bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chebyshev spectral-collocation method for a class of weakly singular Volterra integral equations with proportional delay
Authors: Gu Z. , Chen Y. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract-The main purpose of this paper is to propose the Chebyshev spectral-collocation method for a class of the weakly singular Volterra integral equations (VIEs) with proportional delay. The proposed method also are applicable to a class of the weakly singular VIEs with proportional delay possessing unsmooth solution. To provide a rigorous error analysis for the proposed method, we prove the the uniqueness and smoothness of the solution. The error analysis shows that the numerical errors decay exponentially in the infinity norm and the Chebyshev weighted Hilbert space norms. Numerical results are presented to confirm the theoretical prediction of the exponential rate of convergence.
Supercritical fluid extraction of uranium and thorium from nitric acid medium using organophosphorous compounds
Authors: Pitchaiah K. C. , Sujatha K. , Brahmmananda Rao C. V. S. , Subramaniam S. , Sivaraman N. , Vasudeva Rao P. R. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In recent years, Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) technique has been widely used for the extraction of metal ions. In the present
study, extraction of uranium from nitric acid medium was investigated using supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2) containing
various organophosphorous compounds such as trialkyl phosphates e.g. tri-iso-amyl phosphate (TiAP),
tri-sec-butyl phosphate (TsBP) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP), dialkylalkyl phosphonates, e.g. diamylamyl
phosphonate (DAAP) and dibutyl butyl phosphonate (DBBP), dialkyl hydrogen phosphonates, e.g. dioctyl hydrogen phosphonate
(DOHP), dioctylphosphineoxide (DOPO), trioctyl phosphine oxide (TOPO), n-octylphenyl N,N-diisobutyl carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide
(CMPO) and di-2-ethyl-hexyl phosphoric acid (HDEHP). Some of these ligands have been investigated for the first time in the
supercritical phase for the extraction of uranium. The extraction efficiency of uranium was studied with TiAP, DAAP and DBBP as
a function of nitric acid concentration; the kinetics of the equilibration period (static extraction) and transportation of the metal
complex (dynamic extraction) was investigated. The influence of pressure and temperature on the extraction behaviour of uranium with
DAAP was studied from 4 N HNO3. The extraction efficiency of uranium from 4 N nitric acid medium was
found to increase in the order of phosphates < phosphonates < HDEHP < TOPO < CMPO. In the case of phosphates and phosphonates,
the maximum extraction of uranium was found to be from 4 N HNO3 medium. The acidic extractants, HDEHP and DOHP
showed relatively higher extraction at lower acidities. The relative extraction of uranium and thorium from their mixture was also
examined using Sc-CO2 containing phosphates, phosphonates and TOPO. The ligand, TsBP provided better fractionation between
uranium and thorium compared to trialkyl phosphates, dialkyl alkyl phosphonates and TOPO.
New algorithms of numerical–statistical modelling of radiative transfer through stochastic mediums and radiation models homogenization
Authors: Ambos Andrey Yu. , Mikhailov Gennady A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNew algorithms for statistical modelling of radiation transfer through stochastic exponentially correlated media are constructed. For this purpose, a special geometrical implementation of the ‘maximum cross-section method’ is developed, which allows us to take into account the absorption of radiation with a weight exponential factor. Asymptotic estimates of the parameters of the homogenized radiation model are constructed relative to the size of the medium. A special ‘distributive’ method of pseudo-random numbers generation used in the paper allows us to perform a comparative analysis of simulation results on the base of the corresponding correlation of statistical estimates.
Splitting algorithms for numerical solution of Euler and Navier–Stokes problems
