bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eliciting Consumer Preferences for Certified Animal‐Friendly Foods: Can Elements of the Theory of Planned Behavior Improve Choice Experiment Analysis?
Authors: Nocella Giuseppe , Boecker Andreas , Hubbard Lionel , Scarpa Riccardo 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTModels used in neoclassical economics assume human behavior to be purely rational. On the other hand, models adopted in social and behavioral psychology are founded on the “black box” of human cognition. In view of these observations, this paper aims at bridging this gap by introducing psychological constructs in the well‐established microeconomic framework of choice behavior based on random utility theory. In particular, it combines constructs developed employing Ajzen's theory of planned behavior with Lancaster's theory of consumer demand for product characteristics to explain stated preferences over certified animal‐friendly foods (AFF). To reach this objective, a Web survey was administered in the largest five EU‐25 countries: France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Findings identify some salient cross‐cultural differences between northern and southern Europe and suggest that psychological constructs developed using the Ajzen model are useful in explaining heterogeneity of preferences. Implications for policymakers and marketers involved with certified AFF are discussed.
Influence of symmetry/asymmetry of the nanoparticles structure on the thermal stability of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane/polystyrene nanocomposites
Authors: Blanco Ignazio , Bottino Francesco Agatino , Bottino Paola 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe thermal degradation of two polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane/polystyrene (POSS/PS) nanocomposites of formula R8(SiO1.5)8 POSS/PS and R′1R7(SiO1.5)8 POSS/PS (where R′ = Phenyl and R = Cyclopentyl), at 5% of POSS concentration, was studied in both inert (flowing nitrogen) and oxidative (static air) atmospheres. Compounds were prepared by the polymerization of styrene in the presence of POSS. Degradations were carried out into a thermobalance, in the scanning mode, at various heating rates, and the obtained thermogravimetric (TG) curves were discussed and interpreted. The initial decomposition temperature (Ti), the temperature at 5% mass loss (T5%), the glass transition temperature (Tg), and the activation energy (Ea) of degradation of nanocomposites were determined and compared with each other and with those of unfilled PS. The Ti, T5%, and degradation Ea values of nanocomposites were higher than those of neat PS, thus indicating a better heat resistance and lower degradation rate, and then a better overall thermal stability. The use of POSS with a symmetric structure, in the synthesis of PS based nanocomposite, showed a decrease of Tg value not only in respect to asymmetric POSS/PS nanocomposite but also in respect to neat polymer, thus suggesting an influence of filler structure in the thermal properties of the materials. POLYM. COMPOS., 33:1903–1910, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Ion‐Beam Induced Surface Roughening of Poly‐(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) Tuned by a Mixture of Ar and O2 Ions
Authors: Dai Wei , Ko Tae‐Jun , Oh Kyu Hwan , Lee Kwang‐Ryeol , Moon Myoung‐Woon 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe evolution of ion‐beam induced surface roughening of PMMA was investigated using an anode‐layer ion beam source with O2, Ar, and their mixture. Use of the O2 ion beam created rough granular patterns on the surface of PMMA because O2 ions could break the CC backbone and subsequently combine with the broken C bonds, resulting in local cross‐linking and aggregation. However, the Ar ion beam tended to reduce the surface roughness due to the decomposition of the oxygen‐containing ester groups (OCH3 and OCO) and the increase of an overall cross‐linking of the amorphous carbon layer, which played a role in etch resistance and suppression of polymer mobility as well as aggregation on the modified PMMA surface. By varying the ratio of Ar over O2, the surface morphology of PMMA was modified to exhibit features ranging from granular roughness to crater‐like features. magnified image
Origin of family symmetries
Authors: Nilles H.P. , Ratz M. , Vaudrevange P.K.S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDiscrete (family) symmetries might play an important role in models of elementary particle physics. We discuss the origin of such symmetries in the framework of consistent ultraviolet completions of the standard model in field and string theory. The symmetries can arise due to special geometrical properties of extra compact dimensions and the localization of fields in this geometrical landscape. We also comment on anomaly constraints for discrete symmetries.
