bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic standard of living
Authors: Halleröd Björn 
Published: October 2013

This article has two main objectives. First, to analyse the distribution of economic standard over time in a section of the Swedish population born between 1911 and 1959. Second, to study to what degree labour market position, life cycle events and gender affect this distribution. The empirical analysis uses panel data from the Swedish survey of living conditions gathered in 1979, 1987 and 1995. The concept ‘economic standard’ refers not only to money income but also to actual consumption, the ability to make ends meet and the capacity to save money regularly, and it is operationalized as a latent variable using structural equation modelling.
The results reveal a great deal of stability in the distribution of economic standard over time, and the generally held view that differences in economic standard are evened out over the life course is not supported. Labour market position, household composition and age are important in explaining differences in economic standard. There are also significant differences between women and men. Men are more affected by labour market characteristics such as class position and unemployment, whereas women are more dependent on the household and, if married or cohabiting, on the class position of the spouse.
BEReX: Biomedical Entity-Relationship eXplorer
Authors: Jeon Minji , Lee Sunwon , Lee Kyubum , Tan Aik-Choon , Kang Jaewoo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Summary: Biomedical Entity-Relationship eXplorer (BEReX) is a new biomedical knowledge integration, search and exploration tool. BEReX integrates eight popular databases (STRING, DrugBank, KEGG, PhamGKB, BioGRID, GO, HPRD and MSigDB) and delineates an integrated network by combining the information available from these databases. Users search the integrated network by entering key words, and BEReX returns a sub-network matching the key words. The resulting graph can be explored interactively. BEReX allows users to find the shortest paths between two remote nodes, find the most relevant drugs, diseases, pathways and so on related to the current network, expand the network by particular types of entities and relations and modify the network by removing or adding selected nodes. BEReX is implemented as a standalone Java application.
Availability and implementation: BEReX and a detailed user guide are available for download at our project Web site (http://infos.korea.ac.kr/berex).
Contact: kangj@korea.ac.kr
Supplementary Information: Supplementary methods and Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Somatosensory-Evoked Potential–Guided Intercostal Artery Reimplantation in Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surgery
Authors: Pillai Jain Bhaskara , Pellet Yonni , Panagopoulos Georgia , Sadek Mostafa A. , Abjigitova Djamila , Weiss David , Plestis Konstadinos A. 
Published: October 2013

Objective This study was undertaken to evaluate the use of somatosensory-evokedpotential (SSEP) monitoring on intercostal artery reimplantation (IAR) and spinal cord ischemia rates during thoracoabdominal ortic aneurysm repair. Methods Fifty-two patients had thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair with IAR under SSEP guidance and 79 patients had repair with routine IAR without SSEP guidance from 1999 to 2010. Results No differences were observed between the two groups in age (63.1 ± 11.6 vs 64.8 ± 9.8 years), sex (57.7% vs 50.6% men), chronic dissections (40.4% vs 44.3%), renal insufficiency (11.5% vs 10.1%), and Crawford type 1 and 2 aneurysms (53.9% vs 53.9%). There was one case (1.9%) of immediate paraplegia and one case (1.9%) of delayed paraplegia in the SSEP group versus 2 cases (2.5%) of immediate paraplegia in the non-SSEP group ( P = 0.92). In the SSEP group, 38 patients (73.1%) had SSEP changes, but only 15 (28.8%) required reimplantation. There were fewer IARs in the SSEP group compared with the non-SSEP group (28.8% vs. 59.5%, P = 0.004). No difference was observed in 30-day mortality between the SSEP and the non-SSEP group (3.9% vs. 7.6%, P = 0.48). Conclusions The use of SSEP monitoring led to a significant decrease in the need for IAR without increasing the paraplegia rate.
Cotton-Derived Oxidized Cellulose in Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery
Authors: Witte Biruta , Kroeber Stefan M. , Hillebrand Hubertus , Wolf Michael , Huertgen Martin 
Published: October 2013

