bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isothiocyanate‐rich Moringa oleifera extract reduces weight gain, insulin resistance, and hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice
Authors: Waterman Carrie , Rojas‐Silva Patricio , Tumer Tugba Boyunegmez , Kuhn Peter , Richard Allison J. , Wicks Shawna , Stephens Jacqueline M. , Wang Zhong , Mynatt Randy , Cefalu William , Raskin Ilya 
Published: January 2015

ScopeMoringa oleifera (moringa) is tropical plant traditionally used as an antidiabetic food. It produces structurally unique and chemically stable moringa isothiocyanates (MICs) that were evaluated for their therapeutic use in vivo.Methods and resultsC57BL/6L mice fed very high fat diet (VHFD) supplemented with 5% moringa concentrate (MC, delivering 66 mg/kg/d of MICs) accumulated fat mass, had improved glucose tolerance and insulin signaling, and did not develop fatty liver disease compared to VHFD‐fed mice. MC‐fed group also had reduced plasma insulin, leptin, resistin, cholesterol, IL‐1β, TNFα, and lower hepatic glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6P) expression. In hepatoma cells, MC and MICs at low micromolar concentrations inhibited gluconeogenesis and G6P expression. MICs and MC effects on lipolysis in vitro and on thermogenic and lipolytic genes in adipose tissue in vivo argued these are not likely primary targets for the anti‐obesity and anti‐diabetic effects observed.ConclusionData suggest that MICs are the main anti‐obesity and anti‐diabetic bioactives of MC, and that they exert their effects by inhibiting rate‐limiting steps in liver gluconeogenesis resulting in direct or indirect increase in insulin signaling and sensitivity. These conclusions suggest that MC may be an effective dietary food for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Eco‐Friendly Countermeasures for Enlarged Basins Erosion
Authors: Pagliara S. , Palermo M. , Das R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEco‐friendly hydraulic structures (such as block ramps, rock weirs and stepped gabion weir) are generally made of rocks placed in two or more layers on a sloped bed. They are usually used in mountainous rivers to control sediment transport. The downstream stilling basin plays an important role in terms of both energy dissipation and erosion control. In addition, a correct design of the downstream stilling basin can create an optimal habitat for fish species in the river. Therefore, in the present work, an attempt was made to control the scour depth downstream of a block ramp using rock structures. In particular, the analysis was focused on scour characteristics in the presence of a protected and enlarged downstream channel. Namely, an abrupt symmetrically enlarged channel was simulated downstream of block ramps. Eco‐friendly protection structures, such as rock sills, were tested to limit the erosive process. Rock sills were placed transversally at different longitudinal and vertical positions in the stilling basin and scour morphology variations were investigated. Experiments were carried out for two different ratios of the width of the channel to the width of the ramp and three different ramp slopes. Several scour morphologies were distinguished and classified. In addition, empirical relationships were derived, by which it is possible to estimate the main scour geometry characteristics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spawning Migration of Wild and Supplementary Stocked Landlocked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar)
Authors: Hagelin A. , Calles O. , Greenberg L. , Piccolo J. , Bergman E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractUpstream migration by adult salmonids is impeded by dams in many regulated rivers, as is the case for landlocked Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in the River Klarälven, Sweden. There, the salmon cannot reach the spawning grounds due to the presence of eight dams. Hence, hatchery‐reared smolts are released downstream of the dams, and upstream migrating spawners are caught in a trap at the lowermost dam before transported by truck to the spawning grounds past the dams. To identify the spawning grounds and compare the behavior of wild and hatchery‐reared Atlantic salmon during upstream migration and spawning, 34 wild and 28 hatchery‐reared, radio‐tagged Atlantic salmon were followed during their spawning migration from August to October 2011. Half (50%) of the hatchery fish, but only 11,8% of the wild fish ended up as fallbacks, i.e. they migrated past the first downstream power station, and did not spawn. A significantly higher