bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite Volume Methods for Well-Driven Flows in Anisotropic Porous Media
Authors: Dotlić Milan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We consider a finite volume method for flow simulations in an anisotropic porous medium in the presence of a well. The hydraulic head varies logarithmically and its gradient changes rapidly in the well vicinity. Thus, the use of standard numerical schemes results in a completely wrong total well flux and an inaccurate hydraulic head. In this article we propose two finite volume methods to model the well singularity in an anisotropic medium. The first method significantly reduces the total well flux error, but the hydraulic head is still not even first-order accurate. The second method gives a second-order accurate hydraulic head and at least first-order accurate total well flux.
Corrosion behavior of metallic materials in biomedical applications. II. Stainless steels and Co-Cr alloys
Authors: Pound Bruce G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNumerous studies have been performed to investigate the corrosion behavior of Ti and its alloys, 316-type stainless steel, and Co-Cr alloys in simulated and actual physiological liquids. This review is the second of two parts and focuses on 316-type stainless steel and Co-Cr alloys. It deals with the forms of corrosion that are of principal interest with regard to these alloys in vivo: general corrosion, pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, galvanic corrosion, and fretting corrosion. The review also addresses environmentally assisted cracking in the form of corrosion fatigue and hydrogen embrittlement as well as the use of implantable electrodes.
Icon Language –A Shortcut to Global Semantic Communication
Authors: Xunzhun Lin , Jingzhou Zhou 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Icon has long been used to express isolated concrete concepts such as the signs of parking. In this article, we extend its usage in two aspects. First, we define a set of icons to represent abstract concepts such as conjunctions. Second, we present a unified format to construct icons into structural language. This Icon Language has the potential to become the common language for all people in different nations, because it can be learned in one day. It is based on the principles of semiotics, artificial intelligence, system theory, and computer language. This article is an abbreviation of the book Global Icon Language for International Travel, in which a detailed introduction and explanation of motivations of Icon Language are presented along with extensive examples.
The Magic of Meme –On Memetics and Its Development in China
Authors: Juming Shen 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Meme, in line with the concept gene in the study of biological evolution, was born as a semiotic concept for the study of culture evolution. Like many other new concepts, meme has experienced both compliments and criticisms from many researchers in different fields since its birth in 1976. Through years of development, it has been established into Memetics-a new branch of study accompanied by specialized journals and a number of research findings. This paper first clarifies the concept of "meme" and then surveys both the compliments and criticisms that memetics has received worldwide through explaining the relations between memetics and social evolution and eco-semiotics, the differentiation between the "meme" and "sign", as well as the different comments on The Meme Machine. Finally, an introduction to the related studies of memetics in China is presented.
The Value and Definition of Intertextuality
Authors: Yuping Li 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Intertextual phenomenon exists in both fields of literature and art, and of science. However, intertextuality in literature is a positive one that produces new meaning and forms dialogue, therefore, occupies a decisive position, while intertextuality in science is a negative one that accurately transmits the others' thought. Since science's view of the past is completely different from literature, it values little intertextuality. As a kind of function relationship in which meanings transform and come into being, three elements are necessarily required· for the formation of intertextuality·. text a, text b, and intertextual relationship.
Rhetoric of Movie Images
Authors: Miraglia Valentina 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In the first part of this paper, we will discuss the problem of cinematographic enunciation (the shooting).
In the second part, our approach will be more analytical. We will touch upon expressive close-ups and also the aesthetic point of view. We will make use of images (frames, close-ups, sequences). We will show at which point our relationship with the pictures and films changes if the interpretation is no longer uniquely from the film, from the textual analysis of the enunciated but also from "the experience of filming".
The films I have chosen are: Rer Window by A. Hitchcock (1954), Tess by R. Polanski (1979), The Sacrifice by A. Tarkovski (1986), Le Fils by the brothers Dardenne (2002) and Lost in Translation by Sofia Coppola (2003 ). These films, together with the shooting documents are good examples of the way of proceeding in our analysis.
In artistic matters we are not dealing with simple communication but more importantly with creation. In the specific case of film: creation of time travelled through the film.
Understanding Peircean Semiotics and Its Influence on Linguistics – An Exploration on Triadic Logic System of Categories and Model of Signs
Authors: Hong Guo 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Peircean Semiotics is inaccessible to most people for its triadic logic system of categories and model of signs. Author of this paper tries to understand it through a historical view of logic systems of categories and interpret Peircean semiotics and its applications in linguistic studies.
