bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing name of epilepsy in Korea; cerebroelectric disorder (noi‐jeon‐jeung,뇌전증,腦電症)
Authors: Kim Heung Dong , Kang Hoon‐Chul , Lee Sang Ahm , Huh Kyun , Lee Byung‐In 
Published: January 2014

SummaryPublic misconception of epilepsy may lead to significant stigma to the disease itself, thereby causing impaired quality of life in people with epilepsy. Traditionally, epilepsy has been considered to be the consequence of evanescent spiritual forces, and even demonic possession (in many countries). The names of epilepsy in some East Asian countries originated from China, and include madness in their meaning. We recently changed the Korean name of epilepsy, gan‐jil (간질, 癎疾: a crazy, convulsive disease having meaning similar to 癲癎), to a neutral and scientifically explainable name: noi‐jeon‐jeung (뇌전증; 腦電症; cerebroelectric disorder). We expect that changing the stigmatized name of epilepsy to a neutral and scientific term with the meaning of cerebroelectric disorder will reduce the social stigma by understanding of epilepsy as one of the neurologic disorders.
Direct association of the unique C‐terminal tail of transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein γ‐8 with calcineurin
Authors: Itakura Makoto , Watanabe Izumi , Sugaya Tsukiko , Takahashi Masami 
Published: January 2014

Transmembrane α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) are auxiliary subunits that regulate AMPA receptor trafficking to the plasma membrane and localization to postsynaptic sites. The classical TARP family consists of four members: stargazin/γ‐2, γ‐3, γ‐4 and γ‐8. The TARP γ‐8 isoform, which is highly expressed in the hippocampus, has a unique, long C‐terminal domain with five distinct regions: two glycine‐rich regions, a serine/arginine‐rich region, a proline/alanine (P/A) rich region, and a PSD‐95/Dlg/ZO‐1 (PDZ) binding motif. We performed mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation assays to identify specific binding partners for the γ‐8 C‐terminal tail and found that γ‐8, but not stargazin/γ‐2, co‐immunoprecipitated with calcineurin/PP2B, a Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent Ser/Thr phosphatase. Co‐immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analyses of lysates from COS‐7 cells co‐transfected with calcineurin and either wild type or chimeric γ‐8 revealed that a section of the C‐terminal tail (residues 356–421) can bind calcineurin. Futhermore, γ‐8 lacking the P/A‐rich region (residues 383–399) did not bind to calcineurin. In addition, the GST‐γ‐8 C‐terminal tail (residues 353–414) fusion protein containing the P/A‐rich region bound to purified calcineurin in a Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent manner, whereas GST‐γ‐8 with a deletion of the P/A‐rich region did not. Peptide competition assays demonstrated that γ‐8 may interact with the hydrophobic pocket defined by β‐sheet 14 and/or adjacent regions of the catalytic A subunit of calcineurin. These results indicate that the γ‐8 P/A‐rich region is essential for binding calcineurin, suggesting that the γ‐8/calcineurin complex may regulate AMPA receptor phosphorylation and trafficking.Structured digital abstractgamma-8 physically interacts with Cn A by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)gamma-8 binds to Cn A by pull down (View interaction)gamma-2 physically interacts with PSD-95 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)gamma-2 physically interacts with GluA1 and GluA2 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)gamma-8 physically interacts with beta -tubulin, Cn A and alpha-tubulin by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)gamma-8 physically interacts with GluA1 and GluA2 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)Cn A physically interacts with Cn B and gamma-8 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (1, 2, 3)gamma-8 physically interacts with PSD-95 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)gamma-8 physically interacts with GluA1, GluA2, Cn B and Cn A by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)gamma-8 physically interacts with Cn A by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)PSD-95, gamma-8 and Cn A colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction)
Transcriptional regulation of chicken cytochrome P450 2D49 basal expression by CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α
Authors: Yang Qi , Tang Shulin , Dong Linfeng , Chen Qingmei , Liu Xin , Jiang Jun , Deng Yiqun 
Published: January 2014

