bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing 30-day Acute Care Readmissions for Heart Failure Patients Through Implementation of a Discharge Bundle
Authors: Lindsey Jason , Welch Teresa 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
Hospital readmissions have been a long-standing problem in the American health care system. Despite many efforts, programs, papers, and interventions identified and studied, 14% of all adult admissions result in a readmission. Readmissions are mostly considered preventable and are considered an indicator of care quality for a hospital. Due to unexpected readmissions, patients are at an increased risk for illness or injury, increased stress, financial strain, and diminished quality of life. Readmissions also negatively impact hospital systems related to decreased bed availability, stretched resources, and potential financial penalties and payment reductions. Patients with an admission related to heart failure are at an increased risk of readmission, with a national readmission rate of 23%.

Primary Practice Setting:
The quality improvement project was implemented on two telemetry units at an acute care hospital.

Methodology and Sample:
A gap analysis identified procedural and organizational reasons for readmission in the heart failure population at an acute care hospital. Using evidence-based best practice guidelines established by the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and the Heart Failure Society of America, a four-pronged proactive discharge bundle was implemented using the plan-do-study-act framework for continuous improvement. All patients admitted to the telemetry units with a primary or secondary diagnosis of heart failure received the discharge planning bundle: (1) an early assessment by the case management department, (2) patient-centered specialty heart failure education, (3) predischarge medication delivery, and (4) predischarge physician follow-up appointment scheduling within 7 days of discharge. A total of 133 patients were evaluated for inclusion in the heart failure cohort. Of those, 52 patients received the evidence-based intervention.

Results:
The evidence-based project was implemented over 7 weeks, September through October of 2023 on the medical telemetry units. Of the 52 patients receiving the evidence-based sample, two of the patients experienced a readmission due to heart failure (3.85%). Incidentally, it was found that patients without a readmission had an average of 2.3 completed interventions, while those with readmissions had an average of 1.5 interventions.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
Case managers are an integral part of the care transition from the acute care setting back to the community. Often, it is the case manager leading this effort through various interventions. Findings from this quality improvement project suggest the use of the evidence-based, four-pronged approach to discharge planning for the heart failure patient population reduced the risk and rate of heart failure-related readmissions for the involved nursing units. These findings also surmise that there is a correlation between the number of interventions and the rate of readmission.
Associations Between Oversedation and Agitation in Postanesthesia Recovery Room and Subsequent Severe Behavioral Emergencies
Authors: Labib Mary , Deljou Atousa , Morgan Robert J. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Sprung Juraj , Weingarten Toby N. 
Published: August 2024

Objectives
Hospital-based behavioral emergency response teams (BERT) respond to acute behavioral disturbances among hospitalized patients. We aimed to examine associations between altered mental status in postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and behavioral disturbances on surgical wards requiring BERT activation.

Methods
Electronic medical records of patients who underwent general anesthesia and were admitted to the PACU between May 2018–December 2020 were reviewed for episodes of BERT activations on surgical wards. Characteristics of BERT patients were compared with the rest of surgical population during the same period to examine risk factors for BERT.

Results
Of 56,275 adult surgical patients, 133 patients had 178 BERT activations (incidence 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0–2.8 per 1000 admissions), with 21 being for physical assault. The risk for BERT activation was increased with each decade over age of 50 as well as younger age (30 versus 50 y), male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.48, 95% CI 1.69, 3.62), longer procedures (OR = 1.08 per 30 minutes, 95% CI 1.05, 1.11), and alterations in mental status in PACU, with both moderate/deep sedation (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.04, 2.57) and agitation/combative state (OR = 8.47, 95% CI 5.13, 14.01), P < 0.001 for all comparisons.

