bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basal variability in CREB phosphorylation predicts trait-like differences in amygdala-dependent memory
Authors: Cowansage Kiriana K. , Bush David E. A. , Josselyn Sheena A. , Klann Eric , LeDoux Joseph E. 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Most studies in neuroscience focus on average, or typical, behavior; however, much less is known about how neurobiological differences between individuals contribute to their cognitive and emotional characteristics. In this study, we use outbred rats to investigate if CREB, a key protein required for memory formation, participates in the natural emergence of memory-related individual differences. We show that CREB is activated at lower levels in rats with trait-like deficits in emotional memory. Thus, even in genetically diverse populations, naturally occurring differences in the function of specific proteins may contribute to defining common behavioral traits.
Genetically dictated change in host mucus carbohydrate landscape exerts a diet-dependent effect on the gut microbiota
Authors: Kashyap Purna C. , Marcobal Angela , Ursell Luke K. , Smits Samuel A. , Sonnenburg Erica D. , Costello Elizabeth K. , Higginbottom Steven K. , Domino Steven E. , Holmes Susan P. , Relman David A. , Knight Rob , Gordon Jeffrey I. , Sonnenburg Justin L. 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Our data demonstrate that differences in host genotype that affect the carbohydrate landscape of the distal gut interact with diet to alter the composition and function of resident microbes in a diet-dependent manner.
Featureless and nonfractionalized Mott insulators on the honeycomb lattice at 1/2 site filling
Authors: Kimchi Itamar , Parameswaran S. A. , Turner Ari M. , Wang Fa , Vishwanath Ashvin 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Symmetries are increasingly shown to play various key roles determining the possible phases in condensed matter systems. We study bosonic particles (including electron Cooper pairs) living on the vertices of a honeycomb lattice at a density of 1/2 per site. Here the honeycomb symmetries forbid the usual fermionic band insulating state, and the conventional Mott (“strongly interacting”) insulator involves a whole number of particles frozen on each site, suggesting that featureless (fully symmetric) insulators might not exist in this system. Nevertheless, we explicitly construct quantum states and demonstrate that they are examples of featureless insulators on the honeycomb lattice at 1/2 site filling, with a procedure generalizing to lattices with symmorphic symmetry groups.
Feynman’s clock, a new variational principle, and parallel-in-time quantum dynamics
Authors: McClean Jarrod R. , Parkhill John A. , Aspuru-Guzik Alán 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Methodology for studying quantum ground-state problems is currently more mature than what is available for quantum dynamical problems. Moreover, modern computing architectures demand that new algorithms be able to make use of parallel processing. We introduce a construction inspired by quantum computation that allows one to use virtually any model for a ground-state wavefunction to model quantum many-body dynamics and formulate it in a way that naturally leads to a parallel-in-time algorithm. We show how the elementary ground-state variational principle maps onto a new time-dependent variational principle and demonstrate practical examples of its use.
Epigenetic control of natural killer cell maturation by histone H2A deubiquitinase, MYSM1
Authors: Nandakumar Vijayalakshmi , Chou YuChia , Zang Linda , Huang Xue F. , Chen Si-Yi 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that kill virus-infected and tumor cells as well as activate adaptive immunity through cytokine production. Although several transcription factors have been identified as having roles in NK cell development, little is known about the transcriptional control of these transcription factors and the epigenetic control of NK cell development. In this study we identified the importance of MYSM1, a histone H2A deubiquitinase, for NK cell maturation. We found that MYSM1-mediated epigenetic alterations control the expression of an important NK cell transcription factor, inhibitor of DNA-binding protein (ID2). This study unfolds the regulatory events of key transcription factors of NK cell development such as nuclear factor IL-3 and ID2 through an epigenetic mechanism.
Structural insights into proteoglycan-shaped Hedgehog signaling
Authors: Whalen Daniel M. , Malinauskas Tomas , Gilbert Robert J. C. , Siebold Christian 
Published: September 2013

Significance
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays key roles during embryonic development and remains active in adults. Mutations in the genes encoding the Hh signaling pathway proteins lead to developmental disorders and cancer. The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of proteoglycans at the cell surface shape Hh gradients and signal transduction. We determined the crystal structures of Hh proteins with two different GAG chains, heparin and chondroitin sulfate. The GAG-binding site we identified in the Hh protein is previously not identified and the majority of Hh residues forming this GAG-binding site have been previously implicated in developmental diseases. Analysis of the crystal packing, combined with biophysical experiments, revealed GAG-dependent Hh multimerization and suggests a unique mechanism of Hh signaling regulation.
Single-molecule FRET and linear dichroism studies of DNA breathing and helicase binding at replication fork junctions
Authors: Phelps Carey , Lee Wonbae , Jose Davis , von Hippel Peter H. , Marcus Andrew H. 
Published: September 2013

