bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized comparison of prophylaxis and on‐demand regimens with FEIBA NF in the treatment of haemophilia A and B with inhibitors
Authors: Antunes S. V. , Tangada S. , Stasyshyn O. , Mamonov V. , Phillips J. , Guzman‐Becerra N. , Grigorian A. , Ewenstein B. , Wong W.‐Y. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryFactor replacement therapy for the treatment of moderate to severe haemophilia A and B can be complicated by the production of inhibitory alloantibodies to factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX. Treatment with the nanofiltered anti‐inhibitor coagulant complex, Factor Eight Inhibitor Bypassing Activity (FEIBA NF), is a key therapeutic option for controlling acute haemorrhages in patients with high‐titre inhibitors or low‐titre inhibitors refractory to replacement therapy. Given the high risk for morbidity and mortality in haemophilia patients with inhibitors to FVIII or FIX, we conducted this Phase 3 prospective study to evaluate whether prophylaxis with FEIBA NF is a safe and effective treatment option. Over a 1‐year period, 17 subjects were treated prophylactically (85 ± 15 U kg−1 every other day) while 19 subjects were treated on demand. The median (IQR) annualized bleeding rate (ABR) during prophylaxis was 7.9 (8.1), compared to 28.7 (32.3) during on‐demand treatment, which amounts to a 72.5% reduction and a statistically significant difference in ABRs between arms (P = 0.0003). Three (17.6%) subjects (ITT) on prophylaxis experienced no bleeding episodes, whereas none treated on demand were bleeding episode‐free. Total utilization of FEIBA NF for the treatment of bleeding episodes was significantly higher during on‐demand therapy than prophylaxis (P = 0.0067). There were no differences in the rates of related adverse events between arms. This study demonstrates that FEIBA prophylaxis significantly reduces all types of bleeding compared with on‐demand treatment, and the safety of prophylaxis is comparable to that of on‐demand treatment.
Study of different fouling mechanisms during membrane clarification of red plum juice
Authors: Nourbakhsh Himan , Emam‐Djomeh Zahra , Mirsaeedghazi Hossein , Omid Mahmoud , Moieni Sohrab 
Published: August 2013

SummaryIn this study, the flux decline mechanisms were identified during membrane clarification of red plum juice at several processing parameters, including pore size, membrane type, transmembrane pressure, temperature and velocity. The results were used to investigate the effect of changes in operating conditions on the intensity of membrane fouling. Also, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for analysing fouling‐layer morphology. These results showed that the main mechanism responsible for membrane fouling was cake formation (over 95% fitness) occurring in the first stage of the process. Intermediate, standard and complete blockings were formed during most of the runs as filtration proceeded. The results also indicated that increasing the temperature from 30 to 40 °C was the most effective factor in decreasing cake‐layer fouling, reducing it by about 66.7%. Furthermore, an increase in processing velocity of up to 0.5 m s−1 had the greatest effect on intermediate blocking, reducing it by about 86.1%. Also, increasing pressure up to 2.9 bar completely eliminated standard blocking and complete blocking. Finally, microstructure analysis of membrane using SEM confirmed that cake formation had the greatest impact on membrane fouling.
Bacterial inactivation and quality changes of fresh‐cut avocados as affected by intense light pulses of specific spectra
Authors: Ramos‐Villarroel Ana , Aron‐Maftei Nicoleta , Martín‐Belloso Olga , Soliva‐Fortuny Robert 
Published: August 2013

SummaryIntense light pulses (ILP) treatments have good prospects for becoming an alternative to traditional thermal methods for decontamination of food surfaces. The aim of this work was to evaluate which ranges of the light spectrum are responsible for bacterial inactivation and their effect on the quality of fresh‐cut avocado. Results show that the effectiveness of ILP treatment decreases when the ultraviolet (UV) spectral region is blocked (particularly UV‐C). ILP treatments without UV‐C light (305–1100 nm) and an overall fluence of 10.68 J cm−2 caused reductions of 2.47 and 1.35 log CFU g−1 in the initial counts of inoculated Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua, respectively, in comparison with those treated using only VIS–NIR light (0.83 and 0.68 log CFU g−1, respectively). Treatments applying light of a wavelength between 305 and 1100 nm had a more pronounced impact on colour, texture and headspace gas composition than treatments that did not contain UV light (400–1100 nm).
