bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Enhancement of Proton Conductivity for Water Molecular Clusters Stabilized in Interstitial Spaces of Porous Molecular Crystals
Authors: Tadokoro Makoto , Ohata Yuki , Shimazaki Yuriko , Ishimaru Shin'ichi , Yamada Teppei , Nagao Yuki , Sugaya Tomoaki , Isoda Kyosuke , Suzuki Yuta , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Matsui Hiroshi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn an investigation into the proton conductivity of crystallized water clusters confined within low‐dimensional nanoporous materials, we have found that water‐stable nanoporous crystals are formed by complementary hydrogen bonding between [CoIII(H2bim)3]3+ (H2bim: 2,2′‐biimidazole) and TATC3− (1,3,5‐ tricarboxyl‐2,4,6‐triazinate); the O atoms in the COO− groups of TATC3− in the porous outer wall are strongly hydrogen bonded with H2O, forming two types of WMCs (water molecular clusters): a spirocyclic tetramer chain (SCTC) that forms infinite open 1D channels, and an isolated cyclic tetramer (ICT) present in the void space. The ICT is constructed from four H2O molecules as a novel C2‐type WMC, which are hydrogen bonded with four‐, three‐, and two‐coordination spheres, respectively. The largest structural fluctuation is observed at elevated temperatures from the two‐coordinated H2O molecules, which begin to rapidly and isotropically fluctuate on heating. This behavior can be rationalized by a simple model for the elucidation of pre‐melting phenomena, similar to those in ice surfaces as the temperature increases. Moreover, high proton conductivity of SCTCs (ca. 10−5 S cm−1 at 300 K with an activation energy of 0.30 eV) through a proton‐hole mechanism was observed for pellet samples using the alternating impedance method. The proton conductivity exhibits a slight enhancement of about 0.1×10−5 S cm−1 at 274 K due to a structural transition upon approaching this temperature that elongates the unit cell along the b‐axis. The proton‐transfer route can be predicted in WMCs, as O(4) of an H2O molecule at the center of an SCTC shows a motion that rotates the dipole in the b‐axis direction, but not the c‐axis; the thermal ellipsoids of O(4) based on anisotropic temperature factors obtained by X‐ray crystallography reflect a structural fluctuation along the b‐axis direction induced by [CoIII(H2bim)3]3+.
Catalyst‐Directed Diastereo‐ and Site‐Selectivity in Successive Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Allylations of Chiral 1,3‐Diols: Protecting‐Group‐Free Synthesis of Substituted Pyrans
Authors: Shin Inji , Wang Gang , Krische Michael J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe iridium‐catalyzed, protecting group‐free synthesis of 4‐hydroxy‐2,6‐cis‐ or trans‐pyrans through successive nucleophilic and electrophilic allylations of chiral 1,3‐diols occurs with complete levels of catalyst‐directed diastereoselectivity in the absence of protecting groups, premetallated reagents, or discrete alcohol‐to‐aldehyde redox reactions.
A Single‐Wavelength‐Emitting Ratiometric Probe Based on Phototriggered Fluorescence Switching of Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Qu Zhi‐bei , Zhang Min , Zhou Tianshu , Shi Guoyue 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRatiometric fluorescent probes are of great importance in research, because a built‐in correction for environmental effects can be provided to reduce background interference. However, the traditional ratiometric fluorescent probes require two luminescent materials with different emission bands. Herein a novel ratiometric probe based on a single‐wavelength‐emitting material is reported. The probe works by regulating the luminescent property of graphene quantum dots with UV illumination as activator. The ratiometric sensor shows high sensitivity and specificity for iron ions. Moreover, the ratiometric sensor was successfully employed to monitor ferritin levels in Sprague Dawley rats with chemical‐induced acute liver damage. The proposed single‐wavelength ratiometric fluorescent probe may greatly broaden the applicability of ratiometric sensors in diagnostic devices, medical applications, and analytical chemistry.
