bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment and management of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH): A global cross‐sectional scientific survey (CLARITY)
Authors: Skoro‐Sajer Nika , Sheares Karen , Forfia Paul , Heresi Gustavo A. , Jevnikar Mitja , Kopeć Grzegorz , Moiseeva Olga , Terra‐Filho Mario , Whitford Helen , Zhai Zhenguo , Beaudet Amélie , Gressin Virginie , Meijer Catherina , Tan Yan Zhi , Abe Kohtaro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdvances in the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) over the past decade changed the disease landscape, yet global insight on clinical practices remains limited. The CTEPH global cross‐sectional scientific survey (CLARITY) aimed to gather information on the current diagnosis, treatment, and management of CTEPH and to identify unmet medical needs. This paper focuses on the treatment and management of CTEPH patients. The survey was circulated to hospital‐based medical specialists through Scientific Societies and other medical organizations from September 2021 to May 2022. The majority of the 212 respondents involved in the treatment of CTEPH were from centers performing up to 50 pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) and/or balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) procedures per year. Variation was observed in the reported proportion of patients deemed eligible for PEA/BPA, as well as those that underwent the procedures, including multimodal treatment and subsequent follow‐up practices. Prescription of pulmonary arterial hypertension‐specific therapy was reported for a variable proportion of patients in the preoperative setting and in most nonoperable patients. Reported use of vitamin K antagonists and direct oral anticoagulants was similar (86% vs. 82%) but driven by different factors. This study presents heterogeneity in treatment approaches for CTEPH, which may be attributed to center‐specific experience and region‐specific barriers to care, highlighting the need for new clinical and cohort studies, comprehensive clinical guidelines, and continued education.
Reproductive potential and implant loss in female hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) previously contracepted with melengestrol acetate contraceptive implants at AZA institutions
Authors: McDonald Monica M. , Agnew Mary K. , Asa Cheryl S. , Simms Brandon , Wiley Jodi N. , Powell David M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMelengestrol acetate (MGA) implants are a progestin‐based reversible contraceptive used to manage fertility in animals. MGA implants are recommended for replacement every 2 years; however, reproduction may be suppressed longer if implants are not removed. In this study, we investigated whether the probability of reproducing (pR) differed among nonimplanted females, females with MGA implants removed, and females whose implants were not removed. In addition, since implant loss in hamadryas baboons is a concern, we explored whether female age, institution, implant placement year, implant location, or implant placement type (intramuscular vs. subcutaneous) differed for females whose implants were lost compared to those that were not. The pR differed significantly across all three treatment conditions with the nonimplanted group having the highest pR. The pR plateaued at 63% after 40 months for the implant‐removed group compared to 96% after 84 months in the nonimplanted group. There was no reproduction after contraception if implants were not removed (7.83–45.53 months). In the nonimplanted group, pR was significantly higher for older and parous females. In terms of implant loss, we found that implant placement type was significantly associated with implant loss, such that there were fewer losses when implants were placed intramuscularly (IM) as compared to subcutaneously. Our results suggest that placing MGA implants IM is likely to reduce loss. When loss is prevented, MGA implants are an effective form of contraception and are reliably reversibly in most individuals when removed. However, if not removed, they can prevent reproduction longer than 2 years.
Protecting Judicial Independence by Strengthening Public Confidence in the Judiciary
Authors: Viganò Francesco 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProtection of judicial independence has become a matter of great concern for the European legal space in recent years, and both European courts have intensively been addressing the topic in their judgments. Indeed, judicial independence lies at the very core of the rule of law, which is a cornerstone of both the Council of Europe and the EU, as Article 3 of the Statute of the CoE and Article 2 of the TEU make clear. At the same time – despite any recent claim to the contrary – the rule of law and judicial independence itself are an essential part of the shared constitutional identity of all the States that have freely adhered to these two international organisations.
Uniform Substitution for Differential Refinement Logic
Authors: Prebet Enguerrand , Platzer André 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a uniform substitution calculus for differential refinement logic . The logic extends the differential dynamic logic such that one can simultaneously reason about properties of and relations between hybrid systems. Refinements are useful e.g. for simplifying proofs by relating a concrete hybrid system to an abstract one from which the property can be proved more easily. Uniform substitution is the key to parsimonious prover microkernels. It enables the verbatim use of single axiom formulas instead of axiom schemata with soundness-critical side conditions scattered across the proof calculus. The uniform substitution rule can then be used to instantiate all axioms soundly. Access to differential variables in enables more control over the notion of refinement, which is shown to be decidable on a fragment of hybrid programs.
Deciphering the Belle II data on $$ B\to K\nu \overline{\nu} $$ decay in the (dark) SMEFT with minimal flavour violation
Authors: Hou Biao-Feng , Li Xin-Qiang , Shen Meng , Yang Ya-Dong , Yuan Xing-Bo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Recently, the Belle II collaboration announced the first measurement of the branching ratio $$ \mathcal{B}\left({B}^{+}\to {K}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu}\right) $$
B

