bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Bycatch in the Cannonball Jellyfish Fishery in the Coastal Waters off Georgia
Authors: Page James West 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Studies have been conducted in Georgia to examine bycatch in many fisheries, but none has focused on the trawl fishery for cannonball jellyfish Stomolophus meleagris. Although this fishery is relatively new, it presently ranks in the top three by weight (kg) in Georgia, along with the food shrimp and blue crab Callinectes sapidus fisheries. The purpose of this study was to characterize and quantify the finfish and invertebrate bycatch species in the cannonball jellyfish trawl fishery in Georgia. Between December 2005 and December 2012, observers accompanied commercial fishers utilizing trawl gear to target cannonball jellyfish in the coastal waters off Georgia; a total of 133 tows were sampled. Observed tow duration ranged from 0.15 to 1.22 h, averaging 0.55 h/tow. During the study period, 1,488 finfish and 150 invertebrates were collected, and 13 individuals representing four species of concern were present in the bycatch. The most numerous species were the Harvestfish Peprilus paru (n = 677), Cownose Ray Rhinoptera bonasus (n = 185), Atlantic Bumper Chloroscombrus chrysurus (n = 179), Butterfish Peprilus triacanthus (n = 175), and blue crab (n = 114). The estimated numbers of captured cannonball jellyfish and bycatch varied monthly and yielded an overall cannonball jellyfish : bycatch ratio of 291:1. Results suggest that bycatch in the cannonball jellyfish fishery is nominal in comparison with other Georgia trawl fisheries (e.g., shrimp trawl fishery) and is dominated by a few species that are known to associate with jellyfish. Information gained in the present study provides fishery managers with the knowledge necessary to better understand the impacts of Georgia's commercial cannonball jellyfish trawl fishery on other species.
Received September 3, 2014; accepted March 10, 2015
Application of the 3D common‐reflection‐surface stack workflow in a crystalline rock environment
Authors: Ahmed K. A. , Schwarz B. , Gajewski D. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTSeismic data from crystalline or hardrock environments usually exhibit a poor signal‐to‐noise ratio due to low impedance contrasts in the subsurface. Moreover, instead of continuous reflections, we observe a lot of steeply dipping events resembling parts of diffractions. The conventional seismic processing (common midpoint stack and dip moveout) is not ideally suited for imaging such type of data. Common‐reflection‐surface stack processing considers more traces during the stack than common midpoint processing, and the resulting image displays a better signal‐to‐noise ratio. In the last decade, the common‐reflection‐surface stack method was established as a powerful tool to provide improved images, especially for low‐fold or noise‐contaminated data. The common‐reflection‐surface stack and all attributes linked to it are obtained using a coherence‐based automatic data‐driven optimization procedure. In this work we applied the common‐reflection‐surface stack workflow to 3D crystalline rock seismic data, which were acquired near Schneeberg, Germany, for geothermal exploration. The common‐reflection‐surface stack itself provided an image of good signal‐to‐noise ratio. However, for data from environments with low acoustic impedance and poor velocity information, coherence, which is automatically obtained in the optimization procedure, provides an alternative way to image the subsurface. Despite the reduced resolution, for these data, the coherence image provided the best results for an initial analysis. Utilized as a weight, the coherence attribute can be used to further improve the quality of the stack. By combining the benefits of a decreased noise level with the high‐resolution and high‐interference properties of waveforms, we argue that these results may provide the best images in an entirely data‐driven processing workflow for the Schneeberg data.
Microhabitat and body size effects on heat tolerance: implications for responses to climate change (army ants: Formicidae, Ecitoninae)
Authors: Baudier Kaitlin M. , Mudd Abigail E. , Erickson Shayna C. , O'Donnell Sean 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Models that predict organismal and population responses to climate change may be improved by considering ecological factors that affect species thermal tolerance. Species differences in microhabitat use can expose animals to diverse thermal selective environments at a given site and may cause sympatric species to evolve different thermal tolerances.

