bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educating Emergency Medicine Residents in Emergency Department Administration and Operations: Needs and Current Practice
Authors: Watase Taketo , Yarris Lalena M. , Fu Rongwei , Handel Daniel A. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Emergency medicine (EM) residents are expected to develop competence in emergency department (ED) administration and operations.

Objectives
We assessed current needs and educational practices related to preparing EM residents for their role in ED operations, and explored whether there was an association between program characteristics and the presence of ED operations education in US EM residency programs.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional needs assessment, using a web-based survey sent to all US EM residency programs to assess program characteristics, provision of ED operations-related lectures, availability of an ED administrative fellowship, and presence of a formal ED operations curriculum. Logistic regression was used to determine if any program characteristics were associated with the presence of lectures and a formal operations curriculum.

Results
Of the 158 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited EM programs, 117 (74%) responded. Of these, 109 (93%) respondents had at least 1 lecture on ED operational topics. Sixty programs (54%) measured resident productivity. Knowledge of Centers for Medicaid & Medicare Services reimbursement guidelines was significantly positively associated with presence of an ED operations curriculum (OR, 3.52, P  =  .009) and with lectures on patient satisfaction (OR, 3.99, P  =  .006). Measuring resident productivity was positively associated with having lectures on productivity (OR, 2.50, P  =  .02) and with ED throughput (OR, 2.32, P  =  .03). No 2 variables were simultaneously significant in the model.

Conclusions
Most EM programs had at least 1 lecture on ED operations topics. Roughly half of the programs measured resident productivity and half had a formal ED operations curriculum.
Tailoring Morning Reports to an Internal Medicine Residency in Qatar
Authors: Dousa Khalid Mohamed Ali , Muneer Mohammed , Rahil Ali , Al-Mohammed Ahmed , AlMohanadi Dabia , Elhiday Abdelhaleem , Hamad Abdelrahman , Albizreh Bassim , Suliman Noor , Muhsin Saif 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Morning report, a case-based conference that allows learners and teachers to interact and discuss patient care, is a standard educational feature of internal residency programs, as well as some other specialties.

Objective
Our intervention was aimed at enhancing the format for morning report in our internal medicine residency program in Doha, Qatar.

Intervention
In July 2011, we performed a needs assessment of the 115 residents in our internal medicine residency program, using a questionnaire. Resident input was analyzed and prioritized using the percentage of residents who agreed with a given recommendation for improving morning report. We translated the input into interventions that enhanced the format and content, and improved environmental factors surrounding morning report. We resurveyed residents using the questionnaire that was used for the needs assessment.

Results
Key changes to the format for morning report included improving organization, adding variety to the content, enhancing case selection and the quality of presentations, and introducing patient safety and quality improvement topics into discussions. This led to a morning report format that is resident-driven, and resident-led, and that produces resident-focused learning and quality improvement activities.

Conclusions
Our revised morning report format is a dynamic tool, and we will continue to tailor and modify it on an ongoing basis in response to participant feedback. We recommend a process of assessing and reassessing morning report for other programs that want to enhance resident interest and participation in clinical and safety-focused discussions.
La politique internationale du Québec envers les États-Unis
Authors: Paquin Stéphane 
Published: September 2014

