bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathology and sensitivity of current clinical criteria in corticobasal syndrome
Authors: Ouchi Haruka , Toyoshima Yasuko , Tada Mari , Oyake Mutsuo , Aida Izumi , Tomita Itsuro , Satoh Akira , Tsujihata Mitsuhiro , Takahashi Hitoshi , Nishizawa Masatoyo , Shimohata Takayoshi 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate corticobasal syndrome with respect to underlying pathologies, the ability of current clinical criteria to detect early stages of disease, and symptoms and signs predicting background pathologies. We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological findings from patients with corticobasal syndrome. We also analyzed whether those findings fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Finally, we investigated characteristic clinical features that are specific to each background pathology. Of 10 consecutive autopsied patients who had corticobasal syndrome (mean age ± standard deviation, 67.9 ± 9.3 years; male:female ratio, 6:4), three had corticobasal degeneration pathology, three had progressive supranuclear palsy, three had Alzheimer's disease, and one had atypical four‐repeat tauopathy. Nine patients fulfilled Mayo criteria, and all 10 patients fulfilled modified Cambridge criteria at the later stage, but only two patients fulfilled either clinical criteria within 2 years of disease onset. Five patients fulfilled the clinical criteria for possible CBD (p‐CBD), and one patient fulfilled the clinical research criteria for probable sporadic CBD (cr‐CBD) at the later stage. Only two patients fulfilled the criteria for either p‐CBD or cr‐CBD within 2 years of disease onset. Although we could not find any predictive characteristic clinical features that were specific to CBD pathology, only patients with progressive supranuclear palsy developed apraxia of eyelid opening and cerebellar ataxia. Myoclonus and memory impairment, especially if they appear at an early stage of the disease, may predict Alzheimer's disease pathology. Sensitivity of the available clinical criteria for corticobasal syndrome was poor within 2 years of disease onset. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Dynamics of some coupled nonlinear Schrödinger systems in
Authors: Xu Guixiang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we show the scattering and blow up result of the solution for some coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system with static energy less than that of the ground state in , where . We first use the Nehari manifold approach and the Schwarz symmetrization technique to construct the ground state and obtain the threshold energy of scattering solution, then use Payne–Sattinger's potential well argument and Kenig–Merle's compactness‐rigidity argument to show the aforementioned dichotomy result. As we know, it is the first attempt to show the scattering result for the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast quantitative susceptibility mapping with L1‐regularization and automatic parameter selection
Authors: Bilgic Berkin , Fan Audrey P. , Polimeni Jonathan R. , Cauley Stephen F. , Bianciardi Marta , Adalsteinsson Elfar , Wald Lawrence L. , Setsompop Kawin 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo enable fast reconstruction of quantitative susceptibility maps with total variation penalty and automatic regularization parameter selection.Methodsℓ1‐Regularized susceptibility mapping is accelerated by variable splitting, which allows closed‐form evaluation of each iteration of the algorithm by soft thresholding and fast Fourier transforms. This fast algorithm also renders automatic regularization parameter estimation practical. A weighting mask derived from the magnitude signal can be incorporated to allow edge‐aware regularization.ResultsCompared with the nonlinear conjugate gradient (CG) solver, the proposed method is 20 times faster. A complete pipeline including Laplacian phase unwrapping, background phase removal with SHARP filtering, and ℓ1‐regularized dipole inversion at 0.6 mm isotropic resolution is completed in 1.2 min using MATLAB on a standard workstation compared with 22 min using the CG solver. This fast reconstruction allows estimation of regularization parameters with the L‐curve method in 13 min, which would have taken 4 h with the CG algorithm. The proposed method also permits magnitude‐weighted regularization, which prevents smoothing across edges identified on the magnitude signal. This more complicated optimization problem is solved 5 times faster than the nonlinear CG approach. Utility of the proposed method is also demonstrated in functional blood oxygen level–dependent susceptibility mapping, where processing of the massive time series dataset would otherwise be prohibitive with the CG solver.ConclusionOnline reconstruction of regularized susceptibility maps may become feasible with the proposed dipole inversion. Magn Reson Med 72:1444–1459, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genome mining of Streptomyces ambofaciens
