bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes recorded in cardiac graphoelements of bees (Apis mellifera) during contact with fipronil
Authors: da Paz Clarissa Araújo , Eiró-Quirino Luciana , de Araújo Daniella Bastos , Barbosa Gabriela Brito , Câmara Tays Mata , de Campos Ana Luiza Cordeiro , de Souza Luana Vasconcelos , Santos Rafaela Negrão Olívia , Hartcopff Priscille Fidelis Pacheco , Hamoy Maria Klara Otake , dos Santos Murilo Farias , da Cunha Ferreira Rayllan , da Silva Deiga Yris , Russo Antônio Pedro Lisboa , Pereira Daniel Santiago , Contrera Felipe Andrés León , Muto Nilton Akio , Hamoy Moisés 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA mortality of bees (Apis mellifera) caused by fipronil intoxication, due to its indiscriminate use in crops, has long been attracting the scientific community’s attention, either due to its acute or residual effects. In this study, we assessed the cardiac activity as a biomarker of fipronil intoxication through electrophysiological recordings of bees. Eighteen foragers, from the apiary of EMBRAPA—Eastern Amazon (Belém-Pará), bees were previously anesthetized at low temperature (− 10 °C) for 5 min and properly restrained and fixed on a stereotaxic base, where electrodes were implanted. All these procedures were carried out within a Faraday cage. Eighteen bees were used in the study. Worker bees engaged in foraging activities were selected. The bees were divided into a control group and a group treated with fipronil at 0.025 mg/bee (n = 9). The recordings lasted for 4 min and were evaluated at 1-s intervals represented by the following letters: A = (2–3 s), B = (59–60 s), C = (119–120 s), D = (179–180 s), and E = (239–240 s). The results showed that fipronil reduced the frequency and intensity of cardiac activity, exhibiting rapidly evolving effects, and promoting a disruption of homeostasis in bee hemodynamics. Through the obtained data, it was observed variation in spike amplitude, with a loss of cardiac strength and magnitude of the electrical impulse in the bee’s heart during exposure to fipronil.
Effectiveness of oral vancomycin as prophylaxis against Clostridioides difficile infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients
Authors: Reitmeyer Kelly M. , Rana Brijesh , Awad David , Huang Esther , Park Jiyeon J. , Yassin Arsheena , Mills John P. , Abdul Azim Ahmed , Bhatt Pinki J. , Narayanan Navaneeth 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) are at increased risk for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of oral vancomycin prophylaxis (OVP) for CDI in HSCT patients.

Design:
Single-center, retrospective cohort.

Setting:
Tertiary care academic medical center in New Jersey.

Patients:
Patients ≥18 years old during admission for the HSCT were included. Patients who were admitted <72 hours or who had an active CDI prior to HSCT day 0 were excluded.

Methods:
Medical records of patients admitted between January 2015 and August 2022 to undergo an allogeneic or autologous HSCT were reviewed. The primary end point was the incidence of in-hospital CDI. Secondary end points included the incidence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) bloodstream infections, VRE isolated from any clinical culture, gram-negative bloodstream infections, hospital survival, and hospital length of stay. Exploratory end points, including 1-year survival, relapse, and incidence of graft-versus-host disease, were also collected.

Results:
A total of 156 HSCT patients were included. There was 1 case of CDI (1 of 81, 1.23%) in the OVP group compared to 8 CDI cases (8 of 75, 10.67%) in the no OVP group (P = .0147). There were no significant (P > .05) between-group differences in incidence of gram-negative bloodstream infections, hospital survival, and length of stay. There were zero clinical cultures positive for VRE.

Conclusions:
In-hospital incidence of CDI in HSCT patients was significantly decreased with OVP. Randomized controlled trials are needed in this high-risk population to assess the efficacy and risks of OVP for CDI.
