bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rosemary extract enriched in carnosic acid improves circulating adipocytokines and modulates key metabolic sensors in lean Zucker rats: Critical and contrasting differences in the obese genotype
Authors: Romo‐Vaquero María , Larrosa Mar , Yáñez‐Gascón María J. , Issaly Nicolas , Flanagan John , Roller Marc , Tomás‐Barberán Francisco A. , Espín Juan C. , García‐Conesa María‐Teresa 
Published: December 2013

ScopeCarnosic acid (CA) and rosemary extracts (REs) have antiobesity effects but the mechanisms are not understood. We investigated some of the potential mechanisms contributing to the metabolic effects of an RE enriched in CA.Methods and resultsAn RE (∼40% CA) was administered to lean (Le, fa/+) and obese (Ob, fa/fa) female Zucker rats for 64 days. Several adipocytokines, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, phosphorylated AMP‐activated protein kinase, and hepatic gene expression changes were investigated. The RE significantly decreased circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (RE/CT = 0.36, p < 0.0003), IL‐1β (0.48, p < 0.032), and leptin (0.48, p < 0.002), and upregulated adiponectin (1.47, p < 0.045) in the Le rats. The RE also induced phase I and phase II gene expression and the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐alpha. Notably, the RE decreased adipose phosphorylated AMP‐activated protein kinase and did not affect hepatic peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐alpha in the Ob rats.ConclusionOur results show that an RE rich in CA exerts anti‐inflammatory effects and affects hepatic metabolism in normal Le rats. We report significant differences in the expression and regulation of key metabolic sensors between Le and Ob rats that may contribute to explain the different ability of the two genotypes to respond to the RE.
Long‐term commercial cow's milk consumption and its effects on metabolic parameters associated with obesity in young mice
Authors: Yamin Hadas Bar , Barnea Maayan , Genzer Yoni , Chapnik Nava , Froy Oren 
Published: December 2013

ScopeResearch has demonstrated that consumption of milk promotes weight loss and satiety, however conflicting evidence also exists. Therefore, we tested the effect of long‐term milk consumption on body weight and metabolic parameters.Methods and resultsNewly weaned mice received whole milk, low‐fat milk, or water as control for 17 weeks and serum, liver, and white adipose tissue (WAT) were tested for parameters associated with obesity and diabetes. Our results show that low‐fat milk leads to the same overall caloric intake and body weight as the control group. However, the whole‐milk group consumed more calories and reached a higher body weight. In addition, in the low‐fat milk group, cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin, ghrelin, insulin, corticosterone, and glucagon were not significantly different than the control group. In contrast, in the whole‐milk group, cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucagon were high compared with the control group. Metabolism in both liver and WAT showed only slight differences between the milk groups. Whereas the whole‐milk group showed reduced insulin signaling in WAT, the low‐fat milk group exhibited increased insulin signaling.ConclusionWhole‐milk consumption leads to increased body weight and caloric intake and reduced insulin signaling in WAT, as opposed to low‐fat milk consumption.
