bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topographically Flat Substrates with Embedded Nanoplasmonic Devices for Biosensing
Authors: Jose Jincy , Jordan Luke R. , Johnson Timothy W. , Lee Si Hoon , Wittenberg Nathan J. , Oh Sang‐Hyun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe ability to precisely control the topography, roughness, and chemical properties of metallic nanostructures is crucial for applications in plasmonics, nanofluidics, electronics, and biosensing. Here a simple method to produce embedded nanoplasmonic devices that can generate tunable plasmonic fields on ultraflat surfaces is demonstrated. Using a template‐stripping technique, isolated metallic nanodisks and wires are embedded in optical epoxy, which is capped with a thin silica overlayer using atomic layer deposition. The top silica surface is topographically flat and laterally homogeneous, providing a uniform, high‐quality biocompatible substrate, while the nanoplasmonic architecture hidden underneath creates a tunable plasmonic landscape for optical imaging and sensing. The localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanodisks embedded underneath flat silica films is used for real‐time kinetic sensing of the formation of a supported lipid bilayer and subsequent receptor‐ligand binding. Gold nanodisks can also be embedded in elastomeric materials, which can be peeled off the substrate to create flexible plasmonic membranes that conform to non‐planar surfaces.
Synthesis of 4‐Trifluoromethylpyridines by [5+1] Cyclization of 3‐Hydroxy‐pent‐4‐yn‐1‐ones with Urea
Authors: Iaroshenko Viktor O. , Ostrovskyi Dmytro , Ayub Khurshid , Spannenberg Anke , Langer Peter 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTrifluoromethyl‐substituted 1,3‐diketones can undergo direct alkynylation reactions which are not possible for alkyl‐ or aryl‐substituted derivatives. The products can be easily transformed into 2,6‐diaryl‐4‐trifluoromethylpyridines by acid‐mediated [5+1] cyclization with urea. The reaction was thoroughly optimized by variation of the conditions and the scope was studied in detail. The products are not readily available by other methods. A plausible mechanism was suggested based on DFT calculations.
Assessment of gas flow characteristics and reaction kinetics of chemical vapour deposition reactors for the production of nano‐hybrid fibres
Authors: Rashid Suraya Abdul , Rashid Muhammad Zamir Abdul , Musa Muharniza Azinita , Othman Siti Hajar 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTChemical vapour deposition (CVD) had been used to produce carbon nanotube (CNT) coated carbon fibre, referred to in this work as nano‐hybrid fibres. In order to understand the gas flow behaviour inside the CVD reactor, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been utilised to simulate the process in a horizontal CVD reactor together with a vertical CVD reactor for comparison. For simplicity purposes, the CNT synthesis was represented by ferrocene decomposition into iron, which acts as the catalyst for CNT formation. The gas flow behaviour inside the horizontal reactor was asymmetrical in nature and seen to be dominated by recirculation effects compared with the vertical reactor, which was symmetrical and generally lacking in circulation. The impact of the gas flow characteristics on the reaction rates of the ferrocene decomposition and mass fraction of chemical species was also investigated. The kinetic rate of reaction in the horizontal reactor was found to be 2–3 orders of magnitude larger in the horizontal reactor compared with the vertical reactor. The results provide valuable insight into the best approach for producing nano‐hybrid fibres in a one‐step continuous process. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multistage dynamic optimization of a copolymerization reactor using differential evolution
Authors: Anand P. , Venkateswarlu Ch. , Bhagvanth Rao M. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTA multistage dynamic optimization methodology with sequential implementation procedure is proposed, and the evolutionary optimizing features of differential evolution (DE) are exploited to implement the methodology for optimal control of a semi‐batch copolymerization reactor. DE is designed and implemented to determine the optimal control policies for monomer addition rate and reactor temperature to produce a polymer with the desired copolymer composition and molecular weight distribution. Further, a similar multistage dynamic optimization strategy based on iterative dynamic programming is used for optimal control of copolymerization reactor and to compare with DE. The results show the effectiveness of the DE‐based multistage dynamic optimization strategy in determining the optimal control policies that yield the desired polymer product characteristics. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of polytetrafluoroethylene on the foaming behaviors of linear polypropylene in continuous extrusion
