bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Green Synthesis of Nanosheet‐Constructed Pd Particles in an Ionic Liquid and Their Superior Electrocatalytic Performance
Authors: Zhang Baohua , Xue Yiguo , Xue Zhimin , Li Zhonghao , Hao Jingcheng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]Ac) is investigated as a solvent for the synthesis of Pd particles. Interestingly, nanosheet‐constructed Pd particles could be successfully synthesized in [EMIM]Ac without any additional reducing agent and template under ionothermal conditions. [EMIM]Ac itself works as the solvent, the reducing agent, and the template for the formation of these interesting Pd particles, making this method complementary to the well‐known ionic‐liquid‐precursor approach. Furthermore, [EMIM]Ac can be recycled with no loss of activity for the formation of nanosheet‐constructed Pd particles within our studied cycles. Specifically, the nanosheet‐constructed Pd particles exhibit superior electrocatalytic activity and stability towards ethanol oxidation and formic acid oxidation compared with commercially available Pd black catalyst, thus demonstrating their promising applications in fuel‐cell area. The current approach, thus, presents a green approach towards the synthesis of Pd particles, using only a simple palladium salt and an ionic liquid.
Neuropilin‐2 genomic elements drive cre recombinase expression in primitive blood, vascular and neuronal lineages
Authors: Wiszniak Sophie , Scherer Michaela , Ramshaw Hayley , Schwarz Quenten 
Published: October 2015

SummaryWe have established a novel Cre mouse line, using genomic elements encompassing the Nrp2 locus, present within a bacterial artificial chromosome clone. By crossing this Cre driver line to R26R LacZ reporter mice, we have documented the temporal expression and lineage traced tissues in which Cre is expressed. Nrp2‐Cre drives expression in primitive blood cells arising from the yolk sac, venous and lymphatic endothelial cells, peripheral sensory ganglia, and the lung bud. This mouse line will provide a new tool to researchers wishing to study the development of various tissues and organs in which this Cre driver is expressed, as well as allow tissue‐specific knockout of genes of interest to study protein function. This work also presents the first evidence for expression of Nrp2 protein in a mesodermal progenitor with restricted hematopoietic potential, which will significantly advance the study of primitive erythropoiesis. genesis 53:709–717, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection of Alzheimer's disease signature in MR images seven years before conversion to dementia: Toward an early individual prognosis
Authors: Coupé Pierrick , Fonov Vladimir S. , Bernard Charlotte , Zandifar Azar , Eskildsen Simon F. , Helmer Catherine , Manjón José V. , Amieva Hélène , Dartigues Jean‐François , Allard Michèle , Catheline Gwenaelle , Collins D. Louis ,   The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2015

AbstractFinding very early biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) to aid in individual prognosis is of major interest to accelerate the development of new therapies. Among the potential biomarkers, neurodegeneration measurements from MRI are considered as good candidates but have so far not been effective at the early stages of the pathology. Our objective is to investigate the efficiency of a new MR‐based hippocampal grading score to detect incident dementia in cognitively intact patients. This new score is based on a pattern recognition strategy, providing a grading measure that reflects the similarity of the anatomical patterns of the subject under study with dataset composed of healthy subjects and patients with AD. Hippocampal grading was evaluated on subjects from the Three‐City cohort, with a followup period of 12 years. Experiments demonstrate that hippocampal grading yields prediction accuracy up to 72.5% (P < 0.0001) 7 years before conversion to AD, better than both hippocampal volume (58.1%, P = 0.04) and MMSE score (56.9%, P = 0.08). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) supports the efficiency of imaging biomarkers with a gain of 8.4 percentage points for hippocampal grade (73.0%) over hippocampal volume (64.6%). Adaptation of the proposed framework to clinical score estimation is also presented. Compared with previous studies investigating new biomarkers for AD prediction over much shorter periods, the very long followup of the Three‐City cohort demonstrates the important clinical potential of the proposed imaging biomarker. The high accuracy obtained with this new imaging biomarker paves the way for computer‐based prognostic aides to help the clinician identify cognitively intact subjects that are at high risk to develop AD. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4758–4770, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Soil pipe flow tracer experiments: 2. Application of a streamflow transient storage zone model
Authors: Zhou Yan , Wilson G. V. , Fox G.A. , Rigby J.R. , Dabney S.M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSoil pipes are important subsurface flow pathways in many soil erosion phenomena. However, limited research has been performed on quantifying and characterizing their flow and transport characteristics. The objectives of this research were to determine the applicability of a streamflow model with transient storage in deriving flow and transport characteristics of soil pipes. Tracer data from pulse inputs were collected in four different soil pipes after a fluorescein dye was injected in the upstream end of each soil pipe network in three branches (west, middle, and east) of a main catchment and a back catchment in Goodwin Creek Experimental Watershed in Mississippi. Multiple sampling stations were positioned along each soil pipe network. The transient storage zone model OTIS‐P was executed inversely to estimate transport parameters by soil pipe reach such as the soil pipe cross‐sectional area (A), soil storage zone cross‐sectional area (As), and exchange rate between the soil pipe and the soil storage zone (αs). Model convergence was achieved, and simulated breakthrough curves of the reaches were in good agreement with actual tracer data for eight of the nine reaches of the three branches of the Main Catchment and five of the seven reaches of the Back Catchment soil pipe. Simulation parameters for the soil pipe networks were similar to the range of values reported for flow and transport characteristics commonly observed in streams. Inversely, estimated soil pipe flow velocities were higher with increased tortuosity, which led to a smaller cross‐sectional areas predicted for the soil pipe flowpaths, while other parameters were not sensitive to tortuosity. In general, application of One‐Dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage‐P to this unique soil pipe condition suggested larger transient storage (As and αs) compared with most stream systems. This was hypothesized to be because of relatively higher ratio of the wetted perimeter to flow area in the soil pipe, the hydraulic roughness of the soil pipe, potential retention in collapsed portions of the pipe, and interaction with smaller preferential flow systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of the Human SULT Enzymes Involved in the Metabolism of Rotigotine
Authors: Jia Chaojun , Luo Lijun , Kurogi Katsuhisa , Yu Juming , Zhou Chunyang , Liu Ming‐Cheh 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSulfation has been reported to be a major pathway for the metabolism and inactivation of rotigotine in vivo. The current study aimed to identify the human cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) enzyme(s) capable of mediating the sulfation of rotigotine. Of the 13 known human SULTs examined, 6 of them (SULT1A1, 1A2, 1A3, 1B1, 1C4, 1E1) displayed significant sulfating activities toward rotigotine. pH dependence and kinetic parameters of the sulfation of rotigotine by relevant human SULTs were determined. Of the 6 human organ samples tested, small intestine and liver cytosols displayed considerably higher rotigotine‐sulfating activity than did brain, lung, and kidney. Moreover, sulfation of rotigotine was shown to occur in HepG2 human hepatoma cells and Caco‐2 human colon adenocarcinoma cells under metabolic conditions. Collectively, the results obtained provided a molecular basis underlying the previous finding of the excretion of sulfated rotigotine by patients undergoing treatment with rotigotine.
