bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ECPs: avoiding emergency department attendance or hospital admission?
Authors: Coates David 
Published: May 2014

The aim of the literature review was to identify and appraise studies that have compared the effectiveness and decision-making of emergency care practitioners with other health professionals. There is no ‘gold standard’ for determining whether the actions of an emergency care practitioner (ECP) results in a patient avoiding attendance at an emergency department (ED) or hospital admission. Consequently, reporting on the cost effectiveness of ECPs is potentially spurious, especially as the cost difference between ED attendance and hospital admission is considerable. Medline and EMBASE databases were searched for publications relevant to the study area. Additional searches were carried out using the online search function offered by the Cochrane Library and the Emergency Medicine Journal. Twenty-nine publications met the inclusion criteria. Nineteen of these papers were considered suitable for background information only. Ten studies were analyzed in further detail and three main themes identified: non-conveyance rates, decision-making and admission avoidance. Studies show that patients assessed by ECPs are less likely to be conveyed to the ED, than when attended by a traditional ambulance response. The Department of Health (DH, 2005) refer to a traditional ambulance service response to a 999 call as sending a double-crewed paramedic ambulance to the patient, provide any necessary life support to stabilize the patient and transport to the ED. The decision-making of ECPs compares favourably with other health professionals when deciding whether a patient can be treated at home, or requires ED attendance or hospital admission. No studies were found that determined whether an ECP is able to accurately decide whether their intervention results in patients avoiding ED attendance or admission. There is a need to evaluate the validity of data collection methods which differentiate between emergency department and admission avoidance as a result of the actions of ECPs.
Using clinical decision making and reflection strategies to support practice
Authors: Hibberd Jane M , Chia Swee Hong , Spindler Alicia , Walsh Michaella , Wigginton Sophie 
Published: May 2014

Clinical decision making and reflection are essential skills for any health care professional to possess in that they underpin and enhance practice by providing a robust framework for structuring one's thinking and subsequent actions. This article highlights the need for the study of clinical decision making which forms a vital part of the paramedic's practice. It provides a background to clinical decision making before presenting an example case study.
How to reduce stress in the veterinary waiting room
Authors: Greenfield Stuart 
Published: May 2014

The veterinary environment has been seen to be a stressful environment for patients. This stress can have a negative impact on the welfare of inpatients and result in dangerous interactions between owners/staff and patients.The waiting room is the first exposure a patient has to the veterinary environment. By taking measures to ensure the environment is as stress free as possible the likelihood of patient stress can be reduced.This article highlights measures that can be taken to reduce stress within the waiting room. These range from building layout to pheromone therapy. By utilising as many of the highlighted options as possible stress within the waiting room may be reduced. This will have a positive effect on the consultation and subsequent visits to the practice.
Alteridade: o encontro com “o outro” na escola inclusiva
Authors: Casarin Sonia 
Published: May 2014

Este artigo traz reflexões sobre a diversidade existente na escola inclusiva, apoiando-se na filosofia do encontro, de Martin Buber.O texto destaca algumas leis que enfatizam a importância dese considerar a particularidade de cada aluno no processo deaprendizagem e remete às noções de alteridade, encontro erelação, apoiados no pensamento de Buber. A relação só podeexistir entre dois sujeitos, dois seres em sua totalidade, o queconfigura a relação “Eu-Tu”. Categorias e classificações só estão presentes no evento “Eu-Isso”, quando o outro não é sujeito da relação e sim objeto da experiência. A relação entre professor e aluno deve transcender as categorias e classificações para se tornar uma relação que possibilita o encontro do outro em sua alteridade, a relação “Eu-Tu”.
Sobre a subjetividade: do animal racional ao ser-aí
Authors: Tinti Rafael Ogalla 
Published: May 2014