Six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 is down‐regulated by sex hormones in prostate cells
Authors: Gomes Inês M , Santos Cecília R , Socorro Sílvia , Maia Cláudio J 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDSTEAP1 is over‐expressed in several types of tumors, especially prostate cancer, where it is localized in the plasma membrane of epithelial cells, at cell–cell junctions. Its role in prostate carcinogenesis and its regulation in prostate cells remain unknown. Therefore, we propose to study the effect of sex hormones in the regulation of STEAP1 expression in prostate cells in vitro and in vivo.METHODSLNCaP prostate cells were incubated with fetal bovine serum (FBS), charcoal‐stripped FBS (CS‐FBS), 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and 17β‐estradiol (E2) for different periods of stimulation. In addition, adult male Wistar rats were castrated and treated with DHT and E2. The levels of STEAP1 in response to treatments were analyzed by real‐time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry.RESULTSThe treatment of LNCaP cells with DHT or E2 induces a down‐regulation of STEAP1 expression, while incubation with CS‐FBS has the opposite effect. Experiments using inhibitors of androgen and estrogen receptor (AR and ER) showed that down‐regulation of STEAP1 is AR‐dependent, but ER‐independent. However, the mediation of six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1) expression by AR seems to be dependent of de novo protein synthesis. In vivo studies showed that castrated rats express higher levels of STEAP1 protein when compared to intact rats, an effect reversed by DHT or E2 replacement.CONCLUSIONSSTEAP1 is down‐regulated by DHT and E2 in LNCaP cells and in rat prostate. Prostate 73: 605–613, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wave‐cloud lines over northwest Australia
Authors: Birch Cathryn E. , Reeder Michael J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe frequency of occurrence and formation mechanisms of wave‐cloud lines off the northwest coast of Australia are investigated. Prior to the present study, little was known about these wave‐cloud lines. Apart from being spectacular atmospheric phenomenon in their own right, these wave clouds can have a role in the secondary initiation of convection and can be a hazard to low‐flying aircraft. A climatology of wave clouds, produced from visible satellite imagery, suggests two main types of cloud lines form over northwest Australia. The first are bore‐like waves, similar in structure to the ‘morning glory’ of northeast Australia, and occur at least 2 to 3 times per month throughout the entire year. The second type are convectively generated cloud lines, which are more circular in shape, appear to originate from convective storms and occur at least 0.5 to 1.5 times per month during the wet season. High‐resolution, nested simulations are performed with the Met Office Unified Model for case‐studies of each type of wave. The bore‐like waves occurred in the presence of synoptic‐scale, low‐level southeasterly flow and a heat low along the northwest coast of Australia. At night, the offshore southeasterlies accelerate into the heat low and collide with the onshore sea breeze. The southeasterlies override the sea breeze and the wave‐cloud lines form at the leading edge of this front. The convectively generated waves radiate outwards from the convective storms producing compensating subsidence and adiabatic warming. These waves take the form of n=2 mode wave fronts, which span the entire depth of the troposphere and are similar in structure to waves produced by deep convection which are described in previous studies.
