bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IAPP - oligomerisation levels in plasma of people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Rehn Fabian , Kraemer-Schulien Victoria , Bujnicki Tuyen , Bannach Oliver , Tschoepe Diethelm , Stratmann Bernd , Willbold Dieter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIslet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic ß-cells. Its oligomerisation is regarded as disease driving force in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathology. Up to now, IAPP oligomers have been detected in affected tissues. IAPP oligomer concentrations in blood have not been analysed so far. Using the IAPP single-oligomer-sensitive and monomer-insensitive surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA) technology, levels of IAPP oligomers in blood plasma from healthy controls and people with T2D in different disease stages where determined. Subsequently, the level of IAPP oligomerisation was introduced as the ratio between the IAPP oligomers determined with sFIDA and the total IAPP concentration determined with ELISA. Highest oligomerisation levels were detected in plasma of people with T2D without late complication and without insulin therapy. Their levels stand out significantly from the control group. Healthy controls presented with the lowest oligomerisation levels in plasma. In people with T2D without complications, IAPP oligomerisation levels correlated with disease duration. The results clearly demonstrate that IAPP oligomerisation in insulin-naïve patients correlates with duration of T2D. Although a correlation per se does not identify, which is cause and what is consequence, this result supports the hypothesis that IAPP aggregation is the driving factor of T2D development and progression. The alternative and conventional hypothesis explains development of T2D with increasing insulin resistance causing exhaustion of pancreatic ß-cells due to over-secretion of insulin, and thus IAPP, too, resulting in subsequent IAPP aggregation and fibril deposition in the pancreas. Further experiments and comparative analyses with primary tissues are warranted.
Computation of biological conductance with Liouville quantum master equation
Authors: Papp Eszter , Vattay Gábor 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent experiments have revealed that single proteins can display high conductivity, which stays finite for low temperatures, decays slowly with distance, and exhibits a rich spatial structure featuring highly conducting and strongly insulating domains. Here, we intruduce a new formula by combining the density matrix of the Liouville-Master Equation simulating quantum transport in nanoscale devices, and the phenomenological model of electronic conductance through molecules, that can account for the observed distance- and temperature dependence of conductance in proteins. We demonstrate its efficacy on experimentally highly conductive extracellular cytochrome nanowires, which are good candidates to illustrate our new approach by calculating and visualizing their electronic wiring, given the interest in the arrangement of their conducting and insulating parts. As proteins and protein nanowires exhibit significant potential for diverse applications, including energy production and sensing, our computational technique can accelerate the design of nano-bioelectronic devices.
The diagnostic potential of urine in paediatric patients undergoing initial treatment for tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Isaiah Simon , Westerhuis Johan A. , Loots Du Toit , Solomons Regan , van Furth Marceline Tutu , van Elsland Sabine , van der Kuip Martijn , Mason Shayne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTuberculous meningitis (TBM)—the extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis, is the most severe complication associated with tuberculosis, particularly in infants and children. The gold standard for the diagnosis of TBM requires cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through lumbar puncture—an invasive sample collection method, and currently available CSF assays are often not sufficient for a definitive TBM diagnosis. Urine is metabolite-rich and relatively unexplored in terms of its potential to diagnose neuroinfectious diseases. We used an untargeted proton magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) metabolomics approach to compare the urine from 32 patients with TBM (stratified into stages 1, 2 and 3) against that from 39 controls in a South African paediatric cohort. Significant spectral bins had to satisfy three of our four strict cut-off quantitative statistical criteria. Five significant biological metabolites were identified—1-methylnicotinamide, 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid, N-acetylglutamine and methanol—which had no correlation with medication metabolites. ROC analysis revealed that methanol lacked diagnostic sensitivity, but the other four metabolites showed good diagnostic potential. Furthermore, we compared mild (stage 1) TBM and severe (stages 2 and 3) TBM, and our multivariate metabolic model could successfully classify severe but not mild TBM. Our results show that urine can potentially be used to diagnose severe TBM.
