bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil Structure and Fluid Interaction Assessment of New Modular Reactor: Part 2 — Numerical Study of Soil Reactor Structure Interaction
Authors: Ghosh Amitava , Das Kaushik , Basu Debashis , Miller Larry 
Published: July 2014

To meet the growing demand of affordable power, several designs of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), which will be installed below-grade, have been proposed by the nuclear industry. The containment vessels of these reactors will be under water. During a seismic event, these reactors will experience a complex soil (ground)-structure (SMR)-fluid (water) interaction that can affect the integrity of the system. Each of these reactors uses a seismic damping or isolation system to protect its important to safety structures, systems, and components from a design-basis earthquake. Designers of these damping/isolation systems need to have a thorough understanding of the complex soil-structure-fluid interactions to ensure the adequacy of the isolation system. In addition, regulators need to understand these interactions to evaluate the safety of such installations and systems.
This study was initiated to understand the complexities in modeling facility responses that may accompany a design-basis earthquake. The ability to model these complexities is important to designers and regulators. It was recognized that a three-way coupled approach that can satisfactorily model the unique dynamic characteristics of soil surrounding the reactor, the reactor structure, and fluid contained within the reactor is not available. As a first step in understanding the complex interaction phenomena, a sequential coupling approach was adopted in this study. It was assumed that the feedback loop (such as structural deformation affecting ground motion and sloshing) has limited influence because of the high inertia of the massive structure. The general-purpose geological continuum package FLAC was used to simulate the propagation of earthquake-generated ground motion. The fluid analysis was conducted using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package ANSYS-FLUENT. This paper briefly discusses the modeling techniques used in soil-structure and structure-fluid interaction analyses. Using a strong motion earthquake record, the ground acceleration at the base of the SMR was calculated and used as input to the CFD analysis of fluid motion inside the structure.
Soil Structure and Fluid Interaction Assessment of New Modular Reactor: Part 1 — Numerical Simulation of Fluid Motion due to Seismic Waves
Authors: Das Kaushik , Ghosh Amitava , Basu Debashis , Miller Larry 
Published: July 2014

In recent years, the nuclear industry has proposed design of affordable small modular reactors (SMR), which will be installed below grade. A complex soil-structure-fluid interaction is expected to occur during a seismic event at such installation sites. A thorough understanding of this interaction is needed for the purpose of designing damping or isolation systems as well as to determine the adequacy and safety of these devices. A fully dynamically coupled analysis of the surrounding soil, reactor structure, and contained fluid within the reactor would provide the most accurate estimate of the forces acting on the SMR, but such an exercise is difficult to accomplish due to large discrepancies in length and time scales of each subsystem. It also would be computationally intensive to explicitly model all the detail physical features that affect system response in a single analysis framework. A sequential one-way explicit coupling between parts of the system, such as soil-structure or fluid-structure interaction in response to seismic ground motion, would provide some reasonable engineering information useful to designers and regulators. A two part study was conducted to understand the soil-structure and fluid-structure interaction in response to a seismic event for an SMR. The present paper describes the latter (fluid-structure interaction), where the containment fluid behavior during a seismic event is studied.
A simplified two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, representing a mockup structure based on the mPower reactor is developed in the study. It is used to simulate the sloshing motion of the fluid during a seismic event. A general volume of flow (VOF) approach is employed to simulate the sloshing motion and track the air-water interface. Ground acceleration calculated from a separate mechanical analysis is adopted in the study to specify the body forces experienced by the fluid. CFD simulations are performed for two different cases that correspond to two different input seismic waveforms. Simulated results highlight the movement of air-water interface due to sloshing within the containment building. The total horizontal and vertical forces on the structure, resulting from the sloshing motion were calculated. A Fourier analysis of the calculated fluid forces shows the dominant frequencies of the force, due to fluid sloshing, are different from that of the seismic acceleration. Similar dominant frequencies of the forces are predicted using two different input seismic waveforms. The magnitudes of the forces varied, depending on the magnitude of the seismic waveform input.
Integrating Safety, Operations, Security, and Safeguards Into the Design of Small Modular Reactors
Authors: Middleton Bobby D. , Mendez Carmen 
Published: July 2014