A multilevel study on trends in Malaysian secondary school students' science achievement and associated school and student predictors
Authors: Mohammadpour Ebrahim 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article aims to investigate variations in science achievement for secondary school students across the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) assessments and to examine the relations of several student‐ and school‐level factors with achievement. The data were obtained from 5,577, 5,314, and 4,466 Malaysian eighth graders who participated in TIMSS 1999, 2003, and 2007, respectively. A two‐level multilevel modeling technique was employed. The results indicate that 48.64%, 48.96%, and 60.95% of variance in achievement scores accounted for between‐school differences in the 1999, 2003, and 2007 studies, correspondingly. After controlling for the school‐level factors, gender followed by the science self‐concept in both the 1999 and 2003 studies; time spent on working at home and valuing science in the 2007 study, yielded the strongest link to achievement. At the same time, controlling for the student‐level factors, school location, instructional limitations, and teacher emphasis on homework had the strongest association with achievement, respectively, in all three studies. It was concluded that the variation in science achievement at both student and school levels was greatly increased in TIMSS 2007 compared to the two previous studies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 96: 1013–1046, 2012
“Balancing acts'': Elementary school girls' negotiations of femininity, achievement, and science
Authors: Archer Louise , DeWitt Jennifer , Osborne Jonathan , Dillon Justin , Willis Beatrice , Wong Billy 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThere is international concern over persistent low rates of participation in postcompulsory science—especially the physical sciences—within which there is a notable underrepresentation of girls/women. This paper draws on data collected from a survey of more than 9,000 10/11‐year‐old pupils and 170 interviews (with 92 children and 78 parents) from a 5‐year study of children's science aspirations and career choice in England, to explore how gender interacts with girls' science aspirations. The research found that even though most children aged 10/11 years enjoy science, the majority already see science careers as “not for me.” Using a feminist poststructuralist theoretical lens, this paper explores the identity work undertaken by the minority of girls who do identify with science and who express science aspirations at this age. It is argued that dominant associations of science with “cleverness” and masculinity pressurize girls to balance their science aspirations with performances of popular heterofemininity to render them “thinkable” (and that this occurs only within narrow parameters, through identity performances as either “feminine scientists” or “bluestocking scientists”). The paper concludes by discussing potential challenges girls may face in sustaining “thinkable” identifications with science and wider implications for encouraging greater female participation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 96: 967–989, 2012
Comments on IMBAS: identity‐based multi‐user broadcast authentication in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Chien Hung‐Yu , Lee Chin‐I , Wu Tzong‐Chen 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTIn 2008, Cao et al. proposed an identity‐based multi‐user broadcast authentication scheme (called IMBAS) for wireless sensor networks. The IMBAS consists of one elliptic curve‐based signature scheme, called variant of Bellare‐Namprempre‐Neven' Identity‐Based Signature (vBNN‐IBS), for user broadcast authentication; a new Schnorr signature with partial message recovery for sink broadcast authentication; and a password‐based private key protection to eliminate the threat caused by possible user device compromise. Compared with its counterparts, IMBAS owns better performance in terms of security, scalability, and efficiency. Unfortunately, this letter will show that (1) the password‐based protection scheme and the vBNN‐IBS scheme are not secure—a compromised user device will disclose the user private key—and (2) the new Schnorr signature with partial message recovery is vulnerable to existential forgery attack. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of Rhenium‐Doped MoS2 Nanoparticles with Fullerene‐Like Structure
Authors: Yadgarov Lena , Stroppa Daniel G. , Rosentsveig Rita , Ron Racheli , Enyashin Andrey N. , Houben Lothar , Tenne Reshef 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of rhenium‐doped fullerene‐like MoS2 nanoparticles (Re:IF‐MoS2) is described. Careful inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis reveals that the concentration of the rhenium atoms in the IF‐MoS2 lattice is more than 10‐fold smaller than the weighted amount of this atom in the precursor powder. High resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy in high angle annular dark field mode is used to decipher the isolated rhenium atoms in the MoS2 lattice and confirm that these atoms substitute for molybdenum atoms. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that, in contrast to the undoped nanoparticles which tend to agglomerate, the Re:IF‐MoS2 nanoparticles self‐assemble on substrate surfaces forming an ordered tessellated monolayer. Theoretical quantum‐chemical calculations show that the Re level is some 180 meV below the conduction band. Furthermore, the rhenium electrons are fairly localized in the MoS2 lattice. At a higher concentration the rhenium atoms form a mini‐band below the conduction band which coincides with the Fermi level of the lattice.
Formulation and Evaluation of an Automatic Dishwashing Detergent Containing T1 Lipase
Authors: Rahman Izuddin Abdul , Rahman Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abdul , Salleh Abu Bakar , Basri Mahiran 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe use of enzymes in detergent formulations is becoming popular due to the concerns about the environment. T1 lipase (E.C. 3.1.1.3) was evaluated for its stability and performance in dishwashing along with other common components of an automatic dishwashing detergent. Therefore, the process of formulating the detergent would depend on the stability of T1 lipase, which may also reflect the performance during the washing. T1 lipase was mostly stable in nonionic surfactants, especially those that were made of polyhydric alcohols. T1 lipase was also stable in a mixture of sodium carbonate and glycine. However, sodium carbonate alone destabilized T1 lipase possibly due to the interaction between carbonates and Ca2+. These results indicated that polyhydric alcohols and glycine had stabilizing effects on T1 lipase. The dishwashing performance was evaluated in term of percent soil removed. The dishwashing performance of the formulated detergent was positively affected by the increase in temperature but negatively affected by the presence of hard water, specifically Ca2+ and Mg2+. However, T1 lipase was not negatively affected by the presence of hard water, and this enzyme was enhanced by the presence of polyacrylates. The presence of Ca2+ improved the structural integrity of T1 lipase. It is generally known that most enzymes that depend on Ca2+ for their structural integrity would be greatly destabilized in the presence of metal chelators; thus, stabilizing strategies such as adding glycine would be essential to maintain enzyme activity during the wash.
Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in Swiss teenagers with appendicular fractures: A prospective study of 100 cases
Authors: Ceroni Dimitri , Anderson de la Llana Rebecca , Martin Xavier , Lamah Léopold , De Coulon Geraldo , Turcot Katia , Dubois-Ferrière Victor 
Published: October 2012

Background The significance of subclinical vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of fractures in children and adolescents currently remains unclear. Objective We aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and its effect on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) values in a collective of Swiss Caucasian children with a first episode of appendicular fracture. Design and methods One hundred teenagers with a first episode of appendicular fracture [50 upper limb fractures (group 1) and 50 lower limb fractures (group 2)] and 50 healthy controls (group 3) were recruited into a cross-sectional study. The BMC and BMD values were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was assessed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Results From the 100 injured teenagers in the study, 12 % had deficient vitamin D levels (<20 ng/mL; <50 nmol/L) and 36 % had insufficient levels (≥20 <30 ng/mL; ≥50 <78 nmol/L), whereas 6 and 34 % of healthy controls were, respectively, vitamin D deficient and insufficient. There were no significant differences for serum 25(OH)D levels, L2–L4 BMD Z-score, and L2–L4 BMC Z-score variables ( p = 0.216) between the three groups nor for the calcaneal BMD Z-score variables ( p = 0.278) between healthy controls and lower limb fracture victims. Investigations on the influences of serum 25(OH)D on BMD and BMC showed no correlation between serum 25(OH)D and L2–L4 BMD Z-scores ( r = −0.15; p = 0.135), whereas low but significant inverse correlations were, surprisingly, detected between serum 25(OH)D and calcaneal BMD Z-scores ( r = −0.21; p = 0.034) and between serum 25(OH)D and L2–L4 BMC Z-scores ( r = −0.22; p = 0.029). Conclusions A significant proportion of Swiss Caucasian teenagers were vitamin D insufficient, independent of limb fracture status, in our study. However, this study failed to show an influence of low vitamin D status on BMD and/or BMC of the lumbar spine and heel.
Spectral analysis of the transition to turbulence from a dipole in stratified fluid
Authors: Augier Pierre , Chomaz Jean-Marc , Billant Paul 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe investigate the spectral properties of the turbulence generated during the nonlinear evolution of a Lamb–Chaplygin dipole in a stratified fluid for a high Reynolds number $Re= 28\hspace{0.167em} 000$ and a wide range of horizontal Froude number ${F}_{h} \in [0. 0225~0. 135] $ and buoyancy Reynolds number $\mathscr{R}= Re{{F}_{h} }^{2} \in [14~510] $. The numerical simulations use a weak hyperviscosity and are therefore almost direct numerical simulations (DNS). After the nonlinear development of the zigzag instability, both shear and gravitational instabilities develop and lead to a transition to small scales. A spectral analysis shows that this transition is dominated by two kinds of transfer: first, the shear instability induces a direct non-local transfer toward horizontal wavelengths of the order of the buoyancy scale ${L}_{b} = U/ N$, where $U$ is the characteristic horizontal velocity of the dipole and $N$ the Brunt–Väisälä frequency; second, the destabilization of the Kelvin–Helmholtz billows and the gravitational instability lead to small-scale weakly stratified turbulence. The horizontal spectrum of kinetic energy exhibits a ${{\varepsilon }_{K} }^{2/ 3} { k}_{h}^{\ensuremath{-} 5/ 3} $ power law (where ${k}_{h} $ is the horizontal wavenumber and ${\varepsilon }_{K} $ is the dissipation rate of kinetic energy) from ${k}_{b} = 2\lrm{\pi} / {L}_{b} $ to the dissipative scales, with an energy deficit between the integral scale and ${k}_{b} $ and an excess around ${k}_{b} $. The vertical spectrum of kinetic energy can