bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of blood lactate level in triage
Authors: Fukumoto Yuichi , Inoue Yoshiaki , Takeuchi Yuji , Hoshino Tetsuya , Nakamura Yuki , Ishikawa Kohei , Morikawa Miki , Suginaka Hiroshi , Sueyoshi Koichiro , Sumi Yuka , Matsuda Shigeru , Okamoto Ken , Tanaka Hiroshi 
Published: August 2015

AimSimple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) is commonly used at disaster scenes. The Canadian Emergency Department Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) is used in urban and rural emergency departments (ED). However, triage is not always accurate or appropriate. The blood lactate level (BLL) is a major biomarker of physical status. We measured BLL using the Lactate Pro‐1710 Test Meter in all patients transported to our ED and assessed their correlation with the triage level determined using START and the CTAS.MethodsThis retrospective study included 510 patients admitted to our ED between January 2011 and July 2012 whose BLL was measured. The patients were classified into triage divisions (green, yellow, red, and black) according to vital signs and chief complaints, and correlations among BLL, triage level, and prognosis were assessed in all groups.ResultsOf the total, 62 patients had cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA), 262 had internal pathologies, and 186 had external pathologies. Significant correlations were observed between BLL and both START and CTAS triage. Also BLL was significantly higher in severe patients categorized with START and CTAS (P < 0.0001), especially in the death group when the patients were divided into two groups according to prognosis (P < 0.0001). Two patients categorized yellow with START died during the hospitalization, however BLL of these two patients were high on admission at the ED.ConclusionBLL could be used to correct the triage level, and decide the priority of treatment and transportation even within the same triage level, thereby avoiding under‐triage.
Stimuliresponsive DNA‐funktionalisierte Nano‐ und Mikrocontainer zur schaltbaren und kontrollierten Freisetzung
Authors: Lu Chun‐Hua , Willner Itamar 
Published: August 2015

AbstractStimuliresponsive DNA‐funktionalisierte Nano‐ und Mikrocontainer, die aus mesoporösen SiO2‐Nanopartikeln (SiO2‐NPs), Mikrokapseln oder Micellen/Vesikeln bestehen, fungieren als Träger zur Freisetzung von Wirkstoffen. Die in den DNA‐Sequenzen gespeicherte Information liefert den Code für die Ver‐ und Entriegelung der wirkstoffbeladenen Poren mesoporöser SiO2‐NPs, für den Auf‐ und Abbau von Mikrokapseln oder Lipid‐DNA‐Micellen bzw. Lipid‐DNA‐Vesikeln und für den gezielten Transport von Nano‐ und Mikrocontainern zu Krebszellen. Es werden verschiedene Trigger eingesetzt, um die in den Nano‐ und Mikrocontainern enthaltenen Wirkstoffe durch Entriegelung der Poren der mesoporösen SiO2‐NPs oder durch Abbau der Container freizusetzen. Hierzu gehören schaltbare DNA‐Nanostrukturen (Nukleinsäure‐Haarnadeln, i‐Motive, G‐Quadruplexe) und die Anwendung chemischer, thermischer oder photonischer Stimuli. Außerdem werden durch DNAzyme oder Enzyme stimulierte katalytische Prozesse genutzt, um die Wirkstoffe aus den Nano‐ und Mikrocontainern freizusetzen.
Coping with Nasty Surprises: Improving Risk Management in the Public Sector Using Simplified Bayesian Methods
Authors: Matthews Mark , Kompas Tom 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBayesian methods are particularly useful to informing decisions when information is sparse and ambiguous, but decisions involving risks must still be made in a timely manner. Given the utility of these approaches to public policy, this article considers the case for refreshing the general practice of risk management in governance by using a simplified Bayesian approach based on using raw data expressed as ‘natural frequencies’. This simplified Bayesian approach, which benefits from the technical advances made in signal processing and machine learning, is suitable for use by non‐specialists, and focuses attention on the incidence and potential implications of false positives and false negatives in the diagnostic tests used to manage risk. The article concludes by showing how graphical plots of the incidence of true positives relative to false positives in test results can be used to assess diagnostic capabilities in an organisation—and also inform strategies for capability improvement.