The existing regulatory structure for nuclear power plants impacts both the design and the operation of the facility [1]. The current structure has been known to be overly conservative in several instances. This overly conservative approach results in operational costs to the facility that decrease the profit margin for nuclear power companies. The current design and build process also results in expensive retrofitting and contributes excess costs to the operations of the facility [1]. The current fleet of nuclear reactors is composed mainly of large light water reactors (LWRs) that can, to some extent, counteract these operational costs by the sheer volume of energy produced. However, the deliberately small size of small modular reactors (SMRs) prevents them from benefitting from this economy of scale. In order to be built and operated economically, SMR vendors must find ways to bring the life cycle costs in line with the economic requirements of nuclear power companies.
Sandia National Laboratories has developed a framework that allows vendors and operators to address many of the operational costs during the design and manufacture stages of the SMR life cycle. The framework allows certain operational costs to be addressed in the design stages, thereby decreasing the operational costs, especially those costs associated with staffing and retrofitting. The framework pulls together best practices that have been applied successfully in other industries.
Concurrent Engineering (CE) frames the procedural stages, from defining the expectations of the facility deployment, through the identification of regulatory requirements, to the pre-conceptual, conceptual and detailed design stages. A Project Management Organization is critical to the time management and success of implementing CE. The use of Integrated Safety, Operations, Security, and Safeguards (ISOSS) will lead to achieve a more efficient, cost-effective, and reliable plant. The Balance Model is introduced as a tool to document conflicts between functional areas and identify balancing strategies for conflict resolution in the requirements. Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is proposed as a variable for decision making. Facility Lifecycle Management with Building Information Modeling (BIM) is encouraged to support the Build, Activation, Continued Operations and Decommissioning of the facility [1].
To ensure that the deployment of SMR is effective and cost efficient, the ideal time to implement the framework is now, before SMR designs reach the detailed stage. SMRs hold a lot of potential and this framework can help the nuclear industry realize that potential.
Licensing Process Development for SMRs — European Perspective
Authors: Söderholm Kristiina , Amaba Ben , Lestinen Ville 
Published: July 2014

Recently, Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) have attracted increased public discussion. While large nuclear power plant new build projects are facing challenges, the focus of attention is turning to small modular reactors. This paper is based on the PhD Dissertation “Licensing Model Development for Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) - Focusing on Finnsh Regulatory Framework”, approved in 2013.
The result of the study is a recommendation for a new, optimized licensing process for SMRs. The most important SMR-specific feature, in terms of licensing, is the modularity of the design. Here the modularity indicates multi-module SMR designs, which creates new challenges in the licensing process.
The application of the new licensing process is developed using Systems Engineering, Requirements Management, and Project Management practices and tools.
Developing of Safety Analysis and Monitoring Methods Applying to Small Modular Reactors
Authors: Bakhmetyev Alexander M. , Bylov Igor A. , Morev Alexander V. , Baklanov Alexey V. 
Published: July 2014

Probabilistic methods allow to evaluate nuclear plant safety level systemically during plant lifetime and to develop recommendations on foreground directions in improving technical measures and operational procedures. Probabilistic assessment of plant safety level requires developing and introduction of appropriate methods and software. During last years JSC “Afrikantov OKBM” has developed different methods and software allowing to perform probabilistic study of nuclear plants safety and has implemented substantial amount of safety analysis and safety monitoring studies for different purposed small modular reactors.
The paper describes methods and software developed by JSC “Afrikantov OKBM” and some results of its utilizing for small modular reactors.
Development of a Supervisory Control System Concept for Advanced Small Modular Reactors
Authors: Cetiner Sacit M. , Fugate David L. , Kisner Roger A. , Muhlheim Michael D. , Wood Richard T. 
Published: July 2014

