bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A combined toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics approach to assess the effect of porewater composition on cadmium bioavailability to Folsomia candida
Authors: Ardestani Masoud M. , Oduber Fedor , van Gestel Cornelis A.M. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to improve our understanding of cadmium bioavailability by linking toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. The springtail Folsomia candida was exposed to different cadmium concentrations in solutions embedded in inert quartz sand. Survival and cadmium uptake in the animals were followed for 21 d. After 10 d, some animals were transferred to clean medium to assess cadmium elimination. Using a first-order one-compartment model, an overall uptake rate constant (k1) of 0.18 L kganimal–1 d−1 and an elimination rate constant (k2-TK) of 0.02 d−1 were calculated. Survival decreased with time, resulting in an estimated final median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.51 mM. A lethal body concentration (LBC) of 4.6 µmol Cd g−1 dry body weight was estimated by multiplying the final LC50 by the bioconcentration factor (k1/k2-TK). The LC50animal values based on internal cadmium concentrations were between 3.56 µmol Cd g−1 and 9.91 µmol Cd g−1 dry body weight, with an overall value of 7.9 µmol Cd g−1 dry body weight (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8–12.0 µmol Cd g−1 dry body wt). Because the 95% CI of the LC50animal included the LBC, there was good agreement of cadmium toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1570–1577. © 2014 SETAC
Reaction of Vinyl Selenides with Secondary Phosphines and Elemental Selenium: One‐Pot Selective Synthesis of a New Family of Diselenophosphinic Se‐Esters
Authors: Artem'ev Alexander V. , Chernysheva Nataliya A. , Gusarova Nina K. , Yas'ko Svetlana V. , Liao Jian‐Hong , Liu C. W. , Albanov Alexander I. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTAlkyl vinyl selenides react with diverse secondary phosphines and elemental selenium in a 1.1:1:2 molar ratio (120–124°C, 20–40 min, 1,4‐dioxane) to afford selectively earlier unknown diselenophosphinic Se‐esters, R2P(Se)SeCH(Me)SeR´, in 82–99% yield. This three‐component atom‐economic reaction proceeds via intermediate formation of diselenophosphinic acid R2P(Se)SeH (generated from secondary phosphine and selenium), which adds to the double bond of vinyl selenide in a Markovnikov manner to give the target products.
INSOLVENCY PREDICTION IN THE PRESENCE OF DATA INCONSISTENCIES
Authors: Mendes A. , Cardoso R. L. , Mário P. C. , Martinez A. L. , Ferreira F. R. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper we use data inconsistencies as an indicator of financial distress. Traditional models for insolvency prediction normally ignore inconsistent data, either by removing or replacing it. Instead of removing that information, we propose a new variable to capture it; using it together with traditional accounting variables (based on financial ratios) for the purpose of insolvency prediction.Computational tests use three datasets based on the financial results of 2033 Brazilian Health Maintenance Organizations over 7 years (2001 to 2007). Sixteen classification methods were used to evaluate whether or not the new variable impacted solvency prediction. Tests show a statistically significant improvement in classification accuracy – average results improve 1.3 (p = 0.003) and 1.8 (p = 0.006) percentage points, for 10‐fold and leave‐one‐out cross‐validations respectively. In addition, the analysis of false positives and false negatives shows that the new variable reduces the potentially harmful misclassification of false negatives (i.e. financially distressed companies being classified as financially healthy) and also reduces the estimated overall error rate.Regarding the extensibility of the results, even though this work uses data from Brazilian companies only, the calculation of the financial ratios variables, as well as the inconsistencies, could be extended to most companies worldwide subject to governmental accounting regulations aligned with the International Financial Reporting Standards. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PMMA‐hydroxyapatite composite material retards fatigue failure of augmented bone compared to augmentation with plain PMMA: In vivo study using a sheep model
Authors: Arabmotlagh Mohammad , Bachmaier Samuel , Geiger Florian , Rauschmann Michael 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPolymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is the most commonly used void filler for augmentation of osteoporotic vertebral fracture, but the differing mechanical features of PMMA and osteoporotic bone result in overload and failure of adjacent bone. The aim of this study was to compare fatigue failure of bone after augmentation with PMMA‐nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) composite material or with plain PMMA in a sheep model. After characterization of the mechanical properties of a composite material consisting of PMMA and defined amounts (10, 20, and 30% volume fraction) of HA, the composite material with 30% volume fraction HA was implanted in one distal femur of sheep; plain PMMA was implanted in the other femur. Native non‐augmented bone served as control. Three and 6 months after implantation, the augmented bone samples were exposed to cyclic loading and the evolution of damage was investigated. The fatigue life was highest for the ovine native bone and lowest for bone‐PMMA specimens. Bone‐composite specimens showed significantly higher fatigue life than the respective bone‐PMMA specimens in both 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up groups. These results suggest that modification of mechanical properties of PMMA by addition of HA to approximate those of cancellous bone retards fatigue failure of the surrounding bone compared to augmented bone with plain PMMA. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B, 102B: 1613–1619, 2014.