We tested the hypothesis that species differences in body size and microhabitat use (above‐ vs. below‐ground activity) would correspond to differences in thermal tolerance (maximum critical temperatures: CTmax). Thermal buffering effects of soil can reduce exposure to extreme high temperatures for below‐ground active species. We predicted larger‐bodied individuals and species would have higher CTmax and that species mean CTmax would covary positively with degree of above‐ground activity. We used Neotropical army ants (Formicidae: Ecitoninae) as models. Army ants vary in microhabitat use from largely subterranean to largely above‐ground active species and are highly size polymorphic.

We collected data on above‐ and below‐ground temperatures in habitats used by army ants to test for microhabitat temperature differences, and we conducted CTmax assays for army ant species with varying degrees of surface activity and with different body sizes within and between species. We then tested whether microhabitat use was associated with species differences in CTmax and whether microhabitat was a better predictor of CTmax than body size for species that overlapped in size.

Microhabitat use was a highly significant predictor of species' upper thermal tolerance limits, both for raw data and after accounting for the effects of phylogeny. Below‐ground species were more thermally sensitive, with lower maximum critical temperatures (CTmax). The smallest workers within each species were the least heat tolerant, but the magnitude of CTmax change with body size was greater in below‐ground species. Species‐typical microhabitat was a stronger predictor of CTmax than body size for species that overlapped in size. Compared to the soil surface, 10‐cm subsoil was a significantly moderated thermal environment for below‐ground army ants, while maximum surface raid temperatures sometimes exceeded CTmax for the most thermally sensitive army ant castes.

We conclude sympatric species differences in thermal physiology correspond to microhabitat use. These patterns should be accounted for in models of species and community responses to thermal variation and climate change.
Syringe sociology
Authors: Vitellone Nicole 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this article I consider the impact of social epistemologies for understanding the object of the syringe. My aim is to examine the process through which the syringe transforms from an injecting device to a tool of social and political inquiry. Paying particular attention to the uses ofFoucault,Becker,Bourdieu,Freud andLatour in empirical studies of injecting heroin use, I examine the sociology of the syringe through the lens of habit and habitus, discourse and deviance, mourning and melancholia, attachment and agencement. In pursuing the theory behind the object my goal is to address a sociological object in the making. In so doing I show how the syringe has been significant for social research, social theory, and sociology. It is the difference the object makes that this article seeks to describe. In tracing the epistemology of the syringe I show how the object is important not just for knowledge of addiction but sociology itself.
Incorporating the Last Four Digits of Social Security Numbers Substantially Improves Linking Patient Data from De‐identified Hospital Claims Databases
Authors: Naessens James M. , Visscher Sue L. , Peterson Stephanie M. , Swanson Kristi M. , Johnson Matthew G. , Rahman Parvez A. , Schindler Joe , Sonneborn Mark , Fry Donald E. , Pine Michael 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveAssess algorithms for linking patients across de‐identified databases without compromising confidentiality.Data Sources/Study SettingHospital discharges from 11 Mayo Clinic hospitals during January 2008–September 2012 (assessment and validation data). Minnesota death certificates and hospital discharges from 2009 to 2012 for entire state (application data).Study DesignCross‐sectional assessment of sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) for four linking algorithms tested by identifying readmissions and posthospital mortality on the assessment data with application to statewide data.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsDe‐identified claims included patient gender, birthdate, and zip code. Assessment records were matched with institutional sources containing unique identifiers and the last four digits of Social Security number (SSNL4).Principal FindingsGender, birthdate, and five‐digit zip code identified readmissions with a sensitivity of 98.0 percent and a PPV of 97.7 percent and identified postdischarge mortality with 84.4 percent sensitivity and 98.9 percent PPV. Inclusion of SSNL4 produced nearly perfect identification of readmissions and deaths. When applied statewide, regions bordering states with unavailable hospital discharge data had lower rates.ConclusionAddition of SSNL4 to administrative data, accompanied by appropriate data use and data release policies, can enable trusted repositories to link data with nearly perfect accuracy without compromising patient confidentiality. States maintaining centralized de‐identified databases should add SSNL4 to data specifications.
