bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A relação de valores de potenciais consumidores de cursos de graduação
Authors: De Benedicto Samuel Carvalho , Silva Aline Michelli Penido da , Boas Luiz Henrique de Barros Vilas , Silva Filho Cândido Ferreira da 
Published: August 2012

Atualmente as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) enfrentam grande competitividade, por isso, buscam um novo posicionamento no mercado. A compreensão do perfil do consumidor permite o desenvolvimento de estratégias de posicionamento para novos produtos/serviços. Para tanto, é necessário compreender as variáveis que precisam ser aperfeiçoadas a fim de melhorar a imagem corporativa da organização e a satisfação dos ingressantes e dos alunos com os serviços educacionais oferecidos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar a relação de valores de potenciais consumidores de cursos de graduação, quando da escolha de uma IES. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade utilizando a técnica qualitativa laddering, que faz uso dos pressupostos teóricos da cadeia de meios e fins. Foi construído um Mapa Hierárquico de Valor (MHV), o qual permite identificar as cadeias dominantes que influenciam o comportamento do consumidor em sua decisão de compra. Os resultados mostram a preocupação dos consumidores com IES que apresentem um conjunto de atributos essenciais que lhes permitam um lugar no mercado de trabalho e alcançar uma gama de aspirações pessoais. Os clientes/consumidores pesquisados almejam IES que tenham: reconhecimento da sociedade; professores qualificados; ensino de qualidade; aulas práticas em laboratórios especializados. Tais atributos levam a diversas conseqüências desejáveis aos consumidores dos serviços educacionais no ensino superior: a ampliação do conhecimento do estudante; o aumento das chances de conseguir um emprego; a segurança no exercício da profissão; a conquista da tão sonhada independência financeira. Tais atributos e conseqüências se encontram ligados a diversos valores, tais como: prazer, segurança, realização pessoal, felicidade, solidariedade e independência/liberdade.
Relevância da estratégia de coopetição para as IES: o posicionamento do Centro Universitário Católico de Santa Catarina
Authors: Gaio Jorge , Duclós Luiz Carlos , Amaral Hélio Gilberto 
Published: August 2012

A concorrência das corporações educacionais internacionais tem ampliado a atuação no cenário nacional e em mercados regionais, como no caso do Estado de Santa Catarina, pressionando as IES de pequeno e médio porte a estabelecerem estratégias de competição, de cooperação e de coopetição. O objetivo deste position paper é apresentar de maneira estruturada as estratégias de excelência dos serviços prestados (KANO, 1984) e as estratégias de coopertição (BRANDENBURGER E NALEBUFF, 1996; DAGNINO E PAULO, 2002) utilizadas pelo Centro Universitário Católico de Santa Catarina, desde 2009, por ocasião da entrada no mercado de Joinville. A revisão da literatura contemplou as principais estratégias de competição, cooperação, coopetição e a matriz de Kano (1984). Foram apresentadas as estratégias mais relevantes decorrentes do modelo de Kano (1984) e as estratégias de coopetição utilizadas pelo Centro Universitário Católico de Santa Catarina. Os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa sinalizam que o posicionamento estratégico visa a coopetição entre os atores do ensino superior da região, apesar de apresentar um conjunto de estratégias diferenciadas desta tendência, em seu posicionamento de entrada inicial.
Validation of age determination methods and growth studies of the sand sole Pegusa lascaris (Soleidae) from the eastern-central Atlantic
Authors: Pajuelo JG , Lorenzo JM 
Published: August 2012

The age and growth of the sand sole Pegusa lascaris from the Canarian Archipelago were studied from 2107 fish collected between January 2005 and December 2007. To find an appropriate method for age determination, sagittal otoliths were observed by surface-reading and frontal section and the results were compared. The two methods did not differ significantly in estimated age but the surface-reading method is superior in terms of cost and time efficiency. The sand sole has a moderate life span, with ages up to 10 years recorded. Individuals grow quickly in their first two years, attaining approximately 48% of their maximum standard length; after the second year, their growth rate drops rapidly as energy is diverted to reproduction. Males and females show dimorphism in growth, with females reaching a slightly greater length and age than males. Von Bertalanffy, seasonalized von Bertalanfy, Gompertz, and Schnute growth models were fitted to length-at-age data. Akaike weights for the seasonalized von Bertalanffy growth model indicated that the probability of choosing the correct model from the group of models used was >0.999 for males and females. The seasonalized von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated were: L∞ = 309 mm standard length, k = 0.166 yr–1, t0 = –1.88 yr, C = 0.347, and ts = 0.578 for males; and L∞ = 318 mm standard length, k = 0.164 yr–1, t0 = –1.653 yr, C = 0.820, and ts = 0.691 for females. Fish standard length and otolith radius are closely correlated (R2 = 0.902). The relation between standard length and otolith radius is described by a power function (α = 85.11, v = 0.906).
