bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of family, friend and coworker social support and social undermining on weight gain prevention among adults
Authors: Wang Monica L. , Pbert Lori , Lemon Stephenie C. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveExamine longitudinal associations between sources of social support and social undermining for healthy eating and physical activity and weight change.MethodsData are from 633 employed adults participating in a cluster‐randomized multilevel weight gain prevention intervention. Primary predictors included social support and social undermining for two types of behaviors (healthy eating and physical activity) from three sources (family, friends, and coworkers) obtained via self‐administered surveys. The primary outcome (weight in kg) was measured by trained staff. Data were collected at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. Linear multivariable models examined the association of support and social undermining with weight over time, adjusting for intervention status, time, gender, age, education, and clustering of individuals within schools.ResultsAdjusting for all primary predictors and covariates, friend support for healthy eating (β = −0.15), coworker support for healthy eating (β = −0.11), and family support for physical activity (β = −0.032) were associated with weight reduction at 24 months (P‐values<0.05). Family social undermining for healthy eating was associated with weight gain at 24 months (β = 0.12;P = 0.0019).ConclusionsAmong adult employees, friend and coworker support for healthy eating and family support for physical activity predicted improved weight management. Interventions that help adults navigate family social undermining of healthy eating are warranted.
Monomer sequencing and microstructural analysis on polymers of dimethyl norbornene dicarboxylate and 7‐oxanorbornene dicarboxylic derivatives employing ruthenium catalysts by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization
Authors: Tallon Michael A. , Rogan Yulia , Marie Bilal , Clark Raymond , Musa Osama M. , Khosravi Ezat 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe physiochemical properties, comonomer sequencing, and regiospecificity of the linkages between monomeric units within homo/copolymers based on 5,6‐di‐substituted norbornene and 7‐oxanorbornene type monomers by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization are reported and correlated to their primary and secondary structural elements. In general, first‐generation Grubbs‐I1 ruthenium catalyst generates polymers with high trans content that exhibits an extended secondary structure with exo,exo substituents, whereas second‐generation Grubbs‐I2 catalyst produces polymers with high cis content that forms tight turns, resulting in a compact structure. Furthermore, I2‐produced polymers exhibit a high level of alternating cis–trans double bonds along their polymeric backbone. In stark contrast, both first‐ and second‐generation Grubbs catalysts display complete reversal in cis/trans selectivity when an oxygen atom is in position‐7 of the norbornene‐ring along with mono‐endo‐substitution in position‐5 or 6, and hence highlighting the importance of stereoelectronic complexation by the catalyst with the next incoming monomer for cis/trans selectivity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 2477–2501
One pot synthesis and gelation studies of amphiphilic triblock polyurethanes
Authors: Mondal Tathagata , Ghosh Suhrit 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThis article shows a generalized synthetic strategy to make amphiphilic ABA type triblock polyurethane (PU) in a SINGLE reaction pot. This is achieved by condensation polymerization between a hydrophobic diol and a di‐isocyanate in the presence of a polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (Mw = 2000 or 5000 g mol−1) as mono‐functional impurity. Using different ratios of the three reactants with a fixed parameter such that the total concentration of –OH = isocyanate, a series of PUs are produced with both the ends capped with PEG. These polymers show facile gelation ability in solvents like dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and dimethyl acetamide by H‐bonding interaction among the urethane groups. A comprehensive structure–property relationship study reveals importance of the right balance between the weight fractions of the soft and hard segments in self‐assembly and efficient gelation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 2502–2508
Characterization of human plasma proteome dynamics using deuterium oxide
Authors: Wang Ding , Liem David A. , Lau Edward , Ng Dominic C. M. , Bleakley Brian J. , Cadeiras Martin , Deng Mario C. , Lam Maggie P. Y. , Ping Peipei 
Published: June 2014

PurposeHigh‐throughput quantification of human protein turnover via in vivo administration of deuterium oxide (2H2O) is a powerful new approach to examine potential disease mechanisms. Its immediate clinical translation is contingent upon characterizations of the safety and hemodynamic effects of in vivo administration of 2H2O to human subjects.Experimental designWe recruited ten healthy human subjects with a broad demographic variety to evaluate the safety, feasibility, efficacy, and reproducibility of 2H2O intake for studying protein dynamics. We designed a protocol where each subject orally consumed weight‐adjusted doses of 70% 2H2O daily for 14 days to enrich body water and proteins with deuterium. Plasma proteome dynamics was measured using a high‐resolution MS method we recently developed.ResultsThis protocol was successfully applied in ten human subjects to characterize the endogenous turnover rates of 542 human plasma proteins, the largest such human dataset to‐date. Throughout the study, we did not detect physiological effects or signs of discomfort from 2H2O consumption.Conclusions and clinical relevanceOur investigation supports the utility of a 2H2O intake protocol that is safe, accessible, and effective for clinical investigations of large‐scale human protein turnover dynamics. This workflow shows promising clinical translational value for examining plasma protein dynamics in human diseases.
