bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myocardial T1 mapping at 3.0 tesla using an inversion recovery spoiled gradient echo readout and bloch equation simulation with slice profile correction (BLESSPC) T1 estimation algorithm
Authors: Shao Jiaxin , Rapacchi Stanislas , Nguyen Kim‐Lien , Hu Peng 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundTo develop an accurate and precise myocardial T1 mapping technique using an inversion recovery spoiled gradient echo readout at 3.0 Tesla (T).Theory and MethodsThe modified Look‐Locker inversion‐recovery (MOLLI) sequence was modified to use fast low angle shot (FLASH) readout, incorporating a BLESSPC (Bloch Equation Simulation with Slice Profile Correction) T1 estimation algorithm, for accurate myocardial T1 mapping. The FLASH‐MOLLI with BLESSPC fitting was compared with different approaches and sequences with regards to T1 estimation accuracy, precision and image artifact based on simulation, phantom studies, and in vivo studies of 10 healthy volunteers and three patients at 3.0 Tesla.ResultsThe FLASH‐MOLLI with BLESSPC fitting yields accurate T1 estimation (average error = −5.4 ± 15.1 ms, percentage error = −0.5% ± 1.2%) for T1 from 236–1852 ms and heart rate from 40–100 bpm in phantom studies. The FLASH‐MOLLI sequence prevented off‐resonance artifacts in all 10 healthy volunteers at 3.0T. In vivo, there was no significant difference between FLASH‐MOLLI‐derived myocardial T1 values and “ShMOLLI+IE” derived values (1458.9 ± 20.9 ms versus 1464.1 ± 6.8 ms, P = 0.50); However, the average precision by FLASH‐MOLLI was significantly better than that generated by “ShMOLLI+IE” (1.84 ± 0.36% variance versus 3.57 ± 0.94%, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe FLASH‐MOLLI with BLESSPC fitting yields accurate and precise T1 estimation, and eliminates banding artifacts associated with bSSFP at 3.0T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:414–425.
Improved Synthesis of Oligomeric Sulfone‐Based Phthalonitriles
Authors: Laskoski Matthew , Keller Teddy M. , Ricks‐Laskoski Holly L. , Giller Carl B. , Hervey Judson 
Published: July 2015

An improved method has been developed to produce an oligomeric sulfonyl‐containing phthalo­nitrile with better processability. The oligomeric phthalonitrile monomer is prepared from the reaction of an excess amount of bisphenol A with 4‐(chlorophenyl)sulfone in the presence of a mixed base system (NaOH/K2CO3) in a dimethylsulfoxide/toluene solvent mixture, followed by end‐capping with 4‐nitrophthalonitrile in a two‐step, one‐pot reaction. This phthalonitrile resin exhibits lower viscosities than previously reported systems for molding into various shapes. After being thermally cured to yield crosslinked polymers, this sulfonyl‐based polymer demonstrates superb mechanical properties and thermo‐oxidative stability, absorbs less than 1.0 weight percent water, and maintains good dielectric properties.
image
Thermally Conductive Adhesive from Chemically Modified Cellulose and Nanoparticle of Surfactant‐Doped Polypyrrole
Authors: Draman Sarifah Fauziah Syed , Daik Rusli , El‐Sheikh Said M. , Latif Famiza Abdul 
Published: July 2015

SummaryNanocomposite of thermally conductive adhesive was prepared from cellulose‐based adhesive, TSA‐doped Ppy and ceramic filler via colloidal dispersion. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize the nanocomposites. Electrical and thermal conductivity were measured by using frequency response analyzer and thermal analyzer, respectively. Results showed that the prepared thermally conductive adhesive was stable at relatively high temperature. The electrical conductivity found for the nanocomposite was in the range of semi conductive region. Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity was higher than the conventional polymer.
