bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low complexity timing estimation and resynchronization for asynchronous bidirectional communications with multiple antenna relay
Authors: Fang Zhaoxi , Liang Feng , Wang Zunyi , Chen Danjiang 
Published: January 2014

SummaryIn this paper, we consider an asynchronous bidirectional communication system over flat fading channels in which the two source nodes are not perfectly synchronized. A low complexity pilot aided timing estimation and resynchronization scheme is proposed to combat the fractional asynchronous delay between the two source nodes. In the proposed scheme, cyclic prefixed single carrier block transmission is implemented at the two sources and frequency domain orthogonal pilots are transmitted to the relay simultaneously. After timing and channel estimation at the relay, a fractionally spaced frequency domain equalizer is employed at the relay to resynchronize the received mixed signals. With the proposed resynchronization scheme, the data detection at the two sources is the same as in a perfect synchronized system, because the two asynchronous signals are already resynchronized at the relay node. Simulation results show that the performance gap between the proposed scheme and the perfect synchronized system is within 1 dB when there are four antennas at the relay. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Alkylation of Ph3PCHP(O)Ph2: Formation and Crystal Structures of Neutral and Cationic Addition Compounds
Authors: Petz Wolfgang , Neumüller Bernhard 
Published: January 2014

AbstractYlide Ph3PCHP(O)Ph2 (1) is the hydrolysis product of carbone C(PPh3)2 and reacts with MeI to produce the corresponding salt [Ph3PCH(Me)P(O)Ph2]I (2). Deprotonation of the cation of 2 with K[N(SiMe3)2] in methyl cyclohexane or toluene gives neutral ylide Ph3PCMeP(O)Ph2 (7). Addition of AlBr3 at the oxygen atom of 7 involves simultaneous uptake of a proton along with formation of [Ph3PCH(Me)P(OAlBr3)Ph2][AlBr4] (9). Small amounts of resultant proton bridged [H{Ph2(O)PCH(Me)PPh3}2][I3]3 (10) were isolated during attempts to silylate 2 with trimethylsilytriflate; the main product was found to be [Ph3PCH(Me)P(O)Ph2](O3SCF3) (8). In the course of our studies several by‐products with cation [Ph3PCH2P(O)Ph2]+ (4 to 6) were obtained. All compounds were characterized by multiple NMR and X‐ray analyses.
Organic–Inorganic Thin Films from TiCl4 and 4‐Aminophenol Precursors: A Model Case of ALD/MLD Hybrid‐Material Growth?
Authors: Sundberg Pia , Karppinen Maarit 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAtomic layer deposition (ALD) is a sophisticated thin‐film production technology for relatively simple inorganic materials based on sequential self‐saturated surface reactions. Combining ALD with molecular layer deposition (MLD) – a variant of ALD based on purely organic precursors – offers in principle an elegant way to fabricate 2D organic–inorganic hybrid materials in an atomic/molecular layer‐by‐layer manner. In practice, however, the ALD/MLD process has disadvantages such as being prone to unwanted double surface reactions of the organic precursor molecule, which may seriously hinder the ideal film growth. Here we report the deposition of (Ti–O–C6H4–N=)n thin films from precursors TiCl4 and 4‐aminophenol (AP) with the essentially ideal growth rate of 10–11 Å per ALD/MLD cycle. We attribute the steady growth of the Ti–AP hybrid to the following facts: (1) the AP molecule is heterobifunctional and consists of a stiff aromatic backbone; moreover, (2) the –Cl ligands in TiCl4 are small enough not to cause steric hindrance. The Ti–AP films deposited at 120–160 °C were stable in ambient air and of high quality, with a root‐mean‐square (rms) roughness of 0.2–0.3 nm, a refractive index of 1.86–1.91 and a density of 1.9–2.2 g/cm3.
