bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal models for dystonia
Authors: Wilson Bethany K. , Hess Ellen J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTSymptomatic animal models have clinical features consistent with human disorders and are often used to identify the anatomical and physiological processes involved in the expression of symptoms and to experimentally demonstrate causality where it would be infeasible in the patient population. Rodent and primate models of dystonia have identified basal ganglia abnormalities, including alterations in striatal GABAergic (ie, transmitting or secreting γ‐aminobutyric acid) and dopaminergic transmission. Symptomatic animal models have also established the critical role of the cerebellum in dystonia, particularly abnormal glutamate signaling and aberrant Purkinje cell activity. Further, experiments suggest that the basal ganglia and cerebellum are nodes in an integrated network that is dysfunctional in dystonia. The knowledge gained from experiments in symptomatic animal models may serve as the foundation for the development of novel therapeutic interventions to treat dystonia. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Primary dystonia: Moribund or viable
Authors: Bressman Susan B. , Saunders‐Pullman Rachel 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWith increasing understanding of dystonia genetic etiologies and pathophysiology there has been renewed scrutiny and reappraisal of dystonia classification schemes and nomenclature. One important category that includes both clinical and etiologic criteria is primary dystonia. This editorialized review discusses the impact of recent findings on primary dystonia criteria and argues that it remains useful in clinical and research practice. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Special concerns in defining, studying, and treating dystonia in children
Authors: Mink Jonathan W. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTDystonia is movement disorder with many diverse underlying etiologies. Some of those etiologies manifest at specific stages of development or at specific ages. Others may present early in life and evolve as the individual develops. The appearance of symptoms during a time of nervous system development poses special challenges to the neurologist. Normal functions change appearance, dysfunction may manifest in an age‐dependent manner, and age‐dependent differences in beneficial and toxic effects of treatments all introduce complexities to the process of diagnosis, functional assessment, and therapeutics. Consideration of these developmental differences is essential in assuring a universal definition of dystonia, and for developing valid and reliable assessment tools that can be compared across the lifespan, and more effective therapeutics. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Assessment of patients with isolated or combined dystonia: An update on dystonia syndromes
Authors: Fung Victor S. C. , Jinnah H. A. , Bhatia Kailash , Vidailhet Marie 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe clinical evaluation of a patient with dystonia is a stepwise process, beginning with classification of the phenomenology of the movement disorder(s), then formulation of the dystonia syndrome, which, in turn, leads to a targeted etiological differential diagnosis. In recent years, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the etiological basis of dystonia, aided especially by discoveries in imaging and genetics. In this review, we provide an update on the assessment of a patient with dystonia, including the phenomenology of dystonia and highlighting how to integrate clinical, imaging, blood, and neurophysiological investigations in order to formulate a dystonia syndrome. Evolving or emerging dystonia syndromes are reviewed, and potential etiologies of these as well as established dystonia syndromes listed to guide diagnostic testing. © 2013MovementDisorder Society
Device localization and dynamic scan plane selection using a wireless magnetic resonance imaging detector array
Authors: Riffe Matthew J. , Yutzy Stephen R. , Jiang Yun , Twieg Michael D. , Blumenthal Colin J. , Hsu Daniel P. , Pan Li , Gilson Wesley D. , Sunshine Jeffrey L. , Flask Christopher A. , Duerk Jeffrey L. , Nakamoto Dean , Gulani Vikas , Griswold Mark A. 
