bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving evidence on anticoagulant therapies for venous thromboembolism in children: key challenges and opportunities
Authors: Goldenberg Neil A. , Takemoto Clifford M. , Yee Donald L. , Kittelson John M. , Massicotte M. Patricia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is increasingly diagnosed in pediatric patients, and anticoagulant use in this population has become common, despite the absence of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for this indication. Guidelines for the use of anticoagulants in pediatrics are largely extrapolated from large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults, smaller dose-finding and observational studies in children, and expert opinion. The recently FDA-approved direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, provide potential advantages over oral vitamin K antagonists and subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs). However, key questions arise regarding their potential off-label clinical application in pediatric thromboembolic disease. In this Perspective, we provide background on the use of LMWHs such as enoxaparin as the mainstay of treatment of pediatric provoked VTE; identify key questions and challenges with regard to DOAC trials and future DOAC therapy in pediatric VTE; and discuss applicable lessons learned from the recent pilot/feasibility phase of a large multicenter RCT of anticoagulant duration in pediatric VTE. The challenges and lessons learned present opportunities to improve evidence for anticoagulant therapies in pediatric VTE through future clinical trials.
Congenital sideroblastic anemia due to mutations in the mitochondrial HSP70 homologue HSPA9
Authors: Schmitz-Abe Klaus , Ciesielski Szymon J. , Schmidt Paul J. , Campagna Dean R. , Rahimov Fedik , Schilke Brenda A. , Cuijpers Marloes , Rieneck Klaus , Lausen Birgitte , Linenberger Michael L. , Sendamarai Anoop K. , Guo Chaoshe , Hofmann Inga , Newburger Peter E. , Matthews Dana , Shimamura Akiko , Snijders Pieter J. L. M. , Towne Meghan C. , Niemeyer Charlotte M. , Watson Henry G. , Dziegiel Morten H. , Heeney Matthew M. , May Alison , Bottomley Sylvia S. , Swinkels Dorine W. , Markianos Kyriacos , Craig Elizabeth A. , Fleming Mark D. 
Published: October 2015

Key Points
Mutations in HSPA9 cause CSAs that may be inherited in a recessive or pseudodominant manner. HSPA9 loss-of-function alleles are often inherited in trans with a common coding single nucleotide polymorphism associated with altered gene expression.
Contribution of Piezo2 to Endothelium-Dependent Pain
Authors: Ferrari Luiz F. , Bogen Oliver , Green Paul , Levine Jon D. 
Published: October 2015

Background We evaluated the role of a mechanically-gated ion channel, Piezo2, in mechanical stimulation-induced enhancement of hyperalgesia produced by the pronociceptive vasoactive mediator endothelin-1, an innocuous mechanical stimulus-induced enhancement of hyperalgesia that is vascular endothelial cell dependent. We also evaluated its role in a preclinical model of a vascular endothelial cell dependent painful peripheral neuropathy. Results The local administration of oligodeoxynucleotides antisense to Piezo2 mRNA, at the site of nociceptive testing in the rat's hind paw, but not intrathecally at the central terminal of the nociceptor, prevented innocuous stimulus-induced enhancement of hyperalgesia produced by endothelin-1 (100 ng). The mechanical hyperalgesia induced by oxaliplatin (2 mg/kg. i.v.), which was inhibited by impairing endothelial cell function, was similarly attenuated by local injection of the Piezo2 antisense. Polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated for the first time the presence of Piezo2 mRNA in endothelial cells. Conclusions These results support the hypothesis that Piezo2 is a mechano-transducer in the endothelial cell where it contributes to stimulus-dependent hyperalgesia, and a model of chemotherapy-induced painful peripheral neuropathy.
Decreased serum concentrations of sphingosine-1-phosphate in sepsis
Authors: Winkler Martin Sebastian , Nierhaus Axel , Holzmann Maximilian , Mudersbach Eileen , Bauer Antonia , Robbe Linda , Zahrte Corinne , Geffken Maria , Peine Sven , Schwedhelm Edzard , Daum Guenter , Kluge Stefan , Zoellner Christian 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling lipid that regulates pathophysiological processes involved in sepsis progression, including endothelial permeability, cytokine release, and vascular tone. The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum-S1P concentrations are associated with disease severity in patients with sepsis.

