bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amyloid precursor protein in human breast cancer: An androgen‐induced gene associated with cell proliferation
Authors: Takagi Kiyoshi , Ito Shigehiro , Miyazaki Toshiaki , Miki Yasuhiro , Shibahara Yukiko , Ishida Takanori , Watanabe Mika , Inoue Satoshi , Sasano Hironobu , Suzuki Takashi 
Published: July 2013

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane protein that is highly expressed in brain tissue. Recently, APP has been implicated in some human malignancies, and its regulation by androgens has also been demonstrated. Such findings suggest the importance of APP in hormone‐dependent breast carcinoma, but APP has not yet been examined in breast carcinoma tissues. Therefore, in this study, we examined the biological and clinical significance of APP in breast carcinoma using immunohistochemistry and in vitro studies. APP immunoreactivity was detected in 57 out of 117 (49%) breast carcinoma tissues examined, and it was positively associated with androgen receptor (AR) expression. APP immunoreactivity was also significantly associated with Ki‐67 LI and increased risk of recurrence in the estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive cases, and was an independent prognostic factor in these patients. Subsequent in vitro experiments demonstrated that APP mRNA expression was significantly induced by biologically active androgen dihydrotestosterone in both a dose‐dependent and a time‐dependent manner in MCF‐7 breast carcinoma cells, which was potently suppressed by an AR blocker hydroxyflutamide. Moreover, cell proliferation activity of MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells was significantly associated with their APP expression level. These findings suggest that APP is an androgen‐induced gene that promotes proliferation activity of breast carcinoma cells. Moreover, APP immunohistochemical status is considered a potent prognostic factor in ER‐positive breast cancer patients.
Identification of anaerobic threshold by analysis of heart rate variability during discontinuous dynamic and resistance exercise protocols in healthy older men
Authors: Simões Rodrigo Polaquini , Castello‐Simões Viviane , Mendes Renata Gonçalves , Archiza Bruno , dos Santos Daniel Augusto , Bonjorno José Carlos , de Oliveira Claudio Ricardo , Catai Aparecida Maria , Arena Ross , Borghi‐Silva Audrey 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe purposes of this study were to determine anaerobic threshold (AT) during discontinuous dynamic and resistive exercise protocols by analysing of heart rate variability (HRV) and blood lactate (BL) in healthy elderly subjects and compare the cardiovascular, metabolic and autonomic variables obtained from these two forms of exercise. Fourteen elderly (70 ± 4 years) apparently healthy males underwent the following tests: (i) incremental ramp test on cycle ergometer, (ii) one repetition maximum (1RM) leg press at 45°, (iii) a discontinuous exercise test on a cycle ergometer (DET‐C) protocol and (iv) a resistance exercise leg press (DET‐L) protocol. Heart rate, blood pressure and BL were obtained during each increment of exercise intensity. No significant differences (P>0·05) were found between methods of AT determination (BL and HRV) nor the relative intensity corresponding to AT (30% of maximum intensity) between the types of exercise (DET‐C and DET‐L). Furthermore, no significant differences (P>0·05) were found between the DET‐C and DET‐L in relation to HRV, however, the DET‐L provided higher values of systolic blood pressure and BL (P<0·05) from the intensity corresponding to AT. We conclude that HRV was effective in determination of AT, and the parasympathetic modulation responses obtained during dynamic and resistive exercise protocols were similar when compared at the same relative intensity. However, DET‐L resulted in higher values of blood pressure and BL at workloads beyond AT.