L’objectif de cet article est de proposer une périodisation de la politique internationale du Québec envers les États-Unis à partir d’une grille d’analyse tirée des travaux de Peter Hall. Cette grille porte sur deux niveaux d’analyse : le premier niveau s’intéresse aux instruments des politiques publiques, alors que le second porte sur le paradigme de l’action publique. À partir de ces deux grands critères, nous proposons une périodisation en cinq périodes. La première période (1867-1960) est caractérisée par l’absence de paradigmes structurés et la quasi-absence d’instruments, à l’exception d’un bureau commercial et touristique à New York. La deuxième période (1960-1976) témoigne d’une volonté de développer la présence québécoise aux États-Unis par la création de nombreux instruments au moment où le paradigme de l’action publique se construit progressivement. La troisième période (1976 à 1980) est caractérisée par une prise de conscience par les souverainistes québécois de l’importance des États-Unis. Cette période se caractérise par un changement de paradigme notable. La quatrième période (1980-2001) est marquée par le virage libre-échangiste. Durant la dernière période (de 2000 à nos jours), on prend la mesure de nouveaux enjeux qui élargissent le paradigme de l’action publique, comme les questions de sécurité après les attentats du 11 septembre 2001, mais aussi les questions énergétiques et environnementales.
Two contrasting views of multidecadal climate variability in the twentieth century
Authors: Kravtsov Sergey , Wyatt Marcia G. , Curry Judith A. , Tsonis Anastasios A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe bulk of our knowledge about causes of twentieth century climate change comes from simulations using numerical models. In particular, these models seemingly reproduce the observed nonuniform global warming, with periods of faster warming in 1910–1940 and 1970–2000, and a pause in between. However, closer inspection reveals some differences between the observations and model simulations. Here we show that observed multidecadal variations of surface climate exhibited a coherent global‐scale signal characterized by a pair of patterns, one of which evolved in sync with multidecadal swings of the global temperature, and the other in quadrature with them. In contrast, model simulations are dominated by the stationary—single pattern—forced signal somewhat reminiscent of the observed “in‐sync” pattern most pronounced in the Pacific. While simulating well the amplitude of the largest‐scale—Pacific and hemispheric—multidecadal variability in surface temperature, the model underestimates variability in the North Atlantic and atmospheric indices.
Insight into the Mechanism and Stereochemistry of the Transformations of Alkyltitanium Ate‐Complexes. An Enhanced Enantioselectivity in the Cyclopropanation of the Carboxylic Esters with Titanacyclopropane Reagents
Authors: Kulinkovich Oleg G. , Kananovich Dzmitry G. , Lopp Margus , Snieckus Victor 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe dependence of the stereoselectivity of the cyclopropanation reaction of γ,γ‐diphenyl‐γ‐butyrolactone and carboxylic esters with alkylmagnesium bromides in the presence of titanium(IV) TADDOLates on the structure of the reactants has been examined in detail. It has been found that the enantioselectivity in the formation of cis‐1,2‐disubstituted cyclopropanols is a function of the structure of the carboxylic ester alkoxy group and leads, in the case of cyclopropanation of hexafluoroisopropyl alkanoates, to 84% ee. To rationalize these observations, as well as the NMR data on the structures of the TADDOL‐derived alkyltitanium species, a new mechanistic model for the formation of the five‐coordinated chiral titanacyclopropane reactive intermediates and their subsequent reorganization in the reactions with esters is proposed. The essential features of this model consist in the generation of configurationally stable TADDOL derived titanacyclopropane species with an apical or equatorial position of the stereogenic carbanion center which is followed by retention or inversion of absolute configuration in course of the displacement of the carboxylic ester alkoxy group.magnified image
Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Thiazole‐Carbaldehydes: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Tubuvalin Analogues
Authors: Paladhi Sushovan , Das Joydeb , Samanta Mousumi , Dash Jyotirmayee 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe first organocatalytic enantioselective approach to precursors of tubuvaline (pre‐Tuv) is presented employing a prolinamide‐catalyzed aldol reaction of easily accessible thiazole‐carbaldehyde with methyl isopropyl ketone “on water” in excellent yield as well as regio‐ and enantioselectivities. The analogues of pre‐Tuv were achieved using an L‐proline‐catalyzed direct asymmetric aldol reaction of substituted thiazole‐carbaldehydes with acetone. A direct and flexible approach to the tubavaline (Tuv) core of tubusylins has been established employing the reductive amination of the pre‐Tuv species. The key aldol reaction should greatly expand the potential of this strategy to the synthesis of natural product tubulysins and a range of analogues.magnified image
Total Syntheses of Dendrodolides A, B, and E
