bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stock control in a many depot system
Authors: Brenner J. L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe chief problems considered are: (1) In a parallel set of warehouses, how should stocks be allocated? (2) In a system consisting of a central warehouse and several subsidiary warehouses, how much stock should be carried in each? The demands may have known, or unknown, distribution functions. For problem (1), the i‐th stock ni should usually be allocated in proportion to the i‐th demand mi; in special cases, a significant improvement is embodied in the formula (N = total allocable stock)magnified image.For problem (2), the article gives specific bounds on intensity of demand, for deciding when an item in low demand should be stocked at a central rather than a branch warehouse.
Single machine sequencing with random processing times and random due‐dates
Authors: Crabill Thomas B. , Maxwell William L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA single machine scheduling problem in which both the processing times and due‐dates of the jobs awaiting servicing are random variables is analyzed. It is proved that the properties of the shortest processing time rule and the due‐date rule which are known for the deterministic situation also hold in the probabilistic environment when they are suitably, and reasonably, refined for this context.
A diffusion model for the control of a multipurpose reservoir system
Authors: Zuckerman Dror 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper develops a methodology for optimizing operation of a multipurpose reservoir with a finite capacity V. The input of water into the reservoir is a Wiener process with positive drift. There are n purposes for which water is demanded. Water may be released from the reservoir at any rate, and the release rate can be increased or decreased instantaneously with zero cost. In addition to the reservoir, a supplementary source of water can supply an unlimited amount of water demanded during any period of time. There is a cost of Ci dollars per unit of demand supplied by the supplementary source to the ith purpose (i = 1, 2, …, n). At any time, the demand rate Ri associated with the ith purpose (i = 1, 2, …, n) must be supplied. A controller must continually decide the amount of water to be supplied by the reservoir for each purpose, while the remaining demand will be supplied through the supplementary source with the appropriate costs. We consider the problem of specifying an output policy which minimizes the long run average cost per unit time.
Computation techniques for large scale undiscounted markov decision processes
Authors: Hodgson Thom J. , Koehler Gary J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this paper we consider computation techniques associated with the optimization of large scale Markov decision processes. Markov decision processes and the successive approximation procedure of White are described. Then a procedure for scaling continuous time and renewal processes so that they are amenable to the White procedure is discussed. The effect of the scale factor value on the convergence rate of the procedure and insights into proper scale factor selection are given.
Structure‐based barcoding of proteins
Authors: Metri Rahul , Jerath Gaurav , Kailas Govind , Gacche Nitin , Pal Adityabarna , Ramakrishnan Vibin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA reduced representation in the format of a barcode has been developed to provide an overview of the topological nature of a given protein structure from 3D coordinate file. The molecular structure of a protein coordinate file from Protein Data Bank is first expressed in terms of an alpha‐numero code and further converted to a barcode image. The barcode representation can be used to compare and contrast different proteins based on their structure. The utility of this method has been exemplified by comparing structural barcodes of proteins that belong to same fold family, and across different folds. In addition to this, we have attempted to provide an illustration to (i) the structural changes often seen in a given protein molecule upon interaction with ligands and (ii) Modifications in overall topology of a given protein during evolution. The program is fully downloadable from the website http://www.iitg.ac.in/probar/.
