bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capturing patient mobility levels in the hospital: An examination of nursing charting and behavioural mapping
Authors: Stewart Eric , Collector Loannis , Friedman Lisa Aronson , Gares Maddie , Funk Karli , Gopie Caitlin , Vincent Lydia , Young Daniel L. , Hoyer Erik H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsOur study aimed to (1) validate the accuracy of nursing mobility documentation and (2) identify the most effective timings for behavioural mapping.DesignWe monitored the mobility of 55 inpatients using behavioural mapping throughout a nursing day shift, comparing the observed mobility levels with the nursing charting in the electronic health record during the same period.ResultsOur results showed a high level of agreement between nursing records and observed mobility, with improved accuracy observed particularly when documentation was at 12 PM or later. Behavioural mapping observations revealed that the most effective timeframe to observe the highest levels of patient mobility was between 10 AM AND 2 PM.ConclusionTo truly understand patient mobility, comparing nursing charting with methods like behavioural mapping is beneficial. This comparison helps evaluate how well nursing records reflect actual patient mobility and offers insights into the best times for charting to capture peak mobility. While behavioural mapping is a valuable tool for auditing patient mobility, its high resource demands limit its regular use. Thus, determining the most effective times and durations for observations is key for practical implementation in hospital mobility audits.Implication for the Profession and/or Patient CareNurses are pivotal in ensuring patient mobility in hospitals, an essential element of quality care. Their role involves safely mobilizing patients and accurately charting their mobility levels during each shift. For nursing practice, this research underscores that nurse charting can accurately reflect patient mobility, and highlights that recording the patient's highest level of mobility later in the shift offers a more precise representation of their actual mobility.Reporting MethodStrobe.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
Clash of mosquito wings: Larval interspecific competition among the mosquitoes, Culex pipiens, Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti reveals complex population dynamics in shared habitats
Authors: Bursali Fatma , Ulug Derya , Touray Mustapha 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlobalisation, climate change and international trade are the factors contributing to the spread of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Ae. aegypti into new areas. In newly invaded habitats, these non‐native species can serve as arbovirus disease vectors or increase the risk of disease spill over. These mosquitoes continue to emerge in new areas where they have or will have overlapping ranges with other resident mosquito species. The study investigates how invasive Aedes mosquitoes compete with the native Culex pipiens in Türkiye, which might affect the overall mosquito population dynamics and disease transmission risks. Both Aedes species exhibited contrasting responses to interspecific competition with Cx. pipiens. While Ae. albopictus suffers reduced emergence primarily in larger containers with abundant food, Ae. aegypti surprisingly thrives in mixed cultures under all food conditions. Adult Cx. pipiens emergence drops by half against Ae. albopictus and under specific conditions with Ae. aegypti. Competition influences mosquito size differently across species and life stages. Culex pipiens females grow larger when competing with Ae. aegypti, potentially indicating resource advantage or compensatory strategies. However, Ae. albopictus size shows more nuanced responses, suggesting complex interactions at play. Understanding how invasive and native mosquitoes interact with each other can provide insights into how they adapt and coexist in shared habitats. This knowledge can inform effective control strategies. The study highlights the differential responses of invasive Aedes species and the potential for managing populations based on their competitive interactions with the native Cx. pipiens. It can contribute to improved monitoring and prediction systems for the spread of invasive mosquitoes and the associated disease risks.
