bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical overloading causes mitochondrial superoxide and SOD2 imbalance in chondrocytes resulting in cartilage degeneration
Authors: Koike Masato , Nojiri Hidetoshi , Ozawa Yusuke , Watanabe Kenji , Muramatsu Yuta , Kaneko Haruka , Morikawa Daichi , Kobayashi Keiji , Saita Yoshitomo , Sasho Takahisa , Shirasawa Takuji , Yokote Koutaro , Kaneko Kazuo , Shimizu Takahiko 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMechanical stress and aging are major risk factors of cartilage degeneration. Human studies have previously reported that oxidative damage increased, while SOD2 protein was reciprocally downregulated in osteoarthritic degenerated cartilage. However, it remains unclear whether mitochondrial superoxide imbalance in chondrocytes causes cartilage degeneration. We herein demonstrate that mechanical loading promoted mitochondrial superoxide generation and selective Sod2 downregulation in chondrocytes in vivo and that mitochondrial superoxide inducer also downregulated Sod2 expression in chondrocytes in vitro. A genetically manipulated model revealed that Sod2 deficiency in chondrocytes also resulted in mitochondrial superoxide overproduction and dysfunction, thus leading to cartilage degeneration. Intra-articular injection of a permeable antioxidant effectively suppressed the mechanical loading-induced mitochondrial superoxide generation and cartilage degeneration in mice. Our findings demonstrate that mitochondrial superoxide plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of osteoarthritis and the mitochondrial superoxide balance may therefore be a promising target for the treatment of cartilage degeneration.
Evaluation of Performance With an Adaptive Digital Remote Microphone System and a Digital Remote Microphone Audio-Streaming Accessory System
Authors: Wolfe Jace , Morais Duke Mila , Schafer Erin , Jones Christine , Mülder Hans E. , John Andrew , Hudson Mary 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
One purpose of this study was to evaluate the improvement in speech recognition obtained with use of 2 different remote microphone technologies. Another purpose of this study was to determine whether a battery of audiometric measures could predict benefit from use of these technologies.

Method
Sentence recognition was evaluated while 17 adults used each of 2 different hearing aids. Performance was evaluated with and without 2 different remote microphone systems. A variety of audiologic measures were administered to determine whether prefitting assessment may predict benefit from remote microphone technology.

Results
Use of both remote microphone systems resulted in improvement in speech recognition in quiet and in noise. There were no differences in performance obtained with the 2 different remote microphone technologies in quiet and at low competing noise levels, but use of the digital adaptive remote microphone system provided better speech recognition in the presence of moderate- to high-level noise. The Listening in Spatialized Noise–Sentence Test Prescribed Gain Amplifier (Cameron & Dillon, 2010) measure served as a good predictor of benefit from remote microphone technology.

Conclusions
Each remote microphone system improved sentence recognition in noise, but greater improvement was obtained with the digital adaptive system. The Listening in Spatialized Noise–Sentence Test Prescribed Gain Amplifier may serve as a good indicator of benefit from remote microphone technology.
Neugeborenen-Hörscreening – Ergebnisse einer Elternbefragung in Sachsen-Anhalt
Authors: Müller J. , Fechner H. , Köhn A. , Rißmann A. 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Qualitätssicherung ist in den letzten Jahren im Zuge des modernen patientenorientierten Qualitätsmanagements zu einem wesentlichen Bestandteil des heutigen Gesundheitswesens geworden. Mit der gesetzlichen Einführung des Neugeborenen-Hörscreening (NHS) im Jahr 2009 ist eine Qualitätssicherung dieser Früherkennungsuntersuchung notwendig geworden. Das Ziel der Studie war es, die Patientenzufriedenheit in Bezug auf das NHS in Sachsen-Anhalt zu ermitteln.
Patienten/Methode: Im Zeitraum von November 2013 bis April 2014 wurden retrospektiv 394 Eltern mithilfe eines standardisierten Fragebogens zu ihren Erfahrungen und Erwartungen in Bezug auf das NHS befragt. Insgesamt beteiligten sich 21 Kindertageseinrichtungen und 6 Kinderarztpraxen aus ganz Sachsen-Anhalt.
Ergebnisse: Es zeigt sich, dass die Mehrheit der Eltern mit dem NHS zufrieden ist und 97,7% das Angebot eines NHS befürworten. Von den befragten Eltern empfanden 69,3% die Aufklärung als ausreichend. Jedoch hatten sich lediglich 66,2% der Eltern mit dem Merkblatt des G-BA beschäftigt. Darüber hinaus sind 17,7% der Befragungsteilnehmer mit der fachlichen Kompetenz des untersuchenden Personals unzufrieden.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass das NHS von den Eltern als sinnvoll erachtet wird und die Einstellung gegenüber dieser Früherkennungsuntersuchung trotz einiger Kritikpunkte positiv ausfällt.
Activity-dependent synaptic GRIP1 accumulation drives synaptic scaling up in response to action potential blockade
Authors: Gainey Melanie A. , Tatavarty Vedakumar , Nahmani Marc , Lin Heather , Turrigiano Gina G. 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Brain circuits need plasticity mechanisms that stabilize activity to function properly. Although such homeostatic plasticity mechanisms have been widely described in a number of brain circuits, little is known about the molecular pathways that mediate them. Here, we show that an important form of homeostatic synaptic plasticity at excitatory synapses, synaptic scaling, relies on the activity-dependent accumulation of the glutamate receptor-binding protein glutamate receptor-interacting protein-1 (GRIP1) at synaptic sites. Our data show that GRIP1 is recruited to synapses under conditions of hypoactivity and, through a direct interaction with AMPA-type glutamate receptors, in turn, recruits more AMPA receptors to the synapse. These findings generate molecular insight into the mechanisms that adjust excitatory synaptic strength in response to perturbations in firing.
Usefulness and Validity of the Modified Addiction Severity Index: A Focus on Alcohol, Drugs, Tobacco, and Gambling
Authors: Denis Cécile , Fatséas Mélina , Beltran Virginie , Serre Fuschia , Alexandre Jean-Marc , Debrabant Romain , Daulouède Jean-Pierre , Auriacombe Marc 
Published: June 2015

