bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Sampling Errors on the EnKF Assimilation of Inner-Core Hurricane Observations
Authors: Poterjoy Jonathan , Zhang Fuqing , Weng Yonghui 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Atmospheric data assimilation methods that estimate flow-dependent forecast statistics from ensembles are sensitive to sampling errors. This sensitivity is investigated in the context of vortex-scale hurricane data assimilation by cycling an ensemble Kalman filter to assimilate observations with a convection-permitting mesoscale model. In a set of numerical experiments, airborne Doppler radar observations are assimilated for Hurricane Katrina (2005) using an ensemble size that ranges from 30 to 300 members, and a varying degree of covariance inflation through relaxation to the prior. The range of ensemble sizes is shown to produce variations in posterior storm structure that persist for days in deterministic forecasts, with the most substantial differences appearing in the vortex outer-core wind and pressure fields. Ensembles with 60 or more members converge toward similar axisymmetric and asymmetric inner-core solutions by the end of the cycling, while producing qualitatively similar sample correlations between the state variables. Though covariance relaxation has little impact on model variables far from the observations, the structure of the inner-core vortex can benefit from a more optimal tuning of the relaxation coefficient. Results from this study provide insight into how sampling errors may affect the performance of an ensemble hurricane data assimilation system during cycling.
A nurse-led randomised controlled trial of a structured educational programme for patients starting warfarin therapy
Authors: Moss RC , Lowe GC , Frampton CA , Revell P 
Published: January 2014

Aim To investigate the effect of a randomised controlled trial of a nurse-led structured educational programme compared to standard care on patient knowledge when starting anticoagulant therapy with warfarin. Methods 45 patients commencing warfarin during an inpatient admission were randomised into either a control group receiving ‘usual’ care, or an experimental group with structured counselling and provision of an educational video. Identical questionnaires assessing knowledge of anticoagulation therapy were applied at discharge and again 3 months later. Results Patients receiving a structured educational approach had significantly better knowledge about their therapy both at hospital discharge and at 3 months post discharge ( p = <0.001 and p = 0.038 respectively). Secondary outcomes measured also showed a higher level of patient satisfaction ( p = 0.017) and time in target INR range (56.7% versus 48.1%) in the educational arm. Conclusions A formal and structured nurse-led educational package at the initiation of anticoagulant treatment with warfarin treatment improves patient knowledge.
Unbiased RNAi screen for hepcidin regulators links hepcidin suppression to proliferative Ras/RAF and nutrient-dependent mTOR signaling
Authors: Mleczko-Sanecka Katarzyna , Roche Franziska , Rita da Silva Ana , Call Debora , D’Alessio Flavia , Ragab Anan , Lapinski Philip E. , Ummanni Ramesh , Korf Ulrike , Oakes Christopher , Damm Georg , D’Alessandro Lorenza A. , Klingmüller Ursula , King Philip D. , Boutros Michael , Hentze Matthias W. , Muckenthaler Martina U. 
Published: January 2014

