bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimensions of manic symptoms in youth: psychosocial impairment and cognitive performance in the IMAGEN sample
Authors: Stringaris Argyris , Castellanos‐Ryan Natalie , Banaschewski Tobias , Barker Gareth J. , Bokde Arun L. , Bromberg Uli , Büchel Christian , Fauth‐Bühler Mira , Flor Herta , Frouin Vincent , Gallinat Juergen , Garavan Hugh , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Itterman Bernd , Lawrence Claire , Nees Frauke , Paillere‐Martinot Marie‐Laure , Paus Tomas , Pausova Zdenka , Rietschel Marcella , Smolka Michael N. , Schumann Gunter , Goodman Robert , Conrod Patricia ,   the Imagen Consortium
Published: May 2014

BackgroundIt has been reported that mania may be associated with superior cognitive performance. In this study, we test the hypothesis that manic symptoms in youth separate along two correlated dimensions and that a symptom constellation of high energy and cheerfulness is associated with superior cognitive performance.MethodWe studied 1755 participants of the IMAGEN study, of average age 14.4 years (SD = 0.43), 50.7% girls. Manic symptoms were assessed using the Development and Wellbeing Assessment by interviewing parents and young people. Cognition was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children (WISC‐IV) and a response inhibition task.ResultsManic symptoms in youth formed two correlated dimensions: one termed exuberance, characterized by high energy and cheerfulness and one of undercontrol with distractibility, irritability and risk‐taking behavior. Only the undercontrol, but not the exuberant dimension, was independently associated with measures of psychosocial impairment. In multivariate regression models, the exuberant, but not the undercontrolled, dimension was positively and significantly associated with verbal IQ by both parent‐ and self‐report; conversely, the undercontrolled, but not the exuberant, dimension was associated with poor performance in a response inhibition task.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that manic symptoms in youth may form dimensions with distinct correlates. The results are in keeping with previous findings about superior performance associated with mania. Further research is required to study etiological differences between these symptom dimensions and their implications for clinical practice.
Morphological and Molecular Characterisation of Notosolenus urceolatus Larsen and Patterson 1990, a Member of an Understudied Deep‐branching Euglenid Group (Petalomonads)
Authors: Lee Won Je , Simpson Alastair G. B. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTPetalomonads are particularly important for understanding the early evolution of euglenids, but are arguably the least studied major group within this taxon. We have established a culture of the biflagellate petalomonad Notosolenus urceolatus, and conducted electron microscopy observations and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Notosolenus urceolatus has eight pellicular strips bordered by grooves and underlain by close‐set microtubules. There are ventral and dorsal Golgi bodies. Mitochondria apparently contain fibrous inclusions, as in Petalomonas cantuscygni. A previously undocumented type of large, globular extrusome is present instead of the tubular extrusomes characteristic of Euglenozoa. The feeding apparatus lacks rods and vanes, and is partly supported by an “MTR”. The flagella have complex transition zones that are extremely elongated but unswollen. Only the emergent portion of the anterior flagellum has an organised paraxonemal rod, and also has very fine mastigonemes. The basal bodies are offset and lack connecting fibres. 18S rRNA gene phylogenies show that N. urceolatus is closely related to Petalomonas sphagnophila and P. cantuscygni, not Notosolenus ostium, confirming that current generic assignments based on the number of emergent flagella are phylogenetically unreliable, and making it difficult to infer whether features shared by N. urceolatus and P. cantuscygni (for example) are general for petalomonads.
