bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auricular composite grafting to repair nasal vestibular stenosis
Authors: Karen Matthew , Chang Edward , Keen Monte S. 
Published: May 2013

Nasal vestibular stenosis is defined as a narrowing of the nasal inlet resulting in airway obstruction. Causes include nasal trauma, infection, and iatrogenic insults. The objectives of this article are to illustrate nasal vestibular stenosis and to analyze common causes and surgical treatments. The operative technique of the senior author (M.S.K.), will be presented. Donor site morbidity and patient outcomes will be discussed. Sixteen patients were seen during a 5‐year period. Eleven women and 5 men were evaluated and found to have nasal vestibular stenosis. Three patients had stenosis as a result of nasal fracture or laceration. Stenosis developed in the remaining 13 as a result of nasal surgery. All patients underwent auricular composite grafting, and grafts took in 100%. Partial skin slough occurred in up to 50%; however, re‐epithelialization was seen within 3 weeks. Complications were seen at the donor site. Immediate patient satisfaction was seen and continues during long‐term follow‐up.
Prognostic assessment of sonography and tumor volumetry in advanced cancer of the head and neck by use of Doppler ultrasonography
Authors: Dietz Andreas , Delorme Stefan , Rudat Volker , Zuna Ivan , Conradt Christian , Vanselow Bernhard , Weidauer Hagen 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this trial was to examine the degree of tumor vascularity in lymph node metastases as depicted by computer‐assisted color Doppler sonography and the tumor volumes associated with prognosis in carcinomas of the oropharynx and hypopharynx after primary radiochemotherapy.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn a prospective trial, 25 patients with advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx and hypopharynx (stage IV UICC 1997) were treated with radiochemotherapy. The color Doppler findings were quantified with a computer‐assisted protocol that quantitatively describes color Doppler images by the relative color pixel density (CPD). As important prognostic cofactor, total tumor volume (TTV) was calculated from CT sections and related to the degree of vascularity. RESULTS: Low CPD in neck metastases showed a correlation with better overall survival. A high‐CPD group and a high‐TTV group (median survival 10.1 months) were determined and were compared with all other CPD/TTV combinations (median survival 28.4 months); the difference in survival was significant (P = 0.002).CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that high tumor vascularity in combination with high TTV indicates a particularly bad prognosis in patients treated with primary radiochemotherapy for head and neck cancer.
50-something years of work on collocations
Authors: Gries Stefan Th. 
Published: May 2013

This paper explores ways in which research into collocation should be improved. After a discussion of the parameters underlying the notion of collocation, the paper has three main parts. First, I argue that corpus linguistics would benefit from taking more seriously the understudied fact that collocations are not necessarily symmetric, as most association measures imply. Also, I introduce an association measure from the associative learning literature that can identify asymmetric collocations and show that it can also distinguish collocations with high and low association strengths well. Second, I summarize some advantages of this measure and brainstorm about ways in which it can help re-examine previous studies as well as support further applications. Finally, I adopt a broader perspective and discuss a variety of ways in which all association measures – directional or not – in corpus linguistics should be improved in order for us to obtain better and more reliable results.
Redox Modulation of Plant Developmental Regulators from the Class I TCP Transcription Factor Family
Authors: Viola Ivana L. , Güttlein Leandro N. , Gonzalez Daniel H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTEOSINTE BRANCHED1-CYCLOIDEA-PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR1 (TCP) transcription factors participate in plant developmental processes associated with cell proliferation and growth. Most members of class I, one of the two classes that compose the family, have a conserved cysteine at position 20 (Cys-20) of the TCP DNA-binding and dimerization domain. We show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) class I proteins with Cys-20 are sensitive to redox conditions, since their DNA-binding activity is inhibited after incubation with the oxidants diamide, oxidized glutathione, or hydrogen peroxide or with nitric oxide-producing agents. Inhibition can be reversed by treatment with the reductants dithiothreitol or reduced glutathione or by incubation with the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system. Mutation of Cys-20 in the class I protein TCP15 abolished its redox sensitivity. Under oxidizing conditions, covalently linked dimers were formed, suggesting that inactivation is associated with the formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds. Inhibition of class I TCP protein activity was also observed in vivo, in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells expressing TCP proteins and in plants after treatment with redox agents. This inhibition was correlated with modifications in the expression of the downstream CUC1 gene in plants. Modeling studies indicated that Cys-20 is located at the dimer interface near the DNA-binding surface. This places this residue in the correct orientation for intermolecular disulfide bond formation and explains the sensitivity of DNA binding to the oxidation of Cys-20. The redox properties of Cys-20 and the observed effects of cellular redox agents both in vitro and in vivo suggest that class I TCP protein action is under redox control in plants.
