bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between parental well‐being and preschooler stress measured as hair cortisol concentration: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Kang Yun‐Shiang , Chien Ling‐Chu , Huang Jian‐Pei , Fan Yen‐Tzu , Lin Wen‐Yi , Chakranon Pairote , Au Heng‐Kien , Chen Yi‐Yung , Chao Hsing Jasmine , Kim Pilyoung , Chen Yi‐Hua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a valuable biomarker for evaluating chronic stress in preschoolers. However, few studies have explored early life HCC and its associated factors. This prospective cohort study analysed the HCC in children aged 6–48 months and its associations with parental HCC as well as positive and negative parental mental health outcomes. We used data from the ongoing Longitudinal Examination Across Prenatal and Postpartum Health in Taiwan (LEAPP‐HIT) project, conducted in Taipei between 2020 and 2024. Hair samples were collected from both parents and children in 177 families (91 samples obtained during pregnancy and 86 during the postpartum period). The parents also completed self‐reported questionnaires. Multiple linear regression was conducted to analyse the data. We observed a significant positive correlation between parents' and preschoolers' HCC. Furthermore, maternal depression (adjusted beta coefficient [aβ] = 0.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02, 0.16) and perceived stress (aβ = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.26) were positively associated with preschoolers' HCC. By contrast, higher maternal eudaimonia was associated with lower HCC in preschoolers (aβ = −0.11, 95% CI = −0.20, −0.01). For parents, maternal depression, anxiety, and perceived stress were independently associated with an increased HCC during the postnatal period, whereas maternal eudaimonia was negatively associated with HCC. Our results indicate that both mothers and fathers affect children's responses to stress. Assessment of cortisol stress hormone concentrations through hair samples can be a key means of detecting preschoolers' stress levels and enabling early intervention.
Assessing hazing prevention programs for learning
Authors: Davis Kimberly Rogers , Simeon Akeya , Sutton Emily Anne Pride 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs institutions implement more comprehensive hazing prevention efforts, assessment is a necessary strategy for ensuring that programs and services for students are achieving their intended outcomes, especially as hazing behaviors change and evolve. Using a multi‐stage student learning and development outcomes cycle, this article outlines steps to assess student learning gained from hazing prevention programs, describes assessment strategies, and provides practice recommendations.
Enhancing flexibility and durability of PVC with liquid epoxidized natural rubber: Innovative UV treatment to mitigate plasticizer migration
Authors: Liew Jin Jing , Yusof Nurul Hayati , Ang Desmond Teck‐Chye 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis manuscript elucidates the preparation and utilization of liquid epoxidized natural rubber (LENR) with 50 mol% epoxidation level (LENR50) as a polymeric plasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and further immobilization of the plasticizer in the plastic matrix through subsequent ultraviolet (UV)‐curing treatment. The plasticizing effect induced by LENR50 at 50 wt% loading was evident with a reduction of Tg from a high of 72.0 to 11.4°C. Positive enhancements were also documented in the mechanical properties of the LENR50‐plasticized PVC, specifically the big improvement in elongation at break and elastic modulus, from 106% to 430%, and from 646 to 7 MPa, respectively. The UV‐treated PVC/LENR film also exhibited superior resistance to migration compared with formulations with conventional plasticizers such as di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and triethyl‐2‐acetyl citrate (ATEC). A similar outcome was recorded in the leaching resistance test, where LENR50 had the best resistance to leaching in four different solvents (water, soap solution, ethanol, and toluene). The LENR50‐plasticized PVC film recorded the lowest weight loss following 24 h immersion in both hydrophilic and lipophilic solvents. The findings from this study suggest that LENR50 could serve as an efficient bio‐based polymeric plasticizer for PVC.Highlights
LENR as bio‐based polymeric plasticizer for PVC.
Significant reduction in Tg and elastic modulus of PVC plasticized with LENR.
UV treatment improved tensile strength and elongation at break of LENR/PVC film.
UV‐treated PVC/LENR has superior plasticizer migration and leaching resistance.
Sulfated cellulose nanocrystal isolated from waste cotton fabrics by deep eutectic solvent and its application in polymer nanocomposite films
Authors: Zhao Lebin , Zhang Yutong , Pan Yu , Dong Chaohong , Huang Xiujuan , Zhang Gangqiang , Zhang Kaitao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe growing utilization of textiles raises concerns about the ecological hazards of textile production methods and discarded textiles. The recycling and reusing of waste cotton materials align with the sustainable development of society. In this study, sulfated cellulose was synthesized by sulfating waste cotton using a deep eutectic solvent (DES). After nanofibrillation with ultrasonication, sulfated cellulose nanocrystal (SCNC) with an average width of 10.83 nm and an average length of 129.40 nm was produced. The thermal properties of the synthesized SCNC were significantly enhanced compared to the pristine cellulose, with a notable reduction of 87.1% in the peak heat release rate, as well as an 86.6% reduction in the total heat release. Additionally, when utilized as a reinforcement in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films, SCNC demonstrated a substantial rise in yield strength (from 62.3 to 94.8 MPa) and Young's modulus (from 2.7 to 4.4 GPa) of the PVA films. Furthermore, the incorporation of SCNC into composites increased the thermal stability while maintaining the high transparency (with light transmission higher than 84%), which has good potential for application in the electronic packaging field.Highlights
SCNC were successfully prepared from waste cotton using DES.
Extracted SCNC were characterized using TEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA and MCC.
SCNC enhanced the yield strength and thermal stability of PVA composites.
Transparent and mechanically robust PVA‐based nanocomposites were created.
Cyclase-associated protein (CAP) inhibits inverted formin 2 (INF2) to induce dendritic spine maturation
Authors: Schuldt Cara , Khudayberdiev Sharof , Chandra Ben-David , Linne Uwe , Rust Marco B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe morphology of dendritic spines, the postsynaptic compartment of most excitatory synapses, decisively modulates the function of neuronal circuits as also evident from human brain disorders associated with altered spine density or morphology. Actin filaments (F-actin) form the backbone of spines, and a number of actin-binding proteins (ABP) have been implicated in shaping the cytoskeleton in mature spines. Instead, only little is known about the mechanisms that control the reorganization from unbranched F-actin of immature spines to the complex, highly branched cytoskeleton of mature spines. Here, we demonstrate impaired spine maturation in hippocampal neurons upon genetic inactivation of cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) and CAP2, but not of CAP1 or CAP2 alone. We found a similar spine maturation defect upon overactivation of inverted formin 2 (INF2), a nucleator of unbranched F-actin with hitherto unknown synaptic function. While INF2 overactivation failed in altering spine density or morphology in CAP-deficient neurons, INF2 inactivation largely rescued their spine defects. From our data we conclude that CAPs inhibit INF2 to induce spine maturation. Since we previously showed that CAPs promote cofilin1-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling in mature spines, we identified them as a molecular switch that control transition from filopodia-like to mature spines.
Exact hydrodynamic manifolds for the linear Boltzmann BGK equation I: spectral theory
Authors: Kogelbauer Florian , Karlin Ilya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe perform a complete spectral analysis of the linear three-dimensional Boltzmann BGK operator resulting in an explicit transcendental equation for the eigenvalues. Using the theory of finite-rank perturbations, we confirm the existence of a critical wave number$$k_{\textrm{crit}}$$kcritwhich limits the number of hydrodynamic modes in the frequency space. This implies that there are only finitely many isolated eigenvalues above the essential spectrum at each wave number, thus showing the existence of a finite-dimensional, well-separated linear hydrodynamic manifold as a combination of invariant eigenspaces. The obtained results can serve as a benchmark for validating approximate theories of hydrodynamic closures and moment methods and provides the basis for the spectral closure operator.
Speed and efficiency: evaluating pulmonary nodule detection with AI-enhanced 3D gradient echo imaging
Authors: Ziegelmayer Sebastian , Marka Alexander W. , Strenzke Maximilian , Lemke Tristan , Rosenkranz Hannah , Scherer Bernadette , Huber Thomas , Weiss Kilian , Makowski Marcus R. , Karampinos Dimitrios C. , Graf Markus , Gawlitza Joshua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Evaluating the diagnostic feasibility of accelerated pulmonary MR imaging for detection and characterisation of pulmonary nodules with artificial intelligence-aided compressed sensing.

