bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary safety evaluation of a taurocholate‐conjugated low‐molecular‐weight heparin derivative (LHT7): a potent angiogenesis inhibitor
Authors: Alam Farzana , Chung Seung Woo , Hwang Seung Rim , Kim Ji‐young , Park Jooho , Moon Hyun Tae , Byun Youngro 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn our previous studies, taurocholic acid (TA)‐conjugated low‐molecular‐weight heparin derivative (LHT7) has been proven to be a potent anti‐angiogenic agent by demonstrated successful blockage capability of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF). Preliminary safety evaluations were conducted based on its mechanism of action and chemical behavior. For this purpose, acute toxicity study, and hematological and serological evaluations were carried out. Additionally, in order to evaluate mechanism‐related side effects, both blood pressure and the occurrence of proteinuria were measured using a treatment regime of multiple high doses of LHT7 in a biodistribution study. LD50 values for LHT7 in female and male mice were 56.9 and 64.7 mg kg–1 doses, respectively. There were no vital fluctuations in the serological and hematological parameters, except for the elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at 100 and 200 mg kg–1 doses of LHT7, representing vital changes in the liver function. Moreover, the results of mechanism‐related studies showed that blood pressure at 50 mg kg–1 did not change but showed elevated levels of protein in urine. In the biodistribution study, a slight accumulation of LHT7 in the kidney and the liver were observed at the 50 mg kg–1 repeated dose owing to the presence of bile acid. No fatal damage was observed in this study; most observations were related to the chemical composition or the mechanism of action of the material. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomechanical and antibacterial properties of Tobramycin loaded hydroxyapatite coated fixation pins
Authors: Sörensen Jan Henrik , Lilja Mirjam , Sörensen Torben Christian , Åstrand Maria , Procter Philip , Fuchs Sabine , Strømme Maria , Steckel Hartwig 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe present study investigates the use of nanoporous, biomimetic hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings deposited on TiO2 coated fixation pins as functional implant surfaces for the local release of Tobramycin in order to prevent bacterial colonization. The impact of HA‐coating thickness, coating morphology and biomechanical forces during insertion into synthetic bone on the drug loading and release properties are analyzed. The coatings are shown to exhibit bactericidal effects against Staphylococcus aureus in agar medium for a duration of 6 days after loading by adsorption with Tobramycin for only 5 min at elevated temperature and pressure. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography analysis shows a drug release in phosphate buffered saline for 8 days with antibiotic concentration remaining above the minimal inhibitory concentration for S. aureus during the entire release period. Biomechanical insertion tests into synthetic bone and conventional scratch testing demonstrate adhesive strength at the HA/TiO2 interface. Biocompatibility is verified by cell viability tests. Outgrowth endothelial cells, as well as primary osteoblasts, are viable and firmly attached to both HA and TiO2 surfaces. The results presented are encouraging and support the concept of functional HA coatings as local drug delivery vehicles for biomedical applications to treat as well as to prevent post‐surgical infections. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1381–1392, 2014.
