bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KAMPÜS İÇİ ULAŞIMDA ALTERNATİF SEÇİMLER: KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Tekin Rukiye , Kılıç Metin 
Published: February 2015

Üniversitelerin kuruldukları bölgelerde; ekonomik yapıya, sosyal ve fiziksel altyapıya, kent ve yaşam kalitesine, eğitim seviyesinin artmasına katkıları göz önüne alınarak, üniversite kampüslerinin fiziki yapılarıyla kent imajını en iyi şekilde yansıtan alanlar olması sağlanmalıdır. Bunu sağlamak içinse üniversitelerin etkin bir şekilde yönetimi, kullanımı, geliştirilmesi ve kampüslerde yer alan birimler arası koordinasyon her anlamda sağlanmalıdır. Bu koordinasyonun en önemli parametrelerinden biri de kampüs içi ulaşım olmaktadır. Bu araştırmadaki amaç kent alt birimi olan üniversite kampüslerindeki ulaşımının incelenmesidir. Diğer amaçlar ise, kullanıcıların demografik özelliklerine göre var olan kampüs ulaşımı algılarını ve kullanılan ulaşım seçeneklerini tercih etme nedenlerini saptamaya çalışmaktır. Uygulama kısmında var olan kampus içi ulaşım algılarını ölçmek amacıyla anket çalışması uygulanmıştır. Anket yöntemi ile veri toplanılan bu bölümde geçerliliği olan 1112 tane anket formu SPSS yazılım programında analiz edilmiştir. İfadelerin güvenilirlik analizleri, frekans dağılımı ve faktörler elde edilmiş, ANOVA ve T-TESTİ analizleri ile farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir.
Epidemiology of Pediatric Herpes Zoster After Varicella Infection: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Wen Su-Ying , Liu Wen-Liang 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND:
There are limited population-based data regarding pediatric herpes zoster (HZ).

METHODS:
Children aged &lt;12 years with varicella infections between 2000 and 2006 were identified from a national population-based database and followed-up for a diagnosis of HZ until December 2008. Since a routine varicella vaccination program was started in 2004, vaccinated children without medically attended varicella were identified between 2004 and 2006, and followed-up for a diagnosis of HZ until December 2008.

RESULTS:
Of 27 517 children with medically attended varicella, 428 developed HZ. The incidence of HZ was 262.1 per 100 000 person-years. Of 25 132 vaccinated children without medically attended varicella, 106 developed HZ. The incidence of HZ was 93.3 per 100 000 person-years. The mean duration from varicella to HZ was 4.12 years. Children diagnosed with varicella at aged &lt;2 years had a higher incidence (P &lt; .001) and shorter duration (P = .04) than those diagnosed aged ≧2 years. Children diagnosed with varicella aged ≥2 but &lt;8 years had a significantly increased incidence of HZ after than before the vaccination program (relative risk = 1.85 at 3 years of follow-up, P = .03). Children with varicella infections had a significantly greater risk of HZ than vaccinated children without a history of varicella (relative risk = 2.31 at 4 years of follow-up, P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study demonstrates the population-based epidemiologic characteristics of pediatric HZ among those who contracted varicella. In the early postvaricella vaccination period, an increased HZ incidence was observed among children with varicella infection aged ≥2 years.
Allergy in Children in Hand Versus Machine Dishwashing
Authors: Hesselmar Bill , Hicke-Roberts Anna , Wennergren Göran 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The hygiene hypothesis stipulates that microbial exposure during early life induces immunologic tolerance via immune stimulation, and hence reduces the risk of allergy development. Several common lifestyle factors and household practices, such as dishwashing methods, may increase microbial exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate if such lifestyle factors are associated with allergy prevalence.

METHODS:
Questionnaire-based study of 1029 children aged 7 to 8 years from Kiruna, in the north of Sweden, and Mölndal, in the Gothenburg area on the southwest coast of Sweden. Questions on asthma, eczema, and rhinoconjunctivitis were taken from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire.

RESULTS:
Hand dishwashing was associated with a reduced risk of allergic disease development (multivariate analysis, odds ratio 0.57; 95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.85). The risk was further reduced in a dose-response pattern if the children were also served fermented food and if the family bought food directly from farms.