Chicken cytochrome P450 (CYP)2D49 is structurally and functionally related to human CYP2D6, which is an important drug‐metabolizing enzyme. To date, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of this cytochrome. Through deletion analysis of the CYP2D49 promoter, we identified two putative degenerate CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein (C/EBP)‐binding sites and an imperfect DR1 element (the site contains direct repeats of the hexamer AGGTCA separated by a one‐nucleotide spacer motif) within regions –296/–274, –274/–226, and –226/–183, respectively, which may play critical roles in the transcriptional activation of the CYP2D49 gene. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that the putative C/EBP boxes and DR1 element in the CYP2D49 promoter are functional motifs that bind to C/EBPα and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), respectively. Furthermore, we studied the functional importance and relationships of these transcription factor‐binding sites by examining the effects of mutation and deletion of these regions on promoter activity. These studies revealed that the two C/EBP‐binding sites show a compensatory relationship and work cooperatively with the DR1 element to modulate the transcription of CYP2D49. The results of overexpressing C/EBPα and HNF4α in culture cells further confirmed that both C/EBPα and HNF4α contribute significantly to sustaining a high level of CYP2D49 transcription. In conclusion, the data indicate that the constitutive hepatic expression of CYP2D49 is governed by both C/EBPα and HNF4α. Further studies will be required to fully characterize the molecular mechanisms that modulate CYP2D49 expression.
Removing bacteria from rough surface titanium discs with chlorhexidine and additional brushing with dentifrice
Authors: Park Jun‐Beom , Koh Minchul , Jang Yun‐Ji , Choi Bong‐Kyu , Kim Kack‐Kyun , Ko Youngkyung 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesThis in vitro study was conducted: (i) to evaluate the effect of using cotton pellets soaked with chlorhexidine (CHX) on titanium surface roughness; (ii) to assess the removal of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) from resorbable blast material (RBM) titanium surfaces using CHX pellets; and (iii) to evaluate the effects of additional brushing on bacterial removal efficiency.Materials and methodsRBM titanium discs were treated with CHX‐soaked cotton pellets, and change in surface roughness was measured using confocal microscopy. After the titanium discs were incubated with P. gingivalis for 2 days, the discs were cleaned with CHX pellets for 40 s. The quantity of remaining adherent bacteria was measured using crystal violet assay. Additional brushing was performed with dentifrice for a total of 40 s, and bacterial removal efficiency with brushing and dentifrice was evaluated using crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy.ResultsThe changes in surface roughness after treatment were observed by confocal microscopy. Statistically significant decrease in surface roughness was seen in CHX 40‐s group (p < 0.05). Cleaning with CHX‐soaked pellets resulted in significant decrease in remaining adherent bacteria. Brushing the bacteria‐incubated discs with dentifrice reduced adhering bacteria. There were fewer bacteria left on the CHX‐pre‐treated discs compared with the brushing‐only group, but there were no significant differences when compared with the brushing‐only group (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThis study clearly showed that burnishing with CHX influenced the RBM titanium surface, and burnishing with CHX pellets and brushing with dentifrice were efficient in removing bacteria from the contaminated titanium surface.
Self‐monitoring has potential for home exercise programmes in patients with haemophilia
Authors: Goto M. , Takedani H. , Haga N. , Kubota M. , Ishiyama M. , Ito S. , Nitta O. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryHaemophiliacs who have had to keep a physically inactive lifestyle due to bleeding during childhood are likely to have little motivation for exercise. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effectiveness of the self‐monitoring of home exercise for haemophiliacs. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with intervention over 8 weeks at four hospitals in Japan. Subjects included 32 male outpatients aged 26–64 years without an inhibitor who were randomly allocated to a self‐monitoring group and a control group. Individual exercise guidance with physical activity for improvement of their knee functions was given to both groups. The self‐monitoring materials included an activity monitor and a feedback system so that the self‐monitoring group could send feedback via the Internet and cellular phone. The self‐monitoring was performed by checking exercise adherence and physical activity levels, bleeding history and injection of a coagulation factor. Both groups showed significant improvements in exercise adherence (P < 0.001) and physical function such as the strength of knee extension (P < 0.001), range of knee extension (P < 0.001), range of ankle dorsiflexion (P < 0.01), a modified Functional Reach (P < 0.05) and 10 metre gait time (P < 0.01). In particular, improvements in exercise adherence (P < 0.05), self‐efficacy (P < 0.05), and strength of knee extension (P < 0.05) were significant in the self‐monitoring group compared with those in the control group. No increase in bleeding frequency and pain scale was noted. The self‐monitoring of home exercise for haemophilic patients is useful for the improvement of exercise adherence, self‐efficacy and knee extension strength.
