bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade policy responses to food price crisis and implications for existing domestic support measures: the case of China in 2008
Authors: YU WUSHENG , JENSEN HANS G 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMany national governments around the world applied export restrictions in order to achieve domestic market stabilization during the 2007/8 world food price crisis. However, current literature says little about how these export restrictions interact with existing domestic support measures in jointly determining domestic market outcomes. This paper analyzes this interaction by providing a quantitative assessment on how increased spending on agricultural domestic support in China offset the negative effects on grain production caused by the country's export restrictions and how these two types of measures jointly moderated rises of domestic grain prices. In particular, domestic and trade measures on key agricultural inputs such as fertilizers are shown to contribute significantly to expand grain outputs and reduce domestic market prices. While the short-term goal in stabilizing domestic grain prices was achieved through these measures, large fiscal and efficiency costs were incurred, especially considering how the short-term export restrictions seemingly necessitated the extra spending on input-based domestic subsidies. We also demonstrate that the costs to China and the rest of the world of these complicated policy interventions may be partially avoidable with a simpler and less distorting instrument.
Legal fictions and legal change
Authors: Del Mar Maksymilian 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper offers a definition of legal fictions and an evaluation of the role of legal fictions in legal practice, especially insofar as they enable legal change. The first part of the paper defines legal fictions as any suspension of one or more of the required operative facts leading to the imposition of an associated normative consequence, whether this suspension is introduced because of (1) the absence of proof of some previously required fact; or (2) the presence of proof to the contrary. The second part argues that legal fictions have an unjustifiably bad reputation as enablers of legal change. This paper makes a plea for seeing legal fictions as forms of tentative cognition that enable courts to communicate with each other, exploring whether a certain change in the law (i.e. precisely a suspension of a required operative fact in the imposition of a certain normative consequence) ought to be introduced at a more explicit level. Under the guise of this relational reading of legal reasoning, legal fictions become an instrument of careful experimentation – a way of testing the extent to which the potential introduction of a rule will be beneficial. Seen in this light, legal fictions are by no means signs of the immaturity of the system; they are, instead, dynamic resources that allow courts, over time, to balance flexibility and responsiveness with stability and predictability.
Life in acute mental health settings: experiences and perceptions of service users and nurses
Authors: Rose D. , Evans J. , Laker C. , Wykes T. 
Published: December 2013

