bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Extruded Instant Functional Rice Porridge Powder as Affected by the Addition of Soybean or Mung Bean
Authors: Mayachiew Pornpimon , Charunuch Chulaluck , Devahastin Sakamon 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLegumes contain protein, micronutrients, and bioactive compounds, which provide various health benefits. In this study, soybean or mung bean was mixed in rice flour to produce by extrusion instant functional legume‐rice porridge powder. The effects of the type and percentage (10%, 20%, or 30%, w/w) of legumes on the expansion ratio of the extrudates were first evaluated. Amino acid composition, color, and selected physicochemical (bulk density, water absorption index, and water solubility index), thermal (onset temperature, peak temperature, and transition enthalpy), and pasting (peak viscosity, trough viscosity, and final viscosity) properties of the powder were determined. The crystalline structure and formation of amylose–lipid complexes and the total phenolics content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of the powder were also measured. Soybean‐blended porridge powder exhibited higher TPC, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, amino acid, and fat contents than the mung bean–blended porridge powder. Incorporating either legume affected the product properties by decreasing the lightness and bulk density, while increasing the greenness and yellowness and the peak temperature and transition enthalpy. Expansion capacity of the extrudates increased with percentage of mung bean in the mixture but decreased as the percentage of soybean increased. Amylose–lipid complexes formation was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis results. Addition of soybean or mung bean resulted in significant pasting property changes of the porridge powder.
Concentration of Umami Compounds in Pork Meat and Cooking Juice with Different Cooking Times and Temperatures
Authors: Rotola‐Pukkila Minna K. , Pihlajaviita Seija T. , Kaimainen Mika T. , Hopia Anu I. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study examined the concentrations of umami compounds in pork loins cooked at 3 different temperatures and 3 different lengths of cooking times. The pork loins were cooked with the sous vide technique. The free amino acids (FAAs), glutamic acid and aspartic acid; the 5′‐nucleotides, inosine‐5′‐monophosphate (IMP) and adenosine‐5′‐monophosphate (AMP); and corresponding nucleoside inosine of the cooked meat and its released juice were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Under the experimental conditions used, the cooking temperature played a more important role than the cooking time in the concentration of the analyzed compounds. The amino acid concentrations in the meat did not remain constant under these experimental conditions. The most notable effect observed was that of the cooking temperature and the higher amino acid concentrations in the released juice of meat cooked at 80 °C compared with 60 and 70 °C. This is most likely due to the heat induced hydrolysis of proteins and peptides releasing water soluble FAAs from the meat into the cooking juice. In this experiment, the cooking time and temperature had no influence on the IMP concentrations observed. However, the AMP concentrations increased with the increasing temperature and time. This suggests that the choice of time and temperature in sous vide cooking affects the nucleotide concentration of pork meat. The Sous vide technique proved to be a good technique to preserve the cooking juice and the results presented here show that cooking juice is rich in umami compounds, which can be used to provide a savory or brothy taste.
Safety and efficacy of single‐agent docetaxel (Taxotere) administered weekly in non‐small cell lung carcinoma patients in Korea: An observational study
Authors: Lim Sun Min , Park Byeong Bae , Park Keun‐Chil , Kim Hoon‐Kyo , Lee Jong Seok , Bae Sung Hwa , Lee Seung‐Sei , Kang Jin‐Hyoung , Park Se‐Hoon , Lee Gyeong‐Won , Lee Hyo‐Rac , Seo Jae Hong , Kim Yong Tae , Yang Sung Hyun , Kim Joo‐Hang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of weekly docetaxel treatment in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in Korea.MethodsThis prospective observational study included Korean advanced NSCLC patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status <2 who received weekly monotherapy of docetaxel at a dose determined by the physician. Efficacy measurements included tumor response rate, overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival, and one‐year survival rate. Safety was analyzed through recorded incidences of adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), deaths, and other related safety parameters, along with their toxicity grades.Results: Of 274 patients analyzed, one patient achieved a complete response and 42 partial responses; thus, the overall response rate was 15.7%. The OS rate at baseline and at one‐year follow‐up was 38.3% and 33.8%, respectively. AEs were reported in 229 (83.6%) patients. The most frequently reported hematologic AE of grade ≥3 was a decrease in neutrophils, with 6.6% of the patients developing neutropenia. In non‐hematologic AEs of grade ≥3, the most common were infection with unknown absolute neutrophil count and death not associated with Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) (4.7% each). The most common SAE reported was death, not associated with CTCAE (7.3%).ConclusionsIn Korean patients, the weekly regimen of docetaxel monotherapy was safe and efficacious against advanced NSCLC.
