bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A genealogy of therapeutic community ideas: the influence of the Frankfurt School with a particular focus on Herbert Marcuse and Eric Fromm
Authors: Winship Gary 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to construct a genealogy of therapeutic communities (TCs), with the espoused commitment to flattened hierarchies and democratic ideologies, the paper considers the lineage of the Frankfurt School of Social Research and its influence in setting a frame for TC ideology, with a particular focus on Herbert Marcuse and Eric Fromm. This genealogy provides further context to the contribution of two other key Frankfurters, Karl Mannheim and Michael Foulkes, who progressed therapeutic democracy in the UK and shaped the early days of the TC as a group-based treatment paradigm.

Design/methodology/approach
– Discourse analysis and collective biography based on biographical details, texts and witness accounts.

Findings
– The works of Marcuse and Fromm provide a hybrid psychosocial post-Freudian schemas that beckoned philosophic reconciliation between the state and the personal psyche culminating in new left psychoanalytic academic sectors. Eric Fromm's contribution is situated squarely in the clinical sphere in the USA dating from the 1930s after he fled from Germany and settled in the USA where he became a well-known lecturer at Chestnut Lodge during a time when it was developing its approach under the rubric of “milieu therapy”. Marcuse's influence on psychiatry is tracked through the development of ideas and writings emerging from his reading of Freud, finally intersecting with the emergence of TCs and anti-psychiatry when he delivered the keynote address at the Dialectics of Liberation Conference in London in 1967. Held at the height of the first generation of TCs, Joe Berke, R.D. Laing and colleagues considered Marcuse as someone to headline the Dialectics Conference because; “Marcuse was the Grandpapa of Flower Power” (Joe Berke said).

Originality/value
– A rapprochement between milieu therapy in the USA, influenced by Fromm and Marcuse and the European tradition of TCs, influenced by Mannheim and Foulkes is demonstrated. The Frankfurt Institute of Social Research can be seen as an ideological corner that transcends Atlantic divides, and provides a sturdy and lasting intellectual cornerstone for the history of ideas in the field of social psychiatry.
Role of herpes simplex virus 1 Us3 in viral neuroinvasiveness
Authors: Koyanagi Naoto , Imai Takahiko , Arii Jun , Kato Akihisa , Kawaguchi Yasushi 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTUs3 is a serine–threonine protein kinase that is encoded by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‐1). In experimental animal models of HSV infection, peripheral and intracranial inoculations can be used to study viral pathogenicity in peripheral sites (e.g., eyes and vagina) and central nervous systems (CNSs), respectively. In addition, peripheral inoculation can be used to investigate this virus' ability to invade the CNS (neuroinvasiveness) from peripheral sites. HSV‐1 Us3 has previously been shown to be critical for viral pathogenicity in both peripheral sites and CNSs of mice. However, the role of HSV‐1 Us3 in viral neuroinvasiveness has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, the yields of a Us3 null mutant virus and its repaired virus in the eyes, trigeminal ganglia, and brains of mice following ocular inoculation were examined. It was found that, although the repaired virus appeared in the brains of mice 3 days after infection, peak replication occurring 7 days after infection, no viral replication of the Us3 null mutant virus was detectable. These findings indicate that HSV‐1 Us3 plays a crucial role in the ability of the virus to invade the brain from the eyes. Thus, HSV‐1 Us3 is a significant neuroinvasiveness factor in vivo.
The aging signature: a hallmark of induced pluripotent stem cells?
Authors: Rohani Leili , Johnson Adiv A. , Arnold Antje , Stolzing Alexandra 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe discovery that somatic cells can be induced into a pluripotent state by the expression of reprogramming factors has enormous potential for therapeutics and human disease modeling. With regard to aging and rejuvenation, the reprogramming process resets an aged, somatic cell to a more youthful state, elongating telomeres, rearranging the mitochondrial network, reducing oxidative stress, restoring pluripotency, and making numerous other alterations. The extent to which induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)s mime embryonic stem cells is controversial, however, as iPSCs have been shown to harbor an epigenetic memory characteristic of their tissue of origin which may impact their differentiation potential. Furthermore, there are contentious data regarding the extent to which telomeres are elongated, telomerase activity is reconstituted, and mitochondria are reorganized in iPSCs. Although several groups have reported that reprogramming efficiency declines with age and is inhibited by genes upregulated with age, others have successfully generated iPSCs from senescent and centenarian cells. Mixed findings have also been published regarding whether somatic cells generated from iPSCs are subject to premature senescence. Defects such as these would hinder the clinical application of iPSCs, and as such, more comprehensive testing of iPSCs and their potential aging signature should be conducted.
Wildlife consumption and recall accuracy – but is it recall of hunting, of cooking or of eating?
Authors: Newing H. , St. John F. A. V. 
Published: November 2013

