bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation With versus Without Mirabegron: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Stanley Russell F. , Meyer Isuzu , Blanchard Christina T. , Richter Holly E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction and Hypothesis
To compare change in urgency urinary incontinence episodes (UUIEs) in women undergoing posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) plus mirabegron versus PTNS plus placebo for the treatment of refractory urgency urinary incontinence (UUI). The primary hypothesis was that combination therapy is superior to monotherapy.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial was performed in individuals identifying as female aged ≥ 18 years with UUI symptoms refractory to second-line treatment or who could not tolerate antimuscarinic medications. Both participants and providers were blinded to medication treatment allocation. Participants were randomized (1:1) to PTNS plus mirabegron or PTNS plus placebo. Participants completed a 3-day bladder diary prior to and after 12-week treatment. Validated symptom distress and impact questionnaires were obtained pre- and post-treatment. The primary outcome was change in mean number of UUIEs on a 3-day bladder diary pre- versus post-treatment between arms. Primary and secondary outcomes were analyzed via sample t tests.

Results
Fifty-four subjects were randomized, mean ± SD baseline age 56.2±15.6 years and body mass index 35.0±9.4 (kg/m2); no differences were noted in any clinical–demographic characteristics. There was a significant difference between arms in mean pre- to post-treatment UUIEs, 9.4±3.9, mirabegron versus 5.3±5.5, placebo (p=0.007). Significant differences were found pre- compared with post-treatment in urinary frequency, Overactive Bladder Questionnaire Short Form Symptom Bother and Symptom Health-Related Quality of Life scores.

Conclusions
In subjects undergoing PTNS treatment for refractory UUI and OAB-wet symptoms, the addition of a β-3 agonist produced significant improvement in both objective and subjective overactive bladder symptom outcomes compared with PTNS plus placebo.
Temperature imaging during the hydrogen release reaction from a liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) system using phosphor thermometry
Authors: Bollmann Jonas , Bauer Florian , Keim Silvan , Herz Nikolas , Zigan Lars , Wasserscheid Peter , Will Stefan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLiquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) systems offer a particularly interesting option for chemical hydrogen storage. In order to characterize and understand the endothermal hydrogen release from the carrier liquid and to evaluate suitable catalyst materials, knowledge of the temperature fields in the dehydrogenation reactor is important. One suitable technique for planar temperature sensing in reacting systems is phosphor thermometry. It is based on the excitation of a luminescent material by a laser pulse and detection of the subsequent phosphorescence signal. We investigated the luminescence of the thermographic phosphor (Sr,Ca)SiAIN3:Eu2+ (“SCASN:Eu2+”) dispersed in the H0-DBT / H18-DBT LOHC system in a temperature range from 400 to 600 K. A measurement cell enables repeatable and homogeneous measurement conditions of the hydrogen release reaction. A catalytic plate was put inside the heated LOHC. Temperature fields during the hydrogen release reaction were measured for the first time using the phosphorescence decay time (PDT) and the phosphorescence intensity ratio method (PIR). As expected, a strong cooling at the catalyst surface during the endothermal hydrogen release reaction could be observed, which was quantified to be in the range of 40 K.
Graphical abstract
Immunofluorescence analyses of respiratory epithelial cells aid the diagnosis of nephronophthisis
Authors: Hellmann Carlotta , Wohlgemuth Kai , Pennekamp Petra , George Sebastian , Dahmer-Heath Mareike , Konrad Martin , Omran Heymut , König Jens ,   for the NEOCYST Consortium, Bergmann C. , Cetiner M. , Drube J. , Gimpel C. , Göbel J. , Haffner D. , Illig T. , Klopp N. , Liebau M. C. , Lienkamp S. , Okorn C. , Pape L. , Schaefer F. , Schermer B. , Storf H. , Titieni A. , Weber S. , Ziegler W. , Kamp-Becker I. , Vasseur J. , Kollmann S. , Gerß J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Nephronophthisis (NPH) comprises a heterogeneous group of inherited renal ciliopathies clinically characterized by progressive kidney failure. So far, definite diagnosis is based on molecular testing only. Here, we studied the feasibility of NPHP1 and NPHP4 immunostaining of nasal epithelial cells to secure and accelerate the diagnosis of NPH.