Background Individuals who seek treatment for an addictive disorder often exhibit comorbid substance use disorders and/or gambling disorder. The lack of a unique severity assessment instrument might be an obstacle for individuals to access integrated and comprehensive treatment. This paper aimed to examine the usefulness and validity of a modified version of the Addiction Severity Index (mASI) to assess all substance use disorders (including tobacco) and gambling. Methods Participants ( N = 833) were interviewed with the mASI and completed a validity battery questionnaire. The validity and the reliability of the mASI were examined. Results The mASI was reliable, and its 9 assessed domains showed a relative independence, supporting its multidimensionality. Conclusions The standardized properties of the mASI permit a comprehensive and systematic assessment of all addictive disorders independent of individuals’ perceived problems and treatment settings, hence facilitating personalized treatment planning.
Hyperscape: visualization for complex biological networks
Authors: Cromar Graham L. , Zhao Anthony , Yang Alex , Parkinson John 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Network biology has emerged as a powerful tool to uncover the organizational properties of living systems through the application of graph theoretic approaches. However, due to limitations in underlying data models and visualization software, knowledge relating to large molecular assemblies and biologically active fragments is poorly represented.
Results: Here, we demonstrate a novel hypergraph implementation that better captures hierarchical structures, using components of elastic fibers and chromatin modification as models. These reveal unprecedented views of the biology of these systems, demonstrating the unique capacity of hypergraphs to resolve overlaps and uncover new insights into the subfunctionalization of variant complexes.
Availability and implementation: Hyperscape is available as a web application at http://www.compsysbio.org/hyperscape. Source code, examples and a tutorial are freely available under a GNU license.
Contacts: john.parkinson@utoronto.ca or graham.cromar@gmail.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Complex history of isolation and gene flow in hoary, Olympic, and endangered Vancouver Island marmots
Authors: Kerhoulas Nicholas J. , Gunderson Aren M. , Olson Link E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractClimate change resulting in a reduction of alpine habitat is believed to pose a considerable risk to alpine-dependent species, including many marmots. Hoary marmots (Marmota caligata) range throughout much of the mountainous Pacific Northwest (PNW) and Rocky Mountains while the closely related Olympic and Vancouver Island marmots (M. olympus and M. vancouverensis, respectively) are restricted to small isolated regions of the PNW. The endemic Vancouver Island marmot is currently classified as Critically Endangered and the Olympic marmot has recently experienced dramatic population declines. Previous phylogenetic studies of PNW marmot species have had limited power as they focused on resolving interspecific relationships, implicitly assumed an absence of gene flow among currently recognized species, included relatively few individuals, and relied heavily or entirely on mitochondrial DNA. We sequenced 2 mitochondrial and 4 nuclear markers from 167 hoary, 4 Vancouver Island, and 5 Olympic marmots in order to investigate phylogenetic relationships and historic gene flow among these species. We recovered 2 monophyletic (and predominantly allopatric) mitochondrial clades of hoary marmots that are not sister groups. Instead, Vancouver Island marmots formed a monophyletic mitochondrial sister clade to 1 of the hoary marmot clades. Nuclear loci did not recover the 2 mitochondrial clades of hoary marmots and suggest that Vancouver Island marmots may have experienced mitochondrial introgression from coastal mainland hoary marmots. Additionally, our nuclear results suggest possible gene flow between hoary and Olympic marmots despite different chromosomal formulas. Rather than resolving what has previously been considered a straightforward 3-taxon phylogenetic question, our findings suggest a complicated history of rapid divergence of the 3 species followed by intermittent and possibly ongoing gene flow between hoary marmots and both Olympic and Vancouver Island marmots. These results therefore have significant implications for the conservation of the latter 2 species, both of which are conservation concerns.
The prehospital intravenous access assessment: a prospective study on intravenous access failure and access delay in prehospital emergency medicine
Authors: Prottengeier Johannes , Albermann Matthias , Heinrich Sebastian , Birkholz Torsten , Gall Christine , Schmidt Joachim 
Published: June 2015

