bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential activation of placental unfolded protein response pathways implies heterogeneity in causation of early‐ and late‐onset pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Yung Hong Wa , Atkinson Daniel , Campion‐Smith Tim , Olovsson Matts , Charnock‐Jones D Stephen , Burton Graham J 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBased on gestational age at diagnosis and/or delivery, pre‐eclampsia (PE) is commonly divided into early‐onset (<34 weeks) and late‐onset (≥34 weeks) forms. Recently, the distinction between ‘placental’ and ‘maternal’ causation has been proposed, with ‘placental’ cases being more frequently associated with early‐onset and intrauterine growth restriction. To test whether molecular placental pathology varies according to clinical presentation, we investigated stress‐signalling pathways, including unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, MAPK stress pathways, heat‐shock proteins and AMPKα in placentae delivered by caesarean section for clinical indications at different gestational ages. Controls included second‐trimester, pre‐term and normal‐term placentae. BeWo cells were used to investigate how these pathways react to different severities of hypoxia–reoxygenation (H/R) and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Activation of placental UPR and stress‐response pathways, including P‐IRE1α, ATF6, XBP‐1, GRP78 and GRP94, P‐p38/p38 and HSP70, was higher in early‐onset PE than in both late‐onset PE and normotensive controls (NTCs), with a clear inflection around 34 weeks. Placentae from ≥ 34 weeks PE and NTC were indistinguishable. Levels of UPR signalling were similar between second‐trimester and term controls, but were significantly higher in pre‐term ‘controls’ delivered vaginally for chorioamnionitis and other conditions. Severe H/R (1/20% O2) induced equivalent activation of UPR pathways, including P‐eIF2α, ATF6, P‐IRE1α, GRP78 and GRP94, in BeWo cells. By contrast, the pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL‐1β induced only mild activation of P‐eIF2α and GRP78. AKT, a central regulator of cell proliferation, was reduced in the < 34 weeks PE placentae and severe H/R‐treated cells, but not in other conditions. These findings provide the first molecular evidence that placental stress may contribute to the pathophysiology of early‐onset pre‐eclampsia, whereas that is unlikely to be the case in the late‐onset form of the syndrome. © 2014 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Adhesive bonding for mechanically stacked solar cells
Authors: Mathews Ian , O'Mahony Donagh , Thomas Kevin , Pelucchi Emanuele , Corbett Brian , Morrison Alan P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMechanically stacked solar cells formed using adhesive bonding are proposed as a route to high‐efficiency devices as they enable the combination of a wide range of materials and bandgaps. The concept involves adhesive bonding of subcells using polymeric materials widely used in semiconductor processing and outlines how the absolute efficiency can be maximised by optimisation of the adhesive layer thickness and optical matching of the adhesive layer with both the subcells and their anti‐reflection coatings. A dual‐junction, GaAs‐InGaAs, mechanically stacked solar cell is demonstrated using a benzocyclobutene adhesive layer with a measured PV conversion efficiency of 25.2% under 1‐sun AM1.5G conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Employing microsecond pulses to form laser‐fired contacts in photovoltaic devices
Authors: Raghavan Ashwin S. , Palmer Todd A. , Kragh‐Buetow Katherine C. , Domask Anna C. , Reutzel Edward W. , Mohney Suzanne E. , DebRoy Tarasankar 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLaser‐fired contacts (LFCs) are typically fabricated with nanosecond pulse durations despite the fact that extremely precise and costly control of the process is necessary to prevent significant ablation of the aluminum metallization layer. Microsecond pulse durations offer the advantage of reduced metal expulsion and can be implemented with diffractive optics to process multiple contacts simultaneously and meet production demands. In this work, the influence of changes in laser processing parameters on contact morphology, resistance, and composition when using microsecond pulses has been fully evaluated. Simulated and experimental results indicate that contacts are hemispherical or half‐ellipsoidal in shape. In addition, the resolidified contact region is composed of a two‐phase aluminum–silicon microstructure that grows from the single‐crystal silicon wafer during resolidification. As a result, the total contact resistance is governed by the interfacial contact area for a three‐dimensional contact geometry rather than the planar contact area at the aluminum–silicon interface in the passivation layer opening. The results also suggest that for two LFCs with the same size top surface diameter, the contact produced with a smaller beam size will have a 25–37% lower contact resistance, depending on the LFC diameter, because of a larger contact area at the LFC/wafer interface. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pyromellitic diimide‐based copolymers for ambipolar field‐effect transistors: Synthesis, characterization, and device applications
