bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, morphology and specific magnetization of the electrodeposited Zn-Ni-P thin films on copper substrate from non-cyanide electrolyte
Authors: Popescu Ana , Yanuskevich Kazimir , Demidenko Olga , Calderon Moreno Jose , Neacşu Elena , Constantin Virgil 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Thin films of Zn-Ni-P on a copper substrate were synthesized by electrodeposition from chloride baths. It was found that the diffraction reflections of the crystal structure of Zn-Ni-P thin layers occur at thicknesses d ≥ 5 µm. The X-ray diffraction studies results confirm the formation in the Zn-Ni-P films of ZnNi10P3 compound. The morphology of the obtained films was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS). The films are continuous and have a typical topography with many homogeneous globular features. EDS confirmed the formation of Zn-Ni-P coating only in 2 samples with Zn:Ni:P atomic ratios of 1:8:4 and 4:8:3, respectively. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the chemistry and the thickness of the studied thin films. At room temperature and thickness d ≥ 5 µm the investigated thin layers exhibit high values of the specific magnetizations in the range (25–37) A m2 kg−1, leading to the potential use in devices, appliances and electronics. The Curie temperature values of the synthesized Zn-Ni-P films were determined. It was found that by heating Zn-Ni-P thin layers of thicknesses d ≥ 5 µm up to a temperature T=900 K an interaction was detected with the copper substrate leading to a lower specific magnetization.
The application of oscillating chemical reactions to analytical determinations
Authors: Ren Jie , Zhang Xiaoyan , Gao Jinzhang , Yang Wu 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Oscillating chemical reactions, which are far from equilibrium, are extremely sensitive to certain species and may provide new analytical methods using the regular oscillations as well as the non-equilibrium stationary state after system bifurcation. This review of their application to analytical chemistry from 2005 to 2012 includes other appropriate references. Both organic and inorganic analytes are included.
Reliability of protonation constants of vildagliptin dimers by the regression analysis of pH-titration data
Authors: Meloun Milan , Ferenčíková Zuzana , Niesnerová Irena , Pekárek Tomáš 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Protonation constants of protonated monomers and dimers of the vildagliptin are determined potentiometrically. For the low concentration c L = 3.3 mmol dm−3 the monomers L and LH dominate, while for a higher concentration c L = 6.3 mmol dm−3 the dimers L2H2, L2H3, L2H4 and L2H are mainly present. The algorithm used has little influence on the precision of the formation constants in comparison with the reproducibility of the titration. The mixed protonation constants of vildagliptin dimers Lq Hr at various temperatures are determined using FBSTAC4 and HYPERQUAD regression analysis of the potentiometric titration data. The accuracy of the protonation constants log10 βqr depends on the accuracy of the group parameters. As two group parameters L 0, H T are ill conditioned in a model, their determination is therefore uncertain; both can significantly cause a systematic error in the estimated common parameters log10 βqr . Using various regression diagnostics the goodness-of-fit proves the reliability of all parameter estimates. A rough estimation of thermodynamic enthalpies ΔH 0 (kJ mol−1) and entropies ΔS 0 (J K−1 mol−1) is determined from the temperature variation of protonation constants. The enthalpy shows the protonation process is exothermic, and the entropy indicates that it is spontaneous.
Catalysis and compensation effect of K2CO3 in low-rank coal — CO2 gasification
Authors: Skodras George 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The CO2 gasification of a low rank coal catalysed by K2CO3 was studied, at 700–950°C and 1 atm. A two level full factorial design revealed that the gasification reaction was sensitive to the solid residence time, reaction temperature, CO2 partial pressure and catalyst load. K2CO3 was an efficient catalyst at all temperatures studied, particularly during the second stage when the Boudouard reaction dominates. The gasification rate was increased continuously with increasing catalyst load up to a load of ∼20% w/w K2CO3 concentration, following a sigmoid curve. Above this point, limited catalytic effect was observed, possibly due to the saturation of the lignite surface by K+. A correlation was found to exist between the catalytic gasification rate and the Alkali Index, which increased with the impregnation of the inorganic K2CO3 salt. When K2CO3 load increased, the Arrhenius parameters, E and k 0, increased simultaneously exhibiting a compensation effect. The isokinetic temperature was found about 600 to 650°C corresponding to the minimum temperature required for the formation of catalytic active intermediates. At temperatures studied, the catalytic active intermediates seemed to be always present and the catalysis progresses unhindered due to the redox cycle, resulting in high rates and conversion.
Synthesis and spectral characterization of stannocanes of the type [O(CH2CH2S)2SnR2](R=Me1,Bun2,Ph3)
Authors: Tarassoli Abbas , Kord Adibeh 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The stannocanes of the type [O(CH2CH2S)2SnR2](R=Me1,Bun2,Ph3) have been synthesized in an improved method by the reaction of R2SnCl2 with 2, 2′-oxydiethanethiol O(CH2CH2SH)2 in molar ratio of 1:1 at the presence of sodium ethoxide in anhydrous ethanol. The reactions are carried out under inert atmosphere. These compounds have been extensively characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, multi-nuclear (1H, 13C, 119Sn) NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectrometry. The obtained data clearly indicates that, there is a strong interaction between oxygen atom of the ligand as a donor and Sn atom of the organotin species as a Lewis acid acceptor. Therefore, the resulted dithiostannocanes possess a transannular secondary bonding and hypervalency at the central Sn atom which leads to an increase in the coordination number of tin from four to five-coordinated tin.
On the calculation of the Dunkl-Williams constant of normed linear spaces
Authors: Mizuguchi Hiroyasu , Saito Kichi-Suke , Tanaka Ryotaro 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Recently, Jiménez-Melado et al. [Jiménez-Melado A., Llorens-Fuster E., Mazcuñán-Navarro E.M., The Dunkl-Williams constant, convexity, smoothness and normal structure, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 2008, 342(1), 298–310] defined the Dunkl-Williams constant DW(X) of a normed linear space X. In this paper we present some characterizations of this constant. As an application, we calculate DW(ℓ2-ℓ∞) in the Day-James space ℓ2-ℓ∞.
On locally graded barely transitive groups
Authors: Betin Cansu , Kuzucuoğlu Mahmut 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
We show that a barely transitive group is totally imprimitive if and only if it is locally graded. Moreover, we obtain the description of a barely transitive group G for the case G has a cyclic subgroup 〈x〉 which intersects non-trivially with all subgroups and for the case a point stabilizer H of G has a subgroup H
1 of finite index in H satisfying the identity χ(H
1) = 1, where χ is a multi-linear commutator of weight w.
On the dimension of the attractor for a perturbed 3d Ladyzhenskaya model
Authors: Pražák Dalibor , Žabenský Josef 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
We consider the so-called Ladyzhenskaya model of incompressible fluid, with an additional artificial smoothing term ɛΔ3. We establish the global existence, uniqueness, and regularity of solutions. Finally, we show that there exists an exponential attractor, whose dimension we estimate in terms of the relevant physical quantities, independently of ɛ > 0.
A Perron-type theorem for nonautonomous delay equations
Authors: Barreira Luis , Valls Claudia 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
We show that if the Lyapunov exponents of a linear delay equation x′ = L(t)x
t are limits, then the same happens with the exponential growth rates of the solutions to the equation x′ = L(t)x
t + f(t, x
t) for any sufficiently small perturbation f.
Prediction for a planned relaparotomy in secondary peritonitis
Authors: Sileikis A. , Kazanavicius D. , Skrebunas A. , Ostapenko A. , Strupas K. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Aims. To devise a scoring system for clinical variables related to positive findings at relaparotomy in secondary peritonitis. Methods. We have retrospectively studied 195 cases of patients after relaparotomy. According to the operation’s findings, the patients were divided into two groups: ‘relaparatomy unnecessary’ group A, ‘relaparotomy necessary’ group B. 6 factors (age, sex, leukocyte count, C reactive protein, time of symptoms to index operation, Mannheim Peritonitis Index) were evaluated in respect to their significance in decision making for relaparotomy. The predictive value for positive operation`s findings of these factors was evaluated by logistic multivariate regression analysis. According to this model a risk scoring system was created to support the decision whether to perform a relaparotomy. Results. Relaparotomy was unnecessary (Group A) for 154 (79,0%) patients, for 41 (21,0%) it was necessary (Group B). Comparing the groups A and B, we found a significant difference in patients’ mean age (54 v. 63 years, p=0,002), mean CRP level (133,2 v. 182,8 mg/L, p=0,025), mean time of symptoms to index operation (38,1 v. 67,1 hours, p=0,006) and mean MPI value (22,4 v. 29,4, p<0,0001). According to the above-mentioned predictors, a scoring system was devised: −0,17-(0,003×patient’s age years)+(0.153×time of symptoms to index operation hours)-(0,297×MPI)+(0,192×CRP mg/l). The score was 24,798±25,593 in group A and 36,572±32,543 in group B(p=0,028). Conclusions: Scoring system was devised to assist in creating treatment strategy after secondary peritonitis. If the score is ≥37, a planned relaparotomy should be performed. If the score is ≤24, other diagnostic and therapeutic tactics should be applied.
Size and Symmetry of Trunk Muscles in Ballet Dancers With and Without Low Back Pain
Authors: Gildea Jan E. , Hides Julie A. , Hodges Paul W. 
Published: April 2013

Study Design Cross-sectional, observational study. Objectives To investigate the cross-sectional area (CSA) of trunk muscles in professional ballet dancers with and without low back pain (LBP). Background LBP is the most prevalent chronic injury in classical ballet dancers. Research on nondancers has found changes in trunk muscle size and symmetry to be associated with LBP. There are no studies that examine these changes in ballet dancers. Methods Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 14 male and 17 female dancers. The CSAs of 4 muscles (multifidus, lumbar erector spinae, psoas, and quadratus lumborum) were measured and compared among 3 groups of dancers: those without LBP or hip pain (n = 8), those with LBP only (n = 13), and those with both hip-region pain and LBP (n = 10). Results Dancers with no pain had larger multifidus muscles compared to those with LBP at L3–5 (P<.024) and those with both hip-region pain and LBP at L3 and L4 on the right side (P<.027). Multifidus CSA was larger on the left side at L4 and L5 in dancers with hip-region pain and LBP compared to those with LBP only (P<.033). Changes in CSA were not related to the side of pain (all, P>.05). The CSAs of the other muscles did not differ between groups. The psoas (P<.0001) and quadratus lumborum (P<.01) muscles were larger in male dancers compared to female dancers. There was a positive correlation between the size of the psoas muscles and the number of years of professional dancing (P = .03). Conclusion In classical ballet dancers, LBP and hip-region pain and LBP are associated with a smaller CSA of the multifidus but not the erector spinae, psoas, or quadratus lumborum muscles. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(8):525–533. Epub 30 April 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4523
Les références aux anciens et aux modernes chez les grammairiens latins du 16e siècle (Linacre, Scaliger, Ramus, Sanctius)
Authors: Colombat Bernard 
Published: April 2013

RÉSUMÉ: Cet article a pour objet d’étudier quelle place quatre grammairiens du 16e s. accordent à leurs prédécesseurs, qu’ils soient antiques, médiévaux ou humanistes. Linacre n’inscrit pas d’emblée son De emendata
(1524) dans un contexte historique, mais n’hésite pas à citer auteurs antiques et contemporains pour approuver ou discuter leurs textes. Scaliger (De causis, 1540) condamne constamment la tradition antérieure (cf. les 632 erreurs répertoriées dans l’Index errorum), mais en masquant le plus souvent l’identité des personnes derrière des formules générales. En plusieurs endroits des Scholae grammaticae (1569), Ramus dresse un tableau critique d’une genèse des parties du discours, en montrant son incohérence grandissante. Dans sa Minerva
(1587), Sanctius revient de façon encore plus critique sur cette genèse, tentant de retrouver dans le Sophiste de Platon un classement des mots en cinq catégories principales et attaquant systématiquement L. Valla. Même si l’on retrouve parfois chez ces quatre grammairiens le souci d’établir une chronologie, leur entreprise relève moins de l’histoire proprement dite que de la doxographie, chacun d’entre eux convoquant ses prédécesseurs comme des contradicteurs avec qui il doit engager une disputatio.