Authors: Aigle Bertrand , Lautru Sylvie , Spiteller Dieter , Dickschat Jeroen S , Challis Gregory L , Leblond Pierre , Pernodet Jean-Luc 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Since the discovery of the streptomycin produced by Streptomyces griseus in the middle of the last century, members of this bacterial genus have been largely exploited for the production of secondary metabolites with wide uses in medicine and in agriculture. They have even been recognized as one of the most prolific producers of natural products among microorganisms. With the onset of the genomic era, it became evident that these microorganisms still represent a major source for the discovery of novel secondary metabolites. This was highlighted with the complete genome sequencing of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) which revealed an unexpected potential of this organism to synthesize natural products undetected until then by classical screening methods. Since then, analysis of sequenced genomes from numerous Streptomyces species has shown that a single species can carry more than 30 secondary metabolite gene clusters, reinforcing the idea that the biosynthetic potential of this bacterial genus is far from being fully exploited. This review highlights our knowledge on the potential of Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC 23877 to synthesize natural products. This industrial strain was known for decades to only produce the drug spiramycin and another antibacterial compound, congocidine. Mining of its genome allowed the identification of 23 clusters potentially involved in the production of other secondary metabolites. Studies of some of these clusters resulted in the characterization of novel compounds and of previously known compounds but never characterized in this Streptomyces species. In addition, genome mining revealed that secondary metabolite gene clusters of phylogenetically closely related Streptomyces are mainly species-specific.
BACKWARD 3-STEP EXTENSIONS OF RECURSIVELY GENERATED WEIGHTED SHIFTS: A RANGE OF QUADRATIC HYPONORMALITY
Authors: EXNER GEORGE R. , JUNG IL BONG , LEE MI RYEONG , PARK SUN HYUN 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLet $\alpha : 1, 1, \sqrt{x} , \mathop{( \sqrt{u} , \sqrt{v} , \sqrt{w} )}\nolimits ^{\wedge } $ be a backward 3-step extension of a recursively generated weighted sequence of positive real numbers with $1\leq x\leq u\leq v\leq w$ and let ${W}_{\alpha } $ be the associated weighted shift with weight sequence $\alpha $. The set of positive real numbers $x$ such that ${W}_{\alpha } $ is quadratically hyponormal for some $u, v$ and $w$ is described, solving an open problem due to Curto and Jung [‘Quadratically hyponormal weighted shifts with two equal weights’, Integr. Equ. Oper. Theory 37 (2000), 208–231].
An experimental model to analyse the risk of introduction of a duck-originated H5 low-pathogenic avian influenza virus in poultry through close contact and contaminative transmission
Authors: CLAES G. , MARCHÉ S. , DEWULF J. , VAN DEN BERG T. , LAMBRECHT B. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYAquatic wild birds are often carriers of low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs). If H5 and H7 LPAIVs are transmitted to poultry and have the opportunity to circulate, a highly pathogenic AIV may arise. Contact with aquatic wild birds is one of the most important ways in which these LPAIVs can be introduced into poultry flocks. In this study, the transmissibility of a duck-originated H5 LPAIV between ducks and chickens was analysed in a series of animal experiments, using different transmission routes. Results indicate that the outcome of virus intake by chickens exposed to infectious ducks depends on the way the virus is presented. Faecally contaminated drinking water proved to be the most efficient route by which the virus can be transmitted to chickens. The results from this study also suggest that some duck-originated H5 LPAIVs may be introduced to poultry but do not have the potential to become established in poultry populations.
