bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoid modulation of agonist induced microvascular endothelial permeability
Authors: SHAMS F , HUDSON N , OCKRIM Z , TUROWSKI P 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and neural inflammation involve microvascular barrier breakdown leading to leakage, tissue oedema and immune cell influx. Glucocorticoids(GCs) have been shown to improve the barrier function of the vasculature in retina and brain. It has been proposed that GCs function through tightening of specialized junctions between endothelial cells (ECs) and reduce paracellular permeability. We investigated the effects of hydrocortisone(HC),dexamethasone(DEX),triamcinolone(TA) and a selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist(SEGRA) on microvascular endothelial permeability induced by vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),lysophosphatidic acid(LPA) and histamine(Hist), all of which are proposed to be involved in diabetic and inflammatory neurovascular pathologies.Methods In vitro studies were undertaken in cultures of primary rat brain and retinal microvascular ECs, as well as a novel immortalised rat retinal EC line, PT2. Junctional protein characterisation was performed by indirect immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. Permeability was measured by macromolecular flux assays.Results Primary retinal and cerebral EC cultures exhibited an exquisite apico‐basal polarity in their response to vasoactive compounds, maintained high barrier properties and sophisticated junctional protein complement. Passaged or immortalised EC had lost most of these features. HC and DEX were effective in suppressing VEGF‐, LPA‐ and Hist‐induced permeability. TA results were similar, except Hist‐induced permeability was insensitive to TA. SEGRA was ineffective in preserving microvascular barrier function.Conclusion The effectiveness of GCs depends on the pathology involved in particular the vasoactive substance in play.
Medical management of vitreoretinal interface disorders
Authors: LE MER Y 
Published: November 2013

AbstractYear 2013 will be a cornerstone in the history of therapeutic vitreolysis with the European approval of the ocriplasmine in March, the first commercially available product to achieve in some selected cases a separation of the vitreo‐retinal interface. Since the publication in 1993 of the first vitreous detachments in rabbit eyes, obtained by intravitreal injection of plasmine, the road has been opened to several researches looking for the best candidate to produce this detachment in human eyes. The published data of the use of ocriplasmine to date are still too fragmentary to give a precise idea of what could be the best indications to perform an intravitreal injection of drug instead of a classical vitrectomy. Aside the symptomatic vitreo‐macular tractions syndrome and small idiopathic macular holes, some other disorders in which an abnormal vitréo‐retinal adhesion seems to play a role are currently evaluated, such as the early stages of macular degeneration and diabetic macular edemas. We’ll present the last available data, focusing beyond the pure scientific results, on the possible consequences on our everyday surgical practice and the clinical decision tree in vitreo‐retinal disorders.
Commercial interest
Surgical management of vitreoretinal interface disorders
Authors: WOLFENSBERGER TJ 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose: To assess safety and efficacy of novel surgical therapies for vitreomacular interface disorders Background: Vitreomacular interface disorders are characterised by a combination of mechanical and biochemical interactions between the posterior hyaloid and the internal limiting membrane and the retinal surface in general. Pathologies that are amenable to surgical treatment include primarily epiretinal membranes and macular holes, but other less common maculopathies have been come to the forefront recently. Results: This presentation will summarise the latest developments in the surgical therapy of vitreomacular interface disorders by evaluating the most recent data on advances in diagnostic tools for preoperative decision making, surgical technology and pharmacological combination therapies. Conclusion: Novel surgical techniques are constantly increasing the therapeutic succes while reducing tissue irritation during surgery. New diagnostic approaches including high‐resolution OCT can help the decision making and to predict visual acuity recovery after vitreomacular interface surgery.
