bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change in Pd/Pa: Clinical Implications for Predicting Future Cardiac Events at Deferred Coronary Lesions
Authors: Murai Kota , Kataoka Yu , Kiyoshige Eri , Iwai Takamasa , Sawada Kenichiro , Matama Hideo , Miura Hiroyuki , Honda Satoshi , Fujino Masashi , Yoneda Shuichi , Nakao Kazuhiro , Takagi Kensuke , Otsuka Fumiyuki , Asaumi Yasuhide , Nishimura Kunihiro , Noguchi Teruo 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Cardiovascular events still occur at intermediate stenosis with fractional flow reserve (FFR) ≥0.81, underscoring the additional measure to evaluate this residual risk. A reduction in distal coronary artery pressure/aortic pressure (Pd/Pa) from baseline to hyperemia (ie, change in Pd/Pa) reflects lipidic burden within vessel walls. We hypothesized that this physiological measure might stratify the risk of future cardiac events at deferrable lesions.

METHODS:
Lesion- (899 intermediate lesions) and patient-based (899 deferred patients) analyses in those with FFR ≥0.81 were conducted to investigate the association between change in Pd/Pa and target lesion failure (TLF) and major adverse cardiac events at 7 years, respectively.

RESULTS:

The occurrence of TLF and major adverse cardiac events was 6.7% and 13.4%, respectively. The incidence of target lesion–related nonfatal myocardial infarction was 0.6%. Lesions with TLF had a greater change in Pd/Pa (0.11±0.03 versus 0.09±0.04;
P
=0.002), larger diameter stenosis (51.0±9.2% versus 46.4±12.4%;
P
=0.048), and smaller FFR (0.84 [0.82–0.87] versus 0.86 [0.83–0.90];
P
=0.02). Change in Pd/Pa (per 0.01 increase) predicted TLF (odds ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.05–1.28];
P
=0.002) and major adverse cardiac event (odds ratio, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.01–1.16];
P
=0.03). Lesions with change in Pd/Pa ≥0.10 had 2.94- and 1.85-fold greater likelihood of TLF (95% CI, 1.30–6.69;
P
=0.01) and major adverse cardiac event (95% CI, 1.08–3.17;
P
=0.03), respectively. Lesions with FFR ≤0.85 had a substantially higher likelihood of TLF when there is a change in Pd/Pa ≥0.10 (12.4% versus 2.9%; hazard ratio, 3.60 [95% CI, 1.01–12.80];
P
=0.04). However, change in Pd/Pa did not affect TLF risk in lesions with FFR ≥0.86 (3.8% versus 3.7%; hazard ratio, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.06–5.62];
P
=0.62).

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite deferrable FFR values, lesions and patients with a change in Pd/Pa ≥0.10 had higher cardiovascular risk. Change in Pd/Pa might help stratify lesion- and patient-level risks of future cardiac events in those with FFR ≥0.81.
Differential Effect of Sex on Mortality According to Age in Heart Failure
Authors: Lee Yoonpyo , Yoon Minjae , Choi Dong‐Ju , Park Jin Joo 
Published: July 2024

Background
Heart failure exhibits sex‐based differences in prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. However, these differences may have an interaction with age. This study investigates these disparities in Asian patients with acute heart failure according to age.

Methods and Results

We pooled data from the KorHF (Korea Heart Failure) and the KorAHF (Korean Acute Heart Failure) registries including 3200 patients between 2005 and 2009 and 5625 patients between 2011 and 2014, respectively, hospitalized for acute heart failure in Korea. Patients were categorized by their age into 2 groups: those with age ≥70 years and those with age <70 years. The primary endpoint was in‐hospital and postdischarge outcomes according to sex, stratified by age. Of 8825 patients, 45.7% had an age <70 years, and 54.3% had an age ≥70 years. Women were older on average in both groups. Differences in baseline characteristics were more apparent in the older group, with women having a higher prevalence of hypertension and valvular heart disease, whereas more men had chronic kidney disease, previous myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and strokes. Both in‐hospital and postdischarge mortalities showed differences only in the older group, with men dying more (5.08% versus 7.41%,
P
<0.001; 17.95% versus 22.20%,
P
<0.001 respectively). This pattern persisted to adjusted analyses, which revealed that men have a 54% (odds ratio, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.17–2.04]) and 30% (hazard ratio, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.13–1.51]) increased in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality, respectively, compared with women.

