bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
G‐CSF Priming, clofarabine, and high dose cytarabine (GCLAC) for upfront treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, advanced myelodysplastic syndrome or advanced myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Becker Pamela S. , Medeiros Bruno C. , Stein Anthony S. , Othus Megan , Appelbaum Frederick R. , Forman Stephen J. , Scott Bart L. , Hendrie Paul C. , Gardner Kelda M. , Pagel John M. , Walter Roland B. , Parks Cynthia , Wood Brent L. , Abkowitz Janis L. , Estey Elihu H. 
Published: December 2014

Prior study of the combination of clofarabine and high dose cytarabine with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) priming (GCLAC) in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia resulted in a 46% rate of complete remission despite unfavorable risk cytogenetics. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that the remission rate and survival with GCLAC were superior to FLAG (fludarabine, cytarabine, G‐CSF) in the relapsed setting. We therefore initiated a study of the GCLAC regimen in the upfront setting in a multicenter trial. The objectives were to evaluate the rates of complete remission (CR), overall and relapse‐free survival (OS and RFS), and toxicity of GCLAC. Clofarabine was administered at 30 mg m−2 day−1 × 5 and cytarabine at 2 g m−2 day−1 × 5 after G‐CSF priming in 50 newly‐diagnosed patients ages 18–64 with AML or advanced myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or advanced myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Responses were assessed in the different cytogenetic risk groups and in patients with antecedent hematologic disorder. The overall CR rate was 76% (95% confidence interval [CI] 64–88%) and the CR + CRp (CR with incomplete platelet count recovery) was 82% (95% CI 71–93%). The CR rate was 100% for patients with favorable, 84% for those with intermediate, and 62% for those with unfavorable risk cytogenetics. For patients with an antecedent hematologic disorder (AHD), the CR rate was 65%, compared to 85% for those without an AHD. The 60 day mortality was 2%. Thus, front line GCLAC is a well‐tolerated, effective induction regimen for AML and advanced myelodysplastic or myeloproliferative disorders. Am. J. Hematol. 90:295–300, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Triarylamine‐Free Pyrenoimidazole‐Containing Organic Dyes with Different π‐Linkers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Kumar Dhirendra , Thomas K. R. Justin , Lee Chuan‐Pei , Ho Kuo‐Chuan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA series of arylamine‐free organic dyes that have a pyrenoimidazole donor, a cyanoacrylic acid acceptor, and different π‐linkers were synthesized and characterized by optical, electrochemical, and theoretical investigations. The nature of the π‐spacer exerts a significant effect on electronic properties of these dyes. The absorption maxima red‐shifts on progressive addition of thiophene units in the conjugation pathway. All the dyes displayed negative solvatochromism indicative of effective solvation of the dyes by polar solvents in the ground state. The oxidation potential of the dyes shifted negatively on introduction of electron rich spacer. TDDFT computations were also performed to explain the optical and electrochemical properties of the dyes. They were demonstrated as sensitizers in dye‐sensitized solar cells, the efficiency of which is promising.
The Phosphinoboration Reaction
Authors: Daley Erika N. , Vogels Christopher M. , Geier Stephen J. , Decken Andreas , Doherty Simon , Westcott Stephen A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of phosphinoboronate esters containing a single PB bond is reported, together with preliminary reactivity studies towards a range of organic substrates. These compounds add readily to aldehydes, ketones, aldimines, and α,β‐unsaturated enones to give primarily the corresponding 1,2‐addition products containing a new PC bond. The first examples of transition‐metal‐catalyzed phosphinoborations of C‐C multiple bonds in which PC and BC bonds are formed in a single step are also disclosed; allenes react by a highly regioselective 1,2‐addition whereas terminal alkynes undergo a formal 1,1‐addition.
Unraveling the Intrinsic Color of Chlorophyll
Authors: Milne Bruce F. , Toker Yoni , Rubio Angel , Nielsen Steen Brøndsted 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe exact color of light absorbed by chlorophyll (Chl) pigments, the light‐harvesters in photosynthesis, is tuned by the protein microenvironment, but without knowledge of the intrinsic color of Chl it remains unclear how large this effect is. Experimental first absorption energies of Chl a and b isolated in vacuo and tagged with quaternary ammonium cations are reported. The energies are largely insensitive to details of the tag structure, a finding supported by first‐principles calculations using time‐dependent density functional theory. Absorption is significantly blue‐shifted compared to that of Chl‐containing proteins (by 30–70 nm). A single red‐shifting perturbation, such as axial ligation or the protein medium, is insufficient to account even for the smallest shift; the largest requires pigment–pigment interactions.
