bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of radicular dentine treated with double antibiotic paste and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on the attachment and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Kim Ki Wan , Yassen Ghaeth H. , Ehrlich Ygal , Spolnik Kenneth , Platt Jeffrey A. , Windsor L. Jack 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThis study explored the effects of dentine treated with two concentrations of double antibiotic paste (DAP) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the attachment and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).Materials and MethodsRadicular dentine samples were prepared with identical dimensions and randomized into six groups (n = 4). Four groups were treated with double antibiotic paste (DAP) at concentrations of 500 mg ml−1 or 1 mg ml−1 with or without EDTA. The other two groups were treated with EDTA only or received no treatment. DPSCs were seeded on each dentine sample (10 000 cells per sample). Lactate dehydrogenase activity assays were used to calculate the attached DPSCs after 1 day of incubation. Water soluble tetrazolium assays were performed to investigate DPSCs proliferation on the treated dentine samples after three additional days of incubation. Two‐way anova followed by Tukey–Kramer tests was used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05).ResultsDentine treated with 1 or 500 mg ml−1 of DAP followed by EDTA caused significant increases in DPSCs attachment compared to the dentine treated with the DAP alone. The 500 mg ml−1 of DAP with or without EDTA caused significant reductions in DPSCs proliferation. However, the treatment of dentine with 1 mg ml−1 of DAP did not have significant negative effects on DPSCs proliferation regardless of the use of EDTA.ConclusionThe use of 1 mg ml−1 of DAP followed by 10 min of irrigation with EDTA in endodontic regeneration procedure may have no negative effects on the attachment and proliferation of DPSCs.
Outreach clinical dental education: the Portsmouth experience – a 4‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Radford D. R. , Holmes S. , Dunne S. M. , Woolford M. J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe Portsmouth Dental Academy (UPDA) was opened in September 2010 and was a development from the highly successful School of Professionals Complementary to Dentistry (2004–2010). The aim of the Academy was to provide integrated team education for all dental professionals in a primary care setting. The dental students are on outreach from King's College London, and the dental care professional students are registered at the University of Portsmouth.ObjectivesTo evaluate the dental students response to the residential outreach educational experience at the UPDA.MethodsA 49‐item questionnaire divided into nine domains that provided both qualitative data and quantitative data were administered at the end of the longitudinal 10‐week placement, to four successive cohorts of students in 2010–2014.ResultsA 95% return rate was achieved. Students valued highly the quality of the clinical teaching. Through their experience, they felt they understood fully the role of the dentist in care planning in primary care and felt well prepared for dental foundation training. This educational success is unpinned with successful maintenance factors including a well‐organised induction period and giving the students a sense of belongingness, empowerment and autonomy for their personal development as new graduates.ConclusionWithin the limitations of the questionnaire study over the 4‐year period, the students were very positive about all the aspects of this residential outreach education at the UPDA but particularly valued the immersion in clinical dentistry and the bridging from dental school to their dental foundation training.
Overexpression of cryoglobulin‐like single‐chain antibody induces morular cell phenotype via liquid–liquid phase separation in the secretory pathway organelles
Authors: Hasegawa Haruki , Patel Neha , Lim Ai Ching 
Published: June 2015

Cryoprecipitation of immunoglobulins is often reported in association with B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders and plasma cell dyscrasias. However, the biochemical basis of such cryoglobulin behaviors is not well understood because of a general lack of suitable experimental systems. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a single‐chain antibody (scFv–Fc) that recapitulates cryoglobulin‐like properties. When model scFv–Fc protein was engineered to multimerize, by appending the secretory tailpiece (stp) of human immunoglobulin μ‐chain to the C terminus, the resulting oligomeric scFv–Fc–stp protein acquired two unexpected properties: the induction of a morular cell phenotype during protein biosynthesis and the cryoprecipitation of secreted proteins in harvested cell culture media. The turbidity of the culture media and the inclusion bodies that gave morular appearances were attributed to microscopic spherical protein droplet formation, a hallmark characteristic of liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) event. Mutagenesis approaches revealed that these two phenomena were independent of covalent protein oligomerization induced by stp. Disruption of the N‐linked glycosylation motif in the stp region enhanced morular phenotype propensity but reduced protein secretion. Intermolecular disulfide bonds that stabilize Fc dimers and oligomers were necessary for efficient induction of LLPS, but their simultaneous elimination could not abrogate the LLPS propensity completely. Noncovalent protein–protein interactions between scFv–Fc–stp chains sufficiently established a basis for LLPS induction. Morular cell phenotypes and cryoprecipitation were clearly underpinned by intrinsic physicochemical properties embedded in the overexpressed cargo protein. Overproduction of condensation‐prone secretory proteins that culminate in LLPS in the endoplasmic reticulum therefore serves as a path to produce morular Russell body phenotype.
