bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large, rugged and remote: The challenge of wolf–livestock coexistence on federal lands in the American West
Authors: Anderson Robert M. , Charnley Susan , Martin Jeff Vance , Epstein Kathleen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe expansion of grey wolves (Canis lupus) across the western United States, including on public lands used for extensive livestock grazing, requires tools and techniques for reducing wolf–livestock conflict and supporting coexistence. We examined approaches used on forested lands managed by the U.S. Forest Service, which we characterize as large, rugged and remote (LRR) landscapes. Research on the spatial aspects of where tools and techniques are deployed and their effectiveness across geographic settings is scant.We selected six national forests located in six western states where managers seek to mitigate ongoing wolf–livestock conflict and conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with stakeholders (n = 69) to discuss approaches to conflict mitigation and perceptions of the effectiveness of different tools and techniques.We developed a three‐part typology categorizing tools and techniques for conflict reduction: livestock husbandry, non‐lethal deterrents and targeted lethal removal of wolves. Across these categories, interviewees noted that many approaches are challenging to scale up to the geographic context of Forest Service grazing allotments and LRR landscapes.The techniques perceived by our informants to be most effective for mitigating conflict in LRR landscapes include: human presence (mobile range riders); flexibility in grazing management; husbandry practices to minimize livestock vulnerability; and targeted lethal removal of wolves (used in combination with non‐lethal techniques).Social, economic and political factors also influence the ability of producers to implement desired conflict mitigation tools in the national forest context. For example, the economic costs of implementation in LRR landscapes, and policies associated with grazing on federal lands, can limit mitigation options.Policy implications. Geography matters! Efforts to address wolf–livestock conflict are more likely to be effective if they are designed to fit the local geographic context. Effectiveness may also increase if mitigation efforts go beyond technical approaches, considering the social, economic and institutional context in which conflict is embedded.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
The impact of migrant remittances on poverty reduction in Bangladesh
Authors: Dey Sima R. , Basak Bishwajit 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aims to assess the impact of international remittances on poverty alleviation in Bangladeshi migrant families using household surveys. A Multi‐Stage Stratified Random Sampling approach was employed to collect data from four upazilas of the Tangail and Comilla districts. The propensity score matching (PSM) method is used to evaluate the impact of returnee workers' remittances on household economic welfare that to ensure poverty alleviation. The average treatment effect in treated outcomes using the PSM technique demonstrates that the land asset, income, and expenditure scenario of migrant households has improved significantly compared to nonmigrants, indicating a notable reduction in poverty. Moreover, international remittances also improved savings and investment status substantially, along with wealth accrual and land possession. Hence, international remittances proved to be a boon for migrant families as remittances drove returnee households towards lower poverty in Bangladesh. Intervention programs that include financial literacy components (including digital banking) for safe money transfer and low interest bank loans for migration costs are required to maintain remittance inflows and sustainable reductions in poverty.
Revamping hemothorax management: The promise of low‐dose intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy as an alternative
Authors: Mohamad Jailaini Mas Fazlin , Hashim Yusra , Abdul Hamid Mohamed Faisal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSurgical evacuation has long been the standard treatment for hemothorax. However, some patients are not suitable candidates for surgery. Intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy (IPFT) has recently emerged as an effective alternative for managing retained hemothorax. This case report describes two patients with retained hemothorax who were unfit for surgery and were successfully treated with IPFT at our centre. Both patients were deemed unsuitable for surgery due to comorbidities and their overall functional status. They received three cycles of IPFT, each consisting of 2.5 mg of alteplase. This treatment effectively evacuated the retained hemothorax, achieving complete radiological resolution without immediate or delayed complications up to 3 months post‐discharge.
