bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract P3-02-13: ANALYSIS OF INFRASTRUCTURE FOR MAMMOGRAPHY SCREENING IN THE STATE OF GOIAS, BRAZIL, 2010
Authors: Freitas-Junior R , Correa RS , Peixoto J-E , Rodrigues DCN , Rahal RMS 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Objective: Assess the infrastructure for mammography screening in the state of Goiás, Brazil, taking into consideration the quality of the image generated by the equipment and the dose received by the patients, according to the type of technology (conventional and digital mammography).
Methods: Cross-sectional study in which the observational units were the diagnostic imaging services that were in operation in 2010. In an in loco visit, we collected information on the equipment and performed tests to assess quality of the image, accuracy values for tube tension, quality of X-ray beam, and dose at the simulator entrance. The percentage of mammography equipments in conformity with the parameters evaluated was calculated, and the mean glandular tissue dose (Dg) was estimated based on the dose at the simulator entrance. To assess quality of the image and the radiation dose, we used a standard breast simulator (5.3 cm thickness and 50% glandular tissue).
Results: In 2010, 102 services were in operation, using 106 equipments. Among these, 100 (94.3%) – 64 conventional and 36 digital mammography equipments – had their performance and dose assessed. The visualization of fibers (p = 0.044) and the dose at the simulator entrance (p = 0.042) were the parameters that presented differences between the types of technology.

The mean dose at the simulator entrance was 9.75 mGy (± 2.46) in conventional and 14.93 mGy (± 8.39) in digital equipments (p &lt; 0.001); 12% of the conventional and 50% of the digital equipments presented Dg above the limit established by the European guidelines.
Conclusion: The infrastructure for mammography screening in the state of Goias, Brazil, in 2010 presented acceptable quality standard according to international guidelines. However, the radiation doses were heterogeneous between the two types of technology, with a predominance of higher doses in digital equipments.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-02-13.
Abstract P3-05-09: The role of TGF-beta receptor type 3 in breast cancer progression
Authors: Jovanovic B , Ashby WJ , Zijlstra A , Pietenpol JA , Moses HL 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Breast cancer is a diverse group of diseases. Gene expression profiling has identified luminal A, luminal B, Her2-like, Normal breast-like and Basal-like as major classifications of breast cancer diseases. These correlate to the overall patient survival with the basal-like subtype, clinically termed as triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), demonstrating the poorest overall outcome. The poor patient outcome is primarily due to absence of hormonal receptor targets ER, PR and HER2 which are the major drug-targets for currently available therapies. Considering that TNBC lacks well-defined molecular targets, our group pursued extensive genomic molecular and biological analysis of over 500 tumor tissues from TNBC patients. Ultimately, this led to the discovery of six, TNBC subtypes; among which are Mesenchymal-Stem Like (MSL) and Mesechymal (M). These two subtypes share a unique biological driver, the TGF-beta pathway.
To gain insight into the role of the TGF-β pathway signaling in TNBC we have performed gene expression analysis on all six TNBC subtypes. A major finding was that among all TGF-β pathway-associated genes, TGF-beta receptor type 3 (TBR3) is most differentially expressed in MSL and M tumor subtypes of TNBC. Based on these findings, we are hypothesizing that TBR3 is required for maintenance of tumorigenicity in MSL and M subtypes of the triple-negative breast cancer.
In order to test our hypothesis we have screened 15 TNBC cell lines for both RNA and protein levels of TBR3 and validated that TBR3 is differentially expressed in M and MSL subtypes. Furthermore, we have manipulated TBR3 expression in M and MSL TNBC cell lines and tested their ‘biologies’ using both an in vitro and in vivo model systems. Preliminary results indicate that upon silencing TBR3 expression, cell motility as well as ability to cluster together in 3D culture system is significantly changed. In addition, our xenograft mouse model also demonstrated a significant change in tumor onset and growth.
We are interested in validating the prognostic and functional contribution of TBR3 to the breast cancer progression. The results of this study will provide insight into the potential use of the TGF-β signaling axis for prognostic or therapeutic utility in breast cancer patients.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-05-09.
Abstract P3-07-03: The impact of Carcinoma in situ of the breast and family history on risk of subsequent breast cancer events and mortality - a population based study from Sweden
Authors: Sackey H , Hui M , Czene K , Edgren G , Frisell J , Hartman M 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the long-term risk of subsequent breast cancer and mortality among women diagnosed with carcinoma in situ of the breast.
Patients and Methods: Using the population-based Swedish Multi-Generation and Cancer Registers we selected 8,111 women diagnosed with in situ breast cancer between 1980 and 2004. We estimated the relative risks of subsequent ipsi- and contralateral invasive breast cancer or a contalateral in situ expressed as standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), in relation to age, year, time since diagnosis and family history (1st degree relative) for breast cancer. The relative risk of death was expressed as standardized mortality ratio, (SMR).
