bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Study of 1018 Steel Exposed to Different Soils from South of México
Authors: Quej-Ake L. M. , Contreras A. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTPhysicochemical effect on the corrosion process of AISI 1018 steel exposed to five type of soils from South of México at different moisture content using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization curves was studied. Two soils were collected in the state of Veracruz (clay of high plasticity and silt) and three soils from the state of Campeche (sand, clay and clay-silt). Moisture values were determined by addition of 0, 20, 40 and 60 ml of deionized water in a volume of 125 cm3of each soil. The corrosion behavior of uncoated and coated steel with a viscoelastic polymer was analyzed. Effect of damage on the coating when the steel is exposed to corrosive soils was studied. EIS evaluations indicate that 1018 steel without coating is more susceptible to corrosion in the clay at the maximum moisture content (39.7 wt. %). However, for sand the more corrosive moisture belong to 12.8 wt. %, which is not the maximum moisture, which is agree with the lower polarization resistance (52.21 Ω.cm2). Potentiodynamic polarization curves suggested that uncoated steel exposed to clay-silt from state of Campeche exhibited the higher corrosion rate (0.698 mm/year) at 53.1 wt. % moisture. Meanwhile, in the coated steel with induced damage, the higher corrosion rate was obtained in the clay (0.0018 mm/year) at 34.2 wt. % moisture. 1018 steel coated with induced damage exposed to clay displayed the higher Ecorrvalues, which means that clay is more susceptible to overprotection as consequence of any change in the voltages originated by moisture content.
Effect of Composition on the Physical Properties of (TlInSe2)1-х (TlGaTe2)х Solid Solutions
Authors: Asadov M.M. , Mustafaeva S.N. , Tagiev D.B. , Mammadov A.N. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTWe carried out thermodynamic study of the TlInSe2-TlGaTe2 system based on the data of physicochemical analysis. Based on thermodynamic analysis and concentration dependence of physical properties, it was found that there is anion-cation substitution in TlInSe2-TlGaTe2 system. Continuous series of (TlInSe2)1-x (TlGaTe2)x solid solutions is forming throughout entire concentration range. We determined dielectric characteristics of samples, their frequency dispersion and nature of dielectric losses. The results demonstrate that the dielectric dispersion in the studied crystals TlInSe2 and (TlInSe2)0.5(TlGaTe2)0.5 has a relaxation nature. Hyperbolic decline of loss tangent with increasing frequency from 50 kHz to 35 MHz indicates the loss of pass-through conduction in (TlInSe2)1-x(TlGaTe2)x solid solutions.
An Unanticipated Outcome of Undergraduate Research Experiences for Community College Students: Creation of a Materials Science and Engineering Educational Program
Authors: Sheinberg Bartlett M. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTSince 2005 the West Houston Center for Science & Engineering (WHC) has provided opportunities for select cohorts of community college students to participate in summer research experiences. Participating research institutions include regional universities, NASA-JSC and Sandia National Laboratories (NM). Research activities cross numerous engineering, physical and biological sciences, and computational disciplines, and have been supported by federal agencies and corporate/educational foundations. These experiences have generated three important outcomes: (1) Providing significant motivation for students regarding university transfer and completion; (2) Generating realistic expectations for students regarding completion of their undergraduate degrees, and transitioning into the science and engineering workforce and/or graduate school; and, (3) Providing support for the creation of a formal materials science educational program at the West Houston Center. This paper describes the influence and impact that the Materials Research Society, through its members, conferences, and working committees, has contributed to the transition of the West Houston Center as it moves from a broad based science and engineering educational center to one with a concentration on materials science.
Einflussfaktoren auf die bakteriologische Heilung boviner Mastitiden
Authors: Degen S. , Paduch J.-H. , Hoedemaker M. , Krömker V. 
