bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Velocity of climate change algorithms for guiding conservation and management
Authors: Hamann Andreas , Roberts David R. , Barber Quinn E. , Carroll Carlos , Nielsen Scott E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe velocity of climate change is an elegant analytical concept that can be used to evaluate the exposure of organisms to climate change. In essence, one divides the rate of climate change by the rate of spatial climate variability to obtain a speed at which species must migrate over the surface of the earth to maintain constant climate conditions. However, to apply the algorithm for conservation and management purposes, additional information is needed to improve realism at local scales. For example, destination information is needed to ensure that vectors describing speed and direction of required migration do not point toward a climatic cul‐de‐sac by pointing beyond mountain tops. Here, we present an analytical approach that conforms to standard velocity algorithms if climate equivalents are nearby. Otherwise, the algorithm extends the search for climate refugia, which can be expanded to search for multivariate climate matches. With source and destination information available, forward and backward velocities can be calculated allowing useful inferences about conservation of species (present‐to‐future velocities) and management of species populations (future‐to‐present velocities).
Geographies of Sexualities in Brazil: Between National Invisibility and Subordinate Inclusion in Postcolonial Networks of Knowledge Production
Authors: Silva Joseli Maria , Vieira Paulo Jorge 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article reviews and examines the production of literature on sexualities in Brazilian geography, through mapping and analysing the key authors, main topics and conceptual networks. The analysis considered all the articles published on sexualities (34 articles) in Brazilian geography from 1995 to 2012, combining a review of critical concepts and a methodology of social network analysis. The study shows there was an expansion in research on sexualities in Brazil, especially in the 2000s, with a particular emphasis on concepts of territoriality and the experience of travesti. This expansion coincided with the internationalisation of scientific production in Brazil and the achievements of the Brazilian LGBT rights movement. However, despite this increase, the article explores how scientific literature on sexualities in Brazilian geography appears to be concentrated in ghettos within Brazil and, on the international scale, how it is connected in a subordinate manner to networks that are formed by the coloniality of knowledge.
Change of carotid intima‐media thickness is associated with age in elderly Japanese patients without a history of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Watanabe Kentaro , Ouchi Motoshi , Ohara Makoto , Kameda Wataru , Susa Shinji , Oizumi Toshihide , Wada Manabu , Suzuki Tatsuya , Kawanami Toru , Oba Kenzo , Kato Takeo 
Published: October 2014

AimThe present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the change of carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) and clinical characteristics in Japanese patients without a history of cardiovascular disease.MethodsThe study participants were 149 Japanese patients without a history of cardiovascular disease treated in our outpatient department. The in all participants CIMT was measured with ultrasonography at baseline and after a mean interval of 2.4 years. Study participants were divided into a middle‐aged group (younger than 65 years: n = 59) and an elderly group (65 years or older: n = 90). The annual CIMT change (ΔCIMT) was calculated, and the associations between ΔCIMT and clinical characteristics, including age, were evaluated in both groups.ResultsThe ΔCIMT was significantly correlated with age in all participants (r = 0.222; P < 0.05) and in elderly participants (r = 0.234; P < 0.05), but was not correlated with other risk factors. The annual ΔCIMT was significantly higher in elderly participants (0.015 ± 0.096 mm) than in middle‐aged participants (–0.018 ± 0.088 mm; P < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis with ΔCIMT as a dependent variable and risk factors as independent variables showed that ΔCIMT was significantly associated with age in all participants (β = 0.002; P < 0.05) and in elderly participants (β = 0.004; P < 0.05), but not with other risk factors.ConclusionsAnnual CIMT change is associated with age, rather than with other clinical characteristics, including traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes and hypertension, in elderly Japanese patients without a history of cardiovascular disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 1023–1030.
