bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fortification of chocolate milk with omega‐3, omega‐6, and vitamins E and C by using liposomes
Authors: Marsanasco Marina , Calabró Valeria , Piotrkowski Bárbara , Chiaramoni Nadia S. , del V. Alonso Silvia 
Published: November 2015

The main goal of this work was to develop an additive to fortify a widely consumed product with vitamins. Additives were made of soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC)‐based liposomes to encapsulate vitamin E (VE) and vitamin C (VC), and incorporated in chocolate milk to generate a functional food and posterior pasteurization. SPC contains essential fatty acids like omega‐3 and omega‐6 fatty acids. Stearic acid (SA) or calcium stearate (CaS) was incorporated as a liposome bilayer stabilizer. Characterization of liposomes involved size and surface charge, studied by light scattering and zeta potential, respectively. Liposome shape was analyzed by optical microscopy. Membrane packing was studied with merocyanine 540 and oxidative stability by the TBA and ORAC methods. The studies were made before and after pasteurization to study thermal stability. All formulations showed significant stability of the parameters analyzed, even after pasteurization, and a protective effect over VC, which is thermolabile. The release of vitamins was studied by dialysis. All additives were able to retain a high percentage of VE and VC. For food application, a sensory evaluation was performed in chocolate milk with liposomes. SPC:SA liposomes can be selected as food additives due to their acceptability and stability.Practical applications: Additives with a natural lipid SPC and vitamins E and C were developed to be incorporated in chocolate milk. They presented:(1) A significant stability of all analyzed parameters before and after pasteurization:  – biophysical stability: size, structure, shape, molecular membrane packing and surface charge.  – the oxidative stability: all had low peroxidation tendency.  – thermal stability: all had a protective effect over thermolabile vitamin C after pasteurization.  – temporal stability: all presented a high encapsulation of vitamins after 72 hours of dialysis.(2) Additives showed a Newtonian and pseudoplastic rheological behavior, both considered excellent for larger scale production.(3) Sensory evaluation of additives in commercial chocolate milk was performed by the overall acceptability with hedonic scale employing 40 potential consumers. SPC:SA formulation with vitamins was the most applicable.For all the above mentioned, the formulations, specially SPC:SA with vitamins E and C, are excellent candidates as additives to incorporated in chocolate milk.From liposomes to functional chocolate milk: Image: Liposomes: SPC, soy phosphatidylcholine; SA, stearic acid; CaS, calcium stearate. First graph: Vitamin C protection, pH > 5. Second graph: Sensory evaluation in chocolate milk, SPC:SA the best suited.
Regioselective Annulation of Unsymmetrical 1,2‐Phenylenebis(diaryl/diheteroarylmethanol): A Facile Synthesis of Anthracene, Tetracene, and Naphtho[b]thiophene Analogues
Authors: Sivasakthikumaran Ramakrishnan , Rafiq Settu Muhammad , Sankar Elumalai , Clement J. Arul , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA systematic study on the regioselective cyclization of benzene‐ and naphthalene‐based unsymmetrical diols with HBr (33 %) in acetic acid at room temperature led to the formation of annulation products. By using this method, synthesis of a wide variety of anthracene, tetracene and naphtho[b]thiophene analogues was achieved in good to excellent yields. By employing HBr (33 %) in acetic acid as a catalyst for regioselective cyclization of unsymmetrical diols was very facile and devoid of commonly encountered dihydroisobenzofuran formation.
Facile and Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of syn‐ and cis‐1,2‐Diol Derivatives from Protected α‐Hydroxy Ketones
Authors: Jahn Emanuela , Smrček Jakub , Pohl Radek , Císařová Ivana , Jones Peter G. , Jahn Ullrich 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAn efficient method for the synthesis of monoprotected syn‐ or cis‐1,2‐diol derivatives by reduction of easily accessible α‐(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxy) ketones is reported. The α‐(tetramethylpiperidinyloxy) group as the stereodirecting group induces in unhindered acyclic or cyclic ketones complete syn‐ or cis‐diastereoselectivity, respectively, with L‐Selectride. For more hindered derivatives, where L‐Selectride becomes unreactive, LiAlH4 proved effective, essentially showing the same high selectivity. The diastereoselectivity of the reduction can be rationalized for acyclic ketones by the Felkin–Anh model, whereas for cyclic substrates, attack from the face opposite to the tetramethylpiperidinyloxy group predictably prevails with high selectivity regardless of the substitution pattern. The liberation of free diols was achieved by reductive N–O bond cleavage of the alkoxyamine unit.
