bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reporting trends and prognostic significance of lymphovascular invasion in muscle‐invasive urothelial carcinoma: A population‐based study
Authors: Berman David M , Kawashima Atsunari , Peng Yingwei , Mackillop William J , Siemens D Robert , Booth Christopher M 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo investigate reporting patterns and outcomes associated with lymphovascular invasion in a general population setting.MethodsWe identified all cystectomy patients with muscle‐invasive urothelial cancer in Ontario, Canada, 1994–2008. Surgical pathology reports were analyzed for pathological variables including lymphovascular invasion. Lymphovascular invasion reporting patterns were described over time. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association of lymphovascular invasion with survival.ResultsOf the 2802 cases identified, lymphovascular invasion status was reported in 75%. Lymphovascular invasion reporting significantly improved over the study period and was correlated with poor prognostic pathological features (T stage and N stage). Comprehensive cancer center status was not consistently associated with lymphovascular invasion reporting. Patients with lymphovascular invasion had substantially lower survival than patients who were lymphovascular invasion‐negative or whose lymphovascular invasion status was unstated (P < 0.001). Lymphovascular invasion was independently associated with survival in patients regardless of lymph node metastasis. After adjusting for age, stage, comorbidity, margin status and adjuvant chemotherapy, lymphovascular invasion remained strongly associated with reduced survival (hazard ratio 1.98, 95% confidence interval 1.71–2.29).ConclusionsAlthough routine reporting of lymphovascular invasion has improved over the years, pathologists appear to be biased towards evaluating lymphovascular invasion in patients with high‐stage disease. Despite this bias, lymphovascular invasion remains an important prognostic factor among patients treated by cystectomy. Pathologists in general practice should report lymphovascular invasion status more consistently and urologists should hold their pathology colleagues to a higher standard.
Mapping present and future potential distribution patterns for a meso‐grazer guild in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Leidenberger Sonja , De Giovanni Renato , Kulawik Robert , Williams Alan R. , Bourlat Sarah J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimThe Baltic Sea is one of the world's largest semi‐enclosed brackish water bodies characterized by many special features, including endemic species that may be particularly threatened by climate change. We mapped potential distribution patterns under present and future conditions for a community with three trophic levels. We analysed climate‐induced changes in the species' distribution patterns and examined possible consequences for the chosen food web.LocationBaltic Sea and northern Europe.MethodsWe developed two open‐source workflow‐based analytical tools: one for ecological niche modelling and another for raster layer comparison to compute the extent and intensity of change in species' potential distributions. Individual ecological niche models were generated under present conditions and then projected into a future climate change scenario (2050) for a food web consisting of a guild of meso‐grazers (Idotea spp.), their host algae (Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus radicans) and their fish predator (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We used occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), literature and museum collections, together with five environmental layers at a resolution of 5 and 30 arc‐minutes.ResultsHabitat suitability for Idotea balthica and Idotea chelipes in the Baltic Sea seems to be mostly determined by temperature and ice cover rather than by salinity. 2050 predictions for all modelled species show a northern/north‐eastern shift in the Baltic Sea. The distribution ranges for Idotea granulosa and G. aculeatus are predicted to become patchier in the Baltic than in the rest of northern Europe, where the species will gain more suitable habitats.Main conclusionsFor the Baltic Sea, climate‐induced changes resulted in a gain of suitable habitats for F. vesiculosus, I. chelipes and I. balthica, whereas lower habitat suitability was predicted for I. granulosa, F. radicans and G. aculeatus. The predicted north‐eastern shift of I. balthica and I. chelipes into the distribution area of F. radicans in the Baltic Sea may result in increased grazing pressure. Such additional threats to isolated Baltic populations can lead to a higher extinction risk for the species, especially as climate changes are likely to be very rapid.
