bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of flame stabilisation at low lifted height in a turbulent lifted slot-jet flame
Authors: Karami Shahram , Hawkes Evatt R. , Talei Mohsen , Chen Jacqueline H. 
Published: July 2015

A turbulent lifted slot-jet flame is studied using direct numerical simulation (DNS). A one-step chemistry model is employed with a mixture-fraction-dependent activation energy which can reproduce qualitatively the dependence of the laminar burning rate on the equivalence ratio that is typical of hydrocarbon fuels. The basic structure of the flame base is first examined and discussed in the context of earlier experimental studies of lifted flames. Several features previously observed in experiments are noted and clarified. Some other unobserved features are also noted. Comparison with previous DNS modelling of hydrogen flames reveals significant structural differences. The statistics of flow and relative edge-flame propagation velocity components conditioned on the leading edge locations are then examined. The results show that, on average, the streamwise flame propagation and streamwise flow balance, thus demonstrating that edge-flame propagation is the basic stabilisation mechanism. Fluctuations of the edge locations and net edge velocities are, however, significant. It is demonstrated that the edges tend to move in an essentially two-dimensional (2D) elliptical pattern (laterally outwards towards the oxidiser, then upstream, then inwards towards the fuel, then downstream again). It is proposed that this is due to the passage of large eddies, as outlined in Suet al.(Combust. Flame, vol. 144 (3), 2006, pp. 494–512). However, the mechanism is not entirely 2D, and out-of-plane motion is needed to explain how flames escape the high-velocity inner region of the jet. Finally, the time-averaged structure is examined. A budget of terms in the transport equation for the product mass fraction is used to understand the stabilisation from a time-averaged perspective. The result of this analysis is found to be consistent with the instantaneous perspective. The budget reveals a fundamentally 2D structure, involving transport in both the streamwise and transverse directions, as opposed to possible mechanisms involving a dominance of either one direction of transport. It features upstream transport balanced by entrainment into richer conditions, while on the rich side, upstream turbulent transport and entrainment from leaner conditions balance the streamwise convection.
Meta-analysis of the association of brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism with obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Fuquan , Zhu Wenxian , Liu Yansong , Zhou Zhenhe 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neural survival and was proposed to be related to psychiatric disorders. Val66Met (also known as rs6265 or G196A), the only known functional polymorphism of the BDNF gene, has been widely studied and considered to be associated with risk of some psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. However, studies evaluating its association with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) obtained inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to derive a more precise estimation of the association between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and OCD susceptibility by a meta-analysis.MethodWe carried a structured literature search in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and Chinese Biomedical Database up to December 2014; and retrieved all eligible case–control studies according to the including criteria. Meta-analysis was performed for four genetic models: allelic model: Met versus Val; additive model: Met/Met versus Val/Val; recessive model: Met/Met versus Val/Val+Val/Met; and dominant model: Val/Met+Met/Met versus Val/Val. Stratified analyses were performed by ethnicity and gender where appropriate.ResultsA total of eight articles with nine studies including 1632 OCD cases and 2417 controls were identified. No significant association was detected in any comparison when the whole data were pooled together or stratified by ethnicity or gender in all four genetic models (p>0.05 for each comparison).ConclusionDespite some limitations, our meta-analysis suggests that no significant association exists between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and OCD susceptibility.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on selected inflammatory biomarkers in older adults: a secondary analysis of data from a randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Waterhouse Mary , Tran Bich , Ebeling Peter R. , English Dallas R. , Lucas Robyn M. , Venn Alison J. , Webb Penelope M. , Whiteman David C. , Neale Rachel E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObservational studies have suggested that 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels are associated with inflammatory markers. Most trials reporting significant associations between vitamin D intake and inflammatory markers used specific patient groups. Thus, we aimed to determine the effect of supplementary vitamin D using secondary data from a population-based, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial (Pilot D-Health trial 2010/0423). Participants were 60- to 84-year-old residents of one of the four eastern states of Australia. They were randomly selected from the electoral roll and were randomised to one of three trial arms: placebo (n 214), 750 μg (n 215) or 1500 μg (n 215) vitamin D3, each taken once per month for 12 months. Post-intervention blood samples for the analysis of C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, IL-10, leptin and adiponectin levels were available for 613 participants. Associations between intervention group and biomarker levels were evaluated using quantile regression. There were no statistically significant differences in distributions of CRP, leptin, adiponectin, leptin:adiponectin ratio or IL-10 levels between the placebo group and either supplemented group. The 75th percentile IL-6 level was 2·8 pg/ml higher (95 % CI 0·4, 5·8 pg/ml) in the 1500 μg group than in the placebo group (75th percentiles:11·0 v. 8·2 pg/ml), with a somewhat smaller, non-significant difference in 75th percentiles between the 750 μg and placebo groups. Despite large differences in serum 25(OH)D levels between the three groups after 12 months of supplementation, we found little evidence of an effect of vitamin D supplementation on cytokine or adipokine levels, with the possible exception of IL-6.