Increasing extent of periods of no flow in intermittent waterways promotes heterotrophy
Authors: Acuña V. , Casellas M. , Corcoll N. , Timoner X. , Sabater S. 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Current trends indicate that the duration of the period with no surface flow experienced by temporary waterways is increasing. Even though several studies have already characterised the effects of non‐flow periods on stream ecosystems, the consequences of their increasing duration remain poorly understood.

Replicate artificial streams were used to characterise the effects of the duration of the non‐flow period on stream biofilm processes. We hypothesised that increased duration of the non‐flow period would differentially influence autotrophic and heterotrophic processes and promote heterotrophy (lower P : R ratios). We aimed to identify possible non‐linearities and thresholds in the disturbance–response relationships between the duration of the non‐flow period (six treatments) and stream biofilm processes (six ecological variables representing autotrophic or heterotrophic processes).

The duration of the non‐flow period proved to be important for the balance between autotrophic and heterotrophic processes in stream biofilms, with the autotrophic processes being less resistant but more resilient. Autotrophic and heterotrophic processes also differed in terms of disturbance–response relationships, which were linear for most autotrophic ecological variables and sigmoid logistic for heterotrophic variable. Hence, non‐flow periods had an immediate effect on autotrophic processes, but the effect on heterotrophic processes was delayed and completed only after crossing the ecological threshold of complete desiccation.

These differences involved a shift towards lower P : R ratios at longer durations of the non‐flow period. However, the high resilience of autotrophic processes, mainly related to the ability of diatoms to recover, limited the shift towards lower P : R ratios to the non‐flow period and to the first weeks after flow return.

This study demonstrates the complex effects of flow intermittency on stream biofilm processes, and emphasises the relevance of the duration of the non‐flow period as a predictor of the effects on temporary waterways.
Niche breadth and geographic range size as determinants of species survival on geological time scales
Authors: Saupe Erin E. , Qiao Huijie , Hendricks Jonathan R. , Portell Roger W. , Hunter Stephen J. , Soberón Jorge , Lieberman Bruce S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimDetermining which species are more prone to extinction is vital for conservingEarth's biodiversity and for providing insight into macroevolutionary processes. This paper utilizes the Pliocene to Recent fossil record of mollusks to identify determinants of species' extinction over the past three million years ofEarth history.LocationWesternAtlantic.MethodsWe focus on 92 bivalve and gastropod species that lived during the mid‐Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP; ∼3.264–3.025 Ma) and have either since gone extinct or are still extant. We used ecological niche modeling (ENM) to assess the vulnerability of these species to extinction as a function of both fundamental (FN) and realized (RN) niche breadth proxies, geographic range size, and amount of suitable area available to them during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ∼21 Ka).ResultsGeographic range size emerged as a key predictor of extinction for the studied mollusk species, withRNbreadth and amount of suitable area available during theLGMas secondary predictors. By contrast,FNbreadth was not a significant predictor of extinction risk.Main conclusionsThe failure to recoverFNbreadth as a predictor of extinction may suggest that extinction resistance is achieved when species are more successful in filling the geographic extent of their fundamental tolerances. That is, when it comes to species' survival, being a generalist or specialistsensu strictomay be secondary to the unique historical, dispersal, and biotic constraints that dictate a species' occupation of suitable environments, and consequently of geographic space, at a particular time. Identifying the factors that promote extinction is important because of the time‐intensive nature of estimating extinction risk for individual species and populations, and because of the rising concerns about the future of marine ecosystems and biodiversity.
