bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver regeneration following experimental major hepatectomy with choledochojejunostomy
Authors: Takagi T , Yokoyama Y , Kokuryo T , Yamaguchi J , Nagino M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background
Surgical treatment for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma frequently involves hepatectomy and extrahepatic bile duct resection with a choledochojejunostomy (CJ). Cholangitis owing to bilioenteric anastomosis is a common complication. The impact of CJ or regurgitating cholangitis on the liver regeneration process after major hepatectomy is unknown.

Methods
Rats underwent 70 per cent hepatectomy (Hx group) or hepatectomy with CJ (Hx + CJ group). The intrahepatic inflammatory response, hepatic regeneration rate, and expression of regeneration-associated genes in the liver and blood were compared between these two groups.

Results
Levels of hepatobiliary markers in the blood were significantly higher 4 and 7 days after operation in the Hx + CJ group than the Hx group. Intrahepatic expression of inflammation-associated genes, such as interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis factor α, was also significantly higher in the Hx + CJ group on days 4 and 7. A progressive periportal inflammatory response was identified in the Hx + CJ group by histological examination. The hepatic regeneration rate was significantly lower in the Hx + CJ group than in the Hx group on day 2 (mean(s.d.) 14·2(6·3) versus 21·4(2·6) per cent; P = 0·013) and day 4 (32·4(5·3) versus 41·3(4·4) per cent; P = 0·004). Gene expression levels of hepatic regeneration-promoting factors such as hepatocyte growth factor were significantly lower in the Hx + CJ group than the Hx group on day 1.

Conclusion
CJ perturbs early liver regeneration after hepatectomy. An excessive inflammatory response in the liver and suppression of liver regeneration-associated factors may play a role. Surgical relevancePatients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma may need major hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection and choledochojejunostomy. This carries a substantial risk of postoperative complications including liver failure.A rat model of partial hepatectomy with choledochojejunostomy was established. The molecular mechanisms underlying liver regeneration, and perturbation of this process by duodenobiliary reflux via the choledochojejunostomy, are described.The results give insight into the pathophysiological events following major hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection and choledochojejunostomy. This may help to develop a treatment strategy to reduce postoperative liver failure.
Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A for treatment of Frey's syndrome: evidence from 22 published articles
Authors: Xie Shang , Wang Kan , Xu Tao , Guo Xue‐Sheng , Shan Xiao‐Feng , Cai Zhi‐Gang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFrey's syndrome (FS) is an unavoidable sequela following the surgery of the parotid gland. Although several treatment methods are available, their efficacy is short term or accompanied by unacceptable complications. In the past two decades, botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) has been widely used to treat FS. Although several systematic reviews have been reported recently, they were conflicting and with obvious deficiencies. Thus, we performed an objectively systematic review to determine whether BTXA is an effective and safe treatment for FS. A literature retrieval covering PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Embase and Cochrane library was performed on 16 January, 2015. Proportion meta‐analysis and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BXTA in treatment of FS. A total of 499 records were retrieved and 22 articles with 23 studies were included after scrutiny by two independent authors. Statistical analyses regarding the effective rate, incidence of complications were used to estimate the efficacy and safety of BTXA. Our results suggested that the effective rate of BTXA for treatment of FS is 98.5% (95% CI = 0.971–0.994) and the incidence of complication is 3.6% (95% CI = 0.017–0.061). In conclusion, our study supports that BTXA produces meaningful benefits on the treatment of patients with FS. However, owing to lack of strong evidence, future studies with well‐designed inclusion criteria and multicenter randomized controlled trials are needed to give more credible evidence, if possible.
