bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological Factors Affecting Rainbow Smelt Recruitment in the Main Basin of Lake Huron, 1976–2010
Authors: O'Brien Timothy P. , Taylor William W. , Roseman Edward F. , Madenjian Charles P. , Riley Stephen C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRainbow SmeltOsmerus mordaxare native to northeastern Atlantic and Pacific–Arctic drainages and have been widely introduced throughout North America. In the Great Lakes region, Rainbow Smelt are known predators and competitors of native fish and a primary prey species in pelagic food webs. Despite their widespread distribution, importance as a prey species, and potential to negatively interact with native fish species, there is limited information concerning stock–recruitment relationships for Rainbow Smelt. To better understand recruitment mechanisms, we evaluated potential ecological factors determining recruitment dynamics for Rainbow Smelt in Lake Huron using data from bottom trawl catches. We specifically evaluated influence of stock size, environmental factors (water temperature, lake levels, and precipitation), and salmonine predation on the production of age‐0 recruits from 1976 to 2010. Rainbow Smelt recruitment was negatively related to stock size exceeding 10kg/ha, indicating that compensatory, density‐dependent mortality from cannibalism or intraspecific competition was an important factor related to the production of age‐0 recruits. Recruitment was positively related to spring precipitation suggesting that the amount of stream‐spawning habitat as determined by precipitation was important for the production of strong Rainbow Smelt recruitment. Additionally, density of age‐0 Rainbow Smelt was positively related to Lake TroutSalvelinus namaycushabundance. However, spawning stock biomass of Rainbow Smelt, which declined substantially from 1989 to 2010, was negatively associated with Lake Trout catch per effort suggesting predation was an important factor related to the decline of age‐2 and older Rainbow Smelt in Lake Huron. As such, we found that recruitment of Rainbow Smelt in Lake Huron was regulated by competition with or cannibalism by older conspecifics, spring precipitation influencing stream spawning habitats, and predation by Lake Trout on age‐2 and older Rainbow Smelt.
Juvenile Anadromous Salmonid Production in Upper Columbia River Side Channels with Different Levels of Hydrological Connection
Authors: Martens Kyle D. , Connolly Patrick J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe examined the contribution of three types of side channels based on their hydrologic connectivity (seasonally disconnected, partially connected, and connected) to production of juvenile anadromous salmonids. Juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss and Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha were found in all three of these side channel types and in each year of the study. Upon connection with the main stem at high flows, the seasonally disconnected side channels experienced an emptying out of the previous year's fish while filling with young‐of‐year fish during the 2‐ to 4‐month period of hydrologic connection. There were no differences between the densities of juvenile steelhead and Chinook Salmon and the rate of smolts produced among the three types of side channels. Recently reintroduced Coho Salmon O. kisutch had sporadic presence and abundance in partially and connected side channels, but the smolt production rate was over two times that of steelhead and Chinook Salmon in seasonally disconnected side channels. Within seasonally disconnected side channels, young‐of‐year salmonids in deep pools (≥100cm) had greater survival than those in shallow pools (<100cm). Densities of juvenile steelhead in all side channel types were similar to those in tributaries and were higher than in main‐stem lateral margins. Juvenile Chinook Salmon densities were higher in side channels than in both tributary and main‐stem lateral margins. Our results suggest that improving quality of pool habitat within seasonally disconnected side channels can result in improved survival for juvenile anadromous salmonids during the period of disconnection. Habitat improvement in these seasonally disconnected side channels should be recognized as a worthy restoration strategy, especially when full connectivity of side channels may not be a feasible target (e.g., through lack of water availability) or when full connectivity may present too high a risk (e.g., flooding, stream capture, bank destabilization).
