bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized multicentre trial of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRIversusconventional MRI or CT in the staging of colorectal cancer liver metastases
Authors: Zech C J , Korpraphong P , Huppertz A , Denecke T , Kim M-J , Tanomkiat W , Jonas E , Ba-Ssalamah A 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundThis multicentre international randomized trial compared the impact of gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MRI with extracellular contrast medium (ECCM-MRI) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) as a first-line imaging method in patients with suspected colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM).MethodsBetween October 2008 and September 2010, patients with suspected CRCLM were randomized to one of the three imaging modalities. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients for whom further imaging after initial imaging was required for a confident diagnosis. Secondary variables included confidence in the therapeutic decision, intraoperative deviations from the initial imaging-based surgical plan as a result of additional operative findings, and diagnostic efficacy of the imaging modalities versus intraoperative and pathological extent of the disease.ResultsA total of 360 patients were enrolled. Efficacy was analysed in 342 patients (118, 112 and 112 with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI, ECCM-MRI and CE-CT respectively as the initial imaging procedure). Further imaging was required in 0 of 118, 19 (17·0 per cent) of 112 and 44 (39·3 per cent) of 112 patients respectively (P &lt; 0·001). Diagnostic confidence was high or very high in 98·3 per cent of patients for gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI, 85·7 per cent for ECCM-MRI and 65·2 per cent for CE-CT. Surgical plans were changed during surgery in 28, 32 and 47 per cent of patients in the respective groups.ConclusionThe diagnostic performance of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI was better than that of CE-CT and ECCM-MRI as the initial imaging modality. No further imaging was needed in the gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI group and comparison of diagnostic efficacy parameters demonstrated the diagnostic superiority of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Registration number: NCT00764621(http://clinicaltrials.gov); EudraCT number: 2008-000583-16 (https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/).
Intramolecular Reactions of Metal Carbenoids with Allylic Ethers: Is a Free Ylide Involved in Every Case?
Authors: Clark J. Stephen , Hansen K. Emelie 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRhodium‐, copper‐ and iridium‐catalyzed reactions of the13C‐labelled diazo carbonyl substrates18*and19*were performed. Results obtained from copper‐ and iridium‐catalyzed reactions of the13C‐labelled α‐diazo β‐keto ester19*indicate that either or both of these reactions do not proceed via a free oxonium ylide but instead follow a competing non‐ylide route that delivers apparent [2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement products. In the case of the iridium‐catalyzed reaction of α‐diazo β‐keto ester19*, results obtained from crossover experiments indicate that the initially formed metal‐bound ylide dissociates to give an iridium enolate and an allyl cation, which recombine to form the CC bond.
Structural, Magnetic, and Computational Correlations of Some Imidazolo‐Fused 1,2,4‐Benzotriazinyl Radicals
Authors: Constantinides Christos P. , Berezin Andrey A. , Manoli Maria , Leitus Gregory M. , Zissimou Georgia A. , Bendikov Michael , Rawson Jeremy M. , Koutentis Panayiotis A. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract1,3,7,8‐Tetraphenyl‐4,8‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazolo[4,5g][1,2,4]benzotriazin‐4‐yl (5), 8‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐1,3,7‐triphenyl‐4,8‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazolo[4,5g][1,2,4]benzotriazin‐4‐yl (6), and 8‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,3,7‐triphenyl‐4,8‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazolo[4,5g][1,2,4]benzotriazin‐4‐yl (7) were characterized by using X‐ray diffraction crystallography, variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility studies, and DFT calculations. Radicals 5–7 pack in 1 D π stacks made of radical pairs with alternate short and long interplanar distances. The magnetic susceptibility (χ vs. T) of radicals 5 and 6 exhibit broad maxima at (50±2) and (50±4) K, respectively, and are interpreted in terms of an alternating antiferromagnetic Heisenberg linear chain model with average exchange‐interaction values of J=−31.3 and −35.4 cm−1 (gsolid=2.0030 and 2.0028) and an alternation parameter a=0.15 and 0.38 for 5 and 6, respectively. However, radical 7 forms 1 D columns of radical pairs with alternating distances; one of the interplanar distances is significantly longer than the other, which decreases the magnetic dimensionality and leads to discrete dimers with a ferromagnetic exchange interaction between the radicals (2J=23.6 cm−1, 2zJ′=−2.8 cm−1, gsolid=2.0028). Magnetic exchange‐coupling interactions in 1,2,4‐benzotriazinyl radicals are sensitive to the degree of slippage and inter‐radical separation, and such subtle changes in structure alter the fine balance between ferro‐ and antiferromagnetic interactions.
