bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenomics reveals surprising sets of essential and dispensable clades of MIKCc‐group MADS‐box genes in flowering plants
Authors: Gramzow Lydia , Theißen Günter 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTMIKCC‐group MADS‐box genes are involved in the control of many developmental processes in flowering plants. All of these genes are members of one of 17 clades that had already been established in the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of extant angiosperms. These clades trace back to 11 seed plant‐specific superclades that were present in the MRCA of extant seed plants. Due to their important role in plant development and evolution, the origin of the clades of MIKCC‐group genes has been studied in great detail. In contrast, whether any of these ancestral clades has ever been lost completely in any species has not been investigated so far. Here, we determined the presence of these clades by BLAST, PSI‐BLAST, and Hidden Markov Model searches and by phylogenetic methods in the whole genomes of 27 flowering plants. Our data suggest that there are only three superclades of which all members have been lost in at least one of the investigated flowering plant species, and only few additional losses of angiosperm‐specific MIKCC‐group gene clades could be identified. Remarkably, for one seed plant superclade (TM8‐like genes) and one angiosperm clade (FLC‐like genes), multiple losses were identified, suggesting that the function of these genes is dispensable or that gene loss might have even been adaptive. The clades of MIKCC‐group genes that have never been wiped out in any of the investigated species comprises, in addition to the expected floral organ identity genes, also TM3‐like (SOC1‐like), StMADS11‐like (SVP‐like), AGL17‐like and GGM13‐like (Bsister) genes, suggesting that these genes are more important for angiosperm development and evolution than has previously been appreciated. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 353–362, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiparametric analysis of bone marrow in cancer patients using simultaneous PET/MR imaging: Correlation of fat fraction, diffusivity, metabolic activity, and anthropometric data
Authors: Schraml Christina , Schmid Marinus , Gatidis Sergios , Schmidt Holger , la Fougère Christian , Nikolaou Konstantin , Schwenzer Nina F. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundTo analyze the regional composition of bone marrow (BM) in correlation with metabolic activity and diffusivity using simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET)/MRI.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 18F‐FDG‐PET/MR scans of 110 patients was performed. A three‐dimensional gradient‐echo sequence with Dixon‐based fat–water separation was used for fat quantification. Dixon images, diffusion‐weighted images (DWI) and 18F‐FDG‐PET were co‐registered. Mean values of fat fraction (FF), standardized uptake value (SUV), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of BM were measured in different anatomical regions. Correlation of FF, SUV, and ADC and association of BM fat content and metabolic activity with anthropometric data was analyzed (Pearson). BM fat content and metabolic activity was compared in patients with and without chemotherapy (t‐test).ResultsRegional differences in BM were found with highest fat content (93 ± 8%) and lowest ADC (0.22 ± 0.18 × 10−3 mm2/s) in the peripheral skeleton and highest SUV in the spine (1.77 ± 0.6). There was a significant inverse correlation between FF and SUV (r = −0.73; P < 0.0001) and a significant inverse correlation between FF and ADC (r = −0.62; P < 0.0001). In patients with chemotherapy, a tendency to higher fat content and lower metabolic activity was observed in the proximal skeleton, although no statistical significance was reached.ConclusionBM shows distinct regional variations in FF, SUV, and ADC. The inverse correlation of FF and SUV in BM suggests that BM adipose tissue does not have a comparable high metabolic activity as brown adipose tissue. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1048–1056.
The role of general nuclear medicine in breast cancer
Authors: Greene Lacey R. , Wilkinson Deborah 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe rising incidence of breast cancer worldwide has prompted many improvements to current care. Routine nuclear medicine is a major contributor to a full gamut of clinical studies such as early lesion detection and stratification; guiding, monitoring, and predicting response to therapy; and monitoring progression, recurrence or metastases. Developments in instrumentation such as the high‐resolution dedicated breast device coupled with the diagnostic versatility of conventional cameras have reinserted nuclear medicine as a valuable tool in the broader clinical setting. This review outlines the role of general nuclear medicine, concluding that targeted radiopharmaceuticals and versatile instrumentation position nuclear medicine as a powerful modality for patients with breast cancer.
