bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing CD8+ T cell dynamics in hepatitis B virus‐associated liver diseases: Insights, therapies and future directions
Authors: Yue Bing , Gao Yuxia , Hu Yi , Zhan Meixiao , Wu Yangzhe , Lu Ligong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection playsa significant role in the etiology and progression of liver‐relatedpathologies, encompassing chronic hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventual hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC). Notably, HBV infection stands as the primary etiologicalfactor driving the development of HCC. Given the significant contribution ofHBV infection to liver diseases, a comprehensive understanding of immunedynamics in the liver microenvironment, spanning chronic HBV infection,fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC, is essential. In this review, we focused on thefunctional alterations of CD8+ T cells within the pathogenic livermicroenvironment from HBV infection to HCC. We thoroughly reviewed the roles ofhypoxia, acidic pH, metabolic reprogramming, amino acid deficiency, inhibitory checkpointmolecules, immunosuppressive cytokines, and the gut‐liver communication in shapingthe dysfunction of CD8+ T cells in the liver microenvironment. Thesefactors significantly impact the clinical prognosis. Furthermore, we comprehensivelyreviewed CD8+ T cell‐based therapy strategies for liver diseases,encompassing HBV infection, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC. Strategies includeimmune checkpoint blockades, metabolic T‐cell targeting therapy, therapeuticT‐cell vaccination, and adoptive transfer of genetically engineered CD8+ T cells, along with the combined usage of programmed cell death protein‐1/programmeddeath ligand‐1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) inhibitors with mitochondria‐targeted antioxidants.Given that targeting CD8+ T cells at various stages of hepatitis Bvirus‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV + HCC) shows promise, we reviewedthe ongoing need for research to elucidate the complex interplay between CD8+ T cells and the liver microenvironment in the progression of HBV infection toHCC. We also discussed personalized treatment regimens, combining therapeuticstrategies and harnessing gut microbiota modulation, which holds potential forenhanced clinical benefits. In conclusion, this review delves into the immunedynamics of CD8+ T cells, microenvironment changes, and therapeuticstrategies within the liver during chronic HBV infection, HCC progression, andrelated liver diseases.
The additive diagnostic value of cytology in fine needle biopsy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A tertiary center experience
Authors: Sbeit Wisam , Shahin Amir , Basheer Maamoun , Khoury Tawfik 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveEndoscopic ultrasound guide fine needle biopsy (EUS‐FNB) is the main diagnostic tool for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In most instances, only histology is obtained via FNB, without sending cytological slides. The aim of our study was to assess the additive diagnostic yield of cytology performed through FNB.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of all patients with histological diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma who were diagnosed by EUS‐FNB.ResultsOverall, 80 patients were included in the study period. The overall concordance between cytology and histology all FNB needles was 78.2%. Notably, cytological assessment improved the diagnostic yield for malignancy by 12.8%. The overall kappa coefficient correlation between histology and cytology was .501, 95% CI 0.361–0.641. However, the kappa correlation for suspicious of malignancy and malignant was excellent of .872, 95% CI 0.733–1, suggesting that cytology is crucial when histology is inconclusive. Further analysis showed that the Acquire and Sharkcore needles outperformed the Procore needle in term of concordance between cytology and histology (kappa correlation of .527, 95% CI 0.331–0.724, .515, 95% CI 0.265–0.764, and .297, 95% CI −0.051–0.646), respectively.ConclusionPerforming cytology specimen when using FNB improves the diagnostic yield in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Habit Reversal Therapy by Dermatologists to Treat Body‐Focused Repetitive Behaviors: Review and Case Reports
Authors: Sian Clara Michelle Tan Hwei , Yenn Lai Cher , Dua Janet Pei Ling 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundBody‐focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) are recurrent, habitual behaviors, such as skin picking, hair pulling, and other compulsions, that can result in distressing cutaneous manifestations of varying severity. Many patients with BFRBs present primarily to dermatologists and a significant proportion subsequently resist engaging with psychological or psychiatric healthcare professionals. Habit reversal therapy (HRT) is one of the most effective evidence‐based management strategies for BFRBs and it can be facilitated by a range of healthcare professionals including general practitioners, dermatologists, and nurses, as well as psychologists. Few dermatologists are comfortable offering HRT, making it a severely underutilized technique in the management of various skin conditions associated with BFRBs.ObjectivesThis article aims to highlight strategies that dermatologists can learn to offer to positively influence the patient experience. A practical approach to implementing simplified HRT for patients with BFRBs will be demonstrated through two case studies.
