bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential nuclear ATRX expression in sarcomas
Authors: Koelsche Christian , Renner Marcus , Johann Pascal , Leiss Irina , Sahm Felix , Schimmack Simon , Wardelmann Eva , Renker Eva‐Kristin , Schirmacher Peter , Korshunov Andrey , von Deimling Andreas , Mechtersheimer Gunhild 
Published: August 2015

AimNuclear α‐thalassemia/mental retardation X‐linked (ATRX) loss and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) are linked in distinct malignancies. We therefore aimed to determine the nuclear ATRX expression correlated with ALT in a comprehensive series of sarcomas.Methods and resultsA total of 573 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded sarcomas comprising 28 entities were investigated for nuclear ATRX expression by immunohistochemistry. Telomere‐specific fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) was used to determine the ALT phenotype in 50 sarcomas with complete or heterogeneous ATRX loss. Complete nuclear ATRX loss was detected in 58 of 573 sarcomas, all high‐grade, with the highest prevalence in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (38%) and pleomorphic liposarcomas (38%), followed by dedifferentiated liposarcomas (24%), osteosarcomas (21%), leiomyosarcomas (17%), myxofibrosarcomas (11%) and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (4%). Interestingly, a further 20 sarcomas, all belonging to the aforementioned entities with complete ATRX loss, presented with a heterogeneous ATRX expression pattern. ALT was observed in 41 of 42 sarcomas with complete ATRX loss, but only in two of eight sarcomas with heterogeneous expression.ConclusionNuclear ATRX loss, either complete or heterogeneous, is encountered in a considerable number of high‐grade sarcomas with non‐specific genetic alterations. A causal relationship with ALT might be indicated at least in cases with a complete nuclear ATRX loss.
Consequences of urban pollution upon skin status. A controlled study in Shanghai area
Authors: Lefebvre M‐A. , Pham D‐M. , Boussouira B. , Qiu H. , Ye C. , Long X. , Chen R. , Gu W. , Laurent A. , Nguyen Q‐L. 
Published: August 2015

SynopsisObjectiveAfter preliminary studies aimed at measuring pertinent biochemical parameters, potentially modified in subjects exposed to bad environmental conditions, a dedicated study was performed in Shanghai city to evaluate the effect of Urban pollution upon human skin and to collect feedback from the volunteers under study.MethodsThis study was performed during summer 2008 in two different districts of Shanghai, on 159 local residents: 79 subjects from Xu Jia Hui (a centre Shanghainese area), more exposed to pollution, and 80 subjects from Chong Ming, an agricultural region closely located north of Shanghai (<100 kms) and less exposed to pollution, according to official data. Biochemical parameters were measured on skin, and feedback from volunteers was collected through a graduated ‘Likert scale’ questionnaire under a point scale (strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree and none).ResultsThe study demonstrated significant differences in several biochemical parameters measured in Chong Ming area, as compared to Urban area, with an increased ratio of squalene/lipids, a lower level of lactic acid and a better cohesion of stratum corneum. Both sebum excretion rate and sebum casual levels did not differ between the two districts. The volunteer's feedback evidenced a perceived link between pollution and their skin problems.ConclusionThis study demonstrated a significant impact of the pollution upon the skin status, as illustrated by changes in superficial biochemical parameters and volunteers’ perception.
