bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitization of ethanol‐induced place preference as a result of up‐regulation of type 1 inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptors in mouse nucleus accumbens
Authors: Kurokawa Kazuhiro , Mizuno Koji , Ohkuma Seitaro 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis study involved mice that received 4 days of ethanol (EtOH) vapor inhalation and then were assessed for type 1 inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor (IP3Rs‐1) expression and the development of EtOH‐induced place preference at various time points in withdrawal. IP3R‐1 protein was found to be significantly increased in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of mice immediately after 4‐day EtOH vapor inhalation, while it significantly reduced to the control level during the next 3 days of withdrawal from EtOH inhalation. EtOH (2 g/kg, i.p.)‐induced place preference after 3 days of withdrawal from EtOH vapor inhalation increased dose dependently for 4 days, which was significantly inhibited by 2‐aminophenoxyethane‐borate, an antagonist for IP3Rs. EtOH conditioning significantly increased, compared to alcohol‐naïve control mice, both IP3R‐1 protein and the release of dopamine in the NAcc of mice after 3 days of withdrawal from EtOH vapor inhaled for 4 days, and this increase of IP3R‐1 protein was completely abolished by intracerebroventricular injection of FK506, an inhibitor for calcineurin. These results indicate that the sensitization of EtOH‐induced place preference is due to up‐regulated IP3R‐1 via calcineurin‐mediated pathway after enhanced release of dopamine in the NAcc on EtOH administration during EtOH conditioning.
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We revealed signal transduction pathways that may promote sensitization of ethanol (EtOH)‐induced place preference. EtOH facilitated the release of dopamine (DA) in the Nucleus accumbens (NAcc), enhancing calcineurin function via dopamine D1‐like and D2‐like receptor activation, which in turn resulted in increased NFATc4 expression. Increase in NFATc4 may further facilitate transcription factor binding to IP3R‐1 promoter domain to stimulate IP3R‐1 synthesis. Such increased IP3R‐1 elevates intracellular Ca2+ concentration via facilitated mobilization of Ca2+ from the intracellular Ca2+ stores to the cytosol.
Adenosine transiently modulates stimulated dopamine release in the caudate–putamen via A1 receptors
Authors: Ross Ashley E. , Venton B. Jill 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAdenosine modulates dopamine in the brain via A1 and A2A receptors, but that modulation has only been characterized on a slow time scale. Recent studies have characterized a rapid signaling mode of adenosine that suggests a possible rapid modulatory role. Here, fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry was used to characterize the extent to which transient adenosine changes modulate stimulated dopamine release (5 pulses at 60 Hz) in rat caudate–putamen brain slices. Exogenous adenosine was applied and dopamine concentration monitored. Adenosine only modulated dopamine when it was applied 2 or 5 s before stimulation. Longer time intervals and bath application of 5 μM adenosine did not decrease dopamine release. Mechanical stimulation of endogenous adenosine 2 s before dopamine stimulation also decreased stimulated dopamine release by 41 ± 7%, similar to the 54 ± 6% decrease in dopamine after exogenous adenosine application. Dopamine inhibition by transient adenosine was recovered within 10 min. The A1 receptor antagonist 8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropylxanthine blocked the dopamine modulation, whereas dopamine modulation was unaffected by the A2A receptor antagonist SCH 442416. Thus, transient adenosine changes can transiently modulate phasic dopamine release via A1 receptors. These data demonstrate that adenosine has a rapid, but transient, modulatory role in the brain.
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Here, transient adenosine was shown to modulate phasic dopamine release on the order of seconds by acting at the A1 receptor. However, sustained increases in adenosine did not regulate phasic dopamine release. This study demonstrates for the first time a transient, neuromodulatory function of rapid adenosine to regulate rapid neurotransmitter release.
