bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of TLR‐4 to produce tumour necrosis factor‐α in neuropathic pain caused by paclitaxel
Authors: Wu Z. , Wang S. , Wu I. , Mata M. , Fink D.J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundNeuropathic pain is a common complication of treatment with the anti‐neoplastic drug paclitaxel. Animal studies suggest neuroinflammation and transient receptor potential channels TRPA1 and TRPV4 are involved in the pathogenesis of pain in this condition. However, how neuroinflammation and TRPA1 and TRPV4 are linked to cause pain in paclitaxel‐treated animals is not known.MethodsPaclitaxel‐induced pain was modelled by IP injection of paclitaxel (16 mg/kg) once a week for 5 weeks. The role of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4) in tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) production and the effect of TNF‐α on the expression of TRPA1 and TRPV4 were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. TNF‐α signalling in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was blocked by expressing soluble TNF receptor I (TNFsR) from a herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐based vector (vTNFsR).ResultsPaclitaxel treatment increased the expression and release of TNF‐α in satellite glial cells and increased the expression of TRPA1 and TRPV4 in DRG neurons in animals. In vitro, paclitaxel enhanced the expression and release of TNF‐α in enriched primary satellite glial cells, an effect that was blocked by an inhibitor of TLR‐4. Direct application of TNF‐α to primary DRG neurons in culture up‐regulated the expression of TRPA1 and TRPV4. In vivo, vector‐mediated TNFsR release from DRG neurons reduced paclitaxel‐induced up‐regulation of TRPA1 and TRPV4 expression and prevented paclitaxel‐induced pain.ConclusionThese results suggest that paclitaxel activation of TLR‐4 to cause release of TNF‐α from satellite glial cells increases the expression of TRPA1 and TRPV4 in DRG neurons to cause neuropathic pain.
The Use of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) to Cross‐link Penicillinase for the Fabrication of a Penicillin Potentiometric Biosensor
Authors: Ismail Fatima , Adeloju Samuel B. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractChemically cross‐linked PVA films are permeable matrices for the fabrication of biosensors. PVA provides an attractive immobilisation method as it preserves the enzymatic activity. Penicillinase (P’nase) was cross‐linked with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The optimum conditions for the of BSA‐PVA‐P’nase film were: 2.5 % w/v PVA, 0.006 % w/v BSA, 2.4 mM penicillin (Pen) and 16 U/mL P’nase. The minimum detectable concentration was 1.7 µM. The linear concentration range obtained for the BSA‐PVA film was 7.5–283 µM. The BSA‐PVA P’nase biosensor detected penicillin in amoxycillin with an average percentage recovery of 97±12 %. Higher penicillin concentrations (10–20 ppm) were detected more successfully than lower concentrations (≤5 ppm). These results indicate that further work is required to enable the successful detection of lower penicillin concentrations such as 5 ppm.
A highly efficient nonchemical method for isolating live nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) from soil during toxicity assays
Authors: Kim Shin Woong , Moon Jongmin , An Youn-Joo 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

The success of soil toxicity tests using Caenorhabditis elegans may depend in large part on recovering the organisms from the soil. However, it can be difficult to learn the International Organization for Standardization/ASTM International recovery process that uses the colloidal silica flotation method. The present study determined that a soil-agar isolation method provides a highly efficient and less technically demanding alternative to the colloidal silica flotation method. Test soil containing C. elegans was arranged on an agar plate in a donut shape, a linear shape, or a C curve; and microbial food was placed outside the soil to encourage the nematodes to leave the soil. The effects of ventilation and the presence of food on nematode recovery were tested to determine the optimal conditions for recovery. A linear arrangement of soil on an agar plate that was sprinkled with microbial food produced nearly 83% and 90% recovery of live nematodes over a 3-h and a 24-h period, respectively, without subjecting the nematodes to chemical stress. The method was tested using copper (II) chloride dihydrate, and the resulting recovery rate was comparable to that obtained using colloidal silica flotation. The soil-agar isolation method portrayed in the present study enables live nematodes to be isolated with minimal additional physicochemical stress, making it a valuable option for use in subsequent sublethal tests where live nematodes are required. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:208–213. © 2014 SETAC
Analogue joint source‐channel coding for multiple input multiple output–orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems
Authors: Fresnedo O. , Vazquez‐Araujo F. J. , Castedo L. , Garcia‐Frias J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAnalogue joint source‐channel coding (JSCC) has been shown to approach the optimal distortion‐cost trade‐off when transmitting over additive white Gaussian noise channels. In this work, we consider analogue JSCC over frequency‐selective channels using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation and multiple antennas at transmission and/or reception, that is, using a multiple input multiple output(MIMO)‐OFDM system. Because of its high complexity, optimal Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) analogue JSCC decoding is infeasible in MIMO‐OFDM systems and a practical two‐stage decoding approach made up of an MMSE estimator followed by a maximum likelihood decoder is proposed instead. Three different alternatives for system optimisation are considered: non‐adaptive coding, adaptive coding and adaptive coding with precoding. We show that the three considered strategies approach the optimal distortion‐cost trade‐off, but the best performance is obtained with the adaptive coding scheme when precoding is utilised. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simplified correlations of gypsum board thermal properties for simulation tools
Authors: Semitelos Georgios K. , Mandilaras Ioannis D. , Kontogeorgos Dimos A. , Founti Maria A. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe current work proposes for the first time an integrated set of simplified correlations for the thermal properties, i.e. effective thermal conductivity, effective specific heat and effective density, of commercial gypsum boards as a function of temperature that can be easily incorporated in dedicated computational tools in order to simulate the fire behavior of a gypsum board. The proposed correlations are based on experimental data purposely performed in the frame of this work, as well as on literature experimental data and theoretical approximations. The applicability and the accuracy of the correlations are established by simulating the fire behavior of various types of gypsum boards exposed to different fire conditions. For the validation of the developed correlations, an in‐house developed code is utilized, taking into account thermal properties produced by the proposed correlations. The predictions are compared with two published sets of experimental data, as well as with one experimental data set performed in the current work. The results indicate that the proposed correlations can be reliably utilized in computational tools in order to accurately predict the fire behavior of commercial gypsum boards. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using radiometric fingerprinting and phosphorus to elucidate sediment transport dynamics in an agricultural watershed
Authors: Lamba Jasmeet , Karthikeyan K. G. , Thompson A. M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe major goals of this study were to determine stream bed sediment erosion/deposition rates, sediment age, percent ‘new’ sediment, and suspended sediment origin during two storm events of contrasting magnitudes (11.9 mm over 5 h and 58.9 mm over 39 h) using fallout radionuclides (excess lead 210 – 210Pbxs and beryllium 7 – 7Be) and link the nature and type of sediment source contributions to potential phosphorus (P) off‐site transport. The study was conducted in cropland‐dominated and mixed land use subwatersheds in the non‐glaciated Pleasant Valley watershed (50 km2) in South Central Wisconsin. Fine sediment deposition and erosion rates on stream beds varied from 0.76 to 119.29 mg cm−2 day−1 (at sites near the watershed outlet) and 1.72 to 7.72 mg cm−2 day−1 (at sites in the headwaters), respectively, during the two storm events. The suspended sediment age ranged from 123 ± 12 to 234 ± 33 days during the smaller storm event; however, older sediment was more prevalent (p = 0.037) in the streams during the larger event with suspended sediment age ranging from 226 ± 9 to 322 ± 114 days. During the small and large storm event, percent new sediment in suspended sediment ranged from 5.3 ± 2.1 to 21.0 ± 2.9% and 5.3 ± 2.7 to 6.7 ± 5.7%, respectively. In the cropland‐dominated subwatershed, upland soils were the major source of suspended sediment, whereas in the mixed land use subwatershed, both uplands and stream banks had relatively similar contributions to suspended sediment. In‐stream (suspended and bed) sediment P levels ranged from 703 ± 193 to 963 ± 84 mg kg−1 during the two storm events. The P concentrations in suspended and bed sediment were reflective of the dominant sediment source (upland or stream bank or mixed). Overall, sediment transport dynamics showed significant variability between subwatersheds of different land use characteristics during two contrasting storm events. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Moore Graphs and Cycles Are Extremal Graphs for Convex Cycles
Authors: Azarija Jernej , Klavžar Sandi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLet denote the number of convex cycles of a simple graph G of order n, size m, and girth . It is proved that and that equality holds if and only if G is an even cycle or a Moore graph. The equality also holds for a possible Moore graph of diameter 2 and degree 57 thus giving a new characterization of Moore graphs.
