bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPROVING WATER PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH MICRO‐IRRIGATION IN ARID PUNJAB REGIONS
Authors: Kumar Satyendra , Singh Rajbir , Kaledhonkar M. J. , Nangare D. D. , Kumar Ashwani 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTInadequate water supply in a canal command area is a major limiting factor for sustainable crop production, as well as for adoption of crop diversification options. Shifting from conventional (surface) irrigation to micro‐irrigation in conjunction with an auxiliary reservoir is a possible alternative for managing irrigation water shortages. The auxiliary reservoir provides a reliable water supply for the micro‐irrigation system during the period when the canal system is not operational. To study the techno‐economic feasibility of a proposed technological package, an auxiliary reservoir of 1500 m3 capacity was constructed at the Research Farm of Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Abohar, India, which received a canal supply from an outlet of the Panjawa minor of the Abohar distributory of the Sirhind canal system. Drip irrigation was used to irrigate kinnow (Citrus reticulata Blanco.), guava (Psidium guajava L.), pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) and capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.). Drip and micro‐sprinkler both were used for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.). These crops were also grown with surface irrigation methods (border or furrow depending upon the crop) as control. Results of the study indicated that the interventions were able to save a substantial amount of irrigation water (3–46%) compared to surface methods, along with higher yields, a doubling of water productivity and more profits per mm of irrigation water. The study clearly showed that micro‐irrigation in conjunction with an auxiliary reservoir should be recommended in canal‐irrigated commands in order to improve water productivity and farmers' income in arid regions of Punjab. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Do We (Need to) Know About the Melatonin in Crustaceans?
Authors: Sainath S.B. , Swetha CH. , Reddy P. Sreenivasula 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTMelatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxy‐tryptamine) was first discovered from the bovine pineal gland extract in 1958. Since then, its synthesis, metabolism, physiological, and patho‐physiological functions are well studied in vertebrates; there is an increasing recognition of melatonin in invertebrates and especially in crustaceans. The presence of melatonin in crustaceans is now well documented and some functional aspects in the framework of crustacean biology have been demonstrated. This review aims at giving a comprehensive overview of the various physiological events regulated by this pleiotropic hormone. Topics include: glucose homeostasis, regulation of reproduction, molting, limb regeneration, and antioxidant properties. Finally, perspectives on current and possible research are offered. J. Exp. Zool. 319A: 365–377, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Towards compression‐sensitive magnetic resonance elastography of the liver: Sensitivity of harmonic volumetric strain to portal hypertension
Authors: Hirsch Sebastian , Guo Jing , Reiter Rolf , Schott Eckart , Büning Carsten , Somasundaram Rajan , Braun Jürgen , Sack Ingolf , Kroencke Thomas J. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo assess induced oscillating volumetric strain as a biomarker for intrahepatic blood pressure abnormalities.Materials and MethodsHarmonic vibrations of 25 and 50 Hz frequency were induced in the liver and measured by fast 3D vector field magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), followed by processing of the decomposed curl (shear) and divergence (compression) fields. After an initial study on an excised sheep liver, a group of 13 patients with hepatic hypertension were examined before and after implantation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).ResultsIn the sheep liver specimen, volumetric strain decreased with excess portal pressure, whereas shear strain was not sensitive to portal pressure. In the patient cohort, volumetric strain was significantly higher after TIPS placement (P = 1.38·10−5), while neither shear strain nor the shear modulus were affected. Normalized changes in volumetric strain were significantly correlated with the hepatic venous pressure gradient (R2 = 0.7258, P = 6.95·10−5) and portal venous pressure (R2 = 0.5028, P = 0.0016).ConclusionThese results indicate for the first time the sensitivity of volumetric strain to symptomatically high values of tissue pressure and motivate further developments in compression‐sensitive MRE and poroelastography towards image‐based and noninvasive markers of tissue pressure. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:298–306. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: A consensus update
