bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silurian craniide brachiopods from Gotland
Authors: Holmer Lars E. , Popov Leonid , Bassett Michael G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSeven craniide brachiopod genera are described from the Silurian (Wenlock–Ludlow) of Gotland, including one new genus and five new species. The new genus and species Thulecrania septicostata is unique among Silurian craniides as it possesses solid spines. The new species Lepidocrania multilamellosa is the first Silurian record of this poorly known Permian genus. The problematic North American Propatella Grubbs, , was originally described as a gastropod, but the new species Propatella palmaria from Gotland shows that it is a craniide with sutured hollow spines of a type not previously recorded from Silurian craniides. The dorsal valves of the new species Valdiviathyris? bicornis are remarkably similar to those of the type species and represent the first possible Palaeozoic record of this poorly known extant craniide. This first systematic study of craniide brachiopods from the Silurian of Gotland shows that the diversity is relatively high as compared to other known Silurian craniide faunas, but a more thorough comparison is not possible due to the lack of data from most parts of the world. The new data from Gotland support the view that the craniides were not affected by the end‐Ordovician extinction.
Sexual hybridization between Capsella bursa‐pastoris (L.) Medik (♀) and Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (♂) (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Martin Sara L. , Sauder Connie A. , James Tracey , Cheung Kyle W. , Razeq Fakhria M. , Kron Paul , Hall Linda 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe development of transgenic oilseed Camelina sativa (2n = 40) and the potential for hybridization with its weedy relative Capsella bursa‐pastoris (2n = 36) necessitates a careful evaluation of the reproductive compatibility between the species. Here, we conducted over 1800 crosses (emasculation and manual pollination) to examine the ability of 10 Canadian C. bursa‐pastoris (♀) accessions to hybridize with five accessions of C. sativa (♂). Seven hybrids were confirmed among 586 putative hybrids screened with species‐specific markers, indicating a hybridization rate of 1.5 hybrids per 10 000 ovules pollinated. All seven hybrids had intermediate DNA content compared to their parents, were morphologically distinct, had low (1.9%) pollen fertility and failed to produce selfed or backcrossed seed. Given the abundance of C. bursa‐pastoris along field margins, hybrids will likely be generated in the wild, but they will be unable to establish lineages unless fertility is restored. The large number of crosses and the diversity captured by the use of multiple accessions resulted in strong statistical power and a high degree of confidence in the estimated hybridization rate.
Risperidone long‐acting injection and 1‐year rehospitalization rate of schizophrenia patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chan Hsue‐Wei , Huang Chin‐Yu , Feng Wen‐Jui , Yen Yung‐Chieh 
Published: March 2015

AimsWe wanted to present a picture of patients with schizophrenia receiving risperidone long‐acting injection (RLAI) treatment in a real‐world setting.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study; 379 patients with schizophrenia were enrolled and treated with different kinds of antipsychotic agents at E‐Da Hospital, and received a 12‐month follow up. The patients were distributed into three groups: the all‐oral antipsychotic, oral risperidone and RLAI groups. The antipsychotic agents and dosages they used were recorded. The rate of rehospitalization, length of hospital stay, emergency room visits and medical expenditures were assessed.ResultsThe RLAI group had a significantly higher rate of hospitalization before enrolment (the all‐oral antipsychotic group was 32.1%, the oral risperidone group, 35.9%, and the RLAI group, 88.4%, P < 0.0001). After a 1‐year follow up, all three groups were similar in rehospitalization rates (the all‐oral antipsychotic group was 28.9%, the oral risperidone group, 30.1%, and the RLAI group, 30.2%, P > 0.999), length of hospital stay and number of emergency room visits during follow up. The most commonly used oral antipsychotics were risperidone (0.5–7 mg/day), quetiapine (65–1200 mg/day), and olanzapine (2–25 mg/day).ConclusionsUsing RLAI reduces the severity of disease in more difficult patients.
