bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite-Péclet-number effects on the scaling exponents of high-order passive scalar structure functions
Authors: Lepore J. , Mydlarski L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe effect of scalar-field (temperature) boundary conditions on the inertial-convective-range scaling exponents of the high-order passive scalar structure functions is studied in the turbulent, heated wake downstream of a circular cylinder. The temperature field is generated two ways: using (i) a heating element embedded within the cylinder that generates the hydrodynamic wake (thus creating a heated cylinder) and (ii) a mandoline (an array of fine, heated wires) installed downstream of the cylinder. The hydrodynamic field is independent of the scalar-field boundary conditions/injection methods, and the same in both flows. Using the two heat injection mechanisms outlined above, the inertial-convective-range scaling exponents of the high-order passive scalar structure functions were measured. It is observed that the different scalar-field boundary conditions yield significantly different scaling exponents (with the magnitude of the difference increasing with structure function order). Moreover, the exponents obtained from the mandoline experiment are smaller than the analogous exponents from the heated cylinder experiment (both of which exhibit a significant departure from the Kolmogorov prediction). Since the observed deviation from the Kolmogorov $n/ 3$ prediction arises due to the effects of internal intermittency, the typical interpretation of this result would be that the scalar field downstream of the mandoline is more internally intermittent than that generated by the heated cylinder. However, additional measures of internal intermittency (namely the inertial-convective-range scaling exponents of the mixed, sixth-order, velocity–temperature structure functions and the non-centred autocorrelations of the dissipation rate of scalar variance) suggest that both scalar fields possess similar levels of internal intermittency – a distinctly different conclusion. Examination of the normalized high-order moments reveals that the smaller scaling exponents (of the high-order passive scalar structure functions) obtained for the mandoline experiment arise due to the smaller thermal integral length scale of the flow (i.e. the narrower inertial-convective subrange) and are not solely the result of a more intermittent scalar field. The difference in the passive scalar structure function scaling exponents can therefore be interpreted as an artifact of the different, finite Péclet numbers of the flows under consideration – an effect that is notably less prominent in the other measures of internal intermittency.
Erythrocyte stearidonic acid and othern-3 fatty acids and CHD in the Physicians' Health Study
Authors: Matsumoto Chisa , Matthan Nirupa R. , Wilk Jemma B. , Lichtenstein Alice H. , Gaziano J. Michael , Djoussé Luc 
Published: October 2012

Intake of marine-basedn-3 fatty acids (EPA, docosapentaenoic acid and DHA) is recommended to prevent CHD. Stearidonic acid (SDA), a plant-basedn-3 fatty acid, is a precursor of EPA and may be more readily converted to EPA than α-linolenic acid (ALA). While transgenic soyabeans might supply SDA at low cost, it is unclear whether SDA is associated with CHD risk. Furthermore, associations of othern-3 fatty acids with CHD risk remain inconsistent. The present ancillary study examined the association of erythrocyte SDA as well as othern-3 fatty acids with the risk of CHD. In a prospective nested case–control study of the Physicians' Health Study, we randomly selected 1000 pairs of incident CHD with matching controls. Erythrocyte fatty acids were measured using GC. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate relative risks. Mean age was 68·7 (sd8·7) years. In a multivariable model controlling for matching factors and established CHD risk factors, OR for CHD for each standard deviation increase of log-SDA was 1·03 (95 % CI 0·90, 1·18). Corresponding values for log-ALA and log-marinen-3 fatty acids were 1·04 (95 % CI 0·94, 1·16) and 0·97 (95 % CI 0·88, 1·07), respectively. In conclusion, the present data did not show an association among erythrocyte SDA, ALA or marinen-3 fatty acids and the risk of CHD in male physicians.
