bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tenderization potential of Hanwoo beef muscles from carcasses with differed genders and loin intramuscular fat content levels during post mortem ageing
Authors: Park Beom Young , Seong Pil Nam , Ba Hoa Van , Park Kyoung Mi , Cho Soo Hyun , Moon Sung Sil , Kang Geun Ho 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCarcasses from Hanwoo steers (n = 15) and cows (n = 15) were classified into three groups: group 1 (G1), the carcasses had 10% to < 11.5% intramuscular fat (IMF) in loin muscles; group 2 (G2), the carcasses had 13% to < 14.5% IMF in loin muscles; and group 3(G3), the carcasses had 17% to < 18.5% IMF in loin muscles. These were used to evaluate the effects of gender and carcass group on quality traits and Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF) of Psoas major (PM), Longissimus thoracis (LT), Longissimus lumborum (LL), Longus colli (LC), Supraspinatus (SS), Latissimus dorsi (LAD), Semimembranosus (SM), Quadriceps femoris (QF), Biceps femoris (BF) and Semitendinosus (ST) muscles. Our results showed that pH values of LT, LL, LC, BF and QF muscles were lower in steers than in cows (P < 0.05). Water holding capacity (WHC) was found higher in LC, SS, LAD and QF muscles of steers (P < 0.05). At day 2 of ageing, gender affected the WBSF values of only PM, LD and QF muscles in G1, and QF muscle in G3; however, with additional ageing, the gender effect was observed for most of the muscles. Most muscles showed ageing responses; however, the rates of ageing response significantly varied depending on gender and carcass groups. The muscles of G1 and G2 had generally higher tenderization potentials than those of G3. Furthermore, most muscles in G3 had generally lower WBSF values than in G1 and G2. These results clearly indicate that ageing has a significant effect on quality and WBSF of beef muscles, and the classification by loin IMF level may be useful for prediction of the tenderness of other muscles.
Early stalked stages in ontogeny of the living isocrinid sea lily Metacrinus rotundus
Authors: Amemiya Shonan , Omori Akihito , Tsurugaya Toko , Hibino Taku , Yamaguchi Masaaki , Kuraishi Ritsu , Kiyomoto Masato , Minokawa Takuya 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe early stalked stages of an isocrinid sea lily, Metacrinus rotundus, were examined up to the early pentacrinoid stage. Larvae induced to settle on bivalve shells and cultured in the laboratory developed into late cystideans. Three‐dimensional (3D) images reconstructed from very early to middle cystideans indicated that 15 radial podia composed of five triplets form synchronously from the crescent‐shaped hydrocoel. The orientation of the hydrocoel indicated that the settled postlarvae lean posteriorly. In very early cystideans, the orals, radials, basals and infrabasals, with five plates each in the crown, about five columnals in the stalk, and five terminal stem plates in the attachment disc, had already formed. In mid‐cystideans, an anal plate appeared in the crown. Late cystideans cultured in the field developed into pentacrinoids about 5 months after settlement. These pentacrinoids shared many crown structures with adult sea lilies. On the other hand, many features of the stalk differed from those in adult isocrinids, while sharing many characteristics with the stalk of feather star pentacrinoids, including disc‐like proximal columnals, high and slender median columnals, synarthrial articulations developmentally derived from the symplexial articulations, limited formation of cirri only in the proximal columnal(s), and an attachment disc. On the basis of these findings, phylogenetic relationships among extant crinoid orders are discussed.
Confocal immunohistochemistry of the dermal glands and evolutionary considerations in the caecilian, Typhlonectes natans (Amphibia: Gymnophiona)
Authors: Lauriano Eugenia Rita , Żuwała Krystyna , Kuciel Michał , Budzik Karolina A. , Capillo Gioele , Alesci Alessio , Pergolizzi Simona , Dugo Giacomo , Zaccone Giacomo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn immunohistochemical study of the cutaneous glands of the caecilian Typhlonectes natans was conducted. Analyses of nerve fibres revealed that adrenergic and galanin‐positive axons innervate the MECs and mediate their contraction. These glands may represent one of the main targets of the adrenergic ganglion cells and reflect the prominent preganglionic cell columns of the species studied. But neurochemical features of the sympathetic ganglia and retrograde tract‐tracing studies are necessary to study the morphology and organization of the sympathetic nervous system of studied species.
