bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetization transfer from inhomogeneously broadened lines: A potential marker for myelin
Authors: Varma Gopal , Duhamel Guillaume , de Bazelaire Cedric , Alsop David C. 
Published: March 2014

PurposeTo characterize a new approach to magnetization transfer (MT) imaging with improved specificity for myelinated tissues relative to conventional MT.MethodsMagnetization transfer preparation sequences were implemented with all radiofrequency power centered on a single frequency and also with power evenly divided between positive and negative frequencies. Dual frequency saturation was achieved both with short, alternating frequency pulses and with sinusoidal modulation of continuous irradiation. Images following preparation were acquired with a single shot fast spin echo sequence. Single and dual frequency preparation should achieve similar saturation of molecules except for those with inhomogenously broadened lines. Inhomogenous MT (IHMT) images were generated by subtraction of dual from single frequency prepared images. IHMT imaging was performed with different power and frequency in the brains of normal volunteers.ResultsThe IHMT method demonstrated a greater white/gray matter ratio than conventional MT and virtual elimination of signal in scalp and other unmyelinated tissues. IHMT exceeded 5% of the fully relaxed magnetization in white matter. A broad frequency spectrum and signs of axonal angular dependence at high frequency were observed that are consistent with dipolar broadening.ConclusionIHMT shows promise for myelin‐specific imaging. Further study of physical mechanisms and diagnostic sensitivity are merited. Magn Reson Med 73:614–622, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic inversion time for improved 3D late gadolinium enhancement imaging in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Keegan Jennifer , Gatehouse Peter D. , Haldar Shouvik , Wage Ricardo , Babu‐Narayan Sonya V. , Firmin David N. 
Published: March 2014

PurposeHigh resolution three‐dimensional (3D) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging is performed with single R‐wave gating to minimize lengthy acquisition durations. In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), heart rate variability results in variable magnetization recovery between sequence repeats, and image quality is often poor. In this study, we implemented and tested a dynamic inversion time (dynamic‐TI) scheme designed to reduce sequence sensitivity to heart rate variations.MethodsAn inversion‐prepared 3D segmented gradient echo sequence was modified so that the TI varied automatically from beat‐to‐beat (dynamic‐TI) based on the time since the last sequence repeat. 3D LGE acquisitions were performed in 17 patients prior to radio frequency ablation of persistent AF both with and without dynamic‐TI. Qualitative image quality scores, blood signal‐to‐ghosting ratios (SGRs). and blood–myocardium contrast‐to‐ghosting ratios (CGRs) were compared.ResultsImage quality scores were higher with dynamic‐TI than without dynamic‐TI (2.2 ± 0.9 vs. 1.8 ± 1.1, P = 0.008), as were blood–myocardium CGRs (13.8 ± 7.6 vs. 8.3 ± 6.1, P = 0.003) and blood SGRs (19.6 ± 8.5 vs. 13.1 ± 8.0, P = 0.003).ConclusionThe dynamic‐TI algorithm improves image quality of 3D LGE imaging in this difficult patient population by reducing the sequence sensitivity to RR interval variations Magn Reson Med 73:646–654, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bifid median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome: Do we need to know?