Compression molding and melt‐spinning of the blends of poly(lactic acid) and poly(butylene succinate‐co‐adipate)
Authors: Pivsa‐Art Weraporn , Pivsa‐Art Sommai , Fujii Kazunori , Nomura Keiichiro , Ishimoto Kiyoaki , Aso Yuji , Yamane Hideki , Ohara Hitomi 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biobased polymer made from biomass having high mechanical properties for engineering materials applications. However, PLA has certain limited properties such as its brittleness and low heat distortion temperature. Thus, the aim of this study is to improve toughness of PLA by blending with poly(butylene succinate‐co‐adipate) (PBSA), the biodegradable polymer having high toughness. Polymer blends of PLA and PBSA were prepared using a twin screw extruder. The melt rheology and the thermal property of the blends were examined. Further the blends were fabricated into compression molded parts and melt‐spun fiber and were subjected to tensile and impact tests. When the PBSA content was low, PBSA phase was finely dispersed in the PLA matrix. On the other hand, when the PBSA content was high, this minor phase dispersed as a large droplet. Mechanical properties of the compression molded parts were affected by the dispersion state of PBSA minor component in PLA matrix. Impact strength of the compression molded parts was also improved by the addition of soft PBSA. The improvement was pronounced when the PBSA phase was finely dispersed in PLA matrix. However, the mechanical property of the blend fibers was affected by the postdrawing condition as well as the PBSA content. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41856.
Synthesis and performance of a novel nitrogen‐containing cyclic phosphate for intumescent flame retardant and its application in epoxy resin
Authors: You Geyun , Cheng Zhiquan , Peng Hao , He Hongwu 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTA novel nitrogen‐containing cyclic phosphate (NDP) was synthesized and well characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, mass spectra and elemental analysis. NDP was used as an additive intumescent flame retardant (AIFR) to impart flame retardancy and dripping resistance for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A epoxy resin (DGEBA) curied by 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) with different phosphorus content. The flammability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of NDP modified DGEBA/DDS thermosets were investigated by UL‐94 vertical burning test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Izod impact strength and flexural property tests. The results showed that NDP modified DGEBA/DDS thermosets exhibited excellent flame retardancy, moderate changes in glass transition temperature and thermal stability. When the phosphorus content reached only 1.5 wt %, the NDP modified DGEBA/DDS thermoset could result in satisfied flame retardancy (UL‐94, V‐0). The TGA curves under nitrogen and air atmosphere suggested that NDP had good ability of char formation, and there existed a distinct synergistic effect between phosphorus and nitrogen. The flame retardant mechanism was further realized by studying the structure and morphology of char residues using FT‐IR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It indicated that NDP as phosphorus‐nitrogen containing flame retardant worked by both of the condensed phase action and the vapor phase action. Additionally, the addition of NDP decreased slightly the flexural strength of the flame retarded DGEBA epoxy resins, and increased the Izod impact strength of these thermosets. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41859.
The Regioselective Homocoupling of meta‐Hydroxypyridines with Hypervalent Iodine(III)
Authors: Yang Ping Syun , Tsai Mi Ting , Tsai Meng Han , Ong Chi Wi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe CH homocoupling of meta‐hydroxypyridines with phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA) was carried out in dichloromethane at room temperature in the presence of cesium carbonate. The coupling reaction is highly regioselective with respect to the hydroxy group at the pyridine ring. Comparative control experiments with meta‐alkoxypyridine suggest that the meta‐hydroxy group at the pyridine ring plays a key role during the homocoupling reaction.