Materials and methods
In this prospective trial, patients with benign and malignant lung nodules admitted between December 2021 and December 2022 underwent chest CT and pulmonary MRI. Pulmonary MRI used a respiratory-gated 3D gradient echo sequence, accelerated with a combination of parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and deep learning image reconstruction with three different acceleration factors (CS-AI-7, CS-AI-10, and CS-AI-15). Two readers evaluated image quality (5-point Likert scale), nodule detection and characterisation (size and morphology) of all sequences compared to CT in a blinded setting. Reader agreement was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
Thirty-seven patients with 64 pulmonary nodules (solid n = 57 [3–107 mm] part-solid n = 6 [ground glass/solid 8 mm/4–28 mm/16 mm] ground glass nodule n = 1 [20 mm]) were analysed. Nominal scan times were CS-AI-7 3:53 min; CS-AI-10 2:34 min; CS-AI-15 1:50 min. CS-AI-7 showed higher image quality, while quality remained diagnostic even for CS-AI-15. Detection rates of pulmonary nodules were 100%, 98.4%, and 96.8% for CS-AI factors 7, 10, and 15, respectively. Nodule morphology was best at the lowest acceleration and was inferior to CT in only 5% of cases, compared to 10% for CS-AI-10 and 23% for CS-AI-15. The nodule size was comparable for all sequences and deviated on average < 1 mm from the CT size.

