bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Henry Reaction Catalyzed by Chiral Schiff Base.
Authors: Ran De‐qiang , Shen Tian‐hua , Zhou Xiao‐cong , Li Jun‐qi , Cui Fu‐na , Ma Chun‐an , Song Qing‐bao 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOptimum reaction conditions are examined for the asymmetric Henry reaction catalyzed by a new chiral Schiff base.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral Ligands with Multiple Stereogenic Centers and Their Application in Titanium(IV)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Desymmetrization of meso‐Epoxides.
Authors: Kumar Manish , Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Ghosh Debashis , Khan Noor‐ul H. , Abdi Sayed H. R. , Bajaj Hari C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNitro‐functionality on the aniline is not tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylation with Unsymmetrical Diaryliodonium Salts: A Chemoselectivity Study.
Authors: Malmgren Joel , Santoro Stefano , Jalalian Nazli , Himo Fahmi , Olofsson Berit 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe arylation reactions of unsymmetrical diaryliodonium triflates (II) with O‐, N‐, and C‐nucleophiles with respect to formation of the phenyl or the corresponding aryl substituted derivative are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of α‐Sulfur‐Substituted Alkylstannanes with Acid Chlorides.
Authors: Kagoshima Hirotaka , Takahashi Naoshi 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCopper salts are found to catalyze the cross‐coupling reaction of α‐sulfur‐substituted alkylstannanes with acid chlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel One‐Pot Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Activity Evaluation of cis‐Restricted Polyhydroxy Stilbenes Incorporating Protocatechuic Acid and Cinnamic Acid Fragments.
Authors: Miliovsky Mitko , Svinyarov Ivan , Mitrev Yavor , Evstatieva Yana , Nikolova Dilyana , Chochkova Maya , Bogdanov Milen G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe title compounds are tested as radical scavenger, antifungal agents, and tyrosinase inhibitors.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound Promoted Expeditious, Catalyst‐Free and Solvent‐Free Approach for the Synthesis of N,N′‐Diarylsubstituted Formamidines at Room Temperature.
Authors: Dar Bashir Ahmad , Ahmad Syed Naseer , Wagay Mohammad Arif , Hussain Altaf , Ahmad Nisar , Bhat Khursheed Ahmad , Khuroo Mohammad Akbar , Sharma Meena , Singh Baldev 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIt is proposed that the use of ultrasound irradiation is the major reason for the efficiency of the simple one‐pot reaction of aromatic amines with triethyl orthoformate to afford formamidines and benzimidazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Containing Ionic Liquid‐Based Ordered Mesoporous Organosilica: An Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Heck Reaction.
Authors: Elhamifar Dawood , Karimi Babak , Rastegar Javad , Banakar Mohammad Hossain 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAryl iodides and bromides and as well as aryl chlorides bearing electron‐withdrawing groups can be used in the Heck coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Sulfa‐Michael Addition of Thiols to trans‐3,3,3‐Trifluoropropenyl Phenyl Sulfone.
Authors: Fang Xin , Dong Xiu‐Qin , Liu Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Chun‐Jiang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe first asymmetric sulfa‐Michael addition of thiols to trans‐3,3,3‐trifluoropropenyl phenyl sulfone (I) for the construction of an unique stereogenic center bearing a trifluoromethyl group and a sulfur atom is achieved in high yields and moderate to good enantioselectivities with a chiral bifunctional amine—thiourea catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Superior Catalytic Performance of Mesoporous Zeolite TS‐1 for the Oxidation of Bulky Organic Sulfides.
Authors: Kang Zhenzhen , Fang Guoyong , Ke Qingping , Hu Jianbo , Tang Tiandi 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe mesoporous zeolite TS‐1 shows high activity and high reusability in the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Nickel‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions and Alkenylative Cyclizations of Ene‐Allenes and Alkenes.
Authors: Noucti Njamkou N. , Alexanian Erik J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe course of the reaction can be controlled by the choice of ligand: PTol3 yields [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition products whereas, PBu3 affords alkenylative cyclization products.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(II)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Intramolecular Aminohydroxylation of Indoles.
Authors: Zhang Yong‐Qiang , Yuan Yong‐An , Liu Guan‐Sai , Xu Hao 
Published: December 2013

AbstractGenerally a diastereomeric ratio <20:1 is observed for the isolated reaction products.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted 1‐Arylazetidines via NaBH4‐Promoted Facile Reduction of C‐3 Functionalized Azetidin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Mehra Vishu , Kumar Vipan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe diastereoselective sodium borohydride promoted reduction of N‐aryl‐2‐azetidinones to the corresponding azetidines is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Displacement of Phenylselenone by a Hydroxy Group: Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Tetrahydrofurans.
