bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of aqueous pollen extracts using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and pattern recognition methods
Authors: Seifert Stephan , Merk Virginia , Kneipp Janina 
Published: August 2015

Aqueous pollen extracts of varying taxonomic relations were analyzed with surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by using gold nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions as SERS substrate. This enables a selective vibrational characterization of the pollen water soluble fraction (mostly cellular components) devoid of the spectral contributions from the insoluble sporopollenin outer layer. The spectra of the pollen extracts are species‐specific, and the chemical fingerprints can be exploited to achieve a classification that can distinguish between different species of the same genus. In the simple experimental procedure, several thousands of spectra per species are generated. Using an artificial neural network (ANN), it is demonstrated that analysis of the intrinsic biochemical information of the pollen cells in the SERS data enables the identification of pollen from different plant species at high accuracy. The ANN extracts the taxonomically‐relevant information from the data in spite of high intra‐species spectral variation caused by signal fluctuations and preparation specifics. The results show that SERS can be used for the reliable characterization and identification of pollen samples. They have implications for improved investigation of pollen physiology and for allergy warning.
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Biomechanical analysis of engineered bone with anti‐BMP2 antibody immobilized on different scaffolds
Authors: Ansari Sahar , Phark Jin‐Ho , Duarte Sillas , Paulino da Silva Maike , Sharifzadeh Navid , Moshaverinia Alireza , Zadeh Homayoun H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRecently we have demonstrated the ability of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐2 immobilized on different scaffolds to mediate bone formation, a process referred to as Antibody Mediated Osseous Regeneration (AMOR). One of the key properties of regenerated bone is its biomechanical strength, in particular in load‐bearing areas. This study sought to test the hypothesis that the biomechanical strength of regenerated bone depends of the mode of regeneration, as well as the scaffold used. Four different scaffolds, namely titanium granules (Ti), alginate hydrogel, anorganic bovine bone mineral (ABBM), and absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) were functionalized with anti‐BMP‐2 or isotype control mAb and implanted into rat critical‐size calvarial defects. The morphology, density and strength of the regenerated bone were evaluated after 8 weeks. Results demonstrated that scaffolds functionalized with anti‐BMP‐2 mAb exhibited varying degrees of bone volume and density. Ti and ABBM achieved the highest bone volume, density, and strength of bone. When anti‐BMP‐2 mAb was immobilized on Ti or ABBM, the strength of the regenerated bone were 80% and 77% of native bone respectively, compared with 60% of native bone in sites implanted with rh‐BMP‐2. Control interventions with isotype mAb did not promote considerable bone regeneration and exhibited significantly lower mechanical properties. SEM analysis showed specimens immobilized with anti‐BMP‐2 mAb formed new bone with organized structure bridging the crack areas. Altogether, the present data demonstrated that the morphological and mechanical properties of bone bioengineered through AMOR could approximate that of native bone, when appropriate scaffolds are used. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1465–1473, 2016.
Deploying Robots With Two Sensors in K1, 6‐Free Graphs
Authors: Abbas Waseem , Egerstedt Magnus , Liu Chun‐Hung , Thomas Robin , Whalen Peter 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLet G be a graph of minimum degree at least 2 with no induced subgraph isomorphic to K1, 6. We prove that if G is not isomorphic to one of eight exceptional graphs, then it is possible to assign two‐element subsets of to the vertices of G in such a way that for every and every vertex the label i is assigned to v or one of its neighbors. It follows that G has fractional domatic number at least 5/2. This is motivated by a problem in robotics and generalizes a result of Fujita, Yamashita, and Kameda who proved that the same conclusion holds for all 3‐regular graphs.
