bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birdcage coils: Equivalent capacitance and equivalent inductance
Authors: Giovannetti Giulio 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTBirdcage coil is extensively used in MR systems thanks to its possibility to provide high signal‐to‐ noise ratio and high radiofrequency magnetic field homogeneity that guarantee a large field of view. This work describes how to schematize the birdcage coil in terms of an equivalent inductance and an equivalent capacitance, whose knowledge can be useful for coil design and characterization. In particular, the knowledge of equivalent capacitance and equivalent inductance permits to estimate theoretically coil resonant frequency, quality factors and matching circuit capacitor values in a quick way, while workbench tests permit to estimate coil resistance and sample‐induced resistance. The presented theory is validated for both lowpass and highpass birdcage coils.by using literature data. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 44B: 32–38, 2014
Reduced‐intensity conditioning with fludarabine and busulfan versus fludarabine and melphalan for patients with acute myeloid leukemia: A report from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Baron Frédéric , Labopin Myriam , Peniket Andy , Jindra Pavel , Afanasyev Boris , Sanz Miguel A. , Deconinck Eric , Nagler Arnon , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDFludarabine plus busulfan (FB) and fludarabine plus melphalan (FM) are 2 widely used reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT).METHODSThe current survey compared transplantation outcomes for a cohort of 394 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients given bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells from human leukocyte antigen–identical siblings after FB (n = 218) or FM (n = 176). Patients given manipulated grafts and those given T‐cell–depleting agents (anti‐thymocyte globulins or alemtuzumab) were not included.RESULTSAt the time of transplantation, 266 patients (68%) were experiencing their first complete remission (CR), 69 (18%) were experiencing a later CR, and 59 (15%) had advanced disease. The incidences of acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease were similar in the 2 groups of patients. The 2‐year relapse incidence (RI), nonrelapse mortality (NRM) rate, leukemia‐free survival (LFS) rate, and overall survival (OS) rate were 31% ± 3%, 18% ± 3%, 51% ± 4%, and 54% ± 4%, respectively, for FB patients and 20% ± 3% (P = .007), 20% ± 3% (P = .4), 60% ± 4% (P = .08), and 62% ± 4% (P = .2), respectively, for FM patients. Among FB patients given intravenous busulfan (n = 81), the 2‐year RI, NRM, LFS, and OS rates were 26% ± 5% (P = .43 vs FM patients), 25% ± 6% (P = .18), 49% ± 7% (P = .07), and 54% ± 7% (P = .13), respectively. In multivariate analyses, FM was associated with a lower RI (hazard ratio [HR], 0.5; P = .01) and a trend toward higher NRM (HR, 1.6; P = .1) with similar LFS (HR, 0.8; P = .2) and OS (HR, 0.9; P = .6).CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that although FM provides better AML control than FB as an RIC regimen for allo‐SCT, the 2 regimens provide similar survival. Multicenter randomized studies are needed to confirm these findings. Cancer 2015;121:1048–1055. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Subclass‐specific formation of perineuronal nets around parvalbumin‐expressing GABAergic neurons in Ammon's horn of the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Yamada Jun , Jinno Shozo 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTPerineuronal nets (PNNs) are closely associated with parvalbumin‐positive (PV+) neurons, and play a major role in controlling developmental neural plasticity. Considering the recent advances in classification of PV+ neurons, here we aimed to clarify whether PNNs might be associated with specific subclasses of PV+ neurons in the hippocampus. In this study, we labeled PNNs by Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA), and classified PV+ neurons based on the combination of cellular location, molecular expression (neuropeptide Y [NPY], somatostatin [SOM], special AT‐rich sequence‐binding protein‐1 [SATB1]), and retrograde tracing through stereotaxic injection of Fluoro‐Gold (FG) into the medial septum. The criteria of each subclass can be summarized as follows: axo‐axonic cells, PV+/SATB1–/NPY– cells in the stratum pyramidale; basket cells, PV+/SATB1+/NPY– cells in the stratum pyramidale; bistratified cells, PV+/SATB1+/NPY+ cells in the stratum pyramidale; oriens‐lacunosum‐moleculare (O‐LM) cells, PV+/SOM+/FG– cells in the stratum oriens; hippocampo‐septal projection (H‐S) cells, and PV+/SOM+/FG+ cells in the stratum oriens. The ratios of formation of WFA+ PNNs around each subclass of PV+ neurons were estimated according to the optical disector principle. The vast majority (over 90%) of putative PV+ basket cells were surrounded by PNNs, while only a minor population (less than 10%) of putative PV+ axo‐axonic, O‐LM, and H‐S cells were enwrapped with PNNs. The ratios of formation of PNNs around putative PV+ bistratified cells were intermediate (25–50%). These findings indicate that PNNs may be specifically associated with PV+ basket cells, and also provide a key to understand the functional significance of PNNs and PV+ neurons in the hippocampus. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:790–804, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BC3Sheet Functionalized with Lithium‐Rich Species Emerging as a Reversible Hydrogen Storage Material
Authors: Hussain Tanveer , Chakraborty Sudip , Kang T. W. , Johansson Börje , Ahuja Rajeev 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe decoration of a BC3monolayer with the polylithiated molecules CLi4and OLi2has been extensively investigated to study the hydrogen‐storage efficiency of the materials by first principles electronic structure calculations. The binding energies of both lithiated species with the BC3substrate are much higher than their respective cohesive energies, which confirms the stability of the doped systems. A significant positive charge on the Li atom in each of the dopants facilitates the adsorption of multiple H2molecules under the influence of electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. We observe a high H2‐storage capacity of 11.88 and 8.70 wt % for the BC3‐CLi4and BC3‐OLi2systems, respectively, making them promising candidates as efficient energy‐storage systems.
Classification of Clock Reactions
Authors: Horváth Attila K. , Nagypál István 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAutocatalytic systems are sometimes designated as clock reactions or reactions that exhibit clock behavior. To resolve the recent dispute over the term clock reaction, we describe a new approach to classify systems featuring clock behavior into three distinct groups: substrate‐depletive clock reactions, autocatalysis‐driven clock reactions, and systems that have pseudo clock behavior. Many of the well‐known classical and recently discovered reactions can conveniently be put into these categories. We also provide a convincing argument for classifying some autocatalytic processes as clock reactions, but it does not necessarily mean that all autocatalytic processes should be classified as autocatalysis‐driven clock reactions. This classification can be conveniently performed if the kinetic nature of the given system has been completely elucidated and understood.
Shewanella‐mediated Biosynthesis of Manganese Oxide Micro‐/Nanocubes as Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Jiang Congcong , Guo Zhaoyan , Zhu Ying , Liu Huan , Wan Meixiang , Jiang Lei 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDeveloping efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical for promoting the widespread application of fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Here, we develop a biological low‐cost, ecofriendly method for the synthesis of Mn2O3 micro‐/nanocubes by calcination of MnCO3 precursors in an oxygen atmosphere. Microcubic MnCO3 precursors with an edge length of 2.5 μm were fabricated by dissimilatory metal‐reducing Shewanella loihica PV‐4 in the presence of MnO4− as the sole electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions. After calcining the MnCO3 precursors at 500 and 700 °C, porous Mn2O3‐500 and Mn2O3‐700 also showed microcubic morphology, while their edge lengths decreased to 1.8 μm due to thermal decomposition. Moreover, the surfaces of the Mn2O3 microcubes were covered by granular nanoparticles with average diameters in the range of 18–202 nm, depending on the calcination temperatures. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the porous Mn2O3‐500 micro‐/nanocubes exhibit promising catalytic activity towards the ORR in an alkaline medium, which should be due to a synergistic effect of the overlapping molecular orbitals of oxygen/manganese and the hierarchically porous structures that are favorable for oxygen absorption. Moreover, these Mn2O3 micro‐/nanocubes possess better stability than commercial Pt/C catalysts and methanol‐tolerance property in alkaline solution. Thus the Shewanella‐mediated biosynthesis method we provided here might be a new strategy for the preparation of various transition metal oxides as high‐performance ORR electrocatalysts at low cost.