Objectives
Intravenous access in prehospital emergency care allows for early administration of medication and extended measures such as anaesthesia. Cannulation may, however, be difficult, and failure and resulting delay in treatment and transport may have negative effects on the patient. Therefore, our study aims to perform a concise assessment of the difficulties of prehospital venous cannulation.

Methods
We analysed 23 candidate predictor variables on peripheral venous cannulations in terms of cannulation failure and exceedance of a 2 min time threshold. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted for variables of predictive value (P<0.25) and evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC>0.6) of their respective receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results
A total of 762 intravenous cannulations were enroled. In all, 22% of punctures failed on the first attempt and 13% of punctures exceeded 2 min. Model selection yielded a three-factor model (vein visibility without tourniquet, vein palpability with tourniquet and insufficient ambient lighting) of fair accuracy for the prediction of puncture failure (AUC=0.76) and a structurally congruent model of four factors (failure model factors plus vein visibility with tourniquet) for the exceedance of the 2 min threshold (AUC=0.80).

Conclusion
Our study offers a simple assessment to identify cases of difficult intravenous access in prehospital emergency care. Of the numerous factors subjectively perceived as possibly exerting influences on cannulation, only the universal – not exclusive to emergency care – factors of lighting, vein visibility and palpability proved to be valid predictors of cannulation failure and exceedance of a 2 min threshold.
Simple Plans or Sophisticated Habits? State, Transition and Learning Interactions in the Two-step Task
Authors: Akam Thomas , Costa Rui , Dayan Peter 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe recently developed ‘two-step’ behavioural task promises to differentiate model-based or goal-directed from model-free or habitual reinforcement learning, while generating neurophysiologically-friendly decision datasets with parametric variation of decision variables. These desirable features have prompted widespread adoption of the task. However, the signatures of model-based control can be elusive – here, we investigate model-free learning methods that, depending on the analysis strategy, can masquerade as being model-based. We first show that unadorned model-free reinforcement learning can induce correlations between action values at the start of the trial and the subsequent trial events in such a way that analysis based on comparing successive trials can lead to erroneous conclusions. We also suggest a correction to the analysis that can alleviate this problem. We then consider model-free reinforcement learning strategies based on different state representations from those envisioned by the experimenter, which generate behaviour that appears model-based under these, and also more sophisticated, analyses. The existence of such strategies is of particular relevance to the design and interpretation of animal studies using the two-step task, as extended training and a sharp contrast between good and bad options are likely to promote their use.Author SummaryPlanning is the use of a predictive model of the consequences of actions to guide decision making. Planning plays a critical role in human behaviour but isolating its contribution is challenging because it is complemented by control systems which learn values of actions directly from the history of reinforcement, resulting in automatized mappings from states to actions often termed habits. Our study examined a recently developed behavioural task which uses choices in a multi-step decision tree to differentiate planning from value-based control. Using simulation, we demonstrated the existence of strategies which produce behaviour that resembles planning but in fact arises as a fixed mapping from particular sorts of states to actions. These results show that when a planning problem is faced repeatedly, sophisticated automatization strategies may be developed which identify that there are in fact a limited number of relevant states of the world each with an appropriate fixed or habitual response. Understanding such strategies is important for the design and interpretation of tasks which aim to isolate the contribution of planning to behaviour. Such strategies are also of independent scientific interest as they may contribute to automatization of behaviour in complex environments.
Financial exclusion of the poor: a literature review
Authors: Koku Paul Sergius 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to conduct a cross-disciplinary review of the literature on financial exclusion in order to provide a place where one could have a bird’s eye view of the academic activities that have been happening in the area.Design/methodology/approach– As a literature review, no specific methodology is required.Findings– Researchers in economic geography and urbanization seem to have contributed significantly to the growing literature on financial exclusion. The persistence of the problem despite efforts to combat it calls for innovative thinking on the part of marketing scholars and financial institutions on how to serve the unbanked.Research limitations/implications– The review identifies gaps in the state of current research and provides direction for future research.Practical implications– The study identifies gaps in the literature and provides directions for future research.Social implications– As a literature review, there is only an indirect social implications in the sense that the studies reviewed could be used to impact people’s lives.Originality/value– As a literature review, originality is not an applicable criterion, however, the study provides value to the reader by bringing together disparate studies at one place and by pointing out gaps in the current state of research.
