bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness Measurement Promises to Improve Cardiovascular Risk Evaluation in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Jacoby Douglas , Hajj Jihane , Javaheri Ali , deGoma Emil , Lin Alexander , Ahn Peter , Quon Harry 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundRadiation‐treated head and neck cancer (HNC) patients are at high risk for developing radiation vasculopathy, as evidenced by an increased stroke risk. The benefits of screening and assessing the cardiovascular (CV) risk of HNC patients using carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) ultrasound are not known. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of high CV risk in patients without known CV diseases who received radiation for HNC, determine the percentage of screened patients who had a change in clinical management as a result of an increased CIMT, and to compare this risk‐assessment tool to patients' risk classification using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and Pooled Cohort Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) Risk Equation (recommended by American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk).HypothesisRisk calculators may not accurately predict risk in this population with a unique risk factor. Carotid IMT may be used to detect radiation vasculopathy in HNC patients.MethodsRetrospective medical chart review was conducted on 134 radiation‐treated HNC patients. The main outcome measures were CV risk (as determined by CIMT) and clinical management. Also, the FRS and the Pooled Cohort ASCVD Risk Equation were used to compare classification with CIMT.ResultsApproximately 74% of the cases were at high CV risk using CIMT technique. Approximately half of the HNC patients screened had a change in clinical management characterized by recorded initiation of aspirin and recorded initiation or increase of statin therapies. The FRS and the Pooled Cohort ASCVD Risk Equation failed to detect 40% to 50% of cases found to be at high risk using the CIMT technique.ConclusionsCarotid IMT identified a much greater percentage of radiation‐treated HNC patients at high CV risk compared with standard CV‐risk calculators. By more accurately identifying the patients at high risk, this may lead to more effective prevention, and therefore a reduction in CV events.
Contemporary Trends of Optimal Evidence‐Based Medical Therapy at Discharge for Patients Surviving Acute Myocardial Infarction From the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry
Authors: Lee Jang Hoon , Bae Myung Hwan , Yang Dong Heon , Park Hun Sik , Cho Yongkeun , Jeong Myung Ho , Kim Young Jo , Kim Kee‐Sik , Hur Seung Ho , Seong In Whan , Cho Myeong Chan , Kim Chong Jin , Chae Shung Chull ,   for the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry Investigators
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundTemporal trends of evidence‐based optimal medical therapy (OMT) at discharge after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have not been investigated in recent years.HypothesisOMT should have been increased in AMI and gap between guidelines and practices in its use should have been narrowed.MethodsWe examined discharge medications of 17,578 post‐MI patients who had no documented contraindications to antiplatelet agents, β‐blockers, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, or statins across a 6‐year period (divided into subperiods of November 2005 to December 2006 [period 1], 2007 [period 2], 2008 [period 3], 2009 [period 4], 2010 [period 5], and January to June 2011 [period 6]) in the Korean AMI Registry. OMT was defined as use of all 4 indicated medications.ResultsMarked increases in OMT (48.6% to 63.2%) were seen irrespective of age and sex, mainly attributed to marked increases in the use of β‐blockers (70.3% to 83.7%) and statins (76.9% to 82.6%) from period 1 to period 6. The gap in use of OMT between men and women narrowed over time between the first and second 3 periods, but not between the young and the elderly. Advanced age (odds ratio [OR]: 0.88, P = 0.04) was independently associated with underuse of OMT. Adjusted ORs for OMT from period 1 to period 6 were as follows: 1, 1.14 (P = 0.024), 1.21 (P = 0.001), 1.40 (P < 0.001), 1.47 (P < 0.001), and 1.69 (P < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsDespite gradual increase in OMT over time, the gap between guidelines and practices in use of OMT continues to exist.