Objective The aim of this study was to identify resorption, clinical performance, and safety of cotton-derived oxidized cellulose gauze applied as a hemostat in minimally invasive oncologic thoracic surgery. Methods This is a pilot prospective noncomparative observational human in vivo study. A piece of cotton-derived oxidized cellulose gauze measuring 5 × 20 cm was inserted into the subcarinal space of patients with potentially resectable lung carcinoma at the time of video-assisted mediastinoscopic lymphadenectomy and reexamined several days later for macroscopic and histologic evaluation at the time of subsequent lung resection. The primary endpoint was the local situation at the implantation site described by cellulose remnants, fluid collections, and adhesions. The secondary endpoint was safety, described by the number of adverse events and surgical reinterventions. Results Twenty-five consecutive eligible patients with potentially resectable lung carcinoma were included. The desired hemostatic effect was achieved in all cases. No adverse events were observed. At re-exploration 10.5 (5–28) days later, the cellulose gauze was found to lose its solid structure from the fifth day on. Remnants were last detected 14 days after insertion. The implantation site exhibited no inflammatory changes and a remarkable small amount of fluid collections and adhesions. Conclusions Mediastinal application of cotton-derived oxidized cellulose is safe and effective. A piece of gauze measuring 5 × 20 cm seems to be absorbed completely within 15 days, thus precluding any interference with oncologic restaging and follow-up. The absence of relevant adhesions facilitates further surgical procedures. Larger comparative confirmatory studies are required. For large-scale resorption studies, our clinical model should be translated into a porcine model.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Iron Deficiency in Healthy Young Children in the Southwestern Netherlands
Authors: Uijterschout Lieke , Vloemans Janneke , Vos Rimke , Teunisse Peter‐Paul , Hudig Cisca , Bubbers Sally , Verbruggen Sascha , Veldhorst Margriet , de Leeuw Tom , van Goudoever Johannes B. , Brus Frank 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjectives:Iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), during the first years of life, are associated with delayed motor and neurological development. Many studies evaluated iron status without an assessment of an acute‐phase protein to identify infection. Because most indicators of iron status are influenced by infection, these data may underestimate the ID prevalence. A food consumption survey in the Netherlands showed that the mean iron intake of children ages 2 to 3 years was below the advised adequate intake of 7 mg/day. The aim of the study was to investigate iron status in a well‐defined, healthy population of young children in the southwestern region of the Netherlands and to identify risk factors for ID.Methods:We conducted a multicenter, observational study in healthy children ages 0.5 to 3 years. We defined ID as ferritin <12 μg/L and IDA when, in addition, hemoglobin was <110 g/L. Children with elevated C‐reactive protein levels (>5 mg/L) or underlying causes for anemia were excluded. Parents filled in a questionnaire to identify risk factors for ID.Results:We included 400 children in the study. ID and IDA were detected in 18.8% and 8.5% of the children, respectively. The present use of formula and the visit of preschool/day care were associated with a lower prevalence of ID, and a high intake of cow's milk was associated with a higher prevalence of ID, after adjustment for age.Conclusions:ID is present in 18.8% of healthy children ages 0.5 to 3 years and living in the southwestern region of the Netherlands. The present visit of preschool/day care and the use of formula are associated with a reduced risk of ID, whereas a high intake of cow's milk is associated with an increased risk of ID.
Effects of wind energy development on survival of female greater prairie‐chickens
Authors: Winder Virginia L. , McNew Lance B. , Gregory Andrew J. , Hunt Lyla M. , Wisely Samantha M. , Sandercock Brett K. 
Published: October 2013

Summary

The potential effects of wind energy development on wildlife have received increased attention over the past decade. In Kansas, optimal sites for wind energy development often overlap with preferred habitats of greater prairie‐chickens Tympanuchus cupido. Our goal was to determine whether wind energy development affected survival of female prairie‐chickens in a grassland ecosystem, assessing one potential impact of wind on an upland gamebird of conservation concern. We focused primarily on the response of female prairie‐chickens to wind energy development because population dynamics of prairie‐chickens are primarily determined by female demography.