Background.Acute psychiatric provision in the UK today as well as globally has many critics including service users and nurses.Method.Four focus groups, each meeting twice, were held separately for service users and nurses. The analysis was not purely inductive but driven by concerns with the social position of marginalised groups – both patients and staff.Results.The main themes were nurse/patient interaction and coercion. Service users and nurses conceptualised these differently. Service users found nurses inaccessible and uncaring, whereas nurses also felt powerless because their working life was dominated by administration. Nurses saw coercive situations as a reasonable response to factors ‘internal’ to the patient whereas for service users they were driven to extreme behaviour by the environment of the ward and coercive interventions were unnecessary and heavy handed.Conclusion.This study sheds new light on living and working in acute mental health settings today by comparing the perceptions of service users and nurses and deploying service user and nurse researchers. The intention is to promote better practice by providing a window on the perceptions of both groups.
Nationwide Survey on HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Attitudes and Risk Behavior in University Students of Portugal
Authors: Reis Marta , Ramiro Lúcia , Gaspar de Matos Margarida , Diniz José Alves 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHIV and sexually transmitted infections is a major threat for humanity in the world, especially in developing countries. The goals of this study were to: (a) analyze differences between genders in knowledge, attitudes, and risk behaviors about HIV/AIDS; and (b) evaluate the association between inconsistent condom use and knowledge, attitudes and risk behaviors about HIV/AIDS in Portuguese university students. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from the Portuguese sample of the Sexual and Reproductive Health in University Students study (SRHUS), which is an extension of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study for university students. This cross-sectional study provides national representative data of 3278 Portuguese university students. Results show that the majority is sexually active; the usual contraceptive methods more reported are the oral contraceptive and the male condom. However the prevalence of consistent condom use in last 12 months is 34.5% (men) and 31.7% (women). Men more often than women report engaging in sexual risk behaviors (occasional partners, sex associated to alcohol and drugs, STIs). In general, university students have good knowledge about how to protect themselves from HIV and have positive attitudes towards people with HIV/AIDS. This survey could be a useful guide in the development of campaigns or programs designed to convey accurate information about HIV transmission routes and prevention strategies and to dispel erroneous beliefs about HIV.
An Integrative Study of Autobiographical Memory for Positive and Negative Experiences
Authors: García-Bajos Elvira , Migueles Malen 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this study we examined autobiographical memory for emotional experiences from an integrative perspective, analyzing nature, distribution, content and phenomenological assessment of the experiences. Undergraduate students produced positive or negative life experiences, dated them and indicated their emotional level. Afterwards, they chose an experience to narrate, and rated their memory for the experience. The positive and negative experiences were grouped into 14 categories, although most of them fell into four areas: studies, family, friends and couple. The number of positive and negative experiences progressively increased from very few childhood memories to a larger percentage of more recent events. The distribution was equivalent, except during adolescence, in which a greater number of negative than positive experiences were recorded. The negative narratives included more emotional details, references to cognitive processes, mental rehearsal and justifications than the positive narratives. But the positive experiences obtained higher ratings in vividness and sensorial details than the negative experiences.
The Portuguese Version of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ): Results from a Validation Program in Clinical and non Clinical Samples
Authors: Campos Rui C. , Besser Avi , Blatt Sidney J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ, Blatt, D’Afflitti, & Quinlan, 1976, 1979), a self-report measure used in personality research, assesses the constructs of Dependency and Self-Criticism as vulnerability factors in depression (Blatt, 1974, 1990, 2004) and psychopathology more generally (Blatt, 2008; Blatt & Shichman, 1983). This study establishes a Portuguese version of the DEQ with six samples: a bilingual sample to test the measurement equivalence of the Portuguese DEQ, and two college student samples, two community samples and a clinical sample, to test the reliability, factor structure and criterion, convergent and predictive validity of this translation of the DEQ. A measure of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CES-D; Radloff, 1977) and of general psychopathology (Brief Symptom Inventory; BSI; Derogatis, 1993) evaluated the convergent validity of the DEQ. Findings indicate satisfactory reliability and validity of the Portuguese DEQ, and the value of the DEQ for investigating the relationship between personality and depression and between personality and psychopathology more generally. It is important to note, however, that these conclusions are based on a limited clinical sample. Additional reliability and validity data are needed with a larger clinical sample.
Effect of epithelium ATP release on cyclic pressure-induced airway mucus secretion
Authors: Tong Jin , Zhou Xiang-dong , Perelman Juliy M. , Kolosov Victor P. 
Published: December 2013

The cyclic mechanical effect of airflow during breathing creates the optimal airway hydration state. MUC (mucin) 5AC is an important component of the airway mucus. The formation of MUC5AC is related to ATP and intracellular calcium in the epithelial cells. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ATP release from intracellular calcium in epithelial cells on cyclic pressure-induced mucus secretion in the airway. 16HBE (human bronchial epithelial cells) were cultured in vitro on cyclically tilted cultured plates and divided into five groups: control, tilt, tilt and BAPTA–AM (1,2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid–acetoxymethyl ester), tilt and EGTA and tilt and RB-2 (reactive blue-2). The shear stress and compressive stress were induced by the surface tension of the liquid, atmospheric pressure and liquid gravity. Cell activity, MUC5AC mRNA expression level, MUC5AC protein expression level and ATP release and intracellular calcium changes were measured with the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay, RT–PCR (reverse transcription–PCR), HPLC and inverted fluorescence microscope, respectively. We detected that cyclic pressure significantly increased MUC5AC secretion and ATP release. The enhanced ATP release could be inhibited by both BAPTA–AM and RB-2, while EGTA did not have a suppressive effect. BAPTA–AM, EGTA and RB-2 did not obviously inhibit MUC5AC mRNA expression. Cyclic pressure did not induce MUC5AC secretion in the airway mucus epithelium via Ca2+-dependent ATP release, and nearly all Ca2+ was provided by stored intracellular Ca2+.
Critically Constituting Organization
Authors: Chan Andrew 
Published: December 2013

In the past, contingency and neo-Marxist theorists of culture reduced culture to an effect of something other than itself and, as they made culture metaphorical, they constituted its object of inquiry — a somewhat impossible pretension. This book extends the debate considerably. It does so through considering the work of Foucault in the context of the analysis of culture. While Foucault has had a considerable impact on organization studies, up to the present no text has systematically addressed what happens to organization culture when it encounter a Foucauldian gaze. Read this book and you will find out.
Stewart Clegg, UTS, Sydney
Mystique et Philosophie
Authors: Pektaş Virginie 
Published: December 2013