Authors: Albanese Alberto , Bhatia Kailash , Bressman Susan B. , DeLong Mahlon R. , Fahn Stanley , Fung Victor S.C. , Hallett Mark , Jankovic Joseph , Jinnah Hyder A. , Klein Christine , Lang Anthony E. , Mink Jonathan W. , Teller Jan K. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis report describes the consensus outcome of an international panel consisting of investigators with years of experience in this field that reviewed the definition and classification of dystonia. Agreement was obtained based on a consensus development methodology during 3 in‐person meetings and manuscript review by mail. Dystonia is defined as a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive, movements, postures, or both. Dystonic movements are typically patterned and twisting, and may be tremulous. Dystonia is often initiated or worsened by voluntary action and associated with overflow muscle activation. Dystonia is classified along 2 axes: clinical characteristics, including age at onset, body distribution, temporal pattern and associated features (additional movement disorders or neurological features); and etiology, which includes nervous system pathology and inheritance. The clinical characteristics fall into several specific dystonia syndromes that help to guide diagnosis and treatment. We provide here a new general definition of dystonia and propose a new classification. We encourage clinicians and researchers to use these innovative definition and classification and test them in the clinical setting on a variety of patients with dystonia. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Intervertebral disc internal deformation measured by displacements under applied loading with MRI at 3T
Authors: Chan Deva D. , Neu Corey P. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeNoninvasive assessment of tissue mechanical behavior could enable insights into tissue function in healthy and diseased conditions and permit the development of effective tissue repair treatments. Measurement of displacements under applied loading with MRI (dualMRI) has the potential for such biomechanical characterization on a clinical MRI system.MethodsdualMRI was translated from high‐field research systems to a 3T clinical system. Precision was calculated using repeated tests of a silicone phantom. dualMRI was demonstrated by visualizing displacements and strains in an intervertebral disc and compared to T2 measured during cyclic loading.ResultsThe displacement and strain precisions were 24 µm and 0.3% strain, respectively, under the imaging parameters used in this study. Displacements and strains were measured within the intervertebral disc, but no correlations were found with the T2 values.ConclusionThe translation of dualMRI to a 3T system unveils the potential for in vivo studies in a myriad of tissue and organ systems. Because of the importance of mechanical behavior to the function of a variety of tissues, it's expected that dualMRI implemented on a clinical system will be a powerful tool in assessing the interlinked roles of structure, mechanics, and function in both healthy and diseased tissues. Magn Reson Med 71:1231–1237, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A utility‐based load‐balancing scheme with guarantee of users' rate for LTE self‐organization networks
Authors: Yang Ying , Dong WenXiang , Chen XiaoHui , Wang Weidong 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYMobility load balance is becoming increasingly crucial in the design of self‐organization networks for LTE (long‐term evolution), especially under dynamic scenarios. In this paper, we study the problem of load balance with guarantee of users' rate and formulate a general optimization model, where the weighted sum of the first‐order and second‐order statistics of load distribution (load variance and total load level) are considered directly. We prove the convexity of the model and derive the optimal user‐station association scheme in different weights. Based on analysis of the optimization model, a dynamic admission and handover scheme is proposed. Mobile users with rate requirement select a base station based on the load utility in a distributed way and handover to the selected station (if handover is triggered). Furthermore, a simulation platform with seven cells is developed to evaluate the dynamic admission and handover scheme. It is demonstrated that our proposed scheme outperforms the conventional counterpart. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixed variational principles and robust finite element implementations of gradient plasticity at small strains
