bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of rapeseed oil cake using nitrogen adsorption
Authors: Sokołowska Z. , Bowanko G. , Boguta P. , Tys J. , Skiba K. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Adsorption of nitrogen on the rapeseed oil cake and rapeseed oil cake with wheat meal extrudates was investigated. The results are presented as adsorption-desorption isotherms. The Brunauer-Emmet and Teller equation was used to analyse the experimental sorption data. To obtain estimates of the surface area and surface fractal dimension, the sorption isotherms were analyzed using the Brunauer-Emmet and Teller and Frenkel-Halsey-Hill equations. Mesopore analysis was carried out using the Dollimore and Heal method. The properties and surface characteristic of rapeseed oil cake extrudates are related to different basic properties of particular samples and duration of the extrusion process. Extrusion conditions lead to essential differences in particular products. For all kinds of rapeseed oil cakes the amount of adsorbed nitrogen was different, but for the rapeseed oil cake extrudates a large amount of adsorbed nitrogenwas observed. The average surface area of the rapeseed oil cake extrudates was about 6.5-7.0 m2 g-1, whereas it was equal to about 4.0-6.0 m2 g-1 for rapeseed oil cake with the wheat meal extrudates. In the case of non-extruded rapeseed oil cake and wheat meal, the dominant group included ca. 2 and 5 nmpores. The values of surface fractal dimension suggested that the surface of the extrudates was more homogenous than that of the raw material. Duration of the extrusion process to 80 s resulted in a decrease in the specific surface area, surface fractal dimension, and porosity of the extrudates.
Comparison of iron fractions on the regulated and restored parts of the Rudnia River (NE Poland)
Authors: Cudowski Adam , Zieliński Piotr 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHydrochemical investigations focusing on different iron fractions were conducted in 2007 from January to December on two parts (regulated and restored) of the small lowland Rudnia River in north-eastern Poland. Concentrations of the total iron (TFe) in the water of the Rudnia River ranged from 582 μg dm-3 up to 3646 μg dm-3, and their elevated values are clearly the result of their complex binding with organic matter originating from the peat-mineral catchment of the river. Regardless of the season, in the upper part of the river (regulated channel) higher concentrations of all iron fractions than in the restored river section were observed. All tests on iron fractions showed a clear seasonal variability on both river channel parts. Higher TFe concentrations were typical for the regulated part of the river in autumn or winter, and lower in spring for the restored river channel section. For the whole of the investigated period and regardless of the season, particulate iron fraction (PFe) represented a higher proportion of TFe in the regulated channel than in the restored one. PFe constituted up to 60% TFe, on average, while the other two fractions about 20% of TFe each. However, dissolved reactive iron fraction (DRFe) made up a larger percentage of TFe than organic soluble fraction (DOFe) of iron within the year. The maximum percentage of DOFe fraction outside the growing season was caused by iron release from organic complexes and elevated concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) derived from wetlands.
Connected Youth
Authors: Rye Ståle Angen 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The present article investigates how young people use the Internet to gain information about distant events that can be used in their schoolwork. The aim is to better understand the process behind youngsters’ construction of what is distant, which in turn may help us to understand how people construct knowledge and act in relation to such realities. Empirical sources originate from qualitative interviews and observations of Norwegian secondary school students using computers to search for information about tropical rainforests and climate change. A network approach has been used to frame this topic, in which extensibility and flow are the main analytical perspectives. The findings reveal that students tend to not connect directly to distant sources when looking for information about distant realities. Rather, they relate to the global flow of information by using national nodes of information flow that indirectly relate them to what is happening at a distance.
Usability application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of microorganisms isolated from urine of patients treated in cancer hospital
Authors: Cybulski Zefiryn , Schmidt Katarzyna , Grabiec Alicja , Talaga Zofia , Bociąg Piotr , Wojciechowicz Jacek , Roszak Andrzej , Kycler Witold 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Background. The objective of this study was: i) to compare the results of urine culture with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -based detection of microorganisms using two commercially available kits, ii) to assess antimicrobial susceptibility of urine isolates from cancer patients to chosen antimicrobial drugs and, if necessary, to update the recommendation of empirical therapy.