SignificanceUnique single-molecule fluorescence techniques were used to monitor DNA “breathing” at and near the junctions of model DNA replication forks on biologically relevant microsecond-to-millisecond time scales. Experiments performed in the absence and presence of helicase complexes addressed the role of these fluctuations in helicase function during DNA replication. These studies simultaneously monitored single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer and single-molecule fluorescence linear dichroism of “internal” Cy3/Cy5 labels placed rigidly into the DNA backbones at positions near the fork junction. Our results showed significant breathing at the fork junction that was greatly augmented by the presence of weakly bound helicase, followed by still larger fluctuations and strand separation after full duplex DNA unwinding by the complete tightly bound and processive helicase complex.
Expressomal approach for comprehensive analysis and visualization of ligand sensitivities of xenoestrogen responsive genes
Authors: Shioda Toshi , Rosenthal Noël F. , Coser Kathryn R. , Suto Mizuki , Phatak Mukta , Medvedovic Mario , Carey Vincent J. , Isselbacher Kurt J. 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Cells change their mRNA expression in response to biologically active substances in a dose-dependent manner. Because different genes in a cell show distinct sensitivities to the same substance, changes in the genome-wide mRNA expression profile induced by low and high doses of a substance are essentially different, but this notion has been commonly overlooked in previously published studies. Using a human cell culture model and microarray, we performed genome-wide determinations of gene sensitivities to hormonally active substances with statistically rigorous approaches. Our study provides a conceptual and methodological framework for the systematic examination of gene sensitivities and demonstrates effective detection of nonmonotonic dose-dependent responses, introducing the importance of gene sensitivity analysis to pharmacogenomic and toxicogenomic research.
Differential effect of aneuploidy on the X chromosome and genes with sex-biased expression inDrosophila
Authors: Sun Lin , Johnson Adam F. , Li Jilong , Lambdin Aaron S. , Cheng Jianlin , Birchler James A. 
Published: September 2013

SignificanceThis study demonstrates a global impact of genomic imbalance on gene expression and the generality of the inverse dosage effect and aneuploid dosage compensation. The study indicates that sex chromosomes and genes with sex-biased expression evolve distinctly in response to dosage-sensitive regulation.
Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infection in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: Blanchard Ana C. , Fortin Elise , Rocher Isabelle , Moore Dorothy L. , Frenette Charles , Tremblay Claude , Quach Caroline 
Published: September 2013

Objective.Describe the epidemiology of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) participating in a standardized and mandatory CLABSI surveillance program.Design.Retrospective cohort.Setting.We included patients admitted (April 2007-March 2011) to 7 level II/III NICUs who developed a CLABSI (as defined by the National Healthcare Safety Network).Methods. CLABSIs/1,000 central line–days and device utilization ratio were calculated;x2test, Studentttest, Kruskal-Wallis, and Poisson regression were used.Results.Overall, 191 patients had 202 CLABSI episodes for a pooled mean rate of 4.0 CLABSIs/1,000 central line-days and a device utilization ratio of 0.20. Annual pooled mean CLABSI rates increased from 3.6 in 2007-2008 to 5.1 CLABSIs/1,000 central line-days in 2010-2011 (P= .01). The all-cause 30-day case fatality proportion was 8.9% (n = 17) and occurred a median of 8 days after CLABSI. Coagulase-negativeStaphylococcuswas identified in 112 (50.5%) cases.Staphylococcus aureuswas identified in 22 cases, and 3 (13.6%) were resistant to methicillin. An underlying intra-abdominal pathology was found in 20% (40/202) of CLABSI cases, 50% of which were reported in the last year of study. When adjusted for mean birth weight, annual CLABSI incidence rates were independently associated with the proportion of intra-abdominal pathology (P= .007) and the proportion of pulmonary pathology (P= .016) reported.Conclusion.The increase in CLABSI rates in Quebec NICUs seems to be associated with an increased proportion of cases with underlying intra-abdominal and pulmonary pathologies, which needs further investigation.
Characterization of Acute and Chronic Neuropathies Induced by Oxaliplatin in Mice and Differential Effects of a Novel Mitochondria-targeted Antioxidant on the Neuropathies
Authors: Toyama Satoshi , Shimoyama Naohito , Ishida Yasuo , Koyasu Takayoshi , Szeto Hazel H. , Shimoyama Megumi 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background:
Oxaliplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of colorectal cancer, induces dose-limiting neuropathy that compromises quality of life. This study aimed to reproduce, in mice, patients’ symptoms of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy and to observe effects of SS-31, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant on the neuropathy.