Advances in molecular‐based personalized non‐small‐cell lung cancer therapy: targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and mechanisms of resistance
Authors: Jotte Robert M. , Spigel David R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMolecularly targeted therapies, directed against the features of a given tumor, have allowed for a personalized approach to the treatment of advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The reversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib had undergone turbulent clinical development until it was discovered that these agents have preferential activity in patients with NSCLC harboring activating EGFR mutations. Since then, a number of phase 3 clinical trials have collectively shown that EGFR‐TKI monotherapy is more effective than combination chemotherapy as first‐line therapy for EGFR mutation‐positive advanced NSCLC. The next generation of EGFR‐directed agents for EGFR mutation‐positive advanced NSCLC is irreversible TKIs against EGFR and other ErbB family members, including afatinib, which was recently approved, and dacomitinib, which is currently being tested in phase 3 trials. As research efforts continue to explore the various proposed mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR‐TKI therapy, agents that target signaling pathways downstream of EGFR are being studied in combination with EGFR TKIs in molecularly selected advanced NSCLC. Overall, the results of numerous ongoing phase 3 trials involving the EGFR TKIs will be instrumental in determining whether further gains in personalized therapy for advanced NSCLC are attainable with newer agents and combinations. This article reviews key clinical trial data for personalized NSCLC therapy with agents that target the EGFR and related pathways, specifically based on molecular characteristics of individual tumors, and mechanisms of resistance.
Carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 is a useful prognostic marker in esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tokunaga Ryuma , Imamura Yu , Nakamura Kenichi , Uchihara Tomoyuki , Ishimoto Takatsugu , Nakagawa Shigeki , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Baba Yoshifumi , Sakamoto Yasuo , Miyamoto Yuji , Yoshida Naoya , Oyama Shinichiro , Shono Takashi , Naoe Hideaki , Saeki Hiroshi , Oki Eiji , Watanabe Masayuki , Sasaki Yutaka , Maehara Yoshihiko , Baba Hideo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe incidence rate of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma has been rapidly increasing worldwide. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) are major serum tumor markers in gastrointestinal cancers. However, the role of these markers in EGJ adenocarcinoma has not been thoroughly investigated. A total of 211 patients with EGJ adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery or endoscopic submucosal dissection at two academic institutions, Kumamoto University Hospital or Kyushu University Hospital between January 1996 and March 2014, were eligible for this study. Serum CEA and CA19‐9 were examined within 1 month before resection. The cut‐off values for CEA and CA19‐9 were set at 5.0 ng/mL and 37 U/mL, respectively. The clinicopathological features and prognostic roles of the markers were examined using univariate and multivariate analyses. The positive ratios for preoperative CEA (>5.0 ng/mL) and CA19‐9 (>37 U/mL) were 20.3% and 12.9%, respectively. The positive ratio of CEA and CA19‐9 was significantly higher in patients with tumors invading muscular or deeper layers (P = 0.002 and <0.001, respectively). Cox proportional hazards model revealed that CA19‐9 positivity, but not CEA positivity, was an independent prognostic factor in patients with EGJ adenocarcinoma for cancer‐specific survival (multivariate hazard ratio [HR] = 3.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41–10.33; P = 0.010) and overall survival (multivariate HR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.03–5.35; P = 0.043). Preoperative serum CA19‐9 is a useful prognostic marker in patients with EGJ adenocarcinoma.
Computed modeling of alternating electric fields therapy for recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Lok Edwin , Hua Van , Wong Eric T. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTumor treating fields (TTFields) are alternating electric fields frequency tuned to 200 kHz for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. We report a patient treated with TTFields and determined the distribution of TTFields intracranially by computerized simulation using co‐registered postgadolinium T1‐weighted, T2, and MP RAGE images together with pre‐specified conductivity and relative permittivity values for various cerebral structures. The distribution of the electric fields within the brain is inhomogeneous. Higher field intensities were aggregated near the ventricles, particularly at the frontal and occipital horns. The recurred tumor was found distant from the primary glioblastoma and it was located at a site of relatively lower electric field intensity. Future improvement in TTFields treatment may need to take into account the inhomogeneity of the electric field distribution within the brain.
