bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric assessment of mood instability: qualitative study of patient experience
Authors: Bilderbeck Amy C. , Saunders Kate E. A. , Price Jonathan , Goodwin Guy M. 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundMood instability is a common reason for psychiatric referral. Very little is known about how patients with unstable mood experience assessment and diagnosis.AimsTo investigate the experiences of assessment and diagnosis among patients with mood instability and to suggest improvements to this process.MethodQualitative study, gathering data through individual interviews with 28 people experiencing mood instability and receiving a psychiatric assessment in secondary care.ResultsParticipants described the importance of receiving an explanation for their symptoms; the value of a good interpersonal relationship with their clinician(s); being listened to and acknowledged; and being involved in and informed about clinical decisions. These needs were not, however, consistently met. Receiving a psychiatric diagnosis, including a diagnosis of bipolar disorder or borderline personality disorder, evoked both positive and negative responses among participants, relating to stigma, personal understanding and responsibility, prognosis and treatment.ConclusionsPatients with mood instability seek explanation for their symptoms and difficulties, empathetic care and consistent support as much as cure. Clinicians may incorrectly assume what patients' attitudes towards diagnosis are, a mismatch which may hamper the development of a strong therapeutic relationship. Clear, patient-centred communication, which acknowledges the patient's experience, may result in greater patient engagement and satisfaction.
Clinical Experience in the Screening and Management of a Large Kindred With Familial Isolated Pituitary Adenoma Due to an Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interacting Protein (AIP) Mutation
Authors: Williams Fred , Hunter Steven , Bradley Lisa , Chahal Harvinder S. , Storr Helen L. , Akker Scott A. , Kumar Ajith V. , Orme Stephen M. , Evanson Jane , Abid Noina , Morrison Patrick J. , Korbonits Márta , Atkinson A. Brew 
Published: December 2013

Context:Germline AIP mutations usually cause young-onset acromegaly with low penetrance in a subset of familial isolated pituitary adenoma families. We describe our experience with a large family with R304* AIP mutation and discuss some of the diagnostic dilemmas and management issues.Objective:The aim of the study was to identify and screen mutation carriers in the family.Patients:Forty-three family members participated in the study.Setting:The study was performed in university hospitals.Outcome:We conducted genetic and endocrine screening of family members.Results:We identified 18 carriers of the R304* mutation, three family members with an AIP-variant A299V, and two family members who harbored both changes. One of the two index cases presented with gigantism and pituitary apoplexy, the other presented with young-onset acromegaly, and both had surgery and radiotherapy. After genetic and clinical screening of the family, two R304* carriers were diagnosed with acromegaly. They underwent transsphenoidal surgery after a short period of somatostatin analog treatment. One of these two patients is in remission; the other achieved successful pregnancy despite suboptimal control of acromegaly. One of the A299V carrier family members was previously diagnosed with a microprolactinoma; we consider this case to be a phenocopy. Height of the unaffected R304* carrier family members is not different compared to noncarrier relatives.Conclusions:Families with AIP mutations present particular problems such as the occurrence of large invasive tumors, poor response to medical treatment, difficulties with fertility and management of pregnancy, and the finding of AIP sequence variants of unknown significance. Because disease mostly develops at a younger age and penetrance is low, the timing and duration of the follow-up of carriers without overt disease requires further study. The psychological and financial impact of prolonged clinical screening must be considered. Excellent relationships between the family, endocrinologists, and geneticists are essential, and ideally these families should be managed in centers with specialist expertise.
Regularity and Hyperreal Credences
Authors: Easwaran Kenny 
Published: December 2013

Many philosophers have become worried about the use of standard real numbers for the probability function that represents an agent's credences. They point out that real numbers can't capture the distinction between certain extremely unlikely events and genuinely impossible ones—they are both represented by credence 0, which violates a principle known as “regularity.” Following Skyrms 1980 and Lewis 1980, they recommend that we should instead use a much richer set of numbers, called the “hyperreals.”
