bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open Stomata 1 (OST1) is limiting in abscisic acid responses of Arabidopsis guard cells
Authors: Acharya Biswa R. , Jeon Byeong Wook , Zhang Wei , Assmann Sarah M. 
Published: September 2013

Summary

Open Stomata 1 (OST1) (SnRK2.6 or SRK2E), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is a positive regulator in abscisic acid (ABA)‐mediated stomatal response, but OST1‐regulation of K+ and Ca2+ currents has not been studied directly in guard cells and it is unknown whether OST1 activity is limiting in ABA‐mediated stomatal responses.

We employed loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function approaches to study native ABA responses of Arabidopsis guard cells. We performed stomatal aperture bioassays, patch clamp analyses and reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurements.

ABA inhibition of inward K+ channels and light‐induced stomatal opening are reduced in ost1 mutants while transgenic plants overexpressing OST1 show ABA hypersensitivity in these responses. ost1 mutants are insensitive to ABA‐induced stomatal closure, regulation of slow anion currents, Ca2+‐permeable channel activation and ROS production while OST1 overexpressing lines are hypersensitive for these responses, resulting in accelerated stomatal closure in response to ABA. Overexpression of OST1 in planta in the absence of ABA application does not affect basal apertures or ion currents. Moreover, we demonstrate the physical interaction of OST1 with the inward K+ channel KAT1, the anion channel SLAC1, and the NADPH oxidases AtrbohD and AtrbohF.

Our findings support OST1 as a critical limiting component in ABA regulation of stomatal apertures, ion channels and NADPH oxidases in Arabidopsis guard cells.
Positive and negative caregiver experiences in first‐episode psychosis: Emotional overinvolvement, wellbeing and metacognition
Authors: Jansen Jens E. , Lysaker Paul H. , Harder Susanne , Haahr Ulrik H. , Lyse Hanne‐Grethe , Pedersen Marlene B. , Trauelsen Anne M. , Simonsen Erik 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesWhile caregivers of persons with first‐episode psychosis often report a range of negative experiences, little is known about what psychological factors are involved. The aim of this study was to examine how caregivers' general wellbeing, emotional overinvolvement and metacognition influenced their reports of both positive and negative caregiving experiences.DesignA prospective consecutive cross‐sectional study.MethodsForty caregivers of patients with first‐episode psychosis were interviewed using semi‐structured interview and questionnaires.ResultsGreater levels of distress and overinvolvement were associated with more negative experiences of caregiving while greater metacognitive capacity was associated with more positive experiences of caregiving.ConclusionsThe experience of positive and negative aspects of caregiving seems to be associated with different variables. Greater metacognitive capacity does not necessarily alleviate the suffering and distress, which is a healthy and normal reaction to having a close one suffering from psychosis. But it might help broaden the perspective, allowing for both negative and positive experiences. Clinical implications in terms of expanding the range of therapeutic interventions are discussed.Practitioner points

Assessing the capacity for metacognition in a non‐clinical population.

Understanding what factors are involved in positive and negative caregiver experiences in first‐episode psychosis.

A broadening of family interventions by encompassing the concept of metacognition.
Reduced generation time of apple seedlings to within a year by means of a plant virus vector: a new plant‐breeding technique with no transmission of genetic modification to the next generation
Authors: Yamagishi Noriko , Kishigami Ryusuke , Yoshikawa Nobuyuki 
Published: September 2013

