bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wykazywanie zasobów wêgla kamiennego w Polsce zgodnie z JORC Code / Reporting of Hard Coal Reserves and Resources in Poland on the Basis of the JORC Code
Authors: Saługa Piotr W. , Sobczyk Eugeniusz J. , Kicki Jerzy 
Published: June 2015

Streszczenie
Wykazywanie zasobów złóż kopalin oraz podawanie tych informacji do wiedzy publicznej stanowi istotne zagadnienie w odniesieniu do zasadności prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej w branży geologiczno-górniczej. Od szeregu lat w przestrzeni międzynarodowej funkcjonuje system raportowania i klasyfikacji zasobów kopalin stałych bazujący na australijskim kodeksie JORC. Dokument ten, honorowany przez giełdy, przedstawia minimum standardów i wytyczne niezbędne do rzetelnego i wiarygodnego wykazywania zasobów złóż; kodeks JORC stosuje dwie podstawo­we kategorie zasobów: resources i resenres, z których pierwsza odnosi się do zapasów (zasobów bilansowych) kopaliny, a druga do zasobów wydobywalnych - czyli wielkości możliwych do wy­dobycia przy uwzględnieniu aktualnie dostępnych środków technicznych i obecnych kryteriów ekonomicznych. Układ klasyfikacji jest hierarchiczny - zasoby resen/es stanowią podzbiór zapasów. Wraz z napływem informacji geologicznej wśród tych ostatnich wyróżnia się zasoby domniemane (inferred), oznaczone (indicated) oraz zmierzone (measured), natomiast w obrębie pierwszych - zasoby prawdopodobne (probable) i pewne (proved). Zasoby bilansowe zmierzone oraz wy doby walne pewne stanowią najlepiej rozpoznane partie złóż. W związku z sukcesem JORC wiele krajów wprowadziło bazujące na nim własne, narodowe kodeksy wykazywania zasobów. Kodeksy te sku­pione są w obrębie CRIRSCO - Komitecie Międzynarodowych Standardów Wykazywania Zasobów Kopalin [stałych].
Polska klasyfikacja zasobów ma hierarchiczny charakter - z łącznych zasobów geologicznych wyodrębnia się zasoby bilansowe obejmujące zasoby przemysłowe i nieprzemysłowe. W zależności od zakresu wiedzy geologicznej zasoby wykazuje się w pięciu kategoriach rozpoznania: D, C2, Cj, B i A. Po odjęciu strat i uwzględnieniu zubożenia otrzymuje się zasoby eksploatacyjne. Jak do­tychczas, pomimo doświadczeń rosyjskich w tym zakresie, w Polsce nie wypracowano standardu harmonizującego system polski i międzynarodowy. Treść niniejszego artykułu przedstawia pro­pozycję takiego dostosowania.
Recovery of molybdenum from alkali leaching solution of low-grade molybdenum concentrate by ion exchange
Authors: Gao Zhaoguo , Zhang Bo , Liu Hongzhao , Wang Wei , Cao Yaohua 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn order to extract molybdenum (Mo) from alkali leaching solution of low-grade Mo concentrate, static and dynamic ion exchange experiments were performed. The static experiments results indicated that the adsorption capacity of D201 resins reached 93.50% at pH 3.5, while the adsorption capacity of D314 resins was 95.47%. Therefore, D314 resin was adopted for further experiments. The dynamic experiments results indicated that the adsorption capacity of Mo reached 96.77% when the flow rate of leaching solution was 1 ml/min. The loaded resin could be desorbed by 10% ammonia solution. In consequence, the maximum concentration of Mo in eluate was 122 g/l. In the precipitation process, the Mo recovery reached 97.81%, and the obtained Mo oxide products met the requirement of YMo 55 national standard in GB/T24482-2009 and Grade A standard of ASTM A146-04 (2014).
