bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exergaming to Increase Physical Activity in Older Adults: Feasibility and Practical Implications
Authors: Rytterström Patrik , Strömberg Anna , Jaarsma Tiny , Klompstra Leonie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To evaluate the feasibility of exergaming among older adults, focusing on acceptability, demand, implementation, and practicality. Additionally, to offer practical implications based on the review's findings.

Recent Findings
Exergaming is a safe for older adults, potentially increasing physical activity, balance, cognition, and mood. Despite these possible benefits, barriers such as unfamiliarity with equipment, complex controls, and unclear instructions may challenge older adults in exergaming.

Summary
Based on the experience of older adults, they found exergaming enjoyable, particularly the social interactions. Exergaming was perceived as physically and cognitively demanding, with technical and safety challenges. Introducing exergaming requires thorough familiarization, including written and video instructions, follow-up support, and home accessibility. To be able to follow improvements during exergaming as well as age-appropriate challenges are important for successful integration into daily life.
Based on these findings, an ExerGameFlow model for older adults was developed which provides practical implications for future design of exergames and interventions.
Structure and Function of Restored and Natural Salt Marshes: Implications for Ecosystem Resilience and Adaptive Potential
Authors: Crosby Sarah C. , Hudson David M. , Hughes A. Randall , Bartholet Anna , Burns Kasey T. , Donato Mary K. , Healy Devan S. , Raviraj Rebha , Sperry Katherine , Spiller Nicole C. , Susarchick Justin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSalt marshes have ecological and economic value, but shoreline development, the increasing rate of sea-level rise, and other human impacts have caused significant loss of salt marshes. As a result, restoration of these ecosystems is widespread. For restoration and management to be effective, it is imperative to improve our understanding of marsh-building plants that serve as the ecological foundation of these habitats. Given the observed differences in characteristics between populations of smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, restoration plantings may impact the biodiversity and resilience of restored ecosystems. Understanding differences in the structural and functional outcomes of active planting of restoration sites will enable the long-term success of restoration efforts to be improved. Natural and restored salt marshes in Long Island Sound were studied in 2021–2022 for S. alterniflora genetics, biomass, stem morphology, and faunal community composition. The average genotypic diversity of S. alterniflora was more than 4 times higher in restored than in natural marshes, and differentiation between each restored site and natural sites decreased with time. No difference was observed in live S. alterniflora belowground biomass; however, mean dead belowground biomass in natural marshes was more than 3 times greater than in restored marshes. Marsh platform invertebrates differed between the restored and natural sites, with natural marsh edge habitats having 9 times higher density of Geukensia demissa and 3 times as many crab burrows than in restored marshes, but there was no detected difference in species richness or abundance of nekton at high tide. With restoration practitioners seeking resilient, self-sustaining ecosystems, it is important to evaluate whether restored marsh characteristics are consistent with those goals and modify restoration planning accordingly to incorporate genetics, structure, and function.
Beyond Psychology: An Arts-Based Visual Inquiry
Authors: Rhodes Paul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPracticing psychologists are typically positioned as expert practitioners, disembodied from their own psyche and the spiritual realm, engaged in assessment, formulation and intervention with their focus on the other. This paper serves as a psychologists’ arts-based visual inquiry, engaging in a dialogical research with his own psyche. In particular it serves as an inquiry about religion and restoration. The questions that I asked were. (1) How might we find hope in an apocalypse? (2) Can religion be possible without God? (3) How might art serve a form of restoration without psychology?
Operator means and the reduced relative quantum entropy
Authors: Hansen Frank 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe study operator means more general than the Kubo-Ando means. They are given as minima of geodesically convex functions and allow uniquely defined extensions to any number of variables. Multivariate hyper-means is a class of means of this type bounded from below by the arithmetic mean. We extend the definition of a hyper-man in the bivariate case and discover bivariate means that are not restrictions of the multivariate means studied earlier. We introduce the notion of reduced relative quantum entropy and prove that it is convex. The result is used to give a simplified proof of a theorem of Lieb and Seiringer.