The Joint Cross Section of Stocks and Options
Authors: AN BYEONG‐JE , ANG ANDREW , BALI TURAN G. , CAKICI NUSRET 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTStocks with large increases in call (put) implied volatilities over the previous month tend to have high (low) future returns. Sorting stocks ranked into decile portfolios by past call implied volatilities produces spreads in average returns of approximately 1% per month, and the return differences persist up to six months. The cross section of stock returns also predicts option implied volatilities, with stocks with high past returns tending to have call and put option contracts that exhibit increases in implied volatility over the next month, but with decreasing realized volatility. These predictability patterns are consistent with rational models of informed trading.
The Effect of Autopolymerizing Acrylic Resin Thickness on the Bond Strength of a Repaired Denture Tooth
Authors: Clark Wendy Auclair , Hsu Yung‐Tsung 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPurposeThis study analyzed the conventional method of rebonding a denture tooth, evaluating the effect of varied thickness of autopolymerizing acrylic resin on the bond strength and the failure mode.Materials and MethodsA total of 52 heat‐polymerizing acrylic resin specimens were fabricated with an anterior denture tooth. A cantilever‐type bending force was applied with a universal testing machine to each specimen until failure. The failure mode was determined, and cohesive failures were excluded from part II. Thirty specimens were randomly selected and divided into three groups (n = 10). For each group, resin was relieved from the bonding area to create a 0, 1, or 3 mm space. The tooth was repositioned using its matrix and reattached to its base, filling the relieved space with autopolymerizing acrylic resin. The repaired specimens were tested using the same parameters. Data were analyzed with paired t‐tests, one‐way ANOVA, and post hoc test. Statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05.ResultsThe mean peak load to failure for the part I group was 88.91 N. While the peak load to failure decreased to 71.96 N (19.69% loss of original bond strength), statistical analysis revealed no difference between the bond strength of the specimens repaired with a 0 mm thickness of autopolymerizing acrylic resin and the original (part I) group (p > 0.05). The bond strength was lower for the group repaired with a 1 mm thickness compared to the original (part I) group (p < 0.05), with 65.8 N load to failure (29.63% loss). The bond strength was even lower for the group repaired with a 3 mm thickness (p < 0.05), with 58.64 N load to failure (33.07% loss). Post hoc analysis revealed a significant difference between the 0 and 3 mm groups (p = 0.04). The most common failure mode in the original group was adhesive (56%), then combination (34%), then cohesive (9.8%). The repaired group (n = 30) had similar results, with 56.7% adhesive, 36.7% combination, and 6.7% cohesive failures.ConclusionsThe bond strength of a replaced denture tooth is affected by the thickness of the autopolymerizing acrylic resin. The failure mode of a rebonded denture tooth follows the same trend of the original failure. If possible, replace teeth with no relief. If combination failure occurs, leave residual base acrylic resin on the ridge lap.
Facial composites and the misinformation effect: How composites distort memory
Authors: Topp‐Manriquez Lisa D. , McQuiston Dawn , Malpass Roy S. 
Published: May 2014