be expressed as $E({k}_{z} )= {C}_{N} {N}^{2} { k}_{z}^{\ensuremath{-} 3} + C{{\varepsilon }_{K} }^{2/ 3} { k}_{z}^{\ensuremath{-} 5/ 3} $ where ${C}_{N} $ and $C$ are two constants of order unity and ${k}_{z} $ is the vertical wavenumber. It is therefore very steep near the buoyancy scale with an ${N}^{2} { k}_{z}^{\ensuremath{-} 3} $ shape and approaches the ${{\varepsilon }_{K} }^{2/ 3} { k}_{z}^{\ensuremath{-} 5/ 3} $ spectrum for ${k}_{z} \gt {k}_{o} $, ${k}_{o} $ being the Ozmidov wavenumber, which is the cross-over between the two scaling laws. A decomposition of the vertical spectra depending on the horizontal wavenumber value shows that the ${N}^{2} { k}_{z}^{\ensuremath{-} 3} $ spectrum is associated with large horizontal scales $\vert {\mathbi{k}}_{h} \vert \lt {k}_{b} $ and the ${{\varepsilon }_{K} }^{2/ 3} { k}_{z}^{\ensuremath{-} 5/ 3} $ spectrum with the scales $\vert {\mathbi{k}}_{h} \vert \gt {k}_{b} $.
Infection levels of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Koinari M. , Karl S. , Ryan U. , Lymbery A.J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractGastrointestinal parasites of livestock cause diseases of important socio-economic concern worldwide. The present study investigated the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats in lowland and highland regions of Papua New Guinea (PNG). Faecal samples were collected from a total of 165 small ruminants (110 sheep and 55 goats) from February to April 2011. Analysis by a modified McMaster technique revealed that 128 animals (72% of sheep and 89% of goats) were infected with one or more species of gastrointestinal parasites. The gastrointestinal parasites found and their prevalences in sheep (S) and in goats (G) were as follows: strongyle 67.3% (S), 85.5% (G);Eimeria17.3% (S), 16.4% (G);Strongyloides, 8.2% (S), 23.6% (G);Fasciola, 5.5% (S), 18.2% (G);Trichuris, 1.8% (S), 3.6% (G); andNematodirus, 1.8% (S), 3.6% (G). Two additional genera were found in goats:Moniezia(9.1%) andDictocaulus(3.6%). This is the first study to quantitatively examine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats in PNG. The high rates of parasitism observed in the present study are likely to be associated with poor farming management practices, including lack of pasture recovery time, lack of parasite control measures and poor-quality feed.
Neuroendocrine differentiation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Schartinger V H , Falkeis C , Laimer K , Sprinzl G M , Riechelmann H , Rasse M , Virgolini I , Dudás J 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjective:Tumours with neuroendocrine differentiation frequently express chromogranin A, synaptophysin and somatostatin receptors. The role of neuroendocrine differentiation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is not yet clear.Method:The presence of chromogranin A, synaptophysin and somatostatin receptors was studied immunohistochemically in 78 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma specimens.Results:Sparse chromogranin A expression was found in 41 per cent, associated with high chromogranin A messenger RNA expression and the presence of dense core granules. Low synaptophysin expression was found in 18 per cent. The highest staining scores were found for somatostatin receptor 5 (82 per cent), followed by somatostatin receptor 1 (69 per cent) and somatostatin receptor 2 (54 per cent), whereas somatostatin receptors 3 and 4 expression was low. Expression was not correlated with tumour stage or survival.Conclusion:Cells with neuroendocrine differentiation are sparsely scattered in some head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Their pathophysiological role is elusive. In contrast, somatostatin receptor and particularly somatostatin receptor 5 expression is frequent in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Somatostatin receptor expression is not considered to indicate neuroendocrine differentiation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.