bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low expression of HLA‐DRA, HLA‐DPA1, and HLA‐DPB1 is associated with poor prognosis in pediatric adrenocortical tumors (ACT)
Authors: Leite Fabíola A. , Lira Regia C. P. , Fedatto Paola F. , Antonini Sonir R. R. , Martinelli Carlos E. , de Castro Margaret , Neder Luciano , Ramalho Leandra N. Z. , Tucci Silvio , Mastelaro Maria J. , Seidinger Ana L. , Cardinalli Izilda A. , Yunes José A. , Brandalise Silvia R. , Tone Luiz G. , Scrideli Carlos A. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundLow expression of HLA class II antigens has been associated with more aggressive disease in several human malignancies including adult adrenocortical tumors (ACT), but their clinical relevance in pediatric ACT needs to be investigated.ProcedureThis study analyzed the expression profile of three class II histocompatibility genes (HLA‐DRA, HLA‐DPA1, and HLA‐DPB1) in 58 consecutive pediatric ACT (13 adenomas and 45 carcinomas) by quantitative real time PCR and their association with clinical and biological features. HLA‐DPA1 protein level was determined by immunohistochemistry.ResultsA significant association (P < 0.01) was observed between lower expression levels of the three genes analyzed and poor prognostic factors such as age ≥4 years, tumor size ≥200 cm3, tumor weight ≥100 g, and metastatic disease; the presence of an unfavorable event and death. Underexpression of the HLA‐DRA, HLA‐DPA1, and HLA‐DPB1 genes were associated with lower 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) (P = 0.017, P < 0.001, and P = 0.017, respectively). Cox multivariate analysis showed that HLA‐DPA1 was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.029) when analyzed in association with stage IV, age and tumor size. Significantly lower EFS was also observed in patients with negative/weak immunostaining for HLA‐DPA1 (P = 0.002). Similar results were observed when only patients classified as having carcinomas were analyzed.ConclusionOur results suggest that lower expression of HLA‐DRA, HLA‐DPA1, and HLA‐DPB1 genes may contribute to more aggressive disease in pediatric ACT. HLA‐DPA1 immunostaining may represent potential aggressiveness marker in this tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1940–1948. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The graft‐versus‐neuroblastoma effect of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a review of clinical and experimental evidence and a perspective on mechanisms
Authors: Willems Leen , Waer Mark , Billiau An D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDespite aggressive treatment, patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma face high relapse rates and bleak prognoses. Increasing evidence that neuroblastoma cells are or can become immunogenic has stimulated research into novel therapies based on triggering or enhancing tumor immunity. Here we review clinical and experimental studies on this subject, the underlying immune mechanisms and perspectives for clinical application. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has proven to be of substantial benefit in the treatment of certain leukemias through the generation of a graft‐versus‐leukemia‐effect and has become of interest as a possible treatment for patients with solid tumors, including neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:2151–2157. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Advanced stage anaplastic large cell lymphoma in children and adolescents: Results of ANHL0131, a randomized phase III trial of APO versus a modified regimen with vinblastine: A report from the children's oncology group
Authors: Alexander Sarah , Kraveka Jacqueline M. , Weitzman Sheila , Lowe Eric , Smith Lynette , Lynch James C. , Chang Myron , Kinney Marsha C. , Perkins Sherrie L. , Laver Joseph , Gross Thomas G. , Weinstein Howard 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundOptimal therapy for children and adolescents with advanced stage anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is unknown. ANHL0131 examined whether a maintenance regimen including vinblastine compared to the standard APO (doxorubicin, prednisone, vincristine, methotrexate, 6‐mercaptopurine) regimen would result in superior event‐free survival.ProcedureOne hundred and twenty five eligible patients were enrolled. Induction was identical for both arms. Post induction patients were randomized to receive APO with vincristine every 3 weeks or a regimen that substituted vincristine with weekly vinblastine (APV).ResultsThere was no difference between the patients randomized to the APO versus APV arms in either event free survival (EFS) or overall survival (OS) (three year EFS 74% vs. 79%, P = 0.68 and three years OS of 84% vs. 86%, P = 0.87, respectively). Patients in the APV arm required dose reduction secondary to myelosuppression and had a higher incidence of neutropenia as well as infection with neutropenia compared to those in the APO arm (P < 0.001, P = 0.019, respectively).ConclusionsTreatment with weekly vinblastine instead of every three week vincristine as part of multi‐agent maintenance therapy did not result in improvement in EFS or OS. Weekly vinblastine was associated with increased toxicity. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00059839) Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:2236–2242. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recombinant expression, purification, and biophysical characterization of the transmembrane and membrane proximal domains of HIV‐1 gp41