Side effects of desmopressin in patients with bleeding disorders
Authors: Stoof S. C. M. , Cnossen M. H. , de Maat M. P. M. , Leebeek F. W. G. , Kruip M. J. H. A. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIntroduction: Desmopressin is frequently used in patients with bleeding disorders because of its prohaemostatic effects. In recent years desmopressin use increased due to reported high incidence of inhibitors in mild haemophilia after clotting factor infusion and the rising costs of clotting factor concentrates. The safety and frequency of side effects have hardly been assessed in well‐designed studies. Aim: We therefore prospectively evaluated side effects of desmopressin in a large unselected cohort of bleeding disorder patients, who received a desmopressin test dose. Methods: Blood was drawn prior to, one, three, six and 24 h after desmopressin. Primary outcome was change in serum sodium, haematocrit, serum‐ and urine osmolality, body weight and vital signs. Self‐reported side effects were evaluated as secondary outcome. Results: In total, 108 patients were included, median age 30 years, the majority of whom had von Willebrand disease type 1 (76%). A significant change in water balance parameters was observed. Four patients (4%) had hyponatraemia (≤135 mmol L−1) after 24 h but no severe hyponatraemia occurred (≤125 mmol L−1). After infusion, 41 (38%) patients were hypotensive (≤90 mmHg SBP and/or ≤60 mmHg DBP) and 10 (9%) presented with tachycardia (>100 min−1). However, none of these effects sustained at 24 h. Infusion was discontinued in one patient because of tachycardia, nausea and malaise. Self‐reported side effects included: headache, fatigue, flush and dizziness. Conclusion: Observed side effects correspond with the known antidiuretic and vasomotor effects of desmopressin. Changes in parameters were temporary and not clinically relevant. In conclusion, our study supports desmopressin use as a safe treatment option in patients with various bleeding disorders.
Botulinum toxin type A injection for refractory interstitial cystitis: A randomized comparative study and predictors of treatment response
Authors: Akiyama Yoshiyuki , Nomiya Akira , Niimi Aya , Yamada Yukio , Fujimura Tetsuya , Nakagawa Tohru , Fukuhara Hiroshi , Kume Haruki , Igawa Yasuhiko , Homma Yukio 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo determine whether botulinum toxin type A can represent an alternative treatment option for patients with interstitial cystitis refractory to conventional therapies.MethodsThis is a single‐center, prospective, open labeled, randomized comparative study. Patients with refractory interstitial cystitis were randomly divided into two groups: immediate injection (group A) or 1‐month delayed injection (group B) of botulinum toxin type A after allocation. The rate of treatment response (global response assessment ≥+1: slightly improved), and changes in symptom scores and frequency volume chart variables were compared between groups 1 month after allocation. Using subjects of both groups as a single cohort, predictive factors for treatment response at 1 month post‐injection and the duration of response were explored.ResultsA total of 34 patients (group A n = 18, group B n = 16) were allocated. The response rate was significantly higher in group A than group B (72.2% vs 25.0%, P = 0.01). All symptom measures showed significant improvement in group A than group B. When both groups were combined as a single cohort, the response rate was 73.5% at 1 month, 58.8% at 3 months, 38.2% at 6 months and 20.6% at 12 months. The mean duration of response was 5.4 months. Multivariate analysis showed that past exposure to hydrodistension more than three times correlated with better outcomes.ConclusionsBotulinum toxin type A injection could be an alternative treatment option for patients with interstitial cystitis refractory to conventional therapies, especially for those who have received repeated hydrodistensions and transurethral fulguration.
