bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multimodel regression‐sampling algorithm for generating rich monthly streamflow scenarios
Authors: Li Chao , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a multimodel regression‐sampling algorithm (MRS) for monthly streamflow simulation. MRS is motivated from the acknowledgment that typical nonparametric models tend to simulate sequences exhibiting too close a resemblance to historical records and parametric models have limitations in capturing complex distributional and dependence characteristics, such as multimodality and nonlinear autocorrelation. The aim of MRS is to generate streamflow sequences with rich scenarios while properly capturing complex distributional and dependence characteristics. The basic assumptions of MRS include: (1) streamflow of a given month depends on a feature vector consisting of streamflow of the previous month and the dynamic aggregated flow of the past 12 months and (2) streamflow can be multiplicatively decomposed into a deterministic expectation term and a random residual term. Given a current feature vector, MRS first relates the conditional expectation to the feature vector through an ensemble average of multiple regression models. To infer the conditional distribution of the residual, MRS adopts the k‐nearest neighbor concept. More precisely, the conditional distribution is estimated by a gamma kernel smoothed density of historical residuals inside the k‐neighborhood of the given feature vector. Rather than obtaining the residuals from the averaged model only, MRS retains all residuals from all the original regression models. In other words, MRS perceives that the original residuals put together would better represent the covariance structure between streamflow and the feature vector. By doing so, the benefit is that a kernel smoothed density of the residual with reliable accuracy can be estimated, which is hardly possible in a single‐model framework. It is the smoothed density that ensures the generation of sequences with rich scenarios unseen in historical record. We evaluated MRS at selected stream gauges and compared with several existing models. Results show that (1) compared with typical nonparametric models, MRS is more apt at generating sequences with richer scenarios and (2) in contrast to parametric models, MRS can reproduce complex distributional and dependence characteristics. Since MRS is flexible at incorporating different covariates, it can be tailored for other potential applications, such as hydrologic forecasting, downscaling, as well as postprocessing deterministic forecasts into probabilistic ones.
Three‐dimensional inversion of seafloor magnetotelluric data collected in the Philippine Sea and the western margin of the northwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Tada Noriko , Baba Kiyoshi , Utada Hisashi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe report a result of three‐dimensional (3‐D) upper mantle electrical conductivity inversion of seafloor magnetotelluric data. We used existing data at 25 sites in the Philippine Sea and the western margin of the Pacific Ocean. In order to obtain a reliable model by 3‐D inversion, we evaluated the large and small‐scale topographic effects. We also conducted a comprehensive search of the one‐dimensional (1‐D) profiles of the study area in order to determine the best initial and prior models. A two‐phase inversion method was applied so that the error floors for the diagonal and off‐diagonal elements of the impedance tensor could be separately controlled. Through this first attempt at inverting real data, we obtained basic knowledge about tuning the inversion parameters and conditions. We also proposed a procedure to evaluate the reliability of the 3‐D conductivity anomalies imaged by the inversion by conducting checkerboard and sensitivity tests. After the iterations converged, 13 distinct anomalies were found in the inverted 3‐D conductivity model; four conductive and two resistive anomalies were confirmed to be resolved enough by the data through the checkerboard test. Then the sensitivity tests were conducted to quantify how each anomaly was required by the observed data, and we confirmed that the intensities of three conductive anomalies and one resistive anomaly were statistically significant. This paper presented an example of possible approach in 3‐D seafloor electromagnetic inversion procedure for imaging reliable electrical conductivity structure of the oceanic mantle, which will be useful in understanding dynamics and evolution of solid Earth.
In situ soil moisture coupled with extreme temperatures: A study based on the Oklahoma Mesonet
Authors: Ford Trent W. , Quiring Steven M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe relationship between the observed (in situ) soil moisture and the percent hot days (%HD) in Oklahoma is examined using quantile regression. Consistent with results from previous modeling studies and observational studies using precipitation deficits as proxy, soil moisture is found to most strongly impact air temperature in the upper quantile of the %HD distribution. The utility of soil moisture for forecasting extreme heat events in Oklahoma is also assessed. Our results show that %HD can be predicted with reasonable skill using soil moisture anomalies from the previous month. These soil moisture‐based forecasts of extreme temperature events can be used to support public health and water resource planning and mitigation activities in the Southern Great Plain region of the United States.
