bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baclofen did not modify sexually dimorphic c‐Fos expression during morphine withdrawal syndrome
Authors: Pedrón Valeria T. , Taravini Irene R.E. , Induni Andrea S. , Balerio Graciela N. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn previous studies, we have reported sex‐related differences during morphine withdrawal. We have also shown that the GABAB agonist baclofen (BAC) was able to prevent the morphine withdrawal syndrome in male as well as in female mice. Considering that early gene expression is induced by drugs of abuse, we evaluated the expression of c‐Fos in several brain areas, in mice of either sex during naloxone (NAL)‐precipitated withdrawal, and after pretreatment with BAC. Swiss‐Webster prepubertal mice were rendered dependent by i.p. injection of morphine (2 mg/kg), twice daily for 9 days. On the 10th day, dependent mice were divided into two groups: the withdrawal group received NAL (6 mg/kg, i.p.) after the last dose of morphine, while the prevention group received BAC (2 mg/kg, i.p.) before NAL. Thirty minutes after NAL, animals were sacrificed by transcardial perfusion. Brains were removed and slices were obtained to perform immunohistochemical studies. Our results show a significant decrease in c‐Fos expression in hippocampal dentate gyrus, CA3, and CA1 areas of morphine withdrawn males, vs. their control group. Conversely, in females, the number of c‐Fos positive nuclei was not modified in any of the areas studied. BAC pretreatment had no effect on the decreased c‐Fos expression in morphine withdrawn males. The sexual dimorphism observed here confirms the greater sensitivity of males over females in their response to morphine. The preventive action of BAC on the expression of morphine withdrawal would not be related to an effect on c‐Fos expression. Synapse, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mitochondrial plasticity of the hippocampus in a genetic rat model of depression after antidepressant treatment
Authors: Chen Fenghua , Wegener Gregers , Madsen Torsten M. , Nyengaard Jens R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDepressive disorders and the treatment thereof have been associated with a number of neuroplastic events, such as neurogenesis and synaptic remodeling in discrete areas of the brain. The associations of these events in changes regarding the energy supply have not been investigated. Here, we investigated the changes in mitochondrial plasticity and its correlation to morphological alterations of neuroplasticity in the hippocampus, both associated with a depressive phenotype, and after treatment, with antidepressant imipramine. Design‐based stereological methods were used to estimate the number and volume of mitochondria in CA1 of the hippocampus in two different strains of rats, the Sprague–Dawley (SD) and Flinders rats, which display a genetic susceptibility to depressive behavior, the Flinders‐sensitive line (FSL) and their corresponding controls, the Flinders‐resistant line (FRL). Results showed a significantly reduced number of mitochondria in CA1, which was significantly smaller in the untreated FSL saline group compared to the FRL group. However, the mean volume of mitochondria was significantly larger in the FSL saline group compared to the FRL saline group. Following treatment, the FSL imipramine group showed a significant increase in the number of mitochondria compared to the FSL saline group. Treatment with imipramine in the SD rats did not induce significant differences in the number of mitochondria. Our results indicate that depression may be related to impairments of mitochondrial plasticity in the hippocampus and antidepressant treatment may counteract with the structural impairments. Moreover, the changes in mitochondrial morphology and number are a consistent feature of neuroplasticity. Synapse, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The greenhouse development rights framework for global burden sharing: reflection on principles and prospects
Authors: Baer Paul 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Greenhouse Development Rights (GDRs) Framework is a proposal for a global climate agreement in which the obligations assigned to nations are based on a combination of responsibility (contribution to the problem) and capacity (ability to pay). A key feature of the GDRs framework is that it is modeled on the assignment of a ‘right to development’ to individuals, such that individuals with incomes below a ‘development threshold’ are nominally exempted from obligations to pay for mitigation and adaptation. Obligations for those ‘over the threshold’ are calculated in the same way for rich persons in poor countries and rich persons in rich countries. As income distribution within countries is taken into account and all countries have some wealthy people, all countries have a positive obligation to contribute to global mitigation and adaptation requirements, eliminating the sharp distinction between Annex I and non‐Annex I countries. In the last few years, GDRs has become one of the most widely known of the many so‐called burden‐sharing frameworks that have been proposed. In this essay, one of the co‐authors of the GDRs framework presents the framework's fundamental principles, describes its place in the larger discussion of burden‐sharing and climate justice, and reflects on its prospects in the next phase of the global climate negotiations. Hopefully it will be helpful both to readers new to GDRs and to our existing supporters and critics. WIREs Clim Change 2013, 4:61–71. doi: 10.1002/wcc.201This article is categorized under:

Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Climate Change and Human Rights
Mechanisms of memory enhancement
Authors: Stern Sarah A. , Alberini Cristina M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe ongoing quest for memory enhancement is one that grows necessary as the global population increasingly ages. The extraordinary progress that has been made in the past few decades elucidating the underlying mechanisms of how long‐term memories are formed has provided insight into how memories might also be enhanced. Capitalizing on this knowledge, it has been postulated that targeting many of the same mechanisms, including CREB activation, AMPA/NMDA receptor trafficking, neuromodulation (e.g., via dopamine, adrenaline, cortisol, or acetylcholine) and metabolic processes (e.g., via glucose and insulin) may all lead to the enhancement of memory. These and other mechanisms and/or approaches have been tested via genetic or pharmacological methods in animal models, and several have been investigated in humans as well. In addition, a number of behavioral methods, including exercise and reconsolidation, may also serve to strengthen and enhance memories. By utilizing this information and continuing to investigate these promising avenues, memory enhancement may indeed be achieved in the future. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2013, 5:37–53. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1196This article is categorized under:

Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Therapeutic Methods
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine
Physics reach of CERN-based SuperBeam neutrino oscillation experiments
Authors: Coloma Pilar , Fernández-Martínez Enrique , Labarga Luis 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

We compare the physics potential of two representative options for a Super-Beam in Europe, studying the achievable precision at 1σ with which the CP violation phase (δ) could be measured, as well as the mass hierarchy and CP violation discovery potentials. The first setup corresponds to a high energy beam aiming from CERN to a 100 kt liquid argon detector placed at the Pyhäsalmi mine (2300 km), one of the LAGUNA candidate sites. The second setup corresponds to a much lower energy beam, aiming from CERN to a 500 kt water Čerenkov detector placed at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory (730 km). This second option is also studied for a baseline of 650 km, corresponding to the LAGUNA candidate sites of Umbria and the Canfranc underground laboratory. All results are presented also for scenarios with statistics lowered by factors of 2, 4, 8 and 16 to study the possible reductions of flux, detector mass or running time allowed by the large value of θ
13 recently measured.
Coupling inter‐patch movement models and landscape graph to assess functional connectivity
Authors: Bergerot Benjamin , Tournant Pierline , Moussus Jean‐Pierre , Stevens Virginie‐M. , Julliard Romain , Baguette Michel , Foltête Jean‐Christophe 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLandscape connectivity is a key process for the functioning and persistence of spatially‐structured populations in fragmented landscapes. Butterflies are particularly sensitive to landscape change and are excellent model organisms to study landscape connectivity. Here, we infer functional connectivity from the assessment of the selection of different landscape elements in a highly fragmented landscape in the Île‐de‐France region (France). Firstly we measured the butterfly preferences of the Large White butterfly (Pieris brassicae) in different landscape elements using individual release experiments. Secondly, we used an inter‐patch movement model based on butterfly choices to build the selection map of the landscape elements to moving butterflies. From this map, functional connectivity network ofP. brassicaewas modelled using landscape graph‐based approach. In our study area, we identified nine components/groups of connected habitat patches, eight of them located in urbanized areas, whereas the last one covered the more rural areas. Eventually, we provided elements to validate the predictions of our model with independent experiments of mass release‐recapture of butterflies. Our study shows (1) the efficiency of our inter‐patch movement model based on species preferences in predicting complex ecological processes such as dispersal and (2) how inter‐patch movement model results coupled to landscape graph can assess landscape functional connectivity at large spatial scales.