Meillet historiographe du comparatisme
Authors: Savastovsky Dan 
Published: April 2013

RÉSUMÉ: L’article porte sur le type d’histoire des sciences mis en oeuvre par Meillet dans son Aperçu sur le développement de la grammaire comparée,
publié en appendice à l’Introduction à l’étude comparative des langues indoeuropéennes
(1903). On situe d’abord la parution de l’Aperçu dans le contexte de la «crise des fondements» à laquelle doit faire face le comparatisme des années 1880-1910. Puis on met ce texte en regard des autres principales synthèses historiographiques produites par les linguistes fin 19e-début 20e s., notamment celles de Delbrück (1880) et de Pedersen (1916). Après avoir examiné la place que Meillet accorde à Schleicher, on s’attache surtout à son interprétation des apports de l’école néogrammairienne. On précise ensuite dans quelle mesure les révisions et les «retouches» des six premières rééditions de l’Introduction ou la «refonte» inaboutie de la septième (1934), elles-mêmes éclairées par les nombreuses remarques d’ordre historiographique figurant dans d’autres travaux de Meillet, prennent en compte les nouvelles découvertes (le hittite) et les nouvelles tendances du comparatisme après 1900. Enfin, on indique à quelles conditions et sous quelles formes l’histoire d’une science comme la grammaire comparée, quand elle est écrite par les praticiens eux-mêmes, participe du franchissement du seuil de disciplinarisation de cette science.
Varron et la constitution des paradigmes flexionnels du latin
Authors: Garcea Alessandro 
Published: April 2013

In book X of his De Lingua Latina, Varro conceived a mathematical model of Latin inflection. After taking into account the function of mathematics in Roman republican culture, we will show the relationship between this famous passage and the ancient mathematical literature. We will also study the indirect influence of the Varronian model – especially through the occurrences of the technical word formula
that defines it – on late Latin grammarians.
Depictions of language and languages in early Tamil literature – How Tamil became cool and straight
Authors: Wilden Eva 
Published: April 2013

This paper aims at following up the development of the basic designation of the language called Tamil (tamiḻ) and its perception of otherness, i. e. other languages, especially the «Northern language » (vaṭa-moḻi & al.), in the early, pre-theoretical and non-theoretical, literature of the first millennium of the common era. The variety of literary genres and texts serving quite different purposes preserves a multiplicity of voices which have not survived into the relatively narrow circles interested in grammatical discourse. Already in the oldest literary corpus, that of the
Caṅkam, the word tamiḻ is occasionally used for territory, people and language, but also for a learned literary tradition. A marked increase can be observed from the 7th century onwards, where we find both in courtly and even more so in devotional texts the onset of a conscious promotion of Tamil, often in implicit contrast to Sanskrit. The epicentre of the movement seems to be located in the Shaiva tradition.
Regulation of VH Replacement by B Cell Receptor–Mediated Signaling in Human Immature B Cells
Authors: Liu Jing , Lange Miles D. , Hong Sang Yong , Xie Wanqin , Xu Kerui , Huang Lin , Yu Yangsheng , Ehrhardt Götz R. A. , Zemlin Michael , Burrows Peter D. , Su Kaihong , Carter Robert H. , Zhang Zhixin 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
VH replacement provides a unique RAG-mediated recombination mechanism to edit nonfunctional IgH genes or IgH genes encoding self-reactive BCRs and contributes to the diversification of Ab repertoire in the mouse and human. Currently, it is not clear how VH replacement is regulated during early B lineage cell development. In this article, we show that cross-linking BCRs induces VH replacement in human EU12 μHC+ cells and in the newly emigrated immature B cells purified from peripheral blood of healthy donors or tonsillar samples. BCR signaling–induced VH replacement is dependent on the activation of Syk and Src kinases but is inhibited by CD19 costimulation, presumably through activation of the PI3K pathway. These results show that VH replacement is regulated by BCR-mediated signaling in human immature B cells, which can be modulated by physiological and pharmacological treatments.
