bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient forest fire detection based on an improved YOLO model
Authors: Cao Lei , Shen Zirui , Xu Sheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA forest fire is a natural disaster characterized by rapid spread, difficulty in extinguishing, and widespread destruction, which requires an efficient response. Existing detection methods fail to balance global and local fire features, resulting in the false detection of small or hidden fires. In this paper, we propose a novel detection technique based on an improved YOLO v5 model to enhance the visual representation of forest fires and retain more information about global interactions. We add a plug-and-play global attention mechanism to improve the efficiency of neck and backbone feature extraction of the YOLO v5 model. Then, a re-parameterized convolutional module is designed, and a decoupled detection head is used to accelerate the convergence speed. Finally, a weighted bi-directional feature pyramid network (BiFPN) is introduced to merge feature information for local information processing. In the evaluation, we use the complete intersection over union (CIoU) loss function to optimize the multi-task loss for different kinds of forest fires. Experiments show that the precision, recall, and mean average precision are increased by 4.2%, 3.8%, and 4.6%, respectively, compared with the classic YOLO v5 model. In particular, the mAP@0.5:0.95 is 2.2% higher than the other detection methods, while meeting the requirements of real-time detection.
Spatial-diffusion characters and emission reduction strategy for motor vehicle pollutants on expressway
Authors: Yao Shengyong , Niu Siyu , Hasan Mohammad Kamrul , Bian Zixiang , Hao Yunhong , Wang Yanfei , Li Shuning , Ding Ru , Ji Chenfei , Li Duoduo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research tries to establish the emissions diffusion model of high-speed motor vehicles on the Capital Ring Expressway (CRE) around Beijing, China, applying the MOVES and the CALPUFF models. Data required for this study have been collected from different sources. The results show that small buses and large trucks have the highest pollutant emissions on the CRE. The pollutants like CO and HC mainly comes from gasoline vehicles, while NOx, PM10 and PM2.5 comes from diesel vehicles. The average concentrations of the diffusion of CO, NOx, CH4, PM10, and PM2.5 along with the CRE are 6.5 mg/m3, 2.3 mg/m3, 0.27 mg/m3, 0.055 mg/m3 and 0.056 mg/m3 respectively. The results of this study have practical significance and influence on the emission reduction and concentration control strategies under different circumstances, and put forward suggestions on changing transportation modes, strengthening supervision and so on. It has produced a number of recommendations for the policy makers including (1) active promotion of new energy vehicles on expressways, (2) strategic change of the mode of passenger and freight transportation on expressways, (3) strengthen traffic management and supervision of motor vehicles on expressways, and (4) strengthen vegetation protection in rural and ecologically sound areas along the route.
Acute poisoning in children in Chengdu, China: a retrospective study (2019–2022)
Authors: Huang Lan , Liu Shunli , Wang Yan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
To analyze the characteristics of children with acute poisoning admitted to emergency departments in the southwestern region of China.

Methods
Data were retrospectively collected from the hospital information system in Chengdu, West China Second Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 and the frequency and substance of pediatric poisoning, clinical management and outcome were described in this study.

Results
A total of 2036 cases with acute poisoning aged from 0–14 years were included, of these, 272 were hospitalized, with 40 admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. The incidence was slightly higher in boys than girls (51.2% vs. 48.8%). The most common route of poisoning was the digestive system (99.3%), and the majority were accidental poisonings (92.7%). Medications were the most common toxic substances (62.1%), followed by pesticides (12.4%) and household cleaners (8.8%). The proportion of toxic substances varied among different age groups, with household cleaners being the most common in infants, and pesticides in other age groups, excluding medications.

