bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Trace Cadmium Exposure on the Development of Occlusal Traumatic Temporomandibular Arthritis
Authors: Wu Ming-Feng , Zhou Wen-Cheng , Lin Jin-Sheng , Shen Shan 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
To investigate whether heavy metal cadmium acts as a risk factor for temporomandibular joint disorder disease and to study its pathogenic mechanism.

Methods:
A total of 57 rats were allocated into 6 distinct groups, distinguished by 2 interventions: occlusal elevation and cadmium water gavage. These groups included a blank control group, occlusal elevation group, occlusal elevation + 0.42 mg/mL cadmium water gavage group, occlusal elevation + 4.2 mg/mL cadmium water gavage group, no occlusal elevation + 0.42 mg/mL cadmium water gavage group, and no occlusal elevation + 4.2 mg/mL cadmium water gavage group. The impact of cadmium exposure on cartilage oxidative stress was evaluated through the assessment of SOD, CAT, GST, and GSH-Px enzyme activities. In addition, the influence of cadmium exposure on alterations in the extracellular matrix and inflammatory mediators was examined by analyzing the expression levels of type II collagen, protein aggregation polysaccharide, glycosaminoglycan, IL1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Histologic examination of the condylar process cartilage of rats in the occlusal elevation + cadmium water gavage group was conducted to ascertain the occurrence of osteoarthritis.

Results:
The variance in the expression levels of inflammatory factors did not demonstrate statistical significance between the occlusal elevation group and the blank control group; however, statistical significance was observed between the occlusal elevation + cadmium water gavage group and both the control and occlusal elevation groups.

Conclusion:
The severity of inflammation and condylar lesions correlates directly with the concentration of cadmium.
Morphological Profiling of Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia: Implications for Surgical Decision-Making
Authors: Sivakanthan Thiviya , Steinbacher Derek M. 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
Unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) presents challenges with functional and esthetic concerns, including facial and chin asymmetry, prognathism, class III malocclusion, and temporomandibular joint symptoms. This study aims to precisely locate condylar and mandibular asymmetry in patients with UCH, aiding targeted surgical correction and addressing persistent skeletal changes.

Methods:
This retrospective study analyzed data from patients with UCH and controls, utilizing high-quality cone beam computed tomography scans with 1 mm or fewer slices. Morphometric points were placed using Planmeca software, measuring linear distances on both affected and unaffected sides.

Results:
In a cohort of 40 patients (29 UCH, 11 controls), significant differences in condylar head and neck lengths were observed between the affected and unaffected sides in patients with UCH (P = 0.0019). However, ramus length showed no significant variation (P = 0.65). When comparing differences in condylar head and neck length between controls and patients with UCH, a substantial contrast was evident (P = 1.98e-07), while ramus length differences were not significant (P = 1.00). The median condylar head and neck lengths were 20.3 mm for controls, 19.78 mm for the unaffected side in patients with UCH, and 23.48 mm for the affected side.

Conclusion:
Facial asymmetry in UCH primarily results from differences in condylar head and neck length, not ramus length. This emphasizes the importance of high condylectomy in addition to bilateral sagittal split osteotomy to achieve improved symmetry and reduced temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Understanding these regional skeletal changes is critical for effective UCH treatment.
Using OR Black Box Technology to Determine Quality Improvement Outcomes for In-situ Timeout and Debrief Simulation
Authors: Campbell Krystle K. , Abreu Andres A. , Zeh Herbert J. , Daniel William C. , Palter Vanessa N. , Bishop Samantha J. , Sims Suzanne , Odeh Jaffer M. , Evans Kim , Dandekar Priya , Scott Daniel J. 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to determine quality improvement outcomes following the pilot implementation of an in-situ simulation designed to enhance surgical safety checklist performance.

Background:
OR Black Box (ORBB) technology allows near real-time assessment for surgical safety checklist performance. Before our study, timeout quality was 73.3%, compliance was 99.9%, and engagement was 89.7% (n=1993 cases); Debrief Quality was 76.0%, compliance was 66.9%, and engagement was 66.7% (n=1842 cases).

