bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dielectric Relaxation of Water in Clay Minerals
Authors: Vasilyeva Maria A. , Gusev Yuri A. , Shtyrlin Valery G. , Greenbaum (Gutina) Anna , Puzenko Alexander , Ishai Paul Ben , Feldman Yuri 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe study of confined water dynamics in clay minerals is a very important topic in aluminosilicate-surface chemistry. Aluminosilicates are among the most technologically versatile materials in industry today. Dielectric spectroscopy is a very useful method for investigating the structure and dynamics of water adsorbed on solid matrix surfaces and water in the vicinity of ions in solutions. Use of this method for the study of clay minerals has been underutilized to date, however. The main goal of the present research was to understand the relaxation mechanisms of water molecules interacting with different hydration centers in clay minerals, with a view to eventually control this interaction. Two types of natural layered aluminosilicates (clay minerals) — montmorillonite with exchangeable K+, Co2+, and Ni2+ cations and kaolinite with exchangeable K+ and Ba2+ cations — were examined by means of dielectric spectroscopy over wide ranges of temperature (from -121°C to +300°C) and frequency (1 Hz–1 MHz). An analysis of the experimental data is provided in terms of four distributed relaxation processes. The low-temperature relaxation was observed only in montmorillonites and could be subdivided into two processes, each related to a specific hydration center. The cooperative behavior of water at the interface was observed in the intermediate temperature region, together with a proton percolation. The dielectric properties of ice-like and confined water structures in the layered clay minerals were compared with the dielectric response observed in porous glasses. The spatial fractal dimensions of the porous aluminosilicates were calculated by two separate methods — from an analysis of the fractality found in photomicrographs and from the dielectric response.
Using Storify: Challenges and opportunities for journalists covering crises
Authors: Sacco Vittoria , Bossio Dr Diana 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The recent ‘Arab Spring’ protests have been widely discussed in the media as an example of a shift in the dissemination of news and information during a crisis. Apart from the youth-driven resistance played out on the streets, the ‘Arab Spring’ movement is also noteworthy for the millions of texts, images and videos that were transmitted through social media networks and indirectly disseminated on mainstream news networks. While social media has played an increasingly crucial role as a source of information for journalists during times of crisis, concerns have been raised about the veracity of information and the effort needed to extract the best content in real time. To overcome this problem, ex-journalist Burt Herman created the online platform Storify as a pioneering media content curation service. Media content curation knits technological and human skill in selecting, classifying, preserving, contextualizing and crafting traditional media sources and social media content into one coherent narrative. This article examines the changes to traditional modes of journalistic practice engendered by the use of Storify and other social media tools for reportage in times of crisis. The research utilizes a content analysis of Storify ‘stories’ written by media professionals about the ‘Arab Spring’ and seven interviews with media professionals who have used Storify to report during the ‘Arab Spring’. Journalists have responded positively to Storify because of the diversity of sources, accessibility, new story presentation possibilities and the ability to quickly search and select sources using a transparent process. However, our analysis found that some of the limitations of Storify are technical, specifically in terms of design and software.
When the media criticize the media
Authors: Pettersson Åke 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this article, Åke Pettersson writes about Sweden’s only media programme that continued broadcasting without interruption for more than three decades. Called Vår grundade mening for the most part of its life, it ran into some problems in 2007 and came close to shutdown before re-emerging under the name of Publicerat, the appellation Pettersson prefers when talking about his programme. Since its inception in 1981 up to its demise in 2013, the radio programme has worked as ‘watchdog’ of the media scene in Sweden. Pettersson won several awards for his observations and discussions of media-related issues in Sweden and beyond. A close examination of the about 1500 episodes that he produced, edited and presented can tell volumes about the history of the Swedish media for over three decades. He starts with a few words about his own programme and then moves to the reaction and responses he has received from both public and private media outlets in Sweden. The article dwells on both positive and negative sides that emanate from a radio programme with a critical angle of the media. He touches upon the collaboration he has had as a practitioner with academia, namely, media journalism scholars. The article, although centring on the Swedish media scene, can have a lot of bearing on how the media may get involved in self-criticism to improve conditions and increase public awareness of media-related issues.
