bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling generalization and specialization with Extended Conceptual Graphs
Authors: Baksa-Varga Erika , Kovács László 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The final goal of our research is to show that the performance of statistical rule induction can be improved by augmenting training data with semantic information. In order to prove this hypothesis, a statistical grammar induction system is to be created the knowledge base of which is represented by Extended Conceptual Graphs (ECGs). Since generalization and specialization are the basic operations of induction, they are of great significance in machine learning. As a consequence, the paper aims at investigating the least common generalization and the greatest common specialization of two ECG graphs. These operations should be traced back to the examination of ECG graph element instances. For this reason, a domain-specific ECG element instance type lattice (T′,≺) has been generated for the given test environment. Our final conclusion is that the least common generalization and the greatest common specialization of two ECG graphs always exist and can be computed. Therefore, the definition of the ≺ relation on element instances can be extended to a partial relation ⪯ on ECG diagram graphs, according to which F
1 ⪯ F
2 if graph Γ
1 is more specialized than Γ
2.
Cognitive traveling in digital space: from keyword search through exploratory information seeking
Authors: Navrat Pavol 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This paper surveys principal concepts involved in various approaches to web search. There are many attempts to improve key word search. There is the concept of exploratory search, which represents a shift towards more complex view of the interested fellow’s role, widening her options. We propose a more radical shift towards viewing information seeking as cognitive traveling in the digital information space involving both web and digital libraries.
Process models using hardware in simulation loop
Authors: Alexík Mikuláš 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This paper describes two methods for realization of configurable time continuous linear and non-linear dynamical models. The first method is based on classical PC plus A/D and D/A converters and the second one is based on a microcontroller (Atmel ARM7). Both methods can be used for verification of algorithms for control and identification of processes, modeling of transport processes dynamics using simulation experiments, if simulations run in real time. The application of a microcontroller allows a simple realization of changing parameters and also non-linearity of the process. In the paper we also pay attention to the realization of real time in a programmable environment under Microsoft Windows and the realization of precise calculations in floating point on microcontrollers.
New approach to remote laboratory in regard to topology change and self-repair feature
Authors: Kleinová Katarína , Feciľak Peter 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Remote laboratories deal with performing real lab experiments remotely via the Internet. Recent advances in the Internet/web technologies and computer-controlled instrumentation allow net-based techniques to be used for setting up remote real laboratory access. This paper deals with the solutions for remote laboratory providing services for the operation of remote laboratory. The paper addresses problems related to the requirement of flexible, secure and easy remote access to laboratory equipment as well as the need for hardware and/or software re-configuration. This paper presents a unique concept for logical topology change with the usage of Q-in-Q tunneling and automated self-repair feature after failure.
Satisfiability in composition-nominative logics
Authors: Nikitchenko Mykola , Tymofieiev Valentyn 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Composition-nominative logics are algebra-based logics of partial predicates constructed in a semantic-syntactic style on the methodological basis, which is common with programming. They can be considered as generalizations of traditional logics on classes of partial predicates that do not have fixed arity. In this paper we present and investigate algorithms for solving the satisfiability problem in various classes of composition-nominative logics. We consider the satisfiability problem for logics of the propositional, renominative, and quantifier levels and prove the reduction of the problem to the satisfiability problem for classical logics. The method developed in the paper enables us to leverage existent state-of-the-art satisfiability checking procedures for solving the satisfiability problem in composition-nominative logics, which could be crucial for handling industrial instances coming from domains such as program analysis and verification. The reduction proposed in the paper requires extension of logic language and logic models with an infinite number of unessential variables and with a predicate of equality to a constant.
