bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Parathyroid Hormone Rather than Low Vitamin D Is Associated with Reduced Event-Free Survival in Childhood Cancer
Authors: Grasemann Corinna , Höppner Jakob , Högler Wolfgang , Tippelt Stephan , Grasemann Maximilian , Grabow Desiree , Cario Gunnar , Zimmermann Martin , Schrappe Martin , Reinhardt Dirk , Schündeln Michael M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Vitamin D deficiency is linked to poor cancer outcomes but the impact of its consequence, elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH), remains understudied. PTH receptor activation influences cancer progression in vitro, yet the effect of elevated PTH on pediatric cancer survival is unexamined.

Methods:
This retrospective study examines associations between PTH, 25-OH vitamin D (25OHD), and event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with pediatric cancer. Laboratory data from 4,349 patients (0–18 years) at a tertiary pediatric cancer unit were analyzed for the highest PTH and lowest 25OHD levels at diagnosis and the following 5 years. Data on relapse, secondary malignancies, and mortality were stratified by PTH levels above/below the cohort median (47 pg/mL) and 25OHD levels ≤30 nmol/L. EFS and OS were analyzed and hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for the entire cohort and six cancer subgroups.

Results:
PTH and 25OHD values were available for 1,286 patients (731 male). Higher PTH associated with inferior EFS in primary malignant brain tumors [HR, 1.80 (1.19–2.72)], embryonal malignancies [HR, 2.20 (1.1–4.43)], and lymphatic malignancies [HR 1.98 (1.05–3.72)]. Vitamin D deficiency associated with inferior EFS in embryonal malignancies [HR 2.41 (1.24–4.68)]. In a multivariate Cox model, only higher PTH remained significant for inferior EFS.

Conclusions:
Elevated PTH may indicate adverse outcomes in certain pediatric cancers.

Impact:
This study identifies elevated parathyroid hormone as a potential marker for poor outcomes in patients with pediatric cancer, emphasizing the need for adequate vitamin D and calcium management.
Disparities in Cancer Stage of Diagnosis by Rurality in California, 2015 to 2019
Authors: Oh Debora L. , Wang Katarina , Goldberg Debbie , Schumacher Karen , Yang Juan , Lin Katherine , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Shariff-Marco Salma 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cancer rates in rural areas vary by insurance status, socioeconomic status, region, race, and ethnicity.

Methods:
California Cancer Registry data (2015–2019) were used to investigate the stage of diagnosis by levels of rurality for the five most common cancers. The percentage of residents in rural blocks within census tract aggregation zones was categorized into deciles up to 50%. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate associations with rurality, with separate models by cancer site, sex, race, and ethnicity (non-Hispanic White and Hispanic). Covariates included individual-level and zone-level factors.

Results:
The percentage of late-stage cancer diagnosis was 28% for female breast, 27% for male prostate, 77% for male lung, 71% for female lung, 60% for male colorectal, 59% for female colorectal, 7.8% for male melanoma, and 5.9% for female melanoma. Increasing rurality was significantly associated with increased odds of late-stage cancer diagnosis for female breast cancer (Ptrend &lt; 0.001), male lung cancer (Ptrend &lt; 0.001), female lung cancer (Ptrend &lt; 0.001), and male melanoma (Ptrend = 0.01), after adjusting for individual-level and zone-level factors. The strength of associations varied by sex and ethnicity. For males with lung cancer, odds of late-stage diagnosis in areas with &gt;50% rural population was 1.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.45) for non-Hispanic White patients and 2.14 (95% confidence interval, 0.86–5.31) for Hispanic patients, compared with areas with 0% rural residents.

Conclusions:
Increasing rurality was associated with increased odds for late-stage diagnosis for breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma, with the strength of associations varying across sex and ethnicity.

