bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface enhanced Raman scattering on Tardigrada – towards monitoring and imaging molecular structures in live cryptobiotic organisms
Authors: Kneipp Harald , Møbjerg Nadja , Jørgensen Aslak , Bohr Henrik G. , Hélix‐Nielsen Claus , Kneipp Janina , Kneipp Katrin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTardigrades are microscopic metazoans which are able to survive extreme physical and chemical conditions by entering a stress tolerant state called cryptobiosis. At present, the molecular mechanisms behind cryptobiosis are still poorly understood. We show that surface enhanced Raman scattering supported by plasmonic gold nanoparticles can measure molecular constituents and their local distribution in live tardigrades. Surface enhanced Raman signatures allow to differentiate between two species and indicate molecular structural differences between tardigrades in water and in a dry state. This opens new avenues for exploring cryptobiosis by studying molecular changes in live cryptobiotic organisms. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparative morphology of porpoise (cetacea: Phocoenidae) pterygoid sinuses: Phylogenetic and functional implications
Authors: Racicot Rachel A. , Berta Annalisa 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCover illustration. CTreconstruction of a Phocoena skull in anterior view; bone is rendered transparent and the pterygoid sinuses rendered in blue. High‐resolution X‐ray computed tomographic scans can be used to examine sinusoids within the vertebrate skull. In this issue of the Journal of Morphology Racicot and Berta employ CT imaging to study the pterygoid sinus morphology within extant porpoise species and one delphinid (pp. 49–62). The main goals of that study are: 1) detect intraspecific and interspecific variation among the studied species; 2) find the most parsimonious sequence of character acquisition; and 3) determine the potential functional roles of the preorbital lobes of the sinuses in sound reflection. The results of this study reinforce the importance of using nondestructive methods to quantify variation in endocranial anatomy and the value of CT data for recovering phylogenetically relevant information, as well as for analyzing the functional roles sinuses play in concert with the soft tissue head anatomy for biosonar.
When the abuse is unevenly distributed: The effects of abusive supervision variability on work attitudes and behaviors
Authors: Ogunfowora Babatunde 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe present study examined the consequences of a dispersion‐based conceptualization of unit‐level abusive supervision or abusive supervision variability. Abusive supervision variability was proposed to negatively affect a number of employee attitudes and behaviors through the mediating effects of interpersonal justice climate strength. The results revealed significant cross‐level effects such that abusive supervision variability was negatively related to individual perceptions of leader ethicality, organizational ethicality, leader satisfaction, and affective organizational commitment. These effects remained robust after controlling for individual‐level abusive supervision. Abusive supervision variability was also positively related to the frequency with which unit members as a whole engaged in counterproductive work behaviors. Last, the results revealed partial support for the mediating effects of interpersonal justice climate strength. In sum, the findings highlight the importance of examining abusive supervision at both the individual and unit levels of analyses. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proactive and reactive helping: Contrasting the positive consequences of different forms of helping
Authors: Spitzmuller Matthias , Van Dyne Linn 
Published: December 2012

SummaryResearch on helping has identified positive consequences of helping for the helper, beneficiary, group, and organization. Recent research, however, raises concerns about contingencies that influence the outcomes of helping and suggests the need for a more nuanced perspective on the positive outcomes of helping. In this paper, we develop a novel theoretical perspective to address these contingencies by differentiating between proactive helping and reactive helping. Drawing from the two main theoretical frameworks, which have been used as the basis for studying helping—social exchange theory and functional motives theory—we discuss differences in the positive consequences of reactive and proactive helping for helpers, dyads, groups, and organizations. We submit that reactive helping facilitates heedful relationships, such that it creates and perpetuates social exchange norms that benefit others in the group. Conversely, we posit that proactive helping is often based on fulfilling personal needs, such that it benefits the self in terms of reputational benefits, well‐being, favorable self‐evaluations, need satisfaction, and self‐development. We discuss theoretical implications of this framework for future research on the positive consequences of helping. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulatory Control of Energy Drinks Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Wegert K. , Monakhova Y. B. , Kuballa T. , Reusch H. , Winkler G. , Lachenmeier D. W. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract400 MHz 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used in the context of food surveillance to control the regulatory limits of selected constituents of energy drinks. The preparation of the samples required only degassing, addition of 0.1 % of TSP in D2O for locking and referencing and phosphate buffer (pH 4.0) for chemical shifts adjustment. The quantification of caffeine, glucuronolactone, taurine and inositol was simultaneously possible using external calibration curves and applying TSP as internal standard. The applicability of the method was proven by analysis of 73 samples of energy drinks. The average caffeine concentration was 0.30 g/L, which is below the maximum limit of 0.32 g/L.
