bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early enteral nutrition (EEN) following intestinal anastomosis in pediatric patients – what’s new?
Authors: Drossard Sabine , Schuffert Louisa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Abdominal surgery in children may disrupt normal gut function, necessitating prolonged fasting, which can lead to complications such as dehydration and nutritional deficits. Early enteral nutrition (EEN) after surgical procedures can enhance wound healing, prevent malnutrition, and expedite recovery. Although concerns exist regarding the risk of complications associated with EEN, current evidence suggests that it is not linked to increased perioperative complications.

Content
This scoping review provides an overview of the role of EEN in pediatric abdominal surgery, exploring its benefits and risks within the context of recent literature from 2021 to 2024. A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed database in April 2024 and the identified studies were compared. The search revealed 586 results, wherefrom eight studies (three systematic reviews and five clinical studies) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Five studies were added since 2021. Overall, EEN may reduce the length of hospital stay, time to full oral intake, and return of bowel function. It does not seem to increase the rate of anastomotic leakage. EEN is associated with lower rates of surgical site infections and wound dehiscence as well as fewer septic complications. One study showed an increase in nausea/vomiting and abdominal distension in the EEN group, which did not lead to further complications.

Summary and Outlook
Current evidence suggests that EEN after abdominal surgery in pediatric patients is not associated with a higher rate of complications. In fact, EEN seems to be beneficial and lead to improved patient outcomes and shorter hospital stays. Emphasis on patient and parent comfort, individualized feeding initiation based on clinical factors, and standardized postoperative feeding protocols are recommended to optimize outcomes in pediatric abdominal surgery.
“Science is in everything, whether we realize it or not”: using the IPA to encourage interest in the scientific study of language
Authors: Kaiser Ellie , Patson Nikole D. , Wagner Laura 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
One way to bring greater awareness to the fact that language can be, and often is, studied scientifically is to show people the scientific tools that linguists use to study it, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). This project investigated how doing a common IPA activity might influence people’s perceptions of language science and linguists. Adult visitors to a science museum (N = 117) participated in an activity in which they saw their name transcribed into the IPA and were guided to notice how it differed from the standard spelling, informed about some basic articulatory phonetics connected to the sounds in their names, and encouraged to think about the differences between sounds and letters more generally. Participants were then surveyed about what they had learned and their attitudes about language science. The results showed that most participants learned at least some of the core content material. More notably, the participants were more likely to believe that aspects of language such as poetry and dialects could be studied experimentally by scientists than a control group of adults who had not participated. These results demonstrate that even a brief intervention, if thoughtfully conducted, can shift attitudes towards the belief that language can be studied scientifically.
Aging assessment of silicone rubber materials under corona discharge accompanied by humidity and UV radiation
Authors: Mahmood Atif , Muneeb Ahmed , Saeed Usman , Alam Shahid , Al-Ammar Essam A. , Kang Jee-Hyun , Zoubi Wail Al , Choi Dongwhi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
High voltage (HV) outdoor insulators are subjected to both electrical and environmental stresses, which may lead to their failure. Among the causes, corona discharge, humidity and UV radiation are considered to be the most damaging factors. Efforts are therefore underway to investigate new materials for improving the performance of insulating systems. In this research work, silicone-based room temperature vulcanized samples filled with alumina trihydrate (ATH), silicon dioxide and magnesium hydroxide (MH) were prepared and exposed to AC corona discharge for a duration of 110 h. The electric discharge was also accompanied by UV radiation and two different humidity levels. Following aging of the test samples, diagnosis was conducted to assess their integrity. Measurements based on determining the static contact angle demonstrated the loss of hydrophobicity of all the materials, while hydrophobicity recovery phenomena revealed that ATH-doped materials demonstrated a comparatively higher increase in the contact angle than in samples filled with silicone dioxide (silica) and MH. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed deep cracks and block-like structures on their surfaces. Similarly, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis indicated the signs of surface oxidation of the aged samples. However, the data of elemental composition exhibited the loss of filler contents as well as that of carbon from the base matrix. The overall assessment showed that resistance to suppress aging is influenced by both the filler type and its concentration in the investigated composites. The ATH-filled composites exhibited outstanding performance when exposed to the rigors of corona discharge and other environmental stresses. This research contributes to materials science and HV engineering by addressing the development of composites for enhanced insulator performance, with future aspects lying in the utilization of nano-composites for advanced functionality and durability.
Investigation on recycling and reprocessing ability of self-healing natural rubber based on ionic crosslink network