Participants' Perspectives on the Feasibility of a Novel, Intensive, Task-Specific Intervention for Individuals With Chronic Stroke: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Merlo Angela R. , Goodman Ashley , McClenaghan Bruce A. , Fritz Stacy L. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundEvidence-based practice promotes patient-centered care, yet the majority of rehabilitative research fails to take patient perspectives into consideration. Qualitative research provides a unique opportunity for patients to express opinions and provide valuable insight on intervention processes.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of a novel, intensive, task-specific intervention from the patient's perspective.DesignA phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry was used.MethodsEight individuals with chronic stroke participated in an intensive intervention, 3 hours per day for 10 consecutive days. Participants were interviewed twice regarding their impressions of the therapy, and a focus group was conducted with participants and family members. Data analysis included an analytical thematic approach.ResultsFive major themes arose related to the feasibility of the intervention: (1) a manageable amount of fatigue; (2) a difficult, yet doable, level of intensity; (3) a disappointingly short therapy duration; (4) enjoyment of the intervention; and (5) muscle soreness.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that participants perceived this novel and intensive, task-specific intervention as a feasible therapeutic option for individuals with chronic stroke. Despite the fatigue and muscle soreness associated with intensive rehabilitation, participants frequently reported enjoying the therapy and stated disappointment with the short duration (10 days). Future research should include a feasibility trial of longer duration, as well as a qualitative analysis of the benefits associated with the intervention.
Many Randomized Trials of Physical Therapy Interventions Are Not Adequately Registered: A Survey of 200 Published Trials
Authors: Pinto Rafael Zambelli , Elkins Mark R. , Moseley Anne M. , Sherrington Catherine , Herbert Robert D. , Maher Christopher G. , Ferreira Paulo H. , Ferreira Manuela L. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundClinical trial registration has several putative benefits: prevention of selective reporting, avoidance of duplication, encouragement of participation, and facilitation of reviews. Previous surveys suggest that most trials are registered. However, these surveys examined only trials in journals with high impact factors, which may bias the results.PurposeThis study examined the completeness of clinical trial registration and the extent of selective reporting of outcomes in a random sample of published randomized trials in physical therapy.Data SourcesThis was a retrospective cohort study in which 200 randomized trials of physical therapy interventions were randomly selected from those published in 2009 and indexed in the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), regardless of the publishing journal.Data ExtractionEvidence of registration was sought for each trial in the study, on clinical trial registers, and by contacting authors.Data SynthesisThe proportion of randomized trials that were registered was 67/200 (34%). This proportion was significantly lower than among the trials in journals with high impact factors, where the proportion was 75% (odds ratio=7.4, 95% confidence interval=2.6–21.4). Unambiguous primary outcomes (ie, method and time points of measurement clearly defined in the trial registry entry) were registered for 32 trials, and registration was adequate (ie, prospective with unambiguous primary outcomes) for 5/200 (2.5%) trials. Selective outcome reporting occurred in 23 (47%) of the 49 trials in which selective reporting was assessable.LimitationsThe inclusion of only English-language trials prevents generalization of the results to non–English-language trials.ConclusionsRegistration of randomized trials of physical therapy interventions is rarely adequate. Consequently, the putative benefits of registration are not being fully realized.
Religious Coping in Schizophrenia Patients: Spiritual Support in Medical Care and Pastoral Counselling
Authors: Brandt Pierre-Yves , Mohr Sylvia , Gillièron Christiane , Rieben Isabelle , Huguelet Philippe 
Published: November 2012

Abstract: Following an introduction focusing on the role of religion in the treatment of psychosis, the first part of this paper describes an initial study in which the role of spirituality and religiosity was assessed in 115 patients with schizophrenia in Geneva (Switzerland) and 126 in Trois-Rivières (Quebec). These themes have been shown to be highly prevalent for these patients, though their clinicians are often unaware of this prevalence. The following part of the paper presents a second study where religious supervision was offered to clinicians in Geneva. Comparison between forty patients who received spiritual assessment and opportunities to work on religious topics with their clinicians was made with thirty patients without religious intervention. In the supervisory sessions, six different types of religious interventions were suggested. Outcomes at three months show that patients of the intervention group maintain their interest for help in religious matters while clinicians' interest in integrating religious topics in discussions with their patients has decreased. The third and main part of the paper is devoted to an analysis of the suggested interventions from the viewpoint of the study of religions. Five aspects of religion are distinguished, and explanations of the reasons some of them are easier to manage for clinicians are proposed. The paper concludes with proposals for the education of clinicians to help them to differentiate different kinds of religious coping and to recognize when it could be helpful to refer the patient to a pastoral counsellor.