The bacterial microbiome and resistome of house dust mites in Irish homes
Authors: Aljohani Amal , Clarke David , Byrne Miriam , Fleming Gerard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDust samples were collected from Irish homes. House Dust Mite and storage mites were separated from the dust. The microbiome and resistome of mites and originating dust were assessed using a culture-independent approach. The bacterial microbiome of mites and dust were predominantly populated by Staphylococci. There was a highly significant (P = 0.005; Spearman’s rank test) correlation between the bacterial microbiome of mites and the dust. One-hundred and eighteen antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were associated with mites and 176 with dust. Both contained ARGs encoding resistance for multi drug resistances, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, mobile genetic elements, Beta-lactam, Tetracycline and Aminoglycosides. By contrast, 15 ARGs were found for a laboratory-grown strain of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. A significant difference (P = 0.03; t test) was found in means between the resistome of mites and the household dust from which they emanated. No significant correlations (P = 0.23 and P = 0.22; Mantel test) were observed between the microbiome and resistome of mite and dust samples. There was not a significant difference (P = 0.54; t-test) between the means of ARGs for homes with and without a history of antibiotic use.
BRD-810 is a highly selective MCL1 inhibitor with optimized in vivo clearance and robust efficacy in solid and hematological tumor models
Authors: Rauh Ulrike , Wei Guo , Serrano-Wu Michael , Kosmidis Georgios , Kaulfuss Stefan , Siegel Franziska , Thede Kai , McFarland James , Lemke Christopher T. , Werbeck Nicolas , Nowak-Reppel Katrin , Pilari Sabine , Menz Stephan , Ocker Matthias , Zhang Weiqun , Davis Kyle , Poncet-Montange Guillaume , Roth Jennifer , Daniels Douglas , Kaushik Virendar K. , Hubbard Brian , Ziegelbauer Karl , Golub Todd R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe MCL1 gene is frequently amplified in cancer and codes for the antiapoptotic protein myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1), which confers resistance to the current standard of care. Therefore, MCL1 is an attractive anticancer target. Here we describe BRD-810 as a potent and selective MCL1 inhibitor and its key design principle of rapid systemic clearance to potentially minimize area under the curve-driven toxicities associated with MCL1 inhibition. BRD-810 induced rapid cell killing within 4 h in vitro but, in the same 4-h window, had no impact on cell viability or troponin I release in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, even at suprapharmacologic concentrations. In vivo BRD-810 induced efficacy in xenograft hematological and solid tumor models despite the short residence time of BRD-810 in plasma. In totality, our data support the hypothesis that short-term inhibition of MCL1 with BRD-810 can induce apoptosis in tumor cells while maintaining an acceptable safety profile. We, therefore, intend to advance BRD-810 to clinical trials.
New concepts in the roles of AMPK in adipocyte stem cell biology
Authors: Pollard Alice E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for many life-threatening diseases. Adipose tissue dysfunction is emerging as a driving factor in the transition from excess adiposity to comorbidities such as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes and cancer. However, the transition from healthy adipose expansion to the development of these conditions is poorly understood. Adipose stem cells, residing in the vasculature and stromal regions of subcutaneous and visceral depots, are responsible for the expansion and maintenance of organ function, and are now recognised as key mediators of pathological transformation. Impaired tissue expansion drives inflammation, dysregulation of endocrine function and the deposition of lipids in the liver, muscle and around vital organs, where it is toxic. Contrary to previous hypotheses, it is the promotion of healthy adipose tissue expansion and function, not inhibition of adipogenesis, that presents the most attractive therapeutic strategy in the treatment of metabolic disease. AMP-activated protein kinase, a master regulator of energy homeostasis, has been regarded as one such target, due to its central role in adipose tissue lipid metabolism, and its apparent inhibition of adipogenesis. However, recent studies utilising AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-specific compounds highlight a more subtle, time-dependent role for AMPK in the process of adipogenesis, and in a previously unexplored repression of leptin, independent of adipocyte maturity. In this article, I discuss historic evidence for AMPK-mediated adipogenesis inhibition and the multi-faceted roles for AMPK in adipose tissue.
