bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in the composition and oxidative stability of commercial rapeseed oils during their shelf life
Authors: Roszkowska Beata , Tańska Małgorzata , Czaplicki Sylwester , Konopka Iwona 
Published: December 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the variation in chemical composition and oxidative stability of 21 different commercial rapeseed oils. Their composition was estimated immediately after opening the packaging and for the same oils at the end of their induction period. The oxidation of oils was conducted at 110°C in an oven test, while the induction time was determined in a Rancimat test at the same temperature. It was found that the initial ratio of n‐6 to n‐3 fatty acids was close to 2.2 to 1. These oils differed mainly in minor acids, such as C16:0 and C20:1. At the end of their shelf life, a reduction of C18:2 and C18:3 acids shares was found, which was accompanied by a slight increase of n‐6 to n‐3 ratio. The most variable oil‐soluble compounds of oils were carotenoids, chlorophylls, and phenolics, while the tocopherols were the most stable. Induction time was the most positively correlated with the oil‐soluble phenolics (r = 0.76 for all samples) and chlorophylls (r = 0.77 for refined oils), while carotenoids generally acted as pro‐oxidants (r = −0.66 for all oils). The degradation degree of tested compounds during oxidation (on average) was as follows: phytosterols > tocopherols > carotenoids > phenolic compounds > chlorophylls.Practical applications: Rapeseed oil is a popular edible oil and may be a good source of oil‐soluble vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants in human diet. However, its composition depends mainly on the rape genotypes, cultivation conditions, industrial practices, and storage conditions. In this study, we evaluated the variability in chemical composition of typical commercial rapeseed oils immediately after opening the package and at the end of their induction time. We have shown that fatty acids composition of tested oils was relatively stable, while their minor compounds content were significantly different. Oils oxidative stability was mainly related to phenolic compounds. These informations are important both for the consumers (nutrition facts), and industry (phenolics as antioxidants).Score plot of the two first principal components after PCA analysis of oil‐soluble minor components of fresh (1‐21) and oxidized (1’‐21’) rapeseed oils with an indication by ellipses samples of cold pressed oils before (green) and after oxidation (yellow); 1‐3 – cold pressed, unrefined oils, 4‐21 – refined mixture of pressed and extracted oils.
3D‐Branched Rigid–Flexible Hybrid Sulfonated Polyamide for Proton Exchange Membranes (PEMs) in Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Li Jing , Cai Weiwei , Zhang Yunfeng , Xu Guodong , Cheng Hansong 
Published: December 2014

Abstract3D‐branched proton exchange membranes (PEMs) were synthesized using molecular structural design of the rigid–flexible hybrid backbone. The 3D rigid–flexible hybrid PEM shows 20 % higher conductivity than the wholly rigid version with almost the same ion exchange capacity. Significant benefits for simultaneously improving water retention and dimensional stability were also demonstrated. The best measured conductivity of the three synthesized 3D rigid–flexible hybrid structural PEMs was 0.162 S cm−1, which is higher than that of the Nafion 117 membrane at 80 °C. An air‐breathing direct methanol fuel cell assembled with the 3D‐branched PEM displayed superior performance, exhibiting 12 % higher power density than the device assembled using a commercial Nafion membrane with 4 M methanol supplied.
