bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D domain decomposition for violent wave‐ship interactions
Authors: Greco M. , Colicchio G. , Lugni C. , Faltinsen O.M. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYA 3D Domain‐Decomposition (DD) strategy has been developed to deal with violent wave‐ship interactions involving water‐on‐deck and slamming occurrence. It couples a linear potential flow seakeeping solver with a Navier–Stokes method. The latter is applied in an inner domain where slamming, water‐on‐deck, and free surface fragmentation may occur, involving important flow nonlinearities. The field solver combines an approximated projection method with a level set technique for the free surface evolution. A hybrid strategy, combining the Eulerian level set concept to Lagrangian markers, is used to enforce more accurately the body boundary condition in case of high local curvatures. Main features of the weak and the strong coupling algorithms are described with special focus on the boundary conditions for the inner solver. Two ways of estimating the nonlinear loads by the Navier–Stokes method are investigated, on the basis of an extrapolation technique and an interpolation marching cubes algorithm, respectively. The DD is applied for the case of a freely floating patrol ship in head sea regular waves and compared against water‐on‐deck experiments in terms of flow evolution, body motions, and pressure on the hull. Improvement of the solver efficiency and accuracy is suggested. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monotone first‐order weighted schemes for scalar conservation laws
Authors: Jerez Silvia 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this work, we present a monotone first‐order weighted (FORWE) method for scalar conservation laws using a variational formulation. We prove theoretical properties as consistency, monotonicity, and convergence of the proposed scheme for the one‐dimensional (1D) Cauchy problem. These convergence results are extended to multidimensional scalar conservation laws by a dimensional splitting technique. For the validation of the FORWE method, we consider some standard bench‐mark tests of bidimensional and 1D conservation law equations. Finally, we analyze the accuracy of the method with L1 and L∞ error estimates. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
Cranial nerve palsy in diabetes: ‘Hunt’ for the diagnosis
Authors: Meenakshi‐Sundaram S , Karthik SN , Bharathi S , Periyakaruppan A , Badrinarayanan T , Swaminathan K 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA 55‐year‐old diabetic woman presenting with right sixth nerve palsy was diagnosed initially as having diabetic cranial neuropathy. Worsening headache and reported blurring of the right optic disc margin warranted further evaluation. CT scan of the brain was normal and a diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension was made. Her headache worsened and a partial pupil involving third nerve palsy evolved, at which point she was referred to our institution.Cranial MRI revealed features suggestive of Tolosa‐Hunt syndrome and she responded dramatically to steroid therapy. While third nerve palsy is the most common cranial neuropathy in diabetic patients, sixth nerve palsy merits a wide array of differential diagnoses. A gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of the brain is the preferred imaging modality for evaluating such patients, before branding them as having diabetic cranial neuropathy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Impact of family‐oriented rehabilitation and prevention: an inpatient program for mothers with breast cancer and their children
Authors: John Katja , Becker Katja , Mattejat Fritz 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveThis pilot intervention study assessed the impact of a 3‐week inpatient program for mothers with primary breast cancer and their children. The program combined rehabilitative treatment and preventive, psychosocial, child‐centered interventions.MethodsA total of 116 mothers (age 29–57 years, mean = 41.1) with primary, non‐metastasized breast cancer completed standardized questionnaires before (Pre1), at the beginning of (Pre2), and at the end of (Post) a 3‐week inpatient intervention. The standardized scales included mothers' and children's quality of life and children's psychological symptoms. Mothers' emotional functioning and their 116 children's (age 3–14 years, mean = 7.4; 47% female) psychological health and emotional symptoms were defined as primary outcome measures. A within‐subject‐control‐group design was used to compare changes before the intervention (measurements Pre1–Pre2) to changes during the intervention (measurements Pre2–Post) via dependent one‐sided t‐tests. Additional exploratory analyses for further outcome variables were performed.ResultsChanges during the intervention period were significantly greater than changes during the waiting period for all primary outcome measures (mothers' emotional functioning: p < 0.0001; children's psychological health: p = 0.0035; and children's emotional symptoms: p = 0.0005).ConclusionsData suggest that the family‐oriented intervention ‘getting well together’ seems to be beneficial to mothers' and children's quality of life and psychological well‐being. Combining oncological rehabilitation and preventive child‐centered interventions might be a feasible approach to supporting breast cancer patients and their children and improving their emotional state. Further research is warranted. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterisation of the Permafrost Carbon Pool
