bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual reality for understanding artificial-intelligence-driven scientific discovery with an application in quantum optics
Authors: Schmidt Philipp , Arlt Sören , Ruiz-Gonzalez Carlos , Gu Xuemei , Rodríguez Carla , Krenn Mario 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) models can propose solutions to scientific problems beyond human capability. To truly make conceptual contributions, researchers need to be capable of understanding the AI-generated structures and extracting the underlying concepts and ideas. When algorithms provide little explanatory reasoning alongside the output, scientists have to reverse-engineer the fundamental insights behind proposals based solely on examples. This task can be challenging as the output is often highly complex and thus not immediately accessible to humans. In this work we show how transferring part of the analysis process into an immersive virtual reality (VR) environment can assist researchers in developing an understanding of AI-generated solutions. We demonstrate the usefulness of VR in finding interpretable configurations of abstract graphs, representing Quantum Optics experiments. Thereby, we can manually discover new generalizations of AI-discoveries as well as new understanding in experimental quantum optics. Furthermore, it allows us to customize the search space in an informed way—as a human-in-the-loop—to achieve significantly faster subsequent discovery iterations. As concrete examples, with this technology, we discover a new resource-efficient 3-dimensional entanglement swapping scheme, as well as a 3-dimensional 4-particle Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger-state analyzer. Our results show the potential of VR to enhance a researcher’s ability to derive knowledge from graph-based generative AI. This type of AI is a widely used abstract data representation in various scientific fields.
The Fruits of the LOA
Authors: Duvall John N 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The marketing claims of the Library of America (LOA) reveal that this institution functions within the tradition of such middlebrow publishing ventures as The Harvard Classics and the Modern Library. All such ventures assure consumers that cultural cache can be theirs through brand loyalty. LOA’s brand identity, however, is fraught with contradictions. While claiming to continue the legacy of highbrow literary critic Edmund Wilson, LOA increasingly publishes volumes devoted to pulp genres that would have been anathema to Wilson. While English departments have been questioning notions of the canon throughout LOA’s history, the publisher, founded in 1980, insists that its books define the canon of US literature. The professoriate, however, has largely ignored LOA’s claims regarding great literature because the publisher also claims to uphold the standards of great scholarship. These brand contradictions serve as a context for assessing a recent addition to LOA’s core collection, William Faulkner: Stories, edited by Theresa M. Towner. I contrast Towner’s editorial methods with those of Joseph Blotner and Noel Polk, who edited LOA’s five volumes of Faulkner’s novels between 1985 and 2003, in order to address what we mean when we say a text is authoritative and corrected.
Evangelical Time, Separatism, and the “Spiritual Travels of Nathan Cole”
Authors: Trocchio Rachel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This essay intercedes in our understanding of the temporal formations that characterized New England’s Great Awakening (1730s-1740s). It takes as its case study the Connecticut farmer Nathan Cole, whose spiritual new birth scholarship has been seen as prototypical of both the instantaneity and the affect of evangelical conversion. This essay contests the predominance of these figurations of the awakenings. Offering literary criticism’s first full engagement with Cole’s archive, rather than keeping to well-known short extracts from his “Spiritual Travels,” it posits the interval as the temporal and literary form that structures Cole’s writing. The essay thus reads Cole’s narrative as something more than a lay account that testifies to evangelical feeling, arguing that his writing instead exhibits continuities with seventeenth-century habits of thought. Particularly, it traces how Cole’s writing carries into the eighteenth century Puritan labors to apprehend doctrines (such as predestination) that were, fundamentally, matters of time. In treating Cole’s text as a document of theological heft and temporal consciousness, as well as spiritual encounter, this essay also asks scholars to consider how turning toward cognitive aspects of devotion provokes our field’s understanding of genre, time, and evangelical experience.
Bigger’s Thing
Authors: Tuhkanen Mikko 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This essay argues that, in Richard Wright’s Native Son (1940), Boris Max’s pronouncement to his client, “This thing’s bigger than you,” indicates not only the aporetic status of Black being—and ultimately, all singularities—in modernity but also the process through which this hard knot can begin to be unraveled. The communist lawyer at once identifies his client with Mary Dalton’s murder and its aftermath (“This thing’s Bigger”) and, through the identification, seems to miss the singularity of his being (“bigger than you”). The double gesture repeats Karl Marx’s identification of the proletariat as the particularity that encompasses the “concrete universal.” Condensed in Max’s speech act, Wright’s argument turns Marx’s characterization of capitalist modernity into one of diasporic modernity. In several of his texts, Wright indicates that, while the modern era promised the emergence of this self-determining, rational being, the birth was aborted by the “tragic error” of the African slave trade and the consequent forms of bad faith that are characteristic of modern racial identities. This history of bad faith has prevented the actualization of modernity’s promise; with Boris Max’s formula for Bigger’s aporetic being, Wright seeks to precipitate modernity’s second coming.
Impact of Stimulation Frequency on Verbal Fluency Following Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Busteed Laura , García-Sánchez Carmen , Pascual-Sedano Berta , Grunden Nicholas , Gironell Alexandre , Kulisevsky Jaime , Pagonabarraga Javier 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
The effects of stimulation frequency on verbal fluency (VF) following subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are not well understood. The present study examines the impact stimulation frequency has on VF following bilateral STN-DBS in PD.

