bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
North Kuwait Jurassic Gas Developing Competencies for Now and the Future
Authors: Erdman Marlies , Dashti Qasem 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Kuwait Oil Company is developing the North Kuwait Jurassic Gas fields in order to increase domestic gas supply. The reservoirs are difficult with deep, poor quality reservoirs under high pressure containing H2S and CO2 leading to significant challenges. KOC entered into an Enhanced Technical Service Agreement (ETSA) with Shell in order to benefit from IOC expertise and to optimize the development. Some 40 Shell staff work with KOC. A core element of the ETSA is to build and enhance KOC's staff competencies to develop the North Kuwait Jurassic Gas fields. This professional competencies development program is done through the application of various training and coaching activities.
KOC has an established and well-structured competence assessment and training regime for all staff under their employment. Shell, with its wide experience in sour and High Pressure/High Temperature (HPHT) gas field development, is well placed to complement and build on this important competency development process. Shell has embarked on a journey to shorten it's time-to-autonomy by transitioning from traditional classroom training to providing structured development programs including on-the-job-training, blended learning and coaching.
The paper will describe how training and coaching activities were selected for KOC's North Kuwait Jurassic Gas team, how they were implemented and monitored, and what the critical success factors were.
Shell's training and coaching program to the North Kuwait Jurassic Gas team have started five years ago with a steady increase of activities year-on-year. The multiple years' implementation of the North Kuwait Jurassic Gas competency development program have allowed for learnings, review and fine-tuning of the program. The paper will address the most important elements for a successful training and coaching program in this unique partnership. This contains of four elements, the role of management and business; type of training and coaching event; staff's own involvement and training program management.
The paper will show how an IOC supports an NOC to enhance staff competencies in a challenging technical area, how this training and coaching plan is being managed and executed and what are key elements to consider.
Faecal Sludge Management
Authors: Strande Linda , Ronteltap Mariska , Brdjanovic Damir 
Published: October 2015

It is estimated that literally billions of residents in urban and peri-urban areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are served by onsite sanitation systems (e.g. various types of latrines and septic tanks). Until recently, the management of faecal sludge from these onsite systems has been grossly neglected, partially as a result of them being considered temporary solutions until sewer-based systems could be implemented. However, the perception of onsite or decentralized sanitation technologies for urban areas is gradually changing, and is increasingly being considered as long-term, sustainable options in urban areas, especially in low- and middle-income countries that lack sewer infrastructures. This is the first book dedicated to faecal sludge management. It compiles the current state of knowledge of the rapidly evolving field of faecal sludge management, and presents an integrated approach that includes technology, management, and planning based on Sandecs 20 years of experience in the field.
Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation addresses the organization of the entire faecal sludge management service chain, from the collection and transport of sludge, and the current state of knowledge of treatment options, to the final end use or disposal of treated sludge. The book also presents important factors to consider when evaluating and upscaling new treatment technology options.
The book is designed for undergraduate and graduate students, and engineers and practitioners in the field who have some basic knowledge of environmental and/or wastewater engineering.
ISBN: 9781780404738 (eBook)
ISBN: 9781780404721 (Print)
Chinese NPs: Quantification & Distributivity
Authors: Yang Rong 
Published: October 2015

In this paper, I discuss some characteristics of Chinese quantified NPs that are distinct from those of standard quantifiers (Section 1), and argue for an analysis of these NPs as generalized quantifiers built up over plural individuals (Section 2). In effect, I am suggesting a compositional approach with quantifiers contributing quantificational force and distributive operators introducing distributivity. This proposal is, in many ways, similar to Lin' s (1998) account, but the crucial difference has to do with the status of the classifier. While Lin does not make any reference to the classifier, its semantic contribution is essential for me. This will become obvious when I discuss two major consequences of the proposed approach, one having to do with distributivity in Chinese universal quantifiers (Section 3) and the other with the semantics of definite NPs (Section 4).
The semantics and pragmatics of belief reports in preschoolers
Authors: Valentine Hacquard Shevaun Lewis, Jeffrey Lidz, 
Published: October 2015