Edge loading does not increase wear rates of ceramic‐on‐ceramic and metal‐on‐polyethylene articulations
Authors: Halma Jelle J. , Señaris Jose , Delfosse Daniel , Lerf Reto , Oberbach Thomas , van Gaalen Steven M. , de Gast Arthur 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe mal‐positioning of total hip arthroplasty components can result in edge loading conditions. Purpose of this study was to determine if the wear rate of ceramic‐on‐ceramic and metal‐on‐polyethylene increases under edge loading conditions. The literature was reviewed to determine which of the commonly used hip bearings is the most forgiving to implant mal‐orientation. Two 28‐mm ceramic‐on‐ceramic articulations were tested in vitro: pure alumina (PAL) ceramic versus the new alumina‐toughened zirconia (ATZ). Two 28‐mm metal‐on‐polyethylene articulations were tested in vitro: conventional ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) versus highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) stabilized with vitamin E. All bearings were tested at standard and at highest possible inclination angles. Hip simulator tests were run for five million cycles based on N = 3 tests per condition. The average wear rate of ATZ‐on‐ATZ is 0.024 mm3/Mcycles at 45° and 0.018 mm3/Mcycles at 65°. Wear rate of PAL‐on‐PAL is between 0.02 and 0.03 mm3/Mcycles at 45°, as well as 65°. The wear rate of UHMWPE was 31 ± 1 mm3/Mcycles at an inclination angle of 45° and 26 ± 1 mm3/Mcycles at 80°. The wear rate of vitamin E stabilized HXLPE was 5.9 ± 0.2 mm3/Mcycles at 45° and 5.8 ± 0.2 mm3/Mcycles at 80°. Edge loading does not increase the wear rate of ceramic‐on‐ceramic and metal‐on‐polyethylene articulations. The newest biomaterials showed markedly lower wear rates compared with their conventional counterparts. ATZ‐on‐ATZ showed the lowest wear rate of all tested pairings, but the vitamin E stabilized HXLPE seems to be the most forgiving material when it comes to implant mal‐orientation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B, 102B: 1627–1638, 2014.
Association mapping for five agronomic traits in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Nemli Seda , Asciogul Tansel Kaygisiz , Kaya Hilal Betul , Kahraman Abdullah , Eşiyok Dursun , Tanyolac Bahattin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe common bean is the most important grain legume and a major source of protein in many developing countries. We analysed the following traits: pod fibre (PF), seeds per pod (SPP), plant type (PT), growth habit (GH), and days to flowering (DF) for a set of diverse common bean accessions and determined whether such traits were associated with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers.RESULTSIn this study, 66 common bean genotypes were used and genotyped with 233 AFLP, 105 SNP and 80 SSR markers. The association analysis between markers and five traits was performed using a General Linear Model (GLM) in Trait Analysis by aSSociation, Evolution and Linkage (TASSEL). The population structure was determined using the STRUCTURE software, and seven groups (K = 7) were identified among genotypes. The associations for such traits were identified and quantified; 62 markers were associated with the five traits.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that association mapping using a reasonable number of markers, distributed across the genome and with the appropriate number of individuals harboured to detect DNA markers linked to the traits of PF, SPP, PT, GH and DF in common bean. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Recent Advances on Plasmin Inhibitors for the Treatment of Fibrinolysis‐Related Disorders
Authors: Al‐Horani Rami A. , Desai Umesh R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that plasmin is involved in a number of physiological processes in addition to its key role in fibrin cleavage. Plasmin inhibition is critical in preventing adverse consequences arising from plasmin overactivity, e.g., blood loss that may follow cardiac surgery. Aprotinin was widely used as an antifibrinolytic drug before its discontinuation in 2008. Tranexamic acid and ε‐aminocaproic acid, two small molecule plasmin inhibitors, are currently used in the clinic. Several molecules have been designed utilizing covalent, but reversible, chemistry relying on reactive cyclohexanones, nitrile warheads, and reactive aldehyde peptidomimetics. Other major classes of plasmin inhibitors include the cyclic peptidomimetics and polypeptides of the Kunitz and Kazal‐type. Allosteric inhibitors of plasmin have also been designed including small molecule lysine analogs that bind to plasmin's kringle domain(s) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan mimetics that bind to plasmin's catalytic domain. Plasmin inhibitors have also been explored for resolving other disease states including cell metastasis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and embryo implantation. This review highlights functional and structural aspects of plasmin inhibitors with the goal of advancing their design.