A Multitask Learning-Based Vision Transformer for Plant Disease Localization and Classification
Authors: Hemalatha S. , Jayachandran Jai Jaganath Babu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlant disease detection is a critical task in agriculture, essential for ensuring crop health and productivity. Traditional methods in this context are often labor-intensive and prone to errors, highlighting the need for automated solutions. While computer vision-based solutions have been successfully deployed in recent years for plant disease identification and localization tasks, these often operate independently, leading to suboptimal performance. It is essential to develop an integrated solution combining these two tasks for improved efficiency and accuracy. This research proposes the innovative Plant Disease Localization and Classification model based on Vision Transformer (PDLC-ViT), which integrates co-scale, co-attention, and cross-attention mechanisms and a ViT, within a Multi-Task Learning (MTL) framework. The model was trained and evaluated on the Plant Village dataset. Key hyperparameters, including learning rate, batch size, dropout ratio, and regularization factor, were optimized through a thorough grid search. Early stopping based on validation loss was employed to prevent overfitting. The PDLC-ViT model demonstrated significant improvements in plant disease localization and classification tasks. The integration of co-scale, co-attention, and cross-attention mechanisms allowed the model to capture multi-scale dependencies and enhance feature learning, leading to superior performance compared to existing models. The PDLC-ViT model evaluated on two public datasets achieved an accuracy of 99.97%, a Mean Average Precision (MAP) of 99.18%, and a Mean Average Recall (MAR) of 99.11%. These results underscore the model's exceptional precision and recall, highlighting its robustness and reliability in detecting and classifying plant diseases. The PDLC-ViT model sets a new benchmark in plant disease detection, offering a reliable and advanced tool for agricultural applications. Its ability to integrate localization and classification tasks within an MTL framework promotes timely and accurate disease management, contributing to sustainable agriculture and food security.
Increasing Detection of Legionnaires’ Disease in a Large Italian Hospital in the Period 2016–2023
Authors: La Sorda Marilena , De Maio Flavio , Scaturro Maria , Fiori Barbara , Santarelli Giulia , Iera Jessica , Mancini Fabiola , Posteraro Brunella , Ricci Maria Luisa , Sanguinetti Maurizio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe pandemic marked the beginning of an era of dynamic and rapid changes in the diagnosis of respiratory infections. Herein we describe Legionnaires’ disease trend in the years 2016–2023 in a large Italian hospital showing how improvements in diagnostic algorithms impact on its detection.
Wind‐Induced Quasi‐Seasonal and Quasi‐Monthly Variations of Near‐Bottom Temperature on the Chukchi Slope of the Southwestern Canada Basin
Authors: Ku Ahyoung , Jeon Chanhyung , Peacock Thomas , Chae Jeong‐Yeob , Park Taewook , Cho Kyoung‐Ho , Park Jae‐Hun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe time series of near‐bottom temperatures collected from September 2018 until August 2020 from an array of three current‐ and pressure‐recording inverted echo sounders showed quasi‐seasonal and quasi‐monthly (∼28 days) variations at a depth of ∼1,300 m near the Chukchi slope in the western Arctic Ocean. They revealed an increase of ∼0.1°C during the winter‐spring period compared with the summer‐fall period. These variations were observed in the data‐assimilated Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) outputs near the observation site (correlation coefficient >0.7). They confirmed that variations in near‐bottom temperature are related to changes in the intensity of the Atlantic Water (AW) boundary current, concurrent with the deepening of the lower AW layer by approximately 50 m. The difference in sea surface height (SSH) between the Canada Basin and the Chukchi Shelf increased because of the negative wind stress curl (WSC) and retarded the AW boundary current according to the geostrophic effect. When the near‐bottom temperature increased during the winter‐spring period, the SSH in the Chukchi Shelf was lower than that in the summer‐fall period because of the less negative WSC. Quasi‐monthly variations were related to SSH on the Chukchi Shelf owing to the negative WSC. HYCOM outputs from 1994 to 2015 showed that the AW boundary current weakened more recently than in the past due to the increased melting of sea ice. The results imply that a longer sea‐ice‐free season in the Arctic amplifies changes in the AW boundary current and deep ocean temperature owing to increased atmospheric forcing.
