bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of composite hydrogels based on crosslinked hyaluronic acid and sodium alginate
Authors: Chen Yong‐Hao , Li Jun , Hao Yan‐Bin , Qi Jian‐Xun , Dong Ning‐Guang , Wu Chun‐Lin , Wang Qiang 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, a novel composite hydrogel with improved cellular structure and mechanical properties was prepared by the crosslinking of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (SAL). The amide linkages (covalent bonds) in the hydrogel that we expected to form were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The hydrogels had a pore size larger than 100 μm and were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Texture profile analysis indicated that the hardness of the hydrogels was enhanced by an increase in the polymer's concentration, but it declined with an increase in the HA/SAL molar ratio. The swelling capacity was reduced with increases in the polymer's concentration and the 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethyl aminopropyl)‐1‐carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/HA molar ratio, and it was enhanced by an increase in the HA/SAL molar ratio. The resistance against hyaluronidase was negatively correlated with the proportion of HA in the hydrogels and positively correlated with the EDC/HA molar ratio. Given the improved physicochemical properties that we produced, these novel hydrogels may have the potential to be applied in tissue engineering scaffolding. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41898.
Effects of salt on homogeneous succinoylation of lignocellulosic fibers in dimethyl sulfoxide/tetraethylammonium chloride under mild condition
Authors: Chen Jianqiang , Su Meng , Chen Rongping , Hong Jianguo , Cheng Rongshi 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTEffects of salt in the homogeneous succinoylation of ball milled mulberry wood in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/tetraethylammonium chloride (TEACl) was investigated using viscometry and two‐dimensional nuclear overhauser effect NMR spectroscopy (2D NOESY). The intrinsic viscosity of mulberry wood solution strongly depends on the TEACl dosage indicating that the change in hydrodynamic size of polymers caused by the interactions between salt and polymers in solution. 2D NOESY spectra reveal that TEA+ cations bind to the cellobiose in DMSO by the interactions between methenyl of TEA+ and C(1)/C(1′) group of cellobiose and the intensities of the crosspeaks increased with an increase in TEACl dosage. Taking cellobiose as a model compound for cellulose, it can be expected that TEA+ cations and cellulose forms a polyelectrolyte‐like complex. The yields of homogeneous succinoylation of mulberry wood in DMSO/TEACl benefits from the interactions between TEA+ cations and cellulose evidenced by weight percent gain, Fourier transform infrared spectra as well as CP/MAS 13C‐NMR spectra. © VC 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41912.
Synthesis of hyperbranched polymers by free radical addition‐coupling polymerization with A3/B2 and A2A′/B2 approaches
Authors: Liu Yaobin , Fan Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTTwo tribromide compounds, 1,3‐(propanoic acid, 2‐bromo‐)‐2‐(2‐bromo‐1‐oxopropylamino)propyl ester (A1) and trimethylolpropane tris(2‐bromopropionate) (A2), were synthesized. By Cu/N,N,N′,N′,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA)‐mediated radical addition‐coupling polymerization (RACP) of 2‐methyl‐2‐nitrosopropane (MNP) with the tribromide compounds, two types of hyperbranched polymers were synthesized under mild conditions, respectively. Polymerization degrees of the polymers increased with time gradually, which is in line with a step‐growth polymerization mechanism. By tracing the polymerization process by gel permeation chromatography and NMR analysis, proper reaction conditions to get hyperbranched polymers was obtained. Based on the results of NMR analysis on the polymer chain structure, mechanism of forming hyperbranched polymer has been proposed, which includes formation of carbon radicals from the tribromo monomer through single electron transfer, their reaction with MNP to form nitroxide radicals, and cross‐coupling reaction of the nitroxide radicals with other carbon radicals. The gelation point of the A2‐MNP system is larger than that of the A1‐MNP system, indicating that probability of intramolecular cyclization in A2‐MNP RACP system is higher than the A1‐MNP system. The reactivity of —NHCOCH(CH3)Br group of A1 is lower than its two —OCOCH(CH3)Br groups, and this resulted in longer distance between two adjacent branch points in the hyperbranched polymer of A1‐MNP than the A2‐MNP system. It is possible to adjust the chain structure of RACP‐based hyperbranched polymer by changing the reactivity of the functional groups in A3 monomer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41972.