Published: July 2013

PurposeA prototype wireless guidance device using single sideband amplitude modulation (SSB) is presented for a 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging system.MethodsThe device contained three fiducial markers each mounted to an independent receiver coil equipped with wireless SSB technology. Acquiring orthogonal projections of these markers determined the position and orientation of the device, which was used to define the scan plane for a subsequent image acquisition. Device localization and scan plane update required approximately 30 ms, so it could be interleaved with high temporal resolution imaging. Since the wireless device is used for localization and does not require full imaging capability, the design of the SSB wireless system was simplified by allowing an asynchronous clock between the transmitter and receiver.ResultsWhen coupled to a high readout bandwidth, the error caused by the lack of a shared frequency reference was quantified to be less than one pixel (0.78 mm) in the projection acquisitions. Image guidance with the prototype was demonstrated with a phantom where a needle was successfully guided to a target and contrast was delivered.ConclusionThe feasibility of active tracking with a wireless detector array is demonstrated. Wireless arrays could be incorporated into devices to assist in image‐guided procedures. Magn Reson Med 71:2243–2249, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of diabetes mellitus and its control on the development of tuberculosis: a nationwide longitudinal study in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Ming‐Chia , Lee Chih‐Hsin , Shu Chin‐Chung , Pong Wei‐Bang , Lan Chou‐Chin , Wang Jann‐Yuan , Lee Li‐Na , Chao Kun‐Mao 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeDiabetic mellitus (DM) is a well‐known risk factor of tuberculosis (TB). However, there is paucity of reports on the impact of diabetic control and adherence to anti‐diabetic treatment on the risk of TB. This nationwide cohort study aimed to address these issues.MethodsIn the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005 of Taiwan, DM cases and matched control subjects were selected. Potential risk factors for developing TB were investigated using the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Time‐dependent variables were used to measure drug prescription, adherence, and number of DM‐associated admissions from 360 to 90 days prior to each outcome event.ResultsThe 49 903 DM patients identified (52.5% males) had a mean age of 61.9 ± 14.2 years. Among DM patients and control subjects, the independent risk factors of TB were age, male sex, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), autoimmune disease, and DM (hazard ratio [HR] 1.293 [1.154–1.449]). Among DM patients, time‐dependent Cox analysis revealed that age, male sex, COPD, end‐stage renal disease, maximum average daily dose of oral hypoglycemic agent (HR 1.13 [1.071–1.193]), insulin use during admission (HR 1.462 [1.087–1.966]), adherence to anti‐diabetic medication (0.577 [0.429–0.776]), and number of DM‐associated admissions (1.789 [1.231–2.601]) were independent factors associated with the development of TB.ConclusionsThe risk of TB parallels DM severity. Some cases of TB can be prevented by fostering adherence to anti‐diabetic medication. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pattern replication in blends of semiconducting and insulating polymers casted by horizontal dipping
Authors: Rysz Jakub , Josiek Monika , Marzec Mateusz M. , Moons Ellen 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTPattern replication in solution‐deposited thin films of insulating and conjugated polymer mixtures might provide an alternative to spatially resolved printing techniques for the fabrication of polymer‐based circuitries. Though it has been previously shown that phase separation in the course of spin‐casting leads to the formation of domain structures resembling the chemical patterns pre‐set on the film substrate, finding optimal casting conditions is a tedious process, which requires multiple sample preparations. Here, we have demonstrated pattern replication in a mixture of poly(3,3′′′‐didodecyl quarter thiophene) (PQT‐12) and deuterated poly(styrene‐co−4‐bromostyrene) (dPBrS) deposited by horizontal‐dipping on substrates, patterned with self‐assembling molecules by micro‐contact printing. Moreover, we show that casting conditions for accomplishing pattern replication can be efficiently screened by preparing thickness gradient samples. We have optimized the reconstruction of the substrate pattern in the PQT‐12:dPBrS film. Our results prove that desired structures of semiconducting and insulating polymers can be produced in a simple, high‐throughput technological process. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1419–1426
Possibilities and Implications of Using the ICF and Other Vocabulary Standards in Electronic Health Records
Authors: Vreeman Daniel J. , Richoz Christophe 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThere is now widespread recognition of the powerful potential of electronic health record (EHR) systems to improve the health‐care delivery system. The benefits of EHRs grow even larger when the health data within their purview are seamlessly shared, aggregated and processed across different providers, settings and institutions. Yet, the plethora of idiosyncratic conventions for identifying the same clinical content in different information systems is a fundamental barrier to fully leveraging the potential of EHRs. Only by adopting vocabulary standards that provide the lingua franca across these local dialects can computers efficiently move, aggregate and use health data for decision support, outcomes management, quality reporting, research and many other purposes. In this regard, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) is an important standard for physiotherapists because it provides a framework and standard language for describing health and health‐related states. However, physiotherapists and other health‐care professionals capture a wide range of data such as patient histories, clinical findings, tests and