Exploring the Links between Bilateral and Regional Trade Agreements and Merchandise Trade
Authors: Barbalet Felix , Greenville Jared , Crook Wayne , Gretton Paul , Breunig Robert 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOver 200 bilateral and regional trade agreements are currently in force, yet their impact remains a topic of debate. We analyse effects of 27 agreements that are of particular importance for Australia on the value of merchandise trade flows using data from 1970 up to the global financial crisis in 2008. We show that preferential trade agreements generally increase trade between members but that there are often offsetting negative effects on trade with non‐signatories. In contrast to regional trading blocs and bilateral accords, agreements more oriented towards open trade principles have a positive impact on all trade flows of member nations.
Dead‐Zone Model Based Adaptive Backstepping Control for a Class of Uncertain Saturated Systems
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Hossein , Khayatian Alireza 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a dead‐zone based model of saturation phenomena is proposed. This method is capable of modelling diverse kinds of saturation, including both hard‐limited and soft‐limited. Due to use of a linear parameter approach, the proposed model is consistent with the available adaptive control techniques in the literature. In addition, based on the proposed model, an adaptive controller is designed for a class of nonlinear saturated systems, where, the shape of the saturation phenomenon is assumed to be unknown. The effectiveness of the proposed method and its robustness against initial condition variation and reference signal is evaluated via simulated examples for both spring–mass–damper and ship steering autopilot systems.
Localization of the bioluminescence system in the pileus of Mycena chlorophos
Authors: Teranishi Katsunori 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMycena chlorophos, which is primarily distributed in Southeast Asia, is a luminous fungus that emits a bright green light from its pileus for about 2 days at approximately 20°C and high relative humidity. The distribution of bioluminescent tissues in the whole pileus and its sections was heterogeneous. The light intensity in the cap and the upper region of the gill was greater than that in the lower region of the gill. At the microscopic level, the light was predominantly emitted from the membranes of hymenium and basidia cells on the gill. The emission was both cell and region specific. The luminescence system was localized in the cell membrane, and a part of the system was on the cell membrane surface. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rational plasmid design and bioprocess optimization to enhance recombinant adeno‐associated virus (AAV) productivity in mammalian cells
Authors: Emmerling Verena V. , Pegel Antje , Milian Ernest G. , Venereo‐Sanchez Alina , Kunz Marion , Wegele Jessica , Kamen Amine A. , Kochanek Stefan , Hoerer Markus 
Published: August 2015

AbstractViral vectors used for gene and oncolytic therapy belong to the most promising biological products for future therapeutics. Clinical success of recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) based therapies raises considerable demand for viral vectors, which cannot be met by current manufacturing strategies. Addressing existing bottlenecks, we improved a plasmid system termed rep/cap split packaging and designed a minimal plasmid encoding adenoviral helper function. Plasmid modifications led to a 12‐fold increase in rAAV vector titers compared to the widely used pDG standard system. Evaluation of different production approaches revealed superiority of processes based on anchorage‐ and serum‐dependent HEK293T cells, exhibiting about 15‐fold higher specific and volumetric productivity compared to well‐established suspension cells cultivated in serum‐free medium. As for most other viral vectors, classical stirred‐tank bioreactor production is thus still not capable of providing drug product of sufficient amount. We show that manufacturing strategies employing classical surface‐providing culture systems can be successfully transferred to the new fully‐controlled, single‐use bioreactor system IntegrityTM iCELLisTM. In summary, we demonstrate substantial bioprocess optimizations leading to more efficient and scalable production processes suggesting a promising way for flexible large‐scale rAAV manufacturing.
