bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child and adolescent psychiatry in the Far East
Authors: Hirota Tomoya , Guerrero Anthony , Sartorius Norman , Fung Daniel , Leventhal Bennett , Ong Say How , Kaneko Hitoshi , Kim Bungnyun , Cho Soo‐Churl , Skokauskas Norbert ,   Consortium on Academic Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in the Far East (CACAP FE)
Published: October 2014

AimDespite the general consensus on the importance of youth mental health, the scarcity of child and adolescent mental health services is prominent all over the world. Child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) postgraduate training can play a pivotal role in increasing access to youth mental health services. In comparison to Europe and North America, however, little is reported regarding CAP training in the Far East, one of the most dynamic and rapidly developing world regions with a very young population. This paper presents an original study on the current status of academic child and adolescent psychiatry training across the Far East.MethodsWe collected data from 17 countries in the Far East using an internally distributed questionnaire to the Consortium members invited for this study, consisting of leading academic child and adolescent psychiatrists in each country.ResultsBased on informants' input, we found an overall underdevelopment of CAP postgraduate training systems despite CAP's recognition as a subspecialty in 12 of 17 of the nations or functionally self‐governing areas in the Far East. Paucity of official guidelines for CAP training was also evident. All informants reported a need for additional child and adolescent mental health professionals.ConclusionThere seems to be several obstacles to the development of CAP postgraduate training in the Far East, including stigma towards mental health issues and lack of funding. International collaboration is desired to develop evidence‐based and culture‐tailored CAP training systems.
Non‐clinical interventions for acute respiratory infections and diarrhoeal diseases among young children in developing countries
Authors: Seguin Maureen , Niño Zarazúa Miguel 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of non‐clinical interventions against acute respiratory infections and diarrhoeal diseases among young children in developing countries.MethodsExperimental and observational impact studies of non‐clinical interventions aimed at reducing the incidence of mortality and/or morbidity among children due to acute respiratory infections and/or diarrhoeal diseases were reviewed, following the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsEnhancing resources and/or infrastructure, and promoting behavioural changes, are effective policy strategies to reduce child morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoeal disease and acute respiratory infections in developing countries. Interventions targeting diarrhoeal incidence generally demonstrated a reduction, ranging from 18.3% to 61%. The wide range of impact size reflects the diverse design features of policies and the heterogeneity of socio‐economic environments in which these policies were implemented. Sanitation promotion at household level seems to have a greater protective effect for small children.ConclusionPublic investment in sanitation and hygiene, water supply and quality and the provision of medical equipment that detect symptoms of childhood diseases, in combination of training and education for medical workers, are effective policy strategies to reduce diarrhoeal diseases and acute respiratory infections. More research is needed in the countries that are most affected by childhood diseases. There is a need for disaggregation of analysis by age cohorts, as impact effectiveness of policies depends on children's age.
Export Spillovers: Opening the Black Box
Authors: Choquette Eliane , Meinen Philipp 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper studies the importance of export spillovers in a firm's decision to enter specific export markets and extends the current state of the literature by assessing different mechanisms through which they may occur, namely (i) labour movement, (ii) intra‐industry spillovers and (iii) inter‐industry linkages. We do so by exploiting a unique data set covering the universe of manufacturing firms in Denmark for the period 1995–2006 which combines transaction‐level export data, firm accounting data, employer–employee linked data and information from yearly input–output tables. We corroborate the literature on export spillovers by presenting robust evidence of destination‐specific export spillovers. The results suggest that labour mobility as well as intra‐ and inter‐industry linkages (backward linkages) are important channels for export spillovers, while presenting heterogeneous effects across firms of different size and export markets.
Automorphy and irreducibility of some l-adic representations
Authors: Patrikis Stefan , Taylor Richard 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this paper we prove that a pure, regular, totally odd, polarizable weakly compatible system of $l$-adic representations is potentially automorphic. The innovation is that we make no irreducibility assumption, but we make a purity assumption instead. For compatible systems coming from geometry, purity is often easier to check than irreducibility. We use Katz’s theory of rigid local systems to construct many examples of motives to which our theorem applies. We also show that if $F$ is a CM or totally real field and if ${\it\pi}$ is a polarizable, regular algebraic, cuspidal automorphic representation of $\text{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{A}_{F})$, then for a positive Dirichlet density set of rational primes $l$, the $l$-adic representations $r_{l,\imath }({\it\pi})$ associated to ${\it\pi}$ are irreducible.
A study of the representations supported by the orbit closure of the determinant
Authors: Kumar Shrawan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe show the existence of a large family of representations supported by the orbit closure of the determinant. However, the validity of our result is based on the validity of the celebrated ‘Latin square conjecture’ due to Alon and Tarsi or, more precisely, on the validity of an equivalent ‘column Latin square conjecture’ due to Huang and Rota.
Cobalt Oxide-Based Structured Thermochemical Reactors/Heat Exchangers for Solar Thermal Energy Storage in Concentrated Solar Power Plants
Authors: Agrafiotis Christos , Roeb Martin , Sattler Christian 
Published: October 2014

