bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Woman's body symmetry and oxidative stress in the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Żelaźniewicz Agnieszka , Nowak Judyta , Pawłowski Bogusław 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesHigh level of oxidative stress (OS) during the first weeks of pregnancy is related to many serious pregnancy complications. Previous studies showed that body fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is related to OS level in men, suggesting that FA is a marker of oxidative balance in an individual. The aim of this study was to analyze if body FA was related to the level of biomarkers of OS in the first trimester of pregnancy.MethodsThe sample included 34 women in the first trimester of pregnancy, not smoking, and not exposed to toxins in their work environment. The composite FA and levels of two biomarkers of OS, 8‐iso‐ProstaglandinF2α (an indicator of oxidative damage to lipids) and 8‐OH‐dG (an indicator of oxidative damage to DNA) were measured. Factors that may affect the level of OS (vitamin supplementation, age, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and health condition) were controlled.ResultsThe levels of OS markers in the first trimester of pregnancy correlated positively with women's FA (r = 0.52, P = 0.002 for 8‐OH‐dG; r = 0.50; P = 0.003 for 8‐iso‐PGF2α level) and positively with body height (r = 0.37, P = 0.03 for 8‐OH‐dG level).ConclusionThe level of OS is likely to be a substantial and important fitness trait, and FA may convey information on the level of OS in women. The result confirms that FA is an indicator of biological condition, as suggested by an evolutionary approach to morphological human traits perceived as attractive. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:816–821, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and properties of sulfonated poly(phosphazene)‐graft‐poly(styrene‐co‐N‐benzylmaleimide) copolymers via atom transfer radical polymerization for proton exchange membrane
Authors: Dong Yan , Xu Hu‐Lin , He Min‐Lan , Fu Feng‐Yan , Zhu Chang‐Jin 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA series of sulfonated poly(phosphazene)‐graft‐poly(styrene‐co‐N‐benzylmaleimide) (PP‐g‐PSN) copolymers were prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), followed by regioselective sulfonation which occurred preferentially at the poly(styrene‐co‐N‐benzylmaleimide) sites. The structures of these copolymers were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, and 31P‐NMR, respectively. The resulting sulfonated PP‐g‐PSN membranes showed high water uptakes (WUs), low water swelling ratios (SWs), low methanol permeability coefficients, and proper proton conductivities. In comparison with non‐grafting sulfonated poly(bis(phenoxy)phosphazene) (SPBPP) membrane previously reported, the present membranes displayed higher proton conductivity, significantly improved the thermal and oxidative stabilities. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation showed clear phase‐separated structures resulting from the difference in polarity between the hydrophobic polyphosphazene backbone and hydrophilic sulfonated poly(styrene‐co‐N‐benzylmaleimide) side chains, indicating effective ionic pathway in these membranes. The results showed that these materials were promising candidate materials for proton exchange membrane (PEM) in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42251.
Surface modification of monolithic PolyHIPE Polymers for anionic functionality and their ion exchange behavior
Authors: Barlık Necla , Keskinler Bülent , Kocakerim M. Muhtar , Akay Galip 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTMonolithic PolyHIPE Polymer (PHP), being a highly porous, low density, open cellular material was produced by polymerization of a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) in which the polymerizable continuous phase consisted of monomers, styrene (STY), and divinyl benzene (DVB). The inner dispersed phase (90 vol %) was an aqueous solution containing 0.4 wt % potassium persulphate as initiator. The resulting porous structure had 12% crosslinking density. Surface chemistry of the monoliths was modified by chloromethylation and amination to impart anionic functionality. Surface modified monoliths had ion exchange capacity of 3.01 meq/g, and had the ability to uptake water about 10 times of its mass. It was used Cr (VI) ion removal from aqueous solution. The experimental results investigated for both the Langmuir and the Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption models. The maximum Cr (VI) adsorptions are 126.6 mg Cr (VI)/g and 129.3 mg Cr (VI)/g, respectively. The mean free energy E of adsorption is 11.18 kJ/mol according to the Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption model, indicating that the adsorption occurs through a chemical ion‐exchange process and it is not diffusion limited. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42286.
