bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To tell or not to tell? Psychopathic traits and response integrity in youth delinquency surveys
Authors: Laajasalo Taina , Aronen Eeva T. , Saukkonen Suvi , Salmi Venla , Aaltonen Mikko , Kivivuori Janne 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with high psychopathy scores are capable of providing valid self‐reports on their own personality traits, but there have been no empirical studies of the effect of psychopathic features on responding to sensitive survey questions about specific behaviours.AimsThe aim of this study is to investigate any relationship between facets of psychopathy and participants' willingness to report antisocial acts in youth delinquency surveys, controlling for demographic variables known to be associated with response integrity.MethodsIn a nationally representative sample of 4,855 Finnish mainstream adolescents aged 15–16, honesty of responding was assessed through direct response integrity questions related to violence, property crime and drug use. Psychopathy was measured with the Antisocial Process Screening Device – Self Report (APSD‐SR).ResultsCallous–unemotional traits and, to a lesser degree, narcissistic features were associated with a dishonest response style, although the effect size was modest.ConclusionsAlthough psychopathy does not seem to influence the capability and willingness to report personality traits accurately, it may be associated with endorsing dishonest responses to questions about specific behaviours that have possible repercussions. Our findings suggest that previously observed associations between adolescents' self‐reported delinquent behaviour and psychopathic traits may be underestimations of the strength of the effects. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Different Synthesis Protocols for Co3O4–CeO2 Catalysts—Part 1: Influence on the Morphology on the Nanoscale
Authors: Yang Jingxia , Lukashuk Liliana , Akbarzadeh Johanna , Stöger‐Pollach Michael , Peterlik Herwig , Föttinger Karin , Rupprechter Günther , Schubert Ulrich 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCo3O4‐modified CeO2 (Co/Ce 1:4) was prepared by a combination of sol–gel processing and solvothermal treatment. The distribution of Co was controlled by means of the synthesis protocol to yield three different morphologies, namely, Co3O4 nanoparticles located on the surface of CeO2 particles, coexistent Co3O4 and CeO2 nanoparticles, or Co oxide structures homogeneously distributed within CeO2. The effect of the different morphologies on the properties of Co3O4–CeO2 was investigated with regard to the crystallite phase(s), particle size, surface area, and catalytic activity for CO oxidation. The material with Co3O4 nanoparticles finely dispersed on the surface of CeO2 particles had the highest catalytic activity.
Quantification of Ion‐Pairing Effects on the Nucleophilic Reactivities of Benzoyl‐ and Phenyl‐Substituted Carbanions in Dimethylsulfoxide
Authors: Corral‐Bautista Francisco , Appel Roland , Frickel Johanna S. , Mayr Herbert 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSecond‐order rate constants for the reactions of acceptor‐substituted phenacyl (PhCOCH−Acc) and benzyl anions (PhCH−Acc) with diarylcarbenium ions and quinone methides (reference electrophiles) have been determined in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution at 20 °C. By studying the kinetics in the presence of variable concentrations of potassium, sodium and lithium salts (up to 10−2 mol L−1), the influence of ion‐pairing on the reaction rates was examined. As the concentration of K+ did not have any influence on the rate constants at carbanion concentrations in the range of 10−4–10−3 mol L−1, the acquired rate constants could be assigned to the reactivities of the free carbanions. The counter ion effects increase, however, in the series K+<Na+<Li+, and the sensitivity of the carbanion reactivities toward variation of the counter ion strongly depends on the structure of the carbanions. The reactivity parameters N and sN of the free carbanions were derived from the linear plots of log k2 against the electrophilicity parameters E of the reference electrophiles, according to the linear‐free energy relationship log k2(20 °C)=sN(N+E). These reactivity parameters can be used to predict absolute rate constants for the reactions of these carbanions with other electrophiles of known E parameters.
