bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards an ecosystem capacity to stabilise organic carbon in soils
Authors: Poeplau Christopher , Dechow Rene , Begill Neha , Don Axel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) accrual, and particularly the formation of fine fraction carbon (OCfine), has a large potential to act as sink for atmospheric CO2. For reliable estimates of this potential and efficient policy advice, the major limiting factors for OCfine accrual need to be understood. The upper boundary of the correlation between fine mineral particles (silt + clay) and OCfine is widely used to estimate the maximum mineralogical capacity of soils to store OCfine, suggesting that mineral surfaces get C saturated. Using a dataset covering the temperate zone and partly other climates on OCfine contents and a SOC turnover model, we provide two independent lines of evidence, that this empirical upper boundary does not indicate C saturation. Firstly, the C loading of the silt + clay fraction was found to strongly exceed previous saturation estimates in coarse‐textured soils, which raises the question of why this is not observed in fine‐textured soils. Secondly, a subsequent modelling exercise revealed, that for 74% of all investigated soils, local net primary production (NPP) would not be sufficient to reach a C loading of 80 g C kg−1 silt + clay, which was previously assumed to be a general C saturation point. The proportion of soils with potentially enough NPP to reach that point decreased strongly with increasing silt + clay content. High C loadings can thus hardly be reached in more fine‐textured soils, even if all NPP would be available as C input. As a pragmatic approach, we introduced texture‐dependent, empirical maximum C loadings of the fine fraction, that decreased from 160 g kg−1 in coarse to 75 g kg−1 in most fine‐textured soils. We conclude that OCfine accrual in soils is mainly limited by C inputs and is strongly modulated by texture, mineralogy, climate and other site properties, which could be formulated as an ecosystem capacity to stabilise SOC.
Establishing reflex test rules for platelet fluorescent counting method using machine learning models on Sysmex XN‐series hematology analyzer
Authors: Zhou Zhengyu , Guo Mengqiao , Wu Kang , Yue Zhanyi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe platelet fluorescent counting (PLT‐F) method is utilized as a reflex test method following the initial test of the platelet impedance counting (PLT‐I) method in clinical practice on the Sysmex XN‐series automated hematology analyzer. Our aim is to establish reflex test rules for the PLT‐F method by combining multiple parameters provided by the “CBC + DIFF” mode of the Sysmex XN‐series automated hematology analyzer.MethodsWe tested 120 samples to evaluate the baseline bias between the PLT‐F and PLT‐I methods. Then, we selected 1256 samples to establish and test reflex test rules using seven machine learning models (decision Tree, random forest, neural network, logistic regression, k‐nearest neighbor, support vector machine, and Naive Bayes). The training set and test set were divided at a ratio of 7:3. We evaluated the performance of machine learning models on the test set using various metrics to select the most valuable model.ResultsThe PLT‐F method exhibited a high degree of correlation with the PLT‐I method (r = 0.998). The random forest model emerged as the most valuable, boasting an accuracy of 0.893, an area under the curve of 0.954, an F1 score of 0.771, a recall of 0.719, a precision of 0.831, and a specificity of 0.950. The most important variable in the random forest model was mean cell volume, weighted at 15.09%.ConclusionThe random forest model, which demonstrated high efficiency in our study, can be used to establish PLT reflex test rules based on the PLT‐F method for the Sysmex XN‐series automated hematology analyzer.
Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a novel external compression vascular closure device: The LockeT® study
Authors: Katapadi Aashish , Pham Nicholas , Chelikam Nikhila , Ghazal Rachad , Mansabdar Aditya , Ehteshamuddin Fnu , Darden Douglas , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Kabra Rajesh , Pothineni Naga Venkata , Bommana Sudharani , Atkins Donita , DiBiase Luigi , Al‐Ahmad Amin , Natale Andrea , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionHemostasis following large‐bore femoral vein access remains a challenge. Manual compression has been the standard of care but requires bedside staff, prolonged bed rest, and longer length of stay. The LockeT is an external compression device that attempts to address these issues while achieving venous hemostasis.ObjectivesWe evaluate postprocedural hemostasis and vascular closure outcomes after using LockeT following cardiac electrophysiologic procedures.MethodsWe performed a single‐center, observational study of patients who underwent vascular closure for electrophysiology procedures using LockeT. Postprocedural outcomes were subsequently analyzed.ResultsWe studied 102 patients (N) for whom LockeT was used to close 182 separate vascular access sites (n). Common procedures were atrial fibrillation ablation (56.9%, N = 58) and left atrial appendage occlusion (28.4%, N = 29). Most often, 8‐Fr [48.3% (n = 126)], 11‐Fr [27.2% (n = 71)], and 8.5‐Fr [16.9% (n = 44)] sheaths were used, with an average procedure time of 82.1 ± 29.4 min. Hemostasis was achieved in 97.8% (n = 187) of all LockeT cases. Time to ambulation and discharge were 3.93 ± 1.10 h and 8.1 ± 4.4 h, respectively. No major complications were noted. Postprocedurally, 52% (N = 53) of patients were discharged on the same day. There were no differences in hemostasis (p = .859) or ambulation times (p = .202) between procedure types.ConclusionThe LockeT can effectively close venous access sites with no major complications.
Drying kinetics (mathematical modeling) and quality evaluation of herbal leaves (Adulsa and Durva) dried in small‐scale greenhouse solar dryer (GHSD): Experimental investigation and comparative analysis
Authors: Dhande Amol , Agarwal Madhu , Agarwal Ghanshyam Das 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe study presents the performance of a small‐scale greenhouse solar dryer (GHSD) to demonstrate hygiene and superiority over traditional methods for medicinal Adulsa and Durva leaves. The GHSD dryer lowered the initial moisture of Adulsa leaves from 73.99% (w.b.) to the final 10.63% (w.b.) under natural and forced convection in 3 and 2.5 h, respectively. Similarly, the initial moisture of Durva leaves was reduced from 67.33% (w.b.) to 11.65% (w.b.) under natural and forced convection in 2.75 and 2.5 h, respectively. Furthermore, mathematical modeling with non‐linear regression was implemented to characterize the drying of Adulsa and Durva leaves, which showed that Midilli–Kucuk and Modified Midilli were the most superior fits for reporting the drying of Adulsa leaves in GHSD and open sun drying, respectively, whereas Verma and Midilli–Kucuk models were superior fits for characterizing the drying of Durva leaves in GHSD and open sun, respectively. Furthermore, the quality of the dried Adulsa and Durva leaves was evaluated, where total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) values were marked higher in the leaves dried by the GHSD as compared to open sun drying for both Adulsa and Durva leaves. Moreover, during antioxidant analysis, the IC50 values among the leaves dried in GHSD were recorded to be greater for the natural convection greenhouse solar dryer (NCGHSD) for both Adulsa and Durva (40.67 and 122.24 μg/mL) compared to open sun drying (101.88 and 158.20 μg/mL). A quality assessment was performed on dried Adulsa and Durva leaf samples, and they exhibited appropriateness for pharmaceutical industry drug production.Practical applicationsGreenhouse solar dryer is an eco‐friendly, sustainable, clean, and hygienic way to dry herbs and medicinal plants. The greenhouse solar dryer can shorten the drying time by 50%–60% compared to natural stand in the sun (open sun drying) and improve the quality of the dried herbs, medicinal plants, and reduce the decay rate of the dried products. These leaves can be best suited for Ayurveda medicine industries for herbal powder (Churna). Being an economically advantageous greenhouse solar dryer improves the shelf life of the dried leaves, reduces their density, and lower transportation costs, leading to boost farmers' income in herbal farming and nutritional security.
