bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing institutional differences for international outsourcing success
Authors: Sharma Revti Raman , Lindsay Val , Everton Nikki 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– Most of the research on international outsourcing of value chain activities focuses on larger firms. The purpose of this paper is to fill an important research gap by exploring how small firms manage institutional differences to enhance their international outsourcing success.Design/methodology/approach– The paper uses data from interviews conducted with two managers of a small New Zealand apparel manufacturing firm who have over 35 years of combined experience with international outsourcing. The firm had both failed and successful experiences in its international outsourcing ventures. Findings are discussed in the context of the extant literature on international outsourcing.Findings– Small firms overcome institutional constraints they face in offshore locations by leveraging from their entrepreneurial skills, learning from failures and using a relational governance mode. This results in achieving performance targets and sustaining long-term relationships with suppliers, defined as international outsourcing success in this study.Research limitations/implications– The findings may not be generalised as they are based on a single case and cover only the client perspective. The study contributes to the offshoring literature from the perspective of smaller firms and calls for quantitative investigations to generalise the findings.Practical implications– The key implications include that small firms need to develop quality relationships and leverage from their unique entrepreneurial capabilities to enhance their success while outsourcing to relatively different institutional environments. Moreover, even a failed experience might help generate subsequent multiple successful ventures, if lessons are learned and behaviour adapted accordingly. Operating in emerging economies is much more challenging than managers from developed markets usually expect – thus the need for them to understand and prepare well before undertaking operations in these markets.Originality/value– With the rise of international outsourcing of value chain activities, the findings are useful to small firms aiming to achieve success in their outsourcing ventures in offshore locations. This study is one of only a few studies investigating small firms’ international outsourcing that examines both failure and success in an institutionally diverse context.
Risk factors for injury in law enforcement officer vehicle crashes
Authors: LaTourrette Tom 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– Vehicle crashes and being struck by vehicles are the leading causes of death among police. The purpose of this paper is to identify risk factors for injury in police officer vehicle crashes in order to help determine the most effective approaches to improve officer vehicle safety.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study entailed a cross-sectional survey of officer drivers involved in vehicle crashes from 16 local, county, and state law enforcement agencies across the USA over one year. The relative risk of injury for officers in crashes with a given characteristic relative comparison crashes without that characteristic was computed to determine which characteristics are more likely to be associated with injuries.

Findings
– The survey yielded 854 crashes, 90 of which involved injuries to the officer driver. Crash characteristics associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of injury include multiple vehicle collisions, collision direction, officer vehicle type, officer vehicle being stopped, driving under emergency conditions, conducting traffic control or assisting motorists, not wearing a seat belt, and others. Most findings hold for all crashes and when minor crashes are excluded from the analysis.

Originality/value
– This study presents the first quantitative estimates of the risk factors for injury to law enforcement officers in vehicle crashes. Our findings indicate that seat belt use remains a critical safety intervention; driving under emergency conditions is high risk, though the reasons for this are unclear; better practices are needed to protect officers in stationary vehicles; agencies should carefully weigh the benefit of motorcycles against the vastly increased risk of injury they present; and that mobile data terminals are both a major distraction hazard and important source of injuries in crashes.
Salmonella Typhimurium strain expressing OprF‐OprI protects mice against fatal infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Zhang Mingliang , Sun Changjiang , Gu Jingmin , Yan Xinwu , Wang Bin , Cui Ziyin , Sun Xiaoyu , Tong Chunyu , Feng Xin , Lei Liancheng , Han Wenyu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa poses a major threat to human health and to the mink industry. Thus, development of vaccines that elicit robust humoral and cellular immunity against P. aeruginosa is greatly needed. In this study, a recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine (RASV) that expresses the outer membrane proteins fusion OprF190–342‐OprI21–83 (F1I2) from P. aeruginosa was constructed and the potency of this vaccine candidate assessed by measuring F1I2‐specific humoral immune responses upon vaccination through s.c. or oral routes. S.C. administration achieved higher serum IgG titers and IgA titers in the intestine and induced stronger F1I2‐specific IgG and IgA titers in lung homogenate than did oral administration, which resulted in low IgG titers and no local IgA production. High titers of IFN‐γ, IL‐4, and T‐lymphocyte subsets induced a mixed Th1/Th2 response in mice immunized s.c., indicating elicitation of cellular immunity. Importantly, when immunized mice were challenged with P. aeruginosa by the intranasal route 30 days after the initial immunization, s.c. vaccination achieved 77.78% protection, in contrast to 41.18% via oral administration and 66.67% via Escherichia coli‐expressed F1I2 (His‐F1I2) vaccination. These results indicate that s.c. vaccination provides a better protective response against P. aeruginosa infection than do oral administration and the His‐F1I2 vaccine.
