bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergent response of energy exchange to heatwaves from flux tower observations among various vegetation types
Authors: Tian Xiaohui , Qiu Bo , Ni Yueyang , Chen Jiuyi , Li Lingfeng , Cao Yipeng , Zhao Siwen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The increasing frequency of European heatwaves and the associated impacts on ecosystems have raised widespread concern during the last two decades. The partitioning of surface energy between latent and sensible heat fluxes plays a pivotal role in regulating heat and water exchange between the land surface and the atmosphere. However, the responses of surface energy partitioning during heatwave events and the contributions of changes in energy partitioning to heatwave development have been underexplored. Here, we investigated the responses of surface energy exchange to temperature extremes during four devastating European heatwaves (2003, 2010, 2018, and 2022) based on long‒term observations from 31 flux towers. Our results demonstrated that the divergent responses of surface energy exchange to heatwaves were modulated by vegetation type and background climate in Europe. Forests maintained similar latent heat fluxes as the climatological mean but largely increased sensible heat under heat‒stressed conditions. While grasslands and croplands tended to increase sensible heat by suppressing latent heat during heatwaves, especially under water‒stressed conditions. Furthermore, the changes in surface energy partitioning strengthened positive land‒atmosphere feedbacks during the heatwave period, leading to unprecedented temperature extremes. This study highlights the importance of surface energy partitioning in land‒atmosphere interactions and heatwave developments.
The EU’s new anti-deforestation law has severe loopholes that could be exploited by the forthcoming EU-MERCOSUR trade agreement
Authors: Fuchs Richard , Raymond Joanna , Winkler Karina , Rounsevell Mark 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The EU deforestation regulation promises global green leadership, however, loopholes may lead to an increase in the trade of deforestation-implicit agricultural products. Ratification of the EU-MERCOSUR free trade agreement could exploit this situation.
Evaluating effectiveness of clustering algorithms in multiple target stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Hui Cheukkai B , Chen Josephine , Pourmoghaddas Amir , Mutaf Ela 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. Single-isocenter-multiple-target technique for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can reduce treatment duration but risks compromised dose coverage due to potential rotational errors. Clustering targets into two groups can reduce isocenter-target distances, mitigating the impact of rotational uncertainty. However, a comprehensive evaluation of clustering algorithms for SRS is absent. This study addresses this gap by introducing the SRS Target Clustering Framework (Framework), a comprehensive tool that utilizes commonly used clustering algorithms to generate efficient cluster configurations. Approach. The Framework incorporates four distinct optimization objectives based on two key metrics: the isocenter-target distance and the ratio of this distance to the target radius. Agglomerative and weighted agglomerative clustering are employed for minimax and weighted minimax objectives, respectively. K-means and weighted k-means are utilized for sum-of-squares and weighted sum-of-squares objectives. We applied the Framework to 126 SRS plans, comparing results to ground truth solutions obtained through a brute force algorithm. Main results. For the minimax objective, the average maximum isocenter-target distance from agglomerative clustering (4.8 cm) was slightly higher than the ground truth (4.6 cm). Similarly, the weighted agglomerative clustering achieved an average maximum ratio of 15.1 compared to the ground truth of 14.6. Notably, both k-means and weighted k-means clustering showed close agreement (within a precision of 0.1) with the ground truth for average root-mean-square target-isocenter distance and ratio (3.6 cm and 11.1, respectively). Significance. These results demonstrate the Framework’s effectiveness in generating clusters for SRS targets. The proposed approach has the potential to become a valuable tool in SRS treatment planning. Furthermore, this study is the first to investigate clustering algorithms for both minimizing maximum and sum-of-squares uncertainty in SRS.
Engagement Is Personal
Authors: McCourt David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores a crucial aspect of Engagement’s demise frequently left out of scholarly and popular analysis commentary: the often-intense personal struggles among America’s knowledge communities over policies and frames. Despite decades of expansion and diversification, the U.S. national security community remains a small social space at its upper levels. America’s China watchers typically know many of their colleagues. Key decisions are tied to identifiable individuals. Henry Kissinger is the quintessential example, synonymous with Engagement with China. The rise and fall of Engagement with China, then, was more than an outcome of political and professional contestation. Running orthogonally to both was a personal story of real people’s hopes realized or frustrated, of agendas promoted or blocked as they waged intellectual and bureaucratic battles.
Sect and Superstition: The Protestant Framework of American Codification
Authors: Funk Kellen R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Elite lawyers who debated codification in the nineteenth-century United States treated codification as inseparable from a liberal Protestant textualism that had taken hold in the early national era. Legislators declared codification to be the necessary final step of the Protestant Reformation and frequently characterized common law lawyers as beholden to ‘superstition’ and ‘priestcraft’. Their opponents denounced the codifiers’ idea that texts alone could adequately convey common meanings and delighted to point out the endlessly fracturing glosses on supposedly ‘clear’ texts that divided the positivists into an ever-increasing number of sects.
Many works have addressed the relationship between populism and positivism over the course of the codification debates in the United States. What these works have missed is the Protestantism. Understanding how lawyers of another generation approached these questions can help us to appreciate the varieties of American textualism, and the fact that today’s textualism may be as foreign to textualisms of the past as to other methods entirely. Rather than the forerunners of a modern, rationalist ‘Republic of Statutes’, the codifiers were the literal and figurative sons of a post-Calvinist generation that was unquenchably optimistic about the clarity of texts and the common sense of individuals reading them. This lens also helps us better understand the defenders of the common law, who were not so much the retrograde servants of property rights and judicial supremacy as they are often presented, but were more often practically minded lawyers who understood the limits to which legislative texts could change the complex practices of law on the ground.
Associations of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Objective Subtle Cognitive Difficulties in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Veterans
Authors: Garcia Mary Ellen , Rantins Peter , Alshaheri Durazo Alin , Urias Uriel , Weigand Alexandra J , Bangen Katherine J , Bondi Mark W , Jak Amy J , Thomas Kelsey R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Psychiatric conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression have a two-fold increased dementia risk in Veterans. Prior work has shown that psychiatric factors can both impact cognitive functioning and be early symptoms associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objectively defined subtle cognitive difficulties (Obj-SCD) has been associated with cognitive decline and AD biomarkers. However, Obj-SCD has not yet been investigated in the context of psychiatric disorders.