Methods
Prospective study of 38 consecutive patients with PD with low frequency STN-DBS (LFS) (n = 10) and high frequency STN-DBS (HFS) (n = 14), and a non-operated PD control group consisting of patients with fluctuating response to dopaminergic medication (n = 14) homogeneous in age, education, disease duration, and global cognitive function. Patients were evaluated on VF tasks (letter, semantic, action verbs, alternating). A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to assess distinctions between groups. Pre- and post-surgical comparisons of fluencies were performed for operated groups. A mixed ANOVA was applied to the data to evaluate the interaction between treatment (HFS vs. LFS) and time (pre- vs. post-surgery). Strategy use (clustering and switching) was evaluated.

Results
Semantic and letter fluency performance revealed significant differences between HFS and LFS groups. Pre- and post-surgical comparisons revealed HFS negatively affected letter, semantic, and action fluencies, but LFS had no effect on VF. No interaction effect or main effect of treatment was found. Main effect of time was significant for semantic and action fluencies indicating a decrease in postoperative fluency performance. Patients with LFS produced larger average cluster sizes than patients with HFS.

Conclusion
LFS may be less detrimental to VF, but these findings suggest that VF decline following STN-DBS is not caused by stimulation frequency alone.
Interactive visualization of nanopore sequencing signal data with Squigualiser
Authors: Samarakoon Hiruna , Liyanage Kisaru , Ferguson James M , Parameswaran Sri , Gamaarachchi Hasindu , Deveson Ira W 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Nanopore sequencing current signal data can be ‘basecalled’ into sequence information or analysed directly, with the capacity to identify diverse molecular features, such as DNA/RNA base modifications and secondary structures. However, raw signal data is large and complex, and there is a need for improved visualization strategies to facilitate signal analysis, exploration and tool development.

Results
Squigualiser (Squiggle visualiser) is a toolkit for intuitive, interactive visualization of sequence-aligned signal data, which currently supports both DNA and RNA sequencing data from Oxford Nanopore Technologies instruments. Squigualiser is compatible with a wide range of alternative signal-alignment software packages and enables visualization of both signal-to-read and signal-to-reference aligned data at single-base resolution. Squigualiser generates an interactive signal browser view (HTML file), in which the user can navigate across a genome/transcriptome region and customize the display. Multiple independent reads are integrated into a ‘signal pileup’ format and different datasets can be displayed as parallel tracks. Although other methods exist, Squigualiser provides the community with a software package purpose-built for raw signal data visualization, incorporating a range of new and existing features into a unified platform.

