bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spatial and signal characteristics of physiologic high frequency oscillations
Authors: Alkawadri Rafeed , Gaspard Nicolas , Goncharova Irina I. , Spencer Dennis D. , Gerrard Jason L. , Zaveri Hitten , Duckrow Robert B. , Blumenfeld Hal , Hirsch Lawrence J. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryObjectivesTo study the incidence, spatial distribution, and signal characteristics of high frequency oscillations (HFOs) outside the epileptic network.MethodsWe included patients who underwent invasive evaluations at Yale Comprehensive Epilepsy Center from 2012 to 2013, had all major lobes sampled, and had localizable seizure onsets. Segments of non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep prior to the first seizure were analyzed. We implemented a semiautomated process to analyze oscillations with peak frequencies >80 Hz (ripples 80–250 Hz; fast ripples 250–500 Hz). A contact location was considered epileptic if it exhibited epileptiform discharges during the intracranial evaluation or was involved ictally within 5 s of seizure onset; otherwise it was considered nonepileptic.ResultsWe analyzed recordings from 1,209 electrode contacts in seven patients. The nonepileptic contacts constituted 79.1% of the total number of contacts. Ripples constituted 99% of total detections. Eighty‐two percent of all HFOs were seen in 45.2% of the nonepileptic contacts (82.1%, 47%, 34.6%, and 34% of the occipital, parietal, frontal, and temporal nonepileptic contacts, respectively). The following sublobes exhibited physiologic HFOs in all patients: Perirolandic, basal temporal, and occipital subregions. The ripples from nonepileptic sites had longer duration, higher amplitude, and lower peak frequency than ripples from epileptic sites. A high HFO rate (>1/min) was seen in 110 nonepileptic contacts, of which 68.2% were occipital. Fast ripples were less common, seen in nonepileptic parietooccipital regions only in two patients and in the epileptic mesial temporal structures.ConclusionsThere is consistent occurrence of physiologic HFOs over vast areas of the neocortex outside the epileptic network. HFOs from nonepileptic regions were seen in the occipital lobes and in the perirolandic region in all patients. Although duration of ripples and peak frequency of HFOs are the most effective measures in distinguishing pathologic from physiologic events, there was significant overlap between the two groups.
Positional cloning of the sex‐linked giant egg (Ge) locus in the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Fujii T. , Abe H. , Kawamoto M. , Banno Y. , Shimada T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe giant egg (Ge) locus is a Z‐linked mutation that leads to the production of large eggs. Cytological observations suggest that an unusual translocation of a large fragment of the W chromosome bearing a putative egg size‐determining gene, Esd, gave rise to giant egg mutants. However, there is currently no molecular evidence confirming either a W–Z translocation or the presence of Esd on the W chromosome. To elucidate the origin of giant egg mutants, we performed positional cloning. We observed that the Bombyx mori. orthologue of the human Phytanoyl‐CoA dioxygenase domain containing 1 gene (PHYHD1) is disrupted in giant egg mutants. PHYHD1 is highly conserved in eukaryotes and is predicted to be a Fe(II) and 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent oxygenase. Exon skipping in one of the two available Ge mutants is probably caused by the insertion of a non‐long terminal repeat transposon into intron 4 in the vicinity of the 5′ splice site. Segmental duplication in Ge2, an independent allele, was caused by unequal recombination between short interspersed elements inserted into introns 3 and 5. Our results indicate that (1) Bombyx PHYHD1 is responsible for the Ge mutants and that (2) the Ge locus is unrelated to the W‐linked putative Esd. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the phenotypic defects caused by mutations in PHYHD1 orthologues.
Sparse evidence of MERS‐CoV infection among animal workers living in Southern Saudi Arabia during 2012
Authors: Memish Ziad A. , Alsahly Ahmad , Masri Malak al , Heil Gary L. , Anderson Benjamin D. , Peiris Malik , Khan Salah Uddin , Gray Gregory C. 