Acute bacterial prostatitis after transrectal ultrasound‐guided prostate biopsy: Epidemiological, bacteria and treatment patterns from a 4‐year prospective study
Authors: Campeggi Alexandre , Ouzaid Idir , Xylinas Evanguelos , Lesprit Philippe , Hoznek Andras , Vordos Dimitri , Abbou Claude‐Clément , Salomon Laurent , de la Taille Alexandre 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo evaluate the incidence, and clinical and bacterial features of iatrogenic prostatitis within 1 month after transrectal ultrasound‐guided biopsy for detection of prostate cancer.MethodsFrom January 2006 to December 2009, 3000 patients underwent a 21‐core transrectal ultrasound‐guided prostate biopsy at Henri Mondor Hospital (Créteil, France) and were prospectively followed. All patients had a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial prophylaxis for 7 days. The primary study end‐point was to evaluate the incidence of iatrogenic acute prostatitis within 1 month after the biopsy. The secondary end‐point was to analyze the clinical and the bacterial features of the prostatitis.ResultsOverall, 20 patients of the entire study population (0.67%) had an acute bacterial prostatitis within 2.90 ± 1.77 days (range 1–7 days) after the transrectal ultrasound‐guided biopsy. The groups of patients with (n = 20) and without (n = 2980) infection were similar in terms of age, prostate‐specific antigen level and prostate volume. Escherichia coli was the only isolated bacteria. The subsequent tests for antibiotic susceptibility showed a 95% resistance for fluroquinolone and amoxicillin. Resistance to amoxiclav, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole, third generation cephalosporin and amikacin was 70%, 70%, 25% and 5% respectively. No resistance to imipenem was reported. They were all admitted for treatment without the need of intensive care unit referral. Complete recovery was achieved after 21.4 ± 7 days of antibiotic treatment.ConclusionsA fluroquinolone‐based regimen still represents an appropriate prophylaxis protocol to minimize the risk of acute prostatitis secondary to prostate biopsy. Patients should be provided the appropriate care soon after the onset of the symptoms. An intravenous third generation cephalosporin or imipenem‐based therapy seem to provide satisfying results.
Phylogenetic perspectives on biome shifts in Leucocoryne (Alliaceae) in relation to climatic niche evolution in western South America
Authors: Jara‐Arancio Paola , Arroyo Mary T. K. , Guerrero Pablo C. , Hinojosa Luis F. , Arancio Gina , Méndez Marco A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimShifts between the western South American sclerophyll and winter‐rainfall desert biomes and their relationship to climatic niche evolution and aridity development were investigated in the South American endemic geophytic Leucocoryne (Alliaceae) clade.LocationWestern South America.MethodsWe constructed a molecular phylogeny (internal transcribed spacer, ITS), estimated lineage divergence times, and identified ancestral biomes and biome shifts. The multivariate climatic niche of present‐day species was described using occurrence data and bioclimatic variables. Climatic niche similarity was evaluated using Mahalanobis and Fisher distances. Brownian motion (BM) and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) models of evolution were used to characterize temperature and precipitation niche evolution. Ancestral temperature and precipitation were estimated using the phylogenetic generalized least‐squares method.ResultsLeucocoryne exhibits a low level of phylogenetic biome conservatism. The clade arose in the early Miocene in an ancestral sclerophyll biome and subsequently moved northwards into the arid winter‐rainfall biome on two separate occasions, during the late Miocene and Pliocene, respectively, with very recent diversification of species in the winter‐rainfall desert. Overall, the multivariate climatic niche showed significant differentiation, and phylogenetic and climatic niche distances were correlated. Temperature and precipitation niche evolution within lineages followed a pattern that is consistent with stabilizing selection (OU model).Main conclusionsThe low level of phylogenetic biome conservatism found in Leucocoryne is associated with considerable expansion of the precipitation and temperature niche axes. Unidirectional biome shifts from a wetter biome characterized by higher species richness and more continuous vegetation cover, into a drier biome with lower species richness and much sparser vegetation cover, suggest that the availability of and lower biotic resistance within open habitats facilitated biome shifts in Leucocoryne. Incursion into the arid winter‐rainfall desert and diversification there may have been facilitated by the conservative geophytic life‐form of Leucocoryne, the generally cool coastal conditions, and the wet/dry climatic cycles occurring since the late Miocene.
