bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified hemiarthroplasty for four‐part fractures of the proximal humerus
Authors: Wu Xing , Li Shao‐Hua , Cai Zheng‐Dong , Lou Lie‐Ming 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundHemiarthroplasty is used to treat patients with Neer four‐part fractures but the post‐operative complication rate remains high, particularly with regard to shoulder joint instability. This study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of a modified rotator cuff reconstruction and balance technique by comparing it with conventional rotator cuff restoration surgery for Neer four‐part fractures.MethodsThis retrospective therapeutic study included 67 patients with Neer four‐part fractures. Forty‐five patients underwent the modified surgery and 22 control patients underwent conventional surgery. All patients were followed up for more than 3 years. Outcome was assessed by grading clinical outcome and pain and strength, measuring range of motion, and radiographic analysis.ResultsThe Neer score was higher in the modified surgery group (84 versus 75; P = 0.009). The rate of satisfaction (Neer score ≥80) in the modified surgery group was higher than in the conventional surgery group (71.11% versus 40.91%; P = 0.017). Range of motion for active abduction, external rotation, internal rotation and active forward elevation was greater in the modified surgery group (all P < 0.01). The morbidity rate of post‐operative instability of the shoulder joint in the modified surgery group was much lower than that in the conventional surgery group (2.22% versus 18.2%; P < 0.01).ConclusionThe modified hemiarthroplasty procedure for treatment of Neer four‐part fractures prevents post‐operative instability of the shoulder joint and improves function of the shoulder more effectively than the conventional hemiarthroplasty procedure.
Manifold Destiny: Migrant Deaths and Destinations in the Arizona Desert
Authors: Lawrence Stephanie , Wildgen John 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis research theorizes a model for unauthorized border crosser (UBC) behavior when crossing the Mexico/U.S. border into Arizona. The manifold model developed here is a modified funneling effect of multiple trails converging together at nodes that separate into multiple exit points. Using hydrological metaphors, we quantify deathsheds into trails by using the remains of UBCs as trail markers and then compare the trails produced from three geostatistical research methods. The results may be used in designing search‐and‐rescue locations.
Clinical outcome in 20 cases of lingual hemangiosarcoma in dogs: 1996–2011
Authors: Burton J. H. , Powers B. E. , Biller B. J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWith the exception of solar‐induced dermal hemangiosarcoma (HSA), the biologic behaviour of canineHSAis characterised by rapid tumour growth, a high metastatic rate and short survival times. Outcome of dogs withHSAof the tongue has not been previously reported. The purpose of this study was to assess outcome and prognostic factors in dogs with lingualHSA. Clinical data was collected retrospectively and histopathology was reviewed for 20 dogs. Median progression free survival was 524 days and the median overall survival time was 553 days. All dogs had low or intermediate grade tumours; most tumours were small and located on the ventral surface of the tongue. Prognostic factors significantly associated with increased survival included small tumour size and absence of clinical signs of an oral mass at the time of diagnosis. Dogs withHSAconfined to the tongue may have a better prognosis compared withHSAin other organs.
Platelet recovery rate during plasma exchange predicts early and late responses in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (CME)
Authors: Liu Chang , Kallogjeri Dorina , Dynis Marian , Grossman Brenda J. 
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is the first‐line therapy for patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). However, therapeutic response to TPE and late prognosis vary among different patients, and predictors of these outcomes may help customize treatments to individual patients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We retrospectively examined the platelet (PLT) recovery rate (PRR) in 64 consecutive patients with initial episode of TTP who received TPE in our institution between 2003 and 2010. PRRs were calculated by linear regression of the PLT counts at the start and during the first few days of TPE treatment. Its relationship with remission in response to TPE, exacerbation and relapse, and survival was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.RESULTS: With multivariate analysis, which included ADAMTS13 activities, patients with a PRR by Day 3 (PRR3) of 5 × 109/L per 24 hours or above were 18 times more likely to achieve remission in response to TPE than those with a lower PRR3 (p < 0.001). In addition, short‐term exacerbations and relapses beyond 1 month of remission occurred almost exclusively in patients with a PRR3 of 5 × 109/L per 24 hours or above. Survival was significantly better in these patients than in patients with PRR3 below the cutoff (p < 0.001), and the hazard ratio adjusted for ADAMTS13 and age was 23.2 (p < 0.005).CONCLUSION: PRR3 with a cutoff of 5 × 109/L per 24 hours provides a practical approach to risk stratify TTP patients receiving TPE early in their treatment and may guide the decision making both at initial encounters and during the long‐term follow‐up.