PurposeThis study examined how constructing and viewing facial composites affects memory accuracy.MethodParticipants (n = 240) viewed a target face for 60 s; half were then randomly assigned to construct a facial composite while the other half completed a distracter task. Participants were then randomly assigned to view a composite either once, twice or not at all during a 1‐week delay between the first and second session. Those who constructed a composite viewed their own composite during the 1‐week delay, while those who did not construct a composite were yoked with someone who did, thereby viewing their counterpart's composite. In session 2, all participants completed a six‐person forced‐choice identification task. The participant was asked to identify the target from a six‐person photo array. The photo array was composed of the target, the composite, and four morphed images that combined certain percentages of both the target and composite.ResultsResults showed that identification accuracy was lower for those who created a composite versus those who did not. These individuals were likely to identify an image consisting of a blend between the target and composite more often than those not creating a composite. In addition, those who only viewed a composite experienced memory contamination similar to those who created a composite.ConclusionOur findings illustrate that creating a composite or simply viewing someone else's composite hinders identification accuracy and one's memory for the target face. This research provides important implications regarding the methods used in collecting eyewitness descriptions during the investigative process.
Emergent patterns of population genetic structure for a coral reef community
Authors: Selkoe Kimberly A. , Gaggiotti Oscar E. ,   ToBo Laboratory, Bowen Brian W. , Toonen Robert J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWhat shapes variation in genetic structure within a community of codistributed species is a central but difficult question for the field of population genetics. With a focus on the isolated coral reef ecosystem of the Hawaiian Archipelago, we assessed how life history traits influence population genetic structure for 35 reef animals. Despite the archipelago's stepping stone configuration, isolation by distance was the least common type of genetic structure, detected in four species. Regional structuring (i.e. division of sites into genetically and spatially distinct regions) was most common, detected in 20 species and nearly in all endemics and habitat specialists. Seven species displayed chaotic (spatially unordered) structuring, and all were nonendemic generalist species. Chaotic structure also associated with relatively high global FST. Pelagic larval duration (PLD) was not a strong predictor of variation in population structure (R2 = 0.22), but accounting for higher FST values of chaotic and invertebrate species, compared to regionally structured and fish species, doubled the power of PLD to explain variation in global FST (adjusted R2 = 0.50). Multivariate correlation of eight species traits to six genetic traits highlighted dispersal ability, taxonomy (i.e. fish vs. invertebrate) and habitat specialization as strongest influences on genetics, but otherwise left much variation in genetic traits unexplained. Considering that the study design controlled for many sampling and geographical factors, the extreme interspecific variation in spatial genetic patterns observed for Hawaìi marine species may be generated by demographic variability due to species‐specific abundance and migration patterns and/or seascape and historical factors.
Tracing the colonization and diversification of the worldwide seabird ectoparasite Ixodes uriae
Authors: Dietrich Muriel , Kempf Florent , Boulinier Thierry , McCoy Karen D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHistorical patterns of dispersal and population isolation are key components shaping contemporary genetic diversity across landscapes and require explicit consideration when examining the relative role of different factors in driving the evolution of host specificity in parasitic organisms. In this study, we investigate the worldwide colonization history of a common ectoparasite of seabirds, the tick Ixodes uriae. This tick has a circumpolar distribution across both hemispheres but has repeatedly formed host‐specific races within different regions. By combining mitochondrial and nuclear data, we infer how this species spread to its present‐day distribution and how the colonization process may have affected the geographic and host‐associated structure of this tick within regions. We demonstrate that I. uriae is highly structured at a global scale and isolates into four genetic groups that correspond to well‐defined geographical regions. Molecular dating suggests that the diversification of I. uriae began in the early Miocene (22 Myr) and that this tick colonized most of the southern hemisphere before moving into northern latitudes via two independent routes. However, no relationship between the degree of host race divergence and colonization history was evident, supporting previous hypotheses that host specialization evolves relatively rapidly in this parasite, but does not typically lead to speciation. We discuss the possible historical and contemporary mechanisms of large‐scale dispersal for this ectoparasite and how its biological characteristics may condition current patterns of genetic diversity. More generally, our results illustrate how combining broad‐scale sampling and modern molecular tools can help disentangle complex patterns of diversification in widespread parasites.
Raising the Mandatory Retirement Age and its Effect on Long‐run Income and Pay‐as‐you‐go (PAYG) Pensions
Authors: Fanti Luciano 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this paper we study the effects of raising the mandatory retirement age in the neoclassical growth model context. It is shown that postponement of the retirement age may be harmful for long‐run income and even for pensions. Our findings show that the retirement age might be reduced, thereby obtaining a higher income and even higher pension benefits. This suggests that the idea that a higher mandatory age of retirement is always beneficial in the long run for income and pension payments is theoretically controversial.
Fatty acid binding protein 4 expression in cerebral vascular malformations: implications for vascular remodelling
Authors: Cataltepe Sule , Arikan Meltem Cevik , Liang Xiaoliang , Smith Thomas W. , Cataltepe Oguz 
Published: May 2014