Evaluation of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity in saliva and serum of oral submucous fibrosis patients
Authors: Sivaramakrishnan M. , Sivapathasundharam B. , Jananni M. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundOf all oral precancerous conditions, Oral Submucous Fibrosis is of greater concern because of its disabling nature and relative greater chances of malignant transformation. This malignant transformation involves glycolytic pathways that can alter lactate dehydrogenase levels. Therefore the aim of this study was to estimate the LDH levels in saliva and serum of subjects with OSMF and to compare them with healthy controls and to correlate the relationship between pathogenesis of OSMF and the LDH enzyme.MethodsSixty Subjects were recruited for this study and divided into two groups, 30 subjects with OSMF (Group A) and 30 healthy controls (Group B). Venous blood and unstimulated whole saliva measuring 1 ml was collected from each of these evaluated for LDH levels using the standard kit method. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software version 17.ResultsThe average salivary LDH value for Group A was 606.83 ± 60.09 U/l and for Group B was 80.73 ± 20.06 U/l. salivary LDH was greater in group A than Group B and this was statistically significant. On comparing the serum and salivary LDH in Group A with the clinical staging of OSMF, the results were not statistically significant. Similarly no statistically significant relationship was found on comparing the serum and salivary LDH in Group A (OSMF subjects) with duration of habit.ConclusionThis study provides additional rationale for the role of salivary LDH in the early diagnosis and prognosis of oral submucous fibrosis.
Clinical Marginal and Internal Fit of Crowns Fabricated Using Different CAD/CAM Technologies
Authors: Huang Zhuoli , Zhang Lu , Zhu Jingwei , Zhao Yiwei , Zhang Xiuyin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aims of this in vivo investigation were to compare the marginal and internal fit of single‐unit crowns fabricated using a selective laser melting (SLM) procedure with two CAD/CAM grinding procedures, and to evaluate the influence of tooth type on the parameters measured.Materials and MethodsA total of 270 crowns were evaluated, including 90 SLM metal‐ceramic crowns (group B), 90 zirconium‐oxide‐based ceramic crowns (group L), and 90 lithium disilicate ceramic crowns (group C). The marginal and internal gaps of the crowns were recorded using a replica technique with a silicone indicator paste stabilized with a light‐body silicone. The gap replica specimen were sectioned buccolingually and mesiodistally and then examined using a stereomicroscope at 30× magnification. Ten reference points were measured on each anterior and premolar specimen, and 20 reference points were measured on each molar specimen. Two‐way ANOVA was performed to identify the significant differences between the groups.ResultsThe mean marginal fit of group B was significantly better than those of group C and group L (p < 0.005), but a significant difference was not found between group C and group L (p > 0.05). The mean axial gap of group B was significantly smaller than those of group C and group L (p < 0.01), while group C was not different from group L (p > 0.05). The mean occlusal gap of group B was significantly higher than those of group C and group L (p < 0.05), and no difference was found between group C and group L (p > 0.05). The marginal and internal gaps of crowns varying according to tooth type were not significantly different (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe SLM system demonstrated better marginal and internal fit compared to the two CAD/CAM grinding systems examined. Tooth type did not significantly influence the marginal or internal fit.
Surface Coating of Gypsum‐Based Molds for Maxillofacial Prosthetic Silicone Elastomeric Material: The Surface Topography
Authors: Khalaf Salah , Ariffin Zaihan , Husein Adam , Reza Fazal 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to compare the surface roughness of maxillofacial silicone elastomers fabricated in noncoated and coated gypsum materials. This study was also conducted to characterize the silicone elastomer specimens after surfaces were modified.Materials and MethodsA gypsum mold was coated with clear acrylic spray. The coated mold was then used to produce modified silicone experimental specimens (n = 35). The surface roughness of the modified silicone elastomers was compared with that of the control specimens, which were prepared by conventional flasking methods (n = 35). An atomic force microscope (AFM) was used for surface roughness measurement of silicone elastomer (unmodified and modified), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the topographic conditions of coated and noncoated gypsum and silicone elastomer specimens (unmodified and modified) groups. After the gypsum molds were characterized, the fabricated silicone elastomers molded on noncoated and coated gypsum materials were evaluated further. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis of gypsum materials (noncoated and coated) and silicone elastomer specimens (unmodified and modified) was performed to evaluate the elemental changes after coating was conducted. Independent t test was used to analyze the differences in the surface roughness of unmodified and modified silicone at a significance level of p < 0.05.ResultsRoughness was significantly reduced in the silicone elastomers processed against coated gypsum materials (p < 0.001). The AFM and SEM analysis results showed evident differences in surface smoothness. EDX data further revealed the presence of the desired chemical components on the surface layer of unmodified and modified silicone elastomers.ConclusionsSilicone elastomers with lower surface roughness of maxillofacial prostheses can be obtained simply by coating a gypsum mold.
