bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neopterin and Cytokines in Non-pleocytotic Cerebrospinal Fluid in Child Patients
Authors: Kawakami Yasuhiko , Kuwabara Kentaro , Fujita Takehisa , Fujino Osamu , Fukunaga Yoshitaka 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
CSF and serum levels of neopterin and several kinds of CSF cytokines were measured in child patients with non-pleocytotic CSF. The CSF neopterin levels with febrile convulsions (FCs) were 27.4±33.0 nmol/1 and the CSF neopterinlserum neopterin ratio (C/S ratio) with FCs was 2.07±2.06. The longer the FCs patients' convulsions lasted, the higher their CSF neopterin levels tended to be come. The CSF neopterin levels with FCs were significantly higher than in those with pyrexia without convulsions (6.5±2.5 nmol/L) or convulsions without pyrexia, including epilepsy (4.9±2.9 nmol/L). The C/S ratio was also higher in patients with FCs than in those with pyrexia without convulsions (0.31±0.17) or convulsions without pyrexia (0.82±0.50).In addition, there was a tendency for CSF IFN-γ levels to be higher in patients with FCs than in those with pyrexia without convulsions or convulsions without pyrexia. However, TNF-α and IL-1α were under measurable levels in cases of non-pi eocytotic CSF. The CSF neopterin levels in patients with exanthem subitum with FCs were higher than in those without FCs. It has been reported that there is a possibility of neopterin production by microglial cells. Our finding that CSF neopterin levels were elevated in patients with FCs, whose CSF had no pleocytosis, are consistent with the possibility of neopterin production by microglia. Our results further suggest that immune activation of microgrial cells is one of the mechanisms involved in the onset of FCs.
Suppressive Effects of Neopterin on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression in Ovarian Carcinoma Cells in vitro
Authors: Rieder Josef , Amann Anton , Schloesser Michaela , Czechowski Monika , Seibel Maja , Marth Christian , Hoffmann Georg 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In a Number of malignant diseases including ovarian carcinomas, increased serum or urine levels of neopterin serve as a valuable marker for the state of activation of the cellular immune system. Reported correlations benveen elevated neopterin concentrations and shorter survival time of the tumor host might be explained by direct biochemical actions exhibited by the pteridine compound. In the present study, we investigated the influence of neopterin on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression in two ovarian carcinoma cell lines. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of iNOS as well as measurements of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in the cell supernatant revealed an inhibitory effect of neopterin (1000 11M) on NO generation induced by a combination ofinterferon-γ (100 U/ml), tumor necrosis factor-a (500 U/ml), and interleukin-1β (10 U/ml). Since NO is most likely involved in apoptotic cell death in ovarian carcinoma cells, it is conceivable that suppression of NO synthesis represents a biochemical mechanism mediated by neopterin that is advantageous to tumor progression and thus harmful to the host.
Characterization of Pteridines: a New Approach by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy and Analysis of Assay Sensitivity
Authors: Demel U. , Foldes-Papp Z. , Fuchs D. , Tilz G. P. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In the present investigation, fluorescence con-elation spectroscopy (FCS) was used to measure the molecular motion of the pteridine derivative neopterin. However, technical limitations in the present optical setup precluded the identification of ,single neopterin molecules. FCS measurements with a fluorophore were also can-ied out for comparison. Exemplified by rhodamine green, we have introduced a concept that allows the detection, identification and analysis of assays in solution at the single-molecule level in tenns of bulk concentration. This concept is based on FCS and Poisson distribution analysis of assay sensitivity. The molecules had not to be quantified in a more concentrated fonn, or in flow and trapping experiments. The study demonstrated an ultrasensitive, reliable, rapid and direct tool for analytics and diagnostics in solution. We discuss a possible application of our new concept in activation control of cell-mediated immunity via neopterin determination.
Negative Regulation of Insulin-induced Tetrahydrobiopterin Synthesis by Protein Kinase C in Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Ishii Masakazu , Shimizu Shunichi , Nagai Tsutomu , Kazuhiro Shiota , Kiuchi Yuji , Yamamoto Toshinori 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
