bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional, Seasonal, and Diurnal Variations of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning with Large Impulse Charge Moment Changes
Authors: Beavis Nick K. , Lang Timothy J. , Rutledge Steven A. , Lyons Walter A. , Cummer Steven A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The use of both total charge moment change (CMC) and impulse charge moment change (iCMC) magnitudes to assess the potential of a cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning stroke to induce a mesospheric sprite has been well described in the literature, particularly on a case study basis. In this climatological study, large iCMC discharges for thresholds of &gt;100 and &gt;300 C km in both positive and negative polarities are analyzed on a seasonal basis. Also presented are local solar time diurnal distributions in eight different regions covering the lower 48 states as well as the adjacent Atlantic Ocean, including the Gulf Stream.
The seasonal maps show the predisposition of large positive iCMCs to dominate across the northern Great Plains, with large negative iCMCs favored in the southeastern United States year-round. During summer, the highest frequency of large positive iCMCs across the upper Midwest aligns closely with the preferred tracks of nocturnal mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). As iCMC values increase above 300 C km, the maximum shifts eastward of the 100 C km maximum in the central plains.
Diurnal distributions in the eight regions support these conclusions, with a nocturnal peak in large iCMC discharges in the northern Great Plains and Great Lakes, an early to midafternoon peak in the Intermountain West and the southeastern United States, and a morning peak in large iCMC discharge activity over the Atlantic Ocean. Large negative iCMCs peak earlier in time than large positive iCMCs, which may be attributed to the growth of large stratiform charge reservoirs following initial convective development.
Integrated Weather Effects on Cycling Shares, Frequencies, and Durations in Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Authors: Böcker Lars , Thorsson Sofia 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
With the increasing societal interest in climate change, health, accessibility, and liveability and subsequent policy aims to promote active transport modes over car usage, many scholars have investigated the relationship between weather and cycling. Existing studies, however, hardly address the effects of weather on cycling durations and often lack assessments of the combined effects of different meteorological variables and potential nonlinearity of these effects. Drawing on travel diary data from a panel study of 945 Greater Rotterdam respondents (the Netherlands), this paper investigates and compares the effects of different meteorological variables, singly as well as combined, on cycling frequencies, cycling durations, and the exchange between cycling and other transport modes. Results show linear negative effects of precipitation sum and wind speed and nonlinear bell-shaped effects of thermal variables on cycling and opposite effects on car usage. Out of three thermal variables investigated, mean radiant temperature (radiant heat exchange between humans and the environment) and physiological equivalent temperature (an index combining the effects of air temperature, mean radiant temperature, air humidity, and wind speed) better explain cycling behavior than just air temperature. Optimum thermal conditions for cycling were found on days with maximum air temperatures around 24°C, mean radiant temperatures around 52°C, and physiological equivalent temperatures around 30°C. Policy and planning implications are highlighted that could reduce cyclists’ exposures to disadvantageous weather conditions such as heat, precipitation, and wind, at present and in a potentially changing climate.
Dysphonia and Vocal Fold Telangiectasia in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Chang Joseph , Yung Katherine C. 
Published: June 2014

Objective: This case report is the first documentation of dysphonia and vocal fold telangiectasia as a complication of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Methods: Case report of a 40-year-old man with HHT presenting with 2 years of worsening hoarseness. Results: Hoarseness corresponded with a period of anticoagulation. Endoscopy revealed vocal fold scarring, vocal fold telangiectasias, and plica ventricularis suggestive of previous submucosal vocal fold hemorrhage and subsequent counterproductive compensation with ventricular phonation. Conclusion: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia may present as dysphonia with vocal fold telangiectasias and place patients at risk of vocal fold hemorrhage.
Ambulatory mental health data demonstrates the high needs of people with an intellectual disability: Results from the New South Wales intellectual disability and mental health data linkage project
Authors: Howlett Sophie , Florio Tony , Xu Han , Trollor Julian 
Published: June 2014

