bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of no-carrier-added 135La at an 18 MeV cyclotron and its purification for investigations at a concentration range down to 10−15 mol/L
Authors: Mansel Alexander , Franke Karsten 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The production of non-commercially available 135La by proton irradiation of an isotopically enriched [135Ba]BaCO3 target at a cyclotron is described. The purification of the radionuclide was performed by a La-selective resin. 135La was separated in no-carrier-added (n.c.a) form in a nitric acid solution with a radiochemical yield of 83 ± 5% and a total activity per batch of 43 ± 3 MBq. The enriched [135Ba]Ba was recycled to the carbonate form with a recovery of 90 ± 3%. On the basis of a detection limit of 1 Bq/mL, solutions of n.c.a. 135La could be measured down to the 10
–15 mol/L concentration range.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 13 patients with locally advanced poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma based on Turin proposal - a single institution experience
Authors: Besic Nikola , Dremelj Marta , Schwartzbartl-Pevec Andreja , Gazic Barbara 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background. There is a paradigm that chemotherapy is ineffective in thyroid carcinoma. The aim of our study was to find out whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy before thyroid surgery had an effect on the size of primary tumour in patients with poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) based on Turin proposal.

Patients and methods. Altogether, 13 patients (8 women, 5 men; median age 61 years) with PDTC based on Turin proposal were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 1986 and 2005. Tumour diameter was from 4.5 to 18 cm (median 9 cm). Regional and distant metastases were detected in 6 and 9 patients, respectively. Eight patients had pT4 tumour.

Results. Altogether, 29 (range 1–5) cycles of chemotherapy were given. Tumour diameter decreased in all the patients and by more than 30% in 5 patients (= 38%). Two of these five patients had also preoperative external beam irradiation (EBRT). Total thyroidectomy, lobectomy and neck dissection were performed in 10, 3 and 5 cases, respectively. R0 and R1 resection was done in 5 and 8 cases, respectively. Eight patients had postoperative EBRT of the neck and upper mediastinum. The 5-year and 10-year cause-specific survival rates of patients were 66% and 20%, respectively.

Conclusions. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy a partial tumour regression was observed in 38% of patients with PDTC based on Turin proposal.
Impact of tumour volume on prediction of progression-free survival in sinonasal cancer
Authors: Hennersdorf Florian , Mauz Paul-Stefan , Adam Patrick , Welz Stefan , Sievert Anne , Ernemann Ulrike , Bisdas Sotirios 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background. The present study aimed to analyse potential prognostic factors, with emphasis on tumour volume, in determining progression free survival (PFS) for malignancies of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses.

Patients and methods. Retrospective analysis of 106 patients with primary sinonasal malignancies treated and followed-up between March 2006 and October 2012. Possible predictive parameters for PFS were entered into univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis included age, sex, baseline tumour volume (based on MR imaging), histology type, TNM stage and prognostic groups according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis concerning the predictive value of tumour volume for recurrence was also conducted.

Results. The main histological subgroup consisted of epithelial tumours (77%). The majority of the patients (68%) showed advanced tumour burden (AJCC stage III-IV). Lymph node involvement was present in 18 cases. The mean tumour volume was 26.6 ± 21.2 cm3. The median PFS for all patients was 24.9 months (range: 2.5–84.5 months). The ROC curve analysis for the tumour volume showed 58.1% sensitivity and 75.4% specificity for predicting recurrence. Tumour volume, AJCC staging, T- and N-stage were significant predictors in the univariate analysis. Positive lymph node status and tumour volume remained significant and independent predictors in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusions. Radiological tumour volume proofed to be a statistically reliable predictor of PFS. In the multivariate analysis, T-, N- and overall AJCC staging did not show significant prognostic value.
Gamma-enolase: a well-known tumour marker, with a less-known role in cancer
Authors: Vizin Tjasa , Kos Janko 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background. Gamma-enolase, known also as neuron-specific enolase (NSE), is an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, which is expressed predominantly in neurons and cells of the neuroendocrine system. As a tumour marker it is used in diagnosis and prognosis of cancer; however, the mechanisms enrolling it in malignant progression remain elusive. As a cytoplasmic enzyme gamma-enolase is involved in increased aerobic glycolysis, the main source of energy in cancer cells, supporting cell proliferation. However, different cellular localisation at pathophysiological conditions, proposes other cellular engagements.