Two pathogen reduction technologies—methylene blue plus light and shortwave ultraviolet light—effectively inactivate hepatitis C virus in blood products
Authors: Steinmann Eike , Gravemann Ute , Friesland Martina , Doerrbecker Juliane , Müller Thomas H. , Pietschmann Thomas , Seltsam Axel 
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND: Contamination of blood products with hepatitis C virus (HCV) can cause infections resulting in acute and chronic liver diseases. Pathogen reduction methods such as photodynamic treatment with methylene blue (MB) plus visible light as well as irradiation with shortwave ultraviolet (UVC) light were developed to inactivate viruses and other pathogens in plasma and platelet concentrates (PCs), respectively. So far, their inactivation capacities for HCV have only been tested in inactivation studies using model viruses for HCV. Recently, a HCV infection system for the propagation of infectious HCV in cell culture was developed.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Inactivation studies were performed with cell culture–derived HCV and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a model for HCV. Plasma units or PCs were spiked with high titers of cell culture–grown viruses. After treatment of the blood units with MB plus light (Theraflex MB‐Plasma system, MacoPharma) or UVC (Theraflex UV‐Platelets system, MacoPharma), residual viral infectivity was assessed using sensitive cell culture systems.RESULTS: HCV was sensitive to inactivation by both pathogen reduction procedures. HCV in plasma was efficiently inactivated by MB plus light below the detection limit already by 1/12 of the full light dose. HCV in PCs was inactivated by UVC irradiation with a reduction factor of more than 5 log. BVDV was less sensitive to the two pathogen reduction methods.CONCLUSIONS: Functional assays with human HCV offer an efficient tool to directly assess the inactivation capacity of pathogen reduction procedures. Pathogen reduction technologies such as MB plus light treatment and UVC irradiation have the potential to significantly reduce transfusion‐transmitted HCV infections.
Embodied Meanings of Early Childbearing Among American Indian Women: A Turning Point
Authors: Palacios Janelle , Chesla Catherine , Kennedy Holly , Strickland June 
Published: August 2012

Introduction: American Indian women often have poor perinatal outcomes and are at risk for early childbearing. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the experience and meaning of early childbearing among American Indian women.Methods: Employing interpretive phenomenology and a semistructured interview guide, we interviewed 30 adult American Indian women residing in a northwestern American Indian reservation about their experiences and meaning of early childbearing.Results: Three overarching themes were tied to their eventual positive evaluation of the experience: 1) mourning a lost childhood, 2) seeking fulfillment, and 3) embodying responsibility.Discussion: Women indicated that despite their tumultuous childhoods, early childbearing presented an opportunity to effect positive change in their lives. Women's health care providers are positioned to help women change their lives, thereby, improving health outcomes.
A clinically relevant validation method for implant placement after virtual planning
Authors: Verhamme Luc M. , Meijer Gert J. , Boumans Tiny , Schutyser Filip , Bergé Stefaan J. , Maal Thomas J. J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurposeTo design a relevant method to compare the virtual planned implant position to the ultimately achieved implant position and to evaluate, in case of discrepancy, the cause for this.Materials and MethodsFive consecutive edentulous patients with retention problems of the upper denture received four implants in the maxilla. Preoperatively, first a cone‐beam CT (CBCT) scan was acquired, followed by virtual implant planning. Then, a surgical template was designed and endosseous implants were flapless installed using the template as a guide. To inventory any differences in position, the postoperative CBCT scan was matched to the preoperative scan. The accuracy of implant placement was validated three‐dimensionally (3D) and the Implant Position Orthogonal Projection (IPOP) validation method was applied to project the results to a bucco‐lingual and mesio‐distal plane. Subsequently, errors introduced by virtual planning, surgical instruments, and validation process were evaluated.ResultsThe bucco‐lingual deviations were less obvious than mesio‐distal deviations. A maximum linear tip deviation of 2.84 mm, shoulder deviation of 2.42 mm, and angular deviation of 3.41° were calculated in mesio‐distal direction. Deviations included errors in planning software (maximum 0.15 mm), for surgical procedure (maximum 2.94°), and validation process (maximum 0.10 mm).ConclusionsThis study provides the IPOP validation method as an accurate method to evaluate implant positions and to elucidate inaccuracies in virtual implant planning systems.
