bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saprochaete capitata as an emerging fungus among patients with haematological malignencies
Authors: Ulu‐Kilic Aysegul , Atalay Mustafa Altay , Metan Gökhan , Cevahir Fatma , Koç Nedret , Eser Bülent , Çetin Mustafa , Kaynar Leyla , Alp Emine 
Published: July 2015

SummarySaprochaete capitata is a very rare pathogen that causes invasive disease particularly in patients with haematological malignancies. We recognised a clustering of S. capitata fungaemia in recent years. So, we report our 6‐year surveillance study of fungaemia among patients with haematological malignancies and haematopoietic stem cell transplant. We performed a retrospective and observational study. Hospitalised patients aged >18 years with haematological malignancies were included in the study. A total of 51 fungaemia episodes of 47 patients were analysed. The characteristics of fungaemia in patients with S. capitata compared to patients with candidemia. Median duration of neutropenia was 21.5 days in patients with S. capitata fungaemia, whereas this duration was significantly shorter in patients with candidemia (8 days). Interval between first and last positive culture was significantly longer in patients with S. capitata fungaemia (P < 0.05). Previous use of caspofungin was significantly more common in patients with S. capitata fungaemia. Thirty‐day mortality was found 40% for patients with candidemia, whereas it was 39% for patients with S. capitata. In conclusion, despite its limitations this study showed that a novel and more resistant yeast‐like pathogen become prevalent due to use of caspofungin in patients with long‐lasting neutropenia which was the most noteworthy finding of this 6‐year surveillance study.
A roadmap for research on crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) to enhance sustainable food and bioenergy production in a hotter, drier world
Authors: Yang Xiaohan , Cushman John C. , Borland Anne M. , Edwards Erika J. , Wullschleger Stan D. , Tuskan Gerald A. , Owen Nick A. , Griffiths Howard , Smith J. Andrew C. , De Paoli Henrique C. , Weston David J. , Cottingham Robert , Hartwell James , Davis Sarah C. , Silvera Katia , Ming Ray , Schlauch Karen , Abraham Paul , Stewart J. Ryan , Guo Hao‐Bo , Albion Rebecca , Ha Jungmin , Lim Sung Don , Wone Bernard W. M. , Yim Won Cheol , Garcia Travis , Mayer Jesse A. , Petereit Juli , Nair Sujithkumar S. , Casey Erin , Hettich Robert L. , Ceusters Johan , Ranjan Priya , Palla Kaitlin J. , Yin Hengfu , Reyes‐García Casandra , Andrade José Luis , Freschi Luciano , Beltrán Juan D. , Dever Louisa V. , Boxall Susanna F. , Waller Jade , Davies Jack , Bupphada Phaitun , Kadu Nirja , Winter Klaus , Sage Rowan F. , Aguilar Cristobal N. , Schmutz Jeremy , Jenkins Jerry , Holtum Joseph A. M. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryCrassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a specialized mode of photosynthesis that features nocturnal CO2 uptake, facilitates increased water‐use efficiency (WUE), and enables CAM plants to inhabit water‐limited environments such as semi‐arid deserts or seasonally dry forests. Human population growth and global climate change now present challenges for agricultural production systems to increase food, feed, forage, fiber, and fuel production. One approach to meet these challenges is to increase reliance on CAM crops, such as Agave and Opuntia, for biomass production on semi‐arid, abandoned, marginal, or degraded agricultural lands. Major research efforts are now underway to assess the productivity of CAM crop species and to harness the WUE of CAM by engineering this pathway into existing food, feed, and bioenergy crops. An improved understanding of CAM has potential for high returns on research investment. To exploit the potential of CAM crops and CAM bioengineering, it will be necessary to elucidate the evolution, genomic features, and regulatory mechanisms of CAM. Field trials and predictive models will be required to assess the productivity of CAM crops, while new synthetic biology approaches need to be developed for CAM engineering. Infrastructure will be needed for CAM model systems, field trials, mutant collections, and data management.
Respiratory syncytial virus infections in pediatric transplant recipients: A Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program study
Authors: Robinson Joan L. , Grenier Danielle , MacLusky Ian , Allen Upton D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe incidence and spectrum of severity of RSV infections in SOT or HSCT recipients is not known. From September 2010 through August 2013, pediatricians were surveyed monthly by the CPSP for SOT or HSCT recipients with RSV infection within two yr post‐transplant. There were 24 completed case report forms that fit the inclusion criteria (10 HSCT and 14 SOT recipients). Six of 24 cases (25%) remained outpatients, and 11 (46%) were managed on an inpatient ward, while seven (29%) required intensive care of which five required mechanical ventilation and two died of RSV infection. Ten of 23 cases (43%) were nosocomial with these data not recorded for one case. Many transplant recipients recover uneventfully from RSV infection in the first two yr post‐transplant. However, severe disease and death also occur. Larger studies are required to establish risk factors for poor outcomes. Prevention of nosocomial RSV should be a priority in transplant recipients.
