bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enseigner le terroir
Authors: Rogers Juliette 
Published: January 2014

Cet article analyse la formation et la consolidation de deux syndicats de défense d’appellations d’origine contrôlée (AOC), celui du fromage Époisses en Côte-d’Or et en Haute-Marne et celui qui regroupe les trois AOC fromagères de Basse-Normandie. Les deux enquêtes ethnographiques menées dans ces régions donnent à voir l’activité idéologique réalisée au sein de groupes d’intérêt dont les membres sont réunis de facto par une démarche collective préexistante et qui s’efforcent ensuite de susciter de l’adhésion et de la loyauté. Dans ces deux filières, les producteurs de lait n’ont que récemment été invités à participer, et les syndicats se sont engagés à les former à « la logique du terroir » afin de les convaincre de suivre la démarche AOC et de se mettre en accord sur un cahier des charges définissant les méthodes de production laitière en conformité avec ces principes. Obtenir suffisamment d’adhérents ne constitue qu’une partie de l’enjeu, les dirigeants devaient faire en sorte que les participants acceptent les standards nationaux de l’AOC. Mais ces producteurs sont des « cotisants captifs » à un syndicat dont le travail suppose de négocier sur des questions agronomiques en suivant la conception du terroir proposée par les promoteurs nationaux des AOC, ce qui provoque des conflits avec d’autres systèmes de croyances plus établis portés par différents acteurs du secteur agricole. Ces héritages influent sur les formes effectives que « le terroir » peut prendre au cours des débats entre producteurs, sans pour autant atténuer les opportunités économiques offertes par cette construction idéologique.
Effects of Capture on the Reproductive Performance of Female Moose
Authors: Lowe Stacey J. , Aderman Andy R. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Since 1998, 83 female moose Alces alces have been captured and instrumented with radiocollars as part of a population dynamics study in southwestern Alaska. Moose were pursued and immobilized with carfentanil citrate and xylazine HCl administered from a dart gun fired from a helicopter. We investigated the potential for capture and radiotelemetry instrumentation to alter calf production or recruitment of 78 radiocollared adult female moose. Calf production or recruitment by radioed females was not significantly different between capture and noncapture years (P &lt; 0.290; P &lt; 0.789, respectively). We recommend the continued use of these capture and immobilization methods for deploying radiocollars to study moose population dynamics in this region.
A Critical Review of Dental Caries in Individuals with Cleft Lip
Authors: Bastos Roosevelt S , Pinto Edu Cassiano Hugo , Pinto Elda Garbo , Soares Simone , Oliveira Thais Marchini , Almeida Ana Lucia Pompéia Fraga , Bastos José-Roberto Magalhães 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
People with cleft lip and palate (CLP) often have problems with oral hygiene due to the difficulty of obtaining appropriate mechanical biofilm control.

Objectives
To review the literature and to seek an epidemio logical profile of dental caries in individuals with CLP.

Materials and methods
In the PubMed database and Web of Knowledge, using the keywords ‘dental caries’ and ‘cleft lip,’ 58 studies were collected, of which 13 were selected. After collection of the epidemiological data of dental caries from each paper, the age of the study subjects, the severity of dental caries (DMFT/dmft), and kappa statistics were gathered.

Results
The cross-sectional studies totaled four papers, and there were nine case-control studies; six of them showed a more severe caries index in the case group (CLP), two studies showed the control group (without CLP) having higher caries severity, and one only paper with one age (14 years) indicated higher severity in the control group.

Conclusion
Overall, the rate of dental decay found in individuals with CLP was higher than among people without this condition in the studies evaluated.

How to cite this article
Pinto ECH, Pinto EG, Soares S, Oliveira TM, Almeida ALPF, Bastos JRM, Bastos RS. A Critical Review of Dental Caries in Individuals with Cleft Lip. World J Dent 2013;4(4):272-275.
Summer mesospheric warmings and the quasi 2 day wave
Authors: Siskind D. E. , McCormack J. P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHigh‐altitude meteorological analyses are used to study the interannual variability of mesospheric weather in the Southern extratropics over five recent January's (2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, and 2010). Two features are apparent. First, there is significant variability in the quasi 2 day wave (Q2DW) with the largest amplitudes in January 2006 and also the last half of January 2005. Second, these periods coincide with high‐latitude temperature enhancements of 8–12 K. Previous studies have linked summer mesospheric warmings to interhemispheric coupling (IHC); however, the observed temperature and zonal wind anomalies do not agree with the predictions of IHC. Rather it appears that the westward momentum forcing from these Q2DW enhancements counteracts the gravity wave drag forcing which normally produces the cold summer mesopause. Since these temperature increases have been linked to Polar Mesospheric Cloud (PMC) disappearance, the present study supports the suggestion that the Q2DW may be an important factor governing PMC variability.