Detection of Radiolucencies around Endodontically Treated Teeth on Routine CT Scans
Authors: Goldstein Gary R. , Iyer Shanker , Doan Phuong D. , Scibetta Sandra 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeThis retrospective study compared computed tomography (CT) imaging to routine dental periapical radiographs in diagnosing radiolucencies around endodontically treated teeth.Materials and MethodsOf the 244 CT scans evaluated, 104 had no teeth on the scan. On the remaining 140 scans, 353 teeth fell into the following categories: 59 maxillary molars, 30 mandibular molars, 66 maxillary premolars, 56 mandibular premolars, and 141 anterior teeth. Positive and negative predictive values were calculated, as were sensitivity, specificity, and prevalence assuming the CT scan was the test standard.ResultsFor the total tooth population periapical radiograph – CT slice sensitivity was 52, specificity was 90, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 97, the negative predictive value (NPV) was 25, and the prevalence 85.ConclusionIn the population studied, the CT scan had a greater ability to show radiolucencies that were not evident on periapical radiographs.
Identification and Analysis of Powdery Mildew‐Responsive miRNAs in Wheat
Authors: Wu Fangli , Guo Qingli , Zhang Wei , Jin Weibo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is one of the most consistently damaging diseases of common wheat worldwide and greatly affects crop productivity. Recently, several plant microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as gene expression regulators related to various adverse environments. However, up to now, less is known on the roles of miRNAs in powdery mildew infection response of wheat. In this study, miRNA expression patterns were investigated for identifying Bgt‐responsive miRNAs in wheat leaves using a plant miRNA microarray platform. A total of 79 miRNAs from 24 families were detected in wheat leaves. Among those, seven miRNAs were further validated to be involved in wheat powdery mildew response and two of them have never been reported. In addition, their target expression profiles showed a negative correlation with that of the seven miRNAs in mock‐ and Bgt‐infected samples furtherly proved, which in turn as the robust evidence, that those seven powdery mildew‐responsive miRNAs are highly reliable. These findings could extend the current view about miRNAs as ubiquitous regulators under stress conditions.
Subjective–objective sleep discrepancy among older adults: associations with insomnia diagnosis and insomnia treatment
Authors: Kay Daniel B. , Buysse Daniel J. , Germain Anne , Hall Martica , Monk Timothy H. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryDiscrepancy between subjective and objective measures of sleep is associated with insomnia and increasing age. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia improves sleep quality and decreases subjective–objective sleep discrepancy. This study describes differences between older adults with insomnia and controls in sleep discrepancy, and tests the hypothesis that reduced sleep discrepancy following cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia correlates with the magnitude of symptom improvement reported by older adults with insomnia. Participants were 63 adults >60 years of age with insomnia, and 51 controls. At baseline, participants completed sleep diaries for 7 days while wearing wrist actigraphs. After receiving cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, insomnia patients repeated this sleep assessment. Sleep discrepancy variables were calculated by subtracting actigraphic sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset from respective self‐reported estimates, pre‐ and post‐treatment. Mean level and night‐to‐night variability in sleep discrepancy were investigated. Baseline sleep discrepancies were compared between groups. Pre–post‐treatment changes in Insomnia Severity Index score and sleep discrepancy variables were investigated within older adults with insomnia. Sleep discrepancy was significantly greater and more variable across nights in older adults with insomnia than controls, P ≤ 0.001 for all. Treatment with cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia was associated with significant reduction in the Insomnia Severity Index score that correlated with changes in mean level and night‐to‐night variability in wake after sleep onset discrepancy, P < 0.001 for all. Study of sleep discrepancy patterns may guide more targeted treatments for late‐life insomnia.