Low cyclic fatigue and hysteretic behavior of U‐shaped steel dampers for seismically isolated buildings under dynamic cyclic loadings
Authors: Jiao Yu , Kishiki Shoichi , Yamada Satoshi , Ene Diana , Konishi Yoshinao , Hoashi Yuuma , Terashima Masao 
Published: December 2014

SummaryEnergy dissipation devices are necessary for base‐isolated buildings to control the deformation in the isolation system and to dissipate the earthquake‐induced energy. U‐shaped steel dampers (also known as U‐dampers) dissipate energy through plastic deformation of specially designed U‐shaped steel elements. This type of device can be installed at several locations in the isolation system. U‐dampers have been widely used in Japan for different types of isolated structures, such as hospitals, plants and residential buildings, since the 1995 Kobe Earthquake. Previous research has used static tests to estimate the performance of U‐dampers. However, the ultimate plastic deformation capacities and hysteretic behaviors of full‐scale U‐dampers under dynamic excitations still remain unclear. In addition, it is unclear whether the initial temperature has an effect on the hysteretic behavior and plastic deformation capacity of U‐dampers. In this paper, two series of dynamic loading tests of U‐dampers were conducted to evaluate the issues described earlier. The major findings of the study are (i) the loading speed has little effect on the plastic deformation capacity of U‐dampers; (ii) method to evaluate the ultimate plastic deformation capacities of U‐shaped steel dampers of different sizes is established using a Manson–Coffin relation‐based equation that is based on the peak‐to‐peak horizontal shear angle γt, which is defined as the lateral deformation amplitude (peak‐to‐peak amplitude) divided by the height of the dampers; (iii) the loading rate and the initial temperature have a minimal effect on the hysteretic behavior of the U‐dampers; and (iv) a bilinear model is proposed to simulate the force‐deformation relationships of the U‐dampers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term seismic monitoring of base‐isolated building with emphasis on serviceability assessment
Authors: Siringoringo Dionysius M. , Fujino Yozo 
Published: December 2014

SummarySeismic monitoring system provides opportunities to observe possible damage or failure and weakening of structural components and to evaluate serviceability performance of a structure during an earthquake. This can be achieved by comparing structure recordings before and after the event or by identifying significant change in characteristics of structural response that may serve as indicators of failure or damage in progress. Excessive vibration on some parts of structure may become a serviceability concern for some buildings, and this also can be detected from continuous monitoring. Several factors such as characteristics of ground motion, soil condition, and geometry of the structure could cause excessive localized structural vibration, and by evaluating the responses, one can take remedial action. For a base‐isolated building in particular, reduction of response of upper stories is critical to protect nonstructural elements or sensitive equipments on the building. In this paper, we describe a case study on seismic monitoring of a base‐isolated building with the main focus on evaluation of serviceability performance. The study emphasizes on a influence of building asymmetricity on the seismic response. Results of the study are based on a long‐term building seismic monitoring program for over 3 years between 2010 and 2012 under various amplitudes of earthquake including the March 11, 2011 Great East‐Japan Earthquake. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of oxomolybdate species dispersion on direct methanol oxidation to dimethoxymethane over MoOx/TiO2 catalysts
Authors: Faye Jérémy , Capron Mickaël , Takahashi Atsushi , Paul Sébastien , Katryniok Benjamin , Fujitani Tadahiro , Dumeignil Franck 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe one‐step selective oxidation of methanol to dimethoxymethane (DMM) was demonstrated over titania‐supported molybdenum oxide catalysts, containing different amounts of molybdenum and prepared using two different impregnation techniques, namely wet impregnation and incipient wetness impregnation. The corresponding catalysts exhibited both acidic and redox properties, which are necessary for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde with subsequent condensation of the latter with excess methanol to finally yield DMM. The formation of well‐dispersed polyoxomolybdate species on the catalyst surface was evidenced using IR‐Raman, X‐ray diffraction, and nitrogen physisorption. Varying the amount of these polyoxomolydate species was associated with a modulation of the acidic and redox properties, as shown by NH3‐TPD and H2‐TPR. With respect to the catalytic performances, the best balance between acid and redox properties was observed over the samples containing 8 wt.% Mo, which corresponds to a theoretical MoOx species coverage close to a monolayer.