Conclusions
In patients hospitalized with acute heart failure, male sex is an independent predictor of mortality in older patients but not younger patients.
Cardiovascular Diseases Increase Cancer Mortality in Adults: NHANES‐Continuous Study
Authors: Makram Omar M. , Okwuosa Tochukwu , Addison Daniel , Cortes Jorge , Dent Susan , Bevel Malcolm , Ganatra Sarju , Al‐Kindi Sadeer , Hedrick Catherine C , Weintraub Neal L , Wang Xiaoling , Guha Avirup 
Published: July 2024

Background
Both cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are the leading causes of death worldwide. Although our previous study detected a relationship between CVD and cancer incidence, limited evidence is available regarding the relationship between CVD, cardiovascular risk factors, and cancer mortality.

Methods and Results

A prospective cohort study using data from the continuous NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2016) merged with Medicare and National Death Index mortality data, through December 31, 2018. We included individuals with no history of cancer at baseline. The primary exposure was CVD at baseline. We also conducted a comprehensive risk factor analysis as secondary exposure. The main outcome was cancer mortality data collected from Medicare and National Death Index. We included 44 591 adult individuals representing 1 738 423 317 individuals (52% female, 67% non‐Hispanic White, and 9% Hispanic). Competing risk modeling showed a significantly higher risk of cancer mortality in individuals with CVD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.37 [95% CI 1.07–1.76],
P
=0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Notably, cancer mortality increased with aging (aHR, 1.08 [95% CI 1.05–1.11],
P
<0.0001), current smoking status (aHR, 6.78 [95% CI, 3.43–13.42],
P
<0.0001), and obesity (aHR, 2.32 [95% CI, 1.13–4.79],
P
=0.02). Finally, a significant interaction (
P
=0.034) was found where those with CVD and obesity showed higher cancer mortality than those with normal body mass index (aHR, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.03–2.91],
P
=0.04).

