bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Natural History of Jaundice in Predominantly Breastfed Infants
Authors: Maisels M. Jeffrey , Clune Sarah , Coleman Kimberlee , Gendelman Brian , Kendall Ada , McManus Sharon , Smyth Mary 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Breastfed newborns are more likely to develop prolonged hyperbilirubinemia than those fed formula, but the prevalence of prolonged hyperbilirubinemia in a largely white, North American breastfed population is unknown. In this population, we documented the natural history of jaundice and the prevalence of prolonged hyperbilirubinemia, and we evaluated the utility of assessing the cephalocaudal progression of jaundice in office-based practices.METHODS:We measured transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) levels during the first month in 1044 predominantly breastfed infants ≥35 weeks of gestation and assigned a cephalocaudal zone score to each infant at the time of the TcB measurement.RESULTS:TcB level was ≥5 mg/dL in 43% of infants at age 21 ± 3 days and 34% were clinically jaundiced. At 28 ± 3 days, the TcB was ≥5 mg/dL in 34% and 21% were jaundiced. There was a strong correlation between the TcB level and the jaundice zone score, but there was a wide range of TcB levels associated with each score.CONCLUSIONS:Practitioners can be reassured that it is normal for 20% to 30% of predominantly breastfed newborns to be jaundiced at age 3 to 4 weeks and for 30% to 40% of these infants to have bilirubin levels ≥5 mg/dL. The jaundice zone score does not provide an accurate assessment of the bilirubin level, but a score of zero (complete absence of jaundice) suggests that the level is unlikely to be &gt;12.9 mg/dL, whereas a score of ≥4 usually predicts a level of ≥10 mg/dL.
Policy required for entry of DNA profiles onto the National Forensic DNA Database of South Africa
Authors: Heathfield Laura J. 
Published: July 2014

The recent Criminal Law (Forensic Procedures) Amendment Act (2013) provides a definition for forensic DNA profiles and, in so doing, states that medical information about an individual may not be revealed through a forensic DNA profile. Yet chromosomal abnormalities can exhibit as tri-allelic patterns on DNA profiles and such information can expose medical conditions such as Down syndrome. This short report highlights this concern and suggests a policy be created for the entering of such DNA profiles onto the National Forensic DNA database of South Africa.
NMR and X-ray Studies Concerning Structure of 6,6’-(Oxybis(4,1-phenylene))bis-(2-allylpyridazin- 3(2H)-one)
Authors: Antoci Vasilichia , Apostu Mircea , Ciobanu Catalina , Mantu Dorina 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The structural NMR and X-ray studies of 6,6’-(Oxybis(4,1- phenylene))bis-(2-allylpyridazin-3(2H)-one), a bis-pyridazine derivative heterocycle, are reported in this study. Both 1H- and 13C- NMR confirm the proposed structure of compound. In order to establish unequivocally the structure of compound, the X-ray data analysis was performed. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic P-1(2) space group with a = 10.3699(7) Å, b = 10.6972(6) Å, c = 11.0449(4) Å, α = 87.941(5)°, β = 75.564(5)°, γ = 72.055(5)°, V= 1127.68 (12) Å3 and Z = 2. Molecular and crystal packing parameters for the novel heterocyclic system were obtained from intensity data collected at room temperature. The two phenyl rings (from the diphenyl ether moiety) are perpendicular one to each other and, on its turn, each phenyl ring is almost coplanar with the pyridazine ring
Correlations among various factors influencing learning of chemistry
Authors: Lemnaru Liliana , Pui Mihaela , Cozma Danut-Gabriel 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Modern education focuses the didactic discourse on learning (namely, on the development of an” instructive paradigm”), on the more intensely manifested need of orienting didactics towards competence, the pupil being viewed as the subject of his/her own accomplishment. The present study analyzes the correlations occurring among the various factors known as influencing the learning and the results of learning Chemistry, from two different perspectives: the psychopaedagogical realities of early adolescence and the inherent difficulties characteristic to a most special scientific discipline (Chemistry). The observation made is that several factors - such as the specific contents of the discipline, the age of the pupils, their family background, participation to extra-curricular activities - may positively influence the didactic process, while a precarious family condition and avoidance of extra-curricular involvement may negatively affect learning
The Linguistic Image Of Man In The Hungarian And Romanian Languages
Authors: Magyari Sára 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
By analyzing the key words we reconstruct the conceptions created by the two speech communities in their languages in order to understand their interpretation of reality. The analysis of the collocations and expressions identifies common basic principles reflecting the relationship between language and thought. The analysis is based on the theory of linguistic relativity and uses methods recommended by Bańczerovski Janusz, Lera Boroditsky and Anna Wierzbicka in order to investigate connections between language and culture, language and thought. By adapting the recommended evaluation methods an evaluation model was created, able to reconstruct the Hungarian and Romanian linguistic image of man.
