bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring bone morphogenetic protein‐2 and ‐7, soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand and osteoprotegerin levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid during the osseointegration of hydrophilic‐modified sandblasted acid‐etched and sandblasted acid‐etched surface dental implants
Authors: Dolanmaz D. , Saglam M. , Inan O. , Dundar N. , Alniacık G. , Gursoy Trak B. , Kocak E. , Hakki S. S. 
Published: April 2014

Background and ObjectiveThe implant surface plays a major role in the biological response to titanium dental implants. The aim of this study was to investigate levels of soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (sRANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) and ‐7 (BMP‐7) in the peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of different implants during the osseointegration period.Material and MethodsForty‐seven patients (22 females and 25 males, mean age 47.34 ± 10.11) were included in this study. Forty‐seven implants from two implant systems (group A1 (sandblasted acid‐etched [SLA]‐16), group A2 (hydrophilic‐modified SLA [SLActive]‐16), and group B (sandblasted acid‐etched [SLA]‐15) were placed using standard surgical protocols. PICF samples, plaque index, gingival index and probing depth measurements were obtained at 1 and 3 mo after surgery. PICF levels of sRANKL, OPG, BMP‐2/‐7 were analyzed by ELISA.ResultsNo complications were observed during the healing period. No significant differences were observed in the PICF levels of sRANKL, OPG, BMP‐2 and BMP‐7 for all groups at any time point (p > 0.05). A significant decrease was observed in BMP‐2 levels in group A1 (p < 0.05). A significant increase in BMP‐7 levels was observed only for group A2 (p < 0.05). There was a strong negative correlation between OPG and gingival index and a negative correlation between BMP‐7 and plaque index (p < 0.05).ConclusionConsidering the correlations between clinical and biochemical parameters, the levels of these cytokines in PICF during early healing of implants reflects the degree of peri‐implant inflammation, rather than differences in the implant surfaces.
Human endogenous peptide p33 inhibits detrimental effects of LL‐37 on osteoblast viability
Authors: Svensson D. , Westman J. , Wickström C. , Jönsson D. , Herwald H. , Nilsson B.‐O. 
Published: April 2014

Background and ObjectiveHigh levels of the antimicrobial peptide, LL‐37, are detected in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with chronic periodontitis. LL‐37 not only shows antimicrobial activity but also affects host‐cell viability. The objective of the present study was to identify endogenous mechanisms that antagonize the detrimental effects of LL‐37 on osteoblast viability, focusing on the human peptide p33 expressed on the surface of various cell types.Material and MethodsHuman osteoblast‐like MG63 cells and human hFOB1.19 osteoblasts were treated with or without LL‐37 in the presence or absence of p33. Recombinant human p33 was expressed in an Escherichia coli expression system. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was assessed using an enzymatic spectrophotometric assay. DNA synthesis was determined by measuring [3H]‐thymidine incorporation. Cell number was assessed by counting cells in a Bürker chamber. Intracellular Ca2+ was monitored by recording Fluo 4‐AM fluorescence using a laser scanning confocal microscope. Cellular expression of p33 was determined by western blotting.ResultsLL‐37 caused a concentration‐dependent release of LDH from human osteoblasts, showing a half‐maximal response value (EC50) of 4 μm and a rapid and sustained rise in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration of osteoblasts, suggesting that LL‐37 forms pores in the cell membrane. p33 (10 μm) inhibited the LL‐37‐induced LDH release and LL‐37‐evoked rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, suggesting that p33 prevents LL‐37‐induced permeabilization of the cell membrane. Moreover, p33 blocked LL‐37‐induced attenuation of osteoblast numbers. Also, mucin antagonized, at concentrations representative for nonstimulated whole saliva, LL‐37‐evoked LDH release, whilst cationic endogenous polyamines had no impact on LL‐37‐induced LDH release from osteoblasts.ConclusionsThe endogenous peptide p33 prevents LL‐37‐induced reduction of human osteoblast viability. Importantly, this mechanism may protect the osteoblasts from LL‐37‐induced cell damage in patients suffering from chronic periodontitis associated with high levels of LL‐37 locally.
