bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Molecular Differences in Prostate Cancer between African American and Caucasian Men
Authors: Khani Francesca , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Park Kyung , Blattner Mirjam , O'Reilly Catherine , MacDonald Theresa Y. , Chen Zhengming , Srivastava Abhishek , Tewari Ashutosh K. , Barbieri Christopher E. , Rubin Mark A. , Robinson Brian D. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of ERG rearrangement, PTEN deletion, SPINK1 overexpression, and SPOP mutation in prostate cancer in African American and Caucasian men.
Experimental design: Dominant tumor nodules from radical prostatectomy specimens of 105 African American men (AAM) were compared with 113 dominant nodules from Caucasian men (CaM). Clinical and pathologic characteristics of the two groups were similar. SPINK1 overexpression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, ERG rearrangement and PTEN deletion by FISH, and SPOP mutation by Sanger sequencing.
Results: ERG rearrangement was identified in 48 of 113 tumors (42.5%) in CaM and 29 of 105 tumors (27.6%) in AAM (P = 0.024). PTEN deletion was seen in 19 of 96 tumors (19.8%) in CaM and 7 of 101 tumors (6.9%) in AAM (P = 0.011). SPINK1 overexpression was present in 9 of 110 tumors (8.2%) in CaM and 25 of 105 tumors (23.4%) in AAM (P = 0.002). SPOP mutation was identified in 8 of 78 (10.3%) tumors in CaM and 4 of 88 (4.5%) tumors in AAM (P = 0.230). When adjusted for age, body mass index, Gleason score, and pathologic stage, ERG rearrangement and SPINK1 overexpression remain significantly different (P = 0.018 and P = 0.008, respectively), and differences in PTEN deletion and SPOP mutation approach significance (P = 0.061 and P = 0.087, respectively).
Conclusions: Significant molecular differences exist between prostate cancers in AAM and CaM. SPINK1 overexpression, an alteration associated with more aggressive prostate cancers, was more frequent in AAM, whereas ERG rearrangement and PTEN deletion were less frequent in this cohort. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether these molecular differences explain some of the disparity in incidence and mortality between these two ethnic groups. Clin Cancer Res; 20(18); 4925–34. ©2014 AACR.
Treatment with Chemotherapy and Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Multiple Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1)–Specific MHC Class I/II–Restricted Epitopes for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Koido Shigeo , Homma Sadamu , Okamoto Masato , Takakura Kazuki , Mori Masako , Yoshizaki Shinji , Tsukinaga Shintaro , Odahara Shunichi , Koyama Seita , Imazu Hiroo , Uchiyama Kan , Kajihara Mikio , Arakawa Hiroshi , Misawa Takeyuki , Toyama Yoichi , Yanagisawa Satoru , Ikegami Masahiro , Kan Shin , Hayashi Kazumi , Komita Hideo , Kamata Yuko , Ito Masaki , Ishidao Takefumi , Yusa Sei-ichi , Shimodaira Shigetaka , Gong Jianlin , Sugiyama Haruo , Ohkusa Toshifumi , Tajiri Hisao 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Purpose: We performed a phase I trial to investigate the safety, clinical responses, and Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1)-specific immune responses following treatment with dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with a mixture of three types of WT1 peptides, including both MHC class I and II–restricted epitopes, in combination with chemotherapy.
Experimental Design: Ten stage IV patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and 1 patient with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) who were HLA-positive for A*02:01, A*02:06, A*24:02, DRB1*04:05, DRB1*08:03, DRB1*15:01, DRB1*15:02, DPB1*05:01, or DPB1*09:01 were enrolled. The patients received one course of gemcitabine followed by biweekly intradermal vaccinations with mature DCs pulsed with MHC class I (DC/WT1-I; 2 PDA and 1 ICC), II (DC/WT1-II; 1 PDA), or I/II–restricted WT1 peptides (DC/WT1-I/II; 7 PDA), and gemcitabine.
Results: The combination therapy was well tolerated. WT1-specific IFNγ-producing CD4+ T cells were significantly increased following treatment with DC/WT1-I/II. WT1 peptide-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was detected in 4 of the 7 patients with PDA vaccinated with DC/WT1-I/II and in 0 of the 3 patients with PDA vaccinated with DC/WT1-I or DC/WT1-II. The WT1-specific DTH-positive patients showed significantly improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared with the negative control patients. In particular, all 3 patients with PDA with strong DTH reactions had a median OS of 717 days.
Conclusions: The activation of WT1-specific immune responses by DC/WT1-I/II combined with chemotherapy may be associated with disease stability in advanced pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(16); 4228–39. ©2014 AACR.
Isolation of a circulating CD45-, CD34dim cell population and validation of their endothelial phenotype
Authors: Tropea Margaret , Harper Bonnie , Graninger Grace , Phillips Terry , Ferreyra Gabriela , Mostowski Howard , Danner Robert , Suffredini Anthony , Solomon Michael 
Published: July 2014

