bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Physical Activity and Insomnia Symptoms in Rural Communities of Southeastern Missouri, Tennessee, and Arkansas
Authors: Chang Jen Jen , Pien Grace W. , Stamatakis Katherine A. , Brownson Ross C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine whether physical activity is associated with less insomnia symptoms in the rural communities.MethodsThis study used cross‐sectional data collected from a 2005 telephone survey for evaluation of a community walking trails intervention to promote physical activity in rural communities including 6 communities in the Missouri Ozark region and 6 communities in Arkansas and Tennessee (n = 1,234). The exposure variable is self‐reported regular current physical activity. The outcome includes symptoms of insomnia operationalized as having trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, and waking up too early nearly every day. Logistic regression was used to calculate prevalence odds ratios (PORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).FindingsThe study sample includes mostly white (95%), married (62%), overweight/obese (61%) women with a high school degree and a mean age of 54. Fourteen percent of participants reported having insomnia symptoms. Self‐report of currently being physically active regularly was associated with decreased odds of insomnia symptoms (adjusted POR: .37; 95% CI, 0.14−0.99) among participants with under or normal body weight, after controlling for age, gender, education level, marital status, and chronic diseases. There was also a negative linear correlation between the number of days and total minutes of vigorous physical activity and insomnia symptoms.ConclusionsIn these rural communities, we observed a significant relationship between regular physical activity and decreased insomnia symptoms.
Sensory and Consumer Perception of the Addition of Grape Seed Extracts in Cookies
Authors: Davidov‐Pardo G. , Moreno M. , Arozarena I. , Marín‐Arroyo M.R. , Bleibaum R.N. , Bruhn C. M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract:  The aim of this study was to understand sensory and instrumental similarities and differences among an array of cookies made with bulk and microencapsulated grape seed extract (GSE) and then to determine how these differences impact consumer acceptance. Total of 4 types of cookies (control, enriched with bulk GSE, and enriched with 2 different microencapsulated GSE) were evaluated by instrumental analyses, a sensory trained panel using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA®) methodology, and a consumer acceptance test that included a usage and attitude survey. The addition of GSE resulted in darker brown cookies; microencapsulation partially masked the color that the GSE conferred to the cookies. The cookies with the microencapsulated GSE showed a significant higher antioxidant activity, microencapsulation may have reduced the GSE heat degradation. The QDA® trained panelists found the enriched cookies to be more astringent and with aromas and flavors similar to whole grains flours. Consumers rated the control cookie and 1 GSE encapsulated cookie at parity; they were equally well liked (P > 0.05). When provided with information, nearly 60% of consumers stated that they were willing to purchase cookies enriched with antioxidants. This high positive percentage may increase if consumers received more education on the health benefits of antioxidant consumption.Practical Application:  Grape seed extracts (GSE) have beneficial effects on human health such as prevention of damages caused by free radicals, prevention of cardiovascular diseases and cancer, but they also have a bitter and astringent flavor, as well as instability to heat. The flavor and instability represent a challenge to incorporate GSE as functional ingredients in food products. Microencapsulation could protect the GSE and mask their flavor, and represents a possible solution to these inconveniences. Cookies are candidates for the addition of GSE as functional ingredients, because they are a popular bakery item widely consumed by nearly all levels of society.
Tracking prospecting movements involved in breeding habitat selection: insights, pitfalls and perspectives
Authors: Ponchon Aurore , Grémillet David , Doligez Blandine , Chambert Thierry , Tveraa Torkild , González‐Solís Jacob , Boulinier Thierry 
Published: November 2012

