bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass Cycle and Dynamics of a Virtual Quiescent Prominence
Authors: Donné D. , Keppens R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The mass cycle of solar prominences or filaments is still not completely understood. Researchers agree that these dense structures form by coronal in situ condensations and plasma siphoning from the underlying chromosphere. In the evaporation–condensation model siphoning arises due to evaporation of chromospheric plasma from localized footpoint heating, but this is challenging to justify observationally. Here, we simulate the reconnection–condensation model at extreme resolutions down to 20.8 km within a three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic coronal volume. We form a draining, quiescent prominence and associated coronal rain simultaneously. We show that thermal instability—acting as a trigger for local condensation formation—by itself drives siphoning flows from the low corona without the need of any localized heating. In addition, for the first time, we demonstrate through a statistical analysis along more than 1000 magnetic field lines that cold condensations give rise to siphoning flows within magnetic threads. This siphoning arises from the strong pressure gradient along field lines induced by thermal instability. No correlation is found between siphoning flows and the prominence mass, making thermal instability the main in situ mass-collection mechanism. Our simulated prominence drains by gliding along strongly sheared, asymmetric, dipped magnetic arcades, and develops natural vertical fine structure in an otherwise horizontal magnetic field due to the magnetic Rayleigh–Taylor instability. By synthesising our data, our model shows remarkable agreement with observations of quiescent prominences such as its dark coronal cavity in extreme-ultraviolet emission channels, fine-scale vertical structure, and reconnection outflows, which, for the first time, have been self-consistently obtained as the prominence evolves.
Characterizing the γ-Ray Emission from FR0 Radio Galaxies
Authors: Khatiya Nikita S. , Boughelilba Margot , Karwin Christopher M. , McDaniel Alex , Zhao Xiurui , Ajello Marco , Reimer Anita , Hartmann Dieter H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
FR0 galaxies constitute the most abundant jet population in the local Universe. With their compact jet structure, they are broadband photon emitters and have been proposed as multimessenger sources. Recently, these sources have been detected for the first time in γ rays. Using a revised FR0 catalog, we confirm that the FR0 population as a whole are γ-ray emitters, and we also identify two significant sources. For the first time, we find a correlation between the 5 GHz core radio luminosity and γ-ray luminosity in the 1–800 GeV band, having a 4.8σ statistical significance. This is clear evidence that the jet emission mechanism is similar in nature for FR0s and the well-studied canonical FR (FRI and FRII) radio galaxies. Furthermore, we perform broadband spectral energy distribution modeling for the significantly detected sources as well as the subthreshold source population using a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. Within the maximum jet power budget, our modeling shows that the detected γ rays from the jet can be explained as inverse Compton photons. To explain the multiwavelength observations for these galaxies, the modeling results stipulate a low bulk Lorentz factor and a jet composition far from equipartition, with the particle energy density dominating over the magnetic field energy density.
Kilonova Spectral Inverse Modelling with Simulation-based Inference: An Amortized Neural Posterior Estimation Analysis
Authors: Darc P. , Bom C. R. , Fraga B. , Kilpatrick C. D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Kilonovae represent a category of astrophysical transients, identifiable as the electromagnetic (EM) counterparts associated with the coalescence events of binary systems comprising neutron stars and neutron star–black hole pairs. They act as probes for heavy-element nucleosynthesis in astrophysical environments. These studies rely on an inference of the physical parameters (e.g., ejecta mass, velocity, composition) that describe kilonovae-based on EM observations. This is a complex inverse problem typically addressed with sampling-based methods such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo or nested sampling algorithms. However, repeated inferences can be computationally expensive, due to the sequential nature of these