bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histone Deacetylase Regulates IL‐4 Gene Expression in Mast Cells by Oxidative Stress
Authors: Nakamaru Yuji , Takagi Dai , Fukuda Satoshi 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Many pro‐inflammatory cytokines are regulated by acetylation and deacetylation of core histone. Since dysregulation of Th2 cytokine production is a key for the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, we examined the role of histone deacetylase (HDAC) on expression of IL‐4 gene in mast cells. We also examined whether oxidative stress has some impact on HDAC activity.Methods:RBL‐2H3 cells, a rat mast cell line, were sensitized overnight with DNP‐specific IgE. The cells were then treated with HDAC inhibitors (trichostatin A) for 15 min and stimulated with DNP‐antigen. After 2 hour incubation, total RNA was isolated to determine the level of IL‐4 gene transcription by real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (Taqman system). After incubated with H2O2 for 0 to 24 hours, HDAC activity was measured in nuclear extracts obtained from the RBL‐2H3 cells with HDAC Fluorescent activity assay kit (BIOMOL) as well as the detection of IL‐4 mRNA.Results:IL‐4 mRNA expression was induced with antigen in IgE‐sensitized RBL‐2H3 cells. Pretreatment of trichostatin A and H2O2 enhanced IL‐4 mRNA expression with dose‐dependent manner. There is 5‐fold induction of IL‐4 mRNA by HDAC inhibitors. HDAC activity of RBL‐2H3 cells were reduced with H2O2 treatment.Conclusions:Our results suggest that oxidative stress may up‐regulate IL‐4 gene expression in mast cell via decrease of HDAC activity.
Kinin Upregulates CXCL1 and CXCL8 Chemokine Expression in Human Nasal Mucosa–Derived Fibroblasts
Authors: Tsai Yih‐Jeng , Hao Sheng‐Po , Wu Wen‐Bin 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the mucosa of the nasal cavity and sinuses. It can be classified into CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). It is often described as a chronic inflammatory condition of the sinonasal mucosa and followed by a continuous tissue remodeling process. The CXC chemokine such as CXCL1 and CXCL8 are primarily chemotactic for endothelial cells and neutrophils, whch are potent promoters of angiogensis and inflammation.Methods:In this study, we examined the effects of kinin on CXC chemokine expression in human nasal fibroblasts from mucosa specimens of patients with CRSsNP.Results:We found kinin increased CXCL1 and CXCL8 release in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner, as determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In parallel, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the kinin increased CXCL1 and CXCL8 mRNA level, suggesting this process involved transcriptional regulation. The increased CXCL chemokines appeared to have chemoattractive ability toward monocyte. We found monocyte migration increased as monocytes and fibroblasts were cocultured and the fibroblasts were stimulated with kinin in an indirect transwell co‐culture system.Conclusions:Our results suggest that kinin may play a role in causing chemokine release and recruit leukocytes infiltration in the nasal inflammation microenvironment during chronic rhinosinusitis.
Local Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombination in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Hernandez David , Hulse Kathryn E. , Norton James E. , Tan Bruce K. , Kern Robert C. , Schleimer Robert P. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is characterized by B cell inflammation. We sought to determine whether immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) occurred locally within polyps and to quantify the expression of proteins involved in regulating CSR. Germline transcripts (GLTs) are produced during CSR, and activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AICD) is an enzyme that is required for CSR. Thus, GLT and AICD expression can be used as markers for CSR.Methods:Polyp (n = 12‐37), tonsil (n = 7), and uncinate tissue (UT) from patients with CRSwNP (n = 9), CRSsNP (n = 10), and normal controls (n = 11‐12) were collected. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for GAPDH, GUSB (housekeeping genes), AICD, IL‐15, iNOS, BAFF, and A1, A2, G1, G4, and E GLT was performed using cDNA from tissue. Relative expression was calculated in relation to a housekeeping gene.Results:AICD expression was significantly increased in tonsils compared with all other groups (P <. 05), and polyp AICD expression was significantly elevated compared with UTwNP and UTsNP (P <. 01). Tonsils expressed significantly more A2 GLT than all other groups (P <. 05). E GLT was significantly increased in polyps versus UTnl (P <. 05). G1 GLT was increased in polyps compared with all other groups (P <. 05 vs UTwNP). G4 GLT was also increased in polyps compared with all other tissues, but this did not reach significance. Only IL‐15 showed significantly increased expression in polyps versus UTnl and UTwNP (P <. 01).Conclusions:These results suggest that local CSR is occurring in polyps of patients with CRSwNP.
