bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levels of potential bioactive compounds including carotenoids, vitamin C and phenolic compounds, and expression of their cognate biosynthetic genes vary significantly in different varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown under uniform cultural conditions
Authors: Valcarcel Jesus , Reilly Kim , Gaffney Michael , O'Brien Nora M 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn addition to their high carbohydrate content, potatoes are also an important dietary source of vitamin C and bioactive secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds and carotenoids, which have been suggested to play a role in human health. The expression of genes encoding key enzymes involved in the synthesis of these compounds was assessed by reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compared to the accumulation of the corresponding product in seven potato varieties showing contrasting levels of metabolite accumulation.RESULTSStrong positive correlations were found between phenolic content in the flesh of tubers and transcript levels of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS) genes. The expression of PAL and CHS was also related to that of AN1, a transcription factor involved in the synthesis of anthocyanins, suggesting that these genes are regulated in a coordinated manner. No clear relationship was found between transcript levels of phytoene synthase (PSY) or l‐galactono‐1,4‐lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH) genes and total carotenoid or vitamin C accumulation, respectively.CONCLUSIONData indicate that levels of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds in potato are controlled primarily by PAL and CHS gene expression. Transcript levels of PSY and GLDH did not control accumulation of carotenoids or vitamin C. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas) three‐phase composition and gum arabic on the glass transition temperature
Authors: Rodríguez‐Bernal Jenny M , Tello Edisson , Flores‐Andrade Enrique , de Jesús Perea‐Flores Maria , Vallejo‐Cardona Alba A , Gutiérrez‐López Gustavo F , Quintanilla‐Carvajal Maria X 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe search for natural, novel, high‐quality, stable food ingredients is an ongoing practice in the food industry. Pulp of borojo (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas), which is a fruit of the Colombian Pacific region, can be separated into three phases: liquid (LP), medium (MP) and solid (SP) phases. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the three‐phase composition and gum arabic on their glass transitions temperatures (Tg). The best mixture, LP‐MP, MP‐SP and LP‐SP and gum arabic (GA) was identified by response surface methodology.RESULTSWhen adding GA to SP borojo phase in a 1:1 proportion, the resulting Tg of the mixture was 132.27 °C whereas Tg for GA and SP‐phase were 154.89 °C and 79.86 °C respectively, which supported this combination as attractive from a processing perspective and supports an industrial advantage of using borojo as food ingredient. Phases were characterized by high‐performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and mass spectrometry. Low molecular weight compounds such as fructose for MP lowered Tg whereas the presence of lignin increased Tg of the mixtures as with the SP.CONCLUSIONSThe addition of GA significantly increased Tg of borojo phases so leading to propose them as novel food processing materials. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Surveying Treatment Preferences in U.S. Iraq–Afghanistan Veterans With PTSD Symptoms: A Step Toward Veteran‐Centered Care
Authors: Crawford Eric F. , Elbogen Eric B. , Wagner H. Ryan , Kudler Harold , Calhoun Patrick S. , Brancu Mira , Straits‐Troster Kristy A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study examined health care barriers and preferences among a self‐selected sample of returning U.S. veterans drawn from a representative, randomly selected frame surveyed about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology and mental health utilization in the prior year. Comparisons between treated (n = 160) and untreated (n = 119) veterans reporting PTSD symptoms were conducted for measures of barriers and preferences, along with logistic models regressing mental health utilization on clusters derived from these measures. Reported barriers corroborated prior research findings as negative beliefs about treatment and stigma were strongly endorsed, but only privacy concerns were associated with lower service utilization (B = −0.408, SE = 0.142; p = .004). The most endorsed preference (91.0%) was for assistance with benefits, trailed by help for physical problems, and particular PTSD symptoms. Help‐seeking veterans reported stronger preferences for multiple interventions, and desire for services for families (B = 0.468, SE = 0.219; p = .033) and specific PTSD symptoms (B = 0.659, SE = 0.302; p = .029) were associated with increased utilization. Outcomes of the study suggested PTSD severity drove help‐seeking in this cohort. Results also support the integration of medical and mental health services, as well as coordination of health and benefits services. Finally, the study suggested that outreach about privacy protections and treatment options could well improve engagement in treatment.
