bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing Bi2S3 Interlayer to Synergistically Modify Mo Back Contact and Regulate Bulk Defects in Kesterite Solar Cells
Authors: Cui Guonan , Yang Yanchun , Bai Lulu , Wang Rui , Gong Zhihui , Cao Yongjun , Li Shuyu , Lv Xiaogong , Zhu Chengjun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA suitable interlayer between the Mo back electrode and kesterite absorber layer has been proven to have a positive effect on limiting the bulk defects of the absorber by the constitute diffusion. Here, a thin Bi2S3 layer is used as the back‐interface intermediate layer for the first time, this innovative approach allows for simultaneous modification of the back contact and reduction of bulk defects, resulting in improving the power conversion efficiency of the kesterite device from 9.66% to 11.8%. The evaporated Bi2O3 thin films turn into the Bi2S3 interlayers after sintering the Cu2ZnSnS4 precursor thin films. The Bi2S3 interlayer can inhibit the decomposition reaction of back contact and suppress the formation of the secondary phases. It can also optimize the Fermi level offset and promote the separation of the photoinduced carriers, resulting from its characteristic of high work function. Besides, a small part of the Bi element can diffuse into Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 film and induce the crystal growth and restrain Zn‐related defects, which is attributed to forming the low melting‐point liquid BiSex phase during the high‐temperature selenization process. The conclusions highlight the bifunction of the thin Bi2S3 intermediate layer, which can provide a new approach to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of kesterite solar cells.
Analytical Methods for Tetracyclic Antidepressants: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Shetty Sharan R. , Rathore Seema S. , Leno Jenita Josephine 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTDepression is a mental illness that affects patients’ behavior, and it impacts approximately 264 million people globally. Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs) are one class of medication that is available for the treatment of depression. These medications work by modifying hormones such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. TeCAs, such as setiptiline, amoxapine, mianserin, maprotiline, and mirtazapine, are four ring‐based compounds that assist in preventing the brain from reabsorbing the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin. Each of these medications interacts with adrenergic (α1 and α2) and serotonin (5HT1 and 5HT2) receptors independently. Using biological samples (plasma, blood, and urine) and pharmaceutical formulations, this review focuses on providing a complete overview of the various analytical conditions maintained for the medications in the above class and their metabolites. Major analytical methods such as mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, and high‐performance liquid chromatography are used to quantify and determine the drugs. This review provides a thorough understanding of impurity identification, pharmacokinetic and stability evaluations, and structural degradation quantification. It provides valuable and reliable information for research, enhancing their understanding of the subject matter.
Validity Matters: Uncertainty‐Guided Testing of Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Jiang Zhouxian , Li Honghui , Wang Rui , Tian Xuetao , Liang Ci , Yan Fei , Zhang Junwen , Liu Zhen 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTDespite numerous applications of deep learning technologies on critical tasks in various domains, advanced deep neural networks (DNNs) face persistent safety and security challenges, such as the overconfidence in predicting out‐of‐distribution samples and susceptibility to adversarial examples. Thorough testing by exploring the input space serves as a key strategy to ensure their robustness and trustworthiness of these networks. However, existing testing methods focus on disclosing more erroneous model behaviours, overlooking the validity of the generated test inputs. To mitigate this issue, we investigate devising valid test input generation method for DNNs from a predictive uncertainty perspective. Through a large‐scale empirical study across 11 predictive uncertainty metrics for DNNs, we explore the correlation between validity and uncertainty of test inputs. Our findings reveal that the predictive entropy‐based and ensemble‐based uncertainty metrics effectively characterize the input validity demonstration. Building on these insights, we introduce UCTest, an uncertainty‐guided deep learning testing approach, to efficiently generate valid and authentic test inputs. We formulate a joint optimization objective: to uncover the model's misbehaviours by maximizing the loss function and concurrently generate valid test input by minimizing uncertainty. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach outperforms the current testing methods in generating valid test inputs. Furthermore, incorporating natural variation through data augmentation techniques into UCTest effectively boosts the diversity of generated test inputs.
The role of nano‐Fe2O3 crystal structure on the thermal stability, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression of intumescent flame‐retarded epoxy resins