Two Theological Movements in India That Complicate Western Reformed Identities
Authors: Schweitzer Don 
Published: November 2012

Abstract: This essay examines how Indian Christian theology and Dalit theology, products of the contextualization of Christianity in India, complicate Western Reformed Christian identities. The former has introduced elements of Hinduism into Christian thought there. This raises questions about what is Christian and what Western in some Western Reformed theologies. This conversation is further complicated by Dalit theology, which critiques Indian Christian theologies for overlooking caste oppression. This paper invokes the reign of God and the preferential option for the poor as principles that can guide Western Reformed theologies in responding to the challenges raised by these two theological movements in India.
Muslim Studies in a Christian Theological School: The Muslim Studies Program at Emmanuel College in Toronto
Authors: Toulouse Mark G. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract: This essay examines the development of a Muslim Studies program within Emmanuel College, a Canadian Christian theological school. The program has grown from a desire within the college to explore meaningfully the diversity associated with its social location in downtown Toronto and to participate responsibly in the important work of inter-religious dialogue. The story of the program's development is placed within an analysis of at least three areas offering challenges to the effort. Faculty members face significant obstacles in reshaping a curriculum within theological education that can address contemporary contexts of both Church and culture in a manner that includes intentional engagement with religious diversity. Within Christian history, a wide variety of methodological approaches have been developed to understand the nature of religious diversity in relation to Christianity. Each offers its own challenges to attempts to shape responsible encounters between Christianity and other world religions. Finally, the rich diversity within Islam existing within the social context of Toronto creates interesting challenges for a program in Muslim Studies intending to take expressions of religious faith seriously. The essay also examines wide-ranging rationales for why a Christian theological school would attempt to face these challenges in order to begin a program designed to provide educational opportunities for Muslims. In the final pages, the three major components of the program are described.
A Spectrum of Ideas about Kierkegaard and the Overcoming of Violence
Authors: Goicoechea David 
Published: November 2012

Abstract: The three papers that follow are based on drafts prepared for the conference theme “Kierkegaard and the Overcoming of Violence” at Brock University, September 2011. Selected from fifteen, each is a spectrum of ideas on the theme, and together they reflect the range of intellectual concerns that are raised in discussions outside technical seminars and meetings of learned societies. They related to one or more of four categories: philosophy, religion, theology, and anthropology. Don Johnstone, Sacrificing Isaac: A Conclusion Different from Kierkegaard's, Don Johnstone is a longstanding member of the Brock University Philosophy Society, St. Catharines, Ontario. Marko Zlomislić, Crossing out the Crucifix, Marko Zlomislić is professor of Philosophy, Conestoga College, Kitchener, Canada. John R. Mayer, Repetition and Overcoming Violence with the Compassion of Nothingness, John R. Mayer is professor emeritus of philosophy at Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.
Risible Christianity? Kierkegaard versus Žižek
Authors: Stan Leo 
Published: November 2012

Abstract: This article brings to light the idiosyncratic presuppositions and demythologizing aims of Slavoj Žižek's deconstruction of Christianity. My goal is to discuss critically this secularist reinterpretation of theology by taking a close look at the questionable hermeneutic strategies and even plain distortions of Žižek's (favourable) treatment of Kierkegaard. Particular attention will be paid to the doctrinal-salvific foundations of Kierkegaard's authorship, which are almost completely ignored by the Slovenian philosopher. From a theological standpoint, by delineating the oddities and limitations of Žižek's approach, the article hopes to contribute to a competent discussion of the most recent resurgence of atheism.