Fabrication and characterization of polymer composites surface coated Fe3O4/MWCNTs hybrid buckypaper as a novel microwave‐absorbing structure
Authors: Lu Shaowei , Ma Keming , Wang Xiaoqiang , Xiong Xuhai , Xu Weikai , Jia Caixia 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTA naval hybrid buckypaper was fabricated by vacuum filtration method with monodispersion solution of Fe3O4 decorated Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The morphology, element composition and phase structure of hybrid buckypaper were characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, and X‐ray diffraction. The microwave absorption and complex electromagnetic properties of the composites surface coated MWCNTs buckypaper (or Fe3O4/MWCNTs hybrid buckypaper) have been investigated in the frequency range of 8–18 GHz. The results indicate that the microwave absorption properties of composite structure have been evidently improved due to the Fe3O4/MWCNTs hybrid buckypaper' high magnetic loss and suitable dielectric loss properties. The reflection loss of composite surface coated Fe3O4/MWCNTs hybrid buckypaper (with a matching thickness d = 0.1 mm) is below −10 dB in the frequency range of 13–18 GHz, and the minimum value is −15.3 dB at 15.7 GHz. Thus, Fe3O4/MWCNTs hybrid buckypaper can become a promising candidate for electromagnetic‐wave‐absorption materials with strong‐absorption, thin‐thickness and light‐weight characteristics. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41974.
Effect of silane coupling agent on the fatigue crack propagation of silica‐filled natural rubber
Authors: Yao Hong , Weng Gengsheng , Liu Yanpeng , Fu Kun , Chang Aijun , Chen Zhong‐Ren 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTBased on the real‐time crack tip morphology monitoring, the influence of silane coupling agent (SCA) on the crack‐growth behavior of silica‐filled natural rubber (NR) was analyzed. By using SCA, silica particles can be well dispersed and a filler–matrix network can be formed, which leads to lower crack‐growth rate. Results indicate that a dosage of 5 wt % (with respect to silica loading) is the optimal content. The real‐time observation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis proved that thin ligaments and dimples with homogeneous distribution appear on the crack tip. These crack tip morphologies reflect the low crack‐growth rate. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41980.
Bone Signaling in Middle Ear Development: A Genome‐Wide Differential Expression Analysis
Authors: Nielsen Michelle Christine , Bertelsen Tomas Martin , Friis Morten , Winther Ole , Friis‐Hansen Lennart , Cayé‐Thomasen Per , Sørensen Mads Sølvsten 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCommon middle ear diseases may affect bone behavior in the middle ear air cell system. To understand this pathologic pneumatization, the normal development of bone in the middle ear should be investigated. The objective of this study was to analyze gene expression of bone‐related signaling factors and gene sets in the developing middle ear. Microarray technology was used to identify bone‐related genes and gene sets, which were differentially expressed between the lining tissue of adult (quiescent) bulla and young (resorbing/forming) bulla. Data were analyzed using tools of bioinformatics and expression levels of selected genes were validated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The candidate gene products were compared with previously published data on middle ear bone metabolism. No differentially expressed genes were found on the outer surface of bulla. On the inner lining a total of 260 genes were identified of which 22 genes were involved in bone metabolism. Gene set analysis revealed five enriched bone‐related gene sets. The identified differentially expressed bone‐related mRNAs and gene sets are of potential significance in the normally developing bulla. These factors and gene sets may also play important roles during pathologic pneumatization of the middle ear air cell system in common middle ear diseases. In addition, this study suggests that the control of growth rate and wall thickness from resorptive as well as formative signals all originate from the inner lining cells of the bulla wall. Anat Rec, 297:2349–2355, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pseudo‐complex General Relativity and neutron stars
Authors: Hess P. O. , Rodríguez I. , Greiner W. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe pseudo‐complex General Relativity, which includes a minimal length, is resumed and similarities to other theories are pointed out. For a zero minimal length the theory exhibits a remnant contribution, which is associated to a dark energy. It suggests the principle that a mass not only curves the space around it but also changes the vacuum properties, which in turn affect the metric. Some experimental predictions are shortly mentioned. The consequences of the presence of a dark energy are investigated for the case of neutron stars. It is shown that large masses of neutron stars are possible. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Baryonic properties of neutron stars within pseudo‐complex General Relativity
