bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial isolates from infected wounds and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern: some remarks about wound infection
Authors: Bessa Lucinda J , Fazii Paolo , Di Giulio Mara , Cellini Luigina 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWound infection plays an important role in the development of chronicity, delaying wound healing. This study aimed to identify the bacterial pathogens present in infected wounds and characterise their resistance profile to the most common antibiotics used in therapy. Three hundred and twelve wound swab samples were collected from 213 patients and analysed for the identification of microorganisms and for the determination of their antibiotic susceptibility. Patients with diverse type of wounds were included in this retrospective study, carried out from March to September 2012. A total of 28 species were isolated from 217 infected wounds. The most common bacterial species detected was Staphylococcus aureus (37%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17%), Proteus mirabilis (10%), Escherichia coli (6%) and Corynebacterium spp. (5%). Polymicrobial infection was found in 59 (27·1%) of the samples and was mainly constituted with two species. The most common association was S. aureus/P. aeruginosa. All Gram‐positives were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. Gram‐negatives showed quite high resistance to the majority of antibiotics, being amikacin the most active against these bacteria. This study is mostly oriented to health care practitioners who deal with wound management, making them aware about the importance of wound infection and helping them to choose the adequate treatment options to control microbial infection in wounds.
State of the Science: Does the Theory of Maternal Role Attainment Apply to African American Motherhood?
Authors: Fouquier Katherine Ferrell 
Published: February 2013

IntroductionThis article reviews the current state of knowledge of the theory of maternal role attainment (MRA) and its relevance in describing African American motherhood. EBSCOhost Research Databases that included PubMed, CINAHL plus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and Web of Science were searched for journal articles that examined maternal identity and MRA. Keyword searches included maternal identity, maternal role attainment, becoming a mother, prenatal attachment, maternal‐fetal attachment, and maternal‐infant attachment. Inclusion criteria for this review were published journal articles of studies conducted in the United States, with a clear delineation of the theoretical framework of MRA. Journal articles that measured MRA among women with depression or medically fragile infants were excluded. Two hundred and twelve studies were reviewed; 25 studies, published between 1975 and 2007, met the inclusion criteria. Nine articles described the theory of MRA, 11 articles measured variables thought to influence MRA, and 6 articles described maternal‐fetal attachment, a construct of MRA.MethodsStudies were reviewed, categorized, and analyzed to determine current knowledge of how the theory of MRA describes African American motherhood. Categories included studies describing the theoretical framework of maternal identity and MRA, studies measuring key variables thought to impact MRA, and studies measuring maternal‐fetal attachment and maternal‐infant attachment.ResultsThe studies were limited by homogenous samples of upper‐middle‐class white women and low‐income, single, African American adolescents. Study results of MRA cannot be generalized to African American women.DiscussionFurther research is essential to identify attributes influencing MRA, specifically among larger samples of African American women with demographics similar to that of the white populations that have been included in studies thus far.
A LITERATURE REVIEW OF END‐STAGE RENAL DISEASE AND CACHEXIA: UNDERSTANDING EXPERIENCE TO INFORM EVIDENCE‐BASED HEALTHCARE
Authors: Reid Joanne , Noble Helen Rose , Porter Sam , Shields Joanne Sarah , Maxwell Alexander Peter 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYIntroductionCachexia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people who have end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). The majority of research into cachexia in ESRD has focused on the biological aspects of the syndrome and potential treatment modalities. While this research is necessary, it predominately focuses on the physical impact of cachexia in ESRD. The multi‐dimensional psychosocial ramifications of this syndrome have been highlighted in other end‐stage illness trajectories, but have not been systematically explored in persons who have ESRD.AimThis paper discusses why this research is necessary, alongside further studies to help define the pathophysiology of this syndrome.ConclusionThe rich insightful data gained from understanding the patients' illness experience will positively contribute to the limited knowledge base available and inform future holistic patient‐centred care delivery which recognises and responds to not only the biological but also the psychosocial impact of cachexia.
