bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Amiodarone on the Thyroid Gland of Adult Male Albino Rats: A Histological and Morphometric Study
Authors: El-Sayed Nourhan Mahmoud , Hamdy Khaled Naiem , Moustafa Ahmed Yehia , Sadek Ahmed S , Rady Hagar Yousry 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Amiodarone (AMD) is a benzofuran derivative, used in management of angina and refractory ventricular arrhythmia. Amiodarone has been associated with toxicity on many organs involving the lungs, thyroid gland, liver, eyes, skin, and nerves.

Aim of the Work
The aim of the current work was to study the structural and functional changes of the thyroid gland of adult male albino rats after exposure to the antiarrhythmic drug “Amiodarone”.

Material and Methods
Thirty adult male albino rats were used and divided into three groups. The first group included 10 rats which served as (control); 5 rats received distilled water orally and 5 rats received 3 ml of 0.6% methylcellulose. The second group included 10 rats used as (therapeutic dose treated group), which received 30 mg/Kg B.W. of amiodarone for 12 weeks by oral gavage, while the third group included 10 rats used as a (toxic dose treated group) which received 60 mg/Kg b. w. of amiodarone daily for 6 weeks by oral gavage. Serum concentration of tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were evaluated. Morphometric study and statistical analysis were done.

Results
Biochemical examination revealed statistical highly significant increase (P &lt; 0.001) of serum (T4 & T3) with concomitant statistical highly significant decrease of (TSH) (P &lt; 0.001). Histopathological examination of the thyroid tissues from the therapeutic dose treated group showed marked evidence of thyrotoxicosis in the form of microcystic follicular changes and peripheral scalloping, cellular degeneration with scanty cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei. These changes became more severe in toxic dose treated group in the form of thyroid tissue damage with hemorrhage and necrosis. Epithelial hyperplasia with atypical nuclear features were also detected.

Conclusion
Amiodarone had detrimental effects on the adult male albino rat’s thyroid tissue when administered either in the therapeutic or the toxic doses.
Role of Dapagliflozin in Prevention of Contrast Induced Nephropathy in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Khalifa Mostafa , Khorshid H , Rezq A , Abdeldayem T 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN), is a known complication of any coronary intervention regardless the amount of contrast. Studies have shown that patients who develop CIN have a greater risk for death or prolonged hospitalization, as well as for other adverse outcomes, including early or late cardiovascular events especially if after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Research is continuous to find pharmacological interventions to prevent CIN. While many therapies in prevention of CIN have been studied, only good hydration has been proven to be of benefit. This Abstractattempt to provide the role of dapagliflozin in prevention of CIN.

Aim and objectives
The aim of the study was to study the efficacy of dapagliflozin administration as a preventive tool for Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN), in diabetic patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Patients and Methods
This study included 250 diabetic patients presented to emergency departments of Ain shams university hospitals from July 2021 till June 2022 and diagnosed with STEMI as being defined as Patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction defined as having symptoms of ischemia and ST-segment elevation of at least two contiguous leads with ST-segment elevation ≥ 2.5 mm in men &lt; 40 years, ≥2 mm in men ≥ 40 years, or ≥ 1.5 mm in women in leads V2 – V3 and/or ≥ 1 mm in the other leads 1, that had been revascularized by primary PCI as per the recommendations of The European society of cardiology guidelines for diagnosis and management of ST elevation myocardial infarction published in 2017. CIN was defined by renal function impairment after IV contrast as mirrored by an absolute increase by 0.5mg/dL (or greater) or relative increase by 25% (or greater) of baseline serum creatinine over 48 hours or, better, by a decrease by 25% in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR(. The patients were randomized using dedicated software programme into two groups. Study group including 125 patients was the dapagliflozin group. Control group including 125 patients was the standard control group.

Results
Our study had demonstrated that a higher proportion of patients developed CIN in the control group (21 (16.8%)) vs (13 (10.4%)) in the study group (dapagliflozin group) but it didn’t reach a statistically significant difference with P-value =0.139.

