bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Phytoconstiuents and Cytotoxic Activities of Different Parts of Ocimum sanctum
Authors: Joshi Sushika , Karna Anish Kumar 
Published: September 2013

Phytochemical screening of extracts of Ocimum Sanctum revealed the presence of fatty acids, steroids, triterpenoid, phenolic compound, flavonoid, glycoside, quinines, and carotenoids. β-sitosterol and Ursolic acid were isolated from leaves of the plant by using column chromatography and identification of these compounds were performed with the help of melting points, Co-TLC and spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1HNMR and 13 CMR. GC-MS of hexane fraction showed presence of pentanal, sotolone, hexane-3-one, hexane-2-ol, caryphyllene, benzene 1,2 di-carbolylic acids, isoeugenol, cavracrol and eugenol compounds. The brine shrimp bio assay showed LC50 value 213.7, 97.72 and 21.87 for hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of leaves respectively, where as LC50 value 169.84, 141.25 and 151.35 for hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of stem respectively. All extracts are pharmacologically active.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i3.8609 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 1(3) 2013 : 137-144
Fulfillment of Work–Life Balance From the Organizational Perspective: A Case Study
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Goodman Ashley 
Published: September 2013

Context:
Researchers studying work–life balance have examined policy development and implementation to create a family-friendly work environment from an individualistic perspective rather than from a cohort of employees working under the same supervisor.

Objective:
To investigate what factors influence work–life balance within the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I clinical setting from the perspective of an athletic training staff.

Design:
Qualitative study.

Setting:
Web-based management system.

Patients or Other Participants:
Eight athletic trainers (5 men, 3 women; age = 38 ± 7 years) in the NCAA Division I setting.

Data Collection and Analysis:
Participants responded to a series of questions by journaling their thoughts and experiences. We included data-source triangulation, multiple-analyst triangulation, and peer review to establish data credibility. We analyzed the data via a grounded theory approach.

Results:
Three themes emerged from the data. Family-oriented and supportive work environment was described as a workplace that fosters and encourages work–life balance through professionally and personally shared goals. Nonwork outlets included activities, such as exercise and personal hobbies, that provide time away from the role of the athletic trainer. Individualistic strategies reflected that although the athletic training staff must work together and support one another, each staff member must have his or her own personal strategies to manage personal and professional responsibilities.

Conclusions:
The foundation for a successful work environment in the NCAA Division I clinical setting potentially can center on the management style of the supervisor, especially one who promotes teamwork among his or her staff members. Although a family-friendly work environment is necessary for work–life balance, each member of the athletic training staff must have personal strategies in place to fully achieve a balance.
Comparing the Performance of Hybrid Capture II and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the Identification of Cervical Dysplasia in the Screening and Diagnostic Settings
Authors: Luu Hung N. , Adler-Storthz Karen , Dillon Laura M. , Follen Michele , Scheurer Michael E. 
Published: September 2013

Objective Both PCR and Hybrid Capture II (HCII) have been used for identifying cervical dysplasia; however, comparisons on the performance between these two tests show inconsistent results. We evaluated the performance of HCII and PCR MY09/11 in both screening and diagnostic populations in sub-sample of 1,675 non-pregnant women from a cohort in three clinical centers in the United States and Canada. Methods Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and concordance between the two tests were calculated. Results Specificity of HCII in detecting low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) was higher in the screening group (88.7%; 95% CI: 86.2%–90.8%) compared to the diagnostic group (46.3%; 95% CI: 42.1%–50.6%); however, specificity of PCR was low in both the screening (32.8%; 95% CI: 29.6%–36.2%) and diagnostic (14.4%; 95% CI: 11.6%–17.6%) groups. There was comparable sensitivity by both tests in both groups to detect high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL); however, HCII was more specific (89.1%; 95% CI: 86.8%–91.0%; 66.2%; 95% CI: 62.0%–70.1%) than PCR (33.3%; 95% CI: 30.2%–36.5%; 17.9%; 95% CI: 14.8%–21.6%) in the screening and diagnostic groups, respectively. Overall agreement for HPV positivity was approximately 50% between HCII and PCR MY09/11; with more positive results coming from the PCR MY09/11. Conclusion In the current study, PCR MY09/11 was more sensitive but less specific than HCII in detecting LSIL, and HCII was more sensitive and specific in detecting HSIL than PCR in both screening and diagnostic groups.
DESCUBRIENDO LA ANATOMÍA DE UNA APLICACIÓN SOBRE ANDROID
Authors: Delgado Jaén Benedik Jaseth , Vargas-Lombardo Miguel 
Published: September 2013