ASIS&T annual meeting pre‐conference activities: SIG/IFP‐SIG/III pre‐conference workshop trust in the age of data: Big and small
Authors: Unsworth Kristene 
Published: April 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARYThe Special Interest Groups/Information Policy (SIG/IFP) and International Information Issues (SIG/III) joined forces at the 2014 ASIS&T Annual Meeting for an interdisciplinary workshop exploring trust in the context of data collection and mining. Among the topics addressed during the workshop were ethical stewardship of information, trust in the validity and authenticity of digital repository holdings, trust in extra‐academic environments and trust as a critical requirement for interdisciplinary collaboration. The discussion of trust extended to justice in global regions in conflict, use of body cameras in law enforcement and broad scale population surveillance. The success of the workshop, particularly with its lively audience participation, will drive efforts to reinvigorate Special Interest Group/Information Policy as a unified forum on public policy and ethics related to information.
ASIS&T annual meeting pre‐conference activities: SIG/USE research symposium context in information behavior research
Authors: Xiao Lu , Kim Kyung‐Sun , Tang Rong , Given Lisa , Agosto Denise E. , Burnett Gary , Waugh Amanda 
Published: April 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARYASIS&T's Special Interest Group/Information Needs, Seeking and Use (SIG/USE) met during the 2014 Annual Meeting for the group's 14th Annual Research Symposium, focusing on Context in Information Behavior Research. Keynote speaker J. David Johnson set the tone as he encouraged research into the context of information activities outside the usual settings and using varied theoretical perspectives and tools. Attendees also heard 14 lightning talks exploring conceptual and methodological issues. Speakers considered time and emotion as dominant contextual influences in information behavior, the role of information overload and ways diverse contexts affect seeking and providing information. Discussion of research methods encouraged a mixed‐method approach and analytic bracketing and illuminated how study participants create their own information context. During the world café session, tablemates discussed how information context is constructed and evolves, research gaps and available methodologies. The symposium ended with presentation of awards for outstanding research, best paper and poster and for travel to pursue studies. Gary Marchionini was recognized for his outstanding contributions to information behavior research throughout his career.
ASIS&T annual meeting pre‐conference activities: 10th annual social informatics research symposium: Connecting (epistemic) cultures and (intellectual) communities
Authors: Rosenbaum Howard , Fichman Pnina 
Published: April 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARYAt the 2014 ASIS&T Annual Meeting, the Special Interest Group/Social Informatics (SIG/SI) celebrated 10 years spearheading research on the intersection of people, information and communications technology. The SIG's pre‐conference symposium attracted an international group of scholars and students demonstrating ways their work applies to the Annual Meeting's theme of Connecting Collections, Cultures, and Communities. Presented papers examined the influence of IT consultants' work by organizational and technical contexts, social and cultural barriers impeding the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) by resource‐poor individuals, genre analysis of technologically mediated workplace practices and links between social networks and ICTs. A panel discussion explored ties between epistemic cultures and intellectual communities and ways to promote social informatics research on the topic. The SIG presented awards for Best Paper and Best Student Paper, both touching on collaboration to enhance content. The importance of the annual research symposium was reinforced by SIG/SI earning the 2014 SIG Publication‐of‐the‐Year Award for a book that emerged from its 2012 symposium.
Alessandro Acquisti addresses ASIS&T plenary session
Authors: Hardin Steve 
Published: April 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARYDuring a plenary session of the 2014 ASIS&T Annual Meeting, Alessandro Acquisti explored aspects of online privacy and circumstances that heighten or relax our privacy concerns. Applying behavioral economics and considering our conflicting biases helps make sense of contradictory privacy decisions and behavior. Acquisti's research shows people surrender personal information for a small incentive but turn secretive when they know or suspect they are being observed. The personal information we readily post on social media can be easily collected and combined with other available clues to enable inferences with alarming breadth and accuracy. The need for social connection is precariously balanced with the desire for privacy. Acquisti further theorized an evolutionary link between perceived threat eliciting privacy concerns and our response to stimuli we interpret as suggesting the presence of others and potential risk. Though they may be subtle or hidden, such cues exist online, adding to the challenge of designing effective privacy technologies.
