bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
U–Pb zircon geochronology of volcanic deposits from the Permian basin of the Orobic Alps (Southern Alps, Lombardy): chronostratigraphic and geological implications
Authors: BERRA FABRIZIO , TIEPOLO MASSIMO , CAIRONI VALERIA , SILETTO GIAN BARTOLOMEO 
Published: September 2014

AbstractU–Pb zircon ages from volcanic rocks of Early Permian age (Southern Alps, Lombardy), associated with fault-controlled transtensional continental basins, were determined with the laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS technique. Four samples were collected at the base and at the top of the up to 1000 m thick volcaniclastic unit of the Cabianca Volcanite. This unit pre-dates the development of a sedimentary succession that still contains, at different stratigraphic levels, volcanic intercalations. Age results from a tuff in the basal part of the unit constrain the onset of the volcanic activity to 280 ± 2.5 Ma. Ignimbritic samples from the upper part of the unit show a large scatter in the age distribution. This is interpreted as the occurrence of antecrystic and autocrystic zircons. The youngest autocrystic zircons (c. 270 Ma) are thus interpreted as better constraining the eruption age, constraining the duration of the volcanic activity in the Orobic Basin to about 10 Ma. The new geochronological results compared with those of other Early Permian basins of the Southern Alps reveal important differences that may reflect (1) a real time-transgressive beginning and end of the volcanic activity or (2) the complex mixing of antecrystic and autocrystic zircon populations in the analysed samples.
Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and Immigration Policy Making in the United States
Authors: Peters Margaret E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis article argues that immigration policy formation in the United States after 1950 can only be understood in the context of the increasing integration of world markets. Increasing trade openness has exposed firms that rely on immigrant labor to foreign competition and increased the likelihood that these firms fail. Increasing openness by other states to foreign direct investment (FDI) allowed these same firms to move production overseas. Firms' choices to close their doors or to move overseas decrease their need for labor at home, leading them to spend their political capital on issues other than immigration. Their lack of support for open immigration, in turn, allows policymakers to restrict immigration. An examination of voting behavior on immigration in the US Senate shows that the integration of world capital and goods markets has had an important effect on the politics of immigration in the United States and shows little support for existing theories of immigration policy formation. In addition to increasing one's understanding of immigration policy, this article sheds light on how trade openness and firms' choice of production location can affect their preference for other foreign economic policies as well as domestic policies such as labor, welfare, and environmental policies.
The microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease and its modulation as a therapeutic manoeuvre
Authors: Hart A. L. , Hendy P. 
Published: September 2014

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in incidence in both the developed and the developing world. Genetic, immunological and environmental factors are known to be involved. Genome-wide studies have examined the contribution played by host genetics in the development of IBD and have estimated that genetic factors are responsible for about 25 % of the disease risk. Having an IBD-associated genotype does not always lead to development of the disease phenotype, and hence it seems likely that environmental factors are key to triggering development of the disease in genetically susceptible individuals. The gut microbiota contains more cells than its human host, and mounting evidence attests to the importance of the microbiota in the development of several diseases, including IBD, metabolic syndrome and CVD. The present paper reviews the interplay between the microbiota and the mucosal immune system in health and in IBD; and discusses the evidence base for the use of therapeutic modulation of the microbiota to prevent and treat IBD.
The Role of Partnership Status on Late-Life Physical Function
Authors: Clouston Sean A. P. , Lawlor Andrea , Verdery Ashton M. 
