bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumour necrosis factor‐alpha infusion produced insulin resistance but no change in the incretin effect in healthy volunteers
Authors: Nielsen Signe Tellerup , Lehrskov‐Schmidt Louise , Krogh‐Madsen Rikke , Solomon Thomas P. J. , Lehrskov‐Schmidt Lars , Holst Jens Juul , Møller Kirsten 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with peripheral insulin resistance, impaired incretin effect, and increased plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α). Although TNF‐α infusion at a dose that induces systemic inflammation in healthy volunteers has been demonstrated to induce peripheral insulin resistance, the influence of this cytokine on the incretin effect is unknown.MethodsWe investigated whether systemic inflammation induced by TNF‐α infusion in healthy volunteers alters the incretin hormone response to oral and intravenous glucose loads in a crossover study design with ten healthy male volunteers (mean age 24 years, mean body mass index 23.7 kg/m2).The study consisted of four study days: days 1 and 2, 6‐h infusion of saline; days 3 and 4, 6‐h infusion of TNF‐α; days 1 and 3, 4‐h oral glucose tolerance test; and days 2 and 4, 4‐h corresponding intravenous isoglycaemic glucose tolerance test. Glucose tolerance tests were initiated after 2 h of saline/TNF‐α infusion. Plasma concentrations of TNF‐α, interleukin 6, glucose, incretin hormones, and cortisol, and serum concentrations of C‐peptide and insulin were measured throughout the study days. Insulin sensitivity was estimated by the Matsuda index and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). Prehepatic insulin secretion rates were calculated.ResultsTNF‐α infusion induced symptoms of systemic inflammation; increased plasma levels of cortisol, TNF‐α, and interleukin 6; and increased the HOMA‐IR. The secretion of incretin hormones as well as the incretin effect remained unchanged.ConclusionIn healthy young male volunteers, acute systemic inflammation induced by infusion of TNF‐α is associated with insulin resistance with no change in the incretin effect. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitrogen‐Rich Energetic Ionic Liquids Based on the N,N‐Bis(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)amine Anion – Syntheses, Structures, and Properties
Authors: Dong Lin‐Lin , He Ling , Liu Hang‐Yu , Tao Guo‐Hong , Nie Fu‐De , Huang Ming , Hu Chang‐Wei 
Published: July 2013

AbstractN,N‐Bis(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)amine anions (HBTA–/BTA2–) were used as suitable nitrogen‐rich components for the construction of energetic ionic liquids. Seven ionic liquids, namely, 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium (1, [C1mim]HBTA), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (2, [C2mim]HBTA), 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (3, [C4mim]HBTA), 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (4, [C6mim]HBTA), 1‐methyl‐3‐octylimidazolium (5, [C8mim]HBTA), and 1,2,3‐trimethylimidazolium (6, [C1mmim]HBTA) cations with the HBTA– anion and di‐1,2,3‐trimethylimidazolium N,N‐bis(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)amine (7, [C1mmim]2BTA), were synthesized. All materials were fully characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The crystal structures of 1 and 7 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction [1: monoclinic, P21/n, a = 14.0653(4) Å, b = 6.9507(2) Å, c = 22.4699(7) Å, β = 93.996(3)°, V = 2191.38(12) Å3, Z = 8, ρ = 1.511 g cm–3; 7: monoclinic, P21/c, a = 17.5869(3) Å, b = 12.8757(2) Å, c = 21.9203(6) Å, β = 125.0580(10)°, V = 4063.15(15) Å3, Z = 8, ρ = 1.221 g cm–3]. The nitrogen contents of 1–7 exceed 40 %, and 1 has the highest value of 61.78 %. The ionic liquids 1–7 are thermally stable to 220 °C, and 2–5 are room‐temperature ionic liquids. The heats of formation of 1–7 obtained by both experimental and theoretical methods are all positive. The ionic liquids 1–7 are insensitive towards impact (>40 J) and friction (>360 N). They can be ignited in air. These new energetic ionic liquids contain only C, H, and N and are of interest as potential propellants with high energy, high thermal stability, low sensitivity to impact and friction, and environmentally friendly decomposition gases.