Phenol and Phenolics
Authors: Cavender Finis L. , O'Donohue John 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPhenol was originally isolated from coal tar streams, but now it is almost exclusively produced by the oxidation of cumene and subsequent cleavage of the cumene hydroperoxide to form phenol and acetone. The U.S. production of phenol for 1995 was 4.16 billion lb. Phenol is used in the petroleum industry to extract lube (lubricating) oil from residual oil. It is reacted with aldehydes such as formaldehyde to form “phenolic resins,” which are widely used as adhesives, structural products, and electrical laminates. Other uses include the manufacture of caprolactam (an intermediate in the manufacture of nylon), bisphenol A (an intermediate in the manufacture of epoxy resins and polycarbonates), herbicides, wood preservatives, hydraulic fluids, heavy‐duty surfactants, lube oil additives, tank linings and coatings, and intermediates for plasticizers and other specialty chemicals. Phenol is used medically in throat lozenges, disinfectants, and ointments; for facial skin peels; and to cause nerve block.With rare exceptions, human exposure in industry has been limited to accidental contact of phenol with the skin or to inhalation of phenol vapors. Other major sources of inhalation exposure include residential burning and automobile exhaust. Similar details are given for phenolics, including chloro and bromo compounds.
Dendrimers
Authors: Kojima Chie 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Dendrimers have globular and well‐controlled structures, and they are produced by organic synthesis. There are two types of synthetic pathway: divergent methods and convergent methods. Dendrimers are composed of a core, building units, and terminal groups. Many kinds of dendrimers can be obtained by choosing suitable components and modifying and encapsulating compounds. Dendrimers are several nanometers in size, that is, similar in size to proteins, and the size depends on the generation. Their physicochemical properties are very different from those of linear polymers. Low‐generation dendrimers generally have flexible and open structures, but high‐generation dendrimers have rigid spherical structures. The clustering effect at the periphery of a dendrimer and isolation in the dendrimer are unique properties. The uniform structures of dendrimers contribute to their reproducibility. They have been studied for various kinds of applications. They have been used as drug and gene carriers, diagnostic agents, drugs, and in catalysis. Their anisotropic structures enable the design of self‐immolative dendrimers, light‐harvesting dendrimers, and hierarchical dendrimers. The uniform core–shell structure of a dendrimer resembles an atomic shell, and the nanoelement concept was proposed by Tomalia, one of the pioneers of dendrimer research. This study describes both general and particular aspects of dendrimers such as polyamidoamine, polypropyleneimine, poly(aryl ether), polylysine, and polyester dendrimers.
Stimuli‐Responsive Dendronized Polymers
Authors: Li Wen , Zhang Afang 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Stimuli‐responsive dendronized polymers, combining the “smart” property of stimuli‐responsive polymers and the nanosized, branched architectures of dendronized polymers, would find promising applications from material science to biology. Recent research progresses on thermoresponsive dendronized homo‐, block‐, and random copolymers formed through covalent linkage, thermoresponsive dendronized homo‐ and copolymers formed via supramolecular host–guest interactions, as well as ionic‐responsive dendronized homopolymers are discussed. Their synthetic methodologies, structural‐related stimuli‐responsive behavior, as well as their applications as solvatochromic sensors are described in detail. In contrast to their linear counterparts, these dendronized polymers carrying oligo(ethylene glycol) dendrons show unprecedented thermoresponsive behavior with small hystereses and sharp phase transitions during both heating and cooling processes, originated from the dendritic architecture. Supramolecular construction has been proved to be a superior route than the covalent way to avoid tedious synthesis and, at the same time, impart these polymers with truly tunable phase transition temperatures by just mixing different dendritic guests of different hydrophilicities. Ionic‐responsiveness of these bulky polymers is specifically dependent on the branching architecture. Although stimuli‐responsive dendronized polymers are pretty young, they have already shown advantages over conventional counterparts. Because of their architecture and bulkiness, as well as potential to be constructed through various chemistries, these stimuli‐responsive polymers may pave a novel route to fabricate molecular‐based nanodevices for encapsulations, recognitions and biorelated materials.
