bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PAIR UP Imaging Science Program, a new framework for a diverse scientific workforce
Authors: Langford George M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPAIR‐UP is a new conceptual framework for developing a diverse scientific workforce for the 21st century. PAIR‐UP stand for Partnering to Advance Imaging Research for Underrepresented scientists Program. The goal of PAIR‐UP is to solve the longstanding and wicked problem of underrepresentation of Black scientists in the imaging science field. PAIR‐UP uses a multipronged approach designed to create culturally responsive environments at historically white colleges and universities (HWCUs) where Black scientists are culturally isolated. The PAIR‐UP model shows that maintaining a strong cultural identity empowers Black scientists to be more creative and productive and therefore persistent in the discipline.
Anatomy and mobility in the adult cadaveric craniocervical junction
Authors: Taverne Maxime , Lalieve Laura , Persohn Sylvain , Khonsari Roman Hossein , Paternoster Giovanna , James Syril , Blauwblomme Thomas , Benichi Sandro , Laporte Sébastien 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGenetic diseases with craniofacial malformations can be associated with anomalies of the craniocervical joint (CCJ). The functions of the CCJ are thus impaired, as mobility may be either limited by abnormal bone fusion causing headaches, or exaggerated in the case of hypermobility, which may cause irreparable damage to the spinal cord. Restoring the balance between mobility and stability requires surgical correction in children. The anatomy and biomechanics of the CCJ are quite unique, yet have been overlooked in the past decades. Pediatric evidence is so scarce, that investigating the adult CCJ is our best shot to disentangle the form‐function relationships of this anatomical region. The motivation of the present study was to understand the morphological and functional basis of motion in the CCJ, in the hope to find morphological features accessible from medical imaging able to predict mobility. To do so, we have quantified the in‐vitro kinematics of the CCJ in nine cadaveric asymptomatic adults, and estimated a wide range of mobility variables covering the complexity of spinal motion. We compared these variables with the shape of the occipital, the atlas and the axis, obtained using a dense geometric morphometric approach. Morphological joint congruence was also quantified. Our results suggest a strong relationship between bone shape and motion, with the overall geometry predicting best the primary movements, and the joint facets predicting best the secondary movements. We propose a functional hypothesis stating that the musculoligamental system determines movements of great amplitude, while the shape and congruence of joint facets determine the secondary and coupled movements, especially by varying the geometry of bone stops and the way ligaments are tensioned. We believe this work will provide valuable insights in understanding the biomechanics of the CCJ. Furthermore, it should help surgeons treating CCJ anomalies by enabling them to translate objectives of functional and clinical outcome into clear objectives of morphological outcome.
Post‐Myocardial Infarction Remodeling and Hyperkinetic Remote Myocardium in Sheep Measured by Cardiac MRI Feature Tracking
Authors: Cho Steven K.S. , Darby Jack R.T. , Williams Georgia K. , Holman Stacey L. , Rai Archana , Van Amerom Joshua F.P. , Fan Chun‐Po , Macgowan Christopher K. , Selvanayagam Joseph B. , Morrison Janna L. , Seed Mike 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundCardiac MRI feature tracking (FT) allows objective assessment of segmental left ventricular (LV) function following a myocardial infarction (MI), but its utilization in sheep, where interventions can be tested, is lacking.PurposeTo apply and validate FT in a sheep model of MI and describe post‐MI LV remodeling.Study TypeAnimal model, longitudinal.Animal ModelEighteen lambs (6 months, male, n = 14; female, n = 4; 25.2 ± 4.5 kg).Field Strength/SequenceTwo‐dimensional balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) and 3D inversion recovery fast low angle shot (IR‐FLASH) sequences at 3 T.AssessmentSeven lambs underwent test–retest imaging to assess FT interstudy reproducibility. MI was induced in the remaining 11 by coronary ligation with MRI being undertaken before and 15 days post‐MI. Injury size was measured by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and LV volumes, LV mass, ejection fraction (LVEF), and wall thickness (LVWT) were measured, with FT measures of global and segmental radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strain.Statistical TestsSampling variability, inter‐study, intra and interobserver reproducibility were assessed using Pearson's correlation, Bland–Altman analyses, and intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC). Diagnostic performance of segmental strain to predict LGE