bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-languaging the creative: Designing as a comprehensive act of combination
Authors: Wood John 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This is the first of two articles that aim to explore co-authorship in the light of ecological systems. The assumption behind each of them is that designers could make a creative contribution to the evolutionary sustainability of natural ecosystems, thus helping to reduce the ecocidal impact of human behaviour. Unfortunately, designers are trained as specialists who catalyse economic growth and their methods are therefore part of the old paradigm that needs changing. Part of the paradigm change needs to include the re-designing of design to be more relational and combinatorial, so that its primary focus is more associated with the co-creative relations between things, rather than on individual products or services. What we call ‘metadesign’ is intended to help designers, and others, to re-think the habits, assumptions and discourses that seem ‘normal’, or are invisible, to those in the existing paradigm. Its repertoire therefore includes methods for ‘re-languaging’ the familiar belief system in order to encourage beneficial change. Ultimately, metadesigners would be expected to co-create ‘synergies’ that will work together as a ‘synergies-of-synergies’. Re-languaging certain key terms will be vital to the quest for synergy. For example, in the corporate vocabulary, the term ‘creative innovation’ implies an egocentric ‘disrupting’ of the status quo. Metadesigners might wish to re-describe its purpose as a process that helps organizations to find more synergistic ways to coexist, within their habitat.
Rhythms of practice: An evaluation of writings generated from a series of drawing, speaking and writing experiments
Authors: Edwards Harriet 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This article evaluates some of the ‘Rhythms of Practice’ experiment writings (activities of drawing, speaking and writing) from Ph.D. research, ‘Design leads’, 2012. The research developed from earlier Writing PAD preoccupations with the relation of studio practices to writing practices. The article, informed by my role of participant–observer, proceeds from an evaluation of writing that is absorbed into drawing to a second part that analyses the microelements of writings produced. The latter are experiential, towards the phenomenological or sometimes poetic in nature. The final part brings in the perspective of Iain McGilchrist’s research on the bi-laterality of brain hemispheres.
Cosmetic surgeries on knots in S
3
Authors: Ni Yi , Wu Zhongtao 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Two Dehn surgeries on a knot are called purely cosmetic, if they yield manifolds that are homeomorphic as oriented manifolds. Suppose there exist purely cosmetic surgeries on a knot in S
3,
we show that the two surgery slopes must be the opposite of each other. One ingredient of our proof is a Dehn surgery formula for correction terms in Heegaard Floer homology.
Effects of energy restriction on activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in obese humans and rodents: implications for diet-induced changes in body composition
Authors: Seimon Radhika V. , Hostland Nikita , Silveira Stephanie L. , Gibson Alice A. , Sainsbury Amanda 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background: Obesity treatments aim to maximize fat loss, particularly abdominal or visceral fat, without compromising lean or bone mass. However, the literature contains numerous examples of obesity treatments that – in addition to fat loss – result in loss of lean mass and/or bone mass.

Materials and methods: Because of the known effects of energy restriction to increase activity of the hypothalamo-pitutiary adrenal (HPA) axis in lean humans and animals, and because increases in circulating glucocorticoid levels could potentially contribute to adverse body compositional changes with obesity treatments, we conducted a systematic PubMed search to determine whether HPA axis activation also occurs in response to energy restriction in obese humans and animals.