Authors: Shao Jinjun , Chang Jingjing , Dai Gaole , Chi Chunyan 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTA pyromellitic diimide building block, 2,6‐bis(2‐decyltetradecyl)−4,8‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrrolo[3,4‐f]isoindole‐1,3,5,7(2H,6H)‐tetraone (4), is synthesized. Based on this building block and other electron‐rich units such as 2,2′‐bithiophene, thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene and 4,8‐bis(dodecyloxy)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene, three conjugated polymers P1, P2, and P3 are prepared in good yield via Stille coupling polymerization. These new copolymers have good solubility in common organic solvents and exhibit good thermal stability. The optical, electrochemical, and thermal properties of these polymers P1–P3 are carefully investigated, and their applications in solution‐processed organic field‐effect transistors are also studied. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 2454–2464
Thiol‐ene and thiol‐yne‐based synthesis of glycodendrimers as nanomolar inhibitors of wheat germ agglutinin
Authors: Ghirardello Mattia , Öberg Kim , Staderini Samuele , Renaudet Olivier , Berthet Nathalie , Dumy Pascal , Hed Yvonne , Marra Alberto , Malkoch Michael , Dondoni Alessandro 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTAlkene and alkyne functional polyester‐based dendrimers of generation 1 to 4 have been prepared and reacted under free‐radical conditions with 2‐acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐1‐thio‐β‐D‐glucose (GlcNAc‐SH). As the alkene‐dendrimers underwent the addition of one thiyl radical per ene group whereas each yne group of alkyne‐dendrimers was saturated by two thiyl radicals, a collection of glycodendrimers with glycan density ranging from six to ninety‐six GlcNAc per dendrimer was obtained. The recognition properties of the prepared glycodendrimers toward the wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) were evaluated by enzyme‐linked lectin assay (ELLA). The eight glycodendrimers were excellent ligands showing IC50 values in the nanomolar range and relative potencies per sugar unit up to 2.27 e6 when compared to monosaccharidic GlcNAc used as monovalent reference. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 2422–2433
Patterns and predictors of antidepressant use in ambulatory cancer patients with common solid tumors
Authors: Fisch Michael J. , Zhao Fengmin , Manola Judith , Miller Andrew H. , Pirl William F. , Wagner Lynne I. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPurposeDepressive symptoms and antidepressant use are prevalent among cancer patients. We sought to identify determinants of prescribing commonly used antidepressants.Patients and methodsThis multi‐institutional study enrolled 3106 ambulatory patients with cancer of the breast, prostate, colon/rectum, or lung. Five case‐finding methods were used to identify patients with depressive symptoms. Logistic models were used to examine factors that impact antidepressant use.ResultsApproximately, 47% of patients were defined as having depressive symptoms. Clinicians rated being sad/depressed as one of the top three priority problems for 10.5% of patients. Antidepressants were prescribed in 19% of all patients, 25% with depressive symptoms and 14% nondepressed patients. After adjusting for other covariates, these variable categories were significantly associated with greater use of antidepressants: depressive symptoms, family history of depression, concurrent medication use, cancer treatment status, and certain other clinical and demographic variables. The strongest individual predictors were concurrent use of more than 10 medications (odds ratio [OR] = 3.3), a family history of depression (OR = 2.2), sedative use (OR = 2.1), non‐Hispanic white race (OR = 2.0), and anxiolytics use (OR = 2.0).ConclusionsDepressive symptoms are found in nearly half of outpatients with cancer, and one‐fourth of patients with depressive symptoms are taking an antidepressant. Patients receiving antidepressants are more often those taking multiple medications, those with a depression diathesis, and those with more extensive cancer treatment. Patients who were younger, white, and female were also more likely to be taking antidepressants. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the needs of informal caregivers to cancer survivors: a review of the instruments
