bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wolves and lynx: Plausible ideas make for testable hypotheses
Authors: Wirsing Aaron J. , Buskirk Steven W. , Ripple William J. , Beschta Robert L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe recently wrote an opinion piece (Ripple et al. 2011) hypothesizing that the presence of wolves (Canis lupus) could indirectly benefit Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) by suppressing competition with coyotes (Canis latrans). Subsequent comments by Hodges (2012) and Squires et al. (2012) raise several issues regarding our essay. In our reply, we 1) emphasize that many valid hypotheses precede rather than follow data collection, 2) provide additional evidence showing negative effects of wolves on coyotes and an inverse relationship between wolf and coyote abundance, 3) indicate that wolves could increase the availability of hares to lynx by reducing not only hare predation by coyotes but also potential impacts on hare habitat by ungulates, and 4) reject the notion that our expressed views conflict in any way with existing conservation and recovery goals for lynx in the continental United States. We conclude by reaffirming our support for opinion pieces in professional journals, whether or not they are buttressed by large amounts of data, as vehicles for new ideas and catalysts for scientific debate and discussion. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Role of fibroblast growth factor signaling in vascular formation and maintenance: orchestrating signaling networks as an integrated system
Authors: Murakami Masahiro , Sakurai Takashi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe vascular system has begun to be perceived as a dynamic organ actively controlling a wide variety of physiological processes. The structural and functional integrity of blood vessels, regulated by signaling activities finely modulating cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, is crucial for vessel physiology, as well as basic functionality of the tissue. Throughout the process of new vessel formation, while blood vessels are actively reorganized and remodeled with migration and proliferation of vascular cells, maintenance of vascular barrier function is essentially important. These conflicting properties, i.e., dynamic cellular mobilization and maintenance of barrier integrity, are simultaneously achieved through the interaction of highly organized signaling networks governing coordinated cell–cell interplay. Recent evidence suggests that the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) system plays a regulatory role in several physiological conditions in the vascular system. In this article, we will attempt to summarize current knowledge in order to understand the mechanism of this coordination and evaluate the pivotal role of FGF signaling in integrating a diverse range of signaling events in vascular growth and maintenance. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2012, 4:615–629. DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1190This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling
Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease
Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology
Microbial transformation of 2-amino-4-methyl-3-nitropyridine
Authors: Tully Thomas , Liu Mark , Huang Yande , Ye Qingmei , Patel Ramesh N , Goswami Animesh 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Biotransformation of the highly substituted pyridine derivative 2-amino-4-methyl-3-nitropyridine by Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 26269 yielded three products each with a molecular weight of 169 Da which were identified as 2-amino-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-nitropyridine, 2-amino-4-hydroxymethyl-3-nitropyridine, and 2-amino-4-methyl-3-nitropyridine-1-oxide. Biotransformation by Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 14890 gave two different products each with a molecular weight of 169 Da; one was acid labile and converted to the other stable product under acidic conditions. The structure of the stable product was established as 2-amino-4-methyl-3-nitro-6(1H)-pyridinone, and that of the less stable product was assigned as its tautomer 2-amino-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-nitropyridine. Four of the five biotransformation products are new compounds. Several strains of Aspergillus also converted the same substrate to the lactam 2-amino-4-methyl-3-nitro-6(1H)-pyridinone. Microbial hydroxylation by C. elegans was found to be inhibited by sulfate ion. In order to improve the yield and productivity of the 5-hydroxylation reaction by C. elegans, critical process parameters were determined and Design of Experiments (DOE) analyses were performed. Biotransformation by C. elegans was scaled up to 15-l fermentors providing 2-amino-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-nitropyridine at ca. 13 % yield in multi-gram levels. A simple isolation process not requiring chromatography was developed to provide purified 2-amino-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-nitropyridine of excellent quality.