Supramolecular Assemblies of Nucleoside Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Film Preparation, and Properties
Authors: Micoli Alessandra , Turco Antonio , Araujo‐Palomo Elsie , Encinas Armando , Quintana Mildred , Prato Maurizio 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNucleoside‐functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (N‐MWCNTs) were synthesized and characterized. A self‐organization process using hydrogen bonding interactions was then used for the fabrication of self‐assembled N‐MWCNTs films free of stabilizing agents, polymers, or surfactants. Membranes were produced by using a simple water‐dispersion‐based vacuum‐filtration method. Hydrogen‐bond recognition was confirmed by analysis with IR spectroscopy and TEM images. Restoration of the electronic conduction properties in the N‐MWCNTs membranes was performed by removing the organic portion by thermal treatment under an argon atmosphere to give d‐N‐MWCNTs. Electrical conductivity and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements confirmed the efficiency of the annealing process. Finally, oxidative biodegradation of the films N‐MWCNTs and d‐N‐MWCNTs was performed by using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and low concentrations of H2O2. Our results confirm that functional groups play an important role in the biodegradation of CNT by HRP: N‐MWCNTs films were completely biodegraded, whereas for d‐N‐MWCNTs films no degradation was observed, showing that the pristine CNT undergoes minimal enzyme‐catalyzed oxidation This novel methodology offers a straightforward supramolecular strategy for the construction of conductive and biodegradable carbon nanotube films.
Biomimetic Artificial Inorganic Enzyme‐Free Self‐Propelled Microfish Robot for Selective Detection of Pb2+ in Water
Authors: Moo James Guo Sheng , Wang Hong , Zhao Guanjia , Pumera Martin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe availability of drinking water is of utmost importance for the world population. Anthropogenic pollutants of water, such as heavy‐metal ions, are major problems in water contamination. The toxicity assays used range from cell assays to animal tests. Herein, we replace biological toxicity assays, which use higher organisms, with artificial inorganic self‐propelled microtubular robots. The viability and activity of these robots are negatively influenced by heavy metals, such as Pb2+, in a similar manner to that of live fish models. This allows the establishment of a lethal dose (LD50) of heavy metal for artificial inorganic microfish robots. The self‐propelled microfish robots show specific response to Pb2+ compared to other heavy metals, such as Cd2+, and can be used for selective determination of Pb2+ in water. It is a first step towards replacing the biological toxicity assays with biomimetic inorganic autonomous robotic systems.
Catalyst‐Free Photoredox Addition–Cyclisations: Exploitation of Natural Synergy between Aryl Acetic Acids and Maleimide
Authors: Manley David W. , Mills Andrew , O'Rourke Christopher , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Walton John C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSuitably functionalised carboxylic acids undergo a previously unknown photoredox reaction when irradiated with UVA in the presence of maleimide. Maleimide was found to synergistically act as a radical generating photoxidant and as a radical acceptor, negating the need for an extrinsic photoredox catalyst. Modest to excellent yields of the product chromenopyrroledione, thiochromenopyrroledione and pyrroloquinolinedione derivatives were obtained in thirteen preparative photolyses. In situ NMR spectroscopy was used to study each reaction. Reactant decay and product build‐up were monitored, enabling reaction profiles to be plotted. A plausible mechanism, whereby photo‐excited maleimide acts as an oxidant to generate a radical ion pair, has been postulated and is supported by UV/Vis. spectroscopy and DFT computations. The radical‐cation reactive intermediates were also characterised in solution by EPR spectroscopy.