Authors: Minuti Lucio , Barattucci Anna , Bonaccorsi Paola Maria , Di Gioia Maria Luisa , Leggio Antonella , Siciliano Carlo , Temperini Andrea 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe starting compounds are prepared by (asymmetric) reduction of γ‐phenylseleno ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Perfluorocyclohexene Bridges in Inverse DiArylEthenes: Synthesis Through Pd‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Activation, Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Their Photoreactivity.
Authors: Yuan Kedong , Boixel Julien , Le Bozec Hubert , Boucekkine Abdou , Doucet Henri , Guerchais Veronique , Jacquemin Denis 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe title reaction affords a new family of 1,2‐di(heteroaryl)perfluorocyclohexenes such as (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Five Membered 2,3‐Dioxo Heterocycles. Part 93. Spiro Heterocyclization of 4,5‐Diaroyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐2,3‐diones with Acyclic Enamine. Crystalline and Molecular Structure of Substituted 1,7‐Diazaspiro[4.4]nonane.
Authors: Silaichev P. S. , Kudrevatykh N. V. , Slepukhin P. A. , Maslivets A. N. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSix title compounds of type (III) are prepared by this first direct spiro heterocyclization of pyrrolediones with an enamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Cross‐Coupling/Cyclization to Build Polysubstituted Pyrroles from Terminal Alkynes and β‐Enamino Esters.
Authors: Ke Jie , He Chuan , Liu Huiying , Li Mengjun , Lei Aiwen 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA novel method is reported for the synthesis of pyrroles (III) by a silver‐mediated oxidative cross‐coupling/cyclization of β‐enamino esters (I) with aryl alkynes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Oxidative Hydroxyalkylarylation of Activated Alkenes by Direct sp3 C—H Functionalization of Alcohols.
Authors: Meng Yuan , Guo Li‐Na , Wang Hua , Duan Xin‐Hua 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA variety of substituted oxindoles is synthesized by a tandem radical addition/cyclization reaction of corresponding acrylamides with different alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of [2.2.1]Heterobicyclic Pyroglutamates.
Authors: Tekkam Srinivas , Johnson Joseph L. , Jonnalagadda Subash C. , Mereddy Venkatram R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAn exceptionally short procedure for the synthesis of heterobicyclic pyroglutamates (V) applies an alkylation of amino acid‐derived iminoesters (I) with Baylis‐Hillman bromide, rhodium‐catalyzed exocyclic olefin isomerization, diastereoselective dihydroxylation, and regioselective lactonization as the key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Novel 2‐(4‐(Substituted‐carboxamido)benzyl/phenyl)benzothiazoles.
Authors: Yilmaz Serap , Yalcin Ismail , Kaynak‐Onurdag Fatma , Ozgen Selda , Yildiz Ilkay , Aki Esin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe novel title compounds (III) and (VI) are prepared and investigated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Fluorescent 2‐{4‐[1‐(Pyridine‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl]phenyl}‐2H‐naphtho[1,2‐d] [1,2,3]triazolyl Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Thermal and Photophysical Properties.
Authors: Padalkar Vikas S. , Phatangare Kiran R. , Sekar N. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThree title derivatives (IX), are synthesized in 9 steps from phenyl acetonitrile (I) via Vilsmeier‐Haack formylation of nitrophenylacetic acid (II), pyrazole ring construction with dialdehyde (V) and hydrazinopyridine (VI), and coupling of the diazotized amino compound (VII) with sulfonic acid substituted naphthylamines (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed α‐(Hetero)arylation of Saturated Cyclic Amines: Reaction Scope and Mechanism.
Authors: Peschiulli Aldo , Smout Veerle , Storr Thomas E. , Mitchell Emily A. , Elias Zdenek , Herrebout Wouter , Berthelot Didier , Meerpoel Lieven , Maes Bert U. W. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe scope of the C2‐arylation and ‐heteroarylation of 1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)piperidines and related 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐membered N‐heterocycles is described using boronic acid esters and a catalytic amounts of Ru3(CO)12.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,4,6‐Tri‐substituted Pyridine Derivatives in Aqueous Medium via Hantzsch Multi‐Component Reaction Catalyzed by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate.
Authors: Penta Santhosh , Vedula Rajeswar Rao 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAn improved Hantzsch pyridine protocol furnishes the title derivatives (III) in high yields without the use of volatile organic solvents.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst Controlled Regioselective Suzuki Cross‐Coupling of 2‐(4‐Bromophenyl)‐5‐chloropyrazine.
