bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of fluid shear stress on catalytic activity of biopalladium nanoparticles produced by Klebsiella Pneumoniae ECU-15 on Cr(VI) reduction reaction
Authors: Lei Bin , Zhang Xu , Zhu Minglong , Tan Wensong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundBiopalladium (bioPd(0)) nanoparticles onKlebsiella PneumoniaeECU-15 were synthesized mainly on the microorganism's surface. Data suggest that the resistance of mass transfer around the cell surface region plays a critical role in bioPd(0) synthesis process. However, the mechanisms for its role remains elusive.ResultsThe experimental results indicated that 1) diffusion resistance existed around the microorganism's cell in reaction vessel and 2) fluid shear stress affected the mass transfer rates differently according to its strength and thus had varying effects on the bioPd(0) synthesis. More than 97.9 ± 1.5% Chromium(VI)(Cr(VI)) (384 μM) was reduced to Cr(III) within 20 min with 5% Pd/bioPd(0) as catalyst, which was generated by theK. PneumoniaeECU-15, and the catalytic performance of Pd/bioPd(0) was stable over 6 months. The optimal condition of bioreduction of Pd(II) to Pd(0) was determined at the Kolmogorov eddy length of 7.33 ± 0.5 μm and lasted for 1 h in the extended reduction process after the usual adsorption and reduction process.ConclusionsIt is concluded that a high bioPd(0) catalytic activity can be achieved by controlling the fluid shear stress intensity in an extended reduction process in the bioreactor.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Patient-Provider Communication, Quality-of-Care Ratings, and Patient Activation Among Long-Term Cancer Survivors
Authors: Palmer Nynikka R.A. , Kent Erin E. , Forsythe Laura P. , Arora Neeraj K. , Rowland Julia H. , Aziz Noreen M. , Blanch-Hartigan Danielle , Oakley-Girvan Ingrid , Hamilton Ann S. , Weaver Kathryn E. 
Published: November 2014

Purpose We examined racial and ethnic disparities in patient-provider communication (PPC), perceived care quality, and patient activation among long-term cancer survivors. Methods In 2005 to 2006, survivors of breast, prostate, colorectal, ovarian, and endometrial cancers completed a mailed survey on cancer follow-up care. African American, Asian/Pacific Islander (Asian), Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white (white) survivors who had seen a physician for follow-up care in the past 2 years (n = 1,196) composed the analytic sample. We conducted linear and logistic regression analyses to identify racial and ethnic differences in PPC (overall communication and medical test communication), perceived care quality, and patient activation in clinical care (self-efficacy in medical decisions and perceived control). We further examined the potential contribution of PPC to racial and ethnic differences in perceived care quality and patient activation. Results Compared with white survivors (mean score, 85.16), Hispanic (mean score, 79.95) and Asian (mean score, 76.55) survivors reported poorer overall communication (P = .04 and P < .001, respectively), and Asian survivors (mean score, 79.97) reported poorer medical test communication (P = .001). Asian survivors were less likely to report high care quality (odds ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.72) and reported lower self-efficacy in medical decisions (mean score, 74.71; P < .001) compared with white survivors (mean score, 84.22). No disparity was found in perceived control. PPC was positively associated with care quality (P < .001) and self-efficacy (P < .001). After adjusting for PPC and other covariates, when compared with whites, Asian disparities remained significant. Conclusion Asian survivors report poorer follow-up care communication and care quality. More research is needed to identify contributing factors beyond PPC, such as cultural influences and medical system factors.
National Survey of US Oncologists' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Patterns Regarding Herb and Supplement Use by Patients With Cancer
Authors: Lee Richard T. , Barbo Andrea , Lopez Gabriel , Melhem-Bertrandt Amal , Lin Heather , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Curlin Farr A. 
Published: November 2014

