bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Ovaprim and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Doses on Spawning Induction and Egg and Larval Quality of Pigfish, Orthopristis chrysoptera
Authors: DiMaggio Matthew A. , Broach Jason S. , Ohs Cortney L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPigfish, Orthopristis chrysoptera, readily undergo vitellogenesis in captivity, but final oocyte maturation (FOM), ovulation, and spawning can be unpredictable. The objectives of this investigation were to assess the effects of various doses of Ovaprim® (sGnRHa [salmon gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analog] + domperidone) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) on FOM, ovulation, and spawning in pigfish. Ovaprim dosages investigated were 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 mL/kg, which were injected into the dorsal musculature of female pigfish. Male pigfish received one half the dosage administered to females to ensure spermiation. HCG doses of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 IU/kg were administered to female pigfish, with male pigfish once again receiving half the female dosage. Eggs were collected over a 72‐h period postinjection and enumerated and assessed for fertilization, hatching percentage, and survival to first feeding. Eggs and larvae were photographed and a suite of morphological parameters was determined. Hormone dose evaluations with pigfish showed that the low‐dose (0.25 and 0.50 mL/kg) Ovaprim treatments resulted in better spawning performance. However, superior egg and larval characteristics validate the 0.50 mL/kg dose as the preferred choice for use with pigfish. The four doses of HCG administered to pigfish performed unreliably in this study; thus, no dose recommendation could be made.
Performance of Alternative Diets Containing Solvent‐Extracted Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles Compared to Traditional Diets for Pond‐Raised Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and Hybrid Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus × Ictalurus furcatus
Authors: Renukdas Nilima , Engle Carole , Lochmann Rebecca , Li Menghe H. , Avery Jimmy , Tucker Craig S. , Bosworth Brian 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTwo concurrent pond studies were initiated in April 2011 to evaluate feeds containing solvent‐extracted distillers dried grains with solubles (SE‐DDGS) in both 28 and 32% protein catfish feeds. Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, were stocked in multiple‐batch production ponds at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (UAPB) and hybrid catfish, ♀ Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Ictalurus furcatus, in single‐batch production ponds at the National Warmwater Aquaculture Center (NWAC), Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial with two protein levels (32 and 28% protein), with and without 20% SE‐DDGS. Fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation, and managed similarly to a commercial farm for 186 d at UAPB and 172 d at NWAC. For channel catfish, two‐way ANOVA showed significant effects of both protein level (28% being better than 32%) and protein source (20% SE‐DDGS diets being better than traditional diets) on yield, survival, total diet fed, and feed conversion ratio (FCR), due primarily to effects on the understocked fingerlings. Partial budget analysis suggested that the 28% protein diet with the 20% SE‐DDGS was preferred economically for the prevailing feed costs. For hybrid catfish, two‐way ANOVA did not show significant differences in total diet fed, yield, survival, and processing yields, but use of SE‐DDGS resulted in a lower FCR. Results showed that both channel and hybrid catfish can utilize 20% SE‐DDGS in the diet without adversely affecting production or processing characteristics.
Numerical models of the thermomechanical evolution of planetesimals: Application to the acapulcoite‐lodranite parent body
Authors: Golabek Gregor J. , Bourdon Bernard , Gerya Taras V. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe acapulcoite‐lodranite meteorites are members of the primitive achondrite class. The observation of partial melting and resulting partial removal of Fe‐FeS indicates that this meteorite group could be an important link between achondrite and iron meteorites, on the one hand, and chondrite meteorites, on the other. Thus, a better understanding of the thermomechanical evolution of the parent body of this meteorite group can help improve our understanding of the evolution of early planetesimals. Here, we use 2‐D and 3‐D finite‐difference numerical models to determine the formation time, initial radius of the parent body of the acapulcoite‐lodranite meteorites, and their formation depth inside the body by applying available geochronological, thermal, and textural constraints to our numerical data. Our results indicate that the best fit to the data can be obtained for a parent body with 25–65 km radius, which formed around 1.3 Ma after calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusions. The 2‐D and 3‐D results considering various initial temperatures and the effect of porosity indicate possible formation depths of the acapulcoite‐lodranite meteorites of 9–19 and 14–25 km, respectively. Our data also suggest that other meteorite classes could form at different depths inside the same parent body, supporting recently proposed models (Elkins‐Tanton et al.; Weiss and Elkins‐Tanton).
