bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evacuation proctography: a reappraisal of normal variability
Authors: Palit S. , Bhan C. , Lunniss P. J. , Boyle D. J. , Gladman M. A. , Knowles C. H. , Scott S. M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimInterpretation of evacuation proctography (EP) images is reliant on robust normative data. Previous studies of EP in asymptomatic subjects have been methodologically limited. The aim of this study was to provide parameters of normality for both genders using EP.MethodEvacuation proctography was prospectively performed on 46 healthy volunteers (28 women). Proctograms were independently analysed by two reviewers. All established and some new variables of defaecatory structure and function were assessed objectively: anorectal dimensions; anorectal angle changes; evacuation time; percentage contrast evacuated; and incidence of rectal wall morphological ‘abnormalities’.ResultsNormal ranges were calculated for all main variables. Mean end‐evacuation time was 88 s (95% CI: 63–113) in male subjects and 128 s (95% CI: 98–158) in female subjects; percentage contrast evacuated was 71% (95% CI: 63–80) in male subjects and 65% (95% CI: 58–72) in female subjects. Twenty‐six (93%) of 28 female subjects had a rectocoele with a mean depth of 2.5 cm (upper limit = 3.9 cm). Recto–rectal intussusception was found in nine subjects (approximately 20% of both genders); however, recto–anal intussusception was not observed. Only rectal diameter differed significantly between genders. Qualitatively, three patterns of evacuation were present.ConclusionThis study defines normal ranges for anorectal dimensions and parameters of emptying, as well as the incidence and characteristics of rectal‐wall ‘abnormalities’ observed or derived from EP. These ranges can be applied clinically for subsequent disease comparison.
The impact of recurrence of primary glomerulonephritis on renal allograft outcome
Authors: Moroni Gabriella , Longhi Selena , Quaglini Silvana , Rognoni Carla , Simonini Paola , Binda Valentina , Montagnino Giuseppe , Messa Piergiorgio 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTwenty‐yr patient and death‐censored graft survival of 348 kidney transplant recipients with primary glomerulonephritis (GN) and of 696 matched controls were 82.2% in GN patients and 75% in controls (p = 0.037) and 49.5% and 54%, respectively (p = 0.013). GN patients had a higher incidence of graft failure than controls even considering death as a competing risk (p = 0.004). In the GN group, graft survival of deceased and of living donor recipients was similar. At multivariate analysis, GN as primary disease (RR: 1.47), delayed graft function recovery (RR: 2.34), acute rejection (RR: 2.36), and any PRA positivity (RR: 1.01) were predictive of graft loss. GN recurred in 85 of 348 grafts (24.4%), and 43 were lost for recurrence. In non‐recurrent patients, graft survival at 20 yr was significantly better than in recurrent patients (59.4% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.000), but not different from that of controls (59.4 vs. 54%, p = 0.9). At multivariate analysis, young age at transplantation (RR: 0.97), shorter duration of dialysis (RR: 1.05 per each dialysis year), and graft from living donors (RR: 1.668) were independent predictors of recurrence. Patients with primary GN have reduced graft survival in comparison with controls, and this is mainly due to recurrence of original disease. However, the most frequent recurrence in living recipients does not compromise graft survival.
Clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological features of melanocytic nevi in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Fernandes Juliana Dumêt , Rivitti‐Machado Maria Cecilia , Nakano Juliana , de Oliveira Rocha Bruno , Oliveira Zilda Najjar P. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryBackgroundEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) nevi are acquired pigmented melanocytic lesions which may have clinical and dermoscopic features quite similar to those found in melanoma. More detailed information on this phenomenon is still lacking.ObjectivesTo evaluate clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological features of melanocytic lesions in 13 patients with dystrophic EB (DEB).Patients and MethodsPatients underwent clinical and dermoscopic evaluation. Suspicious lesions were excised and examined microscopically.ResultsThere were 12 cases of recessive DEB and one of dominant DEB. Five patients were men; 8 were women; the ages ranged from 2 to 27 years old. All patients had at least 2 atypical melanocytic lesions. Two of the 5 biopsied patients showed an atypical nevus or lentigo on histopathological examination.ConclusionsWe observed a high incidence of large and atypical melanocytic lesions in DEB patients. Although the exact explanation for this is still unclear, it seems that re‐epithelization and the chronic inflammatory process may stimulate the proliferation of melanocytes, as well as the emergence of lesions with atypical clinical and dermoscopic features. As an unequivocal discrimination from malignant melanoma in vivo is not always possible, regular clinical follow‐up and histopathological evaluation of suspicious lesions in EB patients are mandatory.
