bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ontogeny of nasal floor shape variation in extant humans
Authors: Nicholas Christina L. , Franciscus Robert G. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTVariation in nasal floor topography has generated both neontological and paleontological interest. Three categories of nasal floor shape (Franciscus: J Hum Evol 44 (2003) 699–727) have been used when analyzing this trait in extant humans and fossil Homo: flat, sloped, and depressed (or “bi‐level”). Variation in the frequency of these configurations within and among extant and fossil humans has been well‐documented (Franciscus: J Hum Evol 44 (2003) 699–727; Wu et al.: Anthropol Sci 120 (2012) 217–226). However, variation in this trait in Homo has been observed primarily in adults, with comparatively small subadult sample sizes and/or large age gradients that may not sufficiently track key ontogenetic changes. In this study, we investigate the ontogeny of nasal floor shape in a relatively large cross‐sectional age sample of extant humans (n = 382) ranging from 4.0 months fetal to 21 years post‐natal. Results indicate that no fetal or young infant individuals possess a depressed nasal floor, and that a depressed nasal floor, when present (ca. 21% of the sample), does not occur until 3.0 years postnatal. A canonical variates analysis of maxillary shape revealed that individuals with depressed nasal floors were also characterized by relatively taller anterior alveolar regions. This suggests that palate remodeling at about 3.0–3.5 years after birth, under the influence of tooth development, strongly influences nasal floor variation, and that various aspects of dental development, including larger crown/root size, may contribute to the development of a depressed nasal floor. These results in extant humans may help explain the high frequency of this trait found in Neandertal and other archaic Homo maxillae. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:369–378, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐Supported Cu3P Nanowire Arrays as an Integrated High‐Performance Three‐Dimensional Cathode for Generating Hydrogen from Water
Authors: Tian Jingqi , Liu Qian , Cheng Ningyan , Asiri Abdullah M. , Sun Xuping 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSearching for inexpensive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts with high activity has attracted considerable research interest in the past years. Reported herein is the topotactic fabrication of self‐supported Cu3P nanowire arrays on commercial porous copper foam (Cu3P NW/CF) from its Cu(OH)2 NW/CF precursor by a low‐temperature phosphidation reaction. Remarkably, as an integrated three‐dimensional hydrogen‐evolving cathode operating in acidic electrolytes, Cu3P NW/CF maintains its activity for at least 25 hours and exhibits an onset overpotential of 62 mV, a Tafel slope of 67 mV dec−1, and a Faradaic efficiency close to 100 %. Catalytic current density can approach 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 143 mV.
Ein maßgeschneidertes chimäres Thiamindiphosphat‐abhängiges Enzym zur direkten asymmetrischen Synthese von (S)‐Benzoinen
Authors: Westphal Robert , Vogel Constantin , Schmitz Carlo , Pleiss Jürgen , Müller Michael , Pohl Martina , Rother Dörte 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThiamindiphosphat‐abhängige Enzyme sind bekannt für die Katalyse der asymmetrischen Synthese von chiralen α‐Hydroxyketonen ausgehend von einfachen prochiralen Substraten. Dabei wird das Produktspektrum von den sterischen und chemischen Eigenschaften des aktiven Zentrums des Enzyms festgelegt. Enzyme, die die Carboligation von aromatischen Aldehyden zu (S)‐Benzoinen katalysieren, waren bisher nicht identifiziert worden. Diese Lücke konnten wir durch die Konstruktion eines chimären Enzyms schließen, das die Synthese von verschiedenen (S)‐Benzoinen mit exzellenten Enantiomerenüberschüssen (>99 %) und guten Umsätzen katalysiert.
Concerted Asynchronous Hula‐Twist Photoisomerization in the S65T/H148D Mutant of Green Fluorescent Protein
Authors: Zhang Qiangqiang , Chen Xuebo , Cui Ganglong , Fang Wei‐Hai , Thiel Walter 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFluorescence emission of wild‐type green fluorescent protein (GFP) is lost in the S65T mutant, but partly recovered in the S65T/H148D double mutant. These experimental findings are rationalized by a combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) study at the QM(CASPT2//CASSCF)/AMBER level. A barrierless excited‐state proton transfer, which is exclusively driven by the Asp148 residue introduced in the double mutant, is responsible for the ultrafast formation of the anionic fluorescent state, which can be deactivated through a concerted asynchronous hula‐twist photoisomerization. This causes the lower fluorescence quantum yield in S65T/H148D compared to wild‐type GFP. Hydrogen out‐of‐plane motion plays an important role in the deactivation of the S65T/H148D fluorescent state.
