bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The DNA structure and sequence preferences of WRN underlie its function in telomeric recombination events
Authors: Edwards Deanna N. , Machwe Amrita , Chen Li , Bohr Vilhelm A. , Orren David K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTelomeric abnormalities caused by loss of function of the RecQ helicase WRN are linked to the multiple premature ageing phenotypes that characterize Werner syndrome. Here we examine WRN’s role in telomeric maintenance, by comparing its action on a variety of DNA structures without or with telomeric sequences. Our results show that WRN clearly prefers to act on strand invasion intermediates in a manner that favours strand invasion and exchange. Moreover, WRN unwinding of these recombination structures is further enhanced when the invading strand contains at least three G-rich single-stranded telomeric repeats. These selectivities are most pronounced at NaCl concentrations within the reported intranuclear monovalent cation concentration range, and are partly conferred by WRN’s C-terminal region. Importantly, WRN’s specificity for the G-rich telomeric sequence within this precise structural context is particularly relevant to telomere metabolism and strongly suggests a physiological role in telomeric recombination processes, including T-loop dynamics.
Limited dissemination of the wastewater treatment plant core resistome
Authors: Munck Christian , Albertsen Mads , Telke Amar , Ellabaan Mostafa , Nielsen Per Halkjær , Sommer Morten O. A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHorizontal gene transfer is a major contributor to the evolution of bacterial genomes and can facilitate the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes between environmental reservoirs and potential pathogens. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are believed to play a central role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. However, the contribution of the dominant members of the WWTP resistome to resistance in human pathogens remains poorly understood. Here we use a combination of metagenomic functional selections and comprehensive metagenomic sequencing to uncover the dominant genes of the WWTP resistome. We find that this core resistome is unique to the WWTP environment, with <10% of the resistance genes found outside the WWTP environment. Our data highlight that, despite an abundance of functional resistance genes within WWTPs, only few genes are found in other environments, suggesting that the overall dissemination of the WWTP resistome is comparable to that of the soil resistome.
What factors control superficial lava dome explosivity?
Authors: Boudon Georges , Balcone-Boissard Hélène , Villemant Benoît , Morgan Daniel J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDome-forming eruption is a frequent eruptive style and a major hazard on numerous volcanoes worldwide. Lava domes are built by slow extrusion of degassed, viscous magma and may be destroyed by gravitational collapse or explosion. The triggering of lava dome explosions is poorly understood: here we propose a new model of superficial lava-dome explosivity based upon a textural and geochemical study (vesicularity, microcrystallinity, cristobalite distribution, residual water contents, crystal transit times) of clasts produced by key eruptions. Superficial explosion of a growing lava dome may be promoted through porosity reduction caused by both vesicle flattening due to gas escape and syn-eruptive cristobalite precipitation. Both processes generate an impermeable and rigid carapace allowing overpressurisation of the inner parts of the lava dome by the rapid input of vesiculated magma batches. The relative thickness of the cristobalite-rich carapace is an inverse function of the external lava dome surface area. Explosive activity is thus more likely to occur at the onset of lava dome extrusion, in agreement with observations, as the likelihood of superficial lava dome explosions depends inversely on lava dome volume. This new result is of interest for the whole volcanological community and for risk management.
Simultaneous MR imaging for tissue engineering in a rat model of stroke
Authors: Nicholls Francesca J. , Ling Wen , Ferrauto Giuseppe , Aime Silvio , Modo Michel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn situ tissue engineering within a stroke cavity is gradually emerging as a novel therapeutic paradigm. Considering the varied lesion topology within each subject, the placement and distribution of cells within the lesion cavity is challenging. The use of multiple cell types to reconstruct damaged tissue illustrates the complexity of the process, but also highlights the challenges to provide a non-invasive assessment. The distribution of implanted cells within the lesion cavity and crucially the contribution of neural stem cells and endothelial cells to morphogenesis could be visualized simultaneously using two paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (paraCEST) agents. The development of sophisticated imaging methods is essential to guide delivery of the building blocks for in situ tissue engineering, but will also be essential to understand the dynamics of cellular interactions leading to the formation of de novo tissue.
Hypothalamic overexpression of mutant huntingtin causes dysregulation of brown adipose tissue
Authors: Soylu-Kucharz Rana , Adlesic Natalie , Baldo Barbara , Kirik Deniz , Petersén Åsa 
Published: September 2015

AbstractExpression of mutant huntingtin (htt) protein has been shown to cause metabolic imbalance in animal models of Huntington disease (HD). The pathways involved are not fully understood but dysfunction of both the hypothalamus and brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been implicated. Here we show that targeted expression of mutant HTT in the hypothalamus leads to loss of the A13 dopaminergic cell group located in the zona incerta and reduced mRNA expression of neuropeptide Y1 receptor in the hypothalamus. Furthermore, this is accompanied by downregulation of uncoupling protein 1 expression and PPARγ coactivator-1 alpha in BAT and a rapid body weight gain. Taken together, our data might provide a mechanistic link between expression of mutant HTT, reduced activity of a hypothalamic dopaminergic pathway and dysfunction of BAT and in part explain the development of an obese phenotype in HD mouse models.
