bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HPV prevalence and type distribution in women with normal or abnormal Pap smear in Bulgaria
Authors: Grozdanov Peter , Zlatkov Victor , Ganchev Gancho , Karagiosov Ilko , Toncheva Draga , Galabov Angel S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a well‐known pathogen for lower genital tract neoplasias, yet little is known regarding HPV prevalence in Bulgaria. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HPV DNA and to determine HPV types distribution among women with normal and abnormal cytology. Cervical smears with different cytological diagnoses were collected from 355 Bulgarian patients. The cohort of patients selected is the biggest ever studied in this country. Using the Roche Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test, papillomavirus DNA was found in 217 out of the 355 samples, 164 of which had only one and 53 had more than one HPV type. The distribution of the viruses tested in 355 samples was as follows: (i) the most common type was HPV 16, which was found in 61 samples; (ii) the next most frequent HPV type was HPV 33, found in 14 of the samples. A high prevalence of HPV infection was observed in this study. As HPV infection has a high correlation with cervical cancer, this study emphasizes the need for both primary prevention of cervical cancer with HPV vaccines as well as secondary prevention with screening. Currently, two HPV vaccines are included in the National immunization schedule in Bulgaria. Thus, new clinical studies will benefit from patient stratification by the presence or absence of HPV, and by designing separate clinical trials specifically for HPV associated cancers. J. Med. Virol. 86:1905–1910, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reduced Kinetic Schemes of Complex Reaction Systems: Fossil and Biomass‐Derived Transportation Fuels
Authors: RANZI ELISEO , FRASSOLDATI ALESSIO , STAGNI ALESSANDRO , PELUCCHI MATTEO , CUOCI ALBERTO , FARAVELLI TIZIANO 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe kinetic modeling of the pyrolysis and combustion of liquid transportation fuels is a very complex task for two different reasons: the challenging characterization of the complex mixture of several hydrocarbon isomers and the complexity of the oxidation mechanisms of large hydrocarbon and oxygenated molecules. While surrogate mixtures of reference components allow to tackle the first difficulty, the complex behavior of the oxidation mechanisms is mostly overcome by reducing the total number of involved species by adopting a lumping approach. After a first investigation of the different liquid fuels (gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuels), a short discussion on the lumping techniques allows to highlight the advantages of this approach. The lumped POLIMI pyrolysis and oxidation mechanism of hydrocarbon and oxygenated fuels is then used for generating several skeletal mechanisms for typical surrogate mixtures, moving from pure n‐heptane up to heavy diesel fuels. These skeletal models are simply reduced with a reaction flux analysis, and they involve between 100 and 200 species. While these sizes already allow detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations in internal combustion engines, further reduction phases are necessary when the interest is toward more complex CFD computations. To maintain the standard structure of the skeletal mechanisms, successive reduction phases are not considered. Moreover, new regulations pushed toward a greater use of renewable fuels. For these reasons, the skeletal models are also extended to biogasolines including methanol, ethanol, and n‐butanol. Similarly, skeletal models of diesel and biodiesel fuels, including methyl esters, are also provided. Several comparisons with experimental data and complete validations in the operating range of internal combustion engines are also reported. The whole set of comparisons with experimental data obtained in a wide range of conditions not only validate the reduced models of specific transportation fuels but also the complete kinetic scheme POLIMI_1404.
Impairment in circadian activity rhythms occurs during dexamethasone therapy in children with leukemia
Authors: Rogers Valerie E. , Zhu Shijun , Ancoli‐Israel Sonia , Hinds Pamela S. 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundCircadian rhythm disturbances in adults with cancer are associated with fatigue, time to relapse, and death. This study of circadian activity rhythms (CAR) of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) on continuation chemotherapy aimed to describe CAR before and after starting dexamethasone, and to determine whether fatigue was associated with less robust CAR.ProcedureThis was a secondary analysis of data from a multi‐institutional study in which children with ALL aged 5–18 years wore an actigraph for 10 consecutive 24‐hour periods, five before and five during dexamethasone therapy. CAR parameters measured by actigraphy were calculated for each 5‐day period, including peak activity, MESOR, amplitude, acrophase, and circadian quotient. Fatigue was measured on study days 2, 5, 7, and 10 by parent‐report and self‐report for children ≥7 years.ResultsEighty‐two children qualified for CAR analysis, and 87 for analysis of daily peak activity patterns and fatigue. Mean age was 8.8 ± 3.3 years. Peak activity, MESOR, and amplitude significantly decreased during dexamethasone therapy. Children on high‐dose dexamethasone (8 or 12 mg/m2/d) had significantly higher (better, or more robust) values of several CAR parameters than those on low‐dose (6 mg/m2/d). There was a significant trend of decreasing daily pattern of peak activity during dexamethasone therapy only. Fatigue increased across the study and was associated with decreasing CAR peak activity, MESOR, and amplitude.ConclusionsDexamethasone initiation was associated with a decrease in several CAR parameters, and a significant decrease in the trend of daily peak activity. Fatigue was associated with less robust CAR. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1986–1991. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psycho‐oncologic interventions to reduce distress in cancer patients: a meta‐analysis of controlled clinical studies published in People's Republic of China
