bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Libéralisme et Nouveau Libéralisme des années 1880 à 1914
Authors: Packer Ian , Poncharal Bruno 
Published: October 2013

Le libéralisme n’était pas un concept statique au tournant du 20 e siècle. Le courant de pensée qu’on a appelé le « Nouveau Libéralisme » a, par exemple, mené à un programme de réformes sociales qui fut ajouté au programme libéral existant et à un intérêt renouvelé pour l’électorat issu de la classe ouvrière. Les penseurs du libéralisme, comme Leonard J. Hobhouse et John A. Hobson, ont cherché à montrer que le langage et les idées du libéralisme n’étaient pas incompatibles avec la réforme sociale. Cet article s’intéresse aux liens complexes entre les idées des nouveaux libéraux et les pratiques des gouvernements libéraux entre 1905 et 1915. Ian Packer montre qu’il n’y a pas de lien direct entre les arguments des penseurs libéraux et les décisions prises par les gouvernements libéraux de faire voter d’importantes réformes sociales, comme la réforme sur les retraites.
Adolf Eichmann à Jérusalem ou le procès vu de la cage de verre (1961-1962)
Authors: Théofilakis Fabien 
Published: October 2013

Adolf Eichmann n’a pas seulement été un accusé hors du commun par sa fonction d’officier SS responsable de la déportation des juifs d’Europe. Il l’a également été par sa propension à parler pour se défendre comme le dévoilent les milliers de pages de notes qu’il a rédigées pendant son procès à Jérusalem (1960-1962). Elles permettent d’étudier la stratégie de défense de l’accusé telle celle d’un nazi qui mène sa dernière bataille, ainsi que sa vision de l’interprétation de la Shoah et de son rôle dans l’histoire. Bien loin de l’incarnation du criminel de bureau qui ne pense pas, du « pantin » décrit par Hannah Arendt, elles donnent à voir un accusé qui joue de manière active les herméneutes face aux mille six cents documents de la défense, tente de seconder son avocat mais aussi de démystifier les témoins.
Dans le piège du fourmilion
Authors: Ambaras David , Magill Michèle M. 
Published: October 2013

Au début du 20 e siècle, les journaux japonais rapportèrent l’« enlèvement » de Japonaises parties à Fuqing, au Fujian, en compagnie de colporteurs chinois qu’elles avaient rencontrés au Japon. Les autorités japonaises, soucieuses de sauvegarder le prestige national, s’efforcèrent de les rapatrier et d’empêcher l’émigration d’autres femmes à Fuqing, mais il leur fallut affronter la coopération douteuse des forces chinoises à une époque d’hostilité croissante envers le Japon. De plus, l’idée même qu’avaient ces femmes de leur propre intérêt allait souvent à l’encontre de la rhétorique et de la politique officielles. Cet article explore ces relations interethniques intimes et leurs rapports à l’impérialisme japonais avant 1937.
Note on the Grothendieck Group of Subspaces of Rational Functions and Shokurov's Cartier b-divisors
Authors: Kaveh Kiumars , Khovanskii A. G. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract.In a previous paper the authors developed an intersection theory for subspaces of rational functions on an algebraic variety X over k = ℂ. In this short note, we first extend this intersection theory to an arbitrary algebraically closed ground field k. Secondly we give an isomorphism between the group of Cartier b-divisors on the birational class of X and the Grothendieck group of the semigroup of subspaces of rational functions on X. The constructed isomorphism moreover preserves the intersection numbers. This provides an alternative point of view on Cartier b-divisors and their intersection theory.
An Interview-Based Study of Individual and Institutional Preparedness for Teaching IFRS
Authors: Santos Noema E. , Quilliam William Clayton 
Published: October 2013

This study uses an interview approach in order to ascertain individual and institutional preparation for implementing IFRS into curricula. This is an important issue, due to the eventual adoption of IFRS by the United States. The participants in the study indicate that neither individuals nor institutions have a high level of readiness for teaching IFRS. The study then covers the implications of these findings and suggests future research possibilities.
The Effect of Large Controlling Shareholder’s Presence and Board of Directors on Firm Value
Authors: Jebri Aymen 
Published: October 2013

This study investigates the effect of large controlling shareholder’s presence and board of directors on firm value.The empirical results, based on a unique database of French firms, show a positive effect of cash-flow rights held by the largest controlling shareholders suggesting that an increase in cash-flow ownership makes the controlling shareholder’s interest more closely aligned with other shareholders and incited to create value.Our results also reveal that the wedge between voting and cash-flow rights of controlling shareholders have a negative effect on firm value.Finally, our empirical evidence shows a positive but not significant effect of the board structure on firm value. In fact, efficient boards should have a majority of independent directors able to monitor and advice managers since the more directors are independent the more they are likely to provide a valuable contribution to firm valuation. However, if a board appoints busy directors, controlling and advisory capabilities on managers’ decisions will be limited since there is no sufficient time. We should therefore expect to see resource diversion and decreased firm value.