Authors: Ashcroft Christopher P. , Fussell Steven J. , Wilford Katie 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Suzuki cross‐coupling between 2‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐5‐chloropyrazine (I) and a range of aryl boronic acids is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antitumor and Antibacterial Activities of Some Novel Tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Abbas Safinaz E. , Abdel Gawad Nagwa M. , George Riham F. , Akar Yahya A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTitle compounds [(III) and (IX)] are synthesized starting from ester (I) or amide (IV), resp., and tested for their antitumor and antibacterial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: 13H‐Quinazolino[3,4‐a]quinazolin‐13‐one: Synthesis and Structural Revision.
Authors: Venkateswarlu Somepalli , Satyanarayana Meka , Ravikiran Pasupuleti , Vijayakumar Anupoju 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of title compound (IV) is revised.
ChemInform Abstract: Some New Pyrazole and Pyrazolopyrimidines: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation.
Authors: Shamroukh Ahmed H. , Rashad Aymn E. , Ali Hatem S. , Abdel‐Megeid Farouk M. E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe novel β‐enaminonitrile derivative (III) is synthesized and can be applied as precursor for the preparation of pyrazoles pyrazolopyrimidines and some of their corresponding N‐acyclic nucleosides.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthesis of Nitro‐Substituted 3,1‐Benzoxazines.
Authors: Andriyanova O. A. , Skladchikov D. A. , Gataullin R. R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA new method for the nitration of compounds (I), (III), (V), and (X) with sodium nitrate in concentrated sulfuric acid is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Anellated Pyrrolo[1,2‐a][1,4]diazepines in Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Stroganova Tatyana A. , Red'kin Viktor M. , Vasilin Vladimir K. , Krapivin Gennady D. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractInteraction of fused pyrrolodiazepines with formaldehyde and secondary amines leads to the new Mannich bases (IV), (VI), (VIII), and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium(I)‐Catalyzed Vinylic C—H Borylation of 1‐Cycloalkenecarboxylates with Bis(pinacolato)diboron.
Authors: Sasaki Ikuo , Doi Hana , Hashimoto Toshiya , Kikuchi Takao , Ito Hajime , Ishiyama Tatsuo 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA series of cycloalkenylboronates (III) and (V) is obtained by a vinylic C—H borylation of corresponding cycloalkenylesters (I) and (IV), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Tuning of Electronic and Photophysical Properties of 2‐Aryl‐1,3‐Benzothiaphospholes.
Authors: Worch Joshua C. , Chirdon Danielle N. , Maurer Andrew B. , Qiu Yunyan , Geib Steven J. , Bernhard Stefan , Noonan Kevin J. T. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA new method to produce the title compounds albeit in low yields is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Insecticidal Activities of cis‐Configuration Nitenpyram Analogues with Benzoyl Hydrazines.
Authors: Xu Xiao , Sun Chuan‐wen , Yang Ding‐rong , Bu Hong‐fei , Wang Jing , Xu Yong‐hua 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe novel nitenpyram analogues are designed by introducing benzoyl hydrazines into nitenpyram as well as a cis‐configured tetrahydropyrimidine ring.
ChemInform Abstract: FTIR Spectroscopy of Adsorbed Probe Molecules for Analyzing the Surface Properties of Supported Pt (Pd) Catalysts
Authors: Belskaya Olga B. , Danilova Irina G. , Kazakov Maxim O. , Mironenko Roman M. , Lavrenov Alexander V. , Likholobov Vladimir A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractReview: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Amino Acids via Homologation of Ni(II) Complexes of Glycine Schiff Bases. Part 2. Aldol, Mannich Addition Reactions, Deracemization and (S) to (R) Interconversion of α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Sorochinsky Alexander E. , Acena Jose Luis , Moriwaki Hiroki , Sato Tatsunori , Soloshonok Vadim 
Published: December 2013

AbstractReview: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Degradation of High Molar Mass Hyaluronan Induced by Ascorbate Plus Cupric Ions Testing of Arbutin in the Function of Antioxidant
Authors: Valachova K. , Rapta P. , Slovakova M. , Priesolova E. , Nagy M. , Mislovicova D. , Drafi F. , Bauerova K. , Soltes L. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractReview: 24 refs.