Comparison of the Mass Transfer of Pendant and Levitated Droplets in CO2
Authors: Borosa Danijel , Brinkmann Jonas , Kareth Sabine , Kilzer Andreas , Petermann Marcus 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn einem akustischen Hochdruck‐Levitator können Flüssigkeiten berührungslos untersucht werden. Hier wurden akustisch levitierte Wassertropfen und hängende Wassertropfen bzgl. des Stofftransportkoeffizienten in einer ruhenden CO2‐Atmosphäre unter erhöhten Drücken verglichen. Anhand der Tropfengeometrie bzw. der zeitlichen Abnahme des Tropfenvolumens konnte der Stoffübergangskoeffizient von Wasser in Kohlenstoffdioxid zu jedem Zeitpunkt berechnet werden. Zudem wurden offene Fragen bezüglich möglicher Unterschiede zwischen hängenden und akustisch levitierten Tropfen erörtert.
Fractional Flow Reserve: An Updated Review
Authors: Elgendy Islam Y. , Conti C. Richard , Bavry Anthony A. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTRevascularization of ischemia‐producing coronary lesions is widely used in the management of coronary artery disease. However, some coronary lesions appear significant on the conventional angiogram when they are truly non–flow limiting. For this reason, it is becoming increasingly important to determine the coronary physiology. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) has emerged as a useful tool to determine the lesions that require revascularization. Measurement of FFR during invasive coronary angiography now has a class IA indication from the European Society of Cardiology for identifying hemodynamically significant coronary lesions when noninvasive evidence of myocardial ischemia is unavailable. Current data on FFR can be broadly classified into studies that compare the diagnostic accuracy of FFR measurement compared with other noninvasive modalities and studies that test treatment strategies of patients with intermediate coronary stenoses using a threshold value for FFR and that have clinical outcomes as endpoints. In this review, we will discuss the concept of FFR, current evidence supporting its usage, and future perspectives.
Time‐Trend Analysis on the Framingham Risk Score and Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Without Prior History of Coronary Vascular Disease Over the Last 17 Years: A Study From the Mayo Clinic PCI Registry
Authors: Lee Moo‐Sik , Flammer Andreas J. , Li Jing , Lennon Ryan J. , Singh Mandeep , Holmes David R. , Rihal Charanjit S. , Lerman Amir 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is a paucity of data on the temporal trends of cardiovascular risk factors in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We investigated the secular trends of risk profiles of patients undergoing PCI without prior history of cardiovascular disease (CVD).HypothesisCVD risk factors are changed over time.MethodsThis time‐trend analysis from 1994 to 2010 was performed within the Mayo Clinic PCI Registry. Outcome measures were prevalence of CVD risk factors, including the Framingham risk score (FRS), at the time of admission for PCI.ResultsDuring this period, 12,055 patients without a history of CVD (mean age, 65.0 ± 12.4 years, 67% male) underwent PCI at the Mayo Clinic. Age distribution slightly shifted toward older age (P for trend <0.05), but sex did not change over time. Despite a higher prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus over time, actual blood pressure and lipid profiles improved (P for trend <0.001). Over time, FRS and 10‐year CVD risk improved significantly (7.3 ± 3.2 to 6.5 ± 3.3, P for trend <0.001; and 11.0 to 9.0, P for trend <0.001, respectively). Body mass index, not included in the FRS, increased significantly (29.0 ± 5.2 to 30.1 ± 6.2 kg/m2, P for trend <0.001), whereas smoking prevalence did not change.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrates that although traditional FRS and its associated predicted 10‐year cardiovascular risk declined over time, the prevalence of risk factors increased in patients undergoing PCI. The study suggests the need for a new risk‐factor assessment in this patient population.
