bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of interleukin 6 levels on acute lung injury risk and disease severity in critically ill sepsis patients
Authors: Liu Ya , Chen Li 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by a dysregulation of the host response to infection that can lead to acute lung injury (ALI) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and its complications.
AIM
To investigate the relationship among plasma IL-6 levels, risk of ALI, and disease severity in critically ill patients with sepsis.
METHODS
This prospective and observational study was conducted in the intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital between January 2021 and December 2022. A total of 83 septic patients were enrolled. Plasma IL-6 levels were measured upon admission using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The development of ALI and MODS was monitored during hospitalization. Disease severity was evaluated by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores.
RESULTS
Among the 83 patients with sepsis, 38 (45.8%) developed ALI and 29 (34.9%) developed MODS. Plasma IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients who developed ALI than in those without ALI (median: 125.6 pg/mL vs 48.3 pg/mL; P < 0.001). Similarly, patients with MODS had higher IL-6 levels than those without MODS (median: 142.9 pg/mL vs 58.7 pg/mL; P < 0.001). Plasma IL-6 levels were strongly and positively correlated with APACHE II (r = 0.72; P < 0.001) and SOFA scores (r = 0.68; P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Elevated plasma IL-6 levels in critically ill patients with sepsis were associated with an increased risk of ALI and MODS. Higher IL-6 levels were correlated with greater disease severity, as reflected by higher APACHE II and SOFA scores. These findings suggest that IL-6 may serve as a biomarker for predicting the development of ALI and disease severity in patients with sepsis.
Endobronchial metastasis secondary to renal clear cell carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Xie Tian-Hao , Fu Yan , Ha Si-Ning , Meng Qing-Xu , Sun Qian , Wang Pan 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Endobronchial metastases (EBMs) are tumours that metastasise from a malignant tumour outside the lungs to the central and subsegmental bronchi, and are visible under a bronchofibrescope. Most EBMs are formed by direct invasion or metastasis of intrathoracic malignant tumours, such as lung cancer, oesophageal cancer or mediastinum tumours. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), accounting for 2% to 3% of all tumours, is a common malignant tumour of the urinary system. Renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC) constitutes the predominant pathological subtype of RCC, comprising approximately 70% to 80% of all RCC cases. RCCC can spread and metastasise through arterial, venous and lymphatic circulation to almost all organs of the body. Moreover, lung, bone, liver, brain and local recurrence are the most common metastatic neoplasms of RCCC. However, EBM from RCCC has a low complication rate and is often misdiagnosed as primary lung cancer.
CASE SUMMARY
A 71-year-old male patient who had undergone radical left nephrectomy 7 years prior due to RCCC was referred to our hospital due to a 1-mo history of productive cough. The results of an enhanced chest CT scan indicated the presence of a soft tissue nodule in the upper lobe of the left lung, and flexible bronchoscopy revealed a hypervascular lesion in the bronchus of the left lung's superior lobe. Therefore, the patient underwent thoracoscopic left superior lobe wedge resection, and pathology confirmed EBM from the RCCC.
CONCLUSION
EBM from RCCC has a low incidence and no characteristic clinical manifestations in the early stage. If a bronchial tumour is found in a patient with RCCC, the possibility of bronchial metastatic cancer should be considered.
Exercise prescription for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in primary care: Protocol of the RedExAP study
Authors: Saz-Lara Alicia , Martínez Hortelano José Alberto , Medrano María , Luengo-González Raquel , Miguel Miriam Garrido , García-Sastre Montserrat , Recio-Rodriguez José Ignacio , Lozano-Cuesta Daniel , Cavero-Redondo Iván 
Published: July 2024

Background
Existing evidence supports the effectiveness of exercise in preventing and treating chronic diseases, yet its integration into clinical practice remains limited. This study protocol aims to address the evidence-practice gap by exploring barriers to exercise prescription in primary care and developing a clinical practice guideline (CPG).

Methods
Employing a qualitative approach, focus groups will be conducted to investigate primary care professionals’ challenges in prescribing exercise and patients’ adherence to recommendations. Phenomenological analysis will facilitate data interpretation. Data triangulation, expert analysis, and quality criteria will ensure study reliability. The CPG development process is outlined, emphasizing transdisciplinary collaboration and patient involvement.