Small modular reactors (SMRs) can provide the United States with a safe, sustainable, and carbon-neutral energy source. Because of their small size and, in many cases, simplified nuclear island configurations, it is expected that capital costs will be less for SMRs compared to that of large, Generation III+ light-water reactors. Advanced SMRs (AdvSMRs), which use coolants other than water as the primary heat transport medium, introduce several passive safety concepts and controls features that further reduce the complexity of primary system designs by eliminating redundant components and systems.
Under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), the Supervisory Control of Multi-Modular SMR Plants project was established to enable innovative control strategies and methods to supervise multi-unit plants, accommodate shared systems, identify opportunities to increase the level of automation, define economic metrics based on the relationship between control and staffing levels, and permit flexible co-generation operational regimes.
This paper documents current findings from the Supervisory Control project. Specifically, it defines and documents strategies, functional elements, and an architectural structure for supervisory control of a representative generic AdvSMR plant. More specifically, this research advances the state-of-the art by incorporating decision making into the supervisory control system architectural layers through the introduction of tiered taxonomy of plant systems and subsystems.
The proposed architecture has the features of planning and scheduling, analyzing plant status, diagnosing problems as they develop and predicting potential future problems, making decisions based on these features, and generating validated commands to lower control layers in the architecture.
Genome Sequence of
Streptomyces wadayamensis
Strain A23, an Endophytic Actinobacterium from
Citrus reticulata
Authors: de Oliveira Luciana G. , Tormet Gonzalez Gabriela D. , Samborsky Markyian , Marcon Joelma , Araujo Welington L. , de Azevedo João Lucio 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

The actinobacterium
Streptomyces wadayamensis
A23 is an endophyte of
Citrus reticulata
that produces the antimycin and mannopeptimycin antibiotics, among others. The strain has the capability to inhibit
Xylella fastidiosa
growth. The draft genome of
S. wadayamensis
A23 has ~7.0 Mb and 6,006 protein-coding sequences, with a 73.5% G+C content.
Draft Genome Sequence of Strain Q-1, an Iodide-Oxidizing Alphaproteobacterium Isolated from Natural Gas Brine Water
Authors: Ehara Ayaka , Suzuki Haruo , Kanesaki Yu , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Amachi Seigo 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Here we report the draft genome sequence of strain Q-1, an iodide (I
−
)-oxidizing heterotrophic bacterium in the class
Alphaproteobacteria
isolated from natural gas brine water. The genome sequence contained a multicopper oxidase gene probably responsible for iodide oxidation. A photosynthetic gene cluster was found but genes for carbon-fixation were absent.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Rifamycin Producer Amycolatopsis rifamycinica DSM 46095
Authors: Saxena Anjali , Kumari Rashmi , Mukherjee Udita , Singh Priya , Lal Rup 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Amycolatopsis rifamycinica
DSM 46095 is an actinobacterium that produces rifamycin SV, an antibiotic used against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. Here, we present the draft genome of DSM 46095, which harbors a novel rifamycin polyketide biosynthetic gene cluster (
rif
PKS) that differed by 10% in nucleotide sequence from the already reported
rif
PKS cluster of
Amycolatopsis mediterranei
S699.
Complete Genome Sequences of Bacillus subtilis subsp.
subtilis
Laboratory Strains JH642 (AG174) and AG1839
Authors: Smith Janet L. , Goldberg Jonathan M. , Grossman Alan D. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

