bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The PrEP resource: a mobile app for clinicians to facilitate screening, prescription and follow up of pre-exposure prophylaxis in the prevention of HIV
Authors: Goldstein Michael , Sturek Claire , Boedeker David , Shvartsman Katerina 
Published: July 2024

Background Over 2 million people worldwide receive a new HIV diagnosis annually. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in preventing HIV transmission, but is underprescribed, including in the US. Lack of clinician comfort and knowledge are the most cited reasons for this discrepancy. We aimed to develop a mobile application (app) to address these barriers and improve patient access to PrEP. Methods We established key criteria to develop a point-of-care app that could be utilised in low-resource settings by various clinicians poised to prescribe PrEP therapy. The app underwent two rounds of beta testing and improvement utilising anonymous survey feedback from US physicians in 2023. Results The PrEP Resource tool was developed. Eleven physicians completed the initial survey addressing prescribing practices and app functionality. A total of 27% (3/11) of participants were uncomfortable prescribing PrEP, with the most common reasons being lack of training, unfamiliarity with guidelines and infrequently prescribing the medication. Our follow-up survey, completed by eight physicians, showed that 100% of participants found the app easy to learn and comprehensive enough to initiate PrEP. Conclusion Clinician discomfort due to lack of knowledge and familiarity is the most common reason for not prescribing PrEP. The PrEP Resource is a free tool that guides healthcare professionals through common clinical scenarios regarding PrEP therapy and may improve clinician comfort levels. It can be used in low-resource and low-bandwidth settings typically encountered in lower-middle-income countries where HIV prevalence is the highest. Further study is required to validate its usefulness across different settings.
Predicting surface-energy anisotropy of metals with geometric properties of surfaces and atoms
Authors: Li Xin , Wu Hao , Gao Wang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Surface-energy anisotropy of metals is crucial for the stability and structure, however, its determining factors and structure-property relationship are still elusive. Herein, we identify three key factors for predicting surface-energy anisotropy of pure metals and alloys: the surface-atom density, coordination numbers and atomic radius. We find that the coupling rules of surface geometric determinants, which determining surface-energy anisotropy of face-centred-cubic (FCC), hexagonal-close-packed (HCP) and body-centred-cubic (BCC) metals, are essentially controlled by the crystal structures instead of chemical bonds, alloying or electronic structures. Furthermore, BCC metals exhibit material-dependent surface-energy anisotropy depending on the atomic radius, unlike FCC and HCP metals. The underlying mechanism can be understood from the bonding properties in the framework of the tight-binding model. Our scheme provides not only a new physical picture of surface stability but also a useful tool for material design.
Transport properties in non-Fermi liquid phases of nodal-point semimetals
Authors: Mandal Ipsita , Freire Hermann 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this review, we survey the current progress in computing transport properties in semimetals which harbour non-Fermi liquid (NFL) phases. We first discuss the widely-used Kubo formalism, which can be applied to the effective theory describing the stable NFL phase obtained via a renormalization group procedure and, hence, is applicable for temperatures close to zero (e.g. optical conductivity). For finite-temperature regimes, which apply to the computations of the generalized DC conductivity tensors, we elucidate the memory matrix approach. This approach is based on an effective hydrodynamic description of the system, and is especially suited for tackling transport calculations in strongly-interacting quantum field theories, because it does not rely on the existence of long-lived quasiparticles. As a concrete example, we apply these two approaches to find the response of the so-called Luttinger-Abrikosov-Benelavskii phase of isotropic three-dimensional Luttinger semimetals, which arises under the effects of long-ranged (unscreened) Coulomb interactions, with the chemical potential fine-tuned to cut exactly the nodal point. In particular, we focus on the electric conductivity tensors, thermal and thermoelectric response, Raman response, free energy, entropy density, and shear viscosity.
Pipeline leak location method based on SSA-VMD with generalized quadratic cross-correlation*
Authors: Peng Laihu , Hu Yongchao , Zhang Jianyi , Lin Jianwei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Natural gas pipelines are an essential part of the economy. Natural gas pipelines may leak after aging, strong vibration signals may be generated in the pipeline when leakage occurs, and vibration signals may be noisy. Traditional variational mode decomposition (VMD) noise reduction methods need to set parameters in advance, and so may not achieve the best decomposition effect. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a method for pipeline leakage location based on the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) optimization of VMD combined with generalized quadratic cross-correlation. The method first calculates the original signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and if the SNR is low, wavelet threshold denoising is used to process the signal. Then, SSA optimization is used to refine the two key parameters of VMD (penalty parameter α and mode decomposition number K) based on sample entropy. Subsequently, the signal undergoes decomposition into K intrinsic mode function (IMF) components through VMD according to the obtained analysis parameter combination. Then, the IMF components are screened to obtain the reconstructed signal. Finally, the noise reduction signal is obtained. The signal delay after noise reduction is obtained through a generalized quadratic cross-correlation and the accurate leakage position is obtained using the delay. Experiments showed that the minimum relative error of this method could reach 0.6%, which was more accurate than the traditional VMD method, and effectively improved the accuracy of noisy signals in pipeline leakage locations.