Pupillary response to direct and consensual chromatic light stimuli
Authors: Traustason Sindri , Brondsted Adam Elias , Sander Birgit , Lund‐Andersen Henrik 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeTo assess whether the direct and consensual postillumination (ipRGC‐driven) pupil light responses to chromatic light stimuli are equal in healthy subjects.MethodsPupil responses in healthy volunteers were recorded using a prototype binocular chromatic pupillometer (IdeaMedical, Copenhagen), which is capable of both direct and consensual pupillometry measurements. The device uses a pair of dual monochromatic narrow bandwidth LED light sources, red (660 nm) and blue (470 nm). Pupil light responses were recorded with infrared video cameras and analysed using custom‐made circuitry and software. Subjects were randomized to receive light stimuli at either the right or left eye after 5 min of dark adaptation. Pupil light responses were recorded in both eyes for 10 seconds before illumination, during illumination and 50 seconds after illumination with red and blue light. Three variables were defined for the recorded pupil responses: the maximal constriction amplitude (CAmax), the pupil response during illumination and postillumination pupil response (PIPR).ResultsNo difference was found in the pupil response to blue light. With red light, the pupil response during illumination was slightly larger during consensual illumination compared to direct illumination (0.54 and 0.52, respectively, p = 0.027, paired Wilcoxon's test, n = 12), while no differences were found for CAmax or the PIPR.ConclusionsNo difference was found between direct and consensual pupil response to either red or blue light in the postillumination period. Direct and consensual responses can readily be compared when examining the postillumination pupil response to blue light as estimation of photosensitive retinal ganglion cell activation.
Evaluation of corneal biomechanical properties using an ocular response analyser to examine aphakic and pseudophakic patients after congenital cataract surgery
Authors: Simsek Tulay , Soba Dilek Ozçelik , Tırhış Mehmet Hakan , Yılmazbaş Pelin , Öztürk Faruk 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPurposeWe evaluated corneal biomechanical properties in aphakic and pseudophakic patients after congenital cataract surgery and compared the data with those of age‐matched normal subjects.MethodsWe included 43 eyes of 43 aphakic or pseudophakic patients treated via congenital cataract surgery. As controls, 42 healthy age‐ and sex‐matched subjects were enrolled. After a complete ophthalmic examination, central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were determined. Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), corneal‐compensated IOP (IOPcc) and Goldmann‐correlated IOP (IOPg) were recorded using an ocular response analyser.ResultsIn the study group, 18 eyes were aphakic and 25 eyes pseudophakic. We found a significant difference in CCT between the aphakic, pseudophakic and control groups (p < 0.001). No significant among‐group differences were detected in CH or CRF (p > 0.05). We found significant differences in IOPcc, IOPg and IOP measured with Goldmann applanation tonometry (IOPGAT) between the study and control groups (p < 0.001). In contrast, we found no significant differences within the two study groups in terms of these three IOP values (p > 0.05).ConclusionAlthough CCT increased after congenital cataract surgery, corneal biomechanical parameters, including CH and the CRF, were not affected by such surgery. Determination of the IOPcc did not provide any additional information on true IOP, which was independent of CCT in both aphakic and pseudophakic patients after congenital cataract surgery.
Does infertility history affect the emotional adjustment of couples undergoing assisted reproduction? the mediating role of the importance of parenthood
Authors: Moura‐Ramos Mariana , Gameiro Sofia , Canavarro Maria Cristina , Soares Isabel , Almeida‐Santos Teresa 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesThe emotional adjustment of couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments has been widely studied; however, it remains unclear whether infertility history contributes to couples' adjustment. This study examined the impact of infertility history (duration of infertility and number of previousARTtreatment cycles) on the emotional adjustment of couples undergoing anARTcycle and the mediating effect of importance of parenthood on that association.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 70 infertile couples (70 women and 70 men) completed self‐report questionnaires assessing emotional adjustment and infertility stress during the hormonal stimulation phase of anARTcycle. Path models accounting for the dyadic nature of the data examined the direct and indirect effects (by affecting representations about parenthood and childlessness) of infertility history on emotional adjustment.ResultsThe number of previous cycles affected men's, but not women's, emotional adjustment by affecting the representations on the importance of parenthood and of childlessness. Duration of infertility had the opposite effect, as couples with longer infertility reported heightened importance of parenthood, which negatively affected their emotional adjustment.ConclusionsInfertility history was associated with emotional adjustment in men and women, although these associations were complex. The results suggest that progression through treatment is harder for those men and women who attribute higher importance to being parents, which is aggravated by longer infertility.Statement of contributionWhat is already known about the subject?Infertility is an unexpected and stressful life eventAssisted reproductive treatments (ART) are emotionally demandingWhat does this study add?The influence of infertility history on adjustment is mediated by the importance of parenthoodMen and women are affected by their past history of infertility differently
Sufficiency and Necessity Assumptions in Causal Structure Induction
Authors: Mayrhofer Ralf , Waldmann Michael R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractResearch on human causal induction has shown that people have general prior assumptions about causal strength and about how causes interact with the background. We propose that these prior assumptions about the parameters of causal systems do not only manifest themselves in estimations of causal strength or the selection of causes but also when deciding between alternative causal structures. In three experiments, we requested subjects to choose which of two observable variables was the cause and which the effect. We found strong evidence that learners have interindividually variable but intraindividually stable priors about causal parameters that express a preference for causal determinism (sufficiency or necessity; Experiment 1). These priors predict which structure subjects preferentially select. The priors can be manipulated experimentally (Experiment 2) and appear to be domain‐general (Experiment 3). Heuristic strategies of structure induction are suggested that can be viewed as simplified implementations of the priors.
