bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Leaf Spot in Farfugium japonicum Caused by Alternaria tenuissima in Korea
Authors: Lee J. H. , Kim D. S. , Cho H. J. , Gang G.-H. , Kwak Y.-S. 
Published: May 2013

Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam (common name: Leopard plant) is known as a medical herb and belongs to family Asteraceae (1). In June 2012, a leaf spot disease was observed on the leaf surface of F. japonicum at a forest research plot Jinju, Gyeongnam province, Korea. More than 95% of F. japonicum plants were infected and leaf spot symptom appeared in the regions under our investigation. Light brownish symptoms initially developed and the spot size gradually increased and turned dark brown with an irregular shape as the disease progressed (spot size 1 to 10 mm in diameter). At the late stage of disease, spots became hollow and completely dehydrated. The infected leaves were easily crumbled, possibly due to dryness. To isolate the causal agent, the infected leaves were surface disinfected and pieces of leaves were placed on water agar (WA). Nine isolates were isolated from 10 pieces of the infected leaves. Fungi mycelia from the WA were transferred on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28°C for 7 days. The colonies were purple navy to black and conidia spores developed on the media. The morphological characteristics of spores were multi-septate, dark brown, pyriform, and 6.7 to 12.8 × 22.2 to 38.4 μm. The spores had 1 to 4 transverse and 0 to 3 longitudinal septa. The morphological characteristics of the isolates showed considerably similar to well-known Alternaria tenuissima (2). The leaf spot disease caused by A. cinerariae of F. japonicum was reported from Japan (3). Spores of A. cinerariae are golden brown to brown with 3 to 9 transverse and 0 to 6 longitudinal septa and are 87.5 × 28.7 μm (avg.) (3). To verify pathogenicity of the isolate, the pure cultured fungi on the PDA medium was taken (4 mm in diameter) and placed on healthy leaves of Leopard plant. The artificially inoculated leaves were placed on wet filter paper in Petri dishes and incubated at 25°C and 80% humidity. At 7 days after inoculation, similar disease symptoms developed on 8 out of 10 infected Leopard plant leaves. The pathogen was reisolated from artificially infected leaves. To identify in molecular biology level, genomic DNA was extracted and the ITS-rDNA region was amplified using universal primers ITS1 and ITS4. The amplified PCR product was purified and sequenced (528 bp) with ITS1 and ITS4 primers for both directions and then deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KC415611.1). The BLAST search showed that it matched previously reported A. tenuissima with 100% identity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Leopard plant leaf spot disease in Korea. References: (1) E. Y. Kim et al. J. Ethnopharmacol. 146:40, 2013. (2) E. G. Simmons. Page 1 in: Alternaria Biology, Plant Diseases and Metabolites. J. Chelchowski and A. Visconti, eds. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1992. (3) T. Sakoda et al. Res. Bull. Pl. Prot. Japan 46:73, 2010.
Disruption of Frontal–Parietal Communication by Ketamine, Propofol, and Sevoflurane
Authors: Lee UnCheol , Ku SeungWoo , Noh GyuJeong , Baek SeungHye , Choi ByungMoon , Mashour George A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Introduction:
Directional connectivity from anterior to posterior brain regions (or “feedback” connectivity) has been shown to be inhibited by propofol and sevoflurane. In this study the authors tested the hypothesis that ketamine would also inhibit cortical feedback connectivity in frontoparietal networks.

Methods:
Surgical patients (n = 30) were recruited for induction of anesthesia with intravenous ketamine (2 mg/kg); electroencephalography of the frontal and parietal regions was acquired. The authors used normalized symbolic transfer entropy, a computational method based on information theory, to measure directional connectivity across frontal and parietal regions. Statistical analysis of transfer entropy measures was performed with the permutation test and the time-shift test to exclude false-positive connectivity. For comparison, the authors used normalized symbolic transfer entropy to reanalyze electroencephalographic data gathered from surgical patients receiving either propofol (n = 9) or sevoflurane (n = 9) for anesthetic induction.

Results:
Ketamine reduced alpha power and increased gamma power, in contrast to both propofol and sevoflurane. During administration of ketamine, feedback connectivity gradually diminished and was significantly inhibited after loss of consciousness (mean ± SD of baseline and anesthesia: 0.0074 ± 0.003 and 0.0055 ± 0.0027; F(5, 179) = 7.785, P < 0.0001). By contrast, feedforward connectivity was preserved during exposure to ketamine (mean ± SD of baseline and anesthesia: 0.0041 ± 0.0015 and 0.0046 ± 0.0018; F(5, 179) = 2.07; P = 0.072). Like ketamine, propofol and sevoflurane selectively inhibited feedback connectivity after anesthetic induction.

