bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Darcy natural convection flow for non-Newtonian nanofluid over cone saturated in porous medium with uniform heat and volume fraction fluxes
Authors: Chamkha A , Abbasbandy S , Rashad A.M. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of uniform lateral mass flux on non-Darcy natural convection of non-Newtonian fluid along a vertical cone embedded in a porous medium filled with a nanofluid.

Design/methodology/approach
– The resulting governing equations are non-dimensionalized and transformed into a non-similar form and then solved numerically by Keller box finite-difference method.

Findings
– A comparison with previously published works is performed and excellent agreement is obtained.

Research limitations/implications
– The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. It is assumed that the cone surface is preamble for possible nanofluid wall suction/injection, under the condition of uniform heat and nanoparticles volume fraction fluxes.

Originality/value
– The effects of nanofluid parameters, Ergun number, surface mass flux and viscosity index are investigated on the velocity, temperature, and volume fraction profiles as well as the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers.
Patterns of trophic niche divergence between invasive and native fishes in wild communities are predictable from mesocosm studies
Authors: Tran Thi Nhat Quyen , Jackson Michelle C. , Sheath Danny , Verreycken Hugo , Britton J. Robert 
Published: March 2015

Summary

Ecological theory attempts to predict how impacts for native species arise from biological invasions. A fundamental question centres on the feeding interactions of invasive and native species: whether invasion will result in increased interspecific competition, which would result in negative consequences for the competing species, or trophic niche divergence, which would facilitate the invader's integration into the community and their coexistence with native species.

Here, the feeding interactions of a highly invasive fish, topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva, with three native and functionally similar fishes were studied to determine whether patterns of either niche overlap or divergence detected in mesocosm experiments were apparent between the species at larger spatial scales. Using stable isotope analysis, their feeding relationships were assessed initially in the mesocosms (1000 L) and then in small ponds (<400 m2) and large ponds (>600 m2).

In the mesocosms, a consistent pattern of trophic niche divergence was evident between the sympatric fishes, with niches shifting further apart in isotopic space than suggested in allopatry, revealing that sharing of food resources was limited. Sympatric P. parva also had a smaller niche than their allopatric populations.

In eight small ponds where P. parva had coexisted for several years with at least one of the fish species used in the mesocosms, strong patterns of niche differentiation were also apparent, with P. parva always at a lower trophic position than the other fishes, as also occurred in the mesocosms. Where these fishes were sympatric within more complex fish communities in the large ponds, similar patterns were also apparent, with strong evidence of trophic niche differentiation.

Aspects of the ecological impacts of P. parva invasion for native communities in larger ponds were consistent with those in the mesocosm experiments. Their invasion resulted in divergence in trophic niches, partly due to their reduced niche widths when in sympatry with other species, facilitating their coexistence in invaded ecosystems. Our study highlights the utility of controlled mesocosm studies for predicting the trophic relationships that can develop from introductions of non‐native species into more complex ecosystems and at larger spatial scales.
Population differentiation determined from putative neutral and divergent adaptive genetic markers in Eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus, Osmeridae), an anadromous Pacific smelt
Authors: Candy John R. , Campbell Nathan R. , Grinnell Matthew H. , Beacham Terry D. , Larson Wesley A. , Narum Shawn R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTwelve eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus, Osmeridae) populations ranging from Cook Inlet, Alaska and along the west coast of North America to the Columbia River were examined by restriction‐site‐associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to elucidate patterns of neutral and adaptive variation in this high geneflow species. A total of 4104 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were discovered across the genome, with 193 putatively adaptive SNPs as determined by FST outlier tests. Estimates of population structure in eulachon with the putatively adaptive SNPs were similar, but provided greater resolution of stocks compared with a putatively neutral panel of 3911 SNPs or previous estimates with 14 microsatellites. A cline of increasing measures of genetic diversity from south to north was found in the adaptive panel, but not in the neutral markers (SNPs or microsatellites). This may indicate divergent selective pressures in differing freshwater and marine environments between regional eulachon populations and that these adaptive diversity patterns not seen with neutral markers could be a consideration when determining genetic boundaries for conservation purposes. Estimates of effective population size (Ne) were similar with the neutral SNP panel and microsatellites and may be utilized to monitor population status for eulachon where census sizes are difficult to obtain. Greater differentiation with the panel of putatively adaptive SNPs provided higher individual assignment accuracy compared to the neutral panel or microsatellites for stock identification purposes. This study presents the first SNPs that have been developed for eulachon, and analyses with these markers highlighted the importance of integrating genome‐wide neutral and adaptive genetic variation for the applications of conservation and management.
Types and Characteristics of Volcanostratigraphic Boundaries and Their Oil‐Gas Reservoir Significance
Authors: Huafeng TANG , Phiri CRYTON , Youfeng GAO , Yulong HUANG , Weihua BIAN 
Published: March 2015