Impact:
Our findings will inform cancer outreach to these rural subpopulations.
Update on the geographical distribution of freshwater crabs of the Pseudothelphusidae family in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil
Authors: Nobre Paulo Henrique Pereira , Nascimento Carlito Alves do , Martins Carlos Antonio Muniz , Araújo Juliana Gonçalves de , Nascimento Whandenson Machado do , Pinheiro Allysson Pontes 
Published: August 2024

The humid forest zones of northeastern Brazil are recognized as endemic hotspots for pseudothelphusid crabs. In this study, we report new occurrence records of the pseudothelphusids, Fredius ibiapaba and Kingsleya attenboroughi, in humid soil and streams within humid forests of the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. These new records expand the geographical distribution of these crabs, highlighting their potential to inhabit humid forests throughout this region. Furthermore, this information indicates that these crabs, especially K. attenboroughi, are not confined to slopes and patches of humid forests in highland swamps but can also extend to springs in other areas of the Brazilian semi-arid region.
O uso de estatística de multipontos como pós processamento da krigagem ordinária
Authors: Salaroli Raphael Martin , Rocha Marcelo Monteiro da 
Published: August 2024

A suavização da krigagem representa um grande problema para os cálculos de recursos e reservas minerais, uma vez que valores altos são subestimados e valores baixos superestimados. A suavização atenua detalhes locais de variação espacial do analito, dificultando a detecção de padrões de valores altos. Este artigo propõe a utilização da estatística de multiponto como pós-processamento dos resultados da krigagem ordinária, com objetivo de atenuar esta suavização. A proposta utiliza o modelo de blocos estimado por krigagem como imagem de treinamento. Para os testes, um depósito de cobre sintético foi utilizado com o intuito de aferir os resultados obtidos em relação aos valores reais. Foram realizadas análises visuais, estatísticas e bloco a bloco entre as estimativas geoestatística e simulações por multiponto com o depósito sintético, a fim de entender se o uso da Estatística de Multipontos (MPS) como pós processamento é válido. Os resultados da MPS se apresentaram resultados sutilmente mais semelhantes ao depósito sintético, principalmente em faixas de teores mais baixas. Dessa forma, considerou-se que o uso da MPS como pós processamento da krigagem ordinária gera resultados positivos, ainda que não muito expressivos, sendo possível a aplicação da metodologia numa rotina de análise de recursos e reservas.
Learning Internal Representations of 3D Transformations From 2D Projected Inputs
Authors: Connor Marissa , Olshausen Bruno , Rozell Christopher 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We describe a computational model for inferring 3D structure from the motion of projected 2D points in an image, with the aim of understanding how biological vision systems learn and internally represent 3D transformations from the statistics of their input. The model uses manifold transport operators to describe the action of 3D points in a scene as they undergo transformation. We show that the model can learn the generator of the Lie group for these transformations from purely 2D input, providing a proof-of-concept demonstration for how biological systems could adapt their internal representations based on sensory input. Focusing on a rotational model, we evaluate the ability of the model to infer depth from moving 2D projected points and to learn rotational transformations from 2D training stimuli. Finally, we compare the model performance to psychophysical performance on structure-from-motion tasks.
An Annotated Corpus of Three Hundred Proverbs, Sayings, and Idioms in Eastern Jibbali/Śḥərɛ̄́t
Authors: Castagna Giuliano 
Published: August 2024

