bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Online Survey of Exercise‐Related Headaches Among Cyclists
Authors: van der Ende‐Kastelijn Karin , Oerlemans Willem , Goedegebuure Simon 
Published: November 2012

Background.— Primary exertional headache (PEH) is a long‐known phenomenon. Divergent prevalences of between 0.2 and 12.3% are reported among the general population. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence among an athletic population.Method.— A link to an online questionnaire was sent to all participants of a tough cycling event held in The Netherlands.Results.— Four thousand participants filled out the questionnaire. One thousand eight hundred and ten (45%) stated that they had suffered, at least once in their lives, from exercise‐related headaches (EHs). Thirty‐seven percent (668) of them had those headaches at least once a month and 10% (174) experienced a weekly occurrence. The rate of female cyclists with a history of EHs was 54%. With an increasing age, a decline of EHs was found. Five hundred eighty‐one (37%) of the participants used medication for EHs.Conclusions.— An estimation of the prevalence of PEHs among the studied population by comparison to the International Headache Society criteria resulted in a rate of 26%. The lower prevalence among older cyclists could be caused by avoidance of (high‐intensity) exercise due to the burden that EH brings along. PEH appears to be quite common among an athletic population and merits further investigation.
Perception of affective prosody in patients at an early stage of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kraemer Markus , Herold Michele , Uekermann Jennifer , Kis Bernhard , Daum Irene , Wiltfang Jens , Berlit Peter , Diehl Rolf R. , Abdel‐Hamid Mona 
Published: November 2012

Cognitive dysfunction is well known in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) and has been described for many years. Cognitive impairment, memory, and attention deficits seem to be features of advanced MS stages, whereas depression and emotional instability already occur in early stages of the disease. However, little is known about processing of affective prosody in patients in early stages of relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS). In this study, tests assessing attention, memory, and processing of affective prosody were administered to 25 adult patients with a diagnosis of RRMS at an early stage and to 25 healthy controls (HC). Early stages of the disease were defined as being diagnosed with RRMS in the last 2 years and having an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) of 2 or lower. Patients and HC were comparable in intelligence quotient (IQ), educational level, age, handedness, and gender. Patients with early stages of RRMS performed below the control group with respect to the subtests ‘discrimination of affective prosody’ and ‘matching of affective prosody to facial expression’ for the emotion ‘angry’ of the ‘Tübingen Affect Battery’. These deficits were not related to executive performance. Our findings suggest that emotional prosody comprehension is deficient in young patients with early stages of RRMS. Deficits in discriminating affective prosody early in the disease may make misunderstandings and poor communication more likely. This might negatively influence interpersonal relationships and quality of life in patients with RRMS.
Self‐medication practices for managing tooth pain amongst patients attending oral surgery clinics
Authors: Baptist J. , Sharma S.M. , Hegde N. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAim and objectives1 To assess the prevalence of self‐medication practices for tooth pain amongst patients seeking dental care in the Oral Surgery Department. 2 To identify reasons for self‐medication. 3 To assess the awareness of the side effects and contra indications of the drugs used for self‐medication.Material and methods300 patients over the age of 14 years attending the out patient clinic of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics complaining of tooth pain were given a questionnaire containing 18 questions pertaining to the practice of self medication.Results59% of the respondents in the study reported self medication for tooth pain and almost 86% of these individuals obtained pain relief. However only a very few were aware of the dosage, side effects and contra indications of these medicines.ConclusionSelf medication is desirable when used responsibly. Hence modifications in self medication practices, such as, patient education, display of basic drug information on the drug packages, and stringent and uniform international laws regarding drug dispensing will optimize the present health care system.
When good intentions are not enough … Insights on networks of “paper park” marine protected areas
Authors: Rife Alexis N. , Erisman Brad , Sanchez Alexandra , Aburto‐Oropeza Octavio 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn efforts to protect the world's oceans, the Convention on Biological Diversity has moved the goal of establishing marine protected areas (MPAs) to cover 10% of the ocean from 2012 to 2020. This adjustment suggests that the rush to establish MPAs without proper resources does not resolve conservation problems. In fact, such actions may create a false sense of protection that camouflages degradation of marine ecosystems on regional scales. To exemplify this phenomenon, we reviewed MPA efficacy in the Gulf of California, Mexico, where some 23,300 km2have been decreed as MPAs. With the exception of Cabo Pulmo National Park, MPAs have not met conservation or sustainability goals. We examined MPA budgets and foundations’ investment in the region and found that funding for management is not the limiting factor in MPA efficacy, although funding for enforcement may be deficient. We conclude that MPAs have failed because of insufficient no‐take zones, lack of enforcement, poor governance, and minimal community involvement. We need a new philosophy to implement MPAs to take advantage of the scientific knowledge and monetary investment that have been generated worldwide and ensure that they complement effective fisheries management outside their borders.
Evaluation of Satellite-Based and Reanalysis Precipitation Data in the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Pfeifroth Uwe , Mueller Richard , Ahrens Bodo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGlobal precipitation monitoring is essential for understanding the earth’s water and energy cycle. Therefore, usage of satellite-based precipitation data is necessary where in situ data are rare. In addition, atmospheric-model-based reanalysis data feature global data coverage and offer a full catalog of atmospheric variables including precipitation. In this study, two model-based reanalysis products, the interim reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA-Interim) and NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), as well as two satellite-based datasets obtained by the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCP) and Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite Data (HOAPS) are evaluated. The evaluation is based on monthly precipitation in the tropical Pacific Ocean during the time period 1989–2005. Rain-gauge atoll station data provided by the Pacific Rainfall Database (PACRAIN) are used as ground-based reference. It is shown that the analyzed precipitation datasets offer temporal correlations ranging from 0.7 to 0.8 for absolute amounts and from 0.6 to 0.75 for monthly anomalies. Average monthly deviations are in the range of 20%–30%. GPCP offers the highest correlation and lowest monthly deviations with reference to PACRAIN station data. The HOAPS precipitation data perform in the range of the reanalysis precipitation datasets. In high native spatial resolution, HOAPS reveals deficiencies owing to its relatively sparse temporal coverage. This result emphasizes that temporal coverage is critical for controlling the performance of precipitation monitoring. Both reanalysis products show similar systematic behaviors in overestimating small and medium precipitation amounts and underestimating high amounts.
Lifting of Ambient Air by Density Currents in Sheared Environments
Authors: Davies-Jones Robert , Markowski Paul 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Two aspects of vorticity associated with cold pools are addressed. First, tilting of horizontal vortex tubes by the updraft at a gust front has been proposed as a means of getting near-ground rotation and hence a tornado. Theory and a numerical simulation are used to show that this mechanism will not work because warm air parcels approaching the gust front decelerate in strong adverse pressure gradient. The near-surface horizontal vorticity available for upward tilting is greatly reduced by horizontal compression before it is tilted. Consequently, uplifting of vortex tubes produces little vertical vorticity near the ground.
Second, it is shown that the baroclinic vorticity generated at the leading edge of the cold pool is transported rearward in the vortex sheet along the interface between cold and warm air, and the barotropic vorticity associated with environmental shear is conserved along streamlines. Warm parcels away from the interface do not acquire baroclinic vorticity to offset their barotropic vorticity, as assumed in a theory for long-lived squall lines. The vortex sheet has a far-field effect on the circulation in the warm air. A steady-state vortex method is used to propose why there is a steady noncirculating density current only when a lid is present and at a specific height.
A Theory for the Lower-Tropospheric Structure of the Moist Isentropic Circulation
Authors: Laliberté Frédéric , Shaw Tiffany , Pauluis Olivier 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
A theoretical model describing the structure of the dry and moist isentropic circulations in the lower troposphere is derived. It decomposes the meridional flow in the troposphere into three contributions: a dry equatorward flow, a cold moist equatorward flow, and a warm moist poleward flow in the mixed layer. The model is based on observations of the meridional mass fluxes joint distribution in potential temperature and equivalent potential temperature. It updates an existing model of the dry circulation by emphasizing the role of moisture in the mixed layer. The model is used to derive an expression for the ratio of moist to dry circulation strengths and this expression is used to assess the influence of surface thermodynamics on the circulations. It predicts that the moist circulation should be between 1.5 and 2 times as strong as the dry circulation and that this relative strength should not increase indefinitely with increasing surface temperature variability. The model also yields an expression for the ratio of total meridional heat fluxes to meridional sensible heat fluxes. This expression indicates that while an increase in the total heat fluxes occurs when surface temperature variability increases (via an increase in latent heat flux), it cannot increase indefinitely. The results suggest that changes in surface thermodynamic conditions must be constrained to constrain changes in the meridional overturning circulation associated with a warming climate.
Influence of Continental Ice Retreat on Future Global Climate
Authors: Hu Aixue , Meehl Gerald A. , Han Weiqing , Yin Jianjun , Wu Bingyi , Kimoto Masahide 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Evidence from observations indicates a net loss of global land-based ice and a rise of global sea level. Other than sea level rise, it is not clear how this loss of land-based ice could affect other aspects of global climate in the future. Here, the authors use the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) to evaluate the potential influence of shrinking land-based ice on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and surface climate in the next two centuries under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) A1B scenario with prescribed rates of melting for the Greenland Ice Sheet, West Antarctic Ice Sheet, and mountain glaciers and ice caps. Results show that the AMOC, in general, is only sensitive to the freshwater discharge directly into the North Atlantic over the next two centuries. If the loss of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet would not significantly increase from its current rate, it would not have much effect on the AMOC. The AMOC slows down further only when the surface freshwater input due to runoff from land-based ice melt becomes large enough to generate a net freshwater gain in the upper North Atlantic. This further-weakened AMOC does not cool the global mean climate, but it does cause less warming, especially in the northern high latitudes and, in particular, in Europe. The projected precipitation increase in North America in the standard run becomes a net reduction in the simulation that includes land ice runoff, but there are precipitation increases in west Australia in the simulations where the AMOC slows down because of the inclusion of land-based ice runoff.
On a new class of Hardy-type inequalities
Authors: Adeleke EO , Čižmešija A , Oguntuase JA , Persson L-E , Pokaz D 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In this paper, we generalize a Hardy-type inequality to the class of arbitrary non-negative functions bounded from below and above with a convex function multiplied with positive real constants. This enables us to obtain new generalizations of the classical integral Hardy, Hardy-Hilbert, Hardy-Littlewood-Pólya, and Pólya-Knopp inequalities as well as of Godunova’s and of some recently obtained inequalities in multidimensional settings. Finally, we apply a similar idea to functions bounded from below and above with a superquadratic function.

MSC: 26D10, 26D15.
False discovery rates in spectral identification
Authors: Jeong Kyowon , Kim Sangtae , Bandeira Nuno 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAutomated database search engines are one of the fundamental engines of high-throughput proteomics enabling daily identifications of hundreds of thousands of peptides and proteins from tandem mass (MS/MS) spectrometry data. Nevertheless, this automation also makes it humanly impossible to manually validate the vast lists of resulting identifications from such high-throughput searches. This challenge is usually addressed by using a Target-Decoy Approach (TDA) to impose an empirical False Discovery Rate (FDR) at a pre-determined thresholdx% with the expectation that at mostx% of the returned identifications would be false positives. But despite the fundamental importance of FDR estimates in ensuring the utility of large lists of identifications, there is surprisingly little consensus on exactly how TDA should be applied to minimize the chances of biased FDR estimates. In fact, since less rigorous TDA/FDR estimates tend to result in more identifications (at higher 'true' FDR), there is often little incentive to enforce strict TDA/FDR procedures in studies where the major metric of success is the size of the list of identifications and there are no follow up studies imposing hard cost constraints on the number of reported false positives.Here we address the problem of the accuracy of TDA estimates of empirical FDR. Using MS/MS spectra from samples where we were able to define afactualFDR estimator of 'true' FDR we evaluate several popular variants of the TDA procedure in a variety of database search contexts. We show that the fraction of false identifications can sometimes be over 10×higher than reported and may be unavoidably high for certain types of searches. In addition, we further report that the two-pass search strategy seems the most promising database search strategy.While unavoidably constrained by the particulars of any specific evaluation dataset, our observations support a series of recommendations towards maximizing the number of resulting identifications while controlling database searches with robust and reproducible TDA estimation of empirical FDR.
The family of DOF transcription factors in Brachypodium distachyon: phylogenetic comparison with rice and barley DOFs and expression profiling
Authors: Hernando-Amado Sara , González-Calle Virginia , Carbonero Pilar , Barrero-Sicilia Cristina 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that have played a central role both in evolution and in domestication, and are major regulators of development in living organisms. Plant genome sequences reveal that approximately 7% of all genes encode putative TFs. The DOF (DNA binding with One Finger) TF family has been associated with vital processes exclusive to higher plants and to their close ancestors (algae, mosses and ferns). These are seed maturation and germination, light-mediated regulation, phytohormone and plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, etc. In Hordeum vulgare and Oryza sativa, 26 and 30 different Dof genes, respectively, have been annotated. Brachypodium distachyon has been the first Pooideae grass to be sequenced and, due to its genomic, morphological and physiological characteristics, has emerged as the model system for temperate cereals, such as wheat and barley.

Results
Through searches in the B. distachyon genome, 27 Dof genes have been identified and a phylogenetic comparison with the Oryza sativa and the Hordeum vulgare DOFs has been performed. To explore the evolutionary relationship among these DOF proteins, a combined phylogenetic tree has been constructed with the Brachypodium DOFs and those from rice and barley. This phylogenetic analysis has classified the DOF proteins into four Major Cluster of Orthologous Groups (MCOGs). Using RT-qPCR analysis the expression profiles of the annotated BdDof genes across four organs (leaves, roots, spikes and seeds) has been investigated. These results have led to a classification of the BdDof genes into two groups, according to their expression levels. The genes highly or preferentially expressed in seeds have been subjected to a more detailed expression analysis (maturation, dry stage and germination).

Conclusions
Comparison of the expression profiles of the Brachypodium Dof genes with the published functions of closely related DOF sequences from the cereal species considered here, deduced from the phylogenetic analysis, indicates that although the expression profile has been conserved in many of the putative orthologs, in some cases duplication followed by subsequent divergence may have occurred (neo-functionalization).
Rapid identification of a major diffusion/perfusion mismatch in distal internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke
Authors: Hakimelahi Reza , Yoo Albert J , He Julian , Schwamm Lee H , Lev Michael H , Schaefer Pamela W , González Ramon Gilberto 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
We tested the hypothesis that in patients with occlusion of the terminal internal carotid artery and/or the proximal middle cerebral artery, a diffusion abnormality of 70 ml or less is accompanied by a diffusion/perfusion mismatch of at least 100%.

Methods
Sixty-eight consecutive patients with terminal ICA and/or proximal MCA occlusions and who underwent diffusion/perfusion MRI within 24 hours of stroke onset were retrospectively identified. DWI and mean transit time (MTT) volumes were measured. Prospectively, 48 consecutive patients were identified with the same inclusion criteria. DWI and time to peak (TTP) lesion volumes were measured. A large mismatch volume was defined as an MTT or TTP abnormality at least twice the DWI lesion volume.

Results
In the retrospective study, 49 of 68 patients had a DWI lesion volume ≤ 70 ml (mean 20.2 ml; SEM 2.9 ml). A DWI/MTT mismatch of > 100% was observed in all 49 patients (P < .0001). In the prospective study, there were 35/48 patients with DWI volumes ≤ 70 ml (mean 18.7 ml; SEM 3.0 ml). A mismatch > 100% was present in all 35 (P < .0001).

Conclusions
Acute stroke patients with major anterior circulation artery occlusion are exceedingly likely to have a major diffusion/perfusion mismatch if the diffusion lesion volume is 70 ml or less. This suggests that physiology-based patient assessments may be made using only vessel imaging and diffusion MRI as a simple alternative to perfusion imaging.
The effects of reminiscence therapy on depressive symptoms of Chinese elderly: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Ting-ji , Li Hui-jie , Li Juan 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders with a high prevalence among the older adults. In recent years, after realizing some side effects of the antidepressants, non-pharmacological psychological treatments begin to attract accruing attention. Reminiscence therapy is one of the psychological treatments that specially designed for the elderly to improve their mental health status by recalling and assessing their existing memory. Though some studies indicate reminiscence therapy can be effective and beneficial for the mental health of elderly, the conclusions are not consistent yet. The aim of this research is to assess the effectiveness of reminiscence therapy for Chinese elderly.

Methods
Sixty older adults (≥60 years of age) with mild to moderate depression will be randomly assigned to an experimental or a control condition. The participants in the experiment group will receive the reminiscence therapy under the Watt’s protocol with adaptation to Chinese Culture which consists of six weekly sessions of 90 minutes each. The control group will be treated as before. An assessor who is blind to intervention will conduct the measures before treatment, after treatment immediately, and three months after treatment.

Discussion
This study will provide the evidence whether the reminiscence therapy is effective to treat depressive symptoms of Chinese elderly. This research has been registered in the clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01553669).
Towards scalable production of a collagen-like protein from Streptococcus pyogenes for biomedical applications
Authors: Peng Yong Y , Howell Linda , Stoichevska Violet , Werkmeister Jerome A , Dumsday Geoff J , Ramshaw John A M 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Collagen has proved valuable as biomedical materials for a range of clinical applications, particularly in wound healing. It is normally produced from animal sources, such as from bovines, but concerns have emerged over transmission of diseases. Recombinant collagens would be preferable, but are difficult to produce. Recently, studies have shown that ‘collagens’ from bacteria, including Streptococcus pyogenes, can be produced in the laboratory as recombinant products, and that these are biocompatible. In the present study we have established that examples of bacterial collagens can be produced in a bioreactor with high yields providing proof of manufacture of this important group of proteins.

Results
Production trials in shake flask cultures gave low yields of recombinant product, < 1 g/L. Increased yields, of around 1 g/L, were obtained when the shake flask process was transferred to a stirred tank bioreactor, and the yield was further enhanced to around 10 g/L by implementation of a high cell density fed-batch process and the use of suitably formulated fully defined media. Similar yields were obtained with 2 different constructs, one containing an introduced heparin binding domain. The best yields, of up to 19 g/L were obtained using this high cell density strategy, with an extended 24 h production time.

Conclusions
These data have shown that recombinant bacterial collagen from S. pyogenes, can be produced in sufficient yield by a scalable microbial production process to give commercially acceptable yields for broad use in biomedical applications.