Comparison of primary and secondary breast cancers in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Sadler Claire , Goldfarb Melanie 
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUNDBreast cancer is one of the most common cancers in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients (ages 15‐39) and may develop de novo or in patients previously treated for cancer. This study compares the demographic, tumor, treatment characteristics, and overall survival (OS) of primary versus secondary (SMN) breast cancer in female AYAs.METHODSAll cases of invasive female AYA breast cancer in the 1998‐2010 American College of Surgeons National Cancer Database were divided into 2 cohorts according to primary or secondary occurrence. Comparisons using appropriate statistical methods were performed.RESULTSOf 106,771 patients, 6241 (5.8%) had experienced a prior, histologically distinct malignancy. Breast SMNs were more likely ER‐/PR‐ (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.15‐1.34), <1 cm (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.73‐1.99) tumors and present at a lower T, N (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.34‐1.52), and summary stage but with more distant metastases (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.21‐1.67) compared with primary cancers. Adjusted by stage, SMN patients underwent more total mastectomies and received less chemotherapy, radiation, and hormonal therapy. However, SMN patients received definitive surgical treatment almost twice as fast compared with primary cancers (36.12 vs 67.26 days, P < .001). Patients with SMNs had a significantly decreased 3‐year OS (79% vs 88.5%, P < .001), with SMN status an independent risk factor for increased mortality (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.41‐1.77).CONCLUSIONSNonprimary breast cancer in AYAs has different tumor characteristics, presents at a lower stage, and receives less adjuvant therapy than primary cancers. SMN status is an independent risk factor for decreased OS, with an almost 10% decrease at 3 years. Whether the outcome disparity results from previous cancer treatment or differences in biology, environment, or access to care needs further investigation. Cancer 2015;121:1295–1302. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Cortical and thalamic projections to cytoarchitectural areas 6Va and 8C of the marmoset monkey: Connectionally distinct subdivisions of the lateral premotor cortex
Authors: Burman Kathleen J. , Bakola Sophia , Richardson Karyn E. , Yu Hsin‐Hao , Reser David H. , Rosa Marcello G.P. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTWe studied the afferent connections of two cytoarchitectural subdivisions of the caudolateral frontal cortex, areas 6Va and 8C, in marmoset monkeys. These areas received connections from the same set of thalamic nuclei, including main inputs from the ventral lateral and ventral anterior complexes, but differed in their patterns of corticocortical connections. Areas 8C and 6Va had reciprocal interconnections, and received similar proportions of afferents from premotor areas 6M and 6DC, and from the prefrontal cortex. However, area 8C received stronger inputs from frontal areas that have been implicated in oculomotor functions, whereas area 6Va received stronger projections from the primary motor area. Somatosensory projections to area 6Va were generally stronger than those to area 8C, and originated from several areas; in contrast, only the second somatosensory area (S2) sent major inputs to area 8C. Finally, although both 6Va and 8C received major inputs from the rostral posterior parietal cortex (putative homologs of areas PE, PF, and PFG), area 8C also received a variety of smaller connections from posterior midline, caudal posterior parietal, and extrastriate areas. Statistical analyses revealed that the pattern of connections of area 8C is more akin to that characterizing a premotor area, rather than a prefrontal area. We conclude that cytoarchitectural area 6Va in the marmoset is similar to ventral premotor areas identified in other simian primates, and that area 8C corresponds to a specialized subdivision of the caudal premotor complex where visual information for the guidance of movements is likely to be emphasized. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1222–1247, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topographic organization and possible function of the posterior optic tubercles in the brain of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria
Authors: Beetz M. Jerome , el Jundi Basil , Heinze Stanley , Homberg Uwe 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTMigrating desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria, are able to use the skylight polarization pattern for navigation. They detect polarized light with a specialized dorsal rim area in their compound eye. After multistage processing, polarization signals are transferred to the central complex, a midline‐spanning brain area involved in locomotor control. Polarization‐sensitive tangential neurons (TB‐neurons) of the protocerebral bridge, a part of the central complex, give rise to a topographic arrangement of preferred polarization angles in the bridge, suggesting that the central complex acts as an internal sky compass. TB‐neurons connect the protocerebral bridge with two adjacent brain areas, the posterior optic tubercles. To analyze the polarotopic organization of the central complex further, we investigated the number and morphologies of TB‐neurons and the presence and colocalization of three neuroactive substances in these neurons. Triple immunostaining with antisera against Diploptera punctata allatostatin (Dip‐AST), Manduca sexta allatotropin (Mas‐AT), and serotonin (5HT) raised in the same host species revealed three spatially distinct TB‐neuron clusters, each consisting of 10 neurons per hemisphere: cluster 1 and 3 showed Dip‐AST/5HT immunostaining, whereas cluster 2 showed Dip‐AST/Mas‐AT immunostaining. Five subtypes of TB‐neuron could be distinguished based on ramification patterns. Corresponding to ramification domains in the protocerebral bridge, the neurons invaded distinct but overlapping layers within the posterior optic tubercle. Similarly, neurons interconnecting the tubercles of the two hemispheres also targeted distinct layers of these neuropils. From these data we propose a neuronal circuit that may be suited to stabilize the internal sky compass in the central complex of the locust. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1589–1607, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gas‐Phase Infrared Spectra of Three Compounds of Astrochemical Interest: Vinyl, Allenyl, and Propargyl Isocyanides
Authors: Benidar Abdessamad , Bégué Didier , Richter Falk , Pouchan Claude , Lahcini Mohammed , Guillemin Jean‐Claude 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIsocyanides, isomers of the cyanides detected in the interstellar medium, are also possible components of this medium. The infrared spectra (5000–500 cm−1) of gaseous vinyl isocyanide, allenyl isocyanide, and propargyl isocyanide have been recorded at 0.1 cm−1 resolution. When prepared on a gram scale to produce a partial pressure of 10 mbar after evaporation in the cell, these three isocyanides, which have previously been reported to be kinetically unstable, do not display any sign of decomposition when recording the spectra. Geometry optimizations and harmonic and anharmonic vibrational frequencies were calculated using the LCCSD(T) method with the cc‐pVTZ basis set. Anharmonic frequencies of fundamental, overtone, and combination transitions were calculated using a variational approach implemented in the P Anhar.v2.0 code, to assign the experimental data for each compound. These results improve our knowledge of these under‐investigated compounds and pave the way for other physicochemical studies on functionalized isocyanides.
Comparison of outcomes after hospitalization for worsening heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke in patients with heart failure and reduced and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Kristensen Søren L. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Køber Lars , Preiss David , Kjekshus John , McKelvie Robert S. , Zile Michael R. , Anand Inder S. , Wikstrand John , Wedel Hans , Komajda Michel , Carson Peter E. , Cleland John G.F. , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimsTo investigate the prognostic significance of hospitalization for worsening heart failure (WHF), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke in patients with chronic heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsWe studied 5011 patients with HF and reduced EF (HF‐REF) in the CORONA trial and 4128 patients with HF and preserved EF (HF‐PEF) in the I‐Preserve trial. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for death were estimated for 0–30 days and ≥31 days after first post‐randomization WHF, MI, or stroke used as a time‐dependent variable, compared with patients with none of these events. In CORONA, 1616 patients (32%) had post‐randomization first events (1223 WHF, 216 MI, 177 stroke), and the adjusted HR for mortality ≤30 days after an event was: WHF 7.21 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.05–25.40], MI 23.08 (95% CI 6.44–82.71), and stroke 32.15 (95% CI 8.93–115.83). The HR for mortality at >30 days was: WHF 3.62 (95% CI 3.11–4.21), MI 4.41 (95% CI 3.23–6.02), and stroke 3.19 (95% CI 2.21–4.61). In I‐Preserve, 896 patients (22%) experienced a post‐randomization event (638 WHF, 111 MI, 147 stroke). The HR for mortality ≤30 days was WHF 31.77 (95% CI 7.60–132.81), MI 154.77 (95% CI 34.21–700.17), and stroke 223.30 (95% CI 51.42–969.78); for >30 days it was WHF 3.36 (95% CI 2.79–4.05), MI 3.29 (95% CI 2.14–5.06), and stroke 5.13 (95% CI 3.61–7.29).ConclusionsIn patients with both HF‐REF and HF‐PEF, hospitalization for WHF was associated with high early and late mortality. The early relative risk of death was not as great as following MI or stroke, but the longer term relative risk of death was similar following all three types of event. Numerically, more deaths occurred following WHF because it was a much more common event.