Authors: Wei Zheng , Guan Jingjing , Yan Long , Niu Guoqing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNano‐Fe2O3 is well known to has a synergistic effect with intumescent flame retardants in reducing the fire hazard of polymeric materials, but the role of nano‐Fe2O3 geometry on the synergistic effect of the intumescent system has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, a series of pentaerythritol phosphate melamine salt (PPMS)‐grafted iron oxide with different crystal configurations (PPMS‐α‐Fe2O3 and PPMS‐γ‐Fe2O3) were successfully synthesized. The role of nano‐Fe2O3 geometry on the thermal stability, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression of intumescent flame‐retarded epoxy resins (EP) was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, cone calorimeter test, and smoke density test. The results showed that PPMS‐α‐Fe2O3 flame retardant substantially improved the thermal stability and char formation of intumescent flame‐retarded EP compared to PPMS‐γ‐Fe2O3 flame retardant. Additionally, α‐Fe2O3 exerts a better role in improving the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties compared to that of γ‐Fe2O3. It is notable that the incorporation of 5 wt% α‐Fe2O3 as a flame retardant confers a 78.9% reduction in peak heat release rate (PHRR) value and an 81.8% reduction in peak smoke production rate (PSPR) value compared to pure EP. Char residue analysis revealed that α‐Fe2O3 performs positively in enhancing the compactness of the char layer, thereby leading to an improved synergistic flame retardant effect.Highlights
Successful synthesis of flame retardants (PPMS‐α‐Fe2O3 and PPMS‐γ‐Fe2O3).
α‐Fe2O3 and PPMS have superior synergistic flame retardant effect.
α‐Fe2O3 remarkably enhances thermal stability and char formation of EP.
Compared to γ‐Fe2O3, α‐Fe2O3 contributes more to the smoke suppression of EP.
Designing improved EP fire performance based on the role of nano‐Fe2O3.
Molecular dynamics simulations of nucleosomes are coming of age
Authors: Fedulova Anastasiia S. , Armeev Grigoriy A. , Romanova Tatiana A. , Singh‐Palchevskaia Lovepreet , Kosarim Nikita A. , Motorin Nikita A. , Komarova Galina A. , Shaytan Alexey K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the function of eukaryotic genomes, including the human genome, is undoubtedly one of the major scientific challenges of the 21st century. The cornerstone of eukaryotic genome organization is nucleosomes—elementary building blocks of chromatin about 10 nm in size that wrap DNA around an octamer of histone proteins. Nucleosomes are integral players in all genomic processes, including transcription, DNA replication and repair. They mediate genome regulation at the epigenetic level, bridging the discrete nature of the genetic information encoded in DNA with the analog physical nature of the intermolecular interactions required to access that information. Due to their relatively large size and dynamic nature, nucleosomes are difficult objects for experimental characterization. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have emerged over the years as a useful tool to complement experimental studies. Particularly in recent years, advances in computing power, refinement of MD force fields and codes have opened up new frontiers in terms of simulation timescales and quality for nucleosomes and related systems. It has become possible to elucidate in atomistic detail their functional dynamics modes such as DNA unwrapping and sliding, to characterize the effects of epigenetic modifications, DNA and protein sequence variation on nucleosome structure and stability, to describe the mechanisms governing nucleosome interactions with chromatin‐associated proteins and the formation of supranucleosome structures. In this review, we systematically analyzed all‐atom MD simulation studies of nucleosomes and related structures published since 2018 and discussed their relevance in the context of older studies, experimental data, and related coarse‐grained and multiscale studies.This article is categorized under:
Software > Molecular Modeling
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte‐Carlo Methods
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Nest quality predicts the probability of egg loss in the critically endangered ʻAlalā (Corvus hawaiiensis)
Authors: Mason Lisa L. K. , Masuda Bryce , Swaisgood Ronald R. , Flanagan Alison M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConservation breeding programs for endangered species face challenges, notably in the development of husbandry techniques, complicated by the impracticality of conducting controlled experiments. To reduce uncertainty regarding what works in conservation breeding programs, it is essential to capture data. In avian breeding programs, the construction of quality nests and appropriate incubation and handling of eggs by the parents are essential prerequisites to the successful production of offspring. Here, we study factors influencing nest‐building and parental incubation outcomes in ʻalalā (Corvus hawaiiensis), which is extinct in the wild and numbers fewer than 130 individuals in human care. Using parent‐incubated egg data from 2018 to 2021 (171 clutches, 55 pairs), we evaluated the role of husbandry factors in determining the quality of nests constructed by ʻalalā and the likelihood of nest quality and other social and environmental factors to predict egg loss (breaking, cannibalization, or ejection of an egg from the nest). More than half of all eggs laid failed to reach the hatch date. Nest quality was the most influential predictor of egg loss, with eggs in higher quality nests more likely to reach the hatch date. Male age also influenced egg loss, with very young (3 years old) and older males (⪞12 years old) experiencing more egg loss. Furthermore, the two facilities and two aviary types also differed in the quality of nests ʻalalā constructed, indicating that nest‐building behavior can be influenced by husbandry practices. These findings reduce uncertainty and provide insights for recommended management interventions to facilitate successful reproduction in human care.
Normal Matrix Models
Authors: Byun Sung-Soo , Forrester Peter J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNormal matrix models, characterised by the requirement that the matrices commute with their adjoint so that their eigenvectors form a unitary matrix, permit an explicit Coulomb gas Boltzmann factor type eigenvalue PDF with $$\beta =2$$