Association of glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations with structural and functional brain changes in the normoglycemic population: A systematic review
Authors: Soleymani Yunus , Batouli Seyed Amir Hossein , Ahangar Amin Akbari , Pourabbasi Ata 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOptimal glucose control is crucial for maintaining brain health and preventing metabolic and cognitive disorders in the general population. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) serves as a key marker for assessing glucose intolerance and its impact on brain structure and function in healthy individuals. However, existing literature presents conflicting findings, necessitating a systematic review to consolidate current knowledge in this domain. This systematic review examines 26 English‐language studies involving participants aged 15 years and above, investigating the relationship between HbA1c levels and brain health. Studies focusing on normal/general populations and utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the imaging modality were included. Exclusion criteria encompassed review articles, abstracts, letters, animal studies, and research involving neuropsychiatric or metabolic diseases. Data were gathered from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to November 2023. Analysis reveals significant associations between HbA1c levels and various brain metrics, including volume, cortical thickness, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, activity, and connectivity. However, findings exhibit inconsistency, likely attributed to disparities in sample characteristics and study sizes. Notably, hippocampal volume, white matter hyperintensity, and ventral attention network connectivity emerge as frequently affected structures and functions, mirroring trends observed in diabetic populations. Despite inconclusive evidence, glucose intolerance appears to exert considerable influence on select brain structures and functions in individuals without diagnosed metabolic disorders. Understanding these associations is critical for mitigating the risk of cognitive decline and dementia in healthy populations. Future investigations should aim to elucidate the intricate relationship between HbA1c concentrations and brain health parameters in normoglycemic individuals.
Psychometric validation of the FACE‐Q Aesthetics Satisfaction with Temples scale in individuals seeking minimally invasive treatment to improve temple hollowing
Authors: Kaur Manraj N. , Patel Vaishali D. , Leung Kelly X. , Klassen Anne F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe FACE‐Q Aesthetics is used extensively to measure patient reported outcomes for minimally invasive and surgical facial aesthetic treatments. We recently developed a new FACE‐Q scale to assess satisfaction with the appearance of the temples.AimThe aim of this study was to field test the FACE‐Q Satisfaction with Temples scale to examine its psychometric properties.MethodsThe FACE‐Q Satisfaction with Temples scale was administered to 171 adults (22 years or older) seeking minimally invasive treatment to improve temple hollowing as part of a clinical trial. The severity of temple hollowing was established through the clinician‐reported Allergan Temple Hollowing scale (clinician‐rated). The psychometric properties of the FACE‐Q Satisfaction with Temples scale were established by testing Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT) assumptions and model fit; unidimensionality by principal component analysis; and construct validity by hypothesis testing.ResultsThe study sample consisted of 171 adults (mean age 54.7 ± 9.9, range, 25–82 years). RMT analysis provided evidence for the scientific soundness of a 12‐item Satisfaction with Temples scale. The data fit the Rasch model (χ2 = 20.47, df = 24, p = 0.67), all items had ordered thresholds, and good item fit. Scale reliability was high, with Person Separation Index and Cronbach alpha values with and without extremes ≥0.93. Principal component analysis revealed a single component with high factor coefficients. Construct validity was established as scores for the Satisfaction with Temples and Face Overall scales were correlated (r = 0.623, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe FACE‐Q Satisfaction with Temples scale is a reliable and valid measure that can be used in clinical practice and research to measure outcomes following treatment for temple hollowing.