Tthe role of low‐grade inflammation in glaucoma
Authors: KOLKO M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGlaucoma has been associated with low‐grade inflammation. The exact role of inflammatory processes in the pathophysiology of various types of glaucoma is, however, unclear. In addition, few in vivo studies have provided direct evidence for inflammatory processes in glaucoma. Disturbed auto regulation has been shown to increase the levels of Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) and/or nitric oxide (NO) thereby causing inflammation by either inducing ischemia or oxidative stress. Evidence has furthermore revealed a diminished Müller cell ability to remove excess glutamate in the synaptic cleft in response to vascular dysregulation. This in turn causes glutamate excitotoxicity with a hyperstimulation of the NMDA receptor. Activation of NMDA‐receptors has been shown to induce TNF‐α production in the Müller cells, indirectly causing RGC death through TNF‐α stimulation of TNF‐α receptor 1 on RGC. Specifically, this aspect of RGC death rise the possible involvement of low‐grade inflammation as an important factor in the metabolic and excitotoxic intradependance between Müller cells and RGC. The current knowledge of low‐grade inflammatory changes in glaucoma and ideas on possible future targets for pharmaceutical intervention in glaucoma will be discussed
Mohs surgery of eyelid tumours assisted by ex vivo confocal microscopy and a new “open book” method for tissue preparation
Authors: GRIVET D , CAMPOLMI N , CINOTTI E , FOREST F , ESPINASSE M , PERROT JL , LABEILLE B , CAMBAZARD F , DUMOLLARD JM , PEOC'H M , GAIN P , THURET G 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose The micrographic Mohs surgery, that allows a complete and tissue‐economic resection of skin tumours, is particularly adapted to eyelid margin tumours (EMT) surgery. However, being time consuming for pathologists it is not used in routine. Aim: to expose a fast and reproducible method of Mohs surgery for EMT associating ex vivo confocal microscopy (EVCM) and an original tissue preparation named “open‐book”Methods EMT were surgically resected, let unfixed and unstained, immediately prepared with the “open book” technique and analysed with EVCM (vivascope 2500, Lucid Inc, NY and MAVIGH GmbH, Germany). The “open book” technique consisted of splitting the eyelid in two lamellae maintained by a hinge situated at the eyelid margin and flat‐mounting it between two glass slides in order to allow acquisition of both cutaneous and conjunctival sides in the same EVCM scans. The whole sample volume was scanned at the 3 wavelengths available (488, 658 and 785 nm) and the mosaics was automatically reconstituted by the built‐in software. Tumours were then immediately fixed in 4% PFA and a classical pathologic analysis was performed. Agreement between tumour limits found in EVCM analysis and in classical pathology was calculated with weighted kappa coefficientResults In all cases, the skin and conjunctival tumours limits determined by EVCM were comparable to classical pathologyConclusion ECVM combined with original “open book” tissue preparation could take a place in routine of eyelid tumour surgery. Grant: GIRCI jeune chercheur Rhone Alpes Auvergne 2013 No financial interest for all authors
Anatomical and visual outcome after pars plana vitrectomy in acute postcataract endophthalmitis
Authors: CHIQUET C , CAMPOLMI N , COMBEY DE LAMBERT A , CORNUT PL , ROUBEROL F , PALOMBI K , APTEL F , THURET G , CREUZOT‐GARCHER C 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To report visual and anatomical outcome of patients vitrectomized for acute post bacterial endophthalmitisMethods 123 patients with acute postcataract endophthalmitis and consecutively treated by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) were included in four academic hospitals (French Institutional Endophthalmitis Study (FRIENDS) group).Results At 6 month follow‐up, 49 patients (40%) had a visual acuity (VA) greater than or equal to 20/40, and 83 patients (68%) had VA greater than or equal to 20/200. Baseline factors associated with final VA ≥20/40 were a younger age (Odds ratio, OR= 1.05 (1.05‐1.09), p=0.006), presence of fundus visibility (OR=7 (1,4‐34,6),p=0.007), and absence of cataract surgery complications (OR=15.3 (1.9‐32), p=0.001), corneal edema (OR= 2.3 (1.1‐4.9), p= 0.02), hypopion (OR= 2.6 (1.1‐6.6), p=0.04), or of virulent bacteria (OR=3.1 (1.4‐6.7), p=0.005). At the time of PPV, absence of vasculitis at the posterior pole at the time of PPV (OR= 7 (1.4‐34.6), p=0.02) and a lower duration of PPV (OR=1.02 (1.01‐1.04), p=0.02) were significantly associated with final VA ≥20/40. Risk factors of RD were diabetes (OR = 4.7 (1.4‐15.4), p=0.01), and visualization of retinal vasculitis on the posterior pole (OR = 3.8 (1.1‐13.9), p= 0.03) at the time of PPV.Conclusion PPV allowed to be beneficial in a majority of the patients. Baseline inflammatory signs and bacterial virulence are the main prognostic visual factors. RD remains the major complication but final anatomical and visual outcome is still poor, despite updated vitreoretinal techniques