City Branding as a Response to Global Intercity Competition
Authors: Anttiroiko Ari‐Veikko 
Published: October 2014

AbstractGlobalisation is dramatically changing the context of urban communities and the premises for urban development policy. In the context of global intercity competition, cities' major goal is to increase their competitiveness, in which the positioning and attractiveness of a city have a critical function. Attraction‐oriented development strategies aim at effective absorption of external resources from the global space of flows. At the core of attraction strategy are business promotion activities with appealing incentives, but it is assumed that such a competition is risky and may lead to a race to the bottom. Therefore the emphasis is increasingly on less costly and more synergistic city marketing, which utilises city branding and “city profiling” that aim at attract high value‐adding services or high‐tech firms. This paper proposes a city attraction hypothesis that states that global intercity competition is essentially about a city's ability to attract the highest possible value from global flows of values in order to promote urban development. The result of such a global intercity competition determines cities' functions and positions in the global division of labour and thus in the global urban hierarchy, and ultimately determines their ability to increase prosperity and welfare in urban communities.
A pilot randomized control trial to evaluate the feasibility of an Internet‐based self‐management and transitional care program for youth with haemophilia
Authors: Breakey V. R. , Ignas D. M. , Warias A. V. , White M. , Blanchette V. S. , Stinson J. N. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryAdolescents with haemophilia must assume responsibility for their health and management of their disease. An online self‐management program was developed to support adolescents during this transition. To determine the feasibility of the program using a randomized control trial (RCT) design in terms of accrual/attrition rates, willingness to be randomized, compliance with the program/outcome measures and satisfaction. Adolescents, ages 13–18, were enrolled in a pilot RCT (NCT01477437) and randomized to either the intervention (8‐week program with telephone coaching) or the control arm (no access to the website, weekly telephone call as attention‐strategy). All participants completed pre/postoutcome measures. Twenty‐nine teens participated (intervention n = 16, control n = 13). Participants in the intervention arm spent an average of 50 min on the website per week and completed the modules in an average of 14 weeks (SD = 4.9). Attrition was higher in the control group compared to the intervention group (54% vs. 25%). 17/18 (94%) who completed the program also completed the poststudy measures. Teens on the intervention arm showed significant improvement in disease‐specific knowledge (P = 0.004), self‐efficacy (P = 0.007) and transition preparedness (P = 0.046). There was a statistically significant improvement in knowledge in the intervention group when compared to the control group (P = 0.01). Overall, the teens found the website to be informative, comprehensive and easy to use and were satisfied with the program. This pilot RCT study suggests benefit to the program and indicates an RCT design to be feasible with minor adjustments to the protocol.
Recombinant factor VIIa enhances platelet deposition from flowing haemophilic blood but requires the contact pathway to promote fibrin deposition
Authors: Li R. , Panckeri K. A. , Fogarty P. F. , Diamond S. L. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIn prior microfluidic studies with haemophilic blood perfused over collagen, we found that a severe deficiency (<1% factor level) reduced platelet and fibrin deposition, while a moderate deficiency (1–5%) only reduced fibrin deposition. We investigated: (i) the differential effect of rFVIIa (0.04–20 nm) on platelet and fibrin deposition, and (ii) the contribution of the contact pathway to rFVIIa‐induced haemophilic blood clotting. Haemophilic or healthy blood with low and high corn trypsin inhibitor (CTI, 4 or 40 μg mL−1) was perfused over collagen at an initial venous wall shear rate of 100 s−1. At 100 s−1 wall shear rate, where FXIIa leads to thrombin production without added tissue factor, FXI‐deficient blood (3%) or severely FVIII‐deficient blood (<1%) produced no fibrin at either CTI level. Whereas rFVIIa potently enhanced platelet deposition, fibrin generation was not rescued. Distinct from the high CTI condition, engagement of the contact pathway (low CTI) in moderately FVIII‐deficient (3%) or moderately FIX‐deficient blood (5%) resulted in enhanced platelet and fibrin deposition following 4 nm rFVIIa supplementation. In mildly FVIII‐deficient blood (15%) at <24 h since haemostatic therapy, rFVIIa enhanced both platelet and fibrin generation in either CTI condition although fibrin was produced more quickly and abundantly in low CTI. For tissue factor‐free conditions of severe haemophilic blood clotting, we conclude that rFVIIa reliably generates low levels of ‘signaling’ thrombin sufficient to enhance platelet deposition on collagen, but is insufficient to drive fibrin polymerization unless potentiated by the contact pathway.
