bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Synthesis of Findings from an Integrated Hatchery Program after Three Generations of Spawning in the Natural Environment
Authors: Fast David E , Bosch William J , Johnston Mark V , Strom Charles R , Knudsen Curtis M , Fritts Anthony L , Temple Gabriel M , Pearsons Todd N , Larsen Donald A , Dittman Andrew H , May Darran 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The Cle Elum Supplementation and Research Facility in the Yakima River basin, Washington, is an integrated spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha hatchery program designed to test whether artificial propagation can increase natural production and harvest opportunities while keeping ecological and genetic impacts within acceptable limits. Only natural-origin (naturally spawned) fish are used for hatchery broodstock. Spawning, incubation, and early rearing occur at a central facility; presmolts are transferred for final rearing, acclimation, and volitional release at sites adjacent to natural spawning areas, where returning adults can spawn with natural-origin fish. The first wild broodstock were collected in 1997, and age-4 adults have returned to the Yakima River since 2001. An unsupplemented population in the adjacent Naches River watershed provides a reference for evaluating environmental influences. The program has been comprehensively monitored from its inception. A synthesis of findings, many already published, is as follows: supplementation increased the harvest, redd counts, and spatial distribution of spawners; natural-origin returns were maintained; straying to nontarget systems was negligible; natural-origin females had slightly higher breeding success (production of surviving fry) in an artificial spawning channel, while the behavior and breeding success of natural- and hatchery-origin males were similar; hatchery-origin fish showed differences in morphometric and life history traits; high rates of hatchery age-2 (minijack) production were reported, but the observed proportions of out-migrating juvenile and adult (ages 4 and 5) returning males were comparable for hatchery- and natural-origin fish; hatchery smolts did not affect the levels of pathogens in natural smolts; and the ecological interactions attributed to the program were within adopted guidelines. Continued study is required to assess the long-term impacts on natural production and productivity.
Contribution of Hatchery-Reared Walleyes to Populations in Northern Green Bay, Lake Michigan
Authors: Zorn Troy G 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The effectiveness of stocking hatchery-reared Walleyes Sander vitreus to supplement native populations in large, open systems like the Great Lakes has not been thoroughly evaluated. I quantified recent contributions of stocked Walleye fingerlings to populations in Little Bay de Noc (LBDN) and Big Bay de Noc (BBDN) in northern Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Oxytetracycline-marked Walleye fingerlings were stocked in June, and late summer gill-net and night-time boat electrofishing surveys were used to index Walleye year-class abundance and collect juvenile Walleyes for hatchery mark evaluation. For the 2004–2009 year-classes, 76% of the age-0 to age-3 Walleyes examined from LBDN were of wild origin and 62% in BBDN were naturally reproduced fish. Survey catch rates of juvenile Walleyes were similar for stocked and nonstocked year-classes. Assessment catch rates of age-1 and age-2 Walleyes differed significantly by location, with average catch rates in LBDN often being ten times higher than those in BBDN. Age-0 Walleyes persisted to older ages and were well-represented at numerous sampling locations in LBDN, but few age-1 and older Walleyes were caught in BBDN. The differences in growth between hatchery-reared and wild Walleyes were minor compared with the differences between bays. Based on stocking records and creel estimates available since 1985, the harvest rate of Walleyes was not significantly correlated to the numbers of Walleyes stocked 4–6 years earlier in LBDN or BBDN. Despite low stocking rates, stocked fish likely provided some contribution (though not a statistically significant one) to Walleye year-classes and the sport fishery in LBDN, but their contribution in BBDN was less apparent. Managers should weigh the trade-offs of supplemental stocking in Great Lakes waters when considering requests for hatchery Walleyes in smaller lakes and rivers, especially when stocking resources are limited.
Novel epigenetic determinants of type 2 diabetes in Mexican-American families
Authors: Kulkarni Hemant , Kos Mark Z. , Neary Jennifer , Dyer Thomas D. , Kent Jack W. , Göring Harald H.H. , Cole Shelley A. , Comuzzie Anthony G. , Almasy Laura , Mahaney Michael C. , Curran Joanne E. , Blangero John , Carless Melanie A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAlthough DNA methylation is now recognized as an important mediator of complex diseases, the extent to which the genetic basis of such diseases is accounted for by DNA methylation is unknown. In the setting of large, extended families representing a minority, high-risk population of the USA, we aimed to characterize the role of epigenome-wide DNA methylation in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Using Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays, we tested for association of DNA methylation at 446 356 sites with age, sex and phenotypic traits related to T2D in 850 pedigreed Mexican-American individuals. Robust statistical analyses showed that (i) 15% of the methylome is significantly heritable, with a median heritability of 0.14; (ii) DNA methylation at 14% of CpG sites is associated with nearby sequence variants; (iii) 22% and 3% of the autosomal CpG sites are associated with age and sex, respectively; (iv) 53 CpG sites were significantly associated with liability to T2D, fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance; (v) DNA methylation levels at five CpG sites, mapping to three well-characterized genes (TXNIP, ABCG1 and SAMD12) independently explained 7.8% of the heritability of T2D (vi) methylation at these five sites was unlikely to be influenced by neighboring DNA sequence variation. Our study has identified novel epigenetic indicators of T2D risk in Mexican Americans who have increased risk for this disease. These results provide new insights into potential treatment targets of T2D.
An empirical investigation of the impact of management accounting on structural capital and business performance
Authors: Cleary Peter 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a series of conceptual models that investigates the impact of management accounting (MA) (systems and information) on firms’ structural capital and business performance. It also replicates previous research in this area which focused on the interplay between the three primary elements of intellectual capital (IC) (i.e. human capital, structural capital and relational capital) and business performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– A survey instrument was used to collect the data required to conduct the study. All respondents who participated occupied the role of chief financial officer or equivalent and were employed by firms competing within the indigenous Irish information and communications technology sector. Consistent with prior quantitative IC-based research, a form of structural equation modelling called partial least squares was used to test the data collected.