Rapid determination of 4‐methylimidazole in caramel colours using 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Monakhova Y. B. , Schlee C. , Kuballa T. , Schneider R. , Lachenmeier D. W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA method utilizing 1H NMR spectroscopy has been developed to measure the concentration of 4‐methylimidazole in caramel colours used as food additive (E150a‐d). For sample preparation, a very simple dilution with water‐ethanol mixture and addition of internal standard is sufficient. 4‐Methylimidazole produces a distinct peak of the methyl group of the molecule in the δ 2.27–2.25 ppm range, where it can be distinguished from other matrix compounds. The method was shown to be of adequate sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.0 mg/L adequate to control the 4‐methylimidazole regulatory limit. The developed method was applied for the analysis of 7 authentic food colourings. Only two products (E150d) contained detectable concentrations of 4‐methylimidazole (662 mg/kg and 401 mg/kg). The NMR method may be used by governmental or industry laboratories for routine control of food colourings.
1H NMR screening of pharmacologically active substances in weight‐loss supplements being sold online
Authors: Monakhova Y. B. , Kuballa T. , Löbell‐Behrends S. , Hengen J. , Maixner S. , Kohl‐Himmelseher M. , Ruge W. , Lachenmeier D. W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWeight‐loss or slimming food supplements may be adulterated with synthetic pharmaceuticals, such as anorectic, anxiolytic and antidepressant compounds, especially when sold over the internet. An NMR screening method to detect these pharmacologically active compounds in slimming products is introduced in this study. As a first step, we gathered NMR‐related information (chemical shifts, multiplicity) both from the scientific literature and own theoretical spectra prediction for 53 substances, which are likely to be illegally present in weight‐loss products. The experimental strategy consists of dissolving the samples in a proper solvent (most commonly ethanol) and manually comparing each observed chemical shift with table values and thus identifying possible adulteration. A compound is considered to be identified if all the compound's resonances were present with correct multiplicity (finally confirmed by J‐resolved 2D spectra). The method has been introduced in routine practise in our institute and we have already detected sibutramine, caffeine and L‐carnitine in slimming products. Furthermore, quantification can be conducted by simple integration of a target resonance in comparison with the internal reference standard (e. g., TSP), or by using standard solutions (when available). We believe that NMR is ideally suited to controlling dietary supplements as it provides qualitative and at least semi‐quantitative information more rapidly (measurement time of about 20 min) than with any other currently available spectroscopic or chromatographic method. Future research regarding the automation of spectral processing and inclusion of non‐targeted analysis is necessary.
Carbohydrates as Additives for the Formation of Isoporous PS‐b‐P4VP Diblock Copolymer Membranes
Authors: Clodt Juliana Isabel , Rangou Sofia , Schröder Anne , Buhr Kristian , Hahn Janina , Jung Adina , Filiz Volkan , Abetz Volker 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHighly porous polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) diblock copolymer membranes are prepared using carbohydrates as additives. Therefore α‐cyclodextrine, α‐(D)‐glucose, and saccharose (cane sugar) are tested for the membrane formation of three different PS‐b‐P4VP polymers. The addition of the carbohydrates leads to an increasing viscosity of the membrane solutions due to hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups of the carbohydrates and pyridine units of the block copolymer. In all cases, the membranes made from solution with carbohydrates have higher porosity, an improved narrow pore distribution on the surface and a higher water flux as membranes made without carbohydrates with the same polymer, solvent ratio, and polymer concentration.