AbstractJust like in sedimentary stratigraphy, the volcanostratigraphic boundary is an important factor for constructing volcanostratigraphic framework. The fundamental factor of volcanostratigraphic boundaries is to classify the types and define their characteristics. Based on field investigation and cross‐wells section analysis of Mesozoic volcanostratigraphy in NE China, 5 types of volcanostratigraphic boundaries have been recognized, namely eruptive conformity boundary (ECB), eruptive unconformity boundary (EUB), eruptive interval unconformity boundary (EIUB), tectonic unconformity boundary (TUB) and intrusive contacts boundary (ICB). Except ICB, the unconformity boundaries can be divided into angular unconformity and paraconformity. The time spans and signs of these boundaries are analyzed by using age data of some volcanic fields that have been published. The time spans of ECB and EUB are from several minutes to years. In lava flows, cooling crust is distributed above and below ECB and EUB; in pyroclastic flows, airfalls and lahars, a fine layer below these boundaries has no discernable erosion at every part of the boundary. EUB may be curved or cross curved and jagged. The scale of ECB/EUB is dependent on the scale of lava flow or pyroclastic flows. The time span of EIUB is from decades to thousands of years. There is also weathered crust under EIUB and sedimentary rock beds overlie EIUB. In most instances, weathered crust and thin sedimentary beds are associated with each other laterally. The boundary is a smooth curved plane. The scale of EIUB is dependent on the scale of the volcano or volcano groups. The characteristics of TUB are similar to EIUB's. The time interval of TUB is from tens of thousands to millions of years. The scale of TUB depends on the scale of the basin or volcanic field. Both the lab data and logging data of wells in the Songliao Basin reveal that the porosity is greatly related to the boundaries in the lava flows. There is a high‐porosity belt below ECB, EUB or EIUB, and the porosity decreases when it is apart from the boundary. The high‐porosity belt below ECB and EUB is mainly contributed by primary porosity, such as vesicles. The high‐porosity belt below EIUB is mainly contributed by primary and secondary porosity, such as association of vesicles and spongy pores, so the area near the boundary in lava flows is a very important target for reservoirs.
A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Copper Deposits in China
Authors: Lijuan YING , Yuchuan CHEN , Denghong WANG , Juxing TANG , Zhenghui CHEN , Chenghui WANG 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCopper resources in China are rich, but imported copper products are still required. Researches on metallogenic regularity of major types of copper deposits by geologists have involved in worldwide classification, significant copper belts, representative copper deposits, etc. Studies on metallogenic regularity of copper deposits in China also have made achievements with a long‐term work. Combined with latest exploration advances obtained in recent ten years, this review aims to conclude the achievements of researches on copper metallogenic regularity in China. Based on data of 814 copper deposits and other ore (mineralized) occurrences, ten prediction types of copper deposits have been suggested. Porphyry and skarn copper ores are taken as the key targets. Porphyry copper deposits are the most important one which concentrate in Gangdese, Changdu‐Sanjiang, Dexing and East Tianshan. The Cenozoic and Mesozoic are the major metallogenic epochs. Four main metallogenic epochs are been studied based on the copper ore geochronological data including Precambrian Era (Archean and Proterozoic), Paleozoic Era, Mesozoic Era and Cenozoic Era. Based on the study of metallogenic series of ore deposits in China, twenty‐seven metallogenic series of copper deposits are proposed. This is suggested to deepen the study of metallogenic regularity of copper ore and provide the theory guide for copper resources prediction in China.
Incentive Contracts, Market Risk, and Cost of Capital
Authors: Bertomeu Jeremy 
Published: March 2015