Insertion of Platinum Particles in Bacterial Cellulose Membranes from PtCl4 and H2PtCl6 Precursors
Authors: Aritonang Henry Fonda , Onggo Djulia ,   Ciptati , Radiman Chyntia L. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe Pt nanoparticles have been synthesized in situ using bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes as the matrix. The BC was immersed in a solution of PtCl4 and H2PtCl6 as Pt(IV) precursors also in surfactant stabilized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) as carbon source. Then, the Pt(IV) was reduced by hydrogen gas. Two routes have been applied for the insertion Pt particles; in the first route the Pt particles were inserted before the insertion of MWCNT and in the second route the other way around was applied. The products of these two insertion routes for each precursor are designated as BC‐‐MWCNT, BC‐‐MWCNT for the first route and BC‐MWCNT‐, BC‐MWCNT‐ for the second route, respectively. Both routes revealed that the Pt particles insertion in BC depends on the type of precursors and insertion routes, as seen from the morphology and Pt particles content. The first route produces Pt diameter of 26 nm while the second one 42 nm. The use of PtCl4 in the first route resulted in higher content of Pt particles (50%) compared to H2PtCl6 (39%). On the other hand, the type of precursor did not give any significant effect to the content of Pt inserted; both gave 29% of Pt to the second route. The high Pt content observed on the BC‐‐MWCNT membrane surface is possible because PtCl4 precursor forms H2[PtCl4(OH)2] that initially can be bound via hydrogen bonding to the BC backbone. It is concluded that smaller size and high content of Pt particles have been obtained from PtCl4 precursor, the distribution of Pt particles and MWCNT are almost homogenous in the BC‐‐MWCNT membrane derived from precursor PtCl4.
Synthesis of ETP‐MMA and Lead Tetroxide Composites as Material for X‐Ray Radiation Shielding Door
Authors: Anggaravidya Mahendra , Sudirman  , Rarista Ruri , Budianto Emil , Soegijono Bambang 
Published: July 2015

SummaryManufacture of composite barrier X‐Ray radiation has been carried out by mixing Elastomer Thermoplastic‐Methyl Metacrylate (ETP‐MMA) with Pb3O4. The study was conducted with four variations: the variation of used rubber materials; the variation of rubber filler material composition; the variation of composite distance to the plane X‐rays; and the variations of composites thickness. Characterizations in this research are X‐ray radiation testing, mechanical testing, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization. The characterizations show that the increasing of thermoplastic composition caused to the increasing of cavities, the reducing of radiation adsorption and the enhanching of mechanical properties. The addition of material composition gives an impact to the elevating of composite density, absorption of radiation, and hardness, but the decreasing of composite strength. Both thicker composite and greater distance between X‐ray machine resulting in greater radiation absorption. The best rubber material as the composite is TPE 30%. The largest composition is 500 phr. The optimum composition in the MMA‐TPE 50% is 435.82 phr with 0.4 cm of thickness. The optimum conditions of 50% MMA‐TPE composite with 0.2 cm of thickness is 168.19 cm in minimum distance between composite and X‐ray machine.
Effect of Carbon Fiber Loading in Mechanical Properties and Electrical Conductivity of Polyvinyl Alcohol Based Composites
Authors: Ismadi  , Herman Yuwono Akhmad , Astutiningsih Sotya , Subyakto  
Published: July 2015

SummaryPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) needs to be reinforced with other material to increase its mechanical strength and electrical conductivity to get wider applications. In this research effect of addition of carbon fiber on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of PVA based composites was observed. Concentrations of carbon fiber applied were 0, 2, 4 and 6% w/w based on PVA dry weight. PVA film was synthesized by dilute solid PVA in water at temperature of 80 °C for 6 hours with 8% w/w of water, and continued with chilling for 12 h. Carbon fiber was added and stirred by ultra‐turrax for 40 seconds, and the solution was film‐casted. Characterization the composites include morphology analysis (optical microscope and SEM), crystallite size (X‐ray diffraction), mechanical test and electrical conductivity measurement. The result showed that tensile strength increase with increased of carbon fiber added. The optimal value of tensile strength (34.08 MPa) was obtained from 2% w/w of carbon fibers. Addition of 6% w/w of carbon fiber increased electrical conductivity up to 1.33 × 10−3 S/cm, this was significantly enhanced from that net PVA of 2.3 × 10−8 S/cm. Generally, addition of carbon fiber increase tensile strength and electrical conductivity of PVA based composites.
