bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel HCA Framework for Simulating the Cellular Mechanisms of Bone Remodeling
Authors: Penninger Charles L. , Patel Neal M. , Tovar Andrés 
Published: September 2013

Each year, bone metabolic diseases affect millions of people of all ages, genders, and races. Common diseases such as osteopenia and osteoporosis result from the disruption of the bone remodeling process and can place an individual at a serious fracture risk. Bone remodeling is the complex process by which old bone is replaced with new tissue. This process occurs continuously in the body and is carried out by bone cells that are regulated by numerous metabolic and mechanical factors. The remodeling process provides for various functions such as adaptation to mechanical loading, damage repair, and mineral homeostasis. An improved understanding of this process is necessary to identify patients at risk of bone disease and to assess appropriate treatment protocols.
High-fidelity computer models are needed to understand the complex interaction of all parameters involved in bone remodeling. The primary focus of this investigation is to present a new computational framework that utilizes mathematical rules to mechanistically model the cellular mechanisms involved in the bone remodeling process. The computational framework used in this research combines accepted biological principles, cellular-level rules in a cellular automaton framework, and finite-element analysis. This computational model is referred to as hybrid cellular automaton (HCA) model. The simulations obtained with the HCA model allow to predict time-dependent morphology variations at the tissue level as a result of biological changes at the cellular level.
Customer Productivity: A Measure for Product and Process Development With Customers
Authors: Fukuda Shuichi 
Published: September 2013

Although workforce productivity is widely used today, production is quickly moving toward product and process development with customers. Creative customers would like to get more and more involved in product development and furthermore, they would like to get satisfaction not only from the final product but from the processes as well. So we have to introduce a new measure for productivity, which focuses more on how much satisfaction a customer obtains from production. So the new definition of productivity in this sense will be:
Customer productivity = Amount of satisfaction / Customer’s psychological time and money (physical and virtual involvement in production)
This is different from the current customer satisfaction. Current one is focused on how much satisfaction a customer will have for a final product. This is a definition from the standpoint of the producer. The new definition is from the standpoint of the customer.
This paper points out that if we introduce Mahalanobis Taguchi System, such a measure can be established and we can introduce a new metric for measuring customer’s satisfaction for the new type of prosumer system or co-production.
An Early Modeling and Simulation Approach for Fast Evaluation of Early Design Concepts
Authors: Coatanéa Eric , Nonsiri Sarayut , Bakhouya Mohamed , Kiviluoma Panu , Calonius Olof 
Published: September 2013

Being able to quickly model and simulate very early design solutions in the design process is an important practical issue for engineering designers. Early design is characterized by the small amount of quantitative data available at the beginning of the development process. The task is becoming cumbersome for engineers when in addition they do not possess extensive knowledge of the domain of interest. In this context, traditional modeling and simulation methods are disqualified for supporting the early engineering design choices because they require too much details and precise quantitative information. The approach considered in this article to supply the deficiency of traditional modeling methods is combining three domains of physics and mathematics: qualitative physics, dimensional analysis and graph-based representation. The present article develops the general framework which is emerging from this combination. The authors develop the framework to the fast modeling and simulation of an air bearing. The structure of the article is the following, first the basis of the modeling and simulation method are briefly presented. In a second step the entire approach is developed on the case of an air bearing concept with the goal of making the presentation as pedagogical as possible. A causal ordering heuristic is used and combined with the topology of the concept to test. This is gradually leading to a causal graph which is transformed into a flow graph that can be simulated in system dynamics simulation tools. A new and easy approach to discover the laws governing the system dynamic model is also explained. Finally the model is simulated and analyzed.
As a result, the method presented in this article offers several advantages: 1- it can be supported by a dedicated computer aided approach, 2- it brings simulation capabilities at very early design stage level where it is seldom present.
Simulating Part and Assembly Variation for Injection Molded Parts
Authors: Lorin Samuel , Lindkvist Lars , Söderberg Rikard 
Published: September 2013

Final geometrical variation and deviation have often a negative effect on product functionality and aesthetics. In the automotive industry, design concepts are being evaluated and optimized to withstand variation in the early phase of product development. For this end, simulation tools are employed. Input to these simulations is requirements on parts and fixtures or measurements from previously manufactured parts. In the case of plastic components, parts are often manufactured in the injection molding process. Here, different materials and process settings can make it difficult to predict deviation and variation based on similar parts. In order to perform accurate assembly variation simulation, part variation simulation need, therefore, to be included.
In this work a methodology is presented to simulate part and assembly variation, due to process noise, for plastic components manufactured in the injection molding process. The methodology is based on designed computer experiment and utilizes the concept of geometrical covariance and principal component analysis to relate process noise to variation patterns using regression analysis. Part and assembly variation are simulated combined using the distribution of these variation patterns.
The model used for part variation simulation has been verified against commercial injection molding software showing good agreement. An industrial case from the automotive industry is used to elicit the proposed methodology.
A Study on Predictable Model of Waterproofing for Mobile Phone Using Finite Element Analysis Based on Evaluation of Seal Rubber
Authors: Jeon Hojin , Seo Hyongwon , Kim Myunghan , Kim Jungyoul 
Published: September 2013