Archaeocyathan zonation of the Yangtze Platform: Implications for regional and global correlation of lower Cambrian stages
Authors: YANG AIHUA , ZHU MAOYAN , ZHURAVLEV ANDREY YU , YUAN KEXING , ZHANG JUNMING , CHEN YAQIAN 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDetailed analysis of the distribution of archaeocyaths in five lower Cambrian sections in South China has resulted in the erection of four new archaeocyathan zones and one new archaeocyathan bed. Listed in order of ascending age, these are: theDailycyathus xiuqiensisZone; theDictyocyathus shaanxiensisZone; theSpirillicyathus duplexRange Zone; theSibirecyathus meitanensisRange Zone; and theArchaeocyathus yanjiaoensisbeds. These new subdivisions permit a correlation of lower Cambrian strata both within the area of the Yangtze Platform (South China) as well as between this region and Siberia, Australia, Western Europe and North America. Within the Yangtze Platform area, archaeocyaths of theDailycyathus xiuqiensisandDictyocyathus shaanxiensiszones co-occur with trilobites of the middle and upperEoredlichiaTrilobite Zone of the Qiongzhusian Stage. TheSpirillicyathus duplexand theSibirecyathus meitanensisRange Zone correspond to theMalungia, Yiliangella–YunnanaspisandDrepanuroidesTrilobite zones of the basal and middle Canglangpuan Stage, respectively. Finally, theArchaeocyathus yanjiaoensisbeds belong to thePalaeolenus fengyangensisTrilobite Zone of the upper Canglangpuan Stage. Global correlations based on archaeocyath assemblage zones suggest that: (1) the middle–upper Qiongzhusian of South China correlates with the middle Atdabanian Stage of the Siberian Platform, theWarriootacyathus wilkawillinensisArchaeocyath Zone in South Australia, the middle Issendalenian Stage of Morocco and the lower Ovetian Stage in Spain; (2) the lowermost Canglangpuan Stage of South China correlates with the uppermost Atdabanian of the Siberian Platform, theSpirillicyathus tenuis – Jugalicyathus tardusarchaeocyath zones in South Australia, the uppermost Issendalenian – lower Banian stages of Morocco, the middle Ovetian Stage of Spain and the middle Montezuman Stage of North America; (3) the middle Canglangpuan Stage approximates the lowermost Botoman Stage of the Siberian Platform, middle Banian Stage of Morocco, the uppermost Ovetian – lowermost Marianian stages of Spain and the upper Montezuman Stage of North America; (4) the uppermost Canglangpuan Stage is equivalent of the middle Toyonian Stage of the Siberian Platform,Archaeocyathus abacusbeds in Australia, the middle Bilbilian Stage in Spain and the middle Dyeran Stage (Bolbolenellus eurypariaTrilobite Zone) in North America.