Published: September 2014

RÉSUMÉCette étude a examiné les voies socio-économiques reliant le statut de partenariat pour le fonctionnement physique en fin de vie, mesuré à l'aide des moyens objectifs, y compris le débit de pointe et la force de préhension. Utilisant la vague 4 de l’enquête SHARE sur la santé, le vieillissement et la retraite en Europe, nous avons couru des modèles multi-niveaux pour examiner la relation entre le statut de partenariat et la fonctionnement physique en fin de vie, en ajustant les caractéristiques des réseaux sociaux, les facteurs socio-économiques et les comportements sanitaires. Nous avons trouvé une relation forte entre le statut de partenariat et le fonctionnement physique. L'incorporation des caractéristiques des réseaux sociaux, des facteurs socio-économiques et des comportements de santé ont montré de relations indépendantes et solides avec le fonctionnement physique. La covariance a atténué l'impact de la cohabitation, la séparation, le veuvage sur la fonction physique; des effets robustes ont été trouvés pour le célibat et le divorce. Analyses séparées par sexe suggèrent que les associations entre la cohabitation, le célibat, le divorce et le veuvage sont plus pour les hommes que pour les femmes. Les résultats indiquent que les liens sociaux sont importants pour l'amélioration du fonctionnement physique.
Control of varicella in the post-vaccination era in Australia: a model-based assessment of catch-up and infant vaccination strategies for the future
Authors: GAO Z. , WOOD J. G. , GIDDING H. F. , NEWALL A. T. , MENZIES R. I. , WANG H. , McINTYRE P. B. , MACINTYRE C. R. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYIn Australia, varicella vaccine was universally funded in late 2005 as a single dose at 18 months. A school-based catch-up programme for children aged 10–13 years without a history of infection or vaccination was funded until 2015, when those eligible for universal infant vaccination would have reached the age of high school entry. This study projects the impact of discontinuing catch-up vaccination on varicella and zoster incidence and morbidity using a transmission dynamic model, in comparison with alternative policy options, including two-dose strategies. At current vaccine coverage (83% at 2 years and 90% at 5 years), ceasing the adolescent catch-up programme in 2015 was projected to increase varicella-associated morbidity between 2035 and 2050 by 39%. Although two-dose infant programmes had the lowest estimated varicella morbidity, the incremental benefit from the second dose fell by 70% if first dose coverage increased from 83% to 95% by age 24 months. Overall zoster morbidity was predicted to rise after vaccination, but differences between strategies were small. Our results suggest that feasibility of one-dose coverage approaching 95% is an important consideration in estimating incremental benefit from a second dose of varicella vaccine.
Aetiologies of diarrhoea in adults from urban and rural treatment facilities in Bangladesh
Authors: FERDOUS F. , AHMED S. , FARZANA F. D. , DAS J. , MALEK M. A. , DAS S. K. , SALAM M. A. , FARUQUE A. S. G. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYThe objective of our analysis was to describe the aetiology, clinical features, and socio-demographic background of adults with diarrhoea attending different urban and rural diarrhoeal disease hospitals in Bangladesh. Between January 2010 and December 2011, a total of 5054 adult diarrhoeal patients aged ⩾20 years were enrolled into the Diarrhoeal Disease Surveillance Systems at four different hospitals (two rural and two urban) of Bangladesh. Middle-aged [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0·28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·23–0·35,P < 0·001] and elderly (aOR 0·15, 95% CI 0·11–0·20,P < 0·001) patients were more likely to present to rural diarrhoeal disease facilities than urban ones.Vibrio choleraewas the most commonly isolated pathogen (16%) of the four pathogens tested followed by rotavirus (5%), enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) (4%), andShigella(4%). Of these pathogens,V. cholerae(19%vs. 11%,P < 0·001), ETEC (9%vs. 4%,P < 0·001), and rotavirus (5%vs. 3%,P = 0·013) were more commonly detected from patients presenting to urban hospitals than rural hospitals, butShigellawas more frequently isolated from patients presenting to rural hospitals than urban hospitals (7%vs. 2%,P< 0·001). The isolation rate ofShigellawas higher in the elderly than in younger adults (8%vs. 3%,P < 0·001). Some or severe dehydration was higher in urban adults than rural adults (P< 0·001). Our findings indicate that despite economic and other progress made, conditions facilitating transmission ofV. choleraeandShigellaprevail in adults with diarrhoea in Bangladesh and further efforts are needed to control these infections.
