bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A critical review of recent Gaia wide binary gravity tests
Authors: Hernandez X , Chae Kyu-Hyun , Aguayo-Ortiz A 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Over the last couple of years, the appearance of the third data release from the Gaia satellite has triggered various wide binary low acceleration gravity tests. Wide binaries with typical total masses $\approx 1.0 - 1.6\,\mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$ and separations above a few thousand au probe the low acceleration $a \lesssim a_{0}$ regime, where at galactic and larger scales gravitational anomalies typically attributed to the presence of an as yet undetected dark matter component appear, where $a_{0} \approx 1.2\times 10^{-10}$ m s$^{-2}$ is the acceleration scale of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). Thus, studies of the relative velocities and separations on the plane of the sky, $v_{2\mathrm{ D}}$ and $s_{2\mathrm{ D}}$, respectively, of wide binary stars extending to separations above a few kau, provide an independent approach on the empirical study of gravity in the interesting $a \lesssim a_{0}$ acceleration range. Two independent groups, through complementary approaches, have obtained evidence for a departure from Newtonian predictions in the low acceleration regime, in consistency with MOND expectations for wide binary orbits in the Solar Neighbourhood. Two other groups however, have instead reported results showing a clear preference for Newtonian gravity over various MOND alternatives tested, over the same low acceleration regime. We here take a critical look at the various studies in question, from sample selection to statistical treatment of the wide binary relative velocities obtained. We discover a couple of critical problems in the formal design and statistical implementation shared by the two latter groups, and show explicitly how these yield biased conclusions.
Digitalizing Specialist Smoking Cessation Support in Pregnancy: Views of Pregnant Smokers
Authors: Belderson Pippa , McDaid Lisa , Emery Joanne , Coleman Tim , Leonardi-Bee Jo , Naughton Felix 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Unsupported attempts to quit smoking during pregnancy have a low success rate. Chances of quitting successfully are higher with an interpersonal treatment program but there is low uptake of this in the United Kingdom. Delivering a pregnancy-specific treatment program digitally may provide an alternative treatment route. This study explored pregnant smokers’ perceptions of barriers and facilitators to using digital cessation support, along with identifying modes of delivery and engagement enhancers.

Aims and Methods
Semi-structured interviews were carried out with an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of 25 participants with recent experience of attempting to quit smoking in pregnancy, aged 20–40, from the United Kingdom. An inductive thematic analysis approach was used.

Results
Digital smoking cessation support, particularly a smartphone app, for pregnancy was felt to overcome many barriers to engaging with interpersonal support, being viewed as more convenient, and nonjudgmental, providing better consistency of advice, and enhancing privacy and autonomy. However, some participants felt that removing access to a human could undermine a digital support package and reduce engagement. Popular engagement enhancers included self-monitoring (eg, digital recording of smoking; smartphone-linked carbon monoxide monitoring), online communities, and remote access to nicotine substitution options. Digital support was viewed as having potential as a stand-alone intervention or working in conjunction with standard interpersonal treatment.

Conclusions
The findings support the investigation of a digital support package as both a stand-alone and adjunct to standard interpersonal cessation support in pregnancy to increase the proportion of pregnant smokers who make a supported quit attempt.

