bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Oxidation of Vitamin D3 Enhanced by Long‐Range Effects of a Substrate Channel Mutation in Cytochrome P450BM3 (CYP102A1)
Authors: Chen Wenyu , Lynch Jamie N. C. , Bustamante Claudia , Zhang Yuan , Wong Luet L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVitamin D deficiency affects nearly half the population, with many requiring or opting for supplements with vitamin D3 (VD3), the precursor of vitamin D (1α,25‐dihydroxyVD3). 25‐HydroxyVD3, the circulating form of vitamin D, is a more effective supplement than VD3 but its synthesis is complex. We report here the engineering of cytochrome P450BM3 (CYP102A1) for the selective oxidation of VD3 to 25‐hydroxyVD3. Long‐range effects of the substrate‐channel mutation Glu435Ile promoted binding of the VD3 side chain close to the heme, enhancing VD3 oxidation activity that reached 6.62 g of 25‐hydroxyVD3 isolated from a 1‐litre scale reaction (69.1 % yield; space‐time‐yield 331 mg/L/h).
Investigation of Crystallization Fouling on Column Internals using a Screening Test Rig
Authors: Inderwies Korbinian , Kappes Jürgen , Klein Harald , Rehfeldt Sebastian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFouling on column internals leads to many malfunctions in chemical processes every year. Despite the importance for the industry, only a few systematic studies exist on the fouling of column internals. Here, a new screening test rig is presented for the rapid and easy characterization of a wide range of internals with respect to their fouling tolerance. A countercurrent of saturated NaCl/water solution and air is used to force crystallization fouling. Photographs help to identify the initial points of fouling on two random packings and provide insights into the growth of deposits. In addition, the fouling tolerance of five different trays is investigated, demonstrating that trays with larger curtain area show greater fouling tolerance.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Tetrasubstituted α,β‐Unsaturated Amides: Efficient Access to Chiral β‐Amino Amides†
Authors: Jiao Bing , Wang Fangyuan , Lv Hui 
Published: July 2024

Comprehensive SummaryThe first asymmetric hydrogenation of acyclic tetrasubstituted α,β‐unsaturated amides has been achieved by using Rh/DuanPhos complex as a catalyst, delivering chiral β‐amino amides with two contiguous chiral centers in excellent yields and high enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield, 96% ee), which provides efficient and concise access to valuable β‐amino amide derivatives. The gram‐scale reaction and efficient transformation of β‐amino amide to β‐amino acid and β‐amino cyanide demonstrated the utility of this methodology.
Circulating Levels of Calprotectin as a Biomarker in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Reshadmanesh Tara , Behnoush Amir Hossein , Farajollahi Maedeh , Khalaji Amirmohammad , Ghondaghsaz Elina , Ahangar Hassan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCalprotectin, also known as MRP8/14, is generated by immune cells and is altered in several inflammatory diseases. Studies have assessed their levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its subtypes (stable CAD and acute coronary syndrome [ACS]). Herein, we aimed to systematically investigate these associations through a systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in four online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Web of Science. Relevant studies were retrieved, screened, and extracted. Random‐effect meta‐analysis was performed for the calculation of standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Blood calprotectin levels were compared between CAD patients and controls, as well as CAD subtypes.ResultsA total of 20 studies were included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis, comprising 3300 CAD patients and 1230 controls. Patients with CAD had significantly higher calprotectin levels (SMD 0.81, 95% CI 0.32−1.30, p < 0.01). Similarly, patients with ACS were reported to have higher levels compared to those with stable CAD. However, there was no significant difference in terms of blood calprotectin levels between stable CAD cases and healthy controls. Finally, studies have shown that calprotectin could be used as a diagnostic biomarker of CAD while also predicting major adverse events and mortality in these patients.ConclusionBased on our findings, calprotectin, as an inflammatory marker, could be used as a possible biomarker for patients with CAD and ACS. These suggest the possibility of pathophysiological pathways for this involvement and warrant further research on these associations as well as their clinical utility.