The Behavior Of Bureaucracy in Formulation Annual Government Planning Process
Authors: Ahmad Jamaluddin 
Published: October 2013

The consistency of regional government budget is actually reflected from adjustment planning and budgeting program, which is really determined by formulating process of annual government planning every year. Formulating process is bureaucracy responsibility, so most of behaviors of bureaucracy where dominated. This research aimed at: (1) describing behaviors of bureaucracy types in formulating process annual government planning, (2) describing external environment models interaction with behaviors of bureaucracy types in formulating process annual government planning, and (3) explain the formulating process of annual government planning principles with behaviors of bureaucracy types. The results of the research showed that between behaviors of bureaucracy types consists of: career staff type, politics type, professional type, and missioner type, which dominated by the career staff type in formulating process annual government planning. This happens because of the perception, individual decision making, communication patterns, unit leadership, internal organization and culture. While the external environment interaction model of bureaucratic behavior is a social model the determined the regency leadership factor, factor structure, factor of bureaucratic authority, and cultural factors. While the application of the principles annual government planning formulation based on the type of bureaucratic behavior has basically done but still needs improvement.
Political Connections, Analyst Following, and the Informativeness of Insider Trading in China
Authors: Zeng Qingsheng , Zhang Yaozhong 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Based on the theory of information asymmetry, this paper studies the predictive power of Chinese insider trading on a stock’s future medium- and long-term abnormal returns. The evidence shows that as a whole, Chinese insider trading can predict a stock’s future return in the medium term as well as in the long term, but this predictive ability is affected by factors such as the company’s political connections and analyst following and the ownership nature of its controller. In detail, the insider trading of companies with high-level political connections has significantly higher informativeness than that of non-politically connected companies, but the insider trading of companies with low-level political connections is not informative. Moreover, the effect of high-level political connections on the informativeness of insider trading is related to the ownership nature of the corporate controller. Among high-level politically connected companies, privately controlled companies’ insider trading has significantly higher informativeness than that of state-controlled companies. Analyst following significantly decreases the informativeness of corporate insider trading, but it fails to decrease to a larger extent the informativeness of the insider trading of companies with high-level political connections. This paper makes two main contributions to the literature. First, considering China’s special institutional background, it studies the impact of political connections on corporate insider trading, thereby expanding the perspective of insider trading research worldwide. Second, it is the first time in Chinese research that the positive effect of analyst following on reducing corporate information asymmetry has been tested from the perspective of insider trading, and thus the paper enriches China’s literature on securities analysts. What is more, our findings not only remind investors about the different levels of informativeness among different types of insider trading to help them in obtaining medium- to long-term abnormal returns but also give suggestions to securities market regulators on the types of corporate insider trading that should be monitored more.
Early Illness Features Associated With Mortality in the Juvenile Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
Authors: Huber Adam M. , Mamyrova Gulnara , Lachenbruch Peter A. , Lee Julia A. , Katz James D. , Targoff Ira N. , Miller Frederick W. , Rider Lisa G. ,   for the Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity Collaborative Study Group
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveBecause juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are potentially life‐threatening systemic autoimmune diseases, we examined risk factors for juvenile IIM mortality.MethodsMortality status was available for 405 patients (329 with juvenile dermatomyositis [DM], 30 with juvenile polymyositis [PM], and 46 with juvenile connective tissue disease–associated myositis [CTM]) enrolled in nationwide protocols. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated using US population statistics. Cox regression analysis was used to assess univariable associations with mortality, and random survival forest (RSF) classification and Cox regression analysis were used for multivariable associations.ResultsOf 17 deaths (4.2% overall mortality), 8 (2.4%) were in juvenile DM patients. Death was related to the pulmonary system (primarily interstitial lung disease [ILD]) in 7 patients, gastrointestinal system in 3, and multisystem in 3, and of unknown etiology in 4 patients. The SMR for juvenile IIMs overall was 14.4 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 12.2–16.5) and was 8.3 (95% CI 6.4–10.3) for juvenile DM. The top mortality risk factors in the univariable analysis included clinical subgroup (juvenile CTM, juvenile PM), antisynthetase autoantibodies, older age at diagnosis, ILD, and Raynaud's phenomenon at diagnosis. In multivariable analyses, clinical subgroup, illness severity at onset, age at diagnosis, weight loss, and delay to diagnosis were the most important predictors from RSF; clinical subgroup and illness severity at onset were confirmed by multivariable Cox regression analysis.ConclusionOverall mortality was higher in juvenile IIM patients, and several early illness features were identified as risk factors. Clinical subgroup, antisynthetase autoantibodies, older age at diagnosis, and ILD are also recognized as mortality risk factors in adult myositis.