SummaryAccurately detecting circulating endothelial cells (CECs) is important since their enumeration has been proposed as a biomarker to measure injury to the vascular endothelium. However, there is no single methodology for determining CECs in blood, making comparison across studies difficult. Many methods for detecting CECs rely on characteristic cell surface markers and cell viability indicators, but lack secondary validation. Here, a CEC population in healthy adult human subjects was identified by flow cytometry as CD45-, CD34dim that is comparable to a previously described CD45-, CD31bright population. In addition, nuclear staining with 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) was employed as a standard technique to exclude dead cells. Unexpectedly, the CD45-, CD34dim, 7-AAD- CECs lacked surface detectable CD146, a commonly used marker of CECs. Furthermore, light microscopy revealed this cell population to be composed primarily of large cells without a clearly defined nucleus. Nevertheless, immunostains still demonstrated the presence of the lectin Ulex europaeus and von Willebrand factor. Ultramicro analytical immunochemistry assays for the endothelial cell proteins CD31, CD34, CD62E, CD105, CD141, CD144 and vWF indicated these cells possess an endothelial phenotype. However, only a small amount of RNA, which was mostly degraded, could be isolated from these cells. Thus the majority of CECs in healthy individuals as defined by CD45-, CD34dim, and 7-AAD- have shed their CD146 surface marker and are senescent cells without an identifiable nucleus and lacking RNA of sufficient quantity and quality for transcriptomal analysis. This study highlights the importance of secondary validation of CEC identification.
Clinical Risk Stratification Optimizes Value of Biomarkers to Predict New-Onset Heart Failure in a Community-Based Cohort
Authors: Brouwers Frank P. , van Gilst Wiek H. , Damman Kevin , van den Berg Maarten P. , Gansevoort Ron T. , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Hillege Hans L. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , van der Harst Pim , de Boer Rudolf A. 
Published: July 2014

Background—
We aim to identify and quantify the value of biomarkers for incident new-onset heart failure (HF) in a community-based cohort and subgroups based on cardiovascular risk and evaluate the prognostic value of 13 biomarkers for HF with reduced and preserved ejection fraction.

Methods and Results—

Thirteen biomarkers reflecting diverse pathophysiologic domains were examined in 8569 HF-free participants in Prevention of Vascular and Renal Endstage Disease (mean age, 49 years; 50% men). Subjects were categorized in 2 risk groups based on cardiovascular history. Incremental value per biomarker was assessed using Harrell C-indices. One hundred sixty-eight subjects (2.4%) were diagnosed with new-onset HF in the low-risk group (n=6915; Framingham Risk Score, 5.9%) and 206 (12.2%) subjects in the high-risk group (n=1654; Framingham Risk Score, 18.6%). The association of natriuretic peptides, adrenomedullin, endothelin, and galectin-3 with new-onset HF was stronger in the high-risk group (all
P
<0.05). Troponin-T, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, urinary albumin excretion, and cystatin-C had similar risk for new-onset HF between both risk groups. The best model for new-onset HF included the combination of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, troponin-T, and urinary albumin excretion, increasing model accuracy to 0.81 (9.5%,
P
<0.001) in the high-risk group. Except for a modest effect of cystatin-C, no biomarker was associated with increased risk for HF with preserved ejection fraction.

