bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public beliefs about the causes of obesity and attitudes towards policy initiatives in Great Britain
Authors: Beeken Rebecca J , Wardle Jane 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess attributions for overweight and the level of support for policy initiatives in Great Britain.DesignCross-sectional. Respondents indicated their agreement (5-point scales: strongly disagree to strongly agree) to three potential causes of overweight (environment, genes, willpower) and five policies (free weight-loss treatment, taxing unhealthy foods, healthy lifestyle campaigns, food labelling, advertising restrictions).SettingData were collected as part of a computer-assisted, face-to-face Omnibus survey of adults (aged >15 years) from across Great Britain in April 2012 carried out by a market research company.SubjectsA population-representative sample of British adults (n 1986).ResultsMore people attributed overweight to the food environment (61 %) and lack of willpower (57 %) than to genes (45 %). Policy support was highest for healthy lifestyle campaigns (71 %) and food labelling (66 %), and lowest for taxing unhealthy foods (32 %). Food environment attributions were associated with higher support for all policies (P < 0·001). Genetic attributions were associated with higher support for free weight-loss treatments and healthy lifestyle campaigns (P < 0·001), but not other policies. Attributions to lack of willpower were not associated differentially with support for any policies (P > 0·01).ConclusionsBelief that overweight is caused by the food environment or genes – both seen as outside individual control – was associated with greater support for government policies to prevent and treat obesity. Improving awareness of the multiple causes of obesity could facilitate acceptance of policy action to reduce obesity prevalence.
Diet quality in young adults and its association with food-related behaviours
Authors: Thorpe Maree G , Kestin Mark , Riddell Lynn J , Keast Russell SJ , McNaughton Sarah A 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the diet quality of a group of young adults and explore its associations with two food-related behaviours (involvement in meal preparation and consumption of commercially prepared meals).DesignCross-sectional study of young adults. Sample characteristics, food-related behaviours and dietary intake were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire including an FFQ. Diet quality was measured using the fifteen-item Dietary Guideline Index (DGI) designed to assess adherence to Australian dietary guidelines. One-way ANOVA, t tests and multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationships between DGI scores, sample characteristics and food-related behaviours.SettingUniversity students enrolled in an undergraduate nutrition class, Melbourne, Australia.SubjectsStudents (n 309) aged 18–36 years.ResultsThe DGI score was normally distributed, with a mean score of 93·4 (sd 17·1) points (range 51·9–127·4 points), out of a possible score of 150 points. In multivariate analyses adjusted for age, sex, nationality, BMI and maternal education, cooking meals for oneself was positively associated with DGI score (β = 0·15; 95 % CI 1·15, 10·03; P = 0·01); frequency of takeaway and frequency of convenience meal consumption were inversely associated with DGI score (β = −0·21; 95 % CI −9·96, −2·32; P = 0·002 and β = −0·16; 95 % CI −7·40, −0·97; P < 0·01, respectively).ConclusionsCooking meals for oneself was linked to higher diet quality among young adults, while consumption of commercially prepared meals was associated with poorer diet quality. Maintaining education programmes that promote cooking skills within young adults has the potential to improve DGI scores.
EXPLICIT INTERPOLATION BOUNDS BETWEEN HARDY SPACE AND
Authors: BUI H.-Q. , LAUGESEN R. S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEvery bounded linear operator that maps${H}^{1} $to${L}^{1} $and${L}^{2} $to${L}^{2} $is bounded from${L}^{p} $to${L}^{p} $for each$p\in (1, 2)$, by a famous interpolation result of Fefferman and Stein. We prove${L}^{p} $-norm bounds that grow like$O(1/ (p- 1))$as$p\downarrow 1$. This growth rate is optimal, and improves significantly on the previously known exponential bound$O({2}^{1/ (p- 1)} )$. For$p\in (2, \infty )$, we prove explicit${L}^{p} $estimates on each bounded linear operator mapping${L}^{\infty } $to bounded mean oscillation ($\mathit{BMO}$) and${L}^{2} $to${L}^{2} $. This$\mathit{BMO}$interpolation result implies the${H}^{1} $result above, by duality. In addition, we obtain stronger results by working with dyadic${H}^{1} $and dyadic$\mathit{BMO}$. The proofs proceed by complex interpolation, after we develop an optimal dyadic ‘good lambda’ inequality for the dyadic$\sharp $-maximal operator.