Metal‐Free Intramolecular Carbocyanation of Alkenes: Catalytic Stereoselective Construction of Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines with Multiple Substituents
Authors: Chen Jianming , Xu Qiuqin , Liao Weiwei 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe first catalytic stereoselective approach to prepare multiple substituted cyclic nitriles by means of a novel metal‐free intramolecular carbocyanation strategy has been developed, which provided an efficient protocol to construct densely functionalized diastereoenriched pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline derivates under mild reaction conditions (up to 20/1 d.r., 98 % yield).
Outcome of patients with negative and unsatisfactory cytologic specimens obtained by endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial fine‐needle aspiration of mediastinal lymph nodes
Authors: Mehta Hiren J. , Tanner Nichole T. , Silvestri Gerard , Simkovich Suzanne M. , Shamblin Clayton , Shaftman Stephanie R. , Nietert Paul J. , Yang Jack 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDEndobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial fine‐needle aspiration (EBUS‐FNA) has gained acceptance as the diagnostic procedure of choice with which to sample hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes (LNs) for diagnosing and staging patients with lung cancer. Studies have shown that EBUS has a high positive predictive value; however, its negative predictive value (NPV) varies significantly. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the clinical outcome surrounding negative and nondiagnostic EBUS‐FNA of mediastinal LNs.METHODSA retrospective chart review of cases of EBUS‐FNA performed between 2008 and the middle of 2011 was conducted. Mediastinal LNs with cytologic diagnoses of negative for malignant cells and unsatisfactory were selected for the study. Each LN was followed for up to 1 year with imaging or biopsy/surgical resection. A true‐negative result was defined as a LN that did not enlarge on repeat imaging or was negative for malignancy on repeat biopsy or surgery during the follow‐up period.RESULTSAmong 1418 LNs sampled, 479 from 228 patients met the search criteria, including 394 LN (82.3%) with the cytologic diagnosis of negative for malignant cells and 85 (17.8%) with a diagnosis of unsatisfactory. A total of 104 patients (45.6%) were followed with imaging, and 124 patients (54.3%) underwent repeat biopsy/surgery. A total of 445 LNs met the definition of a true‐negative finding, resulting in an overall NPV of 92.9% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 90.6%‐95.2%). The NPVs of a negative and unsatisfactory diagnosis were 93.9% (95% CI, 91.6%‐96.3%) and 88.2% (95% CI, 81.4%‐95.1%), respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe vast majority of LNs with a cytologic diagnosis of negative and unsatisfactory were likely to be true‐negative findings. In these patients, a more conservative approach to follow‐up may be appropriate.Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol)2015;123:92–97.©2014 American Cancer Society.
Introducing Mutations to Modify the C13/C9 Ratio in Linoleic Acid Oxygenations Catalyzed by Rabbit 15‐Lipoxygenase: A QM/MM and MD Study
Authors: Suardíaz Reynier , Masgrau Laura , Lluch José M. , González‐Lafont Àngels 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLipoxygenases (LOs) are a family of nonheme iron‐containing enzymes that catalyze the hydroperoxidation of several polyunsaturated fatty acids with a huge regio‐ and stereospecificity. Mammalian 15‐LO‐1 yields almost exclusively oxygenation at the C13 position of the linoleic acid (LA), its preferred substrate. This is very important because metabolites derived from oxidation in distinct positions produce opposite physiological effects. We have combined here quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations with molecular dynamics simulations to show how a suitable mutation of the rabbit 15‐LO‐1 enzyme can produce a significant amount of products derived from oxygenation at the C9 position of LA. In effect, the Leu597Val or Leu597Ala mutants are predicted to lead to a diminution of the oxygenation C13/C9 ratio in LA as huge as five orders of magnitude. This shows that the conserved residue Leu597 actually drives the regiospecific hydroperoxidation of LA catalyzed by 15‐LO‐1 enzyme.
