bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailoring Cellulose Surfaces by Controlled Polymerization Methods
Authors: Carlmark Anna 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCellulose, with its excellent mechanical properties and low weight, would be highly advantageous to employ in bioplastics and biocomposites applications. However, to expand the utilization of cellulose beyond its traditional uses, a modification of the fiber surface is often a prerequisite. One approach is to graft polymer chains on the surface in order to compatibilize the fibers with a non‐polar polymer matrix or to introduce functionalities. By exploiting controlled polymerization methods such as ATRP, RAFT, ROP, and ROMP, the surface of the fibers can be carefully tailored. Herein, an overview on controlled, heterogeneous grafting of cellulose fibers and fibrils employing both “grafting from” and “grafting to” methodologies is provided, focusing on the latest findingsmagnified image.
Compressed sensing CPMG with group‐sparse reconstruction for myelin water imaging
Authors: Chen Henry S. , Majumdar Angshul , Kozlowski Piotr 
Published: June 2013

PurposeMyelin content is a marker for nervous system pathology and is quantifiable by myelin water imaging using multi‐echo CPMG sequence, which is inherently slow. One way to accelerate the scan is to utilize compressed sensing. However, reconstructing the images piecemeal by standard compressed sensing methods is not the optimal solution, because it only exploits intraimage spatial redundancy. It does not recognize that the different T2 weighted images are scans of the same anatomical volume and hence correlated. The purpose of this work is to test the feasibility of compressed sensed CPMG with group‐sparsity promoting optimization for myelin water imaging.MethodsGroup‐sparse reconstruction was performed at various simulated and actual undersampling factors for an electronic phantom, ex vivo rat spinal cord, and in vivo rat spinal cord. Normalized mean square error was used as the metric for comparison.ResultsFor both simulated undersampling and the actual undersampling, the method was found to minimally impact myelin water fraction map quality (normalized mean square error < 0.25) when acceleration factor was below two.ConclusionCompressed sensed CPMG with group‐sparse reconstruction is useful for achieving a shorter scan time than traditionally possible. Magn Reson Med 71:1166–1171, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Local specific absorption rate (SAR), global SAR, transmitter power, and excitation accuracy trade‐offs in low flip‐angle parallel transmit pulse design
Authors: Guérin Bastien , Gebhardt Matthias , Cauley Steven , Adalsteinsson Elfar , Wald Lawrence L. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeWe propose a constrained optimization approach for designing parallel transmit (pTx) pulses satisfying all regulatory and hardware limits. We study the trade‐offs between excitation accuracy, local and global specific absorption rate (SAR), and maximum and average power for small flip‐angle pTx (eight channels) spokes pulses in the torso at 3 T and in the head at 7 T.MethodsWe compare the trade‐offs between the above‐mentioned quantities using the L‐curve method. We use a primal‐dual algorithm and a compressed set of local SAR matrices to design radio‐frequency (RF)
pulses satisfying all regulatory (including local SAR) and hardware constraints.ResultsLocal SAR can be substantially reduced (factor of 2 or more) by explicitly constraining it in the pulse design process compared to constraining global SAR or pulse power alone. This often comes at the price of increased pulse power.ConclusionSimultaneous control of power and SAR is needed for the design of pTx pulses that are safe and can be played on the scanner. Constraining a single quantity can create large increase in the others, which can then rise above safety or hardware limits. Simultaneous constraint of local SAR and power is fast enough to be applicable in a clinical setting. Magn Reson Med 71:1446–1457, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Political radio and television advertisements in a young democracy: the 2009 South African national election campaign
Authors: Fourie Lynnette 
Published: June 2013

It is argued that political parties in a developing democracy should contribute to sustaining democracy through their informational and motivational functions during election campaigns. Rather than debating the merit of issue messages, it is argued that cognitive and emotional campaign messages should be integrated, in order to not only attract voters' attention but also to inform the voter, to foster democratic values, to stimulate debate and to motivate voters to vote.It was found that in the 2009 South African general election, South African political parties did not effectively integrate emotional and cognitive messages, but references to democratic values were integrated with the emotional messages. Few of the parties encouraged voters to participate in the election for the sake of sustaining the democracy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: Parker Caroline 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn the first of a new series of updated articles on the major psychiatric drug groups, produced in association with the College of Mental Health Pharmacy (www.cmhp.org.uk), Caroline Parker summarises the use of antipsychotics through a review of the clinical literature. Pharmacology, interactions and side‐effects as well as drug choice and information to give to patients are discussed.
