bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Total Synthesis of Gracilioethers B and C.
Authors: Norris Matthew D. , Perkins Michael V. , Sorensen Erik J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Gracilioethers B (I) and C (II) are synthesized from readily available oxazolidinone in 9 steps with 40% overall yield and 10 steps with 34% overall yields, respectively.
Oxygen‐Ions‐Mediated Pseudocapacitive Charge Storage in Molybdenum Trioxide Nanobelts
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Wang Xu , Lee Pooi See 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHere we demonstrate the effect of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution on the generation of various kinds of oxygen ions, mainly peroxide (O22−) and superoxide (O2−) ions, on the surface of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nanobelts. Due to O22− and O2− ions, the mechanism of charge storage shows an interplay between surface‐controlled and diffusion‐controlled redox reactions. The concentration of H2O2 is indicative of the strength of hydrogen bonding, which significantly affects the concentration or coordination of the surface species (O2−, O22−, Mo5+ and Mo6+) that are available to interact with the electrolyte ions. By altering the concentration of the surface species (IO2−/IO22−, IMo5+/IMo6+), a specific capacitance as high as 210 F g−1 is achieved for MoO3 nanobelts at an applied current density of 0.5 A g−1, with relatively good cycling stability (≈85 %) after 2000 cycles.
TEMPO‐Oxidized Cellulose Cross‐Linked with Branched Polyethyleneimine: Nanostructured Adsorbent Sponges for Water Remediation
Authors: Melone Lucio , Rossi Bianca , Pastori Nadia , Panzeri Walter , Mele Andrea , Punta Carlo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAdsorbent sponges for water remediation were prepared using TEMPO‐oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNFs) as three‐dimensional scaffolds, and branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI, 25 KDa) as the cross‐linking agent. TOCNFs were suspended in aqueous solution in the presence of variable amounts of bPEI. The mixtures were first freeze‐dried and then thermally treated (from 60 to 102 °C over 10 h) promoting the formation of amide bonds between the carboxylic groups of TOCNF and the primary amines of bPEI. The resulting materials, which were characterized by FTIR and 13C CP‐MAS NMR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and elemental analysis, showed higher chemical and mechanical stability in water than non‐reticulated cellulose composites. The high adsorption capability of the new sponges was verified for different organic pollutants (p‐nitrophenol, 2,4,5‐trichlorophenol, and amoxicillin), and heavy metal ion pollutants (Cu, Co, Ni, Cd), indicating their potential for water decontamination.
Assessing entrainment of bed material in a debris‐flow event: a theoretical approach incorporating Monte Carlo method
Authors: Han Zheng , Chen Guangqi , Li Yange , He Yi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEntrainment of underlying bed sediment by a debris flow can significantly increase the debris‐flow magnitude. To study this phenomenon, a theoretical approach to assessing bed‐sediment entrainment is presented. The approach is based on a static approximation that bed‐sediment entrainment occurs when the shearing stress of the flow is sufficiently high to overcome the basal resistance of the bed sediment. In order to delineate erodible zones in a channel, we analyze the critical condition of this static equilibrium model, and subsequently propose a new concept of a critical line to detect the entrainment reaches in a channel. Considering the spatial and temporal uncertainties of the input parameter, the approach is further incorporated within a Monte Carlo method, and the distribution of entrainment zones and post‐entrainment volumes can be analyzed. This approach is illustrated by back‐analysis of the 2010 Yohutagawa debris‐flow event, Japan. Results from 10 000 trials of Monte Carlo simulation are compared with the in situ surveys. It is shown that the present approach can be satisfactorily used to delineate erodible zones and estimate possible entrainment volume of the event. Discussion regarding the sensitivities and limitations of the approach concludes the paper. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy Expenditure in Lean and Obese Prepubertal Children
Authors: DeLany James P. , Harsha David W. , Kime James C. , Kumler Julie , Melancon Louis , Bray George A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe relationship between energy expenditure and obesity was examined in prepubertal children. Consenting fifth graders underwent Tanner Staging, weight, height and skinfold measurements. Subjects were selected for further study to obtain equal numbers of girls and boys with a wide range of body composition. Weight, total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) by doubly labeled water (DLW), resting metabolic rate (RMR), and body composition were measured. Children were grouped into level of obesity based on tertiles of subscapular plus triceps skinfolds. The skinfold tertiles did quite well in grouping subjects by degree of obesity, as differences in percent fat in each tertile were significantly different. There were no differences in fat‐free mass between the groups, while the highest tertile group weighed 14 kg more than the lowest. For DLW, energy expenditure was calculated using day 8 and day 9 urine samples as the final time point to examine precision. Mean energy expenditure using either day was nearly identical (2220 ± 400 vs. 2300 ± 370 kcal/d), with a CV of the difference of 5.5%. No differences in RMR, energy expended in activity, or TDEE between the three groups were observed. A reduction in RMR or TDEE could not explain differences in obesity in these prepubertal children. However, the fact that the heaviest children expended the same amount of energy in activity and had the same TDEE as the leanest, while weighing 14 kg more, indicates that the obese children had a reduced activity level.
