bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Protein Acetylation in Diabetic Nephropathy from Formalin‐Fixed Paraffin‐Embedded Tissue
Authors: Schwab Stefanie K. , Harris Peter S. , Michel Cole , McGinnis Courtney D. , Nahomi Rooban B. , Assiri Mohammed A. , Reisdorph Richard , Henriksen Kammi , Orlicky David J. , Levi Moshe , Rosenberg Avi , Nagaraj Ram H. , Fritz Kristofer S. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end‐stage renal disease. One potential mechanism underlying cellular dysfunction contributing to kidney disease is aberrant protein post‐translational modifications. Lysine acetylation is associated with cellular metabolic flux and is thought to be altered in patients with diabetes and dysfunctional renal metabolism.Experimental DesignA novel extraction and LC‐MS/MS approach was adapted to quantify sites of lysine acetylation from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) kidney tissue and from patients with DKD and non‐diabetic donors (n = 5 and n = 7, respectively).ResultsAnalysis of FFPE tissues identified 840 total proteins, with 225 of those significantly changing in patients with DKD. Acetylomic analysis quantified 289 acetylated peptides, with 69 of those significantly changing. Pathways impacted in DKD patients revealed numerous metabolic pathways, specifically mitochondrial function, oxidative phosphorylation, and sirtuin signaling. Differential protein acetylation in DKD patients impacted sirtuin signaling, valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, lactate metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and ketogenesis.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceA quantitative acetylomics platform was developed for protein biomarker discovery in formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded biopsies of kidney transplant patients suffering from DKD.
On the wavefunction cutoff factors of atomic hydrogen confined by an impenetrable spherical cavity
Authors: Reyes‐García Roberto , Cruz Salvador A. , Cabrera‐Trujillo Remigio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom enclosed by an impenetrable spherical cavity is solved through a Finite‐Differences approach to gain an insight on the actual nature and structure of the ansatz wavefunction cutoff factor widely used in an ad hoc manner in corresponding variational calculations to comply with the Dirichlet boundary conditions. The results of this work provide a theoretical foundation for the choice of the appropriate analytical cutoff functions that fulfill the boundary conditions. We find three different regions for the behavior of the cutoff functions. Small cavity radius where the cutoff function has a parabolic behavior, an intermediate region where the cutoff function is quasi‐linear, and a large cavity region where the cutoff function is a step‐like function. We deduce the traditional linear and quadratic cutoff functions used in the literature as well as its validity region for the confining radius. Finally, we provide a mathematical deduction of the exact cutoff function in terms of the nodal structure of the free hydrogenic wavefunctions and a relation to the Laguerre polynomials for some cavity radii where the free atomic energy level coincides with a confined energy level. We find that the cutoff function transit over several unconfined solutions in terms of its nodal structure as the system is compressed.
Characterizing Lomerizine metabolites in camel urine: High‐resolution mass spectrometry method development and validation for enhanced doping control
Authors: Nalakath Jahfar , Thacholil Rasik Puzhithinipra , Kadry Ahmed , Babu Ansar , Waseem Ibrahim , OK Praseen , Hebel Christiana , Selvapalam Narayanan , Nagarajan Erumaipatty Rajagounder 
Published: June 2024

RationaleLomerizine (LMZ) is an antimigraine drug that works as a calcium channel blocker and has selective effects on the central nervous system. It is metabolized into trimetazidine (TMZ), which is a prohibited substance owing to its performance‐enhancing effects in both human and animal sports. Effective doping control measures are imperative to distinguish the source of TMZ in samples to ensure integrity and fairness of the sport, therefore a comprehensive analysis of LMZ metabolites is essential to identify potential biomarkers in camel urine for effective doping control.MethodsCamel urine samples were collected from four healthy animals following a single oral administration of LMZ at a dosage of 1 mg/kg body weight. In vitro studies were conducted using homogenized camel liver samples. Lomerizine and its metabolites were extracted using solid‐phase extraction and analyzed with a Thermo Fisher Orbitrap Exploris liquid chromatography mass spectrometry system. The acquired data was processed with the Compound Discoverer software.ResultsThe study conducted a comprehensive analysis of LMZ metabolites in camels and identified 10 phase I and one phase II metabolites. The primary pathway for the formation of phase I metabolites was de‐alkylation, while phase II metabolite was formed through alkylation of the parent drug. The study provided valuable insights into the unique metabolic pathways of LMZ in camels under specific experimental conditions.ConclusionThe developed method enables the detection and characterization of LMZ and its metabolites in camels. The identified metabolites has the potential to act as marker metabolites for the distinctive detection of LMZ in camel urine to ensure efficient analytical strategies for routine doping control applications.
