bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadcasting with hard deadlines in wireless multihop networks using network coding
Authors: Ostovari Pouya , Khreishah Abdallah , Wu Jie 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBroadcasting with network coding mixes packets to minimize the number of transmissions, which improves the energy efficiency of wireless networks. On the other hand, delaying the transmissions increases coding opportunities at intermediate nodes, but increases the delay of packets. In this paper, we consider these two contradicting factors and study the problem of minimizing the number of transmissions in wireless networks while meeting the deadline constraints. We show that this problem is NP‐complete; therefore, we provide a heuristic to solve it. First, we construct broadcasting trees, each of them rooted at one source. We then specify overlapping conditions based on the constructed trees, to determine the number of transmissions each node has to perform without the deadline constraints. Then, we partition the set of packets such that coding is performed among the packets of the same partition, which does not result in deadline misses. Linear coding may not be applicable in some wireless networks because of its computational complexity. For these networks, we propose three XOR coding approaches, which rely only on local neighborhood information. Simulation results show that our techniques not only reduce the number of transmissions but also allow the majority of nodes to receive the packets on time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Analysis of Two Energetic Ionic Salts Based on 3,4‐Diamino‐1,2,4‐triazole (DATr)
Authors: Wu Jin‐Ting , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Yin Xin , Sun Mou , Zhang Tong‐Lai 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTwo energetic ionic salts DATr·NTO (2) and DATr·TNR (3) of 3,4‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazole (DATr) (1) were synthesized by reaction of 3,4‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazole with either 3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐one (NTO) or 2,4,6‐trinitro‐resorcinol (TNR) in aqueous solution. Their structures were characterized by FT IR spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction analysis. Their molecular structure and crystal structure were determined. They belong to the monoclinic crystal system, space group P21/c. The crystal density is 1.693 g·cm–3 and 1.738 g·cm–3, respectively. The thermal decomposition characteristics of the title compounds were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) technologies. Furthermore, the sensitivity properties were determined by standard methods.
Two‐day Hospital Stay After Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery under an Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Pathway
Authors: Rossi Gustavo , Vaccarezza Hernán , Vaccaro Carlos A. , Mentz Ricardo E. , Im Victor , Alvarez Adrián , Quintana Guillermo Ojea 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aims to examine the feasibility and safety of a two‐day hospital stay after laparoscopic colorectal resection (LCR) under an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway.MethodsBetween 2003 and 2010, 882 consecutive patients undergoing LCR were analyzed. Patients were grouped and analyzed according to whether their hospital stay was 2 days (group A) or longer (group B). Demographic, surgical, and postoperative data were compared. To identify independent predictive factors related to a short hospital stay, a multivariate analysis was also performed.ResultsGroup A represented 10.3 % of this series (91 patients). There were no differences regarding age, gender, BMI, ASA, and previous abdominal surgeries between groups. Group A had a lower incidence of rectal cancer and anterior resections than group B (6.6 vs. 17.7 % [p = 0.006] and 14.3 vs. 23.4 % [p = 0.048]), respectively, and a lower mean operative time (170 min vs. 192 min; p = 0.002). Group A had a lower overall morbidity rate than group B (5.5 vs. 16.9 %; p = 0.004) and a lower incidence of surgery‐related complications (5.5 vs. 14.9 %; p = 0.001). The overall conversion rate was 10 % (only one patient in group A required conversion), and the difference in conversion rate between groups was statistically significant (1.2 vs. 10.7 %; p = 0.003). Group A had a lower readmission rate (0 vs. 4.9 %; p = 0.089). Multivariate analysis showed that conversion, postoperative morbidity, and rectal prolapse were independently associated with the length of hospital stay.ConclusionsA two‐day hospital stay after LCR is safe and feasible under an ERAS pathway, without compromising the readmission or complication rate.
Evaluation effects of allopurinol and FSH on reduction of ischemia–reperfusion injury and on preservation of follicle after heterotopic auto‐transplantation of ovarian tissue in mouse
Authors: Abedi Reyhaneh , Eimani Hussein , Pashaee Rad Shahrokh , Eftekhari Yazdi Popak , Shahverdi Abdol Hossein , Mokhber Maleki Elham 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPurposeAllopurinol and FSH injection are applied to reduce ischemia–reperfusion injury and to increase survival rate for ovarian follicles after ovarian heterotopic autotransplantation in mice.MethodsOvarian tissues from 6‐week‐old mice were grafted into back muscle then collected after 3 weeks. A total of five groups were included in this experiment as follows: control group (n = 5), sham‐operated group (n = 5), allopurinol treatment group (AP) (n = 5), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) treatment group (n = 5), as well as, allopurinol and FSH treatment group (APF) (n = 5). We investigated survival, number and development of follicles, vaginal cytology along with plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in grafted ovary.ResultsTotal follicles count significantly increased in APF group compared with other treatment groups (p < 0.05). MDA concentration significantly decreased in AP group and APF treatment group compared with sham‐operated group. In AP group, vaginal smears showed presence of cornified epithelial cells three–five day after surgery.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that allopurinol, as a XO inhibitor, plays an important role in order to decrease ischemia injury and to increase survival rate for follicles. Also, FSH, as a folliculogenesis and angiogenesis factor, increases development of follicles. It seems that allopurinol can cause re‐establishing hypothalamus–pituitary axis and finally can restore estrous cycle earlier than for the sham operated group, so it explains the increasing survival rate for follicles.