CONCLUSIONS:
In families who use hand dishwashing, allergic diseases in children are less common than in children from families who use machine dishwashing. We speculate that a less-efficient dishwashing method may induce tolerance via increased microbial exposure.
Kościół wobec starości. Perspektywa teologiczno-pastoralna
Authors: Dziedzic Jan 
Published: February 2015

Niebezpieczeństwo podziału między pokoleniami sprawia, że należy dziś zabiegać o nowy sposób myślenia o starości. Korygowanie negatywnych postaw wobec ludzi w podeszłym wieku jest zadaniem kulturowym i wychowawczym, które spoczywa na wszystkich pokoleniach. Odpowiedzialność za seniorów opiera się na wskazaniu im sensu starości. Ważne jest również, aby potrafili oni docenić ukryte w niej walory i odrzucić pokusę izolowania się od ludzi oraz przezwyciężyli rezygnację i poczucie nieprzydatności i beznadziei.Prezentowany artykuł był próbą spojrzenia na współczesny problem starzenia się społeczeństwa, które domaga się nowych wyzwań wobec narastającej liczby ludzi w podeszłym wieku. Nie można ulec pokusie wykluczenia tej grupy społecznej, lecz należy odnaleźć sposób na ich konkretne zaangażowanie w życiu wspólnotowym. Istotnym zadaniem jest także zorganizowanie dla nich pomocy, aby w ten sposób respektować godność osoby ludzkiej, przysługująca każdemu człowiekowi. Nie bez znaczenia jest również dostrzeżenie wymiaru transcendentnego, gdyż dla wierzącego seniora spojrzenie na śmierć związane jest z zapewnieniem Jezusa o życiu wiecznym.
„Nie odtrącaj mnie w starości”. O potrzebie profilowanego przepowiadania dla seniorów
Authors: Kalbarczyk Adam 
Published: February 2015

Ludzie starsi w Kościele mają prawo do przepowiadania specjalnego, profilowanego, tzn. ukierunkowanego na nich, obejmującego ich swoim oddziaływaniem. Słowo Boże powinno być głoszone wszystkim ludziom w każdym czasie, w każdej sytuacji, na każdym etapie ich życia. Jeśli zatem widzimy potrzebę profilowanego przepowiadania do dzieci, do młodzieży czy do dorosłych, to nie możemy nie zauważać jej w odniesieniu do seniorów. Konieczność taką tłumaczą też względy duszpasterskie. Według nauczania Kościoła duszpasterze powinni pomóc osobom starym realizować swoje powołanie w Kościele i świecie, tak aby pojmowali swoją starość jako naturalny etap życia, jako czas wartościowy, który należy i można przeżywać w postawie zaufania Bogu, a także – jeśli to możliwe – zaangażowania dla wspólnoty. Specjalne kaznodziejstwo dla seniorów stanowi jeden z istotnych przejawów tej troski. Można je realizować, posługując się albo tradycyjnymi i sprawdzonymi formami przepowiadania, takimi jak homilie, kazania, nauki rekolekcyjne czy katechezy, albo ostrożnie wprowadzając nowe – np. homilie dialogowane czy świadectwa. Ważne jest przy tym, aby kaznodzieje zadbali o odpowiedni język przekazu ewangelicznego, adekwatny do sytuacji, mentalności, doświadczeń i problemów seniorów. Podstawowym motywem przepowiadania dla ludzi starych, tych, których życie doczesne dobiega kresu, powinno być życie, życie silniejsze niż śmierć.
Desarrollo de las cooperativas agropecuarias del noreste de Misiones, Argentina
Authors: Godoy Antonia Elisabeti , Martínez Mirta Claudia , Carvallo-Krieger María Alejandra , Pokolenko Ana Alicia , Tarnoski Sergio Oscar , Dip Juan 
Published: February 2015

Este artículo derivó del proyecto de investigación “La incidencia de los modelos de gestión en el desarrollo de las cooperativas agropecuarias del noreste de Misiones”, desarrollado en la Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Argentina, entre el 2010 y el 2012. Se sustentó en información de fuentes documentales y empíricas, provenientes de encuestas o entrevistas aplicadas al 80% de la población objeto de estudio, a socios fundadores de las primeras cooperativas agropecuarias, a informantes clave. El objetivo fue identificar los factores críticos que dificultaban su crecimiento, y, a partir de ellos, determinar las áreas clave para la reactivación y el desarrollo sostenible de dichas cooperativas. Se corroboró que el 90% de las cooperativas encuestadas se encuentran en una zona de invisibilización, alto grado de inactividad económica motivada por la génesis de su creación y ausencia de un proyecto común.
Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Holt Amon E. , Ferguson Brett L. , Gibson Tanya M. , Satheesh Keerthana M. , Cobb Charles M. 
Published: February 2015