Nuclear expression of histone deacetylases and their histone modifications predicts clinical outcome in colorectal cancer
Authors: Benard Anne , Goossens‐Beumer Inès J , van Hoesel Anneke Q , Horati Hamed , de Graaf Wouter , Putter Hein , Zeestraten Eliane C M , Liefers Gerrit‐Jan , van de Velde Cornelis J H , Kuppen Peter J K 
Published: October 2014

AimsEpigenetic changes are of crucial importance in cancer development and are potentially reversible; they are therefore targets of interest for anti‐cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical prognostic value of the histone deacetylases SIRT1, HDAC1 and HDAC2 and the histone modifications H4K16Ac and H3K56Ac in colorectal cancer.Methods and resultsThe epigenetic markers were immunohistochemically stained on tissue microarrays containing colorectal tumours (n = 254) and normal colorectal tissues (n = 50). Nuclear expression was assessed on the semi‐automated Ariol system. Multivariate trend survival analyses of the combined markers showed better patient survival and less tumour recurrence when more markers showed high nuclear expression. For the combination of the histone deacetylases and H3K56Ac, the hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) was 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72–0.94; P = 0.005] and the HR for distant recurrence‐free survival (DRFS) was 0.77 (95% CI 0.64–0.92; P = 0.003) per additional marker showing high expression. Similarly, for the combination of histone deactylases and H4K16Ac, HRs of 0.86 (95% CI 0.76–0.97; P = 0.01) for OS and 0.79 (95% CI 0.68–0.93; P = 0.006) for DRFS were observed per additional marker showing high expression.ConclusionsThe studied epigenetic markers showed clinical prognostic value in colorectal cancer, both as individual markers and when combined into multimarker analyses. These results indicate that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis.
Stress distribution in root filled teeth restored with various post and core techniques: effect of post length and crown height
Authors: Kainose K. , Nakajima M. , Foxton R. , Wakabayashi N. , Tagami J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate interfacial stress distribution in restored root filled teeth with various post lengths and crown heights.MethodologyThree‐dimensional mathematical models of a root filled mandibular premolar tooth were constructed. Parts of the tooth structures were replaced with ceramic crowns having three crown heights incorporating, either a cast post and core or a resin post and cores with fibre post or metallic post with four post lengths. Finite element linear analysis was performed to calculate equivalent and shear stress distribution at the interfaces between the teeth and post and cores under mesiodistal symmetrical boundary conditions and an oblique static load of 400 N.ResultsFor the resin post and core with fibre and metallic posts, shear stress at the interface was greater in the cervical area than the post area, depending on the crown height. The resin post and core with metallic post had lower shear stress at the interface of cervical area than that of the fibre post model; however, the metallic post models produced a high concentration of shear stress at the interface between the post and resin composite. On the other hand, for the cast post and core, the shear stress at the interface was mainly produced in the post end area, which increased with decrease of post length.ConclusionsFor the resin post and core, bonding integrity to the cervical area would play a critical role in the survival of the restored tooth, whereas for the cast post and core, the bond of the post would be essential.
Antimicrobial Activity of Pd‐Doped ZnO Sol‐Gel‐Derived Films
Authors: Cruz‐Reyes Irlanda , Morales‐Ramírez Angel de J. , Jaramillo‐Vigueras David , Rodriguez‐Nava Odin , Garro‐Matamoros Rosalba , Moreno‐Palmerin Joel 
Published: October 2014

Palladium doped ZnO was prepared by the sol‐gel and dip‐coating techniques, starting with zinc acetate and palladium chloride as precursors, followed by its hydrolysis in methanol. Acetic acid was incorporated to adjustpH, as well as acetylacetonate and monoehtylamine as stabilizers. The sol was later dipped 3 times in silica substrates. Structural, morphological, and antimicrobial properties of the films were investigated for three palladium contents (1.0, 2.5, and 5 mol %). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the films have a hexagonal structure after been annealed at 500°C. X‐ray photoelectron Spectroscope (XPS) showed that Pd is present in its oxidized form. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) from films showed a crack free and smooth surface (Ra= 18 nm), composed of cross‐linked particles. The synthesized films presented antibacterial activity againstEscherichia coliandPseudomona aeruginosa. It was observed that the higher Pd content (5 mol %) presents the higher antimicrobial ratio, 64.07%, for theE. coli, whereas for theP. aeruginosa, the lower Pd content (1 mol %), shows the higher antimicrobial ratio, 76.43%.
