bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology as an Enabler
Authors: Williams W. M. , Hauser M. K. , Woodall D. , Ershaghi I. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper is focused on how technology can significantly accelerate and improve operations, enable petro-technical and business decisions and workflows, and improve real-time access to information and experts. This approach is fundamental to how Chevron is evolving the managment of its upstream businesses. Examples are included to demonstrate how improving work flows and enabling them with technology relies on innovation and integration of people and processes. We'll also show how information can help to create pragmatic solutions that quickly allow us to realize value. By improving performance, increasing efficiency, and streamlining decision making, critical resources can recapture the time and capacity required to help us innovate into the future. As part of the Data Visualization, we'll discuss the petrotechnical integration framework for data visualization, surveillance, analysis, and reporting. We'll show how a web-based workflow petrotechnical portal can provide data access and visualization. This portal is a map-based GIS tool that connects high-value data from our petrotechnical systems of record and exposes it to facilitate decision-making. The context for the web-based tool and its role are shown in the program-level macro workflow. We'll discuss how this technology is enabling faster and broader access to data that currently exists in silos, and how it will afford high-quality analysis.
The Use of a Probabilistic Methodology to Generate and Manage the Production Forecast for Accomplishing Company's Level Goals
Authors: Castaño R. , Medina C. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology to generate a Company's production forecast by applying probabilistic tools to consider uncertainties and their impact on the outcome. Those uncertainties are in the category of technical, operational, social and environmental variables.
By analysing the entire production process at a company level, it was noted that it was required a comprehensive tool for forecasting, defining priorities, goal settings, production system analysis, decision making and performance evaluation. A probabilistic methodology was outlined to take into account uncertainty and interdependence of variables from different order, such as technical (decline, initial rate for new wells, EOR response, workover results), operational (downtime, drilling schedule, access to remote locations, oil evacuation), social (external blockage) and environmental (licensing time and conditions). All these variables are included in the generation of multiple production scenarios using Monte Carlo simulation and probabilistic trees. The probabilistic workflow generates production forecasts starting from each single well up to the Company level. It uses as input the results from conventional tools like reservoir simulation, DCA, Nodal analysis, maintenance plans, failure statistics, etc.
The probabilistic methodology can be used as a management tool that allows defining allencompassing production targets and to focus efforts and resources on the topics that generate greater potential deviation on production behaviour. A key contribution is the capacity to perform sensitivities for the impact of each variable and visualize it as a tornado analysis to define priorities and action plans that are reflected in Team and individual goals throughout the Balance Score Card methodology. As a result, this probabilistic methodology notably contributes to reach the production and unit operating cost target.
This methodology has been applied and improved during 3 years to make it more automatic, to assess risks, to link it to action plans and to combine it with other planning tools such us budgeting, oil transport and sales forecast.
Modelling of Cyclic Hysteresis of Three-Phase Relative Permeability during Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) Injection
Authors: Shahverdi Hamidreza , Sohrabi Mehran 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Multiphase flow takes place in many petroleum reservoirs in particular mature fields and reservoirs under fluid (e.g., gas, WAG) injection. The numerical simulation of such reservoirs requires knowledge of flow functions (i.e. relative permeability and capillary pressure). Since experimental measurement of fluid permeabilities in particular under three-phase flow conditions is very time consuming and difficult, many correlations and models have been developed and are widely used instead of measured data.
In this study, we have used the results of a comprehensive set of water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection coreflood experiments performed under different wettability conditions and core permeability values in order to obtain relative permeabilites of oil, water and gas under reservoir pressure and temperature. Three-phase relative permeability of each phase was obtained by history matching the measured production and differential pressure obtained in the laboratory. The results of the experiments revealed significant cyclic hysteresis effects in gas and oil relative permeability.
We proposed new formulations and methodology for modelling of cyclic hysteresis of three-phase relative permeability during WAG injection. This technique is a direct method which uses measured three-phase kr data obtained from first cycle of WAG to predict the relative permeability of the subsequent cycles. The integrity of this technique has been validated against the three-phase kr data obtained from our WAG experiments
We also assess the validity of the WAG hysteresis model available in reservoir simulators against our three-phase relative permeability data in order to evaluate its performance.
Application and Benefits of Degradable Technology in Open-hole Fracturing
Authors: Aviles I. , Marya M. , Hernandez T. Reyes , Dunne T. , Dardis M. , Baihly J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The introduction of a new technology is critical for operators to expand their completion options, increase efficiency, and drive profitably in challenging environments. For unconventional reservoirs, open-hole fracturing has been key for the economic success of new ventures. With the increase in activity of liquids rich plays, there is a growing need for new technology developments for open-hole fracturing systems that further optimize these completions.