Based on the characteristics of the oxide redox pair system Co3O4/CoO as a thermochemical heat storage medium and the advantages of porous ceramic structures like honeycombs and foams in heat exchange applications, the idea of employing such ceramic structures coated with or manufactured entirely from a redox material like Co3O4, has been implemented.
Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) experiments have demonstrated that laboratory-scale Co3O4-coated, redox-inert ceramic foams and honeycombs exhibited repeatable, cyclic reduction-oxidation operation within the temperature range 800–1000°C, employing all the redox material incorporated, even at loading levels exceeding 100 wt% loading percentages.
To further improve the volumetric heat storage capacity, monolithic porous ceramic foams made entirely of Co3O4 were manufactured, together with analogous pellets. Such porous structures were also capable of cyclic reduction–oxidation, exploiting the entire amount of Co3O4 used in their manufacture. In this perspective, “open” porous structures like the ones of ceramic foams seem to have significant advantages in addressing problems associated with cyclic expansion-contraction that could be detrimental to structural integrity.
Reverse Electrodialyis Salinity Gradient Power Experiment
Authors: Amaral Sean , Franklin Neil , Jurkowski Michael , Zenouzi Mansour 
Published: October 2014

Today’s rate of fossil fuel consumption rapidly depletes fuel reserves and leads to a number of adverse environmental effects. Although the scope of these effects has yet to be fully realized, it is clear that the development of alternative energy sources is very important. A relatively new form of alternative energy known as reverse electrodialysis (RED) appears to be one of the promising energy sources of the future. This technology harvests the energy stored in the salinity gradient between two different liquids, and converts it directly into electric power. This power is generated by pumping water through an array of alternating pairs of cation and anion exchange membranes called cells. Various academic sources calculate the available energy to be 1.5 MJ for every cubic meter of sea and river water mixed, making all river basins a potential location for power production.
Small prototype systems using 50 cells with areas of 100 cm2 were assembled by a group in the Netherlands, but larger stacks remain to be tested. An understanding of the feasibility of RED as a possible energy source relies on testing of cells with larger membrane area and different numbers of membrane pairs. An experimental system was designed with cells 61 cm × 16.5 cm, which will increase the output by nearly a factor of 10. Along with having much larger dimensions than previous systems, the design has an adjustable number of cells in the stack, allowing users obtain test results at a variety of settings. Comparing the output of systems with few cells to systems with many cells will help us to optimize the stack size in terms of hydrodynamic losses.
Initial testing of the system resulted in a positive result. The tests showed that the system produced power, and the 1.98 volts measured was 83% of the predicted value. Leakage of the electrode rinse solution contaminated the membranes, and prevented more testing. Once the electrode rinse system is redesigned, more testing will be done.
The Use of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles for Peak Shaving
Authors: Tse Charles G. , Maples Benjamin A. , Kreith Frank 
Published: October 2014

This article is a feasibility analysis of using the batteries in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) for peak shaving. The analysis focuses on energy availability of the PHEV fleet as well as the financial savings to the utilities by analyzing different charging scenarios and circuitry.
The energy availability and the financial savings are heavily dependent on the location and availability of charging stations. Three charging scenarios are analyzed: charging is possible at any time; cars can only be charged overnight; charging can be done overnight and twice during the day at the place of work for cars that are used for commuting.
The major findings of the study are that charging only overnight will not provide sufficient energy when needed, but both other charging mechanisms can provide effective peak shaving. The charging anytime would require funding a large number of charging station, but charging overnight and at work could be accomplished with relative minor financial investments. The savings from peak shaving could be used for incentives to offset the extra cost of batteries in plug-in electric vehicles.
System and Market Analysis of Methanol Production Using Compact Engine Reformers
Authors: Acocella Angi , Lim Emmanuel , Cedrone Kevin , Bromberg Leslie , Seethamraju Srinivas , Cohn Daniel , Green William 
Published: October 2014

