bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robustness of near-infrared calibration models for the prediction of milk constituents during the milking process
Authors: Melfsen Andreas , Hartung Eberhard , Haeussermann Angelika 
Published: November 2012

The robustness of in-line raw milk analysis with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was tested with respect to the prediction of the raw milk contents fat, protein and lactose. Near-infrared (NIR) spectra of raw milk (n = 3119) were acquired on three different farms during the milking process of 354 milkings over a period of six months. Calibration models were calculated for: a random data set of each farm (fully random internal calibration); first two thirds of the visits per farm (internal calibration); whole datasets of two of the three farms (external calibration), and combinations of external and internal datasets. Validation was done either on the remaining data set per farm (internal validation) or on data of the remaining farms (external validation). Excellent calibration results were obtained when fully randomised internal calibration sets were used for milk analysis. In this case, RPD values of around ten, five and three for the prediction of fat, protein and lactose content, respectively, were achieved. Farm internal calibrations achieved much poorer prediction results especially for the prediction of protein and lactose with RPD values of around two and one respectively. The prediction accuracy improved when validation was done on spectra of an external farm, mainly due to the higher sample variation in external calibration sets in terms of feeding diets and individual cow effects. The results showed that further improvements were achieved when additional farm information was added to the calibration set. One of the main requirements towards a robust calibration model is the ability to predict milk constituents in unknown future milk samples. The robustness and quality of prediction increases with increasing variation of, e.g., feeding and cow individual milk composition in the calibration model.
Gastrointestinal helminth communities of the blackspot seabreamPagellus bogaraveo(Teleostei: Sparidae) from Portuguese north-east Atlantic waters
Authors: Hermida M. , Cruz C. , Saraiva A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA study was carried out on the gastrointestinal helminth communities of blackspot seabream,Pagellus bogaraveo, from the Portuguese mainland and island waters. Fifteen helminth parasite species were detected, including the following new records in this host: the digeneansAccacladocoelium petasiporum,Brachyenteron helicoleni,Glomericirrus macrouri,Lecithocladium excisum,Lepocreadium albumandPachycreadium carnosum; the nematodeCamallanussp. and the acanthocephalanRhadinorhynchus pristis. Infection levels were generally low. Samples from mainland waters had a significantly higher prevalence of digeneans than those from the islands, probably due to the greater availability of invertebrate intermediate hosts on the continental slope. The helminth community ofP. bogaraveofrom Azores was diverse but mostly composed of species that infected no more than a single host, whereas in Madeira the helminth community was very depauperate. Most helminth species exhibited niche preferences within the gastrointestinal tract of the host. Higher functional richness and evenness were obtained in helminth communities ofP. bogaraveofrom mainland waters, indicating a balanced use of available resources, which is suggestive of more stable gastrointestinal helminth communities in these waters.
The production of mammalian trematode infective stages by the snail Galba truncatula
Authors: Rondelaud D. , Mouzet R. , Vignoles P. , Dreyfuss G. , Cabaret J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSeveral experiments on the breeding of trematode-infected Galba truncatula for obtaining and packaging Fasciola hepatica and Paramphistomum daubneyi metacercariae were carried out to determine the more convenient methods to use for commercial production of these infective stages. Compared to the breeding of infected snails in aquaterraria, the use of 14-cm Petri dishes allowed a greater prevalence of snail infection and a higher number of metacercariae. The production of these larvae was still 2.3–3.4 times greater if infected snails were dissected during the patent period. The aspiration of these metacercariae at the extremity of a Pasteur pipette significantly shortens the time necessary for their transfer from Petri dishes to Eppendorf tubes. Using 14-cm Petri dishes, snail dissection and metacercarial aspiration for their transfer strongly reduce the cost price for metacercarial production of the trematodes Fasciola hepatica and Paramphistomum daubneyi.
Influence of environmental and longline fishing operational variables on the presence of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in south-western Atlantic
Authors: Passadore Cecilia , Domingo Andrés , Szephegyi María , Secchi Eduardo R. 