Editorial
Authors: Wittchen Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMental health and mental disorders pose a tremendous challenge to the societal, health, and research policies in Europe, and sound advice is needed on a potential strategy for mental health research investment. Toward this goal, the ROAMER initiative (“Roadmap for Mental Health Research in Europe”) was launched to map the current state of the art, to identify gaps and to delineate advances needed in various areas and domains of mental health research in Europe. To further stimulate discussions among the scientific community and stakeholders on how to improve mental health research and to promote an improved research agenda for the next decade, this IJMPR topic issue presents the overall ROAMER methodology as well as a series of selected papers highlighting critical issues of psychological approaches and interventions as outcomes of the ROAMER work package 5 “Psychological research and treatments”. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical solution for one‐dimensional consolidation of unsaturated soils using eigenfunction expansion method
Authors: Ho L. , Fatahi B. , Khabbaz H. 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYThis paper introduces an exact analytical solution for governing flow equations for one‐dimensional consolidation in unsaturated soil stratum using the techniques of eigenfunction expansion and Laplace transformation. The homogeneous boundary conditions adopted in this study are as follows: (i) a one‐way drainage system of homogenous soils, in which the top surface is considered as permeable to air and water, whereas the base is an impervious bedrock; and (ii) a two‐way drainage system where both soil ends allow free dissipation of pore‐air and pore‐water pressures. In addition, the analytical development adopts initial conditions capturing both uniform and linear distributions of the initial excess pore pressures within the soil stratum. Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues are parts of the general solution and can be obtained based on the proposed boundary conditions. Besides, the Laplace transform method is adopted to solve the first‐order differential equations. Once equations with transformed domain are all obtained, the final solutions, which are proposed to be functions of time and depth, can be achieved by taking an inverse Laplace transform. To verify the proposed solution, two worked examples are provided to present the consolidation characteristics of unsaturated soils based on the proposed method. The validation of the recent results against other existing analytical solutions is graphically demonstrated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DM3: distributed mobility management in MPLS‐based access networks
Authors: Carmona‐Murillo Javier , González‐Sánchez José‐Luis , Cortés‐Polo David , Rodríguez‐Pérez Francisco‐Javier 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYOver the last few years, mobility management in the Internet has been one of the most active fields in communications. The recent increasing mobile traffic demand is having an important impact on the design of mobile networks and some limitations are arising from traditional network deployments. In order to deal with this new scenario, mobility management network architectures are being redesigned towards a more distributed operation. In this paper, we introduce DM3 (distributed mobility management MPLS), a fully distributed architecture designed to track efficiently the mobility of users in the current paradigm of evolving mobile IP networks. In DM3 architecture, several nodes are distributed in the MPLS‐based access network and the mobile nodes are served by a close‐by mobility anchor. With this operation, we reduce the routing and registration update costs, and provide a low handoff latency with a minimal packet loss rate. Analytical and experimental results are presented to justify the benefits of our proposed architecture. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Steps ahead: A randomized trial to reduce unhealthy weight gain in the lower Mississippi delta
Authors: Harrington Deirdre M. , Champagne Catherine M. , Broyles Stephanie T. , Johnson William D. , Tudor‐Locke Catrine , Katzmarzyk Peter T. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveThe Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) region of the United States is characterized by high levels of obesity and physical inactivity. The objective was to test the effectiveness of adapting the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DG), with and without a physical activity (PA) component, for attenuating weight gain.MethodsOverall, 121 white and African‐American adults (35‐64 years; body mass index 25‐34.9 kg/m2) were randomized to a DG only group (n = 61) or a DG + PA group (n = 60). Both groups received a 12‐week dietary education and behavior change intervention. The DG + PA group also received PA education and a pedometer. Changes in weight (kg), %weight, and waist circumference (WC; cm) were determined. Analyses considered all completers (n = 99) and those who engaged with ≥80% of the intervention (n = 83). General linear models compared mean changes between groups after adjustment for baseline values, race, and sex.ResultsWeight, %weight, and WC significantly decreased from baseline to follow‐up in both groups (p < 0.05; unadjusted values). Adjusted analysis showed a main effect of group for weight (p = 0.041) and %weight (p = 0.047) in the completers analysis, and WC (p = 0.046) in the ≥80% attendance analysis, with the DG + PA group improving weight‐related outcomes more.ConclusionsLow‐burden behavioral interventions could be effective strategies in attenuating unhealthy weight gain in the LMD.
