bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prior Bariatric Surgery Predicts Lower Life-Threatening Morbidity in Patients Admitted for Acute Allergic Reaction and Anaphylaxis: a Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of the U.S. Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 2005–2018
Authors: Wang Po-Chun , Lin Wei-Ning 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Acute allergic reactions may occur in susceptible individuals following exposure to various allergens. Obesity is linked to allergic reactions, and weight loss from bariatric surgery may attenuate the severity of certain conditions such as airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. This retrospective observational study investigates associations between prior bariatric surgery and lower risk for life-threatening conditions in patients hospitalized with acute allergic reactions and anaphylaxis.

Materials and Methods
Adults ≥ 18 years old diagnosed with morbid obesity and admitted to US hospitals with acute allergic reactions/anaphylaxis were included. All data were extracted from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database 2005–2018. Patients without information on in-hospital mortality, discharge destination, hospital costs, and length of stay (LOS) were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups based on prior bariatric surgery or not. All diagnoses were verified through ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. Between-group differences and associations between variables were evaluated using logistic regression analysis.

Results
After matching, patients with prior bariatric surgery had significantly lower proportions of any life-threatening morbidity (37.2% vs. 47.4%), respiratory distress or failure (11.2% vs. 17.0%), pneumonia or severe infection (7.4% vs. 10.2%), sepsis/septic shock (15.2% vs. 20.9%), intubation and mechanical ventilation (11.2% vs. 14.6%), prolonged LOS (10.3% vs. 20.6%) and unfavorable discharge (6.9% vs. 12.5%) than those without prior bariatric surgery.

Conclusion
Prior bariatric surgery predicts a lower risk of life-threatening morbidity and prolonged LOS among adults hospitalized for acute allergic reaction and anaphylaxis. Future prospective studies are warranted to confirm the present findings and reveal underlying mechanisms.