Seismic fault zone trapped noise
Authors: Hillers G. , Campillo M. , Ben‐Zion Y. , Roux P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSystematic velocity contrasts across and within fault zones can lead to head and trapped waves that provide direct information on structural units that are important for many aspects of earthquake and fault mechanics. Here we construct trapped waves from the scattered seismic wavefield recorded by a fault zone array. The frequency‐dependent interaction between the ambient wavefield and the fault zone environment is studied using properties of the noise correlation field. A critical frequency fc ≈ 0.5 Hz defines a threshold above which the in‐fault scattered wavefield has increased isotropy and coherency compared to the ambient noise. The increased randomization of in‐fault propagation directions produces a wavefield that is trapped in a waveguide/cavity‐like structure associated with the low‐velocity damage zone. Dense spatial sampling allows the resolution of a near‐field focal spot, which emerges from the superposition of a collapsing, time reversed wavefront. The shape of the focal spot depends on local medium properties, and a focal spot‐based fault normal distribution of wave speeds indicates a ∼50% velocity reduction consistent with estimates from a far‐field travel time inversion. The arrival time pattern of a synthetic correlation field can be tuned to match properties of an observed pattern, providing a noise‐based imaging tool that can complement analyses of trapped ballistic waves. The results can have wide applicability for investigating the internal properties of fault damage zones, because mechanisms controlling the emergence of trapped noise have less limitations compared to trapped ballistic waves.
Retrievals of cloud fraction and cloud albedo from surface‐based shortwave radiation measurements: A comparison of 16 year measurements
Authors: Xie Yu , Liu Yangang , Long Charles N. , Min Qilong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractGround‐based radiation measurements have been widely conducted to gain information on clouds and the surface radiation budget. To examine the existing techniques of cloud property retrieval and explore the underlying reasons for uncertainties, a newly developed approach that allows for simultaneous retrievals of cloud fraction and cloud albedo from ground‐based shortwave broadband radiation measurements, XL2013, is used to derive cloud fraction and cloud albedo from ground‐based shortwave broadband radiation measurements at the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains site. The new results are compared with the separate retrieval of cloud fraction and cloud albedo using Long2006 and Liu2011, respectively. The retrievals from the broadband radiation measurements are further compared with those based on shortwave spectral measurements (Min2008). The comparison shows overall good agreement between the retrievals of both cloud fraction and cloud albedo, with noted differences, however. The Long2006 and Min2008 cloud fractions are greater on average than the XL2013 values. Compared to Min2008 and Liu2011, the XL2013 cloud albedo tends to be greater for thin clouds but smaller for thick clouds, with the differences decreasing with increasing cloud fraction; the neglect of land surface albedo and cloud absorption by Liu2011 also contributes the difference in cloud albedo. Further analysis reveals that the approaches that retrieve cloud fraction and cloud albedo separately may suffer from mutual contamination of errors in retrieved cloud fraction and cloud albedo.
Patterns of similarity of seasonal water balances: A window into streamflow variability over a range of time scales
Authors: Berghuijs Wouter R. , Sivapalan Murugesu , Woods Ross A. , Savenije Hubert H. G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRecent hydrologic synthesis efforts have presented evidence that the seasonal water balance is at the core of overall catchment responses, and understanding it will assist in predicting signatures of streamflow variability at other time scales, including interannual variability, the flow duration curve, low flows, and floods. In this study, we group 321 catchments located across the continental U.S. into several clusters with similar seasonal water balance behavior. We then delineate the boundaries between these clusters on the basis of a similarity framework based on three hydroclimatic indices that represent aridity, precipitation timing, and snowiness. The clustering of catchments based on the seasonal water balance has a strong relationship not only with regional patterns of the three climate indices but also with regional ecosystem, soil, and vegetation classes, which point to the strong dependence of these physiographic characteristics on seasonal climate variations and the hydrologic regimes. Building on these catchment clusters, we demonstrate that the seasonal water balance does have an imprint on signatures of streamflow variability over a wide range of time scales (daily to decadal) and a wide range of states (low flows to floods). The seasonal water balance is well integrated into variability at seasonal and longer time scales, but is only partly reflected in the signatures at shorter time scales, including flooding responses. Overall, the seasonal water balance has proven to be a similarity measure that serves as a link between both short‐term hydrologic responses and long‐term adaptation of the landscape with climate.
Gas Phase Chemistry of Gold
Authors: Mathias Weber J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This chapter deals with results from gas phase experiments on mononuclear gold compounds, although there will not be too much discussion of gold in an organic chemistry context. Mass spectrometry in combination with laser spectroscopic techniques has made a wealth of experimental data on gold complexes available. Such experiments can yield deep and detailed insight into the chemistry of gold, since the target systems are very well defined and circumvent the difficulties associated with solvent interaction and speciation that complicate many experiments in condensed phase environments. Moreover, gas phase experiments can serve to validate computational and theoretical approaches to gold chemistry. We discuss experimental approaches to bring gold compounds into the gas phase, and we showcase data on complexes with atomic and molecular ligands, as well as studies on the reactivity of gold ions.