Prevalence of Zoonotic Giardia duodenalis Assemblage B and First Identification of Assemblage E in Rabbit Fecal Samples Isolates from Central China
Authors: Qi Meng , Xi Jianwei , Li Junqiang , Wang Haiyan , Ning Changshen , Zhang Longxian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGiardia duodenalis is an important zoonotic pathogen, causes diarrhea in humans and animals worldwide. To date, few data are available on the prevalence of G. duodenalis in rabbits in China. In total, 955 fecal samples were collected from rabbits during 2008–2011 in Henan Province, Central China. The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis was 8.4% (80/955) on microscopic analysis, with the highest infection rate (11.3%) in rabbits aged 91–200 d. All G. duodenalis‐positive isolates were characterized at the small subunit ribosomal RNA, β‐giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and triosephosphate isomerase genes. Two assemblages and a mixed assemblage were detected in the rabbits: assemblage B (n = 26), assemblage E (n = 2), and a mixed assemblage of B and E (n = 4). Assemblage B isolates showed variability at the nucleotide sequences belonging to the so‐called subtype BIV, based on analysis of multiple genes. This is the first report of G. duodenalis assemblage E in rabbits, and one novel subtype of assemblage E was identified through sequence analysis of gdh and bg genes, respectively. Our data suggest that rabbits may be reservoirs of G. duodenalis cysts potentially infectious to humans.
Growth characteristics and expression of CD73 and CD146 in cells cultured from dental pulp
Authors: Sivasankar Vaishnavi , Ranganathan Kannan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimDental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in permanent teeth and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous (SHED) teeth are unique sources of mesenchymal stem cells. The aim of this study was to compare the growth characteristics and morphology of DPSCs and SHED and their immuno‐phenotype using CD73 and CD146 in the 1st, 3rd, and 5th passage of cell culture.MethodsGrowth characteristics, morphology, and colony forming efficiency were assessed for SHED and DPSCs. Immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry using CD146 and CD73 was performed for SHED and DPSCs in the 1st, 3rd and 5th passage of culture. Data was analyzed using SPSS™ software (version 17.0.0).ResultsThe seeding efficiency and colony forming unit efficiency was higher in SHED than in DPSCs. Flow cytometry analysis using CD73 and CD146 showed an increase in CD73 expression with increase in passage number in SHED and a decrease in CD73 expression with increase in passage number in DPSCs. There was a decrease in CD146 expression from passage one through five in SHED and DPSCs.ConclusionCells isolated from the pulp of deciduous teeth and permanent teeth show difference in their growth characteristics and phenotype and are a viable source of stem cells.
Individual, social and contextual factors associated with psychiatric care outcomes among patients with intellectual disabilities in the emergency department
Authors: Tint A. , Lunsky Y. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are disproportionately high users of psychiatric emergency services. Despite the demand for psychiatric assessments in the emergency department (ED), no clear guidelines have been established as to what factors should guide clinical decision‐making processes. The current study aimed to explore individual, social and contextual factors related to psychiatric care outcomes among patients with ID in the emergency department.MethodEmergency department charts were reviewed for 66 individuals with ID who visited the emergency department during a psychiatric crisis.ResultsStandardised crisis severity scores were significantly higher in patients seen by psychiatrists as compared with patients who did not receive psychiatric consultations in the emergency department. A significantly greater proportion of patients with moderate or severe levels of ID (vs. borderline/mild) received psychiatric consultations. Emergency department visits resulting in inpatient hospital admission did not differ from those that did not, with the exception of the level of ID: patients admitted to psychiatric inpatient care were more likely to have moderate or severe levels of ID.ConclusionsThe psychiatric care experiences of patients with ID in the emergency department appear highly variable. Further research focused on emergency department clinical decision‐making practices concerning this population is warranted.