Implications
In many countries like the United Kingdom, there are few smoking cessation options routinely available that provide effective support for smoking cessation in pregnancy. To maximize impact, health services need an effective range of strategies to engage with and support quit attempts made by all pregnant smokers, particularly as interpersonal support options are not often well used. Development of a pregnancy-specific digital support package for smoking cessation in pregnancy may represent a means to help address this gap.
Transcriptomic response to nitrogen availability reveals signatures of adaptive plasticity during tetraploid wheat domestication
Authors: Pieri Alice , Beleggia Romina , Gioia Tania , Tong Hao , Di Vittori Valerio , Frascarelli Giulia , Bitocchi Elena , Nanni Laura , Bellucci Elisa , Fiorani Fabio , Pecchioni Nicola , Marzario Stefania , De Quattro Concetta , Limongi Antonina Rita , De Vita Pasquale , Rossato Marzia , Schurr Ulrich , David Jacques L , Nikoloski Zoran , Papa Roberto 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The domestication of crops, coupled with agroecosystem development, is associated with major environmental changes and provides an ideal model of phenotypic plasticity. Here, we examined 32 genotypes of three tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) subspecies, wild emmer, emmer, and durum wheat, which are representative of the key stages in the domestication of tetraploid wheat. We developed a pipeline that integrates RNA-Seq data and population genomics to assess gene expression plasticity and identify selection signatures under diverse nitrogen availability conditions. Our analysis revealed differing gene expression responses to nitrogen availability across primary (wild emmer to emmer) and secondary (emmer to durum wheat) domestication. Notably, nitrogen triggered the expression of twice as many genes in durum wheat compared to that in emmer and wild emmer. Unique selection signatures were identified at each stage: primary domestication mainly influenced genes related to biotic interactions, whereas secondary domestication affected genes related to amino acid metabolism, in particular lysine. Selection signatures were found in differentially expressed genes (DEGs), notably those associated with nitrogen metabolism, such as the gene encoding glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Overall, our study highlights the pivotal role of nitrogen availability in the domestication and adaptive responses of a major food crop, with varying effects across different traits and growth conditions.
[Ca2+]cyt-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN KINASE 1 and NIMA-RELATED KINASE 2 interact during root hair cell morphogenesis
Authors: Yang Hong , Huang Chongzheng , Dong Nannan , Xu Yifei , Zheng Yiling , Xu Lushun , Guo Sasa , Zhang Xin , Ma Xiaonan , Bai Ling 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Root hair growth has been studied to understand the principles underlying the regulation of directional growth. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) [Ca2+]cyt-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN KINASE 1 (CAP1) maintains normal vesicle trafficking and cytoskeleton arrangement during root hair growth in response to ammonium signaling. In the current study, we identified CAP1 SUPPRESSOR 1 (CAPS1) as a genetic suppressor of the cap1-1 mutation. The CAPS1 mutation largely rescued the short root hair phenotype of cap1-1. Loss of CAPS1 function resulted in significantly longer root hairs in cap1-1. MutMap analysis revealed that CAPS1 is identical to NIMA (NEVER IN MITOSIS A)-RELATED KINASE 2 (NEK2). In addition, our studies showed that NEK2 is expressed in root and root hairs. Its distribution was associated with the pattern of microtubule (MT) arrangement and partially colocalized with CAP1. Further biochemical studies revealed that CAP1 physically interacts with NEK2 and may enhance its phosphorylation. Our study suggests that NEK2 acts as a potential phosphorylation target of CAP1 in maintaining the stability of root hair MTs to regulate root hair elongation.
Structure of the intact Tom20 receptor in the human translocase of the outer membrane complex
Authors: Su Jiayue , Tian Xuyang , Wang Ziyi , Yang Jiawen , Sun Shan , Sui Sen-Fang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex serves as the main gate for preproteins entering mitochondria and thus plays a pivotal role in sustaining mitochondrial stability. Precursor proteins, featuring amino-terminal targeting signals (presequences) or internal targeting signals, are recognized by the TOM complex receptors Tom20, Tom22, and Tom70, and then translocated into mitochondria through Tom40. By using chemical cross-linking to stabilize Tom20 in the TOM complex, this study unveils the structure of the human TOM holo complex, encompassing the intact Tom20 component, at a resolution of approximately 6 Å by cryo-electron microscopy. Our structure shows the TOM holo complex containing only one Tom20 subunit, which is located right at the center of the complex and stabilized by extensive interactions with Tom22, Tom40, and Tom6. Based on the structure, we proposed a possible translocation mode of TOM complex, by which different receptors could work simultaneously to ensure that the preproteins recognized by them are all efficiently translocated into the mitochondria.
Singular effect of linkage on long-term genetic gain in Fisher’s infinitesimal model
Authors: Tourrette Elise , Martin Olivier C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
During the founding of the field of quantitative genetics, Fisher formulated in 1918 his “infinitesimal model” that provided a novel mathematical framework to describe the Mendelian transmission of quantitative traits. If the infinitely many genes in that model are assumed to segregate independently during reproduction, corresponding to having no linkage, directional selection asymptotically leads to a constant genetic gain at each generation. In reality, genes are subject to strong linkage because they lie on chromosomes and thus segregate in a correlated way. Various approximations have been used in the past to study that more realistic case of the infinitesimal model with the expectation that the asymptotic gain per generation is modestly decreased. To treat this system even in the strong linkage limit, we take the genes to lie on continuous chromosomes. Surprisingly, the consequences of genetic linkage are in fact rather singular, changing the nature of the long-term gain per generation: the asymptotic gain vanishes rather than being simply decreased. Nevertheless, the per-generation gain tends to zero sufficiently slowly for the total gain, accumulated over generations, to be unbounded.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis with and without antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies: a case-control study
Authors: Casal Moura Marta , Falde Sam , Sethi Sanjeev , Fervenza Fernando C , Specks Ulrich , Baqir Misbah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
ANCA-negative granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Clinical differences between patients with ANCA-negative vs ANCA-positive GPA have not been analysed in sizable case-control studies, and the effects of ANCA-seroconversion from negative to positive are not well documented.