The Self‐Assembly of Anticancer Camptothecin–Dipeptide Nanotubes: A Minimalistic and High Drug Loading Approach to Increased Efficacy
Authors: Kim Se Hye , Kaplan Jonah A. , Sun Yuan , Shieh Aileen , Sun Hui‐Lung , Croce Carlo M. , Grinstaff Mark W. , Parquette Jon R. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract20‐(S)‐Camptothecin (CPT)‐conjugated dipeptides are reported that preassemble into nanotubes with diameters ranging from 80–120 nm. These nanoassemblies maintain a high (∼47 %) drug loading and exhibit greater drug stability (i.e., resistance to lactone hydrolysis), and consequently greater efficacy against several human cancer cells (HT‐29, A549, H460, and H23) in vitro compared with the clinically used prodrug irinotecan. A key and defining feature of this system is the use of the CPT‐conjugated dipeptide as both the drug and precursor to the nanostructured carrier, which simplifies the overall fabrication process.
Urea synthesis
Authors: Meessen Jozef 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe history of urea synthesis is followed by a description of the fundamental thermodynamics underlying urea production. The basic chemistry, side reactions and physical chemistry are summarized, after which the way these fundamentals logically result in a number of constraints to urea production processes is explained. Challenges in urea production process design are highlighted. Finally, using a number of recent urea processes as examples, it is shown how these challenges are addressed in the industrial urea production processes currently offered by the main urea process licensors.
Synthetic Strategies towards Well‐Defined Complex Polymeric Architectures through Covalent Chemistry
Authors: Ren Jing M. , Qiao Greg G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMacromolecular architecture is a key factor determining the materials properties of polymers. Exploration of novel structural arrangements has become a viable means to develop advanced functional nanomaterials. Recent developments in polymer chemistry have forged robust synthetic platforms for innovative polymeric materials with highly regulated structures, functionalities, and compositions. This review summarizes the latest synthetic strategies for well‐defined polymer architectures through covalent chemistry, with the focus on four main types of well‐defined macromolecular constructs.
Photodegradation of C‐PCPDTBT and Si‐PCPDTBT: Influence of the Bridging Atom on the Stability of a Low‐Band‐Gap Polymer for Solar Cell Application
Authors: Aygül Umut , Egelhaaf Hans‐Joachim , Nagel Peter , Merz Michael , Schuppler Stefan , Eichele Klaus , Peisert Heiko , Chassé Thomas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe kinetics of photodegradation and the reactivity of different sites of the low‐band‐gap polymers poly[2,6‐(4,4‐bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene)‐alt‐4,7‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)] (C‐PCPDTBT) and poly[2,6‐(4,4‐bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]silole)‐alt‐4,7‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)] (Si‐PCPDTBT) are investigated as thin films and are compared to those of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT). The decay kinetics are monitored with UV/Vis spectroscopy and the reactivity and product evolution are investigated with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Both polymers exhibit higher stability than P3HT. The bridging atom in the cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) subunit has a significant influence on the stability. Varying oxidation rates for the different elements were observed. In the case of Si‐PCPDTBT, the silicon atom is oxidized primarily, whereas the photooxidation rates of the other elements are reduced relative to C‐PCPDTBT. Additionally, XPS experiments with varying excitation energies reveal a significant reaction gradient within a few nanometers of the surface of degraded thin films of C‐PCPDTBT.
Hierarchically Superstructured Prussian Blue Analogues: Spontaneous Assembly Synthesis and Applications as Pseudocapacitive Materials
Authors: Yue Yanfeng , Zhang Zhiyong , Binder Andrew J. , Chen Jihua , Jin Xianbo , Overbury Steven H. , Dai Sheng 
Published: November 2014

AbstractHierarchically superstructured Prussian blue analogues (hexacyanoferrate, M=NiII, CoII and CuII) are synthesized through a spontaneous assembly technique. In sharp contrast to macroporous‐only Prussian blue analogues, the hierarchically superstructured porous Prussian blue materials are demonstrated to possess a high capacitance, which is similar to those of the conventional hybrid graphene/MnO2 nanostructured textiles. Because sodium or potassium ions are involved in energy storage processes, more environmentally neutral electrolytes can be utilized, making the superstructured porous Prussian blue analogues a great contender for applications as high‐performance pseudocapacitors.