This book explores the rich paremiological heritage of Jibbali/Śḥərɛ̄́t, an endangered pre-literate language belonging to the Modern South Arabian sub-branch of Semitic, spoken by an ever-decreasing number of people in the Dhofar governorate of the Sultanate of Oman.
Reflecting the historical value of proverbs and idiomatic expression within the documentation of a language, Giuliano Castagna analyses a sizeable share of Jibbali/Śḥərɛ̄́t proverbs, sayings and idioms from Arabic-language publications, as well as hitherto unpublished expressions that reveal undocumented features in the domains of lexicon, phonetics, phonology and morphology.
Castagna’s grammatical analysis (phonetic, phonological and morphological) of these pieces of folk knowledge underpins the documentation of an obsolete lexicon. It is accompanied by a brief introduction to the study of proverbs (paremiology) and a succinct grammatical sketch of Jibbali/Śḥərɛ̄́t, making the book useful both to experts and to students of these topics.
Cloud-Edge Motion by a Ducted Gravity Wave
Authors: Walsh Raymond P. , Muraki David J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The reflection of a wave at a fluid interface is fundamental to the atmospheric wave duct. As latent heating distinguishes the buoyancy response between cloudy and clear air, cloud edges can serve as a ducting interface for gravity waves. However, advection of the thermodynamic conditions by the ducted wave itself can cause evaporation or condensation, where the motion of cloud edges results from shrinking or enlarging regions of saturated air. For an idealized ducted wave mode trapped by a cloud layer, a linear Boussinesq analysis shows that its vertical motions produce a sinusoidal corrugation of the cloud edge that travels with the wave. When thermodynamic conditions are continuously varying, the cloud edge propagates as a moving onset of phase change and not as a material interface. Using this Boussinesq solution to initialize the full-physics Cloud Model 1 (CM1), the simulation confirms the amplitude and speed of the cloud-edge wave. In a comparison of simulations for domains of decreasing height, convergence to the Boussinesq ducted wave can be quantitatively established. This demonstration suggests a theory-based convergence benchmark for the motion of a cloud edge by phase change.

Significance Statement
Waves in the atmosphere can cause evaporation or condensation that results in changes to the shape of an individual cloud. A standard theory for airflow is extended to include the motion of the edges of a cloud. An example wave cloud as approximated by this theory is shown to be reproduced, with high accuracy, in a computer weather forecast model. The quantitative verification of this basic theory for clouds represents a new opportunity for exploring how wave interactions may be involved in the complex processes that shape the clouds that are an important component in our weather and climate systems.
Suicide and Socio-demography: An Ecological Study from India
Authors: Kar Sujita Kumar , Naskar Chandrima , Marthoenis Marthoenis , Tomer Shivank , Menon Vikas , Arafat S. M. Yasir 
Published: August 2024

Background: Recent studies are coming out assessing the relationship between suicide rates and various ecological variables. However, information on the association between suicide rate and ecological variables in India has been limited. We aimed to measure the association of suicide rate with religion, literacy, gross domestic product, human development index, life expectancy, fertility, urbanization, and unemployment in India. Methods: We extracted 36 states or union territories of India and their suicide rate, the proportion of Hindu and Muslim populations, literacy rate, per capita gross domestic product (GDP), Human Development Index (HDI), life expectancy, fertility rate, urbanization, and unemployment rate. We assessed the association with rate and other ecological variables mentioned. Results: Suicide rates were positively correlated with the percentage of Hindu population in the state (rs = 0.38, p = .022), literacy rate (rs = 0.368, p = .027), and GDP (rs = 0.61, p = .001), whereas they were negatively correlated with fertility (rs = –0.442, p = .039) and unemployment rate (rs = –0.4, p = .015). We did not find any significant association between suicide rate and Muslim populations, HDI, life expectancy, and urbanization. Conclusion: This study’s findings identified several associations between ecological variables and suicide rates. However, based on the nature of the analysis, a cautious interpretation and further investigations are warranted.
Analysis of the efficacy of angiojet percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy combined with catheter-directed thrombolysis versus catheter-directed thrombolysis alone in the treatment of subacute iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis in elderly patients
Authors: Cong Luyi , Huang Lihua , Fan Benfang , Hong Xin , Ma Lingyu , Huang Tianan 
Published: August 2024