Kinetic Properties of Carbohydrate–Lectin Interactions: FimH Antagonists
Authors: Scharenberg Meike , Jiang Xiaohua , Pang Lijuan , Navarra Giulio , Rabbani Said , Binder Florian , Schwardt Oliver , Ernst Beat 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe lectin FimH is terminally expressed on type 1 pili of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), which is the main cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). FimH enables bacterial adhesion to urothelial cells, the initial step of infection. Various mannose derivatives have been shown to antagonize FimH and are therefore considered to be promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of UTIs. As part of the preclinical development process, when the kinetic properties of FimH antagonists were examined by surface plasmon resonance, extremely low dissociation rates (koff) were found, which is uncommon for carbohydrate–lectin interactions. As a consequence, the corresponding half‐lives (t1/2) of the FimH antagonist complexes are above 3.6 h. For a therapeutic application, extended t1/2 values are a prerequisite for success, since the target occupancy time directly influences the in vivo drug efficacy. The long t1/2 value of the tested FimH antagonists further confirms their drug‐like properties and their high therapeutic potential.
Impact of national guidelines on brachytherapy monotherapy practice patterns for prostate cancer
Authors: Tseng Yolanda D. , Paciorek Alan T. , Martin Neil E. , D'Amico Anthony V. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Nguyen Paul L. 
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUNDIn 1999 and 2000, 2 national guidelines recommended brachytherapy monotherapy (BT) primarily for treatment of low‐risk prostate cancer but not high‐risk prostate cancer. This study examined rates of BT use before and after publication of these guidelines, as compared with 4 other treatment options.METHODSFrom 1990 to 2011, 8128 men with localized prostate cancer (≤ T3cN0M0) were treated definitively within the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) registry with 1 of 5 primary treatments: BT, external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), EBRT with androgen deprivation therapy, EBRT+BT, or radical prostatectomy. Men were categorized into low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk groups based on the guidelines' risk‐group definitions. Within each risk group, logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) comparing BT with other treatment options between the 1990‐1998 and 1999‐2011 periods, adjusting for age, disease characteristics, and clinic type.RESULTSIn total, 1117 men received BT alone for low‐ (n = 658), intermediate‐ (n = 244), or high‐risk disease (n = 215). BT comprised 6.1% of all treatments in 1990‐1998 versus 16.6% in 1999‐2011 (P < .01). The odds of BT use remained increased after adjusting for potential confounders (OR = 3.06; P < .001) and was seen among low‐ (OR = 4.52; P < .001), intermediate‐ (OR = 2.67; P < .001), and even high‐risk groups (OR = 2.11; P < .001).CONCLUSIONSNational guidelines did not appear to influence practice patterns, as BT monotherapy use increased relative to other treatments from the 1990‐1998 to 1999‐2011 periods in unfavorable risk groups including men with high‐risk prostate cancer. Cancer 2014;120:824–832. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
MYB immunostaining is a useful ancillary test for distinguishing adenoid cystic carcinoma from pleomorphic adenoma in fine‐needle aspiration biopsy specimens
Authors: Pusztaszeri Marc P. , Sadow Peter M. , Ushiku Aya , Bordignon Patrizia , McKee Thomas A. , Faquin William C. 
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUNDThe distinction between adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and pleomorphic adenoma (PA) on fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) can be challenging. Recently, a specific translocation t(6;9) involving the v‐myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) and nuclear factor I/B (NFIB) genes was identified in ACCs, in which it contributes to MYB overexpression. The authors investigated the use of MYB immunocytochemistry in FNAB specimens as an ancillary test for the cytologic diagnosis of ACC.METHODSThe expression of MYB was assessed in alcohol‐fixed cytologic smears of histologically confirmed ACCs (n = 20) and PAs (n = 20) using immunocytochemistry. The corresponding ACCs and PAs from formalin‐fixed, paraffin embedded surgical resection specimens also were stained immunohistochemically for MYB. The nuclear expression of MYB was assessed semiquantitatively using a scoring system (from 0 to 6) that combined the proportion and the intensity of staining. A score ≥4 was considered positive, and a score ≤3 was considered negative.RESULTSOn FNAB material, 80% of ACCs (N = 16 of 20) were immunocytochemically positive for MYB. In contrast, all PAs (N = 20 of 20) were negative for MYB (P < .0001). The sensitivity of MYB on FNAB was 80%, and the specificity was 100% relative to PA. Results on corresponding histology were similar to the cytology results; however, there was often a zonal staining pattern with central areas of tumor (range, 20%‐90%) that lacked immunoreactivity, thus suggesting that the immunoreactivity was maintained better in alcohol‐fixed FNAB material.CONCLUSIONSIn contrast to PAs, a majority of ACCs are immunocytochemically positive for MYB. The test is more effective using alcohol‐fixed FNAB material and is potentially useful for the cytologic distinction of ACC and PA. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:257–265. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
The Lateral and Axial Localization Uncertainty in Super‐Resolution Light Microscopy
Authors: Rieger Bernd , Stallinga Sjoerd 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA study of the uncertainty of localizing single‐molecule emitters for super‐resolution light microscopy is presented. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is found to be superior to least‐squares fitting for low background levels, but the performance difference between the two methods decreases to a few percent for practical background levels. It is shown that the performance limit of MLE, the Cramér–Rao lower bound, is well described by a concise analytical formula with only spot width and signal and background photon count as input parameters. These predictions for the lateral localization uncertainty are compared with the localization error obtained from repeated localizations of the same single‐molecule emitter. Agreement within a few percent is found, thus verifying the validity of the fitting model and the concise analytical approximation. The analysis is extended by novel analytical results for the dependence of the axial localization uncertainty on background level for the astigmatic, bifocal, and double‐helix methods.