The SUGAR-DEPENDENT1 Lipase Limits Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Vegetative Tissues of Arabidopsis
Authors: Kelly Amélie A. , van Erp Harrie , Quettier Anne-Laure , Shaw Eve , Menard Guillaume , Kurup Smita , Eastmond Peter J. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
There has been considerable interest recently in the prospect of engineering crops to produce triacylglycerol (TAG) in their vegetative tissues as a means to achieve a step change in oil yield. Here, we show that disruption of TAG hydrolysis in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lipase mutant sugar-dependent1 (sdp1) leads to a substantial accumulation of TAG in roots and stems but comparatively much lower TAG accumulation in leaves. TAG content in sdp1 roots increases with the age of the plant and can reach more than 1% of dry weight at maturity, a 50-fold increase over the wild type. TAG accumulation in sdp1 roots requires both ACYL-COENZYME A:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (DGAT1) and PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 and can also be strongly stimulated by the provision of exogenous sugar. In transgenic plants constitutively coexpressing WRINKLED1 and DGAT1, sdp1 also doubles the accumulation of TAG in roots, stems, and leaves, with levels ranging from 5% to 8% of dry weight. Finally, provision of 3% (w/v) exogenous Suc can further boost root TAG content in these transgenic plants to 17% of dry weight. This level of TAG is similar to seed tissues in many plant species and establishes the efficacy of an engineering strategy to produce oil in vegetative tissues that involves simultaneous manipulation of carbohydrate supply, fatty acid synthesis, TAG synthesis, and also TAG breakdown.
Sweet's syndrome associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Tsuji Hideaki , Yoshifuji Hajime , Nakashima Ran , Imura Yoshitaka , Yukawa Naoichiro , Ohmura Koichiro , Miyagawa‐Hayashino Aya , Kabashima Kenji , Mimori Tsuneyo 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA 35‐year‐old Japanese female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presented with fever, erythematous papules and nodules, and polyarthralgia. Skin biopsy of a nodule was compatible with Sweet's syndrome. The papules/nodules were well treated with an oral glucocorticoid. Thirty cases of Sweet's syndrome associated with lupus erythematosus (LE) have been reported in the published work. The mean age was 34.2 years. They showed a higher male ratio (male : female, 1:2) compared with patients with SLE (1:9) and Sweet's syndrome (1:3.7). Sweet's syndrome may occur as a manifestation of LE, and a moderate dose of an oral glucocorticoid will result in a good response.
Efffect of the ABCC3 –211C/T polymorphism on clopidogrel responsiveness in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Zou Jian‐Jun , Fan Hong‐Wei , Chen Shao‐Liang , Tan Jie , He Bang‐Shun , Xie Hong‐Guang 
Published: May 2013

Summary

Multidrug resistance protein 3 (MPR3), encoded by the ATP‐binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 3 (ABCC3) gene, functions as an important drug efflux transporter. The ABCC3 –211C/T polymorphism is associated with decreased MRP3 mRNA expression, and low MRP3 mRNA expression is associated with increased clopidogrel response in patients. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the –211C/T polymorphism is associated with altered antiplatelet effects and clinical outcomes in clopidogrel‐treated patients.

A subcohort of 249 patients not carrying the CYP2C19*2, *3 or *17 variant was identified from a total of 617 consecutive clopidogrel‐treated patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and then categorized into three groups on the basis of their ABCC3 –211C/T genotype. Baseline data, clinical characteristics and DNA samples were collected for all patients. Light transmittance aggregometry was used to determine ADP‐induced maximum platelet aggregation (MPA) in blood samples obtained from patients on Day 3 after starting daily clopidogrel maintenance doses. Genotyping of CYP2C19*2, *3 and *17 variants and the ABCC3 –211C/T polymorphism was performed using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry. The primary clinical end‐point was a definite stent thrombosis (ST) episode, whereas secondary end‐points were other major adverse cardiovascular events within 12 months after stenting.

There were no differences in MPA values according to ABCC3 –211C/T genotype. A multiple linear regression model revealed that the ABCC3 –211C/T polymorphism was not independently associated with ADP‐induced MPA measurements; a multiple logistic regression model revealed that carrying the ABCC3 –211C allele was not associated with the risk of developing an ST event in clopidogrel‐treated patients not harbouring CYP2C19*2, *3 and *17 variants.

In conclusion, the ABCC3 –211C/T polymorphism seems not to be associated with altered antiplatelet effects and clinical outcomes in clopidogrel‐treated patients.
Birth weight and ovulatory dysfunction
Authors: Shayeb AG , Harrild K , Bhattacharya S 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveTo explore the association between birthweight and ovulatory dysfunction in adulthood.DesignCase–control study.SettingNortheast of Scotland University Hospital, hosting the regional fertility centre and maternity unit.PopulationA total of 18 846 mother–daughter record pairs from the Aberdeen Fertility Centre Data Set and the Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank (AMND). Cases were the daughters with ovulatory dysfunction attending the Aberdeen Fertility Centre between 1992 and 2007, Control group 1 included the daughters attending the fertility centre with confirmed ovulation, and Control group 2 included all women naturally fertile who gave birth in Aberdeen during the same period.MethodsThe electronic maternity records of the mothers of women in the three groups were retrieved from AMND and compared.Main outcome measuresDaughters' birthweight and standardised birthweight, characteristics of mothers and daughters at delivery and current daughters' characteristics.ResultsCases, Control group 1 and Control group 2 included 466, 548 and 17 832 daughters, respectively. The mean birthweight (standard deviation) in grams was comparable between Cases 3203 (522), Control group 1, 3235 (482) P = 0.30, and Control group 2, 3226 (495) P = 0.31. The proportions of daughters born small for gestational age, large for gestational age, or preterm were comparable between the Cases group and each Control group, as was the mode of delivery and Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes. The age at delivery, body mass index, social class or pregnancy complications were comparable in the mothers of the Cases and each Control group.ConclusionsOvulatory dysfunction does not appear to be related to birthweight or perinatal events.
Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors: Multitarget drugs, not only antidiabetes drugs (D ipeptidyl peptidase ‐4抑制剂：多靶点药物，不仅仅是降糖药)
Authors: Zhao Yunjuan , Yang Lin , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)‐4 inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic agents that reduce blood glucose by preventing the degradation of the endogenous incretin hormones glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. Protection by DPP‐4 inhibitors of β‐cell function has been demonstrated in patients with type 2 diabetes. Because DPP‐4 is an enzyme widely expressed in humans, DPP‐4 inhibitors are speculated to be multitarget agents. However, other potential therapeutic benefits of DPP‐4 inhibitors remain unknown. Recently, some therapeutic effects of DPP‐4 inhibitors, such as immune regulation, cardiovascular protection, and anti‐inflammatory effects, have been observed. This article provides a systematic and comprehensive review of current research into the newly found effects and mechanism of action of DPP‐4 inhibitors in a therapeutic context.
Can intensity‐modulated radiation therapy spare the central flapped area while encompassing the target volume in radiotherapy after immediate breast reconstruction?