Generation of iPSCs from Genetically Corrected Brca2 Hypomorphic Cells: Implications in Cell Reprogramming and Stem Cell Therapy
Authors: Navarro S. , Moleiro V. , Molina-Estevez F.J. , Lozano M.L. , Chinchon R. , Almarza E. , Quintana-Bustamante O. , Mostoslavsky G. , Maetzig T. , Galla M. , Heinz N. , Schiedlmeier B. , Torres Y. , Modlich U. , Samper E. , Río P. , Segovia J.C. , Raya A. , Güenechea G. , Izpisua-Belmonte J.C. , Bueren Juan A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a complex genetic disease associated with a defective DNA repair pathway known as the FA pathway. In contrast to many other FA proteins, BRCA2 participates downstream in this pathway and has a critical role in homology-directed recombination (HDR). In our current studies, we have observed an extremely low reprogramming efficiency in cells with a hypomorphic mutation in Brca2 (Brca2Δ27/Δ27), that was associated with increased apoptosis and defective generation of nuclear RAD51 foci during the reprogramming process. Gene complementation facilitated the generation of Brca2Δ27/Δ27 induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with a disease-free FA phenotype. Karyotype analyses and comparative genome hybridization arrays of complemented Brca2Δ27/Δ27 iPSCs showed, however, the presence of different genetic alterations in these cells, most of which were not evident in their parental Brca2Δ27/Δ27 mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Gene-corrected Brca2Δ27/Δ27 iPSCs could be differentiated in vitro toward the hematopoietic lineage, although with a more limited efficacy than WT iPSCs or mouse embryonic stem cells, and did not engraft in irradiated Brca2Δ27/Δ27 recipients. Our results are consistent with previous studies proposing that HDR is critical for cell reprogramming and demonstrate that reprogramming defects characteristic of Brca2 mutant cells can be efficiently overcome by gene complementation. Finally, based on analysis of the phenotype, genetic stability, and hematopoietic differentiation potential of gene-corrected Brca2Δ27/Δ27 iPSCs, achievements and limitations in the application of current reprogramming approaches in hematopoietic stem cell therapy are also discussed. Stem Cells 2014;32:436–446
Medical students’ and teachers’ perceptions of sexual misconduct in the
student–teacher relationship
Authors: Dekker Hanke , Snoek Jos W. , Scho¨nrock-Adema Johanna , Cohen-Schotanus J. , Van der Molen Thys 
Published: October 2013

Teachers are important role models for the development of professional behaviour
of young trainee doctors. Unfortunately, sometimes they show unprofessional behaviour.
To address misconduct in teaching, it is important to determine where the thresholds lie
when it comes to inappropriate behaviours in student–teacher encounters. We explored to
what extent students and teachers perceive certain behaviours as misconduct or as sexual
harassment. We designed—with a reference group—five written vignettes describing
inappropriate behaviours in the student–teacher relationship. Clinical students
(n = 1,195) and faculty of eight different hospitals (n = 1,497) were invited to rate to
what extent they perceived each vignette as misconduct or sexual harassment. Data were
analyzed using t tests and Pearson’s correlations. In total 643 students (54 %) and 551
teachers (37 %) responded. All vignettes were consistently considered more as misconduct
than as actual sexual harassment. At an individual level, respondents differed largely
as to whether they perceived an incident as misconduct or sexual harassment. Comparison
between groups showed that teachers’ and students’ perceptions on three vignettes
differed significantly, although the direction differed. Male students were more lenient
towards certain behaviours than female students. To conclude, perceptions of misconduct
and sexual harassment are not univocal. We recommend making students and teachers aware
that the boundaries of others may not be the same as their own.
White matter hyperintensities and cognitive performance in adult patients with bipolar I, bipolar II, and major depressive disorders
Authors: Kieseppä T. , Mäntylä R. , Tuulio-Henriksson A. , Luoma K. , Mantere O. , Ketokivi M. , Holma M. , Jylhä P. , Melartin T. , Suominen K. , Vuorilehto M. , Isometsä E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPurpose:We evaluate for the first time the associations of brain white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with neuropsychological variables among middle-aged bipolar I (BPI), II (BPII) and major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and controls using a path model.Methods:Thirteen BPI, 15 BPII, 16 MDD patients, and 21 controls underwent brain MRI and a neuropsychological examination. Two experienced neuroradiologists evaluated WMHs on the MRI scans. We constructed structural equation models to test the strength of the associations between deep WMH (DWMH) grade, neuropsychological performance and diagnostic group.Results:Belonging in the BPI group as opposed to the control group predicted higher DWMH grade (coefficient estimate 1.13,P= 0.012). The DWMH grade independently predicted worse performance on the Visual Span Forward test (coefficient estimate −0.48,P= 0.002). Group effects of BPI and MDD were significant in predicting poorer performance on the Digit Symbol test (coefficient estimate −5.57,P= 0.016 and coefficient estimate −5.66,P= 0.034, respectively).Limitations:Because of the small number of study subjects in groups, the negative results must be considered with caution.Conclusions:Only BPI patients had an increased risk for DWMHs. DWMHs were independently associated with deficits in visual attention.