Feasibility of fast track discharge in breast cancer patients undergoing definitive surgery and impact on quality of life: A prospective study from tertiary care center in India
Authors: Paswan Shiv Shankar , Kataria Kamal , Parshad Rajinder , Srivastava Anurag , Seenu Vuthaluru , Mishra Biplab 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and impact of fast track discharge in patients undergoing definitive breast cancer surgery.MethodsOne hundred six breast cancer patients older than 20 years of age were assigned to undergo definitive breast cancer surgery. It was ensured that enrolled patients had a ready access to hospital, reasonable home circumstances. They were assessed by using post‐anesthesia discharge scoring system (PADSS) for fast track discharge. Quality of life both in preoperative and postoperative period was assessed by Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Breast cancer version 4 (FACT‐B4) questionnaires.ResultOverall 90 patients (84.9%) were fit for fast track discharge. Eighty‐nine patients (83.96%) were successfully discharged within 48 hr. One patient (0.94%) could not be discharged despite being fit as she was of concern that it would put too much responsibility on the family. Mean duration of postoperative hospital stay in patients fit for fast track surgery was 42.27 ± 5.73 hr with a median of 44 hr. All patients undergoing breast conservation could be discharged on fast track basis with a mean postoperative hospital stay of 32.12 hr.ConclusionFast track discharges in breast cancer patients after definitive surgery are feasible in Indian setting. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:265–269. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Shock Tube Study of Dimethylamine Oxidation
Authors: Li Sijie , Davidson David F. , Hanson Ronald K. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTDimethylamine (DMA) ignition delay times and OH time histories during the oxidation process were investigated behind reflected shock waves. The ignition delay time measurements cover the temperature range of 1181–1498 K, with pressures near 0.9, 1.5, and 2.8 atm, and equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1, and 2, in 4% oxygen/argon. The ignition delay time data feature low scatter and can be correlated to a single expression with 2 ∼ 0.99: τign = 7.30 × 10−4 −0.68 Φ0.45 exp(18,265/), where τign is in μs, in atm, and in K. OH time histories were measured using laser absorption of the R1(5) line of the A‐X(0,0) transition near 306.7 nm, in stoichiometric mixtures of 500 ppm DMA/O2/argon. The mechanism developed by Li et al. was used initially to simulate the measured DMA ignition delay times and the OH time histories. The Li et al. mechanism was then updated by adding the DMA unimolecular decomposition channel: DMA = CH3NH + CH3, with the reaction rate constant estimated by analogy to dimethyl ether decomposition, previously investigated by Cook et al. The reactions of DMA + OH were also updated based on recent work in our laboratory. The simulation results using the modified Li et al. mechanism are in good agreement with both the ignition delay times and OH time‐history data.