Par le biais d’une méthode philologique, historique, et philosophique, ce livre établit l’absence de lien direct entre Maître Eckhart et Jacob Böhme. En réalité, le concept de la “philosophie mystique allemande”, commençant soit disant avec Eckhart et finissant avec Böhme, a son origine dans la philosophie romantique du 19ème siècle et est toujours en usage aujourd’hui. L'étude se concentre sur la théorie eckhartienne du “grunt” et de l’“abgrunt” et sur sa relation possible avec la théorie böhmienne de l’“Ungrund”. elle montre que les différences entre les deux théories sont essentielles et qu’elles aboutissent à une opposition philosophique profonde entre l’intellectualisme de Maître Eckhart et le volontarisme de Böhme. Ainsi, il faudrait réviser aussi bien la relation de Böhme à Maitre Eckhart que la place de ce dernier au sein de l’histoire de la philosophie.
Through methods of philology, history, and philosophy, this book establishes that there is no direct connection between Master Eckhart and Jacob Böhme. The concept of the “German mystic philosophy”, starting supposedly with Eckhart and ending with Böhme, actually has its origin in the Romantic philosophy of the 19th century and and is still usual today. This study focuses on the eckhartian theory of the “grunt” and “abgrunt” and its possible relation to the böhmist theory of the “Ungrund”. It shows that the differences between both theories are significant and that they culminate in a deep philosophical opposition between the intellectualism of Master Eckhart and the voluntarism of Böhme. Thus, both Böhme’s relationship to Master Eckhart and the position of the latter in the history of philosophy should be revised.
On Translator Ethics
Authors: Pym Anthony 
Published: December 2013

This is about people, not texts – a translator ethics seeks to embrace the intercultural identity of the translatory subject, in its full array of possible actions.

Based on seminars originally given at the Collège International de Philosophie in Paris, this translation from French has been fully revised by the author and extended to include critical commentaries on activist translation theory, non-professional translation, interventionist practices, and the impact of new translation technologies. The result takes the traditional discussion of ethics into the way mediators can actively create cooperation between cultures, while at the same time addressing very practical questions such as when one should translate or not translate, how much translators should charge, or whose side they should be on.
On Translator Ethics offers a point of reference for the key debates in contemporary Translation Studies.
Cognitive Exploration of Language and Linguistics
Authors: De Caluwé Johan , Geeraerts Dirk , Goddard Cliff , Grondelaers Stef , Pörings Ralf , Radden Günter , Serniclaes Willy , Soffritti Marcello , Spooren Wilbert , Taylor John R. , Vazquez Ignacio , Wierzbicka Anna , Winters Margaret E. 
Published: December 2013

Cognitive Exploration of Language and Linguistics is designed as a comprehensive introductory text for first and second-year university students of language and linguistics. It provides a chapter on each of the more established areas in linguistics such as lexicology, morphology, syntax, phonetics and phonology, historical linguistics, and language typology and on some of the newer areas such as cross-cultural semantics, pragmatics, text linguistics and contrastive linguistics.
In each of these areas language is explored as part of a cognitive system comprising perception, emotion, categorisation, abstraction processes, and reasoning. All these cognitive abilities may interact with language and be influenced by language. Thus the study of language in a sense becomes the study of the way we express and exchange ideas and thoughts.

This Second Revised Edition is corrected, updated and expanded.

Cognitive Exploration of Language and Linguistics is clearly presented and organized after having been tested in several courses in various countries.
Includes exercises (solutions to be found on the Internet).
Dialogue – The Mixed Game
Authors: Weigand Edda 
Published: December 2013

The ‘Mixed Game Model’ represents a holistic theory of dialogue which starts from human beings’ competence-in-performance and describes how language is integrated in a general theory of human action and behaviour. Human beings are able to adapt to changing conditions and to pursue their interests by the integrated use of various communicative means, mainly verbal, perceptual and cognitive. The core unit is the dialogic action game or ‘the mixed game’ with human beings at the centre acting and reacting in cultural surroundings. The key to opening up the complex whole is human beings’ nature. The Mixed Game Model demonstrates how the different disciplines of the natural and social sciences and the humanities are mutually interconnected. After a detailed overview of the state of the art, the fundamentals of the theory are laid down. They include a typology of action games which ranges from minimal games to complex institutional games. The description is illustrated by analyses of authentic games.
As of July 2024, this e-book is available as Open Access under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
Storytelling and Drama
Authors: Bowles Hugo 
Published: December 2013

