bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and baseline characteristics of a population‐based study of eye disease in southern Chinese people: the Dongguan Eye Study
Authors: Meng Qianli , Cui Ying , Zhang Min , Zhang Lixin , Zhang Liang , Zhang Jinxin , Kuang Jian , Liu Qingyang , Zheng Yang , Luo Zhongling , Liu Huikun , Zhu Guoping , Cai Jingjing , Zhang Guanrong , Wen Xingxuan , Guo Haike 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo describe the study design, methodology and baseline characteristics of the Dongguan Eye Study.DesignPopulation‐based, cross‐sectional studyParticipantsA total of 8952 rural‐dwelling residents aged 40 years or older in Hengli, Dongguan.MethodsThe Dongguan Eye Study was conducted from September 2011 to February 2012. The interview covered demographic data, socio‐economic status and health‐ and vision‐related quality of life. Physical measurements included height, weight, waist and hip circumference, heart rate and blood pressure. Laboratory tests included fasting blood glucose, haemoglobin A1c, oral glucose tolerance, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid. Ophthalmic examinations included visual acuity and autorefraction testing, intraocular pressure measurement, slit‐lamp examination, ocular biometry, gonioscopy, fundus photography, retinal nerve fibre layer imaging and visual field testing.Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalence and risk factors for visual impairment, blindness, eye diseases and their associations with systemic medical indicators or health‐related lifestyles, as well as epidemiological data on diabetic subjects. Methodology, response rates and baseline characteristics are presented.ResultsOf the 11 357 individuals eligible for the Dongguan Eye Study, 8952 (78.82%) subjects participated. All participants were self‐identified Han Chinese. The average age was 54.0 years, 59.9% were female, 48.4% were farmers and 77.2% had elementary or junior middle school educational levels. The average body mass index and waist–hip ratio were 24.6 ± 3.9 kg/m2 and 0.9 ± 0.2.ConclusionsData from the Dongguan Eye Study provide information concerning the prevalence, risk factors and impacts of eye diseases in rural residents undergoing urbanization in southern China.
Early evolution of the hyperdiverse rove beetle tribe Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) and a revision of its higher classification
Authors: Brunke Adam J. , Chatzimanolis Stylianos , Schillhammer Harald , Solodovnikov Alexey 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe rove beetle tribe Staphylinini (Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) is a monophyletic lineage of over 5500 relatively large and charismatic species, yet its higher classification remains deeply rooted in historical concepts. Despite recent progress toward inferring phylogenetic relationships within this group using morphological and molecular datasets, relationships among taxa that were united under a polyphyletic “Quediina” remain largely unknown. To infer these relationships, we analysed a six‐gene dataset (4370 bp) using parsimony and model‐based analyses and the results were placed in the context of morphology. While all genes contributed synapomorphies for major lineages or relationships between them, carbamoyl synthetase (CAD), topoisomerase I (TP) and wingless (Wg) were the most informative. TP was generally most informative at the level of subtribe, Wg above this level and CAD throughout the tree. The monophyly of Staphylinini was strongly supported and analyses support seven clades that correspond to higher taxonomic levels, four of which are formally described as subtribes here: Acylophorina stat. rev., Cyrtoquediina new subtribe, Erichsoniina new subtribe and Indoquediina new subtribe. The majority of Staphylinini taxa were recovered within a well‐supported “northern hemisphere clade” that is weakly represented in the southern hemisphere. The composition and morphological diagnosis of the “Staphylinini propria” clade are revised, and the pronotum shape historically associated with this group is shown to have evolved multiple times elsewhere in Staphylinini. The genus Stevensia is moved from Staphylinina to Acylophorina based on morphological evidence. Cyrtoquedius stat. nov., previously a subgenus of Quedius, is raised to the genus level. The following 32 new combinations (from Quedius) are proposed: Cyrtoquedius anthracinus (Solsky); C. arrogans (Sharp); C. basiventris (Sharp); C. bolivianus (Sharp); C. bruchi (Bernhauer); C. clypealis (Sharp); C. concolor (Sharp); C. flavicaudus (Sharp); C. flavinasis (Bernhauer); C. frenatus (Erichson); C. graciliventris (Sharp); C. jacobi (Scheerpeltz); C. jocosus (Sharp); C. labiatus (Erichson); C. laeviventris (Bernhauer); C. mexicanus (Sharp); C. ochropygus (Bernhauer); C. ogloblini (Bernhauer); C. ornatocollis (Bierig); C. protensus (Sharp); C. rufinasus (Sharp); C. verecundus (Sharp); C. verres (Smetana); Indoquedius borneensis (Cameron); I. dispersepunctatus (Scheerpeltz); I. javanus (Cameron); I. malaisei (Scheerpeltz); I. micantiventris (Scheerpeltz); I. parallelicollis (Scheerpeltz); I. philippinus (Cameron); I. recticollis (Scheerpeltz); and I. sanguinipennis (Scheerpeltz). Cyrtoquedius verres is recorded from the state of Georgia (USA) for the first time, which, together with its transfer from Quedius, extends the distribution of the Cyrtoquediina significantly northward into the Nearctic.
