bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Odd linking and bifurcation in gaps: the weakly indefinite case
Authors: Ruppen Hans-Jörg 
Published: September 2013

In this paper, we consider nonlinear Schrödinger equations of the following type:−Δu(x)+ V(x)u(x) − q(x)|u(x)|σu(x) = λu(x), x ∈ ℝN, u ∈ H1(ℝN)\{0},where N ≥ 2 and σ > 0. We concentrate on situations where the potential function V appearing in the linear part of the equation is of Coulomb type; by this we mean potentials where the spectrum of the linear operator −Δ + V consists of an increasing sequence of eigenvalues λ1, λ2,… followed by an interval belonging to the essential spectrum.We study, for λ kept fixed inside a spectral gap or below λ1, the existence of multiple solution pairs, as well as the bifurcation behaviour of these solutions when λ approaches a point of the spectrum from the left-hand side. Our method proceeds by an analysis of critical points of the corresponding energy functional. To this end, we derive a new variational characterization of critical levelsc0 (λ) ≤ c1(λ) ≤ c2(λ) ≤ ⋯ corresponding to an infinite set of critical points.We derive such a multiplicity result even if some of the critical values cn(λ) coincide; this seems to be a major advantage of our approach. Moreover, the characterization of these values cn(λ) is suitable for an analysis of the bifurcation behaviour of the corresponding generalized solutions.The approach presented here is generic; for instance, it can be applied when V and q are periodic functions. Such generalizations are briefly described in this paper and will be the object of a forthcoming article.
The roles of biological reference points and operational control points in management procedures for the sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) fishery in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: COX SEAN P. , KRONLUND ALLEN R. , BENSON ASHLEEN J. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYBiological reference points (BRPs) in fisheries policy are typically sensitive to stock assessment model assumptions, thus increasing uncertainty in harvest decision-making and potentially blocking adoption of precautionary harvest policies. A collaborative management strategy evaluation approach and closed-loop simulation modelling was used to evaluate expected fishery economic and conservation performance of the sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) fishery in British Columbia (Canada), in the presence of uncertainty about BRPs. Comparison of models derived using two precautionary harvest control rules, which each complied with biological conservation objectives and short-term economic objectives given by industry, suggested that both rules were likely to avert biomass decline below limit BRPs, even when stock biomass and production were persistently overestimated by stock assessment models. The slightly less conservative, industry-preferred harvest control rule also avoided short-term economic losses of c. CAN$ 2.7–10 million annually, or 10–50% of current landed value. Distinguishing between the role of BRPs in setting fishery conservation objectives and operational control points that define harvest control rules improved the flexibility of the sablefish management system, and has led to adoption of precautionary management procedures.
Assessment of P-wave dispersion in children with atrial septal aneurysm
Authors: Arslan Derya , Cimen Derya , Guvenc Osman , Oran Bulent , Yilmaz Fatma Hilal 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundThis was a prospective controlled study to determine the P-wave duration and P-wave dispersion in patients with atrial septal aneurysm.MethodsA total of 41 children with atrial septal aneurysm, including 21 boys and 20 girls (mean age 11.85 ± 3.8 years), and 32 controls, including 17 boys and 15 girls (mean age 12.3 ± 2.9 years), were included. P-wave dispersion was calculated from the 12-lead electrocardiogram. Cardiac functions, morphology of the aneurysm, and left atrial diameter were measured using conventional echocardiography. The diagnosis of atrial septal aneurysm was made when the base of the aneurysms with an excursion ratio ≥25% was found on echocardiography.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the patient and control groups in demographic, clinical findings, and M-mode echocardiographic parameters. The P-wave dispersion in patients with atrial septal aneurysm was significantly longer compared with the control group (64.4 ± 13.4 ms; p < 0.0001). Similarly, the the maximum duration of the P wave in the patient group was significantly longer compared with the control group (106.1 ± 13.3 ms; p < 0.001). The P-wave duration and dispersion were not correlated with age, gender, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, or m-mode echocardiographic parameters.ConclusionsThis study shows that P-wave dispersion is delayed in atrial septal aneurysm patients. Prolonged P-wave dispersion was determined to indicate electrical disturbance, and therefore it has an increased electrocardiographic risk of atrial arrhythmia in children with atrial septal aneurysm.
Health Implications of Cyber-Terrorism
Authors: Clem A. , Galwankar Sagar , Buck George 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe world is becoming ever more interconnected via the Internet, creating both benefits and disadvantages for human communities. This article examines cyber-terrorism, one of the major negative consequences of the Internet. It also examines the potential impact of cyber-terrorism on the health of populations, its possible perpetrators, and its prevention and control.