RAFT Polymerization of Phenyl Vinyl Sulfide Using Trithiocarbonate Mediating Agents and Synthesis of Block Copolymers
Authors: Abiko Yohei , Nakabayashi Kazuhiro , Mori Hideharu 
Published: March 2015

SummaryReversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of phenyl vinyl sulfide (PVS), in which the thioether moiety is directly connected to the vinyl group, was investigated using trithiocarbonates as chain transfer agents (CTAs). A trithiocarbonate with a 2‐cyano‐2‐propyl group in the R moiety was found to be effective in achieving controlled radical polymerization of the S‐vinyl monomer. Reasonable control of the polymerization of PVS was indicated by the formation of a narrow dispersity polymer, molecular weight controlled by the monomer/CTA molar ratio, a linear increase in molecular weight with the conversion, and preserved chain end structure (determined by 1H NMR). Well‐defined block copolymers were synthesized by RAFT polymerization of PVS using polystyrene macro‐CTA.
The Impact of Monitoring and Sanctions on Cheating: Experimental Evidence from Tunisia
Authors: Békir Insaf , Harbi Sana El. , Grolleau Gilles , Mzoughi Naoufel , Sutan Angela 
Published: March 2015

AbstractUsing a laboratory experiment in a developing country (Tunisia, North Africa), we investigate whether the level of monitoring and both the nature (monetary versus moral) and magnitude of sanctions influence cheating levels. Our findings show that the introduction of weak monetary sanctions and monitoring is likely to increase cheating. However, a perfect monitoring is found to decrease the level of cheating. Moreover, when combined with a perfect monitoring, moral sanctions matter and may be even more effective than strong monetary sanctions in reducing cheating. We draw some policy implications regarding cheating in various domains. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Altered structure of cortical sulci in gilles de la Tourette syndrome: Further support for abnormal brain development
Authors: Muellner Julia , Delmaire Christine , Valabrégue Romain , Schüpbach Michael , Mangin Jean‐François , Vidailhet Marie , Lehéricy Stéphane , Hartmann Andreas , Worbe Yulia 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the presence of motor and vocal tics. We hypothesized that patients with this syndrome would present an aberrant pattern of cortical formation, which could potentially reflect global alterations of brain development. Using 3 Tesla structural neuroimaging, we compared sulcal depth, opening, and length and thickness of sulcal gray matter in 52 adult patients and 52 matched controls. Cortical sulci were automatically reconstructed and identified over the whole brain, using BrainVisa software. We focused on frontal, parietal, and temporal cortical regions, in which abnormal structure and functional activity were identified in previous neuroimaging studies. Partial correlation analysis with age, sex, and treatment as covariables of noninterest was performed amongst relevant clinical and neuroimaging variables in patients. Patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome showed lower depth and reduced thickness of gray matter in the pre‐ and post‐central as well as superior, inferior, and internal frontal sulci. In patients with associated obsessive‐compulsive disorder, additional structural changes were found in temporal, insular, and olfactory sulci. Crucially, severity of tics and of obsessive‐compulsive disorder measured by Yale Global Tic severity scale and Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive scale, respectively, correlated with structural sulcal changes in sensorimotor, temporal, dorsolateral prefrontal, and middle cingulate cortical areas. Patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome displayed an abnormal structural pattern of cortical sulci, which correlated with severity of clinical symptoms. Our results provide further evidence of abnormal brain development in GTS. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Measurement of distinctive features of cortical spreading depolarizations with different MRI contrasts
Authors: Umesh Rudrapatna S. , Hamming Arend M. , Wermer Marieke J. H. , van der Toorn Annette , Dijkhuizen Rick M. 
