bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material Property Testing of 3D-Printed Specimen in PLA on an Entry-Level 3D Printer
Authors: Letcher Todd , Waytashek Megan 
Published: March 2015

An entry level consumer priced 3d-printer, the MakerBot Replicator 2x, was used to print specimen to conduct tensile, flexural and fatigue testing. Average priced, generic brand PLA material was used (similar to the filament a home user may purchase). Specimen were printed at raster orientation angles of 0°, 45° and 90° to test orientation effects on part strength. PLA filament was also tensile tested.
Tensile testing of the 3d-printed specimens showed that the 45° raster orientation angle made the strongest specimen at an ultimate tensile strength of 64 MPa. The 0° and 90° raster orientation were not much less at 58 MPa and 54 MPa. A 3-point bending fixture was used to conduct flexural testing on printed specimen. For this type of testing, the 0° raster orientation produced the strongest parts with an ultimate bending stress of 102 MPa. Both the 45° and 90° raster orientations had similar results at 90 MPa and 86 MPa. For the fatigue testing, there was no clear best option, but there was a clearly worst option, the 90° raster orientation. This orientation clearly had lower fatigue lives than either of the other two raster orientations. The other two raster orientations, 0° and 45°, were very similar. PLA filament testing using bollard style grips, showed that the PLA filament exhibited mechanical properties similar to that of printed specimen — when tested at high enough strain rates that creep damage didn’t play a significant role. This may lead to implications for recycling failed 3d-print jobs and turning it back into reusable filament.
Whole-Genome Sequence of “Candidatus Rickettsia asemboensis” Strain NMRCii, Isolated from Fleas of Western Kenya
Authors: Jima Dereje D. , Luce-Fedrow Alison , Yang Yu , Maina Alice N. , Snesrud Erik C. , Otiang Elkanah , Njenga Kariuki , Jarman Richard G. , Richards Allen L. , Hang Jun 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Herein we present the draft genome sequence and annotation of “Candidatus Rickettsia asemboensis” strain NMRCii. “
Ca.
Rickettsia asemboensis” is phylogenetically related to but distinct from the flea-borne spotted fever pathogen
Rickettsia felis
. “
Ca.
Rickettsia asemboensis” was initially identified in and subsequently isolated from Ctenocephalides cat and dog fleas from Kenya.
Genomes of Geoalkalibacter ferrihydriticus Z-0531
T
and Geoalkalibacter subterraneus Red1
T
, Two Haloalkaliphilic Metal-Reducing Deltaproteobacteria
Authors: Badalamenti Jonathan P. , Krajmalnik-Brown Rosa , Torres César I. , Bond Daniel R. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

We sequenced and annotated genomes of two haloalkaliphilic
Deltaproteobacteria
,
Geoalkalibacter ferrihydriticus
Z-0531
T
(DSM 17813) and
Geoalkalibacter subterraneus
Red1
T
(DSM 23483). During assembly, we discovered that the DSMZ stock culture of G. subterraneus was contaminated. We reisolated G. subterraneus in axenic culture and redeposited it in DSMZ and JCM.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Filamentous Fungus Penicillium paxilli (ATCC 26601)
Authors: Berry Daniel , Cox Murray P. , Scott Barry 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Penicillium paxilli ATCC 26601 is an asexual filamentous fungal species known for its production of the mycotoxin paxilline. We present here the 35-Mb draft genome sequence for this organism.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis Strain 3NA
Authors: Reuß Daniel R. , Schuldes Jörg , Daniel Rolf , Altenbuchner Josef 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Bacillus subtilis
3NA reaches high cell densities during fed-batch fermentation and is an interesting target for further optimization as a production strain. Here, we announce the full genome of
B. subtilis
3NA. The presence of specific
Bacillus subtilis
168 and W23 genetic features suggests that 3NA is a hybrid of these strains.
