bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography of mammals in Southeast Alaska and implications for management of the Tongass National Forest
Authors: Androski Antonia , Wiens Ben J. , Cook Joseph A. , Dawson Natalie G. , Colella Jocelyn P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInsular evolution on archipelagos generates a significant proportion of global biodiversity, yet islands are among the ecosystems most sensitive to accelerating anthropogenic disturbance, introductions of non‐native species, and emerging pathogens, among other conservation challenges. The Alexander and Haida Gwaii archipelagos along North America's North Pacific Coast support a disproportionate number of endemic taxa compared to other high‐latitude terrestrial ecosystems. In this region, endemics in Canada are explicitly protected, but in the United States, endemics have been operationally ignored. We reviewed regional research on terrestrial mammals and endemics from 2000–2022 to guide wildlife management. Elevated regional endemism is due to a combination of deep and shallow temporal processes (i.e., long‐term refugial isolation vs. recent colonization). With adequate sampling, genomic analyses are well‐suited to identifying nuanced patterns of divergence and endemism, thereby facilitating a deeper understanding of regional diversity. We identified 18 mammalian endemics in Southeast Alaska, USA, at varying taxonomic scales, but research effort has significant taxonomic biases and sampling infrastructure remains inadequate. Of the 66 terrestrial and aquatic mammal species in Southeast Alaska, only 55% are represented by ≥10 archived samples over the last 2 decades. Across taxa, major spatial and temporal sampling gaps limit interpretations of wildlife responses to changing environmental conditions. The Tongass National Forest is spread across an island archipelago, and climate change is projected to have disproportionate impacts on island endemics worldwide. In this case, the United States Forest Service is not closely monitoring endemic taxa, as was required by the Tongass Land Management Plan in 1997. Our review underscores a need for increased consideration of how endemism can be incorporated into land and wildlife management across the Alexander Archipelago. Moving forward, we encourage state and federal agencies, Indigenous communities, and international collaborators to continue to partner with natural history biorepositories to ensure strategic wildlife sampling infrastructure is built and made accessible to the broader scientific community as part of the land management process.
Welfare enhancement or environment improvement: How does China's rural revitalization assistance policy work? Evidence from China
Authors: Huang Man , Zhao Xue , Zhuang Jincai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the context of sustainable development, the greatest challenge facing society today is to improve welfare of the disadvantaged while preserving the environment. This paper constructed a theoretical framework of “policy‐welfare‐environment,” explored the effects in terms of individual welfare enhancement and village environment improvement, and conduct empirical tests on a sample of 1208 rural households in China. The results show that: (1) The assistance policy can significantly improve the overall welfare of the disadvantaged groups, and meanwhile, it can improve different dimensions of welfare, with the degree from high to low was a social opportunity, spiritual feeling, and economic situation. (2) The assistance policy can increase the probability of adopting environmental protection behavior, which in turn can significantly improve the village environment. (3) Welfare improvements in social opportunities mediate between the assistance policy and village environment improvements, while improvements in spiritual feelings and economic status do not. In addition, there is age heterogeneity in the welfare enhancement effect of the policy in the economic status dimension and the spiritual feeling dimension. The conclusions provide valuable policy enlightenment for assistance policy formulation and environmental governance, and can protect the ecological environment while improving public welfare, which is in line with the trend of sustainable development.
