bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating range‐expansion models for calculating nonnative species' expansion rate
Authors: Preuss Sonja , Low Matthew , Cassel‐Lundhagen Anna , Berggren Åsa 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSpecies range shifts associated with environmental change or biological invasions are increasingly important study areas. However, quantifying range expansion rates may be heavily influenced by methodology and/or sampling bias. We compared expansion rate estimates of Roesel's bush‐cricket (Metrioptera roeselii, Hagenbach 1822), a nonnative species currently expanding its range in south‐central Sweden, from range statistic models based on distance measures (mean, median, 95thgamma quantile, marginal mean, maximum, and conditional maximum) and an area‐based method (grid occupancy). We used sampling simulations to determine the sensitivity of the different methods to incomplete sampling across the species' range. For periods when we had comprehensive survey data, range expansion estimates clustered into two groups: (1) those calculated from range margin statistics (gamma, marginal mean, maximum, and conditional maximum: ˜3 km/year), and (2) those calculated from the central tendency (mean and median) and the area‐based method of grid occupancy (˜1.5 km/year). Range statistic measures differed greatly in their sensitivity to sampling effort; the proportion of sampling required to achieve an estimate within 10% of the true value ranged from 0.17 to 0.9. Grid occupancy and median were most sensitive to sampling effort, and the maximum and gamma quantile the least. If periods with incomplete sampling were included in the range expansion calculations, this generally lowered the estimates (range 16–72%), with exception of the gamma quantile that was slightly higher (6%). Care should be taken when interpreting rate expansion estimates from data sampled from only a fraction of the full distribution. Methods based on the central tendency will give rates approximately half that of methods based on the range margin. The gamma quantile method appears to be the most robust to incomplete sampling bias and should be considered as the method of choice when sampling the entire distribution is not possible.
Controllable Release and High‐Efficiency Collection of Hydrogen Peroxide: Application on the Quantitative Investigation of Biomolecule Oxidation Induced by Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Hou Yuting , Xin Ningning , Chen Shu , Deng Chunyan , Xiang Juan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical, both important members of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) family, can cause serious oxidative damages in biological systems. In order to proclaim and prevent oxidation stress, researches on the biomolecule oxidation induced by H2O2 or OH. are in crucial need. However, due to the high reactivity of ROS, traditional methods are difficult to achieve the in situ quantitative investigations on those reactions involving ROS. In this work, using scanning electrochemical microscopy technique (SECM) in a tip generation‐substrate collection mode (TG‐SC), the controllable release and the high‐efficiency collection of electrogenerated H2O2 were achieved. Compared to ex situ fluorescence method, SECM improved the collection efficiency approximately two times larger. Based on it, SECM combined with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was employed to in situ monitor the protein oxidation (taking Cu12+MT as a model) induced by H2O2. OH., which was generated from the interaction between H2O2 and Cu12+MT, can attack the peptide chain and induced the unrepairable protein oxidation damage. The whole process was quantitatively characterized by SPR, and the linear relationship between SPR dip shift and the amounts of released H2O2 was successfully built. Our work proves that the combined SECM‐SPR technique can realize the in situ quantitative determinations of the biomolecule oxidation induced by ROS, which affords an avenue for further elucidation on the mechanisms of oxidation stress in organisms.
