bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cleft Lip and/or Palate and Auricular Malformations
Authors: Suutarla Samuli , Rautio Jorma , Klockars Tuomas 
Published: January 2014

Objective To study the relationship between cleft lip and/or palate and auricular malformations in Finnish patients with cleft. Design Retrospective analysis of patients with an external ear malformation and either a cleft lip with or without a cleft palate (CL±P) or an isolated cleft palate (CP). Setting Tertiary referral clinic. Patients Review of hospital records of 100 patients from the register of 8200 patients with cleft in the Cleft and Craniofacial Centre at the Helsinki University Central Hospital. Main Outcome Measures Proportions of variable auricular malformations among CL±P and CP patients. Results Microtia is the most common auricular malformation among patients with cleft and is almost equally prevalent with both CL±P and CP. The prevalence of microtia increases as the severity of CL±P increases. The combination of microtia and CL±P or CP is frequently found with both oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum and Treacher Collins syndrome. Conclusions Microtia seems to be the most common auricular malformation among patients with cleft. The prevalence of microtia seems to increase as the severity of CL±P increases, whereas in isolated CP microtia seems to occur independently.
The Need for Orthognathic Surgery in Nonsyndromic Patients with Repaired Isolated Cleft Palate
Authors: Antonarakis Gregory S. , Watts Guy , Daskalogiannakis John 
Published: January 2014

Objective To determine the frequency of need for orthognathic surgery among nonsyndromic patients with isolated cleft palate repaired during infancy at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada. Design Retrospective cohort study. Patients Patients with nonsyndromic isolated cleft palate born between 1970 and 1997 with available records including a lateral cephalometric radiograph taken at 15 years of age. Methods Patients who had undergone or were being prepared for orthognathic surgery were automatically counted as requiring surgery. For the remaining patients, lateral cephalometric radiographs were traced and analyzed. Arbitrarily set cephalometric criteria were used to identify the “objective” need for orthognathic surgery. Results Of the 189 patients identified with nonsyndromic isolated cleft palate and for whom records were available, 25 (13.2%) were deemed to require orthognathic surgery. Of the surgical cohort, 92% required surgical correction for a Class III malocclusion. Similar percentages of males and females required orthognathic surgery. An apparently greater proportion of patients of Asian background (18.5%) than of white background (10.6%) required surgery, but this difference was not significant ( P = .205). Conclusions The current results suggest that approximately one in eight patients at our institution with nonsyndromic isolated cleft palate requires orthognathic surgery. There is a tendency for this to be higher in patients of Asian descent and lower in patients of white descent. Variability in extent, severity, and phenotype of the cleft, which may be attributed largely to genetics, may play an important role in dictating the need for orthognathic surgery.
Effects of Nasal Port Area on Perception of Nasality and Measures of Nasalance Based on Computational Modeling
Authors: Bunton Kate 
Published: January 2014

Objective This study examined the relation between nasal port area, nasalance, and perceptual ratings of nasality for three English corner vowels, /i/, /u/, and /a/. Design Samples were simulated using a computational model that allowed for exact control of nasal port size and direct measures of nasalance. Perceptual ratings were obtained using a paired stimulus presentation. Participants Four experienced listeners. Main Outcome Measures Nasalance and perceptual ratings of nasality. Results Findings show that perceptual ratings of nasality and nasalance increased for samples generated with nasal port areas up to and including 0.16 cm2 but plateaued in samples generated with larger nasal port areas. No vowel differences were noted for perceptual ratings. Conclusions This work extends previously published work by including nasal port areas representative of those reported in the literature for clinical populations. Continued work using samples with varied phonetic context and varying suprasegmental and temporal characteristics are needed.
Presurgical Unilateral Cleft Lip Anthropometrics and the Presence of Dental Anomalies
Authors: Antonarakis Gregory S. , Fisher David M. 
Published: January 2014