Findings
– The findings reject the suggestion that MA is most appropriately situated as an element of firms’ structural capital. The findings support a plausible and statistically significant relationship between advanced MA systems and business performance. The findings also generally support previous research on the relationship between the three elements of IC and business performance.

Originality/value
– Although much has been written about the potential role for MA in the IC area, little empirical evidence has yet emerged. This exploratory research begins to address this deficiency by developing and testing a series of MA-related constructs within the IC research domain.
Anti money laundering using a two-phase system
Authors: Moustafa Tamer Hossam , Abd El-Megied Mohamed Zaki , Sobh Tarek Salah , Shafea Khaled Mohamed 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to compete and detect suspicious transactions that can lead to detecting money laundering cases.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper presents a plan-based framework for anti-money laundering systems (PBAMLS). Such a framework is novel and consists of two phases, in addition to several supporting modules. The first phase, the monitoring phase, utilizes an automata approach as a formalism to detect probable money laundering. The detection process is based on a money laundering deterministic finite automaton that has been obtained from the corresponding regular expressions which specify different money laundering processes. The second phase is STRIPS-based planning phase that aims at strengthening the belief in the probable problems discovered in the first (monitoring) phase. In addition, PBAMLS contains several supporting modules for data collection and mediation, link analysis and risk scoring. To assess the applicability of PBAMLS, it has been tested using different cases studies.

Findings
– This framework provides a clear shift of anti-money laundering systems (AML) from depending heuristic and human expertise to making use of a rigorous formalism to accomplish concrete decisions. It minimizes the possibilities of false positive alarms and increases the certainty in decision-making.

Practical implications
– This framework enhances the detection of money laundering cases. It also minimizes the number of false-positive alarms that waste the investigators’ efforts and time; it decreases the efforts presented by the investigators.

Originality/value
– This work proposes PBAMLS as a novel plan-based framework for AML systems.
Green marketing innovations in small Indian firms
Authors: Kumar Prashant 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore green marketing innovations in small Indian firms which serve as decisive dimensions for developing green identity of small firms in the market.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were obtained by interviewing marketing managers for green products in small Indian firms.

Findings
– Six categories of green marketing innovations are identified – marketing compliance, marketing strategic partnership, marketing environmental commitment, marketing green team, marketing benchmarking and marketing (environmental) ethical behaviour.

Research limitations/implications
– Though limited to small Indian firms, this study determined their distinct green marketing approaches and innovations.

Practical implications
– The distinct green marketing approaches and innovations determined indicate that contemporary marketing innovations and decisions have moved beyond limited alternatives predetermined by product and market definitions, and downstream market-related activities such as advertising, packaging, selling or distribution, and are now based on compliance, commitment and leadership in context of small firms.

