bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐MOFs Containing Flexible α,ω‐Alkane‐dicarboxylates and Bis(imidazole) Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties
Authors: Gong Ya‐Qiong , Jia Hong‐Yun , Zhang Shu‐Hai 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThree structurally related flexible bis(imidazole) ligands reacted with Co(NO3)2·6H2O and succinic acid (L1) to yield three new metal‐organic frameworks {[Co(L1)(L2)]·(H2O)}n (1) [L2 = 2‐bis(imidazol‐1‐yl)ethane], {[Co(L1)(L3)](H2O)}n (2) [L3 = 1,4‐bis(imidazol‐1‐yl) butane], and {[Co(L1)(L4)]·(H2O)}n (3) [L4 = 1,4‐bis(2‐methyl‐imidazol‐1‐yl)butane], respectively. These complexes were synthesized under solvothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, as well as thermal analyses. Interestingly, the ligands in these complexes exhibit different conformations and further cause three different configurations. Complex 1 shows a three‐dimensional (3D) framework, which is connected by two‐dimensional (2D) layer structures through hydrogen bonds. Complex 2 is a diamond structure with threefold interpenetration. Complex 3 is a 3D framework linked by hydrogen bonds like complex 1.
Ethical Issues in the Introduction of New Technologies: From Mis to POEM
Authors: Ferreres Alberto R. , Patti Marco 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe ethical debate regarding the introduction of new technologies in the surgical health care environment is discussed in this manuscript, with a special emphasis on minimally invasive and NOTES procedures for the treatment of esophageal achalasia. It offers an overview of the ethical principles and considerations about the implementation of new techniques and technologies.
Environmental Factors and Beta2‐Adrenergic Receptor Polymorphism: Influence on the Energy Expenditure and Nutritional Status of Obese Women
Authors: Rosado Eliane Lopes , Bressan Josefina , Martínez J. Alfredo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOur aim was to evaluate the influence of the Gln27Glu polymorphism of the β2‐adrenergic receptor (ADRβ2) gene, fat intake and physical activity on the energy expenditure (EE) and nutritional status of obese women. Sixty obese women (30–46 years) participated in the study and were assigned to three groups depending on the genotypes: Gln27Gln, Gln27Glu and Glu27Glu. At baseline and after nutritional intervention, the anthropometric and body composition (bioelectrical impedance), dietary, EE (indirect calorimetry) and biochemical variables were measured. All women received a high‐fat test meal to determine the postprandial EE (short‐term) and an energy‐restricted diet for 10 weeks (long term). The frequencies of Gln27Gln, Gln27Glu and Glu27Glu were 36.67, 40.0 and 23.33 %, respectively. Anthropometric and biochemical variables and EE did not differ between groups, although women who had no polymorphism demonstrated decreased carbohydrate oxidation. On the other hand, the Glu27Glu genotype showed a positive relation with EE in physical activity and fat oxidation. The environmental factors and Gln27Glu polymorphism did not influence the nutritional status and EE of obese women, but physical activity in obese women with the polymorphism in the ADRβ2 gene can promote fat oxidation. The results suggest that encouraging the practice of physical exercise is important considering the high frequency of this polymorphism in obese subjects.
Ieodoglucomide C and Ieodoglycolipid, New Glycolipids from a Marine‐Derived Bacterium Bacillus licheniformis 09IDYM23
Authors: Tareq Fakir Shahidullah , Lee Hyi‐Seung , Lee Yeon‐Ju , Lee Jong Seok , Shin Hee Jae 
Published: April 2015

AbstractChemical examination of the ethyl acetate extract from the fermentation broth of the marine‐derived bacterium Bacillus licheniformis resulted in the isolation of two new glycolipids, ieodoglucomide C (1) and ieodoglycolipid (2). The structural characterization of 1 and 2 was achieved by extensive spectroscopic evidence, including 2D NMR experiments. A combination of chemical derivatization techniques followed by NMR studies, LC‐MS data analysis and a literature review was deployed for the establishment of the stereo‐configurations of 1 and 2. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited good antibiotic properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MICs ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 μM. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of 1 and 2 was evaluated against plant pathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum acutatum as well as the human pathogen Candida albicans. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited the mycelial growth of these pathogens with MIC values of 0.03–0.05 μM, revealing that these compounds are good candidates for the development of new fungicides.
