bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Green Revolution: Predicting CO2 Emission and Fuel Economy of Vehicles for a Sustainable Future
Authors: Osuagwu O. C. , Ejehu O. S. , Akalazu C. U. , Moghanloo R. G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this dynamic and ever-evolving world, the need for sustainable transportation solutions has become increasingly important. This research employs a data-driven approach aimed at the accurate prediction of two pivotal factors in vehicle sustainability: CO2 emissions and fuel economy. Through comprehensive exploratory data analysis, this study unveils significant findings that underscore the influence of vehicle characteristics and fuel types within its scope and tackling the complex problem of modeling environmental efficiency with robust algorithms. In this work, machine learning models were developed, employing a diverse set of algorithms including the Random Forest, Decision Trees, K-Nearest Neighbor and Artificial Neural Network. The models were rigorously evaluated using metrics such as the R2 score and Root Mean Squared Error. Notably, the implementation of cross-validation was integral in assessing model generalization and mitigate overfitting. This research findings show that the KNN and Random Forest models emerged as the most stable and consistent across CO2 predictions. The Decision Tree and Random Forest models emerged as the most stable and consistent across fuel cost predictions. These models have demonstrated high R2 scores, closely matching the actual values and generalizing well across the 10-fold cross validation. Adopting these models could significantly improve environmental impact assessments and support the creation of eco-friendly vehicles. This study advances sustainable transportation by introducing a machine learning approach for improving vehicle emissions and fuel efficiency predictions. The analysis and practical application of the best model offers engineers a novel tool for designing more sustainable vehicles and contributes to the decision-making process regarding environmental policies in the automotive sector.
Implementing Oil and Gas Industry HSE Programs in a Dual Regulatory Framework of the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Sayyadi B. A. , Nwankwo O. K. , Atebe O. J. , Ogionwo E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Petroleum Industry Act 2021 (PIA 2021) introduced distinctions between upstream, midstream, and downstream petroleum operations that were not clear-cut under the former Petroleum Act regime. The Regulatory powers that were largely under the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) were split between the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) to oversee the upstream petroleum industry and the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA) to regulate the midstream and downstream sector. Nevertheless, to effectively regulate oil and gas operations/facilities across the entire industry, both regulators must prioritise the safety of operations/facilities by ensuring that all operational activities are carried out with risks As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP). On that note, the defunct DPR being the sole regulator pre-PIA had previously launched and implemented some flagship HSE programs such as the Offshore Safety Permit (OSP), Safety and Emergency Training Centres (SETCs), Risk Based Inspection (RBI), Safety Case Regime, Annual Facility Inspection/Oil Spill Contingency Plan (OSCP), Annual Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Laboratory Accreditation, Minimum Industry Safety Training for Downstream Operations (MISTDO), and finally the Search, Rescue, and Surveillance (SeRAS) program. This paper aims to examine the delineation between streams to distil the scope of the two regulators and thereafter showcase how some of the flagship Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) programs previously implemented under the defunct DPR should proceed to be implemented going forward in the industry. It was found that the requirements to register separate entities to participate in the various streams and the separation of streams via the natural custody transfer provide clear delineation for the regulators to function without overlaps. Lastly, collaboration between the regulators and stakeholder engagement for policy harmonization was also identified as key to achieving a safe and sustainable industry.
Permeability Estimation of Carbonate Reservoir Using Porosity Partitioning Method: A Case Study of Astaka Carbonate Build-Up, Offshore Sarawak
Authors: Sufian A. , Sidek M. A. , Jaafar M. Z. , Ridzuan N. , Mahat S. Q. A. , Nwaichi P. I. , Ngouangna E. , Yakasai F. , Abbas A. H. , Gbonhinbor J. , Agi A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Carbonate reservoirs hold a significant portion of the world's hydrocarbon resources. However, carbonate reservoirs pose a significant challenge in determining reservoir permeability utilizing standard evaluation techniques. Hence, to correctly estimate the permeability of the carbonate reservoir, an evaluation method that includes pore size distribution information is required. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to improve permeability estimation by incorporating pore size distribution-sensitive measurements into the conventional carbonate evaluation workflow in Astaka carbonate build-up. Herein standard resolution log data with pore size distribution sensitive log data was integrated and augmented by carbonate pore size distribution information from borehole resistivity images utilizing a porosity partitioning method. Thereafter, the porosity partitioning, and permeability analysis results were validated by comparing the calculated permeability with permeability data from modular formation dynamics tester (MDT) permeability. The results showed a good correlation between carbonate permeability and MDT permeability. Hence, the porosity partitioning method improved the permeability estimation in Well B, and a Pickett plot over the water zone provided the value of 0.097 at 102 °C for the formation water resistivity. As a result, the improved workflow offered a more accurate permeability estimation for Astaka carbonate than the conventional approach, which makes the assumption that porosity is inversely proportional to permeability. Therefore, it can be concluded that the improved carbonate evaluation workflow can provide a more reliable and accurate permeability estimate as compared to the conventional evaluation workflow for carbonate reservoirs.
