bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ein Register für Register und Kohorten: Empfehlungen zu Metadaten und Verfahrensregeln
Authors: Stausberg J. , Semler S. , Neugebauer E. A. M. 
Published: December 2014

ZusammenfassungRegister und Kohorten liefern eine wesentliche Grundlage für die patientenorientierte Forschung, insbesondere für die Versorgungsforschung. Das Registerportal soll Transparenz zu laufenden Registern und Kohorten in Deutschland schaffen, die Qualität der Vorhaben verbessern sowie Kommunikation und Kooperation von Registerbetreibern und Interessierten fördern. Metadaten sind diejenigen Merkmale, mit denen Register und Kohorten im Registerportal beschrieben werden. Mit einem überschaubaren Umfang an Informationen im Kerndatensatz soll eine möglichst zutreffende Beschreibung von Registern und Kohorten im Registerportal bei geringstmöglichem Aufwand bei der Erfassung der Informationen erreicht werden. Der Kerndatensatz basiert auf 26 Elementen, die in einem Konsensusverfahren (Delphi-Verfahren) unter Einbindung von Expertinnen und Experten der Arbeitsgruppe Register des Deutschen Netzwerks Versorgungsforschung (DNVF) e.V. sowie der Arbeitsgruppe IT-Infrastruktur und Qualitätsmanagement der TMF – Technologie- und Methodenplattform für die vernetzte medizinische Forschung e.V. herausgearbeitet wurden. Transparente Verfahrensregeln stellen Nachvollziehbarkeit und Verlässlichkeit der Dienstleitungen des Registerportals sicher. In einem Zwischenstand wurden sechs sogenannte Top-Level-Aufgaben und 37 Anwendungsszenarien definiert. Die Metadaten wurden bereits mit den Mitgliedsgesellschaften des DNVF abgestimmt. Metadaten und Verfahrensregeln bilden den Ausgangspunkt für weitere Schritte zur Umsetzung des Registerportals.
Lactosucrose attenuates intestinal inflammation by promoting Th2 cytokine production and enhancing CD86 expression in colitic rats
Authors: Zhou Yan , Ruan Zheng , Zhou Xiaoli , Huang Xiaoliu , Li Hua , Wang Ling , Zhang Cui , Deng Zeyuan , Wu Guoyao , Yin Yulong 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSome oligosaccharides have immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory functions in the intestine. This study investigated the immunoregulatory effect of lactosucrose (LS) on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitic rats. Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased but myeloperoxidase activity was decreased in the LS-TNBS group, as compared with the TNBS group (colitis rats without receiving LS). LS supplementation stimulated IL-4 and IL-10 production, while up-regulating CD86 expression in dendritic cells. LS supplementation reduced the ratio of CD80/CD86 and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 compared to the TNBS group. Moreover, IFN-γ was significantly correlated with CD80 (r = 0.764, p &lt; 0.01), whereas IL-4 was significantly correlated with CD86 (r = 0.489, p &lt; 0.05). These results indicated that LS attenuated colitis by promoting the production of Th2-type cytokines and rebalancing the ratio of Th1/Th2 and that enhanced IL-4 production is correlated with enhanced CD86 expression in the gut. Therefore, LS is a functional food for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
β-Lactamase inhibition by avibactam in Mycobacterium abscessus
Authors: Dubée Vincent , Bernut Audrey , Cortes Mélanie , Lesne Tiffany , Dorchene Delphine , Lefebvre Anne-Laure , Hugonnet Jean-Emmanuel , Gutmann Laurent , Mainardi Jean-Luc , Herrmann Jean-Louis , Gaillard Jean-Louis , Kremer Laurent , Arthur Michel 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Objectives
Two β-lactams, cefoxitin and imipenem, are part of the reference treatment for pulmonary infections with Mycobacterium abscessus. M. abscessus has recently been shown to produce a broad-spectrum β-lactamase, BlaMab, indicating that the combination of β-lactams with a BlaMab inhibitor may improve treatment efficacy. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of BlaMab production on the efficacy of β-lactams in vitro and to assess the benefit of BlaMab inhibition on the activity of β-lactams intracellularly and in an animal model.

