bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of sevoflurane postconditioning on cell death, inflammation and TLR expression in human endothelial cells exposed to LPS
Authors: Rodríguez-González Raquel , Baluja Aurora , Veiras Del Río Sonia , Rodríguez Alfonso , Rodríguez Jaime , Taboada Manuel , Brea David , Álvarez Julián 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundSevoflurane is an anesthetic agent which also participates in protective mechanisms in sepsis, likely due to anti-inflammatory properties. A key tissue in sepsis is the endothelium, which expresses TLR2 and TLR4 receptors, known regulators of inflammatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for this pathology. In this context, we explored the effect of sevoflurane postconditioning in anin vitrosepsis model.MethodsPrimary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used for two different experiments. In the first set, cultures were placed in an airtight incubation chamber and exposed to different concentrations of sevoflurane (0,1,3 or 7% vol,) for 1 hour. In the second set, lipopolysaccharide fromEscherichia coli0111:B4 (1 μg/mL) was added to culture medium for 3 hours and cells were subsequently exposed to sevoflurane (0,1,3 or 7% vol,) for 1 hour as explained before. In both cases, cell viability was measured by MTT and Trypan blue assays, TLR2 and TLR4 expression were analyzed by flow cytometry, and TNFα and IL-6 levels were quantified in cell culture media by an immunoassay immediately after exposure, at 6 and 24 hours.ResultsExposure to 3% sevoflurane decreased TLR2 at 24 hours and TLR4 at 6 and 24 hours (both p<0.05), whereas exposure to 7% decreased TLR4 expression at 6 hours (p<0.05). Both 3 and 7% sevoflurane decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels at 24 hours (both p<0.05). In LPS-stimulated cultures, exposure to 3% sevoflurane was cytoprotective at 6 and 24 hours (p<0.05) compared with control, and decreased TLR2 and TLR4 expression at 24 hours (p<0.05); whereas 7% decreased TLR4 expression at 24 hours (p<0.05). Both 3% and 7% sevoflurane decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels at 24 hours (both p<0.05).ConclusionsPostconditioning with the halogenated anesthetic agent sevoflurane after LPS stimulation shows a cytoprotective effect in anin vitromodel, decreasing cell death and reducing TLR2 and TLR4 expression as well as levels of the inflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-6 in human endothelial cells.
Electroacupuncture Improves Thermal and Mechanical Sensitivities in a Rat Model of Postherpetic Neuralgia
Authors: Wu Cai-hua , Lv Zheng-tao , Zhao Yin , Gao Yan , Li Jia-qing , Gao Fang , Meng Xian-fang , Tian Bo , Shi Jing , Pan Hui-lin , Li Man 
Published: April 2013

Background Electroacupuncture (EA) is effective in relieving pain in patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). However, the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of EA in PHN is still unclear. Systemic injection of resiniferatoxin (RTX), an ultrapotent analog of TRPV1 agonist, in adult rats can reproduce the clinical symptoms of PHN by ablating TRPV1-expressing sensory neurons. In this study, we determined the beneficial effect of EA and the potential mechanisms in this rat model of PHN. Methods PHN was induced in rats by a single injection of RTX. Thermal hyperalgesia was tested with a radiant heat stimulus, and mechanical allodynia was quantified with von Frey filaments. TRPV1 receptors were shown by using immunofluorescence labeling. The ultrastructural changes of the sciatic nerve were assessed by electron microscopic examination. The sprouting of myelinated primary afferent terminals into the spinal dorsal horn was mapped by using the transganglionic tracer cholera toxin B-subunit (CTB). Results RTX injection diminished thermal sensitivity and gradually induced tactile allodynia within 3 weeks. EA applied to GB30 and GB34 at 2 and 15 Hz, but not 100 Hz, significantly increased the thermal sensitivity 4 weeks after treatment and decreased the tactile allodynia 2 weeks after treatment in RTX-treated rats. EA treatment at 2 and 15 Hz recovered the loss of TRPV1-positive dorsal root ganglion neurons and their central terminals of afferent fibers in the spinal superficial dorsal horn of RTX-treated rats. Moreover, EA significantly reduced the loss of unmyelinated fibers and the damage of the myelinated nerve fibers of RTX-treated rats. Furthermore, EA at 2 and 15 Hz inhibited the sprouting of myelinated primary afferent terminals into the spinal lamina II of RTX-treated rats. Conclusions EA treatment improves thermal perception by recovering TRPV1-positive sensory neurons and nerve terminals damaged by RTX. EA Also reduces RTX-induced tactile allodynia by attenuating the damage of myelinated afferent nerves and their abnormal sprouting into the spinal lamina II. Our study provides new information about the mechanisms of the therapeutic actions of EA in the treatment of PHN.
