bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Control Treatments on Young Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) Plants
Authors: Ohrtman Michelle K. , Clay Sharon A. , Waughtel Shauna , Moriles Janet 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPreventing the establishment of saltcedar in new areas requires early detection and rapid response. However, it is unclear when saltcedar develops perennating tissue and which treatments are most efficacious for young plants. The effectiveness of mowing, herbicide, and fire treatments, alone and in combination, was evaluated on saltcedar plants grown from seed to 4, 8, and 12 wk age in 2011 and 6 and 12 wk age in 2012. Plants were clipped to 2 cm height or remained intact. Plants were then exposed to no treatment (control), herbicide application (0.12 mg ae imazapyr), or treated with fire for 30 or 60 s. Six weeks after treatment, plant survival and tallest living shoot height were recorded and roots were dried and weighed for biomass comparison. Saltcedar survival increased with greater plant age. No 4-wk-old plants survived herbicide or fire treatments, whereas 6-wk-old plants were eliminated by fire. Clipping alone did not control plants of any age but clipping before fire was the most effective control for older plants. Herbicide alone did not kill 8- and 12-wk-old plants during the study period, but reduced plant vigor suggests that these applications may be effective in the long-term. Fire alone for 60 s was the most effective single treatment for 12-wk-old plants. Root biomass was reduced for all treatments relative to untreated plants with the lowest biomass typically associated with fire treatments. Resprouts were shortest for combined clipping and herbicide and clipping and fire treatments. Results indicate that saltcedar grown from seed can develop viable belowground reproductive tissues between 6 and 8 wk after germination. Multiple intensive control practices may be required to kill saltcedar plants ≥8 wk of age, whereas younger plants can be controlled by single, less-intensive treatments such as fire.
Restoring Abandoned Agricultural Lands in Cold Desert Shrublands: Tradeoffs between Water Availability and Invasive Species
Authors: Chambers Jeanne C. , Eldredge Eric P. , Snyder Keirith A. , Board David I. , Forbis de Queiroz Tara , Hubbard Vada 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRestoration of abandoned agricultural lands to create resilient ecosystems in arid and semi-arid ecosystems typically requires seeding or transplanting native species, improving plant–soil–water relations, and controlling invasive species. We asked if improving water relations via irrigation or surface mulch would result in negative tradeoffs between native species establishment and invasive species competition. We examined the effects of sprinkler irrigation and straw mulch on native seed mixtures planted in two consecutive years in an abandoned agricultural field in a cold desert shrubland in southwestern Nevada, USA. Restoration effects differed among years because of contingency effects of growing season conditions. Precipitation was low during the first year and seeded plant density and biomass increased in response to irrigation. Precipitation was relatively high during the second year, seeded plant densities and biomass were generally high, and irrigation had inconsistent effects. Mulch increased native plant cover in the absence of irrigation during the dry year. Invasive plant biomass and cover also were influenced by year, but irrigation increased invasive plants regardless of precipitation. Positive effects of irrigation on seeded plant density, cover, and biomass outweighed negative tradeoffs of increases in invasive plants. In ecosystems with highly variable precipitation, the most effective restoration strategies will most likely be adaptive ones, requiring determination of timing and amount of irrigation based on precipitation, native plant establishment, and invasive species composition and abundance.
Invasive Species Control Optimization as a Dynamic Spatial Process: An Application to Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) in Arizona
Authors: Büyüktahtakin İ. Esra , Feng Zhuo , Olsson Aaryn D. , Frisvold George , Szidarovszky Ferenc 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBuffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) is a fire-prone, African bunchgrass spreading rapidly across the southern Arizona desert. This article introduces a model that simulates buffelgrass spread over a gridded landscape over time to evaluate strategies to control this invasive species. Weed-carrying capacity, treatment costs, and damages vary across grid cells. Damage from buffelgrass depends on its density and proximity to valued resources. Damages include negative effects on native species (through spatial competition) and increased fire risk to land and buildings. We evaluate recommended “rule of thumb” control strategies in terms of their ability to prevent weed establishment in newly infested areas and to reduce damage indices over time. Two such strategies—potential damage weighting and consecutive year treatment—used in combination, provided significant improvements in long-term control over no control and over a strategy of minimizing current damages in each year. Results suggest specific recommendations for deploying rapid-response teams to prevent establishment in new areas. The long-run population size and spatial distribution of buffelgrass is sensitive to the priority given to protecting different resources. Land managers with different priorities may pursue quite different control strategies, posing a challenge for coordinating control across jurisdictions.
The Association Between Different Kinds of Exercise and Quality of Life
in the Long Term. Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial on the
Elderly
Authors: Mura Gioia , Sancassiani Federica , Migliaccio Gian Mario , Collu Giorgia , Carta Mauro Giovanni 
Published: April 2014

