bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadcast-Enhanced Key Predistribution Schemes
Authors: Kendall Michelle , Martin Keith M. , Ng Siaw-Lynn , Paterson Maura B. , Stinson Douglas R. 
Published: September 2014

We present a formalisation of a category of schemes that we refer to as broadcast-enhanced key predistribution schemes (BEKPSs). These schemes are suitable for networks with access to a trusted base station and an authenticated broadcast channel. We demonstrate that the access to these extra resources allows for the creation of BEKPSs with advantages over key predistribution schemes such as flexibility and more efficient revocation. There are many possible ways to implement BEKPSs, and we propose a framework for describing and analysing them.
In their paper “From Key Predistribution to Key Redistribution,” Cichoń et al. [2010] propose a scheme for “redistributing” keys to a wireless sensor network using a broadcast channel after an initial key predistribution. We classify this as a BEKPS and analyse it in that context. We provide simpler proofs of some results from their paper, give a precise analysis of the resilience of their scheme, and discuss possible modifications. We then study two scenarios where BEKPSs may be particularly desirable and propose a suitable family of BEKPSs for each case. We demonstrate that they are practical and efficient to implement, and our analysis shows their effectiveness in achieving suitable trade-offs between the conflicting priorities in resource-constrained networks.
XtratuM hypervisor redesign for LEON4 multicore processor
Authors: Carrascosa E. , Coronel J. , Masmano M. , Balbastre P. , Crespo A. 
Published: September 2014

XtratuM is an open source hypervisor that uses para-virtualization techniques designed to comply with safety critical real-time requirements. Several projects aimed to define a reference architecture for space on-board systems have adopted XtratuM as a virtualization layer in order to enforce the strong spatial and temporal isolation between software components that is required on real-time airborne systems.
Given the shift in the general trend in processor development towards multicore processors, the European Space Agency (ESA) is commissioning a set of studies in order to evaluate their suitability for their use on the space market. This paper focuses on the porting of XtratuM to the LEON4 multicore processor, in the frame of a ESA study that pursues to assess its fitness for its use in future space missions.
Towards hardware embedded virtualization technology
Authors: Garcia Paulo , Gomes Tiago , Salgado Filipe , Monteiro Joao , Tavares Adriano 
Published: September 2014

Embedded virtualization possesses inherent challenges which differentiate the domain from traditional virtualization application fields such as server and desktop computing. Standard software virtualization solutions have a negative impact, not only on memory footprint and performance, but also on determinism and interrupt latency which are critical for the embedded real-time domain. Thus, efficient embedded virtualization requires domain-specific software and hardware support.
This paper presents work in progress results of hardware-based Hypervisor implementation. The use cases of embedded virtualization are analyzed, justifying the reasoning for hardware-supported virtualization. Architectural and micro-architectural improvements to an ARM v5TE processor are described, demonstrating the performance advantages, and compared against ARM Virtualization Extensions, identifying respective vulnerabilities and providing alternative solutions which enable higher flexibility, minimizing virtualization costs. The research roadmap towards a hardware-complete Hypervisor, based on the presented results, is described.
Perturbation ofm-Isometries by Nilpotent Operators
Authors: Bermúdez Teresa , Martinón Antonio , Müller Vladimir , Noda Juan Agustín 
Published: September 2014

We prove that ifTis anm-isometry on a Hilbert space andQann-nilpotent operator commuting withT, thenT+Qis a2n+m-2-isometry. Moreover, we show that a similar result form, q-isometries on Banach spaces is not true.
The Concentrations of EGFR, LRG1, ITIH4, and F5 in Serum Correlate with the Number of Colonic Adenomas in ApcPirc/+ Rats
Authors: Ivancic Melanie M. , Irving Amy A. , Jonakin Kelli G. , Dove William F. , Sussman Michael R. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The development of noninvasive methods for early detection of colon cancer is critical for the successful management of this disease. Using a targeted quantitative proteomics technique, we assessed the ability of 12 serum proteins to detect the presence of colonic polyps in the ApcPirc/+ rat model of familial colon cancer. Serum protein candidates were selected from gene transcripts upregulated in colonic tumors of ApcPirc/+ rats and from a prior study of serum proteins differentially expressed in mice carrying intestinal adenomas. Proteins were quantified at early stages of polyp formation in a rat cohort monitored longitudinally by colonoscopy over a period of 75 days. Of the 12 proteins monitored at three distinct time points, seven showed differential expression in at least one time point in the serum from ApcPirc/+ rats compared with wild-type rats. Tumor multiplicity correlated with protein expression changes, and most tumors grew during the study. EGFR, LRG1, ITIH4, and F5 displayed the most robust tumor-associated protein expression changes over time. Receiver operator characteristic analysis using these four proteins resulted in a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 80%, and an area under the curve of 0.93 at 135 days of age, when the Pirc rats bore an average of 19 tumors in the colon and seven in the small intestine. The results of this study demonstrate that the quantitative analysis of a panel of serum proteins can detect the presence of early intestinal tumors in a rat model, and provides support for future measurements in humans. Cancer Prev Res; 7(11); 1160–9. ©2014 AACR.
Impaired In Vivo Mitochondrial Krebs Cycle Activity After Myocardial Infarction Assessed Using Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Dodd Michael S. , Atherton Helen J. , Carr Carolyn A. , Stuckey Daniel J. , West James A. , Griffin Julian L. , Radda George K. , Clarke Kieran , Heather Lisa C. , Tyler Damian J. 
Published: September 2014