Exergy Analysis as a Tool for Decision Making on Substrate Concentration and Light Intensity in Photobiological Hydrogen Production
Authors: Dadak Ali , Aghbashlo Mortaza , Tabatabaei Meisam , Najafpour Ghasem , Younesi Habibollah 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study was devoted to the comprehensive thermodynamic modeling of biohydrogen production using the light‐dependent bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. Conventional exergy and eco‐exergy concepts were employed for decision making on the carbon source concentration and light intensity. Several thermodynamic indicators were applied to identify optimal experimental variables with respect to the sustainability issues. The results obtained using both concepts were remarkably different from each other because of the incorporation of the work of the information embodied in the genomes of the living microorganisms considered in the eco‐exergetic computations. However, both analyses identified 1 g L−1 substrate concentration and 1000 lux light intensity as optimal fermentation conditions. Under these conditions, the normalized exergy destruction as a decision making parameter was 179.7 and 171.54 kJ kJ
−1 using the conventional exergy and eco‐exergy concepts, respectively.
Change in carbohydrate and enzymes from harvest to sprouting in garlic
Authors: Mashayekhi Kambiz , Mohammadi Chiane Siamak , Mianabadi Manizheh , Ghaderifar Farshid , Mousavizadeh Seyyed Javad 
Published: November 2015

AbstractChanges in carbohydrates, enzymes, and pigments were investigated in the Red Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. Azarshahr bulbs in storage from harvest to sprouting. For storage period, garlic cloves of the same diameter with 3–4 g weight were arranged in dark condition and exposed to 4 and 21°C, separately. Soluble sugar, total sugar, glucose, sucrose, fructose, starch, chlorophyll a, b, ab, carotenoid, anthocyanin, lipase, α‐amylase, and protease were measured every 2 weeks up to sprouting time. Result revealed that starch, lipase, and protease levels declined at the end of storage when clove sprouting started at both 4 and 21°C storage temperature. Starch, glucose, chlorophyll a, b, ab, and carotenoid content during the first 14 days and sucrose at 42 days showed a decreasing trend. Anthocyanin showed an increasing trend 14 and 42 days after harvesting and then decreased at the end of storage (when sprouting began) at both 4 and 21°C storage periods. Finally, starch, glucose, and sucrose measurement can be used as a criterion to predict sprouting time of garlic, due to the decrease in the levels of starch, lipase, and protease, and increase in the levels of α‐amylase, glucose, and sucrose in garlic cloves under storage.
