bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient visual responses reset the phase of low‐frequency oscillations in the skeletomotor periphery
Authors: Wood Daniel K. , Gu Chao , Corneil Brian D. , Gribble Paul L. , Goodale Melvyn A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe recorded muscle activity from an upper limb muscle while human subjects reached towards peripheral targets. We tested the hypothesis that the transient visual response sweeps not only through the central nervous system, but also through the peripheral nervous system. Like the transient visual response in the central nervous system, stimulus‐locked muscle responses (< 100 ms) were sensitive to stimulus contrast, and were temporally and spatially dissociable from voluntary orienting activity. Also, the arrival of visual responses reduced the variability of muscle activity by resetting the phase of ongoing low‐frequency oscillations. This latter finding critically extends the emerging evidence that the feedforward visual sweep reduces neural variability via phase resetting. We conclude that, when sensory information is relevant to a particular effector, detailed information about the sensorimotor transformation, even from the earliest stages, is found in the peripheral nervous system.
Formation of a hard tissue barrier after experimental pulp capping or partial pulpotomy in humans: an updated systematic review
Authors: Fransson H. , Wolf E. , Petersson K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe aim was to update a systematic review of pulp capping and partial pulpotomy by Olsson et al. (2006), by evaluating new evidence on formation of a hard tissue barrier after pulp capping and partial pulpotomy of experimental exposures in humans. PubMed (01‐01‐2005 to 01‐03‐2014) and CENTRAL were searched using specific keywords. Hand searches were made and the level of evidence for each included article was evaluated by the authors. The evidence of the conclusions was graded as strong, moderately strong, limited or insufficient. The initial search in PubMed yielded 215 abstracts. Hand searches of reference lists yielded no additional original scientific articles. After a selection process and interpretation, 22 articles were included and rated for level of evidence: no article was rated as high and seven as moderate. Overall the methodological quality of studies has improved since the previous systematic review was published in 2006. The conclusions are that there is limited scientific evidence that application of calcium hydroxide or mineral trioxide aggregate to an exposed pulp frequently results in formation of a hard tissue barrier, whereas adhesives or enamel matrix derivatives do not. There is insufficient scientific evidence that mineral trioxide aggregate promotes hard tissue formation more frequently than calcium hydroxide.
Mast cell–macrophage dynamics in modulation of dengue virus infection in skin
Authors: Chu Ya‐Ting , Wan Shu‐Wen , Anderson Robert , Lin Yee‐Shin 
Published: June 2015

SummaryDengue virus (DENV) infection causes dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever, or dengue shock syndrome. Mast cells have been speculated to play a role in DENV disease although their precise roles are unclear. In this study, we used mast cell‐deficient KitW‐sh/W‐sh mice to investigate the involvement of mast cells after intradermal DENV infection. An approximately two‐ to three‐fold higher level of DENV NS3 antigen was detected at the skin inoculation site in DENV‐infected KitW‐sh/W‐sh mice than in DENV‐infected wild‐type (WT) mice (using a dose of 1 × 109 plaque‐forming units/mouse). Moreover, as an indicator of heightened pathogenesis, a more prolonged bleeding time was observed in DENV‐infected KitW‐sh/W‐sh mice than in WT mice. Monocytes/macrophages are considered to be important targets for DENV infection, so we investigated the susceptibility and chemokine response of DENV‐infected peritoneal macrophages from KitW‐sh/W‐sh and WT mice both ex vivo and in vivo. There was a tendency for higher DENV infection and higher secretion of CCL2 (MCP‐1) from peritoneal macrophages isolated from KitW‐sh/W‐sh mice than those from WT mice. In vivo studies using intradermal inoculation of DENV showed about twofold higher levels of infiltrating macrophages and CCL2 (MCP‐1) at the inoculation site in both mock control and DENV‐inoculated KitW‐sh/W‐sh mice than in corresponding WT mice. In summary, compared with WT mice, KitW‐sh/W‐sh mice show enhanced DENV infection and macrophage infiltration at the skin inoculation site as well as increased DENV‐associated bleeding time. The results indicate an intriguing interplay between mast cells and tissue macrophages to restrict DENV replication in the skin.