Annual Research Review: The experience of youth with political conflict – challenging notions of resilience and encouraging research refinement
Authors: Barber Brian K. 
Published: February 2013

Aims and methodDrawing on empirical studies and literature reviews, this paper aims to clarify and qualify the relevance of resilience to youth experiencing political conflict. It focuses on the discordance between expectations of widespread dysfunction among conflict‐affected youth and a body of empirical evidence that does not confirm these expectations.FindingsThe expectation for widespread dysfunction appears exaggerated, relying as it does on low correlations and on presumptions of universal response to adversity. Such a position ignores cultural differences in understanding and responding to adversity, and in the specific case of political conflict, it does not account for the critical role of ideologies and meaning systems that underlie the political conflict and shape a young people's interpretation of the conflict, and their exposure, participation, and processing of experiences. With respect to empirical evidence, the findings must be viewed as tentative given the primitive nature of research designs: namely, concentration on violence exposure as the primary risk factor, at the expense of recognizing war's impact on the broader ecology of youth's lives, including disruptions to key economic, social, and political resources; priority given to psychopathology in the assessment of youth functioning, rather than holistic assessments that would include social and institutional functioning and fit with cultural and normative expectations and transitions; and heavy reliance on cross‐sectional, rather than longitudinal, studies.ConclusionsResearchers and practitioners interested in employing resilience as a guiding construct will face such questions: Is resilience predicated on evidence of competent functioning across the breadth of risks associated with political conflict, across most or all domains of functioning, and/or across time? In reality, youth resilience amidst political conflict is likely a complex package of better and poorer functioning that varies over time and in direct relationship to social, economic, and political opportunities. Addressing this complexity will complicate the definition of resilience, but it confronts the ambiguities and limitations of work in cross‐cultural contexts.
A rapid diagnostic tool for two species of Tetradacus (Diptera: Tephritidae: Bactrocera) based on species‐specific PCR
Authors: Jiang F. , Li Z. H. , Wu J. J. , Wang F. X. , Xiong H. L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBactrocera minax and Bactrocera tsuneonis are two sibling species of the Bactrocera subgenus Tetradacus with significant quarantine importance in Asia. It is difficult to identify or distinguish them only based on morphological characteristics. In this study, microscopic observations showed that morphological features of adult samples were congruent with the diagnosis of the two species. In this study, we describe species‐specific PCR for the molecular identification of B. minax and B. tsuneonis. Species‐specific primer pairs were designed on the basis of variations in the mtDNA COI barcode sequences among Bactrocera spp.. A 499 bp‐specific fragment of B. minax and a 337 bp absolute product of B. tsuneonis were generated by their respective primer pairs, whilst no such diagnostic bands were present in any of the other fruit fly species tested. The results of the sensitivity test demonstrated that the detection limit of DNA template concentration was 1 ng/μl for B. minax and 0.1 ng/μl for B. tsuneonis. This assay exhibited high specificity, reliability, rapid and low cost for all ontogenetic stages. Our data show that species‐specific PCR is a powerful tool that can be used for the identification of B. minax and B. tsuneonis in quarantine work.
Decrease of GSK3β phosphorylation in the rat nucleus accumbens core enhances cocaine‐induced hyper‐locomotor activity
Authors: Kim Wha Y. , Jang Ju K. , Lee Jung W. , Jang Hyunduk , Kim Jeong‐Hoon 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGlycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), which is abundantly present in the brain, is known to contribute to psychomotor stimulant‐induced locomotor behaviors. However, most studies have been focused in showing that GSK3β is able to attenuate psychomotor stimulants‐induced hyperactivity by increasing its phosphorylation levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). So, here we examined in the opposite direction about the effects of decreased phosphorylation of GSK3β in the NAcc core on both basal and cocaine‐induced locomotor activity by a bilateral microinjection into this site of an artificially synthesized peptide, S9 (0.5 or 5.0 μg/μL), which contains sequences around N‐terminal serine 9 residue of GSK3β. We found that decreased levels of GSK3β phosphorylation in the NAcc core enhance cocaine‐induced hyper‐locomotor activity, while leaving basal locomotor activity unchanged. This is the first demonstration, to our knowledge, that the selective decrease of GSK3β phosphorylation levels in the NAcc core may contribute positively to cocaine‐induced locomotor activity, while this is not sufficient for the generation of locomotor behavior by itself without cocaine. Taken together, these findings importantly suggest that GSK3β may need other molecular targets which are co‐activated (or deactivated) by psychomotor stimulants like cocaine to contribute to generation of locomotor behaviors.
