bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voriconazole Serum Concentrations in Obese and Overweight Immunocompromised Patients: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Davies‐Vorbrodt Samantha , Ito James I. , Tegtmeier Bernard R. , Dadwal Sanjeet S. , Kriengkauykiat Jane 
Published: January 2013

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between voriconazole dose and corresponding serum concentrations in obese and overweight immunocompromised patients.DesignRetrospective medical record review.SettingNational Cancer Institute–designated comprehensive cancer center.PatientsA total of 92 patients with hematologic malignancies and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplants who received voriconazole and had reported steady‐state serum concentrations (peak, random, or trough) during 2005–2010; 124 serum concentrations were available for analysis.Measurements and Main ResultsData on patient demographics, voriconazole concentrations, and other clinical and safety data were collected. Patients were stratified based on body mass index (BMI). Patients with higher BMIs tended to have significantly higher median random voriconazole concentrations with intravenous administration (6.4 mg/L for BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 vs 2.8 mg/L for BMI < 25 kg/m2, p=0.04). This trend was more notable with the intravenous than the oral formulations. With the oral formulation, patients with a BMI of 25 kg/m2 or greater had a median random concentration of 2.8 mg/L compared with 2.0 mg/L in patients with a BMI less than 25 kg/m2 (p=0.18). Patients with a BMI of 25 kg/m2 or greater also had a higher median daily voriconazole dose (640 vs 400 mg, p<0.001). No significant differences were noted in factors that would affect oral absorption of voriconazole (e.g., graft‐versus‐host disease) among BMI groups. When comparing all voriconazole concentrations, higher concentrations were associated with a greater percentage of patients who had alanine aminotransferase levels of more than 3 times the upper limit of normal. Patients with voriconazole random concentrations of 2 mg/L or greater had higher response rates (50%) than patients with concentrations lower than 2 mg/L (33%).ConclusionStandard voriconazole dosing using actual body weight in obese and overweight patients resulted in higher associated serum concentrations. Dosing using adjusted body weight may be necessary in this population in order to achieve optimal concentrations while preventing the potential for increased toxicity.
Acceptance of Recommendations by Inpatient Pharmacy Case Managers: Unintended Consequences of Hospitalist and Specialist Care
Authors: Anderegg Sammuel V. , DeMik David E. , Carter Barry L. , Dawson Jeffrey D. , Farris Karen , Shelsky Constance , Kaboli Peter 
Published: January 2013

Study ObjectiveTo determine whether recommendations made by pharmacists and accepted by hospital physicians resulted in fewer postdischarge readmissions and urgent care visits compared with recommendations that were not implemented.DesignProspective substudy of pharmacist recommendations.SettingTertiary care academic medical center and private community‐based physician practices and community pharmacies.PatientsA total of 192 patients aged 18 years or older who were a subsample of a randomized, prospective study, who were admitted with a previous diagnosis of one of nine cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases or diabetes mellitus or had received oral anticoagulation therapy and who were discharged to community‐based care provided by private physicians and community pharmacists.Measurements and Main ResultsPharmacy case managers performed evaluations for patients and made recommendations to inpatient physicians. Patients received drug therapy counseling, a drug therapy list, and a wallet card at discharge. Data were collected from patients and private physicians for 90 days after discharge. Pharmacy case managers made 546 recommendations to inpatient physicians for 187 patients (97%). Overall, 260 (48%) of the 546 recommendations were accepted. The acceptance rate was lower for patients who had an urgent care visit compared with the other patients (33.6% vs 52.2%, p=0.033). High acceptance rates were noted for updating the record after medication reconciliation (36 patients [78%]) and when there was an actual allergy (2 [100%] of 2 patients) or medication error (2 [100%] of 2 patients). Physicians were less likely to accept recommendations related to drug indications (p<0.001), drug efficacy (p=0.041), and therapeutic drug and disease state monitoring (p=0.011). Recommendations made for patients with a relatively greater number of drugs were also less likely to be accepted (p=0.003).ConclusionRecommendations to reconcile medications or address actual drug allergies or medication errors were frequently accepted. However, only 48% of all recommendations were accepted by inpatient physicians, and there was no impact on health care use 90 days after discharge. This study suggests that recommendations by pharmacy case managers were underused, and the low acceptance rate may have reduced the potential to avoid readmissions.