Genome Sequence Analysis Reveals Evidence of Quorum-Sensing Genes Present in Aeromonas hydrophila Strain M062, Isolated from Freshwater
Authors: Chan Kok-Gan , Tan Wen-Si , Chang Chien-Yi , Yin Wai-Fong , Mumahad Yunos Nina Yusrina 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Aeromonas hydrophila
has emerged worldwide as a human pathogen. Here, we report the draft whole-genome sequence of a freshwater isolate from Malaysia, A. hydrophila strain M062, and its
N
-acylhomoserine lactone genes are also reported here.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bordetella avium Nh1210, an Outbreak Strain of Lockjaw Syndrome
Authors: Moreno Luisa Z. , Knöbl Terezinha , Grespan André A. , Felizardo Maria R. , Gomes Cleise R. , Ferreira Thais S. P. , Xavier de Oliveira Maria Gabriela , Myriantheus Livia , Moreno Andrea Micke 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Bordetella avium
is a highly contagious bacterium that infects the upper respiratory tract of birds. B. avium Nh1210 is an outbreak strain of lockjaw syndrome in juvenile cockatiel chicks (Nymphicus hollandicus). Here, we report the draft genome sequence of strain Nh1210.
Cross-sectional comparison of point-of-care with laboratory HbA1cin detecting diabetes in real-world remote Aboriginal settings
Authors: Marley Julia V , Oh May S , Hadgraft Nyssa , Singleton Sally , Isaacs Kim , Atkinson David 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesTo determine if point-of-care (POC) glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is sufficiently accurate in real-world remote settings to predict or exclude the diagnosis of diabetes based on laboratory HbA1cmeasurements.DesignCross-sectional study comparing POC capillary HbA1cresults with corresponding venous HbA1clevels measured in a reference laboratory.ParticipantsAboriginal patients ≥15 years old who were due for diabetes screening at the participating clinics were invited to participate. Two hundred and fifty-five Aboriginal participants were enrolled and 241 were included in the analysis.Setting6 primary healthcare sites in the remote Kimberley region of Western Australia from September 2011 to November 2013.Main outcome measuresConcordance and mean differences between POC capillary blood HbA1cmeasurement and laboratory measurement of venous blood HbA1clevel; POC capillary blood HbA1cequivalence value for screening for diabetes or a high risk of developing diabetes; sensitivity, specificity and positive-predictive value for diagnosing and screening for diabetes; barriers to conducting POC testing.ResultsConcordance between POC and laboratory results was good (ρ=0.88, p<0.001). The mean difference was −0.15% (95% limits of agreement, −0.67% to 0.36%). POC HbA1cmeasurements ≥6.5%, 48 mmol/mol had a specificity of 98.2% and sensitivity of 73.7% for laboratory measurements ≥6.5%. The POC equivalence value for screening for diabetes or a high risk of developing diabetes was ≥5.7%, 39 mmol/mol (sensitivity, 91%; specificity, 76.7% for laboratory measurements ≥6.0%, 42 mmol/mol). Staff trained by other clinic staff ‘on the job’ performed as well as people with formal accredited training. Staff reported difficulty in maintaining formal accreditation.ConclusionsPOC HbA1ctesting is sufficiently accurate to be a useful component in screening for, and diagnosing, diabetes in remote communities. Limited local training is adequate to produce results comparable to laboratory results and accreditation processes need to reflect this.
Improving pain assessment and managment in stroke patients
Authors: Nesbitt Julian , Moxham Sian , ramadurai gopinath , Williams Lucy 
Published: March 2015

AbstractStroke patients can experience a variety of pain. Many stroke patients have co-morbidities such as osteoporosis, arthritis or diabetes causing diabetic neuropathy. As well as pain from other long term conditions, stroke patients can experience central post-stroke pain, headaches, and musculoskeletal issues such as hypertonia, contractures, spasticity, and subluxations. These stroke patients can also have communication difficulties in the form of expressive dysphasia and/or global aphasia. Communication difficulties can result in these patients not expressing their pain and therefore not having it assessed, leading to inadequate pain relief that could impact their rehabilitation and recovery.By implementing an observational measurement of pain such as the Abbey pain scale, patients with communication difficulties can have their pain assessed and recorded. Initially 30% of patients on the acute stroke ward did not have their pain assessed and adequately recorded and 15% of patients had inadequate pain relief. The patient was assessed if they were in pain and therefore not receiving adequate pain relief by measuring their pain on the Abbey pain scale. After introducing the Abbey pain scale and creating a nurse advocate, an improvement was shown such that only 5% of patients did not have their pain recorded and all had adequate pain relief.
