bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image-guided radiation therapy for carcinoma of gallbladder: implication on margin for set-up errors
Authors: Saini Gagan , Goel Vineeta , Anand Anil K , Gupta Kamlesh Kumar 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPurposeA retrospective study was undertaken to analyse set-up variations in patients being treated with post-operative radiation therapy for carcinoma of gall bladder by image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and paired kilovoltage beam portals (kVps).Materials and methodsThree consecutive patients receiving post-operative radiation therapy for carcinoma of gall bladder were studied. A total of 32 imaging studies were performed. The immobilisation system was an all-in-one system along with a thermoplastic mask, with knees either resting on the knee rest or in a vacuum cushion. The CBCT scans and kVps were reviewed in an off-line mode. The surrogate markers used for matching during co-registration were 12th rib, coeliac trunk, vertebral bodies and canal. Individual readings were used to calculate mean shifts (m); the mean of these means (M) was calculated to arrive at the systematic error in each direction and its standard deviation (Σ) was calculated. The margins for set-up error (SM) were then calculated.ResultsThere were a total of 32 readings of which 21 were CBCTs and 11 were kVps. The mean shifts in each direction for each patient were 0·06, 0·25 and 0·15 cm in vertical, longitudinal and lateral directions, respectively. The resultant planning target volume margins calculated were 0·24, 0·9 and 0·47 cm in vertical, longitudinal and lateral directions.ConclusionsIGRT for upper abdominal malignancies using CBCT and kVps is a useful method to keep the margins for set-up error low. The use of surrogates for matching should be relevant to the target volume. Good immobilisation system helps in keeping the margins low.
ChemMapper: a versatile web server for exploring pharmacology and chemical structure association based on molecular 3D similarity method
Authors: Gong Jiayu , Cai Chaoqian , Liu Xiaofeng , Ku Xin , Jiang Hualiang , Gao Daqi , Li Honglin 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Summary: ChemMapper is an online platform to predict polypharmacology effect and mode of action for small molecules based on 3D similarity computation. ChemMapper collects &gt;350 000 chemical structures with bioactivities and associated target annotations (as well as &gt;3 000 000 non-annotated compounds for virtual screening). Taking the user-provided chemical structure as the query, the top most similar compounds in terms of 3D similarity are returned with associated pharmacology annotations. ChemMapper is designed to provide versatile services in a variety of chemogenomics, drug repurposing, polypharmacology, novel bioactive compounds identification and scaffold hopping studies.
Availability: http://lilab.ecust.edu.cn/chemmapper/.
Contact: xfliu@ecust.edu.cn or hlli@ecust.edu.cn
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Mutascope: sensitive detection of somatic mutations from deep amplicon sequencing
Authors: Yost Shawn E. , Alakus Hakan , Matsui Hiroko , Schwab Richard B. , Jepsen Kristen , Frazer Kelly A. , Harismendy Olivier 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Summary: We present Mutascope, a sequencing analysis pipeline specifically developed for the identification of somatic variants present at low-allelic fraction from high-throughput sequencing of amplicons from matched tumor-normal specimen. Using datasets reproducing tumor genetic heterogeneity, we demonstrate that Mutascope has a higher sensitivity and generates fewer false-positive calls than tools designed for shotgun sequencing or diploid genomes.
Availability: Freely available on the web at http://sourceforge.net/projects/mutascope/.
Contact: oharismendy@ucsd.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
William Froude, John Henry Newman and Scientific Practice in the Culture of Victorian Doubt
Authors: Leggett Don 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This article explores the relationship between scientific practice and doubt in Victorian Britain. When compared to the rich historiography of Victorian science and religion, our current image of science and doubt is strikingly monolithic and limiting. Science is treated largely as a stimulus to narratives of doubt, for example, in the form of geology and evolution. This study, focused on the mathematician and mechanic William Froude and his close friend John Henry Newman, reconsiders the various levels on which doubts shaped scientific practice and informed the criteria by which knowledge of the physical and spiritual world were deemed certain and trustworthy.
Counting the Cost of Intelligence: The Treasury, National Service and GCHQ
Authors: Aldrich Richard J. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
If one were to choose a few key words to describe the post-war British intelligence community, one of them might well be ‘impecunious’. Scarcity of resource affected the development of intelligence no less than it did British defence policy. Yet while we know much about the political economy of British defence planning, we know almost nothing about intelligence spending. This essay argues that senior Treasury figures were important in the development of the core planning and control mechanisms for the British intelligence community. It uses the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) and signals intelligence more broadly to provide illustrative examples of the extreme pressures brought about by the end of the British occupation of Germany, the abolition of National Service as a source of cheap intelligence labour and the rising costs of computers for code breaking. It analyses the impact of the Templer and Hampshire reviews as early attempts to grapple with the accelerating costs of intelligence. Finally, it argues that the most significant intelligence reform, introduced by the Cabinet Secretary Burke Trend in 1968, was the advent of the Cabinet Office Intelligence Co-ordinator as a financial troubleshooter. This was, however, by no means the end of the intelligence community’s financial troubles.