Background—
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of heart failure. An increasing body of evidence links alterations in cardiac metabolism and mitochondrial function with the progression of heart disease. The aim of this work was to, therefore, follow the in vivo mitochondrial metabolic alterations caused by MI, thereby allowing a greater understanding of the interplay between metabolic and functional abnormalities.

Methods and Results—

Using hyperpolarized carbon-13 (
13
C)-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in vivo alterations in mitochondrial metabolism were assessed for 22 weeks after surgically induced MI with reperfusion in female Wister rats. One week after MI, there were no detectable alterations in in vivo cardiac mitochondrial metabolism over the range of ejection fractions observed (from 28% to 84%). At 6 weeks after MI, in vivo mitochondrial Krebs cycle activity was impaired, with decreased
13
C-label flux into citrate, glutamate, and acetylcarnitine, which correlated with the degree of cardiac dysfunction. These changes were independent of alterations in pyruvate dehydrogenase flux. By 22 weeks, alterations were also seen in pyruvate dehydrogenase flux, which decreased at lower ejection fractions. These results were confirmed using in vitro analysis of enzyme activities and metabolomic profiles of key intermediates.

Conclusions—
The in vivo decrease in Krebs cycle activity in the 6-week post-MI heart may represent an early maladaptive phase in the metabolic alterations after MI in which reductions in Krebs cycle activity precede a reduction in pyruvate dehydrogenase flux. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism in heart disease are progressive and proportional to the degree of cardiac impairment.
Rethinking Composite End Points in Clinical Trials
Authors: Stolker Joshua M. , Spertus John A. , Cohen David J. , Jones Philip G. , Jain Kaushik K. , Bamberger Emily , Lonergan Brady B. , Chan Paul S. 
Published: September 2014

Background—
Many clinical trials use composite end points to reduce sample size, but the relative importance of each individual end point within the composite may differ between patients and researchers.

Methods and Results—

We asked 785 cardiovascular patients and 164 clinical trial authors to assign 25 “spending weights” across 5 common adverse events comprising composite end points in cardiovascular trials: death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, and hospitalization for angina. We then calculated end point ratios for each participant’s ratings of each nonfatal end point relative to death. Whereas patients assigned an average weight of 5 to death, equal or greater weight was assigned to myocardial infarction (mean ratio, 1.12) and stroke (ratio, 1.08). In contrast, clinical trialists were much more concerned about death (average weight, 8) than myocardial infarction (ratio, 0.63) or stroke (ratio, 0.53). Both patients and trialists considered revascularization (ratio, 0.48 and 0.20, respectively) and hospitalization (ratio, 0.28 and 0.13, respectively) as substantially less severe than death. Differences between patient and trialist end point weights persisted after adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics (
P
<0.001 for all comparisons).

Conclusions—
Patients and clinical trialists did not weigh individual components of a composite end point equally. Whereas trialists are most concerned about avoiding death, patients place equal or greater importance on reducing myocardial infarction or stroke. Both groups considered revascularization and hospitalization as substantially less severe. These findings suggest that equal weights in a composite clinical end point do not accurately reflect the preferences of either patients or trialists.
On some Recent non-marine ostracods from northern China, with description of one new species
Authors: Zhai Dayou , Zhao Wanhe 
Published: September 2014

