bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromyographic findings in 37 patients with adult‐onset acid maltase deficiency
Authors: Kassardjian Charles D. , Engel Andrew G. , Sorenson Eric J. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In acid maltase deficiency (AMD), electrical myotonia (EM) may be restricted to paraspinal muscles. A comprehensive description of the electromyographic (EMG) findings in AMD is lacking. The purpose of this study is to describe the EMG features in adult‐onset AMD, focusing on the distribution of EM. Methods: A retrospective chart review of AMD patients diagnosed at Mayo Clinic over age 18 years. Results: Thirty‐seven patients were included. Twenty‐eight (76%) had EM in at least 1 muscle, and EM was more common in paraspinal and proximal limb muscles. The tensor fasciae latae (TFL) was equally sensitive to the paraspinals for EM. Three of 4 patients had EM identified in the diaphragm. Conclusions: Approximately three‐quarters of adult‐onset AMD patients display EM on EMG. The paraspinal muscles and TFL are the most likely to demonstrate EM, and EM can be detected in the diaphragm of adult onset AMD patients. Muscle Nerve, 2015 Muscle Nerve 51:759–761, 2015
Aerodynamic load control in horizontal axis wind turbines with combined aeroelastic tailoring and trailing‐edge flaps
Authors: Ng Bing Feng , Palacios Rafael , Kerrigan Eric C. , Graham J. Michael R. , Hesse Henrik 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an aeroservoelastic modeling approach to investigate dynamic load alleviation in large wind turbines with composite blades and trailing‐edge aerodynamic surfaces. The tower and rotating blades are modeled using geometrically non‐linear composite beams and linearized about reference rotating conditions with potentially arbitrarily large structural displacements. The aerodynamics of the rotor are represented using a linearized unsteady vortex lattice method, and the resulting aeroelastic system is written in a state‐space description that is both convenient for model reductions and control design. A linear model of a single blade is then used to design an
regulator, capable of providing load reductions of up to 13% in closed loop on the full wind turbine non‐linear aeroelastic model. When combined with passive load alleviation through aeroelastic tailoring, dynamic loads can be further reduced to 35%. While the separate use of active flap controls and passive mechanisms for load alleviation has been well‐studied, an integrated approach involving the two mechanisms has yet to be fully explored and is the focus of this paper. Finally, the possibility of exploiting torsional stiffness for active load alleviation on turbine blades is also considered. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leukemia blast cell identification
Authors: Rizzati Frida , Buldini Barbara , Basso Giuseppe 
Published: February 2015

Acute leukemia is a heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by different laboratory and prognostic features. An adequate diagnosis of acute leukemia, based on the identification of a leukemic cell population and the hematopoietic lineage assessment, is the first goal toward defining correct risk stratification of patients and tailoring specific therapies to patients. Diagnosis of acute leukemia underwent an important change since the 1970s when the only available diagnostic tools were cytomorphology and cytochemistry. Nowadays, the development of modern techniques and their combined use in a multimodal approach lead to a better identification and sub‐classification of acute leukemia. Thus, blast identification in acute leukemia required a comprehensive global approach, by combining cytomorphology, cytochemistry, multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC), cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular genetic methods. At least, new sequencing technologies, such as gene expression profiling (GEP) and whole‐genome sequencing, DNA methylation arrays, and comparative genomic hybridization array, could represent the new frontiers in the characterization of genetic heterogeneity in acute leukemia. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2015, 5:74–85. doi: 10.1002/widm.1146Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Health Care
