bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
mTOR is involved in 17β‐estradiol‐induced, cultured immature boar Sertoli cell proliferation via regulating the expression of SKP2, CCND1, and CCNE1
Authors: Yang Wei‐Rong , Wang Yong , Wang Yi , Zhang Jiao‐Jiao , Zhang Jia‐Hua , Lu Cheng , Wang Xian‐Zhong 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYMammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is known to be involved in mammalian cell proliferation, while S‐phase kinase‐associated protein 2 (SKP2) plays a vital role in the cell cycle. Within the testis, estrogen also plays an important role in Sertoli cell proliferation, although it is not clear how. The present study asked if mTOR is involved in 17β‐estradiol‐dependent Sertoli cell proliferation. We specifically assessed if extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and/or phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) exert convergent effects toward the activation of mTOR signaling, and if this signaling regulates the expression of SKP2 through retinoblastoma (RB) and early mitotic inhibitor 1 (EMI1) protein and on CCNE1 and CCND1 mRNA levels. Treatment with 17β‐estradiol for 15–90 min activated mTOR, with mTOR phosphorylation peaking after 30 min. U0126 (5 μM), a specific inhibitor of (MEK1/2), and 10‐DEBC (2 μM), a selective inhibitor of AKT, both significantly reduced 17β‐estradiol‐induced phosphorylation of mTOR. Rapamycin suppressed 17β‐estradiol‐induced Sertoli cell proliferation, appearing to act by reducing the abundance of SKP2, CCND1, and CCNE1 mRNA as well as RB and EMI1 protein. These data indicated that 17β‐estradiol enhances Sertoli cell proliferation via mTOR activation, which involves both ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling. Activated mTOR subsequently increases SKP2 mRNA and protein expression by enhancing the expression of CCND1 and CCNE1, and inhibits SKP2 protein degradation by increasing EMI1 abundance. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 305–314, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and optical properties of σ–π conjugated organic–inorganic hybrid gels
Authors: Naga Naofumi , Nagino Hitomi , Iwashita Midori , Miyanaga Tomoharu , Furukawa Hidemitsu 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTOrganic–inorganic hybrid gels containing Si‐vinylene units have been synthesized by a hydrosilylation reaction of tri‐ or tetra‐ethynyl aryl compounds, 1,3,5‐triethynylbenzene (TEB), 3,3′,5,5′‐tetraethynylbiphenyl (TEBP), or tetrakis(4‐ethynylphenyl)methane (TEPM), and bisdimethylsilyl compounds, 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS) or 1,4‐bisdimetylsilylbenzene (BDMSB), in toluene. Network structure of the resulting gels was quantitatively characterized by a scanning microscopic light scattering. The reactions yielded the gels having homogeneous network structure of 1.5–2.9 nm mesh size under the monomer concentrations that were relatively higher than the critical gelation concentration. The gels obtained from TEB showed broad absorption in the range from 340 to 370 nm, and emission in the range from 440 to 490 nm. The TEB–BDMSB gels showed remarkable red shift of the emission in comparison with that of the corresponding reaction solutions derived from the network formed by σ–π conjugation. The TEPM–TMDS, BDMSB gels exited by 280 nm showed not only the emission peak at around 360 nm derived from TEPM, but the broad peak at around 420 nm, which should be derived from interaction between phenyl groups of TEPM in the gels. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1360–1368
Interolog interfaces in protein–protein docking
Authors: Alsop James D. , Mitchell Julie C. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTProteins are essential elements of biological systems, and their function typically relies on their ability to successfully bind to specific partners. Recently, an emphasis of study into protein interactions has been on hot spots, or residues in the binding interface that make a significant contribution to the binding energetics. In this study, we investigate how conservation of hot spots can be used to guide docking prediction. We show that the use of evolutionary data combined with hot spot prediction highlights near‐native structures across a range of benchmark examples. Our approach explores various strategies for using hot spots and evolutionary data to score protein complexes, using both absolute and chemical definitions of conservation along with refinements to these strategies that look at windowed conservation and filtering to ensure a minimum number of hot spots in each binding partner. Finally, structure‐based models of orthologs were generated for comparison with sequence‐based scoring. Using two data sets of 22 and 85 examples, a high rate of top 10 and top 1 predictions are observed, with up to 82% of examples returning a top 10 hit and 35% returning top 1 hit depending on the data set and strategy applied; upon inclusion of the native structure among the decoys, up to 55% of examples yielded a top 1 hit. The 20 common examples between data sets show that more carefully curated interolog data yields better predictions, particularly in achieving top 1 hits. Proteins 2015; 83:1940–1946. © 2015 The Authors. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of the temperature changes of EDTA and MTAD on the removal of the smear layer: a scanning electron microscopy study