Crisis in Microfinance Institutions: Identifying Problems
Authors: Sainz‐Fernandez Isabel , Torre‐Olmo Begoña , López‐Gutiérrez Carlos , Sanfilippo‐Azofra Sergio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article empirically analyses the reasons for crises in microfinance institutions (MFIs), using a sample of 832 MFIs from 74 countries for the period 2003–2011. The methodology used is logit analysis with panel data. The main results show that both internal and external factors influence the probability of a crisis. We find different factors that reduce the likelihood of a crisis (company's performance, country's economic growth, political stability, and existence of a private credit bureau). On the other hand, excessive liquidity, a higher proportion of deposits over loans and more loans per employee all increase the probability of a crisis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship Between Peer Victimization and Posttraumatic Stress Among Primary School Children
Authors: Litman Leib , Costantino Giuseppe , Waxman Richard , Sanabria‐Velez Caribel , Rodriguez‐Guzman Von Marie , Lampon‐Velez Anabelle , Brown Richard , Cruz Tomas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPeer victimization is a common stressor experienced by children. Although peer victimization has been studied extensively, few studies have examined the potential link between peer victimization and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and no studies of which we are aware have examined this link among children in primary school. The paucity of studies examining the link between PTSD and peer victimization in primary school is surprising because peer victimization occurs more frequently and is more likely to be physical among 7‐ and 8‐year‐old children. This study assessed the relationship between peer victimization and PTSD in a sample of 358 elementary school children (ages 6–11 years). Results indicated that peer victimization accounted for 14.1% of PTSD symptom severity among boys and 10.1% among girls. Additionally, we found gender differences in the types of peer victimization that were most associated with PTSD symptom severity (d = 0.38). The long‐term developmental consequences that may be associated with peer victimization‐linked PTSD symptomatology are discussed.
Diel vertical migration, size distribution and photoprotection in zooplankton as response to UV‐A radiation
Authors: Ekvall Mikael T. , Hylander Samuel , Walles Tim , Yang Xi , Hansson Lars‐Anders 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe transparency regulator hypothesis (TRH) proposes that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a main driving force behind diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton in clearwater systems. While previous studies have mainly studied DVM in relation to the TRH on a spatial scale across systems we here focus on long‐term trends in a single system in order to assess if UVR explains observed patterns in DVM. We show that the strength of DVM in Daphnia is to a large extent explained by UVR and we demonstrate a tipping point at which the UVR intensity drastically affects the strength of DVM in Daphnia. In contrast, the strength of DVM could not be explained by the level of UVR among calanoid copepods. The amount of photoprotective compounds did not differ between zooplankton found at different depths indicating that zooplankton do not change their vertical position in relation to the amount of accumulated photoprotective compounds. In addition, we show that both Daphnia and calanoid copepods display patterns of size structured migration.
Simultaneous in vivo comparison of water‐filled and air‐filled pressure measurement catheters: Implications for good urodynamic practice
Authors: Gammie A. , Abrams P. , Bevan W. , Ellis‐Jones J. , Gray J. , Hassine A. , Williams J. , Hashim H. 
Published: August 2015

AimsThis study aimed to evaluate whether the pressure readings obtained from air‐filled catheters (AFCs) are the same as the readings from simultaneously inserted water‐filled catheters (WFCs). It also aimed to make any possible recommendations for the use of AFCs to conform to International Continence Society (ICS) Good Urodynamic Practices (GUP).MethodsFemale patients undergoing urodynamic studies in a single center had water‐filled and air‐filled catheters simultaneously measuring abdominal and intravesical pressure during filling with saline and during voiding. The pressures recorded by each system at each event during the test were compared using paired t‐test and Bland‐Altman analyses.Results62 patients were recruited, of whom 51 had pressures that could be compared during filling, and 23 during voiding. On average, the pressures measured by the two systems were not significantly different during filling and at maximum flow, but the values for a given patient were found to differ by up to 10 cmH2O.ConclusionsThis study shows that AFCs and WFCs cannot be assumed to register equal values of pressure. It has further shown that even when the pdet readings are compared with their value at the start of a test, a divergence of values of up to 10 cmH2O remains. If AFCs are used, care must be taken to compensate for any pdet variations that occur during patient movement. Before AFCs are adopted, new normal values for resting pressures need to be developed to allow good quality AFC pressure readings to be made. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:926–933, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Age‐related changes in bladder function with altered angiotensin II receptor mechanisms in rats