Psoriasis and dyslipidemia: a population‐based study analyzing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Authors: Ma C. , Schupp C.W. , Armstrong E.J. , Armstrong A.W. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis has been linked to an increased incidence of coronary artery disease, stroke, myocardial infarctions and cardiovascular deaths. Dyslipidemia, a well‐established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, involves inflammatory pathways that are also implicated in psoriasis. An understanding of the relationship between psoriasis and dyslipidemia may have a substantial clinical impact.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the association between psoriasis and multiple measurements of dyslipidemia, which include levels of triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, LDL‐cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol, HDL/LDL ratio and total cholesterol.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based, cross‐sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2006 and 2009–2010. NHANES is a national research survey programme conducted biennially to evaluate the health and nutritional status of the U.S. population. The survey uses a multistage, stratified design. NHANES data were collected from questionnaires, physical examination and laboratory values.ResultsThe sample population consisted of 13 418 adults who provided responses to their psoriasis status. A total of 353 (2.63%) participants reported a health care provider‐given diagnosis of psoriasis. The multivariate analysis showed that psoriasis was not significantly associated with certain measures of dyslipidemia from this population. Specifically, in psoriasis patients, the weighted odds ratio (OR) of total cholesterol >200 mg/dL was 0.96 (95% CI 0.74–1.24); weighted OR of HDL‐cholesterol <40 mg/dL was 0.92 (95% CI 0.65–1.30); weighted OR of LDL‐cholesterol >130 mg/dL was 0.67 (95% CI 0.43–1.03); weighted OR of triglycerides >150 mg/dL was 1.20 (95% CI 0.89–1.63); weighted OR of apolipoprotein B >130 mg/dL was 1.29 (95% CI 0.69–2.41); weighted OR of HDL/LDL <0.4 was 1.20 (95% CI 0.8–1.79).ConclusionBased on the NHANES data 2003–2006 and 2009–2010, psoriasis is not significantly associated with alterations in certain lipid levels. Larger sample sizes may be necessary to detect appreciable differences in the lipid levels between patients with and without psoriasis.
Multiple Lines of Evidence Shed Light on the Occurrence of Paramecium (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) in Bromeliad Tank Water
Authors: Buosi Paulo R. B. , Cabral Adalgisa F. , Simão Taiz L. L. , Utz Laura R. P. , Velho Luiz F. M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPhytotelmata are vegetal structures that hold water from the rain, and organic matter from the forest and the soil, resulting in small, compartmentalized bodies of water, which provide an essential environment for the establishment and development of many organisms. These microenvironments generally harbor endemic species, but many organisms that are found in lakes and rivers, are also present. Here, we report, for the first time, the occurrence of the ciliate genus Paramecium in the tank of the bromeliad species Aechmaea distichantha. The identification of the Paramecium species was performed based on live observations, protargol impregnation, scanning electronic microscopy, and sequencing of the 18s rRNA. The absence of Paramecium from bromeliad tank water was highlighted in several earlier investigations, and may be due to the fact that this species is unable to make cysts. The occurrence of Paramecium multimicronucleatum in our samples may be explained by the proximity between the bromeliads and the river, a potential source of the species. Further, we also believe that the counting methodology used in our study provides a more accurate analysis of the species diversity, since we investigated all samples within a maximum period of 6 h after sampling, allowing minimum loss of specimens.
PROFILING U.S. METROPOLITAN REGIONS BY THEIR SOCIAL RESEARCH NETWORKS AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
Authors: Strumsky Deborah , Thill Jean‐Claude 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTOn the premise that knowledge creation defines contemporary metropolitan regions, we profile them by their inventive networks, as measured by a variety of complementary social network, technology, and patenting metrics that distinguish scalar and structural aspects. Using a comprehensive, multiyear database of patent applications, we investigate whether the knowledge creation network profiles are discriminating characteristics of metropolitan regions by establishing a new urban taxonomy for metropolitan areas in the United States. The four‐class taxonomy is not only statistically significant, but it is also economically meaningful in terms of economic performance of metropolitan areas. We find that metropolitan areas benefit from a higher density of inventors in the population, and that there is a positive correlation between economic performance and metropolitan areas with inventor teams working in similar or complementary areas of technology. In fact, the structure of knowledge creation networks are fundamental to economic performance and extends to metropolitan growth rates in jobs and income.
Tissue fatty acid composition and estimated ∆ desaturase activity after castration in chicken broilers fed with linseed or sunflower oil
Authors: Mašek T. , Starčević K. , Filipović N. , Stojević Z. , Brozić D. , Gottstein Ž. , Severin K. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe aims of this study were to investigate the influence of the short‐term addition of sunflower and linseed oil and castration on fatty acid composition and desaturation indexes in chicken broilers. Forty‐eight male Ross 308 chicken broilers were supplemented with 5% of sunflower or linseed oil. The four experimental groups were linseed oil supplementation and castration (LC), linseed oil without castration (LN), sunflower oil and castration (SC) and sunflower oil without castration (SN). There was no significant influence of castration or oil supplement on live weights, weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion. Castration resulted in an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), total n3, n6, measured desaturation indexes and a decrease in the saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content of abdominal fat. In breast muscle, castration increased PUFA and 18:3n3 values, while in the liver tissue, castration did not influence the parameters measured. Linseed oil supplementation significantly increased 18:3n3, n3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA), total n3 and decreased total n6, n6/n3 ratio, and 20:4n6 content. Values for 20:4n6 were the highest in SC and the lowest in the LC group. Linseed oil also significantly decreased ∆5 and ∆4 desaturation indexes in the thighs and ∆5 and ∆5, 6 in abdominal fat and the liver. These results suggest that short‐term supplementation of basal diet with 5% of linseed oil could significantly increase n3 LC PUFA and decrease n6/n3 ratio content in the edible tissues of chicken broilers, without adverse effects on growth performance. Meanwhile, castration only improved fatty acid profile in abdominal fat, which is not nutritionally important. The interactions observed between basal diet, supplemented oil, sex hormones and other non‐nutritional factors must be elucidated in future trials in order to correctly predict the nutritional value of linseed‐fed poultry.