La plataforma de trabajo Android incluye, un sistema operativo, un middleware y un conjunto de aplicaciones clave. La incorporación de servicios de acceso integrados a internet en estos dispositivos móviles, sin embargo, aumenta la exposición a los daños causados por varios tipos de malware. Este documento, muestra las más importantes partes que componen la anatomía de una aplicación sobre el sistema operativo Android, el comportamiento y función de cada una de ellas y la importancia que tiene la estructura interna de Android, la cual, lo ha convertido en una plataforma, confiable, segura y flexible frente a las necesidades del mercado actual.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v25i2.685
Red Vial de Nicaragua (Optimización y Mantenimiento)
Authors: Martínez Wilfredo 
Published: September 2013

La red vial es un patrimonio nacional, el cual es necesario: proteger, conservar, aumentar y mejorar; para apoyar eldesarrollo socioeconómico de nuestro país. La actividad de mantenimiento, constituye un factor determinante quegarantiza la operación satisfactoria del transporte durante la vida útil de los caminos; en sus diferentes modalidades. La ausencia de un mantenimiento preventivo y de un mantenimiento correctivo tardío, conduce a que la inversiónrealizada sufra una depreciación más acelerada, acortando su vida útil; obteniendo un grado de aprovechamientomenor que se traduce en una disminución de los beneficios estimados, ya que la rentabilidad no podrá ser óptima aldescuidar esta función. “Con frecuencia, los costos operativos de los vehículos, excederán los costos de losdepartamentos viales por un factor de 10 o màs, especialmente en carreteras de gran volumen de trànsito”.(Zaniewski, 1989). Por lo tanto, los costos (economía) de los usuarios deben ser tomados en cuenta al momento deproyectar la construcción de una carretera. Por tal razón el Gobierno de Nicaragua, en conjunto con lasinstituciones correspondientes, han asumido un rol prioritario en la ejecución y mantenimiento de la red vial. Esteensayo pretende aportar elementos cuantitativos y cualitativos, para el análisis y mejoramiento de la Red Vial.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v26i1.1209
Prevention of Progressive Back-Specific Dysfunction During Pregnancy: An Assessment of Osteopathic Manual Treatment Based on Cochrane Back Review Group Criteria
Authors: Licciardone John C. , Aryal Subhash 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Context: Back pain during pregnancy may be associated with deficits in physical functioning and disability. Research indicates that osteopathic manual treatment (OMT) slows the deterioration of back-specific functioning during pregnancy.

Objective: To measure the treatment effects of OMT in preventing progressive back-specific dysfunction during the third trimester of pregnancy using criteria established by the Cochrane Back Review Group.

Design: A randomized sham-controlled trial including 3 parallel treatment arms: usual obstetric care and OMT (UOBC+OMT), usual obstetric care and sham ultrasound therapy (UOBC+SUT), and usual obstetric care (UOBC).

Setting: The Osteopathic Research Center within the University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth.

Participants: A total of 144 patients were randomly assigned and included in intention-to-treat analyses.

Main Outcome Measures: Progressive back-specific dysfunction was defined as a 2-point or greater increase in the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) score during the third trimester of pregnancy. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare progressive back-specific dysfunction in patients assigned to UOBC+OMT relative to patients assigned to UOBC+SUT or UOBC. Numbers needed to treat (NNTs) and 95% CIs were also used to assess UOBC+OMT vs each comparator. Subgroup analyses were performed using median splits of baseline scores on a numerical rating scale for back pain and the RMDQ.

