bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polysaccharides from Acanthopanax senticosus enhances intestinal integrity through inhibiting TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide‐challenged mice
Authors: Han Jie , Liu Lixia , Yu Ning , Chen Jing , Liu Baoshan , Yang Di , Shen Guoshun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTo investigate the role of polysaccharide from Acanthopanax senticosus (ASPS) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced intestinal injury, mice in three treatments were administrated orally with or without ASPS (300 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days, followed by challenge with LPS or saline. At 4 h post‐injection, blood and intestinal samples of six mice / treatment were collected. The results showed ASPS ameliorated LPS‐induced intestinal morphological deterioration, proven by improved villus height (P < 0.05) and villus height : crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05). ASPS also elevated the mucosal barrier of LPS‐challenged mice, supported by reduced plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity (P < 0.05) and L‐lactate (P < 0.05), increased mucosal DAO activity (P < 0.05) as well as enhanced intestinal tight junction proteins expression involving occludin‐1 (P < 0.05) and zonula occludens‐1 (P < 0.05). In addition, ASPS decreased LPS‐induced secretion of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α (P < 0.05) and prostaglandin E2 (P < 0.05). Also, ASPS down‐regulated messenger RNA expression of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its downstream signals, including myeloid differentiation factor 88 (P < 0.05), TNF‐α receptor‐associated factor 6 (P < 0.05), as well as nuclear factor (NF)‐κB p65 (P < 0.05) and its protein expression. These findings suggest that ASPS improves intestinal integrity under inflammation conditions connected with inhibiting TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathways.
Open‐label study evaluating outpatient urethral sphincter injections of onabotulinumtoxinA to treat women with urinary retention due to a primary disorder of sphincter relaxation (Fowler's syndrome)
Authors: Panicker Jalesh N. , Seth Jai H. , Khan Shahid , Gonzales Gwen , Haslam Collette , Kessler Thomas M. , Fowler Clare J. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy (defined as improvements in maximum urinary flow rate [Qmax] of ≥50%, post‐void residual urine volume [PVR] and scores on the International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS] questionnaire) and safety of urethral sphincter injections of onabotulinumtoxinA in women with a primary disorder of urethral sphincter relaxation, characterised by an elevated urethral pressure profile (UPP) and specific findings at urethral sphincter electromyography (EMG), i.e. Fowler's syndrome.Patients and MethodsIn this open‐label pilot Institutional Review Board‐approved study, 10 women with a primary disorder of urethral sphincter relaxation (elevated UPP, sphincter volume, and abnormal EMG) presenting with obstructed voiding (five) or in complete urinary retention (five) were recruited from a single tertiary referral centre. Baseline symptoms were assessed using the IPSS, and Qmax and PVR were measured. After 2% lidocaine injection, 100 U of onabotulinumtoxinA was injected into the striated urethral sphincter, divided on either side, under EMG guidance. Patients were reviewed at 1, 4 and 10 weeks after injection, and assessed using the IPSS, Qmax and PVR measurements. The UPP was repeated at week 4.ResultsThe mean (range) patient age was 40 (25–65) years, and the mean symptom scores on the IPSS improved from 25.6 to 14.1, and the mean ‘bother’ score reduced from 6.1 to 3.5 at week 10. As compared with a baseline mean Qmax of 8.12 mL/s in the women who could void, the Qmax improved to 15.8 mL/s at week 10. Four of the five women in complete retention could void spontaneously, with a mean Qmax of 14.3 mL/s at week 10. The mean PVR decreased from 260 to 89 mL and the mean static UPP improved from 113 cmH2O at baseline to 90 cmH2O. No serious side‐effects were reported. Three women with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections developed a urinary tract infection. There were no reports of stress urinary incontinence. Seven of the 10 women opted to return for repeat injections.ConclusionsThis pilot study shows an improvement in patient‐reported lower urinary tract symptoms, and the objective parameters of Qmax, PVR and UPP, at 10 weeks after urethral sphincter injections of onabotulinumtoxinA. No serious side‐effects were reported. This treatment could represent a safe outpatient treatment for young women in retention due to a primary disorder of urethral sphincter relaxation. However, a larger study is required to confirm the findings of this pilot study.
