bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulation Development and in vitro Evaluation of Drug Release Kinetics from Sustained Release Aceclofenac Matrix Tablets using Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose
Authors: Kabir Abul Kalam Lutful , Halder Shimul , Shuma Madhabi Lata , Rouf Abu Shara Shamsur 
Published: November 2012

The objective of the present study was to develop a once-daily sustained release matrix tablet of Aceclofenac using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (Methocel K 100M CR) as release controlling factor and to evaluate drug release parameters as per various release kinetic models. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The powder blends were evaluated for angle of repose, loose bulk density, tapped bulk density, compressibility index, total porosity and drug content etc. The tablets were subjected to thickness, weight variation test, drug content, hardness, friability and in vitro release studies. The in vitro dissolution study was carried out for 24 hours using United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) 22 paddle-type dissolution apparatus in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The powder blends showed satisfactory flow properties, compressibility index and drug content etc. All the tablet formulations showed acceptable pharmacotechnical properties and complied with pharmacopoeial specifications. The results of dissolution studies indicated that the formulation F-3 (40% Methocel K100M CR of total weight of tablet) could extend the drug release up to 24 hours and the total release pattern was very close to the theoretical release profile. By comparing the dissolution profiles with the originator brand of Arrestin SR, the formulation F-3 exhibited drug release profile like originator brand. From this study, a decrease in release kinetics of the drug was observed by increasing the polymer concentration. Kinetic modeling of in vitro dissolution profiles revealed the drug release mechanism ranges from diffusion controlled or Fickian transport to anomalous type or non-Fickian transport, which was only dependent on the type and amount of polymer used. The drug release followed both diffusion and erosion mechanism in all cases. The drug release from the formulation (F-3) was satisfactory after 3 months storage in 400C and 75% RH. Besides, this study explored both of the optimum concentration and effect of polymer(s) on Aceclofenac release pattern from the tablet matrix for 24 hour period. The matrix tablet of Aceclofenac using HPMC with molecular weight of K100M controlled the drug release effectively for 24 hours; hence the formulation can be considered as a once daily sustained release tablet of Aceclofenac in order to improve patient compliance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i1.12485 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(1): 37-43, 2012 (June)
Quantitative Determination of Azithromycin in Human Plasma by Liquid ChromatographyMass Spectrometry and its Application in Pharmackokinetic Study
Authors: Ahmed Maizbha Uddin , Islam Mohammad Safiqul , Sultana Tasmin Ara , Mostofa AGM , Bin Sayeed Muhammad Shahdaat , Nahar Zabun , Hasnat Abul 
Published: November 2012

Azithromycin is an effective and well-known antimicrobial agent. In the present study, a simple, sensitive and specific LC/MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the quantification of Azithromycin in human serum samples using Clarithromycin as internal standard. Azithromycin was extracted from biological matrix by using solid phase extraction process. The chromatographic separation was performed on Luna C18 (3 ?, 2x150 mm) column with a mobile phase consisting of 35 mM ammonium acetate buffer (mobile phase-A) and acetonitrile and methanol in ratio of 90:10 ( as mobile phase-B) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The method was validated over a linear concentration range of 0.5?50.0 ng/mL and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.5 ng/mL with a coefficient of correlation (r2) = 0.9998. The intra-day and inter-day precision expressed as relative standard deviation were 1.64%  8.43% and 2.32%  9.92%, respectively. The average recovery of azithromycin from serum was 98.11%. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Azithromycin 200 mg/5 ml suspension in healthy Bangladeshi volunteers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i1.12488 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(1): 55-63, 2012 (June)
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations of Uraria lagopodies DC. and Urena lobata L.
Authors: Islam Md Torequl , Ibrahim Mohammed , Ahsan Md Qamrul , Chowdhury M Mohi Uddin , Hossain Md Aslam , Rashid Mohammad A 
Published: November 2012

