bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a peer education on cardiac self‐efficacy and readmissions in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized‐controlled trial
Authors: Varaei Shokoh , Shamsizadeh Morteza , Cheraghi Mohammad A , Talebi Mitra , Dehghani Ali , Abbasi Ali 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTAimThis study aimed to investigate the effects of a peer education on cardiac self‐efficacy (CSE) and readmission of the patients undergoing bypass surgery.BackgroundSelf‐efficacy is an antecedent vital factor in both initiating and maintaining healthy behaviours. It significantly improves after effects of heart attacks, anxiety and diminishes the possibility of readmission.DesignThis study is a randomized‐controlled trial.MethodSixty patients undergoing bypass surgery were chosen and assigned equally into the control and intervention groups. While routine education was presented to the patients in the control group, intervention group were taught using the peer education in two sessions. CSE of all the selected patients was assessed orderly in 5 days, 4 weeks and 8 months after surgery. Moreover, their readmission was investigated after 8 months from surgery. Data was collected using demographic and the CSE scale. Data were also analysed by using χ2, Kolmogorov‐Smirnov and repeated measures analysis of variance tests.ResultsThe mean score of CSE in the intervention group was significantly different from the corresponding number in the control group in all three stages of data collecting (p < 0·001). Compared to the control group, a smaller number of the patients in the intervention group were readmitted to the hospitals after 8 months (p = 0·011).ConclusionsImplementation of peer education has positive effects on CSE in patients who have bypass surgery and reduces their hospital readmission. It can be beneficial to apply this method as an educative‐supportive approach in cardiac surgery fields.Relevance to clinical practiceImplementation of peer education has positive effects on CSE in these patients and reduces their hospital readmission.
Oral care for intubated patients: a survey of intensive care unit nurses
Authors: Saddki Norkhafizah , Mohamad Sani Farah Elani , Tin‐Oo Mon Mon 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTAimsThis study aimed to determine attitudes and practices of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses towards provision of oral care for intubated patients.BackgroundOral care is as an essential nursing intervention for intubated patients to maintain patient comfort and prevent colonization of dental plaque by respiratory pathogens.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study.MethodsData were collected from 93 ICU nurses of a teaching hospital in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia using a self‐administered questionnaire.ResultsSome nurses agreed that oral cavity of intubated patients was difficult (40·8%) and unpleasant (16·2%) to clean, but all of them realized the importance of oral care and the majority (97·9%) would like to learn more about it. Most nurses reported providing oral care at least two times daily using various methods and products such as suction toothbrush (90·4%), manual toothbrush (49·5%), cotton swab (91·5%) and foam swab (65·7%). Chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse was the preferred mouthwash (97·8%) and swabs (93·5%) solution although few used non‐optimal products such as sodium bicarbonate (14·0%), tap water (4·3%) and hydrogen peroxide (3·2%) to wash their patients' mouths. While the majority of nurses agreed that oral care supplies and equipments were available (93·6%) and suitable (88·2%), most of them also thought they need better hospital support (88·2%).ConclusionsThe nurses' attitudes towards oral care were generally positive and most oral care methods were appropriate. However, some methods and products used were inconsistent with the current recommendations and they have mixed views about the suitability of oral care supplies and equipment provided by the hospital.Relevance to clinical practiceRecommendations were made for providing standard oral care protocols for intubated patients and oral care training programs for ICU nurses to support delivery of quality patient care.