Crime journalism: Barriers in Ireland
Authors: Connolly Emer 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
There is a tremendous fascination with crime in Ireland. The public appetite is insatiable. However, crime reporters face numerous barriers in their quest to disclose information. The sub judice rule must be adhered to, various reporting restrictions must also be taken into consideration, while sources must be handled sensitively. Care must be taken when reporting on jury trials in order to ensure that commentary does not impact on a jury’s decision. Crime reporters regularly encounter difficulties in their efforts to access information. In my article, I will write about the various reporting restrictions that apply when it comes to crime reporting in Ireland. I will bring in references to some of my own experiences of reporting in this area and I will make recommendations on changes that could be made in this area.
A High-Temperature Thermoelectric Generator Based on Oxides
Authors: Feldhoff Armin , Geppert Benjamin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The thermoelectric energy conversion is described in terms of fluxes of extensive variables entropy and charge, which gives a clear meaning to the figure of merit and to the power factor. Strength and sign of coupling of entropy current and electrical current is decisive for the function of a thermoelectric generator, which was built from n-type and p-type oxide ceramics to be suitable for the high-temperature range. For n-type and p-type legs, Zn0.98Al0.02O and Ca3Co4O9-derived ceramics, respectively, were used. Microstructure of both materials was investigated to some detail by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy including elemental analysis. N-type Zn0.98Al0.02O shows sub-micrometre precipitates of ZnAl2O4 spinel. P-type Ca3Co4O9-derived ceramic is a multi-phase composite as the starting powder decomposed partly during sintering. The thermoelectric materials show different temperature slopes of the power factor with the p-type material reaching 1.8 mW cm−1 K−2 at 1,000 K and the n-type reaching 1.6 mW cm−1 K−2 at 1,050 K. For the 10-leg thermoelectric generator, a figure of merit of zT = 0.10 was estimated at maximum electrical power output when the hot side was at 1,023 K, and a temperature difference of 200 K was applied.
A New Look at Weak State Conditions and Genocide Risk
Authors: Anderton Charles H. , Carter John R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe present a rational choice model depicting a regime’s incentive to allocate resources to fighting rebels and killing civilians when it perceives an internal threat to its political or territorial control. The model guides our empirical inquiry of risk factors for genocide onset. Based on logit methods applied to a pooled sample of 155 countries over the period 1955–2006, we find that key variables highlighted in the theoretical model elevate genocide risk. Specifically, measures of threat, anocratic Polity scores, new state status, and low income significantly increase genocide risk, which we interpret as consistent with weak state perspectives on mass atrocity. Moreover, the threat measures matter even after controlling for internal war and the anocracy result holds even after removing components of the Polity dataset that are “contaminated” with factional violence, including genocide. Extensions of the empirical analysis to a variety of alternative measures, variables, and estimators show the robustness of weak state risk factors for genocide.
Dismantling Cultural Prejudice: Responses to Huntington’s Thesis in the Indonesian Media
Authors: Prasetyo Hendro 
Published: June 2014

The ideas contained in Huntington's article, "Clash of Civilization?", are provoking. Since its publication in Foreign Affairs (summer 1993), several responses have appeared in the media world-wide. In this home country, Huntington's article was critized from various angles. His assumptions, model, data and even his potition were scrutunized mostly by social scientists and Islamicist. These criticisms, however, highlight the article's significant importance in the debates of political and cultural problems faced in the post-cold war world.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i1.869
The Role of Islam in Indonesia and AlgerianHistory: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Meuleman J.H. 