Methods
A single-centre, sex and age matched case-control study evaluated ANCA-negative vs ANCA-positive GPA from 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2015. Patients who experienced seroconversion were the subject of a case-crossover study. Clinical data and outcomes were retrieved from electronic medical records.

Results
ANCA-negative GPA was identified in 110 patients; 65% were female; median age was 55 (IQR 39–65) years at time of diagnosis. Disease severity was milder in ANCA-negative GPA (BVAS/WG = 2 vs 6, P &lt; 0.001). Mucous membranous/eye manifestations were more frequent in ANCA-negative GPA. General symptoms, pulmonary and renal involvement were more frequent in ANCA-positive GPA. Patients with ANCA-positive GPA relapsed more over 60 months (21.8% vs. 9.1%, P = 0.009) compared with ANCA-negative GPA and had shorter time to event (P = 0.043). Patients with general manifestations, BMI &gt; 30kg/m2 and necrotizing granulomatous inflammation were more likely to relapse. The 16 patients who seroconverted into ANCA-positive during follow-up had higher mean BVAS/WG at time of diagnosis (P &lt; 0.001) and increased incidence of relapses (P = 0.004) after seroconversion. Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation on biopsy in ANCA-negative GPA patients was identified as a risk factor for subsequent seroconversion to ANCA-positivity.

Conclusion
Patients with ANCA-negative GPA have milder disease and a lower frequency of relapse than those with ANCA-positive GPA. ANCA appearance portended higher disease severity and an increased frequency of relapses.
Submandibular gland tissue RNAseq and spatial transcriptome analyses in IgG4-related disease
Authors: Yamamoto Motohisa , Kamekura Ryuta , Uehara Masaaki , Ichii Yuta , Tanaka Tomonao , Aochi Satsuki , Takano Ken-ichi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
To identify genes that could provide clues leading to the discovery of drugs to treat IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD).

Methods
Submandibular gland tissue bulk RNAseq analysis of 45 cases with a definite diagnosis of IgG4-RD was integrated with Visium spatial transcriptome analysis of two cases to identify pathogenic genes expressed in tertiary lymphoid tissues.

Results
Bulk RNAseq and pathway analyses showed upregulation of cell cycle and T cell-related signals in IgG4-RD. Spatial transcriptome analysis identified the cluster corresponding to germinal centres and the top 38 common genes that showed significant variations in expression compared with other clusters. The top 20 genes were extracted by comparing the bulk RNAseq data. Network analysis identified CDK1 as the gene most strongly associated of the top 20 genes.