Methods
A total of 179 cognitively unimpaired Veterans (50–92 years old) underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation at VA San Diego and a retrospective medical record review. Chi-squared tests compared rates of psychiatric diagnoses in Veterans with and without Obj-SCD.

Results
About 21% of the sample was classified as Obj-SCD. Relative to cognitively unimpaired Veterans, Veterans classified as Obj-SCD had higher rates of PTSD, but not higher rates of other psychiatric conditions (e.g., depression). The PTSD findings appear to be driven by measures of cognitive efficiency.

Conclusion
Elevated rates of PTSD, but not other psychiatric conditions, were observed among Veterans with Obj-SCD. The prevalence and type of subtle cognitive difficulties associated with PTSD in older Veterans demonstrates a need, and informs potential targets, for intervention. Further work is needed to determine mechanisms of subtle cognitive difficulties in older Veterans with PTSD.
Introducing field-programmable gate arrays in genotype phasing and imputation
Authors: Wienbrandt Lars , Ellinghaus David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Summary
We recently developed EagleImp, a free software that combines genotype phasing and imputation in a single tool. By introducing algorithmic and technical improvements we accelerated the classical two-step approach using Eagle2 and PBWT. Here, we demonstrate how to use field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to accelerate EagleImp even further by a factor of up to 93% without loss of phasing and imputation quality. Due to the speed advantage over a not accelerated processor-based implementation, the FPGA extension of EagleImp allows the user to choose a more resource-intensive parameter setting in exchange for computation time to further improve phasing and imputation quality.

Availability and implementation
EagleImp and its FPGA extension are freely available at https://github.com/ikmb/eagleimp and https://github.com/ikmb/eagleimp-fpga.
An adaptive fuzzy maximum power point tracking for PV systems by a mutant gray wolf optimization algorithm
Authors: Omali Yahya Gholami , Shokouhandeh Hassan , Kamarposhti Mehrdad Ahmadi , Sedighi Mohsen , Hwang Jae-Yong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
An innovative and adaptive maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based on a fuzzy controller is proposed in this article. The proposed controller is optimized by the mutant gray wolf optimization (MGWO) algorithm, and the objective function uses an integral squared time squared error (ISTSE) index. To indicate the efficiency of the proposed MPPT algorithm (MGWO-AF-MPPT), the simulations for several irradiation conditions are modeled in MATLAB. In addition, two fair comparisons are performed between the simulation results of the proposed MPPT method with an adaptive fuzzy controller that optimized with particle swarm optimization (PSO-AF-MPPT), as well as a Perturbation and Observation method (P&O-MPPT). The comparison results illustrate that the amount of generated electrical power from the PV system for all adaptive MPPT systems is almost close to each other, indicating the high accuracy of both fuzzy-based controllers. However, the PV power generation of the proposed MGWO-AF-MPPT is higher, and also its ripple is lower than PSO-AF-MPPT. Note that, the calculated total harmonic distortion (THD) for the P&O-MPPT, PSO-AF-MPPT, and the proposed MGWO-AF-MPPT methods are calculated at 3.4%, 2.3%, and 2.1%, respectively. A lower THD indicates better power quality generated by the PV system employing the MGWO-AF-MPPT method.
Returning value to the community through the All of Us Research Program Data Sandbox model
Authors: Cohn Elizabeth , Kleiman Frida Esther , Muhammad Shayaa , Jones S Scott , Pourkey Nakisa , Bier Louise 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
The All of Us Research Program aims to return value to participants by developing research capacity in communities. We describe a novel set of introductory exercises (Data Sandboxes) and specialized trainings to orient researchers to the Researcher Workbench to foster health equity research.