Authors: Prue Gillian , Santin Olinda , Porter Sam 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveCancer may impact negatively on an informal caregiver's health long after treatment has ended. This review identifies the self‐report measures currently in use to measure caregivers need for support and determines their scientific soundness and clinical utility.MethodA systematic electronic database search of Medline, CINAHL, PsychINFO, BNI ProQuest was conducted. The psychometric properties and clinical utility of needs assessment tools for caregivers of cancer survivors (excluding advanced disease) were extracted and summarised.ResultsSeven cancer survivor caregiver needs assessment tools were identified. Data on instrument development was well reported, although variability was noted in their structure and content. The majority demonstrated some degree of reliability and validity; only two were evaluated for test–retest reliability (CaSPUN and SPUNS) with only the SPUNS showing a high degree of reliability over time. The Health Care Needs Survey (HCNS), Needs Assessment of Family Caregivers‐Cancer (NAFC‐C) and Cancer Caregiving Tasks Consequences and Needs Questionnaire (CaTCoN) have been validated at various stages of the cancer continuum. Minimal data was available on responsiveness.ConclusionAll assessment tools identified require further psychometric analysis. For research purposes, the use of the SPUNS (with its acceptable test–retest reliability) appears most appropriate; although its length may be of concern for clinical use; therefore, the shorter SCNS‐P&C is likely to be more suitable for use clinically. At present, the NAFC‐C demonstrates a great potential in both the research and clinical environments; however, it requires further psychometric testing before it can be fully recommended. Further analysis is necessary on ideal response formats and the meaning of a total needs score. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gait Changes with Balance‐Based Torso‐Weighting in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Gorgas Anna‐Maria , Widener Gail L. , Gibson‐Horn Cynthia , Allen Diane D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground and PurposePeople with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) commonly have mobility impairments that may lead to falls and limitations in activities. Physiotherapy interventions that might improve mobility typically take several weeks. Balance‐based torso‐weighting (BBTW), a system of strategically placing light weights to improve response to balance perturbations, has resulted in immediate small improvements in clinical measures in PwMS, but changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters are unknown. The purpose was to investigate the effects of BBTW on gait parameters in PwMS and healthy controls.MethodsDesignThis study is a non‐randomized controlled experiment.ParticipantsThis study included 20 PwMS and 20 matched healthy controlsProceduresPeople with multiple sclerosis walked on an instrumented mat at their fastest speed for three trials each in two conditions: without BBTW then with BBTW. Healthy controls walked in both conditions at two speeds: their fastest speed and at velocities equivalent to their matched PwMS.ResultsAveraged gait trials showed that, with BBTW, PwMS had significantly increased velocity (p = 0.002), cadence (p = 0.007) and time spent in single‐limb support (p = 0.014), with decreased time in double‐limb support (p = 0.004). Healthy controls increased velocity (p = 0.012) and cadence (p = 0.015) and decreased support base (p = 0.014) in fast trials with BBTW; at matched velocities, step length (p = 0.028) and support base (p = 0.006) were significantly different from PwMS. All gait variables in healthy controls at fast speeds were significantly different from PwMS walking at their fastest speeds.DiscussionAll participants showed increases in gait velocity and cadence during fast walk with BBTW. Improvements in time spent in single‐limb and double‐limb support by PwMS with BBTW may reflect greater stability in gait. Future research might ascertain if these immediate improvements could enhance effectiveness of longer‐term physiotherapy on functional mobility in PwMS. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐War Migration Flows and Disparities in Mortality from Age 50 Years Onwards: the Case of Turin in Italy