Oral Mucositis and Nutritional Status in Children Who Underwent Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Comparison Between Nonmalignant and Malignant Primary Diseases
Authors: de Castro Fabíola Germano , de Paula Eduardo Fernanda , Bezinelli Leticia Mello , Hamerschlak Nelson , Netto Gabriele Zamperlini , Fernandes Juliana Folloni , Corrêa Luciana 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is a lack of studies analyzing the association between oral mucositis (OM) and nutritional imbalance in children during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The aim of this study was to compare the risk factors for OM and nutritional imbalance during HSCT in pediatric patients with nonmalignant diseases (NMD) and malignant diseases (MD).MethodsData on age, sex, primary disease, transplantation type, conditioning regimen, GVHD prophylaxis, gastrointestinal toxicity, OM, percent body weight loss or gain, nutritional repositioning, and overall survival (OS) were retrospectively collected from the 132 medical records. The data were then compared between patients with NMD (n = 70) and MD (n = 62).ResultsOM had a similar severity between the groups. The primary risk factor for OM in the NMD group was the conditioning regimen with busulfan, while in the MD group it was GVHD prophylaxis with cyclosporin and methotrexate. OM did not have an impact on body weight loss or gain in any of the groups. In the NMD, body weight gain due to fluid overload was more pronounced and associated with a lower age range. OS was similar between the groups and was not affected by OM.ConclusionsOM pattern was similar in pediatric patients with or without MD, but the factors that determined these oral lesions were different. There were disparities in body weight changes between the two groups, and these changes were not associated to OM.
Evaluation of Somatic Antigens of Adult Toxocara helminthes for Detection of Human Toxocariasis
Authors: Navi Zahra , Falak Reza , Mohebali Mehdi , Molairad Mohammad Bagher , Zarei Zabihollah , Aryaeipour Mojgan , Rahimi Foroushani Abbas , Zibaei Mohammad , Rokni Mohammad Bagher 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTWe aimed to develop an indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate the presence of specific IgG against Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati somatic antigens on the serum of patients with toxocariasis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for indirect‐ELISA were calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and Youden's J using Likelihood ratio. All statistics were analysed and graphs are plotted using GraphPad Prism version 8.4.3 (Graph Pad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA), with 95% confidence interval (CI). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for T. canis were 100%, 82%, 79% and 100%, respectively. The mentioned variables for T. cati were 97%, 82%, 78% and 98%, respectively. Five immune reactive bands of 38, 40, 72, 100 and 250 kDa were common in both species. Toxocara crude antigens were highly immunogenic in human sera. Immunoreactive bands against T. canis compared to T. cati somatic antigen were about two times more. Unlike Toxocara excretory‐secretory antigen, that was homologue in two species, somatic antigens of T. canis and T. cati showed different immunoreactive bands in our western blot.
Remittances and Livestock Management in Agropastoral Households in Rural Kyrgyzstan: Telecoupled Impacts of Globalization☆
Authors: Scott Christian Kelly , Mack Elizabeth A. , Chi Guangqing , Kelgenbaeva Kamilya , Henebry Geoffrey M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAgropastoralism and international labor migration are livelihood strategies that are interconnected as dominant ways of life across rural Kyrgyzstan. A prevalent rural livelihood strategy—agropastoralism—is closely tied to agrarian semi‐nomadic ways of life that link families and communities to the surrounding mountain environment. Another livelihood strategy—international labor migration—links or telecouples communities and income streams to transnational family structures, international labor markets, and distant economies. This article examines four hypothetical relationships between key elements of these two livelihood strategies. The relationship between remittances, pasture access, and livestock holdings is examined by analyzing 1,815 household surveys from southern rural Kyrgyzstan. We find remittances and livestock holdings have a significant positive relationship when a household is receiving a large amount of remittances, but not when the remittances received are modest. We also find that access to more distant, productive pastures is positively associated with the receipt of any amount of remittances. These findings demonstrate the ways in which migration and remittances can impact livestock management and agropastoral livelihoods at different levels of remittance reception.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 infusion in preterm piglets does not affect growth parameters of skeletal muscle or tendon tissue