Conclusions
Our study highlights the close relationship between cardiovascular health and cancer mortality. Our findings suggest that obesity may play a significant role in cancer mortality among individuals with CVD. These findings emphasize the need for a more proactive approach in managing the shared risk factors for CVD and cancer.
Impact of analytic decisions on test–retest reliability of
individual and group estimates in functional magnetic resonance imaging: A
multiverse analysis using the monetary incentive delay task
Authors: Demidenko Michael I. , Mumford Jeanette A. , Poldrack Russell A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Empirical studies reporting low test–retest reliability of individual blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal estimates in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data have resurrected interest among cognitive neuroscientists in methods that may improve reliability in fMRI. Over the last decade, several individual studies have reported that modeling decisions, such as smoothing, motion correction, and contrast selection, may improve estimates of test–retest reliability of BOLD signal estimates. However, it remains an empirical question whether certain analytic decisions consistently improve individual- and group-level reliability estimates in an fMRI task across multiple large, independent samples. This study used three independent samples (Ns: 60, 81, 119) that collected the same task (Monetary Incentive Delay task) across two runs and two sessions to evaluate the effects of analytic decisions on the individual (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC(3,1)]) and group (Jaccard/Spearman rho) reliability estimates of BOLD activity of task fMRI data. The analytic decisions in this study vary across four categories: smoothing kernel (five options), motion correction (four options), task parameterizing (three options), and task contrasts (four options), totaling 240 different pipeline permutations. Across all 240 pipelines, the median ICC estimates are consistently low, with a maximum median ICC estimate of .43 – .55 across the 3 samples. The analytic decisions with the greatest impact on the median ICC and group similarity estimates are the Implicit Baseline contrast, Cue Model parameterization, and a larger smoothing kernel. Using an Implicit Baseline in a contrast condition meaningfully increased group similarity and ICC estimates as compared with using the Neutral cue. This effect was largest for the Cue Model parameterization; however, improvements in reliability came at the cost of interpretability. This study illustrates that estimates of reliability in the MID task are consistently low and variable at small samples, and a higher test–retest reliability may not always improve interpretability of the estimated BOLD signal.
Task-related modulation of event-related potentials does not reflect changes to sensory representations
Authors: Rideaux Reuben 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Attention supports efficient perception by increasing the neural signals of targets while suppressing those of distractors. Decades of work studying the event-related potentials of electroencephalography (EEG) recordings have established our understanding of attention in the human brain, but many aspects of this phenomenon remain unknown. Several recent studies suggest that multivariate analyses may provide new insights into how attention shapes the neural representations of stimuli; however, it is unclear whether the increased multivariate decoding accuracy associated with task relevance represents a change in the stimulus representation or an additional cognitive process. To understand what the change in multivariate information that is associated with task relevance reflects, here we used inverted encoding to characterise how task relevance shapes the neural representation of space and colour. For both spatial and feature-based tasks, we found that the change in the EEG recordings associated with task relevance is not related to the stimulus representation. Rather, our findings indicate that this phenomenon reflects an additional cognitive process, such as target recognition.
Reconstruction of Arctic Sea Ice Thickness and Its Impact on Sea Ice Forecasting in the Melting Season
Authors: Yang Lu , Fu Hongli , Luo Xiaofan , Zhang Xuefeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Generally, sea ice prediction skills can be improved by assimilating available observations of the sea ice concentration (SIC) and sea ice thickness (SIT) into a numerical forecast model to update the initial conditions. However, due to inadequate daily SIT satellite observations in the Arctic melting season, the SIC fields in forecast models are usually directly updated, which causes mismatch of SIC and SIT in dynamics and affects the model prediction accuracy. In this study, a statistically based bivariate regression model of SIT (BRMT) is tentatively established based on the grid reanalysis data of SIC and SIT to reconstruct daily Arctic SIT data. The results show that the BRMT can reproduce the spatial and temporal changes in the SIT in the melting season and capture the variation trend of SIT in some periods. Compared with the SIT observations from buoy and satellite, the reconstructed SIT shows better performance in the central Arctic than other datasets. Furthermore, when the reconstructed SIT is added to the forecast model with only assimilated SIC, the forecast accuracy of SIC, sea ice extent, and SIT in the Arctic melting season is improved and does not weaken with the increase in the forecast time. Especially in the central Arctic, the average absolute deviation between 24-h SIT forecast results and observations is only 0.16 m. The results indicate great potential for applying the reconstructed SIT to the operational forecast of Arctic sea ice during the melting season in the future.

Significance Statement
To improve the prediction skills of Arctic sea ice, it is necessary to assimilate the sea ice observation into the dynamic model to generate a more realistic initial prediction field. At present, the observation data of daily sea ice thickness (SIT) during the Arctic melting season are few, which cannot well meet the demand of operational SIT forecast. In this study, a bivariate regression model is put forward to construct SIT using the sea ice concentration (SIC) observation. Benefitting from the joint assimilation of the observed SIC and the reconstructed SIT, the forecast accuracy of sea ice variables is greatly improved. The reconstructed SIT is expected to provide an available dataset for further research on the Arctic sea ice forecast.
Effect of General Surgery Resident Participation in Thoracic Surgery on Oncologic Outcomes: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Grogan Riley S. , Wieser Alex P. , Bennie Barbara A. , Fischer Cathy L. , Paramesh Venki , Jarman Benjamin T. 
Published: July 2024