Using a combination of open-hole packers and sliding sleeves, open-hole fracturing tools successfully segment horizontal sections of the reservoir to be stimulated individually. In order to achieve isolation, seats of increasing diameters are placed inside the completion at each fracturing sleeve. These seats catch a ball that performs the function of opening the sleeve for fracturing purposes and isolating the completion below the stage. After the stimulation job is performed, the balls should ideally flow back to surface. Unfortunately, as seen in the field and described in the literature, this is often not the case. Balls frequently remain in the completion without coming to surface. In some cases depending on ball and seat material, balls may actually get stuck in the ball seats completely isolating production from the stages below. Many operators have found this to be a root cause of production problems and they are forced to take the added cost and risk of milling out the balls and seats.
A new degradable material has been developed for use on frac balls that are used in said open-hole completions. Balls made of this material can handle pressure differentials beyond the current market offering without deformation. After fracturing, these balls degrade away opening up the flow path of the well without intervention. The degradation time is a function of temperature and water chemistry (including brine), but 1 to 4 days is a typical degradation time. No other requirements are needed for the degradation process to occur.
This paper discusses a new degradable metal technology and its application in open-hole fracturing.
Successful Implementation of Engineered Fiber Based Loss Circulation Control Solution to Effectively Cure Losses While Drilling, Cementing and Work Over Operations in Oman
Authors: Jain Bipin , Khattak Mohammad Arif , Mesa Alvaro Martin , Al Kalbani Sultan , Meyer Arnoud , Aghbari Salim , Al-Salti Anwar , Hennette Benjamin , Khaldi Mohammed , Al-Yaqoubi Ali , Al-Sharji Hamed 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Oman is a hotspot for drilling activity and wells are being drilled in different environments varying from Deep exploration and development for gas and oil and water injection/disposal. One challenge tops all other challenges: Lost Circulation. Due to the fractured/fissured nature of the formation and low existing reservoir pressures, all major operators are suffering from lost circulation challenges. Some of the challenges include: Mud losses while drilling leading to cost overruns and HSE concerns, primary cement job failure due to not getting the cement up to the desired height resulting in subsequent sustained casing pressure and corrosion, not able to perform work over activity on certain wells due to losses. Enormous quantities of water are required to maintain well control, and due to the limitation of water availability all over Oman, this becomes another critical issue. An Engineered fiber-based Loss Circulation pill has proved successful to address these challenges in multiple fields for Petroleum Development Oman.
Drilling shallow wells in Oman through the naturally fractured limestone formation of Natih, usually results in significant losses of up to 55 m3/h (346 bbl/h) even with a low density drilling fluid of 1,033 to 1,070kg/m3 (8.6 to 8.9lbm/gal). Packoffs are often observed due to the swelling shale section, which leads to several attempts with kick-off plugs and sidetracking. Engineered fibers pills enabled total returns to surface when no other loss circulation solution had worked before. This also enabled to bring cement all the way to surface using 1,410kg/m3 (11.8lbm/gal).
In another field, a work over rig was mobilized to perform a well kill operation and pullout. Due to total losses through perforations into the reservoir, the well kill could not be completed. In addition, every time the water level fell gas started to flow in the well. After 17 attempts and 8 loss circulation material pills, a total of 763m3 (4,800bbl) of well-supply water had been pumped. An engineered fiber pill at 1,474kg/m3 (12.3lbm/gal) was designed and bullheaded into the perforations. The pressures while pumping and squeezing rose to 11,031kPa (1,600psi). The well was shut and observed for 3 hours without any pressure increase indicating losses were cured and gas flow stopped.
Engineered fibers have proved their value in all sorts of lost circulation applications in North Oman. These pills have been successfully used to mitigate losses while drilling, while cementing, during mud circulation before cement job when the casing is on bottom and in work over jobs in depleted reservoirs. With the level of success achieved with such treatments, in some fields it has become a standard practice for curing losses.
Lower Tertiary - A Comprehensive Well Completion Design Methodology to Overcome Reservoir Challenges
Authors: Chavez Marco A , Garcia Gonzalo A , Pogoson Oje Li , "Lisa" Yu , Cardona Andres H , Nelson Roy N. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
In developing an encompassing well completion design, an integrated, comprehensive solution study was under taken for the Lower Tertiary, mainly Wilcox Formation in the Gulf of Mexico. The study included reservoir characterization, optimized hydraulic 3D fracture design and modeling, nodal analysis and production forecasting and reservoir simulation to determine optimum well completion requirements such as internal tubing diameter, completion tool inner strings and downhole control valve sizes.
Preliminary studies from the Wilcox Formation were taken into consideration. Assuming a 3000-ft. MD gross height for the Wilcox formation, a representative LAS file containing the main curves for this formation was stretched out to have representative curves for the gamma ray, resistivity, neutron porosity, density, sonic delta compressional and values of core permeability.