Authors: Miehe C. , Aldakheel F. , Mauthe S. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThis work outlines a theoretical and computational framework of gradient plasticity based on a rigorous exploitation of mixed variational principles. In contrast to classical local approaches to plasticity based on locally evolving internal variables, order parameter fields are taken into account governed by additional balance‐type PDEs including micro‐structural boundary conditions. This incorporates non‐local plastic effects based on length scales, which reflect properties of the material micro‐structure. We develop a unified variational framework based on mixed saddle point principles for the evolution problem of gradient plasticity, which is outlined for the simple model problem of von Mises plasticity with gradient‐extended hardening/softening response. The mixed variational structure includes the hardening/softening variable itself as well as its dual driving force. The numerical implementation exploits the underlying variational structure, yielding a canonical symmetric structure of the monolithic problem. It results in a novel finite element (FE) design of the coupled problem incorporating a long‐range hardening/softening parameter and its dual driving force. This allows a straightforward local definition of plastic loading‐unloading driven by the long‐range fields, providing very robust FE implementations of gradient plasticity. This includes a rational method for the definition of elastic‐plastic‐boundaries in gradient plasticity along with a post‐processor that defines the plastic variables in the elastic range. We discuss alternative mixed FE designs of the coupled problem, including a local‐global solution strategy of short‐range and long‐range fields. This includes several new aspects, such as extended Q1P0‐type and Mini‐type finite elements for gradient plasticity. All methods are derived in a rigorous format from variational principles. Numerical benchmarks address advantages and disadvantages of alternative FE designs, and provide a guide for the evaluation of simple and robust schemes for variational gradient plasticity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Streamline upwind/Petrov–Galerkin‐based stabilization of proper generalized decompositions for high‐dimensional advection–diffusion equations
Authors: González David , Cueto Elías , Chinesta Francisco , Díez Pedro , Huerta Antonio 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThis work is a first attempt to address efficient stabilizations of high dimensional advection–diffusion models encountered in computational physics. When addressing multidimensional models, the use of mesh‐based discretization fails because the exponential increase of the number of degrees of freedom related to a multidimensional mesh or grid, and alternative discretization strategies are needed. Separated representations involved in the so‐called proper generalized decomposition method are an efficient alternative as proven in our former works; however, the issue related to efficient stabilizations of multidimensional advection–diffusion equations has never been addressed to our knowledge. Thus, this work is aimed at extending some well‐experienced stabilization strategies widely used in the solution of 1D, 2D, or 3D advection–diffusion models to models defined in high‐dimensional spaces, sometimes involving tens of coordinates.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytochrome P450 genes induced by bispyribac‐sodium treatment in a multiple‐herbicide‐resistant biotype of Echinochloa phyllopogon
Authors: Iwakami Satoshi , Uchino Akira , Kataoka Yukiko , Shibaike Hiroyuki , Watanabe Hiroaki , Inamura Tatsuya 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncremental herbicide metabolism by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) has been proposed as the basis for resistance to bispyribac‐sodium (bispyribac) in a multiple‐herbicide‐resistant biotype of Echinochloa phyllopogon. Upon exposure to bispyribac, strong induction of bispyribac‐metabolising P450 activity has been reported in the resistant line, indicating that P450s induced by bispyribac are involved in the bispyribac resistance.RESULTSA polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based cloning strategy was used to isolate 39 putative P450 genes from the bispyribac‐resistant line of E. phyllopogon. Expression analysis by real‐time PCR revealed that seven of the isolated genes were upregulated in response to bispyribac treatment of seedlings at the three‐leaf stage. The transcript levels and protein sequences of the seven genes were compared between the bispyribac‐resistant line and a susceptible line. CYP71AK2 and CYP72A254 were transcribed prominently in the bispyribac‐resistant line. Amino acid polymorphisms were found in three genes, including CYP72A254.CONCLUSIONUpregulated expression of these genes is consistent with the inducible herbicide‐metabolising P450 activity under bispyribac stress that was reported in a previous study. This is the first study to compare P450 genes in arable weed species in order to elucidate the mechanism for P450‐mediated herbicide resistance. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation of Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films by selenization of precursor evaporated from Cu2ZnSnSe4 compound