Authors: Çiçek Ersan , Keskin Özgür 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of EDTA and MTAD at different temperatures as a final irrigant to remove the smear layer after the use of 5.25% NaOCl. Seventy‐eight human mandibular premolars with single straight canal were prepared by a crown‐down technique using rotary 0.06 taper nickel‐titanium files. Final irrigation was performed with EDTA and MTAD at different temperatures. The removal of the smear layer in the coronal, middle and apical level of each canal was examined under scanning electron microscope. No difference was found between the EDTA and MTAD at 4°C, 25°C, and 37°C temperatures regardless of the canal level (coronal, middle and apical) (P = 0.286). In EDTA‐25, EDTA‐37, MTAD‐25, and MTAD‐37 groups, the difference among the coronal, middle, and apical levels were statistically no significant (P > 0.05). Our findings showed that EDTA and MTAD at 25°C and 37°C are more effective than EDTA and MTAD at 4°C even in the apical level. SCANNING 37:193–196, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of TH‐UWB interference on MB‐OFDM UWB systems: interference modeling and performance analysis
Authors: Sarabchi Farshad , Nerguizian Chahé 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this paper, the coexistence issue between multiband‐orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (MB‐OFDM) and time‐hopping ultra‐wideband (TH‐UWB) networks is widely analyzed. For this purpose, to study and model the TH‐UWB interference, an analytical framework which describes key features of the interference distribution is provided. The interference distribution is studied in the context of TH‐UWB's signaling parameters. Our results reveal that the interference distribution highly depends on its time‐hopping parameters. Therefore, choosing proper time‐hopping parameters leads to less destructive interferences. The Generalized Gaussian and the Symmetric‐α‐Stable (SαS) distributions are used to model the interference‐plus‐noise signal. The maximum likelihood and a characteristic function‐based regression‐type methods are adopted to estimate parameters of Generalized Gaussian and SαS distributions, respectively. Moreover, the interference channel effects on the impulsive behavior of the TH‐UWB signal is studied. It is shown that impulsive behavior of the faded interference signals highly depends on the channel time‐dispersiveness. Furthermore, an exact performance of a multiband‐orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing system impaired by a TH‐UWB system is derived. The comparison of the analytical performance, the empirical simulation, and the approximation results show that both approximation methods are valid for low interference‐to‐noise‐ratio, while SαS provides a more accurate approximation for high interference‐to‐noise‐ratio. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of egg size differences in anadromous (sockeye salmon) and non‐anadromous (kokanee) forms of Oncorhynchus nerka to infer ancestral origins of a landlocked population
Authors: Quinn Thomas P. , Bond Morgan H. , Berge Hans B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLife history traits reflect interactions between evolutionary lineage and environmental conditions. Translocations of populations to new environments, and changes in their natal environment, provide insights into the factors controlling life history. For example, the trade‐off between egg size and egg number is a well‐studied adaptation in fishes, and especially salmon and trout. We used existing and new data on this tradeoff in anadromous sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, and the non‐anadromous form of the species (kokanee), to investigate the likely origin of a population of uncertain ancestry, land‐locked for a century above an impassable dam. Native kokanee have smaller eggs than do the larger‐bodied anadromous sockeye salmon. However, the land‐locked population in Lake Sutherland, in the Elwha River system, Washington, USA had much larger eggs for their body size than any other kokanee population, similar only to the land‐locked descendants of anadromous sockeye salmon in New Zealand. After evaluating and rejecting a series of competing explanations for the unusually large eggs, we infer that the population was mostly likely of anadromous origin, retaining the ancestral tendency to produce large eggs, despite the sacrifice in fecundity that is necessitated by the limited female energy resources. This study revealed the utility of life history traits for studying the ancestral origins of a population for which molecular genetic tools were not informative. Worldwide, many populations have been transplanted or exposed to new conditions, affording similar opportunities to investigate phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary adaptations.
