bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is social norms marketing effective?
Authors: Harries Tim , Rettie Ruth , Studley Matthew , Burchell Kevin , Chambers Simon 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present details of a large-scale experiment that evaluated the impact of communicating two types of feedback to householders regarding their domestic electricity consumption: feedback on their own consumption and feedback of both their own consumption and that of others in their locality.

Design/methodology/approach
– Digital technologies were used to automatically measure and communicate the electricity consumption of 316 UK residents for a period of 16 weeks. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: one involving no feedback; one involving feedback about a household's own usage, and one involving a household's own usage plus social norms feedback (the average consumption of others in the locality). At the end of the study, a selection of participants took part in interviews or focus groups.

Findings
– Both types of feedback (individual and individual-plus-social-norms) led to reductions in consumption of about 3 per cent. Those receiving social norms feedback were significantly more likely to engage with the information provided. However, the social norms information had no additional impact on consumption. Survey and interview data confirmed that participants from both conditions had been encouraged to adopt new energy-saving practices. The study concludes that near real-time individual feedback can be sufficient for usage reduction if it is provided in a historical format. It also suggests that the impact of social norms information may previously have been confounded with that of individual feedback.

Originality/value
– This is the first time that a controlled experiment in the field of domestic electricity consumption has compared the impact of real-time social norm information with that of information that only contains individual household usage.
Feedback provision and use in teaching and learning: a case study
Authors: Laryea Samuel 
Published: September 2013

PurposeThe information a student receives after they have completed a piece of work is often known as “feedback” and this can be provided in a range of formats. Despite its importance, results of the National Students Survey in the UK consistently suggest that feedback is an area where significant improvements are needed across the higher education sector. The purpose here was to explore and advance a better understanding of the way feedback is given by lecturers as part of teaching and how students perceive and use it in their learning.Design/methology/approachIn all, three methods were used for data collection in 2010‐2011. First, semi‐structured interviews with 52 students helped to acquire a preliminary understanding of their feedback experiences. Second, a questionnaire completed by lecturers helped to identify their feedback provision methods. Third, a questionnaire completed by 194 students across all year groups helped to obtain their views about the usefulness of various methods of feedback provision.FindingsA content analysis of the data shows the main methods used in Part 1 to provide feedback on assignments are verbal 1:1 and generic feedback in the classroom. The main methods used in Part 2 to provide feedback on assignments are comments written on the submission or a separate sheet. In Part 3, the main methods used to provide feedback are generic feedback given in the classroom; verbal 1:1; a standard template; and comments written on the submission or a separate sheet. However, a majority of students responding to this research prefer one‐on‐one and personal feedback which can clearly be time‐consuming for lecturers.Originality/valueThe originality here lies in the use of multiple methods to ascertain feedback practices from both the perspective of its provision by lecturers and its use by students.
Evaluation for the conservation of historic buildings
Authors: Yung Esther H.K. , Chan Edwin H.W. 
Published: September 2013

PurposeThis study aims to examine whether there are significant differences between laymen's, professionals' and policy makers' evaluations of the conservation of historic buildings.Design/methodology/approachThe research began with interview surveys using a sample of laymen and professionals in the built environment and it examined their evaluation standards of a sample of 25 historic buildings in Hong Kong. The research also used the controversial Queen's Pier case to examine the extent to which different preferences of conservation between laymen and professionals and policy makers has led to its conservation campaign.FindingsThe results indicate that laymen and professional groups evaluate historic buildings based on slightly different criteria. The research also reveals that their preference for what is worth conserving is different from policy makers. The debate over the conservation of the Queen's Pier illustrates a wide range of issues other than differences of preference that may have stimulated the campaign.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size of the respondents and the sample buildings are limited due to manpower resource and funding. Further study can expand the sampling size.Originality/valueThe study is original research which illustrates the differences between laymen's, professionals' and policy makers' evaluation criteria and assessment of historic buildings. It recommends a greater understanding of all stakeholders' interests in heritage conservation and the incorporation of the public's view into legislative and administrative procedures in designating and listing historic buildings.
Melting heat transfer in a boundary layer flow of a second grade fluid under Soret and Dufour effects
Authors: Hayat T. , Hussain M. , Awais M. , Obaidat S. 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The boundary layer flow and heat transfer of second grade fluid in a region of the stagnation point over a stretching surface has been examined. Thermal-diffusion (Dufour) and diffusion-thermo (Soret) effects combined with melting heat transfer are also considered. Suitable transformations are employed to convert the partial differential equations representing the conservation of mass, momentum, energy and diffusion into the system of ordinary differential equations. The series solutions for the flow quantities of interest are presented. Interpretation to velocity, temperature and concentration is assigned. Numerical values of the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers have been computed. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Analytic approach homotopy analysis method (HAM) is used to find the convergent solution of melting heat transfer in a boundary layer flow of a second grade fluid under Soret and Dufour effects.

