bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Tabletting Characteristics of Ficus deltoidea Powder by Fitting into Compression Models
Authors: Mohd Salleh F.S. , Yusof Y.A. , Anuar M.S. , Chin N.L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe objective of this paper was to investigate the characteristics of Ficus deltoidea powders during tablet formation using a direct compression method. To understand the data further, compression models were fitted, which included those of Heckel, Kawakita, Adams and Panelli–Filho. F. deltoidea is well‐known for its therapeutic properties when used in the form of an extracted powder. We further investigated the effect of the binders Avicel and Acdisol, which are known as a universal binder and a superdisintegrant, respectively. The physical properties, flowability and particle structures were determined to compare behavior and as references to the compression models used. The data were mostly consistent with those predicted by the compression models. As a result, applying compression models, especially the Kawakita model, was successfully performed and can be further related to the development and production of compact F. deltoidea tablets. Thus, this paper provides a fundamental understanding on the tabletting characteristics of F. deltoidea extract powder.Practical ApplicationsIn this study, a direct compression method was adopted to form the Ficus deltoidea extract powder into tablets. For further investigation, the F. deltoidea extract powder was mixed with two different binders, Avicel and Acdisol, in different ranges of composition. Hence, the pressure and effect of various process variables such as the food powder on tablet density and strength were obtained. For this reason, a study was conducted to increase our understanding of the tablet characteristics of F. deltoidea powder and binders by fitting the data into compression models. Four models had been proposed to reflect the physical and mechanical properties of powders and how these characteristics can be successfully applied in research. Finally, the best fitting compression model was chosen for further development and production of F. deltoidea compact tablets.
Ultimate eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori after first, second, or third‐line therapy in Korea
Authors: Yoon Kichul , Kim Nayoung , Nam Ryoung H , Suh Ji H , Lee Seonmin , Kim Jung M , Lee Ju Y , Kwon Yong H , Choi Yoon J , Yoon Hyuk , Shin Cheol M , Park Young S , Lee Dong H 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsResistance rates of Helicobacter pylori to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and quinolone are over 30% in South Korea. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the ultimate eradication rate of H. pylori after first, second, or third‐line therapy in Korea.MethodsA cohort of 2202 patients with H. pylori was treated with proton pump inhibitor (PPI)‐based triple therapy for seven days. In case of treatment failure or recurrence, moxifloxacin‐based triple therapy (MA) or bismuth‐based quadruple therapy (QUAD) was randomly given. When the second‐line treatment failed or H. pylori recurred, the unused MA or QUAD was used as a third‐line treatment.ResultsEighty‐six patients had recurrence at least once during consecutive lines of treatments. Among 2116 patients (intention‐to‐treat [ITT]) without recurrence, 1644 (77.7%, per‐protocol [PP]) completely followed our treatment flow. The ITT and PP rates of first‐line treatment were 69.8% and 89.3%. After second line, they reached 78.4% (ITT) and 98.4% (PP). The “final” eradication rate up to third line treatment were 80.0% (1692/2116) and 99.8% (1641/1644), respectively. Resistance to clarithromycin showed significantly lower eradication rate (OR 0.358, P < 0.001) than those with susceptible strains in multivariate analysis. However in PP analysis, there was no significant difference in ultimate success rate regarding resistance pattern.ConclusionFinal success rate of PP was high, 99.8% in Korea in spite of high antibiotic resistance rates. However, high rate of refusal of further treatment and follow‐up loss made ITT eradication rate low. Proper strategy to improve the treatment adherence is needed.
Determinants of self‐care decision‐making in hospitalised patients with heart failure
Authors: Tsai Pi‐Kuang , Wang Ruey‐Hsia , Lee Chee‐Siong , Tsai Liang‐Miin , Chen Hsing‐Mei 
Published: November 2014

