bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefits and Barriers
Authors: Harris Brigitte , Cheng Kwan Fan , Gorley Charlotte 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to describe the design of a provincial government ministry group mentoring program and examine mentees’ and mentors’ experiences in the program.

Design/methodology/approach
– A total of 151 mentees rated their satisfaction in a post-program survey. The survey was followed by in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 10 mentees and 11 mentors.

Findings
– In all, 87 per cent of mentees rated their learning as effective. Benefits to mentees were relevance of the learning, and senior leader/mentors use of current issues, events and personal stories. Delivery through a combination of Web conferencing and collaboration technologies was most effective. Mentors learned from mentees and other mentors. Regular and full mentee participation was an identified issue. In addition, not all mentoring teams worked well together.

Research limitations/implications
– The selection criteria favored participants who had a positive experience. Including more participants who were disengaged or less active may have revealed what inhibited full engagement. Complex underlying systemic and cultural issues negatively affected mentee participation and mentoring team effectiveness. It is unclear whether this was caused by intrinsic or extrinsic barriers. Further study could shed light on how to address participation issues.

Practical implications
– Selection criteria favored highly active participants who had a positive experience. Including more disengaged or less active participants may have revealed barriers to full engagement.

Social implications
– Despite a context of extreme organizational churn, this program delivered cost-effective and engaging learning to a large number of employees. Recommendations are made to further strengthen the program.

Originality/value
– This contextually grounded case study will be useful to those who plan to implement a group mentoring program.
How online journalists learn within a non-formal context
Authors: Kronstad Morten , Eide Martin 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of workplace learning, with a focus on the non-formal learning that takes place among online journalists. The focus of this article is journalists working in an online newspaper and their experiences with workplace and non-formal learning, centring on framework conditions and learning environments.Design/methodology/approach– The empirical data in this article are based on qualitative interviews conducted with journalists working in an online newspaper in the Western part of Norway. The sample comprises of five informants. The interviews were based on a combination of open-ended and more specific questions where the aim was to get a broad perspective on the informants’ experiences workplace non-formal learning and to investigate alternative perspectives that emerged during the interviews.Findings– The findings indicate that a theory of online journalists’ workplace learning should take into account the fact that learning, in this context, takes place at various levels of conscious awareness, encompassing cognitive, behavioural, motivational and emotional aspects.Originality/value– This project provides the field of workplace learning and journalism with context-specific research on the non-formal learning processes of online journalists.
The effects of demographic variables on knowledge sharing
Authors: Boateng Henry , Dzandu Michael Dzigbordi , Agyemang Franklin Gyamfi 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to find the role of demographic variables in knowledge sharing among teachers in senior high schools. The relationship between demographic variables and knowledge sharing has not been clearly established in the existing literature.

Design/methodology/approach
– The survey research design was used as a methodology for the study. The participants of the study were senior high school teachers. These participants were selected using convenience sampling technique. Questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. Data were anaylsed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression.

Findings
– The study found that male teachers share more of their knowledge than female teachers. Additionally, first degree holders were found to share their knowledge more than Higher National Diploma holders.

