bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hole‐Transporting Small Molecules Based on Thiophene Cores for High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Hairong , Fu Kunwu , Boix Pablo P. , Wong Lydia H. , Hagfeldt Anders , Grätzel Michael , Mhaisalkar Subodh G. , Grimsdale Andrew C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTwo new electron‐rich molecules, 2,3,4,5‐tetra[4,4′‐bis(methoxyphenyl)aminophen‐4“‐yl]‐thiophene (H111) and 4,4′,5,5′‐tetra[4,4′‐bis(methoxyphenyl)aminophen‐4”‐yl]‐2,2′‐bithiophene (H112), which contain thiophene cores with arylamine side groups, are reported. When used as the hole‐transporting material (HTM) in perovskite‐based solar cell devices, power conversion efficiencies of up to 15.4 % under AM 1.5G solar simulation were obtained. This is the highest efficiency achieved with HTMs not composed of 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N′‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) and its isomers. Both HTMs, especially H111, have great potential to replace expensive spiro‐OMeTAD given their much simpler and less expensive syntheses.
Interacting effects of age, density, and weather on survival and current reproduction for a large mammal
Authors: Richard Emmanuelle , Simpson Steven E. , Medill Sarah A. , McLoughlin Philip D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIndividual‐based study of natural populations allows for accurate and precise estimation of fitness components and the extent to which they might vary with ecological conditions. By tracking the fates of all 701 horses known to have lived on Sable Island, Canada, from 2009 to 2013 (where there is no predation, human interference, or interspecific competition for food), we present a detailed analysis of structured population dynamics with focus on interacting effects of intraspecific competition and weather on reproduction and survival. Annual survival of adult females (0.866 ± 0.107 [ ± SE]) was lower than that of 3‐year‐olds (0.955 ± 0.051), although annual fecundity (producing a foal in a year that was observed during our census) was higher in adults (0.616 ± 0.023) compared to 3‐year‐olds (0.402 ± 0.054). Milder winters and lower densities during gestation increased fecundity. Density negatively impacted survival for all age and sex categories; however, highest adult female survival was observed during high‐density years coupled with a harsh winter, the result expected if pregnancy loss during winter or loss of foals in spring improved survival. Three‐year‐old females, which reproduced at lower rates, experienced higher survival than adults. Our results contrast with a previous study of feral horses that suggested recently feral ungulates might be artificially selected to reproduce even when costs to survival are high. In part, this may be because of the comparably long history of feralization (250 years; at least 25 generations) for Sable Island horses.
Exploring the Effects of Axial Pseudohalide Ligands on the Photophysical and Cyclic Voltammetry Properties and Molecular Structures of MgII Tetraphenyl/porphyrin Complexes
Authors: Ezzayani Khaireddine , Denden Zouhour , Najmudin Shabir , Bonifácio Cecilia , Saint‐Aman Eric , Loiseau Frédérique , Nasri Habib 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe (meso‐tetraphenylporphyrinato)magnesium(II) complexes with azido (1), cyanato‐N (2), and thiocyanato‐N (3) ligands were prepared by using 2.2.2‐cryptand to solubilize the azide, cyanato, and thiocyanato salts in dichloromethane solvent. These species were characterized by UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and electrochemistry. The first reduction potential and the two first oxidation potentials of the porphyrin rings of these species are not affected by the nature of the axial ligand, and an unusual third irreversible oxidation of the porphyrin ring is observed. The anodic behavior of the magnesium azide derivative is complicated by the appearance of additional signals for ligand‐centered electron transfers that originate from the release of the azido ligand of 1. The room‐temperature fluorescence spectra of the magnesium complexes 1–3 indicate that the Soret and Q bands are not particularly affected by the nature of the axial ligands. The quantum yields of the S1→S0 fluorescence are between 0.10 and 0.19, and the fluorescence lifetimes range between 3.7 and 6.1 ns at room temperature. Complexes 1–3 crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system in the same space group, P21/n. The molecular structure of 1 is the first example of a magnesium azide complex. The average equatorial magnesium–Npyrrole bond lengths (Mg–Np) are higher than those of the related pentacoordinate magnesium porphyrin species and decreases from 1 [2.1187(16) Å] to 2 [2.1108(15) Å] to 3 [2.0962(13) Å]; the distance between the magnesium center and the 24‐atom mean plane of the porphyrin ring (Mg–PC) also decreases from 1 to 2 to 3 with values of 0.6629(7), 0.6598(7), and 0.5797(6) Å, respectively. Complex 1 shows major doming and saddle distortions, whereas 2–3 exhibit relatively high ruffling and moderate doming deformations. The molecular structure of 1 is stabilized by weak intermolecular C–H···N hydrogen bonds between one carbon atom of the phenyl ring and the terminal nitrogen atom of the azido ligand, and the lattice of 2 exhibits weak intermolecular C–H···O H bonds between one carbon atom of the phenyl ring and the terminal oxygen atom of the NCO– ligand. The crystal structure of 3 is mainly sustained by weak intermolecular C–H···Cg π interactions between a carbon atom of 2.2.2‐cryptand and the centroid of one pyrrole ring.
