bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence from pupillometry and fMRI indicates reduced neural response during vicarious social pain but not physical pain in autism
Authors: Krach Sören , Kamp‐Becker Inge , Einhäuser Wolfgang , Sommer Jens , Frässle Stefan , Jansen Andreas , Rademacher Lena , Müller‐Pinzler Laura , Gazzola Valeria , Paulus Frieder M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by substantial social deficits. The notion that dysfunctions in neural circuits involved in sharing another's affect explain these deficits is appealing, but has received only modest experimental support. Here we evaluated a complex paradigm on the vicarious social pain of embarrassment to probe social deficits in ASD as to whether it is more potent than paradigms currently in use. To do so we acquired pupillometry and fMRI in young adults with ASD and matched healthy controls. During a simple vicarious physical pain task no differences emerged between groups in behavior, pupillometry, and neural activation of the anterior insula (AIC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In contrast, processing complex vicarious social pain yielded reduced responses in ASD on all physiological measures of sharing another's affect. The reduced activity within the AIC was thereby explained by the severity of autistic symptoms in the social and affective domain. Additionally, behavioral responses lacked correspondence with the anterior cingulate and anterior insula cortex activity found in controls. Instead, behavioral responses in ASD were associated with hippocampal activity. The observed dissociation echoes the clinical observations that deficits in ASD are most pronounced in complex social situations and simple tasks may not probe the dysfunctions in neural pathways involved in sharing affect. Our results are highly relevant because individuals with ASD may have preserved abilities to share another's physical pain but still have problems with the vicarious representation of more complex emotions that matter in life. Hum Brain Mapp, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resting‐state functional connectivity and presynaptic monoamine signaling in Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Zhu Xi , Dutta Nisha , Helton Sarah G. , Schwandt Melanie , Yan Jia , Hodgkinson Colin A. , Cortes Carlos R. , Kerich Mike , Hall Samuel , Sun Hui , Phillips Monte , Momenan Reza , Lohoff Falk W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlcohol Dependence (AD) is a chronic relapsing disorder with high degrees of morbidity and mortality. While multiple neurotransmitter systems are involved in the complex symptomatology of AD, monoamine dysregulation and subsequent neuroadaptations have been long postulated to play an important role. Presynaptic monoamine transporters, such as the vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1), are likely critical as they represent a key common entry point for monoamine regulation and may represent a shared pathway for susceptibility to AD. Excessive monoaminergic signaling as mediated by genetic variation in VMAT1 might affect functional brain connectivity in particular in alcoholics compared to controls. We conducted resting‐state fMRI functional connectivity (FC) analysis using the independent component analysis (ICA) approach in 68 AD subjects and 72 controls. All subjects were genotyped for the Thr136Ile (rs1390938) variant in VMAT1. Functional connectivity analyses showed a significant increase of resting‐state FC in 4 networks in alcoholics compared to controls (P < 0.05, corrected). The FC was significantly positively correlated with Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS). The hyperfunction allele 136Ile was associated with a significantly decreased FC in the Default Mode Network, Prefrontal Cortex Network, and Executive Control Network in alcohol dependent participants (P < 0.05, corrected), but not in controls. Our data suggest that increased FC might represent a neuroadaptive mechanism relevant to AD that is furthermore mediated by genetic variation in VMAT1. The hyperfunction allele Thr136Ile might have a protective effect that is, in particular, relevant in AD by mechanism of increased monoamine transport into presynaptic storage vesicles. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4808–4818, 2015. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
Identification of infants at high‐risk for autism spectrum disorder using multiparameter multiscale white matter connectivity networks
