bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting new graduate nurses making the transition to rural nursing practice: views from experienced rural nurses
Authors: Lea Jackie , Cruickshank Mary 
Published: July 2015

Aims and objectivesTo present the findings from the experienced rural nurse participants of a larger study that explored the transitional experiences of newly graduated nurses making the role transition in rural health care facilities in Australia.BackgroundThere are specific and unique aspects of rural nursing practice that influence the nature and timing of support for new graduate nurses that have not been explored or acknowledged as influencing the new graduate nurses’ experience of transition. Specifically, the difficulties and challenges that experienced rural nurses face in providing effective and timely support for new graduate nurses who are making the transition to rural nursing practice is yet to be explored.DesignUsing a qualitative case study framework, this study specifically aimed to investigate and describe the nature and timing of support required during the transition to nursing practice that is specific for the rural context and capacity.MethodsIndividual in‐depth interviews were conducted with 16 experienced rural nurses who, at the time of the study, worked with new graduate nurses in the rural practice environment.ResultsThe findings from this study showed that the provision of timely on‐ward support for new graduates making the transition to rural nursing practice is affected and influenced by the skill mix and staffing allocation within the rural environment. As well, there is a lack of awareness by rural nurses of how to meet the on‐ward support needs of new graduate nurses.ConclusionsThis study has identified the specific and unique aspects of the rural nurse's role and responsibilities for which the new graduate nurse requires incremental learning and intensive clinical support.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings can be used by rural health services and experienced rural registered nurses to assist in implementing adequate and timely support for new graduate nurses.
Magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis and management of unruptured interstitial pregnancy
Authors: Takeda Akihiro , Koike Wataru , Hayashi Shotaro , Imoto Sanae , Nakamura Hiromi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis and management of suspicious unruptured interstitial pregnancy.Material and MethodsOnly patients with unruptured interstitial pregnancy evaluated by MRI and observed for at least a year after surgery were included. Initial evaluation was performed by measurement of serum β‐human chorionic gonadotrophin level and ultrasonography. In suspicious cases, emergency MRI was performed to diagnose interstitial pregnancies with the exclusion of rudimentary horn pregnancy and angular pregnancy. Three‐dimensional computed tomographic (CT) angiography was additionally performed if the uteroplacental neovascularization needed to be evaluated. Then, management procedures were individually determined along with the need for preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for immediate devascularization, and for the local or systemic administration of methotrexate. Either laparoscopic cornuostomy or cornual resection was chosen to excise the gestational mass.ResultsFive consecutive women with unruptured interstitial pregnancy were enrolled. One case each of rudimentary horn pregnancy and angular pregnancy was excluded. Three‐dimensional CT angiography was performed in three cases due to increased vascular flow on color Doppler ultrasonography. Preoperative devascularization by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization was performed in two cases, in which a prominent neovascularized gestational mass was identified. Uterine preservation was achieved by cornuostomy or cornual resection in all cases. Two patients with a desire to become pregnant conceived spontaneously thereafter, followed by successful cesarean birth.ConclusionThis small case series emphasizes that precise localization of gestational products in the interstitial portion of the fallopian tube by MRI can facilitate the minimally invasive management of unruptured interstitial pregnancy for uterine preservation.
Efficacy and safety of cell‐free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) in gynecologic cancer patients with a large volume of ascites
Authors: Wang Liangcheng , Okubo Takashi , Shinsaka Mamiko , Kobayashi Akiko , Ogasawara Miwa , Sakaguchi Riko , Nagai Tomonori , Seki Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cell‐free concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) on a large amount of ascites.Material and MethodsFifty‐eight CART procedures were performed in nine patients with ovarian, endometrial, or cervical cancer from February 2013 to September 2014. The medical records were retrospectively reviewed for the amount of collected ascites, vital signs, and laboratory results before and after CART.ResultsNo obvious change in the plasma protein and plasma albumin concentration was found after CART for < 5 L of ascites; however, obvious increases in both were observed in CART for ≥ 5 L of ascites (P < 0.001). The optimum cut‐off value for obtaining a positive variant of plasma protein and plasma albumin after CART was 7.9 L. CART for ≥ 5 L of ascites did not increase the risk of transient water retention in the body (odds ratio = 2.2; 95% confidence interval: 0.35–13.83; P = 0.38); however, CART for ≥ 7.9 L of ascites increased the risk of water retention (odds ratio = 8.4; 95% confidence interval: 1.91–44.09; P = 0.004). The optimal cut‐off value of ascites for predicting water retention due to CART was 9.2 L.ConclusionMassive ascites collection in CART < 9.2 L appears to be a safe and effective treatment for improving general condition, plasma protein, and electrolytes in gynecologic cancer patients.
Calcium supplements: benefits and risks
Authors: Reid I. R. , Bristow S. M. , Bolland M. J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCalcium is an essential element in the diet, but there is continuing controversy regarding its optimal intake, and its role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Most studies show little evidence of a relationship between calcium intake and bone density, or the rate of bone loss. Re‐analysis of data from the placebo group from the Auckland Calcium Study demonstrates no relationship between dietary calcium intake and rate of bone loss over 5 years in healthy older women with intakes varying from <400 to >1500 mg day−1. Thus, supplements are not needed within this range of intakes to compensate for a demonstrable dietary deficiency, but might be acting as weak anti‐resorptive agents via effects on parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. Consistent with this, supplements do acutely reduce bone resorption and produce small short‐term effects on bone density, without evidence of a cumulative density benefit. As a result, anti‐fracture efficacy remains unproven, with no evidence to support hip fracture prevention (other than in a cohort with severe vitamin D deficiency) and total fracture numbers are reduced by 0–10%, depending on which meta‐analysis is considered. Five recent large studies have failed to demonstrate fracture prevention in their primary analyses. This must be balanced against an increase in gastrointestinal side effects (including a doubling of hospital admissions for these problems), a 17% increase in renal calculi and a 20–40% increase in risk of myocardial infarction. Each of these adverse events alone neutralizes any possible benefit in fracture prevention. Thus, calcium supplements appear to have a negative risk–benefit effect, and so should not be used routinely in the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis.
Testing the Parent–Adolescent Acculturation Discrepancy Hypothesis: A Five‐Wave Longitudinal Study
Authors: Schwartz Seth J. , Unger Jennifer B. , Baezconde‐Garbanati Lourdes , Zamboanga Byron L. , Córdova David , Lorenzo‐Blanco Elma I. , Huang Shi , Des Rosiers Sabrina E. , Soto Daniel W. , Lizzi Karina M. , Villamar Juan A. , Pattarroyo Monica , Szapocznik José 
Published: July 2015