Quality of life changes during the pre‐ to postdiagnosis period and treatment‐related recovery time in older women with breast cancer
Authors: Stover Angela M. , Mayer Deborah K. , Muss Hyman , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Lyons Jessica C. , Reeve Bryce B. 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUNDHealth care providers have little population‐based evidence about health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) changes, from the pre‐ to postdiagnosis period, and treatment‐related recovery time for women aged 65 years and older diagnosed with breast cancer.METHODSOlder women with and without breast cancer completed self‐reports of HRQOL at baseline and 2 years later as part of annual Medicare Health Outcomes Surveys (MHOS). MHOS was linked to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries, which were used to categorize women with breast cancer by treatment type (breast‐conserving surgery, breast‐conserving surgery plus radiation, mastectomy) and time since diagnosis at follow‐up. Each cancer case diagnosed in 1998 through 2007 (N = 542) was matched to 5 women without cancer (N = 2710) using propensity score matching. Analysis of covariance models examined changes in HRQOL, adjusting for demographics and initial functioning.RESULTSOlder women within 6 months of diagnosis had greater declines than women without cancer in SF‐36 Physical (−5.8 vs −1.8) and Mental (−3.6 vs −0.7) Component Summary scores, General Health (−12.3 vs −4.6), Vitality (−11.0 vs −2.2), Bodily Pain (−8.5 vs −2.1), Social Functioning (−15.1 vs −3.3), Role‐Physical (−26.5 vs −3.9), and Role‐Emotional (−13.1 vs −3.1) scores (all P < .05). By approximately 1 year, women with and without breast cancer had similar HRQOL. Comparable declines in Physical Component Summary and Role‐Physical occurred across treatment types.CONCLUSIONSWomen aged 65 years and older diagnosed with breast cancer should be counseled that survivors within 6 months of diagnosis are vulnerable to HRQOL declines, compared to women without breast cancer, but that decrements generally wane after 12 months. Cancer 2014;120:1881–1889. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
A Novel pH/Light‐Triggered Surface for DNA Adsorption and Release
Authors: Birlik Demirel Gökçen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA simple strategy for the immobilization of Cy3‐labeled single strand DNA (Cy3‐ssDNA) on a Si(001) surface and its release under control of both light and pH stimuli is presented. In order to prepare a dual pH/light‐triggered surface, positively chargeable azobenzene molecules are self‐assembled on the Si(001) surface. The surface wettability of this substrate can be changed under influence of both light and pH conditions. The substrates can be positively charged under mildly acidic conditions. The pH‐sensitive behavior of the film allows binding of Cy3‐ssDNA on the functionalized Si(001) surface through eﬀective electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged polynucleotide backbone. Moreover, irradiation of the film with UVA light induces trans–cis isomerization of the azobenzene units on the surface. As a result, the binding aﬃnity for DNA decreases due to the changing surface hydrophilicity. In order to understand and control the reversible photoswitchable mechanism of this surface, water contact angles are measured after UVA and visible light irradiation. The release of DNA from a dual pH/light‐sensitive sample is performed using fluorescence microscopy. The results show that irradiation of the film with UVA light induces trans–cis isomerization of the photoresponsive azobenzene units; this leads to significant changes in the surface hydrophilicity and reduces the binding affinity for DNA.
