bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climatologies of nighttime thermospheric winds and temperatures from Fabry‐Perot interferometer measurements: From solar minimum to solar maximum
Authors: Fisher Daniel J. , Makela Jonathan J. , Meriwether John W. , Buriti Ricardo A. , Benkhaldoun Zouhair , Kaab Mohamed , Lagheryeb Amine 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe present a climatology of quiet time thermospheric winds and temperatures estimated from high‐resolution Fabry‐Perot interferometer measurements of the 630.0 nm airglow emission spectral line shape. Three locations are examined in this long‐term study: northeastern Brazil (August 2009 to August 2014), a midlatitude site in North Carolina, USA (June 2011 to December 2014), and a midlatitude site in Morocco (November 2013 to December 2014). We discuss the day‐to‐day, seasonal, and solar cycle trends and variations of thermospheric meridional winds, zonal winds, neutral temperatures, and for the first time vertical winds. Observations made from solar minimum to solar maximum (with F10.7 values ranging from ∼70 to ∼159 solar flux units) confirm that neutral temperatures have a strong solar cycle dependence. However, this data set shows that the neutral winds are more closely tied to the seasonal variation, rather than the solar cycle. We also present comparisons between the two midlatitude sites and include neutral wind comparisons to the updated Horizontal Wind Model 14.
A Simple and Efficient Access to Naphtho[b]furans by Claisen Rearrangement/Cyclization of Bromonaphthyl 3‐Phenylallyl Ethers
Authors: Wang Wei , Huang Jin , Zhou Rong , Jiang Zhi‐Jie , Fu Hai‐Yan , Zheng Xue‐Li , Chen Hua , Li Rui‐Xiang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free Claisen rearrangement/cyclization reaction was developed for the synthesis of naphthofuran derivatives from bromonaphthyl 3‐phenylallyl ethers. The nature of the base employed in this reaction plays an important role in determining the ratio for the formation of naphthofuran and naphthol products. By using K2CO3 as base and DMF as solvent, we have synthesized a variety of functionalized naphthofurans in good to high yields (49–92 %) and with satisfactory selectivities.magnified image
An Efficient Synthesis of N‐(Hetero)arylcarbazoles: Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction between (Hetero)aryl Chlorides and N‐Carbazolylmagnesium Chloride
Authors: Nakayama Yuji , Yokoyama Naota , Nara Hideki , Kobayashi Tohru , Fujiwhara Mitsuhiko 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn efficient method for the synthesis of N‐(hetero)arylcarbazoles, useful compounds for functional materials, is reported. Various (hetero)aryl chlorides reacted with N‐carbazolylmagnesium chloride in the presence of a palladium catalyst (0.05 to 0.2 mol%) prepared from allylpalladium(II) chloride dimer {[PdCl(allyl)]2} and di‐tert‐butyl(2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐methylcyclopropan‐1‐yl)phosphine (cBRIDP) under mild conditions (110 °C) in a short period of time (15 min to 2 h) to give N‐(hetero)arylcarbazoles in high yields. The reactions of bromochlorobenzenes proceeded in favour of the bromo group to afford N‐(chlorophenyl)carbazoles in a highly selective manner. Functional materials for use in organic light‐emitting diodes, such as mCP, 26mcPy, CBP and TCB, were also obtained in high yields within 15 min by the reaction of (hetero)aryl polyhalides. Optimization of the reaction conditions and a postulated catalytic cycle for the reaction are also discussed.magnified image
Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroacylation of α‐Keto Amides and Isatins with Non‐Chelating Aldehydes
Authors: Kou Kevin G. M. , Longobardi Lauren E. , Dong Vy M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe application of the bidentate, electron‐rich bisphosphine ligand, 1,3‐bis(dicyclohexyl)phosphine‐propane (dcpp), in rhodium(I)‐catalyzed intermolecular ketone hydroacylation is herein described. Isatins and α‐keto amides are shown to undergo hydroacylation with a variety of non‐chelating linear and branched aliphatic aldehydes. Also reported is the synthesis of new bidentate chiral phosphine ligands, and their application in hydroacylation is discussed.magnified image
Nucleophilic Addition versus SNAr Study: Chemo‐, Regio‐ and Stereoselective Hydrothiolation of Haloaryl Alkynes over S‐Arylation of Aryl Halides
Authors: Patel Monika , Saunthwal Rakesh K. , Dhaked Devendra K. , Bharatam Prasad V. , Verma Akhilesh K. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBase‐mediated regio‐, stereo‐, and chemoselective nucleophilic addition of thiophenols onto bromo‐substituted aryl alkynes over S‐arylation of aryl halides is described. The regio‐ and stereochemistry of the products is well supported by spectral studies and X‐ray crystallography. Competitive experiments showed that hydroamination is preferred over hydrothiolation. The stereoselectivity, competitive nucleophilic addition, and mechanistic pathway were corroborated by experimental and computational evidence.