This 2½‐year, 5‐wave longitudinal study tests the hypothesis that acculturation discrepancies between Hispanic immigrant parents and adolescents would lead to compromised family functioning, which would then lead to problematic adolescent outcomes. Recent‐immigrant Hispanic parent–adolescent dyads (N = 302) completed measures of acculturation and family functioning. Adolescents completed measures of positive youth development, depressive symptoms, problem behavior, and substance use. Results indicated that Time 1 discrepancies in Hispanic culture retention, and linear trajectories in some of these discrepancies, negatively predicted adolescent positive youth development, and positively predicted adolescent depressive symptoms and binge drinking, indirectly through adolescent‐reported family functioning. The vast majority of effects were mediated rather than direct, supporting the acculturation discrepancy hypothesis. Implications for further research and intervention are discussed.
Phloridzin-sensitive transport of echinacoside and acteoside and altered intestinal absorption route after application of Cistanche tubulosa extract
Authors: Tanino Tadatoshi , Nagai Noriaki , Funakami Yoshinori 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study was to address the beneficial effects of Cistanche tubulosa extract on improving the low intestinal permeability of echinacoside (ECH) and acteoside (ACT).

Methods
Absorption of ECH and ACT in C. tubulosa extract was characterized using human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers with intact compounds. Glucose transporter-dependent absorption of ECH and ACT was confirmed by an in-situ intestinal perfusion technique.

Key findings
The apparent permeability (Papp) was not significantly different between intact ECH and intact ACT. In the presence of phloridzin, the Papp of the ECH and ACT at a high dose was reduced to 20% of the respective non-treatment, but was not altered by phloretin and verapamil. C. tubulosa extract at low and high doses enhanced the Papp of ECH and ACT (both by threefold), resulting in their large participation in sodium-dependent glucose transporter-independent absorption. At a low concentration, concomitant ECH and ACT levels in portal blood were significantly suppressed by phloridzin.

Conclusion
The dietary and medicinal C. tubulosa extract enhancing the intestinal absorption of ECH and ACT may serve to better manage human health, although the involvement of phloridzin-sensitive transport should be reduced.
Psychometric properties of the Spanish Burnout Inventory among staff nurses
Authors: Gil‐Monte P. R. , Manzano‐García G. 
Published: July 2015

Accessible summary

The burnout syndrome contributes to the deterioration in the quality of personal life as well as lower quality practice in healthcare personnel. Researchers have been concerned about the psychometric limitations of some previous questionnaires designed to evaluate burnout. The Spanish Burnout Inventory was developed to address the problems associated with other instruments, but it has not yet been validated in staff nurses.

This study provides evidence that the Spanish Burnout Inventory has adequate psychometric properties to estimate burnout in staff nurses.

The Spanish Burnout Inventory offers a theoretical proposal to explain the different components of burnout.

