bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature control of protein crystal nucleation
Authors: Nanev Christo N. , Hodzhaoglu Feyzim V. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe thermal variant of the classical nucleation‐growth‐separation principle is shown, both theoretically and experimentally, to be a reliable tool for studying protein crystal nucleation. The classical nucleation theory is used to elucidate the temperature dependence of crystal nucleus size. A one‐to‐one ratio of the number density of nuclei formed to crystals grown to visible size is achieved using the nucleation‐growth‐separation method. The experiments conducted in such a way show that new nuclei are prevented from appearing while avoiding any crystal loss due to dissolution. The same method is used to study experimentally the interval of growth temperatures where the number density of (nucleated) crystals is relatively insensitive to the growth temperature. It is argued that this temperature interval corresponds to the width of the so‐called metastable zone.
Scoring CSR Reporting in Listed Companies – Evidence from Italian Best Practices
Authors: Romolini Alberto , Fissi Silvia , Gori Elena 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTIn the last decade, political pressure from international organisms has contributed to the divulgation and the adoption of social accountability practices. Using an inductive method, this research examines the state of the art of best social reporting practices carried out by Italian listed companies, by scoring and assessing the different maturity levels in application of the principles required by the main reporting models mentioned and by exploring the indicators disclosed in corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. We analyze CSR reporting by Italian companies making up the FTSE ECPI Leaders Index of the Italian Stock Exchange. The findings show an overall good level of disclosure. The data confirm the results of previous studies as they highlight the escalation in sustainability reporting: both the quantity and quality of sustainability information are increasing. However, the results may raise doubts that companies consider CSR as a ‘fashion’. In fact, one of the criticisms levelled against CSR is that information is self‐gathered and self‐reported. More mandatory rules may improve transparency; however these may compromise the CSR concept, so it is necessary to further investigate the findings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Crystallinity‐Controlled Titanium Oxide–Carbon Nanocomposites with Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance
Authors: Zhou Yuanyuan , Lee Jinwoo , Lee Chul Wee , Wu Mihye , Yoon Songhun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNanocomposites of crystalline‐controlled TiO2–carbon are prepared by a novel one‐step approach and applied in anodes of lithium ion batteries. In our nanocomposite anodes, the Li+ capacity contribution from the TiO2 phase was enormous, above 400 mAh g−1 (Li1+xTiO2, x>0.2), and the volumetric capacity was as high as 877 mAh cm−3 with full voltage utilization to 0 V versus Li/Li+, which resulted in higher energy density than that of state‐of‐the‐art titania anodes. For the first time, it was clearly revealed that the capacity at 1.2 and 2.0 V corresponded to Li+ storage at amorphous and crystalline TiO2, respectively. Furthermore, improvements in the rate capability and cycle performance were observed; this was attributed to resistance reduction induced by higher electrical/Li+ conduction and faster Li+ diffusion.
Triguanide Derivatives: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Evaluation of the Proliferation Effect on Some Tumor Cell Lines
Authors: Štrukil Vjekoslav , Glasovac Zoran , Đilović Ivica , Matković‐Čalogović Dubravka , Šuman Lidija , Kralj Marijeta , Eckert‐Maksić Mirjana 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOne‐pot synthesis of new pentasubstituted triguanides 1a–e starting from the corresponding monosubstituted guanidine derivatives and diisopropylcarbodiimide is described and a mechanism for formation of the products observed is proposed. The structures of 1a–d were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses of their acetate salts. The structure of compound 1e was also confirmed by X‐ray crystallography using its sulfate salt. The X‐ray structure provided strong evidence of extensive electron delocalization within the triguanide core despite its non‐planar structure. In addition, the effect of tautomerism on the course of the reaction, with emphasis on possible reaction paths leading to the side products, is discussed in some detail. Finally, antiproliferative effects of the acetate salts of the newly prepared compounds on five cancer lines in vitro were evaluated. It was found that acetates of 1a–c exhibit strong cytostatic and cytotoxic activity, with the strongest effect observed for the acetate of benzyl derivative 1c.