Availability and implementation
Squigualiser is an open-source package under an MIT licence: https://github.com/hiruna72/squigualiser. The software was developed using Python 3.8 and can be installed with pip or bioconda or executed directly using prebuilt binaries provided with each release.
ExpOmics: a comprehensive web platform empowering biologists with robust multi-omics data analysis capabilities
Authors: Li Douyue , Min Zhuochao , Guo Jia , Chen Yubin , Zhang Wenliang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Motivation
High-throughput technologies yield a broad spectrum of multi-omics datasets, which offer unparalleled insights into complex biological systems. However, effectively analyzing this diverse array of data presents challenges, considering factors such as species diversity, data types, costs, and limitations of the available tools.

Results
Herein, we present ExpOmics, a comprehensive web platform featuring 7 applications and 4 toolkits, with 28 customizable analysis functions spanning various analyses of differential expression, co-expression, Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), feature selection, and functional enrichment. ExpOmics allows users to upload and explore multi-omics data without organism restrictions, supporting various expression data, including genes, mRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, circRNAs, piRNAs, and proteins and is compatible with diverse gene nomenclatures and expression values. Moreover, ExpOmics enables users to analyze 22 427 transcriptomic datasets of 196 cancer subtypes sourced from 63 projects of The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) to identify cancer biomarkers. The analysis results from ExpOmics are presented in high-quality graphical formats suitable for publication and are available for free download. A case study using ExpOmics identified two potential oncogenes, SERPINE1 and SLC43A1, that may regulate colorectal cancer through distinct biological processes. In summary, ExpOmics can serves as a robust platform for global researchers to explore multi-omics data, gain biological insights, and formulate testable hypotheses.