Materials and Methods
We developed a tailored training to familiarize researchers with the All of Us Research Program: (1) orientation, (2) tailored “data treasure hunt” using the Public Data Browser, and (3) overview of the analyses tools and platform.

Results
Participants’ pre- and post-knowledge of the contents and structure of the All of Us dataset scores increased significantly after training. These trainings effectively engaged researchers in exploring this rich dataset.

Conclusion
We describe ways of orienting and familiarizing a wide variety of researchers with the All of Us Research Program dataset, sparking their interest, and “jump-starting” their research.
Effects of thinning and ground cover plants on soil bacterial community composition and diversity in Picea asperata plantations within giant panda habitats
Authors: Tao Xiang , Xiao Qiuju , Shao Huanhuan , Tu Weiguo , Li Ling , Zhang Yuanbin , Jiang Hao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Forest thinning and ground cover plant management play crucial roles in habitat enhancement, yet their effects on soil microbiota remain poorly understood. This study examines their impact on soil properties and bacterial communities in artificial spruce forests (Picea asperata) within China’s Huangtuliang ecological corridor, a crucial habitat for giant pandas. Thinning significantly alters soil pH and total phosphorus (TP) levels, with minimal changes observed in total nitrogen (TN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN). The combined effect of thinning and ground cover presence increases soil organic carbon (SOC) to 65.47 g/kg, contrasting with its absence. Thinning enhances the abundance of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi while reducing Actinobacteria. Conversely, ground cover removal decreases Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes but increases Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia and Rokubacteria. These changes lead to reduced bacterial community diversity, as indicated by a lower Shannon diversity index and distinct community composition differences demonstrated through beta-diversity analysis. Soil pH, TP and MBN are crucial in maintaining bacterial community structure, with pH and TP exhibiting the strongest correlations. Network analysis confirms the significant influence of TP and pH on bacterial genera across various phyla. This study reveals the role of stochastic processes in high-elevation, low-temperature ecological corridors (R2 = 0.817), with thinning’s impact varying depending on the ground cover presence, thus enhancing effects post-removal by reducing dispersal limitation (migration rate, m = 0.96). These findings highlight the ecological implications of habitat management in sensitive ecosystems and advance our understanding of microbial dynamics in critical habitats.
Territorial Conflict in the Spotlight: Unveiling Paths to Territorial Clarity
Authors: Sanjaume-Calvet Marc , Daniels Lesley-Ann , Bossacoma Busquets Pau 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The tensions between centralization and autonomy inherent in territorial conflicts can give rise to entrenched positions and stalemate. This Federalism Monitor article describes an attempt in Catalonia to find new ways to resolve the Spanish-Catalan conflict over self-determination, which culminated in a referendum and unilateral declaration of independence in 2017, followed by a backlash by the central authorities, including the suspension of political autonomy. We summarize the context, contents, and potential impact of the Report on the Clarity Agreement (2024). Our analysis draws on our experiences as members of the plural and independent council of academic experts appointed by the Catalan Government to produce the report. This experience, we argue, can guide and inspire other experiences of conflict resolution by offering a description and analysis of this case, which has many generalizable features.
Association between food insecurity and long COVID in adults from southern Brazil: findings of the PAMPA cohort
Authors: Schröeder Natália , Feter Natan , Caputo Eduardo L , Delpino Felipe M , da Silva Luísa S , Rocha Juliana Q S , Paz Isabel de A , da Silva Carine N , da Cunha Larissa L , Vieira Yohana P , Reichert Felipe F , Silva Marcelo C , Rombaldi Airton J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Social and economic factors, such as food insecurity, contribute to long coronavirus disease (COVID). During the pandemic, a significant rise in food insecurity was observed, both in Brazil and worldwide. We aimed to investigate the association between food insecurity and long COVID in Brazilian adults.

Methods
Cross-sectional study nested within the Prospective study About Mental and Physical Health in Adults (PAMPA) Cohort. Participants completed an online questionnaire in June 2022. We assessed food insecurity using the Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity. Long COVID was defined as any post-coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms that persisted for at least 3 months after infection.