Chemoselection combined with alternating chemoradiotherapy or surgery for hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Matsuzuka Takashi , Sato Hisashi , Suzuki Ryo , Suzuki Masahiro , Saijoh Satoshi , Ikeda Masakazu , Nakaegawa Yuta , Tani Akiko , Imaizumi Mitsuyoshi , Matsui Takamichi , Nomoto Yukio , Nomoto Mika , Tada Yasuhiro , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Omori Koichi 
Published: November 2015

Objectives/HypothesisIn order to make possible organ preservation, since 2007 our hospital has performed induction chemotherapy (ICT) with cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil (PF) for hypopharyngeal cancer as chemoselection, followed by alternating chemoradiotherapy (ACRT) with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil in (TPF) good responders and curative surgery was used in poor responders.MethodsTwenty‐six patients with stage III to stage IVB hypopharyngeal cancer received ICT. Eleven of the patients were classified as poor responders and received curative surgery. The remaining 15 patients were classified as good responders. Three of these patients underwent curative surgery, and the remaining 12 underwent ACRT.ResultsThe primary lesions in the 12 ACRT patients responded completely to treatment without severe late toxicities. The estimated 3‐year laryngectomy‐free rate for all 26 patients was 23%. The estimated 3‐year overall survival rates for all 26 patients, 12 patients treated with ACRT, and 14 patients who underwent curative surgery, were 79%, 75%, and 84%, respectively.ConclusionThe patients who underwent ACRT showed no significant difference in overall survival compared with the patients who underwent curative surgery. All the patients were able to proceed with this series of therapy, indicating that ICT with PF could be a feasible tool for choosing good responders. Because ACRT with TPF had a high response rate and fewer severe toxicities, this treatment could be safe and have enough impact to control hypopharyngeal cancer in good responders.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:1349–1353, 2016
New Fluoropolymers Having Both Low Water Uptake and a Low Dielectric Constant
Authors: He Fengkai , Jin Kaikai , Wang Jiajia , Luo Yijie , Sun Jing , Fang Qiang 
Published: November 2015

Polymers with both low water uptake and a low dielectric constant have seen interest from both the electronic and microelectronic industries for several years. They play a crucial role in maintaining the good operating situation of devices, whereas most other materials are unsatisfactory. In this contribution, two new fluoropolymers are reported, which are derived from the thermo‐crosslinking reaction of functional monomers containing perfluorocyclobutane and benzocyclobutene moieties. These polymers show water uptake ranging from 0.11 to 0.31% after immersion in boiling water (near 98 °C) for 96 h, and exhibit dielectric constants (k) of below 2.4 at a range of frequencies from 0.1 MHz to 30 MHz. In contrast, a comparative polymer without perfluorocyclobutane units has a k value of more than 2.70 and water uptake of 0.67%, respectively, suggesting that the low water absorption and dielectric constants of the fluoropolymers can be attributed to the existence of perfluorocyclobutane groups in the molecular backbone. These results also indicate that the properties of the fluoropolymers are superior to these of the most commercial polymeric low‐k materials, implying that these fluoropolymers could be used as the varnish for enameled wire in the electrical industry and as encapsulation resins in the microelectronics industry.
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Evaluation of DNA extraction kits and phylogenetic diversity of the porcine gastrointestinal tract based on Illumina sequencing of two hypervariable regions
Authors: Burbach Katharina , Seifert Jana , Pieper Dietmar H. , Camarinha‐Silva Amélia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA robust DNA extraction method is important to identify the majority of microorganisms present in environmental microbial communities and to enable a consistent comparison between different studies. Here, 15 manual and four automated commercial DNA extraction kits were evaluated for their efficiency to extract DNA from porcine feces and ileal digesta samples. DNA yield, integrity, and purity varied among the different methods. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) and Illumina amplicon sequencing were used to characterize the diversity and composition of the microbial communities. We also compared phylogenetic profiles of two regions of the 16S rRNA gene, one of the most used region (V1–2) and the V5–6 region. A high correlation between community structures obtained by analyzing both regions was observed at genus and family level for ileum digesta and feces. Based on our findings, we want to recommend the FastDNA™ SPIN Kit for Soil (MP Biomedical) as a suitable kit for the analyses of porcine gastrointestinal tract samples.