Predicting postoperative complications of inguinal lymph node dissection for penile cancer in an international multicentre cohort
Authors: Gopman Jared M. , Djajadiningrat Rosa S. , Baumgarten Adam S. , Espiritu Patrick N. , Horenblas Simon , Zhu Yao , Protzel Chris , Pow‐Sang Julio M. , Kim Timothy , Sexton Wade J. , Poch Michael A. , Spiess Philippe E. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the potential complications associated with inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) across international tertiary care referral centres, and to determine the prognostic factors that best predict the development of these complications.Materials and MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted across four international cancer centres. The study population of 327 patients underwent diagnostic/therapeutic ILND. The endpoint was the overall incidence of complications and their respective severity (major/minor). The Clavien–Dindo classification system was used to standardize the reporting of complications.ResultsA total of 181 patients (55.4%) had a postoperative complication, with minor complications in 119 cases (65.7%) and major in 62 (34.3%). The total number of lymph nodes removed was an independent predictor of experiencing any complication, while the median number of lymph nodes removed was an independent predictor of major complications. The American Joint Committee on Cancer stage was an independent predictor of all wound infections, while the patient's age, ILND with Sartorius flap transposition, and surgery performed before the year 2008 were independent predictors of major wound infections.ConclusionsThis is the largest report of complication rates after ILND for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis and it shows that the majority of complications associated with ILND are minor and resolve without prolonged morbidity. Variables pertaining to the extent of disease burden have been found to be prognostic of increased postoperative morbidity.
Structural Basis of Why Nelfinavir‐Resistant D30N Mutant of HIV‐1 Protease Remains Susceptible to Saquinavir
Authors: Prashar Vishal , Bihani Subhash C. , Ferrer Jean‐Luc , Hosur Madhusoodan V. 
Published: December 2014

Although anti‐HIV‐1 protease drugs nelfinavir (NFV) and saquinavir (SQV) share common functional groups, D30N is a major resistance mutation against NFV but remains susceptible to SQV. We have determined the crystal structure of D30N mutant‐tethered HIV‐1 protease in complex with SQV to 1.79 Å resolution. Structural analysis showed that SQV forms two direct hydrogen bonds with the main chain atoms of the residues Asp29 and Asp30 that are not observed in the D30N–NFV complex. Apart from maintaining these two main chain hydrogen bonds, the P2‐asparagine of SQV forms an additional hydrogen bond to the mutated side chain of the residue 30. These could be the reasons why D30N is not a drug resistance mutation against SQV. This structure supports the previous studies showing that the interactions between a potential inhibitor and backbone atoms of the enzyme are important to maintain potency against drug‐resistant HIV‐1 protease.
A Conformational Analysis Study on the Melanocortin 4 Receptor Using Multiple Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Shahlaei Mohsen , Mousavi Atefeh 
Published: December 2014

Taking into account the uncertainties involved in 3D model of biomolecule developed by homology modeling (HM), it is important to opportunely validate the initial structure before employing for different purposes such as drug design. Extended simulation times and the necessity of correct representation of interactions within the protein and the nearby molecules impose significant limitations on molecular dynamics (MD)‐based refinement of structures developed byHM. Consequently, there is a pressing requirement for more efficient methods forHMand subsequent validation of developed structure. MultipleMDsimulation runs are well suited for producing ensembles of structures. In this context, a computational investigation was presented to study the structure of melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in explicit phospholipids bilayer. SeveralMDruns with different initial velocities were employed to sample conformations in the neighborhood of the native structure of receptor, collecting trajectories spanning 0.21 ms. The coherence between the results, different structural analysis, and the convergence of parameters derived by principal component analysis (PCA) shows that an accurate description of the MC4R conformational space around the native state was achieved by multipleMDtrajectories.