Correlation between the ossification of nuchal ligament and clinical cervical disorders
Authors: Tsai Yu‐Lin , Weng Ming‐Cheng , Chen Tien‐Wen , Hsieh Yi‐Lun , Chen Chia‐Shin , Huang Mao‐Hsiung 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis is a correlation analysis between severity of the ossification of the nuchal ligament (ONL) and clinical cervical disorders including neck dysfunction, cervical malalignment, and morphologic changes of the cervical neural foramen (CNF). The clinical effects of ONL on active range of motion (AROM) of neck, cervical radiculopathy, abnormal cervical curvature, and the degree of CNF stenosis in patients with painful neck stiffness are investigated. Studies have investigated the predisposing factors to cervical dysfunction and degenerative disorders; however, few studies have examined the influence of the ONL on neck function and cervical spine. A total of 31 participants with painful neck stiffness were recruited. They accepted measurement of cervical AROM and serial cervical radiographs at anterior–posterior view, lateral view, and bilateral oblique views. Parameters of radiographs measurement included cervical lordotic curve, and cross‐sectional areas (CSA) of the ONL and CNF (C2–C3, C4–C5, C5–C6, and C6–C7 levels). The ratio of CSA of the lower CNF (C4–C5, C5–C6, C6–C7) to CSA of the upper CNF (C2–C3) was used as a CNF stenosis ratio. The correlations of ONL size, neck symptoms, cervical AROM, lordotic curve, and CNF stenosis ratio were analyzed. More than half of all patients were positive in cervical root signs and prone to have larger ONL. Neck AROM of all participants was significantly below normal average in all directions, and a moderate negative association was found between the ONL CSA and AROM in flexion–extension. Most patients had moderate loss of cervical lordotic curve despite there being no significant correlation between ONL CSA and cervical curvature. Moreover, CNF stenosis ratio significantly negatively correlated with ONL CSA. Patients with larger ONL had more severe cervical radiculopathy, more stiffness in flexion–extension direction, more complex degenerative change of spine, and worse CNF stenosis.
Laser plasma accelerator driven by a super-Gaussian pulse
Authors: OSTERMAYR TOBIAS , PETROVICS STEFAN , IQBAL KHALID , KLIER CONSTANTIN , RUHL HARTMUT , NAKAJIMA KAZUHISA , DENG AIHUA , ZHANG XIAOMEI , SHEN BAIFEI , LIU JIANSHENG , LI RUXIN , XU ZHIZHAN , TAJIMA TOSHIKI 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) with a weak focusing force is considered to seek improved beam quality in LWFA. We employ super-Gaussian laser pulses to generate the wakefield and study the behavior of the electron beam dynamics and synchrotron radiation arising from the transverse betatron oscillations through analysis and computation. We note that the super-Gaussian wakefields radically reduce the betatron oscillations and make the electron orbits mainly ballistic over a single stage. This feature permits to obtain small emittance and thus high luminosity, while still benefitting from the low-density operation of LWFA (Nakajima et al. 2011 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams14, 091301), such as the reduced radiation loss, less number of stages, less beam instabilities, and less required wall plug power than in higher density regimes.
Optimum angle for side injection of electrons into linear plasma wakefields
Authors: LOTOV K. V. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA unified model of electron penetration into linear plasma wakefields is formulated and studied. The optimum angle for side injection of electrons is found. At smaller angles, all electrons are reflected radially. At larger angles, electrons enter the wakefield with superfluous transverse momentum that is unfavorable for trapping. Separation of incident electrons into penetrated and reflected fractions occurs in the outer region of the wakefield at some ‘reflection’ radius that depends on electron energy.
