bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi‐statischer Ansatz der seismischen Anregung von Böschungen mit nicht‐linearer Wellenausbreitung
Authors: Triantafyllidis Theodoros , Grandas‐Tavera Carlos Eduardo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFür vereinfachte Stabilitätsbetrachtungen von Böschungen bei Erdbebenbelastungen werden pseudo‐statische Verfahren benutzt. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Methode vorgestellt, wie man mit einfachen Mitteln der nicht‐linearen Wellenausbreitung einen auf physikalischer Grundlage ermittelten pseudo‐statischen Koeffizienten zur Standsicherheitsbetrachtung von Böschungen herleiten kann. Für einige Erdbauwerke oder Böschungen führen die erhöhten Anforderungen durch die Berücksichtigung einer seismischen Belastung für 2500‐jährige Wiederkehrperioden und die Verwendung von vereinfachten pseudo‐statischen Verfahren zu Sicherheitsfaktoren kleiner eins. Anhand eines Beispiels einer Restseeböschung wurde das Verfahren zur Ermittlung eines pseudo‐statischen Koeffizienten erläutert und mit der Berechnung der permanenten Verformungen gezeigt, dass auch Gleichgewichtszustände für den Sicherheitsfaktor kleiner eins existieren und die Bemessung in solchen Fällen sich eher auf die Zulässigkeit dieser Verformungen im Hinblick auf die Nutzungsbeeinträchtigung und Vulnerabilität (Sekundärgefährdung) des Hinterlandes konzentrieren sollte.Quasi‐static approach for stability analysis of slopes under seismic excitation using non‐linear wave propagationFor the simplified stability analysis of slopes under seismic loading pseudo‐static methods are used in some cases. In the limit equilibrium analysis the inertial force is considered to be static by the use of seismic coefficients, which relate the horizontal mass acceleration to the earth acceleration. In this paper such coefficients are derived on the physical basis of non‐linear wave propagation within the slope. Recent design requirements of earth structures or slopes for seismic events within recurrence period of 2500 years lead for some projects by the employment of the simplified pseudo‐static methods to overall factors of safety less than one. For the example of a slope within a brown coal open cut mining and filling area the derivation of the seismic coefficient is demonstrated and with FEM calculations for the non‐linear dynamic case it is shown that states of equilibrium exist below the global factor of safety equal one. The design therefore has to take into account in such cases the acceptance criteria for deformations based on the serviceability and vulnerability of the nearby infrastructure affected by the permanent deformations of the slope.
Einfach‐ und Hightech‐Konstruktionen aus Holz
Authors: Natterer Julius 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWird Holz als nachwachsender Werkstoff das Baumaterial des XXI. Jahrhunderts? In der heutigen Zeit, in der ökologische Überlegungen zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen, kann der Werkstoff Holz vor allem unter dem Aspekt der CO2‐Emissionen und energetischer Gesichtspunkte gewichtige Trümpfe ausspielen. Zum einen benötigt die Verarbeitung im Vergleich zu anderen Baustoffen nur sehr wenig fossile Energie. Darüber hinaus kann das im Holz abgelagerte CO2 nicht nur sinnvoll “entsorgt” sprich verbaut werden, sondern neues CO2 der Atmosphäre durch Wiederaufforstung gebunden werden.
