bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investing in advocacy for parents with learning disabilities: what is the economic argument?
Authors: Bauer Annette , Wistow Gerald , Dixon Josie , Knapp Martin 
Published: February 2014

Accessible Summary

An advocate helps you know your rights and what is expected of you.

An advocate helps you speak up for yourself.

Parents with learning disabilities need advocates when professionals are worried about their children.

There is not much money for advocacy at the moment. Not all parents with learning disabilities can get advocacy.

This is why we tried to find out if it makes sense for the government to spend more money on advocacy.

We found out that advocacy can be good value for money. It can help parents and children. It can mean that social services have to pay less to help parents and their children.

SummaryAdvocacy can help service users both to understand their rights and choices and also to support them in resolving issues of great significance to their lives. We investigated some of the costs and outcomes of advocacy provided to parents with learning disabilities at risk of having their children taken into care. Through two workshops and a survey, we gathered information about service use and outcomes at case‐ and project‐levels. We used evidence from previous studies to assign unit costs to service use and to value the economic consequences of outcomes. We combined data with simple decision‐modelling techniques. The mean cost of the advocacy intervention was £3040; potential cost savings per case ranged from £720 if we only considered the impact on children's social services, to over £3130 if savings to other public services were considered. Estimated improvements in quality of life and earnings were worth an additional £550. The limitations of our study mean those findings should be interpreted cautiously. Nonetheless, they suggest there is scope for securing better value for money through introducing advocacy for parents with learning disabilities.
Starved human fibroblasts secrete acidic proteins inducing post re‐feeding proliferation and in vitro cell migration: A potential tool for wound healing
Authors: Golpour Monireh , Fattahi Sadegh , Niaki Haleh Akhavan , Hadipoor Abbas , Abedian Zeinab , Ahangarian Gholam Reza , Parsian Hadi , Mosapour Abbas , Khorasani Hamid Reza , Vaziri Hamid Reza , Bijani Ali , Mostafazadeh Amrollah 
Published: February 2014