Effects of the Inhalation of the M3 Receptor Antagonist Bencycloquidium Bromide in A Mouse Cigarette Smoke‐Induced Airway Inflammation Model
Authors: Zhang Shui‐Juan , Jiang Jun‐Xia , Ren Qian‐Qian , Xie Qiang‐Min , Xiong Yao‐Kang 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

Bencycloquidium bromide (BCQB), a novel M3 receptor antagonist, alleviates airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and airway remodeling in a murine model of asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti‐inflammatory activity of inhaled BCQB in a cigarette smoke (CS)‐induced model of acute lung inflammation. Mice exposed to CS developed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Inhalation of BCQB suppressed the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in airways and lung and also inhibited the CS‐induced increases in mRNA levels of keratinocyte‐derived chemokine, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, and interleukin‐1β in lung and protein expression levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, BCQB (300 μg/ml) inhibited the CS‐induced changes in superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase activities in the lungs. Our study suggests that BCQB might be a potential therapy for inflammation in CS‐induced pulmonary diseases, including COPD. Drug Dev Res 73 : 123–131, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Iron Hydrides by Selective C–F/C–H Bond Activation in Fluoroarylimines and Their Applications in Catalytic Reduction Reactions
Authors: Wang Lin , Sun Hongjian , Li Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe reactions of Fe(PMe3)4 with different 2,6‐diflurophenylarylimines 1–5 were explored. Fluoroarylimines 1–3, the aryl rings of which are substituted with electron‐withdrawing groups, reacted with Fe(PMe3)4 to afford the C–H activation products 6–8. However, if the aryl rings of the fluoroarylimines were substituted with electron‐donating groups, the iron hydrides 9 and 10 were obtained from the reactions of the fluoroarylimines with Fe(PMe3)4 through C–F bond activation. In a further study, silanes, especially triethoxysilane, were found to benefit the reactions and improve the yields of the hydridoiron complexes. The three‐component reaction of Fe(PMe3)4, a fluoroarylimine, and a silane could also be utilized in reactions involving 2,6‐(CH3)2C6H3–C(=NH)–2,6‐F2C6H3 (13) and 2,6‐F2C6H3–C(=NH)–C6F5 (16) to synthesize iron hydrides (15 and 18). The hydridoiron complexes could be utilized as efficient catalysts in the hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones. Furthermore, cinnamaldehydes were selectively reduced to the corresponding cinnamyl alcohols in high yields. The mechanism of the catalytic reduction reaction was studied extensively through operando IR spectroscopy.
Comparative Study of Nanostructured Matrices Employed in the Development of Biosensors Based on HRP Enzyme for Determination of Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Santos Antonio S. , Costa Vinicius C. , Felício Roberto C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper made a comparative study of new matrices of nanostructured materials (multiwall carbon nanotube, fullerene and hydroxylated fullerene) aiming to compare them when employed in the process of immobilization of enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on the development of amperometric biosensors for the determination phenolic compounds. The results confirm that all the three nanostructured matrices used in the preparation of the biosensor show improvements when acting as a transducer stabilizer and immobilization matrix, comparing to the electrode of carbon paste. Regarding the performance of these matrices it is verified that the developed biosensor employed the multiwall carbon nanotube as matrix immobilized enzyme HRP has shown the best sensitivity for the molecule of phenol (33 nA cm−2 µmol−1 L), however, regarding the range of linear response, the elaborated biosensor containing the hydroxylated fullerene has shown the best response (5–200 µmol L−1). In terms of operational stability, the biosensors maintained their responses around 95 % after more than 200 analyzes. It is also important to mention that in all the cases, the association with the graphite powder improves the answers of the biosensors around 10 to 15 %.
Large wood in central Appalachian headwater streams: controls on and potential changes to wood loads from infestation of hemlock woolly adelgid
Authors: Costigan Katie H. , Soltesz Paul J. , Jaeger Kristin L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLarge wood (LW) is an important component of forested headwater streams. The character of LW loads reflects a balance between adjacent valley processes that deliver LW to the channel (herein recruitment processes) and stream channel processes that either retain or transport LW through the reach (herein retention processes). In the central Appalachian Mountains, USA, LW characteristics in headwater streams located in eastern hemlocks (Tsuga candensis) forests are expected to change because of infestation of hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae, HWA), an exotic, invasive insect. We examined LW characteristics in 24 headwater streams ranging from un‐infested to severe infestation, as determined by hemlock canopy health. The objectives of this work were to: (i) quantify wood loads; (ii) assess the relative importance of valley recruitment and in‐stream retention mechanisms in controlling reach‐scale wood loads; and (iii) assess if there was a detectable influence of HWA on LW loads. We hypothesized that LW loads would be similar to other forested streams in eastern USA and dominated by recruitment processes. In addition, higher LW loads would correspond with advanced HWA infestation. Mean wood frequency was 38 pieces/100 m ± 17 (standard deviation); mean wood volume was 3.69 m3/100 m ± 2.76. In general, LW load characteristics were influenced by both recruitment and retention parameters; jam (accumulations ≥ 3 pieces) characteristics were dominated by retention parameters. Results suggest that adjacent stand basal area influences LW loads and once LW is recruited to the channel, streams lack sufficient hydraulic driving forces, despite having lower resistance structures, to transport LW out of the reach. Sites in moderate decline had higher proportions of short (1–2 m and 1–4 m) and very long (>10 m) LW with higher frequency of jams that were low in volume. We present a hypothesized conceptual model of expected changes to LW loads associated with HWA infestation and hemlock mortality. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trajectories of depressive symptoms and oral health outcomes in a community sample of older adults
