bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of chlorpyrifos on life cycle parameters, cytochrome P450S expression, and antioxidant systems in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus
Authors: Kim Ryeo-Ok , Kim Bo-Mi , Jeong Chang-Bum , Lee Jae-Seong , Rhee Jae-Sung 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Chlorpyrifos is a widely used organophosphorus insecticide for controlling diverse insect pests of crops. In the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus, population growth retardation with the inhibition of lifespan, fecundity, and individual body size of ovigerous females was shown over 10 d in response to chlorpyrifos exposure. At the molecular and biochemical levels, the rotifer B. koreanus defensome, composed of cytochrome P450 complements, heat shock protein 70, and antioxidant enzymatic systems (i.e., glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase), was significantly induced in response to different concentrations of chlorpyrifos. Thus, chlorpyrifos strongly induced a defensome system to mitigate the deleterious effects of chlorpyrifos at in vivo and in vitro levels as a trade-off in fitness costs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1449–1457. © 2015 SETAC
Modulated CMOS camera for fluorescence lifetime microscopy
Authors: Chen Hongtao , Holst Gerhard , Gratton Enrico 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWidefield frequency‐domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD‐FLIM) is a fast and accurate method to measure the fluorescence lifetime of entire images. However, the complexity and high costs involved in construction of such a system limit the extensive use of this technique. PCO AG recently released the first luminescence lifetime imaging camera based on a high frequency modulated CMOS image sensor, QMFLIM2. Here we tested and provide operational procedures to calibrate the camera and to improve the accuracy using corrections necessary for image analysis. With its flexible input/output options, we are able to use a modulated laser diode or a 20 MHz pulsed white supercontinuum laser as the light source. The output of the camera consists of a stack of modulated images that can be analyzed by the SimFCS software using the phasor approach. The nonuniform system response across the image sensor must be calibrated at the pixel level. This pixel calibration is crucial and needed for every camera settings, e.g. modulation frequency and exposure time. A significant dependency of the modulation signal on the intensity was also observed and hence an additional calibration is needed for each pixel depending on the pixel intensity level. These corrections are important not only for the fundamental frequency, but also for the higher harmonics when using the pulsed supercontinuum laser. With these post data acquisition corrections, the PCO CMOS‐FLIM camera can be used for various biomedical applications requiring a large frame and high speed acquisition. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:1075–1081, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Micromorphological characterization of zinc/silver particle composite coatings
Authors: Méndez Alia , Reyes Yolanda , Trejo Gabriel , StĘpień Krzysztof , Ţălu Ştefan 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the three‐dimensional (3D) surface micromorphology of zinc/silver particles (Zn/AgPs) composite coatings with antibacterial activity prepared using an electrodeposition technique. These 3D nanostructures were investigated over square areas of 5 μm × 5 μm by atomic force microscopy (AFM), fractal, and wavelet analysis. The fractal analysis of 3D surface roughness revealed that (Zn/AgPs) composite coatings have fractal geometry. Triangulation method, based on the linear interpolation type, applied for AFM data was employed in order to characterise the surfaces topographically (in amplitude, spatial distribution and pattern of surface characteristics). The surface fractal dimension Df, as well as height values distribution have been determined for the 3D nanostructure surfaces. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:1082–1089, 2015. © 2015 The Authors published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resin luting materials: Tissue response in dog's teeth
Authors: Bezzon Osvaldo L. , Rivera Daniella S. H. , Silva Raquel A. B. , Oliveira Daniela S. B. , Silva‐herzog Daniel , Nelson‐filho Paulo , lucisano Marília P. , Silva Léa A. B. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate radiographically and histologically the pulpal and periapical response to self‐adhesive (Rely X™ Unicem) and self‐etching and self‐curing (Multilink®) resin‐based luting materials in deep cavities in dogs' teeth. Deep class V cavities (0.5‐mm–thick dentin) were prepared in 60 canine premolars and the following materials were applied on cavity floor: Groups I/V—RelyX™ Unicem; Groups II/VI—Multilink®; Groups III/VII—zinc phosphate cement (control) and; Groups IV/VIII—gutta‐percha (control). Cavities were restored with silver amalgam. Animals were euthanized after 10 days (groups I–IV) and 90 days (groups V–VIII). Tooth/bone blocks were radiographed and processed for histopathological evaluation of pulp and periapical tissue response to the materials. All materials presented similar histopathological features and radiographic findings at both periods. The pulp tissue was intact. The apical and periapical regions and periodontal ligament thickness were normal. No inflammatory cells, resorption of mineralized tissue (dentin, cementum, and alveolar bone) or bacteria were observed. The lamina dura was intact and no areas of periapical bone rarefaction or internal/external root resorption were observed radiographically. It can be concluded that Rely X™ Unicem and Multilink®caused no adverse tissue reactions and may be indicated for cementation of indirect restorations in deep dentin cavities without pulp exposure.Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:1098–1103, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contact fault characterisation of complex silicon solar cells: a guideline based on current voltage characteristics and luminescence imaging
