bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic evaluation of whole genome amplification of bisulfite-modified DNA
Authors: Bundo Miki , Sunaga Fumiko , Ueda Junko , Kasai Kiyoto , Kato Tadafumi , Iwamoto Kazuya 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Studying DNA methylation profiles in detail should be the first step in epigenetic research. Although sodium bisulfite modification of genomic DNA is the gold standard method for DNA methylation analysis, this method results in the loss of the majority of the DNA material. Whole genome amplification (WGA) of bisulfite-modified DNA is expected to provide a rich source of materials, but its validity has not been thoroughly evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the extent of biased amplification in the WGA of bisulfite-modified DNA and the reproducibility of independent WGA reactions. We performed the multiple displacement amplification-based WGA separately three times. Each experiment included two reactions using 10 or 50 ng of bisulfite-modified DNA as template. DNA methylation levels were compared between WGA products and original bisulfite-modified DNA at about 450,000 CpG sites.

Results
Using a sufficient amount of bisulfite-modified DNA for WGA was critical for downstream application. The considerable deviations from original bisulfite-modified DNA were found in the middle range of DNA methylation levels. Distribution of hyper- and hypomethylation were equal, which suggested that the deviation at each CpG site occurred randomly. Averaging the data from independently amplified WGA products dramatically improved the overall quality.

Conclusions
WGA of bisulfite-modified DNA could be a valuable tool for epigenetic research, but careful experimental design and data interpretation are required.
Use of linseed oil to treat experimentally induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca in rabbits
Authors: Neves Magda Luzia , Yamasaki Letícia , Sanches Osimar de Carvalho , do Amaral Marcelo Sávio Paiva , Stevanin Helaine , Giuffrida Rogério , Candido Eudes Ramalho , Góes Jonatas Eduardo , Zulim Luís Felipe da Costa , Schweigert Augusto , Fukui Rosimery Missuzu , Meirelles Carlos Collares , Sasaki Carolina Akemi , Andrade Silvia Franco 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various linseed oil (LO) preparations (oral, topical, oral and topical combined) in treating experimentally induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in rabbits. Twenty male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups: group C (control), group OLO (oral LO), group TLO (topical LO), and group OTLO (oral and topical LO). The animals were evaluated weekly using Schirmer's tear test (STT), fluorescein test (FT), and Rose Bengal test (RBT) and were euthanized at the end of the experiment for histopathological analysis.

Findings
There were significant improvements in the parameters analyzed (STT, FT, and RBT) and in the histopathological finding in all of the groups using LO.

