bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase I Trial of a Novel Anti-GD2 Monoclonal Antibody, Hu14.18K322A, Designed to Decrease Toxicity in Children With Refractory or Recurrent Neuroblastoma
Authors: Navid Fariba , Sondel Paul M. , Barfield Raymond , Shulkin Barry L. , Kaufman Robert A. , Allay Jim A. , Gan Jacek , Hutson Paul , Seo Songwon , Kim KyungMann , Goldberg Jacob , Hank Jacquelyn A. , Billups Catherine A. , Wu Jianrong , Furman Wayne L. , McGregor Lisa M. , Otto Mario , Gillies Stephen D. , Handgretinger Rupert , Santana Victor M. 
Published: April 2014

PurposeThe addition of immunotherapy, including a combination of anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody (mAb), ch14.18, and cytokines, improves outcome for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. However, this therapy is limited by ch14.18-related toxicities that may be partially mediated by complement activation. We report the results of a phase I trial to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), safety profile, and pharmacokinetics of hu14.18K322A, a humanized anti-GD2 mAb with a single point mutation (K322A) that reduces complement-dependent lysis.Patients and MethodsEligible patients with refractory or recurrent neuroblastoma received escalating doses of hu14.18K322A ranging from 2 to 70 mg/m2per day for 4 consecutive days every 28 days (one course).ResultsThirty-eight patients (23 males; median age, 7.2 years) received a median of two courses (range, one to 15). Dose-limiting grade 3 or 4 toxicities occurred in four of 36 evaluable patients and were characterized by cough, asthenia, sensory neuropathy, anorexia, serum sickness, and hypertensive encephalopathy. The most common non–dose-limiting grade 3 or 4 toxicities during course one were pain (68%) and fever (21%). Six of 31 patients evaluable for response by iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine score had objective responses (four complete responses; two partial responses). The first-course pharmacokinetics of hu14.18K322A were best described by a two-compartment linear model. Median hu14.18K322A α (initial phase) and β (terminal phase) half-lives were 1.74 and 21.1 days, respectively.ConclusionThe MTD, and recommended phase II dose, of hu14.18K322A is 60 mg/m2per day for 4 days. Adverse effects, predominately pain, were manageable and improved with subsequent courses.
IGH@ Translocations Are Prevalent in Teenagers and Young Adults With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Are Associated With a Poor Outcome
Authors: Russell Lisa J. , Enshaei Amir , Jones Lisa , Erhorn Amy , Masic Dino , Bentley Helen , Laczko Karl S. , Fielding Adele K. , Goldstone Anthony H. , Goulden Nicholas , Mitchell Christopher D. , Wade Rachel , Vora Ajay , Moorman Anthony V. , Harrison Christine J. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose To determine the prevalence and prognostic association of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH@) translocations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Patients and Methods The cohort comprised 3,269 patients treated on either the UKALL2003 trial for children and adolescents (1 to 24 years old) or the UKALLXII trial for adolescents and adults (15 to 59 years old). High-throughput fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to detect IGH@ translocations. Results We identified IGH@ translocations in 5% of patients with ALL (159 of 3,269 patients), in patients with both B-cell (148 of 2,863 patients) and T-cell (11 of 408 patients) disease. Multiple partner genes were identified including CRLF2 (n = 35), five members of the CEPB gene family (n = 17), and ID4 (n = 11). The level of the IGH@-positive clone varied and indicated that some IGH@ translocations were primary events, whereas others were secondary aberrations often associated with other established aberrations. The age profile of patients with IGH@ translocations was distinctive, with a median age of 16 years and peak incidence of 11% among 20- to 24-year-old patients. Among patients with B-cell precursor ALL who were Philadelphia chromosome negative, those with an IGH@ translocation had an inferior overall survival compared with other patients (UKALL2003: hazard ratio, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.34 to 4.18; P = .003; UKALLXII: hazard ratio, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.47; P = .002). However, this adverse effect was not independent of age or minimal residual disease status and did not seem to be driven by an increased risk of relapse. Conclusion IGH@ translocations define a genetic feature that is frequent among adolescents and young adults with ALL. Although associated with an adverse outcome in adults, it is not an independent prognostic factor in children and adolescents.
Patients With Apparently Nonfunctioning Adrenal Incidentalomas May Be at Increased Cardiovascular Risk Due to Excessive Cortisol Secretion
Authors: Androulakis Ioannis I. , Kaltsas Gregory A. , Kollias Georgios E. , Markou Athina C. , Gouli Aggeliki K. , Thomas Dimitrios A. , Alexandraki Krystallenia I. , Papamichael Christos M. , Hadjidakis Dimitrios J. , Piaditis George P. 
Published: April 2014