We monitored prairie‐chickens at a wind facility in Kansas during a 2‐year pre‐construction (2007–2008) and a 3‐year post‐construction period (2009–2011). We used data from 220 radio‐marked females to calculate weekly survival and hazard rates. We used cause of death for 81 mortality events to test for changes in the proportion of mortalities attributed to mammalian predators, avian predators and collisions.

We observed an unexpected increase in annual survival during the post‐construction period (0·57) compared with the pre‐construction period (0·32). Distance from home range centroid to the nearest wind turbine site had no effect on weekly survival of females. Collision mortality events were rare, and most were associated with fences or transmission lines and not turbine blades.

Most female mortality was due to predation (c. 90%). Differences in annual survival were driven by a higher risk of mortality during lekking activity in March and April during the pre‐construction period (weekly hazard rate = 0·050–0·062) compared with the post‐construction period (hazard rate = 0·012–0·021). We observed no change in the proportion of mortalities attributed to different causes between the two treatment periods.

Synthesis and applications. Development of a wind energy facility had no negative effect on survival of female prairie‐chickens. The results of our field study indicate that greater prairie‐chickens are less sensitive to wind energy development than lesser prairie‐chickens Tympanuchus pallidicinctus and greater sage‐grouse Centrocercus urophasianus are to oil and gas development. We have strong evidence that survival increased after wind energy development, and hypothesize that energy development affected the local predator community, resulting in an indirect effect of decreased predation risk during the post‐construction period.
Predicting Cancer Mortality: Developing a New Cancer Care Variable Using Mixed Methods and the Quasi‐Statistical Approach
Authors: Zickmund Susan L. , Yang Suzanne , Mulvey Edward P. , Bost James E. , Shinkunas Laura A. , LaBrecque Douglas R. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo demonstrate the value of using a variable derived from qualitative analysis in subsequent quantitative analyses.Data Sources/Study SettingMixed methods data were combined with 10‐year mortality outcomes. Participants with cancer were recruited from services at a large teaching hospital, and mortality data were from the Social Security Death Index.Study DesignAn observational concurrent or convergent mixed methods design was used to collect demographics and structured ratings along with qualitative data from 909 cancer patients at baseline.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsCoding rules for qualitative data were defined for open‐ended responses from cancer participants speaking about their view of self, and a variable was numerically coded for each case. Mortality outcomes were matched to baseline data, including the view of self variable.Principal FindingsIndividuals with an improved view of self had a significantly lower mortality rate than those for whom it was worse or unchanged, even when adjusting for age, gender, and cancer stage.ConclusionsStatistical analysis of qualitative data is feasible and can identify new predictors with health services' implications associated with cancer mortality. Future studies should consider the value of testing coded qualitative variables in relation with key health care outcomes.
Conservation priority of global Galliformes species based on phylogenetic diversity
Authors: CHEN Youhua 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this study, based on phylogenetic diversity (PD), I develop a conservation strategy for Galliformes species around the world. A cladogram of 197 Galliformes species derived from a previous study was used for calculating PD metrics. Branch length is an important aspect of the phylogenetic information a tree can convey, but 2 traditionally‐used metrics, the number of phylogenetic groups to which a taxon belongs (I) and the proportion that each taxon contributes to the total diversity of the group (W), are fully node‐based and do not take branch length into account. Therefore, to measure PD more appropriately, I combined a branch‐related metric, pendant edge (P), in addition to I and W. A final combined rank for Galliformes species was obtained by summing the ranks of the 3 metrics. My results showed that the 5% top priority species for conserving evolutionary potential were Galloperdix lunulata, Haematortyx sanguiniceps, Margaroperdix madagarensis, Syrmaticus soemmerringii, Coturnix pectoralis, Polyplectron napoleonis, Alectoris melanocephala, Xenoperdix udzungwensis, Afropavo congensis and Syrmaticus reevesii. The current species priority ranking based on pylogenetic diversity and the official International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ranking