The trajectories of sleep disturbances in Rett syndrome
Authors: Wong Kingsley , Leonard Helen , Jacoby Peter , Ellaway Carolyn , Downs Jenny 
Published: September 2014

SummaryRett syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder usually affecting females, and is associated with a mutation in the MECP2 gene. Sleep problems occur commonly and we investigated the trajectories and influences of age, mutation and treatments. Data were collected at six time points over 12 years from 320 families registered with the Australian Rett Syndrome Database. Regression analysis was used to investigate relationships between sleep disturbances, age, mutation type and use of treatment, and latent class growth analysis was performed to identify sleep problem phenotypes and model the effect of mutation type. The age range of subjects was 2.0–35.8 years. The study showed that sleep problems occurred in more than 80% of individuals and the prevalence decreased with age. Night laughing and night screaming occurred in 77 and 49%, respectively, when younger. Those with a large deletion had a higher prevalence of night laughing, which often occurred frequently. Treatment was associated with a 1.7% reduction in risk of further sleep problems. High and low baseline prevalence groups were identified. Approximately three‐quarters of girls and women with sleep disturbances were in the high baseline group and problems persisted into adulthood. Conversely, 57% with night laughing and 42% with night screaming in the high baseline group exhibited mild improvement over time. Mutation type was not found to be a significant predictor of group membership. In conclusion, the evolution of sleep problems differed between subgroups of girls and women with Rett syndrome, in part explained by age and genotype. Treatment was not associated with improvement in sleep problems.
Using Critical Realism to Explain Indeterminacy in Role Behaviour Systematically
Authors: Luke Darcy , Bates Stephen 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe demonstrate in this article how critical realism can be used to explain indeterminacy in role behaviour systematically. In so doing, we both rebut various criticisms of critical realism made recently by Kemp and Holmwood and attempt to illustrate the weaknesses and absences of approaches that concentrate unduly on the collection of expectations of (different groups of) actors concerning roles and the behaviour of incumbents. Within a framework that recognises that structure and agency are ontologically distinct but necessarily empirically related entities, we argue that structures should be seen as sources of indeterminacy within role behaviour for at least four reasons: the co‐determination of roles through the intersection of structures; conflicting role expectations caused by contradictions inhering within structures; asymmetries of power within social relations; and asymmetric repetition within structural reproduction/transformation. In light of this discussion of structural sources of indeterminacy, we then go on to demonstrate how critical realism is also able to analyse systematically the agential sources of indeterminacy within role behaviour and expectations through theories of psychobiography and reflexivity. We thus conclude that critical realism contains the conceptual tools required to illuminate the point(s) of intersection between structure, culture and agency which is central to understanding both role behaviour and the plurality of expectations concerning such behaviour.
