bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La zone euro écartelée
Authors: Antonin Céline , Blot Christophe , Le Bayon Sabine , Schweisguth Danielle 
Published: March 2014

Après six trimestres de baisse, la zone euro a renoué avec une croissance positive au deuxième trimestre 2013, le PIB progressant de 0,3 %. À l’exception du secteur de la construction, les enquêtes de conjoncture sont mieux orientées, confirmant le retour d’une croissance positive dans les prochains trimestres sur l’ensemble de la zone. La confiance des marchés est revenue, comme en témoigne la poursuite de la baisse des taux souverains en Espagne en Italie. Un mouvement de convergence semble d’ailleurs amorcé puisque dans le même temps les taux sur la dette souveraine allemande et française ont augmenté. Les risques de crise de liquidité dans la zone euro semblent aussi s’atténuer. Le guichet de la BCE reste ouvert et les demandes de refinancement diminuent progressivement. La crainte d’un éclatement de la zone euro étant écartée, les principales menaces qui pourraient contrarier le retour de la croissance dans la zone euro résident dans la poursuite de l’ajustement budgétaire. Pour autant, il est encore prématuré d’affirmer que la zone euro est sortie de la récession. La poursuite, même à un moindre rythme, de la consolidation conjuguée aux pressions à la baisse des salaires en lien avec le niveau élevé du chômage pèsera sur le pouvoir d’achat des ménages dans la plupart des pays. Il ne devrait donc pas y avoir de reprise par la consommation, en dehors du cas particulier de l’Allemagne. La croissance sera insuffisante pour combler l’écart de croissance qui s’est creusé et réduire les divergences qui sont apparues dans la zone euro. Les pressions déflationnistes dans les pays du sud de l’Europe restent fortes, ce qui contraint le pouvoir d’achat et la consommation des ménages, en particulier les agents les plus endettés qui doivent faire face à leurs échéances. Dans ces conditions, la zone euro restera écartelée entre une fraction de pays où la crise laisse peu de traces et une autre durablement affaiblie économiquement, financièrement et socialement.
France : moins d'austérité, plus de croissance
Authors: Heyer Éric , Cochard Marion , Ducoudré Bruno , Péléraux Hervé 
Published: March 2014

En 2013, l’économie française devrait croître de 0,2 % en moyenne annuelle, ce qui lui permettrait de retrouver en fin d’année le niveau de production atteint six ans plus tôt, fin 2007. Cette performance médiocre est très éloignée du chemin qu’aurait dû normalement emprunter une économie en sortie de crise. Cinq ans après le début de la crise, le potentiel de rebond de l’économie française est important. Mais cette « reprise » a été freinée principalement par les plans d’économies budgétaires en France et dans l’ensemble des pays européens. Pour la seule année 2013, cette stratégie budgétaire aura amputé de 2,4 points de PIB l’activité en France. La prise de conscience de l’existence de multiplicateurs budgétaires élevés a été tardive, une fois que l’expérience de l’austérité eût produit ses effets sur la croissance. En mai 2013, elle a poussé les autorités européennes à étaler l’effort en prolongeant le délai imparti pour la correction du déficit excessif de six pays de l’Union, dont la France. L’allègement des exigences de la Commission offre un ballon d’oxygène au gouvernement pour atténuer l’austérité en 2014. Selon le budget présenté à l’automne 2013, l’effet interne de l’austérité s’atténuerait de 0,5 point entre 2013 et 2014, et dans la mesure où nos partenaires relâcheraient également leur restriction, une amélioration de la demande adressée à la France est anticipée. Au total, c’est près d’un point de croissance qui serait regagné en 2014 par rapport à 2013 grâce à l’allègement de la rigueur. Dans ces conditions, la croissance devrait être de 1,3 % en 2014 en moyenne annuelle, rythme trop faible pour envisager une amélioration du marché du travail. Le taux de chômage en France métropolitaine augmenterait légèrement pour s’établir à 10,9 % fin 2014. Il s’élèverait à 11,4 % pour la France entière. La contrepartie à l’allègement de la rigueur est un déficit public plus élevé que celui qui avait été initialement programmé. Il devrait s’établir à 3,5 % du PIB en 2014 après avoir atteint 4,1 % en 2013.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Promotes Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Functional Migratory Properties in NOD Mice