‘All Over Now?’ The Ongoing Relational Consequences of Domestic Abuse through Children's Contact Arrangements
Authors: Morrison Fiona 
Published: August 2015

The issue of child contact and domestic abuse has gained significant attention in recent years. Research highlights that domestic abuse may not end at the point of separation and the presence of children has been found to be a risk factor for continued abuse. This has raised questions about whether contact in the context of domestic abuse is safe for children and for women. This article presents findings from a qualitative study with 18 children aged eight to 14 years and 16 mothers who had experienced domestic abuse in Scotland. Participants were recruited from domestic abuse support services in both the voluntary and statutory sectors. The research found evidence of the continued abuse of women and children following parental separation that was linked to contact arrangements. Children's contact with their non‐resident fathers often took place amidst an absence of parental communication and cooperation, which was traced to domestic abuse. This left children responsible for navigating the complex and charged dynamic of their parents' relationship. Children reported this negatively, especially for their relationships with their parents. The article, therefore, highlights the importance of considering the impact of the on‐going relational consequences of domestic abuse when considering children's contact arrangements.‘The presence of children has been found to be a risk factor for continued abuse’Key Practitioner Messages

Domestic abuse may continue following parental separation, with children's contact becoming a central focus for continued abuse.
Low levels of parental communication and cooperation following separation may be traced to domestic abuse.
Poor parental relations negatively affect child contact.
‘Domestic abuse may continue following parental separation, with children's contact becoming a central focus for continued abuse’
Effects of perceptual and conceptual similarities on consumers' evaluations of copycat brand names
Authors: Qin Yao , Wen Na , Dou Wenyu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCopycats often choose brand names that mimic perceptual, conceptual, or both elements of leading brand names. Yet little is known about how perceptual and conceptual similarities of a copycat interact to affect consumers' evaluations, especially in logographic language systems (e.g., Chinese). Three laboratory experiments demonstrate that perceptual similarity alone leads to negative evaluations of copycat brand names; this negative effect, however, can be mitigated when conceptual similarity is added. The underlying mechanism for this effect can be traced to consumers' persuasion knowledge. Perceptual (vs. conceptual) similarity activates consumers' persuasion knowledge about the insincere motives of the copycat brand, which in turn shapes their brand evaluations. However, this effect can become less prominent when conceptual similarity is added because it alleviates use of persuasion knowledge, or when a consumer is in a happy mood because it neutralizes persuasion knowledge. These findings shed light on how different types of copycat strategies interact to affect copycat brand name evaluations and offer important implications for marketing practice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Rhizobium radiobacter Histidine Kinase Can Employ Both Boolean AND and OR Logic Gates to Initiate Pathogenesis
Authors: Fang Fang , Lin Yi‐Han , Pierce B. Daniel , Lynn David G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe molecular logic gates that regulate gene circuits are necessarily intricate and highly regulated, particularly in the critical commitments necessary for pathogenesis. We now report simple AND and OR logic gates to be accessible within a single protein receptor. Pathogenesis by the bacterium Rhizobium radiobacter is mediated by a single histidine kinase, VirA, which processes multiple small molecule host signals (phenol and sugar). Mutagenesis analyses converged on a single signal integration node, and finer functional analyses revealed that a single residue could switch VirA from a functional AND logic gate to an OR gate where each of two signals activate independently. Host range preferences among natural strains of R. radiobacter correlate with these gate logic strategies. Although the precise mechanism for the signal integration node requires further analyses, long‐range signal transmission through this histidine kinase can now be exploited for synthe‐ tic signaling circuits.
Aberrant right retroesophageal subclavian artery causing esophageal compression
Authors: Reynolds Ian , McGarry James , Mullett Hannan 
Published: August 2015

Key Clinical MessageDysphagia lusoria is present in 0.2–2.5% of the population representing the most common anomaly of the aortic arch (De Araújo et al., 2015, Int. J. Surg. Case Rep., 7, 32). It usually presents in infants, but can present at any age. Symptoms include cough, dysphagia, thoracic pain, and pulmonary infection. Barium contrast studies, CT, and MR angiography are useful studies for evaluating the condition. Dietary modification and PPI therapy are the first‐line treatments with surgical intervention reserved for those with ongoing symptoms (Janssen et al., 2000, Am. J. Gastroenterol., 95, 1411).