Interrater agreement between expert and novice in measuring inferior vena cava diameter and collapsibility index
Authors: Bowra Justin , Uwagboe Victor , Goudie Adrian , Reid Cliff , Gillett Mark 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn critical care medicine, US views of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and its change with respiration are used to estimate the intravascular volume status of unwell patients and, in particular, to answer the question: ‘Is this patient likely to be fluid responsive?’ Most commonly in the literature, the subxiphisternal (SX) window in the longitudinal plane is utilised. To date, no study has specifically assessed interrater agreement in estimating IVC diameter between emergency medicine specialists (experts) and trainees (learners).ObjectivesTo determine the interrater agreement between an expert (senior emergency specialist with US qualifications) and learner (emergency medicine trainee) when measuring IVC diameter (IVCD) and IVC collapsibility index (IVCCI) in the SX longitudinal US window in healthy volunteers.MethodsHealthy volunteers (ED staff) were scanned in the supine position using a sector (cardiac) probe of a portable US machine, in the SX longitudinal position. The maximum and minimum diameters of the IVC were measured in each of these positions and the IVCCI calculated. Results were analysed using Bland–Altman plots.ResultsIn the longitudinal SX window, the operators' measurements of maximum IVCD differed by an average of 1.9 mm (95% limits of agreement −9.4 mm to +5.5 mm) and their measurement of IVCCI differed by an average of 4% (95% limits of agreement −30% to 38%).ConclusionsThe wide 95% limits of agreement demonstrate a poor interrater agreement between the IVC US measurements obtained by expert and learner users in the assessment of fluid status. These ranges are greater than clinically acceptable.
Characterization, Stability, and In Vitro Release Evaluation of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Coated Liposomes Containing Fish Oil
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Lv Shun , Lu Jianfeng , Jiang Shaotong , Lin Lin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFish oil was extracted and refined from Nile tilapia viscera. Uncoated liposomes (un‐L) and carboxymethylchitosan (CMCS)‐coated liposomes (CM‐L) containing fish oil were prepared, and their characteristics, stability, and release in vitro were studied. The CMCS coating increased the mean diameter of liposomes but there was no effect on entrapment efficiency. The surface structure and characteristics of liposomes were determined. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the hydrogen bonding formed between the CMCS and the carbonyl region of the liposomes’ bilayer. The transition temperature of CM‐L was higher than un‐L. The stabilities of un‐L and CM‐L stored at 4 °C were better than 25 °C. Moreover, the CM‐L was significantly more stable than un‐L when stored at 25 °C. The release behaviors of un‐L and CM‐L were governed by 2 distinct stages and the first‐order model was the most suitable model for the whole release procedure. The diffusion and erosion may be the main release mechanisms for the full controlled release of fish oil from the liposomes. This study can provide theories and practice information for further applications of fish oil from tilapia viscera.
Flagellar region 3b supports strong expression of integrated DNA and the highest chromosomal integration efficiency of the Escherichia coli flagellar regions
Authors: Juhas Mario , Ajioka James W. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe Gram‐negative bacterium Escherichia coli is routinely used as the chassis for a variety of biotechnology and synthetic biology applications. Identification and analysis of reliable chromosomal integration and expression target loci is crucial for E. coli engineering. Chromosomal loci differ significantly in their ability to support integration and expression of the integrated genetic circuits. In this study, we investigate E. coli K12 MG1655 flagellar regions 2 and 3b. Integration of the genetic circuit into seven and nine highly conserved genes of the flagellar regions 2 (motA, motB, flhD, flhE, cheW, cheY and cheZ) and 3b (fliE, F, G, J, K, L, M, P, R), respectively, showed significant variation in their ability to support chromosomal integration and expression of the integrated genetic circuit. While not reducing the growth of the engineered strains, the integrations into all 16 target sites led to the loss of motility. In addition to high expression, the flagellar region 3b supports the highest efficiency of integration of all E. coli K12 MG1655 flagellar regions and is therefore potentially the most suitable for the integration of synthetic genetic circuits.
