bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled drug release from antibiotic‐loaded layered double hydroxide coatings on porous titanium implants in a mouse model
Authors: Badar Muhammad , Rahim Muhammad Imran , Kieke Marc , Ebel Thomas , Rohde Manfred , Hauser Hansjörg , Behrens Peter , Mueller Peter P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAs an alternative to degradable organic coatings the possibility of using layered double hydroxides (LDHs) to generate implant coatings for controlled drug delivery was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Coatings prepared from LDH suspensions dissolved slowly and appeared compatible with cultured cells. LDH coatings loaded with an antibiotic resulted in antibacterial effects in vitro. The LDH coating prolonged the drug release period and improved the proliferation of adherent cells in comparison to pure drug coatings. However, during incubation in physiological solutions the LDH coatings became brittle and pieces occasionally detached from the surface. For stress protection porous titanium implants were investigated as a substrate for the coatings. The pores prevented premature detachment of the coatings. To evaluate the coated porous implants in vivo a mouse model was established. To monitor bacterial infection of implants noninvasive in vivo imaging was used to monitor luminescently labeled Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this model porous implants with antibiotic‐loaded LDH coatings could antagonize bacterial infections for over 1 week. The findings provide evidence that delayed drug delivery from LDH coatings could be feasible in combination with structured implant surfaces. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2141–2149, 2015.
A Modified and Practical Synthetic Route to Indazoles and Pyrazoles Using Tungstate Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Rahmatzadeh S. Setareh , Karami Bahador , Khodabakhshi Saeed 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTungstate sulfuric acid‐catalyzed Knorr reaction have been used as a simple, rapid, atom economic and green method for the synthesis of indazole and pyrazole derivatives based on the condensation of hydrazine derivatives and ß‐dicarbonyl compounds under solvent‐free conditions. It was found that the catalyst could be recovered and reused without significant loss of its activity. The use of this method provides a novel and improved modification of Knorr synthesis in terms of clean reaction profile, use of a safe catalyst and solvent‐free conditions.
Separation and Determination of Cold Medicine Ingredients by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Using Sulfated β‐Cyclodextrin as an Electrolyte Modifier and Chiral Selector
Authors: Liu Yu‐Chih , Chang Shu‐Wen , Chen Chih‐Yu , Chien I‐Chin , Lin Chen‐Hsing 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCapillary zone electrophoretic separations of cold medicine ingredients, including acetaminophen (AC), dextromethorphan (DMF) and racemates of phenylpropanolamine (PPA) and chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) using randomly sulfated‐β‐CD (S‐β‐CD) as an electrolyte modifier and a chiral selector were investigated. The results indicate that S‐β‐CD is an excellent chiral selector and a suitable electrolyte modifier as well for the separation of those cold medicine ingredients. Influences of S‐β‐CD concentration and buffer concentration on the separation were examined. Baseline separation of these cold medicine ingredients with 1.0 % (w/v) S‐β‐CD could be simultaneously and successfully achieved within 11.8 minutes. In addition, S‐β‐CD could also act as a chiral selector for enantioseparation of PPA and CPM. A high enantioselectivity was obtained for these two analytes. Linear relationships between the peak area and its concentration for the calibration curves of AC and DMF were obtained (correlation coefficients: 0.9987 for AC, 0.9965 for DMF, respectively). The relative standard deviations of the migration time and peak area of AC and DMF were 0.19, 2.44 % and 0.34, 2.99 %, respectively. Detection limits were 0.93 and 2.57 μg/mL for AC and DMF, respectively. Recoveries of AC and DMF ranging between 102.42 and 97.28 % were observed. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of AC and DMF in cold medicines.
