bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of authentic leadership and empowerment on nurses’ relational social capital, mental health and job satisfaction over the first year of practice
Authors: Read Emily A. , Laschinger Heather K.S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimsTo examine a theoretical model testing the effects of authentic leadership, structural empowerment and relational social capital on the mental health and job satisfaction of new graduate nurses over the first year of practice.BackgroundRelational social capital is an important interpersonal organizational resource that may foster new graduate nurses’ workplace well‐being and promote retention. Evidence shows that authentic leadership and structural empowerment are key aspects of the work environment that support new graduate nurses; however, the mediating role of relational social capital has yet to be explored.DesignA longitudinal survey design was used to test the hypothesized model.MethodsOne hundred ninety‐one new graduate nurses in Ontario with <2 years of experience completed mail surveys in January–March 2010 and 1 year later in 2011. Path analysis using structural equation modelling was used to test the theoretical model.ResultsParticipants were mostly female, working full time in medicine/surgery or critical care. All measures demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity. Path analysis results supported our hypothesized model; structural empowerment mediated the relationship between authentic leadership and nurses’ relational social capital, which in turn had a negative effect on mental health symptoms and a positive effect on job satisfaction. All indirect paths in the model were significant.ConclusionBy creating structurally empowering work environments, authentic leaders foster relational social capital among new graduate nurses leading to positive health and retention outcomes.
Intralocus tactical conflict: genetic correlations between fighters and sneakers of the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus
Authors: Buzatto B. A. , Kotiaho J. S. , Tomkins J. L. , Simmons L. W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMales and females differ in their phenotypic optima for many traits, and as the majority of genes are expressed in both sexes, some alleles can be beneficial to one sex but harmful to the other (intralocus sexual conflict; ISC). ISC theory has recently been extended to intrasexual dimorphisms, where certain alleles may have opposite effects on the fitness of males of different morphs that employ alternative reproductive tactics (intralocus tactical conflict; ITC). Here, we use a half‐sib breeding design to investigate the genetic basis for ISC and ITC in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus. We found positive heritabilities and intersexual genetic correlations for almost all traits investigated. Next, we calculated the intrasexual genetic correlation between males of different morphs for horn length, a sexually selected trait, and compared it to intrasexual correlations for naturally selected traits in both sexes. Intrasexual genetic correlations did not differ significantly between the sexes or between naturally and sexually selected traits, failing to support the hypothesis that horns present a reduction of intrasexual genetic correlations due to ITC. We discuss the implications for the idea of developmental reprogramming between male morphs and emphasize the importance of genetic correlations as constraints for the evolution of dimorphisms.
Conservation of multivariate female preference functions and preference mechanisms in three species of trilling field crickets
Authors: Blankers T. , Hennig R. M. , Gray D. A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDivergence in mate recognition systems among closely related species is an important contributor to assortative mating and reproductive isolation. Here, we examine divergence in male song traits and female preference functions in three cricket species with songs consisting of long trills. The shape of female preference functions appears to be mostly conserved across species and follows the predictions from a recent model for song recognition. Multivariate preference profiles, combining the pulse and trill parameters, demonstrate selectivity for conspecific pulse rates and high trill duty cycles. The rules for integration across pulse and trill timescales were identical for all three species. Generally, we find greater divergence in male song traits than in associated female preferences. For pulse rate, we find a strong match between divergent male traits and female peak preferences. Preference functions for trill parameters and carrier frequency are similar between species and show less congruence between signal and preference. Differences among traits in the degree of trait–preference (mis)match may reflect the strength of preferences and the potential for linkage disequilibrium, selective constraints and alternative selective pressures, but appear unrelated to selection for mate recognition per se.