Setting the stage for medieval plague: Pre‐black death trends in survival and mortality
Authors: DeWitte Sharon N. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVESThe 14th‐century Black Death was one of the most devastating epidemics in human history, killing tens of millions of people in a short period of time. It is not clear why mortality rates during the epidemic were so high. One possibility is that the affected human populations were particularly stressed in the 14thcentury, perhaps as a result of repeated famines in areas such as England. This project examines survival and mortality in two pre‐Black Death time periods, 11–12thcenturies vs 13thcentury CE, to determine if demographic conditions were deteriorating before the epidemic occurred.MATERIALS AND METHODSThis study is done using a sample of individuals from several London cemeteries that have been dated, in whole or in part, either to the 11–12thcenturies (n = 339) or 13thcentury (n = 258). Temporal trends in survivorship and mortality are assessed via Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and by modeling time period as a covariate affecting the Gompertz hazard of adult mortality.RESULTSThe age‐at‐death distributions from the two pre‐Black Death time periods are significantly different, with fewer older adults in 13thcentury. The results of Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicate reductions in survival before the Black Death, with significantly lower survival in the 13thcentury (Mantel Coxp < 0.001). Last, hazard analysis reveals increases in mortality rates before the Black Death.CONCLUSIONSTogether, these results suggest that health in general was declining in the 13thcentury, and this might have led to high mortality during the Black Death. This highlights the importance of considering human context to understand disease in past and living human populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:441–451, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inferring the genetic history of lactase persistence along the Italian peninsula from a large genomic interval surrounding the LCT gene
Authors: De Fanti Sara , Sazzini Marco , Giuliani Cristina , Frazzoni Federica , Sarno Stefania , Boattini Alessio , Marasco Elena , Mantovani Vilma , Franceschi Claudio , Moral Pedro , Garagnani Paolo , Luiselli Donata 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlthough genetic variants related to lactase persistence in European populations were supposed to have firstly undergone positive selection in farmers from the Balkans and Central Europe, demographic and evolutionary dynamics that subsequently shaped the distribution of this adaptive trait across the continent have still to be elucidated. To deepen the knowledge about potential routes of diffusion of lactase persistence to Western Europe we investigated variation at a large genomic region surrounding the LCT gene along the Italian peninsula, a geographical area that played a key role in population movements responsible for Neolithic diffusion across Europe.MethodsBy genotyping 40 highly selected SNPs in more than 400 Italian individuals we described gradients of nucleotide and haplotype variation potentially related to lactase persistence and compared them with those observed in several European and Mediterranean human groups.ResultsMultiple migratory events responsible for earlier introduction of the examined alleles in Italy than in Northern European regions could be invoked. Different demic processes occurred along the western and eastern sides of the peninsula were also inferred via linkage disequilibrium and population structure analyses.ConclusionThe appreciable genetic continuum observed between people from Northern or Central‐Western Italy and Central European populations suggested a local arrival of lactase persistence‐related variants mainly via overland routes. On the contrary, diversity of Central‐Eastern and Southern Italian groups entailed also gene flow from South‐Eastern Mediterranean regions, in accordance to the earlier entrance of the Neolithic in Southern Italy via maritime population movements along the Mediterranean coastlines. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:708–718, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatial, Hysteretic, and Adaptive Host–Guest Chemistry in a Metal–Organic Framework with Open Watson–Crick Sites
Authors: Cai Hong , Li Mian , Lin Xiao‐Rong , Chen Wei , Chen Guang‐Hui , Huang Xiao‐Chun , Li Dan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBiological and artificial molecules and assemblies capable of supramolecular recognition, especially those with nucleobase pairing, usually rely on autonomous or collective binding to function. Advanced site‐specific recognition takes advantage of cooperative spatial effects, as in local folding in protein–DNA binding. Herein, we report a new nucleobase‐tagged metal–organic framework (MOF), namely ZnBTCA (BTC=benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxyl, A=adenine), in which the exposed Watson–Crick faces of adenine residues are immobilized periodically on the interior crystalline surface. Systematic control experiments demonstrated the cooperation of the open Watson–Crick sites and spatial effects within the nanopores, and thermodynamic and kinetic studies revealed a hysteretic host–guest interaction attributed to mild chemisorption. We further exploited this behavior for adenine–thymine binding within the constrained pores, and a globally adaptive response of the MOF host was observed.