Availability and implementation
ExpOmics is available at http://www.biomedical-web.com/expomics.
Age grade association: a non state actor in the sustainability of community development projects in Southeast, Nigeria
Authors: Uche Okala A , Uche Ijeoma B , Okafor Agnes E , Ituma Ezichi A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Age grade association is a pattern through which members of the community are grouped into batches according to date of birth. The associations comprise people of equal or about the same age operating within a given community with the aim of individual and collective development. The age grade associations articulate and mobilize resources for the execution of community development projects. They are grassroots agents that serve as an organ for the maintenance of peace, law and order in the community. Some past attempts at community development failed due to the non-involvement of the community members in decision–making processes. This study explored age grade association as a non state actor in sustainability of community development projects in Southeast, Nigeria. Data was drawn from 56 respondents. The instruments for data collection were Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and In-depth interviews (IDIs). Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were employed in selecting the study participants. The study sample was drawn from four communities in four local government areas of Abia and Ebonyi States. The study examined the nature of age grade associations; the contributions of age grade associations and the challenges of age grade associations in sustainability of community development projects. It established that age grade associations are grass root agents that executed and sustained community development projects. The study also found that project site selection is sometimes problematic and this has implications for project sustainability. The study recommends adult literacy education for the social and political empowerment of members of age-grade associations.
Rapid Implementation of Blood Culture Stewardship: Institutional Response to an Acute National Blood Culture Bottle Shortage
Authors: Humphries Romney M , Wright Patty W , Banerjee Ritu , Dulek Daniel E , Champion John C , Gaston David C , Talbot Thomas R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We describe our approach to addressing a nationwide supply issue for blood culture bottles. Aerobic blood culture bottles received from our distributor during 1–15 July 2024 were &lt;1% of typical usage. Through education and ordering restrictions of blood culture, designed to minimize risk, orders were reduced by 49% over a 1-week period.
Identification of missing higher-order interactions in complex networks
Authors: Zhang Chengjun , Suxun Wang , Yu Wenbin , Zhao Peijun , Chen Yadang , Gu Jiarui , Ren Zhengju , Liu Jin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Link prediction has always played a crucial role in unveiling the structural patterns and evolutionary rules of networks. However, as research on complex networks has progressed, the limitations of solely exploring low-order structures have become increasingly apparent. The introduction of high-order organizational theories has not only enriched the conceptual framework of network dynamics but also opened new avenues for investigating the mechanisms of network evolution and adaptation. The complexity and richness of high-order networks pose challenges for link prediction. This study introduces two novel approaches to forecast links in higher-order networks. The first one is to predict links directly in higher-order networks (LPHN), which directly predicts missing links within the higher-order network based on its structure; the other one is to predict higher-order links via link prediction in low-order networks(PHLN), which starts by predicting absent links in a low-order network. Subsequently, the inferred low-order structure is employed as a foundation to extrapolate and reconstruct the predicted higher-order network. Upon comparing the higher-order networks generated by both LPHN and PHLN with the original higher-order networks constructed directly from low-order networks, we discovered that the higher-order networks produced by PHLN exhibit greater accuracy and exhibit a more similar scale of giant components to the original higher-order network. Consequently, the PHLN demonstrates enhanced precision in forecasting the structure of higher-order networks while preserving networks’ structural integrity. Moreover, PHLN exhibits superior performance in the context of large-scale and sparsely connected networks.
Sex-related differences among patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement—a propensity score matched study
Authors: Zierer Andreas , De Paulis Ruggero , Bakhtiary Farhad , Ahmad Ali El-Sayed , Andreas Martin , Autschbach Rüdiger , Benedikt Peter , Binder Konrad , Bonaros Nikolaos , Borger Michael , Bourguignon Thierry , Canovas Sergio , Coscioni Enrico , Dagenais Francois , Demers Philippe , Dewald Oliver , Feyrer Richard , Geißler Hans-Joachim , Grabenwöger Martin , Grünenfelder Jürg , Kueri Sami , Lam Ka Yan , Langanay Thierry , Laufer Günther , Van Leeuwen Wouter , Leyh Rainer , Liebold Andreas , Mariscalco Giovanni , Massoudy Parwis , Mehdiani Arash , Pessotto Renzo , Pollari Francesco , Polvani Gianluca , Ricci Alessandro , Roussel Jean-Christian , Salamate Saad , Siepe Matthias , Stefano Pierluigi , Strauch Justus , Theron Alexis , Vötsch Andreas , Weber Alberto , Wendler Olaf , Thielmann Matthias , Eden Matthias , Botta Beate , Bramlage Peter , Meuris Bart 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We investigated the sex-related difference in characteristics and 2-year outcomes after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) by propensity-score matching (PSM).

METHODS
Data from 2 prospective registries, the INSPIRIS RESILIA Durability Registry (INDURE) and IMPACT, were merged, resulting in a total of 933 patients: 735 males and 253 females undergoing first-time SAVR. The PSM was performed to assess the impact of sex on the SAVR outcomes, yielding 433 males and 243 females with comparable baseline characteristics.

