bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of bis(dicyclohexylammonium) 4-(2-carboxylatophenyl)- 3,5-dimethyl-1,2,6-thiadiazin-2-ide 1,1-dioxide methanol monosolvate, C37H62N4O5S
Authors: Bhatt Nilay , Bhatt Pralav , Govender Thavendran , Kruger Hendrik G. , Maguire Glenn E. M. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract C37H62N4O5S, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 10.6902(4) Å, b = 12.9126(4) Å, c = 15.1755(5) Å, α = 92.277(2)°, β = 104.928(2)°, γ = 111.714(2)°, V = 1859.1 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0380, wRref(F2) = 0.0999, T = 173 K.
Manipulation of supramolecular 2D assembly of functional dyes toward artificial light-harvesting systems
Authors: Ishida Yohei 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn recent years, excellent research has revealed that light-harvesting systems (LHSs) are composed of beautifully aligned chlorophyll molecules; the regulated alignment of chlorophylls is responsible for the efficient and selective light-harvesting energy transfer processes in purple bacteria. This finding led to the construction of a regularly arranged assembly of functional dyes as a step toward fabricating artificial LHSs. While most approaches toward the construction of dye assemblies have depended on molecular interactions such as covalent, coordination, and hydrogen bonds, my approach involves guest–host interactions using an inorganic nanosheet as the host material. This short review presents the construction of a 2D dye assembly and its effective utilization in artificial light-harvesting applications. Owing to the highly stable and uniform 2D alignment of functional dyes on inorganic nanosheets, nearly 100 % singlet–singlet energy transfer and efficient light-harvesting were achieved. I believe that the results presented herein will contribute to the construction of efficient photochemical reaction systems in supramolecular host–guest assemblies, which may facilitate the realization of artificial photosynthesis.
Asset pricing with flexible beliefs
Authors: Axioglou Christos , Skouras Spyros 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe develop a present-value asset pricing model with an econometrically useful representation that accommodates a plethora of stylized assumptions about beliefs. Using 20th century S&P500 data we use our model to compare the empirical fit of belief assumptions associated with rational expectations, asymmetic information, learning, behavioral effects and evolution. Among these, asymmetric information with evolution is particularly useful both in terms of statistical criteria and in terms of ability to explain the equity premium, excess volatility and predictability of returns. Our work suggests that popular relaxations of rationality can easily lead to econometric representations that may be impossible to work with in empirical research. Furthermore, replication of stylized facts may be too weak a requirement when evaluating such models. Fortunately, there exist simple relaxations of rationality that are sufficient to drastically improve the empirical fit of models with full rationality.
Stent-assisted coiling for the treatment of ruptured micro-intracranial wide-necked aneurysms
Authors: Yu Ming , Liu Fangjiu , Jiang Shijie , Nie Bengang 
Published: December 2014

The stent-assisted coil embolization technique has been increasingly used in the clinic, but its efficacy and safety have yet to be assessed. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of stent-assisted coiling in the treatment of micro-intracranial wide-necked aneurysms. Between May 2007 and November 2011, a total of 35 micro-intracranial wide-necked ruptured aneurysms were occluded with Enterprise stent-assisted coils. The patients were followed up for two years. Stent-assisted coiling was performed successfully in all cases, and stent placement was satisfactory without any complications. Of 35 aneurysms, 13 (37.1%) were completely occluded, ten (28.5%) had residual necks, and 12 (34.2%) had residual aneurysms. In the two-year follow-up, no aneurysm rupture occurred and no patients had nerve dysfunction. All patients were reviewed by digital subtraction angiography or computed tomography angiography. One patient had a residual neck (2.8%), and no patients experienced stent restenosis or thromboembolic events. In general, stent-assisted coiling is effective and safe for the treatment of micro-intracranial wide-necked aneurysms.