Temporal humidity variations in the heritage climate of South East England
Authors: Brimblecombe Peter 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Humidity is an extremely important parameter in the protection of cultural heritage. Despite this its climatology has not been frequently studied. A range of instruments have been available for many years, but until recently accurate measurement has been problematic. Assessing average humidity has been difficult because of the wide diurnal and annual variation and the sensitivity of the water content of the air to temperature. Observations at Gatwick and Heathrow since the middle of the 20th century suggest a decrease in relative humidity, which may be as much as 10% in the summer months by the end of the 21st century. Estimates of salt damage and stress in wood, caused by day-to-day fluctuations in humidity for the rest of this century, are difficult to predict because increased dispersion in daily values. A careful analysis of the data structure suggests these pressures may be relative constant, such that salt weathering by halite is likely to be fairly constant through the coming century. However, the problems with the data structure indicated the danger in using sequential daily values from the UKCP09 projections. Indoors, taking the Cartoon Gallery at Knole near Sevenoaks as an example, suggests conditions will be reasonably constant over time. However, maintaining a lower indoor humidity close to 50% would likely involve the removal of much larger amounts of water during dehumidification in the future.
Economic evaluation of the anti-stigma social marketing campaign in England 2009-2011
Authors: Evans-Lacko Sara , Henderson Claire , Thornicroft Graham , McCrone Paul 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundEvidence on the economic impact of social marketing antistigma campaigns in relation to people with mental illness is limited.AimsTo describe the economic impact of the Time to Change (TTC) anti-stigma social marketing campaign, including the potential effects on the wider economy.MethodData collected for the evaluation of TTC were combined with the social marketing campaign expenditure data to investigate differences in knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in relation to campaign awareness. To evaluate the return on investment, we applied a decision model that estimated the impact on employment for people with depression.ResultsBased on average national social marketing campaign costs, the economic benefits outweighed costs even if the campaign resulted in only 1% more people with depression accessing services and gaining employment if they experienced a health improvement The cost per person with improved intended behaviour was at most £4 if we assume the campaign was responsible for 50% of the change. Costs associated with improved knowledge and attitudes, however, were more variable.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the TTC anti-stigma social marketing campaign is a potentially cost-effective and low-cost intervention for reducing the impact of stigma on people with mental health problems.
Stationary Black Holes: Uniqueness and Beyond
Authors: Heusler Markus 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe spectrum of known black hole solutions to the stationary Einstein equations has increased in an unexpected way during the last decade. In particular, it has turned out that not all black hole equilibrium configurations are characterized by their mass, angular momentum and global charges. Moreover, the high degree of symmetry displayed by vacuum and electro-vacuum black hole space-times ceases to exist in self-gravitating non-linear field theories. This text aims to review some of the recent developments and to discuss them in the light of the uniqueness theorem for the Einstein-Maxwell system.
Time-Delay Interferometry
Authors: Tinto Massimo , Dhurandhar Sanjeev V. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEqual-arm interferometric detectors of gravitational radiation allow phase measurements many orders of magnitude below the intrinsic phase stability of the laser injecting light into their arms. This is because the noise in the laser light is common to both arms, experiencing exactly the same delay, and thus cancels when it is differenced at the photo detector. In this situation, much lower level secondary noises then set the overall performance. If, however, the two arms have different lengths (as will necessarily be the case with space-borne interferometers), the laser noise experiences different delays in the two arms and will hence not directly cancel at the detector. In order to solve this problem, a technique involving heterodyne interferometry with unequal arm lengths and independent phase-difference readouts has been proposed. It relies on properly time-shifting and linearly combining independent Doppler measurements, and for this reason it has been called Time-Delay Interferometry (TDI). This article provides an overview of the theory and mathematical foundations of TDI as it will be implemented by the forthcoming space-based interferometers such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission. We have purposely left out from this first version of our “Living Review” article on TDI all the results of more practical and experimental nature, as well as all the aspects of TDI that the data analysts will need to account for when analyzing the LISA TDI data combinations. Our forthcoming “second edition” of this review paper will include these topics.