APPROXIMATE AMENABILITY OF SEGAL ALGEBRAS
Authors: ALAGHMANDAN MAHMOOD 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this paper we first show that for a locally compact amenable group$G$, every proper abstract Segal algebra of the Fourier algebra on$G$is not approximately amenable; consequently, every proper Segal algebra on a locally compact abelian group is not approximately amenable. Then using the hypergroup generated by the dual of a compact group, it is shown that all proper Segal algebras of a class of compact groups including the$2\times 2$special unitary group,$\mathrm{SU} (2)$, are not approximately amenable.
ACCESSIBLE SUBRINGS AND KUROSH’S CHAINS OF ASSOCIATIVE RINGS
Authors: ANDRUSZKIEWICZ RYSZARD R. , SOBOLEWSKA MAGDALENA 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article is devoted to the historical study of the ADS-problem with a special emphasis on the use of methods and techniques, emerging with the development of the theory of rings: accessible subrings, iterated maximal essential extensions of rings, completely normal rings. We construct new examples of classes for which Kurosh’s chain stabilizes at any given step. We recall the old nontrivial questions, and we pose a new one.
Agro-morphological variability of rice species collected from Niger
Authors: Sow Mounirou , Sido Amir , Laing Mark , Ndjiondjop Marie-Noelle 
Published: July 2013

Niger harbours a wealth of diversity of Africa's rice (Oryza glaberrima) and its related wild species. We therefore engaged in a collecting mission of rice species across growing regions and agrosystems in Niger. A total of 270 rice accessions were assembled, including 177 Asian rice (O. sativa) cultivars, 67 African rice landraces (O.glaberrima), 25 O. barthii and one O.longistaminata. We found most accessions (80.7%) along the Niger River and its tributary the Dallol Maouri. Many of the accessions, except those belonging to the wild O. barthii initially found around the Lake Chad region, were also collected along the Niger River. Drought, insects, birds, rice yellow mottle virus and bacterial blight were noted as major constraints on rice production. Accession naming by farmers was consistent within regions but seldom across regions. Based on the recorded agro-morphological traits, the germplasm was classified into three clusters: (1) O. longistaminata with floating African landraces and late-maturing floating Asian rice; (2) lowland O.barthii and African landraces; (3) a mixture of irrigated Asian rice with lowland accessions of both cultivated species. The phenotypic variability of the germplasm collection, as measured by the Shannon–Weaver diversity index, was relatively high (H′ = 0.69), with accessions in the irrigated agrosystem being less diverse than those in the traditional agrosystems. There was no significant difference in the magnitude of diversity between the main eco-geographical zones and between the clusters. However, some traits contributing the most to this diversity were different. This study suggested a substantial germplasm exchange between regions in Niger.
Peculiar behavior of solar polar fields during solar cycles 21-23: Correlation with meridional flow speed
Authors: Bisoi Susanta Kumar , Janardhan P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe have examined solar polar fields during the solar cycles 21–23 using both ground and space based synoptic magnetograms. It has been shown that the unsigned polar fields in the latitude range (78°–90°) show a steady decline starting ~1995–1996 till the maximum of cycle 23. We also find that the long term changes in the unsigned polar fields at higher latitudes are well correlated with changes in the surface meridional flow speed that have been reported for the cycle 23.
