bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontal health of dental clients in a community health setting
Authors: Darby I , Phan L , Post M 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease and possible risk factors in clients attending the Plenty Valley Community Health (PVCH) dental clinic.Methods:  After ethics approval and calibration of examiners, all consenting patients attending PVCH were examined for periodontal status using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) system and a World Health Organization (WHO) probe.Results:  A total of 2861 patients were screened, of which 1751 were female. The majority of patients were Australian born followed by Mediterranean birth. Just under 50% brushed their teeth twice a day and only 20% flossed regularly. It was found that 28.4% had CPI scores of 3 and 4 with only 3.1% recording 0 and a widespread presence of calculus. The severity of periodontal status increased with age, male gender, decreased frequency of brushing, lower level of education, diabetes and reflected country of birth.Conclusions:  PVCH has a higher prevalence of periodontal disease than the most recent national survey which reflects the population studied.
Influence of ultrasonic excitation and heat application on the microleakage of glass ionomer cements
Authors: Gorseta K , Glavina D , Skrinjaric I 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to assess the influence of externally applied ‘command set’ methods on the microleakage of several glass ionomer cements (GICs).Methods:  Four different restorative GICs were cured using three different methods: standard curing (SC), ultrasonic excitation (UC) and by an external heat source (HC). Different conditioning agents (10% polyacrylic and 10% citric acid) were used. The sample comprised 180 teeth with 360 Class V restorations placed on the lingual and vestibular tooth surface. After thermocycling, the teeth were immersed in a dye solution for 24 hours, embedded in acrylic resin, sectioned and evaluated. Oberholtzer criteria were used for margin evaluation. Data were analysed using three‐way ANOVA.Results:  The heat cured GIC showed statistically significant better marginal adaptation compared to the other tested groups (SC, UC) (p < 0.001). GICs in groups with HC and conditioned cavities had lower microleakage scores. The highly viscous material Fuji IX GP Fast in the HC and conditioned cavities group demonstrated the best marginal adaptation. The other three products reacted similarly to heating treatment. Leakage at the enamel margins was significantly lower than the cementum/dentine margins (p < 0.001).Conclusions:  Heating the GIC during setting decreased microleakage, improved marginal adaptation of the GIC restoration and is suitable for clinical practice.
High resolution mapping of reticulated water fluoride in Western Australia: opportunities to improve oral health
Authors: Al‐Bloushi NS , Trolio R , Kruger E , Tennant M 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground:  Drinking water with an optimum fluoride concentration is a recognized effective method to reduce dental decay.Methods:  In this study normal suppliers of drinking water in Western Australia provided map data regarding the distribution of their supplies and the locations of their test points. These data were collated into a single unified map of Western Australian water supplies and fluoride levels. It is clear that the effect of prevention in regionally isolated communities is significant as the cost of providing service is anywhere between 2 and 4 times higher than that in high density regions.Results:  The current study found that although a very significant proportion of the population has access to water with fluoride concentrations that would be caries protective, most of these are large urban centre based.Conclusions:  Those with high burdens of dental disease are mostly residential in rural and remote areas where water is either not fluoridated, nor regulated, or low in fluoride. However, it is acknowledged that water fluoridation, for many reasons, is not always feasible in rural and remote communities, and preventive efforts through alternative sources of fluoride (e.g. toothpaste) should be considered, even if less effective at community level.
Management of severe odontogenic infections in pregnancy
Authors: Wong D , Cheng A , Kunchur R , Lam S , Sambrook PJ , Goss AN 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground:  The objective of this study was to review the management of patients presenting with severe odontogenic infections and who are also pregnant.Methods:  A retrospective clinical audit was conducted of all female patients admitted to the Royal Adelaide Hospital by the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit from 1999 to 2009 with severe odontogenic infections. Pregnant patients were identified and their age, medical history, previous obstetric and gynaecological history, stage of current pregnancy, presenting infection, diagnosis and management were recorded, as well as the outcome of the pregnancy.Results:  A total of 346 female patients were admitted to the Royal Adelaide Hospital under the care of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit with an admission diagnosis of severe odontogenic infection and five were pregnant. Besides surgical and anaesthetic assessment, mother and foetus were assessed by the Obstetric and Gynaecology Unit. In all, five with severe infection were successfully resolved and four proceeded to a normal delivery with a healthy child. The remaining patient had an already planned therapeutic abortion.Conclusions:  Pregnant patients with severe odontogenic infections require urgent referral to a tertiary hospital with full surgical, anaesthetic and obstetric services. This allows appropriate management of the complex requirements of mother and foetus.
