bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectivas de la seguridad aérea en el siglo XXI
Authors: Almeida Cantoni Alicia 
Published: November 2015

La aviación en el siglo XXI es considerada lo suficientemente segura, pero es evidente el riesgo que existe de verse socavada dicha seguridad ante la creciente ola de siniestros terroristas y de accidentes producidos durante el vuelo y algunos choques en tierra, que traen como resultado la pérdida de valiosísimas vidas y de recursos.
Effect of self-directed learning process on multimedia competencies of educational technology students
Authors: Â Bagheri Mohsen , Gheshlaghi Mohammad Hashemi , Nezhad Fatemeh Joshaghan 
Published: November 2015

The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Self-directed Learning (SDL) process on multimedia competencies of educational technology students at Arak university in Iran. The sample of the study consisted of all educational technology students studying at Arak university. The sample included students who were selected for project courses in the second semester of academic year 2014-2015. The quasi-experimental research, pre-test, post-test design was used for the study. Before the treatment, the pretest of multimedia competencies was employed, then students in the project course received education through the SDL process. The period lasted for 13 weeks, then the post-test was conducted. For data collection, the researchers prepared a questionnaire of multimedia competencies with three subscales (multimedia instructional design, multimedia production skills, and multimedia production tools). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts in the field of Educational Technology, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained as a reliability of 0.90. The data were analyzed with independent and paired-samples t-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between studentsâ€™ scores in pre-test and post-test; and there was no significant difference between male and female studentsâ€™ scores on multimedia competencies.
Keywords: educational technology, self-directed learning process, multimedia competencies
Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Human Chorion and Amnion With Coronally Advanced Flap for Recession Coverage: A Case Series
Authors: Pundir Aena Jain , Agrawal Vandita , Pundir Siddharth , Diwan Vikas , Bodhi Sonika 
Published: November 2015

Introduction: An amnion–chorion membrane is a placenta‐derived tissue that has been introduced recently as a guided tissue regeneration membrane in dentistry. Numerous growth factors, proteins, and stem cell reserves in amnion could help in accelerated wound healing and regeneration, whereas chorion is a rich source of various collagen and non‐collagen proteins. The present six‐patient observational case series compares amnion and chorion allografts for recession coverage.Case Series: Six healthy adult patients presenting with 12 Miller Class I recession defects were treated surgically with a modified coronally advanced flap along with amniotic membrane (group A) or chorion (group B) for coverage of the recession defects following a split‐mouth design. Clinical parameters measured at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months were width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), probing depth, recession height, clinical attachment level (CAL), and assessment of gingival biotype. Statistical analysis was done using paired and unpaired Student t test. The results showed statistically significant (P <0.01) improvements in all clinical parameters at the 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups in both groups. Nine of 12 treated recession defects showed 100% root coverage. The gingival biotype also showed a thick biotype in 10 sites that had an initial thin biotype.Conclusion: Both amnion and chorion membranes provided promising results in terms of root coverage, increased WKG, CAL gain, and thickness of the gingival biotype and can be used for periodontal plastic surgeries.
The Effects of Initial Periodontal Therapy on the Serum Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor‐κβ Ligand/Osteoprotegerin System in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontitis
Authors: Xu Jing Ling , Meng Huan Xin , He Lu , Wang Xian E. , Zhang Lin 
Published: November 2015

