bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duplication and sub‐functionalization of flavonoid biosynthesis genes plays important role in Leguminosae root nodule symbiosis evolution
Authors: Liu Tengfei , Liu Haiyue , Xian Wenfei , Liu Zhi , Yuan Yaqin , Fan Jingwei , Xiang Shuaiying , Yang Xia , Liu Yucheng , Liu Shulin , Zhang Min , Shen Yanting , Jiao Yuannian , Cheng Shifeng , Doyle Jeff J. , Xie Fang , Li Jiayang , Tian Zhixi 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTGene innovation plays an essential role in trait evolution. Rhizobial symbioses, the most important N2‐fixing agent in agricultural systems that exists mainly in Leguminosae, is one of the most attractive evolution events. However, the gene innovations underlying Leguminosae root nodule symbiosis (RNS) remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the gene gain event in Leguminosae RNS evolution through comprehensive phylogenomic analyses. We revealed that Leguminosae‐gain genes were acquired by gene duplication and underwent a strong purifying selection. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses showed that the innovated genes were enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, particular downstream of chalcone synthase (CHS). Among them, Leguminosae‐gain type Ⅱ chalcone isomerase (CHI) could be further divided into CHI1A and CHI1B clades, which resulted from the products of tandem duplication. Furthermore, the duplicated CHI genes exhibited exon–intron structural divergences evolved through exon/intron gain/loss and insertion/deletion. Knocking down CHI1B significantly reduced nodulation in Glycine max (soybean) and Medicago truncatula; whereas, knocking down its duplication gene CHI1A had no effect on nodulation. Therefore, Leguminosae‐gain type Ⅱ CHI participated in RNS and the duplicated CHI1A and CHI1B genes exhibited RNS functional divergence. This study provides functional insights into Leguminosae‐gain genetic innovation and sub‐functionalization after gene duplication that contribute to the evolution and adaptation of RNS in Leguminosae.
SV2A controls the surface nanoclustering and endocytic recruitment of Syt1 during synaptic vesicle recycling
Authors: Small Christopher , Harper Callista , Jiang Anmin , Kontaxi Christiana , Pronot Marie , Yak Nyakuoy , Malapaka Anusha , Davenport Elizabeth C. , Wallis Tristan P. , Gormal Rachel S. , Joensuu Merja , Martínez‐Mármol Ramón , Cousin Michael A. , Meunier Frédéric A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFollowing exocytosis, the recapture of plasma membrane‐stranded vesicular proteins into recycling synaptic vesicles (SVs) is essential for sustaining neurotransmission. Surface clustering of vesicular proteins has been proposed to act as a ‘pre‐assembly’ mechanism for endocytosis that ensures high‐fidelity retrieval of SV cargo. Here, we used single‐molecule imaging to examine the nanoclustering of synaptotagmin‐1 (Syt1) and synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) in hippocampal neurons. Syt1 forms surface nanoclusters through the interaction of its C2B domain with SV2A, which are sensitive to mutations in this domain (Syt1K326A/K328A) and SV2A knockdown. SV2A co‐clustering with Syt1 is reduced by blocking SV2A's cognate interaction with Syt1 (SV2AT84A). Surprisingly, impairing SV2A‐Syt1 nanoclustering enhanced the plasma membrane recruitment of key endocytic protein dynamin‐1, causing accelerated Syt1 endocytosis, altered intracellular sorting and decreased trafficking of Syt1 to Rab5‐positive endocytic compartments. Therefore, SV2A and Syt1 are segregated from the endocytic machinery in surface nanoclusters, limiting dynamin recruitment and negatively regulating Syt1 entry into recycling SVs.image
Attenuated responses to attention‐modulating drugs in the neuroligin‐3R451C mouse model of autism
Authors: Dingwall R. , May C. , Letschert J. , Renoir T. , Hannan A. J. , Burrows E. L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAttention deficits are frequently reported within the clinical autism population. Despite not being a core diagnostic feature, some aetiological theories place atypical attention at the centre of autism development. Drugs used to treat attention dysfunction are therefore increasingly prescribed to autistic patients, though currently off‐label with uncertain efficacy. We utilised a rodent‐translated touchscreen test of sustained attention in mice carrying an autism‐associated R451C mutation in the neuroligin‐3 gene (Nlgn3R451C). In doing so, we replicated their cautious but accurate response profile and probed it using two widely prescribed attention‐modulating drugs: methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATO). In wild‐type mice, acute administration of MPH (3 mg/kg) promoted impulsive responding at the expense of accuracy, while ATO (3 mg/kg) broadly reduced impulsive responding. These drug effects were absent in Nlgn3R451C mice, other than a small reduction in blank touches to the screen following ATO administration. The absence of drug effects in Nlgn3R451C mice likely arises from their altered behavioural baseline and underlying neurobiology, highlighting caveats to the use of classic attention‐modulating drugs across disorders and autism subsets. It further suggests that altered dopaminergic and/or norepinephrinergic systems may drive behavioural differences in the Nlgn3R451C mouse model of autism, supporting further targeted investigation.image