Copolymerization of Acrylamide with 9‐ and 10‐Acrylamidodecanoic Acids
Authors: Desnelli  , Mujahidin D. , Permana Y. , Radiman Chyntia L. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryCopolymerization of acrylamide with 9‐ and 10‐acrylamidodecanoic acids (AADAs) has been carried out by free radical polymerization using ammonium persulphate as an initiator. AADA monomer was synthesized from 9‐decenoic acid via Ritter reaction using acrylonitrile and sulfuric acid as catalyst. Characterization of monomers and the resulting copolymers were performed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform‐Infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, respectively. The intrinsic viscosities of copolymers with various compositions were measured using Ubbelohde capillary viscometer in 1.0 M sodium chloride solution. It was found that the intrinsic viscosity of the copolymers decreased with increasing the AADA monomer content.
Freeze‐Thaw Treatment in 2% w/w NaOH‐6 M Urea Enhanced Extraction of β‐(1,3;1,4)‐Glucan from Corn Pericarp
Authors: Yoshida Tomoki , Honda Yoichi , Tujimoto Takashi , Uyama Hiroshi , Azuma Jun‐ichi 
Published: July 2015

SummaryEnhancement of the extraction rate of β‐glucan from corn pericarp (CP) by repeated freeze‐thaw treatment of 2% w/w NaOH‐6 M urea solution was investigated with emphasis on the association of β‐glucan with cellulose in CP. Three freeze‐thaw cycles were found to be adequate for extraction of β‐glucan at a rate of 97.8%. The increase in extraction rate induced by the freeze‐thaw treatment was estimated to be approximately 20%. The natural cellulose I structure of the cellulose in CP was disrupted by the freeze‐thaw treatment, suggesting that the increase was due to greater β‐glucan solubilization owing to the disruption of its association with cellulose by hydrogen bonds. The applicability of the present technique to other cereals was also demonstrated; extraction rates of 82.8% for oat meal and 92.5% for barley flour were achieved.
Image reconstruction using a gradient impulse response model for trajectory prediction
Authors: Vannesjo S. Johanna , Graedel Nadine N. , Kasper Lars , Gross Simon , Busch Julia , Haeberlin Maximilian , Barmet Christoph , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: July 2015

PurposeGradient imperfections remain a challenge in MRI, especially for sequences relying on long imaging readouts. This work aims to explore image reconstruction based on k‐space trajectories predicted by an impulse response model of the gradient system.Theory and MethodsGradient characterization was performed twice with 3 years interval on a commercial 3 Tesla (T) system. The measured gradient impulse response functions were used to predict actual k‐space trajectories for single‐shot echo‐planar imaging (EPI), spiral and variable‐speed EPI sequences. Image reconstruction based on the predicted trajectories was performed for phantom and in vivo data. Resulting images were compared with reconstructions based on concurrent field monitoring, separate trajectory measurements, and nominal trajectories.ResultsImage reconstruction using model‐based trajectories yielded high‐quality images, comparable to using separate trajectory measurements. Compared with using nominal trajectories, it strongly reduced ghosting, blurring, and geometric distortion. Equivalent image quality was obtained with the recent characterization and that performed 3 years prior.ConclusionModel‐based trajectory prediction enables high‐quality image reconstruction for technically challenging sequences such as single‐shot EPI and spiral imaging. It thus holds great promise for fast structural imaging and advanced neuroimaging techniques, including functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and arterial spin labeling. The method can be based on a one‐time system characterization as demonstrated by successful use of 3‐year‐old calibration data. Magn Reson Med 76:45–58, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Statistically rigorous analysis of imaging SIMS data in the presence of detector saturation
Authors: Gelb Lev D. , Bakhtiari Layla A. , Walker Amy V. 