Synthesis of 1‐Aminocodeine as a Synthon for Other Codeine Derivatives
Authors: Cankař Petr , Popa Igor , Trávníček Zdeněk , Stýskala Jakub , Hradil Pavel , Slouka Jan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe first nitration of codeine by using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate under mild reaction conditions is described. The resulting 1‐nitrocodeine was reduced to 1‐aminocodeine, a key precursor for the synthesis of the azo derivative and several hydrazones. Structures of both 1‐nitrocodeine and 1‐aminocodeine were unequivocally determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The reported preliminary synthetic study lays the groundwork for the synthesis of modified codeine derivatives with potential biological activity.
Combined constraints on global ocean primary production using observations and models
Authors: Buitenhuis Erik T. , Hashioka Taketo , Quéré Corinne Le 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPrimary production is at the base of the marine food web and plays a central role for global biogeochemical cycles. Yet global ocean primary production is known to only a factor of ~2, with previous estimates ranging from 38 to 65 Pg C yr−1and no formal uncertainty analysis. Here, we present an improved global ocean biogeochemistry model that includes a mechanistic representation of photosynthesis and a new observational database of net primary production (NPP) in the ocean. We combine the model and observations to constrain particulate NPP in the ocean with statistical metrics. The PlankTOM5.3 model includes a new photosynthesis formulation with a dynamic representation of iron‐light colimitation, which leads to a considerable improvement of the interannual variability of surface chlorophyll. The database includes a consistent set of 50,050 measurements of14C primary production. The model best reproduces observations when global NPP is 58 ± 7 Pg C yr−1, with a most probable value of 56 Pg C yr−1. The most probable value is robust to the model used. The uncertainty represents 95% confidence intervals. It considers all random errors in the model and observations, but not potential biases in the observations. We show that tropical regions (23°S–23°N) contribute half of the global NPP, while NPPs in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are approximately equal in spite of the larger ocean area in the South.
CAN PSYCHOANALYSIS BE SAVED?
Authors: Hobson J. Allan 
Published: July 2013

MIND, BRAIN, BODY: Toward a Convergence of Psychoanalysis and Neurobiology by Morton F. ReiserBRAIN AND PSYCHE: The Biology of the Unconscious by Jonathan WinsonTHE FOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHOANALYSIS: A Philosophical Critique by Adolf Grünbaum
Mesozoic Errors
Authors: MERCK JOHN W. 
Published: July 2013

DinoSource Company: Westwind Media Paleontological consultant: None listed Compatibility: Macintosh/WindowsMicrosoft Dinosaurs Company: Microsoft Corporation Paleontological consultants: David B. Weishampel, Johns HopkinsDinosaurs! The Multimedia Encyclopedia Company: Media Design Interactive Paleontological consultant: Angela C. MilnerSmithsonian Institution Dinosaur Museum Company: SoftKey International Paleontological consultants: Raymond Rye, Michael K. Brett‐Surmann, Nicholas Hotton III
Toward a Science of Desire
Authors: MURRAY DAVID W. 
Published: July 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Eros and Evolution: A Natural Philosophy of Sex by Richard E. MichodThe Invention of Heterosexuality by Jonathan Ned KatzThe Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States by Edward O. Laumann, John H. Gagnon Robert T. Michael, and Stuart Michaels
Vascularization and cellular isolation potential of a novel electrospun cell delivery vehicle
Authors: Krishnan Laxminarayanan , Touroo Jeremy , Reed Robert , Boland Eugene , Hoying James B. , Williams Stuart K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA clinical need exists for a cell delivery device that supports long‐term cell viability, cell retention within the device and retrieval of delivered cells if necessary. Previously, cell isolation devices have been based on hollow fiber membranes, porous polymer scaffolds, alginate systems, or micro‐machined membranes. We present the development and characterization of a novel dual porosity electrospun membrane based device, which supports cellular infiltration and vascularization of its outer porous layer and maintains cellular isolation within a lumen bounded by an inner low porosity layer. Electrospinning conditions were initially established to support electrospun fiber deposition onto nonconductive silicone surfaces. With these parameters established, devices for in vivo evaluations were produced using nylon as a nonconductive scaffold for deposition of dual porosity electrospun fibers. The outer porous layer supported the development of a penetrating microcirculation and the membrane supported the transfer of insulin from encapsulated sustained release pellets for 4 weeks. Viable cells implanted within the device could be identified after 2 weeks of implantation. Through the successful demonstration of survival and cellular isolation of human epithelial cells within the implanted devices and the ability to use the device to deliver insulin, we have established the utility of this device toward localized cell transplantation. The cell delivery device establishes a platform to test the feasibility of approaches to cell dose control and cell localization at the site of implantation in the clinical use of modified autologous or allogeneic cells. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2208–2219, 2014.