Brief communication: Artificial cranial modification in Kow Swamp and Cohuna
Authors: Durband Arthur C. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe crania from Kow Swamp and Cohuna have been important for a number of debates in Australian paleoanthropology. These crania typically have long, flat foreheads that many workers have cited as evidence of genetic continuity with archaic Indonesian populations, particularly the Ngandong sample. Other scientists have alleged that at least some of the crania from Kow Swamp and the Cohuna skull have been altered through artificial modification, and that the flat foreheads possessed by these individuals are not phylogenetically informative. In this study, several Kow Swamp crania and Cohuna are compared to known modified and unmodified comparative samples. Canonical variates analyses and Mahalanobis distances are generated, and random expectation statistics are used to calculate statistical significance for these tests. The results of this study agree with prior work indicating that a portion of this sample shows evidence for artificial modification of the cranial vault. Many Kow Swamp crania and Cohuna display shape similarities with a population of known modified individuals from New Britain. Kow Swamp 1, 5, and Cohuna show the strongest evidence for modification, but other individuals from this sample also show evidence of culturally manipulated changes in cranial shape. This project provides added support for the argument that at least some Pleistocene Australian groups were practicing artificial cranial modification, and suggests that caution should be used when including these individuals in phylogenetic studies. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:173–178, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Refractory status epilepticus, circulatory collapse after cardiac arrest, and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by severe isolated fluvoxamine poisoning: a case report
Authors: Kan'o Tomomichi , Kamijo Yoshihito , Hattori Jun , Kashimi Fumie , Sato Chie , Yoshimura Kuniko 
Published: June 2014

CaseA 30‐year‐old female ingested 21.75 g fluvoxamine in a suicide attempt. She presented with grand mal seizures and vomiting on admission to our Emergency Center, with a fluvoxamine serum concentration of 4.58 μg/mL. The patient was diagnosed with status epilepticus, which could not be fully suppressed with the maximum dosage of benzodiazepines. The patient also developed circulatory collapse after resuscitation for sudden cardiac arrest and acute respiratory distress syndrome, believed to be secondary to aspiration.OutcomeWith venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, a massive infusion of propofol successfully suppressed status epilepticus, and both the circulatory collapse and acute respiratory distress syndrome gradually improved; venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and propofol treatments were then terminated, and the patient was discharged without further disabilities.ConclusionCompared to all other reported clinical cases of fluvoxamine poisoning, the patient in this study ingested the highest dose and developed the most severe symptoms, but was successfully treated without any disabilities.
Cotton fibers reinforcement of HNBR: Control of fiber alignment and its influence on properties of HNBR vulcanizates
Authors: Sanprasert Pimsaruta , Sombatsompop Narongrit , Sae‐oui Pongdhorn , Sirisinha Chakrit 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the reinforcement of hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) by cotton fiber as natural reinforcing filler. The effect of fiber alignment on the properties of HNBR compounds and vulcanizates is investigated. Properties of interest include rheological behavior, cure, tensile, abrasion, and dynamic mechanical properties which are correlated to the magnitudes of state‐of‐mix, bound rubber content, crosslink density and fiber alignment. Results obtained reveal that mechanical properties of rubber composites are improved dramatically by the addition of cotton fiber due to the enhanced hydrodynamic effect in association with crosslink density. Furthermore, the degree of fiber alignment is found to depend strongly on shear strain. The results demonstrate the importance of fiber alignment controlled efficiently by shear strain. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41090.
Design of cyanate ester/azomethine/ZrO2 nanocomposites high‐k dielectric materials by single step sol–gel approach
Authors: Ariraman Mathivathanan , kumar Ramachandran Sasi , Alagar Muthukaruppan 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article we designed a cyanate ester based novel hybrid nanocomposites by sol–gel approach with different weight percentages of Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2). The synthesized monomer and polymer nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared, 1H, and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Optical and thermal properties reveals the excellent optical transparency and good thermal stability of hybrid nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscope and high resolution transmission electron microscope analysis confirm the homogeneous dispersion of ZrO2 in the nanocomposites. Interestingly 7% ZrO2 nanocomposite exhibit highest k value of 9.21 which may be due to the well dispersion of ZrO2 and their strong interfacial polarization in the organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41097.
Evaluation of photovoltaic efficiency of dye‐sensitized solar cells fabricated with electrospun PVDF‐PAN‐Fe2O3 composite membrane
Authors: Sethupathy Malaisamy , Pandey Priyanka , Manisankar Paramasivam 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTPoly(vinylidene fluoride)‐polyacrylonitrile‐based membranes containing Fe2O3 nanoparticles were prepared by electrospinning technique and characterized by HR‐SEM, FTIR, and XRD analysis. The effect of electrolyte in the electrospun nanofibers on electrolyte uptake, ionic conductivity and porosity were studied. The electrospun membranes containing Fe2O3 showed an enhanced ionic conductivity than that of without Fe2O3. Among the prepared membranes, the membrane with 7 wt % Fe2O3 has the highest liquid electrolyte uptake of 562% and ionic conductivity of 6.81 × 10−2 S cm−1. The photovoltaic performance for open circuit voltage (Voc), Short‐circuit current density (Jsc), Fill factor (FF), and η of the DSSC fabricated with 7 wt % Fe2O3 are 0.77 V, 10.4 mA/cm2, 0.62 and 4.9%, respectively. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41107.