Conclusion
The RedExAP study responds to the imperative for evidence-based exercise integration in primary care. The study’s combined qualitative exploration and CPG development present the potential to improve health outcomes and cost-effectiveness. By elucidating primary care professionals’ and patients’ perspectives, the study contributes to enhancing exercise prescription adoption. The innovative transdisciplinary approach aligns with the 2030 Agenda, promoting better population health and greater social well-being, showing promise in alleviating chronic disease burdens. This study’s findings lay the groundwork for advancing evidence-based exercise interventions within primary care to transform chronic disease management.
The impact of the Drug Marketing Authorization Holder system on sustainable improvement of innovation quality in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in China—An empirical study using synthetic control methods
Authors: Liu Qiang , Wang Su , Huang Zhe 
Published: July 2024

Background
In November 2015, China launched a pilot program for its Drug Marketing Authorization Holder (MAH) system, aiming to integrate production and research and development resources to spur drug innovation. While many scholars have examined the theoretical relationship between the MAH system and pharmaceutical manufacturing innovation, empirical studies have been scarce.

Methods
This study uses inter-provincial panel data on China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry from 2009 to 2019, along with synthetic control methods, to offer a robust analysis of the impact of the MAH paradigm on innovation quality in pilot provinces. We treat the 2015 MAH system implementation in ten provinces as a natural experiment and account for the mediating effects of R&D investments, allowing us to discern the underlying mechanisms.

Results
Our findings demonstrate a significant positive effect of China’s MAH system on innovation quality in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. Specifically, the system is most effective in Jiangsu, Guangdong, and Shandong provinces. We also identify R&D investments as playing a mediating role in facilitating the favorable impact of the MAH system on innovation quality.

Conclusion
Our study highlights the crucial importance of the MAH system in promoting innovation quality in China’s pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, providing vital empirical support for its adoption and further enhancement. This research also offers practical insights for policymakers and R&D decision-makers in the pharmaceutical sector.
Developing the digital transformation skills framework: A systematic literature review approach
Authors: Bouwmans Machiel , Lub Xander , Orlowski Marissa , Nguyen Thuy-Vy 
Published: July 2024

Background
Digital transformation (DT) involves integrating digital technologies into organizations to improve productivity, efficiency, and quality. Investing in the workforce’s skillsets is essential for successful DT. However, it remains unclear which skillsets are essential.

Objectives
This study aims to identify and define the essential skillsets needed for exploiting the full potential of DT, and to consolidate the identified skills into a comprehensive framework of DT skills.

Method
A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA approach for selecting studies. This led to the selection of 36 articles that were examined using thematic analysis for identifying and consolidating skills into a framework.

Results
The Digital Transformation Skills Framework (DTSF) was developed, which contains six overarching skillsets and 44 underlying skills. The framework covers key skillsets in the areas of digital work, entrepreneurship, evidence-based work, collaboration, communication, and adaptation.

Conclusion and discussion
The DTSF offers a comprehensive understanding of essential skills for today’s evolving organizations, addressing a critical gap in existing literature. It is valuable for organizations and HR professionals, serving as a foundation for re- and upskilling initiatives. Ongoing research should expand the framework to include domain-specific DT skills and emerging digital technologies.
Hospital services utilisation and cost before and after COVID-19 hospital treatment: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Rizal Muhammad Fikru , Hafidz Firdaus , Kusila Gilbert Renardi , Aisyiah Wan , Revelino Dedy , Dhanalvin Erzan , Oktavia Ayunda , Ilyasa  , Jaya Citra , Saut Benjamin , Ruby Mahlil 
Published: July 2024

Objective
To estimate hospital services utilisation and cost among the Indonesian population enrolled in the National Health Insurance (NHI) program before and after COVID-19 hospital treatment.

Methods
28,159 Indonesian NHI enrolees treated with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in hospitals between May and August 2020 were compared to 8,995 individuals never diagnosed with COVID-19 in 2020. A difference-in-difference approach is used to contrast the monthly all-cause utilisation rate and total claims of hospital services between these two groups. A period of nine months before and three to six months after hospital treatment were included in the analysis.

Results
A substantial short-term increase in hospital services utilisation and cost before and after COVID-19 treatment was observed. Using the fifth month before treatment as the reference period, we observed an increased outpatient visits rate in 1–3 calendar months before and up to 2–4 months after treatment (p<0.001) among the COVID-19 group compared to the comparison group. We also found a higher admissions rate in 1–2 months before and one month after treatment (p<0.001). Consequently, increased hospital costs were observed in 1–3 calendar months before and 1–4 calendar months after the treatment (p<0.001). The elevated hospital resource utilisation was more prominent among individuals older than 40. Overall, no substantial increase in hospital outpatient visits, admissions, and costs beyond four months after and five months before COVID-19 treatment.