Purpose Patients with cancer commonly use complementary and alternative medicine, including herbs and supplements (HS), during cancer treatment. This national survey explored oncologists' knowledge, attitudes, and practice patterns regarding HS use by their patients. Methods A survey was sent by mail and e-mail to a random sample of 1,000 members of the American Society for Clinical Oncology. The questions covered several topics: communication patterns, attitudes about HS, education about HS, response to HS use among hypothetical patients with cancer, knowledge of HS adverse effects, and demographic information. Results Among eligible oncologists, 392 (42%) responded to the questionnaire. Most were white (75%) men (71%), with a mean age of 48 years (standard deviation, 9.8 years). On average, oncologists discussed use of HS with 41% of their patients; only 26% of discussions were initiated by the oncologist. Two of three oncologists indicated they did not have enough knowledge to answer questions from patients regarding HS, and 59% had not received any education about the topic. Physician factors associated with having initiated discussions with patients about the use of HS included female sex, higher self-reported knowledge, prior education about HS, increased knowledge about HS adverse effects and interactions, and estimating that > 40% of one's patients with cancer use HS. Conclusion Fewer than one half of oncologists are initiating discussions with patients about HS use, and many indicate that lack of knowledge and education is a barrier to such discussions. Improving physician education about HS may facilitate more physician-patient communication about this important topic.
Redistribution, Hyperproliferation, Activation of Natural Killer Cells and CD8 T Cells, and Cytokine Production During First-in-Human Clinical Trial of Recombinant Human Interleukin-15 in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Conlon Kevin C. , Lugli Enrico , Welles Hugh C. , Rosenberg Steven A. , Fojo Antonio Tito , Morris John C. , Fleisher Thomas A. , Dubois Sigrid P. , Perera Liyanage P. , Stewart Donn M. , Goldman Carolyn K. , Bryant Bonita R. , Decker Jean M. , Chen Jing , Worthy Tat'Yana A. , Figg William D. , Peer Cody J. , Sneller Michael C. , Lane H. Clifford , Yovandich Jason L. , Creekmore Stephen P. , Roederer Mario , Waldmann Thomas A. 
Published: November 2014

Purpose Interleukin-15 (IL-15) has significant potential in cancer immunotherapy as an activator of antitumor CD8 T and natural killer (NK) cells. The primary objectives of this trial were to determine safety, adverse event profile, dose-limiting toxicity, and maximum-tolerated dose of recombinant human IL-15 (rhIL-15) administered as a daily intravenous bolus infusion for 12 consecutive days in patients with metastatic malignancy. Patients and Methods We performed a first in-human trial of Escherichia coli–produced rhIL-15. Bolus infusions of 3.0, 1.0, and 0.3 μg/kg per day of IL-15 were administered for 12 consecutive days to patients with metastatic malignant melanoma or metastatic renal cell cancer. Results Flow cytometry of peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed dramatic efflux of NK and memory CD8 T cells from the circulating blood within minutes of IL-15 administration, followed by influx and hyperproliferation yielding 10-fold expansions of NK cells that ultimately returned to baseline. Up to 50-fold increases of serum levels of multiple inflammatory cytokines were observed. Dose-limiting toxicities observed in patients receiving 3.0 and 1.0 μg/kg per day were grade 3 hypotension, thrombocytopenia, and elevations of ALT and AST, resulting in 0.3 μg/kg per day being determined the maximum-tolerated dose. Indications of activity included clearance of lung lesions in two patients. Conclusion IL-15 could be safely administered to patients with metastatic malignancy. IL-15 administration markedly altered homeostasis of lymphocyte subsets in blood, with NK cells and γδ cells most dramatically affected, followed by CD8 memory T cells. To reduce toxicity and increase efficacy, alternative dosing strategies have been initiated, including continuous intravenous infusions and subcutaneous IL-15 administration.
Realization of System and Activity Approach in the Training According to Requirements of FSES
Authors: Сиротин  , Sirotin Vladimir 
Published: November 2014

The System and Activity Approach is one of the key approaches in the Federal State Educational Standard. Its realization is possible under certain didactic
conditions in the teaching process. The article presents the possibilities of the educational process organization with usage of the System and Activity
Approach according to requirements of FSES.
Some Methodical Features of Work with Multilevel System of Educational tasks, focused on the Unified State Examination Rormat on Mathematics
Authors: Максютин  , Maksyutin A. , Клековкин  , Klekovkin G. 
Published: November 2014

The description of the methods and technology of work with multilevel system of tasks, which is offered in (1) and focused on training of pupils for
Unified State Examination on mathematics.
UNESCO Institute on Information Technologies Massive Open Online Course on Teachers’ ICT Competence
Authors: Бадарч  , Badarch D. , Цветкова  , Tsvetkova Marina 
Published: November 2014