Production of a composite hyaluronic acid/gelatin blood plasma gel for hydrogel‐based adipose tissue engineering applications
Authors: Korurer Esra , Kenar Halime , Doger Emek , Karaoz Erdal 
Published: July 2013

AbstractStandard approaches to soft‐tissue reconstruction include autologous adipose tissue transplantation, but most of the transferred adipose tissue is generally reabsorbed in a short time. To overcome this problem, long lasting implantable hydrogel materials that can support tissue regeneration must be produced. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of composite 3D natural origin scaffolds for reconstructive surgery applications through in vitro tests. The Young's modulus of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked hyaluronic acid/gelatin (HA/G) plasma gels, composed of human platelet‐poor plasma, gelatin and human umbilical cord hyaluronic acid, was determined as 3.5 kPa, close to that of soft tissues. The composite HA/G plasma gels had higher porosity than plain plasma gels (72.5% vs. 63.86%). Human adipose tissue derived stem cells (AD‐MSCs) were isolated from human lipoaspirates and characterized with flow cytometry, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Cell proliferation assay of AD‐MSCs on the HA/G plasma gels revealed the nontoxic nature of these constructs. Adipogenic differentiation was distinctly better on HA/G plasma gels than on plain plasma gels. The results showed that the HA/G plasma gel with its suitable pore size, mechanical properties and excellent cell growth and adipogenesis supporting properties can serve as a useful scaffold for adipose tissue engineering applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2220–2229, 2014.
Elaidate, an 18‐Carbon trans‐Monoenoic Fatty Acid, Inhibits β‐Oxidation in Human Peripheral Blood Macrophages
Authors: Zacherl Janelle R. , Mihalik Stephanie J. , Chace Donald H. , Christensen Tyson C. , Robinson Lisa J. , Blair Harry C. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTConsumption of trans‐unsaturated fatty acids promotes atherosclerosis, but whether degradation of fats in macrophages is altered by trans‐unsaturated fatty acids is unknown. We compared the metabolism of oleate (C18:1Δ9‐10 cis; (Z)‐octadec‐9‐enoate), elaidate (C18:Δ9‐10 trans; (E)‐octadec‐9‐enoate), and stearate (C18:0, octadecanoate) in adherent peripheral human macrophages. Metabolism was followed by measurement of acylcarnitines in cell supernatants by MS/MS, determination of cellular fatty acid content by GC/MS, and assessment of β‐oxidation rates using radiolabeled fatty acids. Cells incubated for 44 h in 100 µM elaidate accumulated more unsaturated fatty acids, including both longer‐ and shorter‐chain, and had reduced C18:0 relative to those incubated with oleate or stearate. Both C12:1 and C18:1 acylcarnitines accumulated in supernatants of macrophages exposed to trans fats. These results suggested β‐oxidation inhibition one reaction proximal to the trans bond. Comparison of [1‐14C]oleate to [1‐14C]elaidate catabolism showed that elaidate completed the first round of fatty acid β‐oxidation at rates comparable to oleate. Yet, in competitive β‐oxidation assays with [9,10‐3H]oleate, tritium release rate decreased when unlabeled oleate was replaced by the same quantity of elaidate. These data show specific inhibition of monoenoic fat catabolism by elaidate that is not shared by other atherogenic fats. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 62–70, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MicroRNA‐214 Protects Cardiac Myocytes Against H2O2‐Induced Injury
Authors: Lv Guangwei , Shao Suxia , Dong Hua , Bian Xiaohua , Yang Xingwei , Dong Shimin 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTReactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced cardiac myocyte injury resulting from changes in the expression levels of multiple genes plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of numerous heart diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential roles of microRNA‐214 (miR‐214) in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐mediated gene regulation in cardiac myocytes. In this study, we used quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) to demonstrate that miR‐214 was upregulated in cardiac myocytes after treatment with H2O2. We transfected cells with pre‐miR‐214 to upregulate miR‐214 expression and transfected cells with a miR‐214 inhibitor (anti‐miR‐214) to downregulate miR‐214 expression. H2O2‐induced cardiac cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The level of apoptosis was increased by the miR‐214 inhibitor and decreased by pre‐miR‐214. Therefore, we believe that miR‐214 plays a positive role in H2O2‐induced cardiac cell apoptosis. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is constitutively active and is considered to be the primary downregulator of the pro‐oncogenic PI3K/Akt pathway. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of the PTEN protein in cardiac myocytes decreased after H2O2 induction. Anti‐miR‐214 increased PTEN protein expression level, in contrast, pre‐miR‐214 decreased the PTEN protein expression level in cultured cardiac myocytes. These results indicate that PTEN is regulated by miR‐214 and serves as an important target of miR‐214 in cardiac myocytes. In conclusion, miR‐214 is sensitive to H2O2 stimulation, and miR‐214 protects cardiac myocytes against H2O2‐induced injury via one of its targets, PTEN. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 93–101, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Mendelsohn Triple Systems of Order 13
Authors: Khatirinejad Mahdad , Östergård Patric R. J. , Popa Alexandru 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA triple cyclically contains the ordered pairs , , , and no others. A Mendelsohn triple system of order v, or , is a set V together with a collection of ordered triples of distinct elements from V, such that and each ordered pair with is cyclically contained in exactly λ ordered triples. By means of a computer search, we classify all Mendelsohn triple systems of order 13 with ; there are 6 855 400 653 equivalence classes of such systems.
