bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proliferative retinopathy and neovascularization of the anterior segment in female type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Mancini Jorge E , Croxatto Juan O , Gallo Juan E 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
To examine the presence of diabetic retinopathy in a female rat model of type 2 diabetes fed on a high-fat diet (HFD).

Methods
Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) at the age of two days and fed on an HFD from eight weeks onwards. Five diabetic animals were euthanized at 110 weeks of disease, together with a control group of age-matched, non-diabetic animals. A group of diabetic animals at 57 weeks of disease was included for comparison. Cross sections of the rats’ corneas, iris and retinas were histologically examined and analysed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, using glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein (GFAP), the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the Von Willebrand factor (vWF). The trypsine digestive technique was used for the pericytes count.

Results
Neovascularization was only found in the retinas, irises and corneas of the diabetic animals of 110 weeks of disease. There was also a significantly lower number of pericytes in these animals than in the controls.

Conclusion
The female rat model of type 2 diabetes fed on an HFD may prove useful in evaluating the mechanisms involved in diabetic retinopathy, together with strategies to reduce its severity.
Technical tips and procedural steps in endovascular aortic aneurysm repair with concomitant recanalization of iliac artery occlusions
Authors: Uchiyamada Jorge Senkichi , Ichihashi Shigeo , Iwakoshi Shinichi , Itoh Hirofumi , Tabayashi Nobuoki , Kichikawa Kimihiko 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Purpose
The goal of this paper is to describe our technical strategy and procedural steps for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) when performed with concomitant recanalization of the iliac artery occlusion.

Materials and methods
Three octogenarians having abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)/common iliac artery aneurysms (CIAA) with unilateral external iliac artery (EIA) occlusion underwent EVAR with recanalization of the occluded iliac arteries. Crossing the iliac artery occlusions was attempted in a retrograde approach using a 0.035 inch-hydrophilic guidewire. After passage of a guidewire, predilation was performed using 6mm balloon. Then a 12-Fr sheath was advanced via the occluded EIA for contralateral iliac limb delivery. Internal iliac artery embolization was subsequently performed as needed. A self-expanding stent was then placed in the occluded EIA after EVAR.

Results
Recanalization of the EIA occlusion, followed by stentgraft delivery through the occlusion and EVAR, was successfully performed in all three patients. Penetration of the occluded EIA was successfully achieved only by retrograde approach in two patients, and by bidirectional approach in the other patient. No perioperative complication or death occurred. Postoperative CT showed no type I or III endoleaks in the aneurysms and patent iliac arteries in all patients.

Conclusions
Total endovascular repairs were successfully performed for three patients with AAA and concomitant unilateral EIA occlusions. The proposed steps described in this report might reduce the complication rate and enhance the technical success rate associated with this procedure.
Fast hash functions and convolution product
Authors: Omar Sami , Sabri Houssem 
Published: November 2013