Estimates of Skipped Spawning in Lean and Siscowet Lake Trout in Southern Lake Superior: Implications for Stock Assessment
Authors: Sitar Shawn P. , Jasonowicz Andrew J. , Murphy Cheryl A. , Goetz Frederick W. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe found that some lean (12.2%) and siscowet (58.0%) Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush in populations in southern Lake Superior do not reproduce each year (i.e., display “skipped spawning”) even though they have reached puberty. We measured skipped spawning in Lake Trout in southern Lake Superior and assessed its impact on reproduction by developing length‐based and age‐based ogives (i.e., probabilities of being mature). In populations in which skipped spawning is negligible, a maturity ogive can be considered equivalent to a reproduction ogive (probability of being reproductive). However, in populations in which skipped spawning is present, such as in lean and siscowet Lake Trout in southern Lake Superior, maturity and reproduction ogives are very different. We evaluated the influence of skipped spawning on a key stock assessment quantity—spawning stock biomass—by applying maturity and reproduction ogives to simulated populations. Furthermore, we evaluated whether skipped spawning was associated with lower energy reserves by testing for differences in the hepatosomatic index (HSI) according to maturity status. Our population simulations indicate that spawning stock biomass can be overestimated (8.3% for leans and 475% for siscowets) when skipped spawners are assumed to be a part of the spawning stock. An inflated reproductive potential of the population could allow for excessive fishing if quotas are based on these biased spawning stock biomass estimates. Siscowet Lake Trout that were skipping spawning had significantly lower energy reserves (assessed by HSI) than mature fish. The high incidence of skipped spawning in siscowets may be related to the reported slowed somatic growth, high population abundance, and low prey resources in southern Lake Superior, which supports the hypothesis that skipped spawning is a density‐dependent response to limited energy resources.
‘Remarque en toy telle marque’: Étienne Jodelle's Parisian Inscriptions and Epitaphs in the French Wars of Religion
Authors: Maynard Katherine S. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This article considers the various inscriptions and epitaphs written by Étienne Jodelle (1532–1573) during the French Wars of Religion. Jodelle asserted his identity as a Parisian with an urban poetics that inscribed a pro-Catholic and pro-royal narrative upon the city itself. He sought to make Paris a readable, royal, Catholic space through his inscriptions, particularly those he composed for the Croix de Gastine, a monument erected in 1569 to commemorate the execution of a family of Protestants on the rue Saint-Denis. However, Jodelle's attempts to inscribe a narrative of royal power onto the city highlight the difficulty of creating such a narrative within the contested space of Paris at the end of the sixteenth century. The policies of oblivion of the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (August 1570) led to the removal of the Croix de Gastine. However, despite the poet's disappointment in these policies, he continued to make his work public through monumental writing in Paris. By means of this direct, material encounter with his public, Jodelle sought to preserve collective memory of royal power, appealing first and foremost to the minds of his readers in the hopes of leaving an inscription that would remain after its material source disappeared.
North Sea herring (Clupea harengus L.) recruitment failure may be indicative of poor feeding success
Authors: Lusseau Susan Mærsk , Gallego Alejandro , Rasmussen Jens , Hatfield Emma M. C. , Heath Mike 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Recruitment of the 2002–2012 year classes to the North Sea herring stock has been below expectations given the spawning biomass, due to exceptionally low overwinter survival of larvae. Here, we investigate whether changes in survival of larvae in the northwestern North Sea could be attributed to changes in parasite prevalence or feeding conditions. We used a method that combined particle tracking models and survey data to estimate survival, and microscopic examination of gut contents of archived samples of larvae collected in February each year between 1995 and 2007 to investigate parasite prevalence and feeding. We deduced that we can use the incidence of tetraphyllidean parasites as an index of the cumulative feeding history of the larval population. We found that the prevalence of larvae of a tetraphyllidean cestode in the gut contents varied significantly between years and was positively correlated with feeding success. High feeding success, indicated by high prevalence of tetraphyllideans, influenced survival by offsetting the effect of a second parasite type, a digenean trematode. We suggest that variability in cumulative food intake over the lifespan up to February is a significant determinant of variability in survival.
