bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food allergy and food‐based therapies in neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: de Theije Caroline G. M. , Bavelaar Bas M. , Lopes da Silva Sofia , Korte Sijmen Mechiel , Olivier Berend , Garssen Johan , Kraneveld Aletta D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental disorders which occur in childhood and may persist into adulthood. Although the etiology of these disorders is largely unknown, genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in the development of ASD and ADHD. Allergic immune reactions, in prenatal and postnatal phases, are examples of these environmental factors, and adverse reactions to foods are reported in these children. In this review, we address the clinical and preclinical findings of (food) allergy in ASD and ADHD and suggest possible underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, opportunities for nutritional interventions in neurodevelopmental disorders are provided.
Type‐II histone deacetylases: elusive plant nuclear signal transducers
Authors: GRANDPERRET VINCENT , NICOLAS‐FRANCÈS VALÉRIE , WENDEHENNE DAVID , BOURQUE STÉPHANE 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSince the beginning of the 21st century, numerous studies have concluded that the plant cell nucleus is one of the cellular compartments that define the specificity of the cellular response to an external stimulus or to a specific developmental stage. To that purpose, the nucleus contains all the enzymatic machinery required to carry out a wide variety of nuclear protein post‐translational modifications (PTMs), which play an important role in signal transduction pathways leading to the modulation of specific sets of genes. PTMs include protein (de)acetylation which is controlled by the antagonistic activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Regarding protein deacetylation, plants are of particular interest: in addition to the RPD3‐HDA1 and Sir2 HDAC families that they share with other eukaryotic organisms, plants have developed a specific family called type‐II HDACs (HD2s). Interestingly, these HD2s are well conserved in plants and control fundamental biological processes such as seed germination, flowering or the response to pathogens. The aim of this review was to summarize current knowledge regarding this fascinating, but still poorly understood nuclear protein family.
Opening the black box: outcomes of interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and non‐host genotypes of Medicago depend on fungal identity, interplay between P uptake pathways and external P supply
Authors: FACELLI E. , DUAN T. , SMITH S E. , CHRISTOPHERSEN H M. , FACELLI J M. , SMITH F A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe investigated the physiology that underlies the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization on outcomes of interactions between plants. We grew Medicago truncatula A17 and its AM‐defective mutant dmi1 in intragenotypic (two plants per pot of the same genotype, x2) or intergenotypic (one plant of each genotype, 1 + 1) combinations, inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis (formerly Glomus intraradices) or Gigaspora margarita. We measured plant growth, colonization, contributions of AM and direct P uptake pathways using 32P, and expression of plant Pi transporter genes at two levels of P supply. A17 (x2) responded positively to inoculation only at low P. The response was enhanced with 1 + 1 even at high P where colonization in A17 was reduced. With R. irregularis P uptake by the AM pathway was unaffected by P supply, whereas with G. margarita, the AM pathway was lower at high P, and direct uptake higher. Gene expression varied and was unrelated to P uptake through the two pathways. There was no evidence of plant control of P uptake via R. irregularis at high P but there was via G. margarita. Importantly, growth responses of plant genotypes grown alone did not predict outcomes of intergenotypic interactions.
Inhibition of female mating by male accessory gland substances in the ground beetle Leptocarabus procerulus
Authors: HAYASHI NAO , TAKAMI YASUOKI 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe ground beetle Leptocarabus procerulus (Chaudoir) possesses seminal substances that have a physical function to form mating plugs and a physiological function to induce female refractory behaviour, which act together to hinder female remating. Little is known about the physiological properties of the substances inducing female refractory behaviour, especially with respect to their secretory organ, dose‐dependency, molecular characteristics and the effect of female maturity. By injecting male‐derived substances into females, substances that induce female refractory behaviour are shown to be produced in the male accessory gland but not in the testis. Injection of extracts from the accessory gland increases the female refractory period at moderate doses but not at lower or higher doses. By contrast, injection of extracts from the testis reduces the female refractory period at high doses. The lack of an effect of accessory gland substances at higher doses could be the result of an anomalous effect of unnaturally large doses of seminal products by direct injection, the toxicity of seminal substances that deter female responses, or counteraction by injected substances that promote female receptivity. The accessory gland substances lose their activity when heated, although the testis substances do not. Females without mature eggs tend to reject mating entirely, although variation in the number of mature eggs (one or more) is not associated with the female refractory period, indicating the limited effect of female reproductive maturity. These findings may help to clarify the physiological basis of the evolution of the elaborated male mating behaviour in L. procerulus.