Multi‐parameter identification method of induction motor based on coupling and small signal injection
Authors: Zhong Zhihong , Fang Xiaochun , Lin Fei , Yang Zhongping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSensorless induction motor control has been widely applied to the rail transit field. However, achieving a safe stop of a train using electric braking without applying air braking has been an urgent problem to be solved. The current research only considers the stability of the speed identification in the low‐speed region and does not consider the impact of inaccurate parameters on the stability, which cannot ensure the stable braking and parking of the train under all working conditions. To address this problem, the coupling relationship between the motor speed and the stator resistance is used and an adaptive rate of them is designed based on the Lyapunov stability design law. In addition, aiming to reduce the torque ripple, a torque ripple elimination link is designed to cancel the torque ripple caused by the small‐signal injection. Experiments show that the proposed parallel identification strategy of speed, stator resistance, and rotor resistance can ensure the system operation stability in the low‐ and zero‐speed regions without increasing the torque ripple.
Influence of inclination angle on the pollution flashover voltage of contaminated silicone rubber
Authors: Lu Hailiang , Wang Wei , Zhang Yirui , Shao Keren , Wu Wenhua , Zhang Hu , Yuan Tian , Li Chun , Wen Xishan , Lan Lei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractV‐shaped composite insulator strings exhibit excellent resistance to pollution and wind deviation, resulting in their widespread use in transmission lines. The correlation between inclination angle of the shed surface and pollution flashover voltage can reflect the pollution flashover characteristics of V‐shaped composite insulator strings. Therefore, the relationship between inclination angle and pollution flashover voltage was studied through artificial pollution testing methods, and the relationship between inclination angle and degree of wetting was studied using the method of adding water to increase weight. The results of this study indicated that as the inclination angle increased within the range of 0°–180°, the degree of wetting on the surface of contaminated silicone rubber gradually decreased, whereas the pollution flashover voltage continuously increased. A model of water droplet collision and wetting on the surface of contaminated silicone rubber at different inclination angles was established. This model revealed that the gravity‐induced difference in the wetting states of the surface of contaminated silicone rubber under different inclination angles was responsible for the variation in pollution flashover voltages, with the maximum variation being 116.52%. The results of this study can inform the design and operation of V‐shaped composite insulators.
Welchen Einfluss haben Frührehabilitation und Reha-Management auf das
Outcome nach Polytrauma?
Authors: Lehmann Franziska , Heikenroth Cornelia , Choi Kyung-Eun , Schmidt Jörg 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit Polytrauma und anderen schweren muskuloskelettalen Verletzungen
sind häufig dauerhaft in ihrer Funktionalität und Lebensqualität beeinträchtigt.
Daraus resultieren Langzeitschäden mit hohen Kosten für die Sozialsysteme. Eine
narrative Übersicht soll zeigen, wie sich eine gezielte Koordination im
Rehabilitationsprozess von der Frührehabilitation bis über ein langfristiges
Reha-Management bei Patienten der Normalbevölkerung mit schweren
muskuloskelettalen Verletzungen auswirkt. Eine systematische Datenbankrecherche
in MEDLINE und der Cochrane Library identifizierte Studien zu
Mehrfachverletzten, in denen das Outcome von Frührehabilitationen und
Reha-Management mit anderen Versorgungsarten verglichen wurden. Ausgeschlossen
wurden Studien zu überwiegend Verletzungen des Nervensystems, Soldaten und
leichte Verletzungen mit einem ISS unter 9 oder AIS unter 3, sowie
Monoverletzungen. 4 Studien wurden eingeschlossen und ausgewertet. Sie
betrachteten die Funktionalität, Lebensqualität, psychische Beeinträchtigungen
und die Kosten. Während die Behandlungs- und Gesamtkosten für Frührehabilitation
und Reha-Management höher ausfielen, konnten im Gruppenvergleich keine besseren
Ergebnisse für die Funktionsentwicklung, psychische Verfassung und
Lebensqualität nachgewiesen werden. Eine Effektunterschätzung ist aufgrund
geringer Gruppendifferenzen und kleiner Anzahl der eingeschlossenen
Einzelstudien möglich. Die Studienlage ist unzureichend, um Aussagen zur
Effektivität der Interventionen geben zu können. Zukünftige Arbeiten sind
notwendig und sollten die Strukturen der Regelversorgung und nationale
Unterschiede der Sozialversicherungssysteme, sowie der gewählten Maßnahmen des
Reha-Managements stärker berücksichtigen.
