bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient uncertainty quantification in a spatially multiscale model of pulmonary arterial and venous hemodynamics
Authors: Colebank M. J. , Chesler N. C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PH) is a debilitating disease that alters the structure and function of both the proximal and distal pulmonary vasculature. This alters pressure-flow relationships in the pulmonary arterial and venous trees, though there is a critical knowledge gap in the relationships between proximal and distal hemodynamics in disease. Multiscale computational models enable simulations in both the proximal and distal vasculature. However, model inputs and measured data are inherently uncertain, requiring a full analysis of the sensitivity and uncertainty of the model. Thus, this study quantifies model sensitivity and output uncertainty in a spatially multiscale, pulse-wave propagation model of pulmonary hemodynamics. The model includes fifteen proximal arteries and twelve proximal veins, connected by a two-sided, structured tree model of the distal vasculature. We use polynomial chaos expansions to expedite sensitivity and uncertainty quantification analyses and provide results for both the proximal and distal vasculature. We quantify uncertainty in blood pressure, blood flow rate, wave intensity, wall shear stress, and cyclic stretch. The latter two are important stimuli for endothelial cell mechanotransduction. We conclude that, while nearly all the parameters in our system have some influence on model predictions, the parameters describing the density of the microvascular beds have the largest effects on all simulated quantities in both the proximal and distal arterial and venous circulations.
Are aortic biomechanical properties early markers of dilatation in patients with Marfan syndrome? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rosnel Claire , Sivera Raphael , Cervi Elena , Danton Mark , Schievano Silvia , Capelli Claudio , Aggarwal Ankush 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough tissue stiffness is known to play an important role in aortic dilatation, the current guidelines for offering preventative surgery in patients with Marfan syndrome rely solely on the aortic diameter. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we analyze and compare literature on in vivo aortic stiffness measures in Marfan patients. Our aim is to assess the potential of these measurements as early indicators of aortic dilatation. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we collected literature on diameter and three in vivo stiffness measures: Pulse wave velocity (PWV), $$\beta $$
β
-stiffness index (SI) and distensibility, at five different aortic locations in patients with Marfan syndrome. Results were reviewed and compared against each other. For meta-analysis, an augmented dataset was created by combining data from the literature. Regression with respect to age and statistical comparisons were performed. Thirty articles reporting data from 1925 patients with Marfan and 836 patients without Marfan were reviewed. PWV was found to be higher in Marfan, but only in dilated aortas. Distensibility was found to be lower even in non-dilated aortas, and its decrease was associated with higher chances of developing aortic dilatation. $$\beta $$
β
-SI was higher in Marfan patients and was positively correlated with the rate of aortic dilatation, emphasizing its role as a valuable indicator. In our meta-analysis, all stiffness measures showed a significant variation with age. Distensibility and $$\beta $$
β
-stiffness index were different in Marfan patients at all locations, and the difference was more pronounced after accounting for age-related variation. From the literature, $$\beta $$
β
-SI and distensibility emerge as the best predictors of future aortic dilatation. Our meta-analysis quantifies age-related changes in aortic stiffness and highlights the importance of accounting for age in comparing these measurements. Missing diameter values in the literature limited our analysis. Further investigation of criteria combining stiffness and diameter is recommended to better assist clinical decisions for prophylactic surgery.
3D Features Fusion for Automated Segmentation of Fluid Regions in CSCR Patients: An OCT-based Photodynamic Therapy Response Analysis
Authors: Goyanes Elena , de Moura Joaquim , Fernández-Vigo José I. , García-Feijóo Julián , Novo Jorge , Ortega Marcos 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a significant cause of vision impairment worldwide, with Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) emerging as a promising treatment strategy. The capability to precisely segment fluid regions in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scans and predict the response to PDT treatment can substantially augment patient outcomes. This paper introduces a novel deep learning (DL) methodology for automated 3D segmentation of fluid regions in OCT scans, followed by a subsequent PDT response analysis for CSCR patients. Our approach utilizes the rich 3D contextual information from OCT scans to train a model that accurately delineates fluid regions. This model not only substantially reduces the time and effort required for segmentation but also offers a standardized technique, fostering further large-scale research studies. Additionally, by incorporating pre- and post-treatment OCT scans, our model is capable of predicting PDT response, hence enabling the formulation of personalized treatment strategies and optimized patient management. To validate our approach, we employed a robust dataset comprising 2,769 OCT scans (124 3D volumes), and the results obtained were significantly satisfactory, outperforming the current state-of-the-art methods. This research signifies an important milestone in the integration of DL advancements with practical clinical applications, propelling us a step closer towards improved management of CSCR. Furthermore, the methodologies and systems developed can be adapted and extrapolated to tackle similar challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of other retinal pathologies, favoring more comprehensive and personalized patient care.
Amplitude and duration hazard-consistent ground-motion selection for seismic risk assessment in Mexico City
Authors: López-Castañeda Alhelí S. , Martín del Campo Osvaldo , Reinoso Eduardo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe emphasis of seismic design regulations on applying nonlinear dynamic analyses (NDAs) promotes using accelerograms that characterize site-specific ground motions. Commonly, amplitude levels of such accelerograms are defined by a target spectrum that could be based on a uniform hazard spectrum (UHS), which is determined by a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) and represents a response spectrum with ordinates having an equal probability of being exceeded within a given return period, $${T}_{r}$$