Reduced inotropic reserve is predictive of further degradation in left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Goudot François‐Xavier , Wahbi Karim , Aïssou Linda , Sorbets Emmanuel , Siam‐Tsieu Valérie , Eymard Bruno , Themar Noel Christine , Devaux Jean‐Yves , Dessault Odile , Duboc Denis , Meune Christophe 
Published: December 2014

AimsDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an inherited X‐linked muscular disease, is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy that is responsible for death in 40% of patients. Our objective was to determine whether inotropic reserve is predictive of LV trend over time.Methods and resultsA total of 69 DMD patients (age 12.2 ± 2.3 years) were investigated. At baseline, LVEF and the presence of inotropic reserve (defined as an increase in LVEF >10% during dobutamine infusion) were investigated using radionuclide ventriculography. During follow‐up (FU), LVEF was remeasured after a mean 29 ± 19 months delay. In the whole population, mean LVEF was 58 ± 8% at baseline and declined to 54 ± 11% during FU (P = 0.004). At baseline, 21 patients (30.4%) had LVEF <55% and 38 had no LV inotropic reserve. LVEF declined in the 38 patients (55.1%) without LV inotropic reserve (58 ± 8% to 52 ± 10%, P = 0.001), and not in the other patients (58 ± 8% to 57 ± 11%, P = 0.516) (P = 0.042 for trends in LVEF between groups after adjustment for age, FU duration, and baseline LVEF). Fewer patients with vs. without inotropropic reserve at baseline show a depressed LVEF <55% during follow‐up (35.5% vs. 63.2%, respectively, P = 0.030). Similar findings were observed in the subgroups of patients with LVEF >45% or 55% at baseline.ConclusionInotropic reserve assessment allows the distinction of DMD patients who will vs. those who will not show a deterioration in LVEF, thus offering a sensitive approach for delineating the presence and progression of cardiovascular disease in these patients.
Volatile yields and solid grindability after torrefaction of various biomass types
Authors: Commandré J.M. , Leboeuf A. 
Published: December 2014

Raw biomass grinding is a highly energy‐intensive step due to the fibrous structure of the material. Torrefaction, which enables the partial destruction of this fibrous structure through mild thermal treatment, appears as an attractive option. In this work, a complete quantification of species released during torrefaction was performed on four various biomass types: softwood, a perennial crop, an agricultural residue, and a short rotation coppice. A specially designed fixed‐bed reactor was used to characterize the different products released during torrefaction under controlled conditions. The mass balance was evaluated by quantification of the biomass weight loss and species released. For each sample of torrefied biomass, weight loss, a proximate analysis, and lower heating value were quantified, and detailed mass balances including an analysis of condensable species were performed. The results showed that, under the explored torrefaction conditions, the nature of the feedstock had a significant effect on solid weight loss and compositions, and on the yields of volatile and condensable species.A specific grinding protocol was used to evaluate torrefied biomass grindability. The grindability of torrefied biomass was significantly improved compared to raw biomass, but this tendency was less marked in the case of the agricultural residue than for the other biomasses. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1180–1186, 2015
The interactive toxicity of cadmium, copper, and zinc to Ceriodaphnia dubia and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Naddy Rami B. , Cohen Adam S. , Stubblefield William A. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Traditionally, aquatic toxicity studies examine the toxicity of a single chemical to an organism. Organisms in nature, however, may be exposed to multiple toxicants. Given this is a more realistic exposure scenario in situ, the authors sought to understand the interactive toxicity of multiple metals to aquatic organisms. The authors performed a series of studies using equitoxic mixtures of cadmium, copper, and zinc to 2 aquatic organisms, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the waterflea, Ceriodaphnia dubia. Single metal toxicity tests were conducted to determine the acute median lethal concentration (LC50) values for O. mykiss and short-term, chronic median effective concentration (EC50) values for C. dubia. All 3 metals were then combined in equitoxic concentrations for subsequent mixture studies using a toxic unit (TU) approach (i.e., 1 TU = EC50 or LC50). For C. dubia, the mixture study showed greater-than-additive effects in hard water (TU-based EC50 = 0.74 TU), but less-than-additive effects in soft water (TU-based EC50 = 1.93 TU). The mixture effects for O. mykiss showed less-than-additive effects in both hard and soft waters, with TU-based LC50 values of 2.33 total TU and 2.22 total TU, respectively. These data are useful in helping understand metal mixture toxicity in aquatic systems and indicate that although in most situations the assumption of additivity of metal mixture toxicity is valid, under certain conditions it may not be sufficiently protective. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:809–815. © 2014 SETAC