This essay argues that this popular view is the result of two mistakes. The first mistake, which this essay calls the “numerical fallacy,” is to assume that a distinction that isn't represented by different numbers isn't represented at all in a mathematical representation. In this case, the essay claims that although the real numbers do not make all relevant distinctions, the full mathematical structure of a probability function does. The second mistake is that the hyperreals make too many distinctions. They have a much more complex structure than credences in ordinary propositions can have, so they make distinctions that don't exist among credences. While they might be useful for generating certain mathematical models, they will not appear in a faithful mathematical representation of credences of ordinary propositions.
Stress granules and Plasmodium liver stage infection
Authors: Hanson Kirsten K. , Mair Gunnar R. 
Published: December 2013

Summary
Organisms have evolved numerous strategies to control infection by an array of intracellular pathogens. One cell autonomous pathogen control strategy is global inhibition of protein synthesis via stress granule (SG) formation. SGs are induced by stressful stimuli such as oxidative stress and nutrient deprivation, and are known to counteract both viral and bacterial infections. Pathogens, in turn, may actively block an infected cell's ability to form SGs. In vitro and in vivo, many liver stage malaria parasites are eliminated during development. We show here that SG formation is not amongst the strategies used for elimination of parasites from hepatocytes. Neither cell traversal, sporozoite invasion, nor rapid parasite growth leads to the formation of SGs. Furthermore, Plasmodium berghei infection does not compromise the ability of infected cells to assemble SGs in response to oxidative or nutritional stress. Plasmodium infection is therefore not detected by hepatocytes as a strong stressor necessitating global translational repression in response, highlighting the idea that Plasmodium has evolved strategies to ensure its remarkable growth in the hepatocyte while maintaining host cell homeostasis.
Dysphagia and disrupted cranial nerve development in a mouse model of DiGeorge/22q11 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Karpinski Beverly A. , Maynard Thomas M. , Fralish Matthew S. , Nuwayhid Samar , Zohn Irene , Moody Sally A. , LaMantia Anthony-S. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryWe assessed feeding-related developmental anomalies in the LgDel mouse model of Chromosome 22q11 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS), a common developmental disorder that frequently includes perinatal dysphagia - debilitating feeding, swallowing and nutrition difficulties from birth onward - within its phenotypic spectrum. LgDel pups gain significantly less weight during the first postnatal weeks, and have several signs of respiratory infections due to food aspiration. Most 22q11 genes are expressed in anlagen of craniofacial and brainstem regions critical for feeding and swallowing, and diminished expression in LgDel embryos apparently compromises development of these regions. Palate and jaw anomalies indicate divergent oro-facial morphogenesis. Altered expression and patterning of hindbrain transcriptional regulators, especially those related to retinoic acid (RA) signaling prefigures these disruptions. Subsequently, gene expression, axon growth and sensory ganglion formation in the trigeminal (V), glossopharyngeal (IX), or vagus (X) cranial nerves (CN) that innervate targets essential for feeding, swallowing and digestion are disrupted. Posterior CN IX and X ganglia anomalies primarily reflect diminished dosage of the 22q11DS candidate gene Tbx1. Genetic modification of RA signaling in LgDel embryos rescues the anterior CN V phenotype and returns expression levels or pattern of RA-sensitive genes to that in wild type embryos. Thus, diminished 22q11 gene dosage, including but not limited to Tbx1, disrupts oro-facial and cranial nerve development by modifying RA-modulated anterior-posterior hindbrain differentiation. These disruptions likely contribute to dysphagia in infants and young children with 22q11DS.
Desilylative Carboxylation of Aryltrimethylsilanes Using CO2 in the Presence of Catalytic Phosphazenium Salt
Authors: Yonemoto-Kobayashi Misato , Inamoto Kiyofumi , Kondo Yoshinori 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
An efficient method for the desilylative carboxylation of aryltrimethylsilanes with CO2 catalyzed by phosphazenium salt has been developed. This protocol can provide various arylcarboxylic acids that are important structural motifs in biologically active chemical compounds.