Authors: Kuhry P. , Grosse G. , Harden J. W. , Hugelius G. , Koven C. D. , Ping C‐L. , Schirrmeister L. , Tarnocai C. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe current estimate of the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool in the northern permafrost region of 1672 Petagrams (Pg) C is much larger than previously reported and needs to be incorporated in global soil carbon (C) inventories. The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon Database (NCSCD), extended to include the range 0–300 cm, is now available online for wider use by the scientific community. An important future aim is to provide quantitative uncertainty ranges for C pool estimates. Recent studies have greatly improved understanding of the regional patterns, landscape distribution and vertical (soil horizon) partitioning of the permafrost C pool in the upper 3 m of soils. However, the deeper C pools in unconsolidated Quaternary deposits need to be better constrained. A general lability classification of the permafrost C pool should be developed to address potential C release upon thaw. The permafrost C pool and its dynamics are beginning to be incorporated into Earth System models, although key periglacial processes such as thermokarst still need to be properly represented to obtain a better quantification of the full permafrost C feedback on global climate change. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bias temperature instability analysis on memory properties improved by hydrogen annealing treatment in Ti/HfOx /Pt capacitors
Authors: Kim Hee‐Dong , Yun Min Ju , Hong Seok Man , An Ho‐Myoung , Kim Tae Geun 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe influence of the hydrogen annealing treatment on the reliability of Ti/HfOx /Pt capacitors is investigated by analyzing bias temperature instability (BTI). As compared to the N2‐annealed sample, in the case of hydrogen‐annealed samples, both the set/reset voltages and currents are reduced from 6.5 V/–1.6 V to 3.8 V/–1.2 V and from 4 mA/170 nA to 800 µA/30 nA at 0.1 V, respectively. Of particular interest is the dramatic reduction in the set voltage variation from 3.3 V to 1.8 V. In addition, in BTI experiments, the current shift at the high resistance state (HRS) is reduced from 1.5 µA to 40 nA under a bias stress of –1 V/1000 s and from 40 µA to 0.5 µA under a temperature stress of 120 °C/1000 s. These results show that the hydrogen annealing treatment is very effective in improving the reliability of RRAM cells because it reduces the leakage current under bias temperature stress. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Superior electric storage in de‐alloyed and anodic oxidized Ti–Ni–Si glassy alloy ribbons
Authors: Fukuhara M. , Yoshida H. , Sato M. , Sugawara K. , Takeuchi T. , Seki I. , Sueyoshi T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTi–Ni–Si glassy alloy supercapacitors, devices that store electric charge on their TiO2 surfaces that contain many nanometer‐sized cavities, display many advantages over other power‐source technologies. The use of de‐alloying and anodic oxidization methods has made possible the synthesis of a TiO2 surface accessible to electron trapping. Until recently, no studies have addressed the “dry” electric storage in light glassy alloys. Our device realizes AC electric storage from 193 to 453 K with a voltage variation from 10 to 150 V, and DC capacitance of ∼4.8 F (∼52.8 kF/cm3), on the basis of electric double layers, deep electronic trapping sites and Shottky barriers. Further gains could be attained with surface optimization.magnified image(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A comparison of two numerical weather prediction methods for diagnosing fast‐physics errors in climate models
Authors: Klocke D. , Rodwell M. J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn important aspect of the assessment of climate models is the representation of fast physical processes, which have a strong impact on climate projections. Since these fast processes also have a strong impact on weather forecasts, there is potential in using numerical weather prediction (NWP)‐based methodologies in climate model assessments.Two NWP‐based methods have been proposed in the literature. The first is referred to as the ‘initial tendency’ approach and assesses the systematic departure in the first few hours of short climate model resolution forecasts from the weather trajectory. For this method, the forecast model needs data assimilation capabilities to create initial conditions consistent with the model physics. The second approach is referred to as the ‘transpose‐AMIP’ method. This makes use of analyses produced with a different forecast model to initiate weather forecasts with a climate model. It is generally recommended that errors are diagnosed after a few forecast days to minimise the impact of the non‐native initial conditions.Here we compare these two methods in one NWP model over the subtropical South Pacific, which encompasses climatologically important regimes and transitions between them. The impact of the non‐native initial conditions is compared with the impact of an error introduced in the convection scheme.Results show that care is needed in the design and evaluation of transpose‐AMIP‐style experiments if model errors are to be disentangled from, at short lead‐times, the initial shock of using non‐native initial conditions and, at longer lead‐times, the complicating effects of interactions and the growth of chaos. On the other hand, the initial tendency approach is able to identify the introduced model error. This provides some evidence that it might be worthwhile for climate centres to explore the use of data assimilation.