Authors: Tao Wei‐Wei , Jiang Ping , Liu Ying , Aungsuroch Yupin , Tao Xiao‐Mei 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to summarize the current result of controlled clinical studies published in China and analyzed the effect of psycho‐oncologic interventions on distress of cancer patients.MethodsElectronic searches were conducted in four databases. The study inclusion criteria were established on the basis of the PICOS (population, intervention, comparator, outcomes, and study design) framework. The main outcome measures were emotional distress, anxiety, and depression. Meta‐analytic techniques were applied to analyze published data from the retrieved studies.ResultsA total of 207 controlled studies (involving 19,607 cancer patients) were included, among which 31 studies (3007 patients) were meta‐analyzed. Pooled analysis showed large effects for psycho‐oncologic interventions on anxiety (d = −8.71, p < 0.001) and depression (d = −8.12, p < 0.001). Health education combined with psychological support (d = −8.17, p = 0.04) or with relaxation training (d = −12.95, p < 0.001) significantly lowered the anxiety level in cancer patients. However, health education combined with relaxation training did not lower the depression levels (p > 0.05). Nurses were the primary health professionals (69.08%) responsible for delivering interventions. Meanwhile, none of the reports followed all the items of the consolidated standards of reporting trials checklist. Most studies suffered from some flaws concerning blinding, randomization procedures, participant follow‐up, attrition, and so on.ConclusionThe findings pointed out that psycho‐oncologic interventions significantly reduced distress in cancer patients of China; however, the quality of the randomized controlled trials was low. In the future, reports on controlled clinical studies should follow the consolidated standards of reporting trials statement and supply more comprehensive information. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanomechanical biomarkers of single circulating tumor cells for detection of castration resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Osmulski Pawel , Mahalingam Devalingam , Gaczynska Maria E. , Liu Joseph , Huang Susan , Horning Aaron M. , Wang Chiou‐Miin , Thompson Ian M. , Huang Tim H.‐M. , Chen Chun‐Liang 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDEmerging evidence shows that nanomechanical phenotypes of circulating tumor cells (CTC) could become potential biomarkers for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).METHODSTo determine the nanomechanical phenotypes of CTCs we applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) employing the PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical (QNM) imaging. We assessed biophysical parameters (elasticity, deformation, and adhesion) of 130 CTCs isolated from blood samples from five castration sensitive (CS) and 12 castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPCa) patients.RESULTSWe found that CTCs from CRPCa patients are three times softer, three times more deformable, and seven times more adhesive than counterparts from CSPCa patients. Both nonsupervised hierarchical clustering and principle component analysis show that three combined nanomechanical parameters could constitute a valuable set to distinguish between CSPCa and CRPCa.CONLUSIONSOur study indicates that nanomechanical phenotypes of CTCs may serve as novel and effective biomarkers for mCRPC. Prostate 74: 1297–1307, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tuning optical a‐SiC/a‐Si active filters by UV bias light in the visible and infrared spectral ranges
Authors: Vieira M. , Vieira M. A. , Rodrigues I. , Silva V. , Louro P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractVisible range to telecom band spectral translation is accomplished using an amorphous SiC pi'n/pin wavelength selector under appropriate front and back optical light bias. Results show that background intensity works as selectors in the infrared region, shifting the sensor sensitivity. Low intensities select the near‐infrared range while high intensities select the visible part according to its wavelength. Here, the optical gain is very high in the infrared/red range, decreases in the green range, stays close to one in the blue region and strongly decreases in the near‐UV range. The transfer characteristics effects due to changes in steady state light intensity and wavelength backgrounds are presented. The relationship between the optical inputs and the output signal is established. A capacitive optoelectronic model is presented and tested using the experimental results. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Raman analysis of gold catalyst vapor liquid solid germanium nanowires
Authors: Israel M. , Moreac A. , Rogel R. , Landesman J. P. , Pichon L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGermanium nanowires (GeNWs) were synthesized in a low pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor (LPCVD) using a vapor‐liquid‐solid process (VLS). In this work, the focus is put on the characterization of these GeNWs using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with Raman spectroscopy. In particular, NWs with conical shape grown at a moderate temperature (320 °C) were investigated in terms of the intensity measured for the Ge‐related Raman line. The two main observations, discussed in this paper, are the anomalous magnitude of this line, as compared to measurements under the same conditions on a Ge(100) substrate, and the oscillations observed when the Raman line intensity is measured while scanning the laser beam along the axis of the conical shaped NWs, from the tip to the bottom. These effects are discussed involving the fact that optical modes appear in such NWs (both for the incident and Raman scattered light) when conditions on the diameter, the laser excitation wavelength, and substrate (on which the NWs are transferred after growth) are fulfilled. Taking into account these specific optical modes, the effects observed can be explained. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improved multimode pushover procedure for asymmetric in plan buildings under biaxial seismic excitation—application to tall buildings
