bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Immunohistochemical Study of Matrix Components in Early‐Stage Vascular Canals Within Mandibular Condylar Cartilage in Midterm Human Fetuses
Authors: Shibata Shunichi , Morita Tsuyoshi , Yokohama‐Tamaki Tamaki , Murakami Gen , Cho Baik Hwan 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTMatrix components of vascular canals (VCs) in human fetal mandibular condylar cartilage (15–16 weeks of gestation) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Prevascular canals (PVCs), consisting of spindle‐shaped cells without capillary invasion, were observed within the cartilage. Intense immunoreactivity for collagen type I, weak immunoreactivity for aggrecan and tenascin‐C, weak hyaluronan (HA) staining, and abundant argyrophilic fibers in PVCs indicated that they contain noncartilaginous fibrous connective tissues that was different from those in the perichondrium/periosteum. These structural and immunohistochemical features of PVCs are different from those of previously reported cartilage canals of the long bone. Capillaries entered the VCs from the periosteum and ascended through VCs. Following capillary invasion, loose connective tissue had formed in the lower part of VCs, and immunoreactivity for collagen types I and III, tenascin‐C, and HA staining was evident in the matrix of loose connective tissue. No chondroclasts or osteogenic cells were seen at the front of capillary invasion, although small, mononuclear tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive cells were present. Meanwhile, TRAP‐positive, multinucleated chondroclasts and flattened, osteoblast‐like cells were observed in the loose connective tissue at the lower part of VCs. These results may indicate slow progress of endochondral ossification in human fetal mandibular condyle. Further, unique matrix components in PVCs/VCs, which were different from those in cartilage canals in long bone, may reflect the difference of speed of endochondral ossification in cartilage canals and human fetal mandibular condyles. Anat Rec, 298:1560–1571, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IgG4‐Related Disease: Clinical and Laboratory Features in One Hundred Twenty‐Five Patients
Authors: Wallace Zachary S. , Deshpande Vikram , Mattoo Hamid , Mahajan Vinay S. , Kulikova Maria , Pillai Shiv , Stone John H. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveIgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is an immune‐mediated fibroinflammatory condition that can affect nearly any organ. Prior studies have focused on individual cases of IgG4‐RD or small case series. This study was undertaken to report detailed clinical and laboratory findings in a larger group of patients with IgG4‐RD whose diagnosis was established by strict clinicopathologic correlation.MethodsThe baseline features of 125 patients with biopsy‐proven IgG4‐RD were reviewed. The diagnosis was confirmed by pathologists’ review, based on consensus diagnostic criteria and correlation with clinicopathologic features. Disease activity and damage were assessed using the IgG4‐RD Responder Index (RI). Flow cytometry was used to assess levels of circulating plasmablasts.ResultsOf the 125 patients, 107 had active disease and 86 were not receiving treatment for IgG4‐RD. Only 51% of the patients with active disease had elevated serum IgG4 concentrations. However, patients with active disease and elevated serum IgG4 concentrations were older, had a higher IgG4‐RD RI score, a greater number of organs involved, lower complement levels, higher absolute eosinophil counts, and higher IgE levels compared to those with active disease but normal serum IgG4 concentrations (P < 0.01 for all comparisons). The correlation between IgG4+ plasmablast levels and the IgG4‐RD RI of disease activity (Spearman's ρ = 0.45, P = 0.003) was stronger than the correlation between total plasmablast levels and the IgG4‐RD RI. Seventy‐six (61%) of the patients were male, but no significant differences according to sex were observed with regard to disease severity, organ involvement, or serum IgG4 concentrations. Treatment with glucocorticoids failed to produce sustained remission in 77% of patients.ConclusionNearly 50% of this patient cohort with biopsy‐proven, clinically active IgG4‐RD had normal serum IgG4 concentrations. Elevations in the serum IgG4 concentration appeared to identify a subset of patients with a more severe disease phenotype. In addition, the levels of IgG4+ plasmablasts correlated well with the extent of disease activity.