Authors: Mohapatra Debendra K. , Pulluri Karthik , Bhimireddy Eswar , Reddy D. Prabhakar , Yadav Jhillu S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractConvergent total syntheses of dendrodolides A, B, and E comprising 12‐membered macrolactones are described. The syntheses of dendrodolides A and B were accomplished in 11 linear steps with 24 % and 25 % overall yield, respectively, starting from commercially available homoallyl alcohol 19 and enantiomerically pure epoxide 20. Dendrodolide E was subsequently obtained from dendrodolides A or B in 81 % yield by treatment with BCl3. Key steps were Maruoka asymmetric allylation, Corey‐Chaykovsky reaction, Yamaguchi esterification, and ring‐closing metathesis.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Syntheses of Pyridine‐Containing Thioethers Through Two‐Fold CS Bond Formation
Authors: Badsara Satpal Singh , Chan Chien‐Ching , Lee Chin‐Fa 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free, two‐fold CS bond cross‐coupling reaction of dihalopyridines with different thiols is described, which provides the resulting dithioethers in good to excellent yields.
A Basic Germanodecatungstate with a −7 Charge: Efficient Chemoselective Acylation of Primary Alcohols
Authors: Sugahara Kosei , Satake Naoto , Kamata Keigo , Nakajima Takahito , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of highly negatively charged polyoxometalates with electrically and structurally controlled uniform basic sites can lead to the unique base catalysis. In this work, a γ‐Keggin germanodecatungstate, [γ‐HGeW10O36]7− (A), having a −7 charge was, for the first time, successfully synthesized by the reaction of [γ‐H2GeW10O36]6− with one equivalent of [(n‐C4H9)4N]OH under non‐aqueous conditions. The activities of germanodecatungstates for base‐catalyzed reactions dramatically increased with increase in the number negative charges from −6 to −7. In the presence of A, various combinations of acylating agents and primary alcohols including those with acid‐sensitive functional groups chemoselectively gave the desired acylated products in high yields even under the stoichiometric conditions.
Stable Small Quantum Dots for Synaptic Receptor Tracking on Live Neurons
Authors: Cai En , Ge Pinghua , Lee Sang Hak , Jeyifous Okunola , Wang Yong , Liu Yanxin , Wilson Katie M. , Lim Sung Jun , Baird Michelle A. , Stone John E. , Lee Kwan Young , Davidson Michael W. , Chung Hee Jung , Schulten Klaus , Smith Andrew M. , Green William N. , Selvin Paul R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe developed a coating method to produce functionalized small quantum dots (sQDs), about 9 nm in diameter, that were stable for over a month. We made sQDs in four emission wavelengths, from 527 to 655 nm and with different functional groups. AMPA receptors on live neurons were labeled with sQDs and postsynaptic density proteins were visualized with super‐resolution microscopy. Their diffusion behavior indicates that sQDs access the synaptic clefts significantly more often than commercial QDs.
A Hexameric Peptide Barrel as Building Block of Amyloid‐β Protofibrils
Authors: Lendel Christofer , Bjerring Morten , Dubnovitsky Anatoly , Kelly Robert T. , Filippov Andrei , Antzutkin Oleg N. , Nielsen Niels Chr. , Härd Torleif 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOligomeric and protofibrillar aggregates formed by the amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) are believed to be involved in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. Central to Alzheimer pathology is also the fact that the longer Aβ42 peptide is more prone to aggregation than the more prevalent Aβ40. Detailed structural studies of Aβ oligomers and protofibrils have been impeded by aggregate heterogeneity and instability. We previously engineered a variant of Aβ that forms stable protofibrils and here we use solid‐state NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling to derive a structural model of these. NMR data are consistent with packing of residues 16 to 42 of Aβ protomers into hexameric barrel‐like oligomers within the protofibril. The core of the oligomers consists of all residues of the central and C‐terminal hydrophobic regions of Aβ, and hairpin loops extend from the core. The model accounts for why Aβ42 forms oligomers and protofibrils more easily than Aβ40.
Eine niedermolekulare Verbindung inhibiert die Proteindisulfidisomerase und sensibilisiert Krebszellen für die Chemotherapie
Authors: Eirich Jürgen , Braig Simone , Schyschka Liliana , Servatius Phil , Hoffmann Judith , Hecht Sabrina , Fulda Simone , Zahler Stefan , Antes Iris , Kazmaier Uli , Sieber Stephan A. , Vollmar Angelika M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDie Entwicklung von Resistenzen gegen Chemotherapeutika stellt eine der größten Herausforderungen der Krebsforschung dar. Eine Möglichkeit dieses Problem zu umgehen ist, Chemotherapeutika zusammen mit Verbindungen zu verabreichen, die Zellen gegen die Medikamente sensibilisieren und Apoptose induzieren. Wir beschreiben die Entdeckung einer neuen Substanzklasse (T8), die verschiedene Krebszellen gegen subtoxische Konzentrationen von Etoposid sensibilisiert. Durch Proteomanalysen konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Proteindisulfidisomerase (PDI) das alleinige Ziel der T8‐Verbindungen ist. Detaillierte biologische und chemische Studien wie die Optimierung der Molekülstrukturen, Docking‐Analysen, Fluoreszenzmikroskopie und Apoptoseuntersuchungen belegen den Wirkmechanismus der reversiblen Inhibition der PDI und zeigen eine erhöhte Stressantwort im endoplasmatischen Retikulum durch T8.
Dynamic Mirror‐Symmetry Breaking in Bicontinuous Cubic Phases
Authors: Dressel Christian , Liu Feng , Prehm Marko , Zeng Xiangbing , Ungar Goran , Tschierske Carsten 
Published: September 2014