Authors: Padilla Milan , Reichel Christian , Hagedorn Nikolaus , Fell Andreas , Keding Roman , Michl Bernhard , Kasemann Martin , Warta Wilhelm , Schubert Martin C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHighest efficiency solar cells in industrial and R&D environments are increasingly sensitive to local performance limiting processing faults, which are best characterised by spatially resolved characterisation techniques. This work contains a discussion on the processing faults related to contact resistance and finger interruptions in interdigitated back contact silicon solar cells, which are prime example for a complex cell structure. Using experimental and simulated current–voltage measurements and luminescence images, we explore the strongly non‐linear effect of poor local contact resistances on the global series resistance, fill factor, short circuit current density and efficiency. A good agreement between global and spatially resolved characterisation of faults is found, and potential artefacts are discussed. In conclusion, we present seven cases of contacting faults in interdigitated back contact cells with distinct characteristics that can be identified using a flow chart of experiments. The resulting guideline should assist silicon solar cell manufacturers in localising and quantifying local contacting faults that reduce the cells efficiency in manufacturing of complex solar cells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrathymic and other anomalous courses of the left brachiocephalic vein in the fetus
Authors: Karl K. , Sinkovskaya E. , Abuhamad A. , Chaoui R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe left brachiocephalic vein (LBCV), or innominate vein, connects the left jugular vein to the right superior vena cava. Its course is posterior to the thymus and directly anterior and superior to the aortic arch. Pediatric and adult cardiology studies have reported on the subaortic or retrotracheal courses of the LBCV and the presence of double LBCV. We observed recently in the fetus that the LBCV may have a course through the thymus (intrathymic) or be absent in the presence of a left superior vena cava. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of isolated intrathymic and absent LBCV in normal fetuses undergoing second‐trimester ultrasound screening, as well as the prevalence of other courses in association with cardiac anomalies.MethodsIn the prospective part of this study, consecutive second‐trimester ultrasound examinations were evaluated to assess the presence and course of the fetal LBCV. In the retrospective case–control part of this study, the databases of two fetal medicine centers were reviewed for cardiac anomalies and the pattern and prevalence of anomalous courses of the LBCV were reported.ResultsOne thousand four hundred and eighteen consecutive fetuses were examined prospectively. An intrathymic course of the LBCV with a typical bent shape was found in 1.76% (1 : 57) of cases and the absence of a LBCV in association with a persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC) was found in 0.28% (1 : 350). All fetuses with an isolated intrathymic course or absence of the LBCV had a normal outcome. Over a period of 4.5 years, a total of 1544 fetuses with cardiac malformations were reviewed at two centers. Among these, an anomalous course of the LBCV was noted in eight (0.5%) cases: six subaortic, one retrotracheal and one double LBCV.ConclusionAn intrathymic LBCV is a common condition and appears to be a normal variant in the fetus. The prevalence of a LSVC in our screening population was similar to that reported in previous studies. Anomalous courses of the LBCV are seen occasionally in cases with cardiac malformation. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Thallium‐201 is comparable to technetium‐99m‐sestamibi for estimating cardiac function in patients with abnormal myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors: Wu Ming‐Che , Tsai Cheng‐Ting , Lin Hui‐Chun , Sun Fang‐Ju , Lin Ku‐Hung 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe analyzed the left‐ventricular functional data obtained by cardiac‐gated single‐photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with thallium‐201 (Tl‐201) and technetium‐99m‐sestamibi (MIBI) protocols in different groups of patients, and compared the data between Tl‐201 and MIBI. Two hundred and seventy‐two patients undergoing dipyridamole stress/redistribution Tl‐201 MPI and 563 patients undergoing 1‐day rest/dipyridamole stress MIBI MPI were included. Higher mean stress ejection fraction (EF), rest EF, and change in EF (ΔEF) were noticed in the normal MPI groups by both Tl‐201 and MIBI protocols. Higher mean EF was observed in the females with normal MPI results despite their higher mean age. Comparisons between the Tl‐201 and MIBI groups suggested a significant difference in all functional parameters, except for the rest end diastolic volume/end systolic volume and ΔEF between groups with negative MPI results. For the positive MPI groups, there was no significant difference in all parameters, except for the change in end diastolic volume and change in end systolic volume after stress between both protocols. The Tl‐201 provides comparable left‐ventricular functional data to MIBI cardiac‐gated single‐photon emission computed tomography in patients with positive MPI results, and may therefore be undertaken routinely for incremental functional information that is especially valuable to this patient group.
How much can lack of marketability affect private equity fund values?
Authors: Buchner Axel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper derives an upper bound on the discounts for lack of marketability of private equity funds using option‐pricing theory. The upper bound is a function of the volatility of the fund returns, of the (remaining) lifetime of the fund, of two parameters governing the speed of capital drawdowns and distributions, of the volatility of the stock market returns, and of the return correlation between the fund and the stock market. The model calibration and numerical analysis deliver several novel insights about how non‐marketability affects the value: (i) upper boundary discounts are increasing functions of the return volatility of the fund, of the return volatility of the stock market, and of the average time over which a dollar committed remains invested in the fund; (ii) upper boundary discounts decrease non‐linearly over the finite lifetime of a fund; (iii) estimated upper boundary discounts at the start of an average private equity fund equal $35.3 relative to $100 committed, which corresponds to an annual upper boundary return premium demanded for lack of marketability of around 7%; and (iv) estimated upper boundary discounts of venture and buyout funds are around the same magnitude, though, discounts of venture capital funds are slightly higher.
Early Language Intervention Using Distance Video-Teleconferencing: A Pilot Study of Young Boys With Fragile X Syndrome and Their Mothers
Authors: McDuffie Andrea , Oakes Ashley , Machalicek Wendy , Ma Monica , Bullard Lauren , Nelson Sarah , Abbeduto Leonard 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
This study examined the effects of a naturalistic parent-implemented language intervention on the use of verbally responsive language by mothers of 6 young boys with fragile X syndrome. The intervention included parent education sessions and clinician coaching delivered onsite and by distance video-teleconferencing.