Hot Central‐European summer of 2013 in a long‐term context
Authors: Lhotka Ondřej , Kyselý Jan 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe European summer of 2013 was characterized by very high temperatures that established a new historical maximum in Austria. The extremity of this summer in Europe is assessed based on the E‐OBS and ECA&D data sets. At the continental scale, it is ranked as the fifth warmest summer since 1951, with large positive temperature anomalies over Central Europe. According to seasonal heat wave characteristics, the 2013 summer was unprecedented in Kremsmuenster and Graz (both Austria) and ranked as the second or third at other stations with at least 100 years of measurements in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia and Slovenia. The most intense 2013 heat wave over Central Europe in early August was driven primarily by anticyclonic conditions and was probably amplified by the preceding precipitation deficit. In combination with major flooding in the Danube and Elbe river basins in early June and severe convective storms at the end of July, the hot 2013 summer in Central Europe may represent an analogue of a future summer climate that will probably be more prone to both temperature and precipitation extremes.
Interannual summer streamflow variability over Romania and its connection to large‐scale atmospheric circulation
Authors: Ionita M. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, the spatial and temporal variability of summer (June–July–August, JJA) streamflow over Romania, as recorded at 46 hydrological stations over the period 1935–2010 is analysed. An empirical orthogonal function analysis and a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) were used to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of summer streamflow and its relationship with large‐scale atmospheric factors. The dominant summer mode captures in‐phase variability of river flow anomalies over the entire country, while the second mode of variability is characterized by a northwest–southeast dipole, emphasizing the influence of topography over the streamflow variability. Based on a CCA analysis, more than 50% of the summer streamflow variability is shown to be influenced by cloud cover and summer temperatures, via the modulation of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. In general, positive (negative) streamflow anomalies, at country level, are associated with cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation, the advection of moist (warm and dry) air, enhanced (reduced) precipitation and positive (negative) cloud cover anomalies.
Perspectives on CMIP5 model performance in the Nile River headwaters regions
Authors: Bhattacharjee Partha S. , Zaitchik Benjamin F. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTRanking the performance of global climate models (GCMs) is a notoriously difficult exercise. Multi‐model comparison studies nearly always show that each model has strengths and weaknesses relative to others, and for many purposes the multi‐model ensemble mean delivers better estimates than any individual model. Nevertheless, in regions like East Africa, where there is little consensus between models on the magnitude or sign of 21st century precipitation change, the multi‐model ensemble mean approach to climate projection provides little value for adaptation planning. Here, we consider several possible frameworks for model evaluation and ranking, and assess the differences in performance of a subset of models participating in the 5th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) according to each framework. Our test case is precipitation in the Nile River headwaters regions. We find that there is little consistency in the relative performance of models across frameworks based on amount and seasonality of precipitation, interannual precipitation variability, precipitation teleconnections, and continental scale climate patterns. These analyses offer some guidance on which GCMs are most likely to provide meaningful results for specific applications, but they caution that any effort to select ‘best performing’ GCMs for the Nile River basin must carefully consider the purposes for which GCMs are being selected.
Wnt/β‐catenin signaling of cartilage canal and osteochondral junction chondrocytes and full thickness cartilage in early equine osteochondrosis
Authors: Kinsley Marc A. , Semevolos Stacy A. , Duesterdieck‐Zellmer Katja F. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to elucidate gene and protein expression of Wnt signaling molecules in chondrocytes of foals having early osteochondrosis (OC) versus normal controls. The hypothesis was that increased expression of components of Wnt signaling pathway in osteochondral junction (OCJ) and cartilage canal (CC) chondrocytes would be found in early OC when compared to controls. Paraffin‐embedded osteochondral samples (7 OC, 8 normal) and cDNA from whole cartilage (7 OC, 10 normal) and chondrocytes surrounding cartilage canals and osteochondral junctions captured with laser capture microdissection (4 OC, 6 normal) were obtained from femoropatellar joints of 17 immature horses. Equine‐specific Wnt signaling molecule mRNA expression levels were evaluated by two‐step real‐time qPCR. Spatial tissue protein expression of β‐catenin, Wnt‐11, Wnt‐4, and Dkk‐1 was determined by immunohistochemistry. There was significantly decreased Wnt‐11 and increased β‐catenin, Wnt‐5b, Dkk‐1, Lrp6, Wif‐1, Axin1, and SC‐PEP gene expression in early OC cartilage canal chondrocytes compared to controls. There was also significantly increased β‐catenin gene expression in early OC osteochondral junction chondrocytes compared to controls. Based on this study, abundant gene expression differences in OC chondrocytes surrounding cartilage canals suggest pathways associated with catabolism and inhibition of chondrocyte maturation are targeted in early OC pathogenesis. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1433–1438, 2015.
