bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of episcleral cyclosporine implants in dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca: pilot study
Authors: Barachetti Laura , Rampazzo Antonella , Mortellaro Carlo M. , Scevola Stefania , Gilger Brian C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPurposeTo describe the use, tolerability, and efficacy of episcleral silicone matrix cyclosporine (ESMC) implants in dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS).MethodsRetrospective study.ESMCimplants (1.9 cm length, 30% wt/wtCsAin silicone; with approximately 12 mg ofCsAloaded into them) were used in dogs withKCSresponsive to topicalCsA(good candidate,GC) or not responsive (poor candidate,PC). Ocular surface inflammation scores, Schirmer tear test (STT) values, and ocular discharge quantity were evaluated and compared.ResultsTwenty‐seven eyes (15 dogs) received anESMCimplant forKCS; 15 eyes were consideredGC, and 12 were consideredPC. BothGCeyes andPCeyes showed a significant increase inSTTvalues (increase of 7.7 and 8.5 mm/min;P = 0.023 andP = 0.003, respectively) after placement ofESMCimplants (mean follow‐up 18 ± 2 and 10.4 ± 15 months, respectively). Clinical signs improved significantly in both groups during the same follow‐up, with reduction in conjunctival hyperemia (P < 0.001), corneal neovascularization (P = 0.004), corneal opacity (P = 0.003), and ocular discharge (P = 0.002).ESMCimplants were well tolerated by all dogs, but two eyes lost the device at 12‐months and 1‐week follow‐up, respectively.ConclusionsResults from this study suggest that theEMSCimplants were well tolerated and efficacious in dogs withKCSresponsive to topicalCsAas well as dogs with poor response to topical therapy. Further study is needed to determine the duration of efficacy and optimal dose ofCsA.
Routine versus ad hoc screening for acute stress following injury: who would benefit and what are the opportunities for prevention
Authors: Bell Nathaniel , Sobolev Boris , Anderson Stephen , Hewko Robert , Simons Richard K 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundScreening for acute stress is not part of routine trauma care owing in part to high variability of acute stress symptoms in identifying later onset of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The objective of this pilot study was to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and power to predict onset of PTSD symptoms at 1 and 4 months using a routine screening program in comparison to current ad hoc referral practice.MethodsProspective cross-sectional observational study of a sample of hospitalized trauma patients over a four-month period from a level-I hospital in Canada. Baseline assessments of acute stress (ASD) and subsyndromal ASD (SASD) were measured using the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ). In-hospital psychiatric consultations were identified from patient discharge summaries. PTSD symptoms were measured using the PTSD Checklist-Specific (PCL-S). Post-discharge health status and health services utilization surveys were also collected.ResultsRoutine screening using the ASD (0.43) and SASD (0.64) diagnoses were more sensitive to PTSD symptoms at one month in comparison to ad hoc referral (0.14) and also at four months (0.17, 0.33 versus 0.17). Ad hoc referral had greater positive predictive power in identifying PTSD caseness at 1 month (0.50) in comparison to the ASD (0.46) and SASD (0.43) diagnoses and also at 4 months (0.67 versus 0.25 and 0.29).ConclusionsAd hoc psychiatric referral process for acute stress is a more conservative approach than employing routine screening for identifying persons who are at risk of psychological morbidity following injury. Despite known limitations of available measures, routine patient screening would increase identification of trauma survivors at risk of mental health sequelae and better position trauma centers to respond to the circumstances that affect mental health during recovery.
Psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Cognitive Triad Inventory (CTI). A preliminary study.
Authors: Śliwerski Andrzej 
Published: May 2014

Aim of the studyThe aim of this study was to translate and evaluate the Polish version of the Cognitive Triad Inventory (CTI), an instrument developed to measure the cognitive triad conceptualized by Beck as an important variable in depression.Subject or material and methodsA sample of N=86 adults included depressed, non-depressed and prisoners completed a survey test battery comprised of CTI, CES-D, and STAI.ResultsThis study provided evidence for the reliability and validity of the Polish CTI. Exploratory factor analysis showed the one-factor model to best fit the data, as in the American version.DiscussionThe division into self, world, and future is an unwieldy taxonomy with highly overlapping categories. Because the three-factor model did not fit the data very well it is suggested that it would be reasonable to label that one CTI factor “Self-Relevant Negative Attitude.”ConclusionsThis study examined the psychometric properties and factor structure of the CTI on both clinical and nonclinical samples, and confirms that CTI may be used to measure the cognitive triad. Evaluation of suicidal ideation was also discussed.
Una propuesta para el mejoramiento cognitivo en el adulto mayor: Una alternativa al entrenamiento cerebral
Authors: Mogollón González Eddy De Jesús 
Published: May 2014

