bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometric morphometrics of corolla shape: dissecting components of symmetric and asymmetric variation inErysimum mediohispanicum(Brassicaceae)
Authors: Savriama Yoland , Gómez José María , Perfectti Francisco , Klingenberg Christian Peter 
Published: September 2012

SummarySymmetry is an important feature of floral structure, and floral symmetries are diverse and often complex. We use a new morphometric approach for analysing shapes with complex types of symmetry, which partitions shape variation into a component of symmetric variation and different components of asymmetry. This approach, based on the mathematical theory of symmetry groups, can be used for landmark configurations with any type of symmetry and is therefore promising as a general framework for morphometric analyses of floral symmetry and asymmetry.We demonstrate this approach by quantifying floral shape variation in a wild population ofErysimum mediohispanicum(Brassicaceae). Flowers of this species are disymmetric, so that the symmetry in the left–right and adaxial–abaxial directions can be considered separately and in combination.Both principal component analysis and ProcrustesANOVAindicate that symmetric variation accounts for most of the total variance and that adaxial–abaxial asymmetry is the dominant component of fluctuating asymmetry. Each component is associated with specific patterns of shape variation.These results illustrate the potential of the new method and suggest new areas for future research. The new morphometric approach is promising for further analyses of floral symmetry and asymmetry in evolutionary and developmental contexts.
Evaluation of ifosfamide salvage therapy for metastatic canine osteosarcoma
Authors: Batschinski K. , Dervisis N. G. , Kitchell B. E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA retrospective study was performed to assess toxicity and response rate of ifosfamide salvage treatment for dogs diagnosed with metastatic osteosarcoma (OSA). Dogs diagnosed withOSAand previously treated with standard chemotherapy were included in the study. Nineteen dogs met the inclusion criteria, and 17 dogs were evaluable for response. Ifosfamide doses ranged from 375 to 425 mg m−2(median dose 375 mg m−2), with a median of two doses administered per dog (range 1–7 doses). The overall response to ifosfamide was 11.8% [complete response (CR) = 1/17, partial response (PR) = 1/17,stable disease (SD) = 2/17, progressive disease (PD) = 13/17]. Two dogs were hospitalized due to ifosfamide toxicosis. The median survival duration from the first dose of ifosfamide to death was 95 days. Ifosfamide was well tolerated, but minor anti‐tumour activity was observed.
What Was an Early Modern Public, and How Was It Made?
Authors: McKeon Michael 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOne argument of The Secret History of Domesticity is that there were two early modern publics, one traditional and one innovative; that the new concept of the public began to emerge when the authority of the old public, until then a matter of tacit belief, was subjected to explicit and rational analysis; and that the rationality of the new public depended on the simultaneous rise of an entirely new concept, the private. This argument responds at length to the central question raised by the Making Publics Project –“What was an early modern public, and how was it made?”– in ways that are pertinent to the work of MaPs, as can be seen in the stimulating essays gathered for this collection. The contributors have focused on a broad range of issues entailed in the hypothesis of a modern public, from political and religious history, social theory, historiography, and periodization to the history of civic architecture, gender and domesticity, drama, and the aesthetic, principally in England but also in fourteenth‐century Italy and the seventeenth‐century Dutch Republic. This comparative dimension enhances and deepens the developing coherence, within English culture, of the category of the modern.
Publishing the Private in Dutch Comic Culture
Authors: Vanhaelen Angela 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis essay takes up one of Michael McKeon’s key analytical concepts – explicitation – and assesses how this historical process operated in Dutch cultural history. The paper traces alterations to the form and functions of a stock theme from carnival and festive life: the battle between a hen‐pecked husband and his domineering wife about who will wear the pants in their household. Over the course of several centuries, the battle for the pants underwent significant changes as it migrated from the carnival to the civic theatre and then became a bestselling printed picture story. These shifts in medium make public, or explicit, complex debates about the interconnected redefinition of sexuality, domesticity and public life. Especially important to an understanding of how this popular comic trope functioned within larger historical processes is McKeon’s insight that social order increasingly was determined by the moral behaviour of private individuals, rather than by a higher, a priori cosmic order. While McKeon takes English culture as a representative sample to analyse the disembedding of the private from the public sphere, my tracking of the furious struggle for the pants over the longue durée explores the explicitation of domesticity as a battle fought out in the combat zone of Dutch comic culture.