Published: November 2012

Killer whale (Orcinus orca) is frequently encountered in coastal and high productive pelagic waters, near the shelf break. In the south-western Atlantic Ocean, spatial and temporal occurrence patterns are poorly known. However, the monitoring of the interaction between killer whales and longline fishery suggests that the species is frequent in this region. We analysed the killer whale presence within the Uruguayan pelagic longline fishing zone. Data were collected from 1996 to 2007, during 2189 fishing events, by vessel skippers and on-board observers. We estimated the sighting rate (SR = sightings days/fishing days * 100) for different time scales and in 1 × 1 degree grids. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the effect of spatial, temporal, environmental and operational variables on the species presence. Killer whales were sighted in 100 fishing days (SR = 4.5%), this occurrence being explained by distance from shore and sea surface temperature, varying among months and fishing boats. Although sightings occurred year round, they were more frequent in autumn and winter, at 150–400 nautical miles (nm) from shore (mean = 250 nm) and in waters with temperatures ranging from 19 to 24°C (mean = 22°C). Sets took place between 19°–40°S and 21°–54°W, while killer whales occurred mostly from 34°–37°S and 48°–53°W. In this region, the high productive Brazil—Malvinas Confluence Zone is located, and concentrates fishing effort and also killer whales.
Periodical Readership in Early Twentieth Century Bengal: Ramananda Chattopadhyay's Prabāsī
Authors: MITRA SAMARPITA 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper investigates some key questions regarding the socio-cultural implications of a relatively understudied print media, the literary miscellany, its production and consumption in early twentieth century British Bengal. Through a study of Ramananda Chattopadhyay'sPrabāsī, a major literary journal that set the trend ofsacitra māsik patrikāor illustrated monthly magazine in Bāṅglā, its literary innovations and editorial interventions, this paper explores how periodical reading and the notions of aesthetics and culture that it cultivated became intimately tied up with questions of middle class identity and class differentiation. It shows how this pioneeringsacitra patrikācame to command a literary and visual space that, by the time of the Swadeshi years, was conceived as co-extensive with the future sovereign nation. Problematizing notions of a quotidian practice like leisure-reading that had become integral to the lifestyles of an expanding middle class, this study shows howPrabāsīnot only lent new meanings to ideas of sustained interest and participation in public life amongst its readers, but that it also represented a self-consciously, high-brow cultural sensitivity that the Bengali bhadralok were to claim and safeguard as their own.
Investigation of dominant states for dielectronic recombination in short-pulse laser-produced aluminum plasma
Authors: Stancalie V. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper presents the results of relativistic calculation intended specifically to investigate the dominant states for dielectronic recombination of Li-like into Be-like Al ions in short-pulse laser produced plasmas. The relativistic Dirac R-matrix calculation is performed to output resonance energy levels and rates. The target energies and orbitals are calculated with the extended average level multi-configurational Dirac-Fock method in the general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package. This type of calculation gives a set of 13 bound orbitals that is optimized over all the levels included. The resulting 13 relativistic orbitals produced 74 Jπ levels, all of which are to be used in the close-coupling expansion. To the best of our knowledge, the work reported herein describes for the first time such detailed calculation for this atomic system and the results are relevant to the short-pulse laser produced plasma modeling.
Far-field properties of a vortex Airy beam
Authors: Chen Rui-Pin , Chew Khian-Hooi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAnalytical far-field expressions for the transverse electric mode and transverse electric magnetic mode terms, and the energy flux distributions of vortex Airy beams are derived based on the vector angular spectrum of the beam and the stationary phase method. The physical pictures of vortex Airy beams from the vectorial structure are illustrated and the energy flux distributions are demonstrated in far-field. The influences of the beam parameters, especially the exponential factor, on the energy flux distributions of vortex Airy beams and its transverse electric mode and transverse electric magnetic mode terms are discussed. This work provides a new understanding of the propagation behaviors and applications of a vortex Airy beam.