DISENTANGLING THE SOURCES AND NATURE OF INDIGENOUS RIGHTS: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF COMMON LAW JURISPRUDENCE
Authors: Bulkan Arif 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe ‘indigenous renaissance’ of the last few decades continues to generate copious litigation around the Commonwealth. While courts frequently invoke common principles, it would be going too far to say that a unified jurisprudence exists. Moreover, modern jurisprudence in this area is arguably inconsistent and frequently discriminatory, which means that borrowing across jurisdictions should proceed cautiously, mindful of localized nuances and limitations. This article argues that any suggestion that the common law as it has evolved in any particular jurisdiction should be emulated as a model indigenous rights theory must be rigorously scrutinized, for indiscriminate application of doctrines could lead to discordant outcomes.
GlideScope-assisted nerve integrity monitoring tube placement for intra-operative recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring
Authors: Kanotra S P , Kuriloff D B , Lesser J , Rest-Flarer F 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjective:The proper positioning of the Nerve Integrity Monitoring® endotracheal tube during recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring is of paramount importance. This article describes our experience with the GlideScope® and explains how it can facilitate the accurate placement of the Nerve Integrity Monitoring endotracheal tube.Methods:Endotracheal intubation with the Nerve Integrity Monitoring endotracheal tube was performed in 250 patients undergoing thyroidectomies using the GlideScope video laryngoscope. The correct positioning of the tube was determined according to impedance values of less than 5 kohm and an impedance imbalance of less than 1 kohm.Results:Successful intubation was achieved in all cases. The GlideScope aided the correct placement of the Nerve Integrity Monitoring endotracheal tube in the majority of the cases.Conclusion:The GlideScope provides an excellent means to ensure the correct positioning of the Nerve Integrity Monitoring tube. It allows both the surgeon and the anaesthesiologist to participate in the intubation process and confirm correct placement of the tube, whilst also allowing gentle intubation with improved visibility.
Quantum statistical properties of free-electron laser with ion-channel guiding
Authors: MEHDIAN H. , ALIMOHAMADI M. , HASANBEIGI A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe operation of the quantum free-electron lasers (QFELs) with a helical wiggler and in the presence of ion-channel guiding is considered. The quantum Hamiltonian of single particle has been derived in the Bambini-Renieri (BR) frame. Time dependent wave function and three constants of motion are obtained. The Raman-Nath equation (RNE) and its approximation solution have been calculated, and then the resulted solution has been employed to obtain the quantum gain, photon statistics parameter and squeezing parameter. A quantum approach has been used to get quantum statistical properties of the FEL and the photon gain formula for the small signal gain limit. It is found that the ion-channel guiding decreases the squeezing. Also, the conditions for positive (bunching) and negative (antibunching) gain have been studied numerically.
Effectiveness of trivalent and monovalent influenza vaccines against laboratory-confirmed influenza infection in persons with medically attended influenza-like illness in Bavaria, Germany, 2010/2011 season
Authors: ENGLUND H. , CAMPE H. , HAUTMANN W. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYWe estimated the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of trivalent and monovalent influenza vaccines, respectively, against laboratory-confirmed influenza infections in patients with influenza-like illness who visited physicians participating in the Bayern Influenza Sentinel in Bavaria, Germany during 2010/2011. Swab specimens were analysed for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3) and B by PCR. VE was estimated using the test-negative case-control study design and logistic regression. In total, 1866 patients (790 cases, 1076 controls) were included. The VE of trivalent vaccines administered in season 2010/2011 against laboratory-confirmed infection with any influenza virus, adjusted for age group, sex, chronic illness and week of arrival of the specimen, was 67·8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 39·2–82·9)]. The adjusted VE of monovalent influenza vaccines administered in season 2009/2010 against laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in 2010/2011 was 38·6% (95% CI −70·0 to 77·8). This is the first VE study conducted in Bavaria. We concluded that the trivalent influenza vaccines were effective in our study population.