T
r

. Conversely, the definition of ground-motion duration levels is not yet properly defined in current regulations to select accelerograms. Thus, adhering to data handling as that for amplitude ground-motion parameters, this study motivates executing PSHAs to define hazard-consistent levels for the ground-motion duration. That is, accelerograms can be selected to match both amplitude and duration ground-motion levels associated with $${T}_{r}$$

T
r

. Further, fragility functions conditional on $${T}_{r}$$

T
r

that cover typical performance objectives can be developed using sets of hazard-consistent accelerograms to implement, e.g., multiple stripe analyses (MSAs). To demonstrate the importance of choosing fully hazard-consistent accelerograms to perform NDAs, this study includes the displacement- and energy-based seismic-response evaluation of a steel frame building located at different soil-profile sites in Mexico City. Sets of fully hazard-consistent accelerograms and solely amplitude-based hazard-consistent accelerograms were artificially generated per site for values of $${T}_{r}$$

T
r

up to 5000 years. Results indicate that the probability of failure can be underestimated if the ground-motion duration is unvaried in MSAs, e.g., structural damage caused by 50-year return-period or higher events can be more noticeable when fully hazard-consistent accelerograms take place.
Copper doped hydroxyapatite nanocomposite thin films: synthesis, physico–chemical and biological evaluation
Authors: Ciobanu Carmen Steluta , Predoi Daniela , Iconaru Simona Liliana , Predoi Mihai Valentin , Ghegoiu Liliana , Buton Nicolas , Motelica-Heino Mikael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCu-doped hydroxyapatite (CuHAp) thin films were obtained using spin coating method. To make these thin films, CuHAp suspensions obtained by sol–gel method were used. The coatings obtained were thermally treated at 500 °C. After the thermal treatment, the thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the stability of the suspensions before being used to obtain the thin films was certified by dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential methods and ultrasound measurements. In the XRD patterns, the peaks associated with hexagonal hydroxyapatite were identified in accordance with JCPDS no. 09-0432. EDS and XPS results confirmed the presence of Cu ions in the samples. Data about the morphological features and chemical composition of CuHAp thin films were obtained by performing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. Our results suggest that the CuHAp thin films surface is continuous and homogenous. The presence of the functional groups in the CuHAp thin films was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy studies. Information about the surface topography of the CuHAp thin films has been obtained using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM images determined that the surface topography of the CuHAp thin layer is homogenous and continuous without presenting any unevenness or fissures. The cytotoxicity of CuHAp thin films was assessed using human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) cells. The results of the cell viability assays demonstrated that the thin films presented good biocompatible properties towards the HGF-1 cells. Additionally, the adherence and development of HGF-1 cells on the surface of CuHAp thin films were determined using AFM. The AFM surface topographies highlighted that the CuHAp thin film’s surface favored the attachment and proliferation of HGF-1 cells on their surface.
Proteasome activity inhibition mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress-apoptosis in triptolide/lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Cheng Ruohan , Jiang Yihan , Zhang Yue , Ismail Mohammed , Zhang Luyong , Jiang Zhenzhou , Yu Qinwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTriptolide (TP) is a major active and toxic composition of the Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. (TWHF), exhibiting various therapeutic bioactivities. Among the toxic effects, the hepatotoxicity of TP deserves serious attention. Previously, our research group proposed a new view of TP-related hepatotoxicity: hepatic hypersensitivity under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. However, the mechanism of TP/LPS-induced hepatic hypersensitivity remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying TP/LPS-induced hypersensitivity from the perspective of the inhibition of proteasome activity, activated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related apoptosis, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results showed that N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a common ROS inhibitor, decreased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, which are associated with FLIP enhancement. Moreover, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an ERS inhibitor, was able to alleviate TP/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity by reducing ERS-related apoptosis protein expression (GRP78, p-eIF2α/eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP) and ROS levels, with ATF4 being an indispensable mediator. In addition, the proteasome activity inhibitor MG-132 further aggravated ERS-related apoptosis, which indicated that the inhibition of proteasome activity also plays an important role in TP/LPS-related liver injuries. In summary, we propose that TP/LPS may upregulate the activation of ERS-associated apoptosis by inhibiting proteasome activity and enhancing ROS production through ATF4.