The Nasal Mucosa after Airway Deprivation: An Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Abdel‐Aziz Mahmoud F. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:The aim of this study is to depict changes in the nasal mucosa by studying transmission and scanning electron microscopic pictures.Methods:This study was performed on 50 consecutive patients from the Department of Otolaryngology at Tanta University, Egypt between October 2008 and January 2013. Patients were candidates for total laryngectomy for advanced laryngeal cancer. Each patient was subjected to a biopsy from the nasal mucosa 1 cm behind the anterior end of the inferior turbinate using Blakseley forceps. Specimens were subjected to scanning as well as transmission electron microscopic examination.Results:All patients after total laryngectomy demonstrated at least 1 histopathologic abnormality. Focal or total atrophy in the nasal mucosal epithelium was found. The epithelial cells showed vacuolation, loss of cilia, and few short microvilli, as well as separation of epithelial cells with loss of junctional complexes. Widening of the binter‐cellular spaces as well as focal disruption of the basement membrane, clear separation of epithelial cells from each other were also noted in some patients. In some patients marked thickening of basement membrane and angiogenesis of the lamina propria were seen. An increase in the number of active fibroblasts with increased collagen deposition, and swelling and degeneration of mitochondria was also evident.Conclusions:Changes in the nasal mucosa after total laryngectomy would eventually result in lack of mucus synthesis and consequently, inadequate mucus secretion, and could disturb the mucociliary transport
Olfaction after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Kim Byung Guk , Hwang Se Whan , Kim Dong Hyun , Kim Doo Ri , Kim Sung Won , Park So Young 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common causes of olfactory dysfunction. After endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), olfactory function may improve in most cases, but may not in others. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors for olfaction improvement after endoscopic sinus surgery in CRS.Methods:A total of 103 patients (175 nostrils) with CRS who underwent ESS were studied. We performed olfactory function test for all patients using the butanol threshold test (BTT) and Cross Cultural Smell Identification test (CC‐SIT) preoperatively and postoperatively. The patients’ subjective symptoms were also recorded using the visual analog scale (VAS) pre‐ and postoperatively. We also analyzed the duration of disease and preoperative computed tomography by Lund‐Mackay score.Results:The improvement of olfactory function after ESS in patients with longer duration of symptoms was not significantly lower than in patients with shorter duration. In multivariable study, anosmics had better improvement than hyposmics in recovery of olfaction. There were significant differences in anterior ethmoid involvement between responder and non‐responder group.Conclusions:The improvement of olfaction after ESS mainly depends on the degree of preoperative olfactory function and involvement of anterior ethmoid involvement. Therefore, for the better outcome of ESS especially in olfactory function, early and proper treatment (including ESS) for CRS will be necessary.
