bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brane mechanics and gapped Lie n-algebroids
Authors: Chatzistavrakidis Athanasios , Kodžoman Toni , Škoda Zoran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We draw a parallel between the BV/BRST formalism for higher-dimensional (≥ 2) Hamiltonian mechanics and higher notions of torsion and basic curvature tensors for generalized connections in specific Lie n-algebroids based on homotopy Poisson structures. The gauge systems we consider include Poisson sigma models in any dimension and “generalised R-flux” deformations thereof, such as models with an (n + 2)-form-twisted R-Poisson target space. Their BV/BRST action includes interaction terms among the fields, ghosts and antifields whose coefficients acquire a geometric meaning by considering twisted Koszul multibrackets that endow the target space with a structure that we call a gapped almost Lie n-algebroid. Studying covariant derivatives along n-forms, we define suitable polytorsion and basic polycurvature tensors and identify them with the interaction coefficients in the gauge theory, thus relating models for topological n-branes to differential geometry on Lie n-algebroids.
Elliptic deformation of the Gaiotto-Rapčák corner VOA and the associated partially symmetric polynoimals
Authors: Cheewaphutthisakun Panupong , Shiraishi Jun’ichi , Wiboonton Keng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We construct the elliptic Miura transformation and use it to obtain the expression of the currents of elliptic corner VOA. We subsequently prove a novel combinatorial formula that is essential for deriving the quadratic relations of the currents. In addition, we give a conjecture that relates the correlation function of the currents of elliptic corner VOA to a certain family of partially symmetric polynomials. The elliptic Macdonald polynomials, constructed recently by Awata-Kanno- Mironov-Morozov-Zenkevich, and Fukuda-Ohkubo-Shiraishi, can be obtained as a particular case of this family.
Androgendeprivation als Initial- und Basistherapie beim Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Goebell Peter J. , Cornelius Felix , Fernandez Milano Annika , Hessler Sybill , Schulze Matthias 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ziel dieser Studie war die Bestimmung des Anteils der Patienten mit einem Prostatakarzinom (PCa), die nach Beginn einer Therapie für ein kastrationsresistentes Prostatakarzinom (KRPCa) die primäre Androgendeprivationstherapie (ADT) beibehielten sowie die Beschreibung ihrer Behandlungsmuster.

Methodik
Retrospektive Analyse von 609.308 Patienten in urologischen Praxen in Deutschland von 2011 bis 2020 auf Basis von anonymisierten Sekundärdaten des Webservers UROscience. PCa-Patienten waren für die Studie geeignet, wenn sie nach einer 6‑monatigen verschreibungsfreien Prä-Indexperiode eine ADT erhielten.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 3.112 Patienten (Durchschnittsalter: 75,5 [± 8,0] Jahre) eingeschlossen. Die meisten Patienten erhielten Gonadotropin-Releasing-Hormon (GnRH)-Agonisten (72,3 %), gefolgt von Antiandrogenen (24,9 %). Die mediane Dauer der ADT-Behandlung betrug 25,9 Monate. Die geschätzten Wahrscheinlichkeiten, die ADT 3, 6 und 8 Jahre nach Behandlungsbeginn fortzusetzen, lagen bei 40,7 %, 20,1 % bzw. 12,7 %. Eine Unterbrechung über alle ADT hinweg erfolgte bei 42,7 % der Patienten, eine Umstellung der primären ADT bei 52,2 % und ein Abbruch bei 82,2 % der Patienten. Nach Beginn der ADT erhielten 14,6 % der Patienten eine Therapie für KRPCa, von denen 76,4 % die primäre ADT fortsetzten. Die mediane Dauer der KRPCa-Behandlung betrug 11,0 Monate. Die geschätzten Wahrscheinlichkeiten, 3, 6 und 8 Jahre nach Beginn der ADT ein KRPCa zu entwickeln, lagen bei 11,1 %, 20,1 % und 25,9 %.