proportion (21.4%) of hatchery‐ reared salmon moved in an erratic way, with several up and down stream movements, when compared to the wild salmon (5.9%). When looking at the salmon that stayed in the river (exc. fallbacks), wild individuals exhibited a holding behavior (little or no movements before presumed spawning) more often (86.7%) than the reared ones (50%). The wild salmon also held position (and presumably spawned) for longer time (25.4 days) than the reared salmon (16.1 days). Reared salmon held position, on average, 10 km further upstream than wild salmon, passing the presumed best‐quality spawning habitat. The migration speed (average 17.4 km/day) between two logger stations did not differ between wild and reared fish or between sexes. Our results suggest that the reproductive success of hatchery‐reared Atlantic salmon is relatively low and their capacity as supplementary spawners to the wild population in the Klarälven, is probably small. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Education, communication, and science in the public sphere
Authors: Feinstein Noah Weeth 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn the 1920s, John Dewey and Walter Lippmann both wrote important books examining whether the public was capable of playing a constructive role in policy, particularly when specialized knowledge was involved. This essay uses the Lippmann–Dewey debate to identify new challenges for science education and to explore the relationship between science education and science communication. It argues that science education can help foster democracy in ways that embody Habermas' ideal of the public sphere, but only if we as a field pay more attention to (1) the non‐scientific frames and narratives that people use to interpret news about science, (2) the “second shaping” of scientific facts by the media, and (3) emerging platforms for public engagement. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 52:145–163, 2015.
Triacylglycerol Composition Profiling and Comparison of High‐Oleic and Normal Peanut Oils
Authors: Dong X. Y. , Zhong J. , Wei F. , Lv X. , Wu L. , Lei Y. , Liao B. S. , Quek S. Y. , Chen H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOilseed plants produce huge amounts of fatty acids (FA) stored as triacylglycerols (TAG) in seeds that give a great variation in their composition. The variety and content of TAG directly affect the nutrition and function of lipids. TAG composition of 12 high‐oleic and normal peanut oil samples were profiled by two‐dimensional liquid chromatography (2D LC) coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI‐MS). The statistical evaluation of the TAG profiles determined was conducted on the basis of multidimensional data matrix using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The technique enabled the differentiation of high‐oleic oils from normal peanut oils—as results illustrated TAG of high‐oleic peanut oil were clearly different from those of normal peanut oils. High‐oleic and normal peanut oils had different profiles mainly in the contents of OOO, OPO and POL. This finding provided theoretical foundation for detecting the adulteration of edible oils and analyzing the nutrition and function of high‐oleic peanut oils.
High-uptake areas on positron emission tomography with the hypoxic radiotracer 18F-FRP170 in glioblastomas include regions retaining proliferative activity under hypoxia
Authors: Beppu Takaaki , Sasaki Toshiaki , Terasaki Kazunori , Saura Hiroaki , Mtsuura Hideki , Ogasawara Kuniaki , Sasaki Makoto , Ehara Shigeru , Iwata Ren , Takai Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to evaluate the proliferative activity of high-uptake areas on positron emission tomography (PET) with the hypoxic cell radiotracer, 1-(2-[18F]fluoro-1-[hydroxymethyl]ethoxy)methyl-2-nitroimidazole (FRP170).MethodsThirteen patients with glioblastoma underwent FRP170 PET before tumor resection. During surgery, tumor specimens were stereotaxically obtained from regions corresponding to high (high-uptake areas, HUAs) and relatively low (low-uptake areas, LUAs) accumulation of FRP170. We compared immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α between HUA and LUA.ResultsHIF-1α index was significantly higher in HUAs than in LUAs. In contrast, mean Ki-67 indices did not differ significantly between HUAs and LUAs.ConclusionsFindings for HIF-1α index clearly indicated that HUAs on FRP170 PET represented hypoxic regions in glioblastoma. However, findings of Ki-67 index suggest that HUAs on FRP170 PET include regions retaining proliferative activity regardless of tissue hypoxia.