Unexpected efficiency of cyclic amidine catalysts in depolymerizing poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Fukushima Kazuki , Coady Daniel J. , Jones Gavin O. , Almegren Hamid A. , Alabdulrahman Abdullah M. , Alsewailem Fares D. , Horn Hans W. , Rice Julia E. , Hedrick James L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article describes studies on the catalytic activity of several nitrogen‐based organic catalysts for the depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), in which a few cyclic amidines work more effectively than a potent, bifunctional guanidine‐based catalyst 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo‐[4,4,0]‐dec‐5‐ene (TBD) in the presence of short chain diols that play a role in activation of carbonyl groups through hydrogen bonding. Further studies prove that the catalytic efficiency at the above specific conditions depends only on the extent of activation of a hydroxyl group rather than simply the pKa of the bases. For glycolysis with excess short‐chain alkanediols, 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene is the best catalyst. In contrast, TBD shows outstanding catalytic activity in depolymerizations of PET with mono‐alcohols and longer‐chain diols. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Combustion Characteristics of Ammonium Nitrate and Carbon Mixtures Based on a Thermal Decomposition Mechanism
Authors: Izato Yu‐ichiro , Miyake Atsumi , Date Shingo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn order to obtain a better understanding of the combustion characteristics of ammonium nitrate (AN) and carbon (C) mixtures (AN/C), burning tests and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were performed. AN mixed with carbon that is oxidized by nitric acid (HNO3), such as activated carbon (AC), burned at 1 MPa. However, AN mixed with carbon that is not oxidized by HNO3, such as graphite, did not burn under 7 MPa. Compositions with more than stoichiometric amounts of activated carbon had higher burning rates. Heat characteristic examinations found a similar trend. The burning rate of AN/AC mixed with CuO as a combustion catalyst deteriorated faster than an additive‐free one. From the DSC result, AN/AC/CuO had a higher onset temperature and a lower heat of reaction than AN/AC. These results suggested that, in the combustion wave of AN/C, a thermal decomposition zone is formed on the burning surface, and combustion performance was affected by the thermal decomposition of AN/C.
Impulse Plug Measurements of Blast Reflected Impulse at Close Range
Authors: Nansteel Mark W. , Veldman Roger L. , Chen Charles Chih‐Tsai , Lawrence William 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA series of blast tests is described in which blast impulse is measured by an impulse plug technique for spherical explosive charges. In this approach the reflected blast impulse delivered to a hardened bullet‐shaped steel plug is determined from a measurement of the plug terminal momentum. Plug velocity is measured by a high‐speed, high‐resolution video camera operating at 20,000 frames per second. Spherical C4 charges are studied for varying charge weight and charge‐to‐plug standoff distance. Tested standoffs include the demanding near‐field blast zone within which pressure measurement by transducer is extremely difficult or impossible. Results are compared with previous studies made using transducer and impulse plug methods for both C4 and Pentolite charges. The present data for half‐pound C4 charges are in good agreement with much earlier impulse plug data for spherical Pentolite in the near‐field region, however, differences of up to 26 % are noted with more recent transducer measurements for C4 just beyond the near‐field zone. Test results are also compared with hydro‐code simulations of the plug response.
Constituting Identities That Challenge the Contemporary Discourse: Power, Discourse, Experience, and Emotion
Authors: MELVILLE WAYNE , BARTLEY ANTHONY 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, we use a narrative methodology to understand the work of three teachers who have constituted identities that have allowed them to challenge the contemporary discourse of science education. We describe how teachers’ evolving identities have been constituted through their responses to the discourses and situations of their work and their emotional response to these experiences. A Foucauldian analysis of the data indicates three important conclusions. The first is the need for, or development of, an environment that immerses teachers in discourse that allows, and actively supports, classroom practices that challenge the contemporary discourse. A key component of such discourse is an awareness of the emotional aspects of teaching. The second conclusion is the potential power of the mandated curriculum to legitimize, for teachers, discourses that challenge the contemporary discourse. Third, individual teachers may lack the power necessary to establish discourse environments that fully capitalize on their potential influence within the infrastructure of pedagogical science. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 97:171–190, 2013
In‐situ characterization of aqueous‐based hafnium oxide hydroxide sulfate thin films
Authors: Flynn Brendan , Kim Daeho , Clark Benjamin L. , Telecky Alan , Arnadottir Liney , Szanyi Janos , Keszler Douglas A. , Herman Gregory S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe dehydration of hafnium oxide hydroxide sulfate thin films was studied using temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Films were found to desorb water up to 750 K with a maximum desorption rate at ~480 K. Carbon dioxide desorption was also observed in TPD measurements, which was related to contamination of precursor solutions and/or films by CO2 from the atmosphere. The O 1s spectra obtained for in‐situ annealed samples were fit with three components corresponding to Hf‐O, hydroxyl groups, and sulfate groups. Water TPD measurements from the dehydrated surface indicate the presence of two desorption states corresponding to molecularly and dissociatively adsorbed water. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A scan statistic for identifying optimal risk windows in vaccine safety studies using self‐controlled case series design