Combined effects of carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen on lipid accumulation of Chlorella vulgaris in mixotrophic culture
Authors: Li Chao , Yu Yanling , Zhang Dawei , Liu Jia , Ren Nanqi , Feng Yujie 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicroalgae biodiesel has attracted considerable attention, however, low lipid content has significantly restricted its development. Many research studies have demonstrated that nutrient deficiency is an important factor stimulating lipid accumulation in algal cells. This present study investigated the combined effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon on algal lipid accumulation by Chlorella vulgaris in mixotrophic culture.RESULTSPhosphorus at 0.2 g L−1 concentration inhibited Chlorella vulgaris growth but did not influence lipid accumulation. High concentration of NaNO3 (3.75 g L−1) inhibited both algal growth and lipid accumulation. Nitrogen sufficiency can stimulate lipid accumulation. Glucose limitation restricted both biomass production and lipid accumulation, resulting in lipid content decrease even under nitrogen sufficiency. CO2 was unable to satisfy the carbon demand for lipid accumulation when glucose was exhausted in mixotrophic culture. The initial C:N ratio of culture medium played an important role in algal lipid accumulation. Lipid content was maintained at 7.6–11.3% when the initial C:N of culture was less than 50, while it increased significantly to 23.9% with initial C:N of culture increased to 92.7.CONCLUSIONSuperior lipid accumulation requires limiting nitrogen concentration in the medium solution. High initial C:N ratio greater than 86 was found to be beneficial for algal lipid accumulation. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Articular soft tissue anatomy of the archosaur hip joint: Structural homology and functional implications
Authors: Tsai Henry P. , Holliday Casey M. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTArchosaurs evolved a wide diversity of locomotor postures, body sizes, and hip joint morphologies. The two extant archosaurs clades (birds and crocodylians) possess highly divergent hip joint morphologies, and the homologies and functions of their articular soft tissues, such as ligaments, cartilage, and tendons, are poorly understood. Reconstructing joint anatomy and function of extinct vertebrates is critical to understanding their posture, locomotor behavior, ecology, and evolution. However, the lack of soft tissues in fossil taxa makes accurate inferences of joint function difficult. Here, we describe the soft tissue anatomies and their osteological correlates in the hip joint of archosaurs and their sauropsid outgroups, and infer structural homology across the extant taxa. A comparative sample of 35 species of birds, crocodylians, lepidosaurs, and turtles ranging from hatchling to skeletally mature adult were studied using dissection, imaging, and histology. Birds and crocodylians possess topologically and histologically consistent articular soft tissues in their hip joints. Epiphyseal cartilages, fibrocartilages, and ligaments leave consistent osteological correlates. The archosaur acetabulum possesses distinct labrum and antitrochanter structures on the supraacetabulum. The ligamentum capitis femoris consists of distinct pubic‐ and ischial attachments, and is homologous with the ventral capsular ligament of lepidosaurs. The proximal femur has a hyaline cartilage core attached to the metaphysis via a fibrocartilaginous sleeve. This study provides new insight into soft tissue structures and their osteological correlates (e.g., the antitrochanter, the fovea capitis, and the metaphyseal collar) in the archosaur hip joint. The topological arrangement of fibro‐ and hyaline cartilage may provide mechanical support for the chondroepiphysis. The osteological correlates identified here will inform systematic and functional analyses of archosaur hindlimb evolution and provide the anatomical foundation for biomechanical investigations of joint tissues. J. Morphol. 276:601–630, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes of microwave ablation for colorectal cancer liver metastases: A single center experience
Authors: Eng Oliver S. , Tsang Ashley T. , Moore Dirk , Chen Chunxia , Narayanan Sumana , Gannon Christopher J. , August David A. , Carpizo Darren R. , Melstrom Laleh G. 