Hepatitis B reactivation during cancer chemotherapy: an international survey of the membership of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
Authors: Hwang J. P. , Barbo A. G. , Perrillo R. P. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryHepatitis B virus reactivation (HBVr) can be a serious complication of cancer chemotherapy. However, underutilization of HBV screening and secondary underutilization of antiviral prophylaxis have been frequently reported. The authors electronically distributed a 30‐point questionnaire to members of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases to capture experiences with HBVr during cancer chemotherapy. The questionnaire specified diagnostic criteria and collected information on HBV screening, antiviral prophylaxis and clinical outcomes. Ninety‐nine respondents reported 188 patients who met the criteria for HBV reactivation. Forty‐one practised outside the United States, and most were hepatologists (n = 71) or gastroenterologists (n = 12). One hundred and twenty‐six patients had haematologic malignancies, of which 88 (70%) had lymphoma. Seventy‐five patients (40%) had screening for both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc), and an additional 24 patients (13%) had HBsAg screening alone. Prophylactic antiviral therapy was reported in only 18 patients (10%). Chemotherapy was interrupted in 52 patients (41%) with haematologic malignancies and 26 of 41 patients (63%) with solid tumours (P = 0.01). Rituximab‐treated patients (n = 66) required hospitalization more frequently (P = 0.04), but their overall survival did not differ from individuals not treated with rituximab. Death due to liver failure was reported in 43 patients overall (23%). Underutilization of prophylactic antiviral therapy occured in a substantial number of patients who were found to be HBV infected prior to the initiation of cancer chemotherapy. The reasons for this need further exploration because reactivation results in serious yet preventable outcomes.
Cost‐effectiveness of sofosbuvir in the treatment of patients with hepatitis C
Authors: Leleu H. , Blachier M. , Rosa I. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIn France, 190 306 patients were suffering from chronic hepatitis C in 2012. These patients have a decreased life expectancy and are susceptible to complications associated with chronic hepatitis. Current treatments are poorly tolerated and their effectiveness varies depending on the genotype of the virus. Sofosbuvir, a new class of treatment, has demonstrated in five phase III trials sustained viral response (SVR) rates of over 90% across genotypes, higher than current treatments and has a tolerance profile similar to placebo. The objective was to determine the cost‐effectiveness of using sofosbuvir in the treatment of chronic HCV infection. A Markov model was used to compare treatment strategies with and without sofosbuvir. The model simulated the natural history of HCV infection. SVR rates were based on data from clinical trials. Utilities associated with different stages of disease were based on data from the literature. French direct medical costs were used. Price for sofosbuvir was the price used in the early access program for severe fibrosis stages. The incremental cost–effectiveness ratio for sofosbuvir versus current reference treatments was € 16 278/QALY and varied from 40 000 €/QALY for F0 stages to 12 080 €/QALY for F4 stages. The sensitivity analyses carried out confirmed the robustness of this result. Sofosbuvir is a cost‐effective treatment option for patients with hepatitis C.
Adaptations of the Endothelin System After Exercise Training in a Porcine Model of Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Robles Juan Carlos , Heaps Cristine L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo the test the hypothesis that exercise training would increase endothelin‐mediated vasoconstriction in collateral‐dependent arteries via enhanced contribution ofETA.MethodsAn ameroid constrictor was surgically placed around the proximalLCXartery to induce gradual occlusion in Yucatan miniature swine. Eight weeks postoperatively, pigs were randomized into sedentary or exercise‐training (treadmill; 5 days/week; 14 weeks) groups. Subsequently, arteries (~150 μm diameter) were isolated from collateral‐dependent and nonoccluded myocardial regions and studied.ResultsFollowing exercise training, ET‐1‐mediated contraction was significantly enhanced in collateral‐dependent arteries. Exercise training induced a disproportionate increase in the ETAcontribution to the ET‐1 contractile response in collateral‐dependent arteries, with negligible contributions by ETB. In collateral‐dependent arteries of sedentary pigs, inhibition of ETAor ETBdid not significantly alter ET‐1 contractile responses in collateral‐dependent arteries, suggesting compensation by the functionally active receptor. These adaptations occurred without significant changes in ETA, ETB, or ECEmRNAlevels but with significant exercise‐training‐induced elevations in endothelin levels in both nonoccluded and collateral‐dependent myocardial regionsConclusionsTaken together, these data reveal differential adaptive responses in collateral‐dependent arteries based upon physical activity level.ETAandETBappear to compensate for one another to maintain contraction in sedentary pigs, whereas exercise‐training favors enhanced contribution ofETA.