Text Messaging as a Strategy to Address the Limits of Audio-Based Communication During Mass-Gathering Events with High Ambient Noise
Authors: Lund Adam , Wong Daniel , Lewis Kerrie , Turris Sheila A. , Vaisler Sean , Gutman Samuel 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe provision of medical care in environments with high levels of ambient noise (HLAN), such as concerts or sporting events, presents unique communication challenges. Audio transmissions can be incomprehensible to the receivers. Text-based communications may be a valuable primary and/or secondary means of communication in this type of setting.ObjectivesTo evaluate the usability of text-based communications in parallel with standard two-way radio communications during mass-gathering (MG) events in the context of HLAN.MethodsThis Canadian study used outcome survey methods to evaluate the performance of communication devices during MG events. Ten standard commercially available handheld smart phones loaded with basic voice and data plans were assigned to health care providers (HCPs) for use as an adjunct to the medical team's typical radio-based communication. Common text messaging and chat platforms were trialed. Both efficacy and provider satisfaction were evaluated.ResultsDuring a 23-month period, the smart phones were deployed at 17 events with HLAN for a total of 40 event days or approximately 460 hours of active use. Survey responses from health care providers (177) and dispatchers (26) were analyzed. The response rate was unknown due to the method of recruitment. Of the 155 HCP responses to the question measuring difficulty of communication in environments with HLAN, 68.4% agreed that they “occasionally” or “frequently” found it difficult to clearly understand voice communications via two-way radio. Similarly, of the 23 dispatcher responses to the same item, 65.2% of the responses indicated that “occasionally” or “frequently” HLAN negatively affected the ability to communicate clearly with team members. Of the 168 HCP responses to the item assessing whether text-based communication improved the ability to understand and respond to calls when compared to radio alone, 86.3% “agreed” or “strongly agreed” that this was the case. The dispatcher responses (n = 21) to the same item also “agreed” or “strongly agreed” that this was the case 95.5% of the time.ConclusionThe use of smart phone technology for text-based communications is a practical and feasible tool for MG events and should be explored further. Multiple, reliable, discrete forms of communication technology are pivotal to executing effective on-site medical and disaster responses.LundA, WongD, LewisK, TurrisSA, VaislerS, GutmanS. Text messaging as a strategy to address the limits of audio-based communication during mass-gathering events with high ambient noise. Prehosp Disaster Med.2013;28(1):1-7.
The effect of charge mode transition on electrohydrodynamic flow in a multistage negative air corona discharge
Authors: Kim C , Hwang J 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
We study the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow induced by a multistage negative air corona discharge with two main subjects: unipolar-to-bipolar charge mode transition, mechanism of EHD flow. Charge mode transition is identified through the maximum-current-based numerical analysis of a six-stage cylindrical ionic wind generator, and confirmed by the experimental data. After formulating the degree of charge mode transition β, we discuss how β affects the electric-to-kinetic energy conversion efficiency and the thrust performance of the EHD flow. We suggest 35 Td of reduced electric field on the collector surface as the occurrence criterion of charge mode transition. As an essential feature of the multistage EHD flow, the highest negative pressure is created in the intake. Accordingly, air is drawn into the intake and subsequent flow climbs up a positive static pressure slope, and exhausted into the atmosphere with a high linearity. We explain the physical mechanism of this interesting flow pattern using the first-principle based analysis.
The effect of the driving frequencies on the electrical asymmetry of dual-frequency capacitively coupled plasmas
Authors: Korolov Ihor , Donkó Zoltán , Czarnetzki Uwe , Schulze Julian 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In capacitively coupled radio frequency discharges driven by two consecutive phase-locked harmonics, the electrical asymmetry effect (EAE) allows one to generate a dc self-bias as a function of the phase shift, θ, between the driving harmonics. If the two frequencies are chosen to be 13.56 and 27.12 MHz, the mean ion energy at both electrodes can be varied by a factor of about 2 by tuning θ at nearly constant ion flux. Until now the EAE has only been investigated in discharges operated at a fundamental frequency of f = 13.56 MHz. Here, we study the effect of changing this fundamental frequency on the performance of the EAE, i.e. on the electrical generation of a dc self-bias, the control range of the mean ion energy, and on the ion flux at both electrodes as a function of θ, by kinetic particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo simulations and theoretical modelling. We use argon gas and cover a wide range of fundamental frequencies (0.5 MHz ⩽ f ⩽ 60 MHz) and secondary electron yields. We find that the performance of the EAE is significantly worse at lower frequencies, i.e. the control range of the dc self-bias and, thus, the control range of the mean ion energy are strongly reduced. Based on the analytical model (i) the enhanced charged dynamics at lower frequencies and (ii) the transition of the electron heating mode induced by changing f are found to be the reasons for this effect.
