bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scenarios of Future Snow Conditions in Styria (Austrian Alps)
Authors: Marke Thomas , Strasser Ulrich , Hanzer Florian , Stötter Johann , Wilcke Renate Anna Irma , Gobiet Andreas 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A hydrometeorological model chain is applied to investigate climate change effects on natural and artificial snow conditions in the Schladming region in Styria (Austria). Four dynamically refined realizations of the IPCC A1B scenario covering the warm/cold and wet/dry bandwidth of projected changes in temperature and precipitation in the winter half-year are statistically downscaled and bias corrected prior to their application as input for a physically based, distributed energy-balance snow model. However, owing to the poor skills in the reproduction of past climate and snow conditions in the considered region, one realization had to be removed from the selection to avoid biases in the results of the climate change impact analysis. The model’s capabilities in the simulation of natural and artificial snow conditions are evaluated and changes in snow conditions are addressed by comparing the number of snow cover days, the length of the ski season, and the amounts of technically produced snow as simulated for the past and the future. The results for natural snow conditions indicate decreases in the number of snow cover days and the ski season length of up to &gt;25 and &gt;35 days, respectively. The highest decrease in the calculated ski season length has been found for elevations between 1600 and 2700 m MSL, with an average decrease rate of ~2.6 days decade−1. For the exemplary ski site considered, the ski season length simulated for natural snow conditions decreases from &gt;50 days at present to ~40 days in the 2050s. Technical snow production allows the season to be prolonged by ~80 days and hence allows ski season lengths of ~120 days until the end of the scenario period in 2050.
Semicompressible Ocean Dynamics
Authors: Dewar W. K. , Schoonover J. , McDougall T. J. , Young W. R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe equations of motion are reexamined with the objective of improving upon the Boussinesq approximation. The authors derive new equations that conserve energy, filter out sound waves, are more accurate than the Boussinesq set, and are computationally competitive with them. The new equations are partly enabled by exploiting a reversible exchange between internal and gravitational potential fluid energy. To improve upon these equations appears to require the inclusion of acoustics, at which point one should use full Navier–Stokes. This study recommends the new sets for testing in general circulation modeling.
Impact of Data Assimilation on ECCO2 Equatorial Undercurrent and North Equatorial Countercurrent in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Halpern David , Menemenlis Dimitris , Wang Xiaochun 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe impact of data assimilation on the transports of eastward-flowing Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) and North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) in the Pacific Ocean from 145°E to 95°W during 2004–05 and 2009–11 was assessed. Two Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, Phase II (ECCO2), solutions were analyzed: one with data assimilation and one without. Assimilated data included satellite observations of sea surface temperature and ocean surface topography, in which the sampling patterns were approximately uniform over the 5 years, and in situ measurements of subsurface salinity and temperature profiles, in which the sampling patterns varied considerably in space and time throughout the 5 years. Velocity measurements were not assimilated. The impact of data assimilation was considered significant when the difference between the transports computed with and without data assimilation was greater than 5.5 × 106 m3 s−1 (or 5.5 Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) for the EUC and greater than 5.0 Sv for the NECC. In addition, the difference of annual-mean transports computed from 3-day-averaged data was statistically significant at the 95% level. The impact of data assimilation ranged from no impact to very substantial impact when data assimilation increased the EUC transport and decreased the NECC transport. The study’s EUC results had some correspondence with other studies and no simple agreement or disagreement pattern emerged among all studies of the impact of data assimilation. No comparable study of the impact of data assimilation on the NECC has been made.
The Major Stratospheric Sudden Warming of January 2013: Analyses and Forecasts in the GEOS-5 Data Assimilation System
Authors: Coy Lawrence , Pawson Steven 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The major stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) of 6 January 2013 is examined using output from the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5) near-real-time data assimilation system (DAS). GEOS-5 analyses showed that the SSW of January 2013 was a major warming by 1200 UTC 6 January, with a wave-2 vortex-splitting pattern. Upward wave activity flux from the upper troposphere (~23 December 2012) displaced the ~10-hPa polar vortex off the pole in a wave-1 pattern, enabling the poleward advection of subtropical values of Ertel potential vorticity (EPV) into a developing anticyclonic circulation region. While the polar vortex subsequently split (wave-2 pattern) the wave-2 forcing [upward Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux] was smaller than what was found in recent wave-2, SSW events, with most of the forcing located in the Pacific hemisphere. Investigation of a rapidly developing tropospheric weather system over the North Atlantic on 28–29 December 2012 showed strong transient upward wave activity flux from the storm with influences up to 10 hPa; however, the Pacific hemisphere wave forcing remained dominate at this time. Results from the GEOS-5 five-day forecasts showed that the forecasts accurately predicted the major SSW of January 2013. The overall success of the 5-day forecasts provides motivation to produce regular 10-day forecasts with GEOS-5, to better support studies of stratosphere–troposphere interaction.