Magnetic network elements in solar cycle 23
Authors: Jin Chunlan , Wang Jingxiu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this report, we present our recent effort to understand the cyclic behavior of network magnetic elements based on the unique database from full-disk observations provided by Michelson Doppler Imager on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory in the interval including the entire cycle 23. The following results are unclosed. (1) The quiet regions dominate the solar magnetic flux for about 8 years in solar cycle 23, and from the solar minimum to maximum they contribute (0.94-1.44)×1023Mx flux to the solar photosphere. In the entire cycle 23, the magnetic flux of the quiet regions is 1.12 times that of active regions. The occupation ratio of quiet region flux equally characterizes the course of a solar cycle. (2) With the increasing magnetic flux per element, the variations of numbers and total flux of the network elements show three-fold scenario: no-correlation, anti-correlation, and correlation with sunspots, respectively. The anti-correlated elements covering the range of (3-32)×1018Mx occupy 77% of total element number and 37% of quiet Sun flux. (3) The time-latitude distribution of anti-correlated magnetic elements is out of phase with that of sunspots, while the correlated elements display the similar butterfly diagram of sunspots but with wider latitude distribution. These results imply that the correlated elements are the debris of decayed sunspots, and the source of anti-correlated elements is modulated by sunspot magnetic field.
The variations of solar magnetic networks over the solar cycle 23
Authors: Huang Chong , Yan Yihua , Deng Yuanyong , Zhang Yin , Tan Baolin , Li Gang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis work analyzed the morphologic properties of magnetic networks during Carrington Rotations (CRs) 1955 to 2091 by applying the watershed algorithm to magnetograms observed by the Michelson Doppler Interferometer on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft. We found that the magnetic networks are of fractal and the average fractal dimension is Df=1.253±0.011. We also find that both the fractal dimension and the size of magnetic networks are anti-correlated with the solar magnetic activity.
The escape of trapped electrons in the decay phase of solar flare
Authors: Huang Jing 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFrom the observations of radio and HXR bursts, the escape rate of energetic electrons trapped in the flare loops is studied based on the trap-plus-precipitation model for the kinematics of energetic electrons in solar flares. Coulomb collision is regarded as the main pitch angle scattering of trapped electrons in the decay phase of the event on 2004 December 1. The escape rate of trapped electrons decreases firstly and then increases, which indicates the evolution of the plasma density in the flare loops during the decay phase.
Evolution of magnetic field corresponding to X-ray brightening events in coronal holes and quiet Sun
Authors: Huang Zhenghua , Madjarska Maria , Doyle Gerry , Lamb Derek 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe study the magnetic field structure and evolution for 26 X-ray brightening events in coronal holes and quiet Sun regions, including bright points and jets. We found that all brightening events are associated with bipolar regions and caused by magnetic flux emergence followed by cancellation. The emission fluctuations seen in the X-ray bright points are associated with reoccurring magnetic cancellation in the footpoints. An X-ray jet presents similar magnetic behaviour in the footpoints but its magnetic flux cancellation rate is much higher than in the bright point. Comparing coronal holes and the quiet Sun, we do not find differences in their corresponding magnetic field behavior.
Large scale magnetic helicity fluxes estimated from MDI magnetic synoptic charts
Authors: Yang Shangbin , Zhang Hongqi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTo investigate the characteristics of large scale and long term evolution of magnetic helicity with solar cycles, we use the method of Local Correlation Tracking (LCT) to estimate the magnetic helicity evolution over the 23rd solar cycle from 1996 to 2009 by using 795 MDI magnetic synoptic charts. The main results are: the hemispheric helicity rule still holds in general, i.e. the large-scale negative (positive) magnetic helicity dominates the northern (southern) hemisphere. However, the large scale magnetic helicity fluxes show the same sign in both hemispheres around 2001 and 2005. The global, large scale magnetic helicity flux over the solar disk changes from negative value at the beginning of the 23rd solar cycle to positive value at the end of the cycle, which also shows the similar trend from the normalized magnetic flux by using the magnetic flux. The net accumulated magnetic helicity is negative in the period between 1996 and 2009.