Conclusion
Dapagliflozin failed to prove any statistically significant prevention against CIN.
Prevalence of cardiac ARRHYTHMIAs in patients recovering from COVID-19
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed , Amin Mohamed , Effat Emad , Allam Lamyaa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The family of seven known human coronaviruses are known for their impact on the respiratory tract, not the heart. However, the most recent coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has marked tropism for the heart and can lead to myocarditis (inflammation of the heart), necrosis of its cells, mimicking of a heart attack, arrhythmias, and heart failure. These complications, which at times are the only features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical presentation, have occurred even in cases with mild symptoms and in people who did not experience any symptoms. Recent findings of heart involvement in young athletes, including sudden death, have raised concerns about the current limits of our knowledge and potentially high risk and occult prevalence of COVID-19 heart manifestations.

Aim of the Work
was to detect the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias in patients recovering from COVID-19 and to find out if it is related to COVID infection.

Patients and Methods
This cross sectional study was to detect the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias in patients recovered from COVID-19 and to find out its relation to COVID infection. It was carried out on one hundred patients who had been diagnosed as COVID-19 and came after recovery from one to six months Post COVID at Ain Shams University Hospitals .This study was carried out during a period of six months between November 2021 and May 2022.

Results
that among these 100 patients recovering from COVID-19, 17 % of them developed cardiac arrhythmias as follow; 7 (7%) were diagnosed as Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia, 3 (3%) had PVCs arising from RVOT, 3 (3%) were diagnosed as PACs, 2 (2%) were diagnosed as Paroxysmal AF, 1 (1%) was diagnosed as SVT (AVRT) and 1 (1%) was diagnosed as 1st degree heart block.

Conclusion
we found that Inappropriate sinus tachycardia was the most prevalent Cardiac Arrhythmia in these patients recovering from COVID-19 (7%) while other arrhythmias had lower prevalence with RVOT PVCS found in 3 % of the studied group, PACs in 3%, Paroxysmal AF in 2%, SVT (AVRT) in 1% and 1st degree heart block in 1% of this studied population. Absolute Lymphopenia during the course of COVID-19 illness had an effect on the prevalence of Cardiac Arrhythmias in patients recovering from COVID-19. Correlation among these arrhythmias and symptoms of these patients was called Post COVID syndrome.
The Association between Visfatin as A Marker of Isolated Coronary Ectasia and Its Severity: A Cross-Sectional study
Authors: Almaleh Ranya , Mortada Ayman , Elmahmoudy Ahmed , Elnozahi Mostafa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aim and objectives
to assess the association between Visfatin level-as an independent marker -and the presence of coronary artery ectasia in patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography.

Patients and Methods
A total of 90 participants were recruited from candidates undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography in the Cath lab of Cardiology Department at Ain Shams University. They were then divided into three groups. The first group included individuals with normal coronaries, the second patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) without ectasia, and the third is patients with isolated coronary artery ectasia (CAE). After history taking, they all underwent biochemical tests for serum Visfatin, HBA1C%, serum creatinine and CRP. Univariate and correlation analysis was done.

Results
regarding demographic and clinical characteristics of our study population, we found that only higher age and being a smoker was significantly associated with the presence of ectasia. High level of serum Visfatin was strongly significantly associated with the presence of ectasia. Serum creatinine and CRP displayed a similar pattern. Moreover, we found that the mean level of serum Visfatin increases with the severity of ectasia according to Markis classification. Finally, Roc showed that a cut- off value of &gt; 34 ng/ml demonstrated a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 87% of predicting CAE.

Conclusion
high serum Visfatin level is significantly associated with the presence of coronary artery ectasia. Also, it is positively correlated with its severity according to Markis classification. Hence, it can be a valuable predictor of CAE.
The Predictive Value of Estimation of N Terminal - Pro B- Type Natriuretic Peptide in Patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Intervention for the Outcome of Myocardial Reperfusion
Authors: Megahed Dina , Altoukhy Sherif , Hamid Ibrahim Abdel , Tamara Ahmed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Primary PCI is considered to be the preferred reperfusion strategy for STEMI. The goal of reperfusion is to resume normal blood flow to the cardiac tissues, and not just to achieve an open epicardial artery.