Methods
This single-center prospective-observational study includes 100 patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) plus infection (n = 40), severe sepsis (n = 30), or septic shock (n = 30) and 214 healthy blood donors as controls. Serum-S1P was measured by mass spectrometry. Blood parameters, including C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lactate, and white blood cells (WBCs), were determined by routine assays. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was generated and used to evaluate disease severity.

Results
Serum-S1P concentrations were lower in patients than in controls (P < 0.01), and the greatest difference was between the control and the septic shock groups (P < 0.01). Serum-S1P levels were inversely correlated with disease severity as determined by the SOFA score (P < 0.01) as well as with IL-6, PCT, CRP, creatinine, lactate, and fluid balance. A receiver operating characteristic analysis for the presence or absence of septic shock revealed equally high sensitivity and specificity for S1P compared with the SOFA score. In a multivariate logistic regression model calculated for prediction of septic shock, S1P emerged as the strongest predictor (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
In patients with sepsis, serum-S1P levels are dramatically decreased and are inversely associated with disease severity. Since S1P is a potent regulator of endothelial integrity, low S1P levels may contribute to capillary leakage, impaired tissue perfusion, and organ failure in sepsis.
Nighttime Administration of Nicotine Improves Hepatic Glucose Metabolism via the Hypothalamic Orexin System in Mice
Authors: Tsuneki Hiroshi , Nagata Takashi , Fujita Mikio , Kon Kanta , Wu Naizhen , Takatsuki Mayumi , Yamaguchi Kaoru , Wada Tsutomu , Nishijo Hisao , Yanagisawa Masashi , Sakurai Takeshi , Sasaoka Toshiyasu 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Nicotine is known to affect the metabolism of glucose; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we here investigated whether nicotine promoted the central regulation of glucose metabolism, which is closely linked to the circadian system. The oral intake of nicotine in drinking water, which mainly occurred during the nighttime active period, enhanced daily hypothalamic prepro-orexin gene expression and reduced hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic db/db mice without affecting body weight, body fat content, and serum levels of insulin. Nicotine administered at the active period appears to be responsible for the effect on blood glucose, because nighttime but not daytime injections of nicotine lowered blood glucose levels in db/db mice. The chronic oral treatment with nicotine suppressed the mRNA levels of glucose-6-phosphatase, the rate-limiting enzyme of gluconeogenesis, in the liver of db/db and wild-type control mice. In the pyruvate tolerance test to evaluate hepatic gluconeogenic activity, the oral nicotine treatment moderately suppressed glucose elevations in normal mice and mice lacking dopamine receptors, whereas this effect was abolished in orexin-deficient mice and hepatic parasympathectomized mice. Under high-fat diet conditions, the oral intake of nicotine lowered blood glucose levels at the daytime resting period in wild-type, but not orexin-deficient, mice. These results indicated that the chronic daily administration of nicotine suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis via the hypothalamic orexin-parasympathetic nervous system. Thus, the results of the present study may provide an insight into novel chronotherapy for type 2 diabetes that targets the central cholinergic and orexinergic systems.
Generation of primitive neural stem cells from human fibroblasts using a defined set of factors
Authors: Miura Takumi , Sugawara Tohru , Fukuda Atsushi , Tamoto Ryo , Kawasaki Tomoyuki , Umezawa Akihiro , Akutsu Hidenori 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
In mice, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-dependent primitive neural stem cells (NSCs) have a higher neurogenic potential than bFGF-dependent definitive NSCs. Therefore, expandable primitive NSCs are required for research and for the development of therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases. There is a dearth of suitable techniques for the generation of human long-term expandable primitive NSCs. Here, we have described a method for the conversion of human fibroblasts to LIF-dependent primitive NSCs using a strategy based on techniques for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These LIF-dependent induced NSCs (LD-iNSCs) can be expanded for &gt;100 passages. Long-term cultured LD-iNSCs demonstrated multipotent neural differentiation potential and could generate motor neurons and dopaminergic neurons, as well as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, indicating a high level of plasticity. Furthermore, LD-iNSCs easily reverted to human iPSCs, indicating that LD-iNSCs are in an intermediate iPSC state. This method may facilitate the generation of patient-specific human neurons for studies and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Unihemispheric sleep in crocodilians?