Authors: Gong Zhen , Kessans Sarah A. , Song Lusheng , Dörner Katerina , Lee Ho‐Hsien , Meador Lydia R , LaBaer Joshua , Hogue Brenda G. , Mor Tsafrir S. , Fromme Petra 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe transmembrane subunit (gp41) of the envelope glycoprotein of HIV‐1 associates noncovalently with the surface subunit (gp120) and together they play essential roles in viral mucosal transmission and infection of target cells. The membrane proximal region (MPR) of gp41 is highly conserved and contains epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies. The transmembrane (TM) domain of gp41 not only anchors the envelope glycoprotein complex in the viral membrane but also dynamically affects the interactions of the MPR with the membrane. While high‐resolution X‐ray structures of some segments of the MPR were solved in the past, they represent the post‐fusion forms. Structural information on the TM domain of gp41 is scant and at low resolution. Here we describe the design, expression and purification of a protein construct that includes MPR and the transmembrane domain of gp41 (MPR‐TMTEV‐6His), which reacts with the broadly neutralizing antibodies 2F5 and 4E10 and thereby may represent an immunologically relevant conformation mimicking a prehairpin intermediate of gp41. The expression level of MPR‐TMTEV‐6His was improved by fusion to the C‐terminus of Mistic protein, yielding ∼1 mg of pure protein per liter. The isolated MPR‐TMTEV‐6His protein was biophysically characterized and is a monodisperse candidate for crystallization. This work will enable further investigation into the structure of MPR‐TMTEV‐6His, which will be important for the structure‐based design of a mucosal vaccine against HIV‐1.
Engaging Migrants in Translocal Partnerships: the Case of Dutch–Moroccan and Dutch–Turkish Municipal Partnerships
Authors: van Ewijk Edith 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFrom 2000 onwards, Dutch local governments have established transnational partnerships with local governments in Morocco and Turkey, two main migrant source countries to the Netherlands. These municipal partnerships aim at strengthening and transforming local governance on both sides of the partnerships. This is particularly relevant as roles of local governments in Morocco and Turkey are changing because of decentralisation and democratisation processes, whereas Dutch municipalities face challenges related to ethnic and cultural diversity. This paper seeks to answer two questions: first, what roles migrants play within these partnerships, and second, how the involvement of migrants influences the process of knowledge exchange and mutual learning leading to changes in local governance. The paper is based on a case study approach including five municipal partnerships and contributes both to the scarce body of knowledge about the roles of migrants in transnational cooperation at the local level and to the limited research on mutual learning in municipal partnerships. The research shows migrants fulfil several roles; they act as initiators, key actors, facilitators, and contributors of specialised and cultural knowledge. Their role as facilitators in the exchanges focusing at the interfaces between local governments and citizens is particularly relevant as introducing youth participation is new in the involved municipalities in Morocco and dealing with cultural diversity is a continuing challenge in the Dutch municipalities. There still is a large untapped potential as limited use is made of involving larger groups of migrants and on drawing on their networks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate‐Induced Flow Regime Alterations and their Implications for the Lancang River, China