Introduction:
Quality of Life (QoL) tends to decrease with age. Exercise has been shown to be effective in improving
some psychosocial features related to QoL. We carried out a randomized controlled trial to verify the long-term
efficacy of an intensive fitness program versus a lighter program on the QoL of an elderly sample, compared to QoL of a
large normative sample.

Methods:
Participants aged ≥65 years were randomly assigned in a 1:1 fashion either to a vigorous
physical activity program group (VAG) or to a postural gymnastic group (PGG). Depressive symptoms were screened
by PHQ-9. QoL assessment was done by SF-12. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to test
differences between the two groups over time. Comparison with the normative sample was carried out by means of
ANOVA 1-way.

Results:
Both VAG and PGG showed low PHQ9 scores at the beginning and at the end of the trial,
indicating the absence of depressive symptoms. At the end of the study, both groups had a higher level of QoL, measured
by means of SF-12, than the normative standardized sample. While SF-12 scores for both groups decreased slightly 12
weeks after the end of the trial, only the VAG group maintained significantly-higher scores than those of the normative
sample.

Conclusions:
A vigorous physical activity program group might be associated with better maintenance of results
over time as compared to a postural gymnastic program. These results require future confirmation by further studies on
large samples.
Evolution of Abnormal Plasma Glucagon Responses to Mixed-Meal Feedings in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes During the First 2 Years After Diagnosis
Authors: Sherr Jennifer , Tsalikian Eva , Fox Larry , Buckingham Bruce , Weinzimer Stuart , Tamborlane William V. , White Neil H. , Arbelaez Ana Maria , Kollman Craig , Ruedy Katrina J. , Cheng Peiyao , Beck Roy W. ,   for the Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet)
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVE
To examine the evolution of the dysregulated glucagon responses to mixed-meal tolerance tests (MMTTs) in youth with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
MMTTs were performed in 25 youth (9–18 years of age) with 1.5–12 months disease duration (year 1); 22 subjects were restudied 1 year later (year 2). Twenty nondiabetic (ND) control children were also studied.