rIL‐10 enhances IL‐10 signalling proteins in foetal alveolar type II cells exposed to hyperoxia
Authors: Lee Hyeon‐Soo , Lee Dong Gun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAlthough the mechanisms by which hyperoxia promotes bronchopulmonary dysplasia are not fully defined, the inability to maintain optimal interleukin (IL)‐10 levels in response to injury secondary to hyperoxia seems to play an important role. We previously defined that hyperoxia decreased IL‐10 production and pre‐treatment with recombinant IL‐10 (rIL‐10) protected these cells from injury. The objectives of these studies were to investigate the responses of IL‐10 receptors (IL‐10Rs) and IL‐10 signalling proteins (IL‐10SPs) in hyperoxic foetal alveolar type II cells (FATIICs) with and without rIL‐10. FATIICs were isolated on embryonic day 19 and exposed to 65%‐oxygen for 24 hrs. Cells in room air were used as controls. IL‐10Rs protein and mRNA were analysed by ELISA and qRT‐PCR, respectively. IL‐10SPs were assessed by Western blot using phospho‐specific antibodies. IL‐10Rs protein and mRNA increased significantly in FATIICs during hyperoxia, but JAK1 and TYK2 phosphorylation showed the opposite pattern. To evaluate the impact of IL‐8 (shown previously to be increased) and the role of IL‐10Rs, IL‐10SPs were reanalysed in IL‐8‐added normoxic cells and in the IL‐10Rs’ siRNA‐treated hyperoxic cells. The IL‐10Rs’ siRNA‐treated hyperoxic cells and IL‐8‐added normoxic cells showed the same pattern in IL10SPs with the hyproxic cells. And pre‐treatment with rIL‐10 prior to hyperoxia exposure increased phosphorylated IL‐10SPs, compared to the rIL‐10‐untreated hyperoxic cells. These studies suggest that JAK1 and TYK2 were significantly suppressed during hyperoxia, where IL‐8 may play a role, and rIL‐10 may have an effect on reverting the suppressed JAK1 and TYK2 in FATIICs exposed to hyperoxia.
Association between overweight/obesity and increased risk of periodontitis
Authors: Suvan Jean E. , Petrie Aviva , Nibali Luigi , Darbar Ulpee , Rakmanee Thanasak , Donos Nikos , D'Aiuto Francesco 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate periodontitis as a co‐morbidity of overweight/obesity in an age‐matched sample of periodontitis cases or periodontally healthy controls.MethodsParticipants were periodontally assessed using whole mouth clinical periodontal measures. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio for diagnosis of periodontitis when body mass index (kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25–29.99 kg/m2, or obese BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were the explanatory variables. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated of all possible BMI (kg/m2) cut‐off points discriminating individuals for diagnosis of periodontitis.ResultsThe study comprised 286 participants. BMI showed a dose–response association with increased odds (1.12 per increase of 1 kg/m2, 95% CI 1.05–1.20, p = 0.001) of being a case compared to a control independent of gender, ethnicity, smoking status and dental plaque level. Similarly overweight/obese were independently associated with increased odds of diagnosis of periodontitis for overweight (OR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.210–5.400, p = 0.014) and for obese (OR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.052–6.481, p = 0.015) compared to normal weight individuals. The ROC curve analysis confirmed diagnosis of periodontitis was 1.6 times more likely in an individual with the BMI ≥ 24.32 kg/m2.ConclusionsOverweight/obese individuals are more likely to suffer from periodontitis compared to normal weight individuals in this case–control sample.
Comparing clinical and economic outcomes of biologic and conventional medications in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
Authors: Hernandez Inmaculada , Zhang Yuting 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesBiologics are substantially more expensive than their conventional counterparts but it is unclear whether extra costs deliver better health outcomes. We compare clinical and economic outcomes between teriparatide (monthly costs $1120) and bisphosphonates (monthly costs $14) among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.MethodsFrom a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries, we selected women newly diagnosed with osteoporosis between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2011 and who initiated teriparatide or bisphosphonates after the diagnosis. We followed them up until one of these events: switching osteoporosis treatment, death, or the end of study period ‐ 31 December 2011. Clinical outcomes included hip fracture, vertebral fracture, fracture of radius, ulna or carpal bones, other upper limb fractures, other lower limb fractures and any fracture. Economic outcomes included medical costs, pharmacy costs, and total costs associated with osteoporosis. Using conventional propensity score, high‐dimensional propensity score and instrumental variable analysis, we constructed Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the risk of fracture and two‐part models to compare costs.ResultsTeriparatide users had higher risk of fracture and higher costs, compared with similar bisphosphonates users. The hazard ratios of fracture for teriparatide relative to bisphosphonates ranged from 1.37 to 2.12, depending on methods. There was no difference in the risk of hip fracture between treatment groups. Total annual costs related to osteoporosis were between $2733 and $3352 higher for teriparatide users.ConclusionsThe biological agent, teriparatide, is more expensive yet less effective than conventional treatment, bisphosphonates.