An Optimal Weighted Ensemble Machine Learning Approach to Accurate Estimate the Coastal Boundary Layer Height Using ERA5 Multi‐Variables
Authors: Peng Kecheng , Xin Jinyuan , Zhu Xiaoqian , Xu Qiang , Wang Xiaoyuan , Wang Weifeng , Tan Yulong , Zhao Dandan , Jia Danjie , Cao Xiaoqun , Ren Xinbing , Ma Yongjing , Wang Guangjie , Wang Zifa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe coastal boundary layer height (CBLH/Coastal‐BLH) is critical in determining the exchange of heat, momentum, and materials between the land and ocean, thereby regulating the local climate and weather change. However, due to the complexity of geographical characteristics and meteorological conditions, accurate estimation of the CBLH remains challenging. Herein, based on continuous high‐resolution measurements of CBL performed from November 2019 to April 2020 in coastal Ningbo city in eastern China, an optimal weighted ensemble model (OWEM) integrating multi‐meteorological variables of the ERA5 reanalysis data sets is constructed and validated to estimate the CBLH. The mean absolute percentage error of the derived CBLH by OWEM is as low as 3%–5%, significantly lower than that of 36%–65% of the ERA5 CBLH products. Furthermore, three categories of different weather scenarios, that is, sunny, cloudy, and rainy, are separately discussed, and OWEM shows greater performance and higher accuracies in comparison with the traditional Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, Random Forest, Adaboost, LightGBM, and ensemble model, among which, OWEM under fair weather days behave best, with a robust R2 of 0.97 and a minimum mean absolute error (MAE) of 23 m. Further training results based on wind flow classification, that is, land breeze, sea breeze, and parallel wind, also indicate the outperformance of OWEM than other models, with a relatively large error in parallel wind of 50 m. Subsequent analysis of the Shapley Additive Explanations method strongly correlated with model feature importance, both reveal that thermodynamic factors such as temperature (T2m) and wind velocity (10 m U) are the major factors positively related to estimation accuracy during sunny days. Nevertheless, Relative Humidity dominates on rainy and cloudy days, TP on land breeze days, and dynamic variables like 10 m U and 10 m V on entire types of wind flow weather. In conclusion, the accurate estimation of CBLH from OWEM serves as a feasible and innovative approach, providing technical support for marine meteorology and related engineering applications, for example, onshore wind power, coastal ecological protection, etc.
Low Latitude Ionospheric Irregularity Observations Across a Wide Frequency Spectrum From VHF to S‐Band in the Indian Longitudes
Authors: Paul A. , Das A. , Biswas T. , Das T. , Nandakumar P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study reports coordinated observation of ionospheric irregularities from VHF Radar, GPS and IRNSS (Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System), from regions near the northern crest of the EIA (Equatorial Ionization Anomaly), which has not been explored earlier. Efforts have been made to study the signal‐in‐space environment for concurrent detection of ionospheric irregularities over a range of radio frequency, starting from 53 MHz of the Radar, to L‐band of GPS at 1,575.42 MHz and S band signal of IRNSS at 2,492.5 MHz. The radar is operational at Ionosphere Field Station, Haringhata (geographic latitude 22.93°N; geographic longitude 88.51°E; magnetic dip angle 36.2°N) of University of Calcutta. The GPS and IRNSS data are recorded at Calcutta (22.58°N, 88.38°E geographic; magnetic dip: 36°N), separated from Haringhata by 50 km. The spatial as well as temporal variations of irregularities affecting different radio frequencies have been presented. Coordinated observations have been made during period of March–April 2023. Results of the study reveal the common zone of impact of the different radio frequency links spanning from 53 to 2,592.5 MHz and was identified within 16°–25°N, 85°–90°E. During coordinated observations made over several days, irregularity structures have been observed with radar, having backscatter SNR (Signal to Noise ratio) intensity within −5 to 15 dB. During this time, while intense L band scintillation was recorded on multiple satellites of GPS, scintillation recorded at S band signal was moderate to intense.
High‐Frequency Isotope Compositions Reveal Different Cloud‐Top and Vertical Stratiform Rainfall Structures in the Inland Tropics of Brazil
Authors: Santos V. , Durán‐Quesada A. M. , Sánchez‐Murillo R. , Gastmans D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the key drivers controlling rainfall stable isotope variations in inland tropical regions remains a global challenge. We present novel high‐frequency isotope data (5–30 min intervals) to disentangle the evolution of six stratiform rainfall events (N = 112) during the passage of convective systems in inland Brazil (September 2019–June 2020). These systems produced stratiform rainfall of variable cloud features. Depleted stratiform events (δ18Oinitial ≤ −4.2‰ and δ18Omean ≤ −6.1‰) were characterized by cooler cloud‐top temperatures (≤−38°C), larger areas (≥48 km2), higher liquid‐ice ratios (≥3.1), and higher melting layer heights (≥3.8 km), compared to enriched stratiform events (δ18Oinitial ≥ −3.8‰ and δ18Omean ≥ −5.1‰). Cloud vertical structure variability was reflected in a wide range of δ18O temporal patterns and abrupt shifts in d‐excess. Our findings provide a new perspective to the ongoing debate about isotopic variability and the partitioning of rainfall types across the tropics.