How do characters tell stories in plays and for what dramatic purpose? This volume provides the first systematic analysis of narrative episodes in drama from an interactional perspective, applying sociolinguistic theories of narrative and insights from conversation analysis to literary dialogue. The aim of the book is to show how narration can become drama and how analysis of the way a character tells a story can be the key to understanding its role in the unfolding action. The book’s interactional approach, which analyses the way in which the characteristic features of everyday conversational stories are used by dramatists to create literary effects, offers an additional tool for dramatic criticism. The book should be of interest to scholars and students of narrative research, conversation and discourse analysis, stylistics, dramatic discourse and theatre studies.
Winner of 2012 Esse Book Award for Language and Linguistics
Memory, Psychology and Second Language Learning
Authors: Randall Mick 
Published: December 2013

This book explores the contributions that cognitive linguistics and psychology, including neuropsychology, have made to the understanding of the way that second languages are processed and learnt. It examines areas of phonology, word recognition and semantics, examining ‘bottom-up’ decoding processes as compared with ‘top-down’ processes as they affect memory. It also discusses second language learning from the acquisition/learning and nativist/connectionist perspectives. These ideas are then related to the methods that are used to teach second languages, primarily English, in formal classroom situations. This examination involves both ‘mainstream’ communicative approaches, and more traditional methods widely used to teach EFL throughout the world. The book is intended to act both as a textbook for students who are studying second language teaching and as an exploration of issues for the interested teacher who would like to further extend their understanding of the cognitive processes underlying their teaching.
Mick Randall is currently Senior Lecturer in TESOL and Head of the Institute of Education at the British University in Dubai. He has taught courses in second language learning and teaching, applied linguistics and psychology in a number of different contexts. He has a special interest in the cognitive processing of language and in the psycholinguistics of word recognition, spelling and reading.
Automatic Summarization
Authors: Mani Inderjeet 
Published: December 2013

With the explosion in the quantity of on-line text and multimedia information in recent years, there has been a renewed interest in automatic summarization. This book provides a systematic introduction to the field, explaining basic definitions, the strategies used by human summarizers, and automatic methods that leverage linguistic and statistical knowledge to produce extracts and abstracts. Drawing from a wealth of research in artificial intelligence, natural language processing, and information retrieval, the book also includes detailed assessments of evaluation methods and new topics such as multi-document and multimedia summarization. Previous automatic summarization books have been either collections of specialized papers, or else authored books with only a chapter or two devoted to the field as a whole. This is the first textbook on the subject, developed based on teaching materials used in two one-semester courses. To further help the student reader, the book includes detailed case studies, accompanied by end-of-chapter reviews and an extensive glossary.
Audience: students and researchers, as well as information technology managers, librarians, and anyone else interested in the subject.
The Dynamic Consultation
Authors: Cordella Marisa 
Published: December 2013

This book introduces a unique model of medical discourse that identifies the forms of talk – voices – that doctors and patients use during the consultation, and studies the dynamic interaction as it unfolds particularly in follow-up visits. Natural recordings, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and ethnographic observations provide the data for the research, which was carried out in an Outpatient Clinic in Santiago, Chile. Using an interactional sociolinguistic approach, analysis of the data identifies doctor–patient communication as a micro-performance of broader socio-cultural realities, in which social status, power, knowledge and personal beliefs and values all find expression in the consultative setting. Importantly, while both doctor and patient voices are shown to contribute to an essentially asymmetrical exchange, the study also identifies the holistic and empathic Fellow Human voice, which places doctors and patients on a more equal footing. In connection with this voice, the Spanish concept of simpatía is also discussed.
While the model in this study was developed within a specific socio-cultural framework, it is hoped that it will be adapted and modified more widely and contribute to a better understanding between doctors and their patients.
Written Communication across Cultures
Authors: Zhu Yunxia 
Published: December 2013

Winner of ABC's award for Distinguished Publication for 2006
This book explores effective written communication across cultures both theoretically and practically. Specifically it conceptualizes cross-cultural genre study and compares English and Chinese business writing collected from Australia, New Zealand and China. It is also one of those inspired by contrastive rhetoric but has contributed innovatively and uniquely by incorporating research findings from genre analysis, in particular, the sociocognitive genre perspective into this cross-cultural study.

On the one hand, the endeavor represents an in-depth theoretical exploration by considering not only discourse community and cognitive structuring, but also the deep semantics of genre and intertextuality, while broadening genre study by integrating insights from cross-cultural communication as well as the Chinese perspectives. On the other hand, the book also addresses pragmatic issues. As a particular feature, it solicits professional members’ intercultural viewpoints; thus confirming the shared social "stock of knowledge" employed in the culturally defined writing conventions.
Last but not least, this book explores the implications for genre education and training, and develops an appropriate model for cross-cultural genre learning, which encourages learning through legitimate peripheral participation and intercultural learning in business organizations.