Data visualization by nonlinear dimensionality reduction
Authors: Gisbrecht Andrej , Hammer Barbara 
Published: February 2015

In this overview, commonly used dimensionality reduction techniques for data visualization and their properties are reviewed. Thereby, the focus lies on an intuitive understanding of the underlying mathematical principles rather than detailed algorithmic pipelines. Important mathematical properties of the technologies are summarized in the tabular form. The behavior of representative techniques is demonstrated for three benchmarks, followed by a short discussion on how to quantitatively evaluate these mappings. In addition, three currently active research topics are addressed: how to devise dimensionality reduction techniques for complex non‐vectorial data sets, how to easily shape dimensionality reduction techniques according to the users preferences, and how to device models that are suited for big data sets. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2015, 5:51–73. doi: 10.1002/widm.1147This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Machine Learning
Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Technologies > Visualization
LaRh3Ga2 – Structure Determination from a Trilling
Authors: Seidel Stefan , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe gallide LaRh3Ga2 was obtained by arc‐melting of the elements and subsequent annealing of the product button in a high‐frequency furnace. The sample was studied by powder X‐ray diffraction and the structure was refined from single crystal data of a trilling: ErRh3Si2 type (CaCu5 superstructure), Imma, a = 760.1(2), b = 975.6(3), c = 564.0(2) pm, wR = 0.0358 for 717 F2 values and 23 variables; domain ratio 0.36(1) / 0.28(1) / 0.35(1). The rhodium atoms build up Kagomé networks (281.8 and 282.2 pm Rh–Rh), which are condensed through the gallium atoms (249.6–251.0 pm Rh–Ga). The lanthanum atoms fill large voids left by the three‐dimensional [Rh3Ga2] network. They have coordination number 18 (6 Ga + 12 Rh) in form of a hexa‐capped hexagonal prism. The crystal chemical relationship with the aristotype CaCu5 is briefly discussed on the basis of a group‐subgroup scheme.
Survival After Surgical Drainage of Malignant Pericardial Effusion
Authors: Niclauss Lars , Montemurro Michael , Prêtre René 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectivesManagement of malignant pericardial effusion (PE) is complex. Cardiac surgeons are not necessarily familiar with or are challenged by the many underlying etiologies. Analyzing risk factors for mortality may help to estimate the benefit of surgery in high‐risk patients.MethodsPatients undergoing a surgical pericardiotomy for malignant PE, between 2001 and 2011, were included. The influence of tumor type, disease extension, intra‐pericardial tumor infiltration on early mortality and long‐term survival as well as freedom from symptoms after drainage, and the use of sclerosing agents on PE recurrence rates was analyzed.ResultsPE drainage was performed on 46 patients 12 ± 30 months after tumor diagnosis. Malignant diseases were lung cancers (50 %), breast cancers (15 %), lymphoma and leukemia (13 %), cancers of the digestive tract (13 %), and others (9 %). 80 % of patients were symptomatic and symptom relief was achieved in 65 %. Nobody died during surgery. Recurrence rate was 4 %. Early in‐hospital mortality was 22 %. After 1 year, 29 % of patients were alive. Eleven patients (24 %) had a complete tumor regression. Metastatic spread (p < 0.001), pericardial infiltration (p = 0.02), and intra‐pericardial Bleomycin (p = 0.01) injection were associated with increased mortality. Hematological malignancies had a better prognosis for survival.ConclusionSurgical pericardiotomy is safe, associated with a low recurrence rate and symptom relief in the majority of dyspneic patients. Intra‐pericardial Bleomycin may reduce recurrent effusion but does not ameliorate survival. Long‐term survival rate was low with an increased mortality in cases of metastatic spreading, pericardial infiltration, and as the tumor of origin: breast cancers. Leukemic and lymphatic tumors have better prognosis.