Authors: Wang Kun , Wu Fei , Zhai Wentao , Zheng Wenge 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLinear polypropylene (PP) foams, blown in the continuous extrusion process using supercritical CO2 as the blowing agent, exhibited poor cell morphology and narrow foaming window, because of their low melt strength. In this study, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was blended with PP resin with the aim of improving the foaming behavior of PP. It was found that the PTFE particles were deformed into fine fibers under shear or extensional flows during the extrusion process, which significantly increased the melt strength of PP from 0.005 N to 0.03 N (PP/PTFE with PTFE content of 4.0 wt %) at 230°C. The experimental results indicated that the presence of PTFE improved the cell morphology of PP foams and broadened the foaming window of PP. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Inhibition of DNA synthesis facilitates expansion of low‐complexity repeats
Authors: Kuzminov Andrei 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSimple DNA repeats (trinucleotide repeats, micro‐ and minisatellites) are prone to expansion/contraction via formation of secondary structures during DNA synthesis. Such structures both inhibit replication forks and create opportunities for template‐primer slippage, making these repeats unstable. Certain aspects of simple repeat instability, however, suggest additional mechanisms of replication inhibition dependent on the primary DNA sequence, rather than on secondary structure formation. I argue that expanded simple repeats, due to their lower DNA complexity, should transiently inhibit DNA synthesis by locally depleting specific DNA precursors. Such transient inhibition would promote formation of secondary structures and would stabilize these structures, facilitating strand slippage. Thus, replication problems at simple repeats could be explained by potentiated toxicity, where the secondary structure‐driven repeat instability is enhanced by DNA polymerase stalling at the low complexity template DNA.This minireview is dedicated to the FASEB‐2012 meeting “Dynamic DNA Structures in Biology”, organized by Nancy Maizels and Sergei Mirkin.
Determination of paroxetine in serum treated with simple pretreatment by pre‐column high‐performance liquid chromatography using 4‐(5,6‐dimethoxy‐2‐phthalimidinyl)‐2‐methoxyphenylsulfonyl chloride as a fluorescent labeling reagent
Authors: Inoue Hirofumi , Harada Takuya , Eto Seiji , Nakashima Ken , Ibusuki Takuya , Kosha Keiko , Date Yuuko , Sanematsu Emiko , Shinohara Yoshitake , Takahashi Kojiro , Yoshimura Reiji , Nakamura Jun , Kojima Eijiro , Tsuruta Yasuto 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe therapeutic drug monitoring of paroxetine could be used to optimize the pharmacological treatment of depressed patients. A simple and sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography procedure was developed for the determination of paroxetine in serum. After simple pretreatment of serum (50 μL) with acetonitrile and o‐phthalaldehyde, paroxetine was derivatized with 4‐(5,6‐dimethoxy‐2‐phthalimidinyl)‐2‐methoxyphenylsulfonyl chloride at 70°C for 20 min in borate buffer (0.1 mol/L, pH 8.0) to produce a fluorescent product. The derivative was separated on a reversed‐phase column at 40°C for stepwise elution with (A) acetic acid (10 mmol/L) and (B) acetonitrile. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The fluorescence intensity was monitored at excitation and emission wavelengths of 320 and 400 nm, respectively. The within‐day and day‐to‐day relative standard deviations were 3.0–3.4 and 2.7–8.3%, respectively. The detection limit of paroxetine was 8.3 fmol at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3. As the proposed method that only requires a small quantity of serum (50 μL) is simple, sensitive and reproducible, it would be useful for clinical and biochemical research as well as drug monitoring. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure–Activity Relationships of Glucosamine‐Derived Glycerolipids: the Role of the Anomeric Linkage, the Cationic Charge and the Glycero Moiety on the Antitumor Activity
Authors: Xu Yaozu , Ogunsina Makanjuola , Samadder Pranati , Arthur Gilbert , Schweizer Frank 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe potent antitumor activity of 1‐O‐hexadecyl‐2‐O‐methyl‐3‐O‐(2′‐amino‐2′‐deoxy‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐sn‐glycerol (1) was previously shown to arise through an apoptosis‐independent pathway. Here, a systematic structure–activity study in which the effects of the anomeric linkage, the cationic charge and the glycero moiety on the antitumor activity is described. Eight analogues of 1 were synthesized, and their antitumor activity against breast (JIMT1 and BT549), pancreas (MiaPaCa2) and prostate (DU145, PC3) cancer was determined. 1‐O‐Hexadecyl‐2‐O‐methyl‐3‐O‐(2′‐amino‐2′‐deoxy‐α‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐sn‐glycerol (2) consistently displayed the most potent activity against all five cell lines with CC50 values in the range of 6–10 μM. However, replacement of the O‐glycosidic linkage by a thioglycosidic linkage or replacement of the amino group by an azide or guanidino group leads to a threefold or greater decrease in potency. The glycero moiety also contributes to the overall activity of 1 and 2 but its effects are of lesser importance. Investigation into the mode of action of this class of compounds revealed that, in agreement with previous findings, the cytotoxic effects arise through induction of large acid vacuoles.