Authors: Zarulli Virginia 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCompositional changes due to internal migration can modify the distribution of health outcomes, death rates, and socio‐economic characteristics of a specific geographical area. Migration flows may affect patterns of socio‐economic inequalities in mortality as well. However, despite these inequalities being an important social and geopolitical feature of an area, there is still little empirical evidence on this effect. This paper contributes to deepening the knowledge about this phenomenon by investigating whether post‐war internal migration in Italy affected the pattern of mortality inequality by socio‐economic status, from age 50 years onwards, in Turin, one of the main industrial areas of the country, to which many low‐educated individuals from the southern regions migrated, seeking jobs in the car factories. Migrants might be selected in terms of robustness because of the healthy migrant effect. However, low‐educated individuals are employed in heavier and riskier jobs. They thus undergo a faster health selection due to exposure to a higher mortality risk that selects the most robust individuals. This paper hypothesised that the interplay of these mechanisms might have produced a homogenisation process towards robustness of the population by reducing the unobserved heterogeneity in survival chances and that these processes affected men more than women, because women were likely to be more passive actors in the migratory decisions and less heavily involved in the industrialisation process. The results show that women have higher levels of heterogeneity in susceptibility to death and wider differentials mortality by education level than men, which both support the hypotheses. © 2014 The Authors.Population, Space and Place. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian Control Chart for Nonconformities
Authors: Raubenheimer L. , van der Merwe A.J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe c‐chart or the control chart for nonconformities is designed for the case where one deals with the number of defects or nonconformities observed. A control chart can be developed for the total or average number of nonconformities per unit, which is well modeled by the Poisson distribution. In this paper the c‐chart will be studied, where the usual operation of the c‐chart will be extended by introducing a Bayesian approach for the c‐chart. Control chart limits, average run lengths, and false alarm rates will be determined by using a Bayesian method. These results will be compared with the results obtained when using the classical (frequentist) method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brief report: The Utrecht‐Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U‐MICS): Gender and age measurement invariance and convergent validity of the Turkish version
Authors: Morsunbul Umit , Crocetti Elisabetta , Cok Figen , Meeus Wim 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the factor structure and convergent validity of the Turkish version of the Utrecht‐Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U‐MICS). Participants were 1201 (59.6% females) youth aged between 12 and 24 years (Mage = 17.53 years, SDage = 3.25). Results indicated that the three‐factor model consisting of commitment, in‐depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment provided a very good fit to the data and applied equally well to boys and girls as well as to three age groups (early adolescents, middle adolescents, and emerging adults). Significant relations between identity processes and self‐concept clarity, personality, internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors, and parental relationships supported convergent validity. Thus, the Turkish version of U‐MICS is a reliable tool for assessing identity in Turkish‐speaking respondents.
Unique effects of different components of trait emotional intelligence in traditional bullying and cyberbullying
Authors: Baroncelli Andrea , Ciucci Enrica 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThis study investigated whether different components of trait emotional intelligence (or trait emotional self‐efficacy) were uniquely related to traditional bullying and cyberbullying in a sample of 529 preadolescents (mean age of 12 years and 7 months), while controlling for the other forms of bullying/victimization. Binary logistic regressions showed that the dimension of emotional intelligence concerning the regulation and use of emotions was negatively related both to traditional bullying and cyberbullying; however, this association did not emerge when traditional bullying was controlled for cyberbullying, whilst it still emerged when cyberbullying was controlled for traditional bullying and both forms of victimization. Differently, the dimensions concerning appraisal of own and others' emotions were not deficient in children performing bullying and/or cyberbullying behaviors. Despite high co‐occurrence between traditional and electronic bullying, our results suggested that these two forms are distinct phenomena, involving different personality traits. Implications for interventions are discussed.
