bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential hypoglycaemic effects of insoluble fibres isolated from foxtail millets [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauvois]
Authors: Bangoura Mohamed Lamine , Nsor‐Atindana John , Zhu Kexue , Tolno Michel Bono , Zhou Huiming , Wei Peng 
Published: October 2012

SummaryInsoluble fibres were isolated from the two varieties of foxtail millet (white and yellow) grains and evaluated for their hypoglycaemic effects by in vitro studies. The hypoglycaemic effects of these fibres were compared with those of commercial soy insoluble fibre. The results revealed that minimum and maximum amounts of glucose were adsorbed on each sample at 10 and 200 μmol g−1 glucose concentrations respectively, indicating that the glucose adsorption capacity (GAC) of the fibre materials was proportional to glucose concentration for all samples. There was significant (P < 0.05) difference among all the fibre materials in relation to their GAC values. In the case of the effects of the fibres on glucose diffusion, the millets' insoluble fibres performed better than that of the commercial soy insoluble fibres. The glucose dialysis retardation indexes at the end of the maximum dialysis time were 1.1%, 27.4% and 22.6% for soy bean insoluble fibre, white foxtail millet insoluble fibre and yellow foxtail millet insoluble fibre in that order. The study showed that hypoglycaemic effects of yellow and white foxtail millet fibres were comparable to the commercial soy insoluble fibre.
Characterisation of soy extract processed under different drying methods and extraction conditions
Authors: Fasolin Luiz H. , Cunha Rosiane L. 
Published: October 2012

SummarySoybean extract (SE), enriched in soy soluble polysaccharide (SSPS), was evaluated in three different conditions varying in extraction temperature and drying process: SE‐A −80 °C, freeze‐dried, SE‐B −80 °C, spray‐dried, SE‐C −95 °C, spray‐dried. Spray‐dried SE presented lower moisture content, smaller and more uniform particles. In addition, zeta potential showed the same negative surface charge for all extracts showing the prevailing behaviour of SSPS. Moreover, all biopolymers were composed of three main molecular weight (Mw) fractions, but the Mw distribution was different between the three ingredients, reflecting their rheological behaviour in aqueous solution. Higher mean Mw led to enhanced apparent viscosity observed in neutral and acid pH for SE‐A, followed by ‐B and ‐C, respectively. The inverse behaviour was observed for intrinsic viscosity at neutral pH. However, SE‐C showed lower intrinsic viscosity at acid pH, which was attributed to protein–polysaccharide interaction presents in the solution.
Medicago truncatula as a model host for studying legume infecting Rhizoctonia solani and identification of a locus affecting resistance to root canker
Authors: Anderson J. P. , Lichtenzveig J. , Oliver R. P. , Singh K. B. 
Published: October 2012

The broad‐host‐range necrotizing fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani is responsible for economically significant diseases to crops as diverse as wheat, maize, barley, canola, sugar beet, potato, soyabean, bean, lupin and alfalfa. Germplasm screens in many of the crop hosts have not identified strong genetic resistance which, together with the lack of effective control, mean the pathogen remains a substantial problem for agriculture in many parts of the world. Following the establishment of a robust inoculation assay, a germplasm collection of the model legume Medicago truncatula was screened with various legume‐infecting isolates of R. solani. While some significant differences in susceptibility/resistance were detected between some lines, in the majority of cases M. truncatula was susceptible to R. solani. Comparison of a legume‐ and cereal‐infecting AG8 isolate with a legume‐specific AG11 isolate revealed no difference in pathogenicity between the two isolates when infecting M. truncatula. The most significant differences in susceptibility occurred with an AG6 isolate, which caused root canker. This included significant differences between the moderate resistance of the M. truncatula reference genotype A17 and the high susceptibility of line A20. The analysis of a recombinant inbred line population derived from A17 and A20 revealed a single locus contributing to the resistance in A17. Interestingly, the locus only affected the development of post‐emergent (late) symptoms, such as necrosis of cotyledons at 11 days after inoculation and root‐ and above‐ground‐weights, but not pre‐emergent seedling damping off. These findings pave the way for further studies to dissect the genetic and molecular mechanisms of resistance.