Expedient Synthesis of Fused Azepine Derivatives Using a Sequential Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation/1‐Aza‐Cope Rearrangement of Dienyltriazoles
Authors: Schultz Erica E. , Lindsay Vincent N. G. , Sarpong Richmond 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA general method for the formation of fused dihydroazepine derivatives from 1‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles bearing a tethered diene is reported. The process involves an intramolecular cyclopropanation of an α‐imino rhodium(II) carbenoid, leading to a transient 1‐imino‐2‐vinylcyclopropane intermediate which rapidly undergoes a 1‐aza‐Cope rearrangement to generate fused dihydroazepine derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction proceeds with similar efficiency on gram scale. The use of catalyst‐free conditions leads to the formation of a novel [4.4.0] bicyclic heterocycle.
Luminescent Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complex Forms Emissive Intercalating Adducts with Double‐Stranded DNA and RNA: Differential Emissions and Anticancer Activities
Authors: Zou Taotao , Liu Jia , Lum Ching Tung , Ma Chensheng , Chan Ruth Chau‐Ting , Lok Chun‐Nam , Kwok Wai‐Ming , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLuminescent metallo‐intercalators are potent biosensors of nucleic acid structure and anticancer agents targeting DNAs. There are few examples of luminescent metallo‐intercalators which can simultaneously act as emission probes of nucleic acid structure and display promising anticancer activities. Herein, we describe a luminescent platinum(II) complex, [Pt(C^N^N)(C≡NtBu)]ClO4 (1 a, HC^N^N= 6‐phenyl‐2,2′‐bipyridyl), that intercalates between the nucleobases of nucleic acids, accompanied by an increase in emission intensity and/or a significant change in the maximum emission wavelength. The changes in emission properties measured with double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) are different from those with dsDNA used in the binding reactions. Complex 1 a exhibited potent anticancer activity towards cancer cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in a mouse model. The stabilization of the topoisomerase I–DNA complex with resulting DNA damage by 1 a is suggested to contribute to its anticancer activity.
gem‐Difluorocarbadisaccharides: Restoring the exo‐Anomeric Effect
Authors: Xu Bixue , Unione Luca , Sardinha Joao , Wu Shaoping , Ethève‐Quelquejeu Mélanie , Pilar Rauter Amelia , Blériot Yves , Zhang Yongmin , Martín‐Santamaría Sonsoles , Díaz Dolores , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesus , Sollogoub Matthieu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMolecular mimicry is an essential part of the development of drugs and molecular probes. In the chemical glycobiology field, although many glycomimetics have been developed in the past years, it has been considered that many failures in their use are related to the lack of the anomeric effects in these analogues. Additionally, the origin of the anomeric effects is still the subject of virulent scientific debates. Herein, by combining chemical synthesis, NMR methods, and theoretical calculations, we show that it is possible to restore the anomeric effect for an acetal when replacing one of the oxygen atoms by a CF2 group. This result provides key findings in chemical sciences. On the one hand, it strongly suggests the key relevance of the stereoelectronic component of the anomeric effect. On the other hand, the CF2 analogue adopts the natural glycoside conformation, which might provide new avenues for sugar‐based drug design.
Iodonium Metathesis Reactions
Authors: Kasahara Takahito , Jang Young Jin , Racicot Léanne , Panagopoulos Dimitrios , Liang Steven H. , Ciufolini Marco A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA metathesis reaction occurs when a diaryliodonium triflate is heated with an aryl iodide, resulting in the formation of a new diaryliodonium triflate.