LARGE P-GROUPS WITHOUT PROPER SUBGROUPS WITH THE SAME DERIVED LENGTH
Authors: CRESTANI ELEONORA , LUCCHINI ANDREA 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe construct a subgroup Hd of the iterated wreath product Gd of d copies of the cyclic group of order p with the property that the derived length and the smallest cardinality of a generating set of Hd are equal to d while no proper subgroup of Hd has derived length equal to d. It turns out that the two groups Hd and Gd are the extreme cases of a more general construction that produces a chain Hd=K1<···< Kp−1=Gd of subgroups sharing a common recursive structure. For i ∈ {1,. . .,p−1}, the subgroup Ki has nilpotency class (i+1)d−1.
JAMES MACKINTOSH AND EARLY NINETEENTH-CENTURY CRIMINAL LAW
Authors: HANDLER PHILIP 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis article examines the criminal law reform career of James Mackintosh (1765–1832). As Recorder of Bombay (1804–11), writer and Whig MP (1813–32), Mackintosh engaged with diverse aspects of criminal law. His view of the organic relationship between law, society, and public opinion, which was shaped by his Scottish intellectual background and Foxite Whig politics, was distinct from the radical and liberal political perspectives most often associated with criminal law reform. The article traces the implications of Mackintosh's approach for the practice of politics and legislation in the period and suggests cause to revise assessments of its outcomes.
Applying urine collected from non-lactating dairy cows dosed with dicyandiamide to lysimeters and grass plots: effects on nitrous oxide emissions, nitrate leaching and herbage production
Authors: O'CONNOR P. J. , MINOGUE D. , LEWIS E. , LYNCH M. B. , HENNESSY D. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYIn agricultural production systems, nitrogen (N) losses to the environment can occur through nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and nitrate (NO3−) leaching. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate: (1) if urine excreted by non-lactating dairy cows pulse-dosed with dicyandiamide (DCD) and applied to lysimeters reduced N2O-N emissions and NO3−-N leaching on two soil types; and (2) if urine + DCD would increase herbage production over winter. Lysimeters were used to measure N2O emissions and NO3-N leaching. The soils used were a free-draining acid brown earth of sandy loam to loam texture (termed free-draining) and a poorly drained silt loam gley (termed poorly drained). Grass plots were established on the free-draining soil to measure herbage production. The N loading rate of the urine + DCD was 508 kg N/ha and the urine without DCD (urine only) was 451 kg N/ha. Total NO3−-N leaching losses from the free-draining and poorly draining soils were reduced from 100 and 81 kg NO3−-N/ha on the urine-only treatment, respectively, to 9 and 11·6 kg NO3−-N/ha on the urine + DCD treatment, respectively. Total N2O-N emissions from the free-draining and poorly drained soils were reduced significantly from 13·6 and 12·1 kg N2O-N/ha on the urine-only treatment, respectively, to 2·23 and 5·24 kg N2O-N/ha on the urine + DCD treatment, respectively. Applying urine with DCD to pastures inhibited the nitrification process for up to 56 days after treatment application. In the current experiment, there was no significant effect on spring herbage production when urine + DCD was applied to grass plots. Therefore, feeding DCD to dairy cows to apply DCD directly in urine patches was shown to be an effective mitigation strategy to reduce NO3−-N leaching and N2O-N emissions but did not appear to increase spring herbage production.
The status of the conservation priority species Calicium corynellum in the British Isles
Authors: Yahr Rebecca 
Published: July 2015

AbstractConservation organisations are tasked with protection of biodiversity but are challenged by limited resources; consequently, the highest conservation priority species have designations that should correspond with the level of protection needed. In Britain, the saxicolous Calicium corynellum receives the highest conservation priority as a consequence of its rarity, combined with dramatic population declines over the last several decades, having disappeared from 2 of its 4 British sites and declined in one other. However, there is some uncertainty associated with the taxonomic status of the entity referred to as C. corynellum in Britain, partly because its common congener, C. viride has been recorded on trees overhanging several of the populations of C. corynellum, but also because the morphology of British material is very similar to the common C. viride, but found on rock. Standard fungal barcode nr ITS sequences of C. corynellum from both extant British populations of C. corynellum were successfully amplified, along with C. viride from trees overhanging one of the sites and from other British sites. In addition, morphological features were compared among specimens of both taxa. There is no evidence to support the distinction of British C. corynellum from its more common congener, and its conservation status is Britain should be re-evaluated.