Recovery potential of fish and coral populations following ecological disturbance
Authors: Asbury Mollie , Innes‐Gold Anne A. , Wulstein Devynn M. , Madin Elizabeth M. P. , Madin Joshua S. , McManus Lisa C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe health of coral reef benthic and fish communities is implicitly connected, yet typically studied and managed separately. By developing a coupled reef population model that connects coral populations and reef fish biomass through the habitat complexity that corals build and fish live among, we aim to address this gap by holistically quantifying ecological feedbacks and responses to ecological stressors. We explored the impacts of fishing effort in conjunction with three types of ecological disturbances as they propagated through a coral reef ecosystem: (1) a disturbance that disproportionately affected small, bio‐energetically vulnerable colonies, (2) a disturbance that predominantly affected large, mechanically vulnerable colonies, and (3) a disturbance that affected colonies of all sizes randomly. We found that joint coral and fish population recovery was fastest and most complete under events affecting small colonies, followed by recovery from disturbances affecting random sizes, and lastly large‐colony disturbances. These results suggest that the retention versus loss of large coral colonies with high reproductive potential critically influenced population recovery. Low fishing levels maintained fish and coral populations and allowed for recovery after disturbances, whereas high fishing levels prevented recovery due to greater fish‐dependent coral mortality. Finally, we tested various formulations of the relationship between coral size and habitat complexity (i.e., exponential, linear, logarithmic) that constrain fish carrying capacity. All formulations led to similar population projections in most disturbance scenarios, but there were exceptions where the timing and trajectory of recovery differed, such as faster and greater recovery potential when complexity is logarithmic with respect to coral size. These findings suggest that fishing and habitat complexity mediate the recovery of coral reef populations, emphasizing the importance of describing linkages between coral size distribution and reef habitat structure. Furthermore, our results highlight the utility of the coupled‐model framework for understanding and managing the impact of disturbances at ecosystem scales.
Effects of canagliflozin on total heart failure events across the kidney function spectrum: Participant‐level pooled analysis from the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE trial
Authors: Vaduganathan Muthiah , Cannon Christopher P. , Jardine Meg J. , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Arnott Clare , Neuen Brendon L. , Sarraju Ashish , Gogate Jagadish , Seufert Jochen , Neal Bruce , Perkovic Vlado , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Kosiborod Mikhail N. 
Published: June 2024

AimsPeople with type 2 diabetes (T2D) face high risks of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations that are often recurrent, especially as kidney function declines. We examined the effects of canagliflozin on total HF events by baseline kidney function in patients with T2D at high cardiovascular risk and/or with chronic kidney disease.Methods and resultsLeveraging pooled participant‐level data from the CANVAS programme (n = 10 142) and CREDENCE trial (n = 4401), first and total HF hospitalizations were examined. Cox proportional hazards models were built for the time to first HF hospitalization, and proportional means models based on cumulative mean functions were used for recurrent HF hospitalizations. Treatment effects were evaluated overall as well as within baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) strata (<45, 45–60, and >60 ml/min/1.73 m2). HF hospitalizations were independently and blindly adjudicated. Among 14 540 participants with available baseline eGFR values, 672 HF hospitalizations occurred over a median follow‐up of 2.5 years. Among participants who experienced a HF hospitalization, 357 had a single event (201 in placebo‐treated patients and 156 in canagliflozin‐treated patients), 77 had 2 events, and 39 had >2 events. Canagliflozin reduced risk of first HF hospitalization (hazard ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48–0.70) consistently across baseline eGFR strata (pinteraction = 0.84). Canagliflozin reduced total HF hospitalizations overall (mean event ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.54–0.73) and across eGFR subgroups (pinteraction = 0.51). Canagliflozin also reduced cardiovascular death and total HF hospitalizations (mean event ratio 0.72, 95% CI 0.65–0.80) and across eGFR subgroups (pinteraction = 0.82). The absolute risk reductions were numerically larger, and numbers needed to treat were smaller when evaluating total events versus first events alone. These observed HF benefits were highly consistent across the range of eGFR, with larger absolute benefits in participants who had worse kidney function at baseline.ConclusionsIn individuals with T2D at high cardiovascular risk and/or with chronic kidney disease, canagliflozin reduced the total burden of HF hospitalizations, with consistent benefits observed across the kidney function spectrum.Clinical Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: CANVAS (NCT01032629), CANVAS‐R (NCT01989754), CREDENCE (NCT02065791).