Temporal trends in BMI in Argentina by socio-economic position and province-level economic development, 2005–2009
Authors: Christine Paul J , Diez Roux Ana V , Wing Jeffrey J , Alazraqui Marcio , Spinelli Hugo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated temporal trends in BMI, and assessed hypothesized predictors of trends including socio-economic position (SEP) and province-level economic development, in Argentina.DesignUsing multivariable linear regression, we evaluated cross-sectional patterning and temporal trends in BMI and examined heterogeneity in these associations by SEP and province-level economic development with nationally representative samples from Argentina in 2005 and 2009. We calculated mean annual changes in BMI for men and women to assess secular trends.ResultsWomen, but not men, exhibited a strong cross-sectional inverse association between SEP and BMI, with the lowest-SEP women having an average BMI 2·55 kg/m2greater than the highest-SEP women. Analysis of trends revealed a mean annual increase in BMI of 0·19 kg/m2and 0·15 kg/m2for women and men, respectively, with slightly greater increases occurring in provinces with greater economic growth. No significant heterogeneity in trends existed by individual SEP.ConclusionsBMI is increasing rapidly over time in Argentina irrespective of various sociodemographic characteristics. Higher BMI remains more common in women of lower SEP compared with those of higher SEP.
An evaluation of the effectiveness of the flour iron fortification programme in Brazil
Authors: dos Santos Quenia , Nilson Eduardo AF , Verly Junior Eliseu , Sichieri Rosely 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe present communication reports a strategy to calculate the intake of Fe based on data available for folic acid and evaluate the programme of flour fortification in Brazil.DesignCross-sectional study conducted in Brazil during 2008 and 2009. A 2d dietary record of individuals was used. The usual intake of folic acid by sex and age group was estimated using the National Cancer Institute method. The quantity of folic acid and Fe established by mandatory food fortification in Brazil was used, and based on that quantity we calculated the amount of flour consumed and the intake of Fe from fortification and Fe from food. Then, the absorption of each nutrient was calculated.SettingBrazilian households (n 16 764).SubjectsIndividuals (men and women, n 34 003, aged 10 to 60+ years) from a Brazilian nationwide survey.ResultsMean intake and absorption of Fe from fortification (electrolytic Fe) was low in men and women.ConclusionsThe impact from the consumption of fortified products is small in relation to Fe intake in Brazil. The strategy proposed to estimate Fe intake from the fortification programme indicates that the amount of flour intake observed in Brazil does not justify the current ranges of mandatory flour fortification and the form of Fe that is mainly used (electrolytic Fe).
Prevalence of severe ADHD: an epidemiological study in the Italian regions of Tuscany and Latium
Authors: Donfrancesco R. , Marano A. , Calderoni D. , Mugnaini D. , Thomas F. , Di Trani M. , Innocenzi M. , Vitiello B. 
Published: September 2014

Background.The rate with which attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed varies widely across countries, suggesting that cultural factors influence the clinical interpretation of child behaviour. This study estimated the point prevalence of severe ADHD among elementary and middle-school Italian children.Method.An epidemiological sample of 2016 children attending 2nd–8th grade in the Italian regions of Tuscany and Latium was selected based on census distribution of the school-age population. Teachers completed the Italian version of the ADHD Rating Scale for Teachers (SDAI). For children with at least six inattention symptoms and/or at least six hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms rated ‘very often’ by the teachers, the parents completed the Italian ADHD Rating Scale for Parents (SDAG). Children with documented ADHD symptoms at both school and home received a complete psychiatric interview with the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL).Results.Of the 1887 assessed children, 4.45% (95% CI 3.58–5.51) met the ADHD cut-off on teacher ratings, 1.43% (0.96–2.12) had ADHD symptoms endorsed by both teacher and parent, and 1.32% (0.87–1.97) were further confirmed by the psychiatric evaluation. The male:female ratio was 7:1. The inattentive type accounted for about half of the ADHD cases.Conclusions.When applying stringent criteria for both severity and pervasiveness of symptoms, it is estimated that about 1.3% of the Italian elementary and middle-school children suffer from severe ADHD.