Laser capture microdissection is a valuable tool in the preoperative molecular screening of follicular lesions of the thyroid: an institutional experience
Authors: Bongiovanni M. , Molinari F. , Eszlinger M. , Paschke R. , Barizzi J. , Merlo E. , Giovanella L. , Fasolini F. , Cattaneo F. , Ramelli F. , Mazzucchelli L. , Frattini M. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesThe application of molecular tests to thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) has been shown to be a valuable tool to better refine the pre‐operative malignant risk of patients with indeterminate cytology results. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using the laser capture microdissection (LCM) technique to obtain DNA and RNA for molecular tests in routine thyroid FNA smears.MethodsNine coupled FNA and histological retrospective cases and 31 prospective FNA cases with a follicular neoplasm/suspicious for a follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN) diagnosis were included in this study. Both cytological and histological specimens were investigated by direct sequencing and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for BRAF and RAS mutations and for PAX8/PPARG and RET/PTC rearrangements, respectively.ResultsLCM yielded good DNA and RNA quality in all cases (100%) in both series, irrespective of the staining used (Giemsa, Papanicolaou, immunostain for thyroglobulin) and the cytology technique (conventional or liquid‐based preparations). Total mutations found in the FNA and in the corresponding histological specimen in both series were: one PAX8/PPARG rearrangement in a follicular carcinoma (FC), four NRAS mutations [in two FCs, one papillary carcinoma and one follicular adenoma (FA)] and one HRAS mutation in one FA. The sensitivity was 67% and the specificity was 91%.ConclusionsLCM is a valuable tool to obtain good quality DNA and RNA for molecular tests in cytological material from thyroid FNA, and can be a useful option in the management of patients with an FN/SFN FNA diagnosis.
Introspection on uncertainty and judicious help‐seeking during the preschool years
Authors: Coughlin Christine , Hembacher Emily , Lyons Kristen E. , Ghetti Simona 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLittle is known about the mechanisms underlying a ubiquitous behavior in preschoolers, help‐seeking. We tested the hypothesis that preschoolers' awareness of their own uncertainty is associated with help‐seeking. Three‐, 4‐, and 5‐year‐olds (N = 125) completed a perceptual identification task twice: once independently and once when they could request help from a confederate whose competence level was manipulated. Consistent with our hypothesis, participants sought help more frequently on trials for which, when required to answer independently, they expressed lower confidence. Children in the bad‐helper condition were slower to respond after receiving help than those in the good‐helper condition. Finally, females and children with more advanced theory of mind were more likely to seek help, identifying additional factors that relate to help‐seeking.
Assessment of the Developmental Change in the Left Atrial Volume Using Real Time Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography
Authors: Tanaka Noboru , Takigiku Kiyohiro , Takahashi Ken , Kuraoka Ayako , Matsui Kotoko , Iwashima Satoru , Nii Masaki , Toyono Manatomo , Takeuchi Masaaki , Kishiro Masahiko , Yasukochi Satoshi , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: December 2014

AimsReal time 3D echocardiography (RT3DE) has been applied for the assessment of left atrial (LA) function in patients with adult heart disease; however, LA function is not well known in children. We aimed at determining the normal range of LA volume (LAV) using RT3DE and the feasibility and reproducibility of this method in healthy subjects and at elucidating the developmental changes in the LAV with aging.Methods and ResultsIn this study, 359 healthy people (mean age, 23.9 ± 21.3; range, 0.1–76.4 years) were enrolled. We performed transthoracic RT3DE and measured the maximum and minimum LAV. Simultaneously, we measured the LAV using the 2D biplane Simpson's method. Inter‐observer and intra‐observer variability and the agreement of LAV measurements between RT3DE and 2DE were assessed in a subset of subjects. The RT3DE feasibility for LAV measurement was 93%. Both maximum and minimum LAVs exponentially increased with age and linearly increased with increasing of body surface area (BSA). The LA distensibility, which demonstrates LA reservoir function, decreased with age and BSA. The LAVs measured by RT3DE were significantly smaller than those measured by the 2D biplane Simpson's method. The 3D volumetric method had favorable intra‐observer and inter‐observer agreement.ConclusionThe reference values of LAV from early infancy to adulthood were obtained using RT3DE, which could be useful for future studies in children with congenital heart disease. RT3DE is a reproducible method and a feasible tool for evaluating the LAV in children. LA reservoir function is likely to decrease with age and increasing of body size.
