bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dyshidrosis is a risk factor for herpes zoster
Authors: Hsu C.‐Y. , Wang Y.‐C. , Kao C.‐H. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundEndogenous factors such as stress‐induced immune system reactivity were also associated with dyshidrosis. Herpes zoster (HZ) incidence has been demonstrated to increase with immune deficiencies. Therefore, a relationship between dyshidrosis and HZ may exist.ObjectiveThis study investigated whether there is an association between dyshidrosis and HZ.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study by using Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID2000) records from 1996 to 2011. The dyshidrosis group comprised 8488 patients with newly identified dyshidrosis and no history of HZ prior to diagnosis of dyshidrosis. For the non‐dyshidrosis group, each dyshidrosis patient frequency matched according to age (5‐year intervals), sex and index date year with four controls selected randomly from the LHID2000.ResultsAfter adjustments for confounding risk factors, the hazard ratio for HZ in the dyshidrosis group was 1.31 compared with the non‐dyshidrosis group. Regardless of comorbidities, patients with dyshidrosis had a higher risk of HZ than did controls without dyshidrosis. Patients with more hospital visits that were due to dyshidrosis had a higher risk of HZ.ConclusionDyshidrosis is strongly associated with HZ. Patients treated for dyshidrosis should be warned of HZ risk.
Distribution and activity of Drosophila suzukii in cultivated raspberry and surrounding vegetation
Authors: Klick J. , Yang W. Q. , Walton V. M. , Dalton D. T. , Hagler J. R. , Dreves A. J. , Lee J. C. , Bruck D. J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSpotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), may utilize wild ‘Himalaya’ blackberry (HB) Rubus armeniacus Focke or other non‐crop plants as refugia and possibly exploit adjacent field margins before colonizing cultivated fruiting crops. Studies were conducted to determine the role of field margins containing HB and their effect on D. suzukii activity, density and distribution in an adjacent commercial red raspberry crop. One‐ha plots adjacent to field margins containing HB or known non‐host (NH) grass crops were established in 2011 and 2012 and replicated three times. Each plot contained two transects with monitoring traps for D. suzukii in the field margin (0 m) and spaced approximately 10 (crop boundary), 40, 70 and 100 m into the adjacent crop (n = 10 traps/plot). Field margin vegetation was treated with a 10% chicken egg white mark solution weekly from pre‐harvest until the end of harvest using a cannon sprayer. Adult D. suzukii were collected from traps weekly and analysed for the presence of the egg white mark using an egg white‐specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). During both years, marked flies and total flies were captured in higher numbers in HB field margins, whereas virtually no flies were captured in field margins containing no known alternative host. Similarly, more flies were captured in the crop near HB than near NH. Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs (SADIE) and mean D. suzukii trap captures additionally displayed significantly higher fly densities in the raspberry field near HB than near NH. These results suggest that HB may contribute to elevated D. suzukii populations and pest pressure in comparison with field margins containing no known alternate host vegetation for D. suzukii. Having closely adjacent non‐crop alternate host landscapes may result in increased D. suzukii pest pressure.
Making EBSD on water ice routine
Authors: PRIOR D.J. , LILLY K. , SEIDEMANN M. , VAUGHAN M. , BECROFT L. , EASINGWOOD R. , DIEBOLD S. , OBBARD R. , DAGHLIAN C. , BAKER I. , CASWELL T. , GOLDING N. , GOLDSBY D. , DURHAM W.B. , PIAZOLO S. , WILSON C.J.L. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryElectron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) on ice is a decade old. We have built upon previous work to select and develop methods of sample preparation and analysis that give >90% success rate in obtaining high‐quality EBSD maps, for the whole surface area (potentially) of low porosity (<15%) water ice samples, including very fine‐grained (<10 μm) and very large (up to 70 mm by 30 mm) samples. We present and explain two new methods of removing frost and providing a damage‐free surface for EBSD: pressure cycle sublimation and ‘ironing’. In general, the pressure cycle sublimation method is preferred as it is easier, faster and does not generate significant artefacts. We measure the thermal effects of sample preparation, transfer and storage procedures and model the likelihood of these modifying sample microstructures. We show results from laboratory ice samples, with a wide range of microstructures, to illustrate effectiveness and limitations of EBSD on ice and its potential applications. The methods we present can be implemented, with a modest investment, on any scanning electron microscope system with EBSD, a cryostage and a variable pressure capability.
Activation of PI3Kγ/Akt pathway mediates bone cancer pain in rats
Authors: Guan Xuehai , Fu Qiaochu , Xiong Bingrui , Song Zhenpeng , Shu Bin , Bu Huilian , Xu Bing , Manyande Anne , Cao Fei , Tian Yuke 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBone cancer pain (BCP) is one of the most common and severe complications in patients suffering from primary bone cancer or metastatic bone cancer such as breast, prostate, or lung, which profoundly compromises their quality of life. Emerging lines of evidence indicate that central sensitization is required for the development and maintenance of BCP. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of PI3Kγ/Akt in the central sensitization in rats with tumor cell implantation in the tibia, a widely used model of BCP. Our results showed that PI3Kγ and its downstream target pAkt were up‐regulated in a time‐dependent manner and distributed predominately in the superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn neurons, astrocytes and a minority of microglia, and were colocalized with non‐peptidergic, calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐peptidergic, and A‐type neurons in dorsal root ganglion ipsilateral to tumor cell inoculation in rats. Inhibition of spinal PI3Kγ suppressed BCP‐associated behaviors and the up‐regulation of pAkt in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion. This study suggests that PI3Kγ/Akt signal pathway mediates BCP in rats.
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Central sensitization is required for the development and maintenance of bone cancer pain (BCP). In this study, we reported that PI3Kγ/Akt mediated the function of ephrinBs/EphBs in the central sensitization under BCP condition, and inhibition of spinal PI3Kγ suppressed BCP‐associated behaviors. Our results suggest that inhibition of PI3Kγ/Akt may be a new target for the treatment of BCP.
Proteomics‐level analysis of myelin formation and regeneration in a mouse model for Vanishing White Matter disease
Authors: Gat‐Viks Irit , Geiger Tamar , Barbi Mali , Raini Gali , Elroy‐Stein Orna 
Published: April 2015