Understanding Peirce’s Mathematical Inquiry as a Practice: Some Ontological Implication
Authors: Cooke Elizabeth F. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
One of Peirce's most important and influential contributions to pragmatism is his reconceptualization of traditional metaphysical ideas like reality in terms of human inquiry. Whether we consider his definition of reality as the external permanence which gives science its selfcorrective, or his definition of reality as the object of the final opinion in the long run, Peirce clearly intends to connect his idea of reality to the practice of inquiry. In this paper, we will consider some of the difficulties of applying the same pragmatic argument when it comes to the reality of mathematics. First, there is the difficulty of discerning what Peirce's position is regarding the reality of mathematics, since there are several disparities in his writings. Second, there is the difficulty of which view regarding the reality of mathematics serves inquiry best. In other words, must a mathematician suppose he studies real entities in order to practice mathematics? In considering this problem, we will examine the Quine-Putnam Indispensability thesis, as well as Angus Kerr-Lawson's bicategorial view. We will conclude that Peirce's philosophy of mathematics only apparently commits him to a bicategorial ontological dualism, and that is more monistic view-which is more agreeable to the Indispensability Thesis-is ultimately preferable.
Semiotics Seen Synchronically: The View as of 2010
Authors: Deely John 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Semiotics as a general phenomenon of intellectual culture took root in the 20th century. The earliest figure in that enrooting was Charles Peirce (1839-1914), but the foregrounded figure was rather Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913), who plotted a narrower course under the label "semiology". It was Thomas Sebeok (1920-2001) who made unmistakable the " pars pro toto" fallacy of Saussure's standpoint, and who cleared the way for the full development of a "doctrine of signs" under the broader label of "semiotics". Thus, as Susan Petrilli pointed out in her Sebeok Fellow Address of 2008, it is "we today who have lived in both the 20th and 21 st century" who "have witnessed and participated in" the original establishment of semiotics as knowledge thematically developed from the consideration of the action consequent upon the being proper to signs. This essay aims to provide a record of the 20th century founding of semiotics, through the interplay of the work of the key players in the drama that unfolded between the birth of Peirce and the death of Sebeok-such diverse thinkers as Jacques Maritain (1882-1973), Roman Jakobson ( 1896-1982), Charles Morris (1901-1979), Feruccio Rossi-Landi (1921-1985 ), Algirdas Greimas ( 1917-1992), Juri Lotman ( 1922-1993 ) , Jeff Bernard (1943-2010), along with a few survivors of the "founding era" who yet remain on the current scene of "unfolding synchronicity" - the "land of the living"-within semiotics. The essay makes clear that semiosis depends upon the being of signs as irreducibly of a triadic relational structure, as Poinsot (1589-1644) seems earliest to have demonstrated, and Peirce independently established as the "model" required fully to develop the doctrine of signs as a " science" presupposed to "science" in the modem, ideoscopic sense. Perhaps most important of all is the discovery that interdisciplinarity, wherever it occurs and to whatever extent it is possible, is a direct consequence of semiosis, and the reason why semiotics provides the only inherently interdisciplinary perspective antidotal to the specializations required for ideoscopic advances in science. How the universities, shaped by modem scientific specializations, will eventually accommodate this "semiotic singularity" remains to be seen.
Ancient Chinese Concept of fa (Law) and Its Orthographical Representations
Authors: Chang Han-liang 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This essay serves several critical and metacritical functions in discussing the semiotic implications of the Chinese writing fa. First of all, it examines critically various conceptualizations of " image" in the current disciplines of " imagologies", and then it comments on a contemporary French legal theoretician's image/mirage of ancient Chinese civil law. After these surveys, the essay introduces a highly specialized topic in legal semiotics by tracing the development of the written sign of fa (law) in ancient China before the second century BCE. The written word was interpreted to represent a mythical animal, whose images have recurred in Chinese writing and art history. Focusing on the scriptural representations of fa, this essay analyzes the process of conceptualization of law in ancient China, and its transformations and mutations across the borders of semiotic systems, from the basic verbal and visual levels, to the higher levels of ideology and legal theory and practice.
Rethinking Literary Genre Theory: From a Chinese Perspective
Authors: Yuping Li 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Literary genre theory is one of the basic issues in the fields of literary theory and semiotic studies. This paper investigates literary genre theory through analyzing many data of ancient Chinese literary criticism, and provides a critical insight of literary genre. Literary genre essentially refers to the textual kind of literary production and consumption in a conventionalized communicative setting in order to express the original understanding of reality. In Chinese literary theory, "Ti" (体) roughly corresponds with literary genre. In the context of "unity of man with Heaven and Earth" ( 天人合一) , social function and personality are the main criteria of literary classification in ancient China. The original concept of literary genre was tied very tightly to the performances and events on specific social occasions in both the West and the East. The perspective of dynamic semiotics tends to highlight fluidity and open-endedness of the relation between texts and genres.
