bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of benzodiazepines for tinnitus: systematic review
Authors: Jufas N E , Wood R 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectives:To investigate the effectiveness of benzodiazepine use for subjective tinnitus and to consider this in the context of the concomitant side effects.Methods:A systematic search of several databases using the terms ‘tinnitus’ and ‘benzodiazepines’ was conducted to find clinical trials of benzodiazepines and comparators in tinnitus patients. These studies were then assessed for risk of bias.Results:Six clinical trials were included. Clonazepam was found to be effective in three studies, but these studies had limitations regarding adequate blinding. The effectiveness of alprazolam was equivocal. Diazepam was not effective in two studies and oxazepam was effective in one study.Conclusion:Benzodiazepine use for subjective tinnitus does not have a robust evidence base. Clonazepam has the most evidence to support its use and is relatively less likely to lead to abuse because of its longer half-life, but caution is still needed given the other serious side effects.
The King Who Would Be Prefect: Authority and Identity in the Cottian Alps
Authors: Cornwell Hannah 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the language of power and authority in the Italian Alps, after the Roman pacification of the area in 14b.c.The focus of the examination is an arch set up at Segusio to Augustus by a local dynast named Cottius, which allows us to consider how the incorporation of the region into the Roman Empire was perceived and presented from a ‘local’ point of view, and how we might use our interpretations to construct ideas of identity and power relationships integral to early imperial provincial administration.
“Money is the Only Advantage”: Reconsidering the History of Gender, Labor, and Emigration among US Teachers in the Late Nineteenth Century
Authors: Leroux Karen 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLacking the power to improve the terms and conditions of school teaching at home, more than seventy US women migrated to work for the Argentine government in the last third of the nineteenth century. Only a few studies have researched this episode in the history of teachers, interpreting it as an uplifting, civilizing mission and characterizing the teachers as valiant, benevolent, and occasionally misguided reformers. Yet these migrant teachers' own words suggest that the desire to uplift played little part in their migration decisions, whereas low pay and limited employment opportunities for women figured prominently. Drawing on diaries, correspondence, newspapers, and census records, this study explores how these migrant teachers understood themselves, their work, and their social location. The analysis offers new insight into these teachers' identities as workers both at home and abroad. While acknowledging how teachers' labor served reform objectives, the essay argues that the long history of teaching in the United States needs to be reconsidered as a labor history.
Who Speaks for Workers? Japan and the 1919 ILO Debates Over Rights and Global Labor Standards
Authors: Cobble Dorothy Sue 
Published: July 2015

AbstractContrary to conventional wisdom, some of the most contentious disputes over international labor standards and worker rights occurred not between Western nations and the “rest” but within single nations. To explore the deep fissures in Japanese society over the rights of women and workers, I offer the first scholarly account of Japan's only woman representative to the ILO's inaugural 1919 Washington conference, elite social feminist Tanaka Taka, grandniece of renowned Japanese capitalist Shibusawa Eiichi. I recount her efforts in Japan and in Washington to secure free speech and economic rights for Japan's workers, men and women, and detail the hostilities she encountered from employers and organized labor. In addition, I reconstruct the parallel tale of factory supervisor Masumoto Uhei whose appointment as Japan's labor delegate led to widespread labor protests and a power struggle between trade unions and the state in Japan. The debate over who would speak for Japan's workers at the ILO and whether Japan would accept the labor standards being proposed by Western nations captured worldwide attention. It changed ideas in the East and the West about what Japan's workers deserved and desired and had lasting consequences for global politics and social policy.
“Oceans without Borders”: Dialectics of Transcolonial Labor Migration from the Indian Ocean World to the Atlantic Ocean World
Authors: Hurgobin Yoshina , Basu Subho 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBy investigating the hitherto unstudied trans-colonial migration between Mauritius and the Caribbean in the nineteenth century, this article complicates liberal Eurocentric perceptions of global labor force formation under the auspices of colonial capital. Indeed, coercion, as depicted in liberal historiography, was a crucial component of indentured migration but indentured workers themselves sometimes availed of the opportunity of the global demand for their labor by engaging in trans-colonial migration. The dialectic of the formation of globalized indentured labor regime was such that while capital sought to confine workers to specific plantations, the very nature of the demand for labor enabled workers to defy the dictates of capital and further enabled them to move from one colony to another in search of better livelihoods and thus made them globally mobile. These migrations did not follow the so-called boundaries between the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. Rather such migrations reflected workers’ search for jobs through trans-colonial networks within the framework of imperial domination.