Understanding Self‐Photorechargeability of WO3 for H2 Generation without Light Illumination
Authors: Ng Charlene , Iwase Akihide , Ng Yun Hau , Amal Rose 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis work presents insight into the self‐photorechargeability of WO3, whereby the intercalation of positive alkali cations is accompanied by the simultaneous storage of photo‐excited electrons. The cyclic voltammetry studies verify the photo‐assisted intercalation and de‐intercalation of Na+ and K+ from the flower structured WO3. A storage capacity of up to 0.722 C cm−2 can be achieved in a saturated (0.68 M) K2SO4 electrolyte solution. However, the best photo recharge–discharge stability of the electrode are observed at a lower (0.1 M) cation concentration. At high electrolyte concentrations, the intercalated cations are firmly trapped, as indicated by the structural modifications observed in Raman analysis, resulting in much less photocharging and discharging abilities in subsequent cycles. The study also shows that the stored electrons can be successfully used to generate H2 with 100 % faradaic efficiency in the absence of light.
Preparation of Mesoporous NiO with Excellent Pseudocapacitive Behavior
Authors: Chen Hui , Xu Jinling , Xu Xiaowen , Zhang Qianli 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe report a simple and scalable strategy to synthesize mesoporous NiO with nickel oxide nanoparticles of 3–6 nm crystalline walls and 4–5 nm pore diameter with the assistance of MoO42– as templating agent at room temperature. The product has a moderately high surface area of 294 m2 g–1 and a high specific capacitance of 2418 F g–1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s–1, which indicates its promising potential as supercapacitor.
Mesoporous Carbon Incorporated with In2O3 Nanoparticles as High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad , Oveisi Hamid , Hu Chi‐Chang , Wu Kevin C.‐W. , Suzuki Norihiro , Takai Kimiko , Kamachi Yuichiro , Imura Masataka , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWell‐organized mesoporous carbon impregnated with In2O3 nanoparticles can be used as supercapacitor electrodes. The uniformly distributed In2O3 nanoparticles in the mesoporous carbon matrix are effectively utilized for the enhancement of capacitive performance.
Tuning the Stereoselectivity in One‐Pot Scission/Addition Processes: Synthesis of Azanucleotide Analogues from Proline Derivatives
Authors: Miguélez‐Ramos Javier , Batchu Venkateswara Rao , Boto Alicia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe one‐pot preparation of azanucleotide analogues from proline derivatives has been achieved by a sequential radical decarboxylation/phosphorylation process. The process proceeded under mild conditions, giving high yields of the nucleotide analogues. Remarkably, the stereoselectivity of the reaction can be controlled by using different oxygen and nitrogen substituents at C‐4 to give preferentially either the 2,4‐cis or 2,4‐trans products. In this way, the diastereomeric cis/trans ratio can be shifted from 98:2 to 15:85.