Methods
Samples of 86 individuals with genetically determined renal ciliopathies were analyzed for NPHP1 localization using immunofluorescence microscopy (IF). A sub-cohort of 35 individuals was also analyzed for NPHP4 localization. Western blotting was performed to confirm IF results.

Results
NPHP1 and NPHP4 were both absent in all individuals with disease-causing NPHP1 variants including one with a homozygous missense variant (c.1027G > A; p.Gly343Arg) formerly classified as a “variant of unknown significance.” In individuals with an NPHP4 genotype, we observed a complete absence of NPHP4 while NPHP1 was severely reduced. IF results were confirmed by immunoblotting. Variants in other genes related to renal ciliopathies did not show any impact on NPHP1/NPHP4 expression. Aberrant immunostaining in two genetically unsolved individuals gave rise for a further genetic workup resulting in a genetic diagnosis for both with disease-causing variants in NPHP1 and NPHP4, respectively.

Conclusions
IF of patient-derived respiratory epithelial cells may help to secure and accelerate the diagnosis of nephronophthisis—both by verifying inconclusive genetic results and by stratifying genetic diagnostic approaches. Furthermore, we provide in vivo evidence for the interaction of NPHP1 and NPHP4 in a functional module.

Graphical abstract
Effect of drought acclimation on sugar metabolism in millet
Authors: Amoah Joseph N. , Adu-Gyamfi Monica Ode 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDrought stress triggers sugar accumulation in plants, providing energy and aiding in protection against oxidative damage. Plant hardening under mild stress conditions has been shown to enhance plant resistance to severe stress conditions. While sugar accumulation and metabolism under drought stress have been well-documented in crop plants, the effect of drought acclimation treatment on sugar accumulation and metabolism has not yet been explored. In this study, we investigated the impact of drought stress acclimation on sugar accumulation and metabolism in the leaves and root tissues of two commonly cultivated foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) genotypes, 'PI 689680' and 'PI 662292'. Quantification of total sugars (soluble sugar, fructose, glucose, and sucrose), their related enzymes (SPS, SuSy, NI, and AI), and the regulation of their related transcripts (SiSPS1, SiSuSy1, SiSWEET6, SiA-INV, and SiC-INV) revealed that drought-acclimated (DA) plants exhibited levels of these indicators comparable to those of control plants. However, under subsequent drought stress conditions, both the leaves and roots of non-acclimated plants accumulated higher levels of total sugars, displayed increased activity of sugar metabolism enzymes, and showed elevated expression of sugar metabolism-related transcripts compared to drought-acclimated plants. Thus, acclimation-induced restriction of sugar accumulation, transport, and metabolism could be one of the metabolic processes contributing to enhanced drought tolerance in millet. This study advocates for the use of acclimation as an effective strategy to mitigate the negative impacts of drought-induced metabolic disturbances in millet, thereby enhancing global food security and promoting sustainable agricultural systems.
Soil Legacies of Tree Species Composition in Mature Forest Affect Tree Seedlings’ Performance
Authors: Dhiedt Els , Baeten Lander , De Smedt Pallieter , Jaroszewicz Bogdan , Verheyen Kris 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTrees affect the biotic and abiotic properties of the soil in which they grow. Tree species-specific effects can persist for a long time, even after the trees have been removed. We investigated to what extent such soil legacies of different tree species may impact tree seedlings in their emergence and growth. We performed a plant–soil feedback experiment, using soil that was conditioned in plots that vary in tree species composition in Białowieża Forest, Poland. Soil was taken from plots varying in proportion of birch, hornbeam, pine, and oak. In each soil, seeds of the same four target species were sown in pots. Seedling emergence and growth were monitored for one growing season. To further explore biotic implications of soil legacies, ectomycorrhizal root tip colonization of oak, a keystone forest species, was determined. We found no effect of soil legacies of tree species on the emergence measures. We, however, found a clear negative effect of pine legacies on the total biomass of all four seedling species. In addition, we found relationships between the presence of pine and soil fertility and between soil fertility and root tip colonization. Root tip colonization was positively correlated with the biomass of oak seedlings. We conclude that tree species can leave legacies that persist after that species has been removed. These legacies influence the growth of the next generation of trees likely via abiotic and biotic pathways. Thus, the choice of species in today’s forest may also matter for the structure and composition of future forests.