Projected Changes in Discharge in an Agricultural Watershed in Iowa
Authors: Villarini Gabriele , Scoccimarro Enrico , White Kathleen D. , Arnold Jeffrey R. , Schilling Keith E. , Ghosh Joyee 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOur improved capability to adapt to the future changes in discharge is linked to our capability to predict the magnitude or at least the direction of these changes. For the agricultural United States Midwest, too much or too little water has severe socioeconomic impacts. Here, we focus on the Raccoon River at Van Meter, Iowa, and use a statistical approach to examine projected changes in discharge. We build on statistical models using rainfall and harvested corn and soybean acreage to explain the observed discharge variability. We then use projections of these two predictors to examine the projected discharge response. Results are based on seven global climate models part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). There is not a strong signal of change in the discharge projections under the RCP 4.5. However, the results for the RCP 8.5 point to a stronger changing signal related to larger projected increases in rainfall, resulting in increased trends, in particular, in the upper part of the discharge distribution (i.e., 60th percentile and above). Examination of two hypothetical agricultural scenarios indicates that these increasing trends could be alleviated by decreasing the extent of the agricultural production. We also discuss how the methodology presented in this study represents a viable approach to move forward with the concept of return period for engineering design and management in a nonstationary world.
A Comparison of Bayesian Methods for Uncertainty Analysis in Hydraulic and Hydrodynamic Modeling
Authors: Camacho René A. , Martin James L. , McAnally William , Díaz‐Ramirez Jairo , Rodriguez Hugo , Sucsy Peter , Zhang Song 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe evaluate and compare the performance of Bayesian Monte Carlo (BMC), Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), and the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) for uncertainty analysis in hydraulic and hydrodynamic modeling (HHM) studies. The methods are evaluated in a synthetic 1D wave routing exercise based on the diffusion wave model, and in a multidimensional hydrodynamic study based on the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code to simulate estuarine circulation processes in Weeks Bay, Alabama. Results show that BMC and MCMC provide similar estimates of uncertainty. The posterior parameter densities computed by both methods are highly consistent, as well as the calibrated parameter estimates and uncertainty bounds. Although some studies suggest that MCMC is more efficient than BMC, our results did not show a clear difference between the performance of the two methods. This seems to be due to the low number of model parameters typically involved in HHM studies, and the use of the same likelihood function. In fact, for these studies, the implementation of BMC results simpler and provides similar results to MCMC. The results of GLUE are, on the other hand, less consistent to the results of BMC and MCMC in both applications. The posterior probability densities tend to be flat and similar to the uniform priors, which can result in calibrated parameter estimates centered in the parametric space.
Hydrologic Effects of Surface Coal Mining in Appalachia (U.S.)
Authors: Evans Daniel M. , Zipper Carl E. , Hester Erich T. , Schoenholtz Stephen H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSurface coal mining operations alter landscapes of the Appalachian Mountains, United States, by replacing bedrock with mine spoil, altering topography, removing native vegetation, and constructing mine soils with hydrologic properties that differ from those of native soils. Research has demonstrated hydrologic effects of mining and reclamation on Appalachian landscapes include increased peakflows at newly mined and reclaimed watersheds in response to strong storm events, increased subsurface void space, and increased base flows. We review these investigations with a focus on identifying changes to hydrologic flow paths caused by surface mining for coal in the Appalachian Mountains. We introduce two conceptual control points that govern hydrologic flow paths on mined lands, including the soil surface that partitions infiltration vs. surface runoff and a potential subsurface zone that partitions subsurface storm flow vs. deeper percolation. Investigations to improve knowledge of hydrologic pathways on reclaimed Appalachian mine sites are needed to identify effects of mining on hydrologic processes, aid development of reclamation methods to reduce hydrologic impacts, and direct environmental mitigation and public policy.