Authors: Ferreira Gabriela B. , Gysemans Conny A. , Demengeot Jocelyne , da Cunha João Paulo M. C. M. , Vanherwegen An-Sofie , Overbergh Lut , Van Belle Tom L. , Pauwels Femke , Verstuyf Annemieke , Korf Hannelie , Mathieu Chantal 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], is able to promote the generation of tolerogenic mature dendritic cells (mDCs) with an impaired ability to activate autoreactive T cells. These cells could represent a reliable tool for the promotion or restoration of Ag-specific tolerance through vaccination strategies, for example in type 1 diabetes patients. However, successful transfer of 1,25(OH)2D3-treated mDCs (1,25D3-mDCs) depends on the capacity of 1,25(OH)2D3 to imprint a similar tolerogenic profile in cells derived from diabetes-prone donors as from diabetes-resistant donors. In this study, we examined the impact of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the function and phenotype of mDCs originating from healthy (C57BL/6) and diabetes-prone (NOD) mice. We show that 1,25(OH)2D3 is able to imprint a phenotypic tolerogenic profile on DCs derived from both mouse strains. Both NOD- and C57BL/6-derived 1,25D3-mDCs decreased the proliferation and activation of autoreactive T cells in vitro, despite strain differences in the regulation of cytokine/chemokine expression. In addition, 1,25D3-mDCs from diabetes-prone mice expanded CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and induced intracellular IL-10 production by T cells in vitro. Furthermore, 1,25D3-mDCs exhibited an intact functional migratory capacity in vivo that favors homing to the liver and pancreas of adult NOD mice. More importantly, when cotransferred with activated CD4+ T cells into NOD.SCID recipients, 1,25D3-mDCs potently dampened the proliferation of autoreactive donor T cells in the pancreatic draining lymph nodes. Altogether, these results argue for the potential of 1,25D3-mDCs to restore Ag-specific immune tolerance and arrest autoimmune disease progression in vivo.
Interplay between CXCR2 and BLT1 Facilitates Neutrophil Infiltration and Resultant Keratinocyte Activation in a Murine Model of Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis
Authors: Sumida Hayakazu , Yanagida Keisuke , Kita Yoshihiro , Abe Jun , Matsushima Kouji , Nakamura Motonao , Ishii Satoshi , Sato Shinichi , Shimizu Takao 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPsoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease with accelerated epidermal cell turnover. Neutrophil accumulation in the skin is one of the histological characteristics of psoriasis. However, the precise mechanism and role of neutrophil infiltration remain largely unknown. In this article, we show that orchestrated action of CXCR2 and leukotriene B4 receptor BLT1 plays a key role in neutrophil recruitment during the development of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic skin lesions in mice. Depletion of neutrophils with anti–Ly-6G Ab ameliorated the disease severity, along with reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the skin. Furthermore, CXCR2 and BLT1 coordinately promote neutrophil infiltration into the skin during the early phase of IMQ-induced inflammation. In vitro, CXCR2 ligands augment leukotriene B4 production by murine neutrophils, which, in turn, amplifies chemokine-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis via BLT1 in autocrine and/or paracrine manners. In agreement with the increased IL-19 expression in IMQ-treated mouse skin, IL-1β markedly upregulated expression of acanthosis-inducing cytokine IL-19 in human keratinocytes. We propose that coordination of chemokines, lipids, and cytokines with multiple positive feedback loops might drive the pathogenesis of psoriasis and, possibly, other inflammatory diseases as well. Interference to this positive feedback or its downstream effectors could be targets of novel anti-inflammatory treatment.
The use of Computer Guided Implant Surgery in Oral Rehabilitation: A Literature Review
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Bandéca Matheus Coelho , Mascarenhas Vinicius Ibiapina , Tavares Lívia Jacovassi , Mendes Lara Maria Ferreira 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe virtual planning of dental implants is a technology that brings many benefits to practitioners and patients who undergo a prosthetic rehabilitation. The cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) produces high-resolution images allowing to implant a breakthrough in preoperative planning, making planning more accurate. The virtually guided surgery is a surgery planned based computers in a 3D anatomical model of the patient and transferred to the surgical procedure through guides built especially for this purpose. The objective of this study is to report the current concepts in the literature on virtually guided surgery, emphasizing its applicability, indications and benefits in prosthetic rehabilitation with dental implants. Thus, it was concluded that the technique of guided surgery represents an advance in the field of implantology significantly decreasing errors, bringing good results postoperative and increasing predictability of the results, one technique suitable for various cases.How to cite this articleMascarenhas VI, de Molon RS, Tavares LJ, Mendes LMF, Tonetto MR, Bandeca MC. The use of Computer Guided Implant Surgery in Oral Rehabilitation: A Literature Review. World J Dent 2014;5(1):60-63.