Querkraftermüdung von Spannbetonträgern ohne Querkraftbewehrung
Authors: Teworte Frederik , Hegger Josef 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBrücken aus den 1960–70er Jahren wurden aufgrund der hohen Vorspannung häufig mit sehr geringen Querkraftbewehrungsgraden ausgeführt, die kleiner als die heute üblichen Mindestquerkraftbewehrungsgrade sind. Ursprünglich nach dem Hauptzugspannungskriterium bemessen, lassen sich diese Brücken heute nicht mit den Fachwerkmodellen nach DIN‐Fachbericht 102 nachweisen. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird der Querkraftnachweis nach dem Hauptzugspannungskriterium (Gl. 4.119 DIN‐Fachbericht 102) für zyklische Beanspruchung (Ermüdung) erweitert.Der Beitrag beschreibt die durchgeführten Ermüdungsversuche an sechs Trägern ohne Querkraftbewehrung mit einem doppeltsymmetrischen profilierten I‐Querschnitt und sieben Trägern mit einem Plattenbalkenquerschnitt. Anhand der ertragenen Lastspiele wurden für Spannbetonträger ohne Querkraftbewehrung modifizierte Hauptzugspannungskriterien in Form von GOODMAN‐Diagrammen zur Ermittlung der Querkrafttragfähigkeit unter zyklischer Beanspruchung entwickelt.Fatigue of prestressed beams without web reinforcement under cyclic shearMany existing bridge structures built in the 1960s and 1970s typically feature a high degree of prestressing. They often contain less web reinforcement than the actually required minimum web reinforcement. Therefore, their shear bearing capacity, originally determined based on the principal tensile strength criterion, cannot be verified with the strut and tie models of DIN‐Fachbericht 102. Within a research programme, the shear design based on the principal tensile strength criterion has been modified for cyclic shear load (shear fatigue).The present paper describes the performed fatigue tests on six I‐shaped and seven T‐shaped prestressed beams without web reinforcement. Based on the resisted load cycles until failure, modified approaches for shear fatigue in terms of GOODMAN‐Diagrams based on the principal tensile strength criterion have been developed.
Significant Cation Effects in Carbon Dioxide–Ionic Liquid Systems
Authors: Hollóczki Oldamur , Kelemen Zsolt , Könczöl László , Szieberth Dénes , Nyulászi László , Stark Annegret , Kirchner Barbara 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCarbon dioxide–ionic liquid systems are of great current interest, and significant efforts have been made lately to understand the intermolecular interactions in these systems. In general, all the experimental and theoretical studies have concluded so far that the main solute–solvent interaction takes effect through the anion, and the cation has no, or only a secondary role in solvation. In this theoretical approach it is shown that this view is unfounded, and evidence is provided that, similarly to the benzene–CO2 system, dispersion interactions are present between the solute and the cation. Therefore, this defines a novel site for tailoring solvents to tune CO2 solubility.
Ethernet transport system supporting delay‐sensitive real‐time traffics
Authors: Cho Jae Hun , Kim Hoon , Yoon Chong‐Ho , Cho Sungdae , Lee Tae‐Jin 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYWe propose and demonstrate an Ethernet transport system that can support hard real‐time traffics with guaranteed throughput and very low jitter performance even in the presence of asynchronous traffics. The superframe structure‐based Ethernet system first synchronizes all the nodes in a network by using the IEEE 1588‐compliant boundary clock scheme and then reserves the traffic channels for synchronous traffics before accommodating both synchronous and asynchronous traffics in the superframe. Our experimental demonstration performed on field‐programmable gate array‐enabled Gigabit Ethernet test benches shows that the proposed scheme not only guarantees the throughput of the synchronous frames but also substantially reduces the jitter of the synchronous frames less than 110 ns after seven‐hop transmission. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explaining Fortifications in Indo‐Pacific Prehistory
Authors: FIELD JULIE S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper puts forward the premise that fortifications are uniquely suited to addressing questions of climatic variation and human response, as they are large, permanent repositories of human history, and also reflect behaviors directly associated with conflict, territorialism, and the limits of local environments. A revision of theoretical perspectives and a model of conflict derived from human behavioral ecology can better direct future research. In application, this model outlines a program of research for fortifications, which can be used to more critically assess the impact of paleoclimatic change on human prehistory.
Fortification as a human response to late Holocene climate change in East Timor
Authors: LAPE PETER V. , CHIN‐YUNG CHAO 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe present evidence for a significant shift in human landscape use in post 1000 AD East Timor towards fortified and defensively‐oriented settlement sites. We propose a model of agents selecting to invest in fortification building that is based on the spatial and temporal variation in the availability of rainfall‐dependent resources. These resources may have been significantly impacted by climatic events associated with ENSO variation, and we discuss spatial and temporal correlation with ENSO warm phase frequency and dates of initial fortification building.
The reconstructed environment and absolute dating of SE‐SZ‐8 Lapita site on Nendö, Santa Cruz, Solomon Islands.