Which risk‐adjustment index performs better in predicting 30‐day mortality? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Mo , Mehta Hemalkumar B. , Bali Vishal , Gupta Parul , Wang Xin , Johnson Michael L. , Aparasu Rajender R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesIndividual comparisons of the performance of risk‐adjustment indices have been widely conducted. Few reviews have been conducted to summarize the performance of different risk‐adjustment indices. A 30‐day mortality rate is widely used to evaluate the quality of care in hospitals by federal agencies like the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. This study examined relative performance of risk‐adjustment indices that predict 30‐day mortality.MethodsDatabases including Medline, PubMed and PsycINFO were searched for studies that compared risk‐adjustment indices. The search protocol included comparative studies in which the performance of risk‐adjustment indices were compared across any defined cohort to compare 30‐day mortality, including mortality within 30 days and intensive care unit mortality, which lasts less than 30 days. Data were extracted using a structured form and abstract data included author and publication year, population studied (including location, sample size, study time period), comparison indices, outcome studied, results and conclusions from the results. A meta‐analytical approach was used to summarize all the studies. Scaled ranking score was used to estimate the relative superiority of any given risk‐adjustment indices. A hypergeometric test was carried out to evaluate the performance of risk‐adjustment measures.ResultsOut of 2805 studies identified, 23 studies met the eligibility criteria. Main risk‐adjustment indices used for comparison included Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, Charlson co‐morbidity index, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS). Based on scaled ranking score, SAPS performed best (score 0.510) among all the risk‐adjustment indices. However, based on hypergeometric test, the five measures performed equally well.ConclusionsAlthough all the selected risk‐adjustment indices perform equally well, SAPS seems better than other indices for short‐term mortality
based on scaled ranking score.
An extragonadal teratoma in a female cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Schelling S.H. , Morton D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractExtragonadal teratomas have not been reported in nonhuman primates. A female cynomolgus monkey, a vehicle control in an exploratory toxicity study, was necropsied. Microscopic examination of an extragonadal mass in the animal's craniodorsal retroperitoneum revealed a teratoma. This is the first report of an extragonadal teratoma in a nonhuman primate.
Risk factors for adenomyosis, leiomyoma and concurrent adenomyosis and leiomyoma
Authors: Güzel Ali İrfan , Akselim Burak , Erkılınç Selçuk , Kokanalı Kuntay , Tokmak Aytekin , Dolmuş Başar , Doğanay Melike 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the risk factors for adenomyosis, leiomyoma and concomitant adenomyosis and leiomyoma in patients with treatment‐resistant menometrorrhagia.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 129 women who underwent abdominal hysterectomy for treatment‐resistant menometrorrhagia. The patients were divided into four groups according to the postoperative histopathology: concomitant adenomyosis and leiomyoma (n = 33), adenomyosis only (n = 26), leiomyoma only (n = 48) and controls (n = 22). Patients without any organic uterine pathology constituted the control group.ResultsAge at menarche was higher in the concomitant adenomyosis and leiomyoma group compared to the adenomyosis only group (P = 0.006). The mean age (P = 0.007), age at menarche (P = 0.001) and gravidity (P = 0.001) were higher in the concomitant adenomyosis and leiomyoma group compared to the leiomyoma only group. Preoperative hemoglobin was lower in the concomitant adenomyosis and leiomyoma, adenomyosis only, and leiomyoma only groups than the control group (P < 0.008). On receiver operating characteristic analysis, hemoglobin <10.9 mg/dL had a sensitivity and specificity of 77% and 70%, respectively, in discrimination of any uterine organic pathology, including adenomyosis only, leiomyoma only, and concomitant adenomyosis and leiomyoma, from the control group. Patients in the adenomyosis group were older (OR, 1.20; 95%CI: 1.05–1.50) and had a lower age at menarche (OR, 0.42; 95%CI: 0.19–0.89) than the other groups.ConclusionsPreoperative anemia may be a useful predictor of adenomyosis. Older patients, and patients who had a lower age at menarche, were also more likely to have adenomyosis.