Changes of electronic properties of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs by surface treatment
Authors: Pletschen W. , Linkohr St. , Kirste L. , Cimalla V. , Müller S. , Himmerlich M. , Krischok S. , Ambacher O. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe impact of device processing and plasma treatments at different plasma conditions on the electronic transport properties of GaN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructures was investigated as well as annealing in nitrogen atmosphere at 425°C. The electrical properties are characterized by Hall-effect measurements while electron spectroscopy and X-ray measurements are used to investigate changes in the surface chemical composition and in the layer structure, respectively. It is demonstrated that these layer structures are quite sensitive even to non-plasma based processing. Furthermore, treatments in SF6 and N2 based plasmas strongly affect the 2DEG properties of the heterostructure due to altering of the surface barrier accompanied by thinning of the layer structure. Depending on the layer structure and the plasma conditions used the electronic properties may be recovered by annealing.
SWNT and MWNT from a Polymeric Electrospun Nanofiber Precursor
Authors: Lennhoff John D. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTCarbon nanotubes (CNT) are expected to revolutionize a range of technologies because of their unique mechanical and electrical properties. Using nanotubes in structural materials holds significant promise due to their extremely high modulus and tensile strength, however their cost, production rate and integration into a fiber form severely limit the current structural application opportunities. The high cost of CNT is tied to their slow, batch synthesis using vapor phase, vacuum processes. We report the investigation of the formation of carbon nanotubes from a polymeric precursor using an electrospinning production process. Electrospinning generates nanofibers at velocities up to 10 m/s from a single nozzle without a vacuum requirement, with the potential to generate CNT appropriate from structural and electrical applications. Our CNT formation concept is based upon Reactive Empirical Bond order calculations that show carbon nanofibers have a thermodynamic preference for the cylindrical graphite conformation. Simulations suggest that for small diameter carbon fibers, less than about 60 nm, the single wall and multi wall nanotubes (SWNT and MWNT) phases are thermodynamically favored relative to an amorphous or planar graphitic nanofiber structure. We have developed a novel process using continuous electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers as precursors to continuous SWNT and MWNT. The process for converting PAN nanofibers to SWNT's and MWNT's follows the process for typical carbon fiber manufacture. The PAN nanofibers, of 10 to 100 nm in diameter, are crosslinked by heating in air and then decomposed to carbon via simple pyrolysis in inert atmosphere. The pyrolyzed carbon nanofibers are then annealed to form the more energetically favorable SWNT or MWNT phase, depending upon the precursor diameter. We will discuss the process and characterization data.
Incarcerated Youths’ Perspectives on Protective Factors and Risk Factors for Juvenile Offending: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Barnert Elizabeth S. , Perry Raymond , Azzi Veronica F. , Shetgiri Rashmi , Ryan Gery , Dudovitz Rebecca , Zima Bonnie , Chung Paul J. 
Published: December 2014

Objectives. We sought to understand incarcerated youths’ perspectives on the role of protective factors and risk factors for juvenile offending. Methods. We performed an in-depth qualitative analysis of interviews (conducted October–December 2013) with 20 incarcerated youths detained in the largest juvenile hall in Los Angeles. Results. The adolescent participants described their homes, schools, and neighborhoods as chaotic and unsafe. They expressed a need for love and attention, discipline and control, and role models and perspective. Youths perceived that when home or school failed to meet these needs, they spent more time on the streets, leading to incarceration. They contrasted the path through school with the path to jail, reporting that the path to jail felt easier. All of them expressed the insight that they had made bad decisions and that the more difficult path was not only better but also still potentially achievable. Conclusions. Breaking cycles of juvenile incarceration will require that the public health community partner with legislators, educators, community leaders, and youths to determine how to make success, rather than incarceration, the easier path for disadvantaged adolescents.
Public Health, Science, and Policy Debate: Being Right Is Not Enough
Authors: Camargo Kenneth , Grant Roy 
Published: December 2014

Public health is usually enacted through public policies, necessitating that the public engage in debates that, ideally, are grounded in solid scientific findings. Mistrust in science, however, has compromised the possibility of deriving sound policy from such debates, partially owing to justified concerns regarding undue interference and even outright manipulation by commercial interests. This situation has generated problematic impasses, one of which is the emergence of an anti-vaccination movement that is already affecting public health, with a resurgence in the United States of preventable diseases thought to have been eradicated. Drawing on British sociologist Harry Collins’ work on expertise, we propose a theoretical framework in which the paralyzing, undue public distrust of science can be analyzed and, it is hoped, overcome.