Maximum wind power generation in a power system imposed by system inertia and primary reserve requirements
Authors: Fernandez‐Bernal F. , Egido I. , Lobato E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAlthough the technology to simulate inertia or to provide primary control in wind power generators is mature, most of them are a source of power with neither inertia nor primary reserve provision mainly because it means wind spilling. Therefore, an increasing wind power penetration means a reduction in the inertia of the system and of the primary reserve due to the substitution of conventional generation. In this paper, the maximum wind power penetration focusing on system inertia and primary reserve value is assessed. The Spanish power system is used as an example for the calculation of these values. For this purpose, real Spanish scenario data are used. Results will show that high penetrations of wind power can be achieved without risking adequate values of primary reserve or inertia of the power system even if wind power does not contribute to these items. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors Shaping Initial Decision-Making to Self-test Amongst Cohabiting Couples in Urban Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Kumwenda Moses , Munthali Alister , Phiri Mackwellings , Mwale Daniel , Gutteberg Tore , MacPherson Eleanor , Theobald Sally , Corbett Liz , Desmond Nicola 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa, most new HIV infections occur in stable relationships, making couples testing an important intervention for HIV prevention. We explored factors shaping the decision-making of cohabiting couples who opted to self-test in Blantyre, Malawi. Thirty-four self-tested participants (17 couples) were interviewed. Motivators for HIV self-testing (HIVST) emerged at three main levels. Individual motivations included perceived benefits of access to treatment, and self-checking of serostatus in the hope of having been cured by prolonged treatment or faith-healing. HIVST was considered convenient, confidential, reassuring and an enabling new way to test with one’s partner. Partnership motivations included both positive (mutual encouragement) and negative (suspected infidelity) aspects. For women, long-term health and togetherness were important goals that reinforced motivations for couples testing, whereas men often needed persuasion despite finding HIVST more flexible and less onerous than facility-based testing. Internal conflict prompted some partners to use HIVST as a way of disclosing their previously concealed HIV positive serostatus. Thus, the implementation of community-based HIVST should acknowledge and appropriately respond to decision-making processes within couples, which are shaped by gender roles and relationship dynamics.