Aims and objectivesTo explore the important determinants of self‐care decision‐making in inpatients with heart failure.BackgroundSelf‐care is a natural decision‐making process that helps patients to improve clinical outcomes. However, patients with heart failure engage in insufficient self‐care. More research studies are needed to identify the determinants of self‐care decision‐making.DesignA cross‐sectional correlational research design.MethodsA questionnaire survey with a non‐probability sampling was used. A total of 71 inpatients were interviewed at a medical centre in southern Taiwan. Instruments included a demographic and clinical questionnaire, the Dutch Heart Failure Knowledge Scale and the Self‐Care of Heart Failure Index.ResultsAdmission frequency was the only significant determinant of self‐care maintenance. Heart failure knowledge, admission frequency and type of residence were important determinants of self‐care management. Heart failure knowledge, having a spouse and admission frequency were important determinants of self‐care confidence.ConclusionsThe study findings support the presence of ongoing clinical challenges associated with poor heart failure knowledge and improper performance of self‐care in patients. Admission frequency was correlated with three self‐care variables, while heart failure knowledge was associated with self‐care management and self‐care confidence.Relevance to clinical practiceMore effective strategies, including pre‐discharge education, consultation of successful cases, case sharing and patient support groups, should be designed to enhance patients’ self‐care decision‐making. However, clinical nurses may not be able to actually perform this task or provide consultation services after hospital discharge due to their workload. Establishment of heart disease educators and professional consultation services may be helpful to improve patient education.
Utero‐ovarian varices and absent inferior vena cava in pregnancy
Authors: Kawata Etsuko , Kondoh Eiji , Kawasaki Kaoru , Baba Tsukasa , Ueda Akihiko , Kido Aki , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractExtensively distended and tortuous vessels on both sides of the uterus are rare incidental findings on transvaginal sonography in early pregnancy. A 31‐year‐old woman with a history of surgical repair for congenital intestinal stenosis was noted to have utero‐ovarian varices on a transvaginal ultrasound examination during her first prenatal visit at 6 weeks' gestation. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed dilated ovarian veins along with infrarenal absence of inferior vena cava as well as the absence of external and common iliac veins. Despite concerns regarding spontaneous utero‐ovarian vessels rupture, her antenatal course was uneventful. A vaginal delivery was successfully achieved without any postpartum complication. We also demonstrated an intraoperative view of the utero‐ovarian vessels during cesarean section in her subsequent pregnancy. Absence of inferior vena cava and pelvic varices can occur in women with a history of neonatal surgery. Although the risk of utero‐ovarian varices rupture remains unclear, vaginal delivery may be safely achieved.
Adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with adenomyosis with uterine enlargement
Authors: Mochimaru Aya , Aoki Shigeru , Oba Mari S. , Kurasawa Kentaro , Takahashi Tsuneo , Hirahara Fumiki 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to elucidate the risk of poor pregnancy outcomes in women with adenomyosis by comparing their outcomes to those of women without uterine abnormalities.Material and MethodsThe subjects were 36 women diagnosed with adenomyosis before pregnancy who were managed at a tertiary care center between January 2002 and December 2012. Our hospital database was retrospectively reviewed to identify pregnancy outcomes associated with adenomyosis. The control group consisted of 144 women without uterine abnormalities who gave birth during the same period and whose age at delivery was adjusted by applying propensity scores. Pregnancy outcomes were compared between the adenomyosis and control groups. The main outcomes were gestational age at delivery, preterm delivery, preterm premature rupture of membranes, fetal malpresentation, cesarean delivery, small‐for‐gestational age, 5‐min Apgar score < 7, umbilical arterial pH < 7.1, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. The data are presented as medians (range) or frequencies (percentage).ResultsThe adenomyosis group had significantly higher rates of preterm delivery (41.7% vs 12.5%), preterm premature rupture of membranes (19.4% vs 4.2%), small‐for‐gestational age (33.3% vs 10.4%), fetal malpresentation (27.8% vs 8.3%), and cesarean delivery (58.3% vs 24.3%), as compared with the control group. No significant differences were observed in 5‐min Apgar score < 7 or umbilical arterial pH < 7.1 between the two groups.ConclusionsPregnancies in women with adenomyosis were associated with a higher preterm delivery rate and more frequent occurrences of fetal growth restriction and fetal malpresentation, such that both pregnancy and delivery outcomes were poor.
Oral health and risk factors for dental disease of Australian young people in custody
Authors: Haysom Leigh , Indig Devon , Byun Roy , Moore Elizabeth , van den Dolder Paul 
Published: November 2014

AimTo describe the prevalence and risk factors for markers of poor oral health in Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal young people in custody in Australia.MethodsAll incarcerated youth, aged 13–21 years, in New South Wales Juvenile Custodial Centres between August and October 2009 were invited to participate and undertake a dental exam. The main outcome measures were an assessment of moderate/abundant plaque, periodontal disease, dental caries experience, mean decayed and/or filled and/or missing teeth (DMFT) index and untreated decay.ResultsTwo hundred ninety‐four participants (91% male, 46% Aboriginal) underwent a dental exam. Markers of poor oral health were common – 49.4% with moderate/abundant plaque, 34.4% with periodontal disease, mean DMFT 3.56 and 54% having untreated decay. Risk factors independently associated with poor oral health were geographical remoteness and non‐fluoridation of the water supply of the usual residence, a shorter incarceration time and dental treatment outside of custody.ConclusionsYoung people entering custody have poor oral health, with those from geographically remote areas without water fluoridation at highest risk. The incarceration period is an opportunity for oral health improvements in these young people through access to dental treatment services. Better triaging systems are needed to identify those of greatest priority, and prevention services are needed.
Integrating novel chemical weapons and evolutionarily increased competitive ability in success of a tropical invader
Authors: Zheng Yu‐Long , Feng Yu‐Long , Zhang Li‐Kun , Callaway Ragan M. , Valiente‐Banuet Alfonso , Luo Du‐Qiang , Liao Zhi‐Yong , Lei Yan‐Bao , Barclay Gregor F. , Silva‐Pereyra Carlos 
Published: November 2014

Summary

The evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis and the novel weapons hypothesis (NWH) are two non‐mutually exclusive mechanisms for exotic plant invasions, but few studies have simultaneously tested these hypotheses. Here we aimed to integrate them in the context of Chromolaena odorata invasion.

