bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A point prevalence cross-sectional study of healthcare-associated urinary tract infections in six Australian hospitals
Authors: Gardner Anne , Mitchell Brett , Beckingham Wendy , Fasugba Oyebola 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesUrinary tract infections (UTIs) account for over 30% of healthcare-associated infections. The aim of this study was to determine healthcare-associated UTI (HAUTI) and catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) point prevalence in six Australian hospitals to inform a national point prevalence process and compare two internationally accepted HAUTI definitions. We also described the level and comprehensiveness of clinical record documentation, microbiology laboratory and coding data at identifying HAUTIs and CAUTIs.SettingData were collected from three public and three private Australian hospitals over the first 6 months of 2013.ParticipantsA total of 1109 patients were surveyed. Records of patients of all ages, hospitalised on the day of the point prevalence at the study sites, were eligible for inclusion. Outpatients, patients in adult mental health units, patients categorised as maintenance care type (ie, patients waiting to be transferred to a long-term care facility) and those in the emergency department during the duration of the survey were excluded.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were the HAUTI and CAUTI point prevalence.ResultsOverall HAUTI and CAUTI prevalence was 1.4% (15/1109) and 0.9% (10/1109), respectively.Staphylococcus aureusandCandidaspecies were the most common pathogens. One-quarter (26.3%) of patients had a urinary catheter and fewer than half had appropriate documentation. Eight of the 15 patients ascertained to have a HAUTI based on clinical records (6 being CAUTI) were coded by the medical records department with an International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 code for UTI diagnosis. The Health Protection Agency Surveillance definition had a positive predictive value of 91.67% (CI 64.61 to 98.51) compared against the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition.ConclusionsThese study results provide a foundation for a national Australian point prevalence study and inform the development and implementation of targeted healthcare-associated infection surveillance more broadly.
Quality of randomised controlled trials in medical education reported between 2012 and 2013: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Tolsgaard Martin G , Ku Cheryl , Woods Nicole N , Kulasegaram Kulamakan Mahan , Brydges Ryan , Ringsted Charlotte 
Published: July 2014

IntroductionResearch in medical education has increased in volume over the past decades but concerns have been raised regarding the quality of trials conducted within this field. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving educational interventions that are reported in biomedical journals have been criticised for their insufficient conceptual, theoretical framework. RCTs published in journals dedicated to medical education, on the other hand, have been questioned regarding their methodological rigour. The aim of this study is therefore to assess the quality of RCTs of educational interventions reported in 2012 and 2013 in journals dedicated to medical education compared to biomedical journals with respect to objective quality criteria.Methods and analysisRCTs published between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2013 in English are included. The search strategy is developed with the help of experienced librarians to search online databases for key terms. All of the identified RCTs are screened based on their titles and abstracts individually by the authors and then compared in pairs to assess agreement. Data are extracted from the included RCTs by independently scoring each RCT using a data collection form. The data collection form consists of four steps. Step 1 includes confirmation of RCT eligibility; step 2 consists of the CONSORT checklist; step 3 consists of the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument framework; step 4 consists of a Medical Education Extension (MEdEx) to the CONSORT checklist. The MEdEx includes the following elements: Description of scientific background, explanation of rationale, quality of research questions and hypotheses, clarity in the description of the use of the intervention and control as well as interpretation of results.Ethics and disseminationThis review is the first to systematically examine the quality of RCTs conducted in medical education. We plan to disseminate the results through publications and presentation at relevant conferences. Ethical approval is not sought for this review.
Prevention of surgical site infection in lower limb skin lesion excisions with single dose oral antibiotic prophylaxis: a prospective randomised placebo-controlled double-blind trial
Authors: Smith Samuel C , Heal Clare F , Buttner Petra G 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesTo determine the effectiveness of a single perioperative prophylactic 2 g dose of cephalexin in preventing surgical site infection (SSI) following excision of skin lesions from the lower limb.DesignProspective double-blinded placebo-controlled trial testing for difference in infection rates.SettingPrimary care in regional North Queensland, Australia.Participants52 patients undergoing lower limb skin lesion excision.Interventions2 g dose of cephalexin 30–60 min before excision.Main outcome measuresIncidence of SSI.ResultsIncidence of SSI was 12.5% (95% CI 2.7% to 32.4%) in the cephalexin group compared with 35.7% (95% CI 18.6% to 55.9%) in the placebo group (p=0.064). This represented an absolute reduction of 23.21% (95% CI −0.39% to 46.82%), relative reduction of 65.00% (95% CI −12.70% to 89.13%) and number-needed-to-treat of 4.3.ConclusionsAdministration of a single 2 g dose of cephalexin 30–60 min before skin lesion excision from the lower limb may produce a reduction in the incidence of infection; however, this study was underpowered to statistically determine this.Trial registration numberACTRN12611000595910.
Prevalence and correlates of sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents: a cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Guo Lan , Deng Jianxiong , He Yuan , Deng Xueqing , Huang Jinghui , Huang Guoliang , Gao Xue , Lu Ciyong 
Published: July 2014