Using the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score Based on Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate or C‐Reactive Protein Level: Results From the Portuguese Register
Authors: Mourão Ana F. , Santos Maria J. , Melo‐Gomes José , Martins Fernando M. , Costa José A. , Ramos Filipa , Brito Iva , Duarte Cátia , Figueira Ricardo , Figueiredo Guilherme , Furtado Carolina , Lopes Ana , Oliveira Margarida , Rodrigues Ana , Salgado Manuel , Sousa Miguel , Branco Jamie C. , Fonseca João E. , Canhão Helena 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveOur aims were to evaluate the correlation between Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score 27‐joint reduced count (JADAS27) with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and JADAS27 with C‐reactive protein (CRP) scores and to test the agreement of both scores on classifying each disease activity state. We also aimed at verifying the correlation of the 2 scores across juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) categories and to check the correlation between JADAS27‐ESR and clinical JADAS27 (JADAS27 without ESR).MethodsA nationwide cohort of patients with JIA registered in the Portuguese Register, Reuma.pt, was studied. JADAS27‐CRP was adapted by replacing ESR with CRP level as the inflammatory marker. JADAS27‐CRP was calculated similarly to JADAS27‐ESR as the simple linear sum of its 4 components. Pearson's correlations and K statistics were used in the analyses.ResultsA total of 358 children had full data to calculate JADAS27; 65.4% were female and the mean ± SD disease duration was 11.8 ± 9.1 years. The correlation coefficient between JADAS27‐ESR and JADAS27‐CRP was 0.967 (P < 0.0001), although the correlation coefficient between ESR and CRP level was 0.335 (P < 0.0001). The strong correlation between JADAS27‐ESR and JADAS27‐CRP was maintained when compared within each JIA category. The agreement between JADAS27‐ESR and JADAS27‐CRP across the 4 activity states was very good, showing 91.1% of the observations in agreement; K = 0.867 (95% confidence interval 0.824–0.91). The correlation between JADAS27 with ESR and JADAS27 without ESR was high (r = 0.97, P < 0.0001).ConclusionJADAS27 based on CRP level correlated closely with JADAS27‐ESR across all disease activity states and JIA categories, indicating that both measures can be used in clinical practice. Moreover, the correlation of JADAS27 with and without ESR was also high, suggesting that this tool might be useful even in the absence of laboratorial measures.
Morphology and crystallization behavior of nylon 6‐clay/neat nylon 6 bicomponent nanocomposite fibers
Authors: Kazemi Shahin , Mojtahedi Mohammad Reza Mohaddes , Takarada Wataru , Kikutani Takeshi 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTNylon 6‐clay hybrid/neat nylon 6, sheath/core bicomponent nanocomposite fibers containing 4 wt % of clay in sheath section, were melt spun at different take‐up speeds. Their molecular orientation and crystalline structure were compared to those of neat nylon 6 fibers. Moreover, the morphology of the bicomponent fibers and dispersion of clay within the fibers were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Birefringence measurements showed that the orientation development in sheath part was reasonably high while core part showed negligibly low birefringence. Results of differential scanning calorimetry showed that crystallinity of bicomponent fibers was lower than that of neat nylon 6 fibers. The peaks of γ‐crystalline form were observed in the wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction of bicomponent and neat nylon 6 fibers in the whole take‐up speed, while α‐crystalline form started to appear at high speeds in bicomponent fibers. TEM micrographs revealed that the clay platelets were individually and evenly dispersed in the nylon 6 matrix. The neat nylon 6 fibers had a smooth surface while striped pattern was observed on the surface of bicomponent fibers containing clay. This was speculated to be due to thermal shrinkage of the core part after solidification of the sheath part in the spin‐line. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 39996.
Coating of glass and polycarbonate with aqueous two‐component polyurethane resin
Authors: Barletta Massimiliano , Pezzola Silvia , Tagliaferri Vincenzo , Trovalusci Federica 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTHard polyurethane coatings combine several features as high flexibility and toughness, good chemical resistance, improved clarity, and spontaneous air‐drying. However, the coating design (thicknesses, interface pretreatments, substrate features, etc.) is often troublesome. In this respect, the present investigation deals with the application of high‐clarity polyurethane coatings on transparent glass and polycarbonates. In particular, the role of the coating thicknesses and, above all, of the different compliance of the substrates was investigated. Progressive mode scratch and dry sliding linear reciprocating tribological tests were carried out and scanning electron microscopy images were captured to analyze the deformation response of the polyurethane coatings. The experimental findings allow to better interpret the way to ruptures of the investigated coating systems and the mechanisms involved. Accordingly, new strategies to prevent them could be elicited. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 40021.