Design, Synthesis of Novel Thiourea and Pyrimidine Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents
Authors: Abu‐Hashem Ameen A. , Badria Farid A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract1,3‐Bis‐(arylidene)thiourea derivatives (11a‐c) were prepared by reacting thiourea (9) with bezaldehyde, p‐chlorobenzaldehyde or p‐anisaldehyde (10a‐c) respectively. Further reaction of (11b) with acetyl acetone, ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile and acetic anhydride gave tetrahydropyrimidine‐2‐thiones (12‐14) and 1,3‐diacetyl thiourea (15). Compound (11b) reacted with chloroacetyl chloride to give the corresponding pyrimidin‐4‐one derivative (16). Reaction of (12‐14) with acetic acid in aqueous sodium nitrite yielded the corresponding oxime derivatives (17‐19). The triazole (20) was achieved via refluxing of (19) in dimethylformamide. Reaction of (16) with mercaptoacetyl chloride gave the sulfanyl‐acetic acid (21) which afforded the dihydrazinyl (22) up on treatment with hydrazine hydrate. Newly synthesized compounds ware characterized by elemental analyses and spectral data (IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and mass spectra). The investigated compounds were screened for their cytotoxicity, i.e. compounds 19, 20 and 22 exhibited highly potential antitumor activity.
Analytical Solutions of the Schrödinger Equation with Power Potentials
Authors: Karwowski Jacek , Witek Henryk A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractConditions for the existence of polynomial solutions of the Schrödinger equation with potentials which are linear combinations of powers of r ranging from −2 to 2m, where m is a non‐negative integer, are derived and explicit expressions for the coefficients are given. Potentials withm= 0, 1, 2 are discussed in detail.
Significant extra‐tropical anomalies in the lead up to the Black Saturday fires
Authors: Fiddes Sonya L. , Pezza Alexandre B. , Renwick James 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBlack Saturday (BS), 7 February 2009, is recognized as Australia's most severe bushfire event on record. The meteorology that day, although extreme, was typical of southeast Australian bushfire events, characterized by gusty northerly winds before a cool change brought strong southerly winds and a dramatic temperature drop. This study investigates a range of extra‐tropical atmospheric (pressure, temperatures) and oceanic temperature anomalies that occurred on or leading up to BS. Results show several parameters were within the top 5% or were record breaking for the satellite era. Of particular note are the anomalies that occurred over the Antarctic region, having the strongest signal and appearing in unison with the pre‐BS heatwave. We suggest that a combination of a warm polar ocean and an enhanced mid‐latitude thermal contrast in the Indian Ocean aided in triggering sub‐polar blocking and an intense cyclone, which brought the catastrophic cold front on BS.
