bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐level laser therapy associated with high intensity resistance training on cardiac autonomic control of heart rate and skeletal muscle remodeling in wistar rats
Authors: Paolillo Fernanda Rossi , Arena Ross , Dutra Daniela Bassi , de Cassia Marqueti Durigan Rita , de Araujo Heloisa Selistre , de Souza Hugo Celso Dutra , Parizotto Nivaldo Antonio , Cipriano Gerson , Chiappa Gaspar , Borghi‐Silva Audrey 
Published: November 2014

Background and ObjectivePhototherapy plus dynamic exercise can enhance physical performance and improve health. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) associated with high intensity resistance training (HIT) on cardiac autonomic and muscle metabolic responses in rats.Study Design/Materials and MethodsForty Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups: sedentary control (CG), HIT, LLLT and HIT + LLLT. HIT was performed 3 times/week for 8 weeks with loads attached to the tail of the animal. The load was gradually increased by 10% of body mass until reaching a maximal overload. For LLLT, irradiation parameters applied to the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle were as follows: infrared laser (780 nm), power of 15 mW for 10 seconds, leading to an irradiance of 37.5 mW/cm2, energy of 0.15 J per point and fluency of 3.8 J/cm2. Blood lactate (BL), matrix metalloproteinase gelatinase A (MMP−2) gene expression and heart rate variability (HRV) indices were performed.ResultsBL significantly increased after 8‐weeks for HIT, LLLT and HIT + LLLT groups. However, peak lactate when normalized by maximal load was significantly reduced for both HIT and HIT + LLLT groups (P<0.05). MMP−2 in the active form was significantly increased after HIT, LLLT and HIT + LLLT compared tom the CG (P<0.05). There was a significant reduction in low frequency [LF (ms2)] and increase in high frequency [HF (un)] and HF (ms2)] for the HIT, LLLT and HIT + LLLT groups compared with the CG (P < 0.05). However, the LF/HF ratio was further reduced in the LLLT and HIT + LLLT groups compared to the CG and HIT group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThese results provide evidence for the positive benefits of LLLT and HIT with respect to enhanced muscle metabolic and cardiac autonomic function in Wistar rats. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:796–803, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inducing Effect of Clofibric Acid on Stearoyl‐CoA Desaturase in Intestinal Mucosa of Rats
Authors: Yamazaki Tohru , Kadokura Makiko , Mutoh Yuki , Sakamoto Takeshi , Okazaki Mari , Mitsumoto Atsushi , Kawashima Yoichi , Kudo Naomi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFibrates have been reported to elevate the hepatic proportion of oleic acid (18:1n‐9) through inducing stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD). Despite abundant studies on the regulation of SCD in the liver, little is known about this issue in the small intestine. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of clofibric acid on the fatty acid profile, particularly monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and the SCD expression in intestinal mucosa. Treatment of rats with a diet containing 0.5 % (w/w) clofibric acid for 7 days changed the MUFA profile of total lipids in intestinal mucosa; the proportion of 18:1n‐9 was significantly increased, whereas those of palmitoleic (16:1n‐7) and cis‐vaccenic (18:1n‐7) acids were not changed. Upon the treatment with clofibric acid, SCD was induced and the gene expression of SCD1, SCD2, and fatty acid elongase (Elovl) 6 was up‐regulated, but that of Elovl5 was unaffected. Fat‐free diet feeding for 28 days increased the proportions of 16:1n‐7 and 18:1n‐7, but did not effectively change that of 18:1n‐9, in intestinal mucosa. Fat‐free diet feeding up‐regulated the gene expression of SCD1, but not that of SCD2, Elovl6, or Elovl5. These results indicate that intestinal mucosa significantly changes its MUFA profile in response to challenges by clofibric acid and a fat‐free diet and suggest that up‐regulation of the gene expression of SCD along with Elovl6 is indispensable to elevate the proportion of 18:1n‐9 in intestinal mucosa.