Genetic analyses of autosomal optic neuropathies reveal novel physiopathological pathways involved in optic nerve degeneration
Authors: LENAERS G , HALLOY F , HIEU N , MEGY C , DELETTRE C , MEUNIER I , ROUBERTIE A , HAMEL CP 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAutosomal Optic Neuropathies (AON) are rare mitochondrial diseases affecting the retinal ganglion cells that form the optic nerve and transduce the visual informations from the retina to the brain. They are heterogeneous inherited diseases with dominant – the most abundant ‐ and recessive forms, for which only three genes have so far been identified, OPA1, OPA3 and OPA7. Together, mutations in these genes account for less than 50% of patients with an ascertained clinical diagnosis, OPA1 being by far the most frequent gene involved. To gain insight in the genetic diagnosis of AON, we performed whole exome sequencing on dominant and recessive families, for which we excluded mutation in OPA1, 3 and 7. Results identified some novel genes, all encoding mitochondrial matricial proteins. Importantly none encodes protein embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, as are OPA1, 3 and 7, but all have a function related to the lipid and protein composition of this membrane. Thus these results put emphasis on novel pathophysiological mechanisms involved in retinal ganglion cells degeneration, again pointing on the absolute requirement to maintain the inner mitochondrial integrity to preserve optic nerve function and survival.
OPA1 in mitochondrial quality control and its implications for RGC degeneration
Authors: ALAVI M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMitochondria are vulnerable to damages of their proteins, lipids, and mtDNA by various stress factors and mitochondria either recycle dysfunctional mitochondria via the mitochondrial autophagy pathway, arrange for the recycling of the complete host cell by apoptosis, or continue to function normally and supply the host with energy and metabolites. This is called mitochondrial quality control and it is crucial for all neurodegenerative diseases, including the most prominent ones, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Mitochondrial quality control is facilitated by mitochondrial network dynamics – continuous fission and fusion of mitochondria. Mitochondrial fission is accomplished by DRP1. MFN1 and MFN2 on the mitochondrial outer membrane, and OPA1 on the mitochondrial inner membrane are necessary for mitochondrial fusion. Mitochondrial network dynamics are regulated in highly sophisticated ways by post‐translational modifications and protein processing. I would like to present selected aspects of mitochondrial quality control using OPA1 as an example and discuss their implication on Dominant Optic Atrophy, a slowly progressive optic neuropathy with juvenile onset caused by mutations in the OPA1 gene.
Hypothermic storage or organ culture?
Authors: PONZIN D 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCurrently there are two storage practices for the cornea, both use liquids based on cell culture medium: the hypothermic storage at 2‐6°C, and organ culture at 30‐37°C. Hypothermic storage seems to offer donor tissues of good quality comparable to that obtained by organ culture, provided that the storage time is kept short. Indeed, according to the literature, the risk of primary graft failure increases significantly after storage longer than 7 days. Furthermore, corneas stored longer than 7 days display epithelial alterations that may hinder the surgical procedure or delay the full recovery of the graft. The organ culture storage method consists of a storage period in culture medium at 30‐37C°, and a shorter de‐swelling and transportation phase at 30‐37C° and room temperature in the same medium supplemented with 4‐8% dextran. Organ culture solutions contain fetal calf serum as a source of growth factors to limit endothelial cell loss. The serum must be obtained from prion‐free countries. A storage period of 30 days can be achieved without significant loss of endothelial cells. The endothelium shows reparative phenomena during storage. Organ culture offers a longer storage time, a less restricted donor supply on beforehand, corneal endothelium with a better defined quality, and a pre‐operative microbiologic control. Cultured corneas always display an epithelium made up of 2‐3 layers of viable cells. The 30 days storage period allows an efficient use of valuable donor tissue: planning of operations is easier, allowing sufficient time for the allocation. The disadvantages of this method are the relative technical complexity and the need for qualified staff to perform tissue culture and selection of the corneas. The studies comparing the effect of the storage methods on outcome demonstrate similar graft survival and post‐operative decline in endothelial cell density. Corneas stored by organ culture are at least comparable with those stored hypothermically for shorter periods.
