bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsed, cross‐shelf export of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon to the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Fichot Cédric G. , Lohrenz Steven E. , Benner Ronald 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe export of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon (tDOC) and other river‐borne material across the continental shelf boundary has important ramifications for biological productivity and the cycling of continentally derived bioelements in the ocean. Recent studies revealed the 275–295 nm spectral slope coefficient of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), S275–295, is a reliable tracer for terrigenous dissolved organic carbon (tDOC) in river‐influenced ocean margins. Here an empirical algorithm for the accurate retrieval of S275–295 from ocean color was developed and validated using in situ optical properties collected seasonally in the northern Gulf of Mexico. This study also demonstrated S275–295 is a robust proxy for tDOC concentration in this environment, thereby providing a means to derive surface tDOC concentrations on synoptic scales and in quasi‐real time using remote sensing. The resulting tDOC‐algorithm was implemented using Aqua‐MODIS in a retrospective analysis of surface tDOC concentrations over the northern Gulf of Mexico between July 2002 and June 2013. Large pulses of tDOC were observed in continental‐slope surface waters off the Mississippi River delta, indicating cross‐shelf export of tDOC was sporadic and exhibited considerable interannual variability. Favorable winds following an anomalously high discharge from the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya river system always coincided with a major export event, and in general, cross‐shelf export was enhanced during years of anomalously high discharge. The tDOC‐algorithm will find applicability in the assessment of future climate‐ and human‐induced changes in tDOC export, in biogeochemical models of the continental shelf, and in the validation of high‐resolution coastal models of buoyancy‐driven shelf circulation.
Satellite observations of CO2 from a highly elliptical orbit for studies of the Arctic and boreal carbon cycle
Authors: Nassar Ray , Sioris Chris E. , Jones Dylan B. A. , McConnell John C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHere we report on an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) to compare the efficacy of near‐infrared satellite observations of CO2 from a highly elliptical orbit (HEO) and a low Earth orbit (LEO), for constraining Arctic and boreal CO2 sources and sinks. The carbon cycle at these latitudes (~50–90°N) is primarily driven by the boreal forests, but increasing anthropogenic activity and the effects of climate change such as thawing of permafrost throughout this region could also have an important role in the coming years. A HEO enables quasi‐geostationary observations of Earth's northern high latitudes, which are not observed from a geostationary orbit. The orbit and observing characteristics for the HEO mission are based on the Weather, Climate and Air quality (WCA) concept proposed for the Polar Communications and Weather (PCW) mission, while those for the LEO mission are based on the Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). Two WCA instrument configurations were investigated. Adopting the Optimal configuration yielded an observation data set that gave annual Arctic and boreal regional terrestrial biospheric CO2 flux uncertainties an average of 30% lower than those from GOSAT, while a smaller instrument configuration resulted in uncertainties averaging 20% lower than those from GOSAT. For either WCA instrument configuration, much greater reductions in uncertainty occur for spring, summer, and autumn than for winter, with Optimal flux uncertainties for June–August nearly 50% lower than from GOSAT. These findings demonstrate that CO2 observations from HEO offer significant advantages over LEO for constraining CO2 fluxes from the Arctic and boreal regions.
Impacts of salt marsh plants on tidal channel initiation and inheritance
Authors: Schwarz C. , Ye Q. H. , van der Wal D. , Zhang L. Q. , Bouma T. , Ysebaert T. , Herman P. M. J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAt the transition between mudflat and salt marsh, vegetation is traditionally regarded as a sustaining factor for previously incised mudflat channels, able to conserve the channel network via bank stabilization following plant colonization (i.e., vegetation‐stabilized channel inheritance). This is in contrast to recent studies revealing vegetation as the main driver of tidal channel emergence through vegetation‐induced channel erosion. We present a coupled hydrodynamic morphodynamic plant growth model to simulate plant expansion and channel formation by our model species (Spartina alterniflora) during a mudflat‐salt marsh transition with various initial bathymetries (flat, shoal dense, shoal sparse, and deep dense channels). This simulated landscape development is then compared to remote sensing images of the Yangtze estuary, China, and the Scheldt estuary in Netherlands. Our results propose the existence of a threshold in preexisting mudflat channel depth, which favors either vegetation‐stabilized channel inheritance or vegetation‐induced channel erosion processes. The increase in depth of preexisting mudflat channels favors flow routing through them, consequently leaving less flow and momentum remaining for vegetation‐induced channel erosion processes. This threshold channel depth will be influenced by field specific parameters such as hydrodynamics (tidal range and flow), sediment characteristics, and plant species. Hence, our study shows that the balance between vegetation‐stabilized channel inheritance and vegetation‐induced channel erosion depends on ecosystem properties.