Implicit Racial Biases in Preschool Children and Adults From Asia and Africa
Authors: Qian Miao K. , Heyman Gail D. , Quinn Paul C. , Messi Francoise A. , Fu Genyue , Lee Kang 
Published: October 2015

This research used an Implicit Racial Bias Test to investigate implicit racial biases among 3‐ to 5‐year‐olds and adult participants in China (N = 213) and Cameroon (N = 257). In both cultures, participants displayed high levels of racial biases that remained stable between 3 and 5 years of age. Unlike adults, young children's implicit racial biases were unaffected by the social status of the other‐race groups. Also, unlike adults, young children displayed overt explicit racial biases, and these biases were dissociated from their implicit biases. The results provide strong evidence for the early emergence of implicit racial biases and point to the need to reduce them in early childhood.
Retracted: Bone response to collagenized xenografts of porcine origin (mp3®) and a bovine bone mineral grafting (4BONE™ XBM) grafts in tibia defects: experimental study in rabbits
Authors: Calvo‐Guirado José Luis , Aguilar‐Salvatierra Antonio , Ramírez‐Fernández Maria P. , Maté Sánchez de Val José E. , Delgado‐Ruiz Rafael Arcesio , Gómez‐Moreno Gerardo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to carry out the evaluation of bone response of new bone formation to two different xenografts (bovine and porcine) biomaterials inserted in rabbit tibiae.Materials and methodsThe study used a total of 20 male New Zealand albino rabbits. They received a total of 40 grafts in the proximal metaphyseal areas of both tibiae. Two biomaterials were evaluated: 20 porcine xenografts, as a bone granulate (OsteoBiol® MP3®; Tecnoss srl, Giaveno, Italy), were placed in the proximal metaphyseal area of the right tibia, 20 anorganic bovine bone mineral grafting (4BONE™ XBM, MIS Implants Inc., BARLEV, Israel) were placed in the left tibia. Following graft insertion, the animals were sacrificed in two groups of 10 animals, after 1 and 4 months, respectively. For each group, biomaterials were analyzed: newly formed bone, residual graft materials and the connective tissue. Histomorphometric, EDX analysis and element mapping were performed at 1 and 4 months after graft insertion.ResultsAt 4 months after treatment, the bone defects displayed radiological images that showed complete repair of osseous defects. Histomorphometric evaluation showed that for the porcine xenograft, the study averages for newly formed bone represented 84.23 ± 2.9%, while bovine matrix was 79.34 ± 2.1%. For residual graft material, the porcine biomaterial had 11.23 ± 1.7% and the bovine graft 31.56 ± 2.3%. Finally, the connective tissue for MP3 was 10.33 ± 1.8%, while for the 4BONE™ XBM we obtained 14.34 ± 2.9%. Element analysis revealed higher percentages of Ca (54 ± 9%) and P (35 ± 6%) in the group B than group A and control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsDefects of a critical size in a rabbit tibia model can be sealed using a bovine porous biphasic calcium phosphate and MP3 material; this supports new bone formation, creates a bridge between borders, and facilitates bone ingrowth in both biomaterials. Furthermore, this study observed partial dissolution of the mineral phase of four bone graft and complete resorption of porcine MP3 biomaterial and its incorporation into the surrounding bone. Depending on clinical needs, each biomaterial could be useful in daily clinical practice.
Retrospective volume analysis of bone remodeling after tooth extraction with and without deproteinized bovine bone mineral insertion
Authors: Sbordone Carolina , Toti Paolo , Martuscelli Ranieri , Guidetti Franco , Ramaglia Luca , Sbordone Ludovico 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study was to analyze volume changes of post‐extractive sockets grafted with or without deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and a resorbable barrier.Materials and methodsThis retrospective analysis utilized patients who had undergone tooth extraction. Sites, one per patient, were allocated to two groups: post‐extractive non‐grafted sockets (NG) and post‐extractive grafted sockets with DBBM and resorbable barrier insertion (G). Maximal primary soft tissue closure was sought for both procedures. Before extraction and 6 months later, three‐dimensional features of the sockets (linear indexes, areas, and volumes) and outcome variables at 6 months (volume‐ and surface changes) were acquired through computer tomography scans. Intra‐ and inter‐group comparisons of the outcome variables were performed. Nonparametric tests were applied with a level of significance set at P < 0.01.ResultsTwenty‐four sites, 9 grafted and 15 ungrafted, were enrolled. Between baseline and the 6‐month evaluation, significant bone volume loss, superior surface shrinkage, and height reduction were registered for the G (72 mm3, 76 mm2, and 0.5 mm, respectively) and the NG group (274 mm3, 87 mm2, and 1.8 mm, respectively) with all P‐values ≤ 0.0039. A significant difference, regarding the percentage of the volume change, was registered between the two procedures with a volume loss of 9.9% for the grafted sockets and 34.8% for the ungrafted ones (P‐value = 0.0073).ConclusionGrafting of the sockets with DBBM and a resorbable barrier insertion seemed to reduce negative osseous remodeling in the short term when compared to that of the ungrafted sockets.
