bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carvone (R)‐(‐) and (S)‐(+) enantiomers inhibits upper gastrointestinal motility in mice
Authors: Silva Camila M. S. , Wanderley Carlos W. S. , Lima‐Junior Francisco J. B. , de Sousa Damião P. , Lima Julianeli T. , Magalhães Pedro J. C. , Santos Armênio A. , Palheta‐Junior Raimundo C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCarvone is a monoterpene ketone that occurs naturally as (R)‐(‐) and (S)‐(+) enantiomers in some essential oils that are used in the food and flavour industry and in folk medicine for the treatment of digestive disorders. However, the actions of carvone enantiomers on the gastrointestinal motility in vivo models are not well known. The effects of (R)‐(‐)‐ and (S)‐(+)‐carvone on gut motility were evaluated in mice by measuring gastric dye emptying and the rate of intestinal transit. It was also evaluated by measuring intragastric pressure monitored in vivo, and the contractile behaviour of gut strips from mice was studied in vitro. (R)‐(‐)‐carvone and (S)‐(+)‐carvone caused gastric retention, reflected by decreased gastric dye emptying. These effects were accompanied by a reduction of the propulsive behaviour of the small intestine. The retarding effects of carvone on gastric emptying were also related to a decrease in the magnitude of intragastric pressure waves. The carvone‐induced effects in vivo resembled those of the positive control, loperamide. In vitro, carvone relaxed sustained contractions induced by carbachol in strips of longitudinal gastric fundus and duodenum. In fundic strips under Ca2+‐free conditions, (S)‐(+)‐carvone inhibited both the phasic and tonic phases of carbachol‐induced contractions and contractions caused by electrical field stimulation. Carvone inhibited duodenal tissues more than gastric tissues, especially when plasmalemmal Ca2+ influx was pharmacologically stimulated. Both enantiomers (R)‐(‐)‐carvone and (S)‐(+)‐carvone exerted myorelaxant and antispasmodic effects on gut smooth muscle in vitro and inhibited gastrointestinal motility in awake mice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclic 4‐Colorings of Graphs on Surfaces
Authors: Nakamoto Atsuhiro , Noguchi Kenta , Ozeki Kenta 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTo attack the Four Color Problem, in 1880, Tait gave a necessary and sufficient condition for plane triangulations to have a proper 4‐vertex‐coloring: a plane triangulation G has a proper 4‐vertex‐coloring if and only if the dual of G has a proper 3‐edge‐coloring. A cyclic coloring of a map G on a surface F2 is a vertex‐coloring of G such that any two vertices x and y receive different colors if x and y are incident with a common face of G. In this article, we extend the result by Tait to two directions, that is, considering maps on a nonspherical surface and cyclic 4‐colorings.
In vivo free‐breathing DTI and IVIM of the whole human heart using a real‐time slice‐followed SE‐EPI navigator‐based sequence: A reproducibility study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Moulin Kevin , Croisille Pierre , Feiweier Thorsten , Delattre Benedicte M.A. , Wei Hongjiang , Robert Benjamin , Beuf Olivier , Viallon Magalie 
Published: August 2015

PurposeIn this study, we proposed an efficient free‐breathing strategy for rapid and improved cardiac diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) acquisition using a single‐shot spin‐echo echo planar imaging (SE‐EPI) sequence. Methods: A real‐time slice‐following technique during free‐breathing was combined with a sliding acquisition‐window strategy prior Principal Component Analysis temporal Maximum Intensity Projection (PCAtMIP) postprocessing of in‐plane co‐registered diffusion‐weighted images. This methodology was applied to 10 volunteers to quantify the performance of the motion correction technique and the reproducibility of diffusion parameters. Results: The slice‐following technique offers a powerful head–foot respiratory motion management solution for SE‐EPI cDWI with the advantage of a 100% duty cycle scanning efficiency. The level of co‐registration was further improved using nonrigid motion corrections and was evaluated with a co‐registration index. Vascular fraction f and the diffusion coefficients D and D* were determined to be 0.122 ± 0.013, 1.41 ± 0.09 × 10−3 mm2/s and 43.6 ± 9.2 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively. From the multidirectional dataset, the measured mean diffusivity was 1.72 ± 0.09 × 10−3 mm2/s and the fractional anisotropy was 0.36 ± 0.02. Conclusion: The slice‐following DWI SE‐EPI sequence is a promising solution for clinical implementation, offering a robust improved workflow for further evaluation of DWI in cardiology. Magn Reson Med 76:70–82, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