Key PointsGenome-wide RNAi screen provides the first comprehensive list of putative hepatic hepcidin regulators. Hepcidin suppression is linked to the control of mitogen stimulation and nutrient status via components of Ras/RAF MAPK and mTOR signaling.
How I treat target-specific oral anticoagulant–associated bleeding
Authors: Siegal Deborah M. , Garcia David A. , Crowther Mark A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTarget-specific oral anticoagulants (TSOACs) that directly inhibit thrombin (dabigatran) or factor Xa (rivaroxaban, apixaban) are effective and safe alternatives to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). Although these agents have practical advantages compared with VKAs and LMWH, there are no antidotes that reverse their anticoagulant effect. Clinical evidence for the efficacy of nonspecific therapies that promote formation of fibrin (prothrombin complex concentrate [PCC], activated PCC [aPCC], and recombinant factor VIIa) in the setting of TSOAC-associated bleeding is lacking, and these prohemostatic products are associated with a risk of thrombosis. In the absence of specific antidotes, addition of PCC or aPCC to maximum supportive therapy may be reasonable for patients with severe or life-threatening TSOAC-associated bleeding. Targeted antidotes for these agents are in development.
Dominant negative connexin26 mutation R75W causing severe hearing loss influences normal programmed cell death in postnatal organ of Corti
Authors: Inoshita Ayako , Karasawa Keiko , Funakubo Megumi , Miwa Asuka , Ikeda Katsuhisa , Kamiya Kazusaku 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe greater epithelial ridge (GER) is a developmental structure in the maturation of the organ of Corti. Situated near the inner hair cells of neonatal mice, the GER undergoes a wave of apoptosis after postnatal day 8 (P8). We evaluated the GER from P8 to P12 in transgenic mice that carry the R75W + mutation, a dominant-negative mutation of humangap junction protein, beta 2, 26 kDa(GJB2) (also known asconnexin 26orCX26). Cx26 facilitate intercellular communication within the mammalian auditory organ.ResultsIn both non-transgenic (non-Tg) and R75W + mice, some GER cells exhibited apoptotic characteristics at P8. In the GER of non-Tg mice, both the total number of cells and the number of apoptotic cells decreased from P8 to P12. In contrast, apoptotic cells were still clearly evident in the GER of R75W + mice at P12. In R75W + mice, therefore, apoptosis in the GER persisted until a later stage of cochlear development. In addition, the GER of R75W + mice exhibited morphological signs of retention, which may have resulted from diminished levels of apoptosis and/or promotion of cell proliferation during embryogenesis and early postnatal stages of development.ConclusionsHere we demonstrate that Cx26 dysfunction is associated with delayed apoptosis of GER cells and GER retention. This is the first demonstration that Cx26 may regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis during development of the cochlea.
Specific gene-regulation networks during the pre-implantation development of the pig embryo as revealed by deep sequencing
Authors: Cao Suying , Han Jianyong , Wu Jun , Li Qiuyan , Liu Shichao , Zhang Wei , Pei Yangli , Ruan Xiaoan , Liu Zhonghua , Wang Xumin , Lim Bing , Li Ning 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Because few studies exist to describe the unique molecular network regulation behind pig pre-implantation embryonic development (PED), genetic engineering in the pig embryo is limited. Also, this lack of research has hindered derivation and application of porcine embryonic stem cells and porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

Results
We identified and analyzed the genome wide transcriptomes of pig in vivo-derived and somatic cell nuclear transferred (SCNT) as well as mouse in vivo-derived pre-implantation embryos at different stages using mRNA deep sequencing. Comparison of the pig embryonic transcriptomes with those of mouse and human pre-implantation embryos revealed unique gene expression patterns during pig PED. Pig zygotic genome activation was confirmed to occur at the 4-cell stage via genome-wide gene expression analysis. This activation was delayed to the 8-cell stage in SCNT embryos. Specific gene expression analysis of the putative inner cell mass (ICM) and the trophectoderm (TE) revealed that pig and mouse pre-implantation embryos share regulatory networks during the first lineage segregation and primitive endoderm differentiation, but not during ectoderm commitment. Also, fatty acid metabolism appears to be a unique characteristic of pig pre-implantation embryonic development. In addition, the global gene expression patterns in the pig SCNT embryos were different from those in in vivo-derived pig embryos.

Conclusions
Our results provide a resource for pluripotent stem cell engineering and for understanding pig development.
Ways of coping with premenstrual change: development and validation of a premenstrual coping measure
Authors: Read Jennifer R , Perz Janette , Ussher Jane M 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Negative premenstrual change can result in distress for a significant proportion of women. Previous research has suggested that women employ a range of coping strategies and behaviours in order to manage and reduce premenstrual distress. However, as yet there has been no specific scale available to measure premenstrual coping. This research aimed to develop and validate a measure of premenstrual coping which can be used in future investigations of negative premenstrual experience.

Methods
A sample of 250 women living in Australia, reporting mild to severe premenstrual distress, completed an online survey containing 64 items related to premenstrual coping. The items were generated by reviewing past literature related to premenstrual experience, in particular recent qualitative research on premenstrual coping. A principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation was conducted to determine item clusters that would form a measure. Reliability and validity were tested using calculations of Cronbach alphas, correlational analysis with psychological coping scales and a content analysis of participant reports of coping strategies.