Reversible Supramolecular Assembly at Specific DNA Sites: Nickel‐Promoted Bivalent DNA Binding with Designed Peptide and Bipyridyl–Bis(benzamidine) Components
Authors: Sánchez Mateo I. , Mosquera Jesús , Vázquez M. Eugenio , Mascareñas José L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAt specific DNA sites, nickel(II) salts promote the assembly of designed components, namely a bis(histidine)‐modified peptide that is derived from a bZIP transcription factor and a bis(benzamidine) unit that is equipped with a bipyridine. This programmed supramolecular system with emergent properties reproduces some key characteristics of naturally occurring DNA‐binding proteins, such as bivalence, selectivity, responsiveness to external agents, and reversibility.
Self‐assembly of poly(3‐hexyl thiophene)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) into cylindrical micelles in binary solvent mixtures
Authors: Li Jingyi , Li Xian , Ni Debin , Wang Jianying , Tu Guoli , Zhu Jintao 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTAsymmetric block copolymer based on regioregular poly(3‐hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was synthesized through Heck reactions. The addition of PEO block has no influence in the effective conjugation length of P3HT block and apparently provides colloidal stability for the formation of stable nanostructures. Introduction of poor solvent to good solvent containing P3HT‐b‐PEO will induce the crystallization‐driven assembly of the P3HT into cylindrical micelles with a P3HT core, owing to π–π stacking of the conjugated backbone of P3HT. The absorption spectra of the cylindrical micelles reveal a red shift as compared to the polymer in good solvent, indicating the extension of conjugation length with an improved π–π stacking of the polymer chains within the cylindrical micelles. Our results indicated that cylindrical micelles with varied diameter and length can be obtained when solvent properties were varied using several different binary solvent mixtures. More interestingly, we demonstrate that ultrasonic processing can fragment the cylindrical micelles only when the ratio of poor solvent increases. This provides a facile and effective way to fabricate cylindrical micelles for applications in the area of polymer solar cell as well as organic optoelectronics device. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41186.
Iron(III) Catecholates for Cellular Imaging and Photocytotoxicity in Red Light
Authors: Basu Uttara , Pant Ila , Khan Imran , Hussain Akhtar , Kondaiah Paturu , Chakravarty Akhil R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIron(III) complexes [Fe(L)(L′)(NO3)]—in which L is phenyl‐N,N‐bis[(pyridin‐2‐yl)methyl]methanamine (1), (anthracen‐9‐yl)‐N,N‐bis[(pyridin‐2‐yl)methyl]methanamine (2), (pyreny‐1‐yl)‐N,N‐bis[(pyridin‐2‐yl)methyl]methanamine (3–5), and L′ is catecholate (1–3), 4‐tert‐butyl catecholate (4), and 4‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐benzene‐1,2‐diolate (5)—were synthesized and their photocytotoxic properties examined. The five electron‐paramagnetic complexes displayed a FeIII/FeII redox couple near −0.4 V versus a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) in DMF/0.1 m tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP). They showed unprecedented photocytotoxicity in red light (600–720 nm) to give IC50≈15 μM in various cell lines by means of apoptosis to generate reactive oxygen species. They were ingested in the nucleus of HeLa and HaCaT cells in 4 h, thereby interacting favorably with calf thymus (ct)‐DNA and photocleaving pUC19 DNA in red light of 785 nm to form hydroxyl radicals.
