bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncogenic Herpesvirus HHV-8 Promotes Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Growth
Authors: Mygatt Justin G. , Singhal Adit , Sukumar Gauthaman , Dalgard Clifton L. , Kaleeba Johnan A.R. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Mechanisms underlying progression to androgen-independent prostate cancer following radical ablation therapy remain poorly defined. Although intraprostatic infections have been highlighted as potential cofactors, pathogen influences on pathways that support tumor regrowth are not known. To explore this provocative concept, we derived androgen-sensitive and -insensitive prostate epithelial cells persistently infected with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), an oncogenic herpesvirus that has been detected in normal prostate epithelium, prostate adenocarcinoma, and biologic fluids of patients with prostate cancer, to explore its effects on transition to hormone-refractory disease. Strikingly, we found that HHV-8 infection of androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells conferred the capacity for androgen-independent growth. This effect was associated with altered expression and transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor (AR). However, HHV-8 infection bypassed AR signaling by promoting enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)–mediated epigenetic silencing of tumor-suppressor genes, including MSMB and DAB2IP that are often inactivated in advanced disease. Furthermore, we found that HHV-8 triggered epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Although HHV-8 has not been linked etiologically to prostate cancer, virologic outcomes revealed by our study provide mechanistic insight into how intraprostatic infections could constitute risk for progression to androgen-independent metastatic disease where EZH2 has been implicated. Taken together, our findings prompt further evaluations of the relationship between HHV-8 infections and risk of advanced prostate cancer. Cancer Res; 73(18); 5695–708. ©2013 AACR.
Gramicidin A Induces Metabolic Dysfunction and Energy Depletion Leading to Cell Death in Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells
Authors: David Justin M. , Owens Tori A. , Barwe Sonali P. , Rajasekaran Ayyappan K. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Ionophores are lipid-soluble organic molecules that disrupt cellular transmembrane potential by rendering biologic membranes permeable to specific ions. They include mobile-carriers that complex with metal cations and channel-formers that insert into the membrane to form hydrophilic pores. Although mobile-carriers possess anticancer properties, investigations on channel-formers are limited. Here, we used the channel-forming ionophore gramicidin A to study its effects on the growth and survival of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. RCC is a histologically heterogeneous malignancy that is highly resistant to conventional treatments. We found that gramicidin A reduced the in vitro viability of several RCC cell lines at submicromolar concentrations (all IC50 &lt; 1.0 μmol/L). Gramicidin A exhibited similar toxicity in RCC cells regardless of histologic subtype or the expression of either the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene or its downstream target, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Gramicidin A decreased cell viability equal to or greater than the mobile-carrier monensin depending on the cell line. Mechanistic examination revealed that gramicidin A blocks ATP generation by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, leading to cellular energy depletion and nonapoptotic cell death. Finally, gramicidin A effectively reduced the growth of RCC tumor xenografts in vivo. These results show a novel application of gramicidin A as a potential therapeutic agent for RCC therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(11); 2296–307. ©2013 AACR.
Crosstalk between platelets and the complement system in immune protection and disease
Authors: Langer Harald F. , Verschoor Admar 
Published: September 2013

SummaryPlatelets have a central function in repairing vascular damage and stopping acute blood loss. They are equally central to thrombus formation in cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke. Beyond these classical prothrombotic diseases, immune mediated pathologies such as haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) or paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) also feature an increased tendency to form thrombi in various tissues. It has become increasingly clear that the complement system, part of the innate immune system, has an important role in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Not only does complement influence prothrombotic disease, it is equally involved in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), an autoimmune disease characterised by thrombocytopenia. Thus, there are complex interrelationships between the haemostatic and immune systems, and platelets and complement in particular. Not only does complement influence platelet diseases such as ITP, HUS and PNH, it also mediates interaction between microbes and platelets during systemic infection, influencing the course of infection and development of protective immunity. This review aims to provide an integrative overview of the mechanisms underlying the interactions between complement and platelets in health and disease.
Cardiovascular and upper gastrointestinal bleeding consequences of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid discontinuation
Authors: Soriano Lucía Cea , Bueno Héctor , Lanas Angel , Rodríguez Luis A. García 
Published: September 2013