Conclusion
Children in early childhood accounted for most acute poisoning cases, mostly due to unintentional ingestion of a single substance. Female adolescents were the most common patients intentionally ingested toxic substances, mainly psychotropic drugs.
Cross-sectional analysis of maternal and neonatal factors influencing cord blood TSH and free T4 levels in congenital hypothyroidism screening
Authors: Sadeghi Nahideh , Mousavi Safa , Mirmohammadkhani Majid , Rahmanian Mojgan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the leading cause of cognitive impairment in children. Although screening programs have been successful in identifying cases of congenital hypothyroidism (CH), the high rates of recalling individuals for further testing and the occurrence of false positive results place a significant strain on healthcare systems globally. While cord blood thyroid-stimulating hormone (CBTSH) is commonly used as a screening test for congenital hypothyroidism (CH), there is less data available on its effectiveness in Iran. The objective of this study was to assess the levels of TSH and Free T4 in umbilical cord blood and examine their correlation with maternal and neonatal variables, as well as heel-stick TSH.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 120 mothers and their newborns were recruited from Semnan’s Amir-Al-Momenin Hospital in 2021. The maternal characteristics examined encompassed age, BMI, gravidity (number of pregnancies), history of abortions, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, gestational age, and delivery technique. The neonatal parameters encompassed in the study were sex, birth weight, number of gestation births, Apgar ratings, and arterial blood cord gases. The average values of Free T4 and CBTSH were measured and compared with these parameters. TSH levels were measured by a heel-stick procedure on days 2–3 following birth. The statistical analysis comprised of the Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Spearman correlation test. The diagnostic accuracy of CBTSH was evaluated using ROC curve analysis.

Results
The average concentration of CBTSH was substantially greater in preterm neonates and males compared to term newborns and females (P = 0.039 and P < 0.001, respectively). Newborns delivered by cesarean section exhibited significantly lower levels of CBTSH compared to those delivered vaginally (P = 0.040). A significant positive connection was seen between CBTSH and heel-stick TSH (P < 0.001). The average level of Free T4 in umbilical cord blood was substantially greater in neonates from women who had been pregnant multiple times compared to those who had been pregnant for the first time (P = 0.023). There was no statistically significant correlation observed between umbilical cord blood Free T4 and TSH levels and factors such as maternal age, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, twin or singleton delivery, Apgar scores, birthweight, and cord gases (P > 0.05). The most effective threshold value for CBTSH in detecting potentially abnormal cases of hypothyroidism was determined to be 14.75 mIU/L.