Conclusions:
Diverse anesthetics disrupt frontal–parietal communication, despite molecular and neurophysiologic differences. Analysis of directional connectivity in frontal–parietal networks could provide a common metric of general anesthesia and insight into the cognitive neuroscience of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness.
The Arabidopsis RING E3 Ubiquitin Ligase AtAIRP3/LOG2 Participates in Positive Regulation of High-Salt and Drought Stress Responses
Authors: Kim Jong Hum , Kim Woo Taek 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Really Interesting New Gene (RING) E3 ubiquitin ligases have been implicated in cellular responses to the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) as well as to environmental stresses in higher plants. Here, an ABA-insensitive RING protein3 (atairp3) loss-of-function mutant line in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was isolated due to its hyposensitivity to ABA during its germination stage as compared with wild-type plants. AtAIRP3 contains a single C3HC4-type RING motif, a putative myristoylation site, and a domain associated with RING2 (DAR2) domain. Unexpectedly, AtAIRP3 was identified as LOSS OF GDU2 (LOG2), which was recently shown to participate in an amino acid export system via interaction with GLUTAMINE DUMPER1. Thus, AtAIRP3 was renamed as AtAIRP3/LOG2. Transcript levels of AtAIRP3/LOG2 were up-regulated by drought, high salinity, and ABA, suggesting a role for this factor in abiotic stress responses. The atairp3/log2-2 knockout mutant and 35S:AtAIRP3-RNAi knockdown transgenic plants displayed impaired ABA-mediated seed germination and stomata closure. Cosuppression and complementation studies further supported a positive role for AtAIRP3/LOG2 in ABA responses. Suppression of AtAIRP3/LOG2 resulted in marked hypersensitive phenotypes toward high salinity and water deficit relative to wild-type plants. These results suggest that Arabidopsis RING E3 AtAIRP3/LOG2 is a positive regulator of the ABA-mediated drought and salt stress tolerance mechanism. Using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid, in vitro, and in vivo immunoprecipitation, cell-free protein degradation, and in vitro ubiquitination assays, RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION21 was identified as a substrate protein of AtAIRP3/LOG2. Collectively, our data suggest that AtAIRP3/LOG2 plays dual functions in ABA-mediated drought stress responses and in an amino acid export pathway in Arabidopsis.
MicroRNA Superfamilies Descended from miR390 and Their Roles in Secondary Small Interfering RNA Biogenesis in Eudicots
Authors: Xia Rui , Meyers Blake C. , Liu Zhongchi , Beers Eric P. , Ye Songqing , Liu Zongrang 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Trans-acting small interfering RNAs (tasiRNAs) are a major class of small RNAs performing essential biological functions in plants. The first reported tasiRNA pathway, that of miR173-TAS1/2, produces tasiRNAs regulating a set of pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) genes and has been characterized only in Arabidopsis thaliana to date. Here, we demonstrate that the microRNA (miRNA)-trans-acting small interfering RNA gene (TAS)-pentatricopeptide repeat-containing gene (PPR)-small interfering RNA pathway is a highly dynamic and widespread feature of eudicots. Nine eudicot plants, representing six different plant families, have evolved similar tasiRNA pathways to initiate phased small interfering RNA (phasiRNA) production from PPR genes. The PPR phasiRNA production is triggered by different 22-nucleotide miRNAs, including miR7122, miR1509, and fve-PPRtri1/2, and through distinct mechanistic strategies exploiting miRNA direct targeting or indirect targeting through TAS-like genes (TASL), one-hit or two-hit, or even two layers of tasiRNA–TASL interactions. Intriguingly, although those miRNA triggers display high sequence divergence caused by the occurrence of frequent point mutations and splicing shifts, their corresponding MIRNA genes show pronounced identity to the Arabidopsis MIR173, implying a common origin of this group of miRNAs (super-miR7122). Further analyses reveal that super-miR7122 may have evolved from a newly defined miR4376 superfamily, which probably originated from the widely conserved miR390. The elucidation of this evolutionary path expands our understanding of the course of miRNA evolution, especially for relatively conserved miRNA families.