<p class="p1"><span style="font-size: 10px;">Children under 4 years have been claimed to lack adult-like semantic representations of belief verbs like ‘think’. Based on two experiments involving a truth-value judgment task, we argue that 4-year olds’ apparently deviant interpretations arise from pragmatic difficulty understanding the </span><em style="font-size: 10px;">relevance </em><span style="font-size: 10px;">of belief, rather than from conceptual or semantic immaturity. </span></p>
Science du désir, désir de sciences :quelle température pour notre air du temps ?
Authors: Lévy Benjamin 
Published: October 2015

L’auteur s’appuie sur les controverses qui depuis le début du xxi e siècle bouleversent le champ analytique français, mais aussi sur son expérience personnelle, pour circonscrire certaines impasses du dialogue entre psychanalyse et sciences à l’ère postmoderne. Il pose la question de savoir en quoi désir de science et désir d’analyse sont conciliables ou contradictoires ; et si la singularité du discours psychanalytique tient à sa scientificité ou à sa transmissibilité.
La psychanalyse comme science et délire
Authors: Duclos Denis 
Published: October 2015

Pour ne pas renoncer à faire de la psychanalyse une science, il faudrait redéfinir la science comme ce qui rencontre le paradoxe comme trait essentiel de l’humain parlant. Cependant, « reconnaître » l’obligation au paradoxe n’est pas s’y soumettre, de sorte qu’un effort sera toujours demandé à la psychanalyse : prouver qu’elle s’accepte comme folie parmi les autres (ce qui est presque paradoxal).
Une terreur sacrée ? La violence à l’heure des crises du Moyen-Orient
Authors: Seniguer Haouès 
Published: October 2015

Depuis les attentats de New York, le 11 septembre 2001, préparés et exécutés par des membres d’al-Qaïda, on ne compte plus les exactions de plus ou moins grande ampleur perpétrées aux quatre coins du monde par des organisations, mouvements ou individus se réclamant de l’islam. Celles-ci, qui ne sont désormais plus confinées à des territoires extra-européens, provoquent terreur et effroi chez une majorité de gens, y compris chez les musulmans eux-mêmes. Pour autant, il est nulle question de chercher à distinguer un supposé bon islam d’un tout aussi supposé mauvais islam, opposer un supposé « islam des Lumières » à un supposé islam « obscurantiste », traquer les supposés mauvais musulmans pour les opposer aux supposés bons musulmans, ou l’inverse. Force est simplement de constater qu’à l’aube du XXI e siècle, l’islam est fréquemment l’objet d’investissements ou de commentaires fortement contradictoires, sinon passionnés, avec une islamophobie qui s’enracine en Europe. Il est impossible de nier la dimension religieuse des conflits qui sévissent au Moyen-Orient. Cela paraît évident. Il faut donc l’interroger en précisant un cadre théorique rigoureux.
L’Union européenne (UE) et ses partenaires face au besoin de sécurité en Méditerranée
Authors: Coustillière Jean-François 
Published: October 2015

La sécurité de l’Union européenne est étroitement liée à celle de ses voisins en Méditerranée. Les situations des pays partenaires méditerranéens ont été profondément bouleversées par les conséquences des révoltes arabes depuis 2011. L’Union européenne est contrainte de réviser son approche de partenariat global de sécurité telle qu’elle la poursuivait avec le Processus de Barcelone, pour privilégier des relations bilatérales avec chacun des pays, tenant compte de leurs spécificités.
Chapitre 1. Les lois françaises de bioéthique ont 20 ans !
Authors: Turpin Dominique 
Published: October 2015

Les progrès technologiques et scientifiques dans le domaine de la biologie et de la génétique posent des questions éthiques mais aussi juridiques, traitées par les lois de 1994, modifiées en 2004 et en 2011. Mais, chaque jour, de nouvelles découvertes conduisent les juges, nationaux et européens, à faire œuvre prétorienne, dans l’attente de textes actualisés. Plus que jamais les découvertes nécessitent un encadrement, tant il est vrai que « science sans conscience n’est que ruine de l’âme ».
Chapitre 11. Le droit à un enfant chromosomiquement parfait
Authors: Vago Philippe 
Published: October 2015

