bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining a Safe Corridor for Transcondylar Screw Insertion Across the Canine Humeral Condyle: A Comparison of Medial and Lateral Surgical Approaches
Authors: Barnes Duncan M. , Morris Andy P. , Anderson Angus A. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo (1) develop guidelines for the location of drill entry and exit points when inserting a transcondylar screw across the canine humerus; (2) compare the safe corridor for transcondylar screw insertion when drilling medial‐to‐lateral with drilling lateral‐to‐medial.Study DesignAnatomic study.AnimalsDogs (n = 43).MethodsThe optimum position of a transcondylar screw in 84 elbows was determined using CT multiplanar reconstructions. The positions of drill entry and exit points were defined relative to the epicondyles. Differences in elbow size were accounted for by dividing the measurements by the humeral condylar diameter (HCD), to give normalized measurements. Mean values of normalized measurements were used to develop universal guidelines for the location of drill entry and exit points. These guidelines were then applied to the 84 elbow CT reconstructions. The size of the safe corridor around this calculated drill line was determined, and expressed as tolerance angles in the frontal and transverse planes. The size of the safe corridors for medial‐to‐lateral and lateral‐to‐medial drilling were compared.ResultsThe lateral entry/exit point was 0.3 × HCD cranial and 0.3 × HCD distal to the lateral epicondyle. The medial entry/exit point was 0.3 × HCD cranial and 0.2 × HCD distal to the medial epicondyle. Using these guidelines resulted in safe virtual screw placement in all 84 elbows. The tolerance angle in the frontal plane was significantly smaller when drilling medial‐to‐lateral compared with drilling lateral‐to‐medial (P < .001).ConclusionsMedial‐to‐lateral drilling for transcondylar screw placement carries a higher risk of inadvertently penetrating the joint compared with lateral‐to‐medial drilling.
Group‐based guilt and reparation in the context of social change
Authors: Dumont Kitty , Waldzus Sven 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article examines how the consequences of group‐based guilt depend on the perceptions of social change of the former perpetrator group. Informed by the Social Identity Theory and research on intergroup threat and help, the hypothesis was proposed that reparation intentions toward members of a victim group as the consequence of group‐based guilt is moderated by the perceptions of changes of the status position of the in‐group. Two correlational studies tested the assumption among whites in the context of post‐apartheid South Africa. As predicted, the results of both studies show that the strength of the positive relationship between group‐based guilt and reparation intentions decreases the more people perceive the loss of status for their in‐group.
Virulence Structure of the Powdery Mildew (Blumeria graminis) Population Occurring on Triticale (x Triticosecale) in Poland
Authors: Czembor Henryk J. , Domeradzka Olga , Czembor Jerzy H. , Mańkowski Dariusz R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPowdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis is an important disease of cereals in many production regions. Until end of the last century triticale had been regarded as a species characterized by high level of resistance for this disease. However, after several years of intensive production on a big area in Poland, Germany and other European countries it start to be susceptible for many pathogens including B. graminis. Because of this, virulence structure of this pathogen population on triticale in Poland was evaluated across 2008–2010. Leaf samples with symptoms of the powdery mildew disease were collected randomly from nineteen localities. As a total, 1402 B. graminis isolates were collected: 23–25 isolates per locality in each year. Standard differential set of 28 genotypes was used: twenty‐one wheat with known resistance genes and seven triticale. Based on the obtained results it was possible to observe significant differences in virulence structure between years and localities. No virulence's against Pm21 (Yangmai5), and Pm3d + 4b (Kadett) were found in any year. All tested isolates were virulent on Moreno and Lamberto cultivars. In a total, 36% of tested isolates possessed 9, 11 or 12 virulence's per genotypes. Twenty five percent of tested isolates were virulent to 5 triticale cultivars. Correlation between pathotypes frequency and sampling region were not found what suggest that local epidemics play the most important role in triticale growing regions in Poland.