Disentangling Carbon Concentration Changes Along Pathways of North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water
Authors: Reijnders Daan , Bakker Dorothee C. E. , van Sebille Erik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNorth Atlantic subtropical mode water (NASTMW) serves as a major conduit for dissolved carbon to penetrate into the ocean interior by its wintertime outcropping events. Prior research on NASTMW has concentrated on its physical formation and destruction, as well as Lagrangian pathways and timescales of water into and out of NASTMW. In this study, we examine how dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations are modified along Lagrangian pathways of NASTMW on subannual timescales. We introduce Lagrangian parcels into a physical‐biogeochemical model and release these parcels annually over two decades. For different pathways into, out of, and within NASTMW, we calculate changes in DIC concentrations along the path (ΔDIC), distinguishing contributions from vertical mixing and biogeochemical processes. The strongest ΔDIC is during subduction of water parcels (+101 μmol L−1 in 1 year), followed by transport out of NASTMW due to increases in density in water parcels (+10 μmol L−1). While the mean ΔDIC for parcels that persist within NASTMW in 1 year is relatively small at +6 μmol L−1, this masks underlying dynamics: individual parcels undergo interspersed DIC depletion and enrichment, spanning several timescales and magnitudes. Most DIC enrichment and depletion regimes span timescales of weeks, related to phytoplankton blooms. However, mixing and biogeochemical processes often oppose one another at short timescales, so the largest net DIC changes occur at timescales of more than 30 days. Our new Lagrangian approach complements bulk Eulerian approaches, which average out this underlying complexity, and is relevant to other biogeochemical studies, for example, on marine carbon dioxide removal.
Carbon‐Water Tradeoffs in Old‐Growth and Young Forests of the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Farinacci Michael D. , Jones Julia , Silva Lucas C. R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite much interest in relationships among carbon and water in forests, few studies assess how carbon accumulation scales with water use in forested watersheds with varied histories. This study quantified tree growth, water use efficiency, and carbon‐water tradeoffs of young versus mature/old‐growth forest in three small (13–22 ha) watersheds in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, USA. To quantify and scale carbon‐water tradeoffs from trees to watersheds, tree‐ring records and greenness and wetness indices from remote sensing were combined with long‐term vegetation, climate, and streamflow data from young forest watersheds (trees ∼45 years of age) and from a mature/old‐growth forest watershed (trees 150–500 years of age). Biomass production was closely related to water use; water use efficiency (basal area increment per unit of evapotranspiration) was lower; and carbon‐water tradeoffs were steeper in young forest plantations compared with old‐growth forest for which the tree growth record begins in the 1850s. Greenness and wetness indices from Landsat imagery were not significant predictors of streamflow or tree growth over the period 1984 to 2017, and soil C and N did not differ significantly among watersheds. Multiple lines of evidence show that mature and old‐growth forest watersheds store and accumulate more carbon, are more drought resistant, and better sustain water availability compared to young forests. These results provide a basis for reconstructions and predictions that are potentially broadly applicable, because first‐order watersheds occupy 80%–90% of large river basins and study watersheds are representative of forest history in the Pacific Northwest region.
Review of the August 1972 and March 1989 (Allen) Space Weather Events: Can We Learn Anything New From Them?