AbstractShould incentive contracts expose the agent to market‐wide shocks? Counterintuitively, I show that market risk cannot be filtered out from the compensation and managed independently by the agent. Under plausible risk preferences, the principal should offer a contract in which performance pay increases following a favorable market shock. In the aggregate, however, the effect of market risk on individual contracts diversifies away and the agency problem does not directly affect the cost of capital. The analysis suggests caution in interpreting changes in cost of capital in terms of the stewardship role of accounting information.
Veno‐venous extracorporeal CO2 removal improves pulmonary hemodynamics in a porcine ARDS model
Authors: MORIMONT P. , GUIOT J. , DESAIVE T. , TCHANA‐SATO V. , JANSSEN N. , CAGNINA A. , HELLA D. , BLAFFART F. , DEFRAIGNE J.‐O. , LAMBERMONT B. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundProtective lung ventilation is recommended in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to minimize additional injuries to the lung. However, hypercapnic acidosis resulting from ventilation at lower tidal volume enhances pulmonary hypertension and might induce right ventricular (RV) failure. We investigated if extracorporeal veno‐venous CO2 removal therapy could have beneficial effects on pulmonary circulation and RV function.MethodsThis study was performed on an experimental model of ARDS obtained in eight anaesthetized pigs connected to a volume‐cycled ventilator. A micromanometer‐tipped catheter was inserted into the main pulmonary artery and an admittance micromanometer‐tipped catheter was inserted into the right ventricle. RV–arterial coupling was derived from RV pressure‐volume loops. ARDS was obtained by repeated bronchoalveolar lavage. Protective ventilation was then achieved, and the pigs were connected to a pump‐driven extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (PALP, Maquet, Germany) in order to achieve CO2 removal.ResultsARDS induced severe hypercapnic acidosis. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure significantly increased from 29.6 ± 1.8 to 43.9 ± 2.0 mmHg (P < 0.001). After the PALP was started, acidosis was corrected and normocarbia was maintained despite protective ventilation. Pulmonary artery pressure significantly decreased to 31.6 ± 3.2 mmHg (P < 0.001) and RV–arterial coupling significantly improved (RV–arterial coupling index = 1.03 ± 0.33 vs. 0.55 ± 0.41, P < 0.05).ConclusionVeno‐venous CO2 removal therapy enabled protective ventilation while maintaining normocarbia during ARDS. CO2 removal decreased pulmonary hypertension and improved RV function. This technique may be an effective lung‐ and RV‐protective adjunct to mechanical ventilation.
Who are with us: MOOC learners on a FutureLearn course
Authors: Liyanagunawardena Tharindu Rekha , Lundqvist Karsten Øster , Williams Shirley Ann 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMassive open online courses (MOOCs) attract learners with a variety of backgrounds. Engaging them using game development was trialled in a beginner's programming course, “Begin programming: build your first mobile game,” on FutureLearn platform. The course has completed two iterations: first in autumn 2013 and second in spring 2014 with thousands of participants. This paper explores the characteristics of learner groups attracted by these two consecutive runs of the course and their perceptions of the course using pre‐ and post‐course surveys. Recommendations for practitioners are offered, including when the audience is different to the one expected. A MOOC is unlikely to please everyone, especially with such large cohorts. Nevertheless, this course, using game development as a vehicle to teach programming, seems to have offered a balanced learning experience to a diverse group of learners. However, MOOC creators and facilitators should accept that a course cannot be made to please everyone and try to communicate clearly who the intended audience for the course are.
A systematic review of the emotional, behavioural and cognitive features exhibited by school‐aged children experiencing neglect or emotional abuse
Authors: Maguire S. A. , Williams B. , Naughton A. M. , Cowley L. E. , Tempest V. , Mann M. K. , Teague M. , Kemp A. M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundInterventions to minimize the long‐term consequences of neglect or emotional abuse rely on prompt identification of these children. This systematic review of world literature (1947–2012) identifies features that children aged 5–14 years experiencing neglect or emotional abuse, as opposed to physical or sexual abuse, may exhibit.MethodsSearching 18 databases, utilizing over 100 keywords, supplemented by hand searching, 13,210 articles were identified and 111 underwent full critical appraisal by two independent trained reviewers.ResultsThe 30 included studies highlighted behavioural features (15 studies), externalizing features being the most prominent (8/9 studies) and internalizing features noted in 4/6 studies. Four studies identified attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) associated features: impulsivity, inattention or hyperactivity. Child difficulties in initiating or developing friendships were noted in seven studies. Of 13 studies addressing emotional well‐being, three highlighted low self‐esteem, with a perception of external control (1), or depression (6) including suicidality (1). A negative internal working model of the mother increased the likelihood of depression (1). In assessing cognition or academic performance, lower general intelligence (3/4) and reduced literacy and numeracy (2) were reported, but no observable effect on memory (3).ConclusionsSchool‐aged children presenting with poor academic performance, ADHD symptomatology or abnormal behaviours warrant assessment of neglect or emotional abuse as a potential underlying cause.
Caregiving and 5‐HTTLPR Genotype Predict Adolescent Physiological Stress Reactivity: Confirmatory Tests of Gene × Environment Interactions
Authors: Sumner Jennifer A. , McLaughlin Katie A. , Walsh Kate , Sheridan Margaret A. , Koenen Karestan C. 
Published: March 2015

