bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Aspect of Live Supervision: The Pathological Triangle
Authors: Westheafer Charles 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA model of live supervision is developed that asserts that when live supervision is ineffective in producing change in the trainee's behaviour and consequently in the family's problem behaviour, this can be the result of the formation of a pathological triangle in the therapeutic system, consisting of the family, the trainee and the supervisor. The pathological triangle, with its incongruent hierarchy, is seen as a defence against issues of attachment‐detachment in the supervisor and the trainee. The triangle formed in the therapeutic system is characterised by the same systemic metaphor as that presented by the family. Intervening in. and disrupting the triangle is seen as resolving issues of attachment‐detachment in the therapeutic members. The role of the live supervisor and the supervisor of supervision is discussed.
Interspecific variation in the microanatomy of cosmetid harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores)
Authors: Rodriguez Andrea L. , Townsend Victor R. , Johnson Megan B. , White Tara B. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTScanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a useful tool for identifying interspecific variation in often overlooked structures that may represent useful sources for informative phylogenetic characters. In this study, we used SEM to compare the morphology of 12 cosmetid species from Central America, the Caribbean, and North America including multiple species for the genera Cynorta, Erginulus, and Paecilaema. To determine if microanatomical structures were unique to the cosmetid taxa under examination, we investigated the microanatomical structures of six additional species of gonyleptoidean harvestmen representing the families Agoristenidae, Cranaidae, Gonyleptidae, Manaosbiidae, and Stygnidae. Our results indicate that the shape of the ocularium (narrow, intermediate, or broad) did not vary within cosmetid genera, whereas the morphology of the rough pit glands on the eye mound varied considerably between species. Each cosmetid species had 10–20 rough pit glands on the ocularium whereas only the eye mounds of Avima intermedia (Agoristenidae) and Glysterus sp. (Gonyleptidae) had similar structures. With regards to the surface texture of the dorsal scutum, cosmetid harvestmen exhibited a rivulose‐microgranulate morphology (6 species), a microtuberculate‐rivulose‐microrgranulate morphology (4 species), or a microgranulate morphology (2 species). In contrast, each of the gonyleptoidean species exhibited a microgranulate pattern, with the exception of Stygnoplus clavotibialis, which had a rivulose‐microgranulate surface texture. For cosmetid harvestmen, we observed considerable interspecific variation in the shape and number of teeth on the fixed and moveable fingers of the male chelicerae. Similarly, we also observed interspecific variation in the distribution and shape of tubercles on the ventral and dorsal surfaces of the femur of the pedipalp. Overall, our results indicate that there are several microanatomical structures associated with the ocularium, dorsal scutum, male chelicera, and pedipalp that could represent informative phylogenetic characters in future taxonomic studies of cosmetid harvestmen. J. Morphol. 275:1386–1405, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Climatic variations in Central America: further exploration
Authors: Polzin Dierk , Guirola Luis Garcia , Hastenrath Stefan 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTResuming earlier work and based on recently available data sources, this study explores interannual rainfall variability in Central America and underlying circulation mechanisms during 1958–2012. With the changes of circulation in the annual cycle, precipitation increases into May–June, become scarcer in July–August (JA), yet most abundant in September–October; the edge of the Atlantic subtropical high extending westward most markedly and the Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) retreating southward in JA. Interannual variations of rainfall are accompanied with circulation changes involving vertical motion over Central America. Overall, with weaker Atlantic trade winds southerly wind component over Pacific tends to be stronger and Central America rains more abundant. Regarding long‐term variations from protracted dry regime 1971–1978 to protracted wet regime 2005–2012, on the Atlantic side ocean surface warmed, pressure dropped, trade winds weakened, whereas over the Pacific northward pressure gradient and winds increased. The study builds on work half a century ago and extends analysis into the most recent decades, using recent and updated circulation and raingauge data sets.
Altitudinal and latitudinal dependence of future warming in Taiwan simulated by WRF nested with ECHAM5/MPIOM
Authors: Lin Chuan‐Yao , Chua Ying‐Jea , Sheng Yang‐Fan , Hsu Huang‐Hsiung , Cheng Chao‐Tzuen , Lin Yi‐Yin 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIt is difficult and inadequate to use a global model alone for projecting future climate changes in areas such as Taiwan, a complex geographic nature island, due to its coarse resolution. In this study, we have performed dynamic downscaling of Taiwan's climate in the recent past (1979–2003) and climate change projection for the near and distant future (2015–2039 and 2075–2099, respectively) by using the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model. The simulation is forced by the Max Plank Institute Hamburg, global model, ECHAM5/MPIOM. Simulation results showed close correlation between fine‐resolution downscaling by WRF nested with ECHAM5/MPIOM and the actual observation data for the period 1979–2003. Projection of future climate changes revealed both altitudinal and latitudinal variations in warming trend, with more significant temperature increase in mountain areas than in plain areas towards the end of the 21st century and more obvious warming in the north than in the south of Taiwan. The results obtained in this study can be applied to other regions of similar latitudes and with comparable relief.
