bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acutely Transforming Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J Strain 966: Defective Genome Encodes a 72-Kilodalton Gag-Myc Fusion Protein
Authors: Chesters P. M. , Howes K. , McKay J. C. , Payne L. N. , Venugopal K. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), the most recent member of the avian retroviruses, is predominantly associated with myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens. We have previously demonstrated that the acutely transforming virus strain 966, isolated from an ALV-J-induced tumor, transformed peripheral blood monocyte and bone marrow cells in vitro and induced rapid-onset tumors, suggesting transduction of oncogenes (L. N. Payne, A. M. Gillespie, and K. Howes, Avian Dis. 37:438–450, 1993). In order to understand the molecular basis for the rapid transformation and tumor induction, we have determined the complete genomic structure of the provirus of the 966 strain. The sequence of the 966 provirus clone revealed that its genome is closely related to that of HPRS-103 but is defective, with the entire
pol
and parts of the
gag
and
env
genes replaced by a 1,491-bp sequence representing exons 2 and 3 of the c-
myc
gene. LSTC-IAH30, a stable cell line derived from turkey monocyte cultures transformed by the 966 strain of ALV-J, expressed a 72-kDa Gag-Myc fusion protein. The identification of the
myc
gene in 966 virus as well as in several other ALV-J-induced tumors suggested that the induction of myeloid tumors by this new subgroup of ALV occurs through mechanisms involving the activation of the c-
myc
oncogene.
Strength of Envelope Protein Interaction Modulates Cytopathicity of Measles Virus
Authors: Plemper Richard K. , Hammond Anthea L. , Gerlier Denis , Fielding Adele K. , Cattaneo Roberto 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT
To understand the molecular determinants of measles virus (MV) cytopathicity, we have characterized mutant viruses exhibiting a more-extensive cell-to-cell fusion while maintaining efficient replication to high titers. A virus which is modified by the addition of an 8-amino-acid Flag epitope tag at the cytoplasmic tail of its H (for MV hemagglutinin) envelope glycoprotein replicates efficiently, has an increased cytopathicity, possesses a greater infectivity per particle, and has an altered protein composition compared with that of unmodified MV. The mutant phenotype is not specifically linked to the epitope sequence, since an alternatively added HA (for influenza virus-derived hemagglutinin) epitope tag caused similar effects. We demonstrate that both epitope tags weaken the interaction between the H and fusion (F) glycoproteins in virus-infected cells. This reduction in strength of H/F interaction is independent of the presence of the viral matrix (M) protein. Viruses with this less stable complex are more sensitive to neutralization by a soluble octameric form of the CD46 receptor, consistent with their increased fusogenicity. Similar analyses of glycoproteins derived from MV strains with reduced cytopathicities confirm that the strength of H and F glycoprotein interaction is a modulator of viral fusogenicity.
Effects of octreotide on responses to colorectal distension in the rat
Authors: Su X , Burton M B , Gebhart G F 
Published: July 2002

BACKGROUND AND AIMSIt has been suggested that the analgesic effect of the somatostatin analogue octreotide in visceral pain involves peripheral mechanisms. We evaluated the effect of octreotide on responses to noxious colorectal distension in rats.METHODSIn a behavioural study, pressor and electromyographic responses to colorectal distension were evaluated before and after intravenous or intrathecal administration of octreotide. In pelvic nerve afferent fibre recordings, responses of mechanosensitive fibres innervating the colon to noxious colorectal distension (80 mm Hg, 30 seconds) were tested before and after octreotide.RESULTSOctreotide was ineffective in attenuating responses to colorectal distension in either normal or acetic acid inflamed colon when administered intravenously but attenuated responses when given intrathecally. Administration of octreotide over a broad dose range (0.5 μg/kg to 2.4 mg/kg) did not alter responses of afferent fibres to noxious colorectal distension in untreated, or acetic acid or zymosan treated colons.CONCLUSIONSIn the rat, octreotide has no peripheral (pelvic nerve) modulatory action in visceral nociception. The antinociceptive effect of octreotide in this model of visceral nociception is mediated by an action at central sites.
