bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Horizontal migration of click beetle (Agriotes spp.) larvae depends on food availability
Authors: Sonnemann Ilja , Grunz Sonja , Wurst Susanne 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIt is generally thought that soil animals face specific foraging conditions because movement through soil is highly energy consuming. The hypothesis tested here is that root‐feeding click beetle larvae (wireworms, Agriotes spp.; Coleoptera: Elateridae), to minimize energy loss, only migrate horizontally through soil when located in food‐depleted surroundings. Larvae were placed at either end of a root density gradient created by the grass Holcus lanatus L. (Poaceae), and their position in the gradient was recorded after 12 days of migration. Larval migration depended on the food situation at the starting point, with larvae moving from food‐depleted to food‐rich areas, but not leaving food‐rich areas. Larvae spread further around food‐rich areas when together with conspecifics than when being alone, presumably to avoid cannibalism. Food density‐dependent migration may have to be taken into account when using trap‐crops to control Agriotes larvae. Success may depend on the timing of trap‐crop establishment relative to the target crop to generate an effective food gradient.
Comparison of the perceived relevance of oral biology reported by students and interns of a Pakistani dental college
Authors: Farooq I. , Ali S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to analyse and compare the perceived relevance of oral biology with dentistry as reported by dental students and interns and to investigate the most popular teaching approach and learning resource.MethodsA questionnaire aiming to ask about the relevance of oral biology to dentistry, most popular teaching method and learning resource was utilised in this study. Study groups encompassed second‐year dental students who had completed their course and dental interns. The data were obtained and analysed statistically.ResultsThe overall response rate for both groups was 60%. Both groups reported high relevance of oral biology to dentistry. Perception of dental interns regarding the relevance of oral biology to dentistry was higher than that of students. Both groups identified student presentations as the most important teaching method. Amongst the most important learning resources, textbooks were considered most imperative by interns, whereas lecture handouts received the highest importance score by students.ConclusionsDental students and interns considered oral biology to be relevant to dentistry, although greater relevance was reported by interns. Year‐wise advancement in dental education and training improves the perception of the students about the relevance of oral biology to dentistry.
High‐throughput, high‐content screening for novel pigmentation regulators using a keratinocyte/melanocyte co‐culture system
Authors: Lee Ju Hee , Chen Hongxiang , Kolev Vihren , Aull Katherine H. , Jung Inhee , Wang Jun , Miyamoto Shoko , Hosoi Junichi , Mandinova Anna , Fisher David E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSkin pigmentation is a complex process including melanogenesis within melanocytes and melanin transfer to the keratinocytes. To develop a comprehensive screening method for novel pigmentation regulators, we used immortalized melanocytes and keratinocytes in co‐culture to screen large numbers of compounds. High‐throughput screening plates were subjected to digital automated microscopy to quantify the pigmentation via brightfield microscopy. Compounds with pigment suppression were secondarily tested for their effects on expression of microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) and several pigment regulatory genes, and further validated in terms of non‐toxicity to keratinocytes/melanocytes and dose‐dependent activity. The results demonstrate a high‐throughput, high‐content screening approach, which is applicable to the analysis of large chemical libraries using a co‐culture system. We identified candidate pigmentation inhibitors from 4000 screened compounds including zoxazolamine, 3‐methoxycatechol and alpha‐mangostin, which were also shown to modulate expression of MITF and several key pigmentation factors and are worthy of further evaluation for potential translation to clinical use.