Assessing the Impacts of Falling Ice Radiative Effects on the Seasonal Variation of Land Surface Properties
Authors: Kisembe Jesse , Li Jui‐Lin F. , Wen Yixin , Lee Wei‐Liang , Qian Weikang , Li Zhi , Jiang Jonathan H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe impacts of falling ice radiative effects (FIREs) on land‐atmosphere feedback processes were examined, with a focus on the fidelity of land surface properties and their variability as inferred by global climate models (GCMs). We conducted a pair of sensitivity experiments using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Earth System Model Version 1 (CESM1) in fully coupled modes with FIREs turned on and off. This allowed us to investigate the seasonal response of land surface properties to changes in radiation fluxes and land surface temperature (LST) associated with FIREs across global land areas. Our findings indicate that during boreal winter, excluding FIREs results in less surface downward longwave and net flux (∼5–15 Wm−2), leading to a colder land surface (∼2–4 K) and air temperatures (∼1–4 K) at mid‐ and high latitudes. Consequently, the surface frozen soil layer and snow cover persist through spring, delaying snowmelt and thawing until summer. This delay reduces liquid soil moisture, thereby suppressing vegetation productivity in subsequent seasons. Conversely, tropical regions, exhibit contrasting responses, with a warmer land surface (∼0.5 K) and warmer air temperatures (∼0.1–0.5 K) due to increased surface downward shortwave and net flux (∼2–10 Wm−2). This enhancement in radiation fosters increased vegetation productivity throughout the seasonal cycle. These findings illustrate a local response of land surface properties to changes in the surface energy balance and LST, highlighting the significant role that FIREs play in land surface modeling within GCMs.
Role of N6-methyladenosine in tumor neovascularization
Authors: Zhao Lu , Li Qinshan , Zhou Tongliang , Liu Xuan , Guo Jing , Fang Qing , Cao Xiaoxue , Geng Qishun , Yu Yang , Zhang Songjie , Deng Tingting , Wang Xing , Jiao Yi , Zhang Mengxiao , Liu Honglin , Tan Haidong , Xiao Cheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTumor neovascularization is essential for the growth, invasion, and metastasis of tumors. Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in regulating these processes. This review explores the mechanisms by which m6A influences tumor neovascularization, focusing on its impact on angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry (VM). We discuss the roles of m6A writers, erasers, and readers in modulating the stability and translation of angiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and their involvement in key signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and Hippo. Additionally, we outline the role of m6A in vascular-immune crosstalk. Finally, we discuss the current development of m6A inhibitors and their potential applications, along with the contribution of m6A to anti-angiogenic therapy resistance. Highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting m6A regulators, this review provides novel insights into anti-angiogenic strategies and underscores the need for further research to fully exploit m6A modulation in cancer treatment. By understanding the intricate role of m6A in tumor neovascularization, we can develop more effective therapeutic approaches to inhibit tumor growth and overcome treatment resistance. Targeting m6A offers a novel approach to interfere with the tumor’s ability to manipulate its microenvironment, enhancing the efficacy of existing treatments and providing new avenues for combating cancer progression.
Differential detection of megakaryocytic and erythroid DNA in plasma in hematological disorders
Authors: Lam W. K. Jacky , Gai Wanxia , Bai Jinyue , Tam Tommy H. C. , Cheung Wai Fung , Ji Lu , Tse Irene O. L. , Tsang Amy F. C. , Li Maggie Z. J. , Jiang Peiyong , Law Man Fai , Wong Raymond S. M. , Chan K. C. Allen , Lo Y. M. Dennis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe tissues of origin of plasma DNA can be revealed by methylation patterns. However, the relative DNA contributions from megakaryocytes and erythroblasts into plasma appeared inconsistent among studies. To shed light into this phenomenon, we developed droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays for the differential detection of contributions from these cell types in plasma based on megakaryocyte-specific and erythroblast-specific methylation markers. Megakaryocytic DNA and erythroid DNA contributed a median of 44.2% and 6.2% in healthy individuals, respectively. Patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura had a significantly higher proportion of megakaryocytic DNA in plasma compared to healthy controls (median: 59.9% versus 44.2%; P = 0.03). Similarly, patients with β-thalassemia were shown to have higher proportions of plasma erythroid DNA compared to healthy controls (median: 50.9% versus 6.2%) (P < 0.0001). Hence, the concurrent analysis of megakaryocytic and erythroid lineage-specific markers could facilitate the dissection of their relative contributions and provide information on patients with hematological disorders.
