bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour with physical function among older women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lu Yanyu , Li Qingqian , Wang Wenbo , Du Litao , He Qiang , Chen Si , Zhang Xianliang , Pan Yang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with physical function (PF) among older Chinese women in the community.

Methods
The present study comprised 1,113 community-dwelling older females, with an average age of 65 ± 2 years. We employed a linear regression analysis to investigate the relationship between patterns of PA and SB with PF. PA variables consisted of total PA time, bouted PA time (a continuous PA that lasts equal to or more than 10 min), and sporadic PA time (a continuous PA that lasts less than 10 min). SB variables included total SB time, 30-min bout of SB (a continuous SB that lasts equal to or more than 30 min), and 60-min bout of SB (a continuous SB that lasts equal to or more than 60 min). PF variables comprised handgrip strength (HGS), one-legged stance test with eyes closed (OLSTEC), usual walking speed (UWS), maximum walking speed (MWS) and chair-stand time (CT). To explore the joint effects of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) and SB on PF, we divided the duration of SB and MVPA participation in older women into different combinations: low MVPA & high SB, low MVPA & low SB, high MVPA & high SB, high MVPA & low SB.

Results
The study revealed a significant association between 30-min bout of SB and CT, which remained after adjusting for total MVPA time (P = 0.021). Both total MVPA and bouted MVPA were found to be positively associated with better UWS, MWS, CT, and PF Z-score. When the combination of low MVPA & high SB was used as a reference, the regression coefficients for PF ascended by 1.32 (P < 0.001) in the high MVPA & high SB group and by 1.13 (P < 0.001) in the high MVPA & low SB group.

Conclusions
A significant association was observed between poorer lower limb function and prolonged, uninterrupted SB in older women, rather than with the total SB time. Concurrently, the insufficient engagement in MVPA may also be a crucial factor contributing to poorer PF in older women. Engaging in longer durations and higher intensity of PA, such as bouts of MVPA lasting a minimum of 10 min or longer, may contribute to better PF.
Who gets treated for an eating disorder? Implications for inference based on clinical populations
Authors: Field Alison E. , Ziobrowski Hannah N. , Eddy Kamryn T. , Sonneville Kendrin R. , Richmond Tracy K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The minority of people with an eating disorder receive treatment. Little is known about predictors of receiving treatment.

Methods
Using data from the Growing Up Today Study we identified correlates of receiving treatment for an eating disorder among the 1237 U.S. women who answered questions on treatment history in 2013 and reported meeting criteria for subthreshold eating disorder in ≥ 1 year between 1996 and 2013. Logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the relative odds of receiving treatment.

Results
Approximately 11% of the women reported receiving treatment for an eating disorder. Independent of type of eating disorder, those who had received a diagnosis of depression or anxiety were more likely (odds ratio (OR) = 3.05 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.87–4.97) to receive treatment for an eating disorder. Women with obesity were approximately 85% less likely to receive treatment (OR = 0.13, 95% CI 0.04–0.46) regardless of their type of eating disorder or history of depression of anxiety diagnosis.

Conclusions
Most women meeting criteria for an eating disorder do not receive treatment. Women with BED or obesity are the least likely to receive treatment.
Webcam technology on neonatal wards—examining the objective and subjective workload of nurses: a combined observational and survey study
Authors: Müller Helena Sophie , Becker-Peth Michael , Kuntz Ludwig ,   Neo-CamCare, Scholten Nadine , Müller Andreas , Dresbach Till , Hellmich Martin , Samel Christina , Woopen Christiane , Jannes Christiane , Kuntz Ludwig , Spiecker gen Döhmann Indra , Bretthauer Sebastian , Horenkamp-Sonntag Dirk , Wobbe-Ribinski Stefanie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
This study was conducted to estimate the additional objective and perceived workload of nurses resulting from the use of webcams. The successful implementation of webcam technology into routine care requires an analysis to prevent adverse events of increased nursing workload.