The Population of Fejér County in the 18th Century Through the Eyes of Foreign Travellers
Authors: Sztana-Kovács Adrienn 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Lack of source material makes it difficult to examine the population history of the times of the Ottoman domination in Fejér county. Therefore it is inevitable to use memoirs, travel diaries, travel books and country descriptions penned by foreign travellers. In our study we are following the change of the image of the Hungarians, and the images of other ethnic groups as they appear in the memoirs of foreign visitors.
In this paper we compare the descriptions of different ethnic groups inhabiting the county in the 18th century. We are interested in the following questions: first, how much of these descriptions are based on personal experience; secondly, to what extent these books reflect their authors’ experiences or they are rather influenced by stereotypes of their age or earlier periods
The Myth-Shaping Power of a Past Vision of the Future
Authors: György V. Imola 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The creation of an era itself, as rhetoric of time, creates the otherness from which it builds up its own borders. Thus the creation of an era goes hand in hand with identity formation. The beginning of the 20th century, as the boundary of an era, appears as such a self-reflective moment in the life of Târgu Mureş. The study aims at presenting the social, economic and cultural changes of this period, notably the time when György Bernády was the mayor, the most significant period of urbanization of the town, the moment of the conscious designation of the above mentioned boundary of an era. It makes an attempt to grasp the beginning of the powerful personality cult of the former mayor; it analyzes those strategies of canonization and discourses that have played a key role in the process of the myth-formation of the hero and its time. In this era the process of György Bernády’s raising to the status of a cultural hero took place. The articles, which appeared in the local press, give a clear-cut image about what kind of judgements and appreciations have developed about the city and its councillor, as well as the infrastructural and cultural development
The Detection and Evaluation of Burning Additives in Cigarette Paper/Über den Nachweis und die Bestimmung von Glimmsalzen in Cigarettenpapieren
Authors: Jodl R. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The possibilities of determining various anions of the burning additives in cigarette paper are described. The use of the flame-photometric method is recommended for the determination of the quantity of the burning agents and for deciding whether these are present as sodium and/or as potassium compounds.
The Determination of Pressure Drop of Filter Rods and Nozzles under Different Atmospheric Pressure Conditions/Messung des Zugwiderstandes von Filterstäben und Düsen unter verschiedenen Luftdruckbedingungen
Authors: Erxleben E. , Vorwerk A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The relations between the pressure drop values of filter rods and nozzles obtained by customary gauges and the atmospheric pressure are investigated. Measurements are carried out between 500 and 1.000 mm Hg external pressure. This range was produced artificially. In case of filter rods it is shown, that a variation of 4 % only is received on the full measuring range by operating at constant air circulation (cm3/s) independent of atmospheric pressure. This shift is negligible in view of normally occurring local variations of atmospheric pressure. By operating at constant air circulation (cm3/s) the value of the nozzles' pressure drop varies in considerable degree over the full measuring range. Using reference nozzles for devices of pressure drop determination at different altitudes therefore, either a correction of the reference mark fixed at a standard pressure is necessary, or the values for filter pressure drop are to be corrected. The corrections are indicated.