Palmoplantar Hyperkeratosis: A Rare Cutaneous Manifestation of Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Authors: Smith Vanessa M. , Leone Valentina , Clark Sheila 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe report the case of a 12‐year‐old girl with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). She had a 12‐month history of palmoplantar hyperkeratosis that was initially treated as eczema. We wish to alert clinicians to this rare cutaneous manifestation of JDM.
Immune Dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X‐Linked Syndrome Associated with Neonatal Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita
Authors: Bis Sabina , Maguiness Sheilagh M. , Gellis Stephen E. , Schneider Lynda C. , Lee Pui Y. , Notarangelo Luigi D. , Keles Sevgi , Chatila Talal A. , Schmidt Birgitta A. , Miller Daniel D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe report the case of a 2‐week‐old boy who presented with a vesiculopustular, bullous eruption in the setting of autoimmune enteropathy, hypothyroidism, membranous nephropathy, Coombs‐positive hemolytic anemia, and persistent eosinophilia. Immunologic testing revealed a deficiency of FOXP3‐expressing regulatory T cells, and a diagnosis of immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X‐linked syndrome was made. Histologic analysis, immunofluorescence, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay confirmed the bullous eruption as epidermolysis bullosa acquisita with associated collagen VII autoantibody production. The skin lesions responded to systemic immunosuppressant therapy and have regressed after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
Successful Topical Rapamycin Treatment for Facial Angiofibromata in Two Children
Authors: Pynn Emma V. , Collins Jemma , Hunasehally Prasad R. Y. , Hughes Jenny 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTopical sirolimus, or rapamycin, is known to inhibit tumorigenesis in tuberous sclerosis. We report two cases of successful treatment of children with facial angiofibromata and summarize the encouraging evidence of the effectiveness of this therapy in the literature.
Camptodactyly and Knuckle Pads Coexisting in an Adolescent Boy: Connection or Coincidence?
Authors: Corbo Michael D. , Weinstein Miriam 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCamptodactyly is a condition characterized by a nontraumatic, fixed flexion contracture at the proximal interphalangeal joint, typically involving the fifth finger. Most occurrences are sporadic, but autosomal dominant transmission and syndromic associations have been described in the literature. We describe the case of an adolescent boy who presented to our clinic with a 2‐year history of bilateral, nonsyndromic camptodactyly and knuckle pads.
Coxsackie Eruption Arising in Areas of Epidermolytic Ichthyosis
Authors: Lewis Suzanna , Rico Tace 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCoxsackie eruptions concentrated in areas of atopic dermatitis, a phenomenon termed “eczema coxsackium,” has been well described in the literature but, to our knowledge, the concentration of coxsackie viral lesions to areas of ichthyosis has not been reported. This case describes a rare presentation of coxsackie viral lesions concentrated in areas of epidermolytic ichthyosis in a 3‐year‐old boy.
Effects of Enhanced UV‐B Radiation on Biochemical Traits in Postharvest Flowers of Medicinal Chrysanthemum
Authors: Si Chao , Yao Xiao‐Qin , He Xue‐Li , Chu Jian‐Zhou , Ma Chun‐Hui , Shi Xiao‐Fei 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article reported UV‐B radiation effects on biochemical traits in postharvest flowers of chrysanthemum. The experiment included six levels of UV‐B radiation (UV0, 0 μW cm−2; UV50, 50 μW cm−2; UV200, 200 μW cm−2; UV400, 400 μW cm−2; UV600, 600 μW cm−2 and UV800, 800 μW cm−2). Enhanced UV‐B radiation significantly increased hydrogen peroxide content (except for UV50), but did not evidently affect malondialdehyde content in flowers. Chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content were significantly increased by UV600 and UV800. UV400 and UV600 significantly increased anthocyanins, carotenoids and UV‐B absorbing compounds content, and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and cinnamic acid‐4‐hydroxylase (C4H) over the control. 4‐coumarate CoA ligase (4CL) activity was significantly decreased by enhanced UV‐B radiation (except for UV50). The relationships between UV‐B radiation intensities and the activities of secondary metabolism enzymes were best described by a second‐order polynomial. The R2 values for UV‐B radiation intensities and the activities of PAL, C4H and 4CL were 0.8361, 0.5437 and 0.8025, respectively. The results indicated that enhanced UV‐B radiation could promote secondary metabolism processes in postharvest flowers, which might be beneficial for the accumulation of medically active ingredients in medicinal plants. The optimal UV‐B radiation intensities in the study were between UV400‐UV600.