Anorexia nervosa and gender dysphoria in two adolescents
Authors: Couturier Jennifer , Pindiprolu Bharadwaj , Findlay Sheri , Johnson Natasha 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTLittle has been published about the co‐occurrence of gender dysphoria (GD) and eating disorders (ED) in adults, with no cases described in the adolescent population. The emphasis on body shape in both conditions suggests that there may be some overlap in symptomatology. We report two adolescent cases initially diagnosed with anorexia nervosa who later met criteria for GD. The drive for thinness for the 16‐year‐old male was associated with a wish to achieve a feminine physique whereas there was an emphasis for stunted breast growth and a desire for muscularity in the 13‐year‐old female. Complexities in presentation, evolution of symptoms over time, and the treatment of the two cases are discussed. Clinicians should inquire about sexual issues in the presentation of ED and should monitor for symptoms of GD, not only at initial presentation, but throughout treatment, especially as weight gain progresses. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:151–155)
Electrospinning of Ionogels: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Taubert Andreas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIonogels (IGs), also termed ion gels, are functional hybrid materials based on an ionic liquid (IL) and a polymeric, hybrid, or inorganic matrix. IGs combine the properties of the matrix such as mechanical strength with IL properties like high ionic conductivity, high thermal stability, or catalytic activity. IGs are thus attractive for many applications, but the vast majority of IGs made and published so far are bulk materials or dense films. Applications like sensing or catalysis, however, would benefit from IGs with high surface areas or defined surface morphologies or architectures. In spite of this, only relatively few examples of high‐surface‐area IGs have been made so far; this has mostly been achieved by electrospinning, which has proven to be a promising strategy towards advanced IGs. The current review discusses first developments and outlines the future potential of electrospun ionogels, predominantly from a materials and inorganic chemistry perspective.
Fluorescence Detection of Anilines and Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B by a Multifunctional Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Wang Fengqin , Dong Caifu , Wang Zechuan , Cui Yaru , Wang Chengmiao , Zhao Yongnan , Li Guodong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA multifunctional transition metal CdII coordination polymer based on an amide‐inserted flexible multicarboxylate ligand, bis(3,5‐dicarboxyphenyl)terephthalamide (H4L), [CdL]·[+H2N(CH3)2] (DMF)(H2O)3 (MOF1) was synthesized by the solvothermal method. Its structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and it was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. MOF1 shows selective sensitivity to detecting aniline pollutants in both aqueous media and as vapors due to its strong fluorescence emission and microporous structure. In addition, the visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) by MOF1 and polyaniline (PANI) composite material (named PANI/MOF1), which was prepared by loading PANI onto the surface of MOF1, was also studied. The results obtained illustrate that PANI/MOF1 exhibits improved photocatalytic activity over MOF1, which could be used to effectively treat wastewater containing organic dyes in the future.
Glycoconjugated Rhenium(I) and 99m‐Technetium(I) Carbonyl Complexes from Pyridyltriazole Ligands Obtained by “Click Chemistry”
Authors: Czaplewska Justyna A. , Theil Frank , Altuntas Esra , Niksch Tobias , Freesmeyer Martin , Happ Bobby , Pretzel David , Schäfer Hendrik , Obata Makoto , Yano Shigenobu , Schubert Ulrich S. , Gottschaldt Michael 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA series of pyridyltriazole ligands containing sugar moieties have been prepared by copper(I)‐mediated 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (“click” reaction) of azides functionalized with D‐glucose, D‐galactose, D‐mannose, D‐xylose as well as D‐maltose residues, and 2‐ethynylpyridine as alkyne. The peracetylated saccharide residues as well as their water‐soluble deprotected derivatives were treated with Re(CO)5Cl to obtain the corresponding mononuclear rhenium(I) carbonyl complexes [LRe(CO)3Cl]. For comparison, one ReI complex bearing a tert‐butylbenzyl residue instead of a sugar moiety as well as two dinuclear rhenium complexes derived from a branched ligand containing two pyridyltriazole units were prepared. The structure and integrity of the ligands and complexes was established by NMR, IR, UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and by elemental analysis. Coordination of the metal ion occurred by both the pyridyl nitrogen atoms and one of the triazole nitrogen atoms. Upon treatment with an excess of histidine, the ReI complexes were stable for only 2.5 h. After a longer period (24 h) ligand exchange was detected by HPLC measurements. In contrast, a complex labeled with 99mTc was found to be stable for up to 24 h against an excess of histidine. Cytotoxicity was screened for all ReI complexes against HepG2 cells using a concentration of 100 μM. All sugar‐functionalized complexes were found to be nontoxic, except for the complex derived from the pyridyl (tert‐butylbenzyl)‐triazole, which exhibited remarkable toxicity.
