bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two novel price-based algorithms for spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Weng Meng-Dung , Lee Bih-Hwang , Chen Jhih-Ming 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Cognitive radio network is expected to use flexible radio frequency spectrum sharing techniques for achieving more efficient frequency spectrum usage. In this article, we consider the spectrum sharing problem that one primary user (PU) can share its frequency spectrum by renting this spectrum to multiple secondary users (SUs). The pricing scheme is a key issue for spectrum sharing in cognitive radio network. We first propose a nonlinear one-leader–multiple-follower (NLMF) sharing spectrum scheme as a multi-object optimization problem; the prices are offered by PU to SUs at the same time. This problem can be solved using particle swarm optimization (PSO); SUs gradually and iteratively adjust their strategies respectively based on the observations on their opponents' previous strategies until Nash equilibrium is completed. We then present a general nonlinear bilevel one-leader-multiple-follower (NBMF) optimization problem to further consider the revenue of the PU and a new optimal strategic pricing optimization technique which applies bilevel programming and swarm intelligence. A leader-follower game is formulated to obtain the Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium for spectrum sharing that considers not only revenue of a PU but also the SUs utility. We develop a swarm particle algorithm to iteratively solve the problem defined in the NBMF decision model for searching the strategic pricing optimization. The behaviors of two pricing models have been evaluated, and the performance results show that the proposed algorithms perform well to solve the spectrum sharing in a cognitive radio network.
Rural and urban differences in blood pressure and pregnancy-induced hypertension among pregnant women in Ghana
Authors: van Middendorp Deborah , Asbroek Augustinus ten , Bio Fred Yaw , Edusei Anthony , Meijjer Lyonne , Newton Sam , Agyemang Charles 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Globally, about 350.000 women die every year from pregnancy related causes and more than half of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Approximately 12% of the maternal deaths are associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy such as pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). However, very little is known about PIH and associated determinants in many SSA countries such as Ghana. We therefore sought to assess rural and urban differences in blood pressure (BP) and PIH among pregnant women in Ghana.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study among 967 rural (677) and urban (290) pregnant women with a gestational age of more than 20 weeks. PIH was defined as a systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mmHg.

Results
Women in urban Ghana had a higher mean systolic and diastolic BP than women in rural Ghana (105/66 mmHg versus 102/61 mmHg, p < 0.001 for both systolic and diastolic BP). The prevalence of PIH was also higher in urban Ghana (3.1%) than in rural Ghana (0.4%) (p = 0.014). The urban and rural difference in mean diastolic blood pressure persisted even after adjustments for the study characteristics in a linear regression model. In both rural and urban Ghana, BMI, heart rate and a family history of hypertension were independently associated with BP.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest higher mean BP levels and PIH in urban Ghana than in rural Ghana. BMI was independently related to high BP. Left unchecked, the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in Ghana will exacerbate PIH levels in Ghana.
Abnormal centrosome and spindle morphology in a patient with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly type 2 due to compound heterozygous WDR62 gene mutation
Authors: Farag Heba Gamal , Froehler Sebastian , Oexle Konrad , Ravindran Ethiraj , Schindler Detlev , Staab Timo , Huebner Angela , Kraemer Nadine , Chen Wei , Kaindl Angela M 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare neurodevelopmental disease with severe microcephaly at birth due to a pronounced reduction in brain volume and intellectual disability. Biallelic mutations in the WD repeat-containing protein 62 gene WDR62 are the genetic cause of MCPH2. However, the exact underlying pathomechanism of MCPH2 remains to be clarified.

Methods/results
We characterized the clinical, radiological, and cellular features that add to the human MCPH2 phenotype. Exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing in a German family with two affected daughters with primary microcephaly revealed in the index patient the compound heterozygous mutations c.1313G>A (p.R438H) / c.2864-2867delACAG (p.D955Afs*112) of WDR62, the second of which is novel. Radiological examination displayed small frontal lobes, corpus callosum hypoplasia, simplified hippocampal gyration, and cerebellar hypoplasia. We investigated the cellular phenotype in patient-derived lymphoblastoid cells and compared it with that of healthy female controls. WDR62 expression in the patient’s immortalized lymphocytes was deranged, and mitotic spindle defects as well as abnormal centrosomal protein localization were apparent.

