bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of motivational interviewing to promote weight loss in obese children
Authors: Wong Emmy MY , Cheng May MH 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo assess the effects of motivational interviewing for obese children and telephone consultation for parents to promote weight loss in obese children.BackgroundChildhood obesity is a worldwide health problem that leads to serious metabolic and physiological consequences. An effective intervention to manage obesity is essential. Motivational interviewing is designed to resolve ambivalence, enhance intrinsic motivation and promote confidence in a person's ability to make behaviour changes. It has shown promise in the adult obesity literature as effecting positive health behaviour changes. Motivational interviewing has also been proposed as an effective method for improving the weight loss of obese children.DesignA pre–post quasi‐experimental design with repeated measures was used.MethodsThe study was conducted in four primary schools over an 11‐month period in 2010–2011. Obese children (n = 185) were screened from 791 school children studying the equivalent toUKgrades 5 and 6 and were divided into three groups: motivational interviewing, motivational interviewing+ and a control group. The motivational interviewing group (n = 70) children were provided with motivational interviewing counselling; the motivational interviewing+ group (n = 66) children were provided with motivational interviewing counselling while telephone consultation was provided for their parents; and the control group did not receive any intervention (n = 49).ResultsChildren in both the motivational interviewing and motivational interviewing+ groups showed significant improvement in their weight‐related behaviour and obesity‐related anthropometric measures from the baseline to the end of the 14‐week intervention, while the control group had significant deterioration in their anthropometric measures.ConclusionMotivational interviewing appears to be a promising intervention for promoting weight loss in obese children. Motivational interviewing counselling may be extended to obese children of different age groups.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study indicates that motivational interviewing is a useful method for improving behaviour changes in eating, physical activity and weight loss for obese children, suggesting the benefits of such intervention.
Pharmacokinetics and perioperative efficacy of intravenous ketorolac in dogs
Authors: Cagnardi P. , Zonca A. , Gallo M. , Villa R. , Carli S. , Beccaglia M. , Fonda D. , Ravasio G. 
Published: March 2013

Ketorolac (KET) is a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug approved for the use in humans that possesses a potent analgesic activity, comparable to morphine, and could represent a useful tool to control acute pain also in animals. The clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of intravenous (IV) ketorolac tromethamine (0.5 mg/kg) were studied in 15 dogs undergoing gonadectomy. Intra‐operative cardiorespiratory variables were monitored, and post‐operative pain was assessed using a subjective pain score (0–24) in all dogs, whereas the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug was determined in 10 animals. During surgery, mean minimal alveolar concentration of isoflurane was 1.69 ± 0.11%, and normocapnia and spontaneous ventilation were maintained in all animals. During pain assessment, no significant differences between males and females were found, and in no case rescue analgesia was necessary. No adverse effects were reported. Serum samples were purified by solid‐phase extraction and analysed by HPLC with UV‐Vis detection. A large variability was observed in serum concentrations. The kinetics of ketorolac was described by a noncompartmental analysis. The elimination half‐life (t½λz) and ClB were 10.95 ± 7.06 h and 92.66 ± 84.49 mL/h/kg, respectively, and Vdss and Vz were 1030.09 ± 620.50 mL/kg and 1512.25 ± 799.13 mL/kg, respectively. AUC(0→last) and MRT(0→last) were 6.08 ± 3.28 h × μg/mL and 5.59 ± 2.12 h, respectively. The results indicate that ketorolac possess good post‐operative analgesic effects until about 6 h after administration in dogs undergoing moderately painful surgery.
Sturgeon conservation genomics: SNP discovery and validation using RAD sequencing
Authors: Ogden R. , Gharbi K. , Mugue N. , Martinsohn J. , Senn H. , Davey J. W. , Pourkazemi M. , McEwing R. , Eland C. , Vidotto M. , Sergeev A. , Congiu L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCaviar‐producing sturgeons belonging to the genus Acipenser are considered to be one of the most endangered species groups in the world. Continued overfishing in spite of increasing legislation, zero catch quotas and extensive aquaculture production have led to the collapse of wild stocks across Europe and Asia. The evolutionary relationships among Adriatic, Russian, Persian and Siberian sturgeons are complex because of past introgression events and remain poorly understood. Conservation management, traceability and enforcement suffer a lack of appropriate DNA markers for the genetic identification of sturgeon at the species, population and individual level. This study employed RAD sequencing to discover and characterize single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA markers for use in sturgeon conservation in these four tetraploid species over three biological levels, using a single sequencing lane. Four population meta‐samples and eight individual samples from one family were barcoded separately before sequencing. Analysis of 14.4 Gb of paired‐end RAD data focused on the identification of SNPs in the paired‐end contig, with subsequent in silico and empirical validation of candidate markers. Thousands of putatively informative markers were identified including, for the first time, SNPs that show population‐wide differentiation between Russian and Persian sturgeons, representing an important advance in our ability to manage these cryptic species. The results highlight the challenges of genotyping‐by‐sequencing in polyploid taxa, while establishing the potential genetic resources for developing a new range of caviar traceability and enforcement tools.