SummaryIt was the aim of this study to investigate whether low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) therapy for secondary cardiovascular prevention should continue, despite the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to make a clinically meaningful benefit–risk assessment regarding the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal consequences of ASA discontinuation. This case–control study used The Health Improvement Network UK primary care database to identify patients aged 50–84 years during 2000–2007 with a first ASA prescription for secondary cardiovascular prevention (N = 39,513). New cases of non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI)/coronary death (n = 1,222), ischaemic stroke (IS)/transient ischaemic attack (TIA) (n = 673) and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) (n = 169) were identified after a mean follow-up of 3.2, 3.4 and 4.0 years, respectively. ASA discontinuers before the index date were identified. Attributable risks associated with ASA discontinuation were calculated and National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence annual economic data were used to estimate healthcare costs. The cumulative incidences of non-fatal MI/coronary death, IS/TIA and UGIB among ASA discontinuers within the first year of follow-up were 17, 11 and 1.6 per 1,000 persons, respectively. This corresponds to eight extra cardiovascular events, and a reduction of 0.4 UGIB events per year compared with current ASA users. Extrapolating to the UK population aged over 50 years, avoiding discontinuation of ASA could prevent 12,786 coronary and 7,672 cerebrovascular events/year, at the expense of 1023 extra UGIB events, saving approximately £100 million/year. In conclusion, preventing patients with cardiovascular disease from discontinuing ASA could result in substantial clinical and economic gains.
Homoarginine Levels Are Regulated by
l
-Arginine:Glycine Amidinotransferase and Affect Stroke Outcome
Authors: Choe Chi-un , Atzler Dorothee , Wild Philipp S. , Carter Angela M. , Böger Rainer H. , Ojeda Francisco , Simova Olga , Stockebrand Malte , Lackner Karl , Nabuurs Christine , Marescau Bart , Streichert Thomas , Müller Christian , Lüneburg Nicole , De Deyn Peter P. , Benndorf Ralf A. , Baldus Stephan , Gerloff Christian , Blankenberg Stefan , Heerschap Arend , Grant Peter J. , Magnus Tim , Zeller Tanja , Isbrandt Dirk , Schwedhelm Edzard 
Published: September 2013

Background—
Endogenous arginine homologues, including homoarginine, have been identified as novel biomarkers for cardiovascular disease and outcomes. Our studies of human cohorts and a confirmatory murine model associated the arginine homologue homoarginine and its metabolism with stroke pathology and outcome.

Methods and Results—

Increasing homoarginine levels were independently associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality in patients with ischemic stroke (7.4 years of follow-up; hazard ratio for 1-SD homoarginine, 0.79 [95% confidence interval, 0.64–0.96];
P
=0.019; n=389). Homoarginine was also independently associated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale+age score and 30-day mortality after ischemic stroke (
P
<0.05; n=137). A genome-wide association study revealed that plasma homoarginine was strongly associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the
l
-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (
AGAT
) gene (
P
<2.1×10
−8
; n=2806), and increased AGAT expression in a cell model was associated with increased homoarginine. Next, we used 2 genetic murine models to investigate the link between plasma homoarginine and outcome after experimental ischemic stroke: (1) an AGAT deletion (AGAT
−/−
) and (2) a guanidinoacetate
N
-methyltransferase deletion (GAMT
−/−
) causing AGAT upregulation. As suggested by the genome-wide association study, homoarginine was absent in AGAT
−/−
mice and increased in GAMT
−/−
mice. Cerebral damage and neurological deficits in experimental stroke were increased in AGAT
−/−
mice and attenuated by homoarginine supplementation, whereas infarct size in GAMT
−/−
mice was decreased compared with controls.