Mobile Targeting
Authors: Luo Xueming , Andrews Michelle , Fang Zheng , Phang Chee Wei 
Published: December 2013

Mobile technologies enable marketers to target consumers by time and location. This study builds on a large-scale randomized experiment of short message service (SMS) texts sent to 12,265 mobile users. We draw on contextual marketing theory to hypothesize how different combinations of mobile targeting determine consumer responses to mobile promotions. We identify that temporal targeting and geographical targeting individually increase sales purchases. Surprisingly, the sales effects of employing these two strategies simultaneously are not straightforward. When targeting proximal mobile users, our findings reveal a negative sales–lead time relationship; sending same-day mobile promotions yields an increase in the odds of consumer purchases compared with sending them two days prior to the promoted event. However, when targeting nonproximal mobile users, there is an inverted-U, curvilinear relationship. Sending one-day prior SMSs yields an increase in the odds of consumer purchases by 9.5 times compared with same-day SMSs and an increase in the odds of consumer purchases by 71% compared with two-day prior SMSs. These results are robust to unobserved heterogeneity, alternative estimation models, bootstrapped resamples, randomization checks, consumer mobile usage behavior, and segmentation of consumer scenarios. In addition, we conducted follow-up surveys to delve into the psychological mechanisms explaining the findings in our field experiment. In line with consumer construal arguments, consumers who received SMSs close (far) in time and location formed a more (less) concrete mental construal, which in turn, increased their involvement and purchase intent. These findings suggest that understanding the when, where, and how of mobile targeting strategies is crucial. Marketers can save money by carefully designing their mobile targeting campaigns. This paper was accepted by Sandra Slaughter, information systems.
Face Lateral Shear Resistance of One-Row Multistaple Joints in Oriented Strandboard
Authors: Demirel Samet , Zhang Jilei , Jones David , Kitchens Shane , Martin William V. , Yu Han 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Lateral shear resistance capacities of face-to-face single-staple and one-row vertically aligned multistaple joints in three oriented strandboards (OSB) were investigated and compared. Experimental results from testing single-staple joints indicated that the face strand orientation of OSB materials had no significant effect on their staple holding capacity in resisting lateral shear loads. The OSB-III with a density of 35.19 pounds per cubic foot (pcf; 563 kg/m3) had a significantly higher lateral shear resistance capacity than OSB-II, with a density of 29.12 pcf (466 kg/m3). Results of multistaple joints indicated that there was no significant difference in lateral shear load resistance capacities between OSB-II and OSB-III joints. The lateral shear load resistance capacity of multistaple joints increased significantly as the number of staples increased from two to four in increments of one. Two alternative power equations were suggested to estimate the lateral shear load resistance capacity of face-to-face one-row vertically aligned multistaple joints in OSB. One equation requires knowing the lateral shear resistance load of single-staple joints in an OSB material, and the other one requires knowing the density of the OSB material constructing the joints.
Wood Preservation Based on Neem Oil: Evaluation of Fungicidal and Termiticidal Effectiveness
Authors: Machado Gilmara de Oliveira , Cookson Laurie J , Christoforo André Luis , Polito Wagner L , da Silva Marcio Rogério , Junior Carlito Calil , Lahr Francisco Antonio Rocco 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This research examined oil from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) for its potential as an eco-friendly wood preservative. In contrast to expectations from the literature, according to which neem oil should be effective against insects and fungi, neem oil performed poorly as a preservative for Pinus radiata D. Don wood, which suffered significant mass losses in the bioassays. Using standard experimental procedures from the wood preservation industry, concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 percent neem oil in white spirit were bioassayed against five species of decay fungi. Additionally, concentrations of 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 percent neem oil were bio assayed against two species of termites. It is concluded that neem oil can only be useful as a wood preservative if new, optimized formulations are sought, probably exploiting synergy with cobiocides.
