bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience – Information – Image: A Historiography of Unfolding. Arab Cinema as Example
Authors: Marks Laura U. 
Published: November 2014

Why do certain images of history reach us, while others remain seemingly forgotten, in the infinite breadth of the past? Why do only certain events seem to matter? I suggest those experiences are not forgotten but enfolded. The contemporary politics of historiography can be conceptualized according to the relationship between Experience, Information, and Image; a triadic relationship I have proposed to understand the nature of the image in the information age. While Experience is infinite, the vast majority of experience lies latent. Few Images ever arise from it. In our age, those that do tend to be selected, or unfolded, by political and economic interests that deem them to be useful as Information. Nevertheless, anyone can unfold any aspect of Experience to become a public image, and artists (and others) do so in order to allow other aspects of Experience to circulate, before they enfold, back into the matrix of history. I will show an animated diagram that illustrates this concept of history as a flow of unfolding and enfolding, influenced by concepts from Charles Sanders Peirce and Gilles Deleuze. Many artworks can be illuminated by this process. My examples will be drawn from contemporary Arab cinema. In the heavily politicized Arab milieu, the Image world is constructed as a selective unfolding of only those aspects of Experience that are deemed to be useful or profitable. Some Arab filmmakers, rather than deconstruct the resulting ideological images, prefer to carry out their own unfoldings: explicating hitherto latent events, knowledges, and sensations. Thus what official history deems merely personal, absurd, micro-events, or no events at all, becomes the stuff of a rich alternative historiography. This process characterizes the work of, among others, Joana Hadjithomas and Khalil Joreige, Nisrine Khodr, Mohammed Soueid, and Akram Zaatari (Lebanon), Azza El-Hassan, Elia Suleiman, and Sobhi Al-Zobaidi (Palestine), and Mohamad Khan (Egypt).
Moving Encounters
Authors: Deslandes Ann 
Published: November 2014

This essay explores my experience of losing an authoritative speaking position – that is, ‘falling on my face’ in a research encounter with the Brazilian Landless Worker’s Movement (O Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais sem Terra, or MST). My specific movements through this locale invoke Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s concept of ‘unlearning one’s privilege as a loss’; and Sara Ahmed’s theory of ‘stranger fetishism’. In writing my brief loss, I also; of course, recover my speaking position, meaning that I can always efface the loss by re-writing it as a source of ethnographic authority. This essay is written in two voices in order to reflect this paradox: one which describes the encounter, and one that critically ruminates upon it. I note, for example, that the MST as a variegated conglomerate of people takes the form of particular ‘Others’ when they are represented in the scholarship and polemic of ‘first world’ activists in the so called ‘global justice movement’. ‘Falling on my face in the street’ of these Others locates particular processes of fetishization within the global justice movement and the relationships across power and difference that are contained herein; processes that impact on the idea of a ‘global’ solidarity against systemic ‘global’ oppressions.
There is Nothing that Identifies me to that Place’: Indigenous Women’s Perceptions of Health Spaces and Places
Authors: Fredericks Bronwyn 
Published: November 2014

Indigenous women are more likely to suffer from poor health than non-Indigenous women, usually with one long term condition or several chronic diseases at once. High psychological distress, asthma, eye problems, diabetes and heart disease are common and we are ten times more likely than non-Indigenous women to have kidney disease. Our life expectancy is sixty-three years compared to non-Indigenous women’s mortality rate of eighty-three years. The delivery of inclusive health services is thus an important part of improving our life chances. However, even when such services are provided Indigenous women are reluctant to use them. In this article I discuss some of the impediments to the use of such services by considering how Indigenous women configure space and place in their everyday encounters within a health provision context.
Fig: ure it Out: A Creative Psychoanalysis
Authors: Murphy Neil 
Published: November 2014