Tests of fixity of the Indo‐Atlantic hot spots relative to Pacific hot spots
Authors: Koivisto Emilia A. , Andrews David L. , Gordon Richard G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRates of inter‐hot spot motion have been debated for decades. Herein we present updated predictions for the tracks of the Tristan da Cunha, Réunion, and Iceland hot spots assuming them to be fixed relative to Pacific hot spots. Uncertainties in Pacific hot spot rotations, which include uncertainties in the current locations of hot spots of 100–200 km, are combined with uncertainties in relative plate motions accumulated through the plate circuit to obtain the final uncertainty in the predicted positions (including uncertainties of 150–200 km in the current locations of the Indo‐Atlantic hot spots). Improvements to reconstruction methods, to relative plate reconstructions, to age dates along the tracks, and to the geomagnetic reversal timescale lead to significant changes from prior results. When compared with the observed tracks, the predicted tracks indicate nominal rates of motion of only 2–6 mm a−1 of these Indo‐Atlantic hot spots relative to Pacific hot spots over the past 48 Ma. Within the uncertainties, the rates range from no motion to rates as high as 8–13 mm a−1. For reconstructions prior to 48 Ma B.P., however, the apparent rates of inter‐hot spot motion are much larger, 46–55 ± 20 mm a−1, if the motion occurred entirely between 68 Ma B.P. and 48 Ma B.P. Either hot spots moved rapidly before 48 Ma B.P., and slowed drastically at ≈ 48 Ma B.P., or global plate circuits through Antarctica become less reliable as one goes increasingly further into the past. Most paleomagnetic data favor the latter explanation.
Fresh shallow valleys in the Martian midlatitudes as features formed by meltwater flow beneath ice
Authors: Hobley Daniel E. J. , Howard Alan D. , Moore Jeffrey M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSignificant numbers of valleys have been identified in the Martian midlatitudes (30–60°N/S), spatially associated with extant or recent ice accumulations. Many of these valleys date to the Amazonian, but their formation during these cold, dry epochs is problematic. In this study, we look in detail at the form, distribution, and quantitative geomorphology of two suites of these valleys and their associated landforms in order to better constrain the processes of their formation. Since the valleys themselves are so young and thus well preserved, uniquely, we can constrain valley widths and courses and link these to the topography from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter and High‐Resolution Stereo Camera data. We show that the valleys are both qualitatively and quantitatively very similar, despite their being >5000 km apart in different hemispheres and around 7 km apart in elevation. Buffered crater counting indicates that the ages of these networks are statistically identical, probably forming during the Late Amazonian, ~100 Ma. In both localities, at least tens of valleys cross local drainage divides, apparently flowing uphill. We interpret these uphill reaches to be characteristic of flow occurring beneath a now absent, relatively thin (order 101–102 m), regionally extensive ice cover. Ridges and mounds occasionally found at the foot of these valley systems are analogous to eskers and aufeis‐like refreezing features. On the basis of their interaction with these aufeis‐like mounds, we suggest that this suite of landforms may have formed in a single, short episode (perhaps order of days), probably forced by global climate change.