O artigo discute o conceito de “subjetividade” a partir de um olhar histórico, etimológico e filosófico, tendo como autor de referência o filósofo Martin Heidegger. A noção de “subjetividade” participa do cotidiano de psicólogos e educadores de maneira irrestrita e irrefletida. É a partir dela e dessa maneira que esses profissionais fundam suas teorias e ideologias. Assim, aponta-se essa falta de fundamento, esquecida em nosso tempo. A “subjetividade” aparece como o maior esquecimento do lugar de origem do ser humano, um distanciamento com o que nos é mais próprio. Como conclusão deste trabalho, a proposta é a transformação do ser humano, calcado na ideia do “animal racional”, para uma outra fundação, o ser-aí.
História do percurso da sociologia e da antropologia na área da infância
Authors: Friedmann Adriana 
Published: May 2014

O presente artigo pretende contribuir para situar o leitor a respeito da história e do estado da arte dos estudos, teorias e autores relevantes na área de Ciências Sociais – Sociologia e Antropologia – no âmbito da Infância. O artigo apresenta as principais ideias que norteiam esses estudos e aponta para a importância de uma interlocução com as áreas de Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Educação. Alguns caminhos metodológicos utilizados por antropólogos são citados, assim como referências bibliográficas essenciais.
Editorial
Authors: Prado Renata Lopes Costa , Prado Ricardo , Jalbut Magdalena Viggiani 
Published: May 2014

Nesta terceira edição da revista Veras, publicada pelo Instituto Superior de Educação Vera Cruz, convidamos os leitores a refletirem sobre práticas e sentidos de uma educação mais inclusiva, que respeite as diferenças...
Relações entre Biologia e Educação Física: olhar de especialistas sobre uma proposta de sequência didática
Authors: Lorena Fernanda Beraldo , Filgueiras Isabel Porto , Pechliye Magda Medhat 
Published: May 2014

A atual organização curricular de grande parte das escolas brasileiras se apresenta de forma fragmentada e desconexa, o que limita o desenvolvimento global e integrado das competências e habilidades dos alunos. Os projetos ou sequências didáticas interdisciplinares surgem como uma opção para superar tal limitação. Entretanto, existem poucos estudos que abordam experiências de integração curricular na Escola. O objetivo desse trabalho foi elaborar, a partir do referencial teórico da interdisciplinaridade, uma sequência didática visando a integração das disciplinas Biologia e Educação Física, a partir do tema Fisiologia do Exercício e submetê-la à análise de especialistas das duas disciplinas a fim de avaliar a viabilidade de realizar a proposta com alunos do Ensino Fundamental II. Os pareceres dos avaliadores das duas disciplinas indicaram que a sequência didática apresentou aspectos positivos como a diversidade e criatividade das atividades, a preocupação com o levantamento de conhecimentos prévios e contextualização dos conteúdos com a vida dos alunos, aspectos considerados importantes no processo de aprendizagem. A sequência elaborada, segundo os avaliadores, é passível de aplicação segundo aspectos de conteúdo e compatível com objetivos propostos, embora tenha sido ressaltada a dificuldade de encontrar uma escola com a disponibilidade de realizar um trabalho interdisciplinar como foi proposto, devido a disponibilidade de tempo, e organização do horário dos professores e ao currículo fragmentado presente atualmente nas escolas. A sequência permite ainda ao professor o exercício reflexivo, que contribui para o aprimoramento da sua prática.
A qualidade da interação entre pares e a implantação de um ambiente sociomoral cooperativo a partir da literatura infantil
Authors: Borges Anna Karolina Santoro , Tognetta Luciene Regina Paulino 
Published: May 2014

