bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Borehole Casing Sources for Electromagnetic Imaging of Deep Formations
Authors: Marsala A. F , Hibbs A. D. , Morrison H. F. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The borehole to surface electromagnetic (BSEM) and crosswell electromagnetic (EM) methods have been shown to produce adequate subsurface electric current to image fluid distribution at reservoir depth. These methods have been proven to be an efficient way to transmit EM signals deep into the reservoir, but their field deployment is potentially expensive and logistically challenging. This is because several days of logging conveyance inside a borehole is required to implement them.
The ability to efficiently transmit EM signals inside the reservoir without a wellbore intervention has a tremendous potential impact in terms of cost reduction and deployment opportunity for reservoir fluid mapping and monitoring, thanks to EM technologies in the field. In BSEM a current electrode is placed inside the wellbore at reservoir depth and a counter electrode is located adjacent to the wellhead at the surface. The reservoir fluids are then imaged through measurements of several hundred EM receivers deployed at the surface. An innovative approach illustrated in this work is using a borehole casing to provide a way to introduce an electric current into the earth at considerable depth.
A new way to increase the current flowing in the subsurface at large offsets from the well is to combine a casing with one or more remote surface electrodes, located at a radial distance of approximately the casing depth. Contrary to common expectations, a conducting casing is actually an advantage when used in conjunction with an electric source.
Further, we analyze the performance of two specific variants of a casing with remote electrodes, showing the capability to detect small electrical features at a depth of 2 km out to greater than 2 km from the well. One of these source configurations has the considerable advantage that it does not require any well intervention for downhole operation. The model projections are compared to pilot surveys conducted in Saudi Arabia and at two sites in the USA with well depths of up to 2,100 m. Finally, we project the capability to detect small volumes of bypassed oil and establish the location of the oil-water boundary at significant depth and offset from a vertical well.
Wellbore Trajectory Control Using Minimum Well Profile Energy Criterion for Drilling Automation
Authors: Liu Zhengchun , Samuel Robello 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
When deviated from the planned wellbore path, it is imperative for a system to take correction actions. A new trajectory control model is developed based on minimum well profile energy criterion to achieve smooth well paths. In this model, the returning path from a deviated position (Xn-2, Yn-2, Zn-2, αn-2, φn-2) to the planned trajectory position (Xn, Yn, Zn, αn, φn is divided into two sections, each of which has its own length ΔD1, inclination change rate καi, and azimuth change rate κφi, i=n, n-1. The incremental well profile energy of the correction path can be computed as a function of section lengths, curvatures, and torsions. From the constant section build/drop rate settings and geometric relationships, five equations can be established corresponding to the changes of three-dimensional (3D) space coordinates and orientation angles (ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ, Δα, and Δϕ). By applying minimum well profile energy criterion, a unique solution set of deviation correction parameters (ΔDi, καi, and κϕi, i=n, n-1) can be obtained.
Different trajectory calculation algorithms are employed to solve the aforementioned deviation correction parameters. The results are consistent from the simple balanced tangential method, the industry standard minimum curvature method, and the more accurate natural curve method. The model is tested using wellbore trajectory simulations of different two-dimensional (2D) and 3D well paths. The simulation results show that the new trajectory control model, in comparison with proportional- integral-derivative (PID) control and fuzzy control methods, yields much smoother wellbore trajectories. Consequently, the new model is promising to reduce torque, drag, and friction of the drilling string.
Unlike PID and fuzzy control methods, which usually require subjective inputs of several controller parameters, the new trajectory control model offers deterministic solutions based on objective minimum-energy criterion. This is a significant advantage for the limited computation power of downhole tools. In addition, the settings of constant inclination/azimuth change rate in each correction section also provide benefits such as less frequent steering required; hence, less electric power consumption and less abrasion failure of downhole tools.
Real Time Fracture Placement and Completion Design Using an Azimuthal LWD Sonic and Spectral Gamma Ray Analysis for an Anisotropic Unconventional Reservoir Evaluation
Authors: Amorocho Claudia , Langford Cory , Mejia Camilo 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The geological complexities of shale formations dominated by lamination deposition mechanisms make formation evaluation a challenge for hydraulic fracture operations. Logging While Drilling technologies have evolved to provide valuable information for a reliable approach in anisotropic shales. One of the most frequent considerations is well productivity and how the new technologies and evaluation methods can help to mitigate the uncertainty of the completion and improve fracturing performance. The incorporation of the TIV anisotropy evaluation from LWD azimuthal acoustic measurements can help characterize the impact of the laminations stage by stage or even a more detailed cluster by cluster analysis.