A novel controlled metabolic accelerator for the treatment of obesity‐related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Rationale and design of the Phase 2a HuMAIN trial
Authors: Kitzman Dalane W. , Lewis Gregory D. , Pandey Ambarish , Borlaug Barry A. , Sauer Andrew J. , Litwin Sheldon E. , Sharma Kavita , Jorkasky Diane K. , Khan Shaharyar , Shah Sanjiv J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsCompared with those without obesity, patients with obesity‐related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have worse symptoms, haemodynamics, and outcomes. Current weight loss strategies (diet, drug, and surgical) work through decreased energy intake rather than increased expenditure and cause significant loss of skeletal muscle mass in addition to adipose tissue. This may have adverse implications for patients with HFpEF, who already have reduced skeletal muscle mass and function and high rates of physical frailty. Mitochondrial uncoupling agents may have unique beneficial effects by producing weight loss via increased catabolism rather than reduced caloric intake, thereby causing loss of adipose tissue while sparing skeletal muscle. HU6 is a controlled metabolic accelerator that is metabolized to the mitochondrial uncoupling agent 2,4‐dinotrophenol. HU6 selectively increases carbon oxidation from fat and glucose while also decreasing toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In addition to sparing skeletal muscle loss, HU6 may have other benefits relevant to obesity‐related HFpEF, including reduced specific tissue depots contributing to HFpEF; improved glucose utilization; and reduction in systemic inflammation via both decreased ROS production from mitochondria and decreased cytokine elaboration from excess, dysfunctional adipose.MethodsWe describe the rationale and design of HuMAIN‐HFpEF, a Phase 2a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐titration, parallel‐group trial in patients with obesity‐related HFpEF to evaluate the effects of HU6 on weight loss, body composition, exercise capacity, cardiac structure and function, metabolism, and inflammation, and identify optimal dosage for future Phase 3 trials.ConclusionsHuMAIN will test a promising novel agent for obesity‐related HFpEF.
Widely targeted metabolomics reveal the distribution of primary and secondary metabolites in pomegranate fruit
Authors: Chen Lina , Liu Ruitao , Zhu Juanli , Wang Luwei , Li Haoxian , Liu Junhao , Lu Zhenhua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe pomegranate fruit is valued for its nutritional and medicinal properties, and the composition and content of primary and secondary metabolites are the main factors impacting its nutritional and medicinal properties. However, a deep understanding of metabolites in different parts of fruit is still lacking. Here, the peel, aril, and seed of mature pomegranate fruits were analyzed separately to compare metabolic component differences using UPLC/MS–MS. A total of 858 metabolites belonging to 11 classes were identified, of which flavonoids, such as delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside and cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside; tannins, such as ellagic acid and punicalin; and terpenoids, such as corosolic acid and madasiatic acid, were upregulated in the peel. Lipids, such as punicic acid, methyl linolenate, and linoleic acid; alkaloids, such as indole and choline; nucleotides and derivatives mainly including 2‐deoxyribose‐1‐phosphate and 9‐(arabinosyl)‐hypoxanthine, were upregulated in seeds. Phenolic acids, such as 1‐O‐galloyl‐4,6‐(S)‐HHDP‐β‐D‐glucose and 1,7‐di‐O‐galloyl‐D‐sedoheptulose, and flavonoids, such as cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, cyanidin‐3‐O‐(2″‐O‐xylosyl) galactoside, and delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, were upregulated in aril. The flavone and flavonol biosynthesis (ko00944) pathways were significantly enriched between the peel and seed, as were the anthocyanin biosynthesis (ko00944) pathways between the aril and seed and the flavonoid biosynthesis (ko00941) pathways between the peel and aril. Additionally, functional antioxidants, such as 10,16‐dihydroxypalmitic acid, 3‐O‐methylellagic acid, and 3,3’‐O‐dimethylellagic acid, were first identified in pomegranate fruits. Our results revealed the composition and abundance of primary and secondary metabolites in pomegranate fruit, which can lay the foundation for further elucidation of its nutritional and medicinal properties.
Bipolar Plate Design Assessment: Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell and Water Electrolyzer
Authors: Sarjuni C. T. Aisyah , Shahril Ahmad Adam Danial , Low Hock Chin , Lim Bee Huah 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) as power generators and proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) as hydrogen fuel producers play critical roles in implementing hydrogen energy. The bipolar plates (BPPs) in both PEMFC and PEMWE facilitate the distribution of reactants and products, providing electrical connectivity in a series of singular cells. Although both systems are categorized under the same PEM spectrum, the differing reaction mechanisms require specialized plate properties to achieve optimum performance. This short review analyzes the characteristics of BPPs in both PEMFC and PEMWE, with a focus on the plate material, coating, and flow field. This short review concluded that the polymer composite graphite–based BPPs are the most feasible for PEMFC with no coating needed. PEMWE needs SS316 as a BPP material with a conductive coating to withstand the highly corrosive oxygen evolution reaction at the anode. The serpentine flow field showed dominance in PEMFC stack performance due to even fluid distribution and efficient liquid water drainage. However, its high‐pressure drop contributes to greater parasitic power. PEMWEs commonly adopt the parallel flow field for its lower contact resistance and bubble formation for efficient mass transport toward the cathode.