Published: May 2015

ZusammenfassungZiel dieser Übersichtsarbeit war, Einflussfaktoren auf die Heilungswahrscheinlichkeit boviner Mastitiden zu erarbeiten und dadurch Kriterien für die Entscheidung zwischen Behandlung und Merzung einzelner Tiere festzulegen. Hierdurch sollen überflüssige antibiotische Behandlungen vermieden und das Risiko der Resistenzbildung minimiert werden, um den ökonomischen Nutzen zu optimieren. Bei der Beurteilung des Therapieerfolgs ist die bakteriologische Heilung die Standardform der Heilung und ist definiert durch die Elimination von Mastitiserregern aus dem Euter. Die Anwendung antibiotischer Präparate wird nur als sinnvoll betrachtet, wenn eine Chance auf bakteriologische Heilung besteht. Zusätzlich zum Alter der betroffenen Kuh beeinflussen die Mastitisvorgeschichte, die Anzahl infizierter Viertel und die somatische Zellzahl die bakteriologische Heilungswahrscheinlichkeit. Die Identifizierung und Charakterisierung chronischer Mastitiden, die enorme Produktionsverluste verursachen, sind besonders wichtig für die Vermeidung unnötiger Behandlungen und für die Entscheidung für oder gegen eine Merzung. Nach unserem Wissen ist dies die erste Arbeit, die eine vollständige Auflistung aller Faktoren bietet, die in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur als Einflussfaktoren auf die Heilungswahrscheinlichkeit bestätigt wurden. Diese Übersichtsarbeit sollte Landwirten und Tierärzten Hilfestellung geben, wenn Entscheidungen zwischen Merzung und angemessener Behandlung betroffener Tiere anstehen.
Low-Dose Glyphosate Does Not Control Annual Bromes in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Espeland Erin K. , Kilian Robert 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAnnual bromes (downy brome and Japanese brome) have been shown to decrease perennial grass forage production and alter ecosystem functions in northern Great Plains rangelands. Large-scale chemical control might be a method for increasing rangeland forage production. Although fall application has been shown to be the most effective and least likely to impact co-occurring native species, spring germination of downy brome may reduce the efficacy of fall-only herbicide application. We assessed the impact of a low glyphosate dose rate (210 g ha−1) applied to rangelands in fall or in fall and spring on nontarget species and on annual brome abundance at two sites in eastern Montana over 2 yr. We tested the following hypotheses: (1) nontarget effects are greater with spring herbicide application, (2) fall and spring herbicide application are necessary for effective downy brome control, and (3) fall herbicide application is sufficient to control Japanese brome. Few nontarget effects occurred; two dicotyledonous species exhibited small increases in response to herbicide. We found that that a single fall application reduced downy brome cover and seed bank density, but after the second fall application in the following year, downy brome did not continue to show a response to herbicide. After 2 yr of fall herbicide application, Japanese brome had denser seed banks in plots where herbicide had been applied. Blanket glyphosate application on rangelands is an unreliable method for controlling annual brome invasions in the northern Great Plains.
A Practical Method of Predicting Calcium Carbonate Scale Formation in Well Completions
Authors: Hamid S.. , De Jesús O.. , Jacinto C.. , Izetti R.. , Pinto H.. , Droguett E.. , Edwards C.. , Cassidy J.. , Zhang H.. , Dagenais P.. , Batocchio M. A. 
Published: May 2015

Summary
Scale formation in downhole tubular-flow passages can cause partial to complete plugging that will affect production or injection rates adversely. In an intelligent-well completion in which the interval-control-valve (ICV) opening must be changed to control flow rate, the completion will become ineffective if plugging of clearances prevents valve actuation. To mitigate these problems, a method to predict the potential rate of scale formation under realistic conditions has been developed.
This empirical method allows prediction of tool performance under scale-forming conditions for downhole applications, and uses chemical data and flow fields generated by computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) models for downhole tools. Chemical data are obtained from laboratory tests on coupons by use of brines matching the chemistry of connate fluids. Tests were conducted in a high-pressure, corrosion-resistant vessel over a range of high pressures (100 to 10,000 psi) and high temperatures (75 to 150 °C) to simulate downhole well conditions. Two test sets were conducted, each with fluid at rest and with an impeller generating low velocity in the reaction vessel, ranging from 4 hours to 4 days, with scaling rates determined from coupon-weight gain. Concentrations in the range of 50 to 125% of the typical connate-fluid concentration were used.