Optimization Protocol for Storage of Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Embryos in Chilled State
Authors: Shaluei F , Imanpoor MR , Shabani A , Nasr‐Esfahani MH 
Published: November 2013

ContentsA series of five experiments were conducted to explore suitable conditions for storing of goldfish embryos in a chilled state. The factors studied were embryo stage, storage temperature, physiological saline solutions and goldfish artificial coelomic fluid (GFACF) medium, antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin), antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C), buffer (Hepes, Tris) and BSA (bovine serum albumin). First, goldfish embryos at eight developmental stages were incubated in aerated and dechlorinated tap water at 0°C for 24 h. Result shows that early developmental stages were most sensitive to chilling. Heartbeat‐stage goldfish embryos were chilled at 0, 4 or 8°C for up to 72 h in water, and chilled storage was possible only for up to 18, 24 and 48 h at 0, 4 and 8°C, respectively, without a decrease in viability. Chilling of goldfish embryos at 8°C in GFACF medium and Dettlaff's solution instead of water and other physiological saline solutions prolonged their viability (p < 0.01). Nevertheless, viability of chilled embryos in GFACF medium was slightly, but non‐significantly, higher than in Dettlaff's solution. Supplementation of the GFACF medium with antibiotics, Hepes or BSA increased the viability of chilled embryos, but the tested vitamin E analogue Trolox, vitamin C or Tris concentration had no effect on embryo viability. The outcome of this series of experiments shows that heartbeat‐stage goldfish embryos could be chilled for 60 h in GFACF supplemented with 25 mm Hepes, 100 U/ml penicillin, 10 μg/l streptomycin and 1 g/l BSA in such a way that embryonic development does not proceed, and viability is not lost.
Caregiver roles in families affected by Huntington's disease: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Røthing Merete , Malterud Kirsti , Frich Jan C. 
Published: November 2013

AimThe objective of this study was to explore family caregivers' experiences with the impact of Huntington's disease (HD) on the family structure and roles in the family.MethodologyWe interviewed 15 family caregivers in families affected by HD, based on a semi‐structured interview guide. The participants were recruited through hospital departments and a lay organisation for HD in Norway. Data from the interviews were analysed with systematic text condensation.ResultsHuntington's disease could have a substantial impact on the family system, the shape of roles among family members and the hierarchical order between spouses, partners, and parents and children. The relationship between spouses and partners changed during the course of the disease. A reciprocal relationship was difficult to maintain, as the role as carer overshadowed other roles. Children of an affected parent could compensate for impairments by taking on adult responsibilities, and in some families, a child had the role as main caregiver. The increasing need for care could cause conflicts between the role as family member and family caregiver. The burden of care within the family could fragment and isolate the family.ConclusionsHuntington's disease has a major impact on family systems. Caregiver roles are shaped by impairments in the affected family member and corresponding dynamic adoption and change in roles within the family. Making assessments of the family structure and roles, professionals may understand more about how to care for and support individuals in their role as family members and caregivers in different stages of the disease and family life cycle.
The Role of Social Goals in Bullies' and Victims' Social Information Processing in Response to Ambiguous and Overtly Hostile Provocation
Authors: Smalley David , Banerjee Robin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUnderstanding what social goals are associated with bullying and victimization behaviours, even after allowing for biases in interpretation of and affective responses to social events, is critical for understanding the socio‐behavioural profile of bullies and victims. In the present study, 181 nine‐ to ten‐year‐olds' affective responses, attribution of intent, and social goals were assessed in the context of a series of ambiguous and overtly hostile provocation vignettes. Results showed that even after allowing for other social information processing biases, social goals were meaningfully associated with bullying and victimization scores. Bullying was inversely associated with relationship‐building goals, and positively associated with goals to be assertive over the provocateur when provocation was overtly hostile. Being victimized was associated with having submissive goals even when provocation was ambiguous and after accounting for attribution of hostile intent. Findings are discussed in light of theoretical and practical implications.