AbstractVanishing white matter (VWM) is a recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in translation initiation factor eIF2B and leading to progressive brain myelin deterioration, secondary axonal damage, and death in early adolescence. Eif2b5R132H/R132H mice exhibit delayed developmental myelination, mild early neurodegeneration and a robust remyelination defect in response to cuprizone‐induced demyelination. In the current study we used Eif2b5R132H/R132H mice for mass‐spectrometry analyses, to follow the changes in brain protein abundance in normal‐ versus cuprizone‐diet fed mice during the remyelination recovery phase. Analysis of proteome profiles suggested that dysregulation of mitochondrial functions, altered proteasomal activity and impaired balance between protein synthesis and degradation play a role in VWM pathology. Consistent with these findings, we detected elevated levels of reactive oxygen species in mutant‐derived primary fibroblasts and reduced 20S proteasome activity in mutant brain homogenates. These observations highlight the importance of tight translational control to precise coordination of processes involved in myelin formation and regeneration and point at cellular functions that may contribute to VWM pathology.
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Eif2b5R132H/R132H mouse model for vanishing white matter (VWM) disease was used for mass spectrometry of brain proteins at two time points under normal conditions and along recovery from cuprizone‐induced demyelination. Comparisons of proteome profiles revealed the importance of mitochondrial function and tight coordination between protein synthesis and degradation to myelination formation and regeneration, pointing at cellular functions that contribute to VWM pathology.
Effects of butafosfan with or without cyanocobalamin on the metabolism of early lactating cows with subclinical ketosis
Authors: Nuber U. , van Dorland H. A. , Bruckmaier R. M. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryFifty‐one dairy cows with subclinical ketosis were used to investigate the effects of butafosfan alone or in combination with cyanocobalamin on metabolism. Treatments included i.v. injection of 10 ml/100 kg of body weight with butafosfan (BUT) or combined cyanocobalamin with butafosfan (BUTCO) at a similar concentration as in Catosal®. Control cows (CON) received a 0.9% saline solution. Cows were injected on days 1–3 at 22.3 ± 0.7 days post‐partum. Milk production and composition were not affected by the treatments. In plasma, CON cows had a significantly higher plasma NEFA concentration (0.59 ± 0.03 mm) across the study period than BUTCO cows (p < 0.05; 0.42 ± 0.03 mm), whereas the plasma NEFA concentration of BUT was intermediate (0.52 ± 0.03 mm) but not significantly different from CON. Both BUTCO and BUT cows had lower (p < 0.05) plasma BHBA concentrations (1.02 ± 0.06 mm and 1.21 ± 0.06 mm, respectively) across the study period than CON (1.34 ± 0.06 mm). Plasma glucose was not different between treatments, but plasma glucagon concentrations were consistently high in BUT compared to BUTCO and CON. Lowest post‐treatment glucagon levels were observed in BUTCO. Hepatic mRNA abundance of liver X receptor α, a nuclear receptor protein involved in lipid metabolism, was higher in BUTCO compared to BUT and CON (p < 0.05) on day 7. Furthermore, on day 7, the mRNA abundance of beta‐hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 2 was higher in BUTCO compared to BUT and CON (p < 0.01). In conclusion, injections of combined cyanocobalamin with butafosfan post‐partum in early lactation ketotic dairy cows act on lipid metabolism with effects on plasma metabolites, most likely mediated via modified activity of key factors in the liver. Results indicate that the application of butafosfan only in combination with cyanocobalamin exhibits the expected positive effects on metabolism.
The Sociocultural Aspects, Professional Characteristics, and Motivational Factors of the First Fellows of the European Committee of Sexual Medicine
Authors: Arbanas Goran , Reisman Yacov , Andrews Shalini 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Introduction
After a century of development in the field of sexology and decades of attempts to establish the field of sexual medicine, the first examination that led to the qualification as Fellows of the European Committee of Sexual Medicine (FECSM) was held in December 2012.

