bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a Hospital-Based Home Palliative Care at regional level: A quantitative study of the Ospedalizzazione Domiciliare Cure Palliative Oncologiche program in Lombardy
Authors: Masella Cristina , Garavaglia Giulia , Borghi Gabriella , Castelli Alberto , Radaelli Giovanni , Peruselli Carlo 
Published: December 2014

Background: Home Palliative Care services can overcome trends of institutionalized dying and support higher rates of death at home. Home Palliative Care services rarely scale-up into regional health planning. This generates unwarranted variability in service provision and outcomes across patients. Lombardy Region sponsored a Hospital-Based Home Palliative Care program, which implemented a common service to oncological patients in the territory, with the purpose to align hospitals toward a target of 65% deaths at home. Aim: Our work assesses service characteristics and outcomes achieved by the regional program from 2009 to 2011. Design and setting: Descriptive analysis from an institutional database of service characteristics, regional expenditure, and outcomes (temporary hospitalization and patient discharge) representing 11,841 patients served by 24 providers in the period 2009–2011. Results: Targets of 65% deaths at home were achieved across the Region, with temporary re-hospitalization below 4.4%. The average pathway length stood above 1 month; intensity of care stood above ministerial and regional standards, with most home visits performed by nurses and physicians. Conclusions: The implementation of the regional program revealed three strengths (prompt identification and enrollment of eligible patients, and quantity of home visits) and two weaknesses (limited enrollment from general practitioners and multi-disciplinarity). This highlights opportunities for policy-makers to invest on regional protocols of Hospital-Based Home Palliative Care to reduce trends of institutionalized dying and align providers to homogeneous results.
Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Patellar Tendinopathy
Authors: Liddle Alexander D. , Rodríguez-Merchán E. Carlos 
Published: December 2014

Background: Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is a major cause of morbidity in both high-level and recreational athletes. While there is good evidence for the effectiveness of eccentric exercise regimens in its treatment, a large proportion of patients have disease that is refractory to such treatments. This has led to the development of novel techniques, including platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection, which aims to stimulate a normal healing response within the abnormal patellar tendon. However, little evidence exists at present to support its use. Purpose: To determine the safety and effectiveness of PRP in the treatment of PT and to quantify its effectiveness relative to other therapies for PT. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature review was conducted of the Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases as well as trial registries. Both single-arm and comparative studies were included. The outcomes of interest were pain (as measured by visual analog or other, comparable scoring systems), functional scores, and return to sport. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using the methodological index for nonrandomized studies (MINORS) score and the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: Eleven studies fit the inclusion criteria. Of these, 2 were randomized, controlled trials (RCTs), and 1 was a prospective, nonrandomized cohort study. The remainder were single-arm case series. All noncomparative studies demonstrated a significant improvement in pain and function after PRP injection. Complications and adverse outcomes were rare. The results of the comparative studies were inconsistent, and superiority of PRP over control treatments could not be conclusively demonstrated. Conclusion: Platelet-rich plasma is a safe and promising therapy in the treatment of recalcitrant PT. However, its superiority over other treatments such as physical therapy remains unproven. Further RCTs are required to determine the relative effectiveness of the many available treatments for PT and to determine the subgroups of patients who stand to gain the most from the use of these therapies.
Periodontal disease in cats
Authors: Perry Rachel , Tutt Cedric 
Published: December 2014