SummaryProspecting allows individuals to gather information on the local quality of potential future breeding sites. In a variable and heterogeneous environment, it plays a major role in breeding habitat selection and potentially helps individuals make optimal dispersal decisions. Although prospecting movements, involving visits to other breeding sites, have been observed in many species at relatively fine spatial scales, little is known about their occurrence at larger scales. Furthermore, the adaptive value of dispersal strategies in response to environmental changes remains poorly investigated.Here, our main objective is to highlight in what ways tracking devices could constitute powerful tools to study prospecting behaviour at various spatial scales. First, we stress the importance of considering prospecting movements involved in breeding habitat selection and we detail the type of data that can be collected. Then, we review the advantages and constraints associated with the use of tracking devices in this context, and we suggest new perspectives to investigate the behavioural strategies adopted by individuals during breeding habitat selection processes and dispersal decisions.The rapid development of new powerful electronic tools for tracking individual behaviour thus opens a wide range of opportunities. More specifically, it may allow a more thorough understanding of the role of scale‐dependent dispersal behaviour in population responses to environmental changes.
A stepwise‐selected spline approximation to time‐varying parameters, with application to occupancy modelling
Authors: Thorson James T. , Zhou Shijie , Punt André E. , Smith Anthony D. M. 
Published: November 2012

Summary

Many population dynamics models and common software packages, including for capture–mark–recapture, occupancy and catch‐at‐age models, are estimable using parameters that are either constant for all years or vary annually.

We develop a spline approximation to time‐varying parameters, which includes the constant or annually varying case as two extremes, where the Akaike Information Criterion is used to select an appropriate degree of smoothness, ranging from change in every year to no change at all. Simulation modelling is used to evaluate the performance of this method relative to constant, annually varying, or random‐effect parameter estimates when applied to an occupancy model that simultaneously estimates abundance and detectability in multiple sampling strata. We also demonstrate this method by approximating time‐varying abundance using 25 years of detection/non‐detection data for 42 Chondrichthyes species off northern Australia.

Simulation modelling indicates that the stepwise‐spline approximation results in lower estimation errors for the proportion of abundance in each stratum, regardless of sample sizes, the underlying form for time‐varying abundance and the inclusion of unmodelled process errors.

Applied to the Chondrichthyes data from northern Australia, the spline approximation identifies temporal variability in abundance for 34 of 42 species, and an annually varying model is never selected.

We recommend this stepwise‐spline approximation in cases where a decision is necessary between constant or annually varying forms for an estimated parameter. Possible applications include occupancy, capture–mark–recapture, catch‐at‐age and index standardization models.
Phase Transition Behavior and Large Piezoelectricity Near the Morphotropic Phase Boundary of Lead‐Free (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 Ceramics
Authors: Tian Ye , Wei Lingling , Chao Xiaolian , Liu Zonghuai , Yang Zupei 
Published: November 2012

The phase transition behavior and piezoelectric properties of (Ba1−xCax)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 and (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(ZryTi1−y)O3 ceramics were investigated in this work to find out the potential factors contributing to large piezoelectricity. It was found that the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 ceramics was closely related to the presence of an intermediate phase (considered as orthorhombic phase in this work) between rhombohedral (R) and tetragonal (T) phases at a narrow region, which could be carefully adjusted by the temperature and contents of Ca and Zr in the composition. In addition, the maximum piezoelectric and electromechanical coupling coefficients (with d33 = 572 pC/N and kp = 0.57) were observed near the MPB region close to T phase side, which might be intimately related to the presence of the intermediate phase. This investigation yielded a new sight to understand the mechanism of enhanced piezoelectricity near the MPB.
0.40% Bipolar Strain in Lead Free BNT–KNN System Modified with Li,Ta and Sb
Authors: Singh Amrita , Chatterjee Ratnamala 
Published: November 2012

In this work we demonstrate a large electric field‐induced bipolar strain ~0.40% in Li, Ta and Sb modified BNT–KNN ((1−x) Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–xK0.47Na0.47Li0.06 Nb0.74Sb0.06Ta0.2O3) system. The morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of the system between rhombohedral and tetragonal phases lies in the range 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.06, beyond which all compositions (up to x < 0.15) were found to be tetragonal. A clear trade‐off between the large strain values and achievable d33, kp for a particular composition was noted. It is shown that while for x = 0.03, d33 169 pC/N, kp 49% and strain ~0.13% were obtained, for x = 0.08 with 0.40% strain, d33 and kp values decreased drastically.
Preparation of Nickel Ferrite–Copper Composite by Pressureless Infiltration
Authors: Tao Yuqiang , Li Zhiyou , Zhang Lei , Gan Xueping , Zhou Kechao 
Published: November 2012