Variation in soil quality in tropical dryland agroecosystem: Impact of different crop sequences
Authors: Soni Priyanka , Zaya Fahami , Kumar Rahul , Kumari Amrita , Gupta Riya , Singh Nidhi , Ghoshal Nandita 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRole of crop diversification on productivity has been studied widely but its impact on soil carbon dynamics is least studied. The present study was designed to compare the effects of crop diversification in terms of rice‐based mixed crops viz. wheat (RW), chickpea (RC), and flaxseed (RF) and mono‐crops viz. pigeonpea (PP) and mustard (MU) on major soil quality including physical, chemical and biological parameters, total crop biomass, and carbon input (CI) in a tropical rainfed dryland agroecosystem. Trend of total crop biomass observed was: pigeonpea > rice > wheat > mustard > flaxseed > chickpea. Across all the crop sequences, CI into the soil through crop residues including stubbles and root biomass varied considerably and followed the trend: PP > RW > RF > RC > MU. Levels of soil organic carbon (SOC), humic acid, fulvic acid, water holding capacity (WHC), macro‐aggregate fraction, microbial biomass carbon and phosphorus, enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase, and β‐glucosidase were higher whereas bulk density, meso‐, and micro‐aggregate fractions were lower in the mixed crops than mono‐crops. SOC was positively correlated to all the attributes except bulk density, meso‐, and micro‐aggregate fractions. Lower values of the various soil quality attributes in PP despite the highest CI into the soil as compared to all the mixed crops might be due to the soil carbon priming effect. This study indicated that the quantity of CI through mixed crops had less impact in sustaining soil fertility and productivity of agroecosystems and suggests that the quality of CI play vital role. Mixed cropping sequence especially rice‐wheat was found to be the better option for the dry tropics.
Influence of reclamation techniques and vegetation types on water retention in hard coal spoil heaps
Authors: Singh Pranav Dev , Klamerus‐Iwan Anna , Woś Bartłomiej , Pietrzykowski Marcin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between the reclamation method (with topsoil and with bare rock), individual species, and land cover (woodland, grassland, and forbsland) on micro‐climate and retention properties, that is, volumetric water content (vwc) and water storage capacity (S). The large overburden dump “Sośnica” in Upper Silesia served as a research site, which makes it possible to investigate the planned experimental variants with relatively homogeneous properties of the deposited rock. The study uses statistical analysis and multilinear regressions to investigate the correlation between reclamation method, species, and land cover with parameters such as atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, vwc, soil temperature (st), and S. The experiments were carried out both in the field and in the laboratory. The results of this study indicate that the parameters related to retention properties were higher in the recultivated areas than in the areas left to natural succession. “S” was significantly higher in grassland and forbsland (15.67–16.52%) than in control plots where 10.23% was found, and in areas where an additional soil layer was applied (14.72%). Maximum vwc (22.17%) was on plots with topsoil than on bare rock (14.89%). Vwc were highest in the areas designated as grassland (28.54%), in comparison with woodlands and forblands (the control without vegetation cover had the worst thermal and retention properties). This study sheds light on the effects of reclamation method, species, and land cover on various parameters and helps to understand the importance of appropriate reclamation techniques for soil and water conservation. Further research on the impacts of reclamation techniques and land cover on micro‐climatic conditions in diverse post‐mining landscapes is crucial for developing globally applicable restoration strategies that promote ecological resilience.
Effects of small rock check dams on channel bed, vegetation diversity, and soil properties 10 years after a severe wildfire in forest micro‐catchments of central eastern Spain
Authors: Martinez Hontecillas Adrian , Lucas‐Borja Manuel Esteban , Carmona‐Yañez Maria Ángeles , Denisi Pietro , Plaza‐Alvarez Pedro Antonio , Zema Demetrio Antonio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOne of the most common post‐fire management techniques is the construction of check dams in catchments. However, little research has explored how small check dams impact on bed profile, vegetation diversity and soil properties several years after their construction in Mediterranean ephemeral channels draining micro‐catchments burned by severe wildfires. To fill this gap, this study has evaluated the effects of rock check dams installed about 10 years ago in small catchments after a wildfire in Castilla La Mancha (Central Eastern Spain). The changes in channel morphology, plant diversity as well as a large dataset of soil properties have been analysed close to the check dams in comparison to burned but non‐regulated channels. Neither the channel slope nor bed sediment size significantly changed downstream and upstream of the structures in comparison to the non‐regulated channels. Thanks to the unexploited retention capacity, the studied control works are still able to store the mobilised sediments on occasion of the most intense floods. Higher species richness in both upstream and downstream sections (+64%) was detected, while the plant evenness was not altered compared to the non‐regulated channels. Regarding the soil properties, increases in organic matter (over 200%), nutrients (+72% for N and +152% for P) and some cations (+29% for Ca and +86% for Mg) were measured. Overall, the presence of the rock check dams in the burned micro‐catchments, although improving many key plant and soil characteristics, did not sharply change the hydrological, geomorphological and ecological conditions compared with those of the non‐regulated catchments.