MicroRNA‐486‐5p, which is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma, suppresses tumor growth by targeting PIK3R1
Authors: Huang Xin‐Ping , Hou Jin , Shen Xiao‐Yun , Huang Chao‐Yuan , Zhang Xue‐Hui , Xie Yu‐An , Luo Xiao‐Ling 
Published: December 2014

Deregulated microRNAs and their roles in carcinogenesis and cancer progression have attracted much attention. In previous studies conducted in our laboratory, the Illumina Solexa massively parallel signature sequencing of miRNomes in nontumor and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues revealed that miR‐486‐5p was significantly downregulated in HCC, but its role in HCC development remains unknown. In this study, miR‐486‐5p levels in HCC tissues and matched control tissues, and in seven HCC cell lines (QGY‐7701, QGY‐7703, QGY‐7404, SMMC‐7721, Huh7, HepG2, and PCL/PRF/5) and human normal liver cells (HL‐7702), were tested by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR. We found that the level of miR‐486‐5p was significantly decreased in HCC tissue and in all seven HCC cell lines. Overexpression of miR‐486‐5p markedly suppressed HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and inhibited HCC growth in vivo. Mechanistically, miR‐486‐5p was confirmed to directly target PIK3R1 expression, thereby suppressing phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase–AKT pathway activation, by dual luciferase reporter assay and real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR and western blot analysis. In addition, PIK3R1 knockdown mimicked the effects of miR‐486‐5p overexpression by inhibiting HCC growth, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, correlation analysis, Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazard models showed an inverse correlation between miR‐486‐5p and PIK3R1, as well as a shorter time to recurrence after HCC resection, in patients with lower miR‐486‐5p expression. Hence, we conclude that miR‐486‐5p, which is frequently downregulated in HCC, inhibits HCC progression by targeting PIK3R1 and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase–AKT activation.DatabaseThe Solexa sequencing data are available in GEO database (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) under accession number GSE21279.
Fatigue life of cold‐expanded fastener holes with interference‐fit fasteners at short edge margins
Authors: Vallieres G. M. , DuQuesnay D. L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe fatigue life of 7075‐T6 aluminium specimens with countersunk fastener holes with cold expansion and interference‐fit fasteners with short edge margins was studied. The study was performed experimentally and through finite element analysis. The experiments measured the total fatigue life and crack growth. The results from the finite element analysis consisted of tangential residual stress profiles, which were combined with applied cyclic stresses for fatigue analysis. The experiments showed that the fatigue life improved with interference‐fit fasteners and cold expansion at all edge margins. The fatigue life also increased with increasing edge margin. The finite element results were used to make fatigue life predictions that corresponded reasonably well with the experimental results.