Orexin increases the neuronal excitability of several brain areas associated with maintaining of arousal
Authors: Chen Xin‐Yi , Yang Wu , Xue Yan , Xie An‐Mu , Sun Xiang‐Rong , Chen Lei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOrexin is exclusively produced in neurons localized within the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and perifornical area (PFA). Orexin has been identified as a key promotor of arousal. The selective loss of orexinergic neurons results in narcolepsy. It is known that the intrinsic electrophysiological properties are critical for neurons to perform their functions in corresponding brain regions. In addition to hypothalamic orexin, other brain nuclei are involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Quite a lot of studies focus on elucidating orexin‐induced regulation of sleep–wake states and modulation of neuronal electrophysiological properties in several brain regions. Here, we summarize that the orexinergic neurons exhibit spontaneous firing activity which is associated with the states of sleep–wake cycle. Orexin mainly exerts postsynaptic excitatory effects on multiple brain nuclei associated with the process of sleep and wakefulness. This review may provide a background to guide future research about the cellular mechanisms of orexin‐induced maintaining of arousal.image
Advances in MRI‐based diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy: Correlating hippocampal subfield volumes with histopathology
Authors: Ellsay Andrea C. , Winston Gavin P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEpilepsy, affecting 0.5%‐1% of the global population, presents a significant challenge with 30% of patients resistant to medical treatment. Temporal lobe epilepsy, a common cause of medically refractory epilepsy, is often caused by hippocampal sclerosis (HS). HS can be divided further by subtype, as defined by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). Type 1 HS, the most prevalent form (60%‐80% of all cases), is characterized by cell loss and gliosis predominantly in the subfields cornu ammonis (CA1) and CA4. Type 2 HS features cell loss and gliosis primarily in the CA1 sector, and type 3 HS features cell loss and gliosis predominantly in the CA4 subfield. This literature review evaluates studies on hippocampal subfields, exploring whether observable atrophy patterns from in vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans correlate with histopathological examinations with manual or automated segmentation techniques. Our findings suggest only ex vivo 1.5 Tesla (T) or 3T MRI with manual segmentation or in vivo 7T MRI with manual or automated segmentations can consistently correlate subfield patterns with histopathologically derived ILAE‐HS subtypes. In conclusion, manual and automated segmentation methods offer advantages and limitations in diagnosing ILAE‐HS subtypes, with ongoing research crucial for refining hippocampal subfield segmentation techniques and enhancing clinical applicability.
Effects of modified oropharyngeal exercises on individuals with simple snoring: An online randomized controlled trial
Authors: Niu Yirou , Zhu Ruiting , Dong Chunling , Zhou Wei , Wang Saikun , Mao Jing , Zhang Jingyi , Xiong Xuance , Guo Lirong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals who suffer from simple snoring rarely go to a doctor due to a lack of medical knowledge, but simple snoring can reduce the individual's quality of life and may cause social problems to the bed partner/family members.ObjectivesThe aims of the present study are to explore the effects of online modified oropharyngeal exercises on the individuals with simple snoring and to provide a rehabilitation method for individuals with simple snoring.MethodsThis study is a double‐blinded, two‐arm, randomized controlled trial. Participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 33) or the control group (n = 33). The participants in the control group received health education on snoring, while the participants in the intervention group received the modified oropharyngeal exercise besides health education on snoring. The intervention duration was 4 weeks. The primary outcomes included snoring index, snoring loudness, and snoring quantity. The secondary outcomes included self‐reported snoring, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and quality of life. All outcomes were measured at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks.ResultsGeneralized estimating equations (GEE) analyses showed significant differences between the intervention group and the control group on snoring index, loudness, and quantity (p < .001). Moreover, modified oropharyngeal exercise had effects on sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and quality of life in individuals with simple snoring (p < .001). Self‐reported snoring also improved at 8 weeks.ConclusionThe modified oropharyngeal exercises were effective in improving simple snoring. It could also improve sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and quality of life.