Aim
This study aims to describe the first European specialists in sexual medicine, their clinical practice, motivation, and professional self-identification.

Methods
A web-based survey of the first FECSM on demographic data, data on the practices of their work (gender of clients, setting, and time frame), and reasons for entering the sexual medicine (five-point Likert rating of motives and open question on other reasons) was conducted.

Main Outcome Measure
Gender, religion, specialty, region, and their association with professional practices of the first FECSM.

Results
The first FECSM have a wide range of experience in the field of sexual medicine (0–30 years) and were mainly men (79%) and urologists (56%). Only 15.5% had other qualifications related to sexual medicine and 60% self-identified as sexual medicine specialists. Only a small proportion of the professional time was dedicated to the practice of sexual medicine. The primary speciality influenced the gender of their patients seen, setting of work (couple vs. individuals), and time spent with patients. Only a minority managed sexual problems in women; hypoactive sexual desire is treated by 41% of FECSM and dyspareunia by 17%. The participants were motivated by the pleasure of knowing new things and desire to understand and to help patients, whereas prestige, finances, and own sex lives are less important.

Conclusions
The first FECSM are very diverse in terms of age, culture, religion, and primary specialty. Their practice is strongly influenced by their primary specialty, and this needs to be taken into account in future development of the speciality.
Discourses on Language and Citizenship in Europe
Authors: Horner Kristine 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of research on discourses on language and citizenship in contemporary Europe. Particular attention is given to the implementation of language requirements and/or formalized language testing for citizenship procedures that have become widespread since the turn of the 21st century. Scholars have focused on the discursive justification of these shifts in language policy and they have analyzed related discourses on diversity, cohesion and integration in multiple European Union member‐states. This paper underlines the need for further engagement with the concept of linguistic authority and it calls for research that explores the negotiation and contestation of these policies from ‘top‐down’ and ‘bottom‐up’ perspectives in a wider range of European Union member‐states.
Membrane‐associated transcription factor peptidase, site‐2 protease, antagonizes ABA signaling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhou Shun‐Fan , Sun Le , Valdés Ana Elisa , Engström Peter , Song Ze‐Ting , Lu Sun‐Jie , Liu Jian‐Xiang 
Published: April 2015