Lichen planopilaris: Epidemiology and prevalence of subtypes – a retrospective analysis in 104 patients
Authors: Meinhard Johanna , Stroux Andrea , Lünnemann Lena , Vogt Annika , Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike 
Published: February 2014

SummaryBackgroundManagement of patients with lichen planopilaris (LPP) and frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is rendered difficult as robust epidemiologic data, insights on pathogenesis, associated diseases, possible relevance of concomitant medications or environmental factors are lacking.Patients and MethodsRetrospective analysis of demography, skin status, concomitant medication and diagnostic procedures were performed on 104 medical records (71 classic LPP, 32 FFA, and one Graham‐Little‐Piccardi‐Lassueur syndrome).ResultsWomen were more often affected (distribution F: M classic LPP 4.9: 1; FFA: 31: 1). Compared to LPP patients, patients with FFA were significantly older (p < 0.001), more often postmenopausal, and more frequently on hormone replacement therapy. No other specific associations were identified. An association with lichen planus, other autoimmune diseases, or hepatitis virus infection was found only in individual patients. Clinically, FFA patients were significantly more often reported to have reduced eyebrows (p < 0.005), axillary, and/or pubic hair (p = 0.050).ConclusionsThe findings obtained from this study, with currently largest LPP/FFA patient cohort in Germany, encouraged us to set up a national FFA patient registry. Prospective data collected from larger numbers of patients with standardized questionnaires will help to assess assumed associations and influencing factors and to develop, in the long‐term, recommendations for diagnosis and treatment.
Rapid deforestation threatens mid‐elevational endemic birds but climate change is most important at higher elevations
Authors: Harris J. Berton C. , Dwi Putra Dadang , Gregory Stephen D. , Brook Barry W. , Prawiradilaga Dewi M. , Sodhi Navjot S. , Wei Dan , Fordham Damien A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimDeforestation and climate change are two of the most serious threats to tropical birds. Here, we combine fine‐scale climatic and dynamic land cover models to forecast species vulnerability in rain forest habitats.LocationSulawesi, Indonesia.MethodsWe sampled bird communities on four mountains across three seasons in Lore Lindu National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia (a globally important hotspot of avian endemism), to characterize relationships between elevation and abundance. Deforestation from 2000 to 2010 was quantified, and predictors of deforestation were identified. Future forest area was projected under two land use change scenarios – one assuming current deforestation rates and another assuming a 50% reduction in deforestation. A digital elevation model and an adiabatic lapse rate were used to create a fine‐scale map of temperature in the national park. Then, the effects of climate change were projected by fitting statistical models of species abundance as a function of current temperature and forecasting future abundance based on warming from low‐ and high‐emissions climate change.ResultsThe national park lost 11.8% of its forest from 2000 to 2010. Model‐based projections indicate that high‐elevation species (white‐eared myza Myza sarasinorum and Sulawesi leaf‐warbler Phylloscopus sarasinorum) might be buffered from deforestation because their ranges are isolated from human settlement, but these species may face steep population declines from climate change (by as much as 61%). The middle‐elevation sulphur‐bellied whistler Pachycephala sulfuriventer is predicted to undergo minor declines from climate change (8–11% reduction), while deforestation is predicted to cause larger declines of 13–19%.Main conclusionsThe biological richness and rapid deforestation now occurring inside the national park emphasize the need for increased enforcement, while our modelling suggests that climate change is most threatening to high‐elevation endemics. These findings are likely applicable to other highland tropical sites where deforestation is encroaching from below and climate change is stressing high‐elevation species from above.