Après avoir défini les termes « parfait », « chromosomiquement » et « droit à », sont discutés le périmètre et les modalités de ce droit à un enfant chromosomiquement parfait. Ce droit s’adresse-t-il à une population ciblée ou bien à la population générale ? Qu’en est-il des examens à disposition et des moyens de diagnostic ou de dépistage à mettre en œuvre ? Quelques aspects législatifs et règlementaires sont ensuite abordés, la pratique des examens de génétique étant très encadrée. Dans différents points abordés, une réflexion est suggérée sur ce qui est autorisé, versus ce qui est possible, notamment en référence à l’éthique.
Epidemiological review of laryngeal cancer: An Indian perspective
Authors: Bobdey Saurabh , Jain Aanchal , Balasubramanium Ganesh 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Background: Laryngeal cancer is one of the 10 leading causes of cancer in Indian men. The association of laryngeal cancer and tobacco smoking is well-established, but the peculiarities such as wide variation of disease distribution and survival, role of tobacco chewing, indoor air pollution, and dietary factors in laryngeal cancer causation needs to be understood. In this study, we review the descriptive and observational epidemiology of laryngeal cancer in India. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE and Web of science electronic database was searched from January 1995 to December 2013, using the using keywords "laryngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer outcome, epidemiology, etiological factor and their corresponding Mesh terms were used in combination like OR, AND." Two authors independently selected studies published in English and conducted in India. A total of 15 studies were found to be relevant and eligible for this review. Results: In India, laryngeal cancer contributes to approximately 3-6% of all cancers in men. The age-adjusted incidence rate of cancer larynx in males varies widely among registries, highest is 8.18 per 100,000 in Kamprup Urban District and the lowest is 1.26 per 100,000 in Nagaland. The 5-year survival for laryngeal cancer in India is approximately 28%. Indian studies show tobacco, alcohol, long-term exposure to indoor air pollution, spicy food, and nonvegetarian diet as risk factors for laryngeal cancer. Conclusion: There is wide regional variation in the incidence of laryngeal cancer in India. Survival rates of laryngeal carcinoma are much lower as compared to other Asian countries. Studies conducted in India to identify important risk factors of laryngeal cancer are very limited, especially on diet and indoor air pollution. Hence, more research is required for identifying the etiological factors and development of scientifically sound laryngeal cancer prevention programs.
Smokeless tobacco use in Urban Indian women: Prevalence and predictors
Authors: Mishra Gauravi A. , Kulkarni Sheetal V. , Gupta Subhadra D. , Shastri Surendra S. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Context: India is the second largest consumer of tobacco. Tobacco consumption in nonsmoking forms is culturally accepted even among women. Aims: This study aimed at understanding the patterns and predictors of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use among the urban low-socioeconomic women in Mumbai, India. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional community-based survey of tobacco usage among women residing in seven low-socioeconomic communities in suburbs of Mumbai, India. Staff for the study was recruited, trained, clusters selected, accurately mapped, households identifi ed, meetings held with community leaders, and household surveys conducted. Women using tobacco were invited to participate in the detailed survey and interviewed to document the various sociodemographic factors and in depth information on tobacco use. The data were computerized and analyzed. Results: About 22.30% of the total female population consumed tobacco, mainly in the smokeless forms, with only 0.50% of the tobacco users using smoked tobacco. Masheri was the most common form of tobacco used, followed by chewing tobacco. The median frequency of use of different tobacco products varied from 2 to 4 per day. The mean age at initiation of tobacco was 26.23 years. According to the results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, illiterate women, with advancing age, belonging to Hindu, Muslim, or Buddhist communities, who were either manual laborers or housewives, divorced or separated, and speaking Marathi were at higher risk of being tobacco user. Conclusion: Patterns and predictors of SLT use among women have been identifi ed in the present study. This will guide in planning prevention and control strategies.
La feminización de los estudios de Periodismo: análisis del caso español
Authors: Rivero Santamarina Diana , Meso Ayerdi Koldobika , Peña Fernández Simón 
Published: October 2015