Authors: GREEN ROGER C. , JONES MARTIN , SHEPPARD PETER 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe SE‐SZ‐8 site of Nanggu is a large Lapita site in the Reef/Santa Cruz group of the Southeast Solomon Islands. This paper provides a detailed discussion of its geomorphological and environmental context on Santa Cruz and the within site position of four marine shell dates from it, followed by a Bayesian analysis of the radiocarbon dating of the site. The analysis includes two new marine shell dates on additional species to overcome possible problems due to species selected for dating. Together these data indicate that despite recent critique of the sequence of the three excavated decorated Lapita sites (SE‐SZ‐8, SE‐RF‐2, SE‐RF‐6) proposed by Green (1991a) for the Reef/Santa Cruz Group there is little basis to suggest the Nanggu site is not both the oldest dated Lapita site in the sequence, but also earlier than any other so far identified within the period of early Lapita colonization of Remote Oceania.
Patterns of chronological variability in occupation on the coastal margin of Blue Mud Bay
Authors: FAULKNER PATRICK 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of radiocarbon dating of shell mounds and middens in Blue Mud Bay, northern Australia. The aim is to investigate variability in use of the landscape and foraging activity through time. By considering both mounded and non‐mounded shell deposits, results indicate that occupation and use of coastal landscapes during the Holocene in this region of northeast Arnhem Land was highly variable, with several overlapping phases of occupation and gaps in site formation. As in some other Australian regions, this implies a discontinuous or nonlinear pattern of occupation, one that suggests the late Holocene occupation of coastal Blue Mud Bay may be characterised by variability in the distribution and intensity of foraging behaviour through time and space.
Organizing the manufacture of Bondi points at Balmoral Beach, Middle Harbour, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Authors: ATTENBROW VAL , DOELMAN TRUDY , CORKILL TESSA 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAnalysis of the stone artefact assemblage excavated from a stratified midden in a sandstone rockshelter at Balmoral Beach in Middle Harbour, Sydney, has revealed various strategies were adopted in manufacturing asymmetric backed artefacts, also known as Bondi points. The irregular morphology of many Bondi points and the small size of most in this assemblage suggest a need to economize and improvise, which we propose was due to the relatively limited availability of suitable stone materials in coastal Sydney. It was not only a question of distance to source and access but of abundance—there are few sources of suitable stone close to Balmoral Beach. The documented technological organization shows that people at Balmoral Beach were creatively backing flakes in several different ways to produce Bondi points with standardized width and thickness—length of the complete Bondi points was seemingly not as important. This observation, combined with the evidence that some broken Bondi points were re‐worked, is discussed in the context of reliability and maintainability, design principles that may have been adopted for their manufacture.
Marine reservoir corrections for Moreton Bay, Australia
Authors: ULM SEAN , PETCHEY FIONA , ROSS ANNIE 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe present the first direct assessment of marine reservoir effects in the Moreton Bay region using radiocarbon dating of known‐age, pre‐AD 1950, shell samples from the east coast of Stradbroke Island and archaeological shell/charcoal pairs from Peel Island in Moreton Bay. The resulting ΔR value of 9±1914C years for the open ocean conforms to regional values established for northeast Australia of 12±1014C years. Negative ΔR values of −65±6114C years and −216±9414C years for southern Moreton Bay highlight the potential for larger offsets over the last ∼900 years. These may be linked to changing terrestrial inputs and local circulation patterns.
Functional analysis of late Holocene flaked and pebble stone artefacts from Vanuatu, Southwest Pacific
Authors: KONONENKO NINA , BEDFORD STUART , REEPMEYER CHRISTIAN 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFunctional studies were undertaken on simple, un‐retouched flaked and pebble artefacts made from a variety of lithic raw materials, recovered from late Holocene (Lapita) sites in Vanuatu. Use‐wear and residue analysis of macroscopic and microscopic evidence identified a wide range of craft, subsistence and social activities. These include cutting, pounding and grinding of non‐woody plants; graving, drilling, scraping and sawing of soft wood; drilling shell and cutting and piercing soft elastic material such as skin. This is the first detailed functional analysis on a collection of stone artefacts from Lapita period sites.
