bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mouse models in the study of chronic lymphocytic leukemia pathogenesis and therapy
Authors: Simonetti Giorgia , Bertilaccio Maria Teresa Sabrina , Ghia Paolo , Klein Ulf 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMouse models that recapitulate human malignancy are valuable tools for the elucidation of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and for preclinical studies. Several genetically engineered mouse models have been generated, either mimicking genetic aberrations or deregulated gene expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The usefulness of such models in the study of the human disease may potentially be hampered by species-specific biological differences in the target cell of the oncogenic transformation. Specifically, do the genetic lesions or the deregulated expression of leukemia-associated genes faithfully recapitulate the spectrum of lymphoproliferations in humans? Do the CLL-like lymphoproliferations in the mouse have the phenotypic, histological, genetic, and clinical features of the human disease? Here we compare the various CLL mouse models with regard to disease phenotype, penetrance, and severity. We discuss similarities and differences of the murine lymphoproliferations compared with human CLL. We propose that the Eμ-TCL1 transgenic and 13q14-deletion models that have been comprehensively studied at the levels of leukemia phenotype, antigen-receptor repertoire, and disease course show close resemblance to the human disease. We conclude that modeling CLL-associated genetic dysregulations in mice can provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and generate valuable tools for the development of novel therapies.
Sequencing of breast cancer stem cell populations indicates a dynamic conversion between differentiation states in vivo
Authors: Klevebring Daniel , Rosin Gustaf , Ma Ran , Lindberg Johan , Czene Kamila , Kere Juha , Fredriksson Irma , Bergh Jonas , Hartman Johan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The cancer stem cell model implies a hierarchical organization within breast tumors maintained by cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Accordingly, CSCs are a subpopulation of cancer cells with capacity for self-renewal, differentiation and tumor initiation. These cells can be isolated through the phenotypic markers CD44+/CD24-, expression of ALDH1 and an ability to form nonadherent, multicellular spheres in vitro. However, controversies to describe the stem cell model exist; it is unclear whether the tumorigenicity of CSCs in vivo is solely a proxy for a certain genotype. Moreover, in vivo evidence is lacking to fully define the reversibility of CSC differentiation.

Methods
In order to answer these questions, we undertook exome sequencing of CSCs from 12 breast cancer patients, along with paired primary tumor samples. As suggested by stem classical cell biology, we assumed that the number of mutations in the CSC subpopulation should be lower and distinct compared to the differentiated tumor cells with higher proliferation.

Results
Our analysis revealed that the majority of somatic mutations are shared between CSCs and bulk primary tumor, with similar frequencies in the two.

Conclusions
The data presented here exclude the possibility that CSCs are only a phenotypic consequence of certain somatic mutations, that is a distinct and non-reversible population of cells. In addition, our results imply that CSCs must be a population of cells that can dynamically switch from differentiated tumor cells, and vice versa. This finding increases our understanding of CSC function in tumor heterogeneity and the importance of identifying drugs to counter de-differentiation rather than targeting CSCs.
Novel Analytical Method to Determine Factors Causing Unwanted Sticking of Glued Wood Particles onto Machinery Parts*
Authors: Himsel Alexandra , Müller Ulrich , Kantner Wolfgang , Moser Johann , Mitter Roland , van Herwijnen Hendrikus W. G. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
“Sticking” of glued particles onto machine parts (blender, conveyor, forming station) during wood panel production increasingly occurs when applying low-emission aminoplastic adhesives. Therefore, a new and reproducible method to investigate sticking effects was developed. With this setup, both drying out of the adhesive and the tendency of particles to adhere onto machinery components can be described. The method consists of a rotating cylinder made out of different materials and of diverse surface roughness in order to simulate machine parts, which runs over a wood surface where resin is applied. The wood surface represents the wood particles. The temperature of the wood surface and the ambient air as well as the relative humidity can be controlled. Before starting the experiment, a defined amount of adhesive is applied onto the wood surface and with this a “glue line” is built up. Drying out of the adhesive causes an increase of the rolling resistance up to a peak value. Afterward, an abrupt or gradual decrease of the rolling resistance is observed. This rolling resistance is accurately measured and recorded. Using the approach described above, influences of different materials, climate conditions, surface temperature and roughness, as well as adhesive properties can be observed. The initial results provide strong evidence that climate conditions of the ambient air as well as material and surface properties of machine parts show a significant contribution to the phenomenon.
Suitability of various materials for porous filters in diffusion experiments
Authors: Aldaba David , Glaus Martin , Leupin Olivier , Van Loon Luc , Vidal Miquel , Rigol Anna 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The suitability of different porous materials (stainless steel, VYCOR® glass, Al2O3 and PEEK) for
use as confining filters in diffusion experiments was evaluated by measuring the effective diffusion coefficients (D
e) of
neutral (HTO) and ionic solutes (Na+, Cs+, Sr2+, Cl
–
, SeO4
2−) in the materials in through-diffusion
experiments. For stainless steel filters, the D
e values of the target solutes correlated satisfactorily with their bulk
diffusion coefficient in water (D
w); thus, the diffusion process in the stainless steel filters was primarily controlled by
the diffusivity of the solvated ions. For the remaining materials, the D
e and D
w values were also correlated
for the target solutes, and the geometric factors were in the sequence: VYCOR® glass < Al2O3 <
PEEK. Stainless steel and VYCOR® glass were the most appropriate materials because of their high
D
e values, but a specific interaction of caesium with VYCOR® glass was hypothesised because the
D
e values obtained for this solute were slightly higher than expected.
Detoxification of azinophos methyl using gamma radiation mediated advance oxidation process and investigation of degradation products
by HPLC and GC-MS
Authors: Khan Sadaf Sadiq , Riaz Muhammad 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Gamma radiolytic degradation of azinophos-methyl was studied in water
and methanol separately, using 60Co as a radiation source
under varied experimental conditions. Solution of azinophos-methyl was
prepared in pure methanol at concentration of
50 μg ml−1, irradiated at gamma dose of 1 to
7 kGy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
coupled with diode array detector was used to monitor the extent of
degradation along with numbers of degradation products. At dose of
7 kGy ≥ 99% of azinophos-methyl was
degraded. The degradation occurred by interaction of CH3O. and H.
radicals generated by the radiolysis of high purity methanol while in
water by .OH radical. The degradation in water was increased by
30% than in methanol due the high oxidation potential of .OH
while keeping the gamma ray dose constant at 3 kGy. The
generated degradation products were identified using GC-MS and their
possible transformation pathways are proposed. It is suggested that
use of ionization radiations can be an effective and efficient tool
for the removal of organophosphate pesticides in waste water.
Application of X-Ray Diffraction Analysis for Determining Residual Stresses on Soil Particles Due to Thermal Treatment
Authors: Kadali Srinivas , Singh D. N. , Shekhawat S. K. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
With an intention to investigate the influence of heat on the soil particles when they get exposed to thermal flux, six soils of entirely different characteristics were subjected to temperatures up to 300°C (this being the maximum temperature associated with the nuclear wastes to be disposed in geoenvironment), in steps of 50°C. After each step of thermal treatment, the residues were characterized for their crystal size, lattice strain, normal stress (tensile and compressive), and shear stress, by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Based on a critical synthesis of the results, it has been demonstrated that the stresses on the soil particles change from tensile to compressive while the strains are insignificant. It is believed that such a study would be quite useful in predicting the response and engineering properties of soils at elevated temperatures.