Abstract.
We propose a new simple and efficient family of hash functions based on matrix-vector multiplications with a competitive software implementation. The hash design combines a hard mathematical problem based on solving a system of linear equations with special-random requirements and the fast computation of the convolution product algorithm. Such a mixing was often unrealizable.
For security, the one-way and collision resistant criteria are based on the fact that inverting the compression function for random values is infeasible in reasonable time. In a subsequent result, we conjecture a general framework for producing secure matrix multiplication hash functions.
Influenza vaccine and learning in C57BL mice with an acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Kosanovic Dejana , Stojkovic Aleksandra , Maslovaric Irina , Vukov Natasa , Jovanova-Nesic Katica 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Literature data suggest possible link between influenza vaccination and development of autoimmune processes. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of influenza vaccination on spatial learning in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE was induced in eight-week-old C57BL/6J female mice by subcutaneous immunization (MOG35–55 in complete Freund’s adjuvant) and Pertussis vaccine injected intraperitoneally. Mice were vaccinated with influenza vaccine three days before MOG immunization. The hippocampal-dependent spatial learning test, Morris Water Maze test (MWM), was performed before and after EAE induction. Significant difference (P < 0.05) in the time for completing the Morris Water Maze task was found between mice with mild clinical signs of EAE when compared to other mice. However no significant difference was observed between mice with EAE and mice with EAE that were vaccinated with influenza vaccine. Hippocampal tissue lesions in EAE mice are in correlation with memory impairment. Study shows no influence of influenza vaccine on progression of clinical signs of EAE, spatial learning and memory impairment.
Claves
Authors: Roumette Monique 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- Presentation of a serie of four documentary films directed by Atahualpa Lichy and produced by the french Foreign Affairs Ministry between 1980 and 1984 for a diffusion through the french cultural centers in South America.
The films stand as a critical review of the latin-american cinema through a confrontation of the film makers and their films. Reciprocical influence between this cinema and the european culture.
Empowering media citizenship through educommunication
Authors: Gozálvez-Pérez Vicent , Contreras-Pulido Paloma 
Published: November 2013

This article analyses the different meanings of the citizenship concept (political, legal, social, economic, ecological and intercultural) in order to justify the current media citizenship concept, which is particularly useful and valid for media education. The ultimate goal is to rebuild the social, ethical and political dimension of educommunication on a practical and philosophical foundation. With this in mind, we have analysed two very powerful and current ap proaches, the ethics of dialogue and ability, mainly because of their links to communication and their contribution to the human development concept, which is on the media education agendas of international organizations such as UNESCO or the European Commission. From the philosophical foundation proposed, the criteria for evaluating and reconstructing the practical dimension of educommunication are: civic participation, freedom as development and critical autonomy, which are also considered goals of the educational systems in pluralistic and democratic societies, especially from a model of deliberate and participatory democracy. The paper concludes with a positive evaluation of interdisciplinary approach in the study of media education, an educational project that is crucial for the revival of civil society and the empowerment of citizens in the current communicative context.
En el presente artículo se analiza el concepto de ciudadanía en sus diferentes significaciones (ciudadanía política, jurídica, social, económica, ecológica e intercultural), con el fin de justificar la actualidad del concepto de ciudadanía mediática, sobre todo por su validez en el ámbito de la educomunicación. El objetivo último es reconstruir la dimensión social, ética y política de la educomunicación a partir de un fundamento filosófico práctico. En esta tarea de fundamentación, cabe apelar a dos enfoques muy potentes en la actualidad como son la ética dialógica y el enfoque de las capacidades, por su vinculación con el ámbito comunicativo y por su contribución a la noción del desarrollo humano, presente en los programas de educación mediática de organismos internacionales como la UNESCO o la Comisión Europea. A partir de la fundamentación filosófica ofrecida, los criterios para evaluar y reconstruir la dimensión práctica de la educomunicación son la participación cívica, la libertad como desarrollo y la autonomía crítica, consideradas asimismo como fines de los sistemas educativos en sociedades plurales y democráticas, sobre todo desde un modelo deliberativo y participativo de democracia. Tras esta argumentación, el artículo concluye a favor de la interdisciplinariedad en el estudio de la educación mediática, un proyecto educativo que es crucial para la reactivación de la sociedad civil y el empoderamiento de la ciudadanía en el actual contexto comunicativo.
Integrated outsourcing transforms and increases R&D productivity
Authors: Levy Henry 
Published: November 2013

Pharmaceutical companies are actively exploring new sourcing strategies to address the continuing decline in R&D productivity. Fragmented outsourcing has not sufficiently solved the problem, so leaders are moving toward an integrated sourcing model that blends control of the development pipeline with the economies of scalable outsourcing. While many pharmaceutical companies recognize the potential value of this approach, few are prepared to fully exploit it. Accenture has identified four criteria to help pharmaceutical companies successfully increase R&D productivity through integrated outsourcing. Making the necessary changes will not be easy, and individual companies will have to determine the appropriate roadmap they each need to use.Â Â
Access to justice: evaluating law, health and human rights programmes in Kenya
Authors: Gruskin Sofia , Safreed‐Harmon Kelly , Ezer Tamar , Gathumbi Anne , Cohen Jonathan , Kameri‐Mbote Patricia 
Published: November 2013