Objective To investigate associations between cleft lip anthropometrics and dental anomalies in the permanent dentition in unilateral cleft lip patients. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients Children with unilateral clefts of the lip, with or without cleft palate. Methods Anthropometric lip measurements, made immediately prior to lip repair, were available for each patient. The presence of dental anomalies in the permanent dentition was assessed radiographically. The presence of associations between anthropometric lip measurements and prevalence rates of different dental anomalies were determined using logistic regression analyses. Results In the 122 included patients, the cleft lateral lip element was deficient in height in 80% and in transverse length in 84% of patients. Patients with more deficient cleft side lateral lip height and less deficient cleft side lateral lip transverse length were more likely to present with cleft side maxillary lateral incisor agenesis. On the other hand, patients with a less deficient cleft side lateral lip height and more deficient cleft side lateral lip transverse length were more likely to present with a cleft side supernumerary maxillary lateral incisor. When looking only at incomplete clefts, the cleft side lateral lip transverse length deficiency was more predictive of the presence of supernumerary maxillary lateral incisors (P= .030), while for complete clefts, the cleft side lateral lip height deficiency was more predictive of the presence of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis ( P = .035). Conclusions In patients with unilateral clefts, cleft lip anthropometrics have a predictive role in determining the occurrence of dental anomalies.
Association of WNT9B Gene Polymorphisms with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or Without Cleft Palate in Brazilian Nuclear Families
Authors: Fontoura Clarissa , Silva Renato M. , Granjeiro José M. , Letra Ariadne 
Published: January 2014

Objective Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL±P) is a common craniofacial anomaly of complex etiology in people. WNT pathway genes have important roles during craniofacial development, and an association of WNT genes with NSCL±P has been demonstrated in different populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in WNT3 and WNT9B genes and CL/P in Brazilian families. Patients Seventy nuclear families composed of an affected child and the child's unaffected parents were examined clinically. Saliva samples were collected for molecular analyses. Design Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the WNT3 gene and two in WNT9B were investigated in real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan chemistry. The Family-Based Association Test and the transmission disequilibrium test were used to verify the association between each marker allele and NSCL±P. The level of significance was established at P ≤ .01 after Bonferroni correction. Results A positive association was detected between NSCL±P and SNP rs1530364 in the WNT9B gene. Haplotype analysis showed an association of WNT3 and WNT9B haplotypes. No association was detected between NSCL±P and individual SNPs in WNT3. Conclusion Our study further supports the involvement of WNT9B as a cleft susceptibility gene in Brazilian families experiencing NSCL±P. Although additional studies are still necessary to unveil the exact mechanism by which WNT genes would contribute to NSCL±P, allelic polymorphisms in these genes and their interactions may partly explain the variance of individual susceptibility to NSCL±P.
New Insights Into the Molecular Pathogenesis of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: Rizzo Francesca M. , Cives Mauro , Simone Valeria , Silvestris Franco 
Published: January 2014

Learning ObjectivesExplain the pathogenesis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, with particular regard to recent advances in this field. Better identify underdiagnosed disorders such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Cite currently available therapeutic opportunities for patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
Spiral growth inNephrolepidina: evidence of “golden selection”
Authors: Benedetti Andrea 
Published: January 2014

Examination of the neanic apparatuses of known populations ofNephrolepidina praemarginata,N. morgani, andN. tournouerireveals that the equatorial chamberlets are arranged in spirals, along the direction of connection of the oblique stolons, giving the optical effect of intersecting curves. InN. praemarginatacommonly 34 left- and right-oriented primary spirals occur from the first annulus to the periphery, 21 secondary spirals from the third to fifth annulus, 13 ternary spirals from the fifth to eighth annulus, following the Fibonacci sequence.The number of the spirals increases in larger specimens and in more embracing morphotypes, and especially in trybliolepidine specimens; the secondary and ternary spirals from the investigatedN. praemarginatatoN. tournoueripopulations tend to start from more distal annuli. An interpretative model of the spiral growth ofNephrolepidinais attempted.The angle formed by the basal annular stolon and distal oblique stolon in equatorial chamberlets ranges from 122° inN. praemarginatato mean values close to the golden angle (137.5°) inN. tournoueri.The increase in the Fibonacci number of spirals during the evolution of the lineage, along with the disposition of the stolons between contiguous equatorial chamberlets, provides new evidence of evolutionary selection for specimens with optimally packed chamberlets.Natural selection favors individuals with the most regular growth, which fills the equatorial space more efficiently, thus allowing these individuals to reach the adult stage faster. We refer to this new type of selection as “golden selection.”
Processing of DTS monitoring results: automated detection of illicit connections
Authors: Vosse Mats , Schilperoort Rémy , de Haan Cornelis , Nienhuis Jaap , Tirion Marcel , Langeveld Jeroen 
Published: January 2014