Maternal obesity and breastfeeding intention, initiation, intensity and duration: a systematic review
Authors: Turcksin Rivka , Bel Sarah , Galjaard Sander , Devlieger Roland 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis systematic review investigates the relationship between maternal obesity and breastfeeding intention, initiation, intensity, duration and milk supply. A comprehensive search was performed through three major databases, including Medline, Cochrane Library and Cumulative Index For Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and by screening reference lists of the relevant publications. Selection criteria were: report of original research, studies on low‐risk obese mothers and the comparison with normal weight mothers which met at least two of the following primary outcomes: breastfeeding intention; initiation; intensity; duration and/or milk supply. Furthermore, the included reports had to contain a clear definition of pre‐pregnant obesity, use compensation mechanisms for potential confounding factors, have a prospective cohort design and had to have been published between 1997 and 2011 and in English, French or Dutch. Effects of obesity on breastfeeding intention, initiation, intensity, duration and milk supply were analysed, tabulated and summarised in this review. Studies have found that obese women are less likely to intend to breastfeed and that maternal obesity seems to be associated with a decreased initiation of breastfeeding, a shortened duration of breastfeeding, a less adequate milk supply and delayed onset of lactogenesis II, compared with their normal weight counterparts. This systematic review indicates therefore that maternal obesity is an adverse determinant for breastfeeding success.
Maternal HIV is associated with reduced growth in the first year of life among infants in the Eastern region of Ghana: the Research to Improve Infant Nutrition and Growth (RIING) Project
Authors: Lartey Anna , Marquis Grace S. , Mazur Robert , Perez‐Escamilla Rafael , Brakohiapa Lucy , Ampofo William , Sellen Daniel , Adu‐Afarwuah Seth 
Published: August 2012

AbstractChildren of HIV‐infected mothers experience poor growth, but not much is understood about the extent to which such children are affected. The Research to Improve Infant Nutrition and Growth (RIING) Project used a longitudinal study design to investigate the association between maternal HIV status and growth among Ghanaian infants in the first year of life. Pregnant women in their third trimester were enrolled into three groups: HIV‐negative (HIV‐N, n = 185), HIV‐positive (HIV‐P, n = 190) and HIV‐unknown (HIV‐U, n = 177). Socioeconomic data were collected. Infant weight and length were measured at birth and every month until 12 months of age. Weight‐for‐age (WAZ), weight‐for‐length (WLZ) and length‐for‐age (LAZ) z‐scores were compared using analysis of covariance. Infant HIV status was not known as most mothers declined to test their children's status at 12 months. Adjusted mean WAZ and LAZ at birth were significantly higher for infants of HIV‐N compared with infants of HIV‐P mothers. The prevalence of underweight at 12 months in the HIV‐N, HIV‐P and HIV‐U were 6.6%, 27.5% and 9.9% (P < 0.05), respectively. By 12 months, the prevalence of stunting was significantly different (HIV‐N = 6.0%, HIV‐P = 26.5% and HIV‐U = 5.0%, P < 0.05). The adjusted mean ± SE LAZ (0.57 ± 0.11 vs. −0.95 ± 0.12; P < 0.005) was significantly greater for infants of HIV‐N mothers than infants of HIV‐P mothers. Maternal HIV is associated with reduce infant growth in weight and length throughout the first year of life. Children of HIV‐P mothers living in socioeconomically deprived communities need special support to mitigate any negative effect on growth performance.