Authors: Tsurutani Bruce T. , Sen Abhijit , Hajra Rajkumar , Lakhina Gurbax S. , Horne Richard B. , Hada Tohru 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUpdated summaries of the August 1972 and March 1989 space weather events have been constructed. The features of these two events are compared to the Carrington 1859 event and a few other major space weather events. It is concluded that solar active regions release energy in a variety of forms (X‐rays, EUV photons, visible light, coronal mass ejection (CME) plasmas and fields) and they in turn can produce other energetic effects (solar energetic particles (SEPs), magnetic storms) in a variety of ways. It is clear that there is no strong one‐to‐one relationship between these various energy sinks. The energy is often distributed differently from one space weather event to the next. Concerning SEPs accelerated at interplanetary CME (ICME) shocks, it is concluded that the Fermi mechanism associated with quasi‐parallel shocks is relatively weak and that the gradient drift mechanism (electric fields) at quasi‐perpendicular shocks will produce harder spectra and higher fluxes. If the 4 August 1972 intrinsic magnetic cloud condition (southward interplanetary magnetic field instead of northward) and the interplanetary Sun to 1 au conditions were different, a 4 August 1972 magnetic storm and magnetospheric dawn‐to‐dusk electric fields substantially larger than the Carrington event would have occurred. Under these special interplanetary conditions, a Miyake et al. (2012), https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11123‐like extreme SEP event may have been formed. The long duration complex 1989 storm was probably greater than the Carrington storm in the sense that the total ring current particle energy was larger.
A Multi‐Objective Optimization‐Based Reflective Metasurface for Enhanced Multi‐Point Focusing With Diffraction Suppression
Authors: Xiao Dongping , Xu Lanxin , Su Dongping , Shi Zhuxin , Zhang Huaiqing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetasurface arrays can achieve beam control at low cost and high quality by providing different phase compensations for each unit, effectively focusing microwave energy on target locations. With the development of short‐range communication technology or microwave power transmission technology, the demand for focusing has also increased. Using metasurface arrays to achieve multi‐target focusing has wide application value. However, as the number of focal points increases, the superposition of electromagnetic wave propagation paths leads to significant interference phenomena, which can impact potential applications. Existing solutions are unable to solve such complex problems involving a large number of targets with conflicts between them. Multi‐objective algorithms, by iteratively obtaining a set of optimal solutions, provide decision support for designers in complex multi‐objective problems. This paper alters the phase of cells in a reflective array, calculates the near‐field electric field model using the Fresnel diffraction formula, and employs various solutions using the Non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA‐III) combined with different constraints. Finally, we select the balanced solution to establish the array. After simulation, three adjacent focal points with normalized central values of 1, 0.86, and 0.88 were obtained, with the maximum electric field value outside the focal points being only 0.58, demonstrating the feasibility of multi‐objective algorithms in solving complex multi‐focal problems.
Quantifying Extreme Values in Geomagnetic Perturbations Using Ground Magnetic Records
Authors: Rodríguez‐Zuluaga J. , Gjerloev J. , Ohtani S. , Zou Y. , Anderson B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe comprehensively analyzed geomagnetic perturbations using ground magnetic records from over 400 stations spanning four solar cycles, from 1976 to 2023. We assess the perturbations in the three magnetic components separately. Our study covers low, middle, and high magnetic latitudes in the northern magnetic hemisphere, with the primary objective of quantifying extreme values and evaluating their variability on magnetic latitude, local time, and solar cycle phases “minimum, ascending, maximum, and declining.” Our findings reveal spatial patterns to be less discernible as perturbations intensify, with distinct responses at middle and high latitudes. The extreme values, defined as percentiles 0 and 100, were observed to be localized and randomly distributed in local time, especially in the east magnetic component. Additionally, we observed dusk‐dawn asymmetries in the magnitude of perturbations related to the auroral electrojets, indicating complex interactions between the magnetosphere and ionosphere. Furthermore, the results reveal a preference for the most significant extreme values to occur in the declining phase of the solar cycle. These insights deepen our understanding of geomagnetic perturbations and their variability, contributing to space weather forecasting and mitigation strategies.