Practical relevance: Periodontal disease is commonly encountered in feline practice. Gingivitis, followed by inflammation of the rest of the periodontal tissues, can lead to chronic oral infection, bacteraemia, pain and ultimately tooth loss. Given adequate plaque control and thorough, consistent dental home care, gingivitis is a reversible and controllable condition. Periodontitis, however, is an essentially irreversible and progressive condition. Treatment aims to control tissue inflammation, returning the gingiva to clinical health and preventing destruction of the periodontium in other parts of the mouth. Clinical challenges: Diagnosis must be established using a combination of oral examination under anaesthesia and dental radiography. Periodontitis leads to tooth attachment loss, and given the short length of most cat teeth, probing depths of 1 mm or more should alert the clinician to the presence of periodontitis. The decision of whether to extract or preserve affected teeth needs careful consideration. In practice, as periodontitis is often associated with type 1 tooth resorption, extraction is often required, but the slender and delicate nature of feline tooth roots, compounded by the destructive nature of tooth resorption, can frustrate extraction attempts. As highlighted in this article, iatrogenic damage to teeth is also a real risk if periodontal therapy procedures (including scaling and polishing) are not performed carefully. The challenges of providing home care in the cat are additionally discussed. Evidence base: The authors have drawn upon, wherever possible, an evidence base relating strictly to the feline patient. Where there is a lack of published research, evidence from canine and human studies is assessed.
Globe penetration in a cat following maxillary nerve block for dental surgery
Authors: Perry Rachel , Moore Denise , Scurrell Emma 
Published: December 2014

Clinical summary: Dental treatment was carried out in an 8.5-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat found to have tooth resorption. Right mandibular, and right and left maxillary nerve blocks were administered using a 1 ml syringe attached to a 25 G x 5/8 inch needle and an intraoral technique. The following day the cat displayed blepharospasm of the right eye. The ocular signs progressed and 5 days later an ophthalmologist confirmed a blind, glaucomatous right eye. It was suspected that the eye had suffered a penetrating injury during dental surgery. Enucleation of the right eye was performed and gross and histopathological examination revealed a penetrating wound consistent with a needle tract injury. Practical relevance: Complications arising from veterinary dental regional anaesthesia appear to be rare; however, it may be that they are under-reported. This case report highlights the risks involved and reviews the safest and most efficacious regional anaesthesia technique for the feline maxilla.
Preliminary report: Neural firing patterns specific for Meniere's disease
Authors: Blakley Brian , Dastgheib Zeinab A , Lithgow Brian , Moussavi Zahra 
Published: December 2014