Resolutions of the 5th tobacco colloquium 1963 regarding the nomenclature of air permeability of cigarette paper and related terms - Beschlüsse des 5. Tabak-Kolloquiums 1963 zur Nomenklatur der Luftdurchlässigkeit von Cigarettenpapier und verwandter Begriffe
Authors: Lipp G. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract1. Air permeability1.1 Porosity1.2 Perforation2. Coefficient o fair permability oft he paper3. Degree of ventilation of cigarettes
Analytical Treatment of Forecasts of Electric Energy Consumption in Latvia
Authors: Balodis M. , Gavars V. , Andersons J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In the paper, the changes in electric energy consumption are analyzed as associated with structural changes in the Latvian economy of postsocialistic period. To the analysis, a particular approach is applied, which consists in comparison of the basic and specific electricity consumption indices in West-, Central-, and East-European states for the time span of 1990-2010, with differences and tendencies of changes revealed. Tendencies of the type are determined for the electric energy consumption in Latvia, and recommendations are given for the use of such indices in the relevant forecasts.
Gravimetric and Spectroscopic Studies of Reversible Hydrogen Sorption on Nanoporous Clinoptilolite
Authors: Lesnicenoks P. , Grinberga L. , Kleperis J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Large surface aluminosilicate compounds such as zeolites are not the best option for hydrogen storage due to their low hydrogen sorption capacity above cryogenic temperatures. However, the known crystal structure and easy ion exchange allows considering zeolites as easily tuneable media that with a little effort can be changed to suitable porous media for hydrogen sorption. Metal (Li, Mg) and ammonia ion exchange is performed in natural clinoptilolite samples with the aim to increase the amount of adsorbed hydrogen. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the prepared samples is used to study sorption of hydrogen molecules in the vicinity of light metal ions. An original thermogravimetric method is applied to characterise the amount of sorbed hydrogen. Our experiments show that the highest hydrogen uptake (~ 6.2 wt%) is for a clinoptilolite sample treated in acid. The cation exchange did not provide the expected hydrogen sorption capability; however, the amount of sorbed hydrogen exceeded that for the initial material.
The Mun Valley and Central Thailand in prehistory: integrating two cultural sequences
Authors: Higham Charles Franklin , Rispoli Fiorella 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper compares the later prehistory in two regions of Thailand. The Mun Valley lies on the
eastern side of the Phetchabun Range, the Lopburi Region (LR) to the west. They are linked by a major
pass. While the Lopburi area is rich in copper ore, the Mun Valley has none. Quality salt is abundantly
available in the Mun Valley but less so in the LR. This study explores the inter-relationships between the
areas over a period of 2300 years which sharpens our understanding of both, and presents explanations
and possibilities in the context of cultural transmission theories. Neolithic farmers with ultimate origins
in China, arrived in the first half of the second millennium BC. Widespread exchange in prestige goods
was a factor in the adoption of copper-base metallurgy in the late 11th century BC, when the LR became a
producer, the Mun Valley an importer. With the Iron Age, (from about 500 BC), sites grew in size. During
the course of this period, gold, silver, agate, carnelian and glass ornaments were ritually placed with dead
elites. It is in these powerful and wealthy Iron Age communities that we can identify the early transition
into states with population growth, agricultural intensification, conflict and increased production and
competition over salt and metal for exchange.
Control of Resting Heart Rate and Other Risk Factors Over a Three-year Period in Outpatients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease in Latvia
Authors: Balode Inga , Jēgere Sanda , Bajāre Iveta , Mintāle Iveta , Narbute Inga , Rasnačs Oskars , Latkovskis Gustavs , Ērglis Andrejs 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate control of heart rate (HR) and other risk factors (RF) over athree-year period in coronary artery disease (CAD) outpatients in Latvia. Patients (n = 120) were examined and questioned at baseline time and annually (four times in total). Increased resting HR (≥70 bpm) when measured by palpation was present in 35.8% of cases at baseline time, 35.6%, 29.8% and 35.1% of cases at Y1, Y2 and Y3, respectively; when measured by electrocardiography: in 33.6% (baseline), 36.8% (Y1), 26.7% (Y2), 33.7% (Y3) of cases. The proportion of patients with increased HR did not significantly change in Y1–Y3 vs baseline. Systolic blood pressure was lower in Y1 and Y3 vs baseline (P = 0.005 and P = 0.003, respectively). The proportion of patients with increased blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg) was lower in Y1, Y2 and Y3 than at baseline (P = 0.018, P = 0.030 and P = 0.017, respectively). The proportion of patients with a decreased level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (<1.2 mmol/l for women and <1.0 mmol/l fom men) was lower in Y1–Y3 compared to baseline (P < 0.001). A substantial (about one-third) and stable proportion of patients with increased HR≥70 bpm over the three-year period in the examined sample of treated CAD patients indicates that there is a need for better control of this RF.