Modeling the Process of Drying Biomass in a Fixed Bed
Authors: Yang Hai , Milota Michael R. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
An alternative to a rotary dryer for biomass is a bed dryer. In this type of dryer, the wood particles are stationary, and the air passes upward through them. Compared with rotary dryers, bed dryers may be more economical to operate on a small scale. The present work investigated drying biomass in a fixed bed dryer.
The drying characteristics of wood biomass were measured using a thin-layer drying technique at inlet gas conditions of 50°C to 200°C and 0.3 to 0.9 m/s. The drying behavior was modeled using a one-parameter Newton model. The thin-layer model was then used in a deep bed model to predict drying times and moisture profiles in the bed. Drying times based on the model at depths up to 23 cm were within −22 to +12 percent, and typically within ±4 percent, of the experimental results.
A drying zone ranging from 0.13 to 0.18 m in depth moves up the bed as drying occurs. The biomass is wet above and dry below this zone, resulting in considerable variability in moisture content within the bed. The material in an industrial dryer would need to be mixed or a dryer would need to be designed with stages if a uniform moisture content among the particles was an important criterion.
Effect of Setting during Construction on Properties of Douglas-Fir Plywood and Oriented Strandboard Flooring
Authors: Meza Luis , Sinha Arijit , Morrell Jeffrey J. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The effects of rainfall exposure on panel integrity were investigated for oriented strandboard and plywood. Both panel materials experienced substantial increases in moisture content and thickness with limited rainfall exposure and these were coupled with decreases in flexural properties. The results showed that even short-term rainfall exposure was detrimental to the properties of both materials and emphasized the importance of protecting these materials during construction.
Size-controllable Synthesis of Hierarchically Structured Mesoporous Anatase TiO2 Microspheres Covered With {001} Facet
Authors: Zhao Zhao , Zhao Haifeng , Zhang Guoqiang , Zhang Ligong , Sun Zaicheng 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTSynthesis of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) with both controllable size and high energy facets is technologically important for its application in photocatalysis, photoelectrochemical cell, and solar cells. Herein, we report a simple and fluorine free hydrothermal method to synthesize hierarchically nanostructured mesoporous anatase TiO2 spheres (MATS) with controllable size, which covered with nearly 100% {001} facet. Mild H2SO4 was used as both a phase-inducer formation of anatase phase and a capping agent to promote oriented growth and formation of {001} facet. PVP acted as morphology control agent to prevent growing larger of the mesoporous anatase TiO2 spheres (MATS) with ∼600 nm in size. Detailed XRD and SEM studies suggested that formation of MTAS is a typical nucleation and growth process. The refining or reconstruction of TiO2 crystal structure during growth resulted in mesoporous crystalline framework that exhibits enhanced photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B.
Growth, structure and properties of magnetron sputtered ultra-thin WTi films
Authors: Le Priol A. , Le Bourhis E. , Renault P.-O. , Simonot L. , Abadias G. , Muller P. , Sik H. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTRefractory metal alloy WTi films were elaborated by magnetron sputtering from an alloyed target (W:Ti ∼ 70:30 at%). Film continuity threshold has been determined at 4.5 ± 0.2 nm using in situ surface differential reflectance (SDR) technique. Prior to film continuity, deposition of a continuous interfacial layer is suggested by both in situ and real-time SDR and wafer-curvature techniques. After continuity, WxTi1-x films (9.5 nm thick WTi films) have a body-centered structure with a {110} fiber texture. Composition (x) and microstructure can be tuned varying working pressure. A transition from compressive to tensile residual stresses was observed by ex situ XRD and wafer-curvature methods. Size dependent resistivity is obtained and slightly varies as a function of working pressure.
Development of high-current ionic liquid ion source toward surface modification
Authors: Takeuchi Mitsuaki , Hamaguchi Takuya , Ryuto Hiromichi , Takaoka Gikan H 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIonic liquid (IL) ion sources with different emitter tip materials and tip numbers were developed and examined on ion beam characteristics with respect to its ILs wettability. As a result of ion current measurements, the most stable emission current was obtained for the graphite emitter tip and the ion current increased with increase of the tip number. The results indicate that the emitter wettability corresponding to the supplying flow rate and the number of emission site play an important role to stabilize and increase the beam current.