Effects of psychosocial program for preparing long‐term hospitalized patients with schizophrenia for discharge from hospital: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sato Sayaka , Ikebuchi Emi , Anzai Nobuo , Inoue Shimpei 
Published: October 2012

AimThe aims of the present study were to revise the Community Re‐entry Program–Japanese version and to review the effectiveness of the revised Program, named the Discharge Preparation Program.MethodsThis study was a randomized controlled trial. The Discharge Preparation Program (DPP) was the intervention condition (n = 26), and the usual rehabilitation program was the control condition (n = 23). Outcome indicators included factors that make patient discharge difficult (which nurses evaluated), psychiatric symptom, knowledge about the illness or medication, and the number of patients who were discharged within 6 months after the end of a program.ResultsSignificant improvements were found in the score of the ‘Issues on treatment compliance’ factor and the score of the ‘Autistic life’ factor, which are subscales of the Discharge Difficulty Scale, for the DPP group, on two‐way ANOVA (‘Issues on treatment compliance’: F = 3.818, P < 0.10; ‘Autistic life’: F = 4.155, P < 0.05) These factors affected discharge outcome. Thus, the program may be capable of promoting discharge of long‐term hospitalized psychiatric patients. With regard to the number of patients discharged in 6 months after the end of a program, there was no significant difference between both groups.ConclusionThe present result is in agreement with past studies, and the DPP is useful in discharge support for patients with schizophrenia in Japan.
Health care‐associated pneumonia in haemodialysis patients: Clinical outcomes in patients treated with narrow versus broad spectrum antibiotic therapy
Authors: TAYLOR STEPHANIE PARKS , TAYLOR BRICE T. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Although the 2005 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Disease Society of America antibiotic guidelines classify pneumonia occurring in patients receiving chronic haemodialysis as health care‐associated pneumonia (HCAP), and thus recommend treatment with broad‐spectrum antibiotics for these patients, little data support this classification. We compared clinical outcomes in haemodialysis patients hospitalized with pneumonia, who were treated with broad‐spectrum antibiotics versus narrow‐spectrum antibiotics.Methods:  One hundred twenty‐five haemodialysis patients with pneumonia met eligibility criteria. Categorization into the community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) group or HCAP group was based on antibiotic therapy patients received. Time to oral therapy, time to clinical stability, length of stay and mortality were compared.Results:  CAP and HCAP patients did not differ in Pneumonia Severity Index and Charlson Comorbidity index scores, but HCAP patients were more likely to meet criteria for severe pneumonia. Patients treated with HCAP therapy had a significantly longer time to oral therapy than CAP patients (9.2 vs 3.2 days, P < 0.001) and a significantly longer length of stay (11.9 vs 5.1 days, P < 0.001). Time to clinical stability was marginally longer in the HCAP group (3.1 vs 2.4 days, P = 0.07). Patients treated with HCAP therapy had longer continuation of intravenous antibiotics after reaching clinical stability (5.5 vs 0.78 days, P < 0.001).Conclusions:  This study is the first to our knowledge to describe clinical outcomes in patients with haemodialysis as their only HCAP risk factor. Narrow‐spectrum antibiotics may be safe in haemodialysis patients with no other HCAP risk factors. HCAP therapy delayed de‐escalation to oral antibiotics was associated with increased duration of intravenous antibiotics and length of stay.
Clinical profile of people referred to mental health nurses under the Mental Health Nurse Incentive Program
Authors: Meehan Tom , Robertson Samantha 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe Mental Health Nurse Incentive Program (MHNIP) was established in Australia during 2007. The program enables mental health nurses to work in partnership with general practitioners (GPs) in the assessment and treatment of people with severe mental health problems. This paper provides insights into the demographic and clinical profile of 403 people enrolled in the MHNIP in the Ipswich area of Queensland. The clinical presentation (illness severity and symptoms) of those referred to the MHNIP is compared to that of: (i) people referred to a related program known as Access to Allied Psychological Services (ATAPS); and (ii) to clients admitted to acute inpatient care in Queensland. While people referred to the MHNIP presented with more severe problems than those referred to ATAPS, they had less severe problems than those admitted to acute inpatient care. The findings indicate that the MHNIP is meeting the needs of people with complex mental and physical health problems. Further evaluation work is required to determine if the findings from this study can be generalized more broadly. At the national level, consideration should be given to the routine collection of clinical, cost, and demographic data to enable the ongoing monitoring of the program.