Successful use of indwelling tunneled catheters for the management of effusions in children with advanced cancer
Authors: den Hollander Barbara S. , Connolly Bairbre L. , Sung Lillian , Rapoport Adam , Zwaan C.M. , Grant Ronald M. , Parra Dimitri , Temple Michael J. 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundMalignant pleural effusion (MPE) and ascites (MA) negatively impact quality of life of palliative patients. Treatment options are limited. This study's purpose is to examine the experience with indwelling tunneled catheters (ITCs) for management of MPE/MA in children with advanced cancer.MethodsChildren with MPE/MA who underwent ITC insertion (2007–2012) were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical, procedural, complication and outcome details were analyzed.ResultsPleurX® ITCs (n = 12) were inserted in eight patients (5–18 years) with sarcoma (11 MPE, 1 MA), achieving symptom relief and facilitating discharge home post ITC (median 2 days). Median survival following ITC was 51 days. There were two major complications: pain (n = 1), late site infection (n = 1), and five minor complications. Drainage ceased in four patients (pleurodesis/tumor progression). At time of death, six ITCs (five patients) were still in situ.ConclusionsITC appears to be a safe, effective treatment for MPE/MA in advanced pediatric cancer, achieving symptomatic relief and discharge home. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1007–1012. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fetal cardiac disease and fetal lung volume: an in utero MRI investigation
Authors: Mlczoch Elisabeth , Schmidt Lisa , Schmid Maximilian , Kasprian Gregor , Frantal Sophie , Berger‐Kulemann Vanessa , Prayer Daniela , Michel‐Behnke Ina , Salzer‐Muhar Ulrike 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful, noninvasive tool to study fetal lung volumes after 18 weeks of gestation in vivo. In neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD), proper lung function is essential for postnatal survival. Antenatal detection of abnormal pulmonary development may help to optimize prenatal and perinatal management of at‐risk fetuses. We aimed to investigate lung volumes in fetuses with prenatally diagnosed heart disease.MethodsA cross‐sectional, retrospective study of 105 consecutive singleton pregnancies with CHD and a control, non‐CHD group (n = 115), that underwent fetal MRI was performed. The heart defects detected were divided into four groups. Lung volumes of fetuses with heart disease were compared with control, non‐CHD fetuses. In addition, z‐scores of lung volumes were calculated for the CHD group (normal range z‐scores from −2–+2).ResultsAs a group, fetuses with CHD have significantly smaller lung volumes compared with control fetuses when corrected by gestational age (GA) (p = 0.049). Of the 105 CHD fetuses studied, 18 had lung volumes with a z‐score < −2. Fetuses with different types of CHD showed similar lung volumes.ConclusionOur data indicate that postpartum pulmonary symptoms and outcome in neonates with congenital heart disease may be attributed to the cardiac disease itself and in part to smaller lung volumes. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiac mortality in users of olmesartan, other angiotensin‐receptor blockers and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors
Authors: Walker Alexander M. , Liang Caihua , Clifford C. Robin , Parker Crawford , Feldman Allen 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeClinical trials of olmesartan for prevention of progression of renal disease in patients with diabetes showed renal protection but an unexpected imbalance in cardiac deaths. The US Food and Drug Administration requested from the manufacturer a cohort study of olmesartan, other angiotensin‐receptor blockers (ARBs), and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in a large population.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted with the cooperation of a US health insurer. Subject entry and follow‐up ran from 2002 through 2009. In propensity‐matched cohorts, the primary analysis considered continuous current users. Endpoints were sudden cardiac death (SCD) and all‐cause mortality, identified through the US National Death Index, supplemented by insurance and hospital discharge data. Statistical estimation was based on proportional hazards analyses with 95% confidence intervals. Power calculations had shown that 25 000 olmesartan initiators would be required to detect relative risks (RRs) of SCD of twofold or greater.ResultsA total of 57 123 initiators of olmesartan were matched 1:2 to initiators of other ARBs and 41 801 to initiators of ACE inhibitors. Average follow‐up time ranged from 8 to 9 months. Olmesartan initiators and comparators experienced similar patterns of both outcomes, with RRs ≤1.0 and upper confidence bounds ≤1.6. Among persons with prior use of hypoglycemic agents, in comparison with other ARBs, the RR of SCD for olmesartan users was 0.8, with an upper confidence bound of 2.2.ConclusionThe results of this well‐powered study do not raise concerns for the risk of SCD or death from all causes among olmesartan users in comparison with users of other ARBs or ACE inhibitors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between asthma and bronchiolitis is modified by TLR4, CD14, and IL‐13 polymorphisms
