bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of risk-taking behavior, leadership effectiveness, intelligence, ability to handle stress in college-going students, and effect of self-control on these parameters
Authors: Singh Mohita , Sachdev Sunil , Singh Amrita 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Human intelligence is the intellectual prowess of humans, which is marked by high cognition, motivation, and self-awareness. Leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to achieve common goals. Risk-taking is conscious or nonconscious controlled behavior with perceived uncertainty about its outcome. The present study was designed to assess the risk-taking ability of an individual that is required to be a good leader along with intelligence, ability to handle stress, and the effect of self-control on these parameters.

Materials and Methods:
The study was performed in two phases. In the first phase, the subjects were asked to fill risk-taking questionnaire, and their leadership effectiveness and intelligence levels were assessed. Their basal level of stress parameters and Stroop test were assessed. A stressor was introduced and stress parameters, Stroop test were again assessed. In the second phase of the study, the subjects were asked to practice moderate-intensity physical activity for 15 days and its effect was seen on all the above parameters.

Results:
Statistically significant and nonsignificant differences were obtained on comparison between baseline and poststress values; and also between baseline and postexercise values in all the three groups namely high-risk takers, moderate risk-takers and nonrisk takers at different level of significance. Comparison between first phase and second phase of the study yielded significant and non-significant results.

Conclusion:
Self-control improves leadership effectiveness. Exercise helps reduce stress response that aids in better decision-making quality required for being a leader.
Efficacy of allogenic bone block graft in maxillary alveolar ridge reconstruction: A systematic review
Authors: Purohit Aishwarya Ramkishan , Kolte Rajashri Abhay , Kolte Abhay Pandurang , Lathiya Vrushali Nilesh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground:The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the efficiency of allogenic bone block grafts for maxillary alveolar ridge reconstruction.Materials and Methods:An electronic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. In addition, manual searching was done. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective clinical trials (non-RCTs) up to December 2022, presenting the outcomes of allogenic bone blocks in maxillary alveolar ridge reconstruction, were identified. The rate of resorption, survival rate of implants, and formation of new bone following ridge augmentation were the outcome parameters. The quality assessment of the studies included was done using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool.Results:A total of 13 studies that matched the inclusion criteria were included. The average rate of bone resorption ranged from 0.2 to 29.2 mm, with an implant survival rate of 96.87% across the included investigations. On an average, 25.83 mm (18.6–33/mm) of new mature compact osseous tissue was discovered, including viable osteocytes in close contact with the remnant cancellous bone.Conclusion:According to the results of the current systematic review, using allogenic bone block graft for reconstruction of atrophic maxillae appears to be an effective and reliable bone substitute for reconstruction of atrophic maxillae.
Serum 25 hydroxycholecalciferol in periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus – A socioeconomic and clinicobiochemical study in Chhattisgarh
Authors: Gazala M. P. , Mishra Supriya , Gupta Vineeta , Rahman Waheda , Khiraiya Nupoor , Dahiya Sheetal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Very few studies have examined the impact of the concurrent presence of periodontitis (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on serum Vitamin D levels, particularly in developing nations like India, and needs further investigation.

Aim:
This study aims to assess the relationship between serum Vitamin D values and PD in T2DM patients and to study the correlation between socioeconomic and demographic variables that influence the serum Vitamin D levels and the extent of PD in patients with T2DM.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based research. Medical, dental, and diet histories were obtained from the participants, and their socioeconomic status (SES) was determined. Clinical parameters – plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), sites with gingival bleeding, probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were compared among three groups -patients with generalized Stage III Grade B PD with T2DM (n=35), patients with generalized stage III Grade B PD (n=35) and healthy controls (n=35) and the clinical parameters - plaque index(PI), gingival index(GI), sites with gingival bleeding, probing pocket depth(PPD), and clinical attachment level(CAL) were measured. Biochemical tests included the evaluation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D) and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels.

Statistical Analysis:
Periodontal and biochemical parameters were compared using a one-way analysis of variance across the three groups. The association between clinical parameters, SES, and 25(OH)D was examined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient test and linear regression analysis.

Results:
The serum 25(OH)D levels were lowest in the subjects with generalized Stage III Grade B PD with T2DM (13.54 ± 3.31 ng/mL). Furthermore, there was a significant (P < 0.01) negative correlation between serum 25(OH)D and periodontal parameters, PI (−0.442), PPD (−0.474), CAL (−0.459), sites with gingival bleeding (−0.354), and GI (−0.346) among the groups. The regression analyses showed that an increase in periodontal parameters (PI, GI, PPD, and CAL) and a higher HbA1c was linked to a lower 25(OH)D. However, the periodontal parameters and 25(OH)D levels showed no correlation with socioeconomic and demographic parameters in the study.