Methods
The study took place on three neonatal wards in two University Hospitals in Germany. In the first Hospital, the study was conducted from February to July 2021; in the second one it was conducted between June and November 2021. Data were collected using a combined approach of a standardised diary questionnaire study and passive observations. The participants were accompanied in their daily work and their activities were recorded 65 nurses participated.

Results
2,031 h were observed in 1,630 observation blocks. In 14.74% of the observation blocks webcam activities were detected. The extent to which the nurses had webcam-related additional workloads was rated as no additional workload in 82.16% of the daily questionnaires (n = 1,026).

Conclusion
The observed low workload due to the webcams is in line with the nurses’ perception. The observational data revealed, on a number of different analysis levels, that a limited additional workload was generated. There was no decrease in activity performance observed and no clear indication for interruptions due to the webcam-related activities for the nurses. However, it is important to raise awareness about the individual workload levels for the successful implementation. Additional education programs can be provided for nurses.

Trial registration
The Neo-CamCare study is registered at the German Clinical Trials Register. DRKS-ID: DRKS00017755.
Benzodiazepine use in relation to long-term dementia risk and imaging markers of neurodegeneration: a population-based study
Authors: Hofe Ilse vom , Stricker Bruno H. , Vernooij Meike W. , Ikram M. Kamran , Ikram M. Arfan , Wolters Frank J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Benzodiazepine use is common, particularly in older adults. Benzodiazepines have well-established acute adverse effects on cognition, but long-term effects on neurodegeneration and dementia risk remain uncertain.

Methods
We included 5443 cognitively healthy (MMSE ≥ 26) participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study (57.4% women, mean age 70.6 years). Benzodiazepine use from 1991 until baseline (2005–2008) was derived from pharmacy dispensing records, from which we determined drug type and cumulative dose. Benzodiazepine use was defined as prescription of anxiolytics (ATC-code: N05BA) or sedative-hypnotics (ATC-code: N05CD) between inception of pharmacy records and study baseline. Cumulative dose was calculated as the sum of the defined daily doses for all prescriptions. We determined the association with dementia risk until 2020 using Cox regression. Among 4836 participants with repeated brain MRI, we further determined the association of benzodiazepine use with changes in neuroimaging markers using linear mixed models.

Results
Of all 5443 participants, 2697 (49.5%) had used benzodiazepines at any time in the 15 years preceding baseline, of whom 1263 (46.8%) used anxiolytics, 530 (19.7%) sedative-hypnotics, and 904 (33.5%) used both; 345 (12.8%) participants were still using at baseline assessment. During a mean follow-up of 11.2 years, 726 participants (13.3%) developed dementia. Overall, use of benzodiazepines was not associated with dementia risk compared to never use (HR [95% CI]: 1.06 [0.90–1.25]), irrespective of cumulative dose. Risk estimates were somewhat higher for any use of anxiolytics than for sedative-hypnotics (HR 1.17 [0.96–1.41] vs 0.92 [0.70–1.21]), with strongest associations for high cumulative dose of anxiolytics (HR [95% CI] 1.33 [1.04–1.71]). In imaging analyses, current use of benzodiazepine was associated cross-sectionally with lower brain volumes of the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus and longitudinally with accelerated volume loss of the hippocampus and to a lesser extent amygdala. However, imaging findings did not differ by type of benzodiazepines or cumulative dose.

Conclusions
In this population-based sample of cognitively healthy adults, overall use of benzodiazepines was not associated with increased dementia risk, but potential class-dependent adverse effects and associations with subclinical markers of neurodegeneration may warrant further investigation.
Acceptability of data linkage to identify women at risk of postnatal complication for the development of digital risk prediction tools and interventions to better optimise postnatal care, a qualitative descriptive study design
Authors: O’Connor Siobhán , Tilston George , Jones Olivia , Sharma Anita , Ormesher Laura , Quinn Bradley , Wilson Anthony , Myers Jenny , Peek Niels , Palin Victoria 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Pregnancy acts as a cardiovascular stress test. Although many complications resolve following birth, women with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) long-term. Monitoring postnatal health can reduce this risk but requires better methods to identity high-risk women for timely interventions.