Authors: Xu Stanley , Hambidge Simon J. , McClure David L. , Daley Matthew F. , Glanz Jason M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn the examination of the association between vaccines and rare adverse events after vaccination in postlicensure observational studies, it is challenging to define appropriate risk windows because prelicensure RCTs provide little insight on the timing of specific adverse events. Past vaccine safety studies have often used prespecified risk windows based on prior publications, biological understanding of the vaccine, and expert opinion. Recently, a data‐driven approach was developed to identify appropriate risk windows for vaccine safety studies that use the self‐controlled case series design. This approach employs both the maximum incidence rate ratio and the linear relation between the estimated incidence rate ratio and the inverse of average person time at risk, given a specified risk window. In this paper, we present a scan statistic that can identify appropriate risk windows in vaccine safety studies using the self‐controlled case series design while taking into account the dependence of time intervals within an individual and while adjusting for time‐varying covariates such as age and seasonality. This approach uses the maximum likelihood ratio test based on fixed‐effects models, which has been used for analyzing data from self‐controlled case series design in addition to conditional Poisson models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in human placental oxygenation during maternal hyperoxia estimated by blood oxygen level‐dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI)
Authors: Sørensen A. , Peters D. , Fründ E. , Lingman G. , Christiansen O. , Uldbjerg N. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate changes in human placental oxygenation during maternal hyperoxia using non‐invasive blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsEight healthy pregnant women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at gestational weeks 28–36 were examined with BOLD MRI, over two consecutive 5‐min periods of different oxygenation: first normoxia (21% O2) and then hyperoxia (12 L O2/min), achieved by controlling the maternal oxygen supply with a non‐rebreather facial mask. Selecting three slices showing cross‐sections of the central part of the placenta, we investigated total placental oxygenation by drawing regions of interest (ROIs) covering the entire placenta, and regional placental oxygenation by drawing smaller ROIs in the darker and brighter areas of the placenta. For each ROI, the difference in BOLD signal between the two episodes was determined and the percentage increase in BOLD signal during hyperoxia (ΔBOLD) was calculated.ResultsIn the BOLD image, the normoxic placenta appeared heterogeneous, with darker areas located to the fetal side and brighter areas to the maternal side. During hyperoxia, the placenta became brighter and the structure more homogeneous, and the BOLD signal of the total placenta increased (ΔBOLDtot, 15.2 ± 3.2% (mean ± SD), P < 0.0001). The increase was seen predominantly in the dark areas in the fetal part of the placenta (ΔBOLDfet, 32.1 ± 9.3%) compared with in the bright areas in the maternal part of the placenta (ΔBOLDmat, 5.4 ± 3.5%).ConclusionDuring hyperoxia, placental oxygenation was increased predominantly in the darker placental areas, which, given their anatomical location, represent the fetal circulation of the placenta. To our knowledge, this is the first study to successfully visualize changes in placental oxygenation using BOLD MRI. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Uterine artery Doppler and sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio: usefulness in diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Gómez‐Arriaga P. I. , Herraiz I. , López‐Jiménez E. A. , Gómez‐Montes E. , Denk B. , Galindo A. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the usefulness of the mean pulsatility index of the uterine arteries (mPI‐UtA) and automated measurement of the soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt‐1)/placental growth factor (PlGF) ratio on suspicion or at diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia (PE).MethodsPatients with singleton pregnancies with PE (n = 60) diagnosed according to current recommendations, or with suspected PE (n = 32) defined by (1) blood pressure (BP) ≥ 160/100 mmHg, (2) BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg or proteinuria, together with suggestive clinical symptoms or (3) intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) at < 34 + 0 weeks, were enrolled and mPI‐UtA and the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio were measured. Values > 95th centile were considered abnormal. All cases were classified according to occurrence of PE and/or IUGR and subclassified, depending on gestational age at delivery, as early (< 34 + 0 weeks) or late (≥ 34 + 0 weeks).ResultsPE was confirmed in 72 cases, in which 32 early deliveries occurred. Isolated IUGR was diagnosed in nine early cases and one late case, while the remaining 10 cases were late deliveries without PE or IUGR. In pregnancies in which PE and IUGR were excluded, mPI‐UtA was abnormal in 40% but the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio was normal in 100%. In early PE, mPI‐UtA at diagnosis was abnormal in 100% of cases with IUGR and in 91% without IUGR, while sFlt‐1/PlGF was abnormal in 100% and 96%, respectively. In late PE, mPI‐UtA was abnormal in 50% and 37% of cases with and without IUGR while the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio was abnormal in 50% and 26%, respectively.ConclusionAbnormal mPI‐UtA and sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio are common in early PE. In late PE, mPI‐UtA is normal in most cases and thus not diagnostically useful. The sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio shows high specificity but low sensitivity to confirm PE when suspected. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Solid‐phase preconcentration and determination of mercury(II) using activated carbon in drinking water by X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Aranda Pedro R. , Colombo Leandro , Perino Ernesto , De Vito Irma E. , Raba Julio 