AbstractChiral segregation of enantiomers or chiral conformers of achiral molecules during self‐assembly in well‐ordered crystalline superstructures has fascinated chemists since Pasteur. Here we report spontaneous mirror‐symmetry breaking in cubic phases formed by achiral multichain‐terminated diphenyl‐2,2′‐bithiophenes. It was found that stochastic symmetry breaking is a general phenomenon observed in bicontinuous cubic liquid crystal phases of achiral rod‐like compounds. In all compounds studied the ${{\it Im}\bar 3m}$ cubic phase is always chiral, while the ${Ia\bar 3d}$ phase is achiral. These intriguing observations are explained by propagation of homochiral helical twist across the entire networks through helix matching at network junctions. In the ${Ia\bar 3d}$ phase the opposing chiralities of the two networks cancel, but not so in the three‐networks ${{\it Im}\bar 3m}$ phase. The high twist in the ${{\it Im}\bar 3m}$ phase explains its previously unrecognized chirality, as well as the origin of this complex structure and the transitions between the different cubic phases.
Enhancing Fullerene‐Based Solar Cell Lifetimes by Addition of a Fullerene Dumbbell
Authors: Schroeder Bob C. , Li Zhe , Brady Michael A. , Faria Gregório Couto , Ashraf Raja Shahid , Takacs Christopher J. , Cowart John S. , Duong Duc T. , Chiu Kar Ho , Tan Ching‐Hong , Cabral João T. , Salleo Alberto , Chabinyc Michael L. , Durrant James R. , McCulloch Iain 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCost‐effective, solution‐processable organic photovoltaics (OPV) present an interesting alternative to inorganic silicon‐based solar cells. However, one of the major remaining challenges of OPV devices is their lack of long‐term operational stability, especially at elevated temperatures. The synthesis of a fullerene dumbbell and its use as an additive in the active layer of a PCDTBT:PCBM‐based OPV device is reported. The addition of only 20 % of this novel fullerene not only leads to improved device efficiencies, but more importantly also to a dramatic increase in morphological stability under simulated operating conditions. Dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (DSIMS) and TEM are used, amongst other techniques, to elucidate the origins of the improved morphological stability.
Unprecedented Chain‐Length‐Dependent Conformational Conversion Between 11/9 and 18/16 Helix in α/β‐Hybrid Peptides
Authors: Legrand Baptiste , André Christophe , Moulat Laure , Wenger Emmanuel , Didierjean Claude , Aubert Emmanuel , Averlant‐Petit Marie Christine , Martinez Jean , Calmes Monique , Amblard Muriel 
Published: September 2014