Construction of Versatile and Functional Nanostructures Derived from CO2‐based Polycarbonates
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Fan Jingwei , Darensbourg Donald J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe construction of amphiphilic polycarbonates through epoxides/CO2 coupling is a challenging aim to provide more diverse CO2‐based functional materials. In this report, we demonstrate the facile preparation of diverse and functional nanoparticles derived from a CO2‐based triblock polycarbonate system. By the judicious use of water as chain‐transfer reagent in the propylene oxide/CO2 polymerization, poly(propylene carbonate (PPC) diols are successfully produced and serve as macroinitiators in the subsequent allyl glycidyl ether/CO2 coupling reaction. The resulting ABA triblock polycarbonate can be further functionalized with various thiols by radical mediated thiol–ene click chemistry, followed by self‐assembly in deionized water to construct a versatile and functional nanostructure system. This class of amphiphilic polycarbonates could embody a powerful platform for biomedical applications.
A Twist‐Bend Nematic (NTB) Phase of Chiral Materials
Authors: Gorecka Ewa , Vaupotič Nataša , Zep Anna , Pociecha Damian , Yoshioka Jun , Yamamoto Jun , Takezoe Hideo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNew chiral dimers consisting of a rod‐like and cholesterol mesogenic units are reported to form a chiral twist‐bend nematic phase (NTB*) with heliconical structure. The compressibility of the NTB phase made of bent dimers was found to be as large as in smectic phases, which is consistent with the nanoperiodic structure of the NTB phase. The atomic force microscopy observations in chiral bent dimers revealed a periodicity of about 50 nm, which is significantly larger than the one reported previously for non‐chiral compounds (ca. 10 nm).
A Functional Role for Aβ in Metal Homeostasis? N‐Truncation and High‐Affinity Copper Binding
Authors: Mital Mariusz , Wezynfeld Nina E. , Frączyk Tomasz , Wiloch Magdalena Z. , Wawrzyniak Urszula E. , Bonna Arkadiusz , Tumpach Carolin , Barnham Kevin J. , Haigh Cathryn L. , Bal Wojciech , Drew Simon C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAccumulation of the β‐amyloid (Aβ) peptide in extracellular senile plaques rich in copper and zinc is a defining pathological feature of Alzheimer′s disease (AD). The Aβ1–x (x=16/28/40/42) peptides have been the primary focus of CuII binding studies for more than 15 years; however, the N‐truncated Aβ4–42 peptide is a major Aβ isoform detected in both healthy and diseased brains, and it contains a novel N‐terminal FRH sequence. Proteins with His at the third position are known to bind CuII avidly, with conditional log K values at pH 7.4 in the range of 11.0–14.6, which is much higher than that determined for Aβ1–x peptides. By using Aβ4–16 as a model, it was demonstrated that its FRH sequence stoichiometrically binds CuII with a conditional Kd value of 3×10−14 M at pH 7.4, and that both Aβ4–16 and Aβ4–42 possess negligible redox activity. Combined with the predominance of Aβ4–42 in the brain, our results suggest a physiological role for this isoform in metal homeostasis within the central nervous system.