Natural Obsidian Glass as an External Accuracy Reference Material in Laser Ablation‐Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Ulrich Thomas , Kamber Balz S. 
Published: August 2012

Compared with solution ICP‐MS, LA‐ICP‐MS studies have thus far reported comparatively few external reference data for accuracy estimates of experiments. This is largely the result of a paucity of available reference materials of natural composition. Here, we report an evaluation of natural glass (obsidian) as an inexpensive and widely available external reference material. The homogeneity of over forty elements in six different obsidian samples was assessed by LA‐ICP‐MS. Accuracy was tested with two obsidian samples that were fully characterised by electron probe microanalysis and solution ICP‐MS. Laser ablation experiments were performed with a variety of ablation parameters (fluence, spot sizes, ablation repetition rates) and calibration approaches (natural vs. synthetic reference materials, and different internal standard elements) to determine the best practice for obsidian analysis. Furthermore, the samples were analysed using two different laser wavelengths (193 nm and 213 nm) to compare the effect of potential ablation‐related phenomena (e.g., fractionation). Our data indicate that ablation with fluences larger than 6 J cm−2 and repetition rates of 5 or 10 Hz resulted in the most accurate results. Furthermore, synthetic NIST SRM 611 and 612 glasses worked better as reference materials compared with lower SiO2 content reference materials (e.g., BHVO‐2G or GOR128‐G). The very similar SiO2 content of the NIST SRM glasses and obsidian (i.e., matrix and compositional match) seems to be the first‐order control on the ablation behaviour and, hence, the accuracy of the data. The use of different internal standard elements for the quantification of the obsidian data showed that Si and Na yielded accurate results for most elements. Nevertheless, for the analysis of samples with high SiO2 concentrations, it is recommended to use Si as the internal standard because it can be more precisely determined by electron probe microanalysis. At the scale of typical LA analyses, the six obsidian samples proved to be surprisingly homogenous. Analyses with a spot size of 80 μm resulted in relative standard deviations (% RSD) better than 8% for all but the most depleted elements (e.g., Sc, V, Ni, Cr, Cu, Cd) in these evolved glasses. The combined characteristics render obsidian a suitable, inexpensive and widely available, external quality‐control material in LA‐ICP‐MS analysis for many applications. Moreover, obsidian glass is suited for tuning purposes, and well‐characterised obsidian could even be used as a matrix‐matched reference material for a considerable number of elements in studies of samples with high SiO2 contents.
Iron therapy in cancer‐induced anemia
Authors: GASCÓN PERE 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYErythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs) are widely used in oncology to correct the anemia associated with chemotherapy, although only 50–70% of patients show an optimal response, mostly because of functional iron deficiency (FID). As intravenous (IV) iron can overcome this FID, it has become an important adjunct to obtaining and maintaining adequate hemoglobin levels in patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy. In fact, six out of seven published randomized, controlled trials performed in cancer patients have demonstrated that IV iron given concomitantly to ESAs induces a faster and much more robust response than with ESAs alone. The possibility that giving only IV iron can also produce adequate hemoglobin responses requires further studies. However, there still exists some reluctance among many oncologists to use IV iron because of the poor safety profile observed in the past with the old iron preparations, in particular high‐molecular‐weight iron dextran. As the efficacy and safety of the new iron preparations have been proven, the use of IV iron should be considered in the management of anemia secondary to chemotherapy treatments.
Myosin‐driven rescue of contractile reserve and energetics in mouse hearts bearing familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy‐associated mutant troponin T is mutation‐specific
Authors: He Huamei , Hoyer Kirsten , Tao Hai , Rice Ronald , Jimenez Jesus , Tardiff Jil C. , Ingwall Joanne S. 
Published: August 2012

Key points
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC)‐associated missense mutations in the tail portion of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) lead to a phenotype characterized by an increased cost of cardiac contraction, contractile dysfunction and impaired energetics.
Arginine 92 (R92) in cTnT is a ‘hotspot’ with many FHC‐associated missense mutations; each mutation leads to a clinically distinct cardiomyopathy. Both R92Q and R92L cTnT mutant mouse hearts exhibit the FHC phenotype.