Authors: Kasius Kristel M. , Claes Franka , Meulstee Jan , Verhagen Wim Im 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We tested the hypothesis that a bifid median nerve predisposes to development of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and investigated differences in electrophysiological findings and outcome. Methods: A total of 259 consecutive patients with clinically defined CTS were included and investigated clinically, electrophysiologically, and ultrasonographically. Fifty‐four healthy asymptomatic volunteers were investigated ultrasonographically. Results: The prevalence of bifid median nerves is equal in patients with CTS and controls. Electrophysiological and ultrasonographic abnormalities are more pronounced in patients with non‐bifid median nerves. Some outcome data are better in patients with non‐bifid median nerves, but others do not show significant differences. Conclusions: A bifid median nerve is not an independent risk factor for development of CTS. Some of our data suggest outcome after surgical decompression to be different, but others do not. The surgical technique in these patients may therefore have to be reevaluated. Muscle Nerve 50: 835–843, 2014
Targeted next‐generation sequencing of cancer genes dissects the molecular profiles of intraductal papillary neoplasms of the pancreas
Authors: Amato Eliana , Molin Marco dal , Mafficini Andrea , Yu Jun , Malleo Giuseppe , Rusev Borislav , Fassan Matteo , Antonello Davide , Sadakari Yoshihiko , Castelli Paola , Zamboni Giuseppe , Maitra Anirban , Salvia Roberto , Hruban Ralph H , Bassi Claudio , Capelli Paola , Lawlor Rita T , Goggins Michael , Scarpa Aldo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntraductal neoplasms are important precursors to invasive pancreatic cancer and provide an opportunity to detect and treat pancreatic neoplasia before an invasive carcinoma develops. The diagnostic evaluation of these lesions is challenging, as diagnostic imaging and cytological sampling do not provide accurate information on lesion classification, the grade of dysplasia or the presence of invasion. Moreover, the molecular driver gene mutations of these precursor lesions have yet to be fully characterized. Fifty‐two intraductal papillary neoplasms, including 48 intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and four intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms (ITPNs), were subjected to the mutation assessment in 51 cancer‐associated genes, using ion torrent semiconductor‐based next‐generation sequencing. P16 and Smad4 immunohistochemistry was performed on 34 IPMNs and 17 IPMN‐associated carcinomas. At least one somatic mutation was observed in 46/48 (96%) IPMNs; 29 (60%) had multiple gene alterations. GNAS and/or KRAS mutations were found in 44/48 (92%) of IPMNs. GNAS was mutated in 38/48 (79%) IPMNs, KRAS in 24/48 (50%) and these mutations coexisted in 18/48 (37.5%) of IPMNs. RNF43 was the third most commonly mutated gene and was always associated with GNAS and/or KRAS mutations, as were virtually all the low‐frequency mutations found in other genes. Mutations in TP53 and BRAF genes (10% and 6%) were only observed in high‐grade IPMNs. P16 was lost in 7/34 IPMNs and 9/17 IPMN‐associated carcinomas; Smad4 was lost in 1/34 IPMNs and 5/17 IPMN‐associated carcinomas. In contrast to IPMNs, only one of four ITPNs had detectable driver gene (GNAS and NRAS) mutations. Deep sequencing DNA from seven cyst fluid aspirates identified 10 of the 13 mutations detected in their associated IPMN. Using next‐generation sequencing to detect cyst fluid mutations has the potential to improve the diagnostic and prognostic stratification of pancreatic cystic neoplasms. © 2014 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Personality dysfunction is the cause of recurrent non‐cognitive mental disorder: A testable hypothesis
Authors: Tyrer Peter 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to examine the evidence for a new hypothesis explaining the relationship between personality and mental state disorders.DesignAt present, the attribution of personality disorder as a primary diagnosis only applies to patients who are antisocial, and particularly regarded as psychopathic, as in these patients, the mental state disorder that are associated are regarded in many respects as atypical and not representative of other mental disorders. The case is made in this paper that personality dysfunction lies behind the persistence of all non‐cognitive mental disorders and that our failure to recognise this follows from our collective refusal to assess personality status early in life.MethodNarrative review of relevant literature, which is limited as personality status is not often assessed early in life.ResultsSupport is adduced that personality dysfunction lies behind the persistence of all non‐cognitive mental disorders (i.e. those that are not specifically neurodevelopmental and linked to cognitive impairment). The potential importance of this hypothesis is presented with regard to treatment and management strategy, emphasising that without specific intervention for personality dysfunction, many patients are destined for persistent morbidity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple method for early age phenotype confirmation using toe tissue from a mouse model of MPS IIIA
Authors: Trim Paul J. , Lau Adeline A. , Hopwood John J. , Snel Marten F. 