Energy equation formulations for two-temperature modelling of ‘thermal’ plasmas
Authors: Freton P , Gonzalez J J , Ranarijaona Z , Mougenot J 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Based on an equilibrium fluid model, built from the commercial Fluent software previously validated for thermal plasma characterizations on several geometries, a non-equilibrium two-temperature model was developed. This kind of model needs the use of two energy equations: one for the electrons, and the other for heavy particles.
Nevertheless, depending on the authors, divergences exist in the expressions of equations. The main differences are related to the attribution of the ionization term and to the components of thermal conductivity in the energy equations.
The two-temperature model developed is applied in a transferred arc configuration where the medium is described using the different formulations for the energy equations.
The right formulation, based on the Boltzmann equation, is then applied in a transferred arc configuration for two values of current intensity of 100 and 600 A. We show that in order to obtain coherent and physical results in all the cases, special attention needs to be given: the ionization term, the reactive thermal conductivity and the radiation line contribution need to be considered in electron energy equations, whereas the reactive thermal conductivity due to dissociations and the continuum radiation contributions need to be associated with the heavy energy equations.
Intraoperative Non–Record-keeping Usage of Anesthesia Information Management System Workstations and Associated Hemodynamic Variability and Aberrancies
Authors: Wax David B. , Lin Hung-Mo , Reich David L. 
Published: October 2012

Background
Anesthesia information management system workstations in the anesthesia workspace that allow usage of non-record-keeping applications could lead to distraction from patient care. We evaluated whether non-record-keeping usage of the computer workstation was associated with hemodynamic variability and aberrancies.

Methods
Auditing data were collected on eight anesthesia information management system workstations and linked to their corresponding electronic anesthesia records to identify which application was active at any given time during the case. For each case, the periods spent using the anesthesia information management system record-keeping module were separated from those spent using non-record-keeping applications. The variability of heart rate and blood pressure were also calculated, as were the incidence of hypotension, hypertension, and tachycardia. Analysis was performed to identify whether non-record-keeping activity was a significant predictor of these hemodynamic outcomes.

Results
Data were analyzed for 1,061 cases performed by 171 clinicians. Median (interquartile range) non-record-keeping activity time was 14 (1, 38) min, representing 16 (3, 33)% of a median 80 (39, 143) min of procedure time. Variables associated with greater non-record-keeping activity included attending anesthesiologists working unassisted, longer case duration, lower American Society of Anesthesiologists status, and general anesthesia. Overall, there was no independent association between non-record-keeping workstation use and hemodynamic variability or aberrancies during anesthesia either between cases or within cases.

Conclusion
Anesthesia providers spent sizable portions of case time performing non-record-keeping applications on anesthesia information management system workstations. This use, however, was not independently associated with greater hemodynamic variability or aberrancies in patients during maintenance of general anesthesia for predominantly general surgical and gynecologic procedures.