Conclusions. The C-terminal part of the molecule, which is not related to glycolytic pathway, was shown to promote survival of neuronal cells by regulating neuronal growth factor receptor dependent signalling pathways, resulting also in extensive actin cytoskeleton remodelling. This additional function could be important also in cancer cells either to protect cells from stressful conditions and therapeutic agents or to promote tumour cell migration and invasion. Gamma-enolase might therefore have a multifunctional role in cancer progression: it supports increased tumour cell metabolic demands, protects tumour cells from stressful conditions and promotes their invasion and migration.
Drug delivery and innovative pharmaceutical development in mimicking the red blood cell membrane
Authors: Naeem Sumaira , Kiew Lik Voon , Yong Chung Lip , Yin Yin Teo , Misran Misni Bin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCirculation half-life has become one of the major design considerations in nanoparticle drug delivery systems. By taking cues for designing long circulating carriers from natural entities such as red blood cells (RBCs) has been explored for many years. Among all the cellular carriers including leukocytes, fibroblasts, islets, and hepatocytes, RBCs offer several distinctive features. The present review underlines a discussion on the applications of different RBC carriers (RBC mimics) which can evade the body’s reticuloendothelial system overcoming many barriers such as size, shape, accelerated blood clearance, mechanical properties, control over particle characteristics, and surface chemistry. Bilayer membrane liposomes infusing phospholipids have long been synthesized to mimic bioconcave RBC carriers using the notion of stealth liposomes. This is not a comprehensive review; some illustrative examples are given on how they are currently obtained. A special attention is devoted to the RBC mimics from polymers, red cell membrane ghosts, and the red cell membrane enclosing polymeric cores as potential drug carriers. The present research reveals the achievement of RBC surface charge to accord with the immune system as a game of hide and seek in a much promising way in the light of its pharmaceutical applications.
Stakeholders in Equity-Based Crowdfunding: Respective Risks Over the Equity Crowdfunding Lifecycle
Authors: Son Turan Semen 
Published: August 2015

Objective. The purpose of this paper is to present a thorough research on the risk categories and specific risk factors that each immediate stakeholder faces over the equity crowdfunding lifecycle.Methodology. This study employs an exploratory approach, supported by current data to understand the global equity crowdfunding setting and the stakes for major players.Findings. Findings show that, although equity crowdfunding, can be a unique opportunity especially for underdeveloped countries and SMEs who have difficulty obtaining funding elsewhere, is also a potential peril for those who ignore or underestimate the overall and stand-alone risks that come along with each stage of the process. The findings have implications for all ventures seeking alternative financing venues, investors and equity crowdsourcing platforms. Furthermore, they pinpoint potential areas of further investigation for researchers and policy makers.Originality/Value. This study differentiates itself from the limited number of papers on equity crowdfunding, as a newly developing field of academic research, in that it underscores financial, regulatory, operational, reputational and strategic risks from several perspectives and offers recommendations on how these risks can be addressed.
Estimating the produced power by photovoltaic installations in shaded environments
Authors: Ramos-Paja Carlos Andrés , Saavedra-Montes Andrés Julián , Trejos Luz Adriana 
Published: August 2015