measurements, procedures, and so on, for which other vocabulary standards such as Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes and Systematized Nomenclature Of Medicine Clinical Terms are crucial for interoperable communication between different electronic systems. In this paper, we describe how the ICF and other internationally accepted vocabulary standards could advance physiotherapy practise and research by enabling data sharing and reuse by EHRs. We highlight how these different vocabulary standards fit together within a comprehensive record system, and how EHRs can make use of them, with a particular focus on enhancing decision‐making. By incorporating the ICF and other internationally accepted vocabulary standards into our clinical information systems, physiotherapists will be able to leverage the potent capabilities of EHRs and contribute our unique clinical perspective to other health‐care providers within the emerging electronic health information infrastructure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of areas with the most significant shift in persistence of pests in Europe under climate change
Authors: Svobodová Eva , Trnka Miroslav , Dubrovský Martin , Semerádová Daniela , Eitzinger Josef , Štěpánek Petr , Žalud Zdeněk 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study aimed to estimate the impact of climate change on the ranges of crop pest species in Europe. The organisms included in the study were species from the family Tortricidae (Cydia pomonella, Lobesia botrana) and the family Pyralidae (Ostrinia nubilalis), Chrysomelidae beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Oulema melanopus) and species from the family Aphididae (Ropalosiphum padi, Sitobion avenae). Climate conditions in the year 2055 were simulated using a subset of five representative global circulation models. Model simulations using these climate change scenarios showed significant shifts in the climatic niches of the species in this study.RESULTSFor Central Europe, the models predicted a shift in the ranges of pest species to higher altitudes and increases in the number of generations (NG) of the pests. In contrast, in the southern regions of Europe, the NG is likely to decrease owing to insufficient humidity. The ranges of species are likely to shift to the north.CONCLUSIONBased on the ensemble‐scenario mean for 2055, a climate‐driven northward shift of between 3° N (O. nubilalis) and 11° N (L. botrana) is expected. The areas that are most sensitive to experiencing a significant increase in climate suitability for future pest persistence were identified. These areas include Central Europe, the higher altitudes of the Alps and Carpathians and areas above 55° N. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Prevalence, Severity and Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms and Insomnia in College Undergraduates
Authors: Gress‐Smith Jenna L. , Roubinov Danielle S. , Andreotti Charissa , Compas Bruce E. , Luecken Linda J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAlthough the college years represent a high‐risk period for depressive symptoms and insomnia, little research has explored their prevalence, comorbidities and risk factors within this developmental period. Two studies were conducted; the first evaluated the prevalence and comorbidity of depressive symptoms and insomnia in 1338 students (ages 18–23 years) from a large Southwestern University. Mild depressive symptoms were endorsed by 19% of students and 14.5% reported moderate to severe symptoms. Forty‐seven percent of students reported mild insomnia and 22.5% endorsed moderate to severe insomnia severity. A second study investigated perceived stress as a potential mediator of the relation between self‐reported childhood adversity and concurrent depressive symptoms and insomnia. Undergraduates (N = 447) from a Southwestern and Southeastern University reported prior childhood adversity, current perceived stress, insomnia and depressive symptoms. Self‐reported childhood adversity predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms and insomnia severity, partially mediated by perceived stress. Results support the high prevalence of depressive symptoms and insomnia among undergraduates. The risk for depressive and insomnia symptoms may be increased among students who experienced greater levels of childhood adversity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Representation of Oxidation Ability for Metallurgical Slags Based on the Ion and Molecule Coexistence Theory
Authors: Yang Xue‐min , Zhang Meng , Zhang Jian‐liang , Li Peng‐cheng , Li Jin‐yan , Zhang Jian 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe defined oxidation ability of metallurgical slags based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT), i.e., the comprehensive mass action concentration of iron oxides, has been verified through comparing the calculated and the reported activity of iron oxides in the selected FetO‐containing slag systems. To calculate the defined comprehensive mass action concentration of iron oxides in the selected slag systems, a thermodynamic model for calculating the mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in CaO–SiO2–MgO–FeO–Fe2O3–MnO–Al2O3–P2O5 type slags, i.e., the IMCT‐Ni thermodynamic model, has been developed. The defined comprehensive mass action concentration of iron oxides is more accurate than the measured activity of iron oxides to represent the slag oxidation ability of the selected FetO‐containing slag systems. The calculated comprehensive mass action concentration of iron oxides or the reported activity of iron oxides in the selected FetO‐containing slag systems shows an increase tendency with an increase of optical basicity of the slags by taking as 0.93 and as 0.69, or as 1.0 and as 0.75, rather than by taking as 0.51 and as 0.48. The slag oxidation ability represented by the defined comprehensive mass action concentration of iron oxides or the measured activity of iron oxides is not only decided by the effects of iron oxides, but also by the comprehensive effects of both iron oxides and basic oxides as CaO or MgO or MnO in the selected FetO‐containing slag systems.