Conclusion
The combination of compressed sensing and AI enables a substantial reduction in the scan time of lung MRI while maintaining a high detection rate of pulmonary nodules.

Clinical relevance statement
Incorporating compressed sensing and AI in pulmonary MRI achieves significant time savings without compromising nodule detection or characteristics. This advancement holds clinical promise, enhancing efficiency in lung cancer screening without sacrificing diagnostic quality.

Key Points

Lung cancer screening by MRI may be possible but would benefit from scan time optimisation.

Significant scan time reduction, high detection rates, and preserved nodule characteristics were achieved across different acceleration factors.

Integrating compressed sensing and AI in pulmonary MRI offers efficient lung cancer screening without compromising diagnostic quality.
Effect of medial stabilizer chest position on pectus bar dislocation
Authors: Melhado Caroline , Highet Alexandra , Mukherjee Neal , Ozgediz Doruk , Idowu Olajire , Kim Sunghoon 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The current standard method for pectus excavatum (PE) repair is the Nuss procedure. One major postoperative complication is the displacement of the implanted metal bar, which is used to remodel the chest wall. Blocking the possible ways that the bar can be displaced with the use of stabilizers and peri/intracostal sutures has reduced the incidence of bar displacement. Despite the modifications, bar dislocation is often reported. We adopted the medial position stabilizer placement method and imposed no postoperative restrictions. In this study, we analyzed the bar dislocation rate with this modification and concurrent postoperative full activity.

Methods
Nuss procedure modification where stabilizers are placed bilaterally in the medial location was done on patients irrespective of age and Haller index greater than 3.25. A single bar was used for all patients. Cryoanalgesia was performed on every patient. No postoperative restrictions were imposed on the patients. Full immediate activities, including sports, were allowed.

Results
114 patients (103 male, 11 female) were analyzed from 2016 to 2023. The median age was 15 years old. There was zero incidence of bar displacement. The combined incidence of other postoperative complications was 4%: 2 wound infections and 2 hematoma formations, both needing incision and drainage.

Conclusion
Bilateral medial stabilizer placement resulted in no incidence of bar dislocation. Return to immediate full activities after the Nuss procedure did not appear to increase the incidence of bar displacement if stabilizers were placed medially.
Training with reduced carbohydrate availability affects markers of bone resorption and formation in male academy soccer players from the English Premier League
Authors: Stables Reuben , Anderson Liam , Sale Craig , Hannon Marcus P. , Dunn Rachel , Tang Jonathan C. Y. , Fraser William D. , Costello Nessan B. , Close Graeme L. , Morton James P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To test the hypothesis that training with reduced carbohydrate (CHO) availability increases bone resorption in adolescent soccer players.

