bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processing of Lovage into High‐Value Components Using Supercritical CO2 and Pressurized Liquid Extraction
Authors: Kemzūraitė Aurelija , Venskutonis Petras R. , Navikienė Diana 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLovage roots, leaves, and stems were extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide (SFE‐CO2), while the residues of SFE‐CO2 were further extracted by pressurized liquid extraction with acetone and methanol. Optimization of SFE‐CO2 parameters resulted in enhanced extract yields from all lovage parts. The antioxidant potential of solid material and extracts was assessed by Trolox‐equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) in two different assays and by the total phenolic content (TPC). TEAC and TPC values of SFE‐CO2 residues were distinctly lower than those of the initial lovage material which indicates that lovage antioxidants are distributed both in lipophilic and fat‐insoluble fractions.
Mass Transfer and Kinetics Study of Heterogeneous Semi‐Batch Precipitation of Magnesium Carbonate
Authors: Han Bing , Qu Haiyan , Niemi Harri , Sha Zuoliang , Louhi‐Kultanen Marjatta 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPrecipitation kinetics and mass transfer of magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) hydrates from a reaction of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and CO2 were analyzed. The effect of CO2 flow rate and mixing intensity on precipitation was investigated under ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. Raman spectroscopy was used to determine the composition of the solids during semi‐batch crystallization. The obtained spectra revealed the dissolution of Mg(OH)2 and the formation of MgCO3. The precipitation rate increased with higher gas flow rate. The rotation speed of the stirrer had a significant effect on the dissolution of Mg(OH)2. In the researched system, the main driver of the precipitation kinetics was the mass transfer of CO2. Nesquehonite (MgCO3·3H2O), as needle‐like crystals, was precipitated as the main product. Raman spectroscopy can serve as a potential tool to monitor the carbonation precipitation process.
ChemInform Abstract: New Visible Light Absorbing Materials for Solar Fuels, Ga(Sbx)N1‐x.
Authors: Sunkara Swathi , Vendra Venkat Kalyan , Jasinski Jacek Bogdan , Deutsch Todd , Andriotis Antonis N. , Rajan Krishna , Menon Madhu , Sunkara Mahendra 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGa(Sbx)N1‐x (x = 0—0.08) layers are synthesized by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on different planar substrates and GaN nanowire substrates using trimethylgallium and trimethylantimonide as feedstock gases and nitrogen as the carrier gas (565—640 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Charge Disproportionation and Magnetoresistivity in a Double Perovskite with Alternate Fe4+(d4) and Mn4+(d3) Layers.
Authors: Ganesanpotti Subodh , Tassel Cedric , Hayashi Naoaki , Goto Yoshihiro , Bouilly Guillaume , Yajima Takeshi , Kobayashi Yoji , Kageyama Hiroshi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe oxygen‐stoichiometric, B‐site‐ordered perovskite Ca2Fe1.1Mn0.9O6 with alternate stacking of Fe and Mn layers is prepared by reaction of Ca2Fe1.1Mn0.9O5 with KClO4 in a molar ratio of 1:0.5 (gold foil, 4 GPa, 550 °C, 45 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Ln(IO3)3 (Ln: Ce, Nd, Eu, Gd, Er, Yb) Polycrystals as Novel Photocatalysts for Efficient Decontamination under Ultraviolet Light Irradiation.
Authors: Wang Wenjun , Cheng Hefeng , Huang Baibiao , Li Xinru , Qin Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaoyang , Dai Ying 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLn(IO3)3 (Ln = Ce, Nd, Eu, Gd, Er, Yb) polycrystals are hydrothermally prepared using aqueous solutions of Ln(NO3)3 or Ln2O3 and HI as precursors (autoclave, 230 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antimalarial Properties, and SAR Studies of Alkoxyurea‐Based HDAC Inhibitors.
Authors: Hansen Finn K. , Skinner‐Adams Tina S. , Duffy Sandra , Marek Linda , Sumanadasa Subathdrage D. M. , Kuna Krystina , Held Jana , Avery Vicky M. , Andrews Katherine T. , Kurz Thomas 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA small series of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (VI) are synthesized and evaluated together with previously described HDAC inhibitors for their antiplasmodial properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Continuous Flow α‐Trifluoromethylation of Ketones by Metal‐Free Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Cantillo David , de Frutos Oscar , Rincon Juan A. , Mateos Carlos , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA novel system for the α‐trifluoromethylation of carbonyl compounds is used, which combines CF3SO2Cl as a source of CF3 radicals and Eosin Y as a photoredox catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation and Electrophile Trapping of N‐Boc‐2‐lithio‐2‐azetine: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 2‐Azetines.
