bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of proton pump inhibitors with susceptibility to influenza, pneumonia, and COVID-19: Evidence from a large population-based cohort study
Authors: Zeng Ruijie , Ma Yuying , Zhang Lijun , Luo Dongling , Jiang Rui , Wu Huihuan , Zhuo Zewei , Yang Qi , Li Jingwei , Leung Felix W , Duan Chongyang , Sha Weihong , Chen Hao 
Published: July 2024

Background:Adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have raised wide concerns. The association of PPIs with influenza is unexplored, while that with pneumonia or COVID-19 remains controversial. Our study aims to evaluate whether PPI use increases the risks of these respiratory infections.Methods:The current study included 160,923 eligible participants at baseline who completed questionnaires on medication use, which included PPI or histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA), from the UK Biobank. Cox proportional hazards regression and propensity score-matching analyses were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results:Comparisons with H2RA users were tested. PPI use was associated with increased risks of developing influenza (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.12–1.56) and pneumonia (hazard ratio [HR] 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26–1.59). In contrast, the risk of COVID-19 infection was not significant with regular PPI use (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.99–1.17), while the risks of severe COVID-19 (HR 1.19. 95% CI 1.11–1.27) and mortality (HR 1.37. 95% CI 1.29–1.46) were increased. However, when compared with H2RA users, PPI users were associated with a higher risk of influenza (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.19–2.54), but the risks with pneumonia or COVID-19-related outcomes were not evident.Conclusions:PPI users are associated with increased risks of influenza, pneumonia, as well as COVID-19 severity and mortality compared to non-users, while the effects on pneumonia or COVID-19-related outcomes under PPI use were attenuated when compared to the use of H2RAs. Appropriate use of PPIs based on comprehensive evaluation is required.Funding:This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82171698, 82170561, 81300279, 81741067, 82100238), the Program for High-level Foreign Expert Introduction of China (G2022030047L), the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Guangdong Province (2021B1515020003), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2022A1515012081), the Foreign Distinguished Teacher Program of Guangdong Science and Technology Department (KD0120220129), the Climbing Program of Introduced Talents and High-level Hospital Construction Project of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (DFJH201923, DFJH201803, KJ012019099, KJ012021143, KY012021183), and in part by VA Clinical Merit and ASGE clinical research funds (FWL).
Evaluation of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Hybrids in Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Condition
Authors: Kumar Rupesh , Bahadur Vijay , Topno Samir E. , Saurabh  , Kumar Abhishek 
Published: July 2024

An experiment was conducted to study the Evaluation of Sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Hybrids in Prayagraj agro-climatic condition. at Sam Higginbottom. University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during summer 2023. From the present investigation it is concluded that the H10 Performed best in terms of growth (vine length (170.67 cm). The H9 is best performed in terms of Number of Primary branches (15.25) and The H10 is best performed in terms of maximum Number of node/plant (34.42).The treatment H4 is best performed in terms of Days to emergence of 1st male flower (42.83 days) and H11 is best performed in terms of days to emergence of 1st female flower/plant (46.8 days).The treatment H7 is best performed in terms of first appearance of male flower (2.17). The treatment H7 is best performed in terms of first appearance of female flower (2.17).The H3 and H5 is best performed in terms of Days to 50% female flower/plant (45.67).the treatment H12 performed best in term of days to 1st fruit setting/plant (48.00 Days) and the T12 best performed in terms of Number of days to first Fruit picking (51.58 Days). ). The H1 is best performed in terms of maximum number of Number of fruit/plant (28.48 Fruit),Fruit yield /plant (kg) (2.70 Kg), Fruit yield /ha (Q) (270 Q) and average weight of fruit (95.00g).The H4,H5 and H6 performed best in term of Fruit length (30.00cm). The treatment H11 is best performed in terms of fruit diameter (22.00mm). Whereas, the H1 recorded highest benefit cost ratio (2.79).
Microanalysis of Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes
Authors: Coronell Orlando , ter Horst Marc , Donley Carrie 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes, the active layer constitutes the main barrier to the transport of water and contaminants. In addition, membrane–foulant interactions occur at the active layer surface. Accordingly, the characterization of active layer properties, and interactions with water, contaminants, and foulants, greatly benefits membrane development and optimization cycles. In this article, we provide a brief review of eight characterization techniques that have proved to be useful for the aforementioned characterization objectives. The techniques covered are positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, electrical/electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). For each technique, we first describe basic concepts and then provide an overview of some key applications and findings of the technique in RO/NF membrane characterization.