A Divergent Enantioselective Synthesis of 9‐J1‐Phytoprostane and 9‐A1‐Phytoprostane Methyl Ester
Authors: Porta Alessio , Chiesa Francesco , Quaroni Marco , Persico Marco , Moratti Remigio , Zanoni Giuseppe , Vidari Giovanni 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe first syntheses of 9‐J1‐phytoprostane and 9‐A1‐phytoprostane methyl ester were achieved enantioselectively using a divergent approach from a common intermediate sulfone 4. The divergence was accomplished using a sigmatropic rearrangement (swap protocol) to give sulfone 5 in 47 % overall yield. The two upper side‐chains, with a stereodefined E double bond, were installed using consolidated Julia–Lythgoe olefination reactions of sulfones 4 and 5, with the same enantiopure α‐protected aldehyde 6.
Metal–Organocatalytic Tandem Azide Addition/Oxyamination of Aldehydes for the Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Amino α‐Hydroxy Esters
Authors: Shyam Pranab K. , Jang Hye‐Young 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe tandem reaction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with trimethylsilyl azide and 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yloxy in the presence of chiral amines and iron complexes as the catalysts in a one‐pot reaction enantioselectively afforded β‐azido α‐oxyaminated aldehydes. Further synthetic modification of the product afforded β‐amino α‐hydroxy esters in good yields with good diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
Fast Determination of Ciprofloxacin by Batch Injection Analysis with Amperometric Detection and Capillary Electrophoresis with Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection
Authors: Montes Rodrigo H. O. , Marra Mariana C. , Rodrigues Monike M. , Richter Eduardo M. , Muñoz Rodrigo A. A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe report fast, precise, selective, and sensitive electroanalytical methods for the determination of ciprofloxacin in milk and pharmaceutical samples by batch‐injection analysis with amperometric detection (BIA‐AMP) and by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively‐coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE‐C4D). Both methods required simple sample preparation protocols before analysis (milk samples were just diluted and tablets powdered and dissolved in electrolyte/water). The analytical features of BIA‐AMP and CE‐C4D methods include, respectively, low relative standard deviation values for repetitive measurements (2.8 % and 1.7 %, n=10), low detection limits (0.3 and 5.0 µmol L−1), elevated analytical frequency (80 and 120 h−1) and satisfactory accuracy (based on comparative determinations by HPLC and recovery values for spiked samples).
Electrochemical Determination of Organic Compounds in Automotive Fuels
Authors: Santos André L. , Takeuchi Regina M. , Muñoz Rodrigo A. A. , Angnes Lúcio , Stradiotto Nelson R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article critically reviews the electroanalytical methods devoted for the determination of organic compounds in automotive fuels that can range from contaminants to additives typically introduced into liquid biofuels and liquid fossil fuels. Contaminants such as aldehydes and ketones in bioethanol, free fatty acids and glycerol in biodiesel, and sulfur and nitrogen organic compounds in gasoline and diesel fuel, and additives such as colour markers and antioxidants added to fuels were determined by electroanalytical methods. Special focus is given to electrodes, electrochemical techniques, and sample preparation strategies. Future directions of research on electroanalysis of liquid fuels are presented.