Magnetic properties of the LL5 ordinary chondrite Chelyabinsk (fall of February 15, 2013)
Authors: Bezaeva Natalia S. , Badyukov Dmitry D. , Nazarov Mikhail A. , Rochette Pierre , Feinberg Joshua M. , Markov Gennadiy P. , Borschneck Daniel , Demory François , Gattacceca Jérôme , Borisovskiy Sergey E. , Skripnik Anna Ya 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHere we characterize the magnetic properties of the Chelyabinsk chondrite (LL5, S4, W0) and constrain the composition, concentration, grain size distribution, and mineral fabric of the meteorite's magnetic mineral assemblage. Data were collected from 10 to 1073 K and include measurements of low‐field magnetic susceptibility (χ0), the anisotropy of χ0, hysteresis loops, first‐order reversal curves, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and X‐ray microtomography. The REM and REM′ paleointensity protocols suggest that the only magnetizations recorded by the chondrite are components of the Earth's magnetic field acquired during entry into our planet's atmosphere. The Chelyabinsk chondrite consists of light and dark lithologies. Fragments of the light lithology show logχ0 = 4.57 ± 0.09 (s.d.) (n = 135), while the dark lithology shows 4.65 ± 0.09 (n = 39) (where χ0 is in 10−9 m3 kg−1). Thus, Chelyabinsk is three times more magnetic than the average LL5 fall, but is similar to a subgroup of metal‐rich LL5 chondrites (Paragould, Aldsworth, Bawku, Richmond) and L/LL5 chondrites (Glanerbrug, Knyahinya). The meteorite's room‐temperature magnetization is dominated by multidomain FeNi alloys taenite and kamacite (no tetrataenite is present). However, below approximately 75 K remanence is dominated by chromite. The metal contents of the light and dark lithologies are 3.7 and 4.1 wt%, respectively, and are based on values of saturation magnetization.
Plant host and soil origin influence fungal and bacterial assemblages in the roots of woody plants
Authors: Bonito Gregory , Reynolds Hannah , Robeson Michael S. , Nelson Jessica , Hodkinson Brendan P. , Tuskan Gerald , Schadt Christopher W. , Vilgalys Rytas 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMicrobial communities in plant roots provide critical links between above‐ and belowground processes in terrestrial ecosystems. Variation in root communities has been attributed to plant host effects and microbial host preferences, as well as to factors pertaining to soil conditions, microbial biogeography and the presence of viable microbial propagules. To address hypotheses regarding the influence of plant host and soil biogeography on root fungal and bacterial communities, we designed a trap‐plant bioassay experiment. Replicate Populus, Quercus and Pinus plants were grown in three soils originating from alternate field sites. Fungal and bacterial community profiles in the root of each replicate were assessed through multiplex 454 amplicon sequencing of four loci (i.e., 16S, SSU, ITS, LSU rDNA). Soil origin had a larger effect on fungal community composition than did host species, but the opposite was true for bacterial communities. Populus hosted the highest diversity of rhizospheric fungi and bacteria. Root communities on Quercus and Pinus were more similar to each other than to Populus. Overall, fungal root symbionts appear to be more constrained by dispersal and biogeography than by host availability.
