bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Fluctuation Electron Microscopy in the STEM: Methods to Identify, Avoid, and Correct for Artifacts
Authors: Li Tian T. , Bogle Stephanie N. , Abelson John R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFluctuation electron microscopy can reveal the nanoscale order in amorphous materials via the statistical variance in the scattering intensity as a function of position, scattering vector, and resolution. However, several sources of experimental artifacts can seriously affect the magnitude of the variance peaks. The use of a scanning transmission electron microscope for data collection affords a convenient means to check whether artifacts are present. As nanodiffraction patterns are collected in serial, any spatial or temporal dependence of the scattering intensity across the series can easily be detected. We present examples of the major types of artifact and methods to correct the data or to avoid the problem experimentally. We also re-cast the statistical formalism used to identify sources of noise in view of the present results. The present work provides a basis on which to perform fluctuation electron microscopy with a high level of reliability and confidence in the quantitative magnitude of the data.
Probing and Analyzing Buried Interfaces of Multifunctional Oxides Using a Secondary Electron Energy Analyzer
Authors: Srinivasan Avinash , Khursheed Anjam 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA contactless method of probing and analyzing multifunctional oxide interfaces using an electron energy analyzer inside a scanning electron microscope is presented. High contrast experimental secondary electron analyzer signals are used to detect changes in the interface conductivity of a LaAlO3/SrTiO3 sample. Monte Carlo simulations of the primary beam/specimen interaction are carried out and correlated with the experimental results in order to help understand the role of the primary beam energy and adjust it to enhance contrast.
SEMIABELIAN VARIETIES OVER SEPARABLY CLOSED FIELDS, MAXIMAL DIVISIBLE SUBGROUPS, AND EXACT SEQUENCES
Authors: Benoist Franck , Bouscaren Elisabeth , Pillay Anand 
Published: July 2014