Spatio‐temporal dynamics of anIps acuminatusoutbreak and implications for management
Authors: Colombari Fernanda , Schroeder Martin L. , Battisti Andrea , Faccoli Massimo 
Published: October 2012

Understanding spatio‐temporal processes of bark beetle infestations is crucial for predicting beetle behaviour and aiding management decisions aiming to prevent or mitigate tree mortality. We recorded the spatial and temporal distribution of killed trees during the 5‐year period of anIps acuminatusoutbreak.Killed trees were always grouped in well‐defined patches (infestation spots). In years of high population density, infestation spots were large and aggregated, whereas, in years of low density, infestation spots were small and weakly aggregated or randomly distributed within the study area.Most trees were killed in the spring by beetles that had hibernated but, in some years, trees were also killed in the summer by new‐generation beetles originating from spring attacks. Spring‐killed trees always formed new infestation spots at new locations (i.e. spot proliferation). By contrast, summer‐killed trees always occurred at the edge of active spots established in the spring, thus resulting in spot growth.With regard to management strategies, the results obtained in the present study suggest that areas located in close proximity to infestations of the previous year should be prioritized for risk assessment. Because large spots account for most of the observed tree mortality, the cut‐and‐remove method should be focused on these spots as soon as crown discoloration appears in the summer. If applied timely, this strategy will remove the new‐generation beetles originating from the spring attacks before they emerge and also reduce the risk of spot growth.
Cultivation of corneal epithelial cell sheets on canine amniotic membrane
Authors: Nam Eunryel , Takahashi Ayaka , Fujita Naoki , Tsuzuki Keiko , Nishimura Ryohei 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjective  To develop and assess canine corneal epithelial cell sheets cultivated from limbal stem cells on amniotic membrane.Procedures  Canine corneal limbal segments were obtained from six beagle dogs. Cryopreserved denuded amniotic membranes (obtained from Miniature Dachshund and Cavalier King Charles Spaniel breeds) from which the epithelial cells were removed were used as scaffolds. The limbal segments were cultured on these amniotic membranes with 3T3 feeder cells for 2 weeks. The harvested corneal epithelial cell sheets were stained with H&E for histologic analysis. The harvested sheets were analyzed immunohistochemically using a corneal epithelium‐specific marker keratin 3(K3) and putative stem cell markers ABCG2, p63, and vimentin.Results  Cultivated cells from the corneal limbal tissues reached confluency in 7–8 days. The cultivated cells adhered to the denuded amniotic membrane and formed a sheet. The cultivated cell sheet was transparent and consisted of five to eight layers. K3 was observed in all layers and ABCG2, p63, and vimentin were notably present in the basal layer of the cultivated canine epithelium by immunofluorescence.Conclusions  Canine corneal epithelial cells were successfully cultivated on the canine amniotic membrane. The cultivated epithelial sheets contained putative stem cells in the basal layer and had a stratified epithelium.