β
=
2

, so determinantal structures hold. They permit a simplified global scaling in which the one-body potential is taken as being strictly proportional to N. The support of the corresponding large N equilibrium measure is referred to as a droplet. Perturbing the GinUE one-body potential by the real part of a polynomial leads to a relation between the moments of the droplet and the coefficients of the polynomial. Generally, the main question of interest is the dependence on the potential in characterising quantities.
Expansion by regions meets angular integrals
Authors: Smirnov Vladimir A. , Wunder Fabian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study the small-mass asymptotic behavior of so-called angular integrals, appearing in phase-space calculations in perturbative quantum field theory. For this purpose we utilize the strategy of expansion by regions, which is a universal method both for multiloop Feynman integrals and various parametric integrals. To apply the technique to angular integrals, we convert them into suitable parametric integral representations, which are accessible to existing automation tools. We use the code asy.m to reveal regions contributing to the asymptotic expansion of angular integrals. To evaluate the contributions of these regions in an epsilon expansion we apply the method of Mellin-Barnes representation. Our approach is checked against existing results on angular integrals revealing a connection between contributing regions and angular integrals constructed from an algebraic decomposition. We explicitly calculate the previously unknown asymptotics for angular integrals with three and four denominators and formulate a conjecture for the leading asymptotics and the pole part for a general number of denominators and masses.
Holography in flat spacetimes: the case for Carroll
Authors: Bagchi Arjun , Dhivakar Prateksh , Dutta Sudipta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We compare and contrast the two approaches of holography in asymptotically flat spacetimes, viz. the co-dimension two Celestial approach based on the Mellin transformation and the co-dimension one Carrollian approach based on the modified Mellin and elucidate how some of the problems of the Celestial approach can be rectified by the Carrollian one. Considering flat holography as a limit from AdS/CFT makes a co-dimension one dual more plausible, and our previous construction of Carrollian correlations from AdS Witten diagrams is testimony to this. In this paper, we show how to generalize our earlier analysis for operators with spin. We work out a large number of explicit non-trivial examples (twelve) and show matching between the limit of AdS4 Witten diagrams and 3d boundary symmetry considerations, thus making the case for the Carrollian dual even stronger.
Advancing fracture management: the role of minimally invasive osteosynthesis in orthopedic trauma care
Authors: Wichlas Florian , Haybäck Gerwin , Hofmann Valeska , Deluca Amelie , Traweger Andreas , Deininger Christian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Minimally Invasive Osteosynthesis (MIO) developed to be a key technique in orthopedic trauma surgery, offering a less invasive alternative for managing fractures in various anatomical regions. However, standardized guidelines for its application are lacking. This study aims to establish comprehensive principles for MIO to guide surgeons in treating different types of fractures and its locations.