A presente investigação, de caráter qualitativo, objetivou verificar possíveis mudanças nas relações entre pares após a implantação de um trabalho com literatura infantil. Tal trabalho foi decorrente de um projeto de formação de professores cuja proposta é a implantação de um ambiente sociomoral cooperativo em sala de aula. A amostra intencional foi composta por 250 alunos (meninos e meninas) de 7 a 10 anos, todos estudantes do ensino fundamental I de redes municipais do Estado de São Paulo. O método utilizado consistiu na aplicação de um questionário em duas etapas: o pré-teste, anterior à implantação do projeto, e o pós-teste, preenchido pelas crianças após o término do trabalho. Por meio de um questionário que continha perguntas sobre três temas principais – as amizades na escola, a sistemática dos trabalhos em grupo e os sentimentos expressos a respeito do ambiente escolar –, as crianças foram indagadas sobre a qualidade de suas relações entre pares. Os dados obtidos passaram por uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa, sendo estatisticamente tratados. Os resultados do pré-teste e pós-teste foram comparados, e foi possível constatar a partir daimplantação do trabalho com literatura infantil, melhor qualidade nas relações interpessoais vivenciadas na escola.
Structure-Stability Correlations in Li-ion Battery Cathode Materials
Authors: Patridge Christopher , Love Corey , Dmowski Wojtek , Ramaker David , Johannes Michelle , Swider-Lyons Karen 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTDetailed structural studies of two lithiated metal oxides, Li2CuO2 and nanoscale LiCoO2, have been carried out using ex situ high-energy X-ray diffraction (XRD) and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with the objective of understanding structural changes that might cause capacity loss during cycling. XRD on the cuprate was studied at various states of charge and phase composition, and the bulk state was determined by Rietveld refinement and pair density function (PDF) analysis. Results showed a largely irreversible structural change of the material upon oxidation of Cu2+ as well as CuO formation. The in-situ XAS of the LiCoO2 was analyzed through a difference method to extract the changes in the local structure that occur upon cycling in both the near edge (XANES) and extended region (EXAFS). Results suggest that cycling causes site exchange of the Co and Li ions near the surface of the nanoscale LiCoO2.
Structure and Characteristics of Few-layer Molybdenum Disulfide
Authors: Reifler E. S. , Nuhfer N. T. , Towe E. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTLayered transition-metal dichalcogenides such as molybdenum disulfide are indirect band gap materials in their bulk form but become direct semiconductors when pared down to a single layer. This paper discusses the structural characteristics and properties of single and few-layer molybdenum disulfide. Specifically, we present aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigations of the structural properties of this material. This information is augmented with data from Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies on single and few-layer samples. High-resolution TEM images of few-layer and bulk molybdenum disulfide confirm a hexagonal structure for the material. Direct images, along with corresponding fast Fourier transforms, provide valuable information about the crystal structure and reciprocal space lattice of few-layer molybdenum disulfide. One can, for example, determine the in-plane lattice constants experimentally from analysis of the TEM images. Atomic force microscope topographic maps can yield the thickness of a monolayer of molybdenum disulfide; these maps can also be used to determine the thicknesses of multi-layered samples. Analysis of combined Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy data are valuable in confirming the number of layers in molybdenum disulfide samples. Furthermore, the photoluminescence data can provide unique information on the nature of emission from monolayer molybdenum disulfide; it is characteristically different from that of few-layer samples. The spectral location of the monolayer peak emission agrees with what was obtained from theoretical calculations.
Lifestyle and Metformin Interventions Have a Durable Effect to Lower CRP and tPA Levels in the Diabetes Prevention Program Except in Those Who Develop Diabetes
Authors: Goldberg Ronald B. , Temprosa Marinella G. , Mather Kieren J. , Orchard Trevor J. , Kitabchi Abbas E. , Watson Karol E. ,   for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE
We evaluate whether lifestyle and metformin interventions used to prevent diabetes have durable effects on markers of inflammation and coagulation and whether the effects are influenced by the development of diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Diabetes Prevention Program was a controlled clinical trial of 3,234 subjects at high risk for diabetes who were randomized to lifestyle, metformin, or placebo interventions for 3.4 years. Diabetes was diagnosed semiannually by fasting glucose and annually by oral glucose tolerance testing. In addition to baseline testing, anthropometry was performed every 6 months; fasting insulin yearly; and hs-CRP, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and fibrinogen at 1 year and end of study (EOS).

RESULTS
CRP and tPA levels were unchanged in the placebo group but fell in the lifestyle and metformin groups at 1 year and remained lower at EOS. These reductions were not seen in those who developed diabetes over the course of the study despite intervention. Fibrinogen was lower at 1 year in the lifestyle group. Differences in weight and weight change explained most of the influence of diabetes on the CRP response in the lifestyle group, but only partly in the placebo and metformin groups. Weight, insulin sensitivity, and hyperglycemia differences each accounted for the influence of diabetes on the tPA response.