Augmenting intensive care unit nursing practice with generative AI: A formative study of diagnostic synergies using simulation‐based clinical cases
Authors: Levin Chedva , Suliman Moriya , Naimi Etti , Saban Mor 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAs generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools continue advancing, rigorous evaluations are needed to understand their capabilities relative to experienced clinicians and nurses. The aim of this study was to objectively compare the diagnostic accuracy and response formats of ICU nurses versus various GenAI models, with a qualitative interpretation of the quantitative results.MethodsThis formative study utilized four written clinical scenarios representative of real ICU patient cases to simulate diagnostic challenges. The scenarios were developed by expert nurses and underwent validation against current literature. Seventy‐four ICU nurses participated in a simulation‐based assessment involving four written clinical scenarios. Simultaneously, we asked ChatGPT‐4 and Claude‐2.0 to provide initial assessments and treatment recommendations for the same scenarios. The responses from ChatGPT‐4 and Claude‐2.0 were then scored by certified ICU nurses for accuracy, completeness and response.ResultsNurses consistently achieved higher diagnostic accuracy than AI across open‐ended scenarios, though certain models matched or exceeded human performance on standardized cases. Reaction times also diverged substantially. Qualitative response format differences emerged such as concision versus verbosity. Variations in GenAI models system performance across cases highlighted generalizability challenges.ConclusionsWhile GenAI demonstrated valuable skills, experienced nurses outperformed in open‐ended domains requiring holistic judgement. Continued development to strengthen generalized decision‐making abilities is warranted before autonomous clinical integration. Response format interfaces should consider leveraging distinct strengths. Rigorous mixed methods research involving diverse stakeholders can help iteratively inform safe, beneficial human‐GenAI partnerships centred on experience‐guided care augmentation.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis mixed‐methods simulation study provides formative insights into optimizing collaborative models of GenAI and nursing knowledge to support patient assessment and decision‐making in intensive care. The findings can help guide development of explainable GenAI decision support tailored for critical care environments.Patient or Public ContributionPatients or public were not involved in the design and implementation of the study or the analysis and interpretation of the data.
Construction and validation of a prognostic model for overall survival time of patients with ovarian cancer by metabolism‐related genes
Authors: Kong Deshui , Guo Hongyan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundOvarian cancer is a female‐specific malignancy with high morbidity and mortality. The metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells is closely related to the biological behavior of tumors.MethodsThe prognostic signature of the metabolism‐related gene (MRGs) was established by LASSO‐Cox regression analysis. The prognostic signature of MRGs was also prognosticated in each clinical subgroup. These genes were subjected to functional enrichment analysis and tissue expression exploration. Analysis of the MRG prognostic signature in terms of immune cell infiltration and antitumor drug susceptibility was also performed.ResultsA MRG prognostic signature including 21 genes was established and validated. Most of the 21 MRGs were expressed at different levels in ovarian cancer than in normal ovarian tissue. The enrichment analysis suggested that MRGs were involved in lipid metabolism, membrane organization, and molecular binding. The MRG prognostic signature demonstrated the predictive value of overall survival time in various clinical subgroups. The monocyte, NKT, Tgd and Tex cell scores showed differences between the groups with high‐ and low‐risk score. The antineoplastic drug analysis we performed provided information on ovarian cancer drug therapy and drug resistance. In vitro experiments verified that PLCH1 in 21 MRGs can regulate the apoptosis and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells.ConclusionThis metabolism‐related prognostic signature was a potential prognostic factor in patients with ovarian cancer, demonstrating high stability and accuracy.
Application of M‐RCNN for prompt segmentation between infected tomato leaves and healthy tomato leaves
Authors: Bondre Shweta V. , Chinnaiah Kotadi , Bondre Vipin D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlant diseases have become a problem, as both the quality and quantity of agricultural products can be significantly reduced. The goal of the research is to detect the infection in the plant leaf so that it can be cured before spreading of disease to other plants. The aim of the research is to find out the severity of the leaf disease so that it can be cured based on the level of severity. Also, crop loss can be predicted by using the severity loss. For object localization, we utilize 10,640 tomato leaf images of various classes from the PlantVillage standard repository. As a baseline for future work, we propose a model based on the Mask R‐CNN architecture with ResNet‐50 as the backbone that effectively performs instance segmentation for these six diseases. The dataset is annotated by using the VGG annotator tool and this annotated dataset would have been used to train the ‘Mask R‐CNN model’ and the ResNet50 backbone, fine‐tuning the network's weights to accurately detect and segment diseased regions on leaves. The outcomes of the suggested model achieved an average accuracy of 91.3% by using multiple performance indicators like accuracy, precision and F1 score and Recall. Based on the outcome, the severity of the disease is being identified on a scale of 0, 1, 2 and 3.