Transcriptional Activation by NFκB Increases Perlecan/HSPG2 Expression in the Desmoplastic Prostate Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Warren Curtis R. , Grindel Brian J. , Francis Lewis , Carson Daniel D. , Farach‐Carson Mary C. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPerlecan/HSPG2, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan typically found at tissue borders including those separating epithelia and connective tissue, increases near sites of invasion of primary prostatic tumors as previously shown for other proteins involved in desmoplastic tissue reaction. Studies of prostate cancer cells and stromal cells from both prostate and bone, the major site for prostate cancer metastasis, showed that cancer cells and a subset of stromal cells increased production of perlecan in response to cytokines present in the tumor microenvironment. In silico analysis of the HSPG2 promoter revealed two conserved NFκB binding sites, in addition to the previously reported SMAD3 binding sites. By systematically transfecting cells with a variety of reporter constructs including sequences up to 2.6 kb from the start site of transcription, we identified an active cis element in the distal region of the HSPG2 promoter, and showed that it functions in regulating transcription of HSPG2. Treatment with TNF‐α and/or TGFβ1 identified TNF‐α as a major cytokine regulator of perlecan production. TNF‐α treatment also triggered p65 nuclear translocation and binding to the HSPG2 regulatory region in stromal cells and cancer cells. In addition to stromal induction of perlecan production in the prostate, we identified a matrix‐secreting bone marrow stromal cell type that may represent the source for increases in perlecan in the metastatic bone marrow environment. These studies implicate perlecan in cytokine‐mediated, innate tissue responses to cancer cell invasion, a process we suggest reflects a modified wound healing tissue response co‐opted by prostate cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1322–1333, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
1,4‐Bis((1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)methylene)thiosemicarbazide Complexes of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II): Single Source Precursor in Thermal Synthesis of Nanoparticle
Authors: Shukla Satyendra N. , Gaur Pratiksha , Rai Nidhi , Mehrotra Ripul 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSix complexes of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) with sulphur containing Schiff base ligand, 1,4‐bis((1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)methylene)thiosemicarbazide in 1:1 and 1:2 ratio has been synthesized. Complexes were characterized by molar conductance measurement, elemental analyses, FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, and FAB/ESI‐Mass. The complexes were used as a single source precursor for the synthesis of ZnS/CdS/HgS nanoparticles by their thermal decomposition in the presence of different surfactants. The precursor: surfactant ratio and temperature plays important role in determining the size of the nanoparticles. The size and morphology of nanoparticles has been ascertained by UV‐Vis spectroscopy, XRD measurements and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Schiff base, complexes and nanoparticles were tested for antibacterial activity and MIC values against E. coli. The complexes were found more potent than the corresponding Schiff bases and nanoparticles.
Effects of Core‐modification on Porphyrin Sensitizers to the Efficiencies of Dye‐sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Mane Sandeep B. , Luo Liyang , Chang Gao‐Fong , Diau Eric Wei‐Guang , Hung Chen‐Hsiung 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTo study dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with core‐modified porphyrins as the sensitizing dyes, three porphyrins with an ethynyl benzoic acid as an anchoring group are prepared. The properties of free‐base regular porphyrin (N4), thiaporphyrin (N3S) and oxaporphyrin (N3O) were thoroughly studied by spectroscopic methods, DFT calculations, and photovoltaic measurements. Replacing one of the porphyrinic core nitrogen atoms by oxygen or sulfur considerably changes the absorption spectra. The Soret band of the N3O and N3S observed bathochromic shifts of 3‐9 nm while the Q band reaches 700 nm to the near‐infrared region. The overall conversion efficiencies of the DSSCs based on these porphyrins are in the order N4 (3.66%) ≫ N3S (0.22%) > N3O (0.01%). The time‐correlated single photon counting observed short fluorescence lifetimes for N3O adsorbed both on TiO2 and Al2O3 which explicates the poor efficiency of DSSC using N3O as the photosensitizer.
[C12mim]Br: A Temperature‐dependent Phase Transfer Catalyst and Its Application for Aerobic Oxidative Synthesis of 2‐Aryl Benzimidazoles, Benzoxazoles or Benzothiozoles Catalyzed by TEMPO Based Ionic Liquid
Authors: Yu Jiatao , Lu Ming 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe application of [C12mim]Br ionic liquid/o‐xylene temperature‐dependent biphasic system into the [Imim‐TEMPO][Cl]/O2‐promoted condensation between o‐phenylenediamines, o‐aminophenol or o‐aminothiophenol with aldehydes for preparing benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles or benzothiozoles is described. Several aldehydes and o‐phenylenediamines, o‐aminophenol or o‐aminothiophenol were reacted efficiently to form corresponding products in excellent yields. Both the [Imim‐TEMPO][Cl] and [C12mim]Br could be reused at least eight times without significantly decreasing the catalytic activity.
