bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La législation sur l'euthanasie aux Pays-Bas et en Belgique : un train peut en cacher un autre
Authors: Judo Frank 
Published: April 2013

Après quinze à vingt ans de pratique, quels enseignements retirer des expériences belge et néerlandaise de dépénalisation de l’euthanasie ? Si les deux législations comportaient au départ des différences de forme non négligeables, leurs mises en œuvre respectives semblent avoir connu une évolution similaire – en particulier une extension des cas d’application de la loi et une distanciation vis-à-vis des critères définis par elle, rendues plus faciles par l’absence d’un contrôle rigoureux.
Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Selectively Inhibits TLR2 Ligand–Induced IL-12 Production in Monocytes/Macrophages by Interfering with JNK Activation
Authors: Wang Sen , Chen Zhiao , Hu Conghua , Qian Fangxing , Cheng Yuming , Wu Min , Shi Bisheng , Chen Jieliang , Hu Yunwen , Yuan Zhenghong 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
It is widely accepted that chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the result of an ineffective antiviral immune response against HBV infection. Our previous study found that the hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) was related to decreased cytokine production induced by the TLR2 ligand (Pam3csk4) in PBMCs from chronic hepatitis B patients. In this study, we further explored the mechanism involved in the inhibitory effect of HBsAg on the TLR2 signaling pathway. The results showed that both Pam3csk4-triggered IL-12p40 mRNA expression and IL-12 production in PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophage were inhibited by HBsAg in a dose-dependent manner, but the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α was not influenced. The Pam3csk4-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling were further examined. The phosphorylation of JNK-1/2 and c-Jun was impaired in the presence of HBsAg, whereas the degradation of IκB-α, the nuclear translocation of p65, and the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK-1/2 were not affected. Moreover, the inhibition of JNK phosphorylation and IL-12 production in response to Pam3csk was observed in HBsAg-treated monocytes/macrophages (M/MΦs) from the healthy donors and the PBMCs and CD14-positive M/MΦs from chronic hepatitis B patients. Taken together, these results demonstrate that HBsAg selectively inhibits Pam3csk4- stimulated IL-12 production in M/MΦs by blocking the JNK–MAPK pathway and provide a mechanism by which HBV evades immunity and maintains its persistence.
Cannabinoid 1 Receptors in Keratinocytes Modulate Proinflammatory Chemokine Secretion and Attenuate Contact Allergic Inflammation
Authors: Gaffal Evelyn , Cron Mira , Glodde Nicole , Bald Tobias , Kuner Rohini , Zimmer Andreas , Lutz Beat , Tüting Thomas 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Epidermal keratinocytes (KCs) and cannabinoid (CB) receptors both participate in the regulation of inflammatory responses in a mouse model for allergic contact dermatitis, the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response to the obligate sensitizer 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. In this study, we investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms how CB1 receptors attenuate CHS responses to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. We used a conditional gene-targeting approach to identify the relative contribution of CB1 receptors on epidermal KCs for the control of CHS responses. To determine the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate inflammatory responses in the effector phase of CHS, we performed further investigations on inflamed ear tissue and primary KC cultures using morphologic, molecular, and immunologic methods. Mice with a KC-specific deletion of CB1 receptors developed increased and prolonged CHS responses. These were associated with enhanced reactive epidermal acanthosis and inflammatory KC hyperproliferation in the effector phase of CHS. In vitro, primary cultures of CB1 receptor–deficient KC released increased amounts of CXCL10 and CCL8 after stimulation with IFN-γ compared with controls. In vivo, contact allergic ear tissue of CB1 receptor–deficient KCs showed enhanced expression of CXCL10 and CCL8 compared with controls. Further investigations established CCL8 as a proinflammatory chemokine regulated by CB1 receptors that promotes immune cell recruitment to allergen-challenged skin. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CB1 receptors are functionally expressed by KCs in vivo and help to limit the secretion of proinflammatory chemokines that regulate T cell–dependent inflammation in the effector phase of CHS.