Septic thrombosis of the internal jugular vein: Lemierre's syndrome revisited
Authors: Schubert Adrian D. , Hotz Michel‐André , Caversaccio Marco D. , Arnold Andreas 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisStudy of the clinical evolution of a primary ear, nose, and throat infection complicated by septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein.Study DesignRetrospective case‐control study.Patients and MethodsFrom 1998 to 2010, 23 patients at our institution were diagnosed with a septic thrombosis of the internal jugular vein. Diagnostics included microbiologic analysis and imaging such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound. Therapy included broad‐spectrum antibiotics, surgery of the primary infectious lesion, and postoperative anticoagulation. The patients were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe primary infection sites were found in the middle ear (11), oropharynx (8), sinus (3), and oral cavity (1). Fourteen patients needed intensive care unit treatment for a mean duration of 6 days. Seven patients were intubated, and two developed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. An oropharynx primary infection site was most prone to a prolonged clinical evolution. Anticoagulation therapy was given in 90% of patients. All 23 patients survived the disseminated infection without consecutive systemic morbidity.ConclusionIn the pre‐antibiotic time, septic internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis was a highly fatal condition with a mortality rate of 90%. Modern imaging techniques allow early and often incidental diagnosis of this clinically hidden complication. Anticoagulation, intensive antibiotic therapy assisted by surgery of the primary infection site, and intensive supportive care can reach remission rates of 100%.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 125:863–868, 2015
Cerebral oximetry monitoring during sinus endoscopy
Authors: Heller Joshua A. , DeMaria Samuel , Govindaraj Satish , Lin Hung‐Mo , Fischer Gregory W. , Evans Adam , Weiner Menachem M. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisDeliberate hypotension, reverse Trendelenburg position, and hyperventilation are techniques utilized during functional endoscopic sinus surgery to attempt to reduce surgical bleeding. These methods may predispose patients to cerebral ischemia. Cerebral oximetry has not been investigated extensively within otolaryngologic surgery. Our study sought to address the question of whether cerebral oximetry is feasible in the FESS population and evaluate whether the data provided may be useful in the assessment of cerebral perfusion.Study DesignProspective, blinded, observational trial.MethodsWe designed a prospective, blinded, observational trial of patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery using cerebral oximetry monitoring. Collected data included mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), end‐tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), cerebral saturation (SctO2), postanesthesia care unit (PACU) length of stay, and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).ResultsThirty‐one subjects were enrolled into the study. Univariate analyses showed cross‐correlation between concurrent EtCO2 values and SctO2 of 0.43 (95% CI: 0.27 to 0.59) and between present EtCO2 and the SctO2 5 minutes later of 0.46 (95% CI: 0.33 to 0.59). MAP was not significantly cross‐correlated with SctO2. Patients who had an SctO2 below 60% at any time had a median (interquartile range [IQR]) PACU length of stay of 167 (IQR, 95–386) minutes. Patients whose cerebral saturation did not fall below 60% at any time had a median PACU length of stay of 103 (IQR, 76–155) minutes. This difference did not reach statistical significance (P = .257). The median (IQR) maximum decline in SctO2 for patients with PONV was 11.2% (IQR, 8.2%–13.1%) and for patients without PONV was 7.1% (IQR, 5.1%–9.8%) (P = .126).ConclusionsCerebral oximetry monitoring was feasible during functional endoscopic sinus surgery. This study demonstrated a cross‐correlation between EtCO2 and SctO2, but not MAP and SctO2. A longer PACU length of stay and higher rate of PONV were seen but did not reach statistical significance.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 125:E127–E131, 2015
Land use Change, a Case Study from Southern Italy: General Implications for Agricultural Subsidy Policies
Authors: Shelef Oren , Stavi Ilan , Zdruli Pandi , Rachmilevitch Shimon 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFor many years, farmers across Italy have struggled to convert rocky landforms into farmlands. Recently, expensive, heavy machineries have been widely used for these activities, exaggerating costs on land preparation. Subsidised by the Italian authorities, nearly 20% of Apulia lands in southern Italy have been converted to farmland through these methods. Recent evidence shows that in the short term, rock grinding enriches the soil with nutrients and improves soil quality. However, over the long run, land degradation and ecosystem service deterioration become prominent, resulting in the abandonment of extensive lands. This Italian case study should be considered as an alarming example of the possible detrimental effects of the national subsidies policy that supports the conversion of natural landforms into agricultural lands. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The views of European clinicians on guidelines for long‐term follow‐up of childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Brown Morven C. , Levitt Gillian A. , Frey Eva , Bárdi Edit , Haupt Riccardo , Hjorth Lars , Kremer Leontien , Kuehni Claudia E. , Lettner Christina , Mulder Renée L. , Michel Gisela , Skinner Roderick ,   on behalf of the PanCareSurFup Consortium