Use of transposase and ends of IS608 enables precise and scarless genome modification for modulating gene expression and metabolic engineering applications in Escherichia coli
Authors: Thakker Chandresh , Lin Kevin , Martini‐Stoica Heidi , Bennett George N. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVarious methods have been developed for gene disruption in bacteria; however, extra in vitro manipulation steps or the residual presence of a scar in the host chromosome limits the use of such methods. By utilizing the unique properties of ISHp608, we have developed a simple and precise method for genome manipulation in Escherichia coli that alters the gene sequence without leaving foreign DNA in the chromosome. This strategy involves PCR amplification of a DNA cassette containing ISHp608‐LE (left end)‐antibiotic resistance gene‐counterselection marker‐ISHp608‐RE (right end) by using primers containing extensions homologous to the adjacent regions of the target gene on the chromosome. The λ Red mediated recombination of the PCR product and antibiotic resistance screening results in transformants with a modified gene target. The ISHp608‐LE‐antibiotic resistance gene‐counterselection marker‐ISHp608‐RE cassette can then be excised using a temperature sensitive plasmid expressing the TnpA transposase, which precisely cleaves ISHp608‐LE and ISHp608‐RE without leaving a scar sequence. We demonstrated lacZ gene point mutation repair, two precise disruptions of the lacZ gene and constructed a library of lacZ variants having variable β‐galactosidase activity by changing its ribosome binding site sequences using the ISHp608 system. This technique can be used in E. coli genome modification and could be extended for use in other bacteria.
Transforming exoelectrogens for biotechnology using synthetic biology
Authors: TerAvest Michaela A. , Ajo‐Franklin Caroline M. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTExtracellular electron transfer pathways allow certain bacteria to transfer energy between intracellular chemical energy stores and extracellular solids through redox reactions. Microorganisms containing these pathways, exoelectrogens, are a critical part of microbial electrochemical technologies that aim to impact applications in bioenergy, biosensing, and biocomputing. However, there are not yet any examples of economically viable microbial electrochemical technologies due to the limitations of naturally occurring exoelectrogens. Here we first briefly summarize recent discoveries in understanding extracellular electron transfer pathways, then review in‐depth the creation of customized and novel exoelectrogens for biotechnological applications. We analyze engineering efforts to increase current production in native exoelectrogens, which reveals that modulating certain processes within extracellular electron transfer are more effective than others. We also review efforts to create new exoelectrogens and highlight common challenges in this work. Lastly, we summarize work utilizing engineered exoelectrogens for biotechnological applications and the key obstacles to their future development. Fueled by the development of genetic tools, these approaches will continue to expand and genetically modified organisms will continue to improve the outlook for microbial electrochemical technologies. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 687–697. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polyphenolic profile and antioxidant effects of various parts of Artemisia annua L.
Authors: Song Yi , Desta Kebede Taye , Kim Gon‐Sup , Lee Soo Jung , Lee Won Sup , Kim Yun‐Hi , Jin Jong Sung , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Shin Ho‐Chul , Shim Jae‐Han , Shin Sung Chul 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn annual Korean weed, Artemisia annua L., has been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of a number of diseases. Remarkably, among the 32 polyphenols characterized in various parts of plant tissue, including flowers, leafs, stems and roots, 10 compounds were detected for the first time using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The quantification method was validated using structurally related external standards with determination coefficients (R2) ≥0.9995. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.068–3.932 and 0.226–13.108 mg/L, respectively. The recoveries estimated at 50 and 100 mg/L ranged between 60.6–92.2 and 61.3–111%, respectively, with relative standard deviations <12%. The roots contained the largest concentration of identified components, while the flowers contained the least. The antioxidant capacity evaluated in terms of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cation‐scavenging activities and reducing power was highest in the roots and lowest in the flowers. The findings are well correlated and suggest that the antioxidant capacities principally depend upon the polyphenol concentrations in each part of the plant. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric method to a urinary excretion study of subutinib and active metabolite in human urine
Authors: Ding Li‐kun , Yang Lin , Gao Xiao‐hua , Chen Su‐ning , Jia Na , Li Xue‐qing , Zhou Lun , Hang Tai‐jun , Wen Ai‐dong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA novel and selective liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric method (LC‐MS/MS) has been established and validated for simultaneous determination of subutinib and active metabolite in human urine. Urine samples were extracted by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and separated on a Wondasil C18 (150 × 2.1 mm, 3.5 µm), with methanol–0.2% formic acid solution (73:27, v/v) as mobile phase at flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The linear range was 0.5000–200.0 ng/mL for subutinib and active metabolite, with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.5000 ng/mL. Intra‐ and inter‐run precisions were all <11.8 and 14.3%, and the accuracies were all <4.5 and 5.4%, with the extraction recoveries 88.8–97.5 and 93.8–99.4% for the two analytes, respectively. The carryover values were all <15% for the two anayltes. The method was successfully applied to study urinary excretion of subutinib and active metabolite in human after oral administration of subutinib maleate capsules in fed and fasting states. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
You're in Good Company: Unifying Campus Research Data Services
Authors: Vitale Cynthia R. H. , Marshall Brianna , Nurnberger Amy 
Published: August 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARYWith a focus that extends beyond library walls, promoting research data services must be a point of cooperation across an institution's units and departments. An RDAP 2015 panel explored the value of advisory committees or communities of practice established at three universities to build strong research data services. Though the several committees at the institutions have different primary focus areas, each functions as a community of practice with a unique set of shared interests and goals, mutual relationships and group identification. Each is challenged by its decentralized nature across the institution and must continually communicate its activities, services and resources. These communities of practice are working toward long‐term goals through a common vision and strategic planning, sharing experiences and opportunities to promote their research data services.
