bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Density Arrangement of Biomimetic Plasmonic Nanoprobes Guided by DNA Nanoroller based Cleaving‐Rolling Process for SERS Sensing Analysis
Authors: Xu Xinlin , Li Tiantian , Liu Yue , Xu Yang , Zhao Jingjing , Chen Wenhan , Luo Yu , Han Linping , Song Weiling , Yang Richard (Chunhui) , He Peng , Wang Yichao , Zhou Hong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDNA walker nanomachines are in fast development for biosensing, medical diagnostics, and food safety monitoring. For practical application, the issues of slow dynamics and low operational efficiency hinder its widespread application. Inspired by the high efficiency of agricultural cooperative machinery, a unique cleaving‐rolling‐assembly integrated nanodevice (CRAIN) is constructed for the high‐performance detection of various biomolecules. In the design, DNA nanotubes are introduced as building loaders to engineer polyoriented walking DNA nanorollers with blocked DNAzyme‐based walking strands and thus to increase the reaction direction and local concentration. Through target‐specific recognition, the activated nanorollers can autonomously and progressively cleave and roll along directional hairpin tracks on a gold substrate, significantly accelerating the reaction rate. Moreover, using nucleic acid‐encoded urchin‐shaped multispike gold‐silver composite nanospheres (nMGSs) as SERS‐enhanced probes, the engineered assembly of nMGSs probes induced by the cleaving‐rolling process promotes the formation of high‐density hotspot domains, further improving the detection sensitivity. With rational design, the CRAIN system can be extended to perform highly sensitive analyses of various analytes, such as microRNA‐21, butyrylcholinesterase activity and organophosphorus pesticides. This integrated assembly strategy can provide new perspectives for clinical diagnosis, biomedical engineering, and environmental science.
Photocatalytic CO2‐to‐CH4 Conversion with Ultrahigh Selectivity of 95.93% on S‐Vacancy Modulated Spatial In2S3/In2O3 Heterojunction
Authors: Lai Kezhen , Sun Yuxin , Li Ning , Gao Yangqin , Li Hui , Ge Lei , Ma Tianyi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic conversion of CO2 to methane faces challenges due to the stability of CO2, unpredictable intermediates, and complex electron transfer steps. Herein, a spatial In2S3/In2O3 heterojunction with abundant S vacancies (ISIO(VS)) is obtained through facile Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) treatment to reach a methane yield of 16.52 µmol·g−1·h−1 with a selectivity of 95.93%, which is the highest among reported In2S3 and In2O3 based catalysts. The work function (Wf), differential charge density, and Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) results confirm that S vacancies strengthen the built‐in electric field (BEF) of In2S3/In2O3 (ISIO) heterojunctions, improving carrier separation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that S vacancies induce electron redistribution, facilitating adsorption and activation of CO2 and *CO intermediate, thus promoting hydrogenation to yield *CHO. The reaction pathway of photocatalytic CO2 reduction is revealed by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG). The S vacancies modify electronic orbitals and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of In atom, resulting in a stronger interaction between the catalyst and *CHO, which reduces ΔG*CHO and regulates the selectivity of CH4. This study paves a new avenue for the design of photocatalysts with highly selective reduction of CO2 to CH4 through defect engineering.
The Dawn of a New Pharmaceutical Epoch: Can AI and Robotics Reshape Drug Formulation?
Authors: Bannigan Pauric , Hickman Riley J. , Aspuru‐Guzik Alán , Allen Christine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOver the last four decades, pharmaceutical companies’ expenditures on research and development have increased 51‐fold. During this same time, clinical success rates for new drugs have remained unchanged at about 10 percent, predominantly due to lack of efficacy and/or safety concerns. This persistent problem underscores the need to innovate across the entire drug development process, particularly in drug formulation, which is often deprioritized and under‐resourced.