Irony as the Birth of Kierkegaard's “Single Individual” and the Beginning of Politics
Authors: Williams George Willis 
Published: November 2012

Abstract: This paper examines the idea presented in Søren Kierkegaard's The Concept of Irony (1841) and Concluding Unscientific Postscript (1846) that irony, far more than a rhetorical device, is an existential category that gives birth to the subjectively existing single individual. As such, irony is no diversion from or necessary undercutting of one's ethical growth but is a required step in fostering it. Although Kierkegaard preferred to focus on the individual, irony nevertheless plays an essential role in issues of social justice and politics, since the self must be distinguished from its social environment if there is to be any hope for one's being useful in changing it for the better, and irony is the means by which the distinguishing of the self occurs. For example, since Kierkegaard believes that politics is at best only provisional and approximate, irony has an important role in chastening overweening political forces, which are often accompanied by human rights abuses. Irony secures room for individuals who have an inner infinity that can never be utterly conformed to the strictures of finite politics. Thus, as Kierkegaard presents it, irony's birth of the single individual is shown to be politically significant.
Genetic analyses of nickel tolerance in a North American serpentine endemic plant, Caulanthus amplexicaulis var. barbarae (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Burrell A. Millie , Hawkins Angela K. , Pepper Alan E. 
Published: November 2012

• Premise of the study: The evolution of metal tolerance in plants is an important model for studies of adaptation to environment, population genetics, and speciation. Here, we investigated nickel tolerance in the North American serpentine endemic Caulanthus amplexicaulis var. barbarae in comparison with its nonserpentine sister taxon C. amplexicaulis var. amplexicaulis. We hypothesized that the serpentine endemic would have a heritable growth advantage on nickel‐containing substrates.• Methods: We employed an artificial growth assay to quantify biomass accumulation. Study plants were crossed to create an F2:3 population that was used to determine the heritability of nickel tolerance and to map quantitative trait loci (QTL). Nickel accumulation in both laboratory populations and native specimens was examined using energy‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF).• Key results: The serpentine endemic had a dramatic growth advantage at concentrations of nickel >30 µmol/L. Caulanthus amplexicaulis var. barbarae and its nonserpentine sister taxon both accumulated nickel to substantial levels. Nickel tolerance was highly heritable (h2 = 0.59) and not associated with accumulation. The QTL analyses identified two major loci for nickel tolerance, on linkage group 2 (LG2) and linkage group 9 (LG9).• Conclusions: In our study, nickel tolerance was determined by two major loci with large effects. At both loci, alleles from the serpentine parent conferred positive effects on nickel tolerance, suggesting that they are adaptive in the natural serpentine environment. The mechanism of nickel tolerance in the serpentine plant was not exclusion of nickel. Nickel tolerance may have an inducible component in C. amplexicaulis var. barbarae.
Mechanism of Action of Inhibition of Allergic Immune Responses by a Novel Antedrug TLR7 Agonist
Authors: Matsui Hiroyuki , Tomizawa Hideyuki , Eiho Kazuo , Kashiwazaki Yasuo , Edwards Susan , Biffen Mark , Bell John P. , Bahl Ashwani , Leishman Andrew J. , Murray Clare M. , Takaku Haruo , Ueda Yutaka 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Triggering innate immune responses through TLRs is expected to be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of allergic diseases. TLR agonists are able to modulate Th2 immune responses through undefined mechanisms. We investigated the mechanism of action of the suppression of Th2 immune responses with a novel antedrug TLR7 agonist. The antedrug is rapidly metabolized by plasma esterases to an acid with reduced activity to limit systemic responses. Topical administration of this compound inhibited features of the allergic airway inflammatory response in rat and murine allergic airways model. Type I IFN played a role in the suppression of Th2 cytokines produced from murine splenocytes. Inhibition of Th2 immune responses with the antedrug TLR7 agonist was shown to be via a type I IFN–dependent mechanism following short-term exposure to the compound, although there might be type I IFN–independent mechanisms following long-term exposure. We have demonstrated that local type I IFN signaling and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, but not Th1 immune responses, are required for in vivo efficacy against murine airway Th2-driven eosinophilia. Furthermore, migration of dendritic cell subsets into the lung was related to efficacy and is dependent on type I IFN signaling. Thus, the mechanism of action at the cytokine and cellular level involved in the suppression of Th2 allergic responses has been characterized, providing a potential new approach to the treatment of allergic disease.