Results and conclusions: In most studies in obese humans, short-term severe energy restriction increased circulating cortisol levels, and this response was also seen in two longer-term human studies involving severe or moderate energy restriction. These findings parallel studies on short- or long-term energy restriction in obese rodents, with most studies showing increases in circulating corticosterone concentrations, and no change or actual increases in hypothalamic expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone, urocortin 3 or their receptors. However, a significant proportion of studies involving longer-term severe or moderate energy restriction in obese humans showed no change or decreases in HPA axis function. There was variability among human studies in the duration of energy restriction and timing of the HPA axis investigations (i.e., during energy restriction, or after a period of post-restriction weight maintenance). In order to unambiguously determine changes in HPA axis function with energy restriction in obese humans, it will be important to assess HPA axis function at multiple time points during energy restriction, given that obese individuals may spend many weeks or months in severe or moderate energy restriction in order to reduce excess weight, and given that increases in glucocorticoid function can have significant effects on body composition within weeks to months.
Smart Justice: A New Paradigm for Dealing with Offenders
Authors: Sabet Kevin , Talpins Stephen , Dunagan Matthew , Holmes Erin 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Given the size and cost of the American criminal justice system, new ways of thinking about community corrections are necessary to both reduce the economic impact and public safety consequences of offenders cycling in and out of prison and jail. Several new paradigms for dealing with offenders have recently emerged and are expanding throughout the United States. All of these approaches involve utilizing swift, certain, and modest sanctions, rather than random and severe sanctions, which is the status quo. This paper outlines the aforementioned approach by highlighting three such programs currently in existence in the United States. The paper ends with general guidelines for constructing similar cost-effective programs.
Study of the OCDMA Transmission Characteristics in FSO-FTTH at Various Distances, Outdoor
Authors: Aldouri Muthana Y. , Aljunid S. A. , Fadhil Hilal A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
It is important to apply the field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and Optical Switch technology as an encoder and decoder for Spectral Amplitude Coding Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) Free Space Optic Fiber to the Home (FSO-FTTH) transmitter and receiver system design. The encoder and decoder module will be using FPGA as a code generator, optical switch using as encode and decode of optical source. This module was tested by using the Modified Double Weight (MDW) code, which is selected as an excellent candidate because it had shown superior performance were by the total noise is reduced. It is also easy to construct and can reduce the number of filters required at a receiver by a newly proposed detection scheme known as AND Subtraction technique. MDW code is presented here to support Fiber-To-The-Home (FTTH) access network in Point-To-Multi-Point (P2MP) application. The conversion used a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) wavelength converter. The performances are characterized through BER and bit rate (BR), also, the received power at a variety of bit rates.
The European Medicines Agency Review of Abiraterone for the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in Adult Men After Docetaxel Chemotherapy and in Chemotherapy-Naïve Disease: Summary of the Scientific Assessment of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use
Authors: Gravanis Iordanis , Lopez Arantxa Sancho , Hemmings Robert James , Jiménez Jorge Camarero , Garcia-Carbonero Rocio , Gallego Isabel García , Giménez Elena Valencia , O'Connor Daniel , Giuliani Rosa , Salmonson Tomas , Pignatti Francesco 
Published: August 2013

Learning Objectives
Describe the EU regulatory considerations on the benefits of abiraterone in the treatment of prostate cancer. Describe the EU regulatory considerations on the risks of abiraterone in the treatment of prostate cancer and their management. Describe the EU regulatory basis for approving abiraterone for use in the treatment of prostate cancer.
Comfort Measures: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Oliveira Irene 
Published: August 2013

Reference to the concept of comfort measures is growing in the nursing and medical literature; however, the concept of comfort measures is rarely defined. For the comfort work of nurses to be recognized, nurses must be able to identify and delineate the key attributes of comfort measures.A concept analysis using Rodgers’ evolutionary method (2000) was undertaken with the goal of identifying the core attributes of comfort measures and thereby clarifying this concept. Health care literature was accessed from the CINAHL and PubMed databases. No restrictions were placed on publication dates.Four main themes of attributes for comfort measures were identified during the analysis. Comfort measures involve an active, strategic process including elements of “stepping in” and “stepping back,” are both simple and complex, move from a physical to a holistic perspective and are a part of supportive care. The antecedents to comfort measures are comfort needs and the most common consequence of comfort measures is enhanced comfort.Although the concept of comfort measures is often associated with end-of-life care, this analysis suggests that comfort measures are appropriate for nursing care in all settings and should be increasingly considered in the clinical management of patients who are living with multiple, chronic comorbidities.
Numerical solution of inverse spectral problems for Sturm-Liouville operators with discontinuous potentials
Authors: Efremova Liubov , Freiling Gerhard 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
We consider Sturm-Liouville differential operators on a finite interval with discontinuous potentials having one jump. As the main result we obtain a procedure of recovering the location of the discontinuity and the height of the jump. Using our result, we apply a generalized Rundell-Sacks algorithm of Rafler and Böckmann for a more effective reconstruction of the potential and present some numerical examples.
Using airborne Ku-band altimeter waveforms to investigate winter accumulation and glacier facies on Austfonna, Svalbard
Authors: Hawley Robert L. , Brandt Ola , Dunse Thorben , Hagen Jon Ove , Helm Veit , Kohler Jack , Langley Kirsty , Malnes Eirik , Høgda Kjell-Arild 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWinter balance is an important metric for assessing the change on glaciers and ice caps, yet measuring it using ground-based techniques can be challenging. We use the European Space Agency prototype Airborne SAR/Interferometric Radar Altimeter System (ASIRAS) to extract snow depths from the received altimeter waveforms over Austfonna ice cap, Svalbard. Additionally, we attempt to distinguish the long-term firn area from other glacier facies. We validate our results using snow depth and glacier facies characterizations determined from ground-based radar profiles, snow pits and a multi-look satellite synthetic aperture radar image. We show that the depth of the winter snowpack can be extracted from the altimeter data over most of the accumulation zone, comprising wet snow zone and a superimposed ice zone. The method struggles at lower elevations where internal reflections within the winter snowpack are strong and the winter snow depth is less than ∼1 m. We use the abruptness of the reflection from the last summer surface (LSS) to attempt to distinguish glacier facies. While there is a general correlation between LSS abruptness and glacier facies, we do not find a relationship that warrants a distinct classification based on ASIRAS waveforms alone.
Prosternation, malaise et honte en éducation dans la Chine contemporaine ? La servitude volontaire comme nouveau mode de gouvernement
Authors: Zhao Weili 
Published: August 2013