We examined the role ofprotein kinase C (PKC) in the insulin-induced biosynthesis oftetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)' which is one of the co factors of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS), in vascular endothelial cells. The BH. level was determined as biopterin by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. Measurement of the level ofrnRNA for GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH), which is the fust and the rate-limiting enzyme for the novo pathway for BH4 synthesis, was performed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Treatment with insulin increased the BH4 level and the GTPCH rnRNA level in endothelial cells. The insulin-induced increases of both GTPCH rnRNA and BH4 levels were enhanced by co-treatment with bisindolylmaleimide I or Ro 31-8220, inhibitors of PKC. On the other hand, the insulin-induced increases of BH4 synthesis and expression of GTPCH rnRNA were also enhanced by co-incubation with a PKC activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 24 h. Long-term treatment with PMA is known to down-regulate PKC. Addition of insulin after pretreatment with PMA for 24 h markedly enhanced BH4 synthesis and expression of .:JTPCH rnRNA. These findings suggest that PKC negatively regulates the induction of BH4 synthesis by insulin -:ndothelial cells. Insulin-induced BH4 synthesis may be suppressed in diabetes mellitus, since PKC has been shown to be up-regulated in diabetes mellitus.
Effect of Interferon-γ and LPS on Tetrahydrobiopterin in Rat PC 12 and Human KNA Cells
Authors: Vrecko Karoline , Pfragner Roswitha , Siegl Veronika , Schauenstein Konrad , Reibnegger Gilbert 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The first human phaeochromocytorna cell line KNA was tested with regard to stimulation of dopamine biosynthesis by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Differently from rat phaeochromocytoma cells - clone PC12, where NADH increased dopamine biosynthesis significantly, no stimulation in KNA cells was found. NADH is effective on speeding up the formation of the active cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin by a recycling pathway via the dihydropteridinreductase system. Another way of formation of tetrahydrobiopterin is the induction of de novo synthesis by cytokines such as interferon-y or by lipopolysaccharide via activation of GTP cyclohydrolase I, as shown in rnacrophages. Neither rat PC12 nor human KNA cells showed in vitro a stimulation of tetrahydrobiopterin de novo synthesis by interferon-y and/or lipopolysaccharide.
Synthesis and Regulation of Folate Coenzymes During early Germination in Vigna radiata
Authors: Kesavan V. , Singh N. , Pote M.S. , Viswanathan G. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Folate profiles and DNA synthesis were studied during the early germinating period in Vigna radiata. Total folate andmethyl folate forms were increased from 4 to 32 hours during germination period studied. Formyl folates, involved in purine synthesis, were raised 30-fold after 26 hours of incubation followed by DNA synthesis, indicatmg that folate synthesis precedes nucleotide synthesis channelising the one-carbon moieties into nucleotide precursors. This is also supported by the observation of folate mediated one-carbon pool incorporation of 2-'4C-Histidine into nucleic acid during this period. The two folate enzymes, folylpolyglutamate hydrolase which was greatly lowered and folylpolyglutamate synthetase which was significantly elevated, might playa crucial role regulating a balanced supply of the required folate precursors during the early germination period of Vigna radiata.
Supra- versus intra-molecular ππ interactions in M(S2COCH2Ph)2(dafone) compounds: M = Zn and Cd; dafone = 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one-N,N´
Authors: Câmpian Marius , Haiduc Ionel , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Remarkable differences are observed in the molecular structures of Zn(S2COCH2Ph)2(dafone) (1) and Cd(S2COCH2Ph)2(dafone) (2); where dafone is 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one-N,N′. In 1, an S,O mode of coordination of one of the xanthate ligands is observed, an orientation that facilitates the formation of intramolecular π…π interactions between the benzyl and dafone rings. The second xanthate ligand coordinates in an S,S mode and the dafone ligand is chelating. The resulting N2OS3 donor set defines a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. A similar geometry is found in 2 but based on an N2S4 donor set. Despite the different molecular structures, the global crystal packing patterns for 1 and 2 are almost identical, comprising layers.
New rare-topology [Cu4] cluster coordination polymer employing 2-(oxyimino)propionate as a ligand
Authors: Hołyńska Małgorzata 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The reported compound, {Na2[Cu4(HCOO)2(pa)4(CH3OH)] · CH3OH}
n
(1, H2pa = 2-(hydroxyimino)propionic acid), is a sodium salt of an anionic coordination polymer, comprising rare-topology tetranuclear cluster units, linked through Cu–O bonds to form a polymeric chain. Each cluster unit comprises four Cu2+ cations, chelating 2-(oxyimino)propionate ligands, two formate ligands and one terminal methanol ligand. The neighbouring polymeric chains contact through O–H…O hydrogen bonds and are interconnected by Na–O coordination bonds to form a three-dimensional network.
Effect of Twin Structure on Strain Dependences of Critical Current
