bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penser, classer, exclure
Authors: Mangeot Philippe 
Published: October 2014

Résumé Il faut critiquer les catégories communes, bien sûr, mais pas les mépriser. Il y en a de très bêtes : elles semblent l’être à proportion de leur effort pour sauver sinon la lettre, du moins l’esprit de la loi de 1970. Mais elles trahissent parfois, malgré elles, un travail de l’imaginaire qui pourrait nous inspirer, s’il acceptait de se rapprocher de nos pratiques, de nos corps et de nos sens, et s’il s’assumait pleinement comme un exposé de préférences, une esthétique des plaisirs, ou une politique de la perception. Bref, comment jeter l’eau du bain...
Aigreurs naturelles et drogues de synthèse
Authors: Sanchez Gérald 
Published: October 2014

Résumé	C’est toujours la même chose : dès qu’une minorité se découvre sujet de l’Histoire, elle se cherche une histoire. Oh pas une histoire savante - les spécialistes s’en chargent -, ni une quête de l’origine. Non, l’historiographie des usagers de drogues relève plutôt du vol, ou du racket. Pillage tous azimuts (des manuels d’alchimie, de la pharmacie de Freud, des éprouvettes de Rhône-Poulenc), revendication de propriété sans titre (ni médical, ni scientifique, ni industriel), et justice de pauvre : « dites-nous ce que vous savez, ou nous disons à tous ce que nous savons. »
Non-topography–guided PRK Combined With CXL for the Correction of Refractive Errors in Patients With Early Stage Keratoconus
Authors: Fadlallah Ali , Dirani Ali , Chelala Elias , Antonios Rafic , Cherfan George , Jarade Elias 
Published: October 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the safety and clinical outcome of combined non-topography–guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) for the treatment of mild refractive errors in patients with early stage keratoconus.

METHODS:
A retrospective, nonrandomized study of patients with early stage keratoconus (stage 1 or 2) who underwent simultaneous non-topography–guided PRK and CXL. All patients had at least 2 years of follow-up. Data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively at the 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up visit after combined non-topography–guided PRK and CXL.

RESULTS:

Seventy-nine patients (140 eyes) were included in the study. Combined non-topography–guided PRK and CXL induced a significant improvement in both visual acuity and refraction. Uncorrected distance visual acuity significantly improved from 0.39 ± 0.22 logMAR before combined non-topography–guided PRK and CXL to 0.12 ± 0.14 logMAR at the last follow-up visit (
P
<.001) and corrected distance visual acuity remained stable (0.035 ± 0.062 logMAR preoperatively vs 0.036 ± 0.058 logMAR postoperatively,
P
=.79). The mean spherical equivalent decreased from −1.78 ± 1.43 to −0.42 ± 0.60 diopters (D) (
P
<.001), and the mean cylinder decreased from 1.47 ± 1.10 to 0.83 ± 0.55 D (
P
<.001). At the last follow-up visit mean keratometry flat was 43.30 ± 1.75 vs 45.62 ± 1.72 D preoperatively (
P
= .03) and mean keratometry steep was 44.39 ± 3.14 vs 46.53 ± 2.13 D preoperatively (
P
= .02). Mean central corneal thickness decreased from 501.74 ± 13.11 to 475.93 ± 12.25 µm following combined non-topography–guided PRK and CXL (
P
< .001). No intraoperative complications occurred. Four eyes developed mild haze that responded well to a short course of topical steroids. No eye developed infectious keratitis.

CONCLUSIONS:
Combined non-topography–guided PRK and CXL is an effective and safe option for correcting mild refractive error and improving visual acuity in patients with early stable keratoconus.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(10):688–693.]
Additive Effect of Repeated Corneal Collagen Cross-linking in Keratoconus
Authors: Hafezi Farhad , Tabibian David , Richoz Olivier 
Published: October 2014

PURPOSE:
To report the long-term clinical outcome in a patient diagnosed as having bilateral progressive keratoconus who received a single corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) treatment in the right eye and repeated CXL in the left eye.

