bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the capability of high redshift kSZ measurement with galaxy surveys
Authors: Chen Ziyang , Zhang Pengjie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect has been detected at z < 1 using various
techniques and data sets. The ongoing and upcoming spectroscopic galaxy surveys such as DESI (Dark
Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) and PFS (Prime Focus Spectrograph) will push the detection beyond
z = 1, and therefore map the baryon distribution at high redshifts. Such detection can be
achieved by both the kSZ stacking and tomography methods. While the two methods are theoretically
equivalent, they differ significantly in the probed physics and scales, and required data
sets. Taking the combination of PFS and ACT (Atacama Cosmology Telescope) as an example, we build
mocks of kSZ and galaxies, quantify the kSZ detection S/N, and compare between the two methods.
We segment the PFS galaxies into three redshift bins: 0.6 < z < 1.0, 1.0 < z < 1.6, and 1.6 <
z < 2.4. For tomography method, our analysis reveals that the two higher redshift bins exhibit
significantly higher S/N ratios, with values of 32 and 28, respectively, compared to the first
redshift bin, which yielded an S/N of 8. This is attributed to not only the increasing of electron
density with redshifts, but also the larger survey volume and the reduced non-linearity,
facilitating velocity reconstruction at higher redshifts. Therefore, the capability of the PFS
survey to measure high redshift kSZ effect stands as a substantial advantage over other
spectroscopic surveys at lower redshift. The S/N of kSZ stacking largely depends on the number of
galaxy groups available from another photometric survey. But in general, its S/N is lower than
that of kSZ tomography, largely due to CMB instrument noise and error in galaxy group redshift.
Incorporating next-generation CMB surveys like CMB-S4, characterized by significantly reduced
instrument noise and improved angular resolution, is expected to enhance tomographic detection by
a factor of ten and stacking detection by fivefold. This future high S/N detection holds the
promise of not only providing precise constraints on the overall baryon abundance but also
initiating a new insight into baryon distribution.
Analytical proxy to families of numerical solutions: the case study of spherical mini-boson stars
Authors: Yang Jianzhi , Cunha Pedro V.P. , Herdeiro Carlos A.R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Einstein field equations, or generalizations thereof, are difficult to solve analytically. On the other hand, numerical solutions of the same equations have become increasingly common, in particular concerning compact objects. Whereas analytic approximations to each individual solution within a numerical family have been proposed, proxies for whole families are missing, which can facilitate studying properties across the parameter space, data compression and a wider usage of such solutions. In this work we tackle this need, proposing a simple strategy based on two different
expansions of the unknown functions in an appropriately chosen basis, to build such proxy. We use as an exploratory case-study spherical, fundamental mini-boson stars, to illustrate the feasibility of such an approach, emphasise its advantage in reducing the data size, and the challenges, say, in covering large parameter spaces.
Protecting coherence by weak measurement and quantum measurement reversal