Characterization of ocular gland morphology and tear composition of pinnipeds
Authors: Davis Robin Kelleher , Doane Marshall G. , Knop Erich , Knop Nadja , Dubielzig Richard R. , Colitz Carmen M. H. , Argüeso Pablo , Sullivan David A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjective  The importance of tear film integrity to ocular health in terrestrial mammals is well established, however, in marine mammals, the role of the tear film in protection of the ocular surface is not known. In an effort to better understand the function of tears in maintaining health of the marine mammal eye surface, we examined ocular glands of the California sea lion and began to characterize the biochemical nature of the tear film of pinnipeds.Procedures  Glands dissected from California sea lion eyelids and adnexa were examined for gross morphology, sectioned for microscopic analysis, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The tear film was examined using interferometry. Tears were collected from humans and pinnipeds for the analysis of protein and carbohydrate content.Results  The sea lion has sebaceous glands in the lid, but these glands are different in size and orientation compared with typical meibomian glands of terrestrial mammals. Two other accessory ocular glands located dorsotemporally and medially appeared to be identical in morphology, with tubulo‐acinar morphology. An outer lipid layer on the ocular surface of the sea lion was not detected using interferometry, consistent with the absence of typical meibomian glands. Similar to human tears, the tears of pinnipeds contain several proteins but the ratio of carbohydrate to protein was greater than that in human tears.Conclusions  Our findings indicate that the ocular gland architecture and biochemical nature of the tear film of pinnipeds have evolved to adapt to the challenges of an aquatic environment.
Canine ocular thelaziosis caused by Thelazia callipaeda in Portugal
Authors: Pimenta Paulo , Cardoso Luís , Pereira Maria J. , Maltez Luís , Coutinho Teresa , Alves Maria S. , Otranto Domenico 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOcular thelaziosis caused by Thelazia callipaeda is a vector‐borne disease affecting dogs and humans. We report a case of thelaziosis in a 10‐year‐old German Shepherd dog from Vila Real city (Portugal). Ophthalmological examination revealed bulbar and nictitating membrane conjunctival hyperemia with serous discharge noted at the left medial canthus and blepharitis. Schirmer tear test value and intraocular pressure were within the reference ranges in both eyes, and biomicroscopy showed a transparent cornea without lesions or edema and no inflammatory reaction in the anterior chamber. No funduscopic alterations were detected by direct and indirect ophthalmoscopic examination. When testing the nasolacrimal patency, two white worms were observed on the caruncle conjunctival surface with undulating movements that increased with light intensity. In total, eight worms were collected and morphologically identified as T. callipaeda (seven mature females and one male). PCR amplification of a 689 sequence of partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 target gene confirmed the nematodes were T. callipaeda, haplotype 1. The dog was treated with a single subcutaneous injection of ivermectin combined with additional topical application of ophthalmic fusidic acid drops and oral milbemycin oxime. One week after treatment, no worms were detected and the ocular clinical signs resolved. The most recent reports of canine thelaziosis in the Iberian Peninsula should alert local health authorities to the zoonotic potential of infestation with T. callipaeda, which should be included in the differential diagnosis of conjunctivitis in dogs and humans.
A facemask for gaseous anesthesia in laboratory rodents and chicks that allows easy access to the eyes for ophthalmic procedures
Authors: Bacellar Marianna , Querubin Janice , Petersen‐Jones Simon M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose  The purpose of this study is to report a method for making a cheap and effective anesthesia facemask for laboratory rodents and chicks that allows access to the eyes for ophthalmic procedures such as electroretinography (ERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods  The facemask is fabricated from a bulb syringe and a medicine dropper (Luvs®, Jamaica, NY) both intended for use in infants. The tip of the bulb syringe is removed to make a plastic cone (1.5 cm in length) to fit over the animal’s nose. The bulb is removed from the medicine dropper and a small hole on the side of bulb near the closed end made into which the narrow end of the plastic cone is fitted and the joint glued with a hot glue gun. The facemask is then attached over the anesthetic tubing.Results  Following induction of anesthesia, the facemask and a nonrebreathing circuit (Baines system) are suitable to maintain anesthesia in laboratory rodents and chicks while allowing ready access to the eyes for ERG and OCT. The mask fits snuggly, reducing leakage of anesthetic gasses and it has a minimum of deadspace.Conclusions  The materials required for making the facemask are cheap and readily available and it is easy to fabricate. We found it excellent for use with mice and chicks, and it allows easy access to the eyes for techniques such as ERG and OCT.
