bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions Between Mud Acid and Sand Proppants
Authors: Assem A. I. , Nasr-El-Din H. A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Proppants are required in hydraulic fracturing operations in the oil and gas industry. They consist of solid particles with specific strengths and are used to keep the rock fractures open in order to increase well production. They can be naturally occurring sand grains or artificial ceramic materials. Studying the acid resistance of proppants is important. Acids are needed to remove the scale and clays that affect the fracture conductivity.
This study investigated the different factors affecting the interactions between mud acid and sand proppants. Several experiments were conducted using the aging cell with mud acid (3 wt% HF, 12 wt% HCl) up to 300°F. The effects of temperature, soaking time, and static and dynamic conditions were examined. The supernatant of solubility tests was analyzed to measure total silicon concentrations using ICP-ES. The proppant was sieved before and after the experiments. Following that, the residual solids were dried and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
The results showed that sand proppant is soluble in regular mud acid, nearly 10 wt% dissolved in some cases. The amount of proppant dissolved increased with temperature, soaking time, concentration, and dynamic conditions. The fines generated and the changes in grain size distribution are detrimental to the proppant conductivity.
This work will help to achieve a better acid treatment design when sand proppant is used.
Development of Innovative Formulations to Mitigate Differential Delayed Cement Setting in Long Deep Liners in the Red Sea: Lab Study and Field Application
Authors: Al-Yami Abdullah S. , Jennings Scott S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWhen cementing liners, the cement must develop compressive strength at the top of the liner before drilling is resumed. Sometimes at high temperature wells, it can take us up to 2 days just waiting for compressive strength development at top of liner conditions. This problem is common when cementing long liners in high temperature wells.An earlier study done by Yami et al. (2007) showed the development of two new retarded systems. The first system is used for non-latex cements for wells that do not show indications of fluid flow. The second cement system includes latex and is recommended for liners with potential for fluid flow. The new retarder systems were effectively applied in a well in Red Sea. This paper discusses the non-latex system field application and summarizes lessons learned.The field application was done by using sodium salt and alicyclic acid with aminated aromatic polymer in combination with sodium salt of organic acid and inorganic salt and aromatic polymer derivatives to cover differential temperature of more than 100 °F.
Dimensional analyses of frontal posed smile attractiveness in Japanese female patients
Authors: Hata Kyoko , Arai Kazuhito 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To identify appropriate dimensional items in objective diagnostic analysis for attractiveness of frontal posed smile in Japanese female patients by comparing with the result of human judgments.

Materials and Methods:
Photographs of frontal posed smiles of 100 Japanese females after orthodontic treatment were evaluated by 20 dental students (10 males and 10 females) using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The photographs were ranked based on the VAS evaluations and the 25 photographs with the highest evaluations were selected as group A, and the 25 photos with the lowest evaluations were designated group B. Then 12 dimensional items of objective analysis selected from a literature review were measured. Means and standard deviations for measurements of the dimensional items were compared between the groups using the unpaired t-test with a significance level of P &lt; .05.

Results:
Mean values were significantly smaller in group A than in group B for interlabial gap, intervermilion distance, maxillary gingival display, maximum incisor exposure, and lower lip to incisor (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions:
Significant differences were observed only in the vertical dimension, not in the transverse dimension. Five of the 12 objective diagnostic items were correlated with human judgments of the attractiveness of frontal posed smile in Japanese females after orthodontic treatment.
L’impact de l’absence et l’aspect ineffable du protocole
Authors: Oates Steff , Blondel Agnès 
Published: September 2015

L’auteur se penche sur un aspect relativement peu étudié de la perte, de la mort et du décès : l’absence. Elle raconte son travail avec plusieurs clients pour lequel elle a eu besoin d’ajouter une variante ou un nouvel élément à son répertoire d’analyse du scénario et des jeux ou encore de recourir à une déconfusion de l’état du moi Enfant. Cette approche, qui nécessite davantage de réceptivité pensive et un accompagnement dénué d’attentes, est particulièrement adaptée aux clients à la recherche de sens dans les lacunes non négligeables de leur éducation. Le présent article remet en question la croyance selon laquelle la personnalité se forme à partir d’injonctions, de contre-injonctions et de messages contraignants en réaction aux autres signifiants. On invitera le lecteur à se demander à quel point ce que nous sommes s’est formé au-delà des paroles ou des actions des autres. On se repenchera sur la théorie de Berne (2005) selon qui le protocole constitue l’essence ou l’atmosphère qui est intégrée au plus profond de notre être.