Combination of Biological and Habitat Indices for Assessment of Idaho Streams
Authors: Jessup Benjamin , Pappani Jason 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStates and tribes are encouraged to use multiple biological assemblages in assessment of water bodies. An assessment index for each assemblage provides information on aspects of the aquatic resource that may be unique in terms of stressor sensitivity, stressor type, or ecological scale. However, assessment results relative to impairment thresholds can disagree among indices for an individual water body, leading to uncertain overall water‐body assessments. We explored options for combining stream indices for macroinvertebrates, fish, and habitat in ways that would yield the most consistent and sensitive results relative to established disturbance categories. Methods varied in the scoring or rating scales used to standardize each index value, the thresholds used to define impairment of aquatic life uses, and the ways of synthesizing multiple indices. The index compositing method that scores each index on a continuous scale and averages the scores after standardizing had superior accuracy, sensitivity, and precision. In addition, using the 25th quantile of reference sites instead of the 10th quantile resulted in a more balanced error rate among reference and degraded site categories.
Stream Temperature Patterns over 35 Years in a Managed Forest of Western Washington
Authors: Reiter Maryanne , Bilby Robert E. , Beech Storm , Heffner John 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStream temperature changes as a result of forest practices have been a concern in the Pacific Northwest for several decades. As a result of this concern, stream protection requirements for forest lands were first adopted in the early 1970s and have become progressively more stringent. While there have been multiple studies examining the effects of stream protection buffers on water temperature, there are few studies examining temperature patterns over long periods on intensively managed forests. Water temperature in the upper Deschutes River watershed, Washington has been monitored since 1975 and represents one of the longest studies of water quality on managed forests in the Pacific Northwest. This data record, collected from basins of varying sizes, has enabled us to examine the combined effects of hydro‐climatic patterns and forest management on stream temperature. Effects of harvest conducted prior to buffer regulations were clearly identifiable and most pronounced on smaller streams. We were not able to detect any response on larger channels to more recent timber harvest where riparian buffers were required. This analysis also emphasizes that it is critical to account for changing climate when examining long‐term temperature patterns. We found that in many cases the temperature improvements associated with more stringent buffer requirements implemented over the last 35 years in the Deschutes watershed have been offset by warming climatic conditions.
Barriers to radiotherapy utilisation in New South Wales Australia: Health professionals' perceptions of impacting factors
Authors: Sundaresan Puma , King Madeleine T , Stockler Martin R , Costa Daniel SJ , Milross Christopher G 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionUtilisation of radiation therapy (RT) in Australia is below recommended evidence‐based benchmarks. Barriers to the referral of patients for RT and the uptake of RT by patients may be affecting RT utilisation. The current study aimed to examine health professionals' (HPs) perceptions of potential barriers to RT referral and uptake.MethodsA custom survey was developed to assess perceptions regarding the degree to which a range of issues affect decisions regarding RT. Hard copy surveys were disseminated to HPs involved in the care of cancer patients across New South Wales (NSW): medical, radiation and surgical oncologists, physicians (including palliative care), and general practitioners with an interest in oncology. Electronic versions of the survey were disseminated via oncology multidisciplinary teams and professional networks at participating hospitals.ResultsTwo hundred fifty‐three HPs participated via hard copy (n = 208) or electronic (n = 45) surveys. Two‐thirds of HPs perceived acute side effects of RT, their management and impact on daily commitments, as well as fear and anxiety about RT, to exert moderate to significant influence on RT decisions. Treatment‐related travel, need for accommodation and relocation were also perceived by 64% of HPs to do the same. Over half of HPs rated concern regarding late effects of RT, disruption to family and work life, and the ability to organise family and work commitments around RT, as moderate to significant influences on RT uptake.ConclusionPerceptions of HPs in NSW reveal potential important influencers of RT decisions by patients and clinicians. An understanding of these additional issues and their actual impact on RT‐related decisions may inform future interventions to improve RT access and utilisation.