Anti‐oxidative and cholesterol efflux capacities of high‐density lipoprotein are reduced in ischaemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Patel Parin J. , Khera Amit V. , Wilensky Robert L. , Rader Daniel J. 
Published: May 2013

AimsVarious pathological changes lead to the development of heart failure (HF). HDL is dysfunctional in both acute coronary syndrome, as measured by the HDL inflammatory index (HII) assay, and stable coronary disease, as measured by cholesterol efflux capacity. We therefore hypothesized that these functions of HDL are also impaired in subjects with ischaemic cardiomyopathy.Methods and resultsA case–control study was performed on subjects in the University of Pennsylvania Catheterization Study (PennCath) cohort of patients with angina. Cases had EF <50% and angiographic CAD (≥70% stenosis of any vessel; n = 23); controls included those with EF ≥55% and no CAD (n = 46). Serum from subjects was apolipoprotein‐B depleted to isolate an HDL fraction. To measure HDL anti‐oxidative capacity, the HDL fraction was incubated with LDL and a reporter lipid that fluoresces when oxidized. To measure cholesterol efflux capacity, the HDL fraction was also incubated with macrophages and tritium‐labelled cholesterol. Mean HII was higher and efflux capacity lower in subjects with ischaemic cardiomyopathy (HII 0.26 vs. –0.028; efflux 0.80 vs. 0.92; P < 0.05). In a multivariable logistic regression model, both high HII and low efflux capacity were significant risk factors for HF [HII odds ratio (OR) 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0–3.9, P = 0.002; efflux OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5–3.0, P = 0.03]. These effects persisted after adjustment for covariates and traditional risk factors for HF.ConclusionSubjects with reduced EF from ischaemia have lower HDL concentration and also impaired HDL function. HDL is a versatile lipoprotein particle with various anti‐inflammatory and vasoprotective functions, whose impairment may contribute to ischaemic heart failure.
An improved prescription for merger time-scales from controlled simulations
Authors: Villalobos Á. , De Lucia G. , Weinmann S. M. , Borgani S. , Murante G. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We compare three analytical prescriptions for merger times available from the literature to simulations of isolated mergers. We probe three different redshifts, and several halo concentrations, mass ratios, orbital circularities and orbital energies of the satellite. We find that prescriptions available in the literature significantly underpredict long time-scales for mergers at high redshift. We argue that these results have not been highlighted previously either because the evolution of halo concentration of satellite galaxies has been neglected (in previous isolated merger simulations) or because long merger times and mergers with high initial orbital circularities are under-represented (for prescriptions based on cosmological simulations). Motivated by the evolution of halo concentration at fixed mass, an explicit dependence on redshift added as tmergermod(z) = (1 + z)0.44tmerger to the prescription based on isolated mergers gives a significant improvement in the predicted merger times up to ∼20 tdyn in the redshift range 0 ≤ z ≤ 2. When this modified prescription is used to compute galaxy stellar mass functions, we find that it leads up to a 25 per cent increase in the number of low-mass galaxies surviving at z = 0, and a 10 per cent increase for more massive galaxies. This worsens the known overprediction in the number of low-mass galaxies by hierarchical models of galaxy formation.
Radiation hardening and sensors for radioactive environments
Authors: Bogue Robert 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the effects of radiation on certain classes of sensors and electronic devices and discusses the sensors used in high radiation environments.Design/methodology/approachFollowing an introduction, this paper firstly discusses the effects of radiation on semiconductors. It then considers the sensor technologies employed in high radiation applications and examines the impact of radiation on MEMS devices. Finally, it describes a radiation‐tolerant imaging sensor technology.FindingsIonising and non‐ionising radiation in terrestrial and space environments can exert a detrimental effect on semiconductor devices and has led to the development of a range of radiation hardening technologies. Most of the sensors used in nuclear power plants utilise long‐established and well‐characterised technologies which are inherently radiation‐tolerant but silicon MEMS devices are more prone to damage and a range of failure mechanisms have been identified. Most conventional image sensors are susceptible to radiation damage but a radiation‐hard technology termed the charge‐injection device has been developed which overcomes these problems.Originality/valueThis paper provides details of the sensor technologies used in high radiation applications.