Results: Of 8,111 women identified with first in situ, 859 had a family history for breast cancer. The overall risk of a subsequent invasive breast cancer is over four fold and the risk for contralateral in situ breasts cancer was almost seven fold, compared with the risk in healthy women.

Women with a family history had almost a 50% increased risk for a contralateral invasive breast cancer, IRR 1.49 (95% CI 1.06–2.09) compared to women without, but had no increased risk for a contralateral in situ cancer or ipsilateral invasive breast cancer.
The risk for subsequent breast cancer decreased over time after diagnosis, but still 15 years after first in situ diagnosis the risk was over three times higher compared to the general population. Women below 40 years at diagnosis had the highest risk for a subsequent breast event, SIR 8.54 (95% CI 6.07–11.67).
The overall mortality for women with no second invasive event was the same as for women in the general population, SIR 1.01 (95% CI 0.95–1.08). Women below 50 years at first in situ diagnosis, with a second invasive cancer, had a higher mortality compare to women above 50 years, SIR 8.3 (95% CI 5.38–11.54) and SIR 1.70 (95% CI 1.39–2.06) respectively.
Conclusion: The risk for a subsequent invasive breast cancer, as well as mortality was substantially higher in younger women, which should be taken into account when planning their treatment and follow-up. Family history did not increase the risk for a subsequent ipsilateral invasive cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-03.
Abstract P4-01-07: The Relationship of Breast Density in Mammography and Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging in a High Risk Population
Authors: Chun J , Refinetti AP , Schnabel F , Leite AP , Price A , Billig J , Schwartz S , Moy L 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background: Mammographic breast density (BD) is associated with a 4 to 6-fold increased risk for developing breast cancer. Increased breast density on mammography is also known to decrease the diagnostic sensitivity of the exam, which is of great concern to women at increased risk for breast cancer. There is well-established medical literature describing the benefit of MRI in screening high risk women. A previous study has shown that background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) as measured on MRI can be correlated with breast cancer risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between BD, BPE, and FGT (assessment of the amount of fibroglandular tissue with contiguous MR images through both breasts) in pre and post-menopausal women who are at high risk for developing breast cancer.
Methods: The High Risk Breast Cancer Consortium (HRBCC) database at NYU Langone Medical Center was queried for our study population. A total of 56 women had both screening mammograms and MRIs completed at our center. Variables of interest included BD, BPE, FGT, BMI, Gail scores, and menopausal status. BD was defined by ACR classifications 1–4. FGT was assessed on a similar scale 1–4. BPE was categorized as minimal, mild, moderate, or marked. BMI (kg/m2) was grouped into 4 categories: underweight (≤18), normal (19–24), overweight (25–29), and obese (≥30). Statistical analyses were performed using Spearman Correlation Coefficients.
Results: The median age in our cohort was 48 years (range 24–70 years). The majority of women were Caucasian (74%) with a median 5-year Gail score of 3.35. There was no correlation between BD and BPE (r = 0.08) and BPE and FGT (r = 0.18). However, there was a moderate positive correlation between BD and FGT (r = 0.65). When we stratified by menopausal status, the correlation for BD and FGT was stronger for post-menopausal women (r = 0.73) versus premenopausal women (r = 0.57). When we stratified by BMI, we found a stronger positive association for BD and FGT among women who were overweight and obese (r = 0.62).

Conclusions: In our study cohort of patients at high risk for developing breast cancer, BD and BPE were not correlated, even after adjusting for menopausal status. This implies that BD and BPE may represent different characteristics of breast tissue and may have different implications. We found a strong correlation between BD and FGT. This association was strongest in women who were overweight and obese. FGT is a more objective and quantitative measurement of breast density and may be more useful in quantitative breast cancer risk assessment. Further studies are necessary to determine if BPE and FGT are independent risk factors for breast cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-01-07.
Abstract P4-01-12: Compliance with Recommended Follow-Up after MRI-guided Core Needle Biopsy of Suspicious Breast Lesions: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Thompson MO , Lipson JA , Daniel BL , Harrigal CL , Mullarkey PJ , Ikeda DM 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess patient compliance with recommended follow-up after MRI-guided core needle biopsy and investigate the reasons why patients did not comply with their recommended MRI imaging follow-up.
Materials and Methods: A HIPAA compliant retrospective review was performed of 576 MRI-guided core needle biopsies between 2007–2010 with IRB approval and waiver of informed consent. Of 576 biopsies, 73.3% (422/576) were compliant and 26.7% (154/576) were noncompliant with follow-up recommendations and composed this study. Imaging and surgical planning was determined by comparing imaging findings, clinical findings, and biopsy histology.