Conclusion
We propose that a disruption of centrosome integrity and/or spindle organization may play an important role in the development of microcephaly in MCPH2.
NeuroGeM, a knowledgebase of genetic modifiers in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Na Dokyun , Rouf Mushfiqur , O’Kane Cahir J , Rubinsztein David C , Gsponer Jörg 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundNeurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons in the human brain. Although the majority of NDs are sporadic, evidence is accumulating that they have a strong genetic component. Therefore, significant efforts have been made in recent years to not only identify disease-causing genes but also genes that modify the severity of NDs, so-called genetic modifiers. To date there exists no compendium that lists and cross-links genetic modifiers of different NDs.DescriptionIn order to address this need, we present NeuroGeM, the first comprehensive knowledgebase providing integrated information on genetic modifiers of nine different NDs in the model organismsD. melanogaster,C. elegans, andS. cerevisiae. NeuroGeM cross-links curated genetic modifier information from the different NDs and provides details on experimental conditions used for modifier identification, functional annotations, links to homologous proteins and color-coded protein-protein interaction networks to visualize modifier interactions. We demonstrate how this database can be used to generate new understanding through meta-analysis. For instance, we reveal that theDrosophilagenes DnaJ-1, thread, Atx2, and mub aregeneric modifiersthat affect multiple if not all NDs.ConclusionAs the first compendium of genetic modifiers, NeuroGeM will assist experimental and computational scientists in their search for the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying NDs.http://chibi.ubc.ca/neurogem.
A complex interaction between Wnt signaling and TNF-α in nucleus pulposus cells
Authors: Hiyama Akihiko , Yokoyama Katsuya , Nukaga Tadashi , Sakai Daisuke , Mochida Joji 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Increased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in intervertebral discs (IVDs) leads to inflammation, which results in progressive IVD degeneration. We have previously reported that activation of Wnt-β-catenin (hereafter called Wnt) signaling suppresses the proliferation of nucleus pulposus cells and induces cell senescence, suggesting that Wnt signaling triggers the process of degeneration of the IVD. However, it is not known whether cross talk between TNF-α and Wnt signaling plays a role in the regulation of nucleus pulposus cells. The goal of the present study was to examine the effect of the interaction between Wnt signaling and the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in nucleus pulposus cells.

Methods
Cells isolated from rat nucleus pulposus regions of IVDs were cultured in monolayers, and the expression and promoter activity of Wnt signaling and TNF-α were evaluated. We also examined whether the inhibition of Wnt signaling using cotransfection with Dickkopf (DKK) isoforms and Sclerostin (SOST) could block the effects of pathological TNF-α expression in nucleus pulposus cells.

Results
TNF-α stimulated the expression and promoter activity of Wnt signaling in nucleus pulposus cells. In addition, the activation of Wnt signaling by 6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime (BIO), which is a selective inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) activity that activates Wnt signaling, increased TNF-α expression and promoter activity. Conversely, the suppression of TNF-α promoter activity using a β-catenin small interfering RNA was evident. Moreover, transfection with DKK-3, DKK-4, or SOST, which are inhibitors of Wnt signaling, blocked Wnt signaling-mediated TNF-α activation; these effects were not observed for DKK-1 or DKK-2.