Conclusions
The analyzed results demonstrate that LO, administered orally or topically, was effective in treating experimentally induced KCS in rabbits, although combined oral and topical LO did not show additional benefits greater than those with a single route of administration.
Nuclear imaging of inflammation: homing-associated molecules as targets
Authors: Autio Anu , Jalkanen Sirpa , Roivainen Anne 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The golden standard in nuclear medicine imaging of inflammation is the use of autologous radiolabeled leukocytes. Although their diagnostic accuracy is precise, the preparation of the leukocytes is both laborious and potentially hazardous for laboratory personnel. Molecules involved in leukocyte migration (homing-associated molecules) could serve as targets for the development of imaging agents for inflammation. An excellent target would be a molecule that is absent or expressed at low levels in healthy tissues, but is present or upregulated at the sites of inflammation. In this paper, we will review the literature concerning the use of homing-associated molecules as imaging targets. We will especially concentrate on vascular adhesion protein-1 due to the promising results regarding its use as a target for the imaging of inflammation.
Effect of dietary flaxseed oil level on the growth performance and fatty acid composition of fingerlings of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Masiha Ali , Mahboobi Soofiani Nasrollah , Ebrahimi Eisa , Kadivar Mahdi , Karimi Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This study evaluated the suitability of flaxseed oil as a source of supplemental dietary lipid for fingerlings of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Triplicate groups of the 30 fingerlings held under identical culture conditions were fed twice daily by iso-nitrogenous, iso-calorific and iso-lipidic diets for 8 weeks. Experimental diets consisted of 30.2% protein, 18.6 kJ g-1 energy and 16.5% lipid from fish oil (FO), flaxseed oil (FxO) and 1:1 blends of the oils (FFxO). Moisture, ash, protein, final body weight, specific growth rate, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, survival and hepatosomatic index were not affected by treatments but the percent of lipids was significantly highest in fish fed the flaxseed oil diet (FxOD). The condition factors of fingerlings reared on FxOD and fish and flaxseed oils diet (FFxOD) were significantly lower than those fed the fish oil diet (FOD). Protein efficiency ratio (PER) was significantly higher than those fed the FOD and FFxOD. Whole body fatty acid compositions mirrored those of diet treatments. The highest amounts of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) were detected in fish fed 100% FO, which was significantly different from other treatments. In all treatments polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (PUFAs/SFAs) and n-6/n-3 ratios were higher than 0.45 and lower than 4, respectively. Present results indicate the fingerlings can be reared on diets in which FO has been replaced with FxO, with no significant effects on fish performance.
Adult mental health disorders and their age at onset
Authors: Jones P. B. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe study of age at onset of mental health disorders is technically and conceptually difficult. It is important to consider these age distributions in order to understand causes and mechanisms of illness and to intervene at an appropriate juncture for primary and secondary prevention. This article reviews some of the approaches to studying age at onset, sets out the evidence to support the assertion that adult mental disorders begin in adolescence, and finds that perhaps half of all adult mental health disorders have begun by the teenage years. The paper then discusses whether this fits what is known about the developmental neurobiology of the brain and introduces the implications for mental health services.
Prevention and early intervention for borderline personality disorder: current status and recent evidence
Authors: Chanen Andrew M. , McCutcheon Louise 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a leading candidate for developing empirically based prevention and early intervention programmes because it is common in clinical practice, it is among the most functionally disabling of all mental disorders, it is often associated with help-seeking, and it has been shown to respond to intervention, even in those with established disorder. Moreover, it can be reliably diagnosed in its early stages and it demarcates a group with high levels of current and future morbidity and mortality. Data also suggest considerable flexibility and malleability of BPD traits in youth, making this a key developmental period during which to intervene. Novel indicated prevention and early intervention programmes have shown that BPD in young people responds to intervention. Further work is required to develop appropriate universal and selective preventive interventions.
The Role of Financial Reporting Quality in Mitigating the Constraining Effect of Dividend Policy on Investment Decisions
Authors: Ramalingegowda Santhosh , Wang Chuan-San , Yu Yong 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Miller and Modigliani's (1961) dividend irrelevance theorem predicts that in perfect capital markets dividend policy should not affect investment decisions. Yet in imperfect markets, external funding constraints that stem from information asymmetry can force firms to forgo valuable investment projects in order to pay dividends. We find that high-quality financial reporting significantly mitigates the negative effect of dividends on investments, especially on R&D investments. Further, this mitigating role of financial reporting quality is particularly important among firms with a larger portion of firm value attributable to growth options. In addition, we show that the mitigating role of high-quality financial reporting is more pronounced among firms that have decreased dividends than among firms that have increased dividends. These results highlight the important role of financial reporting quality in mitigating the conflict between firms' investment and dividend decisions and thereby reducing the likelihood that firms forgo valuable investment projects in order to pay dividends.
Data Availability: Data are available from public sources identified in the paper.
Toward a Positive Theory of Disclosure Regulation: In Search of Institutional Foundations
Authors: Bertomeu Jeremy , Cheynel Edwige 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
This article develops a theory of standard-setting in which accounting standards emerge endogenously from an institutional bargaining process. It provides a unified framework with investment and voluntary disclosure to examine the links between regulatory institutions and accounting choice. We show that disclosure rules tend to be more comprehensive when controlled by a self-regulated professional organization than when they are under the direct oversight of elected politicians. These institutions may not implement standards desirable to diversified investors and, when voluntary disclosures are possible, allowing choice between competing standards increases market value over a single uniform standard. Several new testable hypotheses are also offered to explain differences in accounting regulations.
JEL Classifications: C78; D02; D04; D71; D72; D79; G28; L51; M41; M48.
A dose-sensitive modifier of the of Drosophila melanogaster ectopic eye
Authors: Kopyl Sergei , Omelyanchuk Leonid 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEctopic eyes induced in a wing serve as a system for studying developmental plasticity in Drosophila. We used a set of chromosome deficiencies covering the second chromosome to ask whether there are dose-sensitive modifiers of the process. We identified three overlapping deletions showing the enlargement of ectopic eyes. The study of the genes localized in the region of interest suggests that the mutation in the sxc (super sex combs) gene (PcG group) is responsible for the observed phenotype.
To Witness Mimesis: The Politics, Ethics, and Aesthetics of Testimonial Theatre inThrough the Wire
Authors: Wake Caroline 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT:This paper examines an Australian “verbatim play” about asylum seekers, Through the Wire, in order to consider the relationship between realism and witnessing in the theatre. It argues that verbatim or testimonial theatre is better understood as a form of realism than as a form of documentary theatre, as is usually the case. Current scholarship in both theatre and trauma studies criticizes realist approaches principally on ethical grounds, without necessarily accounting for a play’s political effects. Through an analysis of Through the Wire’s production and reception, I suggest that, while testimonial theatre may be ethically problematic, it can also be politically efficacious, precisely because of its realist aesthetics.
Terminal Falling Characteristics of a Sand Grain with Dufour and Soret Effects
Authors: Nasrin R. , Alim M. A. 
Published: January 2013