Authors: Mori Kenichi , Noguchi Mitsuru , Tobu Shohei , Sato Fuminori , Mimata Hiromitsu , Tyagi Pradeep , Chancellor Michael B. , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: August 2015

AimsTo examine alterations in expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R) which induce organ tissue remodeling, angiotensin II type 2 receptors (AT2R) which protect against it, and related molecules in the bladder of matured rats with bladder dysfunction.MethodsFemale SD rats of three different ages were used: 8 weeks old (8W; n = 5), 9 months old (9M; n = 5), and 15 months old (15M; n = 5). After cystometry, the expression levels of AT1R, connexin43 (Cx43), MAP kinase (MAPK), collagen1, AT2R, PPAR‐γ, adiponectin (Adipo), and adiponectin receptor (Adipo‐R) were investigated in the bladder.ResultsPressure threshold, post‐void residual volume and the number of non‐voiding contractions were significantly increased in 15M versus 8W rats (P < 0.01). Maximum voiding pressure was significantly decreased in 15M versus 8W rats (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in CMG parameters between 8W and 9M rats. In the bladder, the mRNA expression of AT1R, Cx43, MAPK, collagen 1, AT2R, PPAR‐γ, Adipo, and Adipo‐R were significantly higher in 15M than in 8W rats. The relative expression ratio of AT1R protein against AT2R protein in the mucosa and detrusor was significantly increased in 15M versus 8W rats.ConclusionsThese results indicate that matured rats exhibit not only bladder overactivity but also impaired voiding, which are associated with upregulation of AT1R. The upregulation of AT2R also may play a significant role in the suppressing of AT1R induced remodelling. However, because AT1R upregulation is more dominant than AT2R increases, AT2R activation may not be sufficient to suppress AT1R stimulation in matured rats. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:908–913, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nurses' actions in response to nursing assistants' observations of signs and symptoms of infections among nursing home residents
Authors: Allemann Hanna , Sund‐Levander Märta 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimsTo describe what nurses do during episodes of suspected infection in elderly nursing home residents and if these actions are linked to who is initiating an episode and whether the episode is considered an infection or not.DesignProspective descriptive study. Data were collected in 2008–2010.MethodsSummarized and categorized documentation by nursing assistants and nurses was used for summative content analysis.ResultsNurses' actions seem to be related to who initiated the episode and if the episodes are categorized as ‘non‐infection’, ‘possible infection’ or ‘infection’. Actions could be ‘observation’, ‘screenings’, ‘engaged in waiting’, ‘follow‐ups’, ‘nurse‐prescribed actions’, ‘diagnosing’, ‘contacting the physician’, ‘carrying out an action prescribed by the physician’, ‘contacting an ambulance or arranging an emergency visit to the hospital’ and ‘prescribing screening’. As NAs often initiate episodes of suspected infection by observing changed conditions, it seems important to include the NA in the decision‐making process as these observations could detect possible early signs and symptoms of infections.
Prospective study of DNA methylation at LINE‐1 and Alu in peripheral blood and the risk of prostate cancer
Authors: Barry Kathryn Hughes , Moore Lee E. , Liao Linda M. , Huang Wen‐Yi , Andreotti Gabriella , Poulin Matthew , Berndt Sonja I. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDEvidence suggests that global blood DNA methylation levels may be associated with the risk of various cancers, but no studies have evaluated this relationship for prostate cancer.METHODSWe used pyrosequencing to quantify DNA methylation levels at the long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE‐1) and Alu repetitive elements in pre‐diagnostic blood samples from 694 prostate cancer cases and 703 controls from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. We evaluated prostate cancer risk associated with the mean methylation level for each element using logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTSWe did not observe a significant association with prostate cancer for LINE‐1 [odds ratio (OR) for the highest compared to the lowest quartile = 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73–1.39, Ptrend = 0.99] or Alu (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.68–1.29, Ptrend = 0.69) methylation levels overall. However, for Alu, we observed that higher DNA methylation levels were associated with a significant increased risk for those diagnosed 4 or more years after blood draw (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.27–4.00, Ptrend = 4.4 × 10−3). In contrast, there was no association for those diagnosed 2 (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.67–1.90, Ptrend = 0.64) or 3 years after draw (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.71–2.07, Ptrend = 0.32), and a decreased risk for those diagnosed less than 2 years after draw (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.25–0.65, Ptrend = 3.8 × 10−5; Pheterogeneity = 5.3 × 10−6).CONCLUSIONSAlthough LINE‐1 DNA methylation levels were not associated with prostate cancer, we observed an association for Alu that varied by time from blood draw to diagnosis. Our study suggests that elevated Alu blood DNA methylation levels several years before diagnosis may be associated with an increased prostate cancer risk. Prostate 75:1718–1725, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Applying insecticides through drip irrigation to reduce wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) feeding damage in sweet potato
Authors: Arrington Amber E , Kennedy George G , Abney Mark R 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDA 2 year field study was conducted at multiple locations to determine whether insecticides or an entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, applied through drip irrigation in sweet potato reduced wireworm damage when compared with the non‐treated check and/or insecticides applied conventionally.RESULTSWireworm damage was low in 2012, and there were no differences in the proportion of roots damaged or the severity of damage between treatments. In 2013, a preplant‐incorporated (PPI) application of chlorpyrifos followed by either bifenthrin, imidacloprid, clothianidin, or oxamyl injected through drip irrigation significantly reduced the proportion of wireworm damage as well as the severity of wireworm damage when compared with the non‐treated check. The incidence and severity of wireworm damage in these treatments did not differ significantly from those in the conventional management practice. The PPI application of chlorpyrifos followed by either cyantraniliprole or S. carpocapsae injected through drip irrigation was not significantly different from the non‐treated check in the proportion of wireworm damage; however, both treatments reduced the severity of wireworm damage compared with the non‐treated check.CONCLUSIONApplying insecticides through drip irrigation provides an alternative to conventionally applied insecticides. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of imidacloprid and clothianidin seed treatments on wheat aphids and their natural enemies on winter wheat
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Xuefeng , Zhao Yunhe , Wei Yan , Mu Wei , Liu Feng 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDWheat aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the major pests of winter wheat and has posed a significant threat to winter wheat production in China. Although neonicotinoid insecticidal seed treatments have been suggested to be a control method, the season‐long efficacy on pests and the impact on their natural enemies are still uncertain. Experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of imidacloprid and clothianidin on the control of aphids, the number of their natural enemies and the emergence rate and yield of wheat during 2011–2014.RESULTSImidacloprid and clothianidin seed treatments had no effect on the emergence rate of winter wheat and could prevent yield losses and wheat aphid infestations throughout the winter wheat growing season. Furthermore, their active ingredients were detected in winter wheat leaves up to 200 days after sowing. Imidacloprid and clothianidin seed treatments had no adverse effects on ladybirds, hoverflies or parasitoids, and instead increased the spider–aphid ratios.CONCLUSIONWheat seeds treated with imidacloprid and clothianidin were effective against wheat aphids throughout the winter wheat growing season and reduced the yield loss under field conditions. Imidacloprid and clothianidin seed treatments may be an important component of the integrated management of wheat aphids on winter wheat. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Entwicklung eines Ionisationsmanometers mit Feldemitterkathode
Authors: Lotz Marcel , Wilfert Stefan , Kester Oliver 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDie Messung von UHV‐ oder gar XHV‐Drücken in Tieftemperatur‐Vakuumsystemen stellt seit jeher ein messtechnisches Problem dar. Prinzipiell lassen sich zwar konventionelle Ionisationsmanometer vom Glühkathodentyp in kryogenen Vakuumumgebungen einsetzen, allerdings handelt man sich infolge ihrer hohen Wärmeentwicklung zahlreiche Nachteile ein. Mit der Entwicklung eines Ionisationsmanometers vom Extraktortyp, bei dem die Wärme entwickelnde Glühkathode durch eine auf Feldemission basierende Elektronenquelle substituiert wurde, wird im vorliegenden Artikel ein vielversprechender Lösungsansatz zur Realisierung eines verlässlichen Druckmessgerätes für kryogene Vakuumanwendungen präsentiert. Die mit einer CNT‐Kathode ausgestattete Mess‐röhre wurde sowohl experimentell als auch mittels numerischer Simulationsverfahren auf ihre Betriebseigenschaften hin untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die modifizierte Extraktormessröhre unter Tieftemperaturbedingungen problemlos arbeitet und sinnvolle Druckmesswerte liefert.