Precise colloids with tunable interactions for confocal microscopy
Authors: Kodger Thomas E. , Guerra Rodrigo E. , Sprakel Joris 
Published: September 2015

AbstractModel colloidal systems studied with confocal microscopy have led to numerous insights into the physics of condensed matter. Though confocal microscopy is an extremely powerful tool, it requires a careful choice and preparation of the colloid. Uncontrolled or unknown variations in the size, density and composition of the individual particles and interactions between particles, often influenced by the synthetic route taken to form them, lead to difficulties in interpreting the behavior of the dispersion. Here we describe the straightforward synthesis of copolymer particles which can be refractive index- and density-matched simultaneously to a non-plasticizing mixture of high dielectric solvents. The interactions between particles are accurately tuned by surface grafting of polymer brushes using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP), from hard-sphere-like to long-ranged electrostatic repulsion or mixed charge attraction. We also modify the buoyant density of the particles by altering the copolymer ratio while maintaining their refractive index match to the suspending solution resulting in well controlled sedimentation. The tunability of the inter-particle interactions, the low volatility of the solvents and the capacity to simultaneously match both the refractive index and density of the particles to the fluid opens up new possibilities for exploring the physics of colloidal systems.
Electric control of topological phase transitions in Dirac semimetal thin films
Authors: Pan Hui , Wu Meimei , Liu Ying , Yang Shengyuan A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDirac semimetals host three-dimensional (3D) Dirac fermion states in the bulk of crystalline solids, which can be viewed as 3D analogs of graphene. Owing to their relativistic spectrum and unique topological character, these materials hold great promise for fundamental-physics exploration and practical applications. Particularly, they are expected to be ideal parent compounds for engineering various other topological states of matter. In this report, we investigate the possibility to induce and control the topological quantum spin Hall phase in a Dirac semimetal thin film by using a vertical electric field. We show that through the interplay between the quantum confinement effect and the field-induced coupling between sub-bands, the sub-band gap can be tuned and inverted. During this process, the system undergoes a topological phase transition between a trivial band insulator and a quantum spin Hall insulator. Consequently, one can switch the topological edge channels on and off by purely electrical means, making the system a promising platform for constructing topological field effect transistors.
Evidence of a dissociation pattern in default mode subnetwork functional connectivity in schizophrenia
Authors: Wang Huaning , Zeng Ling-Li , Chen Yunchun , Yin Hong , Tan Qingrong , Hu Dewen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe default mode network (DMN) is suggested to play a pivotal role in schizophrenia; however, the dissociation pattern of functional connectivity of DMN subsystems remains uncharacterized in this disease. In this study, resting-state fMRI data were acquired from 55 schizophrenic patients and 53 matched healthy controls. DMN connectivity was estimated from time courses of independent components. The lateral DMN exhibited decreased connectivity with the unimodal sensorimotor cortex but increased connectivity with the heteromodal association areas in schizophrenics. The increased connectivity between the lateral DMN and right control network was significantly correlated with negative and anergia factor scores in the schizophrenic patients. The anterior and posterior DMNs exhibited increased and decreased connectivity with the right control and lateral visual networks, respectively, in schizophrenics. The altered DMN connectivity may underlie the hallucinations, delusions, thought disturbances and negative symptoms involved in schizophrenia. Furthermore, DMN connectivity patterns could be used to differentiate patients from controls with 76.9% accuracy. These findings may shed new light on the distinct role of DMN subsystems in schizophrenia, thereby furthering our understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Elucidating key disease-related DMN subsystems is critical for identifying treatment targets and aiding in the clinical diagnosis and development of treatment strategies.
Pathogen infection drives patterns of nutrient resorption in citrus plants
Authors: Cao Jirong , Cheng Chunzhen , Yang Junjie , Wang Qibing 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNutrient resorption processes in the plants infected by pathogen remain poorly understood. Huanglongbing (HLB) is a destructive disease of citrus. HLB-pathogen ‘CandidatusLiberibacter asiaticus’ grows specifically in the phloem of hosts and may cause problems in the plant vascular system after infection. Therefore, it brings a great concern about the phloem nutrient transport and nutrient intra-cycling in HLB-affected plants. We investigated the effects of ‘Ca.L. asiaticus’ infection on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and resorption in different citrus species (i.e.Citrus reticulata,Citrus limonandCitrus maxima). HLB-pathogen infection had distinctive impacts on nutrient resorption in different species. P resorption efficiency substantially decreased in infectedC. reticulataplants relative to the healthy plants in summer, which may account for the marked decrease in the average fruit yield. P resorption was more efficient in infectedC. limonplants than in the healthy plants. However, forC. maximaplants, HLB had no significant effects on N:P ratio in live leaves and resorption efficiency as well as on fruit yield. Keeping efficient internal nutrient cycling can be a strategy of citrus species being tolerant to HLB.