Polymeric Membranes for Energy Applications
Authors: Low Bee Ting , Wang Yan , Chung Tai‐Shung 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMembrane technology is a promising separation technique for natural gas, hydrogen, and biofuel purifications. Polymeric membranes remain among the most viable commercial choice and substantial research works on the design of polymers with improved separation performance and physicochemical properties are in progress. Various approaches have been utilized by membrane scientists to overcome bottlenecks and to achieve this goal. In this review, a critical survey on polymeric membranes for gas separation and pervaporation in energy‐related applications is presented.The focus of this article is on tailoring polymers, polymer composites, and their processing for improved membrane‐based separation. The merits and deficiencies of existing polymeric membranes are evaluated. The vital aspects of membrane process design and the future prospects of membrane‐based separations are highlighted.
Bilateral hearing loss after dichloromethane poisoning: A case report
Authors: Bonfiglioli Roberta , Carnevali Lucio , Di Lello Matteo , Violante Francesco S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDichloromethane is a widely used organic solvent. Occupational exposure to dichloromethane is frequent and can result in both acute and chronic toxicity, affecting mostly the central nervous system, directly or through its metabolite, carbon monoxide. The effects of dichloromethane on the peripheral nervous system are debated. Here we report the case of a 37‐year‐old woman who was accidentally exposed to dichloromethane. In the days following the incident she experienced bilateral hypoacusis. Hearing loss regressed after 25 days treatment with hyperbaric oxygen. This is the first report of sudden hearing loss after acute exposure to dichloromethane, suggesting a possible toxic effect of this solvent on the auditory system. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:254–257, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Axonal protein synthesis and the regulation of primary afferent function
Authors: Obara Ilona , Hunt Stephen P. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTLocal protein synthesis has been demonstrated in the peripheral processes of sensory primary afferents and is thought to contribute to the maintenance of the neuron, to neuronal plasticity following injury and also to regeneration of the axon after damage to the nerve. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a master regulator of protein synthesis, integrates a variety of cues that regulate cellular homeostasis and is thought to play a key role in coordinating the neuronal response to environmental challenges. Evidence suggests that activated mTOR is expressed by peripheral nerve fibers, principally by A‐nociceptors that rapidly signal noxious stimulation to the central nervous system, but also by a subset of fibers that respond to cold and itch. Inhibition of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) has shown that while the acute response to noxious stimulation is unaffected, more complex aspects of pain processing including the setting up and maintenance of chronic pain states can be disrupted suggesting a route for the generation of new drugs for the control of chronic pain. Given the role of mTORC1 in cellular homeostasis, it seems that systemic changes in the physiological state of the body such as occur during illness are likely to modulate the sensitivity of peripheral sensory afferents through mTORC1 signaling pathways. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 269–278, 2014
Experimental Study of the Plasma Polymerization of Ethyl Lactate
Authors: Ligot Sylvie , Renaux Fabian , Denis Laurent , Cossement Damien , Nuns Nicolas , Dubois Philippe , Snyders Rony 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this work, we report on the synthesis of ethyl lactate‐based plasma polymer film (ELPPF) by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). Using a design of experiments, it appears that, among other, the injected power (PRF) is the key parameter affecting the ELPPF features. Indeed, we observe a strong decrease of the COO‐C/H functionalities (from 12 to 2 at.%) within a limited PRF domain. A more precise analysis of the film chemistry by combining XPS and chemical derivatization reveals that up to 95% of these carboxyl‐based functions are esters. On the other hand, we show that the cross‐linking degree of the ELPPF can be increased by a factor of two as a function of PRF. This work paves the way for the tailoring of the barrier properties of ELPPF by controlling the ester content and the cross‐linking degree of the PPF.
Thyroid Nodules (≥4 cm): Can Ultrasound and Cytology Reliably Exclude Cancer?
Authors: Wharry Laura I. , McCoy Kelly L. , Stang Michael T. , Armstrong Michaele J. , LeBeau Shane O. , Tublin Mitch E. , Sholosh Biatta , Silbermann Ari , Ohori N. Paul , Nikiforov Yuri E. , Hodak Steven P. , Carty Sally E. , Yip Linwah 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundWhether a threshold nodule size should prompt diagnostic thyroidectomy remains controversial. We examined a consecutive series of patients who all had thyroidectomy for a ≥4 cm nodule to determine (1) the incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) and (2) if malignant nodules could accurately be diagnosed preoperatively by ultrasound (US), fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) cytology and molecular testing.MethodsAs a prospective management strategy, 361 patients with 382 nodules ≥4 cm by preoperative US had thyroidectomy from 1/07 to 3/12.ResultsThe incidence of a clinically significant TC within the ≥4 cm nodule was 22 % (83/382 nodules). The presence of suspicious US features did not discriminate malignant from benign nodules. Moreover, in 86 nodules ≥4 cm with no suspicious US features, the risk of TC within the nodule was 20 %. US‐guided FNAB was performed for 290 nodules, and the risk of malignancy increased stepwise from 10.4 % for cytologically benign nodules, 29.6 % for cytologically indeterminate nodules and 100 % for malignant FNAB results. Molecular testing was positive in 9.3 % (10/107) of tested FNAB specimens, and all ten were histologic TC.ConclusionsIn a large consecutive series in which all ≥4 cm nodules had histology and were systematically evaluated by preoperative US and US‐guided FNAB, the incidence of TC within the nodule was 22 %. The false negative rate of benign cytology was 10.4 %, and the absence of suspicious US features did not reliably exclude malignancy. At minimum, thyroid lobectomy should be strongly considered for all nodules ≥4 cm.
