bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forage Yield and Nutritive Value Responses to Insecticide and Host Resistance in Alfalfa
Authors: Sulc R. Mark , McCormick John S. , Hammond Ronald B. , Miller David J. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThere are conflicting reports on effectiveness of glandular‐haired alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars for reducing plant injury caused by potato leafhopper (PLH), Empoasca fabae Harris (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). We measured forage yield and nutritive value in a glandular‐haired cultivar rated as highly resistant to PLH (54H91) and a nonglandular‐haired susceptible cultivar (54V54), both grown with and without an insecticide applied either early or late in each summer growth cycle across 3 yr. Cultivar × insecticide treatment interactions (P ≤ 0.01 and 0.14) were found for cumulative yield across years in two experiments. With the early insecticide treatment on 54H91, forage yield was up to 6% greater (P = 0.03) than without insecticide, while the susceptible 54V54 yielded 17 to 37% more (P < 0.01) with the early treatment than without insecticide. Crude protein (CP) of 54V54 in summer averaged 10 to 22 g kg−1 lower (P < 0.05) for the untreated than with early insecticide treatment, but consistent differences in forage fiber content or fiber digestibility were not observed. Cumulative forage yield across all harvests or across summer harvests in the untreated 54H91 were similar to yield of the late insecticide‐treated susceptible 54V54. The glandular‐haired alfalfa cultivar suppressed PLH abundance and reduced yield losses caused by this pest in the absence of insecticide applications. Glandular‐haired cultivars with high PLH resistance provide alfalfa growers opportunities to reduce insecticide use within an integrated pest management strategy in regions where the PLH causes significant yield losses in susceptible cultivars.
Plant Survival of Drought During Establishment: An Interspecific Comparison of Five Grain Legumes
Authors: Marrou Helene , Vadez Vincent , Sinclair Thomas R. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTSeedling establishment is obviously the first step in having successful crop production. In seasons and locations that experience early drought, potential differences among species in plant survival of drought could result in greater probability of crop establishment. In this study, plant survival capacity during crop establishment was tested for five grain legume species: soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Huth). Experiments were done for four sowing conditions (two soil textures × two initial soil‐water contents). Cowpea and pigeon pea had the greatest capacity for survival, while soybean, bean, and groundnut were more sensitive. Differences among species could not be explained by differences in the temporal dynamics of water use. Conversely, plant wilting and senescence in response to soil dehydration varied among species; initial wilting of cowpea and pigeon pea occurred at lower soil‐water contents. These two species also had the longest survival after fraction transpirable soil water (FTSW) reached zero. In a comparison of 10 genotypes of each species, genotypic variation in the wilting profile during the survival phase was observed in cowpea, bean, and, to a lesser extent, groundnut and pigeon pea, but no differences were found in soybean.
Hydrogeochemistry and Water Quality Index in the Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Uses
Authors: Batabyal Asit Kumar , Chakraborty Surajit 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT: The present investigation is aimed at understanding the hydrogeochemical parameters and development of a water quality index (WQI) to assess groundwater quality of a rural tract in the northwest of Bardhaman district of West Bengal, India. Groundwater occurs at shallow depths with the maximum flow moving southeast during pre‐monsoon season and south in post‐monsoon period. The physicochemical analysis of groundwater samples shows the major ions in the order of HCO3>Ca>Na>Mg>Cl>SO4 and HCO3>Ca>Mg>Na>Cl>SO4 in pre‐ and post‐monsoon periods, respectively. The groundwater quality is safe for drinking, barring the elevated iron content in certain areas. Based on WQI values, groundwater falls into one of three categories: excellent water, good water, and poor water. The high value of WQI is because of elevated concentration of iron and chloride. The majority of the area is occupied by good water in pre‐monsoon and poor water in post‐monsoon period.
Down the Rabbit Hole: The Bostonians and Alice James
Authors: Walton Priscilla L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract: This article uses the life of Alice James to reread her brother Henry’s novel, The Bostonians. Alice, who was a partner in a Boston marriage, and her illnesses, of which she wrote in her letters and diary, provides a means of reassessing the gender dynamics of James’s only novel about suffrage and the women’s movement. Her life sheds light on and offers an alternative reading of the novel’s problematic heteronormative movement.
“But Suppose I Did Want a Boy?” Homosexual Economies in Herman Melville’s The Confidence-Man
Authors: Martin Robert K. , Person Leland S. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract: This article is centred on chapter twenty-two of The Confidence-Man, the chapter in which the con man, in the guise of Philosophical Intelligence Officer, tries to sell a boy to Pitch, the misanthropic Missouri bachelor who has used up some thirty boys on his backwoods farm and now wants to replace boys with machines. Structured as an epistolary dialogue between the two authors, the article explores the complex ways Melville’s novel positions its readers and the desires they bring to the text. Can the long debate in chapter twenty-two about buying boys be read as a transaction between a pimp and a pederast? Do other homosocial encounters in the novel encode homosexuality and thus reinforce our perception of it in chapter twenty-two? The authors argue for a queer reading of The Confidence-Man and in the process foreground their own sexual identities and reading practices.
Anterior transpedicular screw fixation of cervical spine: Is it safe? Morphological feasibility, technical properties, and accuracy of manual insertion
Authors: Koktekir Ender , Toktas Zafer Orkun , Seker Askin , Akakin Akin , Konya Deniz , Kilic Turker 
Published: March 2015

