bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Propolis Components, Cinnamic Acid and Pinocembrin, on Apis Mellifera and Ascosphaera Apis
Authors: Voigt Kathrin , Rademacher Eva 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The value of propolis as a disinfectant agent in the bee hive is considerable. We investigated the fungistatic effect of cinnamic acid and pinocembrin on the pathogen Ascosphaera apis causing chalkbrood disease in bee colonies in the laboratory with an agar diffusion test on malt extract agar. The minimal fungicide inhibitory concentration was 0.5% for cinnamic acid and 1.5% for pinocembrin (MIC -values). Both substances were tested by individual application for adult bee tolerance in a range of dosages and for brood tolerance (L1 - L5) referring to the MIC values. The dermal toxicity of adult bees for cinnamic acid and pinocembrin was low, a maximum of 3.3% even in the highest dosage of 1000 μg (concentration 20%) and 250 μg (concentration 5%) per bee, respectively. The mortality rates showed no significant differences to the controls (z-test, p≤0.05). First results on brood tolerability after application of test substances resulted in larval mortality but primarily in the group of young larvae. The mortality reduced simultaneous with the increasing larval weight. The total larval mortality 72 hours after the application over all stages was 28.7% for cinnamic acid and 13.1% for pinocembrin (positive control group 24.8%; negative control group 15.4%). The test groups showed no significant increased mortality compared to the control groups (z-test, p≥0.05). Both substances have in vitro fungicide potential and can be considered as potential active agents against A. apis in honey bee drugs. The results provide high tolerance of adult bees and an indication for larval tolerability most notably in elder larvae.
Curcumin Stimulates Biochemical Mechanisms of Apis Mellifera Resistance and Extends the Apian Life-Span
Authors: Strachecka Aneta J. , Olszewski Krzysztof , Paleolog Jerzy 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We examined the influence of curcumin-supplemented feeding on worker lifespan, Nosema resistance, key enzyme activities, metabolic compound concentrations and percentage of the global DNA methylation. Two worker groups (Apis mellifera) were set up: 1) control group; workers were fed ad libitum with sucrose syrup; 2) workers were fed with the syrup with the addition of curcumin. Dead workers were removed every two days and the Nosema spp. infection levels were assessed. Hemolymph was taken from living workers for biochemical analyses. The global DNA methylation level was analysed using DNA from worker heads and thoraces. The bees that consumed curcumin lived longer and were less infested with Nosema spp. The curcumin-treated workers had higher concentrations of proteins, non-enzymatic biomarkers (triglycerides, glucose, cholesterol, Mg2+ and Ca2+), uric acid and creatinine, as well as elevated activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD , GPx, CAT , GST ), neutral proteases, protease inhibitors, enzymatic biomarkers (AST , ALT , ALP ). The concentrations of albumin and urea, and the activities of acidic and alkaline proteases were higher in the control group. Curcumin decreased global DNA methylation levels especially in older bees in which the natural, age-related level increase was observed. Most of the parameters increased over the apian youth and adulthood, and decreased in older bees. The decrease was markedly delayed in the bees fed with curcumin. Curcumin appeared to be an unexpectedly effective natural bio-stimulator, improving apian health and vitality. This multifactorial effect is caused by the activation of many biochemical processes involved in the formation of apian resistance.
On the kinetic foundations of Kaluza's magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Sandoval-Villalbazo Alfredo , Sagaceta-Mejía Alma R. , García-Perciante Ana L. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Recent work has shown the existence of a relativistic effect present
in a single component non-equilibrium fluid, corresponding to a heat flux due to an electric field
[J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn. 38 (2013), 141–151].
The treatment in
that work was limited to a four-dimensional Minkowski space-time in
which the Boltzmann equation was treated in a special relativistic
approach. The more complete framework of general relativity can be
introduced to kinetic theory in order to describe transport processes
associated to electromagnetic fields. In this context, the original
Kaluza's formalism is a promising approach
[Sitz. Ber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. (1921), 966–972;
Gen. Rel. Grav. 39 (2007), 1287–1296;
Phys. Plasmas 7 (2000), 4823–4830].