Context:
Although adrenal incidentalomas (AIs) are associated with a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors, it is not clear whether patients with nonfunctioning AI (NFAI) have increased CVR.

Objective:
Our objective was to investigate CVR in patients with NFAI.

Design and Setting:
This case-control study was performed in a tertiary general hospital.

Subjects:
Subjects included 60 normotensive euglycemic patients with AI and 32 healthy controls (C) with normal adrenal imaging.

Main Outcome Measures:
All participants underwent adrenal imaging, biochemical and hormonal evaluation, and the following investigations: 1) measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and flow-mediated dilatation, 2) 2-hour 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test and calculation of insulin resistance indices (homeostasis model assessment, quantitative insulin sensitivity check, and Matsuda indices), 3) iv ACTH stimulation test, 4) low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, and 5) NaCl (0.9%) post-dexamethasone saline infusion test.

Results:
Based on cutoffs obtained from controls, autonomous cortisol secretion was documented in 26 patients (cortisol-secreting AI [CSAI] group), whereas 34 exhibited adequate cortisol and aldosterone suppression (NFAI group). IMT measurements were higher and flow-mediated vasodilatation was lower in the CSAI group compared with both NFAI and C and in the NFAI group compared with C. The homeostasis model assessment index was higher and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and Matsuda indices were lower in the CSAI and NFAI groups compared with C as well as in CSAI compared with the NFAI group. The area under the curve for cortisol after ACTH stimulation was higher in the CSAI group compared with the NFAI group and C and in the NFAI group compared with C. In the CSAI group, IMT correlated with cortisol, urinary free cortisol, and cortisol after a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, whereas in the NFAI group, IMT correlated with area under the curve for cortisol after ACTH stimulation and urinary free cortisol.

Conclusions:
Patients with CSAI without hypertension, diabetes, and/or dyslipidemia exhibit adverse metabolic and CVR factors. In addition, NFAIs are apparently associated with increased insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction that correlate with subtle but not autonomous cortisol excess.
Universal Genetic Screening Uncovers a Novel Presentation of an SDHAF2 Mutation
Authors: Casey Ruth , Garrahy Aoife , Tuthill Antoinette , O'Halloran Domhnall , Joyce Caroline , Casey Mary B. , O'Shea Paula , Bell Marcia 
Published: April 2014

