bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le risque histamine dans les produits de la pêche
Authors: Duflos Guillaume 
Published: October 2014

Histamine risk in fishery products.
Histamine poisoning is the first cause of fish-related foodborne infection in France. It is thermostable and is produced at positive temperatures in a wide variety of pelagic fish (tuna, swordfish, mackerel, sardine, herring, or anchovy) by decarboxylation of free histidine under the action of a bacterial enzyme, histidine decarboxylase (HDC). The implementation of hygiene measures helps limit bacterial contamination after fish capture, and thus reduces the risks of contamination by histidine decarboxylase producing bacteria. The cold chain also plays an essential role to reduce the production of histamine, or even inhibit it in the case of frozen fish.
Surveillance du milieu marin et protection sanitaire des coquillages
Authors: Renault Tristan 
Published: October 2014

Monitoring of marine environment and shellfish health protection.
Shellfish farming is a major economic activity in the European Union, France being one of the main producing countries. Regulations were introduced to meet society’s current expectations in terms of food safety at the fishing, farming and harvesting stages, as well as during processing and marketing. Toxic algae, pathogens or pollutants may contaminate shellfish products during production and harvesting, partly because of the particular environmental conditions in which these animals are grown. Monitoring programmes were thus developed to detect the presence of biological and chemical contaminants in coastal waters and in shellfish, and to monitor the food safety of the latter.
Une approche régionale à la biosécurité: l'exemple avicole
Authors: Vaillancourt Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2014

A regional approach to biosecurity : the poultry example.
Changes in the poultry industry over the past few decades have largely contributed to its economic success. However, they have also created conditions favourable to contagious disease outbreaks. The increase in farm size, in regional farm density, and the increase in alternative poultry productions are among risk factors that have led to the emergence and re-emergence of poultry diseases. In this current environment, on-farm biosecurity measures are not sufficient. The development of a regional approach to biosecurity is needed. This requires using tools such as geographical positioning systems and flock monitoring. But the most critical component of regional biosecurity and disease control is communication among industry members. Adequate disease prevention in high poultry density areas depends on real time exchange of information to control poultry traffic.
Evaluation des mesures de biosécurité dans les fermes avicoles au Québec par vidéosurveillance et principales erreurs commises
Authors: Racicot Manon , Vaillancourt Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2014

Evaluation of biosecurity measures based on video surveillance in poultry farms in Quebec and main failures.
Biosecurity measures are designed to prevent the introduction of infectious diseases in flocks, and reduce the consequences of an infection. However, to be effective, biosecurity measures must be applied consistently by all. Poor compliance has been reported with all types of animal production, and many reasons have been given, such as the lack of understanding of biosecurity principles. It is essential to define strategies to improve the implementation of biosecurity measures. Different approaches have been studied in human medicine, mainly in hospital settings. They include daily observations and feedback to employees, training programs, the presence of an observer, and the increased availability of hand washing stations. These strategies have been shown to work, but only for the short term. We are currently conducting a study in 24 poultry farms in Quebec to determine the impact of audits and of visible cameras on the level of biosecurity compliance. The effect of these two strategies will be determined in the short term (2 weeks) and in the medium term (six months later). The targeted biosecurity measures are those required when getting in and out of poultry barns. The compliance is evaluated using hidden cameras. People filmed during the study will then be asked to complete a questionnaire designed to assess their personality profile. The first objective of the study is to determine whether audits or visible cameras increase biosecurity compliance. The second objective is to determine whether a relationship exists between personality profiles and compliance. Preliminary results from 13 farms show that poor compliance is indeed a present-day problem.
Constitution d'un réseau de compétences dans le domaine de l'ophtalmologie vétérinaire et de la vision animale: le réseau européen d'ophtalmologie vétérinaire et de vision animale (REOVVA)
Authors: Isard Pierre-François 
Published: October 2014