Pathological Comparison of Nasal Manifestation of IgG4‐Related Disease and Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Suzuki Masanobu , Nakamaru Yuji , Homma Aya , Takagi Dai , Fukuda Satoshi 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Immunoglobulin (Ig) G4‐related disease has been widely known to affect many organs including the lacrimal gland, salivary gland, pancreas, retroperitoneal, etc. There are a few reports concerning the nasal lesion of this disease. However, the difference between the nasal manifestation of IgG4‐related disease and allergic rhinitis (AR) has not been clarified. We compared the pathological findings in nasal specimens of IgG4‐related disease with those of allergic rhinitis.Methods:Nasal mucosa was obtained from patients with IgG4‐related disease and AR. We examined the infiltration of IgG4 positive cells and other infiltrating cells. These infiltrating cells in IgG4‐related disease group were compared with those in the AR group. We also assessed the number of nasal glands in IgG4‐related disease and the AR group.Results:The number of IgG4‐positive plasma cells was significantly higher in the IgG4‐related disease group than that in the AR group. CD3 and CD4 positive cells were also significantly higher in the IgG4‐related disease group than in the AR group. The number of nasal glands was decreased in the IgG4‐related disease group less than the AR group.Conclusions:The number of IgG4, CD3, and CD4 positive cells was significantly higher in the IgG4‐related disease group than that in the AR group. There is a possibility that the nasal manifestations of IgG4‐related disease might be different from AR.
Hearing Aid Use Prevents and Reverses Loss of Speech Understanding in Adults with Hearing Loss
Authors: Astrachan David I. , Davis Michael 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Determine in subjects with hearing loss if speech discrimination declines over time and, if so, whether it could be maintained or restored with the use of hearing aids.Methods:A prospective study of age‐related hearing loss performed over 6 years concluding in February of 2013 in a private physician's office. Subjects: 39 male, 44 female, mean age of 72 years, reporting difficulty hearing who agreed to have repeat audiometric evaluation at least 6 months following the initial audiogram, whether or not they obtained amplification. Subjects were given an initial hearing examination to measure tone threshold and speech discrimination. Forty‐seven of the subjects received amplification shortly after this initial test and were tested a final time 27.7 months later. Twenty‐five of the subjects did not receive amplification immediately after the initial test but did receive amplification after a second test (36 months later) and were then given a final test 19.5 months later. Eleven of the subjects never received amplification but were tested a final time 39.1 months after their initial hearing exam. Outcome measures: Tone threshold and speech discrimination.Results:Subjects who never received amplification showed significant loss in speech discrimination (P <. 5). Amplification significantly increased speech discrimination (P <. 001). In subjects given 3 tests, there were significant decreases in speech discrimination without amplification (P <. 05), which was restored after 19.5 months of amplification (P <. 05).Conclusions:Progressive hearing loss is associated with a loss of speech discrimination. Speech discrimination can be maintained or restored by the use of hearing aids.
Post‐radiation CSF Leak of Skull Base
Authors: Thornton Blakely N. , Sorenson Jeffrey M. , Shires Courtney B. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:(1) Describe the presence of a skull base cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak that occurred in a patient after receiving radiation therapy for a residual pituitary adenoma. (2) Analyze possible factors contributing to this rare occurrence.Methods:Case report with a retrospective chart review.Results:A 49‐year‐old African American female received 23.4 Gy in 13 fractions of definitive external beam radiotherapy for a residual nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma involving the left parasellar area for 16 days prior to developing a CSF leak. Cisternogram demonstrated a small focus of dehiscence in the right tuberculum sella, measuring 1.5 mm in diameter with a small amount of contrast present anterior to this dehiscence. This also demonstrated fluid in the right lateral aspect of the sphenoid sinus in communication with the intracranial CSF. CSF leak may occur after radiation as a tumor shrinks and leaves defects in the skull base and dura at the tumor site. Interestingly, the CSF leak in this patient occurred at a different location than that of the pituitary tumor. This suggests that radiation may weaken the skull base at sites other than tumor sites.Conclusions:CSF leak is known to occur after skull base surgery, but has not previously been reported after radiation in regions of the skull base away from previous sites of surgical manipulation. This case report identifies a middle skull base CSF leak in a post‐radiation patient.
