bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The EPIC study: a lesson to learn
Authors: Auerswald G. , Kurnik K. , Aledort L. M. , Chehadeh H. , Loew‐Baselli A. , Steinitz K. , Reininger A. J. ,   the EPIC clinical study group
Published: April 2015

IntroductionInhibitory antibodies to factor VIII occur in about 30% of previously untreated patients (PUPs) and are the most serious complication of haemophilia A. It is unclear why some patients develop inhibitors and others do not.AimsThe Early Prophylaxis Immunologic Challenge (EPIC) study was designed to test the hypothesis that inhibitor incidence in PUPs with severe or moderately severe haemophilia A could be reduced when a once‐weekly FVIII prophylaxis starts with 25 IU kg−1 rAHF‐PFM before 1 year of age and immunological danger signals are minimized.MethodsThese signals were minimized by avoiding: surgery; the first FVIII infusion during severe bleeding or an infection; central venous access devices and administering vaccinations intramuscularly 3–4 days before or after FVIII.ResultsEight of the 19 treated subjects (42.1%) developed confirmed inhibitors. Eleven of the 19 treated subjects were PUPs without any prior exposure to FVIII. Three of them (27.3%) developed a confirmed inhibitor together with FVIII‐binding antibodies. The study was stopped because the likelihood to reach the primary objective was minimal, a decision endorsed by the data safety monitoring board.ConclusionBecause of early termination, the EPIC study hypothesis could not be corroborated. Nonetheless, our data analyses indicate that the current definition of an inhibitor only based on plasma inhibitor activity ≥0.6 BU mL−1 may not always reflect the presence of FVIII‐neutralizing antibodies. The findings of this study teach us that low‐level inhibitor activity results need in addition a confirmatory test and/or the assessment of the therapeutic response.
The Modern Woman as Global Exemplar, Part II: Florence Nightingale and a Transnational Gendered Modernity
Authors: Reeves Caroline 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis essay examines the late 19th‐century/early 20th‐century global process of cooptation and incorporation of foreign moral exemplars into local compendia of “Women Worthies.” Presenting a case study of the early 20th‐century adoption of Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) as a new Woman Worthy in China, Egypt, and the Anglo‐American sphere, I investigate the introduction of previously unknown female figures into local collections of biographies of eminent women. My work suggests new lines of research into global processes of continuity and change, and posits socio‐cultural commonplaces of the early “global modern” revealed by these transnational stories and their ubiquity. In investigating the oft‐told story of Florence Nightingale, this paper uncovers the intersection between transnational processes of gender definition and the local constitution of a global, gendered modernity and calls for similar studies in other world areas.
The Modern Woman as Global Exemplar, Part I: Biographies of Women Worthies
Authors: Reeves Caroline 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe literary genre of “Biographies of Women Worthies” exists across the globe, historically and analytically important. This essay examines the potential this genre of writing holds for scholars of world and transnational history, particularly those who wish to incorporate gender and cultural studies into their work. I focus on the late 19th‐/early 20th‐century global process of cooptation and incorporation of foreign moral exemplars into local compendia of eminent women and suggest avenues for cross‐area research to expand the field of World History.
The Crown and the Veil: Titles, Spiritual Kinship, and Diplomacy in Tenth‐Century Bulgaro–Byzantine Relations
Authors: Mladjov Ian 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWhen it comes to diplomatic relations, the phrase “too close for comfort” perfectly describes the relationship between the medieval Byzantine and Bulgarian states in the Balkan peninsula. In the early 10th century, shortly after Bulgaria's conversion to the Eastern rite of Christianity, the two states engaged in a bloody and lengthy conflict over not just territory and wealth but also over the now exacerbated issues of diplomatic equality and prestige. Marching on Constantinople, the Bulgarian monarch Simeon I demanded the imperial title itself and was partly accommodated by the Ecumenical patriarch Nicholas I in an idiosyncratic ceremony that has caused much debate among Byzantinists and Slavicists. This study explores the main features of the historiographical debate and attempts to find the correct answers in the testimony of the relevant sources. And while the incident under investigation might appear self‐contained, it lies at the heart of a major preoccupation of Byzantine diplomacy: Byzantium's monopoly on the political heritage of Rome and the Roman imperial title. Correctly interpreted and compared to Byzantium's diplomatic relations with the Frankish ruler Charlemagne, Simeon's recognition as a non‐Roman emperor and peer of his Byzantine counterpart in 913 suggests a pattern of grudging and incomplete accommodation designed to guarantee both the safety and the identity of the Byzantine Empire.
