bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Prescription and Illicit Drugs in Pregnancy‐Associated Non‐natural Deaths of Florida Mothers, 1999–2005
Authors: Hardt Nancy , Wong Tit D. , Burt Martha J. , Harrison Ross , Winter Will , Roth Jeffrey 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAbuse of prescription and illicit drugs has been rapidly increasing. This study examines the prevalence of drug use in the non‐natural deaths of pregnant or recently pregnant women. Records from Florida's Pregnancy Associated Mortality Review conducted between 1999 and 2005 (n = 415) were linked to 385 toxicology reports obtained from Florida medical examiners' offices. The final study sample consisted of 169 drug‐positive, pregnancy‐associated non‐natural deaths. Of these, 86 were positive for both blood and urine, 64 were positive for blood only and five for urine only, and the remainder were positive for some other specimen. Among these deaths, 91 cases (54%) involved prescription drugs, 78 cases (46%) involved illicit drugs, and 69 cases (41%) involved alcohol. Opioids constituted the majority of deaths associated with prescription drugs. Substantial co‐use of opioids and benzodiazepines was seen. Pregnant or recently pregnant women may have more interactions with healthcare providers, which may present more opportunities for intervention and prevention.
Necropsy Findings in Dogs that Died During Grooming or other Pet Service Procedures
Authors: Maria Anna Carolina Barbosa Esteves , Rego Alexandre Aparecido Mattos da Silva , Maiorka Paulo César 
Published: July 2013

AbstractProcedures involved in grooming, bathing, and other pet services can often lead animals to death. Of the necropsies of 1391 animals carried out at a private diagnostic laboratory in Sao Paulo, Brazil from 2004 to 2009, 94 were dogs that died during the above‐mentioned procedures. Young male dogs and small breeds like Poodle Miniature, Yorkshire Terrier, and Lhasa Apso were most frequently observed. Blunt‐force trauma was responsible for the deaths of 31% of the animals, with a higher incidence of trauma to the head, characterized chiefly by fractures and nervous tissue lesions. In the other 69% of cases, the animals showed signs of stress, and died due to pulmonary edema and hemorrhage. As we cannot rule out the intentional character in some situations, this article provides veterinary forensic support for veterinarians and pet owners, especially in lawsuits, helping in finding the cause of animal's death in such pet services.
Quantified Explosives Transfer on Surfaces for the Evaluation of Trace Detection Equipment
Authors: Tam Maggie , Pilon Pierre , Zaknoun Hafid 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTrace explosive test surfaces are often required for the evaluation of trace detection equipment to determine the equipment performance. Test surfaces of C‐4, Detasheet, Semtex‐H, TNT, and HMTD were prepared by transferring trace amount of explosive deposited on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) transfer strips onto different surfaces (Kraft paper, hard plastic, woven fabric, and soft vinyl). The amount of explosive transferred was deduced from the amount of explosive remaining on the PTFE strips after transfer, as quantified by direct analysis using tandem mass spectrometry with thermal desorption. From the data set of over 2000 transfers, we experienced lower transfer efficiency for Semtex‐H and Detasheet, and for soft vinyl and hard plastic. However, the rapid quantification mass spectrometric method allowed the transfer efficiency to be determined for all test surfaces used in an evaluation of trace explosive detectors, thereby permitting only the test surfaces with desired transfer to be accepted for the assessment.
Overview of: “Improving Civil Gang Injunctions: How Implementation Can Affect Gang Dynamics, Crime, and Violence”
Authors: Hennigan Karen M. , Sloane David 
Published: July 2013