Rapid Detection of Turnip mosaic virus by Reverse Transcription Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification
Authors: Zhao Lei , Hao Xingan , Liu Huan , Wang Qiaochun , Wu Yunfeng 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTurnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is one of the most devastating threats to the vegetable industry. A rapid, stable and sensitive one‐step reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) assay was developed for detecting TuMV. This method is very rapid and sensitive. The sensitivity was c. 10‐fold higher than that of conventional RT‐PCR in detecting TuMV. In addition, it does not require specialized equipment and can be performed under general experimental conditions. This RT‐LAMP method has great potential usefulness for TuMV detection, identification and control strategies.
Effects of alfalfa meal on the intestinal microbial diversity and immunity of growing ducks
Authors: Jiang J. F. , Song X. M. , Wu J. L. , Jiang Y. Q. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of alfalfa meal diets on the intestinal microbial diversity and immunity of growing egg‐type ducks. A total of 128 healthy 7‐week‐old female egg‐type Shaoxing ducks were selected and randomly assigned into four dietary treatments: 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% alfalfa meal for 8 weeks. Each treatment consisted of four replicates of eight ducks each. Polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) was used to characterize the microbiota. The results showed that the DGGE fingerprints of the V6–V8 fragments of the 16S rRNA from the caeca and faeces of ducks fed 3%, 6% and 9% alfalfa meal had significantly higher microbiota species richness than those fed 0% alfalfa meal (p < 0.05). The Shannon–Weiner index of the microbiota from the caeca and faeces of ducks fed 3%, 6% and 9% alfalfa meal was significantly higher than those fed 0% alfalfa meal (p < 0.05). Molecular analysis of the caecal and faecal DNA extracts showed that the alfalfa meal diet promotes the intestinal microbial diversity, as indicated by their higher species richness and Shannon–Weiner index. However, the groups did not significantly differ in terms of average daily gain, feed intake and gain‐to‐feed ratio (p > 0.05), and the 3–9% alfalfa meal did not affect the growth performance of the growing egg‐type ducks. The proliferation of T and B lymphocytes was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the groups supplemented with 3%, 6% and 9% of alfalfa meal than the unsupplemented control group, and alfalfa meal promoted the lymphocytes proliferation of the growing egg‐type ducks. Dietary alfalfa meal supplementation increases intestinal microbial community diversity and improves of the immune response growing egg‐type ducks.
Epidemiology and Ecology of H3N8 Canine Influenza Viruses in US Shelter Dogs
Authors: Pecoraro H.L. , Bennett S. , Huyvaert K.P. , Spindel M.E. , Landolt G.A. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundH3N8 canine influenza virus (CIV) infection might contribute to increased duration of shelter stay for dogs. Greater understanding of factors contributing to CIV within shelters could help veterinarians identify control measures for CIV.ObjectivesTo assess community to shelter dog CIV transmission, estimate true prevalence of CIV, and determine risk factors associated with CIV in humane shelters.Animals5,160 dogs upon intake or discharge from 6 US humane shelters, December 2009 through January 2012.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed with prospective convenience sampling of 40 dogs from each shelter monthly. Nasal swabs and serum samples were collected. Hemagglutination inhibition and real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction assays were performed for each nasal and serum sample. True prevalence was estimated by stochastic latent class analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with CIV shedding and seropositivity.ResultsNasal swabs were positive from 4.4% of New York (NY), 4.7% of Colorado (CO), 3.2% of South Carolina, 1.2% of Florida, and 0% of California and Texas shelter dogs sampled. Seropositivity was the highest in the CO shelter dogs at 10%, and NY at 8.5%. Other shelters had 0% seropositivity. Information‐theoretic analyses suggested that CIV shedding was associated with region, month, and year (model weight = 0.95) and comingling/cohousing (model weight = 0.92).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCommunity dogs are a likely source of CIV introduction into humane shelters and once CIV has become established, dog‐to‐dog transmission maintains the virus within a shelter.