Read the Feature Paper: Assessing the accuracy of interviewed recall for rare, highly seasonal events: the case of wildlife consumption in MadagascarOther Commentaries on this paper: Unusual data in conservation science: searching for validationResponse from the authors: Practical directions for the use of recall data in conservation science
Overweight and obese children have lower cortisol levels than normal weight children
Authors: Kjölhede E Allansson , Gustafsson PE , Gustafsson PA , Nelson N 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimThe stress hormone cortisol is vital to survival, and a disturbed circadian rhythm can be deleterious to health. However, little is known about cortisol levels in healthy children. The aim of this study was to examine cortisol levels in relation to body mass index (BMI), age and sex.MethodsSalivary samples were collected in early morning, late morning and evening, on four consecutive days, from 342 children aged 6–12 years using Salivette® tubes. Samples were analysed using a commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA). School nurses measured the children's height and weight, and these measurements were used to calculate their BMI.ResultsThe children displayed a circadian rhythm in cortisol secretion, with morning zeniths and evening nadirs. Average cortisol levels in early morning, late morning and evening were significantly lower in overweight and obese children than in their normal weight counterparts. Cortisol levels did not vary significantly with age or sex.ConclusionOur findings may suggest cortisol suppression in overweight and obese children. We found no evidence that sex or age influences cortisol levels. These findings highlight the need for further research on the relationship between stress and obesity in children.
Captopril and Lisinopril Only Inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) Activity at Millimolar Concentrations
Authors: Kuntze Luciana B. , Antonio Raquel C. , Izidoro‐Toledo Tatiane C. , Meschiari Cesar A. , Tanus‐Santos Jose E. , Gerlach Raquel F. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) shares structural similarities with the angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE). ACE inhibitors have been described to inhibit MMP‐2, but this inhibitory potential was not shown using a highly purified MMP‐2. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory potential of captopril and lisinopril regarding MMP‐2 activity. The first objective was to test the potential of captopril to change the pH of the buffer solution. The second objective was to test the direct inhibitory effect of captopril and lisinopril on plasma MMP‐2 and on recombinant human MMP‐2 (rhMMP‐2). The in vitro activity assays included gelatin zymography and a fluorimetric assay. Captopril solubilization significantly decreased the pH of the 50 mM Tris buffer solution at the following concentrations: 2 mM (p < 0.05), 4 mM and 8 mM (p < 0.01), while only the 8 mM lisinopril induced a drop in pH (p < 0.05). Thus, only 200 mM buffer solutions were used. Zymography results of plasma MMP‐2 and rhMMP‐2 showed that inhibition only happened at captopril concentrations ≥ 4 and 1 mM, respectively (p < 0.05), while only the higher concentration of lisinopril (8 mM) inhibited plasma MMP‐2 (p < 0.05). In the fluorimetric assay, captopril led to significant inhibition of the rhMMP‐2 activity at concentrations ≥2 mM (p < 0.01), whereas aminophenylmercuric acetate‐activated rhMMP‐2 was inhibited by 0.5 mM captopril (p < 0.01). The captopril and lisinopril concentrations found to inhibit MMP‐2 are 3 orders of magnitude higher than those present in vivo after drug administration. We also discuss possible pitfalls for gelatinase inhibitory assays (besides the obvious pH problem already cited). In conclusion, this study's data show that captopril and lisinopril did not inhibit MMP‐2 directly at the concentrations reached in vivo.
The relationship between post‐traumatic symptom severity and object relations deficits in persons with schizophrenia
Authors: Chapleau Kristine M. , Bell Morris D. , Lysaker Paul H. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine if object relations deficits in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (i.e., schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder) are related to co‐morbid post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).DesignCross‐sectional and correlational.MethodPositive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, and Bell Object Relations Inventory were administered to 60 people with schizophrenia in an outpatient setting. With four hierarchical regressions, we hypothesized that, controlling for schizophrenia symptoms, diagnosis type, and potential demographic features, PTSD symptoms would correlate with each of the four types of object relations deficits.ResultsAll participants reported experiencing at least one traumatic experience. As predicted, PTSD symptoms were a significant predictor of alienation, insecure attachment, and egocentricity controlling for schizophrenia symptoms, diagnosis type, and demographic features. Against prediction, PTSD was not associated with Social Incompetence.ConclusionIf PTSD symptoms contribute to object relations deficits in persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, then interventions such as psychotherapy need to be developed to address PTSD symptoms in the treatment of these interpersonal deficits.Practitioner pointsClinical implications

Post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms, rather than schizophrenia itself, may explain increased problems with schizophrenia patients' alienation, egocentricity, and insecure attachment.

Interventions such as psychotherapy need to be further developed to address PTSD symptoms as well as schizophrenia symptoms in this patient population.