Recently, product manufacturers of mobile phone have to meet to high demands that allow their products endure variable bad environments exposed throughout the customers’ use. Especially, mobile phones need to resist to high humidity and general waterproofing that is prevalent in everyday usage. However, most previous studies related to seal material or methods for sealing assembly have been focused on heavy industry or automotive industry. In this paper, the aim is to predict waterproof possibility of mobile phone by using finite element analysis in design step. The criteria of waterproof condition for mobile phones was based on IEC60529 IPX-7 level[1]. This paper studied behavior characteristics and properties of the specialized rubber material for sealing the mobile phone housing. Constitutive equation for specialized seal rubber material was applied to the 3rd order Ogden function. Then, the correlation with test and finite element model was studied. Using the correlated finite element model for specialized seal rubber, evaluated behavior characteristics for seal rubber 2D shape and studied waterproof possibility analysis 3D model of mobile phone.
The proposed suggestion is expected to predict waterproof possibility for mobile phone efficiently. Evaluation method of 2D finite element model will be useful for decision design specification of seal rubber shape at preceding design step. And evaluation method of 3D finite element model will predict waterproof possibility before tooling the mold and will save the costs at development step in industry.
Reduction of a Parametrically Excited Horizontal Oscillation in a High-Tc Superconducting Levitation System
Authors: Sakaguchi Ryunosuke , Sugiura Toshihiko 
Published: September 2013

This research proposes reduction in the amplitude of nonlinear oscillation in a high-Tc superconducting magnetic levitation system by using a vibration absorber. High-Tc superconducting levitation systems have very low damping and stable levitation without control. However in such low-damped systems, complicated phenomena of dynamics can be easily generated by nonlinearity of the magnetic force.
Our previous research showed that, when the frequency of vertical excitation is in the neighborhood of double the natural frequency in the horizontal direction, horizontal oscillation can occur parametrically through nonlinear coupling between vertical motion and horizontal motion.
This research discusses on effect of a vibration absorber on a parametrically excited horizontal oscillation of the levitated body. The numerical results showed reduction in the amplitude of the horizontal oscillation. This kind of vibration absorber can be useful for reducing the amplitude of the autoparametric resonance of a high-Tc superconducting levitation system.
eRobotics: The Symbiosis of Advanced Robotics and Virtual Reality Technologies
Authors: Rossmann Jürgen 
Published: September 2013

The research field of eRobotics is currently an active domain of interest for scientists working in the area of “eSystem engineering”. The objective is to effectively use electronic media — hence the “e” at the beginning of the term — to achieve the best possible advance in the development of their respective fields of use. Well known developments in this research area include eHealth and eMedicine, eLearning, eGovernment, eSecurity, eBusiness, eForensics and so on.
The aim of developments in eRobotics is to provide a comprehensive software environment to address robotics-related issues. Starting with user requirements analysis of system design, support for the development and selection of appropriate robot hardware, robot and mechanisms programming, system and process simulation, control design, and encompassing the validation of developed models and programs, eRobotics requires a continuous and systematic computer support. In this way, the ever increasing complexity of current computer-aided robotic solutions will be kept manageable, and know-how from completed work is electronically preserved and made available for further applications.
In the first place, this paper is intended to give an overview of the numerous applications of eRobotics that have already been realized und thus to promote the term eRobotics in the field of Virtual Reality and simulation.
Metamodel Based Design Automation: Applied on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Industrial Robots
Authors: Tarkian Mehdi , Vemula Bhanoday , Feng Xiaolong , Ölvander Johan 
Published: September 2013

Intricate and complex dependencies between multiple disciplines require iterative intensive optimization processes. To this end, multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) has been established as a convincing concurrent technique to manage inherited complexities.
This paper presents a high level CAD and CAE design automation methodology which enables fast, efficient concept generation for MDO. To increase the evaluation speed, global metamodels are introduced to replace computationally expensive CAD and CAE models. In addition, various techniques are applied to drastically decrease the number of samplings required to create the metamodels. In the final part of the paper, a multi-level optimization strategy is proposed to find the optimal concept.
As proof of concept, a real world design problem, from ABB industrial robotics, is presented.
Numerical Research on Efficiency Performance of the Propulsion System for an Innovative Airship
Authors: Ilieva Galina I. , Páscoa José C. , Dumas Antonio , Trancossi Michele 
Published: September 2013