Application of a glycaemic control optimization programme in patients with stress hyperglycaemia
Authors: Shi Zeya , Tang Siyuan , Chen Yuxiang , Lee Diana T‐F , Chair Sek Y , Jiang Bo , Zhu Xu , Pan Xiaoji , Yang Jinxu , Qin Yuelan 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundStress‐induced hyperglycaemia (SHG) can be observed in as high as 75% of critically ill patients, which can induce severe complications or adverse events. However, conventional intensive insulin therapy (CIIT) tends to induce hypoglycaemia and glucose variability.AimsThis study investigated the clinical effects of a blood glycaemic control optimization programme (BGCOP) in patients with stress hyperglycaemia post hepatobiliary or pancreatic surgery.DesignThis study is a randomized, controlled, prospective clinical observation.MethodsEighty‐six patients with postoperative SHG were randomly divided into a control and experimental groups. Participants in the control group underwent CIIT, while participants in the experimental group underwent blood glycaemic control optimization programme (BGCOP). A range of 7·8–10·0 mmol/L was designated as the target range for effective control of blood sugar. The validity index, adverse events and complications were compared between two groups.ResultsCompared to participants treated with CIIT, participants treated with BGCOP reached the target range of blood sugar levels more quickly (p = 0·000). The high glycaemic index (p = 0·000), incidence of hypoglycaemia (p = 0·011), and other adverse events as well as the incidence of abdominal infection (p = 0·026), incision infection (p = 0·044), and lung infection (p = 0·047) were significantly lower in participants who underwent the BGCOP than in patients treated with CIIT.ConclusionBGCOP can more effectively control blood sugar levels compared with CIIT in patients with SHG after hepatobiliary or pancreatic surgery.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides a direction for blood glycaemic control in patients with stress hyperglycaemia post hepatobiliary or pancreatic surgery.
Pilot study trialling a new ambulatory method for the clinical assessment of regional gastrointestinal transit using multiple electromagnetic capsules
Authors: Haase A. M. , Gregersen T. , Schlageter V. , Scott M. S. , Demierre M. , Kucera P. , Dahlerup J. F. , Krogh K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal (GI) motor disorders often involve several regions of the GI tract. Therefore, easy and safe assessment of whole gut and regional motility is valuable for more precise diagnosis. 3D‐Transit is a novel method for ambulatory evaluation of total and regional gastrointestinal transit times (GITT) based on the anatomical localization of ingestible electromagnetic capsules. The main purpose of this study was to test the performance of the 3D‐Transit system.MethodsTwenty healthy volunteers each ingested three electromagnetic capsules over a period of two consecutive days. Standard radio‐opaque markers (ROM) were also ingested to assess the agreement between total GITT obtained with both methods.Key ResultsInvestigations were well‐tolerated and three capsules could be tracked simultaneously with minimal data loss (Capsule 1: median: 0.2% of time (range 0–25.3%). Region specific contraction patterns were identified and used for computation of total and regional GITT in all subjects. Inter‐observer agreement was 100% for total GITT (median variation 0%) but less for regional GITT. Day‐to‐day and diurnal variations were significant for total and regional GITT. Total GITT assessed by 3D‐Transit capsules were moderately well‐correlated to those assessed with standard ROM (Spearman's rho = 0.7).Conclusions & Inferences3D‐transit is a well‐tolerated and minimal invasive ambulatory method for assessment of GI motility. By providing both total and regional transit times, the 3D‐Transit system holds great promise for future clinical studies of GI function in health and disease.
The effect of endoscopic fundoplication and proton pump inhibitors on baseline impedance and heartburn severity in GERD patients
Authors: Rinsma N. F. , Farré R. , Bouvy N. D. , Masclee A. A. M. , Conchillo J. M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundAntireflux therapy may lead to recovery of impaired mucosal integrity in gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients as reflected by an increase in baseline impedance. The study objective was to evaluate the effect of endoscopic fundoplication and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) PPI therapy on baseline impedance and heartburn severity in GERD patients.MethodsForty‐seven GERD patients randomized to endoscopic fundoplication (n = 32) or PPI therapy (n = 15), and 29 healthy controls were included. Before randomization and 6 months after treatment, baseline impedance was obtained during 24‐h pH‐impedance monitoring. Heartburn severity was evaluated using the GERD‐HRQL questionnaire.Key ResultsBefore treatment, baseline impedance in GERD patients was lower than in healthy controls (p < 0.001). Antireflux therapy increased baseline impedance (from 1498 [IQR 951–2472] to 2393 [IQR 1353–3027] Ω, p = 0.001), however it only led to a partial recovery when compared to healthy controls (2393 [IQR 1353–3027] vs 2983 [2335–3810] Ω, p < 0.01). The effect of both treatment options was not significantly different (p = 0.13) despite the increased number of non‐acid reflux events in the PPI group. No correlation was found between baseline impedance and GERD symptoms before or after treatment.Conclusions & InferencesReduction in acid reflux by endoscopic fundoplication or PPI therapy leads to an increase in baseline impedance in GERD patients, likely to reflect recovery of mucosal integrity. The impact of non‐acid reflux events on esophageal mucosal integrity may be limited as no difference in the increase in baseline impedance was observed after both treatment options. The lack of association between impedance baseline and heartburn severity indicates that other factors may contribute to heartburn perception in GERD.
