bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post Hoc Analysis Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of PrabotulinumtoxinA in Millennials and Nonmillennials With Moderate to Severe Glabellar Lines
Authors: Avelar Rui 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUNDMillennials accept and invest in aesthetic procedures more than older generations.OBJECTIVETo compare efficacy outcomes between millennial and nonmillennial patients after treatment of glabellar lines with prabotulinumtoxinA.MATERIALS AND METHODSThis was a post hoc analysis of 3 Phase III studies of 20 U prabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of moderate to severe glabellar lines. Investigator- and/or subject-assessed positive responder rates in the Glabellar Line Scale, Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, and Subject Satisfaction Scale were compared between millennials (born 1982–2000) and nonmillennials (born ≤1981).RESULTSAesthetic outcomes and subject satisfaction of prabotulinumtoxinA treatment were high in nonmillennials (n= 65) and even higher in millennials (n= 668) at all time points. At Days 7, 14, and 30 post-treatment, positive responder rates were >85% and >97% across all scales in nonmillennials and millennials, respectively, with statistical superiority observed in millennials at multiple time points in virtually all scales. The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was similar between groups.CONCLUSIONPrabotulinumtoxinA was highly effective in treating moderate to severe glabellar lines. The greater efficacy seen in millennials may reflect physiological differences related to aging as well as botulinum toxin-mediated effects on mood. The results align well with their aesthetic expectations.
Clinical Benefits of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection: Beyond Glabellar Line Effacement?
Authors: Mariwalla Kavita , Shamban Ava , Green Jeremy B. , Gross Todd M. , Brown Jessica , Gallagher Conor J. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) is standard of care for glabellar lines ameliorization. DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection (DAXI) is a new BoNTA with a unique formulation representing the latest advancement in BoNTA technology. There is an unmet need for patients to understand the full potential of BoNTA treatment and new technologies.

OBJECTIVE
To update clinical data supporting the use of DAXI for glabellar lines within the context of clinical experience.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A narrative review of the literature and summary of clinical experience with DAXI.

RESULTS
The DAXI clinical trial program reflects clinical experience post-FDA approval, with DAXI demonstrating rapid onset, high patient response rates, and extended treatment duration versus conventional BoNTAs. Clinical observations suggest that DAXI has limited diffusion from the injection site, enabling more localized control of muscle activity and greater improvements in wrinkle severity. DAXI enables practitioners to exert greater finesse in their injections and in predicting changes to eyebrow shape and position and achieve improvement in skin quality.

CONCLUSION
Advances in BoNTA technology can provide patients with greater options for treatment outcomes. The potential for enhanced localized effects with DAXI may contribute to more precise and targeted effects on muscle activity and additional aesthetic benefits to patients.
Advances in Topical Botulinum Therapy
Authors: Edelson Jonathan T. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
A successfully developed topical botulinum toxin product would overcome the disadvantages of injectable administration commonly seen with all available botulinum products, including the potential pain, bleeding, and bruising associated with injection.

OBJECTIVE
Identify the disadvantages of injectable administration of botulinum products and advantages of topical administration. Identify previous attempts to develop topical products and review the only topical product candidate (ET-01, abbreviated EMX) under clinical development.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature review regarding injectable botulinum products and topical botulinum product candidates and an analysis of data regarding EMX development were performed.

RESULTS
Multiple disadvantages of injectable administration and advantages of topical administration of botulinum toxin were identified. If available, topical botulinum products are expected to expand the clinical use of botulinum toxin. Several previous attempts to develop topical products were identified. EMX has been studied for lateral canthal line treatment in multiple controlled phase 2 clinical trials including over 700 subjects. EMX has demonstrated statistically significant positive results.

CONCLUSION
The development of a topical botulinum toxin is appealing because it overcomes multiple disadvantages observed with injectable administration and would likely result in increased clinical use of botulinum toxin. The development of EMX shows promise and merits further study.
Using Neuromodulators to Improve Scar Formation, Keloids, Rosacea, and Antiaging
Authors: Rosales Santillan Monica , Ozog David , Wu Woffles 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUNDBotulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) treatment has many uses in dermatology. Its mechanism of action and long-term effects for scar formation, rosacea, and antiaging are still being investigated.OBJECTIVETo conduct a literature review on BoNT-A to further investigate its use in scar formation, rosacea, and antiaging.METHODSA literature review was conducted using PubMed on botulinum toxin treatment for scar formation, rosacea, and antiaging. Studies discussing the toxin mechanism of action and treatment algorithm were included. The authors also provided their personal experience in BoNT-A use for these 3 conditions.RESULTSThe mechanism of action of Botulinum toxin A in improving scar formation, rosacea, and antiaging is now better understood. While it is effective in the short term, little is still known about how frequently treatment needs to be repeated and if there are any long-term effects.CONCLUSIONWhile in vitro studies have supporting evidence on the mechanism of action of BoNT-A on scar formation, rosacea, and antiaging, further studies are needed to identify long-term treatment effects.
Lifting With Neuromodulators
Authors: Kaufman-Janette Joely , Trindade de Almeida Ada 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
The use of botulinum toxins for facial rejuvenation and improvement of dynamic wrinkles has become a mainstay in the aesthetic treatment armamentarium. However, using these same neuromodulators (NMs) for lifting the structures of the face, is a newer addition to antiaging protocols. The muscles of facial animation all interplay with each other. Lifting can be accomplished by treating those muscles that are responsible for depression, leaving the elevators unopposed and resulting in a rejuvenated, lifted outcome. Brow lifting, cheek lifting, and even contouring of the lower face and jawline are all possibilities using NMs.