Remarks for a Semiotics of the Veil
Authors: Leone Massimo 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
From birth to death, the human body is constantly veiled and unveiled, clothed and unclothed, wrapped and unwrapped. Nothing of this process is " natural". Through this process, a natural body belonging to the human species is transformed into a cultural body belonging to a human civilization. Each object that is on the body modifies its meaning, for it is impossible for the human body not to communicate. Even nudity, like silence in verbal language, is hardly deprived of any meaning. In order to understand the meaning of the body and its signs, one must distinguish between signification and communication, and between intentional and non-intentional communication. Bodily communication always entails the encounter between two or more interpretative hypotheses, which can completely match or mismatch. Since globalization, misunderstandings concerning the meaning of the body and its signs are more and more frequent as a correct interpretation of the intention and the content of bodily communication strictly depends on the cultural background of those who are involved in it. One of the most misunderstood bodily signs of our epoque is the veil of observant Islamic women. The paper initiates a reflection on the semiotics of the veil by proposing a phenomenological grid of its possible meanings.
The Convergence of Signs in Flannery O’Connor’s ”Parker‘s Back“
Authors: Tsai Hsiu-chih 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Through a tattooed body image in the short story "Parker's Back", O'Connor illustrates a possibility of "convergence" in the boundary-crossing encounter of the antithetical concepts separately possessed by the protagonist Parker and his wife. This paper would like to adopt a semiotic approach developed by Roland Barthes to study first, how Parker as a sign can perform the rhetorical function of the paradoxism, and second, through his function of mediation to contribute to the construction of the narrative. Taking Parker's body as the place of meditation of the material and the spirit helps illustrate the rhetorical and symbolic power embedded in the short story that starts and completes the life of the literary narrative. The religious concept of convergence in O'Connor's " Parker's Back" will surprisingly reveal to us certain similarities between the semiotic analyses and the religious interpretation of sign functions.
Theory of the Dialogical Sign
Authors: Pearson Charls 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Bakhtin regarded every sign as a dialogic sign while Peirce regarded every sign as a sign of thought. But a sign of thought is in dialog with the self. Thure von UexkOII even said that" life is always and everywhere a dialogue between self and self". Thus troth thinkers agreed on the dialogic nature of all signs. All three thinkers even agreed on the presence in the sign of two interpreters-the self and other, thus displaying a unity in their three theories.
The current standard theory of semiotics, the USST-2000, handles the presence of two interpreters quite well but is not able to explain the semiotic details of dialog. Since dialog is a well attested function of signs, there is an empirical need to modify the USST-2000.
This paper attempts to make the minimum adjustments to the USST- 2000 in order to bring dialog within its explanatory power. The theory presented here is successful in doing that and I therefore refer to it as the USST-2010.
The structure of the USST-2010 still maintains a recognizable Peircean heritage and hence can be regarded as a further extension of Peirce's original semiotic theory.
Semiotics for University: Semiosis Makes the World Locally Plural
Authors: Kuli Kalevi , Väli Katre 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The position of semiotics in university can be discovered by the study of the position of semiosis in the universe. Sign action is what constitutes knowing of all kinds, including both propositional and non-propositional knowing. Contemporary semiotic studies have well proved that semiotics belongs to the core of knowledge, which means that semiotics should be one of the main domains, one of the core disciplines in university teaching in parallel to the natural sciences. At several universities in the world this is already happening. One of these-the University of Tartu-can be used as an example worthy of a case study, as it is where semiotics is taught as a major specialty in undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate levels, and where a course in semiotics is also provided as a core ( methodological) course for students of many specialties. The proper place for semiotics in university entails the cooperation between biosemiotics and cultural semiotics.
Die Kommission zur Herausgabe der Schriften von Schelling an der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Authors: Zerbst Arne 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Philosophical editions comprise part of the basic research within the humanities. The commission for the edition of Schelling’s work was founded in 1968 in the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and sees itself as a research centre overarching several institutions. The commission’s academic events are necessary in order to establish and maintain a productive relationship between philology and philosophy. This is why in the last three years alone the Schelling commission has arranged five conferences. One of the most important series of the historicocritical edition of Schelling’s work is dedicated to the literary bequest, whose analysis, compilation, and later publication is of great interest to the research on Schelling.