Giving ourselves a head start: improving the quality of documentation of referrals to neurosurgery
Authors: Storey Madeleine , Webster Simon 
Published: March 2015

AbstractReferrals to neurosurgical units are regularly made by doctors in the emergency department (ED), intensive care and acute medicine, following brain injuries sustained by both traumatic and non-traumatic processes. Although some centres accept electronic referrals, many still rely on telephone conversations with a specialist registrar. The flaw in this style of communication is that only information volunteered or requested is relayed. Furthermore, documentation of these dialogues is often incomplete, omitting specific and vital details. Inconsistent advice from referral centres on the management of such brain injury cases had been highlighted, prompting a review of practices at local level in order to improve quality of patient care.The aim of this project was to identify the current level of documentation and improve this through departmental education and implementation of a referral proforma. National guidelines and a literature review were used to formulate the gold standard for high quality documentation.ED patient notes were retrospectively reviewed over a three month period, assessing adequacy of referral documentation to a neurosurgical centre against the parameters previously set. Initial audit results and specific case studies were presented to ED team members at an educational meeting. A "record of telephone referral to neurosurgery" (RTRN) form was also introduced. Re-audit against the same set of standards was conducted to assess any change in level of documentation and use of the form itself.The results of this project have shown that, although departmental education improves clinical practice, following the introduction and use of a protocol such as the RTRN there was a significant improvement in the level, and therefore quality of, documentation.
AXL Is a Logical Molecular Target in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Brand Toni M. , Iida Mari , Stein Andrew P. , Corrigan Kelsey L. , Braverman Cara M. , Coan John P. , Pearson Hannah E. , Bahrar Harsh , Fowler Tyler L. , Bednarz Bryan P. , Saha Sandeep , Yang David , Gill Parkash S. , Lingen Mark W. , Saloura Vassiliki , Villaflor Victoria M. , Salgia Ravi , Kimple Randall J. , Wheeler Deric L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents the eighth most common malignancy worldwide. Standard-of-care treatments for patients with HNSCC include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. In addition, the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab is often used in combination with these treatment modalities. Despite clinical success with these therapeutics, HNSCC remains a difficult malignancy to treat. Thus, identification of new molecular targets is critical.
Experimental Design: In the current study, the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL was investigated as a molecular target in HNSCC using established cell lines, HNSCC patient-derived xenografts (PDX), and human tumors. HNSCC dependency on AXL was evaluated with both anti-AXL siRNAs and the small-molecule AXL inhibitor R428. Furthermore, AXL inhibition was evaluated with standard-of-care treatment regimens used in HNSCC.
Results: AXL was found to be highly overexpressed in several models of HNSCC, where AXL was significantly associated with higher pathologic grade, presence of distant metastases, and shorter relapse-free survival in patients with HNSCC. Further investigations indicated that HNSCC cells were reliant on AXL for cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, targeting AXL increased HNSCC cell line sensitivity to chemotherapy, cetuximab, and radiation. Moreover, radiation-resistant HNSCC cell line xenografts and PDXs expressed elevated levels of both total and activated AXL, indicating a role for AXL in radiation resistance.
Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the role of AXL in HNSCC pathogenesis and supports further preclinical and clinical evaluation of anti-AXL therapeutics for the treatment of patients with HNSCC. Clin Cancer Res; 21(11); 2601–12. ©2015 AACR.