Boundary singularities on a wedge-like domain of a semilinear elliptic equation
Authors: Gkikas Konstantinos T. 
Published: July 2015

Letn≥ 2 and letbe a Lipschitz wedge-like domain. We construct positive weak solutions of the problemthat vanish in a suitable trace sense on∂Ω, but which are singular at a prescribed ‘edge’ ofΩifpis equal to or slightly above a certain exponentp0> 1 that depends onΩ. Moreover, for the case in whichΩis unbounded, the solutions have fast decay at infinity.
Serological evidence for the circulation of flaviviruses in seabird populations of the western Indian Ocean
Authors: JAEGER A. , LECOLLINET S. , BECK C. , BASTIEN M. , LE CORRE M. , DELLAGI K. , PASCALIS H. , BOULINIER T. , LEBARBENCHON C. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYBirds play a central role in the epidemiology of several flaviviruses of concern for public and veterinary health. Seabirds represent the most abundant and widespread avifauna in the western Indian Ocean and may play an important role as host reservoirs and spreaders of arthropod-borne pathogens such as flaviviruses. We report the results of a serological investigation based on blood samples collected from nine seabird species from seven islands in the Indian Ocean. Using a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay directed against the prototypic West Nile flavivirus, antibodies against flaviviruses were detected in the serum of 47 of the 855 seabirds tested. They were detected in bird samples from three islands and from four bird species. Seroneutralization tests on adults and chicks suggested that great frigatebirds (Fregata minor) from Europa were infected by West Nile virus during their non-breeding period, and that Usutu virus probably circulated within bird colonies on Tromelin and on Juan de Nova. Real-time polymerase chain reactions performed on bird blood samples did not yield positive results precluding the genetic characterization of flavivirus using RNA sequencing. Our findings stress the need to further investigate flavivirus infections in arthropod vectors present in seabird colonies.
Toward a developmentally informed approach to parenting interventions: Seeking hidden effects
Authors: Brock Rebecca L. , Kochanska Grazyna 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDrawing from developmental psychology and psychopathology, we propose a new, developmentally informed approach to parenting interventions that focuses on elucidating changes in the unfolding developmental process between the parent and child. We present data from 186 low-income mothers of toddlers, randomly assigned to a child-oriented play group or a play-as-usual group. We examined the maladaptive cascade from child difficulty to mother adversarial, negative parenting to child maladjustment, well documented in the literature. The measures incorporated multiple observations and reports. As expected, the sequence from child difficulty (pretest) to mother adversarial, negative parenting (Posttest 1, after 3-month intervention) to child maladjustment (Posttest 2, 6 months later) was present in the play-as-usual group, but absent, or defused, in the child-oriented play group. The findings are consistent with a view of intervention presumably enhancing the mother–child relationship, which in turn served to moderate future mother–child dynamics, altering its otherwise anticipated negative trajectory. A closer examination of the cascade revealed that, at Posttest 1, mothers in the play-as-usual group engaged in more adversarial, negative parenting (controlling for pretest) than did mothers in the child-oriented play group when their children were of high difficulty. The intervention appears to exert its primary influence on the cascade by weakening the link between child difficulty and maternal adversarial, negative parenting.
Evaluation of splittable pseudo-random generators
Authors: SCHAATHUN HANS GEORG 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPseudo-random number generation is a fundamental problem in computer programming. In the case of sequential processing the problem is very well researched, but parallel processing raises new problems whereof far too little is currently understood. Splittable pseudo-random generators (S-PRNG) have been proposed to meet the challenges of parallelism. While applicable to any programming paradigm, they are designed to be particularly suitable for pure functional programming. In this paper, we review and evaluate known constructions of such generators, and we identify flaws in several large classes of generators, including Lehmer trees, the implementation in Haskell's standard library, leapfrog, and subsequencing (substreaming).