The weight-gain data obtained from the coupon tests and from a tube-plugging test were used to develop an empirical model for scale-growth rate at a given point on a solid surface with pressure, pressure gradient, temperature, fluid velocity, and brine concentration as independent variables. Artificial-intelligence methodology was used to develop this model, which can be used to predict the scale-growth rate for any arbitrary geometry. By use of the internal geometry of any tool to be modeled, a CFD model is prepared and the pressure, fluid velocity, and pressure-gradient data are generated for the entire internal solid surface of the tool for a given flow rate through the tool. These data are fed into the empirical model to calculate the scale-growth rate, which is integrated to obtain scale thickness at each point of the internal solid boundary. To verify accuracy, scale formation in a 4.5-in. ICV was predicted at high-pressure, high-temperature conditions at a low flow rate. Laboratory tests on the valve matched the model predictions well enough, which enabled Petrobras to design a better completion and fluid-handling system for a presalt well.
microRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities in lung cancer
Authors: Zhao Jianfei , Cai Yan , Liu Xi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNA which suppress target gene expression. miRNAs are involved in most physiological and pathological process, including carcinogenesis. miRNA expression profiles help to improve lung cancer diagnosis, classification and prognostic information. Tumor suppressive and oncogenic miRNAs have been discovered and their functions have been investigated. Emphasis is placed on the development of miRNA-based methods for lung cancer diagnosis and therapy and future directions are proposed.
Targeted removal of wolves: analysis of the motives for controlled hunting
Authors: Sjölander‐Lindqvist Annelie 
Published: May 2015

The return of the grey wolf Canis lupus lupus, after a temporary absence, to rural and forest‐fringe areas has resulted in more encounters between humans and protected wildlife when wolves prey on farmers' and hunters' living private property. In locations where wolves are considered problematic, permits can be issued for the controlled hunting of individual wolves to protect livestock and companion animals and prevent damage. I examine applications for the targeted removal of problematic wolves in Sweden through lethal control, and authorities' decisions regarding controlled hunting. The empirical basis of the paper is a content analysis of applications for and decisions regarding controlled hunting. The data concern three counties in middle Sweden, with 2002–2010 as the study period. I analyse 1) the applicants' stated reasons for applying for controlled hunting and 2) the authorities' rationales for rejecting or approving these applications. My aim is to identify the aspirations, desires, and motives evident in these texts.In investigating controlled hunting applications and decisions, the paper applies anthropological perspectives on ecosystem management, place and landscape, and decision‐making, and the results illustrate the underlying framing of the reasons favouring lethal removal. We encounter a layered reflexive communication of intentions and beliefs regarding the goals and interests that should guide state action to manage wolves demonstrating ‘transgressive’ and ‘unnatural’ behaviour threatening the local social and cultural environment. Perceptions diverge regarding how best to understand the natural landscape and how such understandings are embodied in applications and decisions regarding the targeted removal of wolves.
Microstructure and martensitic transformation in Ni48Mn39.5Sn12.5–

x
Si
x
metamagnetic Heusler alloy ribbons
Authors: Maziarz Wojciech , Czaja Paweł , Wójcik Anna , Wańkowicz Katarzyna , Cesari Eduard , Dutkiewicz Jan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper describes the effect of Si for Sn substitution on microstructure and martensitic transformation in Ni48Mn39.5Sn12.5–

x
Si
x
(x = 0, 1, 2) Heusler alloy ribbons. The evolution of phase transformation, structure and microstructural features were examined by means of differential scanning calorimetry, analytical transmission electron microscopy and high resolution electron microscopy. The alloys were induction melted, homogenized and subsequently rapidly solidified on a rotating copper wheel. The ribbons featured a two phase structure composed of the L21 parent phase and the martensite phase. Slight changes of the chemical composition in local areas of the studied samples were noticed. Such segregation was introduced by rapid quenching in response to different melting points of each element. This then had an effect on the local changes in the e/a ratio, effectively leading to nucleation of martensitic transformation in the affected areas.