of Galliformes species was significantly correlated when considering the 5 categories of IUCN (critical endangered, endangered, vulnerable, near threatened and least concern). This indicated the feasibility of introducing the PD index into the network of IUCN regional Red List assessment. The 5% top priority countries selected using the complementarity principle possessing diversified Galliformes genetic resources were China, Indonesia, Mexico, India, Colombia, Australia, Brazil, Angola, Congo and Japan (in descending order). China, Indonesia, Mexico, Brazil, India and Colombia are consistently selected among the 4 top priority sets of richness, rarity, endemicity and PD. This result indicated that the priority result from PD is highly congruent with conventional measures. Along with other conventional ecological attributes, the alternative conservation scenario based on PD is reasonable and can be adopted in systematic conservation planning.
Investigation of Risks for Cerebral Embolism Associated With the Hemodynamics of Cardiopulmonary Bypass Cannula: A Numerical Model
Authors: Avrahami Idit , Dilmoney Benny , Azuri Aliza , Brand Moshe , Cohen Oved , Shani Liran , Nir Rony‐Reuven , Bolotin Gil 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCerebral emboli originating in the ascending aorta are a major cause of noncardiac complications following cardiac surgery. The hemodynamics of the aortic cannula has been proven to play a significant role in emboli generation and distribution. The aim of the current study was to perform a thorough numerical investigation in order to examine the effect of the design and orientation of the cannula used during cardiopulmonary bypass on the risk to develop cerebral embolism. Hemodynamic analyses compared numerical models of 27 cases consisting of six different cannula orientations, four aortic anatomies, and three cannula designs. The cannula designs included a straight‐tip (ST) cannula, a moderately curved tip cannula (TIP1), and a sharp‐angle curved cannula (TIP2). Outcome measures included hemodynamic parameters such as emanating jet velocity, jet velocity drop, maximal shear stress, aortic wall reaction, emboli pathlines and distribution between upper and lower vessels, and stagnation regions. Based on these parameters, the risks for hemolysis, atheroembolism, and cerebral embolism were evaluated and compared. On one hand, the jet emerging from the ST cannula generated large wall‐shear stress at the aortic wall; this may have triggered the erosion and distribution of embolic atheromatous debris from the aortic arch. On the other hand, it diverted more emboli from the clamp region to the descending aorta and thus reduced the risk for cerebral embolism. The TIP1 cannula demonstrated less shear stress on the aortic wall and diverted more emboli from the clamp region toward the upper vessels. The TIP2 cannula exhibited a stronger emanating jet, higher shear stress inside the cannula, and highly disturbed flow, which was more stagnant near the clamp region. Current findings support the significant impact of the cannula design and orientation on emboli generation and distribution. Specifically, the straight tip cannula demonstrated a reduced risk of cerebral embolism, which may be pivotal in the clinical setting.
Traps and hyper inflammation – new ways that neutrophils promote or hinder survival
Authors: Gunzer Matthias 
Published: October 2013

SummaryFor a long time neutrophil granulocytes were considered simply as terminally differentiated cells with a limited life span and pathogen killing by phagocytosis and chemical toxicity being the sole mode of action. However, work during the last 10 years has started to change this view fundamentally. Modern understanding is that neutrophils have an enormous complexity of functions. This review discusses very recent findings on how neutrophils can control the spread of pathogens and mediate their killing by mechanisms such as formation of DNA nets, how they influence tumour growth and adaptive immune responses and how they manoeuvre inside the diverse compartments of the body. It will also describe how the normally protective functions of neutrophils can have deleterious consequences if they occur in an uncontrolled fashion. These exciting novel findings are likely to completely and permanently change our view of this central leucocyte population.
Technique for office‐based, ultrasonography‐guided percutaneous biopsy of renal cortical neoplasms using a novel transducer for facilitated ultrasound targeting
Authors: Menhadji Ashleigh D. , Nguyen Vien , Okhunov Zhamshid , Bucur Philip , Chu Wing Hong , Cho Jane , Billingsley Jamie , Morrison Debra , Kelly Christopher R. , Landman Jaime 
Published: October 2013

Objectives

To help clarify which small renal cortical neoplasms (RCNs) require surgery by using office‐based, ultrasonography‐guided percutaneous renal biopsy.

