bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic control of interactions among individuals: contrasting outcomes of indirect genetic effects arising from neighbour disease infection and competition in a forest tree
Authors: Silva João Costa e , Potts Brad M. , Bijma Piter , Kerr Richard J. , Pilbeam David J. 
Published: December 2012

Summary

Indirect genetic effects (IGEs) are heritable effects of individuals on trait values of their conspecifics. IGEs may substantially affect response to selection, but empirical studies on IGEs are sparse and their magnitude and correlation with direct genetic effects are largely unknown in plants.

Here we used linear mixed models to estimate genetic (co)variances attributable to direct and indirect effects for growth and foliar disease damage in a large pedigreed population of Eucalyptus globulus.

We found significant IGEs for growth and disease damage, which increased with age for growth. The correlation between direct and indirect genetic effects was highly negative for growth, but highly positive for disease damage, consistent with neighbour competition and infection, respectively. IGEs increased heritable variation by 71% for disease damage, but reduced heritable variation by 85% for growth, leaving nonsignificant heritable variation for later age growth. Thus, IGEs are likely to prevent response to selection in growth, despite a considerable ordinary heritability.

IGEs change our perspective on the genetic architecture and potential response to selection. Depending on the correlation between direct and indirect genetic effects, IGEs may enhance or diminish the response to natural or artificial selection compared with that predicted from ordinary heritability.
The 14‐3‐3 protein GENERAL REGULATORY FACTOR11 (GRF11) acts downstream of nitric oxide to regulate iron acquisition in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Yang Jian Li , Chen Wei Wei , Chen Li Qian , Qin Cheng , Jin Chong Wei , Shi Yuan Zhi , Zheng Shao Jian 
Published: December 2012

Summary

Here we report the function of a general regulatory factor, GENERAL REGULATORY FACTOR11 (GRF11), in terms of the iron (Fe) deficiency response.

Physiological and molecular responses of the loss‐of‐function Arabidopsis thaliana grf11 mutant to Fe supply were investigated. Genes involved in posttranscriptional regulation of FER‐LIKE FE DEFICIENCY‐INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (FIT) were also analyzed. In addition, the molecular link between the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) and Fe deficiency responses was further dissected.

Our results suggest that GRF11 is necessary for induction of Fe‐deficiency‐tolerance mechanisms. The FIT protein can bind to the promoter of GRF11, which contains an E‐box motif. GRF11 also positively affects FIT transcription but has no influence on the genes involved in posttranscriptional regulation of FIT. Furthermore, NO positively regulates GRF11 induction upon the onset of Fe deficiency.

We propose that, upon the onset of Fe deficiency, induction of FIT expression is dependent on GRF11, which acts downstream of NO to mediate Fe deficiency responses.
Tracing fresh assimilates through Larix decidua exposed to elevated CO2 and soil warming at the alpine treeline using compound‐specific stable isotope analysis
Authors: Streit Kathrin , Rinne Katja T. , Hagedorn Frank , Dawes Melissa A. , Saurer Matthias , Hoch Günter , Werner Roland A. , Buchmann Nina , Siegwolf Rolf T. W. 
Published: December 2012

Summary

How will carbon source–sink relations of 35‐yr‐old larch trees (Larix decidua) at the alpine treeline respond to changes in atmospheric CO2 and climate? We evaluated the effects of previously elevated CO2 concentrations (9 yr, 580 ppm, ended the previous season) and ongoing soil warming (4 yr, + 4°C).

Larch branches were pulse labeled (50 at% 13CO2) in July 2010 to trace fresh assimilates through tissues (buds, needles, bark and wood) and non‐structural carbon compounds (NCC; starch, lipids, individual sugars) using compound‐specific isotope analysis.

Nine years of elevated CO2 did not lead to increased NCC concentrations, nor did soil warming increase NCC transfer velocities. By contrast, we found slower transfer velocities and higher NCC concentrations than reported in the literature for lowland larch. As a result of low dilution with older carbon, sucrose and glucose showed the highest maximum 13C labels, whereas labels were lower for starch, lipids and pinitol. Label residence times in needles were shorter for sucrose and starch (c. 2 d) than for glucose (c. 6 d).