Cognitive Metaphor Theory and the Metaphysics of Immediacy
Authors: Madsen Mathias W. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOne of the core tenets of cognitive metaphor theory is the claim that metaphors ground abstract knowledge in concrete, first‐hand experience. In this paper, I argue that this grounding hypothesis contains some problematic conceptual ambiguities and, under many reasonable interpretations, empirical difficulties. I present evidence that there are foundational obstacles to defining a coherent and cognitively valid concept of “metaphor” and “concrete meaning,” and some general problems with singling out certain domains of experience as more immediate than others. I conclude from these considerations that whatever the facts are about the comprehension of individual metaphors, the available evidence is incompatible with the notion of an underlying conceptual structure organized according to the immediacy of experience.
microRNA‐762 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion by targeting IRF7 expression
Authors: Li Yongping , Huang Ruixue , Wang Ling , Hao Junsheng , Zhang Qiong , Ling Rui , Yun Jun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectivesmiRNAs play crucial roles in human tumourigenesis. This study was performed to measure expression and function of miR‐762 in breast cancer.Materials and methodsExpression of miR‐762 in breast tissues and cell lines (SK‐BR‐3, DA‐MB‐435s, MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231, HBL‐100) was measured by using real‐time RT‐PCR. We restored expression of miR‐762 in MCF‐7 cells to measure its functional roles. Luciferase assays were performed to reveal the target gene of miR‐762.ResultsExpression of miR‐762 was high in both breast cancer cell lines and specimens, and its overexpression increased breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) is a direct target of miR‐762 and overexpression of miR‐762 reduced expression of IRF7. Moreover, IRF7 was repressed, its levels inversely correlated to miR‐762 expression. IRF7 rescued miR‐762‐induced cell invasion and proliferation.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that miR‐762 tumour effect was achieved by targeting IRF7 in human breast cancer specimens.
Connectivity of the global network of protected areas
Authors: Santini Luca , Saura Santiago , Rondinini Carlo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimMillennia of human activity have drastically shaped the Earth's surface confining wildlife in ever more rare and sparse habitat fragments. Within the strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020, Aichi Target 11 aims at the expansion of the current protected area (PA) system and the maintenance and improvement of its connectivity. This study aims at providing the first overview of the functionality of the PA networks across the six continents at different dispersal distances relevant for terrestrial mammals.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe used a graph theory approach to assess the connectivity of PA networks of different continents across a wide range of dispersal distances. We assessed the connectivity of country‐level PA networks, the connectivity of continental PA networks and the contribution of country‐level PA networks to continental connectivity.ResultsNational and continental networks are characterized by very different spatial arrangements that translate into different levels of connectivity, ranging from networks where the reachable area is mostly determined by structural connectivity within PAs (e.g. Africa) to networks where connectivity mostly depends on animal dispersal among PAs (e.g. Europe). PA size correlates positively with connectivity for all species, followed by PA number; dispersal contributes less and positively interacts with number of PAs.Main conclusionsContinental networks perform worse than national networks. Transboundary connectivity is often weak and should be improved, especially for countries that are important in promoting continental connectivity. Increasing PA coverage and size is a good strategy to improve multispecies connectivity.
