bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salmon nutrients are associated with the phylogenetic dispersion of riparian flowering‐plant assemblages
Authors: Hurteau Leslie A. , Mooers Arne Ø. , Reynolds John D. , Hocking Morgan D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA signature of nonrandom phylogenetic community structure has been interpreted as indicating community assembly processes. Significant clustering within the phylogenetic structure of a community can be caused by habitat filtering due to low nutrient availability. Nutrient limitation in temperate Pacific coastal rainforests can be alleviated to some extent by marine nutrient subsidies introduced by migrating salmon, which leave a quantitative signature on the makeup of plant communities near spawning streams. Thus, nutrient‐mediated habitat filtering could be reduced by salmon nutrients. Here, we ask how salmon abundance affects the phylogenetic structure of riparian flowering plant assemblages across 50 watersheds in the Great Bear Rainforest of British Columbia, Canada. Based on a regional pool of 60 plant species, we found that assemblages become more phylogenetically dispersed and species poor adjacent to streams with higher salmon spawning density. In contrast, increased phylogenetic clumping and species richness was seen in sites with low salmon density, with steeper slopes, further from the stream edge, and within smaller watersheds. These observations are all consistent with abiotic habitat filtering and biotic competitive exclusion acting together across local and landscape‐scale gradients in nutrient availability to structure assembly of riparian flowering plants. In this case, rich salmon nutrients appear to release riparian flowering‐plant assemblages from the confines of a low‐nutrient habitat filter that drives phylogenetic clustering.
Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Bone Stimulator Treatment for Symptomatic Distal Phalangeal Shaft Fracture Nonunion
Authors: Abboudi Jack , Kirkpatrick William H. , Schroeder Jake 
Published: September 2015

Case:
Two cases of symptomatic distal phalangeal fracture nonunion that were treated with a course of digital splinting and daily external low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) treatment are presented. Osseous union, symptom resolution, and full range of motion were successfully achieved in both cases without surgery.

Conclusion:
Digital splinting and daily LIPUS should be considered as a treatment option for symptomatic nonunion of the distal phalanx in cases that do not require correction of bone deformity.
A Novel Technique for the Surgical Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis of Long Bones
Authors: Bean CPT Betsey K. , Grassbaugh LTC Jason A. 
Published: September 2015

Case:
A twenty-eight-year-old man sustained an open, comminuted tibial plateau fracture from a gunshot wound. Treatment included external fixation, serial debridements, and subsequent open reduction and internal fixation. Five months later, he developed chronic osteomyelitis of the proximal part of the tibia. Intraosseous debridement and irrigation with an arthroscope and arthroscopic tools was performed through existing bone screw holes. At the time of the final follow-up, he had resolution of pain and no recurrent infection.

Conclusion:
This minimally invasive technique may be considered for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of long bones to prevent structural destabilization and minimize disability.
Natural Optimism in Financial Reporting: A State of Mind
Authors: Capps Gregory , Koonce Lisa , Petroni Kathy R. 
Published: September 2015

SYNOPSIS
The objective of this paper is to cohesively introduce the notion of natural optimism into the accounting literature and to provide insights into the role of natural optimism in financial reporting on the part of firm managers. To accomplish this, we first discuss the research that demonstrates that optimism is the natural state of mind for most people and therefore we posit that firm managers involved in preparing financial statements are likely to exhibit naturally occurring optimism. Second, we identify where natural optimism is most likely to have an impact on financial reporting. Third, we address the challenges involved with mitigating or eliminating natural optimism in financial reporting. Finally, we address the relationship between optimism and two other constructs often found in accounting—namely, overconfidence and motivated reasoning.
How Client Identification and Client Commitment Uniquely Influence Auditor Objectivity
Authors: Herda David N. , Lavelle James J. 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARY
This article summarizes our recent study, “Client Identification and Client Commitment in a Privately Held Client Setting: Unique Constructs with Opposite Effects on Auditor Objectivity” (Herda and Lavelle 2015), which examines how individual auditors' identification with, and commitment to, privately held audit clients affects their objectivity. Based on a survey of 102 external auditors, we find that client identification is distinct from client commitment. This distinction is important because identification as a construct is easily and often confused with commitment, and the terms are often used interchangeably. Client identification entails auditors perceiving themselves as one with the client. In contrast, client commitment reflects a responsibility for and dedication to the client, but the auditor and client remain separate psychological entities. Consistent with prior research, we find that client identification impairs auditor objectivity. Conversely, we find that client commitment enhances auditor objectivity.
Quantitative Sinonasal Symptom Assessment in an Unselected Pediatric Population with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Wentzel Jennifer L. , Virella-Lowell Isabel , Schlosser Rodney J. , Soler Zachary M. 
Published: September 2015