Published: December 2014

Background and ObjectivesSurgical management of colorectal cancer liver metastases continues to evolve to optimize oncologic outcomes while maximizing parenchymal preservation. Long‐term data after intraoperative microwave ablation are limited. This study investigates outcomes and patterns of recurrence in patients who underwent intraoperative microwave ablation.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 33 patients who underwent intraoperative microwave ablation of colorectal cancer liver metastases from 2009 to 2013 at our institution was performed. Perioperative and long‐term data were reviewed to determine outcomes and patterns of recurrence.ResultsA total of 49 tumors were treated, ranging 0.5–5.5 cm in size. Median Clavien–Dindo classification was one. Median follow‐up was 531 days, with 13 (39.4%) patients presenting with a recurrence. Median time to first recurrence was 364 days. In those patients, 1 (7.8%) presented with an isolated local recurrence in the liver. Only 1 of 7 ablated tumors greater than 3 cm recurred (14.3%). Overall survival was 35.2% at 4 years, with a 19.3% disease‐free survival at 3.5 years. No perioperative variables predicted systemic or local recurrence.ConclusionIntraoperative microwave ablation is a safe and effective modality for use in the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases in tumors as large as 5.5 cm in size. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:410–413. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Establishing principles of macromolecular crowding for in vitro fibrosis research of the vocal fold lamina propria
Authors: Graupp Matthias , Gruber Hans‐Jürgen , Weiss Gregor , Kiesler Karl , Bachna‐Rotter Sophie , Friedrich Gerhard , Gugatschka Markus 
Published: December 2014

Objectives/HypothesisVocal fold fibrosis represents a major disease burden. Screening of antifibrotic compounds could be facilitated by an in vitro fibrogenesis system. Limitations of existing models might be overcome by implication of the excluded volume effect.Study DesignIn‐vitro study.MethodsVocal fold fibroblasts obtained from rats' lamina propria were cultured in four different settings: in standard medium, under “crowded” conditions by adding inert macromolecules, under external administration of transforming growth factor (TGF)ß‐1, and under a combination of both. After 5 days, supernatant and cell layer were collected and analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Immunofluorescence was additionally performed.ResultsCollagen‐alpha1(I) deposition increased significantly under crowded conditions and after administration of TGFβ−1. Amounts of collagen in the cell layer were significantly higher under crowding conditions with TGFβ−1 compared to administration of TGFβ−1 alone.ConclusionCrowding enhanced collagen deposition, resulting in more favorable conditions for studying fibrogenesis. This can be the first step toward developing a robust in vitro model for testing antifibrotic compounds.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:E203–E209, 2015
Comparison of voice outcome after vocal fold augmentation with fat or calcium hydroxylapatite
Authors: Lodder Wouter L. , Dikkers Frederik G. 
Published: December 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the short‐term voice outcomes of vocal fold augmentation using fat compared to calcium hydroxylapatite product Radiesse Voice (Merz Aesthetics).Study DesignRetrospective study design.MethodsSixty‐six consecutive patients with vocal fold insufficiency were recruited, including the final 33 patients treated with fat and all 33 patients treated with calcium hydroxylapatite product. Before April 2011, fat augmentation was the standard treatment; from April 2011, only calcium hydroxylapatite product was used. For all subjects, videolaryngostroboscopic evaluation, s/z ratios, and voice handicap index (VHI) were analyzed.MethodsTreatment outcomes were evaluated 3 months after the augmentation. Two patients augmented with fat (both after 6 months), versus four augmented with calcium hydroxylapatite product (mean after 7 months), needed reintervention. Mean VHI decreased from 18 points in the fat augmentation group compared to 17 points in the calcium hydroxylapatite group. Mean s/z ratio changed −0.33 in the fat augmentation group compared to −0.46 in the calcium hydroxylapatite group.ConclusionThis retrospective cohort demonstrates that there are no short‐term differences in VHI outcome or number of reinterventions for augmentation with fat compared to calcium hydroxylapatite product Radiesse Voice (Merz Aesthetics).Level of EvidenceLevel 4. Laryngoscope, 125:1161–1165, 2015
Comparison of three different polyvinyl alcohol packs following functional endoscopic Nasal surgery
Authors: Melis Andrea , Karligkiotis Apostolos , Bozzo Corrado , Machouchas Nikolaos , Volpi Luca , Castiglia Paolo , Castelnuovo Paolo , Meloni Francesco 
