bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal control of nondeletional α‐thalassemia: first experience in mainland China
Authors: Li Jian , Li Ru , Zhou Jian‐Ying , Xie Xing‐Mei , Liao Can , Li Dong‐Zhi 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo demonstrate the performance of nondeletional α‐thalassemia prevention at a mainland Chinese hospital.MethodsA prenatal control program for nondeletional hemoglobin H (Hb H) disease was conducted from January 2010 to June 2012. All couples were screened for α‐thalassemia trait, and for couples in whom one partner was tested positive for α0‐thalassemia, the other was subjected to screening for Hb Constant Spring and Hb Quong Sze mutations. Prenatal diagnoses were offered in pregnancies of couples at‐risk for nondeletional Hb H disease.ResultsOf the 30 152 couples screened, 18 (0.06%) were diagnosed as at risk for nondeletional Hb H disease. There were other 13 at‐risk couples who were referred to prenatal diagnosis because they had previously an affected child. Of the 31 cases with prenatal invasive tests, 11 (35.5%) had diagnosis by chorionic villous sampling, and 20 (64.5%) had amniocentesis. Totally, 12 fetuses were diagnosed with nondeletional Hb H disease, and all of the affected pregnancies were terminated.ConclusionImplementation of a prevention and control program accompanying with a referral system for prenatal diagnosis is technically feasible in southern China, and a number of nondeletional Hb H disease have been prevented during the past 3 years of operation. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laserlineal für den Kosmos
Authors: Probst Rafael A. , Wilken Tobias , Steinmetz Tilo , Udem Thomas 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSeit der Entdeckung der Kosmischen Expansion durch Edwin Hubble spielen Geschwindigkeitsmessungen in der Astronomie eine große Rolle. Dies gilt nicht nur für das Universum als Ganzes, sondern ist auch entscheidend bei der Suche nach extrasolaren Planeten. Optische Frequenzkämme ermöglichen in der hochauflösenden Laserspektroskopie die höchstmögliche Präzision. Wie diese Technik als kosmisches Tachometer eingesetzt werden kann, zeigt dieser Artikel.
Der Mond ist aufgegangen
Authors: Meier Matthias M. M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractKeine der klassischen Mondentstehungs‐Hypothesen, ob Koakkretion, Abspaltung oder Einfang, kann alle Aspekte des Erde‐Mond‐Systems zufriedenstellend erklären. Die neuere Giant‐Impact‐Hypothese, wonach der Mond in einer Kollision zwischen der Erde und einem marsgroßen Planeten namens Theia entstand, hat das Problem, dass Erde und Mond eine identische Isotopen‐Zusammensetzung aufweisen. Zurzeit werden neue Ansätze diskutiert, unter anderem ein Modell, bei dem ein großer Teil von Theia das Erde‐Mond‐System nach der Kollision verließ.
Das Ohr trinkt mit
Authors: Denninger Gert 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDer Klang der Gläser beim Anstoßen gehört auch zum Weingenuss. Die vorgestellte Untersuchung zeigt, dass die Klangeigenschaften von Weingläsern von subtilen Details beeinflusst werden. Ihre variierende Wanddicke erzeugt zwei in der Frequenz eng benachbarte Grundresonanzen. Das gilt auch für die Oberwellen. Es zeigt sich, dass die Weingläser eines Sets so unterschiedliche Resonanzfrequenzen haben können, dass manche gleich hoch gefüllte Gläserpaare beim Anstoßen schief klingen. Die hochempfindlichen Drehratensensoren moderner Raumsonden nutzen das Prinzip der schwingenden Gläser.
Das Proton bleibt zu klein
Authors: Pohl Randolf 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDie Frage nach der Größe des Protons rückte vor einiger Zeit erneut in das Interesse von Physikern, als eine von uns gemachte Messung einen um 4 % signifikant kleineren Wert erhielt, als bis dahin angenommen. Die Ursache dieser viel diskutierten Diskrepanz ist nach wie vor unklar. Eine weitere Messung unserer Gruppe bestätigt nun den damals gefundenen Wert. Zusätzlich ermöglicht unsere Messung eine Bestimmung des magnetischen Radius des Protons. Dieser ist im Einklang mit früheren Messungen.