Although our treatments showed no persistent effect on larch carbon relations, low temperature at high altitudes clearly induced a limitation of sink activities (growth, respiration, root exudation), expressed in slower carbon transfer and higher NCC concentrations.
Visual performance of two simultaneous vision multifocal contact lenses
Authors: Madrid‐Costa David , García‐Lázaro Santiago , Albarrán‐Diego César , Ferrer‐Blasco Teresa , Montés‐Micó Robert 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate and compare the visual performance of two simultaneous vision multifocal contact lenses (CLs).MethodsIn this cross‐over study design 20 presbyopic subjects were fitted with two different simultaneous vision multifocal CLs (the PureVision Multifocal Low Add and Acuvue Oasys for Presbyopia) in random order. After 1 month, binocular distance visual acuity (BDVA) under photopic (85 cd/m2) and mesopic (3 cd/m2) conditions, binocular near visual acuity (BNVA), binocular distance contrast sensitivity function (CSF) under photopic and mesopic conditions, binocular near CSF and defocus curve were measured. Subjects were then refitted with the alternative correction and the procedure was repeated.ResultsMean BDVA under photopic conditions was similar for the Acuvue Oasys for Presbyopia and PureVision Multifocal Low Add: 0.01 ± 0.08 and 0.00 ± 0.08 logMAR, respectively (P = 0.45). Under mesopic conditions the values of BDVA were 0.20 ± 0.58 and 0.11 ± 0.09 logMAR, respectively (P = 0.005). Mean BNVA was 0.20 ± 0.05 and 0.15 ± 0.08 logMAR for the Acuvue Oasys and PureVision Low Add, respectively (P = 0.06). Binocular distance CSF testing revealed no statistically significant differences between lenses under photopic, mesopic or near conditions. Both lenses provided a comparable intermediate visual acuity.ConclusionsBoth simultaneous vision multifocal CLs provided adequate distance visual quality under photopic and mesopic conditions, and better visual acuity was provided under mesopic conditions for the Purevision lens. Both lenses provided adequate visual performance at intermediate distance, but the near visual acuity appears to be insufficient for early presbyopes who require a moderately demanding near visual quality.
MGRN1‐dependent pigment‐type switching requires its ubiquitination activity but not its interaction with TSG101 or NEDD4
Authors: Gunn Teresa M. , Silvius Derek , Bagher Pooneh , Sun Kaihua , Walker Katherine K. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryMice lacking the E3 ubiquitin ligase mahogunin ring finger‐1 (MGRN1) have a pleiotropic phenotype that includes spongiform neurodegeneration, embryonic patterning defects, and dark fur due to a defect in pigment‐type switching. The only MGRN1 ubiquitination target identified to date is tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101), a component of the endosomal trafficking machinery. Here, we show that MGRN1 also interacts with but does not ubiquitinate NEDD4, a HECT‐domain ubiquitin ligase involved in endosomal trafficking. Using transgenesis in mice, we demonstrate that pigment‐type switching likely requires MGRN1′s ubiquitin ligase activity but not its ability to bind TSG101 or NEDD4. This indicates that MGRN1‐dependent ubiquitination of an as‐yet unidentified target protein is required for agouti‐mediated melanocortin signaling.
Onychomadesis in Two Sisters Induced by Varicella Infection
Authors: Kocak Aslihan Yonca , Koçak Oğuzhan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOnychomadesis is separation of the nail plate from the nail matrix due to arrest of nail growth for a certain period. Here we describe two patients with onychomadesis on the hands after varicella infection. To our knowledge, this is the first case of onychomadesis reported after varicella infection.
A Retrospective Study of Propranolol Therapy in 109 Infants with Infantile Hemangioma
Authors: Gan Li‐qiang , Ni Si‐li , Tan Qi , Wang Hua 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe study reports the observations after propranolol therapy in 109 Chinese patients with infantile hemangioma. Response to treatment was favorable; 19 (17.4%) showed total regression, 89 (81.7%) partial regression, and 1 (0.9%) had no response. Twenty‐three patients (21.1%) had some reactions, possibly due to the medication, but no life‐threatening adverse effects were observed.
Widespread Miliaria Crystallina in a Newborn with Hypernatremic Dehydration
Authors: Engür Defne , Türkmen Münevver Kaynak , Şavk Ekin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMiliaria, which is extravasation of sweat into the epidermis and dermis due to sweat duct obstruction, is a commonly seen dermatologic disorder in newborns. We present a case of extensive, widespread miliaria crystallina that developed in a newborn during treatment of severe hypernatremic dehydration. A possible mechanism could be the destruction of sweat ducts with excretion of sweat with high levels of sodium.
Function of calcium‐dependent protein kinase CPK28 of Arabidopsis thaliana in plant stem elongation and vascular development
Authors: Matschi Susanne , Werner Sören , Schulze Waltraud X. , Legen Julia , Hilger Hartmut H. , Romeis Tina 
Published: December 2012