Given a separably closed field $K$ of characteristic $p>0$ and finite degree of imperfection, we study the $\sharp$ functor which takes a semiabelian variety $G$ over $K$ to the maximal divisible subgroup of $G(K)$. Our main result is an example where $G^{\sharp }$, as a ‘type-definable group’ in $K$, does not have ‘relative Morley rank’, yielding a counterexample to a claim in Hrushovski [J. Amer. Math. Soc. 9 (1996), 667–690]. Our methods involve studying the question of the preservation of exact sequences by the $\sharp$ functor, and relating this to issues of descent as well as model-theoretic properties of $G^{\sharp }$. We mention some characteristic 0 analogues of these ‘exactness-descent’ results, where differential algebraic methods are more prominent. We also develop the notion of an iterative D-structure on a group scheme over an iterative Hasse field, which is interesting in its own right, as well as providing a uniform treatment of the characteristic 0 and characteristic $p$ cases of ‘exactness descent’.
The transient expression of miR-203 and its inhibiting effects on skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Luo W , Wu H , Ye Y , Li Z , Hao S , Kong L , Zheng X , Lin S , Nie Q , Zhang X 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that miR-203 is a skin-specific microRNA (miRNA) with a profound role in skin cell differentiation. However, emerging microarray and deep sequencing data revealed that miR-203 is also expressed in embryonic skeletal muscle and myoblasts. In this study, we found that miR-203 was transiently upregulated in chicken embryos on days 10 to 16 (E10–E16) and was sharply downregulated and even not expressed after E16 in chicken embryonic skeletal muscle. Histological profiles and weight variations of embryo skeletal muscle revealed that miR-203 expression is correlated with muscle development. In vitro experiments showed that miR-203 exhibited downregulated expression during myoblast differentiation into myotubes. miR-203 overexpression inhibited myoblast proliferation and differentiation, whereas its loss-of-function increased myoblast proliferation and differentiation. During myogenesis, miR-203 can target and inhibit the expression of c-JUN and MEF2C, which were important for cell proliferation and muscle development, respectively. The overexpression of c-JUN significantly promoted myoblast proliferation. Conversely, knockdown of c-JUN by siRNA suppressed myoblast proliferation. In addition, the knockdown of MEF2C by siRNA significantly inhibited myoblast differentiation. Altogether, these data not only suggested that the expression of miR-203 is transitory during chicken skeletal muscle development but also showed a novel role of miR-203 in inhibiting skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation by repressing c-JUN and MEF2C, respectively.
Fluvoxamine alleviates ER stress via induction of Sigma-1 receptor
Authors: Omi T , Tanimukai H , Kanayama D , Sakagami Y , Tagami S , Okochi M , Morihara T , Sato M , Yanagida K , Kitasyoji A , Hara H , Imaizumi K , Maurice T , Chevallier N , Marchal S , Takeda M , Kudo T 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe recently demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) expression through the PERK pathway, which is one of the cell’s responses to ER stress. In addition, it has been demonstrated that induction of Sig-1R can repress cell death signaling. Fluvoxamine (Flv) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) with a high affinity for Sig-1R. In the present study, we show that treatment of neuroblastoma cells with Flv induces Sig-1R expression by increasing ATF4 translation directly, through its own activation, without involvement of the PERK pathway. The Flv-mediated induction of Sig-1R prevents neuronal cell death resulting from ER stress. Moreover, Flv-induced ER stress resistance reduces the infarct area in mice after focal cerebral ischemia. Thus, Flv, which is used frequently in clinical practice, can alleviate ER stress. This suggests that Flv could be a feasible therapy for cerebral diseases caused by ER stress.
Functional and molecular defects of hiPSC-derived neurons from patients with ATM deficiency
Authors: Carlessi L , Poli E Fusar , Bechi G , Mantegazza M , Pascucci B , Narciso L , Dogliotti E , Sala C , Verpelli C , Lecis D , Delia D 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLoss of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, a key factor of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, causes the cancer predisposing and neurodegenerative syndrome ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). To investigate the mechanisms of neurodegeneration, we have reprogrammed fibroblasts from ATM-null A-T patients and normal controls to pluripotency (human-induced pluripotent stem cells), and derived from these neural precursor cells able to terminally differentiate into post-mitotic neurons positive to >90% for β-tubulin III+/microtubule-associated protein 2+. We show that A-T neurons display similar voltage-gated potassium and sodium currents and discharges of action potentials as control neurons, but defective expression of the maturation and synaptic markers SCG10, SYP and PSD95 (postsynaptic density protein 95). A-T neurons exhibited defective repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and repressed phosphorylation of ATM substrates (e.g., γH2AX, Smc1-S966, Kap1-S824, Chk2-T68, p53-S15), but normal repair of single-strand breaks, and normal short- and long-patch base excision repair activities. Moreover, A-T neurons were resistant to apoptosis induced by the genotoxic agents camptothecin and trabectedin, but as sensitive as controls to the oxidative agents. Most notably, A-T neurons exhibited abnormal accumulation of topoisomerase 1-DNA covalent complexes (Top1-ccs). These findings reveal that ATM deficiency impairs neuronal maturation, suppresses the response and repair of DNA DSBs, and enhances Top1-cc accumulation. Top1-cc could be a risk factor for neurodegeneration as they may interfere with transcription elongation and promote transcriptional decline.
A 3.8-V earth-abundant sodium battery electrode
Authors: Barpanda Prabeer , Oyama Gosuke , Nishimura Shin-ichi , Chung Sai-Cheong , Yamada Atsuo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRechargeable lithium batteries have ushered the wireless revolution over last two decades and are now matured to enable green automobiles. However, the growing concern on scarcity and large-scale applications of lithium resources have steered effort to realize sustainable sodium-ion batteries, Na and Fe being abundant and low-cost charge carrier and redox centre, respectively. However, their performance is limited owing to low operating voltage and sluggish kinetics. Here we report a hitherto-unknown material with entirely new composition and structure with the first alluaudite-type sulphate framework, Na2Fe2(SO4)3, registering the highest-ever Fe3+/Fe2+ redox potential at 3.8 V (versus Na, and hence 4.1 V versus Li) along with fast rate kinetics. Rare-metal-free Na-ion rechargeable battery system compatible with the present Li-ion battery is now in realistic scope without sacrificing high energy density and high power, and paves way for discovery of new earth-abundant sustainable cathodes for large-scale batteries.
Super-resolution imaging and tracking of protein–protein interactions in sub-diffraction cellular space
Authors: Liu Zhen , Xing Dong , Su Qian Peter , Zhu Yun , Zhang Jiamei , Kong Xinyu , Xue Boxin , Wang Sheng , Sun Hao , Tao Yile , Sun Yujie 
Published: July 2014