Graphical Abstract
Enhancing Archaeological Teaching Through Eye-Tracking: A Pilot Study on Eye Movement Modelling Examples and Teaching Artefact Analysis
Authors: Michalik Tomasz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVisual analysis of artefacts is fundamental to archaeological research. However, learning and teaching the methods of artefact analysis can be challenging, since it is cognitively demanding to observe and explain how visual processing works. This paper addresses this challenge and evaluates eye movement modelling examples, a newly adopted method for teaching visual analysis of artefacts. Educational materials containing recordings of eye movements of experts analysing artefacts have been shown to be beneficial to students. As a consequence, they may boost the accessibility of archaeological knowledge, both for in-class and remote education.
Towards sustainable coastal management: a hybrid model for vulnerability and risk assessment
Authors: Durap Ahmet , Balas Can Elmar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the development of a Hybrid Model (HM) integrated with a Bayesian Network (BN) for comprehensive coastal vulnerability and risk assessment, with a focus on Konyaaltı Beach, Antalya, Turkey. The HM incorporates critical environmental parameters such as wind, waves, currents, and sediment transport to simulate conditions at vulnerable coastal areas and perform risk assessments for storm effects, flooding, and erosion. The model includes submodules for predicting coastal storms, quantifying sediment transport rates, assessing tsunami inundation severity, and categorizing storms based on beach typologies. The Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is utilized for significant wave height predictions, enhancing the model's accuracy. The integration of hydrodynamic modeling, Bayesian networks, and ANFIS offers a robust framework for assessing coastal vulnerability and informing sustainable management practices. The study's results highlight the necessity for integrated risk management strategies, including adaptive infrastructure design, zoning and land use regulations, ecosystem-based management, and continuous monitoring and model refinement to enhance coastal resilience against dynamic environmental forces. This research provides valuable insights for mitigating the impacts of hazards on urban developments, contributing to the advancement of sustainable coastal management.
Cardiotoxicity of Cadmium and Its Effects on Heart Efficiency During Early and Late Chick Embryogenesis
Authors: Ali Reda A. , Awadalla Eatemad A. , Hamed Amal S. , Mostafa Dalia Elzahraa F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a dangerous heavy metal that is non-degradable in the environment. Many organs can accumulate Cd and adversely affect organ function and health. Cd is considered as a teratogenic and embryotoxic agent. This study aims to evaluate the teratogenicity of Cd at concentrations lesser than the permissible and its effects on the heart during chick embryogenesis. Fertilized eggs of the chick Gallus domesticus were divided into; control, saline injected and four experimental groups injected with single doses of 5, 25, 50 or 75 µM of CdCl2. Histological observations of the heart before hatching and the cardiomyocytes after hatching were recorded. Morphometric measurements of heart chambers were achieved at 3, 4 and 6 days of incubation. Electrocardiograph and respiratory rate were recorded at tenth day. Different cardiac problems had been brought on by Cd. In comparison to controls, the heart looked much larger, and in certain cases, growth retardation was seen. Degeneration in heart walls and malformations of dorsal aorta were noticed. Morphometrically, the width and wall thickness of heart chambers showed significant changes. Heart beats and respiratory rate significantly decreased compared to control. The cardiotoxic effect of Cd on heart compartments structure and function was dose dependent. One of Cd toxicity is its ability to induce cellular oxidative stress. The heart in particular is sensitive to oxidative stress. Cardiac oxidative stress might intensify heart failure and promote disease progression. Calcium is one of the components that is needed for normal heart work. Cd might interfere with calcium metabolism by removing it from the body.
Enhancing recovery in post-earthquake adolescents: examining the impact of a psychoeducational intervention on traumatic stress symptoms and coping strategies
Authors: Demirci Hasan , Bilge Yıldız , Emiral Ekin , Şen Selçuk 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdolescents exposed to natural disasters are among the most vulnerable groups to the devastating effects of these events, including experiencing mental health issues such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety disorders. The study aims to evaluate the impact of an early-term psychoeducational intervention (2 months after the disaster) on adolescents who were exposed to the February 6th earthquakes in Turkey regarding symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and coping styles. The study employed AB experimental design with a single-group, pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test evaluation. The sample consisted of 8 individuals aged between 12 and 18, relocated to another city (Istanbul) with their families to a container camp after exposure to the earthquake. Participants underwent an 8-session (one session per week) psychoeducational program developed by researchers composed of psychologists 2 months after the earthquake. To assess the effectiveness of the psychoeducational intervention, the Child and Adolescent Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index, Brief Symptom Inventory, and Coping Styles Scale-Brief Form was employed at three different time points (pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 4-month follow-up). Percentage distribution and the Friedman Test for comparisons were done for the data to be analyzed. Following the psychoeducational intervention, a statistically non-significant decrease in depression symptoms was observed, but the effect of the intervention was maintained over the 4-month follow-up period. While no change in anxiety symptoms was noted after the intervention, a significant decrease was observed in the follow-up. However, no improvement was observed in PTSD symptoms. Participants showed a statistically significant increase in religious coping, whereas a non-significant increase in planning, using emotional social support, and positive reinterpretation coping styles were observed. After large-scale disasters affecting numerous individuals, early psychological interventions should be planned and tailored for specific groups and specific needs instead of including every member of the group would be more time and cost-efficient.
Evaluating the Effect of Temperature and Pooling in Detection and Isolation of the Major Non-O157 Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Serogroups from Meat Samples with the Use of Alternative and Standard Methods
Authors: Bouvier Marion , Thollet Camille , Douellou Thomas , Sergentet Delphine Thevenot 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPathogenic Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are an important cause of foodborne illness. The detection of STEC in finished products and during the manufacturing process has an important role as part of verification plans, to confirm that practices and procedures described in the food safety program are successfully applied to control STEC. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of temperature and pooling in detection and isolation of the major non-O157 STEC serogroups from meat samples with the use of alternative and standard methods. Bovine meat was experimentally inoculated with one of the “Top 6” non-O157 STEC strains (O26, O103, O111, O145, O45, and O121). Both ISO TS 13136:2012 and a novel alternative method were implemented to evaluate the impact of temperature and pooling. An increase of the enrichment temperature to 41.5 °C allowed the detection of the spiked strain in 10% more samples compared to enrichment at 37 °C. The use of 25- and 375-g sample tests demonstrated no statistically differences between both methods. And finally, this alternative method appears easy to use and time-saving for routine laboratory use.
Domain-Linked and Domain-Specific Competence: a Validation Study of a Two-Dimensional Model of Economic Vocational Competence in Germany
Authors: Ma Beifang , Krötz Maximilian , Winther Esther 
Published: July 2024