Brief Report: Number of Circulating Follicular Helper 2 T Cells Correlates With IgG4 and Interleukin‐4 Levels and Plasmablast Numbers in IgG4‐Related Disease
Authors: Akiyama Mitsuhiro , Suzuki Katsuya , Yamaoka Kunihiro , Yasuoka Hidekata , Takeshita Masaru , Kaneko Yuko , Kondo Harumi , Kassai Yoshiaki , Miyazaki Takahiro , Morita Rimpei , Yoshimura Akihiko , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo elucidate the pathologic role of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and their subsets in active, untreated IgG4‐related disease.MethodsFifteen patients with active, untreated, biopsy‐proven IgG4‐related disease, 24 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), 12 patients with allergic rhinitis, and 23 healthy controls were evaluated. Tfh cells were defined as CD3+CD4+CXCR5+CD45RA– cells. Circulating Tfh cell subsets among CXCR5+CD45RA–CD4+ T cells were defined as Tfh17 cells (CXCR3–CCR6+), Tfh1 cells (CXCR3+CCR6–), or Tfh2 cells (CXCR3–CCR6–). CD19+CD20–CD27+CD38+ cells were defined as plasmablasts. Serum cytokine levels (interleukin‐4 [IL‐4], IL‐10, IL‐21, and IL‐33) were measured by cytometric bead array or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsPatients with IgG4‐related disease had significantly increased levels of Tfh2 cells compared to healthy controls or patients with primary SS or allergic rhinitis. Increased Tfh2 levels were strongly associated with increased serum IgG4 levels and the IgG4:IgG ratio in IgG4‐related disease. A positive correlation was observed between Tfh2 counts, plasmablast counts, and serum IL‐4 levels. Interestingly, levels of plasmablasts and serum IL‐4 and IgG4 decreased after treatment with glucocorticoids, whereas no obvious change was observed in Tfh2 cell counts.ConclusionThe Tfh2 cell count was specifically increased in IgG4‐related disease and was correlated with elevated serum levels of IgG4 and IL‐4 and plasmablast counts. Tfh2 cells were the only component that was not affected by glucocorticoid treatment, suggesting that Tfh2 cells are the cell type implicated in IgG4‐related disease.
Differential Development of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in NZM 2328 Mice Deficient in Discrete Pairs of BAFF Receptors
Authors: Jacob Chaim O. , Yu Ning , Sindhava Vishal , Cancro Michael P. , Pawar Rahul D. , Putterman Chaim , Stohl William 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo determine the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in NZM 2328 (NZM) mice deficient in 2 BAFF receptors.MethodsNZM.BR‐3–/–.BCMA–/–, NZM.BR‐3–/–.TACI–/–, and NZM.BCMA–/–.TACI–/– mice were evaluated on the clinical, pathologic, serologic, and cellular levels. BAFF receptor expression and lymphocyte phenotype were assessed by flow cytometry, IgG‐secreting cells by enzyme‐linked immunospot assay, B cell responsiveness to BAFF and generation of Treg cells by in vitro culture, serum BAFF and total IgG and IgG autoantibody levels by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, renal immunopathology by immunofluorescence and histologic analyses, and clinical disease by assessment of proteinuria and mortality.ResultsRenal immunopathology and clinical disease were attenuated in NZM.BR‐3–/–.BCMA–/– and NZM.BR‐3–/–.TACI–/– mice but were accelerated in NZM.BCMA–/–.TACI–/– mice. Accelerated disease was associated with increases in B cells, IgG‐secreting cells, serum autoantibody levels, and T cells (especially CD4+ activated memory cells), whereas attenuated disease was associated with reductions in many of these parameters. Serum BAFF levels were increased in all double‐deficient NZM mice. Exogenous BAFF promoted the in vitro survival of B cells from NZM.BCMA–/–.TACI–/– or NZM wild‐type mice but not those from NZM.BR‐3–/–.BCMA–/– or NZM.BR‐3–/–.TACI–/– mice. In vitro generation of Treg cells was reduced in NZM.BCMA–/–.TACI–/– mice, but not in NZM.BR‐3–/–.BCMA–/– or NZM.BR‐3–/–.TACI–/– mice.ConclusionElimination of B lymphocyte stimulator receptor 3 (BR‐3) and TACI or BR‐3 and BCMA inhibits the development of SLE in NZM mice. Selective targeting of BR‐3 plus TACI or BR‐3 plus BCMA may be an efficacious therapeutic approach in human SLE.