Authors: Hybels Celia F. , Bennett Joan M. , Landerman Lawrence R. , Liang Jersey , Plassman Brenda L. , Wu Bei 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveAdverse outcomes associated with chronic depressive symptoms are of clinical importance. The objective was to identify subgroups of older adults based on their trajectories of depressive symptoms over a 10‐year period and determine if these subgroups predicted oral health outcomes.MethodsThe sample was 944 adults aged 65+ who participated in the oral health module of the the Health and Retirement Survey in 2008. Depressive symptoms were measured with a modified version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression (CES‐D) scale. Latent class trajectory analysis was used to identify distinct subgroups of elders based on their CES‐D scores from 1998–2008. Group membership was used to predict self‐rated oral health, overall mouth condition (problems with bleeding gums, gum sensitivity, and food avoidance), and edentulism in 2008.ResultsThree distinct subgroups were identified using zero‐inflated Poisson regression models: (i) minimal depressive symptoms over the study period (43%), (ii) low but generally stable level of depressive symptoms (41%), and (iii) moderate symptoms and higher CES‐D scores than the other groups over the 10 years (16%). Controlling for demographic and health variables and edentulism status, having a trajectory of moderate symptoms was associated with poorer mouth condition (p < 0.0001) and poorer self‐rated oral health (p = 0.0003) compared with those with minimal symptoms. Having low levels of depressive symptoms was not significantly associated with these two outcomes. Group membership was not significantly associated with the probability of edentulism.ConclusionsChronic moderate depressive symptoms are associated with poorer oral health in older adults. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proposal for methods of diagnosis of fish bone foreign body in the Esophagus
Authors: Woo Seung Hoon , Kim Kyung Hee 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the methods of diagnosis of fish bone foreign body in the esophagus and suggest a diagnostic protocol.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsA prospective study was performed on 286 patients with a history of fish bone foreign body impaction. Among them, 88 patients had negative findings in the oral cavity and laryngopharynx. Subsequent radiologic assessment of these patients included plain radiography and computed tomography (CT). Sixty‐six patients showed positive findings in the esophagus, and an attempt was made to remove the obstruction using transnasal esophagoscopy.ResultsIn 66 patients, a fish bone foreign body was detected in the esophagus by CT. In contrast, plain radiography detected a foreign body in only 30 patients. The overall detection rate of plain radiography compared with CT for fish bones was 45.5%. Plain radiography detected 35.9% of the simple type fish bones and 54.5% of the gill bone detected by CT. However, jaw bones had a detection rate of 100% with both methods. The fish bone foreign bodies were most commonly located in the upper esophagus (n = 65, 98.5%), followed by the lower esophagus (n = 1, 1.5%).ConclusionCT is a useful method for identification of esophageal fish bone foreign bodies. Therefore, CT should be considered as the first‐choice technique for the diagnosis of esophageal fish bone foreign body.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:2472–2475, 2015
New Finds from the Cremains in Tomb II at Aegae Point to Philip II and a Scythian Princess
Authors: Antikas T. G. , Wynn‐Antikas L. K. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEarlier osteoarchaeological studies on cremains of the two individuals from Tomb II at Aegae led to endless debates on the identity of the dead. After re‐examining the bones with Computerized Tomography (or CAT scan) (CT) and X‐Ray Fluorescent scanning (XRF) support, our research team has found new evidence identifying the dead man in the main chamber as Philip II and the woman in the antechamber as the daughter of King Atheas killed in a battle against Philip II in 339BC. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrinsic disorder of human Yin Yang 1 protein
Authors: Górecki Andrzej , Bonarek Piotr , Górka Adam Kazimierz , Figiel Małgorzata , Wilamowski Mateusz , Dziedzicka‐Wasylewska Marta 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTYY1 (Yin Yang 1) is a zinc finger protein with an essential role in various biological functions via DNA– and protein–protein interactions with numerous partners. YY1 is involved in the regulation of a broad spectrum of cellular processes such as embryogenesis, proliferation, tumorigenesis, and snRNA transcription. The more than 100 reported targets of the YY1 protein suggest that it contains intrinsically disordered regions that are involved in such diverse interactions. Here, we present a study of the structural properties of human YY1 using several biochemical and biophysical techniques (fluorescence, circular dichroism, gel filtration chromatography, proteolytic susceptibility) together with various bioinformatics approaches. To facilitate our exploration of the YY1 structure, the full‐length protein as well as an N‐terminal fragment (residues 1–295) and the C‐terminal DNA binding domain were used. We found the N‐terminus to be a non‐compact fragment of YY1 with little residual secondary structure and lacking a well‐defined tertiary structure. The results of our study indicate that YY1 belongs to the family of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which exist natively in a partially unfolded conformation. Proteins 2015; 83:1284–1296. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EBIC investigations of dislocations in ELOG GaN