Research SummaryThe civil gang injunction (CGI) is an increasingly popular suppression strategy. Interviews with 416 youth in areas with and without a CGI suggest that suppression‐oriented injunctions may have little useful impact on gang social dynamics. CGIs may have promise as part of a comprehensive strategy that uses enhanced sanctions both to suppress crime and to move individual gang offenders toward alternatives (such as education, personal development, and jobs), allowing them to imagine alternative social identities.Policy ImplicationsWhether CGIs play a positive role in curtailing the activities of street gang members or whether they fuel it instead may depend on policy makers and criminal justice officials ensuring that (a) gang members are approached as individuals, (b) the safety zone is appropriately sized, and (c) police suppression activities are accompanied by gang‐focused social services and a clear, transparent escape clause. Successful implementation depends on multiple city agencies being integrated into the CGI strategy early on.
Overview of: “Distinguishing ‘Loner’ Attacks from Other Domestic Extremist Violence: A Comparison of Far‐Right Homicide Incident and Offender Characteristics”
Authors: Gruenewald Jeff , Chermak Steven , Freilich Joshua D. 
Published: July 2013

Research SummaryRecent reports have suggested that “loner” extremists, or self‐radicalized extremists with no ties to organized groups who commit an ideologically motivated attack on their own, represent a growing threat to public safety in the United States. Disagreements among scholars and policy makers about contributing factors of loner attacks have led to competing predictions based largely on anecdotal evidence. Our study contributes to the understanding of loner violence by comparatively examining lethal attacks committed by far‐right extremist loners and other far‐rightists in the United States between 1990 and 2010. More than 20 of the leading claims from the literature on extremist loner violence are examined. The systematic comparison of far‐right loners and other far‐rightists presented in this article highlights ways in which loners are different from other far‐rightists. Bivariate comparisons found that far‐right loners are more likely to have a military background, less likely to be married, and more likely to plan on dying at commission of the crime, live alone, use a firearm, kill multiple victims, and select government targets. Loners also were similar to other far‐right extremists on a large number of measures. Using a multivariate analysis, we tested what factors are particularly important for distinguishing between loners and other far‐right offenders net the effects of other variables. Variables that significantly distinguished loners from other far‐right homicide offenders include military background, age, mental illness, and relationship status.Policy ImplicationsThe findings highlight several important differences between loners and other types of violent extremists that could be used by policy makers and analysts to craft policies and strategies designed to prevent and preempt loner extremism. It seems that increased emphasis on intelligence, the use of undercover operations and informants, and task force strategies are in many ways working to prevent attacks committed by extremists. Although steps must always be taken to ensure that civil rights are not violated, our results provide direction for modifying and redirecting some ongoing counterterrorism efforts to prevent future loner attacks. We conclude with a discussion on how building or enhancing extant partnerships, information sharing, technological surveillance, and sharpening threat assessment capabilities could enhance current strategies to thwart loner violence.
Unique tagging of small echinoderms: a case study using the cushion star Parvulastra exigua
Authors: Martinez Aline Sbizera , Byrne Maria , Coleman Ross A. 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Tagging animals is essential to evaluate animal population dynamics and behaviour. Using unique marks requires that tags must last for the duration of the study and not affect animal behaviour and health. Echinoderms, especially smaller species, are usually considered intractable for tagging because they readily discard both internal and external tags.

We compared the utility of two tagging techniques for marking the small starfish Parvulastra exigua: (i) branding with a soldering iron, and (ii) injection of visible implant elastomer (VIE) of different colours. The efficiency of these techniques was evaluated by assessing (i) the effects of the tag on the mortality, growth and mobility of P. exigua; and (ii) the persistence of the tags over 30 days.

VIE had no detectable effect on any variable tested, whereas brand marks caused a decrease in mobility. In addition, 95% of the starfish tagged with VIE were still tagged after 1 month.

This technique will facilitate research on the ecology of this and other small asteroid species, and is also relevant for ecological studies of other small soft‐bodied invertebrates. The combination of VIE colours plus the viability to track individuals offers a wide range of opportunities to investigate the ecology and behaviour of small invertebrates in the field.
The expression of fatty acid metabolism‐associated proteins is correlated with the prognosis of meningiomas
Authors: Jiang Jie , Lin Chengjun , Liu Nan , Zhang Zhen , Sun Yu , Fang Xiang , Qi Jiping 
Published: July 2013