Live‐Aufnahmen einer chemischen Reaktion
Authors: Dell'Angela Martina , Wurth Wilfried 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNeue Lichtquellen im Röntgenbereich liefern ultrakurze, kohärente, extrem intensive Strahlungspulse. Damit ist es erstmals möglich, sowohl spektroskopische Methoden als auch Röntgenstruktur‐Untersuchungen auf einer Zeitskala von Femtosekunden anzuwenden, um dynamische Vorgänge auf atomaren Längen‐ und Zeitskalen zu untersuchen. Einem internationalen Forscherteam um unsere Gruppe an der Universität Hamburg ist es nun erstmals gelungen, die Änderung der elektronischen Struktur eines Moleküls während einer chemischen Reaktion “live” zu verfolgen.
Invertzucker – Allroundsirup und Universalsüße
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMit übersättigten Zuckerlösungen lässt sich rasch und effektiv süßen. Der Zucker ist bereits gelöst und eine leichte und rasche Verteilung der Süße gewährleistet. Allerdings kristallisiert Haushaltszucker (Saccharose) nach einiger Zeit wieder aus, bis die verbleibende Lösung nicht mehr übersättigt ist. Dieser störende Effekt kann vermieden werden, denn Saccharose hat einen Kristallisationsverhinderer mit im Gepäck.
One company's near miss program–successes, learning, and improvements
Authors: Kadri Shakeel , Peters Glen , VanOmmeren James 
Published: May 2013

Process safety events (or near misses and incidents) are key indicators of a company's process safety performance. The goal in reporting and evaluating near misses is to improve operators’ hazards awareness by recognizing unsafe conditions and acting on less‐severe Tier 3 near miss events before they escalate into more severe Tier 1 and Tier 2 type process safety incidents. Near miss analysis can also be used to identify themes and trends that a company should focus on to improve process safety risk management at their facilities.Air Products and Chemicals has been reviewing process safety near miss events for many decades but has developed and fine‐tuned a detailed and systematic near miss program within the last five years. The current program is modeled after American Petroleum Institute and Center for Chemical Process Safety guidelines with specific provisions for unique hazardous materials that Air Products handles. This article describes the global management program that must deal with the challenges of approximately 1,500 plus process safety near miss entries per year; worldwide operations in more than 40 countries; many different business units; and very diverse hazardous materials, systems, and services provided globally. The breadth of the near miss program, from technician to executive, and the depth of the program, from initial design to plant decommissioning, are presented. Near miss program learning and improvements are described that have enabled Air Products to efficiently analyze near misses, identify improvements in our process safety management program, as well as functional work processes, and effectively communicate global leadership improvement messages addressing near miss themes and trends to help support our Process Safety performance continuous improvement goals.
Optical and mechanical properties of transparent polycrystalline MgAl2O4 spinel depending on SPS conditions
Authors: Khasanov Oleg , Dvilis Edgar , Khasanov Alexey , Polisadova Elena , Kachaev Artem 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOptical and mechanical properties of transparent ceramic MgAl2O4 spinel versus SPS conditions have been investigated. Syntheses kinetics of MgAl2O4 has been studied at different heating duration, pressure force. Behaviour of spinel transparency, density, elasto‐plastic properties in depend on the mentioned terms has been studied. High transparency (72.6% at wavelength of 555 nm) and high mechanical properties (fracture toughness of 2.4 MPa × m1/2, microhardness of 18.52 GPa, Young's modulus of 212 GPa) have been achieved by decreasing the sintering duration and optimization of the pressing force. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A comparison of 4DVar with ensemble data assimilation methods
Authors: Fairbairn D. , Pring S. R. , Lorenc A. C. , Roulstone I. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThree data assimilation methods are compared for their ability to produce the best analysis: (i) 4DVar, four‐dimensional variational data assimilation using linear and adjoint models with either a (perfect) 3D climatological background‐error covariance or a 3D ensemble background‐error covariance; (ii) EDA, an ensemble of 4DEnVars, which is a variational method using a 4D ensemble covariance; and (iii) the deterministic ensemble Kalman filter (DEnKF, also using a 4D ensemble covariance).The accuracy of the deterministic analysis from each method was measured for both perfect and imperfect toy model experiments. With a perfect model, 4DVar with the climatological covariance is easily beaten by the ensemble methods, due to the importance of flow‐dependent background‐error covariances. When model error is present, 4DVar is more competitive and its relative performance is improved by increasing the observation density. This is related to the model error representation in the background‐error covariance.The dynamical time‐consistency of the 4D ensemble background‐error covariance is degraded by the localization, since the localization function and the nonlinear model do not commute. As a result, 4DVar with the ensemble covariance performs significantly better than the other ensemble methods when severe localization is required, i.e. for a small ensemble.
