bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward an Authentic Understanding of Catholic School Identity
Authors: Hurst Christopher 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResearchers have studied Catholic schools for decades, often in an attempt to extrapolate from them lessons that may help public schools accomplish similar levels of academic achievement and other desirable goals, such as social mobility, social efficiency, and democratic equality. But research that attempts to understand Catholic education from a secular perspective inevitably misunderstands the purpose of education that Catholic schools themselves claim to pursue, i.e., beatitude. This unique purpose is the source of Catholic school identity. Here, Christopher Hurst argues that by considering Catholic education as the practice of a distinctly Catholic tradition, researchers can authentically assess how well Catholic schools are achieving their own stated goals, and whether their practices can be applied outside of a particular Catholic context.
Changing Spanish preservice teachers' environmental attitudes with a citizen science program integrated in Environmental Education subject
Authors: Diez Ojeda María , Queiruga‐Dios Marián , Queiruga‐Dios Miguel Ángel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research analyzes the effect of the implementation of citizen science activities in the Environmental Education (EE) subject program of the Degree in Primary Education applying Experiential Learning Theory. Environmental Attitudes Inventory (EAI) was used to measure the change in environmental attitudes (EA) of 173 preservice teachers through a pre‐test–post‐test experimental design without a control group. Participation in the training program significantly improved EA in the 12 dimensions defined in the EAI. Of the dimensions included in the second order factor Preservation, Enjoyment of nature reached the largest effect size and Environmental movement activism is the one that obtains the smallest effect size. With regard to Utilization, all dimensions presented a large effect size. No significant differences were found in EA based on the gender variable. It can be concluded that the incorporation of citizen science activities in the EE program significantly improves EA.
Differential microRNA expression in adolescent anxiety proneness
Authors: van Rensburg Danièlle Jansen , Womersley Jacqueline Samantha , Martin Lindi , Seedat Soraya , Hemmings Sian Megan Joanna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBiological mechanisms underlying anxiety proneness (AP), the tendency to react fearfully to stressors due to the belief that experiencing anxiety has harmful consequences, remain unclear. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as microRNAs (small, non‐coding RNAs 19–20 nucleotides long), may be contributory. This study investigated AP‐associated differences in microRNA expression among South African adolescents with variable exposure to childhood trauma (CT). AP was assessed using a composite score reflecting trait anxiety and anxiety sensitivity, while CT exposure was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. High‐quality total RNA (n = 88) extracted from whole blood underwent microRNA‐sequencing. Differential microRNA expression analysis was conducted with DESeq2 in R, messenger RNA target prediction analysis was performed using TargetScan and DIANA‐microT, and the DIANA mirPATH tool was used for KEGG pathway analysis. The majority of participants were female (75.86%) with an average age of 15 (±1.19) years. MicroRNA expression analysis identified upregulation of hsa‐miR‐28‐5p and downregulation of hsa‐miR‐502‐3p and hsa‐miR‐500a‐3p in high‐AP individuals, irrespective of CT. Four KEGG pathways, each with ≥10% of their constituent genes predicted to be targets of the differentially expressed microRNAs, were identified and were enriched for genes involved in calcineurin and glutamate signalling. These findings suggest that epigenetically mediated effects on neuronal function contribute to the molecular aetiology of AP.
Assessing interpretability of data‐driven fuzzy models: Application in industrial regression problems
Authors: Júnior Jorge S. S. , Gaspar Carlos , Mendes Jérôme , Premebida Cristiano 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMachine Learning (ML) has attracted great interest in the modeling of systems using computational learning methods, being utilized in a wide range of advanced fields due to its ability and efficiency to process large amounts of data and to make predictions or decisions with a high degree of accuracy. However, with the increase in the complexity of the models, ML's methods have presented complex structures that are not always transparent to the users. In this sense, it is important to study how to counteract this trend and explore ways to increase the interpretability of these models, precisely where decision‐making plays a central role. This work addresses this challenge by assessing the interpretability and explainability of fuzzy‐based models. The structural and semantic factors that impact the interpretability of fuzzy systems are examined. Various metrics have been studied to address this topic, such as the Co‐firing Based Comprehensibility Index (COFCI), Nauck Index, Similarity Index, and Membership Function Center Index. These metrics were assessed across different datasets on three fuzzy‐based models: (i) a model designed with Fuzzy c‐Means and Least Squares Method, (ii) Adaptive‐Network‐based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), and (iii) Generalized Additive Model Zero‐Order Takagi‐Sugeno (GAM‐ZOTS). The study conducted in this work culminates in a new comprehensive interpretability metric that covers different domains associated with interpretability in fuzzy‐based models. When addressing interpretability, one of the challenges lies in balancing high accuracy with interpretability, as these two goals often conflict. In this context, experimental evaluations were performed in many scenarios using 4 datasets varying the model parameters in order to find a compromise between interpretability and accuracy.