Authors: Manoukas Grigorios , Avramidis Ioannis 
Published: July 2014

SummaryAn improved version of a recently developed multimode pushover procedure for asymmetric in plan buildings under biaxial seismic excitation is presented and evaluated. The proposed methodology is quite similar to the well‐known modal pushover analysis. However, the establishment of the equivalent single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems is based on a new concept, which takes into account multidirectional seismic effects. The proposed methodology does not require independent analysis in the two orthogonal directions, and therefore, the application of simplified directional combination rules is avoided. The improvement presented here consists in definition of correction factors to be applied to the response values at the stiff side of buildings. An extensive evaluation study comprising applications to tall buildings is presented. The response parameters obtained from the proposed methodology in most cases envelope the values resulting from nonlinear dynamic analysis (NDA). Furthermore, the mean errors with regard to the NDA results are smaller than those obtained from a multimode pushover procedure comprising independent analysis along two horizontal axes and directional combination of the results. In general, the proposed methodology provides a reasonable estimation of the seismic performance of asymmetric buildings.
Cellular metabolic, stress, and histological response on exposure to acute toxicity of endosulfan in Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Sharma Rupam , Tripathi Gayatri , Kumar Kundan , Dalvi Rishikesh S. , Krishna Gopal 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTEndosulfan is one of the most hazardous organochlorines pesticides responsible for environmental pollution, as it is very persistent and shows bio‐magnification. This study evaluated the impact of acute endosulfan toxicity on metabolic enzymes, lysozyme activities, heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 expression, and histopathology in Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Among the indicators that were induced in dose dependent manner were the enzymes of amino acid metabolism (serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), carbohydrate metabolism (serum lactate dehydrogenase), pentose phosphate pathway (Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase) as well as lysozyme and Hsp70 in liver and gill, while liver and gill Isocitrate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle enzyme) and marker of general energetics (Total adenosine triphosphatase) were inhibited. Histopathological alterations in gill were clubbing of secondary gill lamellae, marked hyperplasia, complete loss of secondary lamellae and atrophy of primary gill filaments. Whereas in liver, swollen hepatocyte, and degeneration with loss of cellular boundaries were distinctly noticed. Overall results clearly demonstrated the unbalanced metabolism and damage of the vital organs like liver and gill in Tilapia due to acute endosulfan exposure. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 106–115, 2016.
Invasion of the cosmopolitan speciesEchinochloa colonainto herbaceous vegetation of a tropical wetland system
Authors: Andrew Samora M. , Totland Ørjan , Moe Stein R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe negative effects of alien plant species on ecosystem structure and functions are increasingly recognised, and efforts to control these species are vital to restore degraded ecosystems and preserve biodiversity. However, we lack a full understanding of factors that determine alien species invasions along spatial gradients in herbaceous vegetation of tropical systems. We therefore examined the effects of community properties, environmental variables and human‐related disturbance factors on the invasion of the alien grassEchinochloa colona(L.) Link at small‐ and large scales in the Kilombero Valley wetland, Tanzania. Generalized additive mixed models showed thatE. colonaabundance on a small scale was negatively related to above‐ground biomass and evenness of resident species, whereasE. colonaabundance was positively related to grazing intensity. On a large scale, biomass (negatively related toE. colonaabundance) and distance to river (positive) were important in explainingE. colonaabundance. These findings support the assertion that different factors may contribute to the invasion of alien plant species at different spatial scales, as also reported in many temperate systems. Overall, our results show that successful invasion of alien species is a function of plant community properties, human‐related disturbance and favourable environmental conditions. Effective management strategies should consider mitigations that can increase the biomass and evenness of native species and a reduction of grazing pressure to restore the wetland and conserve biodiversity.
An Automated Liquid-Liquid Extraction System Supervised by an Industrial Programmable Logic Controller
Authors: Bostyn S. , Gaucher J. , Christophe G. , Soukehal R. , Porte C. 
Published: July 2014

In the case of development of new products in organic synthesis, the final step of the process must offer the best purity. In this way, the final step is a unit operation of isolation like distillation, crystallisation or liquid-liquid extraction. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate a module of purification on an automated platform for achieving the whole process. In our case, an automated platform was based on Zymark architecture allowing us to automate sample preparation and the reaction steps. For the purification module, we opted to develop our own home module: a liquid-liquid extraction module. This unit operation permits us to separate the final product in the case of peptide synthesis in liquid phase, but equally, in the case of isolation of vegetable molecules. The module capacities had to permit the multistage extraction and the determination of the binodal curve for optimising the process, and to possess in our own system for liberating the Zymark robot for other tasks. The operator interface is developed by using a SCADA (supervisory control).
