bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The new consumer advocates for safer chemicals: mandating healthy products
Authors: Bollheimer Meredith 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to introduce a variety of rationales for adopting a proactive posture related to removing chemicals of concern from consumer products.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author’s methodology included reviewing existing and proposed international and domestic legislation. The author also reviewed topical literature and numerous scientific studies related to chemicals in consumer products, and undertook a comprehensive review and summary of current advocacy work.

Findings
– The pace of change legislatively and in the marketplace is rapid in the area of chemicals of concern in consumer products. Companies could mitigate and manage a myriad of risks more effectively by contemplating a proactive approach to removing chemicals of concern from consumer products.

Practical implications
– Affected industries could maintain or increase market share and reputation by recognizing and responding to growing consumer demand and legislative and supply chain pressures.

Social implications
– Society could experience health benefits from a reduction or elimination of chemicals of concern. Consumer–corporate relationships could also be strengthened by adoption of the approach suggested.

Originality/value
– This paper is original in its assessment of the myriad risks facing industry in regards to chemicals of concern. It is also original in proffering a multi-faceted argument which includes viewing the suggested rationales through a gender-based, ethical, legal and market framework.
Knowledge sharing in online communities: the power game
Authors: Bourdon Isabelle , Kimble Chris , Tessier Nathalie 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to gain a better understanding of the nature of online communities, the relationships within them and the relationship between such communities and the host organization. Knowledge sharing via participation in online communities is a central part of many multinational organizations’ business strategies; however, the task is not always straightforward.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research focused on power relationships in online communities. The approach was inductive and consisted of an exploratory case study using semi-structured interviews, augmented with direct observation and documentary sources, within a framework provided by the French sociologists Crozier and Friedberg.

Findings
– The findings identify the various reasons for participating in the community and aspects of both the relationships within the community and between the community and the host company.

Practical implications
– The research shows that online communities are not easy to categorize and that attempting to use a single solution for the management of such communities risks oversimplifying a complex situation. It also shows that Crozier and Friedberg’s framework is useful in highlighting issues that otherwise might not have been noticed.

Originality/value
– Issues of power are often neglected in studies of online communities. The use of Crozier and Friedberg’s framework offers a novel way to examine power relationships, which can offer new insights into how such communities function.
A culture of employee engagement: a strategic perspective for global managers
Authors: Taneja Sonia , Sewell Scott S. , Odom Randall Y. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to develop a model that identifies the strategies that have the ability to create a culture of employee engagement for global managers in making the tactical adaptations necessary to develop and implement global strategy in an increasingly complex and dynamic marketplace.Design/methodology/approach– The authors focused on the global managers charged with the responsibilities of developing and creating a culture of employee engagement as an important strategy for the competitive advantage of organizations.Findings– Employee engagement should be viewed as a long-term commitment between the employees and the organization, each supporting the other in an era of increasing international operations. In fact, employee engagement is an important strategy for long-term organizational sustainability in international markets.Practical implications– Employee engagement is critical to the management and retention of talented employees in the organization. It can be achieved by managing global mobility in increasingly complex global workplaces; talent so that it enhances business results; training and development; rewards, recognitions and engagement; manager/employee communication and interaction; and leadership and development.Originality/value– In today’s global society, it is critical for organizational leaders to focus on creating a culture of employee engagement to attract and retain quality employees in an increasingly competitive market. Engaged employees are more committed to their work and feel connected to the success of their organization. In addition, they are more likely to believe in their organization’s values, mission and vision. The increasing utilization of boundary less organizations poses a challenge for leaders who strive to create and maintain employee engagement within an organization.
Cultural heritage and consumer behaviour: a survey on Italian cultural visitors
Authors: Di Pietro Laura , Guglielmetti Mugion Roberta , Mattia Giovanni , Renzi Maria Francesca 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The urgency to cope with the international economic crisis has led to efforts to identify innovative tools and frameworks that are capable of regenerating local and national economic development. The enhancement of the cultural heritage sector can be a strategic factor in improving the competitiveness of country systems. In Italy, the nation’s rich cultural heritage is not managed in an efficient and effective manner, even though it embodies a tremendous opportunity to enhance local economic growth, especially in light of the role of new Cultural Technology Districts (CTDs). In this context, the purpose of this paper is to present the results of a survey conducted to investigate the behaviour of tourists who consume Italian cultural resources.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper is an empirical investigation that attempts to identify the needs and expectations of cultural consumers through descriptive statistics, as well as factor and cluster analysis. This study is the beginning of an effort to develop innovative products and services that will facilitate the revitalisation of the growth of the cultural heritage sector of Italy’s economy.

