bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimated source wavelet‐incorporated reverse‐time migration with a virtual source imaging condition
Authors: Kim Youngseo , Cho Yongchae , Shin Changsoo 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTMany geophysicists perform reverse‐time migration using a variety of artificial sources to obtain the source wavefield. Upon processing the seismic data, however, it is difficult to recover the original phase and amplitude of the source wavelet used for seismic exploration, regardless of the source. We have therefore used several artificial source wavelets such as Ricker or the first derivative Gauss wavelets expressed by well‐known functions. There are some differences between these artificial source wavelets and the original source wavelets, resulting in imperfect migration images. Artificial source wavelets tend to distort the exact location of subsurface reflectors and they create noise around the boundary of the stratum. To solve this problem, we applied the source estimation technique to the reverse‐time migration algorithm. The source estimation technique approximates the source wavelet to the original exploration source wavelet by a deconvolution method. This technique is used in full waveform inversion and provides better inversion results as demonstrated by other studies. To prove the effect of reverse‐time migration with source estimation, we tested this algorithm on the Sigsbee2a model, SEG/EAGE 3D salt model and 3D real field land data. Using the resulting images of these three models, we found that the source estimation technique can yield better migration images. To suppress the artefacts produced in the migration image, we used a wavenumber filter and Laplacian filter on 2D and 3D examples, respectively. Furthermore, we used the pseudo‐Hessian similar to the source illumination to scale the migration image because the virtual source imaging condition was used for reverse‐time migration.
Diagnostic tests in urology: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the staging of prostate cancer
Authors: Preston Mark A. , Harisinghani Mukesh G. , Mucci Lorelei , Witiuk Kelsey , Breau Rodney H. 
Published: January 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
The use of MRI for prostate cancer diagnosis and staging is increasing. Indications for prostate MRI are not defined and many clinicians are unsure of how best to use MRI to aid clinical decisions.
This evidence‐based medicine article addresses the clinical utility of prostate MRI for preoperative staging. Based on a common patient scenario, a guide to calculating the probability of extraprostatic extension is provided.
Energetic constraints may limit the capacity of visually guided predators to respond to Arctic warming
Authors: White C. R. , Green J. A. , Martin G. R. , Butler P. J. , Grémillet D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFor many polar species, climate change is likely to result in range contractions and negative population trends. For those species whose distribution is limited by sea ice and cold water, however, polar warming could result in population increases and range expansion. Population increases of great cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo in Greenland are associated with warmer sea surface temperatures, but the actual impact of environmental change on cormorant spatial ecology remains unclear. In the present study, we investigate how Arctic warming is likely to influence the distribution of cormorants in Greenland. Using geolocation data, we show that many individuals that breed above the Arctic Circle migrate south and winter at lower latitude. We then couple estimates of migratory flight costs with a model that predicts daily energy expenditure during winter on the basis of water temperature, ambient illumination during diving, dive depth and day length. This model shows that the most energy efficient strategy predicted for any breeding location is to migrate as far south as possible, and that, for a given wintering location, it is more energetically expensive to breed at high latitude. We argue that cormorants currently undertake a winter migration to escape the polar night and reduce winter energy costs and that their wintering grounds in Greenland will remain largely unchanged under Arctic warming. This is because low levels of ambient illumination during the polar night will continue to restrict foraging opportunities at high latitude during winter. Northward expansion of the breeding range will result in increased energy expenditure associated with long migratory flights, and the cost of such flights may ultimately limit the breeding range of cormorants. Such limitations are likely to represent a general constraint on the capacity of visually guided predators to respond to climate warming, and may limit the predicted poleward range shifts of these species.