3D interslab echo‐shifted FLASH sequence for susceptibility weighted imaging
Authors: Ma Ya‐Jun , Liu Wentao , Zhao Xuna , Tang Weinan , Li Huanjie , Fan Yang , Tang Xin , Zhang Yaoyu , Gao Jia‐Hong 
Published: August 2015

PurposeTo develop a novel three‐dimensional (3D) sequence for susceptibility weighted imaging that is able to reduce scan time substantially while maintaining high image signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR).MethodsThe proposed fast T2*‐weighted sequence was based on a 3D full‐balanced gradient frame and a pair of crusher gradients. The pair of crusher gradients were used to shift MR signal from the repetition time where the MR signal was originated to a later repetition time to enhance T2* weighting. To avoid image SNR reduction due to the repeated signal excitations by later RF pulses, as it would occur for typical echo‐shifted (ES) FLASH, an interslab scan mode for the fast T2*‐weighted sequence was introduced for signal acquisition. The effectiveness of this novel sequence was evaluated by comparing it with 3D FLASH and ES‐FLASH sequences.ResultsThe proposed interslab ES T2*‐weighted sequence was able to reduce the scan time by half with a SNR comparable to the typical multislab FLASH. Besides, it yielded a higher image SNR than the traditional multislab ES‐FLASH and was more flexible than the whole‐volume ES‐FLASH.ConclusionAn interslab ES sequence was developed with high time efficiency and relatively high image SNR compared with the conventional acquisition sequences. Magn Reson Med 76:222–228, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly accelerated chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) measurements with linear algebraic modeling
Authors: Zhang Yi , Heo Hye‐Young , Jiang Shanshan , Lee Dong‐Hoon , Bottomley Paul A. , Zhou Jinyuan 
Published: August 2015

PurposeIn clinical studies, compartmental average chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) measurements rather than voxel‐by‐voxel CEST images may suffice for evaluating its diagnostic value. A recently developed method—spectroscopy with linear algebraic modeling, or SLAM—could directly provide compartmental measures with dramatically reduced scan time and optimal signal‐to‐noise ratios. Here, we test whether SLAM can be adapted to significantly accelerate CEST acquisitions.Theory and MethodsConventional anatomical images and raw CEST image k‐space data were acquired from seven brain tumor patients. SLAM was applied to the CEST data using acceleration factors of R = 1–45, after segmenting compartments from co‐registered images. SLAM‐CEST measures were compared with average values from the identical compartments obtained by conventional Fourier transform (FT) CEST.ResultsSLAM generated compartmental average CEST z‐spectra that were indistinguishable from conventional FT‐CEST for R ≤ 45. SLAM‐CEST z‐spectra at ±3.5 ppm were highly correlated with FT‐CEST measures (r2 ≥ 0.98 for R ≤ 9; r ≥ 0.995 for R ≤ 45). The average error of SLAM‐CEST versus FT‐CEST measures was ≤10% for R ≤ 45, in acquisitions requiring as few as a single k‐space phase‐encoding step.ConclusionApplied to patients with brain tumors, SLAM‐CEST can yield results that are quantitatively equivalent to conventional CEST up to 45 times faster, which could prove enabling in clinical settings where scan time is limiting. Magn Reson Med 76:136–144, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Research on Positive Indicators for Teacher–Child Relationship in Children with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Matsushima Kanae , Kato Toshihiro 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTeacher–child relationships (TCRs) are important factors in socio‐emotional development and academic and behavioural outcomes. In Japan, occupational therapists (OTs) work with teachers and children with intellectual disabilities (ID) in school environment considering TCRs. This study aimed to identify positive indicators in TCRs among children with ID. We conducted interviews with 23 Japanese preschool teachers working with children with ID in child development support centres (CDSCs) and used the Delphi method to evaluate and select positive indicators. We obtained 49 positive indicators belonging to 15 conceptual indicators related to TCRs. The indicators that reached a high degree of agreement and consensus seems to be related to more fundamental social interaction aspects. These indicators could be used to enhance collaboration between OTs and teachers in the school environment, including CDSCs. We could not examine differences of positive social aspects depending on diagnostic features. It will be important for future work to examine differences in positive social aspects among children with other diagnostic features. Our findings could contribute to the development of an assessment tool to evaluate positive aspects of teacher–child interactions and their progress. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Summer Arctic clouds in the ECMWF forecast model: an evaluation of cloud parametrization schemes
Authors: Sotiropoulou Georgia , Sedlar Joseph , Forbes Richard , Tjernström Michael 
Published: August 2015

Mixed‐phase clouds are an integral part of the Arctic climate system, for precipitation and for their interactions with radiation and thermodynamics. Mixed‐phase processes are often poorly represented in global models and many use an empirically based diagnostic partition between the liquid and ice phases that is dependent solely on temperature. However, increasingly more complex microphysical parametrizations are being implemented allowing a more physical representation of mixed‐phase clouds.This study uses in situ observations from the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS) field campaign in the central Arctic to assess the impact of a change from a diagnostic to a prognostic parametrization of mixed‐phase clouds and increased vertical resolution in the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecast System (IFS). The newer cloud scheme improves the representation of the vertical structure of mixed‐phase clouds, with supercooled liquid water at cloud top and ice precipitating below, improved further with higher vertical resolution. Increased supercooled liquid water and decreased ice content are both in closer agreement with observations. However, these changes do not result in any substantial improvement in surface radiation, and a warm and moist bias in the lowest part of the atmosphere remains. Both schemes also fail to capture the transitions from overcast to cloud‐free conditions. Moreover, whereas the observed cloud layer is frequently decoupled from the surface, the modelled clouds remain coupled to the surface most of the time. The changes implemented to the cloud scheme are an important step forward in improving the representation of Arctic clouds, but improvements in other aspects such as boundary‐layer turbulence, cloud radiative properties, sensitivity to low aerosol concentrations and representation of the sea‐ice surface may also need to be addressed.
Identifying Oncological Patient Information Needs to Improve e‐Health Communication: a preliminary text‐mining analysis
Authors: Falotico Rosa , Liberati Caterina , Zappa Paola 
Published: August 2015

Extant healthcare literature has demonstrated that providing oncological patients with detailed, continuous, and diversified information on their pathology positively affects patient empowerment and care continuum effectiveness.Medical information is traditionally conveyed by physicians and professional care givers. In the latest years, however, there has been a rapid rise in the use of web media as a source of health information. Improving cancer care continuum requires also the implementation of a reliable and high‐quality oncological web communication system, as well as a deeper understanding of patients' requirements in this respect. To the best of our knowledge, however, no papers have investigated the importance and role of web communication, and of websites, in particular.This work aims to address these aspects explicitly, proposing the use of text mining as a tool for identifying oncological patient communication needs. For this purpose, we conducted an exploratory study on a sample of rare cancer patients. Text mining techniques were applied on transcriptions of semi‐structured interviews on patients' information requirements, and the text content was synthetized. By means of correspondence analysis, the main concepts expressed by patients were identified, and the association between patients and concepts was represented in an appropriate metric space.Although our study is at an early stage, the findings highlighted by this preliminary text mining analysis could support the design of a patient‐centered e‐health communication system and be the basis for further analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An ultrastructural study on corkscrew hairs and cigarette‐ash‐shaped hairs observed by dermoscopy of tinea capitis