Homologous Mutation to Human BRAF V600E Is Common in Naturally Occurring Canine Bladder Cancer—Evidence for a Relevant Model System and Urine-Based Diagnostic Test
Authors: Decker Brennan , Parker Heidi G. , Dhawan Deepika , Kwon Erika M. , Karlins Eric , Davis Brian W. , Ramos-Vara José A. , Bonney Patty L. , McNiel Elizabeth A. , Knapp Deborah W. , Ostrander Elaine A. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Targeted cancer therapies offer great clinical promise, but treatment resistance is common, and basic research aimed at overcoming this challenge is limited by reduced genomic and biologic complexity in artificially induced rodent tumors compared with their human counterparts. Animal models that more faithfully recapitulate genotype-specific human pathology could improve the predictive value of these investigations. Here, a newly identified animal model for oncogenic BRAF-driven cancers is described. With 20,000 new cases in the United States each year, canine invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (InvTCC) is a common, naturally occurring malignancy that shares significant histologic, biologic, and clinical phenotypes with human muscle invasive bladder cancer. In order to identify somatic drivers of canine InvTCC, the complete transcriptome for multiple tumors was determined by RNAseq. All tumors harbored a somatic mutation that is homologous to the human BRAF(V600E) mutation, and an identical mutation was present in 87% of 62 additional canine InvTCC tumors. The mutation was also detectable in the urine sediments of all dogs tested with mutation-positive tumors. Functional experiments suggest that, like human tumors, canine activating BRAF mutations potently stimulate the MAPK pathway. Cell lines with the mutation have elevated levels of phosphorylated MEK, compared with a line with wild-type BRAF. This effect can be diminished through application of the BRAF(V600E) inhibitor vemurafenib. These findings set the stage for canine InvTCC as a powerful system to evaluate BRAF-targeted therapies, as well as therapies designed to overcome resistance, which could enhance treatment of both human and canine cancers
Implications: This study demonstrates the activating BRAF mutation (V600E), which is found in multiple human cancers, is a driver of canine InvTCC, and highlights a urine-based test for quick diagnosis. Mol Cancer Res; 13(6); 993–1002. ©2015 AACR.
Monetary Policy and Structural Decline: Lessons from Japan for the European Crisis
Authors: Schnabl Gunther 
Published: March 2015

Japan experienced a boom-and-bust cycle in the real estate and stock markets almost 20 years earlier than Europe. Since the bursting of the Japanese bubble economy, the country has fallen into a deep recession and has experimented with crisis therapies in the form of unconventional monetary expansion, Keynesian fiscal stimulus, and recapitalization of financial institutions. Japan reached a low interest rate environment in the mid 1990s and has accumulated an exceptionally high level of public debt during more than two decades of economic stagnation. This paper compares the boom-and-bust cycles in Japan and Europe with respect to the reasons for excessive booms, the characteristics of the crises, and the (potential) effects of the crisis therapies. It is argued that in both Japan and Europe the consequences of expansionary monetary and fiscal policies include the hysteresis of a low-interest rate and high government debt environment, the erosion of the allocation and signaling functions of the interest rate, the gradual quasi-nationalization of financial institutions, as well as gradual real income losses. The economic policy implication for Europe and Japan is the timely exit from crisis therapies in the form of excessively expansionary monetary and fiscal policies.
The Relationship Between Cochleovestibular Orientation, Age, and Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Formeister Eric J. , Campbell Adam P. , Choudhury Baishakhi , Huang Benjamin , Jewells Valerie , Adunka Oliver F. 
Published: March 2015

Objectives: To determine if spatial orientation of the cochlea within the temporal bone is related to age or sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and describe the implications for cochlear implantation. Methods: Five angles of cochlear orientation were determined from computed tomography (CT) imaging of the temporal bones in adults with (n = 55) and without (n = 27) sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and children with (n = 45) and without (n = 12) SNHL: facial recess versus basal turn, posterior semicircular canal versus basal turn, round window versus basal turn (axial view), round window versus basal turn (coronal view), and the cochlear axis versus the mastoid facial nerve. Results: All angles showed substantial variation between subjects and between ears. The angles between the round window and basal turn (coronal view) and the posterior semicircular canal and basal turn were significantly correlated with age for all subjects with SNHL ( r = 0.22, P = .002 and r = 0.15, P = .03, respectively). Patients with SNHL had significantly more acute angles (46.6° vs 55.8°) between the round window versus basal turn (axial orientation) compared to controls ( P < .001). Conclusions: Cochlear orientation within the temporal bone changes with age and the degree of SNHL. These results suggest that the approach to the round window for electrode insertion might differ between children and adults.
Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid for xanthochromia versus modern computed tomography scanners in the diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage: experience at a tertiary trauma referral centre
Authors: Goyale A , O’Shea J , Marsden J , Keep J , Vincent RP 
Published: March 2015

Background Diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage, a neurosurgical emergency in patients with headache remains a logistical challenge. The rationale of the traditional pathway of cerebrospinal fluid xanthochromia analysis following negative computed tomography head scans to exclude subarachnoid haemorrhage has been challenged by the increasing accuracy of modern computed tomography scanners. Aim We set out to establish whether our xanthochromia service was adding value to the diagnostic pathway for subarachnoid haemorrhage or whether it was acting merely as a supportive test. Method A retrospective audit of all cerebrospinal fluid requests received since the inception of Xanthochromia service at a tertiary trauma centre. Cases interpreted as being consistent with subarachnoid haemorrhage based on cerebrospinal fluid xanthochromia analysis were selected for in-depth review from the total number of cases. Results In total 660 requests were received for cerebrospinal fluid xanthochromia between August 2009 and July 2012. A total 28 of these were interpreted as being consistent with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Only 18 (64.3%) of requests were deemed appropriate as the clinical presentation in the remaining 10 (35.7%) was strongly suggestive of other causes of headache. A final clinical diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage was made in 11 of the 18 patients who had cerebrospinal fluid xanthochromia requested appropriately. From these 11, five (45%) were deemed initially computed tomography negative and cerebrospinal fluid analysis led to final correct diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage and appropriate surgical management. Conclusion Despite improved computed tomography scanning technology, cerebrospinal fluid xanthochromia interpretation aids in the definitive diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage. When requested appropriately cerebrospinal fluid xanthochromia analysis remains a vital service as results impact on clinical decision making, especially when computed tomography scan results are equivocal and is also important in later presenting patients when computed tomography accuracy decreases.
Biomechanical Comparison of 2 Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Preparation Techniques for Tibial Fixation
Authors: Mayr Raul , Heinrichs Christian Heinz , Eichinger Martin , Coppola Christian , Schmoelz Werner , Attal René 
Published: March 2015

Background: Cortical button fixation at the femoral side and interference screws within the tibial bone tunnel are widely used for anterior cruciate ligament graft fixation. Using a bone socket instead of a full tunnel allows cortical button fixation on the tibial side as well. If adjustable-length loop cortical button devices are used for femoral and tibial fixation, the tendon graft has to be secured with sutures in a closed tendon loop. The increased distance of fixation points and potential slippage of the tendon strands at the securing sutures might lead to greater risk of postoperative graft elongation when compared with conventional graft preparation with tibial interference screw fixation. Hypothesis: Compared with an anterior cruciate ligament graft with tibial adjustable-length loop cortical button fixation, a graft with tibial interference screw fixation will show less graft elongation during cyclic loading and lower ultimate failure loads. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Grafts with tibial adjustable-length loop cortical button fixation and grafts with tibial interference screw fixation were biomechanically tested in calf tibiae (n = 10 per group). Femoral fixation was equivalent for both groups, using an adjustable-length loop cortical button. Specimens underwent cyclic loading followed by a load-to-failure test. Results: Grafts with screw fixation showed significantly less initial elongation (cycles 1-5: 1.46 ± 0.26 mm), secondary elongation (cycles 6-1000: 1.87 ± 0.67 mm), and total elongation (cycles 1-1000: 3.33 ± 0.83 mm) in comparison with grafts with button fixation (2.47 ± 0.26, 3.56 ± 0.39, and 6.03 ± 0.61 mm, respectively) ( P < .001). While pull-out stiffness was significantly higher for grafts with screw fixation (309.5 ± 33.2 vs 185.6 ± 16.4 N/mm) ( P < .001), grafts with button fixation were able to withstand significantly higher ultimate failure loads (908 ± 74 vs 693 ± 119 N) ( P < .001). Conclusion: Grafts with tibial adjustable-length loop cortical button fixation resulted in higher graft elongation during cyclic loading and showed higher ultimate failure loads in comparison with conventional graft preparation with tibial interference screw fixation at time zero. Clinical Relevance: The results of this biomechanical study suggest that grafts with tibial interference screw fixation provide better knee stability at time zero because of reduced graft elongation and greater stiffness in comparison with grafts with tibial adjustable-length loop cortical button fixation.