Variability in Burbot Cohort Abundance at Juvenile and Adult Stages in Columbia Lake, British Columbia
Authors: Taylor Josh L. , Arndt Steven K. A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study examined changes in the abundance of juvenile (age‐0 and age‐1) and adult Burbot Lota lota in Columbia Lake, British Columbia, for the 1991–1999 cohorts. The objectives were to quantify the degree of variation in cohort abundance at different life stages and investigate the timing of recruitment limitation. Adult spawner abundance and age composition were monitored at a tributary spawning site from 1996 to 2001. Juvenile cohort abundance was estimated from 1997 to 1999, providing age‐0 abundance indices for the 1997–1999 cohorts and age‐1 indices for the 1996–1998 cohorts. The number of tributary spawners declined from about 1,500 in 1996 and 1997 to 86 in 1999 and then rebounded to 995 by 2001. Adult length frequency and age composition showed that this fluctuation reflected periodic influxes of strong cohorts that dominated the spawning population. The strongest new cohort (1999) observed at the tributary in 2001 came from the smallest number of tributary spawners. Substantial differences in the juvenile abundance of cohorts spawned from similar numbers of adults (1996, 1997) suggested a density‐independent effect at the egg or larval stage. The 1999 cohort, however, was more abundant than several other cohorts at the adult stage but not at age 0, suggesting a second limiting period after the first growing season. Possible explanations for the exceptional survival of the 1999 cohort include a temporary expansion of interstitial habitat caused by unusually high water levels and low abundance of older Burbot. As large fluctuations in cohort abundance appear to be characteristic of some Burbot populations, inclusion of age composition is recommended for population assessments.
Hearing Sensitivity of the Burbot
Authors: Cott Peter A. , Johnston Tom A. , Gunn John M. , Higgs Dennis M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAcoustic communication is central to the reproductive ecology of many fish species, particularly when conditions prevent the use of visual mating cues. The BurbotLota lotais a freshwater codfish that spawns in a light‐limited, under‐ice environment. Both sexes possess swim bladder muscles, suggesting that both sexes engage in vocalization and that auditory cues are important to their mating system, but research on acoustic communication has been very limited in this species. In the current study we assessed the hearing sensitivity of Burbot from different size‐classes. Burbot hearing was found to be more sensitive in juveniles than in adults, but across size‐classes it was most sensitive at lower frequencies, which is similar to results with other codfishes and corresponds to the sounds produced by gadoids. Anthropogenic noise has the potential to disturb fish. The information gained in this study can be useful in assessing the impact of such noise, particularly under ice cover when Burbot are spawning. Further research is required to determine whether winter‐based resource development activities that generate under‐ice noise are disruptive to Burbot communication and reproduction.
Burbot Early Life History Strategies in the Great Lakes
Authors: Jude David J. , Wang Yu , Hensler Stephen R. , Janssen John 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBurbot Lota lota exhibit four previously known reproductive strategies in the Great Lakes region. In this paper we review those strategies and provide evidence for a fifth one—delayed deepwater spawning. The four known, shallow‐water strategies are as follows: (1) spawning by self‐sustaining, landlocked populations, (2) spawning in tributaries in winter and the exit of larvae to a Great Lake, (3) spawning by residents in a spawning stream with access to a Great Lake, and (4) spawning on unconsolidated and rocky areas in shallow water in winter in the lake proper. Resident, landlocked populations exist in some Michigan and Wisconsin rivers (e.g., the Muskegon River in Michigan). The evidence for winter tributary spawning is the appearance of newly hatched Burbot in the St. Marys and Bark rivers during April–June. Evidence for Burbot juveniles leaving spawning streams is U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service tributory mouth trap data. The evidence for winter nearshore spawning comes from power plant monthly entrainment studies (Mansfield et al. 1983). Our proposed fifth strategy is spring and summer spawning at deep reefs, where there is probably cobble or boulder habitat. Our evidence comes from midlake reefs in Lake Michigan and offshore areas of Lake Huron: (1) we collected adult Burbot at midlake reefs in Lake Michigan, (2) we collected many Burbot larvae (many of which were newly hatched) from Lakes Michigan and Huron in June–August, and (3) we collected a Burbot egg in a PONAR grab in mid‐July from 73 m in southern Lake Huron. An important question remains, namely, which life history strategy provides the highest recruitment success for this species. It may be that adaptability ensures the survival of this important, top‐predator fish during periods of crisis (e.g., encounters with dams, Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus predation).