MASSLESS PARTICLES, ELECTROMAGNETISM, AND RIEFFEL INDUCTION
Authors: LANDSMAN N.P. , WIEDEMANN U.A. 
Published: July 2002

The connection between space-time covariant representations (obtained by inducing from the Lorentz group) and irreducible unitary representations (induced from Wigner’s little group) of the Poincaré group is re-examined in the massless case. In the situation relevant to physics, it is found that these are related by Marsden-Weinstein reduction with respect to a gauge group. An analogous phenomenon is observed for classical massless relativistic particles. This symplectic reduction procedure can be (‘second’) quantized using a generalization of the Rieffel induction technique in operator algebra theory, which is carried through in detail for electromagnetism. Starting from the so-called Fermi representation of the field algebra generated by the free abelian gauge field, we construct a new (‘rigged’) sesquilinear form on the representation space, which is positive semi-definite, and given in terms of a Gaussian weak distribution (promeasure) on the gauge group (taken to be a Hilbert Lie group). This eventually constructs the algebra of observables of quantum electromagnetism (directly in its vacuum representation) as a representation of the so-called algebra of weak observables induced by the trivial representation of the gauge group.
SOFT TISSUE COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING KIRSCHNER WIRE FIXATION FOR FUSION OF BASAL JOINT ARTHRITIS
Authors: Koh W. L. , Lim B. H. 
Published: July 2002

Basal joint arthritis is a common hand condition presenting with pain and swelling, often requiring surgical treatment in the late stages. Surgical options include arthrodesis, excision arthroplasty, implant arthroplasty and ligament reconstruction, and tendon interposition arthroplasty.A patient with bilateral basal joint arthritis underwent K-wire arthrodesis of the left basal joint. Subsequently, she developed complications due to impingement of the K-wire on the median nerve, superficial radial nerve, and flexor tendons of the index finger. The diagnosis was made three years post-operatively and she then underwent reconstructive surgery. Eventually she recovered with good movement and sensation of the affected digits.Although K-wire arthrodesis of basal joint is a simple and effective procedure used primarily in treatment of arthritis, this case highlights the importance of appreciating surgical anatomy and post-operative clinical features and investigations.
VIRTUE, NATURAL LAW, AND SUPERNATURAL SOLICITATION: A THOMISTIC READING OF SHAKESPEARE'S MACBETH
Authors: Hibbs Thomas , Hibbs Stacey 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis essay explores a remarkable congruence between Macbeth and the teachings of Thomas Aquinas on the nature of virtue, temptation and evil, natural law, and the relationship of the natural to the supernatural. Macbeth's virtue is problematic in that initially he seems courageous when on the attack in battle. But in reality he shows the excessive vice of boldness, and subsequently he fails to manifest courageous endurance and patience in clinging to the good, drifting rather into restlessness and impatience. Aquinas defines evil as a privation of the good. Macbeth persistently chooses apparent good over real good, as he is tempted by the witches and Lady Macbeth. He violates the natural law and suffers extrinsic and intrinsic punishment, a conception linking the play with Aquinas rather than Hooker and Locke. Furthermore, his decline into evil mirrors Aquinas conceptions of the order of punishments following on violation of the natural law, evident in the progressive loss of eternal happiness, virtue, reason and physical and material goods. Finally, the play is not naturalistic but portrays the witches and Macbeth's opponents as instruments of the supernatural.
FOR THE LOVE OF LIFE
Authors: Korten David 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis article affirms Thomas Berry's description of our cultural predicament and the responses he offers in terms of the Universe Story and the 'great work'. After articulating aspects of this new story, the article proceeds to discuss the implications for a new politics and a new economy. The three elements of the 'great work' that of telling the story, the creation of a new politics and the creation of a new economy are essential to the transformation of society. Yet the political and economic transformation are dependent on real democracy, and all are in need of profound reform.