RESULTS
In T1D children, MMTT-stimulated increases in glucagon were significantly greater than that in ND children (median increments: year 1, 21 pg/mL [16–30]; year 2, 25 pg/mL [16–30]; ND, 9 pg/mL [5–16]; P = 0.001 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
In comparison with ND control children, exaggerated plasma glucagon responses to mixed-meal feedings are observed in youth with T1D within the first 2 years of diagnosis. Further studies to determine whether suppression of these abnormal responses may help to improve glycemic control are warranted.
Use of Local Anesthesia During Dental Rehabilitation With General Anesthesia: A Survey of Dentist Anesthesiologists
Authors: Townsend Janice A. , Hagan Joseph L. , Smiley Megann 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to document current practices of dentist anesthesiologists who are members of the American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists regarding the supplemental use of local anesthesia for children undergoing dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. A survey was administered via e-mail to the membership of the American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists to document the use of local anesthetic during dental rehabilitations under general anesthesia and the rationale for its use. Seventy-seven (42.1%) of the 183 members responded to this survey. The majority of dentist anesthesiologists prefer use of local anesthetic during general anesthesia for dental rehabilitation almost always or sometimes (90%, 63/70) and 40% (28/70) prefer its use with rare exception. For dentist anesthesiologists who prefer the administration of local anesthesia almost always, they listed the following factors as very important: “stabilization of vital signs/decreased depth of general anesthesia” (92.9%, 26/28) and “improved patient recovery” (82.1%, 23/28). There was a significant association between the type of practice and who determines whether or not local anesthesia is administered during cases. The majority of respondents favor the use of local anesthesia during dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia.
Deliberate Hypotensive Anesthesia With the Rapidly Acting, Vascular-Selective, L-Type Calcium Channel Antagonist—Clevidipine: A Case Report
Authors: Croft Kevin , Probst Stephen 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Deliberate hypotension is an important technique for use in select anesthetics for procedures such as orthognathic surgery, specifically LeFort I maxillary osteotomy. We present a case report of an anesthetic involving deliberate hypotension for a 17-year-old female patient who presented for a LeFort I osteotomy, bilateral sagittal split of the mandible, and a genioplasty in order to correct a skeletal class III malocclusion. After reaching a steady-state general anesthetic, deliberate hypotension was induced solely with a bolus and subsequent continuous infusion of the ultrashort acting calcium channel blocker, clevidipine. The preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative course and anesthetic management are discussed.
Options for the control of bovine leukemia virus in dairy cattle
Authors: Bartlett Paul C. , Sordillo Lorraine M. , Byrem Todd M. , Norby Bo , Grooms Daniel L. , Swenson Cheryl L. , Zalucha Jessica , Erskine Ronald J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The subclinical impact of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) on the sustainability of the US dairy industry is only now being fully recognized. Findings of recent longitudinal studies conducted in Michigan dairy herds were consistent with the results of previous studies in showing that within-herd prevalence of BLV–infected cattle was negatively associated with milk production and cow longevity. Risk factors relating to routes of hematogenous transmission such as the use of shared hypodermic needles, shared reproductive examination sleeves, and natural breeding were associated with BLV within-herd prevalence. Few US dairy producers know the prevalence of BLV-infected cattle in their herds or are aware of the insidious economic impact of BLV or the options for BLV control. As an increasing number of countries eradicate BLV from their cattle populations, restrictions on the movement of US cattle and cattle products will likely increase. Veterinarians should be aware of recent developments for screening serum and milk samples for antibodies against BLV and the results of research regarding the economic impact of BLV so they can advise their dairy clients of available alternatives for monitoring and controlling BLV infection.
A modified PWM three intervals control for a matrix converter in real time
Authors: Rezaoui Mohamed Mounir , Nezli Lazhari , Mahmoudi Mohand Oulhadj , Kouzou Abdollah , Rub Haitham Abu 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this paper, the application of the proposed control strategy PWM three intervals with 3×5 matrix converter is presented and analyzed. This control strategy is developed for the control of the multi-phases matrix converter, where the main aim is to ensure the waveform quality of the output voltages and the input currents based on the THD evaluation. Simulation results and real time implementation on dSpace 1103 of 3×5 matrix converter under R-L load are presented for the validation of the proposed control strategy and to clarify the main related advantages.
Sharp weak-type inequalities for Fourier multipliers and second-order Riesz transforms
Authors: Osękowski Adam 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We study sharp weak-type inequalities for a wide class of Fourier multipliers resulting from modulation of the jumps of Lévy processes. In particular, we obtain optimal estimates for second-order Riesz transforms, which lead to interesting a priori bounds for smooth functions on ℝd. The proofs rest on probabilistic methods: we deduce the above inequalities from the corresponding estimates for martingales. To obtain the lower bounds, we exploit the properties of laminates, important probability measures on the space of matrices of dimension 2×2, and some transference-type arguments.
Unramified Brauer group of the moduli spaces of PGLr(ℂ)-bundles over curves
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Hogadi Amit , Holla Yogish 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Let X be an irreducible smooth complex projective curve of genus g, with g ≥ 2. Let N be a connected component of the moduli space of semistable principal PGLr (ℂ)-bundles over X; it is a normal unirational complex projective variety. We prove that the Brauer group of a desingularization of N is trivial.
Surgical management and long-term outcome of pediatric patients with different subtypes of epilepsy associated with cerebral cavernous malformations
Authors: von der Brelie Christian , Kuczaty Stefan , von Lehe Marec 
Published: April 2014

Object
Sufficient data on surgical treatment and seizure outcome of pediatric patients with different types of epilepsy, especially drug-resistant epilepsy and associated cerebral cavernous malformations, are scarce. The aim of this study was to carefully evaluate seizure outcome using the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification with regard to the presurgical symptom duration.