Conclusion
The CDK1 gene may be a regulator of the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD and provide clues for drug discovery.
Copper-mediated neurotoxicity and genetic vulnerability in the background of neurodegenerative diseases in C. elegans
Authors: Weishaupt Ann-Kathrin , Ruecker Lysann , Meiners Torben , Schwerdtle Tanja , Silva Avila Daiana , Aschner Michael , Bornhorst Julia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), have yet to be fully characterized, and genetic as well as environmental factors in their disease etiology are underappreciated. Although mutations in genes such as PARKIN and LRRK2 have been linked to PD, the idiopathic component of the disease suggests a contribution of environmental risk factors, including metals, such as copper (Cu). Cu overexposure has been reported to cause oxidative stress and neurotoxicity, but its role in neurodegenerative diseases is rarely studied. Using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a model organism for neurotoxicity, we assessed the effects of Cu oversupply in AD and PD models. Our findings reveal that although copper treatment did not induce neurodegeneration in wild-type worms or the AD model, it significantly exacerbated neurodegeneration in the PD-associated mutants PARKIN and LRRK2. These results suggest that genetic predisposition for PD enhances the sensitivity to copper toxicity, highlighting the multifactorial nature of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, our study provides insight into the mechanisms underlying Cu-induced neurotoxicity in PD models, including disruptions in dopamine levels, altered dopamine-dependent behavior and degraded dopaminergic neurons. Overall, our novel findings contribute to a better understanding of the complex interactions between genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis, emphasizing the importance of a tightly regulated Cu homeostasis in the etiology of PD.
Copper oversupply exacerbated neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans models of Parkinson’s disease, highlighting the genetic susceptibility and emphasizing the crucial role of tightly regulated copper homeostasis in Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis.
Formaldehyde and the transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 contribute to electronic cigarette aerosol-induced endothelial dysfunction in mice
Authors: Jin Lexiao , Richardson Andre , Lynch Jordan , Lorkiewicz Pawel , Srivastava Shweta , Fryar Laura , Miller Alexis , Theis Whitney , Shirk Gregg , Bhatnagar Aruni , Srivastava Sanjay , Riggs Daniel W , Conklin Daniel J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) aerosol exposures can induce endothelial dysfunction (ED) in healthy young humans and animals. Thermal degradation of ENDS solvents, propylene glycol, and vegetable glycerin (PG: VG), generates abundant formaldehyde (FA) and other carbonyls. Because FA can activate the transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) sensor, we hypothesized that FA in ENDS aerosols provokes TRPA1-mediated changes that include ED and “respiratory braking”—biomarkers of harm. To test this, wild-type (WT) and TRPA1-null mice were exposed by inhalation to either filtered air, PG: VG-derived aerosol, or FA (5 ppm). Short-term exposures to PG: VG and FA-induced ED in female WT but not in female TRPA1-null mice. Moreover, acute exposures to PG: VG and FA stimulated respiratory braking in WT but not in TRPA1-null female mice. Urinary metabolites of FA (ie, N-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, TCA; N-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carbonyl glycine, TCG) and monoamines were measured by LC-MS/MS. PG: VG and FA exposures significantly increased urinary excretion of both TCA and TCG in both WT and TRPA1-null mice. To confirm that inhaled FA directly contributed to urinary TCA, mice were exposed to isotopic 13C-FA gas (1 ppm, 6 h). 13C-FA exposure significantly increased the urine level of 13C-TCA in the early collection (0 to 3 h) supporting a direct relationship between inhaled FA and TCA. Collectively, these data suggest that ENDS use may increase CVD risk dependent on FA, TRPA1, and catecholamines, yet independently of either nicotine or flavorants. This study supports that levels of FA in ENDS-derived aerosols should be lowered to mitigate CVD risk in people who use ENDS.
Unstable Transgene Expression Affects Long-Term Efficacy of the Arabidopsis Immune Receptor EFR to Confer Quantitative Resistance to Citrus Canker Under Field Conditions
Authors: Jain Mukesh , Minsavage Gerald V. , Thapa Naweena , Horvath Diana M. , Zipfel Cyril , Moore Gloria A. , Fisher Latanya C. , Orbović Vladimir , Jones Jeffrey B. 
Published: July 2024