A theory‐driven confirmatory approach comparing diathesis–stress and differential susceptibility models of Gene × Environment (G × E) interactions was applied to examine whether 5‐HTTLPR genotype moderated the effect of early maternal caregiving on autonomic nervous system (ANS) stress reactivity in 113 adolescents aged 13–17 years. Findings supported a differential susceptibility, rather than diathesis–stress, framework. Carriers of one or more 5‐HTTLPR short alleles (SS/SL carriers) reporting higher quality caregiving exhibited approach ANS responses to a speech task, whereas those reporting lower quality caregiving exhibited withdrawal ANS responses. Carriers of two 5‐HTTLPR long alleles (LL carriers) were unaffected by caregiving. Findings suggest that 5‐HTTLPR genotype and early caregiving in interaction are associated with ANS stress reactivity in adolescents in a “for better and for worse” fashion, and they demonstrate the promise of confirmatory methods for testing G × E interactions.
Inflammation but not obesity or insulin resistance is associated with increased plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 concentration in the elderly
Authors: Holecki Michał , Chudek Jerzy , Owczarek Aleksander , Olszanecka‐Glinianowicz Magdalena , Bożentowicz‐Wikarek Maria , Duława Jan , Mossakowska Małgorzata , Zdrojewski Tomasz , Skalska Anna , Więcek Andrzej 
Published: March 2015

SummaryBackgroundFibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a hormone involved in calcium–phosphate homoeostasis. The data of recently published studies suggest that FGF‐23 may also play a role in some metabolic processes beyond mineral metabolism, such as insulin resistance or energy homoeostasis. The aim of the study was to attempt the relationships between plasma cFGF‐23 (C‐terminal) and iFGF‐23 (intact) concentrations and the occurrence of obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation in elderly population.Materials and methodsThe analysis included 3115 elderly subjects (1485 women). During three visits, a questionnaire survey, comprehensive geriatric assessment and anthropometric measurements were performed as well as blood and urine samples were collected by trained nurses. Serum phosphorus, calcium, intact parathormone (iPTH), 25(OH)D3, iFGF‐23 and cFGF‐23, insulin, glucose, albumin (also in urine), creatinine, hs‐CRP, interleukin‐6 and NT‐proBNP concentrations were assessed. HOMA‐IR was calculated according to the standard formula.ResultsBoth forms of FGF23, iPTH and 25‐OH‐D3 levels were not related to the occurrence of obesity and insulin resistance. Increase in phosphorus, iPTH and NT‐proBNP concentrations is associated with rise in plasma iFGF23 and cFGF23 levels. Additionally, increase in hs‐CRP explained the elevated plasma iFGF23 levels.In multiple regression models, circulating iFGF23 and cFGF23 level's variability in elderly population were explained by changes in serum phosphorus, iPTH, eGFR, hs‐CRP and NT‐proBNP levels but not by BMI and HOMA‐IR values.ConclusionIn conclusion, our study shows that increased levels of both circulating Fibroblast growth factor 23 forms in elderly subjects are associated with inflammation but not obesity or insulin resistance per se.
Impact of Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation on Accuracy of Echocardiographic Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure Estimation
Authors: Özpelit Ebru , Akdeniz Bahri , Özpelit Emre Mehmet , Tas Sedat , Alpaslan Erkan , Bozkurt Selen , Arslan Abdulla , Badak Özer 
Published: March 2015

IntroductionTransthoracic Doppler echocardiography (DE) is recommended for screening and monitorization of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, some recent studies have suggested that Doppler echocardiographic pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) estimates may frequently be inaccurate. Some hemodynamic and echocardiographic factors are known to contribute to discordant results. The aim of this study was to determine whether severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) has any impact on true estimation of PASP by DE.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively identified all PAH patients who underwent right heart catheterization (RHC) and had an echocardiogram within the same hospitalization period. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of severe TR: Group 1 consisted of 36 patients with mild–moderate TR and group 2 of 36 patients with severe TR. For these two groups, the agreement between echocardiographic and catheterization PASP measurements was evaluated by Bland–Altman analysis, separately.ResultsIn group 1, the bias for the echocardiographic estimates of the PASP was 2.5 mmHg and 62.5% of the echocardiographic estimates were accurate (≤10 mmHg difference with RHC measurement). In group 2, the bias was 16.25 mmHg and echocardiography was accurate in 37.5% of the patients. To clarify the association between PASP overestimation on DE and the presence of severe TR, regression analysis was performed. Severe TR was found as the only independent predictor of PASP overestimation on echocardiography after multivariate analysis.ConclusionThe results of the study show that in patients with PAH, the presence of severe TR is associated with an overestimated PASP measurement on echocardiography.
Relationship between Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness and Atrial Electromechanical Delay in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Akyel Ahmet , Yayla Kadriye G. , Erat Mehmet , Sunman Hamza , Doğan Mehmet , Çimen Tolga , Aytürk Mehmet , Yeter Ekrem 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesEpicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and atrial electromechanical delay (AEMD) have been shown to be closely linked with atrial fibrillation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between EAT and AEMD.MethodsNinety‐six patients were included in this study. Echocardiographic measurements were performed, and laboratory parameters were recorded. Patients were divided into two groups according to their inter‐AEMD values. Patients with an inter‐AEMD value of <42.6 msec formed group 1 and patients with an inter‐AEMD value of ≥42.6 msec formed group 2.ResultsThe EAT thickness (3.7 ± 1.2 vs. 5.0 ± 1.6, P < 0.001) and LAVI (20.4 ± 2.9 vs. 24.5 ± 6.7, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in group 2. There was a significant positive correlation between AEMD parameters with EAT and LAVI. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, EAT (OR: 1.505; 95% CI: 1.056–2.143, P = 0.023) and LAVI (OR: 1.140; 95% CI: 1.018–1.277, P = 0.023) were found as independent predictors of prolonged AEMD.ConclusionsWe found that EAT thickness was closely related with AEMD, and we also found that EAT and LAVI were independent predictors of prolonged AEMD. These findings may be helpful to explain some pathogenic mechanisms in the development of AF.