Incidence of Severe Nephrotoxicity With Cisplatin Based on Renal Function Eligibility Criteria
Authors: Dahal Arati , Bellows Brandon K. , Sonpavde Guru , Tantravahi Srinivas K. , Choueiri Toni K. , Galsky Matthew D. , Agarwal Neeraj 
Published: May 2014

Background:
The objective of this meta-analysis was to indirectly compare incidence of nephrotoxicity in trials using cisplatin (CIS) for treatment of solid tumors when renal function was assessed using serum creatinine (SCr) or creatinine clearance (CrCl) for eligibility criteria.

Methods:
Randomized trials comparing CIS-containing with non-CIS-containing chemotherapy regimens were identified in PubMed. Included studies were performed from 1990 to 2010, used SCr or CrCl as an eligibility criterion, and reported incidence of grade ≥3 nephrotoxicity for both treatment arms using World Health Organization (WHO) or National Cancer Institute (NCI) toxicity criteria. The relative risk (RR) of grade ≥3 nephrotoxicity associated with CIS versus non-CIS regimens was examined. Subgroup analyses, adjusted indirect comparison, and metaregression were used to compare SCr and CrCl.

Results:
The literature search identified 2359 studies, 42 studies met all the inclusion criteria (N=9521 patients). SCr was used as an eligibility criterion in 20 studies (N=4704), CrCl was used in 9 studies (N=1650), and either was used in 13 studies (N=3167). The overall RR for developing nephrotoxicity with CIS versus non-CIS treatment was 1.75 (P=0.005). Subgroup analyses showed an increased risk when SCr was used (RR=2.60, P=0.005) but not when CrCl was used (RR=1.50, P=0.19). Both the adjusted indirect comparison and metaregression showed a nonsignificantly reduced risk of nephrotoxicity when CrCl was used.

Conclusions:
CIS-based therapy was associated with a significant increase in severe nephrotoxicity. The risk of severe nephrotoxicity appears to be lower when CrCl was used to determine whether people should be treated with CIS.
Design and Implementation of INSPPIRE
Authors: Morinville Veronique D. , Lowe Mark E. , Ahuja Monika , Barth Bradley , Bellin Melena D. , Davis Heather , Durie Peter R. , Finley Brian , Fishman Douglas S. , Freedman Steven D. , Gariepy Cheryl E. , Giefer Matthew J. , Gonska Tanja , Heyman Melvin B. , Himes Ryan , Husain Sohail , Kumar Soma , Ooi Chee Y. , Pohl John F. , Schwarzenberg Sarah Jane , Troendle David , Werlin Steven L. , Wilschanski Michael , Yen Elizabeth , Uc Aliye 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) are rare and poorly understood diseases in children. Better understanding of these disorders can only be accomplished via a multicenter, structured, data collection approach.Methods:The International Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a Cure (INSPPIRE) consortium was created to investigate the epidemiology, etiologies, pathogenesis, natural history, and outcomes of pediatric ARP and CP. Patient and physician questionnaires were developed to capture information on demographics, medical history, family and social history, medications, hospitalizations, risk factors, diagnostic evaluation, treatments, and outcome information. Information collected in paper questionnaires was then transferred into Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap), tabulated, and analyzed.Results:The administrative structure of the INSPPIRE consortium was established, and National Institutes of Health funding was obtained. A total of 14 sites (10 in the United States, 2 in Canada, and 2 overseas) participated. Questionnaires were amended and updated as necessary, followed by changes made into the REDCap database. Between September 1, 2012 and August 31, 2013, a total of 194 children were enrolled into the study: 54% were girls, 82% were non‐Hispanic, and 72% were whites.Conclusions:The INSPPIRE consortium demonstrates the feasibility of building a multicenter patient registry to study the rare pediatric diseases, ARP and CP. Analyses of collected data will provide a greater understanding of pediatric pancreatitis and create opportunities for therapeutic interventional studies that would not otherwise be possible without a multicenter approach.