B
+

→

K
+

ν

ν
¯

, which is found to be about 2.7σ higher than the Standard Model (SM) prediction. We decipher the data with two new physics scenarios: the underlying quark-level $$ b\to s\nu \overline{\nu} $$
b
→
sν

ν
¯

transition is, besides the SM contribution, further affected by heavy new mediators that are much heavier than the electroweak scale, or amended by an additional decay channel with undetected light final states like dark matter or axion-like particles. These two scenarios can be most conveniently analyzed in the SM effective field theory (SMEFT) and the dark SMEFT (DSMEFT) framework, respectively. We consider the flavour structures of the resulting effective operators to be either generic or satisfy the minimal flavour violation (MFV) hypothesis, both for the quark and lepton sectors. In the first scenario, once the MFV assumption is made, only one SM-like low-energy effective operator induced by the SMEFT dimension-six operators can account for the Belle II excess, whose parameter space is, however, excluded by the Belle upper bound of the branching ratio $$ \mathcal{B}\left({B}^0\to {K}^{\ast 0}\nu \overline{\nu}\right) $$
B

B
0

→

K

∗
0

ν

ν
¯

. In the second scenario, it is found that the Belle II excess can be accommodated by 22 of the DSMEFT operators involving one or two scalar, fermionic, or vector dark matters as well as axion-like particles. These operators also receive dominant constraints from the B0 → K*0 + inv and Bs → inv decays. Once the MFV hypothesis is assumed, the number of viable operators is reduced to 14, and the B+ → π+ + inv and K+ → π+ + inv decays start to put further constraints on them. Within the parameter space allowed by all the current experimental data, the q2 distributions of the B → K(*) + inv decays are then studied for each viable operator. We find that the resulting prediction of the operator $$ {\mathcal{Q}}_{q\chi}=\left({\overline{q}}_p{\gamma}_{\mu }{q}_r\right)\left(\overline{\chi}{\gamma}^{\mu}\chi \right) $$

Q
qχ

=

q
¯

p

γ
μ

q
r

χ
¯

γ
μ

χ

with a fermionic dark matter mass mχ ≈ 700 MeV can closely match the Belle II event distribution in the bins 2 ≤ q2 ≤ 7 GeV2. In addition, we, for the first time, calculate systematically the longitudinal polarization fraction FL of K* in the B → K* + inv decays within the DLEFT. By combining the decay spectra and FL, almost all the DSMEFT operators are found to be distinguishable from each other. Finally, the future prospects at Belle II, CEPC and FCC-ee are also discussed for some of these FCNC processes.
Spectral Convergence of the Dirac Operator on Typical Hyperbolic Surfaces of High Genus
Authors: Monk Laura , Stan Rareş 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this article, we study the Dirac spectrum of typical hyperbolic surfaces of finite area, equipped with a nontrivial spin structure (so that the Dirac spectrum is discrete). For random Weil–Petersson surfaces of large genus g with