Application of Novel Zn‐Ferrite Modified Glassy Carbon Paste Electrode as a Sensor for Determination of Cd(II) in Waste Water
Authors: Stanković Dalibor M. , Škrivanj Sandra , Savić Nenad , Nikolić Aleksandar S. , Vulić Predrag , Manojlović Dragan D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper describes the preparation of a new sensor based on Zn‐ferrite modified glassy carbon paste electrode and its electrochemical application for the determination of trace Cd(II) ions in waste waters using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). Different Zn/Ni ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The prepared ferrite nanoparticles were used for the preparation of Zn‐ferrite‐modified glassy carbon paste electrode (ZnMGCPE) for determination of Cd(II) at nanomolar levels in waste water at pH 5. The different parameters such as conditions of preparation, Zn2+/Ni2+/Fe2+ ratio and electrochemical parameters, percentage of modifier, accumulation time, pH and accumulation potential were investigated. Besides, interference measurements were also evaluated under optimized parameters. The best voltammetric response was observed for ZnFe2O4 modifier, when the percentage of modifier was 3 %, accumulation time 9 min, pH of supporting electrolyte 5 and accumulation potential −1.05 V. Thus prepared electrode displays excellent response to Cd(II) with a detection limit of 0.38 ppb, and selective detection toward Cd(II) was achieved.
Fire retardant synergism of hydroquinone bis(diphenyl phosphate) and novolac phenol in acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer
Authors: Ren Yanyan , Fu Quanjun , Wang Xinlong , Yang Lin , Zhou Jian , Zhong Benhe , Zhang Zhiye 
Published: July 2014

SummaryHydroquinone bis(diphenyl phosphate) (HDP) has been adopted to prepare acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer (ABS)/HDP/novolac phenol (NP) composites. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of ABS/HDP/NP composites is tested in this paper. The LOI value first grows with increasing ratio of HDP to NP, after reaching its maximum it decrease with further increasing ratio. The synergistic effect of HDP and NP exerted on the microstructure and the flame retardancy of ABS/HDP/NP composites are carefully analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimeter (CCT), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results of CCT show that the synergistic action of HDP and NP reduces its heat release rate and smoke production rate. The results of TGA and SEM demonstrated that the introduction of NP and HDP is conducive to the improvement of the thermal stability and the formation of the intumescent char with homogeneous cavities and holes. The EDS results indicate that the introduction of NP could help retain phosphorus in the chars. As a result, the synergistic action of HDP and NP is favorable to the enhancement of flame retardancy of ABS/HDP/NP composites. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Auditory Cues for Linear and Differential Magnification Methods on Visual Inspection Performance
Authors: Lee Fion C. H. , Chan Alan H. S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe unfavorable consequence of biased attention to peripheral objects was reported with the use of a newly proposed differential magnification method by the authors. Given the favorable influence of auditory cueing on attention orientation, this study investigated the effectiveness of auditory cues in directing participants’ attention from the peripheral to foveal areas of the differential magnifying lens for improving inspection performance. Thirty‐nine Chinese undergraduates performed a simulated inspection task using a particular magnification method (between‐participant factor). Three within‐participant factors of auditory cue interval, target difficulty, and magnification power were tested. Objective performance measures of speed and accuracy and subjective evaluation using NASA task load index were collected and analyzed. The results showed that positive effects of auditory cues were found for the differential magnification methods but not for the traditional linear magnification method. Significant effects of target difficulty and magnification power were also found. It was concluded that the aid of auditory cues, which did not share the same attentional resource with the visual inspection task, proved to be an appropriate reminder for the differential magnification methods to improve participants’ visual inspection performance. Attention should also be paid to selecting an appropriate auditory cue interval for search tasks of different target difficulties. The findings of this study have implications for the design of video magnifiers in the context of multimodal human–machine interfaces.