IntroductionIn Kenya, human rights violations have a marked impact on the health of people living with HIV. Integrating legal literacy and legal services into healthcare appears to be an effective strategy to empower vulnerable groups and address underlying determinants of health.MethodsWe carried out an evaluation to collect evidence about the impact of legal empowerment programmes on health and human rights. The evaluation focused on Open Society Foundation‐supported legal integration activities at four sites: the Academic Model of Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) facility, where the Legal Aid Centre of Eldoret (LACE) operates, in Eldoret; Kenyatta National Hospital's Gender‐based Violence Recovery Centre, which hosts the COVAW legal integration program; and Christian Health Association of Kenya (CHAK) facilities in Mombasa and Naivasha. In consultation with the organizations implementing the programs, we designed a conceptual logic model grounded in human rights principles, identified relevant indicators and then coded structure, process and outcome indicators for the rights‐related principles they reflect. The evaluation included a resource assessment questionnaire, a review of program records and routine data, and semi‐structured interviews and focus group discussions with clients and service providers. Data were collected in May–August 2010 and April–June 2011.ResultsClients showed a notable increase in practical knowledge and awareness about how to access legal aid and claim their rights, as well as an enhanced ability to communicate with healthcare providers and to improve their access to healthcare and justice. In turn, providers became more adept at identifying human rights violations and other legal difficulties, which enabled them to give clients basic information about their rights, refer them to legal aid and assist them in accessing needed support. Methodological challenges in evaluating such activities point to the need to strengthen rights‐oriented evaluation methods.ConclusionsLegal empowerment programmes have the potential to promote accountability, reduce stigma and discrimination and contribute to altering unjust structures and systems. Given their apparent value as a health and human rights intervention, particularly for marginalized populations, further rigorous evaluations are called for to support the scale‐up of such programmes.
Shortening the selection process for sugarcane
Authors: MAMET L. D. , DOMAINGUE R. 
Published: July 2002

There is a need to shorten the selection process for sugarcane (Saccharum hybrids) in Mauritius in order to improve the efficiency of the varietal improvement programme. On average six to seven ratoon crops are grown in Mauritius and selection for ratooning ability is of major importance. The current selection cycle lasts around 15 years and ratooning ability is tested on five occasions. Data (estimates of sucrose content, cane and sugar yields) from the Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute's selection trials planted in 1986–90, representing 85 trials (9680 genotypes) in Stage 3 (one-line stage) and 141 trials (2620 genotypes) in Stage 4 (two-line stage) were analysed. It was hypothesized that 1st ratoon (1R) data in Stage 3 and 2nd ratoon (2R) in Stage 4 were effectively redundant and that the cycle could be shortened by two years without loss of precision. Repeatability estimates, between plant cane (P) and the mean of P and 1R (P + 1R) in Stage 3, and between (P + 1R) and the mean of plant cane, 1st and 2nd ratoon (P + 1R + 2R) in Stage 4, were found to be positive and highly significant for all characters indicating that the extra ratoon data were unnecessary.Present and proposed selection scenarios were studied further using differential-selection methodology. The coincidence indices (CI) obtained with the two scenarios were extremely high (63–82% in Stage 3 and 91–96% in Stage 4) again indicating that the additional ratoon data were not cost effective. Realized gains from selection in Stage 4 based on (P + 1R + 2R) as opposed to (P + 1R) were shown to be small or even negative. The results concur extremely well with published data from Australia and the USA. It was therefore recommended that the cycle be reduced by two years and that the resources be more usefully allocated to test genotypes over more sites and more replicates.
THE TRAVAILS OF ZIONISM
Authors: LEVENE MARK 
Published: July 2002

Zionist culture and West European Jewry before the First World

War. By Michael Berkowitz.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Pp. xviii+255. ISBN 0-521-42072-5.

