bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Seasonality of Respiratory Viruses in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lima Jesse T. , Paula Flavia E. , Proença-Modena José L. , Demarco Ricardo C. , Buzatto Guilherme P. , Saturno Tamara H. , Delcaro Luana S. , Tamashiro Edwin , Valera Fabiana C. P. , Arruda Eurico , Anselmo-Lima Wilma T. 
Published: January 2015

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common illness, yet little is known about its pathogenesis, including the role played by respiratory viruses. Methods A transversal prospective study was conducted to analyze the seasonality of CRS using real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect respiratory virus genomes in secretions and tissue samples from patients with CRS with and without nasal polyps. Results The frequency of viral detection was 41% (31/75). The respiratory virus most frequently detected was human rhinovirus, found in 18 patients (24%), followed by human metapneumovirus, human enterovirus, human respiratory sincicial virus, human adenovirus, human bocavirus, human coronavirus, and human influenza virus, detected in 12 (16%), five (6.6%), four (5.3%), four (5.3%), two (2.6%), two (2.6%), and one (1.3%) patient(s), respectively. Although none of the patients presented symptoms when the samples were collected, there was a peak in detection of the most prevalent virus in the autumn and winter seasons of both years, similar to the pattern that occurs in acute conditions. Conclusions The pattern of respiratory virus seasonality found in nasal mucosa, polyps, and paranasal sinus samples in patients with CRS reinforces the possibility of asymptomatic respiratory viral infections.
Expression and Regulation of Interleukin-9 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lin Hai , Lin Dong , Xiong Xi-Sheng , Dai Xiong-Xiong , Lin Ting 
Published: January 2015

Background The pathogenesis of human chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains controversial. Recent evidence has suggested that interleukin (IL)-9 is vital in eliciting inflammatory response, stimulating cell proliferation and preventing apoptosis, through binding to the IL-9 receptor (IL-9R). However, little is known about the roles of both molecules in the etiology of CRS. Therefore, this study aimed to assess IL-9 and IL-9R expression and determine their rolesin the pathophysiology of CRS. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to assess IL-9 and IL-9R immunolabeling. In addition, Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for IL-9 and IL-9R protein and mRNA level quantitation, respectively, in CRS and control subjects. Furthermore, the effects of various stimulators at different concentrations and time on IL-9 were evaluated using nasal explant cultures. Results IL-9 and IL-9R were overexpressed in CRS, especially in CRS with nasal polyps. Interestingly, IL-9 expression was closely related to that of IL-9R. In addition, IL-9 mRNA levels were increased by treatment with IL-4, IL-17A, IL-1beta, and the IL-4 and transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1 combination, but suppressed by interferon gamma and IL-27. Conclusion IL-9 and IL-9R were overexpressed in CRS at both protein and mRNA levels. In addition, IL-4, IL-17A, IL-1beta, and the IL-4 and TGF-beta1 combination contributed to increased IL-9 levels. Our findings indicate that IL-9 may play a proinflammatory role after IL-9R binding to induce mucosal epithelial cell growth, gland epithelial cell proliferation, and inflammatory cell infiltration in CRS. Future studies are required to further define the role of IL-9 in CRS etiology.
Therapeutic Effects of Intranasal Cyclosporine for Eosinophilic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps in a Mouse Model
Authors: Chang Dong-Yeop , Joo Yeon-Hee , Kim Seong-Jae , Kim Jin Hyun , Jung Myeong Hee , Kim Dae Woo , Jeon Sea-Yuong , Kim Sang-Wook 
Published: January 2015