Forward‐viewing linear echoendoscope: a new option in the endoscopic ultrasound armamentarium (with video)
Authors: Fuccio Lorenzo , Attili Fabia , Larghi Alberto 
Published: October 2014

Abstract The forward‐viewing linear echoendoscope (FV‐EUS) has been developed with the aim of overcoming limitations of standard curved linear‐array echoendoscopes (CLA‐EUS) and to further expand interventional applications of EUS. The main characteristic of the FV‐EUS is a shifting in the orientation of both endoscopic and ultrasound views from oblique to forward, with the exit of the working channel at the tip of the instrument. This allows exit of the devices parallel to the longitudinal axis of the endoscope, thus resulting in a more direct and stable access to the lesion while increasing the precision and force applied to the target. Accumulating evidence has shown that the FV‐EUS can be used instead of the standard CLA‐EUS scope for routine fine needle aspiration, with extremely good performance for subepithelial lesions and for difficult to reach locations. Several areas of use of this echoendoscope are yet to be better defined, such as its potential for therapeutic and interventional procedures, as well as for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery. The current report provides an updated overview of the available evidence for both diagnostic and interventional uses of the FV‐EUS.
Monitoring treatment response in patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced uterine cervical cancer by additional diffusion‐weighted imaging: A systematic review
Authors: Schreuder Sanne M. , Lensing Rutger , Stoker Jaap , Bipat Shandra 
Published: October 2014

PurposeTo determine the role of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in evaluating response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with uterine cervical cancer.Materials and MethodsA search was performed in MEDLINE and EMBASE from January 2005 to April 2014 using search terms related to uterine cervical cancer and magnetic resonance imaging. Two reviewers independently checked the studies for inclusion criteria, patient population, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters and analysis, follow‐up for treatment response, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, and quality assessment.ResultsNine studies with 231 patients were included. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging varied from Ib1 to IVb and mean age from 42 to 67 years. When baseline and after treatment pooled mean ADC values were compared, complete responders showed higher increase (0.88 × 10−3 mm2/s to 1.50 × 10−3 mm2/s; Δ0.62 × 10−3 mm2/s) compared to partial responders (1.03 × 10−3 mm2/s to 1.42 × 10−3 mm2/s; Δ0.39 × 10−3 mm2/s) and to nonresponders (0.87 × 10−3 mm2/s to 1.18 × 10−3 mm2/s; Δ0.31 × 10−3 mm2/s). Individual studies also showed that an ADC of ≤0.31 was only seen in nonresponders and an increase of ADC of ≥0.62 was only seen in complete responders. The number of datasets for monitoring early response (at 2 or 4 weeks of therapy) were low and comparable increases in pooled mean ADC values between complete responders, partial responders, and nonresponders were seen. Data on quality assessment showed high risk of bias concerning patient selection, DWI evaluation, and flow and timing.ConclusionDWI can be used for monitoring treatment response after treatment, but not for the early response monitoring. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:572–594.
Effects of initial resources on the development of strains during a stressful training situation: Some counterintuitive results
Authors: Beehr Terry A. , Ragsdale Jennifer M. , Kochert Jonathan F. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryResource theories of occupational stress argue that employees' personal and environmental resources protect them from too much distress or strain during stressful work experiences. We examined four resources (emotional stability, previous experience, low drain on pre‐existing resources, and workgroup quality) available to soldiers at the beginning of a stressful 3‐month training experience as predictors of the trajectories of their strains over that period of time. Based on conservation of resources theory and the job demands–resources model, we predicted that the trends of strains would be more favorable (would increase more slowly or decline more quickly) if participants started the training with greater resources. The resources, primarily emotional stability and lack of pre‐existing resource drain, tended to be negatively related to strains, consistent with the idea that they can reduce strains. Significant interactions predicting trends were found predicting two of the three strains (post‐traumatic stress symptoms and depression, but not reports of physical health). Contrary to expectations, however, the three resources that significantly predicted trends over time (emotional stability, previous experience, and low pre‐existing resource drain) were associated with worsening rather than improving strains. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of superfine grinding on the physico‐chemical, morphological and thermogravimetric properties of Lentinus edodes mushroom powders