Authors: Lee Jung Ae , Yoon Won Sup , Chung Se Young , Yang Dae Sik , Lee Suk , Park Young Je , Kim Chul Yong , Son Gil Soo , Yoon Eul Sik 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIntroductionRadiotherapy increases the morbidity of immediate breast reconstruction. To spare the flapped area without an adverse dose distribution of the target volume and organ at risks, various radiation techniques were assessed.MethodsTwelve breasts undergoing skin‐sparing mastectomy and immediate transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap reconstruction were evaluated. After a delineation of whole breast, the doughnut‐like breast target volume (BTV) including the chest wall and skin and the subtracted central flapped volume (FV) were defined. The opposed wedge tangential radiotherapy (3‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3‐D CRT) ), field‐in‐field radiotherapy (FiF), inverse intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (iIMRT), volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMRT) and the mixture of FiF and iIMRT (HYBRID) were tried. Total 50 Gy was prescribed to the BTV. The paired student t‐tests were performed.ResultsThe V47.5Gy of the BTV was improved in iIMRT and VMRT compared with 3‐D CRT and FiF. The mean FV doses in iIMRT and VMRT were 76.7 ± 3.9% and 85.5 ± 4.0%, respectively. However the mean ipsilateral lung doses were aggravated by iIMRT and VMRT. In terms of HYBRID, the V47.5Gy for the BTV was 97.5 ± 0.7%. The mean FV dose was 89.4 ± 2.1%. While the mean FV dose in HYBRID was 13.7 ± 2.1% (P < 0.001) lower than FiF, it was 12.8 ± 1.9% (P < 0.001) higher than iIMRT. The mean ipsilateral lung dose in HYBRID was 2.8 ± 1.9% (P < 0.001) worse than FiF, and 2.6 ± 1.8% (P < 0.001) better than iIMRT.ConclusionsThe HYBRID could minimise the adverse dose distribution of lung and reduce 10% of the mean dose to the flapped area. For patients with adverse factors for the failure of breast reconstruction, the HYBRID could be considered.
The G20 and Food Security: a Mismatch in Global Governance?
Authors: Clapp Jennifer , Murphy Sophia 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWhen the G20 took up food security in 2010, many were optimistic that it could bring about positive change by addressing structural problems in commodity markets that were contributing to high and volatile food prices and exacerbating hunger. Its members could tighten the regulation of agricultural commodity futures markets, support multilateral trade rules that would better reflect both importer and exporter needs, end renewable fuel targets that diverted land to biofuels production, and coordinate food reserves. In this article, we argue that although the G20 took on food security as a focus area, it missed an important opportunity and has shown that it is not the most appropriate forum for food security policy. Instead of tackling the structural economic dimensions of food security, the G20 chose to promote smoothing and coping measures within the current global economic framework. By shifting the focus away from structural issues, the G20 has had a chilling effect on policy debates in other global food security forums, especially theUNCommittee on World Food Security (CFS). In addition, the G20 excludes the voices of the least developed countries and civil society, and lacks the expertise and capacity to implement its recommendations.
Varieties of the Regulatory State and Global Companies: the Case of China
Authors: Wong Shiufai 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUnderstanding what kind of regulatory state/capitalism China represents can be an arduous task, and the issue is still under debate. This article uses a dynamic regulatory perspective to examine how the Chinese government has changed its roles of governance and relationships with global companies. Obviously, the changes would depend on the type, scope, power and other case‐by‐case intricacies of global companies. Using statistics across the 100 largest global companies chosen from Fortune's Global 500, this article explores the central tendency and relationship between regulators and global companies in China. As the evidence tends to suggest, in no respect can China's regulatory choices be looked upon as those of the regulatory state represented in the literature. The regulatory tactics of the Chinese government have merely allowed it to utilize the professional/technical expertise of the more well‐established and/or credible foreign actors and regulators. The Chinese government has never its compromised long‐term national goals or interests.
