bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive phenology of epiphytes in Monteverde, Costa Rica
Authors: Sheldon Kimberly S. , Nadkarni Nalini M. 
Published: October 2015

<p>La fenología de las plantas, o el cronograma de eventos en el ciclo de vida, es importante para la comprensión de la ecología vegetal, la dinámica de los bosques y de las interacciones planta-animal. En los bosques tropicales, los estudios que documentan la fenología de las epífitas son relativamente pocos debido a los desafíos que representa darles seguimiento a las plantas que viven en el dosel. Aquí se presenta un reporte de los patrones fenológicos de 279 individuos de 7 especies de epífitas que abarca 12 meses en un bosque montano tropical en Monteverde, Costa Rica. Las epífitas se encuentran en una de las dos especies de árboles comunes, <em>Ficus tuerckheimii</em> (Moraceae) u <em>Ocotea tonduzii </em>(Lauraceae). Se registró la floración y fructificación (i.e. cuando la fruta madura o inmadura está presente en la planta) de las plantas de estudio en intervalos mensuales y examinó la fenología a través de las estaciones en el sitio de estudio (i.e. estación húmeda, transición, o seca) y el síndrome de polinizadores (ave- , o insecto-polinización ) y el síndrome de dispersión de semillas (ave-, murciélago-, o viento- dispersión) de cada planta. Aunque la mayoría de las especies de epífitas tuvieron flores y frutos durante todo el año, la mayoría mostró estacionalidad significativa en los eventos fenológicos. Con base en estadísticas circulares, el tiempo de floración promedio de las especies de epífitas es variado, sin embargo, el momento de la fructificación promedio para la mayoría de las especies tiende a ocurrir durante la estación húmeda. Especies de insectos y aves de polinización tenían pico de floración durante la estación seca y la estación lluviosa tarde, respectivamente. Frutas dispersadas por aves estaban presentes todos los meses del año con picos de febrero a octubre y de nuevo en diciembre. Frutas dispersadas por el viento se observaron ocho meses del año con un pico en la temporada de lluvias temprana. El momento de la floración de las epífitas coincidió con la floración de árboles de gran tamaño en la zona. La fructificación de las epífitas, sin embargo, fue diferente de la fructificación de los árboles de gran tamaño. Nuestros resultados ponen de manifiesto el carácter estacional de la floración y fructificación de las especies epífitas individuales, además de destacar el carácter asincrónico de los eventos fenológicos entre toda la comunidad de epífitas. </p>
Morphology of the immature stages and biology of Cactoblastis doddi (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Prepuna in Jujuy (Northwestern Argentina).
Authors: Gomez Graciela Cecilia , Neder de Román Lilia Estela , Linares Mario Alfredo , Zamar María Inés 
Published: October 2015

<p>En el noroeste argentino se reconocen cinco especies o biotipos del género <em>Cactoblastis</em> Ragonot sobre cactáceas: <em>C. cactorum </em>(Berg),<em> C. bucyrus </em>Dyar,<em> C. mundelli </em>Heinrich,<em> C. doddi </em>Heinrich<em> </em>y<em> C. ronnai </em>(Brèthes). <em>Cactoblastis</em> <em>doddi</em> se alimenta de <em>Opuntia sulphurea</em>, cactácea nativa. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron caracterizar morfológicamente los estados inmaduros de <em>C. doddi</em> y conocer aspectos bioecológicos (duración del desarrollo, distribución, parasitoides larvales) para comprender la interacción insecto-planta. Se realizaron muestreos en siete sitios ubicados a distintas altitudes (2 100-3 100 m) en la prepuna jujeña, Argentina. Cada muestra consistió de cinco cladodios de <em>O. sulphurea</em> infestados por sitio. En laboratorio se realizó la cría del lepidóptero bajo las siguientes condiciones: temperatura: 23 ± 3 °C; humedad relativa: 69 ± 11 % y fotoperiodo de 12 horas luz-12 horas oscuridad. <em>Cactoblastis doddi</em> tuvo dos generaciones anuales en laboratorio: una larga de invierno (&gt; 258 días) y una corta de verano (147 días), ambas con siete estadios larvales. Se describieron morfológicamente todos los estadios. Se detectaron dos parasitoides larvales: <em>Apanteles opuntiarum</em> Martínez y Berta y <em>Habrobracon </em>sp. Se confirma y amplía la distribución argentina de <em>C. doddi</em> a la localidad de Coraya, Jujuy (3 069 m).</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
An uncommon pyrene type and two new genera in the Neotropical Psychotrieae (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Borhidi A. L. , Martínez Salas E. , Ramos Álvarez C. H. 
Published: October 2015