Objective: To investigate the ambulatory mental health service profile of persons with intellectual disability (ID) in a representative sample of New South Wales (NSW). Methods: A statistical linkage key was used to link the Disability Services Minimum Data Set (DS-MDS) and a community mental health services dataset (MH-COM) for a representative area of NSW for the period 2005–2010. Linkage was undertaken in four NSW local health districts (LHDs), covering 36.7% of the NSW population. The mental health profiles and service use characteristics of people with an ID were compared to mental health service users without an ID. Results: Of the 89,262 people in the MH-COM over this 6-year period, 1,459 people (1.6 %) were identified as having an ID. Compared to those without an ID, people with an ID were more likely to have psychotic disorders, developmental disorders and personality disorders, and more than twice as likely to have an ‘unknown’ diagnosis. Compared to those without an ID, people with an ID were less likely to have depressive disorders, adjustment disorders and other disorders. Service use profiles revealed that people with an ID had 1.6 times more face-to-face contacts, and a total face-to-face contact time which was 2.5 times longer than people without an ID. Conclusions: Ambulatory mental health data from NSW indicates that people with an ID receive care for a distinct range of mental disorders, and experience uncertainty regarding their diagnosis. People with an ID have higher service needs which require recognition and the allocation of specific resources. Such data provide a suitable baseline for future evaluation of the impact of ambulatory mental health reforms for people with an ID.
A stand-alone quantized state system solver for continuous system simulation
Authors: Fernández Joaquín , Kofman Ernesto 
Published: June 2014

This article introduces a stand-alone implementation of the quantized state system (QSS) integration methods for continuous and hybrid system simulation. QSS methods replace the time discretization of classic numerical integration by the quantization of the state variables. These algorithms lead to discrete event approximations of the original continuous systems and show some advantages over classic numerical integration schemes. For simplicity, most implementations of QSS methods were confined to discrete event simulation engines. The problem is that they were not fully efficient, as they wasted much of the computational load in the discrete event simulation mechanism. The stand-alone QSS solver presented here overcomes this problem, improving in more than one order of magnitude the computation times of the previous discrete event implementations. Besides describing the solver structure and functionality, the article analyzes four different models and compares the performance of the new solver with that of the discrete event implementation, and with that of different classic solvers.
Activity Tolerance After Periacetabular Osteotomy
Authors: Bogunovic Ljiljana , Hunt Devyani , Prather Heidi , Schoenecker Perry L. , Clohisy John C. 
Published: June 2014

Background: Periacetabular osteotomy is a well-described surgical intervention for symptomatic acetabular deformities in skeletally mature patients. Data regarding return to athletic activity or sport after this procedure are still limited. Purpose: To evaluate the ability of patients to return to preoperative levels of activity after periacetabular osteotomy. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This is a retrospective review of active patients treated with periacetabular osteotomy for acetabular deformity correction. Patients were identified as those with preoperative University of California–Los Angeles activity levels ≥7. Patient demographics, operative data, radiographic measures, and clinical outcomes were documented prospectively. The University of California–Los Angeles activity score, Harris Hip Score, Hip Dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index were used to measure clinical outcomes, and details regarding activity and satisfaction were analyzed. Results: This study included 36 patients (39 hips; 15 males and 21 females) whose average age was 25 years (range, 15-45 years) and whose average body mass index was 24 ± 3.5 kg/m2. Mean follow-up was 33 months (range, 18-59 months). Preoperatively, the average lateral center edge angle, anterior center edge angle, and acetabular index were 10°, 14°, and 21°, respectively; 92% of patients had a Tönnis osteoarthritis grade of 0 or 1. One patient failed hip preservation surgery and went on to total hip arthroplasty 27 months after periacetabular osteotomy. Of the remaining patients, 71% reported an increase or no change in activity level postoperatively. The University of California–Los Angeles score was also unchanged (9.2 vs 8.8, P = .157), and the Harris Hip Score (63 vs 87, P < .001), Hip Dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score–Quality of Life (38 vs 71, P < .001), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (71 vs 92, P < .001) results improved from preoperative levels. There was a 97% rate of satisfaction with the surgery. Four patients (11%) reported hip pain as the primary factor limiting postoperative activity. Conclusion: The majority (71%) of active patients with hip dysplasia return to presurgical or higher activity levels after open hip preservation surgery with the periacetabular osteotomy.
Hygrothermal Durability and Thermal Aging Behavior Prediction of High-Temperature Polymer-Matrix Composites and Their Resins
Authors: Shin E. Eugene , Morgan Roger J. , Zhou Jiming , Lincoln Jason , Jurek Robert , Curliss David B. 
Published: June 2014