PRICE DYNAMICS IN GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Crockett Sean 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGeneral equilibrium (GE) theory faces several related challenges. Classical theories of out‐of‐equilibrium adjustment are intuitive but implausibly centralized. Further, standard restrictions on individual preferences place little structure on aggregate excess demand functions. Amongst other issues, this fact implies that economies can be unstable under classical dynamics, and thus instability appears to be an unavoidable feature of GE theory. This paper recounts laboratory studies of GE environments which reveal that classical theories of dynamics do, in fact, organize market activity surprisingly well. These experiments suggest that the Walrasian auctioneer, for example, appears to be a constructive abstraction, and that instability should be accommodated within theory rather than circumscribed. Laboratory applications of GE theory focused on issues beyond stability and dynamics are also briefly surveyed.
Occurrence of Phomopsis longicolla β Conidia in Naturally Infected Soybean
Authors: Vidić Miloš , Petrović Kristina , Đorđević Vuk , Riccioni Luca 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAlthough Phomopsis longicolla is primarily known as a seedborne pathogen, it can be isolated from all parts of the plant. The disease lesions observed on the basal parts of soybean stems were slightly sunken with irregular shapes and sizes, bordered by a thin black margin. Within the lesions themselves, large and diffusely distributed pycnidia with α and β conidia, typical of the genus Phomopsis, were observed. The percentages of the two types of conidia varied considerably, but β conidia were predominant in most of the pycnidia. The presence of these reproductive organs indicated that the symptoms could have been caused by Phomopsis sojae. However, after isolation on a nutritive medium, all cultural and morphological characteristics clearly indicated that the isolated fungus was P. longicolla, whose identification was subsequently confirmed by sequencing three genomic regions. Monosporic isolates, with different ratios of α and β conidia, exhibited a high level of pathogenicity on soybean, after artificial inoculation. Both types of conidia were observed on the stems of the inoculated soybean plants. Beta conidia also formed quickly on medium made of soybean seeds and mature stems after exposure to low temperatures (−10°C). This study suggests that P. longicolla is capable of a massive production of β conidia, not only in old fungal cultures as it had until now been believed, but also in infected soybean plants in the field.
Parent‐offspring conflict in Japan and parental influence across six cultures
Authors: Dubbs Shelli L. , Buunk Abraham P. , Taniguchi Hirokazu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated that parents and children often have conflicting mate preferences. The present research was conducted among 443 Japanese university students. Using an existing scale designed to uncover parent‐offspring conflict over mate choice, the results revealed that children perceived having a potential partner with traits connoting poor genetic quality as being more unacceptable to themselves, and having a potential partner with traits connoting low parental investment and cooperation with the ingroup as being more unacceptable to their parent. A number of sex differences emerged. The highest potential for parent‐offspring conflict existed between female offspring and their father, and female offspring also rated traits connoting low social status as being more unacceptable to their parents, particularly to the father.
Neuropsychological functioning in children with ADHD: Symptom persistence is linked to poorer performance on measures of executive and nonexecutive function
Authors: Robinson Thomas , Tripp Gail 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe present study compared the current intellectual and neuropsychological functioning of 55 children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD group) 4 years earlier with that of an age‐ and sex‐matched control sample. The children in the ADHD group performed less well than the control group on measures of intellectual function, design fluency, spatial organization, and visual memory. Those children who continued to meet DSM‐IV criteria for ADHD (persistent ADHD, n = 32) evidenced greater impairment than those showing some symptom remission (ADHD in partial remission, n = 23). These data confirm the presence of neuropsychological deficits in late childhood/early adolescence among those previously diagnosed with ADHD. The data also suggest that greater cognitive impairment is a feature of persistent ADHD.