Retroactive application of the new kidney allocation system to renal transplants performed in the ECD/SCD era
Authors: Ramanathan Rajesh , Gupta Gaurav , Kim Joohyun , Quinn Keri , Behnke Martha , Kang Le , Sharma Amit 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe kidney allocation system (KAS) aims to improve deceased donor kidney transplant outcomes by matching of donor allografts and kidney recipients using the kidney donor risk index (KDRI) and recipient estimated post‐transplant survival (EPTS) indices. In this single‐center study, KAS was retroactively applied to 573 adult deceased donor kidney transplants (2004–2012) performed in the extended criteria/standard criteria donor (ECD/SCD) era. Donor KDRI and recipient EPTS were calculated, and transplants were analyzed to identify KAS fits. These were defined as allocation of top 20% allografts to top 20% recipients and bottom 80% allografts to bottom 80% recipients. On retroactive calculation, 70.2% of all transplants fit the KAS. Transplants that fit the KAS had inferior 1‐ and 5‐yr patient survival (95.5% vs. 98.8%, p = 0.048, and 83.4% vs. 91.7%, p = 0.018) and similar 1‐ and 5‐yr graft survival compared to transplants that did not fit the KAS (91.3% vs. 94.1%, p = 0.276, and 72.7% vs. 73.9%, p = 0.561). While EPTS correlated with recipient survival (HR = 2.96, p < 0.001), KDRI correlated with both recipient (HR = 3.56, p < 0.001) and graft survival (HR = 3.23, p < 0.001). Overall, retroactive application of the KAS to transplants performed in the ECD/SCD era did not identify superior patient survival for kidneys allocated in accordance with the KAS.
Reimagining South American coasts: unveiling the hidden invasion history of an iconic ecological engineer
Authors: Bortolus Alejandro , Carlton James T. , Schwindt Evangelina 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimThe smooth cordgrassSpartina alterniflorais an iconic ecological engineer that has inspired some of the more insightful concepts and perspectives in modern theoretical ecology and environmental management, from population to community and ecosystem scales. Although it is currently considered native over more than 100 degrees of latitude along the Atlantic coast of the Americas, we challenge the default assumption that this cordgrass is native to South America, and propose an alternative hypothesis that it was introduced in the 18th or early 19th century by human activity.LocationWorld‐wide.MethodsWe applied nine criteria that have been proposed for the recognition of non‐native species. These criteria consider the historical, biological, geographic, dispersal, ecological and evolutionary evidence that classically underpin the distinctions between native and non‐native species.ResultsOur results strongly support the hypothesis thatS. alterniflorais not native to South America. Herbarium collections, historical floristic descriptions and extensive literature reports clearly indicate thatS. alterniflorawas absent prior to the early 1800s in South America.S. alterniflorashows a reduced morphological, ecological and physiological variability along the South American coast and demonstrably increased in both regional extent and abundance over the 20th century.Main conclusionsWe conclude that what are now extensiveS. alternifloramarshes in this region were probably bare mudflats and that there have been vast unrecorded and thus overlooked shifts in bird, fish and invertebrate biodiversity, and immense shifts in algal vs. detritus production, with the concomitant trophic cascades that these changes imply. Our results change the way we perceive “natural” coastal ecosystems on the Atlantic coast of South America as a whole. Indeed, most South American coastal marshes currently are what we term “ecological mirages”– illusions that have seriously hampered our ability to recognize the nature of pre‐existing native ecosystems.