Findings
– This paper identifies new profiles of the cultural consumer that will be useful for planning customised development strategies. New social trends and technological tools have influenced the behaviour and expectations of cultural visitors and present an opportunity to redefine the cultural tourist experience.

Originality/value
– The lack of systematic surveys in Italy to gather data on the behaviour and expectations of cultural consumers has resulted in a gap of information between demand and supply. This paper proposes some significant strategies to learn about the business strategies of cultural heritage organisations.
Customer-centered knowledge management: challenges and implications for knowledge-based innovation in the public transport sector
Authors: Sindakis Stavros , Depeige Audrey , Anoyrkati Eleni 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to explore the role of knowledge management practices in supporting current and emerging passengers’ and customer needs, aiming to create value. Specifically, the research examines the importance of customer-centred knowledge management in the delivery of innovative services and practices in the public transport sector, promoting the role of interactions between mobility stakeholders and travellers.

Design/methodology/approach
– A theoretical framework is developed and supported by the background literature on customer-centric knowledge management approaches, business model innovation, as well as on inter-organisational and network co-operations.

Findings
– Results show that the development of sustainable innovation and technologies in the transport sector requires knowledge management practices, which enable the access to knowledge about users’ needs, the mapping and evaluation of innovative knowledge, the promotion of knowledge-based innovation through collective approaches, as well as the acquisition and integration of new knowledge.

Research limitations/implications
– The conceptual framework developed in the paper remains limited to a theoretical understanding. Further research should empirically examine knowledge issues related to the intangible character and intellectual capital intensiveness of innovation in the transport sector.

Practical implications
– Researchers, public transport companies and public transport authorities are expected to benefit from this research, by developing mechanisms for customer-centred knowledge management, which is found to lead to innovative services and practices in the public transport sector. Another practical implication regards the adoption of knowledge management practices, leading to technological innovations in public transport, and advancing the level of sustainability in transport systems.

Originality/value
– The originality of this study lies in the development of a customer-focussed knowledge management framework, which provides a novel perspective of value creation in an attempt to engage researchers and practitioners from the transport industry in the conceptualisation and development of innovative solutions.
Towards a knowledge-based approach for effective decision-making in railway safety
Authors: Garcia-Perez Alexeis , Shaikh Siraj A , Kalutarage Harsha K. , Jahantab Mahsa 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to contribute towards understanding how safety knowledge can be elicited from railway experts for the purposes of supporting effective decision-making.

Design/methodology/approach
– A consortium of safety experts from across the British railway industry is formed. Collaborative modelling of the knowledge domain is used as an approach to the elicitation of safety knowledge from experts. From this, a series of knowledge models is derived to inform decision-making. This is achieved by using Bayesian networks as a knowledge modelling scheme, underpinning a Safety Prognosis tool to serve meaningful prognostics information and visualise such information to predict safety violations.

Findings
– Collaborative modelling of safety-critical knowledge is a valid approach to knowledge elicitation and its sharing across the railway industry. This approach overcomes some of the key limitations of existing approaches to knowledge elicitation. Such models become an effective tool for prediction of safety cases by using railway data. This is demonstrated using passenger–train interaction safety data.

Practical implications
– This study contributes to practice in two main directions: by documenting an effective approach to knowledge elicitation and knowledge sharing, while also helping the transport industry to understand safety.

Social implications
– By supporting the railway industry in their efforts to understand safety, this research has the potential to benefit railway passengers, staff and communities in general, which is a priority for the transport sector.