Convergent perceptions of organizational efficacy among team members and positive work outcomes in organizational teams
Authors: Du Jing , Shin Yuhyung , Choi Jin Nam 
Published: September 2014

We explored the effects of employees’ organizational efficacy perceptions on their subsequent behaviour and performance. Study 1 demonstrated the discriminant validity of organizational efficacy and its significant incremental contribution to the prediction of job performance over the variance explained by other efficacy beliefs and organization‐directed constructs. Study 2 tested our hypotheses using multilevel analyses of 2‐wave longitudinal data collected over a 2‐year period from 846 employees of 105 work teams. Organizational efficacy perceptions significantly predicted employees’ subsequent helping behaviour and job performance. These relationships were more pronounced when an employee's efficacy perceptions were congruent with those of other team members. Growth curve analysis showed that such perceptual congruence increased over time when the focal employee experienced a high level of support from team leaders. The study contributes to extant efficacy literature by establishing organizational efficacy as a new and meaningful dimension that predicts important employee outcomes.Practitioner points

The findings provide practitioners with a demonstration of how employees’ organizational efficacy perceptions affect work outcomes and predict their job performance and helping behaviour.

The study highlights the importance of perceptual fit in organizational efficacy by showing how organizational efficacy perceptions improve outcomes when team members agree on their perceptions.

The findings provide practitioners with insights into the role of team leaders’ supportive leadership in promoting perceptual fit among team members.
ChIP‐seq reveals a role for CrzA in the Aspergillus fumigatus high‐osmolarity glycerol response (HOG) signalling pathway
Authors: de Castro Patrícia A. , Chen Chenxi , de Almeida Ricardo Sérgio Couto , Freitas Fernanda Z. , Bertolini Maria C. , Morais Enyara Rezende , Brown Neil Andrew , Ramalho Leandra Naira Zambelli , Hagiwara Daisuke , Mitchell Thomas K. , Goldman Gustavo H. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryAspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic pathogen and allergen of mammals. Calcium signalling is essential for A. fumigatus pathogenicity and is regulated by the CrzA transcription factor. We used ChIP‐seq (Chromatin Immunoprecipitation DNA sequencing) to explore CrzA gene targets in A. fumigatus. In total, 165 potential binding peaks including 102 directly regulated genes were identified, resulting in the prediction of the A[GT][CG]CA[AC][AG] CrzA‐binding motif. The 102 CrzA putatively regulated genes exhibited a diverse array of functions. The phkB (Afu3g12530) histidine kinase and the sskB (Afu1g10940) MAP kinase kinase kinase of the HOG (high‐osmolarity glycerol response) pathway were regulated by CrzA. Several members of the two‐component system (TCS) and the HOG pathway were more sensitive to calcium. CrzA::GFP was translocated to the nucleus upon osmotic stress. CrzA is important for the phosphorylation of the SakA MAPK in response to osmotic shock. The ΔsskB was more sensitive to CaCl2, NaCl, and paraquat stress, while being avirulent in a murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The presence of CaCl2 and osmotic stresses resulted in synergistic inhibition of ΔcrzA and ΔsskB growth. These results suggest there is a genetic interaction between the A. fumigatus calcineurin‐CrzA and HOG pathway that is essential for full virulence.