Functional Advantages of Proximal Gastrectomy with Jejunal Interposition Over Total Gastrectomy with Roux‐en‐Y Esophagojejunostomy for Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ohashi Masaki , Morita Shinji , Fukagawa Takeo , Oda Ichiro , Kushima Ryoji , Katai Hitoshi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe postoperative functional advantages of a proximal gastrectomy over a total gastrectomy remain debatable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional outcomes of a proximal gastrectomy with jejunal interposition (PG‐JI), compared with those for a total gastrectomy with Roux‐en‐Y esophagojejunostomy (TG‐RY), in patients with early gastric cancer.MethodsBetween 2007 and 2012, 65 patients underwent PG‐JI and 117 underwent TG‐RY for cT1 gastric cancer. Various parameters, including body weight, serum hemoglobin level, and interview‐based symptoms, were prospectively evaluated in these patients. In patients who underwent PG‐JI, the postoperative endoscopic findings were also assessed.ResultsAll the surgeries were performed via a laparotomy alone. During a median postoperative follow‐up of 42 months (range, 12–78 months), PG‐JI offered significant reductions in body weight loss (12.5 ± 5.8 vs. 17.4 ± 6.4 %, P < 0.001), serum hemoglobin decline (7.0 ± 5.7 vs. 9.7 ± 5.4 %, P = 0.002), and dumping symptoms (11 % [7/65] vs. 30 % [35/117], P = 0.003), while being associated with similar incidences of anastomotic stricture (9 % [6/65] vs. 8 % [9/117], P = 0.781), small bowel obstruction (0 % [0/65] vs. 2 % [2/117], P = 0.538), stasis symptoms (51 % [33/65] vs. 44 % [51/117], P = 0.358), and reflux symptoms (34 % [22/65] vs. 23 % [27/117], P = 0.121), compared with TG‐RY. Four cases of gastric remnant cancer and no cases of endoscopic reflux esophagitis were found after PG‐JI.ConclusionsPG‐JI has clear functional advantages over TG‐RY, although it requires active surveillance for remnant gastric cancer.
Efficient aspartic acid production by a psychrophile-based simple biocatalyst
Authors: Tajima Takahisa , Hamada Mai , Nakashimada Yutaka , Kato Junichi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We previously constructed a Psychrophile-based Simple bioCatalyst (PSCat) reaction system, in which psychrophilic metabolic enzymes are inactivated by heat treatment, and used it here to study the conversion of aspartic acid from fumaric acid mediated by the activity of aspartate ammonia-lyase (aspartase). In Escherichia coli, the biosynthesis of aspartic acid competes with that of L-malic acid produced from fumaric acid by fumarase. In this study, E. coli aspartase was expressed in psychrophilic Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10 heat treated at 50 °C for 15 min. The resultant PSCat could convert fumaric acid to aspartic acid without the formation of L-malic acid because of heat inactivation of psychrophilic fumarase activity. Furthermore, alginate-immobilized PSCat produced high yields of aspartic acid and could be re-used nine times. The results of our study suggest that PSCat can be applied in biotechnological production as a new approach to increase the yield of target compounds.
Spatial pattern of hydrolittoral rock encrusting assemblages along the salinity gradient of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Grabowska Monika , Kukliński Piotr 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This study compared the diversity parameters and structures of encrusting assemblages in two habitats situated at two levels of shallow rocky shore: hydrolittoral and littoral along the Baltic Sea system. We investigated the variability and level of distinctiveness of the hydrolittoral encrusting fauna based on species biodiversity and distribution, and compared these features with those of communities inhabiting the adjacent shallow littoral zone (3-m depth). Structural similarities and differences between the encrusting assemblages from adjacent hydrolittoral and littoral zones were studied within 14 locations distributed along the northern coastline of the Baltic Sea. Multivariate analysis indicates that salinity had the greatest influence on the structure of the investigated assemblages. Most of the observed hydrolittoral assemblages contained the same species as the littoral zone. This result indicated a shared common species pool with similar large-scale patterns of species distributions with some variability in the dominating species between zones. The similarity between species composition of the hydrolittoral and littoral assemblages decreased with increase of salinity. Additionally, with higher species richness and the occurrence of marine specialists adapted to hydrolittoral conditions, the role of the rock size in the frequency of species occurrence and assemblage diversity was less significant.