A Homozygous KCNJ10 Mutation in Jack Russell Terriers and Related Breeds with Spinocerebellar Ataxia with Myokymia, Seizures, or Both
Authors: Gilliam D. , O'Brien D.P. , Coates J.R. , Johnson G.S. , Johnson G.C. , Mhlanga‐Mutangadura T. , Hansen L. , Taylor J.F. , Schnabel R.D. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundJuvenile‐onset spinocerebellar ataxia has been recognized in Jack Russell Terriers and related Russell group terriers (RGTs) for over 40 years. Ataxia occurs with varying combinations of myokymia, seizures, and other signs of neurologic disease. More than 1 form of the disease has been suspected.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe objective was to identify the mutation causing the spinocerebellar ataxia associated with myokymia, seizures, or both and distinguish the phenotype from other ataxias in the RGTs.AnimalsDNA samples from 16 RGTs with spinocerebellar ataxia beginning from 2 to 12 months of age, 640 control RGTs, and 383 dogs from 144 other breeds along with the medical records of affected dogs were studied.MethodsThis case‐control study compared the frequencies of a KCNJ10 allele in RGTs with spinocerebellar ataxia versus control RGTs. This allele was identified in a whole‐genome sequence of a single RGT with spinocerebellar ataxia and myokymia by comparison to whole‐genome sequences from 81 other canids that were normal or had other diseases.ResultsA missense mutation in the gene coding for the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 (KCNJ10:c.627C>G) was significantly (P < .001) associated with the disease. Dogs homozygous for the mutant allele all had spinocerebellar ataxia with varying combinations of myokymia and seizures.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIdentification of the KCNJ10 mutation in dogs with spinocerebellar ataxia with myokymia, seizures, or both clarifies the multiple forms of ataxia seen in these breeds and provides a DNA test to identify carriers.
Nutrient Digestibility of Reduced‐Soybean‐Meal Diets Containing Moringa or Leucaena Leaf Meals for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Kasiga Tom , Lochmann Rebecca 
Published: April 2014

AbstractVegetable leaf meals are cheaper feed ingredients than soybean meal (SBM) in developing countries, and leaf meals are less important as human food. We evaluated the nutrient digestibility of practical diets containing reduced levels of SBM in combination with leaf meals made from Moringa oleifera and Leucaena leucocephala in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Five isonitrogenous diets (32% crude protein) were made: the control diet contained 50% SBM, and the test diets were made by substituting 15 or 30% of SBM protein with either Moringa or Leucaena. Dry matter, protein, and lipid digestibility decreased with increasing Moringa or Leucaena in the diet. Protein and lipid digestibility were high across diets (75–90%). Ash digestibility of the control diet was similar to that of both Moringa diets, while the ash digestibility of the Leucaena diets was lower than other diets. Overall, nutrient digestibilities of Moringa diets exceeded those of Leucaena diets. Dry matter, protein, and lipid digestibilities decreased with increasing dietary fiber, which increased with increasing leaf meals. Ash digestibility was generally low for all diets. Better digestibility of practical diets containing Moringa compared to Leucaena indicates greater potential for Moringa to replace SBM in Nile tilapia diets without compromising fish performance.
Identification of Two Channel Catfish Stocks, Ictalurus punctatus, Cultivated in Northeast Mexico
Authors: De La Rosa‐Reyna Xochitl F. , Sifuentes‐Rincón Ana M. , Parra‐Bracamonte Gaspar M. , Arellano‐Vera Williams 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe channel catfish farming in Mexico began in the 1970s. One of the most important areas of production is its northeastern region. Traditionally, the channel catfish farmers have attempted to preserve their original genetic stock. After more than 30 yr of production, the genetic relationship between stocks has not been assessed. The goal of this study was to evaluate the genetic differentiation between five channel catfish farm populations, using 13 microsatellite markers. A total of 154 fin clip samples were collected from five channel catfish farms in Tamaulipas. We also included 31 individuals of the commercial strain NWAC103. In each population, we calculated parameter of genetic variability: inbreeding coefficient (FIS), pairwise differentiation (FST), and genetic distance (DC). For the inference of populations and individual assignment two Bayesian methods were used. Genetic variability parameters were NA = 9.54–11.08 and AE = 5.40–6.67. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium deviations were observed for all farm populations examined, and a deficit of heterozygotes was found. Signals of inbreeding were observed, particularly for the ACU (Acuamex) hatchery. Populations EKA (Empresas Karol) and ACU showed higher genetic differentiation values with respect to the commercial strain (FST = 0.107; FST = 0.082, respectively). Moderated genetic differences (FST = 0.067; DC = 0.080) were observed between the EKA and ACU. Clustering analysis revealed a well‐defined group between EKA and TPA (El Tiron Parejo). In the Bayesian analysis three groups were defined. The first group was formed by EKA and TPA, the second group included ACU, LAJ (La Lajilla), and PRO (Prodatec). In the third group was the commercial strain. In the assignment of individuals, EKA and ACU were represented by exclusive genotypes. Identification of two genetic stocks, one located in the EKA and the other in the ACU population, will be relevant for future management of these hatcheries. Additionally, the information from microsatellites and the statistical procedures presented will be important tools for genetic monitoring of these farm populations.