CONCLUSIONS
Lifestyle and metformin interventions have durable effects to lower hs-CRP and tPA. Incident diabetes prevented these improvements, and this was accounted for by differences in weight, insulin resistance, and glucose levels.
Electokinetic and adsorption properties of different titanium dioxides at the solid/solution interface
Authors: Khalameida Svitlana , Skwarek Ewa , Janusz Wladyslaw , Sydorchuk Volodymyr , Leboda Roman , Skubiszewska-Zięba Jadwiga 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Six samples of titanium dioxide of different phase compositions and specific surface areas have been characterized by XRD, Raman-and FTIR spectroscopy, adsorption of nitrogen, electrophoresis. Adsorption of Zn(II) ions at the TiO2/NaCl aqueous solution interface as well as the effect of adsorption on the structure of electrical double layer have been studied. The influence of ionic strength, pH and presence of ions on the adsorption of Zn(II) ions at the TiO2/NaCl solution interface have also been investigated. The zeta potential, surface charge density, parameters of adsorption edge pH50% and ΔpH10–90% for different concentrations of basic electrolyte have been determined. Studied unpurified samples showed lower values of isoelectric point pHiep compared with literature data due to the presence of anion impurities. The antibate dependence between pHiep values and particle size has been established. Adsorption of Zn(II) ions using monophase samples is completed at a lower pH than for the biphase TiO2. Appearance of the point CR3 is associated with the charge turnover from positive to negative at high values of pH and formation of Zn(OH)2.
First detection of acalculous cholecystitis associated with Sarcocystis infection in a patient with AIDS
Authors: Agholi Mahmoud , Heidarian Hamid , Moghadami Mohsen , Hatam Gholam 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAcalculous cholecystitis and cholangitis are increasingly being recognized as complications of AIDS. The opportunistic parasites that have been most commonly associated with these disorders are Cryptosporidium species, Isospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi. The authors performed a parasitological survey on the gallbladder tissue sections of patients underwent cholecystectomy due to chronic acalculous cholecystitis at the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Light microscopic investigation in more than three hundred archived histopathological slides revealed the presence of sexual stages (i.e., mature sporocysts) of a coccidial protozoan in a patient with AIDS who developed acalculous cholecystitis as confirmed by histological, parasitological and molecular tests in which Sarcocystis species was the only identifiable pathogen in gallbladder sections. In the best of our knowledge it’s the first documented case of chronic non-calculous cholecystitis due to Sarcocystis parasite in an Iranian AIDS patient from worldwide.
Normalization Considerations for Using the Unilateral Seated Shot Put Test in Rehabilitation
Authors: Chmielewski Terese L. , Martin Christine , Lentz Trevor A. , Tillman Susan M. , Moser Michael W. , Farmer Kevin W. , Jaric Slobodan 
Published: May 2014

Study Design Cross-sectional study. Objectives To examine the effect of different normalization methods on unilateral seated shot put test results. Background The unilateral seated shot put test could assist clinical decision making in upper extremity rehabilitation, but test results must be normalized to compare across patients. The effect of normalization methods based on body size and upper-limb dominance is unknown. Methods One hundred twenty-five collegiate athletes (63 males) performed the unilateral seated shot put test with each upper extremity. Anthropometric measures (height, body mass, arm length) and distance thrown were recorded. Normalization based on body size included ratio scaling and allometric scaling. Ratio scaling was performed with the anthropometric measure having the highest correlation to distance thrown (distance/anthropometric measure). Allometric scaling was performed with body mass raised to the theoretical exponent 0.67 (distance/body mass0.67) and a derived exponent. Correlations of nonnormalized and normalized values with body mass were then determined. The limb symmetry index [(dominant-side distance/nondominantside distance) × 100] was used for normalization based on limb dominance. Sex differences were examined. Results Body mass was selected for ratio scaling, and 0.35 was the derived allometric-scaling exponent. Across sexes, only allometric scaling with the exponent 0.35 removed the correlation with body mass. The mean limb symmetry index exceeded 100% in males (108.7%) and females (104.4%). All normalized test results were higher in males. Conclusion When using the unilateral seated shot put test in rehabilitation, allometric scaling with the exponent 0.35 is preferable, limb comparisons should account for 5% to 10% better performance on the dominant side, and performance benchmarks should be set within sex. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(7):518–524. Epub 10 May 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5004
Use of Thoracic Spine Thrust Manipulation for Neck Pain and Headache in a Patient Following Multiple-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Case Report
Authors: Salvatori Renata , Rowe Robert H. , Osborne Raine , Beneciuk Jason M. 
Published: May 2014