Involvement of Rad52 in T‐DNA circle formation during Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Rolloos Martijn , Dohmen Marius H. C. , Hooykaas Paul J. J. , van der Zaal Bert J. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryAgrobacterium tumefaciens cells carrying a tumour inducing plasmid (Ti‐plasmid) can transfer a defined region of transfer DNA (T‐DNA) to plant cells as well as to yeast. This process of Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation (AMT) eventually results in the incorporation of the T‐DNA in the genomic DNA of the recipient cells. All available evidence indicates that T‐strand transfer closely resembles conjugal DNA transfer as found between Gram‐negative bacteria. However, where conjugal plasmid DNA transfer starts via relaxase‐mediated processing of a single origin of transfer (oriT), the T‐DNA is flanked by two imperfect direct border repeats which are both substrates for the Ti‐plasmid encoded relaxase VirD2. Yeast was used as a model system to investigate the requirements of the recipient cell for the formation of T‐DNA circles after AMT. It was found that, despite the absence of self‐homology on the T‐DNA, the homologous repair proteins Rad52 and Rad51 are involved in T‐DNA circle formation. A model is presented involving the formation of T‐DNA concatemers derived from T‐strands by a process of strand‐transfer catalysed by VirD2. These concatemers are then resolved into T‐DNA circles by homologous recombination in the recipient cell.
Disseminated adenovirus infection in kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Dawood Ubaidullah S , Nelson Adam , Wu Danielle , Otto Sophia , Russ Graeme R 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAdenoviruses are common pathogens that have the potential to cause opportunistic infections with significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts. The significance of adenoviral infection and disease is incompletely known in the setting of kidney transplantation. Reported adenovirus infections in renal transplant recipients have typically manifested as haemorrhagic cystitis and tubulointerstitial nephritis. Pneumonia, hepatitis and enteritis are often seen in other solid organ recipients. However, disseminated or severe adenovirus infections, including fatal cases, have been described in renal transplant recipients. There is uncertainty regarding monitoring and treatment of this virus. Although not supported by randomized clinical trials, cidofovir is used for the treatment of adenovirus disease not responding to reduction of immunosuppression. We present a case series of 2 patients with disseminated adenovirus infection in our centre who presented at different times from the time of transplantation.
Successful treatment of renal allograft and bladder malakoplakia with minimization of immunosuppression and prolonged antibiotic therapy
Authors: Graves Angela L , Texler Michael , Manning Laurens , Kulkarni Hemant 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMalakoplakia is an unusual granulomatous inflammatory disorder associated with diminished bactericidal action of leucocytes that occurs in immunosuppressed hosts. Cases of renal allograft malakoplakia are generally associated with a poor graft and patient survival. We present the case of a 56‐year‐old female with allograft and bladder malakoplakia occurring two years after renal transplantation complicated by an early antibody mediated rejection. Following a number of symptomatic urinary tract infections caused by resistant Gram‐negative bacilli, a diagnosis of malakoplakia was made by biopsy of a new mass lesion of the renal allograft. Cystoscopy also revealed malakoplakia of the bladder wall. Immunosuppressant regimen was modified. Mycophenolate mofetil was ceased, prednisolone reduced to 5 mg/day and tacrolimus concentrations were carefully monitored to maintain trough serum concentrations of 2–4 μg/L. Concurrently, she received a prolonged course of intravenous antibiotics followed by 13 months of dual oral antibiotic therapy with fosfomycin and faropenem. This joint approach resulted in almost complete resolution of allograft malakoplakia lesions and sustained regression of bladder lesions on cystoscopy with histological resolution in bladder lesions. Her renal function has remained stable throughout the illness. If treated with sustained antimicrobial therapy and reduction of immunosuppression, cases of allograft malakoplakia may not necessarily be associated with poor graft survival.