An Euler–Lagrange particle approach for modeling fragments accelerated by explosive detonation
Authors: Price Matthew A. , Nguyen Vinh‐Tan , Hassan Oubay , Morgan Ken 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn this paper, a method is proposed for modeling explosive‐driven fragments as spherical particles with a point‐particle approach. Lagrangian particles are coupled with a multimaterial Eulerian solver that uses a three‐dimensional finite volume framework on unstructured grids. The Euler–Lagrange method provides a straightforward and inexpensive alternative to directly resolving particle surfaces or coupling with structural dynamics solvers. The importance of the drag and inviscid unsteady particle forces is shown through investigations of particles accelerated in shock tube experiments and in condensed phase explosive detonation. Numerical experiments are conducted to study the acceleration of isolated explosive‐driven particles at various locations relative to the explosive surface. The point‐particle method predicts fragment terminal velocities that are in good agreement with simulations where particles are fully resolved, while using a computational cell size that is eight times larger. It is determined that inviscid unsteady forces are dominating for particles sitting on, or embedded in, the explosive charge. The effect of explosive confinement, provided by multiple particles, is investigated through a numerical study with a cylindrical C4 charge. Decreasing particle spacing, until particles are touching, causes a 30–50% increase in particle terminal velocity and similar increase in gas impulse. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review on the Reactivity of 1,1‐Diamino‐2,2‐dinitroethylene (FOX‐7)
Authors: Zhang Yu , Sun Qian , Xu Kangzhen , Song Jirong , Zhao Fengqi 
Published: November 2015

Abstract1,1‐Diamino‐2,2‐dinitroethylene (FOX‐7) is a novel high‐energy insensitive material with good thermal stability and low sensitivity, and exhibits excellent application performance in the field of insensitive ammunitions and solid propellant. Although FOX‐7 is simple in molecular composition and structure, its chemical reactivity is abundant and surprising, including salification reaction, coordination reaction, nucleophilic substitution reaction, acetylate reaction, oxidizing reaction, reduction reaction, electrophilic addition reaction, among other reactions. These reactions are systemically summarized and some reaction mechanisms are analyzed in this review.
Ultrafast study of phonon transport in isotopically controlled semiconductor nanostructures
Authors: Issenmann Daniel , Eon Soizic , Bracht Hartmut , Hettich Mike , Dekorsy Thomas , Buth Gernot , Steininger Ralph , Baumbach Tilo , Lundsgaard Hansen John , Nylandsted Larsen Arne , Ager Joel W. , Haller Eugene E. , Plech Anton 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIsotopically modulated silicon and germanium multilayers are analyzed by means of femtosecond spectroscopy and pulsed X‐ray scattering for determining thermal conductivity and phonon modes. Isotopic modulation decreases thermal conductivity stronger than expected from a band bending model in the coherent phonon transport regime, in particular for silicon. Femtosecond spectroscopy and X‐ray scattering resolve zone‐folded vibration modes, which are located at the edge of the new, smaller Brillouin zone due to the multilayer periodicity. These modes can contribute to the reduction of thermal conductivity by Umklapp processes within the zone‐folded mini‐bands.Color‐coded increase in ultrafast X‐ray scattering in vicinity to the mini‐zone boundary of a germanium multilayer.
Optimal transient performance under output set‐point reset
Authors: Jetto Leopoldo , Orsini Valentina , Romagnoli Raffaele 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe purpose of this paper is to propose a new method for the optimization of the output transition in the case of set‐point reset for LTI, non‐minimum phase, possibly non‐hyperbolic plants. Assuming that the plant is stabilized by a proper feedback controller, the problem consists in finding a feedforward linear filter yielding a suitable reference trajectory for the closed‐loop system. The approach situates in the framework of model pseudo‐inversion because the external reference trajectory is computed starting from some desired features of the transient output between the two set points. A significant aspect of the new method is that the transition trajectory is not ‘ad hoc’ exactly prespecified by the designer. Rather, it is implicitly defined by the procedure for the minimization of a suitable multi‐objective quadratic cost functional. As no pre‐actuation is required, the method can be practically implemented on line and also works for the critical class of non‐hyperbolic systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach: A Series of the First 60 Human Cases
Authors: Anuwong Angkoon 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundNatural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery has been adopted for thyroid surgery because of its potential for scar‐free operation. However, the previous technique still has some limitations. Thus, we present our initial experience in transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA).MethodsFrom April 2014 to January 2015, we used a three‐port technique through the oral vestibule, one 10‐mm port for laparoscope and two additional 5‐mm ports for instruments. The CO2 insufflation pressure was set at 6 mm Hg. An anterior cervical subplatysmal space was created from the oral vestibule down to the sternal notch. The thyroidectomy was done endoscopically using conventional laparoscopic instruments and an ultrasonic device.ResultsA series of 60 procedures were accomplished successfully. 42 patients had single‐thyroid nodules, and a lobectomy was performed. 22 patients had multinodular goiters and two patients had Graves’ disease, with total thyroidectomy or Hartley‐Dunhill procedures performed. Two had papillary thyroid carcinoma, and total thyroidectomy with central node dissection was performed. The median operative time was 115.5 min (range 75–300 min). The median blood loss was 30 mL (range 8–130 mL). Two patients experienced a transient hoarseness, which was resolved within 2 months. One patient experienced a late postoperative hematoma, which was treated conservatively. No mental nerve injury or infections were found. The patients were discharged in an average of 3.6 days (range 2–7 days) postoperatively.ConclusionTOETVA is safe and feasible, resulting in no visible scarring. This technique may provide a method for ideal cosmetic results.