Conductive Transparent TiNx/TiO2 Hybrid Films Deposited on Plastics in Air Using Atmospheric Plasma Processing
Authors: Dong Siming , Watanabe Makoto , Dauskardt Reinhold H. 
Published: January 2014

The successful deposition of conductive transparent TiNx/TiO2 hybrid films on both polycarbonate and silicon substrates from a titanium ethoxide precursor is demonstrated in air using atmospheric plasma processing equipped with a high‐temperature precursor delivery system. The hybrid film chemical composition, deposition rates, optical and electrical properties along with the adhesion energy to the polycarbonate substrate are investigated as a function of plasma power and plasma gas composition. The film is a hybrid of amorphous and crystalline rutile titanium oxide phases and amorphous titanium nitride that depend on the processing conditions. The visible transmittance increases from 71% to 83% with decreasing plasma power and increasing nitrogen content of the plasma gas. The film resistivity is in the range of ∼8.5 × 101 to 2.4 × 105 ohm cm. The adhesion energy to the polycarbonate substrate varies from ∼1.2 to 8.5 J/m2 with increasing plasma power and decreasing plasma gas nitrogen content. Finally, annealing the film or introducing hydrogen to the primary plasma gas significantly affects the composition and decreases thin‐film resistivity.
Helminths and human ancestral immune ecology: What is the evidence for high helminth loads among foragers?
Authors: London Douglas , Hruschka Daniel 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesRecent theories of human immune ecology have invoked high helminth loads as an important selection factor among early humans. However, few studies have assessed this assumption among extant human foragers.MethodsWe review the current evidence for high helminth loads in documented forager populations and present new data from members of a Kawymeno Waorani forager group in Amazonian Ecuador (n = 16) compared with neighboring Kichwa subsistence farmers (n = 63).ResultsStool samples indicated a near absence of helminths among the Kawymeno foraging group (6.25% with Ascaris lumbricoides and 0% with Ancylostoma duodenale or Trichuris trichiura). In contrast neighboring, isolated Kichwa subsistence farmers in a similar ecosystem had abundant helminth infestations (76.1% with Ascaris lumbricoides, 11.1% with Ancylostoma duodenale, and 1.5% with Trichuris trichiura). The presence of helminths among the Waorani and Kichwa was triangulated across multiple data sources, including presence in stool samples, medical exams, and 3 years of participant observation.ConclusionsThese findings, coupled with the modern forager literature, raise questions as to whether helminths were prevalent enough in Paleolithic humans to be a unique evolutionary selective force in human physiology. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:124–129, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increasing breadth of the frontal lobe but decreasing height of the human brain between two Chinese samples from a Neolithic site and from living humans
Authors: Liu Chao , Tang Yuchun , Ge Haitao , Wang Fen , Sun Huafu , Meng Haiwei , Wang Shaoyu , Xu Junhai , Fan Rong , Fan Lingzhong , Zhang Zhonghe , Shan Tao , Yuan Hongtu , Zhan Jinfeng , Yu Qiaowen , Ge Xinting , Tang Haiyan , Leng Yuan , Ding Shihai , Liu Shuwei 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTMorphological observation and measurements of endocasts have played a vital role in research on the evolution of the human brain. However, endocasts have never been used to investigate how the human brain has evolved since the Neolithic period. We investigated the evolution of the human brain during the Holocene by comparing virtual endocasts from Beiqian site (a Neolithic Chinese site) and a sample of Chinese modern‐day humans. Standardized measurements and indices were taken to provide quantification of the overall endocast shape, including the length, breadth, height, frontal breadth, and the ratio of frontal breadth to breadth, as well as the cranial capacity. We found that the height of the endocasts and cranial capacity have decreased between our two samples, whereas the frontal breadth and sexual dimorphism have increased. We argue that these changes can be caused by random genetic mutation and epigenetic change in response to changes in the environment. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:94–103, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetische TiO2‐Nanokomposite zur spektroskopischen Identifizierung und zum Abbau toxischer Aniline und Phenole
