bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Assembled Discrete Molecules for Sensing Nitroaromatics
Authors: Shanmugaraju Sankarasekaran , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEfficient sensing of trace amount nitroaromatic (NAC) explosives has become a major research focus in recent time due to concerns over national security as well as their role as environment pollutants. NO2‐containing electron‐deficient aromatic compounds, such as picric acid (PA), trinitrotoluene (TNT), and dinitrotoluene (DNT), are the common constituents of many commercially available chemical explosives. In this article, we have summarized our recent developments on the rational design of electron‐rich self‐assembled discrete molecular sensors and their efficacy in sensing nitroaromatics both in solution as well as in vapor phase. Several π‐electron‐rich fluorescent metallacycles (squares, rectangles, and tweezers/pincers) and metallacages (trigonal and tetragonal prisms) have been synthesized by means of metal–ligand coordination‐bonding interactions, with enough internal space to accommodate electron‐deficient nitroaromatics at the molecular level by multiple supramolecular interactions. Such interactions subsequently result in the detectable fluorescence quenching of sensors even in the presence of trace quantities of nitroaromatics. The fascinating sensing characteristics of molecular architectures discussed in this article may enable future development of improved sensors for nitroaromatic explosives.
Serious Cardiac Complications in Coronary Spasm Provocation Tests Using Acetylcholine or Ergonovine: Analysis of 21 512 Patients From the Diagnosis Procedure Combination Database in Japan
Authors: Isogai Toshiaki , Yasunaga Hideo , Matsui Hiroki , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Ueda Tetsuro , Horiguchi Hiromasa , Fushimi Kiyohide 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrevious studies on complications with coronary spasm provocation tests were based on small sample sizes or were limited to high‐volume centers. The risk of provocation tests using acetylcholine (ACH) or ergonovine (ER) remains to be fully examined by a large‐scale multicenter study.HypothesisACH provocation tests are associated with a higher rate of serious cardiac complications than ER tests.MethodsUsing the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in Japan, we identified patients aged ≥20 years who underwent a pharmacological provocation test during coronary angiography. We assessed the composite outcome of cardiac complications requiring urgent procedures (defibrillation, chest compression, intra‐aortic balloon pumping, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) or death on the day of the provocation test, and compared the outcome between ACH and ER tests.ResultsOf 21 512 eligible patients in 602 hospitals, 10 628 (49.4%) underwent an ACH test and 10 884 (50.6%) underwent an ER test. The composite outcome occurred in 141 (0.7%) patients. The ACH group was significantly more likely to have the composite outcome than the ER group (0.9% vs 0.4%, P < 0.001). The propensity‐score analyses showed consistent results (propensity score–matched, 0.9% vs 0.4%, P = 0.003; inverse probability–weighted, 0.8% vs 0.4%, P < 0.001). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, ACH tests were significantly associated with a higher rate of the composite outcome than ER tests (odds ratio: 1.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.13‐2.69, P = 0.011).ConclusionsThis retrospective cohort study suggested that ACH tests were associated with a higher rate of cardiac complications than ER tests.
