bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruyendo el significado de calidad de vida de los cuidadores en el cuidado: una metasíntesis
Authors: Carreño Moreno Sonia Patricia , Chaparro Diaz Lorena 
Published: August 2015

<p>Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles afectan la calidad de vida de las personas que las padecen y de sus cuidadores familiares. Se ha demostrado que se cambian los estilos de vida, aparece el dolor y las limitaciones, se altera la socialización y surgen sentimientos de pérdida y muerte. Se requiere por esto hacer una revisión sistemática del conocimiento generado para construir teóricamente<br />el concepto de calidad de vida de los cuidadores familiares.</p><p><strong>Objetivo:</strong> Realizar una integración interpretativa a partir de la evidencia científica del fenómeno de calidad de vida de cuidadores de personas con enfermedad crónica.</p><p><strong>Método:</strong> Metasíntesis de 24 artículos publicados de investigaciones científicas del fenómeno de calidad de vida de cuidadores de personas con enfermedad crónica, de bases de datos electrónicas reconocidas en enfermería y salud a partir del método de Sandelowski y Barroso (2006).</p><p><strong>Resultados:</strong> Emergió un planteamiento hipotético denominado Reconstruyendo el significado de calidad de vida de los cuidadores en el cuidado que se sustenta en tres momentos para el significado de calidad de vida: vivir en desasosiego,<br />vivir para la calidad de vida del otro y construir la propia calidad de vida.</p><p><strong>Conclusiones</strong>: La reconceptualización de la calidad de vida de los cuidadores genera en el cuidador una forma diferente de percibir su experiencia, la cual está condicionada por los asuntos morales que están asociados a la labor de ser cuidador y las opciones de desarrollo humano con el significado espiritual emergente. La construcción del significado de calidad de vida para el cuidador se da a través de la experiencia de cuidado, edificándose en el ejercicio de su rol de cuidador, el cual responde a factores estrechamente relacionados con lo moral y evoluciona tomando un significado espiritual.</p>
Corrosion and Coating of Advanced Materials
Authors: Yoshimura M. , Stott F.H. 
Published: August 2015

Most metals are thermodynamically unstable and tend to change to more stable phases by reaction with their service environment. These oxidation or corrosion processes are usually controlled by kinetic factors, and the rate often increases with increasing temperature. Degradation by these processes is an important, often life-limiting, factor for critical components in thermal-power systems and other high-temperature process plants, and it can have considerable economic and technical consequences. Corrosion can be particularly severe, for example, inGas-turbine blades and vanes, Gas coolers in coal-gasification systems, Superheaters and reheaters in coaland oil-fired boilers, In-bed tubes in fluidized-bed coal combustion systems, Components in high-temperature fuel cells, Components in steam-reforming plants, Components in incinerator plants, and Exhaust systems (e.g., automobiles).Although there is considerable awareness of such problems and much attention is given to the materials requirements for high-temperature systems, failures still occur and can be catastrophic (fire, explosion, burst tube, etc). Plant conditions and control are particularly important since damage can occur due to overheating and overstressing when a material is taken beyond its physical, mechanical, and chemical limits or due to so-called dew-point corrosion when the system is cooled and acidic vapors condense to electrolytically corrode unprotected surfaces.The oxidation of metals and alloys in oxygen at high temperatures is now reasonably well-understood. Indeed, alloys have been successfully developed to resist environmental attack in such atmospheres. The oxidation resistance of these materials is due to the presence of alloying elements—such as chromium, aluminum, and silicon—which can react with oxygen to form stable, protective, external oxide scales on the component surface, thereby inhibiting further high-temperature degradation.
Taurodontism, Root Dilaceration, and Tooth Transposition: A Radiographic Study of a Population with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Weckwerth Giovana Maria , Santos Carlos F. , Brozoski Daniel T. , Centurion Bruna S. , Pagin Otávio , Lauris José Roberto P. , Carvalho Izabel Maria M. , Neves Lucimara T. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives In an effort to contribute to proper dental planning and define possible dental phenotypes of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), this study aimed to investigate the occurrence of taurodontism, root dilaceration, and tooth transposition in persons with nonsyndromic CL/P, specifically analyzing the differences among gender, cleft types, and the most affected teeth. Design This retrospective study analyzed 974 panoramic x-rays from nonsyndromic Brazilians older than 16 years and categorized into the following four groups: group 1, 250 persons with unilateral cleft lip and palate; group 2, 250 persons with unilateral cleft lip; group 3, 224 persons with cleft palate; and a control group of 250 persons without clefts. Radiographs were digitalized with a scanner and analyzed. Results In the Brazilian population studied, the prevalence of taurodontism was 60.4% in group 1, 62.4% in group 2, 67.0% in group 3, and 42.8% in the control group. Root dilacerations had a prevalence of 31.2% in group 1, 29.6% in group 2, 26.3% in group 3, and 27.2% in the control group. The teeth most affected by taurodontism were 17 and 27; whereas root dilacerations were most common in teeth 38 and 48. No tooth transpositions were found in any radiograph analyzed. Conclusions Taurodontism is significantly more prevalent in Brazilians with nonsyndromic CL/P than in persons without clefts; whereas the prevalence of root dilaceration no different from that in the control group. However, root dilacerations in anterior teeth were increased in groups 1 and 2 when compared to the control group.
Achieving Consensus in the Measurement of Psychological Adjustment to Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Stock Nicola Marie , Hammond Vanessa , Owen Tina , Kiff James , Shanly Angela , Rumsey Nichola 
Published: August 2015