Authors: Han Xiao Xia , Chen Lei , Kuhlmann Uwe , Schulz Claudia , Weidinger Inez M. , Hildebrandt Peter 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBenzidin und seine Derivate können im menschlichen Körper zu krebserregenden Aminen umgewandelt werden. Aus diesem Grund wird den potentiellen Risiken (z. B. Blasenkrebs) bei Kontakt mit kommerziell erhältlichen Benzidin‐haltigen und analogen Farbstoffen wachsende Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt.1, 2 Einige Phenolderivate, die in der Herstellung alltäglicher Produkte eingesetzt werden, haben Ähnlichkeiten mit hormonaktiven Stoffen und erhöhen möglicherweise das Brustkrebsrisiko.3, 4 In der hier vorgestellten Arbeit haben wir zum ersten Mal multifunktionale Nanokomposite konstruiert, die den hochempfindlichen Nachweis, die Manipulation und lichtinduzierte Zersetzung toxischer Benzidin‐ und Phenolderivate ermöglichen. Magnetische TiO2‐Nanokomposite (M‐TiO2‐NCs) wurden synthetisiert und mit p‐Aminothiophenol (PATP) zur Bindung der Zielmoleküle über eine Azo‐Kupplung funktionalisiert. Anhand der spezifischen spektroskopischen Signaturen in den oberflächenverstärkten Resonanz‐Raman‐Spektren (SERRS; surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering) der Azoprodukte war es möglich, zielgerichtet toxische Aniline und Phenole zu identifizieren und schließlich deren Azoprodukte an der TiO2‐Oberfläche photokatalytisch abzubauen, ein Prozess, der zudem durch Ausnutzung der Plasmonenresonanz eingebetteter Ag‐Partikel verstärkt werden konnte.
Minimal Tags for Rapid Dual‐Color Live‐Cell Labeling and Super‐Resolution Microscopy
Authors: Nikić Ivana , Plass Tilman , Schraidt Oliver , Szymański Jędrzej , Briggs John A. G. , Schultz Carsten , Lemke Edward A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe growing demands of advanced fluorescence and super‐resolution microscopy benefit from the development of small and highly photostable fluorescent probes. Techniques developed to expand the genetic code permit the residue‐specific encoding of unnatural amino acids (UAAs) armed with novel clickable chemical handles into proteins in living cells. Here we present the design of new UAAs bearing strained alkene side chains that have improved biocompatibility and stability for the attachment of tetrazine‐functionalized organic dyes by the inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder cycloaddition (SPIEDAC). Furthermore, we fine‐tuned the SPIEDAC click reaction to obtain an orthogonal variant for rapid protein labeling which we termed selectivity enhanced (se) SPIEDAC. seSPIEDAC and SPIEDAC were combined for the rapid labeling of live mammalian cells with two different fluorescent probes. We demonstrate the strength of our method by visualizing insulin receptors (IRs) and virus‐like particles (VLPs) with dual‐color super‐resolution microscopy.
Evaluation of the properties of bitumen modified by SBS copolymers with different styrene–butadiene structure
Authors: Zhang Qinqin , Wang Tiezhu , Fan Weiyu , Ying Yang , Wu Yumin 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTFour styrene–butadiene–styrene(SBS) modified bitumens had been prepared by a base bitumen, a crosslinking agent and four SBS copolymers which differ in styrene blocks content and molecular configuration (radial or linear) under the same experimental conditions. Conventional properties, morphology, thermal behavior and microstructure were investigated by means of conventional tests, fluorescence microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. In terms of linear SBS polymers, the SBS molecule with the styrene content of 30% has a perfect dispersion and complete stretching in bitumen matrix, and in this case, the conventional properties and thermal stability of bitumen are enhanced substantially. However, the star SBS polymer due to long branched chains forming the preferable steric hindrance to enhance the intensity of base bitumen, plays a more important role in improving the conventional properties of base bitumen than linear SBS polymers. Furthermore, the FT‐IR spectra indicate that, the main bands assignations of four modified bitumens are identical and the significant variation is the peak intensity. And a noncomplete crosslinking reaction happens between the bitumen and each SBS polymer, which can efficiently prevent excessive cross‐linking from affecting the intrinsic bitumen characteristics. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40398.