Endonasal endoscopic or endoscopic-assisted transcranial surgery of Rathke’s cleft cysts: does the approach and surgical technique influence the radicality and recurrence rate?
Authors: Linsler Stefan , Schon Laura , Fischer Gerrit , Senger Sebastian , Oertel Joachim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjective: Resections of symptomatic Rathke’s cleft cysts (RCCs) are mainly performed via an endonasal transsphenoidal approach. However, there is a lack of equivalent data in current literature concerning transcranial keyhole approach in the treatment of RCCs. In order to find general recommendations for the surgical treatment of RCCs also with regard to recurrence, the object of this study is the analysis and comparison of both techniques. Methods: Twenty-nine patients having been surgically treated between January 2004 and August 2019 were retrospectively analysed. The transsphenoidal approach was chosen in 16 cases and the transcranial keyhole approach in 13 cases. Both surgical techniques were analyzed and compared concerning preoperative symptoms and cyst characteristics, complications, surgical radicality, endocrinological and ophthalmological outcome and recurrences in patients´ follow up. Results: The postoperative outcome of both techniques was identic and showed highly satisfying success rates with 92% for neurological deficits, 82% for endocrinological dysfunctions and 86% for visual deficits. In contrast, momentous postoperative complications were significantly more likely after transsphenoidal operations. After a mean follow-up time of 5.7 years, the recurrence rates of both cohorts were the same with 0% each. Conclusions: Regarding its equal outcome with its lower complication rate, the authors suggest using the supraorbital keyhole approach for RCCs whose anatomical configuration allow both techniques. Yet, the decision should always consider the surgeon’s personal experience and other individual patient characteristics. Further studies with higher numbers of cases and longer follow-up periods are necessary to analyse the effect of the selected approach on recurrence.
Suture reinforcement using a modified cyanoacrylate glue to prevent anastomotic leak in colorectal surgery: a prospective multicentre randomized trial
Authors: Tomasicchio G. , Martines G. , Tartaglia N. , Buonfantino M. , Restini E. , Carlucci B. , Giove C. , Dezi A. , Ranieri C. , Logrieco G. , Vincenti L. , Ambrosi A. , Altomare D. F. , De Fazio M. , Picciariello A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Anastomotic leakage (AL) is the most frequent life-threating complication following colorectal surgery. Several attempts have been made to prevent AL. This prospective, randomized, multicentre trial aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nebulised modified cyanoacrylate in preventing AL after rectal surgery.

Methods
Patients submitted to colorectal surgery for carcinoma of the high-medium rectum across five high-volume centres between June 2021 and January 2023 entered the study and were randomized into group A (anastomotic reinforcement with cyanoacrylate) and group B (no reinforcement) and followed up for 30 days. Anastomotic reinforcement was performed via nebulisation of 1 mL of a modified cyanoacrylate glue. Preoperative features and intraoperative and postoperative results were recorded and compared. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID number NCT03941938).

Results
Out of 152 patients, 133 (control group, n = 72; cyanoacrylate group, n = 61) completed the follow-up. ALs were detected in nine patients (12.5%) in the control group (four grade B and five grade C) and in four patients (6.6%), in the cyanoacrylate group (three grade B and one grade C); however, despite this trend, the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.36). However, Clavien–Dindo complications grade > 2 were significantly higher in the control group (12.5% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.04). No adverse effects related to the glue application were reported.