Materials and methods. A one-year hospital-based prospective study has been conducted in Greater Poland Cancer Centre and Genetic Medicine Laboratory CBDNA Research Centre in 2011. Urine cultures and urine PCR assay from 72 patients were examined
Results. Urine cultures and urine PCR assay from 72 patients were examined. Urine samples were positive for 128 strains from which 95 (74%) were identical in both tests. The most frequently isolated bacteria in both culture and PCR assay were coliform organisms and Enterococcus spp. The Gram negative bacilli were most resistant to cotrimoxazol. 77.2% of these bacilli and 100% of E. faecalis and S. agalactiae were sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. 4.7% of Gram positive cocci were resistant to nitrofurantoin.
Conclusions. The PCR method quickly finds the causative agent of urinary tract infection (UTI) and, therefore, it can help with making the choice of the proper antimicrobial therapy at an early stage. It appears to be a viable alternative to the recommendations made in general treatment guidelines, in cases where diversified sensitivity patterns of microorganisms have been found.
Minimally invasive treatment of peristomal metastases from gastric cancer at an ileostomy site by electrochemotherapy
Authors: Campana Luca G. , Scarpa Marco , Sommariva Antonio , Bonandini Elena , Valpione Sara , Sartore Leonardo , Rossi Carlo R. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Background. Peristomal metastases are rare, but potentially associated with relevant morbidity. Surgical resection, followed by stoma relocation, represent the gold standard in most patients. We describe electrochemotherapy (ECT), a minimally invasive method for locally-enhancing drug delivery by means of electric pulses, as an alternative approach.
Patient and methods. A 49-year-old man with advanced gastric cancer developed skin metastases around an ileostomy site. The ulcerated and oozing tumor growth impaired patient’s quality of life due to continuous trouble in fitting the ostomy appliance, its poor adherence and consequent stools spillage. ECT consisted of a 20-minute course under mild general sedation. A bleomycin bolus of 15 000 IU/m2 was followed by the percutaneous application of multiple, 1.5 ms -long electric pulses by means of a needle electrode.
Results. Post ECT course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the same day. After one week, tumor nodules were flattened and partial tumor regression was appreciable at one-month follow-up. More importantly, peristomal skin conditions significantly improved, thus allowing for an effective application of the ostomy appliance during the following moths, until patient’s death.
Conclusions. This report suggests the feasibility of ECT as a minimally invasive approach for peristomal tumors. In selected cases, ECT, by achieving a rapid tumor control, may ensure effective ostomy management and preserve patients’ quality of life.
Impact of Biocorrosion on the Durability of Etics and Empirical Findings About the Periodocity of Maintenance
Authors: Antošová Naďa 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Generally, the role of living organisms (especially bacteria, cyanophytes, algae and fungi) in the physical and chemical processes of the biocorrosion of an external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) is underestimated. These organisms are the ones that are responsible for a wide range of changes in or "diseases" of building materials and constructions, including damage to a building´s appearance or the destruction and complete collapse of the characteristics and requirements of materials and the ETICS construction.
The following article concerns the impact of biological factors on the durability of ETICS. It shows the importance of and necessity to maintain it, and the method and periodicity of the maintenance.
Beta Coefficients of Polish Blue Chip Companies in the Period Of 2005–2011
Authors: Dębski Wiesław , Feder-Sempach Ewa 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Risk plays a significant role in various aspects of financial decision throughout the world financial markets. Beta parameter is one of the commonly used coefficient to estimate the systematic risk associated with stocks. Beta is mostly calculated using single index market model by W. Sharpe.
This study examined the beta parameter under bull and bear market conditions on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE). This paper analyses the beta responses for bad and good news for 44 stocks (14 stocks from the WIG20 index and 30 stocks from the mWIG40 index) over the last six years of trading at the WSE. Beta was calculated using monthly returns over the period 2005-2011, separately for the bull and the bear market. Our analysis finds strong evidence that beta is different in bull and bear market phase.