Sigmund Freud’s contribution to the field of psychology was significant, not because it was flawless but because it challenged conventional views of the time. In the modern era, an individual’s view of the world is constantly being challenged due, in large part, to insurmountable information made available for public consumption. It’s an unrelenting bombardment of input that has made prominent the rift between facts and beliefs. This inquisitive article is an exploration of that conflict. By applying Freudian psychology to one of the most confrontational and debatable topics of the 21st century—the environment—Fig: ure It Out reviews our environmental problems from one psychological perspective. Do we define truths by facts or by the way in which we cope with new information? It’s an example of human behaviour within a changing world.
Embryo Disposition and the New Death Scene
Authors: Ellison David , Karpin Isabel 
Published: November 2014

In the IVF clinic - a place designed principally for the production and implantation of embryos - scientists and IVF recipients are faced with decisions regarding the disposition of frozen embryos. At this time there are hundred of thousands of cryopreserved embryos awaiting such determinations. They may be thawed for transfer to the woman herself, they may be donated for research or for use by other infertile couples, they may remain in frozen storage, or they may variously be discarded by being allowed to 'succumb', or 'perish'. Where the choice is discard, some IVF clients have chosen to formalise the process through ceremony. A new language is emerging in response to the desires of the would-be-parents who might wish to characterise the discard experience as a ‘good death’. This article examines the procedure known as ‘compassionate transfer’ where the embryo to be discarded is placed in the woman’s vagina where it is clear that it will not develop further. An alternate method has the embryo transferred in the usual manner but without the benefit of fertility-enhancing hormones at a point in the cycle unreceptive to implantation. The embryo destined for disposal is thus removed from the realm of technological possibility and ‘returned’ to the female body for a homely death. While debates continue about whether or not embryos constitute life, new practices are developing in response to the emotional experience of embryo discard. We argue that compassionate transfer is a death scene taking shape. In this article, we take the measure of this new death scene’s fabrication, and consider the form, significance, and legal complexity of its ceremonies.
Ten Canoes and the Ethnographic Photographs of Donald Thomson: ‘Animate Thought’ and ‘the Light of the World’
Authors: Rutherford Anne 
Published: November 2014

This article explores the genesis of the film Ten Canoes in the photographs taken by anthropologist Donald Thomson, in Arnhem Land, in the 1930s. Thomson’s images profoundly informed the look and content of the film, and the paper traces this genealogy in order to identify a ‘cultural imaginary’ at work in the film. I argue that a close study of Thomson’s original photographs reveals an approach to photography and to culture that dramatically exceeds the boundaries of the detached anthropological/scientific gaze. Thomson’s vision is a highly tactile one. His images are as much an encounter with the light of the world as they are a document of a time, an environment and a culture; his lens is as much an organ of touch as an instrument of observation. In a remarkable example of what Tim Ingold has called ‘animate thought’, Thomson uses the materiality of photography to make manifest a life-world in which reeds, water and sky are as animate as human figures. Not easily accessible to established criteria for analysing ethnographic images, such as questions of self-reflexivity, Thomson’s polycentric images profoundly challenge the humanist assumptions of many contemporary approaches to reading images. This insight raises new questions about both ethnographic photography and the relationship between the photographs and Ten Canoes.
Transmateriality: Toward an Energetics of Signal in Contemporary Mediatic Assemblages
Authors: Munster Anna 
Published: November 2014

This article focuses on signal as an aspect of modern technicity that precedes—or supersedes—codification. Examining DIY drone videos found on YouTube and the video art of Nam June Paik, among other sources, the article explores how each tests the flow of signal and signal processing as forms of transmateriality and transduction. the author draws particularly on the work of Gilbert Simondon and Adrian Mackenzie.
Narrative Hunger: GIS Mapping, Google Street View and the Colonial Prospectus
Authors: Gibson Ross 
Published: November 2014

There are millions of maps like the one Wislawa Szymborska describes. But in this essay I’ll be looking at another kind: geographical information systems, which do get stirred when people engage with them. Arrayed on screens, the surfaces of these interactive maps are designed to get unsettled. There’s electricity and constant data-accrual agitating them, letting them change with context and consultation. They are still accounts of space, these new kinds of maps, but they do not stay still. They alter from moment to moment, tracking time, showing -- albeit mainly at the somewhat occluded level of metadata -- a record of everyone who visits them, who gets folded into them.
Big Data, Small Media
Authors: Bollmer Grant 
Published: November 2014