Authors: Tangbjerg Malene , Damgaard Ann , Karlsen Anders , Svensson Rene B. , Schjerling Peter , Gelabert‐Rebato Miriam , Pankratova Stanislava , Sangild Per Torp , Kjaer Michael , Mackey Abigail L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrematurity has physical consequences, such as lower birth weight, decreased muscle mass and increased risk of adult‐onset metabolic disease. Insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) has therapeutic potential to improve the growth and quality of muscle and tendon in premature births, and thus attenuate some of these sequalae. We investigated the effect of IGF‐1 on extensor carpi radialis muscle and biceps brachii tendon of preterm piglets. The preterm group consisted of 19‐day‐old preterm (10 days early) piglets, treated with either IGF‐1 or vehicle. Term controls consisted of groups of 9‐day‐old piglets (D9) and 19‐day‐old piglets (D19). Muscle samples were analysed by immunofluorescence to determine the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of muscle fibres, fibre type composition, satellite cell content and central nuclei‐containing fibres in the muscle. Tendon samples were analysed for CSA, collagen content and maturation, and vascularization. Gene expression of the tendon was measured by RT‐qPCR. Across all endpoints, we found no significant effect of IGF‐1 treatment on preterm piglets. Preterm piglets had smaller muscle fibre CSA compared to D9 and D19 control group. Satellite cell content was similar across all groups. For tendon, we found an effect of age on tendon CSA, and mRNA levels of COL1A1, tenomodulin and scleraxis. Immunoreactivity for elastin and CD31, and several markers of tendon maturation, were increased in D9 compared to the preterm piglets. Collagen content was similar across groups. IGF‐1 treatment of preterm‐born piglets does not influence the growth and maturation of skeletal muscle and tendon.
A role for synapsin tetramerization in synaptic vesicle clustering
Authors: Song Sang‐Ho , Augustine George J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough synapsins have long been proposed to be key regulators of synaptic vesicle (SV) clustering, their mechanism of action has remained mysterious and somewhat controversial. Here, we review synapsins and their associations with each other and with SVs. We highlight the recent hypothesis that synapsin tetramerization is a mechanism for SV clustering. This hypothesis, which aligns with numerous experimental results, suggests that the larger size of synapsin tetramers, in comparison to dimers, allows tetramers to form optimal bridges between SVs that overcome the repulsive force associated with the negatively charged membrane of SVs and allow synapsins to form a reserve pool of SVs within presynaptic terminals.
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Selective host autophagy is induced during the intracellular parasite
Toxoplasma gondii
infection controlling amino acid levels
Authors: White Matthew D. , Angara Rajendra K. , Dias Leticia Torres , Shinde Dhananjay D. , Thomas Vinai C. , Augusto Leonardo 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Toxoplasma gondii,
a widespread parasite, has the ability to infect nearly any nucleated cell in warm-blooded vertebrates. It is estimated that around 2 billion people globally have been infected by this pathogen. Although most healthy individuals can effectively control parasite replication, certain parasites may evade the immune response, establishing cysts in the brain that are refractory to the immune system and resistant to available drugs. For its chronic persistence in the brain, the parasite relies on host cells’ nutrients, particularly amino acids and lipids. Therefore, understanding how latent parasites persist in the brain is crucial for identifying potential drug targets against chronic forms. While shielded within parasitophorous vacuoles (PVs) or cysts,
Toxoplasma
exploits the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER) metabolism to sustain its persistence in the brain, resulting in host neurological alterations. In this study, we demonstrate that
T. gondii
disrupts the host ER homeostasis, resulting in the accumulation of unfolded protein within the host ER. The host counters this stress by initiating an autophagic pathway known as ER-phagy, which breaks down unfolded proteins into amino acids, promoting their recycling. Our findings unveil the underlying mechanisms employed by
T. gondii
to exploit host ER and lysosomal pathways, enhancing nutrient levels during infection. These insights provide new strategies for the treatment of toxoplasmosis.

IMPORTANCE

Intracellular parasites employ several mechanisms to manipulate the cellular environment, enabling them to persist in the host.
