bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial light at night causes diapause inhibition and sex‐specific life history changes in a moth
Authors: van Geffen Koert G. , van Grunsven Roy H. A. , van Ruijven Jasper , Berendse Frank , Veenendaal Elmar M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRapidly increasing levels of light pollution subject nocturnal organisms to major alterations of their habitat, the ecological consequences of which are largely unknown. Moths are well‐known to be attracted to light at night, but effects of light on other aspects of moth ecology, such as larval development and life‐history, remain unknown. Such effects may have important consequences for fitness and thus for moth population sizes. To study the effects of artificial night lighting on development and life‐history of moths, we experimentally subjected Mamestra brassicae (Noctuidae) caterpillars to low intensity green, white, red or no artificial light at night and determined their growth rate, maximum caterpillar mass, age at pupation, pupal mass and pupation duration. We found sex‐specific effects of artificial light on caterpillar life‐history, with male caterpillars subjected to green and white light reaching a lower maximum mass, pupating earlier and obtaining a lower pupal mass than male caterpillars under red light or in darkness. These effects can have major implications for fitness, but were absent in female caterpillars. Moreover, by the time that the first adult moth from the dark control treatment emerged from its pupa (after 110 days), about 85% of the moths that were under green light and 83% of the moths that were under white light had already emerged. These differences in pupation duration occurred in both sexes and were highly significant, and likely result from diapause inhibition by artificial night lighting. We conclude that low levels of nocturnal illumination can disrupt life‐histories in moths and inhibit the initiation of pupal diapause. This may result in reduced fitness and increased mortality. The application of red light, instead of white or green light, might be an appropriate measure to mitigate negative artificial light effects on moth life history.
Integration of palaeohydrological proxies into a peatland model: a new tool for palaeoecological studies
Authors: Quillet Anne , Garneau Michelle , van Bellen Simon , Frolking Steve , Tuittila Eeva‐Stiina 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTo assess the response of northern peatlands to hydrological changes, we analysed the response of a model designed to simulate peatland development at a millennial timescale, the Holocene Peat Model, to two hydrological drivers. The study is performed on two open ombrotrophic peatlands located in the James Bay region in North‐eastern Canada. For both sites, two simulations were realized: one based on a precipitation reconstruction from pollen data, used as input in the model, and a second using a water‐table depth reconstruction derived from testate amoebae to apply a forcing on the model. Simulated variations in carbon accumulation rates (CARs) and vegetation composition were analysed against palaeoecological datasets.In both sites and for the two hydrological drivers, modelling results in CARs showed periods of net carbon loss that coincided with fluctuations in observed CARs, although net carbon loss cannot be traced in palaeoecological datasets per se. The comparison between plant macrofossil records and simulated vegetation distributions highlighted differences between precipitation and water‐table depth‐driven simulations. Thus, the methodology used was found useful to analyse the origin of vegetation shifts in macrofossil datasets. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International differences in clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes in acute heart failure patients: better short‐term outcomes in patients enrolled in Eastern Europe and Russia in the PROTECT trial
Authors: Mentz Robert J. , Cotter Gad , Cleland John G.F. , Stevens Susanna R. , Chiswell Karen , Davison Beth A. , Teerlink John R. , Metra Marco , Voors Adriaan A. , Grinfeld Liliana , Ruda Mikhail , Mareev Viacheslav , Lotan Chaim , Bloomfield Daniel M. , Fiuzat Mona , Givertz Michael M. , Ponikowski Piotr , Massie Barry M. , O'Connor Christopher M. 