OBJECTIVE
To review the literature and current practices in techniques for lifting the different anatomic facial zones.

METHODS
The authors present and discuss the published data and personal experiences of using NM for lifting and retraining of the facial musculature. This article will discuss the effects and approaches to lifting with botulinum toxin injections, including the potential success and side effects associated with these off-label injections.

RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS
The use of botulinum toxins has expanded beyond its traditional use as a reducer of dynamic wrinkles. A significant amount of published data now exists for the off-label use of botulinum toxins for lifting and shaping the face. These can be considered advanced techniques as each region has its own anatomic intricacies and side effects can occur. More placebo-controlled objective data would also help elucidate exact dosing strategies for each region.
Influence of pairing in examiner leniency and stringency (‘hawk-dove effect’) in part II of the European Diploma of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care
Authors: Sciberras Stephen , Klimek Markus , Ateleanu Bazil , Scipioni Hugues , Di Loreto Rodolphe , Berger-Estilita Joana 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
The European Diploma of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (EDAIC) Part II examination is a supranational examination for anaesthesiologists.

OBJECTIVE(S)
We explore the impact of examiner pairing on leniency and stringency, commonly referred to as the ‘hawk-dove effect’. We investigate the potential variations in grading approaches, resulting from different examiner pairs and their implications for candidate performance.

DESIGN
Retrospective cohort, observational design.

SETTING
EDAIC Part II examination data from 2021 to 2023.

PARTICIPANTS
Three hundred and twenty-five examiners across 122 EDAIC Part II single-day examination sessions.

INTERVENTION(S)
We analysed the influence of examiner leniency and examiner pairing on candidate performance in the EDAIC Part II using many-facet Rasch modelling.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The study's main outcome measure was determining a leniency score among the examiner population. The study also aimed to assess how examiner pairing influenced candidate performance, as measured by their scores in the examination.

RESULTS
During the study period, the number of examiners who participated in 2021, 2022 and 2023 were 253, 242 and 247, respectively. The median [IQR] single-day sessions attended were 7.0 [3 to 10]. The examination data revealed a mean leniency score of 0 (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.046 to 0.046), with the standard deviation being one-third that of the candidates’ ability scores. There were 1424 different pairs of examiners, with most pairs (97%) having only a one-point difference in marking. The mean leniency score for the pair of examiners was −0.053 (95% CI −0.069 to −0.037).

CONCLUSION
The variations in grading approaches associated with different pairings emphasise the potential for the ‘hawk-dove effect’ to influence candidate performance and outcomes. Understanding these variations can guide curriculum development, examiner training and coupling, ensuring a balanced and equitable assessment process.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
None
Psycho-oncology interventions from research to practice: the case of mindfulness-based interventions
Authors: Carlson Linda E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As a past recipient of the International Psycho-Oncology Society (IPOS) Bernard Fox Memorial Award, on the occasion of IPOS' 40th anniversary, Dr. Carlson reflects on the development, evaluation, and uptake of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) over the past 25 years as an example of a psychosocial oncology intervention that has moved from a complementary therapy generally outside of conventional medicine to a therapy endorsed in mainstream clinical practice guidelines. She summarizes the literature on MBIs for people with cancer and her team's contributions to the body of science now supporting the use of MBIs and reviews recent clinical practice guidelines from the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, which include recommendations for the use of MBIs for treating common symptoms in people with cancer including anxiety, depression, and fatigue as an example of a process that IPOS may support for other promising programs.
Development and Psychometric Analysis of a Patient-Reported Measure of Diagnostic Excellence for Emergency and Urgent Care Settings
Authors: Gleason Kelly T. , Dukhanin Vadim , Peterson Susan K. , Gonzalez Natalia , Austin J.M. , McDonald K.M. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Emergency and urgent care settings face challenges with routinely obtaining performance feedback related to diagnostic care. Patients and their care partners provide an important perspective on the diagnostic process and outcome of care in these settings. We sought to develop and test psychometric properties of Patient-Report to IMprove Diagnostic Excellence in Emergency Department settings (PRIME-ED), a measure of patient-reported diagnostic excellence in these care settings.

