bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Epidemiological Study on the Awareness and Attitude of the Youths Toward AIDS in a Rural Area of West Bengal in India
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Sanjib , Das Saibal , Mondal Somnath 
Published: June 2014

Introduction: This community-based cross-sectional epidemiological study was performed to assess the awareness and attitude of youths toward AIDS in a rural area of West Bengal in India. Methods: Study population included 190 individuals (15–24 years). Data were collected using a semistructured, pretested questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 17 by logistic regression model. Results: It was revealed that older youths and particularly men compared to women had more comprehensive knowledge of AIDS than adolescents. Education, media exposure, marriage, and possessing above poverty level (APL) status, all had stronger positive association with youths (more in men) having comprehensive knowledge of AIDS. Older, never married youths, and particularly men were more likely than adolescents to have accepting attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS. Education, media exposure, and not having below poverty level card, all had stronger positive association with youths having accepting attitudes toward women than toward men. Surprisingly among the male APL population, this association was negative. Conclusion: Educational and socioeconomic setbacks should be overcome in order to impose a better and justified attitude toward HIV/AIDS. Improved health conditions, proper counseling, and knowledge are essential to break the barriers of communication and ignorance toward HIV/AIDS in these parts of the developing countries.
Homoeologous duplicated regions are involved in quantitative resistance of Brassica napus to stem canker
Authors: Fopa Fomeju Berline , Falentin Cyril , Lassalle Gilles , Manzanares-Dauleux Maria J , Delourme Régine 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundSeveral major crop species are current or ancient polyploids. To better describe the genetic factors controlling traits of agronomic interest (QTL), it is necessary to understand the structural and functional organisation of these QTL regions in relation to genome duplication. We investigated quantitative resistance to the fungal disease stem canker inBrassica napus,a highly duplicated amphidiploid species, to assess the proportion of resistance QTL located at duplicated positions.ResultsGenome-wide association analysis on a panel of 116 oilseed rape varieties genotyped with 3228 SNP indicated that 321 markers, corresponding to 64 genomic regions, are associated with resistance to stem canker. These genomic regions are relatively equally distributed on the A (53%) and C (47%) genomes ofB. napus. Overall, 44% of these regions (28/64) are duplicated homoeologous regions. They are located in duplications of six (E, J, R, T, U and W) of the 24 ancestral blocks that constitute theB. napusgenome. Overall, these six ancestral blocks have 34 duplicated copies in theB.napusgenome. Almost all of the duplicated copies (82% of the 34 regions) harboured resistance associated markers for stem canker resistance, which suggests structural and functional conservation of genetic factors involved in this trait inB. napus.ConclusionsOur study provides information on the involvement of duplicated loci in the control of stem canker resistance inB. napus. Further investigation of the similarity/divergence in sequence and gene content of these duplicated regions will provide insight into the conservation and allelic diversity of the underlying genes.
Cytotoxic effects of the compound cis-tetraammine(oxalato)ruthenium(III) dithionate on K-562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells
Authors: Pereira Flávia de Castro , de Lima Aliny Pereira , Vilanova-Costa Cesar Augusto Sam Tiago , Pires Wanessa Carvalho , Ribeiro Alessandra de Santana Braga Barbosa , Pereira Lucas Carlos Gomes , Pavanin Luiz Alfredo , dos Santos Wagner Batista , Silveira-Lacerda Elisângela de Paula 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Chemotherapy is a common treatment for leukemia. Ruthenium complexes have shown potential utility in chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. The identification of new chemotherapeutics agents is critical for further progress in the treatment of leukemia. Ruthenium complexes generally have lower toxicities compared to cisplatin attributed to their specific accumulation in cancer tissues. Based on these evidences, in the present work we studied the cytotoxic activity of the ruthenium(III) compound cis-tetraammine(oxalato)ruthenium(III) dithionate - {cis-[Ru(C2O4)(NH3)4]2(S2O6)} against human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells (K-562) tumor cell line. The tested compound induces cell death in a dose and time dependent manner on K-562 cells. It is found that the effect was improved linearly while prolonging the incubation time. Compared to the cell cycle profiles of untreated cells, flow cytometric analysis indicated the sub-G1 arresting effect of ruthenium compound on K-562 cells. In our study, {cis-[Ru(C2O4)(NH3)4]2(S2O6)} shows a significant increase in tailed cells in any of the concentrations tested compared with negative control. Consequently, the concentration of {cis-[Ru(C2O4)(NH3)4]2(S2O6)} might be associated cytotoxicity with direct effect on K-562 cells DNA. Thus, it can be deducted that ruthenium-based compounds present selectivity to enter both tumor and normal cells. Additional studies are needed to determine the molecular mechanisms of the active components and to evaluate the potential in vivo anticancer activity of the cis-tetraammine(oxalato)ruthenium(III) dithionate.
Nitroglycerin reverts clinical manifestations of poor peripheral perfusion in patients with circulatory shock
Authors: Lima Alexandre , van Genderen Michel E , van Bommel Jasper , Klijn Eva , Jansem Tim , Bakker Jan 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Recent clinical studies have shown a relationship between abnormalities in peripheral perfusion and unfavorable outcome in patients with circulatory shock. Nitroglycerin is effective in restoring alterations in microcirculatory blood flow. The aim of this study was to investigate whether nitroglycerin could correct the parameters of abnormal peripheral circulation in resuscitated circulatory shock patients.