Originality/value
– This study is unique to employ natural resource-based view theory in context of determining green marketing innovations in small firms.
The level of compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS 7)
Authors: Sarea Adel Mohammed , Abdulla Al Dalal Zahra 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the level of compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS 7) by listed companies in Bahrain Bourse (BB).Design/methodology/approach– First, the authors design disclosure compliance checklist of ten requirements of IFRS 7. Second, a score of 3 is assigned if high level of compliance, 2 is assigned if medium level of compliance, 1 is assigned if low level of compliance. The sample of the study comprises of (21) companies listed in BB for year 2013.Findings– The main findings are, the level of compliance varied by industry and the highest level of compliance reported for the investment sector whereas the lowest for the insurance industry. This result indicates that all listed companies are complying with IFRS 7 in terms of the standard disclosure requirements.Practical implications– In this paper attempt has been made to support the argument of previous studies. The paper attempts to test and answer the research question; does the financial sector in Bahrain comply with IFRS 7? These results could lead to high level of awareness about the financial instruments. Adoption of the IFRS 7 could lead to high level of compliance and play a significant role in attracting global investors’ interest to the local markets, especially in a developing country like Bahrain.Originality/value– This paper provides an insight from the reality of the financial market in Bahrain as a result of answering this question; does the financial sector in Bahrain comply with IFRS 7?
Trust, personality, risk taking and entrepreneurship
Authors: Zeffane Rachid 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of trust, personality and risk taking on entrepreneurial intentions (EIs). In this perspective, it explores gender differences among nascent and actual entrepreneurs in the context of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).Design/methodology/approach– Survey data were collected from two sets of populations: 370 students attending business courses in a university in the UAE (as proxies to nascent entrepreneurs) and 324 small business owners/operators (as proxies to actual entrepreneurs). The scales used in the study were borrowed from previous research and were also empirically confirmed through reliability tests.Findings– In support of previous research, analyses of variance confirmed the hypotheses that females are less inclined to become entrepreneurs and are less likely to take risk. Females were also found to be less trusting than males. Regression analysis revealed that, the intention to engage in entrepreneurship is most significantly affected by the propensity to trust. These confirm the study hypotheses.Research limitations/implications– This study is set in a single country and as such, its findings may be constrained by cultural/national specificities. Future research could consider examining the variables of this study (particularly gender differences and their relevance to the effects of trust and risk taking on EIs) in a wider cross-national context.Practical implications– The findings of this study clearly indicate that trust is an important variable that can be cultivated at the pre-entrepreneurial stage so that future entrepreneurs (females in particular) are appropriately equipped and geared to cope with risk in entrepreneurship activities.Originality/value– Research on gender, trust, risk taking and entrepreneurial behaviors in the UAE/Middle East context remains lacking. Also, studies using samples of both actual and nascent entrepreneurs remain lacking. This study fills these gaps and also provides a platform for further understanding the importance of gender differences in relation to trust, personality, risk taking and EIs.
Technique to detect flower‐visiting insects in video monitoring and time‐lapse photography data
Authors: Nakase Yuta , Suetsugu Kenji 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRecent developments in video monitoring and time‐lapse photography techniques have increased the efficiency of observing floral visitors. However, such approaches still require a great investment of time and effort to extract the relevant information from the large quantity of data produced. In an attempt to shorten this time‐consuming process and make it more efficient, we have developed a system to automatically detect moving objects. This new system involves the comparison of consecutive frames to detect differences between the images and highlights those frames that are likely to contain insect visitors. The specifications of the system and the results from a pilot study using the data of the orchid species Platanthera ussuriensis are described below.
Structure–activity relationships of bumetanide derivatives: correlation between diuretic activity in dogs and inhibition of the human NKCC2A transporter
Authors: Lykke Kasper , Töllner Kathrin , Römermann Kerstin , Feit Peter W , Erker Thomas , MacAulay Nanna , Löscher Wolfgang 
Published: June 2015