AbstractImaging the location and dynamics of individual interacting protein pairs is essential but often difficult because of the fluorescent background from other paired and non-paired molecules, particularly in the sub-diffraction cellular space. Here we develop a new method combining bimolecular fluorescence complementation and photoactivated localization microscopy for super-resolution imaging and single-molecule tracking of specific protein–protein interactions. The method is used to study the interaction of two abundant proteins, MreB and EF-Tu, in Escherichia coli cells. The super-resolution imaging shows interesting distribution and domain sizes of interacting MreB–EF-Tu pairs as a subpopulation of total EF-Tu. The single-molecule tracking of MreB, EF-Tu and MreB–EF-Tu pairs reveals intriguing localization-dependent heterogonous dynamics and provides valuable insights to understanding the roles of MreB–EF-Tu interactions.
Enhanced receptor–clathrin interactions induced by
N
-glycan–mediated membrane micropatterning
Authors: Torreno-Pina Juan A. , Castro Bruno M. , Manzo Carlo , Buschow Sonja I. , Cambi Alessandra , Garcia-Parajo Maria F. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Glycan-based interactions can organize the plasma membrane into specialized domains that perform unique functions. One of their major roles is to regulate the turnover of receptors on the cell membrane. However, there is no clear picture on how this occurs. In this work we visualize cell membrane micropatterning mediated by glycans using a combination of superresolution imaging techniques and dual-color single-particle tracking. We find that this micropatterning corrals the receptor dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) into clathrin active regions, thereby increasing clathrin–receptor interactions, and potentially influencing clathrin-mediated endocytosis of DC-SIGN-bound ligands. We also establish that clathrin–receptor encounters do not occur in a random fashion and further substantiate the dynamic and transient behavior of clathrin interactions with their cargo before successful internalization.
Time-Dependent Predictors of Loss to Follow-Up in a Large HIV Treatment Cohort in Nigeria
Authors: Meloni Seema Thakore , Chang Charlotte , Chaplin Beth , Rawizza Holly , Jolayemi Oluwatoyin , Banigbe Bolanle , Okonkwo Prosper , Kanki Phyllis 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground.  Most evaluations of loss to follow-up (LTFU) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment programs focus on baseline predictors, prior to antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. As risk of LTFU is a continuous issue, the aim of this evaluation was to augment existing information with further examination of time-dependent predictors of loss.Methods.  This was a retrospective evaluation of data collected between 2004 and 2012 by the Harvard School of Public Health and the AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria as part of PEPFAR-funded program in Nigeria. We used multivariate modeling methods to examine associations between CD4+ cell counts, viral load, and early adherence patterns with LTFU, defined as no refills collected for at least 2 months since the last scheduled appointment.Results.  Of 51 953 patients initiated on ART between 2004 and 2011, 14 626 (28%) were LTFU by 2012. Factors associated with increased risk for LTFU were young age, having nonincome-generating occupations or no education, being unmarried, World Health Organization (WHO) stage, having a detectable viral load, and lower CD4+ cell counts. In a subset analysis, adherence patterns during the first 3 months of ART were associated with risk of LTFU by month 12.Conclusions.  In settings with limited resources, early adherence patterns, as well as CD4+ cell counts and unsuppressed viral load, at any time point in treatment are predictive of loss and serve as effective markers for developing targeted interventions to reduce rates of attrition.
Rotation Curve Anomaly and Galactic Warp in M 51
Authors: Oikawa Shouta , Sofue Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We revisit the anomaly of rotation curve in the nearly face-on galaxy M 51 that shows an apparently faster decrease of rotation velocity than the Keplerian law in the outer disk, further showing apparent counter rotation in the outermost H i disk. We interpreted this anomaly as being due to warping of the galactic disk, and determined the warping structure of M 51's disk using the tilted-ring method, while assuming that the intrinsic rotation curve is normal. It has been shown that the disk is nearly flat in the inner disk at a constant inclination angle, but the disk suddenly bends at radius 7.5 kpc by about 27°. The inclination angle, then, decreases monotonically outward, reaching a perfect face-on ring at 18 kpc, beyond which the disk is warped in the opposite sense to the inner disk, resulting in apparent counter rotation.
Support workers’ mental health knowledge and confidence in relation to exposure, experience, work setting and training
Authors: Kilanska Ann , M. Priest Helena 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– Previous studies have shown that support workers often have difficulties in recognising mental health problems in service users with intellectual disabilities. In the context of improved UK training programmes, the purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that can predict support workers’ knowledge and confidence in this respect.