Application of digital field photographs as documents for tropical plant inventory
Authors: LaFrankie James V. , Chua Anna I. 
Published: May 2015

Premise of the study:We tested the credibility and significance of digital field photographs as supplements or substitutes for conventional herbarium specimens with particular relevance to exploration of the tropics.Methods:We made 113 collections in triplicate at a species‐rich mountain in the Philippines while we took 1238 digital photographs of the same plants. We then identified the plants from the photographs alone, categorized the confidence of the identification and the reason for failure to identify, and compared the results to identifications based on the dried specimens.Results:We identified 72.6% of the photographic sets with high confidence and 27.4% with low confidence or only to genus. In no case was a confident identification altered by subsequent examination of the dried specimen. The failure to identify photographic sets to species was due to the lack of a key feature in 67.8% of the cases and due to a poorly understood taxonomy in 32.2%.Discussion:We conclude that digital photographs cannot replace traditional herbarium specimens as the primary elements that document tropical plant diversity. However, photographs represent a new and important artifact that aids an expedient survey of tropical plant diversity while encouraging broad public participation.
Post-Marketing Experience with Nevirapine Extended Release (XR) Tablets: Effectiveness and Tolerability in a Population-Based Cohort in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Lepik Katherine J , Yip Benita , McGovern Rachel A , Ding Erin , Nohpal Adriana , Watson Birgit E , Toy Junine , Akagi Linda , Harrigan P Richard , Moore David M , Hogg Robert S , Montaner Julio SG , Barrios Rolando 
Published: May 2015

Background Nevirapine 400 mg extended release tablets (nevirapine-XR) are a once-daily alternative to nevirapine 200 mg immediate release tablets (nevirapine-IR). Study objectives were to describe the effectiveness and tolerability of nevirapine-XR in clinical practice and, for patients who switched from once daily 2x200 mg nevirapine-IR to nevirapine-XR, compare virological suppression and plasma nevirapine concentrations during each treatment period. Methods HIV-1-infected adults entered the study cohort if they initiated nevirapine-XR in British Columbia (BC) Canada between 1 April 2012 and 30 September 2012 and were followed until 30 September 2013. Demographic and clinical variables were abstracted from the BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS databases. Patients who switched from once daily nevirapine-IR to nevirapine-XR were monitored for 6 months pre- and post-switch with comparison of virological suppression (McNeamer's test) and median random plasma nevirapine concentrations (Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test) in each period. Results The 536 nevirapine-XR-treated patients were 96% male, median (IQR) age 49.9 (44.0–56.9) years. Median follow-up was 15.6 (14.7–16.5) months, with 474/536 (88%) maintaining virological suppression. Emergent drug resistance developed in 5/536 (1%), adverse drug reactions in 17/536 (3%) and, although 31/536 (6%) reported ‘whole’ tablets in their stools, this was not associated with adverse outcomes. Among the 305 patients who switched from nevirapine-IR to nevirapine-XR, median (IQR) random plasma nevirapine concentration was higher during nevirapine-IR 5,000 (3,690–6,090) ng/ml than nevirapine-XR 3,930 (3,050–5,150) ng/ml ( P<0.001), but there was no difference in virological suppression, 89% and 87% respectively ( P=0.414). Conclusions This post-marketing study affirms the effectiveness and tolerability of nevirapine-XR as an alternative to nevirapine-IR in adults.
Familial and socio-economic correlates of somatisation disorder
Authors: Obimakinde Abimbola M. , Ladipo Modupe M. , Irabor Achiaka E. 