Expression of hippocampal serotonin receptors 5‐HT2C and 5‐HT5A in a rat model of diet‐induced obesity supplemented with tryptophan
Authors: Lopez‐Esparza Sarahi , Berumen Laura C. , Padilla Karla , Miledi Ricardo , García‐Alcocer Guadalupe 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFood intake regulation is a complex mechanism that involves endogenous substances and central nervous system structures like hypothalamus or even hippocampus. The neurotransmitter serotonin is distinguished as food intake mediator; within its multiples receptors, the 5‐HT2C type is characterized by its inhibitory appetite action but there is no information about 5‐HT5A receptors involvement in obesity disease. It is also unknown if there are any changes in the receptors expression in rats hippocampus with induced obesity during development through a high energy diet (HED) supplemented with tryptophan (W). To appreciate the receptors expression pattern in the hippocampus, obesity was induced to young Sprague Dawley rats through a HED and supplemented with W. Immunocytochemical and western blot techniques were used to study the receptor distribution and quantify the protein expression. The rats with HED diet developed obesity until week 13 of treatment. The 5‐HT2C receptor expression decreased in CA1, CA2, CA3 and DG of HED group; and also in CA2, CA3 and DG for HEDW group. The 5‐HT5A receptor expression only decreased in DG for HED group. Variations of the two serotonin receptors subtypes support their potential role in obesity.
Percutaneous Chevron Osteotomy in Treating Hallux Valgus: Hong Kong Experience and Mid-Term Results
Authors: Karry Lam Ka-Lee , Siu-Wah Kong , Yuen-Hon Chow 
Published: February 2015

Background/Purpose Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has become popular in every specialty. Different distal metatarsal osteotomy methods using minimally invasive percutaneous approach with or without fixation have been proposed to treat mild to moderate degrees of hallux valgus. Methods From June 2010 to May 2012, we performed 23 percutaneous chevron osteotomies with screw fixation in 20 patients. Results At 18 months postoperatively, the mean hallux valgus angle (HVA) was corrected from 31.68° to 14.39°, mean intermetatarsal angle (IMA) from 13.77° to 7.98° and mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score from 59.26 to 88.35. There were four cases of medial plication stitch impingement and four cases with screw impingement but no other complications such as joint stiffness, avascular necrosis of metatarsal head, union complication, wound infection or deep vein thrombosis. Conclusion The mid-term results are encouraging, indicating that this is an effective method in the treatment of mild to moderate hallux valgus with advantages of percutaneous technique. Further study with longer-term results and larger sample size is needed in order to compare with other percutaneous or open techniques.
A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Community-based, Leisure/Social Activity Programmes for People with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Tate Robyn , Wakim Donna , Genders Michelle 
Published: February 2015

Background: Many people who have a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are not able to resume employment and consequently experience profound changes in their lifestyle. They have increased amounts of ’spare time’ yet often find it difficult to engage in meaningful activity. Leisure activities are one way in which meaningful activity can be increased.Aims: This systematic review has two purposes: first, to identify and evaluate the efficacy of community-based interventions for leisure/social activity after TBI, and second to provide details on the types of intervention.Method: Systematic searches were conducted of Medline, PsycINFO and PsycBITE to October 2014, as well as hand searches of two occupational therapy journals. Inclusion criteria were as follows: peer reviewed journal articles on adults with TBI who had participated in a trial evaluating a community-based intervention specifically targeting leisure/social activity. All research methodologies using primary studies that provided empirical, quantitative data were considered. Scientific quality of the studies was evaluated using the PEDro Scale for controlled trials and the Risk of Bias in N-of-1 Trials Scale for single-case designs.Results: Two independent raters screened 196 abstracts, resulting in nine articles that met selection criteria. Data were then independently extracted by the raters. Four of the nine studies used a control condition in their research design (two randomised controlled trials, one controlled but non-randomised study, and one single-case experiment using a changing criterion design). Two of the studies conducted between-group analyses with significant treatment effects for mood and quality of life using active leisure programmes (Tai Chi Qigong and a combined programme of outdoor adventure experiences and goal setting respectively). Intervention programmes identified in the review were then grouped and described according to the approach or model used, including active leisure programmes, social peer mentoring, individual brokered leisure services and a therapeutic recreation model. Additional intervention models and approaches that did not result directly from the systematic review were also described because they provide information on the current approaches used in practice (Clubhouse model and leisure education programmes in the stroke population).Conclusions: There is some evidence for the effectiveness of community-based interventions for leisure/social activity for people who have had a TBI to improve mood and quality of life. The conclusions of this review are that the interventions for this area need to be planned and specific, structured and goal-driven, intensive and conducted over a period of months.
