bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of postoperative pulmonary complications and intraoperative safety in thoracoscopic surgery under non-intubated versus intubated anesthesia: a randomized, controlled, double-blind non-inferiority trial
Authors: Wang Lingfei , Wang Dan , Zhang Yanmei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Traditional anesthesia for video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) such as double-lumen tracheal intubation (DLT) and one-lung ventilation (OLV), may lead to post-operative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Non-intubation VATS (NIVATS) is an anesthetic technique that avoided DLT and OLV, maybe avoiding the PPCs. So we hypothesized that NIVATS would non-inferiority to intubation VATS (IVATS) in the risk of developing PPCs and some safety indicators.

Methods
This study is a randomised, controlled, double-blind, non-inferiority trial, 120 patients were randomly assigned to the NIVATS group and IVATS group according to 1:1. The primary outcome was the incidence of PPCs with a pre-defined non-inferiority margin of 10%. The second outcome was the safety indicators, including the incidence of cough/body movement, hypoxemia, malignant arrhythmia, regurgitation and aspiration, and transferring to endobronchial intubation intraoperatively (The malignant arrhythmia was defined as an arrhythmia that caused hemodynamic disturbances in a short period of time, resulting in persistent hypotension or even cardiac arrest in the patient).

Results
There was no significant difference in demographic indicators such as gender and age between the two groups. The incidence of PPCs in the NIVATS group was non-inferior to that in the IVATS group (1.67% vs. 3.33%, absolute difference: − 1.67%; 95%CI − 7.25 to 3.91). In additionan, no significant differences were found between the two groups for the incidence of cough/body movement (10.00% vs. 11.67%, p = 0.77), the incidence of hypoxemia (25% vs. 18.33%, p = 0.38), the incidence of malignant arrhythmia (1.67% vs. 6.67%, p = 0.36), the incidence of regurgitation and aspiration (0% vs. 0%, p > 0.999) and the incidence of transferring to endobronchial intubation intraoperatively (0% vs. 0%, p > 0.999).

Conclusion
We conclude that when using the non-intubation anesthesia for VATS, the incidence of PPCs was not inferior to intubation anesthesia. Furthermore, NIVATS had little effect on perioperative safety.
Teachers’ goal communication in Nordic mathematics classrooms
Authors: Selling Alexander J. V. , Klette Kirsti , Nortvedt Guri A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClear learning goals are an integral part of instructional clarity and seen as a factor influencing students’ motivation and learning processes. However, goal communication and the types of goals teachers set are rarely addressed in classroom studies. To further the understanding of these aspects, the purpose of this study was to investigate communicated learning goals in 146 videotaped lessons across 48 Nordic lower-secondary mathematics classrooms. A two-step analysis focusing goal clarity and types of communicated goals was applied to the data. Analyses indicated that the goals were often implicit and vague, and mostly focused on content and procedural skills, rather than on mathematical competencies and applications of mathematics. We conclude that the focus on content and procedures, coupled with implicit learning goals, could obscure the purpose of a lesson.
“Management of andrological disorders from childhood and adolescence to transition age: guidelines from the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) in collaboration with the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP)—Part-1”
Authors: Bonomi M. , Cangiano B. , Cianfarani S. , Garolla A. , Gianfrilli D. , Lanfranco F. , Rastrelli G. , Sbardella E. , Corona G. , Isidori A. M. , Rochira V. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Andrological pathologies in the adulthood are often the results of conditions that originate during childhood and adolescence and sometimes even during gestation and neonatal period. Unfortunately, the reports in the literature concerning pediatric andrological diseases are scares and mainly concerning single issues. Furthermore, no shared position statement are so far available.

Methods
The Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) commissioned an expert task force involving the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP) to provide an updated guideline on the diagnosis and management of andrological disorders from childhood and adolescence to transition age. Derived recommendations were based on the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) system.

Results
A literature search of articles in English for the term “varicoceles”, “gynecomastia”, “fertility preservation”, “macroorchidism”, “precocious puberty” and “pubertal delay” has been performed. Three major aspects for each considered disorder were assessed including diagnosis, clinical management, and treatment. Recommendations and suggestions have been provided for each of the mentioned andrological disorders.

Conclusions
These are the first guidelines based on a multidisciplinary approach that involves important societies related to the field of andrological medicine from pediatric to transition and adult ages. This fruitful discussion allowed for a general agreement on several recommendations and suggestions to be reached, which can support all stakeholders in improving andrological and general health of the transitional age.