Conclusions—
Low homoarginine appears to be related to poor outcome after ischemic stroke. Further validation in future trials may lead to therapeutic adjustments of homoarginine metabolism that alleviate stroke and other vascular disorders.
Contribution and Risks of Left Ventricular Endomyocardial Biopsy in Patients With Cardiomyopathies
Authors: Chimenti Cristina , Frustaci Andrea 
Published: September 2013

Background—
Use of left ventricular (LV) endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) to investigate cardiomyopathies is currently discouraged because it is considered riskier than and as contributive as right ventricular (RV) biopsy. The aim of our study is to report our experience with this option and to discuss its advantages and disadvantages.

Methods and Results—

In our center from 1983 to 2010, 4221 patients underwent diagnostic EMB. In particular, 2396 (56.8%) underwent biventricular EMB, 1153 (27.3%) underwent selective LVEMB, and 672 (15.9%) underwent selective RVEMB. The rate of complications and histological findings were retrospectively analyzed. The periprocedural major complication rate (perforation with or without cardiac tamponade, embolization) was 0.33% for LVEMB and 0.45% for RVEMB, with a significant decrease in the rate of major complications with time (from 1.6% and 1.9% in 1983–1988 to 0% and 0.3% in 2007–2013, respectively;
P
<0.001 for both), denoting a steep learning curve. No patients died. When the structural and functional abnormalities affected exclusively the LV, the diagnostic yield of LVEMB was 97.8% compared with 53% for RVEMB. Conversely, when the echocardiographic presence of increased wall thickness, local or global ventricular dilation, or dysfunction also involved the RV, the diagnosis was reached in 98.1% of LVEMBs and 96.5% of RVEMBs. This discrepancy was particularly evident for myocarditis, whereas in infiltrative and storage diseases, the histological abnormalities were always detectable in both ventricles.

Conclusions—
LVEMB is a safe procedure with very low transient complications, comparable to RVEMB. It appears diagnostically more contributive than RVEMB in patients with cardiomyopathies and clinically preserved RV.
Postcolonialisme et prise en charge institutionnelle des jeunes belgo-congolais en situation de rupture sociale (Anvers, Bruxelles)
Authors: Manço Ural , Robert Mireille-Tsheusi , Kalonji Billy 
Published: September 2013

Résumé
Se basant sur une observation participante et le témoignage professionnel de deux travailleurs sociaux congolais, l’article souligne, à Anvers et à Bruxelles, les rapports entre autorités locales et associations belgo-congolaises qui rappellent l’ordre colonial. Cette réminiscence peut fournir une explication aux dysfonctionnements qui apparaissent lors de la prise en charge des jeunes belgo-congolais. Les besoins socioculturels des Belgo-Congolais ne sont pas rencontrés et leurs associations ne sont pas assez reconnues ni financées. La contribution étudie également la question identitaire de ces jeunes en proposant deux hypothèses qui pourraient fournir une base explicative au phénomène des « bandes urbaines », concernant la déstructuration de la famille migrante congolaise et l’effet socio-psychologique des séquelles coloniales. Cette approche tend à rendre caduque la réduction (souvent opérée par les pouvoirs publics) des réalités sociales des jeunes Belgo-Congolais à celles des jeunes Belges issus des immigrations marocaine et turque.
Postcolonial Stakes of Congolese (DRC) Political Space: 50 Years after Independence1
Authors: Demart Sarah , Bodeux Leïla 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This joint contribution interrogates the postcolonial relations that are at play in the Congolese political sphere in Belgium, the former colonial metropolis. Two lines of argument are developed. First, the politicisation of the postcolonial relations, which pre-dates the Congolese immigration to Belgium, is viewed from a historical perspective. Second, the highly competitive political pluralism, as observed since the early 2000s, is examined. After having restored historically the constitution and the reconstruction of this political sphere, wherein new technologies deepen the transnational movements, the authors will examine the tensions that arise from the unifying dynamics of the politically engaged Diaspora, on the one hand, and its intrinsic logics of division and fragmentation, on the other. The postcolonial issues that are at stake are to be seen on different levels: transnational, local, within the Diaspora, and between the Congolese minority and the Belgian majority. Their interconnectedness further reveals the postcolonial character of this political sphere.
Géographies religieuses et migrations postcoloniales: déclinaisons kimbanguistes, pentecôtistes, et olangistes en Belgique
Authors: Demart Sarah , Meiers Bénédicte , Mélice Anne 
Published: September 2013