Size-independent symmetric division in extraordinarily long cells
Authors: Pende Nika , Leisch Nikolaus , Gruber-Vodicka Harald R. , Heindl Niels R. , Ott Jörg , den Blaauwen Tanneke , Bulgheresi Silvia 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTwo long-standing paradigms in biology are that cells belonging to the same population exhibit little deviation from their average size and that symmetric cell division is size limited. Here, ultrastructural, morphometric and immunocytochemical analyses reveal that two Gammaproteobacteria attached to the cuticle of the marine nematodes Eubostrichus fertilis and E. dianeae reproduce by constricting a single FtsZ ring at midcell despite being 45 μm and 120 μm long, respectively. In the crescent-shaped bacteria coating E. fertilis, symmetric FtsZ-based fission occurs in cells with lengths spanning one order of magnitude. In the E. dianeae symbiont, formation of a single functional FtsZ ring makes this the longest unicellular organism in which symmetric division has ever been observed. In conclusion, the reproduction modes of two extraordinarily long bacterial cells indicate that size is not the primary trigger of division and that yet unknown mechanisms time the localization of both DNA and the septum.
Building the graph of medicine from millions of clinical narratives
Authors: Finlayson Samuel G. , LePendu Paea , Shah Nigam H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractElectronic health records (EHR) represent a rich and relatively untapped resource for characterizing the true nature of clinical practice and for quantifying the degree of inter-relatedness of medical entities such as drugs, diseases, procedures and devices. We provide a unique set of co-occurrence matrices, quantifying the pairwise mentions of 3 million terms mapped onto 1 million clinical concepts, calculated from the raw text of 20 million clinical notes spanning 19 years of data. Co-frequencies were computed by means of a parallelized annotation, hashing, and counting pipeline that was applied over clinical notes from Stanford Hospitals and Clinics. The co-occurrence matrix quantifies the relatedness among medical concepts which can serve as the basis for many statistical tests, and can be used to directly compute Bayesian conditional probabilities, association rules, as well as a range of test statistics such as relative risks and odds ratios. This dataset can be leveraged to quantitatively assess comorbidity, drug-drug, and drug-disease patterns for a range of clinical, epidemiological, and financial applications.
BMP7 reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic tubulopathy
Authors: Li Rui Xi , Yiu Wai Han , Wu Hao Jia , Wong Dickson W. L. , Chan Loretta Y. Y. , Lin Miao , Leung Joseph C. K. , Lai Kar Neng , Tang Sydney C. W. 
Published: September 2014

Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) has been reported to confer renoprotective effects in acute and chronic kidney disease models, but its potential role in Type 2 diabetic nephropathy remains unknown. In cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs), exposure to advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) induced overexpression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), involving activation of p44/42 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling. BMP7 dose-dependently attenuated AGE-induced up-regulation of ICAM1, MCP1, IL-8 and IL-6 at both mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, BMP7 suppressed AGE-induced p38 and p44/42 MAPK phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species production in PTECs. Compared with vehicle control, uninephrectomized db/db mice treated with BMP7 for 8 weeks had significantly lower urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (3549±816.2 μg/mg compared with 8612±2037 μg/mg, P=0.036), blood urea nitrogen (33.26±1.09 mg/dl compared with 37.49±0.89 mg/dl, P=0.006), and renal cortical expression of ICAM1 and MCP1 at both gene and protein levels. In addition, BMP7-treated animals had significantly less severe tubular damage, interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, renal cortical p38 and p44/42 phosphorylation and lipid peroxidation. Our results demonstrate that BMP7 attenuates tubular pro-inflammatory responses in diabetic kidney disease by suppressing oxidative stress and multiple inflammatory signalling pathways including p38 and p44/42 MAPK. Its potential application as a therapeutic molecule in diabetic nephropathy warrants further investigation.
