bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry and origin of plagiogranites from the Eldivan Ophiolite, Çankırı (Central Anatolia, Turkey)
Authors: Üner Tijen , Çakir Üner , Özdemir Yavuz , Arat Irem 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The Eldivan Ophiolite, exposed around Ankara and Çankırı cities, is located at the central part of the Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture Zone (IAESZ). It represents fragments of the Neotethyan Oceanic Lithosphere emplaced towards the south over the Gondwanian continent during the Albian time. It forms nearly complete series by including tectonites (harzburgites and rare dunites), cumulates (dunites, wherlites, pyroxenites, gabbro and plagiogranites) and sheeted dykes from bottom to top. Imbricated slices of volcanic-sedimentary series and discontinuous tectonic slices of ophiolitic metamorphic rocks are located at the base of tectonites. Plagiogranitic rocks of the Eldivan Ophiolite are mainly exposed at upper levels of cumulates. They are in the form of conformable layers within layered diorites and also dikes with variable thicknesses. Plagiogranites have granular texture and are mainly composed of quartz and plagioclases. The occurrences of chlorite and epidote revealed that these rocks underwent a low grade metamorphism. Eldivan plagiogranites have high SiO2 content (70-75 %) and low K2O content (0.5-1 %) and display flat patterns of REE with variable negative Eu anomalies. LREE/HREE ratio of these rocks varies between 0.2-0.99. All members of the Eldivan rocks have high LILE/HFSE ratios with depletion of Nb, Ti and P similar to subduction related tectonic settings. Geochemical modelling indicates that the Eldivan plagiogranites could have been generated by 50-90 % fractional crystallization and/or 5-25 % partial melting of a hydrous basaltic magma
Fundamental triangulation networks in Denmark
Authors: Borre Kai 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The first triangulation activity on Danish ground was carried out by the astronomer Tycho Brahe who resided on the island Hven. He wanted to determine the longitude difference of his observatory Uraniborg to Copenhagen. A by-product was a map of his island made in 1579. In 1761 the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters initiated a mapping project which should be based on the principle of triangulation. Eventually 24 maps were printed in varying scales, predominantly in 1:120 000. The last map was engraved in 1842. The Danish GradeMeasurement initiated remeasurements and redesign of the fundamental triangulation network. This network served scientific as well as cartographic purposes in more than a century. Only in the 1960s all triangulation sides were measured electronically. A combined least-squares adjustment followed in the 1970s
Rayleigh-Ritz variational method with suitable asymptotic behaviour
Authors: Fernández Francisco , Garcia Javier 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper considers the Rayleigh-Ritz variational calculations with non-orthogonal basis sets that exhibit the correct asymptotic behaviour. This approach is illustrated by constructing suitable basis sets for one-dimensional models such as the two double-well oscillators recently considered by other authors. The rate of convergence of the variational method proves to be considerably greater than the one exhibited by the recently developed orthogonal polynomial projection quantization.
Residual symmetries of the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation and its localization
Authors: Liu Ping , Li Biao , Yang Jian-Rong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe residual symmetries of the famous modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation are researched in this paper. The initial problem on the residual symmetry of the mKdV equation is researched. The residual symmetries for the mKdV equation are proved to be nonlocal and the nonlocal residual symmetries are extended to the local Lie point symmetries by means of enlarging the mKdV equations. One-parameter invariant subgroups and the invariant solutions for the extended system are listed. Eight types of similarity solutions and the reduction equations are demonstrated. It is noted that we researched the twofold residual symmetries by means of taking the mKdV equation as an example. Similarity solutions and the reduction equations are demonstrated for the extended mKdV equations related to the twofold residual symmetries.