Adolescent online romantic relationship initiation: Differences by sexual and gender identification
Authors: Korchmaros Josephine D. , Ybarra Michele L. , Mitchell Kimberly J. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTData from the national Teen Health and Technology Study of adolescents 13–18 years old (N = 5091) were used to examine online formation of romantic relationships. Results show that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) and non‐LGBTQ adolescents similarly were most likely to have met their most recent boy/girlfriend in the past 12 months at school. However, they differed on many characteristics of romantic relationship initiation, including the extent to which they initiated romantic relationships online. LGBTQ and non‐LGBTQ adolescents also differed on level of offline access to potential partners, offline popularity, and numerous other factors possibly related to online relationship initiation (e.g., Internet use and demographic factors). Even after adjusting for differences in these factors, LGBTQ adolescents were more likely than non‐LGBTQ adolescents to find boy/girlfriends online in the past 12 months. The results support the rich‐get‐richer hypothesis as well as the social compensation hypothesis.
Sinomenine alleviates mechanical hypersensitivity in mice with experimentally induced rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Gao Tianle , Shi Tiansheng , Wiesenfeld-Hallin Zsuzsanna , Svensson Camilla I. , Xu Xiao-Jun 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Background and aims
We have previously reported that sinomenine, an alkaloid isolated from the root of the plant Sinomenium acutum, had antinociceptive effect in rodent models of acute inflammatory or neuropathic pain. As a traditional medicine, sinomenine is used in China to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
In the present study, we evaluated the potential antinociceptive effect of sinomenine in a mouse model of RA, collagen type II antibody (CII Ab) induced arthritis (CAIA) after acute and chronic administration.

Results
As single administration, sinomenine at 40 or 80 mg/kg significantly reduced mechanical hypersensitivity both at the time of peak joint inflammation (days 11–19 after CII Ab injection) or during the post-inflammatory phase (days 35–54). No tolerance to the effect of 80 mg/kg sinomenine was observed during repeated injection twice a day for 5 days from day 11 to day 19 or from day 49 to day 53 after CII Ab injection in CAIA mice.

Conclusions
We have shown that sinomenine is effective in alleviating localized and spread hypersensitivities in CAIA mice both during acute inflammation and in post-inflammatory phase. Further, repeated sinomenine administration has elevated the baseline mechanical threshold without producing tolerance.

Implications
Sinomenine may be clinically useful to treat chronic pain in RA, including wide-spread pain which appears to be a difficult clinical problem despite the improvement in the acute treatment of RA by disease modifying agents.
Plant photosynthesis phenomics data quality control
Authors: Xu Lei , Cruz Jeffrey A. , Savage Linda J , Kramer David M. , Chen Jin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMotivation: Plant phenomics, the collection of large-scale plant phenotype data, is growing exponentially. The resources have become essential component of modern plant science. Such complex datasets are critical for understanding the mechanisms governing energy intake and storage in plants, and this is essential for improving crop productivity. However, a major issue facing these efforts is the determination of the quality of phenotypic data. Automated methods are needed to identify and characterize alterations caused by system errors, all of which are difficult to remove in the data collection step and distinguish them from more interesting cases of altered biological responses.Results: As a step towards solving this problem, we have developed a coarse-to-refined model called dynamic filter to identify abnormalities in plant photosynthesis phenotype data by comparing light responses of photosynthesis using a simplified kinetic model of photosynthesis. Dynamic filter employs an expectation-maximization process to adjust the kinetic model in coarse and refined regions to identify both abnormalities and biological outliers. The experimental results show that our algorithm can effectively identify most of the abnormalities in both real and synthetic datasets.Availability and implementation: Software available at www.msu.edu/%7Ejinchen/DynamicFilterContact: jinchen@msu.edu or kramerd8@cns.msu.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ASSIGN: context-specific genomic profiling of multiple heterogeneous biological pathways
Authors: Shen Ying , Rahman Mumtahena , Piccolo Stephen R. , Gusenleitner Daniel , El-Chaar Nader N. , Cheng Luis , Monti Stefano , Bild Andrea H. , Johnson W. Evan 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Although gene-expression signature-based biomarkers are often developed for clinical diagnosis, many promising signatures fail to replicate during validation. One major challenge is that biological samples used to generate and validate the signature are often from heterogeneous biological contexts—controlled or in vitro samples may be used to generate the signature, but patient samples may be used for validation. In addition, systematic technical biases from multiple genome-profiling platforms often mask true biological variation. Addressing such challenges will enable us to better elucidate disease mechanisms and provide improved guidance for personalized therapeutics.