Nuclear envelope localization of Ran‐binding protein 2 and Ran‐GTPase‐activating protein 1 in psoriatic epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: Yasuda Kayo , Sugiura Kazumitsu , Takeichi Takuya , Ogawa Yasushi , Muro Yoshinao , Akiyama Masashi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe nuclear localization signal (NLS)‐containing proteins LEDGF and STAT3 localize to the nucleus in both the spinous and basal layers of the epidermis in psoriatic skin, where they function as transcription factors or co‐factors to activate epidermal keratinocytes (KCs). However, the mechanism underlying the localization of these proteins remains to be elucidated. We investigated the differential nucleocytoplasmic transport of NLS‐containing proteins as a potential pathogenic mechanism for psoriasis vulgaris. Nucleoporins play an important role in the Ran‐GTP‐dependent nucleocytoplasmic transport of NLS‐containing proteins. We showed, using immunohistochemical staining, that the nucleoporins Ran‐binding protein 2 (RanBP2) and Ran‐GTPase‐activating protein 1 (RanGAP1) have greater expression on the nuclear envelope in psoriatic epidermal KCs than in KCs from healthy controls. We then studied the signalling pathways involved in the regulation of these proteins in HaCaT cells. The two major downstream pathways of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling activated in psoriatic KCs are the MAPK/Erk/1/2 and the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/Akt pathways. Therefore, we treated HaCaT cells with inhibitors to disrupt the MAP kinase kinase 1 (MEK1), PI3‐kinase, or mTOR pathways. RanBP2 and RanGAP1 protein expression levels were significantly greater in the nuclear envelope of HaCaT cells that were not treated with inhibitors than in cells treated with a combination of PI3‐kinase and MEK1 inhibitors or mTOR and MEK1 inhibitors. These results suggest that adequate nuclear envelope expression of RanBP2 and RanGAP1 could be a prerequisite for nucleocytoplasmic transport in KCs in psoriatic epidermis.
Involvement of caspase 8 and c‐FLIPL in the proangiogenic effects of the tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL)
Authors: Cantarella Giuseppina , Di Benedetto Giulia , Ribatti Domenico , Saccani‐Jotti Gloria , Bernardini Renato 
Published: January 2014

Tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL), a cytokine of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily, is a potent cell‐apoptosis inducer, although its effects vary as a function of concentration. In fact, low concentrations of TRAIL are associated with non‐apoptotic effects, such as cell proliferation. Here, the effects of TRAIL at different concentrations have been evaluated on mitogenesis and migration on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro, as well as in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis model in vivo. At low concentrations, TRAIL promoted either mitogenesis or migration of HUVEC, evaluated using the wound healing method. Cleavage of caspase 8 was evaluated along with expression of the caspase 8‐like molecule, cellular FLICE‐inhibitory protein (long form) (c‐FLIPL). Low concentrations of TRAIL failed to induce caspase 8 processing, whereas high concentrations induced apoptosis of HUVEC and activation of caspase 8. Moreover, TRAIL induced a significant angiogenic response in the CAM assay in vivo, comparable with that of vascular endothelial growth factor. These data suggest that the non‐apoptotic effects of TRAIL include mitogenesis and increased mobility of endothelial cells, and eventually angiogenesis. In addition, the results demonstrate that the c‐FLIPL level is also modulated by differences in TRAIL concentration, suggesting its involvement in the divergent effects of TRAIL. In conclusion, this study envisions a proangiogenic role of TRAIL, suggesting that TRAIL may represent a target for pharmacological manipulation.
Orodental status and medical problems of stroke inpatients undergoing rehabilitation at a rehabilitation hospital in Japan
Authors: Asahi Yoshinao , Omichi Shiro , Ono Takahiro 
Published: January 2014

Background and objectiveMany stroke patients may have oral problems and systemic diseases, but clinical information on treatment provided to stroke patients for dental problems during inpatient rehabilitation is rare. The objective of this study was to research stroke inpatients' requirements for dental treatment and the accompanying risks.MethodsWe included 165 stroke patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation at Morinomiya Hospital during the year 2010 and researched the causes of stroke and the patients' orodental status, underlying diseases, antithrombotic drugs prescribed and special considerations or difficulties in the treatment.ResultsCerebral infarction was the most common causes of stroke. Many patients had hypertension, heart disease or diabetes mellitus, and 54.5% had been prescribed antithrombotic drugs. Dentists diagnosed 57.0% patients with untreated dental cavities. Approximately 30% did not use dentures despite having a requirement. In total, 142 patients underwent dental treatment including periodontal treatment, prosthetic treatment and tooth extraction under management of circulation and haemostasis such as monitoring vital signs and surgical splints in cases of the difficult extraction.ConclusionThe current study revealed a high requirement for dental treatment among stroke patients and demonstrated the effectiveness of performing dental treatment during inpatient rehabilitation of these patients.