Early lipid changes with atazanavir/ritonavir or darunavir/ritonavir
Authors: Martinez E , Gonzalez‐Cordon A , Ferrer E , Domingo P , Negredo E , Gutierrez F , Portilla J , Curran A , Podzamczer D , Murillas J , Bernardino JI , Santos I , Carton JA , Peraire J , Pich J , Perez I , Gatell JM ,   ATADAR Study Group
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesRitonavir‐boosted atazanavir and darunavir are protease inhibitors that are recommended for initial treatment of HIV infection because each has shown better lipid effects and overall tolerability than ritonavir‐boosted lopinavir. The extent to which lipid effects and overall tolerability differ between treatments with atazanavir and darunavir and whether atazanavir‐induced hyperbilirubinaemia may result in more favourable metabolic effects are issues that remain to be resolved.MethodsA 96‐week randomized clinical trial was carried out. The primary endpoint was change in total cholesterol at 24 weeks. Secondary endpoints were changes in lipids other than total cholesterol, insulin sensitivity, total bilirubin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and CD4 and CD8 cell counts, and the proportion of patients with plasma HIV RNA < 50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL and study drug discontinuation because of adverse effects at 24 weeks. Analyses were intent‐to‐treat.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐eight patients received once‐daily treatment with either atazanavir/ritonavir (n = 90) or darunavir/ritonavir (n = 88) plus tenofovir/emtricitabine. At 24 weeks, mean total cholesterol had increased by 7.26 and 11.47 mg/dL in the atazanavir/ritonavir and darunavir/ritonavir arms, respectively [estimated difference −4.21 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval (CI) −12.11 to +3.69 mg/dL; P = 0.75]. However, the ratio of total to high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol tended to show a greater decrease with atazanavir/ritonavir compared with darunavir/ritonavir (estimated difference −1.02; 95% CI −2.35 to +0.13; P = 0.07). Total bilirubin significantly increased with atazanavir/ritonavir (estimated difference +1.87 mg/dL; 95% CI +1.58 to +2.16 mg/dL; P < 0.01), but bilirubin changes were not associated with lipid changes. Secondary endpoints other than total bilirubin were not significantly different between arms.ConclusionsAtazanavir/ritonavir and darunavir/ritonavir plus tenofovir/emtricitabine did not show significant differences in total cholesterol change or overall tolerability at 24 weeks. However, there was a trend towards a lower total to HDL cholesterol ratio with atazanavir/ritonavir and this effect was unrelated to bilirubin.
“Thinking Familiar with the Interstitial”: An Introduction
Authors: Dotson Kristie 
Published: January 2014

It's not that we haven't always been here, since there was a here. It is that the letters of our names have been scrambled when they were not totally erased, and our fingertips upon the handles of history have been called the random brushings of birds. (Lorde 1990, ix)Because… [racialized peoples'] dehumanization has not been successful, conceiving of self and others and their exercise of themselves both against dehumanization and toward liberatory possibilities has meant living double lives backed up by peopled ways of living, acting, perceiving, thinking familiar with the interstitial, liminal, and with breaking up with, delinking from, colonial modernity. (Lugones, this issue, 20; my emphasis)We are not born women of color. We become women of color. To become women of color, we would need to become fluent in each other's histories, to resist and unlearn an impulse allowing mythologies to replace knowing about one another…. We cannot afford to cease yearning for each other's company. (Alexander 2002, 91; italics in original)
Moral Hazard, Dividends, and Risk in Banks
Authors: Onali Enrico 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn non‐financial firms, higher risk taking results in lower dividend payout ratios. In banking, public guarantees may result in a positive relationship between dividend payout ratios and risk taking. I investigate the interplay between dividend payout ratios and bank risk‐taking allowing for the effect of charter values and capital adequacy regulation. I find a positive relationship between bank risk‐taking and dividend payout ratios. Proximity to the required capital ratio and a high charter value reduce the impact of bank risk‐taking on the dividend payout ratio. My results are robust to different proxies for the dividend payout ratio and bank risk‐taking.