Limitations

Participants were primarily male and middle‐aged, and many years had passed since the onset of their illness. Replication is needed with diverse settings and participants, including women and persons in earlier phases of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

One self‐report measure was used to estimate object relations deficits, a complex construct that may be difficult to measure accurately.

This research is correlational and causation cannot be presumed.
Exploring new potentials of blogs for learning: Can children use blogs for personal information management (PIM)?
Authors: Yeo Hwan‐Ik , Lee Yekyung Lisa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study explores the use of blogs for personal information management (PIM) as a learning tool that could bring increased efficiency and academic self‐efficacy for carrying out learning tasks. In order to identify the uses and effects of using blogs for PIM by children, a control group that used personal spaces within the class website and an experiment group that used personal blogs both posted their resources online (personal space within class website or blog) to use in their class assignments. Comparison of both groups demonstrate that when children used blogs for PIM their academic their self‐efficacy increased, their personalization of blogs made it easier to use collected resources and they became more actively engaged in tasks as well. This study suggests that using individual blogs for PIM can create personally meaningful contexts of learning for children.
Effects of Janus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib on circulating serum amyloid A and interleukin-6 during treatment for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Migita K , Izumi Y , Jiuchi Y , Kozuru H , Kawahara C , Izumi M , Sakai T , Nakamura M , Motokawa S , Nakamura T , Kawakami A 
Published: November 2013

Summary
The Janus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib is currently being investigated as a disease-modifying agent in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated the in-vivo effects of tofacitinib treatment for 4 weeks on elevated circulating acute-phase serum amyloid (SAA) levels in 14 Japanese patients with RA. SAA levels fell from 110·5 ± 118·5 μg/ml (mean ± standard deviation) at treatment initiation to 15·3 ± 13·3 μg/ml after 4 weeks treatment with tofacitinib. The reduction in SAA levels was greater in patients receiving tofacitinib plus methotrexate compared with those receiving tofacitinib monotherapy. Tofacitinib was also associated with reduced serum interleukin (IL)-6, but had no effect on serum levels of soluble IL-6 receptor. Patients were divided into groups with adequate (normalization) and inadequate SAA responses (without normalization). Serum IL-6 levels were reduced more in the group with adequate SAA response compared with those with inadequate SAA response. These results suggest that tofacitinib down-regulates the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-6, accompanied by reduced serum SAA levels in patients with active RA. The ability to regulate elevated serum IL-6 and SAA levels may explain the anti-inflammatory activity of tofacitinib.
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of development underlying congenital diseases
Authors: Hashimoto Masakazu , Morita Hitoshi , Ueno Naoto 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn the last several decades, developmental biology has clarified the molecular mechanisms of embryogenesis and organogenesis. In particular, it has demonstrated that the “tool‐kit genes” essential for regulating developmental processes are not only highly conserved among species, but are also used as systems at various times and places in an organism to control distinct developmental events. Therefore, mutations in many of these tool‐kit genes may cause congenital diseases involving morphological abnormalities. This link between genes and abnormal morphological phenotypes underscores the importance of understanding how cells behave and contribute to morphogenesis as a result of gene function. Recent improvements in live imaging and in quantitative analyses of cellular dynamics will advance our understanding of the cellular pathogenesis of congenital diseases associated with aberrant morphologies. In these studies, it is critical to select an appropriate model organism for the particular phenomenon of interest.
Changes in management and outcome of patients with rectal cancer in Northern Ireland: 1996–2006
Authors: McClements J. , Fitzpatrick D. , Campbell W. J. , Gavin A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimThis study aimed to document developments in rectal cancer services in a UK population and evaluate changes in outcome over a 10‐year period.MethodPatients diagnosed with primary rectal carcinoma in 1996, 2001 and 2006 were identified by the Northern Ireland Cancer Registry. Data were retrospectively collected on presentation, investigation, treatment and staging. Differences over the period were analysed using the chi‐squared test; Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression tests were used for survival analysis.ResultsAfter exclusions there were 636 patients, including 187 presenting in 1996, 203 in 2001 and 246 in 2006. The use of preoperative MRI of the rectum, endorectal ultrasound and abdominal CT increased during the study period. For patients treated by surgery, total mesorectal excision (TME) increased from 19% in 1996 to 64% in 2006 (P < 0.001). The use of radiotherapy (27% in 1996, 47% in 2006) and chemotherapy (21% in 1996, 32% in 2006) increased. The overall 5‐year survival improved significantly between 1996 and 2006 from 34% in 1996 to 45% in 2006 (P = 0.02). Among patients having surgery, 5‐year survival increased from 43% in 1996 to 63% in 2006 (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the improvement in survival was associated with TME and chemotherapy, while radiotherapy was not.ConclusionSurvival of patients with rectal cancer in Northern Ireland has improved significantly over the last decade, probably due to the increased use of TME and chemotherapy.
A prospective, claims‐based assessment of the risk of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer with liraglutide compared to other antidiabetic drugs
Authors: Funch D. , Gydesen H. , Tornøe K. , Major‐Pedersen A. , Chan K. A. 
Published: November 2013

AimWe evaluated the relationship between liraglutide and acute pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer in an ongoing post‐marketing safety assessment programme.MethodsInitiators of liraglutide, exenatide, metformin, pioglitazone or groups containing initiators of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors or sulfonylureas were identified in a US commercial health insurance claims database (1 February 2010 to 31 March 2013) and followed for a median of 15 months. We estimated incidence rates (IR/100 000 person‐years), rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of new insurance claims with diagnoses of primary inpatient acute pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer from Poisson regression models.ResultsThe IR for acute pancreatitis for liraglutide was 187.5 compared with 154.4 for all non‐glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1)‐based therapies (adjusted RR 1.10; CI 0.81–1.49). The IR for pancreatic cancer was 19.9 for liraglutide compared with 33.0 for all non‐GLP‐1‐based therapies (adjusted RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.26–1.60).ConclusionWe did not observe excess risk of either outcome associated with liraglutide relative to individual or pooled comparator drugs.
Pulmonary Hypertension in Hypertensive Patients: Association with Diastolic Dysfunction and Increased Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
Authors: Mukherjee Monica , Mehta Nishaki K. , Connolly James J. , Dusaj Raman S. , Choi Brian G. , Katz Richard J. , Lewis Jannet F. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundPulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with systemic hypertension and preserved ejection fraction (PEF) has been described. However, the pathophysiology and consequences are not entirely clear. We sought to distinguish the clinical and anatomic features among hypertensive patients with or without coexistent PH.MethodsEchocardiograms and records of hypertensive patients with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and PEF from January 2009 to January 2011 were reviewed. We identified 174 patients, including 36 with PH (calculated pulmonary artery systolic pressure [PASP] ≥ 35 mmHg), and 138 with normal pulmonary pressures.ResultsHypertensive patients with PH were older (76 ± 13 vs. 65 ± 13 years, P < 0.0001), more often female (91, 70%), had lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (63 ± 44 vs. 88 ± 48 mL/min, P = 0.002), and higher pro‐BNP levels (3141 ± 4253 vs. 1219 ± 1900 pg/mL, P = 0.003). PH patients also had larger left atrial areas (23.7 ± 3.8 vs. 20.8 ± 4.6 cm2, P = 0.002), evidence of diastolic dysfunction (i.e., septal E/e′ 17.6 ± 8.6 vs. 12.7 ± 4.4, P = 0.0005), and higher calculated peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) (2.3 ± 1.1 vs. 1.6 ± 0.4, P < 0.0001). Both PVR and septal E/e′ showed strong linear correlation with PASP (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively).ConclusionsHypertension in elderly patients is frequently complicated by LV diastolic dysfunction and secondary PH. These hypertensive patients tended to have reduced renal function and higher pro‐BNP. Because of the known morbidity and mortality associated with PH, these observations have potentially important implications for target medical therapy.
Expression and cellular localization of the classical progesterone receptor in healthy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affected spinal cord
Authors: Gargiulo‐Monachelli G. M. , Campos‐Melo D. , Droppelmann C. A. , Keller B. A. , Leystra‐Lantz C. , De Nicola A. F. , Gonzalez Deniselle M. C. , Volkening K. , Strong M. J. 
Published: November 2013

Background and purposePrevious studies have suggested that elevated progesterone levels are associated with a slower disease course in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Given that the effects of progesterone are mediated in part by the classical progesterone receptor (PR), the expression and cellular localization of the A and B isoforms (PR‐A and PR‐B, respectively) of the PR in control (neuropathologically normal) and ALS‐affected spinal cord (SC) were examined.MethodsSemi‐quantitative RT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses of the cervical and lumbar SC of post‐mortem ALS patients (n = 19) and control subjects (n = 10) were performed. Primers and antibodies used allowed the detection of both PR‐A and PR‐B isoforms together (PR‐A+B) or PR‐B isoform alone.ResultsLumbar PR‐A+B and cervical PR‐B mRNA expression were significantly higher in ALS than controls. In both ALS and controls, PR‐A+B immunoreactivity (IR) was occasionally detected in motor neurons. In contrast, PR‐A+B IR was prominent in axonal processes and vessels. This was more evident in nerve roots and large arteries in ALS compared with controls. Colocalization of PR‐A+B with markers of neurons, axonal processes and vascular endothelium was also observed.ConclusionsEvidence that both PR‐A and PR‐B isoforms are expressed in the human SC is provided, with some regional variation in isoform expression between ALS and controls. The IR was more prominent in nerve roots and large arteries in ALS, suggesting a potential role in the degenerative process.