The relationship between challenging behaviours, mood and interest/pleasure in adults with severe and profound intellectual disabilities
Authors: Bernstein A. M. , Visconti K. J. , Csorba J. , Radvanyi K. , Rojahn J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated whether current mood and interest/pleasure ratings in adults with moderate to profound intellectual disabilities were predictive of challenging behaviour [self‐injurious behaviour (SIB), aggressive/destructive behaviour and stereotypic behaviour] and vice versa.MethodIn this combined cross‐sectional and longitudinal study, staff members of a Hungarian residential facility completed translated versions of the Behaviour Problems Inventory‐Short Form (BPI‐S), the Challenging Behaviour Interview (CBI) and the Mood, Interest and Pleasure Questionnaire‐Short Form (MIPQ‐S) for 50 participants at two time points, approximately 4 to 5 months apart.ResultsBivariate correlations from data concurrently assessed at Time‐1 showed significant linear relationships between the SIB (both frequency and severity scores) and Interest/Pleasure sub‐scales, and the Aggressive/Destructive Behaviour (severity scores) and the MIPQ‐S Mood sub‐scales (unadjusted for multiple correlations). All of these effects were found with the BPI‐S data, but not with the CBI.Multiple regression analyses revealed that (1) low interest/pleasure assessed at Time‐1 predicted high SIB (frequency and severity) at Time‐2. (2) Interest/pleasure was not predictive of aggressive or stereotypic behaviour. (3) Mood at Time‐1 did not predict any of the three types of behaviour problems at Time‐2. (4) In reverse, high SIB (frequency and severity) at Time‐1 predicted low interest/pleasure ratings at Time‐2. (5) Surprisingly, frequent aggressive/destructive behaviour predicted high interest/pleasure. (6) Stereotypic behaviour scores at Time‐1 did not predict interest/pleasure ratings at Time‐2. Again, all of these effects were only found with the BPI‐S data, but not with the CBI.Internal consistency, test–retest reliability and concurrent validity of the Hungarian versions of all three questionnaires had generally satisfactory outcomes.DiscussionThe fact that increasingly frequent and severe SIB was predicted by declining measures of interest/pleasure is consistent with previous studies. Contrary to those earlier studies, however, we found that SIB was not predicted by mood and that aggressive/destructive behaviour actually predicted future elevated mood. Implications for future research regarding the directional relationship between affective states such as mood and interest and pleasure, on the one hand, and challenging behaviour, on the other, were discussed.
The Vestiges of the U.S. Occupation and the Redefining of the Japanese Woman
Authors: Endo Masako 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article addresses the construction of Japanese womanhood toward the end of the U.S. occupation of Japan (1945–1952). In the early 1950s, the Japanese people were conscious about independence and envisioned a new, positive image of the nation. However, the actual image was overtly sexualized by the presence of numerous women consorting with U.S. servicemen during the occupation. This article explores how the Japanese government attempted to eliminate any sexualized elements from Japan. While focusing on Japanese women who had relationships with foreign men and mixed‐blood children, I argue that they served as the “Other” in redefining post‐occupation femininity.
Melatonin improves bone mineral density at the femoral neck in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Amstrup Anne Kristine , Sikjaer Tanja , Heickendorff Lene , Mosekilde Leif , Rejnmark Lars 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMelatonin is known for its regulation of circadian rhythm. Recently, studies have shown that melatonin may have a positive effect on the skeleton. By increasing age, the melatonin levels decrease, which may lead to a further imbalanced bone remodeling. We aimed to investigate whether treatment with melatonin could improve bone mass and integrity in humans. In a double‐blind RCT, we randomized 81 postmenopausal osteopenic women to 1‐yr nightly treatment with melatonin 1 mg (N = 20), 3 mg (N = 20), or placebo (N = 41). At baseline and after 1‐yr treatment, we measured bone mineral density (BMD) by dual X‐ray absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and high‐resolution peripheral QCT (HR‐pQCT) and determined calciotropic hormones and bone markers. Mean age of the study subjects was 63 (range 56–73) yr. Compared to placebo, femoral neck BMD increased by 1.4% in response to melatonin (P < 0.05) in a dose‐dependent manner (P < 0.01), as BMD increased by 0.5% in the 1 mg/day group (P = 0.55) and by 2.3% (P < 0.01) in the 3 mg/day group. In the melatonin group, trabecular thickness in tibia increased by 2.2% (P = 0.04), and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) in the spine, by 3.6% (P = 0.04) in the 3 mg/day. Treatment did not significantly affect BMD at other sites or levels of bone turnover markers; however, 24‐hr urinary calcium was decreased in response to melatonin by 12.2% (P = 0.02). In conclusion, 1‐yr treatment with melatonin increased BMD at femoral neck in a dose‐dependent manner, while high‐dose melatonin increased vBMD in the spine. Further studies are needed to assess the mechanisms of action and whether the positive effect of nighttime melatonin will protect against fractures.