Local application of a proteasome inhibitor enhances fracture healing in rats
Authors: Yoshii Toshitaka , Nyman Jeffry S. , Yuasa Masato , Esparza Javier M. , Okawa Atsushi , Gutierrez Gloria E. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe ubiquitin/proteasome system plays an important role in regulating the activity of osteoblast precursor cells. Proteasome inhibitors (PSIs) have been shown to stimulate the differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells and to promote bone formation. This raises the possibility that PSIs might be useful for enhancing fracture healing. In this study, we examined the effect of the local administration of PSI on fracture repair in rats. The effects of treatment on the healing of a fractured femur were assessed based on radiographs, micro‐computed tomography (μCT) analysis, biomechanical testing, and histological analysis. PSI enhanced osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow‐ and periosteum‐derived mesenchymal progenitor cells in vitro. Moreover, the local administration of PSI in vivo promoted fracture healing in rats, as demonstrated by an increased fracture callus volume in radiographs at 2 weeks post‐fracture, and improved radiographic scores. By week 4, PSI treatment had enhanced biomechanical strength and mineral density in the callus as assessed using bending tests, and μCT, respectively. Histological sections demonstrated that PSI treatment accelerated endochondral ossification during the early stages of fracture repair. Although further investigations are necessary to assess its clinical use, the local administration of PSIs might be a novel, and effective therapeutic approach for fracture repair. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1197–1204, 2015.
Tendon regeneration and scar formation: The concept of scarless healing
Authors: Galatz Leesa M. , Gerstenfeld Louis , Heber‐Katz Ellen , Rodeo Scott A. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTTendon healing is characterized by the formation of fibrovascular scar tissue, as tendon has very little intrinsic regenerative capacity. This creates a substantial clinical challenge in the setting of large, chronic tears seen clinically. Interest in regenerative healing seen in amphibians and certain strains of mice has arisen in response to the biological behavior of tendon tissue. Bone is also a model of tissue regeneration as healing bone will achieve the mechanical and histologic characteristics of the original tissue. The ultimate goal of the study of genes and mechanisms that contribute to true tissue regeneration is to ultimately attempt to manipulate the expression of those genes and activate these mechanisms in the setting of tendon injury and repair. Clearly, further research is needed to bring this to the forefront, however, study of scarless healing has potential to have meaningful application to tendon healing. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:823–831, 2015.