A Century of Circulation: The Return of the Smithsonian Institution's Duplicate Anthropological Specimens
Authors: Nichols Catherine A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFor nearly a century, the Smithsonian Institution permanently distributed “duplicate specimens” from its museum collections to public educational institutions. In 1903 and 1905, shipments of anthropological material were sent to the Jackson Free Library in Jackson, Tennessee, to be used as educational tools. Using a biographical methodology, I trace the movement of objects from the Smithsonian Institution to this small library, their uses in Jackson, and their eventual return to the National Museum of Natural History in 2007. Through this case study, I argue that, while preservation is a key function of the museum, the determination of which objects museums keep is contingent on the discursive formations and value systems of museums, anthropologists, and curators. [deaccessioning, Smithsonian Institution, collections management, history of anthropology]
Tight blood glycaemic and blood pressure control in experimental diabetic nephropathy reduces extracellular matrix production without regression of fibrosis
Authors: Conway Bryan R. , Betz Boris , Sheldrake Tara A. , Manning Jonathan R. , Dunbar Donald R. , Dobyns Abigail , Hughes Jeremy , Mullins John J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimsRegression of albuminuria and renal fibrosis occurs in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) following tight control of blood glucose and blood pressure, however the pathways that promote regression remain poorly understood and we wished to characterize these using a rodent model.MethodsDiabetes was induced with streptozotocin in Cyp1a1mRen2 rats and hypertension was generated by inducing renin transgene expression with dietary indole‐3‐carbinol (I‐3‐C) for 28 weeks. At this point an ‘injury cohort’ was culled, while in a ‘reversal cohort’ glycaemia was tightly controlled using insulin implants and blood pressure normalized by withdrawing dietary I‐3‐C for a further 8 weeks. Pathways activated during and following reversal of diabetes and hypertension were assessed by microarray profiling.ResultsTight control of blood glucose and blood pressure reduced albuminuria and renal hypertrophy, but had no impact on renal fibrosis. 85 genes were up‐regulated specifically during the injury phase, including genes encoding multiple myofibroblast and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Conversely, 314 genes remained persistently elevated during reversal including genes linked to innate/adaptive immunity, phagocytosis, lysosomal processing and degradative metalloproteinases (MMPs). Despite increased MMP gene expression, MMP activity was suppressed during both injury and reversal, in association with up‐regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1) protein. Physical separation of the TIMP‐1/MMP complexes during zymography of tissue homogenate restored MMP activity.ConclusionNormalization of blood glucose and pressure ameliorates albuminuria and inhibits excess ECM production, however persistent TIMP‐1 expression hinders attempts at ECM remodelling. Therapies which counteract the action of TIMPs may accelerate scar resolution.
Examining the evidence for policy and environmental strategies to prevent childhood obesity in black communities: new directions and next steps
Authors: Kumanyika S. K. , Swank M. , Stachecki J. , Whitt‐Glover M. C. , Brennan L. K. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryExposure to physical and policy environments that limit availability, affordability and appeal of healthy eating and active living options is higher for U.S. blacks than whites. This may contribute to high risk of obesity in black communities and limit effectiveness of preventive interventions. Here, we assess applicability to black Americans of findings from a prior evidence review system designed to accelerate the discovery and application of policy and environmental strategies for childhood obesity prevention and assess external validity. The database included 600 peer‐reviewed articles reporting data from 396 sets of studies (study groupings) published from January 2000 through May 2009 and pertained to 24 types of policy and environmental strategies. Only 33 study groupings (∼8%) included ≥50% black Americans or reported subgroup analyses. Of 10 evaluation studies for interventions rated as effective for all populations in the primary review, 8 suggested effectiveness of child‐focused interventions in school or child care settings for obesity‐ or physical activity‐related outcomes in black Americans. Overall findings highlight the need for rigorous evaluations of interventions that reach black children in community or institutional settings, and conceptual frameworks and research designs geared to identifying ethnic or ethnicity–income group differences in intervention effects.
A systematic review of weight loss, physical activity and dietary interventions involving African American men
Authors: Newton R. L. , Griffith D. M. , Kearney W. B. , Bennett G. G. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryWhen compared with men of other racial or ethnic groups, African American men are more likely to experience adverse health conditions. The systematic review objectives were to (i) determine the current evidence base concerning African American men's response to lifestyle behavioural interventions designed to promote weight loss, increase physical activity, and/or improve healthy eating and (ii) determine the next steps for research in these areas. The PubMed, Web of Science, Psych Info and Cochrane databases were searched to identify papers published before January 1, 2013 that reported change in weight, physical activity and/or dietary patterns in African American men aged 18 and older, as a result of behavioural change strategies. The titles and abstracts of 1,403 papers were screened; after removing duplicates, 141 papers were read to determine their eligibility. Seventeen publications from 14 studies reported outcomes for African American men. Eight large multi‐centre trials and six community‐based studies were identified. African American men were an exclusive sample in only four studies. Five studies showed statistically significant improvements. Although the available evidence appears to show that these interventions produce positive results, the relative and the long‐term effectiveness of weight loss, dietary and/or physical activity interventions for this population are unknown.