AimArteriovenous malformations (AVM) and cavernous malformations (CM) are the most commonly encountered cerebral vascular malformations, which are dynamic lesions with de novo growth potentials. Postnatal angiogenesis and vasculogenesis have been postulated to play a role in the pathogenesis of these malformations. Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is an intracellular lipid chaperone, which is expressed in a subset of endothelial cells. FABP4 enhances the angiogenic responses of endothelial cells and is not expressed in normal cerebral vasculature. Herein, we investigated the hypothesis that FABP4 expression may be up‐regulated in AVM and CM.MethodsThe abundance of FABP4 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry on 35 paraffin‐embedded AVM and CM sections. FABP4‐expressing cells were further characterized by double immunofluorescence using antibodies against various cell‐specific markers.ResultsHeterogenous FABP4 expression was detected in 100% AVM and 78% of CM samples. Endothelial cell FABP4 expression was present in 65% and 43% of AVM and CM, respectively. Interestingly, a population of FABP4‐positive perivascular cells was detected in 100% of AVM and 86% of CM sections examined. These cells were negative for markers of macrophages and smooth muscle cells, but expressed vimentin, a marker of mesenchymal cells, including fibroblasts.ConclusionFABP4 expression is detected in AVM and CM in a subset of endothelial cells and some perivascular fibroblast‐like vimentin‐positive cells.
Through the doors of perception to function in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses
Authors: Bucher Marcel , Hause Bettina , Krajinski Franziska , Küster Helge 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe formation of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is initiated by the bidirectional exchange of diffusible molecules. While strigolactone hormones, secreted from plant roots, stimulate hyphal branching and fungal metabolism, fungal short‐chain chitin oligomers as well as sulfated and nonsulfated lipochitooligosaccharides (s/nsMyc‐LCOs) elicit pre‐symbiosis responses in the host. Fungal LCO signals are structurally related to rhizobial Nod‐factor LCOs. Genome‐wide expression studies demonstrated that defined sets of genes were induced by Nod‐, sMyc‐ and nsMyc‐LCOs, indicating LCO‐specific perception in the pre‐symbiosis phase. During hyphopodium formation and the subsequent root colonization, cross‐talk between plant roots and AM fungi also involves phytohormones. Notably, gibberellins control arbuscule formation via DELLA proteins, which themselves serve as positive regulators of arbuscule formation. The establishment of arbuscules is accompanied by a substantial transcriptional and post‐transcriptional reprogramming of host roots, ultimately defining the unique protein composition of arbuscule‐containing cells. Based on cellular expression profiles, key checkpoints of AM development as well as candidate genes encoding transcriptional regulators and regulatory microRNAs were identified. Detailed functional analyses of promoters specified short motifs sufficient for cell‐autonomous gene regulation in cells harboring arbuscules, and suggested simultaneous, multi‐level regulation of the mycorrhizal phosphate uptake pathway by integrating AM symbiosis and phosphate starvation response signaling.
Activation of MKK9‐MPK3/MPK6 enhances phosphate acquisition in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Lei Lei , Li Yuan , Wang Qian , Xu Juan , Chen Yifang , Yang Hailian , Ren Dongtao 
Published: May 2014

