bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glaucomatous optic neuropathy in congenital glaucoma
Authors: KATARGINA L , MAZANOVA E , TARASENKOV A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Morphometric analysis of posterior pole structures of the eye in children with congenital glaucoma (CG)Methods 34 children aged 3 months‐11 yrs with various forms and stages of CG were examined with HRT‐3 and Spectralis HRA+OCT .Results We established the early appearance of deep and bulk excavation and reduction of neuroretinal rim area and volume at the beginning of glaucoma manifestation, mean total RNFL thickness reducing, reflecting the degree of the optic nerve structures atrophy. Correlations between changes of the optic disc parameters, glaucoma stages and the eye size were revealed. In all glaucoma eyes we noted thinning of peripapillary RNFL. 89% of children showed a decrease of arteries caliber (8‐25% of normal) and veins (23‐40% of normal). In 80% of the eyes there was an increase in AVI (ave 0.81).The choroidal topography study showed an increase of the subfoveolar thickness (305‐957 µm) in 80% of children. Examination of the macular area revealed OD‐OS asymmetry of total macular volume in glaucoma eyes(healthy eyes ‐ 8,50±0.36mm³, glaucoma eyes ‐ 7.51±0,63 mm³,p<0.001).Ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness in the perifoveolar area in glaucoma eyes was significantly below normal and averaged 34.4±9.65 µm, the thickness of the temporal section was lower than the nasal (34.20±9.53 µm, 39.06±10.60 µm, resp.). GCL is affected earlier than the changes in other layers of macular area.Conclusion The distinctive feature of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in CG is a combination of significant structural changes in the optic nerve and retinal layers due to secondary distension of the membranes of the eye, with retinal vessels involved in the process, with some hemodynamic changes in the retina and choroid, all of which worsened with the progression of glaucoma.
First outcomes of silicon rod frontalis suspension prospective follow‐up in congenital blepharoptosis
Authors: GRIVET D , NEZAR H , CAMPOLMI N , REYMOND M , THURET G , GAIN P 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Frontalis suspension is an efficient surgical solution for moderate to severe congenital blepharoptosis. Compared to autologous fascia lata, silicon rod allows faster surgery but long‐term results are still needed. Aim: to assess the long‐term results of silicon rod frontalis suspensionMethods This one year bicentric non‐comparative prospective study included ten patients who underwent frontalis suspension using silicon rod sling (FCI, France). The main criterion was the palpebral height measured before surgery and at one week, three months and one year postoperatively. Palpebral height was measured with Image J using a standardized technique on digital pictureResults The intermediate results are shown. The palpebral height was significantly improved in all patients at one week and three months compared to the preoperative values but tended to decrease between one week and 3 monthsConclusion The intermediate results show that silicon rod frontalis suspension seems an efficient method to treat congenital blepharoptosis. One‐year results are necessary to validate this outcome
The Leonardo Da Vinci Program in the ophthalmological formation of residents
Authors: JANUSCHOWSKI K , ZARZO‐VARGAS MONICA M , SOLE GONZALEZ L , DELGADO MIRANDA JOSE 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To present an EU sponsored program in the formation of residents in ophthalmology. With the introduction of the FEBO (federal board of education of ophthalmolgy) the formation of residents in ophthalmolgy in Europe has taken a big step towards equal standards. Nevertheless, differences still exist mostly due to differnt durations of residency programs, different priorities and different patient and disease spectrum in each country and each region oft he EU.Methods The Leonardo Da Vinci Program is designed as an educative program of lifelong learning and teaching. Three different groups can apply: 1. people during their formation 2. regular working people 3. persons working in the educational field Application can be performed onlineResults Two persons were sent to United kingdom (UK) and Spain (ES), with different objectives Basic investigation: one subject was able to obtain an profound insight into basic investigation at Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK. As a result of his stay many international collaborations were founded. Clinical routine: The second person was able to obtain and insight into the clinical routine at the Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, ES. Especially surgery of pterigium and the keratits due to acaneamoeba were strong points in the clinical routine. As a result a vivid exchange between hospitals was established.Conclusion Regional differences concerning clinical routine and basic investgation in the EU will always exist due to different circumstances in different countries. Residents will profit in their personal and professional formation taking advantage oft he existing EU‐scholarships and thus improving patient care on a European level.