Conclusions
Early postoperative agitation and oversedation are associated with BERT activation on surgical wards. Altered mental status in PACU should be conveyed to accepting hospital units so healthcare staff can be vigilant for the potential development of behavioral disturbances.
Impact of Emerging Deep Learning–Based MR Image Reconstruction Algorithms on Abdominal MRI Radiomic Features
Authors: Li Hailong , Alves Vinicius Vieira , Pednekar Amol , Manhard Mary Kate , Greer Joshua , Trout Andrew T. , He Lili , Dillman Jonathan R. 
Published: August 2024

Objective
This study aims to evaluate, on one MRI vendor's platform, the impact of deep learning (DL)–based reconstruction techniques on MRI radiomic features compared to conventional image reconstruction techniques.

Methods
Under IRB approval and informed consent, we prospectively collected undersampled coronal T2-weighted MR images of the abdomen (1.5 T; Philips Healthcare) from 17 pediatric and adult subjects and reconstructed them using a conventional image reconstruction technique (compressed sensitivity encoding [C-SENSE]) and two DL-based reconstruction techniques (SmartSpeed [Philips Healthcare, US FDA cleared] and SmartSpeed with Super Resolution [SmartSpeed-SuperRes, not US FDA cleared to date]). Eight regions of interest (ROIs) across organs/tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas, fat, and muscle) were manually placed. Eighty-six MRI radiomic features were then extracted. Pearson's correlation coefficients (PCCs) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated between (A) C-SENSE versus SmartSpeed, and (B) C-SENSE versus SmartSpeed-SuperRes. To quantify the impact from the perspective of the whole MR image, cross-ROI mean PCCs and ICCs were calculated for individual radiomic features. The impact of image reconstruction on individual radiomic features in different organs/tissues was evaluated using ANOVA analyses.

Results
According to cross-ROI mean PCCs, 50 out of 86 radiomic features were highly correlated (PCC, ≥0.8) between SmartSpeed and C-SENSE, whereas only 15 radiomic features were highly correlated between SmartSpeed-SuperRes and C-SENSE reconstructions. According to cross-ROI mean ICCs, 58 out of 86 radiomic features had high agreements (ICC ≥0.75) between SmartSpeed and C-SENSE, whereas only 9 radiomic features had high agreements between SmartSpeed-SuperRes and C-SENSE reconstructions. For SmartSpeed reconstruction, the psoas muscle ROI appeared to be impacted most with the lowest median (IQR) correlation of 0.57 (0.25). The circular liver ROI was impacted most by SmartSpeed-SuperRes (PCC, 0.60 [0.22]). ANOVA analyses suggest that the impact of DL reconstruction algorithms on radiomic features varies significantly among different organs/tissues (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
MRI radiomic features are significantly altered by DL-based reconstruction compared to a conventional reconstruction technique. The impact of DL reconstruction algorithms on radiomic features varies significantly between different organs/tissues.
Outcomes Related to New Persistent Opioid Use After Surgery or Trauma
Authors: Gong Jiayi , Jones Peter , Beyene Kebede , Frampton Chris , Chan Amy Hai Yan 
Published: August 2024

Objectives:
To evaluate the impact of persistent opioid use (POU) following surgery or trauma on health outcomes using linked data.

Background:
Surgery and trauma can lead to POU, characterized by continuous opioid consumption following hospital discharge. Outside the United States, there is a lack of population-based studies on POU outcomes in opioid-naive patients following these events.

Methods:
We included opioid-naïve patients who have dispensed opioids after being discharged following admission for surgery or trauma to any New Zealand (NZ) hospital from 2007 to 2019. Differences in outcomes between individuals with and without POU were assessed between 180 and 360 days after discharge. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, the secondary outcomes were all-cause and opioid-related hospitalization, and Days Alive and Out of Hospital (DAOH). Cox and quantile multivariable regression models were used to examine the association between POU and outcomes.