Effects of mangrove forest on the biodiversity of macrobenthos under the condition of severe water pollution
Authors: Qiu Guo Yu , Zhou Fufang , Shi Xiuhua 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAlthough it is clear that mangrove (MG) forests have a positive effect on macrobenthos diversity in wetland ecosystems, these effects are not very clear under the condition of severe water pollution. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of MG forests on macrobenthos diversity under severe water pollution in Shenzhen Bay, where water quality is strongly affected by industry and urbanization. For this purpose, we carried out a field study from December 2009 to July 2011 in the MG wetland in Shenzhen Bay, the only MG wetland located near a metropolis in mainland China. Samples were taken monthly from four habitats, namely, a reed fish pond, Gei wai ponds, mudflats and an MG forest. The results show that the seawater in all four habitats is severely polluted, and the total N, NO3‐N, total phosphate, Cd, Pb and chemical oxygen demand are well over the Chinese national class IV level. The high level of organics (chemical oxygen demand and soil organic matter) and nutrients (nitrate nitrogen) has a significant positive influence (P < 0.05) on the density and biomass of macrobenthos but a negative influence (P < 0.05) on the diversity of the macrobenthos community. Despite the fact that the levels of organics and nutrients were also high in the MG habitat, the species biodiversity was also the most abundant of the four investigated habitats. This suggests that MG habitats have a remarkable positive effect on maintaining biological diversity compared with other habitats. Therefore, we suggest that efforts should be made to strengthen the protection of MG forests to maintain their biological diversity and promote a healthy ecological system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes to the energy budget and evapotranspiration following conversion of tropical savannas to agricultural lands in São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: da Silva Bernardo Barbosa , Wilcox Bradford P. , da Silva Vicente de Paulo Rodrigues , Montenegro Suzana Maria Gico Lima , de Oliveira Leidjane Maria Maciel 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn Brazil, as much as 50% of the native tropical savannas and woodlands (known as the Cerrado) have been converted to farmland under intensive agriculture. Land cover change at this scale has important implications for water and energy budgets, but at present, these implications are poorly understood. A promising new technology for elucidating these relationships at large scales is remote sensing; but results obtained by this method need to be verified with ground‐based measurements. For this study, we used remote sensing to estimate changes in energy balance and evapotranspiration (ET) in São Paulo State following conversion of native Cerrado woodlands to cultivated land for sugar cane and eucalyptus. We applied the surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) to ten TM–Landsat 5 images taken during 2005 at two locations (sugar cane fields and Cerrado woodlands). The SEBAL ET results were compared with ET data obtained via eddy covariance. There was good agreement between the two (R2 = 0·87), with no systematic overestimation or underestimation by SEBAL. Our SEBAL analysis indicated that land cover change causes strong shifts in albedo, land‐surface temperature, and vegetation index – all of which affect energy balance and ET. Both the SEBAL and eddy covariance measurements indicate that ET for sugar cane is only about 70% of that for native woodlands. SEBAL estimates found that, for cultivated eucalyptus plantations, ET was about 88% of that for Cerrado forests. Our results indicate that the SEBAL methodology is a reliable tool for estimating energy budgets and ET in Cerrado landscapes and, further, that large‐scale conversion of Cerrado woodlands to agricultural land significantly alters energy budgets and ET. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1/CCL2) contributes to thymus atrophy in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Driss Virginie , Quesnel Bruno , Brinster Carine 
Published: November 2014

Recent studies on acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients have revealed the existence of T‐cell immunodeficiencies, characterized by peripheral T lymphocytes that are unable to interact with blasts, reduced thymic emigrants and oligoclonal restricted repertoires. These observations suggest that there is a profound thymic dysregulation, which is difficult to study in AML patients. Using the C1498 AML mouse model, we demonstrated that leukemia development was associated with thymus atrophy, which was defined by abnormal organ weight and reduced cellularity. In addition, we observed a dramatic loss of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell numbers with increased frequencies of CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory and activated/memory T cells. Investigating the mechanisms leading to this atrophy, we observed a significant accumulation of the monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1/CCL2) in thymi of leukemic mice. Treatment of AML‐bearing animals with a blocking anti‐CCL2 antibody revealed a lower tumor burden, augmented antileukemic T‐cell responses, and improved survival rate compared to nontreated mice. These results were not observed when neutralization of CCL2 was performed in thymectomized mice. Altogether, we show that the CCL2 protein participates in thymic atrophy in AML mice, and this could have important implications for future immunotherapeutic strategies.