Core functions for the public health nutrition workforce in Europe: a consensus study
Authors: Jonsdottir Svandis , Thorsdottir Inga , Kugelberg Susanna , Yngve Agneta , Kennedy Nicholas P , Hughes Roger 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess and develop a consensus among a European panel of public health nutrition workforce stakeholders (academics and employers) regarding core functions required for effective public health nutrition practice.DesignA modified Delphi study involving data from two rounds of questionnaires administered among a panel of public health nutrition workforce stakeholders.SettingEurope.SubjectsA panel of fifty-three public health nutrition development stakeholders, including thirty-three academics and twenty employers, sampled from eighteen European countries.ResultsPanellists rated 50 % (19/38) of the initially listed functions as core (i.e. without which public health capacity is limited), using a majority cut-off (>50 %). Out of the nineteen core functions seven were categorised under the headingIntervention management, emphasising high agreement on the importance of managing interventions in public health nutrition work. Only one of the identified core public health nutrition functions was rated differently between academics and employers, suggesting consistent identification of core functions between stakeholder groups.ConclusionsThis consensus on core functions of the public health nutrition workforce in Europe can be used to promote a consistent understanding of the role and value of public health nutritionists as a discrete disciplinary sub-specialty of the public health workforce. The convergence of opinions of academics and employers, as well as comparison with previous international studies, indicates that there is a set of core public health nutrition functions transferable between countries that can be used as a benchmark to guide further development of the public health nutrition workforce in Europe.
The Amsterdam–St. Paul Plateau: A complex hot spot/DUPAL‐flavored MORB interaction
Authors: Janin M. , Hémond C. , Maia M. , Nonnotte P. , Ponzevera E. , Johnson K. T. M. 
Published: August 2012

The Amsterdam–St Paul (ASP) oceanic plateau results from the interaction between the ASP hot spot and the Southeast Indian ridge. A volcanic chain, named the Chain of the Dead Poets (CDP), lies to its northward tip and is related to the hot spot intraplate activity. The ASP plateau and CDP study reveals that ASP plume composition is inherited from oceanic crust and pelagic sediments recycled in the mantle through a 1.5 Ga subduction process. The ASP plateau lavas have a composition (major and trace elements and Sr‐Nd‐Pb‐Hf isotopes) reflecting the interaction between ASP plume and the Indian MORB mantle, including some clear DUPAL input. The Indian upper mantle below ASP plateau is heterogeneous and made of a depleted mantle with lower continental crust (LCC) fragments probably delaminated during the Gondwana break‐up. The lower continental crust is one of the possible reservoirs for the DUPAL anomaly origin that our data support. The range of magnitude of each end‐member required in ASP plateau samples is (1) 45% to 75% of ASP plume and (2) 25% to 55% of Indian DM within 0% to a maximum of 6% of LCC layers included within. The three end‐members involved (plume, upper mantle and lower continental crust) and their mixing in different proportions enhances the geochemical variability in the plateau lavas. Consequently, the apparent composition homogeneity of Amsterdam Island, an aerial summit of the plateau, may result from the presence of intermediate magmatic chambers into the plateau structure.
Longitudinal variability of thermospheric temperatures from WINDII O(1S) dayglow
Authors: Shepherd Marianna G. , Shepherd Gordon G. , Cho Young‐Min 
Published: August 2012

A topic of great current interest in atmospheric dynamics is the developing recognition of the influence of the diurnal eastward‐propagating non‐migrating tide of wave number 3 (DE3) on the thermosphere. Longitudinal variations of the equatorialFregion ionospheric electron density show a zonal wave number 4 (wave‐4, WN4) pattern, expected for satellite observations at a fixed local time with respect to a rotating Earth. WINDII observations of airglow O(1S) volume emission rate (VER), excited by photoelectron impact on atomic oxygen at 250 km have previously been interpreted as neutral density observations; they have shown the wave 4 to be a common density perturbation in the equatorial thermosphere. The analysis has been extended further by examining thermospheric neutral temperatures from September 1992 to April 1993 at 245 km height derived from the vertical gradient of the observed daytime O(1S) VERs at 235–255 km yielding the atomic oxygen density scale heights centered at this altitude. The thermospheric temperatures show a distinct and persistent wave‐4 signature at 20°S–40°S with a pronounced increase during March equinox.
Textural and modal analyses of picritic basalts with ChemCam Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Authors: Cousin A. , Sautter V. , Fabre C. , Maurice S. , Wiens R. C. 