Gavin Hamilton of Calcutta and the Nicobar Breadfruit
Authors: NOLTIE HENRY J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTwo drawings made on Carnicobar Island, possibly early in 1786, by the Calcutta merchant Gavin Hamilton (1754-1820), are discussed. One of them has previously been attributed to Robert Hyde Colebrooke so his later visit to the Nicobar Islands is discussed as is the earlier one of Nicola Fontana. Also discussed is the work of Sir William Jones on the Carnicobar breadfruit (Pandanus leram).
NON-UNITARISABLE REPRESENTATIONS AND MAXIMAL SYMMETRY
Authors: Ferenczi Valentin , Rosendal Christian 
Published: July 2015

We investigate questions of maximal symmetry in Banach spaces and the structure of certain bounded non-unitarisable groups on Hilbert space. In particular, we provide structural information about bounded groups with an essentially unique invariant complemented subspace. This is subsequently combined with rigidity results for the unitary representation of $\text{Aut}(T)$ on $\ell _{2}(T)$, where $T$ is the countably infinite regular tree, to describe the possible bounded subgroups of $\text{GL}({\mathcal{H}})$ extending a well-known non-unitarisable representation of $\mathbb{F}_{\infty }$.As a related result, we also show that a transitive norm on a separable Banach space must be strictly convex.
Deciphering population structure and diversity inLuffa cylindrica(L.) M. Roem. using morphological and sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers
Authors: Tyagi Ruchi , Sharma Vinay , Sureja Amish Kumar , Munshi Anilabh Das , Arya Lalit , Verma Manjusha 
Published: July 2015

Luffa cylindrica(L.) M. Roem. is an underutilized vegetable and a potential biodiesel crop for future. Its fruits are edible and used as vegetable. To aid in the selection of lines for breeding, genetic variation and structure of ten populations ofL. cylindricawere determined with three morphological characters and 23 sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. All the three morphological characters were found diverse among 45 accessions. The SRAP primers produced a total of 177 bands, out of which 129 were polymorphic. Informative markers assessed by different measures (polymorphism information content = 0.18, marker index = 1.26, resolving power = 2.87) will direct the selection of primers for cultivar identification inL. cylindrica. Low level of genetic differentiation among populations and higher level within populations (Gst= 0.4073,Nm= 0.7277,He= 0.124,I= 0.20) was detected that might be due to cross-pollinated nature ofL. cylindrica. The clustering pattern obtained through dendrogram and principal coordinate analysis was loosely concordant with the geographical distribution. The Bayesian structure analysis indicated an admixture type of population distribution. The results designate that SRAP and morphological markers are informative for characterization ofL. cylindricaand identification of distinctive cultivars.
Influence of different soil management practices on ground-flora vegetation in an almond orchard
Authors: Fracchiolla M. , Terzi M. , Frabboni L. , Caramia D. , Lasorella C. , De Giorgio D. , Montemurro P. , Cazzato E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper reports a survey on the weed flora and seed bank in an almond orchard sited in Apulia region (Southern Italy), where the following soil management practices have been compared for over 30 yrs: no-tillage, keeping the soil totally weed-free throughout the year by using pre-emergence herbicides to prevent plant emergence or post-emergence herbicides in case of weeds already emerged; no-tillage, with post-emergence herbicides; no-tillage, with mowing of natural weed flora in spring; cover cropping, with faba bean sown in November and green manured in springtime; conventional soil tillage. The different management techniques influenced significantly the weed flora in experimental plots, both in terms of quantity and quality. The seed bank was clearly impoverished after the long-term applications of pre-emergence herbicides, both in terms of richness and of diversity. During the fall period, the plots of conventional tillage or pre-emergence herbicides had less natural ground-flora than the others. During springtime, prior to the sward control practices, the plots treated by foliar herbicides or mowing had the highest total weed cover. We conclude that post-emergence weed control by mowing or using chemical herbicides or the green manure of the cover crop may be proposed to reduce impact to the soil and to promote the growth of abundant and sufficiently diversified and balanced flora. If appropriately managed, this flora can provide potential ecological services, without competing with the orchard, as suggested by the literature. During the autumn, natural flora can uptake soil nitrogen thus preventing leaching in the rainy season. In springtime, after the sward has been destroyed, natural flora can supply a substantial amount of biomass to the soil. Indicator species analysis was also used to find the species characterizing each treatment and some of their combinations. Weeds belonging to thePoaceaebotanical family were significantly associated with post-emergence herbicides and mowing treatments. These species produce a substantial amount of biomass and have bunched roots; consequently, they supply beneficial effects by improving porosity and structure of the soil and reducing erosion hazard.