Therapeutic hepatocyte transplant for inherited metabolic disorders: functional considerations, recent outcomes and future prospects
Authors: Vogel Kara R. , Kennedy Andrew A. , Whitehouse Luke A. , Gibson K. Michael 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe applications, outcomes and future strategies of hepatocyte transplantation (HTx) as a corrective intervention for inherited metabolic disease (IMD) are described. An overview of HTx in IMDs, as well as preclinical evaluations in rodent and other mammalian models, is summarized. Current treatments for IMDs are highlighted, along with short‐ and long‐term outcomes and the potential for HTx to supplement or supplant these treatments. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of HTx are presented, highlighted by long‐term challenges with interorgan engraftment and expansion of transplanted cells, in addition to the future prospects of stem cell transplants. At present, the utility of HTx is represented by the potential to bridge patients with life‐threatening liver disease to organ transplantation, especially as an adjuvant intervention where severe organ shortages continue to pose challenges.
High level of intergenera gene exchange shapes the evolution of haloarchaea in an isolated Antarctic lake
Authors: DeMaere Matthew Z. , Williams Timothy J. , Allen Michelle A. , Brown Mark V. , Gibson John A. E. , Rich John , Lauro Federico M. , Dyall-Smith Michael , Davenport Karen W. , Woyke Tanja , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Tringe Susannah G. , Cavicchioli Ricardo 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Horizontal gene exchange across species boundaries is considered infrequent relative to vertical inheritance that maintains species coherence. However, haloarchaea living in hypersaline environments take a more relaxed approach to gene exchange. Here we demonstrate that in Deep Lake, Antarctica, haloarchaea exchange DNA between distinct genera, not just species, with some of the DNA being long (up to 35 kb) and virtually 100% conserved. With extremely low cell division rates in the cold (e.g., six generations per year), the remarkable extent of lateral exchange could conceivably homogenize the population. It is therefore equally notable that despite the demonstrated capacity for exchange, different genera are maintained, their coexistence being linked to genomic differences conferring ecotype distinctions that enable niche adaptation.
Like cognitive function, decision making across the life span shows profound age-related changes
Authors: Tymula Agnieszka , Rosenberg Belmaker Lior A. , Ruderman Lital , Glimcher Paul W. , Levy Ifat 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Although largely unstudied, behavioral changes in decision making across the life span have implications for problems associated with poor decision making at different life stages, such as careless driving in adolescents and disadvantageous medical or financial decision making in older adults. We examine age-based differences in individual decision-making characteristics—choice consistency, rationality, and preferences for known and unknown risks—in 12- to 90-y-olds. We found that even the healthiest of elders show profoundly compromised decision making, and that risk attitudes show systematic changes across the life span that have important policy implications.
Mice infer probabilistic models for timing
Authors: Li Yi , Dudman Joshua Tate 
Published: October 2013

Significance
To make optimal decisions in the presence of uncertainty requires the inference of probabilistic models. For example, financial decision theory posits that selection of optimal portfolios requires information about both the mean and variance of expected returns. In the timing literature it is often suggested that rodents learn the delay until reward delivery with a fixed relative uncertainty. However, in a natural environment the timing of events may have an arbitrary uncertainty. Thus, we asked whether mice could infer probabilistic models of timing in highly dynamic environments. Here we have developed a behavioral paradigm to show that mice can accumulate reward timing information over many tens of trials to infer accurate probabilistic models and make optimal decisions.
Heme impairs the ball-and-chain inactivation of potassium channels
Authors: Sahoo Nirakar , Goradia Nishit , Ohlenschläger Oliver , Schönherr Roland , Friedrich Manfred , Plass Winfried , Kappl Reinhard , Hoshi Toshinori , Heinemann Stefan H. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Heme, traditionally viewed as a stable protein cofactor such as in hemoglobin, also serves as an acute signaling molecule and is cytotoxic at high concentrations. Here, we show that free intracellular heme potently enhances A-type potassium channel function. Such channels determine action potential frequency in excitable cells, and their dysfunction often contributes to pathological hyperexcitability, such as in pain and epilepsy. Binding of free heme at nanomolar concentrations to the “ball-and-chain” N terminus of A-type potassium channels, which typically closes the channels, introduces a stable structure in the otherwise disordered region and allows for a greater efflux of potassium ions, thus reducing cellular excitability. Heme therefore could be a powerful negative-feedback regulator in brain and muscle function.