Originality/value
– This study has established the relationship between demographic variables and knowledge sharing among senior high school teachers in Ghana.
Knowledge sharing strategies on traditional vegetables for supporting food security in Kilosa District, Tanzania
Authors: Chipungahelo Monica Samuel 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine knowledge sharing on traditional vegetables for supporting food security among farmers and other communities in Kilosa district, Tanzania.Design/methodology/approach– A case study design was employed. Semi-structured questionnaires with both open- and closed-ended questions were used to collect quantitative data in three wards of Kilosa District in Tanzania. Interviews were used to collect qualitative data from three heads of farmer groups, and direct observation was used to validate findings obtained from questionnaires.Findings– The results showed that farmers used a socialisation approach to share indigenous knowledge about traditional vegetables on production, consumption and preservation.Research limitations/implications– The study necessitates a need to conduct regular studies on sharing knowledge of traditional vegetables among different communities for supporting food security.Practical implications– The paper provides a framework for agricultural development planners on how to improve the management of indigenous knowledge on traditional vegetables with scientific knowledge in local communities for improving food security in Tanzania.Social implications– The paper has an implication for improving knowledge-sharing strategies on traditional vegetables in supporting food security in Tanzania, and other parts of Africa and developed countries. There is a need for knowledge intermediaries to develop knowledge database on production, consumption and preservation of traditional vegetable to increase the dissemination of this knowledge and, hence, improve nutrition and food security.Originality/value– The paper provides appropriate knowledge-sharing strategies which are needed to improve sharing of indigenous knowledge about traditional vegetables in Tanzania and other developed and developing countries.
Motives for foreign direct investment: a view from emerging market multinationals
Authors: Pananond Pavida 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper explains how the framework on motives of foreign direct investment (FDI) needs to be rethought when analyzing emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs). It argues that the weak position of emerging market firms and their interdependent relationship with lead firms in global value chains (GVCs) modify the selection of internationalization motives.Design/methodology/approach– The arguments are illustrated through a critical review of the literature on FDI motives and a discussion on how the literature can be extended from looking through the lens of emerging market multinationals, particularly those with early development as suppliers in global value chains.Findings– The weak position of emerging market firms and their interdependent relationship with lead firms in global value chains modify the selection of internationalization motives on two aspects. First, internationalization decisions of EMNEs in GVCs are not undertaken in an independent manner. Rather, decisions are influenced by the initial position along the value chain and the dynamic relationships that these EMNEs have with lead firms. Second, the selection of FDI motives of these EMNEs reflects both their international expansion strategy and the upgrading effort they wish to pursue to undertake higher value-adding activities along the GVCs.Originality/value– These implications addressed in this paper add more nuances to the interpretation of FDI motives. Previously viewed mainly from the perspective of lead firms, FDI decisions are considered as independent alternatives that multinational enterprises (MNEs) can undertake to fulfill their internationalization strategy. Revisiting the FDI motives from the perspective of EMNEs reveals further insights on the interdependent nature of their internationalization, particularly reflecting the weaker position of EMNEs and their interdependent relationship with lead firms in their industry.
Refining of FDI motivations by integrating global value chains’ considerations
Authors: Giroud Axèle , Mirza Hafiz 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to show how the nature of the activities conducted by multinational enterprises globally and the governance modes are changing. Essentially, multinational enterprises (MNEs) structure and organize their activities in a more complex, fragmented and geographically dispersed manner. In this paper, the authors suggest that the evolution of MNEs and the rising importance of global value chains (GVCs) require a refinement of FDI motivations rather than a drastic change in the existing categories. The authors begin with a historical overview of evolving firms’ international strategies and FDI motivations, before developing arguments to support the view that the fine slicing of economic activities on a global scale, and the combination of governance modalities ought to be integrated into the presentation of investment motivations. The discussion ends with implications for governments and policymaking.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper is a conceptual paper.

Findings
– Key suggestions to refine the presentation of investment motivations are presented, together with policy recommendations.