Schlussfolgerung
Diese Studie hat gezeigt, dass bei einem relevanten Anteil der Patienten die primäre ADT nach Beginn der Therapie für KRPCa abgesetzt wurde, obwohl Leitlinien die Fortsetzung der ADT bei Fortschreiten der Erkrankung empfehlen.

Graphic abstract
Fast no-reference deep image dehazing
Authors: Qin Hongyi , Belyaev Alexander G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a deep learning method for image dehazing and clarification. The main advantages of the method are high computational speed and using unpaired image data for training. The method adapts the Zero-DCE approach (Li et al. in IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 44(8):4225–4238, 2021) for the image dehazing problem and uses high-order curves to adjust the dynamic range of images and achieve dehazing. Training the proposed dehazing neural network does not require paired hazy and clear datasets but instead utilizes a set of loss functions, assessing the quality of dehazed images to drive the training process. Experiments on a large number of real-world hazy images demonstrate that our proposed network effectively removes haze while preserving details and enhancing brightness. Furthermore, on an affordable GPU-equipped laptop, the processing speed can reach 1000 FPS for images with 2K resolution, making it highly suitable for real-time dehazing applications.
Designing a kidney exchange program in Germany: simulations and recommendations
Authors: Ashlagi Itai , Cseh Ágnes , Manlove David , Ockenfels Axel , Pettersson William 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe examine some of the opportunities and challenges concerned with establishing a centralized national kidney exchange program in Germany. Despite the many advantages of a national program, without deliberate design and policy intervention, a fragmented kidney exchange program may emerge. We study a number of collaboration strategies, and resulting simulations suggest that transplant centers may find it advantageous not to fully participate, resulting in a net reduction in the number of transplants. These results also suggest that allowing more forms of kidney exchange, such as three-way exchanges and non-directed donations, can significantly increase the number of transplants while making participation in a national program more attractive and thus national coordination and cooperation more robust. We propose a multi-level policy approach that is easy to implement and would promote an efficient German kidney exchange program that benefits recipients, donors and hospitals.
Managing customer waiting times in an inventory system using Conditional Value-at-Risk measure
Authors: Ahmadi Taher , Hesaraki Alireza F. , Mahmoodi Anwar , Marandi Ahmadreza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn today’s fast-paced world, delays or prolonged customer waiting times pose a threat to the firm’s profitability. This study utilizes the mean-CVaR metric to incorporate the risk associated with prolonged customer waiting times into the optimal trade-off decisions. For this purpose, we consider a single inventory system that faces Poisson demand and utilizes a base-stock policy to replenish its inventory, which takes a fixed amount of time. The firm implements a preorder strategy, encouraging customers to place their orders a fixed amount of time in advance of their actual needs, a period referred to as the commitment lead time. The firm rewards customers with a bonus termed the commitment cost, which increases with the length of the commitment lead time. We aim to determine the optimal control policy, including the optimal base-stock level and optimal commitment lead time, that minimizes the long-run average cost. The cost includes inventory holding, commitment, and customer waiting costs, with the latter adjusted for the firm’s degree of risk aversion. The optimal policy depends on the interdependence of the decisions, with the optimal commitment lead time following a “bang-bang” pattern, and the corresponding optimal base-stock level taking an “all-or-nothing” form. For linear commitment costs with a cost factor per time unit, we identify a threshold that increases with the firm’s risk aversion degree. Firms with greater risk aversion typically favor the buy-to-order strategy, while those with lower risk aversion may opt for either buy-to-stock or buy-to-order depending on their assessment of waiting costs.
Developing a range-wide sampling framework for endangered species: a case study with light-footed Ridgway’s rail