Study Design Case report. Background Thoracic spine thrust manipulation has been shown to be an effective intervention for individuals experiencing mechanical neck pain. Case Description The patient was a 46-year-old woman referred to outpatient physical therapy 2 months following multiple-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. At initial evaluation, primary symptoms consisted of frequent headaches, neck pain, intermittent referred right elbow pain, and muscle fatigue localized to the right cervical and upper thoracic spine regions. Initial examination findings included decreased passive joint mobility of the thoracic spine, limited cervical range of motion, and limited right shoulder strength. Outcome measures consisted of the numeric pain rating scale, the Neck Disability Index, and the global rating of change scale. Treatment consisted of a combination of manual therapy techniques aimed at the thoracic spine, therapeutic exercises for the upper quarter, and patient education, including a home exercise program, over a 6-week episode of care. Outcomes Immediate reductions in cervical-region pain (mean ± SD, 2.0 ± 1.1) and headache (2.0 ± 1.3) intensity were reported every treatment session immediately following thoracic spine thrust manipulation. At discharge, the patient reported 0/10 cervical pain and headache symptoms during all work-related activities. From initial assessment to discharge, Neck Disability Index scores improved from 46% to 16%, with an associated global rating of change scale score of +7 (“a very great deal better”). Discussion This case report describes the immediate and short-term clinical outcomes for a patient presenting with symptoms of neck pain and headache following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgical intervention. Clinical rationale and patient preference aided the decision to incorporate thoracic spine thrust manipulation as a treatment for this patient. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(6):440–449. Epub 10 May 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5026
The Influence of Hip Strength on Lower-Limb, Pelvis, and Trunk Kinematics and Coordination Patterns During Walking and Hopping in Healthy Women
Authors: Smith Jo Armour , Popovich John M. , Kulig Kornelia 
Published: May 2014

Study Design Cross-sectional laboratory study. Objectives To compare peak lower-limb, pelvis, and trunk kinematics and interjoint and intersegmental coordination in women with strong and weak hip muscle performance. Background Persons with lower extremity musculoskeletal disorders often demonstrate a combination of weak hip musculature and altered kinematics during weight-bearing dynamic tasks. However, the association between hip strength and kinematics independent of pathology or pain is unclear. Methods Peak hip extensor and abductor torques were measured in 150 healthy young women. Of these, 10 fit the criteria for the strong group and 9 for the weak group, representing those with the strongest and weakest hip musculature, respectively, of the 150 screened individuals. Kinematics of the hip, knee, pelvis, and trunk were measured during the stance phases of walking and rate-controlled hopping. Hip/knee and pelvis/trunk coordination were calculated using the vector coding technique. Results There were no group differences in peak hip, knee, or pelvis kinematics. Participants in the weak group demonstrated greater trunk lateral bend toward the stance limb during hopping (P = .002, effect size [d] = 1.88). In the transverse plane, those in the weak group utilized less inphase coordination between the hip and the knee during walking (P = .036, d = 1.45) and more antiphase coordination between the hip and knee during hopping (P = .03, d = 1.47). Conclusion In the absence of pain or pathology, poor hip muscle performance does not affect peak hip or knee joint kinematics in young women, but is associated with significantly different lower-limb and trunk/pelvis coordination during weight-bearing dynamic tasks. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(7):525–531. Epub 10 May 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5028