A novel energy‐efficient cross‐application‐layer platform with QoS‐security support
Authors: Adibi Sasan 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYSecurity provisioning is an essential part in the design of any communication systems, which becomes more critical for wireless systems. Devising a quality of service (QoS) mechanism to coexist security algorithms is a daunting, yet inevitable task. The aim of this novel research article is to present a novel energy efficient, cross‐layer‐based application‐layer wireless system with simultaneous security and QoS supports, which revolves around the practical and low‐cost implementation of Suite‐B cryptographic algorithms (promulgated by the National Security Agency) and detailed analyses of the associated complexities. The focus of this article is on the novel cross‐layer mechanism and its effectiveness to handle QoS‐enabled treatment while offering security enhancements. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐harvest treatment with pure (+)‐methyl jasmonate minimizes lipid oxidation in boiled potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Flores Gema , de la Peña Moreno Fernando , Blanch Gracia Patricia , Ruiz del Castillo María Luisa 
Published: February 2015

Linoleic and linolenic acids are health‐promoting compounds having a number of biological properties. In the present study, oxidative degradation of these fatty acids into off‐flavor compounds in boiled potato was intended to be reduced. To that end, raw potatoes were treated by applying: (i) the commercial mixture (±)‐methyl jasmonate, (ii) pure (+)‐methyl jasmonate, and (iii) pure (−)‐methyl jasmonate, respectively. Four cultivars (i.e., Cara, Inca Sun, Mayan Gold, and Maris Piper) were included in the study. As a result, the post‐harvest application of (±)‐methyl jasmonate and (+)‐methyl jasmonate to raw potatoes during storage resulted in a significant decrease of lipid‐derived volatile compounds in boiled potato. This suggests an inhibitory effect of both the commercial enantiomeric mixture and the pure (+)‐methyl jasmonate on the lipoxygenase pathway. Stabilization of linoleic and linolenic acids against autoxidation is achieved by treatment with the enantiomeric mixture and pure (+)‐methyl jasmonate. (−)‐Methyl jasmonate however exhibited the opposite effect since it did not reduce lipid oxidation in boiled potato. The results found in the present work support earlier evidence on different effects of methyl jasmonate enantiomers on plant food composition. From a practical point of view, post‐harvest treatments with (+)‐methyl jasmonate can be used by the potato industry to obtain healthier and more pleasant products.Practical application The results found in the present study demonstrate that the practical applications of methyl jasmonate treatments minimize lipid oxidation in boiled potato. That allows us to obtain, on the one hand, tubers containing higher contents of linolenic and linoleic acids and, on the other, more pleasant flavor after boiling.The exogenous application of (+)‐MJ to raw potato during storage enabled lipid oxidation in boiled potato to be reduced. Therefore, (+)‐MJ treatment might be used by the potato industry to obtain a healthier and more pleasant product.
Endoscopy of gastropods: A novel view of the mantle cavities and gills of the keyhole limpet Diodora aspera and the abalone Haliotis rufescens
Authors: Voltzow Janice 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe gills, or ctenidia, of marine gastropods serve as the sites for respiratory gas exchange. Cilia on the surface provide the pump that moves water through the mantle cavity and enhance diffusion. Because the gills are housed inside the shell, it is difficult to view them while they are functioning. Published images of gills show contracted, fragile structures that are distorted by the processes of dissection and preservation. Members of the families Fissurellidae (keyhole limpets) and Haliotidae (abalone) have openings in their shells through which water enters and/or exits. I inserted an endoscope connected to a video camera into the openings of the shells of living, non‐anaesthetized individuals of the fissurellid Diodora aspera and the haliotid Haliotis rufescens. In both species, the dorsal afferent branchial vessel of the afferent gill axis appeared large and inflated, as did the leaflets that extended from either side of the axis. In D. aspera, the leaflets appeared to fill the mantle cavity and responded to touch, particles, and dye in the water by contracting quickly and slowly re‐extending. In contrast, the gills of H. rufescens did not noticeably respond to disturbance. On the other hand, these gills showed a regular pattern of pleats that had not been described in the extensive anatomical literature of these common and economically significant animals. These results provide a novel view of the gastropod mantle cavity as a dynamic space filled by the gills, which divide the mantle cavity into distinct incurrent and excurrent chambers and produce a laminar flow of water through the cavity. J. Morphol. 276:787–796, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gels Based on Anion Recognition Between Triurea Receptor and Phosphate Anion
Authors: Yang Cuiling , Wu Biao , Chen Yongming , Zhang Ke 
Published: February 2015

Anion recognition between the triurea receptor and phosphate anion is demonstrated as the cross‐linkage to build supramolecular polymer gels for the first time. A novel multi‐block copolymer (3) is designed to have functional triurea groups as cross‐linking units along the polymer main chain. By virtue of anion coordination between the triurea receptor and phosphate anion with a binding mode of 2:1, supramolecular polymer gels are then prepared based on anion recognition using 3 as the building block.