Context:Hereditary pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PC/PGL) accounts for up to 60% of previously considered sporadic tumors. Guidelines suggest that phenotype should guide genetic testing. Next-generation sequencing technology can simultaneously sequence 9 of the 18 known susceptibility genes in a timely, cost-efficient manner.Objective:Our aim was to confirm that universal screening is superior to targeted testing in patients with histologically confirmed PC and PGL.Methods:In two tertiary referral hospitals in Ireland, NGS was carried out on all histologically confirmed cases of PC/PGL diagnosed between 2004 and 2013. The following susceptibility genes were sequenced: VHL, RET, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF2, TMEM127, and MAX. A multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis was performed in VHL, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, and SDHAF2 genes to detect deletions and duplications.Results:A total of 31 patients were tested, 31% (n = 10) of whom were found to have a genetic mutation. Of those patients with a positive genotype, phenotype predicted genotype in only 50% (n = 5). Significant genetic mutations that would have been missed in our cohort by phenotypic evaluation alone include a mutation in TMEM127, two mutations in SDHAF2, and two mutations in RET. Target testing would have identified three of the latter mutations based on age criteria. However, 20% of patients (n = 2) would not have satisfied any criteria for targeted testing including one patient with a novel presentation of an SDHAF2 mutation.Conclusion:This study supports the value of universal genetic screening for all patients with PC/PGL.
Corporate Social Responsibility in the Wood Products Industry: US and Chinese Consumers' Perceptions
Authors: Cai Zhen , Aguilar Francisco X. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This study examined US and Chinese consumers' perceptions of the economic, ethical, legal, and philanthropic responsibilities that wood products companies should be held responsible for. Survey data collected in the United States and China in 2011 were analyzed to determine whether this four-component corporate social responsibility (CSR) model was valid and to explore differences between the two countries. Results suggest that economic, ethical, legal, and philanthropic dimensions fit well a model of CSR. Responsibilities related to sound forest management were embedded in legal and ethical expectations. Wood products consumers from both nations self-reported higher expectations for companies' legal and ethical responsibilities than for economic and philanthropic responsibilities. US respondents' expectations for ethical and philanthropic responsibilities in the wood products industry had positive and significant effects on their stated preferences to purchase wood products. In China, only respondents' expectations for philanthropic responsibilities were found to have a positive and significant impact on stated purchasing preferences. The premise that wood products companies' primary objective is to attain economic profits may not be representative of consumers' expectations. Economic expectations seem axiomatic, and consumers instead deem this and likely other natural resource–based industries should exercise greater legal, ethical, and philanthropic practices.
The Clinical Use of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) in Australia
Authors: Kinsella-Ritter Angela , Gibson Frances L. , Wyver Shirley 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) is a standardised assessment used to assess the developmental functioning of infants and young children from 1 month to 42 months of age (Bayley, 2006a). The Bayley scales are recognised internationally as one of the most comprehensive developmental assessment instruments (Sattler & Hoge, 2006) used to examine the major facets of a young child's development (Bayley, 2006a). The primary purpose of the Bayley-III is to identify children with developmental delay and to provide information for intervention implementation (Bayley, 2006a). The domains of early development covered increased from two to five including cognition, language, motor, social-emotional and adaptive behaviour with the publication of the third edition (Bayley, 2006a). While the original Bayley scales were predominately used by psychologists, publication of later editions led to accredited use, within the Australian and New Zealand context, by developmental paediatricians, occupational therapists, physiotherapists and speech pathologists (Bayley, 1969; Bayley 1992; Pearson Clinical and Talent Assessment, 2009). Although the Bayley-III is more comprehensive and a broader range of professionals now use the scales little is known about the clinical application. The current study aimed to explore the use of the Bayley-III in practice and views on the current US norms. An online survey was conducted and the findings revealed that the majority of respondents were interested in Australian local norms; the predominant age range assessed was the 24- to 42-month-old group and the most common clinical group seen and assessed was children presenting with global developmental delay. While the majority of the respondents used the Bayley-III approximately once a month or more, at least one third used it less often. However anticipated use over the next 12 months indicated a notable increase from 30% currently using it once or twice weekly up to 65%.
Reviews
Authors: Fitzgerald-Hoyt Mary , Staels Hilde 
Published: April 2014

