bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating cost when selecting performance reference compounds for the environmental deployment of polyethylene passive samplers
Authors: Perron Monique M , Burgess Robert M , Cantwell Mark G , Fernandez Loretta A 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A challenge in environmental passive sampling is determining when equilibrium is achieved between the sampler, target contaminants, and environmental phases. A common approach is the use of performance reference compounds (PRCs) to estimate target contaminant sampling rates and indicate degree of sampler equilibrium. One logistical issue associated with using PRCs is their sometimes exorbitant cost. To address PRC expense, this investigation 1) compared the performance of inexpensive PRCs (deuterated PAHs) and expensive PRCs (13C-labeled PCBs) to estimate dissolved PCB concentrations in freshwater and marine deployments, and 2) evaluated the use of smaller quantities of PRC relative to regular amounts used for estimating dissolved PAH and PCB concentrations. Saltwater and freshwater site average differences between total dissolved PCB concentrations calculated using the 2 classes of PRCs was 34 pg/L (20%) and 340 pg/L (51%), respectively, and in some deployments, statistical differences in PCB concentrations generated by the 2 types of PRCs were detected. However, no statistical differences were detected between total dissolved PAH and PCB for the 3 quantities of PRCs. In both investigations, individual dissolved PCB congeners and PAH compounds demonstrated comparable behavior as those expressed as total PCB or PAH dissolved concentrations. This research provides evidence that in some applications passive sampling using inexpensive and smaller quantities of PRCs can yield cost savings of approximately 75%. This approach appears most promising in the marine water column and when focusing on dissolved concentrations of low and medium molecular weight congeners or total PCBs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015;11:256–265. Published 2014 SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the USA.
Key Points
Inexpensive performance reference compounds (PRCs) were scientifically effective in water column passive sampling Inexpensive PRCs were most effective in the marine deployments For some applications, cost-savings may be realized while retaining scientific accuracy using inexpensive PRCs Suggested applications for inexpensive PRCs include the preliminary assessment/site inspection portion of the Superfund site assessments
Prognostic value of pathologic fracture in patients with high grade localized osteosarcoma: A systemic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Sun Lingling , Li Yingiun , Zhang Jian , Li Hengyuan , Li Binghao , Ye Zhaoming 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTConsensus has not been reached regarding the ability of pathologic fracture to predict local recurrence and survival in osteosarcoma. We aim to review the available evidence to examine the association between pathologic fracture and osteosarcoma prognosis. A comprehensive literature search for relevant studies published until March 2014 was performed using PubMed, Cochrane and Web of Science. The studies investigating pathologic fracture of osteosarcoma patients were systematically analyzed. The overall relative risk (RR) was estimated using a fixed‐effect model or random‐effect model according to heterogeneity between the trials. We included nine cohort studies involving 2,187 patients (311 with pathologic fracture and 1,876 without fracture) for the analysis of survival rate and local recurrence. Studies were assessed for quality using the Newcastle–Ottawa Assessment Scale. In the fixed‐effects model, the meta‐analysis showed that pathologic fracture in osteosarcoma patients predicted poor 3‐year overall survival (OS) (RR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.37–2.53, p < 0.001) and 5‐year OS (RR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.06–1.70, p = 0.016). Similarly, pathologic fracture was significantly correlated with worse 3‐year event free survival (EFS) (RR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.21–1.92, p < 0.001) and 5‐year EFS (RR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03–1.49, p = 0.021), whereas no significant association was noted with local recurrence (RR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.84–2.02, p = 0.233). The meta‐analysis confirmed that pathologic fracture in osteosarcoma was a prognostic marker for both OS and EFS but not for local recurrence. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:131–139, 2015.
Improved purification of immunoglobulin G from plasma by mixed‐mode chromatography
Authors: Chai Dong‐Sheng , Sun Yan , Wang Xiao‐Ning , Shi Qing‐Hong 
Published: September 2014

Efficient loading of immunoglobulin G in mixed‐mode chromatography is often a serious bottleneck in the chromatographic purification of immunoglobulin G. In this work, a mixed‐mode ligand, 4‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl) aniline, was coupled to Sepharose Fast Flow to fabricate AN SepFF adsorbents with ligand densities of 15–64 mmol/L, and the chromatographic performances of these adsorbents were thoroughly investigated to identify a feasible approach to improve immunoglobulin G purification. The results indicate that a critical ligand density exists for immunoglobulin G on the AN SepFF adsorbents. Above the critical ligand density, the adsorbents showed superior selectivity to immunoglobulin G at high salt concentrations, and also exhibited much higher dynamic binding capacities. For immunoglobulin G purification, both the yield and binding capacity increased with adsorbent ligand density along with a decrease in purity. It is difficult to improve the binding capacity, purity, and yield of immunoglobulin G simultaneously in AN SepFF chromatography. By using tandem AN SepFF chromatography, a threefold increase in binding capacity as well as high purity and yield of immunoglobulin G were achieved. Therefore, the tandem chromatography demonstrates that AN SepFF adsorbent is a practical and feasible alternative to MEP HyperCel adsorbents for immunoglobulin G purification.