New energy plants coming online must be both economical and efficiently balanced to satisfy demanding requirements in the future. A balance of plant analysis was performed to determine the techno-economic feasibility of a 100 barrel oil equivalent (boe) per day, compact Gas to Liquid (GTL) methanol plant. Methanol itself is emerging as a possible alternative to gasoline; but it is also the precursor to dimethyl ether (DME), which has recently received a lot of attention as a low emitter of particulate matter and nitrous oxides, which can replace diesel in trucking applications and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in domestic applications. Production of synthesis gas (syngas) from methane gas was modeled via partial oxidation of fuel-rich mixtures in engine cylinders using GT-ISE. Two ignition modes were studied: spark ignition (SI) and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI). The use of the engine as a compressor was also studied in order to reduce net compression requirements and therefore capital and operating costs. The low brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) allowed in HCCI operation substantially limits both the throughput and capability to produce high-pressure syngas. The use of mechanical power generated by the engine reformer to power other components such as compressors and the air separation unit (ASU) have been studied. The waste heat produced from the engine and methanol synthesis reactors was also considered in the analysis. Integration of all components in the system was performed in Aspen Plus.
To inform plant design, a survey was performed of vendors with small-scale methanol synthesis technologies that could integrate an engine reformer. Aspen Process Economic Analyzer (APEA) was also used to generate estimates of plant component costs. A study of the profitability and payback period of the technology was performed to determine the cost to produce methanol based on the balance of plant analysis. The results of this analysis were used to gauge the technology’s feasibility and therefore provided constructive feedback to guide future plant design.
Frequency Analysis and Predictive Identification of Flame Stability by Image Processing
Authors: De Giorgi Maria Grazia , Sciolti Aldebara , Pescini Elisa , Ficarella Antonio 
Published: October 2014

Monitoring and characterization of combustion flames by digital image processing is an active research topic.
This study experimentally investigates the feasibility of high speed visualization techniques for combustion instability monitoring in a swirl liquid-fueled lean combustor for different air/fuel ratios. Instability, in fact, is an unpleasant aspect in the combustive system that negatively impacts on combustion efficiency.
This work investigates methods for extracting significant parameters using the geometrical and luminous data of the flame images; some flame features are related to the combustion regimes. The stability of the flame is identified using spectral and wavelet-based analysis of the pixel intensities of the flame images.
In particular the most flame unstable regions were identified by analyzing the two dimensional maps of different physical quantities.
The impact of the fuel/air ratio on the stability of the flame is investigated also by a Monochromator/Photomultiplier system (PMT).
The results support the potential of the methods described for flame monitoring.
Calibrated Building Energy Models for Community-Scale Sustainability Analyses
Authors: Waite Michael , Modi Vijay 
Published: October 2014

Building energy contributes approximately 40% of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions and 75% of emissions in some urban areas. Evaluating modifications to existing building stocks is essential to a proper assessment of GHG reduction policy at various levels. With deeper penetration of intermittent renewable energy resources, supply and demand effects at a high resolution (e.g. hourly) will become more important as variations in grid emissions will become more significant. City-level hourly electricity load data is available; however, effects of building stock changes on usage profiles are not easily analyzed, and on-site fossil fuel usage — the dominant loads in many urban areas — are generally only available annually. Building energy models allow for detailed simulation of building systems, but existing building models must be calibrated to actual energy usage to predict the effects of energy conservation measures.
Reference building models developed by the U.S. Department of Energy for the EnergyPlus software tool were used as the basis for a set of calibrated building energy models to perform community-scale energy conservation measures on the dominant building classes in NYC (i.e. residential and office buildings). A statistical analysis of zip code-level annual electricity and fuel usage data was performed to determine electricity, space heating fuel and domestic hot water (DHW) fuel usage intensities (EUIs) for three broad building categories encompassing these building types in New York City. Several parameters were adjusted for each model until simulations produced the EUIs from the statistical analysis: Thermal envelope characteristics, peak electric equipment and lighting loads, DHW flow requirements, cooling equipment coefficient of performance and heating equipment efficiency. Cooling energy demands were adjusted based on the electricity demand vs. temperature behavior during the cooling season. The hourly daily usage schedules of internal electric and lighting loads were then adjusted for all models, targeting the actual hourly electricity demands for NYC. Because hourly changes affect annual EUIs, the calibrations were performed iteratively until the model outputs, weighted by each building type’s total NYC square footage, equaled the annual EUIs for each building type and the hourly electricity demand data.
This paper shows that this comprehensive calibration approach can achieve root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of 7% from the average annual electricity demand for these building types, compared to a 31% RMSD for an approach using annual energy calibration only.
Study of Different Configurations of ISCC Parabolic Trough
Authors: Duran Dolores , Almanza Rafael , Martínez Ivan 
Published: October 2014