Superhydrophobic/superoleophilic corn straw fibers as effective oil sorbents for the recovery of spilled oil
Authors: Zang Deli , Zhang Ming , Liu Feng , Wang Chengyu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent years, superhydrophobic and superoleophilic materials have attracted great interest and have been applied to the removal of oil contaminants from water. The combined effect of hierarchical coarse structure and low surface free energy is essential for the acquisition of superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity. In the present study, a facile, low‐cost, fluorine‐free and eco‐friendly method is proposed for the development of superhydrophobic/superoleophilic corn straw fibers via conventional impregnation to realize the removal of oil from water.RESULTSThe simultaneous performances of superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity of the product were attributed to the covalent deposition of hollow spherical zinc oxide (ZnO) particles on the surface of fibers and subsequent hydrophobic modification using hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMOS). In addition, the superhydrophobic and superoleophilic performances of as‐prepared corn straw remained in complex conditions of corrosive solution and long‐time storage. The absorption capacity of superhydrophobic/superoleophilic corn straw for crude oil was 20.4 g g−1, demonstrating high uptake capacity.CONCLUSIONThe superhydrophobic/superoleophilic corn straw fibers possessed excellent stability and enhanced absorption capacity. The as‐prepared product could be widely used as an oil sorbent for oil/water separation. This study provided evidence for the better utilization of waste corn straw in the field of oil spills cleanup. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Thermal and physicochemical technologies used in hospital incineration fly ash utilization before landfill in Poland
Authors: Sobiecka Elzbieta 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDUtilization and safety storage of hazardous waste like hospital incineration fly ash is an important ecological problem. In Poland the dominant process of waste storage is landfill. The characteristics of the raw waste as well as their transformation products after various utilization processes is very important to minimize the environmental impact.RESULTSThe research presented compares product stabilization obtained using two investigated technologies: thermal plasma treatment in a vitrification process, and solidification with Portland cement as the binder in hydration and granulation processes. The leachability of six heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, Cr), indicated in the Council Decision 2003/33/EC as the main parameters influencing the environment, were studied.CONCLUSIONThe most stable products were vitrificates – immobilization exceeded 90%. The immobilization of heavy metals in solidified waste using Portland cement in a hydrated process were estimated at between 60 and 90%. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Synchronous prostate and rectal adenocarcinomas irradiation utilising volumetric modulated arc therapy
Authors: Ng Sweet Ping , Tran Thu , Moloney Philip , Sale Charlotte , Mathlum Maitham , Ong Grace , Lynch Rod 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCases of synchronous prostate and colorectal adenocarcinomas have been sporadically reported. There are case reports on patients with synchronous prostate and rectal cancers treated with external beam radiotherapy alone or combined with high‐dose rate brachytherapy boost to the prostate. Here, we illustrate a patient with synchronous prostate and rectal cancers treated using the volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) technique. The patient was treated with radical radiotherapy to 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions to the pelvis, incorporating the involved internal iliac node and the prostate. A boost of 24 Gy in 12 fractions was delivered to the prostate only, using VMAT. Treatment‐related toxicities and follow‐up prostate‐specific antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen were collected for data analysis. At 12 months, the patient achieved complete response for both rectal and prostate cancers without significant treatment‐related toxicities.
Wildfire Effects on Suspended Sediment Delivery Quantified Using Fallout Radionuclide Tracers in a Mediterranean Catchment
Authors: Estrany Joan , López‐Tarazón José A. , Smith Hugh G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOver short and long timescales, wildfires can be an important cause of hydrological and geomorphological change. Mediterranean rivers are part of a fire‐prone and high‐energy environment in which the timing of major storms in relation to fire influences the impact on fluvial systems; accordingly, the identification of major sources, stores and fluxes of sediments is essential for providing more effective post‐fire management strategies. In this study, caesium‐137 and excess lead‐210 were used as tracers to quantify the proportional contributions of fine sediment from hillslope surface and channel bank sources to suspended sediment and channel bed deposits before the impact of a forest wildfire in Na Borges, a Mediterranean groundwater‐dominated river. It also compared burnt and unburnt spatial sources of sediment within a single catchment and the extent to which burnt material was transported downstream. The study focused on two small and steep sub‐catchments, where just one of the catchments was partially affected by a wildfire. The pre‐fire dynamics indicated that surface soils were the main sediment source in these ephemeral creeks. Post‐fire sediment dynamics were characterised by a single flood event with a short recurrence interval (i.e. return period ca. <1 year). Sediment generated from the burnt area contributed 12% on average to bed‐stored sediments within the burnt catchment, which reduced downstream to 5% along the main channel of the Na Borges River. The findings demonstrate the potential for using fallout radionuclide tracers to understand the wider impacts of wildfires on fluvial environments located outside of the burn area. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Streambeds merit recognition as a scientific discipline