Published: May 2015

Background: Somatisation disorder can result from an interplay between suboptimal family environment and socio-economic deprivation, which enhances the underlying cognitive tendency for this disorder. There are pertinent familial and socio-economic factors associated with this disorder, but research addressing this is sparse.Aim and setting: The study aims to evaluate family and socio-economic factors that are associated with somatisation disorder amongst patients presenting to the Family Medicine clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.Methods: This is an observational case-control study of 120 participants who presented to the clinic between May and August 2009. Data collection was by interviewer-administered structured questionnaire using the World Health Organization Screener for Somatoform Disorder and Somatoform Disorder Schedule to ascertain somatisation in 60 patients who were then matched with 60 controls. The respondents’ demographic and family data were also collected and their interpersonal relationships were assessed with the Family Relationship Index.Results: The somatising patients were mostly females (70%), with a female to male ratio of 2.3:1 and mean age of 43.65 ± 13.04 years.Living in a polygamous family (as any member of the family) was significantly related to somatisation (p = 0.04). Somatisation was also more common in people who were separated, divorced or widowed (p = 0.039). Somatisers from a lower social class or those earning below a dollar a day experienced poorer cohesion (p = 0.042) and more conflicts (p = 0.019) in their interpersonal relationship.Conclusion: This study was able to demonstrate that a polygamous family setting, disrupted marriage, low social status and financial constraints are correlates of somatisation. It is of essence to identify these factors in holistic management of somatising patients.
Tooth discoloration induced by calcium-silicate-based pulp-capping materials
Authors: Yun Da-A , Park Su-Jung , Lee Seok-Ryun , Min Kyung-San 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate tooth discoloration induced by contact with various calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials in the presence or absence of blood in vitro. Materials and Methods: Eighty bovine samples were divided into six experimental groups and two control groups according to the type of material used (ProRoot [PR], Endocem [EC], or EndocemZr [ECZ]) and the presence or absence of contamination with blood. A spectrophotometer was used to calculate the color difference (ΔE) between the baseline measurement (after placement of materials) and measurements taken 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. The results were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance, Tukey's post-hoc tests and independent t-tests (P = 0.05). Results: The PR group and EC group showed significantly higher mean values of ΔE than the negative control group after 2 weeks (P < 0.05), whereas ECZ did not. There were larger ΔE values when there was contact with blood, especially in PR and EC group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: ECZ which contains zirconium oxide as a radiopacifier showed less discoloration irrespective of blood contamination compared to PR and EC.
Comparison of temperature rise in pulp chamber during polymerization of materials used for direct fabrication of provisional restorations: An in-vitro study
Authors: Khajuria Rajat R. , Madan Ravi , Agarwal Swatantra , Gupta Reecha , Vadavadgi Sunil V. , Sharma Vikas 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose is to compare temperature rise in the pulp chamber during fabrication of provisional crowns using different materials and on different types of teeth using direct technique. Materials and Methods: An extracted, sound, caries free maxillary central incisor and a mandibular molar were selected for the study and crown preparations of all ceramic and all metal were done on central incisor and mandibular molar, respectively. Materials tested were DPI tooth molding self-curing material and protemp-4. Addition silicone putty was used as a matrix and 80 provisional crowns were fabricated, of which 40 were on central incisor and 40 on mandibular molar. Depending on the type of material used, they were further divided into two subgroups: Each comprising 20 provisional crowns. Temperature readings were recorded using K type of thermocouple with 0.1°C precision digital thermometer. Statistical Analysis Used: Analysis of variance, Tukey honest significant difference and Kruskall–Wallis H-test. Results: Statistically significant difference exists between two materials tested on the basis of peak temperature achieved and time taken by a particular material to reach peak temperature. Peak temperature achieved was highest for provisional crowns with DPI tooth molding self-curing material on maxillary central incisor (40.39 + 0.46), followed by DPI tooth molding self-curing material on mandibular molar (40.03 + 0.32), protemp-4 on maxillary central incisor (39.46 + 0.26) and least with protemp-4 on mandibular molar (39.09 + 0.33). The time taken to reach peak temperature was almost double in DPI tooth molding self-curing material (5 min) than in protemp-4. Conclusion: Polymethyl methacrylate resin produced higher intra-pulpal rise when compared to newer generation bis-acrylic composite.