Conclusions—
Risk stratification increases the incremental value per biomarker to predict new-onset HF, especially HF with reduced ejection fraction. We suggest that routine biomarker testing should be limited to the use of natriuretic peptides and troponin-T in patients with increased cardiovascular risk.
Thai lɛ́ɛw: Between Tense and Aspect
Authors: Thiengburanathum Prang 
Published: July 2014

This paper proposes that Thai lɛ́ɛw displays both aspect and tense properties. It expresses not only the internal composition of an event (event transition: event → EVENT), but also the temporal relation between the topic time (TT) and the time of situation (T-SIT). That is to say, the temporal relation between TT and T-SIT imparts a full interpretation to the meaning of lɛ́ɛw. The interaction between T-SIT and TT allows various possible aspectual interpretations such as inchoative, completive, perfective, and perfect.
Cet article propose une nouvelle analyse du marqueur lɛɛ́w en thai. Nous montrons  que lɛɛ́w possède des propriétés aspectuelles et temporelles. Ce marqueur indique à la fois la composition interne d’un événement (une transition entre deux événements: event → EVENT) et la relation temporelle entre le temps de l’assertion (TT) et le temps de la situation (T-SIT). Autrement dit, la relation entre le TT et le T-SIT permet d'expliquer complètement le sens de lɛɛ́w. L’interaction entre le T-SIT et le TT s’ouvre à différentes interprétations possibles, y compris les aspects inchoatif, complétif, perfectif et parfait.
Laboratory Measurements of Contact Freezing by Dust and Bacteria at Temperatures of Mixed-Phase Clouds
Authors: Niehaus Joseph , Becker Jennifer G. , Kostinski Alexander , Cantrell Will 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Laboratory measurements of freezing by aerosol particles in contact mode are presented. The fraction of particles catalyzing freezing is quantified for three mineral dusts and three strains of bacteria. This is the most comprehensive such dataset to date for temperatures greater than −20°C, relevant for warm, mixed-phase clouds. For Arizona Test Dust, feldspar, or rhyolitic ash, more than 103 particles are required to initiate a freezing event at −20°C in the contact mode. At −15°C, more than 105 particles are required. An ice-negative strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens is an order of magnitude more effective than the mineral dusts at every temperature tested. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first measurement of contact-mode freezing by an ice-negative bacterium. An ice-positive strain of Pseudomonas syringae reaches its maximum nucleating efficiency, E = 0.1, 12°C higher than does Pseudomonas fluorescens. This is consistent with the behavior of ice-negative and ice-positive bacteria in the immersion mode, as discovered 40 years ago. Surprisingly, cells of the ice-positive strain Pseudomonas syringae CC94 that do not express the ice nucleation active gene showed no contact-freezing activity, whereas the cells of the ice-negative strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens showed significant activity.
A Note on the Influence of Spatially Varying Diffusivities on the Evolution of Buoyancy with a Nonlinear Equation of State
Authors: Hieronymus Magnus 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The oceanic buoyancy sinks from thermobaricity and cabbeling are quantified using hydrography and parameterized diffusive fluxes of heat and salt. A novelty in this study is that the effect of spatially varying diffusivities is considered and quantified. The spatial distribution as well as averages from different ocean basins of the cabbeling and thermobaricity sinks are shown and discussed. The contributions from isoneutral and dianeutral diffusion to the cabbeling and thermobaricity sinks are calculated separately, and their relative importance is seen to vary in the different ocean basins.
Veno-active drugs for chronic venous disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-design trial
Authors: Belczak Sergio Q , Sincos Igor R , Campos Walter , Beserra Julio , Nering Gilberto , Aun Ricardo 
Published: July 2014