The present work contains a kinetic theory basis for Kaluza's magnetohydrodynamics
and gives a novel description for the establishment of thermodynamic
forces beyond the special relativistic description.
Clinical and molecular characterization of five Spanish kindreds with X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita: atypical findings and a novel mutation in NR0B1
Authors: Estévez Amaia Rodríguez , Pérez-Nanclares Gustavo , Fernández-Toral Joaquin , Rivas-Crespo Francisco , López-Siguero Juan P. , Díez Ignacio , Grau Gema , Castaño Luis 
Published: June 2015

AbstractX-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) is caused byTo characterize clinically and at the molecular level a cohort of Spanish patients with AHC.Nine boys (from five families) with AHC were screened forgene mutations were found in all analyzed patients, one of them being novel (p.Gln305*). One patient presented with preserved hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Salt-wasting episodes, delayed puberty, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism were common, although no association was observed between AHC phenotype and genetic mutations. None of the patients has had descendants.AHC phenotype cannot be predicted based on genetic results as there is no definite genotype-phenotype relationship, including intrafamilial variability. Nevertheless, genetic testing for
The spectrum of 46XY disorders of sex development in a University centre in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Jurayyan Nasir A.M. , Al Issa Sharifah D.A. , Al Nemri Abdulrahman M.H. , Al Otaibi Hessah M.N. , Babiker Amir M.I. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe term disorders of sex development (DSD) includes congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. The spectrum of the 46XY (DSD) is so broad. In this study, we reviewed the clinical spectrum of a cohort of patients with 46XY DSD in a tertiary institute in the Middle East over two decades.To define the clinical spectrum of 46XY DSD in a major teaching hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.This is a retrospective, case series hospital-based study. The case notes, laboratory investigations, and imaging studies were reviewed for patients with 46XY DSD over a 20 years period (1989–2010) at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Molecular genetics were not available in all patients.During the period under review; a total of 56 patients were seen with 46XY DSD due to variable etiologies. Androgen insensitivity syndromes (AIS) and 5-α-reductase deficiency were among the commonest (44.6%), with multiple siblings involvement within the family. Of these, 16 patients were showing variable degrees of insensitivity ranging between complete (n=5, 31.2%) and partial (n=11, 68.8%) insensitivity, whereas in nine patients the diagnosis of 5-α-reductase deficiency was entertained based on hormonal studies. Of interest to see was a high number of patients (n=14, 25%) either with a localized congenital anomalies such as the cloacal anomalies or generalized congenital malformations following the pattern of certain syndromes.A wide spectrum of causes were noted. Androgen insensitivity syndrome was the commonest. In Saudi Arabia, where consanguineous mating is high, 5-α-reductase is also a common cause of 46XY DSD.
Primary systemic carnitine deficiency: a Turkish case with a novel homozygous SLC22A5 mutation and 14 years follow-up
Authors: Yilmaz Berna Seker , Kor Deniz , Mungan Neslihan Onenli , Erdem Sevcan , Ceylaner Serdar 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSystemic primary carnitine deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by the deficiency of carnitine transporter. Main features are cardiomyopathy, myopathy and hypoglycemic encephalopathy. We report a Turkish case with a novel
Clinical characteristics of children referred for signs of early puberty before age 3
Authors: Kaplowitz Paul B. , Mehra Rinku 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSigns of puberty in very young children are often benign, but the evaluation needed and follow-up are controversial.The study had three objectives: 1) to analyze the frequency of diagnoses in children <3 years referred for early puberty; 2) to examine the usefulness of lab testing; and 3) to identify red flags indicating a more serious diagnosis.Charts of all children younger than age 3 referred for early puberty between 7/09 and 6/13 were reviewed.Of 275 patients, 156 (57%) were diagnosed with premature thelarche (PT), 69 (25%; 56 F/13M) with genital hair of infancy (GHI) and 37 (13%, all F) with both (GHI/PT). Six patients had axillary odor only. Four patients had more serious diagnoses, one each with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), non-classical CAH, McCune-Albright syndrome and central precocious puberty (CPP). Diagnoses did not change in those who returned for follow-up. Hormone tests revealed that none of the PT patients had elevation of both luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol, and half of the GHI patients tested had mildly elevated DHEA-S but normal testosterone and 17-OH progesterone.Very few children referred for puberty at <3 years appear to have a serious underlying diagnosis, and progression of PT to CPP was not identified in this series. Hormone testing is unlikely to be helpful in typical cases of PT, GHI or both, and many such cases may be followed in the primary care setting after initial clinical evaluation.