Grazer‐induced changes on mechanical properties of diatoms frustule: A new proof for a watery arms race
Authors: Xu Huo , Chen Fengyuan , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhang Zhen , Pan Ke , Liu Hongbin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe investigated changes in physiology and mechanical properties of diatoms exposed to chemical cues released by copepods Pseudodiaptomus annandalei. Our results showed that the diatoms Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Cylindrotheca closterium, Thalassiosira weissflogii, and Amphora coffeaeformis exhibited elevated growth rates and a substantial 2‐ to 50‐fold increase in biogenic silica (BSi) content increase when exposed to the chemical cues except for Cyclotella sp. Atomic force microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed that diatom frustules exhibited a remarkable 3‐ to 10‐fold increase in modulus and a substantial 2‐ to 5‐fold increase in hardness when they received grazing signals. The increase in the proportion of condensed silicon in the frustules could be the major reason for the more mechanically robust cells. Our results indicate that diatoms simultaneously increase their growth rate and robustness when exposed to copepod chemical cues. This study at the nanoscale enhanced our understanding of how diatoms respond to zooplankton predation in marine ecosystems.
Analysis of Macromolecular Systems as Enabler for Energy and Life Science Applications
Authors: Anufriev Ilya , Debbeler Jonas , Traeger Anja , Nischang Ivo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIdeas concerning the conceptual existence of macromolecular and colloidal systems found their inception at the beginning of the last century. The experimental technology developed to discover and characterize those systems can be associated with seminal pioneers laying the foundations for microscopic, hydrodynamic, and light scattering approaches. In this perspective, we focus our attention on the origins of the discovery and characterization of macromolecular and colloidal systems with selected examples from the beginnings to the present. This perspective attempts to directly interconnect the design of new macromolecular as well as colloidal systems and the simultaneous development of using advanced characterization techniques for design verification. While not claiming a complete coverage of the entire field of modern polymer science, our selected examples concern the field of life science and the recently and rapidly developing area of energy materials.
The Development and Evaluation of PFSA‐Free Polyacrylonitrile‐co‐Methyl Acrylate (PAN‐MA) Nanofiber Membranes for its Potential Application as a Proton Exchange Membrane in Fuel Cells
Authors: Seda Köksal Yeğin , Öner Mualla , Remis Tomas , Tomas Martin , Kovarik Tomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe significance of hydrogen energy has grown considerably due to climate change and the depletion of fossil fuels. PEM fuel cells are the key hydrogen technologies. Commercial membranes based on perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) with a polymer structure containing fluorine are currently available. However, it has been determined that certain perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) are hazardous, persistent, and bioaccumulative. Advancements in hydrogen technology rely on effective, inexpensive, and perfluorocarbon‐free membranes, specifically proton exchange membranes (PEMs). In this research, a PFSA‐free polyacrylonitrile‐co‐methyl acrylate (PAN‐MA) membrane doped with phosphoric acid is prepared using the electrospinning method and then characterized by SEM, FE‐SEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA, DMA, and EIS. The DMA analysis reveals that the storage modulus of the doped membrane increases from 0.98 to 5.66 MPa at 80 °C. The nanofiber composite membrane, with a thickness of 181 µm, exhibits the highest proton conductivity of 0.306 S m−1 at 20 °C, 1.76 times higher than that of the Nafion 212 membrane. The Nafion 212 membrane has an ionic conductivity of 0.173 S m−1 under the same conditions. These results indicate that the prepared nanofiber membranes are promising materials for evaluating fuel cell applications.