Late Cretaceous–early Paleocene ostracod biostratigraphy of Scientific Drilling Sk1(N) in the Songliao Basin, northeast China
Authors: Qu Haiying , Xi Dangpeng , Li Sha , Colin Jean Paul , Huang Qinghua , Wan Xiaoqiao 
Published: July 2014

Cretaceous non-marine deposits are widespread in China and have been studied comprehensively. The Songliao Basin in northeast China is thought to be well suited for investigation of Cretaceous biostratigraphy. However, despite much research having been conducted in the basin, little is known about its Late Cretaceous biostratigraphy and paleoenvironment. Here, we establish a high-resolution biostratigraphy of the Late Cretaceous based on ostracods from borehole SK1(n) in the Songliao Basin, northeast China. As part of the present study, 45 species assigned to 20 genera have been recovered, with one new species (Ilyocypris bisulcatan. sp.) and five ostracod assemblages: theCypridea gunsulinensis–Mongolocypris magnaassemblage, which is marked by the first occurrence (F.O.) ofIlyocyprimorphawith nodes and spines; theIlyocyprimorpha–Limnocypridea sunliaonensis–Periacanthellaassemblage, which ranges from the F.O. ofIlyocyprimorphawith nodes and spines to the F.O. ofStrumosiasp.; theStrumosia inanditaassemblage from the F.O. ofStrumosiasp. to the lower occurrence (L.O.) ofStrumosia inandita; theTalicypridea amoena–Metacypris kaitunensis–Ziziphocypris simakoviassemblage from the F.O. ofMongolocypris apiculata(Cea) andTalicypridea amoenato the F.O. ofIlyocyprissp.; and theIlyocyprisassemblage from the F.O. ofIlyocyprissp. to the L.O. ofIlyocypris bisulcatan. sp.Moreover, the zonal fossilIlyocypris bisulcatan. sp. of Zone 5 is here described for the first time from the upper Mingshui Formation, and Paleocene charophyte genera includingNeocharaandGrovesicahrahave been found to coexist with the Zone 5 fauna. The age of theIlyocyprisAssemblage is assigned to the latest Maastrichtian to the earliest Danian.
Atmospheric Deposition Effects on Agricultural Soil Acidification State — Key Study: Krupanj Municipality
Authors: Čakmak Dragan , Beloica Jelena , Perović Veljko , Kadović Ratko , Mrvić Vesna , Knežević Jasmina , Belanović Snežana 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Acidification, as a form of soil degradation is a process that leads to permanent reduction in the quality of soil as the most important natural resource. The process of soil acidification, which in the first place implies a reduction in soil pH, can be caused by natural processes, but also considerably accelerated by the anthropogenic influence of excessive S and N emissions, uncontrolled deforestation, and intensive agricultural processes. Critical loads, i.e. the upper limit of harmful depositions (primarily of S and N) which will not cause damages to the ecosystem, were determined in Europe under the auspices of the Executive Committee of the CLRTAP in 1980. These values represent the basic indicators of ecosystem stability to the process of acidification. This paper defines the status of acidification for the period up to 2100 in relation to the long term critical and target loading of soil with S and N on the territory of Krupanj municipality by applying the VSD model. The Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) geostatistic module was used as the interpolation method. Land management, particularly in areas susceptible to acidification, needs to be focused on well-balanced agriculture and use of crops/seedlings to achieve the optimum land use and sustainable productivity for the projected 100-year period.
Wokół logicznej metodologii nauk humanistycznych
Authors: Węsierski Michał R. 
Published: July 2014

StreszczenieArtykuł stanowi próbę ukazania miejsca problematyki z zakresu metodologii nauk humanistycznych w twórczości Kazimierza Ajdukiewicza. Autor stara się przybliżyć promowany przez tego filozofa ogólny program metodyczny, majacy obejmować m.in. nauki humanistyczne, oraz, uwzgłdniając ewolucję jego pogłdów semiotycznych i metodologicznych, zarysować wpływ dzieł tego filozofa na kierunki i tresc prac metodologicznych powstałych jako bez-pośrednia bądź pośrednia inspiracja jego naukową aktywnością prowadzoną na gruncie metodologii logicznej.