The importance of wild plant species as potential inoculum reservoirs of white root rot disease
Authors: Takemoto S. , Nakamura H. , Tabata M. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryRosellinia necatrix is a soilborne plant pathogenic fungus belonging to the phylum Ascomycota. The fungus is distributed widely in temperate zones and often causes huge economic losses on numerous crop plants. To determine the potential for wild plants to serve as inoculum reservoirs of white root rot disease, eight woody and two herbaceous plant species belonging to nine families were inoculated with two R. necatrix isolates. The species used were Actinidia polygama, Broussonetia kazinoki, Camellia sinensis, Castanea crenata, Hydrangea serrata, Magnolia obovata, Pteridium aquilinum, Petasites japonicus, Quercus serrata and Rosa multiflora, all common flora in the cool temperate forests of Japan. The mortality of plants varied between species, independent of the effect of fungal isolates. Although some of the plants survived fungal infection, all plant species tested were more or less susceptible, having rotting lesions on the inner bark and cortex. For the woody plants, most of the mycelial strands in the diseased tissues became plumose mycelia, growing compressed between the outer and inner barks. However, mycelia found in diseased tissues of the two herbaceous plants were not in the form of plumose mycelia. All plant species harboured mycelial strands on the surface of their root systems and underground main stem, and the amount of the mycelial strands did not correlate with the mortality of the plants. Even if plants exhibited no external symptoms, some of them harboured abundant mycelial strands. In conclusion, wild plants can serve as alternative host plants for R. necatrix and function as persistent inoculum reservoirs, irrespective of their apparent health status. Thus, assessments of such latent host plants must be considered in the course of managing white root rot.
Effects of ecological restoration‐induced land‐use change and improved management on grassland net primary productivity in the Shiyanghe River Basin, north‐west China
Authors: Zhou W. , Li J. L. , Mu S. J. , Gang C. C. , Sun Z. G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTo address severe grassland degradation, the Chinese government implemented national restoration programmes, which in turn drove a research focus towards assessment of the environmental effectiveness of such initiatives. In this study, net primary productivity (NPP) was used as an indicator for assessing the impacts of land use and cover change (LUCC), improved land‐use management and climate change on the grassland ecosystem of the Shiyanghe River Basin. NPP was calculated on the basis of the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach model, which is driven by a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index and meteorological data. The LUCC data for 2001 and 2009 were derived from MODIS land‐cover data. During the study period, the net increase in grassland development was 5105·5 km2, with 80·4% of the newly developed grasslands attributed to desert‐to‐grassland conversion. The total NPP of grasslands in 2009 increased by 659·62 Gg C compared with that in 2001. The contributions of human activity and climate change to total NPP increase were 133 and −33% respectively. Land conversion and improved management measures directly increased grassland NPP. These factors are dominant positive driving forces, whereas warm and dry climates impose adverse effects on grassland restoration in the study site.
Relationship between tissue hydroxyl radical and oxidatively modified macromolecule levels
Authors: Sasaki Toru , Mogi Sho‐Ichi , Kaneko Takao , Kojima Haruka , Katoh Shinsuke , Sano Akira , Kojima Shuji 
Published: July 2013

AimsThe relationship between hydroxyl radical (·OH) and oxidatively modified macromolecule formations was examined in tissues from young and aged mice.MethodsTo determine the ·OH generation in tissues in vivo using the hydroxylation trapping reaction of ·OH into salicylic acid (SA), analytical conditions for dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and SA determination, and optimum dosages of SA for administration and time‐points of tissue sampling were determined. 2, 3‐DHBA levels in tissues from young mice and age‐related changes were determined with the oxidatively modified macromolecules.Results2, 3‐DHBA, a hydroxylation compound of SA, is considered to be suitable for determination of ·OH levels in tissues. Tissue levels of 2, 3‐DHBA expressed as a molar ratio to SA, was comparable among tissues, and was in accordance with 8‐oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxodG) and carbonylated proteins. In the aging process, 2, 3‐DHBA levels in the brain and heart increased in the biphasic pattern in accordance with the 8‐oxodG and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, whereas levels of carbonylated proteins were not changed with age.ConclusionsAn in vivo method for ·OH measurement using hydroxylation of SA was optimized. However, as a limitation, 2, 3‐DHBA, as well as other oxidative stress markers, could be affected by various in vivo factors. The accordance was seen among 2, 3‐DHBA, 8‐oxodG and carbonylated protein levels in tissues from young mice. The tissue levels of 2, 3‐DHBA increased in accordance with the 8‐oxodG and TBARS during the aging process. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 498–507.