Authors: Ming Jian , Chen Long , Hong Hui , Li Jinlong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDLentinus edodes is an edible mushroom commonly known as shiitake, which is the second most produced and consumed edible mushroom in the world and is an important nutrient source in the human diet. To fully use L. edodes, the mushrooms are occasionally ground into powder as a flavourful and functional food additive.METHODSThis study produces powders from the cap and stipe of Lentinus edodes mushrooms through superfine grinding. These powders are composed of sub‐micron range particles with various size distributions. The superfine grinding process is then compared with shear pulverisation to determine the different effects on both the cap and stipe powders in terms of particle size and physico‐chemical, morphological and thermogravimetric properties.RESULTSWhen average particle size was reduced to 0.54 and 0.46 µm, respectively, the moisture and protein content, angles of repose and slide, and water holding capacity of the powders decreased to varied extents. However, soluble dietary fibre, water solubility index, and swelling capacity increased. Scanning electron microscope images suggested that the superfine grinding process effectively changed the original surface structure of the L. edodes powders. The curves of thermogravimetric analysis and those of the derivatives of thermogravimetry indicated that superfine grinding can improve the thermostability of L. edodes powders. Furthermore, superfinely ground L. edodes powders may be used as pharmaceutical or food additives in various fields.CONCLUSIONThe present study suggests that superfinely ground L. edodes powders may be applied in various fields as pharmaceutical or food additives. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Laryngeal electromyography and prognosis of unilateral vocal fold paralysis—A long‐term prospective study
Authors: Wang Chen‐Chi , Chang Ming‐Hong , De Virgilio Armando , Jiang Rong‐San , Lai Hsiu‐Chin , Wang Ching‐Ping , Wu Shang‐Heng , Liu Shih‐An 
Published: October 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo confirm the value of using laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) to predict the long‐term prognosis of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP), and elucidate the adequate timing of LEMG.Study DesignProspective cohort prognosis study.MethodsThe LEMG data of 84 patients with UVFP were prospectively collected, and 81 patients received follow‐up at least 6 months after symptom onset. If the paralyzed vocal fold had <20% recruitment reduction during phonation compared to the normal vocal fold signals, and absence of fibrillation when the patient was silent, the prognosis was considered to be good (negative finding). Otherwise, the prognosis was considered to be poor (positive finding). The association between UVFP outcome and LEMG prognostic rules and the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of LEMG were calculated.ResultsThe mean duration of LEMG after symptom onset was 3.7 months, and follow‐up after symptoms onset was 18.4 months. Sixty‐six of 71 patients with a positive finding had persistent UVFP; four of 10 patients with a negative finding recovered vocal fold motion. LEMG results were significantly associated with the outcome of UVFP (P = .007). The overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of LEMG were 86.4%, 91.7%, 44.4%, 93.0%, and 40.0%, respectively. When LEMG was done more than 2 months after symptom onset, the PPV was 97.9%.ConclusionsLEMG has a high PPV in predicting the long‐term outcome of UVFP patients with poor prognosis. Permanent laryngeal framework surgery is feasible if patients have positive findings at least 2 months after symptom onset.Level of Evidence1b Laryngoscope, 125:898–903, 2015
Outcomes of serial dilation for high‐grade radiation‐related esophageal strictures in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Francis David O. , Hall Eric , Dang Jennifer H. , Vlacich Gregory R. , Netterville James L. , Vaezi Michael F. 