Creation of a network of skills in veterinary ophthalmology and animal vision : the european network of veterinary ophthalmology and animal vision (REOVVA).
The incorporation of the European so-called «Services Directive» will bring about structural changes in the veterinary profession. The European Network of Veterinary Ophthalmology and Animal Vision (REOVVA) was created to apply the principle of health uniqueness, of man-animal mutual benefit, and to highlight the patient status of sports animals and pets. REOVVA operates like a real centre for clinical investigation, complying with the rules of quality assurance : quality charter and guide of good practice in veterinary ophthalmology, whose actors can communicate through a website. Its main objectives are to provide a geographical network of high-quality clinical services to patients seen by veterinary ophthalmologists, create a database for the phenotyping of animal ocular diseases homologous to human diseases, exchange knowledge with other European networks of veterinary ophthalmology and animal vision, and finally, help veterinary students, doctors or researchers interested in clinical or therapeutic research.
Evolution des objectifs et des méthodes de sélection des bovins laitiers
Authors: Verrier Etienne , Le Mezec Pascale , Boichard Didier , Mattalia Sophie 
Published: October 2014

Changes in dairy cattle breeding goals and selection methods.
Over the last decades, the dairy stock has undergone major changes, and the selection of dairy cattle has become an internal business. With current prospects of milk quota removal, falling prices, increasing herd sizes, changes in the farmers’ way of working and diversification of demand, the ideal cow of the future will have to demonstrate autonomy, robustness and feed efficiency, and will have to produce a rich milk whose composition meets the requirements of humans. Selection methods will change radically with the ongoing development of genomic selection. Animal identification, pedigree and performance recording will remain, but progeny testing of bulls will diminish. Resources will be pooled between research and supervision organisations, breeding companies and other operators, and there will be an increased need for training.
Etude des cellules productrices d'interféron de type I dans la lymphe drainant les muqueuses oro-nasales ou la peau chez le mouton
Authors: Charley Bernard , Pascale Florentina , Bonneau Michel , Schwartz-Cornil Isabelle 
Published: October 2014

Study of type I interferon producing cells in sheep lymph draining oro-nasal mucosae or skin tissues.
Interferons (IFN) are natural antiviralmolecules produced by cells as an early response to a viral aggression. To study the early production of IFN at primary sites of viral infections (i. e. mucosal or skin tissues), we used a novel lymphatic cannulation model in sheep, providing real-time access to lymph and lymph cells draining a mucosal or skin area. Following oronasal or cutaneous injection of an IFN inducing oligonucleotide, we were able to detect IFN early on in the lymph draining the injection site, as well as IFN-producing lymph cells migrating from the injection site to the draining lymph node. These rare cells (< 1%) share the same features as plasmacytoid dendritic cells (low density, Bneg CD11cneg CD45RBpos, expressing TLR7 and 9, and IRF7 transcripts). They play an important role in the activation of adaptive immunity, and could provide interesting targets for innovative vaccine strategies.
Nécrose du cortex cérébral des ruminants, thiamine et soufre
Authors: Jean-Blain Claude 
Published: October 2014

Polioencephalomalacia in ruminants, thiamine and sulphur.
Polioencephalomalacia (cerebrocortical necrosis or CCN) is a syndrome that affects all types of ruminants. It was at first attributed to a thiamine deficiency induced by the development of thiaminases in the digestive tract, but this etiology was later contested. Excess sulphur in the diet was established more recently as another etiology. The rumen microflora reduces these sulphur compounds into sulphides, which cause brain lesions. However, CCN also occurs in nutritional situations with no apparent excess of sulphur. It is likely that other causes, as yet unidentified and related or not with a thiamine deficiency, lie behind this syndrome. This paper discusses these various etiologies, the role of excess dietary sulphur on thiamine production in the rumen, and the disruptions it may cause on the metabolism of this vitamin. A hypothesis is suggested on the discrepancy between this etiology and, in some cases, the therapeutic effect of high doses of thiamine.
High-rise syndrome ou syndrome du chat parachutiste: études rétrospectives et comparatives de 204 cas
Authors: Duhautois Bruno , Pucheu Bertrand , Juillet Charles 
Published: October 2014