Methods
Employing a qualitative descriptive study design, focus groups and/or interviews were conducted, separately engaging public contributors and clinical professionals. Diverse participants were recruited through social media convenience sampling. Semi-structured, facilitator-led discussions explored perspectives of current postnatal assessment and attitudes towards linking patient electronic healthcare data to develop digital tools for identifying postpartum women at risk of CVD. Participant perspectives were gathered using post-it notes or a facilitator scribe and analysed thematically.

Results
From 27 public and seven clinical contributors, five themes regarding postnatal check expectations versus reality were developed, including ‘limited resources’, ‘low maternal health priority’, ‘lack of knowledge’, ‘ineffective systems’ and ‘new mum syndrome’. Despite some concerns, all supported data linkage to identify women postnatally, targeting intervention to those at greater risk of CVD. Participants outlined potential benefits of digitalisation and risk prediction, highlighting design and communication needs for diverse communities.

Conclusions
Current health system constraints in England contribute to suboptimal postnatal care. Integrating data linkage and improving education on data and digital tools for maternal healthcare shows promise for enhanced monitoring and improved future health. Recognised for streamlining processes and risk prediction, digital tools may enable more person-centred care plans, addressing the gaps in current postnatal care practice.
Optimization, gene cloning, expression, and molecular docking insights for enhanced cellulase enzyme production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain elh1
Authors: El-Khamisi Elham F. , Soliman Effat A. M. , El-Sayed Ghada M. , Nour Shaimaa A. , Abdel-Monem Mohamed O. , Hassan Mervat G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
In this study, we isolated a cellulase-producing bacterium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain elh, from rice peel. We employed two optimization methods to enhance the yield of cellulase. Firstly, we utilized a one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) approach to evaluate the impact of individual physical and chemical parameters. Subsequently, we employed response surface methodology (RSM) to investigate the interactions among these factors. We heterologously expressed the cellulase encoding gene using a cloning vectorin E. coli DH5α. Moreover, we conducted in silico molecular docking analysis to analyze the interaction between cellulase and carboxymethyl cellulose as a substrate.

Results
The bacterial isolate eh1 exhibited an initial cellulase activity of 0.141 ± 0.077 U/ml when cultured in a specific medium, namely Basic Liquid Media (BLM), with rice peel as a substrate. This strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain elh1 through 16S rRNA sequencing, assigned the accession number OR920278 in GenBank. The optimal incubation time was found to be 72 h of fermentation. Urea was identified as the most suitable nitrogen source, and dextrose as the optimal sugar, resulting in a production increase to 5.04 ± 0.120 U/ml. The peak activity of cellulase reached 14.04 ± 0.42 U/ml utilizing statistical optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). This process comprised an initial screening utilizing the Plackett–Burman design and further refinement employing the BOX -Behnken Design. The gene responsible for cellulase production, egl, was effectively cloned and expressed in E. coli DH5α. The transformed cells exhibited a cellulase activity of 22.3 ± 0.24 U/ml. The egl gene sequence was deposited in GenBank with the accession number PP194445. In silico molecular docking revealed that the two hydroxyl groups of carboxymethyl cellulose bind to the residues of Glu169 inside the binding pocket of the CMCase. This interaction forms two hydrogen bonds, with an affinity score of −5.71.