Authors: Jin Yan , Wee Chong‐Yaw , Shi Feng , Thung Kim‐Han , Ni Dong , Yap Pew‐Thian , Shen Dinggang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a wide range of disabilities that cause life‐long cognitive impairment and social, communication, and behavioral challenges. Early diagnosis and medical intervention are important for improving the life quality of autistic patients. However, in the current practice, diagnosis often has to be delayed until the behavioral symptoms become evident during childhood. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of using machine learning techniques for identifying high‐risk ASD infants at as early as six months after birth. This is based on the observation that ASD‐induced abnormalities in white matter (WM) tracts and whole‐brain connectivity have already started to appear within 24 months after birth. In particular, we propose a novel multikernel support vector machine classification framework by using the connectivity features gathered from WM connectivity networks, which are generated via multiscale regions of interest (ROIs) and multiple diffusion statistics such as fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and average fiber length. Our proposed framework achieves an accuracy of 76% and an area of 0.80 under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), in comparison to the accuracy of 70% and the AUC of 70% provided by the best single‐parameter single‐scale network. The improvement in accuracy is mainly due to the complementary information provided by multiparameter multiscale networks. In addition, our framework also provides the potential imaging connectomic markers and an objective means for early ASD diagnosis.Hum Brain Mapp 36:4880–4896, 2015. ©2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hippocampal‐DMN disconnectivity in MS is related to WM lesions and depression
Authors: Rocca Maria A. , Pravatà Emanuele , Valsasina Paola , Radaelli Marta , Colombo Bruno , Vacchi Laura , Gobbi Claudio , Comi Giancarlo , Falini Andrea , Filippi Massimo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe hippocampus is part of the default‐mode network (DMN) and is functionally hit early in multiple sclerosis (MS). Hippocampal and DMN dysfunctions have been associated with depression, both in patients with MS and in major depressive disorders. We hypothesized that white matter lesions may contribute, through a disconnection mechanism, to hippocampal dysfunction. To test this, we assessed the relationship between hippocampal resting‐state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities with brain T2 lesion volumes and the presence and severity of depression. Structural and RS fMRI images were acquired from 69 patients with cognitively intact MS and 42 matched healthy controls (HC). Depression was quantified using the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Seed‐voxel hippocampal RS FC was assessed. SPM8 was used for between‐group comparisons and correlation analysis between RS FC abnormalities with clinical and structural MRI variables. Compared to HC, patients with MS showed a significant atrophy of the whole brain and left hippocampus (P < 0.001), and a distributed pattern of decreased RS FC between the hippocampi and several cortical–subcortical regions, which were mostly located within the DMN. Reduced hippocampal RS FC with regions of the DMN was strongly correlated with higher T2 lesion volume, longer disease duration, and the severity of depression and disability. In patients with cognitively preserved MS, brain focal WM lesions are related to the functional integration of the hippocampus to other brain regions of the DMN, suggesting a disconnection syndrome. Such a disruption of hippocampal RS FC is likely to contribute to the occurrence of depression and to clinical disability. Hum Brain Mapp 36:5051–5063, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ketamine Increases Permeability and Alters Epithelial Phenotype of Renal Distal Tubular Cells via a GSK‐3β‐Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Shyu Hsin‐Yi , Ko Chun‐Jung , Luo Yu‐Chen , Lin Hsin‐Ying , Wu Shang‐Ru , Lan Shao‐Wei , Cheng Tai‐Shan , Hu Shih‐Hsiung , Lee Ming‐Shyue 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTKetamine, a dissociative anesthetic, is misused and abused worldwide as an illegal recreational drug. In addition to its neuropathic toxicity, ketamine abuse has numerous effects, including renal failure; however, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. The process called epithelial phenotypic changes (EPCs) causes the loss of cell–cell adhesion and cell polarity in renal diseases, as well as the acquisition of migratory and invasive properties. Madin–Darby canine kidney cells, an in vitro cell model, were subjected to experimental manipulation to investigate whether ketamine could promote EPCs. Our data