Postviral Anosmia: Lack of Response to Corticosteroids
Authors: Espitia Elizabeth A. , Hernández‐García Estefanía , Eisenberg Gustavo , GarcÍa‐Peces Victoria , Plaza Guillermo 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:(1) Describe the clinical caracteristics of postviral anosmia, comparing with anosmia related to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). (2) Analyze its response to corticosteroid treatment.Methods:A retrospective study was performed on 66 patients with olfactory loss. Olfactory function was assessed at baseline using the Connecticut Chemosensorial Clinical Research Center test. Clinical records were reviewed to discharge CRS, post‐traumatic and other certain etiologies. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were reviewed. Topical, oral corticosteroids, or both were used on postviral cases for at least 6 months.Results:Patients were evaluated after 6 and 12 months of follow‐up. The mean age at diagnosis was 53.8 (standard deviation 12.92). There were 74.2% females (49/66) and 25.8% males. The most frequent etiology was postviral anosmia, 51.5% of cases (34/66). At the time of diagnosis, the mean combined olfactometry (threshold test + identification test/2) was 2.75 (standard deviation 2.36). After 12 months, the mean was 4.70 (standard deviation 3.21), a significant improvement compared to baseline. No significant differences between the improvement obtained with topical corticosteroid therapy and/or oral were found. No differences were found comparing to treatment response of anosmia related to CRS.Conclusions:Postviral anosmia occurs most often in women. Olfactory recovery is uncommon, and topical or systemic corticosteroids were similarly ineffective.
The Results of Propylen Mesh Usage for Nasal Septal Perforation Repair in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Yucebas Kadir , Taskin Umit , Oktay Mehmet F. , Aydin Salih , Altınay Serdar , Balur Mehmet B. , Erdil Mehmet 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Evaluate the effectiveness and biocompability of propylene mesh in an animal model of nasal septal perforations on rabbits.Methods:A nasal septal perforation model was created on rabbits, then nasal septal perforations were closed via 2 different methods with open rhinoplasty technique. Some perforations were closed with mucosal flaps and propylene mesh as interpositional graft. The others were repaired with bilateral mucosal flaps. After 4 weeks, nasal septums were totally removed and histopathological evaluation was done for acute rejection, infection, inflammatory response, fibrosis, and granuloma formation.Results:No septal perforation was repaired in the mucosal flap‐only group. In the second group, all perforations were repaired completely. Of 5 samples of study group, 1 showed +1 (62.5%) inflammatory response, 1 (12.5%) sample showed +2 and 2 samples showed +3 (25%), respectively. A total of 3 (37.5 %) samples of group 2 did not show any fibrosis, 4 (50%) samples showed mild fibrosis, and 1 (12.5%) sample showed moderate fibrosis. A total of 7 (87.5%) samples showed mild fibrosis at most. We did not see any severe fibrosis at all. We observed 6 (75%) samples that showed no granuloma formation as foreign body reaction and 2 (25%) samples showed few giant cells. Heavy vascular and epithelial proliferation was seen along borders of propylene mesh.Conclusions:Propylene mesh showed good biocompability with septal mucosa and can be used for repair of septal perforation as interpositional graft safely.
Time‐of‐Day Predominance of Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms during Treatment with Intranasal Ciclesonide 200 mcg qd
Authors: Salas Maria del Carmen C. , Vargas Jose Antonio , Medina Estefania Torres , Ugalde Jazmin Chiu , Alvarenga Juan Carlos Lopez 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:(1) Effectiveness of intranasal ciclesonide 200 mcg qd (CIC). (2) Time‐of‐day predominance (TDP) of nasal and nonnasal AR symptoms. TDP is the main focus of this report.Methods:Phase IV, open‐label, noninterventional study. Patients aged 12 years with at least a 2‐year history of AR were eligible; 1526 patients with active AR were enrolled and received CIC during 4 weeks. TDP was recorded by patients and classified as: Morning, noon, afternoon, night or none. TDP was evaluated at T0 (basal), once daily during the first treatment‐week, and once a week during the rest of the study (weeks 2 to 4). Relative frequencies of AR symptoms were calculated with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Differences between basal TDP‐relative frequency and at treatment‐days 7 and 28, were calculated using z test.Results:All symptoms were of morning predominance at baseline, for example, runny nose 51%, nasal congestion 51%, sneezing 49%. Morning predominance remained the highest for all evaluated symptoms during CIC‐treatment period, but its frequency decreased after 7 and 28 treatment‐days; as a result, the no‐predominance category increased in frequency during the follow‐up. Symptoms showed relative lower probability density after treatment as compared with basal evaluation: Between 0.53 and 0.57 at treatment day 7, and between 0.34 and 0.38 at day 28. All P values (z test) were <.001.Conclusions:In this study, TDPs for individual AR symptoms are described in a Mexican population. Treatment with CIC helps to reduce morning predominance of AR symptoms, and increases the asymptomatic state after 4 weeks of treatment.