Conclusion
Individuals with COVID-19 who required hospital treatment had considerably higher healthcare resource utilisation in the short-term, before and after the treatment. These findings indicated that the total cost of treating COVID-19 patients might include the pre- and post-acute period.
Manual toothbrushing techniques for plaque removal and the prevention of gingivitis—A systematic review with network meta-analysis
Authors: Deinzer Renate , Weik Ulrike , Eidenhardt Zdenka , Leufkens Daniel , Sälzer Sonja 
Published: July 2024

Background
The meaning of the toothbrushing technique for the effectivity of toothbrushing in terms of plaque removal and parameters of gingivitis is unknown. This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods
We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Web of Science for RCTs that compared any self-applied manual toothbrushing technique to any other technique or control and assessed plaque after toothbrushing and gingivitis. Where intervention effects were recorded repeatedly, the last post-intervention assessment was treated as the primary outcome date (POD), and the assessment closest to the intervention as the secondary outcome date (SOD). Age restrictions were not imposed. Participants with fixed orthodontic appliances were excluded. The evidence was evaluated using the Confidence in Network Meta-Analyses (CINeMA) approach, which is based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results
Thirteen publications, including 15 studies, were identified. Ten studies assessing the Fones, Bass, and Scrub techniques provided data eligible for the NMA. The confidence rating of the evidence varied from very low to high in the case of plaque, and from very low to low in the case of gingivitis. Regarding PODs, Fones probably reduces plaque slightly compared with no training; the evidence is very uncertain that Fones may have little to no effect on gingivitis. Bass may result in little to no difference in plaque; the evidence that Bass may result in a slight increase in gingivitis is very uncertain. The evidence is very uncertain that Scrub may result in little to no difference in plaque at the SOD (no POD-data available) and that it may result in a slight increase in gingivitis.

Conclusion
There is limited evidence regarding the effects of toothbrushing techniques on plaque after brushing or gingivitis.
Associations between cardiovascular health and female infertility: A national population-based study
Authors: Luo Meiyan , Li Jianshu , Xiao Xiangjun , Wu Ping , Zhang Ya 
Published: July 2024

Objective
This study investigates the relationship between cardiovascular health (CVH), as quantified by the American Heart Association’s Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) metric, and female infertility, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2013–2018.

Methods
We encompassed females aged 20–49 years and above from the NHANES in this cross-sectional analysis. We assessed CVH using the LE8 score, encompassing eight domains: dietary pattern, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep duration, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, and blood pressure levels. Logistic regression models were applied to explore the association between CVH scores and reported infertility, adjusting for potential confounders including age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.

Results
Findings revealed a notable inverse association between CVH scores (per 10 scores) and female infertility [OR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.90–0.96], Participants with higher CVH levels were 41% less likely to had female infertility compared to those with lower levels [OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.41–0.84]. Higher overall CVH scores, particularly in physical activity, BMI, and blood glucose, were associated with lower odds of infertility. This trend remained consistent across various demographic subgroups.

Conclusion
Our findings underscore the significance of maintaining optimal cardiovascular health, as evidenced by higher LE8 scores, in mitigating the risk of female infertility. These insights advocate for the integration of CVH improvement strategies within the broader framework of reproductive health care, emphasizing the dual benefits of cardiovascular and reproductive health optimization.
High-intensity focused ultrasound ablation combined with immunotherapy for treating liver metastases: A prospective non-randomized trial
Authors: Yang Xiyue , Liao Yao , Fan Lingli , Lin Binwei , Li Jie , Wu Danfeng , Liao Dongbiao , Yuan Li , Liu Jihui , Gao Feng , Feng Gang , Du Xiaobo 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Given the unique features of the liver, it is necessary to combine immunotherapy with other therapies to improve its efficacy in patients of advanced cancer with liver metastases (LM). High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation is now widely used in clinical practice and can enhanced immune benefits. The study is intended to prospectively evaluate the safety and clinical feasibility of HIFU ablation in combination with systemic immunotherapy for patients with liver metastases.

Methods
The study enrolled 14 patients with LM who received ultrasound-guided HIFU ablation combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1 agents manufactured in China) at Mianyang Central Hospital. Patients were followed up for adverse events (AEs) during the trial, using the CommonTerminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0(CTCAE v5.0) as the standard. Tumour response after treatment was assessed using computerized tomography.

Results
The 14 patients (age range, 35–84 years) underwent HIFU ablation at 19 metastatic sites and systemic immunotherapy. The mean lesion volume was 179.9 cm3 (maximum: 733.1 cm3). Median follow-up for this trial was 9 months (range: 3–21) months. The study is clinically feasible and acceptable to patients.

Conclusion
This prospective study confirmed that HIFU combined with immunotherapy is clinically feasible and safe for treating liver metastases.
Exploratory analysis of choriocapillaris vasculature as a biomarker of idiopathic epiretinal membrane
Authors: Kim Gee-Hyun , Lee Jiho , Park Young-Hoon 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
To investigate the preoperative choriocapillaris perfusion (CCP) as a biomarker in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM).