Retailers’ social impact perspective–discrepancies between theory and practice
Authors: Stefańska Magdalena , Olejnik Iwona 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the issue of social impact and its associated measurement methodologies has attracted considerable scholarly attention. This paper makes a contribution to the ongoing debate surrounding the dissonance between the theoretical conceptualization of social impact and the practical understanding of it held by business managers and consumers. To elucidate the discrepancies between theory and practice, as well as among the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of stakeholders targeted by social impact initiatives, a qualitative research approach was employed. This paper has two main objectives. The first is to elucidate the concept of social impact within the framework of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The second is to examine the understanding of social impact as depicted in CSR reports of retailers and its reception by consumers, particularly in the context of social activities undertaken by retail chains. The findings highlight significant discrepancies in the perception of social impact. Among enterprises, social impact is often associated with engagement in various activities. However, the resulting outcomes of these endeavors are frequently not quantified. Despite this absence of empirical data, managers often draw inferences regarding the presence of such impact. Conversely, consumers predominantly interpret social impact through changes in their purchasing behavior, prioritizing this aspect over heightened product knowledge, brand perception or corporate image enhancement.
Segmentation-aware relational graph convolutional network with multi-layer CRF for nested named entity recognition
Authors: Han Daojun , Wang Zemin , Li Yunsong , ma Xiangbo , Zhang Juntao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNamed Entity Recognition (NER) is fundamental in natural language processing, involving identifying entity spans and types within a sentence. Nested NER contains other entities, which pose a significant challenge, especially pronounced in the domain of medical-named entities due to intricate nesting patterns inherent in medical terminology. Existing studies can not capture interdependencies among different entity categories, resulting in inadequate performance in nested NER tasks. To address this problem, we propose a novel Layer-based architecture with Segmentation-aware Relational Graph Convolutional Network (LSRGCN) for Nested NER in the medical domain. LSRGCN comprises two key modules: a shared segmentation-aware encoder and a multi-layer conditional random field decoder. The former part provides token representation including boundary information from sentence segmentation. The latter part can learn the connections between different entity classes and improve recognition accuracy through secondary decoding. We conduct experiments on four datasets. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our model. Additionally, extensive studies are conducted to enhance our understanding of the model and its capabilities.
Generalized spatial–temporal regression graph convolutional transformer for traffic forecasting
Authors: Xiong Lang , Su Liyun , Zeng Shiyi , Li Xiangjing , Wang Tong , Zhao Feng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSpatial–temporal data is widely available in intelligent transportation systems, and accurately solving non-stationary of spatial–temporal regression is critical. In most traffic flow prediction research, the non-stationary solution of deep spatial–temporal regression tasks is typically formulated as a spatial–temporal graph modeling problem. However, there are several issues: (1) the coupled spatial–temporal regression approach renders it unfeasible to accurately learn the dependencies of diverse modalities; (2) the intricate stacking design of deep spatial–temporal network modules limits the interpretation and migration capability; (3) the ability to model dynamic spatial–temporal relationships is inadequate. To tackle the challenges mentioned above, we propose a novel unified spatial–temporal regression framework named Generalized Spatial–Temporal Regression Graph Convolutional Transformer (GSTRGCT) that extends panel model in spatial econometrics and combines it with deep neural networks to effectively model non-stationary relationships of spatial–temporal regression. Considering the coupling of existing deep spatial–temporal networks, we introduce the tensor decomposition to explicitly decompose the panel model into a tensor product of spatial regression on the spatial hyper-plane and temporal regression on the temporal hyper-plane. On the spatial hyper-plane, we present dynamic adaptive spatial weight network (DASWNN) to capture the global and local spatial correlations. Specifically, DASWNN adopts spatial weight neural network (SWNN) to learn the semantic global spatial correlation and dynamically adjusts the local changing spatial correlation by multiplying between spatial nodes embedding. On the temporal hyper-plane, we introduce the Auto-Correlation attention mechanism to capture the period-based temporal dependence. Extensive experiments on the two real-world traffic datasets show that GSTRGCT consistently outperforms other competitive methods with an average of 62% and 59% on predictive performance.
Towards the 3D printing of innovative hydrogel scaffolds through vat polymerization techniques using methacrylated carboxymethylcellulose aqueous formulations
Authors: Soullard Lénaïc , Schlepp Angélique , Buret Raphaël , Lancelon-Pin Christine , Nonglaton Guillaume , Texier Isabelle , Jean Bruno , Rolere Sébastien 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTwo vat polymerization techniques were evaluated to print innovative hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering, from aqueous photo-crosslinkable formulations based on methacrylated carboxymethylcellulose (mCMC). A first formulation containing 2 wt% mCMC with a methacrylation degree (DM) of 34% and lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) as photoinitiator was specifically developed for digital light processing (DLP). Considering their viscoelastic properties measured by shear rheology, the DLP-printed hydrogels were proposed for soft-tissue repair. Interestingly, the swelling ratio and shape of the printed hydrogels were found to be preserved when immersed in a physiological environment. While DLP-printed hydrogels demonstrated impressive X- and Y-resolutions (85 µm), they were limited in producing hollow objects in the Z-direction. To address this limitation, the 3D printing of complex mCMC hydrogels through two-photon polymerization (TPP) was investigated for the first time, using a second formulation composed of 4 wt% mCMC (DM = 50%). 3D scaffolds with cavities of 30 µm were successfully printed with a resolution of 10 µm, paving the way for the design of scaffolds with controlled and precise structures, for soft-tissue engineering.