Mechanisms of planetary and stellar dynamos
Authors: Dormy Emmanuel , Petitdemange Ludovic , Schrinner Martin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe review some of the recent progress on modeling planetary and stellar dynamos. Particular attention is given to the dynamo mechanisms and the resulting properties of the field. We present direct numerical simulations using a simple Boussinesq model. These simulations are interpreted using the classical mean-field formalism. We investigate the transition from steady dipolar to multipolar dynamo waves solutions varying different control parameters, and discuss the relevance to stellar magnetic fields. We show that owing to the role of the strong zonal flow, this transition is hysteretic. In the presence of stress-free boundary conditions, the bistability extends over a wide range of parameters.
Chemical composition of photospheres in RS CVn stars
Authors: Tautvaišienė G. , Barisevičius G. , Berdyugina S. , Ilyin I. , Chorniy Y. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn order to investigate how magnetic activity influences a stellar evolution, we undertake a detailed study of photospheric abundances in a sample of RS CVn stars. Using the Nordic Optical Telescope we investigate abundances of more than 20 chemical elements, including carbon isotopes, nitrogen and other mixing-sensitive species. In this presentation we report on current results of the analysis, among which there are first evidences that extra-mixing processes may start acting in low-mass chromospherically active stars below a bump of the luminosity function of red giants.
NIR polarimetry as a probe of the large-scale structure of the galactic magnetic field
Authors: Pavel Michael D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractH-band (1.6 μm) starlight polarimetry was used to test predictions of the large-scale symmetry of the Galactic magnetic field and to measure the Galactic magnetic pitch angle. Polarimetry was obtained with the Mimir instrument on the 1.8m Perkins Telescope outside of Flagstaff, AZ USA along a line of constant Galactic longitude for a range of Galactic latitudes. Comparison with all-sky predictions of starlight polarimetry allows significant rejection of disk anti-symmetric Galactic magnetic field geometries and favored disk symmetric geometries. The Galactic magnetic field pitch angle was also constrained to be p=–6±2° towards this direction.
Starspot detection and properties
Authors: Savanov I. S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractI review the currently available techniques for the starspots detection including the one-dimensional spot modelling of photometric light curves. Special attention will be paid to the modelling of photospheric activity based on the high-precision light curves obtained with space missions MOST, CoRoT, and Kepler. Physical spot parameters (temperature, sizes and variability time scales including short-term activity cycles) are discussed.
Current helicity constraints in solar dynamo models
Authors: Sokoloff D. , Zhang H. , Moss D. , Kleeorin N. , Kuzanyan K. , Rogachevski I. , Gao Yu , Xu H. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe investigate to what extent the current helicity distribution observed in solar active regions is compatible with solar dynamo models. We use an advanced 2D mean-field dynamo model with dynamo action largely concentrated near the bottom of the convective zone, and dynamo saturation based on the evolution of the magnetic helicity and algebraic quenching. For comparison, we also studied a more basic 2D mean-field dynamo model with simple algebraic alpha quenching only. Using these numerical models we obtain butterfly diagrams for both the small-scale current helicity and the large-scale magnetic helicity, and compare them with the butterfly diagram for the current helicity in active regions obtained from observations. This comparison shows that the current helicity of active regions, as estimated by −A·B evaluated at the depth from which the active region arises, resembles the observational data much better than the small-scale current helicity calculated directly from the helicity evolution equation. Here B and A are respectively the dynamo generated mean magnetic field and its vector potential.
Statistical characteristics of horizontal proper motions in the vicinity of pores
Authors: Verma Meetu , Denker Carsten 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMovement and coalescence of magnetic elements could explain the evolution and growth of pores. There have been numerous studies focusing on flow fields in and around individual pores. We have undertaken a systematic study of the statistical properties of such flows. Data of the Hinode Solar Optical Telescope offer an opportunity for this type of research, because of the uniform data quality and absence of seeing so that pores can directly be compared in different environments and at various stages of their evolution. We analyzed about 220 time-series of G-band images using local correlation tracking. The thus computed flow maps make up a database, which covers various scenes on the solar surface. We use an isolated pore to illustrate the statistical parameters collected for further statistical analyses, which include information about morphology, horizontal flows, evolutionary stage (young, mature, or decaying), complexity of the surrounding magnetic field, and proximity to sunspots or cluster of G-band bright points.