Published: December 2014

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) is an emerging viral pathogen that primarily causes respiratory illness. We conducted a seroprevalence study of banked human serum samples collected in 2012 from Southern Saudi Arabia. Sera from 300 animal workers (17% with daily camel exposure) and 50 non‐animal‐exposed controls were examined for serological evidence of MERS‐CoV infection by a pseudoparticle MERS‐CoV spike protein neutralization assay. None of the sera reproducibly neutralized the MERS‐CoV‐pseudotyped lentiviral vector. These data suggest that serological evidence of zoonotic transmission of MERS‐CoV was not common among animal workers in Southern Saudi Arabia during July 2012.
The role of the small GTPase Rab31 in cancer
Authors: Chua Christelle En Lin , Tang Bor Luen 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMembers of the small GTPase family Rab are emerging as potentially important factors in cancer development and progression. A good number of Rabs have been implicated or associated with various human cancers, and much recent excitement has been associated with the roles of the Rab11 subfamily member Rab25 and its effector, the Rab coupling protein (RCP), in tumourigenesis and metastasis. In this review, we focus on a Rab5 subfamily member, Rab31, and its implicated role in cancer. Well recognized as a breast cancer marker with good prognostic value, recent findings have provided some insights as to the mechanism underlying Rab31's influence on oncogenesis. Levels of Oestrogen Receptor α (ERα)‐ responsive Rab31 could be elevated through stabilization of its transcript by the RNA binding protein HuR, or though activation by the oncoprotein mucin1‐C (MUC1‐C), which forms a transcriptional complex with ERα. Elevated Rab31 stabilizes MUC1‐C levels in an auto‐inductive loop that could lead to aberrant signalling and gene expression associated with cancer progression. Rab31 and its guanine nucleotide exchange factor GAPex‐5 have, however, also been shown to enhance early endosome‐late endosome transport and degradation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The multifaceted action and influences of Rab31 in cancer is discussed in the light of its new interacting partners and pathways.
The role of the dementia specialist nurse in acute care: a scoping review
Authors: Griffiths Peter , Bridges Jackie , Sheldon Helen , Thompson Rachel 
Published: December 2014

Aims and objectivesTo identify the potential benefits of dementia specialist nursing and to inform the implementation of roles to support people with dementia during hospital admission.BackgroundExtended stays and adverse events mean that hospital admissions are costly for people with dementia, and patient experiences and outcomes can be poor. Specialist nurses have been identified as having potential to enhance care quality, reduce excess stays and reduce costs, but the evidence base for dementia specialist nurse roles has not previously been synthesised.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesCochrane Library, Campbell Collaboration, Clinical Evidence, Evidence‐Based Medicine, York Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL and PsycInfo databases and internet searches and personal libraries/expert consultation to identify grey literature.MethodsInitial scoping searches were used to inform more focused systematic searches. Studies directly evaluating dementia nurse specialist roles or giving evidence of effectiveness of interventions/services that could be delivered by them to improve core outcomes were identified by one reviewer and verified by a second reviewer.ResultsWhile direct evidence for the effectiveness of these roles is lacking, a number of areas were identified in which a nurse specialist role could make a contribution, including preventing adverse events and improving patient experiences and outcomes. There is a considerable body of evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions although the volume of evidence for specific interventions is not always significant.ConclusionsThe evidence indicates that a skilled dementia specialist nurse, undertaking a clearly defined role, and working directly with people with dementia and their carers for a significant proportion of the time, could benefit people with dementia in hospitals and their family carers.Relevance to clinical practiceClear guidance for the development and implementation of dementia specialist nurse roles in acute hospital settings.