Research on road crack segmentation based on deep convolution and transformer with multi-branch feature fusion
Authors: Lai Yuebo , Liu Bing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Efficient and precise identification of road pavement cracks contributes to better evaluation of road conditions. In practical road maintenance and safety assessment, traditional manual crack detection methods are time-consuming, physically demanding, and highly subjective. In addition, crack recognition based on image processing techniques lacks robustness. In this paper, a multi-branch feature fusion road crack segmentation network model (DTPC) based on deep convolution and transformer modules is proposed. The model is used for pixel-level segmentation of road crack images, which is a good solution to the existing needs and helps to repair dangerous cracks promptly in the follow-up work to prevent serious disasters due to crack breakage. Firstly, combine deep convolution with transformer modules to achieve precise local extraction and global contextual feature extraction. Secondly, a dual-channel attention mechanism is employed to help the model better address information loss and positional offset issues. Finally, three-branch outputs are fused to obtain prediction maps that intuitively determine recognition results. The proposed model is tested for accuracy using a dedicated road pavement crack dataset. Results show that compared to mainstream models such as SegFormer, HRNet, PSPNet, and fully convolutional network, the DTPC model achieves the highest MIoU score (86.72%) and F1 score (92.49%).
Randomised benchmarking for universal qudit gates
Authors: Amaro-Alcalá David , Sanders Barry C , de Guise Hubert 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We aim to establish a scalable scheme for characterising diagonal non-Clifford gates for single- and multi-qudit systems; d is a prime-power integer. By employing cyclic operators and a qudit T gate, we generalise the dihedral benchmarking scheme for single- and multi-qudit circuits. Our results establish a path for experimentally benchmarking qudit systems and are of theoretical and experimental interest because our scheme is optimal insofar as it does not require preparation of the full qudit Clifford gate set to characterise a non-Clifford gate. Moreover, combined with Clifford randomised benchmarking, our scheme is useful to characterise the generators of a universal gate set.
Repercussion of fiber content on the mechanical, thermal, and thermomechanical properties of natural fibers reinforced thermoplastic composites for automotive application
Authors: Shakir Mufaddal Huzefa , Singh Akant Kumar , Siddhartha  
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Natural fibers are becoming very popular as a reinforcement in composite materials owing to their benefits, such as low-price, lightweight, availability, and environmental friendliness. In this study, abaca fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were created with the help of the injection molding method. Prior to composite fabrication, abaca fibers were chemically treated with a 5 wt% caustic soda (NaOH) solution to improve the bonding between the abaca fibers and the matrix and to enhance their properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to assess the fiber surface microstructures before as well as after the chemical treatment, along with the fractured surfaces of tensile specimens. The mechanical properties, such as tensile, bending, and impact strength, of abaca/PP and abaca/HDPE composites were evaluated and compared. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) methods were utilized to investigate the thermal behavior of composites. Also, the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) method was utilized to explore the thermomechanical properties of the fabricated composites. The outcomes of the experimental findings showed that abaca/PP composite with 10 and 20 wt% fibers is the best choice of material to be used in the automobile industry.
Multi-lump, resonant Y-shape soliton, complex multi kink solitons and the solitary wave solutions to the (2+1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equation for incompressible fluid
Authors: He Yanfei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The major contribution in this paper is to inquire into some new exact solutions to the (2+1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equation (BLMPE) which plays a major role in area of the incompressible fluid. Taking advantage of the Cole-Hopf transform, we extract its bilinear form. Then two different kinds of the multi-lump solutions are probed by applying the new homoclinic approach. Secondly, the Y-shape soliton solutions are explored via assigning the resonance conditions to the N-soliton solutions. Additionally, the complex multi kink soliton solutions (CMKSSs) are investigated through the Hirota bilinear method. Lastly, some other wave solutions including the kink and anti-kink solitary wave solutions are developed with the aid of two efficacious approaches, namely the variational method and Kudryashov method. In the meantime, the profiles of the accomplished solutions are displayed graphically via Maple.
Analysis of f(R, T) inflationary models and their response to Planck data
Authors: Aziz Sahazada , Rahaman Anisur 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We consider the f(R, T) theory of gravity, in which f(R, T) has a linear functional form where R is the Ricci scalar and T is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. Next, we analyze the effect of T on the cosmological observable parameters, such as scalar spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio framing inflationary models with four distinct but well-known potentials. The potentials that have been used are Coleman-Weinberg potential, radiative potential, Kähler Moduli potential, and exponential SUSY potential. We observe that even the amendment of T fails to provide any fruitful impact to make the model framed with Coleman-Weinberg potential a viable phenomenological model. On the other hand, in the models framed with the other three potentials, the cosmological observable parameters agree appreciably more with the recent Planck predictions compared to the scenario where T is not taken into consideration.