Comparison of Hand Emergency Triage before and after Specialty Templates (2007 vs. 2012)
Authors: Coady-Fariborzian Loretta , McGreane Amy 
Published: June 2014

Background Emergency hand service is a national problem both for civilian and veteran patients. The North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health system began coordinating emergency hand coverage within the plastic surgery service in 2008. Consult templates were designed to facilitate access to the appropriate service. Trainees were taken out of transfer decisions. Clinic templates were designed to fast track urgent patients to 8 a.m. appointments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of our templates and triage system. Methods All consults completed by the plastic surgery service were reviewed retrospectively. Emergent and urgent hand consults were identified. Time from consult submission to the patient being seen by the plastic surgery provider was recorded. Time frames were categorized as same day, next day, within 2 days, less than or equal to 7 days, and greater than 7 days. Type of emergency (trauma or infection) and treatment plan were noted. Results There were 1,090 consults in 2007 and 1,868 consults in 2012 that were completed by the plastic surgery service. We found the number of urgent and emergent hand consults increased by a factor of 6 (49 to 294). Furthermore, 16.3 % (8/49) of patients were seen greater than 1 week after consult submission in 2007, compared with 8.1 % (24/294) of patients in 2012. Only one patient from 2007 and two patients from 2012 went to the OR after regular operating room hours. Conclusion A well-coordinated effort to speed access for hand emergencies can minimize expenses and improve quality of care
Quantitative 3-Dimensional CT Analyses of Fractures of the Middle Phalanx Base
Authors: Janssen Stein J. , ter Meulen Dirk P. , Hageman Michiel G. J. S. , Earp Brandon E. , Ring David 
Published: June 2014

Background Quantitative 3-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) analyses can provide a more detailed understanding of fracture morphology. For fracture-dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint, the extent of fragmentation of the volar lip of the middle phalanx—a factor that might influence treatment—is not always apparent from radiographs. We hypothesized that there is no correlation between number of fracture fragments and the percentage of articular surface area involved in intra-articular fractures of the base of the middle phalanx using quantitative 3DCT analyses. Methods We used 13 computed tomography scans with a slice thickness of 1.25 mm or less to create 3-dimensional models of 15 intra-articular fractures of the base of the middle phalanx in 13 patients. We resized 3-dimensional models of a non-fractured middle phalanx of the same hand to fit the fractured middle phalanx in order to approximate the size and shape of the fractured middle phalanx in its pre-injury state. We created a heatmap to demonstrate the location of the fractured articular surface. Results With the number of scans available, we did not find a significant correlation between the percentage of articular surface area involved and the number of fracture fragments. The median percentage of articular surface area involved was 46 % (range, 21–90 %). The heatmap demonstrated that the radio-volar side of the articular surface seems to be more involved than the ulnar-volar side in intra-articular fractures of the base of the middle phalanx. Conclusion Quantitative 3DCT analysis of fracture fragments provides useful information that could facilitate surgery and analysis of complex fractures of the base of the middle phalanx. Level of Evidence: IV, Basic Science Study, Anatomic Study, Imaging.
Effect of Amino Acids on Micellization, Surface Activity and Micellar Properties of Nonionic Surfactant Hexadecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (25EO) in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Harutyunyan Lusine R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe effects of amino acids (dl‐glycine, dl‐alanine, dl‐phenylalanine, dl‐serine, l‐leucine, l‐aspartic acid, l‐lysine) on the micellization, surface activity, viscometric and aggregation properties of hexadecyl alcohol polyethoxylate (25EO) in aqueous solution were studied. The critical micelle concentration and free energy of micellization were evaluated and discussed. The surface excess concentration, the minimum area per molecule, the surface pressure at the critical micelle concentration and the standard free energy of adsorption were obtained from surface activity studies. On the basis of the determination of the relative viscosities on concentration, the viscosity B‐coefficients of the Jones–Dole semiempirical equation were calculated for the premicellar and postmicellar regions. The method of fluorescence quenching was used for determination of the micellar aggregation number of hexadecyl alcohol polyethoxylate (25EO) in aqueous solution in the presence of amino acids. It was found that among studied amino acids serine shows behavior that is different from that of the other neutral amino acids.
