bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric Content-Based Publish/Subscribe
Authors: Jayaram K. R. , Eugster Patrick , Jayalath Chamikara 
Published: June 2013

Content-based publish/subscribe (CPS) is an appealing abstraction for building scalable distributed systems, e.g., message boards, intrusion detectors, or algorithmic stock trading platforms. Recently, CPS extensions have been proposed for location-based services like vehicular networks, mobile social networking, and so on.
Although current CPS middleware systems are dynamic in the way they support the joining and leaving of publishers and subscribers, they fall short in supporting subscription adaptations. These are becoming increasingly important across many CPS applications. In algorithmic high frequency trading, for instance, stock price thresholds that are of interest to a trader change rapidly, and gains directly hinge on the reaction time to relevant fluctuations rather than fixed values. In location-aware applications, a subscription is a function of the subscriber location (e.g. GPS coordinates), which inherently changes during motion.
The common solution for adapting a subscription consists of a resubscription, where a new subscription is issued and the superseded one canceled. This incurs substantial overhead in CPS middleware systems, and leads to missed or duplicated events during the transition. In this article, we explore the concept of parametric subscriptions for capturing subscription adaptations. We discuss desirable and feasible guarantees for corresponding support, and propose novel algorithms for updating routing mechanisms effectively and efficiently in classic decentralized CPS broker overlay networks. Compared to resubscriptions, our algorithms significantly improve the reaction time to subscription updates without hampering throughput or latency under high update rates. We also propose and evaluate approximation techniques to detect and mitigate pathological cases of high frequency subscription oscillations, which could significantly decrease the throughput of CPS systems thereby affecting other subscribers.
We analyze the benefits of our support through implementations of our algorithms in two CPS systems, and by evaluating our algorithms on two different application scenarios.
Parallelizing Sequential Programs with Statistical Accuracy Tests
Authors: Misailovic Sasa , Kim Deokhwan , Rinard Martin 
Published: June 2013

We present QuickStep, a novel system for parallelizing sequential programs. Unlike standard parallelizing compilers (which are designed to preserve the semantics of the original sequential computation), QuickStep is instead designed to generate (potentially nondeterministic) parallel programs that produce acceptably accurate results acceptably often. The freedom to generate parallel programs whose output may differ (within statistical accuracy bounds) from the output of the sequential program enables a dramatic simplification of the compiler, a dramatic increase in the range of applications that it can parallelize, and a significant expansion in the range of parallel programs that it can legally generate.
Results from our benchmark set of applications show that QuickStep can automatically generate acceptably accurate and efficient parallel programs---the automatically generated parallel versions of five of our six benchmark applications run between 5.0 and 7.8 times faster on eight cores than the original sequential versions. These applications and parallelizations contain features (such as the use of modern object-oriented programming constructs or desirable parallelizations with infrequent but acceptable data races) that place them inherently beyond the reach of standard approaches.
Distributing trusted third parties
Authors: Küpçü Alptekin 
Published: June 2013

Trusted Third Parties (TTPs) are widely employed in various scenarios for providing fairness guarantees (e.g., in fair exchange or e-commerce protocols, including secure two-party computation), for distributing secrets (e.g., in authentication or secret-sharing protocols, as well as group signatures), and for creating trust (e.g., as certificate authorities). Such wide use of TTPs, as well as the trust requirement that is put on them make them a prime target for distributed systems and cryptography research.
There are some well-known and proven solutions to the problem of distributing the trust put on TTPs: byzantine agreement or secure multi-party computation techniques can be employed to distribute the job of any TTP to multiple parties, tolerating up to half or one-third of those parties being malicious. Such techniques are not widely-employed in practice possibly due to their quadratic complexity or inter-operation requirements. This brings up the question of distributing TTPs in a much more efficient way, possibly via using autonomous agents, who do not directly communicate with each other.
In this paper, we present various known techniques for distributing the trust put on TTPs. Then, we concentrate on using multiple autonomous parties, who do not communicate with each other at all, to realize a single TTP. We discuss the role of synchrony in such attempts, and conclude with some open questions.
Infective Endocarditis After Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement Using the Melody Valve
Authors: McElhinney Doff B. , Benson Lee N. , Eicken Andreas , Kreutzer Jacqueline , Padera Robert F. , Zahn Evan M. 
Published: June 2013

Background—
Transcatheter (percutaneous) pulmonary valve (TPV) replacement has emerged as a viable therapy for right ventricular outflow tract conduit dysfunction. Little is known about the incidence, clinical course, and outcome of infective endocarditis (IE) after TPV implant. We reviewed combined data from 3 ongoing prospective multicenter trials to evaluate the experience with IE among patients undergoing TPV replacement using the Melody valve.