L’opinion autorisée
Authors: Kotras Baptiste 
Published: September 2015

Cet article vise à comprendre comment les spécialistes de l’analyse d’opinion sur le web remédient à l’indétermination sociodémographique généralisée des traces conversationnelles qui constituent leur matériau. En l’absence de toute variable classique, il leur faut en effet trouver des formes collectives alternatives pour incarner et imputer les tendances d’opinion qu’ils analysent. À travers le cas de la société Linkfluence (Paris, France), nous montrons comment est élaboré un paradigme alternatif, fondé sur le concept de « communautés en ligne », par lequel les sites sont catégorisés en fonction de leur profil hypertexte et de leur thématique. Dès lors, la sélection des communautés thématiques liées à un sujet donné donne à voir un nouveau mode d’échantillonnage délibérément asymétrique, où seuls ont la parole les sites mobilisés et influents.
Detection Probabilities of Electrofishing, Hoop Nets, and Benthic Trawls for Fishes in Two Western North American Rivers
Authors: Smith Christopher D. , Quist Michael C. , Hardy Ryan S. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Research comparing different sampling techniques helps improve the efficiency and efficacy of sampling efforts. We compared the effectiveness of three sampling techniques (small-mesh hoop nets, benthic trawls, boat-mounted electrofishing) for 30 species in the Green (WY, USA) and Kootenai (ID, USA) rivers by estimating conditional detection probabilities (probability of detecting a species given its presence at a site). Electrofishing had the highest detection probabilities (generally greater than 0.60) for most species (88%), but hoop nets also had high detectability for several taxa (e.g., adult burbot Lota lota, juvenile northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis). Benthic trawls had low detection probabilities (&lt;0.05) for most taxa (84%). Gear-specific effects were present for most species indicating large differences in gear effectiveness among techniques. In addition to gear effects, habitat characteristics also influenced detectability of fishes. Most species-specific habitat relationships were idiosyncratic and reflected the ecology of the species. Overall findings of our study indicate that boat-mounted electrofishing and hoop nets are the most effective techniques for sampling fish assemblages in large, coldwater rivers.
Efficient Computation of Instantons for Multi-Dimensional Turbulent Flows with Large Scale Forcing
Authors: Grafke Tobias , Grauer Rainer , Schindel Stephan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractExtreme events play a crucial role in fluid turbulence. Inspired by methods from field theory, these extreme events, their evolution and probability can be computed with help of the instanton formalism as minimizers of a suitable action functional. Due to the high number of degrees of freedom in multi-dimensional fluid flows, traditional global minimization techniques quickly become prohibitive in their memory requirements. We outline a novel method for finding the minimizing trajectory in a wide class of problems that typically occurs in turbulence setups, where the underlying dynamical system is a non-gradient, non-linear partial differential equation, and the forcing is restricted to a limited length scale. We demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm in terms of performance and memory by computing high resolution instanton field configurations corresponding to viscous shocks for 1D and 2D compressible flows.
Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Particle Motion in Binary Immiscible Fluids
Authors: Chen Yu , Kang Qinjun , Cai Qingdong , Wang Moran , Zhang Dongxiao 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe combine the Shan-Chen multicomponent lattice Boltzmann model and the link-based bounce-back particle suspension model to simulate particle motion in binary immiscible fluids. The impact of the slightly mixing nature of the Shan-Chen model and the fluid density variations near the solid surface caused by the fluid-solid interaction, on the particle motion in binary fluids is comprehensively studied. Our simulations show that existing models suffer significant fluid mass drift as the particle moves across nodes, and the obtained particle trajectories deviate away from the correct ones. A modified wetting model is then proposed to reduce the non-physical effects, and its effectiveness is validated by comparison with existing wetting models. Furthermore, the first-order refill method for the newly created lattice node combined with the new wetting model significantly improves mass conservation and accuracy.