Rechargeable Zn/PEDOT Battery with an Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquid as the Electrolyte
Authors: Simons Tristan J. , Salsamendi Maitane , Howlett Patrick C. , Forsyth Maria , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Pozo‐Gonzalo Cristina 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA non‐aqueous secondary battery has been constructed by using Zn metal as the anode and chemically synthesised PEDOT as the cathode, with a 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide ionic liquid as the electrolyte, which avoids dendritic growth processes on the Zn surface upon charge/discharge cycling. The novel Zn/PEDOT rechargeable cell shows high efficiency and cycling ability, performing over 320 cycles with no indication of short circuit. Both the Zn and PEDOT surfaces showed minimal signs of degradation, suggesting that a Zn/PEDOT electrochemical device would be capable of extended cycle life under numerous charge/discharge cycles.
Theory of Microwell Arrays Performing as Generators–Collectors Based on a Single Bipolar Plane Electrode
Authors: Oleinick Alexander , Yan Jiawei , Mao Bingwei , Svir Irina , Amatore Christian 
Published: August 2015

AbstractElectroanalytical arrays of microwells with increased sensitivity and virtual immunity to interferents have been previously reported by us. Such arrays were designed to be operated in a classical generator–collector mode but exhibited also similar properties when their common planar collector was left floating. This evidenced that the unbiased collector acted as a bipolar electrode. In this work, a theory is elaborated to investigate in great detail the generality of this phenomenon and its limits. This establishes that if the analyte pertains to a redox couple with relatively fast electron rate constants, the bipolar collector results to be almost as efficient as when biased, thus suppressing the need for a bi‐potentiostat with obvious gain for analytical applications. Conversely, if the analyte rate constant of electron transfer is small, efficient operation in a bipolar mode remains feasible but requires a drastic decrease of the microwell density in the array.
Multiphase LiNi0.33Mn0.54Co0.13O2 Cathode Material with High Capacity Retention for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Nayak Prasant Kumar , Grinblat Judith , Levi Mikhael , Haik Ortal , Levi Elena , Kim Sangryun , Choi Jang Wook , Aurbach Doron 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn integrated layered‐spinel LiNi0.33Mn0.54Co0.13O2 material was synthesized through a self‐combustion reaction (SCR), characterized by using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. It was studied as a cathode material for Li‐ion batteries and its electrochemical performance was compared with that of the layered cathode material LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 when operated over a wide potential window. The Rietveld analysis of LiNi0.33Mn0.54Co0.13O2 indicated the presence of monoclinic Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2 (31 %) and rhombohedral (LiNixMnyCozO2) (62 %) phases as the major components, and the spinel (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4) (7 %) as a minor component, which is supported by TEM and electron diffraction analyses. A discharge specific capacity of about 170 mAh g−1 is obtained in the potential range of 2.3–4.9 V versus Li at low rate (C/10) with excellent capacity retention upon cycling. On the other hand, LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 (NMC111) synthesized through SCR exhibits an initial discharge capacity of about 208 mAh g−1 in the potential range of 2.3–4.9 V, which decreases to a value of 130 mAh g−1 after only 50 cycles. In turn, the multiphase structure of LiNi0.33Mn0.54Co0.13O2 seems to stabilize the behavior of this cathode material, even when polarized to high potentials. LiNi0.33Mn0.54Co0.13O2 shows superior retention of the average discharge voltage upon cycling, as compared to that of LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 when cycled over a wide potential range. Overall, LiNi0.33Mn0.54Co0.13O2 can be considered as a promising low‐cobalt‐content cathode material for Li‐ion batteries.
Reactivity of a Nickel(II) Bis(amidate) Complex withmeta‐Chloroperbenzoic Acid: Formation of a Potent Oxidizing Species
Authors: Corona Teresa , Pfaff Florian F. , Acuña‐Parés Ferran , Draksharapu Apparao , Whiteoak Christopher J. , Martin‐Diaconescu Vlad , Lloret‐Fillol Julio , Browne Wesley R. , Ray Kallol , Company Anna 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHerein, we report the formation of a highly reactive nickel–oxygen species that has been trapped following reaction of a NiIIprecursor bearing a macrocyclic bis(amidate) ligand withmeta‐chloroperbenzoic acid (HmCPBA). This compound is only detectable at temperatures below 250 K and is much more reactive toward organic substrates (i.e., CH bonds, CC bonds, and sulfides) than previously reported well‐defined nickel–oxygen species. Remarkably, this species is formed by heterolytic OO bond cleavage of a Ni–HmCPBA precursor, which is concluded from experimental and computational data. On the basis of spectroscopy and DFT calculations, this reactive species is proposed to be a NiIII–oxyl compound.