Reassessment of the risk factors for biochemical recurrence in D'Amico intermediate‐risk prostate cancer treated using radical prostatectomy
Authors: Narita Shintaro , Mitsuzuka Koji , Tsuchiya Norihiko , Koie Takuya , Kawamura Sadafumi , Ohyama Chikara , Tochigi Tatsuo , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Arai Yoichi , Habuchi Tomonori ,   the Michinoku Japan Urological Cancer Study Group
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo assess the risk factors for biochemical recurrence in D'Amico intermediate‐risk prostate cancer patients treated using radical prostatectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1268 men with prostate cancer treated using radical prostatectomy without neoadjuvant therapy. The association between various risk factors and biochemical recurrence was then statistically evaluated. The Kaplan–Meier method, log–rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models were used for statistical analysis.ResultsIn the intermediate‐risk group, 96 patients (14.5%) experienced biochemical recurrence during a median follow up of 41 months. In the intermediate‐risk group, preoperative prostate‐specific antigen level, prostate volume and prostate‐specific antigen density were significant preoperative risk factors for biochemical recurrence, whereas other factors including age, primary Gleason 4, clinical stage >T2 and percentage of positive biopsies were not. In multivariate analysis, higher preoperative prostate‐specific antigen level and density, and a smaller prostate volume were independent risk factors for biochemical recurrence in the intermediate‐risk group. Biochemical recurrence‐free survival of patients in the intermediate‐risk group with a higher prostate‐specific antigen level and density (≥15 ng/mL, ≥0.6 ng/mL/cm3, respectively), and lower prostate volume (≤10 mL) was comparable with that of high‐risk group individuals (P = 0.632, 0.494 and 0.961, respectively).ConclusionsPreoperative prostate‐specific antigen, prostate volume and prostate‐specific antigen density are significant risk factors for biochemical recurrence in D'Amico intermediate‐risk prostate cancer patients treated using radical prostatectomy. Using these variables, a subset of the intermediate‐risk patients can be identified as having equivalent outcomes to high‐risk patients.
Reciprocity in therapeutic relationships: A conceptual review
Authors: Sandhu Sima , Arcidiacono Eleonora , Aguglia Eugenio , Priebe Stefan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractReciprocity has generally been understood as a process of giving and taking, within an exchange of emotions or services, and has long been recognized as a central part of human life. However, an understanding of reciprocity in professional helping relationships has seldom received attention, despite movements in mental health care towards more collaborative approaches between service users and professionals. In this review, a systematic search of the published papers was conducted in order to explore how reciprocity is conceptualized and understood as part of the dyadic therapeutic relationship between professionals and service users. Eleven papers met our inclusion criteria and a narrative synthesis was used to synthesize the key concepts of reciprocity. The concepts of: ‘dynamic equilibrium’, ‘shared affect’, ‘asymmetric alliance’, and ‘recognition as a fellow human being’ were recurrent in understandings of reciprocity in professional contexts. These conceptualizations of reciprocity were also linked to specific behavioural and psychological processes. The findings suggest that reciprocity may be conceptualized and incorporated as a component of mental health care, with recurrent and observable processes which may be harnessed to promote positive outcomes for service users. To this end, we make recommendations for further research to progress and develop reciprocal processes in mental health care.
Atrial Tachycardias Following Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Predictors of Recurrence After the Repeat Ablation
Authors: AMMAR‐BUSCH SONIA , KAESS BERNHARD M. , BRUHM ALEXANDRA , REENTS TILKO , BOURIER FELIX , BUIATTI ALESSANDRA , SEMMLER VERENA , TELISHEVSKA MARTA , KOTTMAIER MARC , HESSLING GABRIELE , DEISENHOFER ISABEL 
Published: August 2015

Atrial Tachycardias Following Persistent Atrial Fibrillation AblationBackgroundRepeat procedures after persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation are frequently performed for secondary atrial tachycardias (AT). Predictors of AT recurrence after the first repeat ablation have not yet been studied.MethodsWe investigated predictors of AT recurrence in 117 patients who underwent ablation for secondary AT arising after a previous ablation for persistent AF using the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsAcute ablation success rate was 94%. Over a follow‐up period of 12 months, 61 patients (53%) were free from AT recurrence. Of the assessed predictors of AT recurrence, the number of ablated AT forms (>1 vs. 1) was significantly associated with AT recurrence (hazard ratio 2.01, 95% CI 1.18–3.43, P = 0.01). Other variables including left atrial diameter, AT mechanism, or the characteristics of previous AF ablation did not have significant influence on AT recurrence (P>0.05). Men had a tendency toward fewer AT recurrences than women (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.34–1.05, P = 0.07). During a second AT ablation procedure, 19 (49%) patients were identified to have a recurrence of the previously ablated AT, whereas in 20 patients (51%) a new AT form was diagnosed.ConclusionAblation of atrial tachycardias following persistent AF ablation has a high acute success rate. However, a substantial number of patients develop new onset AT during follow‐up. The occurrence of multiple AT forms during the repeat ablation procedure was the only predictive factor for AT recurrence.