Frailty Index in Europeans: Association with determinants of health
Authors: Romero‐Ortuno Roman 
Published: July 2013

AimThe Frailty Index (FI) summarizes differences in health status within individuals, and the determinants of health drive that variability. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of education, income, smoking, alcohol intake and parental longevity on the FI variability in subjects of the same chronological age group.MethodsAnalyses were based on a 40‐item FI based on the first wave of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, http://www.share‐project.org/), including 29 905 participants aged ≥50 years from 12 countries. For each sex, the sample was divided into age categories (50s, 60s, 70s, 80s and ≥90), and FI quartiles within age categories were calculated. Multivariate ordinal regressions were computed to assess the relative contribution of the health determinants on the FI quartiles in each age group.ResultsIn women, the most significant multivariate predictors were years of education (odds ratios [OR] around 0.9), and difficulties making ends meet (OR between 1.8 and 2.1). In men, the most significant multivariate predictors were years of education (OR around 0.9), difficulties making ends meet (OR between 1.6 and 2.1), mother's age at death (OR under 1), and father's age at death (OR under 1).ConclusionsConsistently with the literature, education and income explained, in both sexes, cross‐sectional variability in FI in subjects of the same chronological age group. The influence of parental longevity seemed to be greater in men, which mirrors previous studies showing that genetic factors might have a higher impact on longevity in men. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 420–429.
Information‐seeking trends of medical professionals and students from middle‐income countries: a focus on the Philippines
Authors: Gavino Alex I. , Ho Beverly Lorraine C. , Wee Pura Angela A. , Marcelo Alvin B. , Fontelo Paul 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundIncreased emphasis has been given to the practice of evidence‐based medicine (EBM) worldwide. Access to quality health information is essential to the practice of EBM in developing countries.ObjectivesTo understand the information needs and sources of information of physicians from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).MethodsMedical doctors and students participated in an 18‐question online or paper study.ResultsOf the 156 respondents from six LMICs, 146 (94%) came from the Philippines. Eighty‐eight per cent encountered at least one clinical question daily, while 58% were very likely to search for answers. A basic mobile phone was the most used device at home (94%) and at work (82%). More than half had Internet connectivity at home (62%) and just under half at work (46%). In decreasing order, short messaging services (SMS), email, instant messaging and multimedia messaging services (MMS) were the most commonly used messaging tools at home and at work. The primary source for medication questions was a formulary, but for diagnostic dilemmas, colleagues were consulted first. PubMed use was high for therapy and management questions.ConclusionThe use of health information from the Internet through mobile devices may be increasing. Access to health information was higher at home than at work. These results may be useful when planning resources for healthcare givers in resource‐poor settings.
Efficacy of straight versus angled interdental brushes on interproximal tooth cleaning: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jordan RA , Hong HM , Lucaciu A , Zimmer S 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate interproximal biofilm reduction with an angled interdental brush as compared to a straight interdental brush (standard control) in a clinical, single‐centre, single‐blind, controlled, parallel‐group trial.MethodsRecruitment and examinations of the subjects were performed at the Witten/Herdecke University School of Dental Medicine. 128 volunteers, aged 20–65 years, were recruited and stratified according to sex and age. Two groups with 64 subjects each used either straight (standard control) or angled (test group) handgripped interdental toothbrushes of the same bristle stiffness. After a 12‐day home‐care habituation period, participants received a professional tooth cleaning followed by a 48‐h plaque regrowth period. At the intervention appointment, plaque was recorded with a fluorescent revelator and soft tissue damage was noted (T0). Interdental brushing was performed by the participant for 2 min, and clinical parameters were recorded again (T1).The primary efficacy end point was the difference in modified Proximal Plaque Index (mPPI) after brushing compared to baseline. Secondary efficacy end points were mPPI differences in subgroups (anterior vs. posterior teeth; vestibular vs. oral tooth surfaces). Safety end point was the Danser gingival abrasion index (DI).ResultsmPPI showed lower scores after brushing within all (sub)groups (P < 0.01). mPPI brushing efficacy (ΔT0 − T1) in subjects using straight interdental brushes was significantly higher as compared to angled interdental brushes (P < 0.0001). Straight interdental brushes were significantly more effective in posterior teeth, when used from vestibular and from oral tooth surfaces (P < 0.0001, P < 0.01 and P < 0.0001, respectively). No significant differences were found between the groups in anterior teeth and concerning soft tissue damage.ConclusionsStraight interdental brushes may better remove plaque interproximally when compared to angled interdental brushes.