Toxoplasma gondii
, a single-celled parasite, possesses the ability to infect virtually any nucleated cell of warm-blooded vertebrates, including nearly 2 billion people worldwide. Unfortunately, existing treatments and immune responses are not entirely effective in eliminating the chronic persisting forms of the parasite. This study reveals that
T. gondii
induces the host’s autophagic pathway to boost amino acid levels in infected cells. The depletion of amino acids, in turn, influences the persistence of the parasite’s chronic forms. Significantly, our investigation establishes the crucial role of host endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-phagy in the parasite’s persistence within the host during latent infection.
Strain variation in the
Candida albicans
iron limitation response
Authors: Xiong Liping , Goerlich Katharina , Do Eunsoo , Mitchell Aaron P. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Iron acquisition is critical for pathogens to proliferate during invasive infection, and the human fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
is no exception. The iron regulatory network, established in reference strain SC5314 and derivatives, includes the central player Sef1, a transcription factor that activates iron acquisition genes in response to iron limitation. Here, we explored potential variation in this network among five diverse
C. albicans
strains through mutant analysis, Nanostring gene expression profiling, and, for two strains, RNA-Seq. Our findings highlight four features that may inform future studies of natural variation and iron acquisition in this species. (i) Conformity: In all strains, major iron acquisition genes are upregulated during iron limitation, and a
sef1
Δ/Δ mutation impairs that response and growth during iron limitation. (ii) Response variation: Some aspects of the iron limitation response vary among strains, notably the activation of hypha-associated genes. As this gene set is tied to tissue damage and virulence, variation may impact the progression of infection. (iii) Genotype-phenotype variation: The impact of a
sef1
Δ/Δ mutation on cell wall integrity varies, and for the two strains examined the phenotype correlated with
sef1
Δ/Δ impact on several cell wall integrity genes. (iv) Phenotype discovery: DNA repair genes were induced modestly by iron limitation in
sef1
Δ/Δ mutants, with fold changes we would usually ignore. However, the response occurred in both strains tested and was reminiscent of a much stronger response described in
Cryptococcus neoformans
, a suggestion that it may have biological meaning. In fact, we observed that the iron limitation of a
sef1
Δ/Δ mutant caused recessive phenotypes to emerge at two heterozygous loci. Overall, our results show that a network that is critical for pathogen proliferation presents variation outside of its core functions.

IMPORTANCE

A key virulence factor of
Candida albicans
is the ability to maintain iron homeostasis in the host where iron is scarce. We focused on a central iron regulator,
SEF1
. We found that iron regulator Sef1 is required for growth, cell wall integrity, and genome integrity during iron limitation. The novel aspect of this work is the characterization of strain variation in a circuit that is required for survival in the host and the connection of iron acquisition to genome integrity in
C. albicans
.
Dengue virus non-structural protein 3 inhibits mitochondrial respiration by impairing complex I function
Authors: Sousa Bruna G. , Mebus-Antunes Nathane C. , Fernandes-Siqueira Lorena O. , Caruso Marjolly B. , Saraiva Georgia N. , Carvalho Clara F. , Neves-Martins Thais C. , Galina Antonio , Zingali Russolina B. , Zeidler Julianna D. , Da Poian Andrea T. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Dengue virus (DENV) infection is known to affect host cell metabolism, but the molecular players involved are still poorly known. Using a proteomics approach, we identified six DENV proteins associated with mitochondria isolated from infected hepatocytes, and most of the peptides identified were from NS3. We also found an at least twofold decrease of several electron transport system (ETS) host proteins. Thus, we investigated whether NS3 could modulate the ETS function by incubating recombinant DENV NS3 constructs in mitochondria isolated from mouse liver. We found that NS3pro (NS3 protease domain), but not the correspondent catalytically inactive mutant (NS3proS135A), impairs complex I (CI)-dependent NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity, but not the activities of complexes II, III, IV, or V. Accordingly, using high-resolution respirometry, we found that both NS3pro and full-length NS3 decrease the respiratory rates associated with malate/pyruvate oxidation in mitochondria. The NS3-induced impairment in mitochondrial respiration occurs without altering either leak respiration or mitochondria’s capacity to maintain membrane potential, suggesting that NS3 does not deeply affect mitochondrial integrity. Remarkably, CI activity is also inhibited in DENV-infected cells, supporting that the NS3 effects observed in isolated mitochondria may be relevant in the context of the infection. Finally,
in silico
analyses revealed the presence of potential NS3 cleavage sites in 17 subunits of mouse CI and 16 subunits of human CI, most of them located on the CI surface, suggesting that CI is prone to undergo proteolysis by NS3. Our findings suggest that DENV NS3 can modulate mitochondrial bioenergetics by directly affecting CI function.