Recibido 19 de setiembre de 2013 • Corregido 25 de enero de 2014 • Aceptado 2 de abril de 2014El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo proponer una alternativa del mejoramiento cognitivo en el adulto mayor; de acuerdo con los aportes y evidencias presentadas por expertos en el área. Se analizan las posturas científicas a favor y en contra, en cuanto al uso del entrenamiento cerebral. Se argumenta sobre la viabilidad de esta propuesta según las evidencias empíricas presentadas por teóricos e investigadores en el campo de las neurociencias, apoyados en las modernas tecnologías de mapeo cerebral (brain scanning). Se concluye que a pesar de la vulnerabilidad natural del adulto en ocasión de su envejecimiento, esta propuesta hace factible su mejoramiento cognitivo, como una alternativa al entrenamiento cerebral.
Aportaciones de lectores académicos a la formación para la investigación educativa
Authors: Jiménez Mora José Margarito , Moreno Bayardo María Guadalupe , Torres Frías José De la Cruz 
Published: May 2014

Recibido 3 de setiembre de 2013 • Corregido 30 de enero de 2014 • Aceptado 2 de abril de 2014
Este trabajo presenta una reflexión basada en elementos empíricos, derivados de la obra de Moreno, Torres y Jiménez (2014), titulada El discurso de los lectores académicos como mediación para formar investigadores en el posgrado, en la cual se reporta una investigación cuyo objeto de estudio es el contenido y orientación de los mensajes recibidos por estudiantes de doctorado en educación, de parte de formadores que realizaron lecturas críticas de sus avances de tesis doctoral. Se eligió este nivel educativo porque en México prácticamente todos los programas doctorales se encuentran orientados a la investigación. Por ende, se concibe que en el doctorado los estudiantes se forman para ser capaces de realizar investigación en un campo específico de conocimiento. Los datos, provenientes de 101 reportes escritos realizados por 9 lectores académicos a los trabajos de 60 estudiantes de dos programas de doctorado en educación en México, permiten dar cuenta de aspectos importantes que pueden aprender los estudiantes respecto a la forma de realizar investigación educativa y de reportarla en un texto escrito. En este trabajo tales aspectos se exponen en tres ejes de contenido, recuperando partes del discurso de los lectores.
Relación entre la dimensión afectiva y el aprendizaje de las matemáticas
Authors: Gamboa Araya Ronny 
Published: May 2014