INFORMAL LABOR MARKETS AND ON‐THE‐JOB TRAINING: EVIDENCE FROM WAGE DATA
Authors: Cano‐Urbina Javier 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study examines whether informal sector jobs are a source of training for young less‐educated workers. Controlling for worker and job characteristics, it is found that, in the early years of workers' careers in Mexico, wage growth in the informal sector is higher than in the formal sector. This result is consistent with general human capital investment on‐the‐job if the informal labor market is more competitive than the formal labor market due to frictions generated by labor regulations. (JEL O17, J24, J310)
A robust and representative lower bound on object processing speed in humans
Authors: Bieniek Magdalena M. , Bennett Patrick J. , Sekuler Allison B. , Rousselet Guillaume A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHow early does the brain decode object categories? Addressing this question is critical to constrain the type of neuronal architecture supporting object categorization. In this context, much effort has been devoted to estimating face processing speed. With onsets estimated from 50 to 150 ms, the timing of the first face‐sensitive responses in humans remains controversial. This controversy is due partially to the susceptibility of dynamic brain measurements to filtering distortions and analysis issues. Here, using distributions of single‐trial event‐related potentials (ERPs), causal filtering, statistical analyses at all electrodes and time points, and effective correction for multiple comparisons, we present evidence that the earliest categorical differences start around 90 ms following stimulus presentation. These results were obtained from a representative group of 120 participants, aged 18–81, who categorized images of faces and noise textures. The results were reliable across testing days, as determined by test–retest assessment in 74 of the participants. Furthermore, a control experiment showed similar ERP onsets for contrasts involving images of houses or white noise. Face onsets did not change with age, suggesting that face sensitivity occurs within 100 ms across the adult lifespan. Finally, the simplicity of the face–texture contrast, and the dominant midline distribution of the effects, suggest the face responses were evoked by relatively simple image properties and are not face specific. Our results provide a new lower benchmark for the earliest neuronal responses to complex objects in the human visual system.
Absence of direction‐specific cross‐modal visual–auditory adaptation in motion‐onset event‐related potentials
Authors: Grzeschik Ramona , Lewald Jörg , Verhey Jesko L. , Hoffmann Michael B. , Getzmann Stephan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAdaptation to visual or auditory motion affects within‐modality motion processing as reflected by visual or auditory free‐field motion‐onset evoked potentials (VEPs, AEPs). Here, a visual–auditory motion adaptation paradigm was used to investigate the effect of visual motion adaptation on VEPs and AEPs to leftward motion‐onset test stimuli. Effects of visual adaptation to (i) scattered light flashes, and motion in the (ii) same or in the (iii) opposite direction of the test stimulus were compared. For the motion‐onset VEPs, i.e. the intra‐modal adaptation conditions, direction‐specific adaptation was observed – the change‐N2 (cN2) and change‐P2 (cP2) amplitudes were significantly smaller after motion adaptation in the same than in the opposite direction. For the motion‐onset AEPs, i.e. the cross‐modal adaptation condition, there was an effect of motion history only in the change‐P1 (cP1), and this effect was not direction‐specific – cP1 was smaller after scatter than after motion adaptation to either direction. No effects were found for later components of motion‐onset AEPs. While the VEP results provided clear evidence for the existence of a direction‐specific effect of motion adaptation within the visual modality, the AEP findings suggested merely a motion‐related, but not a direction‐specific effect. In conclusion, the adaptation of veridical auditory motion detectors by visual motion is not reflected by the AEPs of the present study.
Determination of the critical absolute blood volume for intradialytic morbid events
Authors: Kron Susanne , Schneditz Daniel , Leimbach Til , Czerny Jutta , Aign Sabine , Kron Joachim 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe reduction of blood volume below a critical threshold is assumed to trigger intradialytic morbid events (IME). Recently, we presented a simple method to determine the absolute blood volume during routine hemodialysis (HD) carried out without blood sampling and without injection of dyes or radiolabeled markers. Such information could be used to detect excessive volume reduction during HD and to prevent IME. Therefore, we performed a pilot study in IME‐prone patients to identify the absolute blood volume at which they developed clinical symptoms. A volume of 240 mL of ultrapure dialysate was automatically infused into the extracorporeal circulation using the bolus function of a commercial online hemodiafiltration machine incorporating a blood volume monitor (BVM). The increase in relative blood volume (RBV) caused by the infusion was measured and used to determine the absolute blood volume at that time. The blood volume per kilogram body mass at the time of symptomatic IME was also determined. All IME‐prone patients of a single‐dialysis center were included in the study. Ten out of 12 patients became symptomatic at a specific blood volume between 65 and 56 mL/kg (mean 62 mL/kg) whereas RBV showed a wide scatter (82–97%). A specific blood volume of 65 mL/kg seems to represent the threshold for IME by this method. The technique could be completely automated without altering the hardware of the dialysis device. Present feedback systems for automated blood volume‐controlled ultrafiltration could be adapted to maintain absolute blood volume above this critical volume to safely prevent volume‐dependent IME.