What can historical linguistics and experimental pragmatics offer each other?
Authors: Grossman Eitan , Noveck Ira 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLanguage change is a central concern for any linguistic theory. For one thing, it is often assumed that language change is explanatory, in that it provides a reasonable answer to what Haspelmath dubbed ‘Greenberg’s Problem’ in 2014: why are languages the way they are? A short version of the Greenbergian answer is: ‘Because they became that way through processes of language change.’ However, this sort of answer throws into focus the fact that language change is not only a potential explanation for language structures. Rather, it is a set of problems that itself calls for explanation. In fact, this could be called ‘Greenberg’s Second Question’: why do languages change the way they do? In this article, we explore some ways in which the field of experimental pragmatics might shed light on the second question, by providing a set of methods that could investigate existing hypotheses about language change by developing falsifiable predictions to be evaluated in experimental settings. Moreover, these hypotheses can provide new research questions and data for experimentalists to work on, beyond the rather restricted set of questions that experimental pragmatics has confronted to date.
Is the knowledge of bat distribution in the Atlantic Rainforest sufficient? Comments about new findings and a case study in the Paraná State coastal area, Brazil
Authors: Varzinczak Luiz H. , Bernardi Itiberê Piaia , Passos Fernando C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to utilize data of recent studies of bats surveying in the Atlantic Rainforest to evaluate the degree of knowledge of bat distribution in this biome. Data of new records or range extension of species published between 2010 and 2013 were compared among Brazilian biomes. We also utilized a case study in the Paraná State coastal area, southern Brazil, which was considered of low priority for bat inventories but had new records reported recently. The Atlantic Rainforest showed the highest number of papers with new information about bat distribution in Brazil. The number of bat species for this biome reaches 117. In the past 10 years, 11 new records have been reported for the Paraná State coastal area, increasing the bat richness by 33%. Our findings suggest that we do not know sufficiently the bat distribution across the Atlantic Rainforest. In such a
Wolf diet in an agricultural landscape of north-eastern Turkey
Authors: Capitani Claudia , Chynoweth Mark , Kusak Josip , Çoban Emrah , Şekercioğlu Çağan H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this study, we investigated wolf feeding ecology in Kars province, north-eastern Turkey, by analysing 72 scat samples collected in spring 2013. Ongoing camera trap surveys suggest that large wild ungulates are exceptionally rare in the region. On the contrary, livestock is abundant. Accordingly, scats analysis revealed that livestock constituted most of the biomass intake for wolves, although small mammals were the most frequent prey items. Wild ungulates were occasional prey, and although wolves make use of the main village garbage dump as a food source, garbage remains were scarce in scat samples. Wolf dependence on anthropogenic resources, primarily livestock, generates human-wildlife conflicts in the study area. Uncontrolled carcass disposal seems to boost this wolf behaviour. Synanthropy enhances the probability of wolf-human encounters and thus increases the risk of direct persecution, vehicle collisions, and hybridisation with dogs. When livestock is not available, small mammals are an important alternative prey for wolves. This may increase interspecific competition, particularly with lynx, which is also lacking natural prey in the area. Our preliminary results contribute to wolf ecology and conservation in the Anatolian-Caucasian range, where further studies are urgently needed to generate baseline data.