Changes in root architecture under elevated concentrations of CO2 and nitrogen reflect alternate soil exploration strategies
Authors: Beidler Katilyn V. , Taylor Benton N. , Strand Allan E. , Cooper Emily R. , Schönholz Marcos , Pritchard Seth G. 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Predicting the response of fine roots to increased atmospheric CO2 concentration has important implications for carbon (C) and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Root architecture is known to play an important role in how trees acquire soil resources in changing environments. However, the effects of elevated CO2 on the fine‐root architecture of trees remain unclear.

We investigated the architectural response of fine roots exposed to 14 yr of CO2 enrichment and 6 yr of nitrogen (N) fertilization in a Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) forest. Root traits reflecting geometry, topology and uptake function were measured on intact fine‐root branches removed from soil monoliths and the litter layer.

CO2 enrichment resulted in the development of a fine‐root pool that was less dichotomous and more exploratory under N‐limited conditions. The per cent mycorrhizal colonization did not differ among treatments, suggesting that root growth and acclimation to elevated CO2 were quantitatively more important than increased mycorrhizal associations.

Our findings emphasize the importance of architectural plasticity in response to environmental change and suggest that changes in root architecture may allow trees to effectively exploit larger volumes of soil, thereby pre‐empting progressive nutrient limitations.
Asthma and insulin resistance in obese children and adolescents
Authors: Sánchez Jiménez José , Herrero Espinet F. Javier , Mengibar Garrido José M. , Roca Antonio Josep , Peños Mayor Sara , Peñas Boira María del Mar , Roca Comas Amadeu , Ballester Martínez Anna 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundObese children and adolescents have an increased risk for asthma. A few studies have evaluated the association of insulin resistance and asthma in obese pediatric populations. We examined whether there was a relationship between high degrees of insulin resistance and the presence of asthma in obese children and adolescents.MethodsA total of 153 patients aged 4–15 years with at or above the 95th percentile BMI for age were prospectively recruited. Assessments included diagnosis of asthma, skin prick test reactivity to common environmental aeroallergens, and HOMA estimated insulin resistance, with the median (2.22) used as a cutoff value to categorize insulin resistance.ResultsThere were 56 (36.6%) asthmatic and 97 (63.4%) non‐asthmatic patients. HOMA values were significantly associated with positive skin tests (p = 0.008) and allergic asthma diagnosis (p = 0.016). Baseline insulin value was significantly associated with the risk of presenting asthma with positive skin testing (odds ratio 1.084, p = 0.037). Differences in age, BMI, and waist circumference were found between the groups of HOMA‐IR <2.22 and ≥2.22. Waist circumference (WC) was significantly associated with FVC (p = 0.0001) and FEV1 (p < 0.0003); the greater the WC, the lower FVC and FEV1 values.ConclusionsInsulin resistance is a risk for allergic asthma in obese children and adolescents. Waist circumference was related to CVF and FEV1 impairment.