Introduction: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) may manifest as one of four distinctive disorders: 1) Cowden syndrome; 2) Bannayan‐Riley‐Ruvalcaba syndrome; 3) Proteus syndrome; or 4) Proteus‐like syndrome. Clinical features of PHTS commonly include multiple benign hamartomas of the skin and mucous membranes as well as macrocephaly. Despite the benign nature of the characteristic lesions, patients diagnosed with PHTS are at increased risk of certain cancers, most notably carcinomas of the breast, thyroid, and endometrium.Case Presentation: A 28‐year‐old African‐American female presented with generalized gingival overgrowth that involved the palate, gingival margins, and retromolar areas. The dorsal tongue also exhibited a generalized tissue hyperplasia. Based on clinical presentation, biopsies were performed for histology and genetic testing. Although histology revealed non‐specific fibroepithelial hyperplasia, genetic testing revealed a novel heterozygous mutation of the PTEN gene (c.158_164dupTAGTAAG), believed to result in premature termination of the protein. The patient did not exhibit macrocephaly or extraoral skin lesions and did not have any obvious cognitive deficit.Conclusions: This presentation of a Cowden syndrome‐like scenario demonstrates that intraoral lesions may be the first symptom leading to a diagnosis of PHTS. Furthermore, the case shows that communication with and referral from the general dentist to specialists (e.g., oral pathologist, oral surgeon, or periodontist) can facilitate the establishment of a definitive diagnosis and allow for preventive screening and genetic counseling to aid in the treatment of secondary diseases, most notably associated cancers.
Modeling Techniques for Foam Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Ma Kun , Ren Guangwei , Mateen Khalid , Morel Danielle , Cordelier Philippe 
Published: February 2015

Summary
Foam, a dispersion of gas in liquid, has been investigated as a tool for gas-mobility and conformance control in porous media for a variety of applications since the late 1950s. These applications include enhanced oil recovery, matrix-acidization treatments, gas-leakage prevention, as well as contaminated-aquifer remediation. To understand the complex physics of foam in porous media and to implement foam processes in a more-controllable way, various foam-modeling techniques were developed in the past 3 decades.
This paper reviews modeling approaches obtained from different publications for describing foam flow through porous media. Specifically, we tabulate models on the basis of their respective characteristics, including implicit-texture as well as mechanistic population-balance foam models. In various population-balance models, how foam texture is obtained and how gas mobility is altered as a function of foam texture, among other variables, are presented and compared. It is generally understood that both the gas relative permeability and viscosity vary in the reduction of gas mobility through foam generation in porous media. However, because the two parameters appear together in the Darcy equation, different approaches were taken to alter the mobility in the various models: only reduction of gas relative permeability, increasing of effective gas viscosity, or a combination of both. The applicability and limitations of each approach are discussed. How various foam-generation mechanisms play a role in the foam-generation function in mechanistic models is also discussed in this review, which is indispensable to reconcile the findings from different publications. In addition, other foam-modeling methods, such as the approaches that use fractional-flow theory and those that use percolation theory, are also reviewed in this work. Several challenges for foam modeling, including model selection and enhancement, fitting parameters to data, modeling oil effect on foam behavior, and scaling up of foam models, are also discussed at the end of this paper.
Preventable Major Cardiovascular Events Associated With Uncontrolled Glucose, Blood Pressure, and Lipids and Active Smoking in Adults With Diabetes With and Without Cardiovascular Disease: A Contemporary Analysis
Authors: Vazquez-Benitez Gabriela , Desai Jay R. , Xu Stanley , Goodrich Glenn K. , Schroeder Emily B. , Nichols Gregory A. , Segal Jodi , Butler Melissa G. , Karter Andrew J. , Steiner John F. , Newton Katherine M. , Morales Leo S. , Pathak Ram D. , Thomas Abraham , Reynolds Kristi , Kirchner H. Lester , Waitzfelder Beth , Elston Lafata Jennifer , Adibhatla Renuka , Xu Zhiyuan , O’Connor Patrick J. 
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of major cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization events and all-cause deaths among adults with diabetes with or without CV disease (CVD) associated with inadequately controlled glycated hemoglobin (A1C), high LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), high blood pressure (BP), and current smoking.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Study subjects included 859,617 adults with diabetes enrolled for more than 6 months during 2005–2011 in a network of 11 U.S. integrated health care organizations. Inadequate risk factor control was classified as LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL, A1C ≥7% (53 mmol/mol), BP ≥140/90 mm Hg, or smoking. Major CV events were based on primary hospital discharge diagnoses for myocardial infarction (MI) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS), stroke, or heart failure (HF). Five-year incidence rates, rate ratios, and average attributable fractions were estimated using multivariable Poisson regression models.

