bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral manifestations and dental management of a child with Zellweger syndrome
Authors: Lertsirivorakul Jinda , Wongswadiwat Malinee , Treesuwan Panta 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTZellweger syndrome (ZS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, resulting from an impairment in peroxisome function. It is characterized by craniofacial dysmorphism and neurological abnormalities, and involves several systems, which may complicate dental and anesthesia management. The case of a 7‐year‐old girl diagnosed with ZS is described with emphasis on oral manifestations, oral rehabilitation under general anesthesia (GA), and home oral care. Apart from the unique features of ZS, she presented with clinodactyly, distinctive palatal vault, Class III malocclusion, missing teeth, microdontia, and delayed dental formation. Dental treatment under GA was conducted with concerns of risk of respiratory insufficiency. Oral home care by the parent and regular recall visits were essential to maintain good oral health. Children with ZS may survive into late childhood. They, however, present multiple health problems that are of special concern for not only the pediatric dentist but also the anesthesiologist. Collaboration with the medical team is essential for optimal care of these patients.
The effects of baicalein on canine osteosarcoma cell proliferation and death
Authors: Helmerick E. C. , Loftus J. P. , Wakshlag J. J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFlavonoids are a group of modified triphenolic compounds from plants with medicinal properties. Baicalein, a specific flavone primarily isolated from plant roots (Scutellaria baicalensis), is commonly used in Eastern medicine for its anti‐inflammatory and antineoplastic properties. Previous research shows greater efficacy for baicalein than most flavonoids; however, there has been little work examining their effects on sarcoma cells, let alone canine cells. Three canine osteosarcoma cell lines (HMPOS, D17 and OS 2.4) were treated with baicalein to examine cell viability, cell cycle kinetics, anchorage‐independent growth and apoptosis. Results showed that osteosarcoma cells were sensitive to baicalein at concentrations from approximately 1 to 25 μM. Modest cell cycle changes were observed in one cell line. Baicalein was effective in inducing apoptosis and did not prevent doxorubicin cell proliferation inhibition in all the cell lines. The mechanism for induction of apoptosis has not been fully elucidated; however, changes in mitochondrial permeability supersede the apoptotic response.
Scaling‐law for the energy dependence of anatomic power spectrum in dedicated breast CT
Authors: Vedantham Srinivasan , Shi Linxi , Glick Stephen J. , Karellas Andrew 
Published: December 2012

Purpose:To determine the x‐ray photon energy dependence of the anatomic power spectrum of the breast when imaged with dedicated breast computed tomography (CT).Methods:A theoretical framework for scaling the empirically determined anatomic power spectrum at one x‐ray photon energy to that at any given x‐ray photon energy when imaged with dedicated breast CT was developed. Theory predicted that when the anatomic power spectrum is fitted with a power curve of the formk f−β, where k and β are fit coefficients and f is spatial frequency, the exponent β would be independent of x‐ray photon energy (E), and the amplitude k scales with the square of the difference in energy‐dependent linear attenuation coefficients of fibroglandular and adipose tissues. Twenty mastectomy specimens based numerical phantoms that were previously imaged with a benchtop flat‐panel cone‐beam CT system were converted to 3D distribution of glandular weight fraction (fg) and were used to verify the theoretical findings. The 3D power spectrum was computed in terms of fg and after converting to linear attenuation coefficients at monoenergetic x‐ray photon energies of 20–80 keV in 5 keV intervals. The 1D power spectra along the axes were extracted and fitted with a power curve of the form k f−β. The energy dependence of k and β were analyzed.Results:For the 20 mastectomy specimen based numerical phantoms used in the study, the exponent β was found to be in the range of 2.34–2.42, depending on the axis of measurement. Numerical simulations agreed with the theoretical predictions that for a power‐law anatomic spectrum of the formk f−β, β was independent of E and k(E) = k1[μg(E) − μa(E)]2, where k1 is a constant, and μg(E) and μa(E) represent the energy‐dependent linear attenuation coefficients of fibroglandular and adipose tissues, respectively.Conclusions:Numerical simulations confirmed the theoretical predictions that in dedicated breast CT, the spatial frequency dependence of the anatomic power spectrum will be independent of x‐ray photon energy, and the amplitude of the anatomic power spectrum scales by the square of difference in linear attenuation coefficients of fibroglandular and adipose tissues.