Qualities of High-Strength Lightweight Concrete Used for Construction
of Arctic Offshore Platform
Authors: Tachibana D. , Imai M. , Okada T. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Concrete employed in oil exploration and production platforms for use in shallow offshore zones of the Arctic Ocean is required to be lightweight, yet high strength, and moreover possess adequate resistance to freezing and thawing. Generally speaking, lightweight concrete, using artificial lightweight aggregate, has lower freeze-thaw resistance and this presents a serious problem. The study reported here was carried out on the freeze-thaw durability, constructibility and other properties of high-strength lightweight concrete. This paper especially points out the governing factors influenzing freeze-thaw durability of this type of concrete and describes a method of manufacturing concrete possessing superior durability.
Brittle Fracture in Heavy Section Welded T-Joints: Correlation
Between Stress Intensity at Fracture and Small-Specimen Toughness
Tests
Authors: Tyson W. R. , Vosikovsky O. , Faucher B. , Burns D. J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A fracture mechanics analysis has been made of brittle fractures encountered during a program of fatigue tests of welded plate T-joints. Fracture toughnesses are in reasonable agreement with small-sample test results, if the following factors are taken into account: a specimen size effect (with larger samples having lower toughness); existence of a substantial contribution to the stress intensity factor from residual stresses; and shakedown of residual stresses, with shakedown increasing with increasing applied stress.
Probabilistic Pseudo-Static Analysis of Risers
Authors: Ahmad Suhail , Datta T. K. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Under many sea states, the marine risers behave in a quasi-static manner. The statistics of the response of the marine risers to random sea states producing quasi-static loading is determined using the spectral description of the sea states. The analysis procedure is similar to that proposed by Burrows [2] for offshore structures. The distribution of the response obtained by the proposed method is compared with those derived from the simulation studies in which ensemble of response time histories is computed from artificially generated histories of water particle kinematics for a given sea state. The results of the study indicate that the distribution of the quasi-static response can be adequately modeled by Pierson-Holmes [4] distribution.
Structure-Wave Interaction Under Earthquake
Excitation
Authors: Kokkinowrachos K. , Thanos I. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A method for the hydrodynamic analysis of large bottom-fixed offshore structures under earthquake action is presented. The investigation deals with arbitrarily shaped vertical bodies of revolution, to which the so-called macroelement method can be applied. The structure is considered here as rigid, the compressibility of the surrounding water has been taken into account. Numerical results for several bottom-mounted structures give information on the earthquake-induced hydrodynamic forces and their parts (added mass and damping). The effectiveness of the macroelement method is demonstrated. The influence of geometrical shape, relative dimensions, water depth and water compressibility is shown.
Wave Attenuation, Mudslide, and Structural Analyses for Mississippi
Delta/Main Pass Caisson
Authors: Clukey E. C. , Maller A. V. , Murff J. D. , Goodwin R. H. , Miller M. C. , Ebelhar R. J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The environmental loads associated with the design of a caisson-type structure in a mudslide region are largely dependent upon the interaction of waves with the seabottom. This wave-seabottom interaction results in both an attenuation of wave energy as the waves propagate over the soft soils, as well as the generation of mudslide loads at the platform site. These effects were investigated for the design of a 14-ft-dia caisson in the Main Pass region of the Mississippi Delta. The proposed structure was planned for installation in about 100-ft water depth in very soft underconsolidated soils, typical of the Mississippi Delta region. The potential for wave attenuation was investigated analytically by considering the change in response spectra from deep water to the platform site. Regional soil conditions were used for this part of the investigation. The results obtained from the analytical modeling were in good agreement with field measurements obtained from another part of the Delta. Mudslide thicknesses were determined based on site specific soil data and the design wave for the platform site. The predicted mudslides also agreed favorably with the geological interpretations for the area. Once the design waves and mudslide thicknesses were determined, structural analyses were performed to determine the bending moments and dynamic response for the caisson. Overall, the improved analytical methodology used in the investigation and the availability of field data to verify the results allowed for a more economic platform design.