Research Priorities on the Role of α‐Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Burré Jacqueline , Edwards Robert H. , Halliday Glenda , Lang Anthony E. , Lashuel Hilal A. , Melki Ronald , Murayama Shigeo , Outeiro Tiago F. , Papa Stella M. , Stefanis Leonidas , Woerman Amanda L. , Surmeier Dalton James , Kalia Lorraine V. , Takahashi Ryosuke ,   the MDS Scientific Issues Committee
Published: July 2024

AbstractVarious forms of Parkinson's disease, including its common sporadic form, are characterized by prominent α‐synuclein (αSyn) aggregation in affected brain regions. However, the role of αSyn in the pathogenesis and evolution of the disease remains unclear, despite vast research efforts of more than a quarter century. A better understanding of the role of αSyn, either primary or secondary, is critical for developing disease‐modifying therapies. Previous attempts to hone this research have been challenged by experimental limitations, but recent technological advances may facilitate progress. The Scientific Issues Committee of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) charged a panel of experts in the field to discuss current scientific priorities and identify research strategies with potential for a breakthrough. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Spektroskopie: Vom Spektrum zur Karte
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDie konfokale Ramanmikroskopie verbindet eine hohe Ortsauflösung mit gutem Identifizieren von Substanzen. So lassen sich Prozesse überwachen und Oberflächen kartieren. Anwendungen erstrecken sich von pharmazeutischen Formulierungen bis zum Design neuer Batterien.
Blickpunkt Nachwuchs: Supersäuren und starke Oxidationsmittel
Authors: Malischewski Moritz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAduc‐Preisträger Moritz Malischewski kombiniert an der FU Berlin Organometall‐ und Koordinationschemie mit Fluorchemie. Er arbeitet unter anderem in supersauren Medien und verwendet dabei perfluorierte Cyclopentadienyl‐Liganden – heraus kommen reaktive und ungewöhnliche Komplexe.
Blickpunkt Nachwuchs: Funktionalisieren mit Licht
Authors: Pospech Jola 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDie Aduc‐Preisträgerin Jola Pospech entwickelt lichtgetriebene Synthesestrategien. Ihre Forschungsgruppe nutzt dazu einen stabilen Heteroaromaten als Photoredox‐ und Wasserstoffatomtransferkatalysator.
Wie Kationen Zellwände durchdringen
Authors: Meyer Philipp , Banerji Amitabh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMit Kronenethern lassen sich Prozesse der Natur nachahmen und verstehen, etwa der Ionentransport durch Zellmembranen. Das macht sie zu idealen Modellsystemen für Schulen. Allerdings fehlte es bislang an Schüler:innenexperimenten mit für Schulen geeigneten Lösemitteln – ein Projekt aus Potsdam ändert dies nun.
Fachgruppen 2023: Austausch und Förderung
Authors: Karger Gerhard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDer positive Trend in den Mitgliederzahlen der einzelnen Fachgruppen ist ungebrochen, auch der relative Anteil studentischer Mitglieder steigt weiter. Schwerpunkte der Fachgruppenarbeit waren im Jahr 2023 wieder der fachliche Austausch, auch in Online‐Vortragsreihen, und die Förderung des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs.
Improving performance of TPU by controlled crosslinking of soft segments
Authors: Barros Junior Lucivan P. , de Souza Lucio R. , Rahimzadeh Rasoul , Manas‐Zloczower Ica 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) are a family of thermoplastic elastomers with great properties such as high elongation and excellent chemical and abrasion resistance, which are processable by conventional melting methods. Nevertheless, TPUs lose mechanical properties and thermal stability at higher temperatures. In this work, we designed and synthesized a new TPU with limited crosslinking of the soft segments in order to improve its performance at high temperatures while preserving processability. Additionally, the new TPU maintains its transparency. With the incorporation of 10% trifunctional polyol, the Tg was increased by 7°C, the storage modulus at room temperature (25°C) was improved by 412 MPa (136%), the rubbery plateau was extended by 32°C and the thermal stability was enhanced by 4°C at T5. Moreover, the TPU with controlled crosslinking of the soft segments shows exceptional creep behavior both at room temperature and at 150°C, where the creep rate decreased by 80%. The new TPU shows limited decrease in tensile properties and can be processed by conventional thermoplastic processing techniques.Highlights
Design and synthesis of a new TPU with limited crosslinking of the soft segments.
Incorporation of the crosslinks into the soft segments preserves system processability.
Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties while preserving system transparency.
High temperature application window extended by 32°C.