Commonwealth of Independent States Economic Development: Multidimensional Comparison of States
Authors: Kompa Krzysztof 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
After the disintegration of the Soviet Union several new states were founded, and majority of them created the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) while three Baltic states decided about independent path of development so now they are member states of EU.
The aim of the paper is to evaluate the level of economic development of 10 countries, that previously were Soviet Union republic. The evaluation procedure is provided applying taxonomic indicators constructed on the basis of 12 variables observed for each country in years 1995-2009. Aggregated measure values are used to classify the investigated states into four classes containing countries with similar level of economic development.
Properties of Normalization Methods Used in the Construction of Aggregate Measures
Authors: Nermend Kesra 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This article presents a study on the impact of missing objects, untypical objects and the impact of displacing coordinates of the object on the results of normalization in the construction of aggregate measures for ranking socio-economic objects. The study was conducted on simulated data sets generated in order to investigate the properties of normalization methods. This article focuses on the standardization formula responsible for moving the set of objects
Assessment of AIS Vessel Position Report Under the Aspect of Data Reliability
Authors: Banyś Paweł , Noack Thoralf , Gewies Stefan 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Since its introduction the Automatic Identification System (AIS) has played an important part in improving safety at sea, making bridge watchkeeping duties more comfortable and enhancing vessel traffic management ashore. However the analysis of a AIS data set describing the vessel traffic of the Baltic Sea came to conclusion, that specific parameters with relevance to navigation seemed to be defective or implausible. Essentially, it concerned the true heading (THDG) and the rate of turn (ROT) parameters. With the paper we are trying to clarify, which parameters of the AIS position report and to what extent, are affected. The detailed data analysis gives answers on how reliable the AIS data in different traffic areas is.
The Effect of Space Weather on Maritime Aids-to-Navigation Service Provision
Authors: Grant Alan , Shaw George , Ward Nick 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The General Lighthouse Authorities of the United Kingdom and Ireland (GLA) provide marine Aids-to-Navigation (AtoNs) for the benefit and safety of all mariners within their waters. These AtoNs include traditional lighthouses, buoys and various radionavigation systems.
It is recognised that GPS, or more generally Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), have become the primary means of obtaining Position, Navigation and Timing (PNT) information at sea. Mariners may have come to believe that GPS is infallible, yet it is known to be vulnerable to solar activity, interference and system failures.
The Sun continuously releases random bursts of energy and highly charged particles. The impact of these emissions on the Earth is known as space weather. Bursts of electromagnetic energy can result in radio blackouts; bursts of high energy particles can increase ionising radiation and affect space craft performance; and bursts of magnetised plasma can result in the degradation and potential loss of radionavigation signals on Earth.
The amount of solar activity is linked with the natural sunspot cycle, which shows the number of sunspots peak approximately every 11 years, with the next peak due in 2013. Sunspots occur almost continuously, but normally give rise to weak solar events that generally go by unnoticed. However significant storms can occur at any time and as we approach peak activity, the number of space weather events will increase.
AtoNs generally report their position using radio systems, whether through the Automatic Identification System (AIS), public networks or dedicated links; and often use GNSS to calculate their position and to obtain timing information. Mariners use GNSS for PNT information; with this information integrated into many different bridge systems. Powerful solar storms can affect GNSS performance and the reception of their signals, which may lead to different correlated events, both on and off the ship. During very extreme and very rare storms, national power systems may be switched off to protect the infrastructure which would clearly affect those services relying on mains power without backup.
This paper reports the output of a study into the potential effects of space weather on GLA AtoN service provision and presents mitigating actions, where appropriate. The outcome of this study will help the GLA to continue to provide the highest level of AtoN availability, helping to ensure the safety of all mariners.
Indoor Navigation Using Particle Filter and Sensor Fusion
Authors: Köping Lukas , Mühsam Thomas , Ofenberg Christian , Czech Bernhard , Bernard Michael , Schmer Jens , Deinzer Frank 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In this paper we present an indoor localization system based on particle filter and multiple sensor data like acceleration, angular velocity and compass data. With this approach we tackle the problem of documentation on large building yards during the construction phase. Due to the circumstances of such an environment we cannot rely on any data from GPS, Wi-Fi or RFID. Moreover this work should serve us as a first step towards an all-in-one navigation system for mobile devices. Our experimental results show that we can achieve high accuracy in position estimation.