Robotic surgery for deep endometriosis: a paradigm shift
Authors: Siesto Gabriele , Ieda Nicoletta , Rosati Riccardo , Vitobello Domenico 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive surgery represents the gold standard for the management of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of robotic surgery for the management of DIE.MethodsA 5‐year retrospective cohort study was made of robotic procedures including: segmental bowel resections, removal of nodules from the rectovaginal septum (RVS) with or without rectal shaving and partial bladder resection.ResultsOverall, 19 bowel resections, 23 removals of RVS nodules and five bladder resections were performed, alone or in combination. Associated posterior vaginal resections were performed in 12 cases. Neither intra‐operative complications, nor conversion to laparotomy occurred. One anastomotic leakage was recorded.ConclusionThis series of robotic procedures for DIE represents the largest currently available and it helps to promote robotics as a safe and attractive alternative to accomplish a comprehensive surgical treatment of DIE, especially when bowel or bladder resections are needed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined MODFLOW‐FRACTRAN Application to Assess Chlorinated Solvent Transport and Remediation in Fractured Sedimentary Rock
Authors: Chapman Steven W. , Parker Beth L. , Cherry John A. , McDonald Shane D. , Goldstein Kenneth J. , Frederick Jeffrey J. , Germain Daniel J. St. , Cutt Diana M. , Williams Charles E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDetailed field investigations and numerical modeling were conducted to evaluate transport and fate of chlorinated solvent contamination in a fractured sedimentary bedrock aquifer (sandstone/siltstone/mudstone) at a Superfund site in central New Jersey. Field investigations provided information on the fractured rock system hydrogeology, including hydraulic gradients, bulk hydraulic conductivity, fracture network, and rock matrix, and on depth discrete contaminant distribution in fractures (via groundwater sampling) and matrix (via detailed subsampling of continuous cores). The numerical modeling endeavor involved application of both an equivalent porous media (EPM) model for flow and a discrete fracture network (DFN) model for transport. This combination of complementary models, informed by appropriate field data, allowed a quantitative representation of the conceptual site model (CSM) to assess relative importance of various processes, and to examine efficacy of remedial alternatives. Modeling progressed in two stages: first a large‐scale (20 km x 25 km domain) 3‐D EPM flow model (MODFLOW) was used to evaluate the bulk groundwater flow system and contaminant transport pathways under historic and current aquifer stress conditions and current stresses. Then, results of the flow model informed a 2‐D DFN transport model (FRACTRAN) to evaluate transport along a 1,000‐m flowpath from the source represented as a 2‐D vertical cross‐section. The combined model results were used to interpret and estimate the current and potential future extent of rock matrix and aqueous‐phase contaminant conditions and evaluate remedial strategies. Results of this study show strong effects of matrix diffusion and other processes on attenuating the plume such that future impacts on downgradient well fields under the hydraulic stresses modeled should be negligible. Results also showed futility of source remediation efforts in the fractured rock, and supported a technical impracticability (TI) waiver for the site. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An In Situ Bioreactor for the Treatment of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Groundwater
Authors: Key Katherine C. , Sublette Kerry L. , Johannes Tyler W. , Raes Eric , Sullivan Edward , Duba James , Ogles Dora , Baldwin Brett R. , Biernacki Anita 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTwo pilot tests of an aerobic in situ bioreactor (ISBR) have been conducted at field sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. The two sites differed with respect to hydrocarbon concentrations. At one site, concentrations were low but persistent, and at the other site concentrations were high enough to be inhibitory to biodegradation. The ISBR unit is designed to enhance biodegradation of hydrocarbons by stimulating indigenous microorganisms. This approach builds on existing Bio‐Sep® bead technology, which provides a matrix that can be rapidly colonized by the active members of the microbial community and serves to concentrate indigenous degraders. Oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the bioreactor to maintain conditions favorable for growth and reproduction, and contaminated groundwater is treated as it is circulated through the bed of Bio‐Sep® beads. Groundwater moving through the system also transports degraders released from Bio‐Sep® beads away from the bioreactor, potentially increasing biodegradation rates throughout the aquifer.Groundwater sampling, Bio‐Traps, and molecular biological tools were used to assess ISBR performance during the two pilot tests. Groundwater monitoring indicated that contaminant concentrations decreased at both sites, and the microbial data suggested that these decreases were due to degradation by indigenous microorganisms rather than dilution or dispersion mechanisms. Taken together, these lines of evidence showed that the ISBR system effectively increased the number and activity of indigenous microbial degraders and enhanced bioremediation at the test sites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effectiveness of Capture Zones Generated by Intermittent Pumping of a PV‐Powered Pump‐and‐Treat System Without Energy Storage