An efficient approach to reduce alerts generated by multiple IDS products
Authors: Nguyen Tu Hoang , Luo Jiawei , Njogu Humphrey Waita 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYIntrusion detection systems (IDSs) often trigger a huge number of unnecessary alerts. Managing the overwhelming number of alerts, especially from multiple IDS products, is a concern to every security analyst. Analyzing and evaluating these alerts is a difficult task that frustrates the effort of analysts. In fact, true alerts are usually buried under heaps of false alerts. We have identified several research gaps in the existing alert management approaches that need to be addressed, especially when handling alerts from different IDS products. In this work, we present an efficient alert management approach that reduces the unnecessary alerts produced by different IDS products using two main modules: an enhanced alert verification module that validates alerts with vulnerability assessment data; and an enhanced alert aggregator module that reduces redundant alerts and presents them in the form of meta alerts. Finally, we have carried out experiments in our test bed and recorded impressive results in terms of high accuracy and low false positive rate for multiple IDS products. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A thermomechanical finite element tool for Leak‐before‐Break analysis
Authors: Gill P. , Davey K. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYA new finite element tool is presented, which utilises the extended FEM (XFEM) to model leaks through cracks. Heat flux and pressure boundary conditions are imposed on the crack in the form of jump terms. Enrichments are chosen to model either strong or weak discontinuities across the crack, as well as singularities at the crack tips. Excellent convergence rates are achieved for both the thermal and mechanical models, where errors are calculated relative to analytical solutions derived for this specific problem. A more general temperature approximation is also presented, which makes no assumptions about the continuity of temperature or heat flux across the crack. Results indicate that this is a robust way of modelling the temperature of a plate containing a crack with or without a leaking fluid. Thermomechanical simulations were then carried out to demonstrate the applicability of the FEM for analysing leak rates in nuclear reactor primary pipework. A two‐phase flow model based on the Henry–Fauske model is chosen for the fluid aspect, and this is coupled to the structure through a convection law. Crack closure is shown to reduce the leak rate by up to 40%. © 2014 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microfluidic assembly of uniform fluorescent microbeads from quantum‐dot‐loaded fluorine‐containing microemulsion
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhu Liangliang , Xie Heyi , Zhang Jing , Mao Yongsheng , Huang Zhenhong , Shi Bo , Chen Su 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe report a facile strategy for fabricating fluorescent quantum dot (QD)‐loaded microbeads by means of microfluidic technology. First, a functional fluorine‐containing microemulsion was synthesized with poly[(2‐(N‐ethylperfluorobutanesulfonamido)ethyl acrylate)‐co‐(methyl methacrylate)‐co‐(butyl acrylate)] (poly(FBMA‐co‐MMA‐co‐BA)) as the core and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as the shell via differential microemulsion polymerization. Then, CdTe QDs capped with N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine (NAC) were assembled into the poly(FBMA‐co‐MMA‐co‐BA‐co‐GMA) microemulsion particles through the reaction of the epoxy group on the shell of the microemulsion and the carboxyl group of the NAC ligand capped on the QDs. Finally, fluorescent microbeads were fabricated using the CdTe QD‐loaded fluorine‐containing microemulsion as the discontinuous phase and methylsilicone oil as the continuous phase by means of a simple microfluidic device. By changing flow rate of methylsilicone oil and hybrid microemulsion system, fluorescent microbeads with adjustable sizes ranging from 290 to 420 µm were achieved. The morphology and fluorescent properties of the microbeads were thoroughly investigated using optical microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that the fluorescent microbeads exhibited uniform size distribution and excellent fluorescence performance. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of Co2+ ions concentration in a galvanic bath on properties of electrolytic Zn–Ni–Co coatings
Authors: Wykpis K. 