Background: Despite increasing sub-specialization, general surgeons continue to perform oncologic thoracic surgeries. Our objective was to determine whether general surgery resident participation in thoracic surgery affects surgical quality or oncologic outcomes. We hypothesized that patient outcomes with and without resident participation would be similar. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic health records of patients with stage 0-IV lung cancer undergoing oncologic pulmonary resection at Gundersen Health System during an 11-year period (2012-2022). Patients younger than 18 years or older than 85 years were excluded, as were those who had incomplete follow-up data or were unregistered in our institutional cancer registry. Patients were divided into groups based on whether residents or staff surgeons completed >50% of the critical portions of the operation. We compared 30-day morbidity outcomes, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: Three hundred thirteen patients met inclusion criteria. Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between groups, as were types of surgical resection and median operative times. A statistical difference was found in the distribution of surgical approach. The odds of morbidity were 65% higher in the Staff group (OR=1.65; 95% CI, 1.007-2.71). Resident participation was not significantly associated with OS or DFS ( P =.32 and P =.54, respectively). Discussion: General surgery resident involvement in lung cancer operations is not associated with longer operative times but is associated with a higher likelihood of a thoracotomy. General surgery resident involvement was associated with decreased postoperative morbidity and did not significantly affect OS or DFS.
Regional Differences in Hepatitis C–Related Hospitalization Rates, United States, 2012-2019
Authors: Hofmeister Megan G. , Zhong Yuna , Moorman Anne C. , Teshale Eyasu H. , Samuel Christina R. , Spradling Philip R. 
Published: July 2024

Objectives: In the United States, hepatitis C is the most commonly reported bloodborne infection. It is a leading cause of liver cancer and death from liver disease and imposes a substantial burden of hospitalization. We sought to describe regional differences in hepatitis C virus (HCV)–related hospitalizations during 2012 through 2019 to guide planning for hepatitis C elimination. Methods: We analyzed discharge data from the National Inpatient Sample for 2012 through 2019. We considered hospitalizations to be HCV-related if (1) hepatitis C was the primary diagnosis or (2) hepatitis C was any secondary diagnosis and the primary diagnosis was a liver disease–related condition. We analyzed demographic and clinical characteristics of HCV-related hospitalizations and modeled the annual percentage change in HCV-related hospitalization rates, nationally and according to the 9 US Census Bureau geographic divisions. Results: During 2012-2019, an estimated 553 900 HCV-related hospitalizations occurred in the United States. The highest hospitalization rate (34.7 per 100 000 population) was in the West South Central region, while the lowest (17.6 per 100 000 population) was in the West North Central region. During 2012-2019, annual hospitalization rates decreased in each region, with decreases ranging from 15.3% in the East South Central region to 48.8% in the Pacific region. By type of health insurance, Medicaid had the highest hospitalization rate nationally and in all but 1 geographic region. Conclusions: HCV-related hospitalization rates decreased nationally and in each geographic region during 2012-2019; however, decreases were not uniform. Expanded access to direct-acting antiviral treatment in early-stage hepatitis C would reduce future hospitalizations related to advanced liver disease and interrupt HCV transmission.
Three-dimensional analysis of bone site grafting on the upper extremity on computed tomography scans
Authors: Villarreal-Villarreal Gregorio Alejandro , Simental-Mendía Mario , Arturo Ramírez Mendoza Diego , Peña-Martínez Víctor Manuel , Negreros-Osuna Adrian A , Alberto Acosta-Olivo Carlos 
Published: July 2024

Purpose To perform a quantitative analysis of the amount of cancellous bone in the distal radius and olecranon process by segmentation of computed tomographic scans. As a secondary analysis, the bone density by Hounsfield units was evaluated at the same sites. Methods Computed tomography angiography images of the upper extremity were analyzed using 3-D Slicer™ medical imaging software. Bone volume (cm3) and density (Hounsfield units) from the cancellous bone between the distal radius and the olecranon process were compared by creating an advanced three-dimensional model. The images were analyzed in duplicate, and an intraclass correlation was performed to assess measurement consistency. Results Twenty subjects were included. A total volume of 5.01 ± 1.21 cm3 and 5.81 ± 1.61 cm3 for the distal radius and the olecranon process ( p < .0001), respectively, was found. Regarding Hounsfield units, the density of the olecranon process was 303.1 ± 73.26, and the distal radius was 206.5 ± 63.73 ( p < .0001). All intraclass correlation coefficients were >0.992. Conclusion These results suggest that the olecranon process has a greater volume and a higher bone mineral density than the distal radius. With these results, the surgeon will have the ability to decide the quantity and quality of bone grafts according to the surgical procedure.
Conflict and Contract Use in Cross-Cultural Buyer–Supplier Relationships: The Role of Cultural Context
Authors: Roehrich Jens K , Sarafan Mehrnoush , Squire Brian , Lawson Benn , Bouazzaoui Meriem 
Published: July 2024