Tear secretion impairment as a function of severity of herpetic keratitis
Authors: LABETOULLE M , M'GARRECH M , ROUSSEAU A , KASWIN G , SAUER A , BOURCIER T , BARREAU E 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To assess the quality of tear secretion in eyes of patients with a history of unilateral and recurrent herpetic keratitisMethods 33 patients with a history of recurrent herpetic keratitis (either archipelago keratitis, KA, or kerato‐uveitis, KU, or neurotrophic keratitis, KN) were compared with 33 normal subjects. A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed, with successively the assessment of tear osmolarimetry, tears break‐up time (TBUT), Schirmer I test, and corneal sensitivity. Patients with other potential causes of abnormal tears were excluded, and all tests were performed at least 3 months after the last relapse of keratitis. Controls were selected among asymptomatic patients scheduled for cataract surgery or refraction disorders, and were matched for age and gender with patients.Results The patients group (19 men, 14 women, aged 52 ± 7 years) included 16 patients with KA, 13 with KU, and 6 with KN. In the control group (similar sex ratio and mean age), all tests were symmetrical between the two eyes. In the 3 groups of patients, tear osmolarimetry was significantly greater in affected eyes than in controls, as well as TBUT was significantly reduced. In contrast, Schirmer I test was reduced only in eyes of patients with a history of KU or KN. Finally, only KN eyes were statistically less sensitive than healthy eyes.Conclusion Recurrent herpes keratitis induced changes in lacrimal secretion, even when the disease is apparently quiescent, and the abnormalities are more important as the corneal disease is progressing In the context of our study, tear hyperosmolarity appeared to be a particularly sensitive test to detect impairment of tear secretion.
Ocular tolerability of preservative‐free prostaglandin eye drops
Authors: PELLINEN P , ESAKI Y , SHIMAZAKI A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Taflotan® (tafluprost) and Monoprost® (latanoprost) are preservative‐free anti‐glaucoma eye drops. In order to compare the ocular irritation potential these preservative‐free prostaglandin products were instilled repeatedly on rabbit eyes. Cell viability in vitro was studied using immortalized human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells.Methods To study the in vitro cytotoxicity of Taflotan and Monoprost, HCE cells were exposed to the test solutions for 5 to 30 minutes, after which the cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTS assay. Secondly, to compare their in vivo ocular tolerance, Taflotan or Monoprost solution was instilled 10 times at 30‐minute intervals onto eyes of male albino rabbits. Left eyes were treated while right eyes remained as untreated controls. Besides scoring macroscopic findings using MacDonald‐Shadduck system, slit lamp examination and corneal fluorescein staining were performed after the last instillations.Results In MTS test, the 30 minutes treatment with Taflotan had no effect on the cell viability, whereas the cell viability was decreased by Monoprost treatment. After repeated instillations on rabbit eyes conjunctival redness and swelling were observed in both groups. Their irritation scores and occurring frequency were lower in Taflotan treated eyes than in those treated with Monoprost. In addition, discharge was observed only in Monoprost treated eyes from 30 minutes until 3 hours after the last instillation.Conclusion Under the conditions of this study, the ocular irritation potential of Taflotan was weaker than that of Monoprost. The results indicate that Taflotan eye drops may have a better ocular tolerability profile than Monoprost.
Commercial interest
Tear levels of loteprednol etabonate following instillation of a novel gel formulation
Authors: SIOU‐MERMET R , ONG T , LOWE E 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose A new gel formulation of loteprednol etabonate (LE) has been developed which is non‐settling, provides a pH close to physiological, and a reduced level of benzalkonium chloride. This study sought to examine the levels of LE in tear fluid following a single topical instillation of LE ophthalmic gel 0.5% to healthy volunteers.Methods Single center, open label study. Twelve healthy subjects received LE ophthalmic gel 0.5% in one eye and tear sampling was performed at 6 hours (h), 9 h, 12 h, and 24 h after instillation. LE levels in tears were determined by LC‐MS/MS. Ocular and non‐ocular treatment emergent adverse events (AEs) were recorded.Results 17 subjects were screened and 12 were enrolled. Mean age was 46 years and all but one subject was male. LE was detected in all tear fluid samples at all time points assessed. Mean (SD) LE levels were 114 (116) µg/g at 6 h, 19.7 (18.2) µg/g at 9 h, 26.9 (29.6) µg/g at 12 h and 2.41 (3.36) µg/g at 24 h. No drug‐related AEs were reported.Conclusion LE administered in the gel formulation remains present in tear fluid 24 hours after a single instillation. These results suggest a long residency time of LE on the ocular surface with the gel formulation. No safety concerns were identified.