The physics and the biology of the water balance: A personal journey through the critical zone into the water balance
Authors: Hunt Allen G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe essay describes how a combination of scaling theory from percolation, that relates pore scale flow and transport through catchment scales to global scales (bottom‐up), as well as water fluxes to soil formation and vegetation growth, can be used to support an accurate ecological optimization that (top‐down): solves the central problem of hydrology, that is., “the water balance,” and generates critically important derived quantities, namely streamflow response to climate change, net primary productivity, and plant species richness. Moreover, the essay describes how this particular theoretical approach came to be designed and how it, in retrospect, fits in with the vision of the Committee on Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences which met 34 years ago to formulate a research, teaching, and infrastructure guide for the community, and “rebrand our science as a geoscience.” Finally, it demonstrates how the research satisfies the present desires of the community to unite Darwinian and Newtonian scientific methods in the solution of this central problem and how it relates to present research directions in the fields of hydrologic sciences and ecology.
Conceptual approach for a holistic low‐flow risk analysis
Authors: Satzinger Udo , Bachmann Daniel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLow‐flow events, characterized by a significant water deficiency in river systems, have profound impacts on various water users and river ecology. Recent low‐flow events in Europe have had severe economic and ecological consequences such as disruptions to hydropower production, irrigation bans, constraints on navigation and complete river drying. These events highlight the urgent need for effective low‐flow risk management and demand a holistic risk analysis as a basis. The existing approaches to low‐flow analysis often focus on hydrological aspects, utilizing indices such as the Standardized Runoff Index (SRI) or Low‐flow Index. However, these indices lack information regarding consequences and impacts. Other approaches consider parts of a risk approach but often focus on special aspects, such as the economy; in general, no holistic assessment is made. This study introduces a conceptual approach to a holistic low‐flow risk analysis. The approach provides a continuous long‐term simulation to capture the special long‐term behaviour of low‐flow events and therefore avoids the complex definition of scenarios. In this conceptual approach, the low‐flow risk is analysed using a combination of various analyses that cover all aspects from occurrence to consequences. Meteorological analysis is used to generate synthetic long‐term weather data time series, which are transformed into runoff time series in hydrological analysis. Based on these results, hydrodynamic analysis quantifies the water levels, water temperatures, and flow velocities along the river. The consequences are analysed in terms of socio‐economic and ecological consequences. The results represent a long‐term series of damage values. Finally, the damage values are summed in the risk analysis and divided by the number of years considered in the analysis. For testing and demonstration purposes, the presented conceptual risk approach is partly applied to a proof‐of‐concept at the Selke catchment, a small river catchment in Germany. Finally, the results are presented, evaluated, and discussed.
To what Extent could Solid‐State Chemistry and Nanotechnology Impact Sustainable Lifestyle of Human Being on Earth in the Years to Come
Authors: Tenne Reshef 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe lifestyle of mankind has improved significantly since the start of the industrial revolution and the establishment of a science (engineering)‐based society, some 250 years ago. Notwithstanding, the outcome of these advances, a major threat is looming on the future of humanity due to the greenhouse effect produced by fossil fuel effluents and the degradation of the environment on earth. Chemistry and chemical engineering are key players in confronting these challenges and establishing sustainable lifestyle on earth. In particular, the interplay between materials research; solid‐state chemistry and nanoscience (nanotechnology) will be crucial for the future of sustainable life on earth. Education of the population‐at‐large to shift from a consumer‐based society into sustainability‐concerned lifestyle, is mandatory for realization of this paradigm shift. Harmonizing the interplay between entrepreneurs, financing bodies, public agencies, international organizations, legal bodies and research institutes should also play an integral part of this new equation.
High‐accuracy heart rate detection using multispectralIPPGtechnology combined with a deep learning algorithm
Authors: Wang Yu , Ren Yu , Wang Tingting , Li Dongliang , Cai Hongxing , Ji Boyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImage Photoplethysmography (IPPG) technology is a noncontact physiological parameter detection technology, which has been widely used in heart rate (HR) detection. However, traditional imaging devices still have issues such as narrower receiving spectral range and inferior motion detection performance. In this paper, we propose a HR detection method based on multi‐spectral video. Our method combining multispectral imaging with IPPG technology provides more accurate physiological information. To realize real‐time evaluation of HR directly from facial multispectral videos, we propose a new end‐to‐end neural network, namely IPPGResNet18. The IPPGResNet18 model was trained on the multispectral video dataset from which better results were achieved: MAE = 2.793, RMSE = 3.695, SD = 3.707,p = 0.304. The experimental results demonstrate a high accuracy of HR detection under motion state using this detection method. In respect of real‐time monitoring of HR during movement, our method is obviously superior to the conventional technical solutions.