A digitally reconstructed radiograph algorithm calculated from first principles
Authors: Staub David , Murphy Martin J. 
Published: December 2012

Purpose:To develop an algorithm for computing realistic digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) that match real cone‐beam CT (CBCT) projections with no artificial adjustments.Methods:The authors used measured attenuation data from cone‐beam CT projection radiographs of different materials to obtain a function to convert CT number to linear attenuation coefficient (LAC). The effects of scatter, beam hardening, and veiling glare were first removed from the attenuation data. Using this conversion function the authors calculated the line integral of LAC through a CT along rays connecting the radiation source and detector pixels with a ray‐tracing algorithm, producing raw DRRs. The effects of scatter, beam hardening, and veiling glare were then included in the DRRs through postprocessing.Results:The authors compared actual CBCT projections to DRRs produced with all corrections (scatter, beam hardening, and veiling glare) and to uncorrected DRRs. Algorithm accuracy was assessed through visual comparison of projections and DRRs, pixel intensity comparisons, intensity histogram comparisons, and correlation plots of DRR‐to‐projection pixel intensities. In general, the fully corrected algorithm provided a small but nontrivial improvement in accuracy over the uncorrected algorithm. The authors also investigated both measurement‐ and computation‐based methods for determining the beam hardening correction, and found the computation‐based method to be superior, as it accounted for nonuniform bowtie filter thickness. The authors benchmarked the algorithm for speed and found that it produced DRRs in about 0.35 s for full detector and CT resolution at a ray step‐size of 0.5 mm.Conclusions:The authors have demonstrated a DRR algorithm calculated from first principles that accounts for scatter, beam hardening, and veiling glare in order to produce accurate DRRs. The algorithm is computationally efficient, making it a good candidate for iterative CT reconstruction techniques that require a data fidelity term based on the matching of DRRs and projections.
Cross-cultural adaptation of the VISA-P questionnaire for Greek-speaking patients with patellar tendinopathy
Authors: Korakakis Vasileios , Patsiaouras Asterios , Malliaropoulos Nikos 
Published: December 2012

ObjectivesTo cross-culturally adapt the VISA-P questionnaire for Greek-speaking patients and evaluate its psychometric properties.BackgroundThe VISA-P was developed in the English language to evaluate patients with patellar tendinopathy. The validity and use of self-administered questionnaires in different language and cultural populations require a specific procedure in order to maintain their content validity.MethodsThe VISA-P questionnaire was translated and cross-culturally adapted according to specific guidelines. The validity and reliability were tested in 61 healthy recreational athletes, 64 athletes at risk from different sports, 32 patellar tendinopathy patients and 30 patients with other knee injuries. Participants completed the questionnaire at baseline and after 15–17 days.ResultsThe questionnaire's face and content validity were judged as good by the expert committee, and the participants. Concurrent validity was almost perfect (ρ=−0.839, p<0.001). Also, factorial validity testing revealed a two-factor solution, which explained 85.6% of the total variance. A one-factor solution explained 80.8% of the variance when the other knee injury group was excluded. Known group validity was demonstrated by significant differences between patients compared with the asymptomatic groups (p<0.001). The VISA-P-GR exhibited very good test–retest reliability (ICC=0.818, p<0.001; 95% CI 0.758 to 0.864) and internal consistency since Cronbach's α analysis ranged from α=0.785 to 0.784 following a 15–17 days interval.ConclusionsThe translated VISA-P-GR is a valid and reliable questionnaire and its psychometric properties are comparable with the original and adapted versions.