Introduction The aim of this study was to establish baseline sinonasal quality of life scores in an unselected pediatric population with cystic fibrosis (CF) and to test the correlation of those scores with various clinical outcome measurements. Methods A total of 50 consecutive children, ages 2–12 years, seen routinely in a large CF clinic were evaluated by using the Sinus and Nasal Quality of Life Survey (SN-5) tool at the time of their visit. At this time, the parent or guardian of the child was also questioned about recent episodes of sinusitis, antibiotic prescriptions for sinusitis, recent hospitalizations, and days missed from school or recreational activities due to sinonasal symptoms. CF genotype, pulmonary function, recent sinus surgeries, and computed tomography scores were established by thorough chart review. Results The average SN-5 score of this group was lower than published averages in children with baseline, preoperative, or postoperative chronic sinusitis, and demonstrated significant correlations with a visual analog scale, recent episodes of sinusitis, antibiotic prescriptions for sinusitis, and the number of days missed from school or recreational activities due to sinonasal symptoms, with a nonsignificant trend observed with previous sinus surgery. No correlations were seen with CF genotype, pulmonary function, or hospitalization days. Computed tomography results were overwhelmingly abnormal, and Lund-MacKay scores did not correlate with SN-5 scores or clinical outcome measurements. Conclusions The SN-5 tool provides a quick, safe, and reliable qualitative metric for monitoring sinonasal symptoms in young children with CF.
Objective Assessment of Olfaction after Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery
Authors: Chaaban Mohamad R. , Chaudhry Ajaz L. , Riley Kristen O. , Woodworth Bradford A. 
Published: September 2015

Background Transnasal endoscopic pituitary surgery has proven to be a safe and effective method for removing pituitary tumors. Direct and angled endoscopy at the site of dissection provides excellent visualization without external incisions. However, olfactory loss has been documented after surgical approaches to the pituitary and is accompanied by a significant detriment to quality of life. Study Design A prospective cohort study. Methods Subjects 19 years and older who were undergoing transnasal endoscopic pituitary surgery were recruited for this study. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was administered preoperatively and then at 3–4 months. Data regarding demographics, reconstructive technique, and complications were recorded. The patients had skull-base reconstruction with a Medpore implant or a vascularized nasoseptal flap. Results and Discussion A total of 33 subjects were recruited, with 18 completing the study. The mean (SEM) age was 58.2 ± 2.4 years, with 12 females and 6 males. The majority of patients (89%) had nonfunctioning macroadenomas, and six individuals had reconstruction by using a vascularized nasoseptal flap. Matched mean (SEM) preoperative and postoperative UPSIT scores for this cohort were not significantly different (31.3 ± 0.4 versus 30.5 ± 0.5, respectively; p = 0.54). In addition, there was no significant difference between the mean preoperative and postoperative UPSIT scores of the patients who had nasoseptal flaps (29.4 ± 1.1 vs. 28.6 ± 1.3 respectively; p = 0.87). Conclusions In the current study, pre- and postoperative UPSIT scores were not significantly different in patients who underwent endoscopic transnasal pituitary surgery. The use of a nasoseptal flap also did not adversely affect postoperative UPSIT scores.
Oral Corticosteroids in the Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with and without Nasal Polyps: Risks and Benefits
Authors: Poetker David M. 
Published: September 2015

