bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Canadian Emerging Adults
Authors: Ferro Mark A. , Gorter Jan Willem , Boyle Michael H. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We identified courses of depressive symptoms in an epidemiological sample of emerging adults.Methods. We used latent class growth modeling to identify trajectories of depressive symptoms measured by the 12-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) during a 14-year follow-up of 2825 Canadian youths aged 10 to 25 years enrolled in the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth between 1994 and 2009.Results. After adjustment for youth, parent, and family factors, the 3 distinct trajectories of depressive symptoms were minimal (55%; CES-D < 6), subclinical (39%; CES-D = 9–13), and clinical (6%; CES-D > 18). All trajectories exhibited a parallel course, with peak symptoms at 15 to 17 years of age. Subclinical and clinical symptoms were more common than minimal symptoms in female youths and in respondents with lower self-concept, lower socioeconomic status, poorer interpersonal relations, and chronic health conditions (P < .01).Conclusions. Among emerging adults, trajectories of depressive symptoms do not trend upward or downward, and variables associated with identified trajectories demonstrated dose–response effects that agreed with vulnerability–stress theories of depression.
Type 2 Diabetes and Anxiety Symptoms Among Women in New Delhi, India
Authors: Weaver Lesley Jo , Madhu S. V. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We explored the relationship between mental health and type 2 diabetes among women in New Delhi, India, in 2011. Methods. We recruited a convenience sample of 184 diabetic women from 10 public and private clinics. They completed a finger-stick blood test and a questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics, depression and anxiety symptoms, and diabetes-related disabilities restricting their performance of daily tasks. A subsample of 30 women participated in follow-up qualitative interviews at their homes. Results. More than one quarter of our sample of diabetic women reported high levels of anxiety symptoms, whereas 18% reported high levels of depression symptoms. Anxiety symptoms were patterned according to recency of diabetes diagnosis, with 40% of women diagnosed less than 2 years before their interview reporting high anxiety symptom levels, as opposed to 23% of women diagnosed more than 2 years in the past. Depression and anxiety scores differed with respect to their relationship to recency of diagnosis, number of children, blood glucose level, and functional disabilities restricting performance of daily tasks. Conclusions. Screening for anxiety among people with diabetes has been overlooked in the past. Anxiety appears more prevalent than depression, especially during the first 2 years of the disease.
The Perceived Consequences of Gold Mining in Postwar El Salvador: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Zakrison Tanya L. , Cabezas Pedro , Valle Evan , Kornfeld Julie , Muntaner Carles , Soklaridis Sophie 
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We investigated themes related to the health and environmental impacts of gold mining in El Salvador. Methods. Over a 1-month period in 2013, we conducted focus groups (n = 32 participants in total) and individual semistructured interviews (n = 11) with community leaders until we achieved thematic saturation. Data collection took place in 4 departments throughout the country. We used a combination of criterion-purposive and snowballing sampling techniques to identify participants. Results. Multiple themes emerged: (1) the fallacy of economic development; (2) critique of mining activities; (3) the creation of mining-related violence, with parallels to El Salvador's civil war; and (4) solutions and alternatives to mining activity. Solutions involved the creation of cooperative microenterprises for sustainable economic growth, political empowerment within communities, and development of local participatory democracies. Conclusions. Gold mining in El Salvador is perceived as a significant environmental and public health threat. Local solutions may be applicable broadly.
Public Health and Legal Arguments in Favor of a Policy to Cap the Portion Sizes of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages
Authors: Roberto Christina A. , Pomeranz Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2015

In 2012, the New York City Board of Health passed a regulation prohibiting the sale of sugar-sweetened beverages in containers above 16 ounces in the city’s food service establishments. The beverage industry and various retailers sued the city to prevent enforcement of the law, arguing that the board had overstepped its authority. In June 2014, the state’s highest court agreed and struck down the regulation. Here we report the results of a content analysis of the public testimony related to the case submitted to the New York City Department of Mental Health and Hygiene. We identified major arguments in support of and against the sugar-sweetened beverage portion limit policy. We offer legal and scientific arguments that challenge the major anti-policy arguments and contend that, although this policy was not implemented in New York City, it can be legally pursued by other legislatures.
Lesion Activity Assessment (LAA) in Conjunction With International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) for Occlusal Caries Diagnosis in Permanent Teeth
Authors: Cotta FVMD , de Castilho LS , Moreira AN , Paiva SM , Ferreira EF , Ferreira LCN , Magalhães CS 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARY

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical performance and to validate the Lesion Activity Assessment (LAA) in conjunction with the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) for occlusal caries diagnosis in permanent teeth.