Bioaccumulation of fullerene (C60) and corresponding catalase elevation in Lumbriculus variegatus
Authors: Wang Jiafan , Wages Mike , Yu Shuangying , Maul Jonathan D. , Mayer Greg , Hope-Weeks Louisa , Cobb George P. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Fullerene (C60), with its unique physical properties and nanometer size, has been mass-produced for many applications in recent decades. The increased likelihood of direct release into the environment has raised interest in understanding both the environmental fate and corresponding biological effects of fullerenes to living organisms. Because few studies have emphasized fullerene uptake and resulting biochemical responses by living organisms, a toxicity screening test and a 28-d bioaccumulation test for Lumbriculus variegatus were performed. No mortality was observed in the range of 0.05 mg C60/kg dry sediment to 11.33 mg C60/kg dry sediment. A biota-sediment accumulation factor of micron-sized fullerene agglomerates (µ-C60) was 0.032 ± 0.008 at day 28, which is relatively low compared with pyrene (1.62 ± 0.22). Catalase (CAT) activity, an oxidative stress indicator, was elevated significantly on day 14 for L. variegatus exposed to µ-C60 (p = 0.034). This peak CAT activity corresponded to the highest body residues observed in the present study, 199 ± 80 µg C60/kg dry weight sediment. Additionally, smaller C60 agglomerate size increased bioaccumulation potential in L. variegatus. The relationship between C60 body residue and the increased CAT activity followed a linear regression. All results suggest that C60 has a lower bioaccumulation potential than pyrene but a higher potential to induce oxidative stress in L. variegatus. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1135–1141. © 2014 SETAC
Unsustained complete response of less than 24 months after autologous stem cell transplantation predicts aggressive myeloma with short survival
Authors: Chim Chor Sang , Liu Herman , Lie Albert Kwok Wai , Chan Eric Yuk Tat , Ho Sandy , Wong Michael , Kwong Yok Lam 
Published: January 2014

AbstractComplete response (CR) predicts superior survivals in myeloma. To define the impact of duration of CR posttransplantation on survivals, 71 myeloma patients, who underwent an intended early (a staged approach) or frontline use of bortezomib‐based induction, followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) were studied. Achievement of CR was assessed every 4‐weekly until maximal response after ASCT and then 6‐weekly thereafter. All patients had follow‐up time of ≥24 months from time of best response, of whom 27 failed to attain CR (non‐CR) whereas 44 achieved CR. At 12, 18 and 24 months post‐ASCT, 3 (4.2%), 6 (8.4%) and 11 (15.4%) patients lost CR, respectively, with maximal survival difference observed in the group with CR durations of ≥24 or <24 months. Patients with unsustained CR had survival inferior to those never achieving CR (p = 0.05). Unsustained CR of <24 months was associated with international staging system stage III (p = 0.007) and shorter postrelapse survival (p < 0.001). Both overall survival and event‐free survival were superior in myeloma patients with CR of ≥24 months (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, international staging system stage I/II, CR/nCR post‐ASCT and CR duration of ≥24 months remained favourable prognostic factors for both overall survival and event‐free survival. In conclusion, CR of <24 months is an independent adverse risk factor for survival with a short postrelapse survival. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visual Attention and Attribute Attendance in Multi‐Attribute Choice Experiments
Authors: Balcombe Kelvin , Fraser Iain , McSorley Eugene 
Published: January 2014

SummaryDecision strategies in multi‐attribute choice experiments are investigated using eye‐tracking. The visual attention towards, and attendance of, attributes is examined. Stated attendance is found to diverge substantively from visual attendance of attributes. However, stated and visual attendance are shown to be informative, non‐overlapping sources of information about respondent utility functions when incorporated into model estimation. Eye‐tracking also reveals systematic nonattendance of attributes only by a minority of respondents. Most respondents visually attend most attributes most of the time. We find no compelling evidence that the level of attention is related to respondent certainty, or that higher or lower value attributes receive more or less attention. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microwave neural modeling for silicon FinFET varactors
Authors: Marinković Zlatica , Crupi Giovanni , Schreurs Dominique M. M.‐P. , Caddemi Alina , Marković Vera 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYThe FinFET architecture is currently attracting increasing attention to enable further downscaling of the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The interest towards the FinFET technology for microwave applications is not only limited to transistors but extended also to varactors. Therefore, there is a need for efficient and accurate varactor models in the high‐frequency range. In this paper, an artificial neural network‐based behavioral model of varactors fabricated in advanced FinFET technology is proposed. The model is developed and verified by comparing measured and simulated scattering parameters up to 50 GHz. The extracted model can reproduce very well the measured behavior of the tested varactor before and after applying the de‐embedding procedure based on open dummy structure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The correct account of nonzero differential conductance in the saturation regime in the MOSFET compact model
Authors: Turin Valentin , Zebrev Gennady , Makarov Sergey , Iñiguez Benjamin , Shur Michael 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYWe suggest a simple and versatile approach for the correct account of differential conductance in the saturation regime that provides a monotonic decrease of the differential conductance from its maximum value to its minimum positive or even negative value. We present all equations also in normalized form, which simplifies the analysis and usage of the approach. On the basis of the suggested approach, we have developed ‘internal’ (does not include source and drain resistance) metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistor compact model and have incorporated one into an Electronic Design Automation software Symica as Verilog‐A module. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How do heavy metal ATPases contribute to hyperaccumulation?
