bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic correlates between clock genes and phenology among populations of Diederik cuckoo, Chrysococcyx caprius
Authors: Le Clercq L. S. , Phetla V. , Osinubi S. T. , Kotzé A. , Grobler J. P. , Dalton D. L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Diederik cuckoo, Chrysococcyx caprius, is a small Afrotropical bird in the family Cuculidae. It is taxonomically related to 13 other species within the genus Chrysococcyx and is migratory in sub‐Saharan Africa. It has a unique breeding behaviour of being a brood parasite: Breeding pairs lay their eggs in the nests of a host species and hatchlings expel the eggs of the host species. The aim of the present study was to investigate diversity in two circadian clock genes, Clock and Adcyap1, to probe for a relationship between genetic polymorphisms and their role in circannual timing and habitat selection (phenology) in intra‐African migrants. DNA extracted from blood was used for the PCR amplification and sequencing of clock genes in 30 Diederik cuckoos. Three alleles were detected for Clock with similar genotypes between individuals from the Northern and Southern breeding ranges while 10 alleles were detected for Adcyap1, having shorter alleles in the North and longer alleles in the South. Population genetic analyses, including allele frequency and zygosity analysis, showed distinctly higher frequencies for the most abundant Clock allele, containing 10 polyglutamine repeats, as well as a high degree of homozygosity. In contrast, all individuals were heterozygous for Adcyap1 and alleles from both regions showed distinct differences in abundance. Comparisons between both clock genes and phenology found several phenotypic correlations. This included evidence of a relationship between the shorter alleles and habitat selection as well as a relationship between longer alleles and timing. In both instances, evidence is provided that these effects may be sex‐specific. Given that these genes drive some of the synchronicity between environments and the life cycles of birds, they provide valuable insight into the fitness of species facing global challenges including climate change, urbanisation and expanding agricultural practices.
Cardiac biomarkers for screening and prognostication of cardiac dysfunction in critically ill patients
Authors: Cavefors Oscar , Einarsson Freyr , Holmqvist Jakob , Bech‐Hanssen Odd , Ricksten Sven‐Erik , Redfors Björn , Oras Jonatan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to assess the use of high‐sensitivity troponin T (hsTNT) and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) in screening for cardiac dysfunction [left ventricular (LV) systolic or diastolic dysfunction or right ventricular (RV) dysfunction] in mixed intensive care unit (ICU) patients and establish whether these biomarkers are independently associated with an increased risk of death.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of a single‐centre prospective observational study in which consecutive ICU patients were examined with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cardiac biomarkers. Patients with systolic or diastolic LV dysfunction, RV dysfunction or a combination of these were compared with patients with normal cardiac function. Sensitivity and specificity for different cut‐off levels were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Regression models were used to evaluate the associations between cardiac biomarkers, sepsis, renal failure and mortality.ResultsA total of 276 patients were included. Most of the patients had cardiac dysfunction on TTE (64%). Combined cardiac dysfunction was most prevalent (71 patients, 26%), followed by isolated diastolic LV dysfunction (40 patients, 15%). Levels of hsTNT and NT‐proBNP were higher in all types of cardiac dysfunction versus patients with normal cardiac function. The area under the curve (AUC) for hsTNT to detect any cardiac dysfunction was 0.75. An optimal cut‐off at 30.5 ng/L rendered a positive predictive value (PPV) of 80% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 58%. The AUC for NT‐proBNP to detect any cardiac dysfunction was 0.788. Using an optimal cut‐off at 1145 ng/L rendered a PPV of 86% and an NPV of 58%. Using a clinically relevant 90% sensitivity for detecting cardiac dysfunction put the cut‐offs at 14.1 ng/L for hsTNT and 247 ng/L for NT‐proBNP, resulting in a specificity of 48% and 46%, respectively. Levels of NT‐proBNP were associated with sepsis and renal failure (P < 0.001), while levels of hsTNT were associated with renal failure only (P < 0.001) after adjustment for cardiac dysfunction. Levels of biomarkers were associated with an increased risk of 90 day mortality after adjustments for age, Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3, cardiac dysfunction and factors independently associated with biomarker increase (sepsis and renal failure) (P = 0.048 for hsTNT and P < 0.006 for NT‐proBNP).ConclusionCardiac biomarkers, hsTNT and NT‐proBNP, are strongly correlated to cardiac dysfunction in ICU patients and have a robust association with increased mortality. However, the relatively low NPV and the low specificity at relevant sensitivity levels of the biomarkers make them unsuitable for use in screening for cardiac dysfunction.