An extended Prony’s interpolation scheme on an equispaced grid
Authors: Karalienė Dovile , Navickas Zenonas , Čiegis Raimondas , Ragulskis Minvydas 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
An interpolation scheme on an equispaced grid based on the concept of the minimal order of the
linear recurrent sequence is proposed in this paper. This interpolation scheme is exact when the number of nodes
corresponds to the order of the linear recurrent function. It is shown that it is still possible to construct a nearest
mimicking algebraic interpolant if the order of the linear recurrent function does not exist. The proposed interpolation
technique can be considered as the extension of the Prony method and can be useful for describing noisy and defected
signals.
Commuting Conditions of the k-th Cho operator with the structure Jacobi operator of real hypersurfaces in complex space forms
Authors: Panagiotidou Konstantina , Pérez Juan de Dios 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this paper three dimensional real hypersurfaces in non-flat complex space forms whose k-th Cho
operator with respect to the structure vector field ξ commutes with the structure Jacobi operator are classified.
Furthermore, it is proved that the only three dimensional real hypersurfaces in non-flat complex space forms, whose
k-th Cho operator with respect to any vector field X orthogonal to structure vector field commutes with the structure
Jacobi operator, are the ruled ones. Finally, results concerning real hypersurfaces in complex hyperbolic space
satisfying the above conditions are also provided.
The Moroccan Crisis of 1905–1906: An Analytic Narrative
Authors: Zagare Frank C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper interprets the Moroccan crisis of 1905–1906 in the context of an incomplete information game model, the Tripartite Crisis game, and one of its proper subgames, the Defender-Protégé subgame. In the early stages of the crisis the action choices of the players were shown to be consistent with the players’ beliefs, but their beliefs were not tested. In the final phase, beliefs and action choices were brought into harmony. British support of France during the conference that ended the crisis, the firm stand that France took at the conference, and the German decision to press for a conference is explained in terms of the model’s principal variables. The explanation derived from the model is not necessarily at odds with consensus historical interpretations of the Moroccan crisis. Nonetheless, it offers several advantages over standard, largely atheoretical or ad hoc descriptions. One clear advantage is the convenient framework the model provides for organizing information about the crisis around a common set of assumptions and concepts and for the clear way the most salient causal variables are highlighted. Another is the model’s ability to point to a logically consistent set of expectations about the connections between certain action choices and the beliefs that drive them. Finally, the model’s straightforward applicability to an important and complicated watershed event is suggestive of its potential generality.
Engineering of silver nanoparticle fabricated poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels for rapid catalytic reduction of nitrobenzene
Authors: Farooqi Zahoor H. , Naseem Khalida , Ijaz Aysha , Begum Robina 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Three different poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) [p(NIPAM-AA)] microgel samples were prepared using a precipitation polymerization method by varying the concentration of NIPAM and AA in aqueous medium. The microgels were used as microreactors to fabricate Ag nanoparticles (NPs) by in situ a reduction method. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopy were used to characterize the pure and hybrid microgels. The hybrid microgels with different AA content were used as catalysts for reduction of nitrobenzene (NB) into aniline. The progress of the reaction was monitored by a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The results show that the value of the apparent rate constant for catalytic reduction of NB decreases from 0.431 min-1 to 0.227 min-1 by increasing AA content from 3 mol% to 7 mol%, respectively. Decrease in apparent rate constant with increase of AA content can be attributed to an increase in hydrophilicity with increase of AA contents of the microgels. The increase in induction period with increase of AA contents indicates that diffusion of NB towards the catalytic surface becomes difficult due to an increase of hydrophilicity.
Design of a compact UWB antenna with a partial ground plane on epoxy woven glass material
Authors: Islam Md. Moinul , Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Faruque Mohammad Rashed Iqbal , Aldhaheri Rabah W. , Samsuzzaman Md. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
A compact ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is presented in this paper with a partial ground plane on epoxy woven glass material. The study is discussed to comprehend the effects of various design parameters with explicit parametric analyses. The overall antenna dimension is 0.22×0.26×0.016 λ. A prototype is made on epoxide woven glass fabric dielectric material of 1.6 mm thickness. The measured results point out that the reported antenna belongs to a wide bandwidth comprehending from 3 GHz to more than 11 GHz with VSWR<2. It has a peak gain of 5.52 dBi, where 3.98 dBi is the average gain. Nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns are observed within the operating frequency bands. A good term exists between simulation and measurement results, which lead the reported antenna to be an appropriate candidate for UWB applications.