The pore pressure and stress gradients were defined for each of the zones selected for stimulation. The stress profile was calculated implementing the Gamma Ray Index (GRI) and VShale on a per-foot basis for the zones selected withthe gamma ray curve and the assumed input values for sand and shale.
The mechanical properties were calculated from correlations for Vp and Vs utilizing the Vsh values as defined above, which in turn determined the dynamic values for Young Modulus and Poisson on the same per-foot foundation. Additional calculations were performed to determine the static values of the same characteristics for each of the selected zone depths.
The optimum well completion configuration was determined by evaluating: the fracture design (optimum treatment schedule for each zone) and minimizing pressure losses in the production tubing. Well completion reservoir simulations assisting to estimate the flow velocity during the well life. The production system was designed to not exceed the critical erosion velocity of the downhole equipment.
The study supports re-defining the well completion design requirements (maximum ratings) for ultra-deep water, high pressure and temperature applications.
Patterns of Language Use in Accounting Narratives and Their Impact on Investment-Related Judgments and Decisions
Authors: Riley Tracey J. , Semin Gün R. , Yen Alex C. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
Recent research has examined the role of accounting narratives on investors' judgments and decisions. This study extends this line of inquiry by examining the effects of language categories on investors' judgments and decisions—the notion that narratives written with different predicates (verbs versus adjectives/nouns) will have a differential effect on investors. We use a language classification system, the Linguistic Category Model (LCM), to identify linguistic categories that vary on the dimension of abstractness/concreteness. First, the validity of the LCM in an accounting context is tested by analyzing quarterly earnings press releases. Results show that the language in press releases is more concrete (abstract) when the associated financial information is positive (negative). Second, an experiment to examine the effect of language categories on investors' judgments and decisions is conducted. The findings indicate that investors are least (most) likely to invest when a negatively (positively) valenced narrative is written concretely.
Truck Redesign Case: Simulating the Target Costing Process in a Product Design Environment
Authors: Everaert Patricia , Swenson Dan W. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
This active learning exercise simulates the target costing process and demonstrates how a management theory (goal setting theory) is relevant to a business improvement initiative (target costing). As part of the target costing simulation, student participants work in teams to address a business issue (product development) that moves across functional boundaries. The simulation begins with students learning how to assemble a model truck and calculate its product cost using activity-based costing. Students are then divided into teams and instructed to reduce the truck's cost through a redesign exercise, subject to certain customer requirements and quality constraints. Typically, the teams achieve cost reduction by eliminating unnecessary parts, by using less expensive parts, and by using less part variety. This exercise provides a unique opportunity for students to actively participate in a redesign exercise. It results in student teams creating a wide variety of truck designs with vastly different product costs. The case ends by having a discussion about target costing, goal setting theory, and the implications of the target costing simulation.
This simulation contains a number of specific learning objectives. First, students learn how the greatest opportunity for cost reduction occurs during the product design stage of the product development cycle. Second, students see firsthand how design-change decisions affect a product's costs, and the role of the cost information in guiding those decisions. Third, students experience the cross-functional interaction that occurs between sales and marketing, design engineering, and accounting during product development. Finally, this exercise helps students understand the concept of target costing. The simulation is appropriate for undergraduate or graduate management accounting classes.
Data Availability:  For more information about this case, contact the first author at Patricia.Everaert@UGent.be.
Insider Entrenchment and CEO Compensation: Evidence from Initial Public Offering Firms
Authors: Forst Arno , Park Myung Seok , Wier Benson 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
We examine how insider entrenching governance choices of firms conducting their initial public offering (IPOs) influence the CEOs compensation contracts post-IPO. Using ten legal provisions affecting insider entrenchment, we find that entrenching governance decisions have a significant effect on CEO compensation post-IPO. Specifically, we observe a positive association between entrenchment and levels of post-IPO salary, total compensation, and pay-for-performance sensitivity. We also find a negative relation between entrenchment and the proportion of CEOs' salary to total compensation. Our observed relationships are principally driven by takeover readiness provision choices rather than voting rights limitation choices. Our results are robust to controlling for potential confounding effects.
JEL Classifications: M41; M52; G34; G32.
Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis –a clinical study at a tertiary health center in Nepal
Authors: Pathak Rahul , Niraula Kiran , Khadga Prem Krishna , Singh Kumar Vikram , Sharma Ishwar 
Published: September 2013

Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of different variables including the Model of End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores in hospitalized patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and its correlation with adverse outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 73 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis, ascites, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis admitted to a gastroenterology department from February 2010 to November 2012. MELD scores were calculated using laboratory parameters and the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) internet MELD tool. Results: Categorical variables and mortality status were analyzed for association by chi-square test. MELD scores and all-cause mortality were found to be positively correlated. Mortality was higher among the groups with MELD scores greater than 15. Upon stratification of the groups by mortality status, only age and urea level were novel and consistent predictors of mortality. Conclusions: In this Nepalese sample of cirrhotic patients, MELD scores along with age and urea level were confirmed as significant predictors of mortality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v2i2.8776 J ournal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2013;02(02):47-51
Falsely Elevated Acetaminophen Levels in the Setting of Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Parekh Parth J , Manser Thomas J 
Published: September 2013

A 51-year-old male with a history of heavy alcohol abuse presented with alcoholic hepatitis and acute renal failure. Although he denied acetaminophen (APAP) ingestion, he was found to have elevated APAP levels that persisted and actually increased despite treatment with N-acetylcysteine. Review of the literature reveals that falsely elevated APAP levels may rarely occur with patients suffering from liver failure and felt to be related to severe hyperbilirubinemia. Interpretation of APAP levels in patients with severe liver disease and hyperbilirubinemia may be difficult and lead to diagnostic and therapeutic confusion. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v2i2.8782 Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2013;02(02):74-77
Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Expression Is Associated With Metastasis and Adverse Clinical Outcome in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comparative Study and Review of the Literature
Authors: Xu Bin , Abourbih Samuel , Sircar Kanishka , Kassouf Wassim , Mansure Jose Joao , Aprikian Armen , Tanguay Simon , Brimo Fadi 
Published: September 2013

Context.—Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase mediating chromatin condensation and epigenetic modulation, is overexpressed in various human carcinomas and is associated with adverse clinicopathologic characteristics and biologic behavior. The expression of EZH2 in renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) has not been fully characterized yet.Objective.—To evaluate the prognostic role of EZH2 in RCC by analyzing the immunohistochemical staining pattern of the marker in relation to pathologic features and clinical outcome.Design.—We correlated the immunolabeling of EZH2 with multiple clinicopathologic features, including Fuhrman nuclear grade, pathologic stage, metastatic status, and clinical outcome in 223 clear cell RCCs (CRCCs) and 21 papillary RCCs, by using tissue microarrays of primary and metastatic cases.Results.—Most CRCCs (75%) showed positive EZH2 staining, with most primary tumors showing focal staining in comparison to nonfocal staining in metastatic cases. In primary tumors, EZH2 expression was associated with higher nuclear grade and lower pathologic stage. Metastatic tumors showed a higher number of positive cases (81% versus 67%) and a more diffuse and more intense pattern of staining than primary CRCCs. For the 22 locally advanced primary tumors (T3/4) and 43 metastatic RCCs, patients who experienced RCC-related deaths significantly overexpressed the marker in comparison to patients who did not experience RCC-related mortality.Conclusions.—By showing that EZH2 expression is associated with increased metastatic potential and a worse clinical outcome, this study suggests that EZH2 can serve as a prognostic biomarker for RCC, thus confirming it as a key molecule driving oncogenesis and metastasis.
Lucrările Simpozionului Internaţional Cartea, România, Europa. Ediţia a II-1, 20–24 septembrie 2009; and Travaux de Symposium International Le Livre, la Roumanie, l’Europe. Troisième édition, 20–24 septembre 2010
Authors: Jamison Stephanie W. 
Published: September 2013

Lucrările Simpozionului Internaţional Cartea, România, Europa. Ediţia a II-1, 20–24 septembrie 2009. Edited by Julieta Rotaru. Secţiunea a treia: Studii Euroasiatice şi Afroasiatice—De la mit la ritual. Bucharest: Editura Biblioteca Bucureştilor, 2010. Pp. 461–738.
Travaux de Symposium International Le Livre, la Roumanie, l’Europe. Troisième édition, 20–24 septembre 2010. Vol. 3: Études euro- et afro-asiatiques, III A: La Veda-Vedāṅga et l’Avesta entre oralité et écriture. Edited by Jan E. M. Houben and Julieta Rotaru. Bucharest: Éditeur Bibliothèque de Bucarest, 2011. Pp. 11–532.
Mixed‐Matrix Membranes
Authors: Adams Ryan , Johnson Justin R. , Zhang Chen , Lively Ryan , Dai Ying , Esekhile Omoyen , Liu Junqiang , Koros William J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMixed matrix or hybrid membranes combine the ease and experience of processing traditional polymeric materials with the desirable separation properties of inorganic or liquid materials. Since the initial demonstration of these hybrid materials over 50 years ago, there has been a significant growth in research by academia and industry alike. The potential application of these membranes covers a vast array of gas and liquid separations in theory; however, the focus of many researchers to date has been the preparation and characterization of these membranes as they introduce unique challenges that are not encountered when processing polymeric membranes. This article focuses on the theory and practice of mixed matrix membrane preparation as well as the impact of preparation on transport properties.