Pressureless infiltration was used to prepare a dense Cu/NiFe2O4–10NiO composite with interlocking microstructure. The results showed that the addition of Cu2O in Cu could improve the wettability between Cu and NiFe2O4. The metallic phase content and densification of the resulting composite were 34 wt% and 99.2%, respectively. The resulting composite had a flexural strength of 200 ± 20 MPa, a room‐temperature thermal diffusivity of 0.12 cm2/s, and an electrical conductivity of 1503 S/cm at 900°C.
Dual origin, development, and fate of bovine pancreatic islets
Authors: Merkwitz Claudia , Lochhead Paul , Böttger Jan , Matz‐Soja Madlen , Sakurai Michiharu , Gebhardt Rolf , Ricken Albert M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEndocrine cells are evident at an early stage in bovine pancreatic development when the pancreas still consists of primitive epithelial cords. At this stage, the endocrine cells are interspersed between the precursor cells destined to form the ductulo‐acinar trees of later exocrine lobules. We here demonstrate that, in bovine fetuses of crown rump length ≥ 11 cm, the endocrine cells become increasingly segregated from the developing exocrine pancreas by assembly into two units that differ in histogenesis, architecture, and fate. Small numbers of ‘perilobular giant islets’ are distinguishable from larger numbers of ‘intralobular small islets’. The two types of islets arise in parallel from the ends of the ductal tree. Aside from differences in number, location, and size, the giant and small islets differ in cellular composition (predominantly insulin‐synthesising cells vs. mixtures of endocrine cells), morphology (epithelial trabeculae with gyriform and rosette‐like appearance vs. compact circular arrangements of endocrine cells), and in their relationships to intrapancreatic ganglia and nerves. A further difference becomes apparent during the antenatal period; while the ‘interlobular small islets’ persist in the pancreata of calves and adult cattle, the perilobular giant islets are subject to regression, characterised by involution of the parenchyma, extensive haemorrhage, leukocyte infiltration (myeloid and T‐cells) and progressive fibrotic replacement. In conclusion, epithelial precursor cells of the ductolo‐acinar tree may give rise to populations of pancreatic islets with different histomorphology, cellular composition and fates. This should be taken into account when using these cells for the generation of pancreatic islets for transplantation therapy.
The attitudes of undergraduate nursing students towards mental health nursing: a systematic review
Authors: Happell Brenda , Gaskin Cadeyrn J 
Published: November 2012

Aims and objectivesTo present the findings of a systematic review on (1) the attitudes of undergraduate nursing students towards mental health nursing and (2) the influence of undergraduate nursing education on the attitudes of undergraduate nursing students towards mental health nursing.BackgroundRecruitment and retention of mental health nurses is challenging. Undergraduate nursing students' attitudes towards mental health nursing may influence whether they choose to practice in this specialty upon graduation.DesignA systematic review.MethodSearches of the CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO electronic databases returned 1400 records, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria for this review. A further four papers were obtained through scanning the reference lists of those articles included from the initial literature search.ResultsResearch on the attitudes of undergraduate nursing students towards mental health nursing has consistently shown that mental health is one of the least preferred areas of nursing for a potential career. With respect to the influence of undergraduate nursing education on the attitudes of students towards mental health nursing, quasi‐experimental studies have generally demonstrated that students tended to have more favourable attitudes towards mental health nursing when they had received more hours of theoretical preparation and undertaken longer clinical placements.ConclusionMany nursing students regard mental health nursing as the least preferred career option. Education, via classroom teaching and clinical placements, seems to engender more positive attitudes towards mental health nursing. There is no evidence, however, that changing student attitudes results in more graduates beginning careers in mental health nursing.Reference to clinical practiceThe constancy of negative attitudes to mental health nursing over time suggests the focus of research should shift. Clinicians have the capacity to promote a more positive view of mental health nursing. This requires further exploration.
Can the Augmented Solow Model with Migration Explain the Italian Internal Brain Drain?
Authors: Piras Romano 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe extend the Dolado et al. (1994) model to both inflows and outflows of migrants and assume that they have a human capital endowment that contributes to increase/decrease the stock of human capital in the receiving/sending economy. We derive the conditional convergence equation in which the impact of migration flows on the growth rate is disentangled in a pure quantity effect and in a quality or composition effect of immigration and emigration rates that accounts for the relative human capital endowment of migrants with respect to resident population. Next, we test the model with Italian regional data for the 1970–2005 time period. We find that the model provides a good explanation of the Italian experience. The quantity effect is negative for the immigration rate and positive for the emigration rate, whereas the composition effect is positive for immigration and negative for emigration. Finally, we separate the centre‐north from the south and find that the composition effect of emigration is stronger for the latter. We interpret these results as a clear evidence of a brain drain from the Mezzogiorno to the centre‐northern regions.
Export of the pneumococcal phage SV1 lysin requires choline‐containing teichoic acids and is holin‐independent
Authors: Frias Maria João , Melo‐Cristino José , Ramirez Mário 
Published: November 2012