Here we found that genetically remodelling the sarcomere by substituting αα‐myosin heavy chain (αα‐MyHC) with ββ‐MyHC normalizes the increased cost of cardiac contraction, rescuing both contractile dysfunction and energetic abnormalities, in R92Q cTnT mutant hearts, while wild‐type R92 and R92L cTnT mutant hearts were unaffected.
Our results demonstrate that the conformation of the tropomyosin‐binding domain of cTnT induced by each unique amino acid substitution at R92 is a major determinant of sarcomere function.
Abstract  The thin filament protein troponin T (TnT) is a regulator of sarcomere function. Whole heart energetics and contractile reserve are compromised in transgenic mice bearing missense mutations at R92 within the tropomyosin‐binding domain of cTnT, despite being distal to the ATP hydrolysis domain of myosin. These mutations are associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC). Here we test the hypothesis that genetically replacing murine αα‐MyHC with murine ββ‐MyHC in hearts bearing the R92Q cTnT mutation, a particularly lethal FHC‐associated mutation, leads to sufficiently large perturbations in sarcomere function to rescue whole heart energetics and decrease the cost of contraction. By comparing R92Q cTnT and R92L cTnT mutant hearts, we also test whether any rescue is mutation‐specific. We defined the energetic state of the isolated perfused heart using 31P‐NMR spectroscopy while simultaneously measuring contractile performance at four work states. We found that the cost of increasing contraction in intact mouse hearts with R92Q cTnT depends on the type of myosin present in the thick filament. We also found that the salutary effect of this manoeuvre is mutation‐specific, demonstrating the major regulatory role of cTnT on sarcomere function at the whole heart level.
Sustained NMDA receptor activation by spreading depolarizations can initiate excitotoxic injury in metabolically compromised neurons
Authors: Aiba Isamu , Shuttleworth C. William 
Published: August 2012

Key points
Spreading depolarization (SD) is a profound neuronal and glial depolarization implicated in the progression of acute brain injury.
In metabolically compromised tissue, SD can trigger irrecoverable injury; however, the underlying cellular mechanisms are not well established.
We investigated consequences of SD in hippocampal brain slices, using a combination of electrophysiological and single‐cell imaging methods.
We characterized a brief period of prolonged NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activation after SD onset, which appeared to underlie extended Ca2+ elevations in dendrites.
Prolonged NMDAR activation was sufficient to cause injury after SD in metabolically compromised neurons, and therefore may contribute to deleterious consequences of SD in pathological conditions.
Abstract  Spreading depolarizations (SDs) are slowly propagating waves of near‐complete neuronal and glial depolarization. SDs have been recorded in patients with brain injury, and the incidence of SD significantly correlates with outcome severity. Although it is well accepted that the ionic dyshomeostasis of SD presents a severe metabolic burden, there is currently limited understanding of SD‐induced injury processes at a cellular level. In the current study we characterized events accompanying SD in the hippocampal CA1 region of murine brain slices, using whole‐cell recordings and single‐cell Ca2+ imaging. We identified an excitatory phase that persisted for approximately 2 min following SD onset, and accompanied with delayed dendritic ionic dyshomeostasis. The excitatory phase coincided with a significant increase in presynaptic glutamate release, evidenced by a transient increase in spontaneous EPSC frequency and paired‐pulse depression of evoked EPSCs. Activation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) during this late excitatory phase contributed to the duration of individual neuronal depolarizations and delayed recovery of extracellular slow potential changes. Selectively targeting the NMDAR activation following SD onset (by delayed pressure application of a competitive NMDAR antagonist) significantly decreased the duration of cellular depolarizations. Recovery of dendritic Ca2+ elevations following SD were also sensitive to delayed NMDA antagonist application. Partial inhibition of neuronal energy metabolism converted SD into an irrecoverable event with persistent Ca2+ overload and membrane compromise. Delayed NMDAR block was sufficient to prevent these acute injurious events in metabolically compromised neurons. These results identify a significant contribution of a late component of SD that could underlie neuronal injury in pathological circumstances.