Edelmetalle in Polyoxometallaten
Authors: Izarova Natalya V. , Pope Michael T. , Kortz Ulrich 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPolyoxometallate, die Edelmetallionen wie Ruthenium, Osmium, Rhodium, Palladium, Platin, Silber und Gold enthalten, bilden eine strukturell reichhaltige Klasse von Verbindungen. Hierzu gehören sowohl klassische Heteropolyanionen (Vanadate, Molybdate, Wolframate), in denen die Edelmetalle als Heteroatome vorliegen, als auch die erst kürzlich entdeckte Klasse der Polyoxometallate mit Edelmetallen als “Addenda”‐Atomen. Der Schwerpunkt dieses Aufsatzes liegt auf Komplexen, die in Lösung als diskrete Moleküle vorliegen und somit von Interesse für zukünftige Synthesen und Entwicklungen in der Reaktivität sind und potenzielle Anwendungen haben, z. B. in der Katalyse und den Nanowissenschaften.
Encapsulation and release of cladribine from chitosan nanoparticles
Authors: Domaratzki Rachel E. , Ghanem Amyl 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study shows the potential of chitosan (CH) nanoparticles as both an oral and IV drug delivery system using the anticancer drug cladribine as a model drug. Smooth, spherical nanoparticles were prepared by the ionotropic gelation of CH with sodium tripolyphosphate. Nanoparticle size depended on degree of hydration, drug loading, and crosslinking conditions, with the smallest nanoparticles in the size range of 212 ± 51 nm. Cladribine was entrapped in the CH matrix with an entrapment efficiency of up to 62%, depending on the initial loading. The release of cladribine followed a near‐Fickian diffusion rate over the first several hours and then reached a plateau. A second release phase began after 30–40 h of incubation in the release medium, and proceeded until ∼100 h. Loaded CH nanoparticles that were crosslinked with genipin showed a delayed release profile, with only 40% of loaded drug being released after 100 h. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Fabrication and characterization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/silicone rubber composites
Authors: Iqbal Nadeem , Khan Mohammad Bilal , Sagar Sadia , Maqsood Asghari 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTo enhance the ablation performance and mechanical strength of silicone rubber (SR), pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were dispersed in the polymer matrix using dispersion kneader and two roller mixing mill. Electrical resistivity (100–300°C) was reduced with increasing filler concentration in the host matrix due to the presence and even dispersion of the nanofiller in the rubber matrix. The SR nanocomposite (1 wt % filler contents) has 28% better thermal stability and 100% improvement in the ultimate tensile strength is achieved as compared with the pristine polymer matrix counterpart. Oxy‐acetylene torch was used to evaluate the ablation rates, % char yield, and backface temperature evolution at the back facet of nanoablators during the flame exposure for a specific duration. Ablation performance of the fabricated ablative nanocomposites was enhanced with increasing nanotubes concentration in the polymer matrix. Thermal stability and heat quenching ability of the SR nanocomposites were gradually augmented with increasing filler loadings in the host matrix. Porous silica char, polymer pyrolysis, char composition, and uniform dispersion of MWNTs in the rubber matrix were also analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Reversal of Multidrug Resistance by Gefitinib Via RAF1/ERK Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Xiao Zhi , Ding Nianhua , Xiao Guiqing , Wang Shouman , Wu Yuhui , Tang Lili 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPancreatic cancer is a devastating malignancy, characterized by intrinsic or acquired resistance to conventional chemotherapies. Recent evidences suggest an involvement of tyrosine kinase pathway in the regulation of multidrug resistance (MDR) protein gene expression. The aim of this study was to test whether gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor could regulate the MDR protein gene expression and sensitize the resistant cancer cells to chemotherapy. The gene expression of MDR proteins (MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, and PGP) were evaluated by quantitative RT‐PCR, and expression levels of various tyrosine kinases were investigated by quantitative RT‐PCR and Western Blot in pancreatic cancer cell line. MTT assay was used for evaluating the effect of chemotherapeutic agents. Chemotherapeutics