Background Psychological adjustment to cleft lip/palate is multifaceted and can fluctuate over time and across different situations. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of adjustment is difficult to capture, and the challenge of achieving consensus among researchers and clinicians regarding key constructs and processes is considerable. Numerous measures have been used in research and clinical audit, resulting in conflicting findings and difficulties in evidencing the value of psychological intervention. The launch of the world's largest cleft lip/palate cohort study has provided an opportunity to standardize data collection across the United Kingdom. Objective To describe the collaborative process used to achieve consensus in the academic and clinical measurement of psychological adjustment to cleft lip/palate. Results Extensive work based on existing literature and clinical experience has resulted in a conceptual framework comprising six domains of adjustment and corresponding risk/protective factors that are measureable across key developmental time points. Driven by this framework, a core pack of standardized measures has been selected according to psychometric properties, clinical utility, and pragmatic considerations. Conclusions To date, these measures have been implemented within a UK-wide longitudinal cohort study (at diagnosis, 18 months, 3 years, 5 years, and 8 years) and adopted into the national routine clinical audit protocol for cleft lip/palate at age 5. Further data collection points will follow as the cohorts age. Over time, consistency in data collection will allow researchers to address some of the key unanswered questions in relation to psychological adjustment to cleft lip/palate.
Perspectives of Medical Specialists on Sharing Decisions in Cancer Care: A Qualitative Study Concerning Chemotherapy Decisions With Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma
Authors: De Snoo-Trimp Janine C. , Brom Linda , Pasman H. Roeline W. , Onwuteaka-Philipsen Bregje D. , Widdershoven Guy A.M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background.
In cancer care, difficult decisions concerning advanced treatment need to be made, weighing possible life prolongation against harmful side effects. Treatment is frequently started, showing the need to explore how decisions are made. Little is known about the perspectives of physicians on sharing decision making with patients. This qualitative study aimed to describe the perspectives of medical specialists on the decision-making process with patients with glioblastoma concerning starting new treatment.

Methods.
Qualitative interviews were held with medical specialists. One focus group was organized with medical professionals. Their opinions about elements of shared decision making and the applicability in the context of patients with glioblastoma were assessed. The topic list for the focus group was based on the analysis of the interviews. Qualitative analysis of the transcripts was performed by three researchers independently.

