bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Fluid EOQ Model of Perishable Items with Intermittent High and Low Demand Rates
Authors: Boxma Onno , Perry David , Zacks Shelley 
Published: August 2014

We consider a stochastic fluid EOQ-type model with demand rates operating in a two-state random environment. This environment alternates between exponentially distributed periods of high demand and generally distributed periods of low demand. The inventory level starts at some level q, and decreases linearly at rate βH during the periods of high demand, and at rate βL < βH at periods of low demand. Refilling of the inventory level to level q is required when the first of two events takes place: Either the buffer level reaches zero, or the buffer content becomes outdated. If such an event occurs during a high demand period, an order is instantaneously placed; otherwise, ordering is postponed until the beginning of the next high demand period. We determine the steady-state distribution of the inventory level, as well as other quantities of interest such as the distribution of the time until a refill is required. Finally, for a given cost/revenue structure, we determine the long-run average profit, and we consider the problem of choosing q such that the profit is optimized.
Von de Gaulle zu Pompidou: Kontinuität und Wandel französischer Außenpolitik im Lichte der Aktenedition „Documents diplomatiques français“
Authors: Lappenküper Ulrich 
Published: August 2014

Zusammenfassung
Von de Gaulle zu Pompidou: Kontinuität und Wandel französischer Außenpolitik im Lichte der Aktenedition „Documents diplomatiques français“
Association of maternal blood pressure in pregnancy with blood pressure of their offspring through adolescence
Authors: Royal-Thomas Tamika , McGee Daniel , Sinha Debajyoti , Osmond Clive , Forrester Terrence 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This article looks at the association of maternal blood pressure with the blood pressure of the offspring from birth to childhood. The Barker hypothesis states that maternal and “in utero” attributes during pregnancy affect a child’s cardiovascular health throughout life. We present an analysis of a unique dataset that consists of three distinct developmental processes: maternal cardiovascular health during pregnancy; fetal development; and child’s cardiovascular health from birth to 14 years. This study explored whether a mother’s blood pressure reading in pregnancy predicts fetal development and determines if this in turn is related to the future cardiovascular health of the child. This article uses data that have been collected prospectively from a Jamaican cohort which involves the following three developmental processes: (1) maternal cardiovascular health during pregnancy which is the blood pressure and anthropometric measurements at seven time-points on the mother during pregnancy; (2) fetal development which consists of ultrasound measurements of the fetus taken at six time-points during pregnancy; and (3) child’s cardiovascular health which consists of the child’s blood pressure measurements at 24 time-points from birth to 14 years. The inter-relationship of these three processes was examined using linear mixed effects models. Our analyses indicated that attributes later in childhood development, such as child’s weight, child’s baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP), age and sex, predict the future cardiovascular health of children. The results also indicated that maternal attributes in pregnancy, such as mother’s baseline SBP and SBP change, predicted significantly child’s SBP over time.
Association of group B streptococcus colonization with early term births
Authors: Hill Alexandria J. , Sanders Alicia , Baillargeon Gwen , Menon Ramkumar 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe objective of this study was to reproduce and validate the association of group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization resulting in early-term birth (37GBS status of women 18–40 years of age with uncomplicated pregnancies who experienced spontaneous labor and vaginal delivery between 37Our cohort was 86% Hispanic, with a GBS+ rate of 10%. No difference for mean gestational age at delivery for GBS+ (275.9 days±6.8) vs. GBS– (275.6 days±6.9) was seen (P-value=0.61). Birth weight for GBS+ and GBS– groups were similar (3388.5 g±388.6 vs. 3395.1 g±401.7, P-value=0.86).In specific evaluation of Hispanic women experiencing spontaneous, term, vaginal delivery, GBS colonization does not result in early-term delivery. This is not consistent with prior data in the African-American and Caucasian population suggesting racial disparity in outcomes related to GBS colonization.
Structural aspects of molecular recognition in the immune system. Part II: Pattern recognition receptors (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Robinson John A. , Moehle Kerstin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The vertebrate immune system uses pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect a large variety of molecular signatures (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs) from a broad range of different invading pathogens. The PAMPs range in size from relatively small molecules, to others of intermediate size such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide, lipopeptides, and oligosaccharides, to macromolecules such as viral DNA, RNA, and pathogen-derived proteins such as flagellin. Underlying this functional diversity of PRRs is a surprisingly small number of structurally distinct protein folds that include leucine-rich repeats in Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs), the DExH box helicase domain in RIG-like receptors (RLRs), and C-type lectin domains (CTLDs) in the C-type lectins. Following PAMP recognition by the PRRs, downstream signaling pathways activate the innate immune system to respond to invading pathogenic organisms. The resulting stimulatory response is also vital for a balanced adaptive immune response to the pathogen, mediated by circulating antibodies and/or cytotoxic T cells. However, an aberrant stimulation of the innate immune system can also lead to excessive inflammatory and toxic stress responses. Exciting opportunities are now arising for the design of small synthetic molecules that bind to PRRs and influence downstream signaling pathways. Such molecules can be useful tools to modulate immune responses, for example, as adjuvants to stimulate adaptive immune responses to a vaccine, or as therapeutic agents to dampen aberrant immune responses, such as inflammation. The design of agonists or antagonists of PRRs can now benefit from a surge in knowledge of the 3D structures of PRRs, many in complexes with their natural ligands. This review article describes recent progress in structural studies of PRRs (TLRs, NLRs, CTLs, and RLRs), which is required for an understanding of how they specifically recognize structurally diverse “foreign” PAMPs amongst a background of other “self” molecules, sometimes closely related in structure, that are present in the human body.
Development of Self-compacting Concrete with Good Shape Stability for Slipform Construction
Authors: Breitenbücher R. , Sarmiento D. , Holzmann F. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The aim of this research project was to modify a conventional self-compacting concrete (SCC) for use in a slip-form paver. For this purpose, two alternatives were investigated: (1) thixotroping agents (concept A) that were added to the original concrete mix and (2) viscosity-increasing additives (concept B) that were intermixed shortly before the concrete was finally placed to reduce the concrete’s flowability. The investigations were performed preliminarily on pastes and mortars and only subsequently on concretes. For the modification of pastes and mortars, thixotroping additives mainly based on modified starches and modified polymers were used. For modification of the viscosity, superabsorbent polymers and naphthalene sulfonates in combination with polycarboxylate ether (PCE) were considered. The conducted investigations indicated that it is quite difficult to create slip-form SCC using thixotroping additives because the thixotropic effect is reversible and results in a low “green strength” when the concrete is mixed for a second time (e.g., during the delivery and placement process). When superabsorbent polymers and naphthalene sulfonate were added during the concrete placement, the stiffening effect was irreversible.
“In the Church and in the Chapel”
Authors: Zanovello Giovanni 
Published: August 2014