Commercial interest
In vivo confocal microscopy of cystic lesions in corneal disorders
Authors: ORSKI M , WYLEGALA E , TARNAWSKA D , SMEDOWSKI A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between slit‐lamp biomicroscopy and in vivo confocal microscopy and to describe the morphology of corneal intraepithelial cystic lesions by in vivo confocal microscopy in several corneal disorders.Methods 15 patients with clinically diagnosed Cogan Dystrophy (9), Meesmann’s Dystrophy (2), Acanthamoeba Keratitis (2), Microsporidial Keratitis (1) and Incontinentia Pigmenti (1) were examined by slit‐lamp biomicroscopy and in vivo confocal microscopy. Confocal microscopy images were used to assess size, shape and reflectivity of the corneal cystic structures.Results Confocal microscopy was able to identify cystic lesions in all cases in which cysts were observed by slit – lamp biomicroscopy. In vivo confocal scans showed multiple brightly reflective round, oval or circular structures with diameter from 10 microns (Incontinentia Pigmenti) to 140 microns (Meesmann‘s Dystophy). Large intraepithelial clefts were observed in Microsporidial Keratitis and Meesmann‘s Dysrophy.Conclusion In vivo confocal microscopy provides a detailed microstructural image of cystic intraepithelial lesions in various corneal disorders and may play a role in appropriate diagnosis.
Ocular surface dysfunction and tear osmolarity after cataract surgery
Authors: KUZMIENE L 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose The aim of the study was to evaluate subjective symptoms, tear film break up time (BUT) and tear osmolarity before the cataract surgery and in the early postoperative period.Methods 32 patients undergoing cataract surgery were included into the study. They were submited to clinical evaluations including the administration of Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionaire, visual acuity, slit lamp examination, estimation of BUT. Tear samples were collected for osmolarity evaluation. All the tests were performed day before surgery, one week and one month after surgery.Results Before the surgery 11 (47,8%) patients had no or mild dry eye disease, 21 (52,2%) – moderate and severe. The mean BUT was 7,4±3,2s and decreased in one week and one month after surgery (5,13±2,54s); paired differences were significant. Tear osmolarity was 306,25±15,38 mOsm/l with tendency to increase in one week (307,32±17,13) and decreased one month after surgery (293,7±24,05); paired differences were significant. OSDI score had tendency to increase one week and month after the surgery.Conclusion Patients complaints increased in early postoperative period. Tear film stability significantly decreased one week and one month after surgery with the significant decrease of tear osmolarity. Decreased tear film stability could influence ocular discomfort after cataract surgery.
Variability of oxidative stress‐related genes in keratoconus and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy
Authors: SZAFLIK JP , SYNOWIEC E , WOJCIK K , SZAFLIK J , BLASIAK J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose In the present work we investigated polymorphism in nuclear genes encoding proteins important for the cellular reaction to oxidative stress and mutations in mitochondrial DNA in two eye diseases with established role of oxidative stress in their pathology: keratoconus (KC) and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD).Methods Over 200 FECD and KC patients as well as more than 300 sex‐ and age‐matched controls were enrolled in this study. Genetic variation in nuclear DNA was determined in peripheral blood lymphocytes by allele‐specific and restriction length fragment polymorphism PCR. Quantitative real‐time PCR with TaqMan probes was employed to study mutagenesis in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).Results Genotypes of polymorphisms of genes encoding catalase and superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, enzymes neutralizing reactive oxygen species, were associated with the increased risk of AMD, FECD and KC. Polymorphism of numerous DNA repair genes, including hOGG1, MUTYH, UNG and SMUG1 was associated with AMD and KC. Finally, we found some associations between the occurrence of FECD and mtDNA mutagenesis, expressed by the number of mtDNA copies and specific deletions and point mutations, including 4977 bp deletion in mtDNA encoding 5 tRNAs and 7 proteins of respiratory chain as well as the 414T>G transversion.Conclusion Polymorphism in nuclear genes encoding oxidative stress‐related proteins and mutations in mitochondrial DNA may contribute to the risk of occurrence and development of KC and FECD by modulating the cellular reaction to the stress.
