bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Service utilization research: goals and prospects
Authors: Sytema Sjoerd 
Published: July 2014

Service utilization research is not a homogenous field of research. One might distinguish between the evaluation of treatments and the evaluation of mental health systems. I will restrict myself to the mental health system approach. The first statement that has to be made is that the study of service utilization is not an aim in itself. The ultimate goal is to learn how systems of mental health care function or dysfunction. This knowledge should be helpful for planners to plan services at a more scientific basis.Another introductory statement is that the objective of system service utilization research is the study of the relationships of a described population with the mental health system available for this population. Otherwise stated, this is an epidemiological approach of service utilization research. In this we will further distinguish between the pathway to care and the pathway through care or patterns of care. The basic questions in the pathway to care are related to the proportion of the population using mental health services; the treated prevalence and incidence. A topic is for example the inequality in service use in different social-economic-status or socio-demographic subgroups. The basic questions in the pathway through care are related to the way in which patients use the mental health system in terms of duration, intensity, setting and relapse for example. In the present paper we will focus on the latter topic mainly.
Economics and mental health: a concise European history of demand and supply
Authors: Knapp Martin R.J. 
Published: July 2014

It is no longer a pleasant surprise (to most health economists) or an unwelcome shock (to most non-economists) to find costs on the core conference agenda of a mental health conference. In the Amsterdam ENMESH conference in 1994, economics appeared as a late but welcome addition to the programme, effectively on the margins but - and this was unusual at the time - it had formal representation. In Verona in 1996, as at a growing number of conferences (and in more books and academic journals), economics has moved rather closer to the mainstream. In this paper I offer a short historical account of this ‘mainstreaming’ and tease out its implications for mental health care evaluation.In many European countries today there are rapidly growing demands for cost information, cost-effectiveness evaluation, and analyses of systems and the incentives within them. It is useful to distinguish between underlying needs for a costs perspective linked to scarcity of resources (latent demands) and expressed wants for actual cost or cost-effectiveness evaluations or insights (manifest demands) (Knapp, 1997). The latent demands stem from scarcity, in turn linked to a variety of factors.
Unravelling the effects of radiation forces in water
Authors: Astrath Nelson G. C. , Malacarne Luis C. , Baesso Mauro L. , Lukasievicz Gustavo V. B. , Bialkowski Stephen E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe effect of radiation forces at the interface between dielectric materials has been a long-standing debate for over a century. Yet there has been so far only limited experimental verification in complete accordance with the theory. Here we measure the surface deformation at the air–water interface induced by continuous and pulsed laser excitation and match this to rigorous theory of radiation forces. We demonstrate that the experimental results are quantitatively described by the numerical calculations of radiation forces. The Helmholtz force is used for the surface radiation pressure. The resulting surface pressure obtained is consistent with the momentum conservation using the Minkowski momentum density expression assuming that the averaged momentum per photon is given by the Minkowski momentum. Considering the total momentum as a sum of that propagating with the electromagnetic wave and that deposited locally in the material, the Abraham momentum interpretation also appears to be appropriate.
ASXL1 and DNMT3A mutation in a cytogenetically normal B3 thymoma
Authors: Belani R , Oliveira G , Erikson G A , Ra S , Schechter M S , Lee J K , Shipman W J , Haaser S M , Torkamani A 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe molecular drivers of thymoma are poorly understood. Outside of the identification of rarely occurring epidermal growth factor receptor and v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog mutations via candidate gene sequencing, mutations in common cancer genes have yet to be observed. Only a single thymoma genome sequence has been previously reported, with no mutations in known cancer genes identified. Thus, we attempted to identify somatic driver mutations in a cytogenetically normal thymoma. A stage IVB type B3 thymoma from a 47-year-old male of Asian descent with no history of myasthenia gravis or other autoimmune condition was genomically evaluated. Exome sequencing and low-pass whole-genome sequencing was performed to identify somatic point mutations, copy number changes and structural variants. Mutations in known tumor suppressors DNMT3A (p.G728D) and ASXL1 (p.E657fs), consistent with mutations of known consequence in acute myeloid leukemia, were identified. Contrary to a previous report, this finding suggests the genetic etiology of thymomas may not be fundamentally distinct from other tumor types. Rather, these findings suggest that further sequencing of cytogenetically normal thymoma samples should reveal the specific molecular drivers of thymoma.