The current work deals with the methodology and results for the numerical modeling, research and implementation of an unconventional propulsion system for an airship with an innovative shape. It is a part of a global study (European Project MAAT) that investigates the possibilities of using the cruiser/feeders concept for passengers and cargo transportation.
Based on an initial research for the airship shape, aerodynamic features at given altitudes, and the propulsion needs, were analyzed by means of numerical simulations for different flow conditions and propulsion concepts. The propulsion system is a set of air-jets, distributed in a circular row around the airship. The air-jets are working with an ambient air that is sucked/blowned from channels positioned in the upper and bottom sides of the airship body. These jets generate thrust to drive the airship in horizontal direction.
The flow is modeled using the RANS equations with an appropriate model for turbulence effects simulation. The environmental conditions are varied in order to be representative of several altitude positions for the airship. Boundary zones that were set are “pressure far field”, “mass flow inlet”, “wall” and “fluid”.
Attention is focused on the performance of the air-jets working with high mass flow rates and low jet flow speeds. They should also work in different combinations to ensure the needed thrust and direction of flight.
The results provide opportunities for future developments of these propulsion concepts for airships.
Fault Symptoms of Rolling Element Bearings Under Variable Operating Conditions: A Multi Domain Analysis
Authors: Borghesani P. , Ricci R. , Chatterton S. , Pennacchi P. 
Published: September 2013

Diagnostics of rolling element bearings have been traditionally developed for constant operating conditions, and sophisticated techniques, like Spectral Kurtosis or Envelope Analysis, have proven their effectiveness by means of experimental tests, mainly conducted in small-scale laboratory test-rigs. Algorithms have been developed for the digital signal processing of data collected at constant speed and bearing load, with a few exceptions, allowing only small fluctuations of these quantities. Owing to the spreading of condition based maintenance in many industrial fields, in the last years a need for more flexible algorithms emerged, asking for compatibility with highly variable operating conditions, such as acceleration/deceleration transients.
This paper analyzes the problems related with significant speed and load variability, discussing in detail the effect that they have on bearing damage symptoms, and propose solutions to adapt existing algorithms to cope with this new challenge. In particular, the paper will i) discuss the implication of variable speed on the applicability of diagnostic techniques, ii) address quantitatively the effects of load on the characteristic frequencies of damaged bearings and iii) finally present a new approach for bearing diagnostics in variable conditions, based on envelope analysis. The research is based on experimental data obtained by using artificially damaged bearings installed on a full scale test-rig, equipped with actual train traction system and reproducing the operation on a real track, including all the environmental noise, owing to track irregularity and electrical disturbances of such a harsh application.
The Combination of Empirical Mode Decomposition and Minimum Entropy Deconvolution for Roller Bearing Diagnostics in Non-Stationary Operation
Authors: Ricci R. , Borghesani P. , Chatterton S. , Pennacchi P. 
Published: September 2013

Diagnostics is based on the characterization of mechanical system condition and allows early detection of a possible fault.
Signal processing is an approach widely used in diagnostics, since it allows directly characterizing the state of the system. Several types of advanced signal processing techniques have been proposed in the last decades and added to more conventional ones. Seldom, these techniques are able to consider non-stationary operations. Diagnostics of roller bearings is not an exception of this framework.
In this paper, a new vibration signal processing tool, able to perform roller bearing diagnostics in whatever working condition and noise level, is developed on the basis of two data-adaptive techniques as Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), Minimum Entropy Deconvolution (MED), coupled by means of the mathematics related to the Hilbert transform.
The effectiveness of the new signal processing tool is proven by means of experimental data measured in a test-rig that employs high power industrial size components.
GPU-Based Local Tone Mapping in the Context of Virtual Night Driving
Authors: Bonner Erik , Berssenbruegge Jan 
Published: September 2013