Authors: Semenov Alexey V. , Tretiatchenko Constantin G. , Svetchnikov Vassily L. , Pan Volodymyr M. , Wiesmann Harold 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWe suggest a model explaining nonlinear dependences of critical current Jc in YBCO epitaxial films. Two features of YBCO are taken into account: twin domain structure in orthorhombic phase and the anisotropy of uniaxial strain dependence of Tc. Applied strain changes elementary pinning force of the defects located at low-angle dislocation boundaries between differently oriented twin domains. Account of Tc dependence on strain this leads to approximately parabolic strain behavior of Jc. We have obtained analytical expressions for the “initial strain”, which actually describes a natural misbalance between numbers of grain boundaries separating a and b oriented domains, as well as for “strain sensitivity”, which is determined by Tc dependence on uniaxial a and b strains and by the effective redistribution of vortices. Other experimentally observed effects, such as temperature, magnetic field and two-peak strain dependences of Jc, are shown to be described in the framework of suggested model.
A Portable Setup for Molecular Detection by Transmission LSPR
Authors: Cappi Giulia , Accastelli Enrico , Spiga Fabio M. , Cantale Vera , Rampi Maria A. , Benini Luca , Guiducci Carlotta 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIn the framework of bioanalytics and multiple array detection, we developed a fully portable and low-cost detection system based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) in a transmission configuration (T-LSPR). The transmission approach is suitable to be scaled to small dimension systems and to enable high-density array measurements on the same platform. Our setup is made out of off-the-shelf components and consists of a set of discrete light sources and a couple of light-detectors which enable a differential measurement setup. An algorithm fits the measured data and extracts the information of the plasmon peak position in the spectrum.The performance of our T-LSPR measurement system has been characterized on a set of Fluorinated Tin Oxide-coated glass slides covered with gold Nanoislands (NIs). The samples have been modified with a single-stranded DNA layer and a real-time DNA hybridization experiment has been performed. Here we demonstrate that the proposed T-LSPR device, based on the characterization of the plasmon peak with a differential approach, is able to monitor real-time DNA hybridization on surface, and to precisely measure the position of the peak with a standard deviation in wavelength of 0.2 nm.
Thermal Conductivity of Composites with Carbon Nanotubes: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Ordonez-Miranda J. , Vales-Pinzon C. , Alvarado-Gil J. J. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIn this work, the thermal conductivity of composites made up of carbon nanotubes embedded in a polyester resin is investigated by comparing experimental data with theoretical predictions. The composite samples were prepared with a random and aligned distribution of carbon nanotubes. Its thermal conductivity is then measured by using the photothermal radiometry technique. The obtained experimental data is accurately described by the proposed theoretical model, which takes into account the size effects of the nanotubes. It is expected that the obtained results can provide useful insights on the thermal design of composites based on carbon nanotubes.
Nanoscale Heat Transport in Self-Organized Ge Clusters on Si(001)
Authors: Frigge Tim , Kalus Annika , Klasing Friedrich , Kammler Martin , Hanisch-Blicharski Anja , Horn-von Hoegen Michael 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTUltrafast time resolved transmission electron diffraction (TED) in a reflection geometry was used to study the cooling behavior of self-organized, well defined nanoscale germanium hut and dome clusters on Si(001). The clusters were heated in a pump-probe scheme by fs-laser pulses. The resulting transient temperature rise was then determined from the drop in diffraction intensity caused by the Debye-Waller effect. From a cooling time of τ =177 ps we estimated a strongly reduced heat transfer compared with homogeneous films of equivalent thickness.
Investigation of the valence band structure of PbSe by optical and transport measurement
Authors: Chasapis Thomas C. , Lee Yeseul , Polymeris Georgios S. , Stefanaki Eleni C. , Hatzikraniotis Euripides , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Uher Ctirad , Paraskevopoulos Konstantinos M. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWe investigated the valence band structure of PbSe by a combined study of the optical and transport properties of p-type Pb1-xNaxSe, with Na concentrations ranging from 0 – 4%, yielding carrier densities in a wide range of 1018 – 1020 cm−3. Room temperature infrared reflectivity studies showed that the susceptibility (or conductivity) effective mass m* increases from ∼ 0.06mo to ∼ 0.5mo on increasing Na content from 0.08% to 3%. The Seebeck coefficient scales with doping in the whole temperature range, yielding lower values for higher Na contents, while the Hall coefficient increases on heating from room temperature showing a peak close to 650 K. The room temperature Pisarenko plot is well described by the simple parabolic band model up to ∼ 1·1020 cm−3. In order to describe the behaviour in the whole concentration range, the application of the two band model, i.e. light hole and heavy hole, was used giving density of states effective masses 0.28mo and 2.5mo for the two bands respectively.