Die Möglichkeit eines anderen Rechts
Authors: Menke Christoph 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In his critical review of Recht und Gewalt Andreas Fischer-Lescano has suggested that the critical insight into the paradoxical entwinement of law and violence should lead towards the utopian idea of a “transcendence” of law. The response to Fischer-Lescano rejects this idea as a false leveling of the - decisive normative - difference between law and society. This difference is the condition of possibility of law’s critical and hence transformative relation to society. The response thus defends the idea, brought forward in Recht und Gewalt by way of an interpretation of Benjamin’s formula of the Entsetzung of law, that the break with law’s fateful violence cannot consist in the “transcendence” but rather the “depotenciation” of law.
Sex hormones in the cardiovascular system
Authors: dos Santos Roger Lyrio , da Silva Fabrício Bragança , Ribeiro Rogério Faustino , Stefanon Ivanita 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Gender-associated differences in the development of cardiovascular diseases have been described in humans and animals. These differences could explain the low incidence of cardiovascular disease in women in the reproductive period, such as stroke, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. The cardiovascular protection observed in females has been attributed to the beneficial effects of estrogen on endothelial function. Besides estrogen, sex hormones are able to modulate blood pressure by acting on important systems as cardiovascular, renal, and neural. They can have complementary or antagonistic actions. For example, testosterone can raise blood pressure by stimulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, whereas estrogen alone or combined with progesterone has been associated with decreased blood pressure. The effects of testosterone in the development of cardiovascular disease are contradictory. Although some researchers suggest a positive effect, others indicate negative actions of testosterone. Estrogens physiologically stimulate the release of endothelium-derived vasodilator factors and inhibit the renin-angiotensin system. Although the cardioprotective effects of estrogen are widely appreciated, little is known about the effects of progesterone, which is commonly used in hormone replacement therapy. Progesterone has both vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive effects in the vasculature, depending on the location of the vessel and the level of exposure. Nevertheless, the mechanisms through which sex hormones modulate blood pressure have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the characterization of those could lead to a better understanding of hypertension in women and men and perhaps to improved forms of therapy.
Meditation can produce beneficial effects to prevent cardiovascular disease
Authors: Koike Marcia Kiyomi , Cardoso Roberto 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Coronary heart disease is the major cause of global cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Lifestyle behaviour contributes as a risk factor: unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and psychosocial stress. Atherosclerosis pathologic mechanisms involving oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, inflammation and senescence are associated with arterial wall damage and plaque formation. Stress reduction was observed in several types of meditation. After meditation, hormonal orchestration modulates effects in the central nervous system and in the body. All types of meditation are associated with blood pressure control, enhancement in insulin resistance, reduction of lipid peroxidation and cellular senescence, independent of type of meditation. This review presents scientific evidence to explain how meditation can produce beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, and particularly regarding vascular aspects.
Distributional Data and Grammatical Structures: The Case of So-Called ’Subject Extraposition’
Authors: Mindt Ilka 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This paper focuses on adjectives complemented by that-clauses as in I am happy that you are well or It is clear that the views of the unions were ignored. A new classification of adjectives will be presented which is based on an empirical analysis of the subject types found in the matrix clause. The classification of adjectives can be corroborated by distributional data. It will be demonstrated that all adjectives followed by that-clauses can be grouped into two classes of adjectives. Each class shows typical co-occurrence patterns which are reflected in the lexico-semantic characteristics of the adjectives. The new classification also covers cases which are referred to as 'subject extraposition'. These cases are included in the classification and will be explained in terms of the same syntactic and semantic criteria which apply to all other adjectives
The Distribution of Also and Too: A Preliminary Corpus Study
Authors: Gast Volker 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This paper discusses distributional differences between the two additive particles also and too on the basis of corpus evidence. Three hypotheses are explored: (i) also and too are characteristic of different registers or styles, (ii) the use of also and too is sensitive to structural properties of the 'added constituent', and (iii) the use of the two particles depends on the distribution of 'added material' over the sentence. The discussion centres around the question to what extent corpus-based methods are appropriate to test these hypotheses. While hypothesis (ii) can straightforwardly be tested (and confirmed), the other two hypotheses pose methodological challenges of different types. Corpus-based test procedures are outlined for both hypotheses and preliminary results are given, but it is pointed out that specific types of questions could be answered more easily by applying common elicitation procedures