Published: March 2014

The Zn–Ni–Co coatings were deposited onto carbon steel under galvanostatic conditions using a cathodic current density of j = 50 mAcm−2. The influence of Co2+ ions concentration in the electrolyte on surface morphology of the deposit, chemical and phase composition of electrodeposited Zn–Ni–Co was investigated by XRD and EDS methods.The obtained results evidenced the possibility of Zn–Ni–Co alloy electrodeposition under galvanostatatic conditions. The Co2+ concentration had a certain influence on the morphology of the deposit. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of Akt/mTOR Attenuates Age-Related Changes in Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Gharibi Borzo , Farzadi Samira , Ghuman Mandeep , Hughes Francis J. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The decline in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) self-renewal and function with aging contributes to diseases associated with impaired osteogenesis. MSC donor age in prolonged culture also limits the therapeutic potential of these cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Here, we demonstrate an intervention to preserve the immature state MSC and consequently maintain self-renewal and differentiation capacity during in vitro aging. We showed that blocking of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) prevents the development of an age-related phenotype and maintains MSC morphology of early passage cells with high clonogenic frequency and enhanced proliferative capacity. MSC cultured in the presence of inhibitors of Akt or mTOR also robustly maintain their osteogenic potential, that is otherwise lost during in vitro aging. We further report that these effects may be mediated by induction of expression of pluripotency genes Nanog and Oct-4 and by the reduction in the production of cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, loss of Akt/mTOR and ROS was accompanied with lower levels of DNA damage. These results provide an insight into mechanisms involved in MSC aging and suggest possible interventions to maintain quiescence and function of MSC prior to in vivo transplantation or as pharmacological agents in diseases associated with loss of MSC function. Stem Cells 2014;32:2256–2266
Liver disease in infancy caused by oxysterol 7α‐hydroxylase deficiency: successful treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid
Authors: Dai Dongling , Mills Philippa B. , Footitt Emma , Gissen Paul , McClean Patricia , Stahlschmidt Jens , Coupry Isabelle , Lavie Julie , Mochel Fanny , Goizet Cyril , Mizuochi Tatsuki , Kimura Akihiko , Nittono Hiroshi , Schwarz Karin , Crick Peter J. , Wang Yuqin , Griffiths William J. , Clayton Peter T. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA child of consanguineous parents of Pakistani origin developed jaundice at 5 weeks and then, at 3 months, irritability, a prolonged prothrombin time, a low albumin, and episodes of hypoglycaemia. Investigation showed an elevated alanine aminotransferase with a normal γ‐glutamyl‐transpeptidase. Analysis of urine by electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) showed that the major peaks were m/z 480 (taurine‐conjugated 3β‐hydroxy‐5‐cholenoic acid) and m/z 453 (sulphated 3β‐hydroxy‐5‐cholenoic acid). Analysis of plasma by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) showed increased concentrations of 3β‐hydroxy‐5‐cholenoic acid, 3β‐hydroxy‐5‐cholestenoic acid and 27‐hydroxycholesterol, indicating oxysterol 7α‐hydroxylase deficiency. The patient was homozygous for a mutation (c.1249C>T) in CYP7B1 that alters a highly conserved residue in oxysterol 7α‐hydroxylase (p.R417C) – previously reported in a family with hereditary spastic paraplegia type 5. On treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), his condition was worsening, but on chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), 15 mg/kg/d, he improved rapidly. A biopsy (after 2 weeks on CDCA), showed a giant cell hepatitis, an evolving micronodular cirrhosis, and steatosis. The improvement in liver function on CDCA was associated with a drop in the plasma concentrations and urinary excretions of the 3β‐hydroxy‐Δ5 bile acids which are considered hepatotoxic. At age 5 years (on CDCA, 6 mg/kg/d), he was thriving with normal liver function. Neurological development was normal apart from a tendency to trip. Examination revealed pes cavus but no upper motor neuron signs. The findings in this case suggest that CDCA can reduce the activity of cholesterol 27‐hydroxylase – the first step in the acidic pathway for bile acid synthesis.
