bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for complex thiophenic mixture analysis
Authors: Hourani Nadim , Andersson Jan T. , Möller Isabelle , Amad Ma'an , Witt Matthias , Sarathy S. Mani 
Published: October 2013

RATIONALEPolycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) are detrimental species for refining processes in petroleum industry. Current mass spectrometric methods that determine their composition are often preceded by derivatization and dopant addition approaches. Different ionization methods have different impact on the molecular assignment of complex PASHs. The analysis of such species under atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is still considered limited due to uncontrolled ion generation with low‐ and high‐mass PASHs.METHODSThe ionization behavior of a model mixture of five selected PASH standards was investigated using an APCI source with nitrogen as the reagent gas. A complex thiophenic fraction was separated from a vacuum gas oil (VGO) and injected using the same method. The samples were analyzed using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS).RESULTSPASH model analytes were successfully ionized and mainly [M + H]+ ions were produced. The same ionization pattern was observed for the real thiophenic sample. It was found that S1 class species were the major sulfur‐containing species found in the VGO sample. These species indicated the presence of alkylated benzothiophenic (BT), dibenzothiophenic (DBT) and benzonaphthothiophenic (BNT) series that were detected by APCI‐FTICR MS.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides an established APCI‐FTICR MS method for the analysis of complex PASHs. PASHs were detected without using any derivatization and without fragmentation. The method can be used for the analysis of S‐containing crude oil samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of metabolites of GLS4 in humans using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhou Xin , Li Liang , Deng Pan , Chen Xiaoyan , Zhong Dafang 
Published: October 2013

RATIONALEGLS4 is a heteroaryldihydropyrimidine compound that inhibits hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication by drug‐induced depletion of nucleocapsids. It is currently undergoing clinical trials in China to treat HBV infection. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolites of GLS4 in humans.METHODSA rapid and sensitive method based on ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify GLS4 metabolites in human plasma, urine, and feces after an oral dose of 120 mg GLS4.RESULTSA total of 27 metabolites were detected and identified by comparing the accurate molecular masses, retention times and spectral patterns of the analytes with those of the parent drug. Nine metabolites were confirmed by comparison with reference substances. All of the metabolites had a bromine atom and displayed the isotope ion of [M + H]+/[M + H + 2]+ at a ratio of 1:1. Fragmentation of the dihydropyrimidine structure was characterized by the loss of the m‐bromofluorobenzene group to generate an ion at m/z 220.0175. The morpholine ring was characterized by an ion at m/z 100.0757.CONCLUSIONSThe metabolites of GLS4 in humans were identified by the diagnostic ions of dihydropyrimidine and morpholine rings. GLS4 underwent extensive dealkylation, hydrolysis, dehydrogenation, oxidation, and glucuronidation reactions in humans. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deiodination of iodinated aromatic compounds with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Hvattum Erlend , Priebe Hanno 
Published: October 2013