Authors: Kelly Michael L. , Peters Richard A. , Tisdale Ryan K. , Lesku John A. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
Reduced vigilance is the conspicuous cost of sleep in most animals. To mitigate against this cost, some birds and aquatic mammals have evolved the ability to sleep with one-half of their brain at a time, a phenomenon known as unihemispheric sleep. During unihemispheric sleep the eye neurologically connected to the ‘awake’ hemisphere remains open while the other eye is closed. Such unilateral eye closure (UEC) has been observed across avian and non-avian reptiles, but has received little attention in the latter. Here, we explored the use of UEC in juvenile saltwater crocodiles (1) under baseline conditions, and in the presence of (2) other young crocodiles and (3) a human. Crocodiles increased the amount of UEC in response to the human, and preferentially oriented their open eye towards both stimuli. These results are consistent with observations on unihemispherically sleeping cetaceans and birds, and could have implications for our understanding of the evolution of unihemispheric sleep.
An evidence-based approach to red blood cell transfusions in asymptomatically anaemic patients
Authors: Chan AW , de Gara CJ 
Published: October 2015

Introduction Surgeons and physicians encounter blood transfusions on a daily basis but a robust evidence-based strategy on indications and timing of transfusion in asymptomatic anaemic patients is yet to be determined. For judicious use of blood products, the risks inherent to packed red blood cells, the patient’s co-morbidities and haemoglobin (Hb)/haematocrit levels should be considered. This review critiques and summarises the latest available evidence on the indications for transfusions in healthy and cardiac disease patients as well as the timing of transfusions relative to surgery. Methods An electronic literature search of the MEDLINE®, Google Scholar™ and Trip databases was conducted for articles published in English between January 2006 and January 2015. Studies discussing timing and indications of transfusion in medical and surgical patients were retrieved. Bibliographies of studies were checked for other pertinent articles that were missed by the initial search. Findings Six level 1 studies (randomised controlled trials or systematic reviews) and six professional society guidelines were included in this review. In healthy patients without cardiac disease, a restrictive transfusion trigger of Hb 70–80g/l is safe and appropriate whereas in cardiac patients, the trigger is Hb 80–100g/l. The literature on timing of transfusions relative to surgery is limited. For the studies available, preoperative transfusions were associated with a decreased incidence of subsequent transfusions and timing of transfusions did not affect the rates of colorectal cancer recurrence.
Influence Of Large Non-Metallic Inclusions On Bending Fatigue Strength Hardened And Tempered Steels
Authors: Lipiński T. , Wach A. , Detyna E. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The article discusses the effect of large oxide impurities (a diameter larger than 10 μm in size) on the fatigue resistance of structural steel of high purity during rotary bending. The study was performed on 7 heats produced in an industrial plant. The heats were produced in 140 ton electric furnaces. All heats were desulfurized.
The experimental material consisted of semi-finished products of high-grade, carbon structural steel with: manganese, chromium, nickel, molybdenum and boron. Steel sections with a diameter of 18 mm were hardened from austenitizing by 30 minutes in temperature 880°C and tempered at a temperature of 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600°C for 120 minutes and air-cooled. The experimental variants were compared in view of the heat treatment options. Fatigue tests were performed with the use of a rotary bending machine at a frequency of 6000 cpm. The results were statistical processed and presented in graphic form.
This paper discusses the results of the relative volume of large impurities, the fatigue strength for various heat processing options.