Identification and Biosynthesis of New Acyloins from the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermosporothrix hazakensis SK20‐1T
Authors: Park Jin‐Soo , Kagaya Noritaka , Hashimoto Junko , Izumikawa Miho , Yabe Shuhei , Shin‐ya Kazuo , Nishiyama Makoto , Kuzuyama Tomohisa 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTwo new acyloin compounds were isolated from the thermophilic bacterium Thermosporothrix hazakensis SK20‐1T. Genome sequencing of the bacterium and biochemical studies identified the thiamine diphosphate (TPP)‐dependent enzyme Thzk0150, which is involved in the formation of acyloin. Through extensive analysis of the Thzk0150‐catalyzed reaction products, we propose a putative reaction mechanism involving two substrates: 4‐methyl‐2‐oxovalerate as an acyl donor and phenyl pyruvate as an acyl acceptor.
Ebselen exhibits glycation‐inhibiting properties and protects against osmotic fragility of human erythrocytes in vitro
Authors: Soares Julio C. M. , Folmer Vanderlei , Da Rocha João B. T. , Nogueira Cristina W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDiabetic status is associated with an increase on oxidative stress markers in humans and animal models. We have investigated the in vitro effects of high concentrations of glucose on the profile of oxidative stress and osmotic fragility of blood from control and diabetic patients; we considered whether its antioxidant properties could afford some protection against glucose‐induced osmotic fragility, and whether ebselen could act as an inhibitor of hemoglobin glycation. Raising blood glucose to 5–100 mmol/L resulted in a concentration‐dependent increase of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; P < 0.001) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBA‐RS) content (P < 0.004). Non‐protein SH groups (NPSH) also increased significantly as the concentration of glucose increased up to 30 mmol/L (P < 0.001). The osmotic fragility was more pronounced in blood of uncontrolled diabetic patients than in these non‐diabetic subjects. Ebselen significantly reduced the glucose‐induced increase in osmotic fragility and inhibited HbA1c formation (P < 0.0001). These results indicate that blood from patients with uncontrolled diabetes are more sensitive to osmotic shock than from patients with controlled diabetes and control subjects in relation to increased production of free radicals in vivo.
Thrombotic microangiopathy in metastatic melanoma patients treated with adoptive cell therapy and total body irradiation
Authors: Tseng Jennifer , Citrin Deborah E. , Waldman Meryl , White Donald E. , Rosenberg Steven A. , Yang James C. 