A review ofAndrew DubberRadio in the Digital AgePolity, Cambridge, 2013 Charles EssDigital Media Ethics, Second EditionPolity, Cambridge, 2014 Graeme KirkpatrickComputer Games and the Social ImaginaryPolity, Cambridge, 2013 Dhiraj MurthyTwitter: Social Communication in the Twitter AgePolity, Cambrige, 2013 Jill Walker RettbergBlogging, Second EditionPolity, Cambridge, 2014
NANOMATRIX STRUCTURE FORMED BY GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE ONTO FRESH NATURAL RUBBER
Authors: Fukuhara L. , Kado N. , Thuong N. T. , Loykulant S. , Suchiva K. , Kosugi K. , Yamamoto Y. , Ishii H. , Kawahara S. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Fresh NR was adopted to prepare rubber with a nanomatrix structure. The nanomatrix structure was formed by graft-copolymerization of styrene onto deproteinized fresh NR (fresh DPNR) in the latex stage using tert-butyl hydroperoxide/tetraethylenepentamine as an initiator. Graft-copolymer consisting of fresh DPNR and polystyrene (fresh DPNR-graft-PS) was characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Under a suitable condition of the graft-copolymerization, conversion and grafting efficiency of styrene was 98 and 80 mol%, respectively. Morphology of fresh DPNR-graft-PS was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The rubber particles of about 1 μm in diameter were found to be dispersed in polystyrene matrix of 10–30 nm in thickness. Tensile properties of fresh DPNR were dramatically improved by forming the nanomatrix structure, compared with DPNR.
Theoretical Calculations of Mechanical, Electronic, and Chemical Bonding in CaN2, SrN2, and BaN2
Authors: Zhang Li-Qin , Cheng Yan , Niu Zhen-Wei , Piao Chang-Ge , Ji Guang-Fu 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We present a first-principles density functional theory-based study about the impact of pressure on the structural and elastic properties of bulk CaN2, SrN2, and BaN2. Non-spin and spin polarized calculations indicate that the non-spin polarized ground state was more favourable with magnetic moments of 1.049 μB, 1.059 μB, and 1.014 μB for CaN2, SrN2, and BaN2, respectively, and these were in good agreement with previous experimental and theoretical data. The high bulk modulus of CaN2, SrN2, and BaN2 confirm that those compounds have low compressibility and high hardness. The obtained bulk modulus, N-N bond length, and optimized structure parameters are similar to those from previous studies.With an increase in applied pressure the independent elastic constants of CaN2, SrN2, and BaN2 indicated the presence of mechanical instability at 20, 15, and 10 GPa, which is possibly related to phase transitions in addition to a decrease in N-N bond length.
Modeling the spreading of glacial meltwater from the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas
Authors: Nakayama Y. , Timmermann R. , Rodehacke C. B. , Schröder M. , Hellmer H. H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIt has been suggested that an increased melting of continental ice in the Amundsen Sea (AS) and Bellingshausen Sea (BS) is a likely source of the observed freshening of Ross Sea (RS) water. To test this hypothesis, we simulate the spreading of glacial meltwater using the Finite Element Sea Ice/Ice Shelf/Ocean Model. Based on the spatial distribution of simulated passive tracers, most of the basal meltwater from AS ice shelves flows toward the RS with more than half of the melt originating from the Getz Ice Shelf. Further, the model results show that a slight increase of the basal mass loss can substantially intensify the transport of meltwater into the RS due to a strengthening of the melt‐driven shelf circulation and the westward flowing coastal current. This supports the idea that the basal melting of AS and BS ice shelves is one of the main sources for the RS freshening.
Counteracting the climate effects of volcanic eruptions using short‐lived greenhouse gases