Authors: Kovenya Victor M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn optimal splitting technique is proposed for numerical solution of the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations for a compressible heat-conducting gas. This technique is common for original equations in the divergent and nondivergent form. Based on this splitting, a class of economical (in the number of operations per a grid node) difference schemes is proposed so that those schemes are implemented on fractional steps by the scalar sweep methods and have a large stability margin, but have a lesser number of sweep steps in their implementation.
A triple-threshold leverage stochastic volatility model
Authors: Wu Xin-Yu , Zhou Hai-Lin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a triple-threshold leverage stochastic volatility (TTLSV) model for financial return time series. The main feature of the model is to allow asymmetries in the leverage effect as well as mean and volatility. In the model the asymmetric effect is modeled by a threshold nonlinear structure that the two regimes are determined by the sign of the past returns. The model parameters are estimated using maximum likelihood (ML) method based on the efficient importance sampling (EIS) technique. Monte Carlo simulations are presented to examine the accuracy and finite sample properties of the proposed methodology. The EIS-based ML (EIS-ML) method shows good performance according to the Monte Carlo results. The proposed model and methodology are applied to two stock market indices for China. Strong evidence of the mean and volatility asymmetries is detected in Chinese stock market. Moreover, asymmetries in the volatility persistence and leverage effect are also discovered. The log-likelihood and Akaike information criterion (AIC) suggest evidence in favor of the proposed model. In addition, model diagnostics suggest that the proposed model performs relatively well in capturing the key features of the data. Finally, we compare models in a Value at Risk (VaR) study. The results show that the proposed model can yield more accurate VaR estimates than the alternatives.
Der Dativus ethicus im Deutschen aus konstruktionsgrammatischer Sicht
Authors: Mollica Fabio 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The central topic of the study is a construction-based description of the ethical dative in German. Structures with a dativus ethicus are constructions in the sense of Goldberg’s Construction Grammar (1995; 2006), they are not predictable semantically or formally. Prototypically, they presuppose some familiarity or closeness between the discussion partners, they express the emotional position of the speaker towards the event. That is why the ethical dative more frequently appears in oral speech or in fictional text types which simulate orality. Following Wegener (1985; 1989) we distinguish between the Aufforderungs-Ethicus ‘request ethicus’ and the Ausrufe-Ethicus ‘exclamation ethicus’ which together constitute the ethicus-construction. The request ethicus with the pronoun mir ‘to me’ can be considered to be the prototype as it is characterized by high frequency and a clear meaning of involvement (the prototypical ethicus semantics). Constructions with the exclamation ethicus are more peripheral as they are not as frequent as the request ethicus and they are characterized by polysemy. I.e. they are often at the border between the ethicus- and the iudicantis-constructions. The study focuses on the syntactic and semantico-pragmatic properties of the ethicus realization.
Korpusbasierte Exploration der Variation der nominalen Genitivmarkierung
Authors: Bubenhofer Noah , Hansen-Morath Sandra , Konopka Marek 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The variation of the strong genitive marker of the singular noun has been treated by diverse accounts. Still there is a consensus that it is to a large extent systematic but can be approached appropriately only if many heterogeneous factors are taken into account. Over thirty variables influencing this variation have been proposed. However, it is actually unclear how effective they can be, and above all, how they interact. In this paper, the potential influencing variables are evaluated statistically in a machine learning approach and modelled in decision trees in order to predict the genitive marking variants. Working with decision trees based exclusively on statistically significant data enables us to determine what combination of factors is decisive in the choice of a marking variant of a given noun. Consequently the variation factors can be assessed with respect to their explanatory power for corpus data and put in a hierarchized order.