Objective To describe the application of a new, objective diagnostic test for Meniere's disease. Introduction Electrovestibulography (EVestG) is a complex, newly-developed test paradigm that searches for neural firing patterns that may be diagnostic for particular neural disorders. EVestG system was previously “trained” to distinguish Meniere's disease from other patients on a set of training data. In this paper we illustrate its diagnostic application in a new group of unknown subjects. Setting Collaborative Academic Bioengineering Research Centre. Study design Prospective, blinded human Clinical Trial. Methods In an attempt to understand the specific neural firing patterns that may objectively characterize latent Meniere's disease, two hundred fifty-six consecutive patients who presented for electronystagmography testing were asked to undergo EVestG testing. Ten subjects actually completed testing but data were too noisy to permit analysis for one patient. Complete data were available for nine patients with either a clinical diagnosis of either Meniere's disease (4 patients) or some other vestibular disorder (2 vestibular neuritis, 2 benign positional vertigo and 1 non-specific dizziness). None of the patients were experiencing attacks of vertigo within a week of EVestG testing. Ten normal control subjects with no history or symptoms of ear disease were also tested. EVestG was performed in a separate engineering research facility by investigators who were unaware of their clinical diagnosis. If EVestG suggested that the probability of Meniere's disease was 0.5 or greater Meniere's disease was considered present by the objective testing. The objective and clinical diagnoses were compared. Results EVestG testing correctly identified three of four Meniere's disease patients and rejected the diagnosis in 9 of the 10 controls. Two of the 5 dizzy, non-Meniere's patients were incorrectly identified as Meniere's disease. The sensitivity and specificity of EvestG testing were 75% and 80%, respectively. EVestG results were statistically significantly different for Meniere's patients versus the other dizzy patients and controls (Univariate ANOVA difference contrasts p = 0.0340) even in this small sample. Conclusion The EVestG protocol appeared to show promise as an objective, diagnostic test for Meniere's disease, but our sample size is too small to generalize widely. Level of evidence N.A. Prospective Human clinical trial.
Parallel ionoregulatory adjustments underlie phenotypic plasticity and evolution ofDrosophilacold tolerance
Authors: MacMillan Heath A. , Ferguson Laura V. , Nicolai Annegret , Donini Andrew , Staples James F. , Sinclair Brent J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLow temperature tolerance is the main predictor of variation in the global distribution and performance of insects, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance variation are poorly known, and it is unclear whether the mechanisms that improve cold tolerance within the lifetime of an individual insect are similar to those that underlie evolved differences among species. The accumulation of cold-induced injuries by hemimetabolous insects is associated with loss of Na+ and K+ homeostasis. Here we show that this model holds true for Drosophila; cold exposure increases hemolymph [K+] in D. melanogaster, and cold-acclimated flies maintain low hemolymph [Na+] and [K+], both at rest and during a cold exposure. This pattern holds across 24 species of the Drosophila phylogeny, where improvements in cold tolerance have been consistently paired with reductions in hemolymph [Na+] and [K+]. Cold-acclimated D. melanogaster have low activity of Na+/K+-ATPase, which may contribute to the maintenance of low hemolymph [Na+] and underlie improvements in cold tolerance. Modifications to ion balance are associated with both phenotypic plasticity within D. melanogaster and evolutionary differences in cold tolerance across the Drosophila phylogeny, which suggests that adaptation and acclimation of cold tolerance in insects may occur through similar mechanisms. Cold-tolerant flies maintain hemolymph osmolality despite low hemolymph [Na+] and [K+], possibly through modest accumulations of organic osmolytes. We propose that this could have served as an evolutionary route by which chill-susceptible insects developed more extreme cold tolerance strategies.
MALDI-TOF MS Study of the Photooxidation of PCBM and Its Suppression by P3HT
Authors: Yamane Shogo , Mizukado Junji , Suzuki Yasumasa , Sakurai Miho , Chen Liang , Suda Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The photooxidation of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in thin films and the effects of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) on the photooxidation of PCBM were studied using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Two reaction routes of PCBM oxidation and its suppression by P3HT were examined for the first time.
Complexes Bearing Protic N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Jahnke Mareike C , Hahn F Ekkehardt 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Next to complexes bearing N,N′-dialkylazolium-derived N-heterocyclic carbenes (NR,NR-NHCs), the coordination chemistry of protic NHC ligands (NH,NR-NHCs and NH,NH-NHCs) has recently attracted attention. The protic NHC ligands offer multiple opportunities for postsynthetic modifications. This review summarizes methods for the generation of complexes with protic NHC ligands, with a special focus on the recently developed oxidative addition of 2-halogenoazoles to low-valent transition metals. Selected applications for complexes with protic NHC ligands, like the template-controlled preparation of NHC-containing macrocycles and the utilization of the NH function of protic carbene ligands as a molecular recognition unit, will also be discussed.
The engineering relations for definition of geotextile containers’ parameters
Authors: Меркулова Татьяна , Merkulova Tatyana , Кравченко Александр , Kravchenko Aleksandr 
Published: December 2014

The problem of the dehydration of the deposit formed in
the course of sewage treatment is considered. The new foreign technology
of the dehydration of suspensions in geotextile containers is
offered. The main principle of the work of new technology is described.
The divergence in a percentage parity between full elliptic
integrals taken under the table and integrals calculated on expressions
is shown.
Disclosure Policy and Industry Fluctuations
Authors: Bertomeu Jeremy , Liang Pierre Jinghong 
Published: December 2014