A role for everolimus in post‐transplant encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: First case report
Authors: Sud Rahul , Garry Lorraine , Spicer Stephen Timothy , Allen Richard DM , Eris Josette M , Wyburn Kate , Verran Deborah , Cooper Caroline Louise , Chadban Steve 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEncapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) that carries a high morbidity and mortality. The ‘two hit theory’ suggests that long term deterioration of the peritoneum combined with intraperitoneal inflammation is needed in the pathogenesis of EPS. For unclear reasons, post transplantation EPS is being increasingly reported in patients previously on PD. To date, there is no proven effective therapy with an absence of randomised controlled trials. Individual case reports and small case series have reported on the use of tamoxifen and corticosteroids for medical management of EPS. The use of everolimus has been reported in a single case, and never in the setting of renal transplantation. Here, we present the first case of post‐transplant encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis treated successfully with a combination of everolimus, tamoxifen, low dose corticosteroid and surgery.
Can radiographic features predict the difficulty of open exposure of palatal canines?
Authors: Germain S. , Corbett I.P. , Downing A. , Meechan J.G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to determine if radiographic features are predictive of surgical difficulty of open exposure of palatal canines using a tissue sacrifice method.Materials and methodsThis is a prospective case series comparing features observed on preoperative panoramic radiographs and other variables to both surgical duration and the surgeons reported difficulty. Radiographic features included height, sector (overlap of adjacent incisor) and angulation of the impacted canine. Clinical variables recorded were patient age and gender, side of impaction, anaesthetic choice, if the canine was palpable, and patient cooperation. A stepwise linear regression analysis was used to relate clinical and radiographic variables to treatment duration and assessed difficulty. Inter‐ and intra‐examiner reliability were assessed with Kappa statistics.ResultsForty‐nine patients with a total of 55 palatal canine exposures were included. The mean duration of exposure was 4 min and 5 s with a range of 45 s to 8 min and 50 s. Surgical duration was correlated to a subjective grade of surgical difficulty recorded on a visual analogue scale by the surgeon (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.76). Three predictors of increased surgical duration were identified as anaesthetic choice, height and angulation of impaction. The linear regression had an accuracy of 30.5%.ConclusionsRadiographic features had a small predictive value in determining duration of open palatal canine exposure. Both increased height and angulation to the midline were associated with longer procedures. The use of local anaesthetic was associated with a longer surgical duration compared with general anaesthetic.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Plus Coupled Pacing Improves Acutely Myocardial Function in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: BRÉMONT CAMILLE , LIM PASCAL , ELBAZ NATHALIE , DAMY THIBAUD , GUÉRET PASCAL , DUBOIS‐RANDÉ JEAN‐LUC , WALLICK DON W. , LELLOUCHE NICOLAS 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundCoupled pacing (CP), which consists of an additional beat delivered after ventricular refractory period, has been proposed to reduce ventricular rate and increase ventricular contractility. We hypothesized that CP may be added to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) to improve CRT effect in heart failure (HF) patients.MethodsThe study included 20 consecutive HF patients in sinus rhythm referred for CRT‐defibrillator (CRT‐D) implantation (baseline left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 27 ± 6%, baseline QRS duration 149 ± 33 ms, age = 63 ± 11 years). CP associated with CRT (CRT + CP) was delivered during CRT‐D implantation from the right and left ventricular leads simultaneously. Echocardiography data were collected at baseline, during CRT and CRT + CP to assess changes in LVEF, cardiac output (CO), longitudinal global strain assessed by speckle tracking, and LV dyssynchrony (opposing wall delay using tissue Doppler imaging).ResultsCompared to the conventional CRT, heart rate (HR) markedly decreased during CRT + CP (79 ± 20 beats/min vs 51 ± 8 beats/min, P < 0.0001) and was associated with a significant increase in LVEF (30 ± 8% vs 35 ± 8%, P = 0.0002) and peak of longitudinal global strain (–6 ± 2% vs –8 ± 2%, P < 0.0001). Importantly, during CRT + CP, CO increased (3.8 ± 1.0 L/min vs 4.4 ± 1.4 L/min, P = 0.004) and cardiac synchronicity remained unchanged (38 ± 24 ms for CRT alone vs 27 ± 18 ms for CRT + CP, P = 0.1).ConclusionIn sinus rhythm HF patients, acute CP application in addition to CRT decreases HR and contributes to myocardial contractility and CO improvement without deleterious impact on ventricular synchronicity.
