bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Bullying and Other Forms of Victimization
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a review of the increasing number of research-based bullying prevention strategies and programs developed in the last three decades. The most promising outcomes have been found with the implementation of whole-school intervention programs, but the reduction in the prevalence of bullying they have achieved is mild to moderate. The Olweus and the KiVa programs are the most globally recognized and most broadly implemented programs so far. The chapter further examines several research-based strategies implemented to avert the occurrence of victimization beyond the school milieu, including a few approaches to prevent victimization in cyberspace, in the workplace, and in dating relations, as well as to prevent childhood maltreatment. In the future, work should aim toward the development of three-tier whole-community strategies to prevent the occurrence of victimization across social settings and along the life span, as well as to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with victimization.
Intervention and Treatment for Bullying and Other Forms of Victimization
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the concept of intervention as a prevention strategy to stop “in progress” victimization and the notion of treatment as an approach to remedy the morbidity resulting from and/or preceding victimization as well as to reduce related mortality risk. These two strategies may be implemented consecutively and/or concurrently, or they may be construed as being intertwined or having similar meaning. The chapter reviews known methods to stop or cope with bullying, including direct sanctions, restorative practice, strengthening the victim, mediation, the support group method, and the method of shared concern. In addition, the chapter explores what is known about psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment of morbidity associated with victimization within the framework of diagnoses associated with trauma or stress. The chapter also advocates the following future objectives: The notion of intervention to stop ongoing bullying and other forms of victimization as an integral part of a treatment to alleviate morbidity associated with such victimization; a health intervention to stop ongoing bullying and forms of victimization that is short-term, therapeutic, and includes public health and primary care components; and treatment of morbidity stemming from victimization based on a symptom-targeted approach, instead of treating established diagnoses associated with stress and trauma.
Bullying and Other Forms of Victimization in Tertiary Education
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the different forms of victimization occurring in postsecondary or higher education. It reviews what is known about different facets of maltreatment, including bullying, hazing, incivility, sexual harassment, intimidation, and stalking, affecting students or trainees, teachers/instructors, and academic officials studying/working in undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate education, including military training. It advances the notion of the postsecondary education milieu as a place of work, where all its stakeholders can be affected by workplace bullying and other forms of victimization. Future work should involve research to ascertain the prevalence of all forms of maltreatment affecting university students, military trainees, and their mentors. Furthermore, there is a need to ascertain the health risks linked to exposure to victimization in postsecondary education and training, as well as to advance strategies for its prevention and detection.
Precise timing of solar flare footpoint sources from mid-infrared observations
Authors: Simões Paulo J A , Fletcher Lyndsay , Hudson Hugh S , Kerr Graham S , Penn Matt , Lopez Karla F 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Solar flares are powerful particle accelerators, and in the accepted standard flare model most of the flare energy is transported from a coronal energy-release region by accelerated electrons that stop collisionally in the chromosphere, heating and ionizing the plasma, producing a broad-band enhancement to the solar radiative output. We present a time-delay analysis of the infrared (IR) emission from two chromospheric sources in the flare SOL2014-09-24T17:50 taken at the McMath–Pierce telescope. By cross-correlating the intensity signals, measured with 1 s cadence, from the two spatially resolved IR sources we find a delay of $0.75\pm 0.07$ s at $8.2\,\mu$m, where the uncertainties are quantified by a Monte Carlo analysis. The sources correlate well in brightness but have a time lag larger than can be reasonably explained by the energy transport dominated by non-thermal electrons precipitating from a single acceleration site in the corona. If interpreted as a time-of-flight difference between electrons travelling to each footpoint, we estimate time delays between 0.14 and 0.42 s, for a reconnection site at the interior quasi-separatrix layer, or at the null-point of the spine-fan topology inferred for this event. We employed modelling of electron transport via time-dependent Fokker–Planck and radiative hydrodynamic simulations to evaluate other possible sources of time-delay in the generation of the IR emission, such as differing ionization time-scales under different chromospheric conditions. Our results demonstrate that they are also unable to account for this discrepancy. This flare appears to require energy transport by some means other than electron beams originating in the corona.
DNA-controlled protein fluorescence: Design of aptamer-split peptide hetero-modulator for GFP to respond to intracellular ATP levels
Authors: Park Ki Sung , Cha Hanvit , Niu Jia , Soh Hyongsok Tom , Lee Jin Hyup , Pack Seung Pil 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Enabling the precise control of protein functions with artificially programmed reaction patterns is beneficial for investigating biological processes. Although several strategies have been established that employ the programmability of nucleic acid, they have been limited to DNA hybridization without external stimuli or target binding. Here, we report an approach for the DNA-mediated control of the tripartite split-GFP assembly via aptamers with responsiveness to intracellular small molecules as stimuli. We designed a novel structure-switching aptamer-peptide conjugate as a hetero modulator for split GFP in response to ATP. By conjugating two peptides (S10/11) derived from the tripartite split-GFP to ATP aptamer, we achieved GFP reassembly using only ATP as a trigger molecule. The response to ATP at ≥4 mM concentrations indicated that it can be applied to respond to intracellular ATP in live cells. Furthermore, our hetero-modulator exhibited high and long-term stability, with a half-life of approximately four days in a serum stability assay, demonstrating resistance to nuclease degradation. We validated that our aptamer-modulator split GFP was successfully reconstituted in the cell in response to intracellular ATP levels. Our aptamer-modulated split GFP platform can be utilized to monitor a wide range of intracellular metabolites by replacing the aptamer sequence.
Health Benefits of Palm Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Looi Aaron Deming , Palanisamy Uma Devi , Moorthy Mohanambal , Radhakrishnan Ammu K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Context
Vitamin E, a well-known antioxidant with numerous positive effects on human health, encompasses tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF), a natural variant abundant in palm oil.