Introduction to the special issue on achieving healthy weight in black American communities
Authors: Whitt‐Glover M. C. , Kumanyika S. K. , Haire‐Joshu D. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe prevalence of obesity is high in the United States, and highest among racial and ethnic minority groups. This special issue of Obesity Reviews is based upon evidence reviews prepared for and presented at a national invited workshop convened by the African American Collaborative Obesity Research Network (AACORN) in August of 2012. A set of potential topics was developed, a priori, and AACORN network members and colleagues with relevant expertise were invited to lead evidence reviews. The result is 10 articles focused on providing a comprehensive picture of what is known and unknown about interventions to prevent and treat obesity or improve weight‐related behaviours in African American adults and children. Evidence reviews included in this special issue focus on children and adolescents (n = 2); adults from various perspectives (n = 5); eHealth interventions (n = 1); interventions within faith organizations (n = 1); and environmental and policy change interventions (n = 1). Overall, the reviews show a small evidence base for research on African Americans and call for additional prioritization of funding to include studies that can inform action and bring progress in obesity prevention and treatment in African Americans on par with the scope and seriousness of the problem.
Electronic health (eHealth) interventions for weight management among racial/ethnic minority adults: a systematic review
Authors: Bennett G. G. , Steinberg D. M. , Stoute C. , Lanpher M. , Lane I. , Askew S. , Foley P. B. , Baskin M. L. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryElectronic health (eHealth) interventions have demonstrated efficacy for weight management. However, little is known about their efficacy among racial/ethnic minority populations, in whom there is a disproportionate prevalence of obesity. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of eHealth weight management interventions among overweight and obese racial/ethnic minority adults. We required that trial samples be comprised of at least 50% racial/ethnic minorities or report outcomes by race/ethnicity. We searched five electronic databases for trials conducted through June 2012. Six papers met our eligibility criteria. These studies provide suggestive evidence that eHealth interventions can produce low magnitude, short‐term weight loss among racial/ethnic minorities. Trials were methodologically sound, with high retention and participant engagement. There was no evidence detailing the efficacy of mobile health approaches, although this area is promising given high utilization rates of mobile devices among racial/ethnic minorities. More evidence, particularly from longer‐term trials, is necessary to demonstrate that eHealth intervention approaches can produce clinically meaningful (≥5% of initial body weight) weight loss among racial/ethnic minority populations.
Permanent Pacing in Nonagenarians Over 20‐Year Period
Authors: ANTONELLI DANTE , FREEDBERG NAHUM A. , BUSHARI LIMOR I. , FELDMAN ALEXANDER , TURGEMAN YOAV 
Published: September 2014

IntroductionLife expectancy increases progressively and nonagenarians are a growing population. We report trends in pacing and long‐term outcome in nonagenarians over a 20‐year period in a single center compared with those of younger patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all the patients who underwent their first pacemaker implantation from January 1, 1991 to December 31, 2010 and were followed through December 31, 2013.ResultsDuring the study period, 1,009 patients underwent first pacemaker implantation: 45 patients were older than 90 years (mean age 92.5 ± 2.6) (4.5%); 21 were men. Battery replacement was performed in four patients in whom first implant was made at age ≥90 years (8.9%) and in 231 patients aged <90 (24%; P < 0.01). Syncope was the most common symptom leading to pacing, followed by dizziness and fatigue in all age groups; no significant difference of symptoms was found between patient age groups. In patients aged ≥90 atrioventricular block and atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response were more frequent, while sick sinus syndrome and carotid sinus hypersensitivity were less frequent than in younger patients. Ventricular chamber pacemakers were implanted with significant growing frequency, according to the older patients' age. Neither the indication for pacemaker implantation nor pacing mode influenced survival.ConclusionsNonagenarians are a growing population. Symptoms leading to pacing in patients aged ≥90 were similar to those of younger patients, but different frequency was found in the electrocardiographic indications. Ventricular chamber pacemakers were significantly more implanted than dual‐chamber pacemakers but without negative survival influence.
The Aesthetics of Punk Rock
Authors: Prinz Jesse 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPhilosophers should listen to punk rock. Though largely ignored in analytic aesthetics, punk can shed light on the nature, limits, and value of art. Here, I will begin with an overview of punk aesthetics and then extrapolate two lessons. First, punk intentionally violates widely held aesthetic norms, thus raising questions about the plasticity of taste. Second, punk music is associated with accompanying visual styles, fashion, and attitudes; this points to a relationship between art and identity. Together, these lessons suggest that art appreciation is not just about finding beauty or aesthetic worth but is also about constructing a self.
Recent Work on Human Nature: Beyond Traditional Essences
Authors: Kronfeldner Maria , Roughley Neil , Toepfer Georg 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRecent philosophical work on the concept of human nature disagrees on how to respond to the Darwinian challenge, according to which biological species do not have traditional essences. Three broad kinds of reactions can be distinguished: (1)conservative intrinsic essentialism, which defends essences in the traditional sense, (2)eliminativism, which suggests dropping the concept of human nature altogether, and (3)constructive approaches, which argue that revisions can generate sensible concepts of human nature beyond traditional essences. The different constructive approaches pick out one or two of the three epistemic roles that are fused in traditional essentialist conceptions of human nature: descriptive (descriptivism), explanatory (explanativism), definitional (taxonomic relationalism), or explanatory and definitional (property cluster essentialism). These turns towards diverging epistemic roles are best interpreted pluralistically: there is a plurality of concepts of human nature that have to be clearly distinguished, each with a legitimate role in respective scientific contexts.
Non‐human Support: Broadening the Scope of Attachment Theory
Authors: Keefer Lucas A. , Landau Mark J. , Sullivan Daniel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAttachment theory proposes that people form strong social ties because certain relationships provide feelings of security and support. Traditionally, theorists and researchers have assumed that because this process is innate and evolved, only human targets are capable of meeting a person's needs for security. Recent research challenges this assumption by demonstrating that an array of targets, such as places and pets, can also satisfy needs for security, particularly under conditions of threatened or absent connection to other people. We bring together these diverse findings and discuss how they enrich our understanding of the nature and operation of attachment processes and related phenomena. Specifically, this line of research contributes to a comprehensive picture of the diverse means by which people flexibly seek and maintain psychological security both within and outside of their close, interpersonal relationships. It also raises new research questions concerning the similarities and differences between human and non‐human support.
When Social Partners Unite – Explaining Continuity and Change in Austrian and Dutch Labour Market Governance
Authors: Soentken Menno , Weishaupt J. Timo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWhy do Austria and the Netherlands, two highly corporatist, coordinated, consensual countries diverge with respect to the involvement of social partners in their Public Employment Service? By comparing and contrasting the competing predictions of the power‐resource, employer‐centred and social partnership approaches, we identify a key omitted variable that can explain the observed variations: the ability of the social partners to unite on reform positions. We demonstrate that when the social partners are divided, their collective power is reduced and partisan‐based policy outcomes become more pronounced. In turn, when the social partners jointly favour a particular outcome, their collective power increases and they can override governmental reform plans, even if the government holds a large legislative majority. These findings highlight the causal importance of power relations between and within the social partners for institutional continuity and change.