Comparative two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the salivary proteome of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Ngounou Wetie Armand G. , Wormwood Kelly L. , Charette Laci , Ryan Jeanne P. , Woods Alisa G. , Darie Costel C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn the last decades, prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been on the rise. However, clear aetiology is still elusive and improvements in early diagnosis are needed. To uncover possible biomarkers present in ASD, we used two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and nanoliquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC‐MS/MS), to compare salivary proteome profiling of children with ASD and controls. A total of 889 spots were compared and only those spots with a fold change ≥1.7 and a P‐value <0.05 or a fold change of ≥3.0 between ASD cases and controls were analysed by nanoLC‐MS/MS. Alpha‐amylase, CREB‐binding protein, p532, Transferrin, Zn alpha2 glycoprotein, Zymogen granule protein 16, cystatin D and plasminogen were down‐regulated in ASD. Increased expression of proto‐oncogene Frequently rearranged in advanced T‐cell lymphomas 1 (FRAT1), Kinesin family member 14, Integrin alpha6 subunit, growth hormone regulated TBC protein 1, parotid secretory protein, Prolactin‐inducible protein precursor, Mucin‐16, Ca binding protein migration inhibitory factor‐related protein 14 (MRP14) was observed in individuals with ASD. Many of the identified proteins have previously been linked to ASD or were proposed as risk factors of ASD at the genetic level. Some others are involved in pathological pathways implicated in ASD causality such as oxidative stress, lipid and cholesterol metabolism, immune system disturbances and inflammation. These data could contribute to protein signatures for ASD presence, risk and subtypes, and advance understanding of ASD cause as well as provide novel treatment targets for ASD.
Characterization of a Deep‐Branching Heterolobosean, Pharyngomonas turkanaensis n. sp., Isolated from a Non‐Hypersaline Habitat, and Ultrastructural Comparison of Cysts and Amoebae Among Pharyngomonas Strains
Authors: Park Jong Soo , Simpson Alastair G.B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn unusual heterolobosean amoeba, isolate LO, was isolated recently from a sample with a salinity of ~4‰, from Lake Turkana in East Africa. 18S rDNA phylogenies confirm that isolate LO branches among halophilic amoeboflagellates assigned to Pharyngomonas. We examined the ultrastructure of the amoeba and cyst stages of isolate LO, as well as the amoebae and cysts of Pharyngomonas kirbyi (isolates AS12B and SD1A). The amoebae of all three isolates lacked discrete dictyosomes and had discoidal/flattened mitochondrial cristae, but the mitochondria were not enrobed by rough endoplasmic reticulum. The cysts of all three isolates showed a thick, bipartite cyst wall, and lacked cyst pores. The cysts of isolate LO were distinct in that the ectocyst was very loose‐fitting, and could contain “crypts”. No flagellate form of isolate LO has been observed to date, and a salinity‐for‐growth experiment showed that isolate LO can grow at 15–100‰ salinity, indicating that it is halotolerant. By contrast, other studied Pharyngomonas isolates are amoeboflagellates and true halophiles. Therefore, we propose isolate LO as a new species, Pharyngomonas turkanaensis n. sp. It is possible that P. turkanaensis descended from halophilic ancestors, and represents a secondary reestablishment of a physiology adapted for moderate salinity.
Complex Ancestries of Isoprenoid Synthesis in Dinoflagellates
Authors: Bentlage Bastian , Rogers Travis S. , Bachvaroff Tsvetan R. , Delwiche Charles F. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIsoprenoid metabolism occupies a central position in the anabolic metabolism of all living cells. In plastid‐bearing organisms, two pathways may be present for de novo isoprenoid synthesis, the cytosolic mevalonate pathway (MVA) and nuclear‐encoded, plastid‐targeted nonmevalonate pathway (DOXP). Using transcriptomic data we find that dinoflagellates apparently make exclusive use of the DOXP pathway. Using phylogenetic analyses of all DOXP genes we inferred the evolutionary origins of DOXP genes in dinoflagellates. Plastid replacements led to a DOXP pathway of multiple evolutionary origins. Dinoflagellates commonly referred to as dinotoms due to their relatively recent acquisition of a diatom plastid, express two completely redundant DOXP pathways. Dinoflagellates with a tertiary plastid of haptophyte origin, by contrast, express a hybrid pathway of dual evolutionary origin. Here, changes in the targeting motif of signal/transit peptide likely allow for targeting the new plastid by the proteins of core isoprenoid metabolism proteins. Parasitic dinoflagellates of the Amoebophyra species complex appear to have lost the DOXP pathway, suggesting that they may rely on their host for sterol synthesis.