Enhancing tomato plant immune responses to Fusarium wilt disease by red seaweed Jania sp.
Authors: Abdelaziz Amer M. , Elrefaey Ahmed A. , Sharaf Mohamed H. , Al-Qthanin Rahmah N. , Attia Mohamed S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe novelty of this study lies in demonstrating a new approach to control wilt diseases using Jania ethyl acetate extract. In the current investigation, the potential impacts of Jania sp. ethyl acetate extract (JE) on Tomato Fusarium oxysporum wilt (FOW) have been studied. The in vitro antifungal potential of JE against F. oxysporum (FO) was examined. GC–MS investigation of the JE revealed that, the compounds possessing fungicidal action were Phenol,2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-,acetate, Eugenol, Caryophyllene oxide, Isoespintanol, Cadinene, Caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-dien-5à-ol and Copaen. Jania sp. ethyl acetate extract exhibited strong antifungal potential against FO, achieving a 20 mmzone of inhibition. In the experiment, two different methods were applied: soil irrigation (SI) and foliar application (FS) of JE. The results showed that both treatments reduced disease index present DIP by 20.83% and 33.33% respectively. The findings indicated that during FOW, proline, phenolics, and the antioxidant enzymes activity increased, while growth and photosynthetic pigments decreased. The morphological features, photosynthetic pigments, total phenol content, and antioxidant enzyme activity of infected plants improved when JE was applied through soil or foliar methods. It is interesting to note that the application of JE had a substantially less negative effect on the isozymes peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in tomato plants, compared to FOW. These reactions differed depending on whether JE was applied foliarly or via the soil. Finally, the use of Jania sp. could be utilized commercially as an ecologically acceptable method to protect tomato plants against FOW.
Plasmodium falciparum population dynamics in East Africa and genomic surveillance along the Kenya-Uganda border
Authors: Osborne Ashley , Mańko Emilia , Waweru Harrison , Kaneko Akira , Kita Kiyoshi , Campino Susana , Gitaka Jesse , Clark Taane G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEast African countries accounted for ~ 10% of all malaria prevalence worldwide in 2022, with an estimated 23.8 million cases and > 53,000 deaths. Despite recent increases in malaria incidence, high-resolution genome-wide analyses of Plasmodium parasite populations are sparse in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. The Kenyan-Ugandan border region is a particular concern, with Uganda confirming the emergence and spread of artemisinin resistant P. falciparum parasites. To establish genomic surveillance along the Kenyan-Ugandan border and analyse P. falciparum population dynamics within East Africa, we generated whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data for 38 parasites from Bungoma, Western Kenya. These sequences were integrated into a genomic analysis of available East African isolate data (n = 599) and revealed parasite subpopulations with distinct genetic structure and diverse ancestral origins. Ancestral admixture analysis of these subpopulations alongside isolates from across Africa (n = 365) suggested potential independent ancestral populations from other major African populations. Within isolates from Western Kenya, the prevalence of biomarkers associated with chloroquine resistance (e.g. Pfcrt K76T) were significantly reduced compared to wider East African populations and a single isolate contained the PfK13 V568I variant, potentially linked to reduced susceptibility to artemisinin. Overall, our work provides baseline WGS data and analysis for future malaria genomic surveillance in the region.