Aim of the work
The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of NT-pro BNP before primary PCI in patients presenting with STEMI, for myocardial reperfusion assessed by the degree of ST resolution in the ECG 90 minutes post primary PCI, the TIMI flow and the MBG post primary PCI.

Patients and Methods
This study included 40 patients who presented to emergency departments of Ain Shams University hospitals and Misr University for Sciences and Technology hospital from September 2021 till June 2022, diagnosed with STEMI and had been revascularized by primary PCI as per the recommendations of The European society of cardiology guidelines for diagnosis and management of ST elevation myocardial infarction published in 2017. Serum samples for NT-pro BNP level were obtained before primary PCI to be correlated with the TIMI flow grade, the MBG, and the ST resolution post primary PCI.

Results
Our study had demonstrated that a higher baseline NT-pro BNP level is significantly associated with higher risk of poor myocardial reperfusion following primary PCI expressed by ST resolution less than 50%, TIMI flow grade less than 3 as well as MBG less than 3 and was also associated with higher incidence of No Reflow.

Conclusion
Initial NT-pro BNP level in STEMI patients correlates with myocardial reperfusion following primary PCI. This supports the potential use of NT-pro BNP as an early marker for risk stratification of patients with STEMI. High risk patients will be in need of more aggressive complementary treatment strategies to improve microvascular perfusion and optimization of the medical therapies to help decrease the development of heart failure.
Current incidence, risk factor and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome in Nasser Institute ICU, Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Ahmed Mona Mansour , Mohammed Rehab M , Abd ElKader Radwa Hassan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents the severe end of a spectrum of acute lung injury due to many different insults. It manifests as acute and persistent lung inflammation with increased lung permeability.

Aim of the study
To assess the current incidence, risk factors and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome at Nasser Institute ICU during the period from January 2019 till the end of July 2019.

Methodology
The study enrolled 50 patients who were admitted to Nasser Institute ICU and met the Berlin criteria for ARDS during the study period.

Results
The incidence of ARDS was (3.12%), 54% of which were severe, 26% were moderate, and 20% were mild. Mortality rate was 52%, 88.46% of which were severe cases. Severity index was positively correlated with mortality rate (P- value &lt;0.001). Pneumonia with sepsis was the most common risk factor (74%) and had statistically significant positive correlation with mortality (P = 0.017).

Conclusion
Incidence of ARDS was relatively small at our institute (3.12%), yet, it has a serious and a potentially fatal outcome with high mortality rate (52%).
Key words: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, ARDS, ICU, incidence, risk factor, outcome, mortality, Nasser Institute.
Abbreviations: ARDS: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. PaO2: Partial pressure of oxygen. FiO2: Fraction of inspired oxygen. PEEP : Positive end expiratory pressure.TV: Tidal volume. ABG: Arterial blood gases. PH: potential hydrogen. PaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide. HCO3: Bicarbonate. SO2: blood oxygen saturation. ICU: intensive care unit.
The Role of Chest Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Thoracic Tuberculosis
Authors: AL Makkawy Marwa Hassan , Elwahab Korraa Emad Eldin Abd , Madkour Ashraf Mokhtar , Ahmed Noha Othman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
There is limited data on the role of chest ultrasound (CUS) in thoracic tuberculosis (TTB). If the diagnostic accuracy of CUS for pulmonary TB (PTB) is similar to that for CUS in diagnosis of pneumonia, CUS could play an important role in diagnosis of PTB in areas without ready access to chest x-ray.

Aim of the work
This study aimed to describe the diagnostic features and utility of CUS in TTB. Comparing CUS findings in PTB versus community acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Patients and methods
Consecutive patients presenting with TTB and CAP to Abbasia Chest hospital between May 2019 to April 2020 were enrolled in this cohort study. CT of the chest, CUS, mediastinal ultrasound (US) and abdominal US to detect pericardial effusion were performed. CUS lesion pattern in thoracic TB, pulmonary TB and CAP cases were recorded.

