bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
7.1.3 System Engineering Applied to Concept Design Optimization of Subsea Coolers
Authors: Bye Arne Kristian , AS Aker Subsea , Piciaccia Luca A. , AS Aker Subsea 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSubsea equipment must continuously evolve to meet the challenging conditions of the deep underwater environments. The optimization of coolers is a continuous process needed to remain competitive in this technology domain. This paper reports on the results of a project to study concept design optimization for the anti‐surge cooler intended for a subsea compression station. The project followed the Aker Solutions project execution model, which begins with the creation of a concept of operations used to establish measures of performance, in addition to a valid requirements capture. The systems approach ensured that stakeholder needs were met, while identifying and refining parameters for the design. The refinement process, which resulted in a handful of design concepts, was evaluated through application of the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) Decision Modeling Tool. With this tool, the researcher arrived to a design concept recommendation, validated by stakeholders and sensitivity analysis.
7.2.3 Early Findings from Interviewing Systems Engineers who Support the U.S. Department of Defense
Authors: Hutchison Nicole , Henry Devanandham , Pyster Art , Pineda Ricardo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHelix, which is focused on examining the “DNA” of the systems engineering workforce, is a project of the Systems Engineering Research Center (SERC). It is a multi‐year longitudinal study designed to build an understanding of the landscape of the systems engineering workforce, of what enables and inhibits the effectiveness of systems engineers, and of how organizations are attempting to improve their effectiveness. At the time of submission, the team has interviewed 112 individuals from 7 organizations. This paper outlines early findings based on these interviews. Insights include a characterization of the systems engineers in the study including career paths for senior systems engineers; the most important characteristics and competencies for systems engineers; what systems engineers believe their greatest contributions are; and what factors make systems engineers most and least effective.
7.3.2 Systems and Projects
Authors: Aslaksen Erik W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper proposes a reorientation of systems engineering; a shift in focus achieved not by discarding any of the present Body of Knowledge, but by adding a further layer to the top‐down approach. This layer is concerned with two entities; the service to be provided, as defined by the Client or users, and the project that will provide it, while the physical plant that is required to support the project, the current “system of interest”, emerges only in the next level down. The nature of these two entities, and their relationships to similar entities found in the systems engineering literature, is highlighted. It is suggested that INCOSE could take the lead in this reorientation, and that a restructuring of the Handbook would be an effective first step.
7.3.3 Integrating Systems Engineering with Project Management: a Current Challenge!
Authors: Xue Rui , Baron Claude , Esteban Philippe , Prun Daniel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWith increasingly complex systems, relying on systems engineering as an interdisciplinary method to manage engineering processes is essential for companies. However, too many projects still fail and industrial groups have argued that these failures may be related to the managerial techniques used. Indeed organizational processes are more or less specifically mentioned in System Engineering standards but in practice project managers tend to rely more on their own standards which sometime set forth practices not in line with those of the System Engineering domain, hence the reported discrepancies which very often lead to project failure. Thus to improve the companies' competitiveness when developing new products, cooperation between processes related to system development and project management is key to achieve performance and success. This paper presents arguments which tend to support this theory and details two ongoing projects that aim at integrating both domains.
7.4.1 Rapid Development Case Study: Lessons Learned From Arming the C‐145 Skytruck
Authors: West Timothy D. , Colombi John M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper examines Project “Tropic Thunder,” a US Air Force effort to integrate a 0.50 caliber machine gun onto the C‐145 Skytruck. The paper compares the project with relevant literature to determine where the project does and does not alignment with other rapid development models, revealing shortfalls in stakeholder identification and requirements definition that significantly delayed the project. Ultimately, the system works as desired, the design proved to be flightworthy, and the User was happy with the results. However, more up‐front rigor in the systems engineering process could potentially have resulted in a similar level of technical performance, only faster and cheaper. The case depicts the importance of the initial steps in the systems engineering process to the overall success of a rapid development effort.
8.3.2 Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) in Complex System of Systems (SoS) Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Environments
Authors: Marvin Joseph , Morantz Brad , Whalen Thomas , Deiotte Ray , Garrett Robert K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPrevailing Modeling and Simulation (M&S) techniques have struggled to provide meaningful quantitative results in M&S of complex System of Systems (SoSs) in the face of an environment filled with complex interacting uncertainties. This paper reports on systems thinking applied to “how” M&S techniques should shift to allow a next generation of quantitative tools and techniques. The imperative is to provide quantitative performance results across the constituent interfaces in a modeled architecture. A five step statistical and parametric algorithm tool that addresses Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) is presented. [Improving the utility of UQ data evaluation] A quantitative approach to managing complex uncertainties across modeled interfaces using graph theory is proposed. A future vision for SoS Engineering (SoSE) that uses graph theory based modeling is suggested to improve the utility of tools such as UQ is suggested.