Findings
– In this article the main findings are as second grade fluid; melting heat transfer; Soret and Dufour effects; mass transfer; stretching sheet. It is noted that melting heat transfer enhances the flow. Moreover, the effects of Soret and Dufour parameters have opposite effects on the temperature and concentration fields.

Originality/value
– The performed computations show that the behaviors of Prandtl number Pr and Schmidt number Sc on the dimensionless temperature and concentration fields are similar in a qualitative sense.
Homotopy Padé method for solving second-order one-dimensional telegraph equation
Authors: Jabbari Azizeh , Kheiri Hossein , Yildirim Ahmet 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to obtain analytic solutions of telegraph equation by the homotopy Padé method.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors used Maple Package to calculate the solutions obtained from the homotopy Padé method.

Findings
– The obtained approximation by using homotopy method contains an auxiliary parameter which is a simple way to control and adjust the convergence region and rate of solution series. The approximation solutions by [m, m] homotopy Padé technique are often independent of auxiliary parameter h and this technique accelerates the convergence of the related series. Finally, numerical results for some test problems with known solutions are presented and the numerical results are given to show the efficiency of the proposed techniques.

Originality/value
– The paper is shown that homotopy Padé technique is a promising tool with accelerated convergence for complicated nonlinear differential equations.
Boundary layer flow of Maxwell fluid with power law heat flux and heat source
Authors: Shehzad S.A. , Qasim M. , Hayat T. , Sajid M. , Obaidat S. 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the two-dimensional flow of Maxwell fluid with power law heat flux and heat source over a stretched surface.

Design/methodology/approach
– The governing partial differential equations are reduced into ordinary differential equations by applying similarity transformations. Series solutions of velocity and temperature are found by adopting homotopy analysis method (HAM).

Findings
– It is found that the velocity decreases by increasing Deborah number and suction parameter. It is also observed that the heat generation parameter leads to a decrease in temperature. Furthermore, the numerical values of local Nusselt number decreased with an increase in Deborah number.

Practical implications
– A useful source of information for the investigators on the field of non-Newtonian fluids with heat transfer.

Originality/value
– This paper discusses the boundary layer flow of Maxwell fluid with power law heat flux in the presence of heat source.
Does strategic human resource involvement and devolvement enhance organisational performance?
Authors: Khalil Darwish Tamer , Singh Satwinder 
Published: September 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test empirically the relationship between the strategic involvement and the devolvement of human resource functions with organisational performance.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on the primary data collected from the population of financial firms based in Jordan. The methodology adopted for the purpose of data analysis includes the use of basic statistics, zero‐order correlations, confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regressions.FindingsThe results provide strong support for the hypothesis that the involvement of human resource functions into the business and corporate strategy reduces employee turnover rate and enhances financial performance. The analysis does not support the second hypothesis that empowering day‐to‐day human resource functions to line managers impacts negatively on employee turnover and positively on financial performance.Practical implicationsOur results imply that financial performance can be enhanced and employee turnover rate decreased by involving human resource directors in the overall strategic decision‐making process of companies. However, our results also imply that the devolvement of routine human resource issues to line managers is neither positively related to the financial performance of the companies nor negatively related to employee turnover. This raises doubts as to whether, after having involved human resource functions into the strategic affairs of the company, they are empowered enough to make a positive impact.Originality/valueThis is one of few papers conducted on this topic in a non‐western environment, and the first of its kind for the country of Jordan. This paper contributes to the field through its approach to measuring and testing strategic human resource management theory. The paper also successfully links the core aspects of strategic human resource management with objective indicators of financial performance of the companies.
Scientific (wo)manpower – gender and the composition and earnings of PhDs in Sweden
Authors: Amilon Anna , Persson Inga 
Published: September 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent male and female PhDs choose academic vs non‐academic employment. Further, it analyses gender earnings differences in the academic and non‐academic labour markets.Design/methodology/approachRich Swedish cross‐sectional register data on the stock of PhDs in 2004 is used for investigating differences between male and female PhDs in earnings levels and in the choice of labour market (in academia or outside academia).FindingsNo significant gender differences prevail for the probability of becoming academically employed. On average, women earn 16 per cent less than men, and the academically employed earn 26 per cent less than PhDs outside academia. In the non‐academic labour market, women earn approximately 25 per cent less than men, and this gender gap stays constant over time. Within academia, men and women start at similar earnings levels, but higher returns to graduate experience for men causes the gender earnings differences to increase over time to approximately 18 per cent by ten years after graduation.Practical implicationsProvides background information relevant for efforts to make efficient use of female scientific human capital.Originality/valueThe study is the first to investigate career‐choice and earnings of Swedish PhDs. Further, the study is the first to investigate both the academic and the non‐academic labour markets.
Labor market effects of work‐sharing arrangements in Taiwan, ROC
Authors: Lai Yu‐Cheng , Sarkar Santanu 
Published: September 2013