Talons Cusp: A Report of Seven Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: Radhika MB , Paremala K , Sudhakara M , Soumya M 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Talon cusp is a well-delineated additional cusp which is located on the surface of an anterior tooth. Histologically it is composed of normal enamel, dentin and a pulp tissue. It is been classified into various types based on its extension and shape of the cusp. This anomaly generally poses problems for the patient in terms of esthetics, caries control and occlusal accommodation. Seven new cases of talon cusp with different clinical presentations are being presented along with approved diagnostic criteria.

How to cite this article
Radhika MB, Paremala K, Sudhakara M, Soumya M. Talons Cusp: A Report of Seven Cases and Review of Literature. World J Dent 2014;5(1):76-79.
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
Authors: Mahajan Nalini 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTART is proven of great help to all the infertile couples anxious to get pregnant, but is not free of side effects and complications. OHSS one of the most important complication especially in cases of PCOS. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a potentially fatal complication of ovarian stimulation. The incidence has been estimated at 3 to 6% for moderate and 0.1 to 2% for severe OHSS. The trigger for initiation of OHSS appears to be human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). In conception cycles symptoms may persist longer due to endogenous hCG stimulus. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a member of the transforming growth factor superfamily, has emerged as one of the factors most likely involved in the pathophysiology of OHSS. There are various risk factors which increases the risk of developing OHSS during the stimulation like PCOS, low body weight, previous history of OHSS, etc. Primary and secondary preventive measures are been tried to reduce the risk of developing OHSS. GnRHa trigger in patients at risk revealed that incidence OHSS was reduced or totally eliminated. Use of antagonist cycle with an agonist trigger and elective vitrification of all embryos allows us to aim for an ‘OHSS Free’ clinic today.How to cite this articleMahajan N. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome. Int J Infertility Fetal Med 2013;4(3):71-78.
Madrid en el siglo XXI. Transformaciones y retos de su realidad social. La Realidad Social de Madrid Vol. II
Authors: Pascual Mª del Pilar Gomiz 
Published: March 2014

Madrid en el siglo XXI. Transformaciones y retos de su realidad social es el título elegido por la Asociación Madrileña de Sociología (AMS) para el segundo volumen de lo que pretende ser una trilogía sobre la Realidad Social de Madrid. Tras el éxito del trabajo realizado con el primer volumen, Antonio Lucas Marín, Carmen Cortés Beltrán y Dolores Cáceres Zapatero, vuelven a coordinar un proyecto excelente donde se da un paso más al esfuerzo comenzado con la edición anterior por dar a conocer aspectos nuevos de la estructura social del Madrid del siglo XXI, aportando enfoques y matices que quedaron sin analizar entonces.
Le spectre épistocratique
Authors: Giroux Jessy 
Published: March 2014

J’aborde dans cet article un problème que je nomme le « spectre épistocratique ». Le problème se présente ainsi : s’il existe des vérités politiques, c’est-à-dire des positions politiques qui soient véritablement bonnes, ne devrait-on pas faire de l’atteinte de ces vérités politiques l’objectif central de notre système politique, ce qui pourrait nous conduire à limiter le pouvoir populaire afin de laisser les individus « éclairés » prendre toutes les décisions politiques ? J’explore différentes stratégies possibles afin de défendre la démocratie contre l’attrait d’une telle épistocratie, et je conclus que la meilleure stratégie consiste à souligner qu’une démocratie délibérative bien organisée démontre un potentiel épistémique supérieur à tout autre système politique. Je termine en montrant comment une telle conclusion parvient à nous informer sur le phénomène de la contestation politique.