Pacific obsidian sourcing by portable XRF
Authors: SHEPPARD PETER , TRICHEREAU BARBARA , MILICICH CRISTANY 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe use of portable XRF analysis to characterise the geochemistry of Pacific obsidians is reported. Obsidian source samples from New Britain, the Admiralties, Fergusson Island and the Banks Islands were successfully characterised and then used to source 966 samples of obsidian from three (SE=SZ‐8, SE‐RF‐2, SE‐RF‐6) Reef/Santa Cruz Lapita sites. The analysis demonstrates the capabilities of portable XRF and confirms the previous analysis of this material by combined density and PIXE‐PIGME techniques. Our conclusions also indicate the importance of the Bao source region at Talasea and support the earlier suggestion that during the Lapita period an important passage crossed the Willaumez Peninsula in the vicinity of the Talasea airstrip and the Bao sources.
Marae reflections: On the evolution of stratified chiefdoms in the Leeward Society Islands
Authors: WALLIN PAUL , SOLSVIK REIDAR 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT Based on archaeological data it is time to re‐evaluate the stratified chiefdom of the Leeward Society Islands. The model was constructed mainly on ethno‐historical/ethnological data and has been used extensively, and this social system has been projected back in time, sometimes maybe too far. The question that may be asked is: What happened during almost 1000 years of settlement in the Society Islands? Here we take as our starting point Irving Goldman's interpretation of social organization in the Society Islands, and argue for an earlier existence of either traditional chiefdoms and/or open chiefdoms in the Leeward Society Islands. New archaeological investigations of marae and habitations show that the stratified chiefdom in the Society Islands was a late development, and that the society went through several changes through time.Summary of the archaeological evidence on the evolution of a stratified chiefdom on HuahineThe earliest ritual space on Huahine is possibly represented by an upright stone placed on the early Vaito'otia/Fa'ahia site, dated to around AD 1300. However, our 14C dates clearly shows that the first transformation period — when marae structures with ahu were first built on Huahine — began around AD 1450. On closer inspection all these dates are associated with medium‐sized marae structures, which probably represent family or lineage marae classes, of Wallin's type 4.1 (Wallin 1993:66), possibly expressing an ‘open chiefdom’. The large megalithic marae of Wallin's type 4.2 date between AD 1650 and 1750. These latter structures, closely connected to the war god 'Oro, were also associated with the development of a complex social stratification on island to inter‐island levels. Small marae also dated late and were tied to specified functions, probably the development of differentiation among the specialists in the society, or a rise in status for certain groups of priests, tahua's. This may indicate that craft specialisation became more visible and controlled during this time, which can be seen as another sign of the development of a stratified society.
Crossing the Great Divide: A ground‐edged hatchet‐head from Vaucluse, Sydney
Authors: ATTENBROW VAL , GRAHAM IAN , KONONENKO NINA , CORKILL TESSA , BYRNES JOHN , BARRON LAWRENCE , GRAVE PETER 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe raw material, method of manufacture and modification of a ground‐edged hatchet‐head found at Vaucluse in Sydney provides evidence for the movement of stone tools from west of the Great Dividing Range to the coast. Such evidence adds new knowledge about social relationships between different groups in southeastern Australia and patterns of exchange that existed in the past.
Where's the evidence? The archaeology of Sydney's Aboriginal history
Authors: IRISH PAUL , GOWARD TAMIKA 
Published: January 2013

AbstractArchaeological research into Sydney's Aboriginal past has overwhelmingly focused on the pre‐contact period, while historical archaeology focusing on Aboriginal heritage has mostly been undertaken in regional or remote areas. Despite this, a range of approaches and techniques has been developed through these and other studies that can now be applied to the Aboriginal historical archaeology of urban areas. This paper collates and examines the physical evidence of the historical Aboriginal use of Sydney, which reveals a continuous history of Aboriginal associations with the Sydney area. Although scant, the physical evidence can be combined with detailed archival research to create a more rounded picture of how Aboriginal people responded to the growth of urban centres like Sydney. Many documented Aboriginal links to places (including extant buildings) are intangible associations but can be mapped to illustrate the complex and shifting connections which typify urban Aboriginal histories. The range of available methods and sources also provides broader scope for meaningful collaborations with urban Aboriginal communities, which are essential for this research to succeed.