Phytoecdysteroids and flavonoid glycosides among Chilean and commercial sources of Chenopodium quinoa: variation and correlation to physico‐chemical characteristics
Authors: Graf Brittany L , Rojo Leonel E , Delatorre‐Herrera Jose , Poulev Alexander , Calfio Camila , Raskin Ilya 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDLittle is known about varietal differences in the content of bioactive phytoecdysteroids (PE) and flavonoid glycosides (FG) from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). The aim of this study was to determine the variation in PE and FG content among 17 distinct quinoa sources and identify correlations to genotypic (highland vs. lowland) and physico‐chemical characteristics (seed color, 100‐seed weight, protein content, oil content).RESULTSPE and FG concentrations exhibited over four‐fold differences across quinoa sources, ranging from 138 ± 11 µg g−1 to 570 ± 124 µg g−1 total PE content and 192 ± 24 µg g−1 to 804 ± 91 µg g−1 total FG content. Mean FG content was significantly higher in highland Chilean varieties (583.6 ± 148.9 µg g−1) versus lowland varieties (228.2 ± 63.1 µg g−1) grown under the same environmental conditions (P = 0.0046; t‐test). Meanwhile, PE content was positively and significantly correlated with oil content across all quinoa sources (r = 0.707, P = 0.002; Pearson correlation).CONCLUSIONFG content may be genotypically regulated in quinoa. PE content may be increased via enhancement of oil content. These findings may open new avenues for the improvement and development of quinoa as a functional food. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Microbial release of ferulic and p‐coumaric acids from forages and their digestibility in lactating cows fed total mixed rations with different forage combinations
Authors: Cao Bin‐Bin , Jin Xin , Yang Hong‐Jian , Li Sheng‐Li , Jiang Lin‐Shu 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDFerulic acid (FA) and p‐coumaric acid (PCA) are widely distributed in graminaceous plant cell walls. This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo digestibility of ester‐linked FA (FAest) and PCA (PCAest) in lactating dairy cows.RESULTSRegarding corn stover, ensiled corn stover, whole corn silage, Chinese wild ryegrass and alfalfa hay with different phenolic acid profiles, the in vitro rumen digestibility of forage FAest and PCAest was negatively correlated with the ether‐linked FA content and original PCA/FA ratio in the forages. The concentration of both phenolic acids in culture fluids was low after a 72 h incubation, and the mixed rumen microorganisms metabolized nearly all phenolic acids released into the culture fluids. FAest digestibility in the whole digestive tract was negatively correlated with dietary PCA/FA ratio, but a converse result occurred with dietary PCAest digestibility. The digestibility in either the rumen or the whole digestive tract was greater for FAest than for PCAest.CONCLUSIONForage PCAest in comparison with FAest is not easily digested in either the rumen or the whole digestive tract, and they were negatively affected by forage FAeth content and lignification extent indicated by the original dietary PCA/FA ratio. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Mini invasive transoral approach to the glenoid fossa: Benign lesion removal using endoscopy
Authors: Valentini Valentino , Giovannetti Filippo , Priore Paolo , Raponi Ingrid , Terenzi Valentina , Cassoni Andrea 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveWe describe an endoscopic transoral approach for treating benign lesions of the glenoid fossa with or without infratemporal fossa involvement.Study DesignDescription and validation of surgical technique on living humans.MethodsExcision of benign lesions arising from the glenoid fossa was achieved in five patients through a transoral endoscopic approach. Using 0‐ and 45‐degree angled 4‐mm optics, the entire middle skull base and infratemporal fossa were explored without damaging the nearby neurovascular structures.ResultsThree of the five patients had complete removal of osteochondroma. In the remaining two patients, the lesion removed was diagnosed as osteoma. In one patient, postoperative numbness of the alveolar nerve was observed. No infections were reported. The surgical approach utilized was determined to be valid not only for glenoid fossa exposure but also for management of the middle skull base and infratemporal fossa.ConclusionThe described approach to the glenoid fossa offers direct and minimally invasive access to benign lesions within this region. Further use of this approach will allow us to determine its potential in treating malignancies.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:2054–2057, 2015
Bone conduction noise exposure via ventilators in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Kazemizadeh Gol Mohammad Abraham , Black Angela , Sidman James 