Background: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the serum receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κβ ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its changes after periodontal intervention.Methods: Thirty‐five patients with CP + T2DM, 35 systemically healthy patients with CP, and 35 healthy controls were enrolled, and serum levels of RANKL and OPG were measured at baseline. Then the CP + T2DM group was divided into a well‐controlled subgroup and a poorly controlled subgroup according to their hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and initial periodontal therapy was performed. After 3 months, patients in both subgroups were recalled, and serum RANKL and OPG levels were tested again and compared with the baseline.Results: At baseline, serum levels of OPG in the T2DM + CP group were much lower than in the CP group and healthy controls (197.41 ± 57.05 pg/mL versus 232.60 ± 70.85 pg/mL [CP group] or 244.96 ± 85.13 pg/mL [healthy controls], P <0.05), whereas their RANKL levels were much higher than in the other two groups (324.35 ± 87.62 pg/mL versus 284.52 ± 90.35 pg/mL [CP group] or 163.01 ± 45.24 pg/mL [healthy control], P <0.05), as was the RANKL/OPG (R/O) ratio (1.68 ± 0.33 versus 1.26 ± 0.35 [CP group] or 0.72 ± 0.25 [healthy control], P <0.001). Serum levels of OPG in both disease groups had significant negative correlations with HbA1C, and serum levels of RANKL in all participants had significant positive correlations with periodontal parameters. After periodontal intervention, both the well‐controlled and poorly controlled subgroups exhibited significant increases in OPG and decreases in RANKL in serum, and the R/O ratio was also notably reduced. Additionally, the poorly controlled subgroup exhibited a greater reduction in HbA1c and a greater increase in OPG than the well‐controlled subgroup.Conclusions: The changing trend in the serum RANKL/OPG system in patients with T2DM + CP was similar to that seen in CP patients and may be even more pronounced. Periodontal intervention effectively improved glucose metabolism and changed the serum RANKL/OPG system regardless of whether patients’ HbA1c was well‐controlled or poorly controlled over the 3‐month observation period.
Health Profiles of Newly Arrived Refugee Children in the United States, 2006–2012
Authors: Yun Katherine , Matheson Jasmine , Payton Colleen , Scott Kevin C. , Stone Barbara L. , Song Lihai , Stauffer William M. , Urban Kailey , Young Janine , Mamo Blain 
Published: November 2015

Objectives. We conducted a large-scale study of newly arrived refugee children in the United States with data from 2006 to 2012 domestic medical examinations in 4 sites: Colorado; Minnesota; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Washington State. Methods. Blood lead level, anemia, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, tuberculosis infection or disease, and Strongyloides seropositivity data were available for 8148 refugee children (aged < 19 years) from Bhutan, Burma, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Iraq, and Somalia. Results. We identified distinct health profiles for each country of origin, as well as for Burmese children who arrived in the United States from Thailand compared with Burmese children who arrived from Malaysia. Hepatitis B was more prevalent among male children than female children and among children aged 5 years and older. The odds of HBV, tuberculosis, and Strongyloides decreased over the study period. Conclusions. Medical screening remains an important part of health care for newly arrived refugee children in the United States, and disease risk varies by population.
Sociodemographic Predictors of Vaccination Exemptions on the Basis of Personal Belief in California
Authors: Yang Y. Tony , Delamater Paul L. , Leslie Timothy F. , Mello Michelle M. 
Published: November 2015

Objectives. We examined the variability in the percentage of students with personal belief exemptions (PBEs) from mandatory vaccinations in California schools and communities according to income, education, race, and school characteristics. Methods. We used spatial lag models to analyze 2007–2013 PBE data from the California Department of Public Health. The analyses included school- and regional-level models, and separately examined the percentage of students with exemptions in 2013 and the change in percentages over time. Results. The percentage of students with PBEs doubled from 2007 to 2013, from 1.54% to 3.06%. Across all models, higher median household income and higher percentage of White race in the population, but not educational attainment, significantly predicted higher percentages of students with PBEs in 2013. Higher income, White population, and private school type significantly predicted greater increases in exemptions from 2007 to 2013, whereas higher educational attainment was associated with smaller increases. Conclusions. Personal belief exemptions are more common in areas with a higher percentage of White race and higher income.
Cascade of Care for Hepatitis C Virus Infection Within the US Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Maier Marissa M. , Ross David B. , Chartier Maggie , Belperio Pamela S. , Backus Lisa I. 
Published: November 2015