Gradually elevated expression of Gankyrin during human hepatocarcinogenesis and its clinicopathological significance
Authors: Jing Hongbiao , Zhang Guoming , Meng Lingsheng , Meng Qingda , Mo Haiying , Tai Yanhong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGankyrin is an important oncoprotein that is overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the gradual alteration of Gankyrin in successive stages during human HCC development and the mechanism of Gankyrin-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis remain largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the pattern and level of Gankyrin protein expression using immunohistochemistry in various liver tissues, including normal liver, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) and HCC tissues, to analyze its clinicopathological significance. Furthermore, we stably transfected the shRNA-Gan vector, which targets human Gankyrin, into HepG2 cells to assess the role of Gankyrin in cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. The expression level of Gankyrin in the cytoplasm, nucleus and whole cell was gradually elevated during consecutive stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. The nuclear Gankyrin level in AH was significantly higher than that in normal liver, chronic hepatitis and cirrhotic tissues. The cytoplasmic, nuclear and total cellular Gankyrin expression levels in HCC were significantly correlated with capsular invasion and intrahepatic metastasis. Silencing Gankyrin expression using shRNA-Gan repressed tumor cell proliferation, tumorigenicity, migration and invasion in vitro. Our findings demonstrate that Gankyrin is aberrantly expressed beginning at the initiation stage and plays an important role in the initiation, promotion and progression of hepatocarcinogenesis.
Development and performance of a targeted whole exome sequencing enrichment kit for the dog (Canis Familiaris Build 3.1)
Authors: Broeckx Bart J. G. , Coopman Frank , Verhoeven Geert E. C. , Bavegems Valérie , De Keulenaer Sarah , De Meester Ellen , Van Niewerburgh Filip , Deforce Dieter 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWhole exome sequencing is a technique that aims to selectively sequence all exons of protein-coding genes. A canine whole exome sequencing enrichment kit was designed based on the latest canine reference genome (build 3.1.72). Its performance was tested by sequencing 2 exome captures, each consisting of 4 pre-capture pooled, barcoded Illumina libraries on an Illumina HiSeq 2500. At an average sequencing depth of 102x, 83 to 86% of the target regions were completely sequenced with a minimum coverage of five and 90% of the reads mapped on the target regions. Additionally, it is shown that the reproducibility within and between captures is high and that pooling four samples per capture is a valid option. Overall, we have demonstrated the strong performance of this WES enrichment kit and are confident it will be a valuable tool in future disease association studies.
Effect of seasonal and experimental temperature on de novo synthesis of fatty acids in C. crangon
Authors: Mika Adriana , Skorkowski Edward , Stepnowski Piotr 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The intensity of in vivo lipogensis was measured and in this purpose, the radioactivity of incorporation of tritium into fatty acids (FAs) in tissues of C. crangon was determined. De novo synthesis of FAs was five times higher in hepatopancreas than in muscle in summer period but not much higher in autumn. The higher FAs synthesis was recorded at 25 °C, both for hepatopancreas and muscle, and the summer was higher than the autumn in the hepatopancreas and in the muscles of the opposite situation was observed. The higher amounts of SFAs in hepatopancreas from autumn, when in experimental conditions the ambient temperature C. crangon changed from 6 °C to the experimental higher temperature. When content of PUFAn-3 declined dramatically (Autumn 1 h, 25 °C). In contrast, at a lower temperature, the amount of polyunsaturated FAs is much higher than at 25 °C (Autumn 1 h 6 °C).
A New Fixation Technique for French-Door Cervical Laminoplasty
Authors: Harshavardhana Nanjundappa S. , Dabke Harshad V. , Mehdian Hossein 
Published: July 2014

Design:
A case series of 5 patients with multilevel cervical myelopathy treated by French-door cervical laminoplasty (FDCL) and use of unicortical iliac crest graft as spacer fixed with titanium miniplates and screws is described.