Cyclic Fatty Acids Found in Frying Oils are Detoxified via Classical Drug Metabolic Pathway but also by β‐Oxidation and Eliminated as Conjugates in Rats
Authors: Desmarais Amélie , Pujos‐Guillot Estelle , Lyan Bernard , Martin Jean‐François , Leblanc Nadine , Angers Paul , Sébédio Jean‐Louis 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCyclic fatty acid monomers (CFAM) are mainly formed during heat treatments, such as frying, of edible oils. These fatty acids are mixtures of disubstituted five‐ or six‐carbon‐membered ring structures. Some earlier studies have suggested that some of these molecules could be metabolized and detoxified, but so far, neither the detoxification mechanisms nor the metabolite identifications have been elucidated. The objective of the present study was to identify the metabolites resulting from the metabolism and detoxification of CFAM. A deuterium‐labeled CFAM, [9‐2H]‐10‐(6‐propyl‐2‐cyclohexenyl)‐dodecenoic acid, was synthesized and fed to rats for 3 days, along with a standard chow diet while the control group was fed the same chow diet which did not contain any CFAM. Biological fluids (urine, blood) were collected for both groups of rats and analyzed using an untargeted metabolomic approach by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Two discriminant metabolites and 18 molecules derived from CFAM were identified or tentatively identified in plasma and urine samples, respectively. The structures of the metabolites suggest that CFAM having a six‐carbon‐membered ring could be detoxified by the classical drug metabolic pathway (phase I and phase II reactions), but our study also indicates that these are substrates for the β‐oxidation pathway and eliminated as glucuronide, sulphate, and/or nitrate conjugates. Urine metabolomics investigations without diet effects have indicated a higher excretion of medium‐chain acylcarnitines in the D‐CFAM diet group, which may indicate an incomplete β‐oxidation.
Influence of Soy Protein Isolate Prepared by Phosphate‐Assisted Hydrothermal Cooking on the Gelation of Myofibrillar Protein
Authors: Guo Jian , Hu Lei , Yang Xiao‐Quan , Yu Shu‐Juan , Liu Yong‐Chuang , Jin Yu‐Cong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe poor solubility and functionalities of soy protein concentrate (SPC) limits its utilization in meat products. Phosphate‐assisted hydrothermal cooking (HTC) was applied to refunctionalize SPC in this work. The resultant soy protein isolate (SPI) was used as an ingredient for improving the gelation of porcine myofibrillar protein (MP) which was induced by microbial transglutaminase (MTGase). The addition of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) enhanced the refunctionalization efficiency of HTC and increased the phosphorus content in the obtained SPI. Dynamic rheological analysis indicated that this SPI itself could not form a gel with the help of MTGase. However, the SEM observation revealed that the presence of this SPI strengthened the gel network of MP and made it become denser and more ordered. As a result, the mechanical properties and water holding capacity of the MP gel were significantly improved by this SPI prepared by phosphate‐assisted HTC.
Effect of High‐Intensity Ultrasound on the Crystallization Behavior of High‐Stearic High‐Oleic Sunflower Oil Soft Stearin
Authors: Rincón‐Cardona Jaime A. , Agudelo‐Laverde Lina M. , Herrera María L. , Martini Silvana 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU) and crystallization temperature (Tc) on the crystallization behavior, melting profile, and elasticity of a soft stearin fraction of high‐stearic high‐oleic sunflower oil. Results showed that HIU can be used to induce and increase the rate of crystallization of the soft stearin with significantly higher SFC values obtained in the sonicated samples, especially at higher Tc. SFC values were fitted using the Avrami model, and higher kn and lower n values were obtained when samples were crystallized with sonication, suggesting that sonicated samples crystallized faster and through an instantaneous nucleation mechanism. In addition, the crystal morphology, melting behavior, and viscoelasticity were significantly affected by sonication.