A computer simulation in mechanics teaching and learning: A case study in circular motions
Authors: Lee Wei‐Pin , Hwan Chung‐Li 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA computer simulation program has been developed and is used in teaching and learning for circular motions. The program can illustrate a moving particle with its position, velocity, and acceleration. It can also draw the angular position‐time figure, angular velocity‐time figure, and angular acceleration‐time figure. Students were divided into 4 groups: A, B, C, and D. Group A used only traditional teaching methods without computer simulations. Group B used 20% of class time to see demos of the computer simulations that were controlled by instructors only. Group C used 20% of the class time in using the simulation programs which were controlled by the individual student. Group D used 20% of the class time to see demos controlled by the instructors and complete an in‐class handout that was closely related to the simulations. The results showed that Students in Groups B, C, and D did better on the examination. This suggested that the computer simulations helped students understand the motions more clearly. Students in group D had the best test scores and the most positive responses to the teaching and learning. This suggested that a handout closely related to the computer simulations would greatly help students understand the topic more precisely. Only students in Group C could control the simulation by themselves, but the learning result of Group C was not the best. This suggested that many students did not know how to learn through interaction with computers. Most of the students learn more from the demos controlled by the instructors and a closely related handout. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:865–871, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21658
A friendly online C compiler to improve programming skills based on student self‐assessment
Authors: Cedazo Raquel , Garcia Cena Cecilia E. , Al‐Hadithi Basil Mohammed 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an online C compiler designed so that students can program their practical assignments in Programming courses. What is really innovative is the self‐assessment of the exercises based on black‐box tests and train students’ skill to test software. Moreover, this tool lets instructors, not only proposing and classifying practical exercises, but also evaluating automatically the efforts dedicated and the results obtained by the students. The system has been applied to the 1st‐year students at the Industrial Engineering specialization at the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid. Results show that the students obtained better academic performance, reducing the failure rate in the practical exam considerably with respect to previous years, in addition that an anonymous survey proved that students are satisfied with the system because they get instant feedback about their programs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:887–896, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21660.
Why is young maternal age at first childbirth a risk factor for persistent delinquency in their male offspring? Examining the role of family and parenting factors
Authors: van Vugt Eveline , Loeber Rolf , Pardini Dustin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundChildren born to mothers who were younger than average at their first childbirth are at increased risk for future persistent delinquent behaviour, but explanations for this remain unclear.AimsOur aim was to identify possible family and parenting variables that may help explain this relationship. We hypothesised that parental stress, large number of children in the home, low socioeconomic status (including neighbourhood problems) and poor parenting would account for the link between early first motherhood and their offspring's delinquency.MethodsFour hundred and sixty‐two boys were selected from the Pittsburgh Youth Study, a longitudinal study of a random sample of school boys in Pittsburgh, initially assessed half‐yearly and then annually from 7 to 19 years of age, using self‐reporting and other reporting methods. Indirect effect models were used to test relationships between variables.ResultsHigher levels of parental stress, poorer parent–child communication and caring for a larger number of children all mediated the relationship between maternal youth and persistent delinquency by their boys, but only explained about 20% of it.DiscussionAt least partial explanations of the relationship between a mother's age at first childbirth and persistent delinquency in her male offspring suggest that future research should test whether early interventions with younger mothers to decrease their sense of stress in parenting and improve their capacity for communication with their child(ren) may help to prevent persistent delinquency in their boys. Programmes designed to help young women make more informed and planned decisions about their pregnancies should also be evaluated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case of myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN) successfully treated with lenalidomide
Authors: Islam Anwarul 
Published: May 2015

Key Clinical MessageLenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug which is used to treat patients with MDS with deletion 5q chromosomal abnormality. In 2008, WHO introduced a new disease entity called MDS/MPN. No specific treatment for MDS/MPN subtype has yet been identified. We report a patient with MDS/MPN who responded well to lenalidomide therapy.
A multifaceted approach to calcium channel blocker overdose: a case report and literature review
Authors: Burkes Robert , Wendorf Gregg 
Published: May 2015

Key Clinical MessageCalcium channel blocker toxicity can be devastating. Initial therapy with fluid, calcium, and adrenoreceptor agonists should be prompt and novel therapies can be added if no response. Determining cardiogenic shock versus vasoplegia with echocardiogram or other hemodynamic monitoring may guide treatment options.
Building Electron‐Precise BoronBoron Single Bonds: Imposing Monogamy on a Promiscuous Element
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Dewhurst Rian D. , Mozo Silvia 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe construction of BB bonds has recently become a major goal in synthetic chemistry owing to the intense interest in diboranes(4) as reagents for organic chemistry. Historically, synthetic methods suitable for this transformation are rare and most come with significant disadvantages. This article summarizes recent efforts by our group and others to provide new, mild, functional‐group‐tolerant, and convenient synthetic methods for the formation of electron‐precise BB single bonds.