Challenges for achieving sustainable flood risk management
Authors: Shah M.A.R. , Rahman A. , Chowdhury S.H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper presents the challenges for effectiveness and sustainability of flood risk management strategies and technologies by critically reviewing flood management practices. The study reveals that reliable flood prediction is limited by the characterisation of floods that have multiple causes and hydrological uncertainties due to variability in climate and river morphology. Moreover, changing land use in floodplains and the potential of creating new risks limit the risk assessment and evaluation process of flood control projects. Hence, sustainability analysis mechanisms, including ‘dynamic sustainability’ concepts, should be adopted in the flood management planning process. Investigations into the proportional contribution of structural and non‐structural measures to reduce total flood risk could assist in better decision making. Gaining improved understandings of the perception on flood risk and safety, and risk communication methods, for present and future stakeholders is crucial. Extensive research on the above challenges would reveal pathways for developing sustainable flood risk management strategies.
Abuse in Mexican Older Adults with Long‐Term Disability: National Prevalence and Associated Factors
Authors: Giraldo‐Rodríguez Liliana , Rosas‐Carrasco Oscar , Mino‐León Dolores 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of self‐reported abuse in elderly Mexican adults with long‐term disabilities and to identify associated risk factors.DesignSecondary analysis of the Perception of Disability in Mexican Population 2010 survey.SettingMexico.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 60 and older with long‐term disabilities without cognitive decline (N = 1,089).MeasurementsThe elder abuse variable was constructed from the 21 questions included in the survey that assessed the presence of physical, psychological, sexual, and financial exploitation. Independent variables included demographic characteristics, self‐rated health, disability (number of functional domains or basic activities), multimorbidity, emotional symptoms, health resources used, and informal help.ResultsThe prevalence of elder abuse was 32.1%. The most frequent type of abuse was psychological (28.1%). Nearly 58% of respondents reported one type of abuse, 34% reported two types, and 8% reported more than three types. The most common combination of two types of abuse was psychological with financial exploitation. Variables associated with the presence of psychological, physical, and sexual abuse (conflict abuse) were age 80 and older, 9 or more years of education, unemployment, negative self‐rated health, three or more disabilities, emotional symptoms, and history of hospitalization. Financial exploitation was associated with age 80 and older, being married or living with a partner, 9 or more years of education, unemployment, living in an urban area, negative self‐rated health, three or more disabilities, emotional symptoms, and history of hospitalization.ConclusionThe prevalence of abuse in elderly Mexican adults with long‐term disabilities is high. Associated factors were level of education, number of disabilities, and health status. Further studies should explore the applicability of these results to other populations.
Infectious Burden and Cognitive Decline in the Northern Manhattan Study
Authors: Wright Clinton B. , Gardener Hannah , Dong Chuanhui , Yoshita Mitsuhiro , DeCarli Charles , Sacco Ralph L. , Stern Yaakov , Elkind Mitchell S. V. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo determine whether infectious burden (IB) is associated with worse performance and decline on a battery of neuropsychological tests.DesignProspective cohort study (Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS)).SettingCommunity.ParticipantsA subsample of 588 stroke‐free NOMAS participants with IB and cognitive data (mean age 71 ± 8, 62% female, 14% white, 16% black, 70% Hispanic) and 419 with repeat cognitive testing.MeasurementsSamples used for IB data were collected at baseline. Two waves of neurocognitive assessments occurred during follow‐up. Participants underwent a neuropsychological battery and had repeated testing (mean time span 6 ± 2 years). Using factor analysis–derived domain‐specific Z scores for language, memory, executive function, and processing speed, associations between a quantitative stroke risk‐weighted IB index (IBI), based on five common infections (Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2), and cognitive performance and decline in each domain was examined.ResultsAdjusting for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, crystallized cognitive abilities, and vascular risk factors, the IBI was inversely associated with executive function at baseline (beta = −0.10, P = .01) but not with baseline language, memory, or processing speed performance in adjusted analyses. The IBI was associated with cognitive decline in the memory domain, adjusting for demographic and vascular risk factors (P = .02).ConclusionA quantitative stroke risk‐weighted measure of IB explained variability in baseline executive function performance and associated with decline in memory. Past exposure to common infections may contribute to vascular cognitive impairment and warrants further study.