Authors: Yakimov E. B. , Polyakov A. Y. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDislocations in the ELOG n‐GaN films have been studied by the Electron Beam Induced Current (EBIC) method. The effect of dopant concentration and diffusion length values on the dislocation EBIC profile is revealed. It is shown that the width of dislocation image in the EBIC mode decreases with a diffusion length decrease and the dopant concentration increase. In the crystals with the submicron diffusion length the individual dislocations can be separated in the EBIC images up to the dislocation densities higher that 109cm‐2. The radius of dislocation related defect cylinder was found to increase with the dopant concentration decreasing that could be explained under an assumption that dislocations in GaN are charged. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hybrid position/force control of an active handheld micromanipulator for membrane peeling
Authors: Wells Trent S. , Yang Sungwook , MacLachlan Robert A. , Lobes Louis A. , Martel Joseph N. , Riviere Cameron N. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundPeeling procedures in retinal surgery require micron‐scale manipulation and control of sub‐tactile forces.MethodsHybrid position/force control of an actuated handheld microsurgical instrument is presented as a means for simultaneously improving positioning accuracy and reducing forces to prevent avoidable trauma to tissue. The system response was evaluated, and membrane‐peeling trials were performed by four test subjects in both artificial and animal models.ResultsMaximum force was reduced by 56% in both models compared with position control. No statistically significant effect on procedure duration was observed.ConclusionsA hybrid position/force control system has been implemented that successfully attenuates forces and minimizes unwanted excursions during microsurgical procedures such as membrane peeling. Results also suggest that improvements in safety using this technique may be attained without increasing the duration of the procedure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review of blood diseases and cytopenias associated with human parvovirus B19 infection
Authors: Kerr Jonathan R. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryParvovirus B19 is a single‐stranded DNA virus which preferentially targets the erythroblast resulting in red cell aplasia, which is temporary in immunocompetent persons. Since the discovery of B19 virus in 1975, a wide variety of blood diseases and cytopenias affecting several blood cell lineages have been documented during or following B19 infection. These include cytopenias affecting the erythroid, megakaryoblastoid, myeloid and lymphoid lineages, as well as a variety of bicytopenias, pancytopenia, bone marrow necrosis / fat embolism syndrome, myelodysplastic syndrome, leucoerythroblastopenia, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. B19 infection may also complicate and precede the course of acute leukemia, the significance of which remains to be determined.This review describes the current state of knowledge of the abnormalities of individual blood cell lineages encountered during parvovirus B19 infection, over the almost 40 years since its discovery, and reveals some very interesting themes, which improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of B19 infection with particular reference to the bone marrow. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ebola virus outbreak, updates on current therapeutic strategies
Authors: Elshabrawy Hatem A. , Erickson Timothy B. , Prabhakar Bellur S. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryFiloviruses are enveloped negative‐sense single‐stranded RNA viruses, which include Ebola and Marburg viruses, known to cause hemorrhagic fever in humans with a case fatality of up to 90%. There have been several Ebola virus outbreaks since the first outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1976 of which, the recent 2013–2015 epidemic in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone is the largest in recorded history. Within a few months of the start of the outbreak in December 2013, thousands of infected cases were reported with a significant number of deaths. As of March 2015, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there have been nearly 25 000 suspected cases, with 15 000 confirmed by laboratory testing, and over 10 000 deaths. The large number of cases and the high mortality rate, combined with the lack of effective Food and Drug Administration‐approved treatments, necessitate the development of potent and safe therapeutic measures to combat the current and future outbreaks. Since the beginning of the outbreak, there have been considerable efforts to develop and characterize protective measures including vaccines and antiviral small molecules, and some have proven effective in vitro and in animal models. Most recently, a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies has been shown to be highly effective in protecting non‐human primates from Ebola virus infection. In this review, we will discuss what is known about the nature of the virus, phylogenetic classification, genomic organization and replication, disease transmission, and viral entry and highlight the current approaches and efforts, in the development of therapeutics, to control the outbreak. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ShoVAT: Shodan‐based vulnerability assessment tool for Internet‐facing services
Authors: Genge Béla , Enăchescu Călin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractShodan has been acknowledged as one of the most popular search engines available today, designed to crawl the Internet and to index discovered services. This paper expands the features exposed by Shodan with advanced vulnerability assessment capabilities embedded into a novel tool called Shodan‐based vulnerability assessment tool (ShoVAT). ShoVAT takes the output of traditional Shodan queries and performs an in‐depth analysis of service‐specific data, that is, service banners. It embodies specially crafted algorithms which rely on novel in‐memory data structures to automatically reconstruct Common Platform Enumeration names and to proficiently extract vulnerabilities from National Vulnerability Database. Compared with the state of the art, ShoVAT brings several novel and significant contributions because it encompasses automated vulnerability identification techniques, it can return highly accurate results with customized and even purposefully modified service banners, and it supports historical service vulnerability analysis without the need to deploy additional monitoring infrastructures. The experiments performed on 1501 services in 12 different institutions across different sectors revealed high accuracy of results and a total of 3922 known vulnerabilities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.