A Pair of Enantiopure Cubane‐Type CuII4O4 Clusters: Synthesis, Structure, Chirality and Magnetism
Authors: Yin Ji , Yin Ting‐Ting , Gao Chen , Wang Bing‐Wu , Zhu Yuan‐Yuan , Wu Zong‐Quan , Gao Song 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA pair of enantiopure cubane‐type CuII4O4 clusters was constructed from simple chiral ligands (R or S)‐2‐[(2‐hydroxy‐1‐phenylethylimino)methyl]phenol (H2LR or S). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies demonstrated that complexes 1R and 1S are enantiomers. They consist of a CuII4O4 cubane core in which the four CuII centres are linked by a μ3‐oxo bridge. The four CuII ions in one cluster are all in a distorted square‐pyramidal geometry. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy also confirmed that complexes 1R and 1S are enantiomers and that the chirality was successfully transferred and amplified from the ligand to the coordination environment of the CuII ions. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show an overall antiferromagnetic interaction which could be fitted by using MAGPACK with a two parameter model (J1 = –5.58 cm–1, J2 = 3.80 cm–1).
Microwave‐Enhanced Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of N‐(tert‐Butylsulfinyl)imines
Authors: Pablo Óscar , Guijarro David , Yus Miguel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMicrowave irradiation has considerably enhanced the efficiency of the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of N‐(tert‐butylsulfinyl)imines in isopropyl alcohol catalyzed by a ruthenium complex bearing the achiral ligand 2‐amino‐2‐methylpropan‐1‐ol. In addition to shortening reaction times for the transfer hydrogenation processes to only 30 min, the amounts of ruthenium catalyst and isopropyl alcohol can be considerably reduced in comparison with our previous procedure assisted by conventional heating, which diminishes the environmental impact of this new protocol. This methodology can be applied to aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic N‐(tert‐butylsulfinyl)ketimines, leading, after desulfinylation, to the expected primary amines in excellent yields and with enantiomeric excesses of up to 96 %.
Iodine Sensing by AgI and AgI1−xClx
Authors: Clinsha P. C. , Gnanasekar K. I. , Jayaraman V. , Gnanasekaran T. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCompositions of nominal formula, AgI1−xClx (x=0–0.25) were prepared by soft chemical method. The synthesized compositions were characterized by various physicochemical techniques. The studies revealed the formation of solid solution of AgCl in AgI up to 5 mol %. The composition AgI0.95Cl0.05 exhibited marginally higher conductivity than AgI. Electrochemical sensors were assembled using AgI and AgI0.95Cl0.05. Iodine sensing properties of these two potentiometric sensors were elucidated. Preliminary results show that I2 can be sensed down to ∼10 vppm.
Electrochemical Determination of Pyrogallol at Conducting Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) Film‐Modified Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Hung Cheng‐Hsien , Chang Wei‐Ting , Su Wan‐Yu , Cheng Shu‐Hua 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe electrochemical oxidation of pyrogallol at electrogenerated poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film‐modified screen‐printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) was investigated. The voltammetric peak for the oxidation of pyrogallol in a pH 7 buffer solution at the modified electrode occurred at 0.13 V, much lower than the bare SPCE and preanodized SPCE. The experimental parameters, including electropolymerization conditions, solution pH values and applied potentials were optimized to improve the voltammetric responses. A linear calibration plot, based on flow‐injection amperometry, was obtained for 1–1000 µM pyrogallol, and a slope of 0.030 µA/µM was obtained. The detection limit (S/N=3) was 0.63 µM.
