bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La convergencia tecnológica en las aulas virtuales de la Facultad de Estudios a Distancia de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada (UMNG)
Authors: Colorado Ordónez Paula , Cogollo Rincón José Guillermo 
Published: October 2015

<p>El presente trabajo analiza si la comunidad académica de la Facultad de Estudios a Distancia está preparada para una convergencia tecnológica en cuanto a los contenidos virtuales de las asignaturas. El objeto del artículo es estudiar la<br />viabilidad de ofrecer todos los contenidos virtuales a través de dispositivos móviles y, de esta manera, tener mayor cobertura para los procesos de formación.<br />Para este estudio se encuestaron docentes y estudiantes del aula virtual de la Facultad de Estudios a Distancia, se efectuó análisis cuantitativo de la información recolectada con el uso de herramientas tecnológicas y se tomaron los elementos motivo de estudio, para hacer el análisis correspondiente. Los estudiantes y docentes mostraron que tienen habilidades en el uso de dispositivos electrónicos, móviles y entornos virtuales, las cuales se pueden reflejar en el entorno académico para conseguir una educación de mayor calidad.</p><p>Palabras clave: convergencia, dispositivos móviles, aula virtual, contenidos virtuales.</p>
Advancing Normal Birth
Authors: Lothian Judith 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn this column, the associate editor of The Journal of Perinatal Education provides an overview of research on the benefits of promoting and protecting the normal, physiologic processes of childbirth and the risks of interfering with those processes without clear medical indication. The associate editor also describes the contents of this issue, which offer a broad range of resources, research, and inspiration for childbirth educators in their efforts to promote, support, and protect natural, safe, and healthy birth.
Exploring Fathers’ Role in Breastfeeding Practices in the Urban and Semiurban Settings of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Mithani Yasmin , Premani Zahra Shaheen , Kurji Zohra , Rashid Shehnaz 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis study explored fathers’ perceptions about breastfeeding infants. A qualitative exploratory study design was used. Study setting was urban and semiurban areas of Karachi, Pakistan. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 fathers. The following themes emerged from the data collected: knowledge and awareness and enabling and impeding factors. Most fathers seemed eager to get involved and assist their partners in proper breastfeeding practices because they believed that doing so is in accordance with their faith. Fathers felt that adequate support from their family members and employers could enable them to encourage their partners to initiate and maintain exclusive and optimum breastfeeding practices. Exploring fathers’ perception regarding breastfeeding in the context of Pakistan is still a new field of study.
Features of Solutions Drilling Problems While Drilling With OBM
Authors: Figilyantov A. , Iliasov S. , Okromelidze G. , Garshina O. , Chugaeva O. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Complications during well drilling is one of the most expensive items. Sometimes, losses of companies for solving drilling problems are comparable to the cost of new well construction.
The most common and one of the cheapest ways to solve the drilling problems is cement plug. Cement plug operations are used to eliminate a circulation lost, consolidation of unstable rocks, kill part of the wellbore or sidetrack, to make the support for the re-drilling the hole or sidetrack.
Particular difficulties arise while cement plug setting in environments of the oil-based mud (OBM). The using of OBM is necessary because of the complexity of the spatial distribution and inclination of wells. OBM have a number of advantages compared water-based drilling fluids. However, OBM using does not guarantee the complete absence of complications and accidents.
In the Perm region widespread using of OBM were began in 2008. Attempts to eliminate complications during drilling with the use of OBM, setting cement plugs have not been successful, in most cases.
The article presents the results of laboratory tests of grouting material based on Portland cement class G for cement plug operations among OBM without special system of spacers and the experience of practical application of the material.
How an Integrated Services Approach Significantly Reduced Well Construction Time at Kuyumbinskoe Field in Eastern Siberia, Russia
Authors: Ignatiev Nikolay , Nedelko Pavel , Dementyev Alexander , Malkevich Liubov , Mazaev Konstantin 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Kuyumbinskoe field is a remote location, situated in the central part of Eastern Siberia 1000 km to the North from the nearest city of Krasnoyarsk (Figure 1). Weather conditions in this region are severe. Project logistics are complicated. There are no roads available for nine months of a year. Heavy load transportation is only possible in the winter period via ice roads. During the rest of the time, the only means of transportation are helicopters.
The Kuyumbinskoe field is known for its intensive oil exploration activity. The oilfield has been proven for its strategic importance for meeting production quotas to China. However, only two horizontal wells were drilled in the past with maximum horizontal drain lengths of 300 m. One of the main geological challenges is the presence of extensive natural fractures in each section of the well. Drilling through those naturally fractured formations leads to wellbore stability issues and severe or total drilling fluid losses especially in production formation which are extremely difficult to manage.