Co‐infection in Children With Bloody Diarrhea Caused by Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli
Authors: Ardissino Gianluigi , Possenti Ilaria , Salardi Stefania , Tel Francesca , Colombo Elisa , Testa Sara , Daprai Laura , Picicco Damiano , Colombo Rosaria Maria , Torresani Erminio 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTHemolytic‐uremic syndrome (HUS) is an important cause of acute kidney injury in children often caused by Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) enterocolitis. In a screening program for STEC infection in children with bloody diarrhea in northern Italy for early diagnosis of HUS, co‐infection with Salmonella or Campylobacter was documented in as many as 35.6% of Shiga toxin–positive patients. It is speculated that infection by Salmonella or Campylobacter may increase the risk of STEC enterocolitis and therefore of HUS. The isolation of microorganisms (other then STEC) in HUS should not be necessarily regarded as the etiological agent for the thrombotic microangiopathy.
Diversity and evolution of centromere repeats in the maize genome
Authors: Bilinski Paul , Distor Kevin , Gutierrez-Lopez Jose , Mendoza Gabriela Mendoza , Shi Jinghua , Dawe R. Kelly , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCentromere repeats are found in most eukaryotes and play a critical role in kinetochore formation. Though CentC repeats exhibit considerable diversity both within and among species, little is understood about the mechanisms that drive centromere repeat evolution. Here, we use maize as a model to investigate how a complex history involving polyploidy, fractionation, and recent domestication has impacted the diversity of the maize CentC repeat. We first validate the existence of long tandem arrays of repeats in maize and other taxa in the genusZea. Although we find considerable sequence diversity among CentC copies genome-wide, genetic similarity among repeats is highest within these arrays, suggesting that tandem duplications are the primary mechanism for the generation of new copies. Genetic clustering analyses identify similar sequences among distant repeats, and simulations suggest that this pattern may be due to homoplasious mutation. Although the two ancestral subgenomes of maize have contributed nearly equal numbers of centromeres, our analysis shows that the vast majority of all CentC repeats derive from one of the parental genomes. Finally, by comparing maize with its wild progenitor teosinte, we find that the abundance of CentC has decreased through domestication while the pericentromeric repeat Cent4 has drastically increased.
Use of Multicopy Transposons Bearing Unfitness Genes in Weed Control: Four Example Scenarios
Authors: Gressel Jonathan , Levy Avraham A. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We speculate that multicopy transposons, carrying both fitness and unfitness genes, can provide new positive and negative selection options to intractable weed problems. Multicopy transposons rapidly disseminate through populations, appearing in approximately 100% of progeny, unlike nuclear transgenes, which appear in a proportion of segregating populations. Different unfitness transgenes and modes of propagation will be appropriate for different cases: (1) outcrossing Amaranthus spp. (that evolved resistances to major herbicides); (2) Lolium spp., important pasture grasses, yet herbicide-resistant weeds in crops; (3) rice (Oryza sativa), often infested with feral weedy rice, which interbreeds with the crop; and (4) self-compatible sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), which readily crosses with conspecific shattercane and with allotetraploid johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). The speculated outcome of these scenarios is to generate weed populations that contain the unfitness gene and thus are easily controllable. Unfitness genes can be under chemically or environmentally inducible promoters, activated after gene dissemination, or under constitutive promoters where the gene function is utilized only at special times (e.g. sensitivity to an herbicide). The transposons can be vectored to the weeds by introgression from the crop (in rice, sorghum, and Lolium spp.) or from planted engineered weed (Amaranthus spp.) using a gene conferring the degradation of a no longer widely used herbicide, especially in tandem with an herbicide-resistant gene that kills all nonhybrids, facilitating the rapid dissemination of the multicopy transposons in a weedy population.