Characteristic Evolution and Matching
Authors: Winicour Jeffrey 
Published: April 2013

AbstractI review the development of numerical evolution codes for general relativity based upon the characteristic initial-value problem. Progress in characteristic evolution is traced from the early stage of 1D feasibility studies to 2D-axisymmetric codes that accurately simulate the oscillations and gravitational collapse of relativistic stars and to current 3D codes that provide pieces of a binary black-hole spacetime. Cauchy codes have now been successful at simulating all aspects of the binary black-hole problem inside an artificially constructed outer boundary. A prime application of characteristic evolution is to extend such simulations to null infinity where the waveform from the binary inspiral and merger can be unambiguously computed. This has now been accomplished by Cauchy-characteristic extraction, where data for the characteristic evolution is supplied by Cauchy data on an extraction worldtube inside the artificial outer boundary. The ultimate application of characteristic evolution is to eliminate the role of this outer boundary by constructing a global solution via Cauchy-characteristic matching. Progress in this direction is discussed.
Oral Terbutaline in Replacement for Intravenous Dopamine in a Patient with End-Stage Heart Failure
Authors: Miles Adele , Shulan Andrew , Cheng Judy WM 
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE To describe the replacement of intravenous dopamine with oral terbutaline in a patient with American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association stage D heart failure (HF). CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old male was admitted for acute decompensated HF, which was successfully managed by aggressive diuresis and intravenous dopamine 3 μg/kg/min. Multiple attempts to taper dopamine to discontinuation led to hypotension and bradycardia. In view of his hemodynamic response to dopamine weaning, oral terbutaline 5 mg every 8 hours was recommended to replace intravenous dopamine. With the addition of terbutaline, the patient continued to be hemodynamically stable, and dopamine was successfully discontinued, allowing the patient to be discharged home. DISCUSSION Radioligand binding studies have shown that both β-1 and β-2 receptors exist in human myocardium. Terbutaline is a β-2 agonist available in oral dosage form. Small single-dose studies have demonstrated that terbutaline improved cardiac output and increased heart rate, either directly by its positive inotropic effect or indirectly by its pulmonary vasodilatory effect. There are no long-term efficacy and safety data on the use of oral terbutaline in the management of HF. However, in our case, in which symptomatic improvement and comfort measure were our main goals of therapy, the use of oral terbutaline allowed us to successfully discontinue dopamine and maintain hemodynamic stability. CONCLUSIONS The use of oral terbutaline to replace intravenous dopamine led to a successful maintenance of hemodynamic stability in a patient with advanced stage HF. To our knowledge, there have been no previous reports describing the use of oral terbutaline to replace intravenous inotropes for maintaining hemodynamic stability.
The Cursing Kit of Ushi no Koku Mairi
Authors: Murguia Salvador Jimenez 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
The practice of Ushi no Koku Mairi is a form of execration loosely associated with the premodern rituals of Onmyôdô, which is a form of esoteric cosmology incorporating Shinto, Buddhism and Taoism. Today, Ushi no Koku Mairi is a syncretic product of Japanese folklore, quasi-religious practice, and popular culture, whereby clients pay for a cursing kit equipped with several items and a manual designed to guide the client through the curse-casting ritual. In this article I examine various artifacts of these cursing kits and draw on their historical, religious, and pop cultural development in an interpretation of their origins, as well as how they were constructed for modern use. I also survey the ways these artifacts are used in a sociocultural context where interaction with and among them cultivates a transcendent experience.