Design/methodology/approach
– In total, 80 support workers (40 residential and 40 community-based) completed a questionnaire about their length of work experience, exposure to service users with additional mental health needs, training, general and specific mental health knowledge, and confidence in working with mental health issues. It was hypothesised that length of work experience, extent of training, and level of exposure would predict knowledge about mental health problems, and also predict confidence in working with people with mental health problems. It was further predicted that residential support workers would be more knowledgeable and confident than community workers.

Findings
– Results showed that level of exposure could predict knowledge about schizophrenia, but not about depression, anxiety, or dementia, while length of experience could predict overall mental health knowledge and confidence. Extent of training could only predict knowledge about anxiety, and work setting (residential or community) had no effect to on knowledge or confidence. Implications for practice and training are discussed.

Originality/value
– In the context of improved UK training programmes, this study aimed to explore the factors that can predict support workers’ knowledge and confidence in this respect.
Complex Behaviour Service: enhanced model for challenging behaviour
Authors: Inchley-Mort Sophie , Rantell Khadija , Wahlich Charlotte , Hassiotis Angela 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) is thought to be an important model for working with people with intellectual disabilities who display behaviours challenging to service. The purpose of this paper is to explore clinical and service user outcomes associated with the delivery of PBS by a Complex Behaviour Service (CBS).

Design/methodology/approach
– Clinical outcomes of 24 service users treated by the CBS team were assessed at baseline, six and 12 months and compared with those of 22 peers who received usual care. The main outcome was reduction in challenging behaviour measured by the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (ABC). Secondary outcomes included measures of mental health needs, risk and social care supports.

Findings
– At six months improvements were seen across all ABC domains in both groups, with greater improvement in the CBS group, compared to usual care in irritability and stereotypy. Between group differences were maintained only for stereotypy at 12 months. No other differences were found.

Originality/value
– This paper suggests that PBS delivered by trained and dedicated staff may provide clinical benefits to individuals with challenging behaviours. However, there are issues around integration into existing services that need to be addressed in order to maximise efficiency.
Complex Behaviour Service: content analysis of stakeholder opinions
Authors: Inchley-Mort Sophie , Hassiotis Angela 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– Positive behaviour support has been positioned by current government policy as an important intervention for people with intellectual disabilities who display behaviours that challenge services. However, little is known about service user or carer opinions towards the use of this kind of model. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approach– Opinions and experiences of 25 carers and six service users were collected through semi-structured interview as part of the evaluation of an enhanced service, Complex Behaviour Service, based on positive behaviour support principles.Findings– Content analysis indicated that the service was seen as acceptable and useful and that positive experiences of the service linked to: frequency and availability of the service; talking about behaviour and being listened to; understanding, and change in, the service user, carer and behaviour.Originality/value– This adds to the small but growing literature on service user and carer opinions towards specific interventions and highlights themes that future services could consider in delivering evidence-based care.
Self-regulation and social interaction skills among children with autism across time
Authors: Barnard-Brak Lucy , Ivey-Hatz Julie , Kris Ward Angela , Wei Tianlan 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– In the current study, the purpose of this paper is to examine the self-regulation and social interaction skills of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as compared to children with intellectual disabilities (IDs) across time.