Metformin improves performance in high‐intensity exercise, but not anaerobic capacity in healthy male subjects
Authors: Learsi SK , Bastos‐Silva VJ , Lima‐Silva AE , Bertuzzi R , De Araujo GG 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the ergogenic effects of metformin in high‐intensity exercise, as well as its effects on anaerobic capacity, in healthy and physically active men. Ten subjects (mean (± standard deviation) maximal oxygen uptake (2max) 38.6 ± 4.5 mL/kg per min) performed the following tests in a cycle ergometer: (i) an incremental test; (ii) six submaximal constant workload tests at 40%–90% (2max); and (iii) two supramaximal tests (110% (2max). Metformin (500 mg) or placebo was ingested 60 min before the supramaximal test. There were no significant differences between the placebo and metformin groups in terms of maximum accumulated oxygen deficit (2.8 ± 0.6 vs 3.0 ± 0.8 L, respectively; P = 0.08), lactate concentrations (7.8 ± 2.6 vs 7.5 ± 3.0 mmol/L, respectively; P = 0.75) or O2 consumed in either the last 30 s of exercise (40.4 ± 4.4 vs 39.9 ± 4.0 mL/kg per min, respectively; P = 0.35) or the first 110 s of exercise (29.0 ± 2.5 vs 29.5 ± 3.0 mL/kg per min, respectively; P = 0.42). Time to exhaustion was significantly higher after metformin than placebo ingestion (191 ± 33 vs 167 ± 32 s, respectively; P = 0.001). The fast component of recovery was higher in the metformin than placebo group (12.71 vs 12.18 mL/kg per min, respectively; P = 0.025). Metformin improved performance and anaerobic alactic contribution during high‐intensity exercise, but had no effect on overall anaerobic capacity in healthy subjects.
Circulation stabilizing therapy and pulmonary high‐resolution computed tomography in a porcine brain‐dead model
Authors: Bozovic G. , Steen S. , Sjöberg T. , Schaefer‐Prokop C. , Verschakelen J. , Liao Q. , Höglund P. , Siemund R. , Björkman‐Burtscher I. M. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundCurrently 80% of donor lungs are not accepted for transplantation, often due to fluid overload. Our aim was to investigate if forced fluid infusion may be replaced by a new pharmacological therapy to stabilize circulation after brain death in an animal model, and to assess therapy effects on lung function and morphology trough blood gas parameters and state‐of‐the‐art High‐resolution CT (HRCT).MethodsBrain death was caused by surgical decapitation. To maintain mean aortic pressure > 60 mmHg, pigs were treated with forced electrolyte solution infusion (GI; n = 6) or the pharmacological therapy (GII; n = 11). GIII (n = 11) were non‐decapitated controls. Lung function was investigated with blood gases and lung morphology with HRCT.ResultsGI pigs became circulatory instable 4–6 h after brain death in spite of forced fluid infusion, five pigs showed moderate to severe pulmonary edema on HRCT and median final PaO2/FiO2 was 29 kPa (Q1; Q3; range 26; 40; 17–76). GII and GIII were circulatory stable (mean aortic pressure > 80 mmHg) and median final PaO2/FiO2 after 24 h was 72 kPa (Q1; Q3; range 64; 76; 53–91) (GII) and 66 kPa (55; 78; 43–90) (GIII). On HRCT, only two pigs in GII had mild pulmonary edema and none in GIII. More than 50% of HRCT exams revealed unexpected lung disease even in spite of PaO2/FiO2 > 40 kPa.ConclusionPharmacological therapy but not forced fluid infusion prevented circulatory collapse and extensive HRCT verified pulmonary edema after acute brain death. HRCT was useful to evaluate lung morphology and revealed substantial occult parenchymal changes justifying efforts toward a more intense use of HRCT in the pre‐transplant evaluation.