Temporal patterns in adult salmon migration timing across southeast Alaska
Authors: Kovach Ryan P. , Ellison Stephen C. , Pyare Sanjay , Tallmon David A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPacific salmon migration timing can drive population productivity, ecosystem dynamics, and human harvest. Nevertheless, little is known about long‐term variation in salmon migration timing for multiple species across broad regions. We used long‐term data for five Pacific salmon species throughout rapidly warming southeast Alaska to describe long‐term changes in salmon migration timing, interannual phenological synchrony, relationships between climatic variation and migratory timing, and to test whether long‐term changes in migration timing are related to glaciation in headwater streams. Temporal changes in the median date of salmon migration timing varied widely across species. Most sockeye populations are migrating later over time (11 of 14), but pink, chum, and especially coho populations are migrating earlier than they did historically (16 of 19 combined). Temporal trends in duration and interannual variation in migration timing were highly variable across species and populations. The greatest temporal shifts in the median date of migration timing were correlated with decreases in the duration of migration timing, suggestive of a loss of phenotypic variation due to natural selection. Pairwise interannual correlations in migration timing varied widely but were generally positive, providing evidence for weak region‐wide phenological synchrony. This synchrony is likely a function of climatic variation, as interannual variation in migration timing was related to climatic phenomenon operating at large‐ (Pacific decadal oscillation), moderate‐ (sea surface temperature), and local‐scales (precipitation). Surprisingly, the presence or the absence of glaciers within a watershed was unrelated to long‐term shifts in phenology. Overall, there was extensive heterogeneity in long‐term patterns of migration timing throughout this climatically and geographically complex region, highlighting that future climatic change will likely have widely divergent impacts on salmon migration timing. Although salmon phenological diversity will complicate future predictions of migration timing, this variation likely acts as a major contributor to population and ecosystem resiliency in southeast Alaska.
The association between patient activation and accessing online health information: results from a national survey of US adults
Authors: Smith Samuel G. , Pandit Anjali , Rush Steven R. , Wolf Michael S. , Simon Carol 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere are increasing opportunities for the public to access online health information, but attitudinal barriers to use are less well‐known. Patient activation is associated with key health outcomes, but its relationship with using online health information is not known.ObjectiveWe examined the relationship between patient activation and the likelihood of accessing a range of different types of online health information in a nationally representative US sample.DesignCross‐sectional nationally representative survey.Setting and participantsData were from an online (n = 2700) and random digit dial telephone survey (n = 700) of US adults (total n = 3400).Main variables studiedRespondent characteristics and the Patient Activation Measure.Main outcome measuresSelf‐reported access of five types of online health information in the past 12 months (online medical records, cost estimation tools, quality comparison tools, health information about a specific condition, preventive health information).ResultsApproximately, one‐fifth of the sample had accessed their medical record (21.6%), treatment cost estimation tools (17.3%) and hospital and physician quality comparison tools (21.8%). Nearly half of the sample had accessed information about medical conditions or treatments (48.3%) or preventive health and well‐being (45.9%). In multivariable analyses adjusted for participant characteristics, respondents with greater patient activation were more likely to have accessed all types of health information other than cost estimation tools.Discussion and conclusionsActivated people are more likely to make use of online heath information. Increasing patient activation could improve the public's ability to participate in health care and personal health self‐management by encouraging health information seeking.
Patients have unwritten duties: experiences of patients with type 1 diabetes in health care
Authors: Hirjaba Marina , Häggman‐Laitila Arja , Pietilä Anna‐Maija , Kangasniemi Mari 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimTo describe the perceptions and experiences of patients with type 1 diabetes, examine their duties and responsibilities for their own care and increase our understanding of the value‐based role of patients in the changing healthcare environment.BackgroundCurrent type 1 diabetes care highlights the importance of self‐care and of patient involvement, which implies the need to evaluate the patients' role. Little is known about patients' views about their own role, and related responsibilities and duties for their own care. This is essential if we are to promote efficient patient involvement.DesignThis study had a qualitative descriptive design.MethodsWe conducted one‐to‐one themed interviews with 20 patients with type 1 diabetes during summer 2013 at a diabetes polyclinic in Finland. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis.FindingsPatients with type 1 diabetes believed that their well‐being and self‐care required them to consider their own responsibilities and their duties towards themselves, family members, society and healthcare professionals. These duties were seen to have implications for care outcomes, quality of life, and effectiveness and economy in health care. However, patients' background, motivation, relationships with healthcare staff and patient counselling influenced whether they fulfilled those duties, which are all crucial elements in type 1 diabetes care.ConclusionPatient duties are significant for the well‐being of patients with type 1 diabetes, but also for their successful involvement in their care. This study can be used to inform the development of individual care planning and support of patient involvement.