Influence of rotational speed on the cyclic fatigue of Mtwo instruments
Authors: Pedullà E. , Plotino G. , Grande N. M. , Scibilia M. , Pappalardo A. , Malagnino V. A. , Rapisarda E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of rotational speed on cyclic fatigue of Mtwo nickel–titanium files.MethodologyA total of 120 new Mtwo rotary instruments sizes 10, 0.04 taper; 15, 0.05 taper; 20, 0.05 taper; and 25, 0.06 taper were randomly divided into three groups on the basis of the rotational speed used to shape nine standardized simulated canals: group A = 350 rpm; group B = 250 rpm; group C = 150 rpm. Each group consisted of 40 instruments, 10 for every size. The average preparation time (in seconds) and the average correlated numbers of cycles to instrument (NCI) the nine standardized canals were recorded for each file. The resistance to cyclic fatigue was determined by counting numbers of cycles to failure (NCF) with a rotational speed of 300 rpm in a 60° curve with a 5‐mm radius. Data were analysed by two‐way anova.ResultsPreparation time was significantly longer at 150 rpm than at 250 or 350 rpm. The average number of cycles needed for each file to instrument nine standardized canals was significantly higher at 350 and 250 rpm, than at 150 rpm. There were no significant differences in the NCF (P > 0.05) between A, B and C groups for instruments of the same size.ConclusionsSpeed did not affect the cyclic fatigue of Mtwo instruments with the same size and taper. Preparation time was shorter at 350 or 250 rpm rather than at 150 rpm. However, there was no significant difference between 350 and 250 rpm rotational speed, neither in the preparation time of simulated canals nor in the resistance to fatigue fracture.
A novel lobule rotation flap for the reconstruction of middle third auricular defects
Authors: Basu Indraneil , Way Benjamin , Al‐Basri Isam 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere are numerous techniques for the reconstruction of cutaneous defects of the pinna. Many of these distort the auricle, and several are challenging and time‐consuming to perform.MethodsAn illustrative case is presented to demonstrate a novel lobule rotational flap, which can be used to cover cutaneous defects of the middle third of the pinna.ResultsPostoperative photography illustrates that this simple one‐stage technique causes minimal anatomical distortion and allows the final scar to be concealed within the inner helical rim.ConclusionsSmall local flaps can be raised from the lobule to cover challenging defects of the middle third of the pinna. In selected patients, with abundant lobular tissue, this technique can be as effective as more complex reconstructive options.
Effects of imatinib mesylate on the spontaneous activity generated by the guinea‐pig prostate
Authors: Lam Michelle , Dey Anupa , Lang Richard J. , Exintaris Betty 
Published: July 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Several studies have examined the functional role of tyrosine kinase receptors in the generation of spontaneous activity in various segments of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts through the application of its inhibitor, imatinib mesylate (Glivec®), but results are fairly inconsistent.
This is the first study detailing the effects of imatinib mesylate on the spontaneous activity in the young and ageing prostate gland. As spontaneous electrical activity underlies the spontaneous rhythmic prostatic contractions that occur at rest, elucidating the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the spontaneous electrical activity and the resultant phasic contractions could conceivably lead to the identification of better targets and the development of more specific therapeutic agents to treat prostate conditions.
Objective
To investigate the effect of imatinib mesylate, a tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor, in the generation of spontaneous electrical and contractile activity in the young and ageing guinea‐pig prostate.