methods. This poses a significant challenge to ensuring the reliability and statistical validity of the posterior approximations and, thus, the inferred kilonova parameters themselves. We present a novel approach: simulation-based inference using simulations produced by KilonovaNet. Our method employs an ensemble of amortized neural posterior estimation (ANPE) with an embedding network to directly predict posterior distributions from simulated spectral energy distributions. We take advantage of the quasi-instantaneous inference time of ANPE to demonstrate the reliability of our posterior approximations using diagnostics tools, including coverage diagnostic and posterior predictive checks. We further test our model with real observations from AT 2017gfo, the only kilonova with multimessenger data, demonstrating agreement with previous likelihood-based methods while reducing inference time down to a few seconds. The inference results produced by ANPE appear to be conservative and reliable, paving the way for testable and more efficient kilonova parameter inference.
Milky Way-est: Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations with Large Magellanic Cloud and Gaia–Sausage–Enceladus Analogs
Authors: Buch Deveshi , Nadler Ethan O. , Wechsler Risa H. , Mao Yao-Yuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present Milky Way-est, a suite of 20 cosmological cold-dark-matter-only zoom-in simulations of Milky Way (MW)-like host halos. Milky Way-est hosts are selected such that they (i) are consistent with the MW’s measured halo mass and concentration, (ii) accrete a Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC)-like (≈1011
M
⊙) subhalo within the last 2 Gyr on a realistic orbit, placing them near 50 kpc from the host center at z ≈ 0, and (iii) undergo a >1:5 sub-to-host halo mass ratio merger with a Gaia–Sausage–Enceladus (GSE)-like system at early times (0.67 < z < 3). Hosts satisfying these LMC and GSE constraints constitute <1% of all halos in the MW’s mass range, and their total masses grow rapidly at late times due to LMC analog accretion. Compared to hosts of a similar final halo mass that are not selected to include LMC and GSE analogs, Milky Way-est hosts contain 22% more subhalos with present-day virial masses above 108
M
⊙ throughout the virial radius, on average. This enhancement reaches ≈80% in the inner 100 kpc and is largely, if not entirely, due to LMC-associated subhalos. These systems also induce spatial anisotropy in Milky Way-est subhalo populations, with ≈60% of the total subhalo population within 100 kpc found in the current direction of the LMC. Meanwhile, we find that GSE-associated subhalos do not significantly contribute to present-day Milky Way-est subhalo populations. These results provide context for our Galaxy’s dark matter structure and subhalo population and will help interpret a range of measurements that are currently only possible in the MW.
Polar Orbits around the Newly Formed Earth–Moon Binary System
Authors: Lepp Stephen , Martin Rebecca G. , Baronett Stanley A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We examine the dynamics and stability of circumbinary particles orbiting around the Earth–Moon binary system. The moon formed close to the Earth (semimajor axis a
EM ≈ 3 R
⊕) and expanded through tides to its current day semimajor axis (a
EM = 60 R
⊕). Circumbinary orbits that are polar or highly inclined to the Earth–Moon orbit are subject to two competing effects: (i) nodal precession about the Earth–Moon eccentricity vector and (ii) Kozai–Lidov oscillations of eccentricity and inclination driven by the Sun. While we find that there are no stable polar orbits around the Earth–Moon orbit with the current day semimajor axis, polar orbits were stable immediately after the formation of the Moon, at the time when there was a lot of debris around the system, up to when the semimajor axis reached about a
EM ≈ 10 R
⊕. We discuss implications of polar orbits on the evolution of the Earth–Moon system and the possibility of polar orbiting moons around exoplanet–moon binaries.
Modeling the Magnetic Vectors of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections at Different Heliocentric Distances with INFROS