was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Significant differences were considered P < 0.05.ResultsInter‐study reproducibility of FT was overall good to excellent, with global strain being more reproducible than segmental strain (ICC = 0.89–0.98 vs. 0.77–0.96). MI (4.0 ± 3.7% LV mass) led to LV remodeling, as evident by significantly increased LV volumes and LV mass, and significantly decreased LVWT in injured regions, while LVEF was preserved (54.9 ± 6.9% vs. 55.6 ± 5.7%; P = 0.778). Segmental circumferential strain (CS) correlated most strongly with LGE. Basal and mid‐ CS increased significantly, while apical CS significantly decreased post‐MI.Data ConclusionFT is reproducible and compensation by hyperkinetic remote myocardium may manifest as overall preserved global LV function.Evidence LevelN/ATechnical EfficacyStage 2
Dispersal history of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Galicia, Spain
Authors: Gallego‐García Pilar , Estévez‐Gómez Nuria , De Chiara Loretta , Alvariño Pilar , Juiz‐González Pedro M. , Torres‐Beceiro Isabel , Poza Margarita , Vallejo Juan A. , Rumbo‐Feal Soraya , Conde‐Pérez Kelly , Aja‐Macaya Pablo , Ladra Susana , Moreno‐Flores Antonio , Gude‐González María J. , Coira Amparo , Aguilera Antonio , Costa‐Alcalde José J. , Trastoy Rocío , Barbeito‐Castiñeiras Gema , García‐Souto Daniel , Tubio José M. C. , Trigo‐Daporta Matilde , Camacho‐Zamora Pablo , Costa Juan García , González‐Domínguez María , Canoura‐Fernández Luis , Glez‐Peña Daniel , Pérez‐Castro Sonia , Cabrera Jorge J. , Daviña‐Núñez Carlos , Godoy‐Diz Montserrat , Treinta‐Álvarez Ana Belén , Veiga Maria Isabel , Sousa João Carlos , Osório Nuno S. , Comas Iñaki , González‐Candelas Fernando , Hong Samuel L. , Bollen Nena , Dellicour Simon , Baele Guy , Suchard Marc A. , Lemey Philippe , Agulla Andrés , Bou Germán , Alonso‐García Pilar , Pérez‐del‐Molino María Luisa , García‐Campello Marta , Paz‐Vidal Isabel , Regueiro Benito , Posada David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) transmission are influenced by a variety of factors, including social restrictions and the emergence of distinct variants. In this study, we delve into the origins and dissemination of the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron‐BA.1 variants of concern in Galicia, northwest Spain. For this, we leveraged genomic data collected by the EPICOVIGAL Consortium and from the GISAID database, along with mobility information from other Spanish regions and foreign countries. Our analysis indicates that initial introductions during the Alpha phase were predominantly from other Spanish regions and France. However, as the pandemic progressed, introductions from Portugal and the United States became increasingly significant. The number of detected introductions varied from 96 and 101 for Alpha and Delta to 39 for Omicron‐BA.1. Most of these introductions left a low number of descendants (<10), suggesting a limited impact on the evolution of the pandemic in Galicia. Notably, Galicia's major coastal cities emerged as critical hubs for viral transmission, highlighting their role in sustaining and spreading the virus. This research emphasizes the critical role of regional connectivity in the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 and offers essential insights for enhancing public health strategies and surveillance measures.
Complementary feeding approaches and risk of choking: A systematic review
Authors: Correia Lia , Sousa Ana R. , Capitão Carolina , Pedro Ana R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere are two main complementary feeding (CF) approaches: traditional spoon‐feeding (TSF) and baby‐led weaning (BLW). Many parents and healthcare professionals have concerns about the risk of choking associated with BLW. Since asphyxia is one of infants' main causes of death, this study aims to understand the influence of the CF approach adopted by caregivers on infants' risk of choking. A systematic review was performed. The search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. We included randomized controlled trials or observational studies published between January 2010 and November 2023, with a clear definition of the intervention and directly assessing the risk of choking. After the selection procedure, 7 of the 165 studies initially identified were included. No study reported statistically significant differences in the risk of choking between babies following BLW, baby‐led introduction to solids (BLISS), and TSF. In five studies, although not statistically significant, infants in the TSF group had more choking episodes than those in the BLW or BLISS groups. The risk of choking does not seem to be associated with the CF approach. Instead, it may be related to the familiarity of the baby with each texture and the parent's understanding of the information about how to minimize the risk of choking. Recall bias may be present in all included studies. Advice on how to modify foods to make them safer needs to be clearer and reinforced to all parents.