Authors: Stevens Bryan S. , Conway Courtney J. , Sawyer Kimberly A. , Kershek Lauren , Block Giselle , Hamilton Sandra , Kolstrom Rebecca 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMonitoring provides the foundation for evaluating recovery of endangered species, yet many species lack monitoring programs designed to integrate a species’ unique attributes, specific monitoring objectives, and principles of statistical sampling theory. We developed a framework for monitoring and assessment of endangered light-footed Ridgway’s rails (Rallus obsoletus levipes) across their U.S. range, relative to multi-scale recovery goals. We created spatially explicit sample units and a sampling frame covering all potential habitat to facilitate range-wide probability sampling, and also built a model of the call-broadcast process commonly used to survey marsh birds that included heterogeneity in availability for detection and conditional detectability for each bird during each survey. We used the model to simulate 96 sampling strategies that included different levels of replication, multiple approaches for sample allocation amongst strata, and both simple random and weighted probability sampling (i.e., weights proportional to local rail abundance) of sample units within strata. Effective monitoring surveyed ≥ 20–30% of the sampling frame on ≥ 3 occasions, with weighted sample selection and more targeted sampling (50% of units) for strata that are key to species recovery. We also tested Bayesian N-mixture models for estimating abundance and show that multiple models provide reasonable estimates. This work lays the foundation for statistical sampling and multi-scale population estimation for an endangered bird, and for refinement of abundance estimation models. Moreover, this work provides a replicable process for building customized and statistically defensible sampling frameworks to assess recovery of endangered species that can be used for other sensitive species.
Carbon Leakage from Fuel Taxes: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Teixidó Jordi J. , Palencia-González F. Javier , Labeaga José M. , Labandeira Xavier 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe exploit a fuel tax increase in Portugal to identify its effect on cross-border fuel sales and associated carbon leakage in the Spanish border regions. Using a difference-in-difference strategy, we find that while gasoline sales remained unaffected, diesel sales in Spanish border regions increased by 6–9%. Synthetic control methods confirm these estimates and attribute this differential effect by fuel type to routes frequented by heavy-duty vehicles, with large diesel tanks. We estimate a carbon leakage equivalent to 14–20% of Portugal’s annual mitigation commitment for road transport emissions. Our findings imply that heavy goods vehicles’ strategic behavior undermines the potential mitigation effects and revenue gains of transport climate policy, underscoring the need for coordinated policies in similar federal or quasi-federal contexts.
Why Student Ratings of Faculty Are Unethical
Authors: Close Daryl 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFor decades, student ratings of university faculty have been used by administrators in high stakes faculty employment decisions such as tenure, promotion, contract renewal and reappointment, and merit pay. However, virtually no attention has been paid to the ethical questions of using ratings in employment decisions. Instead, the ratings literature is generally limited to psychometric issues such as whether a given student ratings instrument exhibits the statistical properties of reliability and validity. There is no consensus understanding of teaching effectiveness, the very attribute that students are alleged to “evaluate.” What students are actually doing when they complete a ratings form—whether measuring, evaluating, reporting, judging, opining, etc.—remains unsettled in the ratings literature. If ratings are surveys of student satisfaction, they have no logical or ethical connection with teaching expertise. I argue that the administrative use of student ratings in faculty employment decisions violates basic moral principles including nonmaleficence, beneficence, professional autonomy and clinical independence, and multiple aspects of justice including due care, truthfulness, and equitable treatment. These ethical violations rule against any administrative use of student ratings in faculty employment decisions, including the “use with caution in conjunction with other evaluative methods” deployment of student ratings. My conclusion is that such use should be immediately and universally terminated. Formative use of student questionnaires as part of ordinary instructional communication and feedback between instructor and students is a separate issue and outside of the scope of this paper.