Wellbore Cleaning Efficiency of a Bio-Based Derived Graphene Nanoplatelets Using Water Base Drilling Fluid Formulation
Authors: Yahya Muftahu N. , Norddin M. N. A. M , Ismail Issham , Rasol A. A. A. , Oseh Jeffrey O. , Rasheed A. A. , Yakasai Faruk , Agi Augustine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
There is always an issue with cleaning the holes, especially when drilling is taking place. Drilling fluid is crucial to moving drill cuttings from the wellbore's annular region to the surface. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) surface-modified for usage in aqueous drilling fluids are investigated in this work to tackle these problems. Because it is economical and environmentally benign, a water-based mud (WBM) with modified GNP (GRT) made from rice husk was chosen to carry the cuttings. It is possible to increase hole cleaning efficiency (HCE) by creating drilling fluid with better filtration and rheological characteristics. In a laboratory scale rig simulator inclined at vertical, deviated, and horizontal angles, a 20-foot test section with 1.40–2.00mm cutting size and 0.6–0.8–1.0 L/s mud annular flowrate were used in this experiment. The concentration of the nano additive was adjusted to 0.125, 0.25, and 0.375wt%. The cutting transport ratio rises in tandem with the GRT concentration. A critical angle of 60° was found to lift the fewest cuttings, followed by 30°, 90°, and 0°. When traditional water-based drilling fluids and nano-enhanced drilling fluids were tested for their effectiveness in the cutting's removal process, it was discovered that GRT nano additives improved the cuttings transport efficiency in every experiment. According to the findings, for the various nano-enhanced water-based drilling fluids utilized in this study, the inclusion of GRT in the drilling mud enhanced the colloidal interactions with cuttings and helped to improve cuttings transportation efficiency by 40–72% in the critical hole angle.
Evaluation of the Corrosion Inhibition Potential of Eco-Friendly Kaffir Lime Leaves in Mild Steel Pipelines
Authors: Sulaimon A. A. , Turkson J. , Umar A. A. , Adeyemi B. J. , Balogun A. A. , Akintola S. A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Corrosion is the negative outcome of the chemical interaction between metal or metal alloys and the surroundings. Engineers face myriad challenges in petroleum production and transportation systems because of corrosion. Hence, it is imperative to prevent/mitigate this undesirable process. Hence, the study explored the corrosion inhibition potential of kaffir lime leaf extract (KLLE) on mild steel pipelines. The corrosion inhibition potential of KLLE at different concentrations (0–10000 mg/L) in 1 M HCl was investigated at 298K for 24 hours. KLLE was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and the mild steel surface morphology was examined using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The initial and final weights of six mild steel samples were measured. The weight loss was ascertained to determine the inhibition efficiency, corrosion rate, and surface coverage of KLLE on the mild steel samples. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of KLLE was compared to other inhibitors. EDX revealed the formation of abundant ferric compounds (corrosion promoters) on the mild steel surface in the absence of KLLE. However, KLLE incorporation precluded ferric compound formation by adsorbing to the mild steel surface. KLLE exhibited remarkable performance in inhibiting mild steel corrosion. KLLE yielded an inhibition efficiency and surface coverage of 93.79% and 0.94 respectively at a low concentration of 4000 mg/L. FESEM results also showed a relatively smoother steel surface and fewer pits in the presence of KLLE compared to its absence. KLLE inhibition efficiency surpassed that of other citrus family plant extracts and organic inhibitors. The study provides valuable insights into the exceptional performance of an environmentally friendly extract in mild steel corrosion inhibition. The application could corroborate efforts in minimizing or preventing corrosion in mild steel pipelines.