Ukraine nanomaterials conference highlights sensing of molecular and physical variables
Authors: Bogue Robert 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the nanosensor research reported at the “Nanomaterials: Applications & Properties 2012” conference, held in the Ukraine in September 2012.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a short overview of the event, this paper describes the nanosensor research reported at the conference, arranged according to the variables involved, i.e. chemical sensing, gas sensors and physical sensing. Brief consideration is also given to developments in power sources.FindingsThis shows that, although nanosensors were not a major theme at the event, several innovative developments for sensing a range of molecular and physical variables were reported.Originality/valueThis paper provides details of the nanosensor research reported at “Nanomaterials: Applications & Properties 2012”.
Wide area registration on camera phones for mobile augmented reality applications
Authors: Duan Liya , Guan Tao , Luo Yawei 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe authors aim to present a vision based wide area registration method for camera phones based mobile augmented reality applications.Design/methodology/approachThe tracking system uses a drift‐free 6 DOF tracker based on prebuilt multiple maps, and can be initialized using the authors' compacted key‐frames recognition engine.FindingsGiven the current location and camera pose, the authors show how the corresponding virtual objects can be accurately superimposed even in the case of varying user positions.Originality/valueThe authors' system can be used in wide area scenarios and provides an accurate registration between real and virtual objects.
Spectroscopic profiling of soluble solids content and acidity of intact grape, lime, and star fruit
Authors: Fairuz Omar Ahmad 
Published: May 2013

PurposeVisible and near infrared spectroscopy have been applied widely in fruits quality assessment especially on the measurement of soluble solids content (SSC) measured in oBrix and acidity measured in pH. Spectroscopy technique has been applied on three botanically different categories of fruits, that is: imported Californian table grape, Mandarin lime and star fruit. The purpose is to examine the ability of spectroscopy technique to quantify internal quality parameters with very narrow variability due to the characteristics of the raw material analyzed. This work also presents comparative study on peak wavelengths that can best be used to calibrate SSC and pH of different types of fruits.Design/methodology/approachThe effective wavelengths chosen for calibration development are compared with those selected by other researchers in similar experiments. NIR wavelengths 910 nm (C−H band) and 950 nm (O−H band) are the most important wavelengths for the prediction of SSC for all examined fruits while wavelengths 922‐923 nm and 990‐995 nm for pH. Visible wavelength 605, 675 and 654 nm can efficiently improve the SSC and pH prediction for grape, lime and star fruit, respectively.FindingsThe best prediction for SSC has been achieved with R2=0.953 and RMSE=0.182 for grape, R2=0.918 and RMSE=0.109 for lime and R2=0.957 and RMSE=0.354 for star fruit. The best prediction for pH has been achieved with R2=0.763 and RMSE=0.110 for grape, R2=0.841 and RMSE=0.073 for lime and R2=0.862 and RMSE=0.261 for star fruit.Originality/valueCurrently, the spectroscopy research conducted for the measurement of fruits qualities is conducted through wide range spectrometer. However, the peak responses are only located at specific wavelengths. Hence, the selection of wavelengths related to SSC and pH will allow the design of low cost instruments for the prediction of these internal quality parameters.
Planning tourism through sporting events
Authors: Presenza Angelo , Sheehan Lorn 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to build on the concept of using a population or portfolio of events to help rejuvenate or redefine the strategic position of a destination. The aim is to gain a general understanding of the local community outlook towards a process of repositioning the tourism product based on a portfolio of sporting events.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research design using a case study approach examined resident attitudes in a beach community of south Italy. In total, 740 questionnaires were received and a cluster analysis was used to study the 11 statements about residents’ perceptions of tourism development and sport events.FindingsThe findings reveal that resident attitudes towards tourism development are strongly related to their perceptions of their degree of involvement in the setting of strategy and the direction of development. The results also support previous beliefs about increasing interest in the sport tourism product and that sporting events are viewed as important drivers of tourism destination development. The research reveals the presence of different resident attitudes and the cluster analysis is helpful in finding homogeneous groups of residents within the destination.Originality/valueThere is limited understanding of the degree to which the local community fits into the plans of a city's pro‐growth agenda and the role that a tourism strategy based on sport events can have. This is particularly true in southern Italy where the classical sun, sea and sand (3S) tourism model is in severe crisis and new ways of development are urgently required.
Heat and mass transfer from mixed convection flow of polar fluid along a plate in porous media with chemical reaction
Authors: Patil P.M. , Chamkha Ali J. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this work is to study heat and mass transfer from mixed convection flow of polar fluid along a plate in porous media with chemical reaction.Design/methodology/approachThe governing equations for this problem are solved numerically.FindingsPolar fluids behave very differently from Newtonian fluids.Originality/valueThis work is original as little work has been reported for polar fluids.