9.1.2 Two‐stage Multi‐objective Analysis in the Assignment of Federal Air Marshals
Authors: Philie Mathieu , Kwinn Michael J. , Henderson Steven J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe United States Federal Air Marshal Service (FAMS) plays a critical role in ensuring safe travel aboard United States (US) air carriers. Federal Air Marshall agents, who operate out of field offices throughout the US, are assigned to accompany flights in order to deter and respond to hostile acts. In an era of limited resources, the FAMS is interested in optimally locating its field offices and agents to minimize the overall risk to the US air transportation system. This represents a highly constrained and complex optimization problem that resists standard techniques. In this paper, we demonstrate an approach that leverages the value‐focused thinking to model risk and optimize risk mitigation. Our approach uses a novel two‐stage approach to risk analysis that reduces the optimization burden and provides a solution to the FAMS.
9.4.1 Why avoiding how when defining what? Towards an OSLC‐based approach to support Model‐Driven Requirements Engineering
Authors: Alvarez‐Rodríguez Jose María , Llorens Juan , Alejandres Manuela , Fuentes Jose 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe present paper debates the concept of requirement in the contexts of software and systems engineering. Requirements are usually extracted from documents, stakeholders and existing systems generating a natural language specification. On the other hand system models are designed to define system behavior and to validate and verify the system against a specification. That is why requirements, as a basic unit of specification, must be aligned and linked to a model with the aim of supporting the whole development lifecycle of any product or service. Although some Model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) methodologies have tried to bridge the gap between natural language and models moving from document‐centric to model or requirement‐based approaches, there is still a lack of interoperability and integration between requirements and models that prevent a proper (re) use of requirements in the whole lifecycle. Furthermore this situation is becoming a major challenge in critical systems since a complete verification and validation must be ensured. In this light the Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration (OSLC) initiative pursues the creation of specifications to unify under a common and shared data model (the Resource Description Framework‐RDF) all pieces of information and data involved in the development of a system. This initiative applies the principles of Semantic Web and the Linked Data initiative to provide a web standards‐based environment for systems development. More specifically, OSLC defines the Requirements Management specification to deliver a common environment for managing and exchanging requirements. In this sense the on‐going work implementing this specification and an example of modeling a controlled vocabulary for requirements management under the principles of the Linked Data and OSLC specifications is provided to demonstrate the capabilities and intentions of both initiatives. Finally some discussion, conclusions and future directions are also presented.
FOXO1 Mediates Vitamin D Deficiency–Induced Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Chen Songcang , Villalta S Armando , Agrawal Devendra K 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Prospective epidemiological studies have consistently shown a relationship between vitamin D deficiency, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). This is supported by recent trials showing that vitamin D supplementation in prediabetic or insulin-resistant patients with inadequate vitamin D levels improves insulin sensitivity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying vitamin D deficiency–induced insulin resistance and DM2 remain unknown. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is a primary defect in the majority of patients with DM2. Although sustained activation of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in skeletal muscle causes insulin resistance, a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and FOXO1 activation in muscle is unknown. We generated skeletal muscle-specific vitamin D receptor (VDR)-null mice and discovered that these mice developed insulin resistance and glucose intolerance accompanied by increased expression and activity of FOXO1. We also found sustained FOXO1 activation in the skeletal muscle of global VDR-null mice. Treatment of C2C12 muscle cells with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (VD3) reduced FOXO1 expression, nuclear translocation, and activity. The VD3-dependent suppression of FOXO1 activation disappeared by knockdown of VDR, indicating that it is VDR-dependent. Taken together, these results suggest that FOXO1 is a critical target mediating VDR-null signaling in skeletal muscle. The novel findings provide the conceptual support that persistent FOXO1 activation may be responsible for insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism in vitamin D signaling-deficient mice, as well as evidence for the utility of vitamin D supplementation for intervention in DM2. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
International lessons for US housing finance
Authors: Ehrlich Michael , Anandarajan Asokan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe United States has not recovered from the effects of the recent housing bubble. Nor is there an optimistic forecast for the future of housing—which is characterized by lack of demand, falling prices, and foreclosures. This is not a problem for other Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries, which are recovering far more quickly. But why is this so? © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
International best practices for MD&A
Authors: Cole Cathy J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is considering whether to endorse international financial reporting standards (IFRSs) or support convergence of US generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) with IFRSs. But it is important for preparers of financial reports to keep this in mind: financial statements are only part of the financial reporting package that investors in many countries have grown to expect. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trapped Excess Cash as a Reporting Challenge
Authors: Le Guyader Louis P. 