Relationship between geographic accessibility to emergency services and infant mortality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Brito Patrícia Meireles , Ribeiro Katia Suely Queiroz Silva , Melo Renato S , Tavares Netto Afonso Rodrigues , Sarinho Silvia Wanick 
Published: August 2024

AimTo evaluate the methodological quality of studies that analysed the relationship between accessibility to emergency services and infant mortality.MethodsA systematic review with meta‐analysis, registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) platform under code CRD42021279854. Medline/Pubmed, Embase, SciElo, Lilacs, Scopus and web of science electronic databases were searched between November 2021 and May 2024, without language or publication time restriction. We included observational studies that compared the infant mortality outcome with the different distances travelled or travel time to health services in a paediatric emergency. Thus, we excluded studies with primary outcomes present in the pre‐ and perinatal periods, as well as distances or travel time to obstetric emergency units. We used the grade to assess the methodological quality of the studies and the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale for the risk of bias, in addition to performing a meta‐analysis.ResultsThe evidence quality on infant mortality was moderate for four studies and low for three studies. The meta‐analysis showed that children who travelled more than 5 km to the emergency service had a 28% increase in the chance of dying (P = 0.002), as well as those travelling for more than 40 min increased by 45% (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThere was a relationship between the increase in geographic accessibility distance and travel time with the increase in infant mortality. However, the studies still showed moderate to low methodological quality.
Embarking on the online reading challenge: adolescents' participation motives, gains and impacts on reading routines
Authors: Dera Jeroen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite the widespread popularity of online reading challenges on platforms like Goodreads and The StoryGraph, research on this phenomenon has been mostly absent. This article addresses this gap by examining the motivations of adolescent participants in reading challenges, the outcomes of their participation and the implications for their reading routines. Drawing upon semi‐structured interviews with 20 participants aged 15–20 years, the article shows that motivations range from a desire for social engagement within a book‐loving peer group to self‐challenge. A common thread is that reading challenges serve as a catalyst for increased volitional reading by adolescents, accompanied by changes in their reading habits. Furthermore, analysis of the responses reveals that these evolving reading practices are perceived by participants as both stimulating and self‐directed. However, the research also underscores the significant role played by algorithms on platforms like Goodreads in influencing reading routines. The study also shows that some participants in online reading challenges are guided by social motivation, although most of them experience social motives as secondary to their individual and intrinsic desire to read more. At the same time, some individuals partaking in online reading challenges prove susceptible to negative perceptions from others. Hence, this research foregrounds crucial tensions in online reading cultures adolescents engage in, specifically those between autonomy and algorithm and sociocentrism and egocentrism.
Estimated timing of the first menstrual period and dietary and nutritional correlates of menarche among urban school‐going adolescents in four sub‐Saharan African sites
Authors: Costa Janaína Calu , Darling Anne Marie , Shinde Sachin , Tadesse Amare W. , Sherfi Huda , Mwanyika‐Sando Mary , Tinkasimile Amani , Sharma Deepika , Baernighausen Till , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCharacterizing the timing of menarche and the factors that are associated with it is important for understanding a population's reproductive health needs and long‐term health trajectories. We estimated the age at the menstrual onset among adolescent girls and the association between dietary and nutritional factors and menarche in four sub‐Saharan African urban sites. We used cross‐sectional school‐based data from 2307 female adolescents aged 10–14 years collected by the Africa Research, Implementation Science, and Education (ARISE) Network in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Khartoum, Sudan; and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Logit models were used to estimate the median age at menarche at each site. Associations between menarche and BMI‐for‐age, stunting, dietary quality and food insecurity across settings were assessed using Poisson regression models adjusted for country and school levels. The estimated median age at menarche was 13.1 years (95% confidence interval: 12.7, 13.5) in Ouagadougou; 12.9 (12.6, 13.2) in Addis Ababa; 13.3 (12.7, 13.6) in Khartoum; and 13.2 (12.3, 14.0) in Dar es Salaam. Between 18% and 49% of the girls in each setting had already menstruated. Based on the pooled multivariable models, underweight participants were 42% less likely (adjusted prevalence ratio [PR] 0.58 [0.44, 0.77]) to have experienced menarche in comparison to normal‐weight individuals. The likelihood of experiencing menarche increased for overweight [PR 1.47 (1.30,1.66)] and obese [PR 1.57 (1.35,1.82)] in comparison to normal‐weight girls. Those stunted were 47% less likely to have experienced menarche [PR 0.53 (0.41, 0.69)] than their nonstunted counterparts. A lower likelihood of menarche among those experiencing moderate/severe hunger when compared to those with no/little hunger was also observed (PR 0.78 [0.63,0.96]). No evidence of association with dietary quality was found. Further research is needed to strengthen the body of evidence and inform evidence‐based initiatives in low‐ and middle‐income settings.