Sperm morphology: Evaluating its clinical relevance in contemporary fertility practice
Authors: Pelzman Daniel L. , Sandlow Jay I. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) recommends reporting sperm morphology in a standard semen analysis. However, the clinical utility and prognostic value of morphology is often debated.MethodsWe reviewed and summarized studies that assessed both the benefits and limitations of sperm morphology in the context of natural fertility, assisted reproductive technologies, and recurrent pregnancy loss. We additionally describe possible environmental and anatomical etiologies of teratozoospermia.ResultsSperm morphology evaluation has continuously evolved since the release of the first WHO manual in 1980. Initially, several large studies reported significant inverse associations between fertility outcomes and teratozoospermia. Most recent studies, however, fail to show an association between sperm morphology and natural or assisted fertility outcomes.ConclusionSperm morphology analysis may have limited diagnostic and prognostic value. Providers should be aware of these limitations when counseling or managing infertile patients.
Nonlinear prescribed performance sliding mode control of hypersonic vehicles
Authors: Shao Jinchao , Che Wei‐Wei , Shao Ke 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThis paper addresses the adaptive saturation prescribed performance control problem for air‐breathing hypersonic vehicles with parameter uncertainties and unknown external disturbances. First of all, different from the traditional performance function, a novel class of performance functions is presented without the initial state information, which does not require to reset parameters even if the initial velocity and altitude change. To ensure the successful design of the velocity controller and altitude controller, the constrained errors are transformed into the unconstrained errors by the projection technique. Secondly, the adaptive neural network and the sliding mode control techniques are combined to design the adaptive neural network sliding mode controllers, which guarantee that the velocity and altitude tracking errors can respectively approach the predetermined regions within the identical preset finite time. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed controllers is verified by an example with comparisons.
Ar/NH3 Plasma Etching of Cobalt‐Nickel Selenide Microspheres Rich in Selenium Vacancies Wrapped with Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Highly Efficient Air Cathode Catalysts for Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Feng Yan‐en , Chen Weiheng , Zhao Lin , Jiang Zhong‐Jie , Tian Xiaoning , Jiang Zhongqing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis work utilizes defect engineering, heterostructure, pyridine N‐doping, and carbon supporting to enhance cobalt‐nickel selenide microspheres' performance in the oxygen electrode reaction. Specifically, microspheres mainly composed of CoNiSe2 and Co9Se8 heterojunction rich in selenium vacancies (VSe·) wrapped with nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (p‐CoNiSe/NCNT@CC) are prepared by Ar/NH3 radio frequency plasma etching technique. The synthesized p‐CoNiSe/NCNT@CC shows high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance (half‐wave potential (E1/2) = 0.878 V and limiting current density (JL) = 21.88 mA cm−2). The JL exceeds the 20 wt% Pt/C (19.34 mA cm−2) and the E1/2 is close to the 20 wt% Pt/C (0.881 V). It also possesses excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance (overpotential of 324 mV@10 mA cm−2), which even exceeds that of the commercial RuO2 (427 mV@10 mA cm−2). The density functional theory calculation indicates that the enhancement of ORR performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of plasma‐induced VSe· and the CoNiSe2‐Co9Se8 heterojunction. The p‐CoNiSe/NCNT@CC electrode assembled Zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) show a peak power density of 138.29 mW cm−2, outperforming the 20 wt% Pt/C+RuO2 (73.9 mW cm−2) and other recently reported catalysts. Furthermore, all‐solid‐state ZAB delivers a high peak power density of 64.83 mW cm−2 and ultra‐robust cycling stability even under bending.