Regional Design Ground Motion Criteria for the Southern Bering
Sea
Authors: Vyas Y. K. , Crouse C. B. , Schell B. A. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This paper discusses the development of earthquake design criteria for the Southern Bering Sea—Aleutian Shelf region. The study reported herein was primarily motivated by a high level of seismic activity along the Aleutian Shelf and its potential impact on the design of future offshore and onshore facilities in the region. The criteria were developed for the Strength Level Earthquake (SLE) and Ductility Level Earthquake (DLE). The SLE has an average return period of 200 yr, while the DLE has a return period on the order of 1000’s of years. The criteria were based on the results of probabilistic and deterministic seismic hazard analyses of the region. The probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (SHA) were performed to establish 5 percent damped pseudovelocities (PSV) associated with an average return period of 200 yr for various sites in the region. Although seven seismotectonic provinces were considered, the larger moment magnitude events (Mw &gt; 8.5) occurring in the shallow subduction province contribute most to the 200-yr PSV. A DLE event of Mw 9.2 was selected deterministically to be the maximum earthquake likely to occur in the region based on the tectonics and the historic seismicity. Both SLE and DLE events are associated with major ruptures along the postulated Shumagin-Unalaska seismic gap. Because no earthquake records exist for such severe earthquakes, the design ground motion criteria were partly established using a computer program to simulate ground motions for giant subduction zone earthquakes. Because the SLE and DLE events are similar and because ground motions do not increase significantly beyond Mw = 8.5, the DLE pseudovelocity spectra are about only 10 to 20 percent greater than the SLE spectra. The SLE spectra were compared with the API RP 2A [1] design spectra for this region and significant differences were noted for the region north of the Aleutian Islands. The revised zoning map recommended in this study is believed to provide more realistic standards for the seismic design of future facilities in the region.
Dynamics of Disconnected Risers Under Rigid and Compliant
Hang-Off
Authors: Patrikalakis N. M. , Yoon D. Y. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
An efficient solution scheme to simulate the nonlinear motions of hanging risers based on an adaptive nonuniform grid finite difference method and an implicit time integration scheme is presented. Dynamic buckling-type response of hanging risers under rigid hang-off due to heave acceleration of the support platform in extreme excitation conditions is studied, and the important parameters affecting the response are identified. Significant reduction of motions and resulting stresses is obtained by employing compliant hang-off.
Axial Rupture in Underwater Pipelines
Authors: Crentsil K. , Hauptmann E. G. , Hill P. G. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The propagation of axial cracks in underwater pipelines was investigated by means of small-scale pipe experiments. The purpose of the experiments was to determine the effect of external water environment on crack opening characteristics. The development of the axial rupture was recorded by high-speed photography; measurements were made of the internal depressurization transient and the axial strain field. The measured depressurization histories agreed with the predictions of a one-dimensional transient fluid flow code. Results presented for underwater and in-air tests show that the external water environment produces a slower crack and a smaller crack opening area. A steady-state energy balance analysis was performed to investigate the various energy dissipation mechanisms present during pipe rupture. This analysis confirmed that the added inertial mass effect of the surrounding water may account for the reduction in crack speed and opening area.
Design Accuracy of Offshore Gas Pipelines Operated in the Two-Phase
Flow Mode
Authors: Oliemans R. V. A. , Pots B. F. M. , Wu H. L. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The predictive power of a two-phase flow design method, consisting of one-dimensional flow models depending both on flow regime and pipe inclination, has been investigated by comparing predicted pressure losses and liquid hold-ups with pipeline data collected under actual conditions. For this purpose, Shell’s database of controlled field tests in large-size gas pipelines was extended with data obtained in an 8-in. high-pressure two-phase flow test facility with gas and condensate as flowing media. It was concluded that the predictive power was reasonable for wide ranges of flow conditions, but that liquid entrainment is to be incorporated in models to remove conservatism from liquid hold-up predictions.
The Lateral Drifting Forces and Moments on Two Ships in Proximity in
Waves
Authors: Fang M.-C. , Kim C. H. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
An analytical procedure for evaluating the lateral drifting forces and moments between two ships in oblique waves by near-field method is presented in this paper. The velocity potential, including the hydrodynamic interactions are evaluated by a two-dimensional sink-source technique. Then the strip theory is applied to calculate the sectional force and the drifting forces and moments of the whole ships can be obtained by Simpson rules. Four components of the mean drifting force are obtained in which the relative wave term is dominant, whereas the Bernoulli quadratic component is secondary. The negative drifting force is observed at some frequency for the ship which is in the weather side of the wave. The lateral drifting force even occurs while the ships are in the head or following seas, which is consistent with the real physical phenomena at sea. The present technique offers the theoretical explanation for nonlinear phenomena between two ships in waves and will be helpful for the further practical study in random waves.
A Three-Dimensional Dynamic Model for Determining the Equilibrium
Configurations of Buoyantly Unstable Icebergs
Authors: Jessup R. G. , Venkatesh S. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This paper describes a dynamic model developed for the purpose of determining the final equilibrium configurations of buoyantly unstable icebergs. The model places no restrictions on the size, shape, or dimensionality of the iceberg, or on the variation range of the configuration coordinates. Furthermore, it includes all six degrees of freedom and is based on a Lagrangian formulation of the dynamic equations of motion. It can be used to advantage in those situations in which the iceberg has a complicated potential function and can acquire enough momentum and kinetic energy in the initial phase of its motion to make its final configuration uncertain on the basis of a static potential analysis. The behavior of the model is examined through several model simulations. The sensitivity of the final equilibrium position to the initial orientation and shape of the iceberg is clearly evident in the model simulations. Model simulations also show that when an iceberg is released from a nonequilibrium initial state, the time taken for it to settle down varies from about 40 s for a growler to nearly 400 s for a large iceberg. While these absolute times may change with better parameterization of the forces, the relative variations with iceberg size are likely to be preserved.
A Load Combination Method for Aseismic Design of Multiple Supported
Piping Systems
Authors: Suzuki K. , Sone A. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A new load combination scheme for seismic response calculation of piping systems subjected to multiple support excitations is presented. This scheme has an advantage, such that the cross-correlation among support excitations are properly taken into account by use of a stationary random vibration approach. The authors also present the idea of generating a “multi-excitation floor response spectrum.” First, using a simple analytical SDOF piping system to two support excitations and a simple Z-shaped piping model for shaking test, the combination law is supplied to various correlation cases of two support excitations and the maximum responses of piping in a fundamental mode is calculated. Second, nonlinear characteristics such as gap and friction appearing between piping itself and supports are specifically investigated. The response effect due to these nonlinearities is evaluated by the results through the shaking test with a piping-support structural model, and the amount of response reduction effect is represented by “a response reduction factor β.”
Design of Composite Cylindrical Vessels for Fluid
Loading
Authors: Banks W. M. , Tooth A. S. , Wilson P. M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A theoretical approach is presented to examine the problem of the fluid loading of a simply supported Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) composite cylindrical pipe. The shell layup is composed of specially orthotropic layers, the arrangement of which may be nonsymmetrical through the wall thickness. The theory is developed using Sanders’ thin shell theory, neglecting the effect of transverse shear. An example of the use of the method is given, where the behavior of a horizontal pipe is examined when it is partially or totally filled with fluid. Three layups are examined, one of an isotropic construction using chopped strand mat (CSM) and two of a laminated construction.
Finite Element Analyses of a Butterfly Valve Assembly
Authors: Goksel B. , Rencis J. J. , Noori M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Two and three-dimensional finite element analyses of a butterfly valve assembly subjected to static fluid pressure were carried out using commercial code ANSYS. Good agreement between the experimental and finite element results were obtained. Sensitivity of results to various boundary and loading conditions was also investigated.
A Fourier Series Back-Computation Method for the Parting-Out Step in
Residual Stress Measurements in Pipes
Authors: Shadley J. R. , Sorem J. R. , Rybicki E. F. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The first step in a widely used destructive procedure for measuring through-thickness residual stresses in pipes is a parting-out step in which a coupon is cut from the wall of the pipe. Strain gages provide information on the stress changes that take place at the two surfaces of the coupon when the coupon is removed. Back-computation methods are applied to the laboratory data to provide estimates of the residual stresses that were in the pipe before the coupon was parted-out. The laboratory data needed for the back-computation method are the residual stress distribution in the parted-out coupon, and the stress changes that occured at the surfaces of the coupon when it was parted-out. A simple back-computation method for the parting-out step assumes that the changes that occur in the through-thickness stress distribution of the coupon when it is parted out can be described by a straight line, the end points of the line being determined by the stress changes at the surfaces of the coupon. However, if the width of the coupon in the circumferential direction is small (which is often the case for coupons cut from pipes), this straight line back-computation method can lead to errors in the circumferential residual stress distribution estimate it provides. This paper presents an alternative back-computation procedure based on the Fourier series. Example problems presented in the paper show the Fourier series back-computation method to be accurate, even for narrow coupons, and to be quick and easy to apply.
Stable and Unstable Crack Growth of A508 Class 3 Plates Subjected to
Combined Force of Thermal Shock and Tension
Authors: Yagawa G. , Ando Y. , Ishihara K. , Iwadate T. , Tanaka Y. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
An urgent problem for nuclear power plants is to assess the structural integrity of the reactor pressure vessel under pressurized thermal shock. In order to estimate crack behavior under combined force of thermal shock and tension simulating pressurized thermal shock, two series of experiments are demonstrated: one to study the effect of material deterioration due to neutron irradiation on the fracture behavior, and the other to study the effect of system compliance on fracture behavior. The test results are discussed with the three-dimensional elastic-plastic fracture parameters, J and Jˆ integrals.