METHODS:

Observational case report. Topographical changes were assessed by high-resolution Scheimpflug imaging. The right eye underwent a standard epithelium-off CXL procedure in February 2008, followed by the left eye 4 weeks later. In 2012, the left eye was treated with CXL for a second time. Irradiation was performed in all cases at a fluence of 5.4 J/cm
2
. Energy settings were 30 minutes @ 3 mW/cm
2
for the CXL procedures performed in 2008, and 10 minutes @ 9 mW/cm
2
for the second CXL procedure of the left eye that was performed in 2012.

RESULTS:
The right eye that underwent a single CXL procedure showed a flattening of keratometry values between 2008 and 2012, followed by stabilization. The left eye showed a similar flattening effect between 2008 and 2012, followed by another flattening effect after the second CXL procedure and accompanied by a distinct increase in corrected distance visual acuity.

CONCLUSIONS:
Following repeated CXL, the corneal stroma and endothelium remained inconspicuous, and postoperative haze and visibility of the stromal demarcation line was similar to what is usually observed after a single CXL procedure. Whether the additive flattening effect of the anterior surface observed in this single case goes along with an additive increase in biomechanical stiffness remains to be seen.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(10):716–718.]
Comparative Analysis of the Visual Performance After Cataract Surgery With Implantation of a Bifocal or Trifocal Diffractive IOL
Authors: Mojzis Peter , Kukuckova Lucia , Majerova Katarina , Liehneova Katerina , Piñero David P. 
Published: October 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate and compare the visual, refractive, contrast sensitivity, and aberrometric outcomes with a diffractive bifocal and trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) of the same material and haptic design.

METHODS:
Sixty eyes of 30 patients undergoing bilateral cataract surgery were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two groups: the bifocal group, including 30 eyes implanted with the bifocal diffractive IOL AT LISA 801 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany), and the trifocal group, including eyes implanted with the trifocal diffractive IOL AT LISA tri 839 MP (Carl Zeiss Meditec). Analysis of visual and refractive outcomes, contrast sensitivity, ocular aberrations (OPD-Scan III; Nidek, Inc., Gagamori, Japan), and defocus curve were performed during a 3-month follow-up period.

RESULTS:

No statistically significant differences between groups were found in 3-month postoperative uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (
P
⩾ .21). However, uncorrected, corrected, and distance-corrected near and intermediate visual acuities were significantly better in the trifocal group (
P
< .01). No significant differences between groups were found in postoperative spherical equivalent (
P
= .22). In the binocular defocus curve, the visual acuity was significantly better for defocus of −0.50 to −1.50 diopters in the trifocal group (
P
⩽ .04) and −3.50 to −4.00 diopters in the bifocal group (
P
⩽ .03). No statistically significant differences were found between groups in most of the postoperative corneal, internal, and ocular aberrations (
P
⩾ .31), and in contrast sensitivity for most frequencies analyzed (
P
⩾ .15).

CONCLUSIONS:
Trifocal diffractive IOLs provide significantly better intermediate vision over bifocal IOLs, with equivalent postoperative levels of visual and ocular optical quality.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(10):666–672.]
Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of the Anterior Lens Capsule Following Manual Capsulorhexis and Femtosecond Laser Capsulotomy
Authors: Sándor Gábor L. , Kiss Zoltán , Bocskai Zoltán I. , Kolev Krasimir , Takács Ágnes I. , Juhász Éva , Kránitz Kinga , Tóth Gábor , Gyenes Andrea , Bojtár Imre , Juhász Tibor , Nagy Zoltán Z. 
Published: October 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate and compare the mechanical properties of anterior capsule openings performed with the continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) technique and femtosecond laser capsulotomy (FLC) in ex vivo porcine lens capsule specimens.

METHODS:
Fresh porcine eyes were included in the study (CCC group, n = 50; FLC group, n = 30). The capsule openings were stretched with universal testing equipment until they ruptured. The rupture force and circumference stretching ratio were evaluated. The morphologic profile of the cut capsule edges was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

RESULTS:

The average rupture force was higher in the CCC group (median: 155 mN; interquartile range [IQR]: 129 to 201 mN; range: 71 to 294 mN) than in the FLC group (median: 119 mN; IQR: 108 to 128 mN; range: 91 to 142 mN) (
P
< .01, Mann–Whitney
U
test). The average circumference stretching ratio in the CCC group was greater (median: 150%; IQR: 146% to 156%; range: 136% to 161%) than in the FLC group (median: 148%; IQR: 145% to 150%; range: 141% to 154%) (
P
= .0468, Mann–Whitney
U
test). When less than 71 mN, no capsular tear occurred in either group. When less than 91 mN, no capsular tear occurred in the FLC group, whereas at 91 mN, the probability of capsular tears was 9% for the CCC group. SEM examination found that the CCC group had smooth edges, whereas those of the FLC group were gently serrated.

