bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term comparison of structure and dynamics of the red coral metapopulation of the Portofino Promontory (Ligurian Sea): a case‐study for a Marine Protected Area in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Bavestrello Giorgio , Bo Marzia , Bertolino Marco , Betti Federico , Cattaneo‐Vietti Riccardo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA large amount of data on the precious coral Corallium rubrum has attested to a dramatic shift in the size structure of its over‐harvested Mediterranean populations in recent decades. One of the main problems for the conservation of this species is the substantial lack of data concerning the time span necessary for a population subjected to pluri‐decennial harvesting pressure to return to its pristine status. Here, we present a multi‐annual data set gathered from the Marine Protected Area (MPA) of Portofino, which hosts the most important shallow‐water coral populations in the Ligurian Sea and was subjected to strong harvesting pressure from the 1950s to the early 1970s. Quantitative comparison of the population structure data recorded in 1964, 1990 and 2012 indicated a strong size increase of the colonies (from 3 to 8 g mean weight), resulting in an increase in colony biomass from 300 to the current 1500 g·m−2. As a consequence, over the same span of time, the density of colonies has slightly decreased. The role of mass mortality phenomena, like that occurred in this area during 1999, as possible biological features triggering the switch of red coral populations from a ‘grass plain‐like’ towards a ‘forest‐like’ structure, is discussed. All these data indicate that the instigation of MPAs is a winning strategy in the conservation of this precious species and similar management plans should also be evaluated for the protection of the deep benthic communities thriving on off‐shore banks.
Low‐level Laser (Light) Therapy Increases Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and ATP Synthesis in C2C12 Myotubes with a Peak Response at 3–6 h
Authors: Ferraresi Cleber , Kaippert Beatriz , Avci Pinar , Huang Ying‐Ying , de Sousa Marcelo V. P. , Bagnato Vanderlei S. , Parizotto Nivaldo A. , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLow‐level laser (light) therapy has been used before exercise to increase muscle performance in both experimental animals and in humans. However, uncertainty exists concerning the optimum time to apply the light before exercise. The mechanism of action is thought to be stimulation of mitochondrial respiration in muscles, and to increase adenosine triphosphate (ATP) needed to perform exercise. The goal of this study was to investigate the time course of the increases in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP in myotubes formed from C2C12 mouse muscle cells and exposed to light‐emitting diode therapy (LEDT). LEDT employed a cluster of LEDs with 20 red (630 ± 10 nm, 25 mW) and 20 near‐infrared (850 ± 10 nm, 50 mW) delivering 28 mW cm2 for 90 s (2.5 J cm2) with analysis at 5 min, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h post‐LEDT. LEDT‐6 h had the highest MMP, followed by LEDT‐3 h, LEDT‐24 h, LEDT‐5 min and Control with significant differences. The same order (6 h > 3 h > 24 h > 5 min > Control) was found for ATP with significant differences. A good correlation was found (r = 0.89) between MMP and ATP. These data suggest an optimum time window of 3–6 h for LEDT stimulate muscle cells.
Eliminating Treatable Deaths Due to Acute Kidney Injury in Resource‐Poor Settings
Authors: Schieppati Arrigo , Perico Norberto , Remuzzi Giuseppe 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is imposing a severe burden of morbidity and mortality both in developed and developing countries. Also AKI has a major economic impact on healthcare expenditure. This is particularly so in poor countries where AKI especially impacts young productive people, imposing severe penury upon their families. The mission is to lessen the high burden in terms of death consequent to this disorder in low‐resource regions, which in many cases is preventable and treatable with simple measures. The International Society of Nephrology has launched a long‐term program, called “0 by 25”, which advocates that zero people should die of untreated AKI in the poorest part of Africa, Asia, and Latin America by 2025. This paper illustrates how the project will be developed.
Seed dormancy cycling in Arabidopsis: chromatin remodelling and regulation of DOG1 in response to seasonal environmental signals
Authors: Footitt Steven , Müller Kerstin , Kermode Allison R. , Finch‐Savage William E. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe involvement of chromatin remodelling in dormancy cycling in the soil seed bank (SSB) is poorly understood. Natural variation between the winter and summer annual Arabidopsis ecotypes Cvi and Bur was exploited to investigate the expression of genes involved in chromatin remodelling via histone 2B (H2B) ubiquitination/de‐ubiquitination and histone acetylation/deacetylation, the repressive histone methyl transferases CURLY LEAF (CLF) and SWINGER (SWN), and the gene silencing repressor ROS1 (REPRESSOR OF SILENCING1) and promoter of silencing KYP/SUVH4 (KRYPTONITE), during dormancy cycling in the SSB. ROS1 expression was positively correlated with dormancy while the reverse was observed for CLF and KYP/SUVH4. We propose ROS1 dependent repression of silencing and a sequential requirement of CLF and KYP/SUVH4 dependent gene repression and silencing for the maintenance and suppression of dormancy during dormancy cycling. Seasonal expression of H2B modifying genes was correlated negatively with temperature and positively with DOG1 expression, as were histone acetyltransferase genes, with histone deacetylases positively correlated with temperature. Changes in the histone marks H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 were seen on DOG1 (DELAY OF GERMINATION1) in Cvi during dormancy cycling. H3K4me3 activating marks remained stable along DOG1. During relief of dormancy, H3K27me3 repressive marks slowly accumulated and accelerated on exposure to light completing dormancy loss. We propose that these marks on DOG1 serve as a thermal sensing mechanism during dormancy cycling in preparation for light repression of dormancy. Overall, chromatin remodelling plays a vital role in temporal sensing through regulation of gene expression.
Blood group genotype analysis of Australian reagent red blood cell donors across three genotyping platforms: consistent detection of 7·0% phenotype genotype nonconcordance
Authors: McBean R. S. , Hyland C. A. , Davis A. C. , Condon J. , Parsons K. , Flower R. L. 
Published: December 2014