Originality/value
– This paper provides a novel approach to ways of refining investment motivations by integrating GVC considerations, and drawing policy implications from this process.
Getting all motives right: a holistic approach to internationalization motives of companies
Authors: van Tulder Rob 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– This paper presents a framework for an improved understanding of actual internationalization motives. Answers to a key question in IB studies – why companies internationalize – contain considerable flaws. There are theoretical, disciplinary and methodological reasons for this state of affairs. In practice, the lacking attention for motivational constellations has serious repercussions for the theoretical sophistication of IB studies, lowering its managerial relevance.Design/methodology/approach– Managers are confronted with many internationalization considerations simultaneously and, therefore, often have difficulty in recognizing themselves in extant approaches. The abstractions that many textbooks and academic papers present on the why question of corporate internationalization defy reality in case the various motivational trade-offs that managers face are not adequately addressed. This contribution presents a framework that is based on the identification of a number of motivational tensions that define the outcome of the actual internationalization strategies of companies: between intrinsic and extrinsic motives, between strategic intent and realization and between tactical and strategic considerations.Findings– Dealing with these tensions at the same time provides a strong ground for explaining particular outcomes of the internationalization process in degrees of international coordination and integration.Practical implications– The practical implication of the approach is a new conceptual framework that help scholars and managers understand complex configurations of internationalization motives better and thus come up with more realistic descriptions of what has actually influenced companies to adopt a particular internationalization strategy.Originality/value– The paper presents a completely new combination of models to document the motivations and consequently the internationalization trajectories of companies. It is, however, also well founded in the literature, but it presents a fundamental account of some serious flaws in IB theory and practice.
Labouring in the Shadow of the British Political Tradition: The Dilemma of ‘One Nation’ Politics in an Age of Disunification
Authors: Diamond Patrick , Liddle Roger , Richards David 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe British state is in flux and the Labour party is struggling to shape an effective response to the politics of disunification. This article reflects on the nature of Labour's governing project and its conception of modern statecraft which has evolved since the party became a serious contender for power in the aftermath of the First World War. We argue that Labour's initially pluralising instincts cultivated in opposition have been checked by the ongoing reality of a state‐centric mode of governing, in which the party continued to robustly defend the Westminster model operating within the parameters established by the British Political Tradition (BPT). Ed Miliband's conception of ‘One Nation’ Labour threatens to reinforce this historical pattern of reversion to the Westminster model, at precisely the moment when devolutionary forces are destabilising the existing political settlement. To break out of this impasse, Labour must look elsewhere in its ideological lexicon for inspiration, chiefly to the tradition of socialist pluralism and associationalism.
Effect of Pretreatments and Air‐Frying, a Novel Technology, on Acrylamide Generation in Fried Potatoes
Authors: Sansano M. , Juan‐Borrás M. , Escriche I. , Andrés A. , Heredia A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper investigated the effect of air‐frying technology, in combination with a pretreatment based of soaking the samples in different chemical agent solutions (citric acid, glycine, calcium lactate, sodium chloride, or nicotinic acid [vitamin B3]), on the generation of acrylamide in fried potatoes. The influence of reducing sugars on the development of surface's color was also analyzed. The experiments were conducted at 180 °C by means of air‐frying and deep‐oil‐frying, as a reference technology. Based on the evolution of color crust with frying time, it could be concluded that the rate of Maillard reaction decreased as the initial reducing sugars content increased in the raw material, and was also lower for deep‐oil‐frying than for air‐frying regardless of pretreatments applied. Air‐frying reduced acrylamide content by about 90% compared with conventional deep‐oil‐frying without being necessary the application of a pretreatment. However, deep‐oil fried potatoes pretreated with solutions of nicotinic acid, citric acid, glycine at 1%, and NaCl at 2% presented much lower acrylamide levels (up to 80% to 90% reduction) than nonpretreated samples.
An investigation of wholly‐owned foreign subsidiary control through transaction cost economics theory
Authors: Giacobbe Francesco , Matolcsy Zoltan , Wakefield James 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates the management control systems used by multinational corporation headquarters to control wholly‐owned foreign subsidiaries. Our theory development is based on transaction cost economics. First, we conduct a series of exploratory interviews, providing an insight into the context, and second, we provide empirical evidence based on cross‐sectional survey data. Our results indicate that activity traits (uncertainty, asset specificity and post hoc information impactedness) have significant implications on control choices, in particular the control archetype combinations chosen by headquarters, although not all results are consistent with theory predictions. Our findings are supported by extensive alternative testing.