Predicted vitamin D status in mid‐pregnancy and child allergic disease
Authors: Maslova Ekaterina , Hansen Susanne , Thorne‐Lyman Andrew L. , Jensen Camilla B. , Strøm Marin , Cohen Arieh , Nielsen Nina O. , Olsen Sjurdur F. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D deficiency in pregnancy may be a risk factor for child allergic disease. However, less is known about disease risk across different levels of vitamin D.ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the relation between a maternal vitamin D prediction score and child allergic disease.MethodsA total of 32,456 pregnant women were enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996–2003) and had data on a validated vitamin D prediction score based on 1497 mid‐pregnancy plasma 25(OH)D samples. Child allergic disease was assessed at 18 months and at 7 years using questionnaire data and national registry extracts. We used multivariable log‐binomial models to quantify risk ratios (RR) and 95% CI. Plasma 25(OH)D was examined in a stability analysis.ResultsMedian (IQR) vitamin D prediction score was 58.7 (49.2–69.0) nmol/l. In main analysis, there was no association between vitamin D prediction score examined in quintiles or by restricted categories (≥75 nmol/l and <25 nmol/l vs. 25–74.9 nmol/l) and child allergic disease. However, maternal vitamin D prediction score ≥100 nmol/l(vs. 50–79.9 nmol/l) was associated with increased risks of child asthma at 18 months (RR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.80) and asthma by hospital admission (RR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.62). For vitamin D prediction score <25–30 nmol/l, there were increased risks of child asthma at 18 months and by hospital admission and medication prescription at age 7, although these findings were not robust to covariate adjustment. Similar results were found for plasma 25(OH)D.ConclusionsOur study provided little evidence for an association between maternal vitamin D prediction score and child allergic disease for scores ≥75 nmol/l. However, increased risks were observed for vitamin D prediction score ≥100 nmol/l. These associations are hypothesis generating and would need to be replicated in other cohorts.
The role of self‐image as a predictor of psychotherapy outcome
Authors: Ryum Truls , Vogel Patrick A. , Walderhaug Eirik P. , Stiles Tore C. 
Published: October 2014

The present study examined the relationship between self‐image and outcome in psychotherapy. Patients (n = 170) received treatment‐as‐usual at a university clinic, and met diagnostic criteria for mostly anxiety and depression related disorders. Self‐image was measured with the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB‐I) introject pre and post‐treatment. Using multiple regression analyses, higher levels of Self‐ignore and Self‐blame pre‐treatment predicted a poorer treatment outcome in terms of symptoms (SCL‐90‐R) and interpersonal problems (IIP‐64), respectively. Increase in Self‐love and decrease in Self‐blame (pre to post) predicted reduced symptoms at post‐treatment, whereas decrease in Self‐attack and Self‐control, as well as increase in Self‐affirm, predicted reduced interpersonal problems. The results suggest that self‐image improvement may be important in order to achieve a good outcome in psychotherapy.
From Taboo to Tourist Industry: The Construction of Interracial Intimacies between Black Men and White Women in Colonial and Contemporary Times
Authors: Meszaros Julia , Bazzaroni Christina 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis literature review examines the role emotions play in the construction and regulation of commercialized heterosexual interracial intimacies between White women and Black men, beginning with the strict regulations of the colonial era, and moving to the development of “romance tourism” in the contemporary era between Northern White women and Black men in the Caribbean. During colonialism, White men constructed a taboo against sexual relationships between White women and Black men in order to ensure their dominance over women in their own racial group and all “Other” men. In contemporary times, relationships between White women and Black men have moved from taboo and marginalized to touristic attraction, as more middle class White women from the United States head to the Caribbean (and at times Africa) in search of romance with local men, demonstrating the importance that emotions like desire have in (re)producing globalization.