Materials and methods
28 patients (28 eyes) with unilateral iERM who received pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling were included for retrospective observational study. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography (OCTA) was performed before and after PPV. Area, perimeter, and circularity of superficial foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were analyzed preoperatively in both eyes using OCTA. Preoperative CCP was also analyzed with binarized en-face OCTA images. Measurements of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness (CFT) by OCT were conducted at the baseline and 6 months following the surgery. The correlations of preoperative OCT parameters with postoperative BCVA and CFT reduction were analyzed.

Results
CCP was significantly lower (p < 0.001) and FAZ had shrunk (p < 0.001) in eyes with iERM compared to unaffected fellow eyes before surgery. BCVA and CFT became significantly improved after surgery (p = 0.001, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that preoperative CCP was significantly related with BCVA improvement (β = 0.185, p = 0.005), postoperative BCVA (β = 0.108, p = 0.023) and ratio of post- to preoperative CFT (β = 0.106, p = 0.044).

Conclusions
Preoperative CCP is a biomarker for poor functional and anatomical prognosis after surgery in iERM.
La modernidad en el rock argentino: la música de L. A. Spinetta
Authors: Rodríguez Edgardo J. 
Published: July 2024

El trabajo sostiene que la música de L. A. Spinetta representa en el marco del rock argentino la tendencia modernista históricamente más relevante. Para fundamentar y ejemplificar esa idea se analizan varios fragmentos de canciones pertenecientes a los discos Artaud (1973), El jardín de los presentes (1976), A 18’del sol (1977) y Alma de diamante (1980). Se investigan aspectos relacionados con el lenguaje armónico y las estructuras métrica y melódica. Con respecto al lenguaje armónico se ha logrado caracterizar un proceso de desfuncionalización de los acordes y enlaces debido a la coocurrencia de los siguientes factores: el debilitamiento sistemático del ciclo de quintas como rector de la conducción local de acordes; el desarrollo de una lógica armónica posicional ligada al despliegue acórdico en la guitarra; y, por último, la aparición recurrente de disposiciones armónicas cuartales.
Por su parte, hemos caracterizado el aspecto métrico de acuerdo con los siguientes tópicos: el uso sistemático de irregularidades métricas en el nivel del tactus encausadas, la mayoría de las veces, en regularidades hipermétricas notables, y menos frecuentemente, en irregularidades métricas irreductibles a esquemas regulares hipermétricos.
Por último, el análisis melódico ha detectado algunos ejemplos de forma oración en las estructuras melódicas. Nuestro escrito sugiere que el carácter asimétrico típico de la forma oración, opuesta a la simetría que define a la forma período, podría ir en fase con otros aspectos de las estructuras de Spinetta, como por ejemplo, las irregularidades métricas ya apuntadas.
Celerative: the encoding of speed in verbal morphology
Authors: Jacques Guillaume 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
While speed is a secondary parameter in some associated motion systems, some languages have verbal affixes dedicated to the encoding of speed – celerative markers. Celeratives can encode both quick and slow speed and are in some languages even the main or the sole way of expressing this meaning. However, some morphemes not only encode speed, but also other types of action manner, in particular hurry or suddenness, following colexification patterns also observed in the lexicon crosslinguistically. This paper provides a first overview of this category in the world’s languages, and more generally suggests that action manner constitutes a set of comparative concepts that can be be encoded morphologically.
Towards a typology of specificational constructions
Authors: Logvinova Natalia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The present work is devoted to the syntax of specificational constructions with proper names within a typological perspective. The provided typology is based on the results obtained from the analysis of grammar descriptions and available corpus data for 94 languages. The paper discusses the morphosyntactic means that languages use to express specification, namely juxtaposition, attribution, and other less common strategies. It is shown that juxtapositional and attributive strategies are in competition in many of the sampled languages, so that certain expressions (for example, specificational constructions with the common noun ‘city’) prefer attributive-like coding, while others (especially constructions including personal names) show a clear tendency for juxtapositional coding cross-linguistically. Evidence from languages using an attributive strategy in specificational constructions shows that the common noun is generally the syntactic head of the construction. This conclusion contributes to the wide-scale discussion of the semantic grounds for headedness in specificational constructions. In addition, the paper shows that languages tend to place common nouns before personal proper names regardless of the word order used in specificational constructions with toponyms. This, as predicted, is correlated with the relative ordering of the head noun and its genitival dependent. The results of the present study also show that the constituent ordering in constructions with personal names implicationally depends on the order in constructions with toponyms.