Results:
Overall, 298,928 surgical and 206,663 trauma patients were included in the final analyses, and 17,779 (5.9%) surgical and 17,867 (8.6%) trauma patients developed POU. POU was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (surgical, aHR=6.59; 95% CI: 5.82–7.46; trauma, aHR=2.77; 95% CI: 2.47–3.11), all-cause hospitalization (surgical, aHR=2.02; 95% CI: 1.95–2.08; trauma, aHR=1.57; 95% CI: 1.52–1.62), opioid-related hospitalization (surgical, aHR=2.49; 95% CI: 2.24–2.76; trauma, aHR=1.89; 95% CI: 1.73–2.05) and reduced DAOH.

Conclusions:
Among opioid-naive patients who received opioids after surgery or trauma, POU was associated with worse outcomes, including increased mortality. Further investigation is warranted to understand the reasons for continued opioid use beyond 90 days and mechanisms associated with harm.
Identification and functional categorization of the most stably and most variably expressed genes and retained introns inArabidopsis thalianaseedlings
Authors: Lin Wen-dar , Kanno Tatsuo , Matzke Antonius J.M , Matzke Marjori 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe used a large, uniform, RNA-seq dataset to investigate the stability of gene expression and intron retention inArabidopsis thalianaseedlings. Functional classification of the most stably and most variably expressed genes was determined by GO enrichment analyses. Many variably expressed genes encoded proteins involved in photosynthesis and chloroplast structure, likely reflecting their sensitivity to changeable light intensities, and in stress responses, which allow plants to cope with environmental challenges. As revealed by GO enrichment analysis, the most stably expressed genes were involved in protein, lipid and vesicle trafficking, suggesting that fluctuations in expression of these genes are suboptimal for normal seedling development. GO analyses of genes containing either usually retained or usually spliced introns revealed no consistent enrichments for any specific functional categories. However, highly retained introns were often located in the first or last position, which may contain 5’ and 3’ UTRs necessary for transcriptional regulation and mRNA transport and stability. Conversely, usually spliced introns were more frequently located in internal portions of pre-mRNAs, indicating that reliable splicing in coding regions is needed to prevent the formation of premature stop codons. The large RNA-seq dataset we generated can be useful for investigating additional aspects of gene expression and pre-mRNA splicing in Arabidopsis seedlings and sets a precedent for future large scale transcriptome analyses.
Sodium channel inhibitors alter the progress of tangle development in a mouse model of dementia
Authors: Hall Chloe M. , Roberts Martha , Desai Roshni A. , Cummings Damian M. , Bilsland Jamie , Whiting Paul , Smith Kenneth J. , Edwards Frances A 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTSodium channel inhibitors have been reported to protect against a range of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Here the effect of chronic administration of two Na+channel inhibitors with different mechanisms of action, phenytoin and GS967 are tested in mouse models of different stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Subtle changes in the distribution of plaque sizes were observed inAppNLGF/NLGFmouse at 3 months of age, after being fed control or drug-supplemented chow from weaning onwards, with phenytoin treatment resulting in a significant increase in the frequency of the smallest plaques and a decrease in large plaques. The later pathology of neurofibrillary tangles was studied, in old age, by supplementing the food of transgenic mice with a P301L mutation in Tau. Chronic administration of Na+inhibitors from 15 months of age resulted in a decrease in the density of MC1-positive neurofibrillary tangles, possibly due to effects on microglial Na+channels. The density of microglial cells was strongly correlated with the density of neurofibrillary tangles but only in mice treated with the Na+inhibitors.
Beneath the scuttle: Patterns of bacterial abundance, diversity and distribution in an insect dark taxon
Authors: Nowak Karol H. , Hartop Emily , Prus-Frankowska Monika , Buczek Mateusz , Kolasa Michał , Roslin Tomas , Ovaskainen Otso T. , Łukasik Piotr 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSymbiotic microorganisms can have diverse multi-level effects on wild insects: they can dramatically influence host life history traits, affect population structure and dynamics, shape host evolutionary trajectories, and influence multi-species communities. Despite their importance, our u nderstanding of microbiota in natural insect communities remains limited, especially for ‘dark taxa’ - the hyperdiverse, abundant, broadly distributed, yet sev0erely understudied clades that dominate our planet. Here, we resolve patterns in the abundance, diversity, and distribution of microbiota in