<p>A model to improve the estimation of the power and energy from photovoltaic installations under dynamic shading conditions is proposed in this paper. The model considers the shaded profile in each photovoltaic module and the temperature profile to update the model parameters of each photovoltaic module. The impact of dynamic shades on the power production is analyzed, illustrating the large errors introduced by classical prediction approaches, which consider non-shading at all or average shading. Moreover, a procedure to model the shades profile in any environment is described and illustrated. Finally, experimental irradiance and environment temperature profiles are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed model in contrast with the classical approaches. The results illustrate that the classical approaches overestimate the power produced by the photovoltaic array, in contrast with the power produced by the proposed model.</p>
Generalities about Design and Operation of Microgrids
Authors: Rey-López Juan Manuel , Vergara-Barrios Pedro Pablo , Osma-Pinto Germán Alfonso , Ordóñez-Plata Gabriel 
Published: August 2015

<p>The need of new generation systems have motivated the development of microgrids. This new concept may bring significant benefits to the transmission and distribution networks as losses reduction, high degree of efficiency and reliability. This paper presents generalities about microgrids, including general structure and different topologies; also it is proposed an original methodology for facilitating its design and evaluation. Finally, it's analyzed the microgrid located at the <em>Parque Tecnológíco de Guatiguará</em> at the <em>Universidad Industrial de Santander</em>, included an operation analysis for different operations stages of loads and generation, the performance of operation of storage systems, the interaction with the grid and an energy balance for all the system.</p>
Alimentación penitenciaria: entre higiene y derechos
Authors: Bejarano Roncancio Jhon Jairo 
Published: August 2015

<p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>La Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH) y el Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja (CICR) recomiendan las condiciones en las cuales debe desarrollarse la detención de las personas privadas de la libertad, incluyendo las referidas al suministro de alimentación, permitiendo que sobre esa base se constituyan las normas, procesos y procedimientos en los Establecimientos de Reclusión del Orden Nacional (ERON). En Colombia, y en muchos otros países, estos escenarios de producción de alimentación resultan insuficientes; entre las variables a considerar se encuentran la infraestructura física, el tipo de contratación, los hábitos alimentarios regionales por la procedencia heterogénea de la población interna y muchas veces sus preferencias, las patologías crónicas que se manejan, la seguridad en el ingreso de materias primas y el suministro de la alimentación al interior de los ERON. Es importante mencionar que cualquier brote de enfermedad trasmitida por alimentos (ETA) puede desencadenar una epidemia que se complica aún más por la situación de reclusión. Otras dificultades son la comercialización no permitida, el ingreso de alimentos y la conservación de estos en las celdas, lo cual puede ocasionar la pérdida de calidad higiénico-sanitaria y pone en peligro la salud de esta población.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Palabras clave: </strong>Alimentación colectiva; Derechos humanos; Prisiones; Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos (DeCS).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Summary</strong></p><p>The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) recommend the conditions under which the detention of persons deprived of liberty must be developed, including those relating to food supply. This establishes the basis for the standards, processes and procedures in National Order Detention Facilities (ERON, in its Spanish acronym). In Colombia, and in many other countries, these scenarios of food production are insufficient; among the variables to consider are the physical infrastructure, contract types, regional food habits due to the heterogeneous origin of the inmate population and often their preferences, chronic pathologies that are handled, the security for raw materials entrance and food supply within the ERON. It is noteworthy that any outbreak of foodborne disease (FBD) can trigger an epidemic that is further complicated by the situation in prison. Other difficulties are non-permitted marketing, food entrance and its conservation in the cells, which can produce loss of sanitary quality and endanger the health of this population.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Collective feeding; Human rights; Prisons; Foodborne diseases (MeSH).</p>
Intoxicación letal con Aldicarb: Análisis de sangre postmortem mediante LC-ESI-MS/MS
Authors: Mariño Gaviria Diana Jazmín , Patiño Reyes Nancy 
Published: August 2015