Results
The factor analysis, which involved two principal component analyses, resulted in five factors containing 32 premenstrual coping behaviours. Interpretation of the factor solution drew on empirical and theoretical accounts of premenstrual coping and the emergent factors were labelled Avoiding Harm, Awareness and Acceptance of Premenstrual Change, Adjusting Energy, Self-Care, and Communicating. These factors form the subscales of the Premenstrual Coping Measure (PMCM). The subscales demonstrated acceptable to very good reliability and tests of construct, concurrent and content validity were supportive of sound validity.

Conclusions
The PMCM provides a valid and reliable scale for quantifying ways of coping specific to negative premenstrual change. Conceptual similarity was found between some coping behaviours and behaviours positioned as symptoms of premenstrual change. Explanations for this overlap may be found in cultural discourses associated with idealised femininity and PMS (premenstrual syndrome). Further psychometric investigation of the PMCM will enhance knowledge of the role of coping with negative premenstrual experience.
Simultaneous quantification and inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation of the traditional Korean medicine, Leejung-tang
Authors: Seo Chang-Seob , Kim Ohn Soon , Kim Yeji , Shin Hyeun-Kyoo 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Leejung-tang (LJT) is a traditional Korean herbal medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, we performed quantification analysis of five marker components, liquiritin (1), ginsenoside Rg1 (2), ginsenoside Rb1 (3), glycyrrhizin (4), and 6-gingerol (5) in LJT using a high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (HPLC–PDA). In addition, we investigated the inhibitory effect on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation by the LJT sample.

Methods
Compounds 1–5 were separated within 35 min using a Gemini C18 column. The mobile phase used gradient elution with 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid (A) and 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid in acetonitrile (B). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the detector was a photodiode array (PDA) set at 203 nm, 254 nm, and 280 nm. The inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation conduct an experiment on thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay, relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) assay, and electrophoresis of ApoB fragmentation of LJT.

Results
Calibration curves of compounds 1–5 showed good linearity (r
2 ≥0.9995) in different concentration ranges. The recoveries of compounds 1–5 were in the range of 98.90–103.39%, with relative standard deviations (RSD) below 3.0%. The RSDs (%) of intra-day and inter-day precision were 0.10–1.08% and 0.29–1.87%, respectively. The inhibitory effect of LJT on Cu2+-induced LDL oxidation was defined by TBARS assay (IC50: 165.7 μg/mL) and REM of oxLDL (decrease of 50% at 127.7 μg/mL). Furthermore LJT reduced the fragmentation of ApoB of oxLDL in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusions
The established HPLC-PDA method will be helpful to improve quality control of LJT. In addition, LJT is a potential LDL oxidation inhibitor.
MicroRNA expressions associated with progression of prostate cancer cells to antiandrogen therapy resistance
Authors: Ottman Richard , Nguyen Camha , Lorch Robert , Chakrabarti Ratna 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundDevelopment of resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a major obstacle for the management of advanced prostate cancer. Therapies with androgen receptor (AR) antagonists and androgen withdrawal initially regress tumors but development of compensatory mechanisms including AR bypass signaling leads to re-growth of tumors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that are involved in maintenance of cell homeostasis but are often altered in tumor cells.ResultsIn this study, we determined the association of genome wide miRNA expression (1113 unique miRNAs) with development of resistance to ADT. We used androgen sensitive prostate cancer cells that progressed to ADT and AR antagonist Casodex (CDX) resistance upon androgen withdrawal and treatment with CDX. Validation of expression of a subset of 100 miRNAs led to identification of 43 miRNAs that are significantly altered during progression of cells to treatment resistance. We also show a correlation of altered expression of 10 proteins targeted by some of these miRNAs in these cells.ConclusionsWe conclude that dynamic alterations in miRNA expression occur early on during androgen deprivation therapy, and androgen receptor blockade. The cumulative effect of these altered miRNA expression profiles is the temporal modulation of multiple signaling pathways promoting survival and acquisition of resistance. These early events are driving the transition to castration resistance and cannot be studied in already developed CRPC cell lines or tissues. Furthermore our results can be used a prognostic marker of cancers with a potential to be resistant to ADT.
Epicardial adipose excision slows the progression of porcine coronary atherosclerosis
Authors: McKenney Mikaela L , Schultz Kyle A , Boyd Jack H , Byrd James P , Alloosh Mouhamad , Teague Shawn D , Arce-Esquivel Arturo A , Fain John N , Laughlin M Harold , Sacks Harold S , Sturek Michael 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
In humans there is a positive association between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and coronary atherosclerosis (CAD) burden. We tested the hypothesis that EAT contributes locally to CAD in a pig model.