Published: June 2014

In this article the authors propose a comparative note on the role of Islam in the history of the two countries: Algeria in the Maghreb region and Indonesia on the southeast end of the region of the spread of Islam. The author explains that in various periods, Islam plays a very important role in the history of the two countries. Period covered specifically is the eve of the arrival of Islam - which is described to explain the circumstances behind the arrival of the new religion - and then the process of Islamization, Islamic role in the resistance against the occupation, and finally the position of Islam in the post-colonial independent state.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i2.856
Wacana, Satu Alternatif Memahami Islam
Authors: Prasetyo Hendro 
Published: June 2014

This book aim to describe the features of local forms of Islam in the Gayo highland, central part of the Aceh province, Sumatra. Gayo people have been Muslim since at least the seventeenth century, by which time they were incorporated into the Acehnese kingdom. Their religious mode represent the somewhat distinctive character of Islam generally found in this country. They have developed their local knowledge by elaborating, transforming and adapting elements from broader Muslim traditions. They describe the existence of spiritual beings and the power of language by using the Muslim idea of stainhood. They explain the power of spells and the ability to hunt and farm through Muslim narrative about Adam.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i3.854
Neo-Modernism: A Vital Synthesis of Traditionalist and Modernist Islamic Thought in Indonesia
Authors: Barton Greg 
Published: June 2014

This paper is concerned with exploring the early stages of a new movement is Islamic thought in Indonesian society referred to by some as Islamic neo-modernism by focusing upon the lives and writings of the four seminal neo-modernist thinkers in Indonesia: Nurcholish Madjid, Djohan Effendi, Ahmad Wahib and Abdurrahman Wahid.Whilst the later work of these intellectuals, particularly Nurcholish and Abdurrahman, is reasonably well known the extend to which their current liberal, progressive thought reflects their convictions of two, or more, decades ago is not well understood. An examination of their writing from the 1970s reveals a striking consistency in their thought and suggest that their ISlamic liberalism is deeply rooted.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i3.827
Historiography and Religious Reform in Brunei during the Period 1912-1959
Authors: Mansurnoor Iik Arifin 
Published: June 2014

Scientific papers that discuss the reform of Islam in Southeast Asia has been quite a lot, the literature usually peel reform issues that have a direct relationship with the Islamic central cities, such as Cairo or Istanbul. The most common example is reform inspired by Wahhabism, Tanzimat or Abduhisme are all derived from the center of the region. However, similar works that focus on community studies can be said to be very rare Brunei. This fact is very easy to answer: because Brunei has never experienced such reforms experienced by Muslim communities around it.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i3.828
Ergot Alkaloid Concentrations in High‐ and Low‐Moisture Tall Fescue Silage
Authors: Roberts Craig A. , Davis David K. , Looper Michael L. , Kallenbach Robert L. , Rottinghaus George E. , Hill Nicholas S. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTErgot alkaloids are mycotoxins found in foods and forage crops, including common tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum(Schreb.) Darbysh. =Schedonorus arundinaceus(Schreb.) Dumort.], which hosts a fungal endophyte. The objective of this study was to determine changes in ergovaline and total ergot alkaloid concentrations in tall fescue silage produced at high moisture (650 to 680 g H2O kg−1) and low moisture (340 to 400 g H2O kg−1). The study was conducted on endophyte‐infected pastures of tall fescue in northern and southern Missouri. Tall fescue was clipped after seedhead emergence but before anthesis, wilted to high or low moisture, baled, and wrapped. After >100 d of ensiling, bales were cored and samples analyzed for ergovaline and total ergot alkaloid concentrations. Ergovaline concentration decreased (P< 0.05) during ensiling at both locations and moisture levels, and the decrease ranged from 24 to 58%. In contrast, total ergot alkaloid concentrations increased during ensiling in high moisture silage in northern (P< 0.10) and southern (P< 0.05) Missouri but did not change in low moisture silage. The opposing responses of ergovaline and total ergot alkaloids offer partial explanations for differences reported in studies involving tall fescue silage. These responses also caution against recommendations to ensile tall fescue to reduce toxins because one analyte indicates detoxification is possible, while the other analyte does not.