Published: October 2015

“Trapped excess cash” can give rise to reporting issues including the quality of earnings, tax reporting, foreign currency reporting, representations about “free cash flow,” and decisions related to investments in marketable securities and the allocation of “trapped excess cash” in corporate split‐ups. Increased vigilance is needed because every new management decision or reporting choice is an opportunity for a moral‐hazard stumble on the slippery slopes of corporate reporting, and after all, here we are dealing with cash—the “liquid” asset.	© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Truly Maximize the ROI of Sales' and Marketing's Expenditures With Demand‐Driven Planning
Authors: Dybvig Alan 
Published: October 2015

This is a follow‐on article to the author's JCAF September/October 2015 article titled “Optimizing the Income Statement With Advanced Analytics to Truly Maximize Profit … and More: Reimaging the Enterprise Master Plan.” (See http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcaf.22082/abstract for a copy.) In it, the author observed that is possible to think of the optimized income Statement (OIS) from a demand standpoint—as an optimized demand‐driven plan (ODDP). This article elaborates on this premise, including: (1) how sales and marketing activities drive demand/forecast as a dependent variable; (2) how an OIS not only truly maximizes profit but also truly maximizes the return on investment (ROI) of sales and marketing expenditures. (As described in the previous article, the OIS proof‐of‐concept model improved ROI between 28% and 158%), (3) how an OIS aligns the entire organization's annual planning effort by driving much closer cross‐functional planning collaboration, particularly between the chief financial officer (CFO) and sales and marketing. This collaboration will take the firm, under the CFO's leadership, to the “next generation” of annual planning, that is, for the first time ever, truly optimized.	© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Dmp1‐SOST Transgene Interacts With and Downregulates the Dmp1‐Cre Transgene and the RosaNotch Allele
Authors: Zanotti Stefano , Canalis Ernesto 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTActivation of Notch1 in osteocytes of RosaNotch mice, where a loxP‐flanked STOP cassette and the Nicd coding sequence were targeted to the reverse orientation splice acceptor (Rosa)26 locus, causes osteopetrosis associated with suppressed Sost expression and enhanced Wnt signaling. To determine whether Sost downregulation mediates the effects of Notch activation in osteocytes, RosaNotch mice were crossed with transgenics expressing Cre recombinase or SOST under the control of the dentin matrix protein (Dmp)1 promoter. Dmp1‐SOST transgenics displayed vertebral osteopenia and a modest femoral cancellous and cortical bone phenotype, whereas hemizygous Dmp1‐Cre transgenics heterozygous for the RosaNotch allele (Dmp1‐Cre;RosaNotch) exhibited osteopetrosis. The phenotype of Notch activation in osteocytes was prevented in Dmp1‐Cre;RosaNotch mice hemizygous for the Dmp1‐SOST transgene. The effect was associated with downregulated Notch signaling and suppressed Dmp1 and Rosa26 expression. To test whether SOST regulates Notch expression in osteocytes, cortical bone cultures from Dmp1‐Cre;RosaNotch mice or from RosaNotch control littermates were exposed to recombinant human SOST. The addition of SOST had only modest effects on Notch target gene mRNA levels and suppressed Dmp1, but not Cre or Rosa26, expression. These findings suggest that prevention of the Dmp1‐Cre;RosaNotch skeletal phenotype by Dmp1‐SOST is not secondary to SOST expression but to interactions among the Dmp1‐SOST and Dmp1‐Cre transgenes and the Rosa26 locus. In conclusion, the Dmp1‐SOST transgene suppresses the expression of the Dmp1‐Cre transgene and of Rosa26. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1222–1232, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resveratrol Increases Anti‐Proliferative Activity of Bestatin Through Downregulating P‐Glycoprotein Expression Via Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in K562/ADR Cells
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Changyuan , Jia Yongming , Liu Zhihao , Shu Xiaohong , Liu Kexin 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTMultidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in the clinical therapy of hematological malignancies. P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) overexpression results in reduction of intracellular drug concentration with a consequence that the cytotoxicity of anti‐tumor drugs is decreased, which leads to MDR in K562/ADR cells. In this study, we found that resveratrol enhanced the anti‐proliferative activity of bestatin in K562/ADR cells. Co‐treatment with resveratrol, IC50 values of bestatin in K562/ADR cells significantly decreased and activation of caspase‐3 and caspase‐8 increased, which indicated that resveratrol potentiated bestatin‐induced apoptosis. Resveratrol increased the intracellular concentration of bestatin through inhibiting P‐gp function and downregulating P‐gp expression at mRNA and protein levels, which increased anti‐proliferative activity of bestatin in K562/ADR cells. Resveratrol decreased the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR but did not affect the phosphorylations of JNK or ERK1/2. These results demonstrated that resveratrol could increase the anti‐proliferative activity of bestatin through downregulating P‐gp expression via suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1233–1239, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relative difference sets, graphs and inequivalence of functions between groups