Fast and effective copper(0)‐mediated simultaneous chain‐ and step‐growth radical polymerization at ambient temperature
Authors: Zhang Xiaomin , Dou Heqin , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhang Wei , Zhu Xiulin , Zhu Jian 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTVinyl‐conjugated monomer (methyl acrylate, MA) and allyl 2‐bromopropanoate (ABP)‐possessing unconjugated CC and active CBr bonds were polymerized via the Cu(0)‐mediated simultaneous chain‐ and step‐growth radical polymerization at ambient temperature using Cu(0) as catalyst, N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as ligand and dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent. The conversion was reached higher than 98% within 20 h. The obtained polymers showed block structure consisting of polyester and vinyl polymer moieties. The Cu(0)‐catalyzed simultaneous chain‐ and step‐growth radical polymerization mechanism was demonstrated by NMR, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight, and GPC analyses. Furthermore, the obtained copolymers of MA and ABP were further modified with poly(N‐isopropylamide) through radical thiol‐ene “click” chemistry from the terminal double bond. The thermoresponsive behavior of this block copolymer was investigated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3907–3916
Retracted: Climate Change and Internal Migration in India: Response of the State, Market, and the Civil Society
Authors: Jha Anil Kumar 
Published: June 2013

AbstractClimate change has become a major concern for the international community. Among its consequences, its impact on migration is the object of increasing attention from both policymakers and researchers. Yet knowledge in this field remains limited and fragmented. This article, therefore, provides an overview of the climate change–migration nexus in India. It investigates the key issues at stake, including the social and political context in which the topic emerged. It further investigates the responses of the state, market and the civil society. Two major interconnected arguments arise. The first regards the weight of environmental and climatic factors in migration and their relationship to other push or pull factors, whether of social, political, or economic nature. The second is about the political framework in which such migration flows should take place and the manner in which to treat the people who move in connection with environmental factors. The two issues are deeply intertwined, as the extent to which the environment determines migration is intimately connected to the status to be associated with the people concerned. The ISMW Act is an obsolete piece of legislation by the Government of India in this regard. Some of the work that civil society is doing—for instance, the move to issue migrants an ID, provide them with skills training, offer legal protection, and financial services—is highly scaleable. They are not unique to a specific geography; they are fairly universal solutions that can be taken to any geography and any group of migrants across the country. Of course, civil society is limited by its resources, its networks, and its ability to deliver. Therefore, it can partner well with governments to deliver these services.
Elites and Poverty in the Neoliberal Era: The Case of Mexico
Authors: Medrano Anahely 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMexico is an upper‐middle‐income country, an OECD member, and the homeland of the richest man on earth, yet most Mexicans are poor. This article explores how Mexican elites perceive poverty and the poor, and how such perceptions are linked to particular policy preferences. Findings suggest that when Mexican elites talk about poverty, some things often remain unsaid. Mainstream perceptions of poverty were chiefly silent about power and inequality. In other words, depoliticized views of poverty seem to be prevailing among Mexican elites. This qualitative analysis contributes to understanding the specific nature of policies implemented to tackle this social problem in Mexico.
Dedication of This Issue to the Late U.S. Senator, Ambassador, Democratic Candidate for President of the United States, and Tireless Worker for Peace and Against War and Poverty, The Hon. George S. McGovern
Authors: Skidmore Max J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn 1972, George McGovern challenged Richard M. Nixon for the presidency of the United States, and it went down as one of the greatest defeats in American presidential history. Years later, in response to a question whether he was embarrassed to have lost so badly, he said that everything had to be put into perspective. Many times, he said, he had met people who remarked, “I voted for Nixon. But if I had known then what I know now, I would have voted for you.” I doubt, he remarked, that Nixon ever met anyone who said, “I voted for McGovern, but if I had known then what I know now, I would have voted for you.”George McGovern died on October 21, 2012, at the age of 90. Somewhat more than two years previously, on April 7, 2010, the Norwegian Nobel Institute acknowledged receipt of a nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize for Senator McGovern that Professor Robert P. Watson of Lynn University and I prepared. United States Representative Dennis Moore, then representing the Third Congressional District of Kansas, strongly endorsed, and submitted, the nomination.Unfortunately, the timing was not good, because an American, President Barack Obama, had received the prize the previous year; the prize has only rarely been awarded to recipients of the same country in two consecutive years. In his honor, we believe it appropriate to reproduce here our nomination of Senator McGovern, and the tribute that it includes.
Protein–protein alternative binding modes do not overlap
Authors: Kundrotas Petras J. , Vakser Ilya A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractProteins often bind other proteins in more than one way. Thus alternative binding modes is an essential feature of protein interactions. Such binding modes may be detected by X‐ray crystallography and thus reflected in Protein Data Bank. The alternative binding is often observed not for the protein itself but for its structural homolog. The results of this study based on the analysis of a comprehensive set of co‐crystallized protein–protein complexes show that the alternative binding modes generally do not overlap, but are spatially separated. This effect is based on molecular recognition characteristics of the protein structures. The results are also in excellent agreement with the intermolecular energy funnel size estimates obtained previously by an independent methodology. The results provide an important insight into the principles of protein association, as well as potential guidelines for modeling of protein complexes and the design of protein interfaces.