Second‐Order Logic and Set Theory
Authors: Väänänen Jouko 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBoth second‐order logic and set theory can be used as a foundation for mathematics, that is, as a formal language in which propositions of mathematics can be expressed and proved. We take it upon ourselves in this paper to compare the two approaches, second‐order logic on one hand and set theory on the other hand, evaluating their merits and weaknesses. We argue that we should think of first‐order set theory as a very high‐order logic.
Divine Ineffability
Authors: Bennett‐Hunter Guy 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThough largely neglected by philosophers, the concept of ineffability is integral to the Christian mystical tradition, and has been part of almost every philosophical discussion of religious experience since the early twentieth century. After a brief introduction, this article surveys the most important discussions of divine ineffability, observing that the literature presents two mutually reinforcing obstacles to a coherent account of the concept, creating the impression that philosophical reflection on the subject had reached an impasse. The article goes on to survey some more recent work, which draws on the conceptual resources of existential phenomenology, pragmatism, and the later Wittgenstein. It shows that this work has made possible a new philosophical account of divine ineffability that surmounts the obstacles, overcomes the impasse and makes divine ineffability, once again, a live option in philosophy of religion. The article concludes with some brief remarks on how this alternative approach reflects recent trends in the discipline as a whole and has the potential to make a valuable contribution to live research questions in epistemology of religion.
Apomixis does not affect visitation to flowers of Melastomataceae, but pollen sterility does
Authors: Maia F. R. , Varassin I. G. , Goldenberg R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractApomixis is an asexual seed reproduction mechanism thorough which embryos are originated from material tissues inside the ovules, without precedent fertilisation. It allows plants to colonise new habitats, even in places where flower visitors are scarce or where plants are isolate. Apomixis seems to be related to pollen sterility and, in species with flowers that offer pollen as a reward for pollinators, the amount or quality of the pollen offered by these species may influence the amount of the visits and specific composition of the visitors. In order to test this hypothesis, we studied breeding systems of 16 species of Melastomataceae and their flower visitors, evaluating composition and abundance of the visits to apomictic and sexual species. Apomictic plants with no viable pollen or with pollen with low viability did not receive visits from pollinators, and consequently probably produce strictly apomictic fruits. On the other hand, apomictic and sexual plants with high pollen viability do receive visits; in this case, apomictic plants may produce fruits and seeds through both sexual and apomictic methods. The species composition of insects visiting Melastomataceae with high pollen viability was similar, regardless of whether the plants were apomictic or not. It seems that pollen viability levels are important to determine visits to the flowers irrespective of breeding system.
Reproductive biology and nectar production of the Mexican endemic Psittacanthus auriculatus (Loranthaceae), a hummingbird‐pollinated mistletoe
Authors: Pérez‐Crespo M. J. , Ornelas J. F. , Martén‐Rodríguez S. , González‐Rodríguez A. , Lara C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMany mistletoe species produce ‘bird’‐pollinated flowers; however, the reproductive biology of the majority of these species has not been studied. Psittacanthus auriculatus is a Mexican endemic mistletoe, most common in open, dry mesquite grassland. Knowledge of the reproductive biology of P. auriculatus is essential for understanding species formation and diversification of Psittacanthus mistletoes, but it is currently poorly understood. Thus, we studied floral biology and phenology, nectar production and breeding system and pollination of this species. The hermaphroditic red‐pink flowers open from the middle to the tip and petals are curly, but remain partially fused forming a floral tube of ca. 20‐mm long. Flowers are partially protandrous, produce large amounts of nectar, last 2 days, and stigma receptivity is highest during the second day. We recorded hummingbirds (Cynanthus latirostris, Hylocharis leucotis, Amazilia beryllina, A. violiceps, Calothorax lucifer, Archilochus colubris) and less commonly butterflies (Agraulis vanillae, Anteos clorinde, Papilio multicaudatus, Phocides urania, Phoebis sennae) as floral visitors. P. auriculatus flowers are self‐compatible. However, this mistletoe is an obligate animal‐pollinated species, as the sensitive stigma avoids self‐pollination. Under natural conditions, reproductive success was higher than in manually selfed or cross‐pollinated flowers, likely due to the traplining foraging behaviour of hummingbirds. We suggest that the apparent efficient foraging behaviour of hummingbirds maintains gene flow among P. auriculatus, promoting outcrossing.