Purpose To analysis the clinical efficacy of Angiojet percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) combined with Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis (CDT) compared to CDT in treatment of subacute iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (IFDVT) in elderly patients. Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 117 elderly patients hospitalized for subacute IFDVT was conducted. The patients’basic perioperative data and 2-years follow-up data were compared. Results Group A (PMT + CDT) had a more patients reaching Grade III thrombus clearance, and a lower thrombolysis time, dosage of thrombolytic drugs, hospital stay, and bleeding incidence compared to Group B (CDT). There was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence rate of severe PTS within 2 years ( p < 0.05). Conclusion In treating elderly patients with subacute IFDVT, PMT + CDT effectively reduces the thrombus burden and the dosage of thrombolytic drugs, shortens the hospital stay, and importantly, reduces the occurrence rate of severe PTS within 2 years.
Iodine concentration, HU accuracy, and metal artifacts evaluation on second-generation dual-layer spectral detector CT images with metal implants: a phantom study
Authors: Zhang Xinming , Li Hanwei , Wang Haowen , Liu Xiaomin , Deng Weiwei , Zhong Jianqiu , Fan Litian , Ling Qingqing , Hu Debin , Qi Hongliang , Chen Hongwen 
Published: August 2024

Background Metal implants may affect the image quality, iodine concentration (IC), and CT Hounsfield unit (HU) quantification accuracy. Purpose To investigate the quantitative accuracy of IC and HU from dual-layer spectral detector (DLCT) in the presence of metal artifacts. Material and Methods An experimental cylindrical phantom containing eight iodine inserts and two metal inserts was designed. The phantom underwent scanning at three radiation dose levels and two tube voltage settings. A set of conventional images (CIs), virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs), and iodine concentration maps (ICMs) were generated and measured for all the eight iodine inserts. Quantitative indicators of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), artifact index (AI), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and standard deviation (SD) on CIs and VMIs were calculated for IC and HU. Subjective score evaluation was also conducted. Results The MAPEiodine values of all regions of interest across different scanning configurations were all <5%. Almost all APEiodine values were <5%, indicating that metal artifacts had little impact on IC measurements. When the tube voltage was fixed, the SD value of attenuation decreased with the increase of the tube current; this is also true when the tube current was fixed. The middle energy reconstructions seemed to give a good balance between reducing artifacts and improving contrast. Conclusion VMIs from DLCT can reduce metal artifacts, the accuracy of IC quantification is not sensitive to imaging parameters. In summary, metal implants exhibit minimal impact on image quality and IC quantification accuracy in reconstructed images from DLCT.
Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation of the Capitellum for the Treatment of Osteochondritis Dissecans
Authors: Mirzayan Raffy , Ragheb Jonathan M. , Jeshion-Nelson Kian , DeWitt David O. , Cruz Christian A. 
Published: August 2024