Dynamic Decomposition of Motion in Essential and Parkinsonian Tremor
Authors: Rahimi Fariborz , Debicki Derek , Roberts-South Angela , Bee Carina , Bapat Priya , Jog Mandar 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground: Treatment options for essential (ET) and Parkinson disease (PD) tremor are suboptimal, with significant side effects. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT A) is successfully used in management of various focal movement disorders but is not widely used for tremor. Method: This study examines complexity of wrist tremor in terms of involvement of its three anatomical degrees of freedom (DOF) in two common situations of rest and posture. The study examines tremor in 11 ET and 17 PD participants by kinematic decomposition of motion in 3-DOF. Results: Tremor decomposition showed the motion involved more than one DOF (<70% contribution in one DOF) in most ET (rest: 100%, posture: 64%) and PD (rest: 77%, posture: 77%) patients. Task variation resulted in change in both amplitude and composition in ET, but not in PD. Amplitude significantly increased from rest to posture in ET. Directional bias was observed at the wrist for ET (pronation), and PD (extension, ulnar deviation, pronation). Average agreement between clinical visual and kinematic selection of muscles was 55% across all subjects. Conclusion: This study shows the complexity of tremor and the difficulty in visual judgment of tremor, which may be key to the success of targeted focal treatments such as BoNT A.
Satisfaction With Economic and Social Rights and Quality of Life in a Post-Disaster Zone in China: Evidence From Earthquake-Prone Sichuan
Authors: Liang Ying 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study explored the influence of satisfaction with economic and social rights (ESR) on the quality of life (QOL) of people in post-disaster zones in Sichuan, China.MethodsData from a survey conducted in 2013 in the 5 hardest hit counties in the earthquake-prone area of Sichuan were used. QOL was measured by use of the brief version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). Structural equation models were developed to determine the specific features of the influence of satisfaction with ESR on QOL.ResultsThe mean values of both the WHOQOL-BREF scale and the ESR satisfaction scale were lower than the midpoint of the scales. Satisfaction with ESR had a significant effect on psychological health, social relationships, and environment, apart from physical health. Satisfaction with the right to food had the greatest effect on QOL, followed by the rights to education, work, health, social security, and housing.ConclusionsSatisfaction with ESR had a significant positive influence on the QOL of people in a post-disaster zone, particularly satisfaction with the right to food. Policies on food and education guarantees and mental health intervention are highlighted. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:111-118)
Onset of natural convection in layered aquifers
Authors: Daniel Don , Riaz Amir , Tchelepi Hamdi A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe stability of gravitationally unstable, transient boundary layers in heterogeneous saline aquifers is examined with respect to the onset of natural convection. Permeability is assumed to vary periodically across the thickness of the aquifer. We study the interaction between permeability variation and concentration perturbations within the boundary layer. We observe that the instability decreases with an increase in the permeability variance if the boundary layer thickness is large compared with the permeability wavelength. On the other hand, when the boundary layer thickness is smaller than the permeability wavelength, the behaviour of instability as a function of variance depends on the phase of permeability variation. Such behaviours are shown to result from the interaction of two modes of vorticity production related to the coupling of concentration and velocity perturbations with the magnitude and gradient of permeability variation, respectively. We show that these two modes of vorticity production, when coupled with the transient nature of the boundary layer, determine the evolutionary paths followed by the most amplified perturbations that trigger the onset of convection. When the permeability variance is large, we find that small changes in the permeability field can lead to large changes in the onset times for convection.