OBJECT
Due to lack of construct stability of the current anterior cervical approaches, supplemental posterior cervical approaches are frequently employed. The use of an anterior-only approach with anterior transpedicular screws (ATPSs) has been proposed as a means of providing 3-column fixation. This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of anterior transpedicular screw (ATPS) fixation of cervical spine, to obtain the morphological measurements for technical prerequisites, and to evaluate the accuracy of the ATPS using fluoroscopy.

METHODS
The study included both radiological and anatomical investigations. The radiological investigations were based on data from cervical spine CT scans performed in 65 patients. Technical prerequisites of ATPS were calculated using OsiriX for Mac OS. In the anatomical part of the study, 30 pedicles (C3–7) from 6 formalin-preserved cadavers were manually instrumented. Measurements obtained included pedicle width (PW), pedicle height (PH), pedicle transverse angle (PTA), distance of the entry point from the midline (DEPM), and distance of the entry point from the superior endplate (DEPSEP). The authors also analyzed screw position in the manually instrumented vertebrae.

RESULTS
The mean PW and PH values showed a tendency to increase from C-3 to C-7 in both males and females. The means were significantly larger for both PW and PH in males than in females at all levels (p = 0.001). The overall mean PTA value was significantly lower at C-7 (p < 0.0001). The mean value for the distance of entry point from the midline (DEPM) represented a point at the contralateral side of the pedicle for every level except C-7. The mean DEPSEP values showed significant differences between all levels (p < 0.0001). Seven of the 30 screws were identified as breaching the pedicle (23.3%); these screw malplacements were seen at C-3 (3 screws), C-4 (2 screws), and C-5 (2 screws).

CONCLUSIONS
The morphological measurements of this study demonstrated that ATPS fixation is feasible in selected cases. They indicate that ATPS insertion using a fluoroscopy-assisted pedicle axis view is safe at the C-6 and C-7 levels, but the results at the other levels did not prove the safety of this technique.
Extended orbital exenteration for sinonasal malignancy with orbital apex extension: surgical technique and clinical analysis
Authors: Sugawara Takashi , Aoyagi Masaru , Ogishima Takahiro , Kawano Yoshihisa , Tamaki Masashi , Yano Tomoyuki , Tsunoda Atsunobu , Ohno Kikuo , Maehara Taketoshi , Kishimoto Seiji 
Published: March 2015

OBJECT
The majority of sinonasal malignancies present with advanced disease, and cure rates are generally poor. Surgical extirpation remains the mainstay of treatment. In cases of sinonasal malignancy with orbital apex extension, gross-total tumor resection requires orbital exenteration and bony skull base resection around the orbital apex to provide sufficient margins. In this retrospective study, the authors describe their surgical strategy in and technique for orbital exenteration with orbital apex resection in patients at Tokyo Medical and Dental University who had sinonasal malignancy with orbital apex extension. They also analyzed the clinical features of and the results in these patients.