We conducted two common garden experiments in order to test the EICA hypothesis, and two laboratory experiments in order to test the NWH.

In common conditions, C. odorata plants from the nonnative range were better competitors but not larger than plants from the native range, either with or without the experimental manipulation of consumers. Chromolaena odorata plants from the nonnative range were more poorly defended against aboveground herbivores but better defended against soil‐borne enemies. Chromolaena odorata plants from the nonnative range produced more odoratin (Eupatorium) (a unique compound of C. odorata with both allelopathic and defensive activities) and elicited stronger allelopathic effects on species native to China, the nonnative range of the invader, than on natives of Mexico, the native range of the invader.

Our results suggest that invasive plants may evolve increased competitive ability after being introduced by increasing the production of novel allelochemicals, potentially in response to naïve competitors and new enemy regimes.
Life‐history trade‐offs under different larval diets in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Jaramillo Sandra L. , Mehlferber Eli , Moore Patricia J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMost larval drosophilids eat the microorganisms that develop in rotting fruit, a relatively protein‐rich resource. By contrast, the spotted‐wing Drosophila suzukii Matsumara (Diptera: Drosophilidae) uniquely develops in ripening fruit, a protein‐poor, carbohydrate‐rich resource. This shift in larval nutritional niche has led to D. suzukii being a significant agricultural pest in the U.S.A. and Europe. Although occupying a new niche may benefit a species by reducing competition, adaptation in host use may generate trade‐offs affecting fitness. To test the hypothesis that fitness trade‐offs will change with adaptation to novel larval diets, D. suzukii larval development on either a diet of a fresh, ripe blueberry (a natural host) or standard artificial Drosophila media (protein‐rich) is compared and the effect of diet on development time from egg to adult, adult body size and male wing spot area, and female fecundity is assessed. Larval development time differs, with larvae on the blueberry emerging as adults earlier than those on the artificial medium, although other fitness measures do not vary between the two diets. In addition, the faster development time on a blueberry does not trade off with body size as expected, although early fecundity is delayed in females that develop on blueberries. Thus, adaptation to a novel larval diet environment does not come at a cost to the ability to develop in protein‐rich resources.
Hard and Soft Skills in Preparing GIS Professionals: Comparing Perceptions of Employers and Educators
Authors: Wikle Thomas A. , Fagin Todd D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOrganizations that hire GIS professionals look for entry‐level employees with specialized technical skills but also other competencies such as effective communication and a capacity to think critically and creatively. Indeed, the success of GIS projects and initiatives often depends on individuals who possess a combination of specialized GIS skills and more general competencies that influence their ability to collaborate and manage resources. This article presents findings from a survey of GIS employers and educators concerning the importance of hard and soft skills among entry‐level GIS professionals. A key finding is the high level of consistency in ratings assigned by employers and educators concerning hard skills such as data editing and GIS analysis and soft skills including problem solving and adaptability. However, the groups were less similar in ratings assigned to data capture skills, project management, and written/verbal skills. GIS qualifications were also compared, revealing a greater emphasis on internships among educators and higher ratings assigned to academic GIS certificates among employers.
Study on the Relationship between Manganese Concentrations in Rural Drinking Water and Incidence and Mortality Caused by Cancer in Huai’an City
Authors: Zhang Qin , Pan Enchun , Liu Linfei , Hu Wei , He Yuan , Xu Qiujin , Liang Cunzhen 
Published: November 2014