TRIAL-AND-ERROR SOLVING OF A CONFINEMENT PROBLEM BY A JUMPING SPIDER, PORTIA FIMBRIATA
Authors: Jackson Robert , Carter Chris , Tarsitano Michael 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Portia is a genus of web-invading araneophagic jumping spiders known from earlier studies to derive aggressive-mimicry signals by using a generate-and-test algorithm (trial-and-error tactic). Here P. fimbriata's use of trial-and-error to solve a confinement problem (how to escape from an island surrounded by water) is investigated. Spiders choose between two potential escape tactics (leap or swim), one of which will fail (bring spider no closer to edge of tray) and the other of which will partially succeed (bring spider closer to edge of tray). The particular choice that will partially succeed is unknown to the spider. Using trial-anderror, P.fimbriata solves the confinement problem both when correct choices are rewarded (i.e. when the spider is moved closer to edge of tray) and when incorrect choices are punished (i.e. when the spider gets no closer to edge of tray).
A REVIEW OF THE FAMILY STENASELLIDAE (ISOPODA, ASELLOTA, ASELLOIDEA) OF UNDERGROUND WATERS
Authors: Magniez Guy 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe historical discovery and the successive stages in our knowledge of the family Stenasellidae Dudich, 1924, are described. Their morphological features; the diagnosis of the family, and an updated list of its genera with the respective numbers of their taxa and their main characteristics are given. Also, the biogeography and the ecology of the group and relations between burrowing behaviour and general adaptation to life in all types of continental underground waters, are discussed. Next, the putative evolutionary history of the family is presented, taking into account the active dispersal of these isopods and also the role of Quaternary events: the development of aridity in the northern tropical zone and the occurrence of glaciations in the temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Their general biological adaptation to the absence of circadian stimuli is examined vis-a-vis the fact that biological rhythms are synchronized with the annual flooding events in the subterranean environment. Decouverte historique et progres successifs de la connaissance de la famille des Stenasellidae Dudich, 1924. Caracteres morphologiques originaux; diagnose de la famille; liste mise a jour des genres, nombre de leurs taxons et principales caracteristiques. Biogeographie et ecologie du groupe; relations entre le comportement fouisseur et l'adaptation a la vie dans tous les types de milieux des eaux souterraines continentales. Histoire evolutive presumee de la famille, tenant compte de la capacite d'expansion active de ces Isopodes et du role des evenements quaternaires: developpement du climat aride dans la zone nord-tropicale et intervention des glaciations dans les zones temperees de l'hemisphere nord. Adaptation generale des processus biologiques a l'absence de stimuli externes circadiens, ces processus etant rythmes par la pulsation annuelle du flux des eaux dans l'environnement souterrain, qui joue le role d'un stimulus circannien.
Thermodynamics of (Zn,Fe)S sphalerite. A CVM approach with large basis clusters
Authors: Balabin A. I. , Sack R. O. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe have developed a cluster variation method (CVM) model based on cuboctahedral and octahedral basis clusters containing 13 and 6 atoms, respectively, and applied it to the analysis of the thermodynamic mixing properties of (Zn,Fe)S solid solutions. The model, in which the internal energy of the lattice is approximated by next to nearest neighbour (nnn) pair interactions and many-body interactions associated with nearest neighbour (nn) equilateral triangles, describes the FeS contents of sphalerites equilibrated with pyrrhotite and pyrite, and with pyrrhotite and iron metal within experimental uncertainties. The model predicts moderate deviations from ideality; the mean values of the Lewis and Randall activity coefficient of FeS and ZnS are, 1.48 and 1.03, respectively. Predictions of the model are in qualitative agreement with cell-edge data. The model also predicts that sphalerites undergo long-range ordering to lower-symmetry structures at temperatures only slightly below those investigated experimentally, a result in agreement with inferences from an existing Mössbauer investigation of synthetic sphalerites.More realistic models in which interactions are ascribed to larger species (nn triangular and centred square species) predict that such long-range ordering occurs at even higher temperatures and underscore the need for better characterization of the structures of (Zn,Fe)S minerals.
Anti-Inflammatory Diet and Dementia in Older Adults With Cardiometabolic Diseases
Authors: Dove Abigail , Dunk Michelle M. , Wang Jiao , Guo Jie , Whitmer Rachel A. , Xu Weili 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceInflammation has been proposed as a mechanism linking cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) to increased risk of dementia. However, whether an anti-inflammatory diet can support brain and cognitive health among people with CMDs is unclear.ObjectiveTo examine CMD status and dietary inflammatory potential in association with dementia risk and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures using joint effect analysis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe UK Biobank is an ongoing community-based cohort study with baseline assessments conducted between March 13, 2006, and October 1, 2010. The present study included 84 342 dementia-free older adults (≥60 years), who were followed up until January 20, 2022 (maximum, 15 years). A subsample (n = 8917) underwent brain MRI scans between May 2, 2014, and March 13, 2020.ExposuresBaseline CMDs (including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke) were ascertained from medical records. Dietary Inflammatory Index scores (anti-inflammatory [≤−1.5 points], neutral [&amp;gt;−1.5 to &amp;lt;0.5 points], or proinflammatory [≥0.5 points]) were calculated from participants’ average intake of 31 nutrients, assessed up to 5 times using the Oxford WebQ, a web-based, 24-hour dietary assessment.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncident dementia was identified through linkage to medical records. Regional brain volumes were collected from brain MRI scans.ResultsThe study included 84 342 participants (mean [SD] age, 64.1 [2.9] years; 43 220 [51.2%] female). At baseline, 14 079 (16.7%) had at least 1 CMD. Over a median follow-up of 12.4 (IQR, 11.8-13.1) years, 1559 individuals (1.9%) developed dementia. With the use of joint effect analysis, the hazard ratio of dementia was 2.38 (95% CI, 1.93-2.93) for people with CMDs and a proinflammatory diet and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.36-2.00) for those with CMDs and an anti-inflammatory diet (reference: CMD-free, anti-inflammatory diet). Dementia risk was 31% lower (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55-0.88; P = .003) among people with CMDs and an anti-inflammatory diet. On brain MRI, participants with CMDs and an anti-inflammatory diet compared with a proinflammatory diet additionally had significantly larger gray matter volume (β = −0.15; 95% CI, −0.24 to −0.06 vs β = −0.27; 95% CI, −0.38 to −0.16) and smaller white matter hyperintensity volume (β = 0.05; 95% CI, −0.04 to 0.14 vs β = 0.16; 95% CI, 0.05-0.27).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, people with CMDs and an anti-inflammatory compared with proinflammatory diet had a significantly lower hazard ratio of dementia, larger gray matter volume, and smaller white matter hyperintensity volume.
Emergency Severity Index Version 4 and Triage of Pediatric Emergency Department Patients
Authors: Sax Dana R. , Warton E. Margaret , Kene Mamata V. , Ballard Dustin W. , Vitale Tina J. , Timm Jenna A. , Adams Eloa S. , McGauhey Katherine R. , Pines Jesse M. , Reed Mary E. ,   Kaiser Permanente Clinical Research on Emergency Services & Treatments (CREST) Network, Rauchwerger Adina S , Di Lena Daniel D 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceMost emergency departments (EDs) across the US use the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) to predict acuity and resource needs. A comprehensive assessment of ESI accuracy among pediatric patients is lacking.ObjectiveTo assess the frequency of mistriage using ESI (version 4) among pediatric ED visits using automated measures of mistriage and identify characteristics associated with mistriage.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used operational measures for each ESI level to classify encounters as undertriaged, overtriaged, or correctly triaged to assess the accuracy of the ESI and identify characteristics of mistriage. Participants were pediatric patients at 21 EDs within Kaiser Permanente Northern California from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020. During that time, version 4 of the ESI was in use by these EDs. Visits with missing ESI, incomplete ED time variables, patients transferred from another ED, and those who left against medical advice or without being seen were excluded. Data were analyzed between January 2022 and June 2023.ExposuresAssigned ESI level.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRates of undertriage and overtriage by assigned ESI level based on mistriage algorithm, patient and visit characteristics associated with undertriage and overtriage.ResultsThis study included 1 016 816 pediatric ED visits; the mean (SD) age of patients was 7.3 (5.6) years, 479 610 (47.2%) were female, and 537 206 (52.8%) were male. Correct triage occurred in 346 918 visits (34.1%; 95% CI, 34.0%-34.2%), while overtriage and undertriage occurred in 594 485 visits (58.5%; 95% CI, 58.4%-58.6%) and 75 413 visits (7.4%; 95% CI, 7.4%-7.5%), respectively. In adjusted analyses, undertriage was more common among children at least 6 years old compared with those younger 6 years; male patients compared with female patients; patients with Asian, Black, or Hispanic or other races or ethnicities compared with White patients; patients with comorbid illnesses compared with those without; and patients who arrived by ambulance compared with nonambulance patients.Conclusions and RelevanceThis multicenter retrospective study found that mistriage with ESI version 4 was common in pediatric ED visits. There is an opportunity to improve pediatric ED triage, both in early identification of critically ill patients (limit undertriage) and in more accurate identification of low-acuity patients with low resource needs (limit overtriage). Future research should include assessments based on version 5 of the ESI, which was released after this study was completed.