Stress response or beneficial temperature acclimation: transcriptomic signatures inAntarctic fish (Pachycara brachycephalum)
Authors: Windisch H. S. , Frickenhaus S. , John U. , Knust R. , Pörtner H.‐O. , Lucassen M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractResearch on the thermal biology ofAntarctic marine organisms has increased awareness of their vulnerability to climate change, as a flipside of their adaptation to life in the permanent cold and their limited capacity to acclimate to variable temperatures. Here, we employed a species‐specific microarray of theAntarctic eelpout,Pachycara brachycephalum, to identify long‐term shifts in gene expression after 2 months of acclimation to six temperatures between −1 and 9 °C. Changes in cellular processes comprised signalling, post‐translational modification, cytoskeleton remodelling, metabolic shifts and alterations in the transcription as well as translation machinery. The magnitude of transcriptomic responses paralleled the change in whole animal performance. Optimal growth at 3 °C occurred at a minimum in gene expression changes indicative of a balanced steady state. The up‐regulation of ribosomal transcripts at 5 °C and above was accompanied by the transcriptomic activation of differential protein degradation pathways, from proteasome‐based degradation in the cold towards lysosomal protein degradation in the warmth. From 7 °C upwards, increasing transcript levels representing heat‐shock proteins and an acute inflammatory response indicate cellular stress. Such patterns may contribute to a warm‐induced energy deficit and a strong weight loss at temperatures above 6 °C. Together, cold or warm acclimation led to specific cellular rearrangements and the progressive development of functional imbalances beyond the optimum temperature. The observed temperature‐specific expression profiles reveal the molecular basis of thermal plasticity and refine present understanding of the shape and positioning of the thermal performance curve of ectotherms on the temperature scale.
Cysteine desulphurase plays an important role in environmental adaptation of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis
Authors: Hidese Ryota , Inoue Takahiro , Imanaka Tadayuki , Fujiwara Shinsuke 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe sulphur atoms of sulphur‐containing cofactors that are essential for numerous cellular functions in living organisms originate from L‐cysteine via cysteine desulphurase (CSD) activity. However, many (hyper)thermophilic archaea, which thrive in solfataric fields and are positioned near the root of the evolutionary tree of life, lack CSD orthologues. The existence of CSD orthologues in a subset of (hyper)thermophilic archaea is of interest with respect to the evolution of sulphur‐trafficking systems for the cofactors. This study demonstrates that the disruption of the csd gene of Thermococcus kodakarensis, a facultative elemental sulphur (S0)‐reducing hyperthermophilic archaeon, encoding Tk‐CSD, conferred a growth defect evident only in the absence of S0, and that growth can be restored by the addition of S0, but not sulphide. We show that the csd gene is not required for biosynthesis of thiamine pyrophosphate or molybdopterin, irrespective of the presence or absence of S0, but is necessary for iron‐sulphur cluster biosynthesis in the absence of S0. Recombinant form of Tk‐CSD expressed in Escherichia coli was obtained and it was found to catalyse the desulphuration of L‐cysteine. The obtained data suggest that hyperthermophiles might benefit from a capacity for CSD‐dependent iron‐sulphur cluster biogenesis, which allows them to thrive outside solfataric environments.
Molecular stratification of medulloblastoma: comparison of histological and genetic methods to detect Wnt activated tumours
Authors: Goschzik Tobias , zur Mühlen Anja , Kristiansen Glen , Haberler Christine , Stefanits Harald , Friedrich Carsten , von Hoff Katja , Rutkowski Stefan , Pfister Stefan M. , Pietsch Torsten 
Published: June 2014

AimsWnt activation in medulloblastomas is associated with good outcome. Upfront testing and risk‐adapted stratification of patients will be done in future clinical studies. In a cohort of 186 paediatric medulloblastomas our aim was to identify the optimal methods in standard clinical practice to detect this subgroup.MethodsNuclear accumulation of β‐catenin was analysed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). DNA of FFPE tissue was amplified by PCR for single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing of CTNNB1 exon 3. Copy number of chromosome 6 was analysed by multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification and molecular inversion profiling.ResultsDifferent automated immunostaining systems showed similar results. Twenty‐one of 186 samples had nuclear accumulation in ≥5% of cells, 17 samples showed <5% β‐catenin positive nuclei. None of these 17 cases had CTNNB1 mutations, but 18 of 21 cases with ≥5% accumulation did, identifying these 18 cases as Wnt‐subgroup medulloblastomas. Fifteen of 18 mutated cases showed monosomy 6, 3 had balanced chromosome 6. On the contrary, none of the CTNNB1 wild‐type tumours had monosomy 6.ConclusionsStandard neuropathological evaluation of medulloblastoma samples should include IHC of β‐catenin because tumours with high nuclear accumulation of β‐catenin most probably belong to the Wnt subgroup of medulloblastomas. Still, IHC alone may be insufficient to detect all Wnt cases. Similarly, chromosome 6 aberrations were not present in all CTNNB1‐mutated cases. Therefore, we conclude that sequencing analysis of CTNNB1 exon 3 in combination with β‐catenin IHC (possibly as pre‐screening method) is a feasible and cost‐efficient way for the determination of Wnt medulloblastomas.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor usage and acute kidney injury: A secondary analysis of RENAL study outcomes