Published: March 2015

Growing clinical evidence suggests critical involvement of spreading depolarizations (SDs) in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders such as migraine and stroke. MRI provides powerful tools to detect and assess co‐occurring cerebral hemodynamic and cellular changes during SDs. This study reports the feasibility and advantages of two MRI scans, based on balanced steady‐state free precession (b‐SSFP) and diffusion‐weighted multi‐spin‐echo (DT2), heretofore unexplored for monitoring SDs. These were compared with gradient‐echo MRI. SDs were induced by KCl application in rat brain. Known for high SNR, the T2‐ and T1‐based b‐SSFP contrast was hypothesized to provide higher spatiotemporal specificity than ‐based gradient‐echo scanning. DT2 scanning was designed to provide simultaneous T2 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements, thus enabling combined quantitative assessment of hemodynamic and cellular changes during SDs.Procedures were developed to automate identification of SD‐induced responses in all the scans. These responses were analyzed to determine detection sensitivity and temporal characteristics of signals from each scanning method. Cluster analysis was performed to elucidate unique temporal patterns for each contrast.All scans allowed detection of SD‐induced responses. b‐SSFP scans showed significantly larger relative intensity changes, narrower peak widths and greater spatial specificity compared with gradient‐echo MRI. SD‐induced effects on ADC, calculated from DT2 scans, showed the most pronounced signal changes, displaying about 20% decrease, as against 10–15% signal increases observed with b‐SSFP and gradient‐echo scanning. Cluster analysis revealed additional temporal sub‐patterns, such as an initial dip on gradient‐echo scans and temporally shifted T2 and proton density changes in DT2 data.To summarize, b‐SSFP and DT2 scanning provide distinct information on SDs compared with gradient‐echo MRI. DT2 scanning, with its potential to simultaneously provide cellular and hemodynamic information, can offer unique information on the inter‐relationship between these processes in pathologic brain, which may improve monitoring of spreading depolarizations in (pre)clinical settings. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A GPU‐based preconditioned Newton‐Krylov solver for flexible multibody dynamics
Authors: Serban Radu , Melanz Daniel , Li Ang , Stanciulescu Ilinca , Jayakumar Paramsothy , Negrut Dan 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThis paper describes an approach to numerically approximate the time evolution of multibody systems with flexible (compliant) components. Its salient attribute is that at each time step, both the formulation of the system equations of motion and their numerical solution are carried out using parallel computing on graphics processing unit cards. The equations of motion are obtained using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation, yet any other multibody dynamics formalism would fit equally well the overall solution strategy outlined herein. The implicit numerical integration method adopted relies on a Newton–Krylov methodology and a parallel direct sparse solver to precondition the underlying linear system. The proposed approach, implemented in a software infrastructure available under an open‐source BSD‐3 license, leads to improvements in overall simulation times of up to one order of magnitude when compared with matrix‐free parallel solution approaches that do not use preconditioning. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solving quasi‐static equations with the material‐point method
Authors: Sanchez J. , Schreyer H. , Sulsky D. , Wallstedt P. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe material‐point method models continua by following a set of unconnected material points throughout the deformation of a body. This set of points provides a Lagrangian description of the material and geometry. Information from the material points is projected onto a background grid where equations of motion are solved. The grid solution is then used to update the material points. This paper describes how to use this method to solve quasi‐static problems. The resulting discrete equations are a coupled set of nonlinear equations that are then solved with a Jacobian‐free, Newton–Krylov algorithm. The technique is illustrated by examining two problems. The first problem simulates a compact tension test and includes a model of material failure. The second problem computes effective, macroscopic properties of a polycrystalline thin film. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A non‐intrusive model reduction approach for polynomial chaos expansion using proper orthogonal decomposition