In 2013 it was determined that an Integrated Services approach would be the best model to define optimum technologies, gain necessary experience of horizontal drilling, improve well construction efficiency and to update geological model for further field development. This approach was vital for the successful fast tracked mobilization of materials and equipment to this remote field by winter road and without the need of further helicopter delivery. Six horizontal wells with pilots and more than 700 m of horizontal drain were drilled between April 2013 and November 2014 wherein 100% of the geological targets and drilling objectives were achieved.
This paper will demonstrate how the Integrated Services approach, collaboration, risk analysis and contingency planning, special equipment, technologies and innovations were applied for successful accomplishment of the project objectives. Drilling efficiency was increased by 60% in comparison with the previous experience in this field with complex geological conditions. The first wells were successfully put into production ahead of the plan.
Developing High Resistant Cement Systems for High-pressure, Hightemperature Applications
Authors: Tabatabaee Moradi Seyyed Shahab , Nikolaev Nikolay Ivanovich , Naseri Yasin 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Worldwide growing in hydrocarbon demand is driving the oil and gas companies to explore areas with more hostile conditions, such as high-pressure, high-temperature conditions. By increasing the number of projects in these conditions improved technology, material selection and testing procedures are required to overcome the challenges. One of the main reasons, causing the cement systems to fail in these environments, is concentration of stresses inside the wellbore induced by downhole changes of temperature and pressure. Therefore the objective of this work is to develop a high resistant cement system. The stress resistant cement systems in this study are produced by adding silica sands and silica flour to the dry cements. To study the effect of temperature and pressure on strength properties of set cements all samples are cured at elevated temperatures and pressures. Also the effect of curing time on the strength properties are investigated. The results show that the developed cement systems with silica flour show more strength properties, due to its microstructure properties. In these cement systems, the number of cracks and micro fracture are less than the systems with silica sand due to the fine particles size of silica flour. The cracks and fractures inside the failed set cement systems serve as pathways for formation fluids to the surface, and thus reducing the life of the well. Increasing the concentration of silica sand and silica flour will increase the strength properties but at the same time it strongly affects the other properties of cement slurry. So additives have been used to adjust other essential properties of cement systems.
Formation Damage due to Drilling and Well Completion: Extrenal Cake Formation and Stabilisation
Authors: Kalantariasl A. , Bedrikovetsky P. , Vaz A. S. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The external filter cake build-up with its final stabilization has been widely reported for drilling fluid invasion and return permeability phenomena, frormation damage by completiuon fluid, waterflooding in oilfields, drilling, produced water re-injection and disposal of produced water in aquifers. The brief overview of the models for cake formation and stabilization is presented. We derive the mechanical equilibrium equation for stabilized cake accounting for electrostatic force and for varying permeate force factor. The main empirical parameter of the model, highly affecting the stabilized cake prediction is the lever arm ratio for the particle on the cake surface. The lever arm ratio was calculated from laboratory cross-flow filtration experiments and from well injectivity data. It was also determined from Hertz's theory for the elastic particle deformation on the solid cake surface. Good agreement between the results validates the developed mechanical equilibrium model with the lever arm ratio determined from the elastic particle deformation theory.
Cased Hole Production Testing with Extended Spacing Wireline Formation Testers
Authors: Charupa M. , Khaziev M. , Blinov V. , Weinheber P. , Oreshko I. , Goitia V. H. , Eslami B. , Arnez R. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Wireline formation testing in open hole can yield robust and reliable information about reservoir fluid type and productivity. However, operational or logistical concerns can sometimes preclude gathering a full open hole formation tester data set. In this case the operator is left to either forgo the information or acquire the data in cased hole. Perforating and production testing in cased hole can be time consuming and expensive especially when there are multiple layers to be tested. This can be mitigated by using wireline formation testers (WFT) in cased hole to test individual layers, but these testers have traditionally been limited in their possible interval length. In this paper we discuss cased hole wireline formation testing with a unique configuration of the WFT that allows testing intervals much greater than previously possible.
Wireline formation tester tools with straddle packers are typically limited to about 1-m spacing between the packers. With special adaptors spacings up to 3 m have been accomplished. However, when perforated intervals are longer than this the straddle packer is not an option: it is usually inadvisable to set the elements across perforated casing and cracks in the perforated cement can make the fluid typing ambiguous. This paper discusses a method whereby two separate straddle packer tools are combined and allow a significantly longer interval to be tested.
We present a case study where the extended interval was tested and flowed for several days with the formation tester and a confident determination of fluid type performed. Additionally, a long build-up time enabled us to derive a robust estimation of permeability. The operation was concluded in three days versus the ten days of rig time that would have been expected for a cased hole production test. We also show how this method can be extended to longer intervals in both open and cased hole. We conclude that this method is should be considered for zones that could not be tested in open hole but are not worthy of a full production test in cased hole.