Published: April 2014

AimsThe implications of geographical variation are unknown following adjustment for hospital length of stay (LOS) in heart failure (HF) trials that included patients whether or not they had systolic dysfunction. We investigated regional differences in an international acute HF trial.Methods and resultsThe PROTECT trial investigated 2033 patients with acute HF and renal dysfunction hospitalized at 173 sites in 17 countries with randomization to rolofylline or placebo. We grouped enrolling countries into six regions. Baseline characteristics, in‐hospital management, and outcomes were explored by region. The primary study outcome was 60‐day mortality or cardiovascular/renal hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included 180‐day mortality. Of 2033 patients, 33% were from Eastern Europe, 19% from Western Europe, 16% from Israel, 15% from North America, 14% from Russia, and 3% from Argentina. Marked differences in baseline characteristics, HF phenotype, in‐hospital diuretic and vasodilator strategies, and LOS were observed by region. LOS was shortest in North America and Israel (median 5 days) and longest in Russia (median 15 days). Regional event rates varied significantly. Following multivariable adjustment, region was an independent predictor of the risk of mortality/hospitalization at 60 days, with the lowest risk in Russia (hazard ratio 0.39, 95% confidence interval 0.23–0.64 vs. Western Europe) due to lower rehospitalization; mortality differences were attenuated by 180 days.ConclusionsIn an international HF trial, there were differences in baseline characteristics, treatments, LOS, and rehospitalization amongst regions, but little difference in longer term mortality. Rehospitalization differences exist independent of LOS. This analysis may help inform future trial design and should be externally validated.
PAHs, nitro-PAHs, hopanes, and steranes in lake trout from Lake Michigan
Authors: Huang Lei , Chernyak Sergei M. , Batterman Stuart A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

The present study examines concentrations and risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitro-PAHs (NPAHs), steranes, and hopanes in lake trout collected in Lake Michigan. A total of 74 fish were collected in 2 seasons at 3 offshore sites. The total PAH concentration (Σ9PAH) in whole fish ranged from 223 pg/g to 1704 pg/g wet weight, and PAH concentrations and profiles were similar across season, site, and sex. The total NPAH (Σ9NPAH) concentrations ranged from 0.2 pg/g to 31 pg/g wet weight, and carcinogenic compounds, including 1-nitropyrene and 6-nitrochrysene, were detected. In the fall, NPAH concentrations were low at the Illinois site (0.2–0.5 pg/g wet wt), and site profiles differed considerably; in the spring, concentrations and profiles were similar across sites, possibly reflecting changes in fish behavior. In the fall, the total sterane (Σ5Sterane) and total hopane (Σ2Hopane) levels reached 808 pg/g and 141 pg/g wet weight, respectively, but concentrations in the spring were 10 times lower. Concentrations in eggs (fall only) were on the same order of magnitude as those in whole fish. These results demonstrate the presence of target semivolatile organic compounds in a top predator fish, and are consistent with PAH biodilution observed previously. Using the available toxicity information for PAHs and NPAHs, the expected cancer risk from consumption of lake trout sampled are low. However, NPAHs contributed a significant portion of the toxic equivalencies in some samples. The present study provides the first measurements of NPAHs in freshwater fish, and results suggest that additional assessment is warranted. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1792–1801. © 2014 SETAC
Using ordination and clustering techniques to assess multimetric fish health response following a coal ash spill
Authors: Bevelhimer Mark S. , Adams S. Marshall , Fortner Allison M. , Greeley Mark S. , Brandt Craig C. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

The effect of coal ash exposure on fish health in freshwater communities is largely unknown. Given the large number of possible pathways of effects (e.g., toxicological effect of exposure to multiple metals, physical effects from ash exposure, and food web effects), measurement of only a few health metrics is not likely to give a complete picture. The authors measured a suite of 20 health metrics from 1100+ fish collected from 5 sites (3 affected and 2 reference) near a coal ash spill in east Tennessee over a 4.5-yr period. The metrics represented a wide range of physiological and energetic responses and were evaluated simultaneously using 2 multivariate techniques. Results from both hierarchical clustering and canonical discriminant analyses suggested that for most species × season combinations, the suite of fish health indicators varied more among years than between spill and reference sites within a year. In a few cases, spill sites from early years in the investigation stood alone or clustered together separate from reference sites and later year spill sites. Outlier groups of fish with relatively unique health profiles were most often from spill sites, suggesting that some response to the ash exposure may have occurred. Results from the 2 multivariate methods suggest that any change in the health status of fish at the spill sites was small and appears to have diminished since the first 2 to 3 yr after the spill. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1903–1913. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Theoretical investigations on C60–ionic liquid interactions and their impacts on C60 dispersion behavior