Background and PurposeThe N‐K‐Cl cotransporters (NKCCs) mediate the coupled, electroneutral movement of Na+, K+ and Cl− ions across cell membranes. There are two isoforms of this cation co‐transporter, NKCC1 and NKCC2. NKCC2 is expressed primarily in the kidney and is the target of diuretics such as bumetanide. Bumetanide was discovered by screening ∼5000 3‐amino‐5‐sulfamoylbenzoic acid derivatives, long before NKCC2 was identified in the kidney. Therefore, structure–activity studies on effects of bumetanide derivatives on NKCC2 are not available.Experimental ApproachIn this study, the effect of a series of diuretically active bumetanide derivatives was investigated on human NKCC2 variant A (hNKCC2A) expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes.Key ResultsBumetanide blocked hNKCC2A transport with an IC50 of 4 μM. There was good correlation between the diuretic potency of bumetanide and its derivatives in dogs and their inhibition of hNKCC2A (r2 = 0.817; P < 0.01). Replacement of the carboxylic group of bumetanide by a non‐ionic residue, for example, an anilinomethyl group, decreased inhibition of hNKCC2A, indicating that an acidic group was required for transporter inhibition. Exchange of the phenoxy group of bumetanide for a 4‐chloroanilino group or the sulfamoyl group by a methylsulfonyl group resulted in compounds with higher potency to inhibit hNKCC2A than bumetanide.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe X. laevis oocyte expression system used in these experiments allowed analysis of the structural requirements that determine relative potency of loop diuretics on human NKCC2 splice variants, and may lead to the discovery of novel high‐ceiling diuretics.
Selective activation of D1 dopamine receptors impairs sensorimotor gating in Long–Evans rats
Authors: Mosher Laura J , Frau Roberto , Pardu Alessandra , Pes Romina , Devoto Paola , Bortolato Marco 
Published: June 2015

Background and PurposeSensorimotor gating is a perceptual process aimed at filtering out irrelevant information. In humans and animal models, this function can be operationally measured through the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex. Notably, PPI deficits are associated with numerous neuropsychiatric conditions characterized by gating disturbances, including schizophrenia and Tourette syndrome. Ample evidence has shown that dopamine plays a key role in PPI regulation and, in particular, rodent studies indicate that this neurotransmitter modulates PPI through D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. In mice, the relative contributions of these two families of receptors are strain‐dependent. Conversely, the role of D1 receptors in the regulation of PPI across different rat strains remains unclear.Experimental ApproachWe tested the effects of selective D1 and D2 receptor agonists and antagonists on the startle reflex and PPI of Sprague‐Dawley, Wistar and Long–Evans rats.Key ResultsIn contrast with Sprague‐Dawley and Wistar rats, the full D1 receptor agonist SKF82958 elicited significant PPI deficits in Long–Evans rats, an effect sensitive to the selective D1 antagonist SCH23390.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results suggest that, in Long–Evans rats, D1 receptor activation may be sufficient to significantly impair PPI. These data emphasize the role of D1 receptors in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders featuring alterations in sensorimotor gating, and uphold the importance of the genetic background in shaping the role of dopamine receptors in the regulation of this key information‐processing function.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Updating Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology of Monoaminergic Systems. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.13/issuetoc
Betulinic acid exerts anti‐hepatitis C virus activity via the suppression of NF‐κB‐ and MAPK‐ERK1/2‐mediated COX‐2 expression
Authors: Lin Chun‐Kuang , Tseng Chin‐Kai , Chen Kai‐Hsun , Wu Shih‐Hsiung , Liaw Chih‐Chuang , Lee Jin‐Ching 
Published: June 2015

Background and PurposeThis study was designed to evaluate the effect of betulinic acid (BA), extracted from Avicennia marina, on the replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and to investigate the mechanism of this BA‐mediated anti‐HCV activity.Experimental ApproachHCV replicon and infectious systems were used to evaluate the anti‐HCV activity of BA. Exogenous COX‐2 or knock‐down of COX‐2 expression was used to investigate the role of COX‐2 in the anti‐HCV activity of BA. The effects of BA on the phosphorylation of NF‐κB and on kinases in the MAPK signalling pathway were determined. The anti‐HCV activity of BA in combination with other HCV inhibitors was also determined to assess its use as an anti‐HCV supplement.Key ResultsBA inhibited HCV replication in both Ava5 replicon cells and in a cell culture‐derived infectious HCV particle system. Treatment with a combination of BA and IFN‐α, the protease inhibitor telaprevir or the NS5B polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir resulted in the synergistic suppression of HCV RNA replication. Exogenous overexpression of COX‐2 gradually attenuated the inhibitory effect of BA on HCV replication, suggesting that BA reduces HCV replication by suppressing the expression of COX‐2. In particular, BA down‐regulated HCV‐induced COX‐2 expression by reducing the phosphorylation of NF‐κB and ERK1/2 of the MAPK signalling pathway.Conclusions and ImplicationsBA inhibits HCV replication by suppressing the NF‐κB‐ and ERK1/2‐mediated COX‐2 pathway and may serve as a promising compound for drug development or as a potential supplement for use in the treatment of HCV‐infected patients.