This paper examines voluntary disclosures in a repeated oligopoly and their association with price-setting behavior and industry profits along industrial fluctuations. The analysis focuses on the collectively optimal equilibrium among oligopoly firms. We show that, in industries that are highly concentrated or feature low cost of capital, nondisclosure is prevalent and results in stable product prices and high profit margins. Otherwise, firms may selectively disclose to soften competition in the product market. Under partial disclosure, firms withhold information during sharp industry expansions or declines. Consequently, the disclosure policy dampens the dissemination of shocks to the industry. This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.
Direct nucleophilic difluoromethylation of aromatic isoxazoles activated by electron-withdrawing groups using (difluoromethyl)trimethylsilane
Authors: Wang Xin , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shibata Norio 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The activation of aromatic diaryl isoxazoles with strong electron-withdrawing groups, such as the nitro, triflyl, and the phenylsulfonyl groups, at the 4-position has enabled the first regio- and diastereoselective difluoromethylation at the 5-position of isoxazoles by nucleophilic addition using (difluoromethyl) trimethylsilane, Me3SiCF2H, to provide difluoromethylated isoxazolines in good yields. Conjugated styryl-4-nitroisoxazoles were also nicely converted into the corresponding CF2H adducts with high regio- and excellent diastereoselectivities. Since the trifluoromethylated analogs of the corresponding diaryl-isoxazolines are effective ectoparasiticides, represented by fluralaner, should a series of difluoromethylated isoxazolines be obtained, they would be of great importance as promising drug candidates in this field.
SEGUIMENTO FARMACOTERAPÊUTICO DIRECIONADO AOS ANIMAIS DOMÉSTICOS: SERIA VIÁVEL?
Authors: Nicoletti Maria Aparecida , Fukushima André Rinaldi 
Published: December 2014

A atuação global na área da saúde humana tem direcionado seu foco ao cuidado do paciente, tendo o medicamento como segundo plano. Neste sentido, em humanos o seguimento farmacoterapêutico (que faz parte da Atenção Farmacêutica) vem sendo uma ferramenta de grande auxílio para a detecção de Problemas Relacionados a Medicamentos (PRM) para que possam ser evitados ou identificados visando impedir/minimizar aparecimento de Resultados Negativos relacionados a Medicamentos (RNM). Considerando a necessidade do sucesso terapêutico como o resultado a ser obtido no cuidado à saúde, este texto traz uma reflexão sobre a possibilidade sobre o estabelecimento de modelo de seguimento farmacoterapêutico (Dáder modificado) ser adaptado e aplicado à área animal, particularmente, em animais que fazem uso crônico de medicamentos.
An upper bound for the double outer-independent domination number of a tree
Authors: Krzywkowski Marcin 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A vertex of a graph is said to dominate itself and all of its neighbors. A double outer-independent dominating set of a graph G is a set D of vertices of G such that every vertex of G is dominated by at least two vertices of D, and the set V(G)∖D is independent. The double outer-independent domination number of a graph G, denoted by γ
d

oi(G), is the minimum cardinality of a double outer-independent dominating set of G. We prove that for every nontrivial tree T of order n, with l leaves and s support vertices we have
γ
d

oi(T) ≤ (2n + l + s)/3, and we characterize the trees attaining this upper bound.
Second language acquisition and linguistics: A bidirectional perspective
Authors: Spinner Patti , Gass Susan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We argue for a bidirectional relationship between second language research and linguistic theories. It is our belief that SLA research should look to linguistics for concepts and models that provide a basis upon which to make hypotheses, conduct data analysis, and draw conclusions, and we also believe that linguistic theorists can develop and improve their understanding of linguistic concepts and models by examining the results from SLA studies. In this paper, we present arguments in favor of this approach, with examples from two different types of linguistic universals: the Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy and features such as tense and number. Second language acquisition data have been used to provide evidence for the Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy and provide a way to understand areas in which its predictions are not met. Similarly, second language data provide us with a view of what happens when there is a contrast between features in a speaker’s native language and the language being learned. The data thus may shed light on the universality of features, in addition to how features are represented, parsed, and processed. In both cases, we argue that second language data are valuable when examining certain linguistic questions because they illuminate areas of conflict or mismatch between two linguistic systems.
Crystal structure of 3,5-diaza-methyl-2-methyl-6-oxo-6-phenyl-4- thioxohexanoate, at 200 K, C12H14N2O3S
Authors: Odame Felix , Hosten Eric C. , Tshentu Zenixole R. , Betz Richard 
Published: December 2014