Clinicopathological indices to predict hepatocellular carcinoma molecular classification
Authors: Tan Poh Seng , Nakagawa Shigeki , Goossens Nicolas , Venkatesh Anu , Huang Tiangui , Ward Stephen C. , Sun Xiaochen , Song Won‐Min , Koh Anna , Canasto‐Chibuque Claudia , Deshmukh Manjeet , Nair Venugopalan , Mahajan Milind , Zhang Bin , Fiel Maria Isabel , Kobayashi Masahiro , Kumada Hiromitsu , Hoshida Yujin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most lethal cancer caused by lack of effective therapies. Although promising, HCC molecular classification, which enriches potential responders to specific therapies, has not yet been assessed in clinical trials of anti‐HCC drugs. We aimed to overcome these challenges by developing clinicopathological surrogate indices of HCC molecular classification.MethodsHepatocellular carcinoma classification defined in our previous transcriptome meta‐analysis (S1, S2 and S3 subclasses) was implemented in an FDA‐approved diagnostic platform (Elements assay, NanoString). Ninety‐six HCC tumours (training set) were assayed to develop molecular subclass‐predictive indices based on clinicopathological features, which were independently validated in 99 HCC tumours (validation set). Molecular deregulations associated with the histopathological features were determined by pathway analysis. Sample sizes for HCC clinical trials enriched with specific molecular subclasses were determined.ResultsHepatocellular carcinoma subclass‐predictive indices were steatohepatitic (SH)‐HCC variant and immune cell infiltrate for S1 subclass, macrotrabecular/compact pattern, lack of pseudoglandular pattern, and high serum alpha‐foetoprotein (>400 ng/ml) for S2 subclass, and microtrabecular pattern, lack of SH‐HCC and clear cell variants, and lower histological grade for S3 subclass. Macrotrabecular/compact pattern, a predictor of S2 subclass, was associated with the activation of therapeutically targetable oncogene YAP and stemness markers EPCAM/KRT19. BMP4 was associated with pseudoglandular pattern. Subclass‐predictive indices‐based patient enrichment reduced clinical trial sample sizes from 121, 184 and 53 to 30, 43 and 22 for S1, S2 and S3 subclass‐targeting therapies respectively.ConclusionsHepatocellular carcinoma molecular subclasses can be enriched by clinicopathological indices tightly associated with deregulation of therapeutically targetable molecular pathways.
Combined action of the major secreted exo‐ and endopolygalacturonases is required for full virulence of Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Bravo Ruiz Gustavo , Di Pietro Antonio , Roncero M. Isabel G. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe genome of the tomato pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici encodes eight different polygalacturonases (PGs): four endoPGs and four exoPGs. Quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) revealed that endoPGs pg1 and pg5 and exoPGs pgx4 and pgx6 are expressed at significant levels during growth on citrus pectin, polygalacturonic acid or the monomer galacturonic acid, as well as during the infection of tomato plants. The remaining PG genes exhibit low expression levels under all the conditions tested. Secreted PG activity was decreased significantly during growth on pectin in the single deletion mutants lacking either pg1 or pgx6, as well as in the double mutant. Although the single deletion mutants did not display a significant virulence reduction on tomato plants, the Δpg1Δpgx6 double mutant was significantly attenuated in virulence. The combined action of exoPGs and endoPGs is thus essential for plant infection by the vascular wilt fungus F. oxysporum.