Consensus views on implementation and measurement of enhanced recovery after surgery in England: Delphi study
Authors: Knott Amy , Pathak Samir , McGrath John S , Kennedy Robin , Horgan Alan , Mythen Monty , Carter Fiona , Francis Nader K 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveThe Department of Health's Enhanced Recovery Partnership Programme (ERPP) started a spread and adoption scheme of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) throughout England. In preparation for widespread adoption the ERPP wished to obtain expert consensus on appropriate outcome measures for ERAS, emerging techniques being widely adopted and proposed methods for the continued development and sustainability of ERAS in the National Health Service. The aim of this study was to interrogate expert opinion and define areas of consensus on these issues.DesignA Delphi technique using three rounds of reiterative questionnaires was used to obtain consensus.ParticipantsExperts were chosen from teams with experience of delivering a successful ERAS programme across different surgical specialties and across various disciplines.SettingThe first two rounds of the questionnaire were completed online and a final, third round was undertaken in a meeting using interactive voting.Results86 experts took part in this study. Consensus statements agreed that patient experience data should be recorded, analysed and reviewed at regular ERAS meetings. Recent developments in regional analgesia, the increased use of intraoperative monitoring for fluid management and cardio-pulmonary exercise testing were the main emerging techniques identified. National standards for those outcome measures would be welcomed. To sustain success in ERAS, the experts highlighted clinical champions and the presence of a dedicated ERAS facilitator as essential elements. For future networking, a unanimous agreement was achieved on the formation a national network to facilitate spread and adoption of ERAS and to promote research and education across surgery.ConclusionsConsensus was achieved on regular measurement and review of patient experience in ERAS. Agreement was reached on the role of regional analgesia and the use of oesophageal Doppler for intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy. In order to facilitate the further spread and adoption of best practices and to promote research and education, an ERAS-UK network was recommended.
Protocol for a phase III randomised trial of image-guided intensity modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT) and conventional radiotherapy for late small bowel toxicity reduction after postoperative adjuvant radiation in Ca cervix
Authors: Chopra Supriya , Engineer Reena , Mahantshetty Umesh , Misra Shagun , Phurailatpam Reena , Paul Siji N , Kannan Sadhna , Kerkar Rajendra , Maheshwari Amita , Shylasree TS , Ghosh Jaya , Gupta Sudeep , Thomas Biji , Singh Shalini , Sharma Sanjiv , Chilikuri Srinivas , Shrivastava Shyam Kishore 
Published: December 2012

IntroductionExternal beam radiation followed by vaginal brachytherapy (±chemotherapy) leads to reduction in the risk of local recurrence and improves progression-free survival in patients with adverse risk factors following Wertheim's hysterectomy albeit at the risk of late bowel toxicity. Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) results in reduction in bowel doses and has potential to reduce late morbidity, however, needs to be confirmed prospectively in a randomised trial. The present randomised trial tests reduction if any in late small bowel toxicity with the use of IMRT in postoperative setting.Methods and analysisPatients more than 18 years of age who need adjuvant (chemo) radiation will be eligible. Patients with residual pelvic or para-aortic nodal disease, history of multiple abdominal surgeries or any other medical bowel condition will be excluded. The trial will randomise patients into standard radiation or IMRT. The primary aim is to compare differences in late grades II–IV bowel toxicity between the two arms. The secondary aims of the study focus on evaluating correlation of dose–volume parameters and late toxicity and quality of life. The trial is planned as a multicentre randomised study. The trial is designed to detect a 13% difference in late grades II–IV bowel toxicity with an α of 0.05 and β of 0.80. A total of 240 patients will be required to demonstrate the aforesaid difference.Ethics and disseminationThe trial is approved by institutional ethics review board and will be routinely monitored as per standard guidelines. The study results will be disseminated via peer reviewed scientific journals, conference presentations and submission to regulatory authorities.RegistrationThe trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01279135).