Chitosan‐based biocompatibile materials in ophthalmology
Authors: WOWRA B , GROLIK M , SZCZUBIALKA K , NOWAKOWSKA M , DOBROWOLSKI D , ORZECHOWSKA‐WYLEGALA B , WYLEGALA E 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose The goal of current research was to develop the material for scaffold preparation providing optimal conditions for the corneal epithelium cell culturing and to determine their physicochemical and biological properties. The scaffolds, which could be applied in ophthalmology should fulfill some requirements such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, restorability, and also should have adequate mechanical strengthMethods A membrane was obtained from chitosan‐polysaccharide derived from chitin. Chitosan is nontoxic,biologically inert,stable in the natural environmental. It has found numerous applications in biomedical field,e.g.3Dscaffolds,fibers,membranes, hydrogels. This materials have shown support for adhesion,proliferation,expression of cells. The chitosan supports will be crosslinked with genipin‐product from the Gardenia jasminoides. The genipin is more than 5000 times less cytotoxic than typical chemical cross‐linking reagents (glutaraldehyde). The mechanical properties of the supports obtained will be controlled mainly by the addition other biopolymersResults The in vitro cell culture experiments with corneal epithelium cells have indicated that a membrane prepared from chitosan blends provided the regular stratified growth of the epithelium cells, good surface covering and increased number of the cell layers. Some of chitosan membrane is comparable with that of the amniotic membrane which is currently recommended for clinical applicationsConclusion Novel polymeric hydrogel scaffolds for corneal epithelium cell culturing based on blends of chitosan with some other biopolymers such as hydroxypropylcellulose, collagen and elastin crosslinked with genipin, a natural substance, were prepared
Topical treatment with a new matrix therapy agent (RGTA) in combination with limbal allograft in ocular surface desease and corneal anesthesia
Authors: MARINGE E , GUEUDRY J , AIFA A , DELCAMPE A , MURAINE M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose The surgical management of limbal deficiency is difficult, especially when it is bilateral and occupies more than half of the cornea. In these advanced cases, the presence of an associate corneal anesthesia, worsen the prognosis of allo‐limbal transplantation. We aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerance of a new matrix therapy agent (RGTA, Cacicol20), mimicking heparan sulfates, in combination with limbal allograft for the reconstruction of the ocular surface with complete corneal anesthesia.Methods It is a prospective, single‐center study. Six eyes of six patients were included. All were men. The average age was 53 years [range : 35‐87]. Mean follow‐up was 4.8 months [range : 3‐9 months]. Etiologies were corneal burn in three cases, an herpes infection in one case and idiopathic in 2 cases. All patients underwent limbal allograft associated with instillation of eye drops RGTA once every two days in the absence of healing after 7 days postoperatively. A topical steroid is prescribed in all cases. RGTA eye drops were stopped after complete healing. Patients were followed every 7 days until healing. Visual acuity, corneal sensitivity and the surface of the ulcer are evaluated each time using photography.Results Despite the persistence of total corneal anesthesia, the epithelium healed in all cases before 2 months [range 7 days to 2 months}. Two of 6 patients showed significant improvement in their visual acuity. One patient had a corneal abscess regressing under treatment.Conclusion RGTA seems to be a potentially useful, alternative, noninvasive therapeutic in association with limbal allograft in advanced limbal deficiency
Uniformity of the thickness of LASIK corneal flaps made by IntraLase FS 60 laser femtosecond (IntraLase, AMO USA) measured by OCT spectral domain (Heidelberg, Germany)
Authors: ABRIEU LACAILLE M , RAMBAUD C , CREPY P , FROUSSART MAILLE F , RIGAL‐SASTOURNE JC 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose The objective of this study was to appreciate the uniformity of the thickness of Lasik corneal flaps made by The IntraLase FS60 laser femtosecond (IntraLase, AMO USA).Methods It was a retrospective, randomized, double‐blind study.Twenty eight eyes were included in the study. Every flap was programmed to measure 120 µm. The flaps were measured by Spectral Domain OCT (Heidelberg), one month after surgery in five points on a horizontal line through the center of the pupil (center, 1mm and 2 mm from the center pupil in nasal and temporal) The scheduled and the obtained thicknesses were compared in each point.Results Double reading by two different doctors showed no significant difference in the thickness flap measurements (p<0.3). There was no significant difference between the thickness in each point of the flap and the center of the flap.Conclusion We have shown in this study that the cutting of a corneal stromal flap with the IntraLase FS 60 laser femtosecond during a LASIK procedure realize uniform flap.
