bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking, Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and Risk for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Hoffmeister Michael , Jansen Lina , Stock Christian , Chang-Claude Jenny , Brenner Hermann 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackground: Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy can decrease colorectal cancer risk strongly through detection and removal of adenomas. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether utilization of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy modifies the effect of lifetime smoking exposure on colorectal cancer risk in a population-based case–control study.Methods: In this study from Southern Germany including 2,916 patients with colorectal cancer and 3,044 controls, information about lifetime smoking and other risk factors was obtained from standardized interviews. Self-reported endoscopies were validated by medical records. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate associations of smoking with colorectal cancer risk after stratification by utilization of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy in the preceding 10 years.Results: Median age of patients and controls was 69 and 70 years, respectively. Former regular smoking was associated with increased colorectal cancer risk in the group with no previous endoscopy [adjusted OR, 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.28–1.75], whereas no association was found in the group with preceding endoscopy (OR, 1.05; CI, 0.83–1.33; P for interaction &lt;0.01). Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy did not modify the association of smoking and colorectal cancer risk among current smokers and among the more recent quitters.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the increased risk of colorectal cancer among former regular smokers is essentially overcome by detection and removal of adenomas at lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. However, risk of colorectal cancer was increased if smoking was continued into higher adult age.Impact: The strong protective effect of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy may be compromised by continued smoking. Smoking cessation may increase the efficacy of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(3); 525–33. ©2014 AACR.
Kcne2
Deletion Creates a Multisystem Syndrome Predisposing to Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Hu Zhaoyang , Kant Ritu , Anand Marie , King Elizabeth C. , Krogh-Madsen Trine , Christini David J. , Abbott Geoffrey W. 
Published: January 2014

Background—

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the leading global cause of mortality, exhibiting increased incidence in patients with diabetes mellitus. Ion channel gene perturbations provide a well-established ventricular arrhythmogenic substrate for SCD. However, most arrhythmia-susceptibility genes, including the KCNE2 K
+
channel β subunit, are expressed in multiple tissues, suggesting potential multiplex SCD substrates.

Methods and Results—

Using whole-transcript transcriptomics, we uncovered cardiac angiotensinogen upregulation and remodeling of cardiac angiotensinogen interaction networks in P21
Kcne2
–/–
mouse pups and adrenal remodeling consistent with metabolic syndrome in adult
Kcne2
–/–
mice. This led to the discovery that
Kcne2
disruption causes multiple acknowledged SCD substrates of extracardiac origin: diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hyperkalemia, anemia, and elevated angiotensin II.
Kcne2
deletion was also a prerequisite for aging-dependent QT prolongation, ventricular fibrillation and SCD immediately after transient ischemia, and fasting-dependent hypoglycemia, myocardial ischemia, and AV block.

Conclusions—
Disruption of a single, widely expressed arrhythmia-susceptibility gene can generate a multisystem syndrome comprising manifold electric and systemic substrates and triggers of SCD. This paradigm is expected to apply to other arrhythmia-susceptibility genes, the majority of which encode ubiquitously expressed ion channel subunits or regulatory proteins.
Dantrolene Improves Survival After Ventricular Fibrillation by Mitigating Impaired Calcium Handling in Animal Models
Authors: Zamiri Nima , Massé Stéphane , Ramadeen Andrew , Kusha Marjan , Hu Xudong , Azam Mohammed Ali , Liu Jie , Lai Patrick F. H. , Vigmond Edward J. , Boyle Patrick M. , Behradfar Elham , Al-Hesayen Abdul , Waxman Menashe B. , Backx Peter , Dorian Paul , Nanthakumar Kumaraswamy 
Published: January 2014

Background—
Resistant ventricular fibrillation, refibrillation. and diminished myocardial contractility are important factors leading to poor survival after cardiac arrest. We hypothesized that dantrolene improves survival after ventricular fibrillation (VF) by rectifying the calcium dysregulation caused by VF.