Evolutionary changes in plant tolerance against herbivory through a resurrection experiment
Authors: Bustos‐Segura C. , Fornoni J. , Núñez‐Farfán J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBoth theoretical and empirical works have highlighted the difference in the evolutionary implications of host resistance and tolerance against their enemies. However, it has been difficult to show evolutionary changes in host defences in natural populations; thus, evaluating theoretical predictions of simultaneous evolution of defences remains a challenge. We studied the evolutionary changes in traits related to resistance and tolerance against herbivory in a natural plant population using seeds from two collections made in a period of 20 years. In a common garden experiment, we compared defensive traits of ancestral (1987) and descendant (2007) subpopulations of the annual plant Datura stramonium that shows genetic variation for tolerance and to which the specialist herbivore Lema daturaphila is locally adapted. We also examined the effects of different plant genotypes on the herbivore for testing the plant genetic variation in resistance. Based on the response to the contemporary herbivore populations, results revealed a nonsignificant response in plant resistance traits (herbivore consumption, foliar trichomes and tropane alkaloids), but a significant one in tolerance. The survival of herbivores in laboratory experiments depended on the plant genotype, which suggests genetic variation in plant resistance. Although we cannot identify the selective agent for the change nor exclude genetic drift, the results are consistent with the expectation that when resistance fails to control herbivory, tolerance should play a more important role in the evolution of the interaction.
The effects of sexual selection on life‐history traits: an experimental study on guppies
Authors: Pélabon C. , Larsen L.‐K. , Bolstad G. H. , Viken Å. , Fleming I. A. , Rosenqvist G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSexual selection is often prevented during captive breeding in order to maximize effective population size and retain genetic diversity. However, enforcing monogamy and thereby preventing sexual selection may affect population fitness either negatively by preventing the purging of deleterious mutations or positively by reducing sexual conflicts. To better understand the effect of sexual selection on the fitness of small populations, we compared components of female fitness and the expression of male secondary sexual characters in 19 experimental populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) maintained under polygamous or monogamous mating regimes over nine generations. In order to generate treatments that solely differed by their level of sexual selection, the middle‐class neighbourhood breeding design was enforced in the monogamous populations, while in the polygamous populations, all females contributed similarly to the next generation with one male and one female offspring. This experimental design allowed potential sexual conflicts to increase in the polygamous populations because selection could not operate on adult‐female traits. Clutch size and offspring survival showed a weak decline from generation to generation but did not differ among treatments. Offspring size, however, declined across generations, but more in monogamous than polygamous populations. By generation eight, orange‐ and black‐spot areas were larger in males from the polygamous treatment, but these differences were not statistically significant. Overall, these results suggest that neither sexual conflict nor the purging of deleterious mutation had important effects on the fitness of our experimental populations. However, only few generations of enforced monogamy in a benign environment were sufficient to negatively affect offspring size, a trait potentially crucial for survival in the wild. Sexual selection may therefore, under certain circumstances, be beneficial over enforced monogamy during captive breeding.
Sublethal pesticide exposure disrupts courtship in the striped lynx spider, Oxyopes salticus (Araneae: Oxyopidae)
Authors: Hanna C. , Hanna C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe striped lynx spider, Oxyopes salticus, is a dominant predator of pests in agricultural crops where pesticides are readily applied. While past research shows pesticides directly affect the mortality of agricultural pest predators, recent research has found that pesticide exposure may cause sublethal effects in these organisms. This study examined how residues of three common pesticides (active ingredients: bifenthrin, carbaryl, malathion) impact courtship behaviour of O. salticus. Males provided with cues left by females readily performed courting behaviours. However, when females left cues on a substrate containing bifenthrin and carbaryl, males were less likely to perform courtship behaviours and did so for less time. While males on the malathion treatment showed a trend for reduced courting, this was not significantly different from the treatment without pesticides. The cue produced by females is unknown in this species. However, our study found males reduced their courting over time, suggesting that the cue is ephemeral and not long lived. This study adds important insight into the growing evidence that pesticides greatly impact the ecology of agricultural pest predators and other non‐target organisms by altering their behaviour.