Abstractα,β‐Hybrid oligomers of varying lengths with alternating proteogenic α‐amino acid and the rigid β2,3,3‐trisubstituted bicyclic amino acid ABOC residues were studied using both X‐ray crystal and NMR solution structures. While only an 11/9 helix was obtained in the solid state regardless of the length of the oligomers, conformational polymorphism as a chain‐length‐dependent phenomenon was observed in solution. Consistent with DFT calculations, we established that short oligomers adopted an 11/9 helix, whereas an 18/16 helix was favored for longer oligomers in solution. A rapid interconversion between the 11/9 helix and the 18/16 helix occurred for oligomers of intermediate length.
Chirality in Ordered Porous Organosilica Hybrid Materials
Authors: MacLean Michael W. A. , Reid Lacey M. , Wu Xiaowei , Crudden Cathleen M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe ever‐growing demand for chiral small molecules on a global scale has set a precedent for the proliferation of cost‐effective and reliable methods for their synthesis and separation. Of these methods, those based on heterogeneous platforms present an unparalleled opportunity as they allow for the source of the chirality to be recycled. Chiral hybrid organosilica materials are one particularly interesting class of chiral heterogeneous platforms that creates a synergy between well‐understood individual chiral molecules and the structural stability and inertness of the inorganic silicon scaffolds. This Focus Review summarizes the recent advances towards the incorporation of chirality into organosilica scaffolds, the synthesis of the chiral building blocks, and their promising applications towards facilitating asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis as well as chiral chromatography.
Robust Sliding Mode Observer based Fault Estimation for Certain Class of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Zhang Jian , Swain Akshya Kumar , Nguang Sing Kiong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper proposes a new scheme for estimating the actuator and sensor fault for Lipschitz nonlinear systems with unstructured uncertainties using the sliding mode observer (SMO) technique. Initially, a coordinate transformation is introduced to transform the original state vector into two parts such that the actuator faults only appear in the dynamics of the second state vector. The concept of equivalent output error injection is then employed to estimate the actuator fault. The effects of system uncertainties on the estimation errors of states and faults are minimized by integrating an
uncertainty attenuation level into the observer. The sufficient conditions for the state estimation error to be bounded and satisfy a prescribed
performance are derived and expressed as a linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization problem. Furthermore, the proposed actuator fault estimation method is extended to sensor fault estimation. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in estimating actuator and sensor faults has been illustrated considering an example of a single‐link flexible joint robot system.
Efficient in vitro gene therapy with PEG siRNA lipid nanocapsules for passive targeting strategy in melanoma
Authors: Resnier Pauline , LeQuinio Pierre , Lautram Nolwenn , André Emilie , Gaillard Cédric , Bastiat Guillaume , Benoit Jean‐Pierre , Passirani Catherine 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSmall interfering RNA (siRNA)‐mediated gene therapy is a promising strategy to temporarily inhibit the expression of proteins implicated in carcinogenesis or chemotherapy resistance. Although intra‐tumoral administration can be envisaged, studies currently focus on formulating nanomedicines for intravenous injection to target tumor sites as well as metastases. The development of synthetic nanoparticles and liposomes has advanced greatly during the last decade. The objective of this work consists in formulating and optimizing the encapsulation of siRNA into lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) for efficient gene therapy to target melanoma cells. SiRNA LNCs were prepared from DOTAP/DOPE lipoplexes, and the siRNA amount and lipid/siRNA charge ratio were assayed to improve the stability and the encapsulation yield. Cryo‐TEM imaging of the siRNA lipoplexes and LNC morphology revealed specific organization of the siRNA DOTAP/DOPE lipoplexes as well as specific lipid microstructures that can be eliminated by purification. No cytotoxicity of the siRNA LNCs against the melanoma SK‐Mel28 cell line was observed at concentrations of up to 500 ng/mL siRNA. In vitro siRNA transfection experiments, compared to Oligofectamine™, demonstrated interesting targeted gene silencing effects. Finally, complement activation assays confirmed the feasibility of the PEGylation of siRNA LNCs as part of a passive targeting strategy for future in vivo melanoma‐ and metastasis‐targeting experiments.
Stacking interactions in RNA and DNA: Roll‐slide energy hyperspace for ten unique dinucleotide steps
Authors: Mukherjee Sanchita , Kailasam Senthilkumar , Bansal Manju , Bhattacharyya Dhananjay 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTUnderstanding dinucleotide sequence directed structures of nuleic acids and their variability from experimental observation remained ineffective due to unavailability of statistically meaningful data. We have attempted to understand this from energy scan along twist, roll, and slide degrees of freedom which are mostly dependent on dinucleotide sequence using ab initio density functional theory. We have carried out stacking energy analysis in these dinucleotide parameter phase space for all ten unique dinucleotide steps in DNA and RNA using DFT‐D by ωB97X‐D/6‐31G(2d,2p), which appears to satisfactorily explain conformational preferences for AU/AU step in our recent study. We show that values of roll, slide, and twist of most of the dinucleotide sequences in crystal structures fall in the low energy region. The minimum energy regions with large twist values are associated with the roll and slide values of B‐DNA, whereas, smaller twist values correspond to higher stability to RNA and A‐DNA like conformations. Incorporation of solvent effect by CPCM method could explain the preference shown by some sequences to occur in B‐DNA or A‐DNA conformations. Conformational preference of BII sub‐state in B‐DNA is preferentially displayed mainly by pyrimidine–purine steps and partly by purine–purine steps. The purine–pyrimidine steps show largest effect of 5‐methyl group of thymine in stacking energy and the introduction of solvent reduces this effect significantly. These predicted structures and variabilities can explain the effect of sequence on DNA and RNA functionality. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 134–147, 2015.