Originality/value
– This research applies a knowledge elicitation approach to understanding safety based on collaborative modelling, which is a novel approach in the context of transport.
The role of organizational culture in the knowledge management process
Authors: Chang Christina Ling-hsing , Lin Tung-Ching 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of the study is to focus on the enhancement of knowledge management (KM) performance and the relationship between organizational culture and KM process intention of individuals because of the diversity of organizational cultures (which include results-oriented, tightly controlled, job-oriented, closed system and professional-oriented cultures). Knowledge is a primary resource in organizations. If firms are able to effectively manage their knowledge resources, then a wide range of benefits can be reaped such as improved corporate efficiency, effectiveness, innovation and customer service.Design/methodology/approach– The survey methodology, which has the ability to enhance generalization of results (Dooley, 2001), was used to collect the data utilized in the testing of the research hypotheses.Findings– Results- and job-oriented cultures have positive effects on employee intention in the KM process (creation, storage, transfer and application), whereas a tightly controlled culture has negative effects.Research limitations/implications– However, it would have been better to use a longitudinal study to collect useful long-term data to understand how the KM process would be influenced when organizational culture dimensions are changed through/by management. This is the first limitation of this study. According to Mason and Pauleen (2003), KM culture is a powerful predictor of individual knowledge-sharing behavior, which is not included in this study. Thus, this is the second limitation of this paper. Moreover, national culture could be an important issue in the KM process (Jackset al., 2012), which is the third limitation of this paper for not comprising it.Practical implications– In researchers’ point of view, results- and job-oriented cultures have positive effects, whereas a tightly controlled culture has a negative effect on the KM process intention of the individual. These findings provide evidences that challenge the perspective of Kayworth and Leidner (2003) on this issue. As for practitioners, management has a direction to modify their organizational culture to improve the performance of KM process.Social implications– Both behavioral and value perspectives of the organizational cultural dimensions (results-oriented, tightly control, job-oriented, sociability, solidarity, need for achievement and democracy) should be examined to ascertain their effects firstly on KM culture and then on the KM process intention of the individual. It is hoped that the current study will spawn future investigations that lead to the development of an integrated model which includes organizational culture, KM culture and the KM process intention of the individual.Originality/value– The results-oriented, loosely controlled and job-oriented cultures will improve the effectiveness of the KM process and will also increase employees’ satisfaction and willingness to stay with the organization.
Examining knowledge audit for structured and unstructured business processes: a comparative study in two Hong Kong companies
Authors: Yip Jessica Y.T. , Lee Rongbin W.B. , Tsui Eric 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This study/paper aims to study the knowledge audit methodologies needed in structured business processes (SBP) and unstructured business processes (UBP) respectively. The knowledge audit methodology used for SBP aims to identify and capture procedural knowledge, while the one for UBP aims to facilitate the sharing of experiential knowledge. The designs of audit methodologies, including elements of knowledge elicitation (KE), knowledge representation (KR), and role of researcher (RR) for SBP and UBP, are proposed in this paper.

Design/methodology/approach
– Two knowledge audit cases studies were conducted. The first case was conducted in an SBP, and the second one in an UBP. The first case provides a view of a typical knowledge audit in SBP, the limitations are identified. The second case pinpoints the development of a new knowledge audit methodology applicable for UBP.

Findings
– A significant differentiation between knowledge audits in SBP and UBP is that the knowledge to be captured in the former is procedural knowledge, whereas that to be elicited in the latter is experiential knowledge. The deliverables in the former include lists of knowledge workers, knowledge assets and knowledge inventories, and in the latter include the interplay of interaction between activities, stakeholders and knowledge displayed in the form of a knowledge activity network.