RATIONALEDehalogenation of iodinated X‐ray contrast media (ICM) has been reported using electrochemical and bioelectrochemical systems. Correspondingly, dehalogenation of aromatic halogens has also been reported in mass spectrometry (MS) using different ionization techniques like chemical ionization (CI), thermospray, fast‐atom bombardment (FAB) and FAB‐liquid secondary ionization mass spectrometry (LSIMS). The aim of the present work was to study deiodination of iodinated aromatic compounds in MS with electrospray ionization (ESI).METHODSThe iodinated aromatic compounds were characterized by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) using a quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTof)‐micro MS instrument and ESI in both positive and negative ion mode. The effect of mobile phase additives like formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, ammonium formate and ammonium acetate on the negative and positive ESI mass spectra of the iodinated aromatic compounds was studied.RESULTSFormic acid and ammonium formate induced deiodination of the iodinated aromatic compounds with ESI‐MS. Neither acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid nor ammonium acetate induced the deiodination reaction. The effect was most pronounced with negative ESI where the HI product of the deiodination reaction easily adhered to the aromatic compounds giving rise to HI adducts in the mass spectra. The deiodination reaction was shown to take place in the ESI capillary, since the extent of the reaction was largely dependent on the capillary voltage. The calculated heat of reaction for deiodination of the iodinated aromatic compounds was significantly exothermic for formic acid. This was not the case for acetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid.CONCLUSIONSCare should be taken when using formic acid as a mobile phase additive in LC/MS analyses of iodinated aromatic compounds, since the interpretation of the mass spectra might be influenced by potential dehalogenation reactions taking place in the ESI capillary. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Straight Left Heart Border: A New Radiological Sign of a Hemopericardium
Authors: Nicol Andrew John , Navsaria Pradeep Harkison , Beningfield Steve , Kahn Delawir 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundDetection of a cardiac injury in a stable patient after a penetrating chest injury can be difficult. Ultrasound of the pericardial sac may be associated with a false negative result in the presence of a hemothorax. A filling in of the left heart border inferior to the pulmonary artery, called the straight left heart border (SLHB), is a radiological sign on chest X‐ray that we have found to be associated with the finding of a hemopericardium at surgery. The aim of the present study was to determine if this was a reliable and reproducible sign.MethodsThis was a prospective study of patients with a penetrating chest injury admitted between 1 October 2001 and 28 February 2009, who had no indication for immediate surgery, and were taken to the operating room for creation of a subxiphoid pericardial window (SPW). The chest X‐ray was reviewed by a single trauma surgeon prior to surgery.ResultsA total of 162 patients with a possible occult cardiac injury underwent creation of a SPW. Fifty‐five of the 162 patients (34 %) were noted to have a SLHB on chest X‐ray and a hemopericardium confirmed at SPW. The sensitivity of the SLHB sign was 40 %; specificity, 84 %; and positive predictive value, 89 %. (p = 0.005, Odds ratio 3.48, lower 1.41, upper 8.62).ConclusionsThe straight left heart border is a newly described radiological sign that was highly significant in predicting the presence of a hemopericardium and should alert the clinician to a possible occult cardiac injury.
Conjoint Community Resiliency Assessment Measure‐28/10 Items (CCRAM28 and CCRAM10): A Self‐report Tool for Assessing Community Resilience
Authors: Leykin Dmitry , Lahad Mooli , Cohen Odeya , Goldberg Avishay , Aharonson-Daniel Limor 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCommunity resilience is used to describe a community's ability to deal with crises or disruptions. The Conjoint Community Resiliency Assessment Measure (CCRAM) was developed in order to attain an integrated, multidimensional instrument for the measurement of community resiliency. The tool was developed using an inductive, exploratory, sequential mixed methods design. The objective of the present study was to portray and evaluate the CCRAM's psychometric features. A large community sample (N = 1,052) were assessed by the CCRAM tool, and the data was subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. A Five factor model (21 items) was obtained, explaining 67.67 % of the variance. This scale was later reduced to 10‐item brief instrument. Both scales showed good internal consistency coefficients (α = .92 and α = .85 respectively), and acceptable fit indices to the data. Seven additional items correspond to information requested by leaders, forming the CCRAM28. The CCRAM has been shown to be an acceptable practical tool for assessing community resilience. Both internal and external validity have been demonstrated, as all factors obtained in the factor analytical process, were tightly linked to previous literature on community resilience. The CCRAM facilitates the estimation of an overall community resiliency score but furthermore, it detects the strength of five important constructs of community function following disaster: Leadership, Collective Efficacy, Preparedness, Place Attachment and Social Trust. Consequently, the CCRAM can serve as an aid for community leaders to assess, monitor, and focus actions to enhance and restore community resilience for crisis situations.
Utility of MRI for Diagnosing Complete Tears of the Collateral Ligaments of the Metacarpophalangeal Joints of the Lesser Digits
Authors: Lutsky Kevin , Levi David , Beredjiklian Pedro 
Published: October 2013

Background MRI has been shown to be highly accurate in assessing collateral ligament injuries of the metacarpophalangeal joint (MPJ) of the thumb. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of MRI for diagnosing collateral ligament tears of the MPJ of the fingers. Our hypothesis is that MRI would accurately detect complete tears of collateral ligaments of the lesser digit MPJs. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 22 digits in 20 patients undergoing finger MPJ collateral ligament repair. All patients had preoperative MRI scans. The findings on preoperative imaging studies were compared to the intraoperative findings. Results All patients had surgically confirmed complete tears of the collateral ligament in question. In 8 of 22 MRI scans (36 %), the preoperative imaging study was inaccurate. Of these eight patients, MRI was interpreted as no tear in one and a partial tear in seven. The sensitivity of MRI for diagnosing a complete tear was 64 %. In all three digits in which 3-T MRI scanning was utilized and documented, the preoperative imaging results did not correlate with the intraoperative findings. Conclusions Although MRI can be considered a useful adjunct to evaluating patients with collateral ligament injuries of the fingers, the sensitivity is poor and the imaging results can underestimate the extent of injury. In light of this, the emphasis for determining appropriate course of treatment remains on history and mechanism of injury, physical examination, and patient disability.
Are sexual media exposure, parental restrictions on media use and co‐viewing TV and DVDs with parents and friends associated with teenagers' early sexual behaviour?
Authors: Parkes Alison , Wight Daniel , Hunt Kate , Henderson Marion , Sargent James 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSexual content in teenagers' media diets is known to predict early sexual behaviour. Research on sexual content has not allowed for the social context of media use, which may affect selection and processing of content. This study investigated whether sexual media content and/or contextual factors (co‐viewing, parental media restrictions) were associated with early sexual behaviour using 2251 14–15 year‐olds from Scotland, UK. A third (n = 733) reported sexual intercourse. In multivariable analysis the likelihood of intercourse was lower with parental restriction of sexual media and same‐sex peer co‐viewing; but higher with mixed‐sex peer co‐viewing. Parental co‐viewing, other parental restrictions on media and sexual film content exposure were not associated with intercourse. Findings suggest the context of media use may influence early sexual behaviour. Specific parental restrictions on sexual media may offer more protection against early sex than other restrictions or parental co‐viewing. Further research is required to establish causal mechanisms.
Reducing Householders’ Grocery Carbon Emissions: Carbon Literacy and Carbon Label Preferences
Authors: Sharp Anne , Wheeler Meagan 
Published: September 2013