Mode of action of brown rot decay resistance in phenol-formaldehyde-modified wood: resistance to Fenton’s reagent
Authors: Hosseinpourpia Reza , Mai Carsten 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The mode of action of phenol-formaldehyde (PF)-modified wood has been investigated with respect to its resistance to brown rot decay. The Fenton reaction is assumed to play a key role in the initial brown rot decay. Pine microveneers were modified to various weight percent gains (WPG) with low molecular weight PF and exposed to a solution containing Fenton’s reagent. The mass loss (ML) and tensile strength loss (TSL) as well as the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide within the incubation time decreased with the increasing WPG of the veneers. Incubation of untreated and PF-modified veneers in acetate buffer containing ferric ions without H2O2 revealed that the modification strongly reduces the uptake of iron by the wood cell wall. Further studies indicated that lignin promotes the decay of wood by Fenton’s reagent. The reason for the enhanced resistance of modified wood to the Fenton reaction is attributable to the impeded diffusion of iron ions into the cell wall rather than to the blocking of free phenolic sites of lignin, which accelerate redox cycling of iron.
The health of Swiss adolescents and its implications for training of health professionals in Switzerland
Authors: Meynard Anne , Rutishauser Christoph , Thomi Mirjam , Stronski Huwiler Suzanne M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSwiss adolescents generally enjoy satisfying life conditions. Nonetheless, violence, suicide and mental health are the main concerns together with injuries, chronic conditions and eating disorders. Adolescents still face barriers to access the care they need. Adequate training can improve practitioners’ skills when dealing with adolescents. The last two decades have seen the development of innovative adolescent health units and networks in various regions of Switzerland as well as research and public health programmes. Training programmes in adolescent health (continuous medical education, post-graduate or pre-graduate) for physicians and nurses are developing but still patchy in Switzerland. Adolescent health is not a sub-specialty as such. Efforts have to be made in order to link with professional associations and institutions to implement adolescent health curricula more efficiently.
The Rheology and Physical Properties of Fermented Probiotic Ice Creams Made with Dairy Alternatives
Authors: Aboulfazli Fatemeh , Baba Ahmad Salihin , Misran Misni 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this study, cow (W)’s milk was replaced by soy (S), coconut (C) and various combinations of coconut or cow milks with soy milk in order to produce fermented probiotic ice cream. The changes in ice cream eating qualities and physical properties were evaluated. Fermented ice cream containing vegetable milks showed a slower melting rate and higher apparent viscosity and particle size and also lower total acceptability than fermented cow milk ice cream (control). Ice creams containing Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-05; L) showed a lower melting rate and higher apparent viscosity and particle size than ice creams containing Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bb-12; B). Regardless of the starter culture used, all of sensory analysis scores decreased in ice creams with higher soy milk amount. The vegetable milks may offer ice cream manufacturers an alternative source of cow milk as a functional ice cream.
Economic Growth and Environmental Quality in the European Union Countries – Is there Evidence for the Environmental Kuznets Curve?
Authors: Mazur Anna , Phutkaradze Zaur , Phutkaradze Jaba 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This research empirically explores the relation between carbon dioxide emission and economic growth during the period 1992-2010, using panel data on the European Union countries. Both fixed and random effect models are employed to test the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP per capita. While no U-shaped EKC was confirmed empirically for all 28 current EU member states, the graphical analysis demonstrates a justified turning point for CO2 emissions as GDP per capita reaches the level of 23,000 USD. Furthermore, there is a firm empirical ground for the EKC hypothesis based on data from 16 older, relatively high-income EU states. Thus, though not empirically confirmed, there is ample data verifying the existence of the EKC in EU economies.
Investor Reaction to Information on Final Dividend Payouts on the Warsaw Stock Exchange – an Event Study Analysis
Authors: Szomko Natalia 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This article analyzes the investor reaction to information on the final value of dividend payouts for companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, using the event study methodology. Our research shows that investor reaction is positive for irregular payouts and both the initiation of and the increase in payouts, while negative for the resumption and of and decreases in payouts. The magnitude of the reaction is also higher for the initiation of payouts than either the increases in, or irregular payouts.
This study contributes to the literature on dividend policy by presenting results for the emerging economy of Poland. Moreover, it pays particular attention to statistical issues related to the event study methodology, i.e., the verification of assumptions behind the method of returns model estimation. It also compares investor reaction to dividend changes assessed on the basis of different measures, and underlines the dependence of the results on the choice of the parameters assumed (e.g., event window length).