Drug Oxidation by Cytochrome P450BM3: Metabolite Synthesis and Discovering New P450 Reaction Types
Authors: Ren Xinkun , Yorke Jake A. , Taylor Emily , Zhang Ting , Zhou Weihong , Wong Luet Lok 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThere is intense interest in late‐stage catalytic CH bond functionalization as an integral part of synthesis. Effective catalysts must have a broad substrate range and tolerate diverse functional groups. Drug molecules provide a good test of these attributes of a catalyst. A library of P450BM3 mutants developed from four base mutants with high activity for hydrocarbon oxidation produced human metabolites of a panel of drugs that included neutral (chlorzoxazone, testosterone), cationic (amitriptyline, lidocaine) and anionic (diclofenac, naproxen) compounds. No single mutant was active for all the tested drugs but multiple variants in the library showed high activity with each compound. The high conversions enabled full product characterization that led to the discovery of the new P450 reaction type of oxidative decarboxylation of an α‐hydroxy carboxylic acid and the formation a protected imine from an amine, offering a novel route to α‐functionalization of amines. The substrate range and varied product profiles suggest that this library of enzymes is a good basis for developing late‐stage CH activation catalysts.
Modulation of a Molecular π‐Electron System in a Purely Organic Conductor that Shows Hydrogen‐Bond‐Dynamics‐Based Switching of Conductivity and Magnetism
Authors: Ueda Akira , Hatakeyama Akari , Enomoto Masaya , Kumai Reiji , Murakami Youichi , Mori Hatsumi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNew important aspects of the hydrogen‐bond (H‐bond)‐dynamics‐based switching of electrical conductivity and magnetism in an H‐bonded, purely organic conductor crystal have been discovered by modulating its tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)‐based molecular π‐electron system by means of partial sulfur/selenium substitution. The prepared selenium analogue also showed a similar type of phase transition, induced by H‐bonded deuterium transfer followed by electron transfer between the H‐bonded TTF skeletons, and the resulting switching of the physical properties; however, subtle but critical differences due to sulfur/selenium substitution were detected in the electronic structure, phase transition nature, and switching function. A molecular‐level discussion based on the crystal structures shows that this chemical modification of the TTF skeleton influences not only its own π‐electronic structure and π–π interactions within the conducting layer, but also the H‐bond dynamics between the TTF π skeletons in the neighboring layers, which enables modulation of the interplay between the H‐bond and π electrons to cause such differences.
A Designed TiO2/Carbon Nanocomposite as a High‐Efficiency Lithium‐Ion Battery Anode and Photocatalyst
Authors: Peng Liang , Zhang Huijuan , Bai Yuanjuan , Feng Yangyang , Wang Yu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHerein, a peapod‐like TiO2/carbon nanocomposite has successfully been synthesized by a rational method for the first time. The novel nanostructure exhibits a distinct feature of TiO2 nanoparticles encapsulated inside and the carbon fiber coating outside. In the synthetic process, H2Ti3O7 nanotubes serve as precursors and templates, and glucose molecules act as the green carbon source. With the alliciency of hydrogen bonding between H2Ti3O7 and glucose, a thin polymer layer is hydrothermally assembled and subsequently converted into carbon fibers through calcinations under an inert atmosphere. Meanwhile, the precursors of H2Ti3O7 nanotubes are transformed into the TiO2 nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon fibers. The achieved unique nanocomposites can be used as excellent anode materials in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and photocatalytic reagents in the degradation of rhodamine B. Due to the synergistic effect derived from TiO2 nanoparticles and carbon fibers, the obtained peapod‐like TiO2/carbon cannot only deliver a high specific capacity of 160 mAh g−1 over 500 cycles in LIBs, but also perform a much faster photodegradation rate than bare TiO2 and P25. Furthermore, owing to the low cost, environmental friendliness as well as abundant source, this novel TiO2/carbon nanocomposite will have a great potential to be extended to other application fields, such as specific catalysis, gas sensing, and photovoltaics.