Extracellular matrix derived hydrogel for corneal tissue engineering
Authors: AHEARNE M , LYNCH A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Several different synthetic and natural hydrogels have been suggested for use in corneal tissue engineering however these hydrogels lack many of the matrix constituents present in the real cornea. To overcome this problem we developed a new hydrogel derived from decellularized porcine cornea extracellular matrix for use in corneal tissue engineering.Methods Porcine corneas were decellularized using a combination of detergents and nucleases. The corneas were then freeze dried and milled into a fine powder. The powder was dissolved using a pepsin digest solution which underwent gelation at 37°C by neutralizing the solutions pH. Keratocytes were cultured on the hydrogels over several weeks to determine the hydrogels biocompatibility and ability to regulate cell behavior. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on the cell seeded hydrogels to examine the influence the hydrogel had on the cells phenotype.Results Decellularization of the corneal matrix was confirmed using a DNA assay prior to matrix digestion. The hydrogels that were formed using this technique were highly transparent and able to maintain viable cells. Keratocytes seeded onto the hydrogels had fully infiltrated them after 2 weeks. Markers of keratocyte cell behavior were observed after 2 weeks in culture suggesting that the hydrogel supports the maintenance of a keratocyte phenotypeConclusion We have demonstrated a new hydrogel that can be used for engineering corneal tissue. The next step will be to test corneal epithelial with these hydrogels to determine their suitability for corneal transplantation.
Expression levels of purinergic receptors in the endothelium of human and murine cornea
Authors: CZUGALA M , FUCHSLUGER T , FUNAKI T , CHAUHAN S , DANA R 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Since loss of corneal endothelial cells (EC) due to cell death is the major problem in numerous corneal conditions as well as in tissue storage for corneal transplantation, finding ways to improve cell survival is of great importance. Purinergic receptors P2RY [G protein‐coupled receptors] and P2RX [ligand‐gated ion channels] are both known to be implicated in inflammation and apoptosis pathways, therefore modulation of these receptors may provide an efficient way to increase EC survival. The aim of this study was to study expression levels of P2RY2 and P2RX7 receptors (P2R) in murine and human corneal endothelium, as well as the association to the purinergic receptor ligand ATP.Methods Expression levels of P2R were determined by qRealTime‐PCR relying on untreated and Interleukin‐1b‐treated murine and human EC. EC apoptosis was also studied in response to ATP in a “cornea‐in‐a‐cup” assay.Results In murine EC P2RX7 were significantly predominant compared to P2RY1 and P2RY2, while in human EC P2RY2 were significantly prevailing compared to P2RX7. Exposure to ATP in increasing concentrations resulted in a steady increase of apoptosis. As indicators of EC stress, changes in cell size (polymegathism) and cell shape (loss of EC hexagonality, polymorphism) could be demonstrated.Conclusion Our data describe distinct differences in P2R expression levels in murine versus human EC showing the limitations of using the mouse model in P2R EC research. As P2R seem to be evenly distributed over the entire concave surface of the EC monolayer, inhibiting P2R interaction with their ligands (e.g. extracellular ATP) may present an effective way to prevent EC apoptosis.