Results.
Medical specialists considered shared decision making to be important; however, they did not adhere to its elements. Stopping treatment was not considered equal to continuing treatment. Exploration of the patients’ wishes was done implicitly, and shared responsibility for the decision was not highly recognized. The main barriers to shared decision making were preferences of both patients and specialists for starting or continuing treatment and assumptions of physicians about knowing what patients want.

Conclusion.
Medical specialists recognized the importance of patient involvement but experienced difficulty in sharing decision making in practice. Elements of shared decision making are partly followed but do not guide decision making. To improve cancer care, education of medical specialists and adjustment to the elements are needed to involve patients.

Implications for Practice:
This study assessed medical specialists’ perspectives on sharing decision making with patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Medical specialists experienced difficulty with shared decision making in this setting. The main barriers to shared decision making related to the preferences of both patients and specialists for starting or continuing treatment and the assumptions of physicians about knowing what patients want. The findings stress the need for training specialists in how to offer alternatives, communicate uncertain benefits, and establish patients’ preferences explicitly. The elements of shared decision making require adaptations to adequately involve vulnerable patients with glioblastoma in treatment decisions at the end of life.
Improved Cognitive Development in Preterm Infants with Shared Book Reading
Authors: Braid Susan , Bernstein Jenny 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTPurpose:To examine the effect of shared book reading on the cognitive development of children born preterm and to determine what factors influence shared book reading in this population.Design:Secondary analysis using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort, a large, nationally representative survey of children born in the United States in 2001.Sample:One thousand four hundred singleton preterm infants (22–36 weeks gestation).Main Outcome Variable: Cognitive development measured using the Bayley Mental Scale score from the Bayley Scales of Infant Development Research Edition.Results:Adjusting for neonatal, maternal, and socioeconomic characteristics, reading aloud more than two times a week is associated with higher cognitive development scores in two-year-old children born preterm (p<.001). Race/ethnicity and maternal education affect how often parents read to their children. Shared book reading holds potential as an early developmental intervention for this population.
Simulation to Standardize Patient Care and Maintain Procedural Competency
Authors: Butler-O’Hara Meggan , Marasco Margaret , Dadiz Rita 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTSimulation-based training is a means to teach procedural skills and to help advanced practice providers maintain procedural competency and credentialing. There is growing recognition of the importance of requiring providers to demonstrate competency of invasive procedures in a simulated environment prior to performing these high-risk procedures on patients. This article describes the development and implementation of the Simulation Procedural Program at the University of Rochester Medical Center. In addition to contributing to the education of our providers, such a program can lead to improved patient quality, safety, and outcomes through the standardization of patient care. The innovative use of simulation can lead to effective heath care education and improvement in patient safety.
Hydrocortisone for Treatment of Hypotension in the Newborn
Authors: Johnson Patricia J. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTNewborns, and especially premature newborns, are at significant risk for developing hypotension in the first week or two after birth. The etiology of hypotension in the newborn may vary, but the very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight preterm infants are less likely to respond to conventional cardiovascular support when they develop hypotension. This article reviews the least conventional treatment using hydrocortisone for hypotension that is refractory to conventional volume replacement and/or vasopressor medications with the underlying assumption that sick and premature newborns have a relative or measured adrenal insufficiency. The addition of hydrocortisone in the treatment of hypotension in the newborn is becoming more common but is not universally advocated. However, the supportive evidence is growing, and, as reviewed, use of hydrocortisone requires judicious and cautious regard.
Establishing Intervention Fidelity of an Oral Motor Intervention for Preterm Infants