Assembling the dodo in early modern natural history
Authors: LAWRENCE NATALIE 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper explores the assimilation of the flightless dodo into early modern natural history. The dodo was first described by Dutch sailors landing on Mauritius in 1598, and became extinct in the 1680s or 1690s. Despite this brief period of encounter, the bird was a popular subject in natural-history works and a range of other genres. The dodo will be used here as a counterexample to the historical narratives of taxonomic crisis and abrupt shifts in natural history caused by exotic creatures coming to Europe. Though this bird had a bizarre form, early modern naturalists integrated the dodo and other flightless birds through several levels of conceptual categorization, including the geographical, morphological and symbolic. Naturalists such as Charles L'Ecluse produced a set of typical descriptive tropes that helped make up the European dodo. These long-lived images were used for a variety of symbolic purposes, demonstrated by the depiction of the Dutch East India enterprise in Willem Piso's 1658 publication. The case of the dodo shows that, far from there being a dramatic shift away from emblematics in the seventeenth century, the implicit symbolic roles attributed to exotic beasts by naturalists constructing them from scant information and specimens remained integral to natural history.
StigmariaBrongniart: a new specimen from Duckmantian (Lower Pennsylvanian) Brymbo (Wrexham, North Wales) together with a review of known casts and how they were preserved
Authors: THOMAS BARRY A. , SEYFULLAH LEYLA J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractStigmariais one of the iconic plant fossils of the Carboniferous and fragments of the narrower parts of the rhizomorph are found in most museum collections. However, very few almost entire specimens have been found and preserved. A new specimen ofStigmariafrom Brymbo, North Wales is described and compared with other preserved examples from Europe and North America. The Brymbo specimen shows a large portion of trunk still attached to the large stigmarian base, which is a rare find, and this specimen supports our ideas of how these impressively large casts were formed. Stigmarias were preserved by the deposition of minerals around them following a sediment inundation, which gave sufficient support while the tissues rotted and filled with sediments. Remnants of the outer tissues were compressed to form a thin surrounding coal layer.
Analysis of the passive damped oscillation of the guinea pig stapes
Authors: Yasui T , Ohashi M , Matsumoto N , Komune S 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjective:To investigate the characteristic physical properties of the oscillating system in the intact middle ear using a high-speed camera.Design:We analysed the oscillation of the guinea pig stapes using a high-speed camera. The specimens were prepared so that the middle-ear structures were intact. Tones of various frequencies were delivered into the external auditory canal.Results:We found that the stapes showed a damped oscillation after the sound stimulation had stopped. The damped oscillation after the sound stimulation showed a specimen-specific frequency that was independent of the frequency of the stimulating sound. An injury to the bony labyrinth, which removed most of the mass from the oscillating system, attenuated the damped oscillation. Therefore, this damped oscillation is likely a passive motion, rather than a reverberation of the stimulating sound.Conclusion:Analysing the passive damped oscillation may reveal the characteristic physical properties of the oscillating system in the near-intact middle ear. Further refinement of this simple and straightforward system may enhance basic and clinical research on the middle ear in a more intuitive way.
Epidemiological study of cholesteatoma in Fukuoka City
Authors: Shibata S , Murakami K , Umeno Y , Komune S 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjective and design:To investigate the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma, we planned to conduct a cohort study. As a first step, we conducted an epidemiological study in Fukuoka City, Japan to determine the incidence of cholesteatoma treated both with and without surgery. We also conducted a case–control study to investigate the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma.Results:The annual incidence of cholesteatoma, including cases treated without surgery, was 6.8–10.0 in a population of 100 000. The results of the case–control study suggested that a past history of otitis media and habitual sniffing caused by a patulous eustachian tube play a role in the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma.Conclusions:The annual incidence of cholesteatoma, including cases treated without surgery, was considered to not be high enough to perform a cohort study. The results of the case–control study suggest that otitis media and habitual sniffing due to a patulous eustachian tube, contribute to the onset of cholesteatoma.