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a principally type 2 T helper cell (Th2)-mediated inflammatory disease. Systemic corticosteroids currently represent the most effective treatment for CRSwNP, but their long-term use is constrained due to their detrimental side effects. Long-term use oftopical steroids is safe, but their efficacy is often limited. Topical cyclosporine has proven to be safe and effective for Th2-mediated diseases such as allergic conjunctivitis. Objective It was hypothesized that topical cyclosporine would be an effective novel drug for the treatment of CRSwNP; its therapeutic efficacy was assessed using a previously established mouse model. Methods After induction of eosinophilic CRSwNP in four-week-old BALB/c mice according to previous protocols, the therapeutic effects of intranasal cyclosporine were evaluated and compared with those of triamcinolone acetonide (TAC). Histopathologic changes were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin for polyp formation and Sirius red staining for eosinophilic infiltration. The production of cytokines in sinonasal tissues, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-y, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-17A, was measured using a cytometric bead array. Results The number of polyp-like lesions was reduced significantly only by systemic TAC, but the degree of eosinophilic infiltration was decreased significantly by topical cyclosporine, the potency of which was similar to that of topical or systemic TAC. Except for IFN-γ, the majority of measured cytokines were reduced significantly by topical cyclosporine, although their effects on IL-2 and IL-13 were less potent than those of systemic TAC. Conclusion Topical cyclosporine might be an effective drug for the management of CRSwNP.
Longitudinal Evaluation of Muscle Composition Using Magnetic Resonance in 4 Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Case Series
Authors: Senesac Claudia R. , Lott Donovan J. , Forbes Sean C. , Mathur Sunita , Arpan Ishu , Senesac Emily S. , Walter Glenn A. , Vandenborne Krista 
Published: January 2015

Background
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an inherited recessive X chromosome-linked disease, is the most severe childhood form of muscular dystrophy. Boys with DMD experience muscle loss, with infiltration of intramuscular fat into muscles.

Objectives
This case series describes the progression of DMD in boys using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Magnetic resonance results are then compared with an established functional timed test.

Methods
Four boys with DMD and 4 healthy age-matched controls were chosen from a larger cohort. Boys with DMD were assessed at 4 time points over 2 years, with controls assessed at baseline only. Progression of the disease was documented by assessing the plantar flexors using MRI and MRS techniques and by assessing ambulation using the 30-Foot Fast Walk Test.

Results
Transverse relaxation time (T2) values were elevated in all boys with DMD at baseline. The lipid ratio increased rapidly as the disease progressed in 2 boys. Discrete changes in T2 in the other 2 boys with DMD indicated a slower disease progression. Magnetic resonance imaging and MRS allowed monitoring of the disease over all time periods regardless of ambulation status.

Limitations
The magnetic resonance data were collected with 2 different magnets at 2 different field strengths (1.5 and 3.0 T). Although we corrected for this difference, care must be taken in interpreting data when different image collection systems are used. This was a case series of 4 boys with DMD taken from a larger cohort study.

Conclusions
Magnetic resonance imaging and MRS are objective, noninvasive techniques for measuring muscle pathology and can be used to detect discrete changes in both people who are ambulatory and those who are nonambulatory. These techniques should be considered when monitoring DMD progression and assessing efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
Pre-emptive analgesia : effect of low dose Ketamine as pre-emptive analgesia in postoperative pain management after lower abdominal surgery
Authors: Ahmed Sajjad , Hossain Md Mozaffer , Khatun UH Shahera 
Published: January 2015