Authors: Raisee M. , Kumar D. , Lacor C. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryIn this paper, a non‐intrusive stochastic model reduction scheme is developed for polynomial chaos representation using proper orthogonal decomposition. The main idea is to extract the optimal orthogonal basis via inexpensive calculations on a coarse mesh and then use them for the fine‐scale analysis. To validate the developed reduced‐order model, the method is implemented to: (1) the stochastic steady‐state heat diffusion in a square slab; (2) the incompressible, two‐dimensional laminar boundary‐layer over a flat plate with uncertainties in free‐stream velocity and physical properties; and (3) the highly nonlinear Ackley function with uncertain coefficients. For the heat diffusion problem, the thermal conductivity of the slab is assumed to be a stochastic field with known exponential covariance function and approximated via the Karhunen–Loève expansion. In all three test cases, the input random parameters are assumed to be uniformly distributed, and a polynomial chaos expansion is found using the regression method. The Sobol's quasi‐random sequence is used to generate the sample points. The numerical results of the three test cases show that the non‐intrusive model reduction scheme is able to produce satisfactory results for the statistical quantities of interest. It is found that the developed non‐intrusive model reduction scheme is computationally more efficient than the classical polynomial chaos expansion for uncertainty quantification of stochastic problems. The performance of the developed scheme becomes more apparent for the problems with larger stochastic dimensions and those requiring higher polynomial order for the stochastic discretization. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Irisin levels before and after physical activity among school‐age children with different BMI: A direct relation with leptin
Authors: Palacios‐González Berenice , Vadillo‐Ortega Felipe , Polo‐Oteyza Ernestina , Sánchez Teresa , Ancira‐Moreno Monica , Romero‐Hidalgo Sandra , Meráz Noemi , Antuna‐Puente Barbara 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveIrisin is a novel myokine that seems to mediate the beneficial effects of exercise. Levels of circulating irisin before and after an 8‐month physical activity program (PAP) in school‐age children were evaluated.MethodsIrisin and leptin were measured at baseline and at follow‐up among 85 children with different BMI.ResultsOf the 85 children (mean age 8.9; 47% female), 25 children had normal weight, 23 were overweight, and 37 had obesity. We observed no significant difference in irisin serum levels between boys and girls. Irisin was positively associated with BMI before and after the PAP (rbefore = 0.42; rafter = 0.37, P < 0.001), with the highest levels in children with obesity. There was a slight decrease of circulating irisin after PAP, but this decrease was not of statistical significance. We observed a high and positive association between irisin and leptin levels before and after the PAP (rbefore = 0.78; rafter = 0.82, P < 0.001). Moreover, changes in leptin correlated with changes in irisin (r = 0.72, P < 0.001).ConclusionsCirculating irisin is positively linked to BMI and leptin in school‐age children, supporting the notion that that irisin is produced by adipose tissue. As in previous reports, this study failed to observe changes in irisin levels after exercise, likely because higher irisin levels are produced only during exercise.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of objective and subjective quality of life among pediatric, adolescent, and young adult bone tumor survivors
Authors: Stokke Jamie , Sung Lillian , Gupta Abha , Lindberg Antoinette , Rosenberg Abby R. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundPediatric, adolescent, and young adult survivors of bone sarcomas are at risk for poor quality of life (QOL). We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to summarize the literature describing QOL in this population and differences in QOL based on local control procedures.ProcedureIncluded studies described ≥5 patients <25 years old who had completed local control treatment for bone sarcoma, defined QOL as a main outcome, and measured it with a validated instrument. Data extraction and quality assessments were conducted with standardized tools. Meta‐analyses compared QOL based on surgical procedure (limb‐sparing vs. amputation) and were stratified by assessment type (objective physical function, clinician‐assessed disability, patient‐reported