Findings of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae) in Nature Reserves in Ukraine
Authors: Yakovlev Ye. B. , Kharchenko V. A. , Mráček Z. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Findings of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae) in Nature Reserves in-Ukraine. Yakovlev, Ye. B., Kharchenko, V. A., Mráček, Z. — Five strains of Steinernema Travassos, 1927 were isolated by live baiting method with last instar larvae of Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 from the reserves of some central and southern oblasts of Ukraine and the Crimean AR. Entomopathogenic nematodes were recovered from 5 of 196 (2.6 %) soil samples collected in 2010. Isolated nematodes were identified using a combination of molecular (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA gene sequencing) and morphological techniques. Four of the isolated strains were recognized as S. feltiae (Filipjev, 1934), one as S. arenarium (Artyukhovsky, 1967).
Prevalence of Hookworms, Uncinaria Lucasi (Ancylostomatidae), In Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus Ursinus) On St. Paul Island, Alaska
Authors: Lyons E.T. , Kuzmina T.A. , Carie J.L. , Tolliver S.C. , Spraker T.R. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Prevalence of Hookworms, Uncinaria lucasi (Ancylostomatidae), in Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on St. Paul Island, Alaska. Lyons, E. T., Kuzmina, T. A., Carie, J. L., Tolliver, S. C., Spraker, T. R. — Review of main studies on biology and ecology of the hookworm Uncinaria lucasi Stiles, 1901 performed on St. Paul Island, Alaska, is presented. Current data on prevalence of adult hookworms parasitizing northern fur seals (NFS), Callorhinus ursinus Linnaeus, 1758, were obtained based on the examination of the intestines of dead NFS pups and subadult 3-4 year-old males in July and August of 2011-2013. In addition, blubber samples collected from subadult NFS males were examined for parasitic third stage hookworm larvae (L3). All current data were compared with previously published studies performed in 1950s-1960s. Current prevalence of U. lucasi in dead pups collected from Reef Rookery was 4.9 % in 2011, 0 % in 2012 and 10.5 % in 2013. This rookery has a rocky substrate. On sandy rookeries prevalence was up to 75 % on Morjovi Rookery and 50 % on Vostochni Rookery. Parasitic L3 were recovered in 2.5 % of subadult males examined in 2013. Decreasing prevalence of hookworm infection of dead pups and subadult males during the last several years follows the tremendous decline in the number of fur seals in the herd on St. Paul Island during last several decades.
Over Hesperiaanse Melancholie: Eugène Nielen Marais en de Geschiedenis van een poëtische Gemoedsgesteldheid
Authors: van Luijk Ruben 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The article gives a brief ‘idea history’ of Hesperian melancholy a.k.a. Hesperian depression, the fleeting state of dejection that some humans and animals experience at dusk. The term was apparently coined by the South African poet and naturalist Eugene Marais (1871-1936), who noticed the phenomenon during his field observations of baboons. Marais' observations of primates were in the first place an attempt to shed more light on the evolutionary roots of the human psyche and its afflictions - not in the least his own. A personal focus seems probable in his notes on the use of euphoria-inducing substances among animals and humans, which are an evident reflection of his own morphine addiction; but also in his writings about Hesperian depression. During his lifetime, Marais only published about Hesperian depression twice, once in a very concise article in English, and once in more elaborate form in Afrikaans. The term ‘Hesperian depression’ only became more current when his manuscript on primate behaviour, The Soul of the Ape, was posthumously published in 1963. Since then, the term and its description sometimes appear in (popular) publications of paleobiologists and scholars of the evolution of human behaviour. In psychology and psychiatry, the term was introduced by the eminent American psychoanalyst William G. Niederlander, who presented it in a 1971 article in Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association as an idea of his own. It is evident, however, that he took his cue from Marais, who thus was posthumously plagiarized.