Numerical Simulation of Unstable Stratified Turbulent Flow in Open Channels
Authors: Zhumagulov Bakhytzhan , Issakhov Alibek , Khikmetov Askar 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This paper considers the unstable stratified turbulent flow in an open channel. A mathematical model of unstable stratified turbulent flow is introduced, which allows to assess the mean and fluctuation characteristics of the turbulent flow. The numerical algorithm is developed for solving this problem. A numerical method is based on the projection method, which divides the problem into three stages. At the first stage, it is assumed that the transfer of momentum occurs only by convection and diffusion. Intermediate velocity field is solved by fractional steps method. At the second stage, three-dimensional Poisson equation is solved by the Fourier method in combination with tridiagonal matrix method (Thomas algorithm). Finally, at the third stage, it is expected that the transfer is only due to the pressure gradient. The simulation results are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data.
New fractional calculus results involving Srivastava’s general class of multivariable polynomials and The H̅ - function
Authors: Chaurasia V. B. L. , Gill Vinod 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
A significantly large number of earlier works on the subjects of fractional calculus give interesting account of the theory and applications of fractional calculus operators in many different areas of mathematical analysis. In the present paper, we study and develop an important result involving a fractional differential operator for the product of general multivariable polynomials, general polynomial set and two -functions. The result discussed here can be used to investigate a wide class of new and known results, hitherto scattered in the literature. For the sake of illustration, six interesting special case have also been recorded here of our main findings.
A Class of Modified Ratio Estimators for Estimation of Population Variance
Authors: Subramani J. , Kumarapandiyan G. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this paper we have proposed a class of modified ratio type variance estimators for estimation of population variance of the study variable using the known parameters of the auxiliary variable. The bias and mean squared error of the proposed estimators are obtained and also derived the conditions for which the proposed estimators perform better than the traditional ratio type variance estimator and existing modified ratio type variance estimators. Further we have compared the proposed estimators with that of the traditional ratio type variance estimator and existing modified ratio type variance estimators for certain natural populations.
Integral identity for a class of ill-posed problems generated by a parabolic equation
Authors: Vavilov Sergey A. , Svetlov Kirill V. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The goal of the present study is to derive an integral identity for a class of ill-posed problems generated by a parabolic equation. The obtained result enables us to reduce the original ill-posed problem directly to the first-kind Fredholm equation with translation kernel. Various real world applications to a different fields of knowledge, including ecology and finances, are presented.
The variational formulation of an inverse problem for
multidimensional nonlinear time-dependent Schrödinger equation
Authors: Aksoy Nigar Yıldırım 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this paper, an inverse problem of determining the unknown coefficient of a
multidimensional nonlinear time-dependent Schrödinger equation that has
a complex number at nonlinear part is considered. The inverse problem is
reformulated as a variational one which aims to minimize the observation
functional. This paper presents existence and uniqueness theorems of
solutions of the constituted variational problem, the gradient of the
observation functional and a necessary condition for the solution of the
variational problem.
Optimisation of Lilla Edet Landslide GPS Monitoring Network
Authors: Alizadeh-Khameneh M. A. , Eshagh M. , Sjöberg L. E. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Since the year 2000, some periodic investigations
have been performed in the Lilla Edet region to monitor
and possibly determine the landslide of the area with
GPS measurements. The responsible consultant has conducted
this project by setting up some stable stations for
GPS receivers in the risky areas of Lilla Edet and measured
the independent baselines amongst the stations according
to their observation plan. Here, we optimise the existing
surveying network and determine the optimal configuration
of the observation plan based on different criteria.We
aim to optimise the current network to become sensitive
to detect 5 mm possible displacements in each net point.
The network quality criteria of precision, reliability and
cost are used as object functions to perform single-, bi- and
multi-objective optimisation models. It has been shown
in the results that the single-objective model of reliability,
which is constrained to the precision, provides much
higher precision than the defined criterion by preserving
almost all of the observations. However, in this study, the
multi-objective model can fulfil all the mentioned quality
criteria of the network by 17% less measurements than
the original observation plan, meaning 17%of saving time,
cost and effort in the project.