Microcystic stromal tumour of the ovary: frequent mutations of β‐catenin (CTNNB1) in six cases
Authors: Bi Rui , Bai Qian‐Ming , Yang Fei , Wu Li‐Jing , Cheng Yu‐Fan , Shen Xu‐Xia , Cai Xu , Zhou Xiao‐Yan , Yang Wen‐Tao 
Published: April 2015

AimsTo analyse the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and β‐catenin (CTNNB1) mutation characteristics of six cases of microcystic stromal tumour of the ovary (MCST).Methods and resultsSix Chinese patients with MCST who ranged in age from 29 to 69 years (mean 50 years) were included in the study. Five patients were detected with a pelvic mass during routine health examinations and one patient presented initially with opsomenorrhoea. All tumours involved the left ovary, with solid‐cystic cut surface in five cases and cystic cut surface in one case. Microscopically, microcysts, solid nests and hyaline degenerated fibrous stroma were variably mixed. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells in all cases were diffusely positive for CD10, vimentin and WT‐1 and negative for α‐inhibin and calretinin. β‐catenin expression was observed in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm in five cases and only in the cytoplasm in one case. The results of CTNNB1 mutation analysis revealed four missense point mutations in four cases, which were c.97T>C, c.101G>A, c.110C>G and c.122C>T.ConclusionsMCST shows a unique morphology with characteristic immunophenotype. β‐catenin expression in the nucleus and β‐catenin mutations were identified in the majority of cases, which suggests that the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway may play a crucial role in the tumorigenesis of MCST.
Effect of biodegradable film (lyophilised alga Fucus spiralis and sorbic acid) on quality properties of refrigerated megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis)
Authors: García‐Soto Bibiana , Miranda José M. , Rodríguez‐Bernaldo de Quirós Ana , Sendón Raquel , Rodríguez‐Martínez Ana V. , Barros‐Velázquez Jorge , Aubourg Santiago P. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe effect of replacing the on‐board currently employed polyethylene film by a novel type of environmentally friendly packaging was studied. For it, a polylactic acid (PLA) biodegradable film including lyophilised alga Fucus spiralis and sorbic acid was applied during megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) refrigeration and its effect on fish quality loss was evaluated. Thus, sensory assessment showed that samples wrapped up with PLA film including 8% alga and 1% sorbic acid were still acceptable on day 11, while control fish specimens (kept under polyethylene film) were rejected at that time. Under such biodegradable film condition, a preservative effect was also implied according to chemical indices assessment related to microbial activity (trimethylamine–N) and lipid oxidation development (peroxide and fluorescent compounds formation); additionally, lower mean numbers for different microbiological groups (aerobes, Enterobacteriaceae and psychrotrophs) were detected. This result provides a promising replacement strategy to enhance refrigerated fish quality and reduce the waste material content.
Crystal Structure and Thermodynamic Stability of Ba/Ti‐Substituted Pollucites for Radioactive Cs/Ba Immobilization
Authors: Xu Hongwu , Chavez Manuel E. , Mitchell Jeremy N. , Garino Terry J. , Schwarz Haiqing L. , Rodriguez Mark A. , Rademacher David X. , Nenoff Tina M. 