METHODS
Between February 2001 and August 2012 at the authors' institution, sinonasal malignancy with orbital apex extension was treated using craniofacial tumor resection with orbital exenteration including skull base bone around the orbital apex. The authors describe this technique and analyze the surgical indications, extent of resection, primary tumor location, outcome, pathological findings, and neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies of the patients who underwent the technique.

RESULTS
The patients consisted of 12 men and 3 women with a mean age of 47.7 years (range 14–79 years). The longest postoperative follow-up was 9.5 years, and the shortest was 0.67 year (mean 3.0 years). Tumor originated at the ethmoid sinus in 6 patients (40%), maxillary sinus in 5 (33%), nasal cavity in 2 (13%), and orbital cavity and maxillary bone in 1 patient each (7%). Histological analysis of tumor specimens revealed squamous cell carcinoma in 9 patients (60%), rhabdomyosarcoma in 2 (13%), and small cell carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and Ewing sarcoma in 1 patient each (7%). Two patients experienced recurrences at 1 and 5 months after treatment; these patients died at 5 and 10 months after surgery, respectively. Estimated 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 86.7%, and estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) was 86.2%; there was no perioperative mortality. None of the patients had new neurological deficits as a result of the surgery, but 5 patients suffered infectious complications from the graft transplanted into the cavity after resection. There were no other perioperative complications.

CONCLUSIONS
These authors are the first to describe a technique for extended orbital exenteration with orbital apex skull base resection. The technique provided sufficient margins for gross-total resection of the sinonasal malignancy with orbital apex extension. The estimated 5-year OS and RFS rates were high, and the perioperative complication rate was acceptably low, demonstrating the safety and efficacy of this technique.
Assessing early unplanned reoperations in neurosurgery: opportunities for quality improvement
Authors: McLaughlin Nancy , Jin Peng , Martin Neil A. 
Published: March 2015

OBJECT
Review of morbidities and mortality has been the primary method used to assess surgical quality by physicians, hospitals, and oversight agencies. The incidence of reoperation has been proposed as a candidate quality indicator for surgical care. The authors report a comprehensive assessment of reoperations within a neurosurgical department and discuss how such data can be integrated into quality improvement initiatives to optimize value of care delivery.

METHODS
All neurosurgical procedures performed in the main operating room or the outpatient surgery center at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center and UCLA Santa Monica Medical Center from July 2008 to December 2012 were considered for this study. Interventional radiology and stereotactic radiosurgery procedures were excluded. Early reoperations within 7 days of the index surgery were reviewed and their preventability status was evaluated.

RESULTS
The incidence of early unplanned reoperation was 2.6% (occurring after 183 of 6912 procedures). More than half of the patients who underwent early unplanned reoperation initially had surgery for shunt-related conditions (34.4%) or intracranial tumor (23.5%). Shunt failure was the most common indication for early unplanned reoperation (34.4%), followed by postoperative bleeding (20.8%) and postoperative elevated intracranial pressure (9.8%). The average time interval (± SD) between the index surgery and reoperation was 3.0 ± 1.9 days. The average length of stay following reoperation was 12.1 ± 14.4 days.

CONCLUSIONS
This study enabled an in-depth assessment of reoperations within an academic neurosurgical practice and identification of strategic opportunities for department-wide quality improvement initiatives. The authors provide a nuanced discussion regarding the use of absolute reoperations as a quality indicator for neurosurgical patient populations.
Plaque morphology (the PLAC Scale) on CT angiography: predicting long-term anatomical success of primary carotid stenting
Authors: Pelz David M. , Lownie Stephen P. , Lee Donald H. , Boulton Melfort R. 
Published: March 2015

OBJECT
Carotid angioplasty and stenting has emerged as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy for the treatment of atherosclerotic carotid stenosis. Primary carotid stenting, performed using self-expanding stents alone without deliberate use of embolic protection devices and balloon angioplasty, has been shown to be effective and faster, cheaper, and potentially safer than conventional techniques. However, the long-term morphological results of this technique have not been established. The aim of this study was to determine whether preprocedural carotid plaque imaging at the site of maximal stenosis by using CT angiography (CTA) could predict the long-term morphological outcome of primary carotid stenting.