Authors: Hodgson David M. , Pearson Christopher I. , Kazmi Madiha 
Published: July 2014

AbstractProtected methoxyazetidine undergoes α‐lithiation‐elimination to form N‐Boc‐azetine in situ, which can be further lithiated regioselectively at the sp2 center and trapped with a range of electrophiles, including allylic and propargylic halides through transmetalation to copper, affording a direct access to 2‐substituted N‐Boc azetines.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Metal‐Free Construction of Fluorescent 5‐Aryl‐2,3‐dicyanofurans from Simple Aryl Ketones with DDQ.
Authors: Li Jiang‐Sheng , Cai Fei‐Fei , Li Zhi‐Wei , Liu Wei‐Dong , Simpson Jim , Xue Yuan , Pang Huai‐Lin , Huang Peng‐Mian , Cao Zhong , Li Dao‐Lin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTitle compounds [(III), (V), and (VII)] are synthesized by treatment of electron‐rich aryl ketones with DDQ.
ChemInform Abstract: Anomalous Behaviour of cis‐Bicyclo[3.3.0]octane‐3,7‐dione and Its Derivatives During Twofold Fischer Indole Cyclization Using Low‐Melting Mixtures.
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Chinnam Ajay Kumar 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFischer indole cyclization in a low melting mixture of L‐tartaric acid and N,N′‐dimethylurea provides the expected isomer (III) together with unexpected high amounts of the unusual isomer (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Thiazolidinedione—Isatin Conjugates via an Uncatalyzed Diastereoselective Aldol Reaction on Water.
Authors: Paladhi Sushovan , Bhati Meeta , Panda Deepanjan , Dash Jyotirmayee 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe title conjugates are obtained in excellent yields and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Double C—S Bonds Formation via Different Paths: Synthesis of Benzothiazoles from N‐Benzyl‐2‐iodoaniline and Potassium Sulfide.
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyun , Zeng Weilan , Yang Yuan , Huang Hui , Liang Yun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this approach to benzothiazoles copper bromide acts as a catalyst both for traditional cross‐coupling reactions as well as for oxidative cross‐coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem sp3 C—H Functionalization/Decarboxylation of 2‐Alkylazaarenes with Coumarin‐3‐carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Xu Lubin , Shao Zhuzhou , Wang Liang , Xiao Jian 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe present method provides facile access to azaarene‐substituted 3,4‐dihydro(thio)coumarins in a single step.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct, Catalytic, and Regioselective Synthesis of 2‐Alkyl‐, Aryl‐, and Alkenyl‐Substituted N‐Heterocycles from N‐Oxides.
Authors: Larionov Oleg V. , Stephens David , Mfuh Adelphe , Chavez Gabriel 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis one‐step, broad‐scope transformation of N‐oxides to N‐heterocycles hinges on the combination of copper catalysis and activation by magnesium chloride or lithium fluoride.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Domino Reaction Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Bicyclic Pyrrole Derivatives.
Authors: Chen Xue‐Bing , Wang Xiao‐Ying , Zhu Dan‐Dan , Yan Sheng‐Jiao , Lin Jun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFully substituted highly functionalized pyrroles (IV) are synthesized by an acetic acid catalyzed three‐component domino reaction of cyclic ketene aminals (I), arylglyoxal hydrates (II), and indoles (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Strategy to the Synthesis of 4‐Anilinoquinazoline Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Zheng , Wang Cuiling , Sun Yanni , Zhang Ning , Liu Zhulan , Liu Jianli 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of the title compounds starts from indole‐2,3‐dione and gives the products in 70% overall yield in three steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Phenolic Compounds from Artemisia iwayomogi
Authors: Yan Xi‐Tao , Ding Yan , Li Wei , Sun Ya‐Nan , Yang Seo‐Young , Koh Young‐Sang , Kim Young‐Ho 
Published: July 2014

Abstractisolation, structure elucidation and antiinflammatory activities of two new phenolic compounds (I) and (II) along with ten known phenolic compounds
ChemInform Abstract: Seven New Alkaloids from the Roots of Stemona tuberosa.