Consumer responses to parodic ads
Authors: Roehm Michelle L. , Roehm Harper A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe analyze parodic ads, which are humorous commercial messages that parody extant advertising. The effects of three dimensions are examined: mockery, perceived truth and playful humor. Consequences are considered for attitudes toward the parodic ad, its sponsor brand, the parodied advertising (which the parodic ad mimics) and the parodied advertising's sponsor brand. Results of three studies indicate that parodic ads can produce positive as well as negative outcomes across these attitudinal variables. These results suggest caution in the use of parody as a messaging device.
Coherent structures and the saturation of a nonlinear dynamo
Authors: Rempel Erico L. , Chian Abraham C.-L. , Brandenburg Axel , Muñoz Pablo R. , Shadden Shawn C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEulerian and Lagrangian tools are used to detect coherent structures in the velocity and magnetic fields of a mean-field dynamo, produced by direct numerical simulations of the three-dimensional compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations with an isotropic helical forcing and moderate Reynolds number. Two distinct stages of the dynamo are studied: the kinematic stage, where a seed magnetic field undergoes exponential growth; and the saturated regime. It is shown that the Lagrangian analysis detects structures with greater detail, in addition to providing information on the chaotic mixing properties of the flow and the magnetic fields. The traditional way of detecting Lagrangian coherent structures using finite-time Lyapunov exponents is compared with a recently developed method called function $M$. The latter is shown to produce clearer pictures which readily permit the identification of hyperbolic regions in the magnetic field, where chaotic transport/dispersion of magnetic field lines is highly enhanced.
Large eddy simulation of flow around a reverse rotating propeller
Authors: Jang Hyunchul , Mahesh Krishnan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper studies the flow around a propeller rotating in the reverse direction in a uniform free stream. Large eddy simulation is used to study this massively separated flow at a Reynolds number of 480 000 and advance ratios$J= - 0. 5$,$- 0. 7$and$- 1. 0$. Simulations are performed on two grids; statistics of the loads and velocity field around the propeller show encouraging agreement between the two grids and with experiment. The impact of advance ratio is discussed, and a physical picture of the unsteady flow and its influence on the propeller loads is proposed. An unsteady vortex ring is formed in the vicinity of the propeller disk due to the interaction between the free stream and the reverse flow produced by the reverse rotation. The flow is separated in the blade passages; the most prominent is the separation along the sharp edge of the blade on the downstream side of the blade. This separation results in high-amplitude, transient propeller loads. Conditional averaging is used to describe the statistically relevant events that determine low- and high-amplitude thrust and side-forces. The vortex ring is closer and the reverse flow induced by propeller rotation is lower when the loads are high. The propeller loads scale with$\rho {U}^{2} $for$J\lt - 0. 7$and with$\rho {n}^{2} {D}^{2} $for$J\gt - 0. 7$.
Range of validity of an extended WKB theory for atmospheric gravity waves: one-dimensional and two-dimensional case
Authors: Rieper Felix , Achatz U. , Klein R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA computational model of the pseudo-incompressible equations is used to probe the range of validity of an extended Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin theory (XWKB), previously derived through a distinguished limit of a multiple-scale asymptotic analysis of the Euler or pseudo-incompressible equations of motion, for gravity-wave packets at large amplitudes. The governing parameter of this analysis had been the scale-separation ratio$\varepsilon $between the gravity wave and both the large-scale potential-temperature stratification and the large-scale wave-induced mean flow. A novel feature of the theory had been the non-resonant forcing of higher harmonics of an initial wave packet, predominantly by the large-scale gradients in the gravity-wave fluxes. In the test cases considered a gravity-wave packet is propagating upwards in a uniformly stratified atmosphere. Large-scale winds are induced by the wave packet, and possibly exert a feedback on the latter. In the limit$\varepsilon \ll 1$all predictions of the theory can be validated. The larger$\varepsilon $is the more the transfer of wave energy to the mean flow is underestimated by the theory. The numerical results quantify this behaviour but also show that, qualitatively, XWKB remains valid even when the gravity-wave wavelength approaches the spatial scale of the wave-packet amplitude. This includes the prevalence of first and second harmonics and the smallness of harmonics with wave number higher than two. Furthermore, XWKB predicts for the vertical momentum balance an additional leading-order buoyancy term in Euler and pseudo-incompressible theory, compared with the anelastic theory. Numerical tests show that this term is relatively large with up to$30\hspace{0.167em} \% $of the total balance. The practical relevance of this deviation remains to be assessed in future work.