SummaryFruit trees have a long juvenile phase. For example, the juvenile phase of apple (Malus × domestica) generally lasts for 5–12 years and is a serious constraint for genetic analysis and for creating new apple cultivars through cross‐breeding. If modification of the genes involved in the transition from the juvenile phase to the adult phase can enable apple to complete its life cycle within 1 year, as seen in herbaceous plants, a significant enhancement in apple breeding will be realized. Here, we report a novel technology that simultaneously promotes expression of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T gene (AtFT) and silencing of apple TERMINAL FLOWER 1 gene (MdTFL1‐1) using an Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) vector (ALSV‐AtFT/MdTFL1) to accelerate flowering time and life cycle in apple seedlings. When apple cotyledons were inoculated with ALSV‐AtFT/MdTFL1 immediately after germination, more than 90% of infected seedlings started flowering within 1.5–3 months, and almost all early‐flowering seedlings continuously produced flower buds on the lateral and axillary shoots. Cross‐pollination between early‐flowering apple plants produced fruits with seeds, indicating that ALSV‐AtFT/MdTFL1 inoculation successfully reduced the time required for completion of the apple life cycle to 1 year or less. Apple latent spherical virus was not transmitted via seeds to successive progenies in most cases, and thus, this method will serve as a new breeding technique that does not pass genetic modification to the next generation.
Analysis of a deletion in the nephronophthisis 4 gene in different dog breeds
Authors: Palánová Anna , Schröffelová Daniela , Přibáňová Michaela , Dvořáková Věra , Stratil Antonín 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCone‐rod dystrophy is a progressive inherited retinal degenerative disorder that occurs in humans and dogs. The deletion in the nephronophthisis 4 (NPHP4) gene was established as a causative mutation in standard wire‐haired Dachshunds. We analyzed all varieties of Dachshunds from the Czech Republic and five other dog breeds and found that the deletion in the NPHP4 (in heterozygous state) is present not only in standard‐, but also in miniature wire‐haired Dachshunds, but not in other varieties of Dachshunds or in other breeds.
NonsuturedHotz–Celsus technique performed byCO2laser in two dogs and two cats
Authors: Serrano Carolina , Rodríguez José 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIt is described a new version of modified Hotz‐Celsus technique performed in four patients, two cats and two dogs. The surgery was carried out using CO2 laser in order to avoid bleeding and decrease the anesthetic time. Besides, the wound created was not sutured and it healed by secondary intention without any complication. As a conclusion, this modification is a successful alternative to treat entropion in a safe and fast way.
Canine multifocal retinopathy caused by a BEST1 mutation in a Boerboel
Authors: Gornik Kara R. , Pirie Christopher G. , Duker Jay S. , Boudrieau Randy J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA 7‐month‐old male intact Boerboel presented to the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University for the evaluation of ocular discharge. Bilateral multifocal serous retinal detachments were noted on fundus examination as an incidental finding. Genetic testing confirmed the dog to be homozygous for a mutation in the BEST1 gene, where a C73T/R25X change results in premature termination codon. Further testing, including electroretinography and optical coherence tomography (OCT), demonstrated that there was no evidence of retinal photoreceptor dysfunction and confirmed that observed lesions were characteristic of canine multifocal retinopathy. No progression of the lesions was noted 3 months after the initial examination. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of canine multifocal retinopathy in the Boerboel breed.
Calcific band keratopathy in an alpaca
Authors: Pucket Jonathan D. , Boileau Melanie J. , Sula Mee Ja M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA 4‐year‐old femaleSuri alpaca was presented for evaluation of acute onset weakness, lethargy, and recent development of opacities in both eyes. On ophthalmic examination, bilaterally symmetrical corneal opacities were noted along the interpalpebral fissures with a few corneal blood vessels intermingled. A presumed diagnosis of calcific band keratopathy was made based on location and appearance. The patient was euthanized a short while after diagnosis due to reasons unrelated to the eyes and histologic examination of the corneas revealed subepithelial calcium and vascularization, consistent with calcific band keratopathy. This case report is the first to document this ocular condition in an alpaca.
Low voltage‐activated calcium channels gate transmitter release at the dorsal root ganglion sandwich synapse
Authors: Rozanski Gabriela M. , Nath Arup R. , Adams Michael E. , Stanley Elise F. 
Published: September 2013