Effects of nitrogen rate on nitrate–nitrogen accumulation in forage kale and rape crops
Authors: Chakwizira E. , Johnstone P. , Fletcher A. L. , Meenken E. D. , de Ruiter J. M. , Brown H. E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNitrogen fertilizer is applied to supplement soil nitrogen supply to maximize forage brassica crop dry‐matter production. However, nitrogen fertilizer applications in excess of that required to maximize growth result in potentially toxic nitrate–nitrogen (NO3–N) concentrations in grazeable plant tissues. Three experiments, two for forage kale at Lincoln (Canterbury) and one for forage rape at Hastings (Hawke's Bay) in New Zealand were grown under different rates of nitrogen (0–500 kg N ha−1) to determine the effect of different rates of nitrogen on NO3–N content of different plant parts of the crops. One of the kale experiments was grown with either full irrigation or no rain and no irrigation over summer, hereafter referred to as summer drought. The NO3–N concentration on a whole plant (weighted average) basis increased from 0·1 mg g−1 dry matter for the control plots to 2·30 mg g−1 for the 500 kg N ha−1 plots for forage kale. It increased from 0·99 for the control plots to 3·37 mg g−1 for the 200 kg N ha−1 plots for forage rape crops. However, NO3–N concentration increased with N supply under the summer‐drought plots from an average of 0·33 mg g−1 when ≤120 kg N ha−1 was applied to 2·30 mg g−1 for the 240 kg N ha−1 treatments but was unaffected by N supply under irrigation. The NO3–N concentrations were higher in the stems and the petiole (which included the midrib of the leaf) than leaves in all three experiments. The NO3–N concentration was highest at the bottom of the kale stem and decreased towards the top. We recommend N application rates based on soil tests results, and for conditions similar to the current studies up to 300 kg N ha−1 under irrigation and adjusted lower N rates for regions prone to dry summers.
TRANSLATION AND POETIC THINKING
Authors: Pajević Marko 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBased on the theories of Wilhelm von Humboldt and Henri Meschonnic, this article addresses the question of how ‘poetic thinking’ – that is, the transforming power in the interaction of form of language and form of life – illuminates the relationship between culture and language with regard to translation; and, as a corollary, what part does innovation play in translation? This implies the necessity of addressing the specificities of a language as well as comparing poetic and cultural approaches. In each text, there are images, sounds and constellations which constitute meaning. It is these which are to be recreated in literary translation. It is argued that the literary is that which cannot be said differently; hence, when translating literature, we are necessarily ourselves writing literature. That is the crucial point in the poetics of translation. The specificity of a text is always due to the author, rather than to the language. In literature, the force of speech trumps that of the language itself. This poetics of translation is illustrated by an analysis of translations into German and American English of some lines from Jean‐Luc Nancy, demonstrating different perspectives on what language and philosophy ‘do’ within the act of translating.Auf der Grundlage der Theorien von Wilhelm von Humboldt und Henri Meschonnic geht dieser Artikel der Frage nach, wie ‘Poetisches Denken’ – also die transformierende Kraft in der Wechselwirkung von Sprach‐ und Lebensform – die Beziehung zwischen Kultur und Sprache in Bezug auf Übersetzung erhellt; und folglich, welche Rolle Innovation beim Übersetzen spielt. Das wirft ebenfalls die Frage auf nach der Spezifizität einer Sprache. Unter diesem Gesichtspunkt werden der poetische und der kulturelle Übersetungsansatz miteinander verglichen. In jedem Text gibt es Bilder, Klänge und Konstellationen, welche Sinn konstituieren. Diese müssen in einer literarischen Übersetzung erneut geschaffen werden. Ich behaupte, dass das Dichterische dasjenige ist, was nicht anders gesagt werden kann. Dementsprechend muss man, wenn man Literatur übersetzt, notwendigerweise selbst Literatur schreiben. Das ist der springende Punkt in der Poetik der Übersetzung. Die Spezifizität eines Textes geht immer, statt auf die Sprache, auf den Autoren zurück. In der Literatur übertrumpft das jeweilige Sprechen die Sprache. Diese Poetik der Übersetzung wird illustriert anhand der Analyse einer deutschen und einer amerikanischen Übersetzung einiger Zeilen von Jean‐Luc Nancy, wobei verschiedene Perspektiven darauf deutlich werden, was Sprache und Philosophie beim Übersetzen ‘machen’.