Design/methodology/approach
– Drawn from the Special Education Elementary Longitudinal Study (SEELS), our sample consisted of 1,016 children diagnosed with ASD and 597 children diagnosed with ID. The self-regulation and social interaction skills were measured using relevant subscales of the Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised across three time points evenly spaced at two years apart.

Findings
– Results revealed that children with ASD have significantly worse self-regulation (p<0.01, η2=0.12, Cohen's f=0.36) and social interaction skills (p<0.01, η2=0.05, Cohen's f=0.21) as compared to children with ID across time. The results of the current study support the results of Bieberich and Morgan (2004) that children with ASD have significantly worse self-regulation and social interaction skills as compared to children with ID across time.

Originality/value
– The paper suggests that our results may be considered as more generalizable given the utilization of data from the SEELS as a large, nationally representative, and community-based sample of children with disabilities across the USA examined longitudinally.
Perceived social support and work-family conflict
Authors: W. Rudolph Cort , S. Michel Jesse , B. Harari Michael , J. Stout Tyler 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– Despite the abundance of research on work social support and work-family conflict, the generalizability of these relationships to immigrant and non-immigrant Hispanics is still unknown. Based on role and cultural theories, the purpose of this paper is to provide an empirical examination of these relationships within this growing yet understudied population.Design/methodology/approach– Survey data were collected from a diverse sample of employed immigrant and non-immigrant Hispanics from a broad set of occupational groups within Miami, Florida (USA). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test hypotheses. Multi-group analyses were conducted to test for differences in model fit and parameter estimates between the immigrant and non-immigrant subgroups.Findings– The hypothesized model fit the data well, with a significant positive relationship between perceived organizational social support and perceived supervisor social support, a significant negative relationship between perceived organizational social support and work-to-family conflict, and a significant negative relationship between perceived supervisor social support and family-to-work conflict. Multi-group SEM, which offered acceptable model fit, suggests that perceived organizational social support is associated with reduced work-family conflict for immigrant but not for non-immigrant Hispanics, and perceived supervisor social support is associated with reduced work-family conflict for non-immigrant but not for immigrant Hispanics.Research limitations/implications– Cross-sectional data do not allow for strong causal interpretations.Practical implications– Perceived work social support is an important indicator of work-family conflict for both immigrant and non-immigrant Hispanics, although specific relationships can differ based on immigration status.Originality/value– Few studies have investigated differences in work-family conflict between non-immigrant and immigrant Hispanics.
Moderating effect of idiocentrism and allocentrism on person-organization person-job fit and work attitudes relationship
Authors: Aktaş Mert 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the moderating influence of idiocentrism and allocentrism on person-organization fit, person-job fit and work attitudes relationship.Design/methodology/approach– The survey data were collected from 426 employees of a holding company.Findings– The results reveal that allocentrism makes a difference in fitting the particular aspect of work environment for the individual. Results showed that allocentrism positively moderates person-organization fit and job satisfaction and organizational commitment and turnover relationship. However, no moderating influence of idiocentrism was found on person-organization fit and employee attitude relationship. Furthermore, it was also found that neither idiocentrism nor allocentrism moderated the relationship between the person-job fit and employee attitudes relationship.Originality/value– This research adds a cultural component to the person-environment fit research.