Key points
Sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) lack direct inter‐somatic synaptic contacts but a subpopulation can communicate with their immediate neighbours via transglial, neuron–glial cell–neuron ‘sandwich synapses’.
We used gently dissociated chick DRG to explore the properties and identity of the voltage sensitive calcium channel responsible for gating transmitter (ATP) release at the neuron‐to‐glial cell synapse.
A combined pharmacological and biophysical characterization identified the T type, CaV3.2 calcium channel.
The low voltage‐activated and inactivation‐sensitive properties of CaV3.2 suggest that sandwich synapse transmission is gated not only by action potentials but also by sub‐threshold membrane depolarizations.
CaV3.2 modulating agents are of interest as anaesthetics, raising the possibility that sandwich synapse transmission plays a role in the aetiology of DRG‐derived abnormal sensation and pain.
Abstract  A subpopulation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons are intimately attached in pairs and separated solely by thin satellite glial cell membrane septa. Stimulation of one neuron leads to transglial activation of its pair by a bi‐, purinergic/glutamatergic synaptic pathway, a transmission mechanism that we term sandwich synapse (SS) transmission. Release of ATP from the stimulated neuron can be attributed to a classical mechanism involving Ca2+ entry via voltage‐gated calcium channels (CaV) but via an unknown channel type. Specific blockers and toxins ruled out CaV1, 2.1 and 2.2. Transmission was, however, blocked by a moderate depolarization (−50 mV) or low‐concentration Ni2+ (0.1 mm). Transmission persisted using a voltage pulse to −40 mV from a holding potential of −80 mV, confirming the involvement of a low voltage‐activated channel type and limiting the candidate channel type to either CaV3.2 or a subpopulation of inactivation‐ and Ni2+‐sensitive CaV2.3 channels. Resistance of the neuron calcium current and SS transmission to SNX482 argue against the latter. Hence, we conclude that inter‐somatic transmission at the DRG SS is gated by CaV3.2 type calcium channels. The use of CaV3 family channels to gate transmission has important implications for the biological function of the DRG SS as information transfer would be predicted to occur not only in response to action potentials but also to sub‐threshold membrane voltage oscillations. Thus, the SS synapse may serve as a homeostatic signalling mechanism between select neurons in the DRG and could play a role in abnormal sensation such as neuropathic pain.
Are type III–IV muscle afferents required for a normal steady‐state exercise hyperpnoea in humans?
Authors: Dempsey Jerome A. , Blain Grégory M. , Amann Markus 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWhen tested in isolation, stimuli associated with respiratory CO2 exchange, feedforward central command and type III–IV muscle afferent feedback have each been shown to be capable of eliciting exercise‐like cardio‐ventilatory responses, but their relative contributions in a setting of physiological exercise remains controversial. We reasoned that in order to determine whether any of these regulators are obligatory to the exercise hyperpnoea each needs to be removed or significantly diminished in a setting of physiological steady‐state exercise, during which all recognized stimuli (and other potential modulators) are normally operative. In the past few years we and others have used intrathecal fentanyl, a μ‐opiate receptor agonist, in humans to reduce the input from type III–IV opiate‐sensitive muscle afferents. During various types of intensities and durations of exercise a sustained hypoventilation, as well as reduced systemic pressure and cardioacceleration, were consistently observed with this blockade. These data provide the basis for the hypothesis that type III–IV muscle afferents are obligatory to the hyperpnoea of mild to moderate intensity rhythmic, large muscle, steady‐state exercise. We discuss the limitations of these studies, the reasons for their disagreement with previous negative findings, the nature of the muscle afferent feedback stimulus and the need for future investigations.
Interfraction variation in lung tumor position with abdominal compression during stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Mampuya Wambaka Ange , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Matsuo Yukinori , Ueki Nami , Iizuka Yusuke , Fujimoto Takahiro , Yano Shinsuke , Monzen Hajime , Mizowaki Takashi , Hiraoka Masahiro 
Published: September 2013