A diphtheria toxin resistance marker for in vitro and in vivo selection of stably transduced human cells
Authors: Picco Gabriele , Petti Consalvo , Trusolino Livio , Bertotti Andrea , Medico Enzo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe developed a selectable marker rendering human cells resistant to Diphtheria Toxin (DT). The marker (DTR) consists of a primary microRNA sequence engineered to downregulate the ubiquitous DPH2 gene, a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of the DT target diphthamide. DTR expression in human cells invariably rendered them resistant to DT in vitro, without altering basal cell growth. DTR-based selection efficiency and stability were comparable to those of established drug-resistance markers. As mice are insensitive to DT, DTR-based selection can be also applied in vivo. Direct injection of a GFP-DTR lentiviral vector into human cancer cell-line xenografts and patient-derived tumorgrafts implanted in mice, followed by systemic DT administration, yielded tumors entirely composed of permanently transduced cells and detectable by imaging systems. This approach enabled high-efficiency in vivo selection of xenografted human tumor tissues expressing ectopic transgenes, a hitherto unmet need for functional and morphological studies in laboratory animals.
Anthelmintic activity of trans-cinnamaldehyde and A- and B-type proanthocyanidins derived from cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)
Authors: Williams Andrew R. , Ramsay Aina , Hansen Tina V. A. , Ropiak Honorata M. , Mejer Helena , Nejsum Peter , Mueller-Harvey Irene , Thamsborg Stig M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, but effects on parasitic worms of the intestine have not been investigated. Here, extracts of cinnamon bark were shown to have potent in vitro anthelmintic properties against the swine nematode Ascaris suum. Analysis of the extract revealed high concentrations of proanthocyanidins (PAC) and trans-cinnamaldehyde (CA). The PAC were subjected to thiolysis and HPLC-MS analysis which demonstrated that they were exclusively procyanidins, had a mean degree of polymerization of 5.2 and 21% of their inter-flavan-3-ol links were A-type linkages. Purification of the PAC revealed that whilst they had activity against A. suum, most of the potency of the extract derived from CA. Trichuris suis and Oesophagostomum dentatum larvae were similarly susceptible to CA. To test whether CA could reduce A. suum infection in pigs in vivo, CA was administered daily in the diet or as a targeted, encapsulated dose. However, infection was not significantly reduced. It is proposed that the rapid absorption or metabolism of CA in vivo may prevent it from being present in sufficient concentrations in situ to exert efficacy. Therefore, further work should focus on whether formulation of CA can enhance its activity against internal parasites.
Estimation of solid–liquid interfacial tension using curved surface of a soft solid
Authors: Mondal Subrata , Phukan Monmee , Ghatak Animangsu 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Unlike liquids, for most solids, surface-tension-induced deformation is insignificantly small and practically negligible. It is unclear if, similar to liquids, the surface tension and surface energy of solids, e.g. cross-linked rubber-like materials, are numerically identical. Previous methods involving such materials allowed only indirect and somewhat inaccurate estimation of the surface tension and therefore could not unambiguously resolve the above question. Here we have attempted to address it by using a solid having an intrinsic curvature. When such a surface is contacted, a liquid curvature of the interface, coupled with the interfacial tension, causes large bulging deflection, analysis of which yields direct and accurate estimation of the interfacial tension, even for relatively stiffer solids.
Extinction reverses olfactory fear-conditioned increases in neuron number and glomerular size
Authors: Morrison Filomene G. , Dias Brian G. , Ressler Kerry J. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Olfactory cues may be paired with traumatic experiences in humans (e.g., the smell of a physical abuser), and subsequent exposure to the environmental odor cue may serve as a reminder of the traumatic event and trigger posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Very few studies have investigated the mechanisms accompanying the processing of emotional learning at the level of specific sensory modalities. The present study demonstrates that extinction specific to the conditioned odor acetophenone (which activates the M71 receptor) reverses conditioning-associated increases in freezing behavior and M71-specific olfactory sensory neuron number and glomerular area in adult mice. These data highlight the potential to exploit sensory system plasticity as a means of ameliorating negative emotional memories that may be tied to peripheral sensory systems.