Conflict is common within global supply chains, especially where the buyer and supplier span different cultures. In such settings, formal contracts assume an important role in providing a common language that specifies each party's roles, responsibilities, and liabilities. However, the primacy, use, and interpretation of contracts is subject to the cultural norms of the two parties involved. We adopt a multi-method research design to understand how cultural context affects how suppliers interpret and respond to different contract functions (control vs. coordination) adopted by a buyer firm during conflict episodes. Study 1 involves multiple, in-depth case studies of conflict between three Indian suppliers and six of their international buyers from China, Germany, and the United States. Our findings highlight how the use of contractual control or coordination is interpreted differently depending on the supplier's cultural context. In particular, a mismatch in contract function use and the supplier's culturally derived expectations can lead to strong negative emotions and damage to the relationship. In Study 2, we propose and test a set of hypotheses via a scenario-based experiment of German and Chinese managers. We find support for our hypothesized conditional effects, showing that for suppliers from high-context cultures, the buyer's use of contractual control to address conflict has a significant negative, indirect effect on relationship commitment (via the emotion of anger). We conclude with a discussion of the implications of using contracts to manage conflict in cross-cultural supply chain relationships.
Hindfoot Alignment in Flexible Cavovarus Deformity Under Orthostatic and Coleman Block Test Positions: A Weightbearing Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Pires Eduardo Araujo , Lobo Carlos Felipe Teixeira , Fonseca Fabio Correa , Sposeto Rafael Barban , Barbachan Mansur Nacime Salomão , Easley Mark E. , de Cesar Netto Cesar , Godoy-Santos Alexandre Leme 
Published: July 2024

Background: Flexible cavovarus deformity is prevalent and the Coleman block test is frequently used to assess the first ray plantarflexion malpositioning in the overall deformity as well as the flexibility of the hindfoot. The objective was to assess and compare the weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) 3-dimensional (3D) changes in clinical and bone alignment in flexible cavovarus deformity patients when performing the Coleman block test when compared to normal standing position and to controls. Methods: Twenty patients (40 feet) with flexible cavovarus deformity and 20 volunteer controls (40 feet) with normal foot alignment underwent WBCT imaging of the foot and ankle. Cavovarus patients were assessed in normal orthostatic and Coleman block test positions. Foot and ankle offset (FAO), hindfoot alignment angle (HAA), talocalcaneal angle (TCA), subtalar vertical angle (SVA) and talonavicular coverage angle (TNCA) and a CT-simulated soft tissue envelope image, WBCT clinical hindfoot alignment angle (WBCT-CHAA), were evaluated by 2 readers. Measurements were compared between cavovarus nonstressed and stressed positions and to controls. P values of .05 or less were considered significant. Results: The intra- and interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient were good or excellent for all WBCT measurements. Cavovarus patients demonstrated significant correction of WBCT-CHAA (9.7 ± 0.4 degrees), FAO (2.6 ± 0.4%), and TNCA (8.8 ± 1.8 degrees) when performing the Coleman block test (all P values <.0001). However, WBCT-CHAA and FAO measurements were still residually deformed and significantly different from controls ( P values of .001 and <.0001, respectively). TNCA values corrected to values similar to healthy controls ( P = .29). No differences were observed in cavovarus patients during Coleman block test for the coronal measures: HAA, TCA, and SVA measurements. Conclusion: In this study, we observed improvement in the overall 3D WBCT alignment (FAO), axial plane adduction deformity (TNCA), as well as CT simulated clinical hindfoot alignment (WBCT-CHAA) in flexible cavovarus deformity patients when performing a Coleman block test. However, we did not find improvement in measures of coronal alignment of the hindfoot, indicating continued varus positioning of the hindfoot in these patients.