Objective
This systematic review analyzed findings from randomized controlled trials published until 2022 to evaluate the health impacts of palm TRF.

Data Sources
A literature search was performed in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, OVID Medline, SCOPUS, and Web of Science from inception until December 2022. Thirty studies involving 2646 patients, including both healthy individuals and those with underlying conditions, were identified.

Results
This review shows palm TRF to be a promising natural supplement against inflammation and lipid peroxidation and that can significantly enhance overall health. Additionally, the study underscores the necessity for further research to ascertain the optimal dosage, formulation, and duration of supplementation, maximizing the potential health advantages.

Conclusion
This systematic review provides evidence supporting the health benefits associated with palm TRF.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020204070.
Ancient Origin of Acetyltransferases Catalyzing O-acetylation of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides
Authors: Zhong Ruiqin , Adams Earle R , Ye Zheng-Hua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Members of the domain of unknown function 231/trichome birefringence–like (TBL) family have been shown to be O-acetyltransferases catalyzing the acetylation of plant cell wall polysaccharides, including pectins, mannan, xyloglucan and xylan. However, little is known about the origin and evolution of plant cell wall polysaccharide acetyltransferases. Here, we investigated the biochemical functions of TBL homologs from Klebsormidium nitens, a representative of an early divergent class of charophyte green algae that are considered to be the closest living relatives of land plants, and Marchantia polymorpha, a liverwort that is an extant representative of an ancient lineage of land plants. The genomes of K. nitens and Marchantia polymorpha harbor two and six TBL homologs, respectively. Biochemical characterization of their recombinant proteins expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells demonstrated that the two K. nitens TBLs exhibited acetyltransferase activities acetylating the pectin homogalacturonan (HG) and hence were named KnPOAT1 and KnPOAT2. Among the six M. polymorpha TBLs, five (MpPOAT1 to 5) possessed acetyltransferase activities toward pectins and the remaining one (MpMOAT1) catalyzed 2-O- and 3-O-acetylation of mannan. While MpPOAT1,2 specifically acetylated HG, MpPOAT3,4,5 could acetylate both HG and rhamnogalacturonan-I. Consistent with the acetyltransferase activities of these TBLs, pectins isolated from K. nitens and both pectins and mannan from M. polymorpha were shown to be acetylated. These findings indicate that the TBL genes were recruited as cell wall polysaccharide O-acetyltransferases as early as in charophyte green algae with activities toward pectins and they underwent expansion and functional diversification to acetylate various cell wall polysaccharides during evolution of land plants.
Natural variation in response to combined water and nitrogen deficiencies in Arabidopsis
Authors: Xue Zeyun , Ferrand Marina , Gilbault Elodie , Zurfluh Olivier , Clément Gilles , Marmagne Anne , Huguet Stéphanie , Jiménez-Gómez José M , Krapp Anne , Meyer Christian , Loudet Olivier 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Understanding plant responses to individual stresses does not mean that we understand real-world situations, where stresses usually combine and interact. These interactions arise at different levels, from stress exposure to the molecular networks of the stress response. Here, we built an in-depth multiomic description of plant responses to mild water (W) and nitrogen (N) limitations, either individually or combined, among 5 genetically different Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions. We highlight the different dynamics in stress response through integrative traits such as rosette growth and the physiological status of the plants. We also used transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling during a stage when the plant response was stabilized to determine the wide diversity in stress-induced changes among accessions, highlighting the limited reality of a “universal” stress response. The main effect of the W × N interaction was an attenuation of the N-deficiency syndrome when combined with mild drought, but to a variable extent depending on the accession. Other traits subject to W × N interactions are often accession specific. Multiomic analyses identified a subset of transcript–metabolite clusters that are critical to stress responses but essentially variable according to the genotype factor. Including intraspecific diversity in our descriptions of plant stress response places our findings in perspective.
Genome-wide characterization of single-stranded DNA in rice