Authors: Wang Qiong , He Zhi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The dynamic behavior of the relative entropy of coherence for a two-level system is systematically investigated in different regimes. We derive the exact expressions of relative entropy quantifying coherence for an exactly solving model consisting of single qubit interacting with independent structured reservoir, show explicitly that the weak measurement (WM) and quantum measurement reversal (QMR) operation indeed help for protecting the coherence. In addition, the freezing phenomenon of the coherence can be detected by using the optimal WM and QMR operation.
The study on 4D culture system of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue
Authors: Xing Yuhang , Wang Yuezhu , Wang Ruiqi , Sun Xiangyu , Min Zhang , Tian Weiming , Jing Guangping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Traditional cell culture methods often fail to accurately replicate the intricate microenvironments crucial for studying specific cell growth patterns. In our study, we developed a 4D cell culture model—a precision instrument comprising an electromagnet, a force transducer, and a cantilever bracket. The experimental setup involves placing a Petri dish above the electromagnet, where gel beads encapsulating magnetic nanoparticles and tongue cancer cells are positioned. In this model, a magnetic force is generated on the magnetic nanoparticles in the culture medium to drive the gel to move and deform when the magnet is energized, thereby exerting an external force on the cells. This setup can mimic the microenvironment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 cells under mechanical stress induced by tongue movements. Electron microscopy and rheological analysis were performed on the hydrogels to confirm the porosity of alginate and its favorable viscoelastic properties. Additionally, Calcein-AM/PI staining was conducted to verify the biosafety of the hydrogel culture system. It mimics the microenvironment where tongue squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 cells are stimulated by mechanical stress during tongue movement. Electron microscopy and rheological analysis experiments were conducted on hydrogels to assess the porosity of alginate and its viscoelastic properties. Calcein-AM/PI staining was performed to evaluate the biosafety of the hydrogel culture system. We confirmed that the proliferation of CAL-27 tongue squamous cells significantly increased with increased matrix stiffness after 5 d as assessed by MTT. After 15 d of incubation, the tumor spheroid diameter of the 1%-4D group was larger than that of the hydrogel-only culture. The Transwell assay demonstrated that mechanical stress stimulation and increased matrix stiffness could enhance cell aggressiveness. Flow cytometry experiments revealed a decrease in the number of cells in the resting or growth phase (G0/G1 phase), coupled with an increase in the proportion of cells in the preparation-for-division phase (G2/M phase). RT-PCR confirmed decreased expression levels of P53 and integrin β3 RNA in the 1%-4D group after 21 d of 4D culture, alongside significant increases in the expression levels of Kindlin-2 and integrin αv. Immunofluorescence assays confirmed that 4D culture enhances tissue oxygenation and diminishes nuclear aggregation of HIF-1α. This device mimics the microenvironment of tongue cancer cells under mechanical force and increased matrix hardness during tongue movement, faithfully reproducing cell growth in vivo, and offering a solid foundation for further research on the pathogenic matrix of tongue cancer and drug treatments.
Functional poly(e-caprolactone)/SerMA hybrid dressings with dimethyloxalylglycine-releasing property improve cutaneous wound healing