Publicity and Privacy in Early Modern Europe: Reflections on Michael Mckeon’s The Secret History of Domesticity
Authors: Cowan Brian , Yetter Leigh 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe eleven essays in this special collection on “Publicity and Privacy in Early Modern Europe” engage with the arguments of Michael McKeon’s The Secret History of Domesticity: Public, Private and the Division of Knowledge (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2005) from the perspective of the making of early modern publics. The essays emerged out of the work of an interdisciplinary collaborative research project entitled ‘Making Publics: Media, Markets and Association in Early Modern Europe, 1500–1700’ (MaPs). They demonstrate that the history of publicity and the history of privacy must be considered together, and as part of the continuing relationship of lived experience and the imagination.
Lamotrigine ameliorates seizures and psychiatric comorbidity in a rat model of spontaneous absence epilepsy
Authors: Huang Hsin‐Yi , Lee Hsiao‐Wei , Chen Shang‐Der , Shaw Fu‐Zen 
Published: September 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Lamotrigine (LTG) is an effective clinical treatment for epilepsy associated with absence seizures. However, the impact of LTG administration in studies employing various animal models of epilepsy remains controversial. This study aimed to clarify the outcomes of LTG treatment on absence seizures and comorbid anxiety and depression disorders in Long‐Evans rats with spontaneous spike‐wave discharges (SWDs).Methods:  LTG (10 mg/kg) or water vehicle was chronically administered perorally to Long‐Evans rats (twice daily for 35 days). Cortical activities were recorded to assess the presence of SWDs. Five behavioral tests, including the open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM), sucrose consumption (SC), sucrose preference, and forced swimming (FS) tests, were performed after LTG/vehicle treatment. The behavioral indexes of these tests were designed to assess anxiety (OF and EPM tests), depression (SC and FS tests), and preference for hedonistic stimuli (sugar preference test).Key Findings:  Total SWD duration, SWD number, and mean SWD duration were significantly decreased in rats that received 35‐day LTG treatment compared with rats that received vehicle treatment. Rats with spontaneous SWDs versus rats with no SWDs showed significant levels of anxiety and depression in the OF, EPM, and SC tests. Rats with SWDs also showed longer immobility in the FS test. However, the LTG‐treated group compared with the vehicle group presented with significantly lower manifestations of anxiety and depression in the OF, EPM, SC, and sucrose preference tests and shorter immobility in the FS test.Significance:  The results of this study suggest that chronic LTG treatment can benefit patients with epilepsy via suppression of absence seizures and amelioration of comorbid anxiety and depression.
“Things Chinese” in Italian Museum Displays: Exploring Visibility
Authors: Carbone Iside 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis article examines how displays of artifacts work as materialized representations of cultural identities. In particular, I consider how the treatment of Chinese and Chinese‐inspired artifacts in Italian museums is linked to the history and features of the museums themselves. The main factors that affect how these objects are perceived and displayed can be summarized as the degree of harmonization of the artifacts with the rest of the display; the bond between the museum and its geographical and sociocultural settings; the role and status of the museum; curatorial policy and agenda; and the availability of space, staff, and funds. In all cases, the engagement of the exhibits with these elements determines the approach toward ideas of China embodying the sense of history, memory, and identity that each venue aims at conveying. [China, Italy, museums, identity, perception, representation]
Destruction of star clusters due to the radial migration in spiral galaxies
Authors: Fujii M. S. , Baba J. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Most stars in galactic discs are believed to be born as a member of star clusters or associations. Star clusters formed in discs are disrupted due to the tidal stripping and the evolution of star clusters themselves, and as a result new stars are supplied to the galactic discs. We performed N-body simulations of star clusters in galactic discs, in which both star clusters and galactic discs are modelled as N-body (‘live’) systems, and as a consequence the discs form transient and recurrent spiral arms. In such non- steady spiral arms, star clusters migrate radially due to the interaction with spiral arms. We found that the migration time-scale is a few hundred Myr and that the angular momentum changes of star clusters are at most ∼50 per cent in 1 Gyr. Radial migration of star clusters to the inner region of galaxies results in a fast disruption of the star clusters because of a stronger tidal field in the inner region of the galaxy. This effect is not negligible for the disruption time-scale of star clusters in galactic discs. Stars stripped from clusters form tidal tails which spread over 1–2 kpc. While the spatial distribution of tidal tails changes in a complicated way due to the non-steady spiral arms, the velocity distribution conserves well even if the tidal tails are located at a few kpc from their parent clusters. Tidal tails of clusters in galactic discs might be detected using velocity plots.
