bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relational Demography in Supervisor‐Subordinate Dyads: An Examination of Discrimination and Exclusionary Treatment
Authors: Schaffer Bryan S. , Riordan Christine M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study examines the link between supervisor‐subordinate dissimilarity and associated perceptions of discrimination and exclusionary treatment. Using a sample of 1,059 employees from a large Southeastern insurance company, we examined age, race, and gender dissimilarity as predictors of perceived discrimination, supervisory support, and leader‐member exchange. In addition, we examined supervisor liking/attraction and status of affiliation with supervisor as intervening variables. Race dissimilarity related positively to perceptions of discrimination and exclusionary treatment, mediated by both supervisor liking and status. Effects for age and gender dissimilarity were nonsignificant. We discuss the importance of these findings for understanding and managing dyadic relationships at work. Copyright © 2013 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capacité d'apprentissage organisationnel : analyse théorique et étude empirique dans le contexte des équipes de projets d'aide publique au développement
Authors: Mbengue Ababacar , Sané Seydou 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAlthough several studies have investigated Organizational Learning Capability (OLC), the question of its operationalization remains open. We review the OLC concept, analyze its relationship to Organizational Learning (OL), and assess the validity of its operationalization through three models (formative, reflexive, mixed). While part of the literature states that OLC has five dimensions (experimentation, risk taking, dialogue, interaction with stakeholders, and participation in decision making), our exploratory study of 41 Official Development Aid projects suggests the existence of an important sixth dimension for OLC: autonomy vis‐à‐vis the national supervisor. The theoretical and practical implications of this finding are then discussed. Copyright © 2013 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Ritonavir‐Boosted Danoprevir, a Potent Hepatitis C Virus Protease Inhibitor, on QTc Interval in Healthy Subjects: Results from a Thorough QT Study
Authors: Morcos Peter N. , Kulkarni Rohit , Scoon Sally , Smith Patrick F. , Brennan Barbara J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Preclinical Research

Danoprevir is a macrocyclic hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor in clinical development in combination with ritonavir. This study investigated whether ritonavir‐boosted danoprevir (DNVr) affects cardiac repolarization, as measured by study‐specific corrected QT (QTcS) interval. This was a single‐center, single‐dose, randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy, four‐way crossover study. Healthy subjects received a single dose of each treatment (therapeutic‐dose DNVr 100/100 mg; supratherapeutic‐dose DNVr 400/100 mg; positive control [moxifloxacin 400 mg]; placebo) by randomized sequence, at least 7 days apart. Triplicate readings by continuous Holter 12‐lead digital electrocardiogram (Mortara Instruments, Inc., Milwaukee, WI) were obtained during day 1 and 24 h postdose. There was no clinically relevant increase in QTcS interval with DNVr compared with placebo in 52 subjects. The upper one‐sided 95% confidence interval for placebo‐subtracted change from baseline QTcS was <10 ms at all time points for both DNVr doses. Pronounced increase in QTcS with moxifloxacin treatment confirmed the ECG assay sensitivity. There was no trend for a concentration‐dependent effect of danoprevir on QTcS. DNVr doses were well tolerated. This thorough QTc study demonstrates no clinically or statistically significant effect on cardiac repolarization with administration of a single dose of danoprevir (up to 400 mg) with low‐dose ritonavir (100 mg) in healthy subjects.