The article describes the analysis of formation and deployment of the massive open online courses (MOOC) for teachers. It considers the features of
WOOC constructionfor professional development of teachers, and analyses the MOOC influence on development of the informational educational
environment for schools in the conditions of development of electronic educational forms. It offers some recommendations about MOOC embedding
into schools’ IT environment based on creation of pedagogical community of regional tutors-methodologists and teachers in joint study of MOOC at
courses IITE UNESCO, and involvement of creative teachers in the formation of author&#180;s OER and MOOC for pupils as environments of electronic study
in the region.
Hacer… hablar; hablar… tal vez habitar. Apuntes sobre lo dicho y hecho por Adolf Loos (1870-1933)
Authors: Arnau Amo Joaquín , Gutiérrez Mozo María Elia 
Published: November 2014

Ornamento y delito y Arquitectura, los dos artículos que sin duda han contribuido a difundir el ideario y a sustentar la celebridad del arquitecto Adolf Loos (1870-1933), proceden de sendas conferencias. Su origen, por consiguiente, es de naturaleza oral. Y la polémica desencadenada a raíz de ellos los convierte, en su época y para la Historia, en auténticos oráculos, cuyo sentido sus transcripciones, tanto francesa como alemana, inevitablemente en parte desvirtúan. Solo cotejando lo dicho por el maestro, y luego escrito y publicado, con su obra edificada podemos restituir el sentido original de su pensamiento. Esta es la hipótesis sobre la que discurrimos.A sus palabras y obras habrá que sumar la atención que el arquitecto y periodista, que así se confiesa, confiere a los oficios y a los materiales que los sustentan, en la línea de pensamiento de Gottfried Semper, como fundamento del diseño. Es pues a la luz de su concurrencia a la obra de arquitectura, y de ésta al espacio de habitación, y no de otros documentos gráficos y fotográficos, como ha de valorarse lo dicho y escrito por Loos, si nos atenemos a sus propias recomendaciones. Lo dicho se ilumina con lo hecho. Y lo hecho se autoriza por lo habitado.
Calprotectin and lactoferrin in the cerebrospinal fluid; biomarkers utilisable for differential diagnostics of bacterial and aseptic meningitis?
Authors: Dastych Milan , Gottwaldová Jana , Čermáková Zdenka 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe aim of our work was to assess the diagnostic contribution of calprotectin and lactoferrin determinations in the cerebrospinal fluid when distinguishing between bacterial and aseptic meningitides.In 23 patients with bacterial meningitis (BM) and in 50 patients with aseptic meningitis (AM), we determined the concentrations of calprotectin, lactoferrin and the conventional biomarkers like glucose, total protein, lactate and polynuclear count in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The discriminative power of the various parameters studied was determined by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves: the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, the positive likelihood ratio (+LR), and the negative likelihood ratio (–LR).The diagnostic efficiency of calprotectin, lactoferrin, lactate, and polynuclear count when distinguishing between bacterial and aseptic meningitides, expressed by ROC curve parameters, was as follows: AUC (0.736, 0.946, 0.932, 0.932), sensitivity (86.2, 96.6, 90.0, 89.7), specificity (58.5, 92.4, 87.0, 90.6), +LR (2.08, 12.8, 6.9, 9.50), –LR (0.24, 0.04, 0.11, 0.11), respectively. The optimal cut point for calprotectin and lactoferrin was 191 ng/mL and 17.8 ng/mL, respectively.Our findings show, that the determination of lactoferrin in the CSF was diagnostically the most efficient marker in distinguishing between bacterial and viral meningitides. Calprotectin was far less efficient diagnostic marker. The polynuclear count and lactate concentration showed a very good diagnostic efficiency as well. The determination of protein and glucose was diagnostically less beneficial.
Application of low-temperature low-pressure hydrogen plasma: treatment of artificially prepared corrosion layers