Recibido11 de setiembre de 2013 • Corregido 21 de marzo de 2014 • Aceptado 2 de abril de 2014
Las matemáticas se han convertido, para un número importante de estudiantes, en un obstáculo para el logro de sus objetivos escolares, de manera que ha trascendido la parte académica y se ha establecido como un impedimento cognitivo y emocional. Lo que el estudiantado siente, percibe, cree y su actuación influye directamente en esto. Aunado a lo anterior, lo que el sujeto docente siente, percibe, sus expectativas, creencias y actitudes respecto a la disciplina, también juegan un importante papel en el tipo de enseñanza que realiza y la dimensión afectiva de sus estudiantes. El presente artículo tiene como propósito abordar, basado en aspectos teóricos de varios autores, algunos elementos de la dimensión afectiva y, a partir de ellos, mostrar elementos concernientes tanto a docentes como a estudiantes y su relación con la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la matemática. Se obtuvo que el papel de la dimensión afectiva en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas debe ser un elemento abordado por la educación matemática como un medio para comprender este proceso desde la perspectiva de los actores relacionados con él, estudiantes y profesorado, así como para lograr un cambio en dicha disciplina a partir del mejoramiento de las creencias y actitudes del alumnado y personal docente hacia esta área del conocimiento.
Synthesis and Characterization of NanoComposite Superhard Materials
Authors: Zhao Yusheng , He Duanwei , Qian Jiang , Zhang Jianzhong 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe have developed a novel method of reactive sintering under high pressure and high temperature conditions and have successfully synthesized bulk and nanostructured BC2N, BC4N, and diamond-SiC composites. The keys to this success are the careful preparation of precursor materials through high energy ball-milling and sensible tuning of the sintering conditions (pressure, temperature, and sintering time), leading to the formation of nano-scale features in the final synthesis products. The indentation measurements indicate that BC2N and BC4N have the Vickers hardness of 62 and 68 GPa, respectively, making them the second hardest materials known, second only to diamond. The high P-T reactive sintering results in a nanostructured diamond-SiC composite of high uniformity, low porosity, minimum residual silicon, and minimal quantities of graphite. It tunes subtle interplays of P-T-t to have fine control of thermodynamics and kinetics in the formation of diamond-SiC nanocomposites with nanocrystalline SiC matrix. The surface defects of micron/nano-diamonds are consumed by amorphous/molten silicon in the formation of nanocrystalline SiC matrix. It in turn greatly reduces the forming/mobility of microcracks thus leads to significant enhancement of fracture toughness (by as much as 50%) of the nano-composites without much compromising of hardness. The present study shows how to design/proceed a well controlled nano-synthesis so as to achieve great improvement in nano-mechanics for advance technological applications.
The Effects of On-Going Seismic Activity on Air Quality in Canterbury, New Zealand
Authors: Somervell E. R. , Aberkane T. 
Published: May 2014

The New Zealand region of Canterbury has experienced over three years of frequent seismic activity, centred under or near the main city of Christchurch. Larger earthquakes and aftershocks have triggered liquefaction in certain parts of the city, depositing significant amounts of fine silt on the surface, which is a new source of dust emissions.
Historically, concerns about air quality in Christchurch have been dominated by emissions from wood burning in winter for domestic heating. High emissions, along with frequent temperature inversions lead to regular exceedances of the national standard for PM10 of 50 μg m-3 for a twenty-four hour average concentration. The health effects of PM10 are widely acknowledged, and regulatory drives to improve ambient air quality are succeeding in recent years.
During 2011, ratios of PM2.5 to PM10 suggested that some periods of elevated concentrations were due to the liquefaction from the earthquakes and that the silt may represent a novel air quality issue to be managed.
In addition, the earthquakes have damaged thousands of residences, causing changes in domestic heating practices as many chimneys are destroyed or currently in need of repair. This will affect emissions in upcoming winters and thus, the health burden may alter if a permanent step change in wood burning emissions is observed. However, the increased dust levels from liquefaction introduce a potentially compounding factor to any estimates of exposure.
Thus, as a result of the earthquakes, air quality in Christchurch is rapidly changing with unknown effects on exposure and ultimately, the health of the Christchurch population.
Some Results on the Domination Number of a Zero-divisor Graph
Authors: Kiani Sima , Reza Maimani Hamid , Nikandish Reza 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the domination, total domination, and semi-total domination numbers of a zero-divisor graph of a commutative Noetherian ring. Also, some relations between the domination numbers of Γ(R/I) and Γ1(R), and the domination numbers of Γ(R) and Γ(R[x, α, δ]), where R[x, α, δ] is the Ore extension of R, are studied.
Complexifying Lie Group Actions on Homogeneous Manifolds of Non-compact Dimension Two
Authors: Ruhallah Ahmadi S. , Gilligan Bruce 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIf X is a connected complex manifold with dX = 2 that admits a (connected) Lie group G acting transitively as a group of holomorphic transformations, then the action extends to an action of the complexification Ĝ of G on X except when either the unit disk in the complex plane or a strictly pseudoconcave homogeneous complex manifold is the base or fiber of some homogeneous fibration of X.
Surveillance of Human Papilloma Virus in the United States to Evaluate Vaccine Impact
Authors: Wilson Andrew , Welch Ryan , She Rosemary 
Published: May 2014