Methods
Fifty-one pediatric patients younger than 19 years with cerebral cavernous malformations of all CNS localizations have been surgically treated at the authors' institution. Twenty-two patients with seizures or epilepsy who harbored cortically located supratentorial cerebral cavernous malformations underwent surgical treatment and were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
More extensive resections were used in 82% of all patients with epilepsy symptoms for longer than 2 years. Eighty-two percent of patients with symptom duration shorter than 2 years underwent circumscribed lesionectomy including the surrounding hemosiderotic rim. The overall rate of mild permanent, unanticipated postoperative deficits was 4.5%; the rate of anticipated neurological deficits was 9%. The mean follow-up was longer than 117 months in all groups. Seizure outcome was excellent in the group with symptom duration shorter than 2 years (100% ILAE Class 1). Seizure outcome was significantly worse in the group with longer symptom duration (p = 0.02). Seven patients were seizure free after surgery. Seizure outcome was stable over the years.

Conclusions
Since seizure outcome is worse with longer seizure duration, early surgery and, if needed, interdisciplinary intervention, is recommended. Even in cases of multiple cerebral cavernous malformations and epilepsy, surgery should be considered.
Development of microsatellite markers for Vitex rotundifolia (Verbenaceae), an endangered coastal plant in Lake Biwa, Japan
Authors: Ohtsuki Tatsuo , Shoda Tasuku , Kaneko Yuko , Setoguchi Hiroaki 
Published: April 2014

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite loci were developed for Vitex rotundifolia, an endangered species isolated to Lake Biwa, to investigate its genetic diversity and population structure.• Methods and Results: Ten primer sets were identified in Japanese populations of V. rotundifolia. The number of alleles per locus ranged from one to six and gene diversity per locus ranged from 0.040 to 0.697 between two populations. In addition, all loci could be successfully amplified in V. trifolia.• Conclusions: These markers will be useful for studies of genetic diversity and population structure of endangered species isolated to Lake Biwa of V. rotundifolia, to aid in the development of conservation strategies.
Les dépenses culturelles des collectivités territoriales en 2010 : 7,6 milliards d'euros pour la culture
Authors: Delvainquière Jean-Cédric , Tugores François , Laroche Nicolas , Jourdan Benoît 
Published: April 2014