Effects of Light‐emitting Diode Radiations on Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells In Vitro
Authors: Chamorro Eva , Bonnin‐Arias Cristina , Pérez‐Carrasco María Jesús , de Luna Javier Muñoz , Vázquez Daniel , Sánchez‐Ramos Celia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHuman visual system is exposed to high levels of natural and artificial lights of different spectra and intensities along lifetime. Light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are the basic lighting components in screens of PCs, phones and TV sets; hence it is so important to know the implications of LED radiations on the human visual system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LEDs radiations on human retinal pigment epithelial cells (HRPEpiC). They were exposed to three light–darkness (12 h/12 h) cycles, using blue‐468 nm, green‐525 nm, red‐616 nm and white light. Cellular viability of HRPEpiC was evaluated by labeling all nuclei with DAPI; Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by H2DCFDA staining; mitochondrial membrane potential was quantified by TMRM staining; DNA damage was determined by H2AX histone activation, and apoptosis was evaluated by caspases‐3,‐7 activation. It is shown that LED radiations decrease 75–99% cellular viability, and increase 66–89% cellular apoptosis. They also increase ROS production and DNA damage. Fluorescence intensity of apoptosis was 3.7% in nonirradiated cells and 88.8%, 86.1%, 83.9% and 65.5% in cells exposed to white, blue, green or red light, respectively. This study indicates three light–darkness (12 h/12 h) cycles of exposure to LED lighting affect in vitro HRPEpiC.
Effects of PAR and UV‐B Radiation on Herbal Yield, Bioactive Compounds and Their Antioxidant Capacity of Some Medicinal Plants Under Controlled Environmental Conditions
Authors: Manukyan Artur 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPhotosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and Ultraviolet B (UV‐B) radiation are among the main environmental factors acting on herbal yield and biosynthesis of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of biologically effective UV‐B light (280–315 nm) and PAR (400–700 nm) on herbal yield, content and composition, as well as antioxidant capacity of essential oils and polyphenols of lemon catmint (Nepeta cataria L. f. citriodora), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) and sage (Salvia officinalis L.) under controlled greenhouse cultivation. Intensive UV‐B radiation (2.5 kJ m−2 d−1) influenced positively the herbal yield. The essential oil content and composition of studied herbs were mainly affected by PAR and UV‐B radiation. In general, additional low‐dose UV‐B radiation (1 kJ m−2d−1) was most effective for biosynthesis of polyphenols in herbs. Analysis of major polyphenolic compounds provided differences in sensitivity of main polyphenols to PAR and UV‐B radiation. Essential oils and polyphenol‐rich extracts of radiated herbs showed essential differences in antioxidant capacity by the ABTS system. Information from this study can be useful for herbal biomass and secondary metabolite production with superior quality under controlled environment conditions.