What does team–member exchange bring to the party? A meta‐analytic review of team and leader social exchange
Authors: Banks George C. , Batchelor John H. , Seers Anson , O'Boyle Ernest H. , Pollack Jeffrey M. , Gower Kim 
Published: July 2013

SummaryBoth leader–member exchange (LMX) and team–member exchange (TMX) measure the quality of reciprocal exchange among employees in the workplace. Although LMX focuses on supervisor–subordinate relationships while TMX examines the relationships among team members, both have theory‐based and empirically proven relations with workplace outcomes such as job performance, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. However, it is not yet known which has more of an impact on such workplace outcomes—specifically, it is not clear if an employee's time is best spent developing vertical relationships among supervisors and subordinates (LMX) or on the horizontal relationships among team members (TMX). Accordingly, this meta‐analysis explores the incremental validity and relative importance of these two social exchange‐based constructs. The theoretical logic underlying LMX and TMX is clarified, and the parameter estimates between LMX, TMX, and work outcomes are reported. Results demonstrate that TMX shows incremental validity above and beyond LMX for some outcomes (organizational commitment and job satisfaction), but not others (job performance and turnover intentions). Also, LMX shows greater relative importance across all four outcomes. In sum, the clarification of the theoretical and empirical landscape lays a foundation for recommendations for future research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature and pH‐Tunable Fluorescence Nanoplatform with Graphene Oxide and BODIPY‐Conjugated Polymer for Cell Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Mosaiab Tamim , In Insik , Park Sung Y. 
Published: July 2013

This paper demonstrates the development of pH and thermo‐responsive fluorescent nanoparticles, which are composed of graphene oxide (GO) with BODIPY conjugated PEG, to trigger the detection of cancer cells through imaging based on intracellular accommodation. Responsiveness to pH is studied using atomic force microscopy and apparent thickness differences are seen with changes in pH. Confocal images of the nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit remarkably bright fluorescence at lysosomal pH, while no fluorescence is observed under a physiological environment, making the NPs a novel fluorescent probe. The NPs are able to accumulate the hydrophobic anticancer drug DOX due to the hydrophobic surface of GO and show excellent drug release behavior. Therefore, the NPs developed are novel candidates for a fluorescent probe to identify cancer cells and a drug carrier for cancer therapy.