Detailed payment records and notes preserved in the Archivio di Stato di Firenze allow us to reconstruct the relationship of music and space in the Florentine church of Santissima Annunziata. In the late fifteenth century different musical styles and repertories came to define ritually the composite space of the church, one of the main houses belonging to the mendicant order of the Servants of Mary.
This special role of music came into focus in the early 1470s and even more in the 1480s, when subsequent priors increased the musical activities, possibly to negotiate the new spatial features of the church after a consequential remodeling. Music thus helped organize key areas that had undergone architectural transformations, linking each part of the building to the specific rituals performed there through special sounds directed at the likely participants.
The remodeling also involved a shift in the balance of power, with private patrons coming to control the virtual totality of the church. Music helped address this problem as well, by acoustically marking and reclaiming certain spaces as the friars' dedicated ritual sites, but also creating in its variety a nuanced representation of the community—both ordained and lay—that frequented the building.
Clinical characteristics of pain in patients with pituitary adenomas
Authors: Dimopoulou C , Athanasoulia A P , Hanisch E , Held S , Sprenger T , Toelle T R , Roemmler-Zehrer J , Schopohl J , Stalla G K , Sievers C 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveClinical presentation of pituitary adenomas frequently involves pain, particularly headache, due to structural and functional properties of the tumour. Our aim was to investigate the clinical characteristics of pain in a large cohort of patients with pituitary disease.DesignIn a cross-sectional study, we assessed 278 patients with pituitary disease (n=81 acromegaly; n=45 Cushing's disease; n=92 prolactinoma; n=60 non-functioning pituitary adenoma).MethodsPain was studied using validated questionnaires to screen for nociceptive vs neuropathic pain components (painDETECT), determine pain severity, quality, duration and location (German pain questionnaire) and to assess the impact of pain on disability (migraine disability assessment, MIDAS) and quality of life (QoL).ResultsWe recorded a high prevalence of bodily pain (n=180, 65%) and headache (n=178, 64%); adrenocorticotropic adenomas were most frequently associated with pain (n=34, 76%). Headache was equally frequent in patients with macro- and microadenomas (68 vs 60%; P=0.266). According to painDETECT, the majority of the patients had a nociceptive pain component (n=193, 80%). Despite high prevalence of headache, 72% reported little or no headache-related disability (MIDAS). Modifiable factors including tumour size, genetic predisposition, previous surgery, irradiation or medical therapy did not have significant impact neither on neuropathic pain components (painDETECT) nor on headache-related disability (MIDAS). Neuropathic pain and pain-related disability correlated significantly with depression and impaired QoL.ConclusionsPain appears to be a frequent problem in pituitary disease. The data suggest that pain should be integrated in the diagnostic and therapeutic work-up of patients with pituitary disease in order to treat them appropriately and improve their QoL.
Alcohol and the risk for latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: results based on Swedish ESTRID study
Authors: Rasouli Bahareh , Andersson Tomas , Carlsson Per-Ola , Dorkhan Mozhgan , Grill Valdemar , Groop Leif , Martinell Mats , Tuomi Tiinamaja , Carlsson Sofia 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveModerate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to investigate whether alcohol consumption is associated with the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), an autoimmune form of diabetes with features of type 2 diabetes.DesignA population-based case–control study was carried out to investigate the association of alcohol consumption and the risk of LADA.MethodsWe used data from the ESTRID case–control study carried out between 2010 and 2013, including 250 incident cases of LADA (glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADAs) positive) and 764 cases of type 2 diabetes (GADA negative), and 1012 randomly selected controls aged ≥35. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of diabetes in relation to alcohol intake, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, family history of diabetes, smoking, and education.ResultsAlcohol consumption was inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.99 for every 5-g increment in daily intake). Similar results were observed for LADA, but stratification by median GADA levels revealed that the results only pertained to LADA with low GADA levels (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76–0.94/5 g alcohol per day), whereas no association was observed with LADA having high GADA levels (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.94–1.06/5 g per day). Every 5-g increment of daily alcohol intake was associated with a 10% increase in GADA levels (P=0.0312), and a 10% reduction in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P=0.0418).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that alcohol intake may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and type 2-like LADA, but has no beneficial effects on diabetes-related autoimmunity.
GH signaling in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in healthy human subjects: impact of gender and age
Authors: Vestergaard Poul F , Vendelbo Mikkel H , Pedersen Steen B , Juul Anders , Ringgard Steffen , Møller Niels , Jessen Niels , Jørgensen Jens O L 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveThe mechanisms underlying the impact of age and gender on the GH–IGF1 axis remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that age and gender have impacts on GH signaling in human subjects in vivo.DesignA total of 20 healthy non-obese adults (‘young group’ <30 years (5F/5M) and ‘old group’ >60 years (5F/5M)) were studied after: i) an i.v. GH bolus (0.5 mg) and ii) saline.MethodsMuscle and fat biopsies were obtained after 30 and 120 min. Total and phosphorylated STAT5B proteins, gene expression of IGF1, SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3 and CISH, body composition, VO2max, and muscle strength were measured.ResultsIn the GH-unstimulated state, women displayed significantly elevated levels of CISH mRNA in muscle (P=0.002) and fat (P=0.05) and reduced levels of IGF1 mRNA in fat. Phosphorylated STAT5B (pSTAT5b) was maximally increased in all subjects 30 min after GH exposure and more pronounced in women when compared with men (P=0.01). IGF1, SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and CISH mRNA expression increased significantly in muscle after 120 min in all subjects with no impact of age and gender. GH-induced pSTAT5b correlated inversely with lean body mass (LBM; r=−0.56, P=0.01) and positively with the CISH mRNA response (r=0.533, P=0.05).Conclusioni) GH signaling in muscle and fat after a single GH bolus in healthy human subjects is age independent, ii) we hypothesize that constitutive overexpression of CISH may contribute to the relative GH resistance in women, and iii) experimental studies on the impact of sex steroid administration and physical training on GH signaling in human subjects in vivo are required.
Aptitud Física y su Relación con Rasgos Depresivos en Personas Adultas Mayores que Realizan Actividad Física
Authors: Rodriguez-Hernandez Mynor , Araya Ramirez Felipe , Ureña Bonilla Pedro , Wadsworth Danielle D , Solano Mora Luis 
Published: August 2014