Combined Effect of a Low Permeable Film and Edible Coatings or Calcium Dips on the Quality of Fresh‐Cut Pineapple
Authors: Benítez Sheila , Soro Luis , Achaerandio Isabel , Sepulcre Francesc , Pujolá Montserrat 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis work investigates the effectiveness of alginate and chitosan edible coatings and ascorbate and lactate calcium salts combined with a low permeable film to maintain the quality of fresh‐cut pineapple through 15 days at 4C. Respiration rate, color, firmness, pH, ripening index, juice leakage, total soluble solids in juice leakage and ascorbic acid content were measured. Neither chitosan nor alginate coatings reduce the respiration rate of fresh‐cut pineapple and oxygen values of less than 2% were obtained at the end of the storage. Significant correlations were found between ripening index, pH and luminosity, indicating that these parameters could point to the quality of the pineapple. According to our findings, a calcium lactate dip combined with the use of low permeable film retards the ripening process and reduces the loss of luminosity, enhancing the quality of fresh‐cut pineapple for up to 15 days at 4C.Practical ApplicationsThe juice leakage and color changes are the major causes of deterioration of fresh‐cut pineapple during storage time. Edible coatings and calcium dips are commonly used to prolong the shelf life of fresh‐cut fruits. The present study demonstrates that neither alginate nor chitosan slow down the gas exchange of fresh‐cut pineapple tissue. Calcium lactate prolongs the shelf life of fresh‐cut pineapple by preventing juice leakage production and luminosity reduction. Calcium lactate dips are simple treatments that can improve the marketability of fresh‐cut pineapple.
Ten‐Year Effects of the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly Cognitive Training Trial on Cognition and Everyday Functioning in Older Adults
Authors: Rebok George W. , Ball Karlene , Guey Lin T. , Jones Richard N. , Kim Hae‐Young , King Jonathan W. , Marsiske Michael , Morris John N. , Tennstedt Sharon L. , Unverzagt Frederick W. , Willis Sherry L. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo determine the effects of cognitive training on cognitive abilities and everyday function over 10 years.DesignTen‐year follow‐up of a randomized, controlled single‐blind trial (Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE)) with three intervention groups and a no‐contact control group.SettingSix U.S. cities.ParticipantsA volunteer sample of 2,832 persons (mean baseline age 73.6; 26% African American) living independently.InterventionTen training sessions for memory, reasoning, or speed of processing; four sessions of booster training 11 and 35 months after initial training.MeasurementsObjectively measured cognitive abilities and self‐reported and performance‐based measures of everyday function.ResultsParticipants in each intervention group reported less difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) (memory: effect size = 0.48, 99% confidence interval (CI) = 0.12–0.84; reasoning: effect size = 0.38, 99% CI = 0.02–0.74; speed of processing: effect size = 0.36, 99% CI = 0.01–0.72). At a mean age of 82, approximately 60% of trained participants, versus 50% of controls (P < .05), were at or above their baseline level of self‐reported IADL function at 10 years. The reasoning and speed‐of‐processing interventions maintained their effects on their targeted cognitive abilities at 10 years (reasoning: effect size = 0.23, 99% CI = 0.09–0.38; speed of processing: effect size = 0.66, 99% CI = 0.43–0.88). Memory training effects were no longer maintained for memory performance. Booster training produced additional and durable improvement for the reasoning intervention for reasoning performance (effect size = 0.21, 99% CI = 0.01–0.41) and the speed‐of‐processing intervention for speed‐of‐processing performance (effect size = 0.62, 99% CI = 0.31–0.93).ConclusionEach Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly cognitive intervention resulted in less decline in self‐reported IADL compared with the control group. Reasoning and speed, but not memory, training resulted in improved targeted cognitive abilities for 10 years.