Aggressive epidermotropic cutaneous CD8+ lymphoma: a cutaneous lymphoma with distinct clinical and pathological features. Report of an EORTC Cutaneous Lymphoma Task Force Workshop
Authors: Robson Alistair , Assaf Chalid , Bagot Martine , Burg Gunter , Calonje Eduardo , Castillo Christine , Cerroni Lorenzo , Chimenti Nicola , Dechelotte Pierre , Franck Frederic , Geerts Maria , Gellrich Sylke , Goodlad John , Kempf Werner , Knobler Robert , Massone Cesare , Meijer Chris , Ortiz Pablo , Petrella Tony , Pimpinelli Nicola , Roewert Joclim , Russell‐Jones Robin , Santucci Marco , Steinhoff Mattias , Sterry Wolfram , Wechsler Janine , Whittaker Sean , Willemze Rein , Berti Emilio 
Published: January 2014

AimsAggressive epidermotropic cutaneous CD8+ lymphoma is currently afforded provisional status in the WHO classification of lymphomas. An EORTC Workshop was convened to describe in detail the features of this putative neoplasm and evaluate its nosological status with respect to other cutaneous CD8+ lymphomas.Methods and resultsSixty‐one CD8+ cases were analysed at the workshop; clinical details, often with photographs, histological sections, immunohistochemical results, treatment and patient outcome were discussed and recorded. Eighteen cases had distinct features and conformed to the diagnosis of aggressive epidermotropic cutaneous CD8+ lymphoma. The patients typically present with widespread plaques and tumours, often ulcerated and haemorrhagic, and histologically have striking pagetoid epidermotrophism. A CD8+/CD45RA+/CD45RO−/CD2−/CD5−/CD56− phenotype, with one or more cytotoxic markers, was found in seven of 18 patients, with a very similar phenotype in the remainder. The tumours seldom involve lymph nodes, but mucosal and central nervous system involvement are not uncommon. The prognosis is poor, with a median survival of 12 months. Examples of CD8+ mycosis fungoides, lymphomatoid papulosis and Woringer–Kolopp disease presented the typical features well documented in the CD4+ forms of those diseases.ConclusionsAggressive epidermotropic cutaneous CD8+ lymphoma is a distinct lymphoma that warrants inclusion as a distinct entity in future revisions of lymphoma classifications.
Effect of Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections on Mortality, Length of Stay, and Hospital Costs in Older Adults
Authors: Kaye Keith S. , Marchaim Dror , Chen Ting‐Yi , Baures Timothy , Anderson Deverick J. , Choi Yong , Sloane Richard , Schmader Kenneth E 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo quantify the effect of nosocomial bloodstream infection (BSI) on older adults, including mortality, length of stay (LOS), and costs attributed to BSI.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingEight acute care hospitals (7 community hospitals and 1 tertiary university‐affiliated facility) belonging to the Duke Infection Control Outreach Network (DICON) from the states of North Carolina and Virginia.ParticipantsElderly patients over 65 years of age.MeasurementsA multistate, multicenter, matched, retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 1994 through June 2002 in eight hospitals from the Southern‐Central United States. Patients aged >65 years with nosocomial BSI were enrolled. Controls without bloodstream infection were matched to cases. Outcomes during the 90‐day period following hospital discharge were evaluated to determine the association between BSI and mortality, hospital costs, and LOS.ResultsEight‐hundred thirty cases and 830 matched controls were identified, all with a mean age of 74.4 years. Among cases, 81% of BSIs were central line‐associated and Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen accounting for 34.6% of infections (2/3 were methicillin resistant). The mortality rate of cases was 49.4%, compared to 33.2% for controls (OR = 2.1, P < .001), LOS was 29.2 days for cases and 20.2 days for controls (P < .001), and hospital charges were $102,276 for cases compared to $69,690 for controls (P < .001). The mean LOS and mean costs attributable to BSI were 10 days and $43,208, respectively.ConclusionNosocomial BSI in older adults was significantly associated with increases in 90‐day mortality, increased LOS, and increased costs of care. Preventive interventions to eliminate nosocomial BSIs in older adults would likely be cost effective.