Authors: Gao Yu , Wang Jun , Zhang Chao‐Feng , Xu Xiang‐Hong , Zhang Mian , Kong Ling‐Yi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSeven new alkaloids, namely 1,9‐epoxy‐9a‐hydroxystenine (I), tuberostemoline A (II) and B (III), tuberostemoninol C (IV), oxotuberostemonine A (V), and the mixture of bisdehydrotuberostemonine D and E (VI), together with four known alkaloids are isolated and screened for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Coumarinolignans Isolated from the Seeds of Brucea javanica.
Authors: Yang Jianhong , Liu Wenyu , Li Shucai , Ye Haoyu , Tang Huan , Chen Lijuan , Peng Aihua 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA new coumarinolignan, cleomiscosin E (I), is isolated together with the known compound cleomiscosin A.
Simple prognostic score for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer with incorporation of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio
Authors: Templeton Arnoud J. , Pezaro Carmel , Omlin Aurelius , McNamara Mairéad G. , Leibowitz‐Amit Raya , Vera‐Badillo Francisco E. , Attard Gerhardt , de Bono Johann S. , Tannock Ian F. , Amir Eitan 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDThe neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a marker of inflammation, has been reported to be a poor prognostic indicator in prostate cancer. Here we explore the use of the NLR to establish a simple prognostic score for men with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with docetaxel. METHODS: In the training cohort, the NLR and other known prognostic variables were evaluated among a cohort of chemotherapy‐naïve patients treated with thrice‐weekly docetaxel at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre. Significant prognostic variables identified by univariable Cox regression were evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves. Multivariable Cox regression was then used to derive a prognostic score where 1 risk point was assigned for each significant variable. The model was externally validated in a cohort of patients treated at the Royal Marsden. RESULTS: Three hudred fifty‐seven patients were analyzed in the training cohort. Median age was 71 years, 12% had liver metastasis, and median overall survival (OS) was 14.7 months. Liver metastases, hemoglobin <12 g/dL, alkaline phosphatase >2.0× upper limit of normal (ULN), lactate dehydrogenase >1.2× ULN, and NLR >3 were associated with significantly worse OS in multivariable analysis. Four risk categories were subsequently established with 0, 1, 2, and 3‐5 points. Two‐year OS rates for these categories were 43%, 37%, 12%, and 3%, respectively. Area under the curve for the training cohort was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.72‐0.84) compared with 0.66 (95% CI, 0.58‐0.74) for the 215 patients in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS: This simple risk score provides good prognostic and discriminatory accuracy for men with mCRPC. Cancer 2014;120:3346–3352. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Pd–Tetrahydrosalan‐Type Complexes as Catalysts for Sonogashira Couplings in Water: Efficient Greening of the Procedure
Authors: Voronova Krisztina , Homolya Levente , Udvardy Antal , Bényei Attila C. , Joó Ferenc 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNew sulfonated tetrahydrosalen‐type ligands and their water‐soluble palladium(II) complexes have been synthesized. The palladium(II) complexes catalyze the Sonogashira coupling (23 examples) of various aryl halides (including chloroarenes) with terminal alkynes, with good to excellent conversions under mild conditions (80 °C, air, no CuI cocatalyst) in aqueous–organic mixtures and turnover frequencies of up to 2790 h−1. Under optimized reaction conditions to minimize environmental contamination, diphenylacetylenes can be isolated in 76–98 % yield. The aqueous catalyst solution can be recycled four times with decreasing activity; however, yields between 93 and 98 % can still be achieved with extended reaction times. Several water‐insoluble products can be isolated in excellent yield by simple filtration and purification by washing with water; this method is used, for the first time, for this type of CC coupling procedure.