Easy availability and reduced side effects of plants and plant-derived herbal preparations are the gifts of nature and are useful since ancient time for the treatment of various diseases. From this view point twoBangladeshi plants, Uraria lagopodies DC. and Urena lobata L. have been evaluated for their possible pharmacological activities. Preliminary phytochemical screenings with the crude ethanol extracts demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, steroids and reducing sugars. The crude extract of U. lagopodies significantly (p<0.001) increased the charcoal evacuation by 375 min at 500 mg/kg body weight of mice when compared to the standard, Loperamide by 391.8 min at 5 mg/kg b.w. In the acetic acid induced analgesic activity test, the oral administration of ethanol extract of U. lobata produced significant (p<0.05) pain relieving activity (number of writhing 32) at 500 mg/kg body weight as compared to standard diclofenac-Na. Both the crude extracts showed mild anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilizing activities during the heat induced anti-inflammatory test and membrane stabilization screening. A dose dependent biological activity was observed during the study period. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i1.12490 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(1): 65-69, 2012 (June)
Antioxidant, Thrombolytic and Cytotoxic Activities of Picrasma javanica
Authors: Sharmin Tasnuva , Islam Farhana , Kaisar Mohammad Abul , Uddin Md Gias , Rashid Mohammad A 
Published: November 2012

The methanol extract of leaf of Picrasma javanica as well as its n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride,chloroform and aqueous soluble partitionates were subjected to screening for antioxidant and thrombolytic activities and brine shrimp lethality. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by DPPH, Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and phosphomolybdenum total antioxidant assays using butylatedhydroxytolune (BHT) and ascorbic acid as standards. All fractions showed moderate to strong antioxidant activity, of which the chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions demonstrated the highest activity with the IC50 value of 14.59 ± 0.73 ?g/ml and 18.6 ± 0.15 ?g/ml, respectively. The total phenolic content of the chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions was 10.4 ± 0.64 and 5.15 ± 0.22 mg of GAE/g of extractive, respectively. Thus, a positive correlation was found between the total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity of P. javanica. The general toxicity was determined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay where the crude extract (LC50 1.04 ± 0.31 ?g/ml) and its n-hexane (LC50 1.28 ± 0.45?g/ml) soluble partitionate demonstrated the presence of considerable bioactive principles. Mild to moderate thrombolytic activity was discerned by the methanol extract of leaf of P. javanica and its different fractions. During assay for thrombolytic activity, the carbon tetrachloride soluble materials revealed 34.165±1.57 % of clot lysis while standard streptokinase and water, used as positive and negative controls, demonstrated 66.77% and 3.791% lysis of clot, respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i1.12491 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(1): 71-74, 2012 (June)
Clinicopathological Profile of Rhabdomyosarcoma in Children
Authors: Begum Umme Habiba , Islam Afiqul 
Published: November 2012

Objectives: To describe the clinical profile as well as histopathological sub-types of Rhabdomyosarcoma in children.Methods: A hospital base prospective observational study was conducted among 20 diagnosed cases of Rhabdomyosarcoma in children, those attending in Hemato-Oncology department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka in the period between January to December 2009.Results: The peak incidence of Rhabdomyosarcoma was in 1-5 years of age group (n=9, 45%) with mean age 6.83 years with male to female ratio 5.66:1. The common sites of primary tumor was in head and neck region (40%, n=08), followed by genito-urinary tract, 30% (n=06), extremities 20% (n=04), trunk 10% (n=02). The most common clinical presentation was mass lesion 100% (n=20), followed by local pain 25% (n=05), urinary obstructions 15% (n=03) dysphagia, chronic otorrhea, dysuria, haematuria, and proptoses were 10% each (n=02, each); The histological sub-types were Embryonal 60% (n=12), alveolar 30% (n=6), and Botryoid 10% (n=02); Of Embryonal variety in head and neck region 58.33% (n=7), and Genito-urinary sites 41.67% (n=5); of Alveolar variety in trunk 66.67% (n=4), and in extremities33.33% (n=2), of Botryoid sub-type frequency was equal in head - neck region and genitourinary site 50% each (n=1).Conclusion: Children with Rhabdomyosarcoma presented mostly in 1 to 5 years of age, with mass lesion (100%), predominantly in head and neck region (40%) and the commonest histological sub-type was Embryonal variety (60%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i3.12461 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 132-136
Validation of the Modified Friedewalds Formula to Calculate Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Bangladeshi Population
Authors: Parvin Mimi , Saiedullah Muhammad , Khan Aminul Haque , Rahman Muhammad Rezwanur , Islam Md Saiful 
Published: November 2012