Methods and Results—

VF was induced in 26 Yorkshire pigs for 4 minutes. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was then commenced for 3 minutes, and dantrolene or isotonic saline was infused at the onset of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Animals were defibrillated and observed for 30 minutes. To study the effect of VF on calcium handling and its modulation by dantrolene, hearts from 14 New Zealand rabbits were Langendorff-perfused. The inducibility of VF after dantrolene administration was documented. Optical mapping was performed to evaluate diastolic spontaneous calcium elevations as a measure of cytosolic calcium leak. The sustained return of spontaneous circulation (systolic blood pressure ≥60 mm Hg) was achieved in 85% of the dantrolene group in comparison with 39% of controls (
P
=0.02). return of spontaneous circulation was achieved earlier in dantrolene-treated pigs after successful defibrillation (21±6 s versus 181±57 s in controls,
P
=0.005). The median number of refibrillation episodes was lower in the dantrolene group (0 versus 1,
P
=0.04). In isolated rabbit hearts, the successful induction of VF was achieved in 83% of attempts in controls versus 41% in dantrolene-treated hearts (
P
=0.007). VF caused diastolic calcium leaks in the form of spontaneous calcium elevations. Administration of 20 μmol/L dantrolene significantly decreased spontaneous calcium elevation amplitude versus controls. (0.024±0.013 versus 0.12±0.02 arbitrary unit [200-ms cycle length],
P
=0.001).

Conclusions—
Dantrolene infusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation facilitates successful defibrillation, improves hemodynamics postdefibrillation, decreases refibrillation, and thus improves survival after cardiac arrest. The effects are mediated through normalizing VF-induced dysfunctional calcium cycling.
PFC Neurons Reflect Categorical Decisions about Ambiguous Stimuli
Authors: Roy Jefferson E. , Buschman Timothy J. , Miller Earl K. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
We examined whether PFC neuron activity reflects categorical decisions in monkeys categorizing ambiguous stimuli. A morphing system was used to systematically vary stimulus shape and precisely define category boundaries. Ambiguous stimuli were centered on a category boundary, that is, they were a mix of 50% of two prototypes and therefore had no category information, so monkeys guessed at their category membership. We found that the monkeys' trial-by-trial decision about the category membership of an ambiguous image was reflected in PFC activity. Activity to the same ambiguous image differed significantly, depending on which category the monkey had assigned it to. This effect only occurred when that scheme was behaviorally relevant. These indicate that PFC activity reflects categorical decisions.
‘Conquering the souls’: nationalism and Greek guerrilla warfare in Ottoman Macedonia, 1904-1908
Authors: Livanios Dimitris 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article aims to analyse the Greek struggle against Bulgarian bands and ‘Bulgarian’ villages in Ottoman Macedonia between 1904 and 1908. Greek views on the necessity of violence, the logic of terror, and guerrilla tactics are examined and set against their particular context. It is argued that the form, purpose and intensity of violence were shaped not only by Greek intentions and peasant reactions, but mainly by the prevalence in Macedonia of pre-national religious identities, which obstructed the transformation of peasants into Greeks and allowed violence to function as the ultimate arbitrator of ‘national’ affiliations.
Durban Public Library and Reading Rooms, 1900
Authors: Armstrong Gordon B. 
Published: January 2014