Link Between DNA Damage and Centriole Disengagement/Reduplication in Untransformed Human Cells
Authors: Douthwright Stephen , Sluder Greenfield 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe radiation and radiomimetic drugs used to treat human tumors damage DNA in both cancer cells and normal proliferating cells. Centrosome amplification after DNA damage is well established for transformed cell types but is sparsely reported and not fully understood in untransformed cells. We characterize centriole behavior after DNA damage in synchronized untransformed human cells. One hour treatment of S phase cells with the radiomimetic drug, Doxorubicin, prolongs G2 by at least 72 h, though 14% of the cells eventually go through mitosis in that time. By 72 h after DNA damage we observe a 52% incidence of centriole disengagement plus a 10% incidence of extra centrioles. We find that either APC/C or Plk activities can disengage centrioles after DNA damage, though they normally work in concert. All disengaged centrioles are associated with γ‐tubulin and maturation markers and thus, should in principle be capable of reduplicating and organizing spindle poles. The low incidence of reduplication of disengaged centrioles during G2 is due to the p53‐dependent expression of p21 and the consequent loss of Cdk2 activity. We find that 26% of the cells going through mitosis after DNA damage contain disengaged or extra centrioles. This could produce genomic instability through transient or persistent spindle multipolarity. Thus, for cancer patients the use of DNA damaging therapies raises the chances of genomic instability and evolution of transformed characteristics in proliferating normal cell populations. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 1427–1436, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved frequency selective fat suppression in the posterior neck with tissue susceptibility matched pyrolytic graphite foam
Authors: Lee Gary , Jordan Caroline , Tiet Pamela , Ruiz Carlos , McCormick Jeff , Phuong Kevin , Hargreaves Brian , Conolly Steven 
Published: February 2014

PurposeTo demonstrate improved frequency selective fat suppression in MRI using a magnetic susceptibility matching foam by reducing B0 inhomogeneities induced within the body by air–tissue interfaces.Materials and MethodsFlexible pyrolytic graphite (PG) composite foam was tailored to match the magnetic susceptibility of human tissue and was shaped to surround the cervical spine region. Field maps and frequency selective fat suppressed T1‐weighted FLASH images were acquired at 3 Tesla in both phantoms and six healthy necks.ResultsB0 field uniformity was shimmed to a target critical threshold of 1 ppm for fat suppression. The percentage of voxels in the phantom that did not achieve the critical threshold was reduced from 64% without the PG foam to only 1% with the foam. A similar decrease from 16% to 2% was observed in the in vivo region of interest.ConclusionPG foam improved B0 field uniformity by moving air–tissue field gradients outside of the neck where they cannot cause MRI artifacts. The PG foams consistently mitigated signal dropout, improved overall SNR, and enabled more robust frequency selective fat suppression. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:684–693. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In Vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) for metabolic profiling of human breast cancer xenografts
Authors: Esmaeili Morteza , Moestue Siver A. , Hamans Bob C. , Veltien Andor , Kristian Alexandr , Engebråten Olav , Mælandsmo Gunhild M. , Gribbestad Ingrid S. , Bathen Tone F. , Heerschap Arend 
Published: February 2014

PurposeTo study cancer associated with abnormal metabolism of phospholipids, of which several have been proposed as biomarkers for malignancy or to monitor response to anticancer therapy. We explored 3D 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) at high magnetic field for in vivo assessment of individual phospholipids in two patient‐derived breast cancer xenografts representing good and poor prognosis (luminal‐ and basal‐like tumors).Materials and MethodsMetabolic profiles from luminal‐like and basal‐like xenograft tumors were obtained in vivo using 3D 31P MRSI at 11.7T and from tissue extracts in vitro at 14.1T. Gene expression analysis was performed in order to support metabolic differences between the two xenografts.ResultsIn vivo 31P MR spectra were obtained in which the prominent resonances from phospholipid metabolites were detected at a high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR >7.5). Metabolic profiles obtained in vivo were in agreement with those obtained in vitro and could be used to discriminate between the two xenograft models, based on the levels of phosphocholine, phosphoethanolamine, glycerophosphocholine, and glycerophosphoethanolamine. The differences in phospholipid metabolite concentration could partly be explained by gene expression profiles.ConclusionNoninvasive metabolic profiling by 3D 31P MRSI can discriminate between subtypes of breast cancer based on different concentrations of choline‐ and ethanolamine‐containing phospholipids. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:601–609. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of GAITRite and PROMIS as high‐throughput physical function outcome measures following ACL reconstruction