Published: July 2015

We present a new strategy for analyzing imaging time‐of‐flight SIMS data sets affected by detector saturation. Rather than attempt to correct the measured data to remove saturation, we incorporate the detector behavior into the statistical basis of the analysis. This is performed within the framework of maximum a posteriori reconstruction. The proposed approach has several advantages over previous techniques. No approximations are involved other than the assumed model of the detector. The method performs well even when applied to highly saturated and/or single‐scan data sets. It is statistically rigorous, correctly treating the underlying statistical distribution of the data. It is also compatible with Bayesian methods for incorporating prior knowledge about sample properties. An efficient iterative scheme for solving the proposed equations is presented for the case of the bilinear model commonly used in analyses of SIMS data. The correctness of the approach and its efficacy are demonstrated on synthetic data sets. The method is found to perform better than a widely‐used data‐correction method used in combination with alternating‐least‐squares Multivariate Curve Resolution analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Limitations and breakdown of Monin–Obukhov similarity theory for wind profile extrapolation under stable stratification
Authors: Optis Michael , Monahan Adam , Bosveld Fred C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe intent of this study is to investigate the limitations of the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) for wind profile extrapolation—particularly its breakdown in stable stratification—and to explore several modifications intended to circumvent aspects of this breakdown. Using 10years of 10min averaged data from the 213m Cabauw meteorological tower in the Netherlands, we first demonstrate the sensitivity of the logarithmic wind speed model to highly uncertain estimates of the roughness length, z0, and the associated limitations of applying the model in horizontally inhomogeneous conditions. We then demonstrate that these limitations can be mitigated by avoiding the use of z0 in the logarithmic wind speed model. Rather, by using a lower boundary above z0 (e.g. 10m) and a ‘bulk’ Obukhov length measured between two near‐surface altitudes, substantial improvements in wind speed extrapolation accuracy are found. Next, we demonstrate the limitations in applying the logarithmic wind speed model above the surface layer (SL), specifically the divergence of different forms of the MOST stability function, the role of the Coriolis force and the decoupling of surface winds from those aloft. Finally, we explore similarity‐based modifications to the logarithmic wind speed model that are intended to improve its accuracy above the SL, but we find that such modifications cannot circumvent the limitations described earlier. Given that modern hub heights and altitudes swept out by a wind turbine blade extend well beyond the range of applicability of MOST under conditions of stable stratification, new extrapolation models are required that are more applicable at these altitudes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parastomal Hernia: Impact on Quality of Life?
Authors: van Dijk Sven M. , Timmermans Lucas , Deerenberg Eva B. , Lamme Bas , Kleinrensink Gert‐Jan , Jeekel Johannes , Lange Johan F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionParastomal hernia (PH) is a frequent complication after end‐colostomy formation. PH may negatively influence the quality of life in end‐colostomy patients. Our study investigates the quality of life and body image (BI) in patients with an end‐colostomy.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of end‐colostomy patients in two different hospitals. Patients were included if they had received a Hartmann procedure or abdominal perineal resection between 2004 and 2011. Patients were invited to the outpatient clinic for clinical examination to determine if a PH was present and were asked to fill out the Short form 36, EuroQol‐5D, and body image questionnaire (BIQ).ResultsOne‐hundred‐and‐fifty patients were eligible for the study; 139 filled out the questionnaires, of which 79 (56.8 %) had developed a PH. A linear multivariate regression showed PH caused a decrease in physical functioning (difference −10.2, p = 0.033) and general health (difference −9.0, p = 0.021), increase in pain (difference −11.3, p = 0.009) and decrease in the overall physical component score (difference −4.8, p = 0.020). The BIQ showed that PH increased the shame of the scar (difference −0.4, p = 0.010). Having an incisional hernia simultaneously decreased patients’ scoring of the scar in the BIQ (difference −0.99, p = 0.015).DiscussionPHs cause significant decreases in quality of life and BI of patients. Counseling of patients towards PH and prevention of PH should therefore be of more concern in surgical departments.
Styles of Counterfactual Thoughts in People with and without Signs of Depression
Authors: Faccioli Juliana Sarantopoulos , Schelini Patricia Waltz 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPeople in a depressive state frequently believe that things could have happened differently in their lives, which is regarded as counterfactual thought. This study aimed to investigate whether the styles of counterfactual thought shown by people with indicating signs of depression and by people without any of those signs are different. Study participants were 42 adults divided into two groups: those with signs of depression and those without signs of depression. Five stories taken from newspapers and magazines and fictional scenarios were presented to the participants. After reading such stories, participants had to answer questions about how the narrated facts could have been different from what they actually were. Results indicated similar counterfactual thought styles in both groups (with and without depression signs). Most of the thoughts found were categorized as upward, subtractive, self-referent and that modified an aspect referred to action/inaction. A few significant differences between groups were observed, and most of them were obtained through directed modifications, in the last three stories. Some tendencies were shown in the group of people with signs of depression, such as those found for the subtractive category, t(40) = 2.33, p < .05, which can indicate a trend of possible failure in the preparatory function of CT, and in the hetero-referral function, t(40) = 1.97, p < .05, indicating a difficulty in thinking of different forms of action in the future. The removal of negative events may indicate that these experiences are not beneficial to people’s survival. These results may indicate some tendencies about how people in depressive states think about past events.