Multi‐input CRISPR/Cas genetic circuits that interface host regulatory networks
Authors: Nielsen Alec AK , Voigt Christopher A 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGenetic circuits require many regulatory parts in order to implement signal processing or execute algorithms in cells. A potentially scalable approach is to use dCas9, which employs small guide RNAs (sgRNAs) to repress genetic loci via the programmability of RNA:DNA base pairing. To this end, we use dCas9 and designed sgRNAs to build transcriptional logic gates and connect them to perform computation in living cells. We constructed a set of NOT gates by designing five synthetic Escherichia coli σ70 promoters that are repressed by corresponding sgRNAs, and these interactions do not exhibit crosstalk between each other. These sgRNAs exhibit high on‐target repression (56‐ to 440‐fold) and negligible off‐target interactions (< 1.3‐fold). These gates were connected to build larger circuits, including the Boolean‐complete NOR gate and a 3‐gate circuit consisting of four layered sgRNAs. The synthetic circuits were connected to the native E. coli regulatory network by designing output sgRNAs to target an E. coli transcription factor (malT). This converts the output of a synthetic circuit to a switch in cellular phenotype (sugar utilization, chemotaxis, phage resistance).
Association analysis between the polymorphisms of HSD17B5 and HSD17B6 and risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese population
Authors: Ju Rong , Wu Wei , Fei Juan , Qin Yufeng , Tang Qiuqin , Wu Di , Xia Yankai , Wu Jie , Wang Xinru 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo assess whether single nucleotide polymorphisms of HSD17B5 (AKR1C3) (rs1937845 and rs12529) and HSD17B6 (rs898611) are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in a Chinese population.DesignA case–control study was conducted to investigate the relation between HSD17B5 and HSD17B6 polymorphisms and PCOS.MethodsIn this study, 335 patients with PCOS and 354 controls were recruited. The genotypes of HSD17B5 (rs1937845 and rs12529) and HSD17B6 (rs898611) were detected by the TaqMan method.Results and conclusionsWe found that the genotypic frequencies of the rs1937845 polymorphism were different in subjects with PCOS compared with control, with the CT genotype being more commonly found in patients with PCOS than in controls (P=0.005). We observed a significantly 1.74-fold higher risk of CT genotype in the polymorphism rs1937845 in women with PCOS vs the control group (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.74; 95% CI=1.19–2.54; P=0.005). A similar, significant 1.47-fold higher risk (adjusted OR, 1.47; 95% CI=1.07–2.03; P=0.018) was demonstrated for T allele of polymorphism rs1937845 associated with PCOS. In patients with PCOS, the rs12529 (G>C) and rs1937845 (C>T) polymorphisms were strongly associated with the high level of testosterone. The TT carriers of polymorphism rs1937845 had a significantly increased homeostatic model assessment-B% (HOMA-B%) (P=0.045) and that might be associated with the high risk of insulin resistance. However, no significant difference was found in genotype or allele distributions of the polymorphisms rs12529 of HSD17B5 and rs898611 of HSD17B6 between patients with PCOS and controls. Additionally, the two polymorphisms of HSD17B5 are associated with hyperandrogenemia in patients with PCOS. In conclusion, our findings showed a significant statistical association between HSD17B5 rs1937845 and PCOS risk in Chinese women. The CT genotype and T allele frequency are influenced significantly to a higher extent in patients with PCOS than controls. Further studies are needed to confirm the results and find out the exact molecular mechanism of the polymorphism on the risk of hyperandrogenemia and PCOS.
A Comparison of Interferon-γ and IP-10 for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
Authors: Holm Line Lindebo , Rose Michala Vaaben , Kimaro Godfather , Bygbjerg Ib C. , Mfinanga Sayoki G. , Ravn Pernille , Ruhwald Morten 
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE:
Interferon-γ and IP-10 release assays are diagnostic tests for tuberculosis infection. We have compared the accuracy of IP-10 and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube [QFT-IT] in Tanzanian children suspected of having active tuberculosis (TB).