Immunoglobulin G4‐related disease with recurrent obstructive jaundice
Authors: Chiu Yu‐Hsiang , Chan De‐Chuan , Shih Yu‐Lueng 
Published: April 2015

SummaryA 51‐year‐old man was referred to our clinic for recurrent obstructive jaundice and underwent pylorus‐preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy for a suspected malignancy. The pathology showed immunoglobulin G4 positive plasma cell infiltrated at the pancreas and the gallbladder. We discuss the cost‐effectiveness of serum immunoglobulin G4 level prior to arranging for a pancreaticoduodenectomy, which would reduce the possibility of surgical complications as well as costs.
Condoms used to assist difficult endoscopic removal of impacted upper esophageal foreign bodies
Authors: Lin Lian Feng 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe use of a homemade balloon dilator and protector hood composed of condoms for assisting the removal of sharp foreign bodies lodged in the upper esophagus in difficult cases is reported. A conventional endoscopic method failed to remove two sharp bones and two press‐through packages became impacted in the upper esophagus. A condom was used to make a balloon dilator that was attached to a flexible endoscope in an attempt to dilate the upper esophageal sphincter to dislodge the impacted sharp bones. This handmade condom balloon dilator succeeded in dislodging the two tightly impacted sharp bones and assisted in removing the impacted objects in the upper esophagus. Additionally, a condom was tied to the distal end of the scope to act as a protector hood to protect the esophageal mucosa when removing the sharp packages. The two impacted press‐through packages were pushed into the lower esophagus or stomach and removed uneventfully using the condom protector hood. Subsequent endoscopy disclosed no relevant mucosal damage after the successful removal and the patients did well after discharge from the emergency department. In conclusion, condom‐based endoscopic balloon dilatation is a simple and accessible method for assisting the endoscopic removal of tightly impacted, sharp foreign bodies in the upper esophagus. A condom can also be used as a protector hood to avoid mucosal injury when removing impacted, sharp press‐through packages when a commercial protector hood is not available.
The role of glaciations in the biosphere
Authors: Chumakov N.M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Glaciations took place in five long intervals of the geologic history, called glacioeras: Kaapvaal (Late Archean), Huronian (Early Proterozoic), African (Late Proterozoic), Gondwanan (Paleozoic), and unfinished Antarctic (Late Cenozoic). The glacioeras were similar in structure, duration, and dynamics of evolution. They consisted of three to six glacioperiods including several discrete glacio-epochs. The glacioeras lasted ~ 200 Myr. They started with small regional glaciations, which expanded, reached intercontinental sizes, and then quickly degraded. There were serious differences between the Precambrian and Phanerozoic glacioeras. A series of ecologic crises related to numerous glacial events led first to abiotic and then to biotic factors. Glaciations caused extinction and stagnation of the Earth’s biota, the appearance of bionovations and new biota, and acceleration of evolution processes. Thus, the glacioeras were the turning intervals of the biosphere evolution.
The room for the Vendian in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart
Authors: Grazhdankin D.V. , Maslov A.V. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The Vendian was proposed by B.S. Sokolov as a stratigraphic subdivision comprising the last of the Proterozoic glacial periods (the Laplandian Glaciation) and the overlying strata delineated by a full stratigraphic range of fossil soft-bodied organisms. For over three decades the Vendian had been an informal part of the Standard Global Chronostratigraphic Chart, until 2004, when it gave place to the new Ediacaran System. Further research has shown that the Ediacaran System significantly exceeds the stratigraphic range of the Vendian in Sokolov’s definition and includes stratigraphic analogs of the Laplandian Glaciation in sections across North America, Australia, Newfoundland, Scotland, Ireland, Chinese Tien Shan Range, and Tasmanian microcontinent. Carbon isotope variations in carbonates provide criteria for subdivision of the Ediacaran into two series. If a relationship between the Laplandian Glacial Period (600–580 Ma) and the negative excursions EN2 and EN3 on the δ13C curve for the Doushantuo Formation of China is established, the Vendian might take its place in the Standard Global Chronostratigraphic Chart as a formal upper series of the Ediacaran System. The Vendian Series, in turn, might be further subdivided into the Laplandian, Redkinian, Belomorian, and Kotlinian stages typified by regional stages of the Vendian of the East European Platform.