Published: January 2013

A novel and simple method was developed for the preconcentration and determination of mercury(II) from hydrochloric acid solutions through their adsorption on Aliquat 336 (tri‐octylmethylammonium chloride)‐activated carbon. The determinations were made directly on the solid by X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry, which had the advantage of eliminating the step of elution of the mercury retained.This preconcentration system enabled the determination of Hg(II) in drinking water samples at µg l−1 levels. A 1700‐fold enrichment factor was obtained. The described methodology showed excellent reproducibility, accuracy, and detection limits improvement by eliminating the step of elution of the analyte, replacing those methods based on cold vapor generation, reducing reagent consumption, and handling of samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TG13 flowchart for the management of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis
Authors: Miura Fumihiko , Takada Tadahiro , Strasberg Steven M. , Solomkin Joseph S. , Pitt Henry A. , Gouma Dirk J. , Garden O. James , Büchler Markus W. , Yoshida Masahiro , Mayumi Toshihiko , Okamoto Kohji , Gomi Harumi , Kusachi Shinya , Kiriyama Seiki , Yokoe Masamichi , Kimura Yasutoshi , Higuchi Ryota , Yamashita Yuichi , Windsor John A. , Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Gabata Toshifumi , Itoi Takao , Hata Jiro , Liau Kui‐Hin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe propose a management strategy for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis according to the severity assessment. For Grade I (mild) acute cholangitis, initial medical treatment including the use of antimicrobial agents may be sufficient for most cases. For non‐responders to initial medical treatment, biliary drainage should be considered. For Grade II (moderate) acute cholangitis, early biliary drainage should be performed along with the administration of antibiotics. For Grade III (severe) acute cholangitis, appropriate organ support is required. After hemodynamic stabilization has been achieved, urgent endoscopic or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage should be performed. In patients with Grade II (moderate) and Grade III (severe) acute cholangitis, treatment for the underlying etiology including endoscopic, percutaneous, or surgical treatment should be performed after the patient's general condition has been improved. In patients with Grade I (mild) acute cholangitis, treatment for etiology such as endoscopic sphincterotomy for choledocholithiasis might be performed simultaneously, if possible, with biliary drainage. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the first‐line treatment in patients with Grade I (mild) acute cholecystitis while in patients with Grade II (moderate) acute cholecystitis, delayed/elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy after initial medical treatment with antimicrobial agent is the first‐line treatment. In non‐responders to initial medical treatment, gallbladder drainage should be considered. In patients with Grade III (severe) acute cholecystitis, appropriate organ support in addition to initial medical treatment is necessary. Urgent or early gallbladder drainage is recommended. Elective cholecystectomy can be performed after the improvement of the acute inflammatory process.
TG13 miscellaneous etiology of cholangitis and cholecystitis
Authors: Higuchi Ryota , Takada Tadahiro , Strasberg Steven M. , Pitt Henry A. , Gouma Dirk J. , Garden O. James , Büchler Markus W. , Windsor John A. , Mayumi Toshihiko , Yoshida Masahiro , Miura Fumihiko , Kimura Yasutoshi , Okamoto Kohji , Gabata Toshifumi , Hata Jiro , Gomi Harumi , Supe Avinash N. , Jagannath Palepu , Singh Harijt , Kim Myung‐Hwan , Hilvano Serafin C. , Ker Chen‐Guo , Kim Sun‐Whe 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper describes typical diseases and morbidities classified in the category of miscellaneous etiology of cholangitis and cholecystitis. The paper also comments on the evidence presented in the Tokyo Guidelines for the management of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis (TG 07) published in 2007 and the evidence reported subsequently, as well as miscellaneous etiology that has not so far been touched on. (1) Oriental cholangitis is the type of cholangitis that occurs following intrahepatic stones and is frequently referred to as an endemic disease in Southeast Asian regions. The characteristics and diagnosis of oriental cholangitis are also commented on. (2) TG 07 recommended percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with cholestasis (many of the patients have obstructive jaundice or acute cholangitis and present clinical signs due to hilar biliary stenosis or obstruction). However, the usefulness of endoscopic naso‐biliary drainage has increased along with the spread of endoscopic biliary drainage procedures. (3) As for biliary tract infections in patients who underwent biliary tract surgery, the incidence rate of cholangitis after reconstruction of the biliary tract and liver transplantation is presented. (4) As for primary sclerosing cholangitis, the frequency, age of predilection and the rate of combination of inflammatory enteropathy and biliary tract cancer are presented. (5) In the case of acalculous cholecystitis, the frequency of occurrence, causative factors and complications as well as the frequency of gangrenous cholecystitis, gallbladder perforation and diagnostic accuracy are included in the updated Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13).