Intravitreal steroids to treat the RVO‐associated macular edema
Authors: CREUZOT C 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntravitreal steroids are interesting tools to treat macular edema associated to RVO. The effect of the treatment lasts approximately 4‐5 months. The main risk is increased ocular pressure ranging from 15% to 50% according to the type of steroids. Patients with glaucoma treated with at least two medications or unbalanced glaucoma will be treated with another therapeutic option to avoid complications. The regular follow‐up of the patient will define efficacy and safety of the treatment. For re injections, the rythm of control can be slightly eased.
Commercial interest
Controversies in the surgical treatment of RVO ‐ Associated macular edema
Authors: GARCIA ‐ ARUMI J , VELáZQUEZ VILLORIA D 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMacular edema is the main cause of decreased visual acuity in retinal vein occlusions (RVOs). Most approaches to the management of RVOs, such as grid macular laser photocoagulation and intraocular injections of drugs, are addressed to reduce the permeability of the macular vascular net and to increase the vitreoretinal fluid exchange of oxygen and protecting factors. However, we need to solve the primary mechanism of the disease: the vein occlusion. In order to reperfuse the thrombosed vein, Radial Optic Neurotomy (RON) is a surgical procedure aimed at solving the “compartment syndrome” that may exist in eyes with CRVO or hemicentral RVO. Sheathotomy specifically releases the compressive factor at the arteriovenous crossings by sectioning the adventicial seath. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r‐tPA) has been administered by several routes, including systemic, intravitreal and by endovascular cannulation of retinal vessels. PPV with peeling of the internal limiting membrane has also been suggested. Surgery remains a good treatment option for patients with very recent and edematous occlusion with poor visual acuity, as reperfusion of the vein is the best approach to treat the macular edema and avoid ischemic complications.
Pseudoexfoliation: normative data and associations. The Central India Eye and Medical Study
Authors: JONAS J , NANGIA N 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To assess the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) and its associations in a population‐based setting.Methods The population‐based Central India Eye and Medical Study included 4711 individuals. All study participants underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination. After medical pupil dilation, PEX was assessed by an experienced ophthalmologist using slit‐lamp based biomicroscopy.Results PEX was detected in 87 eyes (prevalence: 0.950.10% (95%CI:0.75,1.15) of 69 subjects (prevalence: 1.490.18% (95%CI:1.14,1.83). In multivariate analysis, PEX prevalence was associated with higher age (P<0.001; OR:1.11), lower body mass index (P=0.001) and higher diastolic blood pressure (P=0.002). In the multivariate analysis, PEX was not associated with retinal nerve fiber layer cross section area (P=0.76) and presence of open‐angle glaucoma (P=0.15). Side differences in the presence of PEX were not significantly associated with side differences in intraocular pressure (P=0.40).Conclusion In a rural Central Indian population aged 30+ years, PEX prevalence (mean: 1.490.18%) was significantly associated with older age, lower body mass index and higher diastolic blood pressure. It was not significantly associated with optic nerve head measurements, refractive error, any ocular biometric parameter, nuclear cataract, early age‐related macular degeneration and retinal vein occlusion, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and dyslipidemia.
Dependence of the origin of pain in the eyes with terminal stage of glaucoma from chemical composition of vitreous
Authors: ERMOLAEV A , RENDEL E , KASCHEEVA N 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To identify a possible link between the origin of hypertonic pain syndrome (HPS) in the eyes with terminal stage of glaucoma and the difference of the urea concentrations between vitreous contents and blood serum.Methods 31 patients (31 eyes) with refractory terminal glaucomas of different origins with IOP more 35 mm Hg were studied and operated on. The principle of surgery was drainage of the vitreous space for HPS elimination. Some vitreous contents and venous blood were taken during the surgery and researched for measuring urea concentrations. The samples were centrifuged then the blood serum and the supernatant of the vitreous contents were analyzed (SPOTCHEM‐EZ SP 4430). The patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the intensity of pain syndrome: 1st with strong pain; 2nd ‐ pain was present earlier; but it was absent before the surgery; 3d ‐ pain was never registered.Results A high concentration of urea in vitreous contents was found. Only in 6.45% the urea concentration in blood serum was higher then in vitreous. In 12.9% concentrations were near equal and in 80.64% the urea concentration in vitreous contents was higher than in blood serum. Pain existed in the cases when the difference (the negative gradient) of urea concentrations exceeded 6.1 mmol/L only.Conclusion High concentration of the osmoticaly active urea in the vitreous cavity can be the reason for increase of IOP in some cases of refractory glaucomas. If the negative gradient of the urea concentrations were higher than the critical level, it would be the reason for the development of HPS.