High-rise syndrome : comparative and retrospective study of 204 cases.
The high-rise syndrome (HRS) is used to describe traumatic injuries resulting from falls from a height greater than two stories. Apart from the shock, lesions most frequently include the triad of lung injury (contusion, pneumothorax), appendicular fractures and contusions of the head. The average mortality rate is 11% in cats. Unlike humans and dogs, cats are able to survive falls from heights greater than 6 stories, due to the effectiveness of their vestibular system and low body mass.
Thérapie génique: intérêt et limites des outils
Authors: Mallet Jacques 
Published: October 2014

Les développements spectaculaires de la biologie et de la biotechnologie, durant ces dernières décennies, ont bouleversé le paysage de la recherche biomédicale et offrent des possibilités thérapeutiques sans précédent. À coté des méthodes désormais classiques de la génomique/ post-génomique, citons le phénomène d’ARN interférence, l’établissement de réseaux gènes/protéines, le transfert de gènes
ex vivo etin vivo et la construction de modèles de maladies humaines chez différentes espèces animales. Un exemple emprunté au domaine de l’obésité illustre avec force ces nouvelles possibilités et la puissance des approches de transfert de gène. De nombreuses maladies peuvent bénéficier de la thérapie génique, en particulier les maladies neurodégénératives (cerveau et oeil), pour lesquelles il n’existe pratiquement pas, à l’heure actuelle, d’alternatives satisfaisantes. De nombreuses preuves de principe ont été établies et des essais chez l’homme ont été couronnés de succès. Toutefois, la majorité des protocoles de thérapie génique font appel à des vecteurs dérivés de virus. Bien que «désarmés» , ces vecteurs présentent encore des risques pour le patient, en particulier de recombinaison, qu’il est impératif d’analyser et de prendre en compte. Seuls cette prise de conscience et le développement de recherches appropriées permettront l’utilisation clinique, en routine, des outils de la thérapie génique et ainsi d’exploiter pleinement leur remarquable potentiel thérapeutique.
Qualités diagnostiques des tests biologiques
Authors: Médaille Christine 
Published: October 2014

The interpretation of the result of a biological test, performed for diagnostic or screening purposes, is rarely univocal and disconnected from the reality of the subject being tested. It is generally takes into account complementary information :
-the probability that the subject is suffering from the condition in question, or the latter’s prevalence within the population to which the subject belongs ;
-the test’s diagnostic performance, i. e. its aptitude to distinguish a subject suffering from the condition from a healthy subject, or from a subject with another condition ;
-for continuous variables, e. g. glycemia, variations of the test results in healthy subjects (normal limits and physiological variations). This approach leads to an evaluation of the probability (predictive value) that the subject is suffering or not from the condition, and in the end to the medical decision.
La maitrise des pompes d'efflux, un progrès dans la lutte contre les nématodes parasites
Authors: Kerboeuf Dominique , Riou Mickaël 
Published: October 2014

Efflux pump inhibitors : a progress in parasitic nematode control.
Animal and human nematode infestations are controlled primarily with anthelmintics. However, their continuous administration during outbreaks represents a significant expense for livestock farms. In humans also, their high cost limits their use in poor areas where parasitic worms are most prevalent and most pathogenic. Furthermore, nematodes have developed drug resistance mechanisms, specific or not, which reduce the efficiency of treatments. Among these mechanisms, the accelerated removal of anthelmintics by efflux pumps present in cell membranes, eggshells and cuticles is a major limiting factor. This accelerated efflux is very similar to the mechanism of multidrug resistance (MDR) observed in cancer cells and protozoa. This phenomenon is all the more worrying that it applies simultaneously to several chemical families of drugs. One solution is to block the efflux pumps in parasites with inhibitors. These pumps belong to the large family of ABC transporters, which have many characteristics in common. Some have major physiological functions or protect organs from toxic agents. As much as possible, inhibitors should not have any effect on the pumps of the host and target the parasite exclusively. The diversity of these pumps is greater in nematodes than in vertebrates, and there are differences in their protein structures. Some parts of these proteins are relatively well-conserved in the animal kingdom, while other parts show little homology from one transporter to another or from one species to another. The affinity of these pumps for the substrates can vary with the mutation of a single amino acid. These differences could be used to develop inhibitors specific of nematode pumps, which could then be combined with anthelmintics.
Infections à herpèsvirus chez les ruminants et les éléphants
Authors: Thiry Étienne , Thiry Julien 
Published: October 2014