Direct and indirect relationships between genetic diversity of a dominant grass, community diversity and above‐ground productivity in tallgrass prairie
Authors: Chang Cynthia C. , Smith Melinda D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractQuestionBoth genetic diversity within a dominant species and species diversity have been shown to affect productivity. However, these two levels of diversity have the potential to affect productivity in similar or opposing ways. Our study assessed direct and indirect relationships between genetic diversity of a dominant grass species and plant community diversity on productivity within a mesic grassland with naturally co‐occurring genotypes and species.LocationKonza Prairie Biological Station, Kansas,USA(39°05′35″ N, 96°33′31″ W).MethodsWe conducted a study at two sites (~65 plots per site) in intact tallgrass prairie that have been subjected to frequent (burned 14 times) and infrequent (burned nine times) fire treatments for ~30 yrs. With frequent burning, the dominant C4grass,Andropogon gerardii,typically has higher abundance; in contrast, infrequently burned sites typically have higher species diversity but lower abundance ofA. gerardii. Therefore, we hypothesized that genetic diversity withinA. gerardiiwould have a significant direct relationship with productivity for the frequently burned site due to higher population abundances ofA. gerardiioverall,whereas species diversity would have a significant direct relationship with productivity for the infrequently burned site.ResultsContrary to our predictions, genetic diversity ofA. gerardiiwas not related to above‐ground productivity either directly or indirectly via traits, while diversity at the community level had a negative indirect relationship with productivity via a negative effect ofA. gerardiiabundance on community diversity for both frequently and infrequently burned sites.ConclusionsWhile much of the focus of diversity–productivity research has been on direct relationships between diversity at the community or population level separately, future studies should examine the indirect and potentially interactive effects of both levels of diversity in natural communities.
Fossorial life does not constrain diet selection in the amphisbaenian Trogonophis wiegmanni
Authors: Martín J. , Ortega J. , López P. , Pérez‐Cembranos A. , Pérez‐Mellado V. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMorphological adaptations of amphisbaenians for a fossorial life constrain their ecological demands in a greater way than for epigeal reptiles. Studies on the diet of amphisbaenians suggest that most species are generalists, although others seem more selective. However, there is no information on the diet preferences of almost any species because most studies did not evaluate the availability of prey in the environment. We analysed the spring diet selection of a population of the amphisbaenian Trogonophis wiegmanni from the Chafarinas Islands, in North Africa. We specifically examined diet estimated from faecal material collected from live amphisbaenians and compared diet with the availability of invertebrates in the soil. Results indicate that the diet of T. wiegmanni amphisbaenians consists of some of the types of invertebrates that are more commonly found under rocks used by amphisbaenians, such as insect larvae, snails, isopods, beetles and ants. This diet could be initially considered generalist, and probably opportunistic. However, the comparison of proportions of prey types in the diet and those available in the habitat revealed that T. wiegmanni does not eat prey at random, but selects some particular prey types (insect larvae and pupae and, surprisingly, snails), while others (ants and isopods) are consumed less than expected by their abundance. We did not found differences between sexes or age classes in diet composition. We discuss how diet preferences could be due to selection of the more profitable or easily captured prey. There are many aspects of the feeding and foraging biology of amphisbaenians that remain unknown and further studies are clearly needed.
Development of an actuarial static risk model suitable for automatic scoring for predicting juvenile recidivism
Authors: McKinlay Audrey , James Victoria L. , Grace Randolph C. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo test the feasibility of an actuarial model for juvenile offending suitable for automatic scoring.DesignWe identified a nationally representative sample of 936 young persons aged 13–17 (745 male, 191 female) who received a juvenile justice intake in 2002 in New Zealand.MethodsBest‐subsets logistic regression and a formal model selection criterion were used to generate a predictive model for reoffending, and a conservative estimate of accuracy was obtained with cross‐validation.ResultsRecidivism during a 1‐year follow‐up was significantly higher for male (60.8%) compared to female (46.6%) delinquents. The model showed that young persons who were male, younger at their first social welfare intake, and had more prior court dates and a greater frequency of contact with police, were more likely to re‐offend. The accuracy of the model was moderately high (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = .710). A model developed specifically for the female cases failed to provide a significant increase in predictive accuracy.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the feasibility of an actuarial model for juvenile offending that is suitable for automatic scoring. Although male delinquents pose a higher absolute risk of juvenile offending than female delinquents, a common set of items related to history of contact with police and social welfare agencies provide a similarly accurate measure of relative risk for both sexes.