SummaryStreptococcus pneumoniae bacteriophages (phages) rely on a holin–lysin system to accomplish host lysis. Due to the lack of lysin export signals, it is assumed that holin disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane allows endolysin access to the peptidoglycan. We investigated the lysis mechanism of pneumococcal phage SV1, by using lysogens without holin activity. Upon phage induction in a holin deficient background, phage lysin was gradually targeted to the cell wall, in spite of lacking any obvious signal sequence. Our data indicate that export of the phage lysin requires the presence of choline in the teichoic acids, an unusual characteristic of pneumococci. At the bacterial surface, the exolysin remains bound to choline residues without inducing lysis, but is readily activated by the collapse of the membrane potential. Additionally, the activation of the major autolysin LytA, which also participates in phage‐mediated lysis, is equally related to perturbations of the membrane proton motive force. These results indicate that collapse of the membrane potential by holins is sufficient to trigger bacterial lysis. We found that the lysin of phage SV1 reaches the peptidoglycan through a novel holin‐independent pathway and propose that the same mechanism could be used by other pneumococcal phages.
First cloning and characterization of two functional aquaporin genes from an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices
Authors: Li Tao , Hu Ya‐Jun , Hao Zhi‐Peng , Li Hong , Wang You‐Shan , Chen Bao‐Dong 
Published: November 2012

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is known to stimulate plant drought tolerance. However, the molecular basis for the direct involvement of AM fungi (AMF) in plant water relations has not been established.

Two full‐length aquaporin genes, namely GintAQPF1 and GintAQPF2, were cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA 5′‐ and 3′‐ends from an AMF, Glomus intraradices. Aquaporin localization, activities and water permeability were examined by heterologous expression in yeast. Gene expression during symbiosis was also analyzed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.

GintAQPF1 was localized to the plasma membrane of yeast, whereas GintAQPF2 was localized to both plasma and intracellular membranes. Transformed yeast cells exhibited a significant decrease in cell volume on hyperosmotic shock and faster protoplast bursting on hypo‐osmotic shock. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) stimulated, but glycerol inhibited, the aquaporin activities. Furthermore, the expression of the two genes in arbuscule‐enriched cortical cells and extraradical mycelia of maize roots was also enhanced significantly under drought stress.

GintAQPF1 and GintAQPF2 are the first two functional aquaporin genes from AMF reported to date. Our data strongly support potential water transport via AMF to host plants, which leads to a better understanding of the important role of AMF in plant drought tolerance.
Identification and characterization of MYB‐bHLH‐WD40 regulatory complexes controlling proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits
Authors: Schaart Jan G. , Dubos Christian , Romero De La Fuente Irene , van Houwelingen Adèle M. M. L. , de Vos Ric C. H. , Jonker Harry H. , Xu Wenjia , Routaboul Jean‐Marc , Lepiniec Loïc , Bovy Arnaud G. 
Published: November 2012

Summary

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits contain high concentrations of flavonoids. In unripe strawberries, the flavonoids are mainly represented by proanthocyanidins (PAs), while in ripe fruits the red‐coloured anthocyanins also accumulate. Most of the structural genes leading to PA biosynthesis in strawberry have been characterized, but no information is available on their transcriptional regulation. In Arabidopsis thaliana the expression of the PA biosynthetic genes is specifically induced by a ternary protein complex, composed of AtTT2 (AtMYB123), AtTT8 (AtbHLH042) and AtTTG1 (WD40‐repeat protein).