Authors: Sarkar Ranadeep , Srivastava Nandita , Gopalswamy Nat , Kilpua Emilia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The INterplanetary Flux ROpe Simulator (INFROS) is an observationally constrained analytical model dedicated to forecasting the strength of the southward component (Bz) of the magnetic field embedded in interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). In this work, we validate the model for six ICMEs sequentially observed by two radially aligned spacecraft positioned at different heliocentric distances. The six selected ICMEs in this study comprise cases associated with isolated coronal mass ejection (CME) evolution as well as those interacting with high-speed streams (HSSs) and high-density streams (HDSs). For the isolated CMEs, our results show that the model outputs at both spacecraft are in good agreement with in situ observations. However, for most of the interacting events, the model correctly captures the CME evolution only at the inner spacecraft. Due to the interaction with HSSs and HDSs, which in most cases occurred at heliocentric distances beyond the inner spacecraft, the ICME evolution no longer remains self-similar. Consequently, the model underestimates the field strength at the outer spacecraft. Our findings indicate that constraining the INFROS model with inner-spacecraft observations significantly enhances the prediction accuracy at the outer spacecraft for the three events undergoing self-similar expansion, achieving a 90% correlation between observed and predicted Bz profiles. This work also presents a quantitative estimation of the ICME magnetic field enhancement due to interaction which may lead to severe space weather. We conclude that the assumption of self-similar expansion provides a lower limit to the magnetic field strength estimated at any heliocentric distance, based on the remote-sensing observations.
Cloning and Functional Characterization of Novel Human Neutralizing Anti–IFN-α and Anti–IFN-β Antibodies
Authors: Papasavvas Emmanouil , Lu Lily , Fair Matthew , Oliva Isabela , Cassel Joel , Majumdar Sonali , Mounzer Karam , Kostman Jay R , Tebas Pablo , Bar-Or Amit , Muthumani Kar , Montaner Luis J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Type I IFNs play a pivotal role in immune response modulation, yet dysregulation is implicated in various disorders. Therefore, it is crucial to develop tools that facilitate the understanding of their mechanism of action and enable the development of more effective anti-IFN therapeutic strategies. In this study, we isolated, cloned, and characterized anti–IFN-α and anti–IFN-β Abs from PBMCs of individuals treated with IFN-α or IFN-β, harboring confirmed neutralizing Abs. Clones AH07856 and AH07857 were identified as neutralizing anti–IFN-α–specific with inhibition against IFN-α2a, -α2b, and -αK subtypes. Clones AH07859 and AH07866 were identified as neutralizing anti–IFN-β1a-specific signaling and able to block lipopolysaccharide or S100 calcium-binding protein A14-induced IFN-β signaling effects. Cloned Abs bind rhesus but not murine IFNs. The specificity of inhibition between IFN-α and IFN-β suggests potential for diverse research and clinical applications.
Genetic Susceptibility to Fungal Infections
Authors: Yazdi Mohammad , Behnaminia Nima , Nafari Amirhossein , Sepahvand Asghar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Reports of fungal infections have increased over the past decades, making them a major threat to human health. In this study, we review the effects of genetic defects on susceptibility to fungal diseases. To identify all relevant literature, we searched Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus and profiled studies published between 2008 and 2021. The results of several studies conducted on this subject have shown the significant effects of genetic variations such as hyper-IgE syndrome, Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy syndrome, dectin-1 deficiency, CARD9 mutations, STAT1 mutations, and IL17 mutationson the host immune system’s response, which has an important impact on susceptibility to fungal infections. The underlying immune system-related genetic profile affects the susceptibility of individuals to different fungal infections; therefore, this subject should be further studied for better treatment of fungal diseases.
Effects of Duloxetine on Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Quality of Life in Patients with the Moderate-to-Severe Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Sharbafchi Mohammad Reza , Afshar Zanjani Hamid , Saneian Zahra , Feizi Awat , Daghaghzadeh Hamed , Adibi Peyman 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disease. There are very few studies on the Duloxetine efficacy in improving the gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms, in IBS. The current study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of Duloxetine in symptoms and quality of life in moderate-to-severe IBS patients.