Relationship between baseline resting diastolic function and exercise capacity in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy undergoing treadmill stress echocardiography: a cohort study
Authors: AlJaroudi Wael A , Desai Milind Y , Alraies M Chadi , Thamilarasan Maran , Menon Venu , Rodriguez L Leonardo , Smedira Nicholas , Grimm Richard A , Lever Harry M , Jaber Wael A 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveDiastolic dysfunction (DD) is often incriminated in the symptomatology of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but with limited supporting data. This study sought to assess the relationship between baseline diastolic function and exercise capacity in patients with HCM.DesignRetrospective study.SettingTertiary referral centre from Cleveland, Ohio, USA.Participants695 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of HCM who underwent exercise stress echocardiography between 1996 and 2011.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDiastolic function was reassessed from the resting echocardiograms by two blinded board-certified cardiologists. Maximal metabolic equivalents (MET) were extracted from the records. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of METs achieved.ResultsOf 695 patients, 130 were excluded because of inability to assess diastolic function. There was no significant difference in maximal METs achieved between those excluded and included in the analysis (p=0.80). There were 495 remaining patients with a mean age (SD) of 50 (15) years, and 32% women among whom 102 (21%) had normal diastolic function, 243 (49%) stage 1 DD; 131 (26%) stage 2 DD and 19 (4%) stage 3 DD. Patients with advanced DD had lower maximal METs achieved compared with those with normal diastolic function (OR 3.18(1.96 to 5.14) for stage 1 versus normal, and 3.21(1.89 to 5.43) for stage ≥2 versus normal, p<0.0001 for both). After adjustment for demographics, comorbidities, echocardiographic parameters and haemodynamics, baseline DD was not an independent predictor of maximal METs achieved.ConclusionsAlthough baseline DD is common in patients with HCM, it does not predict maximal METs achieved beyond traditional risk factors.
Clinician beliefs and attitudes about home haemodialysis: a multinational interview study
Authors: Tong Allison , Palmer Suetonia , Manns Braden , Craig Jonathan C , Ruospo Marinella , Gargano Letizia , Johnson David W , Hegbrant Jörgen , Olsson Måns , Fishbane Steven , Strippoli Giovanni F M 
Published: December 2012

ObjectivesTo explore clinician beliefs and attitudes about home haemodialysis in global regions where the prevalence of home haemodialysis is low, and to identify barriers to developing home haemodialysis services and possible strategies to increase acceptance and uptake of home haemodialysis.DesignSemistructured interviews, thematic analysis.Setting15 dialysis centres in Italy, Portugal, France, Germany, Sweden and Argentina.Participants28 nephrologists and 14 nurses caring for patients receiving in-centre haemodialysis.ResultsWe identified four major themes as being central to clinician beliefs about home haemodialysis in regions without established services: external structural barriers (ready access to dialysis centres, inadequate housing conditions, unstable economic environment); dialysis centre characteristics (availability of alternative treatments, competing service priorities, commercial interests); clinician responsibility and motivation (preserving safety and security, lack of awareness, knowledge and experience, potential to offer lifestyle benefits, professional interest and advancement); and cultural apprehension (an unrelenting imposition, carer burden, attachment to professional healthcare provision, limited awareness).ConclusionsDespite recognising the potential benefits of home haemodialysis, clinicians practicing in Europe and South America felt apprehensive and doubted the feasibility of home haemodialysis programmes. Programmes that provide clinicians with direct experience of home haemodialysis could increase acceptance and motivation for home-based haemodialysis, as might service prioritisation and funding models that favour home haemodialysis.