The molecular and enzymatic basis of bitter/non‐bitter flavor of citrus fruit: evolution of branch‐forming rhamnosyltransferases under domestication
Authors: Frydman Ahuva , Liberman Raya , Huhman David V. , Carmeli‐Weissberg Mira , Sapir‐Mir Maya , Ophir Ron , W. Sumner Lloyd , Eyal Yoram 
Published: September 2012

SummaryDomestication and breeding of citrus species/varieties for flavor and other characteristics, based on the ancestral species pummelo, mandarin and citron, has been an ongoing process for thousands of years. Bitterness, a desirable flavor characteristic in the fruit of some citrus species (pummelo and grapefruit) and undesirable in others (oranges and mandarins), has been under positive or negative selection during the breeding process of new species/varieties. Bitterness in citrus fruit is determined by the composition of branched‐chain flavanone glycosides, the predominant flavonoids in citrus. The flavor‐determining biosynthetic step is catalyzed by two branch‐forming rhamnosyltransferases that utilize flavanone‐7‐O‐glucose as substrate. The 1,2‐rhamnosytransferase (encoded by Cm1,2RhaT) leads to the bitter flavanone‐7‐O‐neohesperidosides whereas the 1,6‐rhamnosytransferase leads to the tastelessflavanone‐7‐O‐rutinosides. Here, we describe the functional characterization of Cs1,6RhaT, a 1,6‐rhamnosyltransferase‐encoding gene directing biosynthesis of the tasteless flavanone rutinosides common to the non‐bitter citrus species. Cs1,6RhaT was found to be a substrate‐promiscuous enzyme catalyzing branched‐chain rhamnosylation of flavonoids glucosylated at positions 3 or 7. In vivo substrates include flavanones, flavones, flavonols and anthocyanins. Cs1,6RhaT enzyme levels were shown to peak in young fruit and leaves, and gradually subside during development. Phylogenetic analysis of Cm1,2RhaT and Cs1,6RhaT demonstrated that they both belong to the branch‐forming glycosyltransferase cluster, but are distantly related and probably originated separately before speciation of the citrus genome. Genomic data from citrus, supported by a study of Cs1,6RhaT protein levels in various citrus species, suggest that inheritance, expression levels and mutations of branch‐forming rhamnosyltransferases underlie the development of bitter or non‐bitter species/varieties under domestication.
An enhanced reconstruction algorithm to extend CT scan field‐of‐view with z‐axis consistency constraint
Authors: Li Baojun , Deng Junjun , Lonn Albert H. , Hsieh Jiang 
Published: September 2012

Purpose:To further improve the image quality, in particularly, to suppress the boundary artifacts, in the extended scan field‐of‐view (SFOV) reconstruction.Methods:To combat projection truncation artifacts and to restore truncated objects outside the SFOV, an algorithm has previously been proposed based on fitting a partial water cylinder at the site of the truncation. Previous studies have shown this algorithm can simultaneously eliminate the truncation artifacts inside the SFOV and preserve the total amount of attenuation, owing to its emphasis on consistency conditions of the total attenuation in the parallel sampling geometry. Unfortunately, the water cylinder fitting parameters of this 2D algorithm are inclined to high noise fluctuation in the projection samples from image to image, causing anatomy boundaries artifacts, especially during helical scans with higher pitch (≥1.0). To suppress the boundary artifacts and further improve the image quality, the authors propose to use a roughness penalty function, based on the Huber regularization function, to reinforce the z‐dimensional boundary consistency. Extensive phantom and clinical tests have been conducted to test the accuracy and robustness of the enhanced algorithm.Results:Significant reduction in the boundary artifacts is observed in both phantom and clinical cases with the enhanced algorithm. The proposed algorithm also reduces the percent difference error between the horizontal and vertical diameters to well below 1%. It is also noticeable that the algorithm has improved CT number uniformity outside the SFOV compared to the original algorithm.Conclusions:The proposed algorithm is capable of suppressing boundary artifacts and improving the CT number uniformity outside the SFOV.
Hedgehog Signaling Blockade Delays Hepatocarcinogenesis Induced by Hepatitis B Virus X Protein
Authors: Arzumanyan Alla , Sambandam Vaishnavi , Clayton Marcia M. , Choi Steve S. , Xie Guanhua , Diehl Anna Mae , Yu Dae-Yeul , Feitelson Mark A. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) encoded X protein (HBx) contributes centrally to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has been linked to many tumor types including HCC. Thus, experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that HBx promotes HCC via activation of Hh signaling. HBx expression correlated with an upregulation of Hh markers in human liver cancer cell lines, in liver samples from HBV infected patients with HCC, and in the livers of HBx transgenic mice (HBxTg) that develop hepatitis, steatosis, and dysplasia, culminating in the appearance of HCC. The findings in human samples provide clinical validation for the in vitro results and those in the HBxTg. Blockade of Hh signaling inhibited HBx stimulation of cell migration, anchorage-independent growth, tumor development in HBxTg, and xenograft growth in nude mice. Results suggest that the ability of HBx to promote cancer is at least partially dependent upon the activation of the Hh pathway. This study provides biologic evidence for the role of Hh signaling in the pathogenesis of HBV-mediated HCC and suggests cause and effect for the first time. The observation that inhibition of Hh signaling partially blocked the ability of HBx to promote growth and migration in vitro and tumorigenesis in two animal models implies that Hh signaling may represent an “oncogene addiction” pathway for HBV-associated HCC. This work could be central to designing specific treatments that target early development and progression of HBx-mediated HCC. Cancer Res; 72(22); 5912–20. ©2012 AACR.