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Experimental characterization and numerical assessment of fatigue crack growth under thermo‐mechanical conditions
Authors: Schlitzer T. , Bauerbach K. , Beier H. T. , Fischaleck M. , Langschwager K. , Oechsner M. , Rudolph J. , Scholz A. , Vormwald M. , Willuweit A. 
Published: February 2015

The fatigue behavior of the austenitic stainless steel X6CrNiNb18‐10 (1.4550, AISI 347) is investigated. Experimental data are generated at room temperature, at elevated temperatures and further under thermo‐mechanical conditions. Research is focused on generating data for parameter identification, especially for the improvement of material models. The influence of temperature on the stress‐strain behavior and the fatigue life is presented.Finite element simulations are used to describe fatigue crack growth under thermo‐cyclic loading conditions. Using the example of a thick‐walled tube, the essential parameter for the crack growth rate, the effective cyclic J‐integral, is determined for eight temperature transients (defined by fluid temperature, heat transfer coefficient and inner pressure). An approximation of the effective cyclic J‐integral allows modeling without consideration of the crack geometry in the model.
A fatigue design concept for metal injection molded components of 100Cr6
Authors: Lindel H. , Hahn M. , Bacher‐Höchst M. , Issler S. , Eifler D. , Klein M. 
Published: February 2015

The fatigue behavior of rolled and machined high‐strength steel parts shows dependency on the size of material defects. In this work, the fatigue behavior of high‐strength steel specimens manufactured by Metal Injection Molding (MIM) process is investigated. Herein prealloyed 100Cr6 powder is used as base material and is sintered to 98.7% and to 95.2% relative density respectively. In order to avoid burrs resulting from the mold parting, an unconventional metal injection molding‐specific specimen shape is designed to perform experiments at notched and unmachined specimens, especially to assess the behavior of this material in component‐near conditions. Fatigue tests under axial loading with a load ratio of R = 0.1 were conducted with such specimens in martensitic condition. SEM analyses reveal that cracks originate from metal injection molding‐specific material discontinuities which can be seen as defects to this high strength steel. It was observed that irregularities at the surface, like surface roughness, open pores and locally melted surface areas lead to early fracture whereas defects in the volume, like non‐metallic inclusions lead to late fracture. Fracture mechanic analyses reveal that Murakami's short crack model is applicable to the 100Cr6 metal injection molding materials and therefore allows estimating the fatigue strength at N = 107 cycles of the metal injection molding‐material. Considering a weakest‐link approach, the fatigue strength at N = 107 cycles of the notched specimens can be well estimated using finite element modeling and the size distributions of the crack originating defects.
Fast Hankel tensor–vector product and its application to exponential data fitting
Authors: Ding Weiyang , Qi Liqun , Wei Yimin 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis paper is contributed to a fast algorithm for Hankel tensor–vector products. First, we explain the necessity of fast algorithms for Hankel and block Hankel tensor–vector products by sketching the algorithm for both one‐dimensional and multi‐dimensional exponential data fitting. For proposing the fast algorithm, we define and investigate a special class of Hankel tensors that can be diagonalized by the Fourier matrices, which is called anti‐circulant tensors. Then, we obtain a fast algorithm for Hankel tensor–vector products by embedding a Hankel tensor into a larger anti‐circulant tensor. The computational complexity is about for a square Hankel tensor of order m and dimension n, and the numerical examples also show the efficiency of this scheme. Moreover, the block version for multi‐level block Hankel tensors is discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversible Mechanical Switching of Magnetic Interactions in a Molecular Shuttle
Authors: Bleve Valentina , Schäfer Christian , Franchi Paola , Silvi Serena , Mezzina Elisabetta , Credi Alberto , Lucarini Marco 
Published: February 2015

AbstractInvited for this months cover are the groups of Professors Marco Lucarini and Alberto Credi at the University of Bologna. The cover picture shows coupled and uncoupled states of a [2]rotaxane incorporating stable nitroxide radical units in both the ring and dumbbell components. Interaction between nitroxide radicals could be switched between noncoupled (three‐line electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum) and coupled (five‐line EPR spectrum) upon deprotonation of the rotaxane NH2+ centers that effects a quantitative displacement of a dibenzocrown macroring to a 4,4’‐bipyridinium recognition site. The complete base‐ and acid‐induced switching cycle of the EPR pattern was repeated several times without an appreciable loss of signal, highlighting the reversibility of the process. Hence, this molecular machine is capable of switching on/off magnetic interactions by chemically driven reversible mechanical effects. For more details, see the Communication on p. 18 ff.