Conclusion:
Serum Vitamin D values are negatively influenced by the synergistic effect of PD and T2DM or by the presence of PD alone. However, the association of SES on serum Vitamin D values in individuals with PD and T2DM or PD alone could not be demonstrated.
Osteogenic assessment of leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin and injectable platelet-rich fibrin in the human osteosarcoma MG – 63 cell line in chronic periodontitis patients: An in vitro study
Authors: Dolly A. Sheryl , Rajula Prem Blaisie , Shankar P. L. Ravi , Lochini S. , Rashik Mohamed , Raja Sindhujaa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
The burgeoning interest in implant and regenerative dental care has led to a notable upsurge in the utilization of regenerative modalities. The intent of the present investigation was to evaluate the osteogenic ability of two different concentrated platelet groups at various concentrations in the human osteosarcoma MG–63 cell line.

Materials and Methods:
Blood samples from 21 volunteers with chronic periodontitis were collected which were then centrifuged in accordance with the protocols of Choukroun et al. and Miron et al. to produce leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and injectable platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF), respectively. Following MG-63 cell culture, the osteogenic ability of 0, 4%, and 20% concentrations of both L-PRF and I-PRF were determined using the real-time polymerase chain reaction assay.

Results:
The results showed that 20% I-PRF (1.52 ± 0.24) and 4% L-PRF (1.42 ± 0.37) had the highest amount of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and osteocalcin, respectively.

Conclusion:
I-PRF appears to promote the initial differentiation of cells.
The Relationship between Maternal anti-A\-B Titers and the Severity of Positive Direct Antiglobulin Test ABO-Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn in a Syrian Population
Authors: Mahfood Mohamad A. , Alshemali Suzanne , AWAMA Mohamad Ayman 
Published: August 2024

AIMS:
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal anti-A\-B titers and the values of hemoglobin and indirect bilirubin in ABO-hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO-HDN) afflicted newborns and to develop a cutoff of total and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies for treatment needs in neonates in Latakia.

STUDY DESIGN:
A case–control study of 40 positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) neonates who were ABO incompatible with their mothers and 20 healthy DAT-negative ABO incompatible neonates. Total and IgG anti-A\-B titers were compared between the two groups, and their correlation with newborns' hemoglobin and indirect bilirubin and the need for treatment were evaluated.

RESULTS:
Both the maternal anti-A\-B total and IgG titers in the ABO-HDN group were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0001). A significant correlation between maternal IgG titers and indirect bilirubin was found, but not between total antibody titers and indirect bilirubin. A negative correlation between total and IgG titers and hemoglobin was also documented. The IgG cutoff value for ABO-HDN incidence and the need for treatment was 128 with sensitivity and specificity of 92.5% and 95%, and the total antibodies cutoff value was 64, with a sensitivity and specificity of 62.5% and 90%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
Maternal total and IgG anti-A\-B can be an important prediction for the occurrence of ABO-HDN and evaluation of the neonates' hyperbilirubinemia after birth. Therefore, the routine detection of the titer of these antibodies and especially in mothers who have a high antibodies titer and a record of a previous jaundiced neonate can be an additional step in the ABO-HDN assessment of neonate.
Do We Need Local Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Immune Thrombocytopenia in Iraq?
Authors: Mjali Ahmed , Matti Bassam Francis , Abbas Nareen Tawfeeq , Abood Nassrullah Hassan Ali , Naji Alaadin Sahham , Alwan Alaa Fadhil , Al-Tameemi Waseem Fadhil , Jaleel Al-Shammari Haider Hasan , Saleh Tareq Abdullah , Al Qayyim Mohammed Kamil , Mohammed Amer Shareef 
Published: August 2024

AIMS:
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), also known as immune thrombocytopenic purpura, is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a low platelet count in the blood. This study aimed to assess the health infrastructure in Iraq regarding the diagnosis and management of patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), with a focus on the use of guidelines in ITP management.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
This was a cross-sectional study carried out between October and November 2022 to assess ITP diagnosis, management, and the use of guidelines in 18 governorates in Iraq.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Invited to this study were 79 hematologists who were registered in the Iraqi Society of Hematology and who practiced in the 18 governorates. Out of the 79 hematologists, 65 participated in this survey. Data were collected using a questionnaire.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
IBM SPSS 28 for Windows was used for the analysis and Microsoft Excel was used for creating the graphs. Descriptive statistics were presented in the form of numbers and percentages as all variables were categorical.

RESULTS:
The most requested routine tests were manual assessment of platelet count (83.1%), blood film (98.5%), virology screen (90.9%), connective tissue screen (85.9%), and prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time (78.5%). More than 80% of the hematologists request bone marrow aspiration for the patients who have no response to the first-line treatment. Only the genetic test and the quantitative immunoglobulin level testing were available in the private sector both by (100%), while the other tests were available in both sectors. More than 85% treat the patients as outpatients. Active bleeding, not platelet count, was the indication for hospitalization for 60% of the hematologists. Corticosteroids were chosen as the first choice as initial treatment by (93.8%), intravenous immunoglobulin the second choice by (6.2%). In the second-line treatment, rituximab was chosen as the first choice by (75.3%), and eltrombopag as the second choice (65%). Only 83% of the hematologists referred to a guideline, and the American Society of Hematology guideline was the most referred to.