Objective:
To report a minimum of 6-year follow-up results of our new plate-screw fixation technique for FDCL.

Summary of Background Data:
Hardware-assisted laminoplasty has the potential advantage of preventing restenosis by holding the laminar door “open” while healing progresses and also prevents spacer dislodgement. The use of titanium miniplates as internal fixation device for FDCL by our novel technique has not been reported.

Methods:
Five patients suffering from multilevel cervical myelopathy harboring constitutionally narrow cervical canal (3) and multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy (2) who underwent 2–3 level FDCL and followed up prospectively for 6 years is presented. Modified Kurokawa and colleague’s technique of FDCL was performed and autologous iliac crest bone graft was interposed between the sagittaly split spinous processes. A 12- to 15-hole titanium miniplate was contoured into a trapezoidal shape to sit flush with the posterior elements. The plate was anchored to bone graft and posterior elements with screws and patients mobilized without any external orthosis.

Results:
The mean follow-up was 90.5 months. The mean improvement in Neck disability index at final follow-up was 35% and mean improvement in Visual analog scale was 4 points. Japanese orthopaedic association score improved from a mean of 10 to a mean of 14.8 postoperatively. The final outcome was good (3) and excellent (2) by Odom’s criteria. All patients improved to Nurick’s grade 0 or I and reported significant relief from their myelopathic symptoms and axial neck pain. There were no postoperative hardware-related complications or pseudoarthrosis.

Conclusions:
Titanium miniplates are excellent devices for stabilizing the interspinous spacers used in FDCL. They prevent cervical canal deformation, restenosis, spacer dislodgement and are durable, cost-effective in facilitating early mobilization at intermediate-term follow-up of 6 years.
Relationship between metabolic syndrome and meal‐induced glucagon like peptide‐1 response in type 1 diabetic patients在1型糖尿病患者中代谢综合征与进餐诱导的胰高血糖素样肽‐1应答之间的关系
Authors: Blaslov Kristina , Bulum Tomislav , Zibar Karin , Duvnjak Lea 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MS) is found in approximately% 30–40% of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Meal‐induced glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) secretion in T1DM patients with MS is yet to be clarified. The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationship between total fasting GLP‐1 concentrations and the meal‐induced GLP‐1 response with MS prevalence in T1DM patients compared with lean, normal glucose tolerance (NGT), control subjects.MethodsThe study included 77 T1DM patients (61% male), 26 (34%) with MS, who had a mean age of 45.08 years, mean body mass index (BMI) of 25.42 kg/m2, and median diabetes duration of 21 years. Ten age‐, gender, and BMI‐matched NGT control subjects were also included in the study. Circulating GLP‐1 concentrations ere measured before and 30 min after a meal by ELISA. The difference between the 30‐min postprandial and fasting GLP‐1 concentration (ΔGLP‐1) was calculated by subtracting fasting GLP‐1 concentrations from postprandial GLP‐1 concentrations.ResultsThe NGT group had significantly higher total fasting, postprandial, and meal‐induced GLP‐1 concentrations than the T1DM groups. The T1DM patients without MS had a higher increase in circulating GLP‐1 concentrations compared with the T1DM group with MS. After adjustment for age, gender, disease duration, and meal caloric value, GLP‐1 response levels were inversely correlated with MS prevalence in binary logistic regression analysis.ConclusionA higher meal‐induced GLP‐1 response is associated with lower MS prevalence, but whether GLP‐1 has a protective role in MS development is yet to be determined. This may provide further insight into the implementation of GLP‐1‐based therapies in the T1DM population.