Direct Numerical Simulation of an Open-Cell Metallic Foam through Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Chiappini Daniele , Bella Gino , Festuccia Alessio , Simoncini Alessandro 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) has been used in order to perform Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) for porous media analysis. Among the different configurations of porous media, open cell metallic foams are gaining a key role for a large number of applications, like heat exchangers for high performance cars or aeronautic components as well. Their structure allows improving heat transfer process with fruitful advantages for packaging issues and size reduction. In order to better understand metallic foam capabilities, a random sphere generation code has been implemented and fluid-dynamic simulations have been carried out by means of a kinetic approach. After having defined a computational domain the Reynolds number influence has been studied with the aim of characterizing both pressure drop and friction factor throughout a finite foam volume. In order to validate the proposed model, a comparison analysis with experimental data has been carried out too.
Numerical Simulation of the Motion of Inextensible Capsules in Shear Flow Under the Effect of the Natural State
Authors: Niu Xiting , Shi Lingling , Pan Tsorng-Whay , Glowinski Roland 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a computational model for the natural state of an inextensible capsule has been successfully combined with a spring model of the capsule membrane to simulate the motion of the capsule in two-dimensional shear flow. Besides the viscosity ratio of the internal fluid and external fluid of the capsule, the natural state also plays a role for having the transition between two well known motions, tumbling and tank-treading (TT) with the long axis oscillates about a fixed inclination angle (a swinging mode), when varying the shear rate. Between tumbling and tank-treading, the intermittent behavior has been obtained for the capsule with a biconcave rest shape. The estimated critical value of the swelling ratio for having the intermittent transition behavior is less than 0.7, i.e., the capsules with rest shape closer to a full disk do not have the intermittent behavior in shear flow. The intermittent dynamics of the capsule in the transition region is a mixture of tumbling and TT with a swinging mode. Just like the motion of TT with a swing mode, which can be viewed as a tank-treading with an incomplete tumbling, the membrane tank-treads backward and forward within a small range during the tumbling motion.
“Our Natural and Original Illness”:
Authors: Wallen James Ramsey 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This article examines a certain subterranean counter-conception of the human/animal distinction that occasionally surfaces in the Western literary-philosophical tradition. Focusing on Michel de Montaigne and Friedrich Nietzsche (particularly Apologie de Raimond Sebond and Zur Genealogie der Moral), I demonstrate how each writer's assault on the human/animal distinction relies on a sophisticated revaluation of the canonical humanist position of Pico della Mirandola, a position that each thinker (to some extent) can be said to reposit under a negative valence.
Writing Trauma, Writing Life in Chanrithy Him's When Broken Glass Floats
Authors: Tuon Bunkong 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In “Writing Trauma, Writing Life in Chanrithy Him's When Broken Glass Floats,” I discuss Him's autobiography within the context of recovery narratives, where survivors of traumatic events use writing as therapy and healing. In my exegesis of the text, I demonstrate how not just Him's memory but also the history and culture of Cambodia are reclaimed in this recovery narrative, with Him somewhat paradoxically infusing her memoir, a genre that goes against the grain of Cambodian literary tradition with its focus on the self, with elements of Cambodian culture, history, and poetic structure. The result, I argue, is a text that is neither traditional Cambodian literature nor typical American immigrant literature. I conclude the essay by locating this emergent literature within the recent global boom in witness narrative and, more specifically, within the emergent discourse of Southeast Asian American studies.
Diagnostic utility of Ki-67 and Cyclin D1 immunostaining in differentiation of psoriasis vs. other psoriasiform dermatitis
Authors: Sezer Engin , Böer-Auer Almut , Cetin Emel , Tokat Fatma , Durmaz Emel , Sahin Sedef , Ince Umit 
Published: September 2015

Background: Differentiation of psoriasis from non-psoriasis psoriasiform dermatitis (NPPD) may be difficult for dermatopathologists, as lack of distinctive histopathological features in a subset of cases may cause confusion in diagnosis.
Objective: As the prototype of psoriasiform dermatitis, psoriasis is a hyperproliferative skin disorder with increased epidermal turnover compared with NPPD, we investigated the role of proliferation markers, Ki-67 and Cyclin D1 as diagnostic tools to differentiate psoriasis from other psoriasiform dermatitis.