The Arabidopsis thaliana pattern recognition ELONGATION FACTOR-TU RECEPTOR (EFR) recognizes and binds the bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) elongation factor thermo unstable (EF-Tu) and its highly conserved derived peptide elf18. Previous work revealed that the transgenic expression of EFR (and chimeric EFR:: XA21) in several heterologous plant species, including in members of Solanaceae and in sweet orange, confers broad-spectrum bacterial disease resistance. In this study, stable sweet orange ( Citrus × sinensis) and grapefruit ( Citrus × paradisi) transformants expressing EFR or EFR:: XA21 were generated in an attempt to confer broad spectrum resistance to Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri ( Xcc), the causal agent of citrus canker, a serious disease of commercial citriculture. The transgene expression was confirmed via real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR). Juvenile transgenic trees were challenged with Xcc (spray and pinprick inoculation) and evaluated for canker susceptibility and disease progression. Three independently transformed transgenic events (out of 19 total) displayed partial resistance to canker when spray-inoculated, and one line showed resistance when wound-inoculated. Surprisingly, when two mature transgenic lines were evaluated under field conditions and exposure to natural infection, both were found to be as susceptible as the wild-type under prevalent pathogen load. RT-qPCR data indicated a gradual decline and significant spatial variability in EFR expression in leaves excised from different branches of the same tree. The data presented here call for a need for evaluating different promoters for stable and long-term EFR expression in woody perennial species. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Microinvasive intrascleral double continuous suture repair surgery for cyclodialysis clefts
Authors: Xu Cen-Bo , Huang Gong-Yu , Pan Qin-Tuo , Li Yong-Jian , Xu Bo-Lun , Wu Qi , Zhang Zong-Duan 
Published: July 2024

Background:
The traditional suturing method for cyclodialysis cleft usually requires an incision in the sclera for direct suturing, resulting in greater damage and a high risk of postoperative complications. The purpose of this work is to propose a newly intrascleral double continuous suture repair technique for the treatment of cyclodialysis clefts.

Methods:
Seven patients with cyclodialysis cleft underwent microinvasive intrascleral double continuous suture repair surgery to restore the attachment of the detached ciliary body to the sclera without scleral incision. All operations were performed by the same surgeon. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), slit lamp and corneal examination results, ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) results were recorded.

Results:
Closure of the cyclodialysis cleft was achieved in 7 eyes and no obvious complications occurred after the operation. Intraocular pressure increased from preoperatively 6.8 ± 1.35 mmHg (range: 4.8–8.0 mmHg) to postoperatively 12.5 ± 4.0 mmHg (range: 8.0–20.0 mmHg) (paired sample T test, P < 0.01). Best-corrected Snellen visual acuity improved from preoperatively range 20/2000-20/63 to range 20/200-20/25 at final follow-up.

Conclusion:
In short, intrascleral double continuous suture repair surgical is safe and effective in treating cyclodialysis cleft, with minimal surgical trauma.
Simple Modification of a DSAEK Carrier Enables Graft Insertion by Injection Without Compromising Endothelial Cell Viability
Authors: Straiko Megan M.W. , Letchworth Emma V. , Dye Philip K. , Galloway Joshua D. , Tran Khoa D. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
We evaluate the quality and feasibility of preloading Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) grafts into a modified EndoGlide Ultrathin system for graft injection.

Methods:
DSAEK grafts were prepared by experienced processing technicians at 2 separate locations, loaded into a modified EndoGlide Ultrathin, and placed in storage media. Grafts processed at one location were shipped cross-country overnight to the other location and were examined on arrival for positioning within the modified EndoGlide Ultrathin. All grafts were ejected and analyzed for endothelial cell loss (ECL) with calcein acetoxymethyl staining and FIJI segmentation. A subset of grafts was measured by optical coherence tomography for graft thickness 1 hour after cut, 1 hour after loading, and 1 day after loading.

Results:
No grafts were displaced from the modified carrier over 3 shipping events (n = 9), and all grafts (n = 18) were successfully ejected. Grafts loaded into the modified carrier and ejected exhibited no more cell loss than grafts loaded into the standard carrier and removed by pull-through (14.0% ± 2.8% vs. 12.2% ± 3.4%, respectively, P = 0.24). Carrier modification skills can be successfully transferred as grafts loaded by a processing technician new to carrier modification were within the acceptable limit of 25% ECL for transplant DSAEK grafts. Graft thickness increased significantly (P < 0.05) between the postcut and 1-hour postload measurement and the postcut and 24-hour postload measurement.

Conclusions:
The EndoGlide Ultrathin can be modified to enable its use for graft injection while not compromising the ability to use the pull-through method for graft delivery. Preloaded DSAEK grafts swell significantly during the 24-hour storage period, and patterns of ECL may be linked to swelling.