Energy cascade and scaling in supersonic isothermal turbulence
Authors: Kritsuk Alexei G. , Wagner Rick , Norman Michael L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSupersonic turbulence plays an important role in a number of extreme astrophysical and terrestrial environments, yet its understanding remains rudimentary. We use data from a three-dimensional simulation of supersonic isothermal turbulence to reconstruct an exact fourth-order relation derived analytically from the Navier–Stokes equations (Galtier & Banerjee, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 107, 2011, p. 134501). Our analysis supports a Kolmogorov-like inertial energy cascade in supersonic turbulence previously discussed on a phenomenological level. We show that two compressible analogues of the four-fifths law exist describing fifth- and fourth-order correlations, but only the fourth-order relation remains ‘universal’ in a wide range of Mach numbers from incompressible to highly compressible regimes. A new approximate relation valid in the strongly supersonic regime is derived and verified. We also briefly discuss the origin of bottleneck bumps in simulations of compressible turbulence.
EXAMINING INTER-GENERATIONAL DIFFERENTIALS IN MATERNAL HEALTH CARE SERVICE UTILIZATION: INSIGHTS FROM THE INDIAN DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEY
Authors: SINGH PRASHANT KUMAR , SINGH LUCKY 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThis study examines the association between age cohort and utilization of maternal health care services in India, before and after adjusting for individual, household and contextual factors. Using data from the Demographic and Health Survey 2005–06, women were classified into three distinct age cohorts based on their age at childbirth: 15–24, 25–34 and 35–49 years. Binary logistic regression models were applied to assess the influence of women's age cohort on receiving full antenatal care (ANC) and skilled birth attendance (SBA). The analytical sample included the women who delivered their most recent birth at any time in the 5 years preceding the survey. Women belonging to the younger age cohort were found to be disadvantaged in receiving full ANC, whereas increasing age of women was negatively associated with receiving SBA. Low level of education, low mass media exposure, low autonomy, belonging to deprived social groups, poor economic status and residence in the central region were found to be major constraining factors in receiving full ANC and SBA for women in India. The findings support the need for ‘age-sensitive’ interventions that tailor programmes and incentives to women's health care needs through the reproductive life-stage. Urgent efforts are needed to ensure that women who are illiterate and those belonging to low autonomy and low socioeconomic groups receive the recommended maternal health care benefits.
The cruise tourism industry in the Canadian Arctic: analysis of activities and perceptions of cruise ship operators
Authors: Lasserre Frédéric , Têtu Pierre-Louis 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWith the melting of sea ice in the Arctic, the potential for higher shipping access has markedly changed. Shipping activity in the Arctic is increasing, including tourism and exploration activities, underlining the need for reliable communication and monitoring. This article examines the interactions between climate and sea ice change, the patterns of cruise ship tourism through Arctic Canada and the interest of operators to increase their activities in the cruise tourism market in the region. Since 1995, the melting of the summer pack ice in the offers the possibilities of increased shipping in this region while encouraging speculation regarding the potential of the northwest passage (NWP) and the Canadian Arctic to become a major cruise maritime highway. Integrating research from both human and transport geography, this article presents an analysis of vessel movements. It also analyses perceptions of charters and cruise ship operators and of their interests in the cruise tourism market. Discussion is focused on issues associated with the lack of available vessels and maritime infrastructure, regulations in the Canadian arctic waters, security and search and rescue. This research could prove useful for communities, and policy makers, as well as the cruise sector itself, with regard to response to change in these remote locations.