Introduction: Our current understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic venous disease (CVD) suggests that veno-active drugs (VAD) can provide effective symptom relief. Few studies have conducted head-to-head comparisons of VAD and placebo while also assessing objective measures (such as water plethysmography findings and tibiotarsal joint range of motion) and patient-reported quality of life outcomes. Objectives: To compare the effects of different VAD on limb volume reduction, tibiotarsal range of motion, and quality of life. Methods: 136 patients with CVD (CEAP grades 2–5) were randomly allocated into four groups to receive micronized diosmin + hesperidin, aminaphthone, coumarin + troxerutin, or placebo (starch). Patients were administered a questionnaire consisting of a quality of life (QoL) measure designed specifically for persons with CVD, and underwent tibiotarsal joint angle measurement and water plethysmography of the lower extremity before and 30 days after pharmacological intervention. Assessors were blind to the treatment groups. Results: Nine patients dropped out of the trial. Data collected from the 127 remaining patients was considered for statistical analysis. There were no differences in tibiotarsal joint range of motion. Volume reductions ≥100 mL were more frequent in the diosmin + hesperidin group than in any other group. QoL scores were best in the aminaphthone group, and between-group differences were found on individual analysis of questionnaire items. Conclusions: Use of VAD was associated with significant improvements in QoL as compared with placebo. VAD may be effective for providing symptom relief in patients with CVD.
Does the Femoral Cam Lesion Regrow After Osteoplasty for Femoroacetabular Impingement?
Authors: Gupta Asheesh , Redmond John M. , Stake Christine E. , Finch Nathan A. , Dunne Kevin F. , Domb Benjamin G. 
Published: July 2014

Background: There are currently no studies that have examined the recurrence of the cam lesion after femoral neck osteoplasty for femoroacetabular impingement. Although patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores at midterm follow-up have shown continued success, the maintenance of a normalized alpha angle has not been shown radiographically. Purpose: To assess the radiographic recurrence of cam deformity at 2-year follow-up after adequate decompression during the index hip arthroscopic procedure and correlate the findings with PRO scores. The hypothesis was that there would be no recurrence or regrowth of the cam deformity at the 2-year postoperative time point after adequate cam decompression during hip arthroscopic surgery. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Between March 2009 and January 2011, data were prospectively collected on all patients undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery with femoral neck osteoplasty. Minimum follow-up was 2 years, with radiographic images for review. Results: A total of 47 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the participants at the start of the study was 37.18 years (range, 31.70-47.43 years). There were 28 men (59.57%) and 19 women (40.43%). The mean follow-up duration was 28.32 months (range, 24-41 months). The mean preoperative alpha angle (Dunn view) was 70° (range, 60°-97°), compared with 42.79° (range, 32°-50°) at 2 weeks postoperatively ( P < .0001). The mean 2-year alpha angle was 42.72° (range, 32°-54°), which was not significantly different compared with the mean 2-week alpha angle ( P = .93). Additionally, the mean femoral offset measurement was 3.7 mm (range, 0-9.9 mm) preoperatively and 7.8 mm (range, 0.3-13.9 mm) 2 weeks postoperatively ( P < .0001). The mean 2-year postoperative femoral offset measurement was 8.0 mm (range, 2.4-12.8 mm), which was not significantly different compared with the mean 2-week femoral offset measurement ( P = .63). All PRO scores were significantly improved at 3 months compared with preoperative scores and, except for visual analog scale score, continued to show improvement at 2-year follow-up. Conclusion: There was no recurrence of cam deformity at 2 years after femoral neck osteoplasty for femoroacetabular impingement. PRO scores were improved at the 3-month and 2-year postoperative time points.
Correction of Moderate to Severe Hallux Valgus With Isometric First Metatarsal Double Osteotomy
Authors: Siekmann Werner , Watson Troy S. , Roggelin Matthias 
Published: July 2014