Magnetic parameter variations in the Chaona loess/paleosol sequences in the central Chinese Loess Plateau, and their significance for the middle Pleistocene climate transition
Authors: Song Yougui , Fang Xiaomin , King John W. , Li Jijun , Naoto Ishikawa , An Zhisheng 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA high-resolution rock magnetic investigation was performed on the Chaona Quaternary loess/paleosol sequences in the Central Chinese Loess Plateau. Based on a newly developed independent unturned time scale and magnetic records, we reconstructed the history of the East Asia monsoons during the last 3 Ma and explored the middle Pleistocene climate transition (MPT). Rock magnetic results show that the loess layers are characterized by relatively high coercivity and remanent coercivity, lower magnetic susceptibility (MS), and that the paleosol layers are characterized by relatively high MS, saturation magnetization and remanent saturation magnetization. Spectrum analyses indicate that there are various periods in addition to orbital periodicities. According to the onset and stable appearance of 100 kyr period, we consider that the MPT recorded in this section began at ~ 1.26 Ma and was completed by ~ 0.53 Ma, which differs from previous investigations based on orbitally tuned time scales. The forcing mechanism for the MPT was more complicated than just the orbital forcing. We conclude that the rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau may have played an important role in the shift of periodicities during the middle Pleistocene.
Congenital cholesteatoma in siblings
Authors: Landegger L D , Cohen M S 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntroduction:The exact aetiology of congenital cholesteatoma, the less common form of this destructive disease, is still under debate.Case report:A two-year-old boy was referred to paediatric otolaryngology with persistent, bloody, left-sided otorrhoea refractory to oral and ototopical antibiotics. Prior to its onset at age 16 months, all ear examinations on the affected side were normal. Physical examination, imaging with computed tomography and eventual tympanomastoidectomy revealed extensive cholesteatoma. The extent of the disease, age at onset of symptoms and absence of otological disease before initial presentation suggested the diagnosis of congenital cholesteatoma. Review of the family history revealed that the patient's older brother had undergone tympanomastoidectomy for a small, well-encapsulated, mesotympanic congenital cholesteatoma at two years of age.Discussion:This case joins a single, previous report describing congenital cholesteatoma in multiple family members, suggesting that in some cases, hereditary factors may play a role in the formation of the disease.
The Liberalisation of the German Social Model: Public–Private Pension Reform in Germany since 2001
Authors: BRIDGEN PAUL , MEYER TRAUTE 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSome commentators view reforms to the German political economy since the 1990s as constituting a broad liberalisation of a previously coordinated market economy (e.g., Streeck, 2009). Others argue that by maintaining protection for core workers the reforms represent a dualisation rather than liberalisation (e.g., Palier and Thelen, 2010). This debate has paid little attention to public–private pension reform since 2001. This paper argues that pensions have been a crucial component of the German social model since 1957 and demonstrates why comprehensive analysis of its development must consider them. After summarising how public and occupational pensions have supported core German workers since 1957, the paper calculates core workers’ projected net pensions and those of less privileged employees before and after recent reforms. On this basis, it concludes that pension reforms have created a system more characteristic of a liberal than a dualised political economy. Since the reform, the projected pensions of today's young workers are closer to the poverty line, and the gap between the projected benefits of core and peripheral workers has narrowed. Increasingly, as young core workers age, they will thus have less incentive to invest in employer specific skills, a development that threatens the model as a whole.