Although cased whole WFT operations with straddle packers have been reported in the literature this is the first instance of a double WFT tool arrangement that allows testing layers of significant perforated length. Operational guidelines and environmental limitations are also discussed.
Opportunities for Implementing Cold Water for Fracturing Services in Western Siberia
Authors: Mikhaylov D. Y. , Vernigora D. E. , Olennikova O. V. , Gromovenko A. V. , Mathur A. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing is one of the major techniques in modern well stimulation practices. The purpose of the current contribution is to gain novel insights on utilization of cold water for fracturing services in Western Siberia aiming to reduce non-productive time and price while maintaining excellent quality of service delivery. The study covers the hydration of non-modified guar gum and borate crosslinking in cold water conditions, the associated risks and plausible benefits are also considered.
Among all fracturing services, conventional borate crosslinked guar gum fluids remain the most widely utilized due to their economical profitability, availability, ease of viscosifying and handling. The reduced temperature of water affects the guar swelling and hydration during linear gel preparation and influences the crosslinking reaction rate for delayed borate systems. One of the obvious drawbacks of the guar-based fracturing fluids is the necessity for a water heat-up process, especially during winter period. Within the scope of present study we are discussing the opportunities and perspectives of non-modified guar fluids for cold water fracturing applications.
This original research details the comprehensive laboratory evaluation and thorough theoretical study, which presents a variety of fracturing fluids available to hydrate and crosslink in water temperatures starting from 5 degrees Celsius. It was revealed that the hydration of guar polymer (loading 3.6 kg/m3) in water varies between 82-88% at 5 degrees Celsius. The optimized borate-crosslinked fluids provide viscosity greater than 400 cP at 96 degrees Celsius. The versatility of proposed fracturing fluids was proven by exceptional viscosity recovery to 400 cP in less than one minute after high shear regime in the range of 10-50 degrees Celsius, simulating the fluid behavior in near-wellbore area at ambient temperature.
The scope of work included the development of cold water implementation criteria and evaluation of possible associated risks, e.g. the additional cooling effect upon contact with proppant. The results presented in the current work pave the way for implementation of conventional borate-crosslinked guar gum fluids for cold water fracturing. Without significant price increase the proposed approach allows to decrease 30% of non-productive time and reduce heating expenses. The approach is significantly beneficial in areas exposed to cold winter conditions like Russia, Alaska or Canada.
Analysis of Nuclear Well-Logging Tool Response Sensitivities Using Monte Carlo Modeling
Authors: Banzarov B. , Velker N. , Vinokurov A. , Simonov N. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Designing nuclear well-logging equipment encounters various challenges, many of which are associated with the optimization of the tool for maximum sensitivity to a desired parameter. To estimate the efficiency of a particular detector material and various design features, the tool developers perform complex research using data from test measurements and mathematical modeling. For neutron-logging tools, the design is aimed at optimizing sensitivity to either the formation neutron porosity or to the cross-section of neutron absorption in the formation. The larger fraction of the tool response comes directly from the investigated formation layer, the more precisely the parameters of interest are evaluated. Consequently, estimating and minimizing the borehole and the casing contributions to the tool response while keeping the count rate high is an important and challenging problem.
To solve the problem, the authors propose a method to estimate the sensitivity of a tool to various areas of the environment. In the proposed approach, the detector responses are calculated as the sum of contributions from various regions of the medium. This method enables, for example, comparison of the contributions to the tool response coming from the well, from the tool and from the investigated formation layer.
To calculate the contribution, the Monte Carlo methods are used. To perform Monte Carlo simulation, the Geant4 software package was used. The package provides a method to access the complete information about the simulated neutron trajectories, including time, position and energy change at each neutron interaction with the atoms of the medium. Another valuable option of the software is its ability to incorporate a variety of estimators that utilize the detailed information about the trajectories.
The method proposed in this work enables the estimation of the sensitivity of the tool to measured parameters of formation and optimization of the tool configuration from the estimation. As a concrete illustration of how the method works, an analysis of two modifications of neutron logging tools is presented. One has a chemical source; another one has a neutron generator as a source. In the studied task, the sensitivity to a selected space domain is related to a fraction of time the neutrons spend in this domain relative to the total time the neutrons travel between thermalization and registration moments.