Shakespeare's Linguistic Creativity: A Reappraisal
Authors: Kolentsis Alysia 
Published: April 2014

AbstractShakespeare occupies a rarefied place in the popular imagination. In particular, he is widely celebrated for his creativity with language, and he tends to be portrayed as a singular genius with an inimitable vocabulary and an astounding gift for word invention. Yet as recent scholarship has shown, Shakespeare's language was in fact remarkably average; rather than standing as a shining exception, Shakespeare had a lexicon and a word‐invention rate in keeping with those of his contemporaries. However, Shakespeare's “ordinariness” does not mean that he was not linguistically creative. This essay focuses on Shakespeare's brilliant but subtle manipulation of the existing resources of his language. Shakespeare has an uncanny ability to render common words fresh, and to exploit the unique features of the English of his day, so that even the most ordinary language is transformed into something resonant. Revising Shakespeare's reputation as linguistic innovator means acknowledging his more understated language skills and ultimately allows for a more complete understanding, and fuller appreciation, of his work.
Neurology and Modernist Literature
Authors: Christensen Susie 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a surge in work by literary critics which considers the literature of the late‐nineteenth and early‐twentieth centuries in relation to neurology. This builds upon an already substantial body of work which has studied the literature of this period in relation to psychology or psychoanalysis. The work of medical historians is crucial for literary critics seeking to tease out the complex relationship between psychology and neurology in this period and also in establishing that psychology must form a central aspect of historically grounded studies of neurology and literature which focus on the late‐nineteenth and early‐twentieth centuries. Focusing on neurology and psychology alongside one another in relation to modernist literature demands a new account of Freud and Freudianism. Neurology also needs to be seen as a key element of embodiment in modernist literature. The first part of the article explores these issues. The second part considers recent work by literary critics on neurology and literature and is split into two sections. The first surveys recent work which gives a historically grounded account of neurology and modernist literature, touching on work which considers authors such as Samuel Beckett and Virginia Woolf. The second section focuses on works which examine modernist literature in relation to the neurology and/or neuroscience of today, questioning the efficacy of such an approach.
Beyond Politics? Marvell and the Fortunes of Context
Authors: Augustine Matthew C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article situates the construction of a ‘political Marvell’ within and against the ‘new’ literary historicisms that have arisen since the late 1970s. Despite the disciplinary prestige garnered in the 1980s and 90s by New Historicism in the United States and by Cultural Materialism in Great Britain, students of Marvell – I argue – were more directly influenced by the examples of John Pocock, Quentin Skinner, and the so‐called Cambridge School of intellectual history. But if students of Marvell thereby early demonstrated the potential of contextual analysis for literary scholarship, Marvellians today must grapple with the limits of contextualization. Is there not, we now wonder, anything ‘beyond politics’?