METHODS
One hundred eighty-one patients were treated over an 11-year period. Preprocedural CTA was performed in 102 of these. A morphological scale (the Predicting Long-term outcome with Angioplasty of the Carotid artery [PLAC] Scale), with grades from 0 to 4 and A or B, was used to evaluate the circumferential degree of plaque calcification, and the presence or absence of soft plaque. All patients were followed using duplex carotid ultrasound and plain radiographs. Satisfactory morphological outcome was defined as a peak systolic velocity < 120 cm/s and internal carotid artery/common carotid artery ratio < 1.4.

RESULTS
The average follow-up duration was 29.7 months (median 24.5 months, range 0.3–87 months). Univariate logistic regression demonstrated that a low calcification grade (p < 0.001), less thick calcification (p < 0.001), and moderate amounts of soft plaque (p < 0.001) are factors that are highly associated with good long-term outcome. Multivariate analyses confirmed that these factors are independent of each other in predicting outcome.

CONCLUSIONS
The long-term morphological outcome of primary carotid stenting was predicted with considerable accuracy by using a straightforward CTA carotid plaque grading scale.
Upregulation of NKG2C+ Natural Killer Cells, TLR-2 Expression on Monocytes and Downregulation of Regulatory T-Cells Influence PEG-IFN Treatment Efficacy in Entecavir-Suppressed Patients with CHB
Authors: Yan Weiming , Wu Di , Wang Xiaojing , Chen Tao , Lai Qintao , Zheng Qi , Jiang Jiaji , Hou Jinlin , Han Meifang , Ning Qin 
Published: March 2015

Background There is increasing evidence that host immune responses influence antiviral efficacy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The aim of this study was to characterize the immunological features responsible for improved treatment responses with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)-α2a in entecavir (ETV)-suppressed patients with CHB. Methods Peripheral natural killer (NK) cells, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), T-cell subsets, regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) were evaluated dynamically in 77 patients undergoing a clinical trial (OSST trial, NCT00940485) by flow cytometry. Response was defined as hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss and HBsAg seroconversion (either as singular events or in combination at week 48). Results Compared with ETV responders or PEG-IFN-α non-responders, PEG-IFN-α responders exhibited a significant decline in HBsAg during treatment ( P=0.033 and P<0.001, respectively) and a significant decline in Treg proportions from week 12 to week 24 ( P=0.036 and P=0.004, respectively). Moreover, PEG-IFN-α responders showed a significantly higher increase in the NKG2C+ NK cell proportions from baseline to week 12 ( P=0.0073) and of TLR2+ monocytes at week 12 than PEG-IFN-α non-responders ( P=0.039). Conclusions Successful response to PEG-IFN-α correlates with an early significant restoration of impaired immune responses. Although antiviral treatment response can be achieved by both IFN and ETV, the underlying immunological features vary which may explain the generally observed difference in off-treatment durability of response between the two treatments, as well as effects on HBsAg.
L’incasable et le psychopathe
Authors: Chartier Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2015

La fréquence et la diversité des passages à l’acte à l’adolescence ne peuvent que laisser le praticien désarçonné, en particulier quand ils mettent en péril la vie du sujet ou celle d’autres. Les fugues à répétition des institutions spécialisées seront également prises en compte ; leurs acteurs ont permis d’élaborer une série de critères comportementaux et historiques censés aider à comprendre ceux et celles que l’auteur a dénommés, en reprenant une formulation du professeur Duché, « les incasables ». Il faut refuser les grilles diagnostiques comme les dsm qui enferment, et tenter d’adapter nos outils thérapeutiques aux singularités de ces patients « impossibles », ce qui demande un autre écrit.
Modélisation en apprentissage des langues médiatisé : quelle utilité ?
Authors: Bertin Jean-Claude 
Published: March 2015