A Comparative Study of Phospholipase A1 and Phospholipase C on Soybean Oil Degumming
Authors: Jiang Xiaofei , Chang Ming , Wang Xiaosan , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe degumming of crude soybean oil with phospholipase A1 (PLA1) and phospholipase C (PLC) was studied, and optimal conditions were obtained for each enzyme. During degumming with PLA1, more fatty acid was found in the oil than would be expected by hydrolysis of only the terminal fatty acid chains, and glycerophosphophorylcholine and glycerophosphoethanolamine were detected in the gums. These observations indicate that acyl‐migration of phospholipid fatty acids occurred during PLA1 degumming. In addition, results showed that PLA1 degumming was capable of reducing the phosphorus content in the oil to levels acceptable for physical refining (<10 mg/kg). During degumming with PLC, an increase of 1,2‐diacylglycerol was found, as most phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were hydrolyzed by this enzyme. Treatment with either enzyme slightly decreased the oxidative stability of the oil and most metals were separated with the gums fraction.
Formation of Furan Fatty Alkyl Esters from their Bis‐Epoxide Fatty Esters
Authors: Bantchev Grigor B. , Doll Kenneth M. , Biresaw Girma , Vermillion Karl E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractReactions of epoxidized alkyl soyate with four different alcohols: ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, 2‐ethylhexanol, benzyl alcohol, in the presence of Brønsted acid catalyst, were investigated. Products, not reported in prior studies of similar reactions, were found. These were furan fatty acid alkyl esters (FFE, mixture of alkyl 8‐(5‐hexyl‐2‐furyl) octanoate and alkyl 9‐(5‐pentyl‐2‐furyl)nonanoate) which were unambiguously identified by means of GC–MS and two‐dimensional NMR. Evidence suggests that the FFE are formed by an acid‐catalyzed rearrangement of the epoxidized linoleates. The FFE were formed in presence of all four alcohols tested and in the presence of either sulfuric acid or Amberlyst 15 catalyst. Yields of up to 13 %, as quantified by GC and NMR spectroscopies, were observed.
Intracellular metabolite levels shape sulfur isotope fractionation during microbial sulfate respiration
Authors: Wing Boswell A. , Halevy Itay 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Microbes can discriminate among metabolites that differ only in the stable isotopes of the same element. This stable isotope fractionation responds systematically to environmental variables like extracellular metabolite concentrations and to physiological ones like cell-specific metabolic rates. These observable characteristics define a stable isotope phenotype, as exemplified by the rich database of experimental sulfur isotope fractionations from sulfate-respiring bacteria and archaea. We developed a quantitative model for sulfur isotope fractionation during sulfate respiration that incorporates only experimentally accessible biochemical information. With this approach, stable isotope phenotypes can be decomposed into their physiological, enzymatic, and environmental parts, potentially illuminating the relative influences of these components in natural microbial populations today, as well as how they may have varied in the deep past.
Halorhodopsin pumps Cl–and bacteriorhodopsin pumps protons by a common mechanism that uses conserved electrostatic interactions
Authors: Song Yifan , Gunner M. R. 
Published: November 2014