The Gram-positive bacterium
Bacillus subtilis
is widely used for studies of cellular and molecular processes. We announce the complete genomic sequences of strain AG174, our stock of the commonly used strain JH642, and strain AG1839, a derivative that contains a mutation in the replication initiation gene
dnaB
and a linked Tn
917
.
Genome Sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae Urinary Tract Isolate Top52
Authors: Johnson Jeremiah G. , Spurbeck Rachel R. , Sandhu Sukhinder K. , Matson Jyl S. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is a significant cause of nosocomial infections, including ventilator-associated pneumonias and catheter-associated urinary tract infections.
K. pneumoniae
strain TOP52 #1721 (Top52) was isolated from a woman presenting with acute cystitis and subsequently characterized using various murine models of infection. Here we present the genome sequence of
K. pneumoniae
Top52.
Pre-existing type 2 diabetes and risk of lung cancer: a report from two prospective cohort studies of 133 024 Chinese adults in urban Shanghai
Authors: Yang Wan-Shui , Yang Yang , Yang Gong , Chow Wong-Ho , Li Hong-Lan , Gao Yu-Tang , Ji Bu-Tian , Rothman Nat , Zheng Wei , Shu Xiao-Ou , Xiang Yong-Bing 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesObservational studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and lung cancer risk are limited and controversial. We thus examined the association between T2D and risk of incident lung cancer using a cohort design.SettingData from two ongoing population-based cohorts (the Shanghai Men's Health Study, SMHS, 2002–2006 and the Shanghai Women's Health Study, SWHS, 1996–2000) were used. Cox proportional-hazards regression models with T2D as a time-varying exposure were modelled to estimate HRs and 95% CIs.ParticipantsThe study population included 61 491 male participants aged 40–74 years from SMHS and 74 941 female participants aged 40–70 years from SWHS.Outcome measureLung cancer cases were identified through annual record linkage to the Shanghai Cancer Registry and Shanghai Municipal Registry of Vital Statistics, and were further verified through home visits and a review of medical charts by clinical and/or pathological experts. Outcome data until 31 December 2010 for men and women were used for the present analysis.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 6.3 years for SMHS and 12.2 years for SWHS, incident lung cancer cases were detected in 492 men and 525 women. A null association between T2D and lung cancer risk was observed in men (HR=0.87, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.21) and women (HR=0.92, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.24) after adjustments for potential confounders. Similar results were observed among never smokers.ConclusionsThere is little evidence that pre-existing T2D may influence the incidence of lung cancer.
Rapid paediatric fluid resuscitation: a randomised controlled trial comparing the efficiency of two provider-endorsed manual paediatric fluid resuscitation techniques in a simulated setting
Authors: Cole Evan T , Harvey Greg , Urbanski Sara , Foster Gary , Thabane Lehana , Parker Melissa J 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesManual techniques of intravascular fluid administration are commonly used during paediatric resuscitation, although it is unclear which technique is most efficient in the hands of typical healthcare providers. We compared the rate of fluid administration achieved with the disconnect–reconnect and push–pull manual syringe techniques for paediatric fluid resuscitation in a simulated setting.MethodsThis study utilised a randomised crossover trial design and enrolled 16 consenting healthcare provider participants from a Canadian paediatric tertiary care centre. The study was conducted in a non-clinical setting using a model simulating a 15 kg child in decompensated shock. Participants administered 900 mL (60 mL/kg) of normal saline to the simulated patient using each of the two techniques under study. The primary outcome was the rate of fluid administration, as determined by two blinded independent video reviewers. We also collected participant demographic data and evaluated other secondary outcomes including total volume administered, number of catheter dislodgements, number of technical errors, and subjective and objective measures of provider fatigue.ResultsAll 16 participants completed the trial. The mean (SD) rate of fluid administration (mL/s) was greater for the disconnect–reconnect technique at 1.77 (0.145) than it was for the push–pull technique at 1.62 (0.226), with a mean difference of 0.15 (95% CI 0.055 to 0.251; p=0.005). There was no difference in mean volume administered (p=0.778) or participant self-reported fatigue (p=0.736) between techniques. No catheter dislodgement events occurred.ConclusionsThe disconnect–reconnect technique allowed for the fastest rate of fluid administration, suggesting that use of this technique may be preferable in situations requiring rapid resuscitation. These findings may help to inform future iterations of paediatric resuscitation guidelines.Trial registration numberThis trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT01774214] prior to enrolling the first participant.
Prevalence and severity of patient harm in a sample of UK-hospitalised children detected by the Paediatric Trigger Tool
Authors: Chapman Susan M , Fitzsimons John , Davey Nicola , Lachman Peter 
Published: July 2014