A radial basis function algorithm for simplified fluid‐structure data transfer
Authors: Cordero‐Gracia M. , Gómez M. , Valero E. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYIn loosely‐coupled aeroelastic computation, the aerodynamic and elastomechanical models are based on different grids and eventually a simplified structural model, like a shell or stick, is considered. CFD tools are applied over the aerodynamic grid, whereas CSM tools are over the structural one. The meshes are usually non‐conforming; thus, three‐dimensional and non‐intrusive interpolation procedures are necessary to transfer structural deformations to the aerodynamic surface grid and aerodynamic loads to the structure. For that purpose, an interpolator based on radial basis functions has been developed. This tool does not require grid connectivities and can be applied to any three‐dimensional data.We have developed two strategies to deal with two special cases of interest. The first is when the structure is represented by a beam model and there is not a proper structural mesh close to the aerodynamic surface. The second is when managing a full configuration aircraft and the problem has been split into some small blocks in such a way that there are aerodynamic nodes belonging to more than one block. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrafast ignition with relativistic shock waves induced by high power lasers
Authors: Eliezer Shalom , Nissim Noaz , Vinikman Pinhasi Shirly , Raicher Erez , Maria Martinez Val José 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this paper we consider laser intensities greater than

$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}10^{16}\ \mathrm{W\ cm}^{-2}$

where the ablation pressure is negligible in comparison with the radiation pressure. The radiation pressure is caused by the ponderomotive force acting mainly on the electrons that are separated from the ions to create a double layer (DL). This DL is accelerated into the target, like a piston that pushes the matter in such a way that a shock wave is created. Here we discuss two novel ideas. Firstly, the transition domain between the relativistic and non-relativistic laser-induced shock waves. Our solution is based on relativistic hydrodynamics also for the above transition domain. The relativistic shock wave parameters, such as compression, pressure, shock wave and particle flow velocities, sound velocity and rarefaction wave velocity in the compressed target, and temperature are calculated. Secondly, we would like to use this transition domain for shock-wave-induced ultrafast ignition of a pre-compressed target. The laser parameters for these purposes are calculated and the main advantages of this scheme are described. If this scheme is successful a new source of energy in large quantities may become feasible.
Can the Sublime Be Postcolonial? Aesthetics, Politics, and Environment in Amitav Ghosh’sThe Hungry Tide
Authors: Giles Jana María 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSet in the vast Sundarban mangrove forest of Bangladesh in the shadow of the colonial past and the 1979 Morichjhapi massacre,The Hungry Tidetraces the transformation of three metropolitan characters from disengaged spectators to invested insiders. The novel may be read as elaborating the theories of Jean-François Lyotard, whose revision of the sublime as the “differend” in both aesthetics and politics provides a compelling context for exploring the postcolonial sublime. Suggesting ecocentric ways of engaging the world that loosen the bonds of the colonial past and critiquing the failure of the postcolonial state and the new cosmopolitanism, Ghosh rewrites aesthetics as interconnected with ethics and politics. In his novel, the postcolonial sublime no longer reifies metaphysical or anthropocentric pure reason, but instead enables discovery of our interpenetration with the natural world, spurring us to witnessing and activism in partnership with those who have been rendered silent and invisible.
Density of threatened ocelotLeopardus pardalisin the Sierra Abra-Tanchipa Biosphere Reserve, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
Authors: Martínez-Hernández Abraham , Rosas-Rosas Octavio César , Clemente-Sánchez Fernando , Tarango-Arámbula Luis Antonio , Palacio-Núñez Jorge , Bender Louis C. , Herrera-Haro José Guadalupe 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThere is little information on the population status of the ocelotLeopardus pardalisin Mexico. In the Sierra Abra-Tanchipa Biosphere Reserve, in San Luis Potosí, ocelots are affected by habitat loss and fragmentation as a result of increased agricultural development. We used photographic identification in camera-trapping capture–recapture surveys to determine population abundance and density during the dry season and subsequent early and late humid seasons during April 2011–March 2012. We recorded 80 photographs of 15 individuals (10 males, one female, and four of undetermined sex) in 7,786 camera-days. Abundance was estimated using a closed capture heterogeneity model, yielding an estimated population of 9 ± SE 3 in the dry season and 21 ± SE 8 and 15 ± SE 5 during the subsequent early and late humid seasons, respectively. Spatially explicit density estimates were 0.04 and 0.03–0.18 individuals per km2for the dry and humid seasons, respectively, and were similar (P > 0.612) among seasons. Peaks in ocelot activity occurred during 20.00–04.00. We conclude that the ocelots of the Sierra Abra-Tanchipa Reserve have a low population density and may face geographical and biological isolation as a result of habitat conversion. Continued monitoring and improved understanding of the movements and habitat preferences of ocelots are necessary to ensure their continued persistence, and connectivity between this population and others in north-east Mexico.