Experimental test and life estimation of the OLED at normal working stress based on the luminance degradation model
Authors: Zhang J. P. , Wang C. , Chen X. , Cheng G. L. , Qiu Y. J. , Shen M.‐H. H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn order to accurately acquire the life time information for the organic light emitting diode (OLED), an experiment based on the normal stress life test was carried out to gain the data for the luminance degradation tests. The luminance degradation model of OLED was established based on the Weibull function and the least square method. Combined with luminance degradation data, Weibull parameters were estimated, the qualitative and the quantitative relationship between the initial luminance and the OLED life was obtained, and the life estimation of the product was achieved. Numerical results show that the test scheme is feasible, the luminance degradation model proves to be reliable for the OLED life estimation, and the fitting accuracy is very high by comparison with the test data fluctuation. Moreover, the real life time of the OLED is measured, which can verify the validity of the assumptions used in accelerated life test methods and provide manufacturers and customers with significant guidelines. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioactive 9,11‐Secosteroids from Gorgonian Subergorgia suberosa Collected from the South China Sea
Authors: Liu Min , Shao Chang‐Lun , Chen Min , Qi Jun , Wang Yu , Fang Yu‐Chun , Wang Chang‐Yun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFive new 9,11‐secosteroids 1, 2, and 4–6, and seven known analogs, 3 and 7–12, with the same steroid skeleton, (5αH)‐3β,6α,11‐trihydroxy‐9,11‐secocholest‐7‐en‐9‐one, were isolated from the South China Sea gorgonian Subergorgia suberosa. Among them, 2/3 and 4/5 are C(24)‐epimeric mixtures, and 6/7 is an (E)/(Z) mixture of (C(24)C(28)). Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated by using comprehensive spectroscopic methods including NOESY spectra. The absolute configuration of the steroidal nucleus was established by the modified Mosher method applied to 10 and on the basis of a common biogenesis for all of these compounds. All isolated compounds, 1–12, and five synthetic acetylated derivatives, 12a–12e, were evaluated for their cytotoxicities in vitro. Compounds 4/5, 11, 12, and 12b–12d showed cytotoxic activities against K562 cell line with the IC50 values ranging from 1.09 to 8.12 μM.
Evolutionary implications of localization of the signaling scaffold protein Parafusin to both cilia and the nucleus
Authors: Satir Birgit Hegner , Wyroba Elzbieta , Liu Li , Lethan Mette , Satir Peter , Christensen Søren Tvorup 
Published: July 2014

AbstractParafusin (PFUS), a 63 kDa protein first discovered in the eukaryote Paramecium and known for its role in apicomplexan exocytosis, provides a model for the common origin of cellular systems employing scaffold proteins for targeting and signaling. PFUS is closely related to eubacterial rather than archeal phosphoglucomutases (PGM) – as we proved by comparison of their 88 sequences – but has no PGM activity. Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis with a PFUS‐specific peptide antibody showed presence of this protein around the base region of primary cilia in a variety of mammalian cell types, including mouse embryonic (MEFs) and human foreskin fibroblasts (hFFs), human carcinoma stem cells (NT‐2 cells), and human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Further, PFUS localized to the nucleus of fibroblasts, and prominently to nucleoli of MEFs. Localization studies were confirmed by Western blot analysis, showing that the PFUS antibody specifically recognizes a single protein of ca. 63 kDa in both cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions. Finally, immunofluorescence microscopy analysis showed that PFUS localized to nuclei and cilia in Paramecium. These results support the suggestion that PFUS plays a role in signaling between nucleus and cilia, and that the cilium and the nucleus both evolved around the time of eukaryotic emergence. We hypothesize that near the beginnings of eukaryotic cell evolution, scaffold proteins such as PFUS arose as peripheral membrane protein identifiers for cytoplasmic membrane trafficking and were employed similarly during the subsequent evolution of exocytic, nuclear transport, and ciliogenic mechanisms.
Tribbles homolog 3 expression in spermatogonial stem cells of rat testes
Authors: Zhang Yan , Luo Fenhua , Wu Sachula , Yu Boyang , Liu Taodi , Wu Yingji 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTribbles are a family of signal‐regulating proteins shown to coordinate the action and the suppression of different pathways. Tribbles homolog 3 (Trib3), the best‐studied member of the mammalian tribble family, has a key function in determining cell fate when responding to environmental challenges. Trib3 effects are also modulated by its direct interaction with other signaling molecules. We found that Trib3 is highly expressed in the early development of rat testis, at just the time when the gonocytes resume proliferation to give rise to A spermatogonia. Immunofluorescence staining of cross‐sections of rat testis and cultured spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) also confirmed that Trib3 is expressed in rat SSCs.