A Critical Analysis of Disabilities Discourse in the Journal of Research in Music Education, 1990-2011
Authors: Dobbs Teryl L. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Employing a critical approach to discourse analysis (CDA), I apply four established models of disability to identify the models and discourses invoked in a set of 17 studies published in the Journal of Research in Music Education, 1990-2011: (a) the medical/deficit model, (b) the social model, (c) the theory of complex embodiment, and (d) the cultural model. I selected the Journal for my analysis because of its influence on scholarly discourses within the music education field. My findings suggest that together with three overarching discourses, the medical/functional/deficit model prevails throughout the dataset. In keeping with humanistic disability studies thinking, I explore the implications of the findings and the possibilities that alternate disabilities models hold for music education research and teaching.
La gestuelle du buveur dans le contexte festif andin (note de recherche)
Authors: Geffroy Céline 
Published: April 2013

La gestuelle du buveur présentée ici est issue d’un contexte festif et rituel andin dans lequel le buveur s’offre à tous à travers une gestuelle complexe, généralement reconnaissable comme celle d’une personne soûle, et qui évolue au fur et à mesure de l’ivresse. On peut diviser ces gestes en deux grandes catégories. D’une part, les buveurs opèrent des gestes égocentrés, une sorte de repli sur soi qui vise à protéger tant la personne que le groupe. D’autre part, la gestuelle s’ouvre : on parle alors de gestes allocentrés, orientés vers l’extérieur. Cela est notoire dans les mouvements involontaires du corps – dont le relâchement provoque une béance exhibant l’immonde et où l’intime devient visible – et dans les gestes liés aux offrandes et envers les défunts. Ils favorisent une chaîne de réciprocité et de communication avec les divinités et les morts.
Historische Bauwerksabdichtungen ‐ Traditionelle und neuzeitliche Maßnahmen zum Schutz gegen Bodenfeuchtigkeit und zur Trockenlegung feuchter Wände
Authors: Schmidt H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractZu den schwierigeren Problemen der Altbausanierung gehört die Trockenlegung feuchter Mauern, denn die Ursachen der Durchfeuchtung sind oft nur schwer zu lokalisieren, und die von der Bauindustrie angebotenen Materialien und Verfahren, die den Schaden beseitigen sollen, sind kaum noch zu überschauen. Daß das Problem nicht neu ist, zeigen die ausführlichen Hinweise Vitruvs zu diesem Thema. Die Ursache für kapillar aufsteigende Feuchtigkeit ist besonders bei alten Häusern zumeist die fehlende waagerechte Sperrschicht, die erst in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts ihren Eingang in die Bautechnik fand. Gleichzeitig mit der Verbesserung des prophylaktischen Feuchteschutzes wurden Produkte zur Trockenlegung feuchter Wände erfunden. Daß sie nur bedingt oder gar nicht tauglich waren, war erst im nachhinein zu erkennen.
Sicherheitskonzept für neue Normen ‐ ENV und DIN‐neu. Grundlagen und Hintergrundinformationen Teil 6: Regressionsanalyse
Authors: Fischer L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEin häufig angewendetes statistisches Werkzeug ist die Regression, die der Formulierung passabler Beziehungen zwischen dem Regressanden Y und dem Regressor X, kurz Regression von Y auf X genannt, dient. Der Unterschied zwischen den beobachteten Werten und den berechneten Werten sind die Residuen. Eine gute Näherung für die Regressionskoeffizienten werden mit der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate erhalten. Besonderheiten der Regressionsmodellierung sind Regression durch den Erwartungswert (einfache Regression) oder durch den Koordinatenursprung; Konfidenzintervall für die Regressionskoeffizienten; Konfidenzintervall für die einfache Regression an der Stelle x; Prognoseintervall für die einfache Regression an der Stelle x. Im Gegensatz zur einfachen Regression ist die multiple Regression die Regression von Y auf eine Anzahl von Variablen X.