Resumé
L’Église kimbanguiste (EJCSK), les Églises de réveil, le Ministère du Combat Spirituel du couple Olangi, sont trois mouvements religieux d’origine congolaise affirmant un christianisme africain affranchi des assignations coloniales et néocoloniales. Bien que ces mouvements soient irréductibles les uns aux autres sur le plan historique, ils sont tous travaillés par la thématique du combat spirituel. Sur la base de recherches menées au sein de ces mondes religieux plurilocalisés, les auteurs examinent la redistribution temporelle et spatiale des territoires sorciers. Après avoir rappelé les métamorphoses de la sorcellerie dans la société congolaise depuis les années 1990, les pratiques et les discours relatifs à la sorcellerie sont examinés pour chacun des mouvements. Les recompositions religieuses qu’engage la migration en Europe sont ensuite mises en perspective en posant la question de savoir dans quelle mesure ces pratiques et discours en situation migratoire activent le référent postcolonial. Si le projet migratoire est avant tout un projet de réalisation de soi et d’affranchissement pour les adeptes du combat spirituel, il est en même temps associé à une entreprise de rédemption d’une Europe jugée en perdition, et même, selon les kimbanguistes, en proie à la sorcellerie. Ce fond commun supporte toutefois aussi des divergences. Tandis que la migration est associée à une reformulation des discours sur la famille pour les olangistes et à une forte transformation des discours et des pratiques de délivrance au sein des Églises de réveil, le déplacement en Europe correspond au contraire pour la diaspora kimbanguiste, à une confrontation accrue avec un territoire considéré comme éminemment sorcier.
Four new species of coral gobies (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Gobiodon), with comments on their relationships within the genus
Authors: HERLER JUERGEN , BOGORODSKY SERGEY V. , SUZUKI TOSHIYUKI 
Published: September 2013

Four new species of the coral-associated gobiid genus Gobiodon were discovered in the Red Sea. Although several of these species are common not only in the Red Sea but also in the Indian and western Pacific Ocean, they have not been described before. Detailed descriptions of the four species are based on morphological and molecular genetic (mitochondrial 12s and 16s rRNA) investigations. The new species, like most species of the genus, lack scales and have species-specific life colouration. Gobiodon bilineatus sp. nov. is the closest relative to G. quinquestrigatus (Valenciennes) and of G. sp. D (Munday et al.), and has five distinct, blue lines on the head as juveniles and subadults, which disappear in adults, and which are often uniformly orange-red with two distinct, vertical blue lines through each eye. Gobiodon irregularis sp. nov. has been confused with the former new species in the past, and is closely related to G. oculolineatus Wu, but is unmistakable in live colouration. Juveniles are characterised by a transparent body, red bars on the head with bluish to greyish interspaces, and irregular red lines and dots on the nape and dorsally on the body. Adults are usually uniformly brown or green-brown, with only remnants of the bars through the eye and below the orbit. Gobiodon ater sp. nov. is a small, entirely black species and can be easily confused with other black species, although it is genetically clearly distinct from G. ceramensis Bleeker and its black relatives. Gobiodon fuscoruber sp. nov. is likely to be the closest relative of G. ater sp. nov., but is uniformly reddish-brown or brown, has bright median fin margins (at least in the Red Sea), and grows considerably larger than G. ater. It has been genetically determined that G. fuscoruber sp. nov. is identical with an Indian Ocean/western Pacific species that has been called G. unicolor Castelnau by several authors. However, examination of the holotype of G. unicolor, including the original description, revealed that the type species and original description are clearly different from the species frequently called G. unicolor. The holotype resembles G. histrio (Valenciennes) and the name G. unicolor must therefore be considered a junior synonym of G. histrio. As a consequence, a new name for this species is provided.
Dynamic evaluation of the loop technique using the U-Clip
Authors: Moriyama Hideki , Tomita Shigeyuki , Watanabe Go 
Published: September 2013