Authors: Park Won , Ahn Sung‐Ju 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPlants contain metal chelators and transporters that regulate metal homeostasis. The HMA3 and HMA4 genes encode proteins belonging to the PIB‐type. Recently, some studies on the characterization of the HMA2 gene from several plants for potential application in phytoremediation have been reported. This ATPase family of integral membrane transporter proteins that transport transition metals are probably involved in mediating metal‐resistant and metal‐hyperaccumulating traits. While HMA3 may contribute to metal detoxification by sequestering Cd into the vacuole, HMA4 acts as a physiological master switch during the process of metal hyperaccumulation, and HMA2 and HMA4 play roles in root to shoot metal translocation. The focus of this review is the discussion on the different functions of HMA3, HMA4, and HMA2 in various plant species. It is hypothesized that a refined distinction and description of the roles of several types of these metal transporters in plants will be essential for the development of schemes to genetically modify plants that accumulate specific metals, with subsequent use in either phytoremediation or in improving human nutrition. Enhanced expression of HMA3 and HMA4 is a prerequisite for hyperaccumulation and hyperresistance in hyperaccumulators. Through genetic engineering, these genes are able to generate nontoxic, metal‐free crops to produce safe food.
Invertase activity limits grain yield of maize under salt stress
Authors: Hütsch Birgit W. , Saqib Muhammad , Osthushenrich Tanja , Schubert Sven 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSalt stress reduces grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) due to poor kernel setting but not due to decreased grain filling. In the present study, it was tested whether acid invertase activity is decreased in developing kernels of maize under salt stress, and if assimilate supply is limited. The relatively salt‐sensitive maize hybrid Pioneer 3906 was compared with the more salt‐resistant hybrid SR 12. Salt stress caused a significant decrease in grain yield which was due to a 50% decrease in kernel number. No source limitation was observed, as the sucrose concentrations in kernels were significantly increased under salt stress for both genotypes. In contrast, glucose and fructose concentrations in kernels were significantly decreased. Salt stress caused a significant inhibition of soluble acid invertase activity to 19% in hydroponics 5 d after pollination (5 DAP) and to 50% in the soil culture experiment (2 DAP). The decrease in enzyme activity was the same for both genotypes. In the soil experiment, the highest soluble acid invertase activity was found 2 DAP with a steep decline until 8 DAP in Pioneer 3906. It is concluded that a decrease in acid invertase activity is a key factor associated with limited kernel setting under salt stress but additional factors may be responsible for genotypic differences.