Authors: Rodríguez I. , Hess P. O. , Schramm S. , Greiner W. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe baryonic properties of neutron stars within the theory of pseudo‐complex General Relativity (pc‐GR) are studied. The pc‐Tolman‐Oppenheimer‐Volkoff equations are numerically integrated in order to understand the structure of these objects. The pc‐component energy density ϵΛ has been linearly coupled to the respective baryonic quantity ϵm. Solutions have been presented for different values of the coupling parameter. It is shown that accumulation of the Λ‐component allows the theoretical existence of larger and more massive neutron stars. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Expression and characterization of bifunctional fusion proteins possessing antitumor and thrombolytic function for targeting therapy
Authors: Hui Jing , Lin Jia‐shuai , Hu Ying , Li Hui , Hu Feng‐qing 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIt is a usual clinical phenomenon that cancer patients are prone to thrombosis. Until now, there have been no efficient methods or appropriate drugs to prevent and cure tumor thrombus. ΔSEC2, N‐terminal deletion of 17 amino acids and C‐terminal deletion of 132 amino acids, retained antitumor activity of SEC2. ΔSak, N‐terminal deletion of 10 amino acids, had thrombolytic activity and specificity advantages. By utilizing bioactivities of ΔSEC2 and ΔSak, ΔSEC2–ΔSak and ΔSak–ΔSEC2 were constructed. Octreotide is a tumor targeting peptide and it can be combined with somatostatin (SST) receptors of tumor surface in ligand–receptor binding way. It can be used to increase specificity for tumor therapy. Based on previous studies, DNA sequence encoding octreotide gene was inserted into plasmid pET‐28a–Δsec2–Δsak and pET‐28a–Δsak–Δsec2. After expression and purification, fusion proteins could significantly stimulate proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocyte, obviously inhibit the growth of human gastric carcinoma BGC‐823, and have thrombolytic activity, indicating that fusion proteins retained bioactivities of staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 and Sak. Furthermore, tumor binding capacity of fusion protein was confirmed through the coimmunoprecipitation method. The result showed that they could bind SST receptor 2 antibody, indicating that fusion proteins could be specifically targeted to tumor surface. It has important significance and may be used for targeted therapy.
Impact of weight change during neoadjuvant chemotherapy on pathologic response in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Bao Jean , Borja Nicholas , Rao Madhu , Huth James , Leitch A. Marilyn , Rivers Aeisha , Wooldridge Rachel , Rao Roshni 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an uncommon but aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Obesity has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and worse prognosis. Some studies suggest that obese patients are less likely to achieve pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) and experience worse overall survival. Ki‐67 is a proliferation marker that correlates with tumor aggressiveness. The goal of this study was to examine the impact of weight change during NCT for TNBC on pathologic response and Ki‐67 reduction. Retrospective review identified 173 TNBC patients treated between 2004 and 2011. Data were collected on patient demographics, pre‐ and post‐NCT body mass index (BMI), Ki‐67, and pCR. Data analysis was performed using the two‐tailed Student's t‐test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Fisher's exact test. Sixty‐six patients met final study criteria. Forty‐three patients lost weight during chemotherapy and 23 gained weight. Patients in the weight gain group were significantly younger (P = 0.0013). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of Ki‐67 reduction (P = 0.98) or pCR (P = 0.58). When patients were separated into normal weight (BMI<25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI ≥ 25 and <30 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), there was no significant difference in Ki‐67 among those groups either before or after NCT. The degree of obesity did not have a significant impact on Ki‐67 reduction. Weight change during NCT does not appear to correlate with Ki‐67 change or achieving pCR in TNBC. This may reflect the nature of this subtype of breast cancer that is less responsive to the hormonal effects that adipose tissue exerts on cancer cell proliferation.