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a vaccine-preventable virus that can cause cervical cancer. Widespread positivity rates in target groups before and since the introduction of the vaccine in 2006 would provide insight into the uptake of the vaccine. Data: Archived patient records were queried and formatted to allow analysis and determination of positivity rates. Results/Conclusions: Positivity rate estimates show a decrease in positivity for younger age groups. From 2004 to 2013, high-risk rates dropped 20% in women 14-24 years. After the vaccine introduction, HPV positivity has declined at a rate consistent with widespread inoculation, especially in younger women.
Use of Severity Indicators in a Public Health Surveillance System
Authors: Lizewski Rhonda A. , Burkom Howard , Lombardo Joseph , Cuellar Christopher , Elbert Yevgeniy , Pavlin Julie 
Published: May 2014

While other surveillance systems may only use death and admissions as severity indicators, these serious events may overshadow the more subtle severity signals based on appointment type, disposition from an outpatient setting, and whether that patient had to return for care if they their condition has not improved. This abstract discusses how these additional data fields were utilized in a fusion model to improve the Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community-based Epidemics (ESSENCE).
Utility of Data Fusion for Public Health Monitors: Lessons Learned from a Beta Test
Authors: Lizewski Rhonda A. , Burkom Howard , Lombardo Joseph , Cuellar Christopher , Elbert Yevgeniy , Ramac-thomas Liane , Pavlin Julie 
Published: May 2014

The on-site beta test of system upgrade to the Early Notification of community-based Epidemics (ESSENCE) allowed user feedback to the development team to aid in the evaluation of an analytic combination of weighted clinical and syndromic evidence, known as fusion, and direct the completion of the upgrade prior to launch. The analytic fusion capability was improved particularly in the area of severity-related indicator data, improving algorithms, and user interfaces.
Panorama internacional e nacional da estratégia do tratamento diretamente supervisionado (DOTS) nas políticas de controle da tuberculose
Authors: Ibanês Aline Santos , Carneiro Junior Nivaldo 
Published: May 2014