The expression of fatty acid metabolism‐associated proteins is correlated with the prognosis of meningiomas. Meningioma is a common tumor of the nervous system; however, reliable prognostic markers for meningioma are currently insufficient. High fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression occurs in many tumors, and is associated with tumor progression and grade. Few studies have previously investigated fatty acid metabolism in meningioma; thus, in this study, we investigated the expression of FAS and brain fatty acid‐binding protein (BFABP) proteins in all grades of meningioma and determined the association to meningioma grade, invasiveness, recurrence, and progression. We determined expression levels of FAS and BFABP in all grade meningiomas by immunohistochemical analysis in 314 patients diagnosed with meningioma. The expression levels of FAS and BFABP increased significantly in correlation with meningioma grade (p < 0.01). Compared with benign meningioma, the expression levels of FAS and BFABP were significantly higher in brain invasive meningioma (p < 0.01). Compared with nonrecurrent meningioma (benign meningioma), the expression of FAS was also increased in recurrent meningioma (p < 0.01). The expression of fatty acid metabolism‐associated proteins potentially correlates with meningioma grade, invasiveness, aggressiveness, and recurrent status and provides evidence for a novel therapeutic target for meningioma.
Systemic inflammatory response and local cytokine expression in porcine models of endocarditis
Authors: Christiansen Johanna G. , Jensen Henrik E. , Jensen Louise K. , Koch Janne , Aalbæk Bent , Nielsen Ole L. , Leifsson Páll S. 
Published: July 2013

The knowledge of systemic inflammation and local cytokine expression in porcine endocarditis models is limited, though it could provide valuable information about the pathogenesis and comparability to human endocarditis. Analyses of bacteriology and hematology were performed on blood samples from pigs with non‐bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE, n = 11), Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis (IE, n = 2), animals with S. aureus sepsis without endocarditis (n = 2) and controls (n = 2). Furthermore, immunohistochemistry was used to examine the local expression of IL‐1β and IL‐8. Bacterial blood cultures were continuously positive in IE pigs from inoculation to euthanasia, and negative in all other pigs at all times. The total white blood cell counts and total neutrophil counts were massively elevated in pigs with IE. Local IL‐1β and IL‐8 expression in IE pigs were moderate to high, and high, respectively. In addition, slight local expression of IL‐1β and IL‐8 was present in some NBTE pigs. In the IE model, both the systemic inflammatory response and the high local expression of IL‐8 were comparable to the human disease. Furthermore, the results indicate IL‐1β and IL‐8 as important contributors in the endocarditis pathogenesis.
Laparoendoscopic single‐site concomitant surgery for gallstones and a giant ovarian teratoma
Authors: Fujimoto Akihisa , Osuga Yutaka , Sakurabashi Ayako , Hisatomi Shinya , Kaneko Junichi , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Yano Tetsu , Kokudo Norihiro , Kozuma Shiro 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLaparoendoscopic single‐site (LESS) technique has gained popularity in several fields of surgery. Our patient had multiple gallstones and a left ovarian mature cystic teratoma 12 cm in diameter. She underwent concomitant laparoscopic cholecystectomy and adnectomy using LESS technique. Using a transient gasless technique resulted in the extraction of a giant ovarian tumor through the umbilical incision with no leakage into the abdominal cavity. Concomitant LESS surgery is feasible and has many benefits both for patients and doctors – cosmetics, possibly less pain, avoidance of multiple surgeries and cost‐effectiveness. LESS technique is also useful for extracting a giant tumor with the transient gasless technique. This novel method might be applied to the removal of a tumor suspicious for malignancy.
Reduced‐port laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer: Feasibility based on our early experience
Authors: Ishii Yoshiyuki , Hasegawa Hirotoshi , Endo Takashi , Ochiai Hiroki , Okabayashi Koji , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe report our experience of a reduced‐port laparoscopic surgery as an advanced laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer.Twelve selected patients with clinical T1–2 and N0 rectal cancer (clinical stage I) underwent low anterior resection of the rectum. The procedures were performed with one port plus a multiple‐instrument access port with three channels. The multiple‐instrument access port was placed at the umbilicus or the site of diverting stoma, and another port was placed in the right abdomen or in the opposite abdomen of ostomy.The median operative time and intraoperative bleeding were 280 min and 15 mL, respectively. The median number of harvested lymph nodes was 20. No major perioperative morbidities occurred in this series. The median postoperative hospital stay was 10 days.Low anterior resection performed by reduced‐port laparoscopic surgery is feasible as multiport laparoscopic surgery, and it is a reliable surgical option in selected patients with rectal cancer.
Fractured metallic biliary stent causing obstruction and jejunal perforation
Authors: Saravanan Manickam Neethirajan , Mathai Varughese , Kapoor Dharmesh , Singh Balbir 
Published: July 2013