Utility of an anchored multiplex polymerase chain reaction‐based fusion assay for diagnosis of soft tissue tumors in cytology
Authors: Helland T. Leif , Fisch Adam S. , Chebib Ivan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundFine‐needle aspiration specimens from soft tissue tumors are complicated by lack of tissue architecture and limited material for ancillary testing. There are little data on the feasibility of next‐generation sequencing techniques for fusion detection on soft tissue cytology specimens. This study explored the role of an anchored multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based gene fusion assay in aiding the diagnosis of mesenchymal neoplasms on cytology samples.MethodsThe laboratory information system was queried for cytology specimens that had undergone testing by anchored multiplex PCR. After exclusion of epithelial and hematolymphoid neoplasms, clinical and pathologic information was collected on the remaining cases.ResultsThere were 1609 cytology specimens tested with anchored multiplex PCR. Of these, 48 (3%) were cytology specimens from mesenchymal tumors. Anchored multiplex PCR was positive for a reportable fusion transcript in 14 of 48 cases (29%); there was no fusion detected in 32 cases (67%), and there was insufficient tissue for analysis in two cases (4%). The detectable fusion partners included ALK (n = 4), STAT6 (n = 4), EWSR1 (n = 3), and one each of SS18, YAP1, and PHF1. Of the cases in which a fusion partner was detected, eight of 14 were disease‐defining on cytology preparation, and six of 14 provided molecular confirmation of a metastatic focus of a previously diagnosed tumor.ConclusionsThe anchored, multiplex PCR‐based gene fusion assay is a powerful orthogonal tool in helping diagnose mesenchymal neoplasms on cytology specimens. The material obtained for cytologic analysis yields sufficient quality/quantity of tissue in the majority of cases tested.
Electric Field‐Enhanced Ion Rejection Rate in Freeze Desalination
Authors: Wang Yixiang , Huang Baoling , Li Zhigang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFreeze desalination is an appealing method for seawater desalination through freezing seawater. The percentage of ions in the liquid phase, which is termed ion rejection rate, is a critical factor affecting the performance of freeze desalination. Improving the ion rejection rate is an important topic for freeze desalination. In this work, we investigate the effects of electric fields on the ion rejection rate during the freezing of seawater through molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that the ion rejection rate increases with increasing electric field strength. The enhanced ion rejection rate is due to the reduction of the energy barrier at the ice‐water interface caused by the electric field, which affects the orientation of water molecules and ion‐water interactions. However, the electric field hinders the ice growth rate, which affects the productivity of freeze desalination. Nevertheless, the finding in this work offers a new idea to improve the ion rejection rate. Practically, a trade‐off needs to be found to optimize the overall performance of freeze desalination.
Exploring New Solid Forms of Antirheumatic Drug Hydroxychloroquine: Novel Salts with Sustained‐Release Performance
Authors: Ji Wei‐Jie , Wu Yue , Hong Minghuang , Zhu Bin , Ren Guo‐Bin , Qi Ming‐Hui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydroxychloroquine sulfate is a common drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the disadvantage of this drug is that it needs to be taken continuously for 3–6 months to be effective and compliance of patients is poor. In this work, four new salt forms of hydroxychloroquine are successfully prepared whose crystal structures and properties are confirmed by a series of solid‐state characterization methods, including infrared spectroscopy, single crystal X‐ray diffraction, powder X‐ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and dynamic vapor sorption analysis. The hygroscopicity, stability, equilibrium solubility, and intrinsic dissolution rate of the four new salts are also tested. The moisture absorption, solubility, and intrinsic dissolution rate of newly prepared salts are significantly reduced, and the dissolution rates of 1‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthoate and 1,5‐naphthalenedisulfonate salts are only 1/158 and 1/335 of that of the therapeutically used sulfates, respectively. It is expected that they are potentially useful to be developed into a sustained‐release formulation, which can greatly improve the dosing compliance for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
Watts Up!
Authors: Moretti Marcelo L. , Benedetti Tatiana , Medeiros Pamela , Crisp Jason , Mcomb Jeffrey , Weiland Jerry E. , Zasada Inga 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOrnamental nursery stocks rely on soil fumigants to combat soilborne pathogens, diseases, and weeds, which all pose significant challenges to tree seedling production in the ornamental industry. Methyl bromide, a broad‐spectrum soil fumigant, effectively targets weeds, soilborne fungi, and nematodes. Despite its efficacy, its classification as a potent ozone‐depleting substance has led to its gradual phase‐out in agricultural practices. Pulse electric field (PEF) technology has emerged as a promising innovation with the potential to address multiple challenges posed by methyl bromide. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Influence of the Bis‐Carbene Ligand on Manganese Catalysts for CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Richter Marvin L. , Peris Eduardo , Gonell Sergio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFirst row transition metal complexes have attracted attention as abundant and affordable electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Manganese complexes bearing bis‐N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands defining 6‐membered ring metallacycles have proven to reduce CO2 to CO selectively at very high rates. Herein, we report the synthesis of manganese carbonyl complexes supported by a rigid ortho‐phenylene bridged bis‐N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand (ortho‐phenylene‐bis(N‐methylimidazol‐2‐ylidene), Ph‐bis‐mim), which defines a 7‐membered ring metallacycle. We performed a comparative study with the analogues complexes bearing an ethylene‐bis(N‐methylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) ligand (C2H4‐bis‐mim) and a methylene‐bis(N‐methylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) ligand (CH2‐bis‐mim), and found that catalysts comprising a seven‐membered metallacycle retain similar selectivity and activity as those with six‐membered metallacycles, while reducing the overpotential by 120–190 mV. Our findings reveal general design principles for manganese bis‐N‐heterocyclic carbene electrocatalysts, which can guide further designs of affordable, fast and low overpotential catalysts for CO2 electroreduction.