Graphical abstract
Correlating outgassing and smoke phenomenon in electron beam powder bed fusion of Ti6Al4V using a residual gas analyzer
Authors: Ye Jihui , Chen Tiejue , Körner Carolin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB) is an additive manufacturing technique that fabricates customized components using an electron beam in a controlled vacuum environment. Maintaining high vacuum quality is crucial to prevent feedstock contamination. However, the inherent nature of the PBF-EB process introduces a gas load into the system, potentially affecting process stability and product quality. This study utilizes a residual gas analyzer to investigate experimentally outgassing associated with various process activities, including electron beam radiation, rake movement, and powder outgassing. The findings indicate that hydrogen, water, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide are the predominant gases present during PBF-EB processes. Moreover, rapid outgassing is identified as a likely trigger for powder movement, marking the initial stage of the smoke phenomenon. These results contribute fundamental insights into the gas atmospheres in PBF-EB processes.
The Role of Talus Pile Mobility in Valley Widening Processes and the Development of Wide Bedrock Valleys, Buffalo River, AR
Authors: Groeber O. H. , Langston A. L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractValley width is largely controlled by lithology and upstream drainage area, but little work has focused on identifying the processes through which valleys widen. Bedrock valleys widen by first laterally eroding bedrock valley walls, followed by the collapse of overlying bedrock material that must then be transported away from the valley wall before the valley can continue widening. We hypothesize that talus piles that cannot be transported by the river protect the valley wall and slow valley widening, while talus piles that are rapidly transported allow for uninterrupted valley widening. We used field measurements from 40 locations in both wide and narrow valleys along the Buffalo River, AR to test this hypothesis. Our data show that wide valleys tend to have fewer talus piles and smaller talus grain sizes, whereas talus in narrow valleys is larger in size and more continuous along valley walls. We calculated potential talus block entrainment at each site location and found that talus blocks in wide valleys are potentially entrained and moved away from valley walls during moderate and large flood events, whereas talus blocks in narrow valleys are very rarely moved. Our results show that the potential transport of talus piles protecting bedrock valley walls from widening is controlled by the block size of collapsed bedrock wall material relative to stream competency. Our results also suggest that persistence versus mobility of collapsed talus piles is an important process in the development of wide bedrock valleys.
A Model for Melt‐Preferred Orientation and Permeabilities in Deformed Partially Molten Peridotites
Authors: Liu Boda , Qi Chao , Mitchell Ross N. , Lee Cin‐Ty A. , Liu Chuan‐Zhou 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn a deforming partially molten rock, melt concentrates into a grain‐scale melt pocket aligned at a preferred orientation (melt‐preferred orientation, or MPO). However, observing this texture alone provides limited information on the 3D orientation and geometry of these melt pockets, which are critical parameters for estimating permeability. Here, we modeled the MPO of experimentally deformed peridotites by simulating melt streaks arising from melt pockets of various shapes and 3D orientations. The model aims to identify 3D distribution and characteristics of melt pockets that could account for the observed length, thickness, and the probability of melt streaks. Results show that melt pockets at preferred orientation exhibit greater length, thickness, and number density compared to those perpendicular. These results can be incorporated into the simulation of melt flow through individual melt pockets, which allows us to estimate the permeability corresponding to the observed MPO. We found that the permeability of vertically compressed peridotites increases with increasing compressive strain and a more elongated and thickened shape for melt pocket aligned at preferred orientation. The vertical permeability in the sample with 30% compressive strain is at least 40 times larger than that of an undeformed sample. For peridotites deformed under simple shear, the permeability exhibits an anisotropy of at least three. Such anisotropic permeability, coupled with the formation of melt‐rich bands and other melt channels, is believed to cause lateral melt focusing beneath mid‐ocean ridges.
Climate Change and Health: Perspectives From Ghana
Authors: Akakpo Martin Gameli , Hagan Sylvia , Bokpin Hayford Alufar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClimate change is impacting many aspects of human life in many ways. In Ghana, climate change knowledge remains low and discussions linking climate change and health are scarce. In this paper, authors contribute to the shaping of discussions about climate and health with a focus on how climate change increases certain ailments. First, the paper addresses the need for research in Ghanaian communities to link climate change and health. Second, the paper suggests the development of policies to address the link. Third, public health educators are advised in this paper to educate the public.