Disseminated Neoplasia in the Soft‐Shell Clam Mya arenaria: Membrane Lipid Composition and Functional Parameters of Circulating Cells
Authors: Le Grand Fabienne , Soudant Philippe , Siah Ahmed , Tremblay Réjean , Marty Yanic , Kraffe Edouard 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn a previous study we compared lipid composition and functional parameters of circulating cells from Cerastoderma edule affected or not by disseminated neoplasia (neoplastic cells vs hemocytes) (Le Grand et al. Chem Phys Lipids 167:9–20 2013). Neoplastic cells presented morpho‐functional modifications concomitant to striking membrane lipid alterations: the proportion of particular plasmalogen molecular species was drastically decreased. We wanted to test whether this pattern was representative of bivalve neoplastic cells. For the purpose, a similar study was conducted on another bivalve species affected by disseminated neoplasia, the soft‐shell clam (Mya arenaria). Although total reactive oxygen species production was unaffected, M. arenaria neoplastic cells presented some functional alterations: phagocytosis activity was reduced by 33 %. However, lipid compositions were not drastically altered. Particularly, sterol and plasmalogen levels did not differ between both cell types (about 43 % of membrane lipids and 35 % of phospholipids, respectively in hemocytes and neoplastic cells). This could be related to the fact that disseminated neoplasia was not related to hemolymph cell proliferation in M. arenaria (0.9 ± 0.2 106cell mL−1, considering both healthy and neoplastic clams, n = 6). Nevertheless this study highlighted minor but specific alterations of membrane lipid composition in M. arenaria neoplastic cells. The only phospholipid subclass in which the fatty acid profile strongly differed between both cell types was serine plasmalogen (PlsSer), with neoplastic cells presenting lower specific enrichment of 20:1n‐11 in PlsSer. Such specific alteration of membrane lipid composition strengthened the assumption of an implication of key plasmalogen molecular species in this leukemia‐like disease in bivalves.
A Novel Assay of DGAT Activity Based on High Temperature GC/MS of Triacylglycerol
Authors: Greer Michael S. , Zhou Ting , Weselake Randall J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDiacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the final step in the acyl‐CoA‐dependent biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG), a high‐energy compound composed of three fatty acids esterified to a glycerol backbone. In vitro DGAT assays, which are usually conducted with radiolabeled substrate using microsomal fractions, have been useful in identifying compounds and genetic modifications that affect DGAT activity. Here, we describe a high‐temperature gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS)‐based method for monitoring molecular species of TAG produced by the catalytic action of microsomal DGAT. This method circumvents the need for radiolabeled or modified substrates, and only requires a simple lipid extraction prior to GC. The utility of the method is demonstrated using a recombinant type‐1 Brassica napus DGAT produced in a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisae that is deficient in TAG synthesis. The GC/MS‐based assay of DGAT activity was strongly correlated with the typical in vitro assay of the enzyme using [1‐14C] acyl‐CoA as an acyl donor. In addition to determining DGAT activity, the method is also useful for determining substrate specificity and selectivity properties of the enzyme.
Spectrum of operative childhood intra-articular shoulder pathology
Authors: Edmonds Eric W. , Roocroft Joanna H. , Parikh Shital N. 
Published: June 2014

Purpose With increased sports participation and medical community awareness, there appears to be an increase in pediatric musculoskeletal injuries. Our purpose was to identify the intra-articular injury pattern seen within the pediatric shoulder. Methods A retrospective review was performed at two tertiary-care children's hospitals between 2008 and 2011 on all patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and subsequent shoulder arthroscopy. Exclusion criteria included: girls >14 years old and boys >16 years old. Demographics, MRI and arthroscopic findings were recorded. Labral pathology was grouped: Zone I (Bankart lesions, 3–6 o'clock for right shoulder), Zone II (posterior labral lesions, 6–11 o'clock), Zone III (SLAP lesions, 11–1 o'clock), and Zone IV (anatomic variants, 1–3 o'clock). Results One hundred and fifteen children met criteria, mean age 14.4 years (range 8–16). There were 24 girls and 91 boys, with 70 right shoulders. Of 108 children, labral pathology involved: 72 Zone I (16 isolated anterior), 56 Zone II (15 isolated posterior), 38 Zone III (four isolated superior), and three had an isolated Buford complex. Seventy had more than one labral zone injured, and 31 (30 %) had more than two zones injured. Non-labral pathology included partial rotator cuff tears and humeral avulsions of the glenohumeral ligament. Conclusion With 94 % of intra-articular pathology being labral tears, the distribution of proportion in children differs from adults; moreover, 23 % involved only the posterior or posterosuperior labrum. Treating surgeons should be prepared to find anterior tears extending beyond the zone of a classic Bankart lesion and an association with C rotator cuff tears.