Authors: Yamaguchi T. , Kawamoto K. , Oura S. , Niiyama S. , Imanishi T. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCu2ZnSnSe4 ingot was synthesized and then used as a precursor for selenization process in order to fabricate Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films. The thin films were prepared at each point A‐F in our selenization process and their properties were investigated. Cu2ZnSnSe4 ingot and thin films had a kesterite Cu2ZnSnSe4 structure. From EPMA analysis and XRD studies, the mechanism of Cu2ZnSnSe4 formation was discussed. Cu‐Se phases were related to Cu2ZnSnSe4 formation. Cu2ZnSnSe4 may decompose to Sn‐Se compound during the annealing process at 550 oC. Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin film solar cells demonstrated Voc=300 mV, Isc=7.25 mA/cm2. The band gap energy of Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin film determined from the QE spectra estimated to be approximately 1.04 eV. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hard X‐ray photoemission study of the covalent‐chain antiferromagnets TlFeS2 and TlFeSe2
Authors: Mimura Kojiro , Motonami Satoru , Shim YongGu , Wakita Kazuki , Jahangirli Zakir , Alekperov Oktay , Mamedov Nazim , Sato Hitoshi , Utsumi Yuki , Ueda Shigenori , Shimada Kenya , Taguchi Yukihiro , Kobayashi Keisuke , Bihlmayer Gustav , Namatame Hirofumi , Taniguchi Masaki 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBulk electronic structures of covalent‐chain antiferromagnets TlFeS2 and TlFeSe2 have been investigated by hard X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES) and band calculations based on the full‐potential linearized augmented plane wave method. Competition between localized and delocalized characters of Fe 3d electrons has been suggested by the slight discrepancies between valence‐band HAXPES spectra and calculated density of states, as well as Fe 2p spectra with a broad charge‐transfer satellite. It is assumed that this competition closely related to the crystallographic onedimensionality of these materials. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Super high sensitive low‐dimensional IR‐detector
Authors: Emil Huseynov , Namiq Ismayilov 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe original design of the infrared detector providing ultrahigh parameters of responsivity is proposed. The idea lies in separation of the areas between charge carrier optical generation and formation of electrical signal. The calculations performed for CdxHg1–xTe photodetectors with x ∼ 0.21 and x ∼ 0.28 at electric bias 200 mV yield values such as Su = 108–1010 V/W for voltage response. That is several orders of magnitude more than experimentally reached values for CdxHg1–xTe‐based IR‐detectors (Su =106V/W for λ c = 11 µm, T = 77 K [Singh and Mittal, Def. Sci. J. 53(31), 281 (2003)]). Offered detector is different with very large resistance and small power consumption and dimensions of active area. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of porous CuInS2 crystals using a stirrer
Authors: Akaki Yoji , Ohno Yuki , Momiki Takanori 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPorous CuInS2 crystals were grown from starting materials CuCl2·2H2O, InCl3·4H2O and thiorea with ethylene glycol solution, that were placed into a flask, heated, and refluxed for 1 hour. The diffraction peaks only from CuInS2 phase appear for all the samples. The morphology of CuInS2 crystal was porous, and the porous crystals exist in two kinds. One kind was flower‐like crystals which complexly lack the flakes, another one was sphere‐like crystals existed with a number of the poles. The specific surface area of the samples grown by stirring starting materials with In to Cu ratio of 4.3 for 30 minutes was found approximately to be 55 m2/g. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
From SnS and PbS towards complex sulfosalts: thin film growth and properties
Authors: Lobe Sandra , Wagner Gerald , Bente Klaus 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPolycrystalline thin films of Sn1−xPbxS (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) were grown by multi‐beam hot‐wall deposition using SnS and PbS as source materials. Employing evaporation temperatures of TPbS ≈ 680 °C and TSnS ≈ 600 °C dendritic thin film growth appears due to high supersaturation at the substrate surface (TSubstrate ≈ 240…375 °C). Therefore, both evaporation temperatures were lowered to TPbS ≈ 600 °C and TSnS ≈ 540 °C. Calculated and measured thin film compositions agree very well. The variation of the deposition time exhibits linear thin film growth. At the very beginning of film growth a well‐distinct texture can be observed. If the growth proceeds (t > 5 min) this texture disappears. As determined by transmission UV‐Vis spectroscopy all Sn1−xPbxS films show a direct allowed transition which bandgap energy increases with increasing x and an indirect allowed transition which bandgap energy decreases with increasing lead content. Decreasing film thickness leads to an increase of both bandgap energies. The obtained results were discussed with respect to a possible application as absorber material in solar cells. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Excitonic emission of CuInS2 crystals using confocal microscopy system