Arsenic present in the soil-vine-wine chain in vineyards situated in an old mining area in Trentino, Italy
Authors: Bertoldi Daniela , Villegas Tomás Román , Larcher Roberto , Santato Alessandro , Nicolini Giorgio 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The present study follows arsenic (As) transfer through the chain of soil-vine-leaves-grapes-wine to assess the possible risk of arsenic intake related to consuming grapes and wines produced in 10 vineyards located in a mining area rich in this element. The results are compared with date from 18 uncontaminated areas. In the soil, the content of As extracted with acqua regia and that extracted with ammonium acetate, were analyzed. Leaves and berries were analyzed after washing with acidified aqueous solution and acid mineralization in a closed vessel, whereas wines were simply diluted before analysis. All analyses were performed using an inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometer. The aqua regia extractable As concentration in soil ranged from 3.7 to 283 mg/kg, whereas available As varied from 18 to 639 µg/kg, and As total concentration ranged from 16.3 to 579 µg/kg dry weight in leaves and from &lt;0.1 to 36.8 µg/kg dry weight in grapes. Arsenic levels in wines were always below 1.62 µg/L, with higher concentration in red wines than in white wines. Significant and positive correlations between the As concentrations in soils, leaves, and berries are highlighted, with the samples collected near the mining area having significantly higher values. Nevertheless, As levels in wines were always well below the limit (200 µg/L) suggested by the International Organization of Vine and Wine. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:773–779. © 2013 SETAC
Copper tolerance and genetic diversity of Porcellionides sexfasciatus (ISOPODA) in a highly contaminated mine habitat
Authors: Costa Dalila , Bouchon Didier , van Straalen Nico M. , Sousa José Paulo , Ribeiro Rui 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Organisms inhabiting metal-contaminated areas may develop metal tolerance, with either phenotypic adjustments or genetic changes (adaptation) or with both. In the present study, three populations of the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides sexfasciatus, collected at an abandoned mine area, were compared to assess the effects of metal contamination on tolerance to lethal and sublethal levels of copper, through comparison of survival, avoidance, and feeding. The effects of metal contamination on genetic diversity were considered using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. No evidence of increased metal tolerance of the population inhabiting the contaminated site was found. There was no correlation between metal exposure and within-population genetic variance, but the three populations were clearly separated from each other. In conclusion, the populations of P. sexfasciatus in the mine landscape live rather isolated from each other and show no differential tolerance to Cu or indications of genetic erosion. Their phenotypic plasticity provides a means to survive despite exposure to extremely high metal concentrations in the soil. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:884–888. © 2013 SETAC
Potential for metal contamination by direct sonication of nanoparticle suspensions
Authors: Betts Julia N. , Johnson Mark G. , Rygiewicz Paul T. , King George A. , Andersen Christian P. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
While conducting toxicity tests with nano titanium dioxide, the authors found that test suspensions were being contaminated with aluminum and titanium from tip erosion during direct sonication. The contaminating alloy particles had a measurable size distribution and zeta potential using dynamic light scattering, which changed the measured characteristics of the suspensions. Caution should be used when employing direct sonication for preparing test suspensions due to potential interferences of these particles in toxicological assessments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:889–893. © 2013 SETAC
Malignant histiocytosis and related tumors. A clinicopathologic study of 42 cases using cytological, histochemical and ultrastructural parameters
Authors: Van Heerde Peter , Feltkamp Constance A. , Hart Augustinus A. M. , Somers Reinier , Van Unnik Jan A. M. , Vroom Thea M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLight and electron microscopical, immunohistochemical and clinical characteristics in 42 cases of malignant neoplasms, arising from true histiocytes, are described. These were separated in a lymphoma‐like subtype, called true histiocytic lymphoma (29 patients) and a disseminated variant, called malignant histiocytosis (9 patients). In addition 4 related histiocytic tumors are discussed, including 2 tumors arising from interdigitating cells.Sinus pattern and cytologic features, especially ‘window’ nuclei, are emphasized as diagnostic criteria. Erythrophagocytosis was not a constant finding. Electron microscopic features, presence of acid phosphatase, acid a‐naphthylacetate esterase, lysozyme, a1‐antitrypsin, a1‐antichymotrypsin, Ia‐antigen and absence of B‐ and T‐cell markers, were important in establishing the histiocytic nature or excluding a non‐histiocytic tumor.A distinct male predominance existed (♂:♀ = 2·5:1) with a higher relapse free period in females (p = 0·032). A high number of mitotic figures appeared to be a favourable sign, p = 0·020 and 0·019, for remission rate and relapse free period respectively. The degree of cell differentiation and the immunohistochemical pattern did not show a correlation with remission and relapse free period. Extranodal involvement and the presence of short profiles of endoplasmic reticulum were prognostically unfavourable signs. True histiocytic lymphomas showed a higher remission rate (p = 0·041) and relapse‐free period (p = 0·017) than malignant histiocytosis.