One and the same: integrative taxonomic evidence that Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the same species as the Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: SCHUTZE MARK K. , MAHMOOD KHALID , PAVASOVIC ANA , BO WANG , NEWMAN JAYE , CLARKE ANTHONY R. , KROSCH MATTHEW N. , CAMERON STEPHEN L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe invasive fruit fly Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White, and the Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) are highly destructive horticultural pests of global significance. Bactrocera invadens originates from the Indian subcontinent and has recently invaded all of sub‐Saharan Africa, while B. dorsalis principally occurs from the Indian subcontinent towards southern China and South‐east Asia. High morphological and genetic similarity has cast doubt over whether B. invadens is a distinct species from B. dorsalis. Addressing this issue within an integrative taxonomic framework, we sampled from across the geographic distribution of both taxa and: (i) analysed morphological variation, including those characters considered diagnostic (scutum colour, length of aedeagus, width of postsutural lateral vittae, wing size, and wing shape); (ii) sequenced four loci (ITS1, ITS2, cox1 and nad4) for phylogenetic inference; and (iii) generated a cox1 haplotype network to examine population structure. Molecular analyses included the closely related species, Bactrocera kandiensis Drew & Hancock. Scutum colour varies from red‐brown to fully black for individuals from Africa and the Indian subcontinent. All individuals east of the Indian subcontinent are black except for a few red‐brown individuals from China. The postsutural lateral vittae width of B. invadens is narrower than B. dorsalis from eastern Asia, but the variation is clinal, with subcontinent B. dorsalis populations intermediate in size. Aedeagus length, wing shape and wing size cannot discriminate between the two taxa. Phylogenetic analyses failed to resolve B. invadens from B. dorsalis, but did resolve B. kandiensis. Bactrocera dorsalis and B. invadens shared cox1 haplotypes, yet the haplotype network pattern does not reflect current taxonomy or patterns in thoracic colour. Some individuals of B. dorsalis/B. invadens possessed haplotypes more closely related to B. kandiensis than to conspecifics, suggestive of mitochondrial introgression between these species. The combined evidence fails to support the delimitation of B. dorsalis and B. invadens as separate biological species. Consequently, existing biological data for B. dorsalis may be applied to the invasive population in Africa. Our recommendation, in line with other recent publications, is that B. invadens be synonymized with B. dorsalis.
Copper isotope fractionation in the Meiduk porphyry copper deposit, Northwest of Kerman Cenozoic magmatic arc, Iran
Authors: Asadi Sina , Mathur Ryan , Moore Farid , Zarasvandi Alireza 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe Meiduk deposit possesses three different Cu reservoirs each with a unique Cu isotope signature. δ65Cu for the leached cap minerals ranges from −2.5 to +0.49‰ to −0.45 to +0.3‰ for hypogene minerals and from +1.3 to +4.4‰ for supergene enrichment minerals. Oxidation of hypogene sulphides and effective trapping of copper (from solutions derived from the leached cap) in the supergene enrichment zone caused this relationship. A systematic pattern of low Cu isotope values close to the surface and higher isotope values with depth reveals a palaeo‐fluid pathway in the northwest–southeast direction over the deposit. Thus, the copper isotope data from leached cap and enrichment minerals can be used to monitor copper migration during supergene weathering at the Meiduk deposit.
Signers and Co‐speech Gesturers Adopt Similar Strategies for Portraying Viewpoint in Narratives
Authors: Quinto‐Pozos David , Parrill Fey 
Published: October 2014

AbstractGestural viewpoint research suggests that several dimensions determine which perspective a narrator takes, including properties of the event described. Events can evoke gestures from the point of view of a character (CVPT), an observer (OVPT), or both perspectives. CVPT and OVPT gestures have been compared to constructed action (CA) and classifiers (CL) in signed languages. We ask how CA and CL, as represented in ASL productions, compare to previous results for CVPT and OVPT from English‐speaking co‐speech gesturers. Ten ASL signers described cartoon stimuli from Parrill (2010). Events shown by Parrill to elicit a particular gestural strategy (CVPT, OVPT, both) were coded for signers' instances of CA and CL. CA was divided into three categories: CA‐torso, CA‐affect, and CA‐handling. Signers used CA‐handling the most when gesturers used CVPT exclusively. Additionally, signers used CL the most when gesturers used OVPT exclusively and CL the least when gesturers used CVPT exclusively.