Computer‐assisted design and synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers for the simultaneous determination of six carbamate pesticides from environmental water
Authors: Qi Peipei , Wang Xiangyun , Wang Xinquan , Zhang Hu , Xu Hao , Jiang Kezhi , Wang Qiang 
Published: September 2014

The computer‐assisted design and synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers for the simultaneous capture of six carbamate pesticides from environmental water are reported in this work. The quantum mechanical computational approach was employed to design the molecularly imprinted polymers with carbofuran as template. The interaction energies between the template molecule and different functional monomers in various solvents were calculated to assist in the selection of the functional monomer and porogen. The optimised molecularly imprinted polymer was subsequently used as a class‐selective sorbent in solid‐phase extraction for pre‐concentration and determination of carbamates from environmental water. The parameters influencing the extraction efficiency of the molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction procedure were systematically investigated to facilitate the class‐selective extraction. For the proposed method, linearity was observed over the range of 2–500 ng/mL with the correlation coefficient ranging from 0.9760 to 1.000. The limits of detection ranged from 0.2 to 1.2 ng/mL, and the limit of quantification was 4 ng/mL. These results confirm that computer‐assisted design is an effective evaluation tool for molecularly imprinted polymers synthesis, and that molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction can be applied to the simultaneous analysis of carbamates in environmental water.
Characterization of natural organic colorants in historical and art objects by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Pauk Volodymyr , Barták Petr , Lemr Karel 
Published: September 2014

High‐performance liquid chromatography plays an important role in analysis of historical organic colorants. A number of papers have been published in this field over the last 30 years. Classification of the most commonly used natural dyes and an overview of high‐performance liquid chromatography methods with main focus on recent works (2008 to the beginning of 2014) are provided. The review deals with an entire analytical protocol covering sample preparation, chromatographic separation, and suitable detection (UV/visible and fluorescent spectroscopy and mass spectrometric techniques). High‐performance liquid chromatography has been successfully used in the complete characterization of some organic dyestuffs present in historical and art objects. The possibilities and difficulties for identification of natural sources of historical colorants are also discussed.
Inquiry, Engagement, and Literacy in Science: A Retrospective, Cross‐National Analysis Using PISA 2006
Authors: McCONNEY ANDREW , OLIVER MARY C. , WOODS‐McCONNEY AMANDA , SCHIBECI RENATO , MAOR DORIT 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, we examine patterns of students’ literacy and engagement in science associated with different levels of “inquiry‐oriented” learning reported by students in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. To achieve this, we analyzed data from the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development's 2006 Programme for International Student Assessment, which had science as its focus. Consistently, our findings show that science students who report experiencing low levels of inquiry‐oriented learning activities are found to have above‐average levels of science literacy, but below‐average levels of interest in science, and below‐average levels on six variables that reflect students’ engagement in science. Our findings show that the corollary is also true. Across the three countries, students who report high levels of inquiry‐oriented learning activities in science are observed to have below‐average levels of science literacy, but above‐average levels of interest in learning science, and above‐average engagement in science. These findings appear to run counter to science education orthodoxy that the more students experience inquiry‑oriented teaching and learning, the more likely they are to have stronger science literacy, as well as more positive affect toward science. We discuss the implications of these findings for science educators and researchers.