Methods
We analysed the mechanism and kinetics of BlaMab inactivation by avibactam, a non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor currently in Phase III of development, in combination with ceftazidime for the treatment of serious infections due to Gram-negative bacteria. We then deleted the gene encoding BlaMab to assess the extent of BlaMab inhibition by avibactam based on a comparison of the impact of chemical and genetic inactivation. Finally, the efficacy of amoxicillin in combination with avibactam was evaluated in cultured human macrophages and in a zebrafish model of M. abscessus infection.

Results
We showed that avibactam efficiently inactivated BlaMab via the reversible formation of a covalent adduct. An inhibition of BlaMab by avibactam was observed in both infected macrophages and zebrafish.

Conclusions
Our data identify avibactam as the first efficient inhibitor of BlaMab and strongly suggest that β-lactamase inhibition should be evaluated to provide improved therapeutic options for M. abscessus infections.
Cyanobacterial distributions along a physico‐chemical gradient in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Sudek Sebastian , Everroad R. Craig , Gehman Alyssa‐Lois M. , Smith Jason M. , Poirier Camille L. , Chavez Francisco P. , Worden Alexandra Z. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus are important marine primary producers. We explored their distributions and covariance along a physico‐chemical gradient from coastal to open ocean waters in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean. An inter‐annual pattern was delineated in the dynamic transition zone where upwelled and eastern boundary current waters mix, and two new Synechococcus clades, Eastern Pacific Clade (EPC) 1 and EPC2, were identified. By applying state‐of‐the‐art phylogenetic analysis tools to bar‐coded 16S amplicon datasets, we observed higher abundance of Prochlorococcus high‐light I (HLI) and low‐light I (LLI) in years when more oligotrophic water intruded farther inshore, while under stronger upwelling Synechococcus I and IV dominated. However, contributions of some cyanobacterial clades were proportionally relatively constant, e.g. Synechococcus EPC2. In addition to supporting observations that Prochlorococcus LLI thrive at higher irradiances than other LL taxa, the results suggest LLI tolerate lower temperatures than previously reported. The phylogenetic precision of our 16S rRNA gene analytical approach and depth of bar‐coded sequencing also facilitated detection of clades at low abundance in unexpected places. These include Prochlorococcus at the coast and Cyanobium‐related sequences offshore, although it remains unclear whether these came from resident or potentially advected cells. Our study enhances understanding of cyanobacterial distributions in an ecologically important eastern boundary system.
Current role of rituximab in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Mok Chi Chiu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by periods of flares and remission, resulting in organ damage over time caused by persistent disease activity and treatment‐related complications. Conventional therapies are not ideal in terms of efficacy and safety. Novel biological therapies are being developed to enhance therapeutic efficacy, minimize disease exacerbation and reduce toxicities. As dysregulation of B cells is the hallmark of SLE, B‐cell targeted therapies are the focus of recent clinical research. Rituximab, a chimeric anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody, has been used with success in recalcitrant lupus manifestations. However, randomized controlled trials have failed to reveal its benefit in renal and non‐renal SLE when combined with conventional immunosuppressive protocols. Although heterogeneity of SLE manifestations, pitfalls in study design and the limitations of the assessment tools for various clinical end points may have contributed to the discouraging results, rituximab remains an option in patients who are refractory or intolerant to conventional therapies. Recently, a regimen consisting of rituximab and mycophenolate mofetil without oral corticosteroids was reported to be effective in lupus nephritis. While the efficacy of this regimen has to be confirmed, future controlled trials should focus on the efficacy of rituximab in refractory lupus manifestations and its synergistic effect with other immunosuppressive agents such as cyclophosphamide. In short‐term randomized controlled trials, a non‐significant increase in serious adverse events was observed in SLE patients treated with rituximab. Long‐term safety data of rituximab in SLE, in particular the incidence of hypogammaglobulinemia and serious/opportunistic infections, have to be continuously surveyed.