Patients and Methods

Biopsies were performed using facilitated ultrasound targeting (FUT) technology, which incorporates a needle guide and onscreen beam‐steered technology to permit highly precise needle deployment.

Patient and tumour characteristics, procedure time, complications and biopsy efficacy were documented.

Wong–Baker pain levels were obtained before, during and 1 h after the procedure.

Results

Seven patients underwent biopsy, six for RCNs and one for medical renal disease.
The mean (range) patient age was 68.5 (54–79) years, and the mean (range) tumour diameter was 2.55 (2.0–2.9) cm.
Mean pain levels before, during and 1 h after the procedure were 0, 1.6 and 0.5, respectively.
There were no intra‐ or post‐procedural complications.
Biopsy results were diagnostic in five of the six RCN cases and in the single case of medical renal disease.

Conclusions

Our preliminary experience shows that office‐based percutaneous renal biopsy using a novel transducer for FUT is safe and effective.

An international multicentre study is planned to confirm these preliminary results.
Prevalence of the HOXB13 G84E prostate cancer risk allele in men treated with radical prostatectomy
Authors: Beebe‐Dimmer Jennifer L. , Isaacs William B. , Zuhlke Kimberly A. , Yee Cecilia , Walsh Patrick C. , Isaacs Sarah D. , Johnson Anna M. , Ewing Charles E. , Humphreys Elizabeth B. , Chowdhury Wasim H. , Montie James E. , Cooney Kathleen A. 
Published: October 2013

Objective
To determine the prevalence and clinical correlates of the G84E mutation in the homeobox transcription factor, or HOXB13, gene using DNA samples from 9559 men with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy.
Patients and Methods
DNA samples from men treated with radical prostatectomy at the University of Michigan and John Hopkins University were genotyped for G84E and this was confirmed by Sanger sequencing.
The frequency and distribution of this allele was determined according to specific patient characteristics (family history, age at diagnosis, pathological Gleason grade and stage).
Results
Of 9559 patients, 128 (1.3%) were heterozygous carriers of G84E.
Patients who possessed the variant were more likely to have a family history of prostate cancer than those who did not (46.0 vs 35.4%; P = 0.006). G84E carriers were also more likely to be diagnosed at a younger age than non‐carriers (55.2 years vs 58.1 years; P < 0.001).
No difference in the proportion of patients diagnosed with high grade or advanced stage tumours according to carrier status was observed.
Conclusions
In the present study, carriers of the rare G84E variant in HOXB13 were both younger at the time of diagnosis and more likely to have a family history of prostate cancer compared with homozygotes for the wild‐type allele.
No significant differences in allele frequency were detected according to selected clinical characteristics of prostate cancer.
Further investigation is required to evaluate the role of HOXB13 in prostate carcinogenesis.
Next‐generation sequencing for mitochondrial disorders
Authors: Carroll C J , Brilhante V , Suomalainen A 
Published: October 2013

A great deal of our understanding of mitochondrial function has come from studies of inherited mitochondrial diseases, but still majority of the patients lack molecular diagnosis. Furthermore, effective treatments for mitochondrial disorders do not exist. Development of therapies has been complicated by the fact that the diseases are extremely heterogeneous, and collecting large enough cohorts of similarly affected individuals to assess new therapies properly has been difficult. Next‐generation sequencing technologies have in the last few years been shown to be an effective method for the genetic diagnosis of inherited mitochondrial diseases. Here we review the strategies and findings from studies applying next‐generation sequencing methods for the genetic diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders. Detailed knowledge of molecular causes also enables collection of homogenous cohorts of patients for therapy trials, and therefore boosts development of intervention.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Energy, Injury & Beyond. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐8