bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paul Klee. From Structural Analysis and Morphogenesis to Art
Authors: Baumgartner Michael 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This contribution illuminates the meaning of the systematic confrontation with nature in the artistic and art-theoretical thought of Paul Klee. Klee’s specific interest lay in the analysis of the morphological and structural principles of plants as well as in the study of the processes of growth and form in nature. A central element of this confrontation—which also manifested itself in nuanced ways in Klee’s teaching at the Bauhaus and in his artistic creations—is the reduction of the manifold natural world of appearance to structural and morphological principles which can be freely and creatively reassembled. These principles form the foundation for Klee’s process-oriented understanding of nature and art.
In-between Painting and Music—or, Thinking with Paul Klee and Anton Webern
Authors: Schuback Marcia Sá Cavalcante 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The present article discusses the relation between painting and music in the work by Paul Klee, bringing it into conversation with the music by Anton Webern. It assumes, as a starting point, that the main question is not about relating painting and music but rather about the relation between moving towards painting and moving towards music, hence the relation between forming forces and not between formed forms. Since for Klee the musical structure of the pictorial is understood as “active linear polyphony,” the article develops this notion in conversation with Webern’s thoughts on the polyphonic structure of twelve-tone music. The general purpose of the article is to determine what kind of thoughts emerge from the in-between of painting and music.
On the Origin(s) of Truth in Art: Merleau-Ponty, Klee, and Cézanne
Authors: Johnson Galen A. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Beginning from Klee’s statement on truth in self-portraiture that his faces are truer than real ones and Cézanne’s promise to tell us the truth in painting, we consider the origins of truth in art for the philosophy of Merleau-Ponty. We discover that truth in perception, in life, and incarnate existence, as in art, originates from bodily movement. Similar to Heidegger’s argument in “The Origin of the Work of Art,” a truth happens between the work and painter, between the work and viewer, and is not limited to the domain of language, but words and symbols mix together with colors and forms, as in the paintings of Klee. Similar to Husserl’s argument in “The Origin of Geometry,” the originary sense of art, like geometry, is an interweaving (Verflechtung) of world, intersubjectivity, speech, and writing that achieves a more “militant” (powerful) truth than mere logical propositions. Truth is marked by its endurance, mobility, agility, subtlety, and depth. These interweavings mean there is no single origin of truth in art and life but a plurality of origins in movement, pleasures, and desires for the becoming of creation.
Stephen Miller on Capitalism in the Old Regime: A Response
Authors: Heller Henry 
Published: February 2014

AbstractStephen Miller attempts to confute the idea that capitalist accumulation characterised the agriculture of the Île-de-France prior to the Revolution. Instead he tries to assimilate the agriculture of the north into theAnnalesmodel of neo-Malthusian agricultural cycles and Chayanovian subsistence economy which is supposedly characteristic of the Midi. I argue instead that the notion of a northern capitalist agriculture is rooted not only in the extensive modern research of Moriceau but in the political-economic writings of Turgot and Marx which have been largely ignored. Accumulation in the sense of the growth of fixed and variable capital and emerging technological progress characterised northern agriculture. The persistence of small producers which Miller sees as an index of unchanging stasis might better be investigated in terms of the evolution over time of a reservoir of wage labour for larger-scale enterprises as pointed out by Kautsky.
Hubert Harrison: The Voice of Harlem Radicalism, 1883–1918, Jeffrey B. Perry, New York: Columbia University Press, 2009
Authors: Heideman Paul M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractJeffrey B. Perry’s biography of Hubert Harrison restores the legacy of a central figure in the history of Black radicalism. Though largely forgotten today, Harrison was acknowledged by his early-twentieth-century peers as ‘the father of Harlem radicalism’. Author of pioneering analyses of white supremacy’s role in American capitalism, proponent of armed self-defence among African-Americans, and anti-colonial intellectual, Harrison played a central role in the development of Black politics in the United States. This review traces Harrison’s journey from socialist organiser to Black nationalist, considering its implications for the history of American radicalism.
Post-Coup Honduras: Latin America’s Corridor of Reaction
Authors: Gordon Todd , Webber Jeffery R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article offers an historical-materialist account of the coup in Honduras on 28 June 2009, which ousted democratically elected President Manuel Zelaya. It draws on over two dozen interviews with members of theFrente Nacional de la Resistencia Popular[National Front of Popular Resistance, FNRP], and participation in numerous marches and assemblies over two periods of fieldwork – January 2010, and June–July 2011. The paper steps back in time to provide an historical cartography of the basic material structures of the Honduran economy and its integration into the world market, as well as the geopolitical role it played as a launching pad for Ronald Reagan’s counter-insurgency campaigns against guerrilla forces elsewhere in the region during the 1980s. We show how the defeat of mass guerrilla insurgencies in Guatemala and El Salvador, as well as the triumph over the Sandinista government in Nicaragua by 1990, allowed for the neoliberal pacification of Central America as a whole, including Honduras. We further demonstrate how the centre-leftist Manuel Zelaya, elected to the Honduran presidency in 2006, modestly encroached upon neoliberal orthodoxy and forged geopolitical alliances with left and centre-left governments elsewhere in the region, laying the bases for his violent overthrow. Finally, the paper traces the origins, trajectory, and heterogeneity of the resistance that emerged almost immediately after the coup had been carried out.
On Departing Empire: A Mission of the Church in the Caribbean
Authors: Taylor Burchell 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe church partnered colonial powers in the establishment and maintenance of empire in the Caribbean: this article reminds readers of these realities before exploring some implications for the mission of the church today. The article argues that the church has a role to play in giving spiritual and moral leadership in the complex process of departing empire; it also offers observations on the challenge to the church to stand firm in its emancipatory commitment to move beyond empire, not least by developing new modes of self-expression and counter-discourse. In the article, particular reference is made to responsibilities facing the Caribbean Council of Churches.
Moral Dis-ease Making Jamaica Ill? Re-engaging the Conversation on Morality
Authors: Perkins Anna Kasafi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractUsing the image of disease, this article argues that the moral misconduct of individual Jamaicans is symptomatic of a larger societal disease, which is making all of us ill to lesser or greater extents. The claim is that Jamaica and Jamaicans are suffering from an ailment in the country’s moral system that has affected all other functioning systems in the nation’s body politic: political, corporate, social, spiritual and personal. The article is a condensed version of the 2013 Grace Kennedy Foundation lecture.1 It takes as a launch pad the Reverend Dr Burchell Taylor’s 1992 Grace Kennedy Foundation lecture, entitled ‘Free for All? A Question of Morality and Community’, and it attempts to diagnose further the nature and meaning of moral deterioration in Jamaican society.
Turning Oppression into Challenges: Women in Badriyya l-Bišr’s Hind wa-l-ʿaskar
Authors: Dhahir Sanna 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Saudi novelist Badriyya l-Bišr, a well-known advocate for women’s rights in her country, uses her novel Hind wa-l-ʿaskar1 (Hind and the Soldiers) to trace the growth and the struggle of a young woman in a rigid, conventional society. As the novel’s title suggests, the female protagonist, Hind, finds herself in a situation of war at different stages in her life—war against various forces that deny her self-expression and jeopardize her happiness as a human being. Yet the novel is not just a series of complaints about the grievances experienced by women in Saudi Arabia; it focuses in the main on women’s potential and their power to use their judgment and arm themselves with all the weapons available to them in order to overcome oppression and marginalization.
Eating Figs and Pomegranates: Taboos and Language in the Thousand and One Nights
Authors: Naaman Erez 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article explores the link between taboo and language in the Thousand and One Nights, focusing on the two central taboo realms of sex and the sacred. The various approaches to the tabooed found in the Nights, qua folk literature adapted by literate editors, are addressed. The fact that this work was not part of the literary canon and not bound by its conventions is shown to set it apart from canonical works, when it comes to certain taboos. The influence of Arabic written culture on the expression of the tabooed in the Nights is demonstrated as well. Because of the circumstances and history of its composition, the Nights has a polyphonic and heteroglot nature. It, therefore, displays diversity and inconsistency when taboo concepts find expression in language as euphemisms, orthophemisms, dysphemisms, and dysphemistic euphemisms. As a result, it is wrong to classify the Nights as an essentially obscene work, as have nineteenth century Orientalists and contemporary Islamic “fundamentalists.” This gross classification has had significant practical consequences beyond the realm of literary debate. It is unwarranted, furthermore, in view of the fact that sexually implicit and explicit speech are both attested in this work, which represents a variety of world views and attitudes towards the tabooed.
The Many Lives of Arabic Verse: Ibn Nubātah al-Miṣrī Mourns More Than Once
Authors: Talib Adam 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Ibn Nubātah’s printed Dīwān is an unreliable source that has led scholars to draw erroneous conclusions, among them the suggestion that we can perceive a difference in Ibn Nubātah’s treatment of his wife’s death and that of his concubine (jāriyah). In fact, the poems on which these conclusions are based were written for the same woman. Equally problematic for scholarship is the existence of poems that occur in multiple versions. This article treats the case of Ibn Nubātah al-Miṣrī’s (686-768/1287-1366) parallel mourning, and includes a critical edition of the texts under discussion based on more than ten manuscript copies of the poet’s Dīwān. It proposes that Ibn Nubātah’s opportunistic mourning is an efficient metaphor for the status of polyontic poetry (i.e. poems which occur in different versions in different contexts) in scholarship. In most cases, the longest version of a poem is granted the status of poetic original while all other instances of a poem, including those that appear in anthologies, are often treated as subsidiary. I argue that if we can learn to tolerate multiple instances of mannered mourning, we ought to be able to read polyontic poems in parallel.
The Aerial Battle in the Toledot Yeshu and Sodomy in the Late Middle Ages
Authors: Karras Ruth Mazo 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Thomas Ebendorfer’s fifteenth-century Latin translation of a Hebrew Toledot Yeshu text is the earliest extant Latin version to include a full narrative from the birth of Jesus to the events following the crucifixion, and predates existing Hebrew versions. After reviewing the place of Ebendorfer’s work in the textual tradition of the Toledot, the article examines carefully the work’s account of the aerial battle between Jesus and Judas, in comparison to other versions. Ebendorfer includes the detail of sexual intercourse between the two, which is absent in many later versions. In the context of a discussion of Christian and Jewish attitudes toward male–male sexual activity in the Middle Ages, the article concludes that while this detail was in Ebendorfer’s exemplar, he could have elaborated on it in a way that indicates this was a particularly Christian concern.
Table Dancing in an Opium Den: Marx’s Conjuration of Criticism out of “Criticism of Religion” in 1844
Authors: Geller Jay 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article re-examines criticism-of-religion in Marx’s “A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right. Introduction” and its role in his development of historical materialist criticism in the wake of Derrida’s attempted revaluation of the identification of religion with ideology in Marx’s later writings. It first focuses upon Marx’s appropriation and use of Feuerbach’s criticism of religion in “Contribution” and the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts. Then it situates “Contribution” ’s famous apothegm, religion “is the opium of the people,” in relation to Marx’s subsequent writings on the “Celestial Empire” China and in the context of opium’s multiple contemporary significations. Marx’s understandings of religion and its critique are thus seen to well exceed the assumed limitation of the latter’s purview to ideology criticism and the conventional characterizations of the former as false consciousness, ineffectual protest, and/or depoliticizing consolation. Marx’s criticism-of-religion is shown to exemplify what he calls “irreligious criticism.”
The Ecology of Threat Detection and Precautionary Response from the Perspectives of Evolutionary Psychology, Cognitive Science and Historiography: The Case of the Roman Cults of Mithras
Authors: Martin Luther H. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract“Cognitive historiography” employs the cognitive sciences, and their frame of evolutionary theory, to help explicate the complexities of historical data. Employing evidence for an evolved “hazard protection system” amongHomosapiens, Martin argues that religion is a “natural security system” for detecting signs of potential danger in the environment and for developing precautionary responses to them, especially through ritual. He supports this argument with the historical example of Roman Mithraism. In face of a generalized anxiety, specifically evoked by a Hellenistic horror in face of socio-political and cosmic vastness, he shows that the Mithraic ritual system offered initiates both a predictably structured communal context, which provided an alternative to the socio-political perplexities of empire, as well as a comprehensible, cognitively mapped world, which afforded an alternative to the incomprehensible expanse of the cosmos consequent upon the Ptolematic revolution.
False Lives, False Martyrs: “Pseudo-Pionius” and the Redating of the Martyrdom of Polycarp
Authors: Hoover Jesse 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The final form of the Martyrdom of Polycarp has often been dated to the late fourth century on the basis of an alleged link between the “Pionius” who edited its final colophon and the anonymous author of a clearly apocryphal Life of Polycarp. In this article, I argue that the correlation between these two texts is problematic at best and should be discarded in light of recent scholarship. To replace this outdated construct, I submit that the variant Moscow colophon manuscript tradition, generally considered the latest edition of the text, betrays traces of an earlier polemical milieu that may allow us to redate the colophon to the third or early fourth century.
“Jerome and Paulinian, Brothers”
Authors: Kim Young Richard 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article considers the relationship between Jerome and his much younger brother Paulinian, who unfortunately did not write anything that has survived. Nevertheless, through Jerome’s testimony we can extrapolate details of Paulinian’s life, and we can surmise certain aspects about their relationship. The older sibling was a prolific author who was famously involved in very public disputes in the late fourth century, while the younger, it seemed, was content to pursue the monastic life in relative anonymity. However, because of Paulinian’s close relationship and proximity to his brother, he became deeply involved in the so-called Origenist Controversy of the late fourth century, especially because of his improper ordination at the hands of Epiphanius of Cyprus.
The Discovery and Interpretation of the Flavia Sophe Inscription: New Results
Authors: Snyder H. Gregory 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
New archival material relating to the discovery of the Flavia Sophe inscription is presented and arguments made that the inscription was discovered in situ. Careful attention to the epigraphical, palaeographical, and metrical aspects of the poem, as well as its use of nuptial imagery lead to new proposals for reconstructions. Arguments for a date in the second century are re-examined and strengthened. The language of the inscription is placed within the context of other Greek funeral epigrams to show that the writer of the epigram was well aware of the conventions Hellenistic funeral poetry and that the poem artfully subverts many of these conventions. And finally, I claim that for this group of Christians, the “bridal chamber ritual” should be understood as a mortuary rite.
Marcellus of Ancyra and Priscillian of Avila: Their Theologies and Creeds
Authors: Toom Tarmo 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article studies the two earliest witnesses to the Apostles’ Creed which have often been regarded with suspicion because they were written by “heretical” bishop-theologians Marcellus of Ancyra and Priscillian of Avila. Assessing the thought of Marcellus and Priscillian in the light of their authentic treatises, it is contended that their respective understandings of Trinitarian theology cannot be identified with modalist monarchianism. Consequently, their creeds should not be regarded as smoke screen for their allegedly deviant doctrines. Rather, these should be regarded as the first extant evidence for the declaratory Apostles’ Creed.
Spirituality and Extraordinary Experiences: Methodological Remarks and Some Empirical Findings
Authors: Mayer Gerhard A. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article is based on empirical data gathered in two qualitative field studies of contemporary Western shamans and practising magicians (occultists) in German speaking countries. It emphasizes the importance of extraordinary experiences in the adoption of heterodox worldviews. The findings indicate that such experiences play a decisive role in the adoption of religious and/or spiritual beliefs as well as in individual conceptualization of spirituality. Some methodological considerations in the investigation of extraordinary experiences and their relation to assumed paranormal phenomena are mentioned. A particular problem is that these experiences often seem to contradict the orthodox, commonly accepted scientific worldview. Thus researchers who want to collect information about religious beliefs and spiritual experiences have to allow for participants’ possible fear of stigmatization. An empirical phenomenological approach, following the principle of openness (Hoffmann-Riehm) and the method of grounded theory (Glaser & Strauss), seems apposite. In addition to the aforementioned methodological issues the article presents data on aspects of the lived spirituality of contemporary shamans and practising magicians as an example of secondary analysis of interview data.
Holiday Instead of Holy Day? A Qualitative Inquiry on the Spiritual Quality of People’s Activities on Sunday
Authors: Riegel Ulrich 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDaily routine on Sunday is changing. Formerly a day of religious contemplation, Sunday seems to be a day of rest within the family. Does this change in activities done on a typical Sunday imply an end of spiritual quality? To answer this question this paper conceptualizes spirituality as experience of connectedness to some greater reality which is regarded as important and meaningful. Four options are possible concerning this greater reality: a transcendent reality, nature or cosmos, mankind, or the individual’s self. The data has been collected by semi-structured interview and analyzed by qualitative content analysis. 148 individuals did take part in these interviews (57% females, age range: 7 to 59; 64% Catholics and 22% Protestants). The findings point at Sunday spent with family. Further on we could identify activities representing all four types of spirituality. Together these examples point at the conclusion that Sunday still is a special day within the week. Its activities offer spiritual quality, but it is the individual to reassure it.
Spiritual Experiences: A Quantitative-Phenomenological Approach
Authors: Wildman Wesley J. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This essay concerns the specific benefits for empirical theology of hybrid quantitative-phenomenological approaches to the scientific study of spiritual experiences. These benefits are conveyed through the consideration of several quantitative techniques newly emerging at the current time. One such technique is the generation of multi-dimensional profiles of individual spirituality, which helps manage the semantic vagueness surrounding the word “spirituality” and thereby yields empirically more robust constructs for use in scientific research studies. Another technique is the creation of quantitative phenomenological signatures of recalled spiritual experiences that penetrate as deeply as possible into the neuropsychological hierarchy of structures, subject to what can be made accessible to human conscious awareness. By hewing close to the shared biological nature of our species’ emotional and cognitive capacities, this type of quantitative phenomenology generates a number of breakthroughs in the scientific study of spiritual experiences. These breakthroughs apply to areas such as developing neuropsychological models of spiritual experiences, studying spiritual experiences cross-culturally, stabilizing descriptive classifications of spiritual experiences, and rendering more exact the experimental study of spiritual experiences. For theologians, there can be no question of the scientific study of spiritual experiences proving or disproving extant theological interpretations. Rather, the theological payoff of quantifying spirituality is the generation of constraints that can render characteristically normative theological interpretations more and less plausible. This underlines the fundamental contention of this essay: that empirical theology requires a partnership in which the importance of distinctively theological questions is respected and the value of empirically derived constraints is prized.