Respiratory and sleep disorders in mucopolysaccharidosis
Authors: Berger Kenneth I. , Fagondes Simone C. , Giugliani Roberto , Hardy Karen A. , Lee Kuo Sheng , McArdle Ciarán , Scarpa Maurizio , Tobin Martin J. , Ward Susan A. , Rapoport David M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMPS encompasses a group of rare lysosomal storage disorders that are associated with the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in organs and tissues. This accumulation can lead to the progressive development of a variety of clinical manifestations. Ear, nose, throat (ENT) and respiratory problems are very common in patients with MPS and are often among the first symptoms to appear. Typical features of MPS include upper and lower airway obstruction and restrictive pulmonary disease, which can lead to chronic rhinosinusitis or chronic ear infections, recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections, obstructive sleep apnoea, impaired exercise tolerance, and respiratory failure. This review provides a detailed overview of the ENT and respiratory manifestations that can occur in patients with MPS and discusses the issues related to their evaluation and management.
Parental social support, coping strategies, resilience factors, stress, anxiety and depression levels in parents of children with MPS III (Sanfilippo syndrome) or children with intellectual disabilities (ID)
Authors: Grant Sheena , Cross Elaine , Wraith James Edmond , Jones Simon , Mahon Louise , Lomax Michelle , Bigger Brian , Hare Dougal 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III, Sanfilippo syndrome) is a lysosomal storage disorder, caused by a deficiency in one of four enzymes involved in the catabolism of the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulphate. It is a degenerative disorder, with a progressive decline in children's intellectual and physical functioning. There is currently no cure for the disorder. To date there is a paucity of research on how this disorder impacts parents psychological functioning. Specifically, research in the area has failed to employ adequate control groups to assess if the impact of this disorder on parents psychological functioning differs from parenting a child with intellectual disability (ID). The current study examined child behaviour and parental psychological functioning in 23 parents of children with MPS III and 23 parents of children with ID. Parents completed postal questionnaires about their child's behaviour and abilities and their own psychological functioning. Parents of children with MPS III reported fewer behavioural difficulties as their child aged, more severe level of intellectual disability, and similar levels of perceived social support, coping techniques, stress, anxiety and depression levels as parents of children with ID. Both groups of parents scored above the clinical cut off for anxiety and depression. Parents of children with MPS III rated themselves as significantly less future‐orientated and goal directed than parents of children with ID. Services should develop support packages for parents of children with MPS III that incorporate an understanding of the unique stressors and current‐difficulty approach of this population. Future research should examine gender differences between parental psychological functioning, using mixed qualitative and quantitative approaches, and utilise matched developmental level and typically developing control groups.
Biomarker evidence for uncoupling of amyloid build‐up and toxicity in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCertain preparations of Alzheimer‐associated amyloid beta (Aβ) exhibit rapid (within minutes) synaptotoxicity when applied to hippocampal slices or neuronal cell cultures, or when injected into the central nervous system of rodents. In addition, it is well known that some elderly people have brain amyloidosis without showing signs of cognitive impairment or neurodegeneration beyond the age norm. Biomarkers, reviewed extensively in a recent Perspectives article in Alzheimer's & Dementia, suggest that amyloid‐positive individuals are at higher risk of Alzheimer's disease than similarly aged individuals without evidence of brain amyloidosis, provided they live long enough. But how can the brain resist amyloid pathology for many years? Here, we expand on recent biomarker studies suggesting that Aβ build‐up and toxicity may occur in two phases. We hypothesize that the first phase may involve an autocatalytic build‐up of a nontoxic Aβ reservoir, tentatively named the AβCat pool, and that gain of toxicity may require brain incubation of Aβ in the water‐deprived plaque milieu over years to produce modified forms of the protein that are truly neurotoxic (AβTox). We argue for the need to describe the molecular natures of AβCat and AβTox in greater detail as a means to gain success in anti‐Aβ disease‐modifying drug development.