A Functional Antagonistic Relationship between Auxin and Mitochondrial Retrograde Signaling Regulates Alternative Oxidase1a Expression in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ivanova Aneta , Law Simon R. , Narsai Reena , Duncan Owen , Lee Jae-Hoon , Zhang Botao , Van Aken Olivier , Radomiljac Jordan D. , van der Merwe Margaretha , Yi KeKe , Whelan James 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The perception and integration of stress stimuli with that of mitochondrion function are important during periods of perturbed cellular homeostasis. In a continuous effort to delineate these mitochondrial/stress-interacting networks, forward genetic screens using the mitochondrial stress response marker alternative oxidase 1a (AOX1a) provide a useful molecular tool to identify and characterize regulators of mitochondrial stress signaling (referred to as regulators of alternative oxidase 1a [RAOs] components). In this study, we reveal that mutations in genes coding for proteins associated with auxin transport and distribution resulted in a greater induction of AOX1a in terms of magnitude and longevity. Three independent mutants for polarized auxin transport, rao3/big, rao4/pin-formed1, and rao5/multidrug-resistance1/abcb19, as well as the Myb transcription factor rao6/asymmetric leaves1 (that displays altered auxin patterns) were identified and resulted in an acute sensitivity toward mitochondrial dysfunction. Induction of the AOX1a reporter system could be inhibited by the application of auxin analogs or reciprocally potentiated by blocking auxin transport. Promoter activation studies with AOX1a::GUS and DR5::GUS lines further confirmed a clear antagonistic relationship between the spatial distribution of mitochondrial stress and auxin response kinetics, respectively. Genome-wide transcriptome analyses revealed that mitochondrial stress stimuli, such as antimycin A, caused a transient suppression of auxin signaling and conversely, that auxin treatment repressed a part of the response to antimycin A treatment, including AOX1a induction. We conclude that mitochondrial stress signaling and auxin signaling are reciprocally regulated, balancing growth and stress response(s).
Factors influencing national rollout of quality improvement approaches to public hospitals in Tanzania
Authors: Ishijima Hisahiro , Eliakimu Eliudi , Takahashi Shizu , Miyamoto Noriyuki 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify factors that influence the implementation of the rollout of the 5S approach in public hospitals in Tanzania, and share the way to scale this up for similar setting in developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach
– The effect size was calculated from pre- and post-assessment results of Training of Trainers (ToT) to examine the effectiveness of ToT. A questionnaire with 14 explanatory variables was developed and completed based on information collected during Consultation visits (CVs) and progress report meetings (PRMs). Then, data were analysed to identify the influencing factors in relation to outcome variables (CV average score).

Findings
– Among 14 explanatory variables, five explanatory variables showed statistical significant association with the CV average score. Those are: “Feedback and information sharing,” (p=0.031), “Quality Improvement Team roles and responsibility” (p=0.002), “5S knowledge,” “Involvement and commitment,” and “5S guidelines use and availability,” (p=0.000). When the explanatory variables were controlled by levels of hospitals; “involvement and commitment” was the only explanatory variable for national level hospitals. For regional referral hospitals, “QIT roles and responsibility” (p=0.02) and “5S knowledge” (p=0.03) were statistically significant. For district hospitals, “involvement and commitment” (p=0.01) and “availability of guideline (p=0.001)” were statistically significant.

Research limitations/implications
– This study has the following limitations. The data were collected from existing reports and presentation materials only. There might be reporting bias, as PRM data is self-reported from the hospitals. Caution is therefore needed in extrapolating the study results to other settings. Despite these caveats, the findings will provide important insights for designing and implementing QI programs in Tanzania and in other African countries.

Originality/value
– The authors' conceptual framework is based on the existing literature on the science of diffusion and scale up of innovation in the health sector. Few studies are known from resource constrain settings in Africa which assess the determinants of the process of nationwide scale-up of proven interventions.