En 2010, les dépenses culturelles des collectivités territoriales (régions, départements, communes de plus de 10 000 habitants et leurs groupements, dom compris) se sont élevées à 7,6 milliards d’euros soit 118 euros par habitant. Les communes et leurs groupements assument près des trois quarts (73 %) de ces dépenses (respectivement 4,6 milliards et 1 milliard d’euros), les départements 18 % (soit 1,4 milliard) et les régions 9 % (0,7 milliard). Ces dépenses représentent en moyenne une part plus élevée des dépenses totales des communes et de leurs groupements (8,0 % et 7,0 %) que de celles des régions (2,7?%) et des départements (2,1 %). Par rapport à 2006, année de la précédente édition de l’enquête, les dépenses culturelles territoriales ont progressé de près de 10 % soit +?2,3 % par an en France métropolitaine. Progressant quasiment au même rythme que l’inflation (+?1,4 % par an), les dépenses culturelles des communes ont plutôt stagné en volume, mais le nombre de groupements de communes actifs dans le domaine culturel a progressé et leurs dépenses culturelles ont augmenté de 6 % par an. L’évolution des dépenses culturelles des départements et des régions est légèrement supérieure à l’inflation pour les départements (+?1,8% par an), plus significative pour les régions (+?4,5 % par an) et tient surtout à une forte progression en début de période. L’effort culturel des départements et des régions s’est ensuite contracté en raison d’une plus forte progression des dépenses totales, liée aux transferts de compétences. Le soutien à l’expression artistique et aux activités culturelles regroupe près de 60 % des dépenses des communes et de leurs groupements (4,3 milliards d’euros), en grande partie des dépenses de fonctionnement (85 %). Départements et régions se sont investis de manière croissante dans le patrimoine, qui représente 59 % des dépenses culturelles départementales et 23 % des dépenses culturelles régionales en 2010. Plus impliqué dans la gestion souvent directe de services et d’équipements culturels de proximité (bibliothèques, conservatoires et écoles d’art, musées, etc.), le bloc communal consacre plus de la moitié de ses dépenses culturelles de fonctionnement à la rémunération des personnels, pour près de 2,5 milliards d’euros. Ce sont toutefois les subventions culturelles de fonctionnement qui ont le plus progressé (+?5 % par an pour les communes métropolitaines entre 2006 et 2010), en particulier au bénéfice des théâtres et des arts plastiques. À l’inverse, les subventions représentent plus de 80 % des dépenses culturelles des régions. Elles soutiennent, pour leur fonctionnement, des bénéficiaires de droit privé, notamment associatifs, et l’effort d’investissement culturel des communes et de leurs groupements.
Auto-analyse et « relation en double » : à propos de la correspondance entre S. Freud et W. Fliess
Authors: Jung Johann 
Published: April 2014

Temps fort de l’auto-analyse, la correspondance entre Freud et Fliess permet de suivre pas à pas les étapes du processus auto-organisateur qui aboutira aux grandes découvertes de la psychanalyse. L’adresse à un « autre soi-même », absent mais néanmoins convoqué psychiquement, révèle aussi la nature du lien en double qui unit les deux hommes ; Fliess fait figure en effet d’interlocuteur privilégié, de « double transitionnel », support à partir duquel Freud parvient à renouer un dialogue interne où il puisera sa créativité. Cette « amitié nécessaire » qui durera près de 17 ans témoigne d’une profonde transformation du « rapport à soi » de Freud. L’analyse de ce transfert amoureux l’amènera finalement à reprendre à son propre compte, dans un mouvement réflexif, ce qui jusqu’alors était adressé à son « unique public ».
Paul's Rapture and Will's Vision:
Authors: Sisk Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This article examines Langland's allusion to Paul's rapture (2 Cor. 12:4), which interrupts Christ's speech in Piers Plowman B.18/C.20, and explores the significance of these words in relation to Augustine's taxonomy of visionary types in De Genesi ad litteram. The citation draws attention to Will's experience as an example of visio spiritualis, which relies on the vis imaginativa, a faculty of mind deemed by medieval thinkers both spiritually useful and dangerous. Langland negotiates the delicate balance between imagination's profits and perils with respect to both lay devotional practice and poetic composition.
John Carpenter, Lay Clerk
Authors: Shuffelton George 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The will of John Carpenter, Common Clerk of London from 1417 to 1438, describes an extensive and unusual book collection. His books provided the intellectual framework for his sponsorship of the Dance of Death, his development of the Guildhall Library, and his preservation of London's historical record. Reading Carpenter's career through the prism of his books also demonstrates how lay clerks appropriated a Latinate intellectual inheritance that formerly belonged to elite ecclesiastical administrators and monks. As they assumed priestly roles in the service of secular institutions, lay clerks buttressed their work with the books of their ecclesiastical predecessors.
Exemplary Cases:
Authors: Lipton Emma 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Although Gower's engagement with sermons and penitentials is well established, this article demonstrates that legal theory was also central to Gower's moral narratives. This reading of Gower's Traitié pour essampler les amantz marietz shows the similarities between exemplary narrative and legal logic, and suggests that the formulations of both common and canon law are crucial to Gower's ethics. The Traitié identifies marriage as both an exemplary instance of legal principles and the material instantiation of the principles of law, reflecting the logic of both secular and ecclesiastical medieval legal treatises and indicating that marital and legal theory were mutually constitutive in late medieval culture.