bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relevance of surface albedo to forestry policy in high latitude and altitude regions may be overvalued
Authors: Bright Ryan M , Cattaneo Nicolas , Antón-Fernández Clara , Eisner Stephanie , Astrup Rasmus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Forest restoration and improved forest management are seen as options to enhance terrestrial carbon dioxide removal in many regions, yet concerns surrounding their potentially adverse surface albedo impacts exist, particularly in high latitude and altitude regions. Such concerns are often based on generalized conclusions rooted in analyses carried out over broad spatial extents at coarse resolutions. The impacts of surface albedo change are highly sensitive to local environmental factors governing both the surface albedo and solar radiation budgets, and many previous assessments either do not sufficiently deal with such sensitivities or do not qualify the conditions under which they are relevant. Using the country of Norway with its diverse gradients in topography and climate as an ideal case study region, we seek clarity to the question of whether surface albedo is relevant to consider in forestry planning, and if so, what are the important factors determining it. We find that the adverse impact of a forest’s albedo outweighs its carbon cycle benefit on only ∼4% of Norway’s total forested area, reducing to <∼1% when future climate changes are considered. Our findings challenge the common perception that surface albedo concerns are highly relevant to forestry planning at high latitudes and emphasize the importance of carrying out albedo impact assessments at spatial scales aligning with those of local forestry planning.
On the integrability of three two-component bi-Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Zang Liming , Zhang Qian , Liu Q P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The compatible trios of two-component homogeneous Hamiltonian operators were classified and some bi-Hamiltonian systems were constructed by Lorenzoni et al (2018 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
51 045202). In this paper, we study three two-component bi-Hamiltonian systems proposed by them. By means of the prolongation structure technique, we construct the missing Lax representations for those systems and confirm their integrability. Furthermore, we explore the possible connections between those systems and the known integrable systems.
Helicity of magnetic fields associated with non-relativistic electron vortex beams
Authors: Alsaawi N , Lembessis V E , Lyras A , Babiker M , Yuan J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The helicities of the magnetic fields associated with non-relativistic electron vortex beams are considered for radially extended Bessel modes. Investigating the helicity density of this system lies in realizing the unique electric and magnetic properties of electron vortex beams that influence their interactions with matter. We have evaluated the vector potential components needed for the derivation of the magnetic helicity density and found that this has a non-zero distribution. This is attributed entirely to the cylindrically symmetric density flux of the electron beam, which scales with the winding number

ℓ

. It is also related to the magnetic moments of the electron oriented along the z-direction, giving rise to the z-component of the magnetic field. We obtain different helicity distributions for different signs of winding number