<p>El Aldicarb es un plaguicida carbamato de alta toxicidad asociado a intoxicaciones agudas fatales en Colombia. El presente estudio describe un método analítico para la determinación cuantitativa de aldicarb en sangre postmortem. Básicamente el método consiste en una precipitación de proteínas de la sangre para luego ser analizada por LC-ESI-MS/MS utilizando el aldicarb-d<sub>3</sub> como estándar interno. El método desarrollado en este trabajo fue aplicado a siete casos de intoxicación letal presuntamente con este plaguicida. El aldicarb se encontró en sangre en niveles desde 0,10 y 2,5 µg/mL. De los resultados obtenidos no sólo se expone la utilidad de emplear LC-ESI-MS/MS en el análisis de aldicarb en sangre para su aplicación en toxicología forense con el propósito de contribuir a la búsqueda de la causa de muerte, sino que además evidencia el empleo de este plaguicida en actos suicidas. <strong></strong></p>
SALUD MENTAL EN TIEMPOS DE GUERRA: Una Reflexión sobre la Relación Conflicto Armado – Salud Mental en el Pueblo Indígena Emberá en Situación de Desplazamiento Forzado, Bogotá 2012 – 2014
Authors: Ruiz Eslava Luisa Fernanda 
Published: August 2015

<p align="center"><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Antecedentes:</strong> El proyecto de investigación, busco realizar un acercamiento a la relación conflicto armado – salud mental, tomando como marco de comprensión el punto de vista del pueblo Emberá, la medicina social latinoamericana, el sujeto como protagonista de la vida relacional – colectiva, y la salud mental positiva.</p><p><strong>Objetivo:</strong> Comprender la naturaleza de la relación conflicto armado – salud mental en el pueblo indígena Emberá en situación de desplazamiento forzado en la ciudad de Bogotá.</p><p><strong>Materiales y Métodos: </strong>La investigación se desarrolló desde un método cualitativo empleando técnicas mixtas, basado en una fundamentación epistemológica desde el pensamiento complejo y la hermenéutica interpretativa.</p><p><strong>Resultados:</strong> Comprender el conflicto armado como un mecanismo que fuerza a la población indígena Emberá a desplazarse a escenarios desconocidos y violentos los cuales afectan en conjunto el <em>Sentirse Bien</em> y el <em>Buen Vivir</em>, además de sus condiciones y calidad de vida.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusiones:</strong> Entre las consecuencias más atroces de la guerra se encuentra la pérdida, la transformación y desestructuración de la cultura indígena Emberá. Por esta razón, es necesario implementar estrategias que permitan fortalecer la identidad cultural, la educación tradicional, las redes de apoyo, los factores solidarios y la memoria colectiva.</p><p> </p>
Association of Depression and Stress in Acute Myocardial Infarction: a case-control study
Authors: Goldfeld Patricia RM , Soares Luciana S. , Manfroi Waldomiro C. 
Published: August 2015

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychosocial factors have been reported to be independently associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the stress variable is still sub detailed and there are few studies that used coronary angiography (CA) to assess CAD.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare levels of depression, stress and stressful life events in three groups of individuals: post-MI (Myocardial Infarction) patients; patients presenting symptoms and no previous MI, who underwent cardiac catheterization and had non-significant obstructive CAD and individuals with no symptoms of cardiac disease or others diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a case-control study, with two cases groups and one control group. The study included 105 patients with recent Myocardial Infarction (MI group), 101 patients with cardiac symptoms and normal CA (CS group), and 100 patients without symptoms of disease (NS group). Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess, stress and vital events, with an Odds Ratio of 95% confidence interval (CI), controlling for age, sex, education level, income, social support group, Body Mass Index (BMI), sedentary lifestyle and family history of MI or sudden death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MI patients group showed depression with an OR= 4.47(95% CI, 2:36 to 8:46, p&lt;.001), and stress OR= 5.37(95%CI, 2.94-9.78, p &lt;.001) whereas CS group showed depression: OR= 6.95(95%CI, 3.64-13.28, p &lt;.001) and stress: OR = 9.18 (95%CI, 4.73-17.82, p &lt;.001) compared to patients without symptoms. After adjusting for risk factors: age, sex, education, income, social support, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, family history of MI or sudden death, the OR showed the following variation: in the MI group, depression OR= 2.51 (95%CI, 1:05 to 5:98, p = .038), stress, OR= 8.76(95%CI, 3:48 to 22:01, p &lt;.001), and CS group, depression OR= 3.25(95%CI, 1.40-7.55,p &lt;01) and stress OR= 12.24 (95%, CI, 4.81-31.14, p &lt;.001). The raised effect of variable stress after adjustment was promoted by the age, sex and physical inactivity variables, and did not affect the significance level (p &lt;.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study has demonstrated that subjects with cardiac symptoms without overt CAD, present similar depression and/or stress levels than post-MI patients. And also, post-MI patients and CS patients have more stress and depression than controls, even when adjusted for age, sex, education level, family income, social support, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and family history of MI and / or sudden death.</p>
Investigación en salud para la paz de Colombia: ¿estudiar la noviolencia o la violencia?
Authors: Urrego Mendoza Zulma Consuelo , Escobar Córdoba Franklin 
Published: August 2015