Authors: Tang J. , Yin X. A. , Yang P. , Yang Z. F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMost studies of the Lancang River have focussed on the influence of hydropower generation on the riverine ecosystem. Few studies have explored climate‐induced flow regime alterations and their implications for the riverine ecosystem. There is a pressing need for improved understanding of the implications of such climate‐induced flow regime alterations in the Lancang River Basin. Future streamflow under the A2 and B2 scenarios of Hadley Centre coupled model version 3 (HadCM3) are predicted using a back propagation artificial neural network. Potential effects of flow regime alterations are tested by amended annual proportional flow deviation (AAPFD). Projected streamflow will decrease in wet season months and will increase in dry season months. Monthly streamflow at Jiuzhou station was projected to range from a 27.9% decrease to a 158.4% increase. For Gajiu station, the percent increase was projected to range from 1.4% to 70.4%, while the decrease ranged from 0.2% to 16.9%. Changes in streamflow at Yunjinghong station ranged from a 46.5% decrease to a 135.3% increase. Projected streamflow changes during high and low flow periods will have important implications for the ecological processes of the Lancang River Basin. AAPFD indicates that these changes will have serious effects on the Lancang River Basin ecosystem. Projected climate‐induced flow regime alterations during the period of 2071–2095 will have particularly serious effects on riverine ecosystem, especially in the upstream and downstream sections of the Lancang River. The A2 scenario will pose a more serious threat to riverine ecosystem health. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ploidy changes and genome stability in yeast
Authors: Storchova Zuzana 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEukaryotic organisms maintain karyotypes with constant chromosome number, but polyploid cells that contain more than two sets of chromosomes can frequently be found. On the one hand, polyploidization is likely to provide some beneficial effects, as naturally occurring polyploid cells can be readily found. On the other hand, polyploidization profoundly affects cell physiology, which may be detrimental to cells. Additionally, polyploidy leads often to aneuploidy and diversification of genetic information; therefore, it has always been considered a prominent driving force in evolution. Recently tetraploid‐derived aneuploidy was suggested as a possible mechanism for resistance to fungicides. Another prominent example of the effects of tetraploid‐derived aneuploidy is cancer, in which up to one‐third of tumours likely originate through tetraploid intermediates. Studying the cellular consequences of polyploidization in human cells is challenging. In contrast, polyploid and aneuploid cells can be easily generated and analysed in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as in other yeast species. This, together with the naturally occurring yeast polyploids and aneuploids, provides a valuable model to study the effects of abnormal chromosome numbers on cellular physiology. Thus, the yeast model may provide novel insights into the general mechanisms of genomic instability in eukaryotes and improve our understanding of the consequences of ploidy changes and their relevance for disease. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and selection of passion fruit (yellow and purple) accessions based on molecular markers and disease reactions for use in breeding programs
Authors: Cerqueira-Silva C. B. M. , Jesus O. N. , Oliveira E. J. , Santos E. S. L. , Souza A. P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPassiflora edulis Sims, which is native to South America, stands out as a passion fruit species with major potential for fruit production and marketing. This species is popularly known as yellow or purple passion fruit, depending on the color of the fruits produced. Brazil is the major worldwide producer of passion fruit; however, the average productivity of the country is low compared with its potential for culture. Fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens are among the factors limiting the productivity of passion fruit. Furthermore, no existing cultivars exhibit both productivity and resistance to disease. To select genetic material that will be useful for core collections and for increasing the genetic resistance of passion fruit cultivars to pathogens, we characterized 36 accessions based on 23 microsatellite loci and six variables related to the reactions to three diseases (woodiness virus, scab and anthracnose). We identified 127 alleles (an average of 5.52 alleles per locus), 30 % of which were private for yellow or purple passion fruit accessions. Analysis of variance and mean comparison tests indicated differences in five of the six variables (p < 0.05, Scott-Knott test). Differences between the average reactions of the yellow and purple passion fruit accessions were also observed for the symptoms of woodiness virus and anthracnose (p < 0.05, Mann–Whitney test).Together with these results, molecular and phenotypic estimates allowed the identification of groups of preferential accessions for use in breeding programs, for example, accessions BGP029, 071, 168, 205 and 277.