CONCLUSIONS:
These results showed the need to establish national guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Immune Thrombocytopenia in Iraq to be able to effectively treat the laboratory findings and physical symptoms of ITP in addition to address the patient's emotional and mental health needs.
Evaluation of the Serum Level of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major and Sickle/Beta-Thalassemia, and its Correlation with Clinical and Laboratory Parameters
Authors: Abdul Mohsin Sara Anmar , Al-Bayaa Israa M. , Al-Badran Ihsan Mardan 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
The most prevalent inherited disorders of red blood cells are hemoglobinopathies, with thalassemia and sickle cell diseases (SCDs) being the most common. In SCD and thalassemia major, angiogenesis has been identified as a substantial contributor to vascular-mediated tissue damage. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the master regulator of angiogenesis. This study aims to assess the circulating level of serum VEGF in beta-thalassemia (β-thal) and sickle β-thal patients and also to explore the correlation with clinical and laboratory data.

PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 80 individuals, clinical data were gathered, complete blood count, serum ferritin, and serum VEGF tests were done.

RESULTS:
Patients' age ranged from 1.5 to 17.5 years, males formed (70%). Platelet count was significantly higher in β-thal compared to sickle/β-thal (S/β-thal) patients, with a P = 0.015. Mean serum ferritin in patients was significantly higher in β-thal compared to S/β-thal patients, P < 0.001. Patients' serum VEGF levels were noticeably higher than controls with P = 0.01. Strong positive correlation of serum VEGF with platelet count among the patients (r = 0.603, P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was observed between serum VEGF and the age of starting chelation therapy in thalassemic patients (r = 0.475, P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONS:
Serum VEGF levels were significantly higher in patients compared to healthy controls, and there is a significant positive correlation between serum VEGF levels and the age at which iron chelation therapy was initiated as well as between serum VEGF levels and platelet counts in patients.
Risk Factors for Cardiac Involvement in Children with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Chinchilu R. V. , Narayanan Kiran , Joseph Susy , Krishnan A. S. Ajith 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Our study aims to investigate the association between cardiac involvement in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and the patient’s epidemiological, clinical, and investigative profile. Identifying such associations could facilitate the early detection and management of cardiac complications, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted as a prospective observational study at SAT Hospital, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. It included all children aged 0–12 years admitted during the study period who met the criteria for the diagnosis of MIS-C as per the guidelines provided by the World Health Organization. Exclusion criteria comprised children with a confirmed alternative diagnosis, preexisting heart disease, and those whose parents declined consent for participation. Despite aiming for a sample size of 55 based on previous studies, only 50 samples were obtained within the study period. Ethical considerations were met and no funding was involved in our study. A well-structured pro forma was used for data collection.

Results:
Our study included 50 children aged under 12 years, with a median age of 7 years, and an interquartile range of 4.6 years. Of these participants, 54% were male, and the remaining 46% were female. According to the operational definition utilized in our study, 62% of the children exhibited cardiac involvement, while 38% had a normal cardiac status. In our investigation, the median values for C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were found to be 10 mg/dl and 60 mm/h, respectively. Furthermore, the median platelet count was observed to be 1.87 lakhs/mm3, while the median absolute lymphocyte count was recorded as 1472 cells/mm3. Serum albumin and NT-pro BNP were identified to have a statistically significant association with cardiac involvement, exhibiting significance at the 1% level.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that serum albumin and NT-pro BNP have a statistically significant association with cardiac involvement in MIS-C. Furthermore, hemodynamic instability in MIS-C may result primarily from vasculopathy rather than cardiac dysfunction.
Prognostic Significance of Left Atrial Volume Index in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Bhupal V. S. R. , Kumar Sampath 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and increased left atrial volume index (LAVI) have worse long-term prognosis. The present study was designed to evaluate the association between LAVI and the clinical characteristics of the patients with ACS at admission and at follow-up.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care center in India between April 2018 and December 2019. A total of 80 patients (aged >18 years) having chest pain or its equivalent with a diagnosis of ACS were enrolled as the case group and 30 healthy controls (aged >18 years) were enrolled as the control group. The case group was further classified into two groups based on LAVI values (i.e., LAVI <31 mL/m2 and LAVI ≥31 mL/m2). Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, and echocardiographic characteristics were recorded of all the patients at admission. The patients were followed up at 1 month and 6 months.