Shifts in bacterial community composition associated with increased carbon cycling in a mosaic of phytoplankton blooms
Authors: Landa Marine , Blain Stéphane , Christaki Urania , Monchy Sébastien , Obernosterer Ingrid 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Marine microbes have a pivotal role in the marine biogeochemical cycle of carbon, because they regulate the turnover of dissolved organic matter (DOM), one of the largest carbon reservoirs on Earth. Microbial communities and DOM are both highly diverse components of the ocean system, yet the role of microbial diversity for carbon processing remains thus far poorly understood. We report here results from an exploration of a mosaic of phytoplankton blooms induced by large-scale natural iron fertilization in the Southern Ocean. We show that in this unique ecosystem where concentrations of DOM are lowest in the global ocean, a patchwork of blooms is associated with diverse and distinct bacterial communities. By using on-board continuous cultures, we identify preferences in the degradation of DOM of different reactivity for taxa associated with contrasting blooms. We used the spatial and temporal variability provided by this natural laboratory to demonstrate that the magnitude of bacterial production is linked to the extent of compositional changes. Our results suggest that partitioning of the DOM resource could be a mechanism that structures bacterial communities with a positive feedback on carbon cycling. Our study, focused on bacterial carbon processing, highlights the potential role of diversity as a driving force for the cycling of biogeochemical elements.
Phosphorylation status determines the opposing functions of Smad2/Smad3 as STAT3 cofactors in TH17 differentiation
Authors: Yoon Jeong-Hwan , Sudo Katsuko , Kuroda Masahiko , Kato Mitsuyasu , Lee In-Kyu , Han Jin Soo , Nakae Susumu , Imamura Takeshi , Kim Juryun , Ju Ji Hyeon , Kim Dae-Kee , Matsuzaki Koichi , Weinstein Michael , Matsumoto Isao , Sumida Takayuki , Mamura Mizuko 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTransforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are the pivotal cytokines to induce IL-17-producing CD4+ T helper cells (TH17); yet their signalling network remains largely unknown. Here we show that the highly homologous TGF-β receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads): Smad2 and Smad3 oppositely modify STAT3-induced transcription of IL-17A and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor, RORγt encoded by Rorc, by acting as a co-activator and co-repressor of STAT3, respectively. Smad2 linker phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) at the serine 255 residue interacts with STAT3 and p300 to transactivate, whereas carboxy-terminal unphosphorylated Smad3 interacts with STAT3 and protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (PIAS3) to repress the Rorc and Il17a genes. Our work uncovers carboxy-terminal phosphorylation-independent noncanonical R-Smad–STAT3 signalling network in TH17 differentiation.
Drivers of the US CO2 emissions 1997–2013
Authors: Feng Kuishuang , Davis Steven J. , Sun Laixiang , Hubacek Klaus 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFossil fuel CO2 emissions in the United States decreased by ∼11% between 2007 and 2013, from 6,023 to 5,377 Mt. This decline has been widely attributed to a shift from the use of coal to natural gas in US electricity production. However, the factors driving the decline have not been quantitatively evaluated; the role of natural gas in the decline therefore remains speculative. Here we analyse the factors affecting US emissions from 1997 to 2013. Before 2007, rising emissions were primarily driven by economic growth. After 2007, decreasing emissions were largely a result of economic recession with changes in fuel mix (for example, substitution of natural gas for coal) playing a comparatively minor role. Energy–climate policies may, therefore, be necessary to lock-in the recent emissions reductions and drive further decarbonization of the energy system as the US economy recovers and grows.