Asteroid lightcurve phase shift from rough‐surface shadowing
Authors: Wilkman Olli , Muinonen Karri 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe have simulated asteroid lightcurves for simple shape models using a realistic surface scattering law. The scattering law includes a shadowing function computed with numerical ray‐tracing. We computed lightcurves in a variety of illumination geometries for both the traditional Lommel–Seeliger law and our seminumerical law. We observe a shift in the rotational phase of the lightcurves, which depends on the parameters of the scattering law as well as the illumination geometry and the direction of the spin axis of the asteroid. This phase shift is always zero at opposition, and can be as large as 10° for illumination geometries typical for Main Belt asteroids. The phase shift has implications on the accuracy of other results which are based on asteroid lightcurve analysis, such as spin‐state or shape determination.
The Ksar Ghilane 002 shergottite—The 100th registered Martian meteorite fragment
Authors: Llorca Jordi , Roszjar Julia , Cartwright Julia A. , Bischoff Addi , Ott Ulrich , Pack Andreas , Merchel Silke , Rugel Georg , Fimiani Leticia , Ludwig Peter , Casado José V. , Allepuz David 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe report on the discovery of a new shergottite from Tunisia, Ksar Ghilane (KG) 002. This single stone, weighing 538 g, is a coarse‐grained basaltic shergottite, mainly composed of maskelynitized plagioclase (approximately 52 vol%) and pyroxene (approximately 37 vol%). It also contains Fe‐rich olivine (approximately 4.5 vol%), large Ca‐phosphates, including both merrillites and Cl‐apatites (approximately 3.4 vol%), minor amounts of silica or SiO2‐normative K‐rich glass, pyrrhotite, Ti‐magnetite, ilmenite, and accessory baddeleyite. The largest crystals of pyroxene and plagioclase reach sizes of approximately 4 to 5 mm. Pyroxenes (Fs26–96En5–50Wo2–41). They typically range from cores of about Fs29En41Wo30 to rims of about Fs68En14Wo17. Maskelynite is Ab41–49An39–58Or1–7 in composition, but some can be as anorthitic as An93. Olivine (Fa91–96) occurs mainly within symplectitic intergrowths, in paragenesis with ilmenite, or at neighboring areas of symplectites. KG 002 is heavily shocked (S5) as indicated by mosaic extinction of pyroxenes, maskelynitized plagioclase, the occurrence of localized shock melt glass pockets, and low radiogenic He concentration. Oxygen isotopes confirm that it is a normal member of the SNC suite. KG 002 is slightly depleted in LREE and shows a positive Eu anomaly, providing evidence for complex magma genesis and mantle processes on Mars. Noble gases with a composition thought to be characteristic for Martian interior is a dominant component. Measurements of 10Be, 26Al, and 53Mn and comparison with Monte Carlo calculations of production rates indicate that KG 002 has been exposed to cosmic rays most likely as a single meteoroid body of 35–65 cm radius. KG 002 strongly resembles Los Angeles and NWA 2800 basaltic shergottites in element composition, petrography, and mineral chemistry, suggesting a possible launch‐pairing. The similar CRE ages of KG 002 and Los Angeles may suggest an ejection event at approximately 3.0 Ma.