Published: February 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo demonstrate that neonatal ventilators can expose patients to high noise levels through bone conduction (BC) as well as air conduction (AC).Study DesignObservational study.MethodsThree ventilators and various settings on a positive airway pressure machine (continuous, high bilevel, and low bilevel pressure) were tested. A sound level meter was used to measure the noise levels at a set distance from the ventilator to represent AC, on the ventilator circuit to represent BC at the alveolus, and within the ventilator circuit.ResultsThe BC sound levels (74.1, 81.1, 86, 89.2 dBC) were significantly higher than the AC sound levels (72.8, 72.9, 70, 71.7 dBC) for the jet ventilator, continuous positive airway pressure setting, low bilevel setting, and high bilevel setting, respectively (P < .001). The sound level within the ventilator circuit ranged from 94.9 to 113.2 dBC depending on the machine/setting and was significantly louder than both AC or BC for all machines/settings (P < .001).ConclusionsThere are concerning ventilator dependent noise levels present on and within ventilation circuitry that could be presented to the infant via BC.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:2388–2392, 2015
Sinonasal organized Hematoma: Clinical features of seventeen cases and a systematic review
Authors: Choi Soo Jung , Seo Sung Tae , Rha Ki‐Sang , Kim Yong Min 
Published: February 2015

Objectives/HypothesisOrganized hematoma (OH) is a rare non‐neoplastic disease. We studied the clinical characteristics of 17 patients with sinonasal OH and those of 75 cases in the English literature.Study DesignRetrospective review of medical records and systematic review of the literature on OH.MethodsComprehensive review of the English‐language literature on OH was performed. We screened all eligible cases based on initial features, and 75 eligible cases found in 15 publications were analyzed. We also retrospectively analyzed and compared medical records of 17 patients diagnosed with pathologically proven sinonasal OH. Data such as demographics, clinical characteristics, pathologic features, radiologic findings, treatment modalities, and follow‐up results were compared to the 75 previously mentioned cases.ResultsFifteen cases involved the maxillary sinus, one case involved the frontal sinus, and one case involved the sphenoid sinus. There were six patients over 60 years old, and all were taking an antiplatelet agent. The paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) of seven patients showed bony destruction of the involved sinus. A review of the available literature revealed mostly similar results with our cases, except for the proportion of patients taking aspirin (5.3%) and sex distribution (male:female = 49:25).ConclusionsWe reported 17 cases of OH, including a case of frontal sinus and a case of sphenoid sinus lesion. A large proportion of OH patients had bony destruction of the affected sinus on CT. In these patients, a careful diagnosis should be made to distinguish them from a malignant tumor or other expansile diseases.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:2027–2033, 2015
Microscopic characteristics of round window problems in otology
Authors: Choo Young Bin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRound window membrane ruptures and perilymph leakage can present the complication or concomitant of sudden deafness and barotrauma. Pathological involvement of the round window membrane can occur in many otological diseases such as otosclerosis, otitis media, tumors, etc. Microscopic manipulations might result in an inadvertent round window membrane lesion and cochlear deafness. In recent years purposeful surgical lesions, including procedures for vertigo and cochlear implant surgery, are being made in the round window membrane. Examples of pathology involving the round window in human temporal bones are described. To understand better the clinical features of early round window rupture in humans, controlled punctuate lesions were made in 36 chinchilla ears and studied sequentially. Round window membrane healing occurred as early as 3 days post‐lesion, and was complete in all ears but 1 of the combined 7, 9 and 11‐day group. Healing occurred primarily as a result of middle ear epithelial ingrowth and mesothelial cell reaction in the adjacent perilymphatic space of the scala tympani. These cellular events are described and discussed from an histological and clinical point of view.
Combined treatment of head and neck vascular masses with preoperative embolization
Authors: Persky Mark S. , Berenstein Alex , Cohen Noel L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRecent advances with aggressive vascular radiologic techniques have altered the methods of treatment of head and neck vascular malformations. High resolution CT scanning and superselective angiography with subtraction technique is now capable of defining the extent of these lesions and demonstrating blood flow dynamics. Careful joint evaluation by the vascular radiologist and the head and neck surgeon is necessary for the proper treatment of these patients. Preoperative embolization of these lesions effectively reduces intraoperative blood loss and provides for better exposure in those patients ultimately undergoing resection of these masses. Careful selection of those cases that are amenable to total or subtotal excision, with adherence to specific criteria and goals, usually produces gratifying results.We present five patients who have undergone combined treatment of their head and neck vascular lesions. Our treatment protocol is reviewed and emphasis is placed on the integral part that the vascular radiologist assumes in the treatment of these patients.