Authors: Lena Yovanna Cortes Di , Elmore Andrew Curtis , Conroy John 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA common technology to remediate and/or contain contaminated groundwater is pump‐and‐treat remediation (P&T). Traditionally, P&T systems have been designed to operate continuously to achieve steady‐state capture zones, for which large amounts of energy are required. Green and sustainable remediation (GSR) is emerging as a viable method to minimize the adverse effects of remediation on the environment. One of the challenges associated with photovoltaic‐ (PV‐) powered P&T systems is the assessment of their performance given the intermittent nature of the power availability. This article characterizes the hydraulic containment effectiveness of a PV‐powered P&T system without energy storage using data collected at two different remediation sites, a Dry‐Cleaning Environmental Response Trust Fund site in Rolla, Missouri, and the Former Nebraska Ordnance Plant near Mead, Nebraska. Additionally, a method to estimate the effectiveness of the hydraulic containment as a function of the total volume of groundwater expected to be extracted is being proposed. Two transient and a continuously pumped capture zones were modeled using Visual MODFLOW® 2012.1 along with MODPATH and compared. The study shows that smaller capture zones will be generated from intermittent pumping when compared to continuous pumping. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Ecological Multidisciplinary Approach to Protecting Society, Human Health, and the Environment at Nuclear Facilities
Authors: Burger Joanna , Gochfeld Michael , Clarke James , Powers Charles W. , Kosson David 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAs the United States and other countries move toward a greater reliance on nuclear energy, it becomes increasingly important to characterize the environment around such facilities to protect society, human health, and the environment. This article presents an ecological, multidisciplinary approach to gathering the information needed to establish baselines, site new nuclear facilities, protect existing nuclear facilities and nuclear wastes, improve the basis for emergency planning, devise suitable monitoring schemes to ensure continued protection, provide data to track local and regional response changes, and provide for mitigation, remediation, and decommissioning planning. We suggest that there are five categories of information or data needs: (1) geophysical, sources, fate and transport; (2) biological systems; (3) human health; (4) stakeholder and environmental justice; and (5) societal, economic, and political. All of these categories are influenced by temporal and spatial patterns, vulnerabilities, and global changes. These informational needs are more expansive than the traditional site characterization but encompass a suite of physical, biological, and societal needs to protect all aspects of human health and the environment, not just physical health. We suggest that technical teams be established for each of the major informational categories, with appropriate representation among teams and with a broad involvement of a range of governmental personnel, natural and social scientists, Native Americans, environmental justice communities, and other stakeholders. Although designed for nuclear facilities, the templates and information teams can be adapted for other hazardous facilities. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetic Targeting of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Internalized Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Landázuri Natalia , Tong Sheng , Suo Jin , Joseph Giji , Weiss Daiana , Sutcliffe Diane J. , Giddens Don P. , Bao Gang , Taylor W. Robert 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCell therapies offer exciting new opportunities for effectively treating many human diseases. However, delivery of therapeutic cells by intravenous injection, while convenient, relies on the relatively inefficient process of homing of cells to sites of injury. To address this limitation, a novel strategy has been developed to load cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs), and to attract them to specific sites within the body by applying an external magnetic field. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), which may have a significant potential for regenerative cell therapies due to their ease of isolation from autologous tissues, and their ability to differentiate into various lineages and modulate their paracrine activity in response to the microenvironment. The efficient loading of hMSCs with polyethylene glycol‐coated SPIOs is achieved, and it is found that SPIOs are localized primarily in secondary lysosomes of hMSCs and are not toxic to the cells. Further, the key stem cell characteristics, including the immunophenotype of hMSCs and their ability to differentiate, are not altered by SPIO loading. Through both experimentation and mathematical modeling, it is shown that, under applied magnetic field gradients, SPIO‐containing cells can be localized both in vitro and in vivo. The results suggest that, by loading SPIOs into hMSCs and applying appropriate magnetic field gradients, it is possible to target hMSCs to particular vascular networks.
Density functional tight binding: application to organic and biological molecules
Authors: Gaus Michael , Cui Qiang , Elstner Marcus 
Published: June 2013

In this work, we review recent extensions of the density functional tight binding (DFTB) methodology and its application to organic and biological molecules. DFTB denotes a class of computational models derived from density functional theory (DFT) using a Taylor expansion around a reference density. The first‐ and second‐order models, DFTB1 and DFTB2, have been reviewed recently (WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2012, 2:456–465). Here, we discuss the extension to third order, DFTB3, which in combination with a modification of the Coulomb interactions in the second‐order formalism and a new parametrization scheme leads to a significant improvement of the overall performance. The performance of DFTB2 and DFTB3 for organic and biological molecules are discussed in detail, as well as problems and limitations of the underlying approximations. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2014, 4:49–61. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1156This article is categorized under:

Electronic Structure Theory > Semiempirical Electronic Structure Methods