Identification of B Cell Defects Using Age-Defined Reference Ranges for In Vivo and In Vitro B Cell Differentiation
Authors: aan de Kerk Daan J. , Jansen Machiel H. , ten Berge Ineke J. M. , van Leeuwen Ester M. M. , Kuijpers Taco W. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies consist to a large extent of B cell defects, as indicated by inadequate Ab levels or response upon immunization. Many B cell defects have not yet been well characterized. Our objective was to create reliable in vivo and in vitro assays to routinely analyze human B cell differentiation, proliferation, and Ig production and to define reference ranges for different age categories. The in vitro assays were applied to classify the developmental and/or functional B cell defects in patients previously diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency. Apart from standard immunophenotyping of circulating human B cell subsets, an in vitro CFSE dilution assay was used for the assessment of proliferative capacity comparing T cell–dependent and T cell–independent B cell activation. Plasmablast/plasma cell differentiation was assessed by staining for CD20, CD38, and CD138, and measurement of in vitro Ig secretion. At young age, B cells proliferate upon in vitro activation, but neither differentiate nor produce IgG. These latter functions reached adult levels at 5 and 10 y of age for T cell–dependent versus T cell–independent stimulations, respectively. The capacity of B cells to differentiate into plasmablasts and to produce IgG appeared to be contained within the switched memory B cell pool. Using these assays, we could categorize common variable immunodeficiency patients into subgroups and identified a class-switch recombination defect caused by an UNG mutation in one of the patients. We defined age-related reference ranges for human B cell differentiation. Our findings indicate that in vivo B cell functionality can be tested in vitro and helps to diagnose suspected B cell defects.
IFNAR1 Controls Progression to Cerebral Malaria in Children and CD8+ T Cell Brain Pathology in Plasmodium berghei–Infected Mice
Authors: Ball Elizabeth Ann , Sambo Maria Rosário , Martins Madalena , Trovoada Maria Jesus , Benchimol Carla , Costa João , Antunes Gonçalves Lígia , Coutinho António , Penha-Gonçalves Carlos 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Development of cerebral malaria (CM), a severe and fatal form of clinical Plasmodium falciparum infection, results from a damaging cascade of vascular, inflammatory, and immunological host responses that leads to brain injury. Progression to CM can be modified by host genetic factors. Our case-control study in Angolan children aimed at highlighting the role of IFN (α, β) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) in progression to CM. We report a robust association between IFNAR1 and CM protection, as well as detailed studies showing analogous protection from experimental CM in Ifnar1−/− mice infected with P. berghei ANKA. We developed a novel cell-transfer protocol that enables spleen cell priming in the absence of disease. This led to the discovery that IFNAR1 expression in CD8+ T cells is crucial and can abrogate resistance to experimental CM in Ifnar1−/− mice. Splenic CD8+ T cells from Ifnar1−/− mice are functionally activated upon infection, yet are unable to mediate experimental CM development within the brain tissue. Our findings prove that IFNAR1 signaling unleashes CD8+ T cell effector capacity, which is vital for CM, and raises the hypothesis that the cohesive role of IFNAR1 in both human and mouse CM operates through CD8+ T cell triggering.