Published: November 2014

BackgroundEvidence‐based guidelines are needed to guide effective long‐term follow‐up (LTFU) of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) at risk of late adverse effects (LAEs). We aimed to ascertain the use of LTFU guidelines throughout Europe, and seek views on the need for pan‐European LTFU guidelines.ProceduresOne expert clinician from each of 44 European countries was invited to participate in an online survey. Information was sought regarding the use and content of LTFU guidelines in the respondent's centre and country, and their views about developing pan‐European LTFU guidelines.ResultsThirty‐one countries (70%) responded, including 24 of 26 full EU countries (92%). LTFU guidelines were implemented nationally in 17 countries (55%). All guidelines included recommendations about physical LAEs, specific risk groups and frequency of surveillance, and the majority about psychosocial LAEs (70%), and healthy lifestyle promotion (65%). A minority of guidelines described recommendations about transition to age‐appropriate LTFU services (22%), where LTFU should be performed (22%) and by whom (30%). Most respondents (94%) agreed on the need for pan‐European LTFU guidelines, specifically including recommendations about surveillance for specific physical LAEs (97%), action to be taken if a specific LAE is detected (90%), minimum requirements for LTFU (93%), transition and health promotion (both 87%).ConclusionsGuidelines are not universally used throughout Europe. However, there is strong support for developing pan‐European LTFU guidelines for CCS. PanCareSurFup (www.pancare.eu) will collaborate with partners to develop such guidelines, including recommendations for hitherto relatively neglected topics, such as minimum LTFU requirements, transition and health promotion. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:322–328. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of survival at adult versus pediatric treatment centers for rare pediatric tumors in an adolescent and young adult (AYA) population in the state of Georgia
Authors: Cash Thomas , Qayed Muna , Ward Kevin C. , Mertens Ann C. , Rapkin Louis 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundThe type of treatment center where 15–21‐year‐old adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with rare pediatric tumors achieve their best clinical outcome is unknown.ProcedureWe performed a retrospective analysis using the Georgia Cancer Registry (GCR) of 15–21‐year old patients with a malignant, rare pediatric tumor diagnosed during the period from 2000–2009. Patients were identified as being treated at one of five Georgia pediatric cancer centers or at an adult center. Data were analyzed for 10 year overall survival, patient characteristics associated with death, and patient characteristics present at diagnosis associated with choice of treatment center.ResultsThere was a total of 479 patients in our final study population, of which 379 (79.1%) were treated at an adult center and 100 (20.9%) were treated at a pediatric center. Patients treated at an adult center had a 10 year overall survival of 86% compared to 85% for patients treated at a pediatric center (P = 0.31). Race and poverty were not significantly associated with death. Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (OR = 7.38; 95% CI = 2.30–23.75) and ‘other carcinomas' (OR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.25–5.60) were more likely to be treated at a pediatric center. Patients with higher‐stage disease (OR = 4.24; 95% CI = 1.71–10.52) and higher poverty (OR = 2.32; 95% CI = 1.23–4.37) were also more likely to be treated at a pediatric center.ConclusionOur data suggest that there is no difference in survival for 15–21‐year old patients with rare pediatric tumors when treated at an adult or pediatric center. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:456–462. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and asymmetric anionic polymerization of substituted 7‐aryl‐2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone methides
Authors: Uno Takahiro , Ohta Hiroshi , Yamane Atsushi , Kubo Masataka , Itoh Takahito 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTSubstituted 7‐aryl‐2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone methides which have an electron‐donating methoxy substituent at the para‐position (p‐OMe, 2a) or an electron‐withdrawing chloro one at the para‐ (p‐Cl, 2b), meta‐ (m‐Cl, 2c), and ortho‐positions (o‐Cl, 2d) of the benzene ring were synthesized, and their asymmetric anionic polymerizations using the complex of lithium 4‐isopropylphenoxide with (−)‐sparteine were carried out in toluene at 0 °C. The polymers with negative specific rotation were obtained for all of four monomers, and the polymer obtained from 2a showed smaller specific rotation value than that of polymer having no substituent (p‐H, 1) on the phenyl group and the polymers obtained from 2b–d showed larger ones. It was found that the kind of a substituent and its substitution position on the phenyl group affect significantly the optical activity of polymers. The largest specific rotation value of [α]435= −153.2° was obtained in the polymerization of 2d with an ortho‐chloro substituent. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 437–444