Cutaneous sarcoidosis: an intriguing model of immune dysregulation
Authors: Ruocco Eleonora , Gambardella Alessio , Langella Giovanni Giuseppe , Lo Schiavo Ada , Ruocco Vincenzo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease characterized by the presence of non‐caseating granulomas. Its etiology remains obscure. A plausible hypothesis suggests that a complex interplay of host factors, infectious processes, and non‐infectious environmental factors, matched with a susceptible genetic background, results in a pathway that leads to systemic granulomatous inflammation. Although presentations of sarcoidosis vary enormously, multi‐organ involvement is a common feature. Cutaneous involvement occurs in about 25% of patients with protean manifestations and variable prognoses. Skin manifestations are divided into specific lesions with histopathologically evident non‐caseating granulomas and nonspecific lesions arising from a reactive process that does not form granulomas. A peculiar form of cutaneous sarcoidosis is represented by sarcoidal lesions at sites of trauma that has caused scarring. The pathogenesis of scar sarcoidosis remains unknown. Scar sarcoidosis is also associated with herpes zoster infection, surgery, and tattooing. Such heterogeneous events, along with those at the sites of chronic lymphedema, thermal burns, radiation dermatitis, and vaccinations, occur on areas of vulnerable skin labeled “immunocompromised districts”. Numerous options are available for the treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis. Although corticosteroids remain the treatment of choice for initial systemic therapy, other nonsteroidal agents have proven effective and therefore useful for long‐term management. Tumor necrosis factor‐α antagonists such as infliximab may have a role in the treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis, especially in refractory cases that are resistant to standard regimens. Elucidation of the relationship of sarcoidal granulomas with malignancy and immunity may facilitate a better understanding of some pathomechanisms operating in neoplastic and immunity‐related disorders.
Dating Micrometre‐Thin Rims Using a LA‐ICP‐MS Depth Profiling Technique on Zircon from an Archaean Metasediment: Comparison with the SIMS Depth Profiling Method
Authors: Kelly Colter J. , McFarlane Christopher R.M. , Schneider David A. , Jackson Simon E. 
Published: October 2014

Laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) was examined as a tool for measuring isotopic variation as a function of ablation depth in unpolished zircon from an Archaean metasediment specimen. This technique was able to identify micrometre‐thin (> 3 μm) isotopically distinct mineral domains characterised by ca. 100 Myr younger 207Pb/206Pb ages associated with 2s age uncertainties as low ~ 0.2%, as well as elevated U content relative to grain interiors (up to an order of magnitude). Our calculated drilling rate suggests that each laser pulse excavated depths of ~ 0.06 μm. Ages resolved through the LA‐ICP‐MS methods overlap the 2s uncertainties of 207Pb/206Pb ages measured using SIMS depth profiling on the same zircon population. The rims were further evinced by the detection of relative enrichment (> 3 orders of magnitude) in REE in the outermost micrometres of the same zircon, measured using a different and independent LA‐ICP‐MS depth profiling technique. We propose a LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb technique capable of quickly identifying and quantifying rims, which are indication of late, yet geologically significant, fluid events that are otherwise undefined.