SignificanceChanging a few residues can change the function of homologous proteins. The chloride and proton affinity in the inward chloride-pumping halorhodopsin (HR) and outward proton-pumping bacteriorhodopsin (BR) are compared using classical electrostatic simulations. BR binds and releases protons from acidic residues that have been removed from HR. In the states where these acids are ionized in BR, HR binds a chloride. In the states where these acids bind a proton in BR, HR releases the chloride. Thus, BR uses static anions and mobile protons, whereas HR uses mobile ions to maintain the same charge states. The use of mobile ions makes HR more sensitive to external conditions.
Single-cell mass cytometry of TCR signaling: Amplification of small initial differences results in low ERK activation in NOD mice
Authors: Mingueneau Michael , Krishnaswamy Smita , Spitzer Matthew H. , Bendall Sean C. , Stone Erica L. , Hedrick Stephen M. , Pe'er Dana , Mathis Diane , Nolan Garry P. , Benoist Christophe 
Published: November 2014

SignificanceActivation of T lymphocytes by the rearranged T-cell receptor (TCR) conditions essentially all aspects of their differentiation and function, and variations in the efficacy of signal transduction condition pathogen resistance and autoimmune deviation. We explored the defects in signal transduction downstream of the TCR in diabetes-susceptible nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice using mass cytometry and computational processing of single-cell data. We found that small initial differences in the efficacy of triggering at the apex of the cascade result in much more profound differences downstream, with the system being set to amplify the discriminating power of initial sensing to arrive at more marked response/no response decisions within T cells.
Mass spectrometry-based protein identification with accurate statistical significance assignment
Authors: Alves Gelio , Yu Yi-Kuo 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Assigning statistical significance accurately has become increasingly important as metadata of many types, often assembled in hierarchies, are constructed and combined for further biological analyses. Statistical inaccuracy of metadata at any level may propagate to downstream analyses, undermining the validity of scientific conclusions thus drawn. From the perspective of mass spectrometry-based proteomics, even though accurate statistics for peptide identification can now be achieved, accurate protein level statistics remain challenging.
Results: We have constructed a protein ID method that combines peptide evidences of a candidate protein based on a rigorous formula derived earlier; in this formula the database P-value of every peptide is weighted, prior to the final combination, according to the number of proteins it maps to. We have also shown that this protein ID method provides accurate protein level E-value, eliminating the need of using empirical post-processing methods for type-I error control. Using a known protein mixture, we find that this protein ID method, when combined with the Sorić formula, yields accurate values for the proportion of false discoveries. In terms of retrieval efficacy, the results from our method are comparable with other methods tested.
Availability and implementation: The source code, implemented in C++ on a linux system, is available for download at ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/qmbp/qmbp_ms/RAId/RAId_Linux_64Bit.
Contact: yyu@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Arousal and locomotion make distinct contributions to cortical activity patterns and visual encoding
Authors: Vinck Martin , Batista-Brito Renata , Knoblich Ulf , Cardin Jessica A. 
Published: November 2014

Spontaneous and sensory-evoked cortical activity is highly state-dependent, yet relatively little is known about transitions between distinct waking states. Patterns of activity in mouse V1 differ dramatically between quiescence and locomotion, but this difference could be explained by either motor feedback or a change in arousal levels. We recorded single cells and local field potentials from area V1 in mice head-fixed on a running wheel and monitored pupil diameter to assay arousal. Using naturally occurring and induced state transitions, we dissociated arousal and locomotion effects in V1. Arousal suppressed spontaneous firing and strongly altered the temporal patterning of population activity. Moreover, heightened arousal increased the signal-to-noise ratio of visual responses and reduced noise correlations. In contrast, increased firing in anticipation of and during movement was attributable to locomotion effects. Our findings suggest complementary roles of arousal and locomotion in promoting functional flexibility in cortical circuits.AbbreviationsLFPLocal Field PotentialV1primary visual cortexPDpupil diameterFSfast spikingRSregular spikingFRfiring rateL-onlocomotion onsetL-offlocomotion offsetLlocomotionLEearly locomotionLLlate locomotionQquiescenceQEearly quiescenceQMmiddle quiescenceQLlate quiescenceSNRsignal-to-noise ratioITIInter-trial-intervalLVlocal coefficient of variationISIinter-spike-intervals.e.m.standard error of the meanSDstandard deviationIDIsolation Distance
Defects in a New Class of Sulfate/Anion Transporter Link Sulfur Acclimation Responses to Intracellular Glutathione Levels and Cell Cycle Control
Authors: Fang Su-Chiung , Chung Chin-Lin , Chen Chun-Han , Lopez-Paz Cristina , Umen James G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe previously identified a mutation, suppressor of mating type locus3 15-1 (smt15-1), that partially suppresses the cell cycle defects caused by loss of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor-related protein encoded by the MAT3 gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. smt15-1 single mutants were also found to have a cell cycle defect leading to a small-cell phenotype. SMT15 belongs to a previously uncharacterized subfamily of putative membrane-localized sulfate/anion transporters that contain a sulfate transporter domain and are found in a widely distributed subset of eukaryotes and bacteria. Although we observed that smt15-1 has a defect in acclimation to sulfur-limited growth conditions, sulfur acclimation (sac) mutants, which are more severely defective for acclimation to sulfur limitation, do not have cell cycle defects and cannot suppress mat3. Moreover, we found that smt15-1, but not sac mutants, overaccumulates glutathione. In wild-type cells, glutathione fluctuated during the cell cycle, with highest levels in mid G1 phase and lower levels during S and M phases, while in smt15-1, glutathione levels remained elevated during S and M. In addition to increased total glutathione levels, smt15-1 cells had an increased reduced-to-oxidized glutathione redox ratio throughout the cell cycle. These data suggest a role for SMT15 in maintaining glutathione homeostasis that impacts the cell cycle and sulfur acclimation responses.
Experimental evidence that even minor livestock trampling has severe effects on land snail communities in forest remnants
Authors: Denmead Lisa H. , Barker Gary M. , Standish Rachel J. , Didham Raphael K. 
Published: November 2014