Published: August 2012

The ChemCam instrument suite on the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity provides standoff compositional information using the first Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) on a planetary mission and provides visual data on sample texture using a remote microimager. The LIBS technique is normally used to provide both qualitative (PCA, ICA) and quantitative (PLS) measurements. In this study we test its ability to evaluate variations in the proportion of different mineral phases, the distribution of mineral grains and the relative proportions of pyroxene and plagioclase in five basaltic rocks: (1) three picritic samples: Martian shergottite Dar al Gani 476 with olivine phenocrysts in a coarse‐grained pyroxene‐rich matrix; a terrestrial analog of Gusev basalt with a fine‐grained matrix and equal amounts of pyroxene and plagioclase; a synthetic microlitic glass and (2) two basaltic terrestrial rocks. LIBS measurements were acquired at a 3‐m standoff distance using a constant 400 μm beam size. The number of analysis locations per sample was fixed to five regardless of the rock texture. Results show that olivine phenocrysts can be easily distinguished from groundmass. The standard deviation of Ca/Al emission line ratios correlates with the grain size of the analyzed rocks and corresponds to the amount of plagioclase and pyroxene in the sample, even when the grain size is smaller than the laser spot size.
Mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing PEDF decrease the angiogenesis of gliomas
Authors: Wang Qiaoshu , Zhang Zhaoyun , Ding Tianling , Chen Zi , Zhang Tao 
Published: August 2012

The present study is an exploration of a novel strategy to target a therapeutic gene to brain tumour tissues. In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of using hMSCs (human mesenchymal stem cells) to deliver PEDF (pigment epithelium-derived factor), a potent inhibitor of tumour angiogenesis, in a model of intracranial gliomas. To assess its potential of tracking gliomas, MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) were injected into the cerebral hemisphere and it showed that MSCs infiltrated into the vessel beds and scattered throughout the tumour. In vitro migration assay showed that the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) enhanced MSC migration. In contrast, the migratory activity of MSCs was significantly inhibited with the presence of PEDF. Systematic delivery of AAV (adeno-associated virus)–PEDF to established glioma xenografts resulted in increased apoptosis of gliomas. In addition, MSC–PEDF treatment prolonged the survival of mice bearing U87 gliomas. Taken together, these data validate that MSCs–PEDF can migrate and deliver PEDF to target glioma cells, which may be a novel and promising therapeutic approach for refractory brain tumour.
Near-atomic resolution structural model of the yeast 26S proteasome
Authors: Beck Florian , Unverdorben Pia , Bohn Stefan , Schweitzer Andreas , Pfeifer Günter , Sakata Eri , Nickell Stephan , Plitzko Jürgen M. , Villa Elizabeth , Baumeister Wolfgang , Förster Friedrich 
Published: August 2012

The 26S proteasome operates at the executive end of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Here, we present a cryo-EM structure of the
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
26S proteasome at a resolution of 7.4 Å or 6.7 Å (Fourier-Shell Correlation of 0.5 or 0.3, respectively). We used this map in conjunction with molecular dynamics-based flexible fitting to build a near-atomic resolution model of the holocomplex. The quality of the map allowed us to assign α-helices, the predominant secondary structure element of the regulatory particle subunits, throughout the entire map. We were able to determine the architecture of the Rpn8/Rpn11 heterodimer, which had hitherto remained elusive. The MPN domain of Rpn11 is positioned directly above the AAA-ATPase N-ring suggesting that Rpn11 deubiquitylates substrates immediately following commitment and prior to their unfolding by the AAA-ATPase module. The MPN domain of Rpn11 dimerizes with that of Rpn8 and the C-termini of both subunits form long helices, which are integral parts of a coiled-coil module. Together with the C-terminal helices of the six PCI-domain subunits they form a very large coiled-coil bundle, which appears to serve as a flexible anchoring device for all the lid subunits.