El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar la relación entre la aptitud física y los niveles depresivos en las personas adultas mayores que participan en programas de actividad física en el área de San Ramón, Alajuela. Un total de 138 personas mayores con edades entre los 60 y 86 años (67.94 ± 5.26 años), fueron medidas en los componentes de la aptitud física mediante la prueba “Senior Fitness Test” (SFT) y los niveles de depresión mediante la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica de “Yesavage” (GDS, “Geriatric Depression Scale” por sus siglas en Inglés). Los resultados sugieren que el 97,8 % de las personas analizadas se ubicó dentro de los parámetros normales y excelentes de aptitud física, mientras tanto, el 86,2 % se encontró en la etapa normal de la depresión. Por su parte, la depresión geriátrica correlacionó negativamente con la aptitud física en las variables: fuerza muscular y resistencia corporal de la parte baja del cuerpo, resistencia de la fuerza muscular del brazo, la agilidad y equilibrio dinámico, y flexibilidad parte baja del cuerpo (p <0,05). Se concluye que a mayor nivel de aptitud física menor son los rasgos depresivos en personas adultas mayores.
Educación ambiental en el nivel medio superior, desde la perspectiva de género, Tlaxcala, México
Authors: Espejel-Rodríguez Adelina , Flores-Hernández Aurelia , Castillo-Ramos Isabel 
Published: August 2014