Authors: Lu Mao , Ran Yuping , Dai Yaling , Lei Song , Zhang Chaoliang , Zhuang Kaiwen , Hu Wenying 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThis study was aimed to explain the formation mechanisms of corkscrew hairs and cigarette‐ash‐shaped hairs observed by dermoscopy of tinea capitis. In the present work, the ultrastructure of the involved hairs collected from a girl with tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton violaceum was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). SEM observation of the corkscrew hair revealed bent hair shaft and asymmetrically disrupted cuticle layer. TEM findings demonstrated the hair shaft became weak. The corkscrew hairs closely covered by scales on the scalp were observed under dermoscopy. We speculate that the formation of corkscrew hairs is a result of a combination of internal damage due to hair degradation by T. violaceum and external resistance due to scales covering the hair. SEM observation of the cigarette‐ash‐shaped hair revealed irregularly disrupted and incompact end, which might represent the stump of the broken corkscrew hair after treatment. SCANNING 38:128–132, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DOT1L Activity Promotes Proliferation and Protects Cortical Neural Stem Cells from Activation of ATF4-DDIT3-Mediated ER Stress In Vitro
Authors: Roidl Deborah , Hellbach Nicole , Bovio Patrick P. , Villarreal Alejandro , Heidrich Stefanie , Nestel Sigrun , Grüning Björn A. , Boenisch Ulrike , Vogel Tanja 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that the lysine methyltransferase DOT1L/KMT4 has important roles in proliferation, survival, and differentiation of stem cells in development and in disease. We investigated the function of DOT1L in neural stem cells (NSCs) of the cerebral cortex. The pharmacological inhibition and shRNA-mediated knockdown of DOT1L impaired proliferation and survival of NSCs. DOT1L inhibition specifically induced genes that are activated during the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Chromatin-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that two genes encoding for central molecules involved in the ER stress response, Atf4 and Ddit3 (Chop), are marked with H3K79 methylation. Interference with DOT1L activity resulted in transcriptional activation of both genes accompanied by decreased levels of H3K79 dimethylation. Although downstream effectors of the UPR, such as Ppp1r15a/Gadd34, Atf3, and Tnfrsf10b/Dr5 were also transcriptionally activated, this most likely occurred in response to increased ATF4 expression rather than as a direct consequence of altered H3K79 methylation. While stem cells are particularly vulnerable to stress, the UPR and ER stress have not been extensively studied in these cells yet. Since activation of the ER stress program is also implicated in directing stem cells into differentiation or to maintain a proliferative status, the UPR must be tightly regulated. Our and published data suggest that histone modifications, including H3K4me3, H3K14ac, and H3K79me2, are implicated in the control of transcriptional activation of ER stress genes. In this context, the loss of H3K79me2 at the Atf4- and Ddit3-promoters appears to mark a point-of-no-return that activates the death program in NSCs.
Targeting the Wnt-Regulatory Protein CTNNBIP1 by microRNA-214 Enhances the Stemness and Self-Renewal of Cancer Stem-Like Cells in Lung Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Qi Wei , Chen Junying , Cheng Xiaoming , Huang Jiani , Xiang Tong , Li Qijing , Long Haixia , Zhu Bo 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A novel hypothesis in cancer biology proposes that cancer growth is driven by cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs), also called tumor-initiating cells, which can self-renew and differentiate into multilineage progeny in a fashion similar to stem cells. However, the impact and underlying mechanisms of this process in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that microRNA-214 (miR-214) contributes to cell self-renewal by directly targeting catenin beta interacting protein 1 (CTNNBIP1), a member of the Wnt signaling pathway. We demonstrate that miR-214 overexpression enhances stem-like properties in LAC cells and that miR-214 shows increased expression in CSLCs derived from primary tumor tissue and from two LAC cell lines (A549 and