The Spanish Burnout Inventory provides researchers and practitioners with an expanded conceptualization of the burnout syndrome, which can facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of nursing professionals.

AbstractResearchers have been concerned about the psychometric limitations of the some previous questionnaires designed to evaluate burnout. To address these problems associated with previous instruments, the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) was developed. The instrument has not yet been validated in staff nurses. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the SBI. The sample consisted of 720 staff nurses from two Spanish general hospitals. The instrument is composed of 20 items distributed in four dimensions: Enthusiasm towards the job (five items), Psychological exhaustion (four items), Indolence (six items) and Guilt (five items). Data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. To assess the factorial validity of the SBI, four alternative models were tested. Results show that the four‐factor model of the SBI has adequate psychometric properties for the study of burnout in staff nurses. This model fitted the data better than the alternative models. The study provides evidence of the adequate psychometric properties of a measure to evaluate burnout in nursing professionals. The SBI proposes a theoretical explanation for the different types of burnout, facilitating the diagnosis and treatment of staff nurses.
The preliminary study on the effects of growth hormone and insulin‐like growth factor‐I on κ‐casein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells in vitro
Authors: Wang M. Z. , Ji Y. , Wang C. , Chen L. M. , Wang H. R. , Loor J. J. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe effects of growth hormone (GH) and insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) on protein synthesis and gene expression of κ‐casein in bovine mammary epithelial cell in vitro were studied. The treatments were designed as follows: the growth medium without serum was set as the control group, while the treatments were medium supplemented with GH (100 ng/ml), IGF‐I (100 ng/ml), and GH (100 ng/ml) + IGF‐I (100 ng/ml). The quantity of κ‐casein protein was measured by ELISA, and the κ‐casein gene (CSN3) expression was examined by real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR). Compared with the control group, all the experimental groups had greater (p < 0.05) expression of CSN3. The concentration of κ‐casein followed a similar response as CSN3, but the difference between the treatments and the control was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Furthermore, no synergistic effect of GH and IGF‐I was observed for both the κ‐casein concentration and CSN3 expression. It is therefore concluded that GH or IGF‐I can independently promote the expression of CSN3 in bovine mammary epithelial cells in vitro.
Effects of daidzein on alveolar bone loss and internal microstructures of bone in a rat model of experimental periodontitis: a study using micro‐computed tomography
Authors: Bae S. H. , Ha M. H. , Choi E.‐Y. , Choi J.‐I. , Choi I. S. , Kim S.‐J. 
Published: July 2015