Umbilical cord milking reduces need for red cell transfusions and improves neonatal adaptation in preterm infants: Meta‐analysis
Authors: Dang Dan , Zhang Chuan , Shi Shan , Mu Xin , Lv Xiaoming , Wu Hui 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimTo assess effects of umbilical cord milking (UCM) on early blood pressure stabilization, hemoglobin (Hb), as well as incidence of transfusion and complications in preterm infants.MethodsThis meta‐analysis was conducted by searching the Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library (until July 2014) databases. Any clinical trials, including randomized control trials, comparing UCM to immediate cord clamping (ICC) were analyzed.ResultsSix studies were included in this meta‐analysis. In total, 292 preterm infants were treated with UCM, while 295 received ICC. Compared to ICC, UCM increased initial Hb significantly by 1.84 g/dL (weighted mean difference; 95%CI: 0.91–2.76; P < 0.0001) and decreased the incidence of transfusion with a pooled risk ratio of 0.74 (95%CI: 0.61–0.90; P = 0.002). Incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and mortality were significantly lower with UCM compared with ICC. Apgar score and temperature were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionsBy facilitating the early stabilization of blood pressure, UCM at preterm birth was found to be comparatively safe and associated with lower blood transfusion exposure and lower incidence of IVH, NEC and death.
Prenatal findings and epimutations for paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 14 syndrome
Authors: Watanabe Takafumi , Go Hayato , Kagami Masayo , Yasuda Shun , Nomura Yasuhisa , Fujimori Keiya 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe phenotypes associated with paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 14 (UPD(14)pat) are clinically distinctive and caused by genetic alterations at the 14q32.2 imprinted region. Here we describe prenatal and neonatal findings in a case of epimutation associated with UPD(14)pat‐like phenotype. A 25‐year‐old Japanese woman was referred to hospital at 32 weeks of gestation for management of threatened premature delivery. Fetal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging showed a narrow thorax and polyhydramnios. At 35 weeks of gestation, emergency cesarean section was performed and placentomegaly was identified. Physical examination of the neonate indicated a small narrow thorax, diastasis recti, and dysmorphic facial features that included hirsute forehead, broad flat nasal bridge, micrognathia, small ears, and a long protruding philtrum. Genetic analysis identified epimutation at the intergenic differentially methylated region (IG‐DMR) and at MEG3‐DMR.
What is the role of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 in placenta percreta?
Authors: Kocarslan Sezen , Incebıyık Adnan , Guldur Muhammet Emin , Ekinci Turan , Ozardali Hasan Ilyas 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimThis study compared the placental expression of the matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) enzyme, which is thought to play a key role in the penetration of trophoblastic cells, in third‐trimester placenta percreta (PP) patients with that of women with normal pregnancies.MethodsTwenty‐five pregnant subjects who underwent cesarean section due to PP and 25 term pregnant subjects who underwent cesarean section for obstetric reasons were included in the study. Demographic data, pathology reports, and histopathological samples were examined. Blocks containing samples of placenta underwent immunohistochemical analysis using the MMP‐2 antibody. Immunohistochemical expression of placental samples obtained from both groups was examined and compared.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in the demographic data (P > 0.05). With regard to immunohistochemistry, cytoplasmic staining of trophoblastic cells was considered immunohistochemically positive. In the PP tissue samples, positive MMP‐2 staining was detected as follows: 0 immunoreactivity, one patient (4%); 1(+), six patients (24%); 2(+), seven patients (28%); and 3(+), 11 patients (44%). In the term pregnant placental tissue samples, positive MMP‐2 staining was detected in five patients (20%) at 0 immunoreactivity, 12 (48%) at 1(+) immunoreactivity, five (20%) at 2(+) immunoreactivity, and three patients (12%) at 3(+) immunoreactivity. Immunohistochemical expression was significantly different between the PP and normal term pregnancy placental tissues (P = 0.02).ConclusionThe stronger expression of the MMP‐2 enzyme in the PP as compared to the normal placental tissue suggests that this enzyme may be an effective mediator in the pathogenesis of PP.