Boronate‐Affinity Glycan‐Oriented Surface Imprinting: A New Strategy to Mimic Lectins for the Recognition of an Intact Glycoprotein and Its Characteristic Fragments
Authors: Bie Zijun , Chen Yang , Ye Jin , Wang Shuangshou , Liu Zhen 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLectins possess unique binding properties and are of particular value in molecular recognition. However, lectins suffer from several disadvantages, such as being hard to prepare and showing poor storage stability. Boronate‐affinity glycan‐oriented surface imprinting was developed as a new strategy for the preparation of lectin‐like molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The prepared MIPs could specifically recognize an intact glycoprotein and its characteristic fragments, even within a complex sample matrix. Glycan‐imprinted MIPs could thus prove to be powerful tools for important applications such as proteomics, glycomics, and diagnostics.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed CH Annulation of Nitrones with Alkynes: A Regiospecific Route to Unsymmetrical 2,3‐Diaryl‐Substituted Indoles
Authors: Yan Hao , Wang Haolong , Li Xincheng , Xin Xiaoyi , Wang Chunxiang , Wan Boshun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe direct CH annulation of anilines or related compounds with internal alkynes provides straightforward access to 2,3‐disubstituted indole products. However, this transformation proceeds with poor regioselectivity in the synthesis of unsymmetrically 2,3‐diaryl substituted indoles. Herein, we report the rhodium(III)‐catalyzed CH annulation of nitrones with symmetrical diaryl alkynes as an alternative method to prepare 2,3‐diaryl‐substituted N‐unprotected indoles with two different aryl groups. One of the aryl substituents is derived from NC‐aryl ring of the nitrone and the other from the alkyne substrate, thus providing the indole products with exclusive regioselectivity.
A Reaction of Triazoles with Thioesters to Produce β‐Sulfanyl Enamides by Insertion of an Enamine Moiety into the Sulfur–Carbonyl Bond
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Fujimoto Yoshikazu , Funakoshi Yuuta , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractN‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles react with thioesters in the presence of a rhodium(II) catalyst to produce β‐sulfanyl enamides in a stereoselective manner. The reaction proceeds through generation of an α‐imino rhodium carbene complex, nucleophilic addition of the sulfur atom of a thioester onto the carbenoid carbon atom, and subsequent intramolecular migration of the acyl group from the sulfur atom to the imino nitrogen atom. The method is successfully applied to a ring‐expansion reaction of thiolactones, thus leading to the formation of sulfur‐containing lactams.
Dynamic Expression of DNA Complexation with Self‐assembled Biomolecular Clusters
Authors: Bartolami Eline , Bessin Yannick , Gervais Virginie , Dumy Pascal , Ulrich Sébastien 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe report herein the implementation of a dynamic covalent chemistry approach to the generation of multivalent clusters for DNA recognition. We show that biomolecular clusters can be expressed in situ by a programmed self‐assembly process using chemoselective ligations. The cationic clusters are shown, by fluorescence displacement assay, gel electrophoresis and isothermal titration calorimetry, to effectively complex DNA through multivalent interactions. The reversibility of the ligation was exploited to demonstrate that template effects occur, whereby DNA imposes component selection in order to favor the most active DNA‐binding clusters. Furthermore, we show that a chemical effector can be used to trigger DNA release through component exchange reactions.
A Simple NMR‐Based Method for Studying the Spatial Distribution of Linkers within Mixed‐Linker Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Krajnc Andraž , Kos Tomaž , Zabukovec Logar Nataša , Mali Gregor 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe spatial distribution of different linkers within mixed‐linker metal–organic frameworks crucially influences the properties of such materials. A simple and robust approach based on 1H spin‐diffusion magic‐angle‐spinning nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and modeling of spin‐diffusion curves is presented; this approach facilitates the distinction between homogeneous and clustered distributions. The performance of the approach is demonstrated with an example of an aluminum‐based metal–organic material DUT‐5, which has framework consisting of biphenyl and bipyridyl dicarboxylic linkers. The distribution is shown to be homogeneous in this material. The approach could be applied to studying other spatially disordered crystalline materials.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Click Chemistry
Authors: Mueller Jan O. , Schmidt Friedrich G. , Blinco James P. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA rapid and catalyst‐free cycloaddition system for visible‐light‐induced click chemistry is reported. A readily accessible photoreactive 2H‐azirine moiety was designed to absorb light at wavelengths above 400 nm. Irradiation with low‐energy light sources thus enables efficient small‐molecule synthesis with a diverse range of multiple‐bond‐containing compounds. Moreover, in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the current approach, quantitative ligation of the photoactivatable chromophore with functional polymeric substrates was performed and full conversion with irradiation times of only 1 min at ambient conditions was achieved. The current report thus presents a highly efficient method for applications involving selective cycloaddition to electron‐deficient multiple‐bond‐containing materials.