Direct endoscopic necrosectomy: Pilot study of a new dedicated device
Authors: Ligresti Dario , Binda Cecilia , Fugazza Alessandro , Maida Marcello , Traina Mario , Anderloni Andrea , Fabbri Carlo , Tarantino Ilaria 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN)
represents the first-line treatment for walled-off necrosis (WON). However, DEN has a
non-negligible rate of overall adverse events (AE) and is time-consuming due to the lack of
dedicated devices. This pilot study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a
novel dedicated device for DEN named Necrolit.
Patients and methods In this multicenter retrospective
analysis,16 patients with WON who underwent DEN using Necrolit were compared with a control
group treated with non-dedicated devices. Technical success, AEs, clinical success, number of
procedures per patient, procedure time, and length of hospital stay were evaluated. Necrolit
technical performance indicators were also studied.
Results Technical success was obtained in all patients in both
groups. In the Necrolit group, the overall AE rate was 10.1% vs. 15.9% in the control group.
Clinical success was 100% in the Necrolit group vs. 81.3% in the control group. Patients
treated with Necrolit underwent a slightly lower mean number of procedures (4.1 ± 2.3 vs. 5.1
± 1.9) with comparable mean procedure time (67.8 ± 39 minutes vs. 70.1 ± 32.6 minutes). Mean
duration of hospital stay was 39.4 days (± 30.9) in the Necrolit group vs. 43 days (± 29.4) in
the control group. Device-related technical performance was rated positively.
Conclusions DEN with Necrolit appears feasible and safe.
Cochlear implant induced changes in cortical networks associated with tinnitus severity
Authors: Shoushtarian Mehrnaz , Esmaelpoor Jamal , Bravo Michelle M G , Fallon James B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective. We investigated tinnitus-related cortical networks in cochlear implant users who experience tinnitus and whose perception of tinnitus changes with use of their implant. Tinnitus, the perception of unwanted sounds which are not present externally, can be a debilitating condition. In individuals with cochlear implants, use of the implant is known to modulate tinnitus, often improving symptoms but worsening them in some cases. Little is known about underlying cortical changes with use of the implant, which lead to changes in tinnitus perception. In this study we investigated whether changes in brain networks with the cochlear implant turned on and off, were associated with changes in tinnitus perception, as rated subjectively. Approach. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, we recorded cortical activity at rest, from 14 cochlear implant users who experienced tinnitus. Recordings were performed with the cochlear implant turned off and on. For each condition, participants rated the loudness and annoyance of their tinnitus using a visual rating scale. Changes in neural synchrony have been reported in humans and animal models of tinnitus. To assess neural synchrony, functional connectivity networks with the implant turned on and off, were compared using two network features: node strength and diversity coefficient. Main results. Changes in subjective ratings of loudness were significantly correlated with changes in node strength, averaged across occipital channels (

r
=
−
0.65
,

p
=
0.01

). Changes in both loudness and annoyance were significantly correlated with changes in diversity coefficient averaged across all channels (

r
=
−
0.79
,
p
<
0.001

and

r
=
−
0.86
,
p
<
0.001

). More distributed connectivity with the implant on, compared to implant off, was associated with a reduction in tinnitus loudness and annoyance. Significance. A better understanding of neural mechanisms underlying tinnitus suppression with cochlear implant use, could lead to their application as a tinnitus treatment and pave the way for effective use of other less invasive stimulation-based treatments.