Abstract C12H14N2O3S, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.4237(4) Å, b = 8.7173(5) Å, c = 11.3227(6) Å, α = 73.411(2)°, β = 72.173(3)°, γ = 68.967(3)°, V = 638.2 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0426, wRref(F2) = 0.1158, T = 200 K.
Thermal degradation of high-density polyethylene/soya spent powder blends
Authors: Ting Sam Sung , Achmad Norsri Kurniati , Ismail Hanafi , Santiagoo Ragunathan , Zulkepli Nik Noriman 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This study investigates the properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with different soya spent powder (SSP) blend contents upon oven aging. The aged properties of the HDPE/SSP blends were studied by using tensile test, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The tensile strength and elongation at break (E
b) decreased inversely proportional to SSP content and aging period. The thermal stability of the blends was significantly reduced after 21 days of aging. After aging, the melting temperature and crystallinity of the blends decreased with increasing aging period. These results revealed that samples with higher SSP content are more brittle upon oven aging.
Gold Nanoparticles in Novel Green Deep Eutectic Solvents: Self-Limited Growth, Self-Assembly & Catalytic Implications
Authors: O'Neill Maeve , Raghuwanshi Vikram Singh , Wendt Robert , Wollgarten Markus , Hoell Armin , Rademann Klaus 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this article, we are reporting the catalytic activity of gold
nanoparticles (AuNPs) dispersed in a novel eco-friendly Deep
Eutectic Solvent (DES; choline chloride and urea) at room
temperature. A low energy sputter deposition method is employed to
synthesize AuNPs on the DES surface. This is a simple,
economical and clean method for producing monodisperse gold
nanoparticles by a self-limited growth mechanism. Detailed Small Angle
X-ray Scattering (SAXS), UV–Vis and Transmission Electron Microscopy
(TEM) investigations show the formation of spherical AuNPs of
5 nm in diameter. Moreover, these particles have a strong
tendency to self-assemble at the DES surface as well as into the
bulk. This is a new addition to a novel generation of gold based
catalysts. The catalytic activity of Au nanoparticles in DES is
revealed quantitatively by analyzing the apparent conversion reaction
rate constant k
app of para-nitrophenol to para-aminophenol
in the presence of sodium borohydride. Catalytic activity reported in
the present article is much faster (k
app = 0.34 s
–1) than the rate reported earlier
(k
app = 0.030 min
–1) by Chirea et al. for
gold nanowire networks [Langmuir, 2011, 27, 3906]. In agreement with
the literature, we explain the higher catalytic activity in terms of
a larger surface area of AuNPs in a non-self-assembled state.
Perovskite Ti3AlC Carbide Splitting in High Nb Containing TiAl Alloys
Authors: Wang Li , Gabrisch Heike , Lorenz Uwe , Schimansky Frank-Peter , Stark Andreas , Pyczak Florian 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTTransmission electron microscopy has been used to investigate the morphological development of the perovskite (P-) Ti3AlC carbides in the γ matrix of a Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.75C alloy during annealing. P-Ti3AlC carbides in the γ matrix initially have a needle-like shape but during annealing at 800 °C they change to a plate-like shape. In the needle-like shape the carbides are orientated parallel to the [001] direction of the matrix. They extend along the [100]γ or [010]γ direction into plates later and subsequently split into sub particles after extended annealing. It is proposed that the elastic interaction energy between the split sub domains may be the reason that this decomposition into sub-particles is energetically favorable.
Wybrane narzędzia pomiaru innowacyjności
Authors: Wodecka-Hyjek Angelika 
Published: December 2014

The aim of this paper is to organise and present a number of tools for measuring innovation in the field: the economies of nations, enterprises and public sector organisations. The first part of the paper presents definitions of innovation based on the professional literature. The main part then describes selected tools for measuring innovation in four fields: national economies, using the Summary Innovation Index (SII) and Innovation Barometer (Innobarometer - INN); enterprises, using the work of A. Pomykalski, Boston Consulting Group and L. Białoń; public sector organisations, using a model designed by the PUBLIN Project; model measures of the diffusion of innovations by R. M. Walker, C. N. Avellaneda and F. S. Berry. The final part of the paper articulates problems in measurement highlighted regardless of the context of the study and the difficulties in designing a universal tool.