Methods
Patients with erupted or partially erupted third molars were recruited from the surgery clinic of the School of Dentistry of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil. A calibrated examiner evaluated 49 teeth using the ICDAS-LAA criteria. The histologic criterion proposed by Ekstrand and others was used to validate severity at the thresholds D1 (outer half of the enamel), D2 (inner half of the enamel and outer third of the dentin), and D3 (inner or middle third of the dentin). Lesion activity was validated using 0.1% methyl red solution.

Results
The method demonstrated good reliability (weighted kappa for severity=0.60; unweighted kappa for activity=0.61). The ICDAS presented a higher performance for lesion detection (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [Az]=0.79) using the threshold D3. At the thresholds D1 and D2, the results for Az were 0.57 and 0.74, respectively. Regarding the ICDAS-LAA, Az = 0.59.

Conclusions
Clinical protocols can use ICDAS for the severity diagnosis of occlusal caries, but the LAA performance was poor.
Effect of prewarming on the body temperature of small dogs undergoing inhalation anesthesia
Authors: Rigotti Clara F. , Jolliffe Colette T. , Leece Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Objective—To investigate whether prewarming affects body temperature of small dogs (weighing < 10 kg [22 lb]) undergoing inhalation anesthesia.
Design—Prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial.
Animals—20 dogs weighing < 10 kg with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II.
Procedures—Baseline rectal temperature was recorded. Before IM administration of buprenorphine hydrochloride and acepromazine maleate, dogs were randomly assigned to be placed in a pediatric incubator at 33°C (91.4°F) for approximately 30 to 60 minutes (prewarming group) or to receive no prewarming (control group); subsequently, dogs underwent inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane in oxygen. Rectal, esophageal, and ambient temperatures were measured every 5 minutes from induction of anesthesia (IOA) for > 1 hour by an observer who was unaware of treatment. If a dog became hypothermic (esophageal temperature < 36°C [96.8°F]), it was withdrawn from the study. Variables of interest relating to dogs, anesthesia, temperatures, hypothermia, and study withdrawal were compared between groups.
Results—1 dog was excluded from the prewarming group after becoming excessively excited in the incubator. Between groups, age, weight, body condition score, degree of preanesthesia sedation, interval from sedation to IOA, duration of anesthesia, baseline rectal temperature, rectal temperatures immediately prior to IOA, esophageal temperature following IOA, ambient temperature during the first 70 minutes of anesthesia, esophageal or rectal temperature during the first 90 minutes of anesthesia, and incidence of hypothermia and study withdrawal (5 dogs/group) did not differ significantly.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Prewarming in an incubator prior to IOA failed to improve or maintain body temperature of dogs weighing < 10 kg during inhalation anesthesia. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015;247:765–770)
Outcomes of dogs undergoing limb amputation, owner satisfaction with limb amputation procedures, and owner perceptions regarding postsurgical adaptation: 64 cases (2005–2012)
Authors: Dickerson Vanna M. , Coleman Kevin D. , Ogawa Morika , Saba Corey F. , Cornell Karen K. , Radlinsky MaryAnn G. , Schmiedt Chad W. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate outcomes of dogs and owner satisfaction and perception of their dogs’ adaptation following amputation of a thoracic or pelvic limb.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—64 client-owned dogs.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs that underwent limb amputation at a veterinary teaching hospital between 2005 and 2012 were reviewed. Signalment, body weight, and body condition scores at the time of amputation, dates of amputation and discharge from the hospital, whether a thoracic or pelvic limb was amputated, and reason for amputation were recorded. Histologic diagnosis and date of death were recorded if applicable. Owners were interviewed by telephone about their experience and interpretation of the dog's adaptation after surgery. Associations between perioperative variables and postoperative quality of life scores were investigated.
Results—58 of 64 (91%) owners perceived no change in their dog's attitude after amputation; 56 (88%) reported complete or nearly complete return to preamputation quality of life, 50 (78%) indicated the dog's recovery and adaptation were better than expected, and 47 (73%) reported no change in the dog's recreational activities. Body condition scores and body weight at the time of amputation were negatively correlated with quality of life scores after surgery. Taking all factors into account, most (55/64 [86%]) respondents reported they would make the same decision regarding amputation again, and 4 (6%) indicated they would not; 5 (8%) were unsure.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—This information may aid veterinarians in educating clients about adaptation potential of dogs following limb amputation and the need for postoperative weight control in such patients. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015;247:786–792)
Radiographic characterization of ossification of the ungular cartilages in horses: 271 cases (2005–2012)
Authors: Jones Laura E. , Dyson Sue J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Objective—To describe in detail the radiographic appearance of ossified ungular cartilages in horses and to evaluate the usefulness of a flexed dorsolateral-palmaromedial oblique (flexed oblique) radiographic view in evaluating the ungular cartilages.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Sample—Radiographs of 1,255 front feet of horses.
Procedures—Ossification of the ungular cartilages was graded during evaluation of radiographs on a scale from 0 to 5; feet with cartilages with an ossification grade ≥ 2 were included (386 feet [271 horses]). The shape (straight, curved outward or inward, and dorsopalmar extension of ossification) was determined. The view on which abnormalities were best identified was documented. Abnormalities of the compact bone, radiopacity, trabecular architecture, compactospongious demarcation, and presence of radiolucent lines were recorded; grouped as modeling, adaptive changes, or both; compared with ossification grade, separate centers of ossification, mediolateral symmetry of ossification, shape, cartilage (medial or lateral), and foot (left or right); and tested for significant associations.
Results—Fractures (n = 35) were most common in feet with cartilages with an ossification grade of 4 (18) or 5 (17) and were best identified in flexed oblique images, compared with more commonly recommended images. Multivariable logistic regression showed a significant positive association of ossification grade with modeling or adaptive changes; feet with cartilages with an ossification grade of 4 (OR, 11.59; 95% CI, 6.52 to 20.60) or 5 (OR, 72.90; 95% CI, 25.32 to 209.90) were more likely than those with an ossification grade of 2 or 3 to have modeling or adaptive changes. Abnormally shaped cartilages were more likely to have modeling or adaptive changes, compared with normally shaped cartilages (OR, 4.90; 95% CI, 1.94 to 12.42).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Extensive ossification and the presence of inward or outward curvature as well as palmar curvature or a bulbous shape were significant risk factors for modelling and adaptive changes. Flexed oblique images provided clinically useful information, including detection of abnormal shape and fractures, that may not be evident on other currently recommended images. Such images are recommended for complete radiographic appraisal of ossified ungular cartilages of the foot in horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015;247:801–811)
Association Between Anatomical Characteristics, Knee Laxity, Muscle Strength, and Peak Knee Valgus During Vertical Drop-Jump Landings
Authors: Nilstad Agnethe , Krosshaug Tron , Mok Kam-Ming , Bahr Roald , Andersen Thor Einar 
Published: September 2015