No Longer Impossible: The Self-lensing Binary KIC 8145411 is a Triple
Authors: Yamaguchi Natsuko , El-Badry Kareem , Ciardi David R. , Latham David W. , Masuda Kento , Bieryla Allyson , Clark Catherine A. , Condon Samuel S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Five self-lensing binaries (SLBs) have been discovered with data from the Kepler mission. One of these systems is KIC 8145411, which was reported to host an extremely low mass (ELM; 0.2 M
⊙) white dwarf (WD) in a 456 days orbit with a solar-type companion. The system has been dubbed “impossible,” because evolutionary models predict that ∼0.2 M
⊙ WDs should only be found in tight orbits (P
orb ≲ days). In this work, we show that KIC 8145411 is in fact a hierarchical triple system: it contains a WD orbiting a solar-type star, with another solar-type star ∼700 au away. The wide companion was unresolved in the Kepler light curves, was just barely resolved in Gaia DR3, and is resolved beyond any doubt by high-resolution imaging. We show that the presence of this tertiary confounded previous mass measurements of the WD for two reason: it dilutes the amplitude of the self-lensing pulses, and it reduces the apparent radial velocity (RV) variability amplitude of the WD’s companion due to line blending. By jointly fitting the system’s light curves, RVs, and multi-band photometry using a model with two luminous stars, we obtain a revised WD mass of (0.53 ± 0.01)M
⊙. Both luminous stars are near the end of their main-sequence evolution. The WD is thus not an ELM WD, and the system does not suffer the previously proposed challenges to its formation history. Similar to the other SLBs and the population of astrometric WD binaries recently identified from Gaia data, KIC 8145411 has parameters in tension with standard expectations for formation through both stable and unstable mass transfer (MT). The system’s properties are likely best understood as a result of unstable MT from an AGB star donor.
Influence of beam content composition on testbeam studies of hadron calorimeters
Authors: Simeonov R. , Kozhuharov V. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Hadron calorimeters are one of the most important detectors in the contemporary nuclear and particle physics experiments. Their construction and verification process takes years in designing, testing and data analysis of prototypes. Crucial step for the prototypes are tests performed by exposing the detectors to charge particle beams. Here we study the impact of the different beam content composition to one of the main properties of the hadron calorimeters – their energy resolution. We implement a test detector - Metal Hadronic Calorimeter (MACA) in GEANT4 environment and we perform different simulations to study the influence to the main energy resolution parameters.
Bridging Space and Society: The Significance of Public Outreach of Quantum Communication Technologies
Authors: Filipova M , Mladenov A , Jekov B , Georgiev L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Quantum communication technologies are on the verge of a technological development that will change humanity. This paper aims to show the need for quantum technology knowledge outreach among the general public and the necessity of quantum science reaching people in an understandable language. Drawing on global scholarly sources, we explore the differences between classical and quantum physics, classical and quantum computing, and the conventional Internet versus the quantum Internet. Examples from different fields show the need for education and the popularization of quantum technologies. A number of effective methods for teaching youngsters are described, such as infographics, comics, interactive events, storytelling, and personal experiences. This research is based on worldwide scientific sources and an experimental approach, aiming to contribute to a wider understanding of quantum communication technologies based on the contemporary need for their outreach.
Quantum walks on blow-up graphs
Authors: Bhattacharjya Bikash , Monterde Hermie , Pal Hiranmoy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A blow-up of n copies of a graph G is the graph obtained by replacing every vertex of G by an independent set of size n, where the copies of two vertices in G are adjacent in the blow-up if and only if they are adjacent in G. In this work, we characterize strong cospectrality, periodicity, perfect state transfer (PST) and pretty good state transfer (PGST) in blow-up graphs. We prove that if a blow-up admits PST or PGST, then n = 2. In particular, if G has an invertible adjacency matrix, then each vertex in a blow of two copies of G pairs up with a unique vertex to exhibit strong cospectrality. Under mild conditions, we show that periodicity (resp., almost periodicity) of a vertex in G guarantees PST (resp. PGST) between the two copies of the vertex in the blow-up. This allows us to construct new families of graphs with PST from graphs that do not admit PST. We also characterize PST and PGST in the blow-ups of complete graphs, paths, cycles and cones. Finally, while trees in general do not admit PST, we provide infinite families of stars and subdivided stars whose blow-ups admit PST.