Pentaerythritol‐Based Energetic Materials Related to PETN
Authors: Axthammer Quirin J. , Krumm Burkhard , Klapötke Thomas M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNew tetravalent pentaerythritol tetranitrocarbamate (PETNC) and its tetraammonium salt have been synthesized by an efficient two‐step synthesis starting from the cheap and commercially available pentaerythritol. In addition to full spectroscopic characterization, their thermal stabilities were examined by differential thermal analysis, and their energies of formation calculated. Furthermore, the structures were determined by X‐ray diffraction.
PBMP: priority‐based multi‐path packet routing for vehicular ad hoc network system in city environment
Authors: Lai Wei Kuang , Tai Chih Kun , Wu Tin‐Yu , Anpalagan Alagan , Chen Jian Zhi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn vehicular ad hoc networks, efficient routing mechanisms are needed for data transmission to adapt to rapidly changing topology. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a priority‐based multi‐path packet routing strategy based on geographic routing. The goal is to achieve high delivery ratio and low end‐to‐end delay. By collecting real‐time traffic flow information, we derive a connectivity probability function to select road intersections efficiently for transmission and to reduce the path's sensitivity to vehicle movements. In addition, the data loads are also referred to assist with intersection selections and avoid packet congestions. Furthermore, packets are classified with three priority levels for different transmission strategies. To enhance reliability, multiple paths are constructed to achieve high probability of robust receptions. Simulation results show that priority‐based multi‐path has significant performance improvement in comparison with other existing geographic routing protocols. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and biological activity of nanocapsulated Glycyrrhiza glabra L. var. glabra
Authors: Esmaeili Akbar , Rafiee Roghayeh 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTGlycyrrhiza glabra is a medicinal plant found in Asia, the Mediterranean and parts of southern Europe. It used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract ailments including coughs, hoarseness, sore throat and bronchitis. In this study, natural polymers, chitosan and alginate were used for preparing nanocapsules containing turmeric oil and a methanol extract of G. glabra. The antimicrobial activity of G. glabra as an extract and in a nanocapsule was investigated. In the preparation of nanocapsules, a three‐step procedure involving emulsification, cross‐linking with calcium chloride and solvent removal was used. Morphological characteristics of the nanocapsules were investigated by particle size using transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that turmeric oil‐to‐extract ratio, surfactant and molecular weight of chitosan all affect the size of the nanocapsule produced. An oil‐to‐extract ratio of 10:10 mg/ml, Tween 80 and low molecular weight chitosan resulted in the optimal (smallest) nanoparticle size. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wetting boundary conditions in numerical simulation of binary fluids by using phase‐field method: some comparative studies and new development
Authors: Huang Jun‐Jie , Huang Haibo , Wang Xinzhu 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYWe studied several wetting boundary conditions (WBCs) in the numerical simulation of binary fluids by using phase‐field method. Five WBCs, three using the linear, cubic, and sine form surface energy (LinSE, CubSE, and SinSE), the other two using the geometric formulation (Geom) and the characteristic interpolation (CI), were compared through the study of several problems: (1) the static contact angle (CA) of a drop; (2) a Poiseuille flow‐driven liquid column; (3) a wettability gradient (WG)‐driven liquid column; and (4) drop dewetting. It was found that while all WBCs can predict the static CA fairly accurately, they may affect the simulation outcomes of dynamic problems differently, depending on the CA. For the flow‐driven problem with a CA near 90°, using different WBCs had almost no effect on the flow characteristics over a large scale. For the WG‐driven problem, to use different WBCs may lead to different steady drop velocities, and all WBCs except LinSE can give reasonably consistent prediction between the drop velocity and dynamic CAs. For drop dewetting, Geom led to the most violent drop motion, whereas CubSE caused the weakest motion. For several problems, CubSE and SinSE gave almost the same results, and those by Geom and CI were also close, possibly due to similar consideration in their design. Besides, a new implementation that may be used for all WBCs was proposed to mimic the wall energy relaxation and control the degree of slip. This new procedure made it possible to allow the simulations to match experimental measurements well. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A two‐dimensional numerical scheme of dry/wet fronts for the Saint‐Venant system of shallow water equations