Effect of ethanol, dry extract and reducing sugars on density and viscosity of Brazilian red wines
Authors: Neto Flávia SPP , de Castilhos Maurício BM , Telis Vânia RN , Telis‐Romero Javier 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDDensity and viscosity are properties that exert great influence on the body of wines. The present work aimed to evaluate the influence of the alcoholic content, dry extract, and reducing sugar content on density and viscosity of commercial dry red wines at different temperatures. The rheological assays were carried out on a controlled stress rheometer, using concentric cylinder geometry at seven temperatures (2, 8, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 26 °C).RESULTSWine viscosity decreased with increasing temperature and density was directly related to the wine alcohol content, whereas viscosity was closely linked to the dry extract. Reducing sugars did not influence viscosity or density. Wines produced from Italian grapes were presented as full‐bodied with higher values for density and viscosity, which was linked to the higher alcohol content and dry extract, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe results highlighted the major effects of certain physicochemical properties on the physical properties of wines, which in turn is important for guiding sensory assessments. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Cancer staging in outcomes assessment
Authors: Greene Frederick L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe T N M staging system created by a surgeon in the 1950s continues to be a major benchmark for assessing long‐term outcomes in adult solid tumors. Although several major changes have occurred in this anatomical staging system, the tenets of TNM staging remain constant. Recently molecular markers and biologic modifiers have been added to this anatomical staging system to create a more robust outcomes tool. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:616–620. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exome sequencing as a second‐tier diagnostic approach for clinically suspected dysferlinopathy patients
Authors: Bartoli Marc , Desvignes Jean‐Pierre , Nicolas Levy , Martin Krahn 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Autosomal recessive muscular dystrophies are heterogeneous genetic disorders, with 39 genes currently implicated. Genetic diagnosis using targeted single‐gene analysis by Sanger sequencing yields negative results in 10−20% of samples, warranting clinical re‐evaluation and time‐consuming testing of additional genes. This applies to dysferlinopathies caused by mutations in the gene encoding dysferlin (DYSF), which presents mainly as limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) or distal myopathy. Methods: We evaluated exome sequencing associated with data filtering for selected genes as a second‐tier approach for genetic diagnosis in a cohort of 37 patients with an initial negative result on targeted DYSF analysis. Results: Exome sequencing allowed for establishing (16%) or suggesting (8%) the molecular diagnosis by implicating other known LGMD or distal myopathy genes or by revealing DYSF mutations previously missed using mutation‐screening techniques with incomplete detection yields. Conclusions: Exome sequencing associated with data filtering constitutes an efficient second‐tier analysis for genes implicated in LGMD or distal myopathies. Muscle Nerve 50: 1007–1010, 2014
Performance comparisons of greedy algorithms in compressed sensing
Authors: Blanchard Jeffrey D. , Tanner Jared 
Published: July 2014

SummaryCompressed sensing has motivated the development of numerous sparse approximation algorithms designed to return a solution to an underdetermined system of linear equations where the solution has the fewest number of nonzeros possible, referred to as the sparsest solution. In the compressed sensing setting, greedy sparse approximation algorithms have been observed to be both able to recover the sparsest solution for similar problem sizes as other algorithms and to be computationally efficient; however, little theory is known for their average case behavior. We conduct a large‐scale empirical investigation into the behavior of three of the state of the art greedy algorithms: Normalized Iterative Hard Thresholding (NIHT), Hard Thresholding Pursuit (HTP), and CSMPSP. The investigation considers a variety of random classes of linear systems. The regions of the problem size in which each algorithm is able to reliably recover the sparsest solution is accurately determined, and throughout this region, additional performance characteristics are presented. Contrasting the recovery regions and the average computational time for each algorithm, we present algorithm selection maps, which indicate, for each problem size, which algorithm is able to reliably recover the sparsest vector in the least amount of time. Although no algorithm is observed to be uniformly superior, NIHT is observed to have an advantageous balance of large recovery region, absolute recovery time, and robustness of these properties to additive noise across a variety of problem classes. A principle difference between the NIHT and the more sophisticated HTP and CSMPSP is the balance of asymptotic convergence rate against computational cost prior to potential support set updates. The data suggest that NIHT is typically faster than HTP and CSMPSP because of greater flexibility in updating the support that limits unnecessary computation on incorrect support sets. The algorithm selection maps presented here are the first of their kind for compressed sensing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silica‐carrying particulate matter enhances Bjerkandera adusta‐induced murine lung eosinophilia