Gender and ethnic disparities in colon cancer presentation and outcomes in a US universal health care setting
Authors: Amri Ramzi , Stronks Karien , Bordeianou Liliana G. , Sylla Patricia , Berger David L. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveAccess to care is a pillar of U.S. healthcare reform and could potentially challenge existing ethnic and gender disparities in care. We present a snapshot of these disparities in surgical colon cancer patients in the largest public hospital in Massachusetts, a state leading in providing universal healthcare, to indicate potential changes that might result from universal care access.MethodsAll surgical colon cancer patients at Massachusetts General Hospital (2004–2011) were included. Baseline characteristics, perioperative, and long‐term outcomes were compared.ResultsAmong 1,071 patients, the 110 (10.3%) minority patients presented with more comorbid (mean Charlson score 0.84 vs. 0.71; P = 0.039), metastatic (21.8% vs. 14%; P = 0.026), and node‐positive disease (50% vs. 38.8%; P = 0.014). Women (n = 521; 48.6%) had less screening diagnoses (overall: 17.8% vs. 22.6%; P = 0.049, screening age: 26.4% vs. 32.7%; P = 0.036) with subsequently higher rates of metastatic disease on pathology (11.3% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.02). Multivariate adjustment for baseline staging makes outcome disparities no longer statistically significant.ConclusionsSignificant gender and ethnic disparities subsist at baseline despite long‐standing low‐threshold healthcare access, although seemingly mitigated by enrollment into high‐level care, empowering equal chances for underprivileged groups. The outcomes are also a reminder that universal healthcare will not be a panacea for the deeply rooted and dynamic causes of presentation inequalities. J. Surg. Oncol 2014; 109:645–651. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of the Fear of Sleep Inventory (FOSI) in an Urban Young Adult African American Sample
Authors: Huntley Edward D. , Hall Brown Tyish S. , Kobayashi Ihori , Mellman Thomas A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Fear of Sleep Inventory (FOSI) was developed to identify factors that contribute to sleep disturbances in individuals exposed to trauma. This investigation examined the psychometric properties of the FOSI in a sample of African American young adults residing in urban areas. A 5‐factor structure was derived from an exploratory factor analysis and then verified by confirmatory factor analysis. FOSI factors were positively correlated with the severity of PTSD (rs = .30 to .58, all ps < .001) and insomnia symptoms (rs = .36 to .64, all ps < .001). Individuals with probable PTSD or insomnia had higher scores on the total FOSI and each of the factors compared to those without probable PTSD (all ps < .001; effect sizes: r = .32 to .62) or insomnia (all ps < .001; effect sizes: r = .42 to .70). These data expand the evidence that the FOSI identifies factors contributing to sleep disturbances in trauma‐exposed individuals.
Predictors of Treatment Engagement in Ethnically Diverse, Urban Children Receiving Treatment for Trauma Exposure
Authors: Fraynt Rebecca , Ross Leslie , Baker Bruce L. , Rystad Ida , Lee Janet , Briggs Ernestine C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractKeeping traditionally underrepresented children and their families engaged in treatment until completion is a major challenge for many community‐based mental health clinics. The current study used data collected as part of the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Core Data Set to examine whether racial/ethnic disparities exist in treatment duration and completion in children seeking treatment for trauma exposure. We then explored whether disparities persist after accounting for other variables associated with children's social contexts and the treatment setting. The sample included 562 ethnically diverse children receiving services from a child abuse prevention and treatment agency in Southern California. The results indicated that African American children had significantly shorter trauma‐informed treatment duration and higher rates of premature termination than Spanish‐speaking Latino children. These disparities persisted even with other variables associated with treatment duration and completion (e.g., child's age, level of functional impairment, and receipt of group and field services) in the model. Implications and future directions for research and practice are discussed.
The Hidden Effects of Child Maltreatment in a War Region: Correlates of Psychopathology in Two Generations Living in Northern Uganda
Authors: Olema David Kani , Catani Claudia , Ertl Verena , Saile Regina , Neuner Frank 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAdverse life experiences are a major risk factor for psychopathology. Studies from industrialized countries have consistently shown the detrimental effects of child maltreatment on the mental health of the victims. Research in war‐affected populations, however, has mostly been restricted to the psychological damage caused by the war. Both war trauma and child maltreatment have rarely been studied simultaneously. In a comparative study of 2 generations living in severely war‐affected regions in Northern Uganda, we determined the relationship between both trauma types and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and suicide ideation. A total of 100 adolescents, 50 with and 50 without a history of abduction by the rebel army with both their parents (100 mothers and 100 fathers) living in camps in northern Uganda were interviewed. The study showed that both generations were severely affected by war and child maltreatment. Both trauma types were independently correlated with psychological disorders in the adolescent group. Only child maltreatment, however, not war violence, accounted for PTSD symptoms in the parent group (β = .253, p = .002). We conclude that, even in the context of severe war, the impact of child maltreatment on psychological disorders surpasses the damage of war trauma.