Results: Out of 135 lesions in patients noncompliant with follow-up imaging, 50.4% (68/135) were referred for biopsy by non-affiliated physicians, 41.5% (56/135) received a screening MRI, and 40.3% (56/135) were a focus or foci. Referring physicians provided information regarding the follow-up status of 88/154 (57%) lesions in noncompliant patients, of which 44/88 (50%) were followed by mammogram instead of MRI. Among compliant patients, 7/178 (3.9%) lesions seen on follow-up MRI were found to be high risk or malignant.
Conclusion: Compliance with follow-up MRI recommendation after core needle biopsy is low. Three characteristics were found to be associated with noncompliance with follow-up imaging: referral from non-affiliated physician, screening MRI, and a focus lesion. Moreover, patients who do not comply with recommended MRI follow-up are more likely to have follow-up mammography. Follow-up imaging among compliant patients found high-risk lesions and malignancy. Facilities performing MRI-guided core biopsies should therefore be aware of a high risk of noncompliance with follow-up.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-01-12.
Abstract P4-02-06: Molecular imaging with trastuzumab and pertuzumab of HER2-positive breast cancer in mice: a step towards personalized medicine
Authors: Collin B , Oudot A , Vrigneaud J-M , Moreau M , Raguin O , Duchamp O , Tizon X , Denat F , Varoqueaux N , Brunotte F , Fumoleau P 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Introduction: The accurate and reliable assessment of HER2 status is an essential step in the diagnostic workup and selection of targeted treatment strategy in breast cancer patients. However, current ex vivo methods do not evaluate HER2 status possible discordance between primary tumor and distant metastases, nor immediate response to therapeutic intervention. Non-invasive imaging of HER2 expression could be a relevant alternative with additional benefits such as a better selection of patients for HER2-targeted therapies and the possible optimization of treatment strategies. Recent clinical trials suggest a better efficacy of trastuzumab/pertuzumab doublet but a lower activity of pertuzumab monotherapy over trastuzumab alone.
Aim: The aim of our study was therefore to evaluate preclinically the use of radiolabeled DOTAGA (2, 2′, 2″-(10-(2,6-dioxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetic acid) conjugated trastuzumab and pertuzumab for SPECT/CT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography) HER2 imaging purposes.
Methods: Trastuzumab and pertuzumab were conjugated to a new bifunctional chelating agent: DOTAGA anhydride (DOTA analog) and subsequently radiolabeled with the gamma-emitter Indium 111. The functionality of [111In]-DOTAGA-antibodies analogs was evaluated by in vitro saturation assays using HER2-overexpressing human breast cancer cell line (HCC1954). In vivo biodistribution was studied by SPECT/CT imaging at 24h, 48h and 72h after intravenous injection of [111In]-DOTAGA-antibodies in subcutaneous BT474 tumor-bearing rodents.
Results: [111In]-DOTAGA-trastuzumab and [111In]-DOTAGA-pertuzumab showed respectively 2.6 and 2.7 DOTAGA/antibody. Both [111In]-DOTAGA-trastuzumab and [111In]-DOTAGA-pertuzumab achieved a radiochemical purity &gt; 95%. Biological activity of [111In]-DOTAGA-trastuzumab and [111In]-DOTAGA-pertuzumab was maintained: the affinity determined on HER2 expressing HCC1954 cell lines, was 5.5 and 5.6 nM. SPECT/CT imaging experiments in tumor-bearing rodents and gamma-counting of organs both showed that at 72h post-injection, more than 60 % of the activity was localized in the tumor (66.9±0.9 %ID/g for [111In]-DOTAGA-trastuzumab and 63.8±6.3 %ID/g for [111In]-DOTAGA-pertuzumab) and that an excess of non-radiolabeled corresponding antibody significantly shifted down tumor-targeting (to 17.6±2.4 %ID/g for [111In]-DOTAGA-trastuzumab and 8.7±0.8 %ID/g for [111In]-DOTAGA-pertuzumab.
Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a similar HER2 binding of trastuzumab and pertuzumab. Both radiolabeled [111In]-DOTAGA-trastuzumab and [111In]-DOTAGA-pertuzumab should be considered and might be promising tools for molecular imaging diagnosis of HER2 overexpression in breast cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-06.
Abstract P4-03-01: Distance of breast cancer from the skin influence axillary nodal metastasis
Authors: Kim EJ , Chae BJ , Song BJ , Kwak HY , Chang EY , Kim SH , Jung SS 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background: In breast cancer, axillary lymph node status is one of the most important prognostic variables and a crucial component to the staging system. Moreover, cancers underlying skin are willing to access to the lymphatics and cause lymphatic dissemination. Therefore, there seems an association between proximity of breast cancer to the skin and the incidence of axillary node positivity or local recurrence.
The aim of this study was to determine whether distance of breast cancers from the skin affects the the clinical and pathologic features including the likelihood of axillary nodal metastases, ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence, and recurrence free survival.