Study objectiveTo investigate the prevalence and the correlates of sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents and to examine the association between the two problems.DesignCross-sectional survey.ParticipantsA total of 3186 school students in grades 7–12 were sampled from the schools in Guangdong. A stratified-cluster random-sampling strategy was used to select the schools.Main outcome measuresA self-administered questionnaire was used. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index (PSQI) was used to assess the occurrence of sleep disturbance, and the Center for Epidemiology Scale for Depression (CES-D) was used to identify whether individuals had depressive symptoms.ResultsThe mean PSQI global score was 8.7 (±2.4) points, and 39.6% of the total sample had sleep disturbance. The mean CES-D score of students was 15.2 (±9.4) points, and 6.4% of the students had depressive symptoms. Additionally, girls and older adolescents were more likely to suffer from sleep disturbance, and the students who had depressive symptoms were 2.47 (95% CI 1.61 to 3.79) times more likely to suffer from sleep disturbance. Factors that were correlated with sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms were having a poor relationship with teachers, feeling lonely, suicide ideation and having run away from home.ConclusionsSleep disturbance was determined to be more prevalent among Chinese adolescents with depressive symptoms. Sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms were associated with each other, while school factors, family factors and psychosocial adjustment were comprehensively correlated with both.
Characteristics of hospital-treated intentional drug overdose in Ireland and Northern Ireland
Authors: Griffin Eve , Corcoran Paul , Cassidy Linda , O'Carroll Amanda , Perry Ivan J , Bonner Brendan 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesThis study compared the profile of intentional drug overdoses (IDOs) presenting to emergency departments in Ireland and in the Western Trust Area of Northern Ireland between 2007 and 2012. Specifically the study aimed to compare characteristics of the patients involved, to explore the factors associated with repeated IDO and to report the prescription rates of common drug types in the population.MethodsWe utilised data from two comparable registries which monitor the incidence of hospital-treated self-harm, recording data from deliberate self-harm presentations involving an IDO to all hospital emergency departments for the period 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2012.ResultsBetween 2007 and 2012 the registries recorded 56 494 self-harm presentations involving an IDO. The study showed that hospital-treated IDO was almost twice as common in Northern Ireland than in Ireland (278 vs 156/100 000, respectively).ConclusionsDespite the overall difference in the rates of IDO, the profile of such presentations was remarkably similar in both countries. Minor tranquillisers were the drugs most commonly involved in IDOs. National campaigns are required to address the availability and misuse of minor tranquillisers, both prescribed and non-prescribed.
Next-generation sequencing of adrenocortical carcinoma reveals new routes to targeted therapies
Authors: Ross J S , Wang K , Rand J V , Gay L , Presta M J , Sheehan C E , Ali S M , Elvin J A , Labrecque E , Hiemstra C , Buell J , Otto G A , Yelensky R , Lipson D , Morosini D , Chmielecki J , Miller V A , Stephens P J 
Published: July 2014

AimsAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) carries a poor prognosis and current systemic cytotoxic therapies result in only modest improvement in overall survival. In this retrospective study, we performed a comprehensive genomic profiling of 29 consecutive ACC samples to identify potential targets of therapy not currently searched for in routine clinical practice.MethodsDNA from 29 ACC was sequenced to high, uniform coverage (Illumina HiSeq) and analysed for genomic alterations (GAs).ResultsAt least one GA was found in 22 (76%) ACC (mean 2.6 alterations per ACC). The most frequent GAs were inTP53(34%),NF1(14%),CDKN2A(14%),MEN1(14%),CTNNB1(10%) andATM(10%).APC,CCND2,CDK4,DAXX,DNMT3A,KDM5C,LRP1B,MSH2andRB1were each altered in two cases (7%) andEGFR,ERBB4,KRAS,MDM2,NRAS,PDGFRB,PIK3CA,PTENandPTCH1were each altered in a single case (3%). In 17 (59%) of ACC, at least one GA was associated with an available therapeutic or a mechanism-based clinical trial.ConclusionsNext-generation sequencing can discover targets of therapy for relapsed and metastatic ACC and shows promise to improve outcomes for this aggressive form of cancer.
Clinical utility of selective molecular genotyping for diagnosis of partial hydatidiform mole; a retrospective study from a regional trophoblastic disease unit
Authors: Fisher Rosemary A , Tommasi Anna , Short Dee , Kaur Baljeet , Seckl Michael J , Sebire Neil J 
Published: July 2014

AimsHydatidiform moles (HMs) are genetically abnormal conceptions, associated with increased risk of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Diagnosis is usually based on histopathological criteria but in a minority definitive histological diagnosis is not possible; in such cases molecular genotyping may be diagnostic. This study describes the clinical usefulness of such an approach.MethodsCases in which central histology review demonstrated abnormal villous morphological features insufficient for definite diagnosis of partial HM (PHM) (‘favour PHM’ or ‘PHM not excluded’) underwent molecular genotyping of villous and maternal tissue, using short tandem repeats, to determine ploidy and parental origin of the placental tissue.ResultsOf 251 cases with non-diagnostic morphological villous abnormalities, molecular investigation was not possible in 14 (6%; limited material or technical issues). Overall, 124 (49%) were triploid including 71/86 (85%) of those morphologically favouring PHM, and 53/165 (32%) of those favouring non-molar miscarriage. Of 85 cases of triploidy in whom sufficient material was available, 84 had an additional paternal contribution. Single cases of digynic triploidy, tetraploid PHM and two mosaic conceptions were also identified. Twenty-three non-molar diploid cases (21%) exhibited trisomy.ConclusionsMolecular genotyping allows definitive diagnosis of PHM for cases in which specialist histopathology review remains equivocal. While this approach provides definite diagnosis it is considerably more expensive than a pragmatic management approach of human chorionic gonadotrophin surveillance in all such cases.
Certain transformations for hypergeometric series in the p-adic setting
Authors: Barman Rupam , Saikia Neelam 
Published: July 2014

In [The trace of Frobenius of elliptic curves and the p-adic gamma function, Pacific J. Math. 261(1) (2013) 219–236], McCarthy defined a function nGn[⋯] using the Teichmüller character of finite fields and quotients of the p-adic gamma function. This function extends hypergeometric functions over finite fields to the p-adic setting. In this paper, we give certain transformation formulas for the function nGn[⋯] which are not implied from the analogous hypergeometric functions over finite fields.
β-blockade abolishes the augmented cardiac tPA release induced by transactivation of heterodimerised bradykinin receptor-2 and β2-adrenergic receptor in vivo
Authors: Eriksen Morten , Ilebekk Arnfinn , Cataliotti Alessandro , Carlson Cathrine Rein , Lyberg Torstein , Aspelin Trude 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBradykinin (BK) receptor-2 (B2R) and β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) have been shown to form heterodimers in vitro. However, in vivo proofs of the functional effects of B2R-β2AR heterodimerisation are missing. Both BK and adrenergic stimulation are known inducers of tPA release. Our goal was to demonstrate the existence of B2R-β2AR heterodimerisation in myocardium and to define its functional effect on cardiac release of tPA in vivo. We further investigated the effects of a non-selective β-blocker on this receptor interplay. To investigate functional effects of B2R-β2AR heterodimerisation (i. e. BK transactivation of β2AR) in vivo, we induced serial electrical stimulation of cardiac sympathetic nerves (SS) in normal pigs that underwent concomitant BK infusion. Both SS and BK alone induced increases in cardiac tPA release. Importantly, despite B2R desensitisation, simultaneous BK infusion and SS (BK+SS) was characterised by 2.3 ± 0.3-fold enhanced tPA release compared to SS alone. When β-blockade (propranolol) was introduced prior to BK+SS, tPA release was inhibited. A persistent B2R-β2AR heterodimer was confirmed in BK-stimulated and nonstimulated left ventricular myocardium by immunoprecipitation studies and under non-reducing gel conditions. All together, these results strongly suggest BK transactivation of β2AR leading to enhanced β2AR-mediated release of tPA. Importantly, non-selective β-blockade inhibits both SS-induced release of tPA and the functional effects of B2R-β2AR heterodimerisation in vivo, which may have important clinical implications.
Australian Marsh Beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae). 6. Genera Calvarium Pic, Papuacyphon Zwick, and Ypsiloncyphon Klausnitzer
Authors: ZWICK PETER 
Published: July 2014

The genus Calvarium Pic, 1918 is for the first time recorded from Australia. Six new Australian species are named and described. Calvarium australiense n. sp. and C. superbum n. sp. from the Northern Territory are typical representatives of the genus. A new subgenus, Calvariellum n. subgen., is proposed for four species from NE Queensland which share general body structure with other Calvarium species but have different, less derived male genitalia: Calvarium (Calvariellum) bellendenker n. sp., C. (Calvariellum) cochlearifer n. sp., C. (Calvariellum) hamifer n. sp., and C. (Calvariellum) lancifer n. sp. Papuacyphon darwini n. sp. is described from SW Australia. The genus was previously known only from Papua New Guinea. Species Group 3 of the genus Ypsiloncyphon Klausnitzer, 2009 is first recorded from Australia. It is endemic to the Australasian region. The Australian species Y. angustus n. sp., Y. brevis n. sp., Y. katherinae n. sp., Y. longus n. sp., Y. pusillus n. sp., Y. velatus n. sp., and Y. virgulifer n. sp. are described, the New Guinean species Y. micans (Klausnitzer, 1973) (= Cyphon paramicans Klausnitzer, 1973, n. syn.), Y. mutilatus n. sp., Y. ruficollis n. sp., and Y. rugosus n. sp. are described or redescribed from types, respectively. Three Australian species known only in the female sex are described under informal designations.
Contrast-enhanced MR cholangiography with Gd-EOB-DTPA for preoperative biliary mapping: correlation with intraoperative cholangiography
Authors: Lee Yedaun , Kim So Yeon , Kim Kyoung Won , Lee Seung Soo , Park Seong Ho , Byun Jae Ho , Lee Moon-Gyu 
Published: July 2014

Background Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) could be used for preoperative evaluation of bile duct anatomy in addition to conventional information of focal hepatic lesions. Purpose To evaluate accuracy of contrast-enhanced MR cholangiography (CE MRC) reconstructed from Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR images for depicting biliary anatomy with intraoperative cholangiography. Material and Methods We retrospectively identified 71 patients who underwent both preoperative Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging (MRI) and intraoperative cholangiography for hepatic resections. Two readers independently analyzed biliary anatomy using CE MRC reconstructed from transverse and coronal images separately in 4 weeks. The accuracy and diagnostic confidence were evaluated in correlation with intraoperative cholangiography. The accuracy and confidence score (3-point scale) were compared on CE MRCs from transverse versus coronal images. Results CE MRCs correctly depicted biliary anatomy in 91.5% and 88.7% with coronal images and in 81.7% and 73.2% with transverse images for readers 1 and 2, respectively. CE MRCs from coronal images tended to show greater accuracy ( P = 0.12 and 0.01, for readers 1 and 2) and higher confidence score ( P = 0.11 and P = 0.04, for readers 1 and 2) than those from transverse images. Conclusion Accurate preoperative biliary mapping can be achieved on CE MRC reconstructed from Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR images. The diagnostic performance was better on CE MRC reconstructed from coronal than those from transverse images.
The influence of ictal cutaneous allodynia on the response to occipital transcutaneous electrical stimulation in chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache: A randomized, sham-controlled study
Authors: Bono F , Salvino D , Mazza MR , Curcio M , Trimboli M , Vescio B , Quattrone A 
Published: July 2014

Objective The objective of this article is to determine whether cutaneous allodynia (CA) influences the response to treatment with occipital transcutaneous electrical stimulation (OTES) in chronic migraine (CM) and chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). Methods One hundred and sixty consecutive patients with CM or CTTH were randomized to be treated with real or sham OTES stimulation three times a day for two consecutive weeks. All patients completed the validated 12-item allodynia symptom checklist for assessing the presence and the severity of CA during headache attack. Primary end-point was change (≥50%) in number of monthly headache-free days. Results There was a significant difference in the percentage of responders in the real OTES compared with sham OTES group ( p <0.001). Importantly, there was not a significant change of monthly headache-free days in the allodynic patients with CM and CTTH treated both with real and sham OTES, while the number of headache-free days per month was significantly reduced in the real (86%) but not in the sham group (7%) of non-allodynic patients with CTTH and CM. Conclusions Severe CA is associated with decreased response to treatment with OTES in patients with CM and CTTH.
Dihydroergotamine and sumatriptan in isolated human coronary artery, middle meningeal artery and saphenous vein
Authors: Labruijere Sieneke , Chan Kayi Y , de Vries René , van den Bogaerdt Antoon J , Dirven Clemens M , Danser AH Jan , Kori Shashidhar H , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette 
Published: July 2014

Background Dihydroergotamine (DHE) and sumatriptan are contraindicated in patients with cardiovascular disease because of their vasoconstricting properties, which have originally been explored in proximal coronary arteries. Our aim was to investigate DHE and sumatriptan in the proximal and distal coronary artery, middle meningeal artery and saphenous vein. Methods Blood vessel segments were mounted in organ baths and concentration response curves for DHE and sumatriptan were constructed. Results In the proximal coronary artery, meningeal artery and saphenous vein, maximal contractions to DHE (proximal: 8 ± 4%; meningeal: 32 ± 7%; saphenous: 52 ± 11%) and sumatriptan (proximal: 17 ± 7%; meningeal: 61 ± 18%, saphenous: 37 ± 8%) were not significantly different. In the distal coronary artery, contractions to DHE (5 ± 2%) were significantly smaller than those to sumatriptan (17 ± 9%). At clinically relevant concentrations, mean contractions to DHE and sumatriptan were below 3% in proximal coronary arteries and below 6% in distal coronary arteries. Contractions in the meningeal artery and saphenous vein were higher (7%–38%). Conclusions Contractions to DHE in distal coronary arteries are smaller than those to sumatriptan, while at clinical concentrations they both induce only slight contractions. In meningeal arteries contractions to DHE and sumatriptan are significantly larger, showing their cranioselectivity. Contractions to DHE in the saphenous vein are higher than those in the arteries, confirming its venous contractile properties.
A case of post-traumatic LASH syndrome responsive to indomethacin and melatonin (a man with a unique triad of indomethacin-responsive trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias)
Authors: Rozen Todd D , Beams Jennifer L 
Published: July 2014

Objective The objective of this article is to present the first post-traumatic/secondary case of LASH syndrome and the first melatonin-responsive case of LASH. Methods We present a case report. Results A 44-year-old man developed three distinct headache syndromes in progression over a 2.5-year time period after a motor vehicle accident. He initially had paroxysmal hemicrania, which he experienced for 15 months, then transitioned to hemicrania continua for 3.5 months, then LASH syndrome, which he endured until he was treated with indomethacin and became pain free. Then after an inability to taper off indomethacin he was placed on melatonin and achieved a pain-free state. Conclusion This is the first post-traumatic/secondary case of LASH syndrome, the first male patient to be documented with LASH, and the first LASH case to show complete alleviation with melatonin. This patient’s unique case history provides another example of how multiple trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias can occur in a single individual. This may be one of the first cases of three distinct trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias developing after trauma.