Effects of Coarse Woody Habitat Complexity on Predator–Prey Interactions of Four Freshwater Fish Species
Authors: DeBoom Corey S. , Wahl David H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPrey refuges are an important mechanism by which habitat structure affects ecological communities. In freshwater fish communities, most research has focused on aquatic vegetation and neglected alternative habitats. We explored the interactions between predator foraging modes of two common littoral piscivores (Muskellunge Esox masquinongy and Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides), and antipredator behaviors of two common prey species (Golden Shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas and Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus) across a gradient of coarse woody habitat (CWH) complexity in a mesocosm setting. We hypothesized that experiments employing a generalist predator (Largemouth Bass) and behaviorally flexible prey (Bluegills) would show a stronger refuging effect of CWH than would a less gbehaviorally flexible prey (Golden Shiners) and an obligate ambush predator (Muskellunge). Predator–prey interactions were observed in laboratory pools containing coniferous deadfalls. A refuging effect of coarse wood was not supported under our experimental conditions. Golden Shiners experienced an increase in mortality rate with increasing coarse wood complexity when preyed upon by Largemouth Bass. Both prey species reduced activity rates with increasing CWH complexity when preyed upon by Largemouth Bass but exhibited different response patterns for changes in shoal size, number of isolated individuals, and proximity to predators, which may explain differences in vulnerability across the habitat gradient. Increasing CWH complexity was associated with changes in Largemouth Bass behaviors, including reductions in activity rates and reduced capture efficiency at intermediate complexities, but the changes depended on the prey species. Habitat complexity did not strongly affect foraging success or behavior of Muskellunge. Our results reinforce the importance of species‐specific behavioral traits in determining influences of physical habitat on predator–prey relationships in freshwater fish communities.
Ups and Downs of Burbot and Their Predator Lake Trout in Lake Superior, 1953–2011
Authors: Gorman Owen T. , Sitar Shawn P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe fish community of Lake Superior has undergone a spectacular cycle of decline and recovery over the past 60 years. A combination of Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus depredation and commercial overfishing resulted in severe declines in Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush, which served as the primary top predator of the community. Burbot Lota lota populations also declined as a result of Sea Lamprey depredation, largely owing to the loss of adult fish. After Sea Lamprey control measures were instituted in the early 1960s, Burbot populations rebounded rapidly but Lake Trout populations recovered more slowly and recovery was not fully evident until the mid‐1980s. As Lake Trout populations recovered, Burbot populations began to decline, and predation on small Burbot was identified as the most likely cause. By 2000, Burbot densities had dropped below their nadir in the early 1960s and have continued to decline, with the densities of juveniles and small adults falling below that of large adults. Although Burbot populations are at record lows in Lake Superior, the density of large reproductive adults remains stable and a large reserve of adult Burbot is present in deep offshore waters. The combination of the Burbot's early maturation, long life span, and high fecundity provides the species with the resiliency to remain a viable member of the Lake Superior fish community into the foreseeable future.