Comparing the effectiveness of metagenomics and metabarcoding for diet analysis of a leaf‐feeding monkey (Pygathrix nemaeus)
Authors: Srivathsan Amrita , Sha John C. M. , Vogler Alfried P. , Meier Rudolf 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFaecal samples are of great value as a non‐invasive means to gather information on the genetics, distribution, demography, diet and parasite infestation of endangered species. Direct shotgun sequencing of faecal DNA could give information on these simultaneously, but this approach is largely untested. Here, we used two faecal samples to characterize the diet of two red‐shanked doucs langurs (Pygathrix nemaeus) that were fed known foliage, fruits, vegetables and cereals. Illumina HiSeq produced ~74 and 67 million paired reads for these samples, of which ~10 000 (0.014%) and ~44 000 (0.066%), respectively, were of chloroplast origin. Sequences were matched against a database of available chloroplast ‘barcodes’ for angiosperms. The results were compared with ‘metabarcoding’ using PCR amplification of the P6 loop of trnL. Metagenomics identified seven and nine of the likely 16 diet plants while six and five were identified by metabarcoding. Metabarcoding produced thousands of reads consistent with the known diet, but the barcodes were too short to identify several plant species to genus. Metagenomics utilized multiple, longer barcodes that combined had greater power of identification. However, rare diet items were not recovered. Read numbers for diet species in metagenomic and metabarcoding data were correlated, indicating that both are useful for determining relative sequence abundance. Metagenomic reads were uniformly distributed across the chloroplast genomes; thus, if chloroplast genomes were used as reference, the precision of identifications and species recovery would improve further. Metagenomics also recovered the host mitochondrial genome and numerous intestinal parasite sequences in addition to generating data useful for characterizing the microbiome.
Grader learning effect and reproducibility of Doppler Spectral‐Domain Optical Coherence Tomography derived retinal blood flow measurements
Authors: Rose Kalpana , Jong Monica , Yusof Firdaus , Tayyari Faryan , Tan Ou , Huang David , Sadda Srinivas R , Flanagan John G , Hudson Christopher 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPurposeTo investigate grader learning effect and to quantify intergrader reproducibility of Doppler Spectral‐Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD‐OCT) derived retinal blood flow measurements.MethodsFifteen healthy young subjects (mean age 28.44; SD 3 years) underwent Doppler SD‐OCT scans of one eye using the circumpapillary double circular scan protocol of the Optovue RTVue by one of two experienced operators. One trained (i.e. having undergone certification) and one novice (i.e. preliminary training comprising five standard practice data sets) individual then graded a standardized set of scans, consisting of 15 data sets (session 1) using custom Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation (doctorc) software. One week later (session 2), the novice grader underwent further training by grading an additional 15 practice data sets and then both graders subsequently regraded the original 15 data sets.ResultsMeasurements achieved by a novice grader during session 1 showed a trend to be higher in terms of total retinal venous blood flow (TRBF) and also to be significantly (p = 0.03) higher for venous area, compared with a trained grader. Session 2 results were not significantly different for either grader. The mean TRBF for session 2 for the trained and novice grader was 45.29 ± 9.28 μl/min and 44.39 ± 7.36 μl/min, respectively. The coefficient of repeatability (COR) of session 2 TRBF values between the trained and novice grader was 8.09 μl/min.ConclusionsThere is a grader learning effect which impacts the venous area measurements. Reproducible and repeatable retinal blood flow measurements were achieved among trained graders using doctorc software.
Association between infant swimming and rhinovirus‐induced wheezing
Authors: Schuez‐Havupalo Linnea , Karppinen Sinikka , Toivonen Laura , Kaljonen Anne , Jartti Tuomas , Waris Matti , Peltola Ville 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimInfant swimming has been considered as a risk factor for wheezing, but the role that respiratory viruses play is unclear. We explored the effects of infant swimming on the risk of all wheezing illnesses and wheezing associated with rhinoviruses.MethodsWe followed up a birth cohort of 1827 children until 17 months of age, collecting data on infant swimming, other risk factors and physician‐diagnosed bronchiolitis or recurrent wheezing. Viral diagnostics were performed in a subset of children with all respiratory tract infections.ResultsData on infant swimming were obtained for 1038 children, with viral follow‐up for 635 children. At least one wheezing illness was documented in 45/469 (9.6%) swimming children versus 39/569 (6.9%) nonswimming children (p = 0.11), and rhinoviruses were associated with wheezing in 11/296 (3.7%) swimming children versus 4/339 (1.2%) nonswimming children (p = 0.04). In adjusted logistic regression analyses, swimming had an odds ratio of 1.71 (p = 0.05) for bronchiolitis and 3.57 (p = 0.06) for rhinovirus‐associated wheezing. An association between infant swimming and rhinovirus‐associated wheezing was detected for children with atopic eczema (p = 0.006).ConclusionThere may be a link between infant swimming and rhinovirus‐induced wheezing illnesses in atopic infants.