Methods
This interventional study recruited patients who had circulatory shock and who persisted with abnormal peripheral perfusion despite normalization of global hemodynamic parameters. Nitroglycerin started at 2 mg/hour and doubled stepwise (4, 8, and 16 mg/hour) each 15 minutes until an improvement in peripheral perfusion was observed. Peripheral circulation parameters included capillary refill time (CRT), skin-temperature gradient (Tskin-diff), perfusion index (PI), and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) during a reactive hyperemia test (RincStO2). Measurements were performed before, at the maximum dose, and after cessation of nitroglycerin infusion. Data were analyzed by using linear model for repeated measurements and are presented as mean (standard error).

Results
Of the 15 patients included, four patients (27%) responded with an initial nitroglycerin dose of 2 mg/hour. In all patients, nitroglycerin infusion resulted in significant changes in CRT, Tskin-diff, and PI toward normal at the maximum dose of nitroglycerin: from 9.4 (0.6) seconds to 4.8 (0.3) seconds (P <0.05), from 3.3°C (0.7°C) to 0.7°C (0.6°C) (P <0.05), and from [log] -0.5% (0.2%) to 0.7% (0.1%) (P <0.05), respectively. Similar changes in StO2 and RincStO2 were observed: from 75% (3.4%) to 84% (2.7%) (P <0.05) and 1.9%/second (0.08%/second) to 2.8%/second (0.05%/second) (P <0.05), respectively. The magnitude of changes in StO2 was more pronounced for StO2 of less than 75%: 11% versus 4%, respectively (P <0.05).

Conclusions
Dose-dependent infusion of nitroglycerin reverted abnormal peripheral perfusion and poor tissue oxygenation in patients following circulatory shock resuscitation. Individual requirements of nitroglycerin dose to improve peripheral circulation vary between patients. A simple and fast physical examination of peripheral circulation at the bedside can be used to titrate nitroglycerin infusion.
Design for Value Co-Creation: Exploring Synergies Between Design for Service and Service Logic
Authors: Wetter-Edman Katarina , Sangiorgi Daniela , Edvardsson Bo , Holmlid Stefan , Grönroos Christian , Mattelmäki Tuuli 
Published: June 2014

This paper aims to bridge recent work on Service Logic with practice and research in the Design for Service to explore whether and how human-centered collaborative design approaches could provide a source for interpreting existing service systems and proposing new ones and thus realize a Service Logic in organizations. A comparison is made of existing theoretical backgrounds and frameworks from Service Logic and Design for Service studies that conceptualize core concepts for value co-creation: actors, resources, resource integration, service systems, participation, context, and experience. We find that Service Logic provides a framework for understanding service systems in action by focusing on how actors integrate resources to co-create value for themselves and others, whereas Design for Service provides an approach and tools to explore current service systems as a context to imagine future service systems and how innovation may develop as a result of reconfigurations of resources and actors. Design for Service also provides approaches, competences, and tools that enable involved actors to participate in and be a part of the service system redesign. Design for value co-creation is presented using this model. The paper builds on and extends the Service Logic research first by repositioning service design from a phase of development to Design for Service as an approach to service innovation, centered on understanding and engaging with customers' own value-creating practices. Second, it builds on and extends through discussing the meaning of value co-creation and identifying and distinguishing collaborative approaches for the generation of new resource constellations. In doing so, the collaborative approaches allow for achieving value co-creation in designing.
Some examples of quasiisometries of nilpotent Lie groups
Authors: Xie Xiangdong 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We construct quasiisometries of nilpotent Lie groups.
In particular, for any simply connected nilpotent Lie group
N, we construct quasiisometries from N to itself that is
not at finite distance from any map that is a composition
of left translations and automorphisms. We also construct bi-Lipschitz maps of the Heisenberg groups that send vertical lines to curves that are not vertical lines.
Developing checklists to prevent diagnostic error in Emergency Room settings
Authors: Graber Mark L. , Sorensen Asta V. , Biswas Jon , Modi Varsha , Wackett Andrew , Johnson Scott , Lenfestey Nancy , Meyer Ashley N.D. , Singh Hardeep 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background: Checklists have been shown to improve performance of complex, error-prone processes. To develop a checklist with potential to reduce the likelihood of diagnostic error for patients presenting to the Emergency Room (ER) with undiagnosed conditions.