Selective interaction between nanotubes and perylene‐based surfactant
Authors: Ernst Friederike , Heeg Sebastian , Heek Timm , Setaro Antonio , Haag Rainer , Reich Stephanie 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe recently reported a significant deviation in the photoluminescence intensities of HiPco nanotubes solubilized with a perylene‐based surfactant, C16, compared to bile salt surfactants. For C16, the photoluminescence emission of chiralities (9,5), (10,3), and (11,1) is enhanced by up to 430%. Resonant Raman spectroscopy is less sensitive to bundling state and also yields disparate chirality intensity ratios: The (11,0) zigzag tube signal increases by 100% compared to (8,6), (9,4), and (10,2) after suspension with C16. We also report the change in photoluminescence intensity distribution after the swelling of bile salt suspended nanotubes with a series of small organic chromophores in DCM. These changes are attributed to chromophore‐induced surfactant reorganization, resulting in better nanotube individualization. The chirality for which the PL intensity is most enhanced is (11,1) for all chromophores, a chirality also increased by 300% in the C16‐solubilized sample. Conjointly, these measurements indicate that both preferential solubilization and enhanced debundling contribute to the PL intensity distribution in the C16‐solubilized nanotube sample. This has wide ranging implications for the design of chirally selective surfactants and the demonstration of their selectivity, which is typically only shown through luminescence measurements. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Using trusted computing in trusted mail transfer protocol
Authors: Mohamed Fady A. , Hemayed Elsayed E. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this era, hacking techniques have become more dangerous and more widely used across the Internet. If we want to send and receive a trusted email, our current techniques would not be efficient. In this paper, we propose a new protocol for trusting our emails based on Trusted Computing. We combine the hardware‐based cryptography of the Trusted Platform Module and the Remote Attestation with the email protocols. The details of the proposed protocol and its security analysis are discussed in this paper. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signer‐admissible strong designated verifier signature from bilinear pairings
Authors: Wang Huaqun 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn the designated verifier signature, the validity of signature can be proved by the specific verifier although the verifier has no ability to prove this to others. On the other hand, strong designated verifier signature (SDVS) can only be verified by the designated verifier. It will not be verified without the designated verifier's private key. The third party cannot tell who generates the signature. Even if the true signer signs a message by using SDVS, he has no ability to show any evidence. In some cases, the true signer wants to admit the signature if the admission can bring about reward. On the basis of the idea, this paper proposes the new concept of signer‐admissible SDVS. By utilizing bilinear pairings and the modified ElGamal signature, we design an efficient identity‐based SDVS scheme with signer‐admission property. Compared with the existing identity‐based SDVS schemes, our scheme supports the signer‐admission property, and it is efficient. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collaborative agglomerative document clustering with limited information disclosure
Authors: Su Chunhua , Zhou Jianying , Bao Feng , Takagi Tsuyoshi , Sakurai Kouichi 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTDocument clustering is a practical and powerful data mining technique to analyze large amount of documents and large sets of text or hypertext documents. However, it also brings the problem of sensitive information leaking in disregard of privacy, especially when it is executed in distributed environment. In this paper, we propose a cryptography‐based framework to realize privacy‐preserving document clustering among the users under the distributed environment; there are two parties, each having his private document database, want to collaboratively execute agglomerative document clustering without disclosing their private contents. We provide two implementations of such a framework, one is with more precision and stronger security but requires more computational resources. The other is a simplified version with less computational complexity and achieves higher processing speed. Additionally, we provide the security proofs and experimental analysis of precision and scalability of our proposal. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphene‐Like MoS2/Graphene Composites: Cationic Surfactant‐Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis and Electrochemical Reversible Storage of Lithium
Authors: Huang Guochuang , Chen Tao , Chen Weixiang , Wang Zhen , Chang Kun , Ma Lin , Huang Feihe , Chen Dongyun , Lee Jim Yang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA cationic surfactant‐assisted hydrothermal route is developed for the facile synthesis of graphene‐like MoS2/graphene (GL‐MoS2/G) composites based on the hydrothermal reduction of Na2MoO4 and graphene oxide sheets with L‐cysteine in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), following by annealling in N2 atmosphere. The GL‐MoS2/G composites are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The effects of CTAB concentration on the microstructures and electrochemical performances of the composites for reversible Li+ storage are investigated. It is found that the layer number of MoS2 sheets decreases with increasing CTAB concentration. The GL‐MoS2 sheets in the composites are few‐layer in the case of 0.01∼0.03 mol L−1 CTAB of hydrothermal solution and single‐layer in the case of 0.05 mol L−1 CTAB. The GL‐MoS2/G composites prepared with 0.01–0.02 mol·L−1 of CTAB solution exhibit a higher reversible capacity of 940–1020 mAh g−1, a greater cycle stability, and a higher rate capability than other samples. The exceptional electrochemical performance of GL‐MoS2/G composites for reversible Li+ storage could be attributed to an effective integration of GL‐MoS2 sheets and graphene that maximizes the synergistic interaction between them.