Authors: Lessen Brenda S. , Morello Clare A. , Williams Lori J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPurpose:To establish intervention fidelity of the premature infant oral motor intervention (PIOMI)Design and sample:A rating tool was developed and tested for interrater reliability before being used to test the fidelity of intervention behaviors. A purposeful convenience sample of three users was recruited to perform the intervention under direct observation.Main outcome variables:Three types of reliabilities were calculated: (1) interrater reliability to test the rating tool, followed by (2) interuser reliability, and (3) test–retest reliabilities to test the intervention behaviors of several registered nurses (RNs) over repeated performances of the intervention.Results:The rating tool demonstrated a high interrater reliability (97.57 percent), indicating its accuracy for systematically rating the specific intervention behaviors. Subsequently, the rating tool was used to determine interuser and test–retest performances of the PIOMI and resulted in high reliabilities (97.59 percent and 97.58 percent, respectively). This demonstrates that the intervention can be reliably delivered as prescribed, supporting intervention fidelity.
Review and Critical Analysis of Massage Studies for Term and Preterm Infants
Authors: Juneau Audrey Larone , Aita Marilyn , Héon Marjolaine 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTPurpose: To review and analyze studies evaluating the effects of massage on term and preterm infants.Design: A systematic review of literature.Results: Benefits of massage for term infants are: improved weight gain, growth, and sleep and decreased hyperbilirubinemia. Benefits for preterm infants are: improved weight gain, decreased response to pain, and increased interactions with parents. However, the few studies use different interventions related to timing and number of massages, and the outcomes vary among studies. There is not enough evidence to support the use of massage for term and preterm infants, but massage may be considered on a case-by-case basis.
Breastfeeding Success Is More Than Just Putting Baby to Breast
Authors: Discenza Deborah 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTBreastfeeding success in our society focuses heavily on putting the baby to the breast. However, NICU mothers and especially preemie moms struggle with this very task and are often feeling pressure from various angles medically and therapeutically. At the end of the day, it is about helping that mother build her confidence in her role in the NICU that can dictate breastfeeding success in whatever form that might take.
Adrenal Hemorrhage in Neonates: Unusual Presentation
Authors: Alabsi Samir Y. , Layland Teresa 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAdrenal hemorrhage (AH) is a relatively uncommon condition in newborns. It may be asymptomatic or may present with flank abdominal mass, anemia, jaundice, or rarely as scrotal bruising or hematoma. We report two cases of AH in neonates; the first presented with scrotal hematoma and the second with adrenal mass associated with hypertension and oliguria, primarily secondary to coincidental renal vein thrombosis. Diagnosis was confirmed by abdominal ultrasound. Patients were managed conservatively with clinical observation and by following hemoglobin and bilirubin levels closely. Both infants were discharged without surgical intervention after several days in the hospital. Clinicians should consider AH when a newborn presents with scrotal bruising or hematoma, unexplained anemia, unexplained jaundice, or flank abdominal mass. Timely ultrasonographic evaluation of both adrenal glands and testes in neonates with scrotal hematoma may spare infants from unnecessary surgical intervention because scrotal hematoma often raises the suspicion of testicular torsion.
Emollient Use in the Term Newborn: A Literature Review
Authors: Irvin Erin J. , Miller Harriet D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe skin of a term newborn differs both from preterm skin and that of an adult, and there is currently little consensus on the proper use of emollients in this population. The focus of most published literature is on preterm skin and the use of bathing products, with limited information regarding emollient use. Intact skin is the first line of defense against infection, allergens, and dehydration, and dry and compromised skin puts the infant at greater risk of harm from the aforementioned complications. Emollients are part of the front-line treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD), and, with the incidence of AD on the rise, it is imperative that further research be conducted to provide a guide for clinical practice.
The Spillover of SOX on Earnings Quality in Non-U.S. Jurisdictions
Authors: Dutillieux Wouter , Francis Jere R. , Willekens Marleen 
Published: August 2015