An introduction to the joint principles for data citation
Authors: Altman Micah , Borgman Christine , Crosas Mercè , Matone Maryann 
Published: April 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARYWhile the conventions of bibliographic citation have been long established, the sole focus is on reference to other scholarly works. Access to the data serving as the basis for scholarly work has been limited. Data citation extends important access to material that has been largely unavailable for sharing, verification and reuse. The Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles, finalized in February 2014, is a formal statement pulling together practices used in the research and publishing arenas and in common use. The declaration encompasses eight principles that stress the importance and legitimacy of data, the need to give scholarly credit to contributors and the importance of data as evidence. Cited data should have unique and persistent identifiers, and the citation should facilitate human and machine access and support verification and interoperability. The principles are expected to have broad impact on research, recognition and scholarly publishing.
Invasiveness of plants is predicted by size and fecundity in the native range
Authors: Jelbert Kim , Stott Iain , McDonald Robbie A. , Hodgson Dave 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

An important goal for invasive species research is to find key traits of species that predispose them to being invasive outside their native range.

Comparative studies have revealed phenotypic and demographic traits that correlate with invasiveness among plants. However, all but a few previous studies have been performed in the invaded range, an approach which potentially conflates predictors of invasiveness with changes that happen during the invasion process itself.

Here, we focus on wild plants in their native range to compare life‐history traits of species known to be invasive elsewhere, with their exported but noninvasive relatives. Specifically, we test four hypotheses: that invasive plant species (1) are larger; (2) are more fecund; (3) exhibit higher fecundity for a given size; and (4) attempt to make seed more frequently, than their noninvasive relatives in the native range. We control for the effects of environment and phylogeny using sympatric congeneric or confamilial pairs in the native range.

We find that invasive species are larger than noninvasive relatives. Greater size yields greater fecundity, but we also find that invasives are more fecund per‐unit‐size.

Synthesis: We provide the first multispecies, taxonomically controlled comparison of size, and fecundity of invasive versus noninvasive plants in their native range. We find that invasive species are bigger, and produce more seeds, even when we account for their differences in size. Our findings demonstrate that invasive plant species are likely to be invasive as a result of both greater size and constitutively higher fecundity. This suggests that size and fecundity, relative to related species, could be used to predict which plants should be quarantined.
Behavioral responses of Atlantic cod to sea temperature changes
Authors: Freitas Carla , Olsen Esben Moland , Moland Even , Ciannelli Lorenzo , Knutsen Halvor 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUnderstanding responses of marine species to temperature variability is essential to predict impacts of future climate change in the oceans. Most ectotherms are expected to adjust their behavior to avoid extreme temperatures and minimize acute changes in body temperature. However, measuring such behavioral plasticity in the wild is challenging. Combining 4 years of telemetry‐derived behavioral data on juvenile and adult (30–80 cm) Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), and in situ ocean temperature measurements, we found a significant effect of sea temperature on cod depth use and activity level in coastal Skagerrak. During summer, cod were found in deeper waters when sea surface temperature increased. Further, this effect of temperature was stronger on larger cod. Diel vertical migration, which consists in a nighttime rise to shallow feeding habitats, was stronger among smaller cod. As surface temperature increased beyond ~15°C, their vertical migration was limited to deeper waters. In addition to larger diel vertical migrations, smaller cod were more active and travelled larger distances compared to larger specimens. Cold temperatures during winter tended, however, to reduce the magnitude of diel vertical migrations, as well as the activity level and distance moved by those smaller individuals. Our findings suggest that future and ongoing rises in sea surface temperature may increasingly deprive cod in this region from shallow feeding areas during summer, which may be detrimental for local populations of the species.