Background and ObjectivesStandards mandate reagent red blood cells (RBCs) must be homozygous for certain antigens. Genotyping provides an enhanced approach to characterizing RBCs as mutations encoding weakened antigen expression may be detected. This study aimed to genotype reagent RBC donors and compare outcomes with serological phenotype. Genotyping was undertaken using three commercially available platforms.Materials and MethodsBlood samples were collected from donors (n = 300) who contribute to reagent RBC panels. Genotyping was performed on at least one of three commercial platforms; BLOODchip Reference v4.1 (Progenika); human erythrocyte antigen (HEA) and RHD BeadChip (BioArray Solutions Ltd); Hemo ID Blood Group Genotyping Panel (Agena Bioscience).ResultsGenotype and phenotype were concordant for 279 of 300 donors (21 of 300; 7·0% nonconcordance). Five donors carried RH mutations and fifteen donors carried FY mutations, including two donors who had an incorrect phenotype reported. One donor carried RH and FY mutations.ConclusionDiscrepancies between genotype and phenotype were detected in 7·0% of reagent RBC donors tested in clinically significant blood group systems. Genotyping of reagent RBC donors can improve transfusion safety by optimizing sensitivity of antibody screening and identification panels.
The mitochondrial genome of the water spider Argyroneta aquatica (Araneae: Cybaeidae)
Authors: Liu Mingxin , Zhang Zhisheng , Peng Zuogang 
Published: December 2014

We sequenced nearly the entire mitochondrial genome of Argyroneta aquatica, a wholly underwater‐living spider, thereby enhancing the available genomic information for Arachnida. The confirmed sequences contained the complete set of known genes present in other metazoan mitochondrial genomes. However, the mitochondrial gene order of A. aquatica was distinctly different from that of the most distant Chelicerata Limulus polyphemus (Xiphosura), probably because of a series of gene translocations and/or inversions. Comparison of arachnid mitochondrial gene orders for the purpose of phylogenetic inference is only minimally useful, but provides a strong signal in closely related lineages. To test the basal relationships and the evolutionary pattern of tRNA gene rearrangements among Arachnida, phylogenetic analyses using amino acid sequences of the 13 protein‐coding genes were performed. An interesting feature, the five 135‐bp tandem repeats and two 363‐bp tandem repeats, was identified in the putative control region. Although control region tandem repeats have been reported in many other arachnid and metazoan species, this is the first time it has been described in spiders.
BAYESIAN SOFTWARE RELIABILITY MODEL COMBINING TWO PRIORS AND PREDICTING TOTAL NUMBER OF FAILURES AND FAILURE TIME
Authors: DAMODARAN D. , RAVIKUMAR B. , RAMACHANDRAN VELIMUTHU 
Published: December 2014