Stable model semantics for founded bounds
Authors: AZIZ REHAN ABDUL , CHU GEOFFREY , STUCKEY PETER J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAnswer Set Programming (ASP) is a powerful form of declarative programming used in areas such as planning or reasoning. ASP solvers enforce stable model semantics, which rule out solutions representing certain kinds of circular reasoning. Unfortunately, current ASP solvers are incapable of solving problems involving cyclic dependencies between multiple integer or continuous quantities effectively. In this paper, we generalize the notion of stable models to bound founded variables with arbitrary domains, where bounds on such variables need to be justified by some rule in the program in order for the model to be stable. We show how to handle significantly more general rule forms where bound founded variables can act as head or body variables, and where head and body variables can be related via complex constraints subject to certain monotonicity requirements. We describe a new unfounded set detection algorithm which allows us to enforce this generalization of the stable model semantics. We also show how these unfounded sets can be explained in order to allow effective conflict-directed clause learning. The new solver merges the best features of CP, SAT and ASP solvers and allows new types of problems to be solved very efficiently.
Relative expressiveness of defeasible logics II
Authors: MAHER MICHAEL J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMaher (2012) introduced an approach for relative expressiveness of defeasible logics, and two notions of relative expressiveness were investigated. Using the first of these definitions of relative expressiveness, we show that all the defeasible logics in the DL framework are equally expressive under this formulation of relative expressiveness. The second formulation of relative expressiveness is stronger than the first. However, we show that logics incorporating individual defeat are equally expressive as the corresponding logics with team defeat. Thus the only differences in expressiveness of logics in DL arise from differences in how ambiguity is handled. This completes the study of relative expressiveness in DL begun in Maher (2012).
Failure tabled constraint logic programming by interpolation
Authors: GANGE GRAEME , NAVAS JORGE A. , SCHACHTE PETER , SØNDERGAARD HARALD , STUCKEY PETER J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe present a new execution strategy for constraint logic programs called Failure Tabled CLP. Similarly to Tabled CLP our strategy records certain derivations in order to prune further derivations. However, our method only learns from failed derivations. This allows us to compute interpolants rather than constraint projection for generation of reuse conditions. As a result, our technique can be used where projection is too expensive or does not exist. Our experiments indicate that Failure Tabling can speed up the execution of programs with many redundant failed derivations as well as achieve termination in the presence of infinite executions.
Probabilistic legal reasoning in CHRiSM
Authors: SNEYERS JON , DE SCHREYE DANNY , FRÜHWIRTH THOM 
Published: September 2013

AbstractRiveret et al. have proposed a framework for probabilistic legal reasoning. Their goal is to determine the chance of winning a court case, given the probabilities of the judge accepting certain claimed facts and legal rules.In this paper we tackle the same problem by defining and implementing a new formalism, called probabilistic argumentation logic, which can be seen as a probabilistic generalization of Nute's defeasible logic. Not only does this provide an automation of the — only hand-performed — computations in Riveret et al, it also provides a solution to one of their open problems: a method to determine the initial probabilities from a given body of precedents.
Answer set programming as a modeling language for course timetabling
Authors: BANBARA MUTSUNORI , SOH TAKEHIDE , TAMURA NAOYUKI , INOUE KATSUMI , SCHAUB TORSTEN 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe course timetabling problem can be generally defined as the task of assigning a number of lectures to a limited set of timeslots and rooms, subject to a given set of hard and soft constraints. The modeling language for course timetabling is required to be expressive enough to specify a wide variety of soft constraints and objective functions. Furthermore, the resulting encoding is required to be extensible for capturing new constraints and for switching them between hard and soft, and to be flexible enough to deal with different formulations. In this paper, we propose to make effective use of ASP as a modeling language for course timetabling. We show that our ASP-based approach can naturally satisfy the above requirements, through an ASP encoding of the curriculum-based course timetabling problem proposed in the third track of the second international timetabling competition (ITC-2007). Our encoding is compact and human-readable, since each constraint is individually expressed by either one or two rules. Each hard constraint is expressed by using integrity constraints and aggregates of ASP. Each soft constraint S is expressed by rules in which the head is the form of penalty(S,V,C), and a violation V and its penalty cost C are detected and calculated respectively in the body. We carried out experiments on four different benchmark sets with five different formulations. We succeeded either in improving the bounds or producing the same bounds for many combinations of problem instances and formulations, compared with the previous best known bounds.
The evolution of the Dutch dairy industry and the rise of cooperatives: a research note
Authors: FRENKEN KOEN 
Published: September 2013

Abstract:Economic historians tend to explain the rise of the cooperative form in agriculture from the advantage of cooperative over private factories in reducing transaction costs with suppliers. This study provides a first test of this thesis using data on 1,130 dairy factories in The Netherlands. Indeed, we find that cooperative factories performed significantly better than private factories. The persistence of private factories in certain regions can be explained by first-mover advantages.