Authors: He Miao , Ichinose Takamichi , Liu Boying , Song Yuan , Yoshida Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Fumihisa , Maki Teruya , Yoshida Seiichi , Nishikawa Masataka , Takano Hirohisa , Sun Guifan 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTBjerkandera adusta (B. adusta) causes fungus‐associated chronic cough. However, the inflammatory response is not yet fully understood. Recently, B. adusta was identified in Asian sand dust (ASD) aerosol. This study investigated the enhancing effects of ASD on B. adusta‐induced lung inflammation. B. adusta was inactivated by formalin. ASD was heated to remove toxic organic substances. ICR mice were intratracheally instilled with saline, B. adusta 0.2 µg, or B. adusta 0.8 µg with or without heated ASD 0.1 mg (H‐ASD), four times at 2‐week intervals. Two in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate any enhancing effects using bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM) from Toll‐like receptor (TLR) knockout mice and ICR mice. Co‐exposure to H‐ASD and B. adusta, especially at high doses, caused eosinophil infiltration, proliferation of goblet cells in the airway, and fibrous thickening of the subepithelial layer, and remarkable increases in expression of Th2 cytokines and eosinophil‐related cytokine and chemokine expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In the in vitro study using BMDM from wild‐type, TLR2−/−, and TLR4−/− mice, the TLR‐signaling pathway for cytokine production caused by B. adusta was predominantly TLR2 rather than TLR4. H‐ASD increased the expression of NF‐κB and cytokine production by B. adusta in BMDM from ICR mice. The results suggest that co‐exposure to H‐ASD and B. adusta caused aggravated lung eosinophilia via remarkable increases of pro‐inflammatory mediators. The aggravation of inflammation may be related, at least in part, to the activation of the TLR2–NF‐κB signaling pathway in antigen presenting cells by H‐ASD. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 93–105, 2016.
Barriers to climate‐adaptive management: A survey of wildlife researchers and managers in Wisconsin
Authors: Hagell Suzanne , Ribic Christine A. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTResource management agencies must be able to integrate current research into their decision‐making to effectively address climate change impacts. In this study, we investigated the capacity for climate‐adaptive management by surveying the community of researchers, administrators, and field managers who are responsible for wildlife conservation in the state of Wisconsin, USA. We specifically measured differences in how these sectors perceive climate change risk, communicate, and make decisions to represent barriers in how they transmit and use research. We frame these barriers within the literature on evidence‐based and adaptive management and risk psychology, as principles that underlie climate change adaptation. Almost all respondents agreed that the climate is changing (223/224), but 22% of the respondents were unsure whether climate change is negative for wildlife and field managers dominated this group (68%). Field managers also reported using components of adaptive management more frequently than did other sectors, but all three questioned the importance of one specific component: predicting the consequence of management before implementation. When seeking information, researchers preferred communicating via published literature, but managers and administrators reported a preference for in‐person communication. Although only 29% of the respondents were currently involved in climate change work, 77% said they would get involved without additional incentives or direction at work. These results confirm a common pattern of barriers between research and management sectors across all scales of decision‐making. Overall, results suggest that in‐person and problem‐based communication that is focused on real decisions and that utilizes social networks are a way to enable resource management communities to effectively confront these barriers. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Pain: a prevalent feature in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis. Results of a cross‐sectional national survey
Authors: Brands Marion M. G. , Güngör Deniz , den van Hout Johanna M. P. , Karstens Francois P. J. , Oussoren Esmee , Plug Iris , Boelens Jaap Jan , van Hasselt Peter M. , Hollak Carla E. M. , Mulder Margot F. , Gozalbo Estela Rubio , Smeitink Jan A. , Smit G. Peter A. , Wijburg Frits A. , Meutgeert Hanka , van der Ploeg Ans T. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundWhile clinical observations suggest that many patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) experience chronic pain, few studies have assessed its extent and impact. We therefore investigated its prevalence in patients with all types of MPS in the Netherlands. We also examined the association between pain and health related quality of life (HRQoL) and other clinical variables.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide MPS survey that used questionnaires on MPS and disease‐related symptoms (MPS‐specific questionnaire), developmental level (Vineland Screener 0–6 years), quality of life (PedsQl and SF‐36), and disability (Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire). Depending on their age and developmental level, patients or their parents were asked to assess pain by keeping a pain diary for five consecutive days: either the Non‐communicating Children's Pain Checklist – Revised (3–18 years intellectually disabled and children <8 years), the VAS‐score (> 18 years), or the Faces Pain Scale – Revised (8–18 years).ResultsEighty‐nine MPS patients were invited, 55 of whom agreed to participate (response rate 62 %; median age 10.9 years, range 2.9–47.2 years). They covered a wide spectrum in all age groups, ranging from no pain to severe pain. Forty percent scored above the cut‐off value for pain. Most reported pain sites were the back and hips. While the MPS III group experienced the highest frequency of pain (52.9 %), 50 % of patients with an intellectual disability seemed to experience pain, versus 30 % of patients with a normal intelligence. MPS patients scored much lower (i.e., more pain) than a random sample of the Dutch population on the bodily pain domain of the SF‐36 scale and the PedsQl.ConclusionWith or without intellectual disabilities, many MPS patients experience pain. We recommend that standardized pain assessments are included in the regular follow‐up program of patients with MPS.
Broadcasting Populist Leadership: Hugo Chávez and Aló Presidente
Authors: FRAJMAN EDUARDO 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe transcripts of the television programme Aló Presidente, the centrepiece of President Hugo Chávez's media strategy, provide insight into the different ways in which his movement promoted the image of its leader and sought to solidify his emotionally charged connection with the Venezuelan masses. The study outlines the dynamics behind the changing format and content of Aló Presidente and places it within the context of earlier research on populist media use in Latin America. Although similar to its predecessors, the programme was a unique creation of Chavismo, designed to balance Chávez's knack for improvisation with a structure designed to curb his excesses and keep him on message. This led to occasional tension between Chávez and the media professionals charged with the programme's production. The article provides a corrective to inaccurate treatments in the media and scholarly literature, and offers new information on Aló Presidente to facilitate future comparative studies.
Misnaming Social Conflict: ‘Identity’, Land and Family Histories in aQuilombolaCommunity in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: BOYER VÉRONIQUE 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article addresses an internal conflict that arose in an Amazonian village when it adopted an officially recognisedquilombolaidentity. It argues that this issue, which tends to be interpreted in terms of identity, is in fact primarily social. Indeed, the divergent positions adopted by different groups of relatives need to be examined in relation to the dynamics of socio-economic differentiation linked to family histories. The article shows that the conflict related back to power struggles between dominant groups of relatives and that the questions about the limits of the group reflected preoccupations concerning who held legitimate authority to make decisions about the future of the village. By analysing some of the assumptions of the current debate about multiculturalism and ethnicity in Amazonia, this article contributes to the wider discussion about these issues in Brazil and, more broadly, in Latin America.
Physical constraints at design of a high current inductor
Authors: Kharlov A.V. , Kovalchuk B.M. , Kumpyak E.V. , Smorudov G.V. , Tsoy N.V. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHigh voltage, high current inductors are required for many high pulsed power systems, incorporating capacitor banks. Those inductors simultaneously serve both as a pulse shaping and protection element in R-L-C circuits. A 25 kV/70 kA protection inductor on inductance of 1 mH with low stray field was designed, manufactured, and tested. It was designed as a quasi-toroidal system, consisting of four coils (with 0.25 mH inductance each) evenly distributed in the perimeter of a square. The structure of coils was optimized to withstand a huge electromagnetic force produced by a 70 kA current. The 0.25 mH coil is made as multi-layer solenoid (six layers) from a copper wire (6 × 4 mm2 net cross-section) with fiberglass insulation. Layers are connected in parallel in order to decrease active resistance of the coil. This 0.25 mH coil was tested at 70 kA peak current with a pulse length of about 20 ms, which corresponds to the action integral at about 32 × 106 A2s. Maximum magnetic field inside the coil is about 12 T. A finite element analysis with the ELCUT software was used to calculate the magnetic field, temperature rise, and stresses in the protection inductor. The typical maximum stresses in our design are 100 MPa in copper coils and 140 MPa in fiberglass body tubes; these are both below the yield strength for these materials. Simulations results are compared with the experimental tests and good agreement is observed.
Whistleblowing and the Bioethicist’s Public Obligations
Authors: MACDOUGALL D. ROBERT 
Published: July 2014

Abstract:Bioethicists are sometimes thought to have heightened obligations by virtue of the fact that their professional role addresses ethics or morals. For this reason it has been argued that bioethicists ought to “whistleblow”—that is, publicly expose the wrongful or potentially harmful activities of their employer—more often than do other kinds of employees. This article argues that bioethicists do indeed have a heightened obligation to whistleblow, but not because bioethicists have heightened moral obligations in general. Rather, the special duties of bioethicists to act as whistleblowers are best understood by examining the nature of the ethical dilemma typically encountered by private employees and showing why bioethicists do not encounter this dilemma in the same way. Whistleblowing is usually understood as a moral dilemma involving conflicting duties to two parties: the public and a private employer. However, this article argues that this way of understanding whistleblowing has the implication that professions whose members identify their employer as the public—such as government employees or public servants—cannot consider whistleblowing a moral dilemma, because obligations are ultimately owed to only one party: the public. The article contends that bioethicists—even when privately employed—are similar to government employees in the sense that they do not have obligations to defer to the judgments of those with private interests. Consequently, bioethicists may be considered to have a special duty to whistleblow, although for different reasons than those usually cited.