Published: April 2015

As an analogue of the mineral pollucite (CsAlSi2O6), CsTiSi2O6.5 is a potential host phase for radioactive Cs. However, as 137Cs and 135Cs transmute to 137Ba and 135Ba, respectively, through the beta decay, it is essential to study the structure and stability of this phase upon Cs → Ba substitution. In this work, two series of Ba/Ti‐substituted samples, CsxBa(1−x)/2TiSi2O6.5 and CsxBa1−xTiSi2O7−0.5x, (x = 0.9 and 0.7), were synthesized by high‐temperature crystallization from their respective precursors. Synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis reveal that while CsxBa(1−x)/2TiSi2O6.5 samples are phase‐pure, CsxBa1−xTiSi2O7−0.5x samples contain Cs3x/(2+x)Ba(1−x)/(2+x)TiSi2O6.5 pollucites (i.e., also two‐Cs‐to‐one‐Ba substitution) and a secondary phase, fresnoite (Ba2TiSi2O8). Thus, the CsxBa1−xTiSi2O7−0.5x series is energetically less favorable than CsxBa(1−x)/2TiSi2O6.5. To study the stability systematics of CsxBa(1−x)/2TiSi2O6.5 pollucites, high‐temperature calorimetric experiments were performed at 973 K with or without the lead borate solvent. Enthalpies of formation from the constituent oxides (and elements) have thus been derived. The results show that with increasing Ba/(Cs + Ba) ratio, the thermodynamic stability of these phases decreases with respect to their component oxides. Hence, from the energetic viewpoint, continued Cs → Ba transmutation tends to destabilize the parent silicotitanate pollucite structure. However, the Ba‐substituted pollucite co‐forms with fresnoite (which incorporates the excess Ba), thereby providing viable ceramic waste forms for all the Ba decay products.
Unexpected warming‐induced growth decline in Thuja occidentalis at its northern limits in North America
Authors: Housset Johann M. , Girardin Martin P. , Baconnet Mathieu , Carcaillet Christopher , Bergeron Yves 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimTowards the cold margins of the Northern Hemisphere boreal zone, continuing warming should theoretically provide a longer vegetative season, favouring growth and a northward shift in tree species distribution. The northern distribution of Thuja occidentalis L. (eastern white cedar) is marked by the presence of isolated marginal populations distant from the continuous distribution. If those populations proved to be well adapted to their future local climatic conditions, their expansion could accelerate cedar poleward migration. We tested the hypotheses that (1) there will be a growth increase in cedar northern marginal populations as a result of global warming, and (2) the edaphic conditions and regional precipitation regimes will modulate their response to warming.LocationCanadian boreal forest, western Québec (47–50° N, 74–80° W).MethodsWe investigated radial growth using tree‐ring measurements from dominant and co‐dominant eastern white cedar trees (n = 723) distributed along a latitudinal gradient from the species' northern margin to the centre of its natural range. First, low‐frequency growth variations were analysed on whole chronologies (ad 1720–2010). Second, inter‐annual growth variations were tested against ad 1953–2010 monthly temperature and precipitation time series with a bootstrapped correlation function. Finally, the impact of environmental variables on the growth–climate relationships was assessed.ResultsUnexpectedly, a growth decline was observed starting in 1980 in marginal sites. Dendroclimatic analyses revealed that radial growth was not only limited by short growing seasons but also by summer droughts in the marginal zone. This response was exacerbated in sites that received less summer precipitation. Counterintuitively, autumn and spring precipitation negatively impacted on growth, especially in wet soil stands.Main conclusionsNorthern marginal populations of cedar may have already reached their optimum temperature threshold for radial growth. Our results suggest that they will probably be facing increasing hydric stress selection pressure under the assumptions of climate change. Their responses to future warming will be highly dependent on the seasonality and magnitude of variation in precipitation regimes.
Cardiac and hepatic role of r‐AtHSP70: basal effects and protection against ischemic and sepsis conditions
Authors: Pasqua Teresa , Filice Elisabetta , Mazza Rosa , Quintieri Anna Maria , Carmela Cerra Maria , Iannacone Rina , Melfi Donato , Indiveri Cesare , Gattuso Alfonsina , Angelone Tommaso 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHeat shock proteins (HSPs), highly conserved in all organisms, act as molecular chaperones activated by several stresses. The HSP70 class of stress‐induced proteins is the most studied subtype in cardiovascular and inflammatory disease. Because of the high similarity between plant and mammalian HSP70, the aim of this work was to evaluate whether recombinant HSP70 of plant origin (r‐AtHSP70) was able to protect rat cardiac and hepatic function under ischemic and sepsis conditions. We demonstrated for the first time that, in ex vivo isolated and perfused rat heart, exogenous r‐AtHSP70 exerted direct negative inotropic and lusitropic effects via Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway, induced post‐conditioning cardioprotection via Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase and Survivor Activating Factor Enhancement pathways, and did not cause hepatic damage. In vivo administration of r‐AtHSP70 protected both heart and liver against lipopolysaccharide‐dependent sepsis, as revealed by the reduced plasma levels of interleukin‐1β, tumour necrosis factor alpha, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. These results suggest exogenous r‐AtHSP70 as a molecular modulator able to protect myocardial function and to prevent cardiac and liver dysfunctions during inflammatory conditions.