Optimizing Bubble Point Pressure Prediction in Petroleum Reservoirs Through Ensemble Voting Regressors
Authors: Winner Nmesoma Longinus , Ebenezer Ananiyom Aniyom , Okere Ndubuisi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) properties are crucial in the oil and gas industry for reservoir modeling, reservoir and fluid characterization. Furthermore, these properties, which include, bubble point pressure, dew point pressure, oil formation volume factor, viscosity and more help determine the behavior of hydrocarbons under different conditions, aiding in efficient extraction and processing. With bubble point pressure as the author's main focus, important practices such as facility design for efficient handling of two-phase production, choice of recovery strategies, dictation of gas liberation from reservoir fluids and optimization of production rates, all have this property as their determining factor. However, accurately predicting the bubble point pressure in the oil and gas industry poses a significant challenge, given the time-consuming, expensive, and often inaccurate nature of existing methods like the empirical and experimental approaches. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to present an intelligent system approach of developing an ensemble voting Regressor model for the prediction of bubble point pressure. Trained with 604 data points, from oil fields all over the world, with the input parameters like API oil gravity, gas specific gravity, reservoir temperature, gas-oil ratio, the hybrid model was found to accurately predict bubble point pressure. Also, a comparative analysis, showed that the model outperformed pre-existing correlations with a 92% accuracy. The results of this study help better the understanding of the behavior of hydrocarbon reservoir fluids and further optimizes petroleum extraction processes.
Sustainability of the Petroleum Industry
Authors: Oruwari Humphrey Otombosoba , Obunwa Queen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study examines the sustainability of the petroleum industry. It is focused on the impact of the industry in developing countries. Petroleum is among the various sources of energy that is synonymous with economic growth and prosperity of nations. Despite these benefits, the exploitation and production of petroleum resources in developing countries have called for global concern because of environmental impact among which are air/land/water pollution, deforestation, emission of greenhouse and loss of biodiversity. Sustainable development and environmental protection were hardly the main interests of the principal actors. In either case the underlying objectives of the principal actors, can be summed up essentially as the maximization of their respective investments at the least possible risk. The study adopted a qualitative method, Using literature review in the interpretative research paradigm. Data were collected from secondary sources, arranged into themes and were analyzed for content. The study uses existing secondary data or empirical evidence from different countries to present issues especially in the literature review part. The finding reveals some sustainability strategies for the petroleum industry. The sustainability strategies include collaboration/international cooperation, energy efficiency, fiscal incentives, use of alternative energy source, downstream sector development and provision of storage facilities. it was observed that adopting the sustainability strategies will reduce the intensive and extensive use of petroleum and consequently reduce the negative impact of the petroleum industry. Adopting sustainability's principles or strategies will reduce the negative impact of petroleum exploitation and production. It is recommended that the government should provide an enabling environment for these strategies to be effective.
Water Disposal Options for Small and Stranded Assets in the Niger Delta
Authors: Oko Christopher , Umoh Gabriel , Etim Ntietemi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The conventional produced water disposal options approved under the Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry in Nigeria (EGASPIN) for inland and nearshore assets in Nigeria is water re-injection for reservoir pressure maintenance and injection into disposal wells. Full compliance to these regulatory requirements would need the drilling of injectors, or conversion of old producer wells to injector wells. These traditional practices are however not feasible for small assets with marginally profitable resource volumes, or for stranded assets which require huge investments for evacuation of well fluids to third-party facilities. Such operators are unable to drill injectors due to the massive financial implications of such an operation. One of the ways of overcoming this challenge in a small and stranded asset in the Niger Delta is to consider alternative and innovative water disposal options to manage water production. This paper explores the concept of produced water management in small and/or stranded assets in the oil and gas industry with no proximity to processing infrastructures. The study reviewed the available water management techniques in the oil and gas industry. Furthermore, this study investigated and evaluated alternative water disposal options suitable for small stranded assets in the Niger Delta. The proposed alternative methods include; evaporation (natural, solar-driven, and flare-assisted evaporation), collaborative water disposal arrangement and onsite water treatment and reuse. A techno-economic analysis of the proposed methods was conducted to inform the choice of any of the proposed water disposal methods. The field life considered for the analysis was 15 years. The results showed that the cost of drilling an injector well increased capital expenditure significantly; $945.9 million compared to the alternative disposal methods (evaporation = 376.1 million, collaborative disposal = 258.8 million and membrane distillation = 404.7 million). Analysis showed that adopting evaporation, membrane distillation and collaborative disposal resulted in cost savings of $569.8 million, $541.2 million and $687.4 million respectively. Proper considerations of the findings of this paper will aid the operators of small and stranded assets in managing produced water effectively and economically within the regulations of EGASPIN which permits; no discharge of produced water into the surrounding inland and nearshore fields.