Authors: Jung Young‐Ho , Seo Ju‐Hee , Kim Hyung Young , Kwon Ji‐Won , Kim Byoung‐Ju , Kim Hyo‐Bin , Lee So‐Yeon , Jang Gwang Cheon , Song Dae Jin , Kim Woo Kyung , Shim Jung Yeon , Hong Soo‐Jong 
Published: December 2013

SummaryBackgroundAsthma is a complex genetic disorder that is associated with both genetic and environmental factors. The aim of study was to investigate the combined effect of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), and interleukin‐13 (IL‐13) polymorphisms and bronchiolitis in the development of childhood asthma.MethodsA modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was used to survey 1,341 elementary school children and 919 nursery children in Seoul, Korea. TLR4 (rs1927911), CD14 (rs2569190), and IL‐13 (rs20541) polymorphisms were genotyped by the TaqMan assay.ResultsIn elementary school and nursery children, parental history of asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.56 [95% CI 1.16–5.63], aOR 3.60 [95% CI 1.66–7.76], respectively), and past history of bronchiolitis (aOR 3.11 [95% CI 1.84–5.24], aOR 3.94 [95% CI 2.27–6.84], respectively) were independent risk factors for asthma diagnosis. When compared to children with each CC of TLR4 polymorphism or TT of CD14 polymorphism or GG of IL13 polymorphism and no past history of bronchiolitis, children with CT or TT of TLR4 polymorphism and past history of bronchiolitis had 4.23 and 5.34 times higher risk to develop asthma, respectively; children with TT of CD14 polymorphism and past history of bronchiolitis had 3.57 and 7.22 times higher risk for asthma, respectively; children with GA or AA of IL‐13 polymorphism and past history of bronchiolitis had 3.21 and 4.13 times higher risk for asthma, respectively.ConclusionsFamily history of asthma or allergic rhinitis and past history of bronchiolitis could be independent risk factors for the development of childhood asthma. The relationship between asthma and bronchiolitis is modified by the TLR4, CD14, and IL‐13 polymorphisms in Korean children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:8–16. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visual pattern discovery in image and video data: a brief survey
Authors: Wang Hongxing , Zhao Gangqiang , Yuan Junsong 
Published: December 2013

In image and video data, visual pattern refers to re‐occurring composition of visual primitives. Such visual patterns extract the essence of the image and video data that convey rich information. However, unlike frequent patterns in transaction data, there are considerable visual content variations and complex spatial structures among visual primitives, which make effective exploration of visual patterns a challenging task. Many methods have been proposed to address the problem of visual pattern discovery during the past decade. In this article, we provide a review of the major progress in visual pattern discovery. We categorize the existing methods into two groups: bottom‐up pattern discovery and top‐down pattern modeling. The bottom‐up pattern discovery method starts with unordered visual primitives followed by merging the primitives until larger visual patterns are found. In contrast, the top‐down method starts with the modeling of visual primitive compositions and then infers the pattern discovery result. A summary of related applications is also presented. At the end we identify the open issues for future research. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2014, 4:24–37. doi: 10.1002/widm.1110This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Multimedia
Algorithmic Development > Structure Discovery
Reevaluation of band‐tailed pigeon age classification criteria using wing attributes
Authors: Sanders Todd A. , Braun Clait E. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTAge classification is important in understanding aspects of population productivity and dynamics, and making informed harvest management decisions. Since 1994 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has, via the Parts Collection Survey, annually collected a wing from a sample of hunter‐harvested band‐tailed pigeons (Patagioenas fasciata) across the species' range in the United States to estimate productivity over time. Identification of age composition of the harvest depends on a key to quickly and accurately assign pigeons to age classes with as little as a wing from each pigeon. Existing keys for pigeon age classification do not incorporate more recent published information on timing and sequence of post‐juvenal molt. We developed a key in 1994 to