Conclusions
Delivery method, gestational age, and male gender were significant factors affecting umbilical cord TSH levels. These factors should be considered when interpreting CBTSH data. This study provides evidence for the inclusion of CBTSH as a predictive factor in CH screening programs.
Effect of the supplementation of N-acetylglutamate and patchouli extract on piglets fed on a low protein diet
Authors: Liu Shichao , Shao Guobin , Li Muzhi , Zhang Rui , Duan Yu , Zhang Yue , Lv Mengxue , Qi Haoming , Lu Weixing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe livestock industry faces challenges such as limited protein feed resources, suboptimal nitrogen utilization efficiency, and environmental impacts. Reducing the crude protein content in piglet diets has been shown to alleviate these issues, offering benefits to both animal welfare and environmental sustainability. However, low-protein (LP) diets can negatively affect piglet health and growth, necessitating strategies to mitigate these effects. The study aimed to explore the effects of supplementing LP diets with N-acetylglutamate (NAG) and Patchouli (PTC) on the health and growth of weaned piglets, focusing on growth metrics, antioxidant capabilities, intestinal barrier integrity, and inflammatory response. One hundred twenty healthy piglets were randomly assigned to five dietary groups, including a standard control diet (CON), an LP diet, and LP diets supplemented with NAG, PTC, or both. The trial lasted four weeks, and the piglets' growth, immune response, antioxidant status, and intestinal health were assessed. Piglets on the LP diet had lower final body weights and average daily weight gains. However, supplementation with NAG and PTC improved antioxidant defense, reduced inflammation, and enhanced intestinal health, as evidenced by increased VEGF-A expression in the small intestine epithelium (p < 0.05). The addition of NAG and PTC to LP diets can improve the health and growth of weaned piglets, suggesting a potential strategy for managing the challenges associated with LP diets. This research provides valuable insights for the livestock industry, indicating that the use of natural additives like NAG and PTC can help maintain piglet health and growth while reducing the environmental impact of high-protein diets. Further research is needed to optimize these strategies for widespread application.
A Geochemical Mechanism for >10 m Apparent Downward Offsets of Magnetic Reversals Inferred From Comparison of Two Scotia Sea Drill Sites
Authors: Reilly Brendan T. , Tauxe Lisa , Brachfeld Stefanie A. , Kenlee Bridget , Gutjahr Marcus , Dale Andrew W. , Hernández‐Almeida Iván , Hemming Sidney , Bailey Ian , Zheng Xufeng , Cheu Daven , Taglienti Reece , Weber Michael E. , Raymo Maureen E. , Williams Trevor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe document an apparent downward displacement of the Matuyama‐Brunhes magnetic reversal by ∼20 m at Scotia Sea International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1538 (Pirie Basin) by comparison with the well‐defined paleomagnetic record at nearby Site U1537 (Dove Basin). Detailed stratigraphic correlation between the two sites is possible due to similar lithologic variations. However, the two sites have distinctly different porewater geochemistry. Notably, Site U1538 indicates a greater demand for electron acceptors to oxidize organic carbon and Fe2+ enrichment below the depth of SO42− depletion. Magnetic parameters indicate enrichment of an authigenic magnetic mineral with strong remanence properties around the depth of SO42− depletion (∼46 m at Site U1538) relative to magnetic parameters at correlative depths at Site U1537. Fe2+ enrichment below the depth of SO42− depletion is not predicted based on the energetically favorable order of electron acceptors for microbial respiration but is documented here and in other depositional settings. This indicates Fe2+ production exceeds the production of H2S by SO42− reduction, providing a geochemical environment that favors the production and preservation of ferrimagnetic remanence‐bearing iron sulfides over paramagnetic pyrite and, thus, a mechanism for deep chemical remanent magnetization acquisition at depths of tens of meters. The influence of authigenic ferrimagnetic iron sulfides on paleomagnetic signals can be difficult to demonstrate with magnetic properties alone; therefore, this finding has implications for evaluating the fidelity of magnetostratigraphic records with complementary geochemical data. Such situations should be considered in other depositional environments with similar porewater Fe2+ accumulation below the SO42− reduction depth.
Submesoscale Kinetic Energy Induced by Vertical Buoyancy Fluxes During the Tropical Cyclone Haitang