Spray‐dried immobilized lipase from Staphylococcus aureusHA25 for application in detergent industry
Authors: Nadaroglu Hayrunnisa , Baran Alper , Bayrakceken Hatice 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aims to produce an active lipase detergent additive dry powder using spray drying. Staphylococcus aureus HA25, growing at a pH range of 5.0–8.5, was isolated from Erzurum gogermis cheese and purified using a three‐phase partitioning technique. Optimal immobilization processing conditions were determined for 0.1% wt/wt chitosan, alginate, and chitosan/alginate concentrations of pure lipase enzyme. Morphological features of the immobilized enzyme structure were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and structural characterizations were determined using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The results showed that the natural structure of the lipase was largely restored upon reconstitution of the spray‐dried immobilized lipase structures in water. While the free enzyme removed 52.6% of the oil added to the cotton fabric, the immobilized lipase@alginate enzyme removed ~98% of the oil added to the cotton fabric at the highest rate when used as a detergent additive. It was found that the reusability activity of chitosan@lipase, alginate@lipase, and chitosan/alginate@lipase enzymes remained at 86.4%, 92.8%, and 88.6% of their original activity, respectively. The study suggests that immobilized variations of the lipase enzyme within chitosan, alginate, and chitosan/alginate matrices may serve as a natural, secure, and efficient substitute for conventional chemical detergents, offering a non‐toxic alternative for additive materials.
Encapsulated pomegranate peel extract as a potential antimicrobial ingredient from food waste
Authors: Rifna Elenjikkal Jerome , Dwivedi Madhuresh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPomegranate peel waste is a valuable reservoir of heat‐sensitive total hydrolysable tannins (THT), with potential applications in food and pharmaceuticals. Preserving THT is challenging due to degradation post‐extraction. We explore ionic gelation as an encapsulation method to optimize THT utilization.RESULTSThrough external gelation, we optimized the process variables using Box–Behnken design. At 40 g kg−1 sodium alginate, 25 g kg−1 calcium chloride, and 300 g kg−1 pomegranate peel extract (PPE), we achieved an 83.65% encapsulation efficiency. Compared to spray drying, external gelation demonstrated superior performance, with enhanced release percentages and stability. Physical, phytochemical, and release profiles of encapsulates were extensively analysed. External gelation achieved an 87.5% release in 30 min, outperforming spray‐dried counterparts (69.7% in 25 min). Encapsulated PPE exhibited robust antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) in powdered infant formula, with a 32 ± 0.01 mm zone of inhibition and 300 μg mL−1 minimum inhibitory concentration. Insights into S. aureus growth curves underlined the mechanism of action via membrane potential alterations. The results of carried investigations also showed that the antibacterial activity of the encapsulated PPE extracts against the targeted organism was identical to the antibacterial activity exhibited by synthetic antibiotics used generally to kill microorganisms in food. Therefore, from the findings, it can be concluded that the PPE encapsulate produced using the external gelation technique at the optimized condition displayed superior storage stability possessing strong antimicrobial activity when compared to encapsulate produced using the spray drying technique.CONCLUSIONSExternal gelation emerges as a potent technique for developing effective encapsulates enriched with natural antimicrobials or antibiotics. This approach holds promise for applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals, enhancing stability and efficacy while reducing reliance on synthetic antibiotics. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Broadband Dispersive‐Wave Emission Coupled with Two‐Stage Soliton Self‐Compression in Gas‐Filled Anti‐Resonant Hollow‐Core Fibers
Authors: Pan Jinyu , Huang Zhiyuan , Chen Yifei , Luo Zhuozhao , Yu Fei , Wu Dakun , Chen Tiandao , Liu Donghan , Yu Yue , He Wenbin , Jiang Xin , Pang Meng , Leng Yuxin , Li Ruxin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe underlying mechanism of broadband dispersive‐wave emission within a resonance band of gas‐filled anti‐resonant hollow‐core fiber is studied. Both numerical and experimental results unveiled that the pump pulse with a soliton order of ≈3, launched into the hollow‐core fiber, experienced two stages of pulse compression, resulting in a multi‐peak structure of the emitted dispersive‐wave spectrum. Over the first‐stage pulse compression, a sharp increase of the pulse peak power triggers the first time of dispersive‐wave emission, and simultaneously causes the soliton frequency blue‐shift due to soliton‐plasma interactions. As the central frequency of the blue‐shifting soliton approaches to a resonance band of the hollow‐core fiber, it experiences a fast‐decreasing dispersion value in the fiber waveguide, resulting in the second stage of pulse compression. The second‐stage pulse compression triggers the second time of dispersive‐wave emission with a phase‐matched frequency slightly lower than that at the first stage. Multi‐peak spectra of the output dispersive‐waves and their formation dynamics can be understood using a delicate and unique coupling mechanism among three nonlinear effects including multi‐stage soliton compression, soliton‐plasma interaction, and phase‐matched dispersive‐wave emission. The output broadband dispersive‐wave, exhibiting good coherence and stability, can be potentially compressed to sub‐30 fs duration using a precise chirp‐compensation technique.