Methods:
Neuropathy was induced by single or repeated injections of oxaliplatin. Cold and mechanical hypersensitivities were assessed by 15°C-cold plate, temperature preference, and von Frey tests. Morphology of peripheral nerves and dorsal root ganglions, expression of spinal cord c-Fos, density of intraepidermal nerve fibers, and levels of dorsal root ganglion–reactive oxygen/nitrogen species were examined. SS-31 was administered concomitantly or after oxaliplatin injections.

Results:
Single injection of oxaliplatin induced cold hypersensitivity in forepaws but not in hind paws which resolved within days (maximal forepaw shakes: 28 ± 1.5 vs. 9.3 ± 1.6/150 s, mean ± SEM, P < 0.001, n = 6 per group). Oxaliplatin-administered mice disfavored 10° and 15°C plates more than control. Paw stimulation at 15°C induced c-Fos–positive cells within superficial laminae of the dorsal horn in C7-T1 segments. Weekly administrations induced gradual development of persistent mechanical allodynia in the hind paws (minimal mechanical threshold: 0.19 ± 0.08 vs. 0.93 ± 0.11 g, P < 0.001, n = 10 per group). Microscopy revealed no overt morphological changes in peripheral nerves and dorsal root ganglions. Concomitant SS-31 administration with repeated oxaliplatin administration attenuated both cold and mechanical hypersensitivity. Decrease in intraepidermal nerve fibers and increase in dorsal root ganglion–reactive oxygen/nitrogen species were also attenuated. Acute SS-31 administration after symptoms were established reversed only cold hypersensitivity.

Conclusion:
This model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy mimicked patients’ conditions. SS-31 has potentials to prevent both acute and chronic neuropathies but is only helpful in treatment of acute neuropathy. (Anesthesiology 2014; 120:459-73)
Can the pilot public-private partnerships project be applied in future urban rail development?
Authors: Liu Tingting , Wilkinson Suzanne 
Published: September 2013

Purpose– This purpose of this paper is to evaluate the experiences of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in China's urban rail development, investigates the critical factors impacting on the project viability and derives lessons for future urban rail PPP projects in China and elsewhere.Design/methodology/approach– A case study of the Beijing Metro Line 4 project was adopted as the main research method with semi-structured interviews with senior practitioners and experienced academics as the primary data collection instrument. Qualitative data were collected and subjected to content analysis.Findings– The case study provides six critical factors which are required to facilitate PPP urban rail development: streamlined approval process; robust tendering; strong leadership within the public procuring authority; effective organisational structure and the private sector innovation; commensurate charging approach and government subsidising scheme; and appropriate risk allocation. The research shows that the potential to directly re-apply the Beijing Metro Line 4 model to future urban rail development is limited, but lessons for future urban rail PPPs can still be drawn from the study.Practical implications– The paper serves as an illustration to public procuring authorities and potential private investors on how to structure and manage urban rail PPPs.Originality/value– The research presents an original investigation of China’s first urban rail PPP, the Beijing Metro Line 4 project and assesses the applicability of the Beijing model to future PPP projects in urban rail development.
Financial anatomy of E4 Helsinki-Lahti shadow toll PPP-project
Authors: Leviäkangas Pekka , Wigan Marcus , Haapasalo Harri 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the returns to the investors and the state in private finance of road infrastructure. It uses an empirical case of the E4 Helsinki-Lahti road, which was built in 1995-1999 in Finland as the first real PPP-project.

Design/methodology/approach
– The analysis adopts an approach based on cash flow modelling of the project and the analyses show how the cash flows are formed and divided between the various stakeholders. The pure cash flow based approach to compare the economics of PPP vs traditional procurement of road infrastructure projects produced results that pose challenges to the logic, and pros and cons of shadow toll PPPs.

Findings
– The analysis shows that potential win-win situations are hard to find in shadow toll arrangements. This is largely due to the different discount rates used by investors and state. It is argued that the state does not include all the true costs in its appraisal of projects. Private investors, in principle and as a rule, price all of the relevant risks and uncertainties of which they are cognisant.

Originality/value
– The paper presents an analytical cash flow model that can be applied a wider range of PPP projects than simply to shadow toll roads. The paper contributes to the discussion on the viability of PPPs in different contexts.
Real option theory for risk mitigation in transport PPPs
Authors: Pellegrino Roberta , Vajdic Nevena , Carbonara Nunzia 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– Public-private partnerships (PPPs) require the analysis and allocation of a broad spectrum of risks which are considered more complex than in traditional construction contracts. Traditional risk management techniques tend to ignore the manager's ability to recognize and exploit opportunities, which arise as uncertainties are resolved over time and which could potentially increase the project's value. Therefore it is necessary that the risk management process takes account of the managerial flexibility (e.g. real options). The objective of this paper is to explore the possibilities and rationale for implementing real options strategies in the risk management process.