Authors: Wang Zhuang , Tang Lili , Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Increased use and production of carbon nanomaterials (e.g., fullerene C60) and ionic liquids (ILs) may result in their concomitant releases into the environment. Inevitably there will be interactions between carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) and ILs. However, experimental data on the interaction of CNPs with ILs are not readily available, and the mechanism behind the interactions is still elusive. To contribute to an understanding of the molecular interactions established between CNPs and ILs, theoretical investigations at multiple levels were performed to determine the interactions of C60 with 6 different imidazolium-based ILs. The results indicate that C60 mainly interacts with the IL molecules through the van der Waals, π–cation, and hydrophobic interactions. Mulliken population analysis suggests that charge transfer occurs from the IL to C60 during the C60–IL interaction. The self-diffusion coefficient (D) of C60 in [C60 + IL] systems reaches the maximum in the case of moderate C60–IL interaction (interaction energy, EINT), implying that in this case a good dispersion of an agglomerate species of C60 is obtained. The D value of C60 in [C60 + IL + water] systems increases with an increase of the EINT, implying that the presence of ILs can play an important role in the aqueous dispersion of the C60 agglomerate. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1802–1808. © 2014 SETAC
Energy‐aware load adaptive framework for LTE heterogeneous network
Authors: Abdulkafi Ayad Atiyah , Chieng David , Kiong Tiong Sieh , Ting Alvin , Koh Johnny , Ghaleb Abdulaziz M. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTOne of the main approaches for improving the network energy efficiency (EE) is through the introduction of load adaptive techniques, where the network's components/subsystems are switched off when the network is lightly loaded. Optimising such a dynamic operation in a heterogeneous network (HetNet) remains an active topic of research. In this paper, a traffic load‐adaptive model that aims to evaluate the EE of base stations in Long Term Evolution (LTE) HetNet is presented. First, a model that simulates the load‐adaptive power consumption behaviour of LTE HetNet is developed. In this regard, a load adaptation factor is introduced to assess the network's EE performance. The model also adapts and predicts the achievable data rate of each base station with respect to the traffic load. Our study shows that the fully load‐adaptive LTE HetNet can significantly improve network's EE up to 10%, 40%, and 80% for high, medium, and low loads, respectively, as compared to the conventional non load‐adaptive HetNet. In addition, we show that the full adaptive network operation can achieve significant EE gains under a realistic daily traffic profile up to 86%. The proposed evaluation model is essential to assess the network EE and can be used in future studies that focus on improving the adaptation level of the already installed network equipments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute and late side effects to salivary glands and oral mucosa after head and neck radiotherapy in children and adolescents. Results of the “Registry for the evaluation of side effects after radiotherapy in childhood and adolescence”
Authors: Bölling Tobias , Weege Julia , Eich Hans Theodor , Timmermann Beate , Meyer Frank‐Michal , Rübe Christian , Kortmann Rolf‐Dieter , Fischedick Karin , Rödel Claus , Koch Raphael , Willich Normann 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe registry for the evaluation of side effects after radiotherapy in childhood and adolescence (RiSK) was established to prospectively characterize radiation‐associated side effects. The purpose of this analysis was to characterize side effects after radiotherapy to the head and neck in children and adolescents.MethodsRadiation doses have been collected across Germany since 2001. Acute and late side effects were characterized.ResultsUntil January 2010, 133 patients (median age, 12.7 years) were recruited who had received radiotherapy to the salivary glands. Toxicity evaluation was available for 114 patients (median follow‐up, 2.9 years). Acute and late toxicity significantly depended on the maximum radiation dose to the salivary glands. An increase of the mean value of maximum dose of 1 Gray (Gy) to the submandibular glands resulted in an odds ratio of 1.04 (range, 1.00–1.08; p = .039) for acute toxicities of the salivary glands and 1.08 (range, 1.03–1.13; p = .001) for acute mucosal toxicities.ConclusionThese data can be used for an individual risk assessment in pediatric head and neck radiotherapy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1137–1141, 2015