Using gaming to prepare health professional students to practice systems thinking
Authors: Watts Sarah , Helms Rachel , Thornton Erin , Fruge Andrew D. , Young Clay , Sewell Jeanna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare professionals face numerous challenges regarding the delivery of care. Creating solutions to these challenges is imperative to improve the quality and safety of care to positively impact patient outcomes. However, health professional students rarely receive formal training regarding systems thinking during didactic components of their professional training.Aims, Materials, and MethodsThus, our institution incorporated the Friday Night at the ER (FNER) activity in the interprofessional education curricula to provide an experiential learning experience focused on systems thinking.ResultsA total of 1033 students (483 nursing, 289 pharmacy, 48 nutrition, 26 speech–language pathology, and 187 preferred not to share their discipline or complete the survey) participated in FNER across six separate semester cohorts. The Systems Thinking Scale was completed immediately before and after FNER by 81.5% (pre) and 80.3% (post) of students. Repeated measures ANOVA was conducted and noted combined nursing, pharmacy, nutrition, and speech–language pathology students' total Systems Thinking Scale scores increased significantly from pretest (M = 82.8, SD = 10.6) to posttest (M = 89.7, SD = 10.8), p < 0.001.DiscussionOur experience indicates this is a meaningful interprofessional activity that prepares students to practice systems thinking in their future careers.ConclusionPracticing these skills has the potential to improve learners' ability to implement changes that will positively impact healthcare systems.
Modeling 3D Tumor Invasiveness to Modulate Macrophage Phenotype in a Human‐Based Hydrogel Platform
Authors: Monteiro Cátia F. , Almeida Catarina R. , Custódio Catarina A. , Mano João F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe immune system is a pivotal player in determining tumor fate, contributing to the immunosuppressive microenvironment that supports tumor progression. Considering the emergence of biomaterials as promising platforms to mimic the tumor microenvironment, human platelet lysate (PLMA)‐based hydrogel beads are proposed as 3D platforms to recapitulate the tumor milieu and recreate the synergistic tumor‐macrophage communication. Having characterized the biomaterial‐mediated pro‐regenerative macrophage phenotype, an osteosarcoma spheroid encapsulated into a PLMA hydrogel bead is explored to study macrophage immunomodulation through paracrine signaling. The culture of PLMA‐Tumor beads on the top of a 2D monolayer of macrophages reveals that tumor cells triggered morphologic and metabolic adaptations in macrophages. The cytokine profile, coupled with the upregulation of gene and protein anti‐inflammatory biomarkers clearly indicates macrophage polarization toward an M2‐like phenotype. Moreover, the increased gene expression of chemokines identified as pro‐tumoral environmental regulators suggest a tumor‐associated macrophage phenotype, exclusively stimulated by tumor cells. This pro‐tumoral microenvironment is also found to enhance tumor invasiveness ability and proliferation. Besides providing a robust in vitro immunomodulatory tumor model that faithfully recreates the tumor‐macrophage interplay, this human‐based platform has the potential to provide fundamental insights into immunosuppressive signaling and predict immune‐targeted response.