Tornadoes in Romania
Authors: Antonescu Bogdan , Bell Aurora 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The first tornado climatology for Romania is presented based on datasets attained from three periods between 1822 and 2013. The historical period (1822–1944) contains 33 tornado reports originating from historical newspaper archives and publications of the Romanian Meteorological Institute. Evidence of tornado observations in Romania before the nineteenth century is found in the representation of tornadoes in the Romania folk mythology. The socialist period (1945–89) contains only seven tornado reports, likely because during this period it was believed that tornadoes did not occur in Romania. The recent period (1990–2013) contains 89 tornado reports that came from mass-media sources and eyewitness reports. Of the 129 tornadoes from the Romanian tornado database, 98 were reported between May and July with a peak in May (36 reports). Most of the tornadoes (28 reports) occurred during the afternoon hours 1500–1659 local time. Tornadoes were more frequently reported over eastern Romania compared with other regions of the country, with a maximum over southeastern Romania [0.37–0.45 (105 km2)−1 yr−1].
Natural Cuban zeolites for medical use and their histamine binding capacity
Authors: Selvam T. , Schwieger W. , Dathe W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe work reported herein involves the characterization of natural zeolites from two different mines (San Andrés and Tasajeras; Cuba) using XRD, SEM, TG-DTA, ICP and surface area measurements. In addition, the chemical composition of zeolites, the heavy metal and environmental organic toxins content, the ion exchange rates, stability under biological conditions using simulated body fluids as well as the binding capacity for histamine have been investigated with a view to using them as medical products. The investigated zeolites contain clinoptilolite and mordenite as major phases. Furthermore, the samples are apparently free from fibrous materials according to SEM observations. In particular, the San Andrés zeolite binds remarkable amounts of histamine which are nearly irreversible under acidic (pH = 1; 12.4 mg/g) and neutral conditions (pH = 7; 15.7 mg/g), respectively. Thus, the San Andrés sample may well be applied as a medical product due to its excellent binding capacity for histamine along with its remaining optimum physico-chemical characteristics.
Characterization of natural and chemically modified kaolinite from Mako (Senegal) to remove lead from aqueous solutions
Authors: Mbaye A. , Diop C. A. K. , Miehe-Brendle J. , Senocq F. , Maury F. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe chemical and sorption properties of clay minerals from the Mako area, Senegal, were investigated using FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy equipped with an X-ray energy dispersion spectrometer, thermal analysis and chemical analysis. The clay sample is essentially dominated by kaolinite and quartz as also shown by treatment with ethylene glycol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The clay fraction of this natural clay was organically modified by grafting with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) in order to improve significantly its retention ability of heavy metals. The silane groups of the APTES reagent were partly grafted on the surface of platy kaolinite particles and the remaining ethoxy groups could be hydrolysed by aqueous treatment. The natural clay, its clay fraction and the organo-functionalized clay (with APTES) were investigated as adsorbents for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Evidence for an organic grafting has been demonstrated by comparing the spectroscopic characteristics of the natural clay and those of its chemically modified derivatives. The effects of different parameters (i.e. initial Pb(II) concentration and contact time) on the adsorption efficiency were studied. For an initial concentration of 10 mg L−1Pb(II), the adsorption was maximized after 30 min contact time both for the raw material and its clay fraction and after 90 min for the APTES grafted clay. Although the maximum of sorption for the APTES grafted clay is reached with slower kinetics, this maximum amount of Pb(II) uptake at room temperature (Xmax) is significantly higher since it is 0.99 mg g−1for the raw clay, 1.46 mg g−1for its clay fraction and 3.02 mg g−1for the organically modified clay, i.e. three times greater than the raw clay.
Fabrication of uniform 4H-SiC mesopores by pulsed electrochemical etching
Authors: Tan Jia-Hui , Chen Zhi-zhan , Lu Wu-Yue , Cheng Yue , He Hong , Liu Yi-Hong , Sun Yu-Jun , Zhao Gao-Jie 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this letter, the uniform 4H silicon carbide (SiC) mesopores was fabricated by pulsed electrochemical etching method. The length of the mesopores is about 19 μm with a diameter of about 19 nm. The introduction of pause time (T
off) is crucial to form the uniform 4H-SiC mesopores. The pore diameter will not change if etching goes with T
off. The hole concentration decreasing at the pore tips during the T
off is the main reason for uniformity.
"Equation missing" -algebra-valued metric spaces and related fixed point theorems
Authors: Ma Zhenhua , Jiang Lining , Sun Hongkai 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Based on the concept and properties of