Methods:
This IRB-approved study used prospective convergent multi-methods. During 2 months, a 15-minute in-situ simulation, incorporating rapid cycle deliberate practice, was implemented for OR teams. ORBB analytics generated Timeout and Debrief scores for actual operations performed by surgeons who participated in simulation (Sim-group) versus those who did not (No-sim group) over 6 months, including 2 months pre-intervention, during-intervention, and post-intervention. Inductive content analysis was performed based on simulation discussions to determine team member perspectives.

Results:
Thirty simulations with 163 interprofessional participants were conducted. ORBB data from 1570 cases were analyzed. Scores were significantly better for the Sim-group compared with the No-sim group for debrief quality (84% vs. 79% P<0.001, during-intervention), compliance (73% vs. 66%, P<0.001, post-intervention), and engagement (80% vs. 73%, P=0.012, during-intervention). There were no between-group differences for Timeout scores. Thematic analysis identified 2 primary categories: “culture of safety” and “policy.”

Conclusions:
This simulation-based QI intervention created a psychologically safe training environment for OR teams. The novel use of ORBB technology facilitated outcome analysis and showed significantly better Debrief scores for simulation-trained surgeons compared with nontrained surgeons.
Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy: Short Versus Long Esophageal Myotomy for Achalasia Cardia: A Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Rai Praveer , Kumar Pankaj , Goel Amit , Singh Thakur Prashant , Mishra Prabhaker , Verma Prashant , Kumar Ajay , Kumar Vinod 
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims:
The appropriate length of esophageal myotomy in peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for achalasia cardia remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the outcome of short (≤3 cm) and long (≥6 cm) esophageal myotomy in patients with type I and II achalasia cardia.

Methods:
This single-blinded, randomized controlled noninferiority trial was conducted at a tertiary center between July 2021 and December 2021. Patients with achalasia types I and II were randomized into short (≤3 cm) and long (≥6 cm) esophageal myotomy groups. The primary outcome of the study was clinical success (Eckardt score ≤3) 1 year after the procedure. The secondary outcomes included a comparison of technical success, operating duration, occurrence of intraoperative adverse events, alterations in integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), change in barium column height after 5 minutes (1 mo), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (3 mo) between the groups.

Results:
Fifty-four patients were randomized into the short (n=27) or long (n=27) esophageal myotomy groups. Technical success rates were 100% (27/27) and 96.3% (26/27) in short myotomy (SM) and long myotomy (LM) groups, respectively. The clinical success rates were 96.3% (26/27) and 96.2% (25/26) in the SM and LM groups, respectively (P=0.998). The mean (±SD) length of the esophageal myotomy was 2.75±0.36 cm in the SM and 6.69±1.35 cm in the LM groups (P<0.001). The mean (±SD) procedure time for the SM and LM groups was 61.22±8.44 and 82.42±14.70 minutes (P<0.001), respectively. The mean integrated relaxation pressure (IRP), Eckardt score, adverse events, reflux esophagitis, symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease, and esophageal acid exposure (>6%) did not differ significantly between the 2 groups following POEM treatment.

Conclusions:
Short myotomy is noninferior to long myotomy in terms of clinical success, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and intraoperative adverse events at the short-term follow-up (P>0.05). Short myotomy resulted in a reduced operative time (P<0.05).
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Sacrocolpopexy Approach
Authors: Nicola-Ducey Lauren , Nolan Olivia , Cichowski Sara , Osmundsen Blake 
Published: July 2024

Importance
Racial inequity elevates risk for certain diagnoses and health disparities. Current data show disparities for Black women when comparing open versus minimally invasive hysterectomy. It is unknown if a similar disparity exists in surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse.

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine whether racial or ethnic disparities exist for open abdominal versus minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy.