Applying GPR and Laser Scanner Techniques to Monitor the Ossoue Glacier (Pyrenees)
Authors: del Río Mariano , Rico Ibai , Serrano Enrique , Tejado Juan J 
Published: December 2014

The Ossoue glacier in the Vignemale massif (3,298 m) is currently the longest and second largest of the Pyrenees (1,400-m length, 50-ha area), and the only one presenting glacier tongue morphology. We describe 50 MHz ground penetrating radar (GPR) and laser scanner surveys from which we assess the current state and dynamics of the glacier. In 2011, nearly 1,900 m of GPR profiles over the upper half of Ossoue glacier yielded up to 45 m of depth, an average value of 30 m thickness of the subglacial layer, and internal structure and layering. We compare the results with those from a study in 2006 of the same glacier, showing similar bedrock morphology with slightly less overall ice thickness than in 2011. Laser scanner surveys at the snout showed thinning rates of 3.32 m between 2010 and 2011, 4.15 m between 2011 and 2012, and an average loss of 7.47 m between 2010 and 2012. Present-day changes in Ossoue glacier are characterized by extensive thinning caused by melting and collapse of the ice mass. If these thinning rates are maintained, Ossoue glacier will vanish within 35 yr.
Lakeview Hotel Investment Corp.
Authors: Pries Fred , Scott Sandra 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
Lakeview Hotel Investment Corp. (LHIC) is a publicly traded owner and operator of hotel properties located primarily within smaller centers in western Canada. The case provides students with the opportunity to develop research and analytical skills by investigating related party disclosures found within LHIC's financial statements. Students are asked to identify related parties and analyze the transactions between LHIC and its related parties. They are then directed to comment on the underlying value of the transactions. This case illustrates both how much can be learned by careful reading and analysis of related party transaction disclosures and also how many questions about related party transactions remain unanswered based on the information contained in financial statements. Although all information used in the case is publicly available, the degree of difficulty can be adjusted for use within undergraduate and graduate courses by varying the amount of information provided to students. This case is suitable for intermediate financial accounting, accounting theory, and financial statement analysis courses.
Assessment of Self-Heating Susceptibility of Indian Coal Seams – A Neural Network Approach
Authors: Panigrahi D.C. , Ray S.K. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The paper addresses an electro-chemical method called wet oxidation potential technique for determining the susceptibility of coal to spontaneous combustion. Altogether 78 coal samples collected from thirteen different mining companies spreading over most of the Indian Coalfields have been used for this experimental investigation and 936 experiments have been carried out by varying different experimental conditions to standardize this method for wider application. Thus for a particular sample 12 experiments of wet oxidation potential method were carried out. The results of wet oxidation potential (WOP) method have been correlated with the intrinsic properties of coal by carrying out proximate, ultimate and petrographic analyses of the coal samples. Correlation studies have been carried out with Design Expert 7.0.0 software. Further, artificial neural network (ANN) analysis was performed to ensure best combination of experimental conditions to be used for obtaining optimum results in this method.
All the above mentioned analysis clearly spelt out that the experimental conditions should be 0.2 N KMnO4 solution with 1 N KOH at 45°C to achieve optimum results for finding out the susceptibility of coal to spontaneous combustion. The results have been validated with Crossing Point Temperature (CPT) data which is widely used in Indian mining scenario.