The sweet taste of gratitude: Feeling grateful increases choice and consumption of sweets
Authors: Schlosser Ann E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGratitude is a positive emotion experienced when a positive outcome is attributed to others. Though often regarded as a virtuous emotion, I argue that gratitude may have sweet side effects. Specifically, because gratitude involves acknowledging benefits received from the kind (or metaphorically sweet) actions of another, individuals may infer that they must be deserving of sweetness. As a result, they prefer foods with congruent – or sweet rather than nonsweet – tastes. If gratitude causes individuals to prefer sweets because they infer that they must be deserving of sweetness, then the effect should be strongest among those most likely to infer from a sweet act that they deserve sweetness, such as those who are psychologically connected to others (i.e., primed with interdependence or shared attributes). The results of six studies support these predictions. In particular, individuals selected more sweets and fewer non‐sweet foods when primed to feel grateful than proud, a positive emotion experienced by attributing a positive outcome to the self. Furthermore, moderation and mediation support the cognition of deserving sweetness as the underlying mechanism.
Topoisomerase‐1 and ‐2A gene copy numbers are elevated in mismatch repair‐proficient colorectal cancers
Authors: Sønderstrup Ida Marie Heeholm , Nygård Sune Boris , Poulsen Tim Svenstrup , Linnemann Dorte , Stenvang Jan , Nielsen Hans Jørgen , Bartek Jiri , Brünner Nils , Nørgaard Peter , Riis Lene 
Published: March 2015

Introduction
Topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) and 2A (TOP2A) are potential predictive biomarkers for irinotecan and anthracycline treatment, respectively, in colorectal cancer (CRC), and we have recently reported a high frequency of gene gain of the TOP1 and TOP2A genes in CRC. Furthermore, Mismatch Repair (MMR) subtypes of CRC have been associated with benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy of primary CRC. Given the involvement of the topoisomerase enzymes in DNA replication and repair, we raised the hypothesis that an association may exist between TOP gene copy numbers and MMR proficiency/deficiency in CRC.Material and methods
Test cohort: FISH analysis with an in‐house TOP1/CEN20 probe mix and a commercially available TOP2A/CEN17 (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) probe mix was performed on archival formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from 18 patients with proficient MMR (pMMR) CRC and 18 patients with deficient MMR (dMMR) CRC. TOP1 and TOP2A gene copy numbers and their ratios per nucleus were correlated with MMR status using the Mann–Whitney test. Validation cohort: FFPE samples from 154 patients with primary stage III CRC (originally included in the RANX05 study) were classified according to MMR status by immunohistochemical analysis using validated antibodies for MLH1, MLH2, MSH6 and PMS2, and information on TOP1, CEN20, TOP2A and CEN17 status was previously published for this cohort.ResultsThe observed TOP1 gene copy numbers in the 36 CRC test cohort were significantly greater (p < 0.01) in the pMMR subgroup (mean: 3.84, SD: 2.03) than in the dMMR subgroup (mean: 1.50, SD: 0.12). Similarly, the TOP2A copy numbers were significantly greater (p < 0.01) in the pMMR subgroup (mean: 1.99, SD: 0.52) than in the dMMR subgroup (mean: 1.52, SD: 0.10). These findings were confirmed in the validation cohort, where in the pMMR subgroup 51% had ≥2 extra TOP1 copies per cell, while all tumors classified as dMMR had diploid TOP1 status and mean TOP2A copy numbers were 2.30 (SD: 1.36) and 1.80 (SD: 0.31) (p = 0.01) in the pMMR subgroup vs. dMMR subgroup, respectively.Discussion and conclusionOur results show that TOP1 and TOP2A gene copy numbers are increased in the pMMR subgroup. We propose that this preference may reflect a selective pressure to gain and/or maintain the gained extra copies of topoisomerase genes whose products are required to cope with high replication stress present in the pMMR tumors, thereby providing a survival advantage selectively in pMMR tumors. Future studies should test this concept and explore potential differences between pMMR and dMMR tumors in response to Top1 and Top2 inhibitors.
Smoking Increases the Risk of Acute Mountain Sickness
Authors: Vinnikov Denis , Brimkulov Nurlan , Blanc Paul D. 