Variable deceleration of Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica
Authors: Beem L. H. , Tulaczyk S. M. , King M. A. , Bougamont M. , Fricker H. A. , Christoffersen P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Whillans Ice Stream Ice Plain (WIP) has been slowing since at least 1963. Prior constraints on this slowdown were consistent with a constant long‐term deceleration rate. New observations of ice velocity from 11 continuous and 3 seasonal GPS sites indicate the deceleration rate varies through time including on interannual time scales. Between 2009 and 2012 WIP decelerated at a rate (6.1 to 10.9 ± 2 m/yr2) that was double the multidecadal average (3.0 to 5.6 ± 2 m/yr2). To identify the causes of slowdown, we used new and prior velocity estimates to constrain longitudinal and transverse force budget models as well as a higher‐order inverse model. All model results support the conclusion that the observed deceleration of WIP is caused by an increase in basal resistance to motion at a rate of 10 to 40 Pa/yr. Subglacial processes that may be responsible for strengthening the ice stream bed include basal freeze on, changes in subglacial hydrology, or increases in the area of resistant basal substrate through differential erosion. The observed variability in WIP deceleration rate suggests that dynamics in subglacial hydrology, plausibly driven by basal freeze on and/or activity of subglacial lakes, plays a key role in modulating basal resistance to ice motion in the region.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Reactions of 1‐(ortho‐Alkynylaryl)ureas: Highly Selective Heterocyclization and Synthesis of Mixed N,O‐Acetals
Authors: Gimeno Ana , Cuenca Ana B. , Medio‐Simón Mercedes , Asensio Gregorio 
Published: January 2014

AbstractReadily available 1‐(ortho‐ethynylaryl)urea derivatives undergo a selective gold/silver {[AuCl(IPr)]/AgSbF6} catalyzed N‐6‐exo‐dig or N‐5‐endo‐dig heterocyclization process in dimethylformamide (DMF) at 60 °C. Benzoxazine derivatives, i.e., the products of O‐6‐exo‐dig ring closure through the urea oxygen, could be observed under catalytic conditions only when the N‐3 basicity was substantially diminished, but were readily isolable in stoichiometric processes carried out at low temperature. The open chain amino O,O‐acetals and a series of new cyclic mixed N,O‐acetals containing the trifluoroethyl group were synthesized when the reactions were performed in ethanol or trifluoroethanol, respectively, as solvent. The procedure allows for an easy access to this versatile class of key intermediates in organic synthesis from simple starting materials. The effect of using either DMF or protic solvents on the course of the reactions is reported.magnified image
Poly(ether imide) membranes modified with charged surface‐modifying macromolecule—Its performance characteristics as ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Kanagaraj Palsamy , Neelakandan Sivasubramaniyan , Nagendran Alagumalai 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTModification of poly (ether imide) (PEI) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes was attempted by blending charged surface modifying macromolecule (cSMM). Compared to the pure PEI membrane, blending of PEI with cSMM resulted in blend membranes with enhanced UF characteristics such as lower hydraulic resistance (Rm) and higher pure water flux (PWF) coupled with higher water content (WC). Among the various modified membranes, blend membranes with 5 wt % cSMM concentration exhibited higher PWF (60.38 L m−2 h−1), WC (73.6%), protein permeate flux (27.12 L m−2 h−1) and lower flux decline rate (Rfd) (55.1%), Rm (5.21 kPa/L m−2 h−1), bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection (87.1%). Meanwhile, the fouling resistant ability was studied by flux recovery ratio (FRR) after water and alkali cleaning, irreversible and reversible fouling rate. Higher FRR after water cleaning (95.07%), FRR after alkali cleaning (97.1%), reversible fouling rate (50.14%) and lower irreversible fouling rate (5%) exhibited by 5 wt % cSMM membranes showed its better antifouling ability compared to pure PEI and other blend membranes because of its higher hydrophilic nature. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40320.
New Entangled Coordination Networks Based on Charge‐Tunable Keggin‐Type Polyoxometalates
Authors: Hao Xiu‐Li , Ma Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Yong‐Hui , Xu Long‐Yang , Liu Fu‐Chen , Zhang Mao‐Mao , Li Yang‐Guang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractInvestigation into a hydrothermal reaction system with transition‐metal (TM) ions, 1,4‐bis(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐lmethyl)benzene (BBTZ) and various charge‐tunable Keggin‐type polyoxometalates (POMs) led to the preparation of four new entangled coordination networks, [CoII(HBBTZ)(BBTZ)2.5][PMo12O40] (1), [CuI(BBTZ)]5[BW12O40]⋅H2O (2), [CuII(BBTZ)]3[AsWV3WVI9O40]⋅10 H2O (3), and [CuII5(BBTZ)7(H2O)6][P2W22Cu2O77(OH)2]⋅6 H2O (4). All compounds were characterized by using elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The mixed valence of W centers in compound 3 was further confirmed by using XPS spectroscopy and bond‐valence sum calculations. In the structural analysis, the entangled networks of 1–4 demonstrate zipper‐closing packing, 3D polythreading, 3D polycatenation, and 3D self‐penetration, respectively. Moreover, with the enhancement of POM negative charges and the use of different TM types, the number of nodes in the coordination networks of 1–4 increased and the basic metal–organic building motifs changed from a 1D zipper‐type chain (in 1) to a 2D pseudorotaxane layer (in 2) to a 3D diamond‐like framework (in 3) and finally to a 3D self‐penetrating framework (in 4). The photocatalytic properties of compounds 1–4 for the degradation of methylene blue under UV light were also investigated; all compounds showed good catalytic activity and the photocatalytic activity order of Keggin‐type species was initially found to be {XMo12O40}>{XW12O40}>{XW12−nTMnO40}.