Differential regulation of mGlu5R and ΜOPr by priming‐ and cue‐induced reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking behaviour in mice
Authors: Georgiou Polymnia , Zanos Panos , Ehteramyan Mazdak , Hourani Susanna , Kitchen Ian , Maldonado Rafael , Bailey Alexis 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe key problem for the treatment of drug addiction is relapse to drug use after abstinence that can be triggered by drug‐associated cues, re‐exposure to the drug itself and stress. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying relapse is essential in order to develop effective pharmacotherapies for its prevention. Given the evidence implicating the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5R), μ‐opioid receptor (MOPr), κ‐opioid receptor (ΚOPr) and oxytocin receptor (OTR) systems in cocaine addiction and relapse, our aim was to assess the modulation of these receptors using a mouse model of cue‐ and priming‐induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Male mice were trained to self‐administer cocaine (1 mg/kg/infusion, i.v.) and were randomized into different groups: (1) cocaine self‐administration; (2) cocaine extinction; (3) cocaine‐primed (10 mg/kg i.p.); or (4) cue‐induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Mice undergoing the same protocols but receiving saline instead of cocaine were used as controls. Quantitative autoradiography of mGlu5R, MOPr, KOPr and OTR showed a persistent cocaine‐induced upregulation of the mGlu5R and OTR in the lateral septum and central amygdala, respectively. Moreover, a downregulation of mGlu5R and MOPr was observed in the basolateral amygdala and striatum, respectively. Further, we showed that priming‐ but not cue‐induced reinstatement upregulates mGlu5R and MOPr binding in the nucleus accumbens core and basolateral amygdala, respectively, while cue‐ but not priming‐induced reinstatement downregulates MOPr binding in caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens core. This is the first study to provide direct evidence of reinstatement‐induced receptor alterations that are likely to contribute to the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning relapse to cocaine seeking.
The prevalence of NAFLD and NASH among patients with psoriasis in a tertiary care dermatology and rheumatology clinic
Authors: Roberts K. K. , Cochet A. E. , Lamb P. B. , Brown P. J. , Battafarano D. F. , Brunt E. M. , Harrison S. A. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryBackgroundPsoriasis has been linked to metabolic syndrome and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Data suggest that the prevalence of NAFLD is increased in patients with psoriasis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of NAFLD in this patient population.AimTo determine the prevalence of both NAFLD and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in patients with psoriasis.MethodsPatients between the ages of 18 and 70 years with a diagnosis of psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis and followed by either the Dermatology or Rheumatology Division within the Department of Medicine at San Antonio Military Medical Center were considered for enrollment. Each patient completed a questionnaire, underwent a thorough skin evaluation, and had a right upper quadrant ultrasound and fasting blood work. If the liver enzymes were elevated or fatty liver detected on imaging, percutaneous liver biopsy was recommended.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐nine patients were enrolled and 103 completed all necessary studies. The participants were predominantly middle aged (52.7 ± 12) and overweight or obese (average BMI 30.1 ± 5.9, range: 19.8–52.5 kg/m2). 53% (n = 54) were male while 15% (n = 15) of participants identified themselves as being a diabetic. The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 47%. The overall prevalence of NASH was 22% in those who underwent biopsy.ConclusionsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is very common among our cohort of patients with psoriasis, occurring in roughly 47% of patients. The more progressive form of the disease, NASH, is found in approximately one in five patients. Health care providers should be mindful of this association given the high prevalence of both NAFLD and NASH in this cohort of patients.