Authors: Wang Amanda Y , Bellomo Rinaldo , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Lo Serigne , Cass Alan , Jardine Meg , Gallagher Martin ,   RENAL Study Investigators and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimAcute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased mortality. While angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) are known to slow progression of chronic kidney disease, their role in AKI remains unclear.MethodsThe Randomised Evaluation of Normal vs. Augmented Level Replacement Therapy (RENAL) study data were analysed according to ACEI use over time. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality at 90 days following randomisation. Analyses used a multivariate Cox model adjusted for either baseline or for time‐dependent covariates, and a sensitivity analysis of patients surviving to at least the median time to ACEI initiation.ResultsOf the 1463 participants with available data on ACE inhibitors usage, 142 (9.7%) received ACEI at least once during study data collection. Participants treated with ACEI were older (P = 0.02) and had less sepsis at baseline (P < 0.001). ACEI use was significantly associated with lower mortality at 90 days (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30‐0.71, P < 0.001), and an increase in renal replacement therapy‐free days (P < 0.001), intensive care unit‐free days (P < 0.001) and hospital free‐days (P < 0.001) after adjusting for baseline covariates. Using the time‐dependent analysis, however, the effect of ACEI administration was not significant (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.51‐1.21, P = 0.3). The sensitivity analysis in day 8 survivors produced similar results.ConclusionIn the RENAL study cohort, the use of ACEI during the study was not common and, after adjustment for time‐dependent covariates, was not significantly associated with reductions in mortality. Further assessment of the effect of ACEI use in AKI patients is needed.
Retracted: Can the transtheoretical model motivate patients with coronary heart disease to exercise?
Authors: Zhu Li‐Xia , Ho Shuk‐Ching , Sit Janet WH , He Hong‐Gu 
Published: June 2014

Li‐Xia Zhu, Shuk‐Ching Ho, Janet WH Sit and Hong‐Gu HeThe above article from Nursing & Health Sciences, “Can the transtheoretical model motivate patients with coronary heart disease to exercise?” by Li‐Xia Zhu, Shuk‐Ching Ho, Janet WH Sit and Hong‐Gu He, published online on 4th June 2014 on Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinlibrary.com) DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12150, has been retracted by agreement between the lead author, the journal's Editor in Chief, Teresa Stone, and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to the main study having been previously published.References to the previously published articles:Zhu L‐X, Ho S‐C, Sit JWH, He H‐G. . Patient Educ. Couns. 2014; 95: 384–392. http://www.pec‐journal.com/article/S0738‐3991(14)00129‐3/abstractZhu L‐X, Ho S‐C, Sit JWH, He H‐G. . J. Adv. Nurs. 2014. doi:10.1111/jan.12469 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jan.12469/abstractZhu L‐X, Ho S‐C, Sit JWH, He H‐G. . J. Cardiovasc. Nurs. 2014. DOI: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000162. http://journals.lww.com/jcnjournal/Citation/publishahead/Effect_of_a_Transtheoretical_Model_Based.99700.aspx
Why the Negation Problem Is Not a Problem for Expressivism
Authors: Schwartz Jeremy , Hom Christopher 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Negation Problem states that expressivism has insufficient structure to account for the various ways in which a moral sentence can be negated. We argue that the Negation Problem does not arise for expressivist accounts of all normative language but arises only for the specific examples on which expressivists usually focus. In support of this claim, we argue for the following three theses: 1) a problem that is structurally identical to the Negation Problem arises in non‐normative cases, and this problem is solved once the hidden quantificational structure involved in such cases is uncovered; 2) the terms ‘required’, ‘permissible’, and ‘forbidden’ can also be analyzed in terms of hidden quantificational structure, and the Negation Problem disappears once this hidden structure is uncovered; 3) the Negation Problem does not arise for normative language that has no hidden quantificational structure. We conclude that the Negation Problem is not really a problem about expressivism at all but is rather a feature of the quantificational structure of the required, permitted, and forbidden.