Toxicity of fuel-contaminated soil to Antarctic moss and terrestrial algae
Authors: Nydahl Anna C. , King Catherine K. , Wasley Jane , Jolley Dianne F. , Robinson Sharon A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Fuel pollution is a significant problem in Antarctica, especially in areas where human activities occur, such as at scientific research stations. Despite this, there is little information on the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on Antarctic terrestrial biota. The authors demonstrate that the Antarctic mosses Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Schistidium antarctici, and Ceratodon purpureus, and the Antarctic terrestrial alga Prasiola crispa are relatively tolerant to Special Antarctic Blend (SAB) fuel–contaminated soil (measured as total petroleum hydrocarbons). Freshly spiked soils were more toxic to all species than were aged soils containing degraded fuel, as measured by photosynthetic efficiency (variable fluorescence/maximum fluorescence [Fv/Fm]), pigment content, and visual observations. Concentrations that caused 20% inhibition ranged from 16 600 mg/kg to 53 200 mg/kg for freshly spiked soils and from 30 100 mg/kg to 56 200 mg/kg for aged soils. The photosynthetic efficiency of C. purpureus and S. antarctici was significantly inhibited by exposure to freshly spiked soils with lowest-observed-effect concentrations of 27 900 mg/kg and 40 400 mg/kg, respectively. Prasiola crispa was the most sensitive species to freshly spiked soils (Fv/Fm lowest-observed-effect concentration 6700 mg/kg), whereas the Fv/Fm of B. pseudotriquetrum was unaffected by exposure to SAB fuel even at the highest concentration tested (62 900 mg/kg). Standard toxicity test methods developed for nonvascular plants can be used in future risk assessments, and sensitivity data will contribute to the development of remediation targets for petroleum hydrocarbons to guide remediation activities in Antarctica. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2004–2012. © 2015 SETAC
A Homozygous [Cys25]PTH(1-84) Mutation That Impairs PTH/PTHrP Receptor Activation Defines a Novel Form of Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Lee Sihoon , Mannstadt Michael , Guo Jun , Kim Seul Min , Yi Hyon-Seung , Khatri Ashok , Dean Thomas , Okazaki Makoto , Gardella Thomas J , Jüppner Harald 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia are encountered in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (IHP) and pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP1B). In contrast to PHP1B, which is caused by resistance toward parathyroid hormone (PTH), the genetic defects leading to IHP impair production of this important regulator of mineral ion homeostasis. So far, only five PTH mutations were shown to cause IHP, each of which is located in the hormone's pre-pro leader segment and thus impair hormone secretion. In three siblings affected by IHP, we now identified a homozygous arginine-to-cysteine mutation at position 25 (R25C) of the mature PTH(1-84) polypeptide; heterozygous family members are healthy. Depending on the assay used for evaluating these patients, plasma PTH levels were either low or profoundly elevated, thus leading to ambiguities regarding the underlying diagnosis, namely IHP or PHP1B. Consistent with increased PTH levels, recombinant [Cys25]PTH(1-84) and wild-type PTH(1-84) were secreted equally well by transfected COS-7 cells. However, synthetic [Cys25]PTH(1-34) was found to have a lower binding affinity for the PTH receptor type-1 (PTH1R) than PTH(1-34) and consequently a lower efficiency for stimulating cAMP formation in cells expressing this receptor. Consistent with these in vitro findings, long-term infusion of [Cys25]PTH(1-34) resulted only in minimal calcemic and phosphaturic responses, despite readily detectable levels of [Cys25]PTH(1-34) in plasma. The mineral ion abnormalities observed in the three IHP patients are thus most likely caused by the inherited homozygous missense PTH mutation, which reduces bioactivity of the secreted hormone. Based on these findings, screening for PTH(1-84) mutations should be considered when clinical and laboratory findings are consistent with PHP1B, but GNAS methylation changes have been excluded. Differentiating between IHP and PHP1B has considerable implications for genetic counseling, therapy, and long-term outcome because treatment of IHP patients with inappropriately high doses of active vitamin D and calcium can contribute to development of nephrocalcinosis and chronic kidney disease. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Diacylglycerol Kinase ζ (DGKζ) Is a Critical Regulator of Bone Homeostasis Via Modulation of c-Fos Levels in Osteoclasts