A model for personnel selection with a data mining approach: A case study in a commercial bank
Authors: Azar Adel , Sebt Mohammad Vahid , Ahmadi Parviz , Rajaeian Abdolreza 
Published: April 2013

Orientation: The success or failure of an organisation has a direct relationship with how its human resources are employed and retained.Research purpose: In this paper, a decision-making tool is provided for managers to use during the recruitment process. The effective factors in employees’ performance will be identified by discovering covert patterns of the relationship between employees’ test scores and their performance at work.Motivation for the study: Large amounts of information and data on entrance evaluations and processes have been kept in organisations. There is a need to discover the pattern in the relationship between employee’s test scores and their performance at work as a tool for use during the recruitment process.?Research design, approach and method: The data mining technique that was used in this project serves as the decision tree. Rules derivation was accomplished by the Quick Unbiased and Efficient Statistical Tree(QUEST), Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID),C5.0 and Classification And Regression Tree (CART) algorithm. The objective and the appropriate algorithm were determined based on seemingly ‘irrelevant’ components, which the Commerce Bank Human Resources management’s experts describe.Main finding: It was found that the ‘performance assessment’ variable was not considered as the objective. Also, it was concluded that out of 26 effective variables only five variables, such as province of employment, education level, exam score, interview score and work experience, had the most effect on the ‘promotion score’ target.Practical/managerial implication: The database and personnel information of the Commerce Bank of Iran (in 2005 and 2006) was studied and analysed as a case study in order to identify the labour factors that are effective in job performance. Appropriate and scientific employment of staff that were selected from the entrance exams of companies and organisations were of crucial importance.Contribution/value-add: It is of great importance that an extensive use of data mining techniques be applied in other management areas. Whilst this is a low-cost technique, it can help managers to discover covert knowledge in their organisations.
Past, Present and Future of Fetal Brain Assessment
Authors: Saling Erich , Honemeyer Ulrich 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
The fetal brain as focus of scientific interest could not emerge before the 20th century. This was only possible after a long history of parallel advances in the fields of anatomy, physiology, pathology and imaging techniques. Some of these are presented in this article. We are providing (1) a historical overview about ‘the brain in science’ in general, (2) a historic overview about fetal brain assessment and (3) an overview of the present and reflections about the future of fetal brain assessment.

How to cite this article
Honemeyer U, Saling E. Past, Present and Future of Fetal Brain Assessment. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(1):36-45.
Three-dimensional Evaluation of the Placenta: Review of the Literature
Authors: Antsaklis Aris , Natsis Stavros 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
The introduction of the three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound made feasible the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the placenta's characteristics like the volume, the surface rendered imaging, the vascularization and the blood flow. These novel techniques may assist the early detection of pregnancies at high risk for fetal growth restriction (FGR), pre-eclampsia (PET) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and help clinicians to detect pregnancies at risk earlier and to assess new therapeutic strategies in order to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, in this new technique there are still limitations regarding the assessment of the placenta employing 3D ultrasound in everyday clinical practice. In the following article, we perform a review of the literature regarding the importance of 3D evaluation of the placenta in pregnancy.

How to cite this article
Natsis S, Antsaklis P, Antsaklis A, Kurjak A. Three-dimensional Evaluation of the Placenta: Review of the Literature. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(1):73-79.
Predicting Malignancy in Entirely Solid-appearing Adnexal Masses on Gray-Scale Ultrasound Based on Additional Ultrasound Findings, Clinical Complaints and Biochemical Parameters: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Alcázar Juan Luis , Pineda Laura , Utrilla-Layna Jesús 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeTo determine which clinical, biochemical and other sonographic parameters could be useful to predict malignancy in sonographically solid adnexal masses.Materials and methodsClinical, biochemical and other sonographic features from 227 women diagnosed as having an entirely solid adnexal mass on B-mode gray-scale ultrasound were reviewed for this retrospective study. All patients had undergone surgery and mass removal. Definitive histologic diagnosis was available in all cases. All parameters were compared to final histological diagnosis (benign or malignant) in univariate statistical analysis. Then a stepwise forward logistic regression analysis was performed to identify those features that independently predict malignancy.ResultsA total of 227 masses were analyzed. Patients’ mean age was 52.9 years (range: 15-84 years). A total of 150 masses were malignant and 77 were benign. In 52 cases carcinomatosis was observed on ultrasound scan and all theses cases were malignant. In the remaining 175 cases, univariate analysis showed statistical differences between benign and malignant tumors all parameters except tumor's volume. After logistic regression analysis tumor contour, acoustic shadowing, amount of color and CA 125 were identified as independent predictors of malignancy. Using a logistic model 94.4% of malignant tumors and 85.7% of benign tumors would be correctly identified.ConclusionThe presence of carcinomatosis is invariably associated to malignancy. In absence of carcinomatosis, irregular tumor contour, absence of acoustic shadowing, moderate or abundant blood flow and a high CA 125 are associated to malignancy.How to cite this articleUtrilla-Layna J, Olartecoechea B, Aubá M, Ruiz-Zambrana A, Pineda L, Alcázar JL. Predicting Malignancy in Entirely Solid-appearing Adnexal Masses on Gray-Scale Ultrasound Based on Additional Ultrasound Findings, Clinical Complaints and Biochemical Parameters: A Retrospective Study. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;7(1):80-85.