Single‐Vehicular Delivery of Antagomir and Small Molecules to Inhibit miR‐122 Function in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by using “Smart” Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Changmin , Qian Linghui , Uttamchandani Mahesh , Li Lin , Yao Shao Q. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate a variety of biological processes. The liver‐specific, highly abundant miR‐122 is implicated in many human diseases including cancer. Its inhibition has been found to result in a dramatic loss in the ability of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) to infect host cells. Both antisense technology and small molecules have been used to independently inhibit endogenous miR‐122 function, but not in combination. Intracellular stability, efficient delivery, hydrophobicity, and controlled release are some of the current challenges associated with these novel therapeutic methods. Reported herein is the first single‐vehicular system, based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), for simultaneous cellular delivery of miR‐122 antagomir and small molecule inhibitors. The controlled release of both types of inhibitors depends on the expression levels of endogenous miR‐122, thus enabling these drug‐loaded MSNs to achieve combination inhibition of its targeted mRNAs in Huh7 cells.
Cryopreservation of adhered mammalian cells on a microfluidic device: Toward ready‐to‐use cell‐based experimental platforms
Authors: Kondo Eitaro , Wada Ken‐Ichi , Hosokawa Kazuo , Maeda Mizuo 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we describe cryopreservation of mammalian cells in the adhered state on a microfluidic device (microdevice) for the first time. HeLa, NIH3T3, MCF‐7, and PC12 cells were cultured on a microdevice in which a commercial polystyrene dish surface was used as the cell adhesion surface. Without cell‐detaching treatment, the microdevice was stored in a freezer at −80°C. After thawing, we observed a greater number of live cells on the microdevice than those on a control culture dish. Although the effectiveness of the microdevice varied depending on the cell type and surface coating, the trend was consistent. We confirmed that the phenotype of the PC12 cells to differentiate into neuron‐like cells was kept after the on‐chip cryopreservation, and that the results of cytotoxicity test of cisplatin against the HeLa cells were essentially unchanged by the on‐chip cryopreservation. These findings will open up a new possibility of ready‐to‐use cell‐based experimental platforms. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 237–240. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural and functional characteristics of virgin and fouled Protein A MabSelect resin cycled in a monoclonal antibody purification process
Authors: Zhang Shaojie , Xu Kerui , Daniels William , Salm Jeffrey , Glynn Judy , Martin Joseph , Gallo Christopher , Godavarti Ranga , Carta Giorgio 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe structural and functional characteristics of the Protein A MabSelect resin are determined for a virgin sample and for samples removed from a column that had been operated in an antibody capture process which had shown losses in product recovery over fewer than 20 cycles. Compared to the virgin resin, the cycled samples show reduced porosity and apparent pore size based on inverse size exclusion chromatography while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows accumulation of foulants on the cycled resin. Adsorption isotherms, batch adsorption kinetics, and batch desorption kinetics, obtained using the antibody in purified form, show that the cycled samples have about 10% lower binding capacity and slower mass transfer. Confocal scanning laser microscopy shows, however, that different degrees of fouling exist for different beads in the cycled samples, which may correspond to the existence of areas exposed to minimal or no flow in the process column. Replacing the standard cleaning procedure with an improved multi‐step cleaning protocol prevented the accumulation of foulants in the resin beads, as evident from TEM, and resulted in a stable operation with high recovery. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 367–375. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.