Young People Talk About Digital Support for Mental Health: An Online Survey of 15–30‐Year Olds in New Zealand
Authors: Garrett Susan M. , Hilder Jo , Tester Rachel , Dunlop Abby , Gardiner Tracey , Dowell Tony , Brady Soraya Kamau , Gilbert Nicole , Shippam Maggie , Tanirau Shay , Kenny Neo , McBride Caitlin , Wilson Joana , Rukuwai Ellie , Aryan Niusha , Stubbe Maria 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMental distress is on the rise for young people, and there are high levels of unmet need for support. Increasingly, young people are engaging with online mechanisms of support to avoid cost and wait times; however, online support does have its limitations. We surveyed young people, 15–30 years of age, in Aotearoa New Zealand to explore their views of digital support for mental health. The aim of this study was to find out from young people what they thought about various types of online support and perceived benefits and drawbacks.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey promoted through social media advertising was used. Participants included anyone aged 15–30 years living in Aotearoa New Zealand. The survey ran for 10 weeks between February and May 2022. It included demographic questions and asked about (i) use of digital support for mental health; (ii) what digital support is best used for; (iii) best ways of publicising mental health supports to young people; and (iv) where they would choose to get information about mental health support. Questions were a mix of forced choice and free text. Participants could opt to take part in a follow‐up interview.ResultsSurveys were completed by 1471 participants; two respondents participated in an interview. A total of 641 participants had used digital support before (44%). The most used forms of digital support were websites (n = 324) and watching videos (n = 260), although these were not necessarily rated as the most helpful. Alternatives that people most wanted to try were podcasts and phone or video consultations with a counsellor or therapist. Drawbacks of digital support included privacy concerns, technical issues, lack of quality and motivation requirements. Benefits included ease of access, anonymity and a non‐threatening starting point.ConclusionsDigital support has a place in mental health care, but strong sentiment was expressed in favour of real‐life support. It may also be worth investing in more innovative types of digital support such as online performing arts and podcasts.Patient or Public ContributionA group of young people were recruited as co‐researchers, had input into survey design, data analysis and interpretation and are co‐authors (list of co‐authors). Survey respondents also included young people with lived experience who are members of the general public.
Extending the process frontier of digital transformation: A flow‐oriented perspective
Authors: Mozaffar Hajar , Candi Marina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStrong interest in digital transformation to increase business value calls for new and improved theorising of the digital transformation process. Traditional perspectives fail to address the complex socio‐technological challenges and entanglement of actions at multiple levels that characterise the process. This research adopts a flow‐oriented perspective to extend the process frontier of digital transformation. This entails analysing the lines of action that intertwine to form storylines of digital transformation. Drawing on a multilevel longitudinal qualitative study, the research offers three valuable contributions: First, the paper advances the discourse on digital transformation by introducing the heretofore unrecognised phenomenon of transitional moments. Second, by introducing a novel taxonomy for lines of action, the paper demonstrates the evolving nature of the digital transformation process, surpassing conventional rational‐system model interpretations. These two contributions broaden the process frontier of digital transformation by underscoring the dynamic and continuous nature of digital transformation, emphasising its non‐linear progression, and rejecting the notion of an idealised direct path to a predefined goal. These two additions to the digital transformation discourse lay the foundations for our third contribution, which is a set of proposed research approaches for future investigations into digital transformation, regardless of research focus, phenomena, or domain.
Reproductive ecology of the sand crab (Ovalipes punctatus) population in the Yellow Sea of Korea
Authors: Lee Hyeon Gyu , Jeong Jae Mook , Choi Youn Hee 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the reproductive ecology of crustaceans is important for developing appropriate resource management policies. Because the demand for sand crabs (Ovalipes punctatus) as a food resource has recently surged in Korea, their reproductive ecological characteristics should be comprehensively described. In this study, the reproductive ecological characteristics—sex ratio, female gonad maturity, abdominal width (AW), condition factor (K), and gonadosomatic index (GSI)—of individuals of O. punctatus collected from the Yellow Sea in Korea (35°15′00″N, 125°15′00″E) from January to December 2021 were examined. Based on the sex ratio (1:1.61, females:males), we determined that males were more abundant than females. The monthly K for both the males and females reached its maximum in April. The monthly GSI revealed that the males were most numerous in December, whereas the females were most abundant in May. The GSI graph indicates that the main spawning season of O. punctatus is from May to July. The AW and GSI of the females increased as their gonads matured; based on this correlation, the maturity of female individuals can be determined by examining the abdominal flap morphology. The results of histological analysis indicated that females of O. punctatus exhibit synchronous development, by which oocytes develop simultaneously. Furthermore, the size at maturity, at which more than half of the individuals participated in spawning, was 75.6 mm. The findings of this study contribute to the development of policies for the sustainable fisheries of O. punctatus.