Single‐Victim and Serial Sexual Homicide Offenders: Differences in Crime, Paraphilias and Personality Traits
Authors: Chan Heng Choon (Oliver) , Beauregard Eric , Myers Wade C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundInformation on psychopathological characteristics of sexual homicide offenders is scarce.AimsTo investigate criminal, paraphilic and personality trait differences between serial and single‐victim sexual homicide offenders.MethodsAll 73 single‐victim and 13 serial sexual homicide offenders presenting within a cohort of 671 men sentenced for sexual crimes between 1994 and 2005 and serving their sentence in one high‐security Canadian prison and who consented to interview were assessed and compared on their offending patterns, personality pathology and paraphilic behaviours.ResultsSerial sexual homicide offenders were more likely than the single offenders to report deviant sexual fantasies, having selected victims with distinctive characteristics, to have targeted strangers, structured premeditation and/or verbal humiliation of their victims during the offences. Personality pathology, defined by at least two Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV criteria for personality disorder, was common in both groups, but the serial offenders were more likely to have narcissistic, schizoid and/or obsessive–compulsive traits; they were also more likely to engage in sexual masochism, partialism, homosexual paedophilia, exhibitionism and/or voyeurism.Implications for practiceSamples of serial sexual homicide offenders will, fortunately, always be small, and it may be that more could be learned to assist in preventing such crimes if data from several studies or centres were pooled. Our findings suggest that an investigation of sexual homicide offenders should include strategies for evaluating premeditation as well as personality and paraphilic characteristics. Crime scene features that should alert investigators should include similar characteristics between victims and particular aspects of body exposure or organisation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of mean platelet volume with angiographic thrombus burden and short‐term mortality in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Lai Hong‐Mei , Xu Rui , Yang Yi‐Ning , Ma Yi‐Tong , Li Xiao‐Mei , Zhao Qian , Chen Qing‐Jie , Zhai Hui , Liu Fen , Chen Bang‐Dang 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of mean platelet volume (MPV) on the intracoronary thrombus burden and short‐term mortality in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundPlatelets play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease. MPV has been reported to be an indicator of platelet reactivity.MethodsA total of 649 consecutive STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI between January 2008 and December 2013 were enrolled and divided into two groups based on the thrombus burden: the large thrombus burden (LTB) group and the small thrombus burden (STB) group. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality at 30 days.ResultThe LTB group had significantly higher admission MPV compared with the STB group (10.77 ± 1.22 vs. 9.95 ± 1.03, P < 0.001). The cumulative 30‐day all‐cause mortality rate was significantly higher in the groups with high MPV and LTB (9.8% vs. 2.5%, P < 0.001, 8.6% vs. 4.1%, P = 0.036, respectively). In a receiver operating characteristics analysis, MPV ≥ 10.2 predicted LTB with 73.5% sensitivity and 68.9% specificity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated MPV was an independent predictor of large intracoronary thrombus burden (OR 1.794, 95% CI 1.533 to 2.100, P < 0.001) and 30‐day all‐cause mortality (HR 1.408, 95% CI 1.040 to 1.906, P = 0.027).ConclusionsIncreased MPV at admission is an independent predictor of large intracoronary thrombus burden and short‐term mortality. It may be a useful biomarker for risk stratification in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI. © 2015 The Authors. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First‐in‐man study evaluating the safety and efficacy of a second generation biodegradable polymer sirolimus‐eluting stent in the treatment of patients with de novo coronary lesions: Clinical, Angiographic, and OCT outcomes of CREDIT‐1