SummaryAfter a period of vegetative growth, plants undergo a developmental switch to the reproductive phase, inducing the transition to bolting, elongation of the inflorescence and flowering. We have identified calcium‐dependent protein kinase CPK28 from Arabidopsis thaliana as a regulatory component that controls stem elongation and vascular development. In two independent mutant alleles of cpk28, a reduction of stem elongation, accompanied by shorter leaf petioles and enhanced anthocyanin levels, is observed upon the transition to the generative phase. Anatomical analysis revealed an altered vascular pattern characterised by fewer xylem tracheary elements but at the same time increased lignification and secondary growth. Coincident with these morphological changes, cpk28 mutants showed altered expression of NAC transcriptional regulators NST1 and NST3 as well as of GA3ox1, a key regulator of gibberellic acid homeostasis. In vitro protein kinase activity of CPK28 is strictly calcium‐dependent. Furthermore, CPK28 is phosphorylated in vivo at several sites. Site‐specific amino acid substitutions at these phosphorylation sites resulted in reduced in vitro activity. However, when introduced into a cpk28 mutant background, wild‐type and phosphorylation site variants, but not kinase‐inactive variants of CPK28 complemented the morphological and developmental defects. Our data identify CPK28 as a developmentally controlled regulator for coordinated stem elongation and secondary growth.
An upstream regulator of the 26S proteasome modulates organ size in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Nguyen Hung M. , Schippers Jos H. M. , Gõni‐Ramos Oscar , Christoph Mathias P. , Dortay Hakan , van der Hoorn Renier A. L. , Mueller‐Roeber Bernd 
Published: December 2012