Authors: Constantz Jim 
Published: October 2015

Streambeds are generally viewed as simply sediments beneath streams, sediments topping alluvial aquifers, or sediments housing aquatic life, rather than as distinct geographic features comparable to soils and surficial geologic materials within watersheds. Streambeds should be viewed as akin to soils. Specifically, soils are often described as surficial sediments created largely by atmospheric weathering of underlying geologic parent material. Similarly, streambeds should be described as submerged sediments created largely by streamflow modification of underlying geologic parent material. Streambeds are overdue for recognition as their own scientific discipline alongside numerous other well‐recognized disciplines within watersheds. The point is stated that hyporheic zones are regularly considered comparable to streambeds, but this is as misguided as equating unsaturated zones to soils. Streambeds and soils are physical geographic features of relatively constant volume, while hyporheic and unsaturated zones are hydrologic features of varying volume. This opinion piece suggests Streambed Science as the proposed discipline, requiring well‐designed protocols to physically characterize streambeds and develop streambed taxonomy for suitable recognition. WIREs Water 2016, 3:13–18. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1119This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Methods
Genetic Counselors’ Experiences Regarding Communication of Reproductive Risks with Autosomal Recessive Conditions found on Cancer Panels
Authors: Mets Sarah , Tryon Rebecca , Veach Patricia McCarthy , Zierhut Heather A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe development of hereditary cancer genetic testing panels has altered genetic counseling practice. Mutations within certain genes on cancer panels pose not only a cancer risk, but also a reproductive risk for autosomal recessive conditions such as Fanconi anemia, constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome, and ataxia telangiectasia. This study aimed to determine if genetic counselors discuss reproductive risks for autosomal recessive conditions associated with genes included on cancer panels, and if so, under what circumstances these risks are discussed. An on‐line survey was emailed through the NSGC list‐serv. The survey assessed 189 cancer genetic counselors' experiences discussing reproductive risks with patients at risk to carry a mutation or variant of uncertain significance (VUS) in a gene associated with both an autosomal dominant cancer risk and an autosomal recessive syndrome. Over half (n = 82, 55 %) reported having discussed reproductive risks; the remainder (n = 66, 45 %) had not. Genetic counselors who reported discussing reproductive risks primarily did so when patients had a positive result and were of reproductive age. Reasons for not discussing these risks included when a patient had completed childbearing or when a VUS was identified. Most counselors discussed reproductive risk after obtaining results and not during the informed consent process. There is inconsistency as to if and when the discussion of reproductive risks is taking place. The wide variation in responses suggests a need to develop professional guidelines for when and how discussions of reproductive risk for autosomal recessive conditions identified through cancer panels should occur with patients.
Using the Scanning Fluid Dynamic Gauging Device to Understand the Cleaning of Baked Lard Soiling Layers
Authors: Ali Akin , Alam Zayeed , Ward Glenn , Wilson D. Ian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractExtended or repeated heating of food fats promotes polymerisation reactions that produce difficult‐to‐remove soil layers. Cleaning of these baked‐on/burnt‐on fat deposits was investigated using model layers generated by baking lard on 316 stainless steel discs. Rigorous characterisation of the layer material was difficult, as it was insoluble in most solvents. Cleaning was studied using the scanning fluid dynamic gauging technique developed by Gordon et al. (Meas Sci Technol 21:85–103, 2010), which provides non‐contact in situ measurement of layer thickness at several sites on a sample in real time. Tests at 50 C with alkali (sodium hydroxide, pH 10.4–11) and three surfactant solutions indicated two removal mechanisms, related to the (1) roll‐up and (2) dispersion mechanisms reported for oily oils, namely (1) penetration of solvent at the soil–liquid interface, resulting in detachment of the soil layer as a coherent film, observed with linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (LAS) and Triton X‐100 and aqueous sodium hydroxide at pH 10.4–11; and (2) the breakdown promoted by the agent penetrating through the layer, observed with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), in which CTAB antagonised the cleaning action of LAS.