Development of the pancreas in medaka, Oryzias latipes, from embryo to adult
Authors: Otsuka Takayoshi , Tsukahara Tatsuya , Takeda Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2015

To address conserved and unique features of fish pancreas development, we performed extensive analyses of pancreatic development in medaka embryos and adults using pdx1‐ and ptf1a‐transgenic medaka, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The markers used in these analyses included pdx1, nkx6.1, nkx6.2, nkx2.2, Islet1, insulin, Somatostatin, glucagon, ptf1a, ela3l, trypsin, and amylase. The double transgenic (Tg) fish produced in the present study visualizes the development of endocrine (pdx1+) and exocrine (ptf1a+) parts simultaneously in living fishes. Like other vertebrates, the medaka pancreas develops as two (dorsal and ventral) buds in the anterior gut tube, which soon fuse into a single anlagen. The double Tg fish demonstrates that the differential property between the two buds is already established at the initial phase of bud development as indicated by strong pdx1 expression in the dorsal one. This Tg fish also allowed us to examine the gross morphology and the structure of adult pancreas and revealed unique characters of medaka pancreas such as broad and multiple connections with the gut tube along the anterior–posterior axis.
Twice‐daily insulin degludec/insulin aspart provides superior fasting plasma glucose control and a reduced rate of hypoglycaemia compared with biphasic insulin aspart 30 in insulin‐naïve adults with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Franek E. , Haluzík M. , Canecki Varžić S. , Sargin M. , Macura S. , Zacho J. , Christiansen J. S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of twice‐daily insulin degludec/insulin aspart vs. twice‐daily biphasic insulin aspart 30 in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus who were naïve to insulin.MethodsIn this 26‐week, multinational, open‐label, controlled, two‐arm, parallel‐group, treat‐to‐target trial, participants [mean (± sd) age 58.9 (±8.9) years, duration of diabetes 9.5 (±5.9) years, HbA1c 68 (±8.7) mmol/mol or 8.4 (±0.8)% and BMI 31.2 (±4.2) kg/m2) were randomized (1:1) to insulin degludec/insulin aspart (n = 197) or biphasic insulin aspart 30 (n = 197), administered with breakfast and the main evening meal, titrated to a self‐monitored plasma glucose target > 3.9 and ≤ 5.0 mmol/l.ResultsThe mean HbA1c was reduced to 49 mmol/mol (6.6%) with insulin degludec/insulin aspart and 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) with biphasic insulin aspart 30. Insulin degludec/insulin aspart achieved the prespecified non‐inferiority margin (estimated treatment difference 0.02%; 95% CI −0.12, 0.17). Insulin degludec/insulin aspart was superior in lowering fasting plasma glucose (estimated treatment difference −1.00 mmol/l; 95% CI −1.4, −0.6; P < 0.001) and reducing overall and nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemia at a similar overall insulin dose compared with biphasic insulin aspart 30. Similar proportions of participants in each arm experienced severe hypoglycaemia. Adverse events were equally distributed.ConclusionsConsistent with previous findings, insulin degludec/insulin aspart twice daily effectively improved long‐term glycaemic control, with superior reductions in FPG, and significantly less overall and nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemia compared with biphasic insulin aspart 30 in people with Type 2 diabetes who were insulin‐naïve.
Evaluation of immunogenicity of LY2963016 insulin glargine compared with Lantus® insulin glargine in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ilag L. L. , Deeg M. A. , Costigan T. , Hollander P. , Blevins T. C. , Edelman S. V. , Konrad R. J. , Ortmann R. A. , Pollom R. K. , Huster W. J. , Zielonka J. S. , Prince M. J. 