School health and nutrition environments: A multicountry survey in five countries of sub‐Saharan Africa region—Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania
Authors: A. Noor Ramadhani , Paulo Heavenlight A. , Shinde Sachin , Tadesse Amare W. , Tinkasimile Amani , Hussen Yemisrach , Ngeba Joyce , Sherfi Huda , Drysdale Roisin , Mwanyika‐Sando Mary , Codjia Patrick , Chitekwe Stanley , Bärnighausen Till , Sharma Deepika , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSchools are increasingly regarded as a key setting for promoting the health, well‐being, and development of children and adolescents. In this multicountry cross‐sectional survey, we describe the health, nutrition, and food environments of public primary schools in five urban settings in Africa region: Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Durban; South Africa, Khartoum, Sudan; and, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We evaluated the school health and nutrition (SHN) environments in three main areas: (1) the availability of health‐related policies, guidelines, and school curricula, (2) the provision of health, nutrition, and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in schools, and (3) the school food environments and eating habits of adolescents. We used stratified random sampling to recruit 79 schools from five countries. Trained fieldworkers collected standardized questionnaire data from 79 school administrators, 765 food vendors, and 4999 in‐school adolescents aged 10–15 years. In our study, 24 out of 79 school administrators were aware of their school's health‐related policies and guidelines while 30 schools had a specific SHN curriculum. In general, health, nutrition, and WASH services were inadequate. Possibly due to a lack of school kitchens, 14.4% of students bought snacks and unhealthy foods from food vendors. Our study indicates that schools' food and nutrition environments are insufficient to improve adolescent health and nutrition in the African region, including limited coverage of SHN policies, suboptimal facilities and nutrition services, and unregulated food environments. Schools in sub‐Saharan Africa need to improve their health and nutrition environments.
In utero nicotine exposure affects murine palate development
Authors: Vyas Heema , Mohi Amr , Boyce Mark , Durham Emily L. , Cray James J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesDespite data linking smoking to increased risk of fetal morbidity and mortality, 11% of pregnant women continue to smoke or use alternative nicotine products. Studies confirm that nicotine exposure during pregnancy increases the incidence of birth defects; however, little research has focused on specific anatomic areas based on timing of exposure. We aim to determine critical in utero and postnatal periods of nicotine exposure that affect craniofacial development, specifically palate growth. Malformation of the palatal structures can result in numerous complications including facial growth disturbance, or impeding airway function. We hypothesized that both in utero and postnatal nicotine exposure will alter palate development.Materials and MethodsWe administered pregnant C57BL6 mice water supplemented with 100 μg/mL nicotine during early pregnancy, throughout pregnancy, during pregnancy and lactation, or lactation only. Postnatal day 15 pups underwent micro‐computed tomography (μCT) analyses specific to the palate.ResultsResultant pups revealed significant differences in body weight from lactation‐only nicotine exposure, and μCT investigation revealed several dimensions affected by lactation‐only nicotine exposure, including palate width, palate and cranial base lengths, and mid‐palatal suture width.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the direct effects of nicotine on the developing palate beyond simple tobacco use. Nicotine exposure through tobacco alternatives, cessation methods, and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may disrupt normal growth and development of the palate during development and the postnatal periods of breastfeeding. Due to the recent dramatic increase in the use of ENDS, future research will focus specifically on this nicotine delivery method.
Survey on caregiver competency and retraining needs
Authors: Lee Dong Yeop , Lee Sang‐Bong , Lim Kyoung‐Min , Choi Yun‐Jung , Kang Dong Yoon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated caregivers’ job image, abilities, and educational needs, which are rapidly increasing owing to an aging society.DesignA self‐administered written survey was conducted at 12 general hospitals in Korea from February 1, 2022 to March 15, 2023.SampleA total of 451 caregivers participated in the survey as subjects of analysis, and 560 nurses participated as external observers.MeasurementsThe caregivers’ self‐assessment results regarding job performance, educational needs, and retraining needs were compared with those of external observers.ResultsCaregivers evaluated themselves significantly higher in all areas of job performance compared to the evaluations of external observers. In particular, the caregivers’ self‐evaluation of their abilities in “Recording and Reporting,” “Basic Resuscitation,” “Safety and Infection Control,” and “Understanding Major Illnesses” was different from the evaluation of nurses. Both the caregivers and external observers agreed on the need for caregiver retraining, with 1–2 hours of supplementary training every 12 months being the most preferred amount of retraining.ConclusionsThere was a significant difference between caregivers’ self‐evaluations of their capabilities and the external observers’ evaluations. Therefore, systematic professional caregiver retraining is necessary.
A taxonomy of cyber risk taxonomies
Authors: Rabitti Giovanni , Khorrami Chokami Amir , Coyle Patrick , Cohen Ruben D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe field of cyber risks is rapidly expanding, yet significant research remains to be conducted. Numerous taxonomy‐based systems have been proposed in both the academic literature and industrial practice to classify cyber risk threats. However, the fragmentation of various approaches has resulted in a plethora of taxonomies, often incongruent with one another. In this study, we undertake a comprehensive review of these alternative taxonomies and offer a common framework for their classification based on their scope. Furthermore, we introduce desirable properties of a taxonomy, which enable comparisons of different taxonomies with the same scope. Finally, we discuss the managerial implications stemming from the utilization of each taxonomy class to support decision‐making processes.