C
∗

-algebras, the paper introduces a concept of

C
∗

-algebra-valued metric spaces and gives some fixed point theorems for self-maps with contractive or expansive conditions on such spaces. As applications, existence and uniqueness results for a type of integral equation and operator equation are given.

MSC:47H10, 46L07.
Existence of solutions for fractional q-integro-difference inclusions with fractional q-integral boundary conditions
Authors: Ahmad Bashir , Ntouyas Sotiris K , Alsaedi Ahmed 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the existence of solutions for a nonlocal boundary value problem of fractional q-integro-difference inclusions of two fractional orders with Riemann-Liouville fractional q-integral boundary conditions. A new existence result is obtained by making use of a nonlinear alternative for contractive maps and is well illustrated with the aid of an example.

MSC:34A60, 34A08.
All exact traveling wave solutions of the combined KdV-mKdV equation
Authors: Huang Yong , Wu Yonghong , Meng Fanning , Yuan Wenjun 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this article, we employ the complex method to obtain all meromorphic solutions of complex combined Korteweg-de Vries-modified Korteweg-de Vries equation (KdV-mKdV equation) at first, then we find all exact traveling wave solutions of the combined KdV-mKdV equation. The idea introduced in this paper can be applied to other nonlinear evolution equations. Our results show that all rational and simply periodic exact traveling wave solutions of the combined KdV-mKdV equation are solitary wave solutions, the complex method is simpler than other methods, and there exist some rational solutions

w

r
,
2

(
z
)

and simply periodic solutions

w

s
,
2

(
z
)

such that they are not only new but also not degenerated successively by the elliptic function solutions. We believe that this method should play an important role in finding exact solutions in mathematical physics. We also give some computer simulations to illustrate our main results.

MSC: Primary 30D35; secondary 34A05.

PACS Codes: 02.30.Jr; 02.70.Wz; 02.30.-f.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 maintained by Hotair suppression of miR-568 upregulates S100 calcium binding protein A4 to promote breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Li Jun-Tang , Wang Li-Feng , Zhao Ya-Li , Yang Tao , Li Wei , Zhao Jing , Yu Feng , Wang Lei , Meng Yan-Ling , Liu Ning-Ning , Zhu Xiao-Shan , Gao Chun-Fang , Jia Lin-Tao , Yang An-Gang 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The onset of distal metastasis, which underlies the high mortality of breast cancers, warrants substantial studies to depict its molecular basis. Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) is upregulated in various malignancies and is critically involved in migration and invasion of neoplastic cells. Nevertheless, the metastasis-related events potentiated by this transcriptional factor and the mechanism responsible for NFAT5 elevation in carcinoma cells remain to be fully elucidated.