Fibre-optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) is a widely used technique. The technique measures temperature with a high resolution and high frequency along cables with lengths up to kilometers. This paper focuses on the application of DTS in sewer systems with the aim of locating illicit connections, and especially on an automated way to analyze the large amount of data.
The automated procedure scans the data for sudden temperature changes that are not caused by rainfall. These changes are marked as possible illicit connections when temperature changes are significantly larger than noise levels in the measurements. By adding artificial spills to field measurements it is concluded that the procedure works for the defined spills. Also when applied to field measurements it is concluded that the automated procedure produces good results.
A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Normal Saline, Lactated Ringer's, and Hypertonic Saline Nasal Irrigation Solution after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Low Tsu-Hui , Woods Charmaine M. , Ullah Shahid , Carney A. Simon 
Published: January 2014

Background Nasal douching is commonly performed after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). There is a lack of studies comparing the clinical effect of various douching solutions after ESS. This study investigated the clinical effects of normal saline, lactated Ringer's, and hypertonic saline nasal douching solutions after ESS. Methods Adult patients (41.8 ± 12.9 years) undergoing bilateral ESS for chronic rhinosinusitis at a single tertiary referral center e blindly randomized to one of the three study solutions and reviewed on postoperative weeks 1, 3, and 6. The 20-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20) scores, visual analog scale (VAS) symptom scores, digital video capture of the sinus cavities, and mucociliary clearance (MCC) times were performed at each visit. The mucosa appearances were scored by a second investigator, blinded to the douching solution. Results Seventy-four patients were recruited. All groups showed an improvement with treatment in SNOT-20 scores and VAS scores, as well as endoscopic evaluation of mucosa appearance over time. There was no improvement of MCC during the treatment period. Irrigation with lactated Ringer's solution resulted in better symptom scores in SNOT-20 (p < 0.05) and VAS (p < 0.05), compared with irrigation with normal saline or hypertonic saline solutions. Patients receiving hypertonic saline solutions had less polypoidal mucosa at week 6. Conclusion Douching with lactated Ringer's solution after ESS results in better improvement in sinonasal symptoms, compared with normal saline or hypertonic saline solutions.
Cross-Validation of the Recumbent Stepper Submaximal Exercise Test to Predict Peak Oxygen Uptake in Older Adults
Authors: Herda Ashley A. , Lentz Angela A. , Mattlage Anna E. , Sisante Jason-Flor , Billinger Sandra A. 
Published: January 2014

Background
Submaximal exercise testing can have a greater application in clinical settings because peak exercise testing is generally not available. In previous work, a prediction equation was developed to estimate peak oxygen consumption (V̇o2) using a total body recumbent stepper (TBRS) and the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) protocol in adults who were healthy.

Objective
The purpose of the present study was to cross-validate the TBRS peak V̇o2 prediction equation in older adults.

Design
A cross-sectional study was conducted.

Methods
Thirty participants (22 female, 8 male; mean age=66.8 years, SD=5.52; mean weight=68.51 kg, SD=13.39) who previously completed a peak exercise test and met the inclusion criteria were invited to participate in the cross-validation study. Within 5 days of the peak V̇o2 test, participants completed the TBRS submaximal exercise test. The TBRS submaximal exercise test equation was used to estimate peak V̇o2. The variables in the equation included age, weight, sex, watts (at the end of the submaximal exercise test), and heart rate (at the end of the submaximal exercise test).

Results
A strong correlation was found between the predicted peak V̇o2 and the measured peak V̇o2. The difference between the values was 0.9 mL·kg−1·min−1, which was not statistically different. The standard error of the estimate was 4.2 mL·kg−1·min−1.