Epithelial CEBPD activates fibronectin and enhances macrophage adhesion in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Chang Shen-Shin , Cheng Chao-Chun , Chen Ying-Ren , Chen Feng-Wei , Cheng Ya-Min , Wang Ju-Ming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIschemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a cause of acute kidney injury in patients after renal transplantation and leads to high morbidity and mortality. Damaged kidney resident cells release cytokines and chemokines, which rapidly recruit leukocytes. Fibronectin (FN-1) contributes to immune cell migration, adhesion and growth in inflamed tissues. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta is responsive to inflammatory cytokines and stresses and plays functional roles in cell motility, extracellular matrix production and immune responses. We found that the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta was increased in renal epithelial cells in IRI mice compared with sham mice. Following IRI, the colocalization of FN-1 with the macrophage marker F4/80 was increased in renal injury model wild-type mice but was significantly attenuated in Cebpd-deficient mice. Inactivation of CEBPD can repress hypoxia-induced FN-1 expression in HK-2 cells. Moreover, the inactivation of CEBPD and FN-1 also reduces macrophage accumulation in HK-2 cells. These findings suggest that the involvement of CEBPD in macrophage accumulation through the activation of FN-1 expression and the inhibition of CEBPD can protect against renal IRI.
Stabilizing Schottky junction in conjugated polymer diodes enables long-term reliable radio-frequency energy harvesting on plastic
Authors: Lee Yongwoo , Kang Boseok , Jung Sungjune , Kwon Jimin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDue to their inherent flexibility, solution-processable conjugated polymers are increasingly being considered for the cost-effective production of thin-film semiconductor devices used in Internet of Everything (IoE) applications. With considerable improvements in charge carrier mobilities, the final challenge impeding the commercialization of conjugated polymers may be improving their environmental and electrical stabilities. Recent studies have improved the stability of computing devices (i.e., transistors) by eliminating interface traps and water molecules within conjugated polymers. However, the stability issue of Schottky diodes, which play a crucial role in configuring thin-film IoE devices used in wireless communication and energy harvesting, has been largely overlooked. This study reveals that aluminum, which is commonly used as a cathode metal in polymer Schottky diodes, creates a nonstoichiometric effect when deposited on conjugated polymers, thereby leading to the formation of charge traps over time, which reduces the rectification ratio of the Schottky diodes and induces a significant bias stress effect during operation. To address this issue, we introduce a zinc-oxide sacrificial interlayer between the conjugated polymer and cathode. This interlayer effectively eliminates the penetrated Al metal or ionized Al-induced nonstoichiometric effect without reducing the charge injection efficiency, achieving exceptional environmental and operational stability. The printed polymer Schottky diodes demonstrate consistent rectifying operation at 13.56 MHz for several months with negligible changes in electrical characteristics.
Including glutamine in a resource allocation model of energy metabolism in cancer and yeast cells
Authors: Ewald Jan , He Ziyang , Dimitriew Wassili , Schuster Stefan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnergy metabolism is crucial for all living cells, especially during fast growth or stress scenarios. Many cancer and activated immune cells (Warburg effect) or yeasts (Crabtree effect) mostly rely on aerobic glucose fermentation leading to lactate or ethanol, respectively, to generate ATP. In recent years, several mathematical models have been proposed to explain the Warburg effect on theoretical grounds. Besides glucose, glutamine is a very important substrate for eukaryotic cells—not only for biosynthesis, but also for energy metabolism. Here, we present a minimal constraint-based stoichiometric model for explaining both the classical Warburg effect and the experimentally observed respirofermentation of glutamine (WarburQ effect). We consider glucose and glutamine respiration as well as the respective fermentation pathways. Our resource allocation model calculates the ATP production rate, taking into account enzyme masses and, therefore, pathway costs. While our calculation predicts glucose fermentation to be a superior energy-generating pathway in human cells, different enzyme characteristics in yeasts reduce this advantage, in some cases to such an extent that glucose respiration is preferred. The latter is observed for the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, which is a known Crabtree-negative yeast. Further, optimization results show that glutamine is a valuable energy source and important substrate under glucose limitation, in addition to its role as a carbon and nitrogen source of biomass in eukaryotic cells. In conclusion, our model provides insights that glutamine is an underestimated fuel for eukaryotic cells during fast growth and infection scenarios and explains well the observed parallel respirofermentation of glucose and glutamine in several cell types.