La natalité de 1984 à 1986 : rangs biologiques et âge de la mère
Authors: Yakubovich Yolanda 
Published: July 2013

Par l'intermédiaire de l'allocation au jeune enfant (qui remplace depuis septembre 1985 les allocations postnatales), la CNAF dispose d'un instrument de mesure de la natalité décomptant des flux annuels de naissances par âge de la mère, et nombre d'enfants déjà à charge. Cet indicateur complète les statistiques courantes de naissances issues de l'état civil qui ne fournissent que le rang de l'enfant dans le mariage. Le concept d'"enfants à charge" au sens des prestations familiales coïncide pratiquement avec le rang biologique, aujourd'hui indispensable à la description de la natalité en raison, notamment, de la croissance des naissances illégitimes.
Les résultats pour les années 1984 à 1986, présentés ci-dessous, montrent un recul de l'âge de la mère à la naissance, ainsi qu'une "croissance apparente" de la part des naissances de rang supérieur ou égal à trois. Cependant, cette croissance relative ne saurait s'interpréter, on le verra, comme un retournement des tendances récentes de la fécondité.
Revenu minimum garanti : point sur des études récentes
Authors: Debordeaux Danièle 
Published: July 2013

Cinq études qui viennent d'être réalisées concernent un thème qui, actuellement, fait l'objet de nombreux articles et débats : le revenu minimum garanti. Il s'agit :
- de deux études d'évaluation des allocations de revenus minimums locaux existant en France ;
- de deux études d'évaluation de l'expérimentation conduite en Ille-et-Vilaine ;
- d'une étude d' évaluation du nombre de bénéficiaires potentiels, dans le département du Rhône, du dispositif "complément local de ressources" lancé à l'initiative du gouvernement.
Ce texte n'a pas pour ambition de proposer l'estimation quantifiée définitive des diverses propositions de revenu minimum garanti, et ce pour deux raisons. D'abord personne ne peut prétendre à un chiffrage précis faute d' informations fiables, et ensuite la CNAF a déjà publié pour la partie de la population qui relève des CAF les chiffrages les plus précis (A. Chastand, P. H. Comble, F. Lagarde - Dossier CAF n° 4 - 1986).
Les problèmes soulevés par la représentation de l'enfant en justice
Authors: Garapon Antoine 
Published: July 2013

Dans le cadre du programme Droit et évolution des formes de vie familiale, une recherche, maintenant terminée, traite de la représentation de l'enfant en justice, autrement dit, de "l'avocat d'enfant" (cf. fiche n°1). Partant du constat que la situation actuelle de l'enfant devant la justice n'est pas satisfaisante -l'expression de son opinion n 'est pas assez organisée ni assez fréquente - la recherche étudie ce qu 'il en est devant les différents tribunaux. L'analyse porte tant sur les textes que sur les pratiques des professionnels en France et dans certains pays étrangers ; elle conclut par des propositions de mise en œuvre.
Elle montre que l'enfant n'est représenté que devant le juge des enfants en matière pénale et éducative, et qu'en matière de divorce, d'adoption, d'émancipation, l'audition de l'enfant n'est pas toujours organisée par les textes et que, lorsqu'elle l'est, l'enfant se présente seul devant le juge dans un rapport qui semble à l 'équipe de chercheurs déséquilibré par un rapport d'autorité.
Devant ce thème sensible et très contemporain, Antoine Garapon expose son point de vue, fondé notamment sur son expérience de juge des enfants. Il évoque les problèmes fondamentaux de la défense de l'enfant, les risques d'une réforme partielle en ce domaine et les difficultés de mise en œuvre : moment d intervention de l 'avocat, contact avec l 'enfant, financement.
Il conclut par des propositions qui verraient le renforcement des garanties de toutes les parties à l'instance, enfants, parents, voire dans certains cas celles du juge des enfants également.
Efficacy and Safety of Pegylated Interferon-α2A in Patients with Lamivudine-Resistant Hbeag-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Suh Dong Jin , Lee Han Chu , Byun Kwan Soo , Cho Mong , Kweon Young Oh , Tak Won Young , Chon Chae Yoon , Koh Kwang Cheol , Lee Young Sok 
Published: July 2013

Background Lamivudine resistance develops in up to 80% of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) after 5 years of treatment. Cross-resistance between nucleoside/nucleotide analogues limits management options in these patients. To investigate the role of pegylated interferon-α2a as rescue therapy in these patients, the efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon-α2a between treatment-naive patients and lamivudine-resistant patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive CHB were compared. Methods A total of 150 HBeAg-positive CHB patients were stratified according to prior treatment. Lamivudine-resistant patients ( n=64) and treatment-naive patients ( n=86) received pegylated interferon-α2a once-weekly for 48 weeks and were followed-up for an additional 24 weeks. Primary end points were HBeAg loss and HBV DNA <100,000 copies/ml at end of follow-up. Results A total of 65 (76%) treatment-naive patients and 49 (77%) lamivudine-resistant patients completed treatment and 24 weeks of follow-up. Rates of HBeAg loss were comparable at end of follow-up between treatment-naive patients and lamivudine-resistant patients (20.9% and 23.4%, respectively; P=0.8423). Similarly, rates of HBV DNA<100,000 copies/ml were comparable at end of follow-up between treatment-naive patients and lamivudine-resistant patients (20.9% and 21.9%, respectively; P=1.000). There was no statistically significant difference in alanine aminotransferase normalization rates between treatment-naive patients and lamivudine-resistant patients (36.0% and 29.7%, respectively; P=0.4848). A total of one patient in each group achieved hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss and seroconversion. The most common adverse events were those known to occur with pegylated interferon-α2a therapy, and safety profiles were similar between both patient populations. Conclusions Pegylated interferon-α2a may be effective as a rescue therapy in patients with lamivudine-resistant HBeAg-positive CHB.
Single and Multiple Dose Pharmacokinetics of Dolutegravir in the Genital Tract of HIV-Negative Women
Authors: Adams Jessica L , Patterson Kristine B , Prince Heather MA , Sykes Craig , Greener Benjamin N , Dumond Julie B , Kashuba Angela DM 
Published: July 2013

Background Antiretrovirals that achieve adequate concentrations in anatomical sites of transmission are of interest for HIV prevention. A Phase I open-label pharmacokinetic (PK) study was performed to describe first dose (PK1) and steady-state (PK2) PKs of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir (DTG) in blood plasma (BP), cervicovaginal fluid (CVF), cervical tissue (CT) and vaginal tissue (VT) in HIV type-1-negative women. Methods A total of 8 healthy females given DTG 50 mg daily for 5–7 days had 11 paired BP and CVF samples collected over 24 h following the first dose (PK1) and multiple dosing (PK2). Each woman underwent CT and VT biopsies at 1/4 time points at PK1 and PK2 to generate composite PK profiles. DTG concentrations were analysed by validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods. Non-compartmental PK analysis was performed and Spearman rank correlations determined between matrices. Results BP areas under the concentration–time curve (AUCs) were similar to previous reports and concentrations remained greater than the protein-adjusted (PA) 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) for wild-type HIV (64 ng/ml). CVF exposures were approximately 6% of BP with low inter-individual variability. CT and VT exposures were 7% of BP at PK1, and 9–10% of BP at PK2 with 94% of samples >PA-IC90. CT and VT concentrations were correlated to each other (ρ=0.70, P=0.003), and to CVF at steady state (ρ=0.52, P=0.04). Accumulation of DTG from PK1 to PK2 occurred in BP, CT and VT, but only marginally in CVF. Conclusions DTG BP PK were consistent with previously published values. CVF, CT and VT exposures were highly correlated. At PK2, DTG accumulated to a greater extent in tissue than in BP or CVF, suggesting increased tissue affinity.