Does technology make a difference? Aboriginal and colonial fishing in Port Jackson, New South Wales
Authors: COLLEY SARAH , ATTENBROW VAL 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOver 580 fish species are known for Port Jackson, site of the first British colony of New South Wales. When the British arrived in January 1788 they encountered Aboriginal people who gained a substantial part of their diet from fish. Aboriginal fishing technologies (e.g. spears, shell fishhooks and small canoes) were documented by colonial writers. The British brought metal fishhooks, seine nets and larger boats, and after AD1788 fishing was important to both Aboriginal people and colonists. Given the diversity of fish in Port Jackson, and differences between Aboriginal and colonial fishing technologies, our paper discusses archaeological and documentary evidence for the impact of technology on the types of fish caught by Aboriginal people and colonists before and after AD1788. We compare archaeological fish bones from Aboriginal sites in coastal Sydney with those from the Quadrant historical site in Broadway, Sydney, and discuss methodological challenges raised by these kinds of analyses for Sydney regional archaeology. Technology explains some fish bone assemblage variability but colonisation, cultural attitudes, commercialisation and urbanism are also important.
A ‘Tram Massacre’: Institutionalised destruction in Sydney, 1955–1961
Authors: HOWARD PETER 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAt its peak the Sydney tramway system was the second largest in both the British Empire and the Southern Hemisphere. During its busiest years in the mid‐1940s over 404 million fares were sold but despite this popularity the last tram in Sydney ran in 1961, just sixteen years later. This research makes use of the archaeological remains, landscape remnants and a study of the processes of removal of the Sydney tram system as a case study in destruction. By using Buchli and Lucas' (2001) framework of the material processes of remembering and forgetting, an understanding of the processes of destruction, as well as the reasons for removal of specific parts of the system is developed. The framework shows that the symbolic and strategic removal of a system can be used to ensure that it is made unworkable as well as removing it from the public consciousness. Such actions ensured that the system could not be easily restored.
Toward an archaeology of the twentieth‐century suburban backyard
Authors: BROWN STEVE 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe archaeology of twentieth‐century suburbs, in contrast to city centres, has received little attention from archaeologists in Australia. This paper presents the results of an archaeological investigation of a suburban block, a bounded space 347m2 in size, created in 1905 and located in the Sydney suburb of Arncliffe. An extensive collection of objects has been recovered while undertaking gardening activities and six test pit excavations has produced an assemblage of 3600 things. A qualitative analysis of the material remains reveals a wide range of past suburban activities, encompassing building construction, domestic consumption/production and home‐making practices. The paper explores links between past activities/behaviours and routine processes of material decay, waste disposal and loss in order to consider the archaeological research potential of the suburban block. Two specific areas of research are outlined — consumption with particular reference to the role of the female head of the house and ecology/health. On the basis of the study a case is made for the development of a ‘suburban archaeology’ in Australia.
Engraved prehistoric Conus shell valuables from southeastern Papua New Guinea: their antiquity, motifs and distribution
Authors: AMBROSE WAL , PETCHEY FIONA , SWADLING PAMELA , BERAN HARRY , BONSHEK ELIZABETH , SZABO KATHERINE , BICKLER SIMON , SUMMERHAYES GLENN 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn the early 1900s thirteen engraved Conus shell valuables were dug from prehistoric midden mounds in Oro Province. Since the early 1970s nineteen undated surface finds have been found in the northern Massim of Milne Bay Province.When three artifacts became available for AMS radiocarbon dating, provided they were restored after sampling to their original visual appearance, a specialist team was assembled and this paper reports its findings regarding the thirty‐two shells. The paper covers sampling and conservation, dating (including new information on the local oceanic reservoir effect), distribution, art, depositional and cultural histories.These distinctive Conus shell valuables are part of the material culture found along the northern coast of the eastern tip of New Guinea and on the islands of the northern Massim during the Expansion Phase c.1000–500 BP. Their decoration is comparable to that produced by Milne Bay Province woodcarvers in historic times. This continuity makes them the oldest radiocarbon dated artifacts decorated in the Massim art style.