Materials and Methods
Standard tension and intracellular recording were used to measure spontaneous contractions and slow waves, respectively from the guinea‐pig prostate at varying concentrations of imatinib mesylate (1–50 μm).
Results
Imatinib mesylate (1–10 μm), did not significantly affect slow waves recorded in the prostate of both age groups but at 50 μm, the amplitude of slow waves from the ageing guinea‐pig prostate was significantly reduced (P < 0.05, n = 5).
In contrast, the amplitude of contractions across all concentrations in the young guinea‐pig prostate was reduced to between 35% and 41% of control, while the frequency was reduced to 15.7% at 1 μm (n = 7), 49.8% at 5 μm (n = 10), 46.2% at 10 μm (n = 7) and 53.1% at 50 μm (n = 5).
Similarly, imatinib mesylate attenuated the amplitude and slowed the frequency of contractions in ageing guinea‐pigs to 5.15% and 3.3% at 1 μm (n = 6); 21.1% and 20.8% at 5 μm (n = 8); 58.4% and 8.8% at 10 μm (n = 11); 72.7% and 60% at 50 μm (n = 5).
Conclusions
A significant reduction in contractions but persistence of slow waves suggests imatinib mesylate may affect the smooth muscle contractile mechanism.
Imatinib mesylate also significantly reduced contractions in the prostates of younger guinea pigs more than older ones, which is consistent with the notion that the younger guinea‐pig prostate is more reliant on the tyrosine‐dependent pacemaker ability of interstitial cells of Cajal‐like prostatic interstitial cells.
Primate pulp response to an ultraviolet light cured restorative material
Authors: STANLEY H. R. , MYERS C. L. , HEYDE J. B. , CHAMBFRLAIN J. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The present toxicity study investigated the pulpal response of an experimental u.v. light cured composite product as a Class V restorative material. Seventy‐eight Class V cavities were prepared on the buccofacial surfaces of cynomolgus monkeys using a high‐speed, air‐water spray cutting technique. The experimental product was compared to a self‐curing composite resin and a zinc oxide and eugenol formula. The animals were sacrificed at 3, 14 and 60 days.All categories exhibited about the same minimal degree of pulpal response at the three‐day post‐operative interval. However, focal hemorrhage occurred in 80% of the u.v. light cured resin category. After 60 post‐operative days, the u.v. cured resin specimens presented persistent or increasing responses as compared to the specimens treated with either a self‐curing composite resin or zinc oxide and eugenol.Should this u.v. light cured resin be used as a restorative material such as employed in this study, a calcium hydroxide liner is suggested in order to minimize the pulpal responses observed 60 days post‐operatively.
Blood Pressure Control in a Hypertension Telemedicine Intervention: Does Distance to Primary Care Matter?
Authors: Bowen Michael E. , Bosworth Hayden B. , Roumie Christianne L. 
Published: July 2013

Although telemedicine may help overcome geographic access barriers, it is unknown whether rural patients receive greater benefits. In a secondary analysis of 503 veterans participating in a hypertension telemedicine study, the authors hypothesized that patients with greater travel distances would have greater improvements in 18‐month systolic blood pressure (SBP). Patients were categorized by telemedicine exposure and travel distance to primary care, derived from zip codes. Comparisons were (1) usual care (UC), distance <30 miles (reference); (2) UC, distance ≥30 miles; (3) telemedicine, distance <30 miles; (4) telemedicine, distance ≥30 miles. Compared with patients receiving UC, distance <30 miles (intercept=127.7), no difference in 18‐month SBP was observed in patients receiving UC, distance ≥30 miles (0.13 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval [−6.6 to 6.8]); telemedicine, distance <30 miles (−1.1 mm Hg [−7.3 to 5.2]); telemedicine, distance ≥30 miles (−0.80 mm Hg [−6.6 to 5.1]). Although telemedicine may help overcome geographic access barriers, additional studies are needed to identify patients most likely to benefit.