RESULTS
Mean (SD) age at baseline was 59 (14) years; 48% of subjects were female, 45% were white, and 31% had CVD. Mean follow-up was 59 months. Event rates per 100 person-years for adults with diabetes and CVD versus those without CVD were 6.0 vs. 1.7 for MI/ACS, 5.3 vs. 1.5 for stroke, 8.4 vs. 1.2 for HF, 18.1 vs. 40 for all CV events, and 23.5 vs. 5.0 for all-cause mortality. The percentages of CV events and deaths associated with inadequate risk factor control were 11% and 3%, respectively, for those with CVD and 34% and 7%, respectively, for those without CVD.

CONCLUSIONS
Additional attention to traditional CV risk factors could yield further substantive reductions in CV events and mortality in adults with diabetes.
A randomized controlled trial of factors influencing fire occurrence during laser surgery of cadaveric rodents under simulated mask anesthesia
Authors: Selleri Paolo , Girolamo Nicola Di 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether face mask fit during anesthesia affects the occurrence of fire episodes during laser surgery in nonintubated cadaveric rodents under volatile anesthesia.
Design—Adaptive single-center randomized controlled trial with an interim analysis.
Sample—100 dead rats intended for animal consumption.
Procedures—Rat carcasses were randomly allocated to undergo simulated anesthetic procedures with 2 face masks: open mask versus tight-fitting mask. Under volatile anesthesia, 4 cutaneous surgeries were performed (skin biopsies at 3 different sites and resection of a pinna) by means of a diode laser on each carcass. A single interim analysis of 50 rats was planned a priori to drop an arm of the study in the case of a highly significant difference in the incidence of fire events. Surgeries would have continued with the other face mask until completion of the study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.
Results—Overall, 25 surgeries were performed with open face masks and 75 with tight-fitting masks. During 400 surgical procedures on 100 rat carcasses, 11 (11%; 95% confidence interval, 5.62% to 18.83%) fire events occurred. Ten fire events occurred with the open masks, and 1 fire event occurred with the tight-fitting masks (relative risk, 30.0; 95% confidence interval, 4.0 to 222.8). All of the fire events occurred on different carcasses when cheek skin biopsy was performed. Procedure time, body weight, and surgeon did not significantly concur in the prediction of fire events.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Modification of open masks by the addition of a latex diaphragm significantly reduced the occurrence of fire ignition during laser surgery. Results suggested that open masks should not be used for laser surgery of nonintubated rodents during volatile anesthesia. Additionally, results indicated that surgical lasers should be avoided for facial surgery of nonintubated anesthetized rodents, even if tight-fitting masks are used. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015;246:639–644)
Les communautés épistémiques pénales et la production législative en matière criminelle
Authors: Enguéléguélé Stéphane 
Published: February 2015

Penal Epistemic Communities and the Making of Criminal Law Norms.
Rediscovering the heuristic potential of Max Weber's patterns, researchers in the field of légal sociology present law as an operative fiction in the social regulation process. In many monographies on the penal field, the making of criminal law is depicted as a game between actors who want to achieve specific goals in the process. The concept of « penal epistemic communities » will help to evaluate the influence of knowledge on the building of penal strategies, and to weigh the action potential of social networks on the penal field, whose members try to orient the formal response to criminal problems.
La constitution du système Schengen : son impact sur les acteurs locaux du contrôle
Authors: de Lemos Capeller Wanda 
Published: February 2015