PurposeTo measure the effects of work‐sharing arrangements on participants’ subsequent labor market outcomes in Taiwan such as full‐time employment rates, working hours of women and men and the difference in scale effect and effect of substitution between hours and employment for women and men.Design/methodology/approachUsing the data from Manpower Utilization Survey, we applied the differences‐in‐differences estimation method to test the effects of work‐sharing arrangements on working hours, wage and employment. Multinomial logit was used to measure the effects of work sharing on full‐time employment. In order to correct the simultaneity and selectivity problems, we followed the Heckman two‐stage selection procedures to solve the selection bias, and used weighted least squares to solve heteroskedasticity in the wage and hour equations. The instrumental variable (IV) method was used to avoid simultaneity bias in the hour equation.FindingsThis paper found the restrictions enforced by law on working hours have negative effects on employees’ working conditions in certain industries in Taiwan. After controlling the working hours, we found the wages paid to women and men have increased subsequent to the enforcement of law. However, compared to men the net wage earned by women has increased to a lesser extent. It was further observed that with enactment of work‐sharing law, the employment rate of women has considerably declined since 2001. Main findings assimilating the results for hour, wage and full‐time employment suggest that a country like Taiwan (with work‐sharing arrangements implemented by law) has witnessed a smaller gap between women's and men's working time and wages during 2001‐2002. However, for the period of 2003‐2006 the amendment that introduced compressed work week brought a larger gender gap in working hours as well as wages. In other words, the implementation of work‐sharing law has reduced the gender gap in hours and wages during 2001‐2002, but the prevailing gender gap in hours as well as wages has worsened after the introduction of compressed work week during 2003‐2006.Practical implicationsAn in‐depth analysis of labor market effects of work‐sharing law will be useful for the policymakers, especially those interested in understanding the impact of their policies on labor market outcomes like wage, hour and employment, and finding out whether policies were effective at reducing the gender gap in given outcomes.Originality/valueFindings of the present study should not only provide the broad lessons for policymakers in Taiwan, but the results that have emerged from the country case study may be referred by other Asian countries who want to bring a change in working and employment conditions for their labor by implementing work‐sharing law.
Gender‐based career differences among young auditors in Sweden
Authors: Månsson Jonas , Elg Ulf , Jonnergård Karin 
Published: September 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine whether or not gender‐related differences affect the likelihood of promotion.Design/methodology/approachThe research is done on a unique dataset on the Swedish audit industry, an industry with a well‐defined and well‐known career ladder. We apply an ordered probit model to take all steps in the career ladder into consideration simultaneously.FindingsFemales are on average less likely to be promoted. Separate regressions for males and females identified that the estimated promotion probability increases for males as an effect of having a child, but decreases more for males than females if males are highly involve in the care of these children. Thus, females who are involved in childcare are penalised by lower probability of promotion; however, males who are highly involved in childcare have much more to lose in terms of promotion than females do. For a family, this becomes a question of how to lose the least.Originality/valueHaving access to unique data, from a policy perspective our study gives some new insight into the uneven distribution between genders of career interruptions related to childcare.
Improved decision aiding in human resource management
Authors: Rolim Ensslin Sandra , Ensslin Leonardo , Back Felipe , Tadeu de Oliveira Lacerda Rogério 
Published: September 2013