The Usefulness of Captive Kept Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallusL.) as the Semen Donors for Artificial Insemination and Gene Pool PreservationIn vitro
Authors: Łukaszewicz ET , Kowalczyk AM 
Published: March 2015

ContentsCaptive breeding of birds threatened by extinction in zoological gardens or other closed aviary centres is one of the methods allowing their protection and gene pool preservationex situ in vivo. Such birds are usually kept in captivity lifelong and serve as parents of several new generations that can be further released into natural environment, or males are used as semen donors for artificial insemination and gene banking. Therefore, the fecundity of such flocks (number of laid egg and spermatozoa quantity and quality) is very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of captive kept capercaillie (Tetrao urogallusL.) as semen donors in three subsequent reproductive seasons, based on the assessment of manually collected semen quality. Male response to dorso‐abdominal massage, ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, motility and morphology were evaluated individually at three succeeding years. Depending on individual male properties and year of collection, the number of positive reactions to semen collection attempts (i.e. ending with ejaculation) varied from 44.4% to 100.0%; single ejaculate volume ranged from 10 to 300 μl, spermatozoa concentration from 10 × 106per ml to 3520 × 106per ml and percentage of live morphologically normal spermatozoa from 19.3 to 80.3%. The highest average value (66.7) of semen quality factor (SQF) was noted for a 2‐year‐old male (varying from 1.9 to 258.1), while the lowest for ten‐ (4.8; varying from 0.1 to 17.0) and 7‐year‐old (6.6; varying between 0.6 and 13.6). Assuming that forAIpurposes, the ejaculate quality has to be at minimum 10SQF, obtained results indicate that majority of capercaillie kept in captivity, both young (2–3 years old) and older (up to 10 years old), can be valuable semen producers in succeeding seasons.
Expression of Heparin‐Binding EGF‐Like Growth Factor (HB‐EGF) in Bovine Endometrium: Effects of HB‐EGF and Interferon‐τ on Prostaglandin Production
Authors: Takatsu K , Acosta TJ 
Published: March 2015

ContentsHeparin‐binding EGF‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF) regulates several cell functions by binding to its membrane receptor (ErbB1 and ErbB4). Experimental evidences suggest that HB‐EGF, prostaglandins (PGs) and interferon‐τ (IFN‐τ) regulate uterine function for pregnancy establishment in ruminants. In this study, the mRNA expressions of HB‐EGF, ErbB1 and ErbB4 in bovine endometrium and the effects of HB‐EGF and IFN‐τ on PGE2 and PGF2‐α production by endometrial cells were investigated. RT‐PCR analysis revealed that HB‐EGF mRNA was greater at the mid‐luteal stage than at the early and regressed luteal stages (p < 0.05). ErbB1 mRNA expression was greater at the mid‐ and late luteal stages than at the other luteal stages (p < 0.05). IFN‐τ increased the expression of HB‐EGF, ErbB1 and ErbB4 mRNA in epithelial cells (p < 0.05). HB‐EGF did not affect PGF2‐α or PGE2 production by bovine endometrial epithelial cells, but increased PGF2‐α and PGE2 production by bovine endometrial stromal cells (p < 0.05). IFN‐τ significantly decreased HB‐EGF‐stimulated PGF2‐α (p < 0.05), but not PGE2 (p > 0.05) production by stromal cells. These results indicate that HB‐EGF and its receptors expression changed in bovine endometrium throughout the oestrous cycle. IFN‐τ increased their expression in cultured endometrial cells. HB‐EGF and IFN‐τ have the ability to regulate PGs production by stromal cells and therefore may play a role in the local regulation of uterine function at the time of implantation in cattle.