A Survey of Headache Medicine Specialists on Career Satisfaction and Burnout
Authors: Evans Randolph W. , Ghosh Kamalika 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundPhysicians report increasing rates of career dissatisfaction and professional burnout, which may be related to the practice environment and subspecialty. There has never been a survey of professional burnout among headache medicine specialists.ObjectivesThe aim of the present survey was to learn more about how headache medicine physicians are affected by these issues.MethodsAn email survey was sent to 749 physician members of the American Headache Society with questions or statements about demographics, professional quality of life and satisfaction, future practice plans, and professional burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory.ResultsIn a sample of 127 headache medicine specialists, 66 (57.4%) physicians reported symptoms of professional burnout reflected by high Emotional Exhaustion and/or high Depersonalization. There is widespread dissatisfaction with work schedules, government regulations, implementation of the Affordable Care Act, insurance company policies, malpractice concerns, patient telephone calls, and compensation. Sixty‐two percent of respondents concur that headache medicine is becoming more complicated without patient benefit, 14% concur that headache medicine specialists are fairly compensated, and 59% would go into headache medicine again if they were fourth year medical students. In the next 1 to 3 years, 21.3% plan to cut back on hours, 14.2% plan to cut back on patients seen, and 12.6% plan to switch to a cash practice. Medicine and healthcare are changing in such a way that 33.9% concur that they will accelerate their retirement plans.ConclusionsHeadache medicine specialists have one of the highest rates of burnout compared to other physician specialists, which is twice the rate of working adults. Physicians’ age and practice environment and experience are related with their career satisfaction and professional burnout. Some attributes of career satisfaction can decrease burnout by reducing emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and by enhancing personal accomplishment. There is widespread dissatisfaction with the practice environment. These findings may portend decreasing access to headache medicine specialists in the future if specialists cut back on hours and patients seen, accelerate their retirement plans, and fewer neurologists are attracted to headache medicine.
Deformation and fracture of K3 rotary nickel–titanium endodontic instruments after clinical use
Authors: Shen S. M. , Deng M. , Wang P. P. , Chen X. M. , Zheng L. W. , Li H. L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimThe aim was to evaluate the incidence and type of defects that occurred with K3 rotary nickel–titanium instruments during routine clinical use.MethodologyA total of 2397 K3 (G‐PACKS, SybronEndo, West Collins, Orange, CA, USA) instruments were collected from a graduate endodontic clinic over 21 months. All the instruments were limited to a maximum use of 30 canal preparations. The collected instruments were measured by a digital caliper to determine whether any fractures had occurred and then were visually inspected for deformation and fracture under a stereomicroscope. The surfaces of fractured instruments were further evaluated under a scanning electron microscope. Data were analysed using chi‐square test and Kruskal–Wallis test.ResultsThe incidence of instrument defect was 5.63%, consisting of 3.59% fractures and 2.05% deformations. The defect rates of 0.04 and 0.06 files were statistically higher than the other taper groups (P < 0.003) except for 0.08 files (P > 0.05). For the fractured instruments, 63.95% failed from flexural fatigue, whilst 36.05% failed from torsion.ConclusionFlexural fracture was the major mode of fracture for instruments with larger taper. A routine check for instrument integrity particularly for 0.04 and 0.06 files at high magnification is recommended after each clinical use.
High Reactive MgO‐Y2O3 Nanopowders via Microwave Combustion Method and Sintering Behavior
Authors: Sun Haibin , Zhang Yujun , Li Teng , Gong Hongyu , Li Qisong 
Published: October 2015

To decrease the sintering temperature of MgO‐Y2O3 composites to avoid undesired grain coarsening, high reactive MgO‐Y2O3 nanopowders were synthesized via microwave combustion method. The degree of combustion was enhanced effectively by adding an extra oxidant ammonium nitrate. The as‐synthesized MgO‐Y2O3 nanopowders, ~18 nm in size, showed high specific surface area of 64.55 m2/g and low agglomeration. Relative density of 98% was obtained when sintered at a low sintering temperature of 1350°C. The high reactivity can be attributed to the lower activation energy Q (131.13 kJ/mol), compared with samples without extra oxidant (192.97 kJ/mol).