Authors: Yi Zhenhui , Qiu Chunhua , Wang Dongxiao , Cai Zhongya , Yu Jiancheng , Shi Jian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSubmesoscale process is an important part in the kinetic energy cascade from large‐scale circulation to turbulent dissipation, and a key component of the global heat budget. Its dynamic response to weather event is an important process in forecasting marine bio‐chemical matter transport. So how will submesoscale instabilities response to tropical cyclones (TCs) is worth studying. Based on underwater glider observations and 1‐km high resolution numerical modeling, we investigated two TCs (Roke and Haitang)‐induced submesoscale baroclinic instabilities and their dynamic mechanisms in the Northern South China Sea. The TC Haitang induced significant surface cooling, mixed layer deepening, front sharpening, and enhanced the mixed layer baroclinic and symmetric instabilities. The submesoscale kinetic energy also enhanced sharply after TC Haitang, which was higher correlated with increased mesoscale strain rates. The submesoscale energetics analysis revealed that the enhanced frontal submesoscale kinetic energy after TC Haitang was mainly from potential energy release via baroclinic energy conversion. Four groups of sensitivity numerical experiments revealed that the turbulent heat buoyancy flux and the Ekman buoyancy flux contributed equally to the positive baroclinic energy conversion during the TC Haitang. This study helps us to understand the multiscale oceanic energy transfers and submesoscale air‐sea interaction processes.
Slab Driven Quaternary Rock‐Uplift and Topographic Evolution in the Northern‐Central Apennines From Linear Inversion of the Drainage System
Authors: Racano S. , van der Beek P. A. , Schildgen T. F. , Faccenna C. , Buleo Tebar V. , Cosentino D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInvestigating rock‐uplift variations in time and space provides insights into the processes driving mountain‐belt evolution. The Apennine Mountains of Italy underwent substantial Quaternary rock uplift that shaped the present‐day topography. Here, we present linear river‐profile inversions for 28 catchments draining the eastern flank of the Northern‐Central Apennines to reconstruct rock‐uplift histories. We calibrated these results by estimating an erodibility coefficient (K) from incision rates and catchment‐averaged erosion rates obtained from cosmogenic‐nuclide data, and we tested whether a uniform or variable K produces a rock‐uplift model that satisfactorily fits independent geochronological constraints. We employ a landscape‐evolution model to demonstrate that our inversion results are reliable despite substantial seaward lengthening of the catchments during uplift. Our findings suggest that a rock‐uplift pulse started around 3.0–2.5 Ma, coinciding with the onset of extension in the Apennines, and migrated southward at a rate of ∼90 km/Myr. The highest reconstructed rock‐uplift rates (>1 km/Myr) occur in the region encompassing the highest Apennine massifs. These results are consistent with numerical models and field evidence from other regions exhibiting rapid rock‐uplift pulses and uplift migration related to slab break‐off. Our results support the hypothesis of break‐off of the Adria slab under the central Apennines and its southward propagation during the Quaternary. Moreover, the results suggest a renewed increase in rock‐uplift rates after the Middle Pleistocene along the Adriatic coast, coeval with recent uplift acceleration along the eastern coast of southern Italy in the Apulian foreland.
Parent and staff focus groups to address NICU racial inequities: “There’s radical optimism in that we’re in a different time and we’re not doing it alone”
Authors: Karvonen Kayla L. , Smith Olga , Chambers-Butcher Brittany , Afulani Patience , Mathis-Perry Tameyah , Rangwalla Khuzaima , McLemore Monica , Rogers Elizabeth E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo understand local mechanisms of racial inequities and generate recommendations from community members regarding how to promote racial equity in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).MethodsIn an urban tertiary care NICU, 4 semi-structured in-person focus groups with follow-up audio diaries were conducted with NICU parents and staff from 2022–2023 with support from interpreters, a psychologist, and a family advocate. Researchers coded transcripts independently and thematic analysis was utilized to generate and refine themes.Results16 racially diverse and multidisciplinary staff and parents participated, and six themes emerged from the data. Mechanisms of racial inequities included power dynamics, interpersonal and institutional dehumanization, and societal inequities. Recommendations included redistributing power, transforming space and staff to promote humanism, and mitigating harm through peer support and resource allocation.ConclusionFocus groups are a promising strategy to identify interventions to address racial inequities. Future research should focus on intervention implementation and evaluation.
Socioeconomic disparities in the postnatal growth of preterm infants: a systematic review
Authors: Ravi Krithi , Young Aneurin , Beattie R. Mark , Johnson Mark J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
To determine the effect of parental socioeconomic status (SES) on the postnatal growth of preterm infants.