The transient effect of double diffusive natural convection of flow in a differentially heated sand grain with Soret and Dufour coefficients is studied numerically. The right vertical wall has constant temperature Tc. The lower inlet opening is heated uniformly with fixed temperature Th and the velocity at the inlet of the fluid domain is set to the falling velocity Vi. The condition Th > Tc is maintained all over the domain. The concentration in right wall is maintained higher than inlet opening (Cc < Ch). The governing equations are solved numerically subject to appropriate boundary conditions by a penalty finite-element method. Solutions are obtained for fixed Prandtl number (Pr = 1.73), Rayleigh number (Ra = 104), Dufour coefficient (Df = 0.5) and Soret coefficient (Sr = 0.5). Transient analysis of the streamlines, isotherms, iso-concentration, falling velocity and forces on sand grain, the local and average Nusselt number and Sherwood number, temperature and concentration at subdomain centre as well as average form, subdomain horizontal and vertical velocities are presented graphically. It is found that the rate of heat transfer and mass transfer in the sand grain enhances and reduces respectively for shorter time periods and then they become almost steady.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i1.10003 J. Sci. Res. 5 (1), 91-103 (2013)
Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Cucumber, White Pumpkin and Ridge Gourd in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Sharmin R. , Khan M. R. I. , Akhtar Most. A. , Alim A. , Islam M. A. , Anisuzzaman A. S. M. , Ahmed M. 
Published: January 2013

Ethanolic extracts of some fruits of Cucurbitaceae family such as Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Lagenaria siceraria (white pumpkin), Luffa acutangula (ridge gourd), Benincasa hispida (ash gourd), Citrullus lanatus (sweet melon) and Cucarbita maxima (pumpkin) have been studied for their hypoglycemic effects on alloxan induced diabetic rats (AIDRs). Screening results suggested that among the tested fruits the hypoglycemic potency follows: cucumber > white pumpkin > ridge gourd. These three fruit-extracts were further investigated for their hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and glycogenesis effects. Cucumber, white pumpkin and ridge gourd extracts reduced blood glucose level by 67, 65 and 51%, respectively at 12 hours after single intraperitoneal injection; while reduced the low density lipoprotein (LDL) level to 13, 28 and 86%, respectively in AIDRs. The maximum reduction 87% was observed by cucumber extract. Cucumber, white pumpkin and ridge gourd extracts reduced total cholesterol level to 29, 15 and 38%, respectively comparing with the diabetic control group. Here the maximum reduction of 85% was observed by white pumpkin extract. Cucumber, white pumpkin and ridge gourd also reduced triglyceride levels to 72, 68 and 80%, respectively. Maximum reduction of 32% was observed by white pumpkin. Significant improvement of glycogenesis was also observed by ridge gourd extracts in AIDRs.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i1.10252 J. Sci. Res. 5 (1), 161-170 (2013)
Numerical Study of the Routes toward Chaos of Natural Convection within an Inclined Enclosure
Authors: Kieno F. , Ouedraogo A. , Zongo O. M. , Bathiebo J. D. , Zeghmati B. 
Published: January 2013

Two-dimensional numerical study of transient natural convection in an inclined cubic cavity filled with air using stream function-vorticity form for the Navier-Stokes equations has been carried out to explore the route toward chaos. The hot and cold vertical walls are maintained isothermal at temperature Tc and Th respectively and the other walls are adiabatic. Two angles of inclination of the cavity 25° and 65° are considered. Transfers equations are solved using finite-difference discretization procedures. The study predicts various critical Rayleigh numbers for the two tilted angles characterizing the variation of the attractor behaviour and shows that the larger the Rayleigh number is, the more sensitive the attractor becomes to time step and meshes size. The routes toward the chaos followed by the attractor are: limit point / limit cycle / T2 torus / cycle fitted on a T2 torus / chaos / T2 torus / cycle fitted on a T2 torus / chaos when the Rayleigh number increases. The analysis confirms also the bifurcation of the attractor from a limit point to a limit cycle via an overcritical Hopf bifurcation for a Rayleigh number between 1.95x106 and 1.96x106.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i1.10709 J. Sci. Res. 5 (1), 105-117 (2013)
Material Properties of Acetylated Jute-Mat Composites
Authors: Al-Mobarak T. , Gafur M. A. , Mina M. F. 
Published: January 2013