Method
A single-case multiple baseline across participants was used to examine intervention effects on maternal use of language support strategies. A nonparametric analysis was used to evaluate the relative effectiveness of onsite compared with distance coaching sessions.

Results
Mothers increased their use of utterances that followed into their child's focus of attention and prompted child communication acts. Intervention effects were not observed for maternal contingent responses to child communication, possibly due to the limited number of spontaneous communication acts children produced. Children showed moderate increases in the use of prompted communication acts, whereas intervention effects on spontaneous communication acts were more modest and variable. Comparable increases in maternal strategy use were observed during onsite and distance sessions.

Conclusions
No previous study has examined a distance-delivered parent-implemented language intervention for young boys with fragile X syndrome. Mothers were able to increase their use of verbally responsive language. Intervention efficacy might be enhanced by incorporating an augmentative and alternative communication device for some children and a more concerted focus on increasing the frequency of child communication acts. Findings provide preliminary support for the efficacy of the distance delivery format.
Health-related quality of life and psychological functioning in patients with primary malignant brain tumors: a systematic review of clinical, demographic and mental health factors
Authors: Baker Paul D. , Bambrough Jacki , Fox John R. E. , Kyle Simon D. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background
The impact of primary malignant brain tumors on patient quality of life and psychological functioning is poorly understood, limiting the development of an evidence base for supportive interventions. We conducted a thorough systematic review and quality appraisal of the relevant literature to identify correlates of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychological functioning (depression, anxiety and distress) in adults with primary malignant brain tumors.

Method
Twenty-three articles met predefined inclusion criteria from a pool of peer-reviewed literature published between January 1984 and July 2015 (N = 2407). Methodological quality of included studies was assessed using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results
The overall methodological quality of the literature was moderate. Factors relating consistently with HRQoL and/or psychological functioning were cognitive impairment, corticosteroid use, current or previous mental health difficulties, fatigue, functional impairment, performance status and motor impairment.