Categorization of Occupation in Documented Skeletal Collections: Its Relevance for the Interpretation of Activity‐Related Osseous Changes
Authors: Perréard Lopreno Geneviève , Alves Cardoso Francisca , Assis Sandra , Milella Marco , Speith Nivien 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTStudies on identified skeletal collections yield discordant results about the association between osseous changes and activity. These dissonances can be ascribed to several factors: the variability of the osseous changes selected for observation, the inconsistency of their interpretative criteria and the inhomogeneous classification of occupation, here used as synonym of profession, within each study. The need to standardize the concept of occupation in its biomechanical and socio‐cultural expression is currently addressed by the authors, as members of a working group created after the workshop ‘Musculoskeletal Stress Markers (MSM): limitations and achievements in the reconstruction of past activity patterns’ (Coimbra University, 2009). Within this framework, the authors reviewed the literature dedicated to entheseal changes and functional adaptation of long bones, focusing their research on studies based on European identified skeletal collections and on the criteria used in each study to classify occupations. The aim of this research was to (i) assess agreements and disagreements between authors with regard to the criteria used to categorize occupation, and (ii) highlight the steps needed to build a classification system permitting future comparisons between collections of different chronological and geographical contexts. Data from the literature were exported to a table including the assessment criteria used to classify the occupation for each profession and the assignment of specific occupations to occupational categories. Overall, our results revealed two main issues: an ambiguous historical interpretation of occupation and a marked influence of the researcher's perspective on the criteria used to classify occupations. Therefore, although the table allows basic comparisons between collections, further research is needed in order to obtain shared classifications based on each profession's specifics. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating the robust domain of attraction and directional enlargement of attraction domain via Markov models
Authors: Moghaddam R.K. , Pariz N. , Shanechi H.M. , Kamyad A.V. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a new approach for estimating the robust domain of attraction (RDA) and directional enlargement of the DA for dynamical systems. The proposed method analyzes stability of dynamical systems by Markov modeling and employs invariant measure as the stability indicator. Markov chains analysis focuses on asymptotic behaviors of systems and ignores the transient ones. The proposed method expresses the problem of estimating RDA and directional enlargement of DA as an infinite dimensional linear problem. The resulting linear problem is converted to a finite dimensional optimization problem using approximated Markov transition function. As a novel application, the directional enlargement of DA is used in order to increase the critical clearing time of power systems. The efficiency of proposed methods is shown via simulations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinct sites of renal fibrosis in Crim1 mutant mice arise from multiple cellular origins
Authors: Phua Yu Leng , Martel Nick , Pennisi David J , Little Melissa H , Wilkinson Lorine 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCrim1 is a transmembrane protein that regulates the bioavailability of growth factors such as VEGFA. Crim1KST264/KST264 hypomorphic mice develop renal disease characterized by glomerular cysts and loss of endothelial integrity, progressing to peritubular and pericystic fibrosis. Peritubular capillary endothelial cells display morphological changes as well as detachment from the basement membrane. In this study, gene expression profiling of CD31+ endothelial cells isolated from Crim1KST264/KST264 kidneys showed up‐regulation of transcripts associated with fibrosis (Col3a1, Loxl1), endothelial dysfunction (Abp1, Dcn, Lcn2), biomarkers of renal damage (Lcn2, Havcr1/Kim1) as well as evidence for a TGFβ1/TNF‐associated inflammatory process. To determine whether the aberrant endothelium may in part contribute to the fibrogenic process, Tie2Cre‐DsRed lineage tracing was undertaken in Crim1KST264/KST264 mice. Approximately 31% of de novo αSMA+ myofibroblasts detected within the tubulointerstitium were Tie2+DsRed+. However, 5.3% were F4/80+DsRed+, indicating a small population of myofibroblasts of monocytic rather than endothelial origin. In contrast, only 12% of myofibroblasts located around glomerular cysts were Tie2+DsRed+, with 7.7% being monocyte‐derived (F4/80+DsRed+). Collectively, this model supports the involvement of endothelial cells/monocytes in fibrosis within the tubulointerstitium, but also the heterogeneity of the fibrotic process even within distinct regions of the same kidney. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UPLC–Q‐TOF–HDMS Analysis of Constituents in the Root of Two Kinds of Aconitum Using a Metabolomics Approach
Authors: Sun Hui , Wang Mo , Zhang Aihua , Ni Bei , Dong Hui , Wang Xijun 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionMetabolomics is an 'omics' approach that aims to comprehensively analyse all metabolites in a biological sample, and has great potential for directly elucidating plant metabolic processes. Increasing evidence supports the view that plants produce a broad range of low‐molecular‐weight secondary metabolites responsible for variation from species to species, thus enabling the use of secondary metabolite profiling in the chemotaxonomy.ObjectiveTo gain deeper insights into the metabolites to increasing plant diversity, we performed systematic untargeted metabolite profiling to exploit the different parts and species of Aconitum as a case study.MethodApplication of ultraperformance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight–high‐definition mass spectrometry (UPLC–QTOF–HDMS) equipped with electrospray ionisation and coupled with pattern recognition analyses to study constituents in the root of two kinds of Aconitum species.ResultsTwenty‐two metabolites between the mother root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx (CHW) and lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx (SFZ) and 13 metabolites between the CHW and root of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb (CW) have been identified. Of note, songorine, carmichaeline and isotalatizidine did not exist in CW, whereas they are present in the SFZ and CHW.ConclusionMetabolomics based UPLC–QTOF–HDMS with multivariate statistical models was effective for analysis of constituents in the root of two kinds of Aconitum species. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Afghan immigrant women's knowledge and behaviors around breast cancer screening