Nodal metastasis and survival in oral cancer: Association with protein expression of SLPI, not with LCN2, TACSTD2, or THBS2
Authors: Noorlag Rob , van der Groep Petra , Leusink Frank K. J. , van Hooff Sander R. , Frank Michaël H. , Willems Stefan M. , van Es Robert J. J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundGene expression profiling revealed a strong signature predicting lymph node metastases in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Four of the most predictive genes are secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), lipocalin‐2 (LCN2), thrombospondin‐2 (THBS2), and tumor‐associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2). This study correlates their protein expression with lymph node metastases, overall survival (OS), and disease‐specific survival (DSS).MethodsTwo hundred twelve patients with OSCC were included for protein expression analysis by immunohistochemistry.ResultsSLPI expression correlates with lymph node metastases in the whole cohort, not in a subgroup of cT1 to 2N0. SLPI expression correlates with OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.61) and DSS (HR = 0.47) in multivariate analysis. LCN2, THBS2, and TACSTD2 show no correlation with lymph node metastases, OS, or DSS.ConclusionAlthough SLPI expression correlates with lymph node metastases, it has no additional value in determining lymph node metastases in early oral cancer. However, it is an independent predictor for both OS and DSS and therefore a relevant prognostic biomarker in OSCC. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1130–1136, 2015
Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the temporomandibular joint with intracranial extension: A case series and systematic review
Authors: Safaee Michael , Oh Taemin , Sun Matthew Z. , Parsa Andrew T. , McDermott Michael W. , El‐Sayed Ivan H. , Bloch Orin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundPigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare proliferative disorder of the synovial membrane. PVNS generally affects large joints but occasionally involves the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), with occasional extension into the middle cranial fossa. The purpose of this study was to report our experience with PVNS along with a focused literature review.MethodsPatients with PVNS of the TMJ treated at the University of California – San Francisco from 2007 to 2013 were reviewed. A PubMed search was performed to identify additional cases.ResultsFive patients underwent surgical resection, with 1 recurrence at 61 months. A literature review identified 58 patients, 19 of which had intracranial involvement. Interestingly, intracranial extension was more common in men. Intracranial extension was not associated with an increased rate of recurrence.ConclusionPVNS of the TMJ is a rare entity associated with excellent outcomes, even with intracranial extension. Management should consist of maximal resection, with radiotherapy reserved for extensive or recurrent lesions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1213–1224, 2015
Recurrence of cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck after negative sentinel lymph node biopsy
Authors: Davis–Malesevich Melinda V. , Goepfert Ryan , Kubik Mark , Roberts Dianna B. , Myers Jeffrey N. , Kupferman Michael E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundSentinel lymph node biopsy remains controversial for cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck (CMHN). Incidence and factors associated with recurrence after negative sentinel lymph node biopsy have not been well delineated.MethodsCharacteristics of 204 patients with head and neck melanoma who had a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy were studied. Main outcomes were overall survival and disease‐free survival.ResultsRecurrence developed in 45 patients (22%) with a median time to recurrence of 20.1 months. Five‐year overall survival was 91.8% for patients without recurrence and 57.0% for those with recurrence. The overall regional recurrence rate was 8.8% (n = 18) and was associated with Breslow thickness >2 mm and scalp location of the primary tumor. The false omission rate was 3.4%.ConclusionFor CMHN, regional recurrence after negative sentinel lymph node biopsy occurs at acceptably low rates relative to other sites, although it is associated with adverse survival. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1116–1121, 2015