Results
Sub-pleural nodules (97 patients, 95%), air-bronchograms (79 patients, 77,45%) and sub-pleural consolidations (SPC) (77 patients, 75.49%) were the most frequent features recorded by CUS in TB patients, CUS was able to report; pleural gap (28 patients, 27%), fragmented pleura (35 patients,34%), sub-pleural fluid collection (3 patients, 2.9%), and sub-pleural nodules (97patients, 95%) not detected by CT with P value &lt; 0.05 for all. CUS was not only equal to CT in visualizing air-bronchogram (24 patients, 96%) and pleural effusion (4 patients,100%) in CAP, but also could detect fragmented pleura (12 patients, 48%) and SPC (8 patients, 32%) not detected by CT with P value &lt; 0.05 for all.

Conclusion
CUS was more accurate than CT chest in diagnosis of TTB and CAP, it can report new patterns (pleural gap, fragmented pleura, sub-pleural fluid collection, SPN and SPC) not detected by CT.
Role of confocal laser endomicroscopy compared to high definition i- scan video bronchoscopy in patients with suspected lung cancer
Authors: Elwahab Koraa Emad Elden Abd , El-Assal Gehan Mohamed , Elhamid Farghaly Ayman Abd , Mohammed Ali Tamer , Hassan El_Sayed Maha Araby 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Overall 5-year survival is poor at 15% with little improvement over the last twenty years (1.59 million deaths). Besides effective prevention strategies against the commonest risk factor; tobacco smoking, lung cancer mortality can be reduced if cases are detected and treated early. It is important to detect bronchial carcinoma in situ (CIS) since over 40% of these can develop into invasive cancer. Screening tests using sputum cytology and chest radiograph have been used with limited success

Objective
to study the diagnostic performance of confocal laser endomicroscopy in comparison to high definition i-scan videobronchoscopy in patients with suspected lung cancer.

Patients and Methods
The study was performed at Pulmonary diseases hospital in Kobry Elkobba military complex for 2 years since January 2018 to December 2019. The study included 25 patients all had chest CT findings suspicious of lung cancer.

Results
i-scan findings showed 68% accuracy and 73.3% specificity, and findings of confocal laser endomicroscopy were 92% accuracy and 90% specificity.

Conclusion
This was the preliminary study establishing patient characteristics in Egypt in the form of a comparison between tow methods of diagnosis of lung cancer. The study showed the higher sensitivity of confocal laser endomicroscopy in the diagnosis of lung cancer approved by the results of the pathological specimens optioned under the visual of confocal laser endomicroscopy in comparison to I-scan method.
CTNNB1 Polymorphism (rs121913407) in Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) in Egyptian Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: A Case Control Study
Authors: Kassem Perihan Hamdy , Mahmoud Ahmed Ramy Mohamed , Fawzy Montasser Iman Mohamed , Abdel Wahed Marwa Ali , Zakaria Hassan Safeya Hamdy , Abdel Rahman Amer Eman Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the fourth in Egypt. Persistent inflammation and specific somatic mutations in driving genes play major role in the development of HCC. One of these somatic mutations is CTNNB1 mutations with subsequent activation of ß-catenin in HCC, associated with a risk of malignant transformation. In this study, we investigate the clinical utility of peripheral blood circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) CTNNB1 SNP (rs121913407) (c.133T&gt;C) in HCC patients compared to pathological chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients and healthy controls.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this work is to study the clinical utility of peripheral blood ctDNA to assess CTNNB1 SNP (rs121913407) (C. 133T&gt;C) in HCC patients and the results will be compared to findings in pathological (Chronic Hepatitis C virus patients) and healthy controls.

Patients and Methods
Case-control study at Ain Shams Centre for Organ Transplantation, Ain Shams University Hospitals, enrolling twenty-eight adult HCC patients (twelve early HCC patients and sixteen advanced HCC patients), ten patients with chronic hepatitis C as a pathological control group, and ten healthy controls, plasma were collected, and stored at -80 °C. Detection of mutations in the gene locus CTNNB1 rs121913407 (c.133T&gt;C) was done by Real-time PCR.