Phototherapy in transport for neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia
Authors: Waterham Michelle , Bhatia Risha , Donath Susan , Molesworth Charlotte , Tan Kenneth , Stewart Michael 
Published: August 2015

AimIn Victoria, neonates with severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia at risk of requiring exchange transfusion are retrieved by the Paediatric Infant Perinatal Emergency Retrieval Service and transferred to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit where an exchange transfusion can be performed if necessary. Transfer may result in prolonged periods without phototherapy in neonates at risk of developing bilirubin encephalopathy. We aimed to describe our experience of the introduction of phototherapy using a portable phototherapy unit during transport.MethodsNeonates with a primary diagnosis of severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia were identified from the Paediatric Infant Perinatal Emergency Retrieval clinical database over an 11‐year period. Demographic and clinical data including gestation, age at transport, serum bilirubin levels pre‐ and post‐transport, use of phototherapy during transport (PTDT), likely diagnosis, and use of exchange transfusion were included.ResultsA total of 147 neonates were included with 104 neonates receiving PTDT and 43 who did not. Neonates who received PTDT were less likely to require exchange transfusion, 19.2% versus 34.9%, odds ratio 0.44 (95% CI 0.2–0.98), P = 0.05. However, after correction for factors appearing to be related to use of exchange transfusion, the odds ratio increased to 0.58 (95% CI 0.21–1.63), P = 0.3. There was a greater reduction in the pre‐ to post‐transport total serum bilirubin levels (μmol/L) for the group receiving PTDT (mean 46.3, SD 64.6) versus no PTDT (mean 26.1, SD 62.5), but this did not reach significance, P = 0.08.ConclusionsPhototherapy during neonatal transport is feasible and safe and may result in a decreased requirement for subsequent exchange transfusion.
Effect of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and Temperature Increases on the Severity of Basil Downy Mildew Caused by Peronospora belbahrii Under Phytotron Conditions
Authors: Gilardi Giovanna , Pugliese Massimo , Chitarra Walter , Ramon Ivano , Gullino Maria Lodovica , Garibaldi Angelo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThree experimental trials have been carried out on the basil (Ocimum basilicum)–downy mildew (Peronospora belbahrii) pathosystem, under phytotron conditions, to evaluate the effect of simulated elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations and temperatures as well as that of their interaction. Six CO2 and temperature combinations were tested to establish their effect on disease development. The photosynthetic efficiency (PI) and chlorophyll content index (CCI) of the basil plants were monitored throughout the trials. Average disease incidence was 43.8% under standard conditions (18–22°C and 400–450 ppm of CO2), while average disease severity was 22.1%. In the same temperature regime, a doubled level of CO2 caused a significant increase in both disease incidence and severity. When temperatures ranged between 18 and 26°C, CO2 at 800–850 ppm increased disease incidence. At the highest temperatures tested, that is at 26–30°C, which are not favourable for downy mildew development, the increase in CO2 had no significant effect on disease incidence. A decreasing trend of PI was observed for the PI values of the inoculated plants. This trend was particularly pronounced for high CO2 levels at the end of the experiment. In the same way as for disease development, lower values were recorded for the inoculated plants at the end of the experiment at 18–22°C for both CO2 concentrations and at 22–26°C for 850 ppm of CO2. The non‐inoculated plants showed higher photosynthetic efficiency than the inoculated plants. Similar trends were also observed for the CCI, thus confirming that downy mildew incidence and severity, which in particular caused foliar damage at high CO2 concentrations, led to a decrease in the physiological performances.