Assay on FAQ's on Total Lab Automation
Authors: Souverijn John H.M. 
Published: July 2014

The purpose of the introduction of an automated laboratory system in one format or another is reducing the costs of the laboratory by cutting staff. Also speeding up the performance often is a goal. At the same time it is planned to increase the quality of the work done by using automated labelling and reading of documents. The use of vacuum tubes and the handling of these by the apparatus are raising the safety of the labwork. In this paper many aspects of the daily routines when using a TLA system are discussed. The aspects are collected during the discussions before and after the implementation of the Roche CLAS system in our laboratory. Some consequences were foreseen, and others came unexpectedly. But still the subjects form a point of discussion around the TLA systems. The most important message to be picked up is that one really has to consider all possible problems that could arise from the implementation of TLA.
Simulation as a Tool for Optimizing Automated Laboratory Equipment and Processes?
Authors: Schweiker G. , Kumar A. P. , Schuele A. , Dorner J. 
Published: July 2014

In the design of complex automated manufacturing equipment simulation technology has increasingly developed into an essential planning tool which is highly used in the field of semiconductor industry. In the field of laboratory technology a similar trend towards automated systems or automated sequencing of systems can be found. This results in the question if the use of simulation can help detecting optimization potentials in the design of laboratory equipment as well as in laboratory processes. By means of a case study out of the field of clean production the elaborated results help to show the benefits of simulation as a planning tool. With the help of simulation a material flow- and throughput optimized equipment design and therefore required equipment control strategies were ascertained in several iterative runs. The system installation, being in its development stage, was represented realistically in a detailed simulation model. The performance of the system in operation was visualized and then analyzed. Thus, bottlenecks could be localized easily and the equipment design and dimensioning could be reviewed. With the selective simulative examination of different optimization approaches the equipment manufacturer was provided with important data for economical- and investment decisions. The use of simulation technology provides a high planning reliability and helps to avoid planning mistakes already in the stage of system development. This advantages could also be used in future developments in the field of laboratory automation.
EUV ablation of organic polymers at a high fluence
Authors: Liberatore Chiara , Mann Klaus , Müller Matthias , Pina Ladislav , Juha Libor , Rocca Jorge J. , Endo Akira , Mocek Tomas 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A preliminary investigation on short-wavelength ablation mechanisms of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly (1,4-phenylene ether ether-sulfone) (PPEES) by extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation at 13.5 nm using a table-top laser-produced plasma from a gas-puff target at LLG (Göttingen) and at 46.9 nm by a 10 Hz desktop capillary discharge laser operated at the Institute of Physics (Prague) is presented. Ablation of polymer materials is initiated by photo-induced polymer chain scissions. The ablation occurs due to the formation of volatile products by the EUV radiolysis removed as an ablation plume from the irradiated material into the vacuum. In general, cross-linking of polymer molecules can compete with the chain decomposition. Both processes may influence the efficiency and quality of micro(nano)structuring in polymer materials. Wavelength is a critical parameter to be taken into account when an EUV ablation process occurs, because different wavelengths result in different energy densities in the near-surface region of the polymer exposed to nanosecond pulses of intense EUV radiation.
Characterization of the symbiontRickettsiain the mirid bugNesidiocoris tenuis(Reuter) (Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: Caspi-Fluger A. , Inbar M. , Steinberg S. , Friedmann Y. , Freund M. , Mozes-Daube N. , Zchori-Fein E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNesidiocoris tenuis(Reuter) (Heteroptera: Miridae) is an omnivorous insect used for biological control. Augmentative release and conservation ofN. tenuishave been used for pest control in tomato crops. Intracellular bacterial symbionts of arthropods are common in nature and have diverse effects on their hosts; in some cases they can dramatically affect biological control. Fingerprinting methods showed that the symbiotic complex associated withN. tenuisincludesWolbachiaandRickettsia. RickettsiaofN. tenuiswas further characterized by sequencing the16S rRNAandgltAbacterial genes, measuring its amount in different developmental stages of the insect by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and localizing the bacteria in the insect's body by fluorescencein situhybridization. TheRickettsiainN. tenuisexhibited 99 and 96% similarity of both sequenced genes toRickettsia belliiandRickettsiareported fromBemisia tabaci, respectively. The highest amount ofRickettsiawas measured in the 5th instar and adult, and the symbionts could be detected in the host gut and ovaries. Although the role played byRickettsiain the biology ofN. tenuisis currently unknown, their high amount in the adults and localization in the gut suggest that they may have a nutritional role in this insect.