Clinical investigation of G‐Bond resin‐based adhesive to non‐carious cervical lesions over five years
Authors: Burrow MF , Tyas MJ 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of G‐Bond all‐in‐one adhesive with Gradia Direct resin composite placed in non‐carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) over a five‐year period.Methods:  Forty‐seven restorations were placed in NCCLs in 10 subjects (age 45–75 years) after written informed consent was obtained. Institutional ethical approval for the trial was obtained before recruitment. Restorations were placed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and using 50% phosphoric acid to etch uncut enamel margins. Patients were recalled annually for five years and restorations reviewed for presence and marginal staining. Photographic records were obtained prior to restoration, immediately after placement and at each recall.Results:  At five years, 6 of the original 10 subjects were available for recall, meaning 27 restoration sites could be evaluated. All restorations remained intact apart for one partial failure at four years. This resulted in a cumulative retention rate of 97.5% of restorations at five years. Marginal staining occurred around seven restorations during the study. Staining tended to be isolated to a few patients.Conclusions:  It was concluded that G‐Bond with Gradia Direct resin composite showed excellent results over the five years of the study. This material combination seems very suitable for the restoration of NCCLs.
Gingival crevicular fluid levels of matrix metalloproteinases cross‐sectionally related to periodontitis and metabolic syndrome in community Koreans
Authors: Han Dong‐Hun , Shin Hye‐Sun , Paek Domyung , Kim Hyun‐Duck 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) may be associated with periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate whether the existence of periodontitis and MetS is cross‐sectionally associated with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) among community Koreans.Materials and MethodsMedical and periodontal parameters were evaluated by physicians and dentists in 314 subjects (199 healthy, 58 only periodontitis, 34 only MetS and 23 both). The community periodontal index was used to assess periodontitis. MMP‐8, 9, 13 were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Age, gender, monthly household income, smoking and drinking were interviewed as confounders. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied. Gender‐stratified analyses were applied.ResultsAfter controlling for various confounders, MMP‐8, MMP‐9 and MMP‐13 in GCF were significantly associated with periodontitis in both genders and MMP‐9, MMP‐13 were associated with MetS in women. MMP‐8, MMP‐9 and MMP‐13 showed association with periodontitis–MetS coexistence non‐synergistically in both genders. MMP‐9 was synergistically associated with periodontitis–MetS coexistence in women.ConclusionOur results suggest that MMP‐8, MMP‐9, MMP‐13 in GCF were independently related to coexistence of periodontitis and MetS. MMP‐9 and MMP‐13 could be an appropriate common indicator of periodontitis and MetS in women. Further studies might guarantee that MMPs in GCF could screen periodontitis and MetS.
The incidence of peri‐implantitis for two different implant systems over a period of thirteen years
Authors: Renvert Stefan , Lindahl Christel , Rutger Persson G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo study the incidence of peri‐implantitis over 13 years between two types of dental implants.Materials and methodsPeri‐implantitis incidence was defined as bone loss ≥ 1.0 mm after 1 year, and with BOP or suppuration.ResultsNineteen subjects with TioBlast AstraTech™ (AT) and 22 subjects with machine‐etched Brånemark Nobel Biocare® (NB) implants were studied. The incidences of peri‐implantitis between years 1 and 7 and between years 7 and 13 were 26.2% and 7.1% for AT implants, and 30.4% and 11.5% for NB implants (NS). A history of periodontitis was a risk for future incidence of peri‐implantitis (Likelihood ratio: 4.1, 95% CI: 2.0, 8.4, p < 0.001). Subjects with a history of systemic disease had a higher incidence of peri‐implantitis (p < 0.05).ConclusionsNo difference in the incidence of peri‐implantitis over a period of 13 years as an effect implant surface and design was found. Bone loss during the first 7 years after implant installation was greater than thereafter. Microbiological information at year 7 did not predict incidence of peri‐implantitis at year 13. Subjects with a previous history of periodontitis and with systemic disease were at higher risk for future incidence of peri‐implantitis.
A comparison of periodontal status in the two regional, population‐based studies of SHIP and INVEST
Authors: Holtfreter Birte , Demmer Ryan T. , Bernhardt Olaf , Papapanou Panos N. , Schwahn Christian , Kocher Thomas , Desvarieux Moise 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the prevalence of periodontal disease between two randomly selected population‐based studies (the Oral Infections and Vascular Disease Epidemiology Study (INVEST) and the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)) and address relevant methodological issues.MethodsComparison was restricted to 55‐ to 81‐year olds. Attachment loss (AL), probing depth (PD) and tooth count were assessed in INVEST (full‐mouth, six sites) and SHIP (half‐mouth, four sites). Subjects were classified according to the CDC/AAP case definition. Recording protocols were standardized. Mixed linear or logistic models were used to compare INVEST with SHIP.ResultsMean half‐mouth AL was lower in INVEST versus SHIP (INVEST: 2.9 mm versus SHIP: 4.0 mm, p < 0.05). Findings were similar across multiple periodontal disease definitions. After equalization of recording protocols and adjustment for periodontal risk factors, mean AL and PD were 1.2 and 0.3 mm lower in INVEST versus SHIP (p < 0.001). The odds for severe periodontitis (CDC/AAP) was 0.2‐fold in INVEST versus SHIP (p < 0.001). Confounding effects of age, gender, race/ethnicity, education and use of interdental care devices were highest as indicated by change‐in‐estimate for study.ConclusionImplementation of the proposed method for comparison of epidemiological studies revealed that periodontitis was less prevalent in INVEST compared with SHIP, even after extensive risk‐factor adjustment.
