bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excitation spectrum of TTF-TCNQ: a finite temperature calculation
Authors: Lošić Željana 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this paper we study the excitation spectrum of the organic conductor tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ) using finite temperature calculations. The effect of electronelectron interaction is considered within the random phase approximation (RPA). Our results show the temperature dependent plasmon and dipolar mode corresponding qualitatively to the modes obtained previously using zero temperature formalism assigned to the observed excitations at 10 meV and 0.75 eV. These modes have an essential influence on the energy-loss function. The obtained results are in good qualitative agreement with the optical and EELS data of TTF-TCNQ.
Laparoscopically assisted resection of jejunal diverticula. A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Toquero Lawrence , Fernandes Roland , Kyi Nang , Bains Sonia , Sagias Filipos , Baillie Samantha , Doughan Samer 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
We present the first documented case of laparoscopically assisted resection of a jejunal diverticulum. A 53 year old gentleman presented with right sided abdominal pain along with raised inflammatory markers. Computed tomography revealed multiple diverticula in the proximal jejunum, one of which was inflamed. The patient was managed conservatively, and subsequently underwent an elective laparoscopically assisted resection of a jejunal diverticulum with no complications.
Calorimetric determination of the effect of additives on cement hydration process
Authors: Šiler Pavel , Krátký Josef , Kolářová Iva , Havlica Jaromír , Brandštetr Jiří 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPossibilities of a multicell isoperibolic-semiadiabatic calorimeter application for the measurement of hydration heat and maximum temperature reached in mixtures of various compositions during their setting and early stages of hardening are presented. Measurements were aimed to determine the impact of selected components’ content on the course of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) hydration. The following components were selected for the determination of the hydration behaviour in mixtures: very finely ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), silica fume (microsilica, SF), finely ground quartz sand (FGQ), and calcined bauxite (CB). A commercial polycarboxylate type superplasticizer was also added to the selected mixtures. All maximum temperatures measured for selected mineral components were lower than that reached for cement. The maximum temperature increased with the decreasing amount of components in the mixture for all components except for silica fume. For all components, except for CB, the values of total released heat were higher than those for pure Portland cement samples.
Modelling and analysis of vehicle crash system integrated with different VDCS under high speed impacts
Authors: Elkady Mustafa , Elmarakbi Ahmed 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The behaviour of a vehicle at high-speed crashes is enhanced by using active vehicle dynamics control systems. A 6-Degree-of-Freedom (6-DOF) mathematical model is developed to carry out this study. In this model, vehicle dynamics is studied together with vehicle crash structural dynamics. Validation of the vehicle crash structure of the proposed model is achieved to ensure that the modelling of the crumble zone and the dynamic responses are reliable. Five different speeds are selected to investigate the robustness of control system and its effect on the vehicle crash characteristics at low and high speeds with full and offset collision scenarios. A great improvement of vehicle pitch and yaw angels and accelerations at high speed collision are obtained from this analysis.
Recrystallization of snowpack at sites with different degrees of humidity
Authors: Lobkina Valentina A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe results of monitoring the rate of recrystallization of snow cover at sites with different degrees of humidity are presented. Observations were carried out at two sites within the same stratigraphic complex of snow cover in the south of Sakhalin island, Sea of Okhotsk. The basic structural changes in snowpack were traced. We determined the rate of growth of the diameter of the crystals in the snow layer. The structure of the snowpack was studied using E.G. Kolomyts’s technique. On the basis of stratigraphic observations, diagrams of the stratification of the snow cover were created, to determine the rate of evolution of ice crystals in a separate layer from its inception.
Role of stem cells in the management of chronic wounds
Authors: Sharma Ramesh Kumar , John Jerry R. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTChronic wounds continue to be a major challenge for the medical profession, and plastic surgeons are frequently called in to help in the management of such wounds. Apart from the obvious morbidity to the patient, these problem wounds can be a major drain on the already scarce hospital resources. Sometimes, these chronic wounds can be more taxing than the underlying disease itself. Although many newer methods are available to handle such situations, the role of stem cells in the management of such wounds is an exciting area that needs to be explored further. A review of literature has been done regarding the role of stem cells in the management of chronic wounds. The abnormal pathology in such wounds is discussed and the possible role of stem cells for optimal healing in such cases would be detailed.
Hyperbaric oxygen and wound healing
Authors: Bhutani Sourabh , Vishwanath Guruswamy 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTHyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is the use of 100% oxygen at pressures greater than atmospheric pressure. Today several approved applications and indications exist for HBOT. HBOT has been successfully used as adjunctive therapy for wound healing. Non-healing wounds such as diabetic and vascular insufficiency ulcers have been one major area of study for hyperbaric physicians where use of HBOT as an adjunct has been approved for use by way of various studies and trials. HBOT is also indicated for infected wounds like clostridial myonecrosis, necrotising soft tissue infections, Fournier′s gangrene, as also for traumatic wounds, crush injury, compartment syndrome, compromised skin grafts and flaps and thermal burns. Another major area of application of HBOT is radiation-induced wounds, specifically osteoradionecrosis of mandible, radiation cystitis and radiation proctitis. With the increase in availability of chambers across the country, and with increasing number of studies proving the benefits of adjunctive use for various kinds of wounds and other indications, HBOT should be considered in these situations as an essential part of the overall management strategy for the treating surgeon.