Graphical Abstract
U.S. Housing Outcomes by Race, Ethnicity, and Sexual Orientation, 2005–2021
Authors: Jepsen Christopher , Jepsen Lisa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Using American Community Survey data from 2005 to 2021, we document differences in housing outcomes by race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Relative to White couples, Black couples have substantially lower homeownership probabilities and home values. The Hispanic-White gap in housing outcomes is smaller than the Black-White gap. With respect to sexual orientation, same-sex couples have lower ownership probabilities than married, different-sex couples. By revealing where inequities in housing exist, our results can inform policies to close the gaps in housing outcomes.
Unraveling bacterial stress responses: implications for next-generation antimicrobial solutions
Authors: Avci Fatma Gizem 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe accelerated spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria has caused a serious health problem and rendered antimicrobial treatments ineffective. Innovative approaches are crucial to overcome the health threat posed by resistant pathogens and prevent the emergence of untreatable infections. Triggering stress responses in bacteria can diminish susceptibility to various antimicrobials by inducing resistance mechanisms. Therefore, a thorough understanding of stress response control, especially in relation to antimicrobial resistance, offers valuable perspectives for innovative and efficient therapeutic approaches to combat antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress responses of 8 different bacteria by analyzing reporter metabolites, around which significant alterations were observed, using a pathway-driven computational approach. For this purpose, the transcriptomic data that the bacterial pathogens were grown under 11 different stress conditions mimicking the human host environments were integrated with the genome-scale metabolic models of 8 pathogenic species (Enterococcus faecalis OG1R, Escherichia coli EPEC O127:H6 E2348/69, Escherichia coli ETEC H10407, Escherichia coli UPEC 536, Klebsiella pneumoniae MGH 78578, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA252, and Staphylococcus aureus MSSA476). The resulting reporter metabolites were enriched in multiple metabolic pathways, with cofactor biosynthesis being the most important. The results of this study will serve as a guide for the development of antimicrobial agents as they provide a first insight into potential drug targets.
Multilevel Modelling in Economics: A Way to Test the Natural-Partner Hypothesis
Authors: Martínez-Martínez Alejandra , Esteve-Pérez Silviano , Gil-Pareja Salvador , Llorca-Vivero Rafael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study applies multilevel modelling to the analysis of trade flows. This methodology can complement the use of the standard gravity equation in addressing the influence of geographical distance on the impact of trade agreements on bilateral trade (the natural-partner hypothesis). The analysis suggests that the simplest, most obvious, and best way to nest country pairs with international trade data is by distance. To this end, a sample of 69 countries with data on domestic flows over the period 1986–2016 was used. This sample accounts for around 85% of world trade data. The estimations suggest that the pro-trade effects of preferential trade agreements decrease with distance to trade partners, while this does not occur with the multilateral trading system. What is more interesting is that the former result only holds for the preferential trade agreements involving goods, which supports the natural-trading partner hypothesis, but not for those that include services. In the latter case, the impact increases with distance. This suggests that deeper preferential trade agreements reduce the cost of distance as a barrier to trade, which probably reflects cultural (regulation) distance.
Novel Program Connects Medical Students with Startups Focused on Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Brown Danielle E. , Malinovitch Angela , Posner Hannah , Indrakanti Deepak , Sharma Medha , Karamardian Michael , Dine C. Jessica 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Understanding health equity is critical for the development of patient-centered physicians, but few avenues exist for medical students to participate in experiential learning related to social determinants of health (SDOH).

Aim
To create and evaluate the PennHealthX SDOH Accelerator Program, which pairs students with health equity startups.

Setting
The program matches medical students at our institution with startups focused on SDOH for voluntary, part-time internships.

Participants
Medical students of all years are eligible to apply. Startups are typically early-stage (≤ 10 employees).

Program Description
Two pre-clinical students lead the program. Startups are sourced via alumni networking, partnerships with venture capital firms, and cold outreach. Startups and students apply and are matched based on project goals and student backgrounds/skills. Upon completion, feedback is gathered through open-ended interviews with all students.

Program Evaluation
Twenty medical students were matched with 11 startups. In post-program interviews, students expressed high satisfaction. Students specifically valued the opportunity to learn about SDOH in a hands-on and solution-oriented way.