Imprinting methylation errors in ART
Authors: Hiura Hitoshi , Okae Hiroaki , Chiba Hatsune , Miyauchi Naoko , Sato Fumi , Sato Akiko , Arima Takahiro 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThere has been an increase in incidence reports of rare imprinting disorders associated with assisted reproductive technology (ART). ART, including in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injections, is an important treatment for infertile people of reproductive age and increasingly produces children. The identification of epigenetic changes at imprinted loci in ART infants has led to the suggestion that ART techniques themselves may predispose embryos to acquire imprinting errors and diseases. In this review, we note that the particular steps of ART may be prone to induction of imprinting methylation errors during gametogenesis, fertilization and early embryonic development. In addition, we explain imprint‐associated diseases and their causes. Moreover, from a Japanese nationwide epidemiological study of imprint‐associated diseases, we determine their associations with ART. Epigenetic studies will be required to understand the pathogenesis, ART‐related risk factor(s) and what precautions can be taken to prevent the occurrence of input methylation errors. We hope that the constitution of children born after each ART procedure will reveal the safest and most ethical approach to use, which will be invaluable for the future development of standard ART.
Resolving confusions about jarrah dieback - don’t forget the plants
Authors: Davison E. M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The name jarrah dieback has been used for two different disorders, leading to considerable confusion. It was coined in the 1940s to describe the sudden death of groups of jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) trees in south western Western Australia, which occurred on poorly drained sites, following exceptionally heavy rainfall. In the 1960s these sites were shown to be infested by Phytophthora cinnamomi and jarrah deaths were attributed to it, even though it was only isolated from 5 % of sampled trees. Also the definition of jarrah dieback was expanded to include deaths of many other plants on infested sites, from which P. cinnamomi was more readily isolated. Jarrah trees die from severe water deficiency, indicating problems with water conduction through roots. Xylem vessel diameters vary along roots, being narrow at the root collar, while distally they are larger, providing water storage. Jarrah transpires vigorously during summer, accessing water at depth on sites with deep soil, but being more dependent on internally stored water when root systems are shallower. Following waterlogging, sapwood vessels become blocked with tyloses, reducing both conductivity and potential water storage; such trees may have insufficient water reserves for summer survival. In jarrah P. cinnamomi is unlikely to cause water deficiency because sapwood invasion is rapidly contained in healthy roots. Recent investigations into P. cinnamomi invasion and host responses in other plants show that it can potentially cause a vascular wilt in Banksia spp. and chronic, symptomless infections in herbaceous plants. Susceptibility to waterlogging damage, and/or mortality resulting from infection by P. cinnamomi can only be clarified by detailed knowledge of the hosts and their vulnerabilities. This is essential for making diagnoses, devising management strategies, and avoiding the confusions of the past.
Hydrodynamic effect on the superlubricity of phosphoric acid between ceramic and sapphire
Authors: Deng Mingming , Zhang Chenhui , Li Jinjin , Ma Liran , Luo Jianbin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this work, a super-low friction coefficient of 0.003 was found between a silicon nitride ball and a sapphire plate lubricated by phosphoric acid solution. The wear mainly occurred in the running-in period and disappeared after superlubricity was achieved. The friction coefficient was effectively reduced from 0.3 to 0.003 at a constant speed of 0.076 m/s, accompanied by a 12-nm-thickness film. The lubrication regime was indicated to change from boundary lubrication in the running-in period to elastohydrodynamic lubrication in the superlubricity period, which is also supported by the results of the friction coefficient versus sliding speed. In addition, the experimental results showed good agreement with theoretical calculations based on the elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory, suggesting a significant hydrodynamic effect of phosphoric acid on superlubricity.