Objectives. We measured the quality of HCV care using a cascade of HCV care model. Methods. We estimated the number of patients diagnosed with chronic HCV, linked to HCV care, treated with HCV antivirals, and having achieved a sustained virologic response (SVR) in the electronic medical record data from the Veterans Health Administration’s Corporate Data Warehouse and the HCV Clinical Case Registry in 2013. Results. Of the estimated 233 898 patients with chronic HCV, 77% (181 168) were diagnosed, 69% (160 794) were linked to HCV care, 17% (39 388) were treated with HCV antivirals, and 7% (15 983) had achieved SVR. Conclusions. This Cascade of HCV Care provides a clinically relevant model to measure the quality of HCV care within a health care system and to compare HCV care across health systems.
Like Father, Like Son: Cleidocranial Dysplasia
Authors: Brigham Elizabeth M. , Hennrikus William L. 
Published: November 2015

Case:
We present the case of a six-year-old boy who was referred to the pediatric orthopaedics division of our academic medical center by his primary care physician for a concern regarding possible fractured clavicles. He was diagnosed with cleidocranial dysplasia, a genetic condition characterized by skeletal and dental anomalies, primarily delayed ossification of midline osseous structures. On radiographs, cleidocranial dysplasia has been linked to both coxa vara and a characteristic “chef’s hat” appearance of the femoral head.

Conclusion:
Cleidocranial dysplasia has multiple potential orthopaedic complications, and an awareness of this condition, its presentations, and its diagnosis is useful for all physicians.
Medial and Lateral Meniscal Inside-Out Repairs
Authors: LaPrade Robert F. , Moulton Samuel G. , Cram Tyler R. , Geeslin Andrew G. , LaPrade Christopher M. , Engebretsen Lars 
Published: November 2015

Meniscal tears differ in terms of pattern and location. If left untreated, a meniscal tear can lead to the development of osteoarthritis and increased pain, swelling, and functional limitations. Tears in the vascularized outer two-thirds of the meniscus can often be successfully repaired with use of an inside-out technique. Vertical mattress sutures stabilize the meniscal tear in place, allowing for proper healing.
The principal steps in the procedure include (1) assessing the location and pattern of the tear arthroscopically, (2) performing a medial or lateral meniscal repair incision in the proper anatomic location, (3) passing the sutures in a vertical mattress pattern through the torn meniscus, and (4) tying the sutures while verifying sufficient reduction of the tear arthroscopically.
Postoperatively, patients remain non-weight-bearing for the course of six weeks. Passive knee flexion from 0° to 90° is allowed for the first two weeks. After two weeks, motion is increased as tolerated. At six weeks postoperatively, patients are allowed to progress to weight-bearing as tolerated and initiate the use of a stationary bicycle. They should avoid squatting, sitting cross-legged, and squatting and lifting for four months postoperatively to avoid substantial stress on the healing meniscus. After four months, sports-specific activities are initiated. Patients are expected to return to normal physical activity within four to six months postoperatively.
Composite Resin Core Buildups With and Without Post for the Restoration of Endodontically Treated Molars Without Ferrule
Authors: Magne P , Goldberg J , Edelhoff D , Güth J-F 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARY

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the restoration of highly damaged, broken-down endodontically treated molars without the ferrule effect using glass ceramic crowns on different dual-cure composite resin core buildups.