±
ℓ

, which confirms the chiral character of the magnetic fields associated with the electron vortex beam. The physical consequences of taking the spin current density into consideration are also examined. This allows a comparison to be made between the evaluated total current helicities, one with and one without including the spin-polarization.
Improve anti-glare ability of helicopters based on the anti-reflective structure of bionic moth eyes
Authors: Dong Shihui , Zhang Bo , Xu Hongbo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This thesis focuses on the issue of glare during helicopter night navigation, which is caused by the high reflectivity of cockpit instruments, displays, and windshield surfaces. This can result in pilot eye fatigue and pose a serious threat to flight safety. To address this problem, a bionic moth eye antireflection structure is designed and prepared on the windshield glass surface using a combination of self-assembly and reactive ion beam technology. The aim is to reduce the surface reflectivity of the windshield glass and prevent glare. The anti-reflective structure comprises of conical structures with a size cycle of 15 nm and a structure height of 2000 nm. The surface of both sides is microstructured, resulting in a reduction of surface reflectivity from 8% to 0.5% at the wavelength of 300 nm to 800 nm. The passing rate is increased from 92% to 99.5%, and the applicable angle is greater than 50°). The anti-glare ability is improved by about 16 times. This thesis proposes a solution to the problem of glare during helicopter night navigation by designing and implementing a bionic moth eye antireflection structure on the windshield glass surface using self-assembly and reactive ion beam technology. The results show a significant reduction in surface reflectivity and improved anti-glare ability, which can contribute to enhancing flight safety.
Aqueous electrolyte additives for zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Wu Zhuoxi , Huang Zhaodong , Zhang Rong , Hou Yue , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Because of their high safety, low cost, and high volumetric specific capacity, zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are considered promising next-generation energy storage devices, especially given their high potential for large-scale energy storage. Despite these advantages, many problems remain for ZIBs—such as Zn dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and Zn anode corrosion—which significantly reduce the coulomb efficiency and reversibility of the battery and limit its cycle lifespan, resulting in much uncertainty in terms of its practical applications. Numerous electrolyte additives have been proposed in recent years to solve the aforementioned problems. This review focuses on electrolyte additives and discusses the different substances employed as additives to overcome the problems by altering the Zn2+ solvation structure, creating a protective layer at the anode–electrolyte interface, and modulating the Zn2+ distribution to be even and Zn deposition to be uniform. On the basis of the review, the possible research strategies, future directions of electrolyte additive development, and the existing problems to be solved are also described.
Recent advances in nature inspired triboelectric nanogenerators for self-powered systems
Authors: Zhang Baosen , Jiang Yunchong , Ren Tianci , Chen Baojin , Zhang Renyun , Mao Yanchao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) stand at the forefront of energy harvesting innovation, transforming mechanical energy into electrical power through triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. This groundbreaking technology addresses the urgent need for sustainable and renewable energy solutions, opening new avenues for self-powered systems. Despite their potential, TENGs face challenges such as material optimization for enhanced triboelectric effects, scalability, and improving conversion efficiency under varied conditions. Durability and environmental stability also pose significant hurdles, necessitating further research towards more resilient systems. Nature inspired TENG designs offer promising solutions by emulating biological processes and structures, such as the energy mechanisms of plants and the textured surfaces of animal skins. This biomimetic approach has led to notable improvements in material properties, structural designs, and overall TENG performance, including enhanced energy conversion efficiency and environmental robustness. The exploration into bio-inspired TENGs has unlocked new possibilities in energy harvesting, self-powered sensing, and wearable electronics, emphasizing reduced energy consumption and increased efficiency through innovative design. This review encapsulates the challenges and advancements in nature inspired TENGs, highlighting the integration of biomimetic principles to overcome current limitations. By focusing on augmented electrical properties, biodegradability, and self-healing capabilities, nature inspired TENGs pave the way for more sustainable and versatile energy solutions.
ANFIS-based control of resonant converters for optimized charging system of electric vehicle (EV) batteries
Authors: Verma Sapna B , Pandey Ashok K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a resonant converter-based Electric Vehicle (EV) battery charging module utilizing Proportional-Integral (PI) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) control for an optimized charging system. The EV charging module is integrated with a resonant converter comprising a full bridge, HFTF, and DBR. The module utilizes a Resonant Converter which reduces the switching loss incurred during converter operation at high frequency by offering ZCS or ZVS at the switching time. A standard PI Controller manages the duty ratios of the primary full bridge switches with tuned gains. The CC and CV controllers each have their own PI Controller for current and voltage, respectively. To enhance the performance of the EV System, the standard PI Controllers in both the CC and CV control systems are replaced with ANFIS Controllers which are trained as per the data generated by the CC and CV control using an optimization technique that controls the duty ratio of the switches. The proposed ANFIS-based and PI-based control strategy provides an adaptive and flexible approach to control the battery voltage and current by intelligent adjustment of Constant Current (CC) and Constant Voltage (CV) operation modes and the passive elements switching across specific ranges of State-Of-Charge (SOC) to enhance the performance and safety of the charging system. MATLAB Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed ANFIS-based control reduces current ripple content compared to PI-based control. The ANFIS Controller improves overall battery performance, reliability, and stability, which makes it a better choice for next-generation EV charging systems.
Transfer learning with generative models for object detection on limited datasets
Authors: Paiano M , Martina S , Giannelli C , Caruso F 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The availability of data is limited in some fields, especially for object detection tasks, where it is necessary to have correctly labeled bounding boxes around each object. A notable example of such data scarcity is found in the domain of marine biology, where it is useful to develop methods to automatically detect submarine species for environmental monitoring. To address this data limitation, the state-of-the-art machine learning strategies employ two main approaches. The first involves pretraining models on existing datasets before generalizing to the specific domain of interest. The second strategy is to create synthetic datasets specifically tailored to the target domain using methods like copy-paste techniques or ad-hoc simulators. The first strategy often faces a significant domain shift, while the second demands custom solutions crafted for the specific task. In response to these challenges, here we propose a transfer learning framework that is valid for a generic scenario. In this framework, generated images help to improve the performances of an object detector in a few-real data regime. This is achieved through a diffusion-based generative model that was pretrained on large generic datasets. With respect to the state-of-the-art, we find that it is not necessary to fine tune the generative model on the specific domain of interest. We believe that this is an important advance because it mitigates the labor-intensive task of manual labeling the images in object detection tasks. We validate our approach focusing on fishes in an underwater environment, and on the more common domain of cars in an urban setting. Our method achieves detection performance comparable to models trained on thousands of images, using only a few hundreds of input data. Our results pave the way for new generative AI-based protocols for machine learning applications in various domains, for instance ranging from geophysics to biology and medicine.
Quantifying work-related social inequalities in life expectancy: a methodological proof of concept
Authors: Ghoroubi Narges , Terry Mary Beth , Counil Emilie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Employment and working conditions are strong social determinants of health, yet many epidemiologic studies fail to account for their impact on life expectancy calculations. Integration of working conditions into health estimates requires both valid methodology and data sources. Using the French national Health and Career Path Survey and French life tables, we quantified the impact of 4 major work-related factors (lack of job control, job insecurity, unemployment, and occupational physical activity) in explaining socio-occupational inequalities in life expectancy. Using a formula-based approach, we computed work-related loss in life expectancy according to socio-occupational group, separately by sex. Based on life expectancy at age 35 years, we estimated that 1.3-3.3 years of life lost for men and 0.5-1.8 years for women are attributable to a combination of these 4 key factors. Although subject to sources of under- and overestimation, the differential life expectancy at age 35 years between senior executives and manual workers would substantially decrease if these exposures were set at the theoretical minimum level. This proof-of-concept analysis demonstrates the utility of accounting for occupational factors and the potential to quantify improvements in life expectancy that would occur by modifying working and employment conditions.
Invited commentary: 525 600 calories—how do you measure diet in a year?
Authors: Tobias Deirdre K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Nearly 4 decades after its landmark validation study, researchers undertook a major comprehensive reevaluation of the semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Although it has evolved with trends in science and our expanding food environment, this FFQ has been administered continuously to over 250 000 US cohort participants for several decades and has contributed enormously to our understanding of the role long-term diet plays in health and disease across the lifespan. Nonetheless, it is critical that the field take time to validate, recalibrate, and reassure researchers that the FFQ continues to generate useful estimates of dietary intake. There are persistent misconceptions among both nutritional epidemiologists and the FFQ’s critics about what the FFQ can and cannot measure that require regular re-education on the principles underlying FFQ development and validation. Thus, the carefully conducted validation study by Gu et al (Am J Epidemiol. 2024;193(1):170-179) provides an important benchmark for nutrition science, underscoring the continued value and utility that the FFQ brings to epidemiologic research.
Development and assessment of an abbreviated medication regimen complexity index (the A-MRCI)
Authors: Scrivens Rebekah P , Liu Ina , Niznik Joshua D , Colmenares Evan W , Vest Mary-Haston , Jacobson Jennifer , Deyo Zachariah M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Adaptation of the Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI) for automation in an electronic medical record has the potential to improve medication optimization and patient outcomes. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate an abbreviated medication regimen complexity index (A-MRCI) and compare its associations with patient-level factors to those of the MRCI.

Methods
The MRCI was modified via several rounds of review with an expert panel of clinical pharmacists and outcomes researchers. Medication data from 138 electronic health records were abstracted to calculate MRCI and A-MRCI scores for dosage form, dosing frequency, and additional directions. Comparison between indices was performed using inferential statistics for a 1-month sample of patients admitted to a cardiology or advanced heart failure service in 2017.

Results
A-MRCI scores were higher than MRCI scores (mean difference of 3.97, P &lt; 0.0005; 95% CI, 2.21-5.71). A significant association was observed between the A-MRCI score and both length of stay (P = 0.0005) and polypharmacy (P &lt; 0.0005), whereas an association between MRCI score and the patient-level factors examined was not demonstrated.

Conclusion
On average, A-MRCI scores were higher and more likely to be associated with several patient-level factors. Internal analyses show the potential for integration into an electronic health record for automation. However, further exploration of the A-MRCI in a larger external validation sample is warranted.
Re-evaluating Methods for Assessing Differences in Response in Ileal vs Colonic Crohn’s Disease: A Post-hoc Analysis of the FITZROY Trial
Authors: Ma Christopher , Feagan Brian G , Wang Zhongya , Zou Guangyong , Smith Michelle I , Shackelton Lisa M , Sands Bruce E , Panaccione Remo , D’Haens Geert R , Vermeire Séverine , Jairath Vipul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The ileum is the most commonly affected segment of the gastrointestinal tract in Crohn’s disease [CD]. We aimed to determine whether disease location affects response to filgotinib, a Janus kinase [JAK] inhibitor, in patients with moderately-to-severely active Crohn’s disease [CD] and applying appropriate methods to account for differences in measuring disease activity in the ileum compared with the colon.

Methods
This post-hoc analysis of data from the FITZROY phase 2 trial [NCT02048618] compared changes in the Crohn’s Disease Activity Index [CDAI] and Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease [SES-CD] among patients with ileal-dominant and isolated colonic CD treated with 10 weeks of filgotinib 200 mg daily or placebo. A mixed effects model for repeated measures was used to test whether ileal disease responded differently when compared with colonic disease, by evaluating for effect modification using the interaction term of treatment assignment-by-disease location.

Results
Numerically greater proportions of patients with isolated colonic disease compared to ileal-dominant CD achieved clinical remission [CDAI &lt; 150, 75.9% vs 41.6%] and endoscopic response [SES-CD reduction by 50%, 52.5% vs 15.5%] at Week 10. However, after adjusting for baseline disease activity by disease location and within-patient clustering effects, there was no significant difference in treatment response by disease location [mean difference in ΔCDAI between ileal-dominant vs isolated colonic disease + 9.24 [95% CI: -87.19, +105.67], p = 0.85; mean difference in ΔSES-CD -1.93 [95% CI: -7.03, +3.44], p = 0.48.

Conclusions
Filgotinib demonstrated similar efficacy in ileal-dominant and isolated colonic CD when controlling for baseline disease activity and clustering effects.
The Natural History of Crohn’s Disease Leading to Intestinal Failure: A Longitudinal Cohort Study from 1973 to 2018
Authors: Wu Tian Hong , Brandt Christopher Filtenborg , Scheike Thomas , Burisch Johan , Jeppesen Palle Bekker 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The natural history of Crohn’s disease leading to intestinal failure is not well characterised. This study aims to describe the clinical course of Crohn’s disease preceding intestinal failure and to compare disease course and burden between Crohn’s disease patients with and without intestinal failure.

Methods
Patients with Crohn’s disease complicated by intestinal failure from Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen [n = 182] and a nationwide Danish Crohn’s disease cohort without intestinal failure [n = 22,845] were included. Using nationwide registries in Denmark, disease course was determined from hospitalisations, surgeries, and outpatient medications, and disease burden was determined from employment and mortality data.

Results
The 10-year cumulative incidence of intestinal failure following Crohn’s disease diagnosis declined from 2.7% prior to 1980 to 0.2% after 2000. Compared with Crohn’s disease patients without intestinal failure, those with intestinal failure experienced significantly longer duration of severe disease [50 vs 19 years per 100 patient-years, p &lt; 0.01], secondary to greater corticosteroid use [71% vs 60%, p = 0.02], inpatient contacts [98% vs 55%, p &lt; 0.01], and abdominal surgeries [99% vs 48%, p &lt; 0.01]. However, exposure to biologics was not different between the two groups [20.4% vs 21%, p = 0.95], and duration on biologics was shorter in Crohn’s disease patients with intestinal failure [2068 vs 4126 days per 100 patient-years, p = 0.02]. Standard mortality ratio in Crohn’s disease patients with intestinal failure was 3.66 (97.5% confidence interval [CI] 2.79, 4.72].

Conclusion
Patients with Crohn’s disease complicated by intestinal failure experienced a more persistently severe preceding course of Crohn’s disease but were not more likely to be treated with biological therapy.
Radiofrequency ablation in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a case report
Authors: Büchel Jasmin , Leibundgut Gregor , Badertscher Patrick , Kühne Michael , Krisai Philipp 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
We report endocardial radiofrequency (RF) ablation as an alternative treatment approach for a symptomatic patient with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM), who is not suitable for surgical septal myectomy or alcohol septal ablation. Endocardial RF ablation, with detailed 3D mapping of the intrinsic conducting system, offers the possibility of reducing the risk of complete heart block rates and of effectively relieving symptoms.

Case summary
We present a symptomatic 51-year-old female patient with oHCM and a maximum left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient of 148 mmHg. Because of alcohol septal ablation failure, endocardial RF ablation in combination with detailed mapping of the intrinsic conduction system and intraprocedural imaging was performed. The 6-month follow-up showed a significant improvement in exercise tolerance, no relevant dynamic LVOT obstruction with a gradient of 22 mmHg under Valsalva.

Discussion
In the current case report, endocardial RF ablation persistently reduced LVOT gradients in a patient with oHCM. Pre-interventional imaging, detailed 3D mapping of the conduction system, and correlation to intracardiac and transthoracic echocardiography were key for an effective and safe ablation of a small target zone.
Utilizing left atrial venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to unload the left ventricle prior to angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction: a case series
Authors: Jong Hung-Chang , Ngoh Kexuan , Lin Yu-Kai , Tu Hsu-Ting , Wang Ta-jung 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Left ventricular (LV) unloading prior to primary angioplasty in patients experiencing acute myocardial infarction holds promise for mitigating reperfusion injury and minimizing infarct size.

Case summary
This report delves into the utilization of left atrial venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (LAVA-ECMO) as a pre-percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) intervention strategy aimed at augmenting circulatory support while unloading the LV. Three cases of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction involving the left ascending coronary artery who underwent LAVA-ECMO before primary PTCA are presented. Each patient maintained robust LV systolic function following weaning from ECMO support.

Discussion
These cases underscore the potential benefits of mechanical LV unloading prior to revascularization in reducing infarct size and mitigating the risk of post-myocardial infarction heart failure.