Methods
Ossabaw miniature swine (n = 9) were fed an atherogenic diet for 6 months to produce CAD. A 15 mm length by 3–5 mm width coronary EAT (cEAT) resection was performed over the middle segment of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) 15 mm distal to the left main bifurcation. Pigs recovered for 3 months on atherogenic diet. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was performed in the LAD to quantify atheroma immediately after adipectomy and was repeated after recovery before sacrifice. Coronary wall biopsies were stained immunohistochemically for atherosclerosis markers and cytokines and cEAT was assayed for atherosclerosis-related genes by RT-PCR. Total EAT volume was measured by non-contrast CT before each IVUS.

Results
Circumferential plaque length increased (p < 0.05) in the proximal and distal LAD segments from baseline until sacrifice whereas plaque length in the middle LAD segment underneath the adipectomy site did not increase. T-cadherin, scavenger receptor A and adiponectin were reduced in the intramural middle LAD. Relative to control pigs without CAD, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD-1), CCL19, CCL21, prostaglandin D2 synthase, gp91phox [NADPH oxidase], VEGF, VEGFGR1, and angiotensinogen mRNAs were up-regulated in cEAT. EAT volume increased over 3 months.

Conclusion
In pigs used as their own controls, resection of cEAT decreased the progression of CAD, suggesting that cEAT may exacerbate coronary atherosclerosis.
Adolescent risk factors for purging in young women: findings from the national longitudinal study of adolescent health
Authors: Stephen Eric M , Rose Jennifer , Kenney Lindsay , Rosselli-Navarra Francine , Weissman Ruth Striegel 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere exists a dearth of prospective adolescent eating disorder studies with samples that are large enough to detect small or medium sized effects for risk factors, that are generalizable to the broader population, and that follow adolescents long enough to fully capture the period of development when the risk of eating disorder symptoms occurring is highest. As a result, the purpose of this study was to examine psychosocial risk factors for purging for weight control in a nationally representative sample of adolescents. Data were extracted from the restricted-use data sets of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Waves I-III), selecting females with valid demographic and purging information (N = 5,670).ResultsThe prevalence of purging was 0.88% at Wave II and 0.56% at Wave III. In multivariable multinomial logistic regressions, purging at Wave II was predicted by parental poverty and low levels of self-esteem at Wave I; purging at Wave III was predicted by body mass index and the frequency of delinquent behaviors at Wave I.ConclusionsIndividuals with high body mass index, individuals with low self-esteem, and individuals in families experiencing economic hardship appear specifically at risk for the development of purging behaviors in later years and may benefit from more targeted prevention efforts.
Additions to the moss flora of the Taita Hills and Mount Kasigau, Kenya
Authors: Enroth Johannes , Nyqvist Petri , Malombe Itambo , Pellikka Petri , Rikkinen Jouko 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Based on our recent collections we report 43 moss species as new to the Taita Hills and Mount Kasigau in SE Kenya, 15 of the species being also new to the country. The number of moss species known from the region rises from the previously reported 85 to 128, and from 506 to 521 for the whole country. The most noteworthy findings are Fissidens splendens Brugg.-Nann., previously known only from Tanzania, and Barbella capillicaulis (Renauld & Cardot) Cardot var. capillicaulis (Renauld & Cardot) Cardot, previously reported from Mauritius, Madagascar and Uganda. The taxa reported represent the families Anomodontaceae (1 sp.), Brachytheciaceae (3 spp.), Calymperaceae (3 spp.), Dicranaceae (8 spp.), Erpodiaceae (1 sp.), Fissidentaceae (3 spp.), Hedwigiaceae (1 sp.), Hookeriaceae (1 sp.), Hypnaceae (3 spp.), Leucodontaceae (1 sp.), Meteoriaceae (3 spp.), Neckeraceae (5 spp.), Orthotrichaceae (1 sp.), Pilotrichaceae (1 sp.), Polytrichaceae (1 sp.), Pterigynandraceae (1 sp.), Pterobryaceae (2 spp.), Pylaisiadelphaceae (1 sp.), Sematophyllaceae (1 sp.), Stereophyllaceae (1 sp.), and Thuidiaceae (1 sp.).
A new species of Porroglossum (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae) from Colombia
Authors: Kolanowska Marta , Szlachetko Dariusz L. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract The Neotropical orchid genus Porroglossum Schltr. is one of most poorly recognized genera within Pleurothallidinae, partly due to an insufficiency of herbarium material. An examination of material collected recently in the Colombian department of Putumayo revealed the existence of a new species of Porroglossum which is described, illustrated and placed within a key to identification of Colombian Porroglossum species.
Peripheral nerve injuries due to osteochondromas: analysis of 20 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Göçmen Selçuk , Topuz Ali Kıvanç , Atabey Cem , Şimşek Hakan , Keklikçi Kenan , Rodop Osman 
Published: January 2014