Compulsory treatment in anorexia nervosa: A review
Authors: Elzakkers Isis F.F.M. , Danner Unna N. , Hoek Hans W. , Schmidt Ulrike , van Elburg Annemarie A. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveCompulsory in‐patient refeeding of patients with severe anorexia nervosa (AN) has caused considerable controversy. The effects of such treatment on longer‐term outcome are not well known. The objective of this article is to review the evidence on the outcome of compulsory treatment for AN.MethodThree large databases were searched for studies regarding compulsory treatment in AN.ResultsDetained patients have more severe symptoms and comorbidity and a longer duration of inpatient stay. In the short term compulsory refeeding in AN appears to be beneficial, but the longer term effects remain uncertain. Clinicians report no worsening of the therapeutic relationship after compulsory treatment.DiscussionIn severe cases of AN where the patient refuses life‐saving treatment compulsory treatment needs to be considered. Future research should focus on the longer term effects of compulsory treatment and also on questions related to mental capacity in AN. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:845–852)
Mature resting Ly6Chigh natural killer cells can be reactivated by IL‐15
Authors: Omi Ai , Enomoto Yutaka , Kiniwa Tsuyoshi , Miyata Naoko , Miyajima Atsushi 
Published: July 2014

Mature NK cells are heterogeneous as to their expression levels of cell surface molecules. However, the functional differences and physiological roles of each NK‐cell subset are not fully understood. In this study, we report that based on the Ly6C expression levels, mature C57BL/6 murine NK cells can be subdivided into Ly6Clow and Ly6Chigh subsets. Ly6Chigh NK cells are in an inert state as evidenced by the production of lower levels of IFN‐γ and granzyme B, and they exhibit poorer proliferative potential than Ly6Clow NK cells. In addition, adoptive transfer experiments revealed that Ly6Chigh NK cells are derived from Ly6Clow NK cells in the steady state. These results strongly suggest that Ly6Chigh NK cells are resting cells in the steady state. However, in vitro, Ly6Chigh NK cells become Ly6Clow NK cells with strong effector functions upon stimulation with IL‐15. Moreover, Ly6Chigh NK cells also revert to Ly6Clow NK cells in vivo upon injection of the IL‐15 inducers polyI:C and CpG. Taken together, these results demonstrate the plasticity of mature NK cells and suggest that Ly6Chigh NK cells are a reservoir of potential NK cells that allow effective and strong response to infections.
A Luminescent Ruthenium Azide Complex as a Substrate for Copper‐Catalyzed Click Reactions
Authors: Kroll Anne , Monczak Katharina , Sorsche Dieter , Rau Sven 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA new ligand and its luminescent polypyridyl–RuII complex were synthesized and characterized. Both provide two azide functionalities in their periphery, which are electronically separated from the π‐system of the 2,2′‐bipyridine ligands by a methylene group. This azide‐functionalized ruthenium complex provides access to the formerly inaccessible substrate spectrum of alkynyl‐functionalized coupling substrates by using the copper(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Test CuAAC reactions were performed on the ligand and directly on the RuII complex by using phenylacetylene as a model substrate, and relatively high yields of the products were obtained under mild conditions. Transformation of the azide into the triazole had only minor influences on the photophysical properties of the polypyridyl–ruthenium core.
Pyrrolidinone and Piperidinone Isocyanides from Isocyano Esters
Authors: Sidhoum Madjid Ait , Dos Santos Aurélie , El Kaïm Laurent , Legras Laetitia 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe alkylation of isocyano esters with 1,2‐ and 1,3‐dibromoalkanes affords bromo isocyanides. Under treatment with various amines the latter form new isocyano‐substituted lactams, which can be further used in Passerini or Ugi reactions.