Published: December 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo compare the extent of bleeding and patient discomfort during packing removal of three different polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) packs: 1) a standard PVA sponge (s‐PVA) (Mondocel Standard 10 cm; Mondomed NV, Hamont‐Achel, Belgium); 2) a PVA sponge with oxidized cellulose (oc‐PVA) (Merocel Hemox 10 cm; Medtronic Xomed Surgical Products, Jacksonville, FL); and 3) a PVA sponge with polyethylene film (pf‐PVA) (Merocel 2000 8 cm; Medtronic Xomed Surgical Products, Jacksonville, FL), after functional endoscopic sinus surgery and inferior turbinoplasty.Study DesignA prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled trial.MethodsNinety consecutive patients were enrolled and randomized to receive in each side one pack in the middle meatus and another pack of the same material in the nasal fossa. The patients were equally divided in three groups of 30 patients each. Group A received the pf‐PVA; group B received oc‐PVA; and group C received s‐PVA. Postoperatively, bleeding after removal of the entire nasal packing was evaluated by an observer, whereas the severity of pain was rated by patients with visual analog scales.ResultsOur study evaluated three nasal packing materials, demonstrating that the pf‐PVA is less painful than the others but with intermediate bleeding ratio. However, the oc‐PVA has an intermediate pain score but minimum bleeding. The s‐PVA showed the worst pain and bleeding results.ConclusionsConsidering that removal of the second pack (middle meatus) is more painful than the first (nasal fossa), our results suggest that a pf‐PVA can be placed in the middle meatus and a oc‐PVA in the nasal fossa in order to reduce patient's discomfort in terms of pain and bleeding.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 125:1067–1071, 2015
Using preoperative SNOT‐22 score to inform patient decision for Endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Rudmik Luke , Soler Zachary M. , Mace Jess C. , DeConde Adam S. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: December 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of this study is to improve patient understanding of surgical outcomes while they make a preference‐sensitive decision regarding electing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Study DesignProspective observational cohort study.MethodsPatients with CRS who elected ESS were prospectively enrolled into a multi‐institutional, observational cohort study. Patients' were categorized into 10 preoperative Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) groups based on 10‐point increments beginning with a score of 10 and ending at 110. The proportion of patients achieving a SNOT‐22 minimal clinically important difference (MCID) (9 points) and the percentage of relative improvement (%) for each preoperative SNOT‐22 group were calculated. A subgroup analysis based on polyp status was performed.ResultsA total of 327 patients were included in this study. Patients with a SNOT‐22 score between 10 and 19 had the lowest chance of achieving an MCID (37.5%) and received a relative mean worsening of their quality of life (QoL) after ESS (+18.8%). Patients with a SNOT‐22 score greater than 30 obtained a greater than 75% chance of achieving an MCID, and there was a relative improvement of 45% in QoL (all < −44.9%) after ESS. Outcomes from the polyp status subgroup analysis were similar to the findings from the overall cohort.ConclusionOutcomes from this study suggest that patients with a preoperative SNOT‐22 score higher than 30 points receive a greater than 75% chance of achieving an MCID and on average obtain a 45% relative improvement in their QoL after ESS. Patients with SNOT‐22 score of less than 20 did not experience improved QoL from ESS.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 125:1517–1522, 2015
Effects of a continuous electromagnetic field on wound healing in human airway
Authors: Kim Dong‐Hyun , Kim Hyun Jun , Gimm Yoon‐Myoung , Hong Sung Pyo , Jeon Eun‐ju , Park Eun Young 
Published: December 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a 1.8‐GHz continuous electromagnetic field (EMF) on wound healing in a human airway cell‐culture system.Study DesignIn vitro study using a cell line.MethodsImmortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (a BEAS‐2B cell line) were exposed to a 1.8‐GHz EMF (specific absorption rate = 1.0 W/kg). We evaluated the effect of EMF on the cells using an 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assay, by cell counting, and by using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of cell cycle dynamics and apoptosis. Inhibition of migration was tested by a wound‐healing assay on scratched cell cultures.ResultsCell migration in the wound‐healing assay was decreased by the EMF treatment compared with controls. The MTT assay and cell counting consistently showed that the EMF used was not cytotoxic and did not inhibit cell proliferation. FACS analysis showed no alterations in the cell‐cycle phase distribution or in apoptosis after EMF exposure.ConclusionEMF can inhibit wound healing in vitro by inhibiting cell migration.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 125:1588–1594, 2015