SummaryIn both animal and plant kingdoms, body size is a fundamental but still poorly understood attribute of biological systems. Here we report that the Arabidopsis NAC transcription factor ‘Regulator of Proteasomal Gene Expression’ (RPX) controls leaf size by positively modulating proteasome activity. We further show that the cis‐element recognized by RPX is evolutionarily conserved between higher plant species. Upon over‐expression of RPX, plants exhibit reduced growth, which may be reversed by a low concentration of the pharmacological proteasome inhibitor MG132. These data suggest that the rate of protein turnover during growth is a critical parameter for determining final organ size.
Maintaining hemostasis in acquired von Willebrand syndrome: a review of intravenous immunoglobulin and the importance of rituximab dose scheduling
Authors: Kanakry Jennifer A. , Gladstone Douglas E. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundThe acute management of acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is aimed at achieving hemostasis with von Willebrand factor replacement, counteracting the pathologic antibodies with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and supportive care with blood transfusions. However, strategies for the long‐term management of AVWS are not described, resulting in persistent use of these acute strategies to achieve hemostasis via high utilization of blood products. Herein, we provide an updated review of the use of IVIG and rituximab for AVWS and present rituximab maintenance as an effective and durable strategy for the management of these patients.Case ReportWe report the successful treatment of AVWS with anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy (375 mg/m2 rituximab as four weekly doses followed by 375 mg/m2 every 90 days) in a patient with concurrent monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis allowing for the early discontinuation of blood product support after only 2 g/kg IVIG achieved acute hemostasis control.ResultsThis is the first documentation of the successful long‐term management of AVWS without prolonged blood product or IVIG support. This result contrasts sharply to previously reported rituximab strategies that were deemed ineffective in AVWS.ConclusionA maintenance regimen of rituximab may be an effective long‐term management strategy for AVWS associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, which may minimize the use of blood products and IVIG.
Molecular background of novel silent RHCE alleles
Authors: Pham Bach‐Nga , Ramelet Stéphanie , Wibaut Bénédicte , Juszczak Genevieve , Loukil Chawki , Dubeaux Isabelle , Gien Dominique , Kappler‐Gratias Sandrine , Rouger Philippe , Le Pennec Pierre‐Yves 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundThe absence of expression of C/c and E/e antigens has been associated with rare variant RHCE alleles, referred to as silent RHCE alleles, classically identified among individuals with a rare D– – or Rhnull phenotype. This work reports on different molecular mechanisms identified in three novel silent RHCE alleles.Study Design and MethodsSamples from D– – or Rhnull individuals and their family members, from families for whom Rh phenotype and/or serologic data were unexplained by inheritance of conventional RH alleles, were analyzed. Genomic DNA and transcripts were tested by sequencing analysis.ResultsThe first silent allele was a RHCE*cE allele carrying an intronic IVS3+5G>A mutation. The second was a RHCE*ce allele carrying an intronic IVS7‐2A>G mutation, whereas the third was a silent RHCE*ce allele carrying a 5‐bp deletion (Nucleotides 679‐683) in Exon 5.ConclusionIn addition to hybrid alleles and nucleotide deletion, intronic mutations may be associated with the nonexpression of RhCE antigens. Regarding the RH system, silent alleles may not be investigated among D– – or Rhnull individuals only. Rh phenotype and/or serologic data unexplained by inheritance of conventional RH alleles should lead to molecular investigations.
Does Rh immune globulin suppress HLA sensitization in pregnancy?
Authors: Kaufman Richard M. , Schlumpf Karen S. , Wright David J. , Triulzi Darrell J. ,   NHLBI Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II (REDS‐II)
Published: December 2012

BackgroundHow Rh immune globulin (RhIG) prevents sensitization to D antigen is unclear. If RhIG Fc delivers a nonspecific immunosuppressive signal, then RhIG may inhibit sensitization to antigens other than D. HLA antibody prevalence was compared in previously pregnant D– versus D+ women to investigate whether RhIG suppresses HLA sensitization.Study Design and MethodsIn the Leukocyte Antibody Prevalence Study (LAPS), 7920 volunteer blood donors were screened for anti‐HLA and surveyed about prior pregnancies and transfusions. A secondary analysis of the LAPS database was performed.ResultsD– women not more than 40 years old (presumed to have received antenatal with or without postpartum RhIG in all pregnancies) had a significantly lower HLA sensitization rate than D+ women (relative risk, 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40‐0.83). When stratified by deliveries (one, two, three, or four or more), D– women not older than 40 were HLA sensitized less often than D+ women in every case. In contrast, a clear relationship between D type and HLA sensitization was not seen in older previously pregnant women whose childbearing years are presumed to have preceded the use of routine RhIG prophylaxis. In a multivariable logistic regression model, D– women not more than 40 years old remained significantly less likely to be HLA sensitized compared with D+ women after adjusting for parity, time from last pregnancy, lost pregnancies, and transfusions (odds ratio [OR], 0.55; 95% CI, 0.34‐0.88).ConclusionConsistent with a nonspecific immunosuppressive effect of RhIG, younger previously pregnant D– women were less likely than previously pregnant D+ women to be HLA sensitized.
An overlap‐volume‐histogram based method for rectal dose prediction and automated treatment planning in the external beam prostate radiotherapy following hydrogel injection
Authors: Yang Yidong , Ford Eric C. , Wu Binbin , Pinkawa Michael , van Triest Baukelien , Campbell Patrick , Song Danny Y. , McNutt Todd R. 
Published: December 2012