Gold‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization and Diels–Alder Reaction of 1,4,9‐Dienyne Esters to 3 a,6‐Methanoisoindole Esters with Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokine Antagonist Activity
Authors: Susanti Dewi , Liu Li‐Juan , Rao Weidong , Lin Sheng , Ma Dik‐Lung , Leung Chung‐Hang , Chan Philip Wai Hong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA synthetic method to prepare 3a,6‐methanoisoindole esters efficiently by gold(I)‐catalyzed tandem 1,2‐acyloxy migration/Nazarov cyclization followed by Diels–Alder reaction of 1,4,9‐dienyne esters is described. We also report the ability of one example to inhibit binding of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) to the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) site and TNF‐α‐induced nuclear factor κ‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) activation in cell at a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 6.6 μM. Along with this is a study showing the isoindolyl derivative to exhibit low toxicity toward human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells and its possible mode of activity based on molecular modeling analysis.
Aromatic Interactions in Organocatalyst Design: Augmenting Selectivity Reversal in Iminium Ion Activation
Authors: Holland Mareike C. , Metternich Jan Benedikt , Daniliuc Constantin , Schweizer W. Bernd , Gilmour Ryan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Ryan Gilmour at the Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster. The image depicts how the modes of stereoinduction differ for­ N‐methylpyrrole to­ N‐methylindole. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201500270.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Crystal and Powder Neutron Diffraction Study of the FexMn1‐xS Solid Solutions.
Authors: Abramova Galina , Schefer Juerg , Aliouane Nadir , Boehm Martin , Petrakovskiy German , Vorotynov Alexandr , Gorev Mikhail , Bovina Asya , Sokolov Vladimir 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSingle crystals of the α‐MnS‐based FexMn1‐xS (x = 0‐0.3) solid solutions are prepared and shown to be new Mott materials with the rock salt structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvothermal Syntheses and Characterizations of Selenidostannate Salts of Transition Metal Complex Cations: Conformational Flexibility of the Lamellar [Sn3Se72‐]n Anion.
Authors: Lu Jialin , Shen Yali , Wang Fang , Tang Chunying , Zhang Yong , Jia Dingxian 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCompounds (IV), (V), and (VII) are solvothermally prepared and characterized by single crystal XRD and UV/VIS spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, Optical and Theoretical Studies of the Actinide Thiophosphates SrU(PS4)2, BaU(PS4)2, and SrTh(PS4)2.
Authors: Mesbah Adel , Prakash Jai , Beard Jessica C. , Lebegue Sebastien , Malliakas Christos D. , Ibers James A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSrU(PS4)2 (I), BaU(PS4)2 (II), and SrTh(PS4)2 (III) are prepared by high‐temperature solid state reactions of Sr (Ba), U or Th, P2S5, S, and excess CsCl as a flux (C‐coated evacuated silica tube, 1123 K, 96 h, 70 wt% yield for (I) and (III) and 10 wt.% yield (II)).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Controlled Ring‐Opening of Siloxydifluorocyclopropanes: A Versatile Route to Cyclic Fluoroketones.
Authors: Kageshima Yoshiya , Suzuki Chiharu , Oshiro Kojun , Amii Hideki 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe method allows for the formation of gem‐difluorinated cycloalkanones and monofluorinated cycloenones.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolidine—Diaminomethylenemalononitrile Organocatalyst for Solvent‐Free Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Nakashima Kosuke , Hirashima Shin‐ichi , Akutsu Hiroshi , Koseki Yuji , Tada Norihiro , Itoh Akichika , Miura Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe use of the title catalyst (PMN) allows the synthesis of aldol adducts with up to 99% ee.
ChemInform Abstract: AgF‐Mediated Fluorinative Cross‐Coupling of Two Olefins: Facile Access to α‐CF3 Alkenes and β‐CF3 Ketones.
Authors: Gao Bing , Zhao Yanchuan , Hu Jinbo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn AgF‐mediated fluorination with a concomitant cross‐coupling between a gem‐difluoroolefin and a non‐fluorinated olefin is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Direct Arylation of Fused 3‐Nitropyridines and Other Nitro‐Substituted Heteroarenes: The Multipurpose Nature of the Nitro Group as a Directing Group.