Comparative proteomic analysis of a Candida albicans DSE1 mutant under filamentous and non‐filamentous conditions
Authors: Zohbi Rasha , Wex Brigitte , Khalaf Roy A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCandida albicans is a common opportunistic pathogen that causes a variety of diseases in immunocompromised hosts. In a pathogen, cell wall proteins are important virulence factors. We previously characterized Dse1 as a cell wall protein necessary for virulence and resistance to cell surface‐disrupting agents, such as Calcofluor white, chitin deposition, proper adhesion and biofilm formation. In the absence of decomplexation, our objectives were to investigate differential proteomic expression of a DSE1 mutant strain compared to the wild‐type strain. The strains were grown under filamentous and non‐filamentous conditions. The extracted cell proteome was subjected to tryptic digest, followed by generation of peptide profiles using MALDI–TOF MS. Generated peptide profiles were analysed and unique peaks for each strain and growth condition mined against a Candida database, allowing protein identification. The DSE1 mutant was shown to lack the chitin biosynthesis protein Chs5, explaining the previously observed decrease in chitin biosynthesis. The wild‐type strain expressed Pra1, involved in pH response and zinc acquisition, Atg15, a lipase involved in virulence, and Sod1, required for oxidative stress tolerance, in addition to proteins involved in protein biosynthesis, explaining the increase in total protein content observed compared to the mutants strain. The mutant, on the other hand, expressed glucoamylase 1, a cell wall glycoprotein involved in carbohydrate metabolism cell wall degradation and biofilm formation. As such, MALDI–TOF MS is a reliable technique in identifying mutant‐specific protein expression in C. albicans. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ferrimagnetism in the High Pressure 6H‐Perovskite BaCrO3
Authors: Arevalo‐Lopez Angel M. , Reeves Simon J. , Attfield J. Paul 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe 6‐layered hexagonal polymorph of BaCrO3 has been synthesized at 900 °C under a pressure of 9 GPa. The hexagonal structure (space group P63/mmc, cell parameters a = 5.3809(9) and c = 13.123(3) Å at 300 K) is stable on cooling down to 5 K. Ferrimagnetism with a small saturated magnetization of approx. 0.1 μB is observed below a Curie transition at TC = 192 K, and neutron diffraction shows that a simple collinear ferrimagnetic spin structure with moments parallel to c is adopted.
Intraoperative Diagnosis of Central Compartment Lymph Node Metastasis Predicts Recurrence of Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Clinically Node‐Negative Lateral Neck and May Guide Extent of Initial Surgery
Authors: Lee Chang Wook , Gong Gyungyup , Roh Jong‐Lyel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough lymph node (LN) metastasis (LNM) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is common, routine prophylactic LN dissection (LND) is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate risk factors for recurrence of PTC with clinically node‐negative lateral neck to determine the utility of intraoperative LN biopsy.Materials and methodsThis study involved 185 patients with pathologically confirmed PTC and clinically node‐negative lateral neck. All patients underwent thyroidectomy with or without ipsilateral or bilateral central LND after intraoperative central LN biopsy. Routine lateral neck LND was not performed. Clinicopathologic and intraoperative findings and post‐treatment recurrences were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses with Cox‐proportional hazards model were used to identify factors associated with recurrence.ResultsDuring a follow‐up of 50–96 months, six (3.2 %) patients had recurrences in lateral cervical LNs at a median 28 months (range 7–57 months) after surgery. Overall, 2‐ and 5‐year RFS rates were 98.4 and 96.7 %, respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that tumor size (P = 0.005), bilaterality (P = 0.033), T4 disease (P < 0.001), and intraoperative diagnosis of central LNM (P = 0.001) were significantly predictive of recurrence. Multivariate analyses showed that T4 disease (P = 0.049) and intraoperative diagnosis of central LNM (P = 0.027) were independently predictive of recurrence.ConclusionsProphylactic lateral neck LND is not advocated for PTC with clinically node‐negative lateral neck. Intraoperative LN biopsy may help identify patients at risk for recurrence and those who would benefit from LND.
Conceptual designs of a laser plasma accelerator-based EUV-FEL and an all-optical Gamma-beam source
Authors: Nakajima Kazuhisa 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Recently, intense research into laser plasma accelerators has achieved great progress in the production of high-energy, high-quality electron beams with GeV-level energies in a cm-scale plasma. These electron beams open the door for broad applications in fundamental, medical, and industrial sciences. Here we present conceptual designs of an extreme ultraviolet radiation source for next-generation lithography and a laser Compton Gamma-beam source for nuclear physics research on a table-top scale.
The study of polyplex formation and stability by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of SYBR Green I-stained DNA
Authors: D’Andrea Cosimo , Pezzoli Daniele , Malloggi Chiara , Candeo Alessia , Capelli Giulio , Bassi Andrea , Volonterio Alessandro , Taroni Paola , Candiani Gabriele 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Polyplexes are nanoparticles formed by the self-assembly of DNA/RNA and cationic polymers specifically designed to deliver exogenous genetic material to cells by a process called transfection. There is a general consensus that a subtle balance between sufficient extracellular protection and intracellular release of nucleic acids is a key factor for successful gene delivery. Therefore, there is a strong need to develop suitable tools and techniques for enabling the monitoring of the stability of polyplexes in the biological environment they face during transfection. In this work we propose time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with SYBR Green I-DNA dye as a reliable tool for the in-depth characterization of the DNA/vector complexation state. As a proof of concept, we provide essential information on the assembly and disassembly of complexes formed between DNA and each of three cationic polymers, namely a novel promising chitosan-graft-branched polyethylenimine copolymer (Chi-g-bPEI), one of its building block 2 kDa bPEI and the gold standard transfectant 25 kDa bPEI. Our results highlight the higher information content provided by the time-resolved studies of SYBR Green I/DNA, as compared to conventional steady state measurements of ethidium bromide/DNA that enabled us to draw relationships among fluorescence lifetime, polyplex structural changes and transfection efficiency.