Hunting and trading bushmeat in the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania: motivations, cost-benefit ratios and meat prices
Authors: NIELSEN MARTIN REINHARDT , MEILBY HENRIK 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYBushmeat hunting in the savannah biomes of East Africa is often considered to be subsistence oriented and undertaken as a gap-filler in the lean agricultural season. The price of bushmeat is furthermore often thought uniform regardless of species, but if hunting is commercially oriented and price premiums are paid for particular species this needs to be considered. This paper investigates these issues in the Kilombero Valley of Tanzania, based on one year of market data and interviews with 80 hunters, 169 traders and 67 retailers. Motivations were overwhelmingly commercial and the bushmeat trade constituted a year-round income generating activity. Monte Carlo simulations based on the deterrence model revealed average cost-benefit ratios of 0.15–0.43 for hunters, 0.56–0.62 for traders and 0.88 for retailers, and a 12–401 fold increase in likelihood of apprehension may be required to render the trade unprofitable. Willingness-to-pay data showed that elephant, buffalo, hippopotamus, puku, bushpig and warthog meat were preferred. Enhanced enforcement may thus drive prices for these species higher, encouraging hunters to seek ways around constraints. Community-based wildlife management and improved firearms control may be the most pragmatic ways to regulate the trade.
Anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta accompanied by absent pulmonary valve syndrome and right-sided aortic arch: a rare case in adult congenital heart disease
Authors: Khajali Zahra , Mohammadzadeh Ali , Khayatzadeh Marzieh 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe present a rare congenital heart disease in a 20-year-old man with anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta, accompanied by absent pulmonary valve syndrome, and a right-sided aortic arch suspected initially in transthoracic echocardiography and subsequently confirmed by cardiac catheterisation and computed tomography angiography.
What is aortic overriding?
Authors: Anderson Robert H. , Spicer Diane E. , Henry G. William , Rigsby Cynthia , Hlavacek Anthony M. , Mohun Timothy J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground: Disagreement currently exists regarding the definition of aortic dextroposition. It is suggested that the term be used interchangeably with aortic overriding, along with suggestions that the aortic valve overrides in the normal heart. The dextroposed aorta, however, does not always override the crest of the muscular ventricular septum. It is incorrect to argue that the normal aortic valve overrides. It is the cavity of the right aortic valvar sinus, rather than the valvar orifice, that sits above the muscular septum when the septum itself is intact. Therefore, to circumvent these difficulties, those using the term “dextroposition” find it necessary to distinguish “true” as opposed to “false” categories. The problems arise because “dextroposition” is remarkably ill-suited as an alternative term for aortic valvar overriding.Methods and Results:In this review, combining developmental, morphologic, and clinical data, we show how aortic overriding is best considered on the basis of biventricular connection of the aortic root in the setting of deficient ventricular septation. When analysed in this manner, it becomes an easy matter to distinguish between one-to-one and double outlet ventriculo-arterial connections. Appreciation of these features emphasises the different spatial alignments of interventricular communications as opposed to the plane of deficient ventricular septation. The concept of overriding is applicable not only to biventricular connection of the aortic root, but also the pulmonary and common arterial roots.Conclusions:The diagnostic techniques now available to the paediatric cardiologist illustrate the features of arterial valvar overriding with exquisite accuracy, informing the discussions now required for optimal decision making.
