bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wasserundurchlässige Bauwerke aus Beton
Authors: Rohr‐Suchalla Katrin , Wolfgramm Boris 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie mangelfreie Abdichtung eines Bauwerks ist für dessen Verwendungseignung von entscheidender Bedeutung, sodass die Anforderungen an die Planung und Ausführung von wasserundurchlässigen Bauwerken nach der Rechtsprechung sehr hoch sind. Um Schäden und eine Haftung zu vermeiden, müssen die am Bau Beteiligten die an sie gestellten Anforderungen berücksichtigen.Der Auftraggeber hat die Möglichkeit, dem ausführenden Unternehmen eine konkrete Beschaffenheit des Werkes vorzugeben, die auch über den anerkannten Regeln der Technik liegen kann. Erfolgt die Vorgabe einer über den anerkannten Regeln der Technik liegenden Ausführung, ist diese Vorgabe für die Beurteilung der Mangelfreiheit maßgeblich.Der vom Auftraggeber mit der Planung beauftragte Architekt hat im Rahmen von WU‐Konstruktionen ohne abweichende Vereinbarung immer diejenige Variante zu planen, bei der er völlig sicher sein kann, dass sie den im Einzelfall zu stellenden Anforderungen genügt.Impermeable concrete constructions – Legal considerationsEnsuring defect‐free sealing of a building is of utmost importance if it is to be fit for use. As a result, the requirements imposed by German case law on the planning and execution of impermeable buildings under case law are very high. To avoid damage and liability the parties involved in construction must take account of the requirements they are expected to fulfil.The principal may specify the attributes and the quality (Beschaffenheit) of the building to the contractor. These may go beyond the recognised rules of technology, in which case this will be a decisive factor in judging whether the construction is free of defects.The architect commissioned by the principal to design the impermeable construction must always choose the safest planning option, which he can be entirely sure will satisfy the specific requirements.
Grundlagen der Bemessung von WU‐Bauwerken
Authors: Mayer Till Felix 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie WU‐Bauweise hat sich für wasserberührte Bauwerke über Jahrzehnte als robuste, leistungsfähige und wirtschaftliche Alternative zu Konstruktionen mit außenliegender Abdichtung bewährt. Die Planung und die Ausführung derartiger WU‐Konstruktionen sind in Deutschland seit 2006 in der WU‐Richtlinie des Deutschen Ausschusses für Stahlbeton geregelt. In diesem Beitrag werden die Grundlagen der Bemessung von WU‐Konstruktionen nach WU‐Richtlinie dargestellt.Design of watertight concrete structuresFor structures in direct contact with water, the construction of watertight concrete structures has over the past decades been established as a robust, efficient and economical alternative to constructions with an external waterproofing. Design and execution of watertight concrete structures in Germany is regulated by the DAfStb guideline on watertight concrete structures (WU‐Richtlinie) This paper presents the fundamentals of the design of watertight concrete structures according to the WU‐Richtlinie.
Wasserundurchlässige Bauwerke aus Beton
Authors: Freimann Thomas 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWasserundurchlässige Bauwerke erfordern besondere betontechnologische und ausführungstechnische Maßnahmen, um sicher die Gebrauchstauglichkeit des Bauwerks zu erzielen. Planungsgrößen wie Druckgefälle, Entwurfskonzept oder Fugenplanung beeinflussen sowohl die Bauteilkonstruktion als auch die Betonfestlegungen. In der Ausführung sind grundsätzliche Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung der Eigen‐ und Zwangsspannungen ebenso bedeutsam wie Detailfragen zum richtigen Einbau von Einbauteilen und Bewehrungszulagen. Bei WU‐Bauwerken ist ein hohes Maß an Sorgfalt beim Betoneinbau und der fachgerechten Verdichtung erforderlich. Nachbehandlungsmaßnahmen sind stets zu planen und in ihrer Auswirkung auf die Eigenspannung im Bauteil zu bewerten. Überwachungsmaßnahmen sollten neben den Normvorgaben auch die Kontrolle wesentlicher Ausführungsschritte und eine Dokumentation hierüber umfassen.Waterproof concrete construction – execution procedures and comments of concrete technologyFor usability of waterproof concrete constructions special efforts on concrete technology and building construction work are needed. The parameters of the building construction and concrete design are influenced by the differences in hydrostatic pressure, design concept or types of sealing. During execution important preparations for reducing the internal stresses and constraint have to be considered. Sometimes additional reinforcement positions are necessary.Correct placing and compacting of concrete must be carefully done. Curing has to be planned to avoid unwanted tensions or cracks. Quality checks should include the control and documentation of important parts of the building process.