Published: March 2015

Objective We aimed to ascertain risk factors for acute mountain sickness (AMS) in miners exposed to chronic intermittent high altitude conditions. Methods All new hires (2009–2012) for mine employment (4000 m above sea level) were followed up for 12 months after first ascent. Demographics, physiologic data, and cigarette smoking were assessed at preemployment screening. Mine site clinic care for AMS defined incident events. Cox regression analysis estimated risk of AMS associated with smoking and selected covariates. Results There were 46 AMS cases among 569 individuals during the first 12 months of employment. Adjusted for age, sex, and altitude of permanent residence, cigarettes smoked per day before hiring were prospectively associated with AMS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.2 per 10 cigarettes smoked). This risk was higher in the subset of workers with less demanding physical work (n = 336; HR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.7 to 6.3), whereas among those with more physically demanding jobs (n = 233), smoking was not associated with increased risk (HR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.1 to 2.3). Conclusions In workers newly hired to work at high altitude, smoking increases the likelihood of AMS, but this effect appears to be operative only among those with less physically demanding work duties.
Generation of steady longitudinal vortices in hypersonic boundary layer
Authors: Ruban A. I. , Kravtsova M. A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this paper we study the three-dimensional perturbations produced in a hypersonic boundary layer by a small wall roughness. The flow analysis is performed under the assumption that the Reynolds number, $R{e}_{0} = {\rho }_{\infty } {V}_{\infty } L/ {\mu }_{0} $, and Mach number, ${M}_{\infty } = {V}_{\infty } / {a}_{\infty } $, are large, but the hypersonic interaction parameter, $\chi = { M}_{\infty }^{2} R{ e}_{0}^{- 1/ 2} $, is small. Here ${V}_{\infty } $, ${\rho }_{\infty } $ and ${a}_{\infty } $ are the flow velocity, gas density and speed of sound in the free stream, ${\mu }_{0} $ is the dynamic viscosity coefficient at the ‘stagnation temperature’, and $L$ is the characteristic distance the boundary layer develops along the body surface before encountering a roughness. We choose the longitudinal and spanwise dimensions of the roughness to be $O({\chi }^{3/ 4} )$ quantities. In this case the flow field around the roughness may be described in the framework of the hypersonic viscous–inviscid interaction theory, also known as the triple-deck model. Our main interest in this paper is the nonlinear behaviour of the perturbations. We study these by means of numerical solution of the triple-deck equations, for which purpose a modification of the ‘skewed shear’ technique suggested by Smith (United Technologies Research Center Tech. Rep. 83-46, 1983) has been used. The technique requires global iterations to adjust the viscous and inviscid parts of the flow. Convergence of such iterations is known to be a major problem in viscous–inviscid calculations. In order to achieve improved stability of the method, both the momentum equation for the viscous part of the flow, and the equations describing the interaction with the flow outside the boundary layer, are treated implicitly in this study. The calculations confirm the fact that in this sort of flow the perturbations are capable of propagating upstream in the boundary layer, resulting in a perturbation field which surrounds the roughness on all sides. We found that the perturbations decay rather fast with the distance from the roughness everywhere except in the wake behind the roughness. We found that if the height of the roughness is small, then the perturbations also decay in the wake, though much more slowly than outside the wake. However, if the roughness height exceeds some critical value, then two symmetric counter-rotating vortices form in the wake. They appear to support themselves and grow as the distance from the roughness increases.
Being on the outer: The risks and benefits of spiritual self-disclosure in the Australian workplace
Authors: Crossman Joanna E 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSelf-disclosure has been connected to a number of organisational benefits such as increased motivation, trust building, employee well-being, organisational identification, the communication of organisational values and commitment. Curiously, however, little work about self-disclosure has been published in management and organisation journals and still less that is concerned with spiritual self-disclosure, despite increasing employee diversity as globalisation intensifies.This paper reports on the analysis of semi-structured, qualitative, interview data collected from 40 Australian managers and professionals. The findings reveal that spiritual self-disclosure was largely perceived as taboo, ‘risky’ and stigmatising with the potential for negative consequences. These risks are all captured in the concept of being on the outer, a metaphor denoting marginalisation from the social, cultural and spiritual identity of the organisation. In contrast, ‘safe’, inclusive organisational cultures are likely to encourage spiritual self-disclosure and the benefits it can bring to employees, managers and organisations.