Construction of High‐Energy‐Density Supercapacitors from Pine‐Cone‐Derived High‐Surface‐Area Carbons
Authors: Karthikeyan Kaliyappan , Amaresh Samuthirapandiyan , Lee Sol Nip , Sun Xueliang , Aravindan Vanchiappan , Lee Young‐Gi , Lee Yun Sung 
Published: March 2014

AbstractVery high surface area activated carbons (AC) are synthesized from pine cone petals by a chemical activation process and subsequently evaluated as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications in a nonaqueous medium. The maximum specific surface area of ∼3950 m2 g−1 is noted for the material treated with a 1:5 ratio of KOH to pine cone petals (PCC5), which is much higher than that reported for carbonaceous materials derived from various other biomass precursors. A symmetric supercapacitor is fabricated with PCC5 electrodes, and the results showed enhanced supercapacitive behavior with the highest energy density of ∼61 Wh kg−1. Furthermore, outstanding cycling ability is evidenced for such a configuration, and ∼90 % of the initial specific capacitance after 20 000 cycles under harsh conditions was observed. This result revealed that the pine‐cone‐derived high‐surface‐area AC can be used effectively as a promising electrode material to construct high‐energy‐density supercapacitors.
Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children—are they necessary?
Authors: Fu Linda Y. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEco‐paediatrics is an occasional feature in Evidence‐Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal. Our goal is to contribute to the worldwide discussion on reducing waste in health care. In each instalment, we will select a recent Cochrane review highlighting a practice, still in use, which the available evidence tells us should be discontinued.
Cochrane in context: Schedules for home visits in the early postpartum period
Authors: Naohiro Yonemoto , Dowswell Therese , Shuko Nagai , Rintaro Mori 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCochrane Review: Schedules for home visits in the early postpartum period Yonemoto N, Dowswell T, Nagai S, Mori R. Schedules for home visits in the early post‐partum period. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD009326. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009326.pub2.This companion piece to the review, “Schedules for home visits in the early post‐partum period,” contains the following pieces:

The abstract of the review
A commentary from one or more of the review authors, explaining why the review team felt the review was an important one to produce
A review of clinical practice guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), United Kingdom
Cochrane in context: Rifamycins compared to isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in HIV‐negative people at risk of active TB
Authors: Sharma Surendra K. , Kadhiravan Tamilarasu , Tharyan Prathap 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCochrane Review: Rifamycins (rifampicin, rifabutin, and rifapentine) compared to isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in HIV‐negative people at risk of active TB Sharma SK, Sharma A, Kadhiravan T, Tharyan P. Rifamycins (rifampicin, rifabutin and rifapentine) compared to isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in HIV‐negative people at risk of active TB. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD007545. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007545.pub2.This companion piece to the review, “Rifamycins (rifampicin, rifabutin, and rifapentine) compared to isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in HIV‐negative people at risk of active TB,” contains the following pieces:

The abstract of the review
A commentary from one or more of the review authors, explaining why the review team felt the review was an important one to produce
A review of clinical practice guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), United Kingdom
Some other recently published references on this topic
A statistical simulation model for field testing of non‐target organisms in environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants
Authors: Goedhart Paul W. , van der Voet Hilko , Baldacchino Ferdinando , Arpaia Salvatore 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGenetic modification of plants may result in unintended effects causing potentially adverse effects on the environment. A comparative safety assessment is therefore required by authorities, such as the European Food Safety Authority, in which the genetically modified plant is compared with its conventional counterpart. Part of the environmental risk assessment is a comparative field experiment in which the effect on non‐target organisms is compared. Statistical analysis of such trials come in two flavors: difference testing and equivalence testing. It is important to know the statistical properties of these, for example, the power to detect environmental change of a given magnitude, before the start of an experiment. Such prospective power analysis can best be studied by means of a statistical simulation model. This paper describes a general framework for simulating data typically encountered in environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants. The simulation model, available as Supplementary Material, can be used to generate count data having different statistical distributions possibly with excess‐zeros. In addition the model employs completely randomized or randomized block experiments, can be used to simulate single or multiple trials across environments, enables genotype by environment interaction by adding random variety effects, and finally includes repeated measures in time following a constant, linear or quadratic pattern in time possibly with some form of autocorrelation. The model also allows to add a set of reference varieties to the GM plants and its comparator to assess the natural variation which can then be used to set limits of concern for equivalence testing. The different count distributions are described in some detail and some examples of how to use the simulation model to study various aspects, including a prospective power analysis, are provided.