A strategy combining yeast‐two‐hybrid screening and agglomerative hierarchical clustering of transcriptomic and metabolomic data was undertaken to identify strawberry PA regulators.

Among the candidate genes isolated, four were similar to AtTT2, AtTT8 and AtTTG1 (FaMYB9/FaMYB11, FabHLH3 and FaTTG1, respectively) and two encode putative negative regulators (FaMYB5 and FabHLH3∆). Interestingly, FaMYB9/FaMYB11, FabHLH3 and FaTTG1 were found to complement the tt2‐1, tt8‐3 and ttg1‐1 transparent testa mutants, respectively. In addition, they interacted in yeast and activated the Arabidopsis BANYULS (anthocyanidin reductase) gene promoter when coexpressed in Physcomitrella patens protoplasts.

Taken together, these results demonstrated that FaMYB9/FaMYB11, FabHLH3 and FaTTG1 are the respective functional homologues of AtTT2, AtTT8 and AtTTG1, providing new tools for modifying PA content and strawberry fruit quality.
Variation in carbon availability, defense chemistry and susceptibility to fungal invasion along the stems of mature trees
Authors: Goodsman Devin W. , Lusebrink Inka , Landhäusser Simon M. , Erbilgin Nadir , Lieffers Victor J. 
Published: November 2012

Summary

If carbon (C) sinks withdraw carbohydrates as they are transported along tree stems, carbohydrate availability may depend on local sink strength and distance from sources. Defenses, including monoterpenes – a major component of resin – limit the invasibility of pines. Since carbohydrate reserves fund monoterpene synthesis, we hypothesized that monoterpene concentrations in pine stems would decrease from the crown to the lower stem, and susceptibility to fungal infection would increase.

Here, we measured carbohydrate and monoterpene concentrations along the stems of lodgepole pine trees (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) before inoculating with a blue‐stain fungus at different heights. After 6 wk, we assessed tree responses to fungal infection based on lesion length and carbohydrate mobilization.

Concentrations of carbohydrates and monoterpenes in the phloem before inoculation decreased with distance from the crown, whereas lesion lengths after inoculation increased. However, trees mobilized sugars in response to fungal infection such that carbohydrate reserves near lesions were similar at all heights.

Despite C mobilization, the lower stem was more vulnerable than the upper stem. Consistent with predictions based on sink–source relationships, vulnerability occurred where carbohydrates were less available, and likely resulted from C withdrawal by sinks higher in the supply chain.
Influence of genetic background and plant age on expression of the potato late blight resistance gene Rpi‐phu1 during incompatible interactions with Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Śliwka J. , Świątek M. , Tomczyńska I. , Stefańczyk E. , Chmielarz M. , Zimnoch‐Guzowska E. 
Published: November 2012

The goal of this study was to determine the expression profile of a late blight resistance gene, Rpi‐phu1, after challenge with an incompatible Phytophthora infestans isolate. Relative expression levels were measured by quantitative real‐time PCR, before as well as 1, 3 and 5 days after contact with the pathogen. Plants tested included diploid and tetraploid breeding lines with the gene in different genetic backgrounds and plants of a chosen breeding line at different developmental stages. All tested potato breeding lines with the Rpi‐phu1 gene were highly resistant to P. infestans and so was the line tested at different developmental stages. No significant changes were detected in Rpi‐phu1 transcript level after pathogen challenge in any of the tested tetraploid potato lines. However, Rpi‐phu1 transcription in diploid lines was enhanced by contact with P. infestans. Basal expression of the Rpi‐phu1 gene was significantly lower in the youngest, 3‐week‐old plants than in 6‐week‐old plants. Nevertheless, 1 day after inoculation with the pathogen, transcript levels in these plants were slightly greater than in 6‐week‐old plants, indicating that plant age can influence transcription of the Rpi‐phu1 gene, but that this does not affect late blight resistance.