AbstractInterventional internal drainage of the biliary tract has become an established procedure for both the temporary and definitive treatment of biliary obstruction due to malignant or benign disease. Biliary stent migration and stent fracture are known but rare complications. A 50‐year‐old man presented with acute onset pain in the abdomen and vomiting. He had undergone hepaticojejunostomy following a bile duct injury during open cholecystectomy 13 years before he presented at our institution. Subsequently, he developed a benign biliary stricture at the anastomotic site, which was stented transhepatically by a metallic stent. CT of his abdomen showed a fractured stent segment obstructing the jejunum with a localized perforation. Herein, we discuss his presentation and course of management, and review the factors influencing stent migration and fracture and the potential options for stent retrieval. The patient needed surgical intervention to retrieve the migrated fragment of metal stent and to resect the perforated jejunal segment. The role of endoscopic self‐expanding metal stents for benign biliary disease remains controversial. A migrated stent that has become symptomatic should be removed endoscopically in early and accessible cases and surgically when endoscopic measures fail or when complicated by obstruction or perforation.
Different factor VIII neutralizing effects on anti‐factor VIII inhibitor antibodies associated with epitope specificity and von Willebrand factor
Authors: Yada Koji , Nogami Keiji , Shima Midori 
Published: July 2013

SummaryInhibitor neutralization therapy based on factor (F)VIII replacement is used for haemostatic treatment in haemophilia A patients with inhibitors on low responder, but effects appear to depend on various properties of inhibitors. We investigated this nature by evaluating the global coagulation function in timed‐reactions after mixing FVIII (1 U/ml) with anti‐FVIII alloantibodies containing distinct epitopes (2·5 Bethesda units/ml). Thrombin generation assays showed that peak thrombin and mean velocity to peak thrombin were depressed by anti‐C2 type 1 inhibitors to significantly greater extents than by anti‐A2 type 1 and anti‐C2 type 2 (2‐ to 6‐fold and 10‐ to 20‐fold, respectively). In the presence of FVIII‐von Willebrand Factor (VWF) complex, the anti‐C2 type 1‐mediated decreased thrombin generation was reduced by 20–40%, reflecting the protective function of VWF. However, the activities of anti‐A2 type 1 were little affected, and that of anti‐C2 type 2 was rather enhanced by c. 2·5‐fold, relative to FVIII. Clot waveform analysis also showed similar patterns. Anti‐FVIII monoclonal antibodies with well‐defined characteristics demonstrated similar reactions to those with polyclonal inhibitors. In conclusion, the neutralizing effects of FVIII(‐VWF) depending on epitopes could have significant therapeutic implications, and it could be important to determine inhibitor properties in order to predict the effects of infused FVIII in neutralization therapy.
Lower limb compartment syndrome as a complication of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy: theUKexperience
Authors: Pridgeon Simon , Bishop Conrad V. , Adshead Jim 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of lower limb compartment syndrome (LLCS) in robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and the prevalence of risk factors in patients withLLCS.MethodsData were collected from 17UKrobotic surgery institutions for a multicentre analysis.Data were used to calculate the incidence ofLLCSand the prevalence of risk factors.ResultsA total of 3110RARPswere performed by 17 institutions between 2004 and 2011.There were nine cases ofLLCS, giving an incidence of 0.29%. Seven of these required fasciotomy.The prevalence of risk factors was as follows: console time >4 h in 8/9 cases, early learning curve (<20 cases) in 3/9 cases; obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2) in 5/9 cases; and peripheral vascular disease in 2/9 cases. One patient withLLCSwas positioned incorrectly.ConclusionsThe serious complicationLLCSoccurs inRARPbut has a low incidence.Long operating times, surgical inexperience, poor patient positioning, obesity and vascular disease appear to be risk factors.