AbstractModeling vocational competence is increasingly crucial for monitoring and enhancing the quality of Vocational Educational Training (VET), particularly in the context of ongoing international comparative studies known as "large-scale assessments" of vocational education and training. This study endeavors to provide well-structured and guideline-compliant empirical evidence for the validation of the two-dimensional construct of economic vocational competence, advancing beyond the current state of research. A sample of 1438 first-year apprentices from two federal states in Germany participated as test-takers. The authentic assessment framework comprised 24 items, assessing two dimensions of vocational competence: domain-linked competence and domain-specific competence in the business/commercial domain. Measurement invariance was assessed across (1) federal states and (2) versions of test booklets, and the Multidimensional Random Coefficient Multinomial Logit model was employed to examine the quality of the two-dimensional vocational competence construct. The results supported the validity of the structure, highlighting the differentiation between domain-linked competence and domain-specific competence. This provides a more substantively accurate representation of trainees' vocational competence compared to a unidimensional model.
Biodegradable Biconstituent Melt-Blown Nonwovens for Air Filtration: Fabrication and Characterization
Authors: Eticha Andinet Kumella , Akgul Yasin , Pakolpakcil Ayben , Unlu Oguz Kagan , Ahmed Salih Birhanu , Cug Harun , Kilic Ali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMelt-blown polypropylene (PP) is extensively used in air filtration due to its low cost, low weight, and easy processing, but there are increasing environmental concerns due to its non-degradability. On the other side biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) present insufficient strength and limited toughness. Polymer blending is a well-known approach to reach optimum properties from at least two polymers. This study aims to produce biodegradable PP-PLA-based filter materials that possess enhanced elasticity and superior filtration performance. The addition of PLA raises the average fiber diameter (AFD), causing the PP-PLA filters to have AFD ranging from 0.73 to 0.91 μm. However, the incorporation of zinc stearate (ZnSt) decreased the melt viscosity, resulting in thinner fiber formations with AFD ranging from 0.6 to 0.75 μm for PP-PLA-ZnSt. The efficiency of the corona-charged optimized sample (double-layer 75PP-25PLA-ZnSt) showed 97.42% particle capture efficiency and filtration performance of 0.12 mmH2O−1. Despite the presence of hydrophobic surfaces in all filter materials, the addition of ZnSt further improves the resistance to surface wettability. 75PP-25PLA-ZnSt filter material exhibits high stretchability, with a maximum tensile strength of 380 ± 70 kPa. The proposed tricomponent (PP-PLA-ZnSt) approach would be used to reduce the environmental impact of non-degrading polymers.
Graphical abstract
A Fresh Take: Seasonal Changes in Terrestrial Freshwater Inputs Impact Salt Marsh Hydrology and Vegetation Dynamics
Authors: Montalvo Maya S. , Grande Emilio , Braswell Anna E. , Visser Ate , Arora Bhavna , Seybold Erin C. , Tatariw Corianne , Haskins John C. , Endris Charlie A. , Gerbl Fuller , Huang Mong-Han , Morozov Darya , Zimmer Margaret A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSalt marshes exist at the terrestrial-marine interface, providing important ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration. Tidal inputs play a dominant role in salt marsh porewater mixing, and terrestrially derived freshwater inputs are increasingly recognized as important sources of water and solutes to intertidal wetlands. However, there remains a critical gap in understanding the role of freshwater inputs on salt marsh hydrology, and how this may impact marsh subsurface salinity and plant productivity. Here, we address this knowledge gap by examining the hydrologic behavior, porewater salinity, and pickleweed (Sarcocornia pacifica also known as Salicornia pacifica) plant productivity along a salt marsh transect in an estuary along the central coast of California. Through the installation of a suite of hydrometric sensors and routine porewater sampling and vegetation surveys, we sought to understand how seasonal changes in terrestrial freshwater inputs impact salt marsh ecohydrologic processes. We found that salt marsh porewater salinity, shallow subsurface saturation, and pickleweed productivity are closely coupled with elevated upland water level during the winter and spring, and more influenced by tidal inputs during the summer and fall. This seasonal response indicates a switch in salt marsh hydrologic connectivity with the terrestrial upland that impacts ecosystem functioning. Through elucidating the interannual impacts of drought on salt marsh hydrology, we found that the severity of drought and historical precipitation can impact contemporary hydrologic behavior and the duration and timing of the upland-marsh hydrologic connectivity. This implies that the sensitivity of salt marshes to climate change involves a complex interaction between sea level rise and freshwater inputs that vary at seasonal to interannual timescales.
Osteological age-at-death estimation in an archaeological sample avoiding age-mimicry: a six-step approach
Authors: Navitainuck Denise U. , Vach Werner , Alt Kurt W. , Pichler Sandra L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn human osteoarchaeology, individual age-at-death is traditionally assigned by scoring characteristic expressions of specific traits and applying formulas or algorithms. However, it is well known that the resulting age estimates in target samples suffer from bias due to the effect of age-mimicry, both at the individual and at the population level. A general statistical methodology to obtain unbiased estimates of the age-at-death distribution in skeletal samples has been available for more than two decades. Even so, the procedure is rarely used. This may be related to the fact that this methodology requires external input which has selection of distributional characteristics to be reported. In this paper, we translate the general methodology into a clearly stated six-step procedure to be followed. We illustrate the six steps using an archaeological sample of 675 adult individuals and 15 scoring methods from traditional age-estimation procedures. By clearly identifying the actions that are necessary for its application we intend to make the approach more accessible for osteoarchaeologists while at the same time highlighting some challenges that need to be addressed in the future. Our study demonstrates that the approach is feasible and illustrates the absence of age-mimicry. A combined analysis of five informative traits allowed to obtain estimates of several characteristics of the target sample age distribution. However, its routine use will benefit from improved input from relevant reference samples and improved statistical software.
Does Mindfulness Mediate the Relationship Between Emotion Regulation and Pro-Environmental Behaviors Differently Based on Gender?
Authors: Ballarotto Giulia , D’Anna Valeria , Stefàno Lorenzo , Velotti Patrizia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to explore possible gender differences in the relationship between emotion dysregulation, mindfulness, and pro-environmental behaviors. Specifically, it aimed to investigate whether mindfulness mediated the association between emotion dysregulation and pro-environmental behaviors, and if there were any gender differences in this relationship.

Method
A sample of 1,406 employees (56.3% males, average age = 44.85) participated in the study. Participants completed the Pro-Environmental Behaviors Scale (PEBS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale- Short Form (DERS-SF), and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) to assess pro-environmental behaviors, emotion regulation, and mindfulness, respectively. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and mediation analysis.

Results
Women exhibited higher scores on the PEBS total scale (p < 0.001; 𝜂2 = 0.02), higher scores on the Observe and Describe FFMQ subscales (p < 0.001; 𝜂2 = 0.01), and lower scores on the Non-react FFMQ subscale (p < 0.001; 𝜂2 = 0.01), compared to men. No gender differences were found on the DERS-SF total scale (p > 0.05; 𝜂2 = 0.00). Higher levels of emotion dysregulation were associated with lower pro-environmental behaviors (r = - 0.12; p < 0.05). Mindfulness mediated the relationship between emotion dysregulation and pro-environmental behaviors, specifically through the ability to observe one's own emotions and external stimuli. Gender differences were found based on the Non-react facet of mindfulness, which is negatively associated with pro-environmental behaviors in men (β = - 0.08; p < 0.05) and positively associated with them in women (β = 0.09; p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The findings suggest that emotion dysregulation and mindfulness are associated with pro-environmental behaviors. The ability to observe one's own emotions and external stimuli plays a significant role in promoting sustainable behaviors, while the ability to perceive one's own emotions without feeling overwhelmed or compelled to react to them has different associations with pro-environmental behaviors in men and women. These results provide insights for the development of interventions targeting emotion regulation and mindfulness to encourage pro-environmental behaviors, specifically based on gender.

Preregistration
This study is not preregistered.
The Interplay Between Language Ideologies and Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTBMLE) Policy Implementation in the Philippines
Authors: Velasco Yvonne Pedria 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Drawing on Sutton and Levinson’s Socio-cultural Approach to policy, this study explores the experiences and collective language beliefs of 25 teachers implementing the Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTBMLE) policy in two urban Philippine school districts. Mixed methods were used to understand policy enactment and teacher perspectives. Findings reveal that teacher beliefs about language significantly influence their appropriation of the MTBMLE policy. While some teachers accommodated the policy, others demonstrated negotiation and some showed nuanced resistance due to perceived pedagogical challenges hindering implementation. This research highlights the role of teachers as active agents in shaping policy, not simply passive recipients. By uncovering teachers’ deeply held language ideologies, the study offers valuable insights for MTBMLE policy reformulation.
A Qualitative Exploration of Student Cognition When Answering Text-Only or Image-Based Histology Multiple-Choice Questions
Authors: Holland Jane , McGarvey Alice , Flood Michelle , Joyce Pauline , Pawlikowska Teresa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInterpretation of images and spatial relationships is essential in medicine, but the evidence base on how to assess these skills is sparse. Thirty medical students were randomized into two groups (A and B), and invited to “think aloud” while completing 14 histology MCQs. All students answered six identical MCQs, three with only text and three requiring image interpretation. Students then answered eight “matched” questions, where a text-only MCQ on version A was “matched” with an image-based MCQ on paper B, or vice versa. Students’ verbalizations were coded with a realist, inductive approach and emerging codes were identified and integrated within overarching themes. High-performing students were more likely to self-generate an answer as compared to middle and lower performing students, who verbalized more option elimination. Images had no consistent influence on item statistics, and students’ self-identified visual-verbal preference (“learning style”) had no consistent influence on their results for text or image-based questions. Students’ verbalizations regarding images depended on whether interpretation of the adjacent image was necessary to answer the question or not. Specific comments about the image were present in 95% of student-item verbalizations (142 of 150) if interpreting the image was essential to answering the question, whereas few students referred to images if they were an unnecessary addition to the vignette. In conclusion, while assessing image interpretation is necessary for authenticity and constructive alignment, MCQs should be constructed to only include information and images relevant to answering the question, and avoid adding unnecessary information or images that may increase extraneous cognitive load.