Gravity waves generated by convection during TWP‐ICE: 2. High‐frequency gravity waves
Authors: Hankinson Mai C. N. , Reeder M. J. , Lane T. P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHigh‐frequency gravity waves are analyzed using radiosonde soundings taken during the Tropical Warm Pool‐International Cloud Experiment (TWP‐ICE). The intrinsic periods of these waves are estimated to be between 10 and 50 min. The high‐frequency wave activity in the stratosphere, defined by mass‐weighted variance of the vertical motion of the sonde, has a maximum following the afternoon local convection indicating that these waves are generated by local convection. The wave activity is the strongest in the lower stratosphere below 22 km and, during the suppressed monsoon period, is modulated with a 3–4 day period. The concentration of the wave activity in the lower stratosphere is consistent with the properties of the environment in which these waves propagate, whereas its 3–4 day modulation is explained by the variation of the convection activity in the TWP‐ICE domain. For shallow convection, the wave activity has a weak tendency to increase as the rainfall intensity increases. The wave activity associated with deep convection, which typically occurs at high rainfall intensities, is larger and has more spread than that associated with shallow convection.
Lateral inflows, stream‐groundwater exchange, and network geometry influence stream water composition
Authors: Mallard John , McGlynn Brian , Covino Tim 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe role of stream networks and their hydrologic interaction with hillslopes and shallow groundwater in modifying and transporting watershed signals is an area of active research. One of the primary ways that stream networks can modify watershed signals is through spatially variable stream gains and losses, described herein as hydrologic turnover. We measured hydrologic gain and loss at the reach scale using tracer experiments throughout the Bull Trout watershed in the Sawtooth Mountains of Idaho. We extended the results of reach scale experiments to the stream network using empirical relationships between (1) watershed area and stream discharge and (2) stream discharge and percent stream water loss to the groundwater system. We thus incorporate linkages between (1) hillslopes and stream networks via lateral inflows and (2) stream networks and shallow groundwater via hydrologic exchange. We implemented these relationships within a concise analytical framework to simulate hydrologic turnover across stream networks and estimate the variable influence exerted by upstream reaches and streamflow source locations on stream water composition across stream networks. Application to six natural Sawtooth watersheds and seven synthetic watersheds with varying topographic structure and stream network geometry indicated that contributions to discharge from any upstream source depend on the magnitude of the initial input, but also on the distribution of hydrologic turnover occurring along the stream network. The evolution of stream water source compositions along stream networks was unique in each watershed due to the combination of watershed structure and stream network geometry. Our results suggest that a distributed representation of hydrologic turnover at the stream network scale can improve understanding of how the stream network can modify source water compositions along the stream.
White House Budget Proposal Would Provide National Science Foundation With 1.2% Increase
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: March 2014

The proposed $7.255 billion budget request for the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) for fiscal year (FY) 2015, announced by the White House on 4 March, would increase funding just $83 million, 1.2% above the FY 2014 estimate (see Table 1). The budget for NSF's Directorate for Geosciences (GEO) would nudge up 0.1% to $1.304 billion, an increase of $1.36 million (see Table 2).
Investigation of the sources and evolution processes of severe haze pollution in Beijing in January 2013
Authors: Sun Yele , Jiang Qi , Wang Zifa , Fu Pingqing , Li Jie , Yang Ting , Yin Yan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractChina experienced severe haze pollution in January 2013. Here we have a detailed characterization of the sources and evolution mechanisms of this haze pollution with a focus on four haze episodes that occurred during 10–14 January in Beijing. The main source of data analyzed is from submicron aerosol measurements by an Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor. The average PM1 mass concentration during the four haze episodes ranged from 144 to 300 µg m−3, which was more than 10 times higher than that observed during clean periods. All submicron aerosol species showed substantial increases during haze episodes with sulfate being the largest. Secondary inorganic species played enhanced roles in the haze formation as suggested by their elevated contributions during haze episodes. Positive matrix factorization analysis resolved six organic aerosol (OA) factors including three primary OA (POA) factors from traffic, cooking, and coal combustion emissions, respectively, and three secondary OA (SOA) factors. Overall, SOA contributed 41–59% of OA with the rest being POA. Coal combustion OA (CCOA) was the largest primary source, on average accounting for 20–32% of OA, and showed the most significant enhancement during haze episodes. A regional SOA (RSOA) was resolved for the first time which showed a pronounced peak only during the record‐breaking haze episode (Ep3) on 12–13 January. The regional contributions estimated based on the steep evolution of air pollutants were found to play dominant roles for the formation of Ep3, on average accounting for 66% of PM1 during the peak of Ep3 with sulfate, CCOA, and RSOA being the largest fractions (> ~ 75%). Our results suggest that stagnant meteorological conditions, coal combustion, secondary production, and regional transport are four main factors driving the formation and evolution of haze pollution in Beijing during wintertime.
Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning to Identify Gout Flares From Electronic Clinical Notes
Authors: Zheng Chengyi , Rashid Nazia , Wu Yi‐Lin , Koblick River , Lin Antony T. , Levy Gerald D. , Cheetham T. Craig 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveGout flares are not well documented by diagnosis codes, making it difficult to conduct accurate database studies. We implemented a computer‐based method to automatically identify gout flares using natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) from electronic clinical notes.MethodsOf 16,519 patients, 1,264 and 1,192 clinical notes from 2 separate sets of 100 patients were selected as the training and evaluation data sets, respectively, which were reviewed by rheumatologists. We created separate NLP searches to capture different aspects of gout flares. For each note, the NLP search outputs became the ML system inputs, which provided the final classification decisions. The note‐level classifications were grouped into patient‐level gout flares. Our NLP+ML results were validated using a gold standard data set and compared with the claims‐based method used by prior literatures.ResultsFor 16,519 patients with a diagnosis of gout and a prescription for a urate‐lowering therapy, we identified 18,869 clinical notes as gout flare positive (sensitivity 82.1%, specificity 91.5%): 1,402 patients with ≥3 flares (sensitivity 93.5%, specificity 84.6%), 5,954 with 1 or 2 flares, and 9,163 with no flare (sensitivity 98.5%, specificity 96.4%). Our method identified more flare cases (18,869 versus 7,861) and patients with ≥3 flares (1,402 versus 516) when compared to the claims‐based method.ConclusionWe developed a computer‐based method (NLP and ML) to identify gout flares from the clinical notes. Our method was validated as an accurate tool for identifying gout flares with higher sensitivity and specificity compared to previous studies.
Sustainability of Rituximab Therapy in Different Treatment Strategies: Results of a 3‐Year Followup of a German Biologics Register
Authors: Richter Adrian , Strangfeld Anja , Herzer Peter , Wilden Elke , Bussmann Arnold , Listing Joachim , Zink Angela 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo compare the approved treatment of rheumatoid arthritis using rituximab + methotrexate (RTX + MTX) versus the off‐label treatment variants of RTX in monotherapy or RTX in combination with leflunomide (RTX + LEF).MethodsWe included RTX‐naive patients enrolled in the German biologics register RABBIT (Rheumatoid Arthritis: Observation of Biologic Therapy) between 2007 and 2012 (n = 907) who started treatment with RTX. Three treatment regimens (RTX + MTX, RTX + LEF, and RTX monotherapy) were analyzed regarding therapy discontinuation, dropout, RTX retreatment, and concomitant glucocorticoid therapy. Effectiveness was evaluated with linear mixed models.ResultsBaseline patient characteristics were similar across treatment regimens, except for poorer functional status and more comorbidities in RTX monotherapy. Average doses of glucocorticoids were lower in RTX + LEF compared to the 2 other groups. The frequency and timing of RTX retreatment (P > 0.62) as well as improvement in the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) over time (P > 0.15) were similar in all treatment regimens. Within the first 12 months of treatment, the DAS28 decreased by 1.5 units, and between months 12 and 36, by a further 0.4 unit equally in all groups. Nevertheless, therapy discontinuation and dropout were significantly increased on RTX monotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] 1.7 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.2–2.3]), and additionally when patients were rheumatoid factor negative (HR 1.5 [95% CI 1.0–2.1]).ConclusionIn patients who continue therapy, RTX + LEF, RTX monotherapy, and RTX + MTX seem to be equally effective. However, given the lower adherence rates on monotherapy, this treatment option is not sufficient for all patients. Since many patients are intolerant to MTX, more licensed RTX treatment options are needed.