A Prospective randomized placebo-controlled study was done at Dhaka Medical College Hospital to evaluate the effects of low dose Ketamine as preemptive analgesia in post operative pain management after lower abdominal surgery. Sixty patients scheduled for elective total abdominal hysterectomy under General Anaesthesia were randomly divided into three equal groups. In Group-A, patients received 0.5 mg/kg ketamine I/V 90 seconds before incision, in Group-B, patients received the same dose after incision and in Group-C, patients were regarded as controlled, received 0.5 ml distilled water before incision. The patients were premedicated orally by giving Tab. diazepam 5mg with sips of water one hour before induction of anaesthesia. General anaesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium 3-5 mg/kg. Suxamethonium 1.5 mg/kg was given to facilitate endotracheal intubation. The neuromuscular block was continued with vecuronium. Anaesthesia was maintained with N20 (60-70%) and halothane in 02. Halothane was adjusted to maintain the MAP and heart rate within 20% of the pre-induction value. Opioids were not administered during the induction or during the operation. At the end of the anaesthesia, residual neuromuscular block was antagonized with intravenous neostigonine 0.05 mg/kg in atropine 0.02 mg/kg. In the post operative ward following parameters were recorded for 24 hours: recovery status, time of first analgesic demand, pain intensity by VAS & VRS, total opioid consumption, sedation score, haemodynamic status and, complications like nausea, vomiting, delirium and hallucination. Upon the first complaint of moderate pain (>5 on VAS), pethidine 1.5 mg/kg was administered intramuscularly & then repeated 4 hourly. If pain intensity remained >5 on VAS scale, rescue analgesic Pethidine 10 mg was administered intravenously. Time of first demand for analgesic among three groups: Gr- A( preincision): 68.4 ± 6 min; Gr-B (post-incision): 37.4 ± 3.3 min; and Gr-C (Control): 18.9 ± 2.1 min. It is statistically significant (P<0.00) i, e, delayed in Gr. A. Total opioid consumption in 24 hours was: Gr. A: 8.6 ± 0.11 mg/kg, Gr. B: 9.0 ± 0.11 mg/kg and in Gr. C: 9.9 ± 0.14 mg/kg. (P<0.00) i.e. less in Gr. A. The incidence of hallucination and delirium were present in Gr. A & Gr. B but more in Gr. B than Gr. A. Nausea and vomiting were present in three groups. So, it can be concluded that preemptive use of ketamine significantly reduces postoperative pain and spare opioid consumption in the postoperative pain management. Journal of BSA, Vol. 17, No. 1 & 2, 2004 p.17-22DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v17i1.4046
Personalizing Treatment Targets in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Using a Simple Prediction Model
Authors: de Punder Yvonne M.R. , Jansen Tim L.Th.A. , van Ede Annelies E. , den Broeder Alfons A. , van Riel Piet L.C.M. , Fransen Jaap 
Published: January 2015

Objective.To develop a personalized treatment target approach in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on baseline risk factors for joint damage progression in combination with disease activity over time.Methods.Data were used from the Nijmegen early RA cohort. Presence or absence of anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP), high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and erosions were translated into 4 risk profiles: 0, 1, 2, and 3. Joint damage progression was assessed with the Ratingen score, and disease activity with the original Disease Activity Score (DAS) over 3 years. The probability for joint damage progression was calculated for each risk profile and each DAS category using logistic regression models. The probabilities were translated into personalized disease activity treatment targets.Results.More risk factors at baseline as well as a higher DAS level resulted in a higher probability for joint damage progression in a dose-dependent way. Low DAS corresponded with a probability of 0.0, 0.08, 0.20, and 0.58 in patients with 0, 1, 2, and 3 risk factors, respectively. Moderate DAS corresponded with a probability of 0.06 in patients with 0 risk factors and 0.35 with 1 risk factor. High DAS resulted in a probability of 0.50 with no risk factors present at baseline.Conclusion.Presence of anti-CCP, acute-phase response, and erosions at baseline can be used to set individual treatment targets in RA. In patients without these risk factors, a moderate DAS as a target is sufficient, while for patients with all 3 risk factors, a low DAS is not strict enough to limit the risk for joint damage.
A Simplified Baseline Prediction Model for Joint Damage Progression in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Step toward Personalized Medicine
Authors: de Punder Yvonne M.R. , van Riel Piet L.C.M. , Fransen Jaap 
Published: January 2015

Objective.To compare the performance of an extended model and a simplified prognostic model for joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on 3 baseline risk factors: anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP), erosions, and acute-phase reaction.Methods.Data were used from the Nijmegen early RA cohort. An extended model and a simplified baseline prediction model were developed to predict joint damage progression between 0 and 3 years. Joint damage progression was assessed using the Ratingen score. In the extended model, prediction factors were positivity for anti-CCP and/or rheumatoid factor, the level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the quantity of erosions. The prediction score was calculated as the sum of the regression coefficients. In the simplified model, the prediction factors were dichotomized and the number of risk factors was counted. Performances of both models were compared using discrimination and calibration. The models were internally validated using bootstrapping.Results.The extended model resulted in a prediction score between 0 and 5.6 with an area under the receiver-operation characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.77 (95% CI 0.72–0.81). The simplified model resulted in a prediction score between 0 and 3. This model had an area under the ROC curve of 0.75 (95% CI 0.70–0.80). In internal validation, the 2 models showed reasonably well the agreement between observed and predicted probabilities for joint damage progression (Hosmer-Lemeshow test p > 0.05 and calibration slope near 1.0).Conclusion.A simple prediction model for joint damage progression in early RA, by only counting the number of risk factors, has adequate performance. This facilitates the translation of the theoretical prognostic models to daily clinical practice.
Longterm (52-week) Results of a Phase III Randomized, Controlled Trial of Apremilast in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Kavanaugh Arthur , Mease Philip J. , Gomez-Reino Juan J. , Adebajo Adewale O. , Wollenhaupt Jürgen , Gladman Dafna D. , Hochfeld Marla , Teng Lichen L. , Schett Georg , Lespessailles Eric , Hall Stephen 
Published: January 2015