Methods: Participants included 15 staff ER physicians working in two large academic centers. A rapid cycle design and evaluation process was used to develop a general checklist for high-risk situations vulnerable to diagnostic error. Physicians used the general checklists and a set of symptom-specific checklists for a period of 2 months. We conducted a mixed methods evaluation that included interviews regarding user perceptions and quantitative assessment of resource utilization before and after checklist use.

Results: A general checklist was developed iteratively by obtaining feedback from users and subject matter experts, and was trialed along with a set of specific checklists in the ER. Both the general and the symptom-specific checklists were judged to be helpful, with a slight preference for using symptom-specific lists. Checklist use commonly prompted consideration of additional diagnostic possibilities, changed the working diagnosis in approximately 10% of cases, and anecdotally was thought to be helpful in avoiding diagnostic errors. Checklist use was prompted by a variety of different factors, not just diagnostic uncertainty. None of the physicians used the checklists in collaboration with the patient, despite being encouraged to do so. Checklist use did not prompt large changes in test ordering or consultation.

Conclusions: In the ER setting, checklists for diagnosis are helpful in considering additional diagnostic possibilities, thus having potential to prevent diagnostic errors. Inconsistent usage and using the checklists privately, instead of with the patient, are factors that may detract from obtaining maximum benefit. Further research is needed to optimize checklists for use in the ER, determine how to increase usage, to evaluate the impact of checklist utilization on error rates and patient outcomes, to determine how checklist usage affects test ordering and consultation, and to compare checklists generally with other approaches to reduce diagnostic error.
Thrombophilia testing in pregnancy: should we agree to disagree?
Authors: Lopes Laudelino , Jacob George P. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The value of testing for inherited thrombophilia in pregnancy has been debated in literature with regard to its utility in preventing adverse obstetrical outcomes or identifying women at risk for it. In this commentary, an evidence based approach is used to investigate the strength of association between thrombophilias and recurrent pregnancy loss and stillbirth. Several studies and meta-analyses have shown that there is only a weak association with recurrent pregnancy loss. However, many of these studies were underpowered, and there was significant heterogeneity-issues that are addressed in this paper. The evidence for association with stillbirth is lacking, but the few studies that are available seem to suggest a stronger correlation than for recurrent pregnancy loss. Further, the benefit of treating thrombophilias with anticoagulation in order to prevent these outcomes is discussed. While there is a lack of evidence looking at whether anticoagulation prevents stillbirth, there is strong evidence to show that anticoagulation does not prevent recurrent pregnancy loss. Finally, guidelines put out by various obstetrical and hematological societies regarding this topic are summarized.
Using the Snare System to Cross the Acute-Angled Vertebrobasilar Junction in Treating Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm with the Stent-Assisted Method via a Retrograde Approach
Authors: Shin Hee Sup , Ryu Chang-Woo , Koh Jun Seok , Lee Seung Hwan 
Published: June 2014