IFN-γ Limits Th9-Mediated Autoimmune Inflammation through Dendritic Cell Modulation of IL-27
Authors: Murugaiyan Gopal , Beynon Vanessa , Pires Da Cunha Andre , Joller Nicole , Weiner Howard L. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
IL-9–producing Th9 cells have been associated with autoimmune diseases, such as experimental autoimmune encephalitis. However, the factors that negatively regulate Th9 cells during autoimmune inflammation are unclear. In this article, we show that IFN-γ inhibits Th9 differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. This suppressive activity was dependent on the transcription factor STAT-1. In addition to its direct inhibitory effect on Th9 differentiation, IFN-γ suppressed Th9 cells through the induction of IL-27 from dendritic cells. In vitro, treatment of naive CD4+ T cells with IL-27 suppressed the development of Th9 cells, which was partially dependent on the transcription factors STAT-1 and T-bet. Moreover, IL-27 treatment completely abrogated the encephalitogenicity of Th9 cells in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. Thus, our results identify a previously unknown mechanism by which IFN-γ limits Th9-mediated autoimmune inflammation through dendritic cell modulation of IL-27.
Integrins αvβ3 and α4β1 Act as Coreceptors for Fractalkine, and the Integrin-Binding Defective Mutant of Fractalkine Is an Antagonist of CX3CR1
Authors: Fujita Masaaki , Takada Yoko K. , Takada Yoshikazu 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The membrane-bound chemokine fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1) on endothelial cells plays a role in leukocyte trafficking. The chemokine domain (FKN-CD) is sufficient for inducing FKN signaling (e.g., integrin activation), and FKN-CD binds to its receptor CX3CR1 on leukocytes. Whereas previous studies suggest that FKN-CD does not directly bind to integrins, our docking simulation studies predicted that FKN-CD directly interacts with integrin αvβ3. Consistent with this prediction, we demonstrated that FKN-CD directly bound to αvβ3 and α4β1 at a very high affinity (KD of 3.0 × 10−10 M to αvβ3 in 1 mM Mn2+). Also, membrane-bound FKN bound to integrins αvβ3 and α4β1, suggesting that the FKN-CD/integrin interaction is biologically relevant. The binding site for FKN-CD in αvβ3 was similar to those for other known αvβ3 ligands. Wild-type FKN-CD induced coprecipitation of integrins and CX3CR1 in U937 cells, suggesting that FKN-CD induces ternary complex formation (CX3CR1, FKN-CD, and integrin). Based on the docking model, we generated an integrin-binding defective FKN-CD mutant (the K36E/R37E mutant). K36E/R37E was defective in ternary complex formation and integrin activation, whereas K36E/R37E still bound to CX3CR1. These results suggest that FKN-CD binding to CX3CR1 is not sufficient for FKN signaling, and that FKN-CD binding to integrins as coreceptors and the resulting ternary complex formation are required for FKN signaling. Notably, excess K36E/R37E suppressed integrin activation induced by wild-type FKN-CD and effectively suppressed leukocyte infiltration in thioglycollate-induced peritonitis. These findings suggest that K36E/R37E acts as a dominant-negative CX3CR1 antagonist and that FKN-CD/integrin interaction is a novel therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases.