bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT OF TRANSPORT SERVICE BY TROLLEY BUSES BASED ON THE LEVELS OF THEIR POWER DEMAND
Authors: Aulin V. V. , Plokhov I. O. , Holub D. V. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose. Use efficiency improvement of trolley buses in passenger traffic based on power levels of electric energy input and terms adjustment of their maintenance. Methodology. In order to achieve this goal conformance of electric energy input by trolleybus to the transported amount of passengers taking into account characteristics of the route is offered to establish. The major indicators of the trolleybus operation are: speed of a race on lines, number of tractive motor firing, voltage and amperage in the network that were taken with accountants from a dashboard. Research results were tabulated and recorded with DVR. Along with the study of power consumption of electric energy input by a trolleybus passenger count was carried out too. Findings. The directly proportional dependence between the level of energy consumption by a trolleybus and the number of passengers for constant performance route was determined. Originality. As the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the trolleybus operation on the route is proposed to use the ratio between electricity consumption and number of passengers for these characteristics of the route. This is confirmed experimentally. The obtained formulas give the possibility to balance the force work and consequently the volume of energy consumption during the trolleybus movement on the rise and the descent. Practical value. The proposed criterion can be used to adjust the terms of maintenance on the individual program, that means individual maintenance (IM). Type of work performed at the IM should be determined on the basis of diagnostic data of the vehicle (V). The principles of IM were formulated: 1) the primary task is planned and preventative strategy to identify and eliminate troubleshooting and technical actions; 2) operational control of the vehicle (V) technical condition on the basis of prediction of its state using the proposed criteria, that takes into account the dependence of power consumption to the number of passengers in the characteristics of the route; 3) individual approach to evaluate the technical condition of each specific vehicle (V); 4) individual prediction of the frequency of the maintenance and vehicle condition.
UPGRADING OF ECONOMIC SIMULATION METHODS FOR INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF INVESTMENTS
Authors: Myamlin S. V. , Zhyzhko K. V. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose. Main aim of research is improving the investment`s efficiency of industrial`s enterprises and economic sectors. Methodology. Methodological approaches to estimation of investment`s efficiency are improved by means of insights and analysis methods as well as by the methods of mathematical and economic modeling. Findings. Efficient mechanism for estimation rational level of using of investments was created and tested. The approach allows defining rational dependence between basic components of investment process (increase of income, volume of involving investment and time of investment project realization). Originality. Authors developed new economic-mathematical approach with aim of rational using of financial resources during the period of capital deficit. Approach based on solving problem of multi-objective optimization by means of using of set function. Application of proposed approach is up-to-date because of unstable economic situation in Ukraine. Practical value. As a result of using the developed economic-mathematical approach the rational options of investment can be found. The approach provides an opportunity to analyze a large number of possible investment projects and reduce it to the most profitable for investor. Developed approach also can be used in forming process of principles of highly efficient national economy.
MODELING OF FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES BASED ON FACTOR ANALYSIS
Authors: Novikov A. O. , Novikova M. M. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose. Financial and economic security defines sustainable financial development of the enterprise, that is balanced and sustained, it justifies the necessity to achieve it through the effective use of all kinds of resources that are available at the enterprise. The purpose of the article is to improve the methodical estimation bases of the financial and economic security state at the transport enterprises, taking into account sector specificity for making the effective management decisions. Methodology. Theoretical and methodical basis of the research is in the systematic analysis of the process of assessing and modeling of the financial and economic security of enterprises in transport sector, theoretical principles of economic science in the sphere of financial efficiency evaluation of economic activities in a changing environment. Findings. The structure of the financial and economic security of the enterprises in transport industry was studied. The internal communication between the partial indicators of the investigated process for selection of necessary and sufficient quantities of the most indicative factors of influence were defined. Partial components of the financial and economic security based on the results of its modeling formation at the transport enterprises using factor analysis methods were systematized. Originality. Authors improved the methodological basis of quantitative evaluation of the financial and economic security level at the transport enterprises on the basis of the aggregate partial indicators, which was formed with industry specificity. This allows evaluating complex estimation of the degree of external and internal factors influence on the financial and economic security at the enterprises to ensure the effective management decisions making in order to achieve planned financial performance indicators of their activity. Practical value. Certain trends of forming ability of the transport companies to protect their financial interests are common for the studied objects. They explain 72% of the total variability of partial characteristics and reflect the modern process features of financial management and economic security. This justifies practical use expediency of the formed aggregate of the partial indicators of the financial and economic security as the basic parameters of the integrated assessment of its state at the transport industry enterprises for providing timely detection and prevention possible threats of company functioning in the financial environment.
METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE VALUE OF COMPLEXITY PARAMETER FOR EMERGENCY SITUATION DURING DRIVING OF THE TRAIN
Authors: Horobchenko O. M. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose. During development of intelligent control systems for locomotive there is a need in the evaluation of the current train situation in the terms of traffic safety. In order to estimate the probability of the development of various emergency situations in to the traffic accidents, it is necessary to determine their complexity. The purpose of this paper is to develop the methodology for determining the complexity of emergency situations during the locomotive operation. Methodology. To achieve this purpose the statistical material of traffic safety violations was accumulated. The causes of violations are divided into groups: technical factors, human factors and external influences. Using the theory of hybrid networks it was obtained a model that gives the output complexity parameter of the emergency situation. Network type: multilayer perceptron with hybrid neurons of the first layer and the sigmoid activation function. The methods of the probability theory were used for the analysis of the results. Findings. The approach to the formalization of manufacturing situations that can only be described linguistically was developed, that allowed to use them as input data to the model for emergency situation. It was established and proved that the exponent of complexity for emergency situation during driving the train is a random quantity and obeys to the normal distribution law. It was obtained the graph of the cumulative distribution function, which identified the areas for safe operation and an increased risk of accident. Originality. It was proposed theoretical basis for determining the complexity of emergency situations in the train work and received the maximum complexity value of emergency situations that can be admitted in the operating conditions. Practical value. Constant monitoring of this value allows not only respond to the threat of danger, but also getting it in numerical form and use it as one of the input parameters for the locomotive intelligent control system. The decision on further control actions will be based on it.
INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL AND HEAT PROCESSES ON THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF HIGH-CHROMIUM CAST IRON DURING MACHINING
Authors: Netrebko V. V. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose. Analysis of changes of high-chromium cast irons' structure and properties under the influence of physical and heat factors during mechanical machining. Methodology. The methodology of evaluation of the cutting tool's force and heat influence on the machined material has been developed and applied. Cast specimens underwent preliminary turning to obtain the diameter of 25 mm. The microsection was made on the end surface of the specimen with the length of 50 mm. Standard plates with sizes 10×10 mm made of VK8 according to the State Standard 19051-80 were used in the turning process. Findings. Force influence on the specimens made of highchromium cast iron caused strain hardening during machining. Temperature influence on the structure and properties of high-chromium cast iron during machining caused increase of the plasticity characteristics of the metallic base in the cutting area, fragmentation of the carbide phase and elimination of the strain hardening. During turning with cutting depth 0.8 mm only force influence of the cutting tool on the specimen took place. Carbide inclusions in the surface layer didn't undergo sufficient changes; at the same time the metallic base was strain-hardened to 1 100 HV50. As it was drawn away from the turning surface, the microhardness of the metallic base was decreasing and equaled to 500…520 HV50 at the distance of 1.2 mm from the turning surface. Strain hardening was not observed at the depth of more than 3mm. Cutting depth increase up to 1.5 mm caused simultaneous influence of force and heat factors. The temperature influence revealed in increasing of metallic base plasticity in the specimen's surface layers. Strain hardening of heated surface layers didn't occur. While drawing away from the cutting surface, the influence of the temperature factor decreased, when the influence of force factor remained the same. Due to the base plasticity decrease the strain hardening occurred. The metallic base strain was hardened to 490…520 HV50. The overall heating of the specimen caused the decrease of strain hardening depth to 0.4 mm. Originality. The methodology of change evaluation of high-chromium cast iron structure and properties under the influence of physical and heat factors during mechanical machining has been elaborated. Practical value. This methodology allows developing the recommendations for choices of highchromium cast iron machining modes and conditions.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL DEVELOPMENT OF HEAT AND MASS EXCHANGE PROCESSES IN THE OUTDOOR SWIMMING POOL
Authors: Shaptala M. V. , Shaptala D. E. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose. Currently exploitation of outdoor swimming pools is often not cost-effective and, despite of their relevance, such pools are closed in large quantities. At this time there is no the whole mathematical model which would allow assessing qualitatively the effect of energy-saving measures. The aim of this work is to develop a mathematical model of heat and mass exchange processes for calculating basic heat and mass losses that occur during its exploitation. Methodology. The method for determination of heat and mass loses based on the theory of similarity criteria equations is used. Findings. The main types of heat and mass losses of outdoor pool were analyzed. The most significant types were allocated and mathematically described. Namely: by evaporation of water from the surface of the pool, by natural and forced convection, by radiation to the environment, heat consumption for water heating. Originality. The mathematical model of heat and mass exchange process of the outdoor swimming pool was developed, which allows calculating the basic heat and mass loses that occur during its exploitation. Practical value. The method of determining heat and mass loses of outdoor swimming pool as a software system was developed and implemented. It is based on the mathematical model proposed by the authors. This method can be used for the conceptual design of energy-efficient structures of outdoor pools, to assess their use of energy-intensive and selecting the optimum energy-saving measures. A further step in research in this area is the experimental validation of the method of calculation of heat losses in outdoor swimming pools with its use as an example the pool of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport named after Academician V. Lazaryan. The outdoor pool, with water heating-up from the boiler room of the university, is operated year-round.
DETERMINATION OF THE SAFETY FACTOR FOR THE FATIGUE STRENGTH OF THE BEARING STRUCTURES OF RAILROAD CAR BODIES DURING TRANSPORTATION BY RAILROAD FERRIES
Authors: Lovskaya A. A. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose. To determine assurance coefficient by supporting structures fatigue of car bodies during transportation by the railway ferries. Methodology. The operating conditions of cars in international railway-water communication have been investigated in previous works for the solution of this problem. To solve the problem there were conducted researches of dynamic features of car bodies transporting by the railway ferries in conditions of the sea storm. A mathematical model of car bodies movement was made up and accelerations acting on them in placements on the decks were determined. During determination of accelerations the actual meteorological characteristics of the Black Sea during a storm were taken into account. The assurance coefficient fatigue by supporting structures of car bodies by the railway ferries was determined and it was found that under regular loading of the car body n ≈ 2,0 . It is higher than the admissible value. Findings. Comparison of obtained acceleration values with the accelerations acting on car bodies when operating on main-line routes showed that they have exceeded the acceleration specified in the regulations approximately on 40%. It proves the need of accounting the loads acting on car bodies during transportations by the railway ferries when designing new generation cars. Originality. There was proposed a mathematical model of car bodies movement by the railway ferries in the conditions of sea storm. It gives the possibility of determining the accelerations of car bodies placed on the decker rail ferries taking into account the hydrometeorology characteristics. Practical value. The results of researches can be used when designing new generation cars to provide their strength during the combination of railway and water transportation. It gives an opportunity to develop measures as to the adaptation of cars bodies to the interaction with the fastenings of railway ferries by means of equipping their bearing constructions with special fastening assembly units. Such technical solution will allow decreasing expenses for unscheduled repair of cars while transporting them by railway ferries and providing safety of combined transport traffic.
OPERATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRIC TRAINS ER1, ER2 BEYOND DESIGNED SERVICE LIFE
Authors: Gorobets V. L. , Bondarev O. M. , Skoblenko V. M. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose. The aim is to develop the scientific substantiation technical regulation of measures and conditions in electric trains, series ER1, ER2 beyond the extended period of operation life (over 50 years). Methodology. To achieve this goal the scientific publications analysis on the survivability of the basic elements of supporting constructions that are loaded with dynamic alternating loads was carried out. The results analysis of vibration bench tests of bogie frames of electric trains ER1, ER2, which were obtained by using the developed technique for such tests with authors, was carried out too. Technical solutions with appropriate measures under which it is possible to extend the operation life of bearing structures of electric trains ER1 and ER2 were developed over 50 years. Findings. Results were obtained on the complex basis of conducted experimental and theoretical research. They have promoted to the working out the methodology for assessing the period of crack development in the tensest points of main bearing structures of bogie frames and bodies of electric trains ER1, ER2 with achieving their dangerous sizes. This allowed developing a technical regulation measures to ensure the safe operation of the main bearing structures of bogie frames and bodies of electric trains ER1, ER2 beyond 50 years. Originality. To ensure the safe trains operation, series ER1, ER2 the method estimation of crack development term in the tensest points of bearing structures of bogie frames and bodies with achieving their dangerous sizes was worked out. Practical value. The technical regulation of measures ensuring the safe operation of the main bearing structures of bogie frames and bodies of electric trains ER1, ER2 beyond 50 years was developed.
Application of Linear Discriminant Analysis to the Nasometric Assessment of Resonance Disorders: A Pilot Study
Authors: de Boer Gillian , Bressmann Tim 
Published: February 2015

Objective Nasalance scores have traditionally been used to assess hypernasality. However, resonance disorders are often complex, and hypernasality and nasal obstruction may co-occur in patients with cleft palate. In this study, normal speakers simulated different resonance disorders, and linear discriminant analysis was used to create a tentative diagnostic formula based on nasalance scores for nonnasal and nasal speech stimuli. Materials and Methods Eleven female participants were recorded with the Nasometer 6450 while reading nonnasal and nasal speech stimuli. Nasalance measurements were taken of their normal resonance and their simulations of hyponasal, hypernasal, and mixed resonance. Results A repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a resonance condition–stimuli interaction effect ( P < .001). A linear discriminant analysis of the participants' nasalance scores led to formulas correctly classifying 64.4% of the resonance conditions. When the hyponasal and mixed resonance conditions with obstruction of the less patent nostril were removed from the analysis, the resultant formulas correctly classified 88.6% of the resonance conditions. Conclusion The simulations produced distinctive nasalance scores, enabling the creation of formulas that predicted resonance condition above chance level. The preliminary results demonstrate the potential of this approach for the diagnosis of resonance disorders.
Programa Hora de Estudo: a formação continuada como conquista e os desafios da adesão
Authors: Cerqueira da Graça Tereza Cristina 
Published: February 2015

A partir de documentos institucionais e depoimentos, o artigo descreve o percurso histórico do Programa Hora de Estudo; uma parte destacada da política de formação continuada dos professores da rede municipal de ensino de Aracaju. Instituído nos anos noventa pela Secretaria da Educação, em atendimento as reivindicações do magistério, o programa passou por diversas modificações, visando o engajamento dos professores numa formação voltada para a melhoria da qualidade do ensino. A partir da bibliografia corrente analisa a ausência da maioria dos professores, concluindo que o absenteísmo docente se deve à descontinuidade administrativa, às instabilidades da relação poder público-sindicato e a pouca disposição dos professores em investir na sua própria formação por esta via.
Health Among Black Children by Maternal and Child Nativity
Authors: Hendi Arun S. , Mehta Neil K. , Elo Irma T. 
Published: February 2015

Objectives. We examined 5 health outcomes among Black children born to US-born and foreign-born mothers and whether differences by mother’s region of birth could be explained by maternal duration of US residence, child’s place of birth, and familial sociodemographic characteristics. Methods. Data were from the 2000–2011 National Health Interview Surveys. We examined 3 groups of children, based on mother’s region of birth: US origin, African origin, and Latin American or Caribbean origin. We estimated multivariate regression models. Results. Children of foreign-born mothers were healthier across all 5 outcomes than were children of US-born mothers. Among children of foreign-born mothers, US-born children performed worse on all health outcomes than children born abroad. African-origin children had the most favorable health profile. Longer duration of US residence among foreign-born mothers was associated with poorer child health. Maternal educational attainment and other sociodemographic characteristics did little to explain these differences. Conclusions. Further studies are needed to understand the role of selective migration and the behavioral, cultural, socioeconomic, and contextual origins of the health advantage of Black children of foreign-born mothers.
The Contribution of National Disparities to International Differences in Mortality Between the United States and 7 European Countries
Authors: van Hedel Karen , Avendano Mauricio , Berkman Lisa F. , Bopp Matthias , Deboosere Patrick , Lundberg Olle , Martikainen Pekka , Menvielle Gwenn , van Lenthe Frank J. , Mackenbach Johan P. 
Published: February 2015

Objectives. This study examined to what extent the higher mortality in the United States compared to many European countries is explained by larger social disparities within the United States. We estimated the expected US mortality if educational disparities in the United States were similar to those in 7 European countries. Methods. Poisson models were used to quantify the association between education and mortality for men and women aged 30 to 74 years in the United States, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland for the period 1989 to 2003. US data came from the National Health Interview Survey linked to the National Death Index and the European data came from censuses linked to national mortality registries. Results. If people in the United States had the same distribution of education as their European counterparts, the US mortality disadvantage would be larger. However, if educational disparities in mortality within the United States equaled those within Europe, mortality differences between the United States and Europe would be reduced by 20% to 100%. Conclusions. Larger educational disparities in mortality in the United States than in Europe partly explain why US adults have higher mortality than their European counterparts. Policies to reduce mortality among the lower educated will be necessary to bridge the mortality gap between the United States and European countries.