Composition of Coconut Testa, Coconut Kernel and its Oil
Authors: Appaiah Prakruthi , Sunil L. , Prasanth Kumar P. K. , Gopala Krishna A. G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTesta, a by‐product from the coconut processing industry is getting wasted. A study was carried out to utilize testa as a source of edible oil. The composition of the oils from testa of wet coconut (WCT) and copra (CT) were evaluated and compared with wet coconut whole, copra whole, wet coconut white kernel and copra white kernel. The samples had fat as a major component ranging from 34 to 63 %. Oils had 90–98.2 % triacylglycerols, 1–8 % diacylglycerols and 0.4–2 % monoacylglycerols. The triacylglycerol composition of oil from WCT had decreased trilaurin and increased triolein. Lauric acid content of CT was 40.9 % and WCT was 32.4 % whereas other oils were 50–53 %. Oils from testa were richer in monounsaturates and polyunsaturates than other coconut oil samples. The phenolics and phytosterols content were 0.2–1.9 % and 31–51 mg%, respectively. The total phenolic acids and tocopherol content of oils from CT (313.9 μg%, 22.3 mg%) and WCT (389.0 μg%, 100.1 mg%) were higher than other samples (94.8–291.4 μg%, 2.5–6.7 mg%). These studies indicated that the oil from coconut testa contained more of natural antioxidants such as tocopherols, tocotrienols and phenolics compared to coconut kernel oil and may confer health benefits.
Postnatal development of nestin positive neurons in rat basal forebrain: Different onset and topography with choline acetyltransferase and parvalbumin expression
Authors: Guo Kai‐Hua , Li Dong‐Pei , Gu Huai‐Yu , Jie‐Xu  , Yao Zhi‐Bin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOur previous studies identified a sub‐population of cholinergic neurons which express nestin in the rostral part of the basal forebrain (BF) in normal adult rats. In the present study, the postnatal developmental patterns of nestin, choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) and parvalbumin (PV) positive neurons were explored by means of immunohistochemistry combined with immunofluorescence double label methods. Compared with early onset of ChAT expression (from P1) and delayed onset of PV expression (from P16), nestin positive activity was detected in the BF from P9 and co‐expressed by parts of the ChAT positive neurons within the same region during the whole postnatal development process. However, ChAT and PV were not coexpressed by the neurons within the medial septum‐diagonal band of Broca (MS‐DBB) of BF. These results might imply a composite of separate development patterns displayed by different subpopulations of cholinergic neurons (nestin positive cholinergic neurons and nestin negative cholinergic neurons) within this region. Moreover, the topographic distribution of nestin, ChAT and PV positive neurons also showed different characteristics. In summary, our present study revealed a remarkable timing and topographic difference on the postnatal development of the nestin expression within the MS‐DBB of BF compared with ChAT and PV expression. It is further suggested that nestin is re‐expressed by cholinergic neurons in the BF after differentiation but not persisted from neuronal precursor cells.
Dub3 controls DNA damage signalling by direct deubiquitination of H2AX
Authors: Delgado-Díaz M. Rocío , Martín Yusé , Berg Anna , Freire Raimundo , Smits Veronique A.J. 
Published: March 2014

A crucial event in the DNA damage response is the phosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitination of H2AX, required for the recruitment of proteins involved in DNA repair. Here we identify a novel regulator of this process, the ubiquitin hydrolase Dub3. Overexpression of wild type, but not catalytic inactive, Dub3 decreases the DNA damage‐induced mono‐ubiquitination of H2A(X) whereas downregulation of Dub3 has the opposite effect. Dub3 overexpression abrogates focus formation of 53BP1 and BRCA1 in response to genotoxic stress. However, focus formation of MDC1 and γH2AX, earlier events in this response, are unaffected by Dub3 overexpression. We show that Dub3 counteracts H2AX E3 ligases RNF8 and RNF168. Moreover, Dub3 and H2AX interact and Dub3 deubiquitinates H2AX in vitro. Importantly, overexpression of Dub3 delays H2AX dephosphorylation and recovery of MDC1 focus formation at later time points after DNA damage, whereas H2AX dephosphorylation at later time points is faster after Dub3 depletion. Altogether these results show that Dub3 regulates a correct DNA damage response by controlling H2AX ubiquitination.