A test of phenotypic selection on petal form in the wild carnation, Dianthus inoxianus
Authors: Herrera J. , Balao F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFloral phenotypes are considered a product of pollinator‐mediated selection, which also has the side effect of decreasing floral variation within species. Correlates of flower visibility and function were studied in a carnation species (Dianthus inoxianus), which has crepuscular anthesis and scent‐based pollination by the hawkmoth Hyles livornica. We also assessed constancy of flower form in nature and in cultivation and, using fruit set as an estimate of plant relative fitness, tested whether the main pollinator exerted phenotypic selection on floral traits. Petal claw, which is roughly equivalent to the average depth at which an insect's proboscis must be inserted to reach nectar, was remarkably constant among wild plants (coefficient of variation 8%). In contrast, the area of the visible part of the petal, and the intensity of a coloured dot pattern on the petal was very variable (respectively CV = 34% and 102%). Cultivation in a common environment revealed significant variation among genotypes as regards petal area, degree of laciniation and extension of the dot pattern, but not petal claw length, which remained steady. Petal area, shape and colour did not affect relative fitness during the year of study, but plants with intermediate petal claws (i.e. floral tubes) set significantly more fruit. Results are compatible with low response of the main pollinator to variation in visual traits (petal area, laciniation, colour) and high responsiveness to variation in other aspects (tube length). Inconsistent phenotypic selection by pollinators may add to other causes of floral variation in the genus Dianthus, the causes of which are discussed.
Sources of Fluctuations in the Real Exchange Rates and Trade Balances of the G‐7: A Sign Restriction VAR Approach
Authors: Huh Hyeon‐seung , Kwon Won Soon 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper estimates structural vector autoregression models of output, the real exchange rate and trade balance for the group of seven leading advanced economies (G‐7). Unlike previous studies, we do not impose long‐run purchasing power parity as an identifying assumption; instead, the shocks underlying the model are structurally identified using a set of theory‐consistent sign restrictions. Empirical results show that nominal shocks account for most of the long‐run variability in trade balances across the G‐7 countries. We are able to attribute this finding to long‐run movements in the real exchange rate, as the real exchange rate is significantly affected by nominal shocks in the long run.
Emotion Socialization in the Context of Risk and Psychopathology: Mother and Father Socialization of Anger and Sadness in Adolescents with Depressive Disorder
Authors: Shortt Joann Wu , Katz Lynn Fainsilber , Allen Nicholas B. , Leve Craig , Davis Betsy , Sheeber Lisa B. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study examined parental emotion socialization processes associated with adolescent unipolar depressive disorder. Adolescent participants (N = 107; 42 boys) were selected either to meet criteria for current unipolar depressive disorder or to be psychologically healthy as defined by no lifetime history of psychopathology or mental health treatment and low levels of current depressive symptomatology. A multi‐source/method measurement strategy was used to assess mothers’ and fathers’ responses to adolescent sad and angry emotion. Each parent and adolescent completed questionnaire measures of parental emotion socialization behavior, and participated in meta‐emotion interviews and parent‐adolescent interactions. As hypothesized, parents of adolescents with depressive disorder engaged in fewer supportive responses and more unsupportive responses overall relative to parents of non‐depressed adolescents. Between group differences were more pronounced for families of boys, and for fathers relative to mothers. The findings indicate that parent emotion socialization is associated with adolescent depression and highlight the importance of including fathers in studies of emotion socialization, especially as it relates to depression.
Do Young Children's Representations of Discipline and Empathy Moderate the Effects of Punishment on Emotion Regulation?
Authors: Lee Young‐Eun , Brophy‐Herb Holly E. , Vallotton Claire D. , Griffore Robert J. , Carlson John S. , Robinson JoAnn L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study examined whether children's representations of parenting (perceptions of authoritative discipline and empathy) moderated the association between harsh punishment—including corporal punishment (CP) and verbal punishment (VP)—and children's emotion regulation at the age of five years. Participants were 559 low‐income mother‐child dyads. Maternal self‐reports and home observations were used to measure punishment. Children's representations were assessed using the MacArthur Story Stem Battery. Children's emotion regulation was assessed by observer rating via the Leiter International Performance Scale–Revised. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that children's authoritative disciplinary representations moderated the effects of both VP and CP on children's emotion regulation. Empathic representations moderated the effects of VP only on children's emotion regulation. The current findings highlight the role of children's internal representations as potential protective factors in the context of harsher forms of punishment.