Clinical Image Quality in Daily Practice of Breast Cancer Mammography Screening
Authors: Guertin Marie-Hélène , Théberge Isabelle , Dufresne Michel-Pierre , Zomahoun Hervé Tchala Vignon , Major Diane , Tremblay Richard , Ricard Carmen , Shumak Rene , Wadden Nancy , Pelletier Éric , Brisson Jacques 
Published: June 2014

Objective To assess the quality of screening mammograms performed in daily practice in the Quebec Breast Cancer Screening Program. Subjects and Methods Clinical image quality of a random subsample of 197 screening mammograms performed in 2004-2005 was independently evaluated by 2 radiologists based on the criteria by Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR). When disagreement occurred for overall judgement or positioning score, the mammograms were reviewed by a third radiologist. Cohen's kappas for interrater agreement were computed. Multivariable robust Poisson regression models were used to study associations of overall quality and positioning with body mass index (BMI) and breast density. Results The CAR criteria were not satisfied for 49.7% of the mammograms. Positioning was the quality attribute most often deficient, with 37.2% of mammograms failing positioning. Interrater agreement ranged from slight (kappa = 0.02 for compression and sharpness) to fair (kappa = 0.30 for exposure). For overall quality, women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 had a failure proportion of 67.5% compared with 34.9% for women with a BMI<25 kg/m2 (risk ratio 2.1 [95% confidence interval, 1.5-3.0]). For positioning, women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 had a failure proportion of 53.8% compared with 27.9% for women with a BMI < 25 kg/m2 (risk ratio 1.9 [95% confidence interval, 1.2-3.1]). Effects of breast density on image quality differed among radiologists. Conclusion Despite measures to ensure high-quality imaging, including CAR accreditation, approximately half of this random sample of screening mammograms failed the CAR quality standards. It would be important to define quality targets for screening mammograms carried out in daily practice to interpret such observations.
Comparison between infliximab and adalimumab in the treatment of perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease
Authors: dos Santos Carlos Henrique Marques 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction The fistulizing form of Crohn's disease (CD) represents a great challenge regarding treatment, especially perianal fistulas, for its high prevalence.
Objective To assess factors related to the response to surgical treatment associated with anti-TNF inpatients with CD and perianal fistulas.
Method Retrospective study of patients with CD and perianal fistulas who used IFX or ADA in association with surgical treatment.
Results 30 patients with a mean age of 35 years were studied; 16 were treated with ADA (9 ADA + AZA) and 14 with IFX (10 IFX + AZA); ten of those treated with ADA responded, and of the six non-respondents, only one responded to IFX; eight responded to IFX, and among those non-respondents, no one showed response with ADA; among the respondents, there were 10 men and nine women; of those non-respondents, eight were men and 3 women; of those under 40 years, 16 responded compared with only three non-respondents; of those over 40 years, three responded versus eight non-respondents; as to the time elapsed between the onset of the disease and the beginning of anti-TNF, 14 (<2 years), one (2–5 years) and four (>5 years) responded, and five (<2 years), four (2–5 years) and two (>5 years) were non-respondents.
Conclusion There was no difference in response between the anti-TNF agents used; a better response was noted in those who used anti-TNF in combination with azathioprine, among women, in those under 40 years and in those treated within two years of the onset of the disease.
Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) for local excision of selected rectal neoplasms: efficacy and outcomes in the first 11 patients
Authors: Sevá-Pereira Gustavo , Romagnolo Luis Gustavo Capochin , de Oliveira Filho Joaquim José , Bolzam-Nascimento Ricardo , de Moraes Sandra Pedroso , Ribeiro Gabriela Domingues Andrade 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDisposable single-port surgery devices have been used for transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) with benefits, when compared to local resection and transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM).Objective To show outcomes and details of the technique.Method A series of patients with indication for local resection of rectal tumors were submitted to surgery using the TAMIS platform.Results Eleven patients have been submitted to TAMIS. Distance from anal verge was from 1.5 to 8 cm and maximum tumor diameter was 6 cm. Initial diagnosis of adenoma was the most frequent indication for resection. One partial dehiscence was the only complication seen. Minimal setup time, low cost and the possibility of using regular laparoscopic instruments make TAMIS a good option for transanal resection. The results of this technique are encouraging, concerning the feasibility, maneuverability, upfront cost, setup time, resectability and complication rate. Because of its simplicity and similarity with conventional laparoscopic surgery, it can be learned easily. Although at the present time the appropriate use of local excision is still under debate, TAMIS is a technique that still expects a lot of growing and much remains to be learned.