Authors: Zamani Ali , Decker Corinne , Cremasco Viviana , Hughes Lindsey , Novack Deborah V , Faccio Roberta 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Increased diacylglycerol (DAG) levels are observed in numerous pathologies, including conditions associated with bone loss. However, the effects of DAG accumulation on the skeleton have never been directly examined. Because DAG is strictly controlled by tissue-specific diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs), we sought to examine the biological consequences of DAG accumulation on bone homeostasis by genetic deletion of DGKζ, a highly expressed DGK isoform in osteoclasts (OCs). Strikingly, DGKζ-/- mice are osteoporotic because of a marked increase in OC numbers. In vitro, DGKζ-/- bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) form more numerous, larger, and highly resorptive OCs. Surprisingly, although increased DAG levels do not alter receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL) osteoclastogenic pathway, DGKζ deficiency increases responsiveness to the proliferative and pro-survival cytokine macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). We find that M-CSF is responsible for increased DGKζ-/- OC differentiation by promoting higher expression of the transcription factor c-Fos, and c-Fos knockdown in DGKζ-/- cultures dose-dependently reduces OC differentiation. Using a c-Fos luciferase reporter assay lacking the TRE responsive element, we also demonstrate that M-CSF induces optimal c-Fos expression through DAG production. Finally, to demonstrate the importance of the M-CSF/DGKζ/DAG axis on regulation of c-Fos during osteoclastogenesis, we turned to PLCγ2+/- BMMs, which have reduced DAG levels and form fewer OCs because of impaired expression of the master regulator of osteoclastogenesis NFATc1 and c-Fos. Strikingly, genetic deletion of DGKζ in PLCγ2+/- mice rescues OC formation and normalizes c-Fos levels without altering NFATc1 expression. To our knowledge, this is the first report implicating M-CSF/DGKζ/DAG axis as a critical regulator of bone homeostasis via its actions on OC differentiation and c-Fos expression. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Understanding of nanogels swelling behavior through a deep insight into their morphology
Authors: Pikabea Aintzane , Aguirre Garbiñe , Miranda Jose I. , Ramos Jose , Forcada Jacqueline 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA thorough understanding of the morphology of the environmental sensitive nanogels was indispensable to obtain a deeper insight on their stimuli‐responsive behavior. Therefore, in this work the colloidal characterization and the study of the inner morphology were related by using light scattering technique and 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance transverse relaxation measurements combined with the Flory–Rehner theory. Different biocompatible and dual‐stimuli‐sensitive nanogel particles based on poly(2‐diethylaminoethyl) methacrylate were synthesized using three different crosslinkers: two bifunctional and one multifunctional. All the nanogels obtained had a core–shell type heterogeneous morphology, but they presented completely different swelling behaviors due to their different crosslinking points’ distribution and polymeric chains’ microstructure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2017–2025
Synthesis and structure–property relationship of carbazole‐alt‐benzothiadiazole copolymers
Authors: Oriou Jules , Ng Feifei , Hadziioannou Georges , Brochon Cyril , Cloutet Eric 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA series of four π‐conjugated carbazole‐alt‐benzothiadiazole copolymers (PCBT) were prepared by Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction between synthesized dibromocarbazoles as electron‐rich subunits and 4,7‐bis(4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐2‐yl)−2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole as electron‐deficient subunits. The subunits were directly linked through 2,7‐ or 3,6‐ positions of the carbazole. In addition, the carbazole monomers have been N‐substituted by a branched or a linear side‐chain. The chemical structure of the copolymers and their precursors was confirmed by NMR and IR spectroscopies, and their molar masses were estimated by SEC. Thermal analysis under N2 atmosphere showed no weight loss below 329°C, and no glass transition was observed in between 0 and 250°C. The band gaps of all PCBTs evaluated by optical spectroscopies and by cyclic voltammetry analysis were consistent with expectations and ranged between 2.2 and 2.3 eV. Finally, 2,7 and 3,6 linkages were shown to influence optical properties of PCBTs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2059–2068