Objective.To evaluate the efficacy and safety of apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, over 52 weeks in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) despite prior treatment.Methods.Patients were randomized to placebo (n = 168), apremilast 20 mg BID (n = 168), or apremilast 30 mg BID (n = 168). Patients whose swollen and tender joint counts had not improved by ≥ 20% at Week 16 were considered nonresponders and were required to be re-randomized (1:1) to apremilast 20 mg BID or 30 mg BID if they were initially randomized to placebo, or continued their initial treatment of apremilast dose. At Week 24, all remaining patients treated with placebo were re-randomized to apremilast 20 mg BID or 30 mg BID.Results.An American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) response at Week 16 was attained by significantly more patients receiving apremilast 20 mg BID (30.4%, p = 0.0166) or 30 mg BID (38.1%, p = 0.0001) than placebo (19.0%). Among patients receiving apremilast continuously for 52 weeks (n = 254), ACR20 response at Week 52 was observed in 63.0% (75/119, 20 mg BID) and 54.6% (71/130, 30 mg BID) of patients. Response was also maintained across secondary outcomes, including measures of PsA signs and symptoms, skin psoriasis severity, and physical function. The nature, incidence, and severity of adverse events were comparable over the 24-week and 52-week periods. The most common adverse events, diarrhea and nausea, generally occurred early and were self-limited.Conclusion.Continuous apremilast treatment resulted in sustained improvements in PsA for up to 52 weeks. Apremilast had an acceptable safety profile and was generally well tolerated. Clinical trial registration: NCT01172938.
La personne détenue encore à la recherche de son juge en France
Authors: Ferran Nicolas 
Published: January 2015

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les décisions de l’administration pénitentiaire font l’objet en France d’un contrôle grandissant de la part du juge administratif. L’émergence et l’élargissement de ce contrôle s’est opéré sous l’influence notable de la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme, et dans un contexte notamment marqué par l’activisme contentieux des associations de protection des droits de l’Homme et de certains avocats militants. La question de l’effectivité du droit au recours des personnes doit cependant être posée à l’aune des limites que connaît encore, sur un plan juridique, le contrôle juridictionnel des actes de l’administration pénitentiaire. La timidité du contrôle des sanctions disciplinaires prononcées contre les détenus, le mouvement jurisprudentiel récent visant à dispenser l’administration pénitentiaire de l’obligation légale de motiver certaines de ses décisions, ou encore la jurisprudence restrictive en matière de référé dans le contentieux pénitentiaire sont une illustration de ces limites. La « qualité » du contrôle juridictionnel opéré par le juge administratif doit ainsi être, à certains égards, sérieusement interrogée.
De l'affrontement à la réconciliation
Authors: Weibert Arthus Wien 
Published: January 2015

François Duvalier, après des années d’hostilité avec le clergé catholique puis de longues négociations avec le Vatican, a réussi à « indigéniser » l’épiscopat catholique et mettre fin à la prédominance française dans les affaires de l’Église d’Haïti. Cet article montre cependant que le président haïtien n’a pas simplement poursuivi l’idéal de doter son pays d’un clergé indigène. Il a surtout cherché à dominer une puissante institution considérée comme un corps de l’État mais qui fait allégeance à un pouvoir étranger.
La laïcité en Haïti
Authors: Saint Paul Jean Eddy 
Published: January 2015