Conclusions
Optimization of cultural conditions significantly enhances the yield of cellulase enzyme when compared to unoptimized culturing conditions. Additionally, heterologous expression of egl gene showed that the recombinant form of the cellulase is active and that a valid expression system can contribute to a better yield of the enzyme.
Insights into the structural and functional activities of forgotten Kinases: PCTAIREs CDKs
Authors: Karimbayli Javad , Pellarin Ilenia , Belletti Barbara , Baldassarre Gustavo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn cells, signal transduction heavily relies on the intricate regulation of protein kinases, which provide the fundamental framework for modulating most signaling pathways. Dysregulation of kinase activity has been implicated in numerous pathological conditions, particularly in cancer. The druggable nature of most kinases positions them into a focal point during the process of drug development. However, a significant challenge persists, as the role and biological function of nearly one third of human kinases remains largely unknown.Within this diverse landscape, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) emerge as an intriguing molecular subgroup. In human, this kinase family encompasses 21 members, involved in several key biological processes. Remarkably, 13 of these CDKs belong to the category of understudied kinases, and only 5 having undergone broad investigation to date. This knowledge gap underscores the pressing need to delve into the study of these kinases, starting with a comprehensive review of the less-explored ones.Here, we will focus on the PCTAIRE subfamily of CDKs, which includes CDK16, CDK17, and CDK18, arguably among the most understudied CDKs members. To contextualize PCTAIREs within the spectrum of human pathophysiology, we conducted an exhaustive review of the existing literature and examined available databases. This approach resulted in an articulate depiction of these PCTAIREs, encompassing their expression patterns, 3D configurations, mechanisms of activation, and potential functions in normal tissues and in cancer.We propose that this effort offers the possibility of identifying promising areas of future research that extend from basic research to potential clinical and therapeutic applications.
Nanobody peptide conjugate: a novel CD163 based broad neutralizing strategy against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Authors: Yang Haotian , Sun Meiqi , Qiu He , Xu Huiling , Deng Zhuofan , Gu Han , Wang Nan , Du Liuyang , Shi Fushan , Zhou Jiyong , He Fang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a prevalent swine pathogen, which has caused adverse impact on the global swine industry for almost 30 years. However, due to the immune suppression caused by the virus and the genetic diversity in PRRSV, no virus-targeting broad neutralizing strategy has been successfully developed yet. Antiviral peptide and nanobody have attracted extensive attention with the ease in production and the efficacy in practice. In this study, four new fusion proteins named nanobody peptide conjugates (NPCs) were developed by combining PRRSV specific non-neutralizing nanobodies with CD163-derived peptides targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) of PRRSV proteins.

Results
Four NPCs were successfully constructed using two nanobodies against PRRSV N and nsp9 individually, recombining with two antiviral peptides 4H7 or 8H2 from porcine CD163 respectively. All four NPCs demonstrated specific capability of binding to PRRSV and broad inhibitory effect against various lineages of PRRSV in a dose-dependent manner. NPCs interfere with the binding of the RBD of PRRSV proteins to CD163 in the PRRSV pre-attachment stage by CD163 epitope peptides in the assistance of Nb components. NPCs also suppress viral replication during the stage of post-attachment, and the inhibitory effects depend on the antiviral functions of Nb parts in NPCs, including the interference in long viral RNA synthesis, NF-κB and IFN-β activation. Moreover, an interaction was predicted between aa K31 and T32 sites of neutralizing domain 4H7 of NPC-N/nsp9-4H7 and the motif 171NLRLTG176 of PRRSV GP2a. The motif 28SSS30 of neutralizing domain 8H2 of NPC-N/nsp9-8H2 could also form hydrogens to bind with the motif 152NAFLP156 of PRRSV GP3. The study provides valuable insights into the structural characteristics and potential functional implications of the RBD of PRRSV proteins. Finally, as indicated in a mouse model, NPC intranasally inoculated in vivo for 12–24 h sustains the significant neutralizing activity against PRRSV. These findings inspire the potential of NPC as a preventive measure to reduce the transmission risk in the host population against respiratory infectious agents like PRRSV.

Conclusion
The aim of the current study was to develop a peptide based bioactive compound to neutralize various PRRSV strains. The new antiviral NPC (nanobody peptide conjugate) consists of a specific nanobody targeting the viral protein and a neutralizing CD163 epitope peptide for virus blocking and provides significant antiviral activity. The study will greatly promote the antiviral drug R&D against PRRSV and enlighten a new strategy against other viral diseases.