Long‐term outcome of endoscopic balloon dilation for small bowel strictures in patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Hirai Fumihito , Beppu Takahiro , Takatsu Noritaka , Yano Yutaka , Ninomiya Kazeo , Ono Yoichiro , Hisabe Takashi , Matsui Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2014

Background and AimEndoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) is an alternative to surgery for small bowel strictures of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). However, little is known about the long‐term efficacy of EBD. The aim of the present study was to clarify the long‐term outcome of EBD for small bowel strictures in patients with CD.MethodsSubjects comprised 65 patients with CD who underwent EBD for small intestinal strictures and were followed up for at least 6 months. All subjects had obstructive symptoms as a result of small bowel strictures. Short‐term success was defined as technical success and the disappearance of obstructive symptoms. The short‐term success rate of EBD, its safety profile, the cumulative surgery‐free rate and the cumulative redilation‐free rate were investigated.ResultsShort‐term success rate was 80.0% (52/65). Complications were encountered in six of the 65 patients (9.2%). Seventeen patients (26.2%) underwent surgery during the observation period of this study. Cumulative surgery‐free rate after initial EBD was 79% at 2 years and 73% at 3 years, respectively. EBD successful cases showed significantly higher surgery‐free rates than unsuccessful cases (P < 0.0001). In 52 of the successful cases, the cumulative redilation‐free rate after initial EBD was 64% at 2 years and 47% at 3 years, respectively.ConclusionEBD for small bowel strictures secondary to CD provides not only short‐term success but also long‐term efficacy. However, the high redilation rate is one of the clinical problems of this procedure.
Prevalence, clinical investigation, and management of gallbladder disease in Rett syndrome
Authors: Freilinger Michael , Böhm Michael , Lanator Ines , Vergesslich‐Rothschild Klara , Huber Wolf‐Dietrich , Anderson Alison , Wong Kingsley , Baikie Gordon , Ravikumara Madhur , Downs Jenny , Leonard Helen 
Published: February 2014

AimThis study determined the prevalence of cholelithiasis and/or cholecystectomy in Rett syndrome, described gallbladder function in a clinical cohort, and identified recommendations for assessment and management of gallbladder disease.MethodThe incidence of cholelithiasis/cholecystectomy was estimated from data describing 270 and 681 individuals with a pathogenic MECP2 mutation in the Australian Rett Syndrome Database and the International Rett Syndrome Phenotype Database respectively. Gallbladder function in 25 females (mean age 16y 5mo, SD 20y 7mo, range 3y 5mo–47y 10mo) with Rett syndrome (RTT) was evaluated with clinical assessment and ultrasound of the gallbladder. The Delphi technique was used to develop assessment and treatment recommendations.ResultsThe incidence rate for cholelithiasis and/or cholecystectomy was 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–4.2) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.0–3.0) per 1000 person‐years in the Australian and International Databases respectively. The mean contractility index of the gallbladder for the clinical sample was 46.5% (SD 38.3%), smaller than for healthy individuals but similar to children with Down syndrome, despite no clinical symptoms. After excluding gastroesophageal reflux, gallbladder disease should be considered as a cause of abdominal pain in RTT and cholecystectomy recommended if symptomatic.InterpretationGallbladder disease is relatively common in RTT and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in RTT.
Sleep disturbances in Malaysian children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Atmawidjaja Raymond Warouw , Wong Sau Wei , Yang Wai Wai , Ong Lai Choo 
Published: February 2014

AimThe aim of the study was to compare the frequency and type of sleep disturbances in a group of Malaysian children aged 4 to 18 years with cerebral palsy (CP) with their nearest‐age, able‐bodied siblings and to identify factors associated with sleep disturbances.MethodThe study was a case–control study of 109 children with CP (61 males, 48 females; mean age 9y, SD 3y 11mo, range 4–18y) and their healthy siblings (56 males, 53 females; mean age 10y, SD 3y 9mo, range 4–18y). The Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children (SDSC) questionnaire was completed by the main caregiver. In children with CP, multiple regression analysis was be used to determine factors related to higher Total SDSC sleep scores.ResultsNinety‐seven children (89%) had spastic CP, 10 (9%) had dyskinetic CP, and two (2%) had mixed CP. Based on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFSC), 34 patients (31%) were at GMFSC level I or II, 10 patients (9%) at level III, and 65 patients (60%) at level IV or V. Children with CP scored significantly higher than their siblings on Total SDSC and four SDSC subscale scores – difficulty in initiating and maintaining sleep, sleep breathing disorders, sleep–wake transition disorders, and sleep hyperhidrosis. Caregiver sleep duration of less than 7 hours (p=0.02) and caregiver sleep latency of more than 30 minutes (p=0.03) were significantly associated with higher Total SDSC scores. Co‐sleeping was not a significant factor.InterpretationSleep disturbances are more common in children with CP than in their siblings. Attention should be given to caregiver sleep when evaluating sleep disturbances in children with CP as this factor was shown to be associated with higher Total SDSC scores.