Methods
The correlation of NFAT5 with breast cancer invasiveness was investigated in vitro and clinically. The genes transcriptionally activated by NFAT5 were probed and their roles in breast cancer progression were dissected. The upstream regulators of NFAT5 were studied with particular attempt to explore the involvement of non-coding RNAs, and the mechanism underlying the maintenance of NFAT5 expression was deciphered.

Results
In metastatic breast cancers, NFAT5 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion of cells by switching on the expression of the calcium binding protein S100A4, and facilitates the angiogenesis of breast epithelial cells and thus the development of metastases by transcriptionally activating vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C). NFAT5 is directly targeted by miR-568, which is in turn suppressed by the long non-coding RNA, Hotair, via a documented in trans gene silencing pattern, that is recruitment of the polycomb complex (Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; PRC2) and LSD1, and consequently methylation of histone H3K27 and demethylation of H3K4 on the miR-568 loci.

Conclusion
This study unravels a detailed role of NFAT5 in mediating metastatic signaling, and provides broad insights into the involvement of Hotair, in particular, by transcriptionally regulating the expression of microRNA(s), in the metastasis of breast cancers.
Observations on spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) captured in late spring in a North Carolina estuary
Authors: Bangley Charles , Rulifson Roger 
Published: October 2014

Five spiny dogfish were captured in early-mid May during gillnet and longline sampling targeting juvenile coastal sharks in inshore North Carolina waters. Dogfish captures were made within Back Sound and Core Sound, North Carolina. All dogfish were females measuring 849-905 mm total length, well over the size at 50% maturity. Dogfish were caught at stations 1.8-2.7 m in depth, with temperatures 22.9-24.2 °C, 32.8-33.4 ppt salinity, and 6.9-8.0 mg/L dissolved oxygen. These observations are among the latest in the spring for spiny dogfish in the southeastern U.S. and occurred at higher temperatures than previously recorded for this species. It is unclear whether late-occurring spiny dogfish in this area represent a cryptic late-migrating or resident segment of the Northwest Atlantic population.
Key Points in Program Planning and Realization
Authors: �������  , Makeeva Olga 
Published: October 2014

Program management is an actively developing field of knowledge during
the last decades. The lack of programs� common understanding, distinguishing
features and at the same time the similar principles of program,
portfolio and project management, insufficient accounting program�s main
features, such as a large number of incoming interrelated and interdependent
projects, the need for two-level management (strategic and detailed
ones), creating and accumulating uncertainty due to a number of projects,
demand for program�s continuous adjustment according to changing conditions
of internal and external environment create the pool of problems
that affects the program planning quality. Slippage, budget overruns, loss of
strategic guidelines � all this lead to failure in achieving business objectives.
In this paper the program�s distinctive features have been analyzed, comparative
analysis of programs, projects, portfolios has been made, key
points of program planning have been identified. The main elements of
program plan have been defined with an accent on emerging difficulties
and key components. Possibilities of use of collected knowledge related to
projects and portfolios planning while creating the program plan have been
analyzed. The need for developing a new approach to program planning
with account of all program�s features has been revealed.
Ongoing Accumulative Criterion Assessment System For Students Of Main General Education
Authors: �������  , Volodin Aleksandr , �������  , Bykanov Anatoliy 
Published: October 2014

The article considers ongoingcriterion assessment system for main general education students� formation of universal educational actions and subject
skills during the lesson.
Authors present a model of ongoing accumulative criterion assessment of main general education students; define contents, levels and scale of assessment
during a lesson; discuss issues of application technology for students� criterion scale based on teacher�s activity on embedding universal educational
actions and subject skills and implementation of lesson process charts. Presented material will allow teacher to perform objective assessment of
individual trajectory of each student�s formation of universal educational actions and subject skillsat each lesson and on every subject.
Museum Pedagogics in the Context of Federal State Educational Standard of General Education (on the Example of the Museum n.a. Nicholas Roerich)
Authors: ����������  , Kozhemyakina Larisa 
Published: October 2014