Loss of Functional NADPH Oxidase 2 Protects Against Alcohol‐Induced Bone Resorption in Female p47phox−/− Mice
Authors: Mercer Kelly E. , Sims Clark R. , Yang Carrie S. , Wynne Rebecca A. , Moutos Christopher , Hogue William R. , Lumpkin Charles K. , Suva Larry J. , Chen Jin‐Ran , Badger Thomas M. , Ronis Martin J. J. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundIn bone, NADPH oxidase (NOX)‐derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide are an important stimulus for osteoclast differentiation and activity. Previously, we have demonstrated that chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption generates excess NOX‐dependent ROS in osteoblasts, which functions to stimulate nuclear factor kappa‐β receptor ligand (RANKL)–RANK signaling, thus increasing osteoclastogenesis and activity. This activity can be blocked by co‐administration of EtOH with the pan‐NOX inhibitor diphenylene idonium (DPI).MethodsTo test whether EtOH‐induced bone loss is dependent on a functional NOX2 enzyme, 6‐week‐old female C57BL/6J‐Ncf1/p47phox−/− (p47phox KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice were pair‐fed EtOH diets for 40 days. Bone loss was assessed by 3‐point bending, micro‐computed tomography and static histomorphometric analysis. Additionally, ST2 cultured cells were co‐treated with EtOH and NOX inhibitors, DPI, gliotoxin, and plumbagin, after which changes in ROS production, and in RANKL and NOX mRNA expression were analyzed.ResultsIn WT mice, EtOH treatment significantly reduced bone density and mechanical strength, and increased total osteoclast number and activity. In EtOH‐treated p47phox KO mice, bone density and mechanical strength were completely preserved. EtOH p47phox KO mice had no changes in osteoclast numbers or activity, and no elevations in serum CTX or RANKL gene expression (p < 0.05). In both WT and p47phox KO mice, EtOH feeding reduced biochemical markers of bone formation (p < 0.05). In vitro EtOH exposure of ST2 cells increased ROS, which was blocked by pretreating with DPI or the NOX2 inhibitor gliotoxin. EtOH‐induced RANKL and NOX2 gene expression were inhibited by the NOX4‐specific inhibitor plumbagin.ConclusionsThese data suggest that NOX2‐derived ROS is necessary for EtOH‐induced bone resorption. In osteoblasts, NOX2 and NOX4 appear to work in tandem to increase RANKL expression, whereas EtOH‐mediated inhibition of bone formation occurs via a NOX2‐independent mechanism.
Usefulness of indirect alcohol biomarkers for predicting recidivism of drunk‐driving among previously convicted drunk‐driving offenders: results from the Recidivism Of Alcohol‐impaired Driving (ROAD) study
Authors: Maenhout Thomas M. , Poll Anneleen , Vermassen Tijl , De Buyzere Marc L. , Delanghe Joris R. ,   the ROAD Study Group
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimIn several European countries, drivers under the influence (DUI), suspected of chronic alcohol abuse are referred for medical and psychological examination. This study (the ROAD study, or Recidivism Of Alcohol‐impaired Driving) investigated the usefulness of indirect alcohol biomarkers for predicting drunk‐driving recidivism in previously convicted drunk‐driving offenders.Design, setting, participants and measurementsThe ROAD study is a prospective study (2009–13) that was performed on 517 randomly selected drivers in Belgium. They were convicted for drunk‐driving for which their licence was confiscated. The initial post‐arrest blood samples were collected and analysed for percentage carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin (%CDT), transaminsase activities [alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST)], gamma‐glutamyltransferase (γGT) and red cell mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The observation time for each driver was 3 years and dynamic.FindingsA logistic regression analysis revealed that ln(%CDT) (P < 0.001), ln(γGT) (P < 0.01) and ln(ALT) (P < 0.05) were the best biochemical predictors of recidivism of drunk‐driving. The ROAD index (which includes ln(%CDT), ln(γGT), ‐ln(ALT) and the sex of the driver) was calculated and had a significantly higher area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (0.71) than the individual biomarkers for drunk‐driving recidivism. Drivers with a high risk of recidivating (ROAD index ≥ 25%; third tertile) could be distinguished from drivers with an intermediate risk (16% ≤ ROAD index < 25%; second tertile; P < 0.001) and a low recidivism risk (ROAD index < 16%; first tertile; P < 0.05).ConclusionsOf all routinely used indirect alcohol markers, percentage of carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin is the major predictor of recidivism of drunk‐driving. The association with gamma‐glutamyltransferase, alanine amino transferase and the sex of the driver could have additional value for identifying drunk‐drivers at intermediate risk of recidivism. Non‐specific indirect alcohol markers, such as alanine amino transferase, gamma‐glutamyltransferase, aspartate amino transferase and red cell mean corpuscular volume have minimal added value to % carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin for distinguishing drunk drivers with a low or high risk of recidivism.