An exploration of the therapeutic alliance within a telephone‐based cognitive behaviour therapy for individuals with experience of psychosis
Authors: Mulligan John , Haddock Gillian , Hartley Samantha , Davies Josie , Sharp Tom , Kelly James , Neil Sandra T. , Taylor Chris D.J. , Welford Mary , Price Jason , Rivers Zoe , Barrowclough Christine 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesThis study investigated the therapeutic alliance (TA) between clients and therapists involved in a telephone‐based cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) oriented psychological intervention for individuals experiencing psychosis.DesignThe telephone intervention involved recovery‐focused CBT with use of a self‐help guide and group intervention co‐facilitated by colleagues with personal experience of psychosis. It was delivered as part of a Participant Preference Trial.MethodsTwenty‐one client/therapist dyads were examined within this study. In addition to a measure of TA, clients completed measures of depression, social functioning, symptom severity, and strength of treatment preference, while therapists completed measures related to the level of shared formulation, therapist confidence, and therapeutic change estimates.ResultsTherapeutic alliance levels were comparable to previously reported face‐to‐face psychosis intervention studies. Clients consistently reported significantly higher TA ratings compared to therapists. Depression scores and the strength of preference for treatment were significantly associated with client TA. Greater therapist perceived change was associated with higher therapist rated TA, while higher numbers of missed therapy sessions associated with lower therapist ratings.ConclusionsTelephone‐based psychosis interventions may support the formation of positive relationships that are comparable to the quality of relationships developed between therapists and clients during face‐to‐face CBT therapy. Methodological limitations including low participant numbers and heightened risk of a Type I error necessitate caution when interpreting findings. Further research into therapist and client variables associated with TA is required.Practitioner points

Telephone delivered interventions to support people with psychosis‐related difficulties can result in the development of a good quality TA between therapists and clients.

There is a significant difference between therapist and client ratings of TA. Clients tend to score the quality of the TA significantly more highly than therapists.

Providing clients with choice when participating in therapeutic interventions could potentially contribute towards improved TA reporting by clients.
Exploring and Visualizing Differences in Geographic and Linguistic Web Coverage
Authors: Venkateswaran Ramya , Weibel Robert , Purves Ross S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article reports on a study performed to understand the geographic and linguistic coverage of web resources, focusing on the example of tourism‐related themes in Switzerland. Search engine queries of web documents were used to gather counts for phrases in four different languages. The study focused on selected populated places and tourist attractions in Switzerland from three gazetteer datasets: topographic gazetteer data from the Swiss national mapping agency (SwissTopo); POI data from a commercial data provider (Tele Atlas) and user generated geographic content (geonames.org). The web counts illustrate the geographic extent and trends of web coverage of tourism for different languages. Results show that coverage for local languages, i.e. German, French and Italian, is more strongly related to the region of the spoken language. Correlation of the web counts to typical tourism indicators, e.g. population and number of hotel nights rented per year, are also computed and compared.
The Importance of Global Shocks for National Policymakers – Rising Challenges for Sustainable Monetary Policies
Authors: Beckmann Joscha , Belke Ansgar , Czudaj Robert 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper analyses the importance of global shocks for the global economic developments and national policymakers from a novel perspective. On the one hand, we examine whether global factors convey additional information about monetary conditions not summarised by national aggregates. More specifically, we keep an eye on the question whether domestic monetary policies have become less effective in the wake of financial globalisation. We adopt a FAVAR framework to derive structural shocks on a worldwide level and their impact on other global and also national variables. We estimate our macromodel using quarterly data from Q1 1984 to Q4 2012 for the G7 countries plus the euro area. According to our results, global liquidity shocks significantly influence the global economy at the commodity price level. However, some other common shocks originating from house prices and GDP play a role at the global level as well.