Protic ionic liquid-based thermoelectrochemical cells for the harvesting of waste heat.
Authors: Abraham Theodore J. , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Baughman Ray H. , Li Na , Chen Yongshen , Pringle Jennifer M. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe ability to efficiently harvest heat as a source of sustainable energy would make a significant contribution to reducing our current reliance on fossil fuels. Waste heat sources, such as those produced in industrial processes or through geothermal activity, are extensive, often continuous, and at present severely underutilised. Thermoelectrochemical cells offer an alternative design to the traditional semiconductor-based thermoelectric devices and offer thepromise of continuous and cheap operation at moderate temperatures, low maintenance and with no carbon emissions. They utilise two electrodes, held at different temperatures, separated by an electrolyte containing a redox couple. It is the temperature dependence of the electrochemical redox potential that generates the potential difference across the device as a result of the appliedtemperature difference. The magnitude of this redox potential temperature dependence is given by the Seebeck coefficient, Se. Until recently, research into thermoelectrochemical cells had primarily focused on aqueous media, predominantly with the Fe(CN)63-/4- redox couple.[1] However, the good thermal and electrochemical stability, non-volatility and non-flammability ofmany ionic liquids make them promising alternative electrolytes for these devices. The use of ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes offers potential advantages that include increased thermoelectrochemical device efficiencies and lifetimes and the ability to utilise low temperature (often “waste”) heat sources in the 100 – 200 °C temperature range.[2] Here we discuss our research into the use of the Fe(CN)63-/4- redox couple in protic IL electrolytes, with different amounts of added water, in a thermoelectrochemical device with platinum and single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) electrodes.
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Functionalization of Dry-spun Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Sheets and its application in CNT-Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Composites
Authors: Malik Rachit , Song Yi , Alvarez Noe , Ruff Brad , Haase Mark , Suberu Bolaji , Gilpin Andrew , Schulz Mark , Shanov Vesselin 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTRobust sheets comprised of aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) drawn from spin-able carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays were developed. Surface modification of these sheets was carried out via an atmospheric pressure plasma jet as a post-treatment process. Helium/Oxygen plasma was utilized to produce carboxyl (-COO-) functionality on the surface of the nanotubes. Raman Spectroscopy, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy confirm the presence of functional groups on the nanotube surface. Composite laminates made from functionalized CNT sheets in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix demonstrate increase in tensile strength over those made with pristine sheets used as reinforcement material.
Interaction of phase transformation and magneto- and elastocaloric properties of Heusler alloys
Authors: Entel Peter , Sokolovskiy Vladimir V. , Buchelnikov Vasiliy D. , Comtesse Denis , Acet Mehmet 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe structural, electronic and magnetic properties of functional Ni-Mn-(Ga, In, Sn) and Pt-Ni-(Ga, Sn) alloys are studied by first-principles and Monte Carlo tools. The ab initio calculations give a basic understanding of the underlying physics which is associated with the complex magnetic behavior arising from the competition of ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions for excess Mn atoms in the unit cell. We show that the resulting complex magnetic ordering is the driving mechanism of structural transformations and multifunctional properties of Heusler alloys associated with magnetic shape-memory, magnetocaloric and elastocaloric effects. The thermodynamic properties can be calculated by using the ab initio magnetic exchange parameters in finite-temperature Monte Carlo simulations. Entropy and specific heat changes associated with the magnetic changes and emergence of microstructure across the magnetostructural transition are pointed out. We show how to optimize the functional properties by tuning the compositional changes, for example, a magnetic shape-memory effect of more than 14% can be achieved in Pt-Ni-Mn-Ga alloys. The theoretical studies are accompanied by experimental investigations.