Materials and Methods:
This is a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial in which the population is composed of 37 patients with moderate-to-severe IBS in Isfahan from March 2018 to March 2019. For the intervention group, Duloxetine was administered for three months, and the treatment protocol was the same for the control group but using a placebo. The severity of IBS symptoms, quality of life, and negative emotions such as depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed.

Results:
Our data showed no significant difference between the two groups of the study for the severity of IBS symptoms (P value = 0.150); however, in the intervention group, it was significantly lower than controls after six, eight, and ten weeks of the intervention (P value = 0.023). Overall evaluation of the quality of life in patients indicated significantly higher quality of life in the Duloxetine group than the control group from the eighth week to the twelfth week after the intervention (P value <0.038). Anxiety and stress in the Duloxetine group were significantly lower than controls after the intervention (P value <0.05).

Conclusion:
Duloxetine is probably helpful for reducing anxiety, stress, and the severity of symptoms in IBS patients. It also could increase the quality of life in patients.
The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Courses in Improving the Emergency Medicine Residents and Interns’ Ability to Regulate their Emotions in Threatening or Stressful Events
Authors: Forghani Mohsen , Omid Athar , Zamani Majid , Azizkhani Reza , Nasri Neda 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Given that the duties of an emergency medicine (EM) specialist are much more complicated than the other health care professionals, inexperience, weakness or inability to make appropriate decisions, and lack of control over their emotions and stress can lead to medical errors. This study aimed at determining the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) of emotion regulation on the EM assistants’ and interns’ level of satisfaction and cognitive control of anger and stress.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, 25 EM residents and interns were trained in the virtual CBT course while 19 ones were not given any training in the control group and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) were filled before and after the training intervention.

Results:
After the training intervention, the dimensions of catastrophizing and other blame in the experimental group with the means of 3.84 ± 1.40 and 3.16 ± 0.94 respectively were significantly lower than these dimensions in the control group with the means of 5.68 ± 1.76 and 4.73 ± 1.15, respectively (P value < 0.05). Moreover, the refocus on planning in the experimental group with the means of 8.40 ± 1.53 was significantly higher than in the control group with the means of 7.00 ± 2.05 (P value < 0.05).

Conclusion:
CBT method used in this study may be effective in controlling the emotions of EM interns and residents. CBT may help them to regulate anger and stress and have the ability to control their emotions during or after the experience of threatening or stressful events.
A Homozygous Nonsense Variant in UVSSA Causes UV-sensitive Syndrome from Very Large Kindred: The First Report from Iran
Authors: Ahmadi Shadmehri Azam , Akbarian Fahimeh , Rahimi Azadeh , Pourreza Mohammad Reza , Tabatabaiefar Mohammad Amin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Recessive disruptive mutations in nucleotide excision repair genes are responsible for a wide range of cutaneous photosensitivity and, in some cases, are associated with multi-system involvement. The heterogeneous nature of these conditions makes next-generation sequencing the method of choice to detect disease-causing variants.

Materials and Methods:
A patient from a large multiplex inbred Iranian kindred with several individuals suffering from skin sun-sensitive manifestations underwent complete clinical and molecular evaluations. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the genomic sample of the proband, followed by bioinformatics analysis. Subsequently, co-segregation of the candidate variant with the condition was performed by Sanger sequencing.

Results:
A rare homozygous nonsense variant, c.1040G>A (p. Trp347*), was identified in the UVSSA gene, resulting in UV-sensitive syndrome (UVSS) complementation group A. The global minor allele frequency of the variant is < 0.001 in population databases. Tryptophan 347 residue is conserved among mammalians and vertebrates, and the null variant is believed to lead to a truncated protein with cellular mislocalization.

Conclusions:
Here, we report the first genetic diagnosis of UVSS-A in Iran via the successful application of Next-generation sequencing, which expands our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this condition.
The Assessment of Neonatal Anthropometric Indices Association with Umbilical Cord Blood Zinc and Magnesium Levels
Authors: Amini Niloufar , Mousavi Shima , Vard Bahareh , Daniali Seyede Shahrbanoo , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
The present research aims to find the association between neonatal anthropometric parameters and zinc and magnesium concentration in cord blood.