A case report of right‐sided heart failure secondary to JAK2‐mutation Loeffler endocarditis
Authors: Liu Xi , Liu Limin , Yan Zhiguo , Sun Lin , Ma Menghuai , Xiang Yi , Cai Xiang , Wang Xiaoqi , Yang Wenhui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLoeffler's endocarditis (LE) is the cardiac manifestation of hypereosinophilic syndrome. We present a case of LE in a 45‐year‐old female, resulting in diffuse endothelial fibrosis and severe right‐sided heart failure. The patient was admitted with dyspnoea and oedema, with haematology revealing an absolute eosinophil count of 20.9 × 109. Imaging showed near‐complete obliteration of the right ventricular apical and formation of thromboses. Endomyocardial biopsy indicated diffuse fibrous hyperplasia of the endocardium with fibrinous thrombi rich in eosinophils. Molecular and cytogenetic analyses of bone marrow cells showed no signs of FIP1L1‐PDGFRA fusion, PDGFRB mutation, abnormal myeloid maturation, or a lymphoproliferative disorder. Flow cytometry indicated no clonality, ruling out chronic eosinophilic leukaemia. Gene mutation screening discovered a p.L583_A586delinesS mutation in the JAK2 gene. Following treatment with ruxolitinib, the patient's eosinophil levels normalized, but unfortunately, the damage to the heart was irreversible. The patient was hospitalized multiple times due to right heart failure and resistance to diuretics. After thorough discussions with the medical team, it was determined that a heart transplantation would be the most effective treatment. Following the surgery, the patient successfully navigated the postoperative critical period with the support of an intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP), continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and ventilator‐assisted ventilation but subsequently developed an acquired Intensive care unit‐acquired weakness (ICU‐AW) and a depressive state. Fortunately, the patient gradually recovered from these complications.
Cardiovascular toxicities of immune therapies for cancer – a scientific statement of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC and the ESC Council of Cardio‐Oncology
Authors: Tocchetti Carlo Gabriele , Farmakis Dimitrios , Koop Yvonne , Andres Maria Sol , Couch Liam S. , Formisano Luigi , Ciardiello Fortunato , Pane Fabrizio , Au Lewis , Emmerich Max , Plummer Chris , Gulati Geeta , Ramalingam Sivatharshini , Cardinale Daniela , Brezden‐Masley Christine , Iakobishvili Zaza , Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh , Santoro Ciro , Bergler‐Klein Jutta , Keramida Kalliopi , de Boer Rudolf A. , Maack Christoph , Lutgens Esther , Rassaf Tienush , Fradley Michael G. , Moslehi Javid , Yang Eric H. , De Keulenaer Gilles , Ameri Pietro , Bax Jeroen , Neilan Tomas G. , Herrmann Joerg , Mbakwem Amam C. , Mirabel Mariana , Skouri Hadi , Hirsch Emilio , Cohen‐Solal Alain , Sverdlov Aaron L. , van der Meer Peter , Asteggiano Riccardo , Barac Ana , Ky Bonnie , Lenihan Daniel , Dent Susan , Seferovic Petar , Coats Andrew J.S. , Metra Marco , Rosano Giuseppe , Suter Thomas , Lopez‐Fernandez Teresa , Lyon Alexander R. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe advent of immunological therapies has revolutionized the treatment of solid and haematological cancers over the last decade. Licensed therapies which activate the immune system to target cancer cells can be broadly divided into two classes. The first class are antibodies that inhibit immune checkpoint signalling, known as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The second class are cell‐based immune therapies including chimeric antigen receptor T lymphocyte (CAR‐T) cell therapies, natural killer (NK) cell therapies, and tumour infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapies. The clinical efficacy of all these treatments generally outweighs the risks, but there is a high rate of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs), which are often unpredictable in timing with clinical sequalae ranging from mild (e.g. rash) to severe or even fatal (e.g. myocarditis, cytokine release syndrome) and reversible to permanent (e.g. endocrinopathies).The mechanisms underpinning irAE pathology vary across different irAE complications and syndromes, reflecting the broad clinical phenotypes observed and the variability of different individual immune responses, and are poorly understood overall. Immune‐related cardiovascular toxicities have emerged, and our understanding has evolved from focussing initially on rare but fatal ICI‐related myocarditis with cardiogenic shock to more common complications including less severe ICI‐related myocarditis, pericarditis, arrhythmias, including conduction system disease and heart block, non‐inflammatory heart failure, takotsubo syndrome and coronary artery disease. In this scientific statement on the cardiovascular toxicities of immune therapies for cancer, we summarize the pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of ICI, CAR‐T, NK, and TIL therapies. We also highlight gaps in the literature and where future research should focus.