Titanium surface modification using femtosecond laser with 1013–1015 W/cm2 intensity in vacuum
Authors: Trtica M. , Batani D. , Redaelli R. , Limpouch J. , Kmetik V. , Ciganovic J. , Stasic J. , Gakovic B. , Momcilovic M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe response of titanium surface irradiated with high intensity (1013 – 1015 W/cm2) Ti:sapphire laser was studied in vacuum. Most of the reported investigations were conducted with nano- to femtosecond lasers in gas atmospheres while the studies of titanium surface interacting with femtosecond laser in vacuum are scarce. The laser employed in our experiment was operating at 800 nm wavelength and pulse duration of 60 fs in single pulse regime. The observed surface changes and phenomena are (1) creation of craters, (2) formation of periodic surface structures at the reduced intensity, and (3) occurrence of plasma in front the target. Since microstructuring of titanium is very interesting in many areas (industry, medicine), it can be concluded from this study that the reported laser intensities can effectively be applied for micromachining of the titanium surface (increasing the roughness, formation of parallel periodic surface structures etc.).
Resonance absorption enhancement in laser-generated plasma ablating Cu treated surfaces
Authors: Torrisi L. , Cutroneo M. , Caridi F. , Gentile C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractResonant absorption effects for 1.064 µm infrared laser pulse radiations are investigated by using different techniques producing micrometric surface structures with dimensions comparable to the wavelength value. The laser absorption is controlled through measurement of the Cu ion acceleration using time-of-flight approach. Surface treatments include low energy laser etching in air, deposition of microspheres obtained ablating Cu targets in water, pulse laser deposition of microstructures precursor of thin homogeneous film, chemical etching with HNO3 acid, Ar+ ion sputtering and rolling burnishing surface of thin Cu foils. Results indicate that the best resonance effect is obtained with the rolling burnishing, ion sputtering and microsphere deposition processes which enhance the Cu ion energy and the yield emission.
Features of 200 kV, 300 ns reflex triode vircator operation for different explosive emission cathodes
Authors: Roy Amitava , Menon R. , Sharma Vishnu , Patel Ankur , Sharma Archana , Chakravarthy D.P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTo study the effect of explosive field emission cathodes on high power microwave generation, experiments were conducted on a reflex triode virtual cathode oscillator. Experimental results with cathodes made of graphite, stainless steel nails, and carbon fiber (needle type) are presented. The experiments have been performed at the 1 kJ Marx generator (200 kV, 300 ns, and 9 kA). The experimentally obtained electron beam diode perveance has been compared with the one-dimensional Child-Langmuir law. The cathode plasma expansion velocity has been calculated from the perveance data. It was found that the carbon fiber cathode has the lowest cathode plasma expansion velocity of 1.7 cm/μs. The radiated high power microwave has maximum field strength and pulse duration for the graphite cathode. It was found that the reflex triode virtual cathode oscillator radiates a single microwave frequency with the multiple needle cathodes for a shorter (<200 ns full width at half maximum) voltage pulse duration.
Concept of generation of extremely compressed high-energy electron bunches in several interfering intense laser pulses with tilted amplitude fronts
Authors: Korobkin V.V. , Romanovskiy M.Yu. , Trofimov V.A. , Shiryaev O.B. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA new concept of generating tight bunches of electrons accelerated to high energies is proposed. The electrons are born via ionization of a low-density neutral gas by laser radiation, and the concept is based on the electrons acceleration in traps arising within the pattern of interference of several relativistically intense laser pulses with amplitude fronts tilted relative to their phase fronts. The traps move with the speed of light and (1) collect electrons; (2) compress them to extremely high density in all dimensions, forming electron bunches; and (3) accelerate the resulting bunches to energies of at least several GeV per electron. The simulations of bunch formation employ the Newton equation with the corresponding Lorentz force.
Norms, organizations, and semantics
Authors: Boissier Olivier , Colombetti Marco , Luck Michael , Meyer John-Jules , Polleres Axel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper integrates the responses to a set of questions from a distinguished set of panelists involved in a discussion at the Agreement Technologies workshop in Cyprus in December 2009. The panel was concerned with the relationship between the research areas of semantics, norms, and organizations, and the ways in which each may contribute to the development of the others in support of next generation agreement technologies.