The lost intrinsic fragmentation of MAT1 protein during granulopoiesis promotes the growth and metastasis of leukemic myeloblasts
Authors: Lou Siyue , Liu Gang , Shimada Hiroyuki , Yang Xiaochun , He Qiaojun , Wu Lingtao 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
MAT1, an assembly factor and targeting subunit of both cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase (CAK) and general transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) kinase, regulates cell cycle and transcription. Previous studies show that expression of intact MAT1 protein is associated with expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), whereas intrinsically programmed or retinoic acid (RA)-induced MAT1 fragmentation accompanies granulocytic differentiation of HSC or leukemic myeloblasts. Here we determined that, in humanized mouse microenvironment, MAT1 overexpression resisted intrinsic MAT1 fragmentation to sustain hematopoietic CD34+ cell expansion while preventing granulopoiesis. Conversely, we mimicked MAT1 fragmentation in vitro and in a mouse model by overexpressing a fragmented 81-aa MAT1 polypeptide (pM9) that retains the domain for assembling CAK but cannot affix CAK to TFIIH-core. Our results showed that pM9 formed ΔCAK by competing with MAT1 for CAK assembly to mimic MAT1 fragmentation-depletion of CAK. This resulting ΔCAK acted as a dominant negative to inhibit the growth and metastasis of different leukemic myeloblasts, with or without RA resistance, by concurrently suppressing CAK and TFIIH kinase activities to inhibit cell cycle and gene transcription. These findings suggest that the intrinsically programmed MAT1 expression and fragmentation regulate granulopoiesis by inversely coordinating CAK and TFIIH activities, whereas pM9 shares a mechanistic resemblance with MAT1 fragmentation in suppressing myeloid leukemogenesis.
Brief Report: VGLL4 Is a Novel Regulator of Survival in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Tajonar Adriana , Maehr René , Hu Guang , Sneddon Julie B. , Rivera-Feliciano José , Cohen Dena E. , Elledge Stephen J. , Melton Douglas A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are maintained in a self-renewing state by an interconnected network of mechanisms that sustain pluripotency, promote proliferation and survival, and prevent differentiation. We sought to find novel genes that could contribute to one or more of these processes using a gain-of-function screen of a large collection of human open reading frames. We identified Vestigial-like 4 (VGLL4), a cotranscriptional regulator with no previously described function in hESCs, as a positive regulator of survival in hESCs. Specifically, VGLL4 overexpression in hESCs significantly decreases cell death in response to dissociation stress. Additionally, VGLL4 overexpression enhances hESC colony formation from single cells. These effects may be attributable, in part, to a decreased activity of initiator and effector caspases observed in the context of VGLL4 overexpression. Additionally, we show an interaction between VGLL4 and the Rho/Rock pathway, previously implicated in hESC survival. This study introduces a novel gain-of-function approach for studying hESC maintenance and presents VGLL4 as a previously undescribed regulator of this process. Stem Cells 2013;31:2833–2841
Stimulation of Somatic Cell Reprogramming by ERas-Akt-FoxO1 Signaling Axis
Authors: Yu Yong , Liang Dan , Tian Qing , Chen Xiaona , Jiang Bo , Chou Bin-Kuan , Hu Ping , Cheng Linzhao , Gao Ping , Li Jinsong , Wang Gang 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
Reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) shares much similarity to the cancer initiation process, and the molecular mechanisms underlying both processes remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that a tumor- or embryonic stem cell-specific Ras gene ERas, which encodes a constitutively active form of GTPase, and its downstream Phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway are important facilitators for the somatic reprogramming process. We found that overexpression of ERas retrovirally enhanced mouse iPSC induction while ERas knockdown repressed it. Modulation of Akt signaling by genetic or chemical means greatly impacted the reprogramming efficiency. Forced expression of a constitutively active Akt1 gene could rescue the reduced efficiency resulting from ERas knockdown, and point-mutation analyses further revealed that ERas is tightly coupled with Akt signaling to enhance reprogramming. Mechanistically, the forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 can function as a barrier to the iPSC induction, and the inactivation of FoxO1 by Akt-dependent phosphorylation largely accounts for the enhancing effect of ERas-Akt signaling on reprogramming. Collectively, these results unravel the significance of the ERas-Akt-FoxO1 signaling axis in iPSC generation, suggesting a possibly shared molecular basis for both somatic reprogramming and cancer initiation. Stem Cells 2014;32:349–363