Quantum paraelectric varactors for radiofrequency measurements at millikelvin temperatures
Authors: Apostolidis P. , Villis B. J. , Chittock-Wood J. F. , Powell J. M. , Baumgartner A. , Vesterinen V. , Simbierowicz S. , Hassel J. , Buitelaar M. R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRadiofrequency reflectometry can provide fast and sensitive electrical read-out of charge and spin qubits in quantum dot devices coupled to resonant circuits. In situ frequency tuning and impedance matching of the resonator circuit using voltage-tunable capacitors (varactors) is needed to optimize read-out sensitivity, but the performance of conventional semiconductor- and ferroelectric-based varactors degrades substantially in the millikelvin temperature range relevant for solid-state quantum devices. Here we show that strontium titanate and potassium tantalate, materials which can exhibit quantum paraelectric behaviour with large field-tunable permittivity at low temperatures, can be used to make varactors with perfect impedance matching and resonator frequency tuning at 6 mK. We characterize the varactors at 6 mK in terms of their capacitance tunability, dissipative losses and magnetic field insensitivity. We use the quantum paraelectric varactors to optimize the radiofrequency read-out of carbon nanotube quantum dot devices, achieving a charge sensitivity of 4.8 μe Hz−1/2 and a capacitance sensitivity of 0.04 aF Hz−1/2.
Co-targeting SOS1 enhances the antitumor effects of KRASG12C inhibitors by addressing intrinsic and acquired resistance
Authors: Thatikonda Venu , Lyu Hengyu , Jurado Sabine , Kostyrko Kaja , Bristow Christopher A. , Albrecht Christoph , Alpar Donat , Arnhof Heribert , Bergner Oliver , Bosch Karin , Feng Ningping , Gao Sisi , Gerlach Daniel , Gmachl Michael , Hinkel Melanie , Lieb Simone , Jeschko Astrid , Machado Annette A. , Madensky Thomas , Marszalek Ethan D. , Mahendra Mikhila , Melo-Zainzinger Gabriella , Molkentine Jessica M. , Jaeger Philipp A. , Peng David H. , Schenk Robyn L. , Sorokin Alexey , Strauss Sandra , Trapani Francesca , Kopetz Scott , Vellano Christopher P. , Petronczki Mark , Kraut Norbert , Heffernan Timothy P. , Marszalek Joseph R. , Pearson Mark , Waizenegger Irene C. , Hofmann Marco H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCombination approaches are needed to strengthen and extend the clinical response to KRASG12C inhibitors (KRASG12Ci). Here, we assessed the antitumor responses of KRASG12C mutant lung and colorectal cancer models to combination treatment with a SOS1 inhibitor (SOS1i), BI-3406, plus the KRASG12C inhibitor, adagrasib. We found that responses to BI-3406 plus adagrasib were stronger than to adagrasib alone, comparable to adagrasib with SHP2 (SHP2i) or EGFR inhibitors and correlated with stronger suppression of RAS-MAPK signaling. BI-3406 plus adagrasib treatment also delayed the emergence of acquired resistance and elicited antitumor responses from adagrasib-resistant models. Resistance to KRASG12Ci seemed to be driven by upregulation of MRAS activity, which both SOS1i and SHP2i were found to potently inhibit. Knockdown of SHOC2, a MRAS complex partner, partially restored response to KRASG12Ci treatment. These results suggest KRASG12C plus SOS1i to be a promising strategy for treating both KRASG12Ci naive and relapsed KRASG12C-mutant tumors.
Global urban structural growth shows a profound shift from spreading out to building up
Authors: Frolking Steve , Mahtta Richa , Milliman Tom , Esch Thomas , Seto Karen C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe present a new study examining the dynamics of global urban building growth rates over the past three decades. By combining datasets for 1,550+ cities from several space-borne sensors—data from three scatterometers and settlement-built fraction based on Landsat-derived data—we find profound shifts in how cities expanded from the 1990s to the 2010s. Cities had both increasing building fractional cover and increasing microwave backscatter (correlating with building volume), but over the three decades, growth rates in building fraction decreased in most regions and large cities, while growth rates in backscatter increased in essentially all regions and cities. The divergence in rates of increase of these metrics indicates a shift from lateral urban expansion to more vertical urban development. This transition has happened in different decades and to different extents across the world’s cities. Growth rate increases were largest in Asian cities. This shift toward vertical development has profound consequences for material and energy use, local climate and urban living.
Hexagonal Mg2B2 and Ca2B2 monolayers as promising anode materials for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries
Authors: Sun Yuqi , Li Kaiqi , Wang Bing , Zhang Weiming , Wang Erpeng , Zhou Jian , Sun Zhimei 
Published: August 2024

Expanding the MBene family to non-transition metal borides, we report two hexagonal MBenes, Mg2B2 and Ca2B2 monolayers, which exhibit excellent overall anode performances as anode materials for Li/Na ions.