Directionality of substrate translocation of the hemolysin A Type I secretion system
Authors: Lenders Michael H. H. , Weidtkamp-Peters Stefanie , Kleinschrodt Diana , Jaeger Karl-Erich , Smits Sander H. J. , Schmitt Lutz 
Published: July 2015

AbstractType 1 secretion systems (T1SS) of Gram-negative bacteria are responsible for the secretion of various proteases, lipases, S-layer proteins or toxins into the extracellular space. The paradigm of these systems is the hemolysin A (HlyA) T1SS of Escherichia coli. This multiple membrane protein complex is able to secrete the toxin HlyA in one step across both E. coli membranes. Common to all secreted T1SS substrates is a C-terminal secretion sequence being necessary as well as sufficient for secretion. However, it is not known whether transport occurs directionally, i.e. the N- or the C-terminus of T1SS substrates is secreted first. We have addressed this question by constructing HlyA fusions with the rapidly folding eGFP resulting in a stalled T1SS. Differential labeling and subsequent fluorescence microscopic detection of C- and N-terminal parts of the fusions allowed us to demonstrate vectorial transport of HlyA through the T1SS with the C-terminus appearing first outside the bacterial cells.
Classification of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in South‐eastern Europe: review of 632 cases from the international non‐Hodgkin lymphoma classification project
Authors: Dotlic Snjezana , Perry Anamarija M. , Petrusevska Gordana , Fetica Bogdan , Diebold Jacques , MacLennan Kenneth A. , Müller‐Hermelink Hans K. , Nathwani Bharat N. , Boilesen Eugene , Bast Martin , Armitage James O. , Weisenburger Dennis D. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe distribution of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes varies around the world, but a systematic study of South‐eastern Europe (SEEU) has never been done. Therefore, we evaluated the relative frequencies of NHL subtypes in three SEEU countries – Croatia, Romania and Macedonia. Five expert haematopathologists reviewed 632 consecutive cases of newly diagnosed NHL from the three SEEU countries using the World Health Organization classification. The results were compared to 399 cases from North America (NA) and 580 cases from Western Europe (WEU). The proportions of B‐ and T‐cell NHL and the sex distribution in SEEU were similar to WEU and NA. However, the median ages of patients with low‐ and high‐grade B‐NHL in SEEU (60 and 59 years, respectively) were significantly lower than in NA (64 and 68 years, respectively; P < 0·05). SEEU had a significantly lower proportion of low‐grade B‐NHL (46·6%) and higher proportion of high‐grade B‐NHL (44·5%) compared to both WEU (54·5% and 36·4%, respectively) and NA (56·1% and 34·3%, respectively). There were no significant differences in the relative frequencies of T‐NHL subtypes. This study provides new insights into differences in the relative frequencies of NHL subtypes in different geographic regions. Epidemiological studies are needed to better characterize and explain these differences.
Improved Half Vector Space Light Transport
Authors: Hanika Johannes , Kaplanyan Anton , Dachsbacher Carsten 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we present improvements to half vector space light transport (HSLT) [KHD14], which make this approach more practical, robust for difficult input geometry, and faster. Our first contribution is the computation of half vector space ray differentials in a different domain than the original work. This enables a more uniform stratification over the image plane during Markov chain exploration. Furthermore, we introduce a new multi chain perturbation in half vector space, which, if combined appropriately with half vector perturbation, makes the mutation strategy both more robust to geometric configurations with fine displacements and faster due to reduced number of ray casts. We provide and analyze the results of improved HSLT and discuss possible applications of our new half vector ray differentials.