bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal Soil Quality Assessment under Crop Rotation Irrigated with Treated Urban Wastewater using Fuzzy Modelling
Authors: Ghaemi Marjan , Astaraei Ali R. , Mahalati Mehdi Nassiri , Emami Hojat , Sanaeinejad Hossein H. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Quantifying soil quality is important for assessing soil management practices effects on spatial and temporal variability of soil quality at the field scale. We studied the possibility of defining a simple and practical fuzzy soil quality index based on biological, chemical and physical indicators for assessing quality variations of soil irrigated with well water and treated urban wastewater during two experimental years. In this study 6 properties considered as minimum data set were selected out of 18 soil properties as total data set using the principal component analysis. Treated urban wastewater use had greater impact on biological and chemical quality. The results showed that the studied minimum data set could be a suitable representative of total data set. Significant correlation between the fuzzy soil quality index and crop yield (R2= 0.72) indicated the index had high biological significance for studied area. Fuzzy soil quality index approach (R2= 0.99) could be effectively utilized as a tool leading to better understanding soil quality changes. This is a first trial of creation of a universal index of soil quality undertaken.
Conformational Changes in Wheat Gluten After using Ag-nanoparticles
Authors: Nawrocka Agnieszka 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles have antimicrobial properties since they can be regarded as an efficient protector against pathogenic microorganisms. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to examine conformational changes in the secondary structure of wheat gluten washed out from grain treated with an aqueous solution of silver nanoparticles stabilized by tri-sodium citrate. Silver nanoparticles were used as a protective layer on the grain surface against bacterial and fungal infections (antimicrobial agent). Analysis of the amide I band revealed significant changes in the secondary structure after using silver nanoparticles. An increase in the β-sheet content (from 36.2 to 39.2%) was observed at the expense of the α-helix and β-turn content. To find factors causing these changes, the wheat grains were treated by an aqueous solution of trisodium citrate and water. The results obtained indicate that the changes in the gluten structure were connected mainly with the trisodium citrate action due to presence of a small number of free molecules of the stabilizer in the solution of silver nanoparticles. Additionally, the conformational changes in gluten pointed out that gluten flexibility increased (decrease in the αH/βS ratio from 1.40 for the control sample to 1.26 for the silver nanoparticle-treated samples) as well as the solubility of gluten decreased (decrease in the β-turn content from 13.1 to 11.4%).
Physical Methods of Microalgal Biomass Pretreatment
Authors: Piasecka Agata , Krzemińska Izabela , Tys Jerzy 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The prospect of depletion of natural energy resources on the Earth forces researchers to seek and explore new and alternative energy sources. Biomass is a composite resource that can be used in many ways leading to diversity of products. Therefore, microalgal biomass offers great potential. The main aim of this study is to find the best physical method of microalgal biomass pretreatment that guarantees efficient lipid extraction. These studies identifies biochemical composition of microalgal biomass as source for biodisel production. The influence of drying at different temperatures and lyophilization was investigated. In addition, wet and untreated biomass was examined. Cell disruption (sonication and microwave) techniques were used to improve lipid extraction from wet biomass. Additionally, two different extraction methods were carried out to select the best method of crude oil extraction. The results of this study show that wet biomass after sonication is the most suitable for extraction. The fatty acid composition of microalgal biomass includes linoleic acid (C18:2), palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linolenic acid (C18:3), and stearic acid (C18:0), which play a key role in biodiesel production.
Effect of Long Storage and Soil Type on the Actual Denitrification and Denitrification Capacity to N2O Formation
Authors: Włodarczyk Teresa , Szarlip Paweł , Kozieł Wojciech , Nosalewicz Magdalena , Brzezińska Małgorzata , Pazur Marek , Urbanek Emilia 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The actual denitrification to N2O and denitri-fication capacity to N2O after flooding of different soil samples stored for over 25 years in air-dry conditions and fresh, air dried samples were compared in our study. Zero N2O release was observed from the stored soils but the fresh soil samples had very low actual denitrification to N2O. NO3- addition significantly increased the amount of N2O (denitrification capacity to N2O) released after flooding, which depended on the length of storage and type of soils and was much higher in stored soils. Prolonged exposure of the soils to drought conditions caused a greater decrease in the Eh value compared with the fresh soil. The total cumulative release of N2O from the stored and fresh soils was correlated with the reduced NO3- and organic C content in soils enriched with NO3-. Some soils showed the capability of N2O consumption. CO2 release depended on the length of storage and type of soils under flooding after pro-longed drought. On average, CO2 release was higher from the stored rather than fresh soils. The organic C content in the stored soils was generally lower than in the fresh soils, probably due to the storage effect. The cumulative CO2 release from the stored soils was well correlated with the organic C while no correlation was observed for the fresh soil samples.
Physical and Biochemical Properties of Selected Tropical Fruits
Authors: Athmaselvi K.A. , Jenney Pandian , Pavithra C. , Roy Ishita 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the physical and biochemical properties of guava, sapota, and papaya. The physical properties studied were: dimensions, shell ratio, surface area, bulk and true density, porosity, sphericity, packing coefficient, aspect ratio, and roundness index. The specific heat at various mass fractions, biochemical properties like pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and colour analysis were studied for fruit pulps. The viscosity of fruits was studied at various mass fractions. The high sphericity of guava and sapota indicated that those fruits had high rolling capability, which is an important factor for designing hoppers. Biochemical analysis showed that sapota was the sweetest fruit amongst the three studied.
Trace elements in scalp hair of leukaemia patients
Authors: Khuder Ali , Bakir Mohammad Adel , Hasan Reem , Mohammad Ali , Habil Khozama 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in scalp hair of leukaemia patients and healthy volunteers, using the optimised XRF method. Leukaemia hair samples were classifi ed corresponding to type, growth and age of the participants. The results showed that the studied trace elements (TEs) in both of leukaemia and control groups were positively skewed. In comparison with the control group, lower Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb and higher of Ni medians were found in all studied leukaemia patients. The median rank obtained by Mann-Whitney U-test revealed insignifi cant differences between the leukaemia patients subgroups and the controls. An exact probability (α < 0.05) associated with the U-test showed signifi cant differences between medians in leukaemia patients and controls groups for Pb (lymphatic/control, acute/control), Cu (lymphatic/control, chronic/control), Ni (lymphatic/control, chronic/control) and Fe (chronic/control). Very strong positive and negative correlations (r > 0.70) in the scalp hair of control group were observed between Ni/Fe-Ni, Cu/Fe-Cu, Zn/Fe-Zn, Pb/Fe-Pb, Cu/Ni-Zn/Ni, Cu/Ni-Pb/Ni, Zn/Ni-Pb/Ni, Zn/Fe-Zn/Cu, Pb/Ni-Ni and Ni/Fe-Pb/Ni, whereas only very strong positive ratios in the scalp hair of leukaemia patients group were observed between Ni/Fe-Ni, Cu/Fe-Cu, Zn/Fe-Zn and Pb/Fe-Pb, all correlations were signifi cant at p < 0.05. Other strong and signifi cant correlations were also observed in scalp hair of both groups. Signifi cant differences between grouping of studied TEs in all classifi ed leukaemia groups and controls were found using principal component analysis (PCA). The results of PCA confi rmed that the type and the growth of leukaemia factors were more important in element loading than the age factor.
Prevalence of Joint Hypermobility Syndrome Amongst Dental Students of the Medical University of Lublin
Authors: Szalewska Magdalena , Lupa Marta , Pochroń Natalia , Pudzianowski Stanisław , Szalewski Leszek , Bożyk Andrzej , Borowicz Janusz 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction. The joint hypermobility syndrome is a connective tissue disorder affecting the entire organism. The symptoms include laxity of joint-stabilizing capsules and ligaments, excessive joint mobility and other accompanying symptoms. Some symptoms manifest in the oral cavity, which is of importance to dentists.

Aim. The authors attempted to determine the prevalence of joint hypermobility syndrome in the population studied.

Material and methods. The questionnaire study was conducted amongst students of the Faculty of Medicine with Dentistry Division, Medical University of Lublin. The study population consisted of 321 individuals, including 283 Polish students and 37 students of south-eastern nationalities (Saudi Arabia, Taiwan).

Results and conclusions. The prevalence of constitutional hypermobility amongst dental students is comparable to that reported in literature. Constitutional hypermobility is more common in students of south-eastern nationalities than in Polish students.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid – Composition and Clinical Importance in Gingivitis and Periodontitis
Authors: Rahnama Mansur , Czupkałło Łukasz , Kozicka-Czupkałło Maryla , Łobacz Michał 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Among many substances used in clinical diagnosis, such as peripheral blood, gum homogenate, saliva and gingival pocket fluid, it is the latter that seems to bean extremely valuable diagnostic and research material. Identification of mediators in gingival crevicular fluid, both in the healthy gingival fissure, as well as in pathological periodontal pockets can be a valuable supplement to the initial diagnosis and describe the mechanism of gumorperiodontal diseases.
Changes in the concentration of individual components in the gingival crevicular fluid may be used to assess the severity of periodontal disease.