Reliability statistics is divided into two mutually exclusive camps and they are Bayesian and Classical. The classical statistician believes that all distribution parameters are fixed values whereas Bayesians believe that parameters are random variables and have a distribution of their own. Bayesian approach has been applied for the Software Failure data and as a result of that several Bayesian Software Reliability Models have been formulated for the last three decades. A Bayesian approach to software reliability measurement was taken by Littlewood and Verrall [A Bayesian reliability growth model for computer software, Appl. Stat. 22 (1973) 332–346] and they modeled hazard rate as a random variable. In this paper, a new Bayesian software reliability model is proposed by combining two prior distributions for predicting the total number of failures and the next failure time of the software. The popular and realistic Jelinski and Moranda (J&M) model is taken as a base for bringing out this model by applying Bayesian approach. It is assumed that one of the parameters of JM model N, number of faults in the software follows uniform prior distribution and another failure rate parameter Φi follows gama prior distribution. The joint prior p(N, Φi) is obtained by combining the above two prior distributions. In this Bayesian model, the time between failures follow exponential distribution with failure rate parameter with stochastically decreasing order on successive failure time intervals. The reasoning for the assumption on the parameter is that the intention of the software tester to improve the software quality by the correction of each failure. With Bayesian approach, the predictive distribution has been arrived at by combining exponential Time between Failures (TBFs) and joint prior p(N, Φi). For the parameter estimation, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method has been adopted. The proposed Bayesian software reliability model has been applied to two sets of act. The proposed model has been applied to two sets of actual software failure data and it has been observed that the predicted failure times as per the proposed model are closer to the actual failure times. The predicted failure times based on Littlewood–Verall (LV) model is also computed. Sum of square errors (SSE) criteria has been used for comparing the actual time between failures and predicted time between failures based on proposed model and LV model.
Neural Emotion Regulation Circuitry Underlying Anxiolytic Effects of Perceived Control over Pain
Authors: Salomons Tim V. , Nusslock Robin , Detloff Allison , Johnstone Tom , Davidson Richard J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Anxiolytic effects of perceived control have been observed across species. In humans, neuroimaging studies have suggested that perceived control and cognitive reappraisal reduce negative affect through similar mechanisms. An important limitation of extant neuroimaging studies of perceived control in terms of directly testing this hypothesis, however, is the use of within-subject designs, which confound participants' affective response to controllable and uncontrollable stress. To compare neural and affective responses when participants were exposed to either uncontrollable or controllable stress, two groups of participants received an identical series of stressors (thermal pain stimuli). One group (“controllable”) was led to believe they had behavioral control over the pain stimuli, whereas another (“uncontrollable”) believed they had no control. Controllable pain was associated with decreased state anxiety, decreased activation in amygdala, and increased activation in nucleus accumbens. In participants who perceived control over the pain, reduced state anxiety was associated with increased functional connectivity between each of these regions and ventral lateral/ventral medial pFC. The location of pFC findings is consistent with regions found to be critical for the anxiolytic effects of perceived control in rodents. Furthermore, interactions observed between pFC and both amygdala and nucleus accumbens are remarkably similar to neural mechanisms of emotion regulation through reappraisal in humans. These results suggest that perceived control reduces negative affect through a general mechanism involved in the cognitive regulation of emotion.
The Association between Gray Matter Volume and Reading Proficiency: A Longitudinal Study of Beginning Readers
Authors: Linkersdörfer Janosch , Jurcoane Alina , Lindberg Sven , Kaiser Jochen , Hasselhorn Marcus , Fiebach Christian J. , Lonnemann Jan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Neural systems involved in the processing of written language have been identified by a number of functional imaging studies. Structural changes in cortical anatomy that occur in the course of literacy acquisition, however, remain largely unknown. Here, we follow elementary school children over their first 2 years of formal reading instruction and use tensor-based morphometry to relate reading proficiency to cortical volume at baseline and follow-up measurement as well as to intraindividual longitudinal volume development between the two measurement time points. A positive relationship was found between baseline gray matter volume in the left superior temporal gyrus and subsequent changes in reading proficiency. Furthermore, a negative relationship was found between reading proficiency at the second measurement time point and intraindividual cortical volume development in the inferior parietal lobule and the precentral and postcentral gyri of the left hemisphere. These results are interpreted as evidence that reading acquisition is associated with preexisting structural differences as well as with experience-dependent structural changes involving dendritic and synaptic pruning.
Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in high-risk pulmonary infections: a clinical review
Authors: Esquinas Antonio M. , Egbert Pravinkumar S. , Scala Raffaele , Gay Peter , Soroksky Arie , Girault Christophe , Han Fang , Hui David S. , Papadakos Peter J. , Ambrosino Nicolino 
Published: December 2014