University Data Policies and Library Data Services: Who Owns Your Data?
Authors: Zilinski Lisa D. , Gobens Abigail , Briney Kristin 
Published: August 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARYA review of research data and library data services presented on the websites of 206 top research universities as of July 2014 provided insights into policies and practices. Limited to publicly accessible information, the review indicated about half of the surveyed libraries offer some type of data services beyond a resource guide, about four in 10 had a librarian fully or partly dedicated to data management support and about one in 10 had a dedicated data repository. Institutions are likely to have a specific data policy if they are more involved in research and have higher research spending, have larger faculties and offer data services or a data librarian. Significant concern about data ownership and other legal issues is apparent. There is need for broad further development of policies, best practices and education about library data services, with librarians as the appropriate leaders.
Synthetic Biology: A New Tool for the Trade
Authors: Zakeri Bijan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractProtein–protein interactions are fundamental to many biological processes. Yet, the weak and transient noncovalent bonds that characterize most protein–protein interactions found in nature impose limits on many bioengineering experiments. Here, a new class of genetically encodable peptide–protein pairs—isopeptag‐N/pilin‐N, isopeptag/pilin‐C, and SpyTag/SpyCatcher—that interact through autocatalytic intermolecular isopeptide bond formation is described. Reactions between peptide–protein pairs are specific, robust, orthogonal, and able to proceed under most biologically relevant conditions both in vitro and in vivo. As fusion constructs, they provide a handle on molecules of interest, both organic and inorganic, that can be grasped with an iron grip. Such stable interactions provide robust post‐translational control over biological processes and open new opportunities in synthetic biology for engineering programmable and self‐assembling protein nanoarchitectures.
Use of rotational angiography in assessing relationship of the airway to vasculature during cardiac catheterization
Authors: Truong Uyen T. , Fagan Thomas E. , Deterding Robin , Ing Richard J. , Fonseca Brian M. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesWe are the first to describe the use of three‐dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA) in creating multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and volume rendering, in the catheterization suite, of airways at risk for compression by adjacent cardiac structures.Background3DRA has emerged as a promising tool for improved visualization of cardiac and vascular structures in congenital heart disease.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of all available cases at our institution in which MPR from 3DRA was used to assess airways in relation to surrounding cardiovascular structures.ResultsEight cases were reviewed from January 1, 2011 to November 30, 2013. Seven children had complex biventricular anatomy, including repaired truncus arteriosus, repaired absent pulmonary valve, repaired double outlet right ventricle, and vascular rings. One child had double inlet left ventricle and had undergone a hybrid procedure (stenting of the patent ductus arteriosus and banding of bilateral pulmonary arteries) before the Glenn procedure. Six of these cases involved distortion or stenosis of the pulmonary conduit or branch pulmonary arteries. In all cases, the trachea and the main bronchi were clearly visualized using MPR. Management was affected by the visualization of the airways during the catheterization procedure in seven of eight cases. Four cases had intraprocedural bronchoscopy that confirmed airway findings seen by MPR. In one case, computed tomography confirmed left bronchial compression seen by MPR.Conclusions3DRA can visualize airway anatomy and its relationship to the vasculature accurately. This has significant implications for preinterventional planning, intraprocedural management, as well as postprocedural recovery. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stable Four‐Coordinate Guanidinatosilicon(IV) Complexes with SiN3El Skeletons (El=S, Se, Te) and SiEl Double Bonds