Influence Of Preservative On The Tensile Strength Of The Tissue Of Porcine Circulatory System
Authors: Dawidowska K. , Stanisławska A. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
There are many biomaterials that can substitute pathologically altered tissue, however, none of them is as perfect as a native tissue. Currently, scientists are looking for new biomaterials that can be successfully implanted without exposing the patient to reoperation. Each material introduced into an organism must afford sufficient mechanical and biochemical properties and meet the criteria of the biomaterial. Materials intended to take over the function of natural tissue materials should be characterized to the greatest extent by similar mechanical properties. The authors of many publications describing the results of strength tests of biological tissues show different ways of researching them. In many cases, the form of the test material preparation is different because of anisotropy of biological tissue. This study provides an overview of selected methods for the tensile tests characterizing the mechanical properties of the heart valves, pericardium and porcine aortas. We also present results of our study of mechanical properties of the natural porcine tissues.
The role of the paraglacial environment in the transformation of glacial wartanian relief in Poland
Authors: Rdzany Zbigniew 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The article comprises a justification for the need to distinguish the record of the paraglacial environments in the belt of relief formed as a result of the Warta Glaciation in Poland. The zone covers the foreland of the Weichselian Glaciation, occupying a strip of land from several to more than 200 kilometres in width.
Simplified, two periods are marked in the history of views on relief genesis of the area. The first, which covers the first half of the 20th century, was dominated by the idea of glacial genesis of the area. The latter period is characterised by the discussion between advocates of the periglacial character of relief of the Wartanian zone and those who defended the thesis of the good preservation of glacial relief of the area.
Taking the paraglacial environment into account in analysing relief transformations introduces a new quality and may result in a more complete and precise evaluation of post-Wartanian morphogenesis. It is also consistent with tendencies in worldwide literature and results from the principle of uniformitarianism.
Late Glacial organic sediments in palaeogeographical reconstructions (cases from the Łódź region)
Authors: Dzieduszyńska Danuta , Forysiak Jacek 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Late Glacial organic succession is recorded at the Żabieniec and Koźmin Las sites, in the Łódź region. A multiproxy approach provides a palaeogeographical assessment and yields a new insight into the old morainic area of the Polish Lowland. Additionally, the key profile Witów contributes in the reconstruction. It is demonstrated that the Late Glacial organic sediments of the Łódź region contain signs of environmental changes, starting from the first warming just after the Weichselian ice-sheet retreat from the Polish territory. Records at Żabieniec, apart from registering biotic and abiotic conditions which influenced functioning of a peatbog, provides information on the permafrost behaviour throughout the Late Glacial. At Koźmin Las, a unique discovery of the in situ riparian forest accompanied by organic sediments led to a high-resolution study of a series of events taking place on the floodplain during the Younger Dryas.
Geomorphological diversity of peatland basins in the Łódź region and its significance for the accumulation of biogenic sediments
Authors: Forysiak Jacek 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
An investigation was carried out on peatlands in the Łódź region. Geological and geomorphological studies focused on 31 sites. The peatland basins are located in moraine plateau and valleys. The diversity of basins in these areas was affected by geomorphological processes: glacial, fluvioglacial, slope, aeolian, thermokarst and fluvial. Peatlands in the region formed in different groups of basins: basins in the moraine area, basins of aeolian origin, basins in valleys (with a distinction between active and inactive valleys). Paleoecological analyses of biogenic deposits show that the peatlands developed from the Late Weichselian to the Subatlantic Period. The schemes of creation and development of the peatlands presented in this study prove a strong influence of geological and geomorphological factors.
Authigenic and allogenic organic remains as an indicator of geomorphological process activity within the floodplain environment: two case studies from Racibórz Basin, southern Poland
Authors: Wójcicki Krzysztof J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Distinction between organic components accumulated in situ and those deposited by sedimentation is essential for the assessment of the intensity and extent of impact of geomorphological processes. Authigenic components include moss remains, fragments of the root systems of herbaceous plants and trees, the epidermis of rhizomes, and leaf sheaths, as well as a fungal mycelium. Among the allogenic components are aboveground parts of plants, including leaves of vascular plants, wood, epidermis and periderm, sporomorphs, sporangia, fruits and seeds, as well as zooclasts and protist remains. Microscopic grid analysis allows the share of individual morphological forms of organic matter to be determined in order to reconstruct the deposition conditions on the floodplain. This method makes it possible to detect episodes of activity of fluvial, aeolian and slope processes even when not accompanied by sedimentation of mineralogenic components.