Laser Flash Analysis Determination of the Thermal Diffusivity of Si/SiGe Superlattices
Authors: Davidson Anthony L. , Thomas James P. , Worchesky Terrance , Twigg Mark E. , Thompson Phillip E. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTApplications that produce a large amount of heat, such as combustion engines, can benefit from high temperature thermoelectrics to reduce the amount of energy lost. Superlattice (SL) structures have shown reduced thermal conductivity at room temperature and below, suggesting applicability at high temperatures may be possible. This reduction could greatly increase the thermoelectric figure of merit. The Si/SiGe material system is studied here for high temperature application. Two growth temperatures of 300 C and 500 C are examined. Two superlattice periods were studied (8 nm and 20 nm) to determine the effects of lattice spacing on thermal conductivity. Laser Flash Analysis is applied to determine the thermal diffusivity, hence thermal conductivity, from 100 C to 500 C. Thermal diffusivity was found to be an order of magnitude lower than the constituent alloy at 100 C. Superlattice spacing and growth temperature showed little effect on the diffusivity within the error of this measurement.
Patterned Micro/ Nanowires by Electroplate and Lift Lithography on Reusable Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Template
Authors: Machovec Jeffrey , Lepak Lori A. , Sumant Anirudha V. , Divan Ralu , Miller C. Suzanne , Rosenmann Daniel , Zach Michael P. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTPatterned micro-and nanowires composed of Iron Oxide (FexOy) were electrochemically deposited from an ionic liquid solution of choline chloride (ChCl) and urea, using ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) ™ templates originally developed for Electroplate and Lift (E&L) Lithography. The wires were electroplated under varying rigor of anhydrous and inert atmosphere techniques, at voltages of either -2V or -5V vs. an Al/Al(III) reference electrode. The morphology of the deposited FexOy wires was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while their oxygen content was evaluated using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). By using sublimed grade reagents and minimizing exposure to atmospheric water vapor and oxygen, the oxygen content of the electroplated wires decreased from 15 at% to 5 at%.
COMPENSATION OF THE INTERNAL STRESS GRADIENT IN ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND FOR THE FABRICATION OF MICROACTUATORS AND TRIBOMETERS ON A CHIP
Authors: Buja Federico , Divan Ralu , Sumant Anirudha V. , Czaplewski David , van Spengen W. Merlijn 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe excellent tribological performance of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) makes this material a potential candidate for the fabrication of long endurance micro/nano-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) that could involve contacting surfaces. In this work, UNCD and nitrogen incorporated UNCD (N-UNCD) microstructures have been produced and investigated, in order to analyze their intrinsic stress component. A solution for stress reduction is proposed: the application of a titanium stress-compensation coating seems to be an optimum route to obtain flat, free-standing N-UNCD films.
Attrition-enhanced nanocomposite synthesis of indium-filled, iron-substituted skutterudite antimonides for improved performance thermoelectrics
Authors: Eilertsen James , Trottmann Matthias , Populoh Sascha , Berthelot Romain , Cooke Charles M. , Cinibulk Michael K. , Pokrant Simone , Weidenkaff Anke , Subramanian M. A. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTNanostructuring has been the foremost approach to the manufacture of high-performance thermoelectric materials for nearly a decade. This study explores a novel nanostructuring technique, attrition-enhanced nanocomposite synthesis, in maximum indium-filled, iron-substituted cobalt antimonide skutterudites. In0.3Fe0.8Co3.2Sb12 was synthesized and subjected to varying degrees of mechanical attrition (via ball milling). These samples exhibited increased indium precipitation coincident with the duration of mechanical attrition. Indium readily diffused through the skutterudite crystal structure and rapidly precipitated forming 20-50 nm-sized indium-rich inclusions during sintering.
Comparison of arch width, alveolar width and buccolingual inclination of teeth between Class II division 1 malocclusion and Class I occlusion
Authors: Shu Rui , Han Xianglong , Wang Yating , Xu Hui , Ai Dongqing , Wang Lufei , Wu Yeke , Bai Ding 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To compare the arch width, alveolar width, and buccolingual inclination of maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth between Class II division 1 malocclusion and Class I occlusion.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-five subjects with Class I occlusion and 45 subjects with Class II division 1 malocclusion were selected to measure the maxillary and mandibular arch width and alveolar width of premolars and first molars with digital caliper. Buccolingual inclination of maxillary and mandibular premolars and first molars were measured with a modified universal bevel protractor.