In the order Herpesvirales, the family Herpesviridae contains numerous viruses isolated from various ruminant species and from elephants. Viruses currently identified in ruminants belong to subfamily
Alphaherpesvirinae, which includes bovine herpesvirus 1 responsible for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, and subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae, which includes alcelaphine herpesvirus 1, causative agent of malignant catarrhal fever. Viruses isolated from elephants belong to the subfamilies Beta-and
Gammaherpesvirinae. The betaherpesviruses cause a deadly hemorrhagic disease sporadically observed in elephants kept in circuses and zoos. Herpesviruses evolved over a very long time period by cospeciation with their host species. The nucleotide substitution rate is very low. However two mechanisms are important for the evolution of herpesvirus populations : viral latent persistence and a high recombination rate. There are probably many more herpesviruses infecting ruminants and elephants in the biosphere. For instance, eight herpesvirus species are currently recognised in the human species, and a similar diversity can be expected in other mammalian species. Viral discovery, based on new molecular technologies, opens new prospects, with the identification of new viral species not associated with clinical signs.
Méthodes substitutives à l'expérimentation animale : aspects réglementaires, état de l'art et perspectives
Authors: Fabre Isabelle 
Published: October 2014

Alternative methods to animal testing are included in the 3R principle (refine, reduce, replace) defined by Russell & Burch in 1959.
In the European Union, the 7th Amendment of the cosmetic directive introduces a ban of animal testing for final cosmetic products and a phase-out of any animal testing for ingredients, with deadlines of 2009 and 2013, respectively. The new REACH regulation on chemicals proposes integrated strategies that make maximum use of non-animal approaches, refined and updated animal testing being used only as a last resort. Marked progress has been made in the field of biological medicinal products, specifically in the area of vaccines, whose quality control procedures require mostly in vivo testing. The European Pharmacopoeia has published numerous monographs suggesting dropping methods now obsolete with the advent of the GMP, GLP and QA practices (e. g. in the study of abnormal toxicity). It suggests using new in vitro methods instead (e. g. BET instead of rabbit pyrogen test), or strategies aimed at reducing the number of animals tested and the suffering inflicted (e. g. serological titration instead of challenge test).
However, this raises the question of the validity of alternative methods. Before they can be used in replacement of animal methods, their scientific validity must be proven and they must be officially accepted by the regulatory agencies.
The development of new biological models and high performance analysis tools, such as physical and chemical assays, exploratory methods, or high-throughput screening combined with biocomputing, offers promising alternatives opportunities. Finally, an international collaboration between regulatory bodies (ICH, OECD) and the various industries is currently necessary to ensure that the validated alternative methods are effectively adopted.
Etat actuel de l’ostéosynthèse des membres chez l’homme
Authors: Sorriaux Grégory , Judet Henri 
Published: October 2014

Current review of limb osteosynthesis in man.
The new challenges of osteosynthesis in man include the resumption of optimal function before consolidation time, and the minimisation of sequelae. Improvements of the mechanical resistance of osteosynthesis components and of surgical techniques have helped reduce the treatment’s invasiveness as much as possible. The five current materials of osteosynthesis are described with their indications. The benefits of these new materials for the patients must be evaluated, taking into account the supplementary cost generated by these improvements. Patients must be offered solutions adapted to their problem, while being told that the consolidation time cannot be shortened.
Le traitement des fractures chez le cheval, où en sommes-nous?
Authors: Perrin Roland 
Published: October 2014