There are numerous methods for collecting fluid from the sulcus described: Micro-capillary drainage, micropipette drainage, rinsing pocket or drainage with the use of methylcellulose strips and then reading with Periotron.
Gingival fluid is composed mainly of blood electrolytes and organic molecules, i.e. albumins, globulins, lipoproteins or fibrinogen and cellular components as well as peptides, bacteria and enzymes.
Therefore gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is treated as a window for noninvasive analysis of periodontitis, taking into account indicators and markers of connective tissue and bone destruction.
Composite Inlays as A Modern Way of Posterior Restorations in the Dental Arch
Authors: Chałas Renata , Jurczykowska Marta , Marczyński Rafał , Pels Elżbieta 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Modern restorative dentistry offers many methods of restoring qualitative cavities within the clinical crowns. Due to the concept of maintaining continuity of the dental arch and maintaining the correct plane of occlusion, for reconstruction of posterior teeth, there are especially recommended indirect restorations, which are made in the dental laboratory, i.e. crown inlays.
The aim of the study was based on the literature to describe indications, classifications and advantages of indirect composite inlays. Additionally, factors affecting the durability of indirect composite inlays and the influence on stomatognathic system were noted. Authors concluded that composite inlays can be recommended restoration method, not only in situations of loss of clinical crown tissue, but also in situations where it is necessary as structural reinforcement, e.g., in the case of Cracked Tooth Syndrome or Molar Incisor Hypomineralization.
The Effect of Sowing Quantity and Row Spacing on Seed Production of Few Minor Grass Species
Authors: Martyniak Danuta , Żurek Grzegorz 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A wide range of seed material from different grass species is necessary to keep high quality grasslands and to create buffer zones between arable lands and forest and to re-cultivate waste or fallow land. Therefore, the aim of our research was to describe elements of seed propagation of some minor grass species. On the basis of field experiments, different spacing and seed quantities were investigated for Beckmannia eruciformis, Cynosurus cristatus and Elytrigia elongata aiming at an optimal seed production. Satisfying seed yields were obtained even at a reduced (50% to 75%) amount of seed quantity, as compared to theoretical (or normal) values, calculated on the basis of number of plants per area unit.
Resistance to Phytophthora Infestans in Three Solanum Nigrum F3 Families
Authors: Śliwka Jadwiga , Tomczyńska Iga , Chmielarz Marcin , Stefańczyk Emil , Lebecka Renata , Zimnoch-Guzowska Ewa 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSolanum nigrumis a self-pollinating, hexaploid weed and one of a fewSolanaceaespecies native to Europe. It used to be described as a non-host forPhytophthora infestans. However, now it is known that, like its distant relatives: potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.),S. nigrumcan suffer from potato late blight caused by this pathogen. Both susceptible and resistantS. nigrumgenotypes have been previously identified and inheritance of resistance originating from one accession has been described based on population of F2plants and 15 F3lines. The goal of this study was to evaluate resistance of three families of F3lines, originating from crosses between a susceptible and three different resistantS. nigrumaccessions followed by two self-pollinations. Parental accessions were tested for the spectrum of late blight resistance against 48P. infestansisolates. The three families consisted of 106, 96 and 115 F3lines, respectively, and from each line 20 plants were tested for resistance toP. infestans. Laboratory detached leaf assays were performed in two dates and two replications of three leaves each. Segregation of the trait within the line allowed us to distinguish hetero- and homozygous lines. In one F3family, the ratio of resistant homozygotes: heterozygotes: susceptible homozygotes was 1:2:1, indicating that a single gene is most likely underlying the late blight resistance in this case. In the other two, observed segregations of the trait significantly deviated from this model suggesting more complex inheritance patterns.
Effect of Seed Priming on Improvement of Germination of Vicia Villosa Under Allelopathic Components of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis
Authors: Saberi Morteza , Tamian Farajollah 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of seed priming in improving seed germination and seedling vigor ofVicia villosaunder laboratory conditions. Chemical stimulators included: gibberel-lic acid (125,250 and 500 ppm), salicylic acid (100,200 and 300 mg/lit) and extract ofEucalyptus camaldulen-sis(0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 %). This experiment was carried out as factorial experiment based on a randomized completely design, with four replications. The results showed thatEucalyptus camaldulensisextract had in-hibitive effect on germination and early seedling growth ofVicia villosa. Early seedling growth ofVicia villosaincreased by pretreatment of seeds in chemical stimulators so that the highest effect was observed in gibberellic acid (250 ppm). The chemical stimulators don’t have any effect on germination speed. Interaction effects of allelopathic and pretreatment with chemical stimulators were significance on germination percentage, root, shoot and plant length and seed vigor index.
Clustering Durum Wheat Genotypes in Multi-Environmental Trials of Rain-Fed Conditions
Authors: Sabaghnia Naser , Mohammadi Mohtasham , Karimizadeh Rahmatollah 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFor durum wheat genotypes evaluation in multi-environmental trials (MET), measured seed yield is the combined result of effects of genotype (G), environment (E) and genotype by environment GE interaction. The GE interaction structure can be identified if the data are stratified into homogeneous subsets through cluster analysis. A combined analysis to assess GE interactions of 20 durum wheat genotypes across 14 environments was undertaken. The combined analysis of variance for E, G and GE interaction was significant, suggesting differential responses of the genotypes in various environments. Four cluster methods, which differ in the dissimilarity indices depending on the regression model or ANOVA model, were used. According to dendograms of regression methods there were 10 different genotypic groups based on G (intercept) and GE (line slope) sources and 3 different genotypic groups based on GE (line slope) sources. Also, the dendograms of ANOVA methods indicated 11 different genotypic groups based on G and GE sources and 13 different genotypic groups based on GE sources. The above mentioned genotypic groups were determined via F-test as an empirical stopping criterion for clustering. Due to the high values of regression’s determination coefficient which ranged from 92.6 to 99.4, using of the linear regression-based clustering was more practical. The genotypes clustering based on similarity of linear regression parameters or ANOVA model indicated that there were considerable variations among durum wheat genotypes and there are different with each other in response to environmental changes. Such an outcome could be regularly applied in the future to clattering durum wheat genotypes and other crops based on regression or ANOVA models in the Middle East and other areas of the world.
Genetic Variation of Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) and Related Species Revealed by ISSR Analysis
Authors: Bagmohammadi Hamed , Pahlevani Mohammadhadi , Ahmadikhah Asadollah , Razavi Seyed Esmaeil 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Genetic diversity of eight genotypes of Carthamus tinctorius L., two populations of C. oxyacanthus, and one population of C. lanatus was investigated using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. All samples were uniquely distinguished by 10 ISSR primers with 144 bands which generated 100% polymorphism. Furthermore, the ISSR markers could separate three safflower species properly, that highlights the effectiveness of this marker system for phylogenetic studies. The most and least informative primers were ISSR9 (PIC=0.367) and ISSR2 (PIC=0.254), and some primers were more efficient in detecting polymorphism in one species than for the others. Unweighed pair-group method with arithmetical averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis enabled construction of a dendrogram for estimating genetic distances among different populations. The result of cluster analysis suggested that cultivated and wild populations of C. oxyacanthus had close relationship with each other and far relationship with C. lanatus. The extreme genetic dissimilarity was observed between genotypes of C. tinctorius and C. lanatus populations. Based on the results, C. oxyacanthus could introduce favorable genes to cultivated safflower via inter-specific hybridization in breeding programs. Nei’s gene diversity index, Shannon’s index and percent of polymorphic loci showed that Isfahan ecotype of C. oxyacanthus had the highest variation at DNA level in relation to populations of other species. The ISSRs developed in this research along with those recently studied by other researchers will contribute to construct genetic map with a density sufficient for safflower molecular breeding.
Shelf Life of Kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus L.) Seed Stored Under Humid Tropical Conditions
Authors: Adebisi M.A. , Esuruoso O.A. , Adetumbi J.A. , Abdul-Rafiu A.M. , Kehinde T.O. , Ajani O.O. , Agboola D.A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Successful crop production depends initially on the availability of high-quality seed. Seed viability and vigour of four kenaf varieties during storage were investigated. Seeds of each variety were packed inside thick polythene bags and kept in Seed Stores under ambient conditions in two storage locations (Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB) (29.8°C, 59.10 RH%) and Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan (27.5°C, 64.68 RH%) for 240 days (8 months). Seeds were sampled during storage at 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 days and tested for seed viability and seedling vigour index. Data collected on seed viability and seedling vigour were analyzed using ANOVA, mean separation using Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5% probability level and PROBIT analysis. The results showed differential responses in the two quality traits due to differences in storage location and varieties. Ibadan storage location provided more favourable conditions for higher seed quality compared to Abeokuta location while Ifeken 400 and Tianung had the best storage potential. The study showed that under ambient humid tropical conditions, storage period should not exceed 180 days (6 months) in order to maintain higher physiological quality with little or no cost. The PROBIT result revealed that the highest seed shelf life (longevity) of kenaf seeds of 8 to 9 months was derived for seeds of Ifeken 400 and Tianung stored in Ibadan and Abeokuta. The shortest shelf life of 6 months was estimated for Ifeken 100 stored in both locations.