Methods and Materials
Thirty (N=30, n=15) decoronated, endodontically treated teeth (no ferrule) were restored without a ferrule with a direct buildup using the dual-curing composite Multicore HB (group MHB) or the dual-curing composite core buildup Multicore Flow in combination with glass-fiber–reinforced composite post (FRC post; group MFP). All teeth were prepared to receive bonded glass ceramic crowns (Empress CAD luted with Variolink II) and were subjected to accelerated fatigue testing. Cyclic isometric loading was applied to the palatal cusp at an angle of 30 degrees and a frequency of 5 Hz, beginning with a load of 200 N (×5000 cycles), followed by stages of 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, and 1400 N at a maximum of 30,000 cycles each. Specimens were loaded until failure or to a maximum of 185,000 cycles. Groups were compared using the life table survival analysis (log rank test at p=0.05). Average fracture loads and number of survived cycles were compared with one-way analysis of variance (Scheffé post hoc at p=0.05). Previously published data from the same authors about core buildups made of high-performance polymers (group HPP, n=15) and light-curing composite resin without FRC posts (group TEC, n=15) and with FRC posts (group TECP, n=15) using the same experimental setup were included for comparison.

Results
None of the tested specimen withstood all 185,000 load cycles. There was no significant difference in mean fracture load (p=0.376), survived cycles (p=0.422), and survival (p=0.613) between MHB (facture load 859.4 N±194.92) and MFP (796.13 N±156.34). Group HPP from a previous study appeared to have significantly higher performance than all other groups except MHB. All groups with posts were affected by an initial failure phenomenon (wide gap at the margin between the buildup/crown assembly and the root).

Conclusions
HPP and MHB enhanced the performance of all-ceramic leucite-reinforced glass ceramic crowns, and insertion of a fiber-reinforced composite post was not influential when using other materials.
Psychometric Validation of the Growth and Empowerment Measure (GEM) Applied with Indigenous Australians
Authors: Haswell Melissa R. , Kavanagh David , Tsey Komla , Reilly Lyndon , Cadet-James Yvonne , Laliberte Arlene , Wilson Andrew , Doran Chris 
Published: November 2015

Objective: Empowerment is a complex process of psychological, social, organizational and structural change. It allows individuals and groups to achieve positive growth and effectively address the social and psychological impacts of historical oppression, marginalization and disadvantage. The Growth and Empowerment Measure (GEM) was developed to measure change in dimensions of empowerment as defined and described by Aboriginal Australians who participated in the Family Well Being programme. Method: The GEM has two components: a 14-item Emotional Empowerment Scale (EES14) and 12 Scenarios (12S). It is accompanied by the Kessler 6 Psychological Distress Scale (K6), supplemented by two questions assessing frequency of happy and angry feelings. For validation, the measure was applied with 184 Indigenous Australian participants involved in personal and/or organizational social health activities. Results: Psychometric analyses of the new instruments support their validity and reliability and indicate two-component structures for both the EES (Self-capacity; Inner peace) and the 12S (Healing and enabling growth, Connection and purpose). Strong correlations were observed across the scales and subscales. Participants who scored higher on the newly developed scales showed lower distress on the K6, particularly when the two additional questions were included. However, exploratory factor analyses demonstrated that GEM subscales are separable from the Kessler distress measure. Conclusion: The GEM shows promise in enabling measurement and enhancing understanding of both process and outcome of psychological and social empowerment within an Australian Indigenous context.
Neurological Soft Signs in Individuals with Schizotypal Personality Features
Authors: Chan Raymond C. K. , Wang Ya , Zhao Qing , Yan Chao , Xu Ting , Gong Qi-yong , Manschreck Theo C. 
Published: November 2015

Objective: The current study attempted to examine the prevalence of neurological soft signs and their relationships with schizotypal traits in individuals with psychometrically defined schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) features. Method: Sixty-four individuals with SPD-proneness and 51 without SPD-proneness were recruited for the present study. The soft signs subscales of the Cambridge Neurological Inventory were administered to all participants; the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) was administered to SPD-proneness and non-SPD-proneness participants. Results: The SPD-proneness participants demonstrated significantly higher prevalence of soft signs than those without SPD-proneness. SPQ subscales were significantly associated with ratings of motor coordination, sensory integration and total soft signs. Conclusion: These findings suggest that neurological soft signs are trait markers of schizophrenia.
Prevalence of Self-Management Versus Formal Service Use for Common Mental Disorders in Australia: Findings from the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Olesen Sarah C. , Butterworth Peter , Leach Liana 
Published: November 2015