Authors: Wang Yajie , Li Xinyi , Wu Xinyue , Meng Fei , Li Ziming , Guo Wengeng , Gao Zhixian , Zhu Changjun , Peng Yuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Medical dressings with multifunctional properties, including potent regeneration capability and good biocompatibility, are increasingly needed in clinical practice. In this study, we reported a novel hybrid wound dressing (PCL/SerMA/DMOG) that combines electrospun PCL membranes with DMOG-loaded methacrylated sericin (SerMA) hydrogel. In such a design, DMOG molecules are released from the hybrid dressing in a sustained manner in vitro. A series of in vitro assays demonstrated that DMOG-loaded hybrid dressing has multiple biological functions, including promotion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells proliferation and migration, in vitro vascularization, and the generation of intracellular NO. When applied to the cutaneous wound, the PCL/SerMA/DMOG dressing significantly accelerated wound closure and tissue regeneration by promoting angiogenesis in the wound area, collagen deposition, and cell proliferation within the wound bed. These results highlight the potential clinical application of PCL/SerMA/DMOG hybrid dressings as promising alternatives for accelerating wound healing via improved biocompatibility and angiogenesis amelioration.
Production and Investigation of the 150 CC Engine Performance with Bioethanol from Manihot Esculenta Cassava and RON 92 Fuel Mixture
Authors: Setiyawan A , Faksi S , Fitriyana D F , Aryadi W , Naryanto R F , Darsono F B , Bahatmaka A , Kriswanto  , Rusiyanto  , Gumelar Syafei M. H. , Pratiwi I 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to determine bioethanol’s characteristics in the form of ethanol content, density, and pH, as well as the effect of a mixture of perlite and bioethanol fuel on torque, power, and the best composition. The approach used is quantitative, in the form of a true experimental design, namely the posttest-only control design, and uses descriptive data analysis methods from the results of testing for ethanol content, density, pH, torque, and power. The results of the ethanol characteristic test were 89.31% ethanol content, 0.7705 g/mL density, and pH 7.624. The average torque increases by 2.24% with an average power of 2.52% at 20% mix. The engine speed of 7.500 and 8.750 rpm increased maximum torque and power by 2.81% with a value of 14.32 Nm and 3.13% with a value of 11.83 kW at 20% mixture. Suggestions, improve the fermentation and distillation processes to increase the amount of bioethanol produced using the same raw materials and optimize the blending of bioethanol fuel in the engine, considering factors such as fuel availability, efficiency, and environmental impact.
Integrated optics: conventional Mach–Zehnder interferometer configuration versus loop terminated Mach–Zehnder interferometer configuration–a perspective
Authors: Butt Muhammad Ali 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the conventional Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) configuration and the loop-terminated MZI (LT-MZI) configuration, emphasizing their respective advantages and utilization in sensing applications. The conventional MZI, renowned for its simplicity and versatility, is contrasted with the LT-MZI, which incorporates a loop termination to enhance sensitivity and spectral performance. Through a detailed examination of design principles, operational mechanisms, and performance metrics, it is shown that the LT-MZI configuration offers superior sensitivity and improved interference pattern control, making it particularly suitable for high-precision sensing applications. This perspective provides valuable insights into the selection and optimization of MZI configurations for specific photonic sensing needs.
Optimization of polarization spectroscopy signal for laser-frequency stabilization
Authors: Bala Rajni , Ghosh Joyee , Venkataraman Vivek 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We experimentally generate polarization spectroscopy (error) signals corresponding to the D2-line hyperfine transitions,