Background Oral steroids are synthetic mimics of adrenal cortex hormones and are considered a staple in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis due to their anti-inflammatory effects. Despite their common use, many providers are not familiar with the potential risks of the drugs. Methods Literature review. Results An overview of the existing data on the risks of oral steroids is presented as well as a review of the malpractice lawsuits with regard to oral steroid use and a discussion of the data that support the use of oral steroids in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with and those without nasal polyps. Conclusion It is essential for providers to be aware of the potential complications of a medication, the medical jurisprudence of the drugs, and the data that support their use.
Impact of Day of Week on Outcomes of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Sedaghat Ahmad R. , Metson Ralph , Gray Stacey T. 
Published: September 2015

Background Outcomes for some surgical procedures are discrepantly affected by the day of the week when surgery is performed. It remains unknown whether this finding is applicable to endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Methods A retrospective analysis of a cohort from a prospective observational study of patients undergoing ESS for chronic rhinosinusitis. Primary outcome measures included major postoperative complications (epistaxis that required physician intervention, orbital injury, and cerebrospinal fluid leak) as well as Sinonasal Outcomes Test 22 (SNOT-22) and Chronic Sinusitis Survey (CSS) quality-of-life symptom scores at 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Associations between the day of the week when ESS was performed and outcome measures were performed when controlling for patients’ clinical and demographic characteristics. Results The study population consisted of 544 patients with a 30-day major postoperative complications rate of 1.2%. There was no predilection for ESS complications by the day of the week. In comparison with ESS on a Monday, improvement in the SNOT-22 score was no different than with ESS performed on Tuesday (p = 0.800 at 3 months, p = 0.149 at 12 months, p = 0.123 at 24 months), Wednesday (p = 0.533 at 3 months, p = 0.708 at 12 months, p = 0.107 at 24 months), and Thursday (p = 0.965 at 3 months, p = 0.959 at 12 months, p = 0.501 at 24 months). No surgeries were performed on Friday. Similar results were found for improvement in CSS scores. Conclusion The day of the week on which ESS was performed did not impact surgical outcomes. These results provided novel insights, which may be useful for preoperative discussions with patients and scheduling of ESS.
Predictors of 30-Day Readmission Following Inpatient Rehabilitation for Patients at High Risk for Hospital Readmission
Authors: Fisher Steve R. , Graham James E. , Krishnan Shilpa , Ottenbacher Kenneth J. 
Published: September 2015

Background
The proposed Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) 30-day readmission risk standardization models for inpatient rehabilitation facilities establish readmission risk for patients at admission based on a limited set of core variables. Considering functional recovery during the rehabilitation stay may help clinicians further stratify patient groups at high risk for hospital readmission.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to identify variables in the full administrative medical record, particularly in regard to physical function, that could help clinicians further discriminate between patients who are and are not likely to be readmitted to an acute care hospital within 30 days of rehabilitation discharge.

Design
This study used an observational cohort with a 30-day follow-up of Medicare patients who were deconditioned and had medically complex diagnoses and who were receiving postacute inpatient rehabilitation in 2010 to 2011.

Methods
Patients in the highest risk quartile for readmission (N=25,908) were selected based on the CMS risk prediction model. Hierarchical generalized linear models were built to compare the relative effectiveness of motor functional status ratings in predicting 30-day readmission. Classification and regression tree analysis was used to create a hierarchical order among predictors based on variable importance in classifying patients based on readmission status.

Results
Approximately 34% of patients in the high-risk quartile were readmitted within 30 days. Functional outcomes and rehabilitation length of stay were the best predictors of 30-day rehospitalization. A 3-variable algorithm classified 4 clinical subgroups with readmission probabilities ranging from 28% to 75%.