Efficacy and safety of tegoprazan‐ and rabeprazole‐based concomitant therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection: Real‐world evidence
Authors: Jung Byung Wook , Park Chan Hyuk , Jung Yoon Suk 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimTegoprazan, a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker, has been approved for Helicobacter pylori eradication in Korea. We compared the efficacy and safety of tegoprazan‐ and rabeprazole‐based concomitant therapies for H. pylori eradication in real‐world clinical practice.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from patients with H. pylori infection treated with tegoprazan‐ or rabeprazole‐based concomitant therapies. The primary endpoint was H. pylori eradication rate. The secondary endpoint was adverse events.ResultsAmong the 1474 included patients, 620 and 854 received tegoprazan‐ and rabeprazole‐based concomitant therapies, respectively. Intention‐to‐treat analysis showed no significant difference in the eradication rates between the tegoprazan‐ and rabeprazole‐based concomitant therapy groups (74.7% [95% confidence interval [CI], 71.1–78.0%] vs 72.7% [95% CI, 69.7–75.6%], P = 0.400). Per‐protocol analysis also demonstrated similar eradication rates for the groups (tegoprazan vs rabeprazole: 88.0% [95% CI, 85.0–90.6%] vs 85.9% [95% CI, 83.2–88.3%], P = 0.288). Although the overall adverse event rate did not differ between groups (tegoprazan vs rabeprazole, 39.2% vs 40.6%, P = 0.578), abdominal discomfort was less frequent in the tegoprazan group than in the rabeprazole group (1.3 vs 4.8%, P = 0.001).ConclusionsTegoprazan‐ and rabeprazole‐based concomitant therapies for H. pylori eradication showed comparable efficacy and overall safety. The effect of tegoprazan on dose increases or other regimens, such as bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy, should be further evaluated, because the efficacy of tegoprazan‐based concomitant therapy may be suboptimal in regions where the clarithromycin resistance rate is high.
Effectiveness of high‐dose esomeprazole or pantoprazole 10‐day sequential therapy empirically prescribed in Helicobacter pylori‐infected naïve patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Pavoni Matteo , Fiorini Giulia , Zullo Angelo , Saracino Ilaria Maria , Gatta Luigi , Manta Raffaele , Imbrogno Andrea , Lazzarotto Tiziana , Borghi Claudio , Vaira Dino 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimHelicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common bacterial infections affecting humans, causing gastroduodenal and extraintestinal diseases. Treatment of the infection remains challenging for the clinicians, and different factors are involved in the failure of the therapeutic approach. The importance of the intensity of acid secretion inhibition remains an unclear issue. The aim of this study is to assess whether 80 mg/day esomeprazole‐based 10‐day sequential therapy (esomeprazole‐ST) achieved different eradication rates when compared to 80 mg/day pantoprazole‐based analogous regimen (pantoprazole‐ST).MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study where data of consecutive patients referred by their physicians to our unit to perform an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 1,327 patients were available for the analysis: 599 and 728 patients received pantoprazole‐ST and esomeprazole‐ST, respectively. Eradication rate was significantly higher in patients receiving esomeprazole‐ST (92.6%, 95% CI: 91–94.5) than pantoprazole‐ST (89.3%, 95% CI: 86.7–91.7; difference: 3.3%; 95% CI: 0.2–6.5; P = 0.037). Even after a multivariate analysis, the esomeprazole‐ST achieved a significantly higher eradiation (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.1–2.17).ConclusionsThis study showed that esomeprazole‐ST achieved significantly higher H. pylori cure rates than pantoprazole‐ST. Prospective and well‐designed trials are demander to confirm this prelaminar finding.
Should the sex of the fetus be considered when administering antenatal corticosteroids to preterm fetuses?