HOW NURSES' ATTITUDES AND ACTIONS CAN INFLUENCE SHARED CARE
Authors: Davison Ian , Cooke Sandra 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYBackgroundPatients with long‐term conditions may benefit from involvement in decision‐making and the management of their condition. This requires nurses to have a training role, which may conflict with their traditional identity as nurses.AimTo explore the differences in attitudes and behaviours of ‘carer’ and ‘trainer’ nurses to patients taking increasing responsibility and control of their own care on long‐term haemodialysis wards.DesignQualitative comparison of different nursing styles.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 30 patients and 44 nurses between September and November 2012. Participants were recruited from seven haemodialysis units in the UK. Data were analysed thematically using codes derived from theories associated with the research questions.Findings‘Carer’ nurses give bite‐sized chunks of information to their patients about diet and medication. Treatment decisions are made with minimal patient discussion and all aspects of dialysis are performed by staff. Nurses who are most like trainers encourage patients to have a broader understanding of their condition and genuinely involve patients in decisions. Such nurses are happy to encourage appropriate patients to self‐dialyse.ConclusionInitiatives to enable patients with chronic illnesses to look after themselves have the potential to empower patients, aid recovery and save money. However, such initiatives can create tension between the carer identity of nurses and their role as trainers. To encourage haemodialysis patients to dialyse themselves, nurses need to: educate for broad understanding and empowerment; participate in patient‐led decision‐making about diet and lifestyle; and encourage shared decision‐making for medication and dialysis.
Psychotherapy Utilization Among Rural and Urban Veterans From 2007 to 2010
Authors: Mott Juliette M. , Grubbs Kathleen M. , Sansgiry Shubhada , Fortney John C. , Cully Jeffrey A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated change in rural and urban veterans’ psychotherapy use during a period of widespread effort within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) to engage rural veterans in mental health care.MethodsNational VHA administrative databases were queried for patients receiving a new diagnosis of depression, anxiety, or posttraumatic stress disorder in fiscal years (FY) 2007 and 2010. Using the US Department of Agriculture Rural‐Urban Continuum Codes, we identified urban (FY 2007: n = 192,347; FY 2010: n = 231,471) and rural (FY 2007: n = 72,923; FY 2010: n = 81,905) veterans. Veterans’ psychotherapy use during the 12 months following diagnosis was assessed.FindingsFrom FY 2007 to 2010, the proportion of veterans receiving any psychotherapy increased from 17% to 22% for rural veterans and 24% to 28% for urban veterans. Rural veterans were less likely to receive psychotherapy across both fiscal years; however, the magnitude of this disparity decreased significantly from 2007 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51) to 2010 (OR = 1.41). Similarly, although urban veterans received more psychotherapy sessions, urban‐rural disparities in the receipt of 8 or more psychotherapy sessions decreased over the study period (2007: OR = 2.32; 2010: OR = 1.69).ConclusionsRural and urban veterans are increasingly making use of psychotherapy, and rural‐urban gaps in psychotherapy use are shrinking. These improvements suggest that recent VHA efforts to engage rural veterans in care have been successful at reducing differences between rural and urban veterans with respect to access and engagement in psychotherapy.
Re‐Visiting Sylvia Townsend Warner
Authors: Plock Vike Martina , Murray Alex 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSylvia Townsend Warner was born in 1893 in Harrow and died in Dorset in 1978. Her writing career was both productive and diverse, spanning poems, short stories, novels, music reviews, a biography, translations of Proust, and a guide to Somerset. But this list, impressive as it is, does not do justice to the idiosyncrasy and heterogeneity of her work. While she is well known mostly for the seven novels she published, those works are all radically different in style and content. Indeed, Townsend Warner's singularity has, it could be argued, made it difficult to place her in the various fields and sub‐fields of 20th‐century literary studies. She shares as many similarities as differences with the high modernists who dominated the literary landscape of the interwar period. Likewise she fits, yet also resists, the more recent formulations of intermodernist and middlebrow scholarship that have attempted to interrogate and expand the horizons of mid‐20th century literature.