Authors: Iaroshenko Viktor O. , Gevorgyan Ashot , Mkrtchyan Satenik , Grigoryan Tatevik , Movsisyan Ester , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe nitro group acts as directing group in the Pd‐catalyzed arylation and as leaving group in the cyclization reaction of compound (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: ZnCl2‐Promoted One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of Multisubstituted Thiazolo[4,5‐b]pyridines and Thieno[2,3‐b:4,5‐b′]dipyridines.
Authors: Luo Laichun , Meng Lanlan , Peng Yangqiu , Xing Yongning , Sun Qi , Ge Zemei , Li Runtao 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe reaction involves a tandem SN2 alkylation/Thorpe—Ziegler cyclization/Friedlaender reaction, which allows the creation of two hetero rings and four new bonds in a single operation.
ChemInform Abstract: An Alternative Mechanism for the Cobalt‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Terminal Alkenes to (Z)‐2‐Alkenes.
Authors: Schmidt Anastasia , Noedling Alexander R. , Hilt Gerhard 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe cobalt‐catalyzed selective isomerization of terminal alkenes to the thermodynamically less‐stable (Z)‐2‐alkenes at ambient temperatures takes place by a new mechanism involving the transfer of a hydrogen atom from a Ph2PH ligand to the starting material and the formation of a phosphenium complex, which recycles the Ph2PH complex through a 1,2‐H shift.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Terminal Allenes Through Copper‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling of Ethyne with N‐Tosylhydrazones or α‐Diazoesters.
Authors: Ye Fei , Wang Chengpeng , Ma Xiaoshen , Hossain Mohammad Lokman , Xia Ying , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe required N‐tosylhydrazones (I) and (V) are easily prepared from the corresponding ketones and aldehydes and they are stable and easy to purify.
ChemInform Abstract: Bi(OTf)3‐Catalyzed One‐Step Catalytic Synthesis of N‐Boc or N‐Cbz Protected α‐Branched Amines.
Authors: Jaratjaroonphong Jaray , Tuengpanya Surisa , Ruengsangtongkul Sureeporn 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA one‐pot, three‐component aza‐Friedel‐Crafts reaction of electron‐rich arenes with a variety of aldehydes and tert‐butyl or benzyl carbamate provides an efficient method for preparation of N‐protected α‐branched amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of High Surface Area Mixed Metal Oxide from the NiMgAl LDH Precursor for Nitro‐Aldol Condensation Reaction.
Authors: Bharali Dipshikha , Devi Rasna , Bharali Pankaj , Deka Ramesh C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTitle catalysts are synthesized and shown to have high catalytic activity towards nitro‐aldol condensation reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Easily Accessible TADDOL‐Derived Bisphosphonite Ligands: Synthesis and Application in the Asymmetric Hydroformylation of Vinylarenes.
Authors: Allmendinger Simon , Kinuta Hirotaka , Breit Bernhard 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAsymmetric hydroformylation of vinylarenes (I) is accomplished by using a rhodium catalyst with a TADDOL‐derived bisphosphonite ligand after preforming.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Oxidative Radical Addition of Carbonyl Compounds to α,α‐Diaryl Allylic Alcohols: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Ketones.
Authors: Chu Xue‐Qiang , Meng Hua , Zi You , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Ji Shun‐Jun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCyclic and acyclic alkyl and aryl ketones, esters, lactones, carbonates, amides, and formamides as well as lactams react with symmetric and non‐symmetric α,α‐diaryl allylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Aromatic Trifluoromethylthiolation with the Second Generation of Trifluoromethanesulfenamide.
Authors: Alazet Sebastien , Billard Thierry 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe trifluoromethylthiolation succeeds for variously substituted aromatic and hetaromatic compounds including substrates with deactivating substituents and hitherto unsuccessfully applied alkyl or nitro group containing ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Steric vis‐a‐vis Electronic Influence of Phosphines on Biaryl Motif: Ligand Design for Coupling Reactions with Chloroarenes.
Authors: Saha Debajyoti , Ghosh Raju , Dutta Ranjan , Mandal Achintya Kumar , Sarkar Amitabha 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSix new 1‐aryl‐pyrazole/pyrrole derived ligands are synthesized and evaluated in Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura and Hiyama coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Biaryl Chlorides/Iodides by a Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Sequential Halogenation Strategy.
Authors: Mori Keiji , Kobayashi Manato , Itakura Tsubasa , Akiyama Takahiko 
Published: May 2015

AbstractChiral biaryl halogenides [(II) and (IV)] are synthesized with high enantioselectivities by chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric iodination or chlorination followed by kinetic resolution‐type asymmetric bromination.