$$o(\sqrt{g})$$

o
(

g

)

cusps, we prove convergence of the spectral density to the spectral density of the hyperbolic plane, with quantitative error estimates. This result implies upper bounds on spectral counting functions and multiplicities, as well as a uniform Weyl law, true for typical hyperbolic surfaces equipped with any nontrivial spin structure.
Application of Friction Riveting technique for the assembly of electronic components on printed circuit boards (PCB)
Authors: Rodrigues Camila F. , Boas Maria C. Vilas , Blaga Lucian , Bartz Olaf , Klusemann Benjamin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the effects of reducing the diameter of rivets used in Friction Riveting due to the need for downscaling when joining assemblies on a smaller scale. The Friction Riveting process has shown promising feasibility for a variety of material combinations and applications in the transportation industry. Recent research has explored the potential application of this technique in electronics, specifically for the assembly of printed circuit boards (PCBs), using AA-2024-T351 rivets on thin glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy substrates (FR4). The joint formation of joints produced with PCBs was investigated in terms of process temperature evolution, microstructural changes, and mechanical properties. Joints were obtained at process temperatures ranging from 285 ºC to 368 ºC. The use of 4 mm rivets resulted in extensive delamination, weak joint mechanisms, and cracking, impaired by the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials involved. Reducing the rivet diameter to 3 mm significantly improved joint quality. A further reduction to 2.5 mm minimized delamination but led to insufficient anchorage and cracking. Joints produced with a 3 mm rivet diameter achieved the highest ultimate tensile force of 276 N. This study sets the foundation for applying the Friction Riveting process to practical PCB assemblies, demonstrating that optimizing the process parameters to the diameter-to-thickness ratio can balance sufficient rivet anchoring, minimize delamination, and reduce cracking.
Integer Optimal Control with Fractional Perimeter Regularization
Authors: Antil Harbir , Manns Paul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMotivated by many applications, optimal control problems with integer controls have recently received a significant attention. Some state-of-the-art work uses perimeter-regularization to derive stationarity conditions and trust-region algorithms. However, the discretization is difficult in this case because the perimeter is concentrated on a set of dimension$$d - 1$$d-1for a domain of dimensiond. This article proposes a potential way to overcome this challenge by using the fractional nonlocal perimeter with fractional exponent$$0<\alpha <1$$0<α<1. In this way, the boundary integrals in the perimeter regularization are replaced by volume integrals. Besides establishing some non-trivial properties associated with this perimeter, a$$\Gamma $$Γ-convergence result is derived. This result establishes convergence of minimizers of fractional perimeter-regularized problem, to the standard one, as the exponent$$\alpha $$αtends to 1. In addition, the stationarity results are derived and algorithmic convergence analysis is carried out for$$\alpha \in (0.5,1)$$α∈(0.5,1)under an additional assumption on the gradient of the reduced objective. The theoretical results are supplemented by a preliminary computational experiment. We observe that the isotropy of the total variation may be approximated by means of the fractional perimeter functional.
In vivo cloning of PCR product via site-specific recombination in Escherichia coli
Authors: Aliakbari Moein , Karkhane Ali Asghar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Over the past years, several methods have been developed for gene cloning. Choosing a cloning strategy depends on various factors, among which simplicity and affordability have always been considered. The aim of this study, on the one hand, is to simplify gene cloning by skipping in vitro assembly reactions and, on the other hand, to reduce costs by eliminating relatively expensive materials. We investigated a cloning system using Escherichia coli harboring two plasmids, pLP-AmpR and pScissors-CmR. The pLP-AmpR contains a landing pad (LP) consisting of two genes (λ int and λ gam) that allow the replacement of the transformed linear DNA using site-specific recombination. After the replacement process, the inducible expressing SpCas9 and specific sgRNA from the pScissors-CmR (CRISPR/Cas9) vector leads to the removal of non-recombinant pLP-AmpR plasmids. The function of LP was explored by directly transforming PCR products. The pScissors-CmR plasmid was evaluated for curing three vectors, including the origins of pBR322, p15A, and pSC101. Replacing LP with a PCR product and fast-eradicating pSC101 origin-containing vectors was successful. Recombinant colonies were confirmed following gene replacement and plasmid curing processes. The results made us optimistic that this strategy may potentially be a simple and inexpensive cloning method.