METHODS:
Hospitalized Tanzanian children with symptoms of TB were tested with the QFT-IT and IP-10 tests and retrospectively classified into diagnostic groups. Adults with confirmed TB were assessed in parallel.

RESULTS:
A total of 203 children were included. The median age was 3.0 years (interquartile range: 1.2–7.0), 38% were HIV infected, 36% were aged &lt;2 years, and 58% had a low weight-for-age. IP-10 and QFT-IT test performance was comparable but sensitivity was low: 33% (1 of 3) in children with confirmed TB and 29% (8 of 28) in children with probable TB. Rates of indeterminate responders were high: 29% (59 of 203) for IP-10 and 26% (53 of 203) for QFT-IT. Age &lt;2 years was associated with indeterminate test outcome for both IP-10 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.2; P = .02) and QFT-IT (aOR: 2.4; P = .01). TB exposure was associated with positive IP-10 test outcome (aOR: 3.6; P = .01) but not with positive QFT-IT outcome (aOR 1.4; P = .52). In 102 adults, test sensitivity was 80% for both tests (P = .248).

CONCLUSIONS:
Although IP-10 and QFT-IT performed well in Tanzanian adults, the tests exhibited an equally poor performance in diagnosing active TB in children. Test performance was especially compromised in young children. Neither test can be recommended for use in hospitalized children in high-burden settings.
Postnatal Growth Following Prenatal Lead Exposure and Calcium Intake
Authors: Hong Yun-Chul , Kulkarni Surabhi Shah , Lim Youn-Hee , Kim Eunjeong , Ha Mina , Park Hyesook , Kim Yangho , Kim Bung-Nyun , Chang Namsoo , Oh Se-Young , Kim Young-Ju , Park Chooghee , Ha Eun-hee 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND:
The effects on postnatal growth of maternal exposure to low levels of lead during pregnancy have not been well established. In addition, information is limited regarding the protective effect of dietary calcium intake during pregnancy against the effect of lead for fetal and postnatal growth. We investigated the relationship between prenatal exposure to lead and growth at birth and 6, 12, and 24 months postnatal, and evaluated the role of calcium intake against the effect of lead.

METHODS:
A total of 1150 pregnant women, and their subsequent offspring, enrolled in a prospective birth cohort study (Mothers and Children's Environmental Health Study), were evaluated. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to estimate the effects of prenatal maternal blood lead levels on growth at each follow-up.

RESULTS:
The blood lead levels of participating mothers were &lt;5.0 μg/dL and mean levels were 1.25 μg/dL during the early (before 20 gestational weeks) and late (at delivery) gestational periods. Prenatal exposure to lead, particularly in late pregnancy, was significantly associated with a reduction in infantile growth at 24 months. When pregnant women had dietary calcium intake at mean or upper level, the association was not significant. In contrast, lower than mean level of calcium intake intensified the adverse effect of prenatal lead exposure on growth in children.

CONCLUSIONS:
Prenatal lead exposure &lt;5.0 μg/dL adversely affects postnatal growth and low calcium intake aggravates the effect, indicating more stringent control of lead and sufficient intake of calcium are necessary to help children’s health.
Age-Based Risk Factors for Pediatric ATV-Related Fatalities
Authors: Denning Gerene M. , Harland Karisa K. , Jennissen Charles A. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVES:To compare and contrast characteristics and determinants of fatal all-terrain vehicle (ATV) crashes among pediatric age groups.METHODS:Retrospective descriptive and multivariable analyses of Consumer Product Safety Commission fatality data (1985–2009) were performed.RESULTS:Relative to 1985–1989 (baseline), pediatric deaths over the subsequent 4-year periods were lower until 2001–2004, when they markedly increased. Also, the proportion of vehicles involved in fatalities with engine sizes &gt;350 cubic centimeter increased, reaching ∼50% of crashes in 2007–2009. Ninety-five percent of all pediatric fatalities were on adult-size vehicles. Victims &lt;6 years old had the highest proportion of girls (24%) and passengers (76%), and the lowest helmet use (17%). More than half of 6- to 11-year-old children were vehicle operators; 1 in 4 were carrying passengers in their own age range. Over the study period, 12- to 15-year-old children accounted for more than half of all pediatric ATV-related fatalities. The proportion of youth riding on the road increased with age, as did the proportion of collisions with other vehicles. Older teens had the highest proportions of roadway fatalities (72%) and collision events (63%), and 19% of their crashes involved alcohol. Head injuries occurred in 63% of victims (the major determinant being roadway riding), and helmets reduced the likelihood of head injury among fatal crash victims by 58%.CONCLUSIONS:There were significant differences between pediatric age groups in the relative contribution of known risk factors for ATV-related fatalities. Future injury prevention efforts must recognize these differences and develop interventions based on the age range targeted.
Isotope engineering of silicon and diamond for quantum computing and sensing applications
Authors: Itoh Kohei M. , Watanabe Hideyuki 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSome of the stable isotopes of silicon and carbon have zero nuclear spin, whereas many of the other elements that constitute semiconductors consist entirely of stable isotopes that have nuclear spins. Silicon and diamond crystals composed of nuclear-spin-free stable isotopes (28Si,30Si, or12C) are considered to be ideal host matrixes to place spin quantum bits (qubits) for quantum-computing and -sensing applications, because their coherent properties are not disrupted thanks to the absence of host nuclear spins. The present paper describes the state-of-the-art and future perspective of silicon and diamond isotope engineering for development of quantum information-processing devices.
Leptospirose mit hämorrhagisch-nekrotisierender Cholezystitis bei einem Boxerwelpen
Authors: Quandt A. , Mayer-Scholl A. , Sie J. M. , Löhr C. V. , Teifke J. P. , Steil D. 
Published: November 2014