CONCLUSIONS:
According to the current results in a porcine eye model, FLC had less average resistance to capsule tear than CCC, but the weakest openings were seen in the CCC group.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2014;30(10):660–664.]
Pneumatic Retinopexy for Retinal Detachment Occurring After Prior Scleral Buckle or Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Modi Yasha S. , Townsend Justin , Epstein Aliza E. , Smiddy William E. , Flynn Harry W. 
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To report outcomes of pneumatic retinopexy (PR) for retinal detachment (RD) occurring after prior scleral buckling surgery (SB) or pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Single-center study evaluating all patients treated between January 2000 and March 2013.

RESULTS:
Ten eyes underwent PR after prior SB. Nine of these 10 eyes had persistent subretinal fluid posterior to the buckle in the setting of an open break on the scleral buckle. The mean time to PR in these cases was 8.5 days after SB. PR achieved anatomic reattachment in eight of 10 eyes, but two of 10 eyes required additional PPV to achieve retinal reattachment. Seven eyes underwent PR after prior PPV. The average time to RD after PPV was 67 days (range: 15–232 days). The location of the break was superior in four eyes, horizontal in two, and inferior in one. Anatomic reattachment with PR alone occurred in four of seven eyes (57%).

CONCLUSION:
In the setting of recurrent RD after initial SB, pneumatic retinopexy was usually successful in the early postoperative course. In the setting of a new-onset RD after PPV, pneumatic retinopexy was a useful option, but recurrent RD was more common.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:409–413.]
Two Novel Gain-of-Function Mutations of STAT1 Responsible for Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Disease: Impaired Production of IL-17A and IL-22, and the Presence of Anti–IL-17F Autoantibody
Authors: Yamazaki Yasuhiro , Yamada Masafumi , Kawai Toshinao , Morio Tomohiro , Onodera Masafumi , Ueki Masahiro , Watanabe Nobuyuki , Takada Hidetoshi , Takezaki Shunichiro , Chida Natsuko , Kobayashi Ichiro , Ariga Tadashi 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Heterozygous gain-of-function (GOF) mutations of STAT1 are responsible for chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis disease (CMCD), one of the primary immunodeficiency diseases characterized by susceptibility to mucocutaneous Candida infection. To date, 30 aa changes have been reported: 21 in the coiled-coil domain and 9 in the DNA-binding domain. In this study, we report two novel STAT1 GOF mutations of p.K278E in coiled-coil domain and p.G384D in DNA-binding domain in Japanese CMCD patients. Ectopic expression of these STAT1 mutants in HeLa cells was associated with increased phosphorylation of the mutant and the endogenous wild-type STAT1 due to impaired dephosphorylation, indicating heterodimers of the wild-type and mutant STAT1 cause impaired dephosphorylation, as did homodimers of the mutants. Because IL-17A production was not significantly reduced at least in one of the patients following PMA plus ionomycin stimulation, we further studied Th17-associated cytokines IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 in response to more physiologically relevant stimulations. IL-17A and IL-22 production from PBMCs and CD4+ cells was significantly reduced in four patients with STAT1 GOF mutations, including the previously reported R274Q in response to anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 Abs or Candida stimulations. In contrast, IL-17F production was comparable to healthy controls in response to anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 Abs stimulation. These results indicate impaired production of IL-17A and IL-22 rather than IL-17F was associated with the development of CMCD in these patients. Additionally, only the anti–IL-17F autoantibody was detected in sera from 11 of 17 patients with STAT1 GOF mutations, which may be useful as a marker for this disease.
Palliative care for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Douglas CA 
Published: October 2014