Application of a likelihood ratio approach in solving a comparison problem of Raman spectra recorded for blue automotive paints
Authors: Michalska Aleksandra , Martyna Agnieszka , Zięba‐Palus Janina , Zadora Grzegorz 
Published: June 2015

Evidential values of Raman spectra recorded for solid and metallic blue car paints were evaluated using visual comparison as well as a statistical approach, i.e. likelihood ratio (LR) test supported by Empirical Cross Entropy (ECE) results. Raman spectra were obtained using a Renishaw inVia spectrometer equipped with a confocal Leica microscope and a near infrared semiconductor laser (785 nm) as an excitation source.When a visual comparison was performed for solid paints, in 17.7% of comparisons (53 pairs out of 300) the samples were indistinguishable, whereas for metallic paints this value was 8.5% of such comparisons (37 pairs out of 435). Comparing the spectra using an LR approach was based on variables being the areas under the most significant Raman spectra bands of pigments present in the analysed samples. Proposed LR models delivered low false positive and false negative rates (for many models lower than 10%), and the ECE plots confirmed that their performance was much better than visual comparison. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successive Synthesis of Multiarmed and Multicomponent Star‐Branched Polymers by New Iterative Methodology Based on Linking Reaction between Block Copolymer In‐Chain Anion and α‐Phenylacrylate‐Functionalized Polymer
Authors: Ito Shotaro , Goseki Raita , Manners Ian , Ishizone Takashi , Hirao Akira 
Published: June 2015

A series of multiarmed and multicomponent miktoarm (μ‐) star polymers have been successfully synthesized by developing a new iterative methodology based on a specially designed linking reaction of the block copolymer in‐chain anions, whose anions are positioned between the blocks, with α‐phenylacrylate (PA)‐functionalized polymers. The iterative methodology involves the following two reaction steps: a) introduction of two different polymer segments by the linking reaction of a block copolymer in‐chain anion with a PA‐functionalized polymer and b) regeneration of the PA reaction site. By repeating this reaction sequence, two different polymer segments are advantageously and successively introduced into the μ‐star polymer. In practice, repetition of the reaction sequence affords well‐defined 3‐arm ABC, 5‐arm ABCDE, 7‐arm ABCDEFG, and even 9‐arm ABCDEFGHI μ‐star polymers, composed of polystyrene, polystyrenes substituted with functional groups, polyisoprene, and poly(alkyl methacrylate) arms, respectively.
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Proximal conduction block in the pharyngeal–cervical–brachial variant of guillain–barrÉ syndrome
Authors: Taieb Guillaume , Grapperon Aude‐Marie , Duclos Yann , Franques Jérôme , Labauge Pierre , Renard Dimitri , Yuki Nobuhiro , Attarian Shahram 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Conduction block (CB) has been included in the Rajabally criteria for axonal Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). Because the nerve roots may be affected early in GBS, detection of proximal CB by the triple stimulation technique (TST) can be useful. Methods: We describe TST findings in 2 patients who presented with the pharyngeal–cervical–brachial (PCB) variant of axonal GBS. Results: In the first patient, although conventional nerve conduction studies (NCS) did not fit electrodiagnostic criteria for axonal GBS, the TST detected proximal CB in the median and ulnar nerves. In the second patient, NCS fulfilled criteria for axonal GBS, and the TST detected proximal CB in the median nerve. After plasmapheresis, NCS and TST findings were normalized, suggesting reversible conduction failure rather than demyelinating CB. Conclusion: The TST may be useful for diagnosis of PCB when NCS remain inconclusive. The technique provides additional clues for classifying PCB into the acute nodo‐paranodopathies. Muscle Nerve 52: 1102–1106, 2015
Abnormal body mass index at diagnosis in patients with Ewing sarcoma is associated with inferior tumor necrosis
Authors: Goldstein Gal , Shemesh Erez , Frenkel Tal , Jacobson Jeffrey M. , Toren Amos 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundAbnormal body mass index (BMI) in cancer patients at diagnosis has been associated with lower survival rates. The degree of tumor necrosis after induction chemotherapy in Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is highly associated with treatment failure. We analyzed the effect of BMI on tumor necrosis in children and young adults undergoing induction treatment for EWS.ProcedureRetrospective review of BMI and tumor necrosis in children and young adults with EWS. Patients were grouped into normal and abnormal BMI groups. Multivariate logistic regression and multivariate Cox regression were used to evaluate the impact of BMI on tumor necrosis, recurrence of disease, and survival.ResultsFifty patients who underwent resection of the tumor were eligible. Of them, 32 (64%) and 18 (36%) had normal and abnormal BMI, respectively. Poor histologic response (PR), defined as tumor necrosis of less than 90%, was achieved in 35 (70%) patients. When comparing abnormal to normal BMI, there were more cases of PR [9 (50%) vs. 6 (19%) (P = 0.025)], more relapses [8 (44%) vs. 8 (25%) (P = 0.164)], and more deaths [10 (57%) vs. 7 (22%) (P = 0.040)], respectively. Abnormal BMI was independently associated with PR (OR 4.33, 95% CI 1.12–19.14 P = 0.034) and worse overall survival (HR 2.76, 95% CI 1.19–9.99 P = 0.022), while it had no impact on event free survival.ConclusionsThe association between abnormal BMI and lower survival in EWS is presumed to be due to PR to chemotherapy. These findings stress the significance of BMI on treatment response in malignant diseases. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlling effective interactions and spatial dispersion of nanoparticles in multiblock copolymer melts
Authors: Banerjee Debapriya , Schweizer Kenneth S. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe microscopic Polymer Reference Interaction Site Model theory is employed to study, for the first time, the effective interactions, spatial organization, and miscibility of dilute spherical nanoparticles in non‐microphase separating, chemically heterogeneous, compositionally symmetric AB multiblock copolymer melts of varying monomer sequence or architecture. The dependence of nanoparticle wettability on copolymer sequence and chemistry results in interparticle potentials‐of‐mean force that are qualitatively different from homopolymers. An important prediction is the ability to improve nanoparticle dispersion via judicious choice of block length and monomer adsorption‐strengths which control both local surface segregation and chain connectivity induced packing constraints and frustration. The degree of dispersion also depends strongly on nanoparticle diameter relative to the block contour length. Small particles in copolymers with longer block lengths experience a more homopolymer‐like environment which renders them relatively insensitive to copolymer chemical heterogeneity and hinders dispersion. Larger particles (sufficiently larger than the monomer diameter) in copolymers of relatively short block lengths provide better dispersion than either a homopolymer or random copolymer. The theory also predicts a novel widening of the miscibility window for large particles upon increasing the overall molecular weight of copolymers composed of relatively long blocks. The influence of a positive chi‐parameter in the pure copolymer melt is briefly studied. Quantitative application to fullerenes in specific copolymers of experimental interest is performed, and miscibility predictions are made. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1098–1111
Phonon signature of the high‐pressure rocksalt phase of InN
Authors: Kunc K. , Polian A. , Demangeot F. , Briot O. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPhonon dispersion and phonon density of states of the high‐pressure rocksalt phase of InN are calculated ab initio, at different pressures, using the density functional perturbation theory. Born effective charge , LDA values of dielectric constant and of the electronic gap are obtained as well. Building on the theoretical knowledge of phonon frequencies and their evolution with pressure, we attempt to interpret the set of six bands found previously in Raman spectra of epitaxial layers and of InN‐nanowires.
EBIC and LBIC investigations of dislocation trails in Si
Authors: Feklisova O. V. , Orlov V. I. , Yakimov E. B. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe recombination properties of dislocation trails formed behind moving dislocations in plastically deformed Si have been investigated by the electron beam induced current and laser beam induced current methods. It is found that for dislocations moving with a velocity lower than 10–5cm/s the contrast of dislocation trails does not noticeably depend on the velocity value. It is shown that the dislocation type is not unique parameter determining the recombination activity of defects in the dislocation trails. A dislocation bending in near surface layers is found also to affect the defect formation in the dislocation trails. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Control of extended defects in cast and seed cast Si ingots for photovoltaic application
Authors: Sekiguchi Takashi , Jiptner Karolin , Prakash Ronit R. , Chen Jun , Miyamura Yoshiji , Harada Hirofumi , Nakano Satoshi , Gao Bin , Kakimoto Koichi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe discuss the defect evolution in conventional cast and seed cast Si ingot growths for photovoltaic application. Three different cast Si ingots were grown in one directional solidification furnace. The two extremes are the seed cast ingots (mono‐Si), where growth starts from monocrystalline silicon seeds, and the multicrystalline silicon grown from small randomly oriented grains. The conventional multicrystalline (mc‐) cast Si ingots are grown without any seeds and have grain structures in between the two extremes. It was found that in mc‐Si the evolution of grain boundaries take place in several steps. On the other hand, the major defects in mono‐Si are dislocations and are generated by stress due to thermal gradient in the ingot. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical properties and core state of AlN‐BN ternary compound by ab initio calculations
