dating indicated a mid‐Pleistocene divergence of P. nipponica.

These findings exclude the hypothesis that P. nipponica was derived from an arctic‐alpine species that extended its range southwards during recent glacial periods. Instead, our results support the hypothesis that P. nipponica is an ancestral species which persisted in the Japanese archipelago during the mid‐ and late Pleistocene. Our findings demonstrate support for the early proposal and shed light on the importance of the Japanese archipelago for the evolution and persistence of arctic‐alpine species.
Root exudation of phytosiderophores from soil‐grown wheat
Authors: Oburger Eva , Gruber Barbara , Schindlegger Yvonne , Schenkeveld Walter D. C. , Hann Stephan , Kraemer Stephan M. , Wenzel Walter W. , Puschenreiter Markus 
Published: June 2014

Summary

For the first time, phytosiderophore (PS) release of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv Tamaro) grown on a calcareous soil was repeatedly and nondestructively sampled using rhizoboxes combined with a recently developed root exudate collecting tool. As in nutrient solution culture, we observed a distinct diurnal release rhythm; however, the measured PS efflux was c. 50 times lower than PS exudation from the same cultivar grown in zero iron (Fe)‐hydroponic culture.

Phytosiderophore rhizosphere soil solution concentrations and PS release of the Tamaro cultivar were soil‐dependent, suggesting complex interactions of soil characteristics (salinity, trace metal availability) and the physiological status of the plant and the related regulation (amount and timing) of PS release.

Our results demonstrate that carbon and energy investment into Fe acquisition under natural growth conditions is significantly smaller than previously derived from zero Fe‐hydroponic studies. Based on experimental data, we calculated that during the investigated period (21–47 d after germination), PS release initially exceeded Fe plant uptake 10‐fold, but significantly declined after c. 5 wk after germination.

Phytosiderophore exudation observed under natural growth conditions is a prerequisite for a more accurate and realistic assessment of Fe mobilization processes in the rhizosphere using both experimental and modeling approaches.