Effect of probiotic bacteria‐fermented medicinal plants (Gynura procumbens, Rehmannia glutinosa, Scutellaria baicalensis) as performance enhancers in growing pigs
Authors: Jeong Jin Suk , Kim In Ho 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of mixed fermented medicinal plants (FMP) obtained from exudates of Gynura procumbens, Rehmannia glutinosa and Scutellaria baicalensis fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively, on growth performance in growing pigs in order to assess the feasibility of using FMP as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP), such as tiamulin. A total of 150 growing pigs (body wieght 25.50 ± 2.50 kg) were used in a 6 weeks experiment and randomly divided into five groups with six replicates of five growing pigs each. The treatments were NC (basal diet), basal diet with 33 ppm tiamulin (PC), basal diet with FMP 0.05% (FMP 0.05), basal diet with FMP 0.1% (FMP 0.1) and basal diet with FMP 0.2% (FMP 0.2). Overall, body weight gain, feed conversion rate, the digestibility of dry matter and gross energy, noxious gas emission all improved with FMP supplementation as compared to NC. Taken together, these results suggest the feasibility of using FMP as an alternative to AGP for enhancing the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and excreta noxious gas emission of growing pigs.
The longitudinal course of sleep timing and circadian preferences in adults with bipolar disorder
Authors: Seleem Mohammad A , Merranko John A , Goldstein Tina R , Goldstein Benjamin I , Axelson David A , Brent David A , Nimgaonkar Vishwajit L , Diler Rasim S , Sakolsky Dara J , Kupfer David J , Birmaher Boris 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesTo study the longitudinal course of sleep timing and circadian preferences in individuals with bipolar disorder (BP) compared to individuals with non‐BP psychopathology and healthy controls.MethodsIndividuals with bipolar I and bipolar II disorder (n = 257), non‐BP psychopathology (n = 105), and healthy controls (n = 55) (mean age 40.2 years, 21.3% male, 85.1% Caucasian) were followed on average every 27 months for a mean of four years. Sleep timing parameters and circadian preference were reported using the Sleep Timing Questionnaire and The Composite Scale for Morningness. Group comparisons were adjusted for multiple comparisons and between‐group differences in demographic variables and psychopharmacological treatment.ResultsRegardless of their current mood state, individuals with BP showed more sleep onset latency (SOL), wakening after sleep onset (WASO), and evening preference in comparison to both individuals with non‐BP psychopathology and healthy controls. Individuals with BP also showed less stability of bed and awakening times in comparison to the other two groups, though these results were dependent on mood state. Non‐BP individuals only showed more WASO and less stability in bed and awakening times before work/school days than healthy controls. Adjusting for comorbid disorders yielded similar results. Within‐group analyses found little to no effect of time and BP subtype on sleep timing and circadian preference.ConclusionsDisturbances of sleep timing are prominent in individuals with BP. These disturbances are worse during mood episodes, but still apparent during euthymic periods. Evening preference was not associated with polarity type, or mood state in BP, suggesting that this characteristic may be a trait marker.
Pregnancy outcome in patients with sickle cell disease in the UK – a national cohort study comparing sickle cell anaemia (HbSS) with HbSC disease
Authors: Oteng‐Ntim Eugene , Ayensah Benjamin , Knight Marian , Howard Jo 
Published: December 2014

SummaryWe describe the findings from a national study of maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy in women with sickle cell disease (SCD). Data were collected via the United Kingdom Obstetric Surveillance System between 1 February 2010 and 31 January 2011 from 109 women, of whom 51 (46·8%) had HbSS and 44 (40·4%) had HbSC. Data included antenatal, maternal and fetal outcomes. Comparisons were made between women with HbSS and HbSC. Incidence of complications were acute pain (57%), blood transfusion (26%), urinary tract infection (UTI; 12%) and critical care unit admission (23%) and these were all more common in women with HbSS than HbSC. There was no difference in the incidence of acute chest syndrome, hypertension and venous thromboembolism between HbSS and HbSC. Women with HbSS were more likely to deliver at <37 weeks gestation (P = 0·01) and their babies were more likely to have reduced birth weight. Delivery at <34 weeks was increased in both HbSS and HbSC women (5·9% vs. 4·6%) compared to national data. This study confirms a high rate of maternal and fetal complications in mothers with SCD, even in women with HbSC, which has previously been considered to have a more benign phenotype in pregnancy.