Study on two unrecorded genera, Barycnemis Förster and Phradis Förster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tersilochinae), from South Korea
Authors: Balueva Ekaterina N. , Kim Ki‐Beom , Khalaim Andrey I. , Lee Jong‐Wook 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSix genera of the subfamily Tersilochinae (Barycnemis, Diaparsis, Gelanes, Phradis, Probles and Tersilochus) are recognized in South Korea. Two genera, Diaparsis and Tersilochus, were previously recognized from South Korea, whereas the other four genera are recorded from this country for the first time. All genera found in South Korea, except the almost cosmopolitan Diaparsis, are entirely or predominantly Holarctic. A key to the six genera of Tersilochine occurring in South Korea is provided. Two genera of Korean Tersilochinae (Barycnemis and Phradis) are reviewed here, and a key to the other four species (B. bellator, B. dissimilis, P. kyushuensis and P. nikishenae) is provided in this paper.
Concentration and Exposure Assessment of Mercury in Commercial Fish and Other Seafood Marketed in Oman
Authors: Al‐Mughairi Sabra , Yesudhason Poulose , Al‐Busaidi Moza , Al‐Waili Aaliah , Al‐Rahbi Waleed A. K. , Al‐Mazrooei Nashwa , Al‐Habsi Saoud H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe results of this study present analytical data of the mercury levels in several fish and shellfish species to create awareness among individuals of the risks associated with consuming fish contaminated with mercury. Mercury concentrations varied from a mean of 0.02 mg/kg in Indian mackerel to 0.19 mg/kg in shark in both fresh and frozen fish, from 0.02 mg/kg in sardines to 0.18 mg/kg in skipjack tuna in canned fish, and from 0.02 mg/kg in Indian mackerel to 0.79 mg/kg in shark in dried fish. Shellfish contained a slightly higher amount of mercury than fresh or frozen fish with a mean of 0.09 mg/kg. Trophic position, followed by habitat, was the most important factors for variability in mercury concentrations in fish and shellfish. The maximum safe weekly intake (MSWI) values of mercury were significantly higher for herbivores than for carnivores. The MSWI value for total mercury in the case of consuming most (72%) fish species was more than 5 kg; however, the MSWI value was never more than 5 kg in most (66%) shellfish species. Risks were identified upon consumption of 120 g of dried shark when exceeding the provisional tolerable weekly intake threshold (1.6 μg/kg) for methylmercury. Therefore, fish‐eating populations should reduce the quantity of dried shark to efficiently diminish the exposure to mercury.
Efficacy of Integrated Treatment of UV light and Low‐Dose Gamma Irradiation on Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica on Grape Tomatoes
Authors: Mukhopadhyay S. , Ukuku D. , Fan X. , Juneja V. K. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe study evaluated the efficacy of integrated ultraviolet‐C light (UVC) and low‐dose gamma irradiation treatments to inactivate mixed strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica on inoculated whole grape tomatoes. A mixed bacterial cocktail composed of a 3 strain mixture of E. coli O157:H7 (C9490, E02128, and F00475) and a 3 serotype mixture of S. enterica (S. Montevideo G4639, S. Newport H1275, and S. Stanley H0558) was used based on their association with produce‐related outbreaks. Spot inoculation (50 to 100 μmL) on tomato surfaces was performed to achieve a population of appropriately 107–8 CFU/tomato. Inoculated tomatoes were subjected to UVC (253.7 nm) dose of 0.6 kJ/m2 followed by 4 different low doses of gamma irradiations (0.1 kGy, 0.25 kGy, 0.5 kGy, 0.75 kGy). The fate of background microflora (mesophilic aerobic) including mold and yeast counts were also determined during storage at 5 °C over 21 d. Integrated treatment significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the population of target pathogens. Results indicate about 3.4 ± 0.3 and 3.0 ± 0.1 log CFU reduction of E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica, respectively, per tomato with UVC (0.6 kJ/m2) and 0.25 kGy irradiation. More than a 4 log and higher reduction (>5 log) per fruit was accomplished by combined UVC treatment with 0.5 kGy and 0.75 kGy irradiation, respectively, for all tested pathogens. Furthermore, the combined treatment significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the native microflora compared to the control during storage. The data suggest efficacious treatment strategy for produce indicating 5 or higher log reduction which is consistent with the recommendations of the Natl. Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods.