Late chordee correction after tubularized incised plate repair for proximal hypospadias: An underreported problem
Authors: Abouzeid Amr Abdelhamid , Seada Mohammad , Waly Mohamed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundRepair of proximal hypospadias remains a challenge with no consensus on the best surgical approach. Several reports have shown recurrence of chordee after plate‐preserving techniques. In this report, we present our experience in managing cases who presented with persistent/recurrence of chordee after tubularized incised plate (TIP) repair for proximal hypospadias.MethodsBetween 2015 and 2023, the study included eight patients who presented with ventral penile curvature after previous hypospadias repair in infancy (TIP urethroplasty). Reoperation to correct persistent ventral curvature was performed several years after the primary TIP repair (3–15 years; mean 7.9 years; median 7.5 years). The reoperation was a two‐stage procedure: the first stage comprised transection of the urethra and grafting (lower lip mucosal graft); the second stage (6 months later) was a Thiersch‐Duplay urethroplasty.ResultsComplications included poor taking of the graft after the first stage in one case (12.5%), which was regrafted using buccal (cheek) mucosa. Complications after second stage included urethro‐cutaneous fistulae in five (62.5%) that were successfully surgically treated at a later stage. Follow‐up after second stage ranged between 6 months and 7 years (mean 2.4 years; median 1 year). Satisfaction with reoperation to correct penile curvature was noted by parents as well as older children (adolescents) who appreciated better cosmesis by increasing ventral penile length and improved curvature.ConclusionPreservation of the urethral plate in proximal hypospadias may result in shortened penile length, mostly on the ventral aspect. A two‐stage reoperation to increase the length of the penile urethra can successfully reverse this complication.
Optimizing Tourism Data Extraction and Analysis: A Comprehensive Methodology
Authors: Galán-Hernández José Javier , Carrasco-González Ramón Alberto , Marín-Díaz Gabriel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjective: There are various sources that provide data related to tourism. However, at times, this data lacks structure or is found in sources that do not facilitate its easy, automatic, or unsupervised collection. In such situations, a methodology employing data science techniques offers a significant advantage to researchers. They can leverage the tools available through the proposed methodology to extract, process, and analyze information efficiently. While this methodology is applicable to various disciplines, this work presents a specific case focused on tourism in Spain. Methodology: Employing data science techniques like graph analysis and unsupervised machine learning, we collect and process data on tourists’ origins and numbers in Spain, using Python, R, and VOSViewer. The analysis uncovers primary tourism sources and origin-country patterns. It delves deep into Andalusia due to its high tourist influx. Results: Our study reveals key Spanish tourism sources and visitor behavior patterns. Visual data illustrates tourist origins, visit numbers, and interactions. Additionally, Andalusia is thoroughly examined for visit counts and origin countries. Conclusions: Employing data science, our study yields insights into Spanish tourism, identifying core sources and understanding origin-country interactions. These findings inform strategic decisions and enhance Spain's tourism promotion and management.
Analysis of the Trend in the Number of Followers on Social Networks in Spanish World Heritage Cities: A Comparative Study of Facebook, Instagram and Twitter
Authors: Sánchez-Rivero Marcelino , Rodríguez-Rangel María Cristina , Díez-Apolo Juan Carlos , Murillo-González Luis 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe presence of tourist destinations on social media has become a fundamental requirement for the success of tourism management. Virtually all tourist destinations have profiles on one or more social networks. However, their presence is not the same on all these social networks, as the existence of a profile and level of activity largely depends on the preferences of destination managers or the marketing strategy chosen by the destination. Using the weekly number of followers on the three main social networks of the 15 Spanish Cities of World Heritage (CEPH), the objective of this study is to delve into the analysis of the annual variation experienced by estimating the most appropriate trend model for the analyzed time series. The results obtained have allowed us to identify the profiles that have grown the most during the year, locate the social network in which this growth has occurred the most, and understand how this growth has occurred throughout the analyzed year. In turn, the trend analysis in time series reveals that, predominantly, the exponential model is the one that best fits the data. This implies that the highest growth rates occur in the middle and late months of the year.