Aβ amyloid, cognition, andAPOEgenotype in healthy older adults
Authors: Lim Yen Ying , Ellis Kathryn A. , Ames David , Darby David , Harrington Karra , Martins Ralph N. , Masters Colin L. , Rowe Christopher , Savage Greg , Szoeke Cassandra , Villemagne Victor L. , Maruff Paul ,   AIBL Research Group
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundOnly one study has investigated the relationship between cerebral β‐amyloid (Aβ), apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 genotype, and cognition. Although significant relationships between cerebral Aβ and cognition were observed in ɛ4 carriers but not noncarriers, the magnitude of this relationship was not reported. Further, when demographic variables were controlled, the influence ofAPOEɛ4 on the relationship between cerebral Aβ and cognition dissipated.MethodsIn 144 healthy older adults who had undergone amyloid scanning andAPOEɛ4 genotyping in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle (AIBL) Flagship Study of Ageing, correlations were conducted to determine the magnitude of relationship between cerebral Aβ and cognition in ɛ4 carriers and noncarriers. Fisher'sZwas used to compare these correlations and Cohen'sq determined the magnitude of difference between correlations.ResultsCerebral Aβ was significantly associated with tasks of visual and verbal episodic memory inAPOEɛ4 carriers. This association was not observed in ɛ4 noncarriers. The relationship between cerebral Aβ and episodic memory in ɛ4 carriers was significantly different from that in ɛ4 noncarriers, and the magnitude of this difference was small to moderate.ConclusionsInAPOEɛ4 carriers, there is a moderate negative relationship between cerebral Aβ and episodic memory. This suggests that increased cerebral Aβ may signify the onset of preclinical AD, especially in healthy older adults who are genetically at risk for AD.
Dose–response to 3 months of quercetin-containing supplements on metabolite and quercetin conjugate profile in adults
Authors: Cialdella-Kam Lynn , Nieman David C. , Sha Wei , Meaney Mary Pat , Knab Amy M. , Shanely R. Andrew 
Published: November 2012

Quercetin, a flavonol in fruits and vegetables, has been demonstrated to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating influences. The purpose of the present study was to determine if quercetin, vitamin C and niacin supplements (Q-500 = 500 mg/d of quercetin, 125 mg/d of vitamin C and 5 mg/d of niacin; Q-1000 = 1000 mg/d of quercetin, 250 mg/d of vitamin C and 10 mg/d of niacin) would alter small-molecule metabolite profiles and serum quercetin conjugate levels in adults. Healthy adults (fifty-eight women and forty-two men; aged 40–83 years) were assigned using a randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled trial to one of three supplement groups (Q-1000, Q-500 or placebo). Overnight fasted blood samples were collected at 0, 1 and 3 months. Quercetin conjugate concentrations were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS/MS, and metabolite profiles were measured using two MS platforms (UPLC-quadrupole time-of-flight MS (TOFMS) and GC-TOFMS). Statistical procedures included partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and linear mixed model analysis with repeated measures. After accounting for age, sex and BMI, quercetin supplementation was associated with significant shifts in 163 metabolites/quercetin conjugates (false discovery rate,P< 0·05). The top five metabolite shifts were an increase in serum guaiacol, 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutanoic acid, allocystathionine and two bile acids. Inflammatory and oxidative stress metabolites were not affected. PLS-DA revealed a clear separation only between the 1000 mg/d and placebo groups (Q2Y= 0·763). The quercetin conjugate, isorhamnetin-3-glucuronide, had the highest concentration at 3 months followed by quercetin-3-glucuronide, quercetin-3-sulphate and quercetin diglucuronide. In human subjects, long-term quercetin supplementation exerts disparate and wide-ranging metabolic effects and changes in quercetin conjugate concentrations. Metabolic shifts were apparent at the 1000 mg/d dose; further research is required to understand the health implications of these shifts.