SYNOPSIS
In most European countries, U.S.-owned subsidiaries are required by law to file separate entity financial statements in local GAAP. We use this unique institutional setting to examine whether the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) had a flow-through effect on the earnings quality of local GAAP financial reports for a sample of Belgian subsidiaries owned by U.S.-listed firms. Belgium has weaker institutions relative to the U.S. and this is a setting where the spillover effects of SOX might be expected to improve local GAAP earnings quality. Using a difference-in-differences research design, we compare changes in earnings quality before and after SOX for a treatment sample of Belgian subsidiaries owned by U.S.-listed companies (which are subject to SOX), with a control sample of Belgian-owned subsidiaries whose owners are not subject to SOX regulations. We find that the earnings quality of the U.S.-owned subsidiaries improved after SOX (smaller abnormal accruals and more timely loss recognition). In contrast, the earnings quality of the control sample was either unchanged or declined in the pre- versus post-SOX periods. These results suggest that SOX did have a flow-through effect on earnings quality in a non-U.S. jurisdiction, and that SOX has had a broader international effect beyond the original legislative intent.
Data Availability: Data are available from sources identified in the paper.
Social smile reproducibility using 3-D stereophotogrammetry and reverse engineering technology
Authors: Dindaroğlu Furkan , Duran Gökhan Serhat , Görgülü Serkan , Yetkiner Enver 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To assess the range of social smile reproducibility using 3-D stereophotogrammetry and reverse engineering technology.

Materials and Methods:
Social smile images of white adolescents (N  =  15, mean age  =  15.4 ±1.5 years; range  =  14–17 years) were obtained using 3dMDFlex (3dMD, Atlanta, Ga). Each participant was asked to produce 16 social smiles at 3-minute intervals. All images were obtained in natural head position. Alignment of images, segmentation of smile area, and 3-D deviation analysis were carried out using Geomagic Control software (3D Systems Inc, Cary, NC). A single image was taken as a reference, and the remaining 15 images were compared with the reference image to evaluate positive and negative deviations. The differences between the mean deviation limits of participants with the highest and the lowest deviations and the total mean deviations were evaluated using Bland-Altman Plots.

Results:
Minimum and maximum deviations of a single image from the reference image were 0.34 and 2.69 mm, respectively. Lowest deviation between two images was within 0.5 mm and 1.54 mm among all participants (mean, 0.96 ± 0.21 mm), and the highest deviation was between 0.41 mm and 2.69 mm (mean, 1.53 ± 0.46 mm). For a single patient, when all alignments were considered together, the mean deviation was between 0.32 ± 0.10 mm and 0.59 ± 0.24 mm. Mean deviation for one image was between 0.14 and 1.21 mm.

Conclusions:
The range of reproducibility of the social smile presented individual variability, but this variation was not clinically significant or detectable under routine clinical observation.
Determination of lime tree (Tilia begonifolia Stev.) stems form based on quantitative parameters (Study area: Shafaroud forests of Guilan province, Iran)
Authors: Nazari Sendi Mohammad Rasoul , Navroodi Iraj Hassanzad , Poorbabaei Hassan , Sheikhkanlu Milan Mohammad , Bakhshandeh Behzad 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The lime tree is one of the rare and valuable species that found in the Hyrcanian moist forests with economic as well as ecological value. Identification of the quantitative and qualitative features of this species is important. In order to investigate the stem form of this species in the Shafaroud forests of Guilan Province, 141 lime trees in 39 plots were analyzed during the four stages of small pole, pole, saw-timber, and maturity. In each plot, stem-diameter at different heights was measured by using the Spiegel Relaskop. Measurements and analyses included diameter at breast height( d.b.h.) and total height. Same parameters was calculated: stem form factor based on diameter, stem form factor based on volume, form quotient, slenderness factor, ratio of stem height to total height, ratio of stem volume to total volume, correlation, and coefficient of determination to describe stem form factor. The results showed that the average stem form factor based on diameter was 0.554. The average stem form factor based on volume was 0.576, average form quotient was 2.32 and slenderness factor was 35.04%. The average ratio of stem height to total height was 82.45. In addition the results indicated a strong relationship between diameter at breast height and trunk coefficient. The ratio of stem volume to total volume revealed that 64.44 of lime volume is located in the bottom half of the trunk. The value of the parameters described here is towards a better description of stand characteristics. Obtained results indicating stability for natural lime tree in Iran.