Limitations
Although planned readmissions were accounted for in the outcome, potentially preventable readmissions were not distinguished from unpreventable readmissions.

Conclusion
For older patients who are deconditioned and have medically complex diagnoses admitted to postacute inpatient rehabilitation, information on functional status measures that are easily monitored by health care providers may improve plans for care transition and reduce the risk of hospital readmission.
L'approvisionnement en bois brut dans un marché de concurrence imparfaite
Authors: Farsi Mehdi , Krähenbühl Gèraud 
Published: September 2015

Raw wood supply in a market with imperfect competition
This contribution performs a supply analysis of the Swiss forest enterprises. It explores the factors influencing the quantity of supply, and determines the behavioral characteristics of the forestry firms. Based on econometric methods, the main characteristics of the firms in this strongly heterogeneous and changing sector are taken into account. Overall, the results suggest that Swiss forestry firms are not acting as profit maximizers. In fact, at least some of them, namely the smaller ones, seem to strive for a certain level of revenues, allowing them to cover their current costs (the so-called target revenue model), irrespective of their market position. Specifically, estimations indicate a negative price elasticity of supply, i.e., the quantity of wood supplied decreases with increasing prices. The intensity of this reaction depends on firm characteristics, such as type of ownership (private or public) and the size of the enterprise. Moreover, the results point to the existence of market power among larger forestry firms, which might be used in price negotiations with sawmills and other buyers.
Veränderungen deutscher Wälder durch Klimawandel und Stickstoffdeposition
Authors: Nickel Stefan , Schröder Winfried , Jenssen Martin 
Published: September 2015

Changes of forests in Germany due to climate change and nitrogen deposition
According to the principles of the German Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change nature conservation programmes and instruments should take more account of the findings of climate research, including the relevant uncertainties. In this context, a method for mapping climate-induced changes of ecosystem types is presented. It is built on a classification system for forest ecosystem types in Germany. The modelling approach is based on Classification and Regression Trees (CART) and geographic information on climate, soil and vegetation features available with blanket coverage of Germany. This method allows users to produce nationwide maps in a coarse temporal resolution (here: 1961–1990, 1991–2010, 2011–2040, 2041–2070). It is demonstrated how the allocation of the ecosystem types to Habitats Directive Annex I habitat types can be used to estimate changes of habitat types as a result of climate warming.
Dolldonics: Doll Games as a Laboratory of Experimental Desire
Authors: Solander Tove 
Published: September 2015

This article considers doll games not as an exercise for reproductive heterosexuality but as a laboratory of queer sexuality. My main source is the literary hypertext The Doll Games by Shelley and Pamela Jackson. In this work, the unsexed doll body is described as the ‘sexless baton’ at the core of sex and penises are compared to dolls played with in the doll games of sex. The term dolldonics indicates a Deleuzian understanding of such objects used to prosthetically extend bodies and make desiring connections. They are not to be understood as fetishes in the psychoanalytic sense, inevitably pointing back to the phallus.There is a tradition of surrealist artists such as Hans Bellmer taking an interest in the recombinant possibilities of doll bodies. However, in the work of male artists, the queer potential of such polymorphous prosthetics has often been restricted by an erotisation of the doll as stand-in for the little girl, with whom it is so closely associated. In doll work by female artists with experience of being girls and playing with dolls, such erotisation of the girl-as-doll and doll-as-girl is less likely to occur, or at least occurs in different and more complex ways. The erotisation of doll bodies is based less on it standing in for the forbidden sexual object of the little girl, and more of the tactility of holding, manipulating, dismembering, dressing and undressing them. In doll games, the conventional distinction between desire and identification is undone, which confuses categorisations such as gender and sexual identity, and further subject/object, animate/inanimate and human/nonhuman.
Fauna Europaea: Annelida - Terrestrial Oligochaeta (Enchytraeidae and Megadrili), Aphanoneura and Polychaeta
Authors: Rota Emilia , de Jong Yde 
Published: September 2015