Preliminary investigations of urban waters in Beijing City and small water-bodies in Inner Mongolia yielded a total of 12 living ostracod species. Five species are new records for China:Candona quasiakainaKaranovic & Lee, 2012,Fabaeformiscandona myllainaSmith & Kamiya, 2007,Heterocypris auricularissp. nov. (previously known asHeterocypris sanukiensisOkubo, 2004 nomen nudum),Ilyocypris mongolicaMartens, 1991 andPlesiocypridopsis newtoni(Brady & Robertson, 1870).Bradleycypris vittata(Sars, 1903),Ilyocypris angulataSars, 1903,Limnocythere stationisVávra, 1891 andPhysocypria kraepeliniG. W. Müller, 1903 are the first records for Palaearctic China.Cypridopsis vidua(O. F. Müller, 1776),Heterocypris incongruens(Ramdohr, 1808) andLimnocythere inopinata(Baird, 1843) are also reported in this paper, although they had already been found in China before. Of the above species,B. vittata,I. angulataandI. mongolicaare re-described. The present study expands our knowledge on the taxonomy and geographical distribution of ostracod species.
Polymyalgia rheumatica: 125 years of progress?
Authors: Rooney Patrick J , Rooney Jennifer , Balint Geza , Balint Peter 
Published: September 2014

Objectives On the 125th anniversary of the first recognised publication on polymyalgia rheumatica, a review of the literature was undertaken to assess what progress has been made from the point of view of the clinical care of affected patients. Methods The authors searched Medline and PubMed using the search terms ‘polymyalgia rheumatica’, ‘giant cell arteritis’ and ‘temporal arteritis’. As much as possible, efforts were made to focus on studies where polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis were treated as separate entities. The selection of articles was influenced by the authors' bias that polymyalgia rheumatica is a separate clinical condition from giant cell arteritis and that, as yet, the diagnosis is a clinical one. Apart from the elevation of circulating acute phase proteins, which has been recognised as a feature of polymyalgia rheumatica for over 60 years, the diagnosis receives no significant help from the laboratory or from diagnostic imaging. Results This review has shown that, following the recognition of polymyalgia as a distinct clinical problem of the elderly, the results of a considerable amount of research efforts including those using the advances in clinical imaging technology over the past 60 years, have done little to change the ability of clinicians to define the disease more accurately. Since the introduction of corticosteroids in the 1950s, there has been also very little change in the clinical management of the condition. Conclusions Polymyalgia rheumatica remains a clinical enigma, and its relationship to giant cell arteritis is no clearer now than it has been for the past 125 years. Diagnosing this disease is still almost exclusively dependent on the clinical acumen of a patient’s medical attendant. Until an objective method of identifying it clearly in the clinical setting is available, uncovering the aetiology is still unlikely, and until then, preventing the pain and stiffness of the disease while avoiding the problems of prolonged exoposure to corticosteroids is likely to remain elusive or serendipitous.
Application of Proximal Lateral Leg Perforator Flaps for Head and Neck Reconstructions
Authors: Hsu Honda , Chen Peir‐Rong , Chien Sou‐Hsin , Lee Jiunn‐Tat 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveAnalyze the reliability, complications, and donor site morbidity of the proximal lateral leg flap when applied to head and neck reconstruction.Study DesignCase series and chart review.SettingTertiary care teaching hospital.Subjects and MethodsNineteen patients who underwent reconstruction of various head and neck defects with this flap were analyzed. The patient demographics, flap characteristics, method of donor site closure, scars of the donor area, complication rates, as well as functional results at the recipient site were assessed.ResultsThe flap size ranged from 4 × 4 cm to 11 × 8 cm. Vascular pedicle length ranged from 5 to 9 cm. The mean distance of the perforator from the fibula head was 9.2 cm. The mean thickness of this flap was 5.5 mm. All the donor wounds were closed primarily. The flap survival rate was 100%.ConclusionThis flap has the advantages of thinness, short harvesting time, minimal donor site morbidity, and primary closure at the donor site when the flap width is less than 6 cm. This flap may be useful for reconstruction in selected patients with small and thin heads and neck defects.
The effect of relaxation therapy on autonomic functioning, symptoms and daily functioning, in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia: a systematic review
Authors: Meeus Mira , Nijs Jo , Vanderheiden Tanja , Baert Isabel , Descheemaeker Filip , Struyf Filip 
Published: September 2014