In situ study of electric field‐induced magnetization in multiferroic BiFeO3 nanowires
Authors: Prashanthi K. , Thundat T. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this work, we have studied electric field‐induced magnetization effect of multiferroic BiFeO3 (BFO) nanowires in situ using magnetic force microscopy (MFM). Changes in magnetic domain contrast have been observed in the MFM phase images under applied electric potential, which indicate local magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in the nanowires. The values of saturation and magnetization at different applied electric fields were evaluated. These results suggest that one‐dimensional multiferroic BFO nanowires are potential candidates for realizing multiferroic devices at nanoscale with unique functionalities. SCANNING 36:224–230, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly Stable and Dispersive Silver Nanoparticle–Graphene Composites by a Simple and Low‐Energy‐Consuming Approach and Their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Zhou Yazhou , Yang Juan , He Tingting , Shi Haifeng , Cheng Xiaonong , Lu Yuxin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA simple and low‐energy‐consuming approach to synthesize highly stable and dispersive silver nanoparticle–graphene (AgNP–GE) nanocomposites has been developed, in which the stability and dispersivity of the composites are varied greatly with the pH value and temperature of the reaction. The results demonstrate that the optimal reaction conditions are pH 11 at room temperature for 70 min. As‐synthesized composites display excellent antimicrobial activity, and can completely inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli cells at a concentration of 20 mg L−1 (20 ppm). After treatment with 10 ppm AgNP–GE composites, the cells are killed completely within 3 h. The unique structure imparts such good antimicrobial properties to the composites. Firstly, the sheetlike AgNP–GE tends to be adsorbed and accumulated onto the surface of cells, which can change the permeability and enhance the antimicrobial activity. Secondly, Ag+ released from AgNPs can act on the cells effectively and fully, thereby resulting in cell death.
Application of Kalman filter to hot‐spot temperature monitoring in oil‐immersed power transformer
Authors: Chen Weigen , Su Xiaoping 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWinding hot‐spot temperature (HST) is an important factor that affects the insulation life of an oil‐immersed power transformer. Thus, precise prediction and close monitoring of HSTs are necessary to avoid thermal damage. In this paper, a differential equation for HST prediction is presented, which takes into consideration the effects of the top‐oil temperature variations and thermal dynamics of the load. A discrete form of this equation based on the framework of the Kalman filter (KF) algorithm was used to establish a real‐time estimation model for the HST. The KF‐based model was validated by a sample heat‐run test involving a transformer setup in the laboratory. Moreover, the proposed model was applied to a real, large power transformer and compared with the classical IEEE‐Annex G method. Results show that the HSTs estimated by the KF‐based model are closer to the measured values. The exhibited potential applicability and generality in real‐time prediction for HST demonstrate that the proposed model can be employed for online monitoring of HSTs for large power transformers. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How Do I Write…? Scaffolding Preschoolers' Early Writing Skills
Authors: Cabell Sonia Q. , Tortorelli Laura S. , Gerde Hope K. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractProviding preschoolers with rich writing experiences can help to lay a foundation for their later reading and writing success. Early writing experiences can be greatly enhanced by how preschool teachers answer young children's questions about writing and engage them in productive writing instruction. With appropriate scaffolding, early writing provides support for children's overall literacy development. Taking an individualized approach to writing instruction allows teachers to capitalize on children's literacy skills at each level of development. This article provides a framework for teachers to evaluate and understand the writing that young children produce and research‐based guidance on how to shape instruction in response to each child's strengths. Scenarios are presented to illustrate the varied child‐centered responses teachers can use to support and develop foundational literacy skills through writing across typical preschool classroom contexts (i.e., centers, journals, morning message).