Impact of Medical Comorbidity and Risk of Death in 680 Patients with Alcohol Use Disorders
Authors: Rivas Inmaculada , Sanvisens Arantza , Bolao Ferran , Fuster Daniel , Tor Jordi , Pujol Ramon , Torrens Marta , Rey‐Joly Celestino , Muga Robert 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundThe association between alcohol use disorders and increased risk of mortality is well known; however, there have been few systematic evaluations of alcohol‐related organ damage and its impact on survival in younger alcoholics. Therefore, we assessed medical comorbidity with a clinical index to identify subgroups of alcoholic patients at high risk of premature death.MethodsHospital‐based cohort of alcohol‐dependent patients admitted for detoxification between 1999 and 2008 in Barcelona, Spain. At admission, sociodemographic characteristics and a history of alcohol dependence and abuse of illegal drugs were obtained through clinical interviews and questionnaires. Medical comorbidity was assessed with the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (Substance Abuse) (CIRS‐SA). Dates and causes of death were obtained from clinical records and death registers. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier methods, and Cox regression models were used to analyze the risk factors for premature death.ResultsMedian age of the patients (686 total, 79.7% men) was 43.5 years (interquartile range [IQR], 37.8 to 50.4), average alcohol consumption was 200 g/d (IQR, 120 to 280 g/d), and duration of alcohol use disorder was 18 years (IQR, 11 to 24). Medical comorbidity by CIRS‐SA at admission showed that the organs/systems most affected were liver (99%), respiratory (86%), and cardiovascular (58%). After median follow‐up of 3.1 years (IQR, 1.5 to 5.1), 78 (11.4%) patients died with a mortality rate of 3.28 × 100 person‐years; according to Kaplan–Meier estimates, 50% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 24 to 69%) of patients with severe medical comorbidity died in the first decade after treatment. In multivariate analysis, severe medical comorbidity (hazard ratio [HR], 5.5; 95% CI, 3.02 to 10.07) and being treated with methadone at admission (HR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.50 to 4.51) were independent risk factors for premature death.ConclusionsSystematic assessment of alcohol‐related organ damage is relevant for the identification and treatment of those at increased risk of death.
Flows of Chemical Risk Information in the Consumer Paint Product Chain
Authors: Fransson Kristin , Brunklaus Birgit , Molander Sverker 
Published: January 2013

SummaryIn this study the flows of chemical risk information for paint as a consumer product were investigated from a product chain perspective. The main method of research involved semi‐structured interviews with Swedish manufacturers of paint and chemicals. In addition, retailers and consumers were interviewed. The flows of chemical risk information between actors within (e.g., manufacturers, retailers, and consumers) and outside (e.g., industry associations and regulators) the paint product chain are described. Because the European chemical legislation REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of CHemicals) plays a large role in the management of chemical risk information at companies, some consequences of REACH on actors in the paint product chain are described. Examples of such consequences are that importing of chemicals from non–European Union (EU) countries may be discouraged and that some low‐volume chemicals may no longer be produced. However, manufacturers do not yet see these consequences as impediments to innovation.The results of this work show that chemical risk information is most comprehensive during the manufacturing steps of the product chain. This is due not only to tradition and industry initiatives, but also to REACH and other legislation. The results also illustrate the need for evaluation of how chemical risk information is used in different contexts and the importance of directing the right information at the right target group.Following legislative development, more specialized information is required in the safety data sheet (SDS), and because of this many manufacturers find it necessary to create simplified safety sheets that make the most pertinent safety and hazard information easily accessible to individuals that handle the chemicals in their factories. The study found that in creating the simplified safety sheets, the content and use of chemical risk information is evaluated and adjusted for presentation to this particular target group. It is evident that the Swedish Paint and Printing Ink Makers Association plays an important role in the interpretation of legal requirements and even in agreements for providing information that exceeds legal requirements.