Published: October 2014

Objectives/HypothesisDysphagia and esophageal stricture are frequent consequences of treatment for head and neck cancer. This study examines the effectiveness of the anterograde‐retrograde rendezvous procedure and serial dilations in reestablishing esophageal patency to allow return to oral diet and gastrostomy tube removal in a cohort of patients with complete or near‐complete esophageal stricture following nonsurgical cancer treatment.Study DesignRetrospective review of patients treated with radiation therapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy presented with complete or near‐complete esophageal stricture. Patients underwent serial dilations using combined anterograde‐retrograde dilation (rendezvous) techniques.MethodsMedical records of patients having undergone treatment between 2006 and 2012 were reviewed, and semistructured interviews were also conducted to determine current swallowing function and actual patient experience. The primary outcome was swallowing improvement that allowed for return to oral diet and/or gastrostomy tube removal. Outcomes were compared between patients with complete and near‐complete (<5 mm in diameter) strictures and univariate analysis performed to identify associations between patient, cancer, and treatment characteristics on odds of gastrostomy tube removal.ResultsTwenty‐four patients (median age 59.5 years, 63% male, 91% Caucasian) underwent treatment. Fifty percent of patients had complete occlusion of the esophageal lumen. The majority of patients (92%) underwent either anterograde (54%) or combined antero‐retrograde (38%) approach. Following a median (interquartile range) of 9 (6–20) dilation sessions, 42% of patients were able to return to an oral diet and/or had their gastrostomy tube removed. This outcome was independent of whether the stricture was complete or near complete (P = .67). Of patients who had their gastrostomy tubes removed, only 33.3% had ever smoked, compared to 92.3% of those whose tubes were not discharged (P = .007).ConclusionsRecannulation is possible even in cases of complete or near‐complete stricture. Several factors appear to impact the likelihood of successful outcome, but in this study, only patients with a history of smoking had a significantly lower likelihood of return to full oral diet.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 125:856–862, 2015
Long‐term use of the thrombopoietin‐mimetic romiplostim in children with severe chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
Authors: Bussel James B. , Hsieh Loan , Buchanan George R. , Stine Kimo , Kalpatthi Ram , Gnarra David J. , Ho Richard H. , Nie Kun , Eisen Melissa 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundTreatment of chronic severe pediatric ITP is not well studied. In a phase 1/2 12–16‐week study, 15/17 romiplostim‐treated patients achieved platelet counts ≥50 × 109/L, and romiplostim treatment was well tolerated. In a subsequent open‐label extension (≤109 weeks), 20/22 patients received romiplostim; all achieved platelet counts >50 × 109/L. Twelve patients continued in a second extension (≤127 weeks). Longitudinal data from start of romiplostim treatment through the two extensions were evaluated to investigate the safety and efficacy of long‐term romiplostim treatment in chronic severe pediatric ITP.ProcedurePatients received weekly subcutaneous romiplostim, adjusted by 1 µg/kg/week to maintain platelet counts (50–200 × 109/L, maximum dose 10 µg/kg). Bone marrow examinations were not required.ResultsAt baseline, patients were median age 10.0 years; median ITP duration 2.4 years; median platelet count 13 × 109/L; 73% were male; and 36% had prior splenectomy. Median romiplostim treatment duration was 167 weeks (Q1, Q3: 78,227 weeks), and median average weekly dose was 5.4 µg/kg (Q1, Q3: 4.3, 8.0 µg/kg). Seven patients discontinued treatment: four withdrew consent, two were noncompliant, and one received alternative therapy. None withdrew because of adverse events (AEs). After the first 12 weeks, median platelet counts remained >50 × 109/L. Eight (36.4%) patients received rescue medication, and 14 (63.6%) used concurrent ITP therapy. Seven patients (31.8%) reported serious AEs, and two (9.1%) reported life‐threatening AEs (both thrombocytopenia); there were no serious AEs attributed to treatment and no fatalities.ConclusionsLong‐term romiplostim treatment in this small cohort increased and maintained platelet counts for over 4 years in children with ITP with good tolerability and without significant toxicity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:208–213. © 2014. The Authors. Pediatr Blood & Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radiation for bone metastases in Ewing sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Casey Dana L. , Wexler Leonard H. , Meyers Paul A. , Magnan Heather , Chou Alexander J. , Wolden Suzanne L. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundThe role, optimal dose, and efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) for the treatment of bone metastases in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and Ewing sarcoma (ES) are unclear.ProcedureAll patients with ES or RMS who received RT for bone metastases with curative intent during frontline therapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) between 1995 and 2013 were reviewed. Among the 30 patients (8 RMS and 22 ES), 49 bone metastases were irradiated.ResultsMedian biologically effective dose (BED) was 42.4 Gy (range, 34.9–59.7) for RMS and 50.7 Gy (range, 31.3–65.8) for ES. Tumor recurrence occurred in six of 49 irradiated bone metastases. Cumulative incidence of local failure at a treated metastatic site was 6.6% at 1 year and 9.0% at 3 years. Dose, fractionation, and RT technique did not impact local control at an irradiated site. The presence of >5 bone metastases was associated with worse local control at an irradiated site (P = 0.07). The 3‐year EFS was 33% in RMS and 16% in ES.ConclusionsRT appears to be an effective modality of local control for bone metastases in ES and RMS. Local control at sites of metastatic bone irradiation is similar to local control at the primary site after definitive RT. Doses in the biologic range prescribed for the definitive treatment of primary disease should be used for metastatic sites of disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:445–449. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparing linear and cyclic synthetic homopolypeptides: Synthesis and molecular characterization
Authors: Politakos Nikolaos , Liontos George , Kortaberria Galder , Messman Jamie M. , Calvo Javier , Moya Sergio E. , Mays Jimmy W. , Avgeropoulos Apostolos 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe synthesis and molecular characterization of a linear and a cyclic homopolypeptide of protected l‐tyrosine are reported. In this work, the successful synthesis of polypeptides exhibiting the desired linear and cyclic structures through various characterization methods such as high temperature gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis was verified. The results are very promising especially if such cyclic materials will be potentially used as carriers for drug delivery, either through conjugation with specific ligands or directly through the functional hydroxyl groups of the monomeric units of poly(l‐Tyr) after deprotection. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 393–404
Hyphenation of capillary high‐performance ion‐exchange chromatography with mass spectrometry using sheath‐flow electrospray ionization
Authors: Kochmann Sven , Matysik Frank‐Michael 
Published: October 2014

RATIONALEMass spectrometry (MS) is an attractive method for extending capillary‐size ion chromatography (cHPIC) to create a valuable technique for speciation analysis. For hyphenation, the aqueous effluent of cHPIC has to be transformed into a volatile mixture for MS while preserving analytical concentrations as well as peak shapes during transfer from cHPIC to MS. Finally, the approach should technically be flexible and easy‐to‐use. A combination of cHPIC and sheath‐flow electrospray ionization (ESI)‐MS offers to solve all these challenges.METHODScHPIC/sheath‐flow‐ESI‐TOFMS was used in this study for the speciation analysis of various arsenic model compounds. These model compounds were analyzed with different hyphenation setups and configurations of cHPIC/MS and their respective assets and drawbacks were examined and discussed. The parameters (flow rate and composition of sheath liquid) of sheath‐flow ESI and their influence on the performance of the spray and the sensitivity of the detector were investigated and compared with those of sheathless ESI.RESULTSUsing an injection valve to couple cHPIC and MS was found to be the best method for hyphenation, since it constitutes a flexible and dead‐volume‐free approach. The investigation of sheath‐flow ESI revealed that the flow rate of the sheath liquid has to resemble the flow rate of the IC effluent to ensure a stable spray and that a composition of 2‐propanol/water/ammonia at 50:50:0.2 (v/v/v) suits most applications without unilaterally promoting the sensitivity for either organic or inorganic compounds. The optimized setup and conditions were successfully applied to the analysis of a mixture of important arsenic species and used to determine limits of detection of organic and inorganic arsenic species (3.7 µg L−1 elemental arsenic).CONCLUSIONSA method for cHPIC/sheath‐flow‐ESI‐MS was developed. The method was shown to be a valuable tool for speciation and trace analysis. It features no dead volume, fast transfer from IC to MS, only minimal peak‐widening, high reproducibility, and the ability to fine‐tune the ESI spray for higher sensitivity and stability by adjusting the composition of the sheath‐liquid. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.