Purpose:Hydrogel injected between the rectum and prostate prior to radiotherapy provides a possible means of increased dose sparing to the rectum. Here the authors evaluate the overlap volume histogram (OVH) metric as a means to predict the rectal dose following hydrogel injection. Whether OVH predicted dose can serve as the dose objective or constraint for automated treatment planning was also investigated.Methods:Treatment planning was performed on 21 prostate cancer patients both pre‐ and posthydrogel injection, with five‐field IMRT delivering 78 Gy to the planning target volume (PTV). The authors quantify the geometrical relationship between the rectum and the prostate PTV using an OVH metric which determines the fractional volume of the rectum that is within a specified distance of the PTV. For an OVH distance the authors selected, L20, the PTV expansion distance at which 20% of the rectum overlaps. The authors calculated the rectal dose, D20, received by 20% of the rectum volume on the dose volume histogram. Linear regression was used to examine the correlation between the L20 and D20, and between ΔL20 and ΔD20 (i.e., the change of L20 and D20 posthydrogel injection). Additionally, rectal dose D15, D25, D35, D50, and bladder dose D15 were predicted from the OVH (L15, L25, L35, L50, for rectum and L15 for bladder) by the Lx‐Dx linear regression. The predicted doses were applied to the objectives for automated treatment planning of ten plans from five patients. Automatically generated plans were compared with plans manually generated on trial‐and‐error basis.Results:The rectal L20 was increased and dose D20 decreased due to the enlarged separation of rectum caused by the hydrogel injection. Linear regression showed an inverse linear correlation between L20 and D20, and between ΔL20 and ΔD20 (r2 = 0.77, 0.60, respectively; p < 0.0001). The increase in rectal sparing (ΔD20) is only weakly correlated with the volume of injected hydrogel (r2 = 0.17; p = 0.07), indicating OVH is a more predictive indicator of rectal sparing than the volume of hydrogel itself. Application of the predicted rectum and bladder doses to automated planning produced acceptable treatment plans, with rectal dose reduced for eight of ten plans.Conclusions:The OVH metric can predict the rectal dose in the external beam prostate radiotherapy for patients with hydrogel injection. The predicted doses can be applied to the objectives of optimization in automated treatment planning to produce acceptable treatment plans.
The Transmission Interface of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Multidrug Transporter Pdr5: Val-656 Located in Intracellular Loop 2 Plays a Major Role in Drug Resistance
Authors: Downes Marianne T. , Mehla Jitender , Ananthaswamy Neeti , Wakschlag Adina , Lamonde Micheala , Dine Elliot , Ambudkar Suresh V. , Golin John 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Pdr5 is a major ATP-binding cassette (ABC) multidrug transporter regarded as the founding member of a fungal subfamily of clinically significant efflux pumps. When these proteins are overexpressed, they confer broad-spectrum ultraresistance. To better understand the evolution of these proteins under selective pressure, we exposed a
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
yeast strain already overexpressing Pdr5 to a lethal concentration of cycloheximide. This approach gave mutations that confer greater resistance to a subset of transport substrates. One of these mutations, V656L, is located in intracellular loop 2 (ICL2), a region predicted by structural studies with several other ABC transporters to play a critical role in the transmission interface between the ATP hydrolysis and drug transport domains. We show that this mutation increases drug resistance, possibly by altering the efficiency with which the energy from ATP hydrolysis is used for transport. Val-656 is a conserved residue, and an alanine substitution creates a nearly null phenotype for drug transport as well as reduced ATPase activity. We posit that despite its unusually small size, ICL2 is part of the transmission interface, and that alterations in this pathway can increase or decrease resistance to a broad spectrum of drugs.
High on-treatment platelet reactivity and P2Y12 antagonists in clinical trials
Authors: Kristensen Steen , Hochholzer Willibald , Neumann Franz-Josef , Trenk Dietmar 
Published: December 2012

SummaryDual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) has substantially decreased the rate of cardiovascular events. Within the past decade, the variability in pharmacodynamic response as well as the moderate antiplatelet efficacy of clopidogrel has raised major concerns, since high on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity has consistently been associated with increased risk for ischaemic events in PCI patients. The variability in response could be linked to genetic polymorphisms impacting on activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes as well as clinical and demographic variables, but, taken together, factors identified so far can explain only up to approximately 12% of this variability in adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation on clopidogrel. Regulatory agencies as well as major cardiac societies suggest the use of other anti-platelet medications or alternative dosing strategies for clopidogrel in patients with reduced effectiveness of clopidogrel. This review will focus on the current status of alternate strategies for more sufficient suppression of high platelet reactivity.