Highly Selective Recovery of Gold by In Situ Magnetic Field‐Assisted Fe/Co‐MOF@PDA/NdFeB Double Network Gel
Authors: Ren Jianran , Li Qiang , Zhu Zhiliang , Qiu Yanling , Yu Fei , Zhou Tao , Yang Xue , Ye Kang , Wang Yabo , Ma Jie , Zhao Jianfu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere are enormous economic benefits to conveniently increasing the selective recovery capacity of gold. Fe/Co‐MOF@PDA/NdFeB double‐network organogel (Fe/Co‐MOF@PDA NH) is synthesized by aggregation assembly strategy. The package of PDA provides a large number of nitrogen‐containing functional groups that can serve as adsorption sites for gold ions, resulting in a 21.8% increase in the ability of the material to recover gold. Fe/Co‐MOF@PDA NH possesses high gold recovery capacity (1478.87 mg g−1) and excellent gold selectivity (Kd = 5.71 mL g−1). With the assistance of an in situ magnetic field, the gold recovery capacity of Fe/Co‐MOF@PDA NH is increased from 1217.93 to 1478.87 mg g−1, and the recovery rate increased by 24.7%. The above excellent performance is attributed to the efficient reduction of gold by FDC/FC+, Co2+/Co3+ double reducing couple, and the optimization of the reduction reaction by the magnetic field. After the samples are calcined, high‐purity gold (95.6%, 22K gold) is recovered by magnetic separation. This study proposes a forward‐looking in situ energy field‐assisted strategy to enhance precious metal recovery, which has a guiding role in the development of low‐carbon industries.
Magnetic Monopole‐Like Behavior in Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Coated With Chiral Molecules
Authors: Zhu Qirong , Cohen Sidney R. , Brontvein Olga , Fransson Jonas , Naaman Ron 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSuperparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have attracted wide attention due to their promising applications in biomedicine, chemical catalysis, and magnetic memory devices. In this work, the force is measured between a single SPION coated with chiral molecules and a ferromagnetic substrate by atomic force microscopy (AFM), with the substrate magnetized either toward or away from the approaching AFM tip. The force between the coated SPION and the magnetic substrate depends on the handedness of the molecules adsorbed on the SPION and on the direction of the magnetization of the substrate. By inserting nm‐scale spacing layers between the coated SPION and the magnetic substrate it is shown that the SPION has a short‐range magnetic monopole‐like magnetic field. A theoretical framework for the nature of this field is provided.
Lattice Strain in High Entropy Oxides Promote CO2 Photomethanation
Authors: Shi Xian , Dai Weidong , Li Xiaoqian , Yu Yangyang , Zhu Zirui , Cui Zhihao , Dong Xing'an 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLattice strain is widely investigated to improve the performance of heterogeneous catalysts, however, the effect of lattice strain is under‐explored in high‐entropy oxide based photocatalyst. In this study, noble‐metal‐free (CoCrMnFeNi)Ox with lattice strain is synthesized using a temperature‐controlled, template‐free and salt‐assisted strategy. In the presence of lattice strain, an intensive internal electric field is formed in (CoCrMnFeNi)Ox, promoting the separation of photoinduced charge carriers. The size of the (CoCrMnFeNi)Ox can be tuned by varying the calcination temperature. Specifically, (CoCrMnFeNi)Ox prepared at a higher temperature possesses a smaller grain size exposing more active sites, resulting in an enhanced CO2 photomethanation performance. This work provides valuable insights for the rational design of the photocatalysts and highlights the promising role of high‐entropy oxides in heterogeneous photocatalysis.
Nonlinear global design resistance: Case studies of post‐tensioned concrete bridges made of I‐73 and KA‐61 girders
Authors: Lipowczan Martin , Novák Lukáš , Lehký David , Novák Drahomír 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe paper portrays a comprehensive computational procedure for determining the global structural resistances of two existing bridges made of I‐73 and KA‐61 precast post‐tensioned concrete girders using advanced statistical assessment methods in combination with nonlinear fracture mechanics‐based finite element method analysis. Although this combination is a powerful tool for realistic modeling of structures, its practical application is still very time consuming. Therefore, a statistical sampling approach for the determination of the structural design resistance is compared to selected efficient semi‐probabilistic methods based on the estimation of coefficient of variation—estimation of coefficient of variation (ECoV) method according to fib Model Code 2010 and improved approach called Eigen ECoV method. Load‐bearing capacity is determined for the ultimate as well as several serviceability limit states. The sensitivity of the input parameters burdened with uncertainties on the response of the structure is quantified using a sensitivity analysis supported by a surrogate model based on polynomial chaos expansion. The paper shows that the applicability of nonlinear modeling with respect to uncertainties is possible when using these ECoV methods and a surrogate model and can be applied in a routine manner. The shortcomings and advantages of all the used safety design/assessment methods are discussed.