Published: March 2014

RATIONALEDetermination of genotype can be difficult, especially during the early stages of developing an animal model, e.g. when PCR primers are not yet available. An increase or decrease in specific metabolites can be used as a surrogate marker for genotype; for instance, in homozygous MPS IIIA mice heparan sulphate (HS) is increased.METHODSA simple method was developed for extracting and depolymerising HS from mouse toe tissue using methanolysis under acidic conditions. The sample was lyophilised and resuspended in methanolic HCl. The reaction products are desulphated disaccharides and readily analysable by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. Measurements were normalised to a spiked deuterated HS internal standard and to endogenous chondroitin sulphate (CS).RESULTSHS was measured in toe tissue taken from 30 mice in three groups of 10 (normal controls, MPS IIIA homozygotes and heterozygotes). A significant difference was observed between the MPS IIIA homozygotes and the other two groups, making it possible to identify mice with the MPS IIIA genotype based on the measurement of HS. Normalisation to CS was shown to correct for sample variability and reaction efficiency.CONCLUSIONSAnalysis of toe tissue provides a simple and rapid way of determining a storage phenotype at 5 to 7 days of age. Significantly, this method does not require any additional samples to be taken from animals, as it utilises tissue that is a by‐product of toe clipping, a method that is routinely used to permanently identify mice. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A tail bound for read‐k families of functions
Authors: Gavinsky Dmitry , Lovett Shachar , Saks Michael , Srinivasan Srikanth 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe prove a Chernoff‐like large deviation bound on the sum of non‐independent random variables that have the following dependence structure. The variables are arbitrary [0,1]‐valued functions of independent random variables , modulo a restriction that every Xi influences at most k of the variables . © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 47, 99–108, 2015
Study of scan protocol for exposure reduction in hybrid spectral micro‐CT
Authors: Opie Alex M. T. , Bennett James R. , Walsh Michael , Rajendran Kishore , Yu Hengyong , Xu Qiong , Butler Anthony , Butler Philip , Cao Guohua , Mohs Aaron M. , Wang Ge 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe hybrid spectral micro‐computed tomography (CT) architecture integrates a conventional imaging chain and an interior spectral imaging chain, and has been proven to be an important development in spectral CT. The motivation for this study is to minimize X‐ray exposure for hybrid spectral micro‐CT using both simulated and experimental scan data while maintaining the spectral fidelity of the reconstruction. Three elements of the hybrid scan protocol are investigated: truncation of the interior spectral chain and the numbers of projections for each of the global and interior imaging chains. The effect of these elements is quantified by analyzing how each affects the reconstructed spectral accuracy. The results demonstrate that there is significant scope for reduction of radiation exposure in the hybrid scan protocol. It appears decreasing the number of conventional projections offers the most potential for exposure reduction, while further reduction is possible by decreasing the interior FOV and number of spectral projections. SCANNING 36:444–455, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enterprise security pattern: a new type of security pattern
Authors: Moral‐García Santiago , Moral‐Rubio Santiago , Rosado David G. , Fernández Eduardo B. , Fernández‐Medina Eduardo 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn recent years, most organizations have suffered attacks against their information systems. For this reason, organizations should seek support from enterprise security architectures (ESAs) in order to secure their information assets. Security patterns can help when building complex ESAs, but they have some limitations that reduce their usability. In this paper, we define the metapattern of a new type of security pattern called Enterprise Security Pattern. This new metapattern provides a model‐driven environment and combines all elements that must be considered when designing and building ESAs. We present here a precise meta‐model and four diagrams to describe the metapattern of the enterprise security patterns. When avoiding a security problem, organizations could use enterprise security patterns to provide their designers with an optimal and proven security guideline and so standardize the design and building of the ESA for that problem. Enterprise security patterns could also facilitate the selection and tailoring of security policies, patterns, mechanisms, and technologies when a designer is building ESAs. To illustrate our ideas, we present an instance of this new type of pattern, showing how it can be used. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zur wirtschaftlichen Bemessung von optimierten Walzprofil‐Kranbahnträgern für Laufkrane nach Eurocode