Limitations
The sample included individuals who volunteered to perform a peak exercise test, which may have biased the results toward those willing to exercise to fatigue.

Conclusion
The data suggest the TBRS submaximal exercise test and prediction equation can be used to predict peak V̇o2 in older adults. This finding is important for health care professionals wanting to provide information to their patients or clients regarding their fitness level.
Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring by Cardiac CT as A Screening Tool in 40-45 Years Age Group – Predictor of Future Risk for Cardiovascular Events- Systemic Review
Authors: Kumar S , Sharma S 
Published: January 2014

No abstract available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v3i2.9604 Nepalese Journal of Radiology Vol.3(2)July-Dec, 2013: 31-36
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Metal on Metal Implants: A Breakthrough
Authors: Pilania K , Jankharia B 
Published: January 2014

Background: Metal-on-metal (MoM) hip replacement, a durable alternative to conventional metal -on-polyethylene hip replacement, is increasingly common nowadays. There is a 4-8% incidence of pain and complications which usually go undetected on radiographs. MRI has a vast potential for early diagnosis in these cases. Aim: To evaluate the feasibility of MR imaging in MoM hips and to review the MR imaging features of various complications associated with metal on metal hip implants. Materials and Methods: 41 patients with 52 replaced hips using MoM prostheses underwent MRI on a 1.5T scanner using standard clinical protocols optimized to minimize metallic susceptibility artifact, known as metal artefact reduction sequences (MARS). A standardized reporting was done with specific comment on periprosthetic osteolysis, loosening, periprosthetic soft tissue mass, gluteal muscle atrophy, iliopsoas atrophy, muscle edema, muscle/ tendon tear and lymphadenopathy. Results: Diagnostic images were obtained in all patients. Of the 52 hips, 32 had total hip replacement (THR) and 20 had resurfacing. The following abnormalities were found. Periprosthetic osteolysis (5), Periprosthetic soft tissue mass (24), Gluteal muscle atrophy – moderate to severe (15), Iliopsoas atrophy (15), Muscle edema (0), Muscle / tendon tear (0), Lymphadenopathy (5). Conclusion: MRI on a 1.5T scanner is a viable technique to image the MoM hip and shows well the various complications associated with post arthroplasty hips. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v3i2.9607 Nepalese Journal of Radiology Vol.3(2)July-Dec, 2013: 49-56
The Role of Ultrasound in Ovulation Detection Compared To BBT and Other Methods
Authors: Poonam Dr. , Suman S , Gupta MK , Rauniyar RK 
Published: January 2014

Background: The detection of timing of ovulation is an important step in the evaluation and management of subfertility. Ultrasonography plays a vital role in monitoring follicular growth. Aims: To assess the value of ultrasound scanning of the ovaries in the periovulatory period to detect ovulation and to correlate the results with basal body temperature (BBT) chart and other presumptive evidences of ovulation. Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 60 subfertile patients were selected from the outpatient department of obstetrics and gynaecology, BPKIHS, Dharan. BBT charting, midcycle abdominal pain record & premenstrual endometrial biopsy were performed in all patients i.e. in spontaneous ovulating and anovulating (induced later). Ultrasonographic periovulatory follicular tracking was usually started around 10th day of the cycle. The results were then correlated with BBT mainly and also with mittelschmerz and endometrial biopsy. Results: In this series fifty five patients, who demonstrated sixty ovulations (with failed inductions in five patients) were monitored for hundred ten cycles. The mean preovulatory follicular diameter was 20.55 mm and 21.76 mm in spontaneous and induced cycles respectively. Majority (36%) demonstrated ovulation by disappearance of follicles accompanied by increase in the amount of fluid in the pouch of Douglas (POD). In this study five cases (14.2%) out of thirty five showing biphasic BBT were anovulatoty. Whereas five cases out of twenty one showing monophasic BBT were ovulating. Amongst the inconclusive group, one (25%) patient was ovulating and the rest four (75%) were anovulatoty. Only 35% patients experienced midcycle pain. Ipsilateral pain was commoner (16.6%) than contralateral (6.6%) and central pain (11.6%). Conclusion: Ultrasonographic follicular tracking is a reliable method of ovulation detection. Ovulation precedes the initial rise in temperature in most women confirming the limited value of the rise in BBT as a predictor of ovulation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v3i2.9608 Nepalese Journal of Radiology Vol.3(2)July-Dec, 2013: 57-64
Frame-based cranial reconstruction
Authors: Hochfeld Mascha , Lamecker Hans , Thomale Ulrich-W. , Schulz Matthias , Zachow Stefan , Haberl Hannes 
Published: January 2014