Preparation of Polyaniline/Au0 Nanocomposites Modified Electrode and Application for Hydrazine Detection
Authors: Xin Meng , Lin Hailian , Yang Jianmao , Chen Mengni , Ma. Xiaoyu , Liu Jianyun 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe PANI/Au0 nanocomposite films were successfully prepared on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using a simple alternate adsorption of water soluble polyaniline (PANI) and ${{\rm AuCl}{{- \hfill \atop 4\hfill}}}$. The growth of the films was monitored by UVVis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. ${{\rm AuCl}{{- \hfill \atop 4\hfill}}}$ was in‐situ reduced in the film due to the redox interaction between PANI and ${{\rm AuCl}{{- \hfill \atop 4\hfill}}}$, without extra reductant. The ultrafine Au nanoparticles with the size of 2–4 nm were observed by transmission electron spectroscopy. The existence of zero‐valence Au nanocrystals (Au0) was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray Diffraction and FTIR. PANI in the nano‐structured PANI/Au0 composite films displayed a good redox activity in neutral pH solution. The as‐obtained PANI/Au0/GCE presents an excellent electrocatalytic activity to hydrazine oxidation, and the mechanism of hydrazine oxidation was studied. The calibration curve on (PANI/Au0)5/GCE was obtained in the concentration range of 0.01–6 mM with the detection limit of 1 µM (S/N>3). The modified electrode has a great potential for hydrazine sensor application due to its ease of fabrication, good reproducibility and high stability.
The Development of a Diversity Initiative: Framework for the Graduate Education Diversity Internship (GEDI) Program
Authors: Symonette Hazel , Mertens Donna M. , Hopson Rodney 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to provide a historical framing for the development of the American Evaluation Association's (AEA's) Graduate Education Diversity Internship (GEDI) program as an outgrowth of the AEA's Building Diversity Initiative (BDI). This chapter provides historical documentation of the AEA's BDI and the origins of the GEDI program and discusses how this represents an important part of AEA's history. We discuss the circumstances that led up to the decision to begin the BDI, the organizational dynamics of bringing about the changes that BDI and GEDI stimulated in AEA and the evaluation profession, and the implications of this process for AEA's evolution as a culturally responsive organization.
Embedding the Graduate Education Diversity Internship (GEDI) Program Within a Larger System
Authors: Lee Kien , Gilbert Brandi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis chapter discusses the systemic changes that need to occur in order for the Graduate Education Diversity Internship (GEDI) to live up to its mission and the underlying values for which it stands. It examines the context within which the GEDI program was created and the values and norms that shaped the program curriculum, followed by an examination of the organizations that comprise the ecosystem that shapes the evaluation profession. It concludes with suggestions for impacting this ecosystem and more important, the acknowledgement of the ecosystem that requires pipeline programs like the GEDI program to focus on change beyond the individual level.
How Will We Know It When We See It? A Critical Friend Perspective of the Graduate Education Diversity Internship (GEDI) Program and Its Legacy in Evaluation
Authors: Hood Stafford 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAs a critical friend of the Graduate Education Diversity Internship (GEDI) program, I provide three personal reference points to organize observations and reflections during my role as mentor and instructor for the program. As a scholar concerned with promoting Culturally Responsive Evaluation (CRE), I reflect on the founding and development of the program alongside some of the key ideas that shaped CRE with the hopeful assumptions that the GEDI alumni will carry the CRE torch that lights the path for those who will follow in this common struggle.