Heterogeneity of Multiple Sclerosis White Matter Lesions Detected With T2*‐Weighted Imaging at 7.0 Tesla
Authors: Yao Bing , Ikonomidou Vasiliki N. , Cantor Fredric K. , Ohayon Joan M. , Duyn Jeff , Bagnato Francesca 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPostmortem studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) indicate that in some white matter lesions (WM‐Ls), iron is detectable with T2*‐weighted (T2*‐w), and its reciprocal R2* relaxation rate, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 7.0 Tesla (7T). This iron appears as a hyperintense rim in R2* images surrounding a hypointense core. We describe how this observation relates to clinical/radiological characteristics of patients, in vivo.METHODSWe imaged 16 MS patients using 3T and 7T scanners. WM‐Ls were identified on T1‐w/T2‐w 3T‐MRIs. Thereafter, WM‐Ls with a rim of elevated R2* at 7T were counted and compared to their appearance on conventional MRIs.RESULTSWe counted 36 WM‐Ls presenting a rim of elevated R2* in 10 patients. Twenty‐three (64%) lesions coincided with focal WM‐Ls on T2‐w MRIs; 13 (36%) coincided with only portions of larger lesions on T2‐w images; and 20 (56%) corresponded to a hypointense chronic black hole. WM‐Ls presenting a rim of elevated R2* were seen in both relapsing‐remitting patients with low disability and in those with long‐standing secondary progressive MS.CONCLUSIONSWM‐Ls with a contour of high R2* are present at different MS stages, potentially representing differences in the contribution of iron in MS disease evolution.
Magnetic Resonance Fiber Tracking in a Neonate with Hemimegalencephaly
Authors: Re Thomas J , Scarciolla Laura , Takahashi Emi , Specchio Nicola , Bernardi Bruno , Longo Daniela 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA magnetic resonance diffusion fiber tracking study in neonate diagnosed with left hemisphere hemimegalencephaly is presented. Despite diffuse morphologic deformities identified in conventional imaging, all major pathways were identifiable bilaterally with minor aberrations in vicinity of morphologic lesions.
THE SLX MODEL
Authors: Halleck Vega Solmaria , Elhorst J. Paul 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe provide a comprehensive overview of the strengths and weaknesses of different spatial econometric model specifications in terms of spillover effects. Based on this overview, we advocate taking the SLX model as point of departure in case a well‐founded theory indicating which model is most appropriate is lacking. In contrast to other spatial econometric models, the SLX model also allows for the spatial weights matrix W to be parameterized and the application of standard econometric techniques to test for endogenous explanatory variables. This starkly contrasts commonly used spatial econometric specification strategies and is a complement to the critique of spatial econometrics raised in a special theme issue of the Journal of Regional Science (Volume 52, Issue 2). To illustrate the pitfalls of the standard spatial econometrics approach and the benefits of our proposed alternative approach in an empirical setting, the Baltagi and Li (2004) cigarette demand model is estimated.
Use of a Psychometric Instrument as a Referral Process for the Required Level of Specialization of Health and Social Services
Authors: Tremblay Audrée , Morin Diane 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn Québec, services of people with intellectual disability (ID) are divided into three levels of care based on the World Health Organization model. Currently, no standardized tool is used to assess the level of specialization of care required by persons with ID in the province despite the Ministry of Social and Health Services' reference framework, which stipulates that services should be fair and easily accessible to all. The present study examined potential tools to address this situation. The scores on the Supports Intensity Scale‐French version (SIS‐F), Adaptive Behavior Assessment System‐II, and Scales of Independent Behavior‐Revised (SIB‐R) (Part 2) of 30 participants with ID were examined in conjunction with the required level of specialization of services, as determined by an expert committee. Scores on these scales were not linearly related to the required level of care. This indicates that scores cannot be used to determine if a person needs services from the primary, secondary, or tertiary care facility. However, significant differences were observed between the primary and tertiary levels on the Exceptional Behavioral Support Needs scale of the SIS‐F and the SIB‐R Part 2. The study shows that the expert committee was more successful in making this determination than a standardized instrument. The instruments used in the present study, not designed for this purpose, were insufficient. Nonetheless, results underline the importance of factoring in challenging behaviors in the assessment of service needs.
A genetic component of extinction risk in mammals
Authors: Polishchuk Leonard V. , Popadin Konstantin Y. , Baranova Maria A. , Kondrashov Aleksey S. 
Published: February 2015

Genetic factors may play an important role in species extinction but their actual effect remains poorly understood, particularly because of a strong and potentially masking effect expected from ecological traits. We investigated the role of genetics in mammal extinction taking both ecological and genetic factors into account. As a proxy for the role of genetics we used the ratio of the rates of nonsynonymous (amino acid changing) to synonymous (leaving the amino acid unchanged) nucleotide substitutions,Ka/Ks. Because most nonsynonymous substitutions are likely to be slightly deleterious and thus selected against, this ratio is a measure of the inefficiency of selection: if large (but less than 1), it implies a low efficiency of selection against nonsynonymous mutations. As a result, nonsynonymous mutations may accumulate and thus contribute to extinction. As a proxy for the role of ecology we used body massW, with which most extinction‐related ecological traits strongly correlate. As a measure of extinction risk we used species’ affiliation with the five levels of extinction threat according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. We calculatedKa/Ksfor mitochondrial protein‐coding genes of 211 mammalian species, each of which was characterized by body mass and the level of threat. Using logistic regression analysis, we then constructed a set of logistic regression models of extinction risk on ln(Ka/Ks) and lnW. We found thatKa/Ksand body mass are responsible for a 38% and a 62% increase in extinction risk, respectively. Given that the standard error of these values is 13%, the contribution of genetic factors to extinction risk in mammals is estimated to be one‐quarter to one‐half of the total of ecological and genetic effects. We conclude that the effect of genetics on extinction is significant, though it is almost certainly smaller than the effect of ecological traits.SynthesisMutation provides the material for evolution. However, most mutations that play a role in evolution are slightly deleterious and thus may contribute to extinction. We assess the role of mitochondrial DNA mutations in mammalian extinction risk and find it to be one‐quarter to one‐half of the total of mutation and body mass effects, where body mass represents an integral measure of extinction‐related ecological traits. Genetic factors may be all the more important, because ecological traits associated with large body mass would both promote and protect from extinction, while mutation accumulation caused by low effective population size seems to have no counterbalance.
Human leukocyte antigen‐G polymorphism influences the age of onset and autoantibody status in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mariaselvam C. M. , Chaaben A. B. , Salah S. , Charron D. , Krishnamoorthy R. , Tamouza R. , Negi V. S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe study was conducted to investigate the frequency of three gene polymorphisms in the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of human leucocyte antigen‐G (HLA‐G) gene in south Indian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and analyze their influence on disease susceptibility, phenotype and treatment response. HLA‐G 14 bp insertion (Ins)/deletion (del) (rs66554220), HLA‐G +3142G>C (rs1063320) and +3187A>G (rs9380142) polymorphism was analyzed in 221 RA patients and 200 healthy controls. Frequency of HLA‐G genotypes or alleles did not differ between patients and controls. Analysis based on rheumatoid factor (RF) status revealed that the frequency of allele ‘A’ (rs9380142) was significantly higher in RF‐positive than in RF‐negative patients [84% vs 74%, Yates‐corrected P value (Pc) = 0.04, odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0–3.2]. A similar difference was maintained in RF‐positive female patients than their RF‐negative counterparts (83% vs 71%, Pc = 0.02, OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.0 to 3.4) and between RF‐positive and RF‐negative young onset RA (YORA) patients (84% vs 73%, Pc = 0.03, OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.0–3.2), suggesting that rs9380142 polymorphism influenced RF status. The 14 bp Ins allele of rs66554220 was significantly more prevalent in RF‐positive YORA than in RF‐positive late onset RA (LORA) patients (51% vs 25%, P = 0.03, OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.1–9.8). Frequency of the four major haplotypes [InsGA (48%), DelGA (22%), DelCG (18%), DelCA (9.7%)] observed did not differ between cases and controls. HLA‐G does not appear to be a risk factor for development of RA in south Indian Tamils but may act as a genetic modifier of clinical phenotype in terms of autoantibody production, gender preference and age at disease onset.