Over the past three decades there has been a dramatic rise in the number of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. The fastest expanding group receiving dialysis has been the elderly. However, for those patients who are very elderly with co-morbidity, dialysis may not offer a survival advantage. Therefore, active conservative management is a growing service offered by many renal units in the UK and focuses on non-dialytic correction of fluid and electrolyes, management of renal anaemia, and assessment and management of symptoms. The five-year survival of a patient over 75 years of age starting dialysis is 20% and if a patient is over 75 years, has co-morbidity, or a poor performance status, dialysis may not offer any survival advantage. Whether a patient is managed by dialysis or by conservative management the symptom burden suffered is high. These symptoms are under-recognised and often managed poorly because of increased drug toxicity in renal failure. This complex group of patients require close working between renal, palliative care, medicine for the elderly, and community teams, to allow best quality of life and end of life care. This review describes some of the challenges in providing Advanced Care Planning for dialysis and conservatively managed patients, highlights the symptom burden of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, and offers guidance in how to manage the symptoms effectively.
Hepatic Dysfunction Contributes to Coagulation Disturbances in Patients Undergoing whole Body Hyperthermia by Use of Extracorporeal Circulation
Authors: Worel Nina , Knöbl Paul , Karanikas Georgios , Fuchs Eva-Maria , Bojic Andja , Brodowicz Thomas , Jilma Petra , Zielinski Christoph C. , Köstler Wolfgang J. , Locker Gottfried J. 
Published: October 2014

Purpose This phase I study was performed to evaluate coagulation alterations during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) induced whole body hyperthermia (WBHT) in 12 patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas. Methods To distinguish between effects of normothermic ECC and ECC-WBHT, blood samples were drawn at different time points: at baseline, after 30 min on normothermic ECC, at the end of the heating period, and 24 h and 7 days thereafter. Standard coagulation tests, coagulation factors, thrombelastography, platelets and reticulated platelets, liver enzymes, and scintigraphic platelet imaging were performed. Results Normothermic ECC resulted in coagulation alterations most likely due to systemic anticoagulation. Induction of hyperthermia caused thrombocytopenia, increased fibrin degradation products, prolonged clotting times, alteration in coagulation factors, and increased liver enzymes. The majority of these effects was most pronounced 24 h after ECC-WBHT. In addition, late liver sequestration of platelets was demonstrated in scintigraphic imaging at that time point. Conclusions Temporal correlation between hemostatic alterations and elevation in liver enzymes leads to the assumption that liver impairment might play a crucial role in coagulation disturbances observed during ECC-WBHT and thereafter, thus strongly supported by liver sequestration of platelets. Therefore a close monitoring of hepatic derived coagulation alterations in patients undergoing extracorporeal whole body hypothermia is warranted.
The Effect of Pulsatile Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Lung Function in Elderly Patients
Authors: Engels Gerwin E. , Dodonov Mikhail , Rakhorst Gerhard , van Oeveren Willem , Milano Aldo D. , Gu Y. John , Faggian Giuseppe 
Published: October 2014

Purpose Cardiopulmonary bypass is still a major cause of lung injury and delay in pulmonary recovery after cardiac surgery. Although it has been shown that pulsatile flow induced by intra-aortic balloon pumping is beneficial for preserving lung function, it is not clear if the same beneficial effect can be accomplished with pulsatile flow generated in the extracorporeal circuit. Therefore, we investigated the effect of pulsatile flow, produced by a centrifugal pump, on lung function in elderly patients. Methods Serial measurements of lung biomarkers Clara cell 16 kD protein, surfactant protein D, and elastase were performed on blood samples from 37 elderly patients (≥75 years) who underwent elective aortic valve replacement surgery with CPB, either with pulsatile perfusion or continuous perfusion. Pulmonary function was assessed by postoperative ventilation time, the arterial blood oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2), the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (Aa-O2 gradient) and the pulmonary vascular resistance indexed by body surface area (PVRi). Results There was no difference in lung function between both groups, as assessed by the postoperative ventilation time, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio, and the Aa-O2 gradient. The PVRi, however, was significantly lower in the pulsatile perfusion group 15 mins after the administration of protamine (p<0.05). The plasma concentrations of the lung biomarkers increased during surgery and peaked at 1 h ICU, there were however no differences between groups. Conclusions Pulsatile flow does not seem beneficial to postoperative lung function in elderly patients. Moreover, pulsatile flow does not affect lung function on a subclinical level as assessed by lung biomarkers.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Graft Failure after Heart Transplantation: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Maximize Weaning Rate
Authors: Santise Gianluca , Panarello Giovanna , Ruperto Cettina , Turrisi Marco , Pilato Gerlando , Giunta Andrea , Sciacca Sergio , Pilato Michele 
Published: October 2014