Authors: Fuglestvedt Jan S. , Samset Bjørn H. , Shine Keith P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA large volcanic eruption might constitute a climate emergency, significantly altering global temperature and precipitation for several years. Major future eruptions will occur, but their size or timing cannot be predicted. We show, for the first time, that it may be possible to counteract these climate effects through deliberate emissions of short‐lived greenhouse gases, dampening the abrupt impact of an eruption. We estimate an emission pathway countering a hypothetical eruption 3 times the size of Mount Pinatubo in 1991. We use a global climate model to evaluate global and regional responses to the eruption, with and without counteremissions. We then raise practical, financial, and ethical questions related to such a strategy. Unlike the more commonly discussed geoengineering to mitigate warming from long‐lived greenhouse gases, designed emissions to counter temporary cooling would not have the disadvantage of needing to be sustained over long periods. Nevertheless, implementation would still face significant challenges.
A low‐frequency near‐field interferometric‐TOA 3‐D Lightning Mapping Array
Authors: Lyu Fanchao , Cummer Steven A. , Solanki Rahulkumar , Weinert Joel , McTague Lindsay , Katko Alex , Barrett John , Zigoneanu Lucian , Xie Yangbo , Wang Wenqi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe report on the development of an easily deployable LF near‐field interferometric‐time of arrival (TOA) 3‐D Lightning Mapping Array applied to imaging of entire lightning flashes. An interferometric cross‐correlation technique is applied in our system to compute windowed two‐sensor time differences with submicrosecond time resolution before TOA is used for source location. Compared to previously reported LF lightning location systems, our system captures many more LF sources. This is due mainly to the improved mapping of continuous lightning processes by using this type of hybrid interferometry/TOA processing method. We show with five station measurements that the array detects and maps different lightning processes, such as stepped and dart leaders, during both in‐cloud and cloud‐to‐ground flashes. Lightning images mapped by our LF system are remarkably similar to those created by VHF mapping systems, which may suggest some special links between LF and VHF emission during lightning processes.
Black carbon radiative forcing over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: He Cenlin , Li Qinbin , Liou Kuo‐Nan , Takano Yoshi , Gu Yu , Qi Ling , Mao Yuhao , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe estimate the snow albedo forcing and direct radiative forcing (DRF) of black carbon (BC) in the Tibetan Plateau using a global chemical transport model in conjunction with a stochastic snow model and a radiative transfer model. The annual mean BC snow albedo forcing is 2.9 W m−2 averaged over snow‐covered plateau regions, which is a factor of 3 larger than the value over global land snowpack. BC‐snow internal mixing increases the albedo forcing by 40–60% compared with external mixing, and coated BC increases the forcing by 30–50% compared with uncoated BC aggregates, whereas Koch snowflakes reduce the forcing by 20–40% relative to spherical snow grains. The annual BC DRF at the top of the atmosphere is 2.3 W m−2 with uncertainties of −70–85% in the plateau after scaling the modeled BC absorption optical depth to Aerosol Robotic Network observations. The BC forcings are attributed to emissions from different regions.
The source altitude, electric current, and intrinsic brightness of terrestrial gamma ray flashes
Authors: Cummer Steven A. , Briggs Michael S. , Dwyer Joseph R. , Xiong Shaolin , Connaughton Valerie , Fishman Gerald J. , Lu Gaopeng , Lyu Fanchao , Solanki Rahulkumar 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMany details of how thunderstorms generate terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) and other forms of high‐energy radiation remain uncertain, including the basic question of where they are produced. We exploit the association of distinct low‐frequency radio emissions with generation of terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) to directly measure for the first time the TGF source altitude. Analysis of two events reveals source altitudes of 11.8 ± 0.4 km and 11.9 ± 0.9 km. This places the source region in the interior of the thunderstorm between the two main charge layers and implies an intrinsic TGF brightness of approximately 1018 runaway electrons. The electric current in this nontraditional lightning process is found to be strong enough to drive nonlinear effects in the ionosphere, and in one case is comparable to the highest peak current lightning processes on the planet.
Adaptive nonsingular terminal sliding mode control of MEMS gyroscope based on backstepping design
Authors: Fei Juntao , Yan Weifeng , Yang Yuzheng 
Published: November 2014