Reclassification of Villalbeto de la Peña—Occurrence of a winonaite‐related fragment in a hydrothermally metamorphosed polymict L‐chondritic breccia
Authors: Bischoff Addi , Dyl Kathryn A. , Horstmann Marian , Ziegler Karen , Wimmer Karl , Young Edward D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Villalbeto de la Peña meteorite that fell in 2004 in Spain was originally classified as a moderately shocked L6 ordinary chondrite. The recognition of fragments within the Villalbeto de la Peña meteorite clearly bears consequences for the previous classification of the rock. The oxygen isotope data clearly show that an exotic eye‐catching, black, and plagioclase‐(maskelynite)‐rich clast is not of L chondrite heritage. Villalbeto de la Peña is, consequently, reclassified as a polymict chondritic breccia. The oxygen isotope data of the clast are more closely related to data for the winonaite Tierra Blanca and the anomalous silicate‐bearing iron meteorite LEW 86211 than to the ordinary chondrite groups. The REE‐pattern of the bulk inclusion indicates genetic similarities to those of differentiated rocks and their minerals (e.g., lunar anorthosites, eucritic, and winonaitic plagioclases) and points to an igneous origin. The An‐content of the plagioclase within the inclusion is increasing from the fragment/host meteorite boundary (approximately An10) toward the interior of the clast (approximately An52). This is accompanied by a successive compositionally controlled transformation of plagioclase into maskelynite by shock. As found for plagioclase, compositions of individual spinels enclosed in plagioclase (maskelynite) also vary from the border toward the interior of the inclusion. In addition, huge variations in oxygen isotope composition were found correlating with distance into the object. The chemical and isotopical profiles observed in the fragment indicate postaccretionary metamorphism under the presence of a volatile phase.
Mathematics Teacher Educators' Perceptions and Use of Cognitive Research
Authors: Laski Elida V. , Reeves Todd D. , Ganley Colleen M. , Mitchell Rebecca 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTInstructors (N = 204) of elementary mathematics methods courses completed a survey assessing the extent to which they value cognitive research and incorporate it into their courses. Instructors' responses indicated that they view cognitive research to be fairly important for mathematics education, particularly studies of domain‐specific topics, and that they emphasize topics prominent in psychology studies of mathematical thinking in their courses. However, instructors reported seldom accessing this research through primary or secondary sources. A mediation analysis indicated that mathematics methods instructors' perception of the importance of the research predicts their incorporation of it in their courses, and that this relation is partially mediated by their accessing of it. Implications for psychologists who have an interest in education and recommendations for facilitating the use of cognitive research in teacher preparation are discussed.
Phosphate handling by end‐stage kidneys and benefits of residual renal function on phosphate removal in patients on haemodialysis
Authors: Iwasawa Hideaki , Nakao Toshiyuki , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Okada Tomonari , Nagaoka Yume , Wada Toshikazu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimWe investigated the handling of phosphate by end‐stage kidneys and the contribution of residual renal function (RRF) to phosphate homeostasis in haemodialysis patients.MethodsBlood and 24 h urinary specimens were obtained from 79 consecutive chronic haemodialysis patients with a urinary output greater than 100 mL/day. Thirty‐five patients with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 3.0 mL/min were included as group A, and 44 patients with GFR < 3.0 mL/min as group B. Additionally, the whole dialysed fluids during a session of haemodialysis were collected from another nine patients. Concentrations of phosphate, creatinine, urea nitrogen, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF‐23) were measured.ResultsTwenty‐four hour urinary phosphate excretion (UPE) was 283 ± 115 and 139 ± 57 mg/day (9.1 ± 3.5 and 4.5 ± 1.8 mmol/day) in groups A and B, respectively. Tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP) was 39.2 ± 13.3 and 31.7 ± 13.6% in groups A and B, respectively (P = 0.02). UPE significantly correlated with GFR (r = 0.85, P < 0.001) and PTH (r = 0.44, P < 0.001), but not with FGF‐23, in the entire patient population. The correlation between UPE and intact PTH levels was absent in group B. Weekly UPE in group A was significantly greater (P < 0.001), while that in group B was similar to the amount of phosphate removed by a haemodialysis session.ConclusionsUrinary phosphate excretion by end‐stage kidneys depends more on GFR than diminishing TRP. The action of PTH on the kidneys remains until GFR decreases to as low as 3 mL/min. Residual renal function plays a significant role in phosphate elimination, and it is possible that FGF‐23 no longer acts effectively to excrete phosphate in the urine in these patients.