Evaluating myometrial and cervical invasion in women with endometrial cancer: comparing subjective assessment with objective measurement techniques
Authors: Mascilini F. , Testa A. C. , Van Holsbeke C. , Ameye L. , Timmerman D. , Epstein E. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic accuracy of subjective ultrasound assessment with that of objective measurement techniques in the evaluation of myometrial and cervical invasion in women with endometrial cancer.MethodsThis was a prospective multicenter study including 144 women with endometrial cancer undergoing transvaginal ultrasound. Myometrial and cervical invasion was evaluated subjectively, as well as objectively measured in different ways: endometrial thickness, tumor/uterine anteroposterior (AP) diameter ratio, minimal tumor‐free margin, minimal tumor‐free margin/uterine AP diameter ratio, tumor volume (three‐dimensional (3D)), tumor/uterine volume (3D) ratio, and distance from outer cervical os to lower margin of tumor (Dist‐OCO). Histological assessment following hysterectomy was the gold standard.ResultsThe sensitivity (72%) and specificity (76%) of tumor/uterine AP diameter (at cut‐off, 0.53) were not significantly different from those of subjective evaluation (sensitivity, 77% (P = 0.44); specificity, 81% (P = 0.32)) for the prediction of deep myometrial invasion; all other objective measurement techniques had either a significantly lower sensitivity or a lower specificity. For all objective measurement techniques, except minimal tumor‐free margin/uterine AP diameter ratio, fixing the sensitivity at the same level as that of subjective evaluation (i.e. 77%) gave a significantly lower specificity. Dist‐OCO was the only parameter that might have potential to predict cervical invasion; it had a non‐significantly higher sensitivity than did subjective evaluation (73% vs 54%, P = 0.06), but a significantly lower specificity (63% vs 93%, P < 0.001).ConclusionSubjective assessment of cervical and myometrial invasion is as good as or better than any objective measurement technique. The tumor/uterine AP diameter ratio and minimal tumor‐free margin/uterine AP diameter ratio seem to be the best objective measurement techniques to predict deep myometrial invasion. It remains to be shown if objective measurements are useful to predict cervical invasion. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Resistance to paclitxel in breast carcinoma cells requires a quality control of mitochondrial antiapoptotic proteins by TRAP1
Authors: Maddalena Francesca , Sisinni Lorenza , Lettini Giacomo , Condelli Valentina , Matassa Danilo Swann , Piscazzi Annamaria , Amoroso Maria Rosaria , La Torre Giuseppe , Esposito Franca , Landriscina Matteo 
Published: May 2013

TRAP1 is a mitochondrial antiapoptotic protein up‐regulated in several human malignancies. However, recent evidences suggest that TRAP1 is also localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it is involved in ER stress protection and protein quality control of tumor cells. Based on the mechanistic link between ER stress, protection from apoptosis and drug resistance, we questioned whether these novel roles of TRAP1 are relevant for its antiapoptotic function. Here, we show for the first time that: i) TRAP1 expression is increased in about 50% of human breast carcinomas (BC), and ii) the ER stress protecting activity of TRAP1 is conserved in human tumors since TRAP1 is co‐upregulated with the ER stress marker, BiP/Grp78. Notably, ER‐associated TRAP1 modulates mitochondrial apoptosis by exerting a quality control on 18 kDa Sorcin, a TRAP1 mitochondrial client protein involved in TRAP1 cytoprotective pathway. Furthermore, this TRAP1 function is relevant in favoring resistance to paclitaxel, a microtubule stabilizing/ER stress inducer agent widely used in BC therapy. Indeed, the transfection of a TRAP1 deletion mutant, whose localization is restricted to the ER, in shTRAP1 cells enhances the expression of mitochondrial Sorcin and protects from apoptosis induced by ER stress agents and paclitaxel. Furthermore, BC cells adapted to paclitaxel or ER stress inducers share common resistance mechanisms: both cell models exhibit cross‐resistance to single agents and the inhibition of TRAP1 by siRNAs or gamitrinib, a mitochondria‐directed HSP90 family inhibitor, in paclitaxel‐resistant cells rescues the sensitivity to paclitaxel. These results support the hypothesis that ER‐associated TRAP1 is responsible for an extramitochondrial control of apoptosis and, therefore, an interference of ER stress adaptation through TRAP1 inhibition outside of mitochondria may be considered a further compartment‐specific molecular approach to rescue drug‐resistance.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Alcohol and Tobacco Use in Public Health Workers After the 2004 Florida Hurricanes