On the efficiency of semi‐active smart structures: self‐regulating MR dampers control system for tall buildings
Authors: Rahbari Nima Mohajer , Talatahari Siamak 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYMany severe dynamical loadings such as earthquakes and strong winds may subject to structural systems during their lifetime and lead to changes in structural characteristics. Hence, employing an adaptive control strategy that can deal with these alterations compound with design of the structural elements would undoubtedly be the most effective alternative design for the old‐fashioned design methods, which are relatively inefficient in response to these unforeseen conditions. In the current study, benefits of employing the modern control systems for design of tall buildings in comparison with the uncontrolled traditionally designed structures are thoroughly investigated. To contract the vibrational responses due to seismic excitations, the innovative direct‐modulating semi‐active controller is designed for magneto‐rheological dampers, which are installed in an 11‐storey sample building converting it to a smart structure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lossless compression of mammographic images with region‐based predictor selection
Authors: Karimi Nader , Samavi Shadrokh , Mahmoodzadeh Elham , Shirani Shahram 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOne of the main tools for early diagnosis of breast cancer is digital mammography. These images require large storage space and are difficult to be transmitted over communication links. In this paper we propose a context‐based method for lossless compression of these images. Some modifications are performed to customize the activity level classification model (ALCM) predictor to work best in mammograms. The function of the modified predictor changes for different main regions of these images. Also, best qualities of two other predictors are exploited and the results of the fittest predictor are selected adaptively for the prediction of a pixel. Moreover, context modeling is used for a better categorization of the prediction errors. The proposed algorithm was tested using images from a well‐known database and the results were compared with two standard compression methods of lossless mode of JPEG2000 and JPEG‐LS. The proposed method was proved to produce better compression results than those of the standard algorithms. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Virus‐encoded endonucleases: expected and novel functions
Authors: Read G. Sullivan 
Published: July 2013

Endonucleases catalyze critical steps in the processing, function, and turnover of many cellular RNAs. It is, therefore, not surprising that a number of viruses encode endonucleases that play important roles in viral gene expression. The virion host shutoff (Vhs) endonuclease of herpes simplex virus, the SOX protein of Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV), and the influenza virus PB1 endonuclease have well‐characterized functions that stem from their abilities to cleave RNA. Vhs accelerates turnover of many cellular and viral mRNAs, redirecting the cell from host to viral gene expression, counteracting key elements of the innate immune response, and facilitating sequential expression of different classes of viral genes. SOX reduces synthesis of many host proteins during the lytic phase of KSHV infections. PB1 is a component of the influenza RNA polymerase that snatches capped oligonucleotides from cellular pre‐mRNAs to serve as primers during viral mRNA synthesis. However, all three proteins have important second functions. Vhs stimulates translation of the 3′ cistron of bicistronic mRNAs that have selected cellular internal ribosome entry sites, and stimulates polysome loading and translation of selected viral mRNAs at late times during productive infections. SOX has an alkaline exonuclease activity that is important for processing and maturation of newly synthesized copies of the KSHV genome. The influenza RNA polymerase binds the cap and 5′ region of viral mRNAs and recruits eIF4G and other factors to viral mRNAs, allowing them to be translated under conditions of reduced eIF4E functionality. This review will discuss the novel and expected functions of these viral endonucleases. WIREs RNA 2013, 4:693–708. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1188This article is categorized under:

Translation > Translation Mechanisms
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
Mixed Micellar and Interfacial Interactions of a Triblock Polymer (EO37PO56EO37) with a Series of Monomeric and Dimeric Surfactants
Authors: Banipal Tarlok Singh , Sood Ashwani Kumar 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe mixed micellar and interfacial properties of mixtures of triblock polymer (TBP) with a series of monomeric (dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and dimeric (dimethylene bis[alkyldimethylammonium bromide],m‐2‐m, wherem= 10, 12, and 14) cationic surfactants were investigated using surface tension and viscosity measurements in aqueous solutions at different temperatures. Various physicochemical properties such as critical micelle concentration, mixed micellar mole fraction, interaction parameter, interfacial, and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. All the binary mixtures exhibit synergistic interactions which increase with temperature and pass through a minimum with the increase in hydrophobic chain length of the cationic surfactants. The contribution of TBP in mixed micelle formation also increases with the hydrophobic chain length of the surfactants. The interfacial and thermodynamic parameters reveal that the adsorption of the surfactant mixtures at the air–solution interface is more favorable than that of micelle formation and the unfavorable enthalpy changes are overwhelmed by favorable entropy changes. Further, the mixtures of TBP with smaller chain length surfactants show a sharp rise in relative viscosity at higher mole fractions of these surfactants.
Automatic switching between the AAI and the DDD algorithm can prevent repetitive non‐reentrant ventriculoatrial synchrony
Authors: Kitamura Takeshi , Fukamizu Seiji , Nauchi Masahiro , Nishimura Takuro , Watanabe Tomohiko , Iwasawa Jin , Shimada Hiroshi , Ishikawa Tae , Matsushita Noriko , Abe Tomomi , Hojo Rintaro , Hayashi Takekuni , Komiyama Kota , Tanabe Yasuhiro , Tejima Tamotsu , Nishizaki Mitsuhiro , Sakurada Harumizu , Hiraoka Masayasu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA 67‐year‐old man with non‐obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy had received an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) for an unstable, sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) induced by programmed stimulation during an electrophysiological study 5 years earlier. An intracardiac electrogram recorded by the ICD revealed repetitive, non‐reentrant ventriculoatrial synchrony (RNRVAS) associated with hypotension. Electrophysiologic and hemodynamic studies indicated that RNRVAS was induced and reproducibly termed by a single ventricular extrastimulus from the right ventricular apex. Following attainment of the elective replacement indicator, we replaced the ICD with another having managed ventricular pacing, which automatically switched AAI and DDD, thereby avoiding unnecessary ventricular pacing. Thus far, the patient has not experienced further RNRVAS. Thus, we believe that automatic switching between AAI and DDD can prevent RNRVAS.