Purpose:To assess the effect of abdominal compression on the interfraction variation in tumor position in lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a larger series of patients with large tumor motion amplitude.Methods:Thirty patients with lung tumor motion exceeding 8 mm who underwent SBRT were included in this study. After translational and rotational initial setup error was corrected based on bone anatomy, CBCT images were acquired for each fraction. The residual interfraction variation was defined as the difference between the centroid position of the visualized target in three dimensions derived from CBCT scans and those derived from averaged intensity projection images. The authors compared the magnitude of the interfraction variation in tumor position between patients treated with [n = 16 (76 fractions)] and without [n = 14 (76 fractions)] abdominal compression.Results:The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the motion amplitude in the longitudinal direction before abdominal compression was 19.9 ± 7.3 (range, 10–40) mm and was significantly (p < 0.01) reduced to 12.4 ± 5.8 (range, 5–30) mm with compression. The greatest variance of the interfraction variation with abdominal compression was observed in the longitudinal direction, with a mean ± SD of 0.79 ± 3.05 mm, compared to −0.60 ± 2.10 mm without abdominal compression. The absolute values of the 95th percentile of the interfraction variation for one side in each direction were 3.97/6.21 mm (posterior/anterior), 4.16/3.76 mm (caudal/cranial), and 2.90/2.32 mm (right/left) without abdominal compression, and 2.14/5.03 mm (posterior/anterior), 3.93/9.23 mm (caudal/cranial), and 2.37/5.45 mm (right/left) with abdominal compression. An absolute interfraction variation greater than 5 mm was observed in six (9.2%) fractions without and 13 (17.1%) fractions with abdominal compression.Conclusions:Abdominal compression was effective for reducing the amplitude of tumor motion. However, in most of the authors’ patients, the use of abdominal compression seemed to increase the interfraction variation in tumor position, despite reducing lung tumor motion. The daily tumor position deviated more systematically from the tumor position in the planning CT scan in the lateral and longitudinal directions in patients treated with abdominal compression compared to those treated without compression. Therefore, target matching is required to correct or minimize the interfraction variation.
Effects of long-term exposure to PM10and NO2on asthma and wheeze in a prospective birth cohort
Authors: Mölter Anna , Agius Raymond , de Vocht Frank , Lindley Sarah , Gerrard William , Custovic Adnan , Simpson Angela 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundEpidemiological studies on the effect of urban air pollution on childhood asthma have shown conflicting results and so far no consistent association has emerged. However, a common limitation in previous studies has been exposure misclassification leading to uncertainties in risk estimates.The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on the prevalence of asthma and wheeze within a population-based birth cohort—the Manchester Asthma and Allergy Study (MAAS).MethodsThe prevalence of asthma and current wheeze within the cohort (N=1185) was determined through parental questionnaires at ages 3, 5, 8 and 11 years. The typical monthly PM10and NO2exposure of each child was estimated through a novel microenvironmental exposure model from birth to age 11. The association between exposure and asthma or wheeze was analysed using generalised estimating equations and multiple logistic regression.ResultsThe range of asthma prevalence was 15.2–23.3%, with the lowest prevalence at age 3 and the highest at age 5. The prevalence of current wheeze decreased from ages 3 to 8 (23.7–18%). The mean NO2exposure decreased from the 1st year of life (21.7 µg/m3) to the 11th year of life (16.0 µg/m3). The mean PM10exposure showed a smaller decrease (12.8 –10.7 µg/m3). The statistical analysis showed no significant association between the exposures and either outcome.ConclusionsNo evidence of a significant association between long-term exposure to PM10and NO2and the prevalence of either asthma or wheeze was found.
Graph Reachability and Pebble Automata over Infinite Alphabets
Authors: Tan Tony 
Published: September 2013

Let
D
denote an infinite alphabet -- a set that consists of infinitely many symbols. A word
w
=
a
0
b
0
a
1
b
1
⋯
a
n
b
n
of even length over
D
can be viewed as a directed graph
G
w
whose vertices are the symbols that appear in
w
, and the edges are (
a
0
,
b
0
), (
a
1
,
b
1
), ..., (
a
n
,
b
n
). For a positive integer
m
, define a language
R
m
such that a word
w
=
a
0
b
0
⋯
a
n
b
n
∈
R
m
if and only if there is a path in the graph
G
w
of length ≤
m
from the vertex
a
0
to the vertex
b
n
.