Cyclopeptoids as Phase‐Transfer Catalysts for the Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Schettini Rosaria , Nardone Brunello , De Riccardis Francesco , Della Sala Giorgio , Izzo Irene 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe first application of cyclopeptoids in asymmetric phase‐transfer catalysis was examined. A small library of nine alternating N‐substituted‐glycine and proline hexacyclopeptoids was tested in the enantioselective alkylation of N‐(diphenylmethylene)glycine tert‐butyl ester. The presence of an N‐arylmethyl side chain in the catalyst was found to be crucial for the synthesis of α‐amino acids with up to 73 % ee.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of Strained Alkenes with 3‐Pinacolatoboryl‐1‐arylallyl Carboxylates
Authors: Horino Yoshikazu , Takahashi Yu , Kobayashi Ryota , Abe Hitoshi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed cyclopropanation of strained alkenes with 3‐pinacolatoboryl‐1‐arylallyl carboxylates was explored. The reactions proceeded smoothly under mild conditions, and the cyclopropanation products were obtained in good to high yields with high diastereoselectivities if CsF, 18‐crown‐6, and molecular sieves were used as additives. The reaction was hypothesized to proceed through the formation of a putative palladacyclobutene intermediate that needed to be considered to explain the observed stereochemistry.
A new steel framing system for seismic protection of timber platform frame buildings. Implementation with hysteretic energy dissipators
Authors: López‐Almansa Francisco , Segués Edgar , Cantalapiedra Inmaculada R. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThis paper describes a new seismic protection system for timber platform frame buildings, either for new construction or retrofit. The system consists in connecting the timber frame to a steel structure that includes hysteretic energy dissipators designed to absorb most of the seismic input energy thus protecting the timber frame and the other steel members; alternatively, the system might use other types of dissipative devices. The steel structure consists of four steel stacks (located at each of the four façades) and steel collectors embracing each slab; the stacks and the collectors are connected, at each floor level, through the energy dissipators. The steel structure is self‐supporting, that is, the timber frame is not affected by horizontal actions and can be designed without accounting for any seismic provision; in turn, the steel members do not participate in the main load‐carrying system. The timber‐steel interface is designed to avoid any stress concentration in the transfer of horizontal forces and to guarantee that the yielding of the dissipators occurs prior to any timber failure. The energy dissipation capacity of the suggested system is discussed, and an application example on a six‐story timber building is presented; this case corresponds to highly demanding conditions because of the relatively large building height and weight, the high local seismicity, and the soft soil condition. This research belongs to a wider project aiming to promote the structural use of timber by improving the seismic capacity of wooden buildings; this research includes experiments and advanced numerical simulation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long-term effects of binary mixtures of 17α-ethinyl estradiol and dibutyl phthalate in a partial life-cycle test with zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Chen Pengyu , Li Song , Liu Lei , Xu Nan 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Using 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as a typical estrogen and phthalate ester, respectively, their combined in vivo effects on zebrafish (Danio rerio) were investigated from the juvenile state to the adult stage. The authors spiked EE2 (5 ng/L and 20 ng/L) and DBP (0.1 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L) either individually or in mixture. At 45 d postfertilization (dpf), the survival rate of zebrafish was comparable in all treatments. Dibutyl phthalate did not induce vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis, and no interaction was found between EE2 and DBP on VTG induction. At 90 dpf, both liver and gill were subject to more severe damage (lipid vacuoles of hepatocytes, amalgamation of gill lamellae, and clubbing at the tips of the secondary lamellae) when coexposed to these 2 chemicals, compared with single exposure. At 115 dpf, generally none of the binary mixture groups showed significantly different growth and sex ratios compared with the corresponding EE2 alone groups. In conclusion, no obvious interactions were detected between EE2 and DBP on the growth, VTG induction, or sex ratio of zebrafish, and they may act independently. However, the influence on morphology of gonad, liver, and gill induced by exposure to the mixture of EE2 and DBP was generally more potent than that by single exposure to EE2 or DBP, indicating the combined long-term harmful effects of EE2 and DBP on the development of zebrafish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:518–526. © 2014 SETAC