Optimizing binders with maximum using of industrial waste to develop low carbon ultra-high performance concrete
Authors: Lu Zhongmei , Huang Zhide , Feng Xiaotao , Qin Tianlin , Zhu Xiaohui , Zhang Aiqin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Optimizing binders by using industrial waste and then adjusting microstructure has potential to develop low production cost and low carbon emission ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) to meet different practical engineering requirements. This study first investigates the influence of silica fume, cenosphere and fly ash on paste mixing time, flowability, flexural and compressive strength of UHPC by using three-factor and four-level orthogonal test. Moreover, the effect of fly ash and slag content were further discussed, and the modification mechanisms of binders were revealed by analyzing pore structure, interface and characteristics of hydration products. The results show that silica fume and cenosphere are the most sensitive factors affecting paste mixing time and flowability of UHPC, respectively. The sensitivity of binders on compressive and flexural strength of UHPC can be ranked according to silica fume > fly ash > cenosphere and cenosphere > fly ash > silica fume, respectively. The binders’ composition for low-carbon UHPC with compressive strength grade of 120 MPa is that cement: cenosphere: silica fume: fly ash equals to 1:0.33:0.33:0.56, and the total amount of fly ash reaches 40%. Meanwhile, the 28d compressive/flexural strength decreases and the flowability increases with the increase of fly ash content, resulting from pore volume with size of 5–50 nm and Ca/Si ratio on the interface between steel fiber and matrix increase. The flowability of UHPC with slag is reduced and the cumulative pore volume with size of 50 nm–5 um pores is increased due to the influence of slag morphology, but the porosity and interfacial Ca/Si ratio is reduced because of the high pozzolanic activity of slag, leading to similar compressive and flexural strength with that of UHPC with fly ash.
The Concept of Sentience
Authors: Birch Jonathan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Sentience has broader and narrower senses. In a broad sense, it refers to any capacity for conscious experience. Conscious experience here refers to ‘phenomenal consciousness’, the idea that there is ‘something it’s like’ to be you. In a narrower sense, it refers to the capacity to have valenced experiences: experiences that feel bad or feel good to the subject, such as experiences of pain and pleasure. A definition of sentience as the capacity for valenced experience can be common ground, despite continuing disagreement about the nature of conscious experience and the nature of valence. We can hope that current definitions of ‘phenomenal consciousness’ will be superseded by more informative successors, but this must await much more theoretical consensus than currently exists. Valence, meanwhile, is one of the two major dimensions, along with arousal, that structure our affective experiences, and the one that matters most from an ethical point of view.
Fetuses and Embryos
Authors: Birch Jonathan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the 1980s, growing public awareness that anaesthesia was not routinely being used on newborn babies during surgery led to a successful campaign to change clinical practice, vindicated by subsequent evidence. The case shows the value of precautionary thinking and of subjecting clinical norms to public scrutiny. When we turn to fetuses, there is sometimes a concern that recognizing fetal sentience may be incompatible with also recognizing a right to abortion, but there is no incompatibility. We should recognize human fetuses as sentience candidates from the start of the second trimester. Future evidence could move the threshold for sentience candidature, but it should always align with the earliest scientifically credible, evidence-based estimate. Clinical norms in this area need to be formulated by appropriately inclusive processes, and these processes need to give appropriate weight to the voices of women. Research on embryos raises a different set of issues. The ‘14-day rule’ has always represented a compromise between deeply conflicting values, and the conflict has never been satisfactorily resolved.
Building Legacy
Authors: Foster Ann-Marie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Uniquely during and after the First World War, families donated the memorial ephemera and objects they created in the aftermath of a loved one’s death to national collections. This chapter focuses on the Imperial War Museum’s attempt to collect family items through the Bond of Sacrifice and Women’s Work collections. Both initiatives drew on family archives to populate their collections, relying on donations from the public to create mass memorials to the dead. Both collections were established in 1917, and actively collected until the early 1920s. The administrative archives which accompany these collections contain letters written by the families of the dead, offering snapshots of their grief. Significantly, the collections covered both men’s and women’s death in war service, providing rare examples of grief over the death of daughters and wives.
Contextual Convergence in Digital Social Spaces
Authors: Hanson Rebekah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on digital social spaces as contexts. Digital social spaces, like social networking platforms for instance, are environments in which a context is formed through the platform design and interactivity of the people within the network. As people join digitally based communities via social networks, app programs, and online discussion forums, these serve as contexts in their own right and also form part of the overall contextual shaping of individuals and communities as the boundaries blur between digital and geographical. This provides an opportunity to reflect on the interaction between geographical and digital contexts as contributing to the interpreter’s notion of their overall context as they engage with the social dynamics of the biblical context(s). Bible apps serve as an example of digital social spaces which highlights the convergence of different contextual factors in contextual biblical interpretation activities.