natural communities of one such dark taxon, the scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Combining high-throughput amplicon sequencing of host and bacterial marker genes, including bacterial quantification, with joint species distribution modelling, we characterise the microbiome of 1,842 scuttle flies representing ca. 186 species from six sites in Northern Sweden. In particular, we ask how the microbiome is structured by the host species, genotype, and sex of the host individual, as well as by site and season.We found fly individuals to vary in bacterial abundance by up to five orders of magnitude, with major variation in bacterial community composition. Strains of facultative endosymbiontsWolbachiaandRickettsiashowed high host specificity: both fly COI genotypes andWolbachia16S rRNA and COI genotypes differed considerably in their distribution across genotypes of partners. Joint species distribution modelling revealed that symbiont distribution and abundance were largely explained by host species and genotypes as well as sex. In contrast, 16S rRNA genotypes of most other abundant bacterial genera in the dataset, includingSerratia,Providencia,CarnobacteriumandPseudomonas, were broadly distributed across host species and populations. Models indicated that much of the variation occurred at the level of individuals. Also, facultative endosymbiont infections had no consistent effect on the presence and abundance of other microbes.This broad survey of microbiota in a non-model insect clade highlights the importance of facultative endosymbionts in shaping microbial community profiles and reveals striking variation among microbial clades in their distributional patterns. It also showcases the potential of integrative sequencing-based approaches in revealing the complexity and ecological significance of symbiotic microorganisms in diverse multi-species natural communities.
Alterations in large-scale resting-state network nodes following transcranial focused ultrasound of deep brain structures
Authors: Gorka Stephanie M. , Jimmy Jagan , Koning Katherine , Phan K. Luan , Rotstein Natalie , Hoang-Dang Bianca , Halavi Sabrina , Spivak Norman , Monti Martin M , Reggente Nicco , Bookheimer Susan Y. , Kuhn Taylor 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundLow-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a brain stimulation approach that holds immense promise for the treatment of brain-based disorders. Several studies in humans have shown that tFUS can successfully modulate perfusion in focal sonication targets including the amygdala; however, limited research has explored how tFUS impacts the function of large-scale neural networks.ObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to address this gap and examine changes in resting-state connectivity between large-scale network nodes using a randomized, double-blind, within-subject crossover study design.MethodsHealthy adults (n=18) completed two tFUS sessions, 14 days apart. Each session included tFUS of either the right amygdala or the left entorhinal cortex (ErC). The inclusion of two active targets allowed for within-subjects comparisons as a function of the locus of sonication. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was collected before and after each tFUS session.ResultstFUS altered resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) within and between rs-network nodes. Specifically, pre-to-post sonication of the right amygdala modulated connectivity within nodes of the salience network (SAN) and between nodes of the SAN and the default-mode network (DMN) and fronto-parietal network (FRP). A decrease in SAN to FPN connectivity was specific to the amygdala target. Pre-to-post sonication of the left ErC was found to modulate connectivity between the dorsal attention network (DAN) and FPN and DMN. An increase in DAN to DMN connectivity was specific to the ErC target.ConclusionThese preliminary findings may suggest that tFUS induces neuroplastic changes beyond the immediate sonication target.
On-Demand Seizures Facilitate Rapid Screening of Therapeutics for Epilepsy
Authors: Chen Yuzhang , Litt Brian , Vitale Flavia , Takano Hajime 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAnimal models of epilepsy are critical in drug development and therapeutic testing, but dominant methods for pharmaceutical evaluation face a tradeoff between higher throughput and etiological relevance. For example, in temporal lobe epilepsy, a type of epilepsy where seizures originate from limbic structures like the hippocampus, the main screening models are either based on acutely induced seizures in wild type, naïve animals or spontaneous seizures in chronically epileptic animals. Both types have their disadvantages – the acute convulsant or kindling induced seizures do not account for the myriad neuropathological changes in the diseased, epileptic brains, and spontaneous behavioral seizures are sparse in the chronically epileptic