Authors: Peng Yulian , Zhao Pengtao , Li Zhaoguo , Mu Ning , Tao Shentong , Feng Yilong , Cheng Xuejiao , Zhang Wenli 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) is essential for various DNA-templated processes in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. However, comprehensive characterizations of ssDNA still lag in plants compared to nonplant systems. Here, we conducted in situ S1-sequencing, with starting gDNA ranging from 5 µg to 250 ng, followed by comprehensive characterizations of ssDNA in rice (Oryza sativa L.). We found that ssDNA loci were substantially associated with a subset of non-B DNA structures and functional genomic loci. Subtypes of ssDNA loci had distinct epigenetic features. Importantly, ssDNA may act alone or partly coordinate with non-B DNA structures, functional genomic loci, or epigenetic marks to actively or repressively modulate gene transcription, which is genomic region dependent and associated with the distinct accumulation of RNA Pol II. Moreover, distinct types of ssDNA had differential impacts on the activities and evolution of transposable elements (TEs) (especially common or conserved TEs) in the rice genome. Our study showcases an antibody-independent technique for characterizing non-B DNA structures or functional genomic loci in plants. It lays the groundwork and fills a crucial gap for further exploration of ssDNA, non-B DNA structures, or functional genomic loci, thereby advancing our understanding of their biology in plants.
Conspiracy Beliefs and Perceptions of Electoral Integrity: Cross-National Evidence from 29 Countries
Authors: Schnaudt Christian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Extant research shows that belief in conspiracy theories and conspiratorial thinking are negatively related to citizens’ perceptions about the fairness and integrity of elections. However, by exclusively focusing on the United States as only one important empirical case, previous studies have left unanswered crucial questions on the scope, generalizability, and context dependency of their empirical findings. In this research note, I aim to fill this void by providing first empirical evidence on the relationship between conspiracy beliefs and electoral-integrity perceptions across twenty-nine countries. Using high-quality individual-level data from the European Social Survey enriched with contextual-level data on the quality of elections taken from the Varieties of Democracy Project, the findings from linear mixed-effects regression models reveal that (1) conspiracy beliefs are negatively related to citizens’ evaluations concerning the integrity of national elections; (2) the specific strength of the observed individual-level relationship varies substantially across countries; and (3) the relationship between conspiracy beliefs and individual electoral-integrity perceptions depends on the contextual-level quality and integrity of elections across countries. Specifically, the results indicate that the negative relationship between conspiracy beliefs and electoral-integrity perceptions is strongest in contexts in which the actual quality of elections is high, and in which citizens have little reason to (seriously) doubt the integrity of the electoral process. These findings provide an important and hitherto missing cross-national and multilevel perspective on the nexus between individual conspiracy beliefs and electoral-integrity perceptions, highlighting that the “conspiratorial challenge” to electoral legitimacy in contemporary democracies is real and more than an “American affliction.”
The New Urban Rebellions: A Review Article
Authors: Goodwin Jeff 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Mark R. Beissinger's The Revolutionary City is a tour de force that will interest a wide range of readers. It charts both the decline of social revolutions and the rise of a new kind of rebellion, what Beissinger calls the urban civic revolt. Beissinger also analyzes the many ways in which these revolts differ from previous ones. These new rebellions have been minimalist in character, aiming to overthrow despotic regimes but eschewing any effort to redistribute wealth on a large scale or transform class relations. Beissinger's “spatial theory of revolution,” however, only partially illuminates these new urban rebellions, and it leads him to the premature conclusion that social revolutions will never occur again.
A Structural Analysis of Mental Health and Labour Market Trajectories
Authors: Jolivet Grégory , Postel-Vinay Fabien 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We analyse the joint life-cycle dynamics of labour market and mental health outcomes while allowing for two-way interactions between work and mental health. We model selection into jobs on a labour market with search frictions, accounting for the level of exposure to stress in each job using data on occupational health contents. Taking our model to British data from Understanding Society combined with information from O*NET, we estimate the impact of job characteristics on health dynamics and the effects of health and job stress contents on career choices. We use our model to quantify the effects of job loss, health shocks, or job stress shocks that propagate over the life cycle through both health and work channels. We also estimate the (large) values workers attach to health, employment, or nonstressful jobs.