Zinc‐Assisted Hydrodeoxygenation of Biomass‐Derived 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Dimethylfuran
Authors: Saha Basudeb , Bohn Christine M. , Abu‐Omar Mahdi M. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract2,5‐Dimethylfuran (DMF), a promising cellulosic biofuel candidate from biomass derived intermediates, has received significant attention because of its low oxygen content, high energy density, and high octane value. A bimetallic catalyst combination containing a Lewis‐acidic ZnII and Pd/C components is effective for 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) to DMF with high conversion (99 %) and selectivity (85 % DMF). Control experiments for evaluating the roles of zinc and palladium revealed that ZnCl2 alone did not catalyze the reaction, whereas Pd/C produced 60 % less DMF than the combination of both metals. The presence of Lewis acidic component (Zn) was also found to be beneficial for HMF HDO with Ru/C catalyst, but the synergistic effect between the two metal components is more pronounced for the Pd/Zn system than the Ru/Zn. A comparative analysis of the Pd/Zn/C catalyst to previously reported catalytic systems show that the Pd/Zn system containing at least four times less precious metal than the reported catalysts gives comparable or better DMF yields. The catalyst shows excellent recyclability up to 4 cycles, followed by a deactivation, which could be due to coke formation on the catalyst surface. The effectiveness of this combined bimetallic catalyst has also been tested for one‐pot conversion of fructose to DMF.
Antioxidants in frying: Analysis and evaluation of efficacy
Authors: Márquez‐Ruiz Gloria , Ruiz‐Méndez M. Victoria , Velasco Joaquín 
Published: September 2014

The action of antioxidants is well known under room temperature conditions during storage or at the moderate temperatures of the accelerated tests used to measure the oil stability. However, efficacy of antioxidants under frying conditions is far more difficult to be evaluated and defined because availability of air is lower and variable, and both oxidation and thermal reactions are simultaneously involved. This review is focused on the analysis and evaluation of efficacy of antioxidants in frying. Specific aspects of the action of natural and synthetic antioxidants at high temperature are discussed, and the most important methods used for the analysis of antioxidants and their efficacy are described.Addition of dimethylpolysiloxane (DMPS) was highly protective during discontinuous frying. Figure shows formation of polar compounds in high‐linoleic sunflower oil (HLSO) and high‐oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) with and without DMPS during discontinuous frying of potatoes at 180°C. Oil degradation was remarkedly decreased by DMPS addition since it is specifically active during the period in which the oil is not protected from the penetration of oxygen by the steam water from the fried food.
Designing multilayered wire‐grid polarizers using a monochromatic recursive convolution finite‐difference time‐domain algorithm
Authors: Banerjee Saswatee 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMultilayered wire‐grid polarizers (WGP) find application as low‐reflection polarizers in projection‐type liquid crystal display devices. A multilayered WGP is formed by adding thin layers on top of the metal ridges of an ordinary WGP. The ordinary WGP consists of a periodic array of parallel metal ridges, where the period of the array and the width of any individual metal ridge are typically less than the wavelength of the incident light. Such WGPs are often used as efficient polarizers. However, in certain applications, it is important to reduce the reflection from the WGP while preserving the polarization efficiency. One of the ways to achieve this goal is to add thin layers on top of the metal ridges of the ordinary WGP. The reduction in reflection from the multilayered WGP depends on the number and material of these additional layers. In this paper, we describe a design method for multilayered WGPs based on an effective medium theory, thin‐film computation method and a monochromatic recursive convolution finite‐difference time‐domain algorithm. The goal of design process is to identify suitable materials and thicknesses for the additional thin layers needed to lower the reflection appreciably. The design method is explained with the help of bilayered WGPs.
