bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Extent of Illicit Cigarette Sales in Five Rural Districts of Pakistan: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Abdullah S M , Ansaari Saeed , Boeckmann Melanie , Khan Amina , Siddiqi Kamran 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The Illicit Tobacco Trade (ITT) subverts tobacco control efforts. Cigarette packs sold without legal health warnings undermine efforts to warn the public about the dangers of tobacco. Furthermore, cigarettes sold below minimum retail prices are indicative of tax evasion leading to revenue loss and budgetary deficits in high tobacco-burden economies. The extent of the ITT in rural areas of such countries might differ from urban. We estimated the extent of illicit cigarette sales in selected rural areas of Pakistan.

Aims and Methods
We analyzed cigarette packs collected from 85 villages in Pakistan as part of a cross-sectional consumer survey of 2550 rural households. We classified cigarette packs as noncompliant if these were missing: A text health warning, pictorial health warning (PHW), underage sale prohibition warning, retail price, or manufacturer details. To measure the extent of tax evasion, we estimated the proportion of packs purchased below the legal minimum retail price.

Results
Only 35% (429/1228) of rural smokers were able to show their cigarette packs. Out of these, 89% (382/429) of packs were noncompliant with the cigarette packaging and labeling laws. In rural areas, 83% (357/429) of packs did not have PHW and 33.8% (145/429) did not have printed retail prices. Among all packs, 41% (177/429) were purchased below the minimum retail price of 63 Pakistani Rupees and hence highly likely to have evaded taxes.

Conclusions
We found a very high previously unreported proportion of noncompliant cigarette packs in selected rural areas of Pakistan indicating weaker implementation of tobacco control laws in rural areas.

Implications
This paper presents previously unreported estimates of the share of illicit cigarette sales in rural areas of Pakistan. Most packs (89%) in our sample were noncompliant with the packaging and labeling regulations and a significant proportion (41%) were purchased below the minimum price. The extent of illicit tobacco was found to be far greater in rural than in urban areas of Pakistan. Taking advantage of poor law enforcement, the tobacco industry may be complicit in flooding the rural markets with illegal and cheap cigarettes. Given this disparity, law enforcement authorities must focus on rural areas.
Clinical reasoning in real-world practice: a primer for medical trainees and practitioners
Authors: Ng Isaac K S , Goh Wilson G W , Teo Desmond B , Chong Kar Mun , Tan Li Feng , Teoh Chia Meng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Clinical reasoning is a crucial skill and defining characteristic of the medical profession, which relates to intricate cognitive and decision-making processes that are needed to solve real-world clinical problems. However, much of our current competency-based medical education systems have focused on imparting swathes of content knowledge and skills to our medical trainees, without an adequate emphasis on strengthening the cognitive schema and psychological processes that govern actual decision-making in clinical environments. Nonetheless, flawed clinical reasoning has serious repercussions on patient care, as it is associated with diagnostic errors, inappropriate investigations, and incongruent or suboptimal management plans that can result in significant morbidity and even mortality. In this article, we discuss the psychological constructs of clinical reasoning in the form of cognitive ‘thought processing’ models and real-world contextual or emotional influences on clinical decision-making. In addition, we propose practical strategies, including pedagogical development of a personal cognitive schema, mitigating strategies to combat cognitive bias and flawed reasoning, and emotional regulation and self-care techniques, which can be adopted in medical training to optimize physicians’ clinical reasoning in real-world practice that effectively translates learnt knowledge and skill sets into good decisions and outcomes.
Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy as an Add-on in Comprehensive Outpatient Care of Non-affective Psychoses: A Multicenter Randomized-Controlled Effectiveness Trial in a Naturalistic Setting
Authors: Steuwe Carolin , Carvalho Fernando Silvia , Runte Ingo , Bender Stefan , Heiler Wolfgang , Klein Fabian , Kronmüller Klaus , Volmert Kathrin , Norra Christine , Engelbrecht Stefan , Driessen Martin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Non-affective psychoses (NAP) are associated with severe consequences with regard to social functioning, physical health, employment, and suicidality. Treatment guidelines recommend cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp) as an effective additional treatment strategy to psychopharmacology. We hypothesized that outpatient CBTp has an add-on effect in individuals with NAP who already receive comprehensive outpatient care (COC) in Germany.

Study Design
In a randomized-controlled effectiveness trial, 6 months of COC + CBTp were compared to COC. The primary outcomes were change of symptom severity as assessed by the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (pre-/post-treatment and 6-month follow-up). Mixed linear models and effect sizes were used to compare changes across treatment groups. Additionally, the number of readmissions was compared.

Study Results
N = 130 individuals with chronic NAP were recruited (COC + CBTp: n = 64, COC: n = 66). COC + CBTp participants significantly improved more regarding positive symptom severity (estimated mean difference at follow-up: −2.33, 95% CI: −4.04 to −0.61, P = .0083, d = 0.32) and general psychopathology (estimated mean difference at follow-up: −4.55, 95% CI: −7.30 to −1.81, P = .0013, d = 0.44) than the COC group. In both groups, negative symptom severity did not change significantly over time nor did groups differ regarding readmissions.

Conclusion
The results underline an add-on benefit of CBTp in chronically ill individuals with NAP. Superiority of CBTp was demonstrated in comparison with high-quality comprehensive care and may also be true in different comprehensive care settings.

Clinical Trials Registration
DRKS00015627.
Mid1 aggravates hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury by inducing immune cell infiltration
Authors: Li Ji , Jin Changlian , Li Yue , Liu Huanqiu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (HIRI) represents a major risk factor in liver transplantation and resection surgeries. Kupffer cells (KCs) produce proinflammatory cytokines and lead to hepatic neutrophil infiltration in the liver, which is one of the leading causes of HIRI. Mid1 is involved in immune infiltration, but the role of Mid1 remains poorly understood. Herin, our study aimed to investigate the effect of Mid1 on HIRI progression. Male C57BL/6 mice aged 6 weeks were used for the HIRI model established. The function of Mid1 on liver injury and hepatic inflammation was evaluated. In vitro, KCs were used to investigate the function and mechanism of Mid1 in modulating KC inflammation upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. We found that Mid1 expression was up‐regulated upon HIRI. Mid1 inhibition alleviated liver damage, as evidenced by neutrophil infiltration, intrahepatic inflammation, and hepatocyte apoptosis. In vitro experiments further revealed that Mid1 knockdown reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in KCs. Moreover, silenced‐Mid1 suppressed proinflammatory responses by the inhibition of NF‐κB, JNK, and p38 signaling pathways. Taken together, Mid1 contributes to HIRI via regulating the proinflammatory response of KCs and inducing neutrophil infiltration. Targeting Mid1 may be a promising strategy to protect against HIRI.
N-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Versus Absorbable Tacks in Laparoscopic Groin Hernia Repair: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Petro Clayton C. , Poulose Benjamin K. , Rosen Michael J. , Carbonell Alfredo M. , El-Ghazzawy Adel G. , Warren Jeremy A. , Lo Menzo Emanuele , Prabhu Ajita S. , Krpata David M. , Szomstein Samuel , Narula Vimal , Totten Crystal F. , Haisley Kelly R. , Bernard Andrew C. , Berdel Henrik O. , Reynolds Jessica K. , Warriner Zachary D. , Roth John S. 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
We aimed to determine whether n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NB2C) adhesive is a safe and effective mechanism for nonpenetrating mesh and peritoneal fixation during laparoscopic groin hernia repair.

Background:
Chronic pain after laparoscopic groin hernia repair has been associated with penetrating fixation, but there had been no US Food and Drug Administration–approved devices for nonpenetrating fixation in this context.

Methods:
Patients undergoing laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAP) or totally extraperitoneal (TEP) groin hernia repair with mesh at 1 of 5 academic medical centers were randomized to mesh (TAP/TEP) and peritoneal (TAP) fixation with NB2C adhesive or absorbable tacks. The primary outcome was improvement in pain (visual analog scale [VAS]) at 6 months. The noninferiority margin was 0.9 (α = 0.025; β = 80%). Recurrence, successful use of the device, quality of life, and rates of adverse events (AEs) were secondary outcomes.

Results:
From 2019 to 2021, 284 patients were randomized to either NB2C adhesive or absorbable tacks (n = 142/142). Patient and hernia characteristics were comparable, and 65% were repaired using a TAP approach. The difference in VAS improvement at 6 months with NB2C adhesive was not inferior to absorbable tacks in intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses, respectively (0.25 [95% CI, −0.33 to 0.82]; P = 0.013; 0.22 [95% CI, −0.36 to 0.80], noninferiority P = 0.011). There were no differences in secondary outcomes including recurrence, successful use of each device to fixate the mesh and peritoneum, quality of life, and additional VAS pain scores. Rates of adverse and serious AEs were also comparable.

Conclusions:
NB2C adhesive is safe and effective for mesh fixation and peritoneal closure during laparoscopic groin hernia repair.
Lateral Tibial Plateau Reconstruction Using Tricortical Iliac Crest Autograft as the Weight-Bearing Surface
Authors: Solasz Sara , Ganta Abhishek , Konda Sanjit R. 
Published: July 2024

Summary:
This overview and case presentation demonstrates a novel approach to the reconstruction of a lateral tibial plateau with near-complete bone loss using tricortical iliac crest autograft as the weight-bearing surface.

Video available at:

https://ota.org/education/ota-online-resources/video-library-procedures-techniques/lateral-tibial-plateau
Achieving Limb-Length Equality in Femoral Shaft Fractures
Authors: Eurich Jennifer , Dwyer Emma P. , Gibbs Stephen , Erdman Mary Kate 
Published: July 2024

Summary:
This review demonstrates 4 techniques for establishing limb-length equality following fixation of femoral shaft fractures and describes the pearls and pitfalls of each technique.

Video available at:

https://ota.org/education/ota-online-resources/video-library-procedures-techniques/achievinglimb-length-equality
Antibody-drug conjugates in solid tumors: a new frontier
Authors: Jaime-Casas Salvador , Barragan-Carrillo Regina , Tripathi Abhishek 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are designed to carry cytotoxic payloads and deliver them to specific molecular targets within tumor cells. Several ADCs are already approved with many more in development across several disease types. In this review, we will provide an overview of the ADCs currently approved and those under investigation in solid tumors.

Recent findings
Currently there are dozens of ADCs under clinical study evaluation of a variety of solid tumors, and preliminary results are promising. Multiple ADCs have received regulatory approval in disease such as breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and bladder cancer. While some are approved in biomarker selected settings with disease specific indication (e.g. breast cancer), others have been approved irrespective of biomarker expression (urothelial carcinoma) and pan-cancer indications in biomarker selected patients (HER2 3+ expression).

Summary
Cytotoxic chemotherapy has been the mainstay of systemic treatment for patients with various solid tumors. ADCs offer the advantage of carrying the cytotoxic payload onto a specific molecular receptor, thereby inducing a more selective response. Optimizing selection of target antigen, payload delivery and investigating biomarkers of response will be crucial for further expanding the therapeutic benefit of ADCs across solid tumors.
Survivorship after Hodgkin lymphoma and the right to be forgotten
Authors: Stepanishyna Yana , Meunier Françoise , Bron Dominique 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
The significantly improved survivorship in Hodgkin lymphoma is fraught with challenges, including persistent symptoms, secondary health complications, and socio-professional obstacles. This review highlights the need for comprehensive survivorship care plans that include detection of relapse, assessment of long-term side effects, screening for secondary cancers, psychological support, and assistance with socio-professional integration.

Recent findings
Cardiovascular diseases, secondary malignancies and other associated risks remains an important problem related to the effective treatment of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Furthermore, fertility concerns and endocrine disorders remain prevalent issues posttreatment. An optimal evaluation of the risks before and after treatment is essential to reduce the impact of these side effects on quality of life. Addressing the socio-professional reintegration of survivors, the concept of the ‘Right to be forgotten’ emerges as a critical consideration. This principle seeks to eliminate discrimination against cancer survivors in accessing financial services and aims for legislative changes to ensure that past cancer diagnosis does not unfairly affect survivors’ futures. Implementation of this ‘Right to be forgotten’ in the legislature, is currently underway in European countries.

Summary
The focus of survivorship care has shifted towards the holistic management of these long-term outcomes. Quality of life for Hodgkin lymphoma survivors is affected by various treatment-related factors, with evidence suggesting that physical, psychological and socio-professional domains remain impacted years after treatment.
Aggressive Form of Mycosis Fungoides With Bilateral Testicular Involvement and Salivary Gland Mass, Exhibiting Phenotypic Switch
Authors: Rolim Ricardo , Maia Tiago , Ionita Alina , Cravo Mariana , Cabeçadas José 
Published: July 2024

Abstract:
We report the case of a 72-year-old man with bilateral testicular involvement by mycosis fungoides (MF). The patient was diagnosed with MF 6 months prior, and testicular involvement was found upon staging. The rare behavior of MF, with early visceral involvement and no hematolymphoid organs affected, had a poor prognosis with patient death 14 months after the original diagnosis despite surgery and chemotherapy. The neoplastic cells showed a phenotypic switch from a CD4+/CD8− profile in the skin to a CD4−/CD8− in the testis and the same clone, confirmed with T-cell receptor gene rearrangement studies, making this the third reported case of MF affecting the testis and the first with clonality studies to confirm it. The clinical evolution may be related to its distinctive biology showcased in the neoplastic cell's switch to a more aggressive CD4−/CD8− profile and the early extension of the disease to an uncommon visceral site.
Psychometric Analysis of the Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale in Japanese Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Hayashi Kanako , Okada Akiko , Jurgens Corrine Y. , Ito Shinya , Tsuchihashi-Makaya Miyuki 
Published: July 2024

Background
Patients with heart failure (HF) experience a wide variety of symptoms. Appropriate recognition of symptoms is important in HF care. The Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale (HFSPS) measures the presence of HF symptoms and the degree to which physical symptoms are bothersome.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the HFSPS.

Methods
Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess structural validity. Construct validity was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient to evaluate the association between HFSPS total and subscale scores and global physical health on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. Internal consistency was assessed using the model-based internal consistency for the HFSPS as a whole and Cronbach α for the subscales.

Results
Participants were 315 Japanese outpatients (72.1% male), with a mean age of 72.9 ± 12.9 years. The result of confirmatory factor analysis was an adequate model fit by adding error correlations. Construct validity was significant for the correlation with global physical health of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. The model-based internal consistency was 0.95. Cronbach αs for each subscale were 0.88 for dyspnea, 0.60 for chest discomfort, 0.77 for early and subtle symptoms, and 0.77 for edema.

Conclusions
The findings support the use of the HFSPS in a more diverse population, suggesting that it is a reliable and valid instrument in Japanese patients with HF. The HFSPS may provide an accurate assessment of the symptoms experienced by patients with HF in daily life in future educational intervention studies to improve symptom perception and coping behaviors.
Comparison of Weight-Based Valproic Acid Dosing in Treatment of Mental Illness Among Obese and Nonobese Patients
Authors: Trac Cindy , Zecopoulos Angeleki , Ross Clint , Weeda Erin , McGraw Dan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose/Background
A weight-based dosing approach of 20–30 mg/kg per day of valproic acid (VPA) has been shown to achieve rapid attainment of mood symptom control. Due to interindividual pharmacokinetic variability, therapeutic drug monitoring may be a useful tool to avoid VPA toxicity. Limited research exists on the impact of patient body weight on VPA pharmacokinetic profiles. This analysis aims to explore the correlation between steady-state serum levels of VPA and weight-based dosing strategies, including total body weight (TBW), ideal body weight (IBW), and adjusted body weight (AdjBW), between obese and nonobese patients.

Methods/Procedures
This single-center, retrospective, observational cohort analysis evaluated weight-based dosing of VPA in obese and nonobese patients admitted to inpatient psychiatry at a large academic medical center between July 1, 2017, and July 1, 2022.

Findings/Results
This analysis included 93 obese and 93 nonobese patients. No significant difference in median VPA serum concentrations was observed between groups (P = 0.82). However, the obese group received a lower median weight-based dose (15.6 mg/kg) compared with the nonobese group (19.5 mg/kg, P < 0.001). A stronger correlation was found between VPA dose and therapeutic serum levels in the obese group compared with the nonobese group regardless of weight-based dosing strategy. Dosing with AdjBW in obese patients most closely approximated dosing with TBW in nonobese patients.

Implications/Conclusions
In obese patients, our analysis suggests dosing VPA using AdjBW may be considered as the preferred dosing strategy over IBW or TBW to minimize toxicity risk. Further research is needed with larger sample sizes and diverse patient populations to confirm these findings.
The Effect of 3D-Printed Custom Insoles on Plantar Pressure for Obese Individual
Authors: Özgün Ali Koray , Sezer Hüseyin Kürşad , Alsancak Serap , Şahin Ismail 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
There are many types of insoles made for obese individuals. However, there is a need for studies on insoles produced with 3D printers using flexible materials and comparing and examining the effect of these on plantar pressure.

Materials and Methods
An obese individual with a body mass index (BMI) > 35 recommended by physicians to use insoles was included in this study. The individual’s foot was scanned using a 3D scanner, and insoles were designed using CAD software. The insoles were produced with TPU-75A flexible filament on a 3D printer at different fill rates (5%, 10%, and 15%). The effects of the insoles on underfoot pressures were clinically compared.

Results
Custom insoles with different filling ratios were made for an obese individual using flexible filament in 3D printers. The most appropriate insole print filling ratio for minimum foot pain experienced by the obese patient during their daily activities has been determined. The results reveal that 3D-printed insoles distribute the plantar pressure more effectively with significantly reduced pressure in certain foot locations (i.e., heel, under the first metatarsal) as compared with the existing insoles.

Conclusions
Manufactured by additive manufacturing, these insoles are produced using a fully digitized scanning process that creates virtually no material wastage. The thermoplastic polyurethane was preferred due to its favorable properties. By changing the pressure structure and internal filling system, it allows producing personalized insoles in the desired contact areas of hard and soft.

Clinical Relevance
This study provides evidence that insoles produced in 3D printers with flexible materials are as effective as insoles produced with traditional methods in reducing plantar pressure. Therefore, it is an alternative to traditional methods due to less labor.
Validation of the validity of the new wrist-type fully automatic blood pressure monitor: DBP-2242 according to ISO 81060-2:2018+AMD 1:2020
Authors: Jin Yuehong , Bei Xiaoming , Jin Ying 
Published: July 2024

Objective
Evaluation of the accuracy of the wrist-type fully automatic blood pressure (BP) monitor: DBP-2242 in adolescent and adult populations according to ISO 81060-2 : 2018+Amd.1 : 2020.

Methods
BP measurements were taken from the subjects using the same-arm sequential method, and BP data measured by a mercury sphygmomanometer was used as the standard.

Results
This study analyzed 262 sets of data from 89 subjects. According to criterion 1, the mean difference between the SBP of the test and reference devices was −0.57 ± 7.31 mmHg, and the DBP was −2.27 ± 7.17 mmHg, which is in accordance with the requirements. According to criterion 2, the average difference between the SBP was −0.57 ± 6.25 mmHg and the DBP was −2.27 ± 5.99 mmHg, which is in accordance with the requirements.

Conclusion
Wrist-type fully automatic BP monitor: DBP-2242 complies with ISO 81060-2 : 2018+Amd.1 : 2020 and can be used for BP measurement in adolescent and adult populations.