Genetic and chemical characterization of white and red peony root derived from Paeonia lactiflora
Authors: Zhu Shu , Yu Xiaoli , Wu Yuqiu , Shiraishi Fumio , Kawahara Nobuo , Komatsu Katsuko 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Two kinds of peony roots—white peony root (WPR) and red peony root (RPR)—are used for different remedies in traditional Chinese medicine; however, most of them are derived from the same botanical origin, Paeonia lactiflora. The difference between WPR and RPR has been debated for a long time. This study attempted to clarify the genetic and chemical characteristics of WPR and RPR in order to provide a scientific dataset for their identification and effective use. The nucleotide sequence of nrDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the contents of 8 main bioactive constituents were analyzed from specimens of P. lactiflora, P. veitchii and two related species as well as crude drug samples of WPR, RPR and peony root produced in Japan. Of the samples derived from P. lactiflora, the WPR produced in the southern parts of China and the RPR produced in the northern parts of China were clearly divided into two subgroups within the P. lactiflora group based on similarity of the ITS sequences. The nucleotides at positions 69, 458 and 523 upstream of the ITS sequence served as molecular markers to discriminate between WPR and RPR. Quantitative analysis indicated that the RPR samples obviously contained a higher content of paeoniflorin and paeonol, but a lower content of albiflorin than the WPR produced in the southern parts of China and peony root produced in Japan. The WPR available from Chinese markets was usually processed by sulfur fumigation, which resulted in an extremely low content of paeoniflorin. This study indicated that WPR and RPR were not only geographically isolated, but also genetically and chemically separated. The ITS sequence provided a genetic index for their identification.
Antibacterial Activities of Five Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Ethylene Glycol Bisacetyl Spacers
Authors: Guo Shengnan , Sun Xiaowen , Zou Qichao , Zhang Jinzhi , Ni Hong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA series of cationic gemini surfactants containing two dimethylalkylammonium chains linked by ethylene glycol bisacetyl spacers were synthesized [Gm‐AnA‐m, G = gemini surfactant, m = 12 (–C12H25), 14 (–C14H29), or 16 (–C16H33), A = acetyl, and n = 2, 3, or 4 is the number of ethylene glycol units in the spacers]. Because of the inductive effect of the oxygen atom in the spacer, acylation can take place using chloroacetyl chloride instead of bromoacetyl bromide which helps to limit the use of environmentally harmful reagents. Critical micelle concentrations were determined using conductivity measurements. The antibacterial activities of the surfactants against Gram‐positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and Gram‐negative bacterium Escherichia coli were evaluated from the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bacterial concentration, a time–kill study, and the inhibitory zone. Increasing the length of the spacer did not result in an obvious change of antibacterial activity. However, increasing the length of the alkyl chain apparently increased the antibacterial activity against S. aureus but decreased the antibacterial activity against E. coli. The G12‐A2A‐12 surfactant had the lowest CMC of 1.26 mmol L−1 and exhibited the best antibacterial activity with a MIC of 32 μg mL−1 toward S. aureus and 64 μg mL−1 toward E. coli in the presence of 105 CFU of bacteria. This work indicated that these cationic gemini surfactants have potential applications as antibacterial agents and emulsifiers.
Lipase‐Catalyzed Esterification of Triterpene Alcohols and Phytosterols with Oleic Acid
Authors: Kobayashi Takashi , Ogino Akane , Miyake Yasuhito , Mori Hajime , Hosoda Asao , Fujita Muneki , Tsuno Takuo , Adachi Shuji 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOleic acid esters of phytosterols (PSs) and triterpene alcohols (TAs), derived from rice bran, were synthesized using lipases under mild conditions. Some lipases, especially from Candida rugosa, type VII, showed very high substrate specificity towards both PSs and TAs, when a mixture of PS and TA (PS/TA mixture) was used as the substrate source. The maximum yield of PS esters was ca. 80 % in each case; however, the maximum yield of TA esters was much lower when the reaction was continued for 7 days. Due to the difficulty in purifying the esters obtained when the PS/TA mixture was used as source of substrate, free PSs and TAs were separated from the PS/TA mixture by silica‐gel and reverse‐phase chromatography prior to esterification. The pure PSs or TAs were esterified with oleic acid to obtain the corresponding esters with high purity. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis of the resulting esters revealed that their melting points ranged from 7.0 to 42 °C. These values were at least 100 °C lower than those of the free PSs and TAs.