Conclusions
Here, we have demonstrated that Wnt signaling regulates TNF-α and that Wnt signaling and TNF-α form a positive-feedback loop in nucleus pulposus cells. The results of the present study provide in vitro evidence that activation of Wnt signaling upregulates the TNF-α expression and might cause the degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells. We speculate that blocking this pathway might protect nucleus pulposus cells against degeneration.
Development of Synthetic Transformations by Control of Acid-Catalyzed Reactions of Diazocarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Hashimoto Takuya , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Diazocarbonyl compounds have long been utilized in the field of transition-metal catalysis, wherein the formation of a metal–carbene complex is involved as a key step. On the other hand, diazocarbonyl compounds can be utilized in acid catalysis owing to their intrinsic property to act as a nucleophile to an acid-activated electrophile. However, in sharp contrast to the metal–carbene chemistry, this research field has not been well developed to date as a means to synthesize complex molecular architectures. In the last several years, we have been interested in the exploration of this untapped research area to provide novel ways to synthesize a variety of complex molecules stereoselectively.
A Novel Method of Preparing Ni–Mo–La/γ-Alumina Catalysts for Hydrocracking
Authors: Liu Jing , Yoda Shinichi , He Jing , Deng Lihong , Fan Kai , Rong Long 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
A novel method (powder metallurgy) was used for preparing Ni–Mo–La/γ-alumina catalysts. The nonsulfided catalysts were developed to produce green diesel from the hydrocracking of Jatropha oil. The catalysts were characterized using N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction, and laser microscope techniques. The selectivity of 77% was obtained for straight-chain C11–C20 alkanes at 370 °C, 3.0 MPa, and 0.9 h−1; the conversion of Jatropha oil was 80%. The reaction pathway was also discussed.
Smoking in Arcadia, or Barry Maitland’s embodied folly: Re-opening the case of The Malcontenta
Authors: Rolls Alistair 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This article reveals the multilayered structure of Barry Maitland’s second Brock and Kolla mystery, The Malcontenta (1995). In particular, it will be shown how the concept of hospitality is reflexively staged, as is the concept of the novel’s paratextual skin and sub-dermal liminal zones, in order to set up any number of border crossings and transgressions. To this end, the work of the Yale School of deconstructionists is used to demonstrate how each border crossing suggests an alternative reading of the text. Multiple instances of mise en abyme will be exposed as, respectively, the authority of detective, author and reader is challenged. Certain red herrings will be elevated to the status of alternate solutions and, finally, a suggested alternate murderer will be installed from outside the more obvious candidates on offer.
Crime on the Airwaves: The Carter Brown Mystery Theatre
Authors: Johnson-Woods Toni 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In the mid-1950s, Carter Brown Mystery books were selling in the millions in Australia; their robust humour and simple plots made them ideal fodder for radio adaptation. The Carter Brown Mystery Theatre did not make a great impact upon Australian radio per se, but it was popular enough to be onsold overseas. This article explores the Carter Brown Mystery Theatre as an exemplar of recuperating an unexplored area of the Australian radio industry: popular crime serials. Finally, it posits a ‘grammar’ of radio.
Why players start and stop playing a Chinese social network game
Authors: Lin Zhongpeng , Lewis Chris , Kurniawan Sri , Whitehead Jim 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The free-to-play economic model of social network games (SNGs) requires them to maintain a large number of active players. Only a small percentage of the player population will purchase in-game goods, which provides the income stream that funds the continued operation of the game. Understanding the reasons why players choose to play (and consequently spend their money) or abandon SNGs is important for designing SNGs that are economically viable. We explore the reasons why players decide to continue or stop playing SNGs by reporting the results of a survey questionnaire presented to a large population (N=48,882) of players of a Chinese SNG. We show that although players joined the game for different reasons, most players keep playing the game because of their sense of achievement. In contrast to other SNG studies, social obligations did not prevent players from leaving the game as they become bored.
Salivary Visfatin Concentrations in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Tabari Zahra Alizadeh , Azadmehr Abbas , Nohekhan Ali , Naddafpour Nima , Ghaedi Fatemeh Baharak 
Published: November 2013

Background: Visfatin, also known as pre‐B‐cell colony‐enhancing factor, is secreted from a variety of cells and is thought to have some proinflammatory and immunomodulating effects. It is indicated that serum/plasma levels of visfatin increase in a number of inflammatory disorders. The present study aims to evaluate salivary concentrations of visfatin in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP).Methods: Twenty patients with CP and 20 periodontally healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. For each patient, the values of clinical parameters, such as bleeding index, plaque index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level (CAL), were recorded. Whole saliva samples were collected, and concentrations of visfatin were evaluated using standard enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical software.Results: Visfatin was detectable in all samples. Salivary visfatin concentrations were significantly higher in the periodontitis group. In addition, there was a positive significant relationship between salivary visfatin concentrations and CAL in the periodontitis group. However, no significant association was observed between salivary visfatin levels and other periodontal parameters or body mass index.Conclusion: These results indicate that there is a relationship between salivary visfatin and CP; however, further studies are needed to confirm this finding.
MPH Education for the 21st Century: Motivation, Rationale, and Key Principles for the New Columbia Public Health Curriculum
Authors: Fried Linda P. , Begg Melissa D. , Bayer Ronald , Galea Sandro 
Published: November 2013

Public health is at a watershed moment. The world’s health needs are changing, and complex problems require interdisciplinary approaches and systems-based solutions. Our longer lives and changing environments necessitate life-course and structural approaches to prevention.This argues strongly for public health graduate education that adequately prepares trainees to tackle emerging challenges and to lead now and in the future. Nearly a century of scholarship and scientific advances may offer a blueprint for training the next generation of public health leaders.We articulate a case for change; discuss some of the foundational principles that should guide public health education; and discuss what such a change might look like building on prior scholarship, on the examples set by other disciplines, and on our own experience.
Natural alternatives to Coccidiostats in rabbit nutrition
Authors: Kowalska Dorota , Bielański Paweł , Nosal Paweł , Kowal Jerzy 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn rabbit management, coccidiosis caused by Eimeria protozoa is a serious health, production and economic problem due to its widespread occurrence. According to Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council on additives for use in animal nutrition, coccidiostats will be phased out of use by 31 December 2012. This has prompted a search for natural alternatives to coccidiostats, which could stop the progression of this disease. The aim of the study was to identify parasitic invasions in a herd of rabbits before and after the use of natural alternatives to common coccidiostatic drugs and to determine the effect of these alternatives on rabbit performance and meat quality. Different proportions of feed additives based on natural oregano and garlic oils, added to complete diets, had a positive effect on the weight gains of young rabbits during the study from 35 to 90 days of age. In all experimental groups, dressing percentage was higher than the values reported for New Zealand White rabbits, and the feed additives had no effect on the taste of meat samples evaluated. Properly formulated rations of the concentrates reduced the intensity of coccidial infections while protecting the animals against secondary bacterial and viral infections, which usually accompany coccidiosis and are a common cause of mortality. The present results suggest that the herb extracts can be successfully used in prophylaxis as natural alternatives to coccidiostats in feeds.
Knee Pain During Daily Tasks, Knee Osteoarthritis Severity, and Widespread Pain
Authors: Riddle Daniel L. , Stratford Paul W. 
Published: November 2013