Current review of the treatment of equine fractures.
Even in the early 21st century, the treatment of equine fractures remains a challenge for veterinary surgeons. In this presentation, we review the current situation as well as its historical background. The treatment of equine fractures is poised for rapid changes. Surgical techniques and patient management have improved, and surgeons have become more specialized. However, the small number of published cases shows that owners are not yet aware of the revolution which has taken place in this field. It is for us, veterinary surgeons, to make them see this new potential.
Référentiel d'utilisation des antibiotiques pour une prescription raisonnée en dermatologie canine : le bon usage des antibiotiques
Authors: Guaguère Eric 
Published: October 2014

Guide to the appropriate and accurate use of antibiotics in canine dermatology
The development of antibiotic resistance is a public health issue. There is an urgent need to rationalise our prescriptions of antibiotics for the treatment of canine pyodermitis, as well as identify and eliminate irresponsible practices. Clinicians have a duty to prescribe the right molecules for the right bacteriological and clinical indications, in compliance with a guide to the proper use of antibiotics which takes into account whether it is for a first-line treatment or not. The Scientific Council of the French workgroup on small animal dermatology GEDAC of the French Association of Small Animal Veterinarians (AFVAC) has put together a guide for the appropriate and accurate use of antibiotics in canine dermatology. This guide is aimed at practitioners to help them with their routine prescriptions ; it will be revised over time, as new data on bacterial sensitivity and doses to use become available.
Le chien dans la pathologie et la génétique comparée: exemples de maladies et de gènes partagés entre l'homme et le chien
Authors: André Catherine , Plassais Jocelyn 
Published: October 2014

Dogs in comparative pathology and genetics : examples of diseases and genes shared between humans and dogs
This article shows how dogs can help identify the causes of genetic diseases homologous between dogs and humans. With over 400 breeds, the canine species represents genetic isolates in which all dogs from a given breed share the same phenotype and close genotypes. Each breed history led to the selection of particular alleles to meet specific criteria, such as aptitudes or morphological traits, but also to a concentration of ‘undesirable’ alleles, responsible for numerous genetic diseases expressed in nearly all canine breeds. Five examples of breed-specific diseases will be presented : retinal atrophy, neuropathy and ichthyosis (a genetic dermatosis), as well as two multifactorial diseases. The ichthyosis example in Golden retrievers perfectly illustrates the power of this model to identify new genes and new gene functions involved in human genetic diseases. This work also led to the development of genetic tests useful in veterinary medicine, thereby demonstrating the ‘OneHealth’ concept of mutual benefit for dogs and humans.
Imagerie cérébrale chez l'homme en 2012
Authors: Hugonet Pierre 
Published: October 2014

Human brain imaging in 2012
The use of x-rays and of tomography and computing revolutionized the medical imaging of organs, and particularly brain imaging. Towards the end of the 20th century, nuclear magnetic resonance provided more precise discrimination of anatomical structures. A judicious use of these techniques, adapted to the clinical situations, provides valuable information and helps the clinician decide on an effective treatment. After a reminder on clinical situations associated with inflammation, infection, tumor and degenerative conditions, the author described the techniques used routinely in a private medical imaging centre in 2012.
Le bien-être animal : à la croisée des chemins de la biologie, de l’éthique et des productions animales
Authors: Veissier Isabelle 
Published: October 2014

Animal welfare : at a cross road between biology, ethics, and animal productions
The protection of farm animal welfare is a society issue. It stems from the recognition that animals under our care are sentient beings. Recent scientific data on mammals, birds, and fish provide evidence that these animals can feel emotions. Indicators of animal well being, assessing their emotional status or the impact of farming conditions, are now available. Solutions are found to balance welfare and production requirements. However, science alone cannot fully address the issue of animal welfare, as it cannot define the limits of what is acceptable and what is not. Nevertheless, science must provide arguments for a constructive debate, such as indicators of welfare and of the impact of farming conditions. It can also help understand ethical reasoning, and include this data in welfare evaluation systems.