Genetic Variation and Insulin Resistance in Middle‐Aged Chinese Men
Authors: Villegas Raquel , Delahanty Ryan , Williams Scott , Li Honglan , O'Brian Richard , Shi Jiajun , Cai Qiuyin , Xiang Yong‐Bing , Shu Xiao Ou 
Published: August 2015

SummaryWe investigated the effect of variants in the first three genes in the insulin signaling pathway and genes identified from genome wide association studies (GWAS) of T2D quantitative traits with IR (fasting insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of IR, HOMA‐IR) and evaluated gene–environment interactions with IR traits among 1879 nondiabetic middle‐aged men from a population‐based study conducted in Shanghai, China.One candidate gene, IGF1, was associated with fasting insulin and HOMA‐IR. We observed four BMI–gene interactions (P < 0.05) with HOMA‐IR (INRS rs7254060, INRS rs7254358, GLU4 rs2113050, and GLU4 rs7713127) and seven BMI–gene interactions with fasting insulin (INRS rs7254060, INRS rs7254358, INRS rs10417205, INRS rs1799817, GLU4 rs12054720 GLU4 rs2113050, and GLU4 rs7713127). There were four WHR–gene interactions with HOMA‐IR (INRS rs10417205, INRS rs12971499, INRS rs7254060, and INRS rs7254358), five WHR–gene interactions with fasting insulin (INRS rs10417205, INRS rs7254060, INRS rs7254358, GLU4 rs2113050, and GLU4 rs7713127), eight physical activity–gene interactions with HOMA‐IR (INRS rs10411676, INRS rs11671297, INRS rs2229431, INRS rs12461909, INRS rs6510950, INRS rs10420382, IRS2 rs913949, and IRS2 rs2241745) and five physical activity–gene interactions with fasting insulin (INRS rs2229431, INRS rs12461909, INRS rs10420382, IRS2 rs913949, and IRS2 rs2241745).Our results suggest that BMI, WHR and physical activity may modify IR‐associated variants.
Correlates of smoking status among women experiencing intimate partner violence: Substance use, posttraumatic stress, and coping
Authors: Sullivan Tami P. , Flanagan Julianne C. , Dudley Desreen N. , Holt Laura J. , Mazure Carolyn M. , McKee Sherry A. 
Published: August 2015

Background and ObjectivesSmoking prevalence among women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) is two to three times higher than the prevalence among women nationally. Yet, research on cigarette smoking among this population of women is scarce.MethodsThis study examined differences between daily smokers and non‐smokers among a sample of 186 IPV‐victimized women. Comparing these groups may identify key factors that could inform future research, and ultimately, smoking cessation interventions to improve women's health.ResultsResults showed that smokers and non‐smokers differed in terms of alcohol and drug use problem severity, posttraumatic stress symptom severity, psychological and physical IPV victimization severity, and severity of use of psychological and physical IPV. Smokers fared worse on all domains where differences emerged. Findings of a logistic regression demonstrated that alcohol problem severity was related to daily smoking status; post hoc analysis revealed that the effect of alcohol problem severity was moderated by the level of Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) avoidance symptom severity.Discussion and ConclusionsFindings suggest a sub‐population of women experiencing IPV who smoke and incur additional risk for psychiatric symptom severity and maladaptive behaviors. This study suggests the need to examine factors such as IPV and its negative sequelae to inform smoking cessation research for women.Scientific SignificanceThis study contributes to the scarce literature examining the intersections of PTSD, alcohol and drug use, and smoking. Examining these factors in the context of IPV, which is a highly prevalent problem, is critical to informing future treatment development investigations. (Am J Addict 2015;24:546–553)
Modulation of Cytokine Production by the Dydrogesterone Metabolite Dihydrodydrogesterone
Authors: Raghupathy Raj , Al‐Azemi Majedah 
Published: August 2015

ProblemPrevious studies have shown that dydrogesterone, the orally administered progestogen, upregulates the production of Th2 cytokines and downregulates Th1 cytokine production. This study was designed to ascertain whether dihydrodydrogesterone (DHD), the major metabolite of dydrogesterone, is similarly capable of modulating cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from women with a history of unexplained recurrent miscarriage.Method of StudyMitogen‐stimulated PBMC from women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage were exposed to progesterone or dydrogesterone or DHD, and the levels of pro‐inflammatory (IFN‐γ, TNF‐α) and anti‐inflammatory (IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐13) cytokines were estimated by ELISA. To ascertain whether DHD mediates its effects via the progesterone receptor, RU486, a progesterone agonist, was added to cultures along with mitogen and DHD.ResultsThe metabolite DHD, like its parent molecule dydrogesterone, suppresses the production of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IFN‐ γ and TNF‐α and upregulates the production of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐4. The progesterone antagonist RU486 reverses the effect of DHD, suggesting that this molecule mediates its cytokine‐modulating effect via the progesterone receptor.ConclusionDihydrodydrogesterone retains the immunomodulatory effects of the progestogen dydrogesterone by bringing about a shift in cytokine production profiles that might be conducive to the success of pregnancy.