Dual‐branch Transformer for semi‐supervised medical image segmentation
Authors: Huang Xiaojie , Zhu Yating , Shao Minghan , Xia Ming , Shen Xiaoting , Wang Pingli , Wang Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeIn recent years, the use of deep learning for medical image segmentation has become a popular trend, but its development also faces some challenges. Firstly, due to the specialized nature of medical data, precise annotation is time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. Training neural networks effectively with limited labeled data is a significant challenge in medical image analysis. Secondly, convolutional neural networks commonly used for medical image segmentation research often focus on local features in images. However, the recognition of complex anatomical structures or irregular lesions often requires the assistance of both local and global information, which has led to a bottleneck in its development. Addressing these two issues, in this paper, we propose a novel network architecture.MethodsWe integrate a shift window mechanism to learn more comprehensive semantic information and employ a semi‐supervised learning strategy by incorporating a flexible amount of unlabeled data. Specifically, a typical U‐shaped encoder‐decoder structure is applied to obtain rich feature maps. Each encoder is designed as a dual‐branch structure, containing Swin modules equipped with windows of different size to capture features of multiple scales. To effectively utilize unlabeled data, a level set function is introduced to establish consistency between the function regression and pixel classification.ResultsWe conducted experiments on the COVID‐19 CT dataset and DRIVE dataset and compared our approach with various semi‐supervised and fully supervised learning models. On the COVID‐19 CT dataset, we achieved a segmentation accuracy of up to 74.56%. Our segmentation accuracy on the DRIVE dataset was 79.79%.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate the outstanding performance of our method on several commonly used evaluation metrics. The high segmentation accuracy of our model demonstrates that utilizing Swin modules with different window sizes can enhance the feature extraction capability of the model, and the level set function can enable semi‐supervised models to more effectively utilize unlabeled data. This provides meaningful insights for the application of deep learning in medical image segmentation. Our code will be released once the manuscript is accepted for publication.
Dual‐Functional LiCl Additive for Highly Reversible Zinc Metal Anode
Authors: Song Yang , Liu Yongduo , Long Daojun , Tao Xiongxin , Luo Shijian , Yang Yuran , Chen Hao , Wang Meng , Chen Siguo , Wei Zidong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractZinc metal has emerged as a promising candidate for high‐capacity and low‐cost anodes in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries; nevertheless, it encounters serious obstacles, including low cycling stability and poor reversibility, caused by parasitic reactions and the formation of zinc dendrites. Herein, the study proposes a novel nonprotonic dimethylacetamide (DMAC)/ZnCl2/LiCl electrolyte that enables both solvation structural modulation of [ZnClx]2‐x and the cationic electrostatic shielding effect of [Li(DMAC)]+ by controlling the concentration of LiCl. The optimal concentration of LiCl electrolyte (0.28 m), which results in the highest ratio of [ZnCl3]−, strikes a balance between low desolvation energy and a high mass transfer rate while promoting homoepitaxial deposition of Zn (002). Moreover, inert [Li(DMAC)]+ ions, which possess a lower reduction potential, preferentially adsorb onto zinc protrusions, mitigating the tip effect. Leveraging electrolyte engineering, the zinc deposition/stripping process results in impressive long‐term stability, surpassing 2,800 cycles, and the Zn||MnO2 cell also achieves a stable lifespan extending beyond 1400 cycles. The research highlights the potential of LiCl as an additive in the modulation of water‐free electrolytes.