A randomized trial of sublingual misoprostol to augment routine third‐stage management among women at risk of postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Chaudhuri Picklu , Majumdar Arindam 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether a combination of misoprostol and oxytocin is more beneficial than oxytocin alone in reducing blood loss after vaginal delivery among women with known risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).MethodsA randomized, double‐blind trial was conducted in a medical college in eastern India among women aged at least 18 years who had known high‐risk factors for PPH. Using a computer‐generated random number sequence (block size 6–8), participants were randomly assigned to receive 400 μg misoprostol or matched placebo tablets sublingually, in addition to 10 units of oxytocin, after vaginal delivery. The primary outcomes were postpartum blood loss at 1 hour and frequency of PPH. Analyses were by intention to treat.ResultsBoth groups contained 144 participants. Postpartum blood loss at 1 hour after delivery was significantly lower among women who received misoprostol than among those who received placebo (225.8 ± 156.7 mL vs 302.4 ± 230.3 mL; P < 0.001). The frequency of moderate PPH (500–999 mL) was significantly lower in the group receiving misoprostol than in the placebo group (5 [3.5%] vs 15 [10.4%] participants; P = 0.03).ConclusionAs compared with oxytocin alone, misoprostol with oxytocin more effectively reduced blood loss after vaginal delivery among women at risk of PPH.Clinical Trial Registry India: CTRI/2014/03/004491
Radiofrequency ablation versus partial nephrectomy for treatment of renal masses: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pan Xiu‐Wu , Cui Xin‐Ming , Huang Hai , Huang Yi , Li Lin , Wang Zhi‐Jun , Qu Fa‐Jun , Gao Yi , Cui Xin‐Gang , Xu Dan‐Feng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOur study was to collect the data available in the literature on radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and partial nephrectomy (PN) and conduct a cumulative analysis on perioperative outcomes, renal function outcomes, and survival to evaluate the overall safety and efficacy of RFA versus PN for small renal cell cancer (SRCC). A literature search was carried out using various electronic databases. Data including age, tumor size, comorbid disease, operation duration, hospital stay, pre‐ and postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), major and minor complications, and local tumor recurrence and metastasis were collected for meta‐analysis. Sixteen studies were included for this meta‐analysis. The age of patients treated with RFA was significantly older than that of patients treated with PN [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 5.07 years]. There were more patients with cardiovascular disease in RFA group as compared with PN group [odds ratio (OR) = 4.24] before treatment. RFA was associated with a shorter length of hospital stay compared with PN (WMD = −2.02 days). No significant difference was found in major and minor complications between the two groups (major: OR = 0.74; minor: OR = 0.45). Preoperative eGFR and eGFR decline in RFA patients was significantly lower than that in PN patients (WMD = −7.27 and −4.82, respectively), whereas there was no significant difference in postoperative eGFR (WMD = −1.18). The local tumor recurrence rate in RFA group was higher than that in PN group (OR = 1.81). However, the distant metastasis rate was no statistical difference between the two groups (OR = 1.63). RFA is a suitable therapeutic option for older patients and those at high risk for SRCC because of a low risk of operation and better preservation of renal function.