Authors: May Marc , Ruppert Matthias , Seeßelberg Christoph 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEine wirtschaftliche Standardanwendung von Walzprofilen sind Kranbahnträger für Laufkrane. In der bisherigen Bemessungspraxis wurden und werden überwiegend HE‐Profile in der Stahlgüte S235 eingesetzt, welche eine zweckmäßige Lösung für Kranbahnträger kurzer bis mittlerer Spannweiten bei kleinen bis mittleren Radlasten darstellen. Sowohl für größere Spannweiten als auch für größere Radlasten und die Kombination aus beiden kommen HE‐Profile an ihre Grenzen. Im folgenden Beitrag wird der Einsatz von HD‐ und HL‐Walzprofilen aus S355 für Kranbahnträger untersucht und die Vorteile dieser weniger bekannten Profilreihen dargestellt.On the economic design of optimized rolled section runway beams for top mounted overhead cranes. Crane runway beams are an economic standard application of hot rolled sections. In today’s design practice HE sections in grade S235 are commonly used, which represents a suitable solution for crane runway beams of short to intermediate spans and small to medium wheel loads. For bigger spans as well as for higher wheel loads and the combination of both HE sections arrive to their limits. In the following article the application of HD and HL rolled‐sections in grade S355 for crane runway beams are examined and the advantages of this less known section ranges are presented.Marc MayMatthias RuppertChristoph Seeßelberg
Optimierung gevouteter Rahmen im Stahlhallenbau
Authors: Münch Ingo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEinfeldrahmen in Stahlbauweise finden weite Verbreitung beim Bau von Industrie‐ und Lagerhallen mit moderater Spannweite. Mit Ausnahme des Dreigelenkrahmens sind die Schnittgrößen in Haupttragrichtung statisch unbestimmt und hängen somit von den Steifigkeiten der Bauteile ab. Bei der Bemessung von Stützen‐ und Riegelprofilen tritt dieser nichtlineare Effekt in Erscheinung und koppelt sich zudem an die Anordnung von Vouten im Eckbereich des Rahmens. Die Optimierung der Bauteile mit Hilfe einer Evolutionsstrategie offenbart, dass es aus praktischer Sicht einen Spielraum gibt, welcher favorisierte Lösungen mit adäquatem Konstruktionsgewicht enthält. Die Varianten in diesem Spielraum unterscheiden sich durch die Ausprägung der Voute, wobei sich statische und geometrische Randbedingungen bemerkbar machen. Eine Studie bespricht den Einfluss des Rahmenabstands, der Dachneigung und der gelenkigen bzw. eingespannten Lagerung der Stützen auf die optimale Wahl der Vouten.Optimization of haunched steel hall frames. Single‐span frame structures are widespread to build storage and industrial buildings of moderate span width. Except three‐hinged frames the stress resultants in the principal load direction are statically indeterminate and thus, depend onto the stiffness of all structural members of the frame. For the dimensioning of profiles this nonlinear effect appears and couples furthermore to the design of haunches in the corners of the frame. Using an evolution algorithm to optimize the components of the structure reveals some room to find favor solutions with adequate design weight from a practical point of view. Variants differ in forming the haunches within this scope and boundary conditions become noticeable. Studies discuss the influence of frame spacing, roof slope as well as support conditions onto the optimal design auf haunches.
Pretziener Wehr – Nachhaltiger Stahlbau im Bestand dank angepasstem und neuem Korrosionsschutz
Authors: Brux Gunther 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSeit über 135 Jahren besteht südlich von Pretzien an der Elbe das größte Schützentafelwehr Europas als wirksamste Hochwasserschutzeinrichtung Mitteldeutschlands; es regelt den Zulauf zu einem rd. 25 km langen Umflutkanal vorbei an den Städten Magdeburg und Schönebeck sowie bei Niedrigwasser für die Schiffbarkeit der Elbe. Das Wehr besteht noch fast unverändert, doch mussten in den letzten Jahren vor allem Stahlbauteile wegen Werkstoffalterung und Korrosion behandelt oder auch denkmalschutzgerecht ausgetauscht werden.