Microfossils and biofacies of the Vendian fossil biota in the southern Siberian Platform
Authors: Nagovitsin K.E. , Kochnev B.B. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Based on the study of the litho- and biofacies of the Vendian Nepa Horizon in the central area of the Siberian Platform inland, a paleoecological model for the Vendian microbiota has been developed. The sedimentation environments of the Katanga saddle have been reconstructed, and three sedimentary systems have been recognized: (1) lower continental, formed by the deposits of proluvial fans and riverbeds of temporary streams; (2) middle transgressive, made up of littoral sand facies in the lower part and of fine-clastic shelf strata in the upper part; and (3) upper, of sea highstand, composed of alternating sand bank facies and fine-clastic lagoon deposits. Four biofacies have been recognized in the fine-terrigenous deposits of the Nepa Horizon: (1) Appendisphaera, represented by a Doushantuo–Pertatataka acanthomorph assemblage; (2) Transitional, with a great diversity of plankton and benthic (including complex) taxa; (3) Vanavarataenia, dominated by Vanavarataenia complex benthic algae; and (4) Oscillatoriopsis, represented by taxonomically poor biotas with morphologically simple (mainly prokaryotic) remains. These biofacies are confined to the following sedimentation environments: Appendisphaera is widespread in the distal open-sea areas; the Transitional biofacies is localized in the distal environments of the semi-isolated inner basin; Vanavarataenia occurs in the proximal areas; and Oscillatoriopsis is typical of the shallow-water environments, both extended (corresponding to the highstand period) and local.
Correlation of chronostratigraphic and biostratigraphic units (example of the Silurian System)
Authors: Tesakov Yu.I. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
It is suggested to perform chronostratigraphic division using type sections instead of boundary stratotypes, which are rather virtual units devoid of material content representing the respective deposition events. In this respect, global chronozones are more preferable for subdivision of stages than biozones poorly constrained in space and time. The stratotype-based approach to division of stages is advantageous, being associated with the deposition of chronostratigraphic units recorded in holo- and hypostratotypes.
Evaluation of the p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and its association with cancer risk: a HuGE review and meta-analysis
Authors: KHAN MOHAMMAD HAROON , KHALIL AFTAB , RASHID HAMID 
Published: April 2015

SummaryCodon 72 is a hotspot of polymorphisms in the TP53 gene, which encodes a hub protein in the protein–protein interaction network of p53. It is thus a central player in the apoptotic pathway, preventing cancer. A large number of articles have been published exploring its association with an increased susceptibility to most common cancers. However, these studies have produced inconclusive results, which may be due to their small sample sizes or study designs. To comprehensively evaluate the potential correlation between the TP53 Pro72Arg polymorphism and cancer risk and to better characterize the Pro72Arg polymorphism, we performed a systematic HuGE review and meta-analysis of candidate studies through online resources, according to the proposal of MOOSE and the PRISMA statement. The identified articles were carefully examined according to the inclusion criteria. Pooled odds ratios were calculated on the basis of different genetic models, while heterogeneity was assessed through a chi-based Q-test and I2. After applying the inclusion filters, we obtained a pool of 54 eligible studies, representing 18 718 cases and 21 261 controls. Overall, non-significant cancer risk was observed in all the genetic models but their observed heterogeneity was extremely significant. In subgroup analysis, an increased susceptibility was observed in the case of colorectal cancer, while in cancers of the female reproductive system, significantly increased risk was detected in all the genetic models except the dominant model. In another subgroup analysis, significantly increased cancer risk was observed among Asians in homozygous and recessive models, while in Americans increased cancer risk was observed only in dominant and recessive models. No association was observed in the rest of the populations. In conclusion, pooled subgroup analysis on the basis of ethnicity proved that the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of cancer in Asians and Americans only and is not associated in other populations. It can therefore be concluded that this meta-analysis of available data suggests partial confirmation of the association between the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and cancer risk susceptibility.