Galectin-3 Contributes to Melanoma Growth and Metastasis via Regulation of NFAT1 and Autotaxin
Authors: Braeuer Russell R. , Zigler Maya , Kamiya Takafumi , Dobroff Andrey S. , Huang Li , Choi Woonyoung , McConkey David J. , Shoshan Einav , Mobley Aaron K. , Song Renduo , Raz Avraham , Bar-Eli Menashe 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer in which patients with metastatic disease have a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Recently, the overexpression of a β-galactoside binding protein, galectin-3 (LGALS3), has been correlated with metastatic melanoma in patients. We have previously shown that silencing galectin-3 in metastatic melanoma cells reduces tumor growth and metastasis. Gene expression profiling identified the protumorigenic gene autotaxin (ENPP2) to be downregulated after silencing galectin-3. Here we report that galectin-3 regulates autotaxin expression at the transcriptional level by modulating the expression of the transcription factor NFAT1 (NFATC2). Silencing galectin-3 reduced NFAT1 protein expression, which resulted in decreased autotaxin expression and activity. Reexpression of autotaxin in galectin-3 silenced melanoma cells rescues angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis in vivo. Silencing NFAT1 expression in metastatic melanoma cells inhibited tumor growth and metastatic capabilities in vivo. Our data elucidate a previously unidentified mechanism by which galectin-3 regulates autotaxin and assign a novel role for NFAT1 during melanoma progression. Cancer Res; 72(22); 5757–66. ©2012 AACR.
Pediatric Phase I Trial and Pharmacokinetic Study of MLN8237, an Investigational Oral Selective Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Aurora Kinase A: A Children's Oncology Group Phase I Consortium Study
Authors: Mossé Yael P. , Lipsitz Emily , Fox Elizabeth , Teachey David T. , Maris John M. , Weigel Brenda , Adamson Peter C. , Ingle Mark A. , Ahern Charlotte H. , Blaney Susan M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose: MLN8237, a selective small-molecule inhibitor of Aurora kinase A, has activity in a broad range of preclinical pediatric cancer models. We conducted a phase I trial in children with refractory/recurrent solid tumors to define the maximum-tolerated dose, toxicities, and pharmacokinetic properties of MLN8237.Experimental Design: MLN8237 was administered orally either once daily or divided twice daily for seven days, every 21 days. Using a rolling-six design, four dose levels (45, 60, 80, and 100 mg/m2/day) were evaluated on the once-daily schedule, and two dose levels (60 and 80 mg/m2/d) on the twice-daily schedule. Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted with the initial dose and trough drug concentrations also measured at the steady state.Results: Thirty-seven patients were enrolled. On the once-daily dosing schedule, myelosuppression was dose limiting in three of four patients at 100 mg/m2, and one of six patients had dose-limiting mood alteration at 80 mg/m2. At 45 mg/m2, one of six patients experienced dose-limiting mucositis. Mucositis and myelosuppression were dose limiting at 80 mg/m2 on the twice-daily schedule, and one of five patients at 60 mg/m2 on the twice-daily schedule experienced a dose-limiting alkaline phosphatase. Five of 11 patients experienced hand–foot–skin syndrome with twice-daily dosing versus one of 21 after once-daily dosing. There was one partial response and six with prolonged stable disease among 33 evaluable subjects.Conclusion: The twice-daily dose regimen is well tolerated in adults; however, children experienced a greater frequency of myelosuppression and hand–foot–skin syndrome on this schedule. Children tolerated a higher dose and the recommended pediatric phase II dose is 80 mg/m2/d once daily for seven days. Clin Cancer Res; 18(21); 6058–64. ©2012 AACR.