Impact of cinacalcet pre‐transplantation on mineral metabolism in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Sharma Ashish K , Masterson Rosemary , Holt Stephen G , Tan Sven‐Jean , Hughes Peter D , Chu Melissa , Jayadeva Pavithra , Toussaint Nigel D 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimCinacalcet is effective in reducing parathyroid hormone (PTH) in patients on dialysis. Reports of biochemical profiles and other clinical outcomes in patients discontinuing cinacalcet at time of renal transplantation are limited.MethodsA retrospective study assessing markers of mineral metabolism, graft and patient outcomes in renal transplant recipients to determine differences in patients discontinuing cinacalcet (C+) compared with patients not treated with cinacalcet (C−) at time of transplantation. To allow for differences between groups in pre‐transplant biochemical parameters, we also analysed a matched cohort of C− with C+ recipients (2:1), matched for age, calcium and PTH levels at transplantation.ResultsFive hundred thirty‐two recipients (460 C−, 72 C+), transplanted January 2006–December 2012, were analysed, mean age 48.0 ± 12.7 years and 64.3% were men. At a median 42.9 months follow up, there were 10 deaths (1.9%), 56 allograft loss (10.6%) and 5 parathyroidectomies post‐transplant (0.8%). Median PTH immediately pre‐transplant was higher in C+ versus C− (50.7(25.4–75.2) versus 28.3(13.9–49.7) pmol/L, P < 0.001). Twelve‐month post‐transplant PTH was reduced but higher in C+ (11.7(6.9–21.2) vs 7.2(4.6–11.2) pmol/L, P < 0.001). Mean calcium was higher for C+ versus C− at 12 months (2.50 ± 0.19 vs 2.43 ± 0.17 mmol/L, P < 0.001), with differences to 4 years post‐transplant. No difference was seen in renal function, graft loss, post‐transplant parathyroidectomy rate and mortality. In the matched cohort (144 C− vs 72 C+), similar findings were also seen.ConclusionDifferences in mineral metabolism post‐transplant are seen with cinacalcet pre‐transplant compared with no cinacalcet. Transplant recipients discontinuing cinacalcet had higher post‐transplant PTH and calcium although the clinical significance is unclear.
Metabolic engineering of sugarcane to accumulate energy‐dense triacylglycerols in vegetative biomass
Authors: Zale Janice , Jung Je Hyeong , Kim Jae Yoon , Pathak Bhuvan , Karan Ratna , Liu Hui , Chen Xiuhua , Wu Hao , Candreva Jason , Zhai Zhiyang , Shanklin John , Altpeter Fredy 
Published: June 2015

SummaryElevating the lipid content in vegetative tissues has emerged as a new strategy for increasing energy density and biofuel yield of crops. Storage lipids in contrast to structural and signaling lipids are mainly composed of glycerol esters of fatty acids, also known as triacylglycerol (TAG). TAGs are one of the most energy‐rich and abundant forms of reduced carbon available in nature. Therefore, altering the carbon‐partitioning balance in favour of TAG in vegetative tissues of sugarcane, one of the highest yielding biomass crops, is expected to drastically increase energy yields. Here we report metabolic engineering to elevate TAG accumulation in vegetative tissues of sugarcane. Constitutive co‐expression of WRINKLED1 (WRI1), diacylglycerol acyltransferase1‐2 (DGAT1‐2) and oleosin1 (OLE1) and simultaneous cosuppression of ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and a subunit of the peroxisomal ABC transporter1 (PXA1) in transgenic sugarcane elevated TAG accumulation in leaves or stems by 95‐ or 43‐fold to 1.9% or 0.9% of dry weight (DW), respectively, while expression or suppression of one to three of the target genes increased TAG levels by 1.5‐ to 9.5‐fold. Accumulation of TAG in vegetative progeny plants was consistent with the results from primary transgenics and contributed to a total fatty acid content of up to 4.7% or 1.7% of DW in mature leaves or stems, respectively. Lipid droplets were visible within mesophyll cells of transgenic leaves by confocal fluorescence microscopy. These results provide the basis for optimizations of TAG accumulation in sugarcane and other high yielding biomass grasses and will open new prospects for biofuel applications.