Methods and Results—
Any clinical episode reported by investigators as IE with documented positive blood cultures and fever, regardless of TPV involvement, was considered IE. Cases were classified as TPV-related if there was evidence of vegetations on or new dysfunction of the TPV. The 3 trials included 311 patients followed for 687.1 patient-years (median, 2.5 years). Sixteen patients were diagnosed with IE 50 days to 4.7 years after TPV implant (median, 1.3 years), including 6 who met criteria for TPV-related IE: 3 with vegetations, 2 with TPV dysfunction, and 1 with both. The annualized rate of a first episode of IE was 2.4% per patient-year and of TPV-related IE was 0.88% per patient-year. Freedom from TPV-related IE was 97±1% 4 years after implant. All patients were treated with intravenous antibiotics, 4 had the valve explanted, and 2 received a second TPV. There was 1 sepsis-related death, 1 patient died of sudden hemoptysis, and 2 patients developed recurrent IE.

Conclusions—
Bacterial endocarditis has occurred in all 3 prospective multicenter studies of the Melody valve in North America and Europe. Most cases did not involve the TPV and responded to antibiotics. More data are necessary to understand risk factors in this population.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT00740870, NCT01186692, and NCT00688571.
Transulnar Compared With Transradial Artery Approach as a Default Strategy for Coronary Procedures
Authors: Hahalis George , Tsigkas Grigorios , Xanthopoulou Ioanna , Deftereos Spyridon , Ziakas Antonios , Raisakis Konstantinos , Pappas Christos , Sourgounis Aggelos , Grapsas Nikos , Davlouros Periklis , Galati Anastasia , Plakomyti Theodora-Eleni , Mylona Panagiota , Styliadis Ioannis , Pyrgakis Vlassis , Alexopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: June 2013

Background—
The ulnar artery is rarely selected for coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention despite the expanding use of the transradial approach. We aimed to establish noninferiority of a default transulnar relative to transradial approach in terms of feasibility and safety.

Methods and Results—

This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, parallel-group study involving 902 patients at 5 sites eligible to undergo diagnostic coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either transradial approach (reference intervention) or transulnar approach (experimental intervention) regardless of the Allen test results. The primary end point was a composite of cross-over to another arterial access, major adverse cardiovascular events, and major vascular events of the arm at 60 days. The study was prematurely terminated after the first interim analysis because of inferiority of the transulnar approach. Although the difference in the primary end point became inconclusive after adjustment for operator clustering (24.30%; 99.99% confidence interval [CI], −7.98% to 56.58%;
P
=0.03 at α=0.0001), need for cross-over in the transulnar group remained inferior to transradial access site with a difference of 26.34% (95% CI, 11.96%–40.69%;
P
=0.004).

Conclusions—
As a result of higher cross-over rates, a first-line transulnar strategy was proven inferior to the transradial approach for coronary procedures. At present, the transulnar route should not be regarded as an acceptable alternative to the transradial access site.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01364532.
Can Hospital Discharge Databases Be Used to Follow Ischemic Stroke Incidence?
Authors: Haesebaert Julie , Termoz Anne , Polazzi Stéphanie , Mouchoux Christelle , Mechtouff Laura , Derex Laurent , Nighoghossian Norbert , Schott Anne-Marie 
Published: June 2013

Background and Purpose—
Because acute ischemic strokes (ISs) are mainly hospitalized, hospital discharge data could be used to routinely follow their incidence management. We aimed to assess sensitivity and positive predictive value of the French hospital discharge database (HDD) to identify patients with acute IS using a prospective and exhaustive cohort (AVC69) of acute IS cases.

Methods—

A selection algorithm based on IS diagnosis coded with the
International Classification of Diseases
(
ICD-10
) and cerebral imaging codes was used to identify all hospital stays with the primary diagnosis of IS in the HDD of the university hospitals of the Rhône area. Cases identified through HDD search were compared with IS cases identified through an exhaustive cohort study conducted in the Rhône district and confirmed on medical records review.

Results—
There were 465 confirmed cases of IS hospitalized in 1 of the 4 university hospitals during the study period. The HDD search identified 313 among those (true-positive cases) but missed 152 cases (false-negative cases). The sensitivity of the HDD search was 67.3% (95% confidence interval, 63.1–71.5), and the positive predictive value was 95.1% (95% confidence interval, 92.8–97.4). Additionally, HDD search retrieved 16 cases, which were not eventually IS (false positives). Sensitivity was better when patients were hospitalized in neurological departments.