Methods
A systematic review (PROSPERO registration CRD42020225714) of original articles from Medline, Embase, CINAHL Plus and Web of Science published 1946-2023 was undertaken. Studies were included if they reported anthropometric growth outcomes for preterm infants according to parental SES. Data extraction and assessments of bias and health equity impact were conducted using custom-designed forms.

Results
A narrative synthesis of twelve included studies was performed. Most infants were moderate to late preterm. The settings, growth outcomes, timings of growth measurement, and SES measures were heterogenous. Six studies demonstrated an adverse effect of low parental SES on the extrauterine growth of preterm infants, five studies showed no effect, and one study showed a potentially beneficial effect. All studies had a high risk of bias, especially confounding and selection bias. The health equity impact of included studies was largely negative.

Conclusion
Limited and low-quality evidence suggests that socioeconomic minoritisation may adversely impact the growth of preterm infants, thereby widening existing socioeconomic health inequities. Observational studies informed by theorisation of the mechanistic pathways linking socioeconomic minoritisation to adverse postnatal growth are required to identify targets for intervention.

Impact

Limited evidence suggests low parental socioeconomic status (SES) adversely affects the postnatal growth of preterm infants across different settings.

Early growth of preterm infants predicts neurodevelopmental outcomes and the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in adulthood.

Systematic screening of over 15,000 articles identified only twelve studies which reported postnatal growth outcomes for preterm infants according to parental SES.

The health equity impact of the included studies was systematically assessed, and found to be negative overall.

This study highlights limitations in existing evidence on the association between parental SES and postnatal growth, and delineates avenues for future research.
Pre-diagnosis tea and coffee consumption and survival after a diagnosis of ovarian cancer: results from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium
Authors: Nagle Christina M. , Ibiebele Torukiri I. , Bandera Elisa V. , Cramer Daniel , Doherty Jennifer A. , Giles Graham G. , Goodman Marc T. , Hanley Gillian E. , Harris Holly R. , Jensen Allan , Kjaer Susanne K. , Lee Alice W. , Milne Roger L. , Qin Bo , Richardson Jean , Sasamoto Naoko , Sieh Weiva , Terry Kathryn L. , Titus Linda , Trabert Britton , Wentzensen Nicolas , Wu Anna H. , Berchuck Andrew , Pike Malcolm , Pearce Celeste Leigh , Webb Penelope M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Tea and coffee are the most frequently consumed beverages in the world. Green tea in particular contains compounds with potential anti-cancer effects, but its association with survival after ovarian cancer is uncertain.

Methods
We investigated the associations between tea and coffee consumption before diagnosis and survival using data from 10 studies in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. Data on tea (green, black, herbal), coffee and caffeine intake were available for up to 5724 women. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
Compared with women who did not drink any green tea, consumption of one or more cups/day was associated with better overall survival (aHR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.71–1.00, p-trend = 0.04). A similar association was seen for ovarian cancer-specific survival in five studies with this information (aHR = 0.81, 0.66–0.99, p-trend = 0.045). There was no consistent variation between subgroups defined by clinical or lifestyle characteristics and adjustment for other aspects of lifestyle did not appreciably alter the estimates. We found no evidence of an association between coffee, black or herbal tea, or caffeine intake and survival.

Conclusion
The observed association with green tea consumption before diagnosis raises the possibility that consumption after diagnosis might improve patient outcomes.
Suppression of viral rebound by a Rev-dependent lentiviral particle in SIV-infected rhesus macaques
Authors: Hetrick Brian , Siddiqui Summer , Spear Mark , Guo Jia , Liang Huizhi , Fu Yajing , Yang Zhijun , Doyle-Meyers Lara , Pahar Bapi , Veazey Ronald S. , Dufour Jason , Andalibi Ali , Ling Binhua , Wu Yuntao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Persistence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoirs prevents viral eradication, and consequently HIV-infected patients require lifetime treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) [1–5]. Currently, there are no effective therapeutics to prevent HIV rebound upon ART cessation. Here we describe an HIV/SIV Rev-dependent lentiviral particle that can be administered to inhibit viral rebound [6–9]. Using simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques as a model, we demonstrate that the administration of pre-assembled SIV Rev-dependent lentiviral particles into SIVmac239-infected Indian rhesus macaques can lead to reduction of viral rebound upon ART termination. One of the injected animals, KC50, controlled plasma and CNS viremia to an undetectable level most of the time for over two years after ART termination. Surprisingly, detailed molecular and immunological characterization revealed that viremia control was concomitant with the induction of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) following the administration of the Rev-dependent vectors. This study emphasizes the importance of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) for viremia control [10–15], and also provides proof of concept that the Rev-dependent vector can be used to target viral reservoirs, including the CNS reservoirs, in vivo. However, future large-scale in vivo studies are needed to understand the potential mechanisms of viremia control induced by the Rev-dependent vector.