Object
Nerve compressions due to osteochondromas are extremely rare. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the mechanisms, diagnostic evaluations, and treatment of nerve lesions due to osteochondromas, and to review the literature.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed their clinic data archive from 1998 through 2008, and 20 patients who were operated on due to peripheral nerve injuries caused by osseous growth were enrolled in the study. Patients' age, duration of symptoms, localizations, intraoperative findings, and modified British Medical Research Council (MRC) and electromyography data obtained from hospital records were evaluated. The literature on this topic available in PubMed was also reviewed. All 20 patients underwent surgery, which consisted of tumor excision performed by orthopedic surgeons and nerve decompression performed by neurosurgeons.

Results
There were 17 men and 3 women included in the study, with a mean age of 21 years (range 18–25 years). Three patients had multiple hereditary exostoses, and 17 had a solitary exostosis. All of the patients underwent en bloc resection. The most common lesion site was the distal femur (45%). The peroneal and posterior tibial nerves were the structures that were affected the most frequently. The mean follow-up was 3.9 years (range 2–7 years). After the surgery, all patients (100%) experienced good sensory recovery (modified MRC Grade S4 or S5).

Conclusions
To the authors' knowledge, no large series have reported peripheral nerve compression due to exostoses. The authors have several recommendations as a result of their findings. First, all patients with peripheral nerve compression due to an osteochondroma should undergo surgery. Second, preoperative electromyographic examinations and radiographic evaluation, consisting of MRI and CT to provide optimal information about the lesion, are crucially important. Third, immediate treatment is mandatory to regain the best possible recovery. And fourth, performing nerve decompression first and en bloc resection of osteochondroma consecutively in a multidisciplinary fashion is strongly recommended to avoid peripheral nerve injury.
Inducing transient language disruptions by mapping of Broca's area with modified patterned repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol
Authors: Rogić Maja , Deletis Vedran , Fernández-Conejero Isabel 
Published: January 2014

Object
Until now there has been no reliable stimulation protocol for inducing transient language disruptions while mapping Broca's area. Despite the promising data of only a few studies in which speech arrest and language disturbances have been induced, certain concerns have been raised. The purpose of this study was to map Broca's area by using event-related navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) to generate a modified patterned nTMS protocol.

Methods
Eleven right-handed subjects underwent nTMS to Broca's area while engaged in a visual object-naming task. Navigated TMS was triggered 300 msec after picture presentation. The modified patterned nTMS protocol consists of 4 stimuli with an interstimulus interval of 6 msec; 8 or 16 of those bursts were repeated with a burst repetition rate of 12 Hz. Prior to mapping of Broca's area, the primary motor cortices (M1) for hand and laryngeal muscles were mapped. The Euclidian distance on MRI was measured between cortical points eliciting transient language disruptions and M1 for the laryngeal muscle.

Results
On stimulating Broca's area, transient language disruptions were induced in all subjects. The mean Euclidian distance between cortical spots inducing transient language disruptions and M1 for the laryngeal muscle was 17.23 ± 4.73 mm.

Conclusions
The stimulation paradigm with the modified patterned nTMS protocol was shown to be promising and might gain more widespread use in speech localization in clinical and research applications.