Osteotome sinus floor elevation with or without grafting: a 3‐year randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Si Mi‐si , Zhuang Long‐fei , Gu Ying‐Xin , Mo Jia‐ji , Qiao Shi‐chong , Lai Hong‐Chang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of dental implant placed using osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) with and without simultaneous grafting.Materials & MethodsForty‐five patients were randomly assigned into two groups: Group1: OSFE with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) mixed with autogenous bone chips, and Group2: OSFE without grafting. The endo‐sinus bone gain (ESBG) was assessed on radiographs at 6, 12, 24, 36 months following surgery as primary outcome measurement. Implant survivals and marginal bone loss (MBL) were assessed as secondary outcome measurements.ResultsTwenty‐one implants in Group1 and 20 implants in Group2 were analysed. The residual bone height (RBH) was 4.63 ± 1.31 mm in average (4.67 ± 1.18 mm for Group1 and 4.58 ± 1.47 mm for Group2). The 3‐year cumulative survival rates of implants were 95.2% for Group1 and 95.0% for Group2. The ESBG in Group1 reduced from 5.66 ± 0.99 mm at 6 months to 3.17 ± 1.95 mm at 36 months, whereas the ESBG in Group2 increased from 2.06 ± 1.01 mm at 6 months to 3.07 ± 1.68 mm at 36 months. The MBL after 3 years was 1.33 ± 0.46 mm in Group1 and 1.38 ± 0.23 mm in Group2.ConclusionsOSFE and simultaneous implant installation with and without grafting both resulted in predictable results. The application of grafting materials has no significant advantage in terms of clinical success.
Broad‐scale reliability analysis of the flood defence infrastructure within the Taihu Basin, China
Authors: Jiabi X. , Sayers P. , Dongya S. , Hanghui Z. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Taihu Basin is home to some of the most economically active and populous cities in China, including Shanghai. The Basin lies in the coastal delta of the Yangtze River and is defended from frequent flooding by a complex system of flood control infrastructure (including dikes, numerous large sluice gates and pumping stations). Flood risk in the Basin is closely related to the reliability of the flood defences. The information available to support system reliability analysis is however limited. A simplified defence classification and reliability analysis has therefore been adopted in which the behaviour of defence subsystems (dike rings) are presented through a single representative fragility curve. A combination of expert judgement and available quantified data is used to support the analysis. The approach is found to be informative within the context of (i) a broad scale flood risk analysis, (ii) an exploration of longer term management policies and (iii) targeting more detailed analysis and data collection required to support specific management choices.
Every Patient Is an Individual: Clinicians Balance Individual Factors When Discussing Prognosis with Diverse Frail Elderly Adults
Authors: Thai Julie N. , Walter Louise C. , Eng Catherine , Smith Alexander K. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundTo explore clinician choice of whether to discuss prognosis with their frail older patients.DesignQualitative interview study.SettingPrimary care clinicians were recruited from nursing homes, community‐based clinics, and academic medical centers.ParticipantsThree geriatric nurse practitioners, nine geriatricians, five general internists, and three family medicine physicians with a mean age of 44 and a mean 12 years in practice. Seventeen clinicians had patient panels with 80% or more community‐dwelling outpatients, 13 had patient panels with 50% or more patients aged 85 and older, and 16 had patient panels with 25% or more of patients in a minority group (Asian, African American, Hispanic).MeasurementsClinicians were asked to describe their practice of discussing long‐term (<5‐year) and short‐term (<1‐year and 3‐month) prognosis. Responses were analyzed qualitatively using constant comparison until thematic saturation was reached.ResultsClinicians reported individualizing the decision to discuss prognosis with their frail older patients based on clinical circumstances. Common reasons for discussing prognosis included patient had a specific condition with a limited prognosis, to give patients time to prepare, to promote informed medical decision‐making, and when patients or families prompted the conversation. Common reasons not to discuss included maintaining hope and avoiding anxiety, cognitive impairment or patient unable to understand prognosis, respect for patients' cultural values, and long‐term prognosis too uncertain to be useful.ConclusionClinicians caring for frail older adults are generally willing to discuss short‐ but not long‐term prognosis. Clinicians balance individual factors when deciding whether to discuss prognosis.