Results
There was statistical significant difference between early and late cases of HCC as regards AFP, AST however, all of our studied cases (early and advanced HCC) in addition to HCV and healthy control groups were CTNNB1 wild (TT) genotype.

Conclusions
None of our recruited subjects showed CTNNB1 rs121913407 gene mutation. Further studies on larger number of patients are needed to clarify and confirm the clinical utility of CTNNB1 Polymorphism (rs121913407) in the pathogenesis of HCC related to HCV in Egyptian population.
Diagnostic Utility of Free Kappa Light Chain Index in Egyptian Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Bakr Salwa Ibrahim , Ali Shehab Abeer Elsayed , Mamdouh Abdo Saleh Rasha Mohamed , Aly Ragab Dina Aly Mohamed , Abdel Hafeez Mohamed Aly , Ahmed Salem Maryam Gamal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is usually associated with varying degrees of progressive disability. Free Kappa light chain (FKLC) has attracted growing attention as a significant diagnostic marker of MS.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this work was to study the diagnostic utility of free kappa light chain index in a sample of Egyptian MS patients versus IgG oligo clonal bands (OCBs) in CSF and serum in an attempt to throw light on a new simpler non subjective potential diagnostic marker in MS.

Patients and Methods
This was a case control study of MS patients carried at Ain Shams University Hospitals during the period from January 2021 till January 2022. Subjects included in this study were 30 patients with symptoms suggestive of MS yet undiagnosed and 20 controls, on the basis of their MRI findings, clinical presentation and according to the revised McDonald criteria 2017. Accordingly, patients were diagnosed as MS including 4 CIS patients, 18 RRMS patients and 3 PPMS patients and non-MS including 2 NMO patients, 1 ADEM patient, 1 APS and 1 SLE patient. They were 8 males and 22 female patients, their age ranged from 20 to 40 years old with mean 30.13 ± 6.85 SD. The control group included 5 males and 15 females; their ages ranged from 20 to 40 years with mean 30.13 ± 6.85 SD.

Results
We found a statistically significantly higher FKLC index and FKLC IF among MS patients in comparison to both control and non-MS group. it could be used for diagnosis of MS with a diagnostic sensitivity of 100 % and a diagnostic specificity of 100 %.

Conclusion
The significant association between FKLC index and MS led us to conclude FKLC index can be used as a promising diagnostic marker of MS.
Impact of Psoriasis on Male Fertility: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Mahmoud Alsukhni Mohamed Adel , Elsayed Mahira Hamdy , Abdallah Mahmoud Abdelrehim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Psoriasis is a common, chronic, relapsing skin disease, currently considered to be an immune mediated inflammatory disease. Several epidemiological studies have shown that patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis, have a higher risk of developing comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease compared to the general population.

Aim of the Work
to assess gonadal function in psoriatic male patients to know the effect of psoriasis on fertility in these subjects. This evaluation was conducted on a hormonal and seminal background.

Patients and Methods
This case control study included 40 patients (20 with psoriasis & 20 healthy age and body mass index (BMI) matched controls). They were recruited from the dermatology out-patient clinic of Ain–Shams University Hospitals, during the period from November 2021 till April 2022. The study was approved by Research Ethical Committee of Ain Shams University (FMASU M S 667/2021) and fulfilled all the ethical aspects required for a human research.

Results
Twenty patients, with a mean age of 30.15 ± 8.04 years, fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in our study. The mean BMI was 25.11 ± 3.02. The mean disease duration was 4 (2.5 – 8) years, and the mean PASI score at the time of enrollment 11.25 (5.1 – 15.8)., and. twenty healthy subjects, matched for age and BMI, were also enrolled as a control group

Conclusion
The evaluation of seminal fluid analysis and hormone profiles among psoriasis patients showed minor variability. However, it was evident that the levels of sex hormones were different in patients with psoriasis compared to healthy controls. Serum estradiol & SHBG levels were significantly increased among psoriasis patients relative to control group while, serum testosterone levels were significantly lower among psoriasis patients relative to control patients.