Methods: Histopathological specimens of psoriasis (n = 35) and NPPD (n = 36, 14 pityriasis rubra pilaris, 12 pityriasis rosea and 10 lichen simplex) cases were reviewed and immunohistochemically stained for Ki-67 and Cyclin D1. Ki-67 and Cyclin D1 positive cells were counted for suprabasal, and total epidermal immunostaining per mm2.
Results: Suprabasal and total epidermal cell counts for Ki-67 were found to be significantly higher in the psoriasis group compared with the NPPD group (p < 0.05). An important and interesting feature was the presence of a cut-off value for the suprabasal/total epidermal cell count ratio of 75% for Ki-67 immunostaining, which was higher in all patients having psoriasis (range, 77.1% – 92.4%) and lower in all NPPD cases (range, 21.0% – 73.3%). However, suprabasal Cyclin D1 cell counts were higher in the psoriasis group compared with the NPPD group (p < 0.05), total epidermal Cyclin D1 cell counts were not statistically significant in either group (p = 0.167), and a cut-off value for suprabasal/total epidermal cell count ratio to distinguish these two entities was not detected using this immunostain.
Conclusions: We suggest that Ki-67 is a more sensitive marker than Cyclin D1 in terms of having a cut-off value of 75% for the suprabasal/total epidermal immunoreactive cell count ratio, which we believe could be useful for dermatopathologists in differentiating psoriasis from other psoriasiform dermatitis.
Supershear rupture in the 24 May 2013 Mw 6.7 Okhotsk deep earthquake: Additional evidence from regional seismic stations
Authors: Zhan Zhongwen , Shearer Peter M. , Kanamori Hiroo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractZhan et al. (2014a) reported supershear rupture during the Mw 6.7 aftershock of the 2013 Mw 8.3 Sea of Okhotsk deep earthquake, relying heavily on the regional station PET, which played a critical role in constraining the vertical rupture dimension and rupture speed. Here we include five more regional stations and find that the durations of the source time functions derived from these stations are consistent with Zhan et al.'s supershear rupture model. Furthermore, to reduce the nonuniqueness of deconvolution and combine the bandwidths of different stations, we conduct a joint inversion of the six regional stations for a single broadband moment‐rate function (MRF). The best fitting MRF, which explains all the regional waveforms well, has a smooth shape without any temporal gaps. The Mw 6.7 Okhotsk deep earthquake is more likely a continuous supershear rupture than a dynamically triggered doublet.
Controlled Transcription of Exogenous mRNA in Platelets Using Protocells
Authors: Chan Vivienne , Novakowski Stefanie K. , Law Simon , Klein‐Bosgoed Christa , Kastrup Christian J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTranscribing exogenous RNA in eukaryotic cells requires delivering DNA to their nuclei and changing their genome. Nuclear delivery is often inefficient, limiting the potential scope of gene therapy and synthetic biology. These challenges may be overcome by techniques that allow for extranucleate transcription within eukaryotic cells. Protocells have been developed that enable transcription inside of liposomes; however, it has not yet been demonstrated whether this technology can be extended for use within eukaryotic cells. Here we show RNA‐synthesizing nanoliposomes allow transcription of exogenous RNA inside anucleate cells. To accomplish this, components of transcription were encapsulated into liposomes and delivered to platelets. These liposomes were capable of light‐induced transcription in platelets, providing proof‐of‐concept that protocell technology can be adapted for use within mammalian cells.
A Mechanistic Study of Thiophene Hydrodesulfurization by the Parahydrogen‐Induced Polarization Technique
Authors: Salnikov Oleg G. , Burueva Dudari B. , Barskiy Danila A. , Bukhtiyarova Galina A. , Kovtunov Kirill V. , Koptyug Igor V. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThiophenic compounds are the least reactive organosulfur compounds in fossil fuels, and thiophene is widely used as a model substrate in studies of industrially important hydrodesulfurization (HDS) processes. It is generally presumed that the HDS process can proceed by two possible pathways, namely hydrogenation or direct desulfurization. In this work, the parahydrogen‐induced polarization technique was successfully utilized in a mechanistic study of a hydrodesulfurization reaction by example of a heterogeneous hydrodesulfurization of thiophene over supported catalysts in the presence of parahydrogen. It was demonstrated that the HDS of thiophene on a MoS2/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst proceeds preferentially by the hydrogenation pathway to form tetrahydrothiophene, followed by desulfurization. In contrast, if a Pt/TiO2 catalyst was used, direct desulfurization to 1,3‐butadiene and the hydrogenation pathway both contributed to the overall reaction mechanism.