Time-Lapse Analyses of Geomechanical Parameters in a Tertiary Reservoir, Niger-Delta, P - Field
Authors: Ogoh P. O. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Time-lapse analyses of geomechanical parameter of a tertiary reservoir in Niger Delta, P-field was carried out. The aim of the study was to carry out 4D model-based seismic inversion to extract geomechanical properties from 4D impedance volumes and carry out time-lapse analyses for possible compaction, subsidence, and sanding. Suite of well logs from three wells (well 001, well 025 and well 029) were used alongside 4-D seismic data acquired at different epochs in time (11 years apart). Edited and quality checked well data were used to run petrophysical analysis and also generate pseudo logs. Well to well correlation along with mapped faults and a time structure map was able to reveal and distinguish the varying depths of the well. Root-Mean-Square (RMS) amplitude was extracted from the seismic volume along the mapped horizon (Hor-2b-intrp). This revealed bright amplitudes around the well locations in the base slice but the amplitude was observed to be reduced in the monitor, which suggests changes in the reservoir, induced by production. Model-based seismic inversion was done on both the base and monitor seismic volumes to produce an acoustic impedance (AI) volume from which properties/attributes were extracted. The geomechanical parameters extracted from the AI volumes along the horizon of interest and their range of values are: Bulk modulus[K] (18.1x106GPa -23.4x106GPa), Lambda[λ] (9.85GPa – 12.01GPa), Mu[μ] (5.66GPa – 32.05GPa), Mu-rho[μρ] (7.24GPa-32.65GPa) and Poisson's ratio (0.29 – 0.38). RMS amplitude, Bulk modulus, lambda, Poisson's ratio and mu showed clear reduction in porosity from base to monitor data. This reduction in porosity is a clear indication of compaction in the reservoir which could ultimately leads to subsidence. Mu-rho showed a possibility of brittle-ductile transition (BDT) in well 001 and 029 resulting from porosity loss and possible increase in temperature due to compaction.
Evaluating the Economic Viability of Modular Refineries in Nigeria
Authors: Adesanya D. O. , Ajadi A. O. , Olorunisomo A. O. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to comprehensively analyse Nigeria's refining sector, exploring the potential for newly established modular refineries to work alongside traditional counterparts. By closely examining the current state of the refining industry and identifying areas for enhancement, the analysis intends to clarify how Nigeria can utilize modular refineries to revitalize its petroleum sector and promote sustainable economic development.
The paper offers an overview of the challenges and opportunities associated with introducing modular refineries in Nigeria to enhance the country's energy capabilities and refine domestic resources. It identifies hurdles like infrastructure inadequacy, government policies, pollution, limited production capacity, and financial constraints hindering seamless integration. Additionally, it explores the economic benefits of modular refineries through a comprehensive analysis, utilizing techniques such as perpetuity evaluation. The study employs Python for numerical computations and Excel for graphical representation, utilizing secondary data for interpolation. Results suggest a significant economic potential ranging from 11.24 billion dollars to 13.57 billion dollars in perpetuity, indicating the viability of modular refineries. Forecasted costs, factoring in currency exchange rates, provide insights into financial considerations. Furthermore, it underscores the benefits of expanding refinery infrastructure to meet rising demand, highlighting the importance of collaborative efforts among stakeholders for successful implementation. Strategic planning and cooperation are emphasized to harness the full potential of modular refineries in Nigeria's energy landscape.
Reviewing The Roadmap: Feasibility Studies on CCUS Implementation In Nigeria
Authors: Bassey M. , Oboh I. O. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Paris agreement in 2015 saw nations agree to a global temperature limit below 2°C above pre-industrial levels. This agreement over time has come under threat as the International Energy Agency reported an increase in global emissions by 0.9%, with Africa contributing only 4% per capita to global emissions, and Nigeria, contributing 0.64 tonnes per capita of the 4%. This explicitly illustrates the imbalance when African countries, who are among the least contributors, have to deal with climate change as they reap its adverse effects. Most African countries, do, however depend on the oil industry, for not just its nations’ economy, but for energy supply.
This is why, in ensuring that economies are protected and energy distribution is still held tantamount while protecting the earth, technologies such as CCUS are a necessary option to be considered and incorporated into the energy sector and other heavy industries. CCUS over the years has proven to be the most feasible options for oil producing nations, particularly those with high energy needs. In this paper, the feasibilities of CCUS implementation in Nigeria is explored, its economic and policy implications that follow, in relation to the Paris Agreement in 2015 and the just concluded COP 28. The cost implications for identified sequestration locations such as Port Harcourt and Lokoja and other possible sites in the country, currently hold storage capacities of 100-1000Mt CO2, and an average abatement cost of $42/tonne. This paper explores funding measures for CCUS in-country as well as policy adjustments, utilization of captured CO2 and what this means for multinational and indigenous companies in the country and on the continent, their roles and commitments in the international community and how their investments in emission reductions in Nigeria and other African countries can be a huge step towards achieving the Paris agreement and protecting the earth.