Estimating aggregated nutrient fluxes in four Finnish rivers via Gaussian state space models
Authors: Helske Jouni , Nyblom Jukka , Ekholm Petri , Meissner Kristian 
Published: March 2013

Reliable estimates of the nutrient fluxes carried by rivers from land‐based sources to the sea are needed for efficient abatement of marine eutrophication. Although nutrient concentrations in rivers generally display large temporal variation, sampling and analysis for nutrients, unlike flow measurements, are rarely performed on a daily basis. The infrequent data calls for ways to reliably estimate the nutrient concentrations of the missing days. Here, we use the Gaussian state space models with daily water flow as a predictor variable to predict missing nutrient concentrations for four agriculturally impacted Finnish rivers. Via simulation of Gaussian state space models, we are able to estimate aggregated yearly phosphorus and nitrogen fluxes, and their confidence intervals.The effect of model uncertainty is evaluated through a Monte Carlo experiment, where randomly selected sets of nutrient measurements are removed and then predicted by the remaining values together with re‐estimated parameters. Results show that our model performs well for rivers with long‐term records of flow. Finally, despite the drastic decreases in nutrient loads on the agricultural catchments of the rivers over the last 25 years, we observe no corresponding trends in riverine nutrient fluxes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Impact of Improved Microarray Coverage and Larger Sample Sizes on Future Genome‐Wide Association Studies
Authors: Lindquist Karla J. , Jorgenson Eric , Hoffmann Thomas J. , Witte John S. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with complex traits. However, the genetic heritability of most of these traits remains unexplained. To help guide future studies, we address the crucial question of whether future GWAS can detect new SNP associations and explain additional heritability given the new availability of larger GWAS SNP arrays, imputation, and reduced genotyping costs. We first describe the pairwise and imputation coverage of all SNPs in the human genome by commercially available GWAS SNP arrays, using the 1000 Genomes Project as a reference. Next, we describe the findings from 6 years of GWAS of 172 chronic diseases, calculating the power to detect each of them while taking array coverage and sample size into account. We then calculate the power to detect these SNP associations under different conditions using improved coverage and/or sample sizes. Finally, we estimate the percentages of SNP associations and heritability previously detected and detectable by future GWAS under each condition. Overall, we estimated that previous GWAS have detected less than one‐fifth of all GWAS‐detectable SNPs underlying chronic disease. Furthermore, increasing sample size has a much larger impact than increasing coverage on the potential of future GWAS to detect additional SNP‐disease associations and heritability.
Seismic properties of the Kohistan oceanic arc root: Insights from laboratory measurements and thermodynamic modeling
Authors: Almqvist B. S. G. , Burg J.‐P. , Berger J. , Burlini L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractP‐wave velocities (Vp) have been measured in the laboratory and calculated using thermodynamic modeling for seven representative rock samples from the lower crust to mantle section of the Kohistan paleo‐island arc. Lower crustal rocks comprise plagioclase‐rich gabbro, garnet‐bearing gabbro, and hornblendite; mantle rocks comprise garnetite, pyroxenite, websterite, and dunite. Measurements were performed at confining pressures up to 0.5 GPa and temperatures up to 1200°C. Vp were also calculated using rock major element chemistry with the Perple_X software package. Calculated Vp match closely the laboratory measurements. At depths representative for the arc root, Vp of upper mantle rocks vary from 7.7–8.1 km/s, whereas the lower crustal rocks have velocities between 6.9–7.5 km/s. P‐wave anisotropy is small, with exceptions of sheared gabbros. Measured and calculated seismic properties are consistent with, and complement a growing database of published seismic properties from the Kohistan arc. In the light of such data, we discuss seismic imaging of present‐day island arcs. Intermediate Vp (7.4–7.7 km/s) in arc roots can be explained by pyroxenites and garnet‐bearing mafic rocks. Strong seismic reflectors may be related to garnetites (8.0–8.2 km/s).
Dependence of O+ escape rate from the Venusian upper atmosphere on IMF directions
Authors: Masunaga K. , Futaana Y. , Stenberg G. , Barabash S. , Zhang T. L. , Fedorov A. , Okano S. , Terada N. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe investigate the dependence of the O+ escape rate on the upstream interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) direction by using data from the Analyser of Space Plasma and Energetic Atoms (ASPERA‐4) instrument and the magnetometer (MAG) onboard Venus Express. We consider two cases, namely the perpendicular IMF case (167 events) and the parallel IMF case (82 events), where IMF is nearly perpendicular to the Venus‐Sun line and nearly parallel to it. By integrating O+ fluxes observed on the nightside, total O+ escape rates of (5.8 ± 2.9) × 1024 s−1 (perpendicular IMF case) and (4.9 ± 2.2) × 1024 s−1 (parallel IMF case) are obtained. As these values are not significantly different, the upstream IMF direction does not affect the total amount of O+ outflow from Venus. The different acceleration mechanisms must balance each other in order to keep the escape rate the same.