A new pyrene type is reported, it is morphologically different from that found in the genera Palicourea and Psychotria. This new type is characterised by being triangulate in transverse section with an elevated central-dorsal crest. It was observed in two species of Palicourea with dissimilar floral characteristics. Based on this finding, we propose to transfer Palicourea tetragona (Donn.-Sm.) C. M. Taylor et Lorence to Mexocarpus gen. nov., and Palicourea seemannii Standl. to Ditrichanthus gen. nov.
Resumen. Se ha detectado un nuevo tipo de pireno morfológicamente distinto de los ampliamente conocidos en los géneros Palicourea y Psychotria. El nuevo tipo se caracteriza por presentar sección transversal triangular y una cresta dorsal-central muy prominente; contrastando con la sección transversal semicircular, dorsalmente lisa o inconspicuamente 3–5 costulada de los géneros ya mencionados. Este tipo de pireno se observó en dos especies de Palicourea con características florales diferentes entre sí. Con base en estos hallazgos se proponen dos géneros nuevos: Mexocarpus basado en Palicourea tetragona (Donn.-Sm.) C. M. Taylor et Lorence y Ditrichanthus apoyado en Palicourea seemannii Standl.
Color mimicry of empty seeds influences the probability of predation by birds
Authors: Myczko Łukasz , Skórka Piotr , Dylewski Łukasz , Sparks Tim H. , Tryjanowski Piotr 
Published: October 2015