Methods
We developed PRIME-ED based on literature review, expert feedback, and cognitive testing. To assess psychometric properties, we surveyed AmeriSpeak, a probability-based panel that provides sample coverage of approximately 97% of the U.S. household population, in February 2022 to adult patients, or their care partners, who had presented to an emergency department or urgent care facility within the last 30 days. Respondents rated their agreement on a 5-point Likert scale with each of 17 statements across multiple domains of patient-reported diagnostic excellence. Demographics, visit characteristics, and a subset of the Emergency Department Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers & Systems were also collected. We conducted psychometric testing for reliability and validity.

Results
Over a thousand (n = 1116) national panelists completed the PRIME-ED survey, of which 58.7% were patients and 40.9% were care partners; 49.6% received care at an emergency department and 49.9% at an urgent care facility. Responses had high internal consistency within 3 patient-reported diagnostic excellence domain groupings: diagnostic process (Cronbach’s alpha 0.94), accuracy of diagnosis (0.93), and communication of diagnosis (0.94). Domain groupings were significantly correlated with concurrent Emergency Department Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers & Systems items. Factor analyses substantiated 3 domain groupings.

Conclusions
PRIME-ED has potential as a tool for capturing patient-reported diagnostic excellence in emergency and urgent care.
68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT Imaging in a Patient With Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Zhang Zitong , Yang Lixiang , Jiang Lisha , Tian Rong , Li Qianrui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We described the findings of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT of psoriatic arthritis in a 56-year-old man. Intense FAPI uptake was observed alongside the spine and in the joints of bilateral feet and the right hip. 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT is potentially valuable for the evaluation of join involvement and disease activity in patients with psoriasis.
Diagnosing the Recent Decrease in Utilization of Deceased Donor Kidneys
Authors: Wood Nicholas L. , VanDerwerken Douglas N. , Massie Allan B. , Segev Dorry L. , Snyder Jon J. , Gentry Sommer E. 
Published: August 2024

Background.
The number of deceased donor kidney transplants has been increasing and is at a record high, yet nonuse of kidneys recovered for transplantation has risen to 25.8% following circular kidney allocation system based on 250–nautical-mile circles implemented on March 15, 2021 (KAS250).

Methods.
Using Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data, we studied all deceased donor kidneys recovered for transplant from March 15, 2019, to January 31, 2023. We calculated the association of multiple factors with kidney nonuse, including increasing recovery of kidneys from nonideal donors, delays in offer acceptance observed under KAS250, and impacts of COVID-19.

Results.
In the 2 y before KAS250, the nonuse rate was 21.2%. Had this rate continued, 2334 more kidneys would have been transplanted through January 2023. We estimated that about 769 of these nonused kidneys (33%) were associated with offer acceptance delays under KAS250; about 994 of these nonused kidneys (43%) were associated with increased prevalence of nonideal donors: donation after circulatory death donors, older donors, and donors with elevated peak serum creatinine; and about 542 of these nonused kidneys (23%) were associated with an otherwise unexplained gradual upward trend in nonuse of recovered kidneys across the pre-KAS250 and KAS250 eras. The overall impact of COVID-19 on the nonuse rate was not significant.

Conclusions.
The rise in kidney nonuse rate was significantly associated with both increased recovery of nonideal donors, and with KAS250 allocation complexity and delays. Increasing recovery of kidneys from nonideal donors benefits patients because recovering more kidneys increases the number of kidneys available for transplant.
Investigating Cardiac Temperature During Heart Transplantation Using the Static Cold Storage Paradigm
Authors: Paez Juan Rodriguez , White Ruth E. , Dunn Kaitlyn , Gopagani Lasya , Pham Si , Pahinkar Darshan , Chivukula Venkat Keshav 
Published: August 2024

Background.
Static cold storage is a mainstay of the heart transplantation (HTx) process. However, the temperature distribution within the organ at each stage of HTx is unknown. In this study, we aimed to quantify how long it took for the heart to warm up and cool down and the nature of temperature distribution with the organ at each stage of HTx.

Methods.
We used high-fidelity computational time-varying biothermal modeling on an anatomical human heart model to model the HTx process in 5 interdependent stages, including cardioplegia, back-table preparation, static cold storage ice box storage and transport, back-table preparation at the recipient institution and warm-up within the recipient body before cross-clamp release.