The authors report on the first experiences with the prototype of a surgical tool for cranial remodeling. The device enables the surgeon to transfer statistical information, represented in a model, into the disfigured bone. The model is derived from a currently evolving databank of normal head shapes. Ultimately, the databank will provide a set of standard models covering the statistical range of normal head shapes, thus providing the required template for any standard remodeling procedure as well as customized models for intended overcorrection. To date, this technique has been used in the surgical treatment of 14 infants (age range 6–12 months) with craniosynostosis. In all 14 cases, the designated esthetic result, embodied by the selected model, has been achieved, without morbidity or mortality.
Frame-based reconstruction provides the required tools to precisely realize the surgical reproduction of the model shape. It enables the establishment of a self-referring system, feeding back postoperative growth patterns, recorded by 3D follow-up, into the model design.
Épargner les revenus tirés des ressources naturelles dans les pays en développement : principes et règles de politiques
Authors: Collier Paul 
Published: January 2014

De nombreux pays pauvres sont en train de découvrir la valeur des ressources naturelles non renouvelables. À la différence de la plupart des autres sources de recettes fiscales, les recettes publiques provenant de la déplétion de ces ressources sont à la fois non durables et volatiles. Chacune de ces caractéristiques implique que le taux d’épargne adéquat pour les recettes tirées des ressources naturelles devrait différer de celui des autres recettes. En outre, une découverte est une « nouvelle », exigeant une transition pour sortir d’une situation qui est soudainement devenue sous-optimale. Il est prévisible que ces transitions entraînent des coûts qui eux-mêmes vont peser sur le taux d’épargne optimal. Bien que ces caractéristiques soient connues depuis longtemps, de manière étonnante, les implications sur le comportement d’épargne optimal sont restées peu étudiées. A fortiori , on a également peu étudié les conséquences pour les règles susceptibles d’assurer la réalisation pratique de ces fondements analytiques. Notre analyse se déroule en quatre étapes. Dans la section 1, nous exposons comment l’épargne devrait répondre de façon optimale à la trajectoire de déplétion connue d’une ressource naturelle limitée. Dans la section 2, nous présentons la volatilité des recettes dans le cadre d’ajustements des coûts des dépenses. Dans la section 3, nous abordons les implications des coûts de transition. Enfin, dans la section 4, nous détaillons les implications pour les règles et les institutions budgétaires. Nous soutenons que lorsque les recettes provenant de ressources en voie d’épuisement sont importantes, l’optimisation budgétaire exige que les règles intra-temporelles traditionnellement intégrées dans le budget annuel soient complétées par des règles inter-temporelles. Ces règles protègent l’allocation budgétaire efficace que doivent réaliser les budgets intégrés conçus à cette fin dans les circonstances courantes.
La géopolitique de l'aide internationale et du terrorisme transnational
Authors: Azam Jean-Paul , Thelen Véronique 
Published: January 2014

Cet article présente quelques résultats de Azam et Thelen (2008, 2010, 2012), qui illustrent comment l’aide internationale est utilisée par les pays riches pour acheter les services des gouvernements bénéficiaires dans le but de protéger ou de promouvoir leurs intérêts économiques et politiques. En particulier, ces résultats montrent que l’aide internationale est efficace pour contrôler le nombre d’attaques terroristes transnationales provenant des pays bénéficiaires, alors qu’elle l’est moins en ce qui concerne le nombre d’attaques dans les pays hôtes. En revanche, ils montrent que les interventions militaires, saisies ici par la présence de soldats américains sur le terrain, sont contre-productives, accroissant en fait le nombre d’attaques aussi bien par pays source que par pays hôte. Classification JEL : D74, F35, H11, I21, O19.