Reduction in blood pressure and serum lipids by lycosome formulation of dark chocolate and lycopene in prehypertension
Authors: Petyaev Ivan M. , Dovgalevsky Pavel Y. , Chalyk Natalia E. , Klochkov Victor , Kyle Nigel H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTwenty‐nine healthy volunteers aged 47–69 years old were randomly assigned to a 28‐day oral intake of different dark chocolate (DC) formulations. The main group received daily 30 g of proprietary lycopene‐containing (L‐tug) lycosome formulation of DC with enhanced bioavailability of cocoa flavanols. Two control groups daily consumed either 30 g of regular DC alone or along with 7 mg of lycopene, which corresponds to the amount of lycopene ingested with L‐tug formulation. It was found that L‐tug was more efficient in reducing diastolic blood pressure (mean value of −6.22 mmHg, 95% CI: 5.00, 8.00) when compared with the regular DC group (−3.00 mmHg, P < 0.05) or the group which ingested the DC and lycopene as two separate formulations (mean reduction of −4 mmHg, 95% CI: 2.47, 6.00, P = 0.0262). Only marginal superiority for L‐tug formulation in the reduction in systolic blood pressure was seen. However, the L‐tug formulation was the only formulation of DC which affected serum lipids. There was a reduction in total cholesterol (from median 228.00 mg/dL [95% CI: 206.2, 242.5] to 187.00 mg/dL [95% CI: 166.2, 202.2, P < 0.05]) with corresponding decline of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (from a median of 166.00 mg/dL [95% CI: 130.8, 177.0] to 151.00 mg/dL [95% CI: 122.8, 167.4; P < 0.05]) at the end of the intervention period. Similar decline was seen in serum triglycerides (P < 0.05). Serum high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, glucose levels, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) values remained statistically unchanged in all study groups throughout the intervention period. A superior biological activity of the L‐tug lycosome formulation of DC extending beyond its antihypertensive effect to lipid‐lowering ability opens up new possibilities for the use of DC for health purposes helping to reduce daily caloric intake without compromising on the health benefits of DC consumption.
Brentuximab vedotin administered to platinum‐refractory, transplant‐naïve Hodgkin lymphoma patients can increase the proportion achieving FDG PET negative status
Authors: Onishi Maika , Graf Solomon A. , Holmberg Leona , Behnia Sanaz , Shustov Andrei R. , Schiavo Karen , Philip Mary , Libby Edward N. , Cassaday Ryan D. , Pagel John M. , Roden Jennifer E. , Maloney David G. , Green Damian J. , Till Brian G. , Press Oliver W. , Smith Stephen D. , Gopal Ajay K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNormalization of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) imaging prior to high‐dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) improves outcomes in relapsed and refractory (RR) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), but many patients refractory to platinum‐based salvage regimens are unable to achieve this goal. We therefore investigated whether brentuximab vedotin (BV) could normalize FDG PET in platinum‐refractory HL prior to ASCT. Fifteen consecutive patients with RR HL and FDG PET positive disease after platinum‐based salvage therapy were treated with a median of 4 cycles of BV. Normalization of FDG PET (Deauville ≤2) occurred in 8/15 (53%) patients but was only observed in patients that had achieved partial remission or stable disease after platinum‐based salvage therapy. All patients eventually proceeded to ASCT, regardless of FDG PET status. Our data suggest that BV can normalize FDG PET in a subset of patients with platinum‐refractory HL prior to ASCT. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response to O'Reilly et al. (2014): Policy of the US Geological Survey on advocacy
Authors: Bales Jerad D 
Published: September 2014

Key Points
A statement in O'Reilly et al. (2013) alleging USGS Scientists have advocated bans of coal tar sealcoat is inaccurate. It is the policy of the USGS that our products, and communications remain neutral and not advocate, recommend, or prescribe actions.
Evaluation and refinement of a field‐portable drinking water toxicity sensor utilizing electric cell–substrate impedance sensing and a fluidic biochip
Authors: Widder Mark W. , Brennan Linda M. , Hanft Elizabeth A. , Schrock Mary E. , James Ryan R. , van der Schalie William H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe US Army's need for a reliable and field‐portable drinking water toxicity sensor was the catalyst for the development and evaluation of an electric cell–substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) device. Water testing technologies currently available to soldiers in the field are analyte‐specific and have limited capabilities to detect broad‐based water toxicity. The ECIS sensor described here uses rainbow trout gill epithelial cells seeded on fluidic biochips to measure changes in impedance for the detection of possible chemical contamination of drinking water supplies. Chemicals selected for testing were chosen as representatives of a broad spectrum of toxic industrial compounds. Results of a US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)‐sponsored evaluation of the field portable device were similar to previously published US Army testing results of a laboratory‐based version of the same technology. Twelve of the 18 chemicals tested following USEPA Technology Testing and Evaluation Program procedures were detected by the ECIS sensor within 1 h at USEPA‐derived human lethal concentrations. To simplify field‐testing methods further, elimination of a procedural step that acclimated cells to serum‐free media streamlined the test process with only a slight loss of chemical sensitivity. For field use, the ECIS sensor will be used in conjunction with an enzyme‐based sensor that is responsive to carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐modal acousto‐optic/ultrasound imaging of ex vivo liver tumors at 790 nm using a Sn2P2S6 wavefront adaptive holographic setup
Authors: Laudereau Jean‐Baptiste , à La Guillaume Emilie Benoit , Servois Vincent , Mariani Pascale , Grabar Alexander A. , Tanter Mickaël , Gennisson Jean‐Luc , Ramaz François 
Published: September 2014

Biological tissues are very strong light‐scattering media. As a consequence, current medical imaging devices do not allow deep optical imaging unless invasive techniques are used. Acousto‐optic imaging is a light‐ultrasound coupling technique that takes advantage of the ballistic propagation of ultrasound in biological tissues to access optical contrast with a millimeter resolution. We have developed a photorefractive‐crystal‐based system that performs self‐adaptive wavefront holography and works within the optical therapeutic window. As it works at an appropriate wavelength range for biological tissues imaging, it was tested on ex vivo liver samples containing tumors as a pre‐clinical study. Optical contrast was obtained even if acoustical one was not significant.