Results: Overall, 68 patients (47%) experienced progressive back-specific dysfunction during the third trimester of pregnancy. Patients who received UOBC+OMT were significantly less likely to experience progressive back-specific dysfunction (RR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3-1.0; P=.046 vs UOBC+SUT; and RR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.7; P<.0001 vs UOBC). The effect sizes for UOBC+OMT vs UOBC+SUT and for UOBC+OMT vs UOBC were classified as medium and large, respectively. The corresponding NNTs for UOBC+OMT were 5.1 (95% CI, 2.7-282.2) vs UOBC+SUT; and 2.5 (95% CI, 1.8-4.9) vs UOBC. There was no statistically significant interaction between subgroups in response to OMT.

Conclusion: Osteopathic manual treatment has medium to large treatment effects in preventing progressive back-specific dysfunction during the third trimester of pregnancy. The findings are potentially important with respect to direct health care expenditures and indirect costs of work disability during pregnancy.
Scattering amplitudes and toric geometry
Authors: Amariti Antonio , Forcella Davide 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this paper we provide a first attempt towards a toric geometric interpretation of scattering amplitudes. In recent investigations it has indeed been proposed that the all-loop integrand of planar$ \mathcal{N} $= 4 SYM can be represented in terms of well defined finite objects called on-shell diagrams drawn on disks. Furthermore it has been shown that the physical information of on-shell diagrams is encoded in the geometry of auxiliary algebraic varieties called the totally non negative Grassmannians. In this new formulation the infinite dimensional symmetry of the theory is manifest and many results, that are quite tricky to obtain in terms of the standard Lagrangian formulation of the theory, are instead manifest. In this paper, elaborating on previous results, we provide another picture of the scattering amplitudes in terms of toric geometry. In particular we describe in detail the toric varieties associated to an on-shell diagram, how the singularities of the amplitudes are encoded in some subspaces of the toric variety, and how this picture maps onto the Grassmannian description. Eventually we discuss the action of cluster transformations on the toric varieties. The hope is to provide an alternative description of the scattering amplitudes that could contribute in the developing of this fascinating field of research.
Advancing impact prediction and hypothesis testing in invasion ecology using a comparative functional response approach
Authors: Dick Jaimie T. A. , Alexander Mhairi E. , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Ricciardi Anthony , MacIsaac Hugh J. , Robinson Tamara B. , Kumschick Sabrina , Weyl Olaf L. F. , Dunn Alison M. , Hatcher Melanie J. , Paterson Rachel A. , Farnsworth Keith D. , Richardson David M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractInvasion ecology urgently requires predictive methodologies that can forecast the ecological impacts of existing, emerging and potential invasive species. We argue that many ecologically damaging invaders are characterised by their more efficient use of resources. Consequently, comparison of the classical ‘functional response’ (relationship between resource use and availability) between invasive and trophically analogous native species may allow prediction of invader ecological impact. We review the utility of species trait comparisons and the history and context of the use of functional responses in invasion ecology, then present our framework for the use of comparative functional responses. We show that functional response analyses, by describing the resource use of species over a range of resource availabilities, avoids many pitfalls of ‘snapshot’ assessments of resource use. Our framework demonstrates how comparisons of invader and native functional responses, within and between Type II and III functional responses, allow testing of the likely population-level outcomes of invasions for affected species. Furthermore, we describe how recent studies support the predictive capacity of this method; for example, the invasive ‘bloody red shrimp’Hemimysis anomalashows higher Type II functional responses than native mysids and this corroborates, and could have predicted, actual invader impacts in the field. The comparative functional response method can also be used to examine differences in the impact of two or more invaders, two or more populations of the same invader, and the abiotic (e.g. temperature) and biotic (e.g. parasitism) context-dependencies of invader impacts. Our framework may also address the previous lack of rigour in testing major hypotheses in invasion ecology, such as the ‘enemy release’ and ‘biotic resistance’ hypotheses, as our approach explicitly considers demographic consequences for impacted resources, such as native and invasive prey species. We also identify potential challenges in the application of comparative functional responses in invasion ecology. These include incorporation of numerical responses, multiple predator effects and trait-mediated indirect interactions, replacement versus non-replacement study designs and the inclusion of functional responses in risk assessment frameworks. In future, the generation of sufficient case studies for a meta-analysis could test the overall hypothesis that comparative functional responses can indeed predict invasive species impacts.
A Retrospective Review of Leg Wound Complications After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: East Susan A. , Lorenz Rebecca A. , Armbrecht Eric S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractLittle research or attention has been paid to finding out whether wound closure with sutures or staples attains the best outcomes after saphenous vein harvest for coronary artery bypass grafting. We undertook a quality improvement project to compare the prevalence of leg wound complications (eg, infection, seroma, hematoma, dehiscence) between two types of skin closure (ie, staples, subcuticular sutures) after conventional open surgery with bridging between incisions and vein harvesting during coronary revascularization to determine the need for practice changes. We found no significant differences between patients with wound complications and those without. However, in this project, the risk for infections was greater for patients with diabetes whose wounds were closed by using subcuticular sutures. These findings have led to practice changes for reducing leg wound complications within our institution: clinicians now assess patients for increased risk of leg wound complications preoperatively and opt to close wounds with staples for patients who have diabetes.
Effect of Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) on the Time Needed for Treatment in Simulated Mountain Medicine Emergencies
Authors: Billmann Franck G , Burnett Claude , Welke Stefanie , Bokor-Billmann Therezia 
Published: September 2013