disability, and patient‐reported QOL). Effect sizes were reported as the standard mean difference when multiple instruments were used within a comparison and weighted mean difference otherwise. All were weighted by inverse variance and modeled with random effects.ResultsTwenty‐two of 452 unique manuscripts were included in qualitative syntheses, eight of which were included in meta‐analyses. Manuscripts were heterogeneous with respect to included patient populations (age, tumor type, time since treatment) and QOL instruments. Prospective studies suggested that QOL improves over time, and that female sex and older age at diagnosis are associated with poor QOL. Meta‐analyses showed no differences in outcomes between patients who underwent limb‐sparing versus amputation for local control.ConclusionQOL studies among children and AYAs with bone sarcoma are remarkably diverse, making it difficult to detect trends in patient outcomes. Future research should focus on standardized QOL instruments and interpretations. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1616–1629. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
L‐Asparaginase lowers plasma antithrombin and mannan‐binding‐lectin levels: Impact on thrombotic and infectious events in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Merlen Clémence , Bonnefoy Arnaud , Wagner Eric , Dedeken Laurence , Leclerc Jean‐Marie , Laverdière Caroline , Rivard Georges‐Etienne 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundL‐asparaginase, a key therapeutic agent in the management of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), dramatically impairs hepatic protein synthesis. We investigated the effects of prolonged exposure to L‐asparaginase on antithrombin (AT), fibrinogen and mannan‐binding‐lectin (MBL) levels, and on the occurrence of thrombotic events (TE) and febrile neutropenia episodes (FN) in pediatric patients.ProcedureProtein levels were measured in 97 children during 30 weeks of chemotherapy with L‐asparaginase and up to 1 year following remission. TE and FN episodes were recorded during this period.ResultsMedian AT level decreased from 0.96 IU/mL prior to treatment (range: 0.69–1.38) to 0.55 IU/mL (0.37–0.76) during therapy. Fibrinogen and MBL decreased from 3.18 g/L (1.29–7.28) and 1,177 ng/mL (57–5,343) to 1.56 g/L (0.84–2.13) and 193 ng/mL (57–544), respectively. All three proteins had recovered 1–4 weeks after L‐asparaginase cessation. TE were reported in 22 (23%) patients. Of these, 11 occurred after a median of 10 administrations of L‐asparaginase. Fifty‐one FN were associated with infections, of which 36 occurred during treatment with L‐asparaginase. Patients with low levels of MBL at diagnosis were at higher risk of FN associated with infections (RR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.026–2.474). Both AT and MBL decreases were moderately correlated with fibrinogen (r = 0.51 and 0.58, respectively).ConclusionsChildren with ALL are exposed to significant decrease in AT, fibrinogen and MBL levels, and concomitant increased risk of thrombosis and FN with infection during L‐asparaginase treatment. Measuring plasma levels of these liver‐derived proteins could help predict the occurrence of adverse events. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1381–1387. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Moisture Proofing of Spray Dried Particles Comprising Ammonium Nitrate/Potassium Nitrate/Polymer
Authors: Nagayama Seiichiro , Katoh Katsumi , Higashi Eiko , Hayashi Masahiko , Kumagae Kosuke , Habu Hiroto , Wada Yuji , Nakano Katsuyuki , Arai Mitsuru 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to fabricate moisture‐proof, phase‐stabilized, ammonium nitrate/potassium nitrate (AN/PN) particles, with a polymer used as the moisture‐proofing agent. The particles were prepared with a spray drying technique. Water solutions (or water dispersions) containing AN/PN and one of five different types of polymer were spray‐dried, which produced white powders with particle diameters of approximately 20–40 μm. Scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy indicated that each component was homogeneously distributed throughout the particles. The particles exhibited little aggregation compared to the reagent AN, even when left for 7 d or more. In addition, the moisture absorption of the particles at less than 40 % relative humidity (RH) was lower than that of the polymer‐free particles. Even under high‐moisture conditions (83 % RH), the particles did not deliquesce immediately, and they retained their original shape for 30–60 min, whereas the polymer‐free particles were transformed into droplets within 5 min.