Opioid receptors and cardioprotection – ‘opioidergic conditioning’ of the heart
Authors: Headrick John P , See Hoe Louise E , Du Toit Eugene F , Peart Jason N 
Published: December 2014

Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) remains a major cause of morbidity/mortality globally, firmly established in Westernized or ‘developed’ countries and rising in prevalence in developing nations. Thus, cardioprotective therapies to limit myocardial damage with associated ischaemia–reperfusion (I–R), during infarction or surgical ischaemia, is a very important, although still elusive, clinical goal. The opioid receptor system, encompassing the δ (vas deferens), κ (ketocyclazocine) and μ (morphine) opioid receptors and their endogenous opioid ligands (endorphins, dynorphins, enkephalins), appears as a logical candidate for such exploitation. This regulatory system may orchestrate organism and organ responses to stress, induces mammalian hibernation and associated metabolic protection, triggers powerful adaptive stress resistance in response to ischaemia/hypoxia (preconditioning), and mediates cardiac benefit stemming from physical activity. In addition to direct myocardial actions, central opioid receptor signalling may also enhance the ability of the heart to withstand I–R injury. The δ‐ and κ‐opioid receptors are strongly implicated in cardioprotection across models and species (including anti‐infarct and anti‐arrhythmic actions), with mixed evidence for μ opioid receptor‐dependent protection in animal and human tissues. A small number of clinical trials have provided evidence of cardiac benefit from morphine or remifentanil in cardiopulmonary bypass or coronary angioplasty patients, although further trials of subtype‐specific opioid receptor agonists are needed. The precise roles and utility of this GPCR family in healthy and diseased human myocardium, and in mediating central and peripheral survival responses, warrant further investigation, as do the putative negative influences of ageing, IHD co‐morbidities, and relevant drugs on opioid receptor signalling and protective responses.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Conditioning the Heart – Pathways to Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue‐8
Sequential healing at implants installed immediately into extraction sockets. An experimental study in dogs
Authors: Mainetti Tomaso , Lang Niklaus P. , Bengazi Franco , Favero Vittorio , Soto Cantero Luis , Botticelli Daniele 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the sequential healing at implants installed in a healed alveolar bony ridge or immediately after tooth extraction without functional load.Material and methodsIn the mandible of 12 dogs, the mesial roots of the first molars were endodontically treated, the tooth hemisected, and the distal roots extracted. After 3 months, the mesial roots of the fourth premolars were endodontically treated, the tooth hemisected, and the distal roots extracted in one side of the mandible. Implants were placed immediately into extraction sockets (IPIES) of the fourth premolar and in the healed sites in the molar regions. Healing abutments were placed, and the flaps were sutured to allow a non‐submerged healing. The time of surgery and of sacrifices were planned in such a way to obtain biopsies representing the healing after 1 and 2 weeks and 1 and 3 months, respectively. Ground sections were prepared for histological evaluation of tissues components on the implant surface and the coronal termination level of osseointegration (M‐B).ResultsNew bone apposition on the implant surface was slightly higher at the healed compared to the IPIES sites, being 7.4% and 4.1% after 1 week, and 67.3% and 65.3% after 3 months, respectively. Old bone was progressively resorbed, from 27.0% and 21.9% after 1 week, to 2.5% and 2.0% after 3 months, at healed and IPIES sites, respectively. M‐B was 1.4 mm and 2.6 mm after 1 week, 1.2 mm and 1.2 mm after 3 months, at healed and IPIES sites, respectively.ConclusionsSimilar patterns of sequential osseointegration were found at implants installed in healed alveolar bone or in alveolar sockets immediately after tooth extraction. The coronal termination level of osseointegration, that was different after 1 week, was found similar at the 3‐month observation.