Background and ObjectiveDaidzein is an isoflavone abundant in soybeans, kudzu root and red clover, which have been widely studied for its therapeutic potential. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of daidzein on alveolar bone loss and internal microstructures of bone in a rat model of experimental periodontitis by assessing morphological data obtained from micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT).Material and MethodsTwenty‐four male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following three groups comprising eight animals each: the nonligation (NL) group; the ligation (L) group; and the ligation+daidzein (LD) group. To induce periodontitis, a 4‐0 braided silk ligature was tied around the cervical area of the lower‐right first molars of rats in groups L and LD. Rats in the LD group were given daily doses of daidzein (10 mg/kg of body weight) by intraperitoneal injection immediately after ligature placement. Two weeks after the placement of ligatures, mandibular block biopsies were scanned using a micro‐CT system.ResultsDaily administration of daidzein strongly suppressed the ligature‐induced loss of alveolar bone height. In addition, when rats were treated with daidzein, the ligature‐induced decrease in the bone volume fraction was significantly recovered. Furthermore, daidzein significantly reversed ligature‐induced deteriorations in the microarchitecture parameters of trabecular bone, such as trabecular thickness, bone mineral density, trabecular separation and structure model index.ConclusionThe study presented here demonstrates, for the first time, that daidzein effectively reduces alveolar bone destruction resulting from experimental periodontitis in rats. Further studies are necessary for the translation of this compound clinically to improve the outcomes of patients diagnosed with periodontitis.
Refining Inclusion Levels of Grain Distiller's Dried Yeast in Commercial‐type and Plant‐based Diets for Juvenile Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Sealey Wendy M. , O'Neill Thomas J. , Peach Jesse T. , Gaylord T. Gibson , Barrows Frederic T. , Block Stephanie S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRecent studies with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, demonstrated that grain distiller's dried yeast (GDDY) at up to 12% inclusion was an effective dietary protein source when replacing fish meal. To examine the effectiveness of GDDY when replacing an increased variety of dietary protein sources, two feeding trials were conducted. In the first trial, six commercial‐type diets were formulated to contain 42% digestible protein and 20% crude lipid with GDDY included at 0, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18% to replace all dietary protein sources except fish meal. In the second trial, four plant‐based diets with GDDY at 0, 9, 12, and 15% were examined. Experimental diets were fed twice daily, to apparent satiation, to three replicate tanks of fish/diet (initial weight = 22.3 ± 0.7 g) for 10 wk in a 15 C recirculating system. Results demonstrated excellent fish growth and the inclusion rate of GDDY did not negatively affect growth or feed conversion. No significant negative effects of GDDY on body indices or whole‐body proximate composition were observed. Based on these results, GDDY can be included in both commercial‐type diets and plant‐based diets for rainbow trout at up to 18 or 15%, respectively, without decreasing growth performance.
Sequence Variation in the Farnesoic Acid O‐methyltransferase Gene and its Associations with Growth of Shrimp, Penaeus chinensis
Authors: Li Zhaoxia , Wang Jinye , Zhang Yan , Wang Chunde , He Yuying 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study is to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the farnesoic acid O‐methyltransferase gene in shrimp, Penaeus chinensis (PcFAMeT), and analyze the potential association between PcFAMeT gene polymorphisms and growth traits in a cultured population. Four SNPs (A163G, G392T, A708G, and T752C) were tested for association with six growth traits in 240 individuals using the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method. The association analysis of SNPs of PcFAMeT gene with the six growth traits was carried out using general linear model estimation. Results indicated that SNP2 (G392T) of the PcFAMeT gene was significantly associated with body weight (P < 0.05) and carapace width (P < 0.05). The individuals of genotype GG grew faster than those of genotype GT and TT. The results would provide potential application in future shrimp breeding programs and may be used to improve the efficiency in shrimp, P. chinensis, breeding programs.
Growth Performance, Fatty Acid Composition, Peroxisome Proliferator‐activated Receptors Gene Expressions, and Antioxidant Abilities of Blunt Snout Bream, Megalobrama amblycephala, Fingerlings Fed Different Dietary Oil Sources
Authors: Li Yang , Zhao Yuntong , Zhang Yongkang , Liang Xiao , Zhang Yin , Gao Jian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA 60‐d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary oil sources on growth, fatty acid composition, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) gene expression levels, and antioxidant responses of blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala, fingerlings. Fish (average initial weight, 0.35 ± 0.01 g) were fed five experimental diets respectively containing fish oil (FO), soybean oil, canola oil, peanut oil, and palm oil (PaO). Results showed that body weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio did not significantly differ among treatments. Fish fed PaO diet showed significantly higher hepatosomatic index value and liver lipid content than those fed FO diet. The FO group showed significantly higher liver eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3) + docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3) concentrations than other groups in both neutral lipid and polar lipid fractions. The mRNA expression levels of PPAR‐α and PPAR‐γ in the liver were significantly increased by feeding vegetable oil diets compared to FO. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in livers of fish fed PaO diet were lower than those fed FO diet. Meanwhile, PaO group had significantly lower malondialdehyde value than other groups. In conclusion, we suggested that a combination of FO and vegetable oil diet should be used in feed formulations for blunt snout bream fingerlings.
Iron isotopic measurements in presolar silicate and oxide grains from the Acfer 094 ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite
Authors: Ong Wei Jia , Floss Christine 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe carried out Fe isotopic analyses on 21 O‐rich presolar grains from the Acfer 094 ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite. Presolar grains were identified on the basis of oxygen isotopic ratios, and elemental compositions were measured by Auger spectroscopy. The Fe isotopic measurements were carried out by analyzing the Fe isotopes as negative secondary oxides with the NanoSIMS to take advantage of the higher spatial resolution of the Cs+ primary ion beam. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach for measuring both 54Fe/56Fe and 57Fe/56Fe. The ion yield for FeO– is significantly lower than for Fe+, but this is not a serious limitation for presolar silicate grains with Fe as a major element. Most of the grains analyzed are ferromagnesian silicates, but we also measured four oxide grains. Iron contents are high in all of the grains, ranging from 10 to 40 atom%. Three of the grains belong to oxygen isotope Group 4. All of them have 54Fe/56Fe and 57Fe/56Fe ratios that are solar within errors, consistent with an origin in the outer zones of a Type II supernova, as indicated by their oxygen isotopic compositions. The remaining grains belong to oxygen isotope Group 1, with origins in low‐mass AGB stars. The majority of these also have solar 54Fe/56Fe and 57Fe/56Fe ratios. However, four grains are depleted in 57Fe; one is also slightly depleted in 54Fe. Current AGB models predict excesses in 57Fe with 54Fe/56Fe ratios that largely reflect the metallicity of the parent star. While the solar 57Fe/56Fe ratios are consistent with formation of the grains in early third dredge‐up episodes, these models cannot account for the grains with 57Fe depletions. Comparison with galactic evolution models suggests formation of these grains from stars with significantly subsolar metallicity; however, these models also predict large depletions in 54Fe, which are not observed in the grains. Thus, the isotopic compositions of these grains remain unexplained.