Screening for infertility‐related stress at the time of initial infertility consultation: psychometric properties of a brief measure
Authors: Casu Giulia , Gremigni Paola 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo develop and psychometrically test a brief self‐report to assess the amount of infertility‐related stress; to investigate how infertility‐related stress was associated to socio‐demographics, causes of infertility and emotional distress.BackgroundInfertility exerts a stress effect on both personal and interpersonal areas. Due to the burden of multiple assessments in fertility clinics, there is the need for very brief and easy to administer measures of the stressful impact of infertility on the intrapersonal and interpersonal life domains.DesignThe study had a psychometric, cross‐sectional design.MethodBetween January ‐ December 2013, a total of 597 Italian infertile patients (58·6% women), recruited at the time of initial infertility consultation, completed the Infertility‐Related Stress Scale. A subsample of 200 participants (50% women) also completed self‐reports of anxiety and depression. A subsample of 40 patients completed again the Infertility‐Related Stress Scale at a 4‐week follow‐up visit.ResultsConfirmatory factor analyses supported the proposed two‐factor model of infertility stress affecting intrapersonal and interpersonal life domains. Both dimensions showed good reliability and were associated in expected ways with emotional distress. Patients with above‐threshold levels of anxiety and depression showed higher infertility stress in both domains and particularly in the intrapersonal area. Infertility stress was significantly higher in women than in men in the intrapersonal domain.ConclusionThe Infertility‐Related Stress Scale showed evidence of validity and reliability. This new, brief self‐report can assist fertility clinic staff in identifying those patients who need support to overcome the stressful impact of infertility on intrapersonal and interpersonal domains.
Relational job characteristics and nurses’ affective organizational commitment: the mediating role of work engagement
Authors: Santos Alda , Chambel Maria José , Castanheira Filipa 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo study work engagement as a mediator of the associations between relational job characteristics and nurses’ affective commitment to the hospital.BackgroundEarlier research has shown that work engagement mediates the relationship between job resources and affective organizational commitment. However, relational job characteristics, which may be job resources, have not been studied or examined in relation to work engagement and affective organizational commitment in the nursing profession.DesignThis study uses a correlational survey design and an online survey for data collection.MethodData for this correlational study were collected by survey over months (2013) from a sample of 335 hospital nurses. Measures included Portuguese translations of the Relational Job Characteristics’ Psychological Effects Scale, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the Affective Organizational Commitment Scale.ResultsData analysis supports a full mediation model where relational job characteristics explained affective commitment to the hospital through nurses’ work engagement.ConclusionsRelational job characteristics contribute to nurses’ work engagement, which in turn contributes to affective organizational commitment.
Annual Research Review: Building a science of personalized intervention for youth mental health
Authors: Ng Mei Yi , Weisz John R. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundWithin the past decade, health care service and research priorities have shifted from evidence‐based medicine to personalized medicine. In mental health care, a similar shift to personalized intervention may boost the effectiveness and clinical utility of empirically supported therapies (ESTs). The emerging science of personalized intervention will need to encompass evidence‐based methods for determining which problems to target and in which order, selecting treatments and deciding whether and how to combine them, and informing ongoing clinical decision‐making through monitoring of treatment response throughout episodes of care. We review efforts to develop these methods, drawing primarily from psychotherapy research with youths. Then we propose strategies for building a science of personalized intervention in youth mental health.FindingsThe growing evidence base for personalizing interventions includes research on therapies adapted for specific subgroups; treatments targeting youths’ environments; modular therapies; sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trials; measurement feedback systems; meta‐analyses comparing treatments for specific patient characteristics; data‐mining decision trees; and individualized metrics.ConclusionThe science of personalized intervention presents questions that can be addressed in several ways. First, to evaluate and organize personalized interventions, we propose modifying the system used to evaluate and organize ESTs. Second, to help personalizing research keep pace with practice needs, we propose exploiting existing randomized trial data to inform personalizing approaches, prioritizing the personalizing approaches likely to have the greatest impact, conducting more idiographic research, and studying tailoring strategies in usual care. Third, to encourage clinicians’ use of personalized intervention research to inform their practice, we propose expanding outlets for research summaries and case studies, developing heuristic frameworks that incorporate personalizing approaches into practice, and integrating personalizing approaches into service delivery systems. Finally, to build a richer understanding of how and why treatments work for particular individuals, we propose accelerating research to identify mediators within and across RCTs, to isolate mechanisms of change, and to inform the shift from diagnoses to psychopathological processes. This ambitious agenda for personalized intervention science, although challenging, could markedly alter the nature of mental health care and the benefit provided to youths and families.