Preparation of polyimide-graphite composite and evaluation of its friction behavior at elevated temperatures
Authors: Zhang Taoqi , Qiao Xueliang , Tan Fatang , Wang Wei , Lu Hongfei , Xiao Zunqi , Chen Jianguo 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this paper, polyimide-graphite (PG) composite was prepared and used as a solid lubricant at elevated temperatures. PG composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, and its thermal stability was evaluated based on thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analysis. The results show that in PG composite, there was some interaction between the graphite (GR) and the polyimide (PI) matrix. Consequently, the PG composite exhibited better thermal stability than PI. The friction behavior of the PG composite sliding against steel at elevated temperatures (300–600°C at an interval of 100°C) was evaluated with a ring-on-ring tribometer. It was found that the PG composite exhibited excellent friction-reducing ability and good load-carrying capacity in the temperature range of 300–600°C and applied loads of 300–700 N. Moreover, this excellent lubricating performance of the PG composite might be attributed to its good thermal stability as a result of the interaction between the GR and the PI matrix. Therefore, PG composite could be used as an excellent solid lubricant under the high-temperature conditions.
A distributed syntax for evaluative ‘only’ sentences
Authors: Hole Daniel 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
I claim in this article that several operators in different positions interact to yield the meaning of a nur
sentence in German which may receive an evaluative interpretation such as Paul aß nur Kekse ʻPaul only
ate cookies (and the speaker considers this little and/or bad)ʼ. The exclusive component of meaning comes from an
adverbial particle as in the standard account. For the evaluative component of meaning which is present in many nur
sentences, I assume an interplay of C/I domain evaluative categories and an operator in ad-focus position. Evidence for the interplay
of these operators comes from contexts in German and Dutch in which both the exclusive and the ad-focus operator are pronounced,
from topicalization and extraposition data, from subordinate clauses with an impoverished C domain, from a newspaper corpus search
and from a blocking effect induced by negation.
Elevated heart rate predicts β cell function in non-diabetic individuals: the RISC cohort
Authors: Bonnet Fabrice , Empana Jean-Philippe , Natali Andrea , Monti Lucilla , Golay Alain , Lalic Katarina , Dekker Jacqueline , Mari Andrea , Balkau Beverley , _ _ 
Published: June 2015

ContextElevated heart rate has been associated with insulin resistance and incident type 2 diabetes but its relationship with β-cell function is not known. Our aim was to investigate whether baseline heart rate is associated with β-cell function and hyperglycaemia.MethodsWe used the prospective RISC cohort with 1005 non-diabetic individuals who had an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline and after 3 years. Impaired glucose regulation was defined as a fasting plasma glucose ≥6.1 mmol/l or a 2-h plasma glucose ≥7.8 mmol/l. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the OGIS index and insulin secretion and β-cell glucose sensitivity at both baseline and 3 years.ResultsBaseline heart rate was positively related to both fasting (P<0.0001) and 2 h glucose levels (P=0.02) at year 3 and predicted the presence of impaired glucose regulation at year 3 in a logistic regression model adjusting for insulin sensitivity at inclusion (OR/10 beats per min: 1.31; 95% CI (1.07–1.61);P=0.01). Baseline heart rate was associated with lower insulin sensitivity (β=−0.11;P<.0001), a decrease in both β-cell glucose sensitivity (β=−0.11;P=0.003) and basal insulin secretion rate (β=−0.11;P=0.002) at 3 years in an adjusted multivariable regression model. Baseline heart rate predicted the 3-year decrease in β-cell glucose sensitivity (β=−0.10;P=0.007) and basal insulin secretion (β=−0.12;P=0.007).ConclusionsHeart rate predicts β-cell function and impaired glucose regulation at 3 years in non-diabetic individuals, independently of the level of insulin sensitivity. These findings suggest a possible effect of the sympathetic nervous system on β-cell dysfunction, which deserves further investigation.