Objective: To determine the proportion of Australian adults who use non-practitioner led support services and self-management strategies for common mental disorders. Method: Data were drawn from the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, a representative survey of 8841 Australian adults aged 16 to 85 years. This survey included the Composite International Diagnostic Instrument to obtain diagnosis of International Classification of Diseases (Version 10; ICD-10) mental disorders. Information about consultations with health professionals for mental health problems and the use of support services and self-management strategies was also collected. Results: Half of all adults who met the criteria for an affective or anxiety disorder in the last 12 months reported using non-practitioner led support services and/or self-management strategies for their mental health problems. Six per cent used support services, including Internet and non-online support groups and telephone counselling, and 51.9% used self-management strategies such as doing ‘more of the things you enjoy’ to ‘help deal with’ their mental health problems. Of people with a 12-month common mental disorder, 24% used support services and/or self-management strategies without additional formal services; 29.3% used both. Of adults with a 12-month affective or anxiety disorder, 37% used neither formal services nor self-management strategies. A substantial proportion of people who reported using self-management strategies for their mental health did not have a diagnosable affective or anxiety disorder. Conclusions: The use of non-practitioner led support services and self-management strategies for mental health problems, with and without adjunct use of formal health services, is widespread in Australia. Future research is needed to investigate why people may select these strategies over formal services, or whether self-management reflects the presence of barriers to use of formal services.
Do Dispositional Rumination and/or Mindfulness Moderate the Relationship Between Life Hassles and Psychological Dysfunction in Adolescents?
Authors: Marks Anthony D.G. , Sobanski Donna J. , Hine Donald W. 
Published: November 2015

Objective: This study examined the moderating effects of dispositional rumination and mindfulness on the relationship between recent life hassles and adolescent mental health (operationalized as symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress). Method: Data collected from a sample of 317 Australian high school students comprised an inventory of recent life hassles, measures of dispositional rumination and dispositional mindfulness and an assessment of current symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Results: An increased incidence of recent life hassles was reliably associated with increased depressive symptoms, anxiety and stress. However, moderation analyses revealed that dispositional rumination exacerbated the relationship between life hassles and symptoms of depression and anxiety, whereas dispositional mindfulness attenuated the relationship between life hassles and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Conclusions: Interventions to increase dispositional mindfulness in childhood are proposed as a method of protecting the psychological well-being of adolescents confronted by inevitable everyday life stress.
Association Between Abnormal Psychosocial Situations in Childhood, Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Authors: Nordahl Hans M. , Wells Adrian , Olsson Craig A. , Bjerkeset Ottar 
Published: November 2015

Objective: Psychosocial stressors are important in the pathogenesis of most mental disorders. However, little is known about the way psychosocial stressors uniquely combine to create risk for different expressions of child and adolescent psychopathology. The purpose of this study was to determine whether core dimensions of stressful psychosocial situations are differentially associated with childhood generalized anxiety disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. Method: A case-control design conducted in Trondheim (Norway) from 2002 to 2004 comparing exposure to ICD-10-defined abnormal psychosocial situations (Z-codes) among 21 children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and 22 children with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) recruited from a university outpatient clinic with 42 non-patient school controls. Results: Multigroup discriminant analysis extracted two significant dimensions within the psychosocial variables assessed. Function 1 was characterized by overprotection, parental pressures and acute life events and was associated with GAD. Function 2 was characterized by parental abuse/hostility and interpersonal stress and was associated with ODD. Both dimensions were able to correctly classify 89.7% of the cases, compared to 35.9% by chance. Conclusions: The results indicate that specific psychosocial dimensions are differentially related to childhood GAD and ODD. This may be useful in targeting at-risk populations for preventive intervention as well as informing more accurate alignment of psychosocial resources for treatment.