Ultrasound image (left) and acousto‐optic image (right) of a liver biopsy with tumors. Acousto‐optic imaging exhibits tumors that are not detected through ultrasound.magnified imageUltrasound image (left) and acousto‐optic image (right) of a liver biopsy with tumors. Acousto‐optic imaging exhibits tumors that are not detected through ultrasound.
Biodegradable polymer scaffolds loaded with low‐dose BMP‐2 stimulate periodontal ligament cell differentiation
Authors: Skodje Anders , Idris Shaza Bushra M. , Sun Yang , Bartaula Sushma , Mustafa Kamal , Finne‐Wistrand Anna , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. , Leknes Knut N. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPoly(l‐lactide)‐co‐(epsilon‐caprolactone) [poly(LLA‐co‐CL)] and poly(l‐lactide)‐co‐(1,5‐dioxepan‐2‐one) [poly(LLA‐co‐DXO)] are being considered candidate scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. We evaluated the bioactive potential of poly(LLA‐co‐CL) and poly(LLA‐co‐DXO) scaffolds loaded with low‐dose bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2). Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were cultured onto the various scaffolds loaded with 1 µg BMP‐2 or without BMP‐2 (control). Cell viability, attachment, and proliferation were determined using a methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay at day 1, 3, and 7. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze cell morphology at day 7. Cell differentiation was evaluated assaying alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at day 7, 14, and 21. Real‐time PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of periostin, ALP, type I collagen, bone sialoprotein and BMP‐2. A commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess BMP‐2 production. Surface analysis disclosed excellent cell attachment, spread, and penetration into the porous scaffolds. The MTT assay indicated that scaffolds loaded with low concentration of BMP‐2 did not influence the viability of cells. Cells grown on the modified scaffolds expressed higher levels of osteogenic markers than the nonmodified scaffolds (p < 0.05). Poly(LLA‐co‐CL) and poly(LLA‐co‐DXO) scaffolds loaded with low‐dose BMP‐2 exhibited a significant effect stimulating PDL differentiation suggesting a continued evaluation in relevantin vivomodels. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1991–1998, 2015.
Development of a mouse model of supraspinatus tendon insertion site healing
Authors: Bell Rebecca , Taub Peter , Cagle Paul , Flatow Evan L. , Andarawis‐Puri Nelly 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTSupraspinatus (SS) tendon tears are common musculoskeletal injuries whose surgical repair exhibits the highest incidence of re‐tear of any tendon. Development of therapeutics for improving SS tendon healing is impaired by the lack of a model that allows biological perturbations to identify mechanisms that underlie ineffective healing. The objective of this study was to develop a mouse model of supraspinatus insertion site healing by creating a reproducible SS tendon detachment and surgical repair which can be applied to a wide array of inbred mouse strains and genetic mutants. Anatomical and structural analyses confirmed that the rotator cuff of the mouse is similar to that of human, including the presence of a coracoacromial (CA) arch and an insertion site that exhibits a fibrocartilagenous transition zone. The surgical repair was successfully conducted on seven strains of mice that are commonly used in Orthopaedic Research suggesting that the procedure can be applied to most inbred strains and genetic mutants. The quality of the repair was confirmed with histology through 14 days after surgery in two mouse strains that represent the variation in mouse strains evaluated. The developed mouse model will allow us to investigate mechanisms involved in insertion site healing. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:25–32, 2015.