The influence of global climate change on the scientific foundations and applications of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Introduction to a SETAC international workshop
Authors: Stahl Ralph G. , Hooper Michael J. , Balbus John M. , Clements William , Fritz Alyce , Gouin Todd , Helm Roger , Hickey Christopher , Landis Wayne , Moe S. Jannicke 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This is the first of seven papers resulting from a Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) international workshop titled “The Influence of Global Climate Change on the Scientific Foundations and Applications of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.” The workshop involved 36 scientists from 11 countries and was designed to answer the following question: How will global climate change influence the environmental impacts of chemicals and other stressors and the way we assess and manage them in the environment? While more detail is found in the complete series of articles, some key consensus points are as follows: (1) human actions (including mitigation of and adaptation to impacts of global climate change [GCC]) may have as much influence on the fate and distribution of chemical contaminants as does GCC, and modeled predictions should be interpreted cautiously; (2) climate change can affect the toxicity of chemicals, but chemicals can also affect how organisms acclimate to climate change; (3) effects of GCC may be slow, variable, and difficult to detect, though some populations and communities of high vulnerability may exhibit responses sooner and more dramatically than others; (4) future approaches to human and ecological risk assessments will need to incorporate multiple stressors and cumulative risks considering the wide spectrum of potential impacts stemming from GCC; and (5) baseline/reference conditions for estimating resource injury and restoration/rehabilitation will continually shift due to GCC and represent significant challenges to practitioners. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:13–19. © 2012 SETAC
Flame‐retardant finishing of cotton fabrics using polyamino carboxylic acids and sodium hypophosphite
Authors: Ameri Dehabadi Vahid , Buschmann Hans‐Jürgen , Gutmann Jochen Stefan 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYThe purpose of this research was to use polyamino carboxylic acids (PACAs) and their combination with sodium hypophosphite (NaH2PO2) as a flame‐retardant finishing system for cotton fabrics. Flammability of cotton fabric was evaluated by 45° flammability test, differential scanning calorimetry and measuring the char yield. The combination of polyamino carboxylic acids and sodium hypophosphite as a phosphorus‐containing catalyst reduces the flammability of cotton. The pyrolysis properties and the results of char yield of the finished cotton show that with increasing amount of catalyst, the flame retardancy increases. Fastness against multiple laundering, whiteness and tensile strength of the cotton finished with PACAs/NaH2PO2 to multiple standard laundering have been studied, too. The flame retardancy effect has an acceptable washing fastness. Whiteness and tensile strength of the finished cotton do not change significantly. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SWASHES: a compilation of shallow water analytic solutions for hydraulic and environmental studies
Authors: Delestre Olivier , Lucas Carine , Ksinant Pierre‐Antoine , Darboux Frédéric , Laguerre Christian , Vo T.‐N.‐Tuoi , James François , Cordier Stéphane 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYNumerous codes are being developed to solve shallow water equations. Because these are used in hydraulic and environmental studies, their capability to simulate flow dynamics properly is critical to guarantee infrastructure and human safety. Although validating these codes is an important issue, code validations are currently restricted because analytic solutions to the shallow water equations are rare and have been published on an individual basis over a period of more than five decades. This article aims at making analytic solutions to the shallow water equations easily available to code developers and users. It compiles a significant number of analytic solutions to the shallow water equations that are currently scattered through the literature of various scientific disciplines. The analytic solutions are described in a unified formalism to make a consistent set of test cases. These analytic solutions encompass a wide variety of flow conditions (supercritical, subcritical, shock, etc.), in one or two space dimensions, with or without rain and soil friction, for transitory flow or steady state. The corresponding source codes are made available to the community (http://www.univ‐orleans.fr/mapmo/soft/SWASHES), so that users of shallow water‐based models can easily find an adaptable benchmark library to validate their numerical methods. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuron navigator 3 alterations in nervous system tumors associate with tumor malignancy grade and prognosis
Authors: Carlsson Emilia , Krohn Kai , Ovaska Kristian , Lindberg Pia , Häyry Valtteri , Maliniemi Pilvi , Lintulahti Anu , Korja Miikka , Kivisaari Riku , Hussein Samer , Sarna Seppo , Niiranen Kirsi , Hautaniemi Sampsa , Haapasalo Hannu , Ranki Annamari 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCopy number changes or reduced expression of the Neuron navigator 3 (NAV3) gene occurs in neuroblastomas and malignancies of epithelial or lymphoid origin. To elucidate whether NAV3 has a role in the tumorigenesis of nervous system tumors in general, we studied central and peripheral nervous system tumors for NAV3 copy number changes. In search for common tumorigenic denominators, we analyzed 113 central and peripheral nervous system tumors, including glial tumors (grades I–IV gliomas), medulloblastomas, and neuroblastomas. NAV3 copy number changes were studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization and correlated to survival analyses. To identify target genes of NAV3 deletion, NAV3 was silenced by siRNA in glioblastoma cell lines and gene expression profiles were analyzed by Agilent 4×44k dual‐color microarrays. Selected upregulations were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We found NAV3 amplifications to dominate in neuronally differentiated tumors, whereas glial tumors showed almost equal proportions of NAV3 deletion and amplification. However, Grade IV gliomas had more frequent NAV3 deletions than grades I–III gliomas. Silencing of NAV3 in glioma cell lines led to the upregulation of receptor genes associated with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone and Jak‐Stat signaling pathways. Kaplan–Meier analysis of the entire clinical tumor material showed association between NAV3 amplifications and favorable prognosis, as well as NAV3 deletions and unfavorable prognosis. With Cox regression model, a hazard ratio of 0.51 was observed for NAV3 amplifications and 1.36 for NAV3 deletions. We conclude that NAV3 may be a potential new prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managing defined‐benefit pension plans: Still critical and complex
Authors: Schwartz William C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHow has managing defined pension plans changed in the past year? Unfortunately, it is still a critical and complex task, reveals the author of this update article. The author examines the implications of recent developments and the pros and cons of changing strategies, and offers a checklist of critical trends you should watch closely. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Corporate liquidity disclosures: A review
Authors: Cole Cathy J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCorporate treasurers and controllers know that liquidity and credit risk grabbed the attention of investors and creditors during the 2008 financial crisis. Suddenly everyone saw the risks to companies from questionable financial instruments. And critics asked, “Where were the risk managers? Why did the CFOs and treasurers not highlight these risks?” Because corporate treasurers and controllers are involved in managing and reporting on corporate liquidity, they may want to review the SEC's liquidity disclosure requirements detailed in this article. That review will help ensure that their companies' disclosures fully reflect such requirements—and highlight the important risks for investors. Now that the world economy seems to be weakening again, that review is even more important. And it also seems wise to take a look at certain proposed FASB disclosures on liquidity risks that are covered in this article—and to consider how these may affect future financial reports. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cognitive speed as an objective measure of tinnitus
Authors: Das Sunil K. , Wineland Andre , Kallogjeri Dorina , Piccirillo Jay F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Subjective, chronic tinnitus is a common but poorly understood condition. The heterogeneity within tinnitus has hindered the development of functional severity measures and effective treatment. Tinnitus at least partially results from maladaptive cortical processes that are associated with cognitive deficits. This study examined whether cognitive processing speed might serve as a novel objective measure of tinnitus severity, and whether the psychiatric comorbidities of depression and somatization are predictive of self‐reported tinnitus severity.Study Design:Cross‐sectional study of 92 chronic tinnitus participants.Methods:The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) captured the self‐reported severity of tinnitus. Cognitive processing speed was objectively measured by the Brain Speed Test (BST), a short computerized test from Posit Science. Somatization and depression were captured by the Whiteley‐7 and Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 scales. The results of these tests were combined into a Composite Psychiatric State (CPS) variable. The ability of BST z score and CPS level to predict THI was assessed.Results:There was a significant correlation (r = 0.54, P < .001) between BST z scores and THI in those with bothersome tinnitus (THI ≥ 30). Additionally, BST z score was correlated with the validated neurocognitive tests. Multivariate analysis identified BST z score and CPS level as independent predictors of THI.Conclusions:In severe tinnitus, BST provides an objective measure of the functional impact of tinnitus. Cognitive processing speed and psychiatric state are independent predictors of self‐reported tinnitus severity. These measures help define clinical subgroups within tinnitus: one subgroup whose functional impact is primarily cognitive and another whose functional impact is primarily psychiatric. Laryngoscope, 2012
Laser Structuring for Tribological Performance Enhancement
Authors: Janssen Andreas , Mescheder Holger , Conte Marcello , Sexton Leo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAs surface micro structuring turned out to be capable of improving various tribological systems laser technology got into focus as the prime manufacturing technique for many applications. Besides the design and development of micro structure geometries manufacturing strategies and production systems are required for industry. A comprehensive solution for the hydraulic system market is obtained within a research project called “Stokes”, funded by the EU in the program “Research for SMEs”.
A Green Way to Clean — Laser Cleaning
Authors: Büchter Edwin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLaser cleaning is a surface treatment process that removes residues, coatings and contaminants using only the power of focused light. This advanced technology harnesses the unique properties of laser energy with precision control to safely prepare high value surfaces in many applications. Laser light replaces harmful cleaning solvents, chemicals, as well as abrasive media that pose hazards to people and the planet.