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. This represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education.
This paper provides updated information on the taxonomic composition and distribution of the Annelida - terrestrial Oligochaeta (Megadrili and Enchytraeidae), Aphanoneura and Polychaeta, recorded in Europe. Data on 18 families, 11 autochthonous and 7 allochthonous, represented in our continent by a total of 800 species, are reviewed, beginning from their distinctness, phylogenetic status, diversity and global distribution, and following with major recent developments in taxonomic and faunistic research in Europe. A rich list of relevant references is appended. The Fauna Europaea Annelida - terrestrial Oligochaeta data-set, as completed in 2004, will be updated accordingly.
Selective Conditions Are Required for the Induction of Invariant NKT Cell Hyporesponsiveness by Antigenic Stimulation
Authors: Wingender Gerhard , Birkholz Alysia M. , Sag Duygu , Farber Elisa , Chitale Sampada , Howell Amy R. , Kronenberg Mitchell 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Activation of invariant (i)NKT cells with the model Ag α-galactosylceramide induces rapid production of multiple cytokines, impacting a wide variety of different immune reactions. In contrast, following secondary activation with α-galactosylceramide, the behavior of iNKT cells is altered for months, with the production of most cytokines being strongly reduced. The requirements for the induction of this hyporesponsive state, however, remain poorly defined. In this study, we show that Th1-biasing iNKT cell Ags could induce iNKT cell hyporesponsiveness, as long as a minimum antigenic affinity was reached. In contrast, the Th2-biasing Ag OCH did not induce a hyporesponsive state, nor did cytokine-driven iNKT cell activation by LPS or infections. Furthermore, although dendritic cells and B cells have been reported to be essential for iNKT cell stimulation, neither dendritic cells nor B cells were required to induce iNKT cell hyporesponsiveness. Therefore, our data indicate that whereas some bone marrow–derived cells could induce iNKT cell hyporesponsiveness, selective conditions, dependent on the structure and potency of the Ag, were required to induce hyporesponsiveness.
Requirement for Transcription FactorEts1in B Cell Tolerance to Self-Antigens
Authors: Russell Lisa , John Shinu , Cullen Jaime , Luo Wei , Shlomchik Mark J. , Garrett-Sinha Lee Ann 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe differentiation and survival of autoreactive B cells is normally limited by a variety of self-tolerance mechanisms, including clonal deletion, anergy, and clonal ignorance. The transcription factor c-ets-1 (encoded by the Ets1 gene) has B cell–intrinsic roles in regulating formation of Ab-secreting cells by controlling the activity of Blimp1 and Pax5 and may be required for B cell tolerance to self-antigen. To test this, we crossed Ets1−/− mice to two different transgenic models of B cell self-reactivity, the anti–hen egg lysozyme BCR transgenic strain and the AM14 rheumatoid factor transgenic strain. BCR transgenic Ets1−/− mice were subsequently crossed to mice either carrying or lacking relevant autoantigens. We found that B cells lacking c-ets-1 are generally hyperresponsive in terms of Ab secretion and form large numbers of Ab-secreting cells even in the absence of cognate Ags. When in the presence of cognate Ag, different responses were noted depending on the physical characteristics of the Ag. We found that clonal deletion of highly autoreactive B cells in the bone marrow was intact in the absence of c-ets-1. However, peripheral B cells lacking c-ets-1 failed to become tolerant in response to stimuli that normally induce B cell anergy or B cell clonal ignorance. Interestingly, high-affinity soluble self-antigen did cause B cells to adopt many of the classical features of anergic B cells, although such cells still secreted Ab. Therefore, maintenance of appropriate c-ets-1 levels is essential to prevent loss of self-tolerance in the B cell compartment.