Influence of Iron Pentacarbonyl on Catalytic Aquathermolysis of Heavy Oil: Changes of Oil's Parameters and Formation of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Galukhin A. V. , Erokhin A. A. , Gerasimov A. V. , Eskin A. A. , Nurgaliev D. K. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the influence of iron pentacarbonyl, as oil-soluble catalyst precursor, on aquathermolysis of heavy oil of the Ashal'cha field. We estimated catalytic properties by applying SARA and elemental analysis, measuring viscosity, as well as evaluating changes in molecular weight distribution of high molecular weight components of the oil. It was found that presence of iron pentacarbonyl leads to an improvement of oil properties, resulting in decrasing of average molecular weight of resin fraction. It was shown that iron pentacarbonyl forms magnetic nanoparticles consisting of magnetite and pyrrhotite during the steam treatment of heavy oil. The properties of magnetic nanoparticles by various physical and physicochemical methods were also studied.
Modeling of Completion Installation That Meets Modern Conditions of Work Performance
Authors: Zhuravlev Oleg , Shchelushkin Roman , Shadsky Alexey , Prokopcev Roman 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
An analysis of modern completions processes shows the necessity of a numerical three-dimensional modeling of dynamic processes occurring during the completion installation into the well. An actual task is to develop high-quality software package takes into account all the interests of the customer, such as risk not reaching the target depth, buckling, and adapted for the end user.
This manuscript describes the mathematical model used in specialized software environment for modeling the running of completion, liners, casing, drillstring, multistage fracturing and other downhole equipment. The mathematical apparatus included into the software, describes the following calculations: hook load during running and pulling out, buckling analysis, taking into account stiffness of the liner, the stress distribution in the column, the geometric fitting of the elements of completion, completion running with rotation and with "floating" method.
The presented solution is able to predict potential problems during the completion running into the well and can reduce the risks and optimize the installation process.
The software is also a good tool for peer reviews to optimize the characteristics of pipes, etc. used in the well completion.
A Novel Tool to Improve Rate of Penetration–Down-hole Drilling String Absorption & Hydraulic Supercharging Device
Authors: Zhang Hongning , Guan Zhichuan , Liu Yongwang , Xu YuQiang 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
On the basis of the study on drill string vibration rules in vertical well drilling and the idea of transformation of drill string vibration energy to drilling fluid hydraulic energy, a novel tool, down-hole drill string absorption & hydraulic supercharging device (DSAHSD), is designed to further improve the rate of penetration (ROP). The DSAHSD combines the advantages of reducing the axial vibration of the drill string and generating more than 120 MPa ultra-high pressure jet to effectively assist rock breaking. When the drilling fluid flows through this tool, part of the drilling fluid will be modulated to the ultra-high pressure jet by periodic compression of piston drove by drill string vibration. During this process, the ultra-high pressure jet ejected through ultra-high pressure nozzle that fixed on the bit edge in bottom hole. Because of hydraulic auxiliary rock breaking of the ultra-high pressure jet, the ROP will be improved. This tool has been applied to more than 40 wells in four oil fields throughout China. The results show that the maximum density of the test drilling fluid is 1.9g/cm3, the maximum footage is 1480m, and the operation time of the tool is more than 200 hours. Furthermore, the average ROP was increased by approximately 11% to 831%. In conclusion, the DSAHSD has the characteristics of a simple structure, has a long lifetime, is able to adapt well with existing drilling equipment, and can provide a safe and efficient drilling technique for deep wells. In addition, a novel design idea of down-hole hydraulic booster was proposed, so this is a major breakthrough of down-hole supercharging technique.
Pressure Depletion Optimization and Increase of Oil Production by Well Test and Decline Analysis
Authors: Morozovskiy Nikita , Melnikov Sergey , Krichevskiy Vladimir , Feoktistov Roman CJSC 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The paper describes the use of pressure monitoring of producing and injecting wells for estimating the effectiveness of pressure maintenance system (PMS). On the first stage of forming such system, due to low replacement rate there is no traditional signs of effectiveness: producing rates increase, bottomhole pressures raise etc. In this case decline analysis based on permanent telemetric downhole gauge system, can be effective estimation tool. The authors have proved the effectiveness of pressure maintenance system on one of the oil fields of Orenburg region.
Basing on pressure and rate analysis, hydrodynamic models were built in Ecrin software of Kappa Engineering of producing wells, placed right next to injection wells. Results of long-term well tests and decline analysis were the base of estimation approach.
Based on complex analysis of producing wells, placed near first injection clusters, paper shows the stable influence of injection. Solving of this problem would be impossible without developing an online well parameters monitoring system on the field. The use of stationary telemetric system helps solving problems not only in wells or clusters scale, but also for the whole field.
This work again proved the effectiveness of equipping wells with telemetric monitoring systems of all parameters. It provides the possibility to make fast and effective decisions of field development and maintain base production rates. The work shows significant value of hydrodynamic development monitoring as for specific wells and for the whole field.