Network coding is the 5G Key Enabling Technology: effects and strategies to manage heterogeneous packet lengths
Authors: Torres Compta Pol , Fitzek Frank H. P. , Lucani Daniel E. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe exponential growth of the mobile devices market, not only smartphones but also tablets, laptops or wearables, poses a serious challenge for 5G communications. Random linear network coding is a promising solution for present and future networks as it has been shown to provide increased throughput, security and robustness for the transmission of data through the network. Most of the analysis and the demonstrators have focused on the study of data packets with the same size (number of bytes). This constitutes a best‐case scenario as coded packets will incur little overhead to handle such packets. However, packet lengths are quite heterogeneous in real networks, which can cause a high overhead or, alternatively, a high delay in the transmission of data packets. As we show, this can have a severe effect on a variety of applications. This paper proposes a series of mechanisms to manage heterogeneous packet lengths and analyses the induced overhead of those mechanisms using real packet length distributions provided by the Center for Applied Internet Data Analysis (CAIDA) and own measurements using video content. Our results show that an appropriate packetisation of the data packets can reduce the overhead from over 100 per cent (zero‐padding packets) to below 5 per cent for CAIDA packet distributions and that the right choice of parameters can reduce the overhead to less than 10 per cent in the case of video data. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computationally effective sampling frequency‐offset estimation for OFDM‐based LTE downlink systems
Authors: You Young‐Hwan , Shin Won‐Jae , Song Hyoung‐Kyu , Paik Jong‐Ho 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we present a low‐complexity sampling frequency‐offset (SFO) estimation scheme suitable for the 3GPP long‐term evolution (LTE) downlink system. First, a novel SFO estimation method for a pilot‐aided orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system is proposed providing a good performance with reduced complexity. To achieve low complexity, the proposed estimation scheme uses a central conjugate‐symmetric primary synchronisation signal specified in the LTE standard, which eases the SFO estimation at the receiver. For performance evaluation, we derive the mean square error expression of the proposed frequency estimation scheme. Simulations show that the proposed frequency estimation scheme can detect the SFO with higher accuracy and much lower complexity, compared with the conventional estimation schemes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modified Lagrangian vortex method with improved boundary conditions for water waves past a thin bottom‐standing barrier
Authors: Chang Kao‐Hao , Lin Meng‐Yu , Huang Liang‐Hsiung 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTHerein, the modified Lagrangian vortex method (LVM), a hybrid analytical‐numerical algorithm per se, is devised to simulate the process of vortex formation and shedding from the sharp edge of a zero‐thickness vertical plate under linear water‐wave attack. Application of the Helmholtz decomposition facilitates a convenient switch between the inviscid‐ and viscous‐flow models, thereby enabling easy incorporation of vorticity effects into the potential‐flow calculations for the viscous‐dominated region. In evaluating the potential‐flow component, making good use of the quickly convergent technique with singular basis functions, correctly capturing the singular behavior in velocity fields near the tip of the plate, leads to a considerable reduction of computational burdens and to 12‐decimal‐place accuracy. The viscous correction is carried out via the meshless LVM with improved boundary conditions. Comparisons with previously published results show good agreement. Simulations of vortex generation and evolution illuminate the ability of the present method, and provide a supplement to pertinent experimental works. The hybrid scheme proposed herein allows flexibility for the former LVM and convenience in the code development. Such a compromise fits particularly well for the high‐resolution modeling of sharp‐edged vortex shedding without heavy numerical developments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.