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUNDThrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a complication that developed in some patients receiving 12 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) in addition to lymphodepleting preparative chemotherapy prior to infusion of autologous tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) with high‐dose aldesleukin (IL‐2). This article describes the incidence, presentation, and course of radiation‐associated TMA.METHODSThe data for patients with metastatic melanoma who received ACT with TIL plus aldesleukin following myeloablative chemotherapy and 12‐Gy TBI was examined, in order to look at patient characteristics and the natural history of TMA.RESULTSThe median time to presentation was approximately 8 months after completing TBI. The estimated cumulative incidence of TMA was 31.2% (median follow‐up of 24 months). Noninvasive criteria for diagnosis included newly elevated creatinine levels, new‐onset hypertension, new‐onset anemia, microscopic hematuria, thrombocytopenia, low haptoglobin, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase values. Once diagnosed, patients were managed with control of their hypertension with multiple agents and supportive red blood cell transfusions. TMA typically stabilized or improved and no patient progressed to dialysis. TMA was associated with a higher probability of an antitumor response.CONCLUSIONSTMA occurs in approximately a third of patients treated with a lymphodepleting preparative chemotherapy regimen with TBI prior to autologous T cell therapy. The disease has a variable natural history, however, no patient developed end‐stage renal failure. Successful management with supportive care and aggressive hypertension control is vital to the safe application of a systemic therapy that has shown curative potential for patients with disseminated melanoma. Cancer 2014;120:1426–1432. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
A Chemosensor Bearing Sulfonyl Azide Moieties for Selective Chromo‐Fluorogenic Hydrogen Sulfide Recognition in Aqueous Media and in Living Cells
Authors: Santos‐Figueroa Luis E. , de laTorre Cristina , El Sayed Sameh , Sancenón Félix , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Costero Ana M. , Gil Salvador , Parra Margarita 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA simple chemodosimeter based on a sulfonyl azide dye (1‐Az), which displayed a highly selective response toward hydrogen sulfide anion in mixed aqueous media, was synthesised and characterised. Addition of hydrogen sulfide to acetonitrile/HEPES 1:1 solutions of 1‐Az induced a clear colour change from red‐orange to yellow, which was easily detected by the naked eye, and by an enhancement in the emission intensity. Other common anions, thiol‐containing biomolecules and oxidants did not induce any noticeable colour or fluorescence modulation in the probe. The chemodosimeter also showed a good sensitivity, with limits of detection of 11.91 and 0.63 μM by using UV/Vis or fluorescence measurements, respectively. Moreover, 1‐Az could be used for real‐time fluorescence imaging of intracellular HS– at micromolar concentrations.
Total Syntheses of Cochliomycin B and Zeaenol
Authors: Gao Yangguang , Liu Jun , Wang Linlin , Xiao Ming , Du Yuguo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDivergent syntheses of two 14‐membered resorcylic acid lactones (RALs), cochliomycin B (6) and zeaenol (22), have been accomplished. The key feature in our strategy was the facile construction of three contiguous stereogenic centers in the title molecules by using natural L‐arabinose as the chiral template. The key reactions included Takai olefination, Suzuki cross coupling, transesterification, and a late‐stage ring‐closing metathesis (RCM).
Lewis Acid Assisted Decomplexation of F‐BODIPYs to Dipyrrins
Authors: Lakshmi Vellanki , Chatterjee Tamal , Ravikanth Mangalampalli 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA simple synthetic route was developed for the decomplexation of F‐BODIPYs (fluorine‐substituted boron–dipyrromethenes) to afford dipyrrins in high yields. This was achieved by treating the F‐BODIPYs with different Lewis acids such as ZrCl4, TiCl4, AlCl3, Sc(OTf)3, or SnCl4 in CH3CN/CH3OH under refluxing conditions. This synthetic strategy was efficient for different types of F‐BODIPYs such as meso‐aryl‐substituted BODIPYs, 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPYs, functionalized 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPYs, π‐extended pyrrolyl BODIPYs, sterically crowded BODIPYs, and the BF2 complex of 25‐oxasmaragdyrin.
Delayed delivery from the sediment factory: modeling the impact of catchment response time to tectonics on sediment flux and fluvio‐deltaic stratigraphy
Authors: Forzoni Andrea , Storms Joep E.A. , Whittaker Alexander C. , de Jager Gerben 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe sediment flux from a catchment is driven by tectonics and climate but is moderated by the geomorphic response of the landscape system to changes in these two boundary conditions. Consequently, catchment response time and the non‐linear behavior of landscapes in response to boundary condition change control the downstream propagation of climatic or tectonic perturbations from catchments to neighboring basins. In order to investigate the impact of catchment response time on sediment flux, we integrated a spatially‐lumped numerical model PaCMod, with new routines simulating the evolution of landscape morphology and erosion rates under tectonic and climatic forcing. We subsequently applied the model to reconstruct the sediment flux from a tectonically perturbed catchment in central Italy. Finally, we coupled our model to DeltaSim, a process‐response model simulating fluvio‐deltaic stratigraphy, and investigated the impact of catchment response time on stratigraphy, using both synthetic scenarios and a real world system (Fucino Basin, central Italy). Our results demonstrate that the differential response of geomorphic elements to tectonic and climatic changes induces a complex sediment flux signal, and produces characteristic stratigraphic architectures and shoreline trajectories. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.