Background. Cancer is a significant disease burden in the world. Many studies showed that heavy metals or their compounds had connection with cancer. But the data conflicting about the relationship of manganese (Mn) to cancer are not enough. In this paper, the relationship was discussed between Mn concentrations in drinking water for rural residents and incidence and mortality caused by malignant tumors in Huai’an city.Methods. A total of 158 water samples from 28 villages of 14 towns were, respectively, collected during periods of high flow and low flow in 3 counties of Huai’an city, along Chinese Huai’he River. The samples of deep groundwater, shallow groundwater, and surface water were simultaneously collected in all selected villages. Mn concentrations in all water samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS 7500a). The correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between the Mn concentration and cancer incidence and mortality.Results. Mn concentrations detectable rate was 100% in all water samples. The mean concentration was 452.32 μg/L ± 507.76 μg/L. There was significant difference between the high flow period and low flow period (t=-5.23,P<0.05) and also among deep groundwater, shallow groundwater, and surface water (F=5.02,P<0.05). The ratio of superscale of Mn was 75.32%. There was significant difference of Mn level between samples in the high flow period and low flow period (χ2=45.62, P<0.05) and also among deep groundwater, shallow groundwater, and surface water (χ2=10.66,P<0.05). And also we found that, during the low flow period, Mn concentration has positive correlation with cancer incidence and mortality; for a 1 μg/L increase in Mn concentration, there was a corresponding increase of 0.45/100000 new cancer cases and 0.35/100000 cancer deaths (P<0.05).Conclusions. In Huai’an city, the mean concentration of Mn in drinking water was very high. Mn concentration correlated with cancer incidence and mortality.
Patient and Provider Characteristics Associated with Colorectal, Breast, and Cervical Cancer Screening among Asian Americans
Authors: Thompson Caroline A. , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Chan Albert , Chan John K. , McClellan Sean R. , Chung Sukyung , Olson Cliff , Nimbal Vani , Palaniappan Latha P. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background: Routinely recommended screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers can significantly reduce mortality from these types of cancer, yet screening is underutilized among Asians. Surveys rely on self-report and often are underpowered for analysis by Asian ethnicities. Electronic health records (EHR) include validated (as opposed to recall-based) rates of cancer screening. In this article, we seek to better understand cancer screening patterns in a population of insured Asian Americans.
Methods: We calculated rates of compliance with cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening among Asians from an EHR population and compared them with non-Hispanic whites. We performed multivariable modeling to evaluate potential predictors (at the provider- and patient-level) of screening completion among Asian patients.
Results: Aggregation of Asian subgroups masked heterogeneity in screening rates. Asian Indians and native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders had the lowest rates of screening in our sample, well below that of non-Hispanic whites. In multivariable analyses, screening completion was negatively associated with patient–physician language discordance for mammography [OR, 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.71–0.92] and colorectal cancer screening (OR, 0.79; CI, 0.72–0.87) and positively associated with patient–provider gender concordance for mammography (OR, 1.16; CI, 1.00–1.34) and cervical cancer screening (OR, 1.66; CI, 1.51–1.82). In addition, patient enrollment in online health services increased mammography (OR, 1.32; CI, 1.20–1.46) and cervical cancer screening (OR, 1.31; CI, 1.24–1.37).
Conclusions: Language- and gender-concordant primary care providers and culturally tailored online health resources may help improve preventive cancer screening in Asian patient populations.
Impact: This study demonstrates how the use of EHR data can inform investigations of primary prevention practices within the healthcare delivery setting.
See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Cancer in Asian and Pacific Islander Populations.”
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2208–17. ©2014 AACR.
Escaping Out of the Brain
Authors: Seoane Joan , De Mattos-Arruda Leticia 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Summary: Technological development in the field of circulating biomarkers has allowed the identification of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with glioblastoma. This opens a new avenue of research with implications for the understanding and clinical managing of this fatal disease. Cancer Discov; 4(11); 1259–61. ©2014 AACR.
See related article by Sullivan et al., p. 1299
Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy: Beyond Immunity to Curability
Authors: Simons Jonathan W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMetastatic prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer in the United States. It is the first prevalent cancer in which overall survival in advanced disease is modestly, but objectively, improved with outpatient delivered dendritic cell–based immunotherapy. More prostate cancer patients have enrolled through Facebook and trusted-site Internet searches in clinical trials for prostate cancer vaccine–based immunotherapy than in immunotherapy trials for lung, breast, colon, pancreas, ovarian, and bladder cancer combined in the past 7 years. Exceptional responses to anti–CTLA-4 treatment have been documented in clinics, and prostate cancer neoantigen characterization and T-cell clonotyping are in their research ascendancy. The prostate is an accessory organ; it is not required for fertility, erectile function, or urinary continence. The true evolutionary advantage of having a prostate for male mammalian physiology is a topic of speculation in seminar rooms and on bar stools, but it remains unknown. Hundreds of prostate lineage-unique proteins (PLUP) exist among the &gt;37,000 normal human prostate lineage-unique open reading frames that can be targeted for immunologic ablation of PLUP+ prostate cancer cells by prostate-specific autoimmunity. This bioengineered graft-versus-prostate disease is a powerful strategy that can eliminate deaths from prostate cancer. Immunologic tolerance to prostate cancer can be overcome at every clinical stage of presentation. This Cancer Immunology at the Crossroads article aims to present advances in the past two decades of basic, translational, and clinical research in prostate cancer, including bioengineering B-cell and T-cell responses, and ongoing prostate cancer immunotherapy trials. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(11); 1034–43. ©2014 AACR.