The prognostic significance of large mediastinal masses in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. The experience of the institut gustave‐roussy
Authors: Cosset J. M. , Henry‐Amar M. , Carde P. , Clarke D. , Le Bourgeois J. P. , Tubiana M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAt the Institut Gustave‐Roussy we undertook a study of 154 patients with clinical stages I and II Hodgkin's disease treated by irradiation to evaluate the prognostic significance of the mediastinal mass size. The population under study included those patients treated at our institute and entered into the H2and H5E.O.R.T.C. trials between 1972 and 1981.Patients were divided into three groups for purposes of analysis; large mediastinal masses (MT ratio ≥ 0·35) were noted in 20 cases (13 per cent), moderate mediastinal invasion (MT ratio < 0·35) was observed in 60 cases (39 per cent), and 74 patients (48 per cent) had no mediastinal involvement on presentation. Intrathoracic relapses were more frequent in those patients with mediastinal involvement at presentation (p< 0·001) but there was no statistically significant difference between those patients with ‘large’ masses and patients with ‘small’ masses. Additionally multivariate analyses showed that neither the presence nor the size of mediastinal disease adversely affected relapse free survival or overall survival.These results can perhaps be linked to the technique of radiotherapy where a ‘split course’ technique was habitually used for large masses and the radiation fields were routinely modified during treatment according to the tumour response. Consequently we do not advocate the routine use of extensive primary treatment such as combined modality therapy utilizing MOPP chemotherapy for all patients presenting with bulky mediastinal masses. Rather chemotherapy should be reserved for those tumours which are particularly voluminous (MT ratio > 0·50) where primary radiotherapy may potentially result in unsatisfactory late pulmonary complications. We also advise the use of combined modality therapy for those patients who may additionally have certain unfavourable prognostic factors which we have previously identified.
Bulky mediastinal Hodgkin's disease management and prognosis
Authors: Liew K. H. , Easton D. , Horwich A. , Barrett A. , Peckham M. J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOf a total of 235 Stage I and II Hodgkin's disease patients treated between 1970 and 1979, 103 (43·8 per cent) had mediastinal involvement in 45 of whom the disease was bulky and in 58 non‐bulky. This report concentrates on bulky disease patients of whom 45 per cent did not relapse after therapy and 71 per cent are alive. Patients with mediastinal disease were treated with radiotherapy (63), sequential chemo‐radiotherapy (37) or chemotherapy alone (3). In the radiotherapy group the relapse rate for bulky disease was significantly higher (65 per cent) than for non‐bulky disease (44 per cent) (P < 0·05) although there was no significant difference in survival. Neither relapse rate nor survival differed significantly in bulky disease patients treated with radiotherapy compared with combined chemo‐radiotherapy although there was a 20 per cent difference in relapse‐free survival rate in favour of the combined treatment group at five years. Treatments were not allocated randomly and the chemo‐radiotherapy group contained a disproportionate number of patients with adverse features (> 3 node areas involved, limited lung extension) compared with the irradiated group: 11/25 and 2/17 respectively. The number of lymph node areas involved appeared to influence the relapse rate in the radiotherapy group. There was no correlation between mediastinal mass size and number of node areas involved suggesting that these two features may be independent prognostic factors.