Results:
The mean age of the case group was 54.7 ± 11.6 years and males were predominant (78.8%). Mean LAVI was 31.1 ± 9.0 mL/m2 in the case group and 24.2 ± 3.1 mL/m2 in the control group. Grade II (30%) and Grade III diastolic dysfunction (30%) were predominant in patients with LAVI ≥31 mL/m2. At 1-month follow-up, mortality was reported in 2 (5%) patients with LAVI <31 mL/m2 and in 5 (12.5%) patients with LAVI ≥31 mL/m2, whereas there was no mortality at 6-months follow-up. A positive correlation was observed between LAVI and E/e’ (P = 0.001), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (P = 0.001), and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (P = 0.001). The area under the curve for detection of mortality based on LAVI values was 0.776 (95% confidence interval of 0.692–0.860; P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
The present study demonstrated that LAVI acts as a prognostic marker of adverse events and mortality in patients with ACS.
Correlation of diaphragmatic mobility and thickening assessed by lung ultrasound with severity of interstitial lung disease
Authors: Banerjee Saikat , Sanjan Ganesh , Sharma Prakhar , Prakash S , Sherwani Poonam , Sindhwani Girish 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Studies conducted in interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients to assess diaphragmatic excursion and thickening fraction suggest a weak to strong correlation with pulmonary function parameters. However, diaphragmatic excursion velocity, a novel imaging marker, has not been correlated with pulmonary function and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) fibrosis score in ILD patients previously.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study in 40 ILD patients during quiet (QB) and deep breathing (DB) to measure diaphragmatic thickening, excursion and excursion velocity using transthoracic ultrasound and correlated them with pulmonary function parameters and HRCT fibrosis score.

Results:
Most diaphragm parameters in DB correlated more strongly with lung function parameters compared to quiet breathing. Right diaphragmatic excursion, during QB and DB, showed positive correlations with forced vital capacity (FVC) z-score (r = 0.591, 0.676) and diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) z-score (r = 0.437, 0.438), and negative correlations with HRCT fibrosis score (r = −0.439, −0.425), respectively. In addition, right diaphragmatic velocity exhibited positive correlations with FVC z-score (r = 0.388, 0.667) and DLCO
z-score (r = 0.139, 0.412), and negative correlations with HRCT fibrosis score (r = −0.454, −0.445). Right diaphragm thickening fraction showed positive correlations with FVC z-score (r = 0.330, 0.460) and DLCO
z-score (r = 0.400, 0.426), and negative correlations with HRCT fibrosis score (r = −0.199, −0.237). Similarly, right diaphragmatic thickness indicated positive correlations with FVC z-score (r = 0.526, 0.614) and DLCO
z-score (r = 0.298, 0.298), and negative correlations with HRCT fibrosis score (r = −0.398, −0.401).

Conclusion:
Diaphragmatic excursion velocity during DB showed a weak to moderate correlation with pulmonary function parameters and HRCT fibrosis score and may be utilized as a surrogate marker in ILD patients unable to perform pulmonary function tests or undergo sequential HRCT thorax in follow-up.
Assessment of obstructive airway disease in the multicenter SWORD survey India
Authors: Singh Sheetu , Sharma Bharat Bhushan , Sharma Arvind Kumar , Singh Nishtha , Singh Aradhana , Sharma Krishna Kumar , Mahmood Tariq , Samaria Kumar Utsav , Sundaramurthy A. , Kant Surya , Singh Tejraj , Koul Parvaiz A. , Singh Virendra ,   SWORD study group*
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
The study aimed to assess the control of asthma and the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and evaluate the adequacy of treatment in patients presenting to the outpatient department (OPD) across India. The secondary aim was to assess the risk factors associated with poorly controlled asthma and severe COPD.

Materials and Methods:
This is the analysis of Phase IV of the multicenter questionnaire-based point prevalence SWORD survey, conducted in May 2018, and designed to capture details on disease control and treatment as per the global initiative for asthma and the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease guidelines.

Results:
Of the 5,311 respiratory disease patients presenting to the OPD, there were 1,419 and 412 patients with asthma and COPD, respectively, across 290 sites in India. There were 1,022 (72%) patients having well-controlled asthma, 293 (20.6%) patients with partly controlled asthma, and 104 (7.4%) patients with poorly controlled asthma. Of the 412 patients with COPD, there were 307 (74.5%) in A, 54 (13.1%) in B, and 51 (12.4%) in the E category. In spite of poor control or severe disease, 34.8% of asthmatic and 25.7% of patients in the B and E categories of COPD were not using any medicine. Risk factors for partly and poorly controlled asthma included rain wetting (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–2.47) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (AOR: 1.50, 95%CI: 1.08–2.10).

Conclusion:
This study identifies a gap in the treatment of both poorly controlled asthma and severe COPD. A substantial number of patients had poorly controlled asthma and severe COPD, and many were either not taking treatment or taking it inappropriately.