Effect of Cropping System on Physical Properties of Clay Soil Under Intensive Rice Cultivation
Authors: Tran Ba Linh , Le Van Khoa , Van Elsacker Sara , Cornelis Wim M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCropping systems are thought to alter soil quality in paddy rice fields. This study was conducted to quantify the long‐term effects of continuous crop production under different cropping systems with different crop rotations on physical properties of alluvial clay soil in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Soil samples were collected from four treatments: (i) traditional intensive rice monoculture with three rice crops per year (R–R–R); (ii) rotation with two rice crops and maize (R–M–R); (iii) rotation with two rice crops and mung bean (R–Mb–R); and (iv) rotation with one rice and two upland crops, mung bean and maize (R–Mb–M). We hypothesized that cropping systems with rotations of upland crops and their temporary beds improve the physical quality of paddy rice soil; hence, they are better options towards sustainable agriculture. Results show an improvement of soil physical quality for systems with two rice crops and one upland crop (R–M–R and R–Mb–R) and those with one rice crop with two upland crops (R–Mb–M) compared with intensive rice monoculture (R–R–R). This was translated in decreased bulk density and soil strength, increased soil organic carbon and total porosity, and higher aggregate stability index, plant‐available water capacity, and Dexter's S index, especially at depths of 10–20 and 20–30 cm. The systems with different upland crops (maize or mung bean) showed similar high physical quality improvement. To maintain soil quality in future seasons, introducing a cropping system with at least one upland crop in rotation with rice is recommended. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐temporal Digital Photogrammetric Analysis for Quantitative Assessment of Soil Erosion Rates in the Landola Catchment of the Upper Orcia Valley (Tuscany, Italy)
Authors: Aucelli Pietro P. C. , Conforti Massimo , Della Seta Marta , Del Monte Maurizio , D'uva Lorenzo , Rosskopf Carmen M. , Vergari Francesca 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the analysis of the slope and catchment erosion dynamics in a typical Mediterranean context and its sensitivity to recent climatic and socio‐economic changes. The main objective of the present study is to test the reliability of digital photogrammetric analysis to evaluate the time and space evolution of erosion processes mainly triggered by surface running waters and landslides for about the last 60 years. The selected test area is the Landola catchment, a minor tributary of the Upper Orcia River Valley (Southern Tuscany). The Upper Orcia valley is a key site for the comprehension of denudation processes typically acting in Mediterranean badland areas thanks to the following: (i) the availability of long‐lasting erosion monitoring datasets (20 years' long direct measurements at erosion ‘hot spots’); (ii) its representativeness as a sub‐humid Mediterranean badland area; and (iii) the rapidity of development of erosion processes, which makes it suitable as an open‐air laboratory for the study of badland dynamics. The outputs of this work highlight that the application of high‐resolution digital photogrammetric methodologies can represent a powerful and low‐cost tool to evaluate rates and spatial–temporal distribution of denudation processes, as confirmed by the validation through field point monitoring in areas close to the study area. The results obtained for the study area confirm that high erosion rates are a persistent environmental problem for the Upper Orcia Valley, which is not solved up to now, despite various land conservation interventions. The performed multi‐temporal analysis shows a slight decrease in the average water erosion rate during the last 60 years and a parallel increase in the frequency of mass wasting events. These variations are most likely related to a complex interplay between land use changes that have affected the study area during the studied period, revealing a very delicate equilibrium between farming activities and erosion processes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Focal amyotrophy in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Malik Rabia , Irodenko Viktoriya , Zimmermann Lara , Green Ari , Layzer Robert 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The assumption that multiple sclerosis (MS) is purely a white matter disease has been challenged in recent years by observations of axonal damage and neuronal loss in gray matter of the cortex, subcortex, and spinal cord. Methods: We report the case of a 71‐year‐old man with primary progressive MS and longstanding right arm weakness who presented with intermittent right arm pain. Results: Neurological examination showed atrophy, weakness, and hyporeflexia, and electromyography (EMG) showed acute and chronic partial denervation in multiple segments of the right arm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated asymmetric volume loss and increased T2 signal in the right anterior spinal cord from C3 to C7, with no evidence of nerve root compression. Conclusions: Lower motor neuron involvement of his right arm was caused by MS with involvement of either the anterior horn cells or the intraspinal motor nerve roots. Muscle Nerve 51: 137–140, 2015
Skeletal muscle satellite cells: Mediators of muscle growth during development and implications for developmental disorders