The paper examines Durban Public Library and Reading Rooms in 1900, studying the relationship between the library and the local council, the institutional culture of the library, and the relationship the institution had with library members and users. It is impossible to take a snap shot of history with any degree of accuracy. The author examined the library from 1898 to 1902 to provide a holistic picture of the library in 1900, using minute books and also secondary sources for background information. Findings indicate the library had a complex and frustrating relationship with the council, with the latter not fully appreciating the value of the library to society. The library had two major contentious issues with the council where the library had good reason to feel aggrieved: lack of space in the current library and the proposed new library building and funding. Due to the culture of the librarian and library committee, the library had a condescending and patronising relationship with its members and users. Paradoxically the library, playing its small part in the (Anglo-Boer) war effort, benefited by pressurizing the council to provide better library facilities and received an increase in subscriptions from the new members. I would like to thank Ruby Pretorius who so diligently transcribed five years of the manuscript minutes of Durban Public Library and Reading Rooms and without whose help this paper could not have been written. This paper would have been difficult to write without availing oneself of library facilities in Durban. To this end I would like to thank Mr jayaram, Director of Durban Metro Library and his staff, for all the time and help I received whilst I was completing my research.
Only one of the two type VI secretion systems encoded in the Salmonella enterica serotype Dublin genome is involved in colonization of the avian and murine hosts
Authors: Pezoa David , Blondel Carlos J , Silva Cecilia A , Yang Hee-Jeong , Andrews-Polymenis Helene , Santiviago Carlos A , Contreras Inés 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a virulence factor for many Gram-negative bacteria. Salmonella genus harbors five phylogenetically distinct T6SS loci encoded in Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands (SPIs) SPI-6, SPI-19, SPI-20, SPI-21 and SPI-22, which are differentially distributed among serotypes. The T6SSs encoded in SPI-6 and SPI-19 contribute to pathogenesis of serotypes Typhimurium and Gallinarum in mice and chickens, respectively. Salmonella Dublin is a pathogen restricted to cattle where it causes a systemic disease. Also, it can colonize other hosts such as chickens and mice, which can act as reservoirs of this serotype. Salmonella Dublin harbors the genes for both T6SSSPI-6 and T6SSSPI-19. This study has determined the contribution of T6SSSPI-6 and T6SSSPI-19 to host-colonization by Salmonella Dublin using avian and murine models of infection. Competitive index experiments showed that, a mutant strain lacking both T6SSs (∆T6SSSPI-6/∆T6SSSPI-19) presents a strong colonization defect in cecum of chickens, similar to the defect observed for the ∆T6SSSPI-6 mutant, suggesting that this serotype requires a functional T6SSSPI-6 for efficient colonization of the avian gastrointestinal tract. Colonization of mice was also defective, although to a lesser extent than in chickens. In contrast, the T6SSSPI-19 was not necessary for colonization of either chickens or mice. Transfer of T6SSSPI-6, but not T6SSSPI-19, restored the ability of the double mutant to colonize both animal hosts. Our data indicate that Salmonella Dublin requires only the T6SSSPI-6 for efficient colonization of mice and chickens, and that the T6SSSPI-6 and T6SSSPI-19 are not functionally redundant.
Changes in the magnitude of social inequality in the uptake of cervical cancer screening in Taiwan, a country implementing a population-based organized screening program
Authors: Chiou Shu-Ti , Wu Chien-Yuan , Hurng Baai-Shyun , Lu Tsung-Hsueh 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Introduction
We sought to examine changes in the magnitude of social inequality in the uptake of cervical cancer screening between 2001 and 2009 in Taiwan.

Methods
We used data from the 2001 and 2009 Taiwan National Health Interview Surveys to calculate the absolute (slope of index of inequality, SII) and relative (relative index of inequality, RII) summary measures of social inequality in the uptake of Pap smear tests to indicate the magnitude of social inequality.

Results
The prevalence of having had a Pap smear during the previous 3 years increased in each age and socioeconomic group from 2001 to 2009. The SII and RII by urbanization and education level decreased significantly, while the SII and RII by income level increased significantly between the two study years. The largest increase in inequality of prevalence from 2001 to 2009 was between women living in suburban and rural areas with highest income level and women live in metropolitan areas with lowest income level.

Conclusions
The changes in magnitude of social inequality in the uptake of cervical cancer screening differed by indicators of socioeconomic position. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms that result in social inequality by different indicators of socioeconomic position.
Weak- and strong-convergence theorems of solutions to split feasibility problem for nonspreading type mapping in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Chang Shih-sen , Kim Jong Kyu , Cho Yeol Je , Sim Jae Yull 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to study the weak- and strong-convergence theorems of solutions to split a feasibility problem for a family of nonspreading-type mapping in Hilbert spaces. The main result presented in this paper improves and extends some recent results of Censor et al., Byrne, Yang, Moudafi, Xu, Censor and Segal, Masad and Reich, and others. As an application, we solve the hierarchical variational inequality problem by using the main theorem.

MSC:47J05, 47H09, 49J25.
On the Fučík spectrum of the scalar p-Laplacian with indefinite integrable weights
Authors: Chen Wei , Chu Jifeng , Yan Ping , Zhang Meirong 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we study the structure of the Fučík spectrum

Π
p

D
/
N

(
a
,
b
)

of Dirichlet and Neumann problems for the scalar p-Laplacian with indefinite weights

a
,
b
∈

L
1

[
0
,
1
]

. Besides the trivial horizontal lines and vertical lines, it will be shown that, confined to each quadrant of

R
2

,

Π
p

D
/
N

(
a
,
b
)

is made up of zero, an odd number of, or a double sequence of hyperbolic like curves. These hyperbolic like curves are continuous and strictly monotonic, and they have horizontal and vertical asymptotic lines. The number of the hyperbolic like curves is determined by the Dirichlet and Neumann half-eigenvalues of the p-Laplacian with weights a and b. The asymptotic lines will be estimated by using Sturm-Liouville eigenvalues of the p-Laplacian with a weight a or b.

MSC:34B09, 34B15, 34L05.
Intra-Erythrocyte Infusion of Dexamethasone Reduces Neurological Symptoms in Ataxia Teleangiectasia Patients: Results of a Phase 2 Trial
Authors: Chessa Luciana , Leuzzi Vincenzo , Plebani Alessandro , Soresina Annarosa , Micheli Roberto , D’Agnano Daniela , Venturi Tullia , Molinaro Anna , Fazzi Elisa , Marini Mirella , Ferremi Leali Pierino , Quinti Isabella , Cavaliere Filomena Monica , Girelli Gabriella , Pietrogrande Maria Cristina , Finocchi Andrea , Tabolli Stefano , Abeni Damiano , Magnani Mauro 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundAtaxia Teleangiectasia [AT] is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by early onset ataxia, oculocutaneous teleangiectasias, immunodeficiency, recurrent infections, radiosensitivity and proneness to cancer. No therapies are available for this devastating disease. Recent observational studies in few patients showed beneficial effects of short term treatment with betamethasone. To avoid the characteristic side effects of long-term administration of steroids we developed a method for encapsulation of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) into autologous erythrocytes (EryDex) allowing slow release of dexamethasone for up to one month after dosing. Aims of the study were: the assessment of the effect of EryDex in improving neurological symptoms and adaptive behaviour of AT patients; the safety and tolerability of the therapy.MethodsTwenty two patients (F:M = 1; mean age 11.2 ± 3.5) with a confirmed diagnosis of AT and a preserved or partially supported gait were enrolled for the study. The subjects underwent for six months a monthly infusion of EryDex. Ataxia was assessed by the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) and the adaptive behavior by Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS). Clinical evaluations were performed at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months.ResultsAn improvement in ICARS (reduction of the score) was detected in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population (n = 22; p = 0.02) as well as in patients completing the study (per protocol PP) (n = 18; p = 0.01), with a mean reduction of 4 points (ITT) or 5.2 points (PP). When compared to baseline, a significant improvement were also found in VABS (increase of the score) (p < 0.0001, ITT, RMANOVA), with statistically significant increases at 3 and 6 months (p < 0.0001). A large inter-patient variability in the incorporation of DSP into erythrocytes was observed, with an evident positive effect of higher infusion dose on ICARS score decline. Moreover a more marked improvement was found in less neurologically impaired patients. Finally, a 19 month-extension study involving a subgroup of patients suggested that Erydex treatment can possibly delay the natural progression of the disease.EryDex was well tolerated; the most frequent side effects were common AT pathologies.ConclusionsEryDex treatment led to a significant improvement in neurological symptoms, without association with the typical steroid side effects.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trial2010-022315-19SpA
RNase-mediated protein footprint sequencing reveals protein-binding sites throughout the human transcriptome
Authors: Silverman Ian M , Li Fan , Alexander Anissa , Goff Loyal , Trapnell Cole , Rinn John L , Gregory Brian D 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAlthough numerous approaches have been developed to map RNA-binding sites of individual RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), few methods exist that allow assessment of global RBP–RNA interactions. Here, we describe PIP-seq, a universal, high-throughput, ribonuclease-mediated protein footprint sequencing approach that reveals RNA-protein interaction sites throughout a transcriptome of interest. We apply PIP-seq to the HeLa transcriptome and compare binding sites found using different cross-linkers and ribonucleases. From this analysis, we identify numerous putative RBP-binding motifs, reveal novel insights into co-binding by RBPs, and uncover a significant enrichment for disease-associated polymorphisms within RBP interaction sites.
SEM-EDX and Equilibrium Study of Modified Bentonite in Silicate Adsorption
Authors: Lin Tao , Li Xue , Xu Yongjian , Yin Xuefeng , Zhang Dingjun , Zhu Zhenfeng 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The adsorption of silicate on aluminum-salt-modified bentonite is described on the basis of SEM-EDX and equilibrium data. The SEM-EDX study showed that silicate was clearly absorbed by the modified bentonite; the EDX data could present the adsorption rate. It results from the adsorption kinetics, according to which the adsorption reaction is second order with respect to silicate concentration, with the second-order rate constant k = 0.005600 mg g−1 min−1. Finally, the maximum adsorption capacity of the modified bentonite is 454.545 mg g−1 in green liquor. It is an efficient and potential adsorbent for silicate adsorption, which can solve the energy-consumption problems of the equipment and recovery of green liquor.
pH Effect on Properties of Surfactant-free Oil-in-water Emulsion Prepared with Oleic Acid
Authors: Akizuki Yuta , Yoshida Mikio , Ishida Naoyuki , Oshiki Toshiyuki , Oshitani Jun 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Size distribution, ζ potential, and yield of surfactant-free oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion prepared with oleic acid were measured at various pHs after seven days from the emulsification. We found that the size distribution is almost the same regardless of pH from 9 to 3. The magnitude of ζ potential and yield remains constant at pH from 9 to 6, and decreases at pH from 6 to 3. There is a correlation between the ζ potential and the yield, but no correlation between the ζ potential and the size, suggesting that the ζ potential relates to stability of oleic acid droplets in water rather than their size.
Al-Menbar Group and the Iraqi communist movement
Authors: Ismael Tareq Y. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This article, drawing on party literature and author interviews, surveys the intellectual trajectory and ideological critique of the Al-Menbar, which started as a dissatisfied group within the Iraqi Communist Party (ICP) during the 1980s and subsequently emerged as a break-away faction. The Al-Menbar critique of the ICP, which it viewed as intellectually and operationally stagnant, covered the central issues of Iraqi politics, including: a discussion of the collapse of the progressive ‘National Front’ in 1979 and the consequential repression of the ICP by the Ba’th; the accelerating Iran–Iraq war; the nature of the ‘Kurdish question’ within Iraqi communist politics; and the role of the Iraqi revolutionary movement within the context of Arab politics. Finally, this article assesses the legacy of the short lifespan of Al-Menbar within the Iraqi revolutionary movement in particular, and Iraqi politics generally.
Synthesis and properties of multifunctional hindered amine light stabilizers
Authors: Gou Xiaofeng , Liu Dong , Hua Chengwen , Zhao Junlong , Zhang Wen 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A series of multifunctional hindered amine light stabilizers (HALSs) for monomers were designed and synthesized from cyanuric chloride, allylamine, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-ol or 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine-4-ol, and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3-benzotriazole derivatives through nucleophilic substitution. The new stabilizers were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, ESI-HRMS and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds 5a–f were evaluated for their antioxidant and anti-aging properties. The results indicate that the new HALSs can considerably improve polymer photostability.
Die Schöpfung als Handlung in Schellings »Philosophie der Offenbarung«
Authors: Gerlach Stefan 
Published: January 2014

Zusammenfassung
In Schellings Philosophie der Offenbarung wird die Schöpfung als Handlung Gottes konzipiert, vergleichbar mit menschlichen Handlungen. Allerdings ist es eine Handlung in einer einzigartigen Situation: Der Schöpfungsakt selbst vollzieht sich von einem Standpunkt außerhalb der physikalischen Welt, ja außerhalb der sukzessiven Zeit. Und sie ist eine Handlung unter Minimalbedingungen: es bedarf für sie lediglich eines absoluten, zukunftsgerichteten Geistes. Daher lässt eine Analyse von Schellings Schöpfungskonzept die Grundstrukturen von Handlungen sichtbar werden. Das Ergebnis einer solchen Untersuchung ist, dass Handlungen basale teleologische Strukturen besitzen. Im Gegensatz zu einer Hauptrichtung der gegenwärtigen Handlungstheorie lässt sich mit Schelling zeigen, dass Handlungen (göttliche wie menschliche) undenkbar sind ohne Begriffe des Zukünftigen und der Zielgerichtetheit - dass der Aspekt der Zukunft und der Zielgerichtetheit in Handlungen zusammenkommen und wie dies geschieht.