Authors: Papuga M. Owen , Beck Christopher A. , Kates Stephen L. , Schwarz Edward M. , Maloney Michael D. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTNew healthcare demands for quality measures of elective procedures, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery, warrant the establishment of high throughput outcomes for high volume clinics. To this end, we evaluated the PROMIS and GAITRite as physical function outcome measures to quantify early healing and post‐operative complications in 106 patients at pre‐operative and 3, 10, 20 and 52 weeks post‐ACL reconstruction with bone‐tendon‐bone autograft, and compared the results to the current IKDC validated outcome measure. The results showed that both PROMIS and GAITRite were significantly quicker to administer versus IKDC (p < 0.0001). Additional advantages were that PROMIS and GAITRite detected a significant decrease in physical function at 3 weeks post‐operative, and a significant improvement at 10 weeks post‐operative versus pre‐operative (p < 0.001), which were not detected with IKDC. GAITRite was limited by a low ceiling that could not detect improvement of physical function beyond 20 weeks, while both PROMIS and IKDC detected significant improvement out to 52 weeks post‐operative (p < 0.001). Linear regressions demonstrated a significant relationship between IKDC and PROMIS, with a combined correlation value of 0.8954 (p < 0.001) for all time points. Finally, ROC curve analysis demonstrated that PROMIS is a diagnostic test for poor outcomes. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:793–801, 2014.
Controlled‐release of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 from a microsphere coating applied to acid‐etched Ti6AL4V implants increases biological bone growth in vivo
Authors: Fu Yangmu , Zhang Qiang , Sun Yong , Liao Weixiong , Bai Xiaowei , Zhang Lili , Du Lina , Jin Yiguang , Wang Qi , Li Zhongli , Wang Yan 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA central clinical challenge regarding the surgical treatment of bone and joint conditions is the eventual loosening of an orthopedic implant as a result of insufficient bone ingrowth at the bone–implant interface. We investigated the in vivo effectiveness of a coating containing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2)‐loaded microspheres applied to acid‐etched Ti6Al4V cylinders for implantation. Three groups of rabbits (24 per group) were used for implantation: (1) acid‐etched Ti6Al4V implants coated with a mixture of rhBMP‐2‐loaded microspheres (125 ng rhBMP‐2/mg microspheres) and α‐butyl cyanoacrylate; (2) acid‐etched, uncoated implants; and (3) bare, smooth uncoated implants. After implantation, 12 rabbits from each group were used for bone ingrowth determination at 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 12 weeks (2 rabbits per time point), while the remainder were used for histological analysis and push‐out testing at 12 weeks. Scanning electron microscopy showed significant improvement in bone growth of the rhBMP‐2 microspheres/α‐butyl cyanoacrylate group compared with the other groups (p < 0.01). Histological analysis and push‐out testing also demonstrated enhanced bone growth of the rhBMP‐2 group over that in the other two groups (p < 0.01). The rhBMP‐2 group showed the most significant bone growth, suggesting that coating acid‐etched implants with a mixture of rhBMP‐2‐loaded microspheres and α‐butyl cyanoacrylate may be an effective method to improve the osseointegration of orthopedic implants. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:744–751, 2014.
Proteomic identification of 14‐3‐3ϵ as a linker protein between pERK1/2 inhibition and BIM upregulation in human osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Kim Kyung Ok , Hsu Anny C. , Lee Heon Goo , Patel Neel , Chandhanayingyong Chandhanarat , Hickernell Thomas , Lee Francis Young‐In 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTDespite advancements in multimodality chemotherapy, conventional cytotoxic treatments still remain ineffective for a subset of patients with aggressive metastatic or multifocal osteosarcoma. It has been shown that pERK1/2 inhibition enhances chemosensitivity to doxorubicin and promotes osteosarcoma cell death in vivo and in vitro. One of the pro‐apoptotic mechanisms is upregulation of Bim by pERK1/2 inhibitors. To this end, we examined proteomic changes of 143B human osteosarcoma cells with and without treatment of PD98059, pERK1/2 inhibitor. Specifically, we identified 14‐3‐3ϵ protein as a potential mediator of Bim expression in response to inhibition of pERK1/2. We hypothesized that 14‐3‐3ϵ mediates upregulation of Bim expression after pERK1/2 inhibition. We examined the expression of Bim after silencing 14‐3‐3ϵ using siRNA. The 14‐3‐3ϵ gene silencing resulted in downregulation of Bim expression after PD98059 treatment. These data indicate that 14‐3‐3ϵ is required for Bim expression and that it has an anti‐cancer effect under pERK1/2 inhibition in 143B cells. By playing an essential role upstream of Bim, 14‐3‐3ϵ may potentially be a coadjuvant factor synergizing the effect of pERK1/2 inhibitors in addition to conventional cytotoxic agents for more effective osteosarcoma treatments. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:848–854, 2014.
Pathokinematics of precision pinch movement associated with carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Nataraj Raviraj , Evans Peter J. , Seitz William H. , Li Zong‐Ming 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) can adversely affect fine motor control of the hand. Precision pinch between the thumb and index finger requires coordinated movements of these digits for reliable task performance. We examined the impairment upon precision pinch function affected by CTS during digit movement and digit contact. Eleven CTS subjects and 11 able‐bodied (ABL) controls donned markers for motion capture of the thumb and index finger during precision pinch movement (PPM). Subjects were instructed to repetitively execute the PPM task, and performance was assessed by range of movement, variability of the movement trajectory, and precision of digit contact. The CTS group demonstrated shorter path‐length of digit endpoints and greater variability in inter‐pad distance and most joint angles across the PPM movement. Subjects with CTS also showed lack of precision in contact points on the digit‐pads and relative orientation of the digits at contact. Carpal tunnel syndrome impairs the ability to perform precision pinch across the movement and at digit‐contact. The findings may serve to identify deficits in manual dexterity for functional evaluation of CTS. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:786–792, 2014.
Tracheobronchial injury in the setting of an esophagectomy for cancer: Postoperative discovery a bad omen
Authors: Koshenkov Vadim P. , Yakoub Danny , Livingstone Alan S. , Franceschi Dido 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundA tracheobronchial injury is an uncommon complication of an esophagectomy. Differences in outcomes may exist for patients with injuries detected intraoperatively and postoperatively.MethodsA retrospective review was performed for patients who underwent an esophagectomy for cancer at Jackson Memorial Hospital/University of Miami from January 2000 to June 2012.ResultsAn injury to the tracheobronchial tree occurred in 7 of 425 patients (1.6%). The majority of the operations were performed via a transhiatal approach (87.8%). Patients with airway injuries were older (median 73 vs. 63), more likely to have squamous cell carcinoma (85.7% vs. 17.9%), and with proximal tumors (85.7% vs. 14.1%). When given, the type of neoadjuvant treatment consisted of chemoradiotherapy in all patients who suffered an injury, whereas it was only administered to 21.3% of patients without an injury. There were no deaths among three patients in whom the injury was identified intraoperatively. Mortality occurred in three of four patients (75.0%) with an injury detected postoperatively.ConclusionsPatients with proximal tumors and radiation administration as a component of neoadjuvant treatment are more likely to suffer a tracheobronchial injury. An aggressive reoperative approach is warranted in patients with injuries that are discovered postoperatively. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:804–807. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ordered Organic Nanostructures Fabricated from Anodic Alumina Oxide Templates for Organic Bulk‐Heterojunction Photovoltaics
Authors: Wu Hui , Yang Junliang , Cao Shilin , Huang Liulian , Chen Lihui 
Published: February 2014

Solution‐processable organic photovoltaics (OPVs) attract much attention due to their potential as low‐cost and lightweight sources of renewable energy. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of state‐of‐the‐art OPVs based on bulk‐heterojunction and tandem structures can reach over 10.0%, resulting from the progress in new materials, device engineering, device physics, etc. In particular, the fabrication and controllability of solution‐processable organic active‐layer thin films play an important role in the performance of OPV devices. The anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template method is a versatile and fascinating technique for fabricating ordered organic nanostructures with controlled properties. Here, a review is given on the solution‐based fabrication of ordered organic semiconductor nanostructures by AAO templates, as well as its application in OPVs.
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