The aim of this article was to review the role of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in acute pulmonary infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), H1N1 and tuberculosis, and to assess the risk of disease transmission with the use of NIV from patients to healthcare workers.We performed a clinical review by searching Medline and EMBASE. These databases were searched for articles on “clinical trials” and “randomised controlled trials”. The keywords selected were non-invasive ventilation pulmonary infections, influenza-A (H1N1), SARS and tuberculosis. These terms were cross-referenced with the following keywords: health care workers, airborne infections, complications, intensive care unit and pandemic. The members of the International NIV Network examined the major results regarding NIV applications and SARS, H1N1 and tuberculosis. Cross-referencing mechanical ventilation with SARS yielded 76 studies, of which 10 studies involved the use of NIV and five were ultimately selected for inclusion in this review. Cross-referencing with H1N1 yielded 275 studies, of which 27 involved NIV. Of these, 22 were selected for review. Cross-referencing with tuberculosis yielded 285 studies, of which 15 involved NIV and from these seven were selected. In total 34 studies were selected for this review.NIV, when applied early in selected patients with SARS, H1N1 and acute pulmonary tuberculosis infections, can reverse respiratory failure. There are only a few reports of infectious disease transmission among healthcare workers.
Estimations for spectral radius of nonnegative matrices and the smallest eigenvalue of M-matrices
Authors: Wang Te , Lv Hongbin , Sang Haifeng 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this paper, some estimations for the spectral radius of nonnegative matrices and the smallest eigenvalue of M-matrices are given by matrix directed graphs and their k-path covering. The existent results on the upper and lower bounds of the spectral radius of nonnegative matrices are improved.

MSC:15A18, 65F15.
Dynamics of genetic variability in Anastrepha fraterculus(Diptera: Tephritidae) during adaptation to laboratory rearing conditions
Authors: Parreño María A , Scannapieco Alejandra C , Remis María I , Juri Marianela , Vera María T , Segura Diego F , Cladera Jorge L , Lanzavecchia Silvia B 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Background
Anastrepha fraterculus is one of the most important fruit fly plagues in the American continent and only chemical control is applied in the field to diminish its population densities. A better understanding of the genetic variability during the introduction and adaptation of wild A. fraterculus populations to laboratory conditions is required for the development of stable and vigorous experimental colonies and mass-reared strains in support of successful Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) efforts.

Methods
The present study aims to analyze the dynamics of changes in genetic variability during the first six generations under artificial rearing conditions in two populations: a) a wild population recently introduced to laboratory culture, named TW and, b) a long-established control line, named CL.

Results
Results showed a declining tendency of genetic variability in TW. In CL, the relatively high values of genetic variability appear to be maintained across generations and could denote an intrinsic capacity to avoid the loss of genetic diversity in time.