Objectives Primary graft failure (PGF) after heart transplantation is a detrimental complication, and carries high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to analyze the results of our multidisciplinary approach in supporting patients affected with PGF after heart transplantation. Methods Out of 114 consecutive patients receiving orthotopic heart transplantation between January 2006 and July 2013, 18 (15.7%) developed PGF requiring veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (VA-ECMO) support. Fourteen patients were male and the mean age was 49 ± 11 years. General principles in treating the patients were based on a low dose of adrenaline (0.05 mic/kg per min) infusion; femoral intra-aortic balloon pump (13 of the 18 patients); low dose of vasoconstrictors; careful fluid balance; daily echocardiographic transesophageal monitoring. Results Mean graft recipient pulmonary vascular resistance was 3.6 ± 3.2 WU. Five patients had absolute contraindication to IABP placement. The mean left ventricle ejection fraction pre-VA-ECMO was 18.4% ± 10.2%. The mean VA-ECMO and IABP support times were 6.7 ± 3.2 and 9.2 ± 7.6 days, respectively. Mean VA-ECMO flow was 4164 ± 679 l/min. The mean left ventricle ejection fraction increased to 43.4% ± 17.7% at the end of support. Weaning and discharge rates in patients treated with VA-ECMO+IABP were 84% and 53%, respectively. Causes of death were primarily end-stage organ failure. Conclusions A multidisciplinary evaluation of ECMO patients done by intensivists, cardiologists, and surgeons may influence weaning and survival rate. Our approach seems to be a safe and reproducible strategy for avoiding left ventricle distension and fluid overload, and for detecting complications that negatively affect outcomes.
The Local Landscape Effects of a Regional Water System in Artas, 1850–1948
Authors: Khalaf Marwan Abu 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
This article explores one of the most important technical achievements in the history of Palestine: the establishment of a water system centered in the Artas Valley. It was exceptionally important not only because it provided water to Jerusalem, but this system also continued working for over 2,000 years, expanding to over 40 km in its final stage of use. Its existence changed the cultural landscape of the region, including the development of settlements on both sides of the canals and increased agriculture due to the availability of water for irrigation. Through an analysis of primary and secondary sources, a clear picture is formed of how this resource was crucial to the development of the Artas Valley during the late Ottoman and British Mandate periods.
Archaeological Site Damage in the Cycle of War and Peace:: A Syrian Case Study
Authors: Cunliffe Emma 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThis article compares the damage sustained to sites in Syria during 50 years of peace with that recorded during the recent conflict. A methodology is presented to analyze peacetime site damage using remote assessment of sites on sequential satellite imagery and site damage during conflict from media sources, together with samples of the results achieved. The findings are compared to begin to draw out similarities and differences in how site damage occurs in war and peace, what factors affect it, and some of the key challenges sites now face.
Regulering na Lehman
Authors: Riekerk C. 
Published: October 2014

Regulering na Lehman
Dit artikel bevat een overzicht van relevante regelgeving die tot stand is gekomen naar aanleiding van (de lessen uit) het faillissement van Lehman Brothers. Het overzicht kent een onderverdeling in vier categorieën. Te weten ‘toezicht en systeem’, ‘soliditeit’, ‘transparantie’ en ‘integriteit en kwaliteit’. Op basis van het overzicht wordt een aantal trends gesignaleerd met betrekking tot de beschreven regelgeving.
Financial Transaction Tax (FTT): de gevolgen van de extraterritoriale werking voor Nederlandse financiële instellingen
Authors: Adema R.P.C. 
Published: October 2014

Financial Transaction Tax (FTT): de gevolgen van de extraterritoriale werking voor Nederlandse financiële instellingen
Op 14 februari 2013 heeft de Europese Commissie een herziene versie gepubliceerd van het voorstel voor een gemeenschappelijk systeem voor de heffing van FTT. Nederland doet hier vooralsnog niet aan mee. Desalniettemin kunnen Nederlandse financiële instellingen – en de spaarproducten en oudedagsvoorzieningen van deze instellingen – wel worden getroffen door de FTT. Dit komt door de territoriale werking van het voorstel. In deze bijdrage worden de gevolgen hiervan uiteengezet.