Time dependence of the luminescence intensity in CdBr2: AgCl,PbBr2 crystals under N2-laser excitation at room temperature
Authors: Bolesta I. , Kalivoshka B. , Karbovnyk I. , Lesivtsiv V. , Novosad I. , Novosad S. , Rovetskyy I. , Velgosh S. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Results of optical-luminescence studies of polydoped photochromic CdBr2: AgCl,PbBr2 crystals are presented. It is shown that the luminescence decrease vs. time under N2-laser excitation in the range of A-band of Pb2+ absorption is due to photochemical reactions. The empirical model describing the decrease of the luminescence related to silver impurities due to photochemical processes is suggested. Model parameters (trapping cross-section — σ — and the amount of centres destroyed by irradiation — β) were determined using the comparative analysis of experimental and calculated luminescence decay curves.
Synthesis, effect of γ-ray and electrical conductivity of uranium doped nano LiMn2O4 spinels for applications as positive electrodes in Li-ion rechargeable batteries
Authors: El-Metwaly Fouad , Abou-Sekkina Morsi , Saad Fawaz , Khedr Abdalla 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
LiMn2O4 is an attractive candidate cathode material for Li-ion rechargeable batteries, but it suffers from severe capacity fading, especially at higher temperature (55 °C) during charging/discharging processes. Recently, many attempts have been made to synthesize modified LiMn2O4. In this work, a new study on the synthesis of pure and U4+-doped nano lithium manganese oxide [LiMn2−x
UxO4, (x = 0:00, 0.01, 0.03)] via solid-state method was introduced. The synthesized LiMn1:97U0:03O4 was irradiated by γ-radiation (10 and 30 kGy). The green samples and the resulting spinel products were characterized using thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. XRD and SEM studies revealed nano-sized particles in all prepared samples. Direct-current (DC) electrical conductivity measurements indicated that these samples are semiconductors and the activation energies decrease with increasing rare-earth U4+ content and γ-irradiation. ΔEa equals to 0.304 eV for LiMn1:99U0:01O4, ΔEa is 0.282 eV for LiMn1:97U0:03O4 and decreases to ΔEa = 0:262 eV for γ-irradiated LiMn1:97U0:03O4 nano spinel. The data obtained for the investigated samples increase their attractiveness in modern electronic technology.
Thermal evolution of the morphology of Ni/Ge(111)-c(2 × 8) surface
Authors: Tomaszewska Agnieszka , Li Jhen-Hao , Huang Xiao-Lan , Fu Tsu-Yi 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The thermal evolution of the interface formed by room temperature (RT) deposition of Ni atoms (coverage 0.1, 0.5, 1.2 ML) onto a Ge(111)-c(2 × 8) surface has been studied with the use of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Atomically resolved STM images revealed that, at RT, the boundaries between the different c(2 × 8) domains acted as nucleation sites for Ni atoms. After annealing the surface with deposited material at 473 to 673 K the formation of nano-sized islands of NixGey compounds was observed. In addition, the occurrence of ring-like structures was recorded. Based on the dual-polarity images the latter were assigned to Ni atoms adsorbed on Ge adatoms.
Preparation and microstructural characterization of Si(100) Ce1−x
GdxO2−δ
thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique
Authors: Nagaraju P. , Vijayakumar Y. , Phase D. , Reddy V. , Ramana Reddy M. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Microstructural properties of Ce1-x
GdxO2-δ (x = 0 to 0.3) thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique were studied. The thin films were deposited on Si(100) substrate at a substrate temperature of 973 K at the oxygen partial pressure of 0.2 Pa using KrF excimer laser with energy of 220 mJ. The prepared thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the polycrystalline nature of the thin films. Crystallite size, strain and dislocation density were calculated. The Raman studies revealed the formation of Ce-O with the systematic variation of peak intensity and full width half maxima depending on concentration of gadolinium dopant. The thickness of the films was estimated using Talystep profiler. The surface roughness was estiamted based on AFM.
Combustion synthesis process for the rapid preparation of high-purity SrO powders
Authors: Granados-Correa Francisco , Bonifacio-Martínez Juan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A rapid, safe and simple technique for the production of high purity strontium oxide powders via a chemical combustion process is reported. The combustion reactions were performed to optimize the fuel to oxidizer ratios in the reaction mixtures required to obtain pure SrO powders by varying the molar ratio of chemical precursors and the temperature. The synthesized powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and N2-physisorption measurements. The results indicate that crystalline SrO was obtained using a 1:1 strontium nitrate: urea molar ratio at 1000 °C after 5 minutes. In addition, high-purity, homogeneous and crystalline SrO powders were easily produced in a short time via a chemical combustion process.