Virtual Prototyping of automotive headlights requires a realistic illumination model, capable of rendering scenes of high contrast in fine detail. Due to the high dynamic range nature of headlight beam pattern data, which is projected onto the virtual road, high dynamic range illumination models are required. These are used as the basis for illumination in simulations for automotive headlight Virtual Prototyping.
Since high dynamic range illumination models operate on brightness ranges commensurate with the real world, a post-processing operation, known as tone mapping, is required to map each frame into the device-specific range of the display hardware.
Algorithms for tone mapping, called tone mapping operators, can be classified as global or local. Global operators are efficient to compute at the expense of scene quality. Local operators preserve scene detail, but, due to their additional computational complexity, are rarely used with interactive applications. Local tone mapping methods produce more usable visualization results for engineering tasks.
This paper proposes a local tone mapping method suitable for use with interactive applications. To develop a suitable tone mapping operator, a state of the art local tone mapping method was accelerated using modern, work-efficient GPU algorithms. Optimal performance, both in terms of memory and speed, was achieved by means of General-Purpose GPU programming with CUDA.
A prototypic implementation has shown that the method works well with high dynamic range OpenGL applications. In the near future, the tone mapper will be integrated into the virtual night driving simulator at our institute.
Does Using Different Concept Generation Techniques Change the Design Cognition of Design Students?
Authors: Gero John S. , Jiang Hao , Williams Christopher B. 
Published: September 2013

This paper presents the preliminary results of protocol studies to determine the effects of teaching different concept generation techniques to engineering students on their design cognition.
Twenty-two mechanical engineering students were given instructions in the three concept generation techniques of brainstorming, morphological analysis and TRIZ as part of their undergraduate education at a large land grant university. After the instruction for each concept generation technique, the students were formed into the same teams of two. Each team was given the same set of three design tasks, one for each concept generation technique, while their verbalization and gestures were videoed as they designed for a period of 45 minutes.
Students’ design cognition was examined by protocol analysis using the FBS ontologically-based coding scheme. Preliminary results indicate that statistically significant differences in students’ design cognition were observed when using different concept generation techniques.
Automated Silverware Sorting Using Vision Based Detection and Recognition Driving Pneumatically Actuated Mechanisms
Authors: Asmari Ali , Hoberock Lawrence L. 
Published: September 2013

Manual Sorting of silverware pieces after being washed by a high-volume commercial dishwasher is a costly and time consuming process which can be improved by automation. This paper describes the design, construction, and testing of an automated silverware sorting process. The process employs machine vision with simple, but effective, high-volume mechanisms to detect the type and orientation of different types of silverware pieces and place them into different bins. The project was conducted in two major phases:
1) Design and Construction of the Mechanism: a simple and effective mechanism was designed to sort the pieces into separate bins off of a conveyor belt. Pneumatic actuators provided the key mechanical sorting.
2) Design of the Control System: a computer program was developed that detects the entrance of a piece into the machine and recognizes the type and orientation of each silverware piece using computer vision techniques. The software then commands the proper mechanical component at the proper time to actuate, so that each piece ends up in the designated bin.
The machine was tested with different silverware input sequences The accuracy of the software in identifying the type and direction of the pieces, the accuracy of the mechanical system in sorting the pieces, and the accuracy of the overall system were found to be 100%, 90.63% and 88.75% respectively.
An Analysis of Complexity Measures for Product Design and Development
Authors: Crespo-Varela Josue R. , Okudan Kremer Gül E. , Tucker Conrad S. , Medina Lourdes A. 
Published: September 2013

Complexity metrics have been developed for multiple applications such as consumer products, software, trajectory selection and assembly systems. Although existing complexity metrics were developed to reduce product design and development costs, their lack of simplicity in formulation and robustness has limited their applicability. This paper proposes a standard methodology for comparing and evaluating these metrics and introduces dimensions of complexity that should be considered towards the goal of developing a generalizable product complexity measure. To this end, this paper introduces variables that integrate multiple facets of complexity into a single metric.
A medical device case study is used to compare the efficiency and robustness of existing complexity measures. The medical device case study also serves as the motivation for the proposed complexity metric due to the complexity of the domain itself and the increasing importance of mitigating healthcare costs. Overall, product complexity metrics can aid medical device development by increasing the understanding about the design and its implications regarding development time and FDA approvals.
Planar Trajectory Planning for Hopping and Swinging Along Designated Ground Contacts
Authors: Kean Michael , Cipra Raymond J. 
Published: September 2013

The study of the dynamics of hopping robots has generated provably stable control algorithms for steady state hopping. Similar studies have been successfully undertaken for swinging from a handhold. The resulting controllers are capable of stable steady state motion. There is room in the literature for the planning of transient paths, where exact ground contacts become important.
This work introduces a path planning approach targeted at transient motion for hopping and swinging robots. The dynamic and kinematics of the robot are described. The construction of a nominal path between the ground contacts is detailed beginning with energy calculations and continuing to a sequence of ballistic flights between the ground contacts.
This work is aimed at online path planning where there is incomplete knowledge about the full path. Rules are introduced to adapt the nominal trajectories and select a specific set of trajectories based on current knowledge of the path. Example paths are included to demonstrate the successful application of the approach.