Phototactic/Photosynthetic/Magnetic‐Powered Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii‐Metal‐Organic Frameworks Micro/Nanomotors for Intelligent Thrombolytic Management and Ischemia Alleviation
Authors: Chiang Chia‐Che , Liu Chia‐Hung , Rethi Lekshmi , Nguyen Hieu Trung , Chuang Andrew E.‐Y. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThrombosis presents a critical health threat globally, with high mortality and incidence rates. Clinical treatment faces challenges such as low thrombolytic agent bioavailability, thrombosis recurrence, ischemic hypoxia damage, and neural degeneration. This study developed biocompatible Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii micromotors (CHL) with photo/magnetic capabilities to address these needs. These CHL micromotors, equipped with phototaxis and photosynthesis abilities, offer promising solutions. A core aspect of this innovation involves incorporating polysaccharides (glycol chitosan (GCS) and fucoidan (F)) into ferric Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), loaded with urokinase (UK), and subsequently self‐assembled onto the multimodal CHL, forming a core‐shell microstructure (CHL@GCS/F‐UK‐MOF). Under light‐navigation, CHL@GCS/F‐UK‐MOF is shown to penetrate thrombi, enhancing thrombolytic biodistribution. Combining CHL@GCS/F‐UK‐MOF with the magnetic hyperthermia technique achieves stimuli‐responsive multiple‐release, accelerating thrombolysis and rapidly restoring blocked blood vessels. Moreover, this approach attenuates thrombi‐induced ischemic hypoxia disorder and tissue damage. The photosynthetic and magnetotherapeutic properties of CHL@GCS/F‐UK‐MOF, along with their protective effects, including reduced apoptosis, enhanced behavioral function, induced Heat Shock Protein (HSP), polarized M2 macrophages, and mitigated hypoxia, are confirmed through biochemical, microscopic, and behavioral assessments. This multifunctional biomimetic platform, integrating photo‐magnetic techniques, offers a comprehensive approach to cardiovascular management, advancing related technologies.
Targeting Osteoblast‐Osteoclast Cross‐Talk Bone Homeostasis Repair Microcarriers Promotes Intervertebral Fusion in Osteoporotic Rats
Authors: Zheng Jiancheng , Li Xiaoyan , Zhang Fangke , Li Changwei , Zhang Xingkai , Wang Fei , Qi Jin , Cui Wenguo , Deng Lianfu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBalancing osteoblast‐osteoclast (OB‐OC) cross‐talk is crucial for restoring bone tissue structure and function. Current clinical drugs targeting either osteogenesis or osteoclastogenesis fail to effectively regulate cross‐talk, impeding efficient bone repair in osteoporosis patients. Ubiquitin‐specific protease 26 (USP26) is shown to coordinate OB‐OC cross‐talk by independently regulating β‐catenin and Iκb‐α. However, effective drugs for activating USP26 are still lacking. Here, they constructed bone homeostasis repair microcarriers (BHRC) that encapsulate Usp26 mRNA‐loaded lipid nanoparticles (mRNA@LNP) within MMPs‐responsive GelMA hydrogel microspheres. These microcarriers target the osteoporotic microenvironment and regulate OB‐OC cross‐talk, thereby facilitating intervertebral fusion in osteoporotic rats. Results demonstrate that mRNA@LNP exhibits uniform particle size and high transfection efficiency, while GelMA hydrogel microspheres possess excellent biocompatibility and MMP responsiveness, providing favorable cell survival space and controllable release of mRNA@LNP. The released LNP upregulates USP26 protein expression, effectively promoting osteogenesis while suppressing osteoclast formation. In vivo experiments show that injecting BHRC into the defect site of intervertebral discs in osteoporotic rats significantly promotes tail vertebrae fusion by responding to the microenvironment and regulating cell‐to‐cell cross‐talk. Thus, the BHRC holds great potential in regulating osteoporotic homeostasis, particularly in challenging bone defects such as intervertebral fusion in osteoporotic environments.
Ionic Covalent Organic Framework Solid‐State Electrolytes
Authors: Kim Yoonseob , Li Chen , Huang Jun , Yuan Yufei , Tian Ye , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRechargeable secondary batteries, widely used in modern technology, are essential for mobile and consumer electronic devices and energy storage applications. Lithium (Li)‐ion batteries are currently the most popular choice due to their decent energy density. However, the increasing demand for higher energy density has led to the development of Li metal batteries (LMBs). Despite their potential, the commonly used liquid electrolyte‐based LMBs present serious safety concerns, such as dendrite growth and the risk of fire and explosion. To address these issues, using solid‐state electrolytes in batteries has emerged as a promising solution. In this Perspective, recent advancements are discussed in ionic covalent organic framework (ICOFs)‐based solid‐state electrolytes, identify current challenges in the field, and propose future research directions. Highly crystalline ion conductors with polymeric versatility show promise as the next‐generation solid‐state electrolytes. Specifically, the use of anionic or cationic COFs is examined for Li‐based batteries, highlight the high interfacial resistance caused by the intrinsic brittleness of crystalline ICOFs as the main limitation, and presents innovative ideas for developing all‐ and quasi‐solid‐state batteries using ICOF‐based solid‐state electrolytes. With these considerations and further developments, the potential for ICOFs is optimistic about enabling the realization of high‐energy‐density all‐solid‐state LMBs.