Authors: Horváth Zsolt , Waser Jürgen , Perdigão Rui A. P. , Konev Artem , Blöschl Günter 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYWe propose a new two‐dimensional numerical scheme to solve the Saint‐Venant system of shallow water equations in the presence of partially flooded cells. Our method is well balanced, positivity preserving, and handles dry states. The latter is ensured by using the draining time step technique in the time integration process, which guarantees non‐negative water depths. Unlike previous schemes, our technique does not generate high velocities at the dry/wet boundaries, which are responsible for small time step sizes and slow simulation runs. We prove that the new scheme preserves ‘lake at rest’ steady states and guarantees the positivity of the computed fluid depth in the partially flooded cells. We test the new scheme, along with another recent scheme from the literature, against the analytical solution for a parabolic basin and show the improved simulation performance of the new scheme for two real‐world scenarios. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Model on the International Energy Agency Benchmark Case with Hydrogen Fuel
Authors: Le A. D. , Beale S. B. , Pharoah J. G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA detailed model of a solid oxide fuel cell was developed with an object‐oriented open‐source computational fluid dynamics code based on a finite‐volume method. The methodology is derived from a local Nernst equation with associated irreversible losses. Calculations were performed with the International Energy Agency benchmark case #1 with hydrogen as fuel, for co‐flow, counter‐flow, and cross‐flow. While agreement with the results of previous workers was satisfactory, a number of shortcomings with the benchmark case were identified and highlighted. These include over‐simplified electro‐chemical kinetics, neglect of porous transport layers, and ambiguities associated with the very low flow rates prescribed for the benchmark case.
Ionically Cross‐Linked Proton Conducting Membranes for Fuel Cells
Authors: Wu L. , Zhou D. , Wang H. , Pan Q. , Ran J. , Xu T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFor improving stability without sacrificing ionic conductivity, ionically cross‐linked proton conducting membranes are fabricated from Na+‐form sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone kentone) (SPPESK) and H+‐formed sulfonated poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (SPPO). Ionically acid‐base cross‐linking between sulfonic acid groups in SPPO and phthalazone groups in SPPESK impart the composite membranes the good miscibility and electrochemical performance. In particular, the composite membranes possess proton conductivity of 60–110 mS cm−1 at 30 °C. By controlling the protonation degree of SPPO within 40–100 %, the composite membranes with favorable cross‐linking degree are qualified for application in fuel cells. The maximum power density of the composite membrane reaches approximately 1100 mW cm−2 at the current density of 2800 mA cm−2 at 70 °C.
Start‐Up and Load‐Change Behavior of a Catalytic Burner for a Fuel‐Cell‐Based APU for Diesel Fuel
Authors: Meißner J. , Pasel J. , Samsun R. C. , Peters R. , Stolten D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe catalytic burner CAB 4 was developed for a fuel‐cell‐based diesel‐APU (auxiliary power unit) with a capacity of 14.5 kWth,APU. In order to operate a catalytic burner in such an APU, several requirements must be met. Normal operation involves combustion of anode off‐gas from the fuel cell. If the fuel cell malfunctions or if the gas quality is insufficient, the burner must also be able to fully convert the reformate while by‐passing the fuel cell. It must be possible to catalytically ignite the burner using a reformate with increased CO‐concentration. The burner must fully convert all combustible components in the fuel‐gas at all operating points. The energy contained in the fuel gas is utilized in the CAB to generate superheated steam with no oscillations and to supply this steam to the autothermal reformer. When the fuel processing system is being shut down, the burner should be able to continue providing steam for sweeping the downstream reactors for a limited period of time. Catalytic ignition of the CAB 4 was demonstrated with a reformate containing up to 5 mol.% CO. The behavior of the burner was characterized in steady‐state operation, during load changes, during transitions in the operating mode, and during shut‐down.