Seismic performance sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of gravity dams
Authors: Alembagheri M. , Seyedkazemi M. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYUncertainties in structural engineering are often arising from the modeling assumptions and errors, or from variability in input loadings. A practical approach for dealing with them is to perform sensitivity and uncertainty analysis in the framework of stochastic and probabilistic methods. These analyses can be statically and dynamically performed through nonlinear static pushover and IDA techniques, respectively. Of the existing structures, concrete gravity dams are infrastructures which may encounter many uncertainties. In this research, probabilistic analysis of the seismic performance of gravity dams is presented. The main characteristics of the nonlinear tensile behavior of mass concrete, along with the intensity of earthquake excitations are considered as random variables in the probabilistic analysis. Using the tallest non‐overflow monolith of the Pine Flat gravity dam as a case study, its response under static and dynamic situations is reliably examined utilizing different combinations of parameters in the material and the seismic loading. The sensitivity analysis reveals the relative importance of each parameter independently. It will be shown that the undamaged modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of mass concrete have more significant roles on the seismic resistance of the dam than the ultimate inelastic tensile strain. In order to propagate the parametric uncertainty to the actual seismic performance of the dam, probabilistic simulation methods such as Monte Carlo simulation with Latin hypercube sampling, and approximate moment estimation techniques will be used. The final results illustrate the possibility of using a mean‐parameter dam model to estimate the mean seismic performance of the dam. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social support group interventions in people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Leung Phuong , Orrell Martin , Orgeta Vasiliki 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesDespite the large number of studies evaluating social support groups for people with dementia, there are no systematic reviews of current evidence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of social support group interventions for people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment.MethodsA systematic review was performed. We searched electronic databases for randomised controlled trials. Two reviewers worked independently to select trials, extract data and assess risk of bias.ResultsA total of 546 studies were identified of which two met the inclusion criteria. We were not able to pool data for further analyses, as the interventions tested in the studies meeting the inclusion criteria were too dissimilar in content. The first trial (n = 136) showed a benefit of early‐stage memory loss social support groups for depression and quality of life in people with dementia. The second trial (n = 33) showed that post‐treatment self‐reported self‐esteem was higher in the group receiving a multicomponent intervention of social support compared with that in the no intervention control group.ConclusionsLimited data from two studies suggest that support groups may be of psychological benefit to people with dementia by reducing depression and improving quality of life and self‐esteem. These findings need to be viewed in light of the small number, small sample size and heterogeneous characteristics of current trials, indicating that it is difficult to draw any conclusions. More multicentre randomised controlled trials in social support group interventions for people with dementia are needed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iron‐Catalyzed Nazarov Reaction of Indole, Benzofuran, and Benzo[b]thiophene Derivatives
Authors: Sakae Mikei , Oshitani Shun‐suke , Ibara Chie , Natsuyama Machiko , Nokami Toshiki , Itoh Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTNazarov cyclization of indole, benzofuran, and benzo[b]thiophene was accomplished in the presence of catalytic amounts of iron salts. The corresponding cyclization product was obtained for indole derivative in the presence of 5 mol% of Fe(ClO4)3·Al2O3 using the CH2Cl2 solvent system. On the other hand, FeCl3 worked as the common catalyst for realizing cyclization of benzofuran and benzo[b]thiophene derivatives. Very strict combination of the catalyst with solvent was required: 1,2‐dichloroethane was essential for the reaction of benzofuran, while this solvent gave a poor result for benzo[b]thiophene derivatives and CH2Cl2 solvent was the best solvent.
Photoinduced Reductive Coupling of Organochlorosilanes with SmI2/Sm
Authors: Yoshimura Aya , Tomisaka Yuri , Li Zhifang , Nomoto Akihiro , Ogawa Akiya 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTWe report efficient reductive dimerization of chlorosilanes with SmI2/Sm in 1,2‐dimethoxyethane upon visible light irradiation. This procedure can be applied to the synthesis of polysilanes from dichlorosilanes. The molecular weight of the obtained polysilanes was higher and their molecular weight distribution was narrower than the polysilanes produced by reactions with SmI2/Sm in dark.
Estimation of anisotropy coefficient of swine pancreas, liver and muscle at 1064 nm based on goniometric technique
Authors: Saccomandi Paola , Vogel Vitali , Bazrafshan Babak , Maurer Jürgen , Schena Emiliano , Vogl Thomas J. , Silvestri Sergio , Mäntele Werner 
Published: July 2014

Optical properties of tissues are required for theoretical modeling of Laser Ablation in tumor therapy. The light scattering characteristic of tissues is described by the anisotropy coefficient, g. The relationship between the angular distribution of scattered light and g is given by the Henyey‐Greenstein (HG) phase function.This work describes the estimation of anisotropy coefficients of ex vivo swine pancreas, liver and muscle at 1064 nm. The intensities of scattered light at fixed angles were measured under repeatability conditions. Experimental data were fitted with a two‐term HG, estimating the anisotropy coefficients for the forward (e.g., 0.956 for pancreas, 0.964 for liver and 0.968 for muscle) and the backward (e.g., –0.481 for pancreas, –0.414 for liver and –0.372 for muscle) scattering.
Experimental set up employed to estimate the anisotropy coefficient of biological tissues. The image on the left depicts the holder used to house tissue, laser fiber and photodetector; on the left an example of scattered light beam is shown, as well as the effect due to Snell's law.magnified imageExperimental set up employed to estimate the anisotropy coefficient of biological tissues. The image on the left depicts the holder used to house tissue, laser fiber and photodetector; on the left an example of scattered light beam is shown, as well as the effect due to Snell's law.