Friend or foe: genetic and functional characterization of plant endophytic Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Kumar A. , Munder A. , Aravind R. , Eapen S. J. , Tümmler B. , Raaijmakers J. M. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryEndophytic Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BP35 was originally isolated from black pepper grown in the rain forest in Kerala, India. Strain PaBP35 was shown to provide significant protection to black pepper against infections by Phytophthora capsici and Radopholus similis. For registration and implementation in disease management programmes, several traits of PaBP35 were investigated including its endophytic behaviour, biocontrol activity, phylogeny and toxicity to mammals. The results showed that PaBP35 efficiently colonized black pepper shoots and displayed a typical spatiotemporal pattern in its endophytic movement with concomitant suppression of Phytophthora rot. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed high populations of PaBP35::gfp2 inside tomato plantlets, supporting its endophytic behaviour in other plant species. Polyphasic approaches to genotype PaBP35, including BOX‐PCR, recN sequence analysis, multilocus sequence typing and comparative genome hybridization analysis, revealed its uniqueness among P. aeruginosa strains representing clinical habitats. However, like other P. aeruginosa strains, PaBP35 exhibited resistance to antibiotics, grew at 25–41°C and produced rhamnolipids and phenazines. PaBP35 displayed strong type II secretion effectors‐mediated cytotoxicity on mammalian A549 cells. Coupled with pathogenicity in a murine airway infection model, we conclude that this plant endophytic strain is as virulent as clinical P. aeruginosa strains. Safety issues related to the selection of plant endophytic bacteria for crop protection are discussed.
Hopeahainol A attenuates memory deficits by targeting β‐amyloid in APP/PS1 transgenic mice
Authors: Zhu Xiaolei , Ye Lan , Ge Huiming , Chen Ling , Jiang Nan , Qian Lai , Li Lingling , Liu Rong , Ji Shen , Zhang Su , Jin Jiali , Guan Dening , Fang Wei , Tan Renxiang , Xu Yun 
Published: October 2012

SummaryIncreasing evidence demonstrates that amyloid beta (Aβ) elicits mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Identification of the molecules targeting Aβ is thus of particular significance in the treatment of AD. Hopeahainol A (HopA), a polyphenol with a novel skeleton obtained from Hopea hainanensis, is potentially acetylcholinesterase‐inhibitory and anti‐oxidative in H2O2‐treated PC12 cells. In this study, we reported that HopA might bind to Aβ1–42 directly and inhibit the Aβ1–42 aggregation using a combination of molecular dynamics simulation, binding assay, transmission electron microscopic analysis and staining technique. We also demonstrated that HopA decreased the interaction between Aβ1–42 and Aβ‐binding alcohol dehydrogenase, which in turn reduced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. In addition, HopA was able to rescue the long‐term potentiation induction by protecting synaptic function and attenuate memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Our data suggest that HopA might be a promising drug for therapeutic intervention in AD.
Increased dosage of Ink4/Arf protects against glucose intolerance and insulin resistance associated with aging
Authors: González‐Navarro Herminia , Vinué Ángela , Sanz María Jesús , Delgado Mercedes , Pozo Miguel Angel , Serrano Manuel , Burks Deborah J. , Andrés Vicente 
Published: October 2012

SummaryRecent genome‐wide association studies have linked type‐2 diabetes mellitus to a genomic region in chromosome 9p21 near the Ink4/Arf locus, which encodes tumor suppressors that are up‐regulated in a variety of mammalian organs during aging. However, it is unclear whether the susceptibility to type‐2 diabetes is associated with altered expression of the Ink4/Arf locus. In the present study, we investigated the role of Ink4/Arf in age‐dependent alterations of insulin and glucose homeostasis using Super‐Ink4/Arf mice which bear an extra copy of the entire Ink4/Arf locus. We find that, in contrast to age‐matched wild‐type controls, Super‐Ink4/Arf mice do not develop glucose intolerance with aging. Insulin tolerance tests demonstrated increased insulin sensitivity in Super‐Ink4/Arf compared with wild‐type mice, which was accompanied by higher activation of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)‐PI3K‐AKT pathway in liver, skeletal muscle and heart. Glucose uptake studies in Super‐Ink4/Arf mice showed a tendency toward increased 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in skeletal muscle compared with wild‐type mice (P = 0.079). Furthermore, a positive correlation between glucose uptake and baseline glucose levels was observed in Super‐Ink4/Arf mice (P < 0.008) but not in wild‐type mice. Our studies reveal a protective role of the Ink4/Arf locus against the development of age‐dependent insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.