“Death comes knocking on the roof”: Thanatopolitics of Ethical Killing During Operation Protective Edge in Gaza
Authors: Joronen Mikko 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOne of the controversies of Operation Protective Edge, which Israel launched in Gaza in July 2014, is the undepreciated gap between the high number of civilian casualties and the claim of an ethically sound military operation with an extraordinary effort put on minimizing collateral damage. This paper examines one of the cornerstones of the Israel Defence Forces' ethically polished military violence during the operation: the use of preventive warning techniques. By focusing on the technique of “roof knocking”, the paper argues that the ethical justification operates through the three thanatopolitical governmentalities: responsibilization of the subjects, reification of the targeted sites, and the calculative politics of doing “the minimum evil necessary”. The Gaza population are hence not considered as passive victims, merely subjected to the killing power of calculative thanatopolitics, but as an inversion of biopolitical subjects who, instead of improving their own individual capabilities, are made accountable for their own deaths.
Nutritional values and antioxidative activities of whole peanuts and peanut skins for ruminant feeds
Authors: Saito Chihiro , Asano Sanae , Kato Chizuko , Kobayashi Shintaro , Musha Ayaka , Kuribayashi Hirotaka , Moriguchi Shouhei , Seto Yuuki , Kawashima Tasuku , Kobayashi Masakazu , Ishizaki Shigenobu , Kajikawa Hiroshi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the nutritive values of two peanut by‐products, nonstandardized whole peanuts and peanut skins, along with their effects on microbial growth and fermentation in the rumen, their roughage values, and their antioxidative activities by a digestion trial using four goats. The experimental rations were alfalfa haycube (basal ration), 85% alfalfa with 15% whole peanuts, and 70% alfalfa with 15% whole peanuts and 15% peanut skins. The ether extracts and crude protein in whole peanuts were 47% and 27% on a dry matter basis (DM) both with over 90% of digestibilities, resulting in total digestive nutrients (TDN) of 140%. Peanut skins also had a high energy value with 91% of TDN. Ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and acetic acid decreased in the rations containing the peanut by‐products, but the NDF digestibility and ruminal microbial protein estimated from urinary purines was not altered by feeding the peanut by‐products. Plasma oxidative stress maker, malondialdehyde, tended to be lower when peanut skins were supplemented. Whole peanuts and peanut skins could be used as high‐energy and high‐protein diets for ruminants, and peanut skins would be expected as a feed having antioxidant functions.
The expression of microvesicles in the blood of patients withGraves' disease and its relationship to treatment
Authors: Mobarrez Fariborz , Abraham‐Nordling Mirna , Aguilera‐Gatica Katherina , Friberg Inger , Antovic Aleksandra , Pisetsky David S. , Jörneskog Gun , Wallen Håkan 
Published: August 2015

SummaryObjectiveGraves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies against thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor. Despite extensive research, the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Immune responses associated with the disease may lead to cell activation/apoptosis and the release of microvesicles (MVs) into the circulation.MVs can display biological activities which may aggravateGDfurther. We studied immune mechanisms inGDby investigating the numbers and phenotype of circulatingMVs in patients before and after antithyroid therapy with thiamazole.Patients and measurementsSamples were obtained from 15 patients withGDin the acute phase of hyperthyroidism and following 17–26 months treatment and 14 healthy controls.MVs from platelets, endothelial cells and monocytes exposing inflammation/activation markers (P‐selectin,CD40 ligand, E‐selectin andHMGB1) andMVs containing nuclear molecules were measured with flow cytometry.ResultsPatients had elevated baseline values ofMVs (P< 0·001 for all types ofMVs), while the levels decreased during thiamazole treatment (P< 0·05 for all types ofMVs). The majority ofMVpopulations remained, however, significantly higher in patients after treatment compared to levels in controls.ConclusionsGDpatients have elevated levels ofMVs that carry molecules with potential biological activities.MVs are significantly reduced after antithyroid treatment with thiamazole but still higher compared to levels in healthy controls. Assessment ofMVlevels and pattern may therefore provide additional information on underlying immune disturbances not obtained by measurements of hormone levels alone.