Methods
A retrospective analysis including 57 fractures in 53 patients was conducted. All patients were treated with MIO. Study range - March 2017 to January 2022 at a Level-I trauma university hospital. The analysis covered various fracture types, focusing on surgical approaches, reduction techniques, plate insertion methods, and its outcomes. The efficacy and safety of MIO was evaluated by analyzing complications, fracture healing time, and necessary revision surgeries.

Results
MIO is a versatile and effective fracture treatment that minimized soft tissue damage and ensured stable osteosynthetic results. Articular fractures typically used a “one way up” plate insertion technique, while non-articular fractures applied an “inside-up-and-down” approach. Low complication rates confirmed the safety and efficiency of MIO.

Conclusion
This research established generalized principles for MIO, offering a systematic approach that can be applied for various fracture types and its locations, by overall enhancing the surgical efficiency as well as patient recovery, without compromising outcomes.

Level of evidence
This study is classified as Level III evidence according to “The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence”.
Langzeitverläufe der Alkoholabhängigkeit
Authors: John Ulrich , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen , Hoffmann Sabine , Meyer Christian , Kiefer Falk 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Langzeitbetrachtungen der Alkoholabhängigkeit können Aufschluss zu Ätiologie, Prävention und therapeutischer Versorgung bieten.

Ziel
Beschreibung empirischer Befunde zur Entwicklung in eine Alkoholabhängigkeit hinein und Entwicklungen aus ihr heraus.

Methodik
Narrative Literaturrecherche, Analyse von Ergebnissen aus Kohortenstudien in der Bevölkerung.

Ergebnisse
Risikofaktoren lassen eine erhöhte Wahrscheinlichkeit der Ausbildung einer Alkoholabhängigkeit schätzen. Jugendliche zeigten innerhalb von 8 Jahren nach Beginn des Alkoholkonsums Symptome einer Alkoholabhängigkeit. Besteht diese, ist mit einer um 17,6 Jahre verkürzten Lebensdauer zu rechnen. Daten einer Bevölkerungsstichprobe zeigten gegenüber Menschen ohne psychische Störung ein 2,8fach erhöhtes Risiko, vorzeitig zu versterben. Die Schwere der Alkoholabhängigkeit erwies sich als Prädiktor vorzeitigen Versterbens. Nikotinabhängigkeit kann neben der Alkoholabhängigkeit zur verkürzten Lebensdauer beitragen. In einer Bevölkerungsstichprobe hatten 90,2 % der alkoholabhängigen Personen an keiner qualifizierten Entzugsbehandlung und 78,4 % an keiner Entzugsbehandlung in einer psychiatrischen Einrichtung teilgenommen. Remissionen ohne suchtspezifische Hilfe sind nachgewiesen und stellen den überwiegenden Remissionsweg dar.

Diskussion
Zur Reduktion der ungünstigen langfristigen Verläufe sollten Prävention und Suchtkrankenversorgung mehr als bisher auf den Bedarf in der Bevölkerung ausgerichtet werden. In der psychiatrischen und weiteren medizinischen Praxis sollten leitliniengemäß Screenings auf Alkoholgebrauchsstörungen und entsprechende Kurzinterventionen durchgeführt werden.
A bibliometric portrait of a regional science scholar: in memory of professor Börje Johansson
Authors: Karlsson Charlie , Hammarfelt Björn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper pays homage to Professor Börje Johansson’s scientific contributions in general and to the field of regional science particularly through a bibliometric approach, highlighting his publishing and citation record, co-authors and co-editors, as well as his theoretical inspirators, fellow researchers and often cited researchers.
Mechanisms of damage and therapies for cardiac amyloidosis: a role for inflammation?
Authors: Bellofatto Ilaria Anna , Nikolaou Panagiota Efstathia , Andreadou Ioanna , Canepa Marco , Carbone Federico , Ghigo Alessandra , Heusch Gerd , Kleinbongard Petra , Maack Christoph , Podesser Bruno K. , Stamatelopoulos Kimon , Stellos Konstantinos , Vilahur Gemma , Montecucco Fabrizio , Liberale Luca 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe term cardiac amyloidosis (CA) refers to the accumulation of extracellular amyloid deposits in the heart because of different conditions often affecting multiple organs including brain, kidney and liver. Notably, cardiac involvement significantly impacts prognosis of amyloidosis, with cardiac biomarkers playing a pivotal role in prognostic stratification. Therapeutic management poses a challenge due to limited response to conventional heart failure therapies, necessitating targeted approaches aimed at preventing, halting or reversing amyloid deposition. Mechanisms underlying organ damage in CA are multifactorial, involving proteotoxicity, oxidative stress, and mechanical interference. While the role of inflammation in CA remains incompletely understood, emerging evidence suggests its potential contribution to disease progression as well as its utility as a therapeutic target. This review reports on the cardiac involvement in systemic amyloidosis, its prognostic role and how to assess it. Current and emerging therapies will be critically discussed underscoring the need for further efforts aiming at elucidating CA pathophysiology. The emerging evidence suggesting the contribution of inflammation to disease progression and its prognostic role will also be reviewed possibly offering insights into novel therapeutic avenues for CA.
Risk factors for residual pelvic obliquity one year after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Ozawa Yuto , Osawa Yusuke , Takegami Yasuhiko , Iida Hiroki , Takemoto Genta , Imagama Shiro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
It is not uncommon for patients with hip disorders to present with pelvic obliquity (PO), and residual PO after total hip arthroplasty (THA) may not only affect hip joint function but also cause adjacent intervertebral joint disorders. This study aimed to investigate the postoperative PO impact on clinical outcomes and risk factors by comparing patients who had PO after THA to those who did not.