A Joint Model of Persistent Human Papilloma Virus Infection and Cervical Cancer Risk: Implications for Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Katki Hormuzd A. , Cheung Li C. , Fetterman Barbara , Castle Philip E. , Sundaram Rajeshwari 
Published: March 2015

SummaryNew cervical cancer screening guidelines in the USA and many European countries recommend that women are tested for human papilloma virus (HPV). To inform decisions about screening intervals, we calculate the increase in precancer or cancer risk per year of continued HPV infection. However, both time to onset of precancer or cancer and time to HPV clearance are interval censored, and onset of precancer or cancer strongly informatively censors HPV clearance. We analyse these bivariate informatively interval-censored data by developing a novel joint model for time to clearance of HPV and time to precancer or cancer by using shared random effects, where the estimated mean duration of each woman's HPV infection is a covariate in the submodel for time to precancer or cancer. The model was fitted to data on 9553 HPV positive and negative women undergoing cervical cancer screening at Kaiser Permanente Northern California: data that were pivotal to the development of US screening guidelines. We compare the implications for screening intervals of this joint model with those from population-average marginal models of precancer or cancer risk. In particular, after 2 years the marginal population-average precancer or cancer risk was 5%, suggesting a 2-year interval to control population-average risk at 5%. In contrast, the joint model reveals that almost all women exceeding 5% individual risk in 2 years also exceeded 5% in 1 year, suggesting that a 1-year interval is better to control individual risk at 5%. The example suggests that sophisticated risk models that can predict individual risk may have implications that are different from those of population-average risk models that are currently used for informing medical guideline development.
Do Parenting and Family Characteristics Moderate the Relation between Peer Victimization and Antisocial Behavior? A 5‐year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Yang Grace S. , McLoyd Vonnie C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPast research has demonstrated that relationships with peers and parents play salient roles in various child outcomes. However, little research has examined the confluence of these two factors in the context of peer victimization. In particular, little is known about which family and parental factors mitigate or intensify the impact of adverse peer relations. The current study bridged this gap by testing whether maternal support and family conflict moderated the association between peer victimization and antisocial behavior. Moderation effects were found for girls but not boys. Cross‐lagged path analyses of nationally representative longitudinal data (N = 1046; 53 percent boys; Time 1: Mage = 10.7) showed that, among girls, higher levels of maternal warmth and mother–child communication significantly attenuated the link between early peer victimization and later antisocial outcomes. By contrast, greater family conflict significantly increased antisocial outcomes among girls who experienced peer victimization. For boys, early peer victimization significantly predicted antisocial outcomes, regardless of parenting and family factors. All findings remained significant even after controlling for preexisting antisocial tendencies and demographic factors, as well as for the stability of victimization in the model.
Co‐producing Approaches to the Management of Dementia through Social Prescribing
Authors: Baker Keith , Irving Adele 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA promising approach to the management of dementia is ‘social prescribing’. Social prescribing is a form of ‘co‐production’ that involves linking patients with non‐clinical activities, typically delivered by voluntary and community groups, in an effort to improve their sense of well‐being. The success of social prescribing depends upon the ability of boundary‐spanning individuals within service delivery organizations to develop referral pathways and collaborative relationships through ‘networks’. This article examines the operation of a pilot social prescribing programme in the North East of England, targeted at older people with early onset dementia and depression, at risk of social isolation. It is argued that the scheme was not sustained, in part, because the institutional logics that governed the actions of key boundary‐spanning individuals militated against the collaboration necessary to support co‐production.