Authors: Mück Felix M. , Kloß Dorit , Baus Johannes A. , Burschka Christian , Bertermann Rüdiger , Poater Jordi , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Tacke Reinhold 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTo get information about the reactivity profile of the donor‐stabilized guanidinatosilicon(II) complexes 2 and 3, a series of oxidative addition reactions was studied. Treatment of 2 and 3 with S8, Se, or Te afforded the respective four‐coordinate silicon(IV) complexes 8–10 and 12–14, which contain an SiN3El skeleton (El=S, Se, Te) with an SiEl double bond. Treatment of 2 with N2O yielded the dinuclear four‐coordinate silicon(IV) complex 11 with an SiN3O skeleton and a central four‐membered Si2O2 ring. Compounds 8–14 exist both in the solid state and in solution. They were characterized by elemental analyses, NMR spectroscopic studies in the solid state and in solution, and crystal structure analyses. The reactivity profile of 2 was compared with that of the structurally related bis[N,N′‐diisopropylbenzamidinato(−)]silicon(II) (1), which is three‐coordinate in the solid state and four‐coordinate in solution (1′). In contrast, as shown by state‐of‐the‐art relativistic DFT analyses and experimental studies, silylene 2 is three‐coordinate both in the solid state and solution. The three‐coordinate species 2 is 9.3 kcal mol−1 more stable in benzene than the four‐coordinate isomer 2′. The reason for this was studied by bonding analyses of 2 and 2′, which were compared with those of 1 and 1′. The gas‐phase proton affinities of the relevant species in solution (1′ and 2) amount to 288.8 and 273.8 kcal mol−1, respectively.
Wertstoffgewinnung aus Kraftwerksaschen Teil I: Charakterisierung von Braunkohlenkraftwerksaschen zur Gewinnung strategischer Metalle
Authors: Brett Beate , Schrader Daniel , Räuchle Konstantin , Heide Gerhard , Bertau Martin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBraunkohlenaschen aus Kraftwerken weisen als sekundäre Rohstoffquellen ein bisher weitgehend ungenutztes Potenzial auf. Die Gewinnung von Wertmetallen aus Aschen setzt deren Charakterisierung voraus, auf der eine zielgerichtete Strategie zur Metallextraktion aufbaut. An Filteraschen und Stabilisat aus den Kraftwerken Boxberg und Schwarze Pumpe des Lausitzer Reviers wurden Wege aufgezeigt, wie ausgehend von Charakterisierungsdaten zur Korngrößenverteilung, der Element‐ und mineralogischen Zusammensetzung sowie dem Verhältnis Netzwerkbildner zu Netzwerkwandler durch gezielte Vorbehandlung eine deutliche Steigerung der Metallmobilisierung durch Laugung mit Salzsäure erhalten werden konnte.
Adsorption behaviours of sulfonated humic acid at fly ash‐water interface: Investigation of equilibrium and kinetic characteristics
Authors: Yang Siqi , Huang Guohe , An Chunjiang , Li Huiqin , Shi Yarong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSulfonated humic acid (SHA) has been widely used in oilfield production and it can significantly contribute to COD, BOD, sulphurated pollutants, and other toxic substances when discharged into the environment. There is an urgent need for effective and safe remediation of such toxic compounds from wastewater. This study investigated the adsorption characteristics of SHA onto coal fly ash. The removal percentage increased with fly ash dosages up to 1 and 6 g/L for Shand and BD fly ash, respectively, and it reached a constant level at a certain fly ash dosage. The Langmuir isotherm model could better fit equilibrium data for the adsorption of SHA on fly ash. Kinetic analysis showed that this process can be described well by a pseudo‐second‐order model. The adsorption of SHA on fly ash was improved by increasing temperature from 15 to 35 °C, and the thermodynamics results indicated that the adsorption was endothermic in nature. In addition, both ionic strength and pH had an influence on the adsorption performance. Fly ash showed the potential to be an effective adsorbent for the removal of SHA from an aqueous phase. The results can be used to reveal the migration patterns of organic contaminants at the fly ash surface.