Regulation of calreticulin–major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I interactions by ATP
Authors: Wijeyesakere Sanjeeva Joseph , Gagnon Jessica K. , Arora Karunesh , Brooks Charles L. , Raghavan Malini 
Published: September 2015

SignificanceCalreticulin mutants that disrupt ATP binding are shown to prolong cellular MHC class I interactions with calreticulin and with the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). To our knowledge, no previous studies have implicated a role for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal ATP as a determinant of MHC class I assembly complex dynamics. These studies also reveal a role for the ATP–calreticulin interaction in broadly regulating the binding of calreticulin to cellular substrates. Because a large number of cell surface and secreted glycoproteins are calreticulin/calnexin substrates, these studies have broad significance toward understanding the cellular mechanisms of protein quality control.
Chemically tunable mucin chimeras assembled on living cells
Authors: Kramer Jessica R. , Onoa Bibiana , Bustamante Carlos , Bertozzi Carolyn R. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Mucins are a diverse and heterogeneous family of glycoproteins that have been implicated in immunity and cancer. This work establishes a rapid and scalable route to synthetic mucin constructs with precisely defined glycan densities and chain lengths. Physical characterization indicates that the constructs both chemically and structurally emulate biological mucins and that dense mucin-type O-glycosylation imparts a remarkable degree of rigidity to the peptide backbone. Dual end-functionalized mucins were covalently conjugated to an engineered membrane protein on live mammalian cells. This strategy allows systematic variation in display of cell surface mucins with numerous applications in understanding the many biological roles of this unusual glycoprotein family.
Prevalence and determinants of symptoms of common mental disorders in retired professional Rugby Union players
Authors: Gouttebarge Vincent , Kerkhoffs Gino , Lambert Mike 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of symptoms of common mental disorders (CMD) (distress, anxiety/depression, sleeping disturbance, adverse nutrition behaviour, adverse alcohol behaviour and smoking) among retired professional Rugby Union players. The secondary aim was to explore the associations between stressors (life events, Rugby Union career dissatisfaction) and the health conditions under study. Therefore, cross‐sectional analyses were conducted on baseline questionnaires from an ongoing prospective cohort study of retired professional Rugby Union players. An electronic questionnaire was established using validated questionnaires to assess symptoms of CMD and stressors. The electronic questionnaire was subsequently distributed to retired players by the national Rugby Union players’ associations in France, Ireland and South Africa. Among 295 retired professional Rugby Union players (mean age of 38 years), prevalence rates were 25% for distress, 28% for anxiety/depression, 29% for sleeping disturbance, 62% for adverse nutrition behaviour, 15% for smoking and 24% for adverse alcohol behaviour. A higher number of life events were associated with distress (OR = 1.2; 95% CI 1.1–1.4), anxiety/depression (OR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.2–2.1), sleeping disturbance (OR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.2–2.1) and adverse nutrition behaviour (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.3–2.5). A higher level of dissatisfaction of the player's Rugby Union career was associated with distress (OR = 0.9; 95% CI 0.8–1.0), sleeping disturbance (OR = 0.9; 95% CI 0.9–1.0), smoking (OR = 0.9; 95% CI 0.9–1.0) and adverse nutrition behaviour (OR = 0.9; 95% CI 0.8–0.9). In conclusion, our study suggests that prevalence of symptoms of CMD is high among retired professional Rugby Union players, being associated with both a higher number of life events and a higher level of Rugby Union career dissatisfaction.
Journal publishing models in the Czech Republic
Authors: SUCHÁ Ladislava Zbiejczuk , STEINEROVÁ Jela 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTIn 2014 we undertook a survey on the shifts in scholarly publishing in connection with the introduction of open access journals. The editors of more than half of the journals published in the Czech Republic participated in the first part of the study. An extensive questionnaire survey that addressed about 600 editorial boards of specialized journals was performed. We found the majority of journals to be published by smaller and non‐traditional publishers. One of the most remarkable results was the finding that if we focus on economic models and peer‐review models, open access journals do not differ considerably from other journals. Rather than according to the mode of access, much more significant differences may be observed between different types of publishers and between individual fields. It seems that on a local level the expectations associated with open access have not been fulfilled and the difference between subscription‐based journals and open access journals is not so sharp.
Hamiltonian tomography: the quantum (system) measurement problem
Authors: Cole Jared H 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
To harness the power of controllable quantum systems for information processing or quantum simulation, it is essential to be able to accurately characterise the system's Hamiltonian. Although in principle this requires determining less parameters than full quantum process tomography, a general and extendable method for reconstructing a general Hamiltonian has been elusive. In their recent paper, Wang et al (2015 New J. Phys.

17 093017) apply dynamical decoupling to the problem of Hamiltonian tomography and show how to reconstruct a general many-body Hamiltonian comprised of arbitrary interactions between qubits.