Sylvia Townsend Warner Scholarship 1978–2013: An Annotated Bibliography with Introduction
Authors: Montefiore Janet 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis bibliography lists all the writings by and on Sylvia Townsend Warner in Britain and the USA published since her death in 1978. Because no comprehensive critical account of her work has yet appeared, there is a need to cover her own work and its critical reception. Posthumous editions of Sylvia Townsend Warner's work have revealed a brilliant and many‐sided oeuvre that includes poetry, short stories, memoir, biography and translations, but critics have mainly focused on her early novels and late fairy stories, a bias which this twofold bibliography aims to redress by including both editorial and critical work.
‘My Mother Won the War’: Patriotism and the First World War in Sylvia Townsend Warner's Scenes of Childhood (1981)
Authors: Hopkins Chris 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis essay discusses the subversive treatment of the First World War and patriotism in four of Sylvia Townsend Warner's neglected New Yorker short stories from the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, later collected in Scenes of Childhood and Other Stories (1981).
Routine bacterial screening of platelet concentrates by flow cytometry and its impact on product safety and supply
Authors: Müller B. , Walther‐Wenke G. , Kalus M. , Alt T. , Bux J. , Zeiler T. , Schottstedt V. 
Published: December 2014

Background and ObjectivesBacterial contamination represents the major infectious hazard associated with transfusion of platelet concentrates (PCs). As bacterial screening of PCs is not mandatory in Germany, the BactiFlow flow cytometry test has been introduced as a rapid detection method to increase product safety.Materials and MethodsDuring a period of 25 months, a total of 34 631 PCs (26 411 pooled and 8220 apheresis‐derived PCs) were tested at the end of day 3 of their shelf life using the BactiFlow system. PCs initially reactive in BactiFlow testing and expired PCs not reactive in BactiFlow on day 3 were also investigated by the BacT/ALERT system and by microbiological cultivation in order to identify the contaminating bacterial species and to confirm reactive BactiFlow results.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty‐eight PCs (0·7%) had an initially reactive result, 24 of them remained reactive in a second test run. Out of these reproducible reactive BactiFlow results, 12 could not be verified by parallel BacT/ALERT culturing, resulting in a confirmed false‐positive rate of 0·03%. The bacterial species were identified as S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis and B. cereus. In 10 out of 9017 expired PCs (0·11%), a confirmed‐positive result was obtained in the BacT/ALERT system which had a negative result in the BactiFlow system.ConclusionTesting of PCs by BactiFlow was successfully implemented in our blood donation service and proved sufficient as a rapid and reliable screening method. False reactive results are in an acceptable range since the transfusion of 12 bacterially contaminated PCs was prevented.
Febrile non‐haemolytic transfusion reaction occurrence and potential risk factors among the U.S. elderly transfused in the inpatient setting, as recorded in Medicare databases during 2011–2012
Authors: Menis M. , Forshee R. A. , Anderson S. A. , McKean S. , Gondalia R. , Warnock R. , Johnson C. , Mintz P. D. , Worrall C. M. , Kelman J. A. , Izurieta H. S. 
Published: December 2014

Background and ObjectivesFebrile non‐haemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) is an acute transfusion complication resulting in fever, chills and/or rigours. Study's objective was to assess FNHTR occurrence and potential risk factors among inpatient U.S. elderly Medicare beneficiaries, ages 65 and older, during 2011–2012.Materials and MethodsOur retrospective claims‐based study utilized large Medicare administrative databases. FNHTR was ascertained via ICD‐9‐CM diagnosis code, and transfusions were identified by recorded procedure and revenue centre codes. The study ascertained FNHTR rates among the inpatient elderly overall and by age, gender, race, blood components and units transfused. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess potential risk factors.ResultsAmong 4 336 338 inpatient transfusion stays for elderly during 2011–2012, 2517 had FNHTR diagnosis recorded, an overall rate of 58·0 per 100 000 stays. FNHTR rates (per 100 000 stays) varied by age, gender, number of units and blood components transfused. FNHTR rates were substantially higher for RBCs‐ and platelets‐containing transfusions as compared to plasma only. Significantly higher odds of FNHTR were identified with greater number of units transfused (P < 0·01), for females vs. males (OR = 1·15, 95% CI 1·04–1·27), and with 1‐year histories of transfusion (OR = 1·25, 95% CI 1·10–1·42), lymphoma (OR = 1·22, 95% CI 1·02–1·46), leukaemia (OR = 1·90, 95% CI 1·56–2·31) and other diseases.ConclusionsOur study shows increased FNHTR occurrence among elderly with greater number of units and with RBCs‐ and platelets‐containing transfusions, suggesting need to evaluate effectiveness of prestorage leucoreduction in elderly. The study also suggests importance of prior recipient alloimmunization and underlying health conditions in the development of FNHTR.