CCR1, an enzyme required for lignin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, mediates cell proliferation exit for leaf development
Authors: Xue Jingshi , Luo Dexian , Xu Deyang , Zeng Minhuan , Cui Xiaofeng , Li Laigeng , Huang Hai 
Published: June 2015

SummaryAfter initiation, leaves first undergo rapid cell proliferation. During subsequent development, leaf cells gradually exit the proliferation phase and enter the expansion stage, following a basipetally ordered pattern starting at the leaf tip. The molecular mechanism directing this pattern of leaf development is as yet poorly understood. By genetic screening and characterization of Arabidopsis mutants defective in exit from cell proliferation, we show that the product of the CINNAMOYL CoA REDUCTASE (CCR1) gene, which is required for lignin biosynthesis, participates in the process of cell proliferation exit in leaves. CCR1 is expressed basipetally in the leaf, and ccr1 mutants exhibited multiple abnormalities, including increased cell proliferation. The ccr1 phenotypes are not due to the reduced lignin content, but instead are due to the dramatically increased level of ferulic acid (FeA), an intermediate in lignin biosynthesis. FeA is known to have antioxidant activity, and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ccr1 were markedly reduced. We also characterized another double mutant in CAFFEIC ACID O‐METHYLTRANSFERASE (comt) and CAFFEOYL CoA 3‐O‐METHYLTRANSFERASE (ccoaomt), in which the FeA level was dramatically reduced. Cell proliferation in comt ccoaomt leaves was decreased, accompanied by elevated ROS levels, and the mutant phenotypes were partially rescued by treatment with FeA or another antioxidant (N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine). Taken together, our results suggest that CCR1, FeA and ROS coordinate cell proliferation exit in normal leaf development.
Analysis of Instabilities in Railway Vehicles Employing Operational Modal Analysis
Authors: Calvo Lara Erviti , Castellanos Gorka Agirre , Gimenez Germán 
Published: June 2015

The application of Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) in the railway sector opens a broad field of opportunities. The validation of the numerical model employed in the design phase is usually performed employing data obtained in static tests. The drawback is that some suspension parameters, such as dampers, only have an influence in the dynamic behavior and not in the static behavior. Because of that, the use of the mode shapes identified from track measurements in combination with the static tests leads to a more accurate validation of the numerical model. Apart from that, most passenger comfort and dynamic problems are associated to slightly damped modes. A correct identification of the modal parameters can be used as a continuous design improvement tool to improve the comfort and dynamic characteristics of future designs.
Another valuable application of OMA techniques is the identification of the mode shapes corresponding to instabilities, due to the safety impact that they have. In railway vehicles, instabilities are associated to mode shapes that present a damping rate which decreases with the increase of the running speed. Above a certain speed value, the excitation coming from track cannot be damped by the vehicle and it reaches an unstable condition. This unstable condition leads to high acceleration levels experienced by the passengers and high interaction forces between the wheel and the rail that may lead to safety hazards. The speed above which the vehicle is unstable is known as critical speed, and has to be greater than the maximum speed of the vehicle with a reasonable safety margin.
The use of OMA techniques allows identifying the mode shape that causes the instability. This paper presents the application of OMA techniques to measurements performed on a passenger vehicle, in which the speed was increased until the vehicle was unstable. The mode shape that caused the instability was identified as well as its corresponding natural frequency and damping rate.
Rapid Construction Technology for Railroad Concrete Infrastructure: Microwave Heat Curing Technology
Authors: Koh Taehoon , Hwang Seonkeun , Yoo Junghoon , Lee Donggeun 
Published: June 2015

The cast-in-place concrete lining construction process represents about 25% of the total railroad tunnel construction period. Moreover, the construction period for lining concrete depends on the speed of the curing process of the lining concrete. Therefore, in cold weather when the air temperature in mountain railroad tunnel is consistently 10 degrees or below, equipment for heat insulation of cast-in-place concrete lining, such as a portable fossil fuel heater, must also be prepared to maintain an appropriate curing temperature in the tunnel. It generally takes about 24 to 36 hours to reach the compressive strength (3 to 5MPa) required to remove the lining form.
Recently, microwave heat curing technology has been developed as a way of substantially reducing the concrete curing time, to achieve a reduction in the total construction period. The microwave heating system developed in this technology is comprised of a microwave generator, cavity, insulator, and exothermic body (microwave irradiated pyrogen). In this system, microwaves generated from the magnetron are irregularly reflected inside the cavity, and rapidly heat up the exothermic body so that the heat is transferred to the lining form and the concrete in turn, resulting in the accelerated hydration of concrete.
Based on the field test data from the construction of the railroad tunnel cast-in-place concrete lining, it is found that this technology is able in 6 to 12 hours to complete the curing of concrete lining sufficiently to remove the form. It is hoped that this approach will substantially reduce the construction period and cost of tunnel lining, even during cold-weather.