Symptoms of gonadal dysfunction are more predictive of hypopituitarism than nonspecific symptoms in screening for pituitary dysfunction following moderate or severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Cuesta Martín , Hannon Mark J. , Crowley Rachel K. , Behan Lucy Ann , Tormey William , Rawluk Daniel , Delargy Mark , Agha Amar , Thompson Christopher J. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryObjectiveThe economic and logistic burden of screening for hypopituitarism following moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considerable. A key recommendation in published guidelines is to prioritize for screening those patients with symptoms suggestive of pituitary dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of targeted screening for hypopituitarism in long‐term survivors after moderate/severe TBI using referrals on the basis of symptoms.DesignIn group 1 (G1), consecutive, unselected patients were screened from the Irish National Neurosurgery Centre, whereas in group 2 (G2) patients were targeted based on the presence of symptoms suggestive of pituitary dysfunction.PatientsA total of 137 patients (113 male) were systematically screened (G1) and compared to 112 patients (77 male) referred for pituitary evaluation on the basis of suggestive symptoms (G2).Main outcome measuresThe rate of GH, ACTH, gonadotrophin (GT), TSH and ADH deficiency was compared among groups.ResultsPatients referred with menstrual dysfunction had more GH (50% vs 11%, P = 0·001), ACTH (60% vs 14%, P < 0·0001), GT (90% vs 16%, P < 0·0001) deficiency and any pituitary hormone deficit (80% vs 33%, P = 0·003) than G1. Men with symptoms of hypogonadism had more GH (33% vs 11%, P = 0·003), GT (58% vs 16%, P < 0·0001) and TSH (16% vs 1%, P = 0·03) deficiency than G1. Patients with nonspecific symptoms were no more likely to have hypopituitarism than those consecutively screened.ConclusionsSymptoms of hypogonadism are sufficiently predictive of hypopituitarism to justify screening for hypopituitarism after moderate/severe TBI. Nonspecific symptoms of hypopituitarism are no more predictive than unselected screening.
Retracted: In vivo behavior of hydroxyapatite/β‐TCP/collagen scaffold in animal model. Histological, histomorphometrical, radiological, and SEM analysis at 15, 30, and 60 days
Authors: Maté Sánchez de Val Jose Eduardo , Calvo Guirado Josè Luis , Ramírez Fernández Maria Piedad , Delgado Ruiz Rafael Arcesio , Mazón Patricia , De Aza Piedad N. 
Published: August 2015

Retraction: Maté Sánchez de Val JE, Calvo Guirado JL, Ramírez Fernández MP, Delgado Ruiz RA, Mazón P, De Aza PN. In vivo behavior of hydroxyapatite/β‐TCP/collagen scaffold in animal model. Histological, histomorphometrical, radiological, and SEM analysis at 15, 30, and 60 days. Clin Oral Impl Res.The above article, published online on August 7, 2015, in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) has been retracted by agreement between the journal editor‐in‐chief, L Heitz‐Mayfield, and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to image discrepancies resulting in unreliable data. It has not been possible to prove the validity of the images. Images in Figure 4 have been used in other publications representing different time points and materials. Images within Figure 4 have been manipulated to represent different time points and materials.
Reference
Maté Sánchez de Val JE, Calvo Guirado JL, Ramírez Fernández MP, Delgado Ruiz RA, Mazón P, De Aza PN. In vivo behavior of hydroxyapatite/β‐TCP/collagen scaffold in animal model. Histological, histomorphometrical, radiological, and SEM analysis at 15, 30, and 60 days. Clin Oral Impl Res. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12656