Using an Industrial Waste Account to Facilitate National Level Industrial Symbioses by Uncovering the Waste Exchange Potential
Authors: Chen Pi‐Cheng , Ma Hwong‐wen 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe identification of potential by‐product exchanges is important for fostering industrial symbiosis. To discover these potential exchanges, this article extends the analysis of local industrial symbiosis to a national scale. A waste input‐output table, which is a material flow accounting tool, was compiled and used as a database to examine the existing exchanges of by‐products. The supplies and demands of industrial wastes or by‐products were compared to highlight their potential use for promoting higher exchange flows. The analysis of the linkages indicated that the majority of each of the by‐products were reused by the few industries that had the technology and operational capacity for reuse. This finding is useful for determining which industries are good candidates for promoting further industrial symbiosis (IS). Based on a nation‐wide analysis that considered the industrial characteristics of Taiwan comprehensively, 23 types of major by‐products with greater reuse flows and 216 potential exchange patterns were identified between the industries. In addition, three types of eco‐industrial networks were characterized as follows according to their dominant types: (1) fossil fuel, metal, and mineral‐dominated; (2) agricultural and synthetic material‐dominated; and (3) information and communications technology (ICT) and chemical industry‐dominated eco‐industrial networks. This analysis highlights the resource exchange potentials and provides information to new firms for networking with existing businesses.
Hyperthermia‐induced seizures alter adenosine A1 and A2A receptors and 5′‐nucleotidase activity in rat cerebral cortex
Authors: León‐Navarro David Agustín , Albasanz José L. , Martín Mairena 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFebrile seizure is one of the most common convulsive disorders in children. The neuromodulator adenosine exerts anticonvulsant actions through binding adenosine receptors. Here, the impact of hyperthermia‐induced seizures on adenosine A1 and A2A receptors and 5′‐nucleotidase activity has been studied at different periods in the cerebral cortical area by using radioligand binding, real‐time PCR, and 5′‐nucleotidase activity assays. Hyperthermic seizures were induced in 13‐day‐old rats using a warmed air stream from a hair dryer. Neonates exhibited rearing and falling over associated with hindlimb clonus seizures (stage 5 on Racine scale criteria) after hyperthermic induction. A significant increase in A1 receptor density was observed using [3H]DPCPX as radioligand, and mRNA coding A1 was observed 48 h after hyperthermia‐induced seizures. In contrast, a significant decrease in A2A receptor density was detected, using [3H]ZM241385 as radioligand, 48 h after hyperthermia‐evoked convulsions. These short‐term changes in A1 and A2A receptors were also accompanied by a loss of 5′‐nucleotidase activity. No significant variations either in A1 or A2A receptor density or 5′‐nucleotidase were observed 5 and 20 days after hyperthermic seizures. Taken together, both regulation of A1 and A2A receptors and loss of 5′‐nucleotidase in the cerebral cortex suggest the existence of a neuroprotective mechanism against seizures.
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Febrile seizure is one of the most common convulsive disorders in children. The consequences of hyperthermia‐induced seizures (animal model of febrile seizures) on adenosine A1 and A2A receptors and 5'‐nucleotidase activity have been studied at different periods in cerebral cortical area. A significant increase in A1 receptor density and mRNA coding A1 was observed 48 h after hyperthermia‐induced seizures. In contrast, a significant decrease in A2A receptor density and 5'‐nucleotidase activity was detected 48 h after convulsions evoked by hyperthermia. These changes suggest the possible existence of a neuroprotective mechanism against seizures.
Co-application of lidocaine and QX-572 induces divergent pain behaviours in mice
Authors: Shao Cui-Jie , Gao Yong , Zhao Li , Jin Dan , Wang Dan , Wang De-Qiang 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Objectives
We investigated the analgesic effects of lidocaine (LDC) and lidocane derivative, QX-572, co-application on the evoked pain behaviour (complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced) and spontaneous pain behaviour (formalin-induced) in mice.