Revolutionizing Sulfur Polymerization with a Biogenic Catalyst Approach
Authors: Mousavi Masoumeh , Hou Ke‐Xin , Kazemi Mohammadjavad , Li Cheng‐Hui , Fini Elham H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a novel biogenic catalyst derived from silver grass (SG) that could revolutionize sulfur polymerization, addressing the critical challenge of sulfur waste management. The oil refining industry generates large quantities of sulfur byproducts, which pose significant environmental risks. Inverse vulcanization offers a promising method to convert this waste into valuable polymers, but it traditionally relies on costly and environmentally harmful catalysts. The development of benign, sustainable catalysts is essential to making sulfur polymerization more eco‐friendly and scalable. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of the SG biogenic catalyst compared to the conventional chemical catalyst zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (Zn(DTC)2). Rheological characterizations reveal that the SG catalyst not only outperforms Zn(DTC)2 at elevated temperatures but also provides superior moisture resistance, enhancing polymer durability. Additionally, the SG‐catalyzed polymer exhibits better elasticity and structural integrity under mechanical stress. A density functional theory (DFT)‐based study further supports these findings, showing that the SG biochar matrix enables stronger Zn‐S coordination, resulting in improved polymer properties. These results highlight the potential of this biogenic catalyst to revolutionize sulfur polymerization, paving the way for more sustainable practices in the chemical industry by converting waste sulfur into valuable polymer resources.
Artificial Bacteriophages for Treating Oral Infectious Disease via Localized Bacterial Capture and Enhanced Catalytic Sterilization
Authors: Liu Xiaocan , Luo Danfeng , Dai Shuang , Cai Yanting , Chen Tianyan , Bao Xingfu , Hu Min , Liu Zhen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the rapid emergence of antibiotic‐resistant pathogens, nanomaterial‐assisted catalytic sterilization has been well developed to combat pathogenic bacteria by elevating the level of reactive oxygen species including hydroxyl radical (·OH). Although promising, the ultra‐short lifetime and limited diffusion distance of ·OH severely limit their practical antibacterial usage. Herein, the rational design and preparation of novel virus‐like copper silicate hollow spheres (CSHSs) are reported, as well as their applications as robust artificial bacteriophages for localized bacterial capture and enhanced catalytic sterilization in the treatment of oral infectious diseases. During the whole process of capture and killing, CSHSs can efficiently capture bacteria via shortening the distance between bacteria and CSHSs, produce massive ·OH around bacteria, and further iinducing the admirable effect of bacterial inhibition. By using mucosal infection and periodontitis as typical oral infectious diseases, it is easily found that the bacterial populations around lesions in animals after antibacterial treatment fall sharply, as well as the well‐developed nanosystem can decrease the inflammatory reaction and promote the hard or soft tissue repair. Together, the high Fenton‐like catalytic activity, strong bacterial affinity, excellent antibacterial activity, and overall safety of the nanoplatform promise its great therapeutic potential for further catalytic bacterial disinfection.
Analyzing the Effect of Electrolyte Quantity on the Aging of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lechtenfeld Christian‐Timo , Buchmann Julius , Hagemeister Jan , Bela Marlena M. , van Wickeren Stefan , Stock Sandro , Daub Rüdiger , Wiemers‐Meyer Simon , Winter Martin , Nowak Sascha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite a substantial impact on various economic and cell technology factors, the influence of electrolyte quantities is rarely addressed in research. This study examines the impact of varying electrolyte quantities on cell performance and aging processes using three different electrolytes: LP57 (1 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate:ethyl methyl carbonate (EC:EMC 3:7 w/w), LP572 (LP57+2 wt.% vinylene carbonate (VC)) and LP57 + absVC (18.351 mg VC). Comprehensive analytical post mortem investigations revealed that continuous excessive electrolyte decomposition determines the performance of cells using LP57, leading to enhanced irreversible lithium‐ion loss and interphase thickening with increasing electrolyte volume. Impedance rise due to the growth of the interphase was also identified as the cause of degrading cell performance with rising amounts of LP572, attributed to an increasingly pronounced consumption of VC rather than electrolyte aging effects. By varying the electrolyte quantity while maintaining a constant amount VC within the cell system, the differences in cell performance were minimized, and observed deteriorating effects were suppressed. This study demonstrates the sensitive interdependence of electrolyte volume and additive concentration, practically affecting aging behavior. Comprehensively understanding the characteristics of each individual electrolyte component and tailoring the electrolytes to cell‐specific cell properties proves to be crucial to optimize cell performance.