Family environment, coping, and mental health in adolescents attending therapeutic day schools
Authors: Rodriguez Erin M. , Donenberg Geri R. , Emerson Erin , Wilson Helen W. , Brown Larry K. , Houck Christopher 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study examined associations among family environment, coping, and emotional and conduct problems in adolescents attending therapeutic day schools due to mental health problems.MethodsAdolescents (N = 417; 30.2% female) ages 13–20 (M = 15.25) reported on their family environment (affective involvement and functioning), coping (emotion‐focused support‐seeking, cognitive restructuring, avoidant actions), and emotional and conduct problems.ResultsPoorer family environment was associated with less emotion‐focused support‐seeking and cognitive restructuring, and more emotional and conduct problems. Emotional problems were negatively associated with cognitive restructuring, and conduct problems were negatively associated with all coping strategies. Cognitive restructuring accounted for the relationship between family environment and emotional problems. Cognitive restructuring and emotion‐focused support‐seeking each partially accounted for the relationship between family functioning and conduct problems, but not the relationship between family affective involvement and conduct problems.ConclusionsFindings implicate the role of coping in the relationship between family environment and adolescent mental health.
Beliefs in the legitimacy of decision authority among Chinese adolescents and parents: A person‐centered approach
Authors: Wang Yudan Chen , Faldowski Richard A. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe present study examined Chinese parents' and adolescents' beliefs in the legitimacy of decision authority with reference to specific issues from the prudential, conventional, multifaceted, and personal domains. The sample included 698 adolescents aged 12–15 and their parents from southern China. Parents and adolescents reported on their own beliefs respectively. Subgroups of parent and adolescent participants characterized by distinct patterns of beliefs across issues were identified with latent class analyses (LCA). Further, configural frequency analyses (CFA) were conducted to examine the match between parent subgroups and adolescent subgroups. In addition, the LCA‐derived subgroups varied across residency status, sibling status, and child gender, and were linked to adolescent depressive symptoms and school misconduct. These associations with external variables provided evidence for the distinctiveness of the latent classes. Results were discussed in light of social domain theory and the socio‐historical context where the participants were situated.
Early parenting: The roles of maltreatment, trauma symptoms, and future expectations
Authors: Thompson Richard , Neilson Elizabeth C. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe psychosocial determinants of early parenting are still not well understood. The current study used data on 115 girls in the Capella Project, who were followed longitudinally for the first 18 years of life. Potential predictors of early parenting assessed were child maltreatment, trauma symptoms, and girls' expectations for their socioeconomic outcomes. Cox regression survival analyses were conducted to predict time to the birth of first child. Significant unique predictors of early parenting included neglect, anxiety, low depression, and low expectations of going to college. Practice and research implications of these findings include the importance of neglect for risk of early parenting, the importance of ongoing trauma symptoms in youth, and the potentially protective influence of expectations of going to college.
Body‐esteem of pupils who attended single‐sex versus mixed‐sex schools: A cross‐sectional study of intrasexual competition and peer victimization
Authors: Lereya Suzet Tanya , Eryigit‐Madzwamuse Suna , Patra Chanchala , Smith Joshua H. , Wolke Dieter 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn intrasexual competition (competition for reproductive resources), bullying can be viewed as a tool to devalue competitors, gain a high status and a powerful, dominant position in the peer group which may lead to beneficial gains such as access to potential romantic partners. This study investigated the relationship between intrasexual competition, bullying victimization and body‐esteem, in single‐sex versus mixed‐sex schools. 420 participants completed a body‐esteem scale, a retrospective bullying questionnaire, and intrasexual competition scales. Our results showed that relational victimization was associated with low body‐esteem for both females and males. Females in single‐sex schools experienced higher intrasexual competition which in turn was associated with their body‐esteem directly and indirectly via relational victimization. In males, intrasexual competition was indirectly associated with body‐esteem via relational victimization. Interventions to improve body esteem may focus on reducing intrasexual competition and peer victimization.