The genomic landscape of retinoblastoma: a review
Authors: Thériault Brigitte L , Dimaras Helen , Gallie Brenda L , Corson Timothy W 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRetinoblastoma is a paediatric ocular tumour that continues to reveal much about the genetic basis of cancer development. Study of genomic aberrations in retinoblastoma tumours has exposed important mechanisms of cancer development and identified oncogenes and tumour suppressors that offer potential points of therapeutic intervention. The recent development of next‐generation genomic technologies has allowed further refinement of the genomic landscape of retinoblastoma at high resolution. In a relatively short period of time, a wealth of genetic and epigenetic data has emerged on a small number of tumour samples. These data highlight the inherent molecular complexity of this cancer despite the fact that most retinoblastomas are initiated by the inactivation of a single tumour suppressor gene. This review outlines the current understanding of the genomic, genetic and epigenetic changes in retinoblastoma, highlighting recent genome‐wide analyses that have identified exciting candidate genes worthy of further validation as potential prognostic and therapeutic targets.
La productivité naturelle et la réglementation comme déterminants de la valeur du foncier ostréicole : Un modèle de prix hédoniques spatial appliqué au Bassin d’Arcachon
Authors: Lesur‐Irichabeau Gabrielle 
Published: May 2013

Afin de montrer l'importance de la réglementation et de la productivité naturelle dans la valorisation des surfaces de production ostréicoles, nous avons estimé une fonction de prix hédonique des concessions ostréicoles arcachonnaises. Les « terres ostréicoles » ont comme particularité d'être des concessions du Domaine Public Maritime et sont à ce titre soumises à son régime protecteur. Néanmoins, loin d'entraver l'activité ostréicole par les contraintes qu'elle impose, la réglementation se révèle être une garante du maintien d'un niveau satisfaisant de productivité naturelle des concessions pour permettre une reproduction et une croissance des huîtres dans des conditions favorables. Ainsi, les résultats de la modélisation montrent que plus de la moitié du prix d'échange des concessions est déterminé par les conditions réglementaires régissant leur utilisation. Ils soulignent également que les conditions du milieu ne sont pas identiques sur l'ensemble du Bassin d'Arcachon justifiant une réglementation adaptée aux différences de productivité naturelle.
CD4+ T cells producing interleukin (IL)‐17, IL‐22 and interferon‐γ are major effector T cells in nickel allergy
Authors: Dyring‐Andersen Beatrice , Skov Lone , Løvendorf Marianne B. , Bzorek Michael , Søndergaard Knud , Lauritsen Jens‐Peter H. , Dabelsteen Sally , Geisler Carsten , Menné Bonefeld Charlotte 
Published: May 2013

SummaryBackground It has been suggested that interleukin (IL)‐17 and IL‐22 play important roles in the elicitation of human allergic contact dermatitis; however, the frequencies of T cell subtypes producing IL‐17 and IL‐22 in human allergic contact dermatitis are unknown.Objectives To determine the frequencies of CD4+, CD8+ and γδ T cells producing IL‐17, IL‐22 and interferon (IFN)‐γ in the blood and skin from nickel‐allergic patients.Patients/materials/methods Blood samples were collected from 14 patients and 17 controls, and analysed by flow cytometry. Biopsies were taken from 5 patients and 6 controls, and analysed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry of skin lymphocytes.Results We found an increased frequency of γδ T cells in the blood, but no differences in the distribution of cytokine‐producing CLA+ T cell subtypes in nickel‐allergic patients as compared with controls. In nickel‐allergic patients, there was massive cellular infiltration dominated by CD4+ T cells producing IL‐17, IL‐22 and IFN‐γ in nickel‐challenged skin but not in vehicle‐challenged skin.Conclusion CD4+ T cells producing IL‐17, IL‐22 and IFN‐γ are important effector cells in the eczematous reactions of nickel‐induced allergic contact dermatitis in humans.