Psychotropic Medications and the Transition Into Care: A National Data Linkage Study
Authors: Maguire Aideen , Hughes Carmel , Cardwell Chris , O'Reilly Dermot 
Published: January 2013

ObjectivesTo determine whether excessive and often inappropriate or dangerous psychotropic drug dispensing to older adults is unique to care homes or is a continuation of community treatment.DesignPopulation‐based data‐linkage study using prescription drug information.SettingNorthern Ireland's national prescribing database and care home information from the national inspectorate.ParticipantsTwo hundred fifty thousand six hundred seventeen individuals aged 65 and older.MeasurementsPrescription information was extracted for all psychotropic drugs included in the British National Formulary (BNF) categories 4.1.1, 4.1.2, and 4.2.2 (hypnotics, anxiolytics, and antipsychotics) dispensed over the study period. Repeated cross‐sectional analysis was used to monitor changes in psychotropic drug dispensing over time.ResultsPsychotropic drug use was higher in care homes than the community; 20.3% of those in care homes were dispensed an antipsychotic in January 2009, compared with 1.1% of those in the community. People who entered care had higher use of psychotropic medications before entry than those who did not enter care, but this increased sharply in the month of admission and continued to rise. Antipsychotic drug dispensing increased from 8.2% before entry to 18.6% after entering care (risk ratio (RR) = 2.26, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.96–2.59) and hypnotic drug dispensing from 14.8% to 26.3% (RR=1.78, 95% CI=1.61–1.96).ConclusionA continuation of high use before entry cannot wholly explain the higher dispensing of psychotropic drugs to individuals in care homes. Although drug dispensing is high in older people in the community, it increases dramatically on entry to care. Routine medicine reviews are necessary in older people and are especially important during transitions of care.
Peak metamorphic temperatures from cation diffusion zoning in garnet
Authors: SMIT M. A. , SCHERER E. E. , MEZGER K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA model that relates the characteristic diffusion length and average cooling rate to peak temperature was developed for chemical diffusion in spherical geometries on the basis of geospeedometry principles and diffusion theory. The model is quantitatively evaluated for cation diffusion profiles in garnet. Important model parameters were calibrated empirically using diffusion zoning of Ca in garnet from the Pikwitonei Granulite Domain, a terrane for which the thermal history has been well characterized. The results are used: (i) to empirically test diffusion parameters for Mg and Fe(II) and (ii) to develop a tool that uses the diffusion zoning of these cations in garnet to constrain peak temperature conditions for garnet‐bearing rocks. The thermometric approach was externally tested by applying it to garnet crystals from various metamorphic terranes worldwide and comparing the results to published peak temperature estimates. The results overlap within uncertainties in all cases, but result that are based on Fe(II) and Mg chemical‐diffusion profiles are up to three times more precise than those acquired by conventional methods. The remarkable consistency of the results implies that the model is robust and provides a reliable means of estimating peak temperatures for different types of high‐grade metamorphic rock. The tool could be of particular advantage in rocks where critical assemblages for conventional thermometry do not occur or have been replaced during retrogression.
MR and CT of Brain's Cava
Authors: Saba Luca , Anzidei Michele , Raz Eytan , Suri Jasjit , Piga Mario , Grassi Roberto , Catalano Carlo 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe Cavum Septi Pellucidi (CSP), Cavum Vergae (CV) and Cavum Veli Interpositi, are anatomical variants located in the midline of the brain. It is important to identify these conditions to distinguish them from other entities that may require treatment. In this paper, our purpose is to describe MR and CT findings of CSP, CV and Cavum Veli Interpositi, explaining the differential diagnosis.