We establish the following hierarchy theorem for pebble automata over infinite alphabet. For every positive integer
k
, (i) there exists a
k
-pebble automaton that accepts the language
R
2k − 1
; (ii) there is no
k
-pebble automaton that accepts the language
R
2k + 1 − 2
. Using this fact, we establish the following main results in this article: (a) a strict hierarchy of the pebble automata languages based on the number of pebbles; (b) the separation of monadic second order logic from the pebble automata languages; (c) the separation of one-way deterministic register automata languages from pebble automata languages.
SCMFS
Authors: Wu Xiaojian , Qiu Sheng , Narasimha Reddy A. L. 
Published: September 2013

Modern computer systems have been built around the assumption that persistent storage is accessed via a slow, block-based interface. However, emerging nonvolatile memory technologies (sometimes referred to as storage class memory (SCM)), are poised to revolutionize storage systems. The SCM devices can be attached directly to the memory bus and offer fast, fine-grained access to persistent storage.
In this article, we propose a new file system---SCMFS, which is specially designed for Storage Class Memory. SCMFS is implemented on the virtual address space and utilizes the existing memory management module of the operating system to help mange the file system space. As a result, we largely simplified the file system operations of SCMFS, which allowed us a better exploration of performance gain from SCM. We have implemented a prototype in Linux and evaluated its performance through multiple benchmarks. The experimental results show that SCMFS outperforms other memory resident file systems, tmpfs, ramfs and ext2 on ramdisk, and achieves about 70% of memory bandwidth for file read/write operations.
Dynamic Adjustments of Cognitive Control: Oscillatory Correlates of the Conflict Adaptation Effect
Authors: Pastötter Bernhard , Dreisbach Gesine , Bäuml Karl-Heinz T. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
It is a prominent idea that cognitive control mediates conflict adaptation, in that response conflict in a previous trial triggers control adjustments that reduce conflict in a current trial. In the present EEG study, we investigated the dynamics of cognitive control in a response-priming task by examining the effects of previous trial conflict on intertrial and current trial oscillatory brain activities, both on the electrode and the source level. Behavioral results showed conflict adaptation effects for RTs and response accuracy. Physiological results showed sustained intertrial effects in left parietal theta power, originating in the left inferior parietal cortex, and midcentral beta power, originating in the left and right (pre)motor cortex. Moreover, physiological analysis revealed a current trial conflict adaptation effect in midfrontal theta power, originating in the ACC. Correlational analyses showed that intertrial effects predicted conflict-induced midfrontal theta power in currently incongruent trials. In addition, conflict adaptation effects in midfrontal theta power and RTs were positively related. Together, these findings point to a dynamic cognitive control system that, as a function of previous trial type, up- and down-regulates attention and preparatory motor activities in anticipation of the next trial.
The Formative Period of American Capitalism: A Materialist Interpretation, Daniel Gaido, London: Routledge, 2006
Authors: Post Charles 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Daniel Gaido’s The Formative Period of American Capitalism provides a thorough accounting of classical Marxist writing on the history of US capitalism. He combines insights from the classical Marxist and US Trotskyist traditions with an engagement with a selection of recent historical research to produce a provocative interpretation of the origins and rise of capitalism in the US. However, his failure to critically interrogate the classical Marxist and US Trotskyist traditions on the US or engage with the growing historical research on the origins and trajectory of US capitalism weakens his contribution.