Kiwifruit consumption favourably affects plasma lipids in a randomised controlled trial in hypercholesterolaemic men
Authors: Gammon Cheryl S. , Kruger Rozanne , Minihane Anne M. , Conlon Cathryn A. , von Hurst Pamela R. , Stonehouse Welma 
Published: November 2012

The unique composition of green kiwifruit has the potential to benefit CVD risk. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of consuming two green kiwifruits daily in conjunction with a healthy diet on plasma lipids and other metabolic markers and to examine response according toAPOEgenotype in hypercholesterolaemic men. After undergoing a 4-week healthy diet, eighty-five hypercholesterolaemic men (LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) >3·0 mmol/l and TAG < 3 mmol/l) completed an 8-week randomised controlled cross-over study of two 4-week intervention sequences of two green kiwifruits per d plus healthy diet (intervention) or healthy diet alone (control). Anthropometric measures, blood pressure (BP) and fasting blood samples (plasma lipids, serum apoA1 and apoB, insulin, glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)) were taken at baseline, and at 4 and 8 weeks. After the kiwifruit intervention, plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations were significantly higher (mean difference 0·04; 95 % CI 0·01, 0·07 mmol/l;P= 0·004) and the total cholesterol (TC):HDL-C ratio was significantly lower (mean difference − 0·15; 95 % CI − 0·24, − 0·05 mmol/l;P= 0·002) compared with the control. In carriers of theAPOE4allele, TAG decreased significantly (mean difference − 0·18; 95 % CI − 0·34, − 0·02 mmol/l;P= 0·03) with kiwifruit compared with control. There were no significant differences between the two interventions for plasma TC, LDL-C, insulin, glucose, hs-CRP and BP. The small but significant increase in HDL-C and decrease in TC:HDL-C ratio and TAG (inAPOE4carriers) suggest that the regular inclusion of green kiwifruit as part of a healthy diet may be beneficial in improving the lipid profiles of men with high cholesterol.
Association of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 with new-onset fatigue in the Whitehall II prospective cohort study
Authors: Cho H. J. , Kivimäki M. , Bower J. E. , Irwin M. R. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundAlthough basic research on neuroimmune interactions suggests that inflammatory processes may play a role in the development of fatigue, population-based evidence on this association is limited. This study examined whether plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), biomarkers of systemic inflammation, predict fatigue onset.MethodThe Whitehall II study is a large-scale cohort study conducted in 20 civil service departments in London. Plasma CRP and IL-6 were measured in 4847 non-fatigued participants at phase 3 (1991–1993, aged 39–63 years). Fatigue was assessed using the Vitality subscale of the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) at phase 3 and phase 4 (1995–1996).ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 3.1 years, 957 new fatigue cases (19.7%) were identified using the pre-established cut-off score of ⩽50 on the Vitality subscale. CRP values were dichotomized as low (<1.0 mg/l ) or high (⩾1.0 mg/l) using the Centers for Disease Control/American Heart Association recommendations. Similarly, IL-6 values were also dichotomized as low (<1.5 pg/ml) or high (⩾1.5 pg/ml). After full adjustment for sociodemographic and biobehavioral covariates, the odds ratios for new-onset fatigue were 1.28 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.49,p = 0.003] for high CRP and 1.24 (95% CI 1.06–1.45,p = 0.008) for high IL-6. Similar results were found when CRP and IL-6 were treated as continuous variables.ConclusionsPlasma CRP and IL-6 were prospectively associated with new-onset fatigue, supporting the hypothesis that low-grade inflammation has a role in the development of fatigue.
Serotype distribution and characteristics of antimicrobial resistance inShigellaisolated from Henan province, China, 2001–2008
Authors: YANG H. , SUN W. , DUAN G. , ZHU J. , ZHANG W. , XI Y. , FAN Q. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThe serotype distribution and susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents of 526 isolates ofShigellaspp. from four hospitals in Sun county, Henan province, China during 2001–2008, were analysed to identify associations of serotypes with resistance trends.S.flexneriwas the most frequent species (92·4%), the remainder wasS.sonnei. The prevalent serotype ofS.flexneriwas 2a (26·7%). Almost all (>99%) isolates were resistant to tetracycline, nalidixic acid and pipemidic acid; >80% were resistant to chloramphenicol, amoxicillin and co-trimoxazole but less than 5% were resistant to polymyxin B, furazolidone, cefotaxime and gentamicin.S.flexnerishowed statistically significant higher resistance thanS.sonneito amoxicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin but resistance to co-trimoxazole was more common inS.sonneithan inS.flexneri. These results emphasize that monitoring of emerging resistance inShigellaisolates is essential for timely and appropriate recommendations for antimicrobial therapy.