Mycobacterial bone marrow infections at a medical centre in Taiwan, 2001–2009
Authors: LIN S.-H. , LAI C.-C. , HUANG S.-H. , HUNG C.-C. , HSUEH P.-R. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYMycobacterial bone marrow (BM) infection is the most common diagnosis established by BM examinations for fever of unknown origin. In this study, clinical features and outcomes of patients who fulfilled the criteria for BM infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) at a medical centre in Taiwan from 2001 to 2009 were investigated. The BM histopathological findings were also analysed. A total of 24 patients (16 men, eight women) with mycobacterial BM infections were found. Of these, nine (38%) were positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and six (25%) had no pre-existing immunocompromised conditions. MTB isolates were obtained from 11 (46%) patients and NTM species were isolated from 10 (42%) patients, including M. avium complex (MAC, n = 7) and M. kansasii (n = 3). Patients with MTB infections were significantly older than those with NTM infections (60·5 vs. 47·7 years, P = 0·043) and were less likely to have a positive BM culture (45% vs. 100%, P = 0·012). The 90-day survival rates for MTB and NTM BM infections were 68% and 60%, respectively (P = 0·61). In addition, the presence of BM granulomas was significantly more common in patients with MTB BM infections than in those with NTM infections (82% vs. 30%, P = 0·030). In Taiwan, the importance of NTM was not inferior to MTB and besides MAC, M. kansasii might be an important pathogen in non-HIV-infected patients. The presence of BM granulomas and caseation provides valuable information regarding early treatment pending culture results.
Modular verification of preemptive OS kernels
Authors: GOTSMAN ALEXEY , YANG HONGSEOK 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMost major OS kernels today run on multiprocessor systems and are preemptive: it is possible for a process running in the kernel mode to get descheduled. Existing modular techniques for verifying concurrent code are not directly applicable in this setting: they rely on scheduling being implemented correctly, and in a preemptive kernel, the correctness of the scheduler is interdependent with the correctness of the code it schedules. This interdependency is even stronger in mainstream kernels, such as those of Linux, FreeBSD or Mac OS X, where the scheduler and processes interact in complex ways. We propose the first logic that is able to decompose the verification of preemptive multiprocessor kernel code into verifying the scheduler and the rest of the kernel separately, even in the presence of complex interdependencies between the two components. The logic hides the manipulation of control by the scheduler when reasoning about preemptable code and soundly inherits proof rules from concurrent separation logic to verify it thread-modularly. We illustrate the power of our logic by verifying an example scheduler, which includes some of the key features of the scheduler from Linux 2.6.11 challenging for verification.
A Neolithic Site Near Thetford
Authors: Hewitt H. Dixon 
Published: October 2013

This site is in the parish of Thetford S. Peter, near Two-Mile Bottom. It is distinct from that described by Mr. F. N. Haward last year, being on the other (eastern) side of the Thetford-Mundford road and of the G.E.R., and somewhat north of the Vitriol and Manure Works. The implement types, too, differ greatly.In 1906 I obtained one or two scrapers in the roadside belt adjoining the site on the west. Southwards the land dips down to the little valley which probably gave the name to Two-Mile Bottom, but the characteristic flakes of the site seem to thin out directly the slope becomes definite; and what flakes there are, are of more recent type and condition. From this low level site came several harpoon barbs in Mr. H. H. Halls' collection, and a barbed arrowhead and many other implements found by Mr. W. G. Clarke. The site is thus on a slight plateau about 80 ft. above O.D., and about 60 ft. above the river. Northward it is very indefinitely bounded, as flakes and implements are strewn about on the open breck and among the furze and bracken for a quarter of a mile or more, but the more characteristic patinas seem soon to disappear.
Recent Excavations at Grime's Graves
Authors: Peake A. E. 
Published: October 2013

I have chosen for the subject of my address a description of the excavations carried out at Grime's Graves by Mr. A. Leslie Armstrong and myself in the autumn of 1915. The work consisted in the digging over of four new floors, a description of which will form the main part of my paper. We also re-examined the mass of material left on three of the older floors excavated in 1914, viz., 3, 4, and 13, and devoted some time to searching the field which lies to the west of the plantation, which, in spite of many years' examination, still yields quantities of new implements. I have included, too, a description of some of the implements from a zone near Botany Bay, from which, in 1914, I obtained a number of pieces. This station lies about a mile on the Brandon side of the plantation, and is probably the ploughed-over site of some pits of similar date.Owing to the kindness of some members of the Society, viz., Messrs. W. G. Clarke, H. H. Halls, R. H. Chandler, and the Rev. H. G. O. Kendall, I have been able to figure and describe a number of fine implements which clearly belong to the same culture—found either on the field or on the surface of the Graves, and these, together with various specimens found on these spots by Mr. Armstrong and myself, are dealt with separately.