L'usage dans la littérature scientifique de termes génériques tels que "technologie", "ordinateur", etc., génère une illusion ontologique : l'unité épistémologique du domaine de la didactique des langues dans son rapport avec la technologie est contredite par la variété des artefacts, des contextes et des usages. Il convient alors de se demander comment aborder le domaine d'une manière à la fois générique et respectueuse des spécificités des contextes particuliers. L'auteur propose la modélisation comme une réponse à ce besoin exprimé tant par le chercheur et par l'enseignant de langue étrangère. Il explique les fondements de cette approche et s'appuie sur deux exemples pour démontrer la valeur heuristique du modèle qu'il utilise.
Notch Signaling Enhances FcεRI-Mediated Cytokine Production by Mast Cells through Direct and Indirect Mechanisms
Authors: Nakano Nobuhiro , Nishiyama Chiharu , Yagita Hideo , Hara Mutsuko , Motomura Yasutaka , Kubo Masato , Okumura Ko , Ogawa Hideoki 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Th2-type cytokines and TNF-α secreted by activated mast cells upon cross-linking of FcεRI contribute to the development and maintenance of Th2 immunity to parasites and allergens. We have previously shown that cytokine secretion by mouse mast cells is enhanced by signaling through Notch receptors. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which Notch signaling enhances mast cell cytokine production induced by FcεRI cross-linking. FcεRI-mediated production of cytokines, particularly IL-4, was significantly enhanced in mouse bone marrow–derived mast cells by priming with Notch ligands. Western blot analysis showed that Notch signaling augmented and prolonged FcεRI-mediated phosphorylation of MAPKs, mainly JNK and p38 MAPK, through suppression of the expression of SHIP-1, a master negative regulator of FcεRI signaling, resulting in the enhanced production of multiple cytokines. The enhancing effect of Notch ligand priming on multiple cytokine production was abolished by knockdown of Notch2, but not Notch1, and FcεRI-mediated production of multiple cytokines was enhanced by retroviral transduction with the intracellular domain of Notch2. However, only IL-4 production was enhanced by both Notch1 and Notch2. The enhancing effect of Notch signaling on IL-4 production was lost in bone marrow–derived mast cells from mice lacking conserved noncoding sequence 2, which is located at the distal 3′ element of the Il4 gene locus and contains Notch effector RBP-J binding sites. These results indicate that Notch2 signaling indirectly enhances the FcεRI-mediated production of multiple cytokines, and both Notch1 and Notch2 signaling directly enhances IL-4 production through the noncoding sequence 2 enhancer of the Il4 gene.
FcγRIIB Prevents Inflammatory Type I IFN Production from Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells during a Viral Memory Response
Authors: Flores Marcella , Chew Claude , Tyan Kevin , Huang Wu Qing , Salem Aliasger , Clynes Raphael 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The type I IFN (IFN-α) response is crucial for viral clearance during primary viral infections. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are important early responders during systemic viral infections and, in some cases, are the sole producers of IFN-α. However, their role in IFN-α production during memory responses is unclear. We found that IFN-α production is absent during a murine viral memory response, despite colocalization of virus and pDCs to the splenic marginal zone. The absence of IFN was dependent on circulating Ab and was reversed by the transgenic expression of the activating human FcγRIIA receptor on pDCs. Furthermore, FcγRIIB was required for Sendai virus immune complex uptake by splenic pDCs in vitro, and internalization via FcγRIIb prevented cargo from accessing TLR signaling endosomes. Thus, pDCs bind viral immune complexes via FcγRIIB and prevent IFN-α production in vivo during viral memory responses. This Ab-dependent IFN-α regulation may be an important mechanism by which the potentially deleterious effects of IFN-α are prevented during a secondary infection.