Promoting Effective Psychological Contracts Through Leadership: The Missing Link Between HR Strategy and Performance
Authors: McDermott Aoife M. , Conway Edel , Rousseau Denise M. , Flood Patrick C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article offers line managers and HR professionals an actionable, research‐based framework for developing psychological contracts with employees that suit their organizational and human resource (HR) strategy. Leadership styles supporting the firm's HR strategy are key to making psychological contracts that benefit both the firm and its members. When managers' styles are out of sync with HR strategy, this mismatch can lead to poorer performance through ineffective and unfulfilled psychological contracts with workers.
THE EFFECTS OF EXPANDING THE GENEROSITY OF THE STATUTORY SICKNESS INSURANCE SYSTEM
Authors: Ziebarth Nicolas R. , Karlsson Martin 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYThis article evaluates an expansion of employer‐mandated sick leave from 80% to 100% of forgone gross wages in Germany. We employ and compare parametric difference‐in‐difference (DID), matching DID and mixed approaches. Overall workplace absences increased by at least 10% or 1 day per worker per year. We show that taking partial compliance into account increases coefficient estimates. Further, heterogeneity in response behavior was of great importance. There is no evidence that the increase in sick leave improved employee health, a finding that supports a shirking explanation. Finally, we provide evidence on potential labor market adjustments to the reform. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RANKL subcellular trafficking and regulatory mechanisms in osteocytes
Authors: Honma Masashi , Ikebuchi Yuki , Kariya Yoshiaki , Hayashi Madoka , Hayashi Naoki , Aoki Shigeki , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

The receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is the central player in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis, and the quantity of RANKL presented to osteoclast precursors is an important factor determining the magnitude of osteoclast formation. Because osteoblastic cells are thought to be a major source of RANKL, the regulatory mechanisms of RANKL subcellular trafficking have been studied in osteoblastic cells. However, recent reports showed that osteocytes are a major source of RANKL presentation to osteoclast precursors, prompting a need to reinvestigate RANKL subcellular trafficking in osteocytes. Investigation of molecular mechanisms in detail needs well-designed in vitro experimental systems. Thus, we developed a novel co-culture system of osteoclast precursors and osteocytes embedded in collagen gel. Experiments using this model revealed that osteocytic RANKL is provided as a membrane-bound form to osteoclast precursors through osteocyte dendritic processes and that the contribution of soluble RANKL to the osteoclastogenesis supported by osteocytes is minor. Moreover, the regulation of RANKL subcellular trafficking, such as OPG-mediated transport of newly synthesized RANKL molecules to lysosomal storage compartments, and the release of RANKL to the cell surface upon stimulation with RANK are confirmed to be functional in osteocytes. These results provide a novel understanding of the regulation of osteoclastogenesis.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the uvula: An analysis of factors affecting survival
Authors: Overton Lewis J. , Fritsch Valerie A. , Lentsch Eric J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Uvular squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is usually considered with soft palate tumors as an oropharyngeal cancer subsite. This investigation aims to determine whether the uvula itself is a high‐risk subsite in the oropharynx for primary squamous cell carcinomas.Study Design:Retrospective analysis of a large population database.Methods:Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we identified patients with T1 and T2 SCC of the oropharynx. Patients were categorized into two groups based on primary site: 1) uvula; and 2) oropharynx not otherwise specified. Clinicopathologic characteristics and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were compared between the two groups.Results:Of the 9,833 patients we identified, 129 (1.3%) had primary uvular tumors. Primary tumors of the uvula were more likely to be smaller lesions at diagnosis (P < .001) and to present at a lower anatomical stage (P < .001). They also presented with less concurrent nodal metastasis (P < .001) and lower histological grade (P < .001). There was no evidence that size of uvular SCC lesion had any effect on nodal disease (P = .54), and survival was the same for T1 and T2 uvular SCC patients (P = .14). DSS was similar between the two groups as well (P = .7629).Conclusions:Our data indicate that primary SCC of the uvula does not have a worse prognosis, and tends to be recognized earlier and treated more definitively than SCC found in other oropharyngeal regions. However, survival being equivalent between two distinctive groups is perplexing, and may indicate an underlying aggressiveness to uvular cancers.
Endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid approaches: Anatomical landmarks for planning the surgical corridor
Authors: Kasemsiri Pornthep , Solares C. Arturo , Carrau Ricardo L. , Prosser J. Drew , Prevedello Daniel M. , Otto Bradley A. , Old Matthew , Kassam Amin B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid approaches (EETA) use the pneumatization of the sinonasal corridor to control lesions of the middle and posterior skull base. These surgical areas are complex and the required surgical corridors are difficult to predict.Aim:Define anatomical landmarks for the preoperative planning of EETAs.Study design:Anatomical study.Methods:We reviewed images from high‐resolution maxillofacial CT scans with (0.6‐mm axial slice acquisition). Cephalometric measurements were obtained using Kodak Carestream Image Software (Rochester, NY).Results:Average distance from midline to the vidian canal was 12.78 mm (range 9.4–15.8 mm). Average horizontal distance from the vidian canal to the foramen rotundum was 5.6 mm (range 2.8–11.5 mm). Average vertical distance from the vidian canal to the foramen rotundum was 6.22 mm (range 4.3–9.3 mm). These landmarks are consequential during the preoperative planning of the surgical corridor.To facilitate communication, we classified EETAs as: A) Partial removal of the pterygoid plates (transposition of temporo‐parietal fascia); B) removal of anteromedial aspect of the pterygoid process (lesions involving the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus); C) involves dissecting the vidian nerve to control the petrous ICA and removing the pterygoid plates base to reach the petrous apex, Meckel's cave, or cavernous sinus; D) variable removal of the pterygoid plates to access the infratemporal fossa; and E) removal of pterygoid process and medial third of the Eustachian tube to expose the nasopharynx.Conclusions:Our novel classification and landmarks system helps to understand the anatomy of this complex area and to accurately plan the EETA.
Airway obstruction due to unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Nelson Jennifer L. , Woodson Gayle E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Airway obstruction is an uncommon presentation of unilateral laryngeal paralysis. We have observed two mechanisms of obstruction: arytenoid prolapse and inappropriate adduction of the paralyzed vocal fold. We evaluated arytenoid abduction (AAb) and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) reinnervation as treatments for airway obstruction in patients with unilateral laryngeal paralysis.Study Design:Retrospective case series.Methods:Seven patients with airway obstruction secondary to unilateral laryngeal paralysis were evaluated with flexible laryngoscopy and direct laryngoscopy. Patients with flaccid paralysis and a prolapsing arytenoid were treated with AAb. Airway obstruction due to inspiratory vocal fold adduction was managed by RLN transection and ansa reinnervation of the distal stump.Results:In all cases, paralysis resulted from RLN injury during surgery: thyroidectomy or cervical spine surgery. AAb was performed in four patients with arytenoid prolapse, and all had significant airway improvement, including decannulation of the two patients who had been tracheotomy dependent. RLN reinnervation was performed in five patients, two of whom had inappropriate adduction detected after AAb. The site of RLN injury was identified at surgery in all four patients. Inspiratory stridor and laryngospasm were abolished immediately after RLN transection.Conclusions:Arytenoid prolapse and/or inappropriate laryngeal adduction can cause airway obstruction in patients with unilateral laryngeal paralysis. Treatment of airway obstruction should address the underlying pathophysiology. AAb and RLN transection with ansa reinnervation can be effective in selected patients.
Factors contributing to cost in partial versus total tonsillectomy
Authors: Stucken Emily Z. , Grunstein Eli , Haddad Joseph , Modi Vikash K. , Waldman Erik H. , Ward Robert F. , Stewart Michael G. , April Max M. 
Published: March 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo examine differences between total tonsillectomy and partial intracapsular tonsillectomy techniques that may lead to differences in overall cost and resource utilization between these procedures. Preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative management and outcome factors were examined.Study DesignRetrospective review at two university‐based tertiary care hospitals from January 2007 to June 2010.MethodsPediatric patients with obstructive symptoms were divided into those undergoing total tonsillectomy and those undergoing partial intracapsular tonsillectomy. The records of 289 patients who underwent total tonsillectomy and 289 patients who underwent partial intracapsular tonsillectomy were reviewed.ResultsThe average age of patients undergoing total and partial tonsillectomies was 5.0 years for both groups. Significant differences for patients undergoing total versus partial tonsillectomies were as follows: operative time (32.4 vs. 26.4 minutes, P < .0001), postanesthesia care unit (PACU) time (174 vs. 91.6 minutes, P < .0001), percent admitted postoperatively (21.5% vs. 1.7%, P < .0001), number requiring pediatric intensive care unit stay (3.5% vs. 0.3%, P < .05), number of readmissions after discharge (3.5% vs. 0.3%, P < .05), and number of postoperative emergency room visits separate from those requiring readmission (4.8% vs. 0%, P < .05). Factors that were not found to be significantly different included number of patients with postoperative hemorrhage and number requiring second operations for tonsillar regrowth.ConclusionsPrevious studies have shown equivalent effectiveness between these two procedures; our study suggests decreased cost and resource utilization with partial tonsillectomy through reduced operative and PACU times and number of postoperative admissions and emergency department visits. As in all retrospective reviews, the findings are potentially confounded by unmeasured variables, including patient and demographic factors.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:2868–2872, 2013
Mimicking Nanofibrous Hybrid Bone Substitute for Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation into Osteogenesis
Authors: Gandhimathi Chinnasamy , Venugopal Jayarama , Ravichandran Rajeswari , Sundarrajan Subramanian , Suganya Shanmugavel , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMimicking hybrid extracellular matrix is one of the main challenges for bone tissue engineering (BTE). Biocompatible polycaprolactone/poly(α,β)‐DL‐aspartic acid/collagen nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning and nanohydroxyapatite (n‐HA) was deposited by calcium phosphate dipping method for BTE. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on these hybrid scaffolds to investigate the cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation by alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization, double immunofluorescent staining using CD90 and expression of osteocalcin. The present study indicated that the PCL/PAA/collagen/n‐HA scaffolds promoted greater osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, proving to be a potential hybrid scaffolds for BTE. magnified image
Novel allergens from ancient foods: Man e 5 from manioc (Manihot esculentaCrantz) cross reacts with Hev b 5 from latex
Authors: Santos Keity Souza , Gadermaier Gabriele , Vejvar Eva , Arcuri Helen Andrade , Galvão Clovis Eduardo , Yang Ariana Campos , Resende Virgínia Maria Ferreira , de Oliveira Martins Carlo , Himly Martin , Mari Adriano , Liso Marina , Pomponi Debora , Breiteneder Heimo , Wagner Stefan , Kalil Jorge , Ferreira Fátima , Castro Fábio Fernandes Morato 
Published: March 2013

ScopeManioc (Manihot esculenta) is a tuber mainly consumed in the Southern Hemisphere and used worldwide by food and chemistry industry. We aimed to recombinantly produce and characterize the first manioc allergen and evaluate its IgE reactivity in sera of Brazilian and Italian patients.Methods and resultsThe molecule, termed Man e5, was expressed in E. coli, characterized by amino acid analysis, mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, HPLC, and dynamic light scattering. A tertiary structural model of the protein was produced using bioinformatics and susceptibility to pepsin digestion was analyzed in vitro. Based on its high content of charged residues, heat stability, flexibility and lack of secondary structure elements, the allergen was determined a member of the intrinsically disordered protein family. Brazilian patients were selected based on manioc allergy and Italians based on latex allergy and sensitization to Hev b 5.71% of Brazilians and 40% of Italians were in vitro IgE positive to Man e5. Cross‐inhibition assays suggest a possible involvement of this allergen in the latex‐fruit syndrome.ConclusionMan e5, the first purified allergen from manioc demonstrates IgE cross‐reactivity with Hev b 5. Data suggest Hev b 5 might act as primary sensitizer and could therefore lead to allergic manifestations upon manioc consumption without prior exposition.