Urothelial Cancer and the Diagnosis of Subsequent Malignancies
Authors: Pruthi Deepak K. , Nugent Zoann , Czaykowski Piotr , Demers Alain A. 
Published: April 2013

Purpose: We examine the likelihood of a second primary malignancy diagnosis following the diagnosis of urothelial cancer.Methods: We identified subjects from the Manitoba Cancer Registry diagnosed with urothelial cancer between April 1, 1985 and December 31, 2007. Data were collected on all subsequent new cancer diagnoses. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for each major cancer type, matched with the general population by age, sex and period. Further analysis was undertaken stratifying by morphology and invasiveness. The results in males were examined with and without prostate cancer. A competing risk model was used to analyze the data controlling for death.Results: Of the 4412 included urothelial cancer cases, 712 patients (16.1%) subsequently developed a second primary malignancy. Risks were highest within 1 year of diagnosis persisting for 5 years. This risk was highest in males aged less than 70 (SIR = 6.25; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 5.08-7.04). Overall, the risk was similarbetween the sexes (female SIR: 1.30, CI 1.09-1.54; males 1.42, CI1.31-1.54; males excluding prostate SIR: 1.22 CI 1.11-1.35). There was an increased relative risk for developing a second primary for cancers of the kidney (male), lung, breast (female) and prostate. Papillary cancers were associated with increased relative risk of developing lung, prostate, and breast (female and male) cancer. In the competing risks model, patients diagnosed with a papillary or insitu urothelial cancer were more likely to be diagnosed with a second primary than non-papillary and invasive disease, respectively.Conclusions: Those diagnosed with urothelial cancer have an increased probability of having a second primary cancer detected within the subsequent 5 years, even when prostate cancer is excluded. Papillary tumours in particular may provide a warning for subsequent malignancy.
Rapid Determination of Metolcarb Residues in Foods Using a Biomimetic Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Employing a Novel Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Film as Artificial Antibody
Authors: Tang Yiwei , Fang Guozhen , Wang Shuo , Sun Jingwei , Qian Kun 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
A novel and fast competitive direct biomimetic ELISA (cd-BELISA) was developed for determination of the N-methylcarbamate insecticide metolcarb based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) film as the antibody mimic. The MIP film was directly synthesized on the surface of a 96-well plate by bulk polymerization. The synthesized film was characterized, and the results showed that the imprinted film exhibited antibody-antigen-like binding properties and rapid adsorption ability, which was particularly useful for cd-BELISA development. The cd-BELISA conditions were optimized in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the sensitivity and LOD of the cd-BELISA were found to be 17 and 0.12 μg/L, respectively. Cross-reactivity demonstrated that the cd-BELISA had a higher selectivity for metolcarb than for structurally related compounds. The developed method was applied to the determination of metolcarb in spiked apple juice, cabbage, and cucumber, with mean recoveries ranging from 71.5 to 117.0%. Validation of the results was conducted by HPLC with good correlation (r2 &gt; 0.9562) between data obtained using these two methods. Therefore, the developed cd-BELISA has potential for the rapid determination of metolcarb in foods.