Cet article s’oppose à des erreurs courantes dans les débats intellectuels sur les notions de « laïcité de l’État » et « laïcité de la république » en Haïti depuis 2005. Il s’agit de montrer qu’il n’y a pas forcément une « affinité élective » entre « laïcité » et « république » et que le libéralisme politique est sans doute le meilleur courant paradigmatique permettant d’atteindre le « seuil » le plus élevé en matière de laïcité. Dans cette perspective, l’établissement d’un État laïc en Haïti nécessite l’autonomisation des sphères politiques et religieuses et l’élaboration de normes collectives et de politiques publiques non influencées par une quelconque doctrine religieuse.
Le secteur vodou en Haïti
Authors: Béchacq Dimitri 
Published: January 2015

Cet article examine l’histoire récente du secteur vodou en Haïti, de la fin de la dictature duvaliériste en 1986, jusqu’à l’élection du « Pape vodou » en 2008, en passant par l’institutionnalisation du culte pendant les années 1990. Ce secteur trouve ses racines historiques dans les années 1930-1940, période pendant laquelle le mouvement indigéniste et l’ethnologie haïtienne situent le vodou au cœur du nationalisme culturel. Ce dernier fut revisité par des acteurs religieux faisant de ce culte la matrice historique et identitaire d’Haïti et des Haïtiens. L’analyse croisée des trajectoires sociales, des discours médiatiques, des pratiques religieuses et des orientations idéologiques de ces acteurs montre comment le secteur vodou s’est construit entre des carrières personnelles, l’institutionnalisation d’un fait religieux hétérogène et l’influence des intérêts étrangers.
Denoising magnetic data using steering kernel regression
Authors: Tronicke Jens , Böniger Urs 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTGround‐based magnetic surveying is a common geophysical method to explore near‐surface environments in a non‐destructive manner. In many typical applications (such as archaeological prospection), the resulting anomaly maps are often characterized by low signal‐to‐noise ratios and, thus, the suppression of noise is a key step in data processing. Here, we propose the steering kernel regression (SKR) method to denoise magnetic data sets. SKR has been recently developed to suppress random noise in images and video sequences. The core of the method is the steering kernel function which represents a robust estimate of local image structure. Using such a kernel within an iterative regression based denoising framework, helps to minimize image blurring and to preserve the underlying structures such as edges and corners. Because such filter characteristics are desirable for random noise attenuation in potential field data sets, we apply the SKR method for processing high‐resolution ground‐based magnetic data as they are typically collected in archaeological applications. We test and evaluate the SKR method using synthetic and field data examples and also compare it to more commonly employed denoising strategies relying, for example, on fixed filter masks (e.g., Gaussian filters). Our results show that the SKR method is successful in removing random and acquisition related noise present in our data. Concurrently, it preserves the local image structure including the amplitudes of anomalies. As demonstrated by derivative based transformations, the mentioned filter characteristics significantly impact subsequent processing steps and, therefore, result in an improved analysis and interpretation of magnetic data. Thus, the method can be considered as a promising and novel approach for denoising ground‐based magnetic data.
Combining surface waves and common methods for shallow geophysical survey
Authors: Gaždová Renata , Kolínský Petr , Vilhelm Jan , Valenta Jan 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTGeophysical data were acquired during a survey of the Hluboká Fault in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. The recorded surface waves are studied in the frequency range 8‐200 Hz. Phase velocity dispersion curves of Rayleigh and Love waves are determined from pairs of three‐component seismograms with a 5 m receiver spacing by means of a frequency‐time analysis along the profile. Rayleigh waves are analysed on the vertical (Z) and radial (R) components and Love waves on the transversal (T) component. Dispersion curves from the vertical component are then inverted to 1‐D S‐wave velocity models using the isometric method. A set of 1‐D S‐wave velocity models representing a pseudo 2‐D S‐wave velocity distribution along the profile is obtained.This velocity distribution is compared with the results of other geophysical methods and also with direct observation from a shallow paleoseismic trenching. A combination of the S‐wave velocities obtained from the surface wave analysis and P‐wave velocities from refraction tomography is used to estimate the Poisson ratio distribution. It is shown that the resolution capabilities of surface waves are comparable in this case with electric resistivity tomography in near surface medium and with P‐wave tomography in the depths exceeding approx. 15 metres.