Methods
The experiments were performed using adult male Kunming mice. Formalin-induced acute pain model and CFA-induced chronic pain model was established by injecting formalin and CFA, respectively. Separate injections of LDC and QX-572, or co-injection of LDC and QX-572, were performed to observe the differences in neurobehavioural responses, paw withdrawal latency (PWL) and mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT).

Key findings
QX-572 injection alone did not influence PWL and MWT, but injection of LDC alone led to a substantial, but short-lived, elevation in PWL and MWT (45 min). Co-injection of LDC and QX-572, however, resulted in a significant increase in PWL and MWT (120 min) compared with the LDC group. Injection of LDC and QX-572 combination in the adjacent sciatic nerve also produced a long-lasting sensory-specific nerve block. Additionally, intraplantar co-injection of LDC and QX-572 combination inhibited spontaneous pain in formalin-treated mice, but did not detectably attenuated hyperalgesia and allodynia in CFA-treated mice.

Conclusions
Our results provide evidence that QX-572 induced sensory-selective blockade and co-injection of QX-572 and LDC enhance pain blockade, as evident from formalin-treated mice.
Understanding the mechanisms of antitropical divergence in the seabirdWhite‐facedStorm‐petrel (Procellariiformes:Pelagodroma marina) using a multilocus approach
Authors: Silva Mónica C. , Matias Rafael , Wanless Ross M. , Ryan Peter G. , Stephenson Brent M. , Bolton Mark , Ferrand Nuno , Coelho M. Manuela 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAnalytical methods that apply coalescent theory to multilocus data have improved inferences of demographic parameters that are critical to understanding population divergence and speciation. In particular, at the early stages of speciation, it is important to implement models that accommodate conflicting gene trees, and benefit from the presence of shared polymorphisms. Here, we employ eleven nuclear loci and the mitochondrial control region to investigate the phylogeography and historical demography of the pelagic seabirdWhite‐facedStorm‐petrel (Pelagodroma marina) by sampling subspecies across its antitropical distribution. Groups are all highly differentiated: global mitochondrial ΦST = 0.89 (P < 0.01) and global nuclear ΦSTvaries between 0.22 and 0.83 (allP < 0.01). The complete lineage sorting of the mitochondrial locus between hemispheres is corroborated by approximately half of the nuclear genealogies, suggesting a long‐term antitropical divergence in isolation. Coalescent‐based estimates of demographic parameters suggest that hemispheric divergence ofP. marinaoccurred approximately 840 000 ya (95%HPD582 000–1 170 000), in the absence of gene flow, and divergence within the Southern Hemisphere occurred 190 000 ya (95%HPD96 000–600 000), both probably associated with the profound palaeo‐oceanographic changes of thePleistocene. A fledgling sampled inStHelena (tropicalSouthAtlantic) suggests recent colonization from theNorthernHemisphere. Despite the great potential for long‐distance dispersal,P. marinaantitropical groups have been evolving as independent, allopatric lineages, and divergence is probably maintained by philopatry coupled with asynchronous reproductive phenology and local adaptation.
Hyperleptinaemia, insulin resistance and survival in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Cao Liou , Mou Shan , Fang Wei , Gu Leyi , Huang Jiaying , Gu Aiping , Qian Jiaqi , Ni Zhaohui 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and glucose and lipid metabolism in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. The study also investigated the prognostic factors for survival in long‐term peritoneal dialysis patients.MethodsParticipants were recruited from July 1 to August 1, 2011, based on selection criteria. Patients were divided into two groups, high (H) and low (L) group according to the median value of homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA‐IR). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients were chosen as positive controls. Clinical, plasma biochemical and metabolic parameters were observed and recorded at the outset and follow‐up of this study. Mortality related factors were also detected, and statistical analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 157 cases with an average age of 55 ± 15 years were included. There were 26, 66 and 65 cases in the DM, H and L groups, respectively. Younger age, lower body mass index, high sensitive C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) level, higher normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) were found in the L group compared with the other two groups. HOMA‐IR positively correlated with age, leptin and triglyceride levels, and it negatively correlated with BMI. L group had better survival rate than H and DM groups. Dialysis duration, serum leptin level, nPCR and hsCRP were statistically associated with mortality.ConclusionInsulin resistance may play an important role in the pathophysiology of glucose and lipid metabolism. Dialysis duration, leptin, nPCR and hsCRP may be risk factors for mortality in PD patients.