Anchorage capacity of bent looped wire ropes in precast concrete wall elements for T‐ and L‐ connections
Authors: Veyhe Torkil , Jørgensen Henrik Brøner , Hansen Søren Gustenhoff 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWithin the last decade, a construction‐friendly design principle using flexible wire ropes instead of traditional u‐bars for connecting wall elements has gained popularity. However, anchoring wire ropes in T and L connections remains a complex challenge. Here, the wire ropes stick out of the side of the wall element and are bent in the anchorage zone. This paper presents the findings of an extensive experimental program with 40 specimens, investigating the anchorage capacity of wire ropes in wall elements under these conditions. The study reveals that specially designed reinforcements significantly increase the anchorage capacity, while traditional wall reinforcements have minimal impact. Failure mechanisms primarily involve concrete cone failures, providing valuable insights for construction‐friendly connections. Based on the observed failure mechanism, the paper presents an analytical failure mechanism. The model is based on the upper‐bound theorem of plasticity theory. The model predicts both the capacity and the failure mechanism with satisfactory accuracy.
Digital Transformation and AI in Energy Systems: Applications, Challenges, and the Path Forward
Authors: Olson Eric 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe integration of digital technologies like Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things is transforming energy systems. This digital transformation aims to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and resilience in power generation, transmission, and consumption. A key focus is developing smart grids that leverage real-time data and intelligent algorithms to optimise operations. In response, deep learning and reinforcement learning techniques are being applied to bolster cybersecurity in the energy sector. Deep learning excels at detecting threats by identifying patterns in large datasets. Meanwhile, reinforcement learning can simulate attack scenarios to train adaptive defence strategies. However, cybersecurity threats pose a major risk as energy infrastructure becomes more interconnected. The Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack in 2021 demonstrated the vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure to cyberattacks. Despite great potential, challenges remain regarding model transparency, ethics, and data availability. Overall, realising the promise of AI in the energy sector requires navigating technical complexities and prioritising explainable, trustworthy systems. If implemented thoughtfully, these technologies can catalyse the transition to smarter, more efficient, resilient, and sustainable energy systems.
Introduction: Setting the Scene
Authors: Tausch Arno 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter sets the scene for our research. It starts from the assumption that homonegativity is not only a matter of growing scientific interest in the global scientific community, but also of growing concern for public security and political stability worldwide. The death penalty for homosexuality exists in Afghanistan, Brunei, Iran, Mauretania, Nigeria, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Uganda, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen. It outlines the basic research question of this publication: to estimate homonegativity in 88 countries and territories around the world, using open data from the World Values Survey, and to examine the relationship between homonegativity and religiously motivated political extremism. It outlines the structure of our study.
Climate Change-Related Displacement: Inter-Island and Rural–Urban Migration in the Solomon Islands: Options for a Viable National Resettlement Plan
Authors: Otoiasi Lovelyn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlobal environmental change has been projected to have a greater impact on human mobility across the globe. In the recent past, the movement of people between islands in the Solomon Islands was voluntary, either through marriage or other social interactions. However, recently climate change-related impacts have begun to force people to move, particularly from the low-lying atolls. Although there is a drive from the international community to address climate change-related resettlement and relocation, there is an urgent need to better understand local migration intervening factors and address these intervening obstacles to the resettlement programme in the Solomon Islands. This chapter discusses the intervening aspects of climate change-related migration and rural–urban migration to Honiara City, the capital of Solomon Islands, the options to address resettlement challenges, and makes recommendations for institutional, legal, and financial mechanisms for the nation’s Resettlement Programme. It is hoped that discussions from this chapter will provide the needed insights and a better understanding of various social, economic, and cultural attributes of climate-related human mobility in relation to Honiara and thereby inform the development and implementation of sound and viable legal and policy measures.