The article focuses on capabilities of museum pedagogy (regulated by the Federal State Educational Standard of General Education)as part of the culture
edifying paradigm aimed tocreate a new individual of culture able to perceive personal responsibility for universal cultural and human values, that
enable existence, unity, and evolution of humanity and provide the dialog of cultures, epochs, and nations.
The article reveals the importance of artistic, literary, and epistolary heritage of a famous Russian artist, public figure, philosopher, and historian of culture
� Nicholas Roerich. Artistic heritage of Nicholas Roerich is of particular relevance for modern education, as it points out the spiritual unity of sacred
images and symbols of the East and the West, sets international humanitarian and moral values, helps to comprehend the uniqueness of Russian culture
and cultures of the East.
The author surveys cultural and educational space of the Museum n.a. Nicholas Roerich as part of the complex educational model: the museum educational
Program �Dialog between cultures of the East and the West�. Mastering this Program will contribute to: building the basis of museum culture,
evolving personal need for interaction with works of art andartefacts in the educational space of the Museum; creating emotional and axiological attitude
towards artistic heritage of Nicholas Roerich; accumulating individual cultural experience based on realization of universal human values and
cultural symbols; developing historical consciousness based on understanding particular cultural and social evolutional milestones in the history of
humanity, which are of evolutionary importance for the future unity of mankind; establishing respectful and caring attitude towards both Russian and
Eastern religious and cultural traditions; creating an individual worldview as a system of universal cultural, spiritual and moral values.
Application of Information Resources for Effective Management of Educational Organization
Authors: ��������  , Nikolaev Mikhail 
Published: October 2014

The article reviews components of information resource of an executive, which promote more effective educational organization management (legal
and organizational support of the information environment of the educational institution; hardware and software information environment for the
organization of teaching and ancillary staff�s activities in the medium itself, educational and methodological filling with informational and educational
resources). Software and hardware components of the information environment of the educational organization is represented by a list of automated
software systems and informational complex created for the electronic management of the organization and the effective interaction of educational
organization�s collective (NetSchool, �1C: 5 School Education&#34;, &#34;Virtual School Cyril and Methodius&#34;, dnevnik.ru, DigitalEducation). The examples of informational
complexes for the heads of educational institutions can be: electronic resources on the topic of management of publishing firm &#34;September&#34;,
expert-legal electronic system of &#34;Education&#34;.
Relieving Pressure: Optimizing Water Distribution Pressure Management at Valley of the Moon Water District
Authors: Wasserkrug Segev , Tsitkin Alexey , Zadorojniy Alexander 
Published: October 2014

Efficiently managing pressure in a water distribution network is an issue for water utilities worldwide. Utilities must maintain a delicate balance between lowering the pressure as much as possible to reduce water loss and electricity usage, while keeping pressure high enough to maintain the required level of service. In this paper, we describe how we created and deployed an advanced decision support solution to help the Valley of the Moon Water District (VOMWD) in Sonoma County, California improve its pressure management. Our solution enables VOMWD to efficiently manage water pressure in its network and better handle the pressure changes resulting from seasonal variations in demand. It provides a comprehensive view of the pressure status in the network and incorporates a novel optimization algorithm and problem formulation, which efficiently solve a nonconvex optimization problem and provide recommendations for demand and input pressure changes in the network. Following the deployment of our solution, VOMWD reduced the number of leaks and bursts by 16 percent compared to the previous year and by 19 percent compared to the average of the previous three years. Less quantifiable results included a reduction in pressure spikes and improvements in tank water levels and water turnover. Our solution has widespread applicability; therefore, we plan to use it to help water utilities worldwide significantly improve their pressure-management capabilities.