The yield condition in the mobilization of yield-stress materials in distensible tubes
Authors: Sochi Taha 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the yield condition in the mobilization of yield-stress materials in distensible tubes. We discuss the two possibilities for modeling the yield-stress materials prior to yield: solid-like materials and highly-viscous fluids and identify the logical consequences of these two approaches on the yield condition. Our results reveal that these two modeling approaches have far reaching consequences on the yield bottleneck and hence should be critically examined in the light of experimental evidence. As part of this investigation we derive an analytical expression for the pressure field inside a distensible tube with a Newtonian flow using a one-dimensional Navier-Stokes flow model in conjunction with a pressurearea constitutive relation based on elastic tube wall characteristics. This analytical expression has wider applicability than in the identification of the yield condition of yield-stress material.
Greenhouses of botanical gardens as a habitat of alien and native macrofungi: a case study in Poland
Authors: Szczepkowski Andrzej , Gierczyk Błażej , Kujawa Anna 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In 2010, 16 macrofungi species were found in greenhouses of the Botanical Garden in Warsaw-Powsin. These included 8 species of lepiotaceous fungi and a few species known from warmer areas. For 3 species identified, which are new to Poland (Agaricus subrufescens, Leucocoprinus heinemannii, Marasmius teplicensis), a description is given, with drawings of their microscopic features and photographs. Species composition of macrofungi is compared in 5 complexes of greenhouses (Bayreuth, Graz, Jena, Paskov, Warsaw) in 4 countries from Central Europe. The total number of species in these 5 studies is 206, including 27 (13.2%) lepiotaceous fungi. The smallest number of species identified was in Warsaw (16). More than twice this number was recorded in Jena (33) and Graz (34), while the richest fungal biotas were in Bayreuth (79) and Paskov (88). Of the 16 species found in Warsaw, 8 were also found in other greenhouses. In the group of 33 species recorded in at least two complexes of greenhouses, the most abundant were the lepiotaceous fungi (39.4%) and mycenaceous fungi (15.1%). Leucocoprinus cepistipes and L. straminellus were recorded most often, in 4 of the 5 studied greenhouse complexes. CCA analysis demonstrated that the highest impact on species diversity is the area of greenhouses.
Biodiesel production and Environmental CO2 cleanup using Oleaginous Microorganisms from Al-Hassa area in Saudi Arabia
Authors: El-Sinawi Abdulaziz , Shathele Mohammad 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBiodiesel production is rapidly moving towards the mainstream as an alternative source of energy. Algae oil is one of the viable feed stocks among others to produce Biodiesel. However the difficulties in efficient biodiesel production from algae lie not in the extraction of the oil, but in finding an algal strain with a high lipid content and fast growth rate. This paper presents an experimental work performed to study the production of biodiesel from local algae strains in Al-Hassa territory of the eastern province in Saudi Arabia which was found to contain high lipid contents and show rapid growth. The collected results predict that those types of desert algae are promising and are considered to be a potential feedstock for biofuels.
Modals, Speech Acts and (Im)Politeness: Interactions in Shakespeare’s Plays
Authors: Nakayasu Minako 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
This paper accounts for how modals are interrelated with speech acts and (im)politeness, to offer a new perspective to the interactions in Shakespeare’s plays.
A variety of strategies to save or attack the hearer’s positive or negative face are taken into account within the frameworks of Brown & Levinson (1987) and Culpeper (1996), and the interplay between these strategies is observed in relation to the modals. Furthermore, this study analyses how speech acts performed with the aid of modals are associated with (im)politeness strategies, based on the inventory of speech acts proposed by Nakayasu (2009).
It has been shown that there are more strategies to save or attack the hearer’s positive face in Shakespeare which are employed with the use of modals. The analysis reinforces the proposal by Kopytko (1993, 1995) that social interactions in Shakespeare’s time were positive politenessoriented, going further to extend the analysis to impoliteness, and suggests the interrelated nature of modality, speech acts and (im)politeness.