Government and industry are increasingly calling upon households to lower their carbon emissions through improved consumption choices. Grocery products, because of their high volume, are a significant contributor to emissions and have become a focus for behaviour change efforts. Yet the assumption that the consumer knows, cares and can comprehend the information they are given in a carbon label is yet to be empirically established as consumer carbon literacy and perceptions of carbon label designs are not yet well researched. This paper finds that Australian householders have low pre-existing carbon knowledge and are consequently poor at identifying high carbon emitting grocery products, unaided. This suggests a role for on-pack carbon labels to assist at-shelf choices. However, given the quick and habitual nature of grocery shopping, a significant challenge lies in how best to communicate emissions for consumer cut-through and awareness. Testing of competing carbon labels finds that householders give highest preference ratings to formats that show emissions relative to other products, rather than stand alone, and for ones that use the traditional traffic light colour system. Governments, manufacturers, and marketers can use these findings in their efforts to raise consumers’ carbon literacy and encourage more informed grocery carbon emission choices.
Clinical effects of gynecologic laparoscopy courses in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Elbiss Hassan M. , Raheel Hina , George Sami , Abu‐Zidan Fikri M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of gynecologic laparoscopy courses on the participants' laparoscopy practice.MethodsWe conducted 5 repeated laparoscopy courses between 2008 and 2012 at the United Arab Emirates University in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, so as to enhance performance in the operating room. An electronic questionnaire was sent to all participants from each of the courses to evaluate the impact of course attendance on clinical practice.ResultsOf 70 participants who were approached to complete the online questionnaire, 38 (54.3%) responded. The majority were female (94.7%) and specialists (65.8%). Half the participants (50.0%) thought they would probably not have started performing laparoscopy without having attended the course. Of the participants, 18.4% thought that their operating skills had greatly improved, 63.2% felt that their operating skills had improved moderately to a lot, and 6/12 participants who had not been performing laparoscopy before attendance of the course began doing so. Overall, the course had no significant impact on the participants' performance of laparoscopy (P = 0.51, McNemar test), but the proportion of participants who performed level II laparoscopy was significantly increased after course attendance (10.5% versus 47.4%; P = 0.001, McNemar test).ConclusionGynecologic laparoscopy courses encourage gynecologists to use laparoscopy in clinical practice.
Biomarker tests for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Generating evidence to inform insurance coverage determinations
Authors: Pearson Steven D. , Ollendorf Daniel A. , Colby Jennifer A. ,   ICER Alzheimer's Diagnostics Policy Development Group
Published: October 2013

AbstractOutside of their uses in drug development and clinical research trials, the current clinical value of performing any type of formal biomarker testing for the diagnosis or exclusion of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is controversial, and most biomarker tests for AD are not covered by public or private insurers. This situation raises the issue of how insurers determine whether there is “adequate” evidence to justify a positive coverage determination in this area. This article, a focused condensation of a larger white paper, is the product of an initiative led by the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review to convene a multiple‐stakeholder AD Diagnostics Policy Development Group composed of patient advocates, clinicians, clinical researchers, manufacturers, and insurers. The larger white paper was the basis for the evidence review presented to the Medicare Evidence Development and Coverage Advisory Committee meeting on January 30, 2013, as part of its deliberations on positron emission tomography–amyloid imaging. Herein we focus on the description of the core elements of what insurers will be looking for in evidence on all potential diagnostic tests for AD. Corresponding research recommendations are also included, framed to serve as a guide for future AD diagnostics research.
Popcorn in the cinema: Oral interference sabotages advertising effects
Authors: Topolinski Sascha , Lindner Sandy , Freudenberg Anna 
Published: September 2013