The trials and tubule-ations of Rab6 involvement in Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport
Authors: Heffernan Linda F. , Simpson Jeremy C. 
Published: September 2014

In the early secretory pathway, membrane flow in the anterograde direction from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi complex needs to be tightly co-ordinated with retrograde flow to maintain the size, composition and functionality of these two organelles. At least two mechanisms of transport move material in the retrograde direction: one regulated by the cytoplasmic coatomer protein I complex (COPI), and a second COPI-independent pathway utilizing the small GTP-binding protein Rab6. Although the COPI-independent pathway was discovered 15 years ago, it remains relatively poorly characterized, with only a handful of machinery molecules associated with its operation. One feature that makes this pathway somewhat unusual, and potentially difficult to study, is that the transport carriers predominantly seem to be tubular rather than vesicular in nature. This suggests that the regulatory machinery is likely to be different from that associated with vesicular transport pathways controlled by conventional coat complexes. In the present mini-review, we have highlighted the key experiments that have characterized this transport pathway so far and also have discussed the challenges that lie ahead with respect to its further characterization.
Midwave infrared InSb nBn photodetector
Authors: Evirgen A. , Abautret J. , Perez J.P. , Cordat A. , Nedelcu A. , Christol P. 
Published: September 2014

The first demonstration of InSb photodetector with nBn design is reported. The nBn structure, grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on InSb substrate, is built by using n‐type InSb as absorber layer and InAlSb alloy as barrier layer. The nBn detector, showing cut‐off wavelength of 5.4 µm at 77 K in photovoltaic mode, exhibits dark current density as low as 10−9A/cm2 at −50 mV reverse bias, at least two decades lower than usual InSb photodiode.
Physical requirements in Olympic sailing
Authors: Bojsen‐Møller J. , Larsson B. , Aagaard P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPhysical fitness and muscular strength are important performance parameters in Olympic sailing although their relative importance changes between classes. The Olympic format consists of eight yacht types combined into 10 so‐called events with total 15 sailors (male and female) in a complete national Olympic delegation. The yachts have different requirements with respect to handling, and moreover, each sailor plays a specific role when sailing. Therefore physical demands remain heterogeneous for Olympic sailors. Previous studies have mainly examined sailors where ‘hiking’ (the task of leaning over the side of the yacht to increase righting moment) is the primary requirement. Other than the ability to sustain prolonged quasi‐isometric contractions, hiking seems to require significant maximal muscle strength especially in knee extensors, hip flexors and abdominal and lower back muscles. Another group of studies has investigated boardsailing and provided evidence to show that windsurfing requires very high aerobic and anaerobic capacity. Although data exist on other types of sailors, the information is limited, and moreover the profile of the Olympic events has changed markedly over the last few years to involve more agile, fast and spectacular yachts. The change of events in Olympic sailing has likely added to physical requirements; however, data on sailors in the modern‐type yachts are scarce. The present paper describes the recent developments in Olympic sailing with respect to yacht types, and reviews the existing knowledge on physical requirements in modern Olympic sailing. Finally, recommendations for future research in sailing are given.
Conclusion
Authors: Walkden George 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Chapter 6 summarizes and concludes the book, presenting an account of the main findings of earlier chapters as regards verb position in main clauses, the syntax of the wh-system, and the (non-)occurrence of null pronominal subjects and objects. This is followed by a tentative comparison with other early Indo-European daughter languages, suggesting that the findings of this book are consilient with analyses proposed for such languages and that the syntax of Proto-Indo-European might not be forever beyond our grasp. The chapter closes with an exploration of what it is that we reconstruct when we reconstruct syntax, and a warning about the limited nature of the conclusions reached.
Ensemble Performance
Authors: Keller Peter 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This chapter addresses how ensemble musicians achieve the precision and flexibility in interpersonal coordination that enables alignment of performance parameters related to basic properties of sounds and artful stylistic expression across ensemble members. It describes auditory cues (systematic variations in timing, intensity, intonation, articulation, and timbre) and visual cues (body movements, gestures, and eye gaze) that ensemble performers employ to communicate their intentions concerning musical structure and expression. It then deals with the psychological mechanisms that allow these multimodal cues to be used in a manner that fosters ensemble cohesion. These mechanisms include rehearsal strategies for establishing shared performance goals prior to performance, as well as cognitive–motor skills that allow performers to anticipate, attend to, and adapt to each other’s actions in real time during performance. Finally, context-specific factors (e.g. familiarity with co-performer playing style) and domain-general factors (e.g. personality) that may affect ensemble strategies and skills are discussed.