Gastroschisis is a defect of the Umbilical ring: Evidence from Morphological evaluation of stillborn fetuses
Authors: Rittler Monica , Vauthay Liliana , Mazzitelli Nancy 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDGastroschisis (GS) is usually described as an abdominal wall defect, to the right of a normally inserted umbilical cord, without membraneous covering of the extruded organs. However, precise anatomical descriptions are lacking in the literature. Our aims were to provide evidence that allows reconsideration of its current definition, as well as an explanation for prenatal death, based on detailed observation of stillborn fetuses with GS and a review of the literature.METHODSPrenatal studies, clinical examinations, and histological findings of five stillborn fetuses with isolated GS are described and photographic evidence is provided.RESULTSIn all five cases, the umbilical cord was only attached to the left side of the umbilical ring, while the right side remained uncovered, allowing evisceration of abdominal organs. Histological evidence of mucoid‐like tissue at the free border of the ring suggests that at that site the cord was initially inserted and later detached. Characteristics of the umbilical ring, bowel dilatation, and autopsy findings of acute asphyxia strongly support compression of umbilical vessels as the cause of fetal death.CONCLUSIONSBased on these findings, on the lack of evidence in the literature demonstrating full‐thickness abdominal wall separating the defect from the umbilical cord, and on a critical review of the proposed mechanisms favoring the hypothesis of a defect separate from the umbilical ring, we propose that GS represents a failure in the normal attachment between umbilical cord and umbilical ring. The consistent clinical course of fetuses with prenatal demise suggests careful targeted monitoring during late gestation. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 97:198–209, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tetraamido‐oxacalix[4]arene Derivatives: Synthesis, Structures and Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Kong Lingwei , Ma Mingliang , Zhao Xiaoli , Liu Yahua , Mi Xianqiang , Jiang Biao , Wen Ke 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTetraamido‐oxacalix[4]arene derivatives have been synthesized via the reactions of tetraamino‐oxacalix[4]arene with excess butyryl chloride, octanoyl chloride, benzoyl chloride and p‐toluenesulfonyl chloride, respectively. 1H NMR results suggest that these oxacalix[4]arene derivatives preferentially adopt the 1,3‐alternate (saddle‐like) conformation in solution, which were also the case in the solid state as demonstrated by single crystal X‐ray analysis. A dimerized slipped capsule could be formed by tetra‐butyramido‐oxacalix[4]arene in the solid state via intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions under the assistance of two encapsulated methanol molecules. On the other hand, a molecular cavity was formed by tetra‐p‐toluenesulfonamido‐oxacalix[4]arene which can encapsulate a solvent molecule of ethyl acetate.
Label‐free Fluorescent Sensor for Probing Heparin‐Protein Interaction Based on Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Jia Lan , Xu Lingyun , Wang Zhaohui , Xu Jianping , Ji Jian 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this paper a label‐free fluorescent sensor for probing the interaction between heparin and protein was reported. Heparin, the bioactive polyanions, formed supramolecular assemblies with cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The environment‐dependent dye pyrene, encapsulated in hydrophobic interiors of the supramolecular assemblies worked as the fluorescence probe. Once the heparin‐binding protein was added, competing interactions of protein with heparin would weaken the interaction between CTAB and heparin. As a result, the noncovalently sequestered pyrene would be released upon disassembly and the fluorescence of the released pyrene was subsequently decreased. The binding events were exemplified by protamine and Tat peptide, these processes were also verified by DLS and TEM. Such a strategy is appealing as organic synthesis was traded off against supramolecular assembly. This label‐free fluorescent system is simple, selective, convenient, and can serve as a good complement to other existing methods, also this method has the potential for preprimary drug screening.
Modeling the performance of parallel applications using model selection techniques
Authors: Martínez D. R. , Blanco V. , Cabaleiro J. C. , Pena T. F. , Rivera F. F. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYNowadays, parallel architectures are changing so fast that there is a need for scalable and efficient tools to analyze and predict the performance of parallel applications. Analytical models are proved to be a useful approximation for characterizing parallel algorithms, but developing accurate analytical models is a hard issue, and, in general, they provide coarse performance predictions due to their intrinsic lack of accuracy. In this paper, we describe in detail the Tools for Instrumentation and Analysis (TIA) framework, an easy‐to‐use tool that automatically obtains accurate performance models by means of analytical expressions. This framework automatizes most of its internal tasks, reducing opportunities for human error, and it only requires the user to focus on the metrics and execution parameters that might influence the performance, those that should be considered in the modeling process. Its main advantage over other tools is that TIA uses model selection techniques that allow the automation of the modeling process. As a case of study, the use of TIA to obtain analytical models of different implementations of the broadcast collective communication in a cluster of multicores is shown. The results obtained by TIA are evaluated and compared with theoretical approaches based on the LogGP model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.