Entwicklung einer optimierten Schraubengeometrie für hochbeanspruchte Stahl‐Holz‐Verbindungen
Authors: Ringhofer Andreas , Brandner Reinhard , Schickhofer Gerhard 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDer Beitrag behandelt die Optimierung der Geometrie von vorwiegend axial beanspruchten selbstbohrenden Holzschrauben für den Einsatz in einer Stahl‐Holz‐Laschenverbindung unter Zug parallel zur Faser. Mit Fokus auf den Stahlbruch werden der Kopf und Ansatzbereich des Gewindes adaptiert und die Veränderungen im Last‐Verformungsverhalten anhand von Prototypen versuchstechnisch an bauteilgroßen Laschenstößen und mittels einer numerischen Modellierung verifiziert. Es zeigen sich eine gegenüber herkömmlichen Schraubentypen um 2 bis 8 % gesteigerte Tragfähigkeit, eine Verlagerung des Versagens der Schraube von der Stahlblech‐Unterkante tiefer in das Holz sowie die Ausbildung eines Fließgelenks am Beginn der geschaffenen Freistrecke. Letzteres lässt einerseits eine homogenere Lastverteilung zwischen den Schrauben infolge eines erheblich gesteigerten Duktilitätspotenzials und andererseits eine Verbesserung des Tragverhaltens solcher Anschlüsse bei Langzeit‐ und Zugschwellbelastungen erwarten. Zudem wird ein Vorschlag für den Nettoquerschnittsnachweis für zugbeanspruchte Laschenstöße mit selbstbohrenden Holzschrauben unterbreitet.Development of an optimized screw geometry for high‐stressed steel‐to‐timber jointsThis paper deals with the geometrical optimization of mainly axially loaded self‐tapping screws applied in steel‐to‐timber joints under tension parallel to grain. Focusing on steel failure, the head geometry and the zone before the thread were adapted. Consequently, differences to standard products were verified by laboratory tests on full‐scale steel‐to‐timber joints and also by numerical modeling. A 2 to 8 % increase of load bearing resistance, a displacement of the location of screw failure deeper into the timber member as well as the development of a plastic hinge close to the head are the essential results of this study. Especially the yield deformation leads to a more homogenous load sharing between a group of screws, caused by an increased potential of ductility, and to an enhanced bearing behavior under long term as well as pulsating tensile loadings. In addition to that a proposal for the verification of the net cross‐section of tensile joints with self‐tapping screws is given.
Identification of novel candidate compounds targeting TrkB to induce apoptosis in neuroblastoma
Authors: Nakamura Yohko , Suganami Akiko , Fukuda Mayu , Hasan Md. Kamrul , Yokochi Tomoki , Takatori Atsushi , Satoh Shunpei , Hoshino Tyuji , Tamura Yutaka , Nakagawara Akira 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most frequent solid tumors in children and its prognosis is still poor. The neurotrophin receptor TrkB and its ligand brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are expressed at high levels in high‐risk NBs and are involved in defining the poor prognosis of the patients. However, the TrkB targeting therapy has never been realized in the clinic. We performed an in silico screening procedure utilizing an AutoDock/grid computing technology in order to identify novel small chemical compounds targeting the BDNF‐binding domain of TrkB. For the first screening, a library of three million synthetic compounds was screened in silico and was ranked according to the Docking energy. The top‐ranked 37 compounds were further functionally screened for cytotoxicity by using NB cell lines. We have finally identified seven compounds that kill NB cells with the IC50 values of 0.07–4.6 μmol/L. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay showed that these molecules induce apoptosis accompanied by p53 activation in NB cell lines. The candidate compounds and BDNF demonstrated an antagonistic effect on cell growth, invasion, and colony formation, possibly suggesting competition at the BDNF‐binding site of TrkB. The candidate compounds had tumor‐suppressive activity in xenograft and in vivo toxicity tests (oral and intravenous administrations) using mice, and did not show any abnormal signs. Using in silico Docking screening we have found new candidate TrkB inhibitors against high‐risk NBs, which could lead to new anti‐cancer drugs.