Authors: Fojtíková Petra , Řádková Lucie , Janová Drahomíra , Krčma František 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The aim of this work is the application of low-temperature low-pressure hydrogen plasma on artificially prepared corrosion layers, so called plasma chemical reduction. It is necessary to use samples with artificially prepared corrosion layers because it is impossible to use the real artifacts for fundamental research. The bronze was chosen as a sample material. Formation of corrosion layers on the bronze samples was carried out in concentrated hydrochloric acid vapors with the addition of sand. The radio-frequency hydrogen plasma was generated in the flowing regime at a pressure of 160 Pa. Different values of supplied power were chosen as well as different discharge modes: continuous or pulsed mode with varied duty cycles. By the combination of supplied power and mode factors, we selected two values of effective power. The process of plasma chemical reduction was monitored by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and simultaneously, the sample temperature was measured. Rotational temperatures were calculated from OH radicals spectra. Changes in the structure and elemental composition were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).
Effects of acetylation and formalization on the dynamic water vapor sorption behavior of wood
Authors: Himmel Sarah , Mai Carsten 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The dynamic water vapor sorption of untreated, acetylated (Wac), and formaldehyde-treated (WFA) Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood was studied in a dynamic vapor sorption apparatus to assess the effects of cell wall bulking and cross-linking. Both modifications resulted in a considerable reduction of reduced equilibrium moisture content (EMCR), the corresponding equilibrium times, and hysteresis in the hydroscopic range of wood. Acetylation reduced the adsorption and desorption of water at each given relative humidity (RH) step from 0% to 95% RH, whereas formalization affected the sorption behavior of wood solely above 20% RH. From 20% to 95% RH, the EMC ratio of WFA to its control steadily decreased, whereas the EMC ratio of Wac was still constant in this RH range. Below 20% RH, the sorption behavior of Wac was governed by hydroxyl blocking, whereas that of WFA was hardly influenced compared with the control. Above 20% RH, the sorption behavior of Wac was solely determined by cell wall bulking, whereas that of WFA was governed by the increased matrix stiffness due to the cross-linking of cell wall polymers.
Reproducibility of a 75G oral glucose tolerance test in pregnant women
Authors: Bonongwe Phylos , Lindow Stephen W. , Coetzee Edward J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTo determine the reproducibility of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).A retrospective study of 205 women who underwent screening for gestational diabetes.A university teaching hospital in a South African city.Women who had an abnormal OGTT had the test repeated during the same pregnancy without any diabetic or dietary advice given in the intervening time period.Women with two OGTTs in the same pregnancy had a proforma completed at the time. Completed proformas were filed and reviewed for the purpose of this study.The κ statistic was used for estimating the agreement between repeated tests using the same nominal or dichotomous scale.The OGTT was repeated during the index pregnancy in 205 women and in a subset of 76 women within 17 days. The κ statistic was 0.269 for 205 women and 0.212 for 76 women for the fasting glucose value (fair strength of agreement). The κ statistic for the 2-h glucose value was 0.157 for 205 patients and 0.174 for 76 patients (slight strength of agreement). The overall OGGT classification produced κ statistics of 0.167 and 0.150 for the whole group and the 76 patients, respectively.The reproducibility was better with the fasting glucose and less with the 2-h result and the overall OGGT classification. Caution needs to be exercised when interpreting the single positive result of an OGTT in pregnant women.
Team Reasoning and Intentional Cooperation for Mutual Benefit
Authors: Sugden Robert 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper proposes a concept of intentional cooperation for mutual benefit. This concept uses a form of team reasoning in which team members aim to achieve common interests, rather than maximising a common utility function, and in which team reasoners can coordinate their behaviour by following pre-existing practices. I argue that a market transaction can express intentions for mutually beneficial cooperation even if, extensionally, participation in the transaction promotes each party’s self-interest.
Beyond Supervenience and Construction
Authors: Ruben David-Hillel 
Published: November 2014