Sustainable Jute Fiber Sandwich Composites with Hybridization of Short Fiber and Woven Fabric Structures in Core and Skin Layers
Authors: Habib Ahasan , Rajoni Humaira , Sayeed Abu , Islam Mainul , Sajedujjaman Abu Taher Md. , Saifullah Abu , Sarker Forkan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSustainable hybrid composites, made of two different natural plant fiber types, are increasingly being attracted by composite researchers, for their cost effectiveness and ability to control mechanical performances through varying weight ratios of different fibers. In contrast, their lower mechanical properties are reported in the literature, because of strength variations of different fiber types and an improper fiber‐matrix stress distribution. Therefore, it is aimed to develop sustainable hybrid composites from two dry fiber preforms—woven fabric and short fiber preform—originated from same fiber type (jute). A highly packed short fiber preform is used as the core layer, while woven fabrics (plain/twill–rib/twill–diamond) are used in the skin layers for producing sandwiched hybrid jute composites. Mechanical tests and scanning electron microscopy images show that hybridized plain fabric/short fiber preform composites have better mechanical properties (≈58 MPa tensile strength/≈117 MPa flexural strength/≈112.12 kJm−2 impact strength with an ≈487.4% improvement) compared to other fabric structures hybrid/nonhybrid composites. This enhancement is related to the interlocking of short fibers with long plain fabric leading to a strong fiber‐matrix interfacial bonding. Thus, this developed hybrid composites, can be applied in many semi‐structural applications, wherein composites’ low cost and mechanical performances are primary concerns.
Multi‐objective optimization of three mechanical properties of Mg alloys through machine learning
Authors: Gou Wei , Shi Zhang‐Zhi , Zhu Yuman , Gu Xin‐Fu , Dai Fu‐Zhi , Gao Xing‐Yu , Wang Lu‐Ning 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConventional trial‐and‐error method is usually time‐consuming and expensive for multi‐objective optimization of Mg alloys. Although machine learning exhibits great potential to accelerate related research studies, machine learning prediction of properties of Mg alloys is often a prediction of a single target at a time. To address this, this paper integrates non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm III multi‐objective optimization algorithm with light gradient boosting machine algorithm to simultaneously optimize yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of Mg alloys. This is the first time that simultaneous machine learning optimization of these three objectives has been achieved for Mg alloys.
Unexpected complexity in the molecular diagnosis of spastic paraplegia 11
Authors: Mademont‐Soler Irene , Esteba‐Castillo Susanna , Jiménez‐Xifra Aida , Alemany Berta , Ribas‐Vidal Núria , Cutillas Maria , Coll Mònica , Pinsach Mel·lina , Pagans Sara , Alcalde Mireia , Viñas‐Jornet Marina , Montero‐Vale Mercedes , de Castro‐Miró Marta , Rodríguez Jairo , Armengol Lluís , Queralt Xavier , Obón María 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSpastic paraplegia 11 (SPG11) is the most prevalent form of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia, resulting from biallelic pathogenic variants in the SPG11 gene (MIM *610844).MethodsThe proband is a 36‐year‐old female referred for genetic evaluation due to cognitive dysfunction, gait impairment, and corpus callosum atrophy (brain MRI was normal at 25‐years‐old). Diagnostic approaches included CGH array, next‐generation sequencing, and whole transcriptome sequencing.ResultsCGH array revealed a 180 kb deletion located upstream of SPG11. Sequencing of SPG11 uncovered two rare single nucleotide variants: the novel variant c.3143C>T in exon 17 (in cis with the deletion), and the previously reported pathogenic variant c.6409C>T in exon 34 (in trans). Whole transcriptome sequencing revealed that the variant c.3143C>T caused exon 17 skipping.ConclusionWe report a novel sequence variant in the SPG11 gene resulting in exon 17 skipping, which, along with a nonsense variant, causes Spastic Paraplegia 11 in our proband. In addition, a deletion upstream of SPG11 was identified in the patient, whose implication in the phenotype remains uncertain. Nonetheless, the deletion apparently affects cis‐regulatory elements of the gene, suggesting a potential new pathogenic mechanism underlying the disease in a subset of undiagnosed patients. Our findings further support the hypothesis that the origin of thin corpus callosum in patients with SPG11 is of progressive nature.