Understanding Relations between Science, Politics, and the Public: The Case of a GM Field Trial Controversy in Belgium
Authors: de Krom Michiel P.M.M. , Dessein Joost , Erbout Nathalie 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn 2011, a Belgian field trial with genetically modified crops triggered fierce public protests and debates. Opponents of the trial protested against its performance and some advocated its destruction, in response to which scientists and the government defended a scientific freedom to perform the trial. This article investigates why the different stakeholders came to occupy such mutually exclusive positions towards the trial. Based on analyses of qualitative interviews with key stakeholders, document analyses, and field observations, the article argues that the different stakeholders were involved in an ontological politics. This politics centred on the question of which ontologically different, co‐existing versions of the trial should be attended to in institutionalised scientific and political appraisals of the trial. The article concludes that the institutional handling of the trial as if it represented a single reality that merited only epistemological struggles contributed to turning a multifaceted debate into a dichotomous one, figuring field trial proponents and opponents. As such, the opposition between the different stakeholders was not antecedent to the institutional handling of the trial – as different stakeholders claimed – but rather an outcome of it.
How to Apply the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL) Properly to Parallel Geospatial Raster I/O?
Authors: Qin Cheng‐Zhi , Zhan Li‐Jun , Zhu A‐Xing 
Published: November 2013

AbstractInput/output (I/O) of geospatial raster data often becomes the bottleneck of parallel geospatial processing due to the large data size and diverse formats of raster data. The open‐source Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL), which has been widely used to access diverse formats of geospatial raster data, has been applied recently to parallel geospatial raster processing. This article first explores the efficiency and feasibility of parallel raster I/O using GDAL under three common ways of domain decomposition: row‐wise, column‐wise, and block‐wise. Experimental results show that parallel raster I/O using GDAL under column‐wise or block‐wise domain decomposition is highly inefficient and cannot achieve correct output, although GDAL performs well under row‐wise domain decomposition. The reasons for this problem with GDAL are then analyzed and a two‐phase I/O strategy is proposed, designed to overcome this problem. A data redistribution module based on the proposed I/O strategy is implemented for GDAL using a message‐passing‐interface (MPI) programming model. Experimental results show that the data redistribution module is effective.
Modeling Use of Space from Social Media Data Using a Biased Random Walker
Authors: Prager Steven D. , Wiegand R. Paul 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIndividuals and other entities move through space as a function of local characteristics of place, their internal behavioral models, and the topological structure of the underlying space. When a collection of locations (i.e. geotagged photos or other geotagged social media information) from a large number of individuals is assembled, it becomes possible to understand the interrelationship between the individuals and the space they occupy. This research systematically considers this interrelationship through an examination of the effect of the intersection of behavioral and spatial characteristics on individuals moving on street networks. The research illustrates how social media data, in combination with a biased random walker, can be used to understand and model the interaction of spatial structure and social‐environmental factors on influencing individuals' use of their environment. The biased walker offers a flexible approach to incorporate consideration of both social‐environmental and structural factors into a model and we demonstrate this through a case study wherein we are able to use the random walker to model the characteristics of Flickr users in New York City.
Hyperbolicity related problems for complete intersection varieties
Authors: Brotbek Damian 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this paper we examine different problems regarding complete intersection varieties of high multidegree in a smooth complex projective variety. First we prove an existence theorem for jet differential equations that generalizes a theorem of Diverio. Then we show how one can deduce hyperbolicity for generic complete intersections of high multidegree and high codimension from the known results on hypersurfaces. Finally, motivated by a conjecture of Debarre, we focus on the positivity of the cotangent bundle of complete intersections, and prove some results towards this conjecture; among other things, we prove that a generic complete intersection surface of high multidegree in a projective space of dimension at least four has an ample cotangent bundle.
ON COHOMOLOGY OF THE HIGSON COMPACTIFICATION OF HYPERBOLIC SPACES
Authors: DRANISHNIKOV ALEXANDER , GENTIMIS THANOS 
Published: November 2013

We show that in dimensions > 1 the cohomology groups of the Higson compactification of the hyperbolic space ℍn with respect to the C0 coarse structure are trivial. Also we prove that the cohomology groups of the Higson compactification of ℍn for the bounded coarse structure are trivial in all even dimensions.
Age Group and Individual Differences in Attentional Orienting Dissociate Neural Mechanisms of Encoding and Maintenance in Visual STM
Authors: Shimi Andria , Kuo Bo-Cheng , Astle Duncan E. , Nobre Anna C. , Scerif Gaia 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Selective attention biases the encoding and maintenance of representations in visual STM (VSTM). However, precise attentional mechanisms gating encoding and maintenance in VSTM and across development remain less well understood. We recorded EEG while adults and 10-year-olds used cues to guide attention before encoding or while maintaining items in VSTM. Known neural markers of spatial orienting to incoming percepts, that is, Early Directing Attention Negativity, Anterior Directing Attention Negativity, and Late Directing Attention Positivity, were examined in the context of orienting within VSTM. Adults elicited a set of neural markers that were broadly similar in preparation for encoding and during maintenance. In contrast, in children these processes dissociated. Furthermore, in children, individual differences in the amplitude of neural markers of prospective orienting related to individual differences in VSTM capacity, suggesting that children with high capacity are more efficient at selecting information for encoding into VSTM. Finally, retrospective, but not prospective, orienting in both age groups elicited the well-known marker of visual search (N2pc), indicating the recruitment of additional neural circuits when orienting during maintenance. Developmental and individual differences differentiate seemingly similar processes of orienting to perceptually available representations and to representations held in VSTM.
Distractor Expectancy Effects on Interval Timing
Authors: Penney Trevor B. , Yim Edward N. K. , Ng Kwun Kei 
Published: November 2013

The influence of non-temporal distractor stimuli on interval timing under conditions expected to elicit covert shifts of attention was examined using seconds range stimuli and the duration bisection task. Distractor stimuli appeared in positions peripheral to the timing signal on half of the trials, but participants were instructed to maintain fixation on the timing stimulus while their eye positions were monitored using an eye-tracker. In Experiment 1, participants ignored the distractors, whereas in Experiment 2 participants counted the distractors. In both experiments, trials with distractors were judged as longer than equivalent duration trials without distractors. Presenting a cue that indicated whether or not the subsequent trial would include distractors (Experiment 3) eliminated this lengthening effect. Taken together, these results suggest that when the presence of distractor stimuli during a trial is uncertain, distractor expectation captures attention that would otherwise be allocated to timing, with the result that perceived duration is shorter on trials in which distractors are absent.
Change-Point Analysis of Polar Zone Radiosonde Temperature Data
Authors: Jandhyala V. K. , Liu P. , Fotopoulos S. B. , MacNeill I. B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA comprehensive change-point analysis of annual radiosonde temperature measurements collected at the surface, troposphere, tropopause, and lower-stratosphere levels at both the South and North Polar zones has been done. The data from each zone are modeled as a multivariate Gaussian series with a possible change point in both the mean vector as well as the covariance matrix. Prior to carrying out an analysis of the data, a methodology for computing the large sample distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator of the change point is first developed. The Bayesian approach for change-point estimation under conjugate priors is also developed. A simulation study is carried out to compare the maximum likelihood estimator and various Bayesian estimates. Then, a comprehensive change-point analysis under a multivariate framework is carried out on the temperature data for the period 1958–2008. Change detection is based on the likelihood ratio procedure, and change-point estimation is based on the maximum likelihood principle and other Bayesian procedures. The analysis showed strong evidence of change in the correlation between tropopause and lower-stratosphere layers at the South Polar zone subsequent to 1981. The analysis also showed evidence of a cooling effect at the tropopause and lower-stratosphere layers, as well as a warming effect at the surface and troposphere layers at both the South and North Polar zones.
E–ε
Model of Spray-Laden Near-Sea Atmospheric Layer in High Wind Conditions
Authors: Rastigejev Yevgenii , Suslov Sergey A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In-depth understanding and accurate modeling of the interaction between ocean spray and a turbulent flow under high wind conditions is essential for improving the intensity forecasts of hurricanes and severe storms. Here, the authors consider the E–ε closure for a turbulent flow model that accounts for the effects of the variation of turbulent energy and turbulent mixing length caused by spray stratification. The obtained analytical and numerical solutions show significant differences between the current E–ε model and the lower-order turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) model considered previously. It is shown that the reduction of turbulent energy and mixing length above the wave crest level, where the spray droplets are generated, that is not accounted for by the TKE model results in a significant suppression of turbulent mixing in this near-wave layer. In turn, suppression of turbulence causes an acceleration of flow and a reduction of the drag coefficient that is qualitatively consistent with field observations if spray is fine (even if its concentration is low) or if droplets are large but their concentration is sufficiently high. In the latter case, spray inertia may become important. This effect is subsequently examined. It is shown that spray inertia leads to the reduction of wind velocity in the close proximity of the wave surface relative to the reference logarithmic profile. However, at higher altitudes the suppression of flow turbulence by the spray still results in the wind acceleration and the reduction of the local drag coefficient.