Evidence for ecological divergence across a mosaic of soil types in an Amazonian tropical tree:Protium subserratum(Burseraceae)
Authors: Misiewicz Tracy M. , Fine Paul V. A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSoil heterogeneity is an important driver of divergent natural selection in plants. Neotropical forests have the highest tree diversity on earth, and frequently, soil specialist congeners are distributed parapatrically. While the role of edaphic heterogeneity in the origin and maintenance of tropical tree diversity is unknown, it has been posited that natural selection across the patchwork of soils in the Amazon rainforest is important in driving and maintaining tree diversity. We examined genetic and morphological differentiation among populations of the tropical treeProtium subserratumgrowing parapatrically on the mosaic of white‐sand, brown‐sand and clay soils found throughout western Amazonia. Nuclear microsatellites and leaf morphology were used to (i) quantify the extent of phenotypic and genetic divergence across habitat types, (ii) assess the importance of natural selection vs. drift in population divergence, (iii) determine the extent of hybridization and introgression across habitat types, (iv) estimate migration rates among populations. We found significant morphological variation correlated with soil type. Higher levels of genetic differentiation and lower migration rates were observed between adjacent populations found on different soil types than between geographically distant populations on the same soil type.PST‐FSTcomparisons indicate a role for natural selection in population divergence among soil types. A small number of hybrids were detected suggesting that gene flow among soil specialist populations may occur at low frequencies. Our results suggest that edaphic specialization has occurred multiple times inP. subserratumand that divergent natural selection across edaphic boundaries may be a general mechanism promoting and maintaining Amazonian tree diversity.
Assessing Skeletal Muscle Variations in Microvascular Pressure and Unstressed Blood Volume at the Bedside
Authors: De Blasi Roberto Alberto , Arcioni Roberto 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveQuantitative NIRS measurements for MBV partitioning inside microvessels are of current physiologic and clinical interest. In this study, in healthy subjects, we sought new bedside NIRS variables for noninvasively measuring Vu and Pi changes.MethodsFifteen healthy subjects underwent graded venous congestion for MBV measurements with NIRS and the reference technique strain‐gauge plethysmography. From ΔMBV we calculated vascular compliance, blood flow, and new NIRS variables including Vu and Pit and Pcrit.ResultsExtrapolating MBV changes to 0 yielded Pit 4.19 ± 0.5 mmHg corresponding to a Vu of 2.53 ± 0.43 mL/100 mL T. The slope for MBV began steeper at values below 18 mmHg (Pcrit). Microvascular compliance measured with NIRS or with strain gauge gave matching results. The change in MBV depended on the oxyhemoglobin increase. No correlation was found between Vu and microvascular compliance or the overall ΔMBV. Cumulative pressure steps showed higher linearity in ΔMBV than that induced by discontinuous steps.ConclusionsThe new NIRS variables we report could be a practical bench‐to‐bedside tool to assess venous driving pressure for systemic perfusion and measure changes in Vu within the microvascular bed.
Non‐Newtonian Flow of Blood in Arterioles: Consequences for Wall Shear Stress Measurements
Authors: Sriram Krishna , Intaglietta Marcos , Tartakovsky Daniel M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveOur primary goal is to investigate the effects of non‐Newtonian blood properties on wall shear stress in microvessels. The secondary goal is to derive a correction factor for the Poiseuille‐law‐based indirect measurements of wall shear stress.MethodsThe flow is assumed to exhibit two distinct, immiscible and homogeneous fluid layers: an inner region densely packed with RBCs, and an outer cell‐free layer whose thickness depends on discharge hematocrit. The cell‐free layer is assumed to be Newtonian, while rheology of the RBC‐rich core is modeled using the Quemada constitutive law.ResultsOur model provides a realistic description of experimentally observed blood velocity profiles, tube hematocrit, core hematocrit, and apparent viscosity over a wide range of vessel radii and discharge hematocrits.ConclusionsOur analysis reveals the importance of incorporating this complex blood rheology into estimates of WSS in microvessels. The latter is accomplished by specifying a correction factor, which accounts for the deviation of blood flow from the Poiseuille law.