induced drug resistance by regulating the gene expression of MDR proteins (MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3), and increased the gene expression of RAF1/ERK and the phosphorylation of ERK in pancreatic cancer Bxpc‐3 cells. Gefitinib caused an inhibition of p‐ERK tyrosine kinase activation in a dose‐dependent manner, and reversed gemcitabine‐induced RAF1/ERK gene expression and p‐ERK activation. In addition, a reversal of MDR proteins gene expression was achieved by gefitinib, which sensitized resistant cells to gemcitabine. This study demonstrated that MDR of Bxpc‐3 cell is involved in the RAF1/ERK tyrosine kinase pathway. Gefitinib reverses the MDR protein gene expression and restores sensitivity of resistant cells to gemcitabine via RAF1/ERK signaling pathway. Combination of gefitinib with conventional chemotherapeutic agents may offer a new approach for the treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced oral bioavailability and anti‐tumour effect of paclitaxel by 20(s)‐ginsenoside Rg3in vivo
Authors: Yang Lei‐Qiong , Wang Bin , Gan Hui , Fu Shou‐Ting , Zhu Xiao‐Xia , Wu Zhuo‐Na , Zhan Da‐Wei , Gu Ruo‐Lan , Dou Gui‐Fang , Meng Zhi‐Yun 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of paclitaxel in combination with 20(s)‐ginsenoside Rg3 on its anti‐tumour effect in nude mice. In the Caco‐2 transport assay, the apparent permeability from the apical side to the basal side (Papp) (A‐B) andPapp(B‐A) of paclitaxel were measured when co‐incubated with different concentrations of 20(s)‐ginsenoside Rg3. The results indicated that the penetration of paclitaxel through the Caco‐2 monolayer from the apical side to the basal side was facilitated by 20(s)‐ginsenoside Rg3 in a concentration‐dependent manner. Meanwhile, 20(s)‐ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), and the maximum inhibition was achieved at 80 µm(p < 0.05). The pharmacokinetic parameters of paclitaxel after oral co‐administration of paclitaxel (40 mg/kg) with various doses of 20(s)‐ginsenoside Rg3 in rats were investigated by anin vivopharmacokinetic experiment. The results showed that theAUCof paclitaxel co‐administered with 20(s)‐ginsenoside Rg3 was significantly higher (p < 0.001 at 10 mg/kg) compared with the control. The relative bioavailability (RB) % of paclitaxel with 20(s)‐ginsenoside Rg3 was 3.4‐fold (10 mg/kg) higher than that of the control. The effect of paclitaxel orally co‐administered with 20(s)‐ginsenoside Rg3 against human tumour MCF‐7 xenografts in nude mice was also evaluated. Paclitaxel (20 mg/kg) co‐administered with 20(s)‐ginsenoside Rg3 (10 mg/kg) exhibited an effective anti‐tumour activity with the relative tumor growth rate (T/C) values of 39.36% (p<0.05). The results showed that 20(s)‐ginsenoside Rg3 enhanced the oral bioavailability of paclitaxel in rats and improved the anti‐tumour activity in nude mice, indicating that oral co‐administration of paclitaxel with 20(s)‐ginsenoside Rg3 could provide an effective strategy in addition to the established i.v. route. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fungal Transformation and Schistosomicidal Effects of Pimaradienoic Acid
Authors: Porto Thiago S. , da Silva Filho Ademar A. , Magalhães Lizandra G. , dos Santos Raquel A. , Furtado Niege A. J. C. , Arakawa Nilton S. , Said Suraia , de Oliveira Dionéia C. R. , Gregório Luiz E. , Rodrigues Vanderlei , Veneziani Rodrigo C. S. , Ambrósio Sérgio R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe schistosomicidal effects of pimaradienoic acid (PA) and two derivatives, obtained by fungal transformation in the presence of Aspergillus ochraceus, were investigated. PA was the only compound with antischistosomal activity among the three diterpenes studied, with the ability to significantly reduce the viability of the parasites at concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 μM. PA also promoted morphological alterations of the tegument of Schistosoma mansoni, separated all the worm couples, and affected the production and development of eggs. Moreover, this compound was devoid of toxicity toward human fibroblasts. In a preliminary in vivo experiment, PA at a dose of 100 mg/kg significantly diminished the number of parasites in infected Balb/c mice. Taken together, these results show that PA may be potentially employed in the discovery of novel schistosomicidal agents, and that diterpenes are an important class of natural compounds for the investigation of agents capable of fighting the parasite responsible for human schistosomiasis.