Authors: Shirazi Mehra , Bloom Joan , Shirazi Aida , Popal Rona 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis community‐based participatory research was conducted to provide a preliminary understanding of how Afghan women in Northern California view their breast health.MethodsResults were based on demographics and in‐depth semi‐structured interviews conducted with 53 non‐English‐speaking first‐generation immigrant Muslim Afghan women 40 years and older.ResultsFindings showed low levels of knowledge and awareness about breast cancer and low utilization of early‐detection examinations for breast cancer among participants.ConclusionsThe findings also suggest a significant need for a community‐based breast health education program that recognizes the unique social, cultural, and religious dynamics of the Muslim Afghan community. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chimeragenesis of distantly‐related proteins by noncontiguous recombination
Authors: Smith Matthew A. , Romero Philip A. , Wu Timothy , Brustad Eric M. , Arnold Frances H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe introduce a method for identifying elements of a protein structure that can be shuffled to make chimeric proteins from two or more homologous parents. Formulating recombination as a graph‐partitioning problem allows us to identify noncontiguous segments of the sequence that should be inherited together in the progeny proteins. We demonstrate this noncontiguous recombination approach by constructing a chimera of β‐glucosidases from two different kingdoms of life. Although the protein's alpha–beta barrel fold has no obvious subdomains for recombination, noncontiguous SCHEMA recombination generated a functional chimera that takes approximately half its structure from each parent. The X‐ray crystal structure shows that the structural blocks that make up the chimera maintain the backbone conformations found in their respective parental structures. Although the chimera has lower β‐glucosidase activity than the parent enzymes, the activity was easily recovered by directed evolution. This simple method, which does not rely on detailed atomic models, can be used to design chimeras that take structural, and functional, elements from distantly‐related proteins.
Mutations for decreasing the immunogenicity and maintaining the function of core streptavidin
Authors: Yumura Kyohei , Ui Mihoko , Doi Hirofumi , Hamakubo Takao , Kodama Tatsuhiko , Tsumoto Kouhei , Sugiyama Akira 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe defining property of core streptavidin (cSA) is not only its high binding affinity for biotin but also its pronounced thermal and chemical stability. Although potential applications of these properties including therapeutic methods have prompted much biological research, the high immunogenicity of this bacterial protein is a key obstacle to its clinical use. To this end, we have successfully constructed hypoimmunogenic cSA muteins in a previous report. However, the effects of these mutations on the physicochemical properties of muteins were still unclear. These mutations retained the similar electrostatic charges to those of wild‐type (WT) cSA, and functional moieties with similar hydrogen bond pattern. Herein, we performed isothermal titration calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to gain insight into the physicochemical properties and functions of these modified versions of cSA. The results indicated that the hypoimmunogenic muteins retained the biotin‐binding function and the tetramer structure of WT cSA. In addition, we discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the success of these mutations in achieving both immune evasion and retention of function; these mechanisms might be incorporated into a new strategy for constructing hypoimmunogenic proteins.
Adaptive fuzzy output feedback decentralized control of pure‐feedback nonlinear large‐scale systems
Authors: Tong Shaocheng , Li Yongming , Liu Yanjun 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, an adaptive fuzzy decentralized output feedback control approach is presented for a class of uncertain nonlinear pure‐feedback large‐scale systems with immeasurable states. Fuzzy logic systems are utilized to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions, and a fuzzy state observer is designed to estimate the immeasurable states. On the basis of the adaptive backstepping recursive design technique, an adaptive fuzzy decentralized output feedback is developed. It is proved that the proposed control approach can guarantee that all the signals of the resulting closed‐loop system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded (SUUB), and that the observer and tracking errors converge to a small neighborhood of the origin by appropriate choice of the design parameters. Simulation studies are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SIPmsign: a lightweight mobile signature service based on the Session Initiation Protocol
Authors: Ruiz‐Martínez A. , Inmaculada Marín‐López C. , Sánchez‐Martínez D. , Castell Egea I. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYThe development of mobile signatures could increase the spread and adoption of mobile services based on electronic signatures, such as mobile payments, mobile business transactions, and mobile government services. A Mobile Signature Service (MSS) means that a user in any of the scenarios mentioned can attach an electronic signature, anywhere, anytime, as with a handwritten signature with a device that is almost always on him or her. Several solutions have appeared, such as using the European Telecommunications Standard Institute MSS, the Mobile Signature Application Unit, and the Mobile Network Operator‐independent MSS. These solutions present two kinds of drawbacks. On the one hand, some of them require the service to be developed by all mobile network operators, whereas others are not based on efficient communications. In this paper, we present a new MSS named SIPmsign that solves these problems. Our proposal is based on the Session Initiation Protocol and defines how to exchange the information in a secure and more efficient way than previously. Thanks to Session Initiation Protocol, we provide the adoption of our proposal as a MSS for the new generation of mobile communications. In this paper, we also present the prototype we have developed as a proof of its feasibility as well as an evaluation of the performance of our solution. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.