Lateral Piezoelectricity of Alzheimer's Aβ Aggregates
Authors: Jang Jinhyeong , Joo Soyun , Yeom Jiwon , Jo Yonghan , Zhang Jingshu , Hong Seungbum , Park Chan Beum 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly aged over 65. The extracellular accumulation of beta‐amyloid (Aβ) aggregates in the brain is considered as the major event worsening the AD symptoms, but its underlying reason has remained unclear. Here the piezoelectric characteristics of Aβ aggregates are revealed. The vector piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) analysis results exhibit that Aβ fibrils have spiraling piezoelectric domains along the length and a lateral piezoelectric constant of 44.1 pC N‐1. Also, the continuous sideband Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) images display that the increment of charge‐induced surface potential on a single Aβ fibril is allowed to reach above +1700 mV in response to applied forces. These findings shed light on the peculiar mechano‐electrical surface properties of pathological Aβ fibrils that exceed those of normal body components.
Nurse perspectives on the assessment of emergency medicine residents: A qualitative study
Authors: Valentine Jake , Jung Julianna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundMultisource and 360‐degree feedback are emerging methods in the medical education assessment literature. Nursing feedback in particular has been identified as a point of emphasis regarding what medical education leadership would most value for incorporating into their evaluations. There is no currently accepted tool for multisource feedback in the emergency department (ED). To answer this call, we conducted a qualitative study to elucidate nurse perspectives on evaluation of emergency medicine residents.MethodsWe conducted individual semistructured interviews of ED nurses with experience working alongside residents via volunteer recruitment. Transcripts were coded independently by each author and then reviewed collaboratively to resolve differences. Codes were created by inductive thematic analysis and subsequently underwent constant comparison and classical content analysis. Recruitment continued until analysis of transcripts showed thematic saturation.ResultsWe organized the interview transcript into chunks of information, arranging 407 quotes from the 10 interview transcripts into 17 codes and six themes regarding observable resident behaviors. Representative quotes and exemplar cases added detailed description to the meaning of these codes. The identified themes for observable resident behaviors included “general communication style,” “medical knowledge,” “efficiency,” “patient communication,” “nurse communication,” and “professionalism.” An additional 13 codes addressed the themes of barriers and catalysts for feedback.ConclusionsThe identified themes on observable resident behaviors aligned well with prior literature and with the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones. The interviews also highlighted nurse perspectives on barriers and catalysts for feedback that would be useful to incorporate into the design of an assessment tool.
Global self‐similarity of dense granular flow in silo: The role of silo width
Authors: Li Changhao , Li Xin , Chen Xiangui , Wang Zaixin , Sun Min , Huang Decai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe influence of silo width on dense granular flow in a two‐dimensional silo is investigated through experiments and simulations. Though the flow rate remains stable for larger silo widths, a slight reduction in silo width results in a significant increase in flow rate for smaller silo widths. Both Beverloo's and Janda's formula accurately capture the relationship between the flow rate and outlet size. Flow characteristics in the regions near the outlet exhibit local self‐similarity, supporting Beverloo and Janda's principles. Moreover, global self‐similarity is analyzed, indicated by the transition in flow state from mass flow in regions far from the outlet to funnel flow near the outlet. The earlier occurrence of this transition favors to enhance the grain velocity and consequently increases the dense flow rate. An exponential scaling law is proposed to describe the dependencies of flow rate, grain velocity, and transition height on silo width.