Religion and Piety
Authors: Pernau Margrit 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In this chapter the author presents a variety of religious views and the different devotional practices and communities to which they gave rise, as well as the boundary lines and the crossing of boundaries between them. The first section uses the establishment of an annual procession to the shrine of the Sufi Qutb ud Din at Mahrauli to present the devotional culture, the social basis, and the community building of the Chishti Sufi order. The second section looks at the Naqshbandi Sufi order and the reforms in Muslim devotional practice led by Mirza Jan-e Janan and his successors. The third section discusses the school of Shah Wali Ullah and the beginning of a new hardening of the boundaries between the religious communities and shifts in focus and priorities within the communities of Muslims in the nineteenth century.
The 1857 Rebellion
Authors: Pernau Margrit 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Hardly any other event in modern Indian history has been discussed as passionately by contemporaries and later generations as the rebellion of 1857, which threatened, at least briefly, to topple British rule in the Indian subcontinent. The first section of this chapter traces the causes of the revolt. The second section concentrates on the course of events of the revolt in Delhi, that is, the period from May to September 1857. The focus here is on the competing notions of what forms of government were to be established or re-established. The final section investigates the shaping of memories of the rebellion, examining both Indian memoirs and the way the British utilized memories of the ‘mutiny’ until long after the First World War to legitimize and stabilize their rule with images of the culturally superior colonial power and the treacherous and cruel natives.
Emotion and music in narrative films: A neuroscientific perspective
Authors: Kuchinke Lars , Kappelhoff Hermann , Koelsch Stefan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThere are many different ways in which emotions can be elicited by narrative films. This chapter explores neuroscientific perspectives on music as an important factor involved in the evocation of emotion in narrative films. Is there evidence for a visual dominance in viewing a film, so that emotional effects of music only follow the visual experiences? Or can we also find circumstances where musical information dominates the interpretation of film scenes? This chapter reviews evidence from media sciences and experimental psychology that music modulates the emotional experiences induced by a film, often increasing the intensity of such experiences. In addition, recent neuroscientific research is presented that provides the most probable neural bases of these effects, extended by a short review of recent findings in the neuroimaging literature on film and music.
Collaborators and Dissidents: Writing the Hagiographies of the Fifth-century Persecutions
Authors: Wood Philip 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This chapter examines the political context for the first moment of centralization in the Church of the East and the emergence of a patriarchal history. Using the evidence of the synodica (church councils) and the hagiographies (saints’ lives) of prominent martyrs, it examines how there were winners and losers from the close relationship between the shah and the bishop of Ctesiphon. The catholicos’ wish for recognition by the state may have been seen by some as an act of collaboration with a pagan king, and the period was characterized by aggressive Christian proselytism and the destruction of Zoroastrian cult sites. This in turn prompted a substantial counter-reaction by the Sasanian state and a series of small-scale persecutions. But even if the image of a centralized catholicosate was not true at the time it was made, it bequeathed an ideal to his successors that they would attempt to turn into reality.
The Martyrs and the Catholicos: The Acts of the Symeon and Their Reinvention
Authors: Wood Philip 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The second chapter sets out the historiographical context for the emergence of a patriarchal history. It examines the writing of stories of martyrdom in the fifth century that were set during the earlier persecutions of the fourth century. Unlike the controversial missionary martyrs of the fifth century, the ‘greatest’ of the fourth century martyrs was a bishop of Ctesiphon, Simeon bar Sebba’e. His story could represent a vehicle for discussing the relationship between the shah and his Christian subjects, and the chapter traces the shift from total opposition to admission of the shah’s authority within reasonable bounds. Yet, at the same time, the Acts of Simeon were only weakly associated with the office of catholicos, an institution that would form the centre of the patriarchal histories composed at the end of the fifth century.
The Patriarchal Histories: Genesis of a Centralizing Narrative
Authors: Wood Philip 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This chapter proposes the existence of a patriarchal history, composed in Ctesiphon at the end of the fifth century. It argues this on the basis of the contents of the medieval Arabic compilations, of which the Chronicle of Seert is the most prominent, as well as the evidence of the synodica. This patriarchal history represented an attempt by a late fifth-century catholicos to connect himself to an earlier era of state favour in the early fifth century as well as to the era of Simeon and his martyrdom. A centralized catholicosate was, in reality, an ephemeral institution, but this history linked these moments of history to provide a single narrative. The final part of this chapter considers early stories of the deportation of Greek-speaking Christians into the Sasanian Empire.