Background InformationThere are several reports indicating that starved fibroblasts show higher proliferation rates when re‐fed with foetal bovine serum. We have evidence demonstrating that this phenomenon is related to secretory proteins which may be beneficial to wound healing.ResultsAfter re‐feeding, 16 and 72 h serum‐starved fibroblasts showed the highest and lowest proliferation rates, 1.59 and 0.51‐fold difference compared to the non‐starved control, respectively (P < 0.05). However, the latest value could be normalised by incubating cells with 16 h‐starved fibroblast cell culture supernatant (16‐SFS), prior to re‐feeding. A strong correlation was found between total protein level in starved fibroblast culture supernatants and post re‐feeding proliferation rates (r2 = 0.90, P < 0.001). Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of 16‐SFS confirmed the presence of proteins with relative molecular weights of 10–120 kDa and pI ranging from 4 to 6. A significant difference in calcium influx course was found between 16‐SFS and the negative control (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium) (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in Ca2+ concentrations after 1 h between non‐starved controls and 16‐SFS‐treated fibroblasts. The scratch test demonstrated that the 16‐SFS is able to induce fibroblast migration.ConclusionsWe concluded that human starved fibroblasts secrete proteins that are able to induce post re‐feeding cell proliferation and fibroblasts migration, probably through the induction of a sustained calcium influx. This is worth being considered as a potential tool for wound healing.
Torsional resonance frequency analysis: a novel method for assessment of dental implant stability
Authors: Tang Yu‐Long , Li Bing , Jin Wei , Li De‐Hua 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo establish and experimentally validate a novel resonance frequency analysis (RFA) method for measurement of dental implant stability by analyzing torsional resonance frequency (TRF).Material and methodsA numerical study and in vitro measurements were performed to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of the method of torsional RFA (T‐RFA) using a T‐shaped bilateral cantilever beam transducer. The sensitivity of this method was assessed by measuring the TRFs of dental implants with 8 sizes of T‐shaped transducers during polymerization, which simulated the process of bone healing around an implant. The TRFs of the test implants detected using this new method and the bending resonance frequencies (BRFs) measured by Osstell® ISQ were compared. TRFs and BRFs on implant models in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) blocks with three exposure heights were also measured to assess the specificity of this method.ResultsFinite element analysis showed two bending modes (5333 and 6008 Hz) following a torsional mode (8992 Hz) in the lower rank frequency. During in vitro measurements, a bending formant (mean 6075 Hz) and a torsional formant (mean 10225 Hz) appeared, which were verified by multipoint measurement with invariable excitation frequency in the laboratory. In the self‐curing resin experiments, the average growth rate at all time points of TRFs using the new method with Transducer II was 2.36% and that of BRFs using Osstell® ISQ was 1.97%. In the implant exposure height tests, the mean declined rate of TRFs was 2.06% and that of BRFs using Osstell® ISQ was 12.34%.ConclusionA novel method for assessment of implant stability through TRF was established using a T‐shape transducer, which showed high reliability and sensibility. The method alleviated the effects of implant exposure height on the measurements compared with Osstell® ISQ. The application of T‐RFA represents another way in the investigation of dental implant osseointegration.
Development and pilot testing of an online monitoring tool of depression symptoms and side effects for young people being treated for depression
Authors: Hetrick Sarah E. , Dellosa Maria Kristina , Simmons Magenta B. , Phillips Lisa 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimTo develop and examine the feasibility of an online monitoring tool of depressive symptoms, suicidality and side effects.MethodsThe online tool was developed based on guideline recommendations, and employed already validated and widely used measures. Quantitative data about its use, and qualitative information on its functionality and usefulness were collected from surveys, a focus group and individual interviews.ResultsFifteen young people completed the tool between 1 and 12 times, and reported it was easy to use. Clinicians suggested it was too long and could be completed in the waiting room to lessen impact on session time. Overall, clients and clinicians who used the tool found it useful.ConclusionsResults show that an online monitoring tool is potentially useful as a systematic means for monitoring symptoms, but further research is needed including how to embed the tool within clinical practice.
Coping as a predictor of treatment outcome in people at clinical high risk of psychosis
Authors: Kommescher Mareike , Wagner Michael , Pützfeld Verena , Berning Julia , Janssen Birgit , Decker Petra , Bottlender Ronald , Möller Hans‐Jürgen , Gaebel Wolfgang , Maier Wolfgang , Klosterkötter Joachim , Bechdolf Andreas 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimThe concept of coping is relevant to recent models of psychosis, and people with established psychotic disorders have been found to predominately use maladaptive coping strategies. This study aimed to examine the general coping patterns of people at clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR) and to investigate whether pre‐therapy coping behaviour plays a role in predicting responsiveness to early interventions.MethodsOne hundred twenty‐eight help‐seeking CHR outpatients were randomized into two treatment groups: either receiving integrated psychological intervention (IPI), including cognitive behaviour therapy, or supportive counselling (SC) for 12 months. Of those, 91 persons completed a Stress Coping Questionnaire (SCQ) at intake: 45 in the IPI group and 46 in the SC group. General coping behaviour in this sample was analysed and several regressions were conducted separately for each treatment group to examine coping as a predictor of outcome after 12 months of different forms of treatment.ResultsParticipants relied significantly more on negative than on positive coping strategies, t(90) = −7.185, P < 0.001, and within the positive strategies, stress control was the most preferred one, t(90) = 10.979, P < 0.001. Several pre‐therapy coping strategies significantly predicted improvement in symptomatic outcome in both treatment groups, explaining between 16% and 25% of variance. The predictive value of coping was higher in the SC group.ConclusionsMaladaptive coping behaviours were found to emerge in the early stages of psychosis and coping behaviour contributed significantly to the prediction of post‐treatment symptom improvement. These findings indicate a need for psychosocial support and coping strategy enhancement in people at risk of psychosis.
Detection of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clones to exclude inherited bone marrow failure syndromes
Authors: DeZern Amy E. , Symons Heather J. , Resar Linda S. , Borowitz Michael J. , Armanios Mary Y. , Brodsky Robert A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundInherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) and acquired aplastic anemia (AA) are life‐threatening marrow failure disorders. These entities can be difficult to distinguish because they present similarly. Correct diagnosis is imperative for proper therapy.Design and methodsThis is a retrospective, single‐center study of patients <40 yr of age, evaluated for bone marrow failure, and assayed for the presence of aPNHclone in the pediatric or adult hematology/oncology clinics from 2001 to present. Patients were also evaluated forIBMFS.ResultsWe present results from 156 patients with marrow failure, 20 of whom haveIBMFS. None of theIBMSFpatients had paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) clones.ConclusionsAlthough further studies are needed, our results suggest that the detection of aPNHclone can be a useful diagnostic tool to exclude the diagnosis ofIBMFSand focus the work‐up and treatment on an acquired form of marrow failure.
Male Courtship Pheromones Affect Female Behaviour in the Swordtail Characin (Corynopoma riisei)
Authors: Amcoff Mirjam , Hallsson Lára R. , Winberg Svante , Kolm Niclas 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPheromones constitute an important cue used by both males and females during courtship. Here, we investigate the effect of male pheromones on female behaviour in the swordtail characin (Corynopoma riisei), a species of fish where males have a caudal pheromone gland which has been suggested to affect female behaviour during courtship. We subjected female C. riisei to male courtship pheromones and investigated the effect on both female behaviour and brain serotonergic activity levels compared to a control group. While no difference in serotonergic activity was found, the pheromone‐treated females showed lower stress levels compared to the control group. Furthermore, pheromone‐treated females increased locomotor activity over time, while a decrease in locomotor activity was observed in the control group. These results suggest that the male courtship pheromones may serve to reduce female stress and increase female activity, possibly to aid males in gaining access to females and facilitating sperm transfer.
Biochemical, histopathological and behavioral alterations caused by intrastriatal administration of quinolic acid to young rats
Authors: Pierozan Paula , Fernandes Carolina G. , Dutra Márcio F. , Pandolfo Pablo , Ferreira Fernanda , de Lima Bárbara O. , Porciúncula Lisiane , Wajner Moacir , Pessoa‐Pureur Regina 
Published: February 2014

Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is a neuroactive metabolite of the kinurenine pathway, and is considered to be involved in aging and some neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease. QUIN was injected intrastriatally into adolescent rats, and biochemical and histopathological analyses in the striatum, cortex, and hippocampus, as well as behavioral tests, were carried out in the rats over a period of 21 days after drug injection. Decreased [3H]glutamate uptake and increased 45Ca2+ uptake were detected shortly after injection in the striatum and cerebral cortex. In the hippocampus, increased 45Ca2+ uptake preceded the decreased [3H]glutamate uptake, without histopathological alterations. Also, corticostriatal astrogliosis was observed 7 days later, progressing to neuronal death at day 14. QUIN‐treated rats also showed cognitive deficits 24 h after injection, concurrently with striatal astrogliosis. Motor deficits appeared later, after corticostriatal neurodegeneration. We assume that glutamate excitotoxicity could represent, at least in part, a molecular mechanism associated with the cognitive and motor impairments, corticostriatal astrogliosis and neuronal death observed in the QUIN‐treated rats. We propose that our findings could be relevant for understanding the pathophysiology of human neurodegenerative diseases affecting young people, such as the juvenile form of Huntington's disease, and for the design of potential therapeutic strategies to slow down the progression of the disease.
Estimation of bone marrow cellularity using digital image nucleated cell counts in patients receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Kim Y. , Kim M. , Kim Y. , Han J. H. , Han K. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryIntroductionBone marrow cellularity under microscopic examination has a wide range of variation. The number of nucleated cells in a certain volume of bone marrow could represent more accurate cellularity. In this study, we compared the cellularity under the microscope with the nucleated cell counts on the biopsy sections to assess the usefulness of nucleated cell count as a representative cellularity marker.MethodsThree hundred and twenty‐five bone marrow biopsies were analyzed. Two pathologists determined bone marrow cellularity using digital images with ×100 magnification from biopsy sections. Nucleated cell counts on the digital images with ×100 magnification were determined using automated cell counting software.ResultsA wide range of variation was observed in the nucleated cell counts among the biopsies with the same cellularity. A good correlation was observed between the cellularity under the microscope (×100 magnification) and the nucleated cell counts (r = 0.816, P < 0.05). The nucleated cell counts, using the automated cell counting software, had no significant interobserver difference (F = 0.001, P = 0.972). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the nucleated cell count between two observers was 0.952.ConclusionThe nucleated cell counts in the bone marrow biopsy could represent the number of residual hematopoietic cells more accurately than the method of cellularity under the microscope. The nucleated cell counts in the bone marrow biopsy could be especially helpful to determine cellularity after initial chemotherapy.
Clinical research potential in Victorian hospitals: the Victorian clinician researcher needs analysis survey
Authors: Hiscock H. , Ledgerwood K. , Danchin M. , Ekinci E. , Johnson E. , Wilson A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe 2012 McKeon Review highlighted the role of clinician researchers in patient based research and the need to foster this capacity. While anecdotal evidence suggests that clinician researchers are under threat and underfunded, Australian data on barriers and enablers of clinician‐led research are scant.AimsTo describe (i) characteristics of clinician researchers; (ii) for research‐active clinicians: areas of research, barriers/enablers of research and factors associated with funding success; and (iii) for research‐inactive clinicians: enablers of future research.MethodsAn online survey distributed through the Bio21 Cluster to clinicians (doctors, nurses, allied health professionals) in 15 Victorian hospitals between November 2011 and January 2012.ResultsSeven hundred and seventy of 1027 (75%) of respondents were research‐active and were more likely to be male, medical doctors, aged 45–54 years, to work full‐time and have a higher degree (all P < 0.01). Of clinicians with a higher degree, 28% were research‐inactive. Clinicians identified protected research time (50%), designated research space (42%), clinical trial coordinators (35%), institutional funding (34%) and mentoring (33%) as critical enablers of research. Research‐inactive clinicians identified protected research time as the key enabler of future research.ConclusionsTo realise recommendations in the McKeon Review, hospitals and research bodies will need to protect research time and provide space and funding. Engaging research‐inactive clinicians will build research capacity.
Early predictors of colectomy and long‐term maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis patients treated using anti‐tumour necrosis factor therapy
Authors: Subramaniam K. , Richardson A. , Dodd J. , Platten J. , Shadbolt B. , Pavli P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents are used as induction and maintenance therapy in ulcerative colitis (UC) refractory to standard therapy and as rescue therapy in acute severe UC (ASUC).AimsTo determine long‐term outcomes including colectomy rates, predictors of maintenance of response and remission, risk of serious adverse events by reviewing 12‐year clinical experience from a single centre in Australia.MethodsSeventy‐one patients with moderate‐severe UC (Mayo score ≥6) (n = 52) and ASUC (n = 19) treated with anti‐TNF agents were included. Primary end‐points were colectomy at 12 weeks and colectomy‐free survival at last follow up. Secondary endpoints included clinical response (decrease in Mayo score of ≥3) and remission (Mayo score ≤2).ResultsColectomy at 12 weeks was 1%, and colectomy‐free survival was 69%. Using full Mayo score, at 3 months, 32/37 (87%) refractory and 9/12 (75%) ASUC patients responded to anti‐TNF therapy; 19/37 (51%) refractory and 8/12 (67%) ASUC patients were in remission. Long‐term response rates (mean follow up 37.4 months) were 24/44 (55%) and 11/15 (73%) in refractory and ASUC groups respectively. Long‐term remission rates were 43% in refractory and 60% in ASUC patients. Twenty two of 71 (31%) underwent colectomy (mean time 50.4 months). Clinical non‐response at 3 months was a predictor of colectomy (hazard ratio = 9.346; P = 0.001). ASUC predicted long‐term maintenance of response (odds ratio 19.4; P = 0.013) and remission (odds ratio 6.13; P = 0.037). Two of 71 patients had serious infections.ConclusionsAnti‐TNF therapy is effective in both refractory and ASUC. We argue that early anti‐TNF therapy may improve outcome in UC.
Rapid Molten Salt Synthesis of Isotropic Negative Thermal Expansion ScF3
Authors: Hu Lei , Chen Jun , Fan Longlong , Deng Jinxia , Yu Ranbo , Xing Xianran 
Published: February 2014