The Influence of the Tolerance between Mechanical Components on the Accuracy of Implants Inserted with a Stereolithographic Surgical Guide: A Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: Cassetta Michele , Di Mambro Alfonso , Di Giorgio Gianni , Stefanelli Luigi V. , Barbato Ersilia 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe stereolithographic‐guided surgery system involves a sequence of diagnostic and therapeutic events, and errors can arise at different stages. In these systems, one of the potentially clinically relevant errors may be the mechanical errors caused by the bur‐guide gap due to the presence of a rotational allowance of the drills in the tubes.PurposeThe purpose of this retrospective clinical study is to determine if it is possible to reduce the total error by limiting the tolerance among the mechanical components and to evaluate its clinical incidence.Materials and MethodsSixty‐six implants were inserted using the External Hex Safe® (Materialise Dental, Leuven, Belgium) system (Group A), and 71 implants were inserted using the same system with mechanical components modified to minimize the tolerance (Group B). Regarding only the angular deviation values, the t‐test was used to determine the influence of reduced tolerance among the mechanical components on the accuracy values.Resultst‐Test showed that there is a statistically significant better accuracy with the modified system (Group B).ConclusionsLimiting the error that originates from mechanical components, total error could be statistically significantly reduced. Mechanical error is one of the most important source of error using External Hex Safe stereolithographic surgical guide.
A Comparison of Social Outcomes Associated with Different Fisheries Co‐Management Institutions
Authors: Cinner Joshua , Huchery Cindy 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCollaborative management (often referred to as co‐management) is increasingly being used to promote sustainability, equity, compliance, and other desirable outcomes in fisheries. However, little is known about how these outcomes are related to specific institutional arrangements (such as the types of rules in use and the forums for developing those rules). Here, we surveyed 960 resource users from 42 communities across five countries to examine how people's perceptions of livelihood and compliance outcomes are related to the: (1) number of rules in use; (2) specific configurations of rules; and (3) type of co‐management arrangement in place. We found that perceived compliance was lower when >2 rules were in use, suggesting that the complexity of regulations can hinder compliance. Additionally, we found that resource users under locally managed protected areas and customary management arrangements were more likely to perceive beneficial livelihood outcomes than users under national park and devolved governance arrangements.
Understanding the effectiveness of marine protected areas using genetic connectivity patterns and Lagrangian simulations
Authors: Pujolar José Martin , Schiavina Marcello , Di Franco Antonio , Melià Paco , Guidetti Paolo , Gatto Marino , De Leo Giulio A. , Zane Lorenzo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimTo explore the patterns of connectivity between marine protected areas (MPAs) and neighbouring non‐protected areas and the scale at which the benefits of MPAs are expected using the white sea bream as model species.LocationMarine protected area of Torre Guaceto (TGMPA, Italy) in the south Adriatic Sea.MethodsA multidisciplinary approach was used combining (1) a genetic survey using 12 highly informative microsatellite loci of samples collected within the MPA and in several locations up to 100 km from the MPA; and (2) larval trajectories using Lagrangian simulations based on an oceanographical model of the region that includes specific data on early life‐history traits. Both genetic and simulation studies were temporarily replicated during two consecutive years.ResultsThe overall genetic homogeneity observed indicates that the TGMPA is not isolated and that there is genetic connectivity among locations across a scale of at least ~200 km. A high degree of connectivity between the TGMPA and neighbouring areas is in agreement with Lagrangian simulations, which indicate that white sea bream larvae can be transported over large distances up to about 300 km. Trajectories released from the TGMPA showed that on average, 12.75% of the larvae remains within the TGMPA, while the rest travel south towards non‐protected areas.Main conclusionsOur findings highlight the potential benefits of effectively enforced MPAs for neighbouring or relatively distant non‐protected fishing areas and the potential connection with other MPAs at regional scale. Combining genetics and modelling can provide a general framework to investigate the role of connectivity in MPA design that can be easily extended to other species and geographical areas.