Vitrification of mouse preantral follicles versus slow freezing: Morphological and apoptosis evaluation
Authors: Taghavi Seyed Abdolvahab , Valojerdi Mojtaba Rezazadeh , Moghadam Mehdi Forozandeh , Ebrahimi Bita 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was evaluation of survivability, maturation rate and apoptotic gene expression of preantral follicles after vitrification and slow freezing technique. Normal mouse preantral follicles were randomly divided into three experimental groups. In the control group, follicles were cultured immediately; in the vitrification and slow freezing groups, follicles were cultured after vitrification‐warming and slow freezing‐thawing procedures. Follicular viability was assessed by using 0.4% trypan blue, and molecular evaluation of messenger RNA levels of apoptosis‐related genes was performed by the semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR method after 3 h of culture. Oocyte maturation rates were also evaluated on day 14 of culture. Survival and maturation rate in the slow freezing group were significantly lower than those in control and vitrification groups (P ≤ 0.05). Although there was no difference in Survivin expression among the three experimental groups, Bcl‐2 expression was significantly lower in the slow freezing group compared to the other groups (P ≤ 0.05). The expression of Bax, P53, Fas and Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio in the slow freezing group was significantly higher than control and vitrification groups (P ≤ 0.05). Preantral follicle vitrification seems to be better than slow freezing as seen in the survival, maturation and expression rates of apoptotic gene variants.
The Brainstem Pathologies of Parkinson's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Authors: Seidel Kay , Mahlke Josefine , Siswanto Sonny , Krüger Reijko , Heinsen Helmut , Auburger Georg , Bouzrou Mohamed , Grinberg Lea T. , Wicht Helmut , Korf Horst‐Werner , den Dunnen Wilfred , Rüb Udo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are among the human synucleinopathies, which show alpha‐synuclein immunoreactive neuronal and/or glial aggregations and progressive neuronal loss in selected brain regions (eg, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, pedunculopontine nucleus). Despite several studies about brainstem pathologies in PD and DLB, there is currently no detailed information available regarding the presence of alpha‐synuclein immunoreactive inclusions (i) in the cranial nerve, precerebellar, vestibular and oculomotor brainstem nuclei and (ii) in brainstem fiber tracts and oligodendroctyes. Therefore, we analyzed the inclusion pathologies in the brainstem nuclei (Lewy bodies, LB; Lewy neurites, LN; coiled bodies, CB) and fiber tracts (LN, CB) of PD and DLB patients. As reported in previous studies, LB and LN were most prevalent in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, pedunculopontine and raphe nuclei, periaqueductal gray, locus coeruleus, parabrachial nuclei, reticular formation, prepositus hypoglossal, dorsal motor vagal and solitary nuclei. Additionally we were able to demonstrate LB and LN in all cranial nerve nuclei, premotor oculomotor, precerebellar and vestibular brainstem nuclei, as well as LN in all brainstem fiber tracts. CB were present in nearly all brainstem nuclei and brainstem fiber tracts containing LB and/or LN. These findings can contribute to a large variety of less well‐explained PD and DLB symptoms (eg, gait and postural instability, impaired balance and postural reflexes, falls, ingestive and oculomotor dysfunctions) and point to the occurrence of disturbances of intra‐axonal transport processes and transneuronal spread of the underlying pathological processes of PD and DLB along anatomical pathways.