RESULTS
Females had a lower body mass index (median 27.1 vs 28.0 kg/m2; P = 0.008), fewer bicuspid valves (52% vs 59%; P = 0.036), higher EuroSCORE II (mean 2.3 vs 1.8%; P &lt; 0.001) and Society of Thoracic Surgeons score (mean 1.6 vs 0.9%; P &lt; 0.001), were more often in New York Heart Association functional class III/IV (47% vs 30%; P &lt; 0.001) and angina Canadian Cardiovascular Society III/IV (8.2% vs 4.4%; P &lt; 0.001), but had a lower rate of myocardial infarction (1.9% vs 5.2%; P = 0.028) compared to males. These differences vanished after PSM, except for the EuroSCORE II and Society of Thoracic Surgeons scores, which were still significantly higher in females. Furthermore, females required smaller valves (median diameter 23.0 vs 25.0 mm, P &lt; 0.001). There were no differences in the length of hospital stay (median 8 days) or intensive care unit stay (median 24 vs 25 hours) between the 2 sexes. At 2 years, post-SAVR outcomes were comparable between males and females, even after PSM.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite females presenting with a significantly higher surgical risk profile, 2-year outcomes following SAVR were comparable between males and females.
Old tools for the new economy? Counterfactual causation in foreclosure assessment and choice of remedies on data-driven markets
Authors: von Ingersleben-Seip Nora , Georgieva Zlatina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Under the Digital Markets Act, gatekeeper platforms abide by numerous ex-ante rules, including narrow data-sharing obligations that address data-driven market tipping. Gatekeepers also remain subject to ex-post competition interventions. While interventions under both ex-ante and ex-post (antitrust) mandates are not novel, they must be approached with extra care in data-driven digital markets, where uncertainty and error costs are high. Therefore, we argue that post-DMA competition enforcement against gatekeepers requires rigorous ex-post economic effects analysis at two levels: foreclosure assessment and devising appropriate remedies. Regarding foreclosure assessment, we propose a ‘multiple-counterfactual-causation-test’ for establishing anticompetitive effects, which should ensure a nuanced analysis of the competitive landscape on data-driven digital markets in the post-DMA world. Regarding remedies, a fine-grained, proportionality-driven assessment of the need for ex-post data-related obligations is vital.
Isolated diaphragmatic hydatid cyst: a rare entity in the paediatric population
Authors: Mani Salma , Joya Habib Ullah , Alansari Amani N , Youssef Sabrine Ben , Ksia Amine , Al-Zoubi Raed M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Isolated primary diaphragmatic hydatid disease (HD) occurs in approximately 1% of adult cases. However, this unique presentation of a pediatric diaphragmatic cystic mass has not been previously described in the literature. This study reports a rare case of a 12-year-old girl who was diagnosed with a diaphragmatic hydatid cyst. Surgical exploration via subcostal incision revealed an isolated cyst, free from the thoracic and abdominal viscera. Cystotomy, removal of daughter cysts, and excision of the pericyst cavity were performed, followed by diaphragmatic repair. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient completed an 8-week mebendazole regimen with no recurrence at 3 months’ follow-up. This paper recommends including HD in the differential diagnosis for pediatric patients presenting with diaphragmatic lesions, particularly in regions endemic for echinococcosis.
Correction of a severe post-surgical iatrogenic class II anterior open bite with lingual appliances and mini-screws: a case report
Authors: Anh Nguyen Viet , Ly Nguyen Thi Khanh , Viet Hoang , Marya Anand 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An iatrogenic open bite after orthognathic surgery is an uncommon malocclusion, with only one documented case reported in the literature. However, the open bite in this case report was not a true open bite, as it resulted from the interferences between the maxillary second molars and mandibular retromolar bones. This case report aims to present the management of a true iatrogenic open bite with posterior teeth in centric occlusion, occurring after mandibular setback surgery. The anterior open bite accompanied a severe class II malocclusion and increased lower anterior facial height. The patient was treated with fixed lingual appliances and mini-screws to distalize the entire maxillary arch and close the open bite. After treatment, a positive overbite and dental class I relationship was achieved. The treatment outcomes were stable at the 2-year follow-up. Lingual appliances combined with mini-screws may offer effective non-surgical management of iatrogenic open bite after orthognathic surgery.
Clinical and Surgical Implications: Iatrogenic open bites can develop from various causes that include surgical options such as orthognathic surgery or in patients treated with occlusal splint therapy. These may be treated with the help of skeletal anchorage options such as orthodontic mini-screws.
Discussion of the 2023 Hansen Lecture: “Model Selection and Its Important Roles in Surveys”
Authors: Erciulescu Andreea Luisa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The 31st Morris Hansen Lecture gave a broad overview of some fundamental issues regarding the roles of statistical models in surveys, with an emphasis on a method of model selection known as the fence. This discussion provides some general lecture remarks and expands on the possible applicability of the fence methods in small area estimation. Unit-level and area-level small area estimation modeling illustrations are provided. A general variable selection framework for small area estimation is presented, along with recent application studies and ideas for expansion to include the fence methods.