Depuis 1997, des étudiants sont appelés à se prosterner devant leurs parents ou leurs enseignants en signe de gratitude. L’examen des controverses nées de ces rituels met en évidence un assemblage ou un désassemblage de principes culturels et sociaux imbriqués dans les débats de la société chinoise contemporaine. L’article problématise ces principes culturels et historiques autour de trois dimensions croisées : confusion Soi-corps, tension identitaire élève/enseignant et logique de représentation symbolique. Un raisonnement binaire sur la prosternation –vue comme l’expression la plus haute du confucianisme ou un rituel féodal de servilité– écarte toute autre interprétation des acteurs. En s’appuyant sur le prendre soin éthique de soi et des autres de Foucault et le raisonnement de Confucius sur le rite dans les Analectes, l’auteur veut recréer un espace social et culturel théorique pour repenser ces prosternations controversées. Pour lui, le glissement, à la lumière de la théorie de la servitude volontaire, de ce qui devrait être à ce qui peut être, rend explicite la valeur éducative et sociale que les rites de prosternation peuvent apporter à la réforme de l’enseignement en Chine. Il enrichit les dynamiques de gouvernance de Foucault et offre une nouvelle perspective pour repenser la gouvernance dans ce qu’elle crée de subjectivité dans la recherche en éducation et en sociologie.
Apprendre au-delà des frontières : entre nomadismes et mobilités
Authors: Charlier Bernadette 
Published: August 2013

Par la médiation des personnes et des technologies, les frontières imaginaires structurant les représentations des apprentissages dans, hors et après la formation se trouvent aujourd’hui profondément transformées. La visée de cet article est de proposer une voie pour décrire, analyser et comprendre ces transformations. Prenant appui sur une perspective socioculturelle et médiationnelle reconnaissant les médiateurs de diverses natures (langage, médias, personnes, etc.) dans le processus d’apprentissage, il s’agit de proposer un cadre théorique permettant d’aborder les questions suivantes : « Comment les adultes vivent-elles/ils leurs apprentissages à travers les lieux (reconnus comme éducatifs ou non) et le temps ? » ; « Dans quelle mesure leurs environnements personnels d’apprentissage (EPA) sont-ils médiateurs de cette expérience ? ».
Effect of meadow regeneration on bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) abundance and diversity in southern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Rutgers-Kelly Amy C. , Richards Miriam H. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTo investigate how bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) communities repopulate habitat following severe disturbances, we compared assemblages in new, regenerating landfill sites planted in 2003, recent landfill sites planted in 2000, and control meadows relatively undisturbed for >40 years. All sites were identically sampled using pan traps and sweep netting, from early May to late September 2003, equalising collection effort among sites. In addition, we carried out five-minute aerial net samplings wherever sites contained large patches of wildflowers. We predicted that abundance and diversity of bees would be highest in recent sites and lowest in new sites. This prediction was partially supported: bees were most abundant in recent sites followed by control, then new sites, but species richness was highest (82 species) in recent sites, followed by new sites (67 species), then control (66 species). A randomisation analysis showed that there were more species than expected in new sites and fewer than expected in control sites. Differences in blossom availability likely explain differences in bee abundance and diversity among habitat regeneration levels. Overall, our results suggest that the bee community recolonised newly available sites immediately in the first year and that bee diversity and abundance increased for at least three years, subsequently declining between three and 40 years.
CD28 Sensitizes TCR Ca2+ Signaling during Ag-Independent Polarization of Plasma Membrane Rafts
Authors: Byrum Jennifer N. , Van Komen Jeffrey S. , Rodgers William 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
T cells become polarized during initial interactions with an APC to form an Ag-independent synapse (AIS) composed of membrane rafts, TCR, and TCR-proximal signaling molecules. AISs occur temporally before TCR triggering, but their role in downstream TCR signaling is not understood. Using both human and murine model systems, we studied the signals that activate AIS formation and the effect of these signals on TCR-dependent responses. We show that CD28 produces AISs detectable by spinning disc confocal microscopy seconds following initial interactions between the T cell and APC. AIS formation by CD28 coincided with costimulatory signaling, evidenced by a cholesterol-sensitive activation of the MAPK ERK that potentiated Ca2+ signaling in response to CD3 cross-linking. CD45 also enriched in AISs but to modulate Src kinase activity, because localization of CD45 at the cell interface reduced the activation of proximal Lck. In summary, we show that signaling by CD28 during first encounters between the T cell and APC both sensitizes TCR Ca2+ signaling by an Erk-dependent mechanism and drives formation of an AIS that modulates the early signaling until TCR triggering occurs. Thus, early Ag-independent encounters are an important window for optimizing T cell responses to Ag by CD28.
T Cell–Derived IL-17 Mediates Epithelial Changes in the Airway and Drives Pulmonary Neutrophilia
Authors: Fogli Laura K. , Sundrud Mark S. , Goel Swati , Bajwa Sofia , Jensen Kari , Derudder Emmanuel , Sun Amy , Coffre Maryaline , Uyttenhove Catherine , Van Snick Jacques , Schmidt-Supprian Marc , Rao Anjana , Grunig Gabriele , Durbin Joan , Casola Stefano S. , Rajewsky Klaus , Koralov Sergei B. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTh17 cells are a proinflammatory subset of effector T cells that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. Their production of the cytokine IL-17 is known to induce local recruitment of neutrophils, but the direct impact of IL-17 on the lung epithelium is poorly understood. In this study, we describe a novel mouse model of spontaneous IL-17–driven lung inflammation that exhibits many similarities to asthma in humans. We have found that STAT3 hyperactivity in T lymphocytes causes an expansion of Th17 cells, which home preferentially to the lungs. IL-17 secretion then leads to neutrophil infiltration and lung epithelial changes, in turn leading to a chronic inflammatory state with increased mucus production and decreased lung function. We used this model to investigate the effects of IL-17 activity on airway epithelium and identified CXCL5 and MIP-2 as important factors in neutrophil recruitment. The neutralization of IL-17 greatly reduces pulmonary neutrophilia, underscoring a key role for IL-17 in promoting chronic airway inflammation. These findings emphasize the role of IL-17 in mediating neutrophil-driven pulmonary inflammation and highlight a new mouse model that may be used for the development of novel therapies targeting Th17 cells in asthma and other chronic pulmonary diseases.
Managing Waiting Times and Providing Equitable, Family-Centred Care: A Description of Four Key Initiatives from NHS Fife Child Health Occupational Therapy Service (2006–11)
Authors: Millar Fiona , Doherty Maria , Forster Gladys , McFarlane Aileen , Ogilvie Pippa 
Published: August 2013