Optic Nerve Sonography to Monitor Treatment Efficacy in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Case Report
Authors: Lochner Piergiorgio , Nardone Raffaele , Tezzon Frediano , Coppo Lorenzo , Brigo Francesco 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVESTo report values of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and optic disc elevation (ODE) obtained with optic nerve sonography (US) in the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment efficacy in an adult with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).METHODSSerial measurements of the ONSD and ODE using B mode US were performed in a 45‐years‐old woman with IIH before and during after treatment with acetazolamide and diet.RESULTSAt first evaluation US showed a significantly enlarged ONSD (.68 cm right; .66 cm left side) and the presence of increased ODE (.1 cm right; .15 cm left side). Post‐punctural assessments showed a bilateral decrease of ONSD (.58 cm right; .58 cm left side), without changes in ODE values. After 12 months of treatment with acetazolamide and diet ODE completely normalized (0 cm on both sides). ODE values correlated directly with ONSD, and both ODE and ONSD values correlated directly with BMI. Correlations were statistically significant. ONSD changes occurred rapidly after the lumbar puncture, whereas the papilloedema required longer to reduce.CONCLUSIONSUS of ONSD and ODE was useful to support the diagnosis of IIH and to monitor the efficacy of diet and pharmacological treatment. Further studies are required to evaluate whether this promising technique may be considered a reliable and accurate method to longitudinally evaluate patients with increased ICP secondary to IIH.
Quality of life and impact of children with unclassified developmental delays
Authors: Hsieh Ru‐Lan , Hsueh Yu‐Mei , Huang Hsiao‐Yuan , Lin Ming‐I , Tseng Wei‐Che , Lee Wen‐Chung 
Published: January 2013

AimsThe study aims to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) and health of children with unclassified developmental delays and the impacts this had on the family.MethodsIn total, 60 parents of pre‐school children with unclassified developmental delays and 56 parents of age and gender‐matched children with typical development were recruited. We administered the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)‐Generic Core Scale and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument to parents to evaluate the QOL and health status of their children. Parents were evaluated by World Health Organization‐Quality of Life‐Brief Version, PedsQL‐Family Impact Module, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and PedsQL‐Health satisfaction to assess the impacts of this situation on the family. Variables related to QOL and functions of children with unclassified developmental delays were analysed by stepwise regression analysis.ResultsComparing children with typical development, children with unclassified developmental delays had a significantly lower QOL (including both psychosocial and physical components) and health status. Their parents had a significantly lower QOL, family function and health satisfaction, and higher psychological distress than parents of children with typical development. Gross‐motor delay impacts on QOL of these children (regression coefficient: −9.59, P < 0.05), global functioning is related to cognition delay (regression coefficient: −20.22, P < 0.01) and physical health of their parents (regression coefficient: 0.87, P < 0.01).ConclusionsChildren with unclassified developmental delays had lower QOL and health status, and their condition had greater impacts on the family than children with typical development. Gross motor and cognition development related to the QOL and global functioning in these children.
Inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor regulates replication, differentiation, infectivity and virulence of the parasitic protist Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Hashimoto Muneaki , Enomoto Masahiro , Morales Jorge , Kurebayashi Nagomi , Sakurai Takashi , Hashimoto Tetsuo , Nara Takeshi , Mikoshiba Katsuhiko 
Published: January 2013

SummaryIn animals, inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are ion channels that play a pivotal role in many biological processes by mediating Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a novel IP3R in the parasitic protist, Trypanosoma cruzi, the pathogen responsible for Chagas disease. DT40 cells lacking endogenous IP3R genes expressing T. cruzi IP3R (TcIP3R) exhibited IP3‐mediated Ca2+ release from the ER, and demonstrated receptor binding to IP3. TcIP3R was expressed throughout the parasite life cycle but the expression level was much lower in bloodstream trypomastigotes than in intracellular amastigotes or epimastigotes. Disruption of two of the three TcIP3R gene loci led to the death of the parasite, suggesting that IP3R is essential for T. cruzi. Parasites expressing reduced or increased levels of TcIP3R displayed defects in growth, transformation and infectivity, indicating that TcIP3R is an important regulator of the parasite's life cycle. Furthermore, mice infected with T. cruzi expressing reduced levels of TcIP3R exhibited a reduction of disease symptoms, indicating that TcIP3R is an important virulence factor. Combined with the fact that the primary structure of TcIP3R has low similarity to that of mammalian IP3Rs, TcIP3R is a promising drug target for Chagas disease.