PurposeIdentify the criteria/KPIs to support managers during human resource allocation based on knowledge demand, which serves as a decision support tool to help maintain organizational competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachHuman resource allocation in a project management model, based on knowledge demand and using a multi‐criteria decision aiding method as an intervention instrument.FindingsThree major areas of concern were identified. In all, 76 KPIs to explain concerns associated with the values of the manager, and develop cardinal and ordinal scales for each descriptor and integrate compensation rate. Further, he was allowed to implement and evaluate the current performance of the analyzed engineer, with 44 points on a cardinal scale, and provide a model with improved actions that raised his assessment to 55,67.Originality/valueThe Multi‐Criteria Decision Aiding‐Constructivist methodology (MCDA‐C) emerges as a traditional MCDA method to support decision makers in the contexts where they have a partial understanding and wish to increase their knowledge of the consequences of their values and preferences. In addition, these managers will also need to utilize time management, as people issues in the place of other functions have been highlighted in numerous published articles over how the management of human resource allocation can influence the competitive performances of an organization.
Expatriates adjustment and job performance
Authors: Awais Bhatti Muhammad , Mohamed Battour Mohamed , Rageh Ismail Ahmed 
Published: September 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effects of expatriate adjustment (work, general and interaction) between individual (previous international experience, self‐efficacy, social network and cultural sensitivity) and organizational factor (direct and indirect support) and job performance.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from 201 expatriates working in Malaysia and analyse by using structural equation modelling (Amos‐16).FindingsThe results of the study indicated that expatriate adjustment (work, general and interaction) mediate the relationship between individual and organizational factors and expatriate performance (supervisor rated).Research limitations/implicationsThe data were collected from the expatriates working in Malaysian universities. There can be differences between education industry and pure business organization in terms of working environment, selection process and management support. The respondents were citizens of different countries around the world which include Asia, Europe and Middle East. Even though Malaysia is a multicultural society and expatriates from any part of the world can find themselves in Malaysia, this research did not group the respondents in terms of their cultural differences and similarities with Malaysian culture.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study suggest that human resource managers and MNC's management should provide direct and indirect support to the expatriates and their families in terms of language and cultural training, career development, logistical assistance, family mentoring, psychological counselling, job search, self‐development and social activities. Furthermore, recruitment managers and MNC's management should consider these factors before appointing any employee for international assignment. Finally, the findings of this research suggest that better expatriate performance help MNC's to perform better in their international operations which will ultimately improve the home and host country economic situation. The better performance of MNC's in their international operations through effective expatriate performance will encourage other domestic organizations to expand their operations globally.Originality/valueExpatriate literature have highlighted many individual and organizational factors which affect expatriate job performance and adjustment but the role of some individual and organizational factors is still not clear and/or ignored by past researchers. For example, the role of direct and indirect support has not been well conceptualized in past studies. In addition, only a few studies have explained the importance of self‐efficacy, cultural sensitivity and social network in expatriate literature. Furthermore, role of previous international experience has generated conflicting results in past research.
Multi‐product maritime inventory routing with optional cargoes
Authors: Chandra Saurabh , Srivastava Rajiv K. , Agarwal Yogesh 
Published: September 2013

PurposeThe ocean transportation of automobiles is carried out by specialized Roll‐on/Roll‐off ships, which are designed to carry a large number of automobiles at a time. Many of these shipping companies have vertically integrated or collaborated with other logistics services providers to offer integrated maritime logistics solution to car manufacturers. The purpose of this study is to develop an optimization model to address the tactical level maritime logistics planning for such a company.Design/methodology/approachThe problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear program and we propose an iterative combined Ant colony and linear programming‐based solution technique for the same.FindingsThis paper can integrate the maritime transportation planning of internally managed cargoes with the inventory management at the loading and discharging ports to minimize supply‐chain cost and also maximize additional revenue through optional cargoes using same fleet of ships.Research limitations/implicationsThe mathematical model does not consider the variability in production and consumption of products across various locations, travel times between different nodes, etc.Practical implicationsThe suggested mathematical model to the supply‐chain planning problem and solution technique can be considered in the development of decision support system for operations planning.Originality/valueThis paper extends the maritime inventory routing model by considering simultaneous planning of optional cargoes with internally managed cargoes.