Background: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the humeral capitellum is a rare and challenging condition to treat. Several surgical options exist, but in the last few years, the pendulum has swung from debridement and microfracture to restoration of the articular surface. Osteochondral autografts from the rib and knee have been described, but donor-site morbidity is a concern. Purpose: To expand the results of fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation (FOCAT) in a previously published report with inclusion of additional patients and a longer follow-up period. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: After institutional review board approval, the charts of patients who underwent FOCAT for OCD of the capitellum between 2006 and 2022 by a single surgeon were reviewed. The majority of cases (94%) had unstable lesions (Minami grades 2 and 3). A trial of nonoperative treatment had failed in all. All patients underwent diagnostic arthroscopy, followed by a mini-open, ligament-sparing approach with grafting using commercially available guides and instruments. Results: A total of 35 patients were identified, of whom 25 were male. The mean age was 16 ± 3.9 years (range, 11-32 years). There were 24 baseball players (19 pitchers and 5 position players), 5 gymnasts, 3 cheerleaders/tumblers, 1 tennis player, 1 student (who did not participate in athletics), and 1 patient with avascular necrosis from chemotherapy. Eighteen patients had a mean flexion contracture of 14.1°± 11.9°. A single osteochondral allograft plug was used in 23 patients (mean diameter, 11.3 ± 2.8 mm), and 12 patients required 2 plugs (Mastercard technique). The mean follow-up was 92.6 ± 54.5 months (range, 24-204 months). There was significant improvement in Oxford (from 25.5 ± 4.9 to 46.7 ± 3.5; P < .00001) and visual analog scale for pain (from 7.5 ± 2 to 0.3 ± 1.0; P < .0001) scores. The mean Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score at the time of follow-up was 90.6 ± 10.8 (range, 60-100). In overhead athletes, there was significant improvement in the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic score (from 40.8 ± 11.8 to 90.6 ± 10.8; P < .00001). A postoperative magnetic resonance imaging scan was obtained in 16 (46%) patients at a mean of 32.6 months. In all cases, the graft was incorporated. All overhead athletes were able to return to their sport and perform at the same level or higher for >2 years. Two elbows required a subsequent arthroscopy for loose-body removal; otherwise, there were no other complications. Conclusion: FOCAT is an excellent option for treating OCD lesions of the humeral capitellum. Excellent outcomes and high return-to-sport rates were observed, with midterm follow-up showing no graft failures. FOCAT eliminates donor-site morbidity.
Tuberostemonine may alleviates proliferation of lung fibroblasts caused by pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Tang Amei , Liu Yang , Ding Qian , Huang Gao , Sha Zongge , Yang Changfu , Cao Feng 
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Tuberostemonine has several biological activity, the aim of study examined the impact of tuberostemonine on the proliferation of TGF-β1 induced cell model, and its ability to alleviate pulmonary fibrosis stimulated by bleomycin in mice. Methods: In vitro, we assessed the effect of tuberostemonine (350, 550 and 750 µM) on the proliferation of cells stimulated by TGF-β1 (10 μg/L), as well as on parameters such as α-SMA vitality, human fibronectin, collagen, and hydroxyproline levels in cells. In vivo, we analyzed inflammation, hydroxyproline, collagen activity and metabolomics in the lungs of mice. Additionally, a comprehensive investigation into the TGF-β/smad signaling pathway was undertaken, targeting lung tissue as well as HFL cells. Results: Within the confines of an in vitro setup, the tuberostemonine manifested a discerned IC50 of 1.9 mM. Furthermore, a significant reduction of over fifty percent was ascertained in the secretion levels of hydroxyproline, fibronectin, collagen type I, collagen type III and α-SMA. In vivo, tuberostemonine obviously improved the respiratory function percentage over 50% of animal model and decreased the hydroxyproline, lung inflammation and collagen deposition. A prominent decline in TGF-β/smad pathway functioning was identified within both the internal and external cellular contexts. Conclusions: Tuberostemonine is considered as a modulator to alleviate fibrosis and may become a new renovation for pulmonary fibrosis.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Intensive Care Unit-acquired Weakness in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chuang Ya-Chi , Shiu Sz-Iuan , Lee Yu-Chun , Tsai Yu-Lin , Cheng Yuan-Yang 
Published: August 2024

Background Intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICUAW) is a common neuromuscular complication of critical illness, impacting patients’ recovery and long-term outcomes. However, limited evidence is available on pooled prevalence and risk factors of ICUAW specifically in the COVID-19-infected population. Methods We searched on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PEDro, and EBSCOhost/CINAHL up to January 31, 2024. Data synthesis was conducted using the Freeman-Tukey double-arcsine transformation model for the pooled prevalence rate and odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals was used to identify risk factors. Results The pooled prevalence of ICUAW in COVID-19 patients was 55% in eight studies on 868 patients. Risk factors for developing ICUAW in these patients were: old age (WMD 4.78, 95% CI, 1.06-8.49), pre-existing hypertension (OR = 1.63, 95% CI, 1.02-2.61), medical intervention of prone position (OR = 5.21, 95% CI, 2.72-9.98), use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) (OR = 12.04, 95% CI, 6.20-23.39), needed tracheostomy (OR = 18.07, 95% CI, 5.64-57.92) and renal replacement therapy (RRT) (OR = 5.24, 95% CI = 2.36-11.63). Conclusions The prevalence of ICUAW in patients with COVID-19 was considered relatively high. Older age, pre-existing hypertension, medical intervention of prone position, NMBA use, needed tracheostomy and RRT were likely risk factors. In the future, interdisciplinary medical team should pay attention to high-risk groups for ICUAW prevention and early treatments.