Graphical abstract image
Zno nanoparticles: improving photosynthesis, shoot development, and phyllosphere microbiome composition in tea plants
Authors: Chen Hao , Song Yujie , Wang Yu , Wang Huan , Ding Zhaotang , Fan Kai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Nanotechnology holds revolutionary potential in the field of agriculture, with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) demonstrating advantages in promoting crop growth. Enhanced photosynthetic efficiency is closely linked to improved vigor and superior quality in tea plants, complemented by the beneficial role of phyllosphere microorganisms in maintaining plant health. However, the effects of ZnO NPs on the photosynthesis of tea plants, the sprouting of new shoots, and the community of phyllosphere microorganisms have not been fully investigated.

Results
This study investigated the photosynthetic physiological parameters of tea plants under the influence of ZnO NPs, the content of key photosynthetic enzymes such as RubisCO, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, transcriptomic and extensive targeted metabolomic profiles of leaves and new shoots, mineral element composition in these tissues, and the epiphytic and endophytic microbial communities within the phyllosphere. The results indicated that ZnO NPs could enhance the photosynthesis of tea plants, upregulate the expression of some genes related to photosynthesis, increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products, promote the development of new shoots, and alter the content of various mineral elements in the leaves and new shoots of tea plants. Furthermore, the application of ZnO NPs was observed to favorably influence the microbial community structure within the phyllosphere of tea plants. This shift in microbial community dynamics suggests a potential for ZnO NPs to contribute to plant health and productivity by modulating the phyllosphere microbiome.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that ZnO NPs have a positive impact on the photosynthesis of tea plants, the sprouting of new shoots, and the community of phyllosphere microorganisms, which can improve the growth condition of tea plants. These findings provide new scientific evidence for the application of ZnO NPs in sustainable agricultural development and contribute to advancing research in nanobiotechnology aimed at enhancing crop yield and quality.

Graphical Abstract
Using digital technology to reduce drug-related harms: a targeted service users’ perspective of the Digital Lifelines Scotland programme
Authors: Strachan Graeme , Daneshvar Hadi , Carver Hannah , Greenhalgh Jessica , Matheson Catriona 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Deaths due to drug overdose are an international issue, causing an estimated 600,000 global deaths in 2019. Scotland has the highest rate of drug-related deaths in Europe, with those in the most deprived areas at greater risk than those in affluent areas. There is a paucity of research on digital solutions, particularly from the perspective of those who use drugs who additionally access harm reduction and homelessness support services. The Digital Lifelines Scotland programme (DLS) provides vulnerable people who use/d drugs with digital devices to connect with services.

Methods
This paper reports on the evaluation of the DLS from the perspective of service users who accessed services for those at risk of drug-related harms. A mixed methods approach was used including an online-survey (n = 19) and semi-structured interviews (n = 21). Survey data were analysed descriptively and interview data through inductive coding, informed by the Technology, People, Organisations and Macroenvironmental factors (TPOM) framework, to investigate the use, access, and availability of devices, and people’s experiences and perceptions of them.

Results
Most participants lived in social/council housing (63.2%, n = 12), many lived alone (68.4%, n = 13). They were mainly over 40 years old and lived in a city. Participants described a desire for data privacy, knowledge, and education, and placed a nascent social and personal value on digital devices. Participants pointed to the person-centred individuality of the service provision as one of the reasons to routinely engage with services. Service users experienced an increased sense of value and there was a palpable sense of community, connection and belonging developed through the programme, including interaction with services and devices.

Conclusions
This paper presents a unique perspective which documents the experiences of service users on the DLS. Participants illustrated a desire for life improvement and a collective and individual feeling of responsibility towards themselves and digital devices. Digital inclusion has the potential to provide avenues by which service users can safely and constructively access services and society to improve outcomes. This paper provides a foundation to further cultivate the insight of service users on digital solutions in this emerging area.