The measurement and examination of adverse events (AEs) that occur in children during hospital admissions is essential if we are to prevent, reduce or ameliorate the harm experienced. The UK Paediatric Trigger Tool (UKPTT) is a method of retrospective case note review that measures harm in hospitalised children.ObjectivesTo examine the harm resulting from the processes of healthcare in hospitalised children from centres providing data to the National Health Service (NHS) Institute UKPTT data portal, to understand the positive predictive values of triggers and to make recommendations for the further development of the trigger tool.Setting25 hospitals across the UK, including secondary, tertiary and quaternary paediatric centres.ParticipantsRandomly selected children who were admitted to hospital for longer than 24 h.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was the rate of harm (the percentage of children experiencing one or more AEs during a hospital admission). Secondary measures were the severity of harm and performance of triggers.ResultsData from 3992 patient admissions were reviewed across the hospitals and submitted to the trigger tool portal from February 2008 to November 2011. At least one AE was reported for 567 (14.2%) patients, with 211 (5.3%) experiencing more than one event. There were 1001 AEs identified. Where harm occurred, it was considered temporary for 923 (92.2%) AEs; however, 43 (4.3%) AEs resulted in the need for life-sustaining interventions, 18 (1.8%) AEs led to permanent harm and for 17 children (1.7% of AEs) the AE was believed to have contributed to death.ConclusionsThere is a significant, measurable level of harm experienced by children admitted to hospitals in the UK. While most of this harm is temporary, some of it is serious. The UKPTT offers organisations the means to measure and examine the AEs occurring in their hospital in order to reduce harm.
Rationale, design and baseline results of the Guangxi manganese-exposed workers healthy cohort (GXMEWHC) study
Authors: Lv Yingnan , Zou Yunfeng , Liu Jing , Chen Kangcheng , Huang Damin , Shen Yuefei , Zhong Yaoqiu , Liu Zhihao , Jiang Bei , Li Qin , Qing Li , Zhang Wei , Chen Lang , Wang Fenfen , Xia Bing , Yang Li , Yang Xiaobo 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between biomarkers of exposure, disease and susceptibility, and early health effects and long-term diseases related to occupational manganese (Mn) exposure.DesignBaseline survey of a longitudinal cohort study of workers in a ferromanganese refinery.ParticipantsA total of 1888 individuals (1197 men, 691 women; average seniority 15.34 years) were enrolled in the Guangxi manganese-exposed workers healthy cohort (GXMEWHC) study. Participants were between 18 and 60 years of age (mean 40.31 years), had worked in the ferromanganese refinery for at least 1 year and lived in the local area.ResultsThe GXMEWHC study included a baseline survey. Participants were divided into four groups according to manganese (Mn) cumulative exposure index (Mn-CEI) levels: an internal control group (Mn-CEI <1.0 mg/m3 year), a low exposure group (1.0 mg/m3 year≤Mn-CEI<2.0 mg/m3 year), a medium exposure group (2.0 mg/m3 year≤Mn-CEI<5.0 mg/m3 year) and a high exposure group (Mn-CEI≥5.0 mg/m3 year). Genome-wide association studies of quantitative trait loci and binary trait loci in 500 Mn-exposed workers were performed using Illumina Infinium HumanExome BeadChip arrays. Stored plasma, DNA, hair and urine are available for further study. Participants will be followed up every 3 years.ConclusionsThe GXMEWHC study provides abundant data for exploring the systemic health effects of occupational Mn exposure using biomarkers of exposure, disease and susceptibility.