classify age (juv, subad, ad) of band‐tailed pigeons from wings in North America based on earlier published keys (reported to be accurate 97.3%, on average) combined with information subsequently published on timing and sequence of post‐juvenal molt. Our key was applied and the examination procedure refined during our annual examining of pigeon wings for the Parts Collection Survey, 1994–2012. We examined all pigeon wings (1/bird) submitted to the Parts Collection Survey. The mean number of wings submitted annually was 494 (range = 114–1,090) from the Pacific Coast population and 79 (range = 3–265) from the Interior population. We examined wings during 1 day each year. Each wing was examined by an initial examiner and final examiner (C. E. Braun). We recorded discrepancies in age classification between examiners during 2005–2012. The mean annual number of discrepancies was 3.1 (SE = 0.3, range = 2–4, n = 8) representing a mean of 1.0% (SE = 0.2, range = 0.4–1.6%) of the total annual sample size. The key has been demonstrated to be accurate and transferable among biologists who have basic training in reading a key and examination of wings (primaries, secondaries, and coverts). Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
An investigation of temporal flowering segregation in species‐rich grasslands
Authors: Kipling Richard P. , Warren John 
Published: December 2013

AbstractProcesses such as competition and facilitation are believed to be important in defining pollination niches in species‐rich plant communities. Species with similar floral phenotypes are expected to flower together where this facilitates pollination, while differences in floral phenology are expected if such flowers compete for pollinators. These expectations were tested at seven sites by comparing the observed co‐flowering of plants with similar floral phenotypes with null model outcomes. Phenotypic classifications were evaluated using observations of plant–pollinator interactions. Pollinator guilds differed in the number of visits made to flowers in different floral colour and shape categories, indicating that such categories were ecologically relevant. For species with complex flowers, each floral category contained few species, so that the observed low occurrence of co‐flowering could be explained by chance. In contrast, within phenotypic categories species with simple flowers bloomed together more than expected at three sites, but these overlaps could be explained by family membership. Most species with complex flowers could be segregated into unique pollination niches by broad floral colour and shape categories, so that there was little opportunity for competition between flowers within such categories. Species with simple floral phenotypes were less well defined by floral phenotype and phenology. Historical sorting may explain differences between complex flowers, while co‐flowering between species with simple flowers requires further investigation. Differences found between species with simple and complex flowers suggest that levels of phenotypic specialisation should be taken into account in community level studies of pollination systems.
Sarcoptic mange vulnerability in carnivores of the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland: underlying determinant factors
Authors: Kołodziej‐Sobocińska Marta , Zalewski Andrzej , Kowalczyk Rafał 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSarcoptic mange caused bySarcoptes scabiei, is a highly contagious worldwide mite infection responsible for epizootic skin disease in populations of wild and domestic mammals. It causes skin disorders that may lead to severe generalized skin disease (mange). We investigated the spread and dynamics of sarcoptic mange in one of the best preserved carnivore communities in the Białowieża Primeval Forest over the last 20 years. Sarcoptic mange was found in 6 of 10 investigated species. The highest percentage of infected individuals was recorded in red foxes (19 %), European badgers (9 %), grey wolves (7 %), raccoon dogs (6 %), and stone martens (5 %). Other species were not infected (least weasel, American mink, European polecat, pine marten) or infected sporadically (Eurasian lynx––1 case). Rate of infection was correlated with the sum of ecological and behavioral features, which may increase the spread of infection. Outbreaks of sarcoptic mange occurred simultaneously in several species of carnivores, which indicates the occurrence of between species transmission. We found that the source of investigated individuals (trapped, culled and found dead) may influence the results of the analysis. Our study shows that in carnivore communities such as in Białowieża Forest, numerous species may serve as a reservoir of the pathogen and favor its persistence in the environment. This study indicates that sociality and use of den sites are important factors affecting sarcoptic mange spread and prevalence in wild populations of carnivores.