Study Design
Cross-sectional data of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample and the Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample for the year 2019 was used. Bivariate analysis identified demographic and perioperative differences between abdominal versus minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy, which were compared in a multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Forty-one thousand eight hundred thirty-seven patients underwent sacrocolpopexy: 35,820 (85.6%), minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy, and 6,016, (14.4%) abdominal sacrocolpopexy. In an unadjusted analysis, Black patients were more likely to undergo an abdominal sacrocolpopexy compared to non-Hispanic White patients (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.16–3.92, P <0.01). Hispanic patients were more likely to undergo abdominal sacrocolpopexy compared to non-Hispanic White patients (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.26–2.26, P <0.001). Other factors associated with abdominal sacrocolpopexy are zip code quartile, payer status, composite comorbidity score, hospital control, and hospital bed size. In the regression model, Black patients remained more likely to undergo abdominal sacrocolpopexy compared to those who identified as White (aOR 2, 95% CI 1.26–3.16, P < 0.003). Hispanic patients were more likely to undergo abdominal sacrocolpopexy compared to those who identified as White (aOR 1.73, 95% CI 1.31–2.28, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Abdominal sacrocolpopexy was more likely to occur in patients who identified as Black or Hispanic.
A Multicenter Training and Interrater Reliability Study of the BASED Score for Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome
Authors: Mytinger John R. , Albert Dara V. F. , Aylward Shawn C. , Beatty Christopher W. , Bhalla Sonam , Bhatia Sonal , Brock Guy N. , Ciliberto Micheal A. , Choudhari Purva R. , Clark Daniel J. , Cohen Jennifer Madan , Czech Theresa M. , Fredwall Megan M. , Gonzalez-Giraldo Ernesto , Harini Chellamani , Hunter Senyene E. , Sandoval Karamian Amanda G. , Katyayan Akshat , Kistler Isaac , Kulkarni Neil , Liu Virginia B. , McCabe Corinne , Murray Thomas , Neville Kerri , Patel Shital H. , Pavuluri Spriha , Phillips Donald J. , Samanta Debopam , Sirsi Deepa , Spelbrink Emily M. , Stafstrom Carl E. , Steenari Maija , Takacs Danielle S. , Terrill Tyler , Tran Linh , Vidaurre Jorge , Shrey Daniel W. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
The best possible outcomes in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome require electroclinical remission; however, determining electrographic remission is not straightforward. Although the determination of hypsarrhythmia has inadequate interrater reliability (IRR), the Burden of AmplitudeS and Epileptiform Discharges (BASED) score has shown promise for the reliable interictal assessment of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome. Our aim was to develop a BASED training program and assess the IRR among learners. We hypothesized moderate or better IRR for the final BASED score and the presence or absence of epileptic encephalopathy (+/−EE).

Methods:
Using a web-based application, 31 learners assessed 12 unmarked EEGs (length 1–6 hours) from children with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome.

Results:
For all readers, the IRR was good for the final BASED score (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.86) and +/−EE (Marginal Multirater Kappa 0.63). For all readers, the IRR was fair to good for all individual BASED score elements.