F
g

=
2
→

F
e

=
1
,
2
,
3

of 87Rb, and

F
g

=
3
→

F
e

=
2
,
3
,
4

of 85Rb, and show that the strongest error signals correspond to the closed hyperfine transitions (oscillator strength

∼

0.7

),

F
g

=
2
→

F
e

=
3

and

F
g

=
3
→

F
e

=
4

, respectively. We make the generated error signal robust to fluctuations in external parameters by finding optimum values for the vapor cell temperature and pump-probe intensities at two different beam diameters. We further employ these optimized error signals to directly (without the need for frequency/phase modulation) lock the laser frequency—reducing the rms drift/linewidth from

∼

10

MHz to

<

500

kHz, when measured over a

∼

60

min duration. In addition, by comparing theoretically calculated and experimentally measured error signals for the pump intensities ranging from

∼

0.1

I

sat
0

−
10

I

sat
0

(where,

I

sat
0

∼
1.6

mW cm−2 is the two-level saturation intensity for the Rb D2-line transitions), we discuss the applicability and limitations of existing numerical and analytical approaches based on a full multi-level rate equation model for polarization spectroscopy.
Highly coherent mid-infrared wideband supercontinuum generation by a silica cladded silicon nitride core buried waveguide
Authors: Adhikary Somen , Ghosh Dipankar , Basu Mousumi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Optical waveguides with semiconductor cores are drawing considerable research interest in the domain of supercontinuum (SC) generation in recent times. In this work, we design a square-core silicon nitride buried waveguide with a silica-clad, aiming for a wideband spectrum generation in the mid-IR region when operated at the standard telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm. Among different such silicon nitride square-core buried waveguides, we propose a typical design with dimensions of 400 nm × 400 nm along its height and width, capable of producing a highly coherent broadband intensity spectrum ranging from 810 nm to 5441 nm after propagating through just a few millimeters of the waveguide. The group velocity dispersion maintains minimal value over a broad wavelength range in the mid-IR region, while the nonlinear coefficient is estimated to be sufficiently high. The nonlinear pulse propagation through such a waveguide leads to achieving an SC spanning over 2.76 octaves, sufficiently broader than previously reported silicon nitride-based waveguides. Furthermore, our calculations confirm the highly coherent nature of the generated SC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of SC generation maintaining a high degree of coherence over such a wide wavelength range in the mid-IR zone using a square-core silicon nitride buried waveguide.
Magnetoresistance in two-dimensional materials and van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Xin Na 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Magnetoresistance (MR) refers to the alteration in electrical resistance within a material when influenced by a magnetic field. Studying MR at the atomic level holds a significant interest both in fundamental research and practical applications. Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials and their heterostructures offer an unprecedented platform to investigate MR, thanks to the very broad range of properties and no requirement for lattice matching. Here, we review the various mechanisms of MR effect in 2D materials and their heterostructures, including tunneling MR, extremely large unsaturated MR, layer MR, and colossal MR, as well as explore their potential in device applications. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations and main challenges that still exist for the development of practical devices based on MR and provide our considerations towards real applications.
Relative molecular orientation can impact the onset of plasticity in molecular crystals
Authors: Grennan Hugh P , Burch Alexandra C , Bahr David F 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Creating or moving dislocations is the first step to dissipating mechanical energy via plastic deformation under contact loading. In molecular crystals there is both a lattice that defines crystal orientation and a relative orientation of the basis of the molecules. We define a normalization parameter which relates strain at yield, the hardness of the bulk crystal, and a distance parameter analogous to a Burgers vector that nominally predicts the relative ease of initiating plasticity in this broad class of materials. Analyzing the yield behavior of 10 different molecular crystals of varying space groups shows the inter-molecular orientation predicts the experimentally observed applied stress needed to nucleate dislocations. When molecules are oriented ‘parallel’ relative to one another the normalized maximum shear stress at the onset of plasticity is on the order of 3–5 times lower than when molecules within the crystal are ‘anti-parallel’, and molecules with a more equiaxed shape fall in between these bounds. This provides an initial indication of a structural feature which predicts the relative ease of initiating plasticity during contact loading in molecular crystals.
On the feasibility of detecting quantum delocalization effects on relativistic time dilation in optical clocks
Authors: Hu (胡杨林) Yanglin , Lock Maximilian P E , Woods Mischa P 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We derive the predicted time dilation of delocalized atomic clocks in an optical lattice setup in the presence of a gravitational field to leading order in quantum relativistic corrections. We investigate exotic quantum states of motion whose relativistic time dilation is outside of the realm of classical general relativity, finding a regime where

24

Mg

optical lattice clocks currently in development would comfortably be able to detect the special-relativistic contribution to the quantum effect (if the technical challenge of generating the necessary states can be met and the expected accuracy of such clocks can be attained). We find that the gravitational contribution, on the other hand, is negligible in this setup. We provide a detailed experimental protocol and analyse the effects of noise on our predictions. We also show that the magnitude of our predicted quantum time dilation effect remains just out of detectable reach for the current generation of