Background We set out to evaluate mitral valve repair with the loop technique under dynamic conditions, using a U-Clip to anchor the loop unit to a papillary muscle. Methods Mitral valve prolapse was artificially developed by resecting 4 chordae tendineae of a resected porcine heart. The loop unit was anchored to the papillary muscle using U-Clips. Each chordal loop was fixed on the prolapsed leaflet. A roller pump perfused the left ventricle. The left ventricular pressure was maintained at 250 mm Hg. Morphological assessment of the loop reconstruction was performed using an endoscope. Results 10 independent chordal reconstructions were performed. In all cases, the loop unit remained anchored against pressures exceeding 250 mm Hg. Upon increasing the water filling volume, rupture of a chorda tendinea occurred in 7 cases, rupture of the papillary muscle occurred in 2 cases, and left ventricle rupture occurred in 1 case. In all rupture cases, the loop unit remained anchored to the papillary muscle. Conclusion This dynamic evaluation of the loop technique using U-Clips to anchor the loop unit to a papillary muscle showed that the loop technique using U-Clips is a safe method.
Early relationships of adolescents
Authors: Letcher Amber , Slesnick Natasha 
Published: September 2013

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between attachment behavior, substance use, and sexual activity among adolescents in romantic relationships. Concepts from attachment theory have been proposed to explain adolescent risk behavior; however, research on adolescent attachment rarely assesses both members of the couple. A total of 21 adolescent couples (aged 15–18 years) were assessed on self-report and observed measures of romantic attachment, substance use, and sexual activity. Attachment anxiety was related to one’s own risk behavior. Self-reported attachment avoidance was also related to one’s own and his/her partner’s observed attachment behaviors. Given these results, risk prevention/intervention programs targeted toward adolescents may benefit from assessing attachment representations of adolescents, which may be related to participation in risk behavior.
Implementing evidence-based stroke Early Supported Discharge services: a qualitative study of challenges, facilitators and impact
Authors: Chouliara Niki , Fisher Rebecca J , Kerr Micky , Walker Marion F 
Published: September 2013

Objectives: To explore the perspectives of healthcare professionals and commissioners working with a stroke Early Supported Discharge service in relation to: (1) the factors that facilitate or impede the implementation of the service, and (2) the impact of the service. Design: Cross-sectional qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed by two researchers using a thematic analysis approach. Setting: Two Early Supported Discharge services in Nottinghamshire. Participants: Purposive sampling identified 35 key informants including practitioners, managers and commissioners. Results: The identified facilitators to the implementation of evidence-based services were: (1) the adaptability of the intervention to the healthcare context, (2) the role of rehabilitation assistants and (3) cross-service working arrangements. Perceived challenges included: (1) lack of clarity regarding the referral decision making process, (2) delays in securing social care input and (3) lack of appropriate follow-on services in the region. Most respondents perceived the impact of the services to be: (1) reducing in-hospital stay, (2) aiding the seamless transfer of care from hospital to the community and (3) providing intensive stroke specific therapy. Commissioners called for greater evidence of service impact and clarity regarding where it fits into the stroke pathway. Conclusions: Early Supported Discharge services were perceived as successful in providing home-based, stroke specific rehabilitation. Teams would benefit from capitalising on identified facilitators and developing strategies to address the challenges. The remit and impact of the services should be clear and demonstrable, with teams strengthening links with other health and social care providers.