Conclusion
The role of modified cyanoacrylate application in AL prevention remains unclear. However its use to seal colorectal anastomoses is safe and could help to reduce severe postoperative complications.
Assessing neoadjuvant therapy recommendations in 19 national and international guidelines for rectal cancer
Authors: Mroczkowski Pawel , Atay Selim , Viebahn Richard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Treatment guidelines belong to the most authoritative sources of evidence-based medicine and are widely implemented by health-care providers. Rectal cancer with an annual incidence of over 730,000 new cases and nearly 340,000 deaths worldwide, remains a significant therapeutic challenge. The total mesorectal excision (TME) leads to a dramatic improvement of local control. The addition of neoadjuvant treatment has been proposed to offer further advancement. However, this addition results in significant functional impairment and a decline in the quality of life.

Methods
This review critically assesses whether the recommendation for neoadjuvant treatment in current international guidelines is substantiated. A comprehensive search was conducted in July 2022 in PubMed resulting in 988 papers published in English between 2012 and 2022. After exclusions and proofs 19 documents remained for further analysis.

Results
Of the 19 guidelines considered in this review, 11 do not recommend upfront surgery, and 12 do not address the issue of functional impairment following multimodal treatment. The recommendation for neoadjuvant therapy relies on outdated references, lacking differentiated strategies based on current utilisation of MRI staging; numerous guidelines recommend neoadjuvant treatment also to subgroups of patients, who may not need this therapy. Also statements regarding conflicts of interest are often not presented.

Conclusions
An immediate and imperative step is warranted to align the recommendations with the latest available evidence, thereby affording rectal cancer patients a commensurate standard of care. A meticulous assessment of the guideline formulation process has the potential to avert heterogeneity in the future.
Polynomial and Rational Measure Modifications of Orthogonal Polynomials via Infinite-Dimensional Banded Matrix Factorizations
Authors: Gutleb Timon S. , Olver Sheehan , Slevinsky Richard Mikaël 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe describe fast algorithms for approximating the connection coefficients between a family of orthogonal polynomials and another family with a polynomially or rationally modified measure. The connection coefficients are computed via infinite-dimensional banded matrix factorizations and may be used to compute the modified Jacobi matrices all in linear complexity with respect to the truncation degree. A family of orthogonal polynomials with modified classical weights is constructed that support banded differentiation matrices, enabling sparse spectral methods with modified classical orthogonal polynomials. We present several applications and numerical experiments using an open source implementation which make direct use of these results.
Hakea decurrens invasion increases fire hazard at the landscape scale
Authors: Gerber Dionatan , Azevedo João C. , Nereu Mauro , de Oliveira Aline Silva , Marchante Elizabete , Jacobson Tamiel Khan Baiocchi , Silva Joaquim S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHakea decurrens subsp. physocarpa is an invasive fire-adapted shrub of Australian origin that is quickly expanding in Portugal with potential impacts on fire behavior and fire regime. In this study we examined the effects of H. decurrens on fire hazard by assessing fire behavior indicators at the landscape scale, using a modeling and simulation approach. Six fuel models for H. decurrens were developed through fuel characterization and experimental fires. The fuel models correspond to combinations of developmental stages of H. decurrens populations (Early, Intermediate and Mature) and management (Standing and Slashed fuels). These combinations were used with three levels of H. decurrens invasion, corresponding to 25%, 50% and 75% of cover of the landscape, applied to five real landscapes in northern Portugal (replicates) under three fuel moisture conditions (Low, Medium and High), used as surrogates of weather severity. Fire behavior simulations were conducted with FlamMap software. The relationships between fire behavior indicators (flame length, rate of spread and burn probability) at the landscape level and the four factors tested were analyzed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models. Standing fuels were found to be more hazardous than slashed fuels. Fire-hazard increased with H. decurrens stand maturity and slash, regardless of moisture conditions. The results of this study indicate that H. decurrens expansion might negatively affect the fire regime in the north of Portugal. Our findings add to other known negative impacts of the species on native ecosystems, calling for the need to reinforce its control.
Super-localized orthogonal decomposition for convection-dominated diffusion problems
Authors: Bonizzoni Francesca , Freese Philip , Peterseim Daniel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel multi-scale method for convection-dominated diffusion problems in the regime of large Péclet numbers. The method involves applying the solution operator to piecewise constant right-hand sides on an arbitrary coarse mesh, which defines a finite-dimensional coarse ansatz space with favorable approximation properties. For some relevant error measures, including the $$L^2$$