Information from the LWD azimuthal sonic tool can help provide a better understanding in regards to the rock mechanical behavior in horizontal shale wells, as well as the brittleness interpretation providing a more realistic approach to the lamination structure of the shale deposition. Quantifying TIV anisotropy is a very important key evaluation factor to optimize the completion program likewise the well productivity. In conjunction with the LWD azimuthal sonic information, the LWD spectral gamma ray measures isotope concentrations (such as Uranium, Potassium, and Thorium) can be confidently integrated into the unconventional petrophysical interpretation calculations of Total Organic Content. This analysis is incorporated with the geomechanical and anisotropy evaluation to select the best fracture placement and design in an unconventional environment.
The anisotropic brittleness analysis identifies the zones where the best fracture propagation will be achieved while the petrophysical analysis indicates how productive these fractures should be. Through the geometric fracture simulation the best set of recommendations for the fracturing operation are developed to predict the conductivity area which contributes to the well productivity.
This paper will show the impact of the TIV anisotropy into the geomechanical evaluation, beginning with the unique real-time fracture placement methodology leading to an optimization of the anisotropy analysis to generate the best frac design to avoid expensive completion programs and reduce uncertainty on fracture placement evaluation.
Recovering the confidence to drill in a Field after dealing with a Blowout, the Managed Pressure Drilling approach. Operator finds an effective way to address the high potential for blowouts and drilling challenges in a field in Utah
Authors: Hernandez J. , Arnone M. , Callison R. , Shirley G. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
After a blowout event that destroyed a rig, incurring in environmental issues as well as personnel injuries, loss of credibility for all parties involved in the drilling operation and loss of confidence for several other operators drilling in the area, a specific operator decided to proactively plan ahead for facing the possible challenges using a full automatic Managed Pressure Drilling technology called Microflux Control System (MFCS).
MFCS enabled the well to reach total depth with enhanced safety, drilling efficiency, and with fewer casing strings than originally planned. Early influx detection along with the ability to quickly increase BHP allowed for the use of a mud weight which was approximately 2.0 ppg lower than offset well data provided. Lower mud weights resulted in an increased ROP and improved drilling efficiency. The use of lower mud weights also enabled the exact pore pressure to be identified when overpressure zones where encountered. Ballooning events were quickly identified and unnecessary mud weight increases were avoided. Compared to offset wells, MPD saved 20 hrs to weight up mud given the apparent water influxes, which in the current MPD well were identified as a ballooning. For the offset well, at the depth of 4,260 ft, 17 hrs were spent increasing the MW from 9.1 ppg to 10.3 ppg due to the apparent water flow, in the MPD well case the MW was raised from 8.8 to 9.0 and it was done in MPD mode.
The casing was run through the RCD and returns aligned to the MPD system in order to maintain BHP constant and monitor for influxes/losses while running the casing to bottom. Without and MPD system, the well would have required to be rolled over to a Kill Mud Weight, which may have led to fluid losses while circulating with the casing at bottom. The casing cementing operation was conducted having the MPD system aligned to the returns as a closed loop system, obtaining excellent process quality monitoring and pressure control.
First Installation of Efficient and Accurate Multilaterals Stimulation Technology in Carbonate Oil Application
Authors: Rice Kevin , Jorgensen Thomas , Waters Jeremy 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In many cases, carbonate oil wells are stimulated with open hole acid flush or acid fracturing treatments to increase productivity. Some of the challenges with fracturing stimulation are reservoir related, such as consistently stimulating all targeted intervals and intersecting the natural fracture network. The growth of hydraulic fractures in the vertical direction is difficult to predict, leading to the risk for entering unsought gas or water-bearing formation. Operations can be complex, costly and pose environmental challenges. A multilaterals stimulation technology (MST) has been developed and field tested to be a simple, efficient and more controllable method of stimulation with less environmental impact. The method uses less fluid, reduces the risk of groundwater contamination and eliminates stimulation fluid flowback disposal. This paper discusses the evolution of the technology, leading to the first pilot installation in a horizontal well in the Austin Chalk carbonate reservoir in Texas, during April of 2014. The pilot installation proved the stimulation technology's efficiency by creating 60 laterals, each 40 feet long, in a few hours pumping time. This installation is believed to be a world record for creating 60 laterals in less than 5 hours. The well's production response was significant, and productivity index was increased by 30 times compared to before the stimulation.
Wellbore Instability of Inclined Wells in Highly Layered Rocks — Bakken Case Study
Authors: Ostadhassan M. , Jabbari H. , Zamiran S. , Osouli A. , Oster B. , Lentz N. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The importance of the geomechanical modeling and wellbore instability analysis is increasing in the petroleum industry with recent growth of drilling plans in unconventional reservoirs. Recently, a large majority of field developments are occurring in shale oil and shale gas reservoirs as a novel source of energy. Many of these reservoirs are thin and highly layered, anisotropic and naturally fractured; these make their geomechanical modeling and wellbore instability analysis remarkably crucial; subsequently a good understanding of elastic properties of the formation such as Young's modulus, Poison's ratio and in-situ stresses are necessary for accurate results.
Bakken Formation is one of the major unconventional plays in North America which is identified by three distinct members: layered upper and lower shale and fractured middle dolomite. The thin beddings within the formation have made them extremely anisotropic, which originates from the platey shaped clay particles, high kerogen content plus the existence of natural fractures thus the wellbore instability analysis and modeling of this formation has become highly challenging. For this study elastic properties along with the petrophysical values are collected and reported from several numbers of core plugs along with wireline log data. Then, these values are used as input parameters in poroelasticity equations to calculate the magnitude of the principal stresses. Finally instability analysis especially in the inclined section of the well is carried out.
Finite Difference 3D numerical modeling was conducted under Mohr-Coulumb failure criterion with anisotropic assumptions to evaluate the deformations around the wellbore to locate instable regions. In addition, the effects of different inclination angles of the wellbore versus depth were studied. Results indicated a strong relation between the magnitude of the wellbore deformations with the the drilling inclination angle changing from vertical to horizontal which takes place in the direction of maximum horizontal principal stress. Stress contours are plotted around the wellbore shows zones of higher stress concentration and deformation. Various type of failure regions are developed as well.
The Association between Audit-Partner Quality and Engagement Quality: Evidence from Financial Report Misstatements
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Yu Lisheng , Zhao Yuping 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARY
We study whether audit-partner quality influences the probability of annual report misstatements (measured by restatements) and whether various levels of quality control attenuate such influences. We measure audit-partner quality with audit failure rate (i.e., the total number of audit failures associated with an audit partner divided by the total number of audit reports signed by the same partner). We report the following key findings. First, an audit partner's past audit failure rate is positively associated with the probability that the current year annual report that he/she audits is subsequently restated. This positive association is more pronounced for engagement partners (i.e., partners who actually conduct the audits) than for review partners (i.e., partners who review the audits). Incorporating audit-partner audit failure rates substantially increases the predictive power for future financial report restatements. Second, neither engagement-team-level nor audit-firm-level quality controls consistently attenuate engagement audit partners' influence on the probability of future restatements. Third, engagement audit partners' influence on the probability of future restatements becomes stronger for audits of more important clients. Taken together, the evidence suggests that, despite various levels of quality control, audit-partner quality significantly influences engagement quality and that such influences are exacerbated by the audit partners' own economic incentives.
JEL Classifications: M42.
Data Availability: Data used in this study are available from public sources.
Diamond Foods, Inc.: Anatomy and Motivations of Earnings Manipulation
Authors: Gujarathi Mahendra R. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
Diamond Foods is America's largest walnut processor specializing in processing, marketing, and distributing nuts and snack products. This real-world case presents financial reporting issues around the commodities cost shifting strategy used by Diamond's management to falsify earnings. By delaying the recognition of a portion of the cost of walnuts acquired into later accounting periods, Diamond Foods materially underreported the cost of sales and overstated earnings in fiscal 2010 and 2011. The primary learning goal of the case is to help students understand the anatomy and motivations of earnings manipulation. Specifically, students will have the opportunity to (1) apply the FASB's Conceptual Framework to a real-world context, (2) determine the nature of errors and compute their numerical effects on financial statements, (3) understand motivations for earnings management and actions needed for managing earnings of future years, (4) explain the anatomy of financial reporting fraud by reconstructing journal entries, (5) prepare comparative financial statements for retroactive restatements, (6) explain the rationale for clawback provisions in compensation contracts, and (7) understand the difference between the real and accrual-based earnings management.
Using the Codification to Research a Complex Accounting Issue: The Case of Goodwill Impairment at Jackson Enterprises
Authors: McNellis Casey J. , Premuroso Ronald F. , Houmes Robert E. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
This case is designed to help students develop research skills using the Financial Accounting Standards Board's (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (Codification or ASC). The case also helps develop students' abilities to analyze and recommend alternatives for a complex accounting issue, goodwill impairment, which is very relevant in today's business world. This case can be used in an undergraduate or graduate accounting class, either in groups of students or as an individual student project.
Determinants of child malnutrition in Bangladesh - A Multivariate Approach
Authors: Fazle Rabbi Ahbab Mohammad , Karmaker Shamal Chandra 
Published: October 2014

Objective: Malnutrition is referred as the greatest single threat to the world’s public health, especially for the developing countries. Nutritional status is determined anthropometrically and it is outcome of complex interactions between biological, socio-economical variables. This study is conducted to identify the significant determinants of child malnutrition in Bangladesh. Method: Using BDHS-2007 data, Total 5312 cases are included in the present study. Multivariate techniques have been applied in this study to obtain significant determinants of child malnutrition. Results: Factor analysis revealed six factors as covariate of malnutrition; where two factors are socio-economical, others are biological and bio-social. Hence linear discriminant analysis is used to clarify the efficiency of obtained factors in malnutrition scenario; which imply that the obtained factors are accurate for approximately 60 percent observations. Conclusion: The obtained results suggest that, consciousness should be raised to improve socio-economic and maternal health conditions to improve the scenario of child malnutrition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10404 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 85-89
A neglected case of Sacrococcygeal teratoma in a neonate
Authors: Mondal Monojit , Biswas Biswajit , Roy Atanu , Ari Abhijit , Nayek Kaustav , Datta Asok Kumar , Rana Kriti Sundar , Banerji Nayan 
Published: October 2014

Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT), although rare, is the most common congenital neoplasm in neonates. A mass in the sacrococcygeal region at the time of birth is the usual presentation. Routine antenatal abdominal ultrasound of mother can detect almost all the cases. The prognosis is favorable when diagnosis is done antenatally and proper management is instituted soon after the baby is born. Presented herein a 2 days old neonate with a neglected SCT who died unfortunately due to massive bleeding from the tumor. A brief review of the literature has been presented to make everyone aware of the condition so that future recurrence of such sad events may be avoided.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10448Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 108-110
Usage of diuretics among diabetic-hypertensive patients
Authors: Shastry Rajeshwari , Adhikari M.R. Prabha , Ullal Sheetal D. , Kotian Shashidhar 
Published: October 2014

Background: Hypertension is more common in diabetics than in non-diabetic patients. An aggressive approach to the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in patients with diabetes is required in order to substantially reduce the incidence of both macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications. The role of diuretics in the treatment of hypertension as first line or second line drugs is a provoking debate, hence we studied the usage of diuretics and their effects on BP and glycemic control among diabetic-hypertensive patients.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out for a period of six months in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients’ details such as age, gender, height, weight, comorbid diseases, blood pressure, eGFR along with duration of diabetes and hypertension and drugs prescribed for hypertension were noted. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: A total of 336 diabetic-hypertensiveswith a mean age of 64.55±9.51 years were included. Fortyfive patients were on diuretics,two (4.4%) of whom were on diuretic monotherapy, 16 (35.6%) on two drug combinations (Diuretic + ACEI or ARB), 21 (46.7%) on three drug combinations (diuretics + ARB & BBs or diuretic + ACEI & BB or diuretic + ARB &CCB) and six (13.3%) were on four drug combinations (diuretics + ARB, CCB & BB). Among the patients on diuretic combination therapy BP was well controlled in 23 (51%) patients and the glycemic control was comparable to those not on diuretics.Conclusion: In the present study the usage of diuretics was consistent with the guidelines. About 13% of diabetic-hypertensive patients were on diuretic treatment. The control of BP in patients on diuretics was not satisfactory, but there was no worsening of glycemic control compared to other antihypertensive therapy. This shows that low dose thiazides in combination with other antihypertensives can be safe in diabetic-hypertensive patients however their efficacy needs further scrutiny. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10582Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 15-18
Oral Health status of 3-6 year old children and their mother’s oral health related knowledge, attitude and practices in Mysore City, India
Authors: Bennadi Darshana , Reddy C. V.K. , Sunitha S. , Kshetrimayum Nandita 
Published: October 2014

Aims and Objectives: The study was carried out to assess oral health status of 3-6 year old children and their mother’s oral health related knowledge, attitude and practices in Mysore city. Moreover, this study also carried out to determine whether mother’s oral health related knowledge, attitude and practices influences oral health of their children. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 children belonging to the age group of 3-6 years old attending both governments sponsored and private preschools from five sectors accompanied by their mothers formed the study group. Oral health status was assessed by using decayed missing filled teeth index (dmft) and plaque index. Mother’s knowledge, attitude and practices were assessed by direct contact with mothers using closed ended questionnaire. Results: The results of the study showed that the prevalence of dental caries among children was 64% with mean dmft of 3.20 ± 3.08 and mean plaque scores was 0.87 ± 0.33. There was significant correlation between plaque scores and dmft. dmft and plaque score was higher in older individuals and the difference was highly significant. Mean plaque score was more among the government preschool children (1.02 ± 0.31). 46% of mothers had medium level knowledge, 63.2% mothers had average attitude and 51% mothers had high level practices related to oral health. An inverse relationship was found between mean dmft, caries prevalence, mean plaque score in children and mother’s knowledge, attitude and practices about oral health and the findings were highly significant. Conclusion: Results showed that mother’s oral health related knowledge; attitude and practices had influence on oral health status of their children DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.11097 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 66-71