Equity, timeliness and family-centredness are key dimensions of high-quality occupational therapy service delivery. This practice analysis reflects on practice-based initiatives to achieve these. In 2006, the National Health Service Fife Child Health Occupational Therapy Service, in the United Kingdom, had extensive waiting times, which varied across the region, and high levels of service user dissatisfaction related to these. To address this, the service investigated ways to make better use of the existing resources and adopted the Care Aims framework, culminating in quality improvement initiatives. Key initiatives were: triaging new referrals, health promotion, care agreements with service users and extending the health care support worker's role. The main challenges encountered were staff anxiety and the expectations of both service users and other professionals. Important facilitators were dynamic leadership and well-motivated staff. Following implementation, waiting times were reduced and are, at the time of writing, consistently less than 12 weeks. Anecdotal evidence suggests that service user satisfaction has improved.
« Le dernier endroit dans l’univers1 »
Authors: Grenier Benoît 
Published: August 2013

En décembre 1854, la cinquième législature du Canada Uni promulguait l’Acte pour l’abolition des droits et devoirs féodaux dans le Bas-Canada. Cette législation n’a pas pour autant mis fin aux liens économiques et sociaux unissant seigneurs et censitaires. En préservant partiellement la propriété seigneuriale et en imposant des conditions aux censitaires pour le « rachat » des rentes, la loi ne constitue qu’une étape du long processus qui s’est échelonné jusqu’aux années 1970. Ce texte entend mieux définir les mécanismes par lesquels le lien entre seigneurs et censitaires a survécu, puis disparu dans le Québec du xxe siècle. Il présente d’abord la chronologie de l’extinction des rentes seigneuriales, dépeint ensuite le contexte de création du Syndicat national du rachat des rentes seigneuriales (1935), puis analyse le travail effectué par cet organisme de même que les sources qui en émanent. L’objectif est d’inscrire l’histoire seigneuriale québécoise dans une perspective de longue durée et de comprendre que les persistances de cette institution ne se résument pas à son empreinte dans le paysage et la toponymie.
Towards the Development of Flexible Non‐Volatile Memories
Authors: Han Su‐Ting , Zhou Ye , Roy V. A. L. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFlexible non‐volatile memories have attracted tremendous attentions for data storage for future electronics application. From device perspective, the advantages of flexible memory devices include thin, lightweight, printable, foldable and stretchable. The flash memories, resistive random access memories (RRAM) and ferroelectric random access memory/ferroelectric field‐effect transistor memories (FeRAM/FeFET) are considered as promising candidates for next generation non‐volatile memory device. Here, we review the general background knowledge on device structure, working principle, materials, challenges and recent progress with the emphasis on the flexibility of above three categories of non‐volatile memories.