Pneumococcal carriage in rural Gambia prior to the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: a population‐based survey
Authors: Usuf Effua , Badji Henry , Bojang Abdoulie , Jarju Sheikh , Ikumapayi Usman Nurudeen , Antonio Martin , Mackenzie Grant , Bottomley Christian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate pneumococcal colonisation before and after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in eastern Gambia.MethodsPopulation‐based cross‐sectional survey of pneumococcal carriage between May and August 2009 before the introduction of PCV into the Expanded Program on Immunization. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from all household members, but in selected households, only children aged 6–10 years were swabbed. This age group participated in an earlier trial of a nine‐valent PCV between 2000 and 2004.ResultsThe prevalence of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage in 2933 individuals was 72.0% in underfives (N = 515), 41.6% in children aged 5–17 (N = 1508) and 13.0% in adults ≥18 (N = 910) years. The age‐specific prevalence of serotypes included in PCV7, PCV10 and PCV13 was 24.7%, 26.6% and 46.8% among children <5 years of age; 8.5%, 9.2% and 17.7% among children 5–17 years; and 2.5%, 3.3% and 5.5% among adults ≥18 years. The most common serotypes were 6A (13.1%), 23F (7.6%), 3 (7.3%), 19F (7.1%) and 34 (4.6%). There was no difference in the overall carriage of pneumococci between vaccinated and unvaccinated children 8 years after the primary vaccination with three doses of PCV (48.3% vs. 41.1%).ConclusionBefore the introduction of PCV, serotypes included in PCV13 accounted for about half the pneumococcal serotypes in nasopharyngeal carriage. Thus, the potential impact of PCV13 on pneumococcal disease in the Gambia is substantial.
Implementation of a novel real‐time platelet inventory management system at a multi‐site transfusion service
Authors: Gomez Alwyn Titus , Quinn Jason George , Doiron Donald Joseph , Watson Stephanie , Crocker Bryan David , Cheng Calvino Ka‐Wing 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDBlood platelets (PLTs) are a valuable commodity. Management of their inventory has implications both for patient care and for the cost of health care delivery. There are a variety of different methods of managing PLT inventory currently in practice and multiple theoretical models aimed at improving PLT inventory metrics. In this study we evaluate the ability of a novel electronic dashboard system that monitors and displays both PLT inventory and patient data to improve transfusion metrics at a quaternary health care center.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe Capital District Health Authority is a quaternary health care center that transfuses approximately 2500 PLT units annually. To improve PLT discard rates a novel, low‐overhead system that interfaces with the laboratory information system and displays real‐time data between transfusion sites on PLT inventory and orders was implemented in November 2011. This study examines the transfusion quality metrics data from the 24 months before and after implementation.RESULTSA significant reduction in mean monthly PLT outdate rate was observed after the implementation of the PLT dashboard suite from 24.5% (n = 24, SD ± 6.4%) to 15.1% (n = 24, SD ± 6.4%; p < 0.001). PLT age at time of transfusion was also reduced from 3.60 days (n = 4796, SD ± 0.97 days) to 3.46 days (n = 4881, SD ± 1.00 days; p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSThis study describes the implementation of a novel PLT dashboard suite. This suite significantly reduced PLT outdate rates at our institution over the 48‐month study period.
Prospective, Randomized Comparison of the Effect of Two Antimicrobial Regimes on Surgical Site Infection Rate in Dogs Undergoing Orthopedic Implant Surgery
Authors: Aiken Miranda J. , Hughes Thomas K. , Abercromby Ralph H. , Holmes Mark A. , Anderson Angus A. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesTo determine whether extending prophylactic antimicrobial administration into the postoperative period would decrease the surgical site infection (SSI) rate in clean canine orthopedic surgery associated with a metal implant.Study DesignRandomized prospective clinical study.Sample PopulationConsecutive procedures (n = 400) on dogs that had clean orthopedic surgery using a metal implant.MethodsCases were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 groups. Group 1 was only administered perioperative antimicrobial drugs whereas group 2 was administered perioperative and 5 days of postoperative antimicrobial therapy. Owners were questioned or dogs were examined at 2 and 6 weeks after surgery to identify any SSI. Long term follow‐up by questionnaire of the referring veterinary surgeon ≥1 year after surgery was obtained.ResultsTen of 191 dogs (5.24%) in group 1 developed SSI within 6 weeks compared with 7 of 198 (3.54%) in group 2; 7.22% of dogs in group 1 and 8.24% in group 2 developed infections more than 6 weeks after surgery.ConclusionsSSI rates in this population of dogs were similar where antimicrobial prophylaxis was administered perioperatively over 3 hours or as a course continued for 6 days.