Objective The number of tourists exploring mountainous areas continues to increase. As a consequence, rescue operations are increasing, especially for trauma and polytrauma victims. The outcome of such patients depends greatly on the duration of the prehospital stabilization. Limited medical training of mountain rescuers may adversely affect the outcome of patients. There is no study investigating high altitude trauma treatment. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of advanced trauma life support (ATLS) principles in mountain trauma, and to discuss a possible role of ATLS in mountain medicine education programs. Methods We designed 5 tasks representing life-threatening trauma problems encountered in mountain rescue. They were used to evaluate the physician’s ability to adequately diagnose and react to trauma situations. We created 2 groups: 1) the ATLS group, consisting of physicians who passed the ATLS course and the mountain medicine course, and 2) the non-ATLS group, consisting of physicians who did not obtain the ATLS training but who did pass the mountain medicine course. We compared the time spent to complete the tasks in both groups. Results In 4 of the 5 tasks (airway, breathing, circulation, and combination), the ATLS group completed the task significantly faster. In the environment task, however, the ATLS group was slower. This was the only not significant result. Conclusions ATLS principles adapted and implemented for high altitude medicine education may have a positive impact on high altitude trauma treatment and outcomes.
An Observational Study of Personal Ultraviolet Dosimetry and Acute Diffuse Reflectance Skin Changes at Extreme Altitude
Authors: Cheng Ivy , Kiss Alex , Lilge Lothar 
Published: September 2013