showed that ketamine dramatically decreased transepithelial electrical resistance and increased paracellular permeability and junction disruption, which were coupled to decreased levels of apical junctional proteins (ZO‐1, occludin, and E‐cadherin). Consistent with the downregulation of epithelial markers, the mesenchymal markers N‐cadherin, fibronectin, and vimentin were markedly upregulated following ketamine stimulation. Of the E‐cadherin repressor complexes tested, the mRNA levels of Snail, Slug, Twist, and ZEB1 were elevated. Moreover, ketamine significantly enhanced migration and invasion. Ketamine‐mediated changes were at least partly caused by the inhibition of GSK‐3β activity through Ser‐9 phosphorylation by the PI3K/Akt pathway. Inhibiting PI3K/Akt with LY294002 reactivated GSK‐3β and suppressed ketamine‐enhanced permeability, EPCs, and motility. These findings were recapitulated by the inactivation of GSK‐3β using the inhibitor 3F8. Taken together, these results provide evidence that ketamine induces renal distal tubular EPCs through the downregulation of several junction proteins, the upregulation of mesenchymal markers, the activation of Akt, and the inactivation of GSK‐3β. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 881–893, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fyn Accelerates M Phase Progression by Promoting the Assembly of Mitotic Spindle Microtubules
Authors: Okamoto Mai , Nakayama Yuji , Kakihana Ayana , Yuki Ryuzaburo , Yamaguchi Noritaka , Yamaguchi Naoto 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe mitotic spindle is the major piece of cellular machinery essential for faithful chromosome segregation. Whereas Fyn, a member of Src‐family kinases, is known to be localized to the meiotic and mitotic spindle microtubules, the role of Fyn in mitotic spindle formation has not yet been completely elucidated. In this study, we studied the role of Fyn in spindle formation and effects on M‐phase progression. Re‐expression of Fyn induced increases in the fluorescence intensity of mitotic spindle microtubules in SYF cells having triple knock‐out mutations of c‐Src, c‐Yes, and Fyn. Cold treatment results showed that Fyn increases the maximum length of microtubules in HeLa S3 cells in a manner dependent on Fyn kinase activity. Complete depolymerization of microtubules under cold treatment and the following release into 37°C revealed that the increase in the microtubule length in Fyn‐expressing cells may be attributed to the promotion of microtubule polymerization. After cold treatment, Fyn promotes the accumulation of EB1, which is a plus‐end tracking protein and facilitates microtubule growth, in a manner dependent on the kinase activity. Furthermore, Fyn accelerates the M phase progression of cells from nocodazole arrest. These results suggest that Fyn facilitates mitotic spindle formation through the increase in microtubule polymerization, resulting in the acceleration of M‐phase progression. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 894–903, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Severe Polycystic Liver Disease Is Not Caused by Large Deletions of the PRKCSH Gene
Authors: Cnossen Wybrich R. , Maurits Jake S.F. , Salomon Jody , te Morsche René H.M. , Waanders Esmé , Drenth Joost P. H. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundIsolated polycystic liver disease (ADPLD) is an autosomal dominant Mendelian disorder. Heterozygous PRKCSH (where PRKCSH is protein kinase C substrate 80K‐H (80 kDa protein, heavy chain; MIM*177060) mutations are the most frequent cause. Routine molecular testing using Sanger sequencing identifies pathogenic variants in the PRKCSH (15%) and SEC63 (where SEC63 is Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog 63 (MIM*608648); 6%) genes, but about approximately 80% of patients meeting the clinical ADPLD criteria carry no PRKCSH or SEC63 mutation. Cyst tissue often shows somatic deletions with loss of heterozygosity that was recently recognized as a general mechanism in ADPLD. We hypothesized that germline deletions in the PRKCSH gene may be responsible for hepatic cystogenesis in a significant number of mutation‐negative ADPLD patients.MethodsIn this study, we designed a multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay to screen for deletions of PRKCSH exons. Genomic DNA from 60 patients with an ADPLD phenotype was included.ResultsMLPA analysis detected no exon deletions in mutation‐negative ADPLD patients.ConclusionLarge copy number variations on germline level are not present in patients with a clinical diagnosis of ADPLD. MLPA analysis of the PRKCSH gene should not be considered as a diagnostic method to explain hepatic cystogenesis.