Background
The presence of widespread pain is easily determined and is known to increase the risk for persistent symptoms.

Objective
The study hypothesis was that people with no or minimal knee osteoarthritis (OA) and high Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Pain Scale scores would be more likely than other subgroups to report widespread pain.

Design
A cross-sectional design was used.

Methods
Data were obtained from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study, which includes people with or at high risk for knee OA. The inclusion criteria were met by 755 people with unilateral knee pain and 851 people with bilateral knee pain. Widespread pain was assessed with body diagrams, and radiographic Kellgren-Lawrence grades were recorded for each knee. Knee pain during daily tasks was quantified with WOMAC Pain Scale scores.

Results
Compared with people who had high levels of pain and knee OA, people with a low level of pain and a high level of knee OA, and people with low levels of pain and knee OA, a higher proportion of people with a high level of knee pain and a low level of knee OA had widespread pain. This result was particularly true for people with bilateral knee pain, for whom relative risk estimates ranged from 1.7 (95% confidence interval=1.2–2.4) to 2.3 (95% confidence interval=1.6–3.3).

Limitations
The cross-sectional design was a limitation.

Conclusions
People with either no or minimal knee OA and a high level of knee pain during daily tasks are particularly likely to report widespread pain. This subgroup is likely to be at risk for not responding to knee OA treatment that focuses only on physical impairments. Assessment of widespread pain along with knee pain intensity and OA status may assist physical therapists in identifying people who may require additional treatment.
The climate memory of an Arctic polythermal glacier
Authors: Delcourt Charlotte , Van Liefferinge Brice , Nolan Matt , Pattyn Frank 
Published: November 2013

AbstractKnowledge of glacier equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) changes and trends in time is essential for future predictions of glacier volumes. We present a novel method for determining trends in ELA change at McCall Glacier, Alaska, USA, over the last 50 years, based on mapping of the cold–temperate transition surface (CTS), marking the limit between cold and temperate ice of a polythermal glacier. Latent heat release from percolating meltwater and precipitation keeps the ice column temperate in the accumulation area. A change from accumulation to ablation zone reduces this heat release, leading locally to glacier ice cooling. By mapping the CTS along the whole glacier length using radio-echo sounding and employing a thermodynamic model, the timing of the cooling was determined, from which past ELAs were constructed. These are in accord with mass-balance measurements carried out on McCall Glacier since the 1950s. We show that with a warming climate, McCall Glacier tends to cool in a counter-intuitive way.
Plant Regeneration from Mature Embryo Derived Callus of Basmati Rice
Authors: Ferdous MS , Samad MA , Haque MS , Mony SA 
Published: November 2013

The experiment was conducted with mature embryos of an aromatic rice variety (Basmati 370) to investigate the appropriate growth condition for callus induction as well as plant regeneration. Different concentrations of 2,4-D (0.0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 mgL-1) in MS medium were used for callus induction. Among the concentrations of 2,4-D, 2.5 mg-1 was the best concentration for callus induction (95.83%). Different concentrations of Kinetin (0.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0, 14.0 mgL-1) with a constant concentration of NAA (0.5 mg-1) were used for plant regeneration from callus. The combination of 10.0 mg-1 Kinetin and 0.5 mg-1 NAA was found to be the best for shoot regeneration (77.50%). Different concentrations of MET (1.5, 2.5, 3.5 mg-1) in MS medium with a constant concentration of NAA (0.5 mg-1) were used for root induction. A combination of 2.5 mg-1 MET and 0.5 mg-1 NAA was found most efficient for root induction (85.00%) with higher number of roots per plant (19.50) and better root elongation (1.88 cm). The plantlet was survived well in the plastic pot as well in the earthen pot or in the field.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i2.16921 Progress. Agric. 19(2): 45 - 50, 2008