Gymnosperm collecting in China: Past, present, and future
Authors: Xie Dan , Chen Tian‐Xiang , Du Hong , Wu Hui , Ran Jin‐Hua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAssessing sampling biases caused by nonrandom specimen collecting is crucial in systematics, biogeography, and conservation. Nevertheless, research on the collecting biases of vascular plants in China remains limited. Here, we investigated the collecting status of gymnosperms in China using 48 673 herbarium specimens representing 180 Chinese gymnosperm species. The spatial and temporal patterns, collector and determiner biases, and phylogenetic and taxon biases were studied to comprehend the collecting bias of gymnosperms in China during 1900–2021. Meanwhile, we assessed the inventory completeness of gymnosperms to identify collecting hotspots and coldspots. The results showed that gymnosperms predominantly inhabit mountainous areas in China. The historical collecting of gymnosperms in China can be divided into two distinct stages with four peaks of collecting activities. The distribution of collected or identified specimens per individual displays significant skewness, and the collecting of gymnosperms has the issues of overcollecting or undersampling. Inventory completeness remains deficient, and collecting intensity is weak in both northern China and the range of 22°–25° N in the southern region (i.e., central Yunnan, southern Guangxi, and eastern Guangdong). Additionally, observation of the spatial distribution reveals both hotspots and coldspots scattered across mountain regions, lacking clustering. This study revealed a highly polarized collecting pattern for gymnosperms in China. Consequently, we recommend optimizing collecting measures, targeted specimen collecting, and continuous dynamic monitoring of gymnosperms in future collecting efforts. These recommendations hold relevance not only for gymnosperms in China but also for other land plants worldwide.
The Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI): Psychometric properties of the European Portuguese version
Authors: Marques Daniel Ruivo , Clemente Vanda , Allen Gomes Ana , Dias Sofia Fontoura , Miller Christopher B. , Espie Colin A. , de Azevedo Maria Helena Pinto 
Published: August 2024

SummaryInsomnia is a highly prevalent sleep disorder. It is the most frequent sleep complaint among Higher Education students. The Sleep Condition Indicator is a self‐report tool aimed at assessing insomnia based on the DSM‐5 criteria. The principal goal of this study was to establish preliminary psychometric properties of the European Portuguese version of the Sleep Condition Indicator in a sample of Higher Education students. Data from a diverse pool of Higher Education students (N = 537) were collected online over a month. Most participants were women (75%) and aged approximately 27 years. The Sleep Condition Indicator demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.85), with all the items accounting significantly for the scale reliability. The most appropriate factor structure considering the ordinal nature of the items was unidimensional, with all items explaining 64% of the total variance. However, a two‐factor structure (sleep pattern and sleep‐related impact) was also plausible when other statistical estimators were used. The Sleep Condition Indicator correlated significantly with insomnia severity, vulnerability to stress‐related sleep disturbance, and self‐reported daytime sleepiness. The optimal cut‐off point established based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was ≤ 16. A short version comprising only two items was also viable as suggested by the literature. The Sleep Condition Indicator is a reliable and valid tool for screening for insomnia. More studies with other groups are now required, specifically with clinical samples.
Is Second Language Attrition Inevitable After Instruction Ends? An Exploratory Longitudinal Study of Advanced Instructed Second Language Users
Authors: Tracy‐Ventura Nicole , Huensch Amanda , Katz Jonah , Mitchell Rosamond 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMost second language acquisition (SLA) research has documented the processes involved in learning second/foreign languages, with few studies focusing on the durability of attained second language (L2) skills once instructed learners/users are no longer receiving formal instruction. The current study examines the effects of continued exposure and peak instructional attainment on the long‐term evolution of advanced, instructed L2 learners’ skills following a longitudinal mixed‐methods research design. Participants (n = 28) completed an oral proficiency test, an oral interview, and a vocabulary knowledge test at multiple times over an 8‐year period, 6 years of which were postinstruction. Results showed that continued exposure contributes to long‐term retention (and some further development) of oral proficiency and fluency and that peak attainment at the end of formal instruction is also an important variable for some areas of L2 performance. Additionally, even the participants with limited exposure demonstrated little attrition over time.