The Long‐run Labour Market Effects of Expanding Access to Higher Education in South Korea
Authors: Jung Haeil , Pirog Maureen A. , Lee Sang Kyoo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA 1979 military coup in South Korea mandated that all colleges, public and private, expand their college admission quotas by 30 per cent in 1981 and 50 per cent in 1982. We use birth cohorts that were differentially exposed to this abrupt, exogenous policy change as an instrumental variable to identify the long‐term effects of college on labour market outcomes. We find that the college enrollment increase by the mandate led to higher monthly earnings and higher probabilities of ‘prestigious’ white‐collar employment. We discuss the historical context in which this intervention took place as well as its relevance for developing countries. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of full‐wave EM models by low‐order low‐dimension polynomial surrogate functionals
Authors: Rayas‐Sánchez José E. , Chávez‐Hurtado José L. , Brito‐Brito Zabdiel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA practical formulation for EM‐based design optimization of high‐frequency circuits using simple polynomial surrogate functionals is proposed in this paper. Our approach starts from a careful selection of design variables and is based on a closed‐form formulation that yields global optimal values for the surrogate model weighting factors, avoiding a large set of expensive EM model data, and resulting in accurate low‐order low‐dimension polynomials interpolants that are used as vehicles for efficient design optimization. Our formulation is especially suitable for EM‐based design problems with no equivalent circuital models available. The proposed technique is illustrated by the EM‐based design optimization of a Ka‐band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) interconnect with conductor‐backed coplanar waveguide (CBCPW) transitions, a low crosstalk PCB microstrip interconnect structure with guard traces, and a 10–40‐GHz SIW interconnect with microstrip transitions on a standard FR4‐based substrate. Three commercially available full‐wave EM solvers are used in our examples: CST, Sonnet, and COMSOL. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of Intuition in the Creative Process of Expert Chefs
Authors: Stierand Marc , Dörfler Viktor 
Published: September 2015

AbstractScholars studying intuition are frequently focusing on decision takers and to this day, they conceptualize intuition as a form of judgment. More recently, the notion of intuition in creativity has been challenged by the argument that although the creative process may contain intuitive judgments, any creative idea or solution is essentially the result of intuitive insight. This interpretivist study seeks an increased understanding of the role of intuition in the creative process by providing empirical evidence from in‐depth interviews with expert chefs. The findings show that the interviewees describe their experiences of the creative process consistent with how the literature describes intuition and explain intuitive insight and judgment as instantaneous yet distinct and rapid processes.
Use of the chimeric anterolateral thigh free flap in lower extremity reconstruction
Authors: Kim Sang Woo , Kim Kyu Nam , Hong Joon Pio , Park Sung Woo , Park Chae Ri , Yoon Chi Sun 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundReconstruction of three‐dimensional lower extremity defects is challenging because the dead space should be filled and the surface defect should be covered to prevent complications. We present our experience using the vastus lateralis muscle‐chimeric anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap for reconstructing three‐dimensional lower extremity defects.MethodsThis report describes 12 cases of three‐dimensional lower extremity defects that were treated via reconstruction using a chimeric ALT free flap between October 2010 and January 2015. The defects involved the foot (10 patients), distal lower leg (1 patient), and proximal lower leg (1 patient). The sizes of the surface defects ranged from 7.5 × 3 cm2 to 16 × 7 cm2, and the sizes of the estimated dead spaces ranged from 2 × 3 cm2 to 8 × 5 cm2. The skin and muscle segment sizes were also evaluated.ResultsThe sizes of the skin flaps ranged from 8 × 4 cm2 to 17.5 × 8 cm2, and the sizes of the muscle segments ranged from 2 × 3 cm2 to 9 × 5 cm2. Eleven cases exhibited full flap survival and one case exhibited partial necrosis. The follow‐up periods ranged from 2 months to 38 months. We did not observe any ranges of motion limitations in the hip and knee joints of the operated leg, or any secondary complications (e.g., abscess or prolonged drainage).ConclusionsThe vastus lateralis muscle‐chimeric ALT free flap is a useful option for reconstructing three‐dimensional lower extremity defects. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:634–639, 2015.