Stay‐green alleles individually enhance grain yield in sorghum under drought by modifying canopy development and water uptake patterns
Authors: Borrell Andrew K. , van Oosterom Erik J. , Mullet John E. , George‐Jaeggli Barbara , Jordan David R. , Klein Patricia E. , Hammer Graeme L. 
Published: June 2014

Summary

Stay‐green is an integrated drought adaptation trait characterized by a distinct green leaf phenotype during grain filling under terminal drought. We used sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), a repository of drought adaptation mechanisms, to elucidate the physiological and genetic mechanisms underpinning stay‐green.

Near‐isogenic sorghum lines (cv RTx7000) were characterized in a series of field and managed‐environment trials (seven experiments and 14 environments) to determine the influence of four individual stay‐green (Stg1–4) quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on canopy development, water use and grain yield under post‐anthesis drought.

The Stg QTL decreased tillering and the size of upper leaves, which reduced canopy size at anthesis. This reduction in transpirational leaf area conserved soil water before anthesis for use during grain filling. Increased water uptake during grain filling of Stg near‐isogenic lines (NILs) relative to RTx7000 resulted in higher post‐anthesis biomass production, grain number and yield. Importantly, there was no consistent yield penalty associated with the Stg QTL in the irrigated control.

These results establish a link between the role of the Stg QTL in modifying canopy development and the subsequent impact on crop water use patterns and grain yield under terminal drought.
Long‐term study of root biomass in a biodiversity experiment reveals shifts in diversity effects over time
Authors: Ravenek Janneke M. , Bessler Holger , Engels Christof , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Gessler Arthur , Gockele Annette , De Luca Enrica , Temperton Vicky M. , Ebeling Anne , Roscher Christiane , Schmid Bernhard , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Wirth Christian , de Kroon Hans , Weigelt Alexandra , Mommer Liesje 
Published: June 2014

Biodiversity experiments generally report a positive effect of plant biodiversity on aboveground biomass (overyielding), which typically increases with time. Various studies also found overyielding for belowground plant biomass, but this has never been measured over time. Also, potential underlying mechanisms have remained unclear. Differentiation in rooting patterns among plant species and plant functional groups has been proposed as a main driver of the observed biodiversity effect on belowground biomass, leading to more efficient belowground resource use with increasing diversity, but so far there is little evidence to support this. We analyzed standing root biomass and its distribution over the soil profile, along a 1–16 species richness gradient over eight years in the Jena Experiment in Germany, and compared belowground to aboveground overyielding.In our long‐term dataset, total root biomass increased with increasing species richness but this effect was only apparent after four years. The increasingly positive relationship between species richness and root biomass, explaining 12% of overall variation and up to 28% in the last year of our study, was mainly due to decreasing root biomass at low diversity over time. Functional group composition strongly affected total standing root biomass, explaining 44% of variation, with grasses and legumes having strong overall positive and negative effects, respectively. Functional group richness or interactions between functional group presences did not strongly contribute to overyielding. We found no support for the hypothesis that vertical root differentiation increases with species richness, with functional group richness or composition. Other explanations, such as stronger negative plant–soil feedbacks in low‐diverse plant communities on standing root biomass and vertical distribution should be considered.