Neuroprotective effect of melatonin against hypoxia‐induced retinal ganglion cell death in neonatal rats
Authors: Kaur Charanjit , Sivakumar Viswanathan , Robinson Remya , Foulds Wallace S. , Luu Chi D. , Ling Eng‐Ang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether melatonin treatment would mitigate retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in the developing retina following a hypoxic insult. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) concentrations, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, Flt‐1 and Flk‐1, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and caspase‐3 expression were examined in the retinas of 1‐day‐old rats at 3 hr to 14 days after a hypoxic exposure. The mRNA and protein expression of Flt‐1 and Flk‐1 and the tissue concentration of LPO, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β were upregulated significantly after the hypoxic exposure, whereas the content of GSH was decreased significantly. RGC cultures also showed increased LPO and decreased GSH levels after hypoxic exposure but these effects were reversed in cells treated with melatonin. TNF‐α and IL‐1β expression was specifically located on microglial cells, whereas Flt‐1 and Flk‐1 was limited to RGCs as confirmed by double immunofluorescence labeling. Cultures of hypoxic microglial cells treated with melatonin showed a significant reduction in the release of these cytokines as compared to untreated hypoxic cells. Hypoxia induced increase in the cytosolic cytochrome c and caspase‐3 in RGCs was attenuated with melatonin treatment. The results suggest that, in hypoxic injuries, melatonin is neuroprotective to RGCs in the developing retina through its antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐apoptotic effects. Melatonin suppressed Flt‐1 and Flk‐1 expression in retinal blood vessels, which may result in reduced retinal vascular permeability and it also preserved mitochondrial function as shown by a reduction in cytochrome c leakage into the cytosol. The results may have therapeutic implications for the management of retinopathy of prematurity.
Work engagement supports nurse workforce stability and quality of care: nursing team‐level analysis in psychiatric hospitals
Authors: Van Bogaert P. , Wouters K. , Willems R. , Mondelaers M. , Clarke S. 
Published: September 2012

Accessible summary
Burnout and work engagement are two sides of one coin, two opposite poles related not only to how workers personally experience their jobs but also to how they experience their jobs within the context of work teams/groups.
Engaged workers have a lot of energy, are very enthusiastic about their jobs and are absorbed by their work.
Nurses’ job performance in hospitals, including psychiatric hospitals, is dependent upon their relationships with physicians and other healthcare workers and their superiors, how they are involved in the decisions about their work and whether or not they are provided with the right resources and adequate support.
When nursing teams are able to perform well, nurses tend to be more engaged and satisfied with their jobs and are more willing to stay in their positions.
Engaged nursing teams report better quality of patient care in psychiatric hospitals.
AbstractResearch in healthcare settings reveals important links between work environment factors, burnout and organizational outcomes. Recently, research focuses on work engagement, the opposite (positive) pole from burnout. The current study investigated the relationship of nurse practice environment aspects and work engagement (vigour, dedication and absorption) to job outcomes and nurse‐reported quality of care variables within teams using a multilevel design in psychiatric inpatient settings. Validated survey instruments were used in a cross‐sectional design. Team‐level analyses were performed with staff members (n = 357) from 32 clinical units in two psychiatric hospitals in Belgium. Favourable nurse practice environment aspects were associated with work engagement dimensions, and in turn work engagement was associated with job satisfaction, intention to stay in the profession and favourable nurse‐reported quality of care variables. The strongest multivariate models suggested that dedication predicted positive job outcomes whereas nurse management predicted perceptions of quality of care. In addition, reports of quality of care by the interdisciplinary team were predicted by dedication, absorption, nurse–physician relations and nurse management. The study findings suggest that differences in vigour, dedication and absorption across teams associated with practice environment characteristics impact nurse job satisfaction, intention to stay and perceptions of quality of care.
How does gender influence immigrant and refugee women's postpartum depression help‐seeking experiences?
Authors: O'Mahony J. M. , Donnelly T. T. 