Planung und Ausführung von Elementwänden bei drückendem Wasser
Authors: Hohmann Rainer 
Published: October 2014

AbstractElementwände im drückenden Grundwasser erfordern eine besondere Sorgfalt bei der Planung, Ausführung und Überwachung. In dem Beitrag werden grundlegende Hinweise für Planung und Umgang mit Elementwänden gegeben, typische Fehler aufgezeigt und Hinweise zur deren Vermeidung gegeben.Design and Assembly of Double Wall Systems used in Pressing GroundwaterThe use of double wall systems in a pressing groundwater requires a special care during design, execution and supervision. In this contribution basic instructions are given for designing and assembling of double walls, typical faults are indicated and instructions are given to their avoidance.
Ermittlung des Bemessungswasserstandes
Authors: von Grabczewski Hubert 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSeit jeher werden Regeln und Normen genutzt, um die Gebrauchstauglichkeit für die uneingeschränkte Nutzung und für den vorhergesehenen Zweck einer baulichen Anlage zu gewährleisten. Trotz dieser klaren Kenntnisse nehmen in den letzten Jahren Feuchteschäden an Gebäuden erheblich und mit steigender Tendenz zu. Neben Ausführungsfehlern wurden Planungsfehler als Hauptursache der Feuchteschäden erkannt. Hierbei sind die vorliegenden Wasser‐ und Bodenverhältnisse, insbesondere der Bemessungswasserstand, von maßgeblicher Bedeutung.Obwohl alle Regelwerke darauf hinweisen, dass jedem Planer vor Planungsbeginn die am Bauwerkstandort vorliegenden Wasser‐ und Bodenverhältnisse und die sich daraus ergebenden Interaktionen zwischen Boden, Feuchte, Wasser und Bauwerk bekannt sein müssen, werden Planungen heute noch vielfach basierend auf ungesicherten Erkenntnissen und Annahmen erstellt. Bei dieser Vorgehensweise ist dem Zufall überlassen, ob schadenauslösende Planungen und Bauausführungen erstellt werden. Dadurch erhöhen Planer erheblich ihr Schicksal, in Verantwortung genommen zu werden.In Folgendem soll daher dargestellt werden, welche Randbedingungen bei der Ermittlung der Planungsgrundlage “Bemessungswasserstand” für eine Bauwerksplanung zu beachten sind und wo Planerfallen lauern.Measurement of the design water level – A planning obligation or a planner's fateRegulations and norms have always been used to ensure the suitability of a construction for unrestricted use and for the intended purpose. Despite this clear knowledge, moisture damage to buildings has been increasing at a considerable rate in recent years. Alongside execution errors, planning errors have been found to be the primary cause of moisture damage. In this context, existing water and soil conditions, in particular the design water level, are of particular importance.Even though all rules and standards indicate that every planner must be aware of the existing water and soil conditions at the construction site, as well as the resulting interaction between soil, moisture, water and the structure, before the beginning of planning, planning is still currently frequently undertaken on the basis of uncertain knowledge and assumptions. If assumptions and uncertain knowledge of design water levels are used as the basis for planning, it is obvious that such an approach will result in planning and construction that leads to subsequent damage. Planners thereby increase their own likelihood of being held responsible.What follows is an explanation of which general conditions must be taken into consideration when determining the ”design water level" planning basis and what traps may await planners.
Das Geheimnis des roten Herbstlaubes
Authors: Krupinska Karin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie herbstliche Laubfärbung bei Bäumen und Sträuchern der gemäßigten Klimazonen ist ein spektakuläres Phänomen. Entscheidend für die Gelbfärbung der Blätter ist der Abbau der grünen Chlorophylle, die vor dem Herbst die gelb bis orange gefärbten Carotinoide überdecken. Der Abbau der Chlorophylle schafft die Voraussetzungen zum störungsfreien Abbau von Chloroplastenproteinen und zur Rückgewinnung wertvollen Stickstoffs aus den Aminosäuren, den Bausteinen der Proteine. Für die Rotfärbung der Blätter, die nur bei einigen Arten auftritt, sind Anthocyane verantwortlich. Anthocyane können den Photosyntheseapparat durch Abschirmung von überschüssigem Licht schützen. Sie können aber auch den Befall durch Insekten, vor allem Läuse, verringern.
Der Sonderweg der Rippenquallen
Authors: Kronberg Inge 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie Genomanalyse von Rippenquallen deutet darauf hin, dass ihr Nervensystem unabhängig von dem aller anderen Tiere entstanden ist. Auch die Gene, welche bei ihnen Entwicklung und Immunabwehr steuern, sind nicht mit denen anderer Tierstämme vergleichbar. Das wirft ein neues Licht auf die Stammesentwicklung der Metazoa.