Methods
In a randomised crossover design, ten male players (age: 17.4 ± 0.8 years) from an English Premier League academy completed an acute 90-min field-based training session (occurring between 10:30–12:00) in conditions of high (TRAIN HIGH; 1.5 g.kg−1, 60 g, 1.5 g.kg−1 and 1.5 g.kg−1 consumed at 08:00, during training, 12:30 and 13:30, respectively) or low CHO availability (TRAIN LOW; 0 g.kg−1). Participants also completed a non-exercise trial (REST) under identical dietary conditions to TRAIN LOW. Venous blood samples were obtained at 08:30, 10:30, 12:30 and 14:30 for assessment of bone resorption (βCTX), bone formation (PINP) and calcium metabolism (PTH and ACa).

Results
External training load did not differ (all P > 0.05) between TRAIN HIGH and TRAIN LOW, as evident for total distance (5.6 ± 0.8; 5.5 ± 0.1 km), average speed (81 ± 9; 85 ± 12 m.min−1) and high-speed running (350 ± 239; 270 ± 89 m). Area under the curve for both βCTX and PINP was significantly greater (P < 0.01 and P = 0.03) in TRAIN LOW versus TRAIN HIGH, whilst no differences in PTH or ACa (P = 0.11 and P = 0.89) were observed between all three trials.