Prediction of the cure-induced Tg increases and associated matrix and composite mechanical property deterioration of BMI systems in real service environments is attempted by network structure interrelations with mechanical and thermal properties as a function of composition (initial monomer ratio) and time-temperature cure cycles. Tensile and flexural properties of four BMI compositions at six different cure cycles (or degree of cure) have been determined at three temperatures, 230C, 1 770C, and 250'C, and correlated to Tg and density of the systems. Systematic studies on hygrothermal durability of bismaleimide (BMI) and various polyimide (PI)-carbon fiber composites and neat resins were conducted. The combined effects of moisture and thermal exposures such as hygrothermal spikes up to 250'C and hygrothermal aging under various time-temperature-moisture conditions including accelerated aging at saturated steam environment (1 60'C and 1 10 psi) on microscopic damage, polymer-matrix physical structural state, and residual properties of those composites and neat resins are presented. The onset of blistering in moist K3B PI C fiber composites occurred at 2290C during the thermal spiking. It is evident that the hygrothermal performance stability is one of the prime guidelines in future aerospace applications, especially for PI composites. The physical and chemical structural state of PI matrices such as K3B and AFR700B as a function of hygrothermal exposure are discussed in terms of hydrolytic chemical degradation, moisture vapor-induced physical damage, and molecularly locked-in water. Those structural states are characterized by systematic weight monitoring 2H NMR, and various thermal, mechanical property measurements using D20 water environment.
Material Selection/Fabrication Issues for Thermoplastic Fiber Placement
Authors: Sharp Richard , Holmes Scott , Woodall Cindy 
Published: June 2014

The Manufacture of Advanced Composite Submarine Structures (MACSS) program is part of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) Maritime Systems Technology Office, Advanced Submarine Technology (AST) program. The program is developing the material product forms, processes, and equipment for automated fabrication of lowcost composite submarine structures. These developments will be demonstrated through fabrication and delivery of subscale and fullscale components of the Composite Dry Deck Shelter (CDDS). This paper will discuss the McDonnell Douglas Aerospace (MDA) thermoplastic fiber placement process, material selection, and machine that make fabrication of largescale submarine structures possible.
Thermal Analysis of Continuous Filament-Wound Composites
Authors: James Darryl L. , Black W. Z. 
Published: June 2014

A transient thermal model for the continuous filament winding process using an infrared energy source has been transformed into a quasi-steady problem by working in a Eulerian reference frame. The model has been subdivided into two regimes. A one-dimensional, Cartesian coordinate, heat transfer analysis of the tape regime is coupled with a three-dimensional, cylindrical coordinate, heat transfer analysis of the composite substrate in the mandrel regime. Together, the temperature distribution of the filament winding process is predicted as a function of the power of the infrared energy source, location of the infrared spot, infrared spot size, mandrel rotational speed, and material properties. The temperature distribution determined in the numerical analysis is then compared with temperatures measured with an infrared camera attached to a small-scale filament winding apparatus. While the infrared camera cannot determine temperatures within the composite, a measure of the accuracy of the thermal model can be obtained by comparing surface temperatures predicted by the model to experimental temperatures. The results suggest that varying the position of the lamp, changing the winding speed, or modifying the power output of the lamp can have a major impact on the temperature distribution throughout the composite during winding and consolidation.
Design, Manufacture, and Characterization of Composites Using On-Line Recycled Thermoplastic Powder Impregnation of Fibers and In-Situ Filament Winding
Authors: Nejhad Mehrdad N. Ghasemi , Ikeda Karen M. 
Published: June 2014