Authors: Zainol Mohd Hafiz , Khimi Shuib Raa , Ibrahim Ismail , Abd Razak Fairul Sharin , Mohd Sani Noor Faezah , Lam Trans Dai 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) is a complex material that is often discarded due to its three-dimensional structure. Recycling of rubber is difficult due to its complex structure, and only 1.7 million tonnes of waste, such as tyres and gloves, are considered recyclable. This study aims to develop self-healing rubber, which allows a product to recover without affecting structural reliability. Commercial NR was ionically crosslinked with zinc thiolate, forming an ionic crosslink network between rubber chains and zinc thiolate ions. The ionic crosslinks allow the rearrangement of rubber molecular chains under external heat, providing self-healing capabilities. The highest ionic crosslink density was found in NR with 35 phr zinc thiolate. The self-healing NR can recover 90 % of its initial properties at room temperature for 10 min and can be reprocessed and recycled three times without compromising its properties. It also shows excellent weldability, making it a promising material for repairing existing rubber products in heavy engineering applications.
Unraveling mitochondrial dysfunction: comprehensive perspectives on its impact on neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Mohamed Yusoff Abdul Aziz , Mohd Khair Siti Zulaikha Nashwa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a significant challenge to modern medicine, with their complex etiology and progressive nature posing hurdles to effective treatment strategies. Among the various contributing factors, mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a pivotal player in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of how mitochondrial impairment contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, driven by bioenergetic defects, biogenesis impairment, alterations in mitochondrial dynamics (such as fusion or fission), disruptions in calcium buffering, lipid metabolism dysregulation and mitophagy dysfunction. It also covers current therapeutic interventions targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in these diseases.
Demand Jump and Preemption under Irreversible Investment
Authors: Fagart Thomas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article shows that the possibility of preemption depends on the form of demand evolution and of the cost function. It characterizes the Markov perfect and open-loop equilibria of a two period game of capacity accumulation. When there is no demand evolution, there is no possibility of preemption under linear prices of investment. Preemption only appears when the demand shock between both periods is large enough.
Entlastungsbetrag für Alleinerziehende: Verteilungswirkungen aktuell und bei Weiterentwicklung in einen Abzug von der Steuerschuld
Authors: Stöwhase Sven , Wilhelm Julia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The governing coalition would like to translate the existing income tax deduction for single parents into a tax relief. The aim is to treat all single parents more equally, regardless of the amount of their taxable income. We use detailed microdata from official tax returns to analyze the distributional effects of both, the present tax deduction and those of a revenue-neutral tax relief. Our analysis shows that the switch from deduction to relief will benefit single parents with low incomes. This comes at the expense of higher incomes. Overall, the number of reform winners outnumbers those of the reform losers.
Dialysis Leaching Test Method for Measuring Solute Diffusion in Bentonites
Authors: Sample-Lord Kristin M. , Tong Shan , Bohnhoff Gretchen L. , Adeleke Daniel D. , Rahman Sayed A. B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Bentonite-based materials are used extensively in engineered containment barriers to limit leakage and advective flux of contaminants into the surrounding environment because of the high osmotic swell, low hydraulic conductivity (k), and absorption properties of the bentonite. Diffusion becomes an important, if not dominant, contaminant transport mechanism relative to advection in barriers with k &lt; 10−9 m/s. However, measurement of bentonite diffusion coefficients often requires long test durations, limiting available data for modeling barrier performance. A new dialysis-leaching test (DLT) method was developed and refined for measuring diffusion properties of clayey materials. The method is relatively simple (e.g., can be performed independently by an undergraduate student), time efficient (&lt;5-day duration), and may be applied for a range of clays/clay mixtures and temperatures. In addition to describing the DLT methodology, example results are provided herein for apparent diffusion coefficients measured for a range of bentonite-based barrier materials using potassium chloride and calcium chloride solutions. Experimental results were found to be reproducible between two independent laboratories and are compared with data measured with existing diffusion test methods.
Treatment of subclinical hyperthyroidism in patients older than 50 years: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Goichot Bernard , Lefebvre François , Vinzio Stéphane , Cailleux Anne , Kuhn Jean-Marc , Schneegans Olivier , Catargi Bodgan , Gilly Olivier , Baltzinger Philippe , Meyer Nicolas , Caron Philippe , _ _ , _ _ , Catargi B , Schneegans O , Bourahla K , Ladsous M , Proust Lemoine E , Migaud MC , Archambeaud  , Orgiazzi  , Ducottet† XM , Martin C , Perrin A , Mestre B , Millot L , Raingeard I , Klein M , Rodier M , Jourdan N , Lennhardt L , Maréchaud R , Hadjadj S , Koussa H , Hecart AC , Schvartz C , Kuhn JM , Cailleux A , Goichot B , Luca F , Vinzio S , Baltzinger  , Caron P , Renoult-Pierre P , Lecomte P 
Published: August 2024

Objective
Subclinical hyperthyroidism (SCH) is common and associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) risk in the elderly. Current guidelines rely on a low level of evidence.

Methods
Randomized clinical trial including patients 50 years and older, with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) <0.4 mU/L and normal thyroid hormone concentrations. All patients showed autonomy on thyroid scan. They were randomized either to receive radioiodine (I-131) or to be monitored and treated only if they underwent AF or evolved toward overt hyperthyroidism. Primary outcome was the onset of new AF. Secondary outcomes were treatment-induced hypothyroidism rate and health-related quality of life.

Results
One hundred forty-four patients (mean age: 65.3 ± 8.9 years, 76% females) were randomized, 74 to surveillance and 70 to treatment. Four patients in the surveillance group and one in the treatment group developed AF (P = 0.238). However, the patient who developed AF in the treatment group maintained TSH <0.4 mU/L at AF onset. A post-hoc analysis was carried out and showed that when normalization of TSH was considered, the risk of AF was significantly reduced (P = 0.0003). In the surveillance group, several patients showed no classical characteristics associated with AF risk, including age >65 years or TSH < 0.1mU/L. Of 94 patients treated using radioiodine, 25% developed hypothyroidism during follow-up.

Conclusion
Due to recruitment difficulties, this study failed to demonstrate that SCH treatment can significantly reduce the incidence of AF in patients older than 50 years with thyroid autonomy even if all the patients who developed AF maintained TSH <0.4 mU/L. This result must be balanced with the increased risk of radioiodine-induced hypothyroidism.
Comparison of en-bloc resection of the bladder wall and tumor with standard transurethral bladder resection in treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Kotov S. V. , Guspanov R. I. , Pulbere S. A. , Khachatryan A. L. , Sargsian Sh. M. , Kraev Yu. P. , Samoylov D. A. 
Published: August 2024

Background. Bladder cancer currently poses a major challenge to urologic oncologists worldwide due to its high recurrence rates. Although the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer does not carry the same risks as the treatment of muscle invasive forms, frequent recurrences and subsequent tumor progression can lead to patients undergoing disabling organ-removing operations with great risk to life and health. Therefore, improvement of treatment methods for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer may make the quality of life of patients with these diseases better.Aim. To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of en-bloc transurethral resection of bladder tumor (eTURBT) compared with conventional TURBT (cTURBT) in the treatment of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Materials and methods. The retrospective study included 197 patients with newly diagnosed primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer who underwent eTURBT (n = 34) or cTURBT (n = 163) at the University Urology Clinic between 2011 and 2021. The groups did not have statistically significant differences in gender, age, and tumor characteristics. Median follow-up was 28.25 months.Results. Both groups had comparable perioperative indicators, but the quality of the material obtained after eTURBT was better than after cTURBT. Patients with adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy in the early postoperative period had better oncological results compared with patients without it (35.71 % recurrences and/or progression versus 49.12 %) (p <0.05). Additionally, in the eTURBT group the number of recurrences was significantly lower: 14.71 % versus 40.49 % (p <0.05).Conclusion. In the absence of contraindications for eTURBT, this method of surgical treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy in the early postoperative period seems more promising with better oncological indicators.
Clinical and economic impact of modern pharmaceuticals on reducing mortality from hormone-sensitive prostate cancer with high-volume disease
Authors: Avxentyev N. A. , Nyushko K. M. , Makarova Yu. V. 
Published: August 2024

Background. One of the modern standards of treatment for patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) is second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors enzalutamide and apalutamide used in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), as well as darolutamide used in combination with docetaxel and ADT.Aim. To evaluate clinical and economic effects of using novel pharmaceuticals for treating patients with mHSPC and high-volume disease on reducing prostate cancer mortality in Russia.Materials and methods. A mathematical model based on overall survival and progression-free survival data from clinical trials and network meta-analysis has been developed. The model describes duration of therapy and treatment outcomes in a 3-year period for combinations darolutamide + docetaxel + ADT, enzalutamide + ADT, apalutamide + ADT, docetaxel + ADT and ADT monotherapy in current practice. Four additional scenarios were considered: Darolutamide, Enzalutamide, and Apalutamide, in which all patients were treated with corresponding pharmaceutical, as well as the Rational scenario, in which the frequency of prescriptions for each considered option was determined by expert consensus. The model was used to estimate the number of lives saved and healthcare system costs when transitioning from the current practice to different scenarios of the proposed practice over a 3-year horizon considering the number of adult patients with mHSPC and high-volume disease who may start the considered therapy annually in Russia.Results. Every year in Russia, up to 9,092 patients with mHSPC and high-volume disease can initiate therapy with the considered options. Compared to the current practice, in the Darolutamide scenario within 3-year horizon it is possible to reduce mortality from prostate cancer by 2,159 cases (22–39 % reduction in mortality from malignant tumors necessary to achieve the “Health Development” state program goal); in the Enzalutamide scenario by 787 cases (9–14 % reduction); in the Apalutamide scenario by 382 cases (5–7 % reduction); and in the Rational scenario by 1,115 cases (11–20 % reduction). The cost of saving one life in the Darolutamide scenario amounts to 17.8 million rubles, in the Enzalutamide scenario to 61.2 million rubles, in the Apalutamide scenario to 65.5 million rubles, in the Rational scenario to 18.6 million rubles.Conclusion. The use of second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors in patients with mHSPC and high-volume disease has a significant and quantifiable impact on reducing cancer-related mortality in Russia. Darolutamide is the most cost-effective option among all the considered ones.
Evaluation of ovulation by urinary LH surge kits versus transvaginal sonography
Authors: Verma Aruna , Gupta Abhilasha , Chauhan Vibha 
Published: August 2024

The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of urinary LH surge kits and transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) to detect ovulation in induced cycles and to compare the ovulation rates by both methods. Prospective observational cohort study on 144 women with anovulatory infertility aged 18-35 years, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were given letrozole for ovulation induction. All were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 women were asked to check ovulation by urinary LH surge kits and group 2 women were called for follicle monitoring by TVS. Letrozole has no negative effect on the endometrium; the induced cycle has a larger diameter of follicle (median: 22 mm). In the induced cycle ovulation occurs later compared to normal cycle (D-16) and half of the women had a BMI more than the recommended WHO criteria (average was 25.28 kg/m2). Number of letrozole cycles (p=0.2642), dose requirement (p=0.0812) and pregnancy rates (10.26% versus 18.19%) were comparable in both groups. TVS is objective, accurate, and thus a standard modality for ovulation detection. LH surge kit is subjective, having more chances of error but can be used as a good alternative in certain settings like women from the remote area, and women having fear of invasive modality.
Neonatal outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) mothers: A cross-sectional study comparing medical nutritional therapy, metformin, and insulin treatments at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Radhakrishnan Akshaya , Surya B. N , Ethirajan Shanthi 
Published: August 2024

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) poses a rising global health challenge, affecting 10-14.3% of pregnant women. This study aimed to investigate and compare neonatal outcomes among mothers with GDM treated with Medical Nutritional Therapy (MNT), metformin, and insulin at a tertiary care center. Understanding the impact of these treatments on neonatal outcomes is crucial for optimal care.Conducted at a tertiary care center in Chennai, India, this cross-sectional study included 160 GDM mothers identified through medical records from December 2021 to December 2023. Inclusion criteria covered women aged 18 and above, experiencing singleton pregnancies, diagnosed with GDM, and maintaining regular follow-up. Data analysis included birth weight, Apgar scores, neonatal hypoglycemia, and preterm birth rates. Multinomial logistic regression determined adjusted odds ratios.The study analyzed the distribution of perinatal factors among 160 neonates, revealing that 41.3% were delivered vaginally, while 58.8% were through cesarean section. The majority were preterm, with 118 being appropriate for gestational age.Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission was noted in 34.4% of cases, while 62.7% did not. Neonatal hypoglycemia was observed in 36.3% of cases, and seizures were present in 19.4%. Apgar scores were low in 23.8% of cases.A multinomial logistic analysis found that the Metformin, Insulin, and Metformin + Insulin groups had significantly higher odds of having a Cesarean section compared to the diet-only group. However, the Metformin group had lower odds of preterm birth, NICU admission, neonatal hypoglycemia, seizures, and AGA. The Metformin group had higher odds of LGA and Apgar score &#60;7 at both the 1st and 5th minutes. No significant differences were found in the odds of preterm birth, NICU admission, or seizures between the diet-only and Metformin groups.This pioneering South Indian study of 160 neonates born to GDM mothers compared different treatment options. Metformin, alone or with insulin, showed comparable neonatal outcomes to insulin. Caution in GDM deliveries is recommended for optimal well-being. The study emphasizes the need for further research considering maternal outcomes as potential confounders to comprehensively understand GDM treatments and neonatal outcomes.
Correlation of adiponectin and leptin with BMI, blood pressure in patients with preeclampsia
Authors: Harika Vemugadda , Thilak Swathi , Narayanaswamy Radhakrishnan 
Published: August 2024

The purpose of our research was to find out how serum levels of leptin and adiponectin are connected with preeclampsia and whether they may be used as biomarkers for the illness. Thirty (30) normal-pregnant patients and sixty (60) preeclamptic patients were included. Additionally, we included thirty (30) age- and BMI-matched healthy controls. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the amounts of leptin and adiponectin in the serum were measured. When compared to healthy controls and normal pregnant women, patients with mild and severe preeclampsia had significantly higher blood pressure, body mass index, serum adiponectin, and leptin levels. According to the individual's correlation analysis, blood pressure and body mass index were positively and statically linked with serum levels of adiponectin and leptin. The study's conclusions suggest that the markedly elevated serum levels of leptin and adiponectin could serve as an indicator of preeclampsia.