AbstractOne important psychological mechanism of advertising is mere exposure inducing positive attitudes towards brands. Recent basic research has shown that the underlying mechanism of mere exposure for words, in turn, is the training of subvocal pronunciation, which can be obstructed by oral motor‐interference. Commercials for foreign brands were shown in cinema sessions while participants either ate popcorn, chewed gum (oral interference) or consumed a single sugar cube (control). Brand choice and brand attitudes were assessed one week later. While control participants more likely spent money (Experiment 1, N = 188) and exhibited higher preference and physiological responses (Experiment 2, N = 96) for advertised than for novel brands, participants who had consumed popcorn or gum during commercials showed no advertising effects. It is concluded that advertising might be futile under ecological situations involving oral interference, such as snacking or talking, which ironically is often the case.
Warmth and conformity: The effects of ambient temperature on product preferences and financial decisions
Authors: Huang Xun (Irene) , Zhang Meng , Hui Michael K. , Wyer Robert S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractComfortable ambient temperatures can influence consumer preferences for conformity. The results of three laboratory experiments suggest that warm (vs. cool) temperatures dispose consumers toward using others' opinions as the basis for product preferences, stock price forecasts, and betting. Warm temperatures increased the participants' perceptions of social closeness to other decision‐makers, thus leading them to consider the opinions of those decision‐makers to have greater validity. This enhanced validity, in turn, rendered them more likely to conform to the crowd. This effect was confirmed in an analysis of betting behavior at the racetrack over a three‐year period. Bets were more likely to converge on the “favorite” (i.e., the majority‐endorsed option) when the temperature at the track was warm.
Coordinated transporter activity shapes high-affinity iron acquisition in cyanobacteria
Authors: Kranzler Chana , Lis Hagar , Finkel Omri M , Schmetterer Georg , Shaked Yeala , Keren Nir 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Iron bioavailability limits biological activity in many aquatic and terrestrial environments. Broad scale genomic meta-analyses indicated that within a single organism, multiple iron transporters may contribute to iron acquisition. Here, we present a functional characterization of a cyanobacterial iron transport pathway that utilizes concerted transporter activities. Cyanobacteria are significant contributors to global primary productivity with high iron demands. Certain cyanobacterial species employ a siderophore-mediated uptake strategy; however, many strains possess neither siderophore biosynthesis nor siderophore transport genes. The unicellular, planktonic, freshwater cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, employs an alternative to siderophore-based uptake-reduction of Fe(III) species before transport through the plasma membrane. In this study, we combine short-term radioactive iron uptake and reduction assays with a range of disruption mutants to generate a working model for iron reduction and uptake in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. We found that the Fe(II) transporter, FeoB, is the major iron transporter in this organism. In addition, we uncovered a link between a respiratory terminal oxidase (Alternate Respiratory Terminal Oxidase) and iron reduction - suggesting a coupling between these two electron transfer reactions. Furthermore, quantitative RNA transcript analysis identified a function for subunits of the Fe(III) transporter, FutABC, in modulating reductive iron uptake. Collectively, our results provide a molecular basis for a tightly coordinated, high-affinity iron transport system.
Purine biosynthesis-deficient Burkholderia mutants are incapable of symbiotic accommodation in the stinkbug
Authors: Kim Jiyeun Kate , Jang Ho Am , Won Yeo Jin , Kikuchi Yoshitomo , Heum Han Sang , Kim Chan-Hee , Nikoh Naruo , Fukatsu Takema , Lee Bok Luel 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The Riptortus–Burkholderia symbiotic system represents a promising experimental model to study the molecular mechanisms involved in insect–bacterium symbiosis due to the availability of genetically manipulated Burkholderia symbiont. Using transposon mutagenesis screening, we found a symbiosis-deficient mutant that was able to colonize the host insect but failed to induce normal development of host’s symbiotic organ. The disrupted gene was identified as purL involved in purine biosynthesis. In vitro growth impairment of the purL mutant and its growth dependency on adenine and adenosine confirmed the functional disruption of the purine synthesis gene. The purL mutant also showed defects in biofilm formation, and this defect was not rescued by supplementation of purine derivatives. When inoculated to host insects, the purL mutant was initially able to colonize the symbiotic organ but failed to attain a normal infection density. The low level of infection density of the purL mutant attenuated the development of the host’s symbiotic organ at early instar stages and reduced the host’s fitness throughout the nymphal stages. Another symbiont mutant-deficient in a purine biosynthesis gene, purM, showed phenotypes similar to those of the purL mutant both in vitro and in vivo, confirming that the purL phenotypes are due to disrupted purine biosynthesis. These results demonstrate that the purine biosynthesis genes of the Burkholderia symbiont are critical for the successful accommodation of symbiont within the host, thereby facilitating the development of the host’s symbiotic organ and enhancing the host’s fitness values.