COMPOSITION IS NOT RESEARCH
Authors: Croft John 
Published: April 2015

AbstractComposers in academic institutions are increasingly required to describe their activities in terms of ‘research’ – formulating ‘research questions’, ‘research narratives’, ‘aims’ and ‘outcomes’. Research plans and funding applications require one to specify the nature of the original contribution that will be made by a piece of music, even before it is composed. These requirements lead to an emphasis on collaborative work, technology and superficial novelty of format. Yet the very idea that musical composition is a form of research is a category error: music is a domain of thought whose cognitive dimension lies in embodiment, revelation or presentation, but not in investigation and description. It is argued here that the idea of composition as research is not only objectively false but inimical to genuine musical originality.
CONFUSION IN THE SERVICE OF DISCOVERY
Authors: Hooper Michael 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWhile some research results from consistent processes, careful methodologies and detailed planning, much practice-based research resists these strategies, privileging knowledge that remains complex and unstable. This knowledge frequently sits outside sequences of analysis, such as testing or deduction. Yet there is nothing new about the kind of knowledge that resists clarity. In The Progressive Poetics of Confusion in the French Enlightenment, John O'Neal argues for complexity and confusion as essential parts of an Enlightenment project in writing from the eighteenth century, and claims that authors pursued these strategies ‘because they preferred in certain ways to see confusion, not order, as representative of a dynamic new state of mind and society awaiting discovery’. Alongside O'Neal's work, this article considers Gemma Fiumara's The Other Side of Language: A Philosophy of Listening, in which confusion is also central. The article explores these ideas in connection with a performance of Michael Finnissy's Confusion in the Service of Discovery. It argues for confusion as a positive aspect of research from beginning to end, rather than as a circumscribed phase that precedes outcomes. The inclusion of a musical performance demonstrates (performs) the different theoretical languages that the prose describes.
How to win friends and influence people: climate scientists’ perspectives on their relationship with and influence on government officials
Authors: Stoutenborough James W. , Bromley-Trujillo Rebecca , Vedlitz Arnold 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe use of scientific information in the policy-making process is prevalent in today’s society, and political figures frequently consult scientists and experts when considering complex issues like climate change. While policy process literature concerning agenda setting and policy networks, such as epistemic communities and advocacy coalitions, considers the role of scientists in policymaking, very little work has provided insight into the relative influence and perceived relationships between scientists and policymakers. The ability of scientists and policymakers to work together has important implications for policy outcomes. We explore individual scientist’s perceptions of the collective influence the scientific community has on policymaking, in addition to perceptions of relationships between scientists and policymakers. We suggest that a number of factors are relevant including trust, contact, attitudes, specialisation and demographics. Our findings indicate that, from scientists’ perspectives, contact with policymakers, trust and attitudes about climate change play a significant role in shaping their relationship with policymakers.
Tuberculosis in native Israeli Arabs and Jews: trends and treatment outcomes, 1999–2011
Authors: BISHARA H. , GOLDBLATT D. , RORMAN E. , MOR Z. 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYThe incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in native ethnic minorities remains high in developed countries. Arabs, the major ethnic minority in Israel, comprise 21% of its population. This retrospective study compared TB incidence, demographic, clinical, laboratory, genotyping characteristics and treatment outcomes in all Israeli-born citizens diagnosed with TB between 1999 and 2011 by ethnicity, i.e. Israeli-born Arabs (IA) and Jews (IJ). A total of 831 Israeli-born TB patients were reported. Of those, there were 530 (64%) IJ and 301 (36%) IA, with an average annual TB rate of 1·1 and 1·6 cases/100 000 population, respectively, lower than the national average (7·0 cases/100 000 population). TB rates in IA and IJ declined and converged to 1 case/100 000 residents. IA TB patients were more likely to be older, have more pulmonary TB and have lower treatment success rates than IJ. Older age and HIV co-infection, but not ethnicity, were predictive of non-success in TB treatment. Ten mixed IA–IJ clades were detected by spoligotyping and three mixed IA–IJ clusters were identified by MIRU-VNTR typing. Only one IA–IJ couple recalled mutual contact. In conclusion, TB rate in IA was higher than in IJ, but declined and converged in both to 1 case/100 000. Treatment success was high in both groups, and was unrelated to ethnicity.