Salvage endoscopic nasopharyngectomy and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy versus conventional radiotherapy in treating locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zou Xiong , Han Fei , Ma Wen‐Juan , Deng Man‐Quan , Jiang Rou , Guo Ling , Liu Qing , Mai Hai‐Qiang , Hong Ming‐Huang , Chen Ming‐Yuan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough endoscopic nasopharyngectomy and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) have been reported to be useful in treating isolated local recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), their efficacy needs to be revaluated with comparison to 2D conventional radiotherapy (RT).MethodsFour hundred ten patients with recurrent NPC were retrospectively analyzed, among whom the patients underwent IMRT, endoscopic nasopharyngectomy, and 2D conventional RT.ResultsThe 5‐year overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis‐free survival were significantly higher in endoscopic nasopharyngectomy and IMRT groups than in 2D conventional RT group both in the entire series and in the subgroup of patients with recurrent T1 to 2 NPC (p < .05), except in the subgroup of recurrent T3 to 4 stratifications (IMRT vs 2D conventional RT; 28.8% vs 16.8%; p = .351). Furthermore, endoscopic nasopharyngectomy was associated with better OS than IMRT in the recurrent T1 to 2 subgroup (79.2% vs 62.1%; p = .007). Multivariate analysis indicated therapeutic modality was an independent predictor of OS and distant metastasis‐free survival (p < .001).ConclusionEndoscopic nasopharyngectomy and IMRT are associated with an improved OS and distant metastasis‐free survival of patients with recurrent NPC compared to 2D conventional RT in early recurrent disease. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1108–1115, 2015
Osteochondral regeneration using an oriented nanofiber yarn‐collagen type I/hyaluronate hybrid/TCP biphasic scaffold
Authors: Liu Shen , Wu Jinglei , Liu Xudong , Chen Desheng , Bowlin Gary L. , Cao Lei , Lu Jianxi , Li Fengfeng , Mo Xiumei , Fan Cunyi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOsteochondral defects affect both the articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone, but poor osteochondral regeneration is still a daunting challenge. Although the tissue engineering technology provides a promising approach for osteochondral repair, an ideal biphasic scaffold is in high demand with regards to proper biomechanical strength. In this study, an oriented poly(l‐lacticacid)‐co‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) P(LLA‐CL)/collagen type I(Col‐I) nanofiber yarn mesh, fabricated by dynamic liquid electrospinning served as a skeleton for a freeze‐dried Col‐I/Hhyaluronate (HA) chondral phase (SPONGE) to enhance the mechanical strength of the scaffold. In vitro results show that the Yarn Col‐I/HA hybrid scaffold (Yarn‐CH) can allow the cell infiltration like sponge scaffolds. Using porous beta‐tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as the osseous phase, the Yarn‐CH/TCP biphasic scaffold was then assembled by freeze drying. After combination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the biphasic complex was successfully used to repair the osteochondral defects in a rabbit model with greatly improved repairing scores and compressive modulus. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 581–592, 2015.
Electrospinning of unidirectionally and orthogonally aligned thermoplastic polyurethane nanofibers: Fiber orientation and cell migration
Authors: Mi Hao‐Yang , Salick Max R. , Jing Xin , Crone Wendy C. , Peng Xiang‐Fang , Turng Lih‐Sheng 
Published: April 2014

AbstractUnidirectionally and orthogonally aligned thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofibers were electrospun using a custom‐built electrospinning device. The unidirectionally aligned fibers were collected using two parallel copper plates, and the orthogonally aligned fibers were collected using two orthogonal sets of parallel copper plates with alternate negative connections. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were added to modify the polymer solution. It was found that both CNT and PAA were capable of increasing solution conductivity. The TPU/PAA fiber showed the highest degree of fiber orientation with more than 90% of the fibers having an orientation angle between −10° and 10° for unidirectionally aligned fibers, and for orthogonally aligned fibers, the orientation angle of 50% fibers located between –10° and 10° and 48% fibers located between 80° and 100°. Viability assessment of 3T3 fibroblasts cultured on TPU/PAA fibers suggested that the material was cytocompatible. The cells' orientation and migration direction closely matched the fibers' orientation. The cell migration velocity and distance were both enhanced with the guidance of fibers compared with cells cultured on random fibers and common tissue culture plastic. Controlling cell migration velocity and directionality may provide ways to influence differentiation and gene expression and systems that would allow further exploration of wound repair and metastatic cell behavior. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 593–603, 2015.