Discussion
The impact of evolutionary forces on this species during the adaptation process as well as the best approach to choose strategies to introduce experimental and mass-reared A. fraterculus strains for SIT programs are discussed.
Chemical composition of ethanol extract of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. using GC-MS spectroscopy
Authors: Das Sneha , Vasudeva Neeru , Sharma Sunil 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background

Macrotyloma uniflorum Linn (Fabaceae) is a herbaceous plant with annual branches. It is used in kidney stones, inflamed joints, fever, musculoskeletal disorders, sinus wounds and localized abdominal tumors. It is reported as an antioxidant and nutraceutical (forage and food). GC-MS analysis of ethanol extract has led to identification of twenty-eight compounds from M. uniflorum by comparison of their retention indices and mass spectra fragmentation patterns with those stored on the GC-MS computer library.

Results
The main constituents identified were mome inositol, ethyl alpha-d-glucopyranoside, n- hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid (9, 12-octadecadienoic acid), its esters and ethyl derivatives, Vitamin E, stigmasterol and 3-beta-stigmast-5-en-3-ol.

Conclusions
The extracts are rich in linoleic acid and its esters, mome inositol and ethyl alpha-d-glucopyranoside; therefore, this plant can be medicinally beneficial as an antioxidant, in diabetes and its related disorders.
Clinical effectiveness of chin cup treatment for the management of Class III malocclusion in pre-pubertal patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chatzoudi Maria I , Ioannidou-Marathiotou Ioulia , Papadopoulos Moschos A 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
Chin cup is regarded as the oldest orthodontic appliance for the management of Class III malocclusion. To assess its clinical effectiveness in pre-pubertal patients, a meta-analysis on specific cephalometric values is attempted.

Methods
Detailed electronic and hand searches with no restrictions were performed up to July 2014. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies, i.e. prospective controlled trials (pCCTs) and (retrospective) observational studies (OS), were included. Analyses were performed by calculating the standard difference in means and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals, using the random effects model. Data heterogeneity and risk of bias assessment of the included studies were also performed. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed twice. The level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05 for all tests, except for heterogeneity (P ≤ 0.1).

Results
Seven treated groups from five studies (no RCTs, four pCCTs, one OS) were eligible for inclusion, assessing only the short-term occipital pull chin cup effects. In total, 120 treated patients (mean age: 8.5 to 11 years) compared with 64 untreated individuals (mean age: 7.3 to 9.89 years) were assessed by means of 13 cephalometric variables. The overall quality of these studies was low to medium. In comparison to untreated individuals, the SNB and gonial angles decreased significantly following chin cup use, whereas ANB, Wits appraisal, SN-ML, N-Me and overjet increased. For the rest of the variables, no statistically significant differences were detected.

Conclusions
Although the occipital chin cup affects significantly a number of skeletal and dentoalveolar cephalometric variables, indicating an overall positive effect for the treatment of Class III malocclusion, data heterogeneity and between-studies variance impose precaution in the interpretation of the results.
A comprehensive review of experimental investigations of forced convective heat transfer characteristics for various nanofluids
Authors: Gupta Munish , Arora Neeti , Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Sandeep , Dilbaghi Neeraj 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Nanofluids are suspension of nanoparticles (less than 100 nm) in the conventional base fluids. The dispersed solid metallic or non-metallic nanoparticles change the thermal properties like thermal conductivity, viscosity, specific heat, and density of the base fluid. Past studies focused on measuring the thermal properties of nanofluids. These suspended nanoparticles effectively improve the transport properties and heat transfer characteristics of the base fluids. Recently, heat transfer augmentation using suspensions of nanometre-sized solid particles in base liquids have been investigated by various research groups across the world. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art nanofluid studies in the area of forced convection heat transfer enhancement. The results for the heat transfer characteristics in internal flow with constant heat flux and constant wall temperature boundary conditions reported by various researchers have been compiled and reviewed. Further, in heat exchangers, the real boundary conditions are different from the constant heat flux and constant wall temperature boundary conditions. Over a span of 2 decades, the literature in this field is widespread; hence, this review would be useful for researchers to have a precise screening of a wide range of investigations in this area.