Authors: Horadam K. J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFor cryptographic purposes, we want to find functions with both low differential uniformity and dissimilarity to all linear functions and to know when such functions are essentially different. For vectorial Boolean functions, extended affine equivalence and the coarser Carlet–Charpin–Zinoviev (CCZ) equivalence are both used to distinguish between nonlinear functions. It remains hard to tell when CCZ equivalent functions are EA‐inequivalent. This paper presents a framework for solving this problem in full generality, for functions between arbitrary finite groups. This common framework is based on relative difference sets (RDSs). The CCZ and EA equivalence classes of perfect nonlinear (PN) functions are each derived, by quite different processes, from equivalence classes of splitting semiregular RDSs. By generalizing these processes, we obtain a much strengthened formula for all the graph equivalences which define the EA equivalence class of a given function, amongst those which define its CCZ equivalence class. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 18: 260–273, 2010
LIFE AFTER SUPPORTED HOUSING: A CASE SERIES OF FORMERLY HOMELESS CLIENTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS‐SUPPORTIVE HOUSING (HUD‐VASH) PROGRAM 20 YEARS LATER
Authors: Tsai Jack , Klee Anne , Remmele John , Harkness Laurie 
Published: October 2015

This article presents a case series of three formerly homeless clients who were in the Housing and Urban Development‐Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (HUD‐VASH) program 20 years ago and describes their progress since. Clients were identified from a 1992 client roster at one of the original HUD‐VASH sites. Clients were interviewed and their medical records were reviewed. The case studies were characterized as “sustained involvement in subsidized housing,” “successful discharge followed by re‐engagement,” and “case management more important than the voucher.” These cases illustrate that, first, long‐term success in supported housing has not been defined, but perhaps social integration and self‐sufficiency should be a focus. Second, mental health and substance abuse treatment appear to be important in long‐term client success, but when and how they should be promoted remains unclear. Last, case management services may represent a crucial and necessary form of support for clients in supported housing programs.
HOW MANY IMPULSIVITIES? A DISCOUNTING PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Green Leonard , Myerson Joel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPeople discount the value of delayed and uncertain outcomes, and how steeply individuals discount is thought to reflect how impulsive they are. From this perspective, steep discounting of delayed outcomes (which fails to maximize long‐term welfare) and shallow discounting of probabilistic outcomes (which fails to adequately take risk into account) reflect the same trait of impulsivity. Despite the fact that a hyperboloid function describes the discounting of both delayed and probabilistic outcomes, there is considerable evidence that the two kinds of discounting involve different processes as well as separate impulsivity traits. Several manipulations differentially affect delay and probability discounting, and correlational studies show that how steeply one discounts delayed rewards is relatively independent of how steeply one discounts probabilistic rewards. Moreover, people's discounting of delayed money and health outcomes are uncorrelated as are discounting of real, consumable rewards and hypothetical money. These results suggest that even within delay discounting, there may be multiple ‘impulsivities,’ each of which may be important for understanding a different aspect of decision making. Taken together, the pattern of findings reviewed here argues for a more nuanced view of impulsivity than that which is usually assumed in discounting research.
SOCIAL DISCOUNTING AND THE PRISONER'S DILEMMA GAME
Authors: Locey Matthew L. , Safin Vasiliy , Rachlin Howard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAltruistic behavior has been defined in economic terms as “…costly acts that confer economic benefits on other individuals” (Fehr & Fischbacher, 2003). In a prisoner's dilemma game, cooperation benefits the group but is costly to the individual (relative to defection), yet a significant number of players choose to cooperate. We propose that people do value rewards to others, albeit at a discounted rate (social discounting), in a manner similar to discounting of delayed rewards (delay discounting). Two experiments opposed the personal benefit from defection to the socially discounted benefit to others from cooperation. The benefit to others was determined from a social discount function relating the individual's subjective value of a reward to another person and the social distance between that individual and the other person. In Experiment 1, the cost of cooperating was held constant while its social benefit was varied in terms of the number of other players, each gaining a fixed, hypothetical amount of money. In Experiment 2, the cost of cooperating was again held constant while the social benefit of cooperating was varied by the hypothetical amount of money earned by a single other player. In both experiments, significantly more participants cooperated when the social benefit was higher.