Allele‐Specific Editing of a Dominant SCN8A Epilepsy Variant Protects against Seizures and Lethality in a Murine Model
Authors: Yu Wenxi , Hill Sophie F. , Huang Yumei , Zhu Limei , Demetriou Yiannos , Ziobro Julie , Reger Faith , Jia Xiaoyan , Mattis Joanna , Meisler Miriam H. 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveDevelopmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) can result from dominant, gain of function variants of neuronal ion channels. More than 450 de novo missense variants of the sodium channel gene SCN8A have been identified in individuals with DEE.MethodsWe studied a mouse model carrying the patient Scn8a variant p.Asn1768Asp. An AAV‐PHP.eB virus carrying an allele‐specific single guide RNA (sgRNA) was administered by intracerebroventricular injection. Cas9 was provided by an inherited transgene.ResultsAllele‐specific disruption of the reading frame of the pathogenic transcript generated out‐of‐frame indels in 1/4 to 1/3 of transcripts throughout the brain. This editing efficiency was sufficient to rescue lethality and seizures. Neuronal hyperexcitability was reduced in cells expressing the virus.InterpretationThe data demonstrate efficient allele‐specific editing of a dominant missense variant and support the feasibility of allele‐specific therapy for DEE epilepsy. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:958–969
Introducing Phosphorus into the Overcrowded Thiele's hydrocarbon Family: Unveiling Contorted Main Group Diradicaloids with Dynamic Redox Behavior
Authors: Deka Rajesh , Asif Ansari Mohd , Chattopadhyay Samir , Lomoth Reiner , Thapper Anders , Orthaber Andreas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThiele's Hydrocarbons (THs) featuring a 9,10‐anthrylene core with switchable geometric and electronic configurations offer exciting possibilities in advanced functional materials. Despite significant advances in main group‐based diradicaloids in contemporary chemistry, main group THs containing an anthrylene cores have remained elusive, primarily due to the lack of straightforward synthetic strategies and the inherent high reactivity of these species. In this study, we utilize an anthracene‐based phosphine synthon to demonstrate, for the first time, a facile and high‐yielding synthetic strategy for robust P‐functionalized overcrowded ethylenes (OCEs) within the TH family. These OCEs feature a non‐symmetric environment, incorporating (thio) xanthyl and phosphaalkene termini. We systematically probe the electronic structures of these derivatives to illustrate the impact of the isolobal phosphaalkene motif on the quinoidal/diradicaloid character. Notably, the compounds exhibit dynamic redox behavior, leading to orthogonally twisted conformational changes upon oxidation, with a kinetically locked redox‐couple.
Allosterie über eine ein intermolekulares dynamisches Netzwerk beherbergende Protein‐Protein‐Grenzfläche
Authors: Medina Gomez Sara , Gonzalez Tye I. , Vasa Suresh K. , Linser Rasmus 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDie Bewegungseigenschaften von Proteinen bestimmen Erkennung, Katalyse und Regulation. Die Dynamik interagierender Aminosäurereste kann intramolekulare dynamische Netzwerke bilden – gegenseitige Abhängigkeiten, die von der Evolution fein abgestimmt wurden, um diversen funktionellen Aspekten zu dienen. Die konstruktive Interaktion von Resten aus verschiedenen Proteinen zum Aufbau intermolekularer dynamischer Netzwerke ist ähnlich wahrscheinlich, jedoch aufgrund der interferierenden Assoziations‐/Dissoziationsdynamik experimentell deutlich schwieriger zugänglich. Hier verwenden wir Festkörper‐NMR‐Spektroskopie bei schneller Rotation um den magischen Winkel, insbesondere 15N R1ρ NMR‐Relaxationsdispersion, in Kombination mit Molekulardynamiksimulationen zur mechanistischen Erfassung der Hierarchie einzelner Bewegungen an einem Kristall‐Kristall‐Kontakt, d. h. ohne Translationsbewegung, auf der μs‐Zeitskala. Im Gegensatz zum Monomer, bei dem bestimmte Mutationen lediglich lokale Veränderungen zur Folge haben, koppeln spezifische intermolekulare Wechselwirkungen hier die Bewegungseigenschaften entfernter Reste desselben Proteins. Die aus dieser rein konzeptionellen Arbeit gewonnenen mechanistischen Erkenntnisse könnten unser Verständnis dafür verbessern, wie intramolekulare Allosterie durch intermolekulare Wechselwirkungen, d. h. über den Aufbau dynamischer Netzwerke aus zuvor isolierten Elementen, gebildet werden kann.