En los últimos años se ha extendido la idea de que se ha producido una feminización de la profesión periodística, basándose en la paulatina incorporación de las mujeres al mercado laboral mediático y, sobre todo, debido al mayor número de mujeres que se gradúan en Periodismo al año en España. Por ello, desde esta investigación nos hemos propuesto conocer el alcance real de la feminización de los estudios de Periodismo. Metodología: En un primer estadio hemos realizado un corpus teórico que fundamente la idea de la feminización y que nos ayuda a conocer las implicaciones que un mayor número de mujeres periodistas pueden tener en la profesión, en los contenidos y en el ámbito privado y familiar. Posteriormente, se ha realizado el estudio cuantitativo diferenciando también si se trata de universidades públicas o privadas, para establecer así una comparativa. Conclusiones: El análisis del alumnado egresado de las titulaciones de Periodismo impartidas por las universidades españolas permite constatar que la feminización de estos estudios es una realidad plenamente asentada.
Nd:Yag Laser to obtain Irregularities on the Inner Surface of Porcelain
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , de Campos Edson Alves , Bandéca Matheus Coelho , Porto Betina Grehs , Porto Thiago Soares , Bhandi Shilpa H , da Silva Monica Barros , de Toledo Porto-Neto Sizenando , Dinelli Welingtom 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the inner surface of two ceramic systems: IPS Empress II (Ivoclar Vivadent, Germany) and In-Ceram Alumina (Vita Zahnfabrick, Germany) submitted to surface treatments, especially by Nd:YAG laser.

Materials and methods
Fifty samples were prepared in pellet form for each ceramic system according to manufacturers’ specifications. The samples were stored at room temperature and then be subjected to surface treatment: without treatment (T0) (control), hydrofluoric acid-etched (T1), hydrofluoric acidetched associated with the airborne particle-abraded (T2); CoJet system (T3), Nd:YAG laser (T4). The data were performed the statistical analysis by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.001).

Results
The group control (T0) of the ceramics, the analysis showed the lowest roughness values; for the System Alumina In-Ceram, treatment with hydrofluoric acid (T1), associated with hydrofluoric acid and airborne particle-abraded (T2) and Nd:YAG laser (T4), had no statistically significant difference, whereas for the IPS Empress System II treatment with hydrofluoric acid (T1) and hydrofluoric acid associated with airborne particle-abraded (T2), had no statistically significant difference between the system and also CoJet (T3) and hydrofluoric acid associated with the airborne particle-abraded (T2). Photomicrographs of scanning electron microscopy showed different characteristics to the treatments for each ceramic system.

Conclusion
The IPS Empress II had the appearance of favoring the retention when treated with hydrofluoric acid, as well as its association with the airborne particle-abraded. Uncertainty in Alumina, treatment with hydrofluoric acid associated with the airborne particle-abraded and CoJet system and provided a surface with irregularities. With respect to the laser further studies should be performed for parameters that are ideal for your application.

Clinical relevance
The ceramic restorations are attractive due of their excellent esthetics and the ability to stay for long periods. However, the retention of ceramic requires further study.

How to cite this article
Porto TS, Porto BG, de Campos EA, de Toledo Porto-Neto S, da Silva MB, Bhandi SH, Tonetto MR, Dinelli W, Bandeca MC. Nd:Yag Laser to obtain Irregularities on the Inner Surface of Porcelain. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(6):451-457.
Evaluation of Microvascularity by CD34 Expression in Esophagus and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sadri Donia , Shahsavari Fatemeh , Farhadi Sareh , Sedehi Marzieh 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
The present study was scheduled to evaluate microvascularity by CD34 expression in esophagus and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Materials and methods
This study was scheduled using 40 paraffin blocked samples including 20 of oral SCC and 20 of esophagus ones and Immunohistochemical staining was conducted using CD34 monoclonal antibody. Exact fisher test was used to evaluate frequency of expression between two studied groups.

Results
There was significant correlation between age and tumor size with CD34 expression in oral SCC samples (p < 0.05) and no significant correlation between sex and tumor differentiation level (grading) (p > 0.05). Also, there was no significant correlation between age, sex, tumor size and tumor differentiation level (grading) with CD34 expression in esophagus SCC samples (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference of CD34 expression frequency in oral and esophagus SCC (p = 0/583). Finally, CD34 expression was reported ‘high’ for major cases of esophagus and oral SCCs.