Factors associated with statin treatment for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people within 2 years following diagnosis of diabetes in Scotland, 2006–2008
Authors: Jones N. R. V. , Fischbacher C. M. , Guthrie B. , Leese G. , Lindsay R. S. , McKnight J. A. , Pearson D. , Philip S. , Sattar N. , Wild S. H. ,   the Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology Group
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimTo describe characteristics associated with statin prescribing for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with newly diagnosed diabetes.MethodsData from the Scottish Care Information—Diabetes Collaboration data set for 2006–2008 were used. This data set contains socio‐demographic and prescribing data for over 99% of people with diagnosed diabetes in Scotland. Analyses were conducted on people aged over 40 years diagnosed with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes between 2006 and 2008 with complete data and no previous history of cardiovascular or statin prescription. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for statin prescription in the 2 years following diagnosis of diabetes.ResultsThere were 7157 men and 5601 women who met the inclusion criteria, 68% of whom had a statin prescription recorded in the 2 years following diagnosis of diabetes. The proportions receiving statins were lower above 65 years of age in men and 75 years of age in women. People with Type 1 diabetes had lower odds of receiving statins than people with Type 2 diabetes [odds ratio (95% CI) 0.42 (0.29–0.61) for men and 0.48 (0.28–0.81) for women, after adjustment for age, BMI, smoking status, cholesterol level and deprivation]. Higher total cholesterol, BMI and being a current smoker were associated with greater odds of statin prescription.ConclusionApproximately one third of the study population had no record of statin prescription during the 2 years after diagnosis of diabetes. Cardiovascular disease risk reduction opportunities may be missed in some of these people.
Association of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) rs2241766 polymorphism and dyslipidemia in HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients
Authors: Pineda‐Tenor Daniel , Berenguer Juan , García‐Broncano Pilar , Jiménez‐Sousa María A. , Fernández‐Rodríguez Amanda , Diez Cristina , García–Álvarez Mónica , Carrero Ana , Catalán Pilar , Aldámiz‐Echevarria Teresa , Resino Salvador 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe adiponectin (ADIPOQ) rs2241766 polymorphism is related to metabolic abnormalities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the ADIPOQ rs2241766 polymorphism with serum dyslipidemia and insulin resistance (IR) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐coinfected patients.MethodsWe carried out a cross‐sectional study on 262 patients. ADIPOQ rs2241766 polymorphisms were genotyped by GoldenGate® assay. Generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to compare continuous outcome variables (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), non‐HDL‐C and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)) and categorical outcome variables (TC ≥ 200 mg/dL, TG ≥ 170 mg/dL, LDL‐C ≥ 100 mg/dL, HDL‐C ≤ 35 mg/dL, non‐HDL‐C ≥ 120 mg/dL and HOMA ≥ 3·8) according to ADIPOQ genotype under a dominant inheritance model.ResultsPatients with the rs2241766 GG/GT genotype had significantly lower serum TC levels (P = 0·038) and percentages of TC ≥ 200 mg/dL (P = 0·022) than rs2241766 TT carriers. When adjusted GLM was performed, rs2241766 GG/GT was associated with low serum TC levels (arithmetic mean ratio (AMR) = 0·92 [(95% CI = 0·85; 0·99) P = 0·024]) and low likelihood of TC ≥ 200 mg/dL (odds ratio (OR) = 0·32 [(95% CI = 0·11; 0·88) P = 0·027]. When stratifying by steatosis, no significant values were found for patients without steatosis. However, for patients with steatosis, rs2241766 GG/GT genotypes were related to low TC serum values of TC (AMR = 0·89; P = 0·027), LDL‐C (AMR = 0·85; P = 0·039) and non‐HDL‐C (AMR = 0·86; P = 0·015). No significant associations were found between rs2241766 and HOMA values.ConclusionsThe presence of the ADIPOQ rs2241766 G allele (GG/GT genotype) was associated with a protective effect against dyslipidemia, primarily in HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients with steatosis.