The China Factory, Mary Costello (2012) Dublin: Stinging Fly Press, 159pp., ISBN: 9781906539214, p/bk, £10.99.
The Shelter of Neighbours, Éilís Ní Dhuibhne (2012) Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 265pp., ISBN: 9780856408861, p/bk, £12.99.
Critical Insights.
Alice Munro, Charles May (ed.) (2013) Ipswich: Salem Press, 300 pp., ISBN: 9781429837224, h/b, £65.54.
Epicurus on the Fear of Death and the Relative Value of Lives
Authors: Rider Benjamin A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEpicurus argued that death is no misfortune, because when a person dies, he no longer has sensation, and sensation is a necessary condition of value for a person. This argument, however, faces a powerful objection. Contemporary philosophers argue that death is bad precisely because it deprives one of good experiences one would have had, had one not died. I analyze and evaluate the Epicurean response to this objection, showing how, according to Epicurus, this objection reflects mistaken and unhealthy ideas about how lives should be evaluated. Uncovering and addressing these modes of evaluation constitutes a central aim of Epicurean therapy.
A solvent free approach for Knoevenagel condensation: facile synthesis of 3-cyano and 3-carbethoxycoumarins
Authors: Kumar Suresh 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A simple, efficient and solvent free approach for the Knoevenagel condensation has been developed which involves grinding of active methylene compounds with aromatic aldehydes over basic alumina. Using this solvent free Knoevenagel approach, a facile and efficient synthesis of 3-cyano and 3-carbethoxycoumarins has also been developed, which involves the grinding of 2-hydroxybenzaldehydes with malononitrile or ethylcyanoacetate respectively over basic alumina followed by grinding with p-toluenesulphonic acid (PTSA) in the same mortar.
Shortening distance of forward and reverse primers for nucleic acid isothermal amplification
Authors: Haitao Qu , Wenchao Zhang , Xiaohui Zhang , Xiujun Wang , Sulong Li 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Existent nucleic acid isothermal detection techniques for clinical diseases are difficult to promote greatly due to limitations in such aspects as methodology, costs of detection, amplification efficiency and conditions for operation. There is therefore an urgent need for a new isothermal amplification method with the characteristics of high accuracy, easy operation, short time of detection and low costs. We have devised a new method of nucleic acid isothermal amplification using Bst DNA polymerase under isothermal conditions (60–65°C). We call this method of amplification by shortening the distance between forward and reverse primers for nucleic acid isothermal amplification SDAMP. The results demonstrated that this technique is highly sensitive, specific and has short reaction times (40–60 min). Results of sequencing show that the products of SDAMP amplification are mainly polymers formed by series connection of monomers formed through linkage of forward primer and complementary sequences in reverse primer via a few bases. The method is different from current methods of nucleic acid amplification. Our study shows, however, that it is a specific method of nucleic acid isothermal amplification depending on interactions between primers and DNA template.
Functional aspects of extracellular cyclophilins
Authors: Hoffmann Henrik , Schiene-Fischer Cordelia 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The cyclophilin family of peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerases includes several isoforms found to be secreted in response to different stimuli, thus existing both in the interior and the exterior of cells. The extracellular fractions of the cyclophilins CypA and CypB are involved in the control of cell-cell communication. By binding to the cell membrane receptor CD147 and cell surface heparans they elicit a variety of intracellular signaling cascades involved in inflammatory processes. Increased levels of cyclophilins in inflammatory tissues and body fluids are considered as an inflammatory response to injury. Thus, the extracellular portion of cyclophilins probably plays an important role in human diseases associated with acute or chronic inflammation like rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, asthma and cardiovascular diseases. Specific inhibition of the cyclophilins in the extracellular space may open an effective therapeutic approach for treating inflammatory diseases.
Interaction of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Free Acid and Adenosine Triphosphate on Muscle Mass, Strength, and Power in Resistance Trained Individuals
Authors: Lowery Ryan P. , Joy Jordan M. , Rathmacher John A. , Baier Shawn M. , Fuller John C. , Shelley Mack C. , Jäger Ralf , Purpura Martin , Wilson Stephanie M.C. , Wilson Jacob M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Lowery, RP, Joy, JM, Rathmacher, JA, Baier, SM, Fuller, JC Jr, Shelley, MC II, Jäger, R, Purpura, M, Wilson, SMC, and Wilson, JM. Interaction of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate free acid and adenosine triphosphate on muscle mass, strength, and power in resistance trained individuals. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1843–1854, 2016—Adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) supplementation helps maintain performance under high fatiguing contractions and with greater fatigue recovery demands also increase. Current evidence suggests that the free acid form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB-FA) acts by speeding regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle after high-intensity or prolonged exercise. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 12 weeks of HMB-FA (3 g) and ATP (400 mg) administration on lean body mass (LBM), strength, and power in trained individuals. A 3-phase double-blind, placebo-, and diet-controlled study was conducted. Phases consisted of an 8-week periodized resistance training program (phase 1), followed by a 2-week overreaching cycle (phase 2), and a 2-week taper (phase 3). Lean body mass was increased by a combination of HMB-FA/ATP by 12.7% (p < 0.001). In a similar fashion, strength gains after training were increased in HMB-FA/ATP-supplemented subjects by 23.5% (p < 0.001). Vertical jump and Wingate power were increased in the HMB-FA/ATP-supplemented group compared with the placebo-supplemented group, and the 12-week increases were 21.5 and 23.7%, respectively. During the overreaching cycle, strength and power declined in the placebo group (4.3–5.7%), whereas supplementation with HMB-FA/ATP resulted in continued strength gains (1.3%). In conclusion, HMB-FA and ATP in combination with resistance exercise training enhanced LBM, power, and strength. In addition, HMB-FA plus ATP blunted the typical response to overreaching, resulting in a further increase in strength during that period. It seems that the combination of HMB-FA/ATP could benefit those who continuously train at high levels such as elite athletes or military personnel.
Maternal Obesity and Infant Mortality: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Meehan Sean , Beck Charles R. , Mair-Jenkins John , Leonardi-Bee Jo , Puleston Richard 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Despite numerous studies reporting an elevated risk of infant mortality among women who are obese, the magnitude of the association is unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to assess the association between maternal overweight or obesity and infant mortality.