Authors: Fullerton Carol S. , McKibben Jodi B.A. , Reissman Dori B. , Scharf Ted , Kowalski-Trakofler Kathleen M. , Shultz James M. , Ursano Robert J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveWe examined the relationship of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), probable depression, and increased alcohol and/or tobacco use to disaster exposure and work demand in Florida Department of Health workers after the 2004 hurricanes.MethodsParticipants (N = 2249) completed electronic questionnaires assessing PTSD, depression, alcohol and tobacco use, hurricane exposure, and work demand.ResultsTotal mental and behavioral health burden (probable PTSD, probable depression, increased alcohol and/or tobacco use) was 11%. More than 4% had probable PTSD, and 3.8% had probable depression. Among those with probable PTSD, 29.2% had increased alcohol use, and 50% had increased tobacco use. Among those with probable depression, 34% indicated increased alcohol use and 55.6% increased tobacco use. Workers with greater exposure were more likely to have probable PTSD and probable depression (ORs = 3.3 and 3.06, respectively). After adjusting for demographics and work demand, those with high exposure were more likely to have probable PTSD and probable depression (ORs = 3.21 and 3.13). Those with high exposure had increased alcohol and tobacco use (ORs = 3.01 and 3.40), and those with high work demand indicated increased alcohol and tobacco use (ORs = 1.98 and 2.10). High exposure and work demand predicted increased alcohol and tobacco use, after adjusting for demographics, work demand, and exposure.ConclusionsWork-related disaster mental and behavioral health burden indicate the need for additional mental health interventions in the public health disaster workforce.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:89-95)
On Additive invariants of actions of additive and multiplicative groups
Authors: Hu Wenchuan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLet X be an algebraic variety with an action of either the additive or multiplicative group. We calculate the additive invariants of X in terms of the additive invariants of the fixed point set, using a formula of Białynicki-Birula. The method is also generalized to calculate certain additive invariants for Chow varieties. As applications, we obtain results on the Hodge polynomial of Chow varieties in characteristic zero and the number of points for Chow varieties over finite fields. As applications, we obtain the l-adic Euler-Poincaré characteristic for the Chow varieties of certain projective varieties over a field of arbitrary characteristic. Moreover, we show that the virtual Hodge (p,0) and (0,q)-numbers of the Chow varieties and affine algebraic group varieties are zero for all p,q positive.
'My Teacher Told me "Toowoomba will Never Flood"'
Authors: McWilliam Kelly 
Published: May 2013

Regional Queensland and social media are not standard bedfellows in studies of Australian media use. Yet regional community responses to recent natural disasters on Facebook in particular warrant further investigation. Indeed, while the increasing use of social media by government organisations during disasters and other crises is by now well documented, the comparative surge in community uses — and particularly regional community uses — has received considerably less attention. This article is broadly interested in regional Queensland uses of Facebook during the 2011 Queensland floods, specifically the ‘Toowoomba & Darling Downs Flood Photos & Info Page’ (https://www.facebook.com/TmbaLockyerFloods?fref=ts 10 January 2011). Drawing on an interview with the page's creator, I consider both the speed and apparent efficacy of the page as a tool of grassroots (or unofficial) crisis communication, partly compared with its most obvious official counterpart, the Toowoomba Regional Council's Facebook page. Ultimately, I argue that the ‘Toowoomba & Darling Downs Flood Photos & Info Page’ offers an emphatically more useful model of social media-based crisis communication from which others might draw.