The Corporate Real Estate Market in Public Statistics in Poland
Authors: Konowalczuk Jan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This paper presents theoretical considerations regarding the needs and criteria of creating ownership divisions of real estate markets for the purpose of public surveys and research. The scope of necessary changes to the collection of information in public registers and institutional conditions is indicated, as a necessary aspect towards enabling separate studies for corporate real estate to be conducted. Study results comparing the basic parameters of the real estate market in the Silesian voivodeship (Silesia province) in 2004-2012, as per the Central Statistical Office (CSO) annual reports, are also presented, as are the results of an analysis of data collected from a database of appraisers and valuers. The market parameters adopted for comparison have in both cases been developed based on the same source data obtained from public documents of the Registers of Real Estate Prices and Values (RREPV). The article presents the detailed results of own research on the real estate market in the Silesian voivodeship for 2012, with regards to the amount of real estate, the transaction values, the area of properties, and selected averages with regards to property type in line with those used in CSO studies. Also included is an assessment of the completeness of the market data presented by the CSO, taking into account the selected types of real estate. This paper also indicates the results of a pilot survey study of office workers of the RREPV in poviat (district) council offices. The comparison of the regional real estate market forms a basis for the critical evaluation of the categories of real estate used in official statistics and selected forms of real estate turnover. Proposals regarding the needs and conditions that must be met in order to enable research on the corporate real estate market have also been formulated.
Spatial and Real Estate Management Determinants of Tourism Sector Development
Authors: Źróbek-Różańska Alina , Zielińska-Szczepkowska Joanna 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Satisfying residents’ needs is the main purpose of local authorities. Given that of the most fundamental of needs is the possibility of receiving fair income from work, local authorities should create an attractive investment climate, consistent with the directions of development described in strategic documents. One of the main directions, both for Poland as well as its individual regions and local units-gminas (communes), is the development of the tourism sector. To achieve this goal, local authorities possess tools that allow social-economic conditions to be shaped. The realization of particular tasks is a very complex process, and requires rational and active spatial and real estate management, coherent with the principles of spatial order and sustainable development.
Fluid inclusion evidence for barbotage and its role in gold deposition at the Darasun goldfield (Eastern Transbaykalia, Russia)
Authors: Prokofiev Vsevolod , Selector Sofiya 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
“Barbotage” is a process of gas penetration through a layer of liquid as a flow of dispersed small gas bubbles. Barbotage is widely used in technology particularly due to its high coefficients of interphase energy and material transfer. It promotes the heat- and mass-exchange processes as well as the chemical interactions in gas-liquid systems. Upon investigation of the fluid regime at the magmatic-hydrothermal system of Darasun goldfield (Eastern Transbaikalia, Russia) we have found evidences of barbotage as an effective mechanism resulting in the formation of vein gold deposits. In spite of the fact that early associations of gold ores in the Darasun goldfield deposits were formed from a heterogeneous fluid, their histograms of fluid salinity distributions are quite different. These differences can be explained by including into the ore-forming process the stage at which the vapour phase generated by boiling rose up as a stream of small bubbles. The corresponding scheme of the formation of the Darasun goldfield hydrothermal ore-bearing system is proposed and discussed. The possibility to use gallium fractionation and the fluid salinity distribution in hydrothermal systems as the indicators of barbotage participation in hydrothermal ore-forming processes is evaluated.
Preference Formation, Choice Sets, and the Creative Destruction of Preferences
Authors: Sobel Russell S. , Clark J. R. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Economic models are founded in the idea of taking individuals' preferences as both known and given. This article explores the evolution of personal preferences, within a context of both entrepreneurial discovery and Objectivist philosophy. It begins by formalizing Ayn Rand's theory of Objectivism applied to human values, and continues by modeling preference changes similar to Schumpeter's theory of creative destruction—a process of self-discovery. Next the role of societal factors is examined in forming shared preference sets. Finally, the article describes how the strength of human preferences is used to narrow choice sets in the presence of greater consumption options.