Real‐Time Estimation of Pollution Emissions and Dispersion from Highway Traffic
Authors: Samaranayake Samitha , Glaser Steven , Holstius David , Monteil Julien , Tracton Ken , Seto Edmund , Bayen Alexandre 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTraffic‐related air pollution is a serious problem with significant health impacts in both urban and suburban environments. Despite an increased realization of the negative impacts of air pollution, assessing individuals' exposure to traffic‐related air pollution remains a challenge. Obtaining high‐resolution estimates are difficult due to the spatial and temporal variability of emissions, the dependence on local atmospheric conditions, and the lack of monitoring infrastructure. This presents a significant hurdle to identifying pollution concentration hot spots and understanding the emission sources responsible for these hot spots, which in turn makes it difficult to reduce the uncertainty of health risk estimates for communities and to develop policies that mitigate these risks. We present a novel air pollution estimation method that models the highway traffic state, highway traffic‐induced air pollution emissions, and pollution dispersion, and describe a prototype implementation for the San Francisco Bay Area. Our model is based on the availability of real‐time traffic estimates on highways, which we obtain using a traffic dynamics model and an estimation algorithm that augments real‐time data from both fixed sensors and probe vehicles. These traffic estimates combined with local weather conditions are used as inputs to an emission model that estimates pollutant levels for multiple gases and particulates in real‐time. Finally, a dispersion model is used to assess the spread of these pollutants away from the highway source. Maps generated using the output of the dispersion model allow users to easily analyze the evolution of individual pollutants over time, and provides transportation engineers and public health officials with valuable information that can be used to minimize health risks.
Timeless Reflections: Form, Cadence and Tonal Structure in the Scherzo and Finale of Schubert's String Quintet
Authors: Koslovsky John 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSchubert's Quintet in C major has drawn the attention of a number of Schenkerian analysts. While most have examined aspects of form and tonal structure within specific movements (Beach 1993, 1994 and 1995; Smith 2006; and Suurpää 2000), others have attempted to analyse the entire Quintet along a single linear trajectory (Rast 1998). In general, however, Schenkerian analyses of this piece have emphasised the opening two movements, and they have quite understandably done so from a mainly teleological perspective. However, such a perspective stands in stark contrast to the more retrospective, introspective and lyrical qualities that the Quintet exhibits (Gingerich 2000).This article offers an analysis of the last two movements of Schubert's masterpiece, the Scherzo‐Trio and Finale (Allegretto). These deploy many of the same techniques as the first and the second movements: delayed tonal arrivals, chromatically altered sonorities, harmonic and motivic cross‐references and structured paths from tonic to dominant. While negotiating the ways in which form, cadence and voice leading articulate the overall tonal structure, the article aims to bring together the forward‐driving and retrospective impulses by investigating the ways in which Schubert revisits many of the same ‘timeless’ moments found in the previous movements while still allowing the work to close as a single dramatic gesture.
Mesenchymal stem cells and transplant tolerance
Authors: Vanikar Aruna V , Trivedi Hargovind L , Kumar Ashutosh , Gopal Saroj Chooramani , Kute Vivek B 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDifferent strategies are being tried to induce transplant tolerance in clinical settings; however, none of them are both safe and effective. Mesenchymal stem cells have been found to be potent immunomodulators and immunosuppressants. We discuss in this review different sources of mesenchymal stem cells and the potent role of adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in induction of transplant tolerance including when to use them and how to use them for achieving the Utopian dream of transplant tolerance.
Relationship between nurse staffing levels and nurse outcomes in community hospitals, Thailand
Authors: Nantsupawat Apiradee , Nantsupawat Raymoul , Kulnaviktikul Wipada , McHugh Matthew D. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA growing body of research has shown an association between nurse staffing levels and a range of nurse outcomes. There is little empirical research evaluating this relationship in Thailand. This study evaluated the influence of nurse staffing levels on outcomes among nurses. A cross‐sectional survey design was conducted at 92 community hospitals using a stratified random sampling design across Thailand during May and July 2012. Questionnaires included items focusing on nurse staffing levels; job dissatisfaction and emotional exhaustion, both related to nurse retention; and needlestick and sharps injuries. The study sample comprised 1412 registered nurses who provided direct patient care. The findings showed that each additional patient per nurse was associated with an additional 5% of nurses reporting dissatisfaction in their job; 8% of nurses reporting high emotional exhaustion, and 4% of nurses reporting needlestick and sharps injuries. This study provides evidence of how nurse staffing levels result in nurse outcomes. Nurses are significant healthcare providers that directly affect quality of care and patient safety in hospitals. Improvement of nurse staffing levels holds promise for improving nurse outcomes in Thailand.