Harnessing the power of microalgae consortia for sustainable crop production: case study on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Díaz Luis Eduardo , Gonzalez Juan David , Morales-Gonzalez Maria Paula , Garzón-Castro Claudia L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to global food demand and need to protect the environment, improving crop productivity while reducing agrochemical use has become crucial. Microalgae offer a potential solution as they exhibit biostimulant and biofertilizer effects, improving both crop and soil quality. This study aimed to assess the impact of suspensions of freeze-dried Chlorella vulgaris (UTEX 265), Scenedesmus obliquus (UTEX 393), and Haematococcus pluvialis (UTEX 2505) biomass in distilled water on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) germination and development. Different microalgae treatments, individually and mixtures, were applied. The study evaluated various plant growth parameters and the concentration of nutritional constituents, including reducing sugars, total polyphenols, antioxidant capacity, and chlorophyll a. In the first stage (germination), microalgae treatments (C. vulgaris 2 g (CV2),; C vulgaris 0.66 g, S. obliquus 0.66 g and H. pluvialis 0.7 g (CV0.7:SO0.7:HP0.7) and C. vulgaris 1.5 g and S. obliquus 1.5 g (CV1.5:SO1.5) increased L. sativa seed germination rate and the number of germinated seeds. Significant changes were observed in growth-related variables such as height (CV0.7:SO9.7:HP0.7), stem diameter (C. vulgaris 3 g (CV3)), root length (S. obliquus 3 g (SO3)), and leaf area (CV1.5:SO1.5). In the second stage (plant development), microalgae treatments significantly increased dry weight from 2.71% (CV1.5:SO1.5) to 48.52% (SO3), reduced sugars from 3.20% (CV3) to 59.05% (CV1.5:SO1.5), total polyphenols from 7.99% (CV3) to 40.15% (CV1.5:SO1.5), antioxidant capacity from 0.77% (CV0.7:SO9.7:HP0.7) to 17.40% (CV1:HP1), and chlorophyll a from 23.01% (CV1.5:SO1.5) (p ≤ 0.05). C. vulgaris and S. obliquus in blending were identified as the main microalgae promoting positive effects on L. sativa development. This study confirms that microalgae, particularly C. vulgaris and S. obliquus, can enhance crop quality, specifically in L. sativa . These findings demonstrate the potential of microalgae as biostimulants, supporting their application to improve crop productivity and emphasizing their role in sustainable agriculture.
On the Uniform Duality in Copositive Optimization
Authors: Kostyukova O. I. , Tchemisova T. V. , Dudina O. S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we establish new necessary and sufficient conditions guaranteeing the uniform LP duality for linear problems of Copositive Programming and formulate these conditions in different equivalent forms. The main results are obtained using the approach developed in previous papers of the authors and based on a concept of immobile indices that permits alternative representations of the set of feasible solutions.
Focused ultrasound-mediated enhancement of blood–brain barrier permeability for brain tumor treatment: a systematic review of clinical trials
Authors: Zhu Honglin , Allwin Caitlin , Bassous Monica G. , Pouliopoulos Antonios N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Brain tumors, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), present significant prognostic challenges despite multimodal therapies, including surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. One major obstacle is the limited drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with systemically administered microbubbles has emerged as a non-invasive, targeted, and reversible approach to transiently open the BBB, thus enhancing drug delivery. This review examines clinical trials employing BBB opening techniques to optimise pharmacotherapy for brain tumors, evaluates current challenges, and proposes directions for further research.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov up to November 2023, searching for “ultrasound” AND “brain tumor”. The search yielded 1446 results. After screening by title and abstract, followed by full-text screening (n = 48), 35 studies were included in the analysis.