Electrokinetic Remediation Technique: An Integrated Approach to Finding New Strategies for Restoration of Saline Soil and to Control Seawater Intrusion
Authors: Hamdan Shadi H. , Molelekwa Gomotsegang Fred , Van der Bruggen Bart 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMany applications of electrokinetic remediation have focused on the removal of heavy metals. However, the application of electrokinetic technology in salt removal from contaminated soils and groundwater has not been extensively explored. Given the current global challenge and the impact of soil and groundwater salinity, it is tempting to suggest that the research community should apply this technology to generate in‐depth knowledge for determining the feasibility and efficiency of electrokinetic remediation in salt removal, particularly in addressing seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers, which is creating growing challenges in the freshwater supply, mainly in coastal and arid regions, in view of growing populations, economic and industrial growth, and climate change. This Review shows that there is a need to begin formulating a knowledge base about categories of materials, efficiencies, and limitations. Furthermore, the viability of this technology in the real field suggests a need to gain more insight into electrokinetic applications in this area. The versatility of electrokinetic remediation in different settings is demonstrated in this Review, as is its capability to address diverse remediation challenges. The available literature is critically assessed; novel and improved electrokinetic remediation and the important trends in this field are outlined. The Review aims to summarize the evolution and current status of electrokinetic remediation research with a view of starting a debate around the possibility of applying it as a pretreatment mechanism to control seawater intrusion.
Dense Array of Nanoparticles as a Large‐Area Nanoelectrode for Sensors: An Oxymoron Mesomaterial?
Authors: Lee Seung‐Woo , Lee Eun‐Hee , Saraf Ravi F. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCompared to redox reactions at large electrodes, those at nanoscale electrodes are controlled by kinetics rather than diffusion, thus resulting in responses that are orders of magnitude faster at higher sensitivity. To avoid interference by diffusion‐flux domains of adjacent particles, for monolayers of nanoparticles as individual electrodes, the area coverage should be below approximately 10 %, which is well below the percolation threshold of 45 %. Conducting monolayer arrays consisting of a network of one‐dimensional necklaces of 10 nm Au particles with 54 to 26 % area coverage are shown to behave like ultramicroelectrodes and nanoelectrode ensembles (NEEs). The reconciliation of the two opposing requirements of high and low coverage for percolation and NEE behavior, respectively, is attributed to the necklace‐network topology.
Efficient Synthesis of Eight‐Membered Nitrogen Heterocycles from O‐Propargylic Oximes by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions
Authors: Nakamura Itaru , Sato Yoshinori , Takeda Keisuke , Terada Masahiro 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAzocine derivatives were successfully synthesized from O‐propargylic oximes by means of a Rh‐catalyzed 2,3‐rearrangement/heterocyclization cascade reaction. Moreover, the chirality of the substrate was maintained throughout the cascade process to afford the corresponding optically active azocines.
Trends and variations in the use of adjuvant therapy for patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Chen Michelle M. , Roman Sanziana A. , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Burtness Barbara A. , Sosa Julie A. , Judson Benjamin L. 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDThe National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend that patients with surgically resected head and neck cancers that have adverse pathologic features should receive adjuvant therapy in the form of radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiation (CRT). To the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first analysis of temporal trends and use patterns of adjuvant therapy for these patients.METHODSPatients with head and neck cancer and adverse pathologic features were identified in the National Cancer Data Base (1998‐2011). Data were analyzed using chi‐square, Student t, and log‐rank tests; multivariate logistic regression; and Cox multivariate regression.RESULTSA total of 73,088 patients were identified: 41.5% had received adjuvant RT, 33.5% had received adjuvant CRT, and 25.0% did not receive any adjuvant therapy. From 1998 to 2011, the increase in the use of adjuvant CRT was greatest for patients with oral cavity (6‐fold) and laryngeal (5‐fold) cancers. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that Medicare/Medicaid insurance (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.01‐1.11), distance ≥34 miles from the cancer center (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.59‐1.74), and academic (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.20‐1.31) and high‐volume (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05‐1.15) centers were independently associated with patients not receiving adjuvant therapy. Receipt of adjuvant therapy was found to be independently associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.81‐0.86).CONCLUSIONSApproximately 25% of patients are not receiving National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline‐directed adjuvant therapy. Patient‐level and hospital‐level factors are associated with variations in the receipt of adjuvant therapy. Further evaluation of these differences in practice patterns is needed to standardize practice and potentially improve the quality of care. Cancer 2014;120:3353–3360. © 2014 American Cancer Society.