Implications of low breakdown voltage of component subcells on external quantum efficiency measurements of multijunction solar cells
Authors: Barrigón Enrique , Espinet‐González Pilar , Contreras Yedileth , Rey‐Stolle Ignacio 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe electrical and optical coupling between subcells in a multijunction solar cell affects its external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurement. In this study, we show how a low breakdown voltage of a component subcell impacts the EQE determination of a multijunction solar cell and demands the use of a finely adjusted external voltage bias. The optimum voltage bias for the EQE measurement of a Ge subcell in two different GaInP/GaInAs/Ge triple‐junction solar cells is determined both by sweeping the external voltage bias and by tracing the I–V curve under the same light bias conditions applied during the EQE measurement. It is shown that the I–V curve gives rapid and valuable information about the adequate light and voltage bias needed, and also helps to detect problems associated with non‐ideal I–V curves that might affect the EQE measurement. The results also show that, if a non‐optimum voltage bias is applied, a measurement artifact can result. Only when the problems associated with a non‐ideal I–V curve and/or a low breakdown voltage have been discarded, the measurement artifacts, if any, can be attributed to other effects such as luminescent coupling between subcells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is Science for Us? Black Students’ and Parents’ Views of Science and Science Careers
Authors: ARCHER LOUISE , DEWITT JENNIFER , OSBORNE JONATHAN 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThere are widespread policy concerns to improve (widen and increase) science, technology, engineering, and mathematics participation, which remains stratified by ethnicity, gender, and social class. Despite being interested in and highly valuing science, Black students tend to express limited aspirations to careers in science and remain underrepresented in post‐16 science courses and careers, a pattern which is not solely explained by attainment. This paper draws on survey data from nationally representative student cohorts and longitudinal interview data collected over 4 years from 10 Black African/Caribbean students and their parents, who were tracked from age 10–14 (Y6–Y9), as part of a larger study on children's science and career aspirations. The paper uses an intersectional analysis of the qualitative data to examine why science careers are less “thinkable” for Black students. A case study is also presented of two young Black women who “bucked the trend” and aspired to science careers. The paper concludes with implications for science education policy and practice.
Construction of resilient Boolean functions with high nonlinearity and good algebraic degree
Authors: Li Lu‐Yang , Zhang Wei‐Guo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractResilient Boolean functions with high nonlinearity and good algebraic properties play an important role in designing certain stream cipher schemes. In this paper, two construction methods are proposed to obtain such functions. It is shown that a class of resilient functions with high algebraic degree and currently best known nonlinearity can be constructed by using our technique. The algebraic immunity of the constructed functions is also analyzed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adipogenic Differentiation of hMSCs is Mediated by Recruitment of IGF-1r Onto the Primary Cilium Associated With Cilia Elongation
Authors: Dalbay Melis T. , Thorpe Stephen D. , Connelly John T. , Chapple J. Paul , Knight Martin M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Primary cilia are single non-motile organelles that provide a highly regulated compartment into which specific proteins are trafficked as a critical part of various signaling pathways. The absence of primary cilia has been shown to prevent differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Changes in primary cilia length are crucial for regulating signaling events; however it is not known how alterations in cilia structure relate to differentiation. This study tested the hypothesis that changes in primary cilia structure are required for stem cell differentiation. hMSCs expressed primary cilia that were labeled with acetylated alpha tubulin and visualized by confocal microscopy. Chemically induced differentiation resulted in lineage specific changes in cilia length and prevalence which were independent of cell cycle. In particular, adipogenic differentiation resulted in cilia elongation associated with the presence of dexamethasone, while insulin had an inhibitory effect on cilia length. Over a 7-day time course, adipogenic differentiation media resulted in cilia elongation within 2 days followed by increased nuclear PPARγ levels; an early marker of adipogenesis. Cilia elongation was associated with increased trafficking of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor β (IGF-1Rβ) into the cilium. This was reversed on inhibition of elongation by IFT-88 siRNA transfection, which also decreased nuclear PPARγ. This is the first study to show that adipogenic differentiation requires primary cilia elongation associated with the recruitment of IGF-1Rβ onto the cilium. This study may lead to the development of cilia-targeted therapies for controlling adipogenic differentiation and associated conditions such as obesity. Stem Cells 2015;33:1952–1961
Effect of small axial force on flexural ductility design of high‐strength concrete beams
Authors: Bai Z. Z. , Au F. T. K. , Chen X. C. 