Authors: Horikawa Yusuke , Matsuo Shingo , Shim YongGu , Wakita Kazuki 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPhotoluminescence (PL) spectra in the band‐edge region on bulk single‐crystals of CuInS2 grown by the traveling heater method have been investigated using a confocal microscopy system. The observed PL spectra are separated into two Lorentzian peaks which are assigned to be A and B free excitons, by the analysis of the excitation intensity dependence of the emissions. Consequently, we present the behaviour of B free exciton within a wide range of temperatures. The time‐resolved emissions of A free exciton have also been examined. The decay of the emissions is analyzed using a double exponential curve. Fast and slow components are attributed to nonradiative relaxation and radiative recombination, respectively. The decay‐time constant of the slow component corresponds to the radiative lifetime of A free exciton and is obtained over the wide temperature region until 300 K. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and properties of Yb:LuAG transparent ceramics
Authors: Jiang Benxue , Lu Xiao , Zeng Yanping , Liu Shuping , Li Jiang , Liu Wenbin , Shi Yun , Pan Yubai 
Published: May 2013

AbstractYb3+‐doped Lu3Al5O12 (Yb:LuAG) transparent ceramics were fabricated by vacuum sintering and hot isostatic pressing(HIP) method. TEOS and Sc2O3 were added as sintering aids by a high energy ball milling. Transparent nearly‐fully dense samples with grain size of about tens of micrometers were obtained after 1820 °C sintering, while the grain size of HIP sample was only about several micrometers. The absorption spectra, emission spectra, and fluorescence life time of these transparent Yb:LuAG ceramics at room temperature have were measuredd. The absorption and emission cross‐section of Yb:LuAG Ceramics at 937 nm and 1030 nm were 7.6×10–21 and 23×10–21cm2 which are much higher than those of Yb:YAG crystal. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The sensitivity of backscattering coefficients to elastic scattering cross‐sections and electron stopping powers
Authors: Walker C. G. H. , Matthew J. A. D. , El‐Gomati M. M. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe sensitivity of Monte Carlo estimates of backscattering coefficients η to the accuracy of their input data is examined by studying the percentage change in η due to changes of 10% and 20% in the differential elastic scattering cross‐section dσ/dΩ and corresponding changes in the stopping power S(E) in the primary energy range 200–10,000 eV. To a good approximation equivalent elastic and inelastic scattering changes produce equal and opposite shifts in η, a result consistent with predictions of transport theory. For medium to high atomic numbers an x% error in the specification of either S(E) or dσ/dΩ produces a percentage change in η significantly less than x%, while at low atomic number Δη/η increases approximately linearly with ln E so that Monte Carlo predictions are then more sensitive to parameter precision at high energy. SCANNING 36:241–245, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental and computational analysis of stall cells on rectangular wings
Authors: Manolesos Marinos , Papadakis Georgios , Voutsinas Spyros G. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe present paper is the second part of a combined (experimental and computational) study on stall cells (SCs) on a rectangular wing. In the first part, tuft data were used in order to geometrically characterize a stabilized SC resulting from a localized spanwise disturbance introduced by a zigzag tape. Here, pressure measurements on the model and in the wake and aerodynamic polars at midspan are reported. The wing model had an aspect ratio value of 2, the Reynolds number was 106 and the range of angles of attack (α) was from −6° to 16°. Experimental results confirm previous findings. Furthermore, two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional Reynolds Averaged Navier‐Stokes RANS simulations are used in order to better understand the structure of SCs. 3D simulations reproduce the experimental data with a 3° delay in α and permit a qualitative analysis. It is found that the SC vortices start normal to the wing surface and extend downstream in the wake; the evolution of the SC vortices in the wake is in strong interaction with the separation line vortex and the trailing edge line vortex; as the SC vortex develops downstream in the wake, its centreline is contracted towards the SC centre; the wing wake is pushed upstream at the centre of the SC and downstream at the sides by the SC vortices; spanwise lift and drag distributions always attain their minimum at the SC centre. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.