The Rise of East Asia's Global Companies
Authors: Kim Sung‐Young 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHow have the developmentally oriented states of East Asia coped with the unprecedented levels of structural power that global companies now possess? This article argues that under conditions of intensifying knowledge‐based competition, states with strategic industry objectives seek new ways of managing collaborative ties between public and private actors. The argument is developed by examining the development of the Korean telecommunications sector from the 1980s to the 2000s. The Korean state's relationship with the conglomerates or chaebol has been based increasingly on an equal partnership in which the chaebol themselves are expected to bear greater responsibility for promoting national techno‐industrial competitiveness. These expectations have been translated into two main forms: (i) collaborating in state‐sponsored efforts to promote the international standardization of Korean‐developed technologies, and (ii) providing initial markets for the innovations created by fledgling high‐tech start‐ups who provide crucial sources of innovation in the pursuit of the Korean state's emphasis on transitioning towards innovation‐led development.
Treatment with the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate analogue FTY 720 reduces loss of plasma volume during experimental sepsis in the rat
Authors: LUNDBLAD CORNELIA , AXELBERG HELEN , GRÄNDE PER‐OLOF 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundIncreased vascular leakage leading to hypovolaemia and tissue oedema is common in severe sepsis. Hypovolaemia together with oedema formation may contribute to hypoxia and result in multiorgan failure and death. To improve treatment during sepsis, a potential therapeutic target may be to reduce the vascular leakage. Substances affecting the endothelial barrier are interesting in this respect, as it is suggested that increase in vascular leakage depends on reorganisation of the endothelial cells and breakdown of the endothelial barrier. The agonist of the bioactive lipid sphingosine‐1‐phosphate, FTY720, has been shown to modulate the integrity of the endothelium and reduce permeability both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the present study was to determine if FTY720 could reduce the loss of plasma volume during experimental sepsis in rats.MethodsSepsis was induced by ligation and incision of the caecum in the rat. Plasma volume was determined before and 4.5 h after induction of sepsis by a dilution technique using 125I‐labelled albumin.ResultsFTY720 in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg reduced the loss of plasma during sepsis by approximately 30% compared with vehicle, without any adverse effects on haemodynamic and physiological parameters. The increase in hematocrit and haemoglobin concentration was also found to be higher in the vehicle group.ConclusionFTY720 in a dose without haemodynamic side effects reduces loss of plasma volume during experimental sepsis most likely because of reduction in permeability and may therefore be beneficial in sepsis.
Tea Polyphenols Modulate Antioxidant Redox System on Cisplatin‐induced Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in a Human Breast Cancer Cell
Authors: Periasamy Vaiyapuri S. , Alshatwi Ali A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTea polyphenols (TPP) have potent antioxidant and anticancer properties, particularly in patients undergoing radiation or chemotherapy. However, few studies have been conducted on treatments using a combination of TPP and the conventional chemical anticancer drug cisplatin (CP). This study was designed to investigate the mechanism of the cytotoxicity of total TPP and CP, which may synergistically induce cell death in cancer cells. Here, breast cancer cells (MCF‐7) were treated with various concentrations of TPP alone or in combination with the chemotherapeutic drug CP. The effect of TPP on cell growth, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, apoptosis and gene expression of caspase‐3, caspase‐8 and caspase‐9 and p53 was investigated. The MTT (3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay revealed that the MCF‐7 cells were less sensitive to growth inhibition by TPP treatment than either CP or the combination therapy. Propidium iodide nuclear staining indicated that exposure to this combination increased the proportion of apoptotic nuclei compared with a single‐agent treatment. Flow cytometry analysis was used to quantify changes in intracellular ROS. Detection of activated caspases by fluorescently labelled inhibitors of caspases (FLICA) combined with the plasma membrane permeability assay demonstrated that the percentage of early and late apoptotic/secondary necrotic cells was higher in the cells treated with the combination than in those treated with either TPP or CP alone. The combined TPP and CP treatment synergistically induced apoptosis through both caspase‐8 and caspase‐9 activation and p53 over‐expression. This suggests that TPP plus CP may be used as an efficient antioxidant‐based combination therapy for estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive and p53‐positive breast cancer.