Excess Capacity and Demand-Driven Business Cycles
Authors: Sun Tiancheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
I build a macroeconomic model that features chronic excess capacity. Firms can use their capacity to compete for buyers who are not fully attentive to prices. If one firm expands capacity while other firms do not, it “steals” or attracts profitable demand from others. Theoretically, I show that this capacity competition can cause an over-accumulation of capacity. In the presence of chronic excess capacity, capital resources can be slack, and demand shocks can have large effects on output. The model is consistent with stylized facts about capacity utilization and survey evidence from Switzerland. Quantitatively, when the model is estimated to match the U.S. macro data, demand shocks turn out to be the main driving forces of business cycles.
The bigger your pupils, the better my comprehension: an ERP study of how pupil size and gaze of the speaker affect syntactic processing
Authors: Jiménez-Ortega Laura , Casado-Palacios María , Rubianes Miguel , Martínez-Mejias Mario , Casado Pilar , Fondevila Sabela , Hernández-Gutiérrez David , Muñoz Francisco , Sánchez-García José , Martín-Loeches Manuel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Gaze direction and pupil dilation play a critical role in communication and social interaction due to their ability to redirect and capture our attention and their relevance for emotional information. The present study aimed to explore whether the pupil size and gaze direction of the speaker affect language comprehension. Participants listened to sentences that could be correct or contain a syntactic anomaly, while the static face of a speaker was manipulated in terms of gaze direction (direct, averted) and pupil size (mydriasis, miosis). Left anterior negativity (LAN) and P600 linguistic event-related potential components were observed in response to syntactic anomalies across all conditions. The speaker’s gaze did not impact syntactic comprehension. However, the amplitude of the LAN component for mydriasis (dilated pupil) was larger than for miosis (constricted pupil) condition. Larger pupils are generally associated with care, trust, interest, and attention, which might facilitate syntactic processing at early automatic stages. The result also supports the permeable and context-dependent nature of syntax. Previous studies also support an automatic nature of syntax (fast and efficient), which combined with the permeability to relevant sources of communicative information, such as pupil size and emotions, is highly adaptive for language comprehension and social interaction.
Predicting Organ Dysfunction in Septic and Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study Using Rapid Ex Vivo Immune Profiling
Authors: Samuelsen Abigail M. , Halstead E. Scott , Lehman Erik B. , McKeone Daniel J. , Bonavia Anthony S. 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVES:
While cytokine response patterns are pivotal in mediating immune responses, they are also often dysregulated in sepsis and critical illness. We hypothesized that these immunological deficits, quantifiable through ex vivo whole blood stimulation assays, may be indicative of subsequent organ dysfunction.

DESIGN:
In a prospective observational study, adult septic patients and critically ill but nonseptic controls were identified within 48 hours of critical illness onset. Using a rapid, ex vivo assay based on responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate with ionomycin, cytokine responses to immune stimulants were quantified. The primary outcome was the relationship between early cytokine production and subsequent organ dysfunction, as measured by the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score on day 3 of illness (SOFAd3).

SETTING:
Patients were recruited in an academic medical center and data processing and analysis were done in an academic laboratory setting.

PATIENTS:
Ninety-six adult septic and critically ill nonseptic patients were enrolled.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 post-endotoxin challenge were inversely correlated with SOFAd3. Interferon-gamma production per lymphocyte was inversely related to organ dysfunction at day 3 and differed between septic and nonseptic patients. Clustering analysis revealed two distinct immune phenotypes, represented by differential responses to 18 hours of LPS stimulation and 4 hours of anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our rapid immune profiling technique offers a promising tool for early prediction and management of organ dysfunction in critically ill patients. This information could be pivotal for early intervention and for preventing irreversible organ damage during the acute phase of critical illness.