Nickel allergy from adolescence to adulthood in the TOACS cohort
Authors: Mortz Charlotte G. , Bindslev‐Jensen Carsten , Andersen Klaus E. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryBackground In 1995, we established a cohort of 1501 unselected eighth‐grade schoolchildren to investigate the course of nickel allergy into adult life.Objectives To follow the course of nickel allergy and clinically relevant nickel dermatitis over 15 years from adolescence to adulthood, and the effect of ear piercing, atopic dermatitis and degree of nickel patch test reactivity.Methods One thousand two hundred and six young adults from the cohort were asked to complete a questionnaire and participate in a clinical examination including patch testing with TRUE Test® including a nickel dilution series.Results The questionnaire was answered by 899 (74.6%), and 442 (36.7%) had patch tests performed. The point prevalence of nickel allergy was 11.8% (clinical relevance 80.8%). The 15‐year incidence rate was 6.7%. Most new sensitizations were clinically relevant with strong reactions, and many participants reacted to low concentrations. Only a few positive reactions were lost. Nickel allergy was more common among women with childhood atopic dermatitis, whereas no association with ear piercing was found. However, there was a significantly higher prevalence of nickel allergy among women ear pierced before implementation of the nickel regulation in Denmark.Conclusion This follow‐up study in young adults 15 years after leaving primary school showed a high prevalence and a high incidence rate of nickel allergy, despite the nickel regulation. Most reactions from childhood could be reproduced and were clinically relevant. In women, childhood atopic dermatitis was associated with nickel allergy in adulthood, whereas only ear piercing before the Danish nickel regulation was associated with adult nickel allergy.
A synthetic formulation, Dhanwantharam kashaya, delays senescence in stem cells
Authors: Warrier S. R. , Haridas N. , Balasubramanian S. , Jalisatgi A. , Bhonde R. , Dharmarajan A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivesMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from post‐natal tissues offer a suitable source of MSCs for cellular therapy. Limitation of the use of MSCs for therapeutic purposes is attributed to the onset of senescence and slowing down of proliferation upon repeated passaging. Dhanwantram kashaya (DK), a synthetic herbal formulation, is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine as a growth stimulant in children and for nerve regeneration. In this study, we evaluated the effects of DK on the proliferation, viability and senescence of human Wharton jelly MSCs (WJMSCs) in vitro.ResultsUsing the MTT proliferation assay and live/dead trypan blue analysis, we found that DK increased proliferation of WJMSCS up to three folds when supplemented in the culture media. The BrdU cell proliferation assay showed a substantial increase in WJMSCs treated with DK. Notably, the β‐galactosidase senescence assay revealed that drug treated WJMSCs at late passage still had intact and viable WJMSCs whereas the untreated cells exhibited profound senescence.ConclusionThese studies indicate that DK enhances the quality of WJMSCs by not only increasing the proliferation rate and decreasing their turnover time but also by delaying senescence. We have, thus, identified for the first time that a traditional Ayurvedic formulation, Dhanwantram kashaya, used as a growth enhancer, is able to improve the yield and quality of stem cells in vitro and could be an effective non‐toxic supplement for culturing WJMSCs for clinical applications.
PMA withdrawal in PMA‐treated monocytic THP‐1 cells and subsequent retinoic acid stimulation, modulate induction of apoptosis and appearance of dendritic cells
Authors: Spano A. , Barni S. , Sciola L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in THP‐1 cells after stimulation with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) and retinoic acid (RA).Materials and methodsPMA and RA were used in a three‐step‐procedure: (i) treatment with 6, 30, 60 nm PMA, that induced initial, intermediate and advanced levels of monocyte‐macrophage transition, respectively; (ii) recovery in PMA‐free medium; (iii) incubation with 4 μm RA. Cultures were characterized cytokinetically (flow cytometry/bromodeoxyuridine uptake) and immunocytochemically (static cytometry) for expression of CD14, CD11b (monocyte‐macrophage) and DC‐SIGN (dendritic cell: DCs) markers.ResultsSome treatments determined appearance of monocyte/macrophage, dendritic and apoptotic phenotypes, percentages of which were related to PMA dose used in step 1, and dependent on presence/absence of PMA and RA. PMA withdrawal induced dedifferentiation and partial restoration of proliferative activity, specially in 6 and 30 nm PMA‐derived cells. Recovery in the presence of serum (fundamental to DC appearance) indicated that depending on differentiation level, cell proliferation and apoptosis were inversely correlated. Treatment with 30 nm PMA induced intermediate levels of monocytic‐macrophagic differentiation, with expression of alternative means of differentiation and acquisition of DCs without using cytokines, after PMA withdrawal and RA stimulation.ConclusionsOur experimental conditions favoured differentiation, dedifferentiation and transdifferentiational pathways, in monocytic THP‐1 cells, the balance of which could be related to both cell proliferation and cell death.