Electronic Structure of trans‐[VIICl2(E(CH3)2CH2CH2E(CH3)2)2], E=N, P
Authors: Jafari Mehrafshan G. , Zolnhofer Eva M. , Fehn Dominik , Heinemann Frank W. , Opalade Adedamola A. , Carroll Patrick J. , Meyer Karsten , Krzystek J. , Ozarowski Andrew , Mindiola Daniel J. , Jackson Timothy A. , Telser Joshua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCoordination complexes of general formula trans‐[MX2(R2ECH2CH2ER2)2] (MII=Ti, V, Cr, Mn; E=N or P; R=alkyl or aryl) are a cornerstone of coordination and organometallic chemistry. We investigate the electronic properties of two such complexes, trans‐[VCl2(tmeda)2] and trans‐[VCl2(dmpe)2], which thus represent trans‐[MX2(R2ECH2CH2ER2)2] where M=V, X=Cl, R=Me and E=N (tmeda) and P (dmpe). These VII complexes have S=3/2 ground states, as expected for octahedral d3. Their tetragonal distortion leads to zero‐field splitting (zfs) that is modest in magnitude (D≈0.3 cm−1) relative to analogous S=1 TiII and CrII complexes. This parameter was determined from conventional EPR spectroscopy, but more effectively from high‐frequency and ‐field EPR (HFEPR) that determined the sign of D as negative for the diamine complex, but positive for the diphosphine, which information had not been known for any trans‐[VX2(R2ECH2CH2ER2)2] systems. The ligand‐field parameters of trans‐[VCl2(tmeda)2] and trans‐[VCl2(dmpe)2] are obtained using both classical theory and ab initio quantum chemical theory. The results shed light not only on the electronic structure of VII in this environment, but also on differences between N and P donor ligands, a key comparison in coordination chemistry.
High‐stability two‐dimensional perovskite LaNb2O7 for high‐performance wide‐temperature (80–780 K) UV light detection and human motion detection
Authors: Zhang Yong , Yao Jian , Wang Lin , Chen Long , Du Junyi , Zhao Pin , Guo Qing , Zhang Zhen , Kang Lixing , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe unity of high‐stability and high‐performance in two‐dimensional (2D) material devices has consistently posed a fundamental challenge. Halide perovskites have shown exceptional optoelectronic properties but poor stability. Conversely, oxide perovskites exhibit exceptional stability, yet hardly achieve their high photoelectric performances. Herein, for the first time, high‐stability 2D perovskite LaNb2O7 (LNO) is engineered for high‐performance wide‐temperature UV light detection and human motion detection. High‐quality LNO nanosheets are prepared by solid‐state calcination and liquid‐phase exfoliation technique, resulting in exceptional stability against high temperature, acid, and alkali solutions. As expected, individual LNO nanosheet device achieves ultra‐wide temperature (80–780 K) and ultra‐high (3.7 × 104 A W−1 at 780 K) UV light detection. Importantly, it shows high responsivity (171 A W−1), extraordinary detectivity (4 × 1012 Jones), fast speed (0.3/97 ms), and long‐term stability under ambient conditions. In addition, wafer‐scale LNO film devices can be used as pixel array detectors for UV imaging, and large‐area flexible LNO film devices exhibit satisfactory photodetection performance after repeated bending tests. Interestingly, LNO nanosheets also exhibit distinct piezoelectric characteristics, which can serve as high‐sensitivity stress sensors for human motion detection. These encouraging results may pave the way for more innovative advances in 2D perovskite oxide materials and their diverse applications.image
The LTAR Grazing Land Common Experiment at Northern Plains
Authors: Toledo David , Hendrickson John , Liebig Mark , Kobilansky Chantel , Carrlson Andrew , Kronberg Scott , Christensen Rachael , Archer David , Branson David , Rand Tatyana , Campbell Joshua , Igathinathane Cannayen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe USDA Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network aims to enhance sustainable agricultural management practices through a coordinated, cross‐site common experiment involving 18 locations across the United States. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the LTAR Grazing Land Common Experiment at the Northern Plains (NP) site, where an experiment was initiated in 2019 to answer producers' and researchers' questions about whether the tactical application of fire or grazing can reduce the dominance of invasive Kentucky bluegrass in northern Great Plains ecosystems. As part of the LTAR common experiment, we contrast a prevailing practice (season‐long grazing at moderate stocking rate) with four alternative practices at a half‐hectare plot scale: (1) mob grazing by cattle, (2) multi‐species grazing (mob grazing by cattle, with goats foraging at key times of the year), (3) prescribed fire, and (4) prescribed fire followed by cattle grazing. A stakeholder group is engaged in the co‐production process to determine alternative practices and how to apply them. Every 5 years, the treatment with the best overall outcomes is applied at a field scale (15 ha), resulting in a core treatment contrast of prevailing versus alternative grazing management systems. This experiment aims to develop alternative agroecological practices that optimize current and future economic and ecosystem benefits.
Globalization and the “zero hunger” goal in Africa: Starving in an open world?
Authors: Ketu Isaac , Nguea Stéphane Mbiankeu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite commendable efforts to end hunger and achieve Sustainable Development Goal 2, the prevalence of undernourishment is still inadmissibly high, especially in Africa. Though important determinants of undernourishment have been documented, little is known about the role of globalization. This paper aims to fill this gap using a sample of 48 African countries over 2000–2020 period and data from the KOF globalization index and the World Bank dataset. The results from Driscoll and Kraay's Standard Errors and Instrumental Variable Generalized Method of Moments (IVGMM) methods show that globalization reduces both the prevalence of undernourishment and child stunting in African countries. Accounting for the dimensions of globalization, the results show that while economic globalization is negatively associated with food security, social and political globalization enhances it. Moreover, income growth, government size and access to electricity are identified as channels through which globalization reduces hunger in Africa. African governments should develop evidence‐based policies and interventions that leverage the opportunities presented by globalization to ensure food security.
アルカレミアを呈した正常血糖糖尿病性ケトアシドーシスの1例(Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis with alkalemia: a case report)
Authors: 朱音 堀内 , 紀博 渡邉 , 実幸 宮里 , 晴矢 紺野 , 正和 新田 
Published: August 2024

要旨糖尿病性ケトアシドーシス（diabetic ketoacidosis: DKA）は重篤な急性代謝障害や循環不全から死に至りうる病態である。多くはアシデミアや高血糖を根拠に診断されるが，われわれはDKAでありながら，アルカレミアと正常血糖を同時に呈した症例を経験した。40歳代の女性で，SGLT2阻害薬を含む血糖降下薬を内服する糖尿病患者が呼吸困難感を主訴に救急搬送された。動脈血液ガス分析では過換気によるアルカレミアと正常血糖値を呈していたが，アニオンギャップ開大よりDKAの存在が示唆された。輸液負荷とインスリン治療を行ったところ病態が改善し，βヒドロキシ酪酸の異常高値も確認されDKAと診断した。近年，アルカレミアを来すDKAや，SGLT2阻害薬の副作用により正常血糖値を呈するDKAに注意喚起がなされているが，両者は同時併存することもありうる。体調不良を訴える糖尿病患者の血液ガス分析では，アシデミアや高血糖を認めない場合にあっても，背景に隠された代謝性アシドーシスを見逃さないようアニオンギャップに注意を払うべきである。
Morphometric analysis and functional insights into the serotonergic system of Girardia tigrina (Tricladida, Platyhelminthes)
Authors: Kreshchenko Natalia D. , Ermakov Artem M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUsing immunocytochemistry, serotonergic nerve elements were documented in the nervous system of the planarian Girardia tigrina. Serotonin‐immunopositive components were observed in the brain, ventral, dorsal and longitudinal nerve cords, transverse nerve commissures connecting the nerve cords, and in the nerve plexus. Whole‐mount preparations of G. tigrina were analyzed by fluorescent and confocal laser scanning microscopy. An essential quantitative morphometric measurement of serotonin‐immunopositive structures was conducted in three body regions (anterior, middle, and posterior) of the planarian. The number of serotonin neurons was maximal in the head region. The ventral nerve cords gradually decreased in thickness from anterior to posterior body ends. Physiological action of exogenously applied serotonin was studied in G. tigrina for the first time. It was found that serotonin (0.1 and 1 µmol L−1) accelerated eye regeneration. The transcriptome sequencing performed for the first time for the planarian G. tigrina revealed the transcripts of the tryptophan hydroxylase (trph), amino acid decarboxylase (aadc) and serotonin transporter (sert) genes. The data obtained indicate the presence of the components of serotonin pathway in G. tigrina. The identified transcripts can take part in serotonin turnover and participate in the realization of biological effects of serotonin in planarians, associated with eyes regeneration and differentiation.