Inspire me to donate: The use of strength emotion in donation appeals
Authors: Liang Jianping , Chen Zengxiang , Lei Jing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPrevious research has shown that the use of negative emotions such as sadness in donation appeals can make people empathetic towards the donation target, increasing their tendency to donate (the “empathy‐helping” hypothesis). In this research we propose an “inspiration‐helping” hypothesis, and find that the positive emotion of strength can inspire people to donate. We show that combining the positive emotion of strength and the negative emotion of sadness is more effective as a means of persuading people to donate than the sadness‐dominating or the strength‐dominating emotion.
Relationships among Venericardia (Bivalvia: Carditidae) on the U.S. Coastal Plain during the Paleogene
Authors: McClure Kate J. , Lockwood Rowan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDespite the abundance and diversity of Venericardia bivalves on the U.S. Coastal Plain during the Paleogene, the evolutionary relationships within the genus remain unresolved. The primary objectives of this study were to reconstruct a phylogeny of Venericardia species, identify major clades within the genus, and determine whether groupings within traditional venericard classifications constitute monophyletic taxa. Fifty-one conchological characters were applied to 18 venericard and two outgroup species. Parsimony analysis produced three equally parsimonious trees and robustness was assessed through Bremer support and bootstrap values. The resultant trees indicate that the smooth-ribbed planicostate venericards are monophyletic, whereas the sharp-ribbed alticostate venericards are paraphyletic. Additionally, the original planicostate subtaxon, Venericor, is monophyletic whereas the original alticostate subtaxa, Claibornicardia, Glyptoactis, and Rotundicardia, are nonmonophyletic.
COMING TO TERMS WITH THE PAST: REWRITING HISTORY THROUGH A THERAPEUTIC PUBLIC DISCOURSE IN TURKEY
Authors: Kaya Duygu Gül 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article examines the growing interest in questions of memory, trauma, and justice in Turkey, with a special focus on the notion of “coming to terms with the past.” Through an analysis of key academic and popular texts published between 2002 and 2013, it argues that “coming to terms with the past” is a therapeutic public discourse that rewrites national history through the temporality of trauma. In other words, this discourse reconfigures the sequence of past, present, and future as the beginning, development, and end of a case of collective trauma, applying the psychotherapeutic terminology of victimhood, healing, and forgiveness to social realities. The article offers new perspective on existing debates over “coming to terms with the past” by analyzing the limits of this therapeutic discourse and by exploring the potential and open-endedness of the politics of memory in Turkey.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in a highly endemic area of Brazil
Authors: OLIVEIRA R. C. , SANT'ANA M. M. , GUTERRES A. , FERNANDES J. , HILLESHEIM N. L. F. K. , LUCINI C. , GOMES R. , LAMAS C. , BOCHNER R. , ZECCER S. , DE LEMOS E. R. S. 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYHantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is the most frequently reported fatal rodent-borne disease in Brazil, with the majority of cases occurring in Santa Catarina. We analysed the clinical, laboratory and epidemiological data of the 251 confirmed cases of HPS in Santa Catarina in 1999–2011. The number of cases ranged from 10 to 47 per year, with the highest incidences in 2004–2006. Gastrointestinal tract manifestations were found in >60% of the cases, potentially confounding diagnosis and leading to inappropriate therapy. Dyspnoea, acute respiratory failure, renal failure, increased serum creatinine and urea levels, increased haematocrits and the presence of pulmonary interstitial infiltrate were significantly more common in HPS patients who died. In addition, we demonstrated that the six cases from the midwest region of the state were associated with Juquitiba virus genotype. The case-fatality rate in this region, 19·2%, was lower than that recorded for other mesoregions. In the multivariate analysis increase of serum creatinine and urea was associated with death by HPS. Our findings help elucidate the epidemiology of HPS in Brazil, where mast seeding of bamboo can trigger rodent population eruptions and subsequent human HPS outbreaks. We also emphasize the need for molecular confirmation of the hantavirus genotype of human cases for a better understanding of the mortality-related factors associated with HPS cases in Brazil.