Authors: Yamashita Masashi , Hamada Noriaki , Funashima Hiroki , Yoshiya Masato 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBy ab initio calculation using the ABCAP code, energy shifts of core levels and optical properties of B‐incorporated AlN (AlBN) were examined through comparison with experimental spectra measured from the thin film. Good agreements of complex refractive indices, n and k, with experiment were obtained for pure AlN and pure BN. However, when B content is increased in AlBN, substantial disagreement is found between experiment and calculation that assumed either wurtzite or graphite‐like structure for clarity. These results suggest that AlBN with ca. 30% is neither complete solid solution nor grain‐level mixture of graphite like BN and AlN. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural studies of Al thin layer on misoriented GaAs(100) substrate by transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Lovygin M. V. , Borgardt N. I. , Kazakov I. P. , Seibt M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA thin Al layer has been grown on a misoriented GaAs(100) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy and its structure has been studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. The metal layer is formed as grains of three orientations Al(100), Al(110) and Al(110)R. Digital analysis of dark‐field micrographs made it possible to obtain their grain sizes and relative coverage areas. By comparison with an Al layer grown on an exactly oriented GaAs(100) substrate it has been found that on the vicinal surface the relative coverage area and grain size of the Al(110)R orientation increase and the Al(100) relative coverage area decreases. This is attributed to surface atomic steps, which have been visualized in high‐resolution micrographs. The edge misfit dislocation system at the Al/GaAs interface has been revealed, which is insensitive to the substrate misorientation. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Achieving fairness by sequential equilibrium in rational two‐party computation under incomplete information
Authors: Wang Yilei , Wong Duncan S. , Susilo Willy , Chen Xiaofeng , Xu Qiuliang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFairness in secure two‐party computation ensures that either both of the communicating parties learn the output of some pre‐defined function or none of them does. Rational two‐party computation is an extension of two‐party computation that incorporates game theory into conventional two‐party (cryptographic) computation protocols for achieving fairness. From the standpoint of game theory, the strategies are designed for achieving equilibrium resulting in attaining fairness in rational two‐party computation protocols. Groce and Katz (Eurocrypt 2012) achieved fairness by computational Nash equilibrium under complete information. In this paper, protocols are considered in more practical scenarios of incomplete information, where fairness is achieved by sequential equilibrium. Our protocol has constant number of rounds as Groce and Katz do while achieving a stronger sequential equilibrium which also implies the computational Nash equilibrium. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agent‐based models in sociology
Authors: Bianchi Federico , Squazzoni Flaminio 
Published: June 2015

This article looks at 20 years of applications of agent‐based models (ABMs) in sociology and, in particular, their explanatory achievements and methodological insights. These applications have helped sociologists to examine agent interaction in social outcomes and have helped shift analyses away from structural and aggregate factors, to the role of agency. They have improved the realism of the micro‐behavioral foundations of sociological models, by complementing analytic modeling and game theory–inspired analyses. Secondly, they have helped us to dissect the role of social structures in constraining individual behavior more precisely than in variable‐based sociology. Finally, simulation outcomes have given us a more dynamic view of the interplay between individual behavior and social structures, thus promoting a more evolutionary and process‐based approach to social facts. Attention here has been paid to social norms, social influence, and culture dynamics, across different disciplines such as behavioral sciences, complexity science, sociology, and economics. We argue that these applications can help sociology to achieve more rigorous research standards, by promoting a modeling environment and providing tighter cross‐disciplinary integration. Recently, certain methodological improvements toward model standardization, replication, and validation have been achieved. As a result, the impact of these models in sociology is expected to grow even more in the future. WIREs Comput Stat 2015, 7:284–306. doi: 10.1002/wics.1356This article is categorized under:

Statistical Models > Agent-Based Models
Algorithms and Computational Methods > Computational Complexity
Data: Types and Structure > Social Networks