Resource pulses shape seasonal and individual variation in the diet of an omnivorous carnivore
Authors: Jensen Alex J. , Muthersbaugh Michael , Ruth Charles R. , Butfiloski Joseph W. , Cantrell Jay , Adams Jennifer , Waits Lisette , Kilgo John C. , Jachowski David S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResource pulses are ecologically important phenomenon that occur in most ecosystems globally. Following optimal foraging theory, many consumers switch to pulsatile foods when available, examples of which include fruit mast and vulnerable young prey. Yet how the availability of resource pulses shapes the ecology of predators is still an emerging area of research; and how much individual variation there is in response to pulses is not well understood. We hypothesized that resource pulses would lead to dietary convergence in our population, which we tested by tracking both population‐level and individual coyote diets for 3 years in South Carolina, USA. We (1) described seasonal dietary shifts in relation to resource pulses; (2) compared male and female diets across seasons; and (3) tested this dietary convergence hypothesis by quantifying individual dietary variation both across and within periods when resource pulses were available. We found that pulses of white‐tailed deer fawns and blackberries composed over half of coyote diet in summer, and persimmon fruits were an important component in fall. Male and female coyotes generally had similar diets, but males consumed more deer in fall, perhaps driven by scavenging more. We found support for our dietary convergence hypothesis, where individuals had more similar diets during resource pulses compared to a non‐pulse period. We also found that this convergence happened before peak availability, suggesting a non‐symmetric response to pulse availability. We show that nearly all coyotes eat fawns, suggesting that targeted efforts to remove “fawn killers” would be in vain. Instead, given how quickly coyotes collectively converge on resource pulses, our findings show that resource pulses could potentially be used by managers to alter the behavior of apex predators. More broadly, we open a new line of inquiry into how variation in individual foraging decisions scales up to shape the effects of resource pulses on ecological communities.
Iodonium Salt‐Mediated Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides by DMSO
Authors: Avramidou Elisavet , Triandafyllou Agapi K. , Zisopoulou Stavroula A. , Stini Naya A. , Demertzidou Vera P. , Kokotos Christoforos G. , Gkizis Petros L. , Gallos John K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCompounds bearing the sulfoxide moiety display an important class of molecules in pharmaceutical industry. Many efforts have been made towards the development of novel, sustainable, easy‐to‐execute and industrially friendly processes. A novel iodonium‐salt‐mediated oxidation protocol for the conversion of sulfides into the corresponding sulfoxides is reported, employing DMSO as the oxidant. Several sulfides decorated with various functional groups were tested, leading to the corresponding products in good to excellent yields with remarkable chemoselectivity. The oxidation protocol was successfully applied to the synthesis of the pharmaceutical active ingredients (APIs) Sulforaphane and Modafinil.
Surrogate models for seismic response analysis of flexible rocking structures
Authors: Alvares da Silva Andréia Horta , Stojadinović Božidar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSeismic design tools are based on surrogate models of the designed structure and the responses of those surrogates to earthquake ground motions. To design symmetric flexible rocking structures, a surrogate model that includes rocking and flexure is needed. In this paper, we derive the equation of motion of a flexible multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) structure rocking on its base in modal coordinates. Then, we introduce a set of two‐degree‐of‐freedom (2DOF) surrogate models that accounts only for the first elastic vibration mode of the multimass structure and its rotation about the base pivot points. We investigate the surrogates' ability to represent the dynamics of an elastic MDOF structure that uplifts and rocks and the interaction between rocking and flexure. Therein, we detail the simplifications for the equations of motion of the 2DOF surrogate models and the adopted rocking impact model, and develop and check the sliding initiation condition. We show that the simplified 2DOF surrogate model responses compare well to experimental results. Then we assess the 2DOF surrogate model accuracy in representing the earthquake response of the MDOF model using Cloud Analysis and the coefficient of determination approach. We find that simplified 2DOF surrogate of the MDOF model is quite accurate () in estimating its maximum relative top displacement and acceptably accurate () in estimating its maximum base rotation based on a thousand randomly generated flexible rocking structure earthquake response analyses. Lastly, we discuss using the simplified 2DOF surrogate model of symmetric flexible rocking structures in preliminary seismic design, and give examples featuring a continuous elastic hollow semi‐conical chimney and an inelastic flexible MDOF structure, both with a base that may uplift.