An R Approach to Data Cleaning and Wrangling for Education Research
Authors: Kopra Juho , Tikka Santtu , Heinäniemi Merja , López-Pernas Sonsoles , Saqr Mohammed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractData wrangling, also known as data cleaning and preprocessing, is a critical step in the data analysis process, particularly in the context of learning analytics. This chapter provides an introduction to data wrangling using R and covers topics such as data importing, cleaning, manipulation, and reshaping with a focus on tidy data. Specifically, readers will learn how to read data from different file formats (e.g. CSV, Excel), how to manipulate data using the package, and how to reshape data using the package. Additionally, the chapter covers techniques for combining multiple data sources. By the end of the chapter, readers should have a solid understanding of how to perform data wrangling tasks in R.
Breakdown of field theory in near-horizon regions
Authors: Banks Tom , Draper Patrick , Karydas Manthos 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We discuss back-reaction in the semiclassical treatment of quantum fields near a black hole. When the state deviates significantly from Hartle-Hawking, simple energetic considerations of back-reaction give rise to a characteristic radial distance scale ∼ $$ {\left({r}_s^2{G}_N\right)}^{1/D} $$

r
s
2

G
N

1
/
D

, below which some breakdown of effective field theory may occur.
The gut microbiota and diabetes: research, translation, and clinical applications – 2023 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum
Authors: Byndloss Mariana , Devkota Suzanne , Duca Frank , Niess Jan Hendrik , Nieuwdorp Max , Orho-Melander Marju , Sanz Yolanda , Tremaroli Valentina , Zhao Liping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article summarises the state of the science on the role of the gut microbiota (GM) in diabetes from a recent international expert forum organised by Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia, which was held at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes 2023 Annual Meeting in Hamburg, Germany. Forum participants included clinicians and basic scientists who are leading investigators in the field of the intestinal microbiome and metabolism. Their conclusions were as follows: (1) the GM may be involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, as microbially produced metabolites associate both positively and negatively with the disease, and mechanistic links of GM functions (e.g. genes for butyrate production) with glucose metabolism have recently emerged through the use of Mendelian randomisation in humans; (2) the highly individualised nature of the GM poses a major research obstacle, and large cohorts and a deep-sequencing metagenomic approach are required for robust assessments of associations and causation; (3) because single time point sampling misses intraindividual GM dynamics, future studies with repeated measures within individuals are needed; and (4) much future research will be required to determine the applicability of this expanding knowledge to diabetes diagnosis and treatment, and novel technologies and improved computational tools will be important to achieve this goal.
Unveiling the potential of Pseudococcomyxa simplex: a stepwise extraction for cosmetic applications
Authors: Imbimbo Paola , Giustino Enrica , Ferrara Alfonso , Alvarez-Rivera Gerardo , Annaz Hassan , Ibanez Elena , Di Meo Maria Chiara , Zarrelli Armando , Monti Daria Maria 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Microalgae are gaining attention as they are considered green fabrics able to synthesize many bioactive metabolites, with unique biological activities. However, their use at an industrial scale is still a challenge because of the high costs related to upstream and downstream processes. Here, a biorefinery approach was proposed, starting from the biomass of the green microalga Pseudococcomyxa simplex for the extraction of two classes of molecules with a potential use in the cosmetic industry. Carotenoids were extracted first by an ultrasound-assisted extraction, and then, from the residual biomass, lipids were obtained by a conventional extraction. The chemical characterization of the ethanol extract indicated lutein, a biosynthetic derivative of α-carotene, as the most abundant carotenoid. The extract was found to be fully biocompatible on a cell-based model, active as antioxidant and with an in vitro anti-aging property. In particular, the lutein-enriched fraction was able to activate Nrf2 pathway, which plays a key role also in aging process. Finally, lipids were isolated from the residual biomass and the isolated fatty acids fraction was composed by palmitic and stearic acids. These molecules, fully biocompatible, can find application as emulsifiers and softener agents in cosmetic formulations. Thus, an untapped microalgal species can represent a sustainable source for cosmeceutical formulations.