Systematic review of live surgical demonstrations and their effectiveness on training
Authors: Brunckhorst O , Challacombe B , Abboudi H , Khan M S , Dasgupta P , Ahmed K 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background
Live surgical demonstrations are commonly performed for surgical conferences. These live procedures have recently come under scrutiny, in particular with issues pertaining to patient safety. This systematic review aimed to explore the evidence for live surgery as a training tool, and to investigate the safety of live surgical broadcasts.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases were searched using a predefined search strategy from January 1980 to October 2013. Specialty Societies and primary Colleges of Surgeons were searched for guidelines or position statements on live surgical teaching.

Results
Educational value criteria demonstrated for live surgery included feasibility, acceptability, construct and concurrent validity. Complication rates during live procedures were not compromised in the majority of studies. Patient safety, however, may be affected during live procedures as success rates have been found to be lower in some studies. Only Cardiothoracic, Urology and Vascular Surgical Societies currently offer guidelines on conducting live surgical demonstrations.

Conclusion
Little evidence exists on the safety and educational value of live surgery, with few studies of high quality conducted. Guidance on live procedures is scarce, with only three major surgical specialties offering any advice. More needs to be done to establish and promote evidence for the value of live surgery demonstrations.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling of (2‐Azaaryl)methyl Anion Equivalents with (Hetero)Aryl Bromides
Authors: Jusseau Xavier , Yin Hongfei , Lindhardt Anders T. , Skrydstrup Troels 
Published: October 2014

AbstractConditions for the palladium‐catalyzed coupling of (2‐pyridyl)acetones with aryl bromides have been developed. Followed by an acid‐promoted deacetylation step, the desired 1‐(het)aryl‐2‐(2‐pyridyl)ethanones were obtained in good to excellent yields with high functional group tolerance. Test reactions revealed that both the addition of MgCl2 and a specifically positioned heteroatom in the heteroaromatic ring were crucial for product formation indicating the importance of a chelated intermediate in the reaction mechanism. The reaction conditions proved suitable for a number of 5‐ and 6‐membered heteroaromatic starting materials affording all products in good yields. The utility of the obtained 1‐(het)aryl‐2‐(2‐pyridyl)ethanones was demonstrated by the straightforward synthesis of several multiaromatic derivatives in only few additional steps.
Iridium Complexes Containing Mesoionic C Donors: Selective C(sp3)H versus C(sp2)H Bond Activation, Reactivity Towards Acids and Bases, and Catalytic Oxidation of Silanes and Water
Authors: Petronilho Ana , Woods James A. , Mueller‐Bunz Helge , Bernhard Stefan , Albrecht Martin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMetalation of a C2‐methylated pyridylimidazolium salt with [IrCp*Cl2]2 affords either an ylidic complex, resulting from C(sp3)H bond activation of the C2‐bound CH3 group if the metalation is performed in the presence of a base, such as AgO2 or Na2CO3, or a mesoionic complex via cyclometalation and thermally induced heterocyclic C(sp2)H bond activation, if the reaction is performed in the absence of a base. Similar cyclometalation and complex formation via C(sp2)H bond activation is observed when the heterocyclic ligand precursor consists of the analogous pyridyltriazolium salt, that is, when the metal bonding at the C2 position is blocked by a nitrogen rather than a methyl substituent. Despite the strongly mesoionic character of both the imidazolylidene and the triazolylidene, the former reacts rapidly with D+ and undergoes isotope exchange at the heterocyclic C5 position, whereas the triazolylidene ligand is stable and only undergoes H/D exchange under basic conditions, where the imidazolylidene is essentially unreactive. The high stability of the IrC bond in aqueous solution over a broad pH range was exploited in catalytic water oxidation and silane oxidation. The catalytic hydrosilylation of ketones proceeds with turnover frequencies as high as 6 000 h−1 with both the imidazolylidene and the triazolylidene system, whereas water oxidation is enhanced by the stronger donor properties of the imidazol‐4‐ylidene ligands and is more than three times faster than with the triazolylidene analogue.