Eliminating material constraints for nonlinearity with plasmonic metamaterials
Authors: Neira Andres D. , Olivier Nicolas , Nasir Mazhar E. , Dickson Wayne , Wurtz Gregory A. , Zayats Anatoly V. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNonlinear optical materials comprise the foundation of modern photonics, offering functionalities ranging from ultrafast lasers to optical switching, harmonic and soliton generation. Optical nonlinearities are typically strong near the electronic resonances of a material and thus provide limited tuneability for practical use. Here we show that in plasmonic nanorod metamaterials, the Kerr-type nonlinearity is not limited by the nonlinear properties of the constituents. Compared with gold’s nonlinearity, the measured nonlinear absorption and refraction demonstrate more than two orders of magnitude enhancement over a broad spectral range that can be engineered via geometrical parameters. Depending on the metamaterial’s effective plasma frequency, either a focusing or defocusing nonlinearity is observed. The ability to obtain strong and fast optical nonlinearities in a given spectral range makes these metamaterials a flexible platform for the development of low-intensity nonlinear applications.
Preventing breast cancer now by acting on what we already know
Authors: Colditz Graham A , Bohlke Kari 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe age-specific rate of breast cancer rises rapidly through premenopausal years and significantly more slowly after menopause. Reproductive factors affect cell proliferation and the accumulation of genetic changes. Lifetime risk of breast cancer is linearly related to the length of the interval from menarche to first birth. Lifestyle changes that accompany industrialization, together with shifting reproductive patterns, drive up incidence rates. Prevention must begin early in the life as almost one-quarter of cases are diagnosed before age 50 in high-income countries. This requires greater emphasis on prevention across the life course to address the global burden of breast cancer.
Protection against β-amyloid-induced synaptic and memory impairments via altering β-amyloid assembly by bis(heptyl)-cognitin
Authors: Chang Lan , Cui Wei , Yang Yong , Xu Shujun , Zhou Wenhua , Fu Hongjun , Hu Shengquan , Mak Shinghung , Hu Juwei , Wang Qin , Pui-Yan Ma Victor , Chung-lit Choi Tony , Dik-lung Ma Edmond , Tao Liang , Pang Yuanping , Rowan Michael J. , Anwyl Roger , Han Yifan , Wang Qinwen 
Published: July 2015

Abstractβ-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers have been closely implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We found, for the first time, that bis(heptyl)-cognitin, a novel dimeric acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor derived from tacrine, prevented Aβ oligomers-induced inhibition of long-term potentiation (LTP) at concentrations that did not interfere with normal LTP. Bis(heptyl)-cognitin also prevented Aβ oligomers-induced synaptotoxicity in primary hippocampal neurons. In contrast, tacrine and donepezil, typical AChE inhibitors, could not prevent synaptic impairments in these models, indicating that the modification of Aβ oligomers toxicity by bis(heptyl)-cognitin might be attributed to a mechanism other than AChE inhibition. Studies by using dot blotting, immunoblotting, circular dichroism spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy have shown that bis(heptyl)-cognitin altered Aβ assembly via directly inhibiting Aβ oligomers formation and reducing the amount of preformed Aβ oligomers. Molecular docking analysis further suggested that bis(heptyl)-cognitin presumably interacted with the hydrophobic pockets of Aβ, which confers stabilizing powers and assembly alteration effects on Aβ. Most importantly, bis(heptyl)-cognitin significantly reduced cognitive impairments induced by intra-hippocampal infusion of Aβ oligomers in mice. These results clearly demonstrated how dimeric agents prevent Aβ oligomers-induced synaptic and memory impairments and offered a strong support for the beneficial therapeutic effects of bis(heptyl)-cognitin in the treatment of AD.