CD20‐positive plasmablastic lymphoma with excellent response to bortezomib combined with rituximab
Authors: Yan Min , Dong Zhaoming , Zhao Frank , Chauncey Thomas , Deauna‐Limayo Delva , Wang‐Rodriguez Jessica , Liu Dayu , Wang Huan‐You , Pilz Renate 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAs a distinct type of aggressive mature large B‐cell lymphoma, plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) poses diagnostic and treatment challenges. PBL is distinguished from other B‐cell lymphomas by the presence of plasmacytic differentiation markers such as CD38, CD138, and MUM1. Clinically, PBLs from oral and extra‐oral sites are rapidly progressive tumors with frequent relapse after treatment with standard diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma regimens. Here, we report a near‐complete response of one patient with relapsed PBL following treatment with a non‐cytotoxic regimen containing bortezomib, rituximab, and dexamethasone.
Acute myeloid leukemia following solid organ transplantation: entity or novelty?
Authors: Rashidi Armin , Fisher Stephen I. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDue to the rarity of the disease, the characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia following solid organ transplantation (post‐transplant AML; PT‐AML) are unclear; furthermore, it is not known for certain whether PT‐AML is a separate entity or not. We provide a systematic review of all previously reported cases of PT‐AML in the English literature (n = 51). 45% of cases occurred after renal transplantation, and 72% were males. The median age at diagnosis of AML was 50 yr, with a median transplant‐to‐AML interval of 3.8 yr and a rapid decline in incidence after 5 yr. 26% of patients were asymptomatic at the time of presentation, and 42% were pancytopenic. M0/M1/M2, M3, M4/M5, and M6/M7 subtypes comprised 17%, 25%, 39%, and 19% of all cases, respectively. 36% of patients had unfavorable cytogenetic risk disease. The median overall survival was only 3 months. We observed several transplant‐specific features: (i) The transplant‐to‐AML interval follows two very different patterns between renal vs. liver transplant patients. (ii) All 4 cases of donor cell leukemia occurred after liver transplant. (iii) Unfavorable risk disease was marginally significantly more common among renal compared with liver transplant patients (P = 0.057). Our results suggest that PT‐AML is a separate entity with distinct characteristics, which need to be investigated further in future research. Heavy post‐transplant immunosuppression likely plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PT‐AML.
Cantharidin world in nature: a concealed arthropod assemblage with interactions via the terpenoid cantharidin
Authors: Hashimoto Kosei , Hayashi Fumio 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCantharidin is produced by beetles of only two families, the Meloidae and the Oedemeridae. This substance is a defensive terpenoid that is toxic to the enemies of the beetles. Cantharidin also attracts other groups of insects and has been used as a bait to trap them. Cantharidin‐baited traps deployed in central Japan captured coleopterans (Anthicidae, Endomychidae, Pyrochroidae, and Scarabaeidae), dipterans (Ceratopogonidae), hymenopterans (Formicidae), and harvestmen (Podoctidae). The seasonal occurrences of these arthropods, their sex ratios, known feeding choices, and mating habits suggest three possible underlying reasons for the attractancy of cantharidin: (i) it is accumulated as a defense against enemies and sometimes for transfer from males to females as a nuptial gift; (ii) it is used as a chemical cue in food searching; and (iii) it is used as an aggregation pheromone by mature arthropod individuals. The group of canthariphilous arthropods we describe represents a cryptic ecological assemblage with rare chemical networking among apparently unrelated species.
Innate attractant for long‐tongued bumblebee, Bombus diversus diversus in floral scent of bumblebee‐pollinated epiparasitic plant, Monotropastrum humile (Ericaceae)
Authors: Kubo Ryohei , Ono Masato 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe epiparasitic plant Monotropastrum humile (D. Don) Hara is pollinated by workers of the long‐tongued bumblebee, Bombus diversus diversus (Smith). The interaction between the floral scents of this plant and bumblebee was investigated using electrophysiological and behavioral techniques. Three components (linalool, α‐terpineol and geraniol) elicited strong responses in antennae from B. d. diversus workers and are innate attractants, suggesting floral scents play an important role in attracting these pollinators and successful pollination.