Field Screening of Salinity Tolerance in Iranian Bread Wheat Lines
Authors: Sardouie‐Nasab Somaye , Mohammadi‐Nejad Ghasem , Nakhoda Babak 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTSoil and water salinity are major constraints for wheat production in Iran. High genetic diversity for salinity tolerance has been observed in Iranian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Hence, these genotypes can be evaluated under field and controlled conditions for identifying new genotypes with better performance under salt stress conditions. In a 2‐yr study, we evaluated 97 promising Iranian lines with different levels of salinity tolerance along with three tolerant cultivars as checks under field conditions in Yazd province of Iran. Plant materials were grown under saline and normal field conditions (electrical conductivity [EC] of 10.0 and 3.0 dS m−1, respectively). Significant genetic variation (P < 0.01) in salinity tolerance was observed among wheat genotypes. In this study, an equation was developed for estimating a stress tolerance score (STS). The results of the equation were identical to those of multivariate analyses. The STS equation is much easier to use than complicated multivariate analyses. Therefore, it is suggested as a screening tool for identification of salt‐tolerant wheat genotypes. Ultimately, ten lines with higher tolerance to salt stress, in comparison with tolerant checks, were detected. These lines can be used in wheat breeding programs for salt‐affected areas.
Field Book: An Open‐Source Application for Field Data Collection on Android
Authors: Rife Trevor W. , Poland Jesse A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTPlant breeding and genetics research is an inherently data‐driven enterprise. Typical experiments and breeding nurseries can contain thousands of unique entries and programs will often evaluate tens of thousands of plots each year. To function efficiently on this scale, electronic data management becomes essential. Many research programs, however, continue to operate by scribing and transcribing massive amounts of data on paper field books. While effective, this form of data management places heavy burdens on human resources, decreases data integrity, and greatly limits future utilization of data and the ability to expand the breeding program. To help address these constraints, we have developed an open‐source application for electronic data capture that runs on consumer‐grade Android tablets. By focusing on a simple, stand‐alone application with an intuitive and customized interface, we attempt to decrease both the technological and cost barriers that hinder adoption of electronic data management in breeding programs. The simplicity of Field Book allows adoption of the technology without a steep learning curve. With low‐cost, accessible solutions, the vision of one handheld per breeder can become a reality for breeding programs around the world. Transformational capacity in electronic data collection and management will be essential to realizing a contemporary green revolution.
Soybean Germplasm Accession Seedling Reactions to Soybean Rust Isolates from Georgia
Authors: Walker David R. , Harris Donna K. , King Zachary R. , Li Zenglu , Phillips Daniel V. , Buck James W. , Nelson Randall L. , Boerma H. Roger 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTSoybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. and P. Syd., is a threat to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], production in regions of the world where winters are not cold enough to completely eliminate the many hosts of the fungus, so resistant soybean cultivars would be useful in managing this disease. Resistant germplasm accessions have been identified, and resistance (Rpp) genes have been mapped to six independent loci, but the high degree of virulence variability among P. pachyrhizi populations and isolates means that the level of resistance to different populations and isolates can vary considerably. Greenhouse assays were conducted from 2008 until 2013 in which seedlings of soybean plant introductions were challenged with bulk P. pachyrhizi isolates collected in the state of Georgia. Accessions were included in the tests either because they carried known Rpp genes or because they had appeared resistant to SBR in previous field assays. The resistance was assessed on the basis of infection type, visible urediniospore development, and sometimes lesion density. With a few exceptions, most of the accessions that appeared resistant as adult plants in the field also had resistance reactions as seedlings, and these reactions were generally similar or identical in the different years that the greenhouse assays were conducted. This study demonstrates that greenhouse seedling reactions should usually be reliable indicators of adult plant resistance to related P. pachyrhizi isolates or populations, and confirms the resistance of more than 100 soybean germplasm accessions to fungal isolates and field populations from Georgia.