Background: The operative treatment for the moderate to severe bunion continues to present challenges. The indications for a single, double, or triple first ray osteotomy remain controversial. In addition, it is not clear whether an opening wedge osteotomy leads to clinically relevant arthritis at the first metatarsophalangeal joint. However, it is this theoretical concern that has led the authors to develop an isometric correction of the first ray. Methods: Thirty-two patients underwent operative correction of hallux valgus with a double osteotomy of the first metatarsal using an opening wedge proximally and a closing wedge distally. The mean follow-up period was 59.3 months with a range of 55 to 65 months. Results: The 1-2 intermetatarsal angle preoperatively was a mean of 18.9 degrees (range 17-23), correcting postoperatively to a mean angle of 8.6 degrees (range 5-12), for an average correction of 10.4 degrees (range 6-16). The postoperative AOFAS scores were 39.4 out of 40 points for pain, 42.4 out of 45 points for function, and 15 points for alignment. The total score was excellent with 94.2 out of 100 possible points. Radiographic union occurred in all cases. There was one case of painful edema of the foot and two cases of early avascular necrosis (AVN) diagnosed by residual pain at the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint and transient osteopenia of the metatarsal head on radiographs. No late sequelae associated with AVN such as arthritis or metatarsal head collapse were noted with long-term follow-up. These healed within months without specific treatment. Conclusion: A double osteotomy of the first metatarsal with a nonlocking, low-profile plate was an effective procedure for correcting severe hallux valgus that carried a low complication rate and high patient satisfaction. It has clear advantages over isolated opening wedge procedures, including potentially better correction especially in those bunions associated with an increased distal metatarsal articular angle. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
‘Red Ruby’: an interactive web-based intervention for lifestyle modification on metabolic syndrome: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jahangiry Leila , Shojaeizadeh Davoud , Najafi Mahdi , Mohammad Kazem , Abbasalizad Farhangi Mahdieh , Montazeri Ali 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Although effectiveness of web-based interventions on lifestyle changes are recognized, the potential of such programs on metabolic syndrome has not been explored. We describe the protocol of a randomized controlled trial that aims to determine the feasibility, acceptability, usability, and effectiveness of interactive technology on lifestyle intervention in a population with metabolic syndrome.

Methods/design
This is a two-arm randomized controlled trial. The study includes 160 participants (n = 80 per arm) who will be recruited via online registration on the study website. The inclusion criteria are that they should have metabolic syndrome and have access to the Internet. All participants will receive information on dietary intake and physical activity through the study website. The intervention group will receive additional resources via the study website including interactive Healthy Heart Profile and calorie restricted diet tailored to the participants. The primary outcomes are feasibility, acceptability, usability, and the change in metabolic syndrome components. The secondary outcomes are comparing quality of life, physical activity and food intake among the study arms. The participants will be followed up to 6 months with data collection scheduled at baseline, 3 and 6 months.

Discussion
There is a need for developing and evaluating web-based interventions that target people with high risk for cardiovascular diseases. This study will therefore make an important contribution to this novel field of research and practice.

Trial registration

IRCT201111198132N1
Use of 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance to screen a set of biomarkers for monitoring metabolic disturbances in severe burn patients
Authors: Zhang Yong , Cai Bin , Jiang Hua , Yan Hong , Yang Hao , Peng Jin , Wang Wenyuan , Ma Siyuan , Wu Xiuwen , Peng Xi 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
To establish a plasma metabolomics fingerprint spectrum for severe burn patients and to use it to identify a set of biomarkers that could be used for clinical monitoring.

Methods
Twenty-one severe burn patients and three healthy control individuals were enrolled in this study, and the plasma samples from patients and healthy individuals were collected for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. The NMR spectra were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) in order to establish the metabolomics fingerprint representing the changes in metabolism and to select the major biomarkers.

Results
NMR spectra of the plasma samples showed significant differences between burn patients and healthy individuals. Using metabolomics techniques, we found an Eigen-metabolome that consists of 12 metabolites, which are regulated by 103 enzymes in a global metabolic network. Among these metabolites, α-ketoisovaleric acid, 3-methylhistidine, and β-hydroxybutyric acid were the most important biomarkers that were significantly increased during the early stage of burn injury. These results suggest that the mitochondrial damage and carbohydrate, protein and fatty acid metabolism disturbances occur after burn injury. Our analysis also show that histone deacetylases, which are protein transcription suppressors, were remarkably increased and indicate that protein transcription was inhibited and anabolism was restrained during the early stage of burn injury.

Conclusions
Metabolomics techniques based on NMR can be used to monitor metabolism in severe burn patients. Our study demonstrates that integrated 1H-NMR metabolome and global metabolic network analysis is useful for visualizing complex metabolic disturbances after severe burn injury and may provide a new quantitative injury severity evaluation for future clinical use.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-OCC-12002145. Registered 25 April 2012.