Atrioventricular septal defects among infants in Europe: a population-based study of prevalence, associated anomalies, and survival
Authors: Christensen Nikolas , Andersen Helle , Garne Ester , Wellesley Diana , Addor Marie-Claude , Haeusler Martin , Khoshnood Babak , Mullaney Carmel , Rankin Judith , Tucker David 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology of chromosomal and non-chromosomal cases of atrioventricular septal defects in Europe.MethodsData were obtained from EUROCAT, a European network of population-based registries collecting data on congenital anomalies. Data from 13 registries for the period 2000–2008 were included.ResultsThere was a total of 993 cases of atrioventricular septal defects, with a total prevalence of 5.3 per 10,000 births (95% confidence interval 4.1 to 6.5). Of the total cases, 250 were isolated cardiac lesions, 583 were chromosomal cases, 79 had multiple anomalies, 58 had heterotaxia sequence, and 23 had a monogenic syndrome. The total prevalence of chromosomal cases was 3.1 per 10,000 (95% confidence interval 1.9 to 4.3), with a large variation between registers. Of the 993 cases, 639 cases were live births, 45 were stillbirths, and 309 were terminations of pregnancy owing to foetal anomaly. Among the groups, additional associated cardiac anomalies were most frequent in heterotaxia cases (38%) and least frequent in chromosomal cases (8%). Coarctation of the aorta was the most common associated cardiac defect. The 1-week survival rate for live births was 94%.ConclusionOf all cases, three-quarters were associated with other anomalies, both chromosomal and non-chromosomal. For infants with atrioventricular septal defects and no chromosomal anomalies, cardiac defects were often more complex compared with infants with atrioventricular septal defects and a chromosomal anomaly. Clinical outcomes for atrioventricular septal defects varied between regions. The proportion of termination of pregnancy for foetal anomaly was higher for cases with multiple anomalies, chromosomal anomalies, and heterotaxia sequence.
Sentiment analysis in Twitter
Authors: MARTÍNEZ-CÁMARA EUGENIO , MARTÍN-VALDIVIA M. TERESA , UREÑA-LÓPEZ L. ALFONSO , MONTEJO-RÁEZ A RTURO 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn recent years, the interest among the research community in sentiment analysis (SA) has grown exponentially. It is only necessary to see the number of scientific publications and forums or related conferences to understand that this is a field with great prospects for the future. On the other hand, the Twitter boom has boosted investigation in this area due fundamentally to its potential applications in areas such as business or government intelligence, recommender systems, graphical interfaces and virtual assistance. However, to fully understand this issue, a profound revision of the state of the art is first necessary. It is for this reason that this paper aims to represent a starting point for those investigations concerned with the latest references to Twitter in SA.
Environmental context and termination uncertainty in games with a dynamic public bad
Authors: Pevnitskaya Svetlana , Ryvkin Dmitry 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe employ a laboratory experiment to investigate the effects of environmental context and termination uncertainty on decisions in a dynamic game with a public bad. Every period the subjects decide on their own production level that generates private revenue and ‘emissions’. Emissions accumulate over time and act as a public bad. We characterize and use as benchmarks the Markov perfect equilibrium and social optimum and find that observed decisions are between the two predictions. We find no significant effect of termination uncertainty on decisions in any except the last few rounds where, in a fixed-end setting, subjects allocate their entire endowment to production. We find a strong effect of environmental context which partially substitutes for experience. The effect of experience is most pronounced in the fixed-end treatment where production allocations and the level of the public bad become lower after the restart.