“Much, I am Sure, Depends on You”: James Fordyce’s Lessons on Female Happiness and Perfection
Authors: Bronk Katarzyna 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Conduct literature written for women has had a long tradition in British culture. According to scholars, such as Ingrid H. Tague (2002), it circulated most widely during the eighteenth century because new ideals of proper feminine behaviour and conduct developed. The Scottish Presbyterian minister and poet, James Fordyce (1720-1796), very observant of the transformations in his society as well as advocating the need to reform moral manners, likewise created a set of sermons dedicated to young women of the second half of the eighteenth century. He is worthy of close study not only because his Sermons to Young Women constitute an important yet understudied contribution to the tradition of conduct writing, but also because he records and disseminates opinions on female perfection both as a man of the church as well as the representative of his sex, thus presenting a broad scope of the official gender ideology of the eighteenth century. The proposed article engages in a close reading of Fordyce's rules and regulations pertaining to proper femininity, pointing also to the tone of his published sermon-manual and the socio-techniques used for the sake of perpetuating his ideological precepts for women. As such, the article is to prove that this popular eighteenth-century preacher, whose work was even mentioned on the pages of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, not only offers a significant contribution to ongoing research on conduct manual tradition as well as on feminist re-readings of women’s history, but also adds more evidence to feminist claims of a purposeful campaign aimed at creating a selfaware and self-vigilant woman who almost consciously strives to become the object of masculine desire, and allegedly all for her own good.
(Breaking) the Law: Social Control, Self-Help and Violence in the Tale of Gamelyn
Authors: Ludwikowska Joanna 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Fourteenth century England experienced social changes which influenced the attitude to crown law and triggered a growing distrust to law and its representatives. The progressing development of the gentry complicated the defining of offences, and diversified the means of punishing them. The Tale of Gamelyn presents a conflict between two brothers, sons of a knight, which went beyond the confinements of the household, transforming itself into a conflict between law and justice. Their feud is a cross-complaint concerning land, which soon turns into a spiral of violence in which one brother uses law to control and punish, and the other uses crime and violence to achieve justice. Using Donald Black’s theory of the sociological geometry of violence (2004) and of crime as social control (1983), this article will analyze the law in the tale as a tool of social control represented by Johan, and justice acquired with the use of self-help by Gamelyn. The article will attempt to prove that the story presents a complex relation between justice and law pinned across the varied spectrum of social classes, which Gamelyn changes a number of times, and will argue that the tale is an affirmation of violence as an underlying force of both law and justice, differing in presentation and realization according to social class.
Developing and Testing the Standard of Practice and Evaluation of Critical-Care-Nursing Tool (SPECT) for Critical Care Nursing Practice
Authors: Gill Fenella J. , Leslie Gavin D. , Grech Carol , Boldy Duncan , Latour Jos M. 
Published: June 2014

Background:
Nurses working in critical care often undertake specialty education. There are no uniform practice outcomes for critical care programs, and consumer input to practice standards has been lacking.

Methods:
A structured multiphase project was undertaken to develop practice standards and an assessment tool informed by critical care nursing stakeholders as well as patients and families—the Standards of Practice and Evaluation of Critical-Care-Nursing Tool (SPECT).

Results:
Testing of the SPECT revealed adequate content validity index (CVI), domain CVI (range, 0.772 to 0.887), and statement CVI (range, 0.66 to 1.00). Reliability was adequate in terms of internal consistency (Cronbach’s α > 0.864) and test-retest Spearman rank correlation (range, 0.772 to 0.887); intra-rater kappa agreement was significant for 102 of 104 statements with moderate agreement for 94.2% of statements.

Conclusion:
The SPECT appears to have clinical feasibility, preliminary validity and reliability, and provides a clear definition for the expected practice level for graduates of a critical care education program.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2014;45(7):312–320.