Summary

Land‐use intensification is increasing dramatically in production systems world‐wide. Livestock production is an important component of production land use, and increases in livestock densities have had a wide range of negative consequences. The off‐site effects of livestock grazing and trampling on native vegetation adjacent to pastoral land have received less attention than on‐farm effects. Moreover, where significant ecological effects of livestock spillover have been identified, the mechanistic determinants of these effects have not typically been investigated.

Here, we tested the mechanistic drivers of livestock trampling effects on land snail communities in forest remnants using simulated trampling under field conditions. We used a factorial combination of leaf‐litter manipulation and trampling treatments to partition different causal drivers of livestock impacts on land snail communities and related them to five environmental variables that are altered by livestock.

We show that even very low frequency trampling caused severe changes to land snail communities. Land snail density, even under the lowest trampling frequency, declined by an average of 42 individuals m−2 and land snail species richness decreased by an average of 10 species per plot compared with control plots.

The underlying drivers of changes in land snail communities varied, but were primarily linked to leaf‐litter mass, rather than soil compaction.

Synthesis and applications. Overall, these results suggest that even minimal disturbance by livestock has large effects on land snail communities, but the underlying drivers of these effects require further investigation in longer duration and more intensive studies. Our results provide strong support for livestock exclusion as an important management tool for native forest remnants embedded within production landscapes.
Serum vitamin D levels are inversely related with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease independent of visceral obesity in Chinese postmenopausal women
Authors: Lu Zhigang , Pan Xiaoping , Hu Yaqin , Hao Yaping , Luo Yuqi , Hu Xiang , Ma Xiaojing , Bao Yuqian , Jia Weiping 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels and both visceral adipose and with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Chinese postmenopausal women. Four hundred and fifty‐one postmenopausal women between 45 and 74 years of age (mean (± SD) age 57.3 ± 4.6 years) were enrolled in the study. All subjects participated in the Shanghai Obesity Study between June and August 2011 and underwent abdominal magnetic resonance imaging and an abdominal ultrasonography. Patients with a visceral fat area (VFA) ≥ 80 cm2 were classified as abdominally obese. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels were measured with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The prevalence of NAFLD in the study population was 34.8% (n = 157). Women with abdominal obesity had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D3 levels than those without abdominal obesity (median (interquartile range) 11.23 (8.64–14.12) vs 12.56 (9.41–15.98) ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.01). Regardless of abdominal obesity status, serum 25(OH)D3 levels in patients with NAFLD were lower than those without non‐NAFLD (11.14 (8.63–13.81) vs 12.92 (9.48–16.37) ng/mL (P < 0.05) for those without abdominal obesity; 10.86 (8.61–13.56) vs 11.55 (8.82–16.38) ng/mL (P < 0.05) for those with abdominal obesity). Partial correlation analyses demonstrated a negative correlation between serum 25(OH)D3 levels and VFA (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that high serum 25(OH)D3 levels were a protective factor against NAFLD after adjusting for risk factors such as VFA. In conclusion, independent of visceral obesity, vitamin D is inversely correlated with NAFLD in Chinese postmenopausal women.
Application of microRNAs in diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Wronska A. , Kurkowska‐Jastrzebska I. , Santulli G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Innovative, more stringent diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and effective treatment options are needed to lessen its burden. In recent years, microRNAs have emerged as master regulators of gene expression – they bind to complementary sequences within the mRNAs of their target genes and inhibit their expression by either mRNA degradation or translational repression. microRNAs have been implicated in all major cellular processes, including cell cycle, differentiation and metabolism. Their unique mode of action, fine‐tuning gene expression rather than turning genes on/off, and their ability to simultaneously regulate multiple elements of relevant pathways makes them enticing potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Indeed, cardiovascular patients have specific patterns of circulating microRNA levels, often early in the disease process. This article provides a systematic overview of the role of microRNAs in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of CVD.