Organoantimony(III)‐Containing Tungstoarsenates(III): From Controlled Assembly to Biological Activity
Authors: Yang Peng , Bassil Bassem S. , Lin Zhengguo , Haider Ali , Alfaro‐Espinoza Gabriela , Ullrich Matthias S. , Silvestru Cristian , Kortz Ulrich 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA family of three sandwich‐type, phenylantimony(III)‐containing tungstoarsenates(III), [(PhSbIII){Na(H2O)}AsIII2W19O67(H2O)]11− (1), [(PhSbIII)2AsIII2W19O67(H2O)]10− (2), and [(PhSbIII)3(B‐α‐AsIIIW9O33)2]12− (3), have been synthesized by one‐pot procedures and isolated as hydrated alkali metal salts, Cs3K3.5Na4.5[(PhSbIII){Na(H2O)}AsIII2W19O67(H2O)]⋅41H2O (CsKNa‐1), Cs4.5K5.5[(PhSbIII)2AsIII2W19O67(H2O)]⋅35H2O (CsK‐2), and Cs4.5Na7.5[(PhSbIII)3(B‐α‐AsIIIW9O33)2]⋅42H2O (CsNa‐3). The number of incorporated {PhSbIII} units could be selectively tuned from one to three by careful control of the reaction parameters. The three compounds were characterized in the solid state by single‐crystal XRD, IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The aqueous solution stability of sandwich polyanions 1–3 was also studied by multinuclear (1H, 13C, 183W) NMR spectroscopy. Effective inhibitory activity against six different kinds of bacteria was identified for all three polyanions, for which the activity increased with the number of incorporated {PhSbIII} groups.
Separation of Enantiomers of a Phospholipid in Langmuir Monolayers by a New Selector
Authors: Caminati Gabriella , Cicchi Stefano , Lascialfari Luisa , Brandi Alberto 
Published: September 2015

AbstractChiral discrimination in a racemic mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is induced by a new selector at the water–air interface: L‐DPPC is segregated in the condensed phase of a Langmuir monolayer upon interactions with an enantiopure amphiphilic compound. Chirality 27:784–787, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cooperative Effects in Copper Polyamido­amine Dendrimer Complexes Catalyzing the Reduction of Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Tang Yi‐Hsuan , Lin Yen Chung , Hsu Sodio C. N. , Liou Si‐Ting , Chen Hsing‐Yin , Hsieh Kuang‐Chan , Chuang Wan‐Jung , Chiu Li‐Ting , Chen Yeh‐Long , Kao Chai‐Lin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGeneration‐dependent cooperation was observed in the reduction of molecular oxygen by a series of Cu2+ complexes of pyridine‐modified polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. The cooperative behavior of the metal ions was examined by preparing (G2–G6)‐dendri‐PAMAM‐(Py)n and testing the dendrimers for their ability to reduce oxygen catalytically in the presence of several Cu2+ ion concentrations. Spectrophotometric measurements during the reactive metallic ion titrations revealed that the maximum numbers of reactive Cu2+ ions available for O2 reduction were 4.8, 7.6, 22.2, 57.3, and 81.7 in each of the second‐ to sixth‐generation (G2–G6) dendrimer complexes, respectively. An analysis revealed that each Cu2+ ion worked independently as an active center in the G2 to G4 dendrimer complexes. By contrast, pairs of Cu2+ ion active species were present in the G5 and G6 dendrimer complexes. A kojic acid titration indicated that the copper ions were proximal and formed a bicopper active center in the G5 and G6 dendrimer complexes. Catalytic reactions with catechol as a reducing agent further demonstrated the activity of the dinuclear copper center in the G5 and G6 dendrimer complexes. The present findings suggest that generations of dendrimer–metal complexes can alter their catalytic behavior.