Materials and Methods:
The current cross-sectional report is a sub-study from the “PERSIAN Birth Cohort Study” conducted on 112 pairs of mother-neonate referring to the index hospitals for giving birth to their children during 2018–19. Umbilical cord blood was collected at delivery for the measurement of zinc and magnesium. Anthropometric indices were measured in standard protocols. Validated questionnaires were used for maternal diet in different trimesters. Dietary patterns were acquired based on exploratory factor analysis.

Results:
The birth weight was reversely correlated with zinc concentration (r = -0.249, P-value = 0.008); however, the other anthropometric parameters did not show any association with zinc levels (P-value > 0.05). Similar evaluations for magnesium revealed no association between any of the anthropometric indices and this micronutrient agent (P-value > 0.05). Further evaluations represented insignificant differences in both zinc (P-value = 0.51) and magnesium levels (P-value = 0.49) between those with normal versus low birth weight. There was a negative association between the Western dietary pattern in the first trimester of pregnancy and cord blood zinc concentration (β (SE) = -0.21 (0.10); P = 0.026); while healthy and traditional dietary patterns in second and third trimesters were positively related to cord zinc concentration (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
This research did not document a positive statistical association of cord blood zinc and magnesium with birth weight. The association of maternal Western dietary patterns with lower cord blood zinc levels highlights the importance of healthy nutritional habits in pregnancy.
Gingival Depigmentation by 810 nm Diode Laser and Cryosurgery Using 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane: A Clinical Study
Authors: Mandal Aritra , Manohar Balaji , Shetty Neema , Mathur Aditi , Makhijani Barkha , Modak Jayaditya 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Pigmented gingival tissue is a common complaint of patients as unaesthetic. There is a dearth of literature comparing the efficacy of depigmentation by cryosurgery using a biocompatible material 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethylene gas and diode laser, which are relatively newer techniques. The study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of two different modalities of gingival depigmentation – 810 nm diode laser and cryosurgery using 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane in managing gingival melanin pigmentation.

Materials and Methods:
A randomised controlled split-mouth trial was conducted on 15 participants. Depigmentation was done using an 810 nm diode laser and a cryosurgery technique using 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. Re-evaluation was performed at the 1st, 3rd and 6th months postoperatively. Dummett’s Oral Pigmentation Index (DOPI), Hedin’s Melanin Index (HMI), the Visual Analogue Scale for pain and Photometric analysis (RGB scale) were recorded and analysed.

Results:
DOPI and HMI in the subjects treated by laser and cryosurgery showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) from baseline to 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Intergroup comparison of RGB scores between the laser and cryosurgery depicted no significant difference at baseline (P = 0.06).

Conclusions:
Cryosurgery using 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethylene and laser ablation using an 810 nm diode laser technique was found to be equally effective for treating gingival pigmentation.
Bipolar Disorder Secondary to Arnold–Chiari Malformation: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Raj Rajnish , Khanam Aaliya , Wani Zaid Ahmad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A handful of case reports suggesting Arnold–Chiari malformation (ACM) comorbid with psychiatric diagnoses have been reported in the literature, but the association with bipolar disorder is rare. Here, we report a case of the first episode of mania secondary to Chiari malformation. A 16-year-old female presents with irritability, headache, decreased sleep, increased talking, weeping episodes, and verbal and physical aggression for 15 days. Symptoms gradually increased with dizziness, headache, epistaxis, and generalized decreased superficial sensation to pain. She was managed as an inpatient in the psychiatric setting as a case of first episode mania on valproate, olanzapine, and lorazepam, which were further escalated a few days later. A brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed, which revealed ACM Type 1. Further, mood stabilizers and antipsychotics were titrated, and symptoms improved. Our case report highlights the importance of considering neurologic causes manifesting as psychiatric symptoms.