Redesigning the DNA‐Targeted Chromophore in Platinum–Acridine Anticancer Agents: A Structure–Activity Relationship Study
Authors: Pickard Amanda J. , Liu Fang , Bartenstein Thomas F. , Haines Laura G. , Levine Keith E. , Kucera Gregory L. , Bierbach Ulrich 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPlatinum–acridine hybrid agents show low‐nanomolar potency in chemoresistant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but high systemic toxicity in vivo. To reduce the promiscuous genotoxicity of these agents and improve their pharmacological properties, a modular build–click–screen approach was used to evaluate a small library of twenty hybrid agents containing truncated and extended chromophores of varying basicities. Selected derivatives were resynthesized and tested in five NSCLC cell lines representing large cell, squamous cell, and adenocarcinomas. 7‐Aminobenz[c]acridine was identified as a promising scaffold in a hybrid agent (P1–B1) that maintained submicromolar activity in several of the DNA‐repair proficient and p53‐mutant cancer models, while showing improved tolerability in mice by 32‐fold compared to the parent platinum–acridine (P1–A1). The distribution and DNA/RNA adduct levels produced by the acridine‐ and benz[c]acridine‐based analogues in NCI‐H460 cells (confocal microscopy, ICP‐MS), and their ability to bind G‐quadruplex forming DNA sequences (CD spectroscopy, HR‐ESMS) were studied. P1–B1 emerges as a less genotoxic, more tolerable, and potentially more target‐selective hybrid agent than P1–A1.
DNA‐Binding Properties of Amidine‐Substituted Spiropyran Photoswitches
Authors: Hammarson Martin , Nilsson Jesper R. , Li Shiming , Lincoln Per , Andréasson Joakim 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTwo amidine‐substituted spiropyran derivatives have been characterized with respect to the DNA‐binding properties over a broad pH interval. The two derivatives differ in the number of positive charges. By varying the pH, the protonation state of the derivatives is also changed, allowing for additional variations in the charge distribution. We show that the closed spiro isomer does not bind for either of the two derivatives, whereas the open merocyanine forms bind both in the protonated and in the nonprotonated state, but with dramatically different binding constants. Flow‐oriented linear dichroism (LD) measurements also show that there are differences in the binding modes between the various forms. We rationalize these differences in terms of structure and charge distribution.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of RE5Ir2X (RE: Y, Gd—Ho, X: Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi) and Magnetocaloric Characterization of Gd5Ir2X.
Authors: Schaefer Konrad , Schwickert Christian , Niehaus Oliver , Winter Florian , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSystematic phase analytical studies of Ln—Ir—M systems (Ln: Y, Gd—Ho, M: Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi) afford 15 new compounds of composition Ln5Ir2M.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanochemical Synthesis of Layered Perovskite Structured Fluorides A2MF4 (A: K, Rb; M: Co, Cu, Mg) and Their Transformation to AMF3 Phase by Mechanical Activation.
Authors: Singh Poonam , Rawat Pooja , Nagarajan Rajamani 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe layered perovskite type fluorides of title are prepared by stoichiometric reaction of the respective metal fluorides at room temperature by simply using an agate pestle and mortar.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Bromoenynamides to Tricyclic Azacycles: Synthesis of Trikentrin‐Like Frameworks.
Authors: Campbell Craig D. , Greenaway Rebecca L. , Holton Oliver T. , Chapman Helen A. , Anderson Edward A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCascade reaction of bromoenynamides such as (I) and (V) equipped with an additional alkyne or ynamide substituent affords azatricyclic products (II) and (VI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfite Formation versus Chlorination of Benzyl Alcohols with Thionyl Chloride.
Authors: Rodriguez Deana A. , Priefer Ronny 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAttempted synthesis of bis(p‐methoxybenzyl)sulfite from the corresponding benzylalcohol and thionyl chloride reveals that the literature procedure contrary to other p‐substituted benzylalcohols gives the benzyl chloride instead of the expected sulfite.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Oxo‐2,5‐cyclopentadiene Using Multi‐Component Reactions of Primary Amines and Electron Deficient Acetylenic Compounds with Triphenylphosphine in Water.
Authors: Seyfi Samereh , Rostami‐Charati Faramarz , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Zardoost Mohammad R. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract7 Cyclopentadiene derivatives of type (IV) are prepared using a multicomponent reaction of primary amines and electron‐deficient acetylenic compounds with triphenylphosphine in water.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Access to Cyclooctanoid Ring Systems via Microwave‐Assisted Tandem 6‐exo dig Cyclization—Rearrangement Sequence.
Authors: Feldman Aaron W. , Ovaska Sami I. , Ovaska Timo V. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIt is demonstrated that terminal cyano‐substituted 5‐alkyn‐1‐ol systems serve as versatile precursors to a variety of cyclooctenone derivatives via one‐pot base‐catalyzed oxyanionic 6‐exo dig cyclization/Claisen rearrangement sequence under microwave irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Ligand Cooperation on a Diruthenium Platform: Selective Imine Formation Through Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling of Alcohols with Amines.