Recycled thermoplastic powder impregnated composites using in-situ filament winding and on-line consolidation of fibers have been successfully manufactured with the modified filament winding setup constructed in this study. Reclaimed low density polyethylene (RLDPE), reclaimed low-density polyethylene with polymer additives consisting of 0.25% by weight of Cyasorb® UV-3346 Light Stabilizer, 0.25% by weight of Cyasorb® UV-53 1 Light Stabilizer, and 0.08% by weight of Cyanox® 2777 Antioxidant (RLDPE-PA), and virgin low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were pulverized to ultrafine powders ranging from 20 to 300,um, and utilized to impregnate a separated fiberglass tow. After initial experiments, two powder-impregnated composite tubes were manufactured for each thermoplastic material system. The composites were then tested for tensile (hoop) strength and compressive bending strength under the ASTM D2290-95 and C-ring tests, respectively. This study showed that while the RLDPE composite did not perform well, composite samples made with RLDPE and polymer additives (i.e.. RLDPE-PA) performed better than RLDPE samples but not as well as composites made of virgin LDPE. The impregnation and consolidation steps in the manufacturing process were also effective for all three systems. The composite tubes exhibited very low void contents and high fiber volume fractions, while unmelted and unconsolidated thermoplastic powders were not present in the manufactured parts. The absence of fiber waviness and fiber migration through the thickness of the composite demonstrates that the online consolidation of powder-impregnated fibers was also effective. The collection of the separated powder-impregnated fibers prior to filament winding also seemed to be sufficient.
Static and Low-Velocity Impact Response Characteristics of Pultruded Hybrid Glass-Graphite/Epoxy Composite Beams
Authors: Kowsika Murthy V. , Mantena P. Raju 
Published: June 2014

The influence of hybridization on the crashworthiness and energy-absorption characteristics of pultruded glass-graphite/epoxy composite beams was investigated. Lowvelocity drop weight instrumented impact tests were conducted on these hybrid composites to determine the load-deformation behavior for evaluating the impact performance in terms of the ductility index, damage initiation, propagation, and total absorbed energies. Three-point static flexural tests were also conducted to compare the static load-deformation characteristics with those of the dynamic low-velocity impact tests. The behavior under both static and dynamic loading conditions was simulated using finite element modeling procedures to identify the failure mechanisms for optimizing the performance of pultruded hybrid composites. Experimental results show that the load and strain to failure of all-graphite/epoxy, all-glass/epoxy and other hybrid composites obtained from impact tests are significantly higher as compared to the static test data. The load-bearing capability of composites after damage initiation (which is dictated by the ductility and failure index) has shown marked improvement for the graphite-outside hybrids when compared with the all-graphite, all-glass, and glass-outside hybrids. The high strain to failure glass fibers absorb considerably higher energy before ultimate failure compared to the brittle graphite fibers; as a result, the fiber content and geometric placement of each type of fiber significantly influenced the energy-absorption characteristics of hybrids. Results indicate that the energy-absorption behavior of pultruded hybrids predicted using finite element modeling is in close agreement with the behavior characterized from experimental impact tests. The effectiveness ofhybridization to improve the impact performance of composites was demonstrated.
The experiences of people with dementia and intellectual disabilities with surveillance technologies in residential care
Authors: Niemeijer Alistair R , Depla Marja FIA , Frederiks Brenda JM , Hertogh Cees MPM 
Published: June 2014