High‐Temperature Elastic Moduli of Flux‐Grown α‐GeO2 Single Crystal
Authors: Lignie Adrien , Zhou Wei , Armand Pascale , Rufflé Benoit , Mayet Richard , Debray Jerôme , Hermet Patrick , Ménaert Bertrand , Thomas Philippe , Papet Philippe 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFrom high‐precision Brillouin spectroscopy measurements, six elastic constants (C11, C33, C44, C66, C12, and C14) of a flux‐grown GeO2 single crystal with the α‐quartz‐like structure are obtained in the 298–1273 K temperature range. High‐temperature powder X‐ray diffraction data is collected to determine the temperature dependence of the lattice parameters and the volume thermal expansion coefficients. The temperature dependence of the mass density, ρ, is evaluated and used to estimate the thermal dependence of its refractive indices (ordinary and extraordinary), according to the Lorentz–Lorenz equation. The extraction of the ambient piezoelectric stress contribution, e11, from the C′11–C11 difference gives, for the piezoelectric strain coefficient d11, a value of 5.7(2) pC N−1, which is more than twice that of α‐quartz. As the quartz structure of α‐GeO2 remains stable until melting, piezoelectric activity is observed until 1273 K.
On the Electrochemical Deposition and Dissolution of Divalent Metal Ions
Authors: Pinto Leandro M. C. , Quaino Paola , Santos Elizabeth , Schmickler Wolfgang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe deposition of Cu2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solution has been investigated by a combination of classical molecular dynamics, density functional theory, and a theory developed by the authors. For both cases, the reaction proceeds through two one‐electron steps. The monovalent ions can get close to the electrode surface without losing hydration energy, while the divalent ions, which have a stronger solvation sheath, cannot. The 4s orbital of Cu interacts strongly with the sp band and more weakly with the d band of the copper surface, while the Zn 4s orbital couples only to the sp band of Zn. At the equilibrium potential for the overall reaction, the energy of the intermediate Cu+ ion is only a little higher than that of the divalent ion, so that the first electron transfer can occur in an outer‐sphere mode. In contrast, the energy of the Zn+ ion lies too high for a simple outer‐sphere reaction to be favorable; in accord with experimental data this suggests that this step is affected by anions.
Assembly Dependent Fluorescence Enhancing Nucleic Acids in Sequence‐Specific Detection of Double‐Stranded DNA
Authors: Doluca Osman , Hale Tracy K. , Edwards Patrick J. B. , González Carlos , Filichev Vyacheslav V. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this study the position of the thiazole orange derivative in triplex‐forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) is varied and the fluorescence of the resulting complexes with DNA duplexes, single‐stranded DNAs and RNAs are evaluated. Under similar conditions single attachment of the TO‐dye to 2′‐O‐propargyl nucleotides in the TFOs (assembly dependent fluorescence enhancing nucleic acids, AFENA) led to probes with low fluorescent intensity in the single‐stranded state with fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) of 0.9 %–1.5 %. Significant increase in fluorescence intensity was detected after formation of DNA triplexes (ΦF=23.5 %–34.9 %). Under similar conditions, Watson–Crick‐type duplexes formed by the probes with single stranded (ss) RNA and ssDNA showed lower fluorescence intensities. Bugle insertions of twisted intercalating nucleic acid (TINA) monomers were shown to improve the fluorescent characteristics of GT/GA‐containing antiparallel AFENA–TFOs. Self‐aggregation of TFOs caused by guanosines was eliminated by TINA insertion which also promoted DNA triplex formation at pH 7.2. Importantly these AFENA–TINA–TFOs can bind to the duplex in the presence of complementary RNA at 37 °C.