£29.95.The kibbutz movement. A history. Volume I. Origins and

growth, 1909–1939. By Henry Near.

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. Pp. xviii+431. ISBN 0-197-10069-4.

£55.00.The road to power: Herut party in Israel. By Yonathan Shapiro.

New York: State University

of New York Press, 1995. Pp. vi+208. ISBN 0-794-06067. $12.95.The partition of Palestine, decision crossroads in the Zionist

movement. By Itzhak Galnoor. New

York: State University of New York Press, 1991. Pp. ix+379. ISBN 0-791-42193-7.

$21.95.Genealogies of conflict: class, identity and state in

Palestine/Israel and South Africa. By Ran

Greenstein. Hanover, NH and London: Wesleyan University Press and University

Press of New England, 1995. ISBN 0-819-55288-7. $27.25.
EXEMPLARINESS AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Authors: CLARK CHRISTOPHER 
Published: July 2002

Devising liberty: preserving and creating freedom in the new
American
republic. Edited by David
Thomas Konig. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995. Pp. xiv+383.

£35.00. ISBN 0-804-72536-5Benjamin Lincoln and the American revolution. By David B. Mattern.

Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1995. Pp. xii+307. $39.95.
ISBN 1-570-03068-5The devious Dr. Franklin, colonial agent. Benjamin Franklin's
years in
London. By David T. Morgan. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1996.

Pp. xii+273. $34.95. ISBN 0-865-54525-1General Richard Montgomery and the American revolution: from redcoat
to rebel.
By Hal T. Shelton. New York: New York University Press, 1994. Pp. xiv+245.
$45.00. ISBN
0-814-77975-1The role of instructive, heroic, and exemplary themes in accounts of
great national
events has a complex history of its own. American independence and its
aftermath
provide rich examples. Ever since the events themselves, conventional and
popular
accounts have either featured individuals as heroes or role models, or
dwelt on the
struggle for values such as liberty and democracy. These traditions became
so deeply
rooted in patterns of discourse that academic historians have never been
able to avoid
engaging with them. Countless studies have embodied or responded to some
kind of
patriotic or hagiographic purpose, and such concerns to different degrees
underlie the
works under discussion here. The ‘new’ cultural history, however,

has sparked a fresh interest in the ‘exemplary’ as a cultural

construction in itself, and an increasing number
of scholars are engaged in tracing the creation of image and identity,
reputation and
memory. All the works here touch on this concern, too, though they fall
short of
embracing the new agenda fully. Taken together, they illustrate the instability
of what
might be called the ‘traditional exemplary’: certainty that

a historical episode or figure
can illustrate an ideal principle or characteristic.
INTERWAR AMERICAN HISTORIES: LEFT,
RIGHT, AND WRONG
Authors: HARRIS HOWELL JOHN 
Published: July 2002

Purchasing power: consumer organizing, gender, and the
Seattle labor movement, 1919–1929. By
Dana Frank. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Pp. xii+349.
ISBN 0-521-38367-6. £50.00. Paperback 0-521-46714-4. £16.95.New Deals: business, labor, and politics in America, 1920–1935.

By Colin Gordon. New York:
Cambridge University Press, 1994. Pp. xii+329. ISBN 0-521-45122-1. £40.00.