Seeds are under strong pressure from seed predators. Therefore any physical seed trait increasing the chances of the seed's survival should undergo positive selection. Seed color polymorphism, varying from pale to dark seeds, occurs in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), a keystone species of coniferous forests in Eurasia. This phenomenon can be explained by the production of large quantities of empty, always pale colored, seeds, with the opportunity for mimicry of these worthless seeds to avoid predation. Here, we investigated how the color of empty seeds may influence the foraging choices of the most common visual seed predator in temperate forests, the Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs).We show, from field experiments, that different colored seed had different probabilities of predation by the chaffinch, and that predation was highest for dark seeds and lowest for pale empty seeds. Thus, the occurrence of empty seeds might benefit full seeds which mimic their coloration, even for those which are highly visible on the ground.In conclusion, the study demonstrated that mimicry by seeds of the color of the ground did not improve their survival but the production of pale full seeds resembling empty seeds did. This contradicts previous results and indicates that color polymorphism may reduce the predation rate by birds.
Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Prognosis of Mental Health Among US Veterans
Authors: Trivedi Ranak B. , Post Edward P. , Sun Haili , Pomerantz Andrew , Saxon Andrew J. , Piette John D. , Maynard Charles , Arnow Bruce , Curtis Idamay , Fihn Stephan D. , Nelson Karin 
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We evaluated the association of mental illnesses with clinical outcomes among US veterans and evaluated the effects of Primary Care–Mental Health Integration (PCMHI). Methods. A total of 4 461 208 veterans were seen in the Veterans Health Administration’s patient-centered medical homes called Patient Aligned Care Teams (PACT) in 2010 and 2011, of whom 1 147 022 had at least 1 diagnosis of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance use disorder (SUD), anxiety disorder, or serious mental illness (SMI; i.e., schizophrenia or bipolar disorder). We estimated 1-year risk of emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and mortality by mental illness category and by PCMHI involvement. Results. A quarter of all PACT patients reported 1 or more mental illnesses. Depression, SMI, and SUD were associated with increased risk of hospitalization or death. PTSD was associated with lower odds of ED visits and mortality. Having 1 or more contact with PCMHI was associated with better outcomes. Conclusions. Mental illnesses are associated with poor outcomes, but integrating mental health treatment in primary care may be associated with lower risk of those outcomes.
Cement Quality Control Program Shows Substantial Savings
Authors: Bergeron H. A. , Grant W. H. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
The importance of controlled fluid loss, free water and proper blending of additives for successful primary cementing has been well documented by several authors'. In those studies only cement bond logs were used to indicate improvement or failures in the cement job.
This paper will show improved results and monetary savings using controlled cement slurry properties and incorporating good field practices, including the use of spacers, controlled displacement rates, proper centralization, casing movement, and close monitoring of the blending of the cement. This monitoring of slurry properties and field practices will be referred to as a cement quality control program.
This study concentrates on eight Chevron operated onshore and offshore fields in southern California. In this division approximately 135 wells with over 180 casing strings were analyzed. These wells range in depth from 2,000 (610m) to 14,000 (4270m) feet and were drilled from 1980 to the present. Two-thirds of the wells were drilled prior to initiation of the cement quality control program which began in August of 1985.
Case History: PC Analysis of Bit Records Enhances Drilling Operations in Southern Alabama
Authors: Thomas J. M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Kelly # 1 was drilled on a footage basis in Escambia Co. Alabama. Computer bit record analysis provided summarized information in a format easily read and understood by field personnel. Using the PC to compare surrounding bit records on a cost per foot basis, the best bit type, WOB and RPM for a given section of hole were identified. Based on the analysis, field personnel were able to improve bit selection resulting in three bit runs having the lowest cost per foot in a given section of hole and an overall lower cost per foot drilling operation.
New Makeup Method for API Connections
Authors: Day J. B. , Moyer M. C. , Hirshberg A. J. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
A new method of connection make-up has been developed to provide a leak-free seal up to rated working pressure and tension for API 8-round casing and tubing threads. For many years, industry has used various techniques of torque-only and torque-turn to make-up these threads. Current industry needs and regulatory test requirements are raising the pressure sealing needs and tensile load requirements for drilling and production tubulars. This new method, Torque-Position, accounts for variances in thread tolerances, coupling coating or plating, and thread compound. Advanced finite element computer modeling is used to help establish key make-up parameters. This paper discusses the problems with current make-up methods, evaluation of the new method, and field application of the new method for casing and tubing.
Removal and Re‐use of Tar‐contaminated Sediment by Freeze‐dredging at a Coking Plant Luleå, Sweden
Authors: Rostmark Susanne C. , Colombo Manuel , Knutsson Sven , Öberg Gunilla 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT: Submerged tar‐contaminated sediment are generally very loose, which makes remediation challenging. We tested if a modified version of freeze‐dredging could be used to remove and dewater such sediment in a canal down‐stream a coking plant. PVC hoses carrying a heat medium were placed horizontally in the submerged sediment. Five days of freezing allowed straightforward removal of most of the sediment. Flat freeze cells were placed side by side in the canal to remove the rest. The freeze‐thaw process increased the dry substance content from approximately 50 to 80%. Outdoors storage under rainy conditions did not re‐wet the dried sediment. The material was successfully used as feed‐stock in the coking plant, with the double cost‐benefit of avoided transportation to deposit and reduced use of coal. The study demonstrates that freeze‐dredging can facilitate removal, storage and beneficial re‐use of submerged tar‐contaminated sediment.
Antiallergic Effects of Anti-Interleukin-33 are Associated with Suppression of Immunoglobulin Light Chain and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase
Authors: Park Chang-Shin , Jang Tae Young , Heo Min-Jeong , Jung Ah-Yeoun , Kim Young Hyo 
Published: October 2015

Objective We aimed to find novel genes that are significantly induced in allergic mice and that are significantly downregulated with anti-interleukin (IL) 33 treatment. Methods Thirty-six mice were allocated into each of group A (intraperitoneal [i.p.]) sensitized and intranasally challenged to saline solution), group B (sensitized and challenged to ovalbumin), group C (sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin, and null treatment with i.p. saline solution), and group D (sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin, and treatment with anti-IL-33 i.p. injection). We counted the number of nose-scratching in 10 minutes, serum ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), and titers of cytokines (IL-1, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. By using one whole lung from each mouse, we performed microarray analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Group D showed a significantly reduced nose-scratching events and lower serum ovalbumin-specific IgE compared with groups B and C. All the cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly decreased after anti-IL-33 treatment. Microarray analysis revealed that group B (immunoglobulin free light chain [IgFLC], 89.1 times; nitric oxide synthase [NOS] 2,11.5 times) and group C (IgFLC, 141.6 times; NOS2,11.7 times) had significantly increased expression of IgFLC and NOS2 genes compared with group A. After anti-IL-33 treatment, group D showed significantly decreased expression of both IgFLC (49.3 times) and NOS2 (6.5 times). In real-time polymerase chain reaction, groups B and C had significantly increased expression of these genes (IgFLC, 10.4 times and 29 times, respectively; NOS2, 3.8 times and 4.5 times, respectively). After treatment, group D showed significantly decreased expression of IgFLC (5.0 times) and NOS2 (2.5 times). Conclusion The antiallergic effect of anti-IL-33 can be explained by suppression of IgFLC and NOS2 in a murine model of allergic rhinitis.
Soft Tissue Mobilization to Resolve Chronic Pain and Dysfunction Associated With Postoperative Abdominal and Pelvic Adhesions: A Case Report
Authors: Wong Yui Y. , Smith Ryan W. , Koppenhaver Shane 
Published: October 2015