The quality of working impressions for the fabrication of fixed prosthodontics prostheses (crown and bridgework)
Authors: Zu Saifudin Ahmad Syahir Ahmad , Kamaruddin Fazlieha , Ab Ghani Siti Mariam 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Objective: The study was carried out to assess the quality of working impressions sent to commercial laboratories for fabrication of fixed prostheses. Materials and Methods: Impressions (n: 200) received by four dental laboratories were evaluated by two calibrated examiners. The type of work, tray designs, impression materials and techniques were recorded for each impression. Quality data on crucial details of the tooth preparations, voids at tooth preparations, tears along the finished margin line and flow of materials were documented and each criterion scored either with 2 (Good), 1 (Acceptable) or 0 (Unacceptable). The Chi-square test for independence was done for relationship analysis of the impression defects and different type of impression materials. Results: From 200 examined impressions, 53.9% were for crown works, 35.9% bridge works, 1.4% posts and cores and 8.8% for other types of work. The impression materials used were polyether (39.5%) and polyvinyl-siloxane (60.5%). The two main types of trays were metal stock (48.5%) and disposable plastic (37.5%). Impression techniques were monophase one-step technique (50.0%), putty wash two-steps technique (23.5%), putty wash one-step technique (15.5%) and dual phase one-step technique (11.0%). Overall, 64.5% of the impressions sent had unacceptable quality (0 score recorded for at least one criteria). The proportions of impression defects were significant to the type of impression materials (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The percentage of unacceptable impressions (64.5%) sent to the laboratories is a serious concern, as it contributes to the inaccuracy of the crown and bridgeworks provided to patients.
Effect of disinfection of irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials with 1% sodium hypochlorite on surface roughness and dimensional accuracy of dental stone casts
Authors: Dorner Andressa Rodrigues , Ferraz da Silva João Maurício , Uemura Eduardo Shigueyuki , Borges Alexandre LuizSouto , Fernandes Virgilio Vilas Boas , Yamamoto Eron Toshio Colauto 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of disinfection of commercially available irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials with 1% sodium hypochlorite on the surface roughness and dimensional accuracy of dies produced using type IV dental stone. Materials and Methods: Four different brands of irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials were used as follows: Jeltrate Plus without disinfection (GJ), Jeltrate Plus with disinfection (GJD), Hydrogum without disinfection (GH), Hidrogun with disinfection (GHD), Hidrogum 5 Days without disinfection (GH5), Hidrogum 5 Days with disinfection (GH5D), Cavex without disinfection (GC), and Cavex with disinfection (GCD). A total of 80 dies were poured using type IV dental stone and their mean surface roughness was evaluated using rugosimeter (Mitutoyo SJ-400). To conduct the dimensional alteration analysis, type IV dental stone casts were obtained from a matrix made of chemically-activated resin. They were analyzed in a coordinate-measuring machine (Brown and Sharpe). Statistics Analysis: Numerical data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey′s post hoc test at 5% confi dence interval. Results: Hidrogun 5 Days and Cavex showed the least surface roughness value even after 5 days. There were no significant differences in the dimensional alteration of Jeltrate (GJ and GJD) and Hidrogum (GH and GHD) in relation to the “new brands” Hidrogum 5 (GH5 and GH5D) and Cavex (GC and GCD), even after 5 days of storage. Conclusion: Considering the results obtained, it can be concluded that there was a roughness increase in the die stones poured from irreversible hydrocolloids disinfected with sodium hypochlorite.
Burden of oral diseases and dental treatment needs of an urban population in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Bashiru Braimoh Omoigberai , Omotunde Soroye Modupeoluwa 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Objectives: The objective of the following study is to determine the burden of oral disease and oral hygiene practices among urban population in Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Individuals who attended the free screening exercise as part of activities to mark 2013 World Oral Health Day were recruited for this study. Data were collected through self and interviewer-administered questionnaire and clinical oral examination. Results: One hundred and sixty subjects between the ages of 5 and 78 years participated in the study. Females (59.4%) were significantly (P = 0.005) more than males (40.6%). Most of the participants (57.5%) were between 16 and 30 years. Only 33% of the screened population had visited a dentist and most of the previous visits (91%) were to the Dental Center of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. All the participants cleaned their teeth using toothpaste and toothbrush with 83.4% doing it once a daily. The prevalence of gingival bleeding and dental caries was 91.9% and 23.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The burden of oral disease and unmet dental treatment needs among the study population were high. Majority of the participants cleaned their teeth once daily; this falls short below the internationally recommended twice daily. There is a need to advocate for the creation of an enabling environment for oral health through government policies that will be focused on preventive and restorative care.