<p>Los acuerdos de paz de La Habana se encuentran en curso desde hace varios meses, y han generado gran expectativa en la población colombiana. En este escenario, resulta importante reflexionar cuál ha de ser el foco de construcción de conocimiento desde nuestras profesiones que pueda contribuir de la mejor forma para lograr un escenario futuro en el que podamos vivir en paz, con dignidad y justicia social, y en el que se impida la reactivación de nuevos ciclos de violencia masiva por la vía de haberse superado sus determinantes profundos.</p>
Graphene Quantum dots for Biophotonic Applications
Authors: Tilwani Aneshkumar , Bell Hildegarde , Alvarez Jose , Naqshbandi Belqais , Erogbogbo Folarin 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTGraphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) are of interest to the biomedical community due to their unique fluorescence properties, which may be advantageous for biology and medicine. Advantages of this graphene nanomaterial over fluorescent dyes for biomedical imaging include bright emission, easy surface modification, biocompatibility, and anticipated low toxicity. We hypothesize that GQDs with desirable fluorescence properties which can be used for effective biomedical imaging (such as near infrared emission) may be synthesized from cheap carbon sources. Here, we show that these fluorescent GQDs are fabricated in a facile wet chemistry route using activated charcoal as the starting material. The GQDs were characterized with AFM, TEM, FTIR, PL spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and animal imaging techniques. The particles were visible in animals indicating their potential for biomedical imaging. The GQDs exhibited excitation that spanned the UV and visible ranges and emission that spanned the visible and near infrared ranges. The GQDs were an average of 4 nm in height, crystalline, from 1 to 60 nm in size. The GQDs were consistent with the presence of graphene and the following functional groups: C-O, C-H, C=C, and CO2H. In conclusion, GQDs with favorable photophysical properties can be produced from affordable and widely available raw materials for imaging and other biomedical application purposes.
Precipitation of high-quality multilayer-graphene using Al2O3 barrier and Au cap layers
Authors: Yamada Jumpei , Suzuki Manabu , Ueda Yuki , Maruyama Takahiro , Naritsuka Shigeya 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe mechanism for the precipitation of multilayer graphene was investigated with respect to the use of an Al2O3 barrier layer and Au capping layer. The Al2O3 barrier layer suppresses the dissolution of carbon into the catalyst, especially at low temperature, and assists a decrease in the density of graphene nuclei. On the other hand, the Au capping layer is beneficial to weaken the strong binding between the catalyst and the graphene carbon atoms, and enhances the surface migration of precipitated carbon adatoms. A combination of the Al2O3 barrier layer and Au capping layer is useful for the synthesis of high-quality graphene with large grains. On a sample with both layers annealed for 60 min, the area of 5-layer graphene islands is as large as 10 μm, and covers 60% of the entire surface. The Raman D/G band intensity ratio of 0.024 indicates the precipitated graphene is high quality.