Treatment of Iatrogenic Septal Perforation with Conchal Cartilage
Authors: Basutcu Ibrahim S. 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:Septal perforation is one of the unwanted complications of septal surgery. The effects of perforation may change according to the location of the perforation, but anterior septal perforation may give rise to crusting and bleeding. Sometimes minor perforations may cause a whistling sound while breathing.Methods:We included 9 patients who had septal perforation caused by septal surgery. All perforations were located anteriorly and their diameter was between 2 and 3 cm. In one case, the septum was almost totally perforated, and we closed the perforation with auricular conchal cartilage. This study was done in Canakkale Military Hospital between 2010 and 2013. All subjects were males between the ages of 20 and 23 years. All had previously been operated on for septal deviation. Their main complaint was nasal stuffiness and epistaxis. An open approach rhinoplasty was done. In order to expose both septal perforation flaps, we separated upper lateral cartilages. The cartilage graft harvested from conchal cartilage was trimmed and sutured transseptally that fits perforation dimensions.Results:Nasal tamponade for stabilizing the graft were kept in place for 10 days. The graft stability was examined monthly for 3 months. The main criteria for surgical success was mucosal integrity and postoperative crusting in nasal passages. Eight of 9 cases were fully closed by conchal graft. In 1 case, the partially posterior part of the perforation was left open, but this perforation was asymptomatic.Conclusions:Auricular conchal graft usage in treatment of large septal perforations is an effective method.
Vitamin D Decreases In Vitro Secretion of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 and 9 from Nasal Polyp–Derived Fibroblasts
Authors: Wang LingFeng 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:In order to study the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and manifestation of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, we designed the following study. In vivo: We tried to determine if serum vitamin D level was lower in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and if low serum vitamin D level correlated with the severity of CRSwNP. In vitro: We used the cultured nasal polyp–derived fibroblasts to investigate the in vitro effect of vitamin derivatives (calcitriol and tacalcitol) on the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9.Methods:Patients with latest diagnosis of CRSwNP undergoing elective endoscopic sinus surgery were recruited, and patients with malignancies or asthma were excluded. The severity of CRSwNP was assessed with the Lund‐Mackay score and polyp grading system. Vitamin D status was assessed by measuring circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) by using commercial chemiluminescence immunoassay. Resected polyps were used for primary fibroblast culture. The fourth to eighth passage of human fibroblasts were used for the experiments.Results:Serum 25OHD levels (ng/mL ± SD) were significantly lower in patients with CRSwNP (21.4 ± 5.7) than in those with CRSsNP (28.8 ± 6.2) (P <. 001). A significantly negative relationship was found between serum 25OHD level and polyp grade (r = –0.63, P =. 001), indicating lower serum 25OHD was associated with higher polyp grade. Serum 25OHD was inversely related to both LM score and total IgE level as well. However, statistical significance was not found. In the in vitro study, we demonstrated that TNF can significantly induce the secretion of MMP‐2 and‐9 from nasal polyp fibroblasts and this effect was significantly suppressed by adding calcitriol and tacalcitol.Conclusions:A significantly lower vitamin D level was found in a group of Taiwanese CRSwNP patients, which revealed an association with greater nasal polyp size. The study on the influence of vitamin D on inflammatory processes in NP may shed a light not only on the mechanism of its etiology but also prove its potential use in the pharmacology of NP.