Results
A total of 956 participants were included (74.0% female, median age 36 (Interquartile Range [IQR] (29–45.7). The prevalence of food insecurity was 29.4%, and 77.8% had long COVID. Food insecurity was associated with an increased probability of long COVID (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.22). Participants in food insecurity situations had a higher likelihood of experiencing neurological (PR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.10–1.28), pulmonary (PR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.17–1.52) and gastrointestinal (PR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.31–1.88) symptoms after infection.

Conclusions
Food insecurity was associated with long COVID. Governments must plan public policies to mitigate the effects of long COVID and food insecurity.
Bayesian Inference Under the Multispecies Coalescent with Ancient DNA Sequences
Authors: Nagel Anna A , Flouri Tomáš , Yang Ziheng , Rannala Bruce 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Ancient DNA (aDNA) is increasingly being used to investigate questions such as the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of extant and extinct species. If aDNA samples are sufficiently old, expected branch lengths (in units of nucleotide substitutions) are reduced relative to contemporary samples. This can be accounted for by incorporating sample ages into phylogenetic analyses. Existing methods that use tip (sample) dates infer gene trees rather than species trees, which can lead to incorrect or biased inferences of the species tree. Methods using a multispecies coalescent (MSC) model overcome these issues. We developed an MSC model with tip dates and implemented it in the program BPP. The method performed well for a range of biologically realistic scenarios, estimating calibrated divergence times and mutation rates precisely. Simulations suggest that estimation precision can be best improved by prioritizing sampling of many loci and more ancient samples. Incorrectly treating ancient samples as contemporary in analyzing simulated data, mimicking a common practice of empirical analyses, led to large systematic biases in model parameters, including divergence times. Two genomic datasets of mammoths and elephants were analyzed, demonstrating the method’s empirical utility.
Comparative secured transactions law: how and to what extent do global standards affect the reform of Japanese inventory financing law
Authors: Aoki Noriyuki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Since March 2021 Japan has been undertaking official legislative discussions at the Committee of Secured Transactions Law Reform under the Legislative Council of the Ministry of Justice Japan to draft a statute of secured transactions of personal property. These discussions are now in their final stages. Enhancing the reliability and feasibility of security devices for inventory financing is the core purpose of the proposed legislation. As a result of policy-making decisions, the conventional Japanese security device of ownership transfer for security purposes will not be replaced by a new regime which reflects the modern principles originating from the UCC9 and illustrated in the UNCITRAL Model Law on Secured Transactions. However, the significance of such global standards in the context of Japanese law has been two-fold. First, they illustrate what conventional Japanese law achieves through its own alternative rules. Second, the Council Committee is likely to propose several changes to refresh our conventional security device by adding new principles which have traditionally been of less concern to Japanese practitioners. In this article, the author substantiates the influence of these global standards on Japanese legislation. This article focuses on the functional approach taken by the ownership transfer type security interest, the rules relevant to publicity of security interests as modified by the first-to-register-or-possession rule as suggested by global standards, the concept of aggregate of inventory as collateral as modified by registration to cover perfection in security interests in goods joining the aggregate after a debtor's dishonest disposition, and the assignment of accounts receivables accompanied with ownership transfer of inventory which may be viewed as functionally close to security interests in proceeds of inventory.
Digital therapeutics lead to clinically significant body weight loss in patients with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Albhaisi Somaya , Tondt Justin , Cyrus John , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Conroy David E. , Stine Jonathan G. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Most patients with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease are unable to achieve clinically significant body weight loss with traditional in-person approaches. Digital therapeutic (DTx)-delivered interventions offer promise to remove barriers to weight loss success inherent to traditional resource-heavy in-person programs and at a population level, but their efficacy remains relatively unknown.

Methods:
Published studies were identified through May 2023 by searching the following electronic databases: PubMed and Embase (Ovid). DTx intervention was compared to standard of care. The primary outcome was a change in body weight. Secondary outcomes included clinically significant body weight loss (≥5%) and change in liver enzymes.

Results:
Eight studies comprising 1001 patients met inclusion criteria (mean age: 47 y; body mass index: 33.2 kg/m2). The overall rate of clinically significant body weight loss was 33%, with DTx lifestyle interventions ranging from 4 to 24 months in length. DTx lifestyle intervention achieved statistically significant body weight loss (absolute change −3.4 kg, 95% CI: −4.8 to −2.0 kg, p < 0.01, relative change −3.9%, 95% CI: −6.6 to −1.3, p < 0.01) as well as clinically significant body weight loss of ≥5% (risk ratio: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.7–5.5, p < 0.01) compared to standard of care. This was seen alongside improvement in liver enzymes.

Conclusions:
DTx-delivered lifestyle intervention programs lead to greater amounts of body weight loss than traditional in-person lifestyle counseling. These results further support the role of DTx in delivering lifestyle intervention programs to patients with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease and suggest that this scalable intervention offers promise to benefit the billions of patients worldwide with this condition.