Study Design Controlled laboratory study; cross-sectional. Objectives To investigate the relationship among anatomical variables, knee laxity, muscle strength, and peak knee valgus angles during a vertical drop-jump landing task. Background Excessive knee valgus has been associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury in females; however, the influence of anatomical characteristics, knee laxity, and muscle strength on frontal plane knee motion is not completely understood. Methods Norwegian elite female soccer players (n = 279; mean ± SD age, 21 ± 4 years; height, 167 ± 6 cm; body mass, 63 ± 7 kg) were evaluated from 2009 through 2012. The evaluation included 3-D motion analysis of a vertical drop jump, anatomical measures (height, static knee valgus, leg length, and static foot posture), knee laxity, and muscle strength (quadriceps, hamstrings, and hip abductors). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate the relationships among anatomical characteristics, knee laxity, muscle strength, and peak knee valgus angles. Results Anatomical characteristics explained 11% of the variance in peak knee valgus angles (P<.001), with height and static knee valgus being significant predictors. Conclusion Greater body height and static knee valgus were associated with greater peak knee valgus angles during a vertical drop-jump landing task. However, these variables only explained 11% of the variance in peak knee valgus. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(12):998–1005. Epub 17 Sep 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5612
Management of Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy: One Size Does Not Fit All
Authors: Coombes Brooke K. , Bisset Leanne , Vicenzino Bill 
Published: September 2015

Synopsis Clear guidelines for the clinical management of individuals with lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) are hampered by many proposed interventions and the condition's prognosis, ranging from immediate resolution of symptoms following simple advice in some patients to long-lasting problems, regardless of treatment, in others. This is compounded by our lack of understanding of the complexity of the underlying pathophysiology of LET. In this article, we collate evidence and expert opinion on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and differential diagnosis of LET. Factors that might provide prognostic value or direction for physical rehabilitation, such as the presence of neck pain, tendon tears, or central sensitization, are canvassed. Clinical recommendations for physical rehabilitation are provided, including the prescription of exercise and adjunctive physical therapy and pharmacotherapy. A preliminary algorithm, including targeted interventions, for the management of subgroups of patients with LET based on identified prognostic factors is proposed. Further research is needed to evaluate whether such an approach may lead to improved outcomes and more efficient resource allocation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(11):938–949. Epub 17 Sep 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5841
Implementation of a Quality Improvement Process Aimed to Deliver Higher-Value Physical Therapy for Patients With Low Back Pain: Case Report
Authors: Karlen Emily , McCathie Becky 
Published: September 2015