Key points
• Pseudococcomyxa simplex has been explored in a cascade approach.
• Lutein is the main extracted carotenoid and has antioxidant and anti-aging activity.
• Fatty acids are mainly composed of palmitic and stearic acids.

Graphical abstract
Revitalizing high-density polyethylene (HDPE) waste: from environmental collection to high-strength hybrid yarns
Authors: Suvari Fatih , Gurvardar Hakan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPlastic products are used in large quantities. However, the fact that plastics do not degrade in nature for many years causes environmental pollution. Addressing this issue, the study focuses on recycling the widespread high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic waste. In this study, HDPE waste was collected randomly from the environment, mirroring real-world scenarios. Then, the waste was transformed into granules. Afterward, washing and drying processes were carried out. HDPE filaments of different linear densities were successfully produced from the waste plastic granules. Tensile tests revealed that the breaking strength of the filaments from waste plastic was lower than that of virgin HDPE filaments, highlighting the challenges of recycling. Hybrid yarns were formed by twisting the filaments with cotton yarn to improve the mechanical properties of the filaments from waste plastic. Remarkably, statistical analysis demonstrated that the breaking load values of the hybrid yarns from waste plastic were statistically equivalent to those made from virgin polymer. This outcome indicated that the hybrid yarns made from waste HDPE plastic were as strong as those made from virgin HDPE polymer. In addition, both hybrid yarns exhibited a breaking load 36% higher than the reference extra-twisted cotton yarn. The hybrid yarn formation made filaments produced from waste plastic a valuable component of the high-strength hybrid yarn. Overall, this study shows that recycling HDPE plastics can lead to the production of high-strength hybrid yarns, which can contribute to reducing plastic waste pollution.
Mutational analyses of the interacting domains of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Byr2 with 14-3-3s
Authors: Kobayashi-Ooka Yasuyo , Ozoe Fumiyo , Kawamukai Makoto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Byr2 kinase of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is recruited to the membrane with the assistance of Ras1. Byr2 is also negatively regulated by 14-3-3 proteins encoded by rad24 and rad25. We conducted domain and mutational analysis of Byr2 to determine which region is critical for its binding to 14-3-3 proteins. Rad24 and Rad25 bound to both the Ras interaction domain in the N-terminus and to the C-terminal catalytic domain of Byr2. When amino acid residues S87 and T94 of the Ras-interacting domain of Byr2 were mutated to alanine, Rad24 could no longer bind to Byr2. S402, S566, S650, and S654 mutations in the C-terminal domain of Byr2 also abolished its interaction with Rad24 and Rad25. More than three mutations in the C-terminal domain were required to abolish completely its interaction with 14-3-3 protein, suggesting that multiple residues are involved in this interaction. Expression of the N-terminal domain of Byr2 in wild-type cells lowered the mating ratio, because it likely blocked the interaction of Byr2 with Ste4 and Ras1, whereas expression of the catalytic domain of Byr2 increased the mating ratio as a result of freeing from intramolecular regulation by the N-terminal domain of Byr2. The S87A and T94A mutations of Byr2 increased the mating ratio and attenuated inhibition of Byr2 by Rad24; therefore, these two amino acids are critical for its regulation by Rad24. S566 of Byr2 is critical for activity of Byr2 but not for its interaction with 14-3-3 proteins. In this study, we show that 14-3-3 proteins interact with two separate domains in Byr2 as negative regulators.