Results:
All of the posterior teeth in both groups were lingually tilted. The maxillary premolars and first molars were significantly more lingually tilted (P &lt; .05) in Class II division 1 malocclusion than in Class I occlusion. Mandibular first premolars were significantly less lingually tilted in Class II division 1 malocclusion than in Class I occlusion. No significant difference of buccolingual inclination was found in mandibular second premolars and first molars between the two groups. No significant difference in maxillary and mandibular arch width and alveolar width was found between the two groups.

Conclusions:
Buccolingual inclination rather than arch width and alveolar width plays an important role in transverse discrepancy of Class II division 1 malocclusion.
Presentation of Renal Disease in Children
Authors: Barakat Amin J. 
Published: March 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Review the modes of presentation of renal disease in children.

2.
Understand the role of the pediatrician in the management of children with renal disease.

3.
Outline the reasons for patient referral to the pediatric nephrologist.

Renal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children.
1–3
Chronic kidney disease stage 5, previously referred to as end-stage renal disease, occurs in about 9 to 10 children per 1 million annually.
Urinalysis Interpretation for Pediatricians
Authors: Kaplan Bernard S. , Pradhan Madhura 
Published: March 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Cost-effectively evaluate microscopic hematuria and proteinuria.

2.
Recognize important conditions associated with isolated microscopic hematuria.

3.
Review important conditions associated with asymptomatic proteinuria.

Urinalysis is usually a two-step process: the urine dipstick test is followed, if warranted, by using microscopy to examine the spun sediment from the specimen. Urine specimens are sent to diagnostic laboratories for analysis because microscopes are now rarely used by practitioners. This may result in lysis of cells and imprecision in reporting of casts; the practitioner may not know whether red blood cell casts are present because the type of cast is rarely commented on.
A Review of Guidelines for Urinary Tract Infections in Children Younger than 2 Years
Authors: Tullus Kjell 
Published: March 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Review recent guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections in children younger than 2 years.

2.
Review recent recommendations for imaging children with urinary tract infection.

3.
Understand rationale for recent treatment recommendations and prophylaxis of children with urinary tract infection.

The management of children with a febrile urinary tract infection seems like a simple topic. However, it is one of the most controversial areas in pediatrics, and over the past decade has seen major developments.