Should our decision to practice cataract surgery be only based on visual acuity?
Authors: VAN DEN BERG TJTP 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn obvious minimum criterion for cataract surgery is the likelihood that the surgery will be beneficial to visual function of the patient. Visual function is in practice often simplified to visual acuity VA. Although, most surgeons agree that VA is the most important parameter, it is also agreed there are other visual function factors to consider, corresponding to complaints such as glare, hazy vision, face recognition problems. This may suggest a complicated multidimensional array of visual functions to be important. To address this question in a comprehensive way, the functional point‐spread‐function is useful. The effect of cataract can be summarized by its small angle effect, dominating VA (and contrast sensitivity), and its large angle effect, corresponding to straylight SL. The question then is how important this large angle domain of visual function is for the cataract patient. Results of 2 studies will be presented, a questionnaire study in cataract patients, and a study of referral practice for CE. Subjective complaints were documented before and after surgery by the 39‐item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ‐39). Both studies show dominance of VA, but with an important second place for SL.
Commercial interest
The effectiveness of wavefront‐guided refractive laser treatment
Authors: SULEMAN H , FARES U , AL‐AQABA MA , OTRI AM , SAID DG , DUA HS 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPURPOSE: To compare the efficacy, predictability, safety and induced higher‐order aberrations (HOAs) between wavefront‐guided and non‐wavefront‐guided ablations. METHODS: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMED, and EMBASE were searched for randomized controlled trails. Trials meeting the selection criteria were quality appraised and data extracted by 2 independent authors. Measures of association were pooled quantitatively using metaanalytical methods. Comparison between wavefront‐guided and non‐wavefront‐guided ablations was measured as pooled odds ratios (ORs) or weighted mean differences. The pooled ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed for efficacy, safety, and predictability. The weighted mean difference and 95% CIs were used to compare induced HOAs. RESULTS: Eight trials involving 955 eyes were included. After wavefront‐guided LASIK, the pooled OR of achieving uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 20/20 (efficacy) was 1.10 (95% CI, 0.66‐1.83; P=.72), the pooled OR of achieving a result within ± 0.50 diopter of intended target (predictability) was 1.03 (95% CI, 0.60‐1.75; P=.92), and the weighted mean difference in induced HOAs was ‐0.09 (95% CI, ‐0.17 to ‐0.01; P=.04). No study reported loss of 2 or more lines of Snellen acuity (safety) with either modality. CONCLUSIONS: Metaanalysis showed no clear evidence of a benefit of wavefront‐guided over non‐wavefront‐guided ablations. With high preexisting HOAs, however, wavefront‐guided has advantages over non‐wavefront‐guided treatment.
Tips and tricks in grossing & processing specimens
Authors: COUPLAND S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOphthalmic specimens range in size and degree of complexity. The diagnostic work‐up of ocular‐, ophthalmic biopsies and larger specimens demands close collaboration between the clinician, the pathologist and other specialties, including the vitreoretinal surgeon, plastic surgeon, as well as the head‐and‐neck surgeon. Documentation of all relevant clinical information in the pathology request form as well as timely discussions between the various specialists (e.g., telephone or E‐mail communications prior to a biopsy being performed) are essential components of the diagnostic and referral pathways. The laboratory itself should be equipped with experienced technical staff who are dedicated to eye specimens and familiar with the specimen protocols. Further, a pathologist with expertise in ocular pathology/fluid samples should be supported with a wide range of investigations, including molecular diagnostic techniques. In this way, the yield from these samples can be optimized to reach an unequivocal diagnosis, rapid communication to the clinician, and timely instigation of therapy. Guidelines for these steps are provided.