Objective: A modification of Friedewalds formula was proposed to calculate LDL cholesterol in Bangladeshi population up to serum triglyceride concentration of 1000 mg/dL. The aim of this study was to validate the modification of Friedewalds formula in Bangladeshi population.Methods: Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were measured in specimens obtained form 314 adult Bangladeshi subjects selected conveniently. LDL cholesterol concentrations were also calculated by modified Friedewalds formula and original Friedewalds formula. Results were expressed as mean ± SD and calculated LDL cholesterol was compared with measured LDL cholesterol by two-tailed paired t test and Pearsons correlation coefficient (r).Results: The mean ± SD of measured LDL cholesterol was 138.3 ± 54.58 mg/dL. LDL cholesterol calculated by modified Friedewalds formula and original Friedewalds formula were 135.9 ± 59.26 mg/dL (P>0.05) and 123.5 ± 65.75 mg/dL (P<0.001) respectively. Compared to measured LDL cholesterol, calculated LDL cholesterol were 2.47 mg/ dL and 17.20 mg/dL lower for modified formula and original formula respectively. The correlation coefficient (r) with measured LDL cholesterol was 0.8601 (P<0.0001) for LDL cholesterol calculated by the modified Friedewalds formula and 0.8565 (P<0.0001) for the LDL cholesterol calculated by the original Friedewalds formula.Conclusion: The study validates the modified Friedewalds formula to calculate LDL cholesterol in Bangladeshi population. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i3.12463 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 141-144
Arthroscopic Excision of Os Acromiale: Effects on Deltoid Function and Strength
Authors: Campbell Peter T. , Nizlan Nasir M. , Skirving Allan P. 
Published: November 2012

Arthroscopic excision of os acromiale is a feasible alternative to open excision or fusion. This article describes the authors’ experience with 28 patients (31 shoulders) who underwent arthroscopic excision of os acromiale and its effect on shoulder pain and function, with specific emphasis on deltoid strength measurement.
Thirty-one os acromiale (all persistent unfused pre- and meso-acromions) in 28 patients were excised arthroscopically. Sixteen patients underwent concomitant rotator cuff repair (9 arthroscopic and 7 mini-open). At an average follow-up of 41 months, the patients were assessed using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and deltoid function and strength were measured. Pain was completely alleviated postoperatively in 20 (65%) shoulders, and 9 (29%) shoulders had less pain postoperatively. Pain worsened postoperatively in 2 patients, both of whom had features of glenohumeral arthritis at arthroscopy. Average postoperative ASES score (80.33) was significantly improved compared with the average preoperative score (33.71). No significant loss of deltoid strength occurred compared with the contralateral side. No objective or subjective loss of normal deltoid appearance occurred. Rotator cuff repair did not compromise deltoid strength or significantly reduce ASES score irrespective of repair technique (arthroscopic vs mini-open).
With careful attention to surgical technique maintaining an intact periosteal sleeve to preserve the integrity of the deltoid attachment, arthroscopic excision is an effective management tool for mobile os acromiale in a painful shoulder requiring surgical intervention.
Open Reduction and Intramedullary Nail Fixation of Closed Tibial Fractures
Authors: Bishop Julius A. , Dikos Gregory D. , Mickelson Dayne , Barei David P. 
Published: November 2012

Some tibial shaft fractures cannot be accurately reduced using closed or percutaneous techniques during an intramedullary nailing procedure. Under these circumstances, a formal open reduction can be performed. Direct exposure of the fracture facilitates accurate reduction but does violate the soft tissue envelope. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of open reduction prior to intramedullary nailing.
Using the trauma database at a Level I trauma center, 11 uncomplicated closed displaced tibia fractures treated with formal open reduction prior to intramedullary nailing were identified and matched with a cohort of 21 fractures treated with closed reduction and nailing. The authors attempted to match 2 controls to each patient to improve the power of the study. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were compared. All fractures ultimately healed within 5° of anatomic alignment. No infections or non-unions occurred in the open reduction group, and 1 deep infection and 1 nonunion occurred in the closed reduction group. No significant differences existed between the study groups.
Although closed reduction and intramedullary nailing remains the treatment of choice for most significantly displaced tibial shaft fractures, open reduction with respectful handling of the soft tissue envelope can be safe and effective and should be considered when less invasive techniques are unsuccessful.
Is die ortodoksie se verstaan van die sondeval belemmerend vir die gesprek tussen teologie en natuurwetenskap?
Authors: Buitendag Johan 
Published: November 2012

In hierdie artikel is betoog dat die Gereformeerde Ortodoksie se begrip van die sondeval ’n belemmering was vir die gesprek tussen teologie en natuurwetenskap. Die rede hiervoor was dat dit ten eerste ’n bepaalde verstaan van liniêre tyd nahou en ten tweede dat dit ’n bonatuurlike ingryp veronderstel het. Albei hierdie aspekte het die debat onnodig problematiseer. Die argument is ontwikkel deur eerstens die probleem te definieer, gevolg deur ’n uiteensetting van die standpunte van Augustinus en Calvyn onderskeidelik oor die sondeval. As ’n heuristiese sleutel is die konsepte van infralapsarisme en supralapsarisme aangewend om die tema te ontleed. Die artikel is afgesluit met die oortuiging dat die imago Dei ’n beliggaamde menslike persoon is wat biologies in die geskiedenis in terme van selfbewussyn en morele verantwoordelikheid ontluik het.Is the Orthodoxy’s notion of the Fall inhibitory for the dialogue between theology and science? In this article it was argued that the Reformed Orthodoxy’s interpretation of the Fall had become an impediment in the dialogue between theology and science. The reason was that it assumed firstly a specific understanding of linear time and secondly a metaphysical intervention. Both events were unnecessarily problematising the debate. The argument was deployed by stating the problem, followed by an exposition of the views of Augustine and Calvin on the Fall. As a heuristic key, the concepts of infralapsarism and supralapsarism were applied respectively to analyse the topic. The article concluded with the conviction that the imago Dei is an embodied human person that had biologically emerged in history as a center of self-awareness, and moral responsibility.
Innovation through Protection: Does Safeguard Protection Increase Investment in Research and Development?
Authors: Liebman Benjamin H. , Reynolds Kara M. 
Published: November 2012

We perform the first empirical study of the impact of temporary trade protection on firm investment in R&D. Using a firm‐level panel of the beneficiaries of safeguard protection between 1975 and 2005, we find support for predictions from the theoretical literature that temporary tariffs stimulate investment in R&D, but we find no evidence that this effect disappears as the termination of protection approaches, as predicted by some models. We also find little evidence that quotas impact firm investment in R&D, which we believe is because of the great deal in variation in how restrictive safeguard‐related quota protection has been over the last 35 years.
Measurement of Phagocytosis, Phagosome Acidification, and Intracellular Killing of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Sokolovska Anna , Becker Christine E. , Stuart Lynda M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPhagocytes are an important part of host defense, playing a critical role in innate immune responses against pathogens and in the initiation of adaptive immunity. One of the main characteristics of these cells is their ability to recognize and internalize invading microorganisms into a phagosome. The internalized microbe is rapidly delivered into a mature phagolysosome where it is killed and degraded. However, numerous pathogens have evolved complex mechanisms to manipulate these intracellular organelles to establish a survival niche. Here, we describe several methods to assess important properties of phagosomes in macrophages, such as phagocytosis, acidification of the phagosome contents during the maturation process, and the ability of phagosomes to inactivate and kill pathogens. Phagocytosis and phagosome acidification assays are FACS‐based assays where labeled bacteria are used as probes to monitor internalization into a phagosome and to detect the pH of the phagosome environment. The killing assay is based on the counting of bacterial colonies after recovery of internalized bacteria from macrophages. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 99:14.30.1‐14.30.12. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fault detection and eigenstructure optimization in IEEE 802.11 wireless sensor actuator networks for building automation
Authors: Liao Yong , Dai Xuewu , Liu Guangyuan , Yang Yang , Yang Shizhong 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThere are signs that wireless sensor actuator networks can be used in time‐sensitive industrial processes to reduce cable deployment and increase flexibility. This paper investigates the time‐sensitive fault detector design in wireless sensor actuator networks subject to random packet delays and packet losses. The impacts of wireless packet delays and losses are modeled as external unknown disturbances and a memory block is introduced to deal with the packet losses and long delays. A frequency component estimation method is proved to estimate the frequency of these unknown disturbances. An eigenstructure optimization method is proposed to enhance the fault detector's sensitivity to the fault and the robustness against the delays and packet losses. The fault detection performance in a wireless building automation system is demonstrated by hybrid MATLAB/NS2 simulation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Newness, Tradition and Identity: Existential Content and Meaning in Architecture
Authors: Pallasmaa Juhani 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAt a time when novelty and aesthetic invention have become the established norm for contemporary architecture, the esteemed Finnish author and architect Juhani Pallasmaa speaks out in defence of tradition. He explains how nuance, expressive subtlety and an ambition for an experiential and existential quality in a work require a sense of historical continuum: ‘An embodiment of the essence of tradition’ as a precursor for ‘meaningful creativity’.
Chiral Primary Amine Tagged to Ionic Group as Reusable Organocatalyst for Asymmetric Michael Reactions of C‐Nucleophiles with α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Kucherenko Alexander S. , Siyutkin Dmitry E. , Nigmatov Albert G. , Chizhov Alexander O. , Zlotin Sergei G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe first primary amine‐derived organocatalyst modified with an ionic group for asymmetric Michael reactions of C‐nucleophiles with α,β‐unsaturated ketones was synthesized. In the presence of this catalyst and an acidic co‐catalyst (AcOH), hydroxycoumarin and its sulfur‐containing analogue reacted with benzylideneacetone derivatives or cyclohexenone to afford the corresponding Michael adducts in high yields (up to 97%) and with reasonable enantioselectivity (up to 80%). The catalyst could be easily recovered and efficiently reused three times, afterwards, its activity and stereodifferentiating ability gradually declined. The analysis of recovered catalyst samples by ESI‐MS allowed us to detect undesirable side reactions that poisoned the catalyst, and propose an approach for its reactivation.
Ruthenium Phenylindenyl Complex as an Efficient Transfer Hydrogenation Catalyst
Authors: Manzini Simone , Blanco César A. Urbina , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn efficient and green protocol for the transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl and imine compounds is presented. The transformations are catalysed by the inexpensive and easily synthesised complex [RuCl(PPh3)(3‐phenylindenyl)]. Its catalytic activity was compared to that of the most commonly encountered ruthenium complexes in transfer hydrogenation reactions involving several protypical substrates.
Cesium Carbonate‐Promoted Hydroamidation of Alkynes: Enamides, Indoles and the Effect of Iron(III) Chloride
Authors: Herrero María Teresa , de Sarralde Jokin Díaz , SanMartin Raul , Bravo Laura , Domínguez Esther 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA series of enamide derivatives was prepared by a simple procedure for the hydroamidation of alkynes with amides and sulfonamides. The use of such a mild base as cesium carbonate promotes the latter transformation, and the addition of catalytic amounts of iron(III) chloride has a beneficial effect in the outcome of some of the presented hydroamidation reactions. A range of indoles was also synthesized from ortho‐alkynylanilides by both complementary procedures, which proved to be useful for the construction of the indolo[1,2‐c]quinazoline tetracyclic system from an ortho‐(2‐aminophenylalkynyl)anilide.