Background and PurposeThe current state of health care demands higher-value care. Due to many barriers, clinicians routinely do not implement evidence-based care even though it is known to improve quality and reduce cost of care. The purpose of this case report is to describe a theory-based, multitactic implementation of a quality improvement process aimed to deliver higher-value physical therapy for patients with low back pain.Case DescriptionPatients were treated from January 2010 through December 2014 in 1 of 32 outpatient physical therapy clinics within an academic health care system. Data were examined from 47,755 patients (mean age=50.3 years) entering outpatient physical therapy for management of nonspecific low back pain, with or without radicular pain. Development and implementation tactics were constructed from adult learning and change management theory to enhance adherence to best practice care among 130 physical therapists. A quality improvement team implemented 4 tactics: establish care delivery expectations, facilitate peer-led clinical and operational teams, foster a learning environment focused on meeting a population's needs, and continuously collect and analyze outcomes data. Physical therapy utilization and change in functional disability were measured to assess relative cost and quality of care. Secondarily, charge data assessed change in physical therapists' application of evidence-based care.OutcomesImplementation of a quality improvement process was measured by year-over-year improved clinical outcomes, decreased utilization, and increased adherence to evidence-based physical therapy, which was associated with higher-value care.DiscussionWhen adult learning and change management theory are combined in quality improvement efforts, common barriers to implementing evidence-based care can be overcome, creating an environment supportive of delivering higher-value physical therapy for patients with low back pain.
Complications associated with bacitracin powder in surgical wounds
Authors: Beckman Joshua M. , Amankwah Ernest K. , Tetreault Lisa L. , Perlman Sharon A. , Tuite Gerald F. 
Published: September 2015

OBJECT
There has been renewed interest in the application of concentrated antibiotic powder to surgical wounds as a method to decrease infection rates. While there is substantial medical literature describing the effectiveness and complications associated with vancomycin and gentamycin powders, very little has been reported regarding the safety and effectiveness of bacitracin powder in surgical wounds. In this paper the authors report their detailed analysis of potential bacitracin powder-related complications in a population of pediatric patients who underwent shunt surgery.

METHODS
A detailed retrospective analysis was completed of all CSF shunt surgeries performed by the corresponding author at a large children’s hospital between 2001 and 2013. This cohort consisted of many patients who were the subject of a previous report that showed the use of bacitracin powder in shunt wounds potentially decreased infection rates. Data were collected regarding the most common known complications of bacitracin, i.e., anaphylaxis, wound healing difficulties, and renal dysfunction. Data were stratified by typical demographic, medical, and surgical variables, including whether bacitracin powder was applied to wounds prior to closure.

RESULTS
A total of 597 patients were reviewed in the analysis: 389 underwent surgery without bacitracin powder and 208 had concentrated bacitracin powder applied to the wounds prior to closure. The application of bacitracin powder was not associated with anaphylaxis (n = 0 both groups) or with an increase in wound breakdown (n = 5 in the control group, n = 0 in the bacitracin powder group) or renal dysfunction (creatinine/estimated glomerular filtration rate) using both comparative and multivariate analyses between the 2 groups. The sample size evaluating renal function was significantly lower (range 6–320) than that of anaphylaxis and wound breakdown analysis because only clinical values acquired during the routine care of these patients were available for analysis. The only significant difference in demographics was the more frequent use of intrathecal vancomycin and gentamycin in patients who received bacitracin powder (n = 1 for controls, n = 21 for bacitracin powder). In the multivariate analysis, only 1 factor, surgery performed on a premature infant within the first 3 months of life, was independently associated with a change in creatinine at 3 months (creatinine decreased by 0.18) compared with the level before surgery (p < 0.0001). Bacitracin powder was not a significant factor.

CONCLUSIONS
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to systematically analyze the potential complications of concentrated bacitracin powder applied to surgical wounds. The use of topical bacitracin powder in CSF shunt wounds was not associated with anaphylaxis, wound breakdown, or renal dysfunction. Further study using standardized protocols is necessary before widespread use can be recommended.