Summary

Abscisic acid plays important roles in maintaining seed dormancy while gibberellins (GA) and other phytohormones antagonize ABA to promote germination. However, how ABA signaling is desensitized during the transition from dormancy to germination is still poorly understood.

We functionally characterized the role of membrane‐associated transcription factor peptidase, site‐2 protease (S2P), in ABA signaling during seed germination in Arabidopsis.

Genetic analysis showed that loss‐of‐function of S2P conferred high ABA sensitivity during seed germination, and expression of the activated form of membrane‐associated transcription factor bZIP17, in which the transmembrane domain and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen‐facing C‐terminus were deleted, in the S2P mutant rescued its ABA‐sensitive phenotype. MYC and green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐tagged bZIP17 were processed and translocated from the ER to the nucleus in response to ABA treatment. Furthermore, genes encoding negative regulators of ABA signaling, such as the transcription factor ATHB7 and its target genes HAB1, HAB2, HAI1 and AHG3, were up‐regulated in seeds of the wild‐type upon ABA treatment; this up‐regulation was impaired in seeds of S2P mutants.

Our results suggest that S2P desensitizes ABA signaling during seed germination through regulating the activation of the membrane‐associated transcription factor bZIP17 and therefore controlling the expression level of genes encoding negative regulators of ABA signaling.
Right‐sided hepatic hernia of normal left lobe resembling cardiac tumor
Authors: Ono Hiroshi , Nagamine Hiroki , Toyoda Akifumi , Shimizu Nobutaka , Katori Tatsuo , Sugiyama Masahiko 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA 3‐year‐old boy was referred for cardiac tumor diagnosed on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) at another hospital. The tumor appeared to be in the right atrium and obstructed inferior vena cava flow. TTE, enhanced computed tomography (CT) and angiography were done to confirm diagnosis. Subsequently, cardiac tumor was ruled out and he was diagnosed with a very rare condition of hepatic hernia containing a normal left lobe. When cardiac tumor is suspected in the right atrium on the basis of TTE, enhanced CT or magnetic resonance imaging should be done for definitive diagnosis.
Pediatric patients with pheochromocytoma: Experience of a tertiary health center
Authors: Eren Erdal , Saglam Halil , Caliskan Yusuf , Kiristioglu Irfan , Tarim Omer 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this retrospective study was to investigate pheochromocytoma (pheo), which is a rare endocrine tumor in the pediatric population.MethodsThe medical records of five children with pheo were studied. The age, gender, clinical presentation, family history, physical findings, coexisting pathology, laboratory evaluation, surgical treatment, and postoperative course were investigated.ResultsThe patients were four girls and one boy with a mean age of 13.2 years (range, 9.57–15.95 years). None of the patients had paroxysmal hypertension and one had normal blood pressure. No malign pheo was identified. Mean height and weight standard deviation scores (SDS), body mass index (BMI), and BMI SDS were −0.24, 0.04, 20.9 kg/m2, and 0.20 at the time of diagnosis, and 0.03, 0.43, 23.8 kg/m2 and 0.49 1 year after operation, respectively. BMI increased significantly after operation. Three patients had normal epinephrine and metanephrine, but elevated norepinephrine and normetanephrine on 24 h urine. Vanillylmandelic acid on 24 h urine sample was elevated in all patients. Ultrasonography failed to visualize tumors in two patients with bilateral pheo. One patient had postoperative severe hypotension. Insulin resistance associated with severe acanthosis nigricans observed in one patient regressed postoperatively.ConclusionsPheo in children may present with different symptoms and findings. Decreased catecholamine in the postoperative period may lead to weight gain.
Command without control: The case of China's environmental target system