Climate Change, Agriculture, and Internal Human Mobility in the Bhutan Himalayas
Authors: Katel Om N. , Nair Anooja , Yangchen Ugyen , Wangmo Chogyel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhen it comes to the impact of climate change, Bhutan is one of the world’s most vulnerable countries. Although Bhutan has not contributed anything to cause climate change, it is facing the brunt of it impact. Bhutan’s climate is strongly influenced by the rugged mountainous terrain surrounding it as well as the Indian summer monsoon and changes in climate, which are increasing the vulnerability of vital economic sectors such as agriculture, forestry, and water resources. Climate change also impacts the country’s rich biodiversity and fragile community livelihoods through the increased risks of hazardous events such as glacier lake outburst floods, flash floods, droughts, and forest fires. This chapter analyses the impacts of climate change on agricultural livelihoods and associated internal human mobility. Despite being a small country, Bhutan has been doing its best to adapt to the impacts of climate change, but its topography and inadequate resources due to the small economy have been constraining Bhutan's developmental philosophy of Gross National Happiness and its achievement of its global sustainable development goals.
Achieving productivity and operator well-being: a dynamic task allocation strategy for collaborative assembly systems in Industry 5.0
Authors: Calzavara Martina , Faccio Maurizio , Granata Irene , Trevisani Alberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCollaborative robots, or cobots, offer a unique combination of productivity and flexibility that has led to significant growth in adoption over the past decade. Moreover, recently, there has been a shift towards a human-centered design of the workspace, known as one of the drivers of Industry 5.0, which prioritizes the well-being of operators. To achieve this, various human factors such as ergonomics, mental workload, personal skills, and capabilities need to be considered in the workspace design, and their impact on system productivity must be evaluated. The integration of a human and a cobot in the same workplace can affect the performance of the human operator, as the perception of the cobot can impact their work. This highlights the importance of taking human factors into account, as a lack of consideration in these aspects has contributed to the failure of many implementations. To link the objectives of productivity, flexibility, and human factors consideration, a dynamic real-time multi-objective task allocation strategy for collaborative assembly systems is developed. This approach considers the different characteristics of the resources and optimizes for two objectives, makespan, and energy expenditure of the operator. By using this approach, it is possible to modify the behavior of the cobot by reallocating tasks between the two resources based on the operator’s current needs. In other words, if the operator appears too stressed due to time constraints or their energy rate level is too high, some of their assigned tasks can be transferred to the cobot. This helps to maintain a balanced system while reducing the operator’s stress.
Insufficient compliance of the German Therapeutic Products Advertising Act in product catalogues of online pharmacies
Authors: Barlage Lara , Seifert Roland 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The importance of ordering drugs from online pharmacies in Germany is increasing constantly. At the same time, there are many online pharmacies that try to increase their own market share through advertising. In Germany, the advertising of drugs is regulated by the Therapeutic Products Advertising Act (Heilmittelwerbegesetz (HWG)) and must therefore also be complied with by online pharmacies in their product catalogues. One important purpose of the HWG is to protect consumers by ensuring that they are presented with all necessary medical-pharmacological information about the advertised product. This paper examines the implementation of as well as the compliance with Section 4 of the HWG in the product catalogues of two online pharmacies. For this purpose, the spring/summer catalogue of 2023 was considered in the allergy, cold and gastrointestinal tract categories, resulting in the inclusion of 143 drugs from online pharmacy 1 (OP1) and 102 drugs from online pharmacy 2 (OP2) for the analysis. The information on the drugs was taken from the respective catalogue and the pharmaceutical index ‘Gelbe Liste’, collected in tabular form and was encoded. Subsequently, the required mandatory information according to Section 4 was checked by comparing the collected information with the information from the package leaflet. The analysis revealed that both catalogues insufficiently complied with Section 4 of the HWG. OP1 complied with 75% of the mandatory information required under Section 4 of the HWG and OP2 with 64%. In the OP1 catalogue, there is no indication for 6% of the drugs and no specification for 29% of the traditionally registered drugs. In addition, the mandatory notice on risks and adverse effects in the OP1 catalogue is not presented in a consumer-friendly way. In the OP2 catalogue, further concerns about the compliance with the HWG were raised due to the missing indication for 17% of the drugs, no warning for 64% of the ethanol-containing drugs and no active ingredient for 31% of the monopreparations. The insufficient compliance with the HWG in the product catalogues of OP1 and OP2 means that consumer protection as a stated objective of the HWG cannot be guaranteed. Advertising for drugs should only be possible under the condition that the content of the advertisement complies with the HWG. Insufficient compliance, as in the product catalogue of OP1 and OP2, should be prohibited as it directly contradicts the law’s objective.