87

Sr

optical lattice clocks. Our calculations agree with the predicted time dilation of classical general relativity when restricting to Gaussian states.
Quantum-enhanced learning with a controllable bosonic variational sensor network
Authors: Liao Pengcheng , Zhang Bingzhi , Zhuang Quntao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe emergence of quantum sensor networks has presented opportunities for enhancing complex sensing tasks, while simultaneously introducing significant challenges in designing and analyzing quantum sensing protocols due to the intricate nature of entanglement and physical processes. Supervised learning assisted by an entangled sensor network (SLAEN) (Zhuang and Zhang 2019Phys. Rev.X9041023) represents a promising paradigm for automating sensor-network design through variational quantum machine learning. However, the original SLAEN, constrained by the Gaussian nature of quantum circuits, is limited to learning linearly separable data. Leveraging the universal quantum control available in cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments, we propose a generalized SLAEN capable of handling nonlinear data classification tasks. We establish a theoretical framework for physical-layer data classification to underpin our approach. Through training quantum probes and measurements, we uncover a threshold phenomenon in classification error across various tasks—when the energy of probes exceeds a certain threshold, the error drastically diminishes to zero, providing a significant improvement over the Gaussian SLAEN. Despite the non-Gaussian nature of the problem, we offer analytical insights into determining the threshold and residual error in the presence of noise. Our findings carry implications for radio-frequency photonic sensors and microwave dark matter haloscopes.
Public control of coal resources of the United States’ Powder River Basin for a managed decarbonization transition
Authors: Cha J Mijin , Grubert Emily 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The United States (US) has set aggressive targets for reaching a carbon pollution-free power sector by 2035 and a net-zero economy by 2050. Reaching these goals will require both rapid expansion of zero- and negative-carbon infrastructure and a phase-out of unabated fossil fuel infrastructure. New subsidy and regulatory actions focus on eliminating coal emissions at the point of consumption either through carbon capture and storage (CCS) or coal-fired power plant retirement. Yet, these pathways have opposite implications for coal production: CCS is coal intensive, while coal retirement is not. Despite a record of chaotic and harmful transition and significant social scientific research suggesting better outcomes from managed, coordinated decline, these mechanisms rely on uncoordinated private decision making by mine and plant owners. Coal mining has rapidly declined since peak production in 2008. Production has dropped by half; bankruptcies are the norm; and coal mine and power plant host communities have experienced highly disruptive decline as a result of this unmanaged transition. Given this history, we argue the current market-based, plant-driven governance approach could worsen transition challenges, including potentially stranding costly CCS investments. We argue that the US should complement its extensive investments in technology demonstrations with innovative governance demonstrations to facilitate a just energy transition. Specifically, we argue that the Powder River Basin, which is the US’ largest coal basin and consists primarily of federally leased coal, should be brought under public control for managed decline both to meet emissions reduction targets and advance a just energy transition.
Unsupervised underwater image enhancement with improved CycleGAN
Authors: An Yongli , Zhang Wenpeng , Ji Zhanlin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Due to the complexity of underwater environments, acquiring high-quality paired underwater images poses a significant challenge. Water’s absorption and scattering of light often result in images with low contrast, color deviations, and blurred details. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an improved unsupervised learning model based on CycleGAN. This model uses a two-part generator to separate content and style features from underwater images. The model integrates content and style features through a multi-scale fusion module, then uses a decoder to reconstruct them into clear images, enhancing image quality with style transfer techniques. Our experiments show that our algorithm performs better than other advanced models in terms of PSNR and SSIM indices, respectively. It can also produce good-quality enhanced images. Furthermore, feature point matching experiments were conducted to demonstrate the practicality of our model.
Mitigating rim bending in fused silica micro shell resonators by a chamfered mold
Authors: Yu Hoon , Kim Taeyun , Ju Seongmin , Kwon Tae-Yoon 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this work, we addressed the bending of a micro shell resonator’s rim toward the stem during glass-blowing process. This phenomenon occurs due to increased heat loss at the mold’s edge and reduced heat flux at the side of the Gaussian heat source. To mitigate rim bending and the subsequent reduction in capacitance between the rim and 3D electrodes, which can degrade performance in micro glass-blown shell resonators for gyroscopes, we propose two potential mold solutions, using short-stem mold and chamfered mold. To quantitatively compare resonators created by these two types of molds, we calculated the noise factor for predicting its gyroscope performance. From these calculations, we find out that using the chamfered mold enables us to increase in the resonator’s effective mass, eigenfrequency, angular gain, and quality factor, consequently reducing the noise factor compared to using the short-stem mold. We also demonstrated these results by manufacturing shell resonators and measuring its vibrational characteristics. After metalization of the glass shell resonator, Q factor and eigen frequency of n = 2 vibration mode along the primary (secondary) axis were measured to 622,466 ± 6,427 (619,793 ± 6,402) and 4,343 ± 40 Hz (4,350 ± 40 Hz), respectively. This simulation process will assist us in getting insight into understanding a shell resonator as a gyroscope, designing a mold and determining experimental conditions.