Results: Here, we present a pathway profiling toolkit, Adaptive Signature Selection and InteGratioN (ASSIGN), which enables robust and context-specific pathway analyses by efficiently capturing pathway activity in heterogeneous sets of samples and across profiling technologies. The ASSIGN framework is based on a flexible Bayesian factor analysis approach that allows for simultaneous profiling of multiple correlated pathways and for the adaptation of pathway signatures into specific disease. We demonstrate the robustness and versatility of ASSIGN in estimating pathway activity in simulated data, cell lines perturbed pathways and in primary tissues samples including The Cancer Genome Atlas breast carcinoma samples and liver samples exposed to genotoxic carcinogens.
Availability and implementation: Software for our approach is available for download at: http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/ASSIGN.html and https://github.com/wevanjohnson/ASSIGN .
Contact : andreab@genetics.utah.edu or wej@bu.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
CypRules: a rule-based P450 inhibition prediction server
Authors: Shao Chi-Yu , Su Bo-Han , Tu Yi-Shu , Lin Chieh , Lin Olivia A. , Tseng Yufeng J. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Summary: Cytochrome P450 (CYPs) are the major enzymes involved in drug metabolism and bioactivation. Inhibition models were constructed for five of the most popular enzymes from the CYP superfamily in human liver. The five enzymes chosen for this study, namely CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4, account for 90% of the xenobiotic and drug metabolism in human body. CYP enzymes can be inhibited or induced by various drugs or chemical compounds. In this work, a rule-based CYP inhibition prediction online server, CypRules, was created based on predictive models generated by the rule-based C5.0 algorithm. CypRules can predict and provide structural rulesets for CYP inhibition for each compound uploaded to the server. Capable of fast execution performance, it can be used for virtual high-throughput screening (VHTS) of a large set of testing compounds.
Availability and implementation: CypRules is freely accessible at http://cyprules.cmdm.tw/ and models, descriptor and program files for all compounds are publically available at http://cyprules.cmdm.tw/sources/sources.rar .
Contact: yjtseng@csie.ntu.edu.tw
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Analysis of marine mammal bycatch in the Uruguayan pelagic longline fishery operating in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Passadore Cecilia , Domingo Andrés , Secchi Eduardo R. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Bycatch is one of the main causes of human-caused mortality and population decline of many marine mammals. Monitoring bycatch is the first step to understand the impact of the fisheries on the species affected. Understanding how the interaction between marine mammals and fishing operations varies in space and time, and how it is influenced by environmental variables, is essential for designing mitigation strategies to reduce bycatch mortality. In this paper, we use data gathered by scientific observers and a fishing skipper to analyse marine mammals bycatch by the Uruguayan pelagic longline fishery operating in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean from 1996 to 2007. The total bycatch per unit effort (Bcpue) was 0.0150 marine mammals/1000 hooks and the highest values (∼0.2) were recorded between 37°–38°S and 49°–51°W. Total cetacean Bcpue during the study period was low (0.0051 cetacean/1000 hooks) and occurred between 32°–37°S and 46°–54°W. Generalized additive models showed that cetaceans' bycatch was mainly affected by the depth, sea surface temperature, and season. Although cetaceans were captured year-round, the highest values were registered in spring months, most bycatch events occurred over the continental slope (median = 619 m) and in waters with a median temperature of 19.7°C. The bycatch of pinnipeds was influenced by depth, location, and season. Pinniped bycatch occurred mainly in winter, in waters ranging from 80 to 5000 m of depth (median = 2366 m) between 34°–37°S (median = 35.9°S) and 54°–49°W (median = 51.8°W). The spatial analysis showed that most bycatch events occurred within the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence zone, an area of high productivity where the pelagic longline fleet concentrates its fishing effort and where marine mammals probably concentrate to feed.