Operational challenges and collaborative solutions in radiology image interpretation: perspectives from imaging departments in a low‐resource setting
Authors: Karera Abel , Davidson Florence , Engel‐Hills Penelope 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionMedical imaging's critical role in diagnosis requires prompt and precise image interpretation. Numerous radiology departments, especially in low‐resourced settings, encounter challenges such as a shortage of radiologists in their operational setup. This study explored the perceptions of radiographers and radiologists from low‐resourced departments in a single country regarding operational challenges and potential solutions in image interpretation.MethodsA qualitative approach was utilised, involving heads of departments, senior radiographers, and radiologists with a minimum of 5 years of experience, from three major state referral hospitals. Face‐to‐face, semi‐structured interviews were conducted in November 2022, using an interview guide that included questions on the challenges encountered during image interpretation and the proposed solutions. Data analysis was conducted using Atlas.ti version 9.0, following the four‐step content analysis method. All participants willingly provided consent to participate in the study.ResultsTen participants, comprising two radiologists and eight radiographers participated in the study. The research identified three main themes: image interpretation pathways, image interpretation operational challenges and proposed solutions for image interpretation. In addition, a total of 10 subthemes were generated from the three main themes.ConclusionThe study revealed critical challenges and the need to explore the formal inclusion of radiographers in image interpretation, as a way to improve efficiency. However, a comprehensive assessment of the image interpretation system, encompassing radiographers' knowledge and competence, is recommended for context‐specific, empirical‐based modifications to enhance service provision.
An ultra‐fast ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method for estimating the in vitro metabolic stability of palbociclib in human liver microsomes: In silico study for metabolic lability, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion features, and DEREK alerts screening
Authors: Attwa Mohamed W. , Abdelhameed Ali S. , Kadi Adnan A. 
Published: August 2024

Palbociclib (Ibrance; Pfizer) was approved for the management of metastatic breast cancer characterized by hormone receptor‐positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative status. The objective of this study was to create a fast, precise, environmentally friendly, and highly sensitive ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry approach for quantifying palbociclib (PAB) in human liver microsomes with the application for assessing metabolic stability. The validation features were performed in agreement with the bioanalytical method validation standards outlined by the US Food and Drug Administration. The StarDrop software (WhichP450 and DEREK modules) was used in screening the metabolic lability and structural alerts of PAB. The separation of PAB and encorafenib (as an internal standard) was achieved on a C8 column, employing an isocratic mobile phase. The inter‐day and intra‐day accuracy and precision ranged from ‐6.00% to 4.64% and from ‐2.33% to 3.13%, respectively. The constructed calibration curve displayed a linearity in the range of 1–3000 ng/mL. The sensitivity of the established approach was proven by the lower limit of quantification of 0.73 ng/mL. The Analytical GREEness calculator results revealed the high level of greenness of the developed method. The PAB's metabolic stability (t1/2 of 18.5 min and a moderate clearance (Clint) of 44.8 mL/min/kg) suggests a high extraction ratio medication that matched the WhichP450 software results.