Authors: Saha Biswajit , Wahidur Rahaman S. M. , Daw Prosenjit , Sengupta Gargi , Bera Jitendra K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA newly synthesized diruthenium complex bridged by a naphthyridine‐functionalized N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand, is found to be active for the acceptorless dehydrogenation coupling of alcohols into aldehydes under base‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Radical Amination of Aldehydic C(sp2)—H Bonds with Fluoroaryl Azides via Co(II)‐Based Metalloradical Catalysis: Synthesis of N‐Fluoroaryl Amides from Aldehydes under Neutral and Nonoxidative Conditions.
Authors: Jin Li‐Mei , Lu Hongjian , Cui Yuan , Lizardi Christopher L. , Arzua Thiago N. , Wojtas Lukasz , Cui Xin , Zhang X. Peter 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis approach represents the first example of aldehydic C—H amination with aryl azides.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Functionalized Imidazoles as Palladium Ligands: An Efficient and Robust Catalytic System for the Fluorine‐Free Hiyama Reaction.
Authors: Martinez Regina , Pastor Isidro M. , Yus Miguel 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAn imidazole derivative is found to be an efficient ligand for the Pd‐catalyzed coupling of aryl bromides and chlorides with aryl siloxanes using microwave irradiation under fluorine‐free and solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Dihydrofurans and Cyclopentenols with Tertiary Stereocenters.
Authors: Wu Zhongtao , Madduri Ashoka V. R. , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R. , Minnaard Adriaan J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNew, efficient, and stereoselective methods to prepare the title compounds are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Metal‐Free Route to CF3‐Containing Oxindoles by PhI(OAc)2‐Mediated Trifluoromethylation of N‐Arylacrylamides with TMSCF3.
Authors: Fu Weijun , Xu Fengjuan , Fu Yuqin , Xu Chen , Li Shihui , Zou Dapeng 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNotable features of the title process are functional group tolerance, operational simplicity, and mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Counterion Effects in the Catalytic Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,3′‐Pyrrolidinyl Spirooxindoles.
Authors: MacDonald Jacob P. , Shupe Benjamin H. , Schreiber John D. , Franz Annaliese K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA Lewis acid‐catalyzed stereoselective [3 + 2] annulation of crotylsilanes (II) and (V) with iminooxindoles (I) is reported providing access to pyrrolidinyl spirooxindoles (III) and (VI), resp., with four stereocenters.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel and Efficient Synthesis of 4‐Indazolyl‐1,3,4‐trisubstituted Pyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: Hote Baliram S. , Lokhande Pradeep D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA simple, convenient and efficient method for the preparation of novel functionalized 4‐indazolyl‐ and isoxazolyl‐substituted pyrazole derivatives via condensation of 2‐acetylcyclohexanone derivatives (III) with hydrazine or hydroxylamine, resp., is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 5‐Substituted Hydantoins and Symmetrical Twin‐Drug Type Hydantoin Derivatives.
Authors: Fujisaki Fumiko , Aki Hatsumi , Naito Ayumi , Fukami Enko , Kashige Nobuhiro , Miake Fumio , Sumoto Kunihiro 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNew 5‐substituted hydantoins (III) and (IV) and symmetrical twin‐drug type hydantoin derivatives (VII) are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Substituted‐2‐aminobenzothiazoles Using Nano Copper Oxide as a Recyclable Catalyst under Ligand‐Free Conditions, in Reusable PEG‐400 Medium.
Authors: Gaddam Satish , Kasireddy Harshavardhan Reddy , Konkala Karnakar , Katla Ramesh , Durga Nageswar Yadavalli Venkata 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOptimum reaction conditions are examined for the synthesis of N‐substituted 2‐aminobenzothiazoles catalyzed by CuO nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Cascade Assembling of Salicylaldehydes and Cyanoacetates: Fast and Efficient Approach to Medicinally Relevant 2‐Amino‐4H‐chromene Scaffold.
Authors: Elinson Michail N. , Nasybullin Ruslan F. , Ryzhkov Fedor V. , Zaimovskaya Tatiana A. , Egorov Mikhail P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA facile, efficient, and environmentally benign synthesis of 2‐aminochromene derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Aromatic C—H Insertion of α‐Diazo β‐Ketoesters: Synthesis of 4‐Carbonyl Chroman Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Lei Mei , Zhang Yi‐Nan , Hu Li‐Hong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA direct intramolecular carbene insertion into aromatic C‐H bonds is presented to construct 4‐carbonyl chromans.