models, making it time-intensive to sufficiently power experiments. In this study, we took a mechanistic approach to precipitate seizures “on demand” in chronically epileptic mice. We briefly synchronized principal cells in the CA1 region of the diseased hippocampus to reliably induce stereotyped on-demand behavioral seizures. These induced seizures resembled naturally occurring spontaneous seizures in the epileptic animals and could be stopped by commonly prescribed anti-seizure medications such as levetiracetam and diazepam. Furthermore, we showed that seizures induced in chronically epileptic animals differed from those in naïve animals, highlighting the importance of evaluating therapeutics in the diseased circuit. Taken together, we envision our model to advance the speed at which both pharmacological and closed loop interventions for temporal lobe epilepsy are evaluated.
Evaluating computational approaches for comparison of protein expression across cancer indications
Authors: Wang Jixin , Tian Xiaowen , Yu Wen , Pullman Ben , Bullen John , Hurt Elaine , Zhong Wenyan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe National Cancer Institute’s Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) recently generated harmonized genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and clinical data for over 1,000 tumors across 10 cohorts to facilitate pan-cancer discovery research. However, protein expression comparison across CPTAC cohorts remains challenging due to non-uniform missing data and varying protein expression distribution patterns across tumor types. Here, we present our efforts to evaluate various missing data handling and normalization strategies to create a normalized pan-cancer protein expression dataset.ResultsFirst, we developed a novel algorithm to select robustly expressed proteins in tumors within any CPTAC cohort. Second, we applied a cohort hybrid imputation approach to protein abundance values from FragPipe within each cohort based on protein expression distribution patterns. Third, we calculated intensity-based absolute quantification using protein abundance values and applied both global and smooth quantile normalization methods. Our results indicate that global quantile normalization ensured identical distribution across cohorts for both tumor and normal tissues, while smooth quantile normalization preserved distribution differences between biological conditions. We assessed our method by comparing differential protein expression analysis results with and without normalization. Additionally, we examined the ranks of protein expression in the normalized CPTAC dataset for selected proteins with high protein-to-RNA expression correlation across CPTAC cohorts. We then compared these protein expression ranks with their RNA expression ranks across corresponding cohorts in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differential protein expression analysis revealed a high level of agreement in the fold change of tumor versus normal tissue within cohorts before and after normalization. Furthermore, our results indicate that global quantile normalization resulted in the highest cohort rank correlation between CPTAC and TCGA for selected proteins.ConclusionsIn summary, our thorough analysis demonstrates that global quantile normalization surpasses both smooth quantile normalization and no normalization, as evidenced by its higher rank correlation across cancer cohorts between CPTAC and TCGA for selected proteins. The findings suggest that combining cohort hybrid imputation with global quantile normalization is an effective method for creating a normalized CPTAC pan-cancer protein dataset, which can facilitate the study of protein expression across different cancer types.
En routeactivity of Chilean Elaenia, a long-distance migratory bird in South America
Authors: Cueto Victor R. , Gorosito Cristian A. , Brown Geoffrey , Jahn Alex E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe logistics of measuring activities that occur at fine temporal scales, such as short stopovers that last a few hours, has proven very challenging when studying small migratory birds. Here, we deployed multi-loggers equipped with an accelerometer and thermometer on Chilean Elaenia (Elaenia chilensis) to evaluate their activity patterns while they undertook their annual migration from their Patagonian breeding grounds to non-breeding zones in Brazil. Results show that elaenias can fly at altitudes of >1500 masl and migrate nocturnally, providing the first evidence of this behavior in a Neotropical austral migrant. Although most migration flights lasted less than 8 h, one individual flew non-stop for more than 28 h. Overall activity patterns (e.g., flight and stopover duration) were not substantially different between pre- and post-breeding migration. This technology offers a window into the migratory behavior of small birds that migrate within the Neotropics at a finer temporal scale than previously possible.