IMPORTANCE
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide, affecting about 400 million people yearly. Despite its importance, many molecular aspects of dengue pathogenesis remain poorly known. For several years, our group has been investigating DENV-induced metabolic alterations in the host cells, focusing on the bioenergetics of mitochondrial respiration. The results of the present study reveal that the DENV non-structural protein 3 (NS3) is found in the mitochondria of infected cells, impairing mitochondrial respiration by directly targeting one of the components of the electron transport system, the respiratory complex I (CI). NS3 acts as the viral protease during the DENV replication cycle, and its proteolytic activity seems necessary for inhibiting CI function. Our findings uncover new nuances of DENV-induced metabolic alterations, highlighting NS3 as an important player in the modulation of mitochondria function during infection.
Autoclaving is at least as effective as gamma irradiation for biotic clearing and intentional microbial recolonization of soil
Authors: King William L. , Grandinette Emily M. , Trase Olivia , Rolon M. Laura , Salis Howard M. , Wood Harlow , Bell Terrence H. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Sterilization is commonly used to remove or reduce the biotic constraints of a soil to allow recolonization by soil-dwelling organisms, with autoclaving and gamma irradiation being the most frequently used approaches. Many studies have characterized sterilization impacts on soil physicochemical properties, with gamma irradiation often described as the preferred approach, despite the lower cost and higher scalability of autoclaving. However, few studies have compared how sterilization techniques impact soil recolonization by microorganisms. Here, we compared how two sterilization approaches (autoclaving; gamma irradiation) and soil washing impacted microbial recolonization of soil from a diverse soil inoculum. Sterilization method had little impact on microbial alpha diversity across recolonized soils. For sterile soil regrowth microcosms, species richness and diversity were significantly reduced by autoclaving relative to gamma irradiation, particularly for fungi. There was no impact of sterilization method on bacterial composition in recolonized soils and minimal impact on fungal composition (
P
= 0.05). Washing soils had a greater impact on microbial composition than sterilization method, and sterile soil regrowth had negligible impacts on microbial recolonization. These data suggest that sterilization method has no clear impact on microbial recolonization, at least across the soils tested, indicating that soil autoclaving is an appropriate and economical approach for biotically clearing soils.

IMPORTANCE
Sterilized soils represent soil-like environments that act as a medium to study microbial colonization dynamics in more “natural” settings relative to artificial culturing environments. Soil sterilization is often carried out by gamma irradiation or autoclaving, which both alter soil properties, but gamma irradiation is thought to be the gentler technique. Gamma irradiation can be cost prohibitive and does not scale well for larger experiments. We sought to examine how soil sterilization technique can impact microbial colonization, and additionally looked at the impact of soil washing which is believed to remove soil toxins that inhibit soil recolonization. We found that both gamma-irradiated and autoclaved soils showed similar colonization patterns when reintroducing microorganisms. Soil washing, relative to sterilization technique, had a greater impact on which microorganisms were able to recolonize the soil. When allowing sterilized soils to regrow (i.e., persisting microorganisms), gamma irradiation performed worse, suggesting that gamma irradiation does not biotically clear soils as well as autoclaving. These data suggest that both sterilization techniques are comparable, and that autoclaving may be more effective at biotically clearing soil.