Summary

Despite the abundance of phosphorus in soil, very little is available as phosphate (Pi) for plants. Plants often experience low Pi (LP) stress. Intensive studies have been conducted to reveal the mechanism used by plants to deal with LP; however, Pi sensing and signal transduction pathways are not fully understood.

Using in‐gel kinase assays, we determined the activities of MPK3 and MPK6 in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings under both LP and Pi‐sufficient (Murashige and Skoog, MS) conditions. Using MKK9 mutant transgenic and crossed mutants, we analyzed the functions of MPK3 and MPK6 in regulating Pi responses of seedlings. The regulation of Pi responses by downstream components of MKK9‐MPK3/MPK6 was also screened.

LP treatment activated MPK3 and MPK6. Under both LP and MS conditions, mpk3 and mpk6 seedlings took up and accumulated less Pi than the wild‐type; activation of MKK9‐MPK3/MPK6 in transgenic seedlings induced the transcription of Pi acquisition‐related genes and enhanced Pi uptake and accumulation, whereas its activation suppressed the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and anthocyanin accumulation; WRKY75 was downstream of MKK9‐MPK3/MPK6 when regulating the accumulation of Pi and anthocyanin, and the transcription of Pi acquisition‐related and anthocyanin biosynthetic genes.

These results suggest that the MKK9‐MPK3/MPK6 cascade is part of the Pi signaling pathway in plants.
Salivary antimicrobial proteins associate with age‐related changes in streptococcal composition in dental plaque
Authors: Malcolm J. , Sherriff A. , Lappin D.F. , Ramage G. , Conway D.I. , Macpherson L.M.D. , Culshaw S. 
Published: May 2014

SummarySecretion of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) and salivary antibodies can modify biofilm formation at host body surfaces. In adolescents, associations have been reported between dental caries and salivary AMPs. AMPs demonstrate direct antimicrobial effects at high concentrations, and at lower more physiological concentrations they mediate changes in host cell defenses, which may alter the local environment and indirectly shape local biofilm formation. The expression of salivary AMPs in preschool children, at an age when the oral bacteria are known to change, has not been investigated. We sought to investigate salivary AMP expression in the context of previously well‐documented changes in the oral cavities of this age group including salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA), oral bacteria and dental caries. Dental plaque and saliva were collected from 57 children aged 12–24 months at baseline, of whom 23 children were followed‐up at 3 years of age. At each time, saliva was assessed for LL37, human neutrophil peptides 1–3, calprotectin, lactoferrin, salivary IgA, total plaque bacteria and Streptococcus mutans. Over time, concentrations of AMPs, S. mutans and bacteria‐specific salivary IgA increased. Caries experience was also recorded when children were 3 years old. Concentrations of AMPs were highest in the saliva of 3‐year‐old children with the greatest burden of S. mutans. These data suggest that salivary AMPs are variable over time and between individuals, and are linked with bacterial colonization. At follow up, the majority of children remained caries free. Larger longitudinal studies are required to confirm whether salivary AMP levels are predictive of caries and whether their modulation offers therapeutic benefit.
Fragmented or cohesive transnational private regulation of sustainability standards? A comparative study
Authors: Fransen Luc , Conzelmann Thomas 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLiterature on private regulation recognizes the proliferation of competing regulatory organizations and approaches in various industries. Studies analyzing why fragmentation arises so far focus on single‐case studies, the exploration of single variables, or variation in types of fragmentation. This article analyzes why in certain industries and for certain issues regulatory organizations proliferate, while in others a single regulatory organization emerges which covers the entire industry. Through a comparative case study of private regulation of sustainability standards in the forestry, clothing, IT‐electronics, and chemicals industries, we show how a combination of low industrial concentration, civil society involvement in governance, and stringent standards of a first‐moving regulator offer the strongest explanation for a fragmented private regulatory field, while high industrial concentration, business‐driven governance, and lenient standards of a first‐moving regulator lead to cohesive regulation.
Proliferation Patterns in a Pig Model of AV Fistula Stenosis: Can we Translate Biology into Novel Therapies?
Authors: Chan Jenq‐Shyong , Campos Begoña , Wang Yang , Mistry Meenakshi , Lee Timmy , Munda Rino , Arend Lois , Roy‐Chaudhury Prabir 
Published: May 2014

AbstractArteriovenous fistula (AVF) stenosis remains an important cause of AVF maturation failure for which there are currently no effective therapies. To understand the mechanisms involved, we have examined the pattern of cellular proliferation at different time points in a pig model of AVF stenosis. Immunohistochemical analysis of cellular proliferation was performed at 2, 7, 28, and 42 days. The distribution of cellular proliferation within the different layers of the vessel wall was also studied. An ANOVA analysis was used to identify differences between the magnitude of cellular proliferation at different time points and within different layers of the vessel wall. Adventitial proliferation occurred at 2 days and declined over time. Intimal and medial proliferation peaked at 7 days and then decreased over time. There was minimal proliferation in all three layers at the 28‐ and 42‐day time points. An important finding was the presence of active myofibroblast proliferation within “neointimal buds” at the 7‐day time point. Results suggest that there could be early adventitial activation, followed by a passage of these cells into the medial and intimal layers. These suggest that the application of perivascular antiproliferative (adventitial) therapies at the time of surgery could potentially reduce AVF maturation failure.