Roadmap on computational methods in optical imaging and holography [invited]
Authors: Rosen Joseph , Alford Simon , Allan Blake , Anand Vijayakumar , Arnon Shlomi , Arockiaraj Francis Gracy , Art Jonathan , Bai Bijie , Balasubramaniam Ganesh M. , Birnbaum Tobias , Bisht Nandan S. , Blinder David , Cao Liangcai , Chen Qian , Chen Ziyang , Dubey Vishesh , Egiazarian Karen , Ercan Mert , Forbes Andrew , Gopakumar G. , Gao Yunhui , Gigan Sylvain , Gocłowski Paweł , Gopinath Shivasubramanian , Greenbaum Alon , Horisaki Ryoichi , Ierodiaconou Daniel , Juodkazis Saulius , Karmakar Tanushree , Katkovnik Vladimir , Khonina Svetlana N. , Kner Peter , Kravets Vladislav , Kumar Ravi , Lai Yingming , Li Chen , Li Jiaji , Li Shaoheng , Li Yuzhu , Liang Jinyang , Manavalan Gokul , Mandal Aditya Chandra , Manisha Manisha , Mann Christopher , Marzejon Marcin J. , Moodley Chané , Morikawa Junko , Muniraj Inbarasan , Narbutis Donatas , Ng Soon Hock , Nothlawala Fazilah , Oh Jeonghun , Ozcan Aydogan , Park YongKeun , Porfirev Alexey P. , Potcoava Mariana , Prabhakar Shashi , Pu Jixiong , Rai Mani Ratnam , Rogalski Mikołaj , Ryu Meguya , Choudhary Sakshi , Salla Gangi Reddy , Schelkens Peter , Şener Sarp Feykun , Shevkunov Igor , Shimobaba Tomoyoshi , Singh Rakesh K. , Singh Ravindra P. , Stern Adrian , Sun Jiasong , Zhou Shun , Zuo Chao , Zurawski Zack , Tahara Tatsuki , Tiwari Vipin , Trusiak Maciej , Vinu R. V. , Volotovskiy Sergey G. , Yılmaz Hasan , De Aguiar Hilton Barbosa , Ahluwalia Balpreet S. , Ahmad Azeem 
Published: August 2024

AbstractComputational methods have been established as cornerstones in optical imaging and holography in recent years. Every year, the dependence of optical imaging and holography on computational methods is increasing significantly to the extent that optical methods and components are being completely and efficiently replaced with computational methods at low cost. This roadmap reviews the current scenario in four major areas namely incoherent digital holography, quantitative phase imaging, imaging through scattering layers, and super-resolution imaging. In addition to registering the perspectives of the modern-day architects of the above research areas, the roadmap also reports some of the latest studies on the topic. Computational codes and pseudocodes are presented for computational methods in a plug-and-play fashion for readers to not only read and understand but also practice the latest algorithms with their data. We believe that this roadmap will be a valuable tool for analyzing the current trends in computational methods to predict and prepare the future of computational methods in optical imaging and holography.