THE MINOAN AMPHOROID KRATER: FROM PRODUCTION TO CONSUMPTION
Authors: Crouwel J.H. , Morris C.E. 
Published: July 2015

This article focuses on a distinct type of clay vessel which formed part of both the Late Minoan and the Mycenaean repertoire: the amphoroid krater.In contrast to the Mycenaean version of the shape, with its often elaborate decoration of chariots and other pictorial designs, the Minoan amphoroid krater has up to now not received much attention. The present paper intends to redress this imbalance by exploring the origin and development of the Minoan amphoroid krater, its function(s) and its relationship with its Mycenaean counterpart.
Efficient parallel and incremental parsing of practical context-free languages
Authors: BERNARDY JEAN-PHILIPPE , CLAESSEN KOEN 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe present a divide-and-conquer algorithm for parsing context-free languages efficiently. Our algorithm is an instance of Valiant's (1975; General context-free recognition in less than cubic time. J. Comput. Syst. Sci.10(2), 308–314), who reduced the problem of parsing to matrix multiplications. We show that, while the conquer step of Valiant's is O(n3), it improves to O(log2n) under certain conditions satisfied by many useful inputs that occur in practice, and if one uses a sparse representation of matrices. The improvement happens because the multiplications involve an overwhelming majority of empty matrices. This result is relevant to modern computing: divide-and-conquer algorithms with a polylogarithmic conquer step can be parallelized relatively easily.
An evaluation of support of patients with prostate cancer during and beyond radiotherapy treatment. A local perspective on future provision
Authors: Ormerod Alison Mary , Jessop Anne J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeThis study was designed to evaluate whether radiographer-led on-treatment review clinics are meeting the wider needs of prostate patients receiving radiotherapy.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were used to elicit patient and staff perspectives. Interviews are used extensively in qualitative research to produce a breadth and depth of insight into participants’ experiences and opinions. Seven patients and two radiographers participated in individual audio-taped interviews. Thematic analysis of the data identified some key themes and their perceived importance within the review service for both patients and staff.ResultsSemi-structured interviews were used to elicit patient and staff views. Several themes emerged from patient and radiographer perspectives. Radiographers and patients both expressed overall satisfaction with the service. Strengths included staff communication, relaxed environment, individualised support, regular information spread throughout the review pathway and consistency in managing acute side effects. Weaknesses included information and communication gaps at the beginning and end of treatment, information inconsistency between staff groups, gaps in specialist knowledge and a possible gap in skills where staff could train as supplementary prescribers.ConclusionInterviews produced an in-depth view of patient and staff experiences. Staff and patients identified both strengths and areas for improvement within the local service. Study findings support review radiographers in sourcing additional specialist training and a closer collaboration with other staff groups, which will further develop the service. As a next step, triangulation of research methods with questionnaires could be used to evaluate whether this small sample of patients is characteristic of prostate patients in general.
Exploration of risk factors for weight loss in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Dawson Patrick , Taylor Amy , Bragg Chris 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionHead and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy can experience a number of toxicities, including weight loss and malnutrition, which can impact upon the quality of treatment. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study is to evaluate weight loss and identify predictive factors for this patient group.Materials and methodsA total of 40 patients treated with radiotherapy since 2012 at the study centre were selected for analysis. Data were collected from patient records. The association between potential risk factors and weight loss was investigated.ResultsMean weight loss was 5 kg (6%). In all, 24 patients lost >5% starting body weight. Age, T-stage, N-stage, chemotherapy and starting body weight were individually associated with significant differences in weight loss. On multiple linear regression analysis age and nodal status were predictive.ConclusionYounger patients and those with nodal disease were most at risk of weight loss. Other studies have identified the same risk factors along with several other variables. The relative significance of each along with a number of other potential factors is yet to be fully understood. Further research is required to help identify patients most at risk of weight loss; and assess interventions aimed at preventing weight loss and malnutrition.