Paperback 0-521-45755-6. £15.95.The long war: the intellectual People's Front and anti-Stalinism,

1930–1940. By Judy Kutulas.
Durham: Duke University Press, 1995. Pp. xiv+334. ISBN 0-8223-1526-2. $39.95

Paperback 0-8223-1524-6. £16.95.The invisible empire in the West: toward a new historical
appraisal of the Ku Klux Klan of the
1920s. Ed. by Shawn Lay. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992.
Pp. 230.
ISBN 0-252-01832-X. $32.50.‘We are all leaders’: the alternative unionism of
the early 1930s. Ed. by Staughton Lynd.
Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1996. Pp. 343. ISBN 0-252-02243-2.
$44.95
Paperback 0-252-06547-6. $17.95.Stalin's famine and Roosevelt's recognition of Russia.

By M. Wayne Morris. Lanham, MD:
University Press of America, 1994. Pp. ix+224. ISBN 0-8191-9379-8. $34.50.Building a democratic political order: reshaping American
liberalism in the 1930s and 1940s. By
David Plotke. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. xi+388.
ISBN 0-521-42059-8. £40.00.Forging new freedoms; nativism, education, and the constitution,

1917–1927. By William G. Ross.
Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994. Pp. x+277. ISBN 0-8032-3900-9.
$35.Liberals and communism: the ‘red decade’ revisited.

By Frank A. Warren. New York:
Columbia University Press, 1993; originally published 1966. Pp. xxiii+276.

ISBN 0-231-08444-7. $45.00. Paperback 0-231-08445-5. $19.00.Frank, Lay et al., and Ross all deal with the aftermath of the United
States's brief
involvement in the First World War, and some of its enduring effects –
political reaction
with devastating results for the labour movement and progressive politics,
brutalization
of America's then-normal nativism, directed at members of the recent
immigrant
communities making up about a third of its population.
DRESSING UP: CLOTHING, CLASS AND GENDER
IN POST-ABOLITION ZANZIBAR
Authors: FAIR LAURA 
Published: July 2002

Pemba PerembaUkija na winda, hutoka na kilembaUkija na kilemba, hutoka na winda.(Proceed cautiously in PembaIf you come wearing a loin cloth, you leave wearing a turbanIf you come wearing a turban, you leave wearing a loin cloth.)Dress has historically been used as one of the most important and visually
immediate markers of class, status and ethnicity in East African coastal
society. As one of many forms of expressive culture, clothing practice
shaped
and gave form to social bodies. Examining transformations in dress and
fashion illustrates, however, that boundaries between theoretically distinctive
social categories were often vague in practice.
ISLAM AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOCIAL IDENTITY IN THE
NINETEENTH-CENTURY SAHARA
Authors: CLEAVELAND TIMOTHY 
Published: July 2002

Early in the twentieth century, French and British colonial scholars

developed rigid, descent-based models of African pastoral societies. These

models emphasized stasis partly because the scholars relied on unrepresentative

samples of the pastoralists' views of their own societies, and
partly because the scholars simply misinterpreted data. By the 1970s
anthropologists had radically revised these models, arguing that although

pastoralists generally defined themselves in terms of descent, their societies

were nevertheless quite dynamic. In their view, descent was an idiom of

social discourse; while pastoral societies may have operated according
to the
idiom in the past, the economic changes brought about by colonialism had

ruptured the connection between the ideology and social practice. More

recently, historians have begun to argue that pastoral societies were also

dynamic before colonialism, and that there was great flexibility in the
ways
pastoralists reckoned social identities.This essay draws on evidence from the nineteenth-century western Sahara

to argue that pastoral societies were dynamic long before the colonial
period,
and that many Saharans perceived their society in this way. This evidence

was neglected by the early colonial scholars and many post-colonial anthropologists

in favor of those descriptions that emphasized stasis. Saharan
accounts that described social dynamism were often based on the explicitly

Islamic model of the Prophet Muhammad and his diverse community of
supporters. This model, then and throughout Islamic history, has offered

the possibility of social improvement, and therein lies the explanation
for
why some Saharans interpreted society as static while others saw it as

dynamic. Social models that fix groups into specific ranks according to

descent serve the interests of those at the higher ranks, while dynamic

models serve to legitimize social mobility.