The Effect of Cadmium Under Different Salinity Conditions on the Cellular Architecture and Metabolism in the Red Alga Pterocladiella capillacea (Rhodophyta, Gelidiales)
Authors: de L. Felix Marthiellen R. , Osorio Luz K.P. , Ouriques Luciane C. , Farias-Soares Francine L. , Steiner Neusa , Kreusch Marianne , Pereira Debora T. , Simioni Carmen , Costa Giulia B. , Horta Paulo A. , Chow Fungyi , Ramlov Fernanda , Maraschin Marcelo , Bouzon Zenilda L. , Schmidt Éder C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe in vitro effect of cadmium (Cd) on apical segments of Pterocladiella capillacea was examined. Over a period of 7 days, the segments were cultivated with the combination of different salinities (25, 35, and 45 practical salinity units) and Cd concentrations, ranging from 0.17 to 0.70 ppm. The effects of Cd on growth rates and content of photosynthetic pigments were analyzed. In addition, metabolic profiling was performed, and samples were processed for microscopy. Serious damage to physiological performance and ultrastructure was observed under different combinations of Cd concentrations and salinity values. Elementary infrared spectroscopy revealed toxic effects registered on growth rate, photosynthetic pigments, chloroplast, and mitochondria organization, as well as changes in lipids and carbohydrates. These alterations in physiology and ultrastructure were, however, coupled to activation of such defense mechanisms as cell wall thickness, reduction of photosynthetic harvesting complex, and flavonoid. In conclusion, P. capillacea is especially sensitive to Cd stress when intermediate concentrations of this pollutant are associated with low salinity values. Such conditions resulted in metabolic compromise, reduction of primary productivity, i.e., photosynthesis, and carbohydrate accumulation in the form of starch granules. Taken together, these findings improve our understanding of the potential impact of this metal in the natural environment.
Superior time perception for lower musical pitch explains why bass-ranged instruments lay down musical rhythms
Authors: Hove Michael J. , Marie Céline , Bruce Ian C. , Trainor Laurel J. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
To what extent are musical conventions determined by evolutionarily-shaped human physiology? Across cultures, polyphonic music most often conveys melody in higher-pitched sounds and rhythm in lower-pitched sounds. Here, we show that, when two streams of tones are presented simultaneously, the brain better detects timing deviations in the lower-pitched than in the higher-pitched stream and that tapping synchronization to the tones is more influenced by the lower-pitched stream. Furthermore, our modeling reveals that, with simultaneous sounds, superior encoding of timing for lower sounds and of pitch for higher sounds arises early in the auditory pathway in the cochlea of the inner ear. Thus, these musical conventions likely arise from very basic auditory physiology.
Cyclophilin A catalyzes proline isomerization by an electrostatic handle mechanism
Authors: Camilloni Carlo , Sahakyan Aleksandr B. , Holliday Michael J. , Isern Nancy G. , Zhang Fengli , Eisenmesser Elan Z. , Vendruscolo Michele 
Published: July 2014

Significance
One of the most widespread molecular switches in biochemical pathways is based on the isomerization of the amino acid proline, a process that normally is facilitated by enzymes known as “proline isomerases.” We show that cyclophilin A, one of the most common proline isomerases, acts by a simple mechanism, which we describe as an “electrostatic handle.” In this mechanism, the enzyme creates an electrostatic environment in its catalytic site that rotates a peptide bond in the substrate by pulling the electric dipole associated with the carbonyl group preceding the peptide bond itself. Our results thus identify a specific mechanism by which electrostatics is exploited in enzyme catalysis.
Structures of benzylsuccinate synthase elucidate roles of accessory subunits in glycyl radical enzyme activation and activity
Authors: Funk Michael A. , Judd Evan T. , Marsh E. Neil G. , Elliott Sean J. , Drennan Catherine L. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Glycyl radical enzymes perform many chemical transformations that form the bedrock of microbial anaerobic metabolism. The structure of benzylsuccinate synthase reveals the architecture of an enzyme capable of removing aromatic hydrocarbons from polluted environments. These structures also illustrate a strategy for controlling the generation and utilization of radicals by glycyl radical enzymes through the use of accessory subunits.