Reconstructive challenges in war wounds
Authors: Bhandari Prem Singh , Mukherjee Mrinal Kanti , Maurya Sanjay 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTWar wounds are devastating with extensive soft tissue and osseous destruction and heavy contamination. War casualties generally reach the reconstructive surgery centre after a delayed period due to additional injuries to the vital organs. This delay in their transfer to a tertiary care centre is responsible for progressive deterioration in wound conditions. In the prevailing circumstances, a majority of war wounds undergo delayed reconstruction, after a series of debridements. In the recent military conflicts, hydrosurgery jet debridement and negative pressure wound therapy have been successfully used in the preparation of war wounds. In war injuries, due to a heavy casualty load, a faster and reliable method of reconstruction is aimed at. Pedicle flaps in extremities provide rapid and reliable cover in extremity wounds. Large complex defects can be reconstructed using microvascular free flaps in a single stage. This article highlights the peculiarities and the challenges encountered in the reconstruction of these ghastly wounds.
Wound care with traditional, complementary and alternative medicine
Authors: Dorai Ananda A. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTWound care is constantly evolving with the advances in medicine. Search for the ideal dressing material still continues as wound care professionals are faced with several challenges. Due to the emergence of multi-resistant organisms and a decrease in newer antibiotics, wound care professionals have revisited the ancient healing methods by using traditional and alternative medicine in wound management. People′s perception towards traditional medicine has also changed and is very encouraging. The concept of moist wound healing has been well accepted and traditional medicine has also incorporated this method to fasten the healing process. Several studies using herbal and traditional medicine from different continents have been documented in wound care management. Honey has been used extensively in wound care practice with excellent results. Recent scientific evidences and clinical trials conducted using traditional and alternative medicine in wound therapy holds good promise in the future.
Occupational Therapy Predischarge Home Visits for Patients with a Stroke: What is National Practice?
Authors: Drummond Avril , Whitehead Phillip , Fellows Karen , Edwards Claire , Sprigg Nikola 
Published: September 2012

Background: Little is known about day-to-day procedures in conducting predischarge home visits in occupational therapy. The aim of this study was to identify current practice in relation to people with stroke. Method: A questionnaire was designed and piloted; 184 were posted to stroke units in England. Results: Responses were analysed from 85 stroke units from 10 regions. The main reason for conducting visits was to ‘assess or practise activities of daily living in the home environment’ (93%), closely followed by to ‘identify or address safety issues’ (92%). Wide variations exist in time spent on the actual visit (range 10–135 minutes), with a mean time of 63 minutes (SD 20.36), and a mean time of 61 minutes (SD 33.13) for writing a report. Visits were generally conducted by an occupational therapist, with an occupational therapy/physiotherapy assistant. The majority (95%) of therapists reported having a home visit bag and the most common item included was incontinence pads (83%). Conclusion: This research has provided valuable information on, and highlights the variation in, day-to-day predischarge home assessment visits for patients after stroke. The next step must be to use this knowledge to evaluate patient selection and to examine the costs and effectiveness of such visits.
Differentiation of pigmented Spitz nevi and Reed nevi by integration of dermatopathologic and dermatoscopic findings
Authors: Bär Michael , Tschandl Philipp , Kittler Harald 
Published: September 2012

Background: It is unclear whether pigmented Spitz and Reed nevi are distinct morphologic entities or part of the spectrum of Spitz nevi.
Methods: In a retrospective observational study we analyzed dermatopathologic slides of 22 cases with clinical and dermatoscopic features indicative of pigmented Spitz or Reed nevus in a blinded fashion according to predefined criteria and subsequently correlated dermatopathologic with clinical and dermatoscopic findings.
Results: We differentiated pigmented Spitz and Reed nevus dermatopathologically by their capacity of melanin production and a vertical versus horizontal growth pattern. Based on histopathology 20 nevi (91%) could be reliably diagnosed as Reed nevus (68%, n = 15) or as pigmented Spitz nevus (23%, n = 5). In two cases (9%, n = 2) it was not possible to make a clear distinction from a dermatopathologic point of view. Dermatopathologic-dermatoscopic correlation showed that Reed nevi were characterized by a dermatoscopic pattern of peripheral radial lines or pseudopods (fascicular growth pattern), whereas pigmented Spitz nevi were typified by a pattern consisting of clods (nested growth pattern). “Spitz cells” (large epithelioid melanocytes) were more commonly found in Spitz nevi (100%, n = 5) but were also present in Reed nevi (n=6, 40%). Spindle cells were found in both types of nevi.
Conclusions: Pigmented Spitz and Reed nevi can be reliably distinguished based on their dermatopathologic and dermatoscopic patterns. The specific dermatopathologic patterns of pigmented Spitz and Reed nevi correspond well to their dermatoscopic patterns. The presence of “Spitz cells” or spindle cells should not be regarded as the decisive criterion to differentiate between these two entities.
Symmetric Large‐Area Metal‐Molecular Monolayer‐Metal Junctions by Wedging Transfer
Authors: Krabbenborg Sven O. , Wilbers Janine G. E. , Huskens Jurriaan , van der Wiel Wilfred G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA method is described for fabricating and electrically characterizing large‐area (100–400 μm2) metal‐molecular monolayer‐metal junctions with a relatively high overall yield of ≈45%. The measurement geometry consists of ultra‐smooth (template‐stripped) patterned Au bottom electrodes, combined with ultra‐smooth top Au electrodes deposited using wedging transfer. The fabrication method is applied to the electrical characterization of Au‐alkanethiol self‐assembled monolayer‐Au junctions. An exponential decay of the current density is found for increasing the chain length of the alkanethiols, in agreement with earlier studies. The symmetric device geometry, and flexibility for contacting monolayers with various end groups are important advantages compared to existing techniques for electrically characterizing molecular monolayers.
Skutterudite Unicouple Characterization for Energy Harvesting Applications
Authors: Muto Andrew , Yang Jian , Poudel Bed , Ren Zhifeng , Chen Gang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSkutterudites are promising thermoelectric materials because of their high figure of merit, ZT, and good thermomechanical properties. This work reports the effective figure of merit, ZTeff, and the efficiency of skutterudite legs and a unicouple working under a large temperature difference. The p‐ and n‐type legs are fabricated with electrodes sintered directly to the skutterudite during a hot pressing process. CoSi2 is used as the electrode for the n‐type skutterudite (Yb0.35Co4Sb12) and Co2Si for the p‐type skutterudite (NdFe3.5Co0.5Sb12). A technique is developed to measure the ZTeff of individual legs and the efficiency of a unicouple. An ZTeff of 0.74 is determined for the n‐type legs operating between 52 and 595 °C, and an ZTeff of 0.51 for the p‐type legs operating between 77 and 600 °C. The efficiency of the p–n unicouple is determined to be 9.1% operating between ∼70 and 550 °C.
A Study on the Correlation Between Structure and Hole Transport in Semi‐Crystalline Regioregular P3HT
Authors: Shen Xiaobo , Duzhko Volodimyr V. , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA correlation between the hole transport and corresponding structural properties of the bulk regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (rr‐P3HT) is studied as a function of temperature by the time‐of‐flight (TOF) and wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) techniques. The thermally‐reversible structural evolution along the (100) and (020) directions in a semi‐crystalline rr‐P3HT can be divided into two distinct temperature regions. At T > 120 °C, a large thermal expansion along the π–π stacking direction in the nanocrystals and a deteriorated ordering in the material result in negative slopes of temperature and electric field dependences of hole mobility. The WAXD data suggest that the hole transport is limited by a decrease in the crystallinity and by an increase in the hopping distance along the π‐π stacking direction, while the Gaussian Disorder Model (GDM) with temperature‐independent parameters cannot be applied. At T < 120 °C, the transport‐related structural changes are negligible and the temperature and electric field dependences of hole mobility can be described by the GDM with constant energetic (σ ∼ 120 meV) and positional disorder parameters (Σ ∼ 3.33). These values suggest that the hole transport is limited by the amorphous phase, as commonly seen in disordered polymers. Moreover, a regiorandom P3HT (rra‐P3HT), which shows a temperature‐independent intermolecular distance of ∼15.3Å, provides a route for separate examination of the amorphous phase in rr‐P3HT.
Low‐dimensional modeling of linear heat transfer systems using incremental the proper orthogonal decomposition method
Authors: Xu Chao , Schuster Eugenio 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTIn this work, we propose the incremental proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method and the recursive Galerkin projection to achieve model order reduction (MOR) for high‐dimensional dynamical systems arising in the processes of heat transfer for green buildings. For MOR of high‐dimensional dynamical systems, we use a batch of historic data to initially extract a sequence of POD modes and derive a low‐dimensional system to approximate the high‐dimensional heat transfer system. Then, we check the prediction error at every subsequent sampling moment by using the obtained POD modes. If the approximation error is larger than the pre‐given threshold value, we then add the new snapshot into the collected sampling ensemble. Instead of recalculating the POD‐oriented eigenvalue decomposition problem at each ensemble augmentation (which is time‐consuming), the incremental POD method applies the updated singular value decomposition approach to increase the number of POD modes and adjust the shape of POD modes, and also change corresponding POD eigenvalues through a matrix rotation transformation. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaction‐Based Colorimetric and Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensor for Detection of Cyanide in Aqueous Media
Authors: Lin Yan‐Duo , Pen Yung‐Shu , Su Weiting , Liau Kang‐Ling , Wen Yun‐Sheng , Tu Chin‐Hsin , Sun Chia‐Hsing , Chow Tahsin J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA stilbene‐based compound (1) has been prepared and was highly selective for the detection of cyanide anion in aqueous media even in the presence of other anions, such as F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, ClO4−, H2PO4−, HSO4−, NO3−, and CH3CO2−. A noticeable change in the color of the solution, along with a prominent fluorescence enhancement, was observed upon the addition of cyanide. The color change was observed upon the nucleophilic addition of the cyanide anion to the electron‐deficient cyanoacrylate group of 1. The spectral changes induced by the reaction were analyzed by comparison with two model compounds, such as compound 2 with dimethyl substituents and compound 3 without a cyanoacrylate group. An intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT) mechanism played a key role in the sensing properties, and the mechanism was supported by DFT/TDDFT calculations.
Probing the Selectivity of Azomethine Imine Cycloaddition to Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Bayazit Mustafa K. , Coleman Karl S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSelective covalent surface modification of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is of great importance to various carbon nanotube‐based applications as it might offer an alternative method for enriching metallic and semiconducting nanotubes. Herein, we report on the surface modification of SWNTs through 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of 3‐phenyl‐phthalazinium‐1‐olate, which is a stable and reactive azomethine imine. For this reaction, microwave heating was found to be more efficient than conventional and solvent‐free heating. The sensitivity of cycloaddition to the molecular structure of SWNTs was probed using resonance Raman spectroscopy with three different laser excitations. Based on the obtained results, azomethine imine addition to the surface of nanotubes is selective for metallic and large‐diameter semiconducting SWNTs. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry showed that fragments released at high temperatures corresponded to the phenylphthalazine group, thus confirming the covalent surface functionalization. Modified SWNTs were further characterized by X‐ray photoelectron and UV/Vis‐NIR spectroscopies.
Actuator Fault Reconstruction for Systems with Monotone Nonlinearities
Authors: Liu Hongyuan , Duan Zhisheng 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper considers observer‐based fault reconstruction for systems with monotone nonlinearities. The nonlinear term in the observer error dynamics satisfies a sector property. Using Lyapunov redesign techniques, a continuous nonlinear error feedback is designed according to the slope property of the nonlinear term to stabilize the error dynamics. Hence, the convergence of observer error is independent of the Lipschitz constant. If the observer error converges to zero asymptotically, then the continuous error feedback can be used to reconstruct the faults. As an extension, an adaptive scheme is developed for systems where the arguments of nonlinear functions are perturbed by unknown parameters. Finally, simulations of an electric driving system are presented to show the effectiveness of the schemes.
Expression and mutation analyses implicate ARHGAP29 as the etiologic gene for the cleft lip with or without cleft palate locus identified by genome‐wide association on chromosome 1p22
Authors: Leslie Elizabeth J. , Mansilla M. Adela , Biggs Leah C. , Schuette Kristi , Bullard Steve , Cooper Margaret , Dunnwald Martine , Lidral Andrew C. , Marazita Mary L. , Beaty Terri H. , Murray Jeffrey C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDNonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a common birth defect with complex etiology reflecting the action of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Genome‐wide association studies have successfully identified five novel loci associated with NSCL/P, including a locus on 1p22.1 near the ABCA4 gene. Because neither expression analysis nor mutation screening support a role for ABCA4 in NSCL/P, we investigated the adjacent gene ARHGAP29.METHODSMutation screening for ARHGAP29 protein coding exons was conducted in 180 individuals with NSCL/P and controls from the United States and the Philippines. Nine exons with variants in ARHGAP29 were then screened in an independent set of 872 cases and 802 controls. Arhgap29 expression was evaluated using in situ hybridization in murine embryos.RESULTSSequencing of ARHGAP29 revealed eight potentially deleterious variants in cases including a frameshift and a nonsense variant. Arhgap29 showed craniofacial expression and was reduced in a mouse deficient for Irf6, a gene previously shown to have a critical role in craniofacial development.CONCLUSIONThe combination of genome‐wide association, rare coding sequence variants, craniofacial specific expression, and interactions with IRF6 support a role for ARHGAP29 in NSCL/P and as the etiologic gene at the 1p22 genome‐wide association study locus for NSCL/P. This work suggests a novel pathway in which the IRF6 gene regulatory network interacts with the Rho pathway via ARHGAP29. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.