ZusammenfassungEin von der Insel Rügen stammender altersgemäß geimpfter Boxerwelpe wurde mit akuter Magen-Darm-Symptomatik vorgestellt. Die Verdachtsdiagnose Leptospirose mit akutem Nierenversagen, Leberschädigung und Ikterus ließ sich durch Serokonversion (Titeranstieg auf 1:800 bei einer Nicht-Impfserogruppe 4 Wochen nach Krankheitsbeginn) bestätigen. Klinisch und sonographisch wurde eine Gallenblasenentzündung diagnostiziert. Nach anfänglicher Besserung kam es zu Rezidiven, sodass schließlich eine kurative Cholezystektomie durchgeführt wurde. Histopathologisch fand sich eine hämorrhagischnekrotisierende Cholezystitis.
Actitudes lingüísticas en la Argentina. El español en Buenos Aires: Una aproximación a las representaciones de sus hablantes
Authors: Llull Gabriela , Pinardi Lilián Carolina 
Published: November 2014

Resumen
Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, hacia al español de la Argentina y el español de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN). La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 informantes previamente estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. El procesamiento estadístico de los datos de campo recolectados arrojó resultados de interés en torno a la mayoría de los tópicos analizados y especialmente en lo referente a aspectos tales como la valoración positiva de la propia variedad lingüística; la resistencia a identificar a España como la única fuente de la norma lingüística de la lengua española; el rechazo a la unificación de la lengua y, por consiguiente, la defensa de la diversidad lingüística como portadora de riqueza cultural.

Abstract
This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Buenos Aires City, towards Spanish spoken in Argentina and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN). The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The analysis of the data rendered interesting results on most of the analyzed topics; especially important was the positive appraisal of Argentineans' own linguistic variety; the strong resistance against identifying Spain as the only source of the linguistic norm for the Spanish language; and the rejection of language unification, defending in this way linguistic diversity as an important conveyor of cultural richness.
Actitudes lingüísticas hacia el castellano en Bolivia. Entre la fidelidad y la conciencia lingüística
Authors: Aguilar María Juana 
Published: November 2014

Resumen
Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la ciudad de La Paz, hacia al español de Bolivia y el español de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN). La recolección de los datos se realizó en La Paz, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 informantes estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. En análisis muestra, en general, una actitud positiva de parte de los hablantes bolivianos hacia su propia variedad de habla española. Se concluye también que los entrevistados son conscientes de que existen diversas variantes del español, no solamente dentro de su país, sino también fuera de este, las cuales reconocen como diferentes entre sí y las que no perciben como incorrectas o correctas, mejores o peores que otras.

Abstract
This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from La Paz, towards Spanish spoken in Bolivia and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN). The data were gathered in La Paz, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The analysis shows, in general, that Spanish speakers in Bolivia have a positive attitude towards their own variety of the language. It is also shown that the interviewees are aware that there are other varieties of the Spanish language, not only in their country, but also in the other Spanish-speaking countries. They do not characterize these varieties as incorrect or correct, better or worse, but only consider them as different from the others.