Results
Our analysis includes data from 11 published studies and 24 ongoing trials. The predominant focus of these studies is on glioma, including GMB and astrocytoma. One paper investigated brain metastasis from breast cancer. Evidence indicates that FUS facilitates BBB opening and enhances drug uptake following sonication. Exploration of FUS in the pediatric population is limited, with no published studies and only three ongoing trials dedicated to this demographic.

Conclusion
FUS is a promising strategy to safely disrupt the BBB, enabling precise and non-invasive lesion targeting, and enhance drug delivery. However, pharmacokinetic studies are required to quantitatively assess improvements in drug uptake. Most studies are phase I clinical trials, and long-term follow-up investigating patient outcomes is essential to evaluate the clinical benefit of this treatment approach. Further studies involving diverse populations and pathologies will be beneficial.
Approach of Genetic Diversity of Lippia alba (Mill) and Petiveria alliacea L.: Medicinal Plants of Colombia
Authors: Tarazona-Pulido Lina , Rugeles-Silva Paula Andrea , Cardona Tobar Karen Melissa , Díaz-Ariza Lucía Ana , Muñoz Florez Jaime Eduardo , López-Álvarez Diana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe medicinal Lippiaalba and Petiveria alliacea, originating from Central and South America, exhibit a wide range of beneficial properties, including antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, analgesic, and antibacterial effects. However, little is known about their population structure and genetic diversity, which may hinder the establishment of their cultivation in different regions of Colombia. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure of 17 samples of L. alba from the departments of Tolima, Valle del Cauca, and Putumayo, as well as 31 samples of P. alliacea from the departments of Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Tolima, and Valle del Cauca. We employed restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) with the enzyme PstI. We performed denovo_map and ref_map pipeline for L. alba and identified a total of 17,036 loci and 14,562 SNPs, respectively, revealing a genetic variation of 5.19% (FST of 0.05; p < 0.001) among its populations and two delimited genetic groups. For P. alliacea, in denovo_map our analysis discovered 6395 SNPs, indicating substantial genetic variation of 75% among the studied populations (FST = 0.75; p < 0.001), resulting in the delineation of four genetic groups. Our findings will contribute to providing valuable molecular data on the populations of these medicinal plants and provide evidence of the genetic flow existing among L. alba populations, while P. alliacea populations are more structured. We also performed a FDIST analysis; for L. alba using the results with reference, we identified 37 SNPs coding for proteins in biological, molecular, and cellular processes; and finally, we highlighted the gene SASPL_104284 involved in metabolic processes.
Infant Mortality in Mother and Baby Homes in 20th Century Ireland
Authors: Delaney Liam , McGovern Mark E. , Smith James P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDuring the first half of the 20th century, infant mortality in the general population fell by more than 50% in higher income countries. Despite accounting for a disproportionately high share of deaths in these countries during this period, few quantitative studies have examined the experiences of infants who were born or raised in an institutional context. In this paper, we quantify mortality rates in Mother and Baby Homes in Ireland, institutions that were aimed primarily at unmarried mothers and their infants. Using information on over 40,000 infants born in the 6 largest of these insitutions in Ireland, we assess how this risk of mortality changed over the course of the 20th century relative to the general population, and assess variation in death rates by observed characteristics. The mortality penalty for these institutions was greatly elevated, reaching four times the national mortality rate in the 1930s and 1940s. By comparing the outcomes of infants from the Mother and Baby Homes with the rest of the population using large-scale quantitative data, this study documents the scale of the disadvantage faced by marginalised communities born outside public hospital systems, and highlights the potential role of nutrition-related causes in these disparities.
Square values of Littlewood polynomials
Authors: Hajdu L. , Herendi O. , Tengely Sz. , Varga N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe study the square values of Littlewood polynomials. Using various methods we give all these values for the degrees $$n=3, 5$$

n
=
3
,
5

and $$n\le 24$$

n
≤
24

even. Beside this, we gather computational data (by providing all solutions in a certain range) for n odd with $$n\le 17$$

n
≤
17

. We propose some striking problems for further research, as well.
Cognitive microfoundations and social interaction dynamics. The implications of complexity for institutional theory
Authors: Jonas Frödin Olle 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the intersection of cognitive sciences and social network theory and its counterpart, the complexity sciences, aiming to shed light on the compatibility and potential integration of these frameworks into institutional theory. Institutional scholars have for long selectively adopted notions linked with the cognitive sciences and complexity sciences, such as the notion of path dependence, without exploring the broader implications of systematically integrating such perspectives into institutionalism. This paper aims to advance such a comprehensive theoretical integration, by investigating the effective combination of these approaches and their significant implications. It shows how the complexity sciences contribute to dissolving the barriers between the cognitive and social realms and illustrates how this impacts notions of human agency and reflexivity. Theoretical integration also involves acknowledging considerable diversity in individual human agency, which in turn prompts a reconsideration of how notions of institutional stability, change, diffusion and adaptation are understood. Furthermore, the paper addresses the epistemological challenge presented by the complexity sciences, before it highlights the general relevance of institutional theory in analyzing complex social phenomena. Finally, the paper explores implications for research methodology, proposing that a fusion of institutional theory and the complexity sciences provides a metatheoretical framework for assessing the contextual suitability of different theoretical and methodological approaches.