L
2

-norm, the Galerkin projection onto this generalized finite element space even yields $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-independent error bounds, $$\varepsilon $$
ε
being the singular perturbation parameter. By constructing an approximate local basis, the approach becomes a novel multi-scale method in the spirit of the Super-Localized Orthogonal Decomposition (SLOD). The error caused by basis localization can be estimated in an a posteriori way. In contrast to existing multi-scale methods, numerical experiments indicate $$\varepsilon $$
ε
-robust convergence without pre-asymptotic effects even in the under-resolved regime of large mesh Péclet numbers.
Tumor-related epilepsy in high-grade glioma: a large series survival analysis
Authors: Rilinger Ryan G. , Guo Lydia , Sharma Akshay , Volovetz Josephine , Thompson Nicolas R. , Grabowski Matthew , Lobbous Mina , Dhawan Andrew 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Seizures are a common clinical occurrence in high-grade glioma (HGG). While many studies have explored seizure incidence and prevalence in HGG, limited studies have examined the prognostic effect of seizures occurring in the post-diagnosis setting. This study aims to assess the impact of seizure presentation on HGG survival outcomes.

Methods
Single-center retrospective review identified 950 patients with histologically-confirmed high-grade glioma. Seizure presentation was determined by clinical history and classified as early onset (occurring within 30 days of HGG presentation) or late onset (first seizure occurring after beginning HGG treatment). The primary outcome, hazard ratios for overall survival and progression-free survival, was assessed with multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models. IDH1 mutation status (assessed through immunohistochemistry) was only consistently available beginning in 2015; subgroup analyses were performed in the subset of patients with known IDH1 status.

Results
Epileptic activity before (HR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.68–0.96, P = 0.017) or after (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.60–0.91, P = 0.005) HGG diagnosis associated with improved overall survival. Additionally, late seizure onset significantly associated with lower odds of achieving partial (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.12–0.53, P = < 0.001) or complete (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.18–0.50, P < 0.001) seizure control than patients with early seizure onset.

Conclusions
Clinical seizures both at the time of diagnosis and later during the HGG treatment course are associated with improved overall survival. This association potentially persists for both IDH1-wildtype and IDH1-mutant patients, but further study is required.
Cost Optimisation of Individual-Based Institutional Reward Incentives for Promoting Cooperation in Finite Populations
Authors: Duong M. H. , Durbac C. M. , Han T. A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study the problem of cost optimisation of individual-based institutional incentives (reward, punishment, and hybrid) for guaranteeing a certain minimal level of cooperative behaviour in a well-mixed, finite population. In this scheme, the individuals in the population interact via cooperation dilemmas (Donation Game or Public Goods Game) in which institutional reward is carried out only if cooperation is not abundant enough (i.e., the number of cooperators is below a threshold $$1\le t\le N-1$$

1
≤
t
≤
N
-
1

, where N is the population size); and similarly, institutional punishment is carried out only when defection is too abundant. We study analytically the cases $$t=1$$

t
=
1

for the reward incentive under the small mutation limit assumption and two different initial states, showing that the cost function is always non-decreasing. We derive the neutral drift and strong selection limits when the intensity of selection tends to zero and infinity, respectively. We numerically investigate the problem for other values of t and for population dynamics with arbitrary mutation rates.