Effects of a Modified Hospital Elder Life Program on Frailty in Individuals Undergoing Major Elective Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Chen Cheryl Chia‐Hui , Chen Chiung‐Nien , Lai I‐Rue , Huang Guan‐Hua , Saczynski Jane S. , Inouye Sharon K. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo test the effects of a modified Hospital Elder Life Program (mHELP) on frailty.DesignMatched and unmatched analyses of data from a before‐and‐after study.SettingHospital, inpatient.ParticipantsParticipants aged 65 and older (n = 189) undergoing major elective abdominal surgery at a medical center in Taiwan.InterventionThe mHELP included three nursing interventions: early mobilization, oral and nutritional assistance, and orienting communication.MeasurementsFrailty rate and transitions between frailty states from hospital discharge to 3 months after discharge using Fried's phenotype criteria categorized as nonfrail (0 or 1 criteria present), prefrail (2 or 3 criteria present), and frail (4 or 5 criteria present).ResultsIn matched pairs, participants who received the mHELP interventions were significantly less likely to be frail at discharge (19.2%) than matched controls (65.4%) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02–0.39). Transitions to states of greater frailty during hospitalization were more common for participants in the control group. Three months after discharge, participants who received the mHELP intervention during hospitalization were less likely to be frail (17.3%) than matched controls (23.1%) (AOR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.21–2.56), although this difference did not achieve statistical significance.ConclusionThe mHELP intervention is effective in reducing frailty by hospital discharge, but the benefit is diminished by 3 months after discharge. Thus, the mHELP provides a useful approach to manage in‐hospital frailty for older adults undergoing major abdominal surgery.
Mindfulness‐Based Relationship Education For Couples Expecting Their First Child—Part 1: A Randomized Mixed‐Methods Program Evaluation
Authors: Gambrel Laura Eubanks , Piercy Fred P. 
Published: January 2014

This article is Part 1 of a two‐part series, in which we report on our evaluation of a mindfulness‐based relationship enhancement program for couples who are expecting their first child. In this mixed‐methods randomized clinical trial, we assigned 33 couples to the 4‐week Mindful Transition to Parenthood Program treatment group (n = 16 couples) or to a waitlist control condition (n = 17 couples). Men in the treatment group significantly improved in relationship satisfaction, mindfulness, and negative affect; women had no significant treatment effects. Small to large effect sizes were present for treatment group men and women in multiple areas. Mixed‐methods analyses demonstrated that this intervention may be especially helpful for men because of differences in social support needs, effects of program enrollment, and relational processes in the prenatal period.Video Abstract
Anatomy of the lamprey ear: morphological evidence for occurrence of horizontal semicircular ducts in the labyrinth of Petromyzon marinus
Authors: Maklad Adel , Reed Caitlyn , Johnson Nicolas S. , Fritzsch Bernd 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn jawed (gnathostome) vertebrates, the inner ears have three semicircular canals arranged orthogonally in the three Cartesian planes: one horizontal (lateral) and two vertical canals. They function as detectors for angular acceleration in their respective planes. Living jawless craniates, cyclostomes (hagfish and lamprey) and their fossil records seemingly lack a lateral horizontal canal. The jawless vertebrate hagfish inner ear is described as a torus or doughnut, having one vertical canal, and the jawless vertebrate lamprey having two. These observations on the anatomy of the cyclostome (jawless vertebrate) inner ear have been unchallenged for over a century, and the question of how these jawless vertebrates perceive angular acceleration in the yaw (horizontal) planes has remained open. To provide an answer to this open question we reevaluated the anatomy of the inner ear in the lamprey, using stereoscopic dissection and scanning electron microscopy. The present study reveals a novel observation: the lamprey has two horizontal semicircular ducts in each labyrinth. Furthermore, the horizontal ducts in the lamprey, in contrast to those of jawed vertebrates, are located on the medial surface in the labyrinth rather than on the lateral surface. Our data on the lamprey horizontal duct suggest that the appearance of the horizontal canal characteristic of gnathostomes (lateral) and lampreys (medial) are mutually exclusive and indicate a parallel evolution of both systems, one in cyclostomes and one in gnathostome ancestors.