Nitroreductase, a Near-Infrared Reporter Platform for In Vivo Time-Domain Optical Imaging of Metastatic Cancer
Authors: McCormack Emmet , Silden Elisabeth , West Richard M. , Pavlin Tina , Micklem David R. , Lorens James B. , Haug Bengt Erik , Cooper Michael E. , Gjertsen Bjørn Tore 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The ability to visualize reporter gene expression in vivo has revolutionized all facets of biologic investigation and none more so than imaging applications in oncology. Near-infrared reporter gene imaging may facilitate more accurate evaluation of chemotherapeutic response in preclinical models of orthotopic and metastatic cancers. We report the development of a cell permeable, quenched squarine probe (CytoCy5S), which is reduced by Escherichia coli nitroreductase (NTR), resulting in a near-infrared fluorescent product. Time-domain molecular imaging of NTR/CytoCy5S reporter platform permitted noninvasive monitoring of disease progression in orthotopic xenografts of disseminated leukemia, lung, and metastatic breast cancer. This methodology facilitated therapeutic evaluation of NTR gene–directed enzymatic prodrug therapy with conventional metronidazole antibiotics. These studies show NTR/CytoCy5S as a near-infrared gene reporter system with broad preclinical and prospective clinical applications within imaging, and gene therapy, of cancer. Cancer Res; 73(4); 1276–86. ©2012 AACR.
Dysregulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis in Human Prostate Cancer through Loss of ABCA1
Authors: Lee Byron H. , Taylor Margaret G. , Robinet Peggy , Smith Jonathan D. , Schweitzer Jessica , Sehayek Ephraim , Falzarano Sara M. , Magi-Galluzzi Cristina , Klein Eric A. , Ting Angela H. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Recent epidemiologic data show that low serum cholesterol level as well as statin use is associated with a decreased risk of developing aggressive or advanced prostate cancer, suggesting a role for cholesterol in aggressive prostate cancer development. Intracellular cholesterol promotes prostate cancer progression as a substrate for de novo androgen synthesis and through regulation of AKT signaling. By conducting next-generation sequencing–based DNA methylome analysis, we have discovered marked hypermethylation at the promoter of the major cellular cholesterol efflux transporter, ABCA1, in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. ABCA1 promoter hypermethylation renders the promoter unresponsive to transactivation and leads to elevated cholesterol levels in LNCaP. ABCA1 promoter hypermethylation is enriched in intermediate- to high-grade prostate cancers and not detectable in benign prostate. Remarkably, ABCA1 downregulation is evident in all prostate cancers examined, and expression levels are inversely correlated with Gleason grade. Our results suggest that cancer-specific ABCA1 hypermethylation and loss of protein expression direct high intracellular cholesterol levels and hence contribute to an environment conducive to tumor progression. Cancer Res; 73(3); 1211–8. ©2012 AACR.
Bortezomib Sensitizes Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells to All-Trans-Retinoic Acid–Induced Differentiation by Modifying the RARα/STAT1 Axis
Authors: Ying Meidan , Zhou Xinglu , Zhong Like , Lin Nengming , Jing Hui , Luo Peihua , Yang Xiaochun , Song Hua , Yang Bo , He Qiaojun 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAll-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) has held great promise for differentiation-based therapy but reportedly downregulates retinoic acid receptor-α (RARα) in a proteasome-dependent manner, which leads to decreased acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell differentiation efficiency. Therefore, research strategies that seek to further sensitize cells to retinoids and extend the range of retinoid-affected myeloid malignancies beyond acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) are key investigative avenues. Here, we show that bortezomib, the first proteasome inhibitor approved for newly diagnosed and relapsed multiple myeloma, exhibited strong synergism with ATRA to promote HL60 and NB4 AML cell differentiation. We observed that bortezomib sensitized AML cells to ATRA-induced morphologic, biochemical, and functional changes, indicative of myeloid differentiation without cell death. In addition, treatment of human leukemia HL60 xenografts with bortezomib and ATRA together did not increase bortezomib-induced progressive weight loss but resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition in addition to increased differentiation (P &lt; 0.05). These enhanced differentiation effects were accompanied by RARα stabilization and STAT1 activation. Taken together, our study was the first to evaluate bortezomib and ATRA synergy in AML cell differentiation and to assess new opportunities for bortezomib and ATRA combination as a promising approach for future differentiation therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(2); 195–206. ©2012 AACR.