Conclusions—
The lack of sensitivity to identify acute IS patients through HDD search does not seem to be accurate enough to validate the use of these data for incidence estimates. Efforts have to be made to improve the coding quality.
Progression of Carotid Plaque Volume Predicts Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Wannarong Thapat , Parraga Grace , Buchanan Daniel , Fenster Aaron , House Andrew A. , Hackam Daniel G. , Spence J. David 
Published: June 2013

Background and Purpose—
Carotid ultrasound evaluation of intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque burden has been used for risk stratification and for evaluation of antiatherosclerotic therapies. Increasing evidence indicates that measuring plaque burden is superior to measuring IMT for both purposes. We compared progression/regression of IMT, total plaque area (TPA), and total plaque volume (TPV) as predictors of cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods—

IMT, TPA, and TPV were measured at baseline in 349 patients attending vascular prevention clinics; they had TPA of 40 to 600 mm
2
at baseline to qualify for enrollment. Participants were followed up for ≤5 years (median, 3.17 years) to ascertain vascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and transient ischemic attacks. Follow-up measurements 1 year later were available in 323 cases for IMT and TPA, and in 306 for TPV.

Results—
Progression of TPV predicted stroke, death or TIA (Kaplan-Meier logrank P=0.001), stroke/death/MI (P=0.008) and Stroke/Death/TIA/Myocardial infarction (any Cardiovascular event) (P=0.001). Progression of TPA weakly predicted Stroke/Death/TIA (P=0.097) but not stroke/death/MI (P=0.59) or any CV event (P=0.143); likewise change in IMT did not predict Stroke/Death/MI (P=0.13) or any CV event (P=0.455 ). In Cox regression, TPV progression remained a significant predictor of events after adjustment for coronary risk factors (P=0.001) but change in TPA did not. IMT change predicted events in an inverse manner; regression of IMT predicted events (P=0.004).

Conclusions—
For assessment of response to antiatherosclerotic therapy, measurement of TPV is superior to both IMT and TPA.
Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label Phase II Trial on Concomitant Intraventricular Fibrinolysis and Low-Frequency Rotation After Severe Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Etminan Nima , Beseoglu Kerim , Eicker Sven Oliver , Turowski Bernd , Steiger Hans-Jakob , Hänggi Daniel 
Published: June 2013

Background and Purpose—
The goal of this randomized, open-label phase II study was to investigate the effect of concomitant low-frequency head-motion therapy and intraventricular fibrinolysis in patients after surgical or endovascular treatment for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Methods—
Sixty patients experiencing subarachnoid hemorrhage were randomized into treatment with intraventricular application of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator and lateral rotational therapy (experimental) or treatment as usual (control). The primary end point was defined as functional outcome, measured by Glasgow Outcome Scale at discharge and at 3-month follow-up. Clot clearance rate, radiographic features of delayed cerebral ischemia, and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus were defined as secondary end points.

Results—
The majority of patients (78.3%) experienced severe subarachnoid hemorrhage. Although there was a higher incidence of subgaleal hematomas in the experimental group, there was no difference in the incidence of adverse or severe adverse events between the 2 groups. Despite significantly higher clot clearance rates, there was no beneficial effect on the incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia and poor functional outcome, as well as posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus after experimental treatment.