Conclusion
CHO restriction before, during and after an acute soccer training session increased bone (re)modelling markers in academy players. Despite acute anabolic effects of bone formation, the long-term consequence of bone resorption may impair skeletal development and increase injury risk during growth and maturation.
Benchmarking requirement template systems: comparing appropriateness, usability, and expressiveness
Authors: Großer Katharina , Ahmadian Amir Shayan , Rukavitsyna Marina , Ramadan Qusai , Jürjens Jan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVarious semi-formal syntax templates for natural language requirements foster to reduce ambiguity while preserving human readability. Existing studies on their effectiveness focus on individual notations only and do not allow to systematically investigate quality benefits. We strive for a comparative benchmark and evaluation of template systems to assist practitioners in selecting appropriate ones and enable researchers to work on pinpoint improvements and domain-specific adaptions. We conduct comparative experiments with five popular template systems—EARS, Adv-EARS, Boilerplates, MASTeR, and SPIDER. First, we compare a control group of free-text requirements and treatment groups of their variants following the different templates. Second, we compare MASTeR and EARS in user experiments for reading and writing. Third, we analyse all five meta-models’ formality and ontological expressiveness based on the Bunge-Wand-Weber reference ontology. The comparison of the requirement phrasings across seven relevant quality characteristics and a dataset of 1764 requirements indicates that, except SPIDER, all template systems have positive effects on all characteristics. In a user experiment with 43 participants, mostly students, we learned that templates are a method that requires substantial prior training and that profound domain knowledge and experience is necessary to understand and write requirements in general. The evaluation of templates systems’ meta-models suggests different levels of formality, modularity, and expressiveness. MASTeR and Boilerplates provide high numbers of variants to express requirements and achieve the best results with respect to completeness. Templates can generally improve various quality factors compared to free text. Although MASTeR leads the field, there is no conclusive favourite choice, as most effect sizes are relatively similar.
Recent changes in distribution and plumage phenologies of the White-winged Tern (Chlidonias leucopterus) in the Middle East
Authors: Kiat Yosef , Pyle Peter 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Changes in species geographic distributions, including those of migration routes, stopover sites, and over-wintering grounds, may affect the phenology of breeding and moult. The White-winged Tern (Chlidonias leucopterus) is a long-distance migrant which breeds in Eurasia and winters in Africa and Australasia. This species is known in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East mainly during the migration seasons although it also breeds locally in eastern Turkey and the Persian Gulf. However, in the last decade, there has been an apparent change in the winter distribution of this species, with increasing observations of individuals during December–February in the Middle East, many of them in breeding plumage. Using data collected from specimens stored at the Natural History Museum at Tring (UK), ringing data from Israel, the online database eBird, and accompanying Macaulay Library (Cornell Lab of Ornithology), we described these recent changes in the seasonal distribution and annual moult cycles. While the birds that breed in the north begin to replace their black body feathers immediately at the end of the breeding season, the birds described here displayed the black body plumage (breeding plumage) throughout the winter (December–February), a plumage pattern that is offset by seven to eight months from those of the northern-hemisphere breeding populations. This might suggest yet-to-be discovered local breeding in the Middle East in February–April. In such cases as this, we hypothesize that examination of plumage phenology may help researchers investigate the timing of as yet unknown breeding phenology.
Perspectivist approaches to natural language processing: a survey
Authors: Frenda Simona , Abercrombie Gavin , Basile Valerio , Pedrani Alessandro , Panizzon Raffaella , Cignarella Alessandra Teresa , Marco Cristina , Bernardi Davide 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn Artificial Intelligence research, perspectivism is an approach to machine learning that aims at leveraging data annotated by different individuals in order to model varied perspectives that influence their opinions and world view. We present the first survey of datasets and methods relevant to perspectivism in Natural Language Processing (NLP). We review datasets in which individual annotator labels are preserved, as well as research papers focused on analysing and modelling human perspectives for NLP tasks. Our analysis is based on targeted questions that aim to surface how different perspectives are taken into account, what the novelties and advantages of perspectivist approaches/methods are, and the limitations of these works. Most of the included works have a perspectivist goal, even if some of them do not explicitly discuss perspectivism. A sizeable portion of these works are focused on highly subjective phenomena in natural language where humans show divergent understandings and interpretations, for example in the annotation of toxic and otherwise undesirable language. However, in seemingly objective tasks too, human raters often show systematic disagreement. Through the framework of perspectivism we summarize the solutions proposed to extract and model different points of view, and how to evaluate and explain perspectivist models. Finally, we list the key concepts that emerge from the analysis of the sources and several important observations on the impact of perspectivist approaches on future research in NLP.
sQFT: An Autonomous Explanation of the Interactions of Quantum Particles
Authors: Rehren K.-H. , Cardoso L. T. , Gass C. , Gracia-Bondía J. M. , Schroer B. , Várilly J. C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSuccessful applications of a conceptually novel setup of Quantum Field Theory, that accounts for all subtheories of the Standard Model (QED, Electroweak Interaction and Higgs, Yang–Mills and QCD) and beyond (Helicity 2), call for a perspective view in a broader conceptual context. The setting is “autonomous” in the sense of being intrinsically quantum. Its principles are: Hilbert space, Poincaré symmetry and causality. Its free quantum fields are obtained from Wigner’s unitary representations of the Poincaré group, with only physical and observable degrees of freedom. A “quantization” of an “underlying” classical theory is not needed. It allows renormalizable perturbation theory with interactions whose detailed structure, and in some cases even the particle content, is predicted by internal consistency. The results confirm and extend observable predictions for the interactions of the Standard Model without assuming a “principle” of gauge invariance.
Positive cooperativity in synergistic activation of Wnt proteins
Authors: Bonnet Clemence , Han Christiana S. , Deng Sophie X. , Zheng Jie J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Wnt proteins are crucial for embryonic development, stem cell growth, and tissue regeneration. Wnt signaling pathway is activated when Wnt proteins bind to cell membrane receptors.

Methods and results
We employed a luciferase reporter assay in HEK293STF cells to measure Wnt protein-induced signaling. We observed that Wnt3a uniquely promotes the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through positive cooperativity. Additionally, MFH-ND, a molecular mimic of Wnt ligands, markedly increased Wnt3a-induced signaling in a dose-responsive manner. This suggests that various Wnt ligands can synergistically enhance Wnt pathway activation.

Conclusions
The study suggests the likelihood of various Wnt ligands coexisting in a single signalosome on the cell membrane, providing new insights into the complexities of Wnt signaling mechanisms.