Authors: Şeker Erdal , Kraja Elvis , Çakır Maide Selin , Köstekçi Yasemin Ezgi , Obut Mehmet , Okulu Emel , Erdeve Ömer , Atasay Fatma Begüm , Arsan Saadet , Koç Acar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimWe aimed to determine whether the effect of antenatal corticosteroids (ANS) differs in male and female fetuses without anomalies born before 32 weeks in terms of mortality and short‐term morbidity.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective study included infants born before 32 weeks' gestation and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020.ResultsThe study included 210 infants with a median gestational age of 28.6 weeks (24–31.6), a birth weight of 1065 g (445–2165), and an ANS use rate of 80%. Compared to female fetuses exposed to ANS, male fetuses exposed to ANS had a lower mortality rate (23% and 11%, respectively, p = 0.038), but there were no differences in intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, respiratory distress syndrome, and APGAR scores of 1st and 5th but an increased rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (moderate/severe) (p = 0.008). In addition, the mortality rate was similar in exposed and unexposed female fetuses (p = 0.850). Enzyme activities and steroid levels in the placenta might be different in male and female fetuses, which could explain the results of ANS administration.ConclusionsIn our study, we have shown that ANS has no effect on mortality in female fetuses younger than 32 weeks. Future studies may focus on adjusting the administration of ANS based on fetal sex, altering the dose or taking fetal sex into account when performing ANS.
The anatomy of mastication in a toothless mammal: Morphological characteristics of the temporomandibular joint in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
Authors: Hayashi K. , Nicol S. C. , Sugisaki M. , Amemiya T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a distinguishing feature of mammals, and in most mammals includes an articular disc that buffers the loads placed on it by mastication. The disc is well developed in mammals with significant lateral masticatory jaw movements but is absent in toothless mammals, including extant monotremes, although histological studies of developing monotremes have shown rudimentary discs that fail to mature. Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) grind their food between keratinous pads in the maxillae and lower jaws and are the only edentulate mammals that masticate their food. In this study, we characterize the anatomy of the TMJ of the adult platypus to see if we can reconcile the anatomy, including the absence of the articular disc, with the mandibular movements observed in video recordings. We studied the gross anatomy of the maxillofacial region and the microstructure using microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) and histological examination. Platypuses had well‐developed masticatory muscles but lacked an articular disc between the mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa. The surface of the glenoid fossa was slightly concave than that of the condylar head was correspondingly slightly convex. The pre‐ and postglenoid processes were not well developed. Micro‐CT showed dense trabecular bone in the anterior part of the condyle, where the lateral pterygoid muscle attached. Histological analysis showed that the surfaces of the condyle and glenoid fossa consisted of dense, avascular and thickened fibrous connective tissue. In addition, well‐developed synovial folds were present. These anatomical characteristics are consistent with both anterior and lateral movements of the mandible, while the thick layer of connective tissue substitutes for a disc by absorbing the mechanical stresses associated with mastication. The failure of the disc primordium to develop cannot be attributed to a lack of muscle development, but the distribution of stresses in the toothless platypus jaw is likely to be different from those in a masticating eutherian.
Autonomous post‐disaster indoor navigation and survivor detection using low‐cost micro aerial vehicles
Authors: Tavasoli Sina , Poorghasem Sina , Pan Xiao , Yang T. Y. , Bao Y. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces an innovative autonomous survivor detection pipeline tailored for low‐cost micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) operating in post‐disaster indoor environments. This consists of three main components: (1) a novel pipeline for survivor geotagging, which includes autonomous navigation, mapping, and detection of survivors using thermal images; (2) a navigation strategy to ensure complete thermal scanning coverage for survivor detection using low‐cost commercial grade thermal camera; and (3) robust and accurate survivor detection using YOLOv8x and thermal imaging. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, first, the autonomous navigation algorithm is simulated in Robotic Operating System (ROS) and experimentally validated under different layouts. Second, the YOLOv8x algorithm is pretrained and achieves high accuracy. Finally, a real‐world implementation was conducted with partially covered survivors in a simulated post‐disaster environment. The results demonstrated the proposed pipeline can accurately map the layout of the environment and identify all survivors. This study demonstrates that affordable MAVs with basic thermal cameras can be effectively used to geotag survivors to support rescue missions during post‐disaster events.
Applying up: How ethnographers powered public health changes in the United States during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Schoch‐Spana Monica 
Published: August 2024

Abstract“Studying up” was Laura Nader's provocation to anthropologists to scrutinize the actions of the powerful few in relation to the ordeals of the powerless many. Engaging this lineage, this article describes CommuniVax, a rapid ethnographic research coalition supporting an equitable COVID‐19 vaccine rollout in the United States. By tapping hyperlocal knowledge as well as that held by public health and governmental authorities at higher reaches, the coalition opened the possibility for a more just pandemic response and stronger democratic institutions. The project also broke with prevailing features in the studying up tradition: It operated as a multidisciplinary collective rather than a lone ethnographer, partnered with elites rather than a priori holding them at arm's length, and emphasized pragmatic solutions over scholastic critiques. These departures embody an “applying up” modality, supporting the idea ethnographers have plural strategies for studying actors who exert strong influence over others’ lives.