Published: February 2015

SummarySmall axial forces may appear in beams in a reinforced concrete (RC) structure. The presence of compressive axial force, even at a low level, has an adverse effect on the flexural ductility of RC beams, which is a key attribute for seismic design. For example, Eurocode EN1998‐1 explicitly specifies such minimum flexural ductility, whereas Chinese code GB50011 limits the depth of equivalent rectangular stress block at peak resisting moment to achieve indirectly a certain nominal flexural ductility. Therefore, ignoring the presence of compressive axial force may be risky. In this study, the effect of small compressive axial force on the flexural ductility performance of both normal‐strength and high‐strength concrete beams is evaluated on the basis of a rigorous full‐range moment–curvature analysis. An effective strategy for flexural ductility design of RC beams with small compressive axial force is identified so that various flexural ductility requirements can be satisfied. The essential control parameter proposed is the maximum difference of tension and compression reinforcement ratios. Empirical formulae and tables are developed for convenient implementation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Central Venous Catheter Securement: Using the Healthcare and Technology Synergy Model to Take a Closer Look
Authors: Macklin Denise , Blackburn Paul L. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Proper securement provides a safe vascular access device environment for both patients and health care providers. Successful securement protects central venous catheters from several sources of failure until the end of therapy by preventing central venous catheter movement during all phases of care. Movement causes vein trauma, bacterial migration, distal tip location variation, loss of dressing integrity, and even total dislodgement. Any of these events can have serious consequences, including catheter-related bloodstream infection, thrombosis, delay of treatment, catheter replacement, and potential hemorrhage, all of which can be life-threatening events, and increase costs. We review patient issues, practice issues, and the types of securement currently used in clinical settings.
Ultrasound-Guided Arm Ports: Indications, Techniques, and Management
Authors: Marcy Pierre Yves , Lacout Alexis , Thariat Juliette , Figl Andrea , Merckx Jacques 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurpose: Various venous access devices are available, including peripheral venous lines, peripherally inserted central catheters lines, and subcutaneous port catheters. The latter provides medium-to long-term venous access and includes medical devices that can be inserted either on the chest (chest ports) or in the arm (arm ports). We report the techniques, dedicated indications, and main complications of arm port insertion using the ultrasonography (US) guidance method.Methods: Tips and tricks of percutaneous real-time US-guided vein access technique in the arm are reviewed, and a brief literature review is reported.Results: Technical feasibility is almost 99%. US guidance allows depiction of anatomic variants, reduces the number of failed attempts, and increases the technical access rate compared with venography-guided access. Comparison of arm ports to chest ports reveals a higher global complication rate. We also report typical (mechanical) complications and dedicated indications, including contraindications to chest port insertion and selected patients for whom chest ports are not possible (eg, those with breast, head, and neck cancer; obesity; cosmesis; and requiring upright position).Conclusions: Arm port insertion under US guidance is safe and effective, and has dedicated indications.