Conclusions—
Despite the ineffectiveness on reduction of delayed cerebral ischemia or poor functional outcome, intraventricular fibrinolysis and kinetic therapy seems to be a safe and effective concept for therapeutic reduction of subarachnoid clot in a patient collective experiencing predominately severe subarachnoid hemorrhage. Therefore, future studies should investigate this treatment in a larger patient collective with a lower degree of primary brain injury and until full clot clearance on serial imaging.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.controlled-trials.com
. Unique identifier: ICRCTN13230264.
Ammianus, Libanius, Chrysostomus, and the Martyrs of Antioch
Authors: Teitler H.C. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Christian sources name several dozen Christian martyrs under Julian the Apostate. Six of these martyrs were according to such sources executed in Antioch during Julian’s stay in this city in 362-363 A.D. Pagan authors like Ammianus Marcellinus and Libanius are silent about their martyrdom, and about the persecution of Christians by Julian in general. It is examined in this article whether the Christian authors, among them John Chrysostom, represent historical reality more than Ammianus and Libanius do, and whether their writings can be adduced to prove that Julian was a persecutor.
Verifying the Family? A Comparison of DNA Analysis for Family Reunification in Three European Countries (Austria, Finland and Germany)
Authors: Heinemann Torsten , Naue Ursula , Tapaninen Anna-Maria 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This article explores and compares the legal frameworks and regulatory practices of the use of DNA analysis for family reunification in Austria, Finland, and Germany. Based on a document analysis, we first provide an overview of the international legislation for family reunification and analyse the situation in the European Union. We show that the three countries have significantly different legislative practices in place to regulate parental testing in immigration contexts and to verify family relations. We outline the key societal and political implications that are associated with these country specific forms of legislation and regulatory practices and highlight the ambivalent role of DNA analysis in family reunification.
Fortress Europe or Europe of Rights? The Europeanisation of Family Migration Policies in France, Germany and the Netherlands
Authors: Block Laura , Bonjour Saskia 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Are the restrictive reforms of family migration policy recently implemented in France, Germany and the Netherlands a result of the introduction of the Family Reunification Directive in 2003? Most existing literature on the Europeanisation of migration policies suggests that restriction-minded national governments shift decision-making to the EU level to escape domestic political and judicial constraints. However, as the Treaties of Amsterdam and Lisbon have empowered the Commission and Court to constrain restrictive reform, this perspective is losing analytical validity. Also, this perspective fails to capture the intensifying processes of policy transfer among Member States, which have inadequately been labelled ‘horizontal’ Europeanisation. We therefore propose a new, actor-centred analytical framework of Europeanisation. We show that contrasting yet parallel dynamics of Europeanisation may emanate from a single legislative instrument and may constrain and empower national governments at the same time.
Quantifying Errors due to Frequency Changes and Target Location Uncertainty for Radar Refractivity Retrievals
Authors: Nicol J. C. , Illingworth A. J. , Darlington T. , Kitchen M. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Radar refractivity retrievals can capture near-surface humidity changes, but noisy phase changes of the ground clutter returns limit the accuracy for both klystron- and magnetron-based systems. Observations with a C-band (5.6 cm) magnetron weather radar indicate that the correction for phase changes introduced by local oscillator frequency changes leads to refractivity errors no larger than 0.25 N units: equivalent to a relative humidity change of only 0.25% at 20°C. Requested stable local oscillator (STALO) frequency changes were accurate to 0.002 ppm based on laboratory measurements. More serious are the random phase change errors introduced when targets are not at the range-gate center and there are changes in the transmitter frequency (ΔfTx) or the refractivity (ΔN). Observations at C band with a 2-μs pulse show an additional 66° of phase change noise for a ΔfTx of 190 kHz (34 ppm); this allows the effect due to ΔN to be predicted. Even at S band with klystron transmitters, significant phase change noise should occur when a large ΔN develops relative to the reference period [e.g., ~55° when ΔN = 60 for the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) radars]. At shorter wavelengths (e.g., C and X band) and with magnetron transmitters in particular, refractivity retrievals relative to an earlier reference period are even more difficult, and operational retrievals may be restricted to changes over shorter (e.g., hourly) periods of time. Target location errors can be reduced by using a shorter pulse or identified by a new technique making alternate measurements at two closely spaced frequencies, which could even be achieved with a dual–pulse repetition frequency (PRF) operation of a magnetron transmitter.
The primary care physician and cancer literacy: Reducing health disparities in an immigrant population
Authors: Lee Hee Yun , Choi Jeong-Kyun , Park Ji Hye 
Published: June 2013

Objective: To evaluate the level of cancer literacy among Korean American immigrants and to identify the most influential predictors of cancer literacy in this population. Method: Using a quota-sampling strategy, 407 Korean American immigrants were recruited in the New York metropolitan area. The study was theoretically guided by the Andersen’s Health Behaviour Model and ordinary least squares regression analysis was used for data analyses. Results: The cancer literacy level of this Korean American immigrant sample was much lower than that reported in studies of non-Latino whites and other racial/ethnic minorities. The results from the multiple regression models indicated that age was the only predictor of cancer literacy among predisposing factors. As for enabling factors, educational attainment and having a primary care physician were significant predictors. No need factors were found to be significant predictors in this study. Discussion/implications: The findings reinforce a need for developing public health education and community interventions focused on Korean American immigrants and increasing cultural competence in healthcare professionals and partners.
Dynamic simulation of high-pressure tubular reactor for low-density polyethylene production
Authors: Jović Franjo , Grašovec Marko , Dejanović Igor , Kosar Vanja 
Published: June 2013

Low-density polyethylene, one of the most important polymer products, is commonly produced in high-pressure free radical polymerization processes. A dynamic model of the high-pressure polymerization of ethylene initiated by oxygen in tubular reactor is introduced, and a dynamic optimization problem is formulated for process start-up strategies. The present study proposes a kinetic model based on an assumed reaction mechanism. The model describes the rates of oxygen decomposition and propagation of free radical ethylene polymerization. The mass and heat balance equations in an adiabatic tubular reactor operated at a constant pressure of 2.4 kbars and a temperature range of 110–300°C are presented. Simulations of polymerization process predict temperature of the reaction mixture, response time for cooling water, and also conversion along the reactor length. Response time was obtained using different inputs of controlled variables. Values obtained from these simulations are compared with real data from the process unit ( Polietilen, Dioki®, Zagreb, Croatia) and a model validation is confirmed. Improvement in reactor productivity and better understanding of few different start-up procedures is achieved.