Grime's Graves: Floors 47 to 59
Authors: Kendall H. G. O. 
Published: October 2013

By the very kind permission of the owners, I was enabled to carry out the excavation of some “floors” at Grime's Graves, in June and July, 1919, with some friends.At the same time Mr. D. Richardson was clearing the remarkable site which he discovered in the North Field.The centre of Floor 52 was fifty paces N.E. of the corner of the West Field, and fourteen from the edge of the cart track north of the wood. Twenty yards N.W. of the said centre was Floor 47, nearer to the cart track coming up out of the valley, and with comparatively small flakes and cores, of poor quality. The facets are short, deep, and wide, like those on an implement of the Chelles Period. The shapes of the cores differ from the true Grime's Graves type. At Floor 51 Mr. W. G. Clarke rightly pointed out that these traits were, in part, due to the fact that wall-stone was used. Only in part, however, for floor-stone was also used, as examination showed. The chipped flints in the outer part of Floor 47 lay in the lower part of the humus, 9 ins. below the surface.
Further Researches in the Forest Bed of Cromer, Norfolk
Authors: Moir J. Reid 
Published: October 2013

During 1926 and 1927 my researches under the auspices of the Percy Sladen Trustees were continued upon the Cromer coast of Norfolk, and a quantity of additional evidence relating to the archæological contents of the Forest Bed obtained. The remarkable spreads of flints exposed at low tide upon the foreshore at Cromer, East Runton, West Runton, and Sheringham were again examined, while the Estuarine Beds and the Upper Freshwater Bed of the Forest Bed Series received also some amount of attention.I have to record my thanks to Messrs. J. P. T. Burchell, H. H. Halls, Guy Maynard, and J. E. Sainty for valuable help during these researches.The further examination of the large spreads of flint present upon the foreshore at Cromer, East Runton, West Runton, and Sheringham has yielded many new and interesting facts regarding them. These spreads all rest upon the chalk, which along the coast-line between Cromer and Sheringham is exposed in places at low tide. Moreover, though differing in extent, they all present, to the casual observer, a very similar appearance, and are without doubt at the present time being subjected to closely similar physical conditions.
Efficacy and safety of selegiline transdermal system (STS) for the atypical subtype of major depressive disorder: pooled analysis of 5 short-term, placebo-controlled trials
Authors: Pae Chi-Un , Patkar Ashwin A. , Jang Saeheon , Portland Kimberly B. , Jung Sungwon , Nelson J. Craig 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveThe objective of the present study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of the selegiline transdermal system (STS) in major depressive disorder (MDD) with atypical features.MethodsThis was a post-hoc analysis of 5 short-term trials. The atypical subtype was defined as the presence of at least 1 item with a score of 2 or greater from items 22–26 on the 28-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-28), and a maximum score of 1 point for items 6 (insomnia late), 12 (somatic symptoms, gastrointestinal), and 16 (loss of weight) to exclude vegetative features of melancholic depression. The mean changes of HAMD-28 total score from baseline to the endpoint (response rate defined as ≥50% reduction in HAMD-28 scores and remission rate defined as ≤10 HAMD-28 total score at the treatment endpoint) were compared between atypical and nonatypical groups.ResultsIn this analysis, 352 subjects (STS = 168 vs placebo = 184) met the definition of atypical subtype at baseline. STS (n = 641) significantly decreased HAMD-28 total score compared with placebo (n = 648) from beginning to end of treatment (–10.7 ± 9.3 vs –9.4 ± 9.3; p = 0.014). STS showed comparable efficacy in patients with the atypical subtype compared with the nonatypical subtype for placebo-subtracted mean change in HAMD-28 total score (–2.11 ± 1.01 vs. –1.0 ± 0.60; p = 0.34), odds ratio (OR) for response (1.41 vs 1.23, p = 0.62), and OR for remission (1.77 vs 1.18, p = 0.22).ConclusionSTS appears to be comparably efficacious and tolerable in atypical and nonatypical subtypes of MDD. Adequately powered, controlled, clinical trials are necessary to confirm our findings.