Extension of Biot theory to the problem of saturated microporous elastic media with isolated cracks or/and vugs
Authors: Lewandowska J. , Auriault J.‐L. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYThe purpose of this paper is to develop the macroscopic model of hydro‐mechanical coupling for the case of a porous medium containing isolated cracks or/and vugs. In the development, we apply the asymptotic expansion homogenization method. It is shown that the general structure of Biot's model is the same as in the case of homogeneous medium, but the poro‐elastic parameters are modified. Two numerical examples are presented. They concern the computations of Biot's parameters in isotropic and anisotropic cases. It can also be seen how the presence of near‐zero‐volume cracks influences Biot's parameters of the porous matrix. It can significantly affect the coupled hydro‐mechanical behaviour of damaged porous medium. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effects of Foreclosure Counseling for Distressed Homeowners
Authors: Collins J. Michael , Schmeiser Maximilian D. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn the face of the housing market downturn of the late 2000s, policymakers promoted third‐party mortgage default counseling as a way to help people at risk of losing their homes to avoid foreclosure. Using a unique data set of monthly loan payments remitted to investors combined with administrative data from a national counseling agency, this study estimates the effects of default counseling on the probability that troubled mortgage borrowers will lose their homes to foreclosure. Borrowers are actually more likely to miss loan payments after receiving counseling, but the probability of losing a home to foreclosure drops after counseling, suggesting that counseling policies may be beneficial during housing crises.
The future of hemostasis management
Authors: Lillicrap David 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe are in the midst of an unprecedented period for the development of new therapeutic products to treat patients with bleeding diseases. While current hemostatic treatments are already very effective and safe, new agents to enhance convenience and further improve both short‐ and long‐term efficacy of treatment are under development. Some of these products have already reached the clinic for early phase trials, and others will be available shortly. The strategies being evaluated for hemostatic enhancement range from gene and nucleic acid‐based approaches, to the development of complex, naturally occurring molecules such as the non‐anticoagulant polysaccharide, fucoidan. There is every likelihood that combinations of these treatment approaches will further improve the quality of bleeding disease management over the next 5 years and beyond. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 60: S44–S47. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhibitors in childhood hemophilia A: Genetic and treatment‐related risk factors for development and eradication
Authors: DiMichele Donna M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe development of neutralizing antibodies remains a serious complication of hemophilia replacement therapy. Factor VIII inhibiting antibodies (inhibitors) occur commonly following replacement therapy in hemophilia A, creating a significant burden of clinical disease. This article will review our current understanding of risk factors and their known impact on inhibitor development in previously untreated or minimally treated children with severe and mild hemophilia A. It will also explore how the most recently elucidated immunology of inhibitor development might hold important clues to more effective inhibitor eradication and prevention in this heavily impacted patient population. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 60: S30–S33. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Importance of pharmacokinetics in the management of hemophilia
Authors: Barnes Chris 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHemophilia A and hemophilia B are caused by congenital deficiency of factor VIII and factor IX, respectively, and may lead to recurrent, spontaneous bleeding into the muscles and joints resulting in disabling arthropathy. Effective management is available in the form of prophylactic infusions of clotting factor concentrates which have been demonstrated to prevent bleeding episodes and greatly improve the quality of life of these patients. Prophylaxis is, however, expensive. Usual dosing regimens rely on weight based calculations but dosing with an understanding of an individual's pharmacokinetic response has been demonstrated to be more effective in predicting clotting factor levels that protect against bleeding episodes. Standard pharmacokinetic studies require a prohibitive number of time sampling points but recent population or Bayesian pharmacokinetics can be used to provide an accurate estimation of an individual's pharmacokinetic response using a limited number of sampling time points. The use of population pharmacokinetics has the potential to greatly increase the use of pharmacokinetic dosing regimens and optimize the use of clotting factor concentrates in patients with hemophilia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 60: S27–S29. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Update on the intercontinental cooperative ITP study group (ICIS) and on the pediatric and adult registry on chronic ITP (PARC ITP)
Authors: Kühne Thomas 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe Intercontinental Cooperative ITP Study Group (ICIS) was founded in 1997, when the American practice guidelines demonstrated that there is a substantial lack of clinical data. The aim of the group was to promote basic science and clinical research in the field of ITP. Clinical data and more recently DNA is collected to investigate children and adults with ITP. ICIS organizes regular meetings and opened several registries, the most recent being the Pediatric and Adult Registry on Chronic ITP (PARC‐ITP), all of which will be briefly discussed. There are many unanswered questions in basic science and clinical research in ITP which need large collaborative studies. The international network of ICIS may be of value in better understanding ITP. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 60: S15–S18. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bleeding severity as an important outcome in childhood immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Flores Adolfo , Buchanan George R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOver the years pediatric hematologists have continued to debate whether pharmacotherapy or clinical observation should be employed as initial management in childhood immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Delineating the fundamental elements of heterogeneity in bleeding manifestations in childhood ITP has proven to be a complicated task. Efforts to classify the impact of hemorrhage in ITP based on platelet count have been problematic. Factors beyond relying on a laboratory measurement as a surrogate marker of disease severity need to be considered. What is needed to better guide therapeutic decision‐making is a clinically relevant and evidence‐based measure of bleeding severity. In this special supplement, the history of therapeutic management in ITP and prior attempts to grade or quantify hemorrhage will be reviewed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 60: S8–S11. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.