With a simple ReO3‐type structure, ScF3 exhibits a rare property of isotropic negative thermal expansion over a large temperature range. In this study, a rapid and low‐temperature synthesis route has been developed to prepare pure phase of ScF3 in which NaNO3 or KNO3 as reaction media and Sc(NO3)3 and NH4HF2 as precursors (i.e., 30 min and 310°C). The sample of ScF3 has relatively regular morphology and shows high crystallinity as well as single‐crystalline nature. The type of molten salts has obvious impact on morphologies of the particles. Substituting NaNO3 with KNO3, cubes of ScF3 turns to be nanosticks. The thermal stability of the as‐prepared ScF3 was investigated by thermal analysis. Molten salts play a significant role in eliminating the nonstoichiometric impurity of ScF2.76 which is a common impurity during the conventional chemical reaction. This study reveals that molten salt is in favor of preparing those fluorides and relatives which is inert with moisture.
Low‐Temperature Phase Transition in AgNbO3
Authors: Zhang Tingsong , Zhang Chenyang , Wang Ling , Chai Yisheng , Shen Shipeng , Sun Young , Yuan Hongming , Feng Shouhua 
Published: February 2014

AgNbO3 is a weak ferroelectric with antiferroelectricity due to Ag displacements at room temperature. A dielectric anomaly at 250 K, which has not been observed previously, reveals a transition between the weak ferroelectric phase (M1 phase) at the higher temperature and a new ferroelectric phase (M0 phase) at the lower temperature in AgNbO3. This transition was further verified by the pyroelectric current and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. The spontaneous polarization value is found to be much larger in the M0 phase than that of the M1 phase. A well‐defined saturating ferroelectric hysteresis loop can also be observed at 77 K, showing a remnant polarization value of 2.4 μC/cm2 and a coercive field of 25 kV/cm. All the above results indicate that the larger polarization of the M0 phase mainly comes from the alignment of the antiferroelectric displacements of the Ag atoms.
Intergroup friendship and children's intentions for social exclusion in integrative classrooms: the moderating role of teachers' diversity beliefs
Authors: Grütter Jeanine , Meyer Bertolt 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe examine children's intentions to socially exclude other children with special educational needs in integrative classrooms. Based on developmental and diversity research, we hypothesize that intergroup friendship leads to lower intentions to socially exclude. We also examine the moderating role of teachers' diversity beliefs on the proposed relationship. We obtained social network and questionnaire measures from 439 primary school pupils from 20 school classes, and analyzed them with multilevel modeling. In support of the moderation hypothesis, results show that intergroup friendship was only associated with lower intentions for social exclusion if teachers saw value in diversity for their class. The results offer important insights into intergroup contact theory and its use for designing implications for integrative education.