The accuracy of plant assemblage prediction from species distribution models varies along environmental gradients
Authors: Pottier Julien , Dubuis Anne , Pellissier Loïc , Maiorano Luigi , Rossier Leila , Randin Christophe F. , Vittoz Pascal , Guisan Antoine 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimClimatic niche modelling of species and community distributions implicitly assumes strong and constant climatic determinism across geographical space. We tested this assumption by assessing how stacked‐species distribution models (S‐SDMs) perform for predicting plant species assemblages along elevation gradients.LocationThe western Swiss Alps.MethodsUsing robust presence–absence data, we first assessed the ability of topo‐climatic S‐SDMs to predict plant assemblages in a study area encompassing a 2800‐m wide elevation gradient. We then assessed the relationships among several evaluation metrics and trait‐based tests of community assembly rules.ResultsThe standard errors of individual SDMs decreased significantly towards higher elevations. Overall, the S‐SDM overpredicted far more than they underpredicted richness and could not reproduce the humpback curve along elevation. Overprediction was greater at low and mid‐range elevations in absolute values but greater at high elevations when standardized by the actual richness. Looking at species composition, overall prediction success, kappa and specificity increased with increasing elevation, while the Jaccard index and sensitivity decreased. The best overall evaluation – as driven by specificity – occurred at high elevation where species assemblages were shown to be subject to significant environmental filtering of small plants. In contrast, the decreased overall accuracy in the lowlands was associated with functional patterns representing any type of assembly rule (environmental filtering, limiting similarity or null assembly).Main conclusionsWe provide a thorough evaluation of S‐SDM emphasizing the need to carefully interpret standard evaluation metrics, which reflect different aspects of assemblage predictions. We further reported interesting patterns of change in S‐SDM errors with changes in assembly rules along elevation. Yet, significant levels of assemblage prediction errors occurred throughout the gradient, calling for further improvement of SDMs, e.g. by adding key environmental filters that act at fine scales and developing approaches to account for variations in the influence of predictors along environmental gradients.
Infant Gaze Following During Parent–Infant Coviewing of Baby Videos
Authors: Demers Lindsay B. , Hanson Katherine G. , Kirkorian Heather L. , Pempek Tiffany A. , Anderson Daniel R. 
Published: October 2012

A total of 122 parent–infant dyads were observed as they watched a familiar or novel infant‐directed video in a laboratory setting. Infants were between 12–15 and 18–21 months old. Infants were more likely to look toward the TV immediately following their parents' look toward the TV. This apparent social influence on infant looking at television was not solely due to the common influence of the television program on looking behavior. Moreover, infant looks that were preceded by parent looks tended to be longer in length than those that were not preceded by parent looks, suggesting that infants assign greater value to media content attended to by their parents. Thus, parental patterns of attention to television may influence early viewing behavior.
Multiple sclerosis and restless legs syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Schürks M. , Bussfeld P. 
Published: October 2012

Background and purposeRestless legs syndrome (RLS) has been reported to occur more frequently in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) than in people without MS.MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis of studies investigating RLS in patients with MS published through April 2012. We calculated the prevalences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of RLS in patients with MS and people without MS as well as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs of the association between MS and RLS based on data from the publications. We then calculated pooled effect estimates for the association between MS and RLS.ResultsWe identified 24 studies. RLS prevalence amongst patients with MS ranged from 12.12% to 57.50% and from 2.56% to 18.33% amongst people without MS. Heterogeneity amongst studies was high (RLS prevalence in patients with MS I2 = 94.4%; RLS prevalence amongst people without MS I2 = 82.2%). Hence, we did not pool the prevalence data for meta‐analysis. Heterogeneity amongst studies investigating the association between MS and RLS was moderate (I2 = 53.6%). Pooled analysis indicates that MS is associated with a fourfold increased odds for RLS (pooled OR = 4.19, 95% CI 3.11–5.66). This association was smaller amongst studies published as full papers (pooled OR = 3.94, 95% CI 2.81–5.54) than amongst studies published as abstracts only (pooled OR = 6.23, 95% CI 3.25–11.95).ConclusionThis systematic review indicates that RLS prevalence amongst patients with MS ranges from 12.12% to 57.50% in different populations. Pooled analysis further indicates that the odds of RLS amongst patients with MS are fourfold higher compared to people without MS.