P2X receptors trigger intracellular alkalization in isolated perfused mouse medullary thick ascending limb
Authors: de Bruijn P. I. A. , Bleich M. , Praetorius H. A. , Leipziger J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimsExtracellular ATP is an important regulator of renal tubular transport. Recently, we found that basolateral ATP markedly inhibits Na+ and Cl− absorption in mouse medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) via a P2X receptor. The underlying mechanism that mediates this ATP‐dependent transport inhibition in mTAL is, however, unclear. The renal outer medullary K+ channel (ROMK) is sensitive to intracellular pH where a reduction leads to closing of ROMK. We speculated that P2X receptor stimulation in the TAL could lead to changes in pHi, leading to a reduction in NaCl transport.MethodsTo test this hypothesis, we measured pHi in single perfused mouse mTALs using the fluorescent ratiometric dye 2′,7′‐bis‐(2‐carboxyethyl)‐5‐(and‐6)‐carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethylester.ResultsInterestingly, basolateral ATP (100 μm) caused a prominent, reversible intracellular alkalization of mTAL, with an average pHi increase of 0.14 ± 0.02 (n = 14). This was completely abolished by the P2X receptor antagonist periodate‐oxidized ATP (50 μm). The P2X receptor‐mediated intracellular alkalization required the activity of the apical Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE3). Typically, Gq‐coupled receptors cause a significant acidification of tubular epithelial cells, which was confirmed in this study, by P2Y2 and Ca2+ sensing receptor stimulation.ConclusionThis study reports that stimulation of basolateral P2X receptors causes a substantial intracellular alkalization in the isolated perfused mouse mTAL. This intracellular alkalization is mediated through an increased apical NHE3 activity, similar to what we previously observed when tubular transport is inhibited with furosemide. This increased NHE3 activity causes H+ secretion in the mTAL and provides further support that the TAL is a site of urinary acidification.
Alveolar–capillary adaptation to chronic hypoxia in the fatty lung
Authors: Yilmaz C. , Ravikumar P. , Gyawali D. , Iyer R. , Unger R. H. , Hsia C. C. W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimObese diabetic (ZDF fa/fa) rats with genetic leptin resistance suffer chronic lipotoxicity associated with age‐related lung restriction and abnormal alveolar ultrastructure. We hypothesized that these abnormalities impair adaptation to ambient hypoxia.MethodsMale fa/fa and lean (+/+) ZDF rats (4‐months old) were exposed to 21 or 13% O2 for 3 weeks. Lung function was measured under anaesthesia. Lung tissue was assayed for DNA damage and ultrastructure measured by morphometry.ResultsIn normoxia, lung volume, compliance and diffusing capacity were lower, while blood flow was higher in fa/fa than +/+ rats. In hypoxia, fa/fa animals lost more weight, circulating hematocrit rose higher, and lung volume failed to increase compared to +/+. In fa/fa, the hypoxia‐induced increase in post‐mortem lung volume was attenuated (19%) vs. +/+ (39%). Alveolar ducts were 35% smaller in normoxia but enlarged twofold more in hypoxia compared to +/+. Hypoxia induced broad increases (90–100%) in the volumes and surface areas of alveolar septal components in +/+ lungs; these increases were moderately attenuated in fa/fa lungs (58–75%), especially that of type II epithelium volume (16 vs. 61% in +/+). In fa/fa compared to +/+ lungs, oxidative DNA damage was greater with increased hypoxia induced efflux of alveolar macrophages. Harmonic mean thickness of the diffusion barrier was higher, indicating higher structural resistance to gas transfer.ConclusionChronic lipotoxicity impaired hypoxia‐induced lung expansion and compensatory alveolar growth with disproportionate effect on resident alveolar progenitor cells. The moderate structural impairment was offset by physiological adaptation primarily via a higher hematocrit.