image
Selective control over the lamellar thickness of one domain in thin binary blends of block copolymer films
Authors: Park Sang‐Byung , Zin Wang‐Cheol 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThin binary blends of poly(styrene‐b‐methyl methacrylate) (PS‐PMMA) block copolymers in films where the lamellar thickness of one domain is controlled while preserving the thickness of the other domain were demonstrated without microphase separation. One of the block copolymers used here was short and symmetric, and the other was long and asymmetric; the molecular weights of the PMMA block chains in the constituents were similar. A random copolymer brush was introduced and film thickness and composition of brush were adjusted to induce perpendicular orientation in thin film. As the blend composition of the long asymmetric block copolymer increased, the PS lamellar thickness increased from 15.8 to 25.1 nm, whereas the PMMA lamellar thickness remained constant at approximately 14 nm (the thickness decreased slightly from 14.0 to 13.3 nm). The domain spacing behavior in thin film was consistent in the bulk. These results were compared with the Birshtein, Zhulina, and Lyatskaya model and the theories for pure block copolymers in the strong segregation limit and in the intermediate segregation regime. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1393–1399
In silico and in vitro studies to elucidate the role of Cu2+ and galanthamine as the limiting step in the amyloid beta (1–42) fibrillation process
Authors: Hernández‐Rodríguez Maricarmen , Correa‐Basurto José , Benitez‐Cardoza Claudia G. , Resendiz‐Albor Aldo Arturo , Rosales‐Hernández Martha C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe formation of fibrils and oligomers of amyloid beta (Aβ) with 42 amino acid residues (Aβ1–42) is the most important pathophysiological event associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The formation of Aβ fibrils and oligomers requires a conformational change from an α‐helix to a β‐sheet conformation, which is encouraged by the formation of a salt bridge between Asp 23 or Glu 22 and Lys 28. Recently, Cu2+ and various drugs used for AD treatment, such as galanthamine (Reminyl®), have been reported to inhibit the formation of Aβ fibrils. However, the mechanism of this inhibition remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this work was to explore how Cu2+ and galanthamine prevent the formation of Aβ1–42 fibrils using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (20 ns) and in vitro studies using fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. The MD simulations revealed that Aβ1–42 acquires a characteristic U‐shape before the α‐helix to β‐sheet conformational change. The formation of a salt bridge between Asp 23 and Lys 28 was also observed beginning at 5 ns. However, the MD simulations of Aβ1−42 in the presence of Cu2+ or galanthamine demonstrated that both ligands prevent the formation of the salt bridge by either binding to Glu 22 and Asp 23 (Cu2+) or to Lys 28 (galanthamine), which prevents Aβ1−42 from adopting the U‐characteristic conformation that allows the amino acids to transition to a β‐sheet conformation. The docking results revealed that the conformation obtained by the MD simulation of a monomer from the 1Z0Q structure can form similar interactions to those obtained from the 2BGE structure in the oligomers. The in vitro studies demonstrated that Aβ remains in an unfolded conformation when Cu2+ and galanthamine are used. Then, ligands that bind Asp 23 or Glu 22 and Lys 28 could therefore be used to prevent β turn formation and, consequently, the formation of Aβ fibrils.
Crystal structure of the N‐terminal domains of the surface cell antigen 4 of Rickettsia
Authors: Lee Jun Hyuck , Vonrhein Clemens , Bricogne Gerard , Izard Tina 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe obligate intracellular, gram‐negative bacterium Rickettsia is the causative agent of spotted fevers and typhus in humans. Surface cell antigen (sca) proteins surround these bacteria. We recently reported the co‐localization of one of these proteins, sca4, with vinculin in cells at sites of focal adhesions and demonstrated that two vinculin binding sites directed the sca4/vinculin interaction. Here we report the 2.2 Å crystal structure of the conserved N‐terminal 38 kDa domain of sca4 from Rickettsia rickettsii. The structure reveals two subdomains. The first is an all‐helical domain that is folded in a fashion similar to the dimeric assembly chaperone for rubisco, namely RbcX. The following and highly conserved β‐strand domain lacks significant structural similarity with other known structures and to the best of our knowledge represents a new protein fold.
One contact for every twelve residues allows robust and accurate topology‐level protein structure modeling
Authors: Kim David E. , DiMaio Frank , Yu‐Ruei Wang Ray , Song Yifan , Baker David 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTA number of methods have been described for identifying pairs of contacting residues in protein three‐dimensional structures, but it is unclear how many contacts are required for accurate structure modeling. The CASP10 assisted contact experiment provided a blind test of contact guided protein structure modeling. We describe the models generated for these contact guided prediction challenges using the Rosetta structure modeling methodology. For nearly all cases, the submitted models had the correct overall topology, and in some cases, they had near atomic‐level accuracy; for example the model of the 384 residue homo‐oligomeric tetramer (Tc680o) had only 2.9 Å root‐mean‐square deviation (RMSD) from the crystal structure. Our results suggest that experimental and bioinformatic methods for obtaining contact information may need to generate only one correct contact for every 12 residues in the protein to allow accurate topology level modeling. Proteins 2014; 82(Suppl 2):208–218. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.