Jute-mat (JM) reinforced polyvinylchloride (PVC) composites were prepared with various contents of acetylated and non-acetylated JM by heat-pressed method at 160 °C to obtain a neat PVC (NPVC), untreated PVC-JM composites (UC) and treated PVC-JM composites (TC). Structural, mechanical, surface morphological and thermal properties of a NPVC and a series of UC and TC were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, mechanical test and differential thermal analyses (DTA). Water intake (WI) measurements of these samples were also performed. FTIR spectra show distinct absorption peaks for NPVC and UC and TC, suggesting a modified surface texture of JM fiber. While the NPVC does not show any water absorption, the UC exhibit higher WI than TC, indicating that the hydrophilic moiety of JM is filled up by the acetyl group. Tensile strength, flexural strength, Youngs modulus and tangent modulus of TC are observed to be higher than those of NPVC and UC. Surface micrographs reveal a better adhesion between acetylated JM and PVC than between non-acetylated JM and PVC. The decomposing temperature of TC is observed to be higher than that of NPVC and UC. Enhancement of various properties of acetylated JM-PVC composites is elaborately discussed in this paper.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i1.11798 J. Sci. Res. 5 (1), 13-23 (2013)
Physicochemical Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of Evaporated Extract of Cow Dung Against Some Pathogens
Authors: Waziri M. , Suleiman J. S. 
Published: January 2013

The evaporated extract of cow dung is traditionally used in Northern Nigeria and Cameroun as food additive and in treatment of infectious diseases. In this study, the cow dung ash extract was prepared and tested for some elemental contents as well as the antimicrobial activity against Cyanobacteria (C.bacteria), Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B.subtilis) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) using different analytical techniques. The extract was highly basic with pH of 11.7 and the elements vary in the following decreasing order of concentration; K>Na>Mg>Ca>Fe>Al>Zn. S. aureus was the most sensitive bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.082 mg/mL while B. subtilis was the least sensitive with MIC value of 4.3 mg/mL. The result of this study indicate that the extract can supplement the dietary Na and K requirements for the users and supports the folkloric use of the extract in treatment of infections.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i1.11962 J. Sci. Res. 5 (1), 135-141 (2013)
Iron(III) Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Halides: Synthesis of Terphenyl and Biphenyl Derivatives
Authors: Rahman M. J. , Debnath D. 
Published: January 2013

Iron(III) mediated coupling of arylmagnesium halides with other aryl halides produced both homo- and cross-coupled products. The reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide with 1,4-dibromobenzene as well as with 4-chlorobromobenzene in presence of FeCl3 catalyst produced both cross-coupled p-terphenyl and homo-coupled biphenyl. Under the same condition only homo-coupled 4,4¢-dipropoxybiphenyl was obtained from 4-propoxyphenylmagnesium bromide. The coupling of 4-bromophenylmagnesium bromide with bromobenzene produced both homo- and cross-coupled biaryls.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i1.12207 J. Sci. Res. 5 (1), 127-134 (2013)
Effect of Prandtl Number on Forced Convection in a Two Sided Open Enclosure Using Nanofluid
Authors: Parvin S. , Nasrin R. , Alim M. A. , Hossain N. F. 
Published: January 2013

Analysis of Prandtl number effect on forced convective flow and thermal field characteristics inside an open cavity with porous wavy isothermal wall using water-CuO nanofluid have been performed numerically. The upper and lower surfaces are of temperature Th. The fluid enters from left and exits from right with initial velocity Ui and temperature Ti. Governing equations are discretized using the Finite Element Method. Simulation is carried out for a range of Prandtl number, Pr (from 1.47 to 8.81) and wave amplitude A (from 0 to 0.15) while Reynolds number, Re =100; Darcy number, Da = 100 and solid volume fraction, = 5%. Results are presented in the form of streamlines, isothermal lines, rate of heat transfer, average temperature of the fluid and velocity at mid-height of the channel for various Pr and A. Increasing Pr and lessening A causes the enhancement of heat transfer rate.© 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i1.9641 J. Sci. Res. 5 (1), 67-75 (2013)
Decay of Dusty Fluid MHD Turbulence for Four-point Correlation in a Rotating System
Authors: PK M. A. Bkar , Azad M. A. K. , Sarker M. S. A. 
Published: January 2013

In this paper we have considered the dusty fluid MHD turbulence in a rotating system at four-point correlation. Here three and four-point correlations between fluctuating quantities have been considered and the quintuple correlations are neglected in comparison to the third and fourth order correlations. For the convention of calculation, the correlation equations are converted to the spectral form by taking their Fourier transforms. Finally, integrating the energy spectrum over all wave numbers, the energy decay of dusty fluid MHD turbulence in a rotating system for four-point correlation system is obtained. © 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i1.9996 J. Sci. Res. 5 (1), 77-90 (2013)