Authors: Wang Geng , Sun Zhongwei , Jin Quanmin , Xu Kai , Li Yi , Wang Xiaozeng , Ma Yingyan , Liu Haiwei , Zhao Xin , Wang Bin , Deng Jie , Guan Shaoyi , Ge Meiling , Wang Xiaoyan , Xu Bo , Han Yaling 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the preliminary safety and efficacy of the EXCEL II stent system.BackgroundAlthough the first biodegradable polymer drug‐eluting stent (BP‐DES), EXCEL, was launched nearly a decade ago, in‐stent restenosis and stent thrombosis remain pertinent clinical problems in practice. A new cobalt‐chromium BP‐DES EXCEL II has been developed with the aim of improving stent safety and efficacy.MethodsForty‐five patients with single de novo native coronary lesions were enrolled and randomized to two groups in a 2:1 ratio, the 4‐month follow‐up group (n = 30) and the 12‐month follow‐up group (n = 15). All patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the EXCEL II stent system. Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were used to assess coronary vasculature at the designated 4‐ or 12‐month follow‐up. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 30 days post‐PCI.ResultsNo MACE, thrombotic events, or target lesion failure was found in the 45 patients during the 12‐month follow‐up. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the two groups in terms of in‐stent and in‐segment late lumen loss (LLL). No in‐stent and in‐segment restenosis was found in either group. At follow‐up, the ratio of >10% uncovered struts per lesion was 26.67% in the 4‐month group and 0% in the 12‐month group (P < 0.05). Neointimal coverage in the 12‐month group was significantly better than in the 4‐month group (98.58% vs. 93.51%, P < 0.01).ConclusionsThis first‐in‐man study demonstrates promising feasibility, safety, and efficacy of EXCEL II stents. These stents were found to have rapid endothelialization and low LLL rates at 4 and 12 months after implantation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymer Nanoreactor with “Mobility‐Recalling” Domains for On/Off Switchable Catalysis
Authors: Zheng Xiaochun , Luo Rong , Zhu Maiyong , Li Songjun 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHow to furnish catalysts with switchable catalytic ability is a challenge in self‐controlled catalysis. This issue was addressed by constructing a unique polymer nanoreactor containing “mobility‐recalling” switchable domains that acted as a molecular switch for providing access to the encapsulated metal nanoparticles. This polymer reactor revealed poor reactivity at relatively low temperatures because of the “frozen” molecular chains in the switchable domains inhibiting the access of substrate to the encapsulated metal nanoparticles (i.e., catalytic “off” status). In contrast, the polymer reactor demonstrated significant reactivity at relatively high temperatures, resulting from the dramatically increased mobility of the molecular chains, which allowed access to the encapsulated nickel nanoparticles (i.e., catalytic “on” status). Switching between the catalytic off and on statuses could be repeated owing to the recallable mobility of molecular chains in the switchable domains. This protocol opens up the opportunity to develop smart nanoreactors for controlled chemical processes.
Na2S–Carbon Nanotube Fabric Electrodes for Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yu Xingwen , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA unique sodium sulfide (Na2S) cathode is developed, which will allow the use of sodium‐free anodes for room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries. To overcome the “inert” nature of the Na2S, a special cathode structure is developed by spreading the multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐wrapped Na2S particles onto MWCNT fabrics. Spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses reveal a series of polysulfide intermediates involved in the charge/discharge of the cell. The Na–S battery prepared in full discharge state with the Na2S/MWCNT cathode provides a remarkable capacity of 500 A h kg−1 (based on sulfur mass) after 50 cycles.
Kinetic Resolution in the [2+2] Cycloaddition of Ketenes: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Rullière Pauline , Carret Sébastien , Milet Anne , Poisson Jean‐François 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe kinetic resolution of Z and E olefins by [2+2] cycloaddition with ketenes allows the isolation of pure E olefin, as well as the synthesis of pure cis‐cyclobutanones, starting from Z/E mixtures. A computational rationale for this kinetic difference is reported. The obtained difference of energy of activation matches with the experimental results.