Retrograde stenting via the contralateral vertebral artery (VA) is a safe and effective treatment for posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm. Many methods, including tip shaping and the looping technique, have been attempted as ways to cross the vertebrobasilar (VB) junction. Here, we introduce an alternative method using a Snare system to overcome the acute-angled VB junction after repeated failures using other techniques. The Snare system was navigated to the proximal basilar artery via the ipsilateral VA. A guide-wire was introduced in the contralateral VA and gently advanced to the basilar artery in order to pass through the loop of the Snare system. Following this, the Snare system caught the guide-wire and it was very carefully pulled down to the ipsilateral VA crossing the VB junction. We suggest this technique as a method to cross the acute-angled VB junction after failure of all other attempts to overcome this challenge.
Prospective evaluation of long-term safety of dual-release hydrocortisone replacement administered once daily in patients with adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Nilsson A G , Marelli C , Fitts D , Bergthorsdottir R , Burman P , Dahlqvist P , Ekman B , Engström B Edén , Olsson T , Ragnarsson O , Ryberg M , Wahlberg J , Lennernäs H , Skrtic S , Johannsson G 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveThe objective was to assess the long-term safety profile of dual-release hydrocortisone (DR-HC) in patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI).DesignRandomised, open-label, crossover trial of DR-HC or thrice-daily hydrocortisone for 3 months each (stage 1) followed by two consecutive, prospective, open-label studies of DR-HC for 6 months (stage 2) and 18 months (stage 3) at five university clinics in Sweden.MethodsSixty-four adults with primary AI started stage 1, and an additional 16 entered stage 3. Patients received DR-HC 20–40 mg once daily and hydrocortisone 20–40 mg divided into three daily doses (stage 1 only). Main outcome measures were adverse events (AEs) and intercurrent illness (self-reported hydrocortisone use during illness).ResultsIn stage 1, patients had a median 1.5 (range, 1–9) intercurrent illness events with DR-HC and 1.0 (1–8) with thrice-daily hydrocortisone. AEs during stage 1 were not related to the cortisol exposure-time profile. The percentage of patients with one or more AEs during stage 1 (73.4% with DR-HC; 65.6% with thrice-daily hydrocortisone) decreased during stage 2, when all patients received DR-HC (51% in the first 3 months; 54% in the second 3 months). In stages 1–3 combined, 19 patients experienced 27 serious AEs, equating to 18.6 serious AEs/100 patient-years of DR-HC exposure.ConclusionsThis long-term prospective trial is the first to document the safety of DR-HC in patients with primary AI and demonstrates that such treatment is well tolerated during 24 consecutive months of therapy.
Support Vector Machine Classification of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Growth Parameters
Authors: Westing N. , Clark J. , Hooper D. , Nikolaev P. , Maruyama B. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTSelective single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) growth is a challenging problem, limiting their use in a wide variety of applications. Significant degrees of freedom in these experiments may lead to synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), which are less preferred. Thus, a method for constraining the synthesis results to only SWNTs is desired. A machine learning based approach for selectively growing SWNTs using a laser-induced chemical vapor deposition growth system is introduced. This approach models the complex relationships between the associated synthesis parameters to predict SWNT growth. The parameters under consideration include argon, ethylene, hydrogen and carbon dioxide partial pressures, growth temperature, and water vapor concentration. The catalyst consists of 10 nm of alumina and 1 nm of nickel deposited onto 10 µm diameter silicon pillars with a height of 10 µm. Determination of SWNT growth is performed through in-situ Raman spectroscopy using a 532 nm excitation laser. A total of 121 experiments are used to train a SWNT vs. MWNT classifier with a resulting model accuracy of 94.21%. The classifier model is applied to a range of simulated inputs, and the subset of these inputs that meet a >90% probability of SWNT growth are investigated further. The simulated inputs consist of 531,201,645 unique growth parameter combinations spanning the entire parameter space. A reduced dataset of 449,117 growth parameter combinations define 90% probability of SWNT growth according to the model. Randomly selected input parameters from this reduced dataset were tested experimentally, resulting in SWNT growth for all performed experiments validating the classifier model. This approach maps input growth conditions to SWNT growth selectivity using a limited set of experimental data and allows for further investigation into SWNT growth rates and chiral dependencies.
Methods for Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Water and Common Solvents
Authors: Kharisov Boris I. , Kharissova Oxana V. , Méndez Ubaldo Ortiz 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTContemporary methods for dispersion of carbon nanotubes in water and non-aqueous media are discussed. Main attention is paid to ultrasonic, plasma techniques and other physical techniques, as well as to the use of surfactants, functionalizing and debundling agents of distinct nature (elemental substances, metal and organic salts, mineral and organic acids, oxides, inorganic and organic peroxides, organic sulfonates, polymers, dyes, natural products, biomolecules, and coordination compounds).
Immigrant New Mothers in Finnish Maternity Care: An Ethnographic Study of Caring
Authors: Wikberg Anita , Eriksson Katie , Bondas Terese 
Published: June 2014

PURPOSE: To illuminate experiences and perceptions of caring in the maternity care culture of immigrant new mothers in Finland.DESIGN: This is a descriptive interpretive ethnography.PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Seventeen new mothers from different cultures on a maternity ward in a medium-sized hospital in Finland.METHODS: Focused ethnographic analysis and interpretation of interviews, observations, and field notes were used.FINDINGS: Caring was part of the positive experience of childbearing and beneficial for the health and well-being of the immigrant new mothers. Negative experiences of health care impaired their well-being. The resources of Finnish maternity care and cultural knowledge of the nurses facilitated the caring. The policy and attitude of Finnish society encouraged childbearing. The immigration regulations affected support during childbearing negatively and tended to caused loneliness. The Finnish maternity care was not fully adapted to the mothers’ wishes to understand the organization of Finnish maternity care, to communicate, to breastfeed, and to have family-centered care, a flexible length of stay in the hospital, and extended support after childbirth.CONCLUSION: Caring improves the childbearing experience and the well-being and health of new immigrant mothers; therefore, caring needs to be emphasized in maternity care, health care administration, and nursing education.