Background: Surveillance technology such as tag and tracking systems and video surveillance could increase the freedom of movement and consequently autonomy of clients in long-term residential care settings, but is also perceived as an intrusion on autonomy including privacy. Objective: To explore how clients in residential care experience surveillance technology in order to assess how surveillance technology might influence autonomy. Setting: Two long-term residential care facilities: a nursing home for people with dementia and a care facility for people with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Ethnographic field study. Ethical considerations: The boards representing clients and relatives/proxies of the clients were informed of the study and gave their written consent. The clients’ assent was sought through a special information leaflet. At any time clients and/or proxy were given the option to withdraw from the study. The research protocol was also reviewed by a medical ethics committee. Findings: Our findings show a pattern of two themes: (1) coping with new spaces which entailed clients: wandering around, getting lost, being triggered, and retreating to new spaces and (2) resisting the surveillance technology measure because clients feel stigmatized, missed the company, and do not like being “watched.” Conclusion: Client experiences of surveillance technology appear to entail a certain ambivalence. This is in part due to the variety in surveillance technology devices, with each device bringing its own connotations and experiences. But it also lies in the devices’ presupposition of an ideal user, which is at odds with the actual user who is inherently vulnerable. Surveillance technology can contribute to the autonomy of clients in long-term care, but only if it is set in a truly person-centered approach.
The Influence of Organizational Culture on Job Satisfaction of Administrative Employees at a Public Hospital
Authors: Dimitrios Bourntenas , Kastanioti Catherine , Maria Tsouri , Dimitris Niakas 
Published: June 2014

The case study aims in outlining the organizational culture that exists at a General Hospital of Larissa in Greece, measuring the satisfaction which the administrative employees of the hospital acquire through their job and correlating these two variables. The total population of the survey was the 100 administrative employees that work in General Hospital of Larissa. The survey was conducted during May and June 2013. The research tools used were the questionnaires developed by Cameron and Quinn (1999) and Spector (1994). Regarding the organizational culture, the survey revealed that the dominant culture in a General Hospital of Larissa is the culture of Hierarchy, while the desired culture differs from the derailing one. On the other hand, the participants appear to have low levels of job satisfaction, mainly regarding their satisfaction by their rewards. Finally, the study proved statistically that the organizational culture of General Hospital of Larissa does not seriously influences the job satisfaction of the administrative employees of the hospital.
Accuracy of Point-of-Care Blood Glucose Measurements in Critically Ill Patients in Shock
Authors: Garingarao Carlo Jan Pati-an , Buenaluz-Sedurante Myrna , Jimeno Cecilia Alegado 
Published: June 2014

Background: A widely used method in monitoring glycemic status of ICU patients is point-of-care (POC) monitoring devices. A possible limitation to this method is altered peripheral blood flow in patients in shock, which may result in over/underestimations of their true glycemic status. Methods: This study aims to determine the accuracy of blood glucose measurements with a POC meter compared to laboratory methods in critically ill patients in shock. POC blood glucose was measured with a glucose-1-dehydrogenase-based reflectometric meter. The reference method was venous plasma glucose measured by a clinical chemistry analyzer (glucose oxidase-based). Outcomes assessed were concordance to ISO 15197:2003 minimum accuracy criteria for glucose meters, bias in glucose measurements obtained by the 2 methods using Bland–Altman analysis, and clinical accuracy through modified error grid analysis. Results: A total of 186 paired glucose measurements were obtained. ISO 2003 accuracy criteria were met in 95.7% and 79.8% of POC glucose values in the normotensive and hypotensive group, respectively. Mean bias for the normotensive group was –12.4 mg/dL, while mean bias in the hypotensive group was –34.9 mg/dL. Conclusions: POC glucose measurements within the target zone for clinical accuracy were 90.2% and 79.8% for the normotensive and hypotensive group, respectively. POC blood glucose measurements were significantly less accurate in the hypotensive subgroup of ICU patients compared to the normotensive group. We recommend a lower threshold in confirming POC blood glucose with a central laboratory method if clinically incompatible. In light of recently updated accuracy standards, we also recommend alternative methods of glucose monitoring for the ICU population as a whole regardless of blood pressure status.