This work shows the study of different configurations of integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC) parabolic-trough power plant with Direct Steam Generation (DSG). This paper is a sequel of previous works (Duran), but in this case six different configurations are analyzed: two pressure level without reheater (2P), 2P considering the solar field the high pressure economizer of the heat recovery steam generator, 2P considering the solar field the low pressure superheater, two pressure level with reheater (2PR), 2PR considering the solar field the low pressure superheater, 2PR considering the solar field the high pressure economizer. The main objective is to achieve the thermoeconomic optimization (based on Thermodynamic 1st. Law) of the HRSG including the solar field, to determine the optimal design parameters of both systems.
It is applied a genetic algorithm (GA) methodology employed in previous works for the optimization of combined cycle power plants. Also, a sensitivity analysis with respect to the variation of solar radiation is done for the configurations that yield better results. As a result it would be obtained the optimal parameters of the HRSG and the optimal solar energy contribution for the configurations analyzed.
Development and Design Prototype 300 kW-Thermal High-Temperature Particle Heating Concentrator Solar Power System Utilizing Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Golob Matthew , Jeter Sheldon , Abdel-Khalik Said I. , Sadowski Dennis , Al-Ansary Hany , Elleathy Abdelrahman 
Published: October 2014

The advantages of high temperature central receiver particle heating solar heat supply systems in concentrator solar power (CSP) have been recognized in recent years. The use of particulate as the collection medium provides two critical advantages: (1) Ordinary particulate minerals and products will allow higher collection temperatures approaching 1000°C compared with conventional molten salts, which are limited to around 650°C, and (2) the low cost high temperature particulate material can also be used as the storage medium in a highly cost effective thermal energy storage (TES) system. The high operating temperature allows use of high efficiency power conversion systems such as supercritical steam in a vapor power cycle or supercritical carbon dioxide in a Brayton cycle. Alternatively, a lower cost gas turbine can be used for the power conversion system. High conversion efficiency combined with inexpensive TES will yield a highly cost effective CSP system. The 300 kW-th prototype is being constructed as a solar heat supply system only, deferring the power conversion system for later demonstration in a larger integrated CSP system.
This paper describes the general design and development efforts leading to construction of the 300 kW prototype system located in the Riyadh Techno Valley development near King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, which is the first sizeable solar heat supply system purposely designed, and constructed as a particle heating system.
An important component in a particle heating system is the particle heating receiver (PHR), which should be durable and efficient while remaining cost-effective. A critical enabling technology of the PHR being implemented for this project was invented by researchers on our team. In our version of the PHR, the particulate flows downwards through a porous or mesh structure where the concentrated solar energy is absorbed. The porous structure will reduce the speed of the falling particulate material allowing a large temperature rise on a single pass. The new design will also increase the absorption of solar energy and mitigate convective heat loss and particle loss. Other innovative aspects of this design include low cost thermal energy storage bins and a cost effective particle to working fluid heat exchanger. Certain features of these design elements are subjects of ongoing patent applications. Nevertheless, the overall design and the development process of the prototype system is presented in this paper.
LNG Regasification Integrated Within an Air-Separation Process
Authors: Morosuk T. , Schult M. , Tsatsaronis G. 
Published: October 2014

The liquefied natural gas (LNG) market has grown significantly and the growth is expected to continue in the future. New technologies that lead to an increased efficiency in each step of the LNG chain are currently under consideration. The studies and the commercial applications associated with the LNG regasification processes can be divided into three large groups: (a) Direct and indirect heat transfer processes between water and LNG; (b) LNG-based co-generation systems, and (c) industrial complexes consisting of an LNG import terminal and an energy-conversion plant, or an energy-intensive chemical plant.
In this paper a novel concept for integrating the LNG vaporization into an air separation process is presented. The simulation, energy and exergy analyses are discussed.