Conclusions:
These findings support the use of our training program to quickly learn the BASED scoring method. The BASED score may be a valuable clinical and research tool. Given that the IRR for the determination of epileptic encephalopathy is not perfect, clinical acumen remains paramount. Additional experience with the BASED scoring technique among learners and advances in collaborative EEG evaluation platforms may improve IRR.
Experience-dependent sex differences in the role of dorsal striatal dopamine D1 receptor activity in methamphetamine self-administration revealed by a novel TREND model
Authors: Madhuranthakam InduMithra , Job Martin O 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe role of dorsal striatal dopamine D1 receptor systems in the mechanism of methamphetamine self-administration (METH SA), and sex differences in this role, are unclear. We hypothesized that this role would be sex and METH experience-dependent. Because prior experience regulates subsequent effects of drugs, we developed a novel model to account for this interaction, termed the TREND model (Time-Related-Experience-Normalized-Dynamics) for drug SA analysis. We tested our hypothesis by comparing results from the new TREND model and the current model.METHODSFor model validation, we reanalyzed previous data (Job et al., 2020) with the aim of determining which model (current or TREND) was more effective as an analytical tool. We compared variables from each model with the effect of Clozapine-N-Oxide (CNO, chemogenetic ligand) on METH SA. We employed regression analysis, median split, ANOVA to see which could reveal sex and experience dependency of dorsal striatal dopamine D1 receptor system.RESULTSThe current model variables were unrelated to CNO effect, with no sex differences in these relationships. TREND model revealed new variables that were unrelated to current variables but related to CNO effect on METH in males and females, with sex differences in these relationships. TREND, but not the current model, detected sex differences when comparing males and females with prior high, but not low, behavioral response variables.CONCLUSIONSTREND model is more sensitive than the current model for detecting experience-dependent sex differences in the role of the dorsal striatal dopamine D1 receptor systems in the mechanism of METH SA.
Decoding the Epigenetic Landscape: Insights into 5mC and 5hmC Patterns in Mouse Cortical Cell Types
Authors: Wei Xiaoran , Li Jiangtao , Cheng Zuolin , Wei Songtao , Yu Guoqiang , Olsen Michelle L 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYThe DNA modifications, 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), represent powerful epigenetic regulators of temporal and spatial gene expression. Yet, how the cooperation of these genome-wide, epigenetic marks determine unique transcriptional signatures across different brain cell populations is unclear. Here we applied Nanopore sequencing of native DNA to obtain a complete, genome-wide, single-base resolution atlas of 5mC and 5hmC modifications in neurons, astrocytes and microglia in the mouse cortex (99% genome coverage, 40 million CpG sites). In tandem with RNA sequencing, analysis of 5mC and 5hmC patterns across cell types reveals astrocytes drive uniquely high brain 5hmC levels and support two decades of research regarding methylation patterns, gene expression and alternative splicing, benchmarking this resource. As such, we provide the most comprehensive DNA methylation data in mouse brain as an interactive, online tool (NAM-Me,https://olsenlab.shinyapps.io/NAMME/) to serve as aresourcedataset for those interested in the methylome landscape.
Fully synthetic hydrogels promote robust crypt formation in intestinal organoids
Authors: Hushka Ella A , Blatchley Michael R , Macdougall Laura J , Yavitt F Max , Kirkpatrick Bruce E , Bera Kaustav , Dempsey Peter J , Anseth Kristi S 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTInitial landmark studies in the design of synthetic hydrogels for intestinal organoid culture identified precise matrix requirements for differentiation, namely decompression of matrix-imposed forces and supplementation of laminin. But beyond stating the necessity of laminin, organoid-laminin interactions have gone largely unstudied, as this ubiquitous requirement of exogenous laminin hinders investigation. In this work, we exploit a fast stress relaxing, boronate ester based synthetic hydrogel for the culture of intestinal organoids, and fortuitously discover that unlike all other synthetic hydrogels to date, laminin does not need to be supplemented for crypt formation. This highly defined material provides a unique opportunity to investigate laminin-organoid interactions and how it influences crypt evolution and organoid function. Via fluorescent labeling of non-canonical amino acids, we further show that adaptable boronate ester bonds increase deposition of nascent proteins, including laminin. Collectively, these results advance the understanding of how mechanical and matricellular signaling influence intestinal organoid development.
VISUALIZING GAUSSIAN-CHAIN LIKE STRUCTURAL MODELS OF HUMAN α-SYNUCLEIN IN MONOMERIC PRE-FIBRILLAR STATE: SOLUTION SAXS DATA AND MODELING ANALYSIS