Key points
•The in vivo cloning was performed by replacing the target gene with the landing pad.
•Fast eradication of non-recombinant plasmids was possible by adapting key vectors.
•This strategy is not dependent on in vitro assembly reactions and expensive materials.
The impact of obesity surgery on newborn anthropometrics in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Huke Camilla Johannesen , Romsaas Therese , Vanky Eszter , Huse Karoline , Ødegård Rønnaug , Nymo Siren , Hoff Dag Arne Lihaug , Sandvik Jorunn 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Obesity surgery and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are both associated with increased risk of intrauterine growth restriction. We investigated whether offspring of mothers with PCOS who underwent obesity surgery had an increased risk of deviating birth anthropometrics compared to offspring of mothers without PCOS.

Methods
In this observational study, data from two study databases (BAROBS and PregMet2) were supplemented with data from patient’s records from secondary and tertiary hospitals. In total, 162 offspring born to mothers with PCOS (n = 48) and without PCOS (n = 114) were included. Forty-nine offspring were born prior to, and 113 after obesity surgery.

Results
Mean ± SD birthweight (BW), birth length (BL), and head circumference (HC) before and after surgery for offspring born to mothers with PCOS were 3987 ± 495 g vs 3396 ± 526 g (P = 0.001), 52.2 ± 1.6 cm vs 50.1 ± 2.2 cm (P = 0.010), and 36.3 ± 1.97 cm vs 35.3 ± 1.66 cm (P = 0.183), respectively. In the non-PCOS group BW, BL and HC before and after were 3859 ± 603 g vs 3490 ± 538 g (P = 0.001), 51.3 ± 2.0 cm vs 49.9 ± 2.5 cm (P = 0.013), and 36.4 ± 2.0 cm vs 35.3 ± 1.8 cm (P = 0.016), respectively. Post-surgery, we found no difference in z-score BW, (∆–0.08, P = 0.677), BL (∆0.21, P = 0.184), and HC (∆0.14, P = 0.476) between children of PCOS and non-PCOS mothers.

Comclusion
Babies born after obesity surgery were smaller and shorter in both the PCOS and non-PCOS group. Post-surgery anthropometrics were similar in babies born to mothers with and without PCOS.
Cognitive household labor: gender disparities and consequences for maternal mental health and wellbeing
Authors: Aviv Elizabeth , Waizman Yael , Kim Elizabeth , Liu Jasmine , Rodsky Eve , Saxbe Darby 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Although the division of unpaid household labor has been studied as a driver of global gender inequity, the cognitive dimension of household labor—planning, anticipating, and delegating household tasks—has received less empirical investigation. Cognitive household labor represents a form of invisible and often unacknowledged domestic work that has been challenging to measure.

Methods
Within 322 mothers of young children, we assessed the division of both cognitive (“planning”) and physical (“execution”) household labor within 30 common household tasks using a self-report measure.

Results
We found that while mothers did more of the overall domestic labor than their partners, the division of cognitive labor was particularly gendered, such that women’s share of cognitive labor was more disproportionate than physical household labor. We found that cognitive labor was associated with women’s depression, stress, burnout, overall mental health, and relationship functioning.

Conclusions
This study is one of the first to investigate cognitive labor quantitatively, and the first to investigate cognitive and physical dimensions within the same household tasks. Understanding how cognitive labor affects mothers’ mental wellbeing has important implications for both practice and policy.
Instability in Computational Models of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Contraction
Authors: Giudici Alessandro , Szafron Jason M. , Ramachandra Abhay B. , Spronck Bart 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Through their contractile and synthetic capacity, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can regulate the stiffness and resistance of the circulation. To model the contraction of blood vessels, an active stress component can be added to the (passive) Cauchy stress tensor. Different constitutive formulations have been proposed to describe this active stress component. Notably, however, measuring biomechanical behaviour of contracted blood vessels ex vivo presents several experimental challenges, which complicate the acquisition of comprehensive datasets to inform complex active stress models. In this work, we examine formulations for use with limited experimental contraction data as well as those developed to capture more comprehensive datasets.