Recibido 14 de enero de 2014 • Corregido 22 de mayo de 2014 • Aceptado 22 de agosto de 2014El trabajo tiene como objetivo describir las maneras en que el estudiantado –según su condición de género– innova acciones en favor del ambiente, para rescatar el papel de cambio para la promoción de la educación ambiental, asimismo las actividades que le motivan y le gusta realizar para conservar su escuela. La investigación se desarrolla en el marco de la metodología cualitativa, con una muestra de 80 estudiantes del bachillerato de ambos sexos, la información se obtiene a través de la observación directa, cuestionarios y las propias palabras del estudiantado. Esta se sistematiza y procesa para facilitar su análisis e interpretación, mediante el método de análisis descriptivo. Se encontró que hay diferencias y preferencias entre género para innovar y mitigar problemas, asimismo los motivos y el entusiasmo para llevar a cabo acciones ambientales. Una conclusión es que a las mujeres les gusta cuidar y conservar más su ambiente, en comparación con los hombres, ya que ellas muestran mayor interés en preservarlo.
What Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Has Got to Do with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome and viceversa?
Authors: Tarantino Giovanni , Citro Vincenzo , Finelli Carmine 
Published: August 2014

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) are common conditions, frequently encountered in patients with obesity and/or metabolic syndrome. NAFLD and OSAS are complex diseases that involve an interaction of several intertwined factors. Several lines of evidence lend credence to an immune system derangement in these patients, i.e. the low grade chronic inflammation status, reckoned to be the most important factor in causing and maintaining these two illnesses. Furthermore, it is emphasized the main role of spleen involvement, as a novel mechanism. In this review the contribution of the visceral adiposity in both NAFLD and OSAS is stressed as well as the role of intermittent hypoxia. Finally, a post on the prevention of systemic inflammation is made.Abbreviations: ALT: alanine aminotransferase; BMI: body mass index; CCR2: chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2; CRP: C-reactive protein; CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; FFA: free fatty acid; IGF-I: insulin-like growth factor; IR: insulin resistance; IL-6: interleukin-6; IH: intermittent hypoxia; IKK-β: IκB kinase β; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; NEFA: non-esterified fatty acid; NF-κB: nuclear factor-κB; OSAS: obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome; PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; T2D: type 2 diabetes.
Optimization of Well Trajectory Under Uncertainty for Proactive Geosteering
Authors: Chen Yan , Lorentzen Rolf J. , Vefring Erlend H. 
Published: August 2014

Summary
Various logging-while-drilling (LWD) and seismic-while-drilling (SWD) tools offer opportunities to obtain geological information near the bottomhole assembly during the drilling process. These real-time in-situ data provide relatively high-resolution information around and possibly ahead of the drilling path compared with the data from a surface seismic survey. The use of these in-situ data offers substantial potential for improved recovery through continuous optimization of the remaining well path while drilling.
We show an automated workflow for proactive geosteering through continuous updating of the estimates of the Earth model and robust optimization of the remaining well path under uncertainty. A synthetic example is shown to illustrate the proposed workflow. The estimates of the depths of the reservoir surfaces and the depth of the oil/water contact and their associated uncertainty are obtained through the ensemble Kalman filter by use of directional-resistivity measurements. A robust optimization is used to compute the well position that minimizes the average cost function evaluated on the ensemble of geological models estimated from the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). The effect of modeling errors and the effect of joint estimation of the depths of the boundaries and gridblock resistivity are also investigated.
Adaptive Maternal Immune Deviations as a Ground For Autism Spectrum Disorders Development in Children
Authors: Poletaev Alexander B. , Poletaeva Alina A. , Pukhalenko Alexander I. , Zamaleeva Roza S. , Cherepanova Natalia A. , Frizin Dmitry V. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Autism is a vexed problem today. Overall, there is a high frequency of birth children (1:80 – 1:150) with late diagnosed autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and this trend is getting progressively stronger. The causes for the currently increased frequency of ASD and the pathogenesis of ASD are not fully understood yet. One of the most likely mechanisms inducing ASD may be a maternal immune imprinting. This phenomenon is based on transplacental translocation of maternal antibodies of IgG class and, as a consequence, on the epigenetic “tuning” of immune system of the fetus and child. This mechanism provides development of child’s anti-infection resistance before meeting with microorganisms, but it can be also a cause of inborn pathology including the ASD appearance. The quantitative changes in maternal blood serum autoantibodies depend on a specific microbial population, or are induced by environmental chemical pollutants in association with some individual features of the maternal metabolism. These immune changes are adaptive in most cases for the maternal organism, but can be pathogenic for the fetus in some cases. We discuss in the present paper the possibilities to predict the risk from abnormal development of nervous system in fetus and early diagnosis of ASD in high-risk group of children.