Phases, Reflexives, and Definiteness
Authors: Despić Miloje 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates a puzzling correlation between two seemingly disparate phenomena: the crosslinguistic distribution of reflexive possessives and definiteness marking. As observed in Reuland 2007, 2011 and supported here by additional crosslinguistic evidence, reflexive possessives are available only in languages that either lack definiteness marking or encode definiteness postnominally. Languages that have prenominal (article‐like) definiteness marking, on the other hand, systematically lack reflexive possessives. I argue that such facts support a particular approach to reflexive binding—specifically, one that has the following properties: (i) binding domains are stated in terms of phases, (ii) in addition toCPs andvPs,DPs are phases, and (iii)DPis not universal. I closely examine another robust crosslinguistic correlation regarding definiteness marking—Bošković's (2008) Left Branch Extraction generalization—and show how it directly follows from the key assumptions of the analysis. I situate my proposals within a broader context of the phase theory, arguing that the syntactic representation of (in)definiteness is the crucial factor in determining the phasehood status of nominal categories. I extend my analysis to the clausal domain and discuss it in the context of languages that allow reflexives in the subject position.
Determinants of Firm Value in Kenya: Case of Commercial Banks Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange
Authors: Ayako Aloys , Wamalwa Fidelis 
Published: July 2015

This study analysed the determinants of firm value of commercial banks listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE). The analysis was based on secondary panel data over the period 2002 to 2012. The estimation results of the random effects regression model showed that, though statistically significant (p<0.05), the joint effects of the determinants under the study was low, accounting for about 30 per cent of the variance of the firm value of the listed commercial banks in Kenya. At the individual determinant level, the estimation results were mixed. While we could not reject the null hypotheses that assets, capital structure, cash flows, dividend ratio and intangible had no statistically significant individual effects on the firm value of the listed commercial banks (p<0.05), we rejected the null hypotheses and concluded that market capitalization had statistically significant individual effects on the firm value of the listed commercial banks (p<0.05). Given the relatively low joint effects of the determinants under the study, we recommends that further studies should be undertaken to identify and include additional firm specific and both industry level and macroeconomic control variables. The studies should also evaluate the effects of alternative computation of firm value on the model estimation results. The studies may focus on firm value of the listed commercial banks and/or other listed firms in the NSE
Effect of hyperinsulinaemia–hyperaminoacidaemia on leg muscle protein synthesis and breakdown: reassessment of the two‐pool arterio‐venous balance model
Authors: Smith Gordon I. , Patterson Bruce W. , Klein Seth J. , Mittendorfer Bettina 
Published: July 2015

Key points
Accurate measurements of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown rates are critical for understanding the processes underlying muscle atrophy and hypertrophy.
Several mathematical approaches have been described to derive muscle protein synthesis and breakdown rates from a two‐pool (artery–vein) model including metabolic tracers.
We found that only some of the published approaches provide accurate protein turnover rates and only when the computations are made with mole percent excess as the measure of tracer enrichment and the sum of tracer and tracee as the corresponding concentration in the artery and vein; errors, up to several‐fold in magnitude, result when computations are made with unlabelled concentration only, and/or enrichment expressed as tracer‐to‐tracee ratio or with any of the other equations (irrespective of how concentration and enrichment are expressed).
Interpretation of muscle protein turnover rates and their validity requires careful attention to the mathematical approach used to calculate them.
AbstractAccurate measurement of muscle protein turnover is critical for understanding the physiological processes underlying muscle atrophy and hypertrophy. Several mathematical approaches, used in conjunction with a tracer amino acid infusion, have been described to derive protein synthesis and breakdown rates from a two‐pool (artery–vein) model. Despite apparently common underlying principles, these approaches differ significantly (some seem to not take into account arterio‐venous shunting of amino acids, which comprises ∼80–90% of amino acids appearing in the vein) and most do not specify how tracer enrichment (i.e. mole percent excess (MPE) or tracer‐to‐tracee ratio (TTR)) and amino acid concentration (i.e. unlabelled only or total labelled plus unlabelled) should be expressed, which could have a significant impact on the outcome when using stable isotope labelled tracers. We developed equations that avoid these uncertainties and used them to calculate leg phenylalanine (Phe) kinetics in subjects who received a [2H5]Phe tracer infusion during postabsorptive conditions and during a hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp with concomitant protein ingestion. These results were compared with those obtained by analysing the same data with previously reported equations. Only some of them computed the results correctly when used with MPE as the enrichment measure and total (tracer+tracee) Phe concentrations; errors up to several‐fold in magnitude were noted when the same approaches were used in conjunction with TTR and/or unlabelled concentration only, or when using the other approaches (irrespective of how concentration and enrichment are expressed). Our newly developed equations should facilitate accurate calculation of protein synthesis and breakdown rates.