Trois observateurs de la condition indienne aux États-Unis durant la première moitié du XIXe siècle : Tocqueville, Beaumont et Gallatin
Authors: Delâge Denys 
Published: April 2013

« La race des hommes rouges d’Amérique est devenue petite ; la race blanche est devenue grande et renommée » disait un chef Chéroki en 1831. Pourquoi ? Épidémies ? Retard technologique ? Puissance de l’envahisseur dont la population s’accroît par un facteur de 8 à 16 par siècle. Résistance impossible ? Réponse d’Adam Smith : le choc de l’âge de la chasse de l’enfance de l’humanité avec la civilisation l’âge adulte du commerce. Le Sauvage ne peut que disparaître. Pour Tocqueville cela est exact et inévitable. Pour Beaumont, voilà une tragédie qu’il faut comprendre de l’intérieur. Pour Gallatin, il faut agir, créer un État indien sur les rives du Pacifique et assurer d’urgence le passage à l’agriculture masculine et à la propriété privée. Les Indiens se fusionneront alors dans la république.
Pre- and Post Tests Results of Teaching Learning Resource Package Applied on Children with Autism
Authors: Fazil Hina , Naz Shaista , Sulman Nasir 
Published: April 2013

Autism is an extensively multifaceted clutter. The core deficits in the areas of communication, social behavior, and excessive repetitive behavior could incline children with autism spectrum disorders to present problem behavior. Children with autism are misdiagnosed in Pakistan and majorities are placed in schools for children with mental retardation. Special education teachers are not fully trained to teach children with autism according to their needs. The objectives of the study were to develop language and social skills of children with autism in Pakistan and to measure the efficacy of Teaching Learning Resource (TLR) for children with Autism in Pakistan. Researchers have developed a TLR package which focused on visual based learning and applied with Pre –Post design (ABA) to determine the effectiveness of its usability. Researchers have selected two groups (experimental group N=5, control group N=5). Only the experimental group took three months (15 hours per week) training. The qualitative research methods such as portfolio assessment and case study method were used to report developmental changes while paired samples t-test was applied to measure the effectiveness of TLR package with regards to performance of the children with autism. The results of the study showed significant improvement in the socialization and communication skills of children in the experimental group. This study concludes that after proper adaptation, TLR package is likely to be successful in training autistic children in particular and children with developmental disabilities in general at various situations like home, in a classroom situation and in distance training program. Keywords - Special Education, Teaching Learning Resource Package for children with autism, Development of Language and social skills, Single subject design(ABA), Children with Autism in Pakistan.
Building Students’ Avoidance Behavior in Plagiarism through Appreciative Pedagogy
Authors: Dapiton Ethelbert P. 
Published: April 2013

The pressing issue of plagiarism in academia pervaded the very fiber of ethical behavior among students. Plagiarism detection software may only go as far as detecting strings of words that were copied from the Net; nevertheless, the problem still remains apparent due to lack of students’ affective ability to comprehend the consequences of plagiarism and its underlying ethical misdemeanor. Appreciative pedagogy was introduced in this context to permeate among students’ mindset the importance of directing the teachinglearning process into a track of profound collective thought to create a positive image of an ideal pedagogical mechanism impressing among students what is right and appropriate. Appreciative pedagogy is a creative method to solve the problem of plagiarism that touches the foundation of the issue rather than merely treating the problem at its tip. It is expected that through appreciative pedagogy of elucidating plagiarism and its consequences, students will have a better output away from the usual copy-paste behavior. The recent development of plagiarism detection software is a good initiative to distinguish copied works from the original, however, it would only gone that far enough. Without affecting the value system of the students about the consequences of plagiarism the issue will never stop. Keywords - plagiarism, appreciative pedagogy, idea stealing, creative methodology, plagiarism detection, Philippines