Study Design Case report. Background Common complications from abdominal and pelvic surgery include adhesions and chronic pain. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis is sometimes used to reduce adhesions and related pain. Physical therapy interventions, such as soft tissue mobilization (STM), may be used for this condition; however, evidence to support its effectiveness is lacking. Case Description A 28-year-old woman with a history of 5 abdominal/pelvic surgeries presented with right-sided lower abdominal and anterior hip pain, which had been present since she had undergone a laparoscopic appendectomy with a right ovarian cystectomy surgery 1 year earlier. As an active-duty member in the US Navy, due to pain and weakness, she was unable to perform required curl-ups for her fitness test. Though she had been previously treated both surgically with laparoscopic adhesiolysis and nonsurgically with physical therapy consisting of stretching and strengthening exercises, her pain and function did not improve. She was again evaluated and treated with physical therapy and, based on the examination findings, STM was used to address her pain and dysfunction, which were thought to be related to intra-abdominal adhesions. Outcomes Following 5 sessions of physical therapy over a 3-week period that included STM and therapeutic exercises, followed by 5 additional sessions over a 4-week period that focused on therapeutic exercises, the patient reported substantially decreased pain, improved function, and a full return to previous level of activity, including unrestricted physical training in a military setting. Discussion The outcomes for this patient suggest that STM may be effective as a conservative treatment option for pain and dysfunction related to intra-abdominal adhesions from abdominal/pelvic surgery. Studies with a higher level of evidence, including potential comparison between STM and traditional laparoscopic adhesiolysis, are needed to further determine benefits of nonsurgical care for this condition. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(12):1006–1016. Epub 15 Oct 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5766
Effects of Neuromuscular Fatigue on Quadriceps Strength and Activation and Knee Biomechanics in Individuals Post–Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Healthy Adults
Authors: Thomas Abbey C. , Lepley Lindsey K. , Wojtys Edward M. , McLean Scott G. , Palmieri-Smith Riann M. 
Published: October 2015

Study Design Laboratory-based experiment using a pretest/posttest design. Objectives To determine the effects of neuromuscular fatigue on quadriceps strength and activation and sagittal and frontal plane knee biomechanics during dynamic landing following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Background Impaired quadriceps central activation occurs post-ACLR, likely altering lower extremity biomechanics. Neuromuscular fatigue similarly reduces volitional muscle activation and impairs neuromuscular control. Upon return to full activity post-ACLR, individuals likely concurrently experience quadriceps central activation deficits and neuromuscular fatigue, though the effects of fatigue on muscle strength and activation and biomechanics post-ACLR are unknown. Methods Seventeen individuals 7 to 10 months post-ACLR and 16 controls participated. Quadriceps strength and central activation ratio were recorded prefatigue and postfatigue, which was induced via sets of double-leg squats. Knee biomechanics were recorded during a dynamic landing activity prefatigue and postfatigue. Results Both groups demonstrated smaller knee flexion (initial contact, P = .017; peak, P = .004) and abduction (initial contact, P = .005; peak, P = .009) angles postfatigue. The ACLR group had smaller peak knee flexion angles (P<.001) prefatigue and postfatigue than controls. Knee flexion moment was smaller in those post-ACLR than controls prefatigue (P<.001), but not postfatigue (P = .103). Controls had smaller knee flexion moments postfatigue (P = .001). Knee abduction moment was smaller in both groups postfatigue (P = .003). All participants demonstrated significantly lower strength (P<.001) and activation (P = .003) postfatigue. Conclusion Impaired strength, central activation, and biomechanics were present postfatigue in both groups, suggesting that neuromuscular fatigue may increase noncontact ACL injury risk. However, these changes were not exaggerated in those post-ACLR, likely because they already demonstrated a stiff-legged landing strategy prefatigue. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(12):1042–1050. Epub 15 Oct 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5785
Effects of Cooling During Exercise on Thermoregulatory Responses of Men With Paraplegia
Authors: Bongers Coen C.W.G. , Eijsvogels Thijs M.H. , van Nes Ilse J.W. , Hopman Maria T.E. , Thijssen Dick H.J. 
Published: October 2015