Surgical treatment for refractory epileptic spasms: The Detroit series
Authors: Chugani Harry T. , Ilyas Mohammed , Kumar Ajay , Juhász Csaba , Kupsky William J. , Sood Sandeep , Asano Eishi 
Published: November 2015

SummaryObjectiveWe reviewed our experience of surgery for epileptic spasms (ES) with or without history of infantile spasms.MethodsData were reviewed from 65 (33 male) patients with ES who underwent surgery between 1993 and 2014; palliative cases were excluded.ResultsMean age at surgery was 5.1 (range 0.2–19) years, with mean postsurgical follow‐up of 45.3 (6–120) months. Mean number of anticonvulsants used preoperatively was 4.2 (2–8), which decreased to 1.2 (0–4) postoperatively (p < 0.0001). Total hemispherectomy was the most commonly performed surgery (n = 20), followed by subtotal hemispherectomy (n = 17), multilobar resection (n = 13), lobectomy (n = 7), tuberectomy (n = 6), and lobectomy + tuberectomy (n = 2), with International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) class I outcome in 20, 10, 7, 6, 3, and 0 patients, respectively (total 46/65 (71%); 22 off medication). Shorter duration of epilepsy (p = 0.022) and presence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion (p = 0.026) were independently associated with class I outcome. Of 34 patients operated <3 years after seizure onset, 30 (88%) achieved class I outcome. Thirty‐seven (79%) of 47 patients with lesional MRI had class‐I outcome, whereas 9 (50%) of 18 with normal MRI had class I outcome. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan was abnormal in almost all patients [61 (97%) of 63 with lateralizing/localizing findings in 56 (92%) of 61 patients, thus helping in surgical decision making and guiding subdural grid placements, particularly in patients with nonlesional MRI. Fifteen patients had postoperative complications, mostly minor.SignificanceCurative epilepsy surgery in ES patients, with or without history of infantile spasms, is best accomplished at an early age and in those patients with lesional abnormalities on MRI with electroencephalography (EEG) concordance. Good outcomes can be achieved even when there is no MRI lesion but positive PET localization.
What are the support experiences and needs of patients who have received bariatric surgery?
Authors: Sharman Melanie , Hensher Martin , Wilkinson Stephen , Williams Danielle , Palmer Andrew , Venn Alison , Ezzy Douglas 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the support needs and experiences of patients who had received publicly or privately funded bariatric surgery and the importance of this support in mediating outcomes of surgery.MethodsSeven semi‐structured focus groups were conducted. A broad interview schedule guided the discussions which were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsTwenty‐six women and 15 men with a mean age of 54 years (range 24–72) participated in the study. Participants described support needs from health professionals, significant others (family and friends), peers (bariatric surgery recipients) and the general community. Peer, dietetic and psychological support were identified as important factors influencing the outcomes (e.g. weight reduction or health improvement) or experience of bariatric surgery but were identified as infrequently received or inadequately provided. Psychological support was proposed as one of the most significant but commonly overlooked components of care. Support needs appeared higher in the first year post‐surgery, when subsequent related or unrelated surgeries were required and following significant life change such as worsening health. For some participants, deficits in support appeared to negatively influence the experience or outcomes of surgery.ConclusionProviders of bariatric surgery should discuss support needs and accessibility regularly with patients especially in the first year post‐surgery and following significant change in a patient's life (e.g. declined health or childbirth). Nutrition, psychological and peer support (e.g. through support groups) may be especially important for some patients.
cBN–TiC and WC–Co Composites: Optimization of Co‐Extruding Conditions
Authors: Wang Zhe‐Neng , Wang Cui‐Feng , Ou Shih‐Fu , Xu Hui‐Han 
Published: November 2015

In this study, double‐layer tubes with inner‐layer cubic boron nitride–titanium carbide (cBN–TiC) and outer‐layer tungsten carbide–cobalt (WC–Co) were fabricated by co‐extrusion. The Taguchi method was used to determine the optimal parameters, including extrusion ratio, half‐die angle, extrusion speed, and binder amount. The double‐layer tube made using these optimal parameters had an inner‐layer hardness of 3825 Hv and an outer‐layer hardness of 1849 Hv. The porosity of the double‐layer tube was 10.4%. Furthermore, the crystalline structures obtained from the inner and outer layers were cBN, TiC, TiB2, and BNi and WC and Co2C phases.
The role of autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of autoimmune disorders
Authors: Rebeiro P. , Moore J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAutologous haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been used for over 30 years for malignant haematological diseases, such as myeloma and lymphoma, with considerable success. More recently this procedure has been adopted as a form of high dose immunosuppression in selected patients with autoimmune diseases that are resistant to conventional therapies. Animal models have previously outlined the rationale and validity of HSCT in patients with these non‐malignant, but in many cases, life‐threatening conditions. Recent data have that deletion of putative autoreactive immune clones with reconstitution of a thymic driven, tolerant immune system occurs in HSCT for auto‐immune patients. Two randomised control trials have confirmed that HSCT is superior to monthly cyclophosphamide in systemic sclerosis with a highly significant disease free and overall survival benefit demonstrated in the Autologous Stem cell Transplantation International Scleroderma trial. Over 2000 patients worldwide with autoimmune conditions have been treated with HSCT – the commonest indications being multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic sclerosis. Encouraging relapse free survival of 70–80% at 4 years, in heavily pre‐treated MS patients, has been demonstrated in Phase II trials. A Phase III trial in MS patients who have failed interferon is currently accruing patients. Future challenges include improvements in safety of HSCT, particularly in cardiac assessment of systemic sclerosis patients, cost–benefit analyses of HSCT compared to standard therapy and establishment of centres of excellence to continue to enhance the safety and benefit of this exciting new therapy.