Objective: To establish the effects of relaxation therapy on autonomic function, pain, fatigue and daily functioning in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia. Method: A systematic literature study was performed. Using specific keywords related to fibromyalgia or chronic fatigue syndrome and relaxation therapy, the electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science were searched. Included articles were assessed for their risk of bias and relevant information regarding relaxation was extracted. The review was conducted and reported according to the PRISMA-statement. Results: Thirteen randomized clinical trials of sufficient quality were included, resulting in a total of 650 fibromyalgia patients (11 studies) and 88 chronic fatigue syndrome patients (3 studies). None of the studies reported effects on autonomic function. Six studies reported the effect of guided imagery on pain and daily functioning in fibromyalgia. The acute effect of a single session of guided imagery was studied in two studies and seems beneficial for pain relief. For other relaxation techniques (eg. muscle relaxation, autogenic training) no conclusive evidence was found for the effect on pain and functioning in fibromyalgia patients comparison to multimodal treatment programs. For fatigue a multimodal approach seemed better than relaxation, as shown in the sole three studies on chronic fatigue syndrome patients. Conclusion: There is moderate evidence for the acute effect of guided imagery on pain, although the content of the visualization is a matter of debate. Other relaxation formats and the effects on functionality and autonomic function require further study.
Taking balance training for older adults one step further: the rationale for and a description of a proven balance training programme
Authors: Halvarsson Alexandra , Dohrn Ing-Mari , Ståhle Agneta 
Published: September 2014

Objective: To give the rationale and evidence for and a detailed description of a rehabilitation programme of proven effectiveness in improving balance in older adults. Background theory and evidence: Based on the knowledge that balance loss usually occurs in situations when attention is divided, especially when being older, and that balance control relies on the interaction of several physiological systems, we have developed a specific and progressive balance training programme with dual- and multi-task exercises for older adults. Practical application: Balance demanding exercises, specific to the various components of balance control and to situations in daily life, were performed in sitting, standing and walking at three different levels of progression (basic, moderate and advanced) of increasing difficulty and complexity. The training was performed in 45-minutes group sessions, with 6–10 participants in each group, three times per week during 12 weeks, with two or three physiotherapists present. Conclusions: This balance training programme strengthens self-efficacy in balance control leading to improved fall-related self-efficacy, reduced fear of falling, increased walking speed, and improved physical function. Participants found the programme motivating, valuable, fun, and enjoyable, which was reflected in a high attendance rate.
Aquatic exercise and pain neurophysiology education versus aquatic exercise alone for patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pires Diogo , Cruz Eduardo Brazete , Caeiro Carmen 
Published: September 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a combination of aquatic exercise and pain neurophysiology education with aquatic exercise alone in chronic low back pain patients. Design: Single-blind randomized controlled trial. Setting: Outpatient clinic. Subjects: Sixty-two chronic low back pain patients were randomly allocated to receive aquatic exercise and pain neurophysiology education ( n = 30) or aquatic exercise alone ( n = 32). Interventions: Twelve sessions of a 6-week aquatic exercise programme preceded by 2 sessions of pain neurophysiology education. Controls received only 12 sessions of the 6-week aquatic exercise programme. Main measures: The primary outcomes were pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale) and functional disability (Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale) at the baseline, 6 weeks after the beginning of the aquatic exercise programme and at the 3 months follow-up. Secondary outcome was kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia). Results: Fifty-five participants completed the study. Analysis using mixed-model ANOVA revealed a significant treatment condition interaction on pain intensity at the 3 months follow-up, favoring the education group (mean SD change: −25.4± 26.7 vs −6.6 ± 30.7, P < 0.005). Although participants in the education group were more likely to report perceived functional benefits from treatment at 3 months follow-up (RR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.01–2.63), no significant differences were found in functional disability and kinesiophobia between groups at any time. Conclusions: This study’s findings support the provision of pain neurophysiology education as a clinically effective addition to aquatic exercise.
Balancing everyday life two years after falling ill with Guillain-Barré syndrome: a qualitative study
Authors: Forsberg Anette , Widén-Holmqvist Lotta , Ahlström Gerd 
Published: September 2014

Purpose: The aim was to describe experiences of disability in everyday life and managing the recovery process two years after falling ill with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Design: Qualitative interview study. Methods: Interviews were conducted with 35 persons (22 male, mean age 50 years) two years after the onset of Guillain-Barré syndrome. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis. Results: The analysis revealed four categories and an overall theme: ‘Striving for balance in everyday life’. The participants described persistent lived body restrictions that affected their arms, legs, and face. Bodily symptoms and loss of energy limited or restricted many everyday activities. In connection with healthcare, both satisfaction and feeling vulnerable in a critical situation were described. Experiences of the recovery process varied. The participants described acceptance and reappraisal of a new life situation despite their limitations, and having gained the knowledge that life can change suddenly. However, they also expressed disappointment following an overly positive prognosis in the early stages, and over a continuous wait for recovery. For some participants life had returned to as before. Conclusion: The participants experienced limitations in everyday life and decreased functioning in several parts of the body. The recovery process may still be ongoing two years after onset. Rehabilitation intervention with an extended focus on supporting individualized coping processes could facilitate ways to live with persistent disability.