Increased Monoclonal Components: Prevalence in an Italian Population of 44 474 Outpatients Detected by Capillary Electrophoresis/ Povišene monoklonske komponente: prevalencija u skupini 44.474 italijanskih nehospitalizovanih ispitanika detektovana kapilarnom elektroforezom
Authors: Vernocchi Arialdo , Longhi Ermanno , Lippi Giuseppe , Gelsumini Silvia 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Background: Identification, quantification and typing of MProteins (MP) play an important role in the diagnosis, classification and monitoring of monoclonal gammopathies both of malignant origin (eg. Multiple Myeloma) and of unknown origin. Previous evidence attests that MGUS (Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance) detected by agarose gel electrophoresis has a prevalence of 3.2% in the general population. Therefore, our study aimed to verify this data by means of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE).
Methods: CZE was performed to evaluate the prevalence of M-Protein (MP) in 44.474 consecutive outpatients of all ages with a prescription for serum protein electrophoresis over a 2-year period (2008 and 2009). All MPs that were identified were then typed by immunofixation electro pho - resis on agarose gel (IFE).
Results: In subjects aged over 50 (23.408, i.e., 52.6% of the whole cohort) MP ≤30 g/L (MGUS) was identified in 6.0% of cases, with a frequency nearly double than that previously reported. The population was then divided into ten-year age groups: the 71-80 age group had the highest percentage of MP (29%), followed by 61-70 (27%), 51-60 (18%), 81-90 (12%), 41-50 (8%), 31-40 (3%), >90 (2%) and <30 (1%). The frequency of MP types (IFE) was the same in each age group, with IgG Kappa being the most represented class.
Conclusions: According to the high MGUS prevalence observed in this study, these results may be useful especially for general practitioners, because the identification even of small MP (analytical sensitivity: 0.5 g/L) may help optimize clinical management.
Population size, dynamics and reproduction success of the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina) in Latvia
Authors: Bergmanis Uģis , Auniņš Ainārs , Petriņš Aivars , Cīrulis Valdis , Granāts Jānis , Opermanis Otars , Soms Andris 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We analysed the population size, population dynamics and reproduction success of the lesser spotted eagle in Latvia from 1988 to 2014. While the overall population did not show a statistically significant trend during any of the periods analysed (long, medium and short term), the populations in the individual study areas changed differently: of five research plots, populations were stable in two, increased in one, and decreased in two research plots. Using the existing research plots as samples of breeding numbers in areas of different breeding density classes based on forest management units, the total breeding population in Latvia was estimated. The overall number of breeding pairs in 2012-2014 was between 3700-4000. During the period 1988-2014, 65.62% of all pairs recorded as present on their home range, made a breeding attempt and laid eggs. The reproductive success ratio was 0.49 young per occupied territory with an adult pair of birds and 0.74 young per breeding pair which laid eggs. Overall, during the 21 -year research period there was a stable long-term trend in reproductive success (young per pair present on home range). Rarely, indeed only in 1 .89% of all cases did two young fledge. The total number of young (young per 100 km2) shows stable long-, medium- and short-term trends with an average value of 5.1 young per 100 km2.
Monitoring of spotted eagles in Estonia in 1994–2014: Stability of the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina) and decline of the greater spotted eagle (A. clanga)
Authors: Väli Ülo 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Population trends of the lesser and greater spotted eagle in Estonia were comparatively estimated using data obtained in 1994-2014 from the monitoring scheme of common raptors and from special plots for monitoring of spotted eagles. Both approaches had pros and cons, but resulted in similar population trends. The numbers of the lesser spotted eagle have had minor fluctuations over the last two decades but the overall trend is stable; the current population size is estimated as 600-700 pairs. The number of greater spotted eagle breeding territories (pure-species and mixed pairs pooled) have significantly decreased, for example by 14% per year in 2004-2010, though in recent years the numbers seem to be stabilised at a critically low level. The decline of pure-species pairs was somewhat steeper than that ofmixed pairs, their proportion decreasing from a third to a quarter of the greater spotted eagle breeding territories. Altogether 5-10 breeding territories of the greater spotted eagle may be found nowadays in Estonia.