First Philippine record of the parasitoid, Comperiella sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): a potential biocontrol agent against Aspidiotus rigidus (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)
Authors: Almarinez B. J. M. , Amalin D. M. , Carandang J. S. R. , Navasero M. V. , Navasero M. M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe encyrtid genus Comperiella Howard has so far not been reported in the Philippines, where there is currently an outbreak of the coconut scale insect Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne particularly in the southern parts of the island of Luzon and in some areas in Mindanao. Among Comperiella species, only C. unifasciata Ishii has been reported as a parasitoid of A. rigidus. We report not only new sightings of this parasitoid genus in the Philippines from surveys conducted in parts of the provinces of Laguna and Batangas, but also the discovery of a possibly new species that, like C. unifasciata, has been found to parasitize A. rigidus at a high rate. These findings have presented a potential of biological control against the coconut scale insect problem that has threatened the coconut industry in the country.
Short‐term effect of selection cutting in boreal balsam fir forest on cerambycid and scolytid beetles
Authors: Morin M. B. , Hébert C. , Berthiaume R. , Bauce É. , Brodeur J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe ecology and management of boreal forest ecosystems are drawing greater attention worldwide as their importance is being increasingly recognized for carbon sequestration or for harbouring the world's largest remaining intact forests. Selection cuts have been introduced as a more socially acceptable silvicultural method to improve the maintenance of habitat structure and functions as they mimic aspects of boreal forest succession dynamics. Many studies have shown that selection cutting helps maintaining arthropod communities in mature forests, but few have examined the increased risks of damage by bark‐ and wood‐boring insects in boreal forests of eastern North America. We used multidirectional flight‐interception traps to quantify the response of these beetles to 25 and 40% selection cutting in a balsam fir–white birch forest of Québec, Canada. The abundance and species number of both cerambycid and scolytid beetles were 5–6 times larger in selectively cut stands than in controls the year following treatments. Analyses revealed that bark‐ and wood‐boring beetles’ response was mostly associated with increased canopy openness in selectively cut stands (and sun‐exposed locations within them) and residual tree injuries caused by harvesting operations. These conditions attracted beetles such as Trypodendron lineatum (Scolytinae) and Rhagium inquisitor (Cerambycidae), two species known for their ability to attack weakened, dying and dead hosts. Most species were more abundant in selection cuts, except for Evodinus m. monticola (Cerambycidae) whose abundance was strongly reduced after treatment. Some beetles can have detrimental effects on residual trees and thus could reduce timber value, but most species found in treated stands do not represent a high risk for healthy trees. Thus, selection cuts do not seem favourable to the establishment of tree‐killing beetles. However, as they were found more active/abundant after selection cutting, it would be wise to further study their population dynamics over mid‐ and long‐term periods, along with the ecological and economic implications associated with this silvicultural treatment.
Managing the increasing shortage of acute care hospital beds in Israel
Authors: Meydan Chanan , Haklai Ziona , Gordon Barak , Mendlovic Joseph , Afek Arnon 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesIsrael's healthcare system has been facing increasing hospital bed shortage over the last few decades. Community‐based services and shortening length of stay have helped to ease this problem, but hospitals continue to suffer from serious overload and saturation. The objective of this study is to present hospitalization trends in Israel's internal medicine departments.MethodsThe data is based on the National Hospital Discharges database (NHDR) in the Israeli Health Ministry, pertaining to hospitalizations in all internal medicine departments nationwide between 2000 and 2012.ResultsTotal yearly hospitalization days, representing healthcare burden, had increased by 4.2% during the study period, driven mainly by the most advanced age groups. The rate of total hospitalization days per 100,000 people for all the age groups has decreased by 17.6%, but the oldest patient group had a modest reduction in comparison (7.5%). The parameter of age correlated with length of stay and readmission rates, and neither decreased during the surveyed years.ConclusionsThese results demonstrated that the healthcare burden on acute internal medicine services has been reduced mostly for middle‐aged populations but only modestly for elderly populations. The length of hospital stay and the readmission rates have reached and maintained a plateau in recent years, regardless of age. The findings of this study call for planning specific to elderly populations in light of changing demographics. Possible directions may include renewed emphasis on internal medicine and geriatric medicine, and efforts to shorten hospitalization time by extended utilization of multidisciplinary primary care.