Published: September 2012

Accessible summaryEvidence shows immigrant and refugee women experience difficulties in accessing care and treatment for postpartum depression.Thirty in‐depth interviews were carried out to obtain information about the immigrant and refugee women's postpartum depression experiences.Main purpose was to explore how broader background factors influence the ways in which these women seek help to manage postpartum depression.Results show immigrant and refugee women experience many complex gender‐related problems. Poverty, immigration status, discrimination, and poor spousal relationships and support can all directly affect a woman's access to healthcare services. Emotional and economic dependence may leave women vulnerable in protecting themselves against postpartum depression.Additional research is needed to further our understanding about immigrant and refugee women's postpartum health, their social support needs, the barriers they experience and their treatment preferences.AbstractThe number of migrants arriving inCanada from non‐European countries has grown significantly over the past three decades. How best to assist these escalating numbers of immigrant and refugee women to adapt to their new environment and to cope with postpartum depression (PPD) is a pressing issue for healthcare providers. Evidence has shown that immigrant and refugee women experience difficulties in accessing care and treatment forPPD. This qualitative study was conducted with 30 immigrant and refugee women using in‐depth interviews to obtain information about the women'sPPDexperiences. The primary aim was to explore how cultural, social, political, historical and economic factors intersect with race, gender and class to influence the ways in which immigrant and refugee women seek help to managePPD. Results reveal that immigrant and refugee women experience many complex gender‐related challenges and facilitators in seeking equitable help forPPDtreatment and prevention. We will demonstrate that (a) structural barriers and gender roles hinder women's ability to access necessary mental healthcare services and (b) insecure immigration status coupled with emotional and economic dependence may leave women vulnerable and disadvantaged in protecting themselves againstPPD.
Shear‐Dependent Adhesion of Leukocytes and Lectins to the Endothelium and Concurrent Changes in Thickness of the Glycocalyx of Post‐Capillary Venules in the Low‐Flow State
Authors: Lipowsky Herbert H. , Lescanic Anne 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo elucidate shear‐dependent effects of deformation of the endothelial glycocalyx on adhesion of circulating ligands in post‐capillary venules, and delineate effect of MMPs.MethodsAdhesion of WBCs and lectin‐coated FLMs (0.1 μm diameter) to EC of post‐capillary venules in mesentery was examined during acute reductions in shear rates ( hemorrhagic hypotension). Adhesion was examined with or without superfusion with 0.5 μm doxycycline to inhibit MMPs. Thickness of the glycocalyx was measured by exclusion of fluorescent 70 kDa dextran from the EC surface.ResultsDuring superfusion with Ringers, rapid reductions in resulted in a significant rise in WBC adhesion and a twofold rise in microsphere adhesion. With addition of doxycycline WBC and FLM adhesion increased twofold under high‐ and low‐flow conditions. FLM adhesion was invariant with throughout the network in the normal (high)‐flow state. With reductions in thickness of the glycocalyx increased significantly, with or without doxycycline.ConclusionsThe concurrent increase in WBC and FLM adhesion with increased thickness of the glycocalyx during reductions in shear suggests that glycocalyx core proteins recoil from their deformed steady‐state configuration, which increases exposure of binding sites for circulating ligands.
Air Pollution Particulate Matter Collected from an Appalachian Mountaintop Mining Site Induces Microvascular Dysfunction
Authors: Knuckles Travis L. , Stapleton Phoebe A. , Minarchick Valerie C. , Esch Laura , McCawley Michael , Hendryx Michael , Nurkiewicz Timothy R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveAir pollution PM is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In Appalachia, PM from mining may represent a health burden to this sensitive population that leads the nation in cardiovascular disease, among others. Cardiovascular consequences following inhalation of PMMTM are unclear, but must be identified to establish causal effects.MethodsPM was collected within 1 mile of an active MTM site in southern WV. The PM was extracted and was primarily <10 μm in diameter (PM10), consisting largely of sulfur (38%) and silica (24%). Adult male rats were IT with 300 μg PMMTM. Twenty‐four hours following exposure, rats were prepared for intravital microscopy, or isolated arteriole experiments.ResultsPMMTM exposure blunted endothelium‐dependent dilation in mesenteric and coronary arterioles by 26%, and 25%, respectively, as well as endothelium‐independent dilation. In vivo, PMMTM exposure inhibited endothelium‐dependent arteriolar dilation (60% reduction). α‐adrenergic receptor blockade inhibited PVNS‐induced vasoconstriction in exposed animals compared with sham.ConclusionsThese data suggest that PMMTM exposure impairs microvascular function in disparate microvascular beds, through alterations in NO‐mediated dilation and sympathetic nerve influences. Microvascular dysfunction may contribute to cardiovascular disease in regions with MTM sites.