Published: October 2015

AimsTo compare the immunogenicity profiles and the potential effects on clinical outcomes of LY2963016 insulin glargine (LY IGlar) and Lantus® insulin glargine (IGlar), products with identical primary amino acid sequences, in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM or T2DM).MethodsTo assess immunogenicity, anti‐insulin glargine antibodies (measured as percent binding) were compared between treatments in 52‐week (open‐label) and 24‐week (double‐blind) randomized studies in total study populations of patients with T1DM (N = 535) and T2DM (N = 756), respectively, and two subgroups of patients with T2DM: insulin‐naïve patients and those reporting prestudy IGlar treatment (prior IGlar). Relationships between insulin antibody levels and clinical outcomes were assessed using analysis of covariance and partial correlations. Insulin antibody levels were assessed using Wilcoxon rank sum. Treatment comparisons for treatment‐emergent antibody response (TEAR) and incidence of detectable antibodies were analysed using Fisher's exact test.ResultsNo significant treatment differences were observed for insulin antibody levels, incidence of detectable anti‐insulin glargine antibodies, or incidence of TEAR [overall and endpoint, by last‐observation‐carried‐forward (LOCF)] in patients with T1DM or patients with T2DM, including the insulin‐naïve subgroup. A statistically significant difference was noted in the overall incidence of detectable antibodies but not at endpoint (LOCF) nor in TEAR for the prior IGlar subgroup of patients with T2DM. Insulin antibody levels were low (<5%) in both treatment groups. Insulin antibody levels or developing TEAR was not associated with clinical outcomes.ConclusionsLY IGlar and IGlar have similar immunogenicity profiles; anti‐insulin glargine antibody levels were low for both treatments, with no observed effect on efficacy and safety outcomes.
Cross‐Cultural Management Learning Through Innovative Pedagogy: An Exploratory Study of Globally Distributed Student Teams
Authors: Bartel‐Radic Anne , Moos J. Chris , Long Suzanna K. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis article presents an innovative pedagogy based on student participation in globally distributed project teams. The study questions the link between student learning of intercultural competence and the global teaming experience. Data was collected from 115 students participating in 22 virtual intercultural teams. Results revealed that students learned from the teaming experience, especially those with more prior international experience. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on innovative and collaborative pedagogy on global student teams, provides an analysis of the impact of the teaming experience on student learning, and provides insights on international and collaborative course design.
Required Collaborative Work in Online Courses: A Predictive Modeling Approach
Authors: Smith Marlene A. , Kellogg Deborah L. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis article describes a predictive model that assesses whether a student will have greater perceived learning in group assignments or in individual work. The model produces correct classifications 87.5% of the time. The research is notable in that it is the first in the education literature to adopt a predictive modeling methodology using data collected via a designed experiment. All subjects experienced both a collaborative and an individual assignment, thus mitigating uncontrolled external factors in the measurement of differences in perceived learning. The exploratory nature of the work prompted the use of Partial Least Squares Regression for estimation. The work serves as an illustration of how predictive modeling might enlighten those in educational and academic settings.
Childhood‐onset epilepsy five decades later. A prospective population‐based cohort study
Authors: Sillanpää Matti , Anttinen Anu , Rinne Juha O. , Joutsa Juho , Sonninen Pirkko , Erkinjuntti Matti , Hermann Bruce , Karrasch Mira , Saarinen Maiju , Tiitta Petri , Shinnar Shlomo 
Published: October 2015

SummaryObjectiveTo study the impact of childhood‐onset epilepsy on a variety of outcomes across the life span.MethodsA population‐based cohort of 245 subjects with childhood‐onset epilepsy was assessed for outcomes at 45 years. In addition, 51 of 78 surviving subjects with uncomplicated epilepsy and 52 of 99 originally matched controls participated in a detailed evaluation including electroencephalography (EEG), imaging, and laboratory studies at 50 years.ResultsOf 179 surviving subjects, 61% were in terminal 10‐year remission and 43% in remission off medications. At 45 years, 95% of the idiopathic group, 72% of the cryptogenic group, and 47% of the remote symptomatic group were in terminal remission (p < 0.001). Abnormal neurologic signs were significantly more common in subjects with uncomplicated epilepsy than in controls. Mortality during period 1992–2012 was higher in subjects than in controls (9% vs. 1%, p = 0.02). The rate of 3T MRI abnormalities was higher in subjects than in controls (risk ratio [RR] 2.0; 1.3–3.1) specifically including findings considered markers of cerebrovascular disease (RR 2.5; 1.04–5.9). Even subjects with idiopathic epilepsy had higher rates of imaging abnormalities than controls (73% vs. 34%, p = 0.002).SignificanceLong‐term seizure outcomes are excellent and a function of etiology. The presence of imaging abnormalities suggestive of vascular disease may put these subjects at higher risk for clinically evident stroke and cognitive changes as they age.