Quantifying dielectrophoretic nanoparticle response to amplitude modulated input signal
Authors: Bakewell D J , Chichenkov A 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A new experimental system and theoretical model have been developed to systematically quantify and analyse the movement of nanoparticles subjected to continuously pulsed, or amplitude modulated, dielectrophoretic (DEP) input signal. Modulation DEP-induced concentration fluctuations of fluorescently labelled 0.5 µm and 1.0 µm diameter latex nanospheres, localized near castellated electrode edges, were quantified using real-time fluorescence microscope dielectrophoretic spectroscopy. Experimental measurements show that the fluorescence fluctuations decrease as the modulation frequency increases—in agreement with model predictions. The modulation frequency was varied from 25 × 10−3 to 25 Hz and the duty-cycle ratios ranged from zero to unity. Two new parameters for characterizing DEP nanoparticle transport are defined: the modulation frequency bandwidth and the optimal duty-cycle ratio. The ‘on/off’ modulation bandwidth, for micrometre scale movement, was measured to be 0.6 Hz and 1.0 Hz for 1.0 µm and 0.5 µm diameter nanospheres, respectively. At these cut-off frequencies very little movement of the nanospheres could be microscopically observed. Optimal fluorescence fluctuations, for modulation frequencies ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 Hz, occurred for duty-cycle ratio values ranging from 0.3 to 0.7—agreeing with theory. The results are useful for automated DEP investigations and associated technologies.
Aucassin, Gauvain, and (Re)Ordering Paris, BnF, fr. 2168
Authors: Simpson James R. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

This article considers the place of
Aucassin et Nicolette
and
L'Âtre périlleux
in Paris, BnF, fr. 2168. Following on from remarks by Keith Busby, the present study draws on F. W. Bourdillon's edition, which concludes that the manuscript was not originally ordered as it appears at present, but was reorganized during the Middle Ages. The principal change here is that
L'Âtre périlleux
was moved from the centre of the collection to its opening, a reorganization that necessitates some rethinking both of the relations between the texts contained in the compilation and of our sense of its thematic architecture. In addition, this repositioning also, arguably, bears witness to divergent views regarding the place of Gauvain — an object of criticism and ridicule in a variety of romance texts — in the collection itself and in the genre of romance more generally. Accordingly, as part of a wider examination of the complex intertextual and intergeneric relations in fr. 2168, the present study argues that Gauvain's relocation and movement within the collection reads as the material manifestation of anxieties and uncertainties regarding his status and influence as a literary figure, a generic and gender trouble to which
Aucassin et Nicolette
appears as a key witness.
Legacies of the Second World War: Representations of the Theft of Jewish Property in Recent French Crime Fiction
Authors: Hutton Margaret-Anne 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

How can crime be defined in times of war? How does the theft of goods and property from Jews during the Second World War fit into various different discourses — fictional, ethical, legal, historical? Working with a small corpus of five crime fiction texts published between 1999 and 2005, this article explores the highly mediatized issue of the spoliation and plunder of valuables from Jews in France under the Occupation. The crime fiction narrative is revealed to differ significantly from the official French government Mattéoli report on the subject, which equates plunder (
pillage
) with the Nazis and makes minimal mention of French perpetrators. Beyond constituting a supplement (or complement) to the official narrative, the fictional corpus displays a marked concern for intergenerational relations and troubled and troubling aspects of the legacy of the war years. Although all five texts in the corpus offer closure of sorts, a careful reading of the representation of provenance suggests that a concern with cultural heritage, or
patrimoine
, may muddy the ethical waters.
From Homofraternity to Hospitality: Deconstructing the Political with Derrida and the Dardennes
Authors: McMahon Laura 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

This article stages an encounter between the work of contemporary Belgian filmmakers Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne and the thinking of the political elaborated by Jacques Derrida. In
La Promesse
(1996) and
Le Fils
(2002) the Dardennes explore issues of responsibility, justice, hospitality, and forgiveness, tracing fragile modes of relationality formed on the ruins of the paternal–filial bond. The article argues that Derrida's interrogation of the homofraternal logic underpinning democracy, and his attendant recasting of the political in terms of the promise, the incalculable, the spectral, and the
démocratie à venir
, offers a fertile framework for reading the deconstruction of the political in these two films and for thinking through the moves made here by cinema beyond the present, beyond ontology, and beyond identification.