Seasonal and Interhemispheric Variations of the Afternoon Auroral Responses to the Interplanetary Magnetic Field By Polarity
Authors: Zhu Shengting , Luan Xiaoli , Lei Jiuhou 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work investigates seasonal and interhemispheric variations of the afternoon auroral responses to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By effects. The auroral observations are adopted from the global ultraviolet imager instrument on board the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite during 2002–2007. The results show that in both summer and winter solstices, the stronger afternoon auroral intensity is associated with negative IMF By (By < 0) in the northern hemisphere, and with By > 0 in the southern hemisphere. This suggests stronger contributions from the upward field‐aligned currents (FACs), which can be induced by the By‐associated north‐south oriented electric field and the By‐associated flow shear in the ionosphere. In addition, the strongest afternoon aurora occurs in summer in each hemisphere. In summer, the absolute difference between the auroral peak intensity under the two By polarities is greater and occurs earlier than in winter, which may be related to changes in FACs and conductivity from winter to summer. Differently, in equinoxes stronger auroral intensity favors By conditions associated with more frequent occurrence of southward IMF Bz, such as By < 0 and By > 0 conditions in March and in September, respectively. Therefore, in equinoxes the effects of the favorable By, which were seen in solstices, are masked. We suggest that these are caused by the Russell‐McPherron effect, which leads to more southward Bz conditions, resulting in more energy deposited and subsequent stronger aurora in polar ionosphere. These results contribute to our deeper understanding of the asymmetrical phenomena in the Earth's magnetosphere‐ionosphere induced by IMF By.
Longitude Structure of Wavenumber 4 of the Ionosphere After Midnight Based on the OI135.6 nm Night Airglow Using FY‐3D Ionospheric Photometer
Authors: Zhang Bin , Fu Liping , Mao Tian , Hu Xiuqing , Wang Yungang , Jiang Fang , Jia Nan , Wang Tianfang , Peng Ruyi , Wang Jinsong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, based on the OI135.6 nm night airglow data of the FY‐3D Ionospheric Photometer (IPM) during the 2018–2021 geomagnetically quiet period, the global wavenumber 4 longitudinal structure of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) at 2:00 local time was discovered, and the component of the wavenumber 4 was extracted from these structures. Compared with the OI135.6 nm night airglow data of the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) F18 during 2011–2014, there were significant differences in the variation pattern of the relative amplitude of the two versus solar activity and the seasonal variation in the proportion of the component of the wavenumber 4. Based on the neutral wind speed observation results of the Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐Resolution Thermospheric Imaging on board the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) from 2020 to 2021, the longitudinal structures of the 4 ionospheric waves after midnight are related to the cross‐equatorial meridional wind. We believe that the wavenumber 4 longitudinal structures after midnight originate from the semidiurnal eastward‐propagating with zonal wavenumber 2 (SE2) nonmigrating tide in the cross‐equatorial neutral wind rather than the diurnal eastward‐propagating with zonal wavenumber 3 (DE3) nonmigrating tide in from the zonal wind, which modulates the daytime wavenumber 4 longitudinal structures.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Effect of Pore Fluids Distribution on Complex Conductivity Saturation Exponents
Authors: Qiang Siyuan , Shi Xiaoqing , Revil André , Kang Xueyuan , Song Yalin , Xing Kun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe induced polarization (IP) method holds a strong potential to better characterize the critical zone of our planet especially in areas characterized by multi‐phase flow. Power‐law relationships between the bulk, surface, and quadrature conductivities versus the pore water saturation are potentially useable to map the subsurface water content distribution. However, the saturation exponents n and p in these power‐law relationships have been observed to vary with the texture of geomaterials and the wettabilities of pore fluids. Traditional experimental setups in the laboratory do not allow to independently visualize the pore fluid distribution. Therefore, the physical interpretations of the two saturation exponents have remained unclear. We developed a novel milli‐fluidic micromodel using clay‐coated glass beads that exhibit excellent visibility and high IP response. Through laboratory experiments, we simultaneously determined the micromodel complex conductivity and acquired the corresponding pore‐scale fluid distributions generated by drainage and imbibition through such class of porous materials. Finite‐element simulations of complex conductivity based on the upscaling of the complex surface conductance of grains were conducted to determine the saturation exponents under ideal pore fluid distributions. Results indicate that saturation exponents n and p vary depending on the ganglia size of the insulating fluids. The saturation exponents n and p exhibit power‐law relationships with the change rate of pore water connectivity with saturation, which is calculated through the computation of the derivative of Euler characteristics. These findings provide a new physical explanation to the relationships between the saturation exponents and the microscopic fluid distributions within the geomaterials.