The flow helicity in quasi-orderedcellular convection
Authors: Getling A. V. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe helicity of cellular convective flows in a horizontal layer of compressible fluid (gas) heated from below and rotating about a vertical axis is studied using finite-difference numerical simulations. The medium is assumed to be polytropically stratified. An initial thermal perturbation is introduced so as to produce a system of Bénard-type hexagonal convection cells. The flow gradually becomes less ordered, and the mean helicity grows initially and decreases sharply after the substantial chaotisation of the flow. Given the Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers, the maximum value reached by the mean helicity increases with the decrease of the polytrope index and has a maximum at a certain rotational velocity of the layer.
Knotty invariants: structure and evolution of magnetized fluids
Authors: Roth Ilan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIt is conjectured that magnetic configurations may be characterized by the embedded invariants which are extracted from their topological textures. Hence, experimentally observed magnetic structures can be classified by the invariants of the elementary building blocks of the 3-D structures - prime knots. These unique invariants may describe the magnetic configurations in ion drop-outs in solar impulsive events, in photospheric flux ropes carried into the interplanetary medium by the solar wind, and can affect the decay rates for complex magnetic configurations.
On the magnetic flux conservation in the partially ionized plasma
Authors: Tsap Yuriy 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOhm, Hall, and ambipolar diffusions in the partially ionized plasma are considered. The statement of Pandey & Wardle (2011,2012) that only Ohmic diffusion is capable of destroying the magnetic flux is not sufficiently correct due to the formal dependence of the magnetic diffusion on a frame of reference.
Advances in mean-field dynamo theories
Authors: Pipin V. V. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe give a short introduction to the subject and review advances in understanding the basic ingredients of the mean-field dynamo theory. The discussion includes the recent analytic and numerical work in developments for the mean electromotive force of the turbulent flows and magnetic field, the nonlinear effects of the magnetic helicity, the non-local generation effects in the dynamo. We give an example of the mean-field solar dynamo model that incorporates the fairly complete expressions for the mean-electromotive force, the subsurface shear layer and the conservation of the total helicity. The model is used to shed light on the issues in the solar dynamo and on the future development of this field of research.
Geometrical information on the solar shape: high precision results with SDO/HMI
Authors: Wang Xiaofan , Sigismondi Costantino 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe uncertainty of measurement of solar diameter is depending on the observational time scale. Full-disc images of SDO/HMI and the images from ground observations in Huairou Solar Observing Station have been analyzed to get the values of solar diameter. The satellite observations reach a very high precision, but the absolute image scale still need to be calibrated. The solar oblateness is a more challenging measurement than the diameter, since the signal amplitude is a few milli-arcseconds. It is a relative measurement, then not affected by the pixel scale calibration required by the diameter measurement. But the results are strongly dependent on the state of instrument such as focus plane deformation and on the calculation process.
A simulation of imaging capabilities for the Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph
Authors: Du Jing , Yan Yihua , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis work applied Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph(CSRH) to simulate the quiet Sun to produce the radio image. Then, we simulate a point source, and make all antennas have a typical phase error(5°) to calculate the dynamic range. It is found that the dynamic range agrees with the theoretical value. The image processing and simulated results are presented.
Generalization of the Neupert effect over the solar flare plasma cooling
Authors: Awasthi Arun Kumar , Jain Rajmal 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe investigate 10 M-class flares observed by the SOXS mission to study the influence of the solar flare plasma cooling on the Neupert effect. We study the temporal evolution of 1s cadence X-ray emission in 7-10 keV and 10-30 keV representing the SXR and HXR emission respectively. We model the cooling as a function of time by the ratio of time-derivative of SXR with the HXR flux. We report that the ratio is exponentially decaying in rise phase of the flare, which, however, saturates after the impulsive phase. We estimate the cooling time scale in the rise phase for the flares and found to be varying between 39 and 525 s.