Enhanced apatite precipitation on a biopolymer-coated bioactive glass
Authors: Araújo M. , Miola M. , Venturello A. , Baldi G. , Perez J. , Verné E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this work, sintered pellets of a silica-based bioactive glass were dip-coated with a biocompatible natural-derived polymer in order to investigate the influence of the organic coating on the glass bioactivity. After the sintering process optimization, uncoated and coated pellets have been characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM, EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and pH measurements, after the immersion in a simulated body fluid (SBF). An increased apatite forming ability and a better control of the pH during soaking of the samples in SBF were observed in the presence of the biopolymer. This result opens a new insight on the simple fabrication of highly bioactive hybrid inorganic-organic materials for medical applications.
Metabolic surgery in Zucker rats influenced miRNA,
caveolin-1 expression and lipid metabolism
Authors: Stygar D. , Sawczyn T. , Skrzep-Poloczek B. , Poloczek J. , Kłosok M. , Karcz-Socha I. , Fink J.M. , Skonieczna M. , Elsner M. , Doleżych B. , Żwirska-Korczala K. , Karcz W.K. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Aims: A transposition of the long segment of
distal ileum in obese Zucker rats improved glucose tolerance
6 months after IT. It was undertaken to compare the gene
expression of miRNA-103, -107 and caveolin-1 in the liver
of euglycemic groups of IT relative to SHAM operated rats.
Main methods: Obese, male Zucker rats underwent
either transposition of 50% distal ileum or sham
surgery. For determining the gene expression, the
Real-Time PCR for caveolin-1 and miRNA-103, -107 was
performed. Plasma concentrations of LDL, HDL, TG
and total cholesterol were measured with enzymatic
colorimetric assays after optimization procedure.
Key findings: The Cav-1 expression in liver tissue after
ileal transposition was 1.22 times higher compared to the
SHAM group (SHAM median 63.58, min 41.3, max 82.4; IT
median 77.35, min 60.8, max 95.41, p < 0.001). miRNA-107
expression was significantly downregulated by 0.6-fold in
the IT group compared to the SHAM group (SHAM median
507.51, min 236.42, max 721.29; IT median 355.2, min 278.15, max 478.15, p < 0.015. The level of TG was significantly
higher after IT surgery (SHAM median 115, min 96, max
143; IT median 153, min 115, max 162, p = 0.001). The
total cholesterol plasma levels decreased after IT (SHAM
median 178, min 161, max 183; IT median 128, min 103,
max 114, p < 0.000001). The LDL plasma level in IT was
two-fold lower than in the SHAM (SHAM median 117, min
68, max 151; IT median 58, min 45, max 61, p < 0.000001).
Significance: The transposition of 50% of the distal ileum
lead to an increase in caveolin-1 and reduction in miR-107
expression compared to those of SHAM group. Endogenous
miR-107 is more involved in regulation of the functions of
insulin-target liver tissue than miRNA-103. Reduced LDL
and cholesterol plasma levels suggest positive effects on
lipid metabolism in long-term observations. The present
study is the first to show a lack of IT effect regarding
triglycerides six months after surgery.
Influence of social and religious factors in Polish Sejm elections, 2001–2007
Authors: Bilska-Wodecka Elżbieta , Matykowski Roman 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The analysis presented herein addresses the issue of social and religious diversity within the Catholic Church and its influence on voter turnout and Sejm election results in Poland. The paper covers election results from 2001 to 2007. Both organizational-institutional characteristics and social-religious characteristics of the Church have been taken into account when assessing the impact of the Church on regional differences in political support for selected political factions in 2005. The impact of each factor on the support level for a given party or political orientation in a regional (spatial) context was assessed on the basis of the degree of coincidence of the factors of interest, measured using the coefficient of correlation.