NCI-H1650). Strikingly, downregulation of miR-214 expression in CSLCs resulted in a significant decrease in spheroid formation and the expression of the stem-cell markers Nanog, Oct-4, and Sox-2. Finally, CTNNBIP1 was identified as a target of miR-214. miR-214 expression in LAC was negatively correlated with CTNNBIP1 expression and positively correlated with differentiated cellular states. Moreover, CTNNBIP1 expression correlated with longer overall survival in LAC patients. This study reveals that miR-214 plays a critical role in CSLC self-renewal and stemness by targeting CTNNBIP1. The identification of this functional miR-214-CTNNBIP1 interaction that regulates self-renewal in CSLCs has the potential to direct the development of novel therapeutic strategies for LAC. Stem Cells 2015;33:3423–3436
TIMP3 Attenuates the Loss of Neural Stem Cells, Mature Neurons and Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Gibb Stuart L. , Zhao Yuhai , Potter Daniel , Hylin Michael J. , Bruhn Roberta , Baimukanova Gyulnar , Zhao Jing , Xue Hasen , Abdel-Mohsen Mohamed , Pillai Satish K. , Moore Anthony N. , Johnson Evan M. , Cox Charles S. , Dash Pramod K. , Pati Shibani 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to have potent therapeutic effects in a number of disorders including traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying these protective effects are largely unknown. Herein we demonstrate that tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3), a soluble protein released by MSCs, is neuroprotective and enhances neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth in vitro. In vivo in a murine model of TBI, intravenous recombinant TIMP3 enhances dendritic outgrowth and abrogates loss of hippocampal neural stem cells and mature neurons. Mechanistically we demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that TIMP3-mediated neuroprotection is critically dependent on activation of the Akt-mTORC1 pathway. In support of the neuroprotective effect of TIMP3, we find that intravenous delivery of recombinant TIMP3 attenuates deficits in hippocampal-dependent neurocognition. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that TIMP3 has direct neuroprotective effects that can mitigate the deleterious effects associated with TBI, an area with few if any therapeutic options. Stem Cells 2015;33:3530–3544
MiR-126 Contributes to Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cell-Induced Neurorestorative Effects After Stroke in Type-2 Diabetic Mice
Authors: Chen Jieli , Ning Ruizhuo , Zacharek Alex , Cui Chengcheng , Cui Xu , Yan Tao , Venkat Poornima , Zhang Yi , Chopp Michael 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a high risk factor for stroke and leads to more severe vascular and white-matter injury than stroke in non-DM. We tested the neurorestorative effects of delayed human umbilical cord blood cell (HUCBC) treatment of stroke in type-2 diabetes (T2DM). db/db-T2DM and db/+-non-DM mice were subjected to distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAo) and were treated 3 days after dMCAo with: (a) non-DM + Phosphate buffered saline (PBS); (b) T2DM + PBS; (c) T2DM + naïve-HUCBC; (d) T2DM + miR-126−/−HUCBC. Functional evaluation, vascular and white-matter changes, neuroinflammation, and miR-126 effects were measured in vivo and in vitro. T2DM mice exhibited significantly decreased serum and brain tissue miR-126 expression compared with non-DM mice. T2DM+HUCBC mice exhibited increased miR-126 expression, increased tight junction protein expression, axon/myelin, vascular density, and M2-macrophage polarization. However, decreased blood-brain barrier leakage, brain hemorrhage, and miR-126 targeted gene vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 expression in the ischemic brain as well as improved functional outcome were present in HUCBC-treated T2DM mice compared with control T2DM mice. MiR-126−/−HUCBC-treatment abolished the benefits of naïve-HUCBC-treatment in T2DM stroke mice. In vitro, knock-in of miR-126 in primary cultured brain endothelial cells (BECs) or treatment of BECs with naïve-HUCBCs significantly increased capillary-like tube formation, and increased axonal outgrowth in primary cultured cortical neurons; whereas treatment of BECs or cortical neurons with miR-126−/−HUCBC attenuated HUCBC-treatment-induced capillary tube formation and axonal outgrowth. Our data suggest delayed HUCBC-treatment of stroke increases vascular/white-matter remodeling and anti-inflammatory effects; MiR-126 may contribute to HUCBC-induced neurorestorative effects in T2DM mice.