Identifying neural correlates of balance impairment in traumatic brain injury using partial least squares correlation analysis
Authors: Handiru Vikram Shenoy , Suviseshamuthu Easter Selvan , Saleh Soha , Su Haiyan , Yue Guang , Allexandre Didier 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective. Balance impairment is one of the most debilitating consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). To study the neurophysiological underpinnings of balance impairment, the brain functional connectivity during perturbation tasks can provide new insights. To better characterize the association between the task-relevant functional connectivity and the degree of balance deficits in TBI, the analysis needs to be performed on the data stratified based on the balance impairment. However, such stratification is not straightforward, and it warrants a data-driven approach. Approach. We conducted a study to assess the balance control using a computerized posturography platform in 17 individuals with TBI and 15 age-matched healthy controls. We stratified the TBI participants into balance-impaired and non-impaired TBI using k-means clustering of either center of pressure (COP) displacement during a balance perturbation task or Berg Balance Scale score as a functional outcome measure. We analyzed brain functional connectivity using the imaginary part of coherence across different cortical regions in various frequency bands. These connectivity features are then studied using the mean-centered partial least squares correlation analysis, which is a multivariate statistical framework with the advantage of handling more features than the number of samples, thus making it suitable for a small-sample study. Main results. Based on the nonparametric significance testing using permutation and bootstrap procedure, we noticed that the weakened theta-band connectivity strength in the following regions of interest significantly contributed to distinguishing balance impaired from non-impaired population, regardless of the type of stratification: left middle frontal gyrus, right paracentral lobule, precuneus, and bilateral middle occipital gyri. Significance. Identifying neural regions linked to balance impairment enhances our understanding of TBI-related balance dysfunction and could inform new treatment strategies. Future work will explore the impact of balance platform training on sensorimotor and visuomotor connectivity.
Evaluating mangrove community forestry outcomes: a mixed synthetic control and field-based approach
Authors: Surattee Irfan Khan , Naing Aung Kyaw , Agarwal Shivani , Than Maung Maung , Webb Edward L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Contemporary evaluations of outcomes in human-managed systems have been constrained by a lack of counterfactual analysis. Community forestry (CF), a widely adopted strategy to achieve both conservation and management in coupled human-environment systems, is no exception, and counterfactual analysis would greatly enhance CF research. We used a mixed method approach incorporating quantification of deforestation and forest regrowth rates, synthetic control analysis, and focus groups discussions to evaluate mangrove CF outcomes in the Ayeyarwady Delta, Myanmar, from to 1990–2021. CF resulted in an overall increase in net forest gain and reduction in net forest loss across sites. More than two-thirds of CF sites had superior outcomes relative to synthetic controls for at least one metric (deforestation or forest regrowth); however, CF tended to perform better for only one outcome while avoiding underperformance in the other. The annual rate of forest regrowth in CFs accelerated beginning three years prior to certification and peaked two years after certification, likely related to pre-certification engagement with the Forest Department or non-government organizations. Moreover, control sites near CFs experienced more rapid forest regrowth than controls further from CFs, suggesting spillover effects. The predominant challenge facing successful CF management was illegal extraction and overharvesting, and poor performing CFs experienced a complex array of challenges facing forest regrowth, likely related to the private nature of individual land claims within the CFs. Most supporting factors for CF were related to community management capacity, strongly indicating a need for extended close engagement with competent government and non-government actors to develop long-term management and governance capacities, which are sustainably funded. Our mixed-method approach can be replicated in other human-managed systems to evaluate the biophysical impacts of policies and gain insights into the underlying drivers of outcomes.