On eastern imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca) breeding in atypical habitat under competitive conditions with other eagle species
Authors: Bekmansurov Rinur H. , Karyakin Igor V. , Shnayder Elena P. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In the paper we describe two cases of eastern imperial eagle breeding in the former nests of greater spotted eagle and white-tailed eagle observed in the Tatarstan Republic, Russia. In both cases, eastern imperial eagles occupied non-favourable habitats they never used before - a vast alder forest in the wetlands and an island in a reservoir. The possible reasons that made the eagles expand their breeding ranges in the Volga region ofRussia are discussed in this paper
Reproductive success, selected nest characteristics and the effectiveness of establishing
protection zones of the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina)
population in Slovakia
Authors: Dravecký Miroslav , Maderič Boris , Kicko Ján , Danko Štefan , Karaska Dušan , Mihók Jozef , Guziová Zuzana 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In 2011–201 4 monitoring of the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina) breeding population was conducted in eight
special protection areas in Slovakia. From a total of 272 successful breeding attempts by 1 49 breeding pairs during 4 breeding
seasons 277 young birds were fledged. The average reproductive success ratio was thus 0.51 juv./pair present, 0.69 juv./breeding
pair and 1 .37 juv./1 00 km2. In the surveyed period a total of 1 51 protection zones were established around the nests in 11 9 breeding
territories, which provided protection for 1 7% of the breeding population of the lesser spotted eagle in Slovakia. By testing
the effectiveness of protection zones it was determined that in nests with an established protection zone the probability of successful
raising of young is higher in comparison with nests without such a zone. The probability that breeding will be successful in the
nests of breeding pairs without a protection zone was 48.1% (95% confidence intervals (CIs): 37.4–59.0%), and in nests with
a protection zone 64.8% (95% CIs: 59.8–69.6%). Among the five most frequent nest tree species used by A. pomarina in Slovakia
for breeding are Picea abies 61 × (28.4%), Pinus sylvestris 45× (20.9%), Quercus sp. 36× (1 6.7%), Fagus sylvatica 25× (11 .6%)
and Abies alba 1 8× (8.4%). Among the rarer nest tree species used are Larix decidua 1 2× (5.6%) and Alnus glutinosa 3× (1 .4%),
while a further 11 species of nest trees did not achieve even 1%. The highest number of nest trees (n = 21 5), i.e. 34 nests (1 5.8%),
was found in the altitude range of 401–450 m a.s.l. and 29 nests (1 3.5%) at 351–400 m a.s.l. Other altitude zones were all below
the 1 0% mark. A total of 54% of nests found (11 6 nests) are located in the altitude zone of 301–600 m a.s.l., and 71 nests (33%)
in the zone 600–900 m a.s.l. The lowest situated nest was at an altitude of 1 50 m and the highest at 950 m; the average was
595.01 m a.s.l. The highest number of nests (n = 209) were located on trees in a range 1 5.1–20.0 m above the ground (n = 92,
44%), while the lowest nest found was at a height of 5 m and the highest at 30 m above the ground.
Experimental Investigation on the Ignition Delay Time of Plasma-Assisted Ignition
Authors: Xiao Yang , Yu Jin-Lu , He Li-Ming , Jiang Yong-Jian , Wu Yong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates the ignition performances of plasma-assisted ignition in propane/air mixture. The results show that a shorter ignition delay time is obtained for the plasma ignition than the spark ignition and the average ignition delay time of plasma-assisted ignition can be reduced at least by 50%. The influence of air flow rate of combustor, the arc current and argon flow rate of plasma igniter on ignition delay time are also investigated. The ignition delay time of plasma-assisted ignition increases with increasing air flow rate in the combustor. By increasing the arc current, the plasma ignition will gain more ignition energy to ignite the mixture more easily. The influence of plasma ignition argon flow rates on the ignition delay time is quite minor.