Combined treatment of a lateral incisor with palato-radicular groove: 1 year follow-up
Authors: Kamak Gülen , Akman Sümeyra 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPeriodontic - endodontic lesion with a palato-radicular groove as a contributing factor for periodontitis is the most important diagnostic and therapeutic challenges faced by periodontists and the maxillary lateral incisors are the most frequently affected teeth. These developmental grooves promotes the accumulation of plaque and calculus, which destroys the sulcular epithelium and later deeper parts of the periodontium, finally resulting in the formation of a severe localized periodontal lesion since proper cleaning of that site is difficult, if not impossible, for the patient. There are different types of treatment such as scaling and root planning, odontoplasty, amalgam restoration, and extraction of the tooth to treat palatogingival groove and associated periodontal bone defects. In this case, a successful management of an endodontic-periodontal combined lesion by combined treatment and guided tissue regeneration was presented.
Analytical solutions for flow in porous media with multicomponent cation exchange reactions
Authors: Venkatraman Ashwin , Hesse Marc A. , Lake Larry W. , Johns Russell T. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMulticomponent cation exchange reactions have important applications in groundwater remediation, disposal of nuclear wastes as well as enhanced oil recovery. The hyperbolic theory of conservation laws can be used to explain the nature of displacements observed during flow with cation exchange reactions between flowing aqueous phase and stationary solid phase. Analytical solutions have been developed to predict the effluent profiles for a particular case of heterovalent cations (Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) and an anion (Cl−) for any combination of constant injection and constant initial composition using this theory. We assume local equilibrium, neglect dispersion and model the displacement as a Riemann problem using mass action laws, the charge conservation equation and the cation exchange capacity equation. The theoretical predictions have been compared with experimental data available at two scales—the laboratory scale and the field scale. The theory agrees well with the experimental data at both scales. Analytical theory predictions show good agreement with numerical model, developed using finite differences.
Triple water‐isotopologue record from WAIS Divide, Antarctica: Controls on glacial‐interglacial changes in 17Oexcess of precipitation
Authors: Schoenemann Spruce W. , Steig Eric J. , Ding Qinghua , Markle Bradley R. , Schauer Andrew J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMeasurements of the 17Oexcess of H2O were obtained from ice cores in West and East Antarctica. Combined with previously published results from East Antarctica, the new data provide the most complete spatial and temporal view of Antarctic 17Oexcess to date. There is a steep spatial gradient of 17Oexcess in present‐day precipitation across Antarctica, with higher values in marine‐influenced regions and lower values in the East Antarctic interior. There is also a spatial pattern to the change in 17Oexcess between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Holocene periods. At coastal locations, there is no significant change in 17Oexcess. At both the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide site and at Vostok, East Antarctica, the LGM to Early Holocene change in 17Oexcess is about 20 per meg. Atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) experiments show that both the observed spatial gradient of 17Oexcess in modern precipitation, and the spatial pattern of LGM to Early Holocene change, can be explained by kinetic isotope effects during snow formation under supersaturated conditions, requiring a high sensitivity of supersaturation to temperature. The results suggest that fractionation during snow formation is the primary control on 17Oexcess in Antarctic precipitation. Variations in moisture source relative humidity play a negligible role in determining the glacial‐interglacial 17Oexcess changes observed in Antarctic ice cores. Additional GCM experiments show that sea ice expansion increases the area over which supersaturating conditions occur, amplifying the effect of colder temperatures. Temperature and sea ice changes alone are sufficient to explain the observed 17Oexcess glacial‐interglacial changes across Antarctica.