Creep rate at 150°C lowered by 80%.
Quarks unter Hochdruck im Proton
Authors: Burkert Volker , Diehl Stefan , Schweitzer Peter 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungSeit der Entdeckung der Protonstruktur wurden große Fortschritte beim Verständnis seiner partonischen Struktur und des Zusammenhangs zwischen den experimentell gemessenen Eigenschaften und der Bewegung und Verteilung von Quarks im Inneren des Protons gemacht. Ein Meilenstein ist der Zusammenhang zwischen sogenannten Generalisierten Parton‐Verteilungen (GPDs) und den mechanischen Eigenschaften des Protons sowie die erstmalige Bestimmung des Drucks im Proton mit Hilfe von Formfaktoren. Der Druck im Zentrum des Protons übersteigt sogar denjenigen im Zentrum eines Neutronensterns. Diese Messungen eröffnen auch einen neuen Weg für experimentelle Studien von mechanischen Eigenschaften des Protons. Viele Fragen auf diesem Weg müssen noch mithilfe laufender und zukünftiger präziser Messungen gelöst werden.
Data‐driven plasma science: A new perspective on modeling, diagnostics, and applications through machine learning
Authors: He Mengbing , Bai Ruihang , Tan Shihao , Liu Dawei , Zhang Yuantao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper comprehensively explores the integration of machine learning (ML) with atmospheric pressure plasma, highlighting its transformative impact in areas, such as modeling, diagnostics, and applications. The paper delves into the application of neural networks and deep learning models in simulating complex plasma dynamics, enhancing prediction accuracy, and reducing computational demands. We also examine the application of ML in plasma diagnostics, including real‐time data analysis and process optimization, demonstrating advancements in monitoring and controlling plasma systems. The article discusses the challenges encountered in this integration process, such as data quality, computational resources, and model interpretability. Finally, we outline future development directions, emphasizing the potential of ML in revolutionizing plasma research, improving operational efficiency, and opening new avenues in plasma technology.
Catalyst‐free pretreatment of raw wheat straw by atmospheric‐pressure pulsed air discharge for enhancement of sugar production
Authors: Sun Fuli , Xiong Lin , Wang Licheng , Li Jie , Nikiforov Anton , Xiong Qing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study presents atmospheric‐pressure plasma as a novel catalyst‐free pretreatment method for raw wheat straw (RWS) biomass. The work explores the effects of processing parameters, such as milled particle size, moisture content of RWS, and plasma generations, on pretreatment efficiency. To understand the mechanisms behind the enhanced pretreatment efficiency, various analysis techniques were used to analyze the physical and chemical properties of RWS before and after pretreatment. The analysis reveals that plasma pretreatment significantly damages the surface smoothness of RWS and enhances the decomposition of lignocellulosic structures. These effects are primarily attributed to the reactive species generated by the pulsed discharge, rather than the accompanying UV radiation, acidification, or heating actions during plasma pretreatment.
Redefining family structures: Births out of wedlock in 21st century Greece
Authors: Gavalas Vasilis S. , Raftakis Michail 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study explores Greece's unique position as the country with the lowest nonmarital childbearing rate in Europe. The socio‐demographic profile of mothers is being analysed in three categories of marital status: married, unmarried, and in civil partnership. Unpublished data, custom‐made exclusively for this study from the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT), have been used, spanning from 2019 to 2021. Key focus areas include maternal age at childbirth, educational attainment, and nationality (Greek, EU27 except for Greek, and non‐EU). Geographical analysis is conducted at the Regional Unit level (Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics [NUTS] 3 classification). Findings reveal that Greek teenage and early twenties mothers, as well as those with low educational level, are more likely to be unwed, implying that maternity might have come because of an unplanned pregnancy. On the other hand, those in civil partnerships resemble married mothers in age and educational attainment. Non‐Greek nationals show a higher prevalence of nonmarital births, and a sociodemographic profile that implies that unwed maternity constitutes a conscious choice for them. This study not only illuminates the characteristics of unwed mothers in Greece but also provides empirical insights for evaluating prevailing theoretical frameworks regarding family dynamics in countries facing low fertility rates.