Optimal multi-photon phase sensing with a single interference fringe
Authors: Xiang G. Y. , Hofmann H. F. , Pryde G. J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractQuantum entanglement can help to increase the precision of optical phase measurements beyond the shot noise limit (SNL) to the ultimate Heisenberg limit. However, the N-photon parity measurements required to achieve this optimal sensitivity are extremely difficult to realize with current photon detection technologies, requiring high-fidelity resolution of N + 1 different photon distributions between the output ports. Recent experimental demonstrations of precision beyond the SNL have therefore used only one or two photon-number detection patterns instead of parity measurements. Here we investigate the achievable phase sensitivity of the simple and efficient single interference fringe detection technique. We show that the maximally-entangled “NOON” state does not achieve optimal phase sensitivity when N > 4, rather, we show that the Holland-Burnett state is optimal. We experimentally demonstrate this enhanced sensitivity using a single photon-counted fringe of the six-photon Holland-Burnett state. Specifically, our single-fringe six-photon measurement achieves a phase variance three times below the SNL.
Maintaining middle zero voltage switching operation of parallel–parallel tuned wireless power transfer system under bifurcation
Authors: Wang Bob , Hu Aiguo Patrick , Budgett David 
Published: September 2013

It is well known that when a wireless power transfer system bifurcates, the maximum power transfer capability reduces significantly. This research proposes a dynamic zero voltage switching (ZVS) controller to track the middle ZVS operation curve so as to maintain the peak power potential the system can deliver. A prototype wireless power transfer system has been developed, and it has found that the system can deliver 10 W power required to drive an implantable heart pump with a reduced input voltage, increased coil separation and improved end‐to‐end power efficiency.
Aspiration through hollow cantilever‐based nanopipette by means of evaporation
Authors: Perez Garza Hector Hugo , Ghatkesar Murali Krishna , Staufer Urs 
Published: September 2013

Presented is a method for aspirating liquids into a hollow atomic force microscope (AFM)‐cantilever through a 350 nm‐wide nozzle near the tip apex. The cantilever was made of transparent SiO2 and connected a fluidic reservoir to an evaporation cell. The nanopipette‐chip is suitable for mounting the microfluidic system into commercial AFMs. The channel inside the lever spontaneously filled with liquid by capillary forces upon which evaporation started and continuously pumped liquid from the reservoir. The resonance frequency of the cantilever was found to be 153.946 kHz when empty and a frequency shift of 92 Hz was measured when filled. The cantilever's transparency allowed visualisation of the advancing meniscus in real time and confirmed the presence of aspirated, fluorescently labelled liquid. An aspiration rate of ∼230 aL/s was measured. This value represents the flow rate in the microfluidic system when operated under ambient conditions (21°C temperature, 43% relative humidity). The estimated volume that has been aspirated in total was ∼ 85.42 aL. The aspiration capability of the device was tested and analysed under an optical microscope using an aqueous solution of fluorescently labelled nanobeads. The nanopipetting experiments represent an extension over the authors' earlier work which concentrated on the dispensing and imaging capabilities of a similar system.
A brief history of the global warming debate
Authors: Maslin Mark 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
‘A brief history of the global warming debate’ describes the combination of factors that led to recognition and acceptance of global warming, beginning with global warming science carried out in the 1950s. The next stages came later in the 1980s: the observed upturn in the global temperature data set; the increased knowledge of past climate change; significant advances in global climate modelling; the emergence of the environmental movement; increased media interest; and finally politicians and economists taking the climate change threat seriously since the late 1990s. The signature of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992 and the subsequent ratification of the Kyoto Protocol in 2005 are also discussed.
Visions of a zero-carbon future
Authors: Maslin Mark 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
‘Visions of a zero-carbon future’ provides suggestions of what the low-carbon world of tomorrow might look like. Future homes and offices may all utilise water- and energy-efficient measures such as smart meters, solar panels, wind turbines, and rainwater harvesting. Our cities of the future could include more mixed-use developments featuring high-quality urban design and sustainable urban drainage systems. Transport could be transformed by greater use of public transport running on renewable energy sources. Continental air travel could be replaced with magnetically levitating trains travelling at 900km/h using renewable sources of electricity. The economy may be transformed by technological solutions to both emission reductions and adaptation to climate change, producing a global developed society unrecognisable from the present.
Final thoughts
Authors: Davies Owen 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Magic does not live in the past — magic is alive and well today, all over the world. Magic has a range of meanings and has still has relevance. Magic is a language, a belief, an action, creative expression, experience, and a cognitive tool. Magic can be part of religion, but can also be independent of it. Science can explain magic but it cannot explain it away. Magic is part of the human condition and will always be with us.