AbstractI assume that identity theories and reductive strategies generally about the relationship between both the physical and the mental and the non-social and the social fail and I remind the reader why this is so. The mind cannot be reduced to body and the social (and this includes social action) cannot be reduced to what goes on in the minds of individuals and to their non-social actions, even when physical environment is added to the allegedly reducing base. I canvass two alternatives: supervenience and constructivism. My discussion of supervenience is by way of a survey of the work of others. Supervenience turns out to be too ‘brute’ a relation to account for the mind-body or the nonsocial-social relationships (I explain the idea of ‘brute’ in the paper). Supervenience is essentially a co-variance relation and even if the social were to supervene on the nonsocial, or the mental on the physical, supervenience leaves that co-variance inexplicable and mysterious. I ask whether constructivist solutions could explain the co-variance between levels any better (I look specifically at the work of John Searle) and I raise some issues with regard to the ability of constructivism to explain these relationships. Searle sees the institutional and social world through the perspective of various levels, in ways similar to the way in which the reductionist and the supervenience theorists did. My main argument is to offer an analogue problem for constructivism that was raised for supervenience. I conclude that constructivism could escape the problem of ‘brute’ co-variation between levels only by adopting a thoroughgoing irrealist perspective on the institutional and social.
Human Persons as Social Entities
Authors: Baker Lynne Rudder 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe aim of this article is to show that human persons belong, ontologically, in social ontology. After setting out my views on ontology, I turn to persons and argue that they have first-person perspectives in two stages (rudimentary and robust) essentially. Then I argue that the robust stage of the first-person persective is social, in that it requires a language, and languages require linguistic communities. Then I extend the argument to cover the rudimentary stage of the first-person perspective as well. I conclude by enumerating ways in which human persons differ from nonhuman animals.
Pécs gazdasági és társadalmi helyzete az Erzsébet Tudományegyetem Pécsre költözése évtizedében
Authors: Kaposi Zoltán 
Published: November 2014

In the period of the Austro-Hungarian Dualism (1876–1918), Pécs was one of the fastest developing cities in Hungary. The two determining factors in its development were the birth of the manufacturing industry and coal-mining which offered employment for a large number of workers. As a time of major technical innovations, this period also marks the birth of some of the world-famous private enterprises in Pécs (Zsolnay, Angster, etc.). However, following the outbreak of World War I, industrial development was arrested. During the war and the three-year-occupation of the city by Serbian troops, the economic and social structures of Pécs underwent an important change. Real income dropped, the city drained its reserves and Serbian troops ransacked the city after 1918. As a result of the great losses of resources, progress after August 1921, when the Serbian troops were withdrawn, proved to be rather ambiguous. Undoubtedly, the population of the city was rapidly growing because Pécs, offering greater possibilities, attracted many people from the wider region. At the same time, the decline of industry, together with the decrease in the demand for labour, posed a serious challenge. The production capacities of many factories had to be reduced, and there began a concentration of privately run former factories and their reorganization into shareholding companies. Until the end of 1926, coal mines owned by DGT, had to turn over most of its production to pay reparations to Yugoslavia. Between 1920 and 1930, there was a severe drop in the number of enterprises which had always played a significant role in the small-scale industries of Pécs. Although in the latter half of the 1920s there were already signs of recovery in the slow stabilization of the local economy, the private sector continued to stand on shaky legs. It was an interesting change, which coincided with the practice of other towns in the country, that in the 1920s the city took over the task of the stimulatation of economy. Pécs began to play a growing part in the functioning of local infrastructure (the supply of gas, water, and electricity; education and local transport), but it is also true that, because of these unavoidable developments, it accumulated debts in the latter half of the decade (see the Speyer Loan). The slow development of the city came to a grinding halt at the time of the global economic crisis that could be felt from the end of 1929 onwards; the rapid rise of unemployment and the loss of markets meant newer problems that were difficult to manage.
(Translated by Gabriella Hartvig)
Fotó: Fortepan / POTE
Idegen nyelvi lektorok működése az Erzsébet Tudományegyetemen (1918−1949)
Authors: Sztana-Kovács Adrienn 
Published: November 2014

Annak ellenére, hogy a magyar hallgatók idegennyelvtudásának a mindenkori kultúrpolitika irányítói a tárgyalt korszakban egyre növekvő jelentőséget tulajdonítottak, az egyetemtörténeti kutatások az egyes intézményekben működő lektorátusok történetével eddig csak érintőlegesen foglalkoztak.
A megjelent tanulmányok főként a külföldi ösztöndíjak rendszerének kialakítását, a külföldi intézetek, tanszékek, Collegium Hungaricumok és a lektorátusok létrehozását tárgyalták. Tanulmányunkban az 1912-ben megalapított, és 1914-ben Pozsonyban működését megkezdő Erzsébet Tudományegyetemen folyó nyelvi képzés történetének összefoglalására teszünk kísérletet.