Authors: Dayanidhi Sudarshan , Lieber Richard L. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTSatellite cells (SCs) are the muscle stem cells responsible for longitudinal and cross‐sectional postnatal growth and repair after injury and which provide new myonuclei when needed. We review their morphology and contribution to development and their role in sarcomere and myonuclear addition. SCs, similar to other tissue stem cells, cycle through different states, such as quiescence, activation, and self‐renewal, and thus we consider the signaling mechanisms involved in maintenance of these states. The role of the SC niche and their interactions with other cells, such as fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix, are all emerging as major factors that affect aging and disease. Interestingly, children with cerebral palsy appear to have a reduced SC number, which could play a role in their reduced muscular development and even in muscular contracture formation. Finally, we review the current information on SC dysfunction in children with muscular dystrophy and emerging therapies that target promotion of myogenesis and reduction of fibrosis. Muscle Nerve 50: 723–732, 2014
Electromyographic diagnosis of multifocal pyomyositis
Authors: Spolter Yonatan S. , Katirji Bashar , Preston David C. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Multifocal pyomyositis is a rare inflammatory myopathy caused by bacterial infection and abscess formation in multiple skeletal muscles. To date, electromyography (EMG) of pyomyositis has not been reported. Methods: We describe the EMG findings of a patient with pathologically proven multifocal pyomyositis. Results and Conclusions: Muscles affected by pyomyositis demonstrate EMG features similar to those of other inflammatory myopathies. Other features such as acute entrapment neuropathy may exist concomitantly due to nerve compression from muscle abscess formation. Muscle Nerve 51: 293–296, 2015
Assessment of renal function during high‐dose methotrexate treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Ylinen Elisa , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Saarinen‐Pihkala Ulla M. , Jahnukainen Timo 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundHigh‐dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX) is potentially nephrotoxic. The feasibility of novel biomarkers to indicate renal injury due to HD‐MTX infusion was studied in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).ProcedureMarkers for glomerular and tubular injury were evaluated prospectively after HD‐MTX infusion in 20 children with ALL. Plasma creatinine, cystatin C, and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) were measured 24–48 hr before MTX‐infusion and 24, 36, 48, and 72 hr after starting the HD‐MTX treatment, and thereafter daily until the MTX concentration was below 0.1 µmol/L. Urine NGAL, β2‐microglobulin, and creatinine concentrations as well as dipstick and urinalysis were performed at the same time points.ResultsIn children with ALL, HD‐MTX treatment at 5 g/m2 over 24 hr was well tolerated and none of the patients developed significant glomerular or tubular dysfunction. The mean plasma cystatin C level increased significantly (P < 0.001) from 0.83 mg/L at baseline to 0.94 mg/L at 36 hr after starting the HD‐MTX treatment. The cystatin C concentration remained within reference range in all but two patients (10%). There was no significant change in plasma creatinine level during or after HD‐MTX treatment, the values being normal in all patients. Plasma and urea NGAL did not increase during or after the HD‐MTX treatment.ConclusionsOur results suggest that plasma cystatin C concentration alone is a sensitive marker to monitor renal function during and after HD‐MTX infusion in pediatric ALL patients. Plasma or urine NGAL do not provide any further advantage in the follow‐up of these patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:2199–2202. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the effects of flavanoid‐rich purple grape juice on the vascular health of childhood cancer survivors: A randomized, controlled crossover trial
Authors: Blair Cindy K. , Kelly Aaron S. , Steinberger Julia , Eberly Lynn E. , Napurski Char , Robien Kim , Neglia Joseph P. , Mulrooney Daniel A. , Ross Julie A. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundChildhood cancer survivors have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease following treatment, yet few interventions have been evaluated to reduce this risk. Purple grape juice (pGJ), a rich source of flavonoids with antioxidant properties, has been shown in adults to reduce oxidative stress and improve endothelial function. We examined the effects of supplementing meals with pGJ on microvascular endothelial function and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in 24 cancer survivors (ages 10–21 years).ProcedureIn a randomized controlled crossover trial consisting of two, 4 week intervention periods, each preceded by a 4 week washout period, subjects received in random order 6 ounces twice daily of pGJ and clear apple juice (cAJ; similar in calories but lower in flavonoids). Measurements were obtained before and after each supplementation period; change was evaluated using mixed effects ANOVA.ResultspGJ did not improve endothelial function, measured using digital reactive hyperemia, compared with cAJ (mean change: pGJ 0.06, cAJ 0.22; difference of mean change [95% CI]: −0.16 [−0.42 – 0.11], P = 0.25). No significant changes in plasma concentrations of oxidized‐LDL, myeloperoxidase, or high sensitivity C‐reactive protein were observed.ConclusionAfter 4 weeks of daily consumption of flavonoid‐rich pGJ, no measurable change in vascular function was observed in these childhood cancer survivors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:2290–2296. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.