Targeting of Antigens to B Lymphocytes via CD19 as a Means for Tumor Vaccine Development
Authors: Ma Yunfeng , Xiang Dong , Sun Jinwen , Ding Chuanlin , Liu Min , Hu Xiaoling , Li Guoxin , Kloecker Goetz , Zhang Huang-ge , Yan Jun 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Ab therapy against surface Ags on tumor cells has demonstrated significant efficacy for some cancers. However, it is costly and patients frequently develop acquired resistance over time. In cases of Ab therapy resistance, T cell responses have been shown to be essential in controlling disease progression. Thus, vaccination that generates a sustained Ab response as well as a T cell response may be more effective and economical. In this article, we have developed a vaccination strategy by targeting protein Ags to B cells via a CD19 single-chain variable fragment miniAb. Using the tumor-associated Ag her-2/neu extracellular domain, we showed that the coengagement of CD19 and BCR induced full B cell activation to produce a high titer of Abs and enhanced CD4 Th2 response and CD8 T cell activation and differentiation. These Abs competitively inhibited humanized her-2/neu Ab binding and were capable of activating the complement and inhibiting human breast cancer growth in vitro. Therapeutic efficacy was demonstrated in vivo using murine mammary carcinoma models. Furthermore, four different extracellular domains of her-2/neu could be targeted to B cells to generate Abs against particular domains with different antitumor properties. This approach may offer a new avenue for vaccine development with significantly lower cost, which may be of use not only for cancer therapy but also for infectious agents.
Engineered Regulatory T Cells Coexpressing MHC Class II:Peptide Complexes Are Efficient Inhibitors of Autoimmune T Cell Function and Prevent the Development of Autoimmune Arthritis
Authors: Qian Zhaohui , Latham Kary A. , Whittington Karen B. , Miller David C. , Brand David D. , Rosloniec Edward F. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical homeostatic components in preventing the development of autoimmunity, and are a major focus for their therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases. To enhance the efficacy of Tregs in adoptive therapy, we developed a strategy for generating engineered Tregs that have the capacity to target autoimmune T cells in an Ag-specific manner. Using a retroviral expression system encoding Foxp3 and HLA-DR1 covalently linked to the immunodominant peptide of the autoantigen type II collagen (DR1-CII), naive T cells were engineered to become Tregs that express DR1-CII complexes on their surface. When these cells were tested for their ability to prevent the development of collagen induced arthritis, both the engineered DR1-CII-Foxp3 and Foxp3 only Tregs significantly reduced the severity and incidence of disease. However, the mechanism by which these two populations of Tregs inhibited disease differed significantly. Disease inhibition by the DR1-CII-Foxp3 Tregs was accompanied by significantly lower numbers of autoimmune CII-specific T cells in vivo and lower levels of autoantibodies in comparison with engineered Tregs expressing Foxp3 alone. In addition, the numbers of IFN-γ– and IL-17–expressing T cells in mice treated with DR1-CII-Foxp3 Tregs were also significantly reduced in comparison with mice treated with Foxp3 engineered Tregs or vector control cells. These data indicate that the coexpression of class II autoantigen–peptide complexes on Tregs provides these cells with a distinct capacity to regulate autoimmune T cell responses that differs from that used by conventional Tregs.
IL-33 Induces Nuocytes and Modulates Liver Injury in Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Liang Yuejin , Jie Zuliang , Hou Lifei , Aguilar-Valenzuela Renan , Vu David , Soong Lynn , Sun Jiaren 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Molecules containing damage-associated molecular patterns play an important role in many pathogenic processes. In this study, our aim was to investigate the role of IL-33, a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, in adenovirus (Ad)-induced liver inflammation. Ad-infected mice exhibited a steadily increased IL-33 and its receptor IL-1R–like 1 expression in the liver during the first week of infection. Treatment of exogenous IL-33 resulted in a great decrease in the serum alanine aminotransferase levels and the number of Councilman bodies in the liver. Attenuated liver injury by IL-33 correlated with an increase in T regulatory cells but with a decrease in macrophages, dendritic cells, and NK cells in the liver. IL-33 enhanced both type 1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and type 2 (IL-5 and IL-13) immune responses in infected mice. However, IL-33 inhibited TNF-α expression in hepatic T cells and macrophages, and significantly reduced TNF-α levels in the liver. We found that in addition to its direct effects, IL-33 strongly induced novel nuocytes in the livers and spleens of infected mice. When cocultured with nuocytes, hepatic T cells and macrophages expressed lower levels of TNF-α. The IL-33–treated mice also demonstrated a slight delay, but no significant impairment, in eliminating an intrahepatic infection with Ad. In conclusion, this study reveals that IL-33 acts as a potent immune stimulator and a hepatoprotective cytokine in acute viral hepatitis. Its direct immunoregulatory functions and ability to induce novel nuocytes further suggest to us that it may be a potentially promising therapeutic candidate for the management of viral hepatitis.