Rational Design of Coumarin Derivatives as CK2 Inhibitors by Improving the Interaction with the Hinge Region
Authors: Zhang Na , Chen Wen‐juan , Zhou Yue , Zhao Hongtao , Zhong Ru‐gang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDesign of novel coumarin derivatives as CK2 inhibitors were attempted by targeting the interaction with the hinge region. A set of substituents capable of forming a hydrogen bond or halogen bond with the hinge region were screened in silico, and trifluoromethyl emerges as a promising motif by forming favorable electrostatic interaction and a presumable halogen bond with the hinge region. As proof of concept, three trifluoromethyl derivatives of coumarin were synthesized and tested in vitro. The results indicated that replacement of methyl by trifluoromethyl leads to a modest 5‐fold improvement in potency, with the most active compound being 0.4 µM. The newly designed compounds were further screened on one lung cancer cell line A549, showing low micromolar anti‐proliferative activity.
Gradient echo single scan inversion recovery: application to proton and fluorine relaxation studies
Authors: Pavuluri KowsalyaDevi , Ramanathan K. V. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSingle scan longitudinal relaxation measurement experiments enable rapid estimation of the spin‐lattice relaxation time (T1) as the time series of spin relaxation is encoded spatially in the sample at different slices resulting in an order of magnitude saving in time. We consider here a single scan inversion recovery pulse sequence that incorporates a gradient echo sequence. The proposed pulse sequence provides spectra with significantly enhanced signal to noise ratio leading to an accurate estimation of T1 values. The method is applicable for measuring a range of T1 values, thus indicating the possibility of routine use of the method for several systems. A comparative study of different single scan methods currently available is presented, and the advantage of the proposed sequence is highlighted. The possibility of the use of the method for the study of cross‐correlation effects for the case of fluorine in a single shot is also demonstrated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inserting a surface into an existing unstructured mesh
Authors: Zaide Daniel W. , Ollivier‐Gooch Carl F. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn this work, a new method for inserting a surface as an internal boundary into an existing unstructured tetrahedral mesh is developed. The surface is discretized by initially placing vertices on its bounding curves, defining a length scale at every location on each boundary curve based on the local underlying mesh, and equidistributing length scale along these curves between vertices. The surface is then sampled based on this boundary discretization, resulting in a surface mesh spaced in a way that is consistent with the initial mesh. The new points are then inserted into the mesh, and local refinement is performed, resulting in a final mesh containing a representation of the surface while preserving mesh quality. The advantage of this algorithm over generating a new mesh from scratch is in allowing for the majority of existing simulation data to be preserved and not have to be interpolated onto the new mesh. This algorithm is demonstrated in two and three dimensions on problems with and without intersections with existing internal boundaries. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bella Sky Hotel – exploring the potential in precast concrete design
Authors: Flindt Jørgensen Kåre 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Bella Sky Hotel comprises two towers both leaning at an angle of 15 degrees. This inclination introduces enormous forces throughout the building which posed huge challenges for the design. Moreover, the building is made of precast concrete elements, which led to further major design hurdles. A full 3D linear elastic FE (finite element) model modified to approximate non‐linear support conditions was used for the design of the hotel. Detailed design was carried out using specific post‐design programs. These programs were developed for handling the design of lintels, in‐plane forces, stability, horizontal joints, vertical joints and joint reinforcement. The large forces in the building require a substantial amount of reinforcement and thus several complex geometric design solutions. For Rambøll the design has been the start of a new era for building design employing in situ and precast concrete.