Results.
Results indicate that the heart experiences roller-coaster-like temperature changes in stage, including rapid cool down from body temperature to <10 °C within 15 min in stage 1 with a maximum cooling rate of 5 °C/min. This was followed by cooling and extended duration of temperatures <2 °C in the ice box and rapid warming up to body temperature within 10 min at rates of 2 °C/min and 4 °C/min for the left and right sides, respectively, during implantation. Temperature distribution throughout the heart was heterogeneous, with right-sided temperature change occurring nearly 2× faster than on the left side.

Conclusions.
We present, for the first time, detailed temperature distributions and evolution at each stage of HTx. Quantification of the rapid and heterogeneous temperature changes is crucial to optimize HTx and improve organ viability.
Kidney Transplant Outcomes in Amyloidosis: US National Database Study
Authors: Yamauchi Junji , Raghavan Divya , Jweehan Duha , Oygen Suayp , Marineci Silviana , Hall Isaac E. , Molnar Miklos Z. 
Published: August 2024

Background.
We aimed to assess contemporary transplant outcomes among kidney recipients with amyloidosis, as the treatment and prognosis of amyloidosis have shown improvement over time.

Methods.
Using the US Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database, we initially evaluated the changes in patient and graft survival among kidney recipients with amyloidosis from 2002 to 2021. We then compared transplant outcomes between recipients with amyloidosis versus those with diabetic and nondiabetic causes of kidney failure, creating 1:4 matches with highly similar characteristics separately for deceased donor kidney transplant (DDKT) and living donor kidney transplant (LDKT) during the last decade (2012–2021).

Results.
We identified 643 kidney recipients with amyloidosis during 2002–2021. Patient and death-censored graft survival improved over time. In the matching analysis for 207 DDKT and 166 LDKT recipients with amyloidosis during 2012–2021, patient survival was not significantly different between amyloidosis and diabetes groups in both DDKT (log-rank, P = 0.057) and LDKT (P = 0.99). Compared with the nondiabetes group, patient survival in the amyloidosis group was not significantly different for DDKTs (P = 0.56) but was significantly lower for LDKTs (P = 0.04). Death-censored graft failure risk was not significantly different between amyloidosis and diabetes or nondiabetes groups for both DDKTs (P = 0.78 and 0.75) and LDKTs (P = 0.40 and 0.24).

Conclusions.
In this well-matched cohort study, we found no significant differences in patient and graft survival between kidney recipients with amyloidosis and those with diabetes. Similarly, these outcomes were not significantly different between those with amyloidosis versus nondiabetic causes, except for patient survival of LDKT recipients.
Donor and Recipient Age Influence Outcomes Following Orthotopic Heart Transplantation in the 2018 US Heart Allocation System
Authors: Iyanna Nidhi , Hong Yeahwa , Hess Nicholas R. , Ziegler Luke A. , Dorken-Gallastegi Ander , Hickey Gavin W. , Keebler Mary E. , Kaczorowski David J. 
Published: August 2024

Background.
This study evaluates the interaction of donor and recipient age with outcomes following heart transplantation under the 2018 heart allocation system.

Methods.
The United Network for Organ Sharing registry was queried to analyze adult primary isolated orthotopic heart transplant recipients and associated donors from August 18, 2018, to June 30, 2021. Both recipient and donor cohorts were grouped according to age: <65 and ≥65 y for recipients and <50 and ≥50 y for donors. The primary outcome was survival. Subanalyses were performed to evaluate the impact of donor age.

Results.
A total of 7601 recipients and 7601 donors were analyzed. Of these, 1584 recipients (20.8%) were ≥65 y old and 560 donors (7.4%) were ≥50 y old. Compared with recipients <65, recipients ≥65 had decreased 1-y (88.8% versus 92.3%) and 2-y (85.1% versus 88.5%) survival rates (P < 0.001). The association of recipient age ≥65 with lower survival persisted after adjusting for potential cofounders (hazard ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-1.61; P < 0.001). Recipients <65 with donors ≥50 had comparable 1-y and 2-y survival rates to recipients <65 with donors <50 (P = 0.997). Conversely, transplantation of older allografts was associated with lower 1-y (84.2% versus 89.4%) and 2-y (79.5% versus 85.8%) survival rates in recipients ≥65 (P = 0.025).

Conclusions.
Recipient age ≥65 continues to be associated with worse survival following heart transplantation in the 2018 heart allocation system compared with younger recipients. Donors ≥50 may be acceptable among recipients <65 with comparable outcomes. However, careful donor age selection should be considered for recipients ≥65, as the use of younger donor allografts appears to improve posttransplantation survival.