SummaryAn adaptive nonsingular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) tracking control scheme based on backstepping design is presented for micro‐electro‐mechanical systems (MEMS) vibratory gyroscopes in this paper. The NTSM controller is designed based on backstepping strategy to eliminate the singularity, while ensuring the control system to reach the sliding surface and converge to equilibrium point in a finite period of time from any initial state. In addition, the proposed approach develops an online identifier scheme, which can real‐time estimate the angular velocity and the damping and stiffness coefficients. All adaptive laws in the control system are derived in the same Lyapunov framework, which can guarantee the globally asymptotical stability of the closed‐loop system. Numerical simulations for a MEMS gyroscope are investigated to demonstrate the validity of the proposed control approaches. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron‐Driven Self‐Assembly of Salt Nanocrystals in Liquid Helium
Authors: Daxner Matthias , Denifl Stephan , Scheier Paul , Ellis Andrew M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe self‐assembly of salt nanocrystals from chemical reactions inside liquid helium is reported for the first time. Reaction is initiated by an electron impacting a helium nanodroplet containing sodium atoms and SF6 molecules, leading to preferential production of energetically favorable structures based on the unit cell of crystalline NaF. These favorable structures are observed as magic number ions (anomalously intense peaks) in mass spectra and are seen in both cationic and anionic channels in mass spectra, for example, (NaF)nNa+ and (NaF)nF−. In the case of anions the self‐assembly is not directly initiated by electrons: the dominant process involves resonant electron‐induced production of metastable electronically excited He− anions, which then initiate anionic chemistry by electron transfer.
Determination of a temporally and spatially resolved supernova rate from OB stars within 5 kpc
Authors: Schmidt J. G. , Hohle M. M. , Neuhäuser R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe spatially and temporally resolve the future Supernova (SN) rate in the Solar vicinity and the whole Galaxy by comparing observational parameters of massive stars with theoretical models for estimating age and mass and, hence, the remaining lifetime until the SN explosion. Our SN rate derived in time and space for the future (few Myr) should be the same as in the last few Myr by assuming a constant rate. From BVRIJHK photometry, parallax, spectral type, and luminosity class we compile a Hertzsprung‐Russell diagram (HRD) for 25027 massive stars and derive extinction, and luminosity, then mass, age, and remaining lifetime from evolutionary models. Within 600 pc our sample of SN progenitors and, hence, SN prediction, is complete, and all future SN events of our sample stars take place in 8 % of the area of the sky, whereas 90 % of the events take place in 7 % of the area of the sky. The current SN rate within 600 pc is increased by a factor of 5–6 compared with the Galactic rate. For a distance of 5 kpc our sample is incomplete, nevertheless 90 % of those SN events take place in only 12 % of the area of the projected sky. If the SN rate in the near future is the same as the recent past, there should be unknown young neutron stars concentrated in those areas. Our distribution can be used as input for constraints of gravitational waves detection and for neutron star searches. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of Er3+ concentration on the photoluminescence characteristics and excitation mechanism of Gd2O3:Er3+ phosphor synthesized via a solid‐state reaction method
Authors: Tamrakar R. K. , Bisen D. P. , Bramhe N. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn Er3+‐doped phosphor of Gd2O3 (Gd2O3:Er3+) was prepared using a conventional solid‐state reaction method. The structure and particle size were determined from X‐ray powder diffraction measurements. The average particle size of the phosphor was in between 20 and 50 nm. The particle size and structure of the phosphor were further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Luminescence spectra were recorded under excitation wavelengths of 275, 380, 515 and 980 nm. The visible upconversion and downconversion luminescence spectra of the Gd2O3:Er3+ phosphor were investigated as a function of Er3+ ion concentration. The upconverted emission at 980 nm excitation shows enhanced red emission with respect to green emission as the dopant concentration increased. Similar results were observed for downconversion emission under 275 and 380 nm excitation wavelengths. The mechanisms responsible for populating the 4S3/2 and 4 F9/2 levels, for green and red emissions, respectively, are different for different excitations and for different concentrations of Er3+. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.