High‐performance full transparent tin‐doped zinc oxide thin‐film transistors fabricated on glass at low temperatures
Authors: Chen Zhuofa , Han Dedong , Zhao Nannan , Cong Yingying , Wu Jing , Huang Lingling , Dong Junchen , Zhao Feilong , Liu Lifeng , Zhang Shengdong , Zhang Xing , Wang Yi 
Published: September 2014

High‐performance full transparent bottom‐gate type tin‐doped zinc oxide thin‐film transistors (TZO TFTs) had been successfully fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering on glass substrates at low temperatures. The effect of O2/Ar gas flow ratio during channel deposition on the electrical properties of TZO TFTs was investigated and an optimised growing condition (O2/Ar gas flow ratio: 8/92) for TZO film as the channel layer was acheived. Excellent device performance was obtained, with a low off‐state current (Ioff) of 10−12 A, a high on/off current ratio of 5 × 107, a high saturation mobility (μs) of 57 cm2/Vs, a steep subthreshold slope of 0.507 V/decade and a threshold voltage (Vth) of 3.5 V. These results highlight that excellent device performance can be realised in TZO film and TZO TFT is a promising candidate for transparent flat panel display.
Interactivities, intersubjectivities and language
Authors: Linell Per 
Published: September 2014

This theoretical paper deals with intersubjectivity and interactivity in relation to language and sense-making. It starts out from a critical discussion of certain proposals regarding the nature and localisation of language, that is, radical versions of individualism and collectivism. The conclusion is that both are untenable. Instead, we must assume that language originates and lives in interactivities between sense-making people. Such an ‘interactionism’ is close to dialogism.The bulk of the paper is devoted to the relations between interactivities and intersubjectivities. Adducing arguments from a cross-disciplinary approach to language and languaging, we end up with a conclusion that interactivities are more basic than both intersubjectivities and linguistic dialogue. In the summarising discussion the paper suggests some foundations for a dynamic and dialogical language science, as an antidote to formal linguistics.
Religiosity as a Predictor of Adolescents’ Substance use Disorder Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Yeterian Julie D. , Bursik Krisanne , Kelly John F. 
Published: September 2014

Background A growing body of research on adults with substance use disorders (SUDs) suggests that higher levels of religiosity and/or spirituality are associated with better treatment outcomes. However, investigation into the role of religiosity and spirituality in adolescent SUD treatment response remains scarce. The present study examines religiosity as a predictor of treatment outcomes in an adolescent sample, with alcohol/other drug problem recognition as a hypothesized moderator of this relationship. Problem recognition was selected as a moderator in an attempt to identify a subset of adolescents who would be more likely to use religious resources when attempting to change their substance use. Methods One hundred twenty-seven outpatient adolescents aged 14 to 19 ( Mage = 16.7, SD = 1.2, 24% female) were followed for 1 year after treatment intake. Growth curve analyses were used to assess the impact of baseline religiosity and problem recognition on subsequent abstinence rates, drug-related consequences, and psychological distress. Results On average, abstinence did not change significantly during the follow-up period, whereas drug-related consequences and psychological distress decreased significantly. Religiosity did not predict changes in abstinence or psychological distress over time. Religiosity did predict reductions in drug-related consequences over time ( b = −0.20, t = −2.18, P = .03). However, when problem recognition was added to the model, the impact of religiosity on consequences became nonsignificant, and there was no interaction between religiosity and problem recognition on consequences. Conclusions The main hypothesis was largely unsupported. Possible explanations include that the sample was low in religiosity and few participants were actively seeking sobriety at treatment intake. Findings suggest adolescent outpatients with SUD may differ from their adult counterparts in the role that religiosity plays in recovery.