AlZn based Co and Ni catalysts for the partial oxidation of bioethanol — influence of different synthesis procedures
Authors: Ehrich Heike , Kraleva Elka 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The catalytic performance of Co and Ni catalysts on AlZn mixed oxide supports depends on the synthesis procedure used for their preparation. For this study CoAlZn and NiAlZn catalysts were prepared by conventional sol-gel synthesis of the mixed oxide and subsequent impregnation of the support with the transition metal (SG = sol gel method) as well as by a single-step method were a gel is formed based on salts of all components using citric acid as chelating agent (CM = citrate method). The structure and morphology of the catalysts were characterized by nitrogen sorption, XRD and TPR measurements. They showed high activity in the partial oxidation of ethanol at 600–750 °C, but their properties depend on the preparation method. The higher performance of the catalysts prepared by the citrate method, where the transition metal is incorporated into the crystal structure of the support during preparation, is based on a change in morphology and structure, resulting in more active sites exposed on the surface. Compared to the Co catalysts, Ni catalysts showed a higher performance. This might be due to the higher reducibility and the smaller Ni particles size, which allows a better interaction with the support in NiAlZn catalysts.
Recent progress in the application of glow-discharge electrolysis plasma
Authors: Ren Jie , Yao Mengqi , Yang Wu , Li Yan , Gao Jinzhang 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Non-equilibrium plasma makes it is possible to modify surface chemistry, synthetize polymer materials, and oxidize some organic compounds completely by generation of energetic and chemically active species in gas or liquid phases. Glow-discharge electrolysis plasma (GDEP) has been intensely studied for applications in chemistry and in material, environmental, and biomedical engineering during the last few years because of the very highly active chemical species produced during the glow-discharge electrolysis (GDE) process. A brief review is already available regarding applications of glow-discharge electrolysis plasma technique in chemistry and environmental science during the past decade. For convenience of discussion, some papers from prior years are also cited. The contents of this review are focused on the degradation of persistent pollutants, surface modification of materials, and preparation of functional polymers.
Erratum to: “Occurrence of 2-phenylphenol in food paper packages”
Authors: Votavová Lenka , Hanušová Kristýna , Vápenka Lukáš , Dobiáš Jaroslav , Kvasnička František 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The original version of the article was published in Cent. Eur. J. Chem. 12(11) (2014) pp. 1162–1168. Unfortunately, the original version of this article contains some mistakes in the Tables 2 and 3. Corrected versions of the tables are presented below.
Initiation of Movement and Energy Expenditure in Children With Developmental Delay: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Chen Chiao-Nan (Joyce) , Hwang Ai-Wen , Lin Shang-Ying , Lin Yu-Chieh 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundLower levels of physical activity in children with developmental delay (DD) usually are attributed to higher energy costs. However, there is no evidence that children with DD spend more energy on daily physical activities, such as walking.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare energy costs during walking and movement initiation times in children with DD and children with typical development (TD) and matched for age.DesignThis was a case-control study.MethodsChildren who were 3 and 5 years old and had DD (n=12) or TD (n=12) participated in the study. Measurements included ranges of motion in the lower extremities, physiological costs of walking, and movement initiation times. A task designed to evaluate the initiation of movement (the “go play with the toy” task) was used to examine the reaction times for children's goal-directed walking.ResultsThe physiological costs of walking were similar in the 2 groups; however, children with DD walked at a lower speed than children with TD. Importantly, children with DD took more time to initiate goal-directed walking.LimitationsThe nature of the study design limited causal inference from the results.ConclusionsChildren who were 3 to 5 years old and had DD had delays in goal-directed movement that may not have been attributable to motor impairments. The findings suggest that therapists should evaluate the movement initiation ability of 3- to 5-year-old children with DD as part of the design of an overall intervention plan.