Streekromans en het Tsjechische ruralisme
Authors: Engelbrecht Wilken 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In the netherlands regional novels have never been considered as real literary works. in Flanders regional literature had a better status, especially because several writers of the Van Nu en Straks movement such as Stijn Streuvels wrote about regional themes. in Czech literature since 1848 regional themes was viewed as important in novels and stories, mainly till the end of world war ii. in 1932 the Catholic writer Antonín Matula defined the so-called ruralism, which became a movement of mainly Catholic writers from the countryside. Most of them were severely persecuted in a constructed Stalinist show trial against the green international in 1951. in his work Hlasy země v evropských literaturách (The Voice of Earth in European Literatures, 1933) Matula discussed nearly all major european literatures, i.e. Flemish regional writers. it is no coincidence that especially Flemish writers such as ernest Claes, Stijn Streuvels and Felix timmermans, were translated into Czech during the second quarter of the 20th century.
The Historical Edge of Irony: Marco Millions and Its Chinese Adaptations
Authors: Xuefeng Zhu 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT: This article historicizes the playtext(s) of Eugene O’Neill’s Marco Millions (1927) as a satire on America and contextualizes its adaptations in semi-colonial and “postcolonial” China, to examine how irony functions across time and across cultures. In the first part, I investigate the play’s poetic resistance to American Orientalism and its ironic failure to transcend the Eurocentric discourse it criticizes. In the second part, I examine the play’s trajectory on the Chinese stage from 1929 to 2009, arguing that these adaptations, as transideological, “postcolonial” irony, embodied the polyphony of Chinese Occidentalism and wrote back to the divided self of modern China. The ironic Marco Millions and its Chinese adaptations provoke the audience to rethink history and rewrite reality, also providing a site for critics to reconceive the complementary relationship between Orientalism and Occidentalism. Thus, this minor O’Neill play of the 1920s has acquired historical significance and contemporary relevance.
Microstructure-Oriented Fatigue Assessment of Construction Materials and Joints Using Short-Time Load Increase Procedure
Authors: Walther Frank 
Published: July 2014

AbstractStress-strain-hysteresis, change in deformation-induced temperature and change in DC-based electrical resistance measurements are applied for the detailed characterization of structural-mechanical processes in construction materials and joints under multiple-step and single-step fatigue loading. Results concerning the influence of joining technologies on austenitic steel AISI304, carbon-fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) and beech wood materials, of environmental media on magnesium alloys Mg-4Al-2Ba-2Ca (DieMag422) and Mg-10Gd-1Nd, and of manufacturing processes on titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V and wood-plastic composites (WPC) are discussed. The load- and cycle-dependent change in microstructure was investigated by light and electron microscopy and correlated with fatigue properties, to reach a preferably precise description of process structure property relationship in a qualitative and quantitative manner. The time-efficient load increase procedure applied for evaluation of joining, environmental and manufacturing influence on fatigue performance is suitable for production-accompanied usage.
Effects of Re-Aging on the Fatigue Properties of Aluminum Alloy AA7075
Authors: Fakioglu Avni , Özyürek Dursun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this study, 7075 aluminum alloy was subjected to triple-aging of retrogression and re-aging (RRA) treatments. The alloy was retrogressed at 220 °C for 60 minutes following the T6 heat treatment and later re-aged at temperatures between 100 °C and 140 °C for 24 hours and at 120 °C for various durations in the range of 15–35 hours. The effects of temperature and duration of re-aging on hardness and the fatigue behaviors of RRA tempered 7075 aluminum alloys were investigated. The results show that temperature and duration of re-aging have an influence on both hardness and fatigue resistances. An increment of the hardness values depends on increasing of re-aging temperature and times until 120 °C and 24 hours and reaches to the maximum value. However, those values decrease with higher re-aging temperatures and longer duration than 120 °C and 24 hours, respectively. On the other hand, in the fatigue tests, the highest fatigue resistance was observed for the sample re-aged at 120 °C for 24 hours, while the sample re-aged at 140 °C for 24 hours showed the longest fatigue life under lower fatigue stress.