The Constitution of the Schengen System : Its Impact Upon Local Actors.
The European Union has been defining new "regional" strategies of control implemented through intergovernmental conventions for several decades. The Schengen agreements, ratified in 1985, were designed as compensatory mechanisms to lessen the effects resulting from the free circulation of goods and people. This article analyses the Schengen System' s process of structuring and presents certain facts drawn from a field study whose objectives were to evaluate the impact of this System on local actors of control and their daily practices on either side of the French and Spanish border. This impact was evaluated in relation to both the practical and discursive conscience of those accomplishing the control, particularly those most directly involved in the task.
Le paradoxe de la gauche française au pouvoir : développement des libertés judiciaires et continuité de la dépendance de la Justice
Authors: Bancaud Alain 
Published: February 2015

The Paradox of the French Left in Power : Development of Judicial Liberties and the Continuity of the Judicial System' s Dependence.
The partial opening of the Republic' s Presidential archives (1981-1983) shows that the Left' s arrival in office, aside important reforms improving freedom, is marked by a political will to control judicial nominations and to intervene both in the management of affairs and the implementation of legal decisions. The attachaient of politics to such privileges, that are traditional, is not only related to a fear of a government of judges or the desire to guarantee a kind of judicial impunity : its practice allows the president of the Republic to appear like a suprême judge and to thus confirm his authority over citizens, political figures and notables alike.
Droit de la Sécurité sociale et réalité de l'organisation : l'exemple de la branche famille
Authors: Choquet Luc-Henry , Sayn Isabelle 
Published: February 2015

Social Security Law and the Reality of the Organisation : The Family Section as an Example.
The Family section of the Social Security System is supposed to distribute benefits such as family benefits, single parent benefits, or a minimum income support. This activity is meant to link formal equality based on texts with actual equality when dealing with individual cases. This paper discusses the steps taken by the organisation which favour interpretation by the accumulation of secondary rules over legal qualification.
La complexité comme paradigme pour concevoir une régulation juridique adéquate
Authors: Diebolt Serge 
Published: February 2015

Complexity as a Paradigm for Drawing a « Satisficing » Legal Regulation.
A morphogenetic study of the co-evolution of societies and their legal Systems requires the use of new paradigms, going beyond a strictly positivist framework. A non-paradoxical explanation of a movement with a succession of single pictures is impossible, except if complex and constructivist paradigms are used. Well-defined concepts can give a « satisficing » representation of reality. This makes it possible to suggest a model of the emergence of a legally regulated social System. This type of projective modelling, combining deconstruction and simulation, can be useful in a legistic process, by allowing the evaluation of the foreseeable and non foreseeable consequences of norms.
Effects of floral metal accumulation on floral visitor communities: Introducing the elemental filter hypothesis
Authors: Meindl George A. , Ashman Tia‐Lynn 
Published: February 2015

• Premise of the study: For plant species that occur in heavy‐metal‐rich soil, floral metal accumulation may produce an “elemental filter” that reduces pollinator visitation rate and species richness and changes pollinator species composition relative to closely related species growing on normal soils. Consequently, metal hyperaccumulation may contribute to pollinator‐mediated reproductive isolation between closely related plant species that differ in metal accumulation.• Methods: To test these ideas, we characterized plant–pollinator interactions in a sympatric pair of species that differ in metal accumulation (Streptanthus polygaloides, a nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulator, and S. tortuosus, a nonaccumulator). To test the elemental filter hypothesis, we presented arrays of S. polygaloides that were grown in either Ni‐treated or control soils to insects at both S. polygaloides and S. tortuosus sites and recorded visitation.• Key results: Naturally occurring S. polygaloides hyperaccumulated Ni in anthers and accumulated Ni in nectar, while S. tortuosus did not. Floral visitation rates in natural populations were higher to S. tortuosus than S. polygaloides. In addition, while floral visitor richness was similar, few pollinator taxa were shared between the two plant species. Nickel‐treatment of S. polygaloides reduced visits by bees, but only for arrays presented at S. tortuosus sites.• Conclusions: We show that the Ni hyperaccumulator S. polygaloides hosts a distinct floral visitor community, indicating that metal accumulation creates a filter for pollinators, similar to that documented for herbivores. Our study highlights a novel mechanism by which the abiotic environment can alter plant–pollinator interactions, and consequently plant reproduction and speciation.