Cetacean occurrence, habitat preferences and potential for cetacean–fishery interactions in Iberian Atlantic waters: results from cooperative research involving local stakeholders
Authors: Goetz Sabine , Read Fiona L. , Ferreira Marisa , Portela Julio Martínez , Santos Maria Begoña , Vingada José , Siebert Ursula , Marçalo Ana , Santos Jorge , Araújo Hélder , Monteiro Silvia , Caldas Mara , Riera Marcos , Pierce Graham J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Iberian Atlantic waters are heavily exploited by Spanish and Portuguese fisheries. Overlaps between fishery target species and cetacean diet, and between fishing grounds and cetacean foraging areas, can lead to cetacean–fishery interactions including bycatch mortality of cetaceans.
The present study assesses cetacean distribution, habitat preferences and hotspots for cetacean–fishery interactions by using a cooperative research approach with stakeholder participation (fishers, fisheries observers, fisheries authorities, scientists), as well as the combination of different opportunistic data sources (interviews, on‐board observations). The usefulness of each data type is evaluated. The implications of results for the monitoring and mitigation of cetacean–fishery interactions are discussed.
Generalized linear models and GIS maps were used to relate cetacean occurrence patterns to environmental variables (geographic area, water depth, coastal morphology) and to fishing activities (fishing grounds, fisheries target species).
Common and bottlenose dolphins were the most frequently sighted species, the former in waters >50 m, frequently from purse seiners and trawlers, and the latter particularly inside the south Galician rías and close to vessels operating further offshore in Portuguese waters. Harbour porpoises were seen over the whole continental shelf, often next to beach seines, while long‐finned pilot whales and striped dolphins were mostly seen from vessels fishing offshore.
Results suggest that cetacean occurrence is linked to prey distribution and that interactions with fisheries are most likely for common dolphins (with coastal purse seines and offshore trawls), bottlenose dolphins and harbour porpoises (coastal nets). The different data sources were complementary and provided results broadly consistent with previous studies on cetacean occurrence in the same area, although sightings frequency for some cetacean species was biased by survey method. Opportunistic sampling has certain restrictions concerning reliability, but can cover a wide area at comparatively low cost and make use of local ecological knowledge to yield information required for cetacean conservation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decadal trends of global precipitation in the recent 30 years
Authors: Li Xiaofan , Zhai Guoqing , Gao Shouting , Shen Xinyong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDecadal trends of global precipitation are examined using the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP), Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis data. The decadal trends of global precipitation average diverge a decreasing trend for the CMAP data, a flat trend for the GPCP data, and an increasing trend for the reanalysis data. The decreasing trend for the CMAP data is associated with the reduction in high precipitation. The flat trend for the GPCP data is related to the offset between the increase in high precipitation and the decrease in low precipitation. The increasing trend for the reanalysis data corresponds to the increase in high precipitation.
Randomized clinical trial of isolated Roux-en-Y versus conventional reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Tani M , Kawai M , Hirono S , Okada K-I , Miyazawa M , Shimizu A , Kitahata Y , Yamaue H 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is associated with a high incidence of postoperative complications including pancreatic fistula. This randomized clinical trial compared the incidence of pancreatic fistula between the isolated Roux-en-Y (IsoRY) and conventional reconstruction (CR) methods.

Methods
Patients admitted for PD between June 2009 and September 2012 in a single centre were assigned randomly to CR or IsoRY. The primary endpoint was the incidence of pancreatic fistula (grade A–C) defined according to the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula. Secondary endpoints were complication rates, mortality and hospital stay. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with pancreatic fistula.

Results
Some 153 patients were randomized, 76 to CR and 77 to IsoRY; two patients from the IsoRY group were excluded after randomization. Pancreatic fistula occurred in 26 patients (34 per cent) in the CR group and 25 (33 per cent) in the IsoRY group (P = 0·909). The number of patients with a clinically relevant pancreatic fistula (grade B or C) was similar in the two groups (10 and 11 patients respectively; P = 0·789), as were complication rates (42 versus 40 per cent; P = 0·793) and mortality (none in either group; P = 0·999). Soft pancreas was the only independent risk factor for pancreatic fistula (odds ratio 4·42, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·85 to 10·53; P &lt;0·001).

Conclusion
This study showed that IsoRY reconstruction does not reduce the incidence of pancreatic fistula compared with CR. Registration number: NCT00915863 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/) and UMIN000001967 (http://www.umin.ac.jp/).