METHODS:
Four health care databases and gray literature sources were searched and screened against the protocol eligibility criteria. Observational studies reporting on the relationship between maternal overweight and obesity and infant mortality were included. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments were performed.

RESULTS:
Twenty-four records were included from 783 screened. Obese mothers (BMI ≥30) had greater odds of having an infant death (odds ratio 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.24–1.63; P &lt; .001; 11 studies); these odds were greatest for the most obese (BMI &gt;35) (odds ratio 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.61–2.56; P &lt; .001; 3 studies).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results suggest that the odds of having an infant death are greater for obese mothers and that this risk may increase with greater maternal BMI or weight; however, residual confounding may explain these findings. Given the rising prevalence of maternal obesity, additional high-quality epidemiologic studies to elucidate the actual influence of elevated maternal mass or weight on infant mortality are needed. If a causal link is determined and the biological basis explained, public health strategies to address the issue of maternal obesity will be needed.
Motor Vehicle-Pedestrian Collisions and Walking to School: The Role of the Built Environment
Authors: Rothman Linda , Macarthur Colin , To Teresa , Buliung Ron , Howard Andrew 
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVES:Initiatives to increase active school transportation are popular. However, increased walking to school could increase collision risk. The built environment is related to both pedestrian collision risk and walking to school. We examined the influence of the built environment on walking to school and child pedestrian collisions in Toronto, Canada.METHODS:Police-reported pedestrian collision data from 2002 to 2011 for children ages 4 to 12, proportion of children walking to school, and built environment data were mapped onto school attendance boundaries. Collision rates were calculated by using 2006 census populations and modeled by using negative binomial regression.RESULTS:There were 481 collisions with a mean collision rate of 7.4/10 000 children per year. The relationship between walking proportion and collision rate was not statistically significant after adjusting for population density and roadway design variables including multifamily dwelling density, traffic light, traffic calming and 1-way street density, school crossing guard presence, and school socioeconomic status.CONCLUSIONS:Pedestrian collisions are more strongly associated with built environment features than with proportions walking. Road design features were related to higher collision rates and warrant further examination for their safety effects for children. Future policy designed to increase children’s active transportation should be developed from evidence that more clearly addresses child pedestrian safety.