Background
People with spinal cord injury (SCI) have an altered afferent input to the thermoregulatory center, resulting in a reduced efferent response (vasomotor control and sweating capacity) below the level of the lesion. Consequently, core body temperature rises more rapidly during exercise in individuals with SCI compared with people who are able-bodied. Cooling strategies may reduce the thermophysiological strain in SCI.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a cooling vest on the core body temperature response of people with a thoracic SCI during submaximal exercise.

Methods
Ten men (mean age=44 years, SD=11) with a thoracic lesion (T4–T5 or below) participated in this randomized crossover study. Participants performed two 45-minute exercise bouts at 50% maximal workload (ambient temperature 25°C), with participants randomized to a group wearing a cooling vest or a group wearing no vest (separate days). Core body temperature and skin temperature were continuously measured, and thermal sensation was assessed every 3 minutes.

Results
Exercise resulted in an increased core body temperature, skin temperature, and thermal sensation, whereas cooling did not affect core body temperature. The cooling vest effectively decreased skin temperature, increased the core-to-trunk skin temperature gradient, and tended to lower thermal sensation compared with the control condition.

Limitations
The lack of differences in core body temperature among conditions may be a result of the relative moderate ambient temperature in which the exercise was performed.

Conclusions
Despite effectively lowering skin temperature and increasing the core-to-trunk skin temperature gradient, there was no impact of the cooling vest on the exercise-induced increase in core body temperature in men with low thoracic SCI.
The natural history of cerebral cavernous malformations in children
Authors: Gross Bradley A. , Du Rose , Orbach Darren B. , Scott R. Michael , Smith Edward R. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CMs) are a source of neurological morbidity from seizures and focal neurological deficits due to mass effect and hemorrhage. Although several natural history reports exist for adults with CMs, similar data for pediatric patients are limited.

METHODS
The authors reviewed hospital databases to identify children with CMs who had not been treated surgically and who had clinical and radiological follow-up. Annual hemorrhage rates were calculated in lesion-years, and risk factors were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS
In a cohort of 167 patients with 222 CMs, the mean patient age at the time of diagnosis was 10.1 years old (SD 6.0). Ninety patients (54%) were male. One hundred four patients (62%) presented with hemorrhage from at least 1 CM, 58 (35%) with seizures with or without CM hemorrhage, and 43 (26%) with incidental lesions. Twenty-five patients (15%) had multiple CMs, 17 (10%) had a family history of CMs, and 33 (20%) had radiologically apparent developmental venous anomalies (DVAs). The overall annual hemorrhage rate was 3.3%. Permanent neurological morbidity was 29% per hemorrhage, increasing to 45% for brainstem, thalamic, or basal ganglia CM and decreasing to 15% for supratentorial lobar or cerebellar lesions. The annual hemorrhage rate for incidental CMs was 0.5%; for hemorrhagic CMs, it was 11.3%, increasing to 18.2% within the first 3 years. Hemorrhage clustering within 3 years was statistically significant (HR 6.1, 95% CI 1.72–21.7, p = 0.005). On multivariate analysis, hemorrhagic presentation (HR 4.63, 95% CI 1.53–14.1, p = 0.007), brainstem location (HR 4.42, 95% CI 1.57–12.4, p = 0.005), and an associated radiologically apparent DVA (HR 2.91, 95% CI 1.04–8.09, p = 0.04) emerged as significant risk factors for hemorrhage, whereas age, sex, CM multiplicity, and CM family history did not.

CONCLUSIONS
Prior hemorrhage, brainstem location, and associated DVAs are significant risk factors for symptomatic hemorrhage in children with CMs. Hemorrhage clustering within the first 3 years of a bleed can occur, a potentially important factor in patient management and counseling.