Authors: Kostka Genia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn the existing literature there is general agreement that the effectiveness and efficiency of command and control instruments versus market‐based instruments is highly context specific. A country's particular regulatory environment and state capacity, as well as the features of given environmental problems, play an important role in ascertaining what the “right” set of policy instruments for environmental management might be. This article examines how command and control instruments are used as an environmental enforcement mechanism in China's authoritarian state. Based on extensive fieldwork, this paper shows that the reliance on binding environmental targets as the main domestic policy instrument in China has generated numerous undesirable consequences. While China's target‐based approach to implementation has incentivized local officials to strictly enforce environmental mandates, there are numerous shortcomings in the system. In particular, target rigidity, cyclical behaviour, poor data quality, and the absence of an independent monitoring agency have generated adverse effects and contribute to a yawning gap between regulatory goals and outcomes. The paper concludes that binding environmental targets as the main command–control instrument in China can be more accurately described as “command without control” as the target‐setting central government does not exercise a high degree of control over implementation and monitoring processes. But command and control instruments can be suited for managing “first‐generation” environmental problems and addressing environmental issues that have easily identifiable pollution sources and which are easy to verify.
The Unscientific Determinants of Voting on a Controversial Scientific Issue: An Evaluation of Biofuels Policy in the U.S. Congress
Authors: Ralston Jonah J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWhether allegiance to party or the preferences of constituents are most important in an elected representative's voting decision has been a long‐running question in political science. This study contributes to this debate through an evaluation of biofuels policy in the U.S. Congress. Results indicate that in this policy area the House and Senate balance these influences differently, with partisanship playing a significant role in the House but not in the Senate. Analysis of voting on this issue indicates that there are important distinctions between how a legislator views the overall partisan preferences of constituents in their district or state versus how they view the interests of particular groups of constituents; when the concentration of agricultural interests in a legislator's district or state is great enough, it can override the effects of party for this issue, which suggests that legislators are especially concerned with specific constituency groups in their district or state that would stand to gain or lose from a policy. The proposition that a legislator is most likely to do that which benefits him or her most regardless of the available science relevant to a policy is a useful starting point for understanding what has been found in this research project.
Gilbert‐type deltas recording short‐term base‐level changes: Delta‐brink morphodynamics and related foreset facies
Authors: Gobo Katarina , Ghinassi Massimiliano , Nemec Wojciech 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGilbert‐type deltas are sensitive recorders of short‐term base‐level changes, but the delta‐front record of a base‐level rise tends to be erased by fluvial erosion during a subsequent base‐level fall, which renders the bulk record of base‐level changes difficult to decipher from the delta‐front deposits. The present detailed study of three large Pleistocene Gilbert‐type deltas uplifted on the southern coast of the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, indicates a genetic link between the delta‐front morphodynamic responses to base‐level changes and the delta‐slope sedimentation processes. Sigmoidal delta‐brink architecture signifies a base‐level rise and is accompanied by a debrite‐dominated assemblage of delta foreset deposits, thought to form when the aggrading delta front stores sediment and undergoes discrete gravitational collapses. Oblique delta‐brink architecture tends to be accompanied by a turbidite‐dominated assemblage of foreset deposits, which are thought to form when the delta‐front accommodation decreases and the sediment carried by hyperpycnal effluent bypasses the front. This primary signal of the system response to base‐level changes combines further with the secondary ‘noise’ of delta autogenic variation and possible allogenic fluctuations in fluvial discharge due to regional climatic conditions. Nevertheless, the evidence suggests that the facies trends of delta foreset deposits may be used to decipher the delta ‘hidden’ record of base‐level changes obliterated by fluvial topset erosion. Early‐stage bayhead deltas may be an exception from the hypothetical model, because their narrow front tends to be swept by river floods irrespective of base‐level behaviour and their subaqueous slope deposits are thus mainly turbidites.