Objective To determine the level of UV radiation at extreme altitude and to assess the effect it has on the skin. Methods Fifteen expeditioners and 10 Sherpas were assessed during a climbing expedition on the north side of Mt Everest (8848 m). UV exposure measurement and diffuse skin reflectance spectrophotometry were performed at the beginning and end of the expedition. Results Over the course of the expedition, the expeditioners and Sherpas received a median dose of 93.6 (interquartile range [IQR], 61.0–102.8) and 102.5 (IQR, 72.2–117.8) minimal erythemal doses (MEDs) of UV radiation. The maximum dosage exceeded 106 ± 1.4 MEDs. Using reflectance spectrophotometry, expeditioner and Sherpa melanin-hemoglobin increased by 83.6% (IQR, –1.5 to 89.8%) and 24.7% (IQR, –22.4 to 61.5%) for exposed skin, respectively. The amount of subcutaneous lipid-water decreased by a factor of 196.6 (IQR, 52.1–308.4) and 46.7 (IQR, 1.8–1156.5), for expeditioners and Sherpas, respectively. Conclusions This expedition’s participants received massive doses of UV radiation during their time at high altitude. In many individuals this was similar to the annual exposure of northern European office-workers (100 MEDs). Diffuse skin reflectance spectroscopy revealed considerable subcutaneous lipid loss, skin dehydration, and increased melanin in keeping with these levels of exposure.
Numerical study of the effect of surface waves on turbulence underneath. Part 1. Mean flow and turbulence vorticity
Authors: Guo Xin , Shen Lian 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDirect numerical simulation is performed to study the effect of progressive gravity waves on turbulence underneath. The Navier–Stokes equations subject to fully nonlinear kinematic and dynamic free-surface boundary conditions are simulated on a surface-following mapped grid using a fractional-step scheme with a pseudo-spectral method in the horizontal directions and a finite-difference method in the vertical direction. To facilitate a mechanistic study that focuses on the fundamental physics of wave–turbulence interaction, the wave and turbulence fields are set up precisely in the simulation: a pressure-forcing method is used to generate and maintain the progressive wave being investigated and to suppress other wave components, and a random forcing method is used to produce statistically steady, homogeneous turbulence in the bulk flow beneath the surface wave. Cases with various moderate-to-large turbulence-to-wave time ratios and wave steepnesses are considered. Study of the turbulence velocity spectrum shows that the turbulence is dynamically forced by the surface wave. Mean flow and turbulence vorticity are studied in both the Eulerian and Lagrangian frames of the wave. In the Eulerian frame, statistics of the underlying turbulence field indicates that the magnitude of turbulence vorticity and the inclination angle of vortices are dependent on the wave phase. In the Lagrangian frame, wave properties and the accumulative effect on turbulence vorticity are studied. It is shown that vertical vortices are tilted in the wave propagation direction due to the cumulative effects of both the Stokes drift velocity and the correlation between turbulence fluctuations and wave strain rate, whereas for streamwise vortices, these two factors offset each other and result in a negligible tilting effect.
Eocene development of the northerly active continental margin of the Southern Neotethys in the Kyrenia Range, north Cyprus
Authors: ROBERTSON ALASTAIR H.F. , McCAY GILLIAN A. , TASLI KEMAL , YILDIZ AŞEGÜL 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe focus on an active continental margin related to northwards subduction during the Eocene in which sedimentary melange (‘olistostromes’) forms a key component. Maastrichtian – Early Eocene deep-marine carbonates and volcanic rocks pass gradationally upwards into a thick succession (<800 m) of gravity deposits, exposed in several thrust sheets. The lowest levels are mainly siliciclastic turbidites and debris-flow deposits. Interbedded marls contain Middle Eocene planktonic/benthic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils. Sandstones include abundant ophiolite-derived grains. The higher levels are chaotic debris-flow deposits that include exotic blocks of Late Palaeozoic – Mesozoic neritic limestone and dismembered ophiolite-related rocks. A thinner sequence (<200 m) in one area contains abundant redeposited Paleogene pelagic limestone and basalt. Chemical analysis of basaltic clasts shows that some are subduction influenced. Basaltic clasts from unconformably overlying alluvial conglomerates (Late Eocene – Oligocene) indicate derivation from a supra-subduction zone ophiolite, including boninites. Taking account of regional comparisons, the sedimentary melange is interpreted to have formed within a flexurally controlled foredeep, floored by continental crust. Gravity flows including large limestone blocks, multiple debris flows and turbidites were emplaced, followed by southwards thrust imbrication. The emplacement was possibly triggered by the final closure of an oceanic basin to the north (Alanya Ocean). Further convergence between the African and Eurasian plates was accommodated by northwards subduction beneath the Kyrenia active continental margin. Subduction zone rollback may have triggered collapse of the active continental margin. Non-marine to shallow-marine alluvial fans prograded southwards during Late Eocene – Oligocene time, marking the base of a renewed depositional cycle that lasted until latest Miocene time.