Double‐nozzle air‐jet electrospinning for nanofiber fabrication
Authors: Pu Congcong , He Jianxin , Cui Shizhong , Gao Weidong 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA novel double‐nozzle air‐jet electrospinning apparatus was developed to fabricate nanofibers on a large scale. The distribution of the electric field at different nozzle distances was simulated to analyze the jet path, productivity, and deposition area of nanofiber webs and the nanofiber morphology. Our experiments showed that the bubbles usually ruptured intermittently on the top surface of the two nozzles and the jets traveled in a straight path with a high initial velocity. A continuous and even thickness of the nanofiber webs were obtained when the nozzle distances was less than 55 mm. At nozzle distances of 55 mm, the received fibers were thin with the lowest standard deviation. Experimental parameters involving the applied voltage, collecting distance, and air flow rate were also investigated to analyze the nanofiber morphology at a nozzle distance of 55 mm. The results show that the nanofibers presented a finer and thinner diameter at an applied voltage of 36 kV, a collecting distance of 18 cm, and an air flow rate of 800 mL/min. The nanofiber production of this setup increased to nearly 70 times that with a single‐needle electrospinning setup. On the basis of the principle of this air‐jet electrospinning setup, various arrangements of multinozzle electrospinning setups could be designed for higher throughput of nanofibers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 40040.
Fluorinated polybenzimidazopyrrolones with excellent alkaline‐hydrolysis resistance
Authors: Tao Liming , Yang Haixia , Liu Jingang , Fan Lin , Yang Shiyong 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTTwo novel aromatic tetraamines containing bulky lateral phenyl unit and multiple trifluoromethyl groups, 1,1‐bis[4‐(3′,4′‐diaminophenoxy)phenyl]‐1‐(3″‐trifluoromethylphenyl)−2,2,2‐trifluoroethane (6FTA) and 1,1‐bis[4‐(3′,4′‐diaminophenoxy)phenyl]‐1‐[3″,5″‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethane (9FTA) were synthesized and characterized. A series of fluorinated aromatic polybenzimidazopyrrolones (polypyrrolones, PPys) were synthesized via a two‐step polycondensation procedure. The inherent viscosities of the precursors, poly(amide amino acid) (PAAA), ranged from 0.39 dL/g to 0.54 dL/g. All the FPPys were amorphous. The freestanding FPPy films could be prepared, which exhibited good thermal stability with the glass transition temperature of 315–389°C, the temperatures of 5% weight loss (T5%) of 497–535°C in nitrogen and residual weight retention at 700°C over 60%. All the FPPy films exhibited excellent alkaline‐hydrolysis resistance which retained their original shapes and toughness after boiling 7 days in 10% sodium hydroxide solution. Also after boiling 8 h in 10% sodium hydroxide solution, the tensile strength could retain as high as 56% of the original values. The alkaline‐hydrolysis resistance was much better than the polyimides which had similar chemical structures. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 40041.
Structural Changes and Antibody Enrichment in the Lungs Are Early Features of Anti–Citrullinated Protein Antibody–Positive Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Reynisdottir Gudrun , Karimi Reza , Joshua Vijay , Olsen Helga , Hensvold Aase Haj , Harju Anders , Engström Marianne , Grunewald Johan , Nyren Sven , Eklund Anders , Klareskog Lars , Sköld Carl Magnus , Irinel Catrina Anca 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveIt has been suggested that immunologic events in the lungs may be involved in triggering immunity, in particular production of anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) during early phases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to investigate the structural and immunologic features of the lungs in incident cases of early RA in relation to ACPA presence and smoking status.MethodsHigh‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was used to examine the lungs of 105 patients with early, untreated RA (70 with ACPA‐positive RA and 35 with ACPA‐negative RA) and 43 healthy individuals. Bronchoscopy with collection of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and mucosal bronchial biopsy specimens was performed in 23 RA patients. The presence of citrullinated proteins in the bronchial tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining. ACPAs (detected with an anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide 2 test) and total Ig levels were determined in the sera and BAL fluid of RA patients.ResultsHRCT imaging revealed that 63% of ACPA‐positive RA patients had parenchymal lung abnormalities, compared with only 37% of ACPA‐negative RA patients and 30% of healthy controls (each P < 0.05). These significant differences remained after adjustment for smoking status. Airway changes detected by HRCT were more frequent in RA patients than in healthy controls (66% versus 42%; P < 0.05), but there was no difference between ACPA‐positive and ACPA‐negative RA patients. Immunohistochemical studies of the bronchial tissue showed increased staining for citrullinated proteins in ACPA‐positive RA patients compared with ACPA‐negative RA patients (P < 0.05). ACPA levels were relatively higher in the BAL fluid as compared with the sera of ACPA‐positive RA patients, suggesting that there is local production of ACPAs in the lungs of these patients.ConclusionThe presence of ACPAs is associated with parenchymal lung abnormalities, site‐specific citrullination, and antibody enrichment in the lungs early in the development of ACPA‐positive RA.