Methods: Between January 2003 and December 2009, data were collected prospectively regarding 1005 consecutive breast cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment. The exclusion criteria were non-invasive carcinoma (e.g. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ), prior breast surgery, previous radiotherapy or neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and previous endocrine therapy. The distance of the tumor from the skin surface was measured from the skin to the most anterior hypoechoic leading edge of the lesion.
Results: A total of 891 patients were included in the statistical analysis, 603(68%) had no axillary nodal metastasis, 288(32%) had axillary nodal metastasis. Distance of breast cancer from the skin less than 3mm induced more axillary nodal metastasis (P = 0.039). However, there was no statistical significant correlation between distance of breast cancer from the skin less than 3mm and ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (P = 0.788) or recurrence-free survival (P = 0.353).
Conclusion: Breast cancers located closer to the skin have a higher incidence of axillary nodal metastasis. When evaluating a breast cancer patient and considering the risk of nodal metastasis the distance of the tumor from the skin should be considered.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-03-01.
Abstract P4-06-19: Astemizole and calcitriol: A novel targeted therapeutic strategy for breast cancer
Authors: García J , García R , Villanueva O , Santos N , Barrera D , Avila E , Ordaz D , Halhali A , Camacho J , Larrea F , Díaz L 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Calcitriol antiproliferative effects include inhibition of the oncogenic ether-à-go-go-1 potassium channel (Eag1), which expression and activity are necessary for cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. Astemizole, a new promising antineoplastic drug, targets Eag1 by blocking ion currents. In vitro, we showed that astemizole synergized calcitriol antiproliferative effects by downregulating CYP24A1, the enzyme that degrades calcitriol, and upregulating the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which mediates calcitriol actions. In this study we investigated the antineoplastic effect of astemizole and calcitriol in a murine model xenografted with T-47D and invasive ductal carcinoma-derived breast cancer cells (IDC). Tumor-bearing nude mice were treated with oral astemizole (50 mg/kg/day) and/or i.p. calcitriol (30 μg/kg/twice a week) during 3 weeks. Astemizole and calcitriol significantly inhibited, while the coadministration of both drugs further reduced, tumor growth compared to untreated controls. These results were supported by immunohistochemistry studies of Ki-67, a proliferation marker, which revealed less staining in tumors from mice with the co-treatment compared to controls and calcitriol or astemizole alone. In a similar manner as reported in vitro, we observed that the concomitant administration of astemizole and calcitriol upregulated VDR tumor expression (P &lt; 0.05).
Conclusion: Coadministration of calcitriol and astemizole increased the antineoplastic effects of both drugs. Our results indicate that astemizole may improve calcitriol bioactivity by upregulating tumoral VDR. In addition, the findings in this study suggest that VDR-negative tumors could be sensitized to calcitriol antineoplastic effects by concomitant administration with astemizole, which would also allow for less calcitriol dosing without sacrificing overall therapeutic efficacy. Herein we suggest a novel combined adjuvant therapy for the management of breast cancer tumors. These results provide scientific bases for further studies designed to test both compounds simultaneously in patients bearing solid or metastatic tumors.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-19.
Abstract P4-07-04: Methioninase cell-cycle synchronization potentiates chemotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Yano S , Li S , Han Q , Tan Y , Fujiwara T , Hoffman RM 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Deprivation of methionine selectively arrests cancer cells during late S-phase (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 7306–7310, 1980; Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Reviews on Cancer 738, 49–87, 1984), where they are highly sensitive to chemotherapy drugs which damage DNA (J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 76, 629–639, 1986). Cancer cells, transformed to express different color fluorescent reporters during specific phases of the cell cycle (Cell 132, 487–498, 2008), were used to monitor the onset of the S/G2-phase block due to methionine deprivation effected by recombinant methioninase (rMETase). The S/G2-phase blocked cancer cells fluoresced yellow or green in contrast to cancer cells in G1 which fluoresced red. Cancer cells, including MCF-7 breast cancer, synchronously blocked in S/G2-phase by rMETase, were identified by their yellow-green fluorescence and allowed to accumulate to the maximum extent. At the point of maximum yellow/green cells in the culture, the cells were administered chemotherapy drugs which interact with DNA or block DNA synthesis such as doxorubicin. We termed this procedure color-coded chemotherapy (CCC). CCC was highly effective against the cancer cells (90% cell kill). In contrast, treatment of cancer cells with drugs only, and without rMETase-effected S/G2-phase synchrony, led to the majority of the cancer cell population being blocked in G1 phase (red fluorescent) where they were resistant to the drugs (40% cell kill). CCC, which identifies, by fluorescent color, when cancer cells are blocked in S/G2-phase by a unique cell-cycle-blocking agent, rMETase, demonstrates the potential of cell-synchronization-based chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-07-04.