Melanogenesis Inhibitory Activity of Sesquiterpenes from Canarium ovatum Resin in Mouse B16 Melanoma Cells
Authors: Kikuchi Takashi , Watanabe Kensuke , Tochigi Yuichi , Yamamoto Ayako , Fukatsu Makoto , Ezaki Yoichiro , Tanaka Reiko , Akihisa Toshihiro 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFour known sesquiterpene alcohols, i.e., 1–4, ten triterpene alcohols, i.e., 5–14, and four triterpene acids, i.e., 15–18, were isolated from the MeOH extract of Canarium ovatum resin (elemi resin). Upon evaluation of the previously described compounds 1–18 on the melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells induced with α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH), three sesquiterpene alcohols, i.e., cryptomeridiol (1), 4‐epicryptomeridiol (2), and cadin‐1(14)‐ene‐7α,11‐diol (4), exhibited inhibitory effects with 27.4–34.1 and 39.0–56.9% reduction of melanin content at 50 and 100 μM, respectively, with no or very low toxicity to the cells (80.9–103.9% of cell viability at 100 μM). Western‐blot analysis revealed that compounds 1 and 2 reduced the protein levels of MITF (=microphtalmia‐associated transcription factor), tyrosinase, and TRP‐2 (=tyrosine‐related protein 2), mostly in a concentration‐dependent manner, suggesting that these compounds exhibit melanogenesis inhibitory activity on α‐MSH‐stimulated B16 melanoma cells by, at least in part, inhibiting the expression of MITF, followed by decreasing the expression of tyrosinase and TRP‐2. Three sesquiterpene alcohols, i.e., 1, 2, and 4, are, therefore, considered to be valuable as potential skin‐whitening agents.
Intravascular ultrasound‐guided systematic two‐stent techniques for coronary bifurcation lesions and reduced late stent thrombosis
Authors: Chen Shao‐Liang , Ye Fei , Zhang Jun‐Jie , Tian Nai‐Liang , Liu Zhi‐Zhong , Santoso Teguh , Zhou Yu‐Jie , Jiang Tie‐Ming , Wen Shang‐Yu , Kwan Tak W. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundThe effects of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)‐guided complex approaches using drug‐eluting stents (DES) for coronary bifurcation lesions on clinical outcomes has not yet been studied in detail.ObjectiveOur objective was to analyze the difference in 1‐year outcomes following two‐stent techniques involving implantation of DES for coronary bifurcation lesions between IVUS‐guided and angiography‐guided groups.MethodsFrom May 26, 2007 to March 24, 2010, 628 patients received two‐stent techniques (324 in the IVUS‐guided group and 304 angiography‐guided) and were prospectively studied. We compared major adverse cardiac events (MACE, including cardiac death, stent thrombosis [ST], myocardial infarction [MI] and target lesion/vessel revascularization) at 12‐months follow‐up, before and after adjusting for propensity score matching.ResultsAt 12‐months after the indexed procedure, patients in the angiography‐guided group had significantly increased in‐stent restenosis. Compared to the angiography‐guided group, the IVUS‐guided group had a significantly lower overall unadjusted ST rate (1.2% vs. 6.9%, P < 0.001), definite ST (0.6% vs. 5.3%, P < 0.001), late ST (0.6% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.003), MI (4.6% vs. 8.9%, P = 0.038) and cardiac death (0.9% vs. 3.3%, P = 0.049). By propensity score matching, 123 paired patients were matched. The late ST at 12‐months follow‐up was 0% in the IVUS‐guided group versus 4.9% in the angiography‐guided group (P = 0.029), resulting in significant differences in ST‐elevation MI between the two groups (2.4% vs. 9.8%, P = 0.030).ConclusionsThe IVUS‐guided two‐stent technique was associated with significantly reduced late stent thrombosis, with a resultant reduction in ST‐elevation MI. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.