Genome‐wide microarray analysis identifies a potential role for striatal retrograde endocannabinoid signaling in the pathogenesis of experimental l‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhang Qiao Jun , Wang Hui Sheng , Wang Tao , Liu Jian 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTl‐3,4‐Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l‐DOPA) is the most widely used drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Unfortunately, chronic administration of this dopamine precursor causes l‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia (LID), which is a debilitating complication whose pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we compared gene expression profiles of sensorimotor striatum tissue derived from LID and non‐LID 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats treated with l‐DOPA. Total RNA was amplified, transcribed and hybridized to Agilent Whole Rat Genome Oligo Microarray chips. Quantitative real‐time reverse transcription PCR was conducted to validate the microarray data. We detected 382 upregulated genes and 115 downregulated genes in LID rats when compared with that of non‐LID subjects with Significance Analysis for Microarrays software. The differentially expressed genes were mainly associated with postsynaptic cell membranes, synapses, and neurotransmitter receptors. Gene Set Analysis (GSA) software was used to identify differentially expressed gene ontology (GO) categories and pathways. The GSA found that “long‐term depression” and “retrograde endocannabinoid signaling” pathways were downregulated, whereas a set of lipid metabolism‐related GO categories and pathways were upregulated in LID rats compared with non‐LID controls. Our study provides further experimental evidence to support the direct correlation between abnormal striatal synaptic plasticity and the induction of LID, and it suggests that the dysfunction of the retrograde endocannabinoid signaling system, a lipid‐based neuromodulatory system, and the relevant alteration of the related lipid metabolism processes might play an important role in the pathogenesis of LID. Synapse 68:332–343, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IpO: plasmids and methods for simplified, PCR‐based DNA transplant in yeast
Authors: Horecka Joe , Chu Angela M. , Davis Ronald W. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMany yeast experiments require strains modified by recombinant DNA methods. Some experiments require precise insertion of a DNA segment into the genome without a selectable marker remaining. For these applications, we developed a new PCR‐based method for marker‐free DNA transplant. The current PCR‐based method requires the labour‐intensive construction of a PCR template plasmid with repeats of the DNA segment flanking URA3. The design of a new vector, IpO, reduces the work in cloning a single copy of the DNA segment between overlapping URA3 fragments present in the vector. Two PCRs are performed that capture the DNA segment and one or the other URA3 fragment. When the PCR products are co‐transformed into yeast, recombination between the overlapping URA3 fragments restores URA3 and transposes the cloned DNA segment inside out, creating a repeat‐URA3‐repeat cassette. Sequences designed into the PCR primers target integration of the cassette into the genome. Subsequent selection with 5‐fluoro‐orotic acid yields strains that have 'popped out' URA3 via recombination between the DNA repeats, with the result being the precise insertion of the DNA segment minus the selectable marker. An additional advantage of the IpO method is that it eliminates PCR artifacts that can plague the current method's repeat‐containing templates. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Copper(I) Thiocyanate: Synthesis and Structural Characterization
Authors: Dodds Christopher A. , Kennedy Alan R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of three N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of copper(I) thiocyanate [Cu(IMes)(NCS)]2 (1), [Cu(IXy)(NCS)]2 (2), and [Cu(IPr)(NCS)] (3) [IMes = 1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene, IXy = 1,3‐bis(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene, IPr = 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene] are described. Single crystal diffraction and IR spectroscopy shows that reaction of one equivalent of sodium thiocyanate with [Cu(NHC)Cl] results in the formation of solid‐state centrosymmetric dimers for 1 and 2 with bridging thiocyanate ligands bound through both N and S. In contrast, the equivalent reaction with IPr gives a monomeric species with N bound thiocyanate. In the solution state, all the structures of complexes 1–3 would appear to be monomeric, as evidenced by both solution state FT‐IR and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies. In addition the precursor to complex 2 [Cu(IXy)Cl] (4) was structurally characterized by X‐ray diffraction revealing a one‐dimensional chain structure that propagates through C–H···Cl intermolecular interactions with both methyl and aromatic hydrogen atoms.
Target Price Accuracy
Authors: Kerl Alexander G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis study analyzes the accuracy of forecasted target prices within analysts’ reports. We compute a measure for target price forecast accuracy that evaluates the ability of analysts to exactly forecast the exante (unknown) 12-month stock price. Furthermore, we determine factors that explain this accuracy. Target price accuracy is negatively related to analyst-specific optimism and stock-specific risk (measured by volatility and price-to-book ratio). However, target price accuracy is positively related to the level of detail of each report, company size and the reputation of the investment bank. The potential conflicts of interests between an analyst and a covered company do not bias forecast accuracy.