Discussion
This program gives students the opportunity to impact their communities and learn about addressing SDOH with innovative solutions. We are continuing to build the program at our institution and expand its impact to other medical schools.
Protection from oxygen–glucose deprivation by neurosteroid treatment in primary neurons and oligodendrocytes
Authors: Moloney Roisin , Pavy Carlton L. , Kahl Richard G. S. , Palliser Hannah K. , Hirst Jon J. , Shaw Julia C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPreterm birth results in an increased risk of neonatal brain injury and neurobehavioural disorders. Despite the seriousness of these adverse outcomes, there are currently no effective therapies to protect the vulnerable developing brain. We propose that neurosteroid replacement therapy may be a novel approach in reducing detrimental neurological outcomes following preterm birth. The use of guinea pig primary neuronal and oligodendrocyte cultures with relevance to late gestation allows insight into the mechanisms behind the effectiveness of these treatments. Primary neuronal and oligodendrocyte cultures were derived from fetal guinea pig frontal cortex brain tissue at gestational age 62 (GA62). Cell cultures were pre-treated with either etifoxine (5 µM) or zuranolone (1 µm) for 24 h prior to insult. Cells were then exposed to either oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD; 0% O2 and no glucose DMEM; preterm birth insult) or sham (standard cell culture conditions; 25 mM DMEM) for 2 h. Lactate dehydrogenase assay (LDH) was performed following OGD as a measure of cytotoxicity. Relative mRNA expression of key neuronal and oligodendrocyte markers, as well as neuronal receptors and transporters, were quantified using high throughput (Fluidigm) RT-PCR. OGD significantly increased cellular cytotoxicity in both neurons and oligodendrocytes. Additionally, key neuronal marker mRNA expression was reduced following OGD, and oligodendrocytes displayed arrested mRNA expression of key markers of lineage progression. Treatment with etifoxine restored a number of parameters back to control levels, whereas treatment with zuranolone provided a robust improvement in all parameters examined. This study has demonstrated the neuroprotective potential of neurosteroid replacement therapy in a model of hypoxia related to preterm birth. Neuroprotection appears to be mediated through glutamate reduction and increased brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Future work is warranted in examining these treatments in vivo, with the overall aim to suppress preterm associated brain damage and reduce long term outcomes for affected offspring.
State of the Art of Coupled Thermo–hydro-Mechanical–Chemical Modelling for Frozen Soils
Authors: Li Kai-Qi , Yin Zhen-Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNumerous studies have investigated the coupled multi-field processes in frozen soils, focusing on the variation in frozen soils and addressing the influences of climate change, hydrological processes, and ecosystems in cold regions. The investigation of coupled multi-physics field processes in frozen soils has emerged as a prominent research area, leading to significant advancements in coupling models and simulation solvers. However, substantial differences remain among various coupled models due to the insufficient observations and in-depth understanding of multi-field coupling processes. Therefore, this study comprehensively reviews the latest research process on multi-field models and numerical simulation methods, including thermo-hydraulic (TH) coupling, thermo-mechanical (TM) coupling, hydro-mechanical (HM) coupling, thermo–hydro-mechanical (THM) coupling, thermo–hydro-chemical (THC) coupling and thermo–hydro-mechanical–chemical (THMC) coupling. Furthermore, the primary simulation methods are summarised, including the continuum mechanics method, discrete or discontinuous mechanics method, and simulators specifically designed for heat and mass transfer modelling. Finally, this study outlines critical findings and proposes future research directions on multi-physical field modelling of frozen soils. This study provides the theoretical basis for in-depth mechanism analyses and practical engineering applications, contributing to the advancement of understanding and management of frozen soils.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Peri-and Post-operative Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Scott Shane S. , Gouchoe Doug A. , Azap Lovette , Henn Matthew C. , Choi Kukbin , Mokadam Nahush A. , Whitson Bryan A. , Pawlik Timothy M. , Ganapathi Asvin M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Despite efforts to curtail its impact on medical care, race remains a powerful risk factor for morbidity and mortality following cardiac surgery. While patients from racial and ethnic minority groups are underrepresented in cardiac surgery, they experience a disproportionally elevated number of adverse outcomes following various cardiac surgical procedures. This review provides a summary of existing literature highlighting disparities in coronary artery bypass surgery, valvular surgery, cardiac transplantation, and mechanical circulatory support.

Recent Findings
Unfortunately, specific causes of these disparities can be difficult to identify, even in large, multicenter studies, due to the complex relationship between race and post-operative outcomes. Current data suggest that these racial/ethnic disparities can be attributed to a combination of patient, socioeconomic, and hospital setting characteristics.

Summary
Proposed solutions to combat the mechanisms underlying the observed disparate outcomes require deployment of a multidisciplinary team of cardiologists, anesthesiologists, cardiac surgeons, and experts in health care equity and medical ethics. Successful identification of at-risk populations and the implementation of preventive measures are necessary first steps towards dismantling racial/ethnic differences in cardiac surgery outcomes.