Consumer involvement in dietary guideline development: opinions from European stakeholders
Authors: Brown Kerry A , Hermoso Maria , Timotijevic Lada , Barnett Julie , Lillegaard Inger Therese L , Řehůřková Irena , Larrañaga Ainhoa , Lončarević-Srmić Azra , Andersen Lene Frost , Ruprich Jiří , Fernández-Celemín Laura , Raats Monique M 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe involvement of consumers in the development of dietary guidelines has been promoted by national and international bodies. Yet, few best practice guidelines have been established to assist with such involvement.DesignQualitative semi-structured interviews explored stakeholders’ beliefs about consumer involvement in dietary guideline development.SettingInterviews were conducted in six European countries: the Czech Republic, Germany, Norway, Serbia, Spain and the UK.SubjectsSeventy-seven stakeholders were interviewed. Stakeholders were grouped as government, scientific advisory body, professional and academic, industry or non-government organisations. Response rate ranged from 45 % to 95 %.ResultsThematic analysis was conducted with the assistance of NVivo qualitative software. Analysis identified two main themes: (i) type of consumer involvement and (ii) pros and cons of consumer involvement. Direct consumer involvement (e.g. consumer organisations) in the decision-making process was discussed as a facilitator to guideline communication towards the end of the process. Indirect consumer involvement (e.g. consumer research data) was considered at both the beginning and the end of the process. Cons to consumer involvement included the effect of vested interests on objectivity; consumer disinterest; and complications in terms of time, finance and technical understanding. Pros related to increased credibility and trust in the process.ConclusionsStakeholders acknowledged benefits to consumer involvement during the development of dietary guidelines, but remained unclear on the advantage of direct contributions to the scientific content of guidelines. In the absence of established best practice, clarity on the type and reasons for consumer involvement would benefit all actors.
Swansong biospheres: refuges for life and novel microbial biospheres on terrestrial planets near the end of their habitable lifetimes
Authors: O'Malley-James Jack T. , Greaves Jane S. , Raven John A. , Cockell Charles S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe future biosphere on Earth (as with its past) will be made up predominantly of unicellular micro-organisms. Unicellular life was probably present for at least 2.5 Gyr before multicellular life appeared and will likely be the only form of life capable of surviving on the planet in the far future, when the ageing Sun causes environmental conditions to become more hostile to more complex forms of life. Therefore, it is statistically more likely that habitable Earth-like exoplanets we discover will be at a stage in their habitable lifetime more conducive to supporting unicellular, rather than multicellular life. The end stage of habitability on Earth is the focus of this work. A simple, latitude-based climate model incorporating eccentricity and obliquity variations is used as a guide to the temperature evolution of the Earth over the next 3 Gyr. This allows inferences to be made about potential refuges for life, particularly in mountains and cold-trap (ice) caves and what forms of life could live in these environments. Results suggest that in high latitude regions, unicellular life could persist for up to 2.8 Gyr from present. This begins to answer the question of how the habitability of Earth will evolve at local scales alongside the Sun's main sequence evolution and, by extension, how the habitability of Earth-like planets would evolve over time with their own host stars.
Genetic diversity of native cultivated cacao accessions (Theobroma cacao L.) in Nicaragua
Authors: Aragon Erwin , Rivera Claudia , Korpelainen Helena , Rojas Aldo , Elomaa Paula , Valkonen Jari P. T. 
Published: November 2012

A total of 60 farmers' cacao accessions (Theobroma cacao L.) from Nicaragua were investigated using microsatellite markers to reveal their genetic composition and to identify potentially resistant genotypes against the black pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora. These accessions were compared with 21 breeders' accessions maintained locally, two Criollo accessions from Costa Rica and two accessions from Ecuador. The analyses showed a low level of differentiation among groups of farmers' accessions (FST = 0.06) and that six Nicaraguan accessions were genetically closely related to the two Criollo accessions used as a reference. In addition, seven distinct genotypes were found to have allelic composition that may indicate linkage to resistance alleles, thus being potential parental lines in future breeding programmes.
A Bayesian mixture‐modeling approach for flow‐conditioned multiple‐point statistical facies simulation from uncertain training images
Authors: Khodabakhshi Morteza , Jafarpour Behnam 
Published: November 2012

Key PointsPreserving prior higher‐order statistics of facies using flow data integrationIncorporating the uncertainty in the training image during facies simulationEfficiently sampling from multiple training images based on flow response