Feeding site preference of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on maize grain
Authors: Nwosu L.C. , Adedire C.O. , Ogunwolu E.O. 
Published: April 2015

The possibility thatSitophilus zeamaisMotschulsky prefers a particular grain side and a grain side area for feeding, and the implications and value in maize programmes' breeding for resistance were investigated in the laboratory at ambient temperature (32.7 °C) and relative humidity (70.4%) using standard techniques. A total of 20 elite maize varieties were used: TZBRCOMP.2C1F1, TZBRELD3C5, PVASYN-3F2, PVASYN-6F2, DTSYN-11-W, BR9943DMRSR, IWDC3SNY-W, WHITEDTSTRSYN, 2008DTMA-YSTR and 2000SYNEE-WSTR, obtained from the Maize Breeding Unit of International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, and ILE-1-OB, IFEMAIZEHYBRID-1, IFEMAIZEHYBRID-2, IFEMAIZEHYBRID-5, IFEMAIZEHYBRID-6, ARTCOMPOSITE-A-Y, ARTCOMPOSITE-B-Y, ART/98/SW1-OB, ART/98/SW4-OB and ART/98/SW5-OB, obtained from the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&amp;T), Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria. The flat side of a maize grain at the point of penetration was significantly preferred (P≤ 0.05), possibly because it provided much needed space for anchorage and feeding. The South locus of the flattened side of a maize grain was also significantly preferred (P≤ 0.05), possibly because of its soft nature and proximity to the nutrient-rich embryo. The findings of the study have implications for seed viability and can be considered in breeding for resistance to infestation byS. zeamaisin stored maize.
The spatial distribution of shallow-water (<150 m) black corals (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) in the Hawaiian Archipelago
Authors: Wagner Daniel 
Published: April 2015

The Hawaiian Archipelago contains some of the best surveyed black coral populations on the globe; however, most previous surveys have grouped all black coral species into a single category. As a result, the unique ecological features of individual species have not been identified. This study mapped the spatial distribution of eight antipatharian species (Antipathes griggi,Antipathes grandis,Cirrhipathescf.anguina,Stichopathes echinulata,Stichopathes?sp.,Aphanipathes verticillata,Acanthopathes undulataandMyriopathescf.ulex) found in shallow-waters (&lt;150 m) along the Hawaiian Archipelago, and compared data on substrate type, depth and temperature among species. All black coral species were exclusively recorded on hard substrates and were generally widely distributed along the Hawaiian Islands. Additionally, antipatharian species were found at overlapping depths and temperatures, although there were significant differences in the mean depths and temperatures between most species. In cases where species did not have significant differences in mean depths, the overlapping species had different colony and polyp morphologies, which may serve to minimize competition by allowing species to grow most efficiently under particular current regimes. This study represents one of the first to map the spatial distribution of sympatric antipatharian species, and indicates that individual species exploit unique environments in terms of depth and temperature or have unique morphologies to avoid overlap.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia: where did we start, where are we now, and the future
Authors: Coombs C C , Tavakkoli M , Tallman M S 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHistorically, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) was considered to be one of the most fatal forms of acute leukemia with poor outcomes before the introduction of the vitamin A derivative all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). With considerable advances in therapy, including the introduction of ATRA initially as a single agent and then in combination with anthracyclines, and more recently by development of arsenic trioxide (ATO)-containing regimens, APL is now characterized by complete remission rates of 90% and cure rates of ∼80%, even higher among low-risk patients. Furthermore, with ATRA–ATO combinations, chemotherapy may safely be omitted in low-risk patients. The disease is now considered to be the most curable subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults. Nevertheless, APL remains associated with a significant incidence of early death related to the characteristic bleeding diathesis. Early death, rather than resistant disease so common in all other subtypes of AML, has emerged as the major cause of treatment failure.