Conclusions
Practitioners should remain alert to the presence of these factors as they may indicate patients at greater risk of poor HRQoL and psychological functioning. Attention should be directed towards improving patients' psychological functioning and maximizing functional independence to promote HRQoL. We outline several areas of future research with emphasis on improved methodological rigor.
Number density distribution of near-infrared sources on a sub-degree scale in the Galactic center: Comparison with the Fe xxv Kα line at 6.7 keV
Authors: Yasui Kazuki , Nishiyama Shogo , Yoshikawa Tatsuhito , Nagatomo Schun , Uchiyama Hideki , Tsuru Takeshi Go , Koyama Katsuji , Tamura Motohide , Kwon Jungmi , Sugitani Koji , Schödel Rainer , Nagata Tetsuya 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The stellar distribution derived from an H- and KS-band survey of the central region of our Galaxy is compared with the Fe xxv Kα (6.7 keV) line intensity observed with the Suzaku satellite. The survey is for the galactic coordinates |l| ≲ 3$_{.}^{\circ}$0 and |b | ≲ 1$_{.}^{\circ}$0 (equivalent to 0.8 kpc × 0.3 kpc for R⊙ = 8 kpc), and the number-density distribution N(KS,0; l, b) of stars is derived by using the extinction-corrected magnitude KS,0 = 10.5. This is deep enough to probe the old red-giant population and in turn to estimate the (l, b) distribution of faint X-ray point sources such as coronally active binaries and cataclysmic variables. In the Galactic plane (b = 0°), N(10.5; l, b) increases in the direction of the Galactic center as |l|−0.30±0.03 in the range of − 0$_{.}^{\circ}$1 ≥ l ≥ − 0$_{.}^{\circ}$7, but this increase is significantly slower than the increase (|l|−0.44±0.02) of the Fe xxv Kα line intensity. If normalized with the ratios in the outer region 1$_{.}^{\circ}$5 ≤ |l| ≤ 2$_{.}^{\circ}$8, where faint X-ray point sources are argued to dominate the diffuse Galactic X-ray ridge emission, the excess of the Fe xxv Kα line intensity over the stellar number density is at least a factor of two at |l| = 0$_{.}^{\circ}$1. This indicates that a significant part of the Galactic-center diffuse emission arises from a truly diffuse optically thin thermal plasma, and not from an unresolved collection of faint X-ray point sources related to the old stellar population.
Nurses’ Experiences in Safe Handling of Chemotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Chen Hai-chiao , Lu Zxy-yann Jane , Lee Shu-Hui 
Published: October 2015

Background:
Nurses are the least compliant with the guidelines for use of personal protective equipment (PPE) among health professionals. While the literature regarding nurses not following the guidelines focuses on nonuse of PPE, the experiences of using PPE from nurses’ perspectives have not been examined.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to explore the concerns of nurses regarding their decision to use or not to use PPE in the cultural context of Taiwan.

Methods:
An ethnographic design was used, and ethnographic interviews of 57 nurses working with chemotherapy for more than 2 years were conducted. The participating nurses were observed in 2 accredited medical centers with oncology care teams in Taiwan. The constant comparison method was applied for data analysis, and cultural themes were generated from all transcripts.

Results:
Wearing PPE was identified as an obstacle to professional image and performance. Nurses transformed safety into efficiency and prioritized social roles over professional roles. Experienced nurses, as insiders, believed that they have gained clinical wisdom to avoid occupational exposure to chemotherapy toxicity.

Conclusions:
This study explored the characteristics of clinical wisdom regarding PPE use in the context of Taiwanese chemotherapy care. Perceived professional image, efficiency on the job, PPE cost, and hospital rules influenced the use or nonuse of PPE by oncology care nurses.

Implications for Practice:
Acceptable nurse-patient ratios and refraining from chemotherapy toxicity exposure for pregnant and breast-feeding women are advocated for policy making. The experiential expertise of nurses should be shared as credible evidence in developing guidelines.
Structural investigation of mMNi(II) complex isomers using transmission XAFS: the significance of model development
Authors: Islam M. Tauhidul , Chantler Christopher T. , Cheah Mun Hon , Tantau Lachlan J. , Tran Chanh Q. , Best Stephen P. 
Published: October 2015

High-accuracy transmission XAFS determined using the hybrid technique has been used to refine the geometries of bis(N-n-propyl-salicylaldiminato) nickel(II) (n-pr Ni) and bis(N-i-propyl-salicylaldiminato) nickel(II) (i-pr Ni) complexes which have approximately square planar and tetrahedral metal coordination. Multiple-scattering formalisms embedded inFEFFwere used for XAFS modelling of the complexes. Here it is shown that anIFEFFIT-like package using weighting from experimental uncertainty converges to a well defined XAFS model. Structural refinement of (i-pr Ni) was found to yield a distorted tetrahedral geometry providing an excellent fit, χr2= 2.94. The structure of (n-pr Ni) is best modelled with a distorted square planar geometry, χr2= 3.27. This study demonstrates the insight that can be obtained from the propagation of uncertainty in XAFS analysis and the consequent confidence which can be obtained in hypothesis testing and in analysis of alternate structuresab initio. It also demonstrates the limitations of this (or any other) data set by defining the point at which signal becomes embedded in noise or amplified uncertainty, and hence can justify the use of a particulark-range for one data set or a different range for another. It is demonstrated that, with careful attention to data collection, including the correction of systematic errors with statistical analysis of uncertainty (the hybrid method), it is possible to obtain reliable structural information from dilute solutions using transmission XAFS data.