A semi‐analytical technique for the solution of differential‐algebraic equations and applications in flow of an incompressible viscous fluid
Authors: Soltanian F. , Dehghan Mehdi , Karbassi S.M. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe main purpose of this paper is to find convenient methods to solve the differential‐algebraic equations which have great importance in various fields of science and engineering.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applies a semi‐analytical approach, using both the homotopy analysis method (HAM) and the modified homotopy analysis method (MHAM) for finding the solution of linear and nonlinear DAEs.FindingsThe results show that the new modification can effectively reduce computational costs and accelerates the rapid convergence of the series solution.Originality/valueSome high index DAEs are investigated to present a comparative study between the HAM and the MHAM.
Effect of heating location and size on MHD mixed convection in a lid‐driven cavity
Authors: Malleswaran A. , Sivasankaran S. , Bhuvaneswari M. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe main objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of various lengths and different locations of the heater on the left sidewall in a square lid‐driven cavity.Design/methodology/approachThe non‐dimensional equations are discretized by the finite‐volume method. The upwind scheme and the central difference scheme are implemented for the convection and the diffusion terms, respectively.FindingsOn increasing the Richardson number, the overall heat transfer is increased whether the length and the location of the heater is considered or not. Among the various lengths of the heater considered, the total heat transfer is better only for the length LH=1/3 of the heater if it is extended from top or bottom of the cavity. In the case of location of the heater, the average heat transfer enhances for center location of the heater. Existence of the magnetic field suppresses the convective heat transfer and the fluid flow.Practical implicationsThe results can be used in the cooling of electronic devices and heat transfer improvement in heat exchangers.Originality/valueThe numerical results obtained here focus on the detailed investigation of flow and temperature field in a discretely heated lid‐driven square cavity. The findings will be helpful in many applications such as heat exchangers and cooling of electronic devices.
Fast incremental indexing with effective and efficient searching in XML element retrieval
Authors: Keyaki Atsushi , Miyazaki Jun , Hatano Kenji , Yamamoto Goshiro , Taketomi Takafumi , Kato Hirokazu 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose methods for fast incremental indexing with effective and efficient query processing in XML element retrieval. The effectiveness of a search system becomes lower if document updates are not handled when these occur frequently on the Web. The search accuracy is also reduced if drastic changes in document statistics are not managed. However, existing studies of XML element retrieval do not consider document updates, although these studies have attained both effectiveness and efficiency in query processing. Thus, the authors add a function for handling document updates to the existing techniques for XML element retrieval.Design/methodology/approachThough it will be important to enable fast updates of indices, preliminary experiments have shown that a simple incremental update approach has two problems: some kinds of statistics are inaccurate, and it takes a long time to update indices. Therefore, two methods are proposed: one to approximate term weights accurately with a small number of documents, even for dynamically changing statistics; and the other to eliminate unnecessary update targets.FindingsExperimental results show that this proposed system can update indices up to 32 per cent faster than the simple incremental updates while the search accuracy improved by 4 per cent compared with the simple approach. The proposed methods can also be fast and accurate in query processing, even if document statistics change drastically.Originality/valueThe paper shows that there could be a more practical XML element search engine, which can access the latest XML documents accurately and efficiently.
Computer‐mediated communication and social networking tools at work
Authors: Xiaojuan Ou Carol , Ling Sia Choon , Kit Hui Chun 
Published: May 2013

PurposeAdvances in information technology (IT) have resulted in the development of various computer‐mediated communication (CMC) and social networking tools. However, quantifying the benefits of utilizing these tools in the organizational context remains a challenge. In this study, the authors aim to investigate the effects of three specific tools, viz. instant messenger, email and knowledge forum, on facilitating the communication and social network at work, and their subsequent influence on individuals’ work performance. Together with a social network diagram, the proposed model is validated by a survey of 59 employees of a company which embeds these three CMC and social networking tools in the work process. The key findings, implications and future research are discussed.Design/methodology/approachThe authors verify the research model with data from the Hong Kong office of an international bank headquartered in London, UK. They also collected the data on the social networks of 59 employees to draw a network diagram of the respondents using the social network analysis software UCINET.FindingsThe research model is fully supported by the survey data. Meanwhile, the social networks analysis also suggests the linkage of using IM at work and the high level of degree and high level of closeness.Originality/valueThis study provided an empirical verification of media performance theories, evidenced by interactive tools such as IM and email. This research also directly linked the elements of social network, viz. degree, closeness and betweenness, with the CMC and social network tools, the communication, interactivity, relationship, and work performance.