The Persistence of Apparent Non-Magnetostatic Equilibrium in NOAA 11035
Authors: Jaeggli Sarah A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNOAA 11035 was a highly sheared active region that appeared in December 2009 early in the new activity cycle. The leading polarity sunspot developed a highly unusual feature in its penumbra, an opposite polarity pore with a strong magnetic field in excess of 3500 G along one edge, which persisted for several days during the evolution of the region. This region was well observed by both space- and ground-based observatories, including Hinode, FIRS, TRACE, and SOHO. These observations, which span wavelength and atmospheric regimes, provide a complete picture of this unusual feature which may constitute a force-free magnetic field in the photosphere which is produced by the reconnection of magnetic loops low in the solar atmosphere.
Detection and characteristics of magnetic fields in evolved intermediate mass stars
Authors: Sabin Laurence 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe role of magnetic fields in late type stars, such as Asymptotic Giant Branch stars (AGBs), Post-AGBs and Planetary Nebulae (PNe), is poorly known from an observational point of view. Magnetic fields are however believed to have a non-negligible influence on the dynamics (via mass loss control, outflows shaping) and even on the chemistry (e.g. extra mixing) of these stellar objects. We are therefore presenting two different types of investigation, both based on the use of polarimetry, which aim at filling the gap between the observations on the one hand and the theoretical predictions on the other hand.
The DAO Liquid Crystal Spectropolarimeter dimaPol
Authors: Monin Dmitry , Bohlender David , Hardy Tim , Saddlemyer Les 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe spectropolarimeter dimaPol measures circular polarization in spectral lines of stellar objects. The instrument is used to simultaneously detect polarization signals in the hydrogen Hβ line as well as nearby metallic lines. A fast switching ferro-electric liquid crystal waveplate synchronized with charge shuffling on the CCD is employed to greatly reduce instrumental systematics. dimaPol has been in use on the DAO 1.8-m Plaskett telescope since 2007. In this presentation we show the capabilities of the instrument as well as some of the main results obtained with it to date.
Emission line spectropolarimetry and circumstellar structures
Authors: Vink Jorick S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe discuss the role of linear emission-line polarimetry in a wide set of stellar environments, involving the accretion disks around young pre-main sequence stars, to the aspherical outflows from O stars, luminous blue variables and Wolf-Rayet stars, just prior to explosion as a supernova or a gamma-ray burst. We predict subtle QU line signatures, such as single/double QU loops for un/disrupted disks. Whilst there is plenty of evidence for single QU loops, suggesting the presence of disrupted disks around young stars, current sensitivity (with S/N of order 1000) is typically not sufficient to allow for quantitative 3D Monte Carlo modeling. However, the detection of our predicted signatures is expected to become feasible with the massive improvement in sensitivity of extremely large mirrors.
High-velocity Wind from IRS 1 in the NGC 2071IR
Authors: Trinidad Miguel Angel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe present the results of 1.3 and 3.6 cm radio continuum emission toward the NGC 2071IR star-forming region, carried out with the VLA in its A configuration. We detect continuum emission toward the infrared sources IRS 1 and IRS 3 at both wavelengths. In particular, IRS 1 breaks up into three continuum peaks (IRS 1E, 1C, and 1W), aligned in the east-west direction, being IRS 1 the central source. The morphology of the condensation IRS 1W is very interesting, which has an elongated structure and shows a significant curvature towards the north. We suggest that this morphology could be explained as the impact of a high-velocity wind or jetlike outflow from IRS 1 on a close companion or other obstruction, which also explains the strong water maser emission observed toward IRS 1W.