Kinetic Explanation for the Temperature Dependence of the Regioselectivity in the Hydroformylation of Neohexene
Authors: Güven Sabriye , Nieuwenhuizen Marko M. L. , Hamers Bart , Franke Robert , Priske Markus , Becker Marc , Vogt Dieter 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe kinetics of Rh‐catalyzed neohexene hydroformylation were investigated with the bulky monodentate ligand tris(2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)phosphite. The hydrogenolysis of the Rh–acyl intermediate was identified as the rate‐limiting step for both the linear and the branched aldehydes. Rate equations for both aldehydes were derived and kinetic parameters were estimated. Increased aldehyde linearity at higher temperatures, frequently observed in hydroformylation, was elucidated by deuterioformylation experiments. These showed that at 100 °C the formation of linear Rh–alkyl was more reversible than the formation of the branched derivative. The ratio of linear to branched Rh–acyl species was determined by in situ high‐pressure IR spectroscopy experiments, which allowed the difference in the activation energies for the hydrogenolysis steps towards the aldehyde isomers to be quantified. The hydrogenolysis of Rh–acyl was found to be the step that caused the greatest temperature effect on the regioselectivity.
Solvent Migration in Microhydrated Aromatic Aggregates: Ionization‐Induced Site Switching in the 4‐Aminobenzonitrile–Water Cluster
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Schmies Matthias , Patzer Alexander , Miyazaki Mitsuhiko , Ishiuchi Shun‐ichi , Weiler Martin , Dopfer Otto , Fujii Masaaki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe dependence of the preferred microhydration sites of 4‐aminobenzonitrile (4ABN) on electronic excitation and ionization is determined through IR spectroscopy of its clusters with water (W) in a supersonic expansion and through quantum chemical calculations. IR spectra of neutral 4ABN and two isomers of its hydrogen‐bonded (H‐bonded) 4ABN–W complexes are obtained in the ground and first excited singlet states (S0, S1) through IR depletion spectroscopy associated with resonance‐enhanced multiphoton ionization. Spectral analysis reveals that electronic excitation does not change the H‐bonding motif of each isomer, that is, H2O binding either to the CN or the NH site of 4ABN, denoted as 4ABN–W(CN) and 4ABN–W(NH), respectively. The IR spectra of 4ABN+–W in the doublet cation ground electronic state (D0) are measured by generating them either in an electron ionization source (EI‐IR) or through resonant multiphoton ionization (REMPI‐IR). The EI‐IR spectrum shows only transitions of the most stable isomer of the cation, which is assigned to 4ABN+–W(NH). The REMPI‐IR spectrum obtained through isomer‐selective resonant photoionization of 4ABN–W(NH) is essentially the same as the EI‐IR spectrum. The REMPI‐IR spectrum obtained by ionizing 4ABN–W(CN) is also similar to that of the 4ABN+–W(NH) isomer, but differs from that calculated for 4ABN+–W(CN), indicating that the H2O ligand migrates from the CN to the NH site upon ionization with a yield of 100 %. The mechanism of this CN→NH site‐switching reaction is discussed in the light of the calculated potential energy surface and the role of intracluster vibrational energy redistribution.
Stable Isolated Metal Atoms as Active Sites for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xing Jun , Chen Jian Fu , Li Yu Hang , Yuan Wen Tao , Zhou Ying , Zheng Li Rong , Wang Hai Feng , Hu P. , Wang Yun , Zhao Hui Jun , Wang Yong , Yang Hua Gui 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe process of using solar energy to split water to produce hydrogen assisted by an inorganic semiconductor is crucial for solving our energy crisis and environmental problems in the future. However, most semiconductor photocatalysts would not exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity without loading suitable co‐catalysts. Generally, the noble metals have been widely applied as co‐catalysts, but always agglomerate during the loading process or photocatalytic reaction. Therefore, the utilization efficiency of the noble co‐catalysts is still very low on a per metal atom basis if no obvious size effect exists, because heterogeneous catalytic reactions occur on the surface active atoms. Here, for the first time, we have synthesized isolated metal atoms (Pt, Pd, Rh, or Ru) stably by anchoring on TiO2, a model photocatalystic system, by a facile one‐step method. The isolated metal atom based photocatalysts show excellent stability for H2 evolution and can lead to a 6–13‐fold increase in photocatalytic activity over the metal clusters loaded on TiO2 by the traditional method. Furthermore, the configurations of isolated atoms as well as the originality of their unusual stability were analyzed by a collaborative work from both experiments and theoretical calculations.