The University of Colorado Digital Health Consortium Initiative: A Collaborative Model of Education, Research and Service
Authors: Khuntia Jiban , Karimi Jahangir , Tanniru Mohan , Meyers Arlen 
Published: July 2014

This article describes the initiative and actions related to establishing a Digital Health Consortium (DHC) at the University of Colorado Denver. The consortium is a part of the Center for Information Technology Innovation (CITI) in the Business School.Â The objective is to augment existing information systems program offerings in health information technology with the support of industry affiliates and other partners of the university. Â The CITI-DHC is an industry-academia led initiative with a mission to accelerate digital health transformation through education, research, and service. We illustrate the vision and plan for the consortium, that will be fulfilled with academic and industry stakeholders, and who will be engaged with the platform to support digital health care innovations through collaborations.Â Â
Punitive policing and associated substance use risks among HIV‐positive people in Russia who inject drugs
Authors: Lunze Karsten , Raj Anita , Cheng Debbie M. , Quinn Emily K. , Bridden Carly , Blokhina Elena , Walley Alexander Y. , Krupitsky Evgeny , Samet Jeffrey H. 
Published: July 2014

IntroductionDrug law enforcement is part of the HIV risk environment among people who inject drugs (PWID). Punitive policing practices such as extrajudicial arrests for needle possession and police planting of drugs have been described anecdotally in Russia, but these experiences and their associations with risky drug behaviours have not been quantified. This study aims to quantify the burden of extrajudicial police arrests among a cohort of HIV‐positive PWID in Russia and to explore its links to drug‐related health outcomes.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study of 582 HIV‐positive people with lifetime injection drug use (IDU) in St. Petersburg, Russia, we estimated the prevalence of self‐reported extrajudicial police arrests. We used multiple logistic regression to evaluate associations between arrests and the following outcomes: overdose, recent IDU and receptive needle sharing.FindingsThis cohort's mean age was 29.8 years, 60.8% were male; 75.3% reported non‐fatal drug overdose, 50.3% recent IDU and 47.3% receptive needle sharing. Extrajudicial arrests were reported by more than half (60.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 56.5–64.5) and were associated with higher odds of non‐fatal drug overdose (AOR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.02–2.25) but not with recent IDU (AOR 1.17, arrests were associated with receptive needle sharing (AOR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.09–3.09).ConclusionsExtrajudicial police arrests were common among this cohort of Russian HIV‐positive PWID and associated with non‐fatal overdose and, among those with recent IDU, receptive needle sharing. As a part of the HIV risk environment of PWIDs, these practices might contribute to HIV transmission and overdose mortality. Further research is needed to relate these findings to the operational environment of law enforcement and to better understand how police interventions among PWIDs can improve the HIV risk environment.
Hydrochemical monitoring, petrological observation, and geochemical modeling of fault healing after an earthquake
Authors: Wästeby Niklas , Skelton Alasdair , Tollefsen Elin , Andrén Margareta , Stockmann Gabrielle , Claesson Liljedahl Lillemor , Sturkell Erik , Mörth Magnus 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBased on hydrochemical monitoring, petrological observations, and geochemical modeling, we identify a mechanism and estimate a time scale for fault healing after an earthquake. Hydrochemical monitoring of groundwater samples from an aquifer, which is at an approximate depth of 1200 m, was conducted over a period of 10 years. Groundwater samples have been taken from a borehole (HU‐01) that crosses the Húsavík‐Flatey Fault (HFF) near Húsavík town, northern Iceland. After 10 weeks of sampling, on 16 September 2002, an M 5.8 earthquake occurred on the Grimsey Lineament, which is approximately parallel to the HFF. This earthquake caused rupturing of a hydrological barrier resulting in an influx of groundwater from a second aquifer, which was recorded by 15–20% concentration increases for some cations and anions. This was followed by hydrochemical recovery. Based on petrological observations of tectonically exhumed fault rocks, we conclude that hydrochemical recovery recorded fault healing by precipitation of secondary minerals along fractures. Because hydrochemical recovery accelerated with time, we conclude that the growth rate of these minerals was controlled by reaction rates at mineral‐water interfaces. Geochemical modeling confirmed that the secondary minerals which formed along fractures were saturated in the sampled groundwater. Fault healing and therefore hydrochemical recovery was periodically interrupted by refracturing events. Supported by field and petrographic evidence, we conclude that these events were caused by changes of fluid pressure probably coupled with earthquakes. These events became successively smaller as groundwater flux decreased with time. Despite refracturing, hydrochemical recovery reached completion 8–10 years after the earthquake.