Elucidating the prognostic significance of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations in Chinese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Ma Brigette B , Mo Frankie , Tong Joanna H , Wong Ashley , Wong SC Cesar , Ho Wing M , Wu Cherry , Lam Polly WY , Chan KF , Chan Timothy SK , Tsui Wilson MS , Tsang Alex KH , Fung Mandy NS , Chan Anthony TC , To Ka Fai 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimThe prognostic significance of KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA and BRAF mutations was evaluated in Chinese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodTumor samples from 183 patients were retrospectively tested for KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA and BRAF mutations. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the relationship between mutational status, drug response and survival.ResultOver 70% of patients received two or more lines of chemotherapy, 50% had cetuximab and 18% had bevacizumab. The prevalence of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations was 45, 3.2, 5 and 20%, respectively. For the entire cohort, the median overall survival was 24 months (95% confidence interval [CI] = 20.4–26.4 months). Of the genes tested, only KRAS mutation was an independent prognostic factor with a multivariate hazard ratio of 1.5 (95% CI = 1.05–2.16, P = 0.03). In the subgroup of patients who received cetuximab‐based therapy in the first‐line setting, KRAS mutation was associated with a lack of response to chemotherapy (28% vs 66%, chi‐square, P = 0.01). Patients with KRAS mutant tumors (or KRAS wild‐type tumors that harbored BRAF and/or PIK3CA mutations) tended to have lower response rates to chemotherapy and/or cetuximab (P = not significant). The number of NRAS mutant cases was too small to allow any statistical analysis.ConclusionThe prevalence of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations in this cohort is consistent with reports from non‐Asian populations, and KRAS mutation has both prognostic and predictive significance in Chinese patients with metastatic CRC.
Radiotherapy utilization in BRAF mutation‐tested metastatic melanoma in the targeted therapy era
Authors: Gorayski Peter , Dzienis Marcin , Foote Matthew , Atkinson Victoria , Burmeister Elizabeth , Burmeister Bryan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimTumor BRAF mutation testing is routine for all patients with metastatic melanoma (MM) owing to the availability of agents targeting this intracellular pathway. To test whether there is a difference in radiotherapy (RT) utilization according to BRAF mutation status, we performed a retrospective review of RT utilization in a contemporary cohort undergoing BRAF mutation testing.MethodsClinical records of MM patients undergoing BRAF mutation testing between April 2010 and August 2012 were reviewed. Overall survival (OS) was calculated using Kaplan–Meier methods. Differences between BRAF status were calculated using chi‐square tests for categorical variables, median tests for continuous variables and Cox proportional hazards models to compare OS.ResultsUp to 158 patients were identified but 17 were excluded due to inadequate clinical data. Of the remaining 141 patients, 69 (49%) tested BRAF mutant (BRAF‐m), median age 47 years (range 21–79) with median follow‐up of 16.8 months (IQR11.3–25.2). Seventy‐two (51%) tested BRAF wild type (BRAF‐w), median age 62 years (range 25–84) with median follow‐up of 27.1 months (IQR12.5–57.4). Overall, RT utilization was similar: 68% in BRAF‐m and 69% in BRAF‐w. Mean number of treatment courses was 1.70 for BRAF‐m and 2.36 for BRAF‐w (Pearson chi‐square 3.92, P = 0.05). Up to 51% of BRAF‐m and 56% of BRAF‐w required ≧2 RT courses. Forty‐six percent BRAF‐m compared with 29% BRAF‐w received brain RT (P = 0.04). Median OS was 17.7 months (IQR7.6–35.5) in BRAF‐m and 19 months (IQR7.8–35.1) in BRAF‐w (P = 0.99).ConclusionHigh RT utilization rates were observed irrespective of BRAF mutation status. Significantly more BRAF‐w patients received RT but more BRAF‐m patients received brain RT.
Proton pump inhibitor use significantly increases the risk of cryptogenic liver abscess: a population‐based study
Authors: Wang Y.‐P. , Liu C.‐J. , Chen T.‐J. , Lin Y.‐T. , Fung C.‐P. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) increase gastric pH and impair defence mechanisms against ingested pathogens, which may result in the overgrowth of virulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in the intestine and subsequent liver abscess.AimWe investigated the possible association between PPIs use and cryptogenic liver abscess in Taiwan.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based case–control study using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 958 adult cases of liver abscess and 3832 age‐ and sex‐matched control patients were enrolled during 2000–2010. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) in patients using PPIs before cryptogenic liver abscess.ResultsThe adjusted OR associating current use of PPIs (prescription within the past 30 days) with cryptogenic liver abscess was 4.7 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.9–7.8], and recent use of PPIs (prescription within the past 31–90 days) with cryptogenic liver abscess was 2.9 (95% CI, 1.4–6.1). A dose–response relationship was apparent for cumulative dose of PPIs within 90 days. Adjusted OR was highest among the patients receiving PPIs more than 60 cumulative defined daily dose (OR = 6.5, 95% CI, 2.8–14.9).ConclusionProton pump inhibitor therapy within the past 90 days was associated with an increased risk of cryptogenic liver abscess.