School performance and the risk of suicide attempts in young adults: a longitudinal population-based study
Authors: Kosidou K. , Dalman C. , Fredlund P. , Lee B. K. , Galanti R. , Isacsson G. , Magnusson C. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundPoor school performance is strongly associated with attempted suicide, but the mechanisms underlying this association are uncertain. We examined this relationship and the extent to which it is explained by (i) adult health behaviours and (ii) social conditions. Furthermore, we examined the potential modifying role of previous suicidal thoughts in the relationship.MethodWe conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 6146 individuals aged 18–33 years, recruited in 2002 and 2006 in Stockholm and resurveyed in 2007 and 2010 respectively. We estimated the risk of reported lifetime suicide attempts at follow-up among individuals without a history of suicide attempts at baseline and in relation to compulsory school-leaving grades, controlling for possible confounders and mediators.ResultsThere were 91 cases of self-reported suicide attempts during the follow-up (5-year incidence of 1.5%). ORs ranged from 3.35 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.88–5.96] for those in the lowest grade quartile to 2.60 (95% CI 1.48–4.57) and 1.76 (95% CI 0.99–3.13) for those in the second and third quartiles respectively. The relationship between school performance and risk of suicide attempts did not differ by sex. Adult health behaviours and social conditions marginally attenuated, but did not explain, the relationship. The gradient varied with baseline history of suicidal thoughts, and was found only among individuals without such a history.ConclusionsPoor school performance was found to predict suicide attempts among young adults without a history of suicidal thoughts. Adult health behaviours and social conditions did not explain this relationship. Instead, other factors linked with poor school performance, such as poor coping ability, may increase the risk of suicide attempts.
Ageing in an aged society: experiences and attitudes of Catholic order members towards population ageing and older people
Authors: LUY MARC , FLANDORFER PRISKA , DI GIULIO PAOLA 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTPopulation ageing occurs in all industrialised societies and is the demographic phenomenon that currently gets the highest attention from scientists, policy makers and the general public. The main aim of this paper is to broaden our understanding of its societal consequences, such as ageism and intergenerational solidarity. Our study is based on the 2008 investigation of attitudes towards population ageing and older people in seven European countries of Schoenmaeckerset al.We replicate their analysis in a specific human subpopulation in which the process of population ageing started earlier and is much more advanced than in the general societies: the members of Catholic orders. The study compares the attitudes of 148 nuns and monks from three Bavarian monasteries to those of the western German general population using descriptive and multivariate analyses in the context of the debate around population ageing in Germany. We discuss the specific characteristics of order members that might influence their attitudes and also take a brief look at their views on possible political strategies to solve the problems connected with the demographic changes. Our results confirm the findings of Schoenmaeckerset al.and reveal that worldly and monastic populations show an identical basic pattern of a positive attitude towards older people while at the same time considering population ageing a worrisome development. However, order members evaluate older people's abilities and their role in society more positively. This result gives rise to the optimistic perspective that in an aged population the younger and older generations can build a well-functioning society.
Older adults’ networks and public care receipt: do partners and adult children substitute for unskilled public care?
Authors: SCHENK NIELS , DYKSTRA PEARL , MAAS INEKE , VAN GAALEN RUBEN 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThis study investigates how (a) the reliance on public care and (b) the type of public care received by older people in the Netherlands depends on the availability of partners and adult children. Older people aged 65 years and older were surveyed in the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study at two time-points. Survey results were linked to registry data on public care receipt at the two time-points. Multilevel models revealed that receiving frequent help in the household from children was not associated with public care receipt. Only men having a partner were less likely to receive public care. Further analyses comparing the receipt of skilled and unskilled forms of public care revealed that female partners are especially important in rendering unskilled care unnecessary compared to skilled care. Two arguments may explain our findings. One is that a gender-bias exists in processing public care requests – men are perceived as less able to provide care to their female partners. Another is that men lack the skills, or perceive themselves as lacking the care skills that female partners have. Caution is advised against introducing policy measures that increase pressure on female partners.
Visuo: A model of visuospatial instantiation of quantitative magnitudes
Authors: Gagné Jonathan , Davies Jim 
Published: July 2013

AbstractVisuo is an implemented Python program that models visual reasoning. It takes as input a description of a scene in words (e.g. ‘small dog on a sunny street’) and produces estimates of the quantitative magnitudes of the qualitative input (e.g. the size of the dog and the brightness of the street). We claim that reasoners transfer quantitative knowledge to new concepts from distributions of familiar concepts in memory. We also claim that visuospatial magnitudes should be stored as distributions over fuzzy sets. We show that Visuo successfully predicts quantitative knowledge to new concepts.
Reasoning with visual metaphors
Authors: McAllister James W. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractResearch into visual reasoning up to now has focused on images that are literal depictions of their objects. I argue in this article that an important further mode of visual reasoning operates on images that depict objects metaphorically. Such images form part of the class of expressive symbols: they are found, for example, in allegorical representations in works of visual art, studied by iconology. They were also a common way of encapsulating insights about the universe in natural philosophy in the Renaissance. Many writers assume that expressive symbols have vanished from modern science, but I argue in the second part of the article that mathematical law statements in present-day physics should be seen, in part, as images that constitute expressive symbols of the world. In support of this view, I offer evidence that law statements relate to their objects metaphorically and that physicists engage with them primarily through visual inspection and visual reasoning.