Factors influencing preparation of polyaniline doped with hydrochloric acid
Authors: Chuanyu Sun , Yu Wang 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Factors influencing the reaction of chemical polymerization during aniline doping with hydrochloric acid (HCl) have been studied in this work. The optimal parameters for the preparation of polyaniline were determined as follows: aniline concentration - 4 mass %, molar ratios of oxidant (NH4)2S2O8:aniline - 1.2:1 and 1.3:1, the concentration of dopant - 1 mol/L. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was applied to characterize the structure of polyaniline.
Green synthesis and characterization of cuprous oxide nanoparticles in presence of a bio-surfactant
Authors: Behera M. , Giri G. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Herein, we report a facile green synthesis of Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs) using copper sulfate as precursor salt and hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent in presence of bio-surfactant (i.e. leaves extract of arka — a perennial shrub) at 60 to 70 °C in an aqueous medium. A broad band centered at 460 nm in absorption spectrum reveals the formation of surfactant stabilized Cu2O NPs. X-ray diffraction pattern of the surfactant stabilized NPs suggests the formation of only Cu2O phase in assistance of a bio-surfactant with the crystallite size of ∼8 nm. A negative zeta potential of −12 mV at 8.0 pH in surfactant stabilized Cu2O NPs hints non-bonding electron transfer from O-atom of saponin to the surface of NP. Red-shift in the vibrational band (Cu-O stretching) of Cu2O from 637 cm−1 to 640 cm−1 in presence of bio-surfactant suggests an interfacial interaction between NPs and O-atoms of -OH groups of saponin present in the plant (i.e. Calotropis gigantean) extract. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra, a decrease in binding energy of both 2p3/2 and 2p1/2 bands in Cu2O with saponin molecules as compared to bulk Cu atom reveals a charge transfer interaction between NP and saponin surfactant molecules. Transmission electron microscopy images show crystalline nature of Cu2O NPs with an fcc lattice.
Investigation of (n,γ) reaction in hybrid reactor zones
Authors: Günay M. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this study, the fluids were composed with increased mole fractions of a mixture of molten salt: heavy metals 99 – 95 % Li20Sn80−1 – 5 % SFG-Pu, 99 – 95 % Li20Sn80−1 – 5 % SFG-PuF4, 99 – 95 % Li20Sn80−1 – 5 % SFG-PuO2. In this study, the effect on conversion of each isotope (238–242Pu) in spent fuel grade plutonium by (n,γ) reactions was investigated in liquid first wall, blanket and shield zones of the designed hybrid reactor system. Beryllium (Be) is the neutron multiplier by (n,2n) reactions. The Be zone used was 3 cm thick. 9Cr2WVT, a ferritic steel, is used as structural material. Three-dimensional nucleonic calculations were performed by using the most recent versions of the MCNPX-2.7.0 Monte Carlo code and the nuclear data library ENDF/B-VII.0.
A study on empirical systematic for the (d,n) reaction cross sections at 8.6 MeV
Authors: Yiğit M. , Tel E. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Recently, many formalizations have been developed to explain some reaction mechanisms such as neutron or proton induced reactions. In this study, (d, n) reaction mechanism was investigated developing the cross-section systematic formula. The (d, n) cross sections at 8.6 MeV deuteron energy have been calculated using these formula for some target nuclei (A = 10∼123). The cross sections calculated are important for the development of fusion reactor technology. Obtained calculation results from the formula have been also compared and discussed with results calculated by the codes ALICE/ASH (equilibrium and pre-equilibrium theories) and TENDL-2012 (Talys-based), and with results of available experimental values. It is shown, that the suggested empirical equation at the 8.6 MeV deuteron energy works very well for a quick estimation of (d, n) nuclear cross sections.