Authors: Dey Madhumita , Gupta Arpit , Badmalia Maulik D. , Ashish  , Sharma Deepak 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHere, using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data profile as reference, we attempted to visualize conformational ensemble accessible prefibrillar monomeric state of α-synuclein in solution. In agreement with previous reports, our analysis also confirmed that α-synuclein molecules adopted disordered shape profile under non-associating conditions. Chain-ensemble modeling protocol with dummy residues provided two weighted averaged clusters of semi-extended shapes. Further, Ensemble Optimization Method (EOM) computed mole fractions of semi-extended “twisted” conformations which might co-exist in solution. Since these were only Cαtraces of the models, ALPHAFOLD2 server was used to search for all-atom models. Comparison with experimental data showed all predicted models disagreed equally, as individuals. Finally, we employed molecular dynamics simulations and normal mode analysis-based search coupled with SAXS data to seek better agreeing models. Overall, our analysis concludes that a shifting equilibrium of curved models with low α-helical content best-represents non-associating monomeric α-synuclein.
Pre-implantation genome-wide methylation enables environmental adaptation in a social meso-carnivore
Authors: Hung Tin Hang , Tsai Ming-shan , Newman Chris , Macdonald David W. , Buesching Christina D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany wild populations are increasingly stressed by rapid climatic change. While behavioural plasticity can enable limited tactical adaptive responses, standing genetic variation limits the species’ capacity to respond to climate change velocity. Epigenetic modification may provide a more rapid and plastic adaptive mechanism, but has been little studied in wild-living animals. Here we investigated CpG methylation during the pre-natal and early-life development of 95 European badger cubs between 2003 and 2011). During 10-months of delayed pre-implantation variability in precipitation between previous year’s February and April was the top determinant of methylation patterns among neonates, followed by mean temperature and temperature variability. Among the 4,641 significant weather-associated CpG sites, most occurred in the 47S rDNA region. Methylation of 47S rDNA was also associated with early-life weight, implying a mechanism that relays environmental stress to phenotypic stress. We also detected evidence for predictive adaptive response. Among the 1,641 CpG sites associated with early-life weight, pathways were associated with early-life growth, immune regulation, and to the development of aggression for competitive access to weather-limited food resources were over-represented. We conclude that a species’ epigenetics can have an important role in adaptive plasticity to environmental changes with important implications for biodiversity conservation and management.
Temporal-spatially metabolic reprogramming rewires the H3K27ac landscape to enable the initiation of liver regeneration
Authors: Zheng Qi , Li Xiaojiaoyang , Xu Zhenyu , Cai Yajie , Li Fanghong , Xue Xiaoyong , Li Shuo , Sun Rong , Fan Guifang , Wu Jianzhi , Qu Jiaorong , Liu Runping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe liver possesses extensive regenerative capacity. Nevertheless, the most proximal events driving the transition from quiescent to proliferative hepatocytes remain largely elusive. Using the combination of spatiotemporal metabolomics and transcriptomics, our study mapped out the temporal-spatial landscape of metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic remodeling, and transcriptomic rewiring from 3 to 12 hours post-partial hepatectomy. Specifically, we identified a profound metabolic shift towards hyperactive fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and suppressed phospholipid biosynthesis during the preparation phase of liver regeneration, which were surprisingly reversed afterwards. FAO-dependent accumulation of Acetyl-CoA particularly remodeled H3K27ac landscape. These metabolic reprograming and epigenetic regulation were spatially specific, aligning with the zonation of hepatocyte proliferation. Blocking FAO in etomoxir-treated or hepatocyte-specificCpt1aknockout mice, suppressing Acetyl-CoA biosynthesis, and inhibiting histone acetyltransferase all resulted in lethal liver regeneration deficiency. CUT&Tag analysis further revealed that the reshaping of H3K27ac profiles favored the transcription of genes associated with cell cycle transition and mitosis, and rewired the metabolic gene network. Collectively, we highlight a previously underappreciated role of FAO in epigenetic remodeling that is essential for the initiation of liver regeneration, offering exciting opportunity for the rescue of regeneration-deficient livers.Graphical Abstract
Body oscillations reduce the aerodynamic power requirement of wild silkmoth flight
Authors: Sikandar Usama Bin , Aiello Brett R. , Sponberg Simon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInsects show diverse flight kinematics and morphologies reflecting their evolutionary histories and ecological adaptations. Many silkmoths utilizing low wingbeat frequencies and large wings to fly display body oscillations: Their bodies pitch and bob periodically – synchronized with their wing flapping cycle. Similar oscillations in butterflies augment weight support and thrust and reduce flight power requirements. However, how the instantaneous body and wing kinematics interact for these beneficial aerodynamic and power consequences is not well understood. We hypothesized that the body oscillations affect aerodynamic power requirements by influencing the wing rotation relative to the airflow. Using three-dimensional forward flight video recordings of four silkmoth species and a quasi-steady blade-element aerodynamic method, we found that the body pitch angle and the wing sweep angle maintain a narrow range of phase differences to enhance the angle of attack variation between each half-stroke due to enhanced wing rotation relative to the airflow. This redirects the aerodynamic force to increase upward and forward force during downstroke and upstroke respectively thus lowering the overall drag without compromising weight support and forward thrust. A reduction in energy expenditure is beneficial because adult silkmoths do not feed and rely on limited energy budgets.