Workplace quotas
Authors: Matherly Laura L. , Al Nahyan Shamma Sultan 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– This study aims to develop a theoretical model that specifies the most important factors hypothesised to facilitate reciprocal knowledge transfer between nationals and non-nationals in the context of workplace quotas.Design/methodology/approach– Expatriate labour is viewed as a form of contingent employment that provides firms with ready access to experienced and specialised knowledge. We argue that in a knowledge economy, the successful use of workplace quotas for nationals depends on effective management of both nationals and non-nationals. By drawing on scholarly contributions in the areas of strategic management, agency theory, knowledge management and absorptive capacity, this paper consolidates extant knowledge and proposes a new framework aimed at developing a more integrated agenda for future research.Findings– Three broad categories are posited as strategic enablers to effective knowledge management. First, senior leadership has a direct role in developing appropriate policies, promoting transparency and fostering a culture of trust and an indirect role through the establishment of incentives. Second, the influence of incentives on both knowledge management and process improvement is addressed. Third, the characteristics of each group with regard to qualifications, motivation and receptivity are discussed. Optimally, these factors work in concert to build competencies that ultimately satisfy customers and meet organisational goals.Originality/value– There is a gap in scholarly research that explicitly links important organisational and management concepts to the study of expatriate-national interactions. This article contributes to understanding how policy makers and leaders can strengthen the transformative forces that will drive successful development of human capital.
Examining the relationship between organizational coaching and workplace counterproductive behaviours in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al-Nasser Amjad , Behery Mohamed 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to establish both the validity of Western theories within the Middle East, namely, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and to further improve and extend our understanding of the effect of organisational coaching on counterproductive behaviours, such as bullying and alienation.Design/methodology/approach– A sample size of 656 participants from 29 organisations and 14 different industries was employed. A research model was proposed, refined and tested through a quantitative paradigm using one dimension nonlinear principal components analysis, linear structural equation modelling (SEM) and MANOVA.Findings– The correlation analysis results show non-significant negative correlations between coaching and all of the organisational counterproductive behaviour dimensions but not certainty. It was found that a significant weak relationship exists between most of the mediator dimensions, while a strong relationship exists between job alienation and workplace bullying. Results of the linear SEM provide support that coaching is related to certainty. Furthermore, the results reveal that certainty mediates a significant link between coaching and organisational counterproductive work behaviours (job alienation and bullying).Originality/value– The study is considered the first in the UAE to investigate organisational counterproductive work behaviours (bullying and job alienation). The main contribution of this study is to quantify the relationship between organisational coaching and bullying and job alienation mediated by organisational climate dimensions.
Correlates of employee turnover intentions in oil and gas industry in the UAE
Authors: Harhara Afif Saif , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Hussain Matloub 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to develop a framework to understand, predict and control factors affecting employee turnover intentions in the oil and gas industry in the UAE. The oil and gas industry, considered as the backbone of UAE’s economy, has been facing high employee turnover rate.Design/methodology/approach– The paper examined researches conducted in the area of employee turnover intentions and proposed a framework to be used by the practicing managers to retain employees and leverage their potentials for organizational growth.Findings– A framework of employee turnover intentions was developed based on body of research literature which suggests to the interplay of individual-, group-, environmental- and organizational-level variables.Research limitations/implications– The proposed framework on employee turnover intentions is well-suited for usage in the oil and gas industry in the UAE. However, the proposed framework can also be utilized with caution in other industries as well.Practical implications– The study incorporates correlates of employee turnover intentions in a framework for helping practicing managers to design interventions to retain talent for the benefits of both the employees and the organizations.Originality/value– This paper provides a comprehensive framework which can help practitioners and also academics to understand the underlying causes of turnover in the oil and gas industry.