Design/methodology/approach
– The approach is based on a literature analysis aimed at identifying key risks and related mitigation strategies and on real option theory in order to model these strategies as managerial flexibilities that naturally exist or are built “artificially” in contractual conditions and clauses, guarantees, etc.

Findings
– The paper develops an option-based risk management framework that associates to each risk the related mitigation strategies, which are expressed in terms of real options. The latter is expressed over the project phases conditioned to the natural evolution of risks over time.

Originality/value
– This paper proposes a new “dynamic” risk management approach for PPP projects based on real options that improves the traditional risk management techniques by supporting the decision makers in finding a cost-effective combination of real options (or forms of flexibility) to embed in a PPP investment in order to optimally control risk and maximize investment value.
A PPP renegotiation framework: a road concession in Greece
Authors: Nikolaidis Nikos , Roumboutsos Athena 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a framework approach to guide the identification of potential public private partnership (PPP) renegotiation outcomes is presented. The framework is applied to a road concession project under renegotiation in Greece.

Design/methodology/approach
– The framework combines the estimation of stakeholder payoffs with respect to the various strategic options available. Their potential acceptance is evaluated with respect to the power distribution within the stakeholder network. The contextual environment determines the respective power position of each stakeholder in the network.

Findings
– The proposed framework is applied to a road concession case in Greece, under renegotiation as a result of the economic crisis. The analysis highlights the importance of the contextual environment and the limitations of solutions that seem “satisfying” for all stakeholders involved.

Social implications
– The framework is designed to guide both public and private parties involved in the renegotiation processes in identifying potential solutions or the inability to reach outcomes under specific contextual environments. Assessments are made based on expert knowledge rather than data collection, which is impossible during the renegotiation phase. The application proposed process limit renegotiation transaction costs.

Originality/value
– The renegotiation framework based on stakeholder payoffs and power theory, is an approach especially useful for complex contract renegotiations, where multiple stakeholders influence the final outcome. The importance of the contextual environment is highlighted. In addition, the paper contributes to the empirical renegotiation literature.
Alcohol treatment workers’ use of public health policy
Authors: McDonald Sarah , Homfray Mike 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the views of drug and alcohol workers on existing alcohol-related public health policies in the UK. Alcohol consumption is closely linked to negative health outcomes, social problems and increasing cost burdens for the UK public, yet alcohol consumption is legal and drinking alcohol is a normalised feature of society.

Design/methodology/approach
– Nine drug and alcohol workers completed semi-structured interviews, exploring awareness of alcohol-related public health strategies, views on how both their clients and the public orient towards drinking behaviour, and perceptions of links between alcohol treatment and public health services.

Findings
– Ambivalence towards alcohol-related public health strategies, and a lack of mutual awareness and coordination between public health and treatment services were expressed by participants. Participants felt that public health strategies around alcohol were out of reach to their client group, and failing to have a behavioural change effect on the wider public. Participants proposed several ways of improving public health strategies.

Research limitations/implications
– Drug and alcohol workers are potentially valuable contributors in developing public health policy. Their views, based both on interactions with service users and on occupationally influenced observations of society, could be utilised more effectively than is currently the case.

Originality/value
– This study uniquely ties together public health and treatment aspects of alcohol services and employs a methodology that opens the way for further research and clinical development.
Impact of store environment on impulse buying behavior
Authors: Mohan Geetha , Sivakumaran Bharadhwaj , Sharma Piyush 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– This paper aims to explore the process by which four store environment (music, light, employee, and layout) and two individual characteristics (shopping enjoyment tendency (SET) and impulse buying tendency (IBT)) influence impulse buying behavior through positive and negative affect, and urge to buy impulsively.

Design/methodology/approach
– The data were obtained using a structured questionnaire from 733 respondents in a mall survey conducted in Chennai, South India.

Findings
– In the structural model tested with AMOS, the authors found that store environment drove impulse buying (IB) through positive affect and urge. Results also showed that the personality variables (SET and IBT) influenced IB through positive affect and urge. This paper did not find support for the relationship between negative affect and urge.

Research limitations/implications
– Theoretically, the authors add to the list of antecedents of impulse buying, and to the outcomes of store environment. From a managerial viewpoint, the authors suggest that retail managers invest in improving the store environment to increase the level of impulse buying in their stores. Specifically, they need to focus on enhancing friendliness of store employees, playing appropriate music, designing proper layouts and having well-lit stores to encourage impulse buying.

Originality/value
– Prior research studied the elements of the store independently and also its long-term impact. To the best of the authors' knowledge, their research is the first to study the impact of store environment (in conjunction with trait variables) on impulse buying.