Effectiveness of the Maudsley Model of Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults: A systematic review
Authors: Fernández García Sheila , Quiles Marcos Yolanda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundMaudsley Model of Anorexia nervosa (AN) Treatment for Adults (MANTRA) is recommended by NICE for the treatment of adults with AN. However, despite this fact, the approach remains relatively understudied. The aim of this study was to systematically update the research evidence regarding the use of the MANTRA in the treatment of Eating Disorders (ED).MethodThe databases used were Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycInfo, including studies up to 31 May 2023. PRISMA guidelines were followed, and Cochrane tools were used to assess the risk of bias. The search focused on identifying published articles that discussed the usefulness of MANTRA as a component of treatment for ED, following PICO criteria.ResultsNine studies spanning the period from 2011 to 2023 were included. Findings suggested that MANTRA was effective in improving body mass index (BMI), eating symptomatology and emotional state. There were generally no significant differences compared to other treatment conditions. Limitations to interpreting this systematic review include the methodological quality of included studies and the elevated risk of bias.ConclusionsThis review was the first to examine the effectiveness of MANTRA. The results indicate that MANTRA has shown effectiveness similar to other treatments for adults AN patients in addressing key clinical variables. It has been used in different populations (adolescents, males, inpatients) and formats (group, online) However, more research is needed to determine its effectiveness.
Barriers and facilitators to diagnosing dementia in migrant populations: A systematic review of European health professionals' perspectives
Authors: Hurley Siobhan , Turnbull Sue , Calia Clara 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundRates of dementia are increasing in migrant populations, however, there is evidence that they remain underrepresented in older adult healthcare services. Barriers and facilitators to accessing dementia care have been explored from the viewpoint of migrants and caregivers, however, no review has synthesised the literature pertaining to clinicians' viewpoints. This review aimed to explore clinician perspectives as to the barriers and facilitators in assessing and diagnosing dementia in migrant populations.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was conducted. Databases included EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, MEDLINE and ProQuest. Qualitative studies from the perspective of European clinicians were included. The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the Critical Appraisals Programme Tool (CASP). The analysis adopted a thematic synthesis approach.ResultsThe review included 11 qualitative studies relating to the diagnosis of dementia in migrants. The quality of the studies was generally high, although few studies reported on the relationship between the researcher and the participants. The data related more to the barriers in diagnosing dementia, and few facilitators were found. Four themes were constructed: (1) service access (2) perceptions of migrant beliefs (3) relationships and (4) quality of the diagnostic process.ConclusionsThe review is limited by the small number of studies available. The findings highlight significant clinical concerns in the diagnosis of migrants, in particular the underrepresentation of migrants within services and the barriers to access they may face. The quality of the diagnostic process was often thought to be undermined by a lack of culturally sensitive assessment tools. Further research on the use of an interpreter in diagnosing dementia is needed.
Fibrinogen‐like 1: A hepatokine linking liver physiology to hematology
Authors: Personnaz Jean , Guillou Hervé , Kautz Léon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA recent study identified the critical contribution of the hepatokine FGL1 to the regulation of iron metabolism during the recovery from anemia. FGL1 is secreted by hepatocytes in response to hypoxia to sequester BMP ligands and repress the transcription of the iron‐regulatory hormone hepcidin. This process ensures the proper supply of iron to the bone marrow for new red blood cell synthesis and the restoration of physiological oxygen levels. FGL1 may therefore contribute to the recovery from common anemias and cause iron overload in chronic anemias with ineffective erythropoiesis, such as ß‐thalassemia, dyserythropoietic anemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes. However, FGL1 has also been described as a regulator of hepatocyte proliferation, glucose homeostasis, and insulin signaling, as well as a mediator of liver steatosis and immune evasion. Chronic exposure to elevated levels of FGL1 during anemia may therefore have systemic metabolic effects besides iron regulation and erythropoiesis. Here, we are providing an overview of the proposed functions of FGL1 in physiology and pathophysiology.
The crucial role of the cerebellum in autism spectrum disorder: Neuroimaging, neurobiological, and anatomical insights
Authors: Biswas Mohammad Shahangir , Roy Suronjit Kumar , Hasan Rubait , PK Md Moyen Uddin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by a wide range of symptoms and challenges. While ASD is primarily associated with atypical social and communicative behaviors, increasing research has pointed towards the involvement of various brain regions, including the cerebellum. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of cerebellar lobules in ASD, highlighting recent findings and potential therapeutic implications.MethodsUsing published articles found in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, we extracted pertinent data to complete this review work. We have searched for terms including anatomical insights, neuroimaging, neurobiological, and autism spectrum disorder.ResultsThe intricate relationship between the cerebellum and other brain regions linked to ASD has been highlighted by neurobiological research, which has shown abnormalities in neurotransmitter systems and cerebellar circuitry. The relevance of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of ASD has been further highlighted by anatomical studies that have revealed evidence of cerebellar abnormalities, including changes in volume, morphology, and connectivity.ConclusionThorough knowledge of the cerebellum's function in ASD may lead to new understandings of the underlying mechanisms of the condition and make it easier to create interventions and treatments that are more specifically targeted at treating cerebellar dysfunction in ASD patients.