Conclusion
It seems, other angiogenetic or nonangiogenetic factors except CD34 may play more important role and explain the different clinical behavior of SCC at recent different locations.

Clinical significance
Other factors would be considered along with CD34 expression to interpret different clinical behavior of SCC at recent different locations.

How to cite this article
Shahsavari F, Farhadi S, Sadri D, Sedehi M, Evaluation of Microvascularity by CD34 Expression in Esophagus and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(6):458-462.
Pulpotomy Medicaments used in Deciduous Dentition: An Update
Authors: Al-Dlaigan Yousef H 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
The aim of this paper was to review the history and the scientific literature published on pulpotomy medicaments and to present the findings of these studies. The review showed that pulpotomy of primary teeth has been treated with many different techniques and medicaments, that some of these approaches are controversial and that their results have presented variables of success rates in term of clinical, radiographic and histologic observation. It is important that all clinicians, particularly for pediatric dentists, be up to date with the recent trends in this area of dental treatment for children.

How to cite this article
Al-Dlaigan YH. Pulpotomy Medicaments used in Deciduous Dentition: An Update. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(6):486-503.
DIRECTIONAL CONSTITUTIVE LAWS FOR RUBBERS
Authors: Diani Julie 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTDirectional laws, also called micro-sphere laws, are based on the rubber elasticity theory and are designed to fit rubber mechanical stress–strain responses at large strain. Because they depend on material directions, directional changes may be introduced accounting for anisotropic damage or residual stretch such as resulting from Mullins softening or accounting for anisotropic strain hardening such as induced by crystallization. Directional laws provide a relevant alternative to strain invariants laws when the material isotropy evolves or when its anisotropy is difficult to guess a priori. In the current contribution, the building process involved when defining directional laws is presented. The major assumptions resulting from this process are reviewed. Finally, recent directional laws from the literature are discussed, highlighting the interest and potential of such a constitutive framework.
Forensic application of Y-chromosomal STR analysis in Lithuanian population
Authors: Ruzgaitė Giedrė , Čaplinskienė Marija , Baranovienė Rima , Jankauskienė Jūratė , Kukienė Jolanta , Savanevskytė Kristina , Bunokienė Daiva 
Published: October 2015

This paper presents a comprehensive Y-chromosomal STR haplotype analysis in the Lithuanian population in order to evaluate Lithuanians’ Y chromosome diversity, to infer genetic relations between Lithuanian and other European neighbouring populations and to introduce population reference data for generation of reliable Y-STR haplotype frequency estimates to be used in the quantitative assessment of Y-STR haplotype match in the forensic casework. Data were collected from the peripheral blood samples of 194 unrelated males throughout various regions of Lithuania. The amplification of 17 Y-STRs was carried out in one multiplex PCR using an AmpFlSTR® Yfiler<sup>TM</sup> PCR Amplication Kit according to the supplier’s protocol. The results indicated that the Y-chromosomal haplotype diversity in the Lithuanian population rises as the number of the analyzed Y-STRs is increased. However, all additional Y-STR loci are not hypervariable and only their whole makes a large diversity of Y-STR haplotypes in Lithuanian males. The analysis of molecular variance revealed low but significant interpopulation differences except the pair of Lithuanian and Latvian populations. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the clustered Y chromosome gene pool of Lithuanians and Latvians has a closer phylogenetic relation to Russian and Estonian populations and is less genetically related to other neighbouring populations of Belarus and Poland. Yet Y-STRs alleles and haplotypes differentiate effectively inside the Lithuanian population and between Lithuanians and its geographical neighbours excluding the Latvian population. Comparison of the Y-STR data suggests that Lithuanian and Latvian populations are closely related not only by geography and language but also by the Y chromosome gene pool represented by forensic Y-STR markers. Consequently, more forensic Y-STR markers should be included in the Y-STR haplotype in order to achieve a resolution between the Y chromosomes of Lithuanian and Latvian males. Lithuanian Y-STR haplotype data were submitted to the 34th release of the Y-STR Haplotype Reference Database 3.0 for match probability calculations in the forensic casework.