Flow Characteristics of Gerotor Pumps With Novel Variable Clearance Designs
Authors: Hsieh Chiu-Fan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAlthough gerotor pumps are used in a wide range of industrial applications, higher work pressure causes shock or collision among pump components, which leads to large stress fluctuations and shortened pump life expectancy. This paper therefore proposes a novel variable clearance design that diminishes such component collisions. After a geometric mathematical model is constructed of variable clearance rotors, a fluid analysis model is developed based on a relief groove design. Applying the model to two fixed clearance and three variable clearance designs demonstrates the effects of various fixed clearance sizes on gerotor pump performance and identifies the differences between fixed and variable clearance designs. The results support the feasibility of the proposed design: the appropriate variable clearance designs maintain robust flow characteristics and effectively reduce shock and collision among pump components, thereby reducing stress level, increasing stability, and extending the life expectancy of the gerotor pumps.
Effects of Intermittent Lower-Body Negative Pressure on Recovery After Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage
Authors: Fonda Borut , Sarabon Nejc 
Published: December 2014

It has been reported in practice that the application of lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) to elite athletes during periods of intense training can help aid recovery.Purpose:To examine the effects of LBNP on biochemical, pain, and performance parameters during a 5-d recovery period after a damaging plyometric-exercise bout.Design:Randomized controlled study.Methods:24 healthy young female adults were randomly allocated into 2 groups. Before and 1, 24, 48, and 96 h after the damaging exercise for hamstrings (50 drop jumps and 50 leg curls), participants underwent a series of tests (blood samples, pain sensation, countermovement jump, maximal isometric torque production, maximal explosive isometric torque production, and 10-m sprint). After the damaging exercise, the experimental group was exposed to intermittent LBNP therapy daily for 60 min.Results:There was a statistically significant interaction (P < .05) between the experimental and control groups for maximal strength, explosive strength, pain sensation, and vertical jumps (maximal power and force). No statistically significant interaction was present for the biochemical markers, jump height, and 100-m sprint.Conclusions:LBNP therapy could improve recovery by limiting the loss in muscle strength and power and limiting the presence of pain.
The Role of Distance in Examining the Association Between Active Commuting to School and Students’ Weight Status
Authors: DeWeese Robin , Ohri-Vachaspati Punam 
Published: December 2014

Background:Active commuting to school (ACS) increases students’ daily physical activity, but associations between student weight and ACS are inconsistent. Few studies examining ACS and weight account for distance commuted. This study examines the association between students’ weight status and ACS, taking into account distance to school.Methods:In 2009–10 a random digit-dial household survey conducted in low-income minority cities collected information about ACS for 1 randomly selected school-going student per household. Parents provided measured heights and weights. Distance commuted was obtained using geocoded home and school addresses. Multivariate regression analyses assessed associations of ACS and distance commuted with weight status.Results:36.6% of students were overweight/obese; 47.2% engaged in ACS. Distance walked/biked to school was associated with 7% lower odds of overweight/obesity (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88– 0.99). Without distance commuted in the model, ACS was not associated with students’ weight status. Compared with no ACS, ACS greater than a half-mile was associated with 65% lower odds of a student being overweight/obese (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16– 0.78); ACS less than a half-mile was not.Conclusions:ACS is significantly inversely associated with overweight/obesity among students who commute beyond a one-half mile threshold.