Methods
First, we prove analytically that a subset of constitutive active stress formulations exhibits unstable behaviours (i.e., a non-unique diameter solution for a given pressure) in certain parameter ranges, particularly for large contractile deformations. Second, using experimental literature data, we present two case studies where these formulations are used to capture the contractile response of VSMCs in the presence of (1) limited and (2) extensive contraction data.

Results
We show how limited contraction data complicates selecting an appropriate active stress model for vascular applications, potentially resulting in unrealistic modelled behaviours.

Conclusion
Our data provide a useful reference for selecting an active stress model which balances the trade-off between accuracy and available biomechanical information. Whilst complex physiologically motivated models’ superior accuracy is recommended whenever active biomechanics can be extensively characterised experimentally, a constant 2nd Piola-Kirchhoff active stress model balances well accuracy and applicability with sparse contractile data.
Verification and Validation for Large Eddy Simulation of Cavitating Flow Around a Projectile Near the Free Surface
Authors: Deng Linfeng , Long Yun , Cheng Huaiyu , Ji Bin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVerification and validation (V&V) is a helpful tool for evaluating simulation errors, but its application in unsteady cavitating flow remains a challenging issue due to the difficulty in meeting the requirement of an asymptotic range. Hence, a new V&V approach for large eddy simulation (LES) is proposed. This approach offers a viable solution for the error estimation of simulation data that are unable to satisfy the asymptotic range. The simulation errors of cavitating flow around a projectile near the free surface are assessed using the new V&V method. The evident error values are primarily dispersed around the cavity region and free surface. The increasingly intense cavitating flow increases the error magnitudes. In addition, the modeling error magnitudes of the Dynamic Smagorinsky–Lilly model are substantially smaller than that of the Smagorinsky–Lilly model. The present V&V method can capture the decrease in the modeling errors due to model enhancements, further exhibiting its applicability in cavitating flow simulations. Moreover, the monitoring points where the simulation data are beyond the asymptotic range are primarily dispersed near the cavity region, and the number of such points grows as the cavitating flow intensifies. The simulation outcomes also suggest that the re-entrant jet and shedding cavity collapse are the chief sources of vorticity motions, which remarkably affect the simulation accuracy. The results of this study provide a valuable reference for V&V research.
Examining the influencing factors of elementary and high school STEM teachers’ self-efficacy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Xin-Ning , Liao Hui-Yan , Guan Lin-Xue 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe meta-analysis study aimed to investigate the impact of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education on the elementary and high school teachers’ self-efficacy. By analyzing 20 studies (N = 1,964) published between 2007 and 2022, we explored the effect size of STEM education on teachers’ self-efficacy and examined the potential moderating variables. The results of the study indicate that compared to non-STEM education and other educational models, STEM education has a significantly positive impact on the self-efficacy of elementary and high school teachers. This means that through receiving STEM education, teachers become more confident and capable in teaching STEM subjects. This finding is of great importance in improving teachers’ instructional effectiveness and students’ learning outcomes. Additionally, we examined several moderating variables, including sample size, control treatments, subject, educational levels, countries, and questionnaire measurements. The analysis of these moderating variables revealed differences in their impact on the relationship between STEM education and teachers’ self-efficacy. This provides valuable information for future research and offers guidance for designing and implementing STEM education programs and interventions. Therefore, the findings of this meta-analysis study emphasize the positive impact of STEM education on the elementary and high school teachers’ self-efficacy. It provides important guidance for educational policymakers and practitioners to promote the development of STEM education and enhance teachers’ instructional abilities and students’ learning outcomes.