A tuberculose é uma doença infecciosa de grande impacto social causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis. O relatório da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) 2010 estima em 14 milhões o número de pessoas com tuberculose no mundo, com concentração crescente nos países com baixo desenvolvimento social. Em 1993, a OMS lançou o Tratamento Diretamente Supervisionado de Curto Prazo (DOTS), considerado a estratégia mais efetiva no controle da tuberculose em grandes proporções. O DOTS foi introduzido no Brasil em 1998, priorizando cidades com altos índices de casos. Estudos afirmam que houve progresso em diagnóstico, tratamento e rastreamento da tuberculose. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a literatura sobre as políticas de controle da tuberculose no mundo e no Brasil, enfatizando a estratégia DOTS. Foram selecionados documentos técnicos da OMS e do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil e artigos científicos nas bases Pubmed e Scielo, estes últimos publicados entre janeiro de 1993 e janeiro de 2010, utilizando-se os descritores: DOTS-plus, treatment, HIV, tuberculosis e DOTS. Foram selecionados 21 artigos científicos de 178 publicações em periódicos e 11 documentos técnicos. Esta literatura enfatiza as políticas de controle da tuberculose no Brasil, no mundo e sua trajetória. Conclui-se que estratégias como o DOTS demandam longo período de adaptação dos profissionais da saúde e dos governos locais, mas já se observa melhora dos indicadores de controle da tuberculose com essas políticas.
Imaging the high‐frequency energy radiation process of a main shock and its early aftershock sequence: The case of the 2008 Iwate‐Miyagi Nairiku earthquake, Japan
Authors: Sawazaki Kaoru , Enescu Bogdan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTo understand the energy release process that operates at the end of the main shock rupture and start of the aftershock activity, we propose an inversion method that uses continuous high‐frequency seismogram envelopes of the main shock and early aftershocks (i.e., events that occur at short times after the main shock). In our approach, the aftershock sequence is regarded as a continuous energy release process, rather than a discrete time series of events. To correct for the contribution of coda wave energy excited by multiple scattering, we use the theoretical envelope synthesized on the basis of the radiative transfer theory as a Green's function. The site amplification factors are corrected considering the conservation of energy flux and using the coda normalization method. The inverted temporal energy release rate for the 2008 MW 6.9 Iwate‐Miyagi Nairiku earthquake, Japan, decays following t−1.1, at the lapse time t of 40–900 s after the main shock origin time. This exponent of the decay rate is similar to the p value of the modified Omori law. The amount of estimated energy release is consistent with that calculated from the magnitude listed in the aftershock catalog. Although the uncertainty is large, the location of large energy release at the lapse times of 40–900 s approximately overlaps to that of the aftershocks, which surrounds the large energy release area during the main shock faulting. The maxima of the energy release rate normalized by the average decay rate distributes following a power law, similar to the Gutenberg‐Richter law.
Nd isotopic structure of the Pacific Ocean 70–30 Ma and numerical evidence for vigorous ocean circulation and ocean heat transport in a greenhouse world
Authors: Thomas Deborah J. , Korty Robert , Huber Matthew , Schubert Jessica A. , Haines Brian 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe oceanic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is a crucial component of the climate system, impacting heat and nutrient transport, and global carbon cycling. Past greenhouse climate intervals present a paradox because their weak equator‐to‐pole temperature gradients imply a weaker MOC, yet increased poleward oceanic heat transport appears to be required to maintain these weak gradients. To investigate the mode of MOC that operated during the early Cenozoic, we compare new Nd isotope data with Nd tracer‐enabled numerical ocean circulation and coupled climate model simulations. Assimilation of new Nd isotope data from South Pacific Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program Sites 323, 463, 596, 865, and 869 with previously published data confirm the hypothesized MOC characterized by vigorous sinking in the South and North Pacific ~70 to 30 Ma. Compilation of all Pacific Nd isotope data indicates vigorous, distinct, and separate overturning circulations in each basin until ~40 Ma. Simulations consistently reproduce South Pacific and North Pacific deep convection over a broad range of conditions, but cases using strong deep ocean vertical mixing produced the best data‐model match. Strong mixing, potentially resulting from enhanced abyssal tidal dissipation, greater interaction of wind‐driven internal wave activity with submarine plateaus, or higher than modern values of the geothermal heat flux enable models to achieve enhanced MOC circulation rates with resulting Nd isotope distributions consistent with the proxy data. The consequent poleward heat transport may resolve the paradox of warmer worlds with reduced temperature gradients.
Range of monthly mean hourly land surface air temperature diurnal cycle over high northern latitudes
Authors: Wang Aihui , Zeng Xubin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDaily maximum and minimum temperatures over global land are fundamental climate variables, and their difference represents the diurnal temperature range (DTR). While the differences between the monthly averaged DTR (MDTR) and the range of monthly averaged hourly temperature diurnal cycle (RMDT) are easy to understand qualitatively, their differences have not been quantified over global land areas. Based on our newly developed in situ data (Climatic Research Unit) reanalysis (Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications) merged hourly temperature data from 1979 to 2009, RMDT in January is found to be much smaller than that in July over high northern latitudes, as it is much more affected by the diurnal radiative forcing than by the horizontal advection of temperature. In contrast, MDTR in January is comparable to that in July over high northern latitudes, but it is much larger than January RMDT, as it primarily reflects the movement of lower frequency synoptic weather systems. The area‐averaged RMDT trends north of 40°N are near zero in November, December, and January, while the trends of MDTR are negative. These results suggest the need to use both the traditional MDTR and RMDT suggested here in future observational and modeling studies. Furthermore, MDTR and its trend are more sensitive to the starting hour of a 24 h day used in the calculations than those for RMDT, and this factor also needs to be considered in model evaluations using observational data.
Zur Brønsted‐Basizität von Diaminoboryl‐Anionen: Reaktivität gegenüber methylierten Benzolverbindungen und Wasserstoff
Authors: Dettenrieder Nicole , Aramaki Yoshitaka , Wolf Benjamin M. , Maichle‐Mössmer Cäcilia , Zhao Xiaoxi , Yamashita Makoto , Nozaki Kyoko , Anwander Reiner 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDie Umsetzung von Toluol oder p‐Xylol mit Diaminoboryllithium induziert Folgereaktionen, die eine Boryl‐Anion‐vermittelte Deprotonierung an der Benzylposition umfassen, gefolgt von einer nukleophilen Substitution am Borzentrum, die Benzylboran‐Spezies und LiH produziert. Diaminoboryllithium spaltet außerdem heterolytisch H2 unter Bildung von Diaminohydroboran und LiH, wohingegen die Reaktion von Lithiumdiaminoboryl(bromo)cuprat mit H2 unter gleichzeitiger Reduktion von CuI erfolgt, wobei Diaminohydroboran, LiH und Cu0 entstehen.