CPPpred: prediction of cell penetrating peptides
Authors: Holton Thérèse A. , Pollastri Gianluca , Shields Denis C. , Mooney Catherine 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Summary: Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are attracting much attention as a means of overcoming the inherently poor cellular uptake of various bioactive molecules. Here, we introduce CPPpred, a web server for the prediction of CPPs using a N-to-1 neural network. The server takes one or more peptide sequences, between 5 and 30 amino acids in length, as input and returns a prediction of how likely each peptide is to be cell penetrating. CPPpred was developed with redundancy reduced training and test sets, offering an advantage over the only other currently available CPP prediction method.
Availability and Implementation: CPPpred is freely available to non-commercial users at http://bioware.ucd.ie/cpppred.
Contact: Denis.Shields@ucd.ie
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An alignment-free test for recombination
Authors: Haubold Bernhard , Krause Linda , Horn Thomas , Pfaffelhuber Peter 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMotivation: Why recombination? is one of the central questions in biology. This has led to a host of methods for quantifying recombination from sequence data. These methods are usually based on aligned DNA sequences. Here, we propose an efficient alignment-free alternative.Results: Our method is based on the distribution of match lengths, which we look up using enhanced suffix arrays. By eliminating the alignment step, the test becomes fast enough for application to whole bacterial genomes. Using simulations we show that our test has similar power as established tests when applied to long pairs of sequences. When applied to 58 genomes of Escherichia coli, we pick up the strongest recombination signal from a 125 kb horizontal gene transfer engineered 20 years ago.Availability and implementation: We have implemented our method in the command-line program rush. Its C sources and documentation are available under the GNU General Public License from http://guanine.evolbio.mpg.de/rush/.Contact: haubold@evolbio.mpg.deSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
BCov: a method for predicting β-sheet topology using sparse inverse covariance estimation and integer programming
Authors: Savojardo Castrense , Fariselli Piero , Martelli Pier Luigi , Casadio Rita 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Prediction of protein residue contacts, even at the coarse-grain level, can help in finding solutions to the protein structure prediction problem. Unlike α-helices that are locally stabilized, β-sheets result from pairwise hydrogen bonding of two or more disjoint regions of the protein backbone. The problem of predicting contacts among β-strands in proteins has been addressed by several supervised computational approaches. Recently, prediction of residue contacts based on correlated mutations has been greatly improved and finally allows the prediction of 3D structures of the proteins.
Results: In this article, we describe BCov, which is the first unsupervised method to predict the β-sheet topology starting from the protein sequence and its secondary structure. BCov takes advantage of the sparse inverse covariance estimation to define β-strand partner scores. Then an optimization based on integer programming is carried out to predict the β-sheet connectivity. When tested on the prediction of β-strand pairing, BCov scores with average values of Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) and F1 equal to 0.56 and 0.61, respectively, on a non-redundant dataset of 916 protein chains known with atomic resolution. Our approach well compares with the state-of-the-art methods trained so far for this specific task.
Availability and implementation: The method is freely available under General Public License at http://biocomp.unibo.it/savojard/bcov/bcov-1.0.tar.gz. The new dataset BetaSheet1452 can be downloaded at http://biocomp.unibo.it/savojard/bcov/BetaSheet1452.dat.
Contact: piero.fariselli@unibo.it
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 Is a Senescence-Associated Gene That Accelerates Age-Dependent Leaf Senescence by Directly Repressing miR164 Transcription in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Zhonghai , Peng Jinying , Wen Xing , Guo Hongwei 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Numerous endogenous and environmental signals regulate the intricate and highly orchestrated process of plant senescence. Ethylene is a well-known inducer of senescence, including fruit ripening and flower and leaf senescence. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of ethylene-induced leaf senescence remains to be elucidated. Here, we examine ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3), a key transcription factor in ethylene signaling, and find that EIN3 is a functional senescence-associated gene. Constitutive overexpression or temporary activation of EIN3 is sufficient to accelerate leaf senescence symptoms. Conversely, loss of EIN3 and EIN3-Like1 (its close homolog) function leads to a delay in age-dependent and ethylene-, jasmonic acid-, or dark-induced leaf senescence. We further found that EIN3 acts downstream of ORESARA2 (ORE2)/ORE3/EIN2 to repress miR164 transcription and upregulate the transcript levels of ORE1/NAC2, a target gene of miR164. EIN3 directly binds to the promoters of microRNA164 (miR164), and this binding activity progressively increases during leaf ageing. Genetic analysis revealed that overexpression of miR164 or knockout of ORE1/NAC2 represses EIN3-induced early-senescence phenotypes. Collectively, our study defines a continuation of the signaling pathway involving EIN2-EIN3-miR164-NAC2 in regulating leaf senescence and provides a mechanistic insight into how ethylene promotes the progression of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana.