bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydroxychloroquine in children with interstitial (diffuse parenchymal) lung diseases
Authors: Braun Sarah , Ferner Marion , Kronfeld Kai , Griese Matthias 
Published: December 2014

SummaryHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is one of the drugs frequently used for the treatment of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in children (chILD). This use is off‐label and studies to analyze the effect and safety of HCQ in chILD are lacking. Therefore, a literature research on the usage of chloroquine (CQ) and HCQ in these conditions was done.Eighty‐five case reports and small series in the period from 1984 to 2013 were identified in which children with different diagnoses of ILD were treated with CQ or HCQ, sometimes in combination with other medication including steroids. A favorable response to HCQ or CQ was reported in 35 cases, whereas in the other cases the effect was negative or not clear. The dose of HCQ used was between 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight/day (bw/d). No pharmacokinetic studies have been done.The side effect profile in children seemed to be similar to that in adults. Most often gastrointestinal symptoms were reported. Three patients were found developing retinal changes during the treatment with CQ, whereas in none of the patients treated with HCQ retinal changes were reported.Based on retrospective case reports and small series likely to be reported with bias, the use of HCQ in chILD might be classified as safe. As no prospective data on efficacy and safety of HCQ in chILD are available, systematic collection is necessary. This may be achieved by web‐based registers like the European Management Platform for Childhood Interstitial Lung Diseases. Prospective and controlled investigations of HCQ in patients with chILD are mandatory. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:410–419. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prediction of clinical pharmacokinetics of AMG 181, a human anti‐α4β7 monoclonal antibody for treating inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Li Hong , Köck Kathleen , Wisler John A. , Rees William A. , Prince Peter J. , Reynhardt Kai O. , Hsu Hailing , Yu Zhigang , Borie Dominic C. , Salinger David H. , Pan Wei‐Jian 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to predict a safe starting dose of AMG 181, a human anti‐α4β7 antibody for treating inflammatory bowel diseases, based on cynomolgus monkey pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data. A two‐compartment model with parallel linear and target‐mediated drug disposition for AMG 181 PK in cynomolgus monkey was developed. The estimated parameters were allometrically scaled to predict human PK. An Emax PD model was used to relate AMG 181 concentration and free α4β7 receptor data in cynomolgus monkey. AMG 181 clinical doses were selected based on observed exposures at the no adverse effect level of 80 mg·kg−1 in monkeys, the predicted human exposures, and AMG 181 concentration expected to produce greater than 50% α4β7 receptor occupancy in humans. The predicted human AMG 181 clearance and central volume of distribution were 144 mL·day−1 and 2900 mL, respectively. The estimated EC50 for free α4β7 receptor was 14 ng·mL−1. At the 0.7 mg starting dose in humans, the predicted exposure margins were greater than 490,000 and AMG 181 concentrations were predicted to only briefly cover the free α4β7 receptor EC10. Predictions for both Cmax and AUC matched with those observed in the first‐in‐human study within the 7 mg subcutaneous to 420 mg intravenous dose range. The developed model aided in selection of a safe starting dose and a pharmacological relevant dose escalation strategy for testing of AMG 181 in humans. The clinically observed human AMG 181 PK data validated the modeling approach based on cynomolgus monkey data alone.
Low defect large area semi‐polar (112) GaN grown on patterned (113) silicon
Authors: Pristovsek Markus , Han Yisong , Zhu Tongtong , Frentrup Martin , Kappers Menno J. , Humphreys Colin J. , Kozlowski Grzegorz , Maaskant Pleun , Corbett Brian 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe report on the growth of semi‐polar GaN (112) templates on patterned Si (113) substrates. Trenches were etched in Si (113) using KOH to expose Si {111} sidewalls. Subsequently an AlN layer to prevent meltback etching, an AlGaN layer for stress management, and finally two GaN layers were deposited. Total thicknesses up to 5 m were realised without cracks in the layer. Transmission electron microscopy showed that most dislocations propagate along [0001] direction and hence can be covered by overgrowth from the next trench. The defect densities were below and stacking fault densities less than 100 cm . These numbers are similar to reports on patterned r‐plane sapphire. Typical X‐ray full width at half maximum (FHWM) were 500” for the asymmetric (00.6) and 450” for the (11.2) reflection. These FHWMs were 50 % broader than reported for patterned r‐plane sapphire which is attributed to different defect structures and total thicknesses. The surface roughness shows strong variation on templates. For the final surface roughness the roughness of the sidewalls of the GaN ridges at the time of coalescence are critical.
Contribution of iron silicide nanoparticles to the magnetic behavior of annealed Fe‐implanted 6H‐SiC
Authors: Diallo M. L. , Fnidiki A. , Viret M. , Drouet M. , Eyidi D. , Declémy A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe Fe‐implanted SiC is an interesting system in the DMS field although ion implantation induces strong microstructural defects needing post‐implantation treatments for recovery. These post‐implantation treatments often induce the formation of parasitic magnetic secondary phases. In this work, using XRD, SEM, TEM, CEMS and SQUID it is shown that post‐annealing of Fe‐implanted 6H‐SiC at 380°C with a few 1016Fe+ ions/cm2 at 900°C/60min, 1000°C/85min and 1300°C/4min enhanced the ferromagnetic ordering which can be partially explained by the formation of iron rich superparamagnetic nanoparticles. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interproximal enamel reduction: An in vivo study
Authors: Paganelli Corrado , Zanarini Matteo , Pazzi Elisabetta , Marchionni Silvia , Visconti Luca , Alessandri Bonetti Giulio 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe study aimed to investigate the morphology and composition of the interproximal reduced enamel after exposition to saliva and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate with sodium fluoride (CPP‐ACPF). Fourteen patients undergoing an orthodontic treatment with 4 premolars extractions participated to the study. Interproximal enamel reduction (IER) was performed on mesial surfaces of 3 extractive premolars for each patient while 1 served as untreated control. Premolars were assigned to 4 groups: No‐S group, sound enamel as control; S‐Ex group, stripped and immediately extracted enamel; S‐Sal group, stripped and exposed to saliva enamel; S‐CPP group, stripped enamel treated with CPP‐ACPF. Teeth were extracted at different times, depending on the group they were assigned to and sliced into mesial and distal halves. Mesial surfaces were subjected to environmental scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (ESEM/EDX) and to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. ESEM/EDX investigations showed no statistically significant differences in the content of calcium and phosphate between the 4 groups. SEM observations showed no difference in the morphological appearance of stripped enamel after 30 days of exposure to saliva and CPP‐ACPF. Saliva and CPP‐ACPF effects on stripped enamel in vivo showed no difference after 30 days. SCANNING 37:73–81, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A semantic engine for porting applications to the cloud and among clouds
Authors: Cretella Giuseppina , Di Martino Beniamino 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIn this paper, we present an engine based on semantic technologies aimed at supporting cloud applications developers, in the tasks of discovering functionalities, APIs, and resources needed for the application development through semantic based agnostic (vendor independent) representations of such application components, and representation of generic programming concepts and patterns, including application domain related ones. It handles, maintains, and exposes to the user in a graphical way the semantic descriptions of application domain concepts, application‐related concepts, general design patterns and programming functionalities, specific API implementations and cloud resources, layering the knowledge base in four layers. The semantic engine is a component of the European project mOSAICs framework. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CXS chemical dry vacuum pump brings smart vacuum to the process industry
Authors: Collins Don , Nagel Manfred 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDry vacuum pumps are now well established around the world as an efficient, reliable option for demanding chemical processing industry applications. Chemical processors are placing new demands on the market, driving an emerging trend for vacuum to be seen as a utility; highly reliable, flexible, and available on demand in a ′plug and pump′ system that requires minimum set up and maintenance. CXS dry vacuum pump systems from Edwards have been in operation worldwide for several years now, and are providing ′utilitarian′ high performing, highly controllable vacuum equipment allowing processors to minimise running costs and reduce environmental performance.
Versatile genetic paintbrushes: Brainbow technologies
Authors: Richier Benjamin , Salecker Iris 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAdvances in labeling technologies are instrumental to study the developmental mechanisms that control organ formation and function at the cellular level. Until recently, genetic tools relied on the expression of single markers to visualize individual cells or lineages in developing and adult animals. Exploiting the expanding color palette of fluorescent proteins and the power of site‐specific recombinases in rearranging DNA fragments, the development of Brainbow strategies in mice made it possible to stochastically label many cells in different colors within the same sample. Over the past years, these pioneering approaches have been adapted for other experimental model organisms, including Drosophila melanogaster, zebrafish, and chicken. Balancing the distinct requirements of single cell and clonal analyses, adjustments were made that both enhance and expand the functionality of these tools. Multicolor cell labeling techniques have been successfully applied in studies analyzing the cellular components of neural circuits and other tissues, and the compositions and interactions of lineages. While being continuously refined, Brainbow technologies have thus found a firm place in the genetic toolboxes of developmental and neurobiologists. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:161–180. doi: 10.1002/wdev.166This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Generating Chimeras and Lineage Analysis
Post‐dispersal seed removal of Carduus nutans and C. acanthoides by insects and small mammals
Authors: Jongejans Eelke , Silverman Edward J. , Skarpaas Olav , Shea Katriona 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe journey of wind‐dispersed seeds does not necessarily end when they land. Secondary dispersal and/or predation can positively or negatively affect the spread of invasive plants. Here we studied post‐dispersal seed removal of nodding and plumeless thistle (Carduus nutans and C. acanthoides) in part of their invaded range in Pennsylvania, USA. The relative impact of small mammals and insects was determined using exclusion treatments in the field. In cages that allowed insect access, 88 % of the seeds were removed after 1 day, and 99.9 % were removed after the 6‐day trial. When insects were excluded, the removal rate was significantly lower (18 % after 1 day, 40 % after 6 days). The seed removal rates provide an upper limit to the seed predation rate, with the understanding that it is also possible for seed removal to be an important secondary dispersal mechanism. We discuss a combined empirical‐theoretical approach to evaluate the impact of these alternative seed fates on the spread and management of these thistles.
Interest deductibility restrictions and organizational form
Authors: Blaufus Kay , Kreinacke Marcos , Mantei Britta 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUsing a theoretical model for risky investment decisions, we study the effect of interest deductibility restrictions on the choice of organizational form. We analyze the two most widely used approaches: first, rules that limit the interest deductibility if the firm’s leverage exceeds a specific level, and second, rules that restrict the interest deduction if the interest expenses exceed a specific percentage of the firm’s earnings. Although these restrictions apply uniformly for partnerships and corporations in many countries, we find that they usually distort the choice of organizational form. We demonstrate that only leverage-based interest deductibility restrictions can in theory be modified to achieve organizational form neutrality. However, this requires a legal form dependent application or absence of dividend taxation and in any case a full loss offset which is in contrast to current law in many countries. If one considers corporate loss offset limitations, both types of interest deductibility restrictions always distort the choice of organizational form. Thus, the introduction of interest deductibility restrictions is actually in conflict with the legislators’ often declared aim to design tax systems that are neutral with respect to the choice of organizational form.
Participation in Ball Sports May Represent a Prehabilitation Strategy to Prevent Future Stress Fractures and Promote Bone Health in Young Athletes
Authors: Tenforde Adam Sebastian , Lynn Sainani Kristin , Carter Sayres Lauren , Milgrom Charles , Fredericson Michael 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSports participation has many benefits for the young athlete, including improved bone health. However, a subset of athletes may attain suboptimal bone health and be at increased risk for stress fractures. This risk is greater for female than for male athletes. In healthy children, high‐impact physical activity has been shown to improve bone health during growth and development. We offer our perspective on the importance of promoting high‐impact, multidirectional loading activities, including ball sports, as a method of enhancing bone quality and fracture prevention based on collective research. Ball sports have been associated with greater bone mineral density and enhanced bone geometric properties compared with participation in repetitive, low‐impact sports such as distance running or nonimpact sports such as swimming. Runners and infantry who participated in ball sports during childhood were at decreased risk of future stress fractures. Gender‐specific differences, including the coexistence of female athlete triad, may negate the benefits of previous ball sports on fracture prevention. Ball sports involve multidirectional loading with high ground reaction forces that may result in stiffer and more fracture‐resistant bones. Encouraging young athletes to participate in ball sports may optimize bone health in the setting of adequate nutrition and in female athletes, eumenorrhea. Future research to determine timing, frequency, and type of loading activity could result in a primary prevention program for stress fracture injuries and improved life‐long bone health.
A soil Chronosequence on Lake Mega-Frome Beach Ridges and its Implications for Late Quaternary Pedogenesis and Paleoenvironmental Conditions in the Drylands of Southern Australia
Authors: May Jan-Hendrik , Wells Stephen G. , Cohen Timothy J. , Marx Samuel K. , Nanson Gerald C. , Baker Sophie E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe terminal lake systems of central Australia are key sites for the reconstruction of late Quaternary paleoenvironments. Paleoshoreline deposits around these lakes reflect repeated lake filling episodes and such landforms have enabled the establishment of a luminescence-based chronology for filling events in previous studies. Here we present a detailed documentation of the morphology and chemistry of soils developed in four well-preserved beach ridges of late Pleistocene and mid-to-late Holocene age at Lake Callabonna to assess changes in dominant pedogenic processes. All soil profiles contain evidence for the incorporation of eolian-derived material, likely via the formation of desert pavements and vesicular horizons, and limited illuviation due to generally shallow wetting fronts. Even though soil properties in the four studied profiles also provide examples of parent material influence or site-specific processes related to the geomorphic setting, there is an overall trend of increasing enrichment of eolian-derived material since at least ~ 33 ka. Compared to the Holocene profiles, the derived average accumulation rates for the late Pleistocene profiles are significantly lower and may suggest that soils record important regional changes in paleoenvironments and dust dynamics related to shifts in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies.
A kinetic model of the Boltzmann equation for non-vibrating polyatomic gases
Authors: Wu Lei , White Craig , Scanlon Thomas J. , Reese Jason M. , Zhang Yonghao 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA kinetic model of the Boltzmann equation for non-vibrating polyatomic gases is proposed, based on the Rykov model for diatomic gases. We adopt two velocity distribution functions (VDFs) to describe the system state; inelastic collisions are the same as in the Rykov model, but elastic collisions are modelled by the Boltzmann collision operator (BCO) for monatomic gases, so that the overall kinetic model equation reduces to the Boltzmann equation for monatomic gases in the limit of no translational–rotational energy exchange. The free parameters in the model are determined by comparing the transport coefficients, obtained by a Chapman–Enskog expansion, to values from experiment and kinetic theory. The kinetic model equations are solved numerically using the fast spectral method for elastic collision operators and the discrete velocity method for inelastic ones. The numerical results for normal shock waves and planar Fourier/Couette flows are in good agreement with both conventional direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) results and experimental data. Poiseuille and thermal creep flows of polyatomic gases between two parallel plates are also investigated. Finally, we find that the spectra of both spontaneous and coherent Rayleigh–Brillouin scattering (RBS) compare well with DSMC results, and the computational speed of our model is approximately 300 times faster. Compared to the Rykov model, our model greatly improves prediction accuracy, and reveals the significant influence of molecular models. For coherent RBS, we find that the Rykov model could overpredict the bulk viscosity by a factor of two.
Polygenic risk, stressful life events and depressive symptoms in older adults: a polygenic score analysis
Authors: Musliner K. L. , Seifuddin F. , Judy J. A. , Pirooznia M. , Goes F. S. , Zandi P. P. 
Published: December 2014

Background.Previous studies suggest that the relationship between genetic risk and depression may be moderated by stressful life events (SLEs). The goal of this study was to assess whether SLEs moderate the association between polygenic risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) and depressive symptoms in older adults.Method.We used logistic and negative binomial regressions to assess the associations between polygenic risk, SLEs and depressive symptoms in a sample of 8761 participants from the Health and Retirement Study. Polygenic scores were derived from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium genome-wide association study of MDD. SLEs were operationalized as a dichotomous variable indicating whether participants had experienced at least one stressful event during the previous 2 years. Depressive symptoms were measured using an eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale subscale and operationalized as both a dichotomous and a count variable.Results.The odds of reporting four or more depressive symptoms were over twice as high among individuals who experienced at least one SLE (odds ratio 2.19, 95% confidence interval 1.86–2.58). Polygenic scores were significantly associated with depressive symptoms (β= 0.21,p⩽ 0.0001), although the variance explained was modest (pseudor2= 0.0095). None of the interaction terms for polygenic scores and SLEs was statistically significant.Conclusions.Polygenic risk and SLEs are robust, independent predictors of depressive symptoms in older adults. Consistent with an additive model, we found no evidence that SLEs moderated the association between common variant polygenic risk and depressive symptoms.
Evaluative claims within the problem of evil
Authors: BETENSON TOBY 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe problem of evil contains some evaluative claims. Recognizing the fundamental role of the evaluative claims within the problem of evil presents two significant problems for the argument from evil. First, in order for the argument from evil to be successful, the normative assumptions that underlie the evaluative claims within the problem of evil must be deployed consistently both within the problem and between those who are discussing the problem. This level of normative agreement is likely to be difficult to achieve. Second, the argument from evil moves from evaluative premises to a non-evaluative conclusion, and thus commits the same error that J. L. Mackie identifies the moral argument for the existence of God as committing: it gets the direction of supervenience between facts and values back-to-front. Mackie's criticisms of the moral argumentforthe existence of God ought to also apply to the moral argumentagainstthe existence of God. If my analysis is correct, and Mackie's point is valid, then the argument from evil will be left fatally undermined. The problem of evil cannot be used to argue for the conclusion that ‘God does not exist’.
The Demand-Side of Active Labour Market Policies: A Regional Study of Employer Engagement in the Work Programme
Authors: INGOLD JO , STUART MARK 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn 2011, the UK Coalition government introduced its flagship welfare-to-work programme, ‘The Work Programme’ (WP). Based on a ‘payment by results’ model, it aims to incentivise contracted providers to move participants into sustained employment. Employer involvement is central to the programme's success and this paper explores the ‘two faces’ of this neglected dimension of active labour market policy (ALMP) analysis: employer involvement with the programme and the engagement between providers and employers. This paper draws empirically from a regional survey of primarily private and third sector SMEs, and from interviews with providers and stakeholders about provider engagement with SMEs and large employers. Findings indicate that SMEs had recruited few staff through the WP and had little awareness of it, and that providers engaged in intense competition to access both SMEs and large employers. Employers are critical to the success of ALMPs, but an underpinning supply-side ideology and a regulatory context in which business interest associations are weak policy actors means that their involvement is based on implicit and flawed assumptions about employers’ interests and their propensity to engage.