Methods
A single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted. A total of 103 patients who underwent THA were included in this study from 2018 to 2020. Demographics, functional outcomes, and spinopelvic parameters were compared between post-THA PO of less than 2° (NT group, 55 patients) and PO of 2° or more (O group, 48 patients). Multivariate analysis was performed using factors with significant differences in univariate analysis.

Results
Postoperative Harris Hip Score Activity was significantly lower in the T group than in the NT group (p = 0.031). Preoperative PO was smaller in the NT group than in the T group (p = 0.001). Preoperative lumbar bending range (LBR) was significantly more flexible in the NT group than in the T group. In the logistic regression analysis, Age (odds ratio 0.957, 95% CI 0.923–0.993, p = 0.020), preoperative PO (odds ratio 1.490, 95% CI 1.100–2.020, p = 0.001), and LBR (odds ratio 0.848, 95% CI 0.756–0.951, p = 0.005) were found to be significant factors.

Conclusion
Younger age and large preoperative PO, and poor lumbar spine mobility were identified as risk factors for residual postoperative PO.
Influence of preoperative embolisation on resection of brain arteriovenous malformations: cohort study
Authors: Lee Seong Hoon , Loan James JM. , Downer Jonathan , DuPlessis Johannes , Keston Peter , Wiggins Anthony N. , Fouyas Ioannis , Sokol Drahoslav 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Preoperative endovascular embolisation is a widely used adjunct for the surgical treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, whether this improves completeness of AVM resection is unknown, as previous analyses have not adjusted for potential confounding factors. We aimed to determine if preoperative endovascular embolisation was associated with increased rate of complete AVM resection at first surgery, following adjustment for Spetzler-Martin grade items.

Methods
We identified a cohort of all patients undergoing first ever AVM resection in a specialist neurosciences unit in the NHS Lothian Health Board region of Scotland between June 2004 and June 2022. Data was prospectively extracted from medical records. Our primary outcome was completeness of AVM resection. We determined the odds of complete AVM resection using binomial logistic regression with adjustment for Spetzler-Martin grading system items: maximum nidus diameter, eloquence of adjacent brain and the presence of deep venous drainage.

Results
88 patients (median age 40y [IQR 19–53], 55% male) underwent AVM resection. 34/88 (39%) patients underwent preoperative embolisation and complete resection was achieved at first surgery in 74/88 (84%). Preoperative embolisation was associated with increased adjusted odds of complete AVM resection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 8.6 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.7–67.7]; p = 0.017). The presence of deep venous drainage was associated with reduced chance of complete AVM resection (aOR 0.18 [95% CI 0.04–0.63]; p = 0.009).

Conclusions
Preoperative embolisation is associated with improved chances of complete AVM resection following adjustment for Spetzler-Martin grade, and should therefore be considered when planning surgical resection of AVMs.