Originality/value
– This research clarifies and strengthens the position of the knowledge audit by illustrating two knowledge audit methodologies for respective use in SBP and UBP. It points out that the fundamental difference of knowledge audit approaches is attributed to the different knowledge requirements. To cater to the different knowledge requirements, the authors asserted that three basic components of the knowledge audit, namely, KE, KR and the role of the researcher, should be customized.
Understanding knowledge sharing in the work context by applying a belief elicitation study
Authors: Stenius Minna , Hankonen Nelli , Haukkala Ari , Ravaja Niklas 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate cognitive antecedents of knowledge sharing (KS) by applying a belief elicitation study and embedding KS in an organizationally relevant context, work meetings.Design/methodology/approach– The study was carried out in two phases: an elicitation study (n= 18), and a survey (n= 200) based on its findings. The method, which combines a qualitative and a quantitative approach, is frequently used in the study of other behaviors (e.g. health behaviors) when applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB).Findings– Belief-based measures, informed by the elicitation study, were meaningful predictors of KS intentions. In line with TPB, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control explained 47.7 per cent of the variance in KS intentions, which together with perceived behavioral control explained 55.2 per cent of the variance in KS behavior. Behavioral beliefs reflecting positive collective outcomes (new perspectives, knowledge diffusion/collective learning, increased interaction) were the most important predictors.Research limitations/implications– Single organization and the study design limit generalizability of the results.Practical implications– The findings suggest that by eliciting shared beliefs relating to specific KS behaviors, organizations may come a long way in understanding and subsequently influencing these behaviors.Originality/value– This is the first study to apply TPB on KS by investigating the underlying beliefs using an elicitation study. By demonstrating its utility, the study not only lays avenue for evidence-based interventions to improve KS in organizations, but also presents a method that bridges the gap between quantitative and qualitative approaches to KS.
Factors influencing the retrofitting of existing office buildings using Adelaide, South Australia as a case study
Authors: Bruce Toby , Zuo Jian , Rameezdeen Raufdeen , Pullen Stephen 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the barriers preventing investment in the re-use of low-grade multi-storey building stock in order to identify attributes that determine whether an existing building is suitable for retrofitting.Design/methodology/approach– Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with key industry practitioners to investigate existing practices and barriers facing low-grade building retrofits and what “ideal” multi-storey building features represent a successful investment opportunity.Findings– The findings showed that tenant commitment is necessary before any project goes ahead and that there exist many barriers influencing the investment decision. These include: high levels of asbestos found in existing buildings; changes in the National Construction Code necessitating enhanced fire safety and disability access; heritage listing; lack of awareness; overestimation of costs involved on simple and effective energy efficiency upgrades and change in tenant demands towards modern and efficient open plan offices. Many low-grade structures are privately owned inherited assets where the owners lack the expertise and capital to undertake retrofitting effectively.Research limitations/implications– The study is focused on the Adelaide CBD in South Australia but the findings are relevant to other Australian cities.Practical implications– There is room in the market for more positive and influential schemes such as the Green Building Fund that encourage more energy efficiency upgrading of these buildings.Social implications– The greater occurrence of retrofitting and re-use of older buildings, rather than demolition and rebuilding, has advantages with regard to reducing the impact of buildings on the environment and promoting sustainability.Originality/value– The research has indicated certain features of older buildings which render them as suitable candidates for retrofitting and refurbishment.
Viral protein R of HIV type‐1 induces retrotransposition and upregulates glutamate synthesis by the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling pathway
Authors: Doi Akihiro , Iijima Kenta , Kano Shigeyuki , Ishizaka Yukihito 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTViral protein R (Vpr) of HIV‐1 plays an important role in viral replication in macrophages. Various lines of evidence suggest that expression of Vpr in macrophages causes immunopathogenesis; however, the underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood. In this study, it was shown that recombinant Vpr (rVpr) induces retrotransposition of long interspersed element‐1 in RAW264.7, a macrophage‐like cell line, and activates reverse transcriptase‐dependent immunotoxic cascades including production of IFN‐β and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Knockout experiments based on the CRISPR/Cas9 nickase system further demonstrated that cyclic guanosine monophosphate‐adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon gene (STING) are responsible for IFN‐β production and STAT1 phosphorylation, respectively. Moreover, rVpr was found to increase production of glutaminase C, a regulator of glutamate synthesis, which is also dependent on the cGAS−STING pathway. Taken together with reports that glutaminase C is involved in the pathogenesis of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and that Vpr is detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid of HIV‐1‐positive patients, a possible role of Vpr‐induced L1‐RTP and immunotoxic cascades in the development of HAND is discussed.
Invasion pathways at a crossroad: policy and research challenges for managing alien species introductions
Authors: Hulme Philip E. 
Published: May 2015

Summary

Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity have agreed that, by 2020, invasion pathways will be identified, prioritized and managed to prevent the introduction of invasive alien species.

The challenges facing this target are examined for six primary invasion pathways: assisted colonization as a deliberate release; escape of pets and aquaria species; parasite and pathogen contaminants of wildlife; stowaways on tourist clothing and equipment; navigation corridors; and transboundary implications of unaided spread.

Economic drivers such as tourism, the pet trade and infrastructure projects will accelerate invasive alien species introductions, particularly in emerging economies. Mitigation requires ‘polluter pays’ legislation combined with improved policy enforcement and compliance.

Policy implications. Policymakers require new risk analysis tools to predict the hazards posed by species with no prior invasion history, the vulnerability of native biodiversity to emerging diseases, and the components of regional species pools that become invasive following connection via corridors.