Discard mortality rates in the Bering Sea snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio, fishery
Authors: Urban J. Daniel 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Fish and invertebrates that are unintentionally captured during commercial fishing operations and then released back into the ocean suffer mortality at unknown rates, introducing uncertainty into the fishery management process. Attempts have been made to quantify discard mortality rates using reflex action mortality predictors or RAMP which use the presence or absence of a suite of reflexes to predict discard mortality. This method was applied to snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio, during the 2010–2012 fisheries in the Bering Sea. Discard mortality in the fishery is currently assumed to be 50% in stock assessment models, but that rate is not based on empirical data and is widely recognized to be in need of refinement. Over 19 000 crab were evaluated using the RAMP method. The estimated discard mortality rate was 4.5% (s.d. = 0.812), significantly below the rate used in stock assessment models. Predicted discard mortality rates from the 2010 to 2012 study were strongly correlated with the air temperature at the St Paul Island airport in the Pribilof Islands. Using this relationship, the discard mortality rate from 1991 to 2011 was estimated at 4.8% (s.d. = 1.08).
Targeted Trapping of Mosquito Vectors in the Chesapeake Bay Area of Maryland
Authors: Shone Scott M. , Glass Gregory E. , Norris Douglas E. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Most adult mosquito surveillance in Maryland is performed using dry ice-baited or unbaited Centers for Disease Control (CDC) miniature light traps suspended ≈1.5 m above the ground. However, standardized trapping methods may miss mosquito species involved in disease transmission cycles. During a 2-yr study, the effectiveness of the olfactory attractant 1-octen-3-ol alone and in combination with carbon dioxide was evaluated for collecting mosquito vector species. In addition, trap heights were examined to determine the optimal vertical placement to target various species. We evaluated the results during the second year by targeting selected species by using various habitat–height–bait combinations. Although Culex erraticus Dyar & Knab and Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say were not successfully targeted, Culex salinarius Coquillett, Aedes vexans Meigen, Anopheles bradleyi/crucians King, Coquillettidia perturbans Walker, Aedes sollicitans Walker, and Aedes taeniorhynchus Wiedemann were preferentially captured using targeted trapping schemes.
Borrelia lusitaniae and Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Tuscany, Central Italy
Authors: Bertolotti Luigi , Tomassone Laura , Tramuta Clara , Grego Elena , Amore Giuseppina , Ambrogi Cecilia , Nebbia Patrizia , Mannelli Alessandro 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Prevalence of infection by Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae was estimated in host-seeking ticks in an area in Tuscany, central Italy, where Lyme borreliosis was reported in a forestry worker. B. burgdorferi s.l. was identified by polymerase chain reaction in 16.7% (95% CI = 10.3, 24.8) of Ixodes ricinus (L.) nymphs and 39.6% (95% CI = 26.5, 54.0) of adults. Borrelia lusitaniae accounted for 82.9% of positive samples, followed by Borrelia garinii (9.8%), Borrelia afzelii (2.4%), and Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. (2.4%). One Rhipicephalus spp. adult was infected with B. garinii (prevalence = 8.3%; 95% CI = 0.21, 38.5). Prevalence of infection by SFG rickettsiae was 38.5% (95% CI = 26.7, 51.4) in I. ricinus nymphs, 34.6% (95% CI = 22.0, 49.1) in I. ricinus adults, and 50% (95% CI = 21.1, 78.9) in Rhipicephalus spp. adults. Phylogenetic analysis showed the similarity of B. lusitaniae strains that were identified in this study and of a strain that was previously isolated from a human patient in Portugal. Results of this study confirm the dominance of B. lusitaniae in areas in the Mediterranean basin and the infection by SFG rickettsiae in I. ricinus.