bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re‐investigating the nature of tangibility/intangibility and its influence on consumer experiences
Authors: Hellén Katarina , Gummerus Johanna 
Published: April 2013

PurposeService scholars have questioned the usefulness of the concept of tangibility/intangibility as a characteristic of services for two reasons: first, it is ambiguous and does not differentiate between services and goods; and second, because all offerings, despite their characteristics, render service to customers. Consequently, scholars have suggested discarding the concept altogether. The purpose of this paper is to subject the concept to critical evaluation and argue that tangibility/intangibility is useful, because it influences consumers' experiences with offerings. In this paper, the authors argue that it is necessary to re‐conceptualise tangibility/intangibility to overcome the previous critique.Design/methodology/approachThe authors draw upon empirical research from the service marketing and psychology literature in order to advance knowledge on the nature of tangibility/intangibility and its influence on the formation of consumer experiences.FindingsIt is proposed that tangibility/intangibility should be investigated from a consumer perspective, rather than an inherent characteristic in offerings. Also, it is shown that the concept is relevant for understanding consumer experience formation at different stages of the purchase process.Originality/valueThe paper provides propositions on the conceptualization of tangibility/intangibility and its relationship with pre‐, ongoing use and post‐purchase consumer experiences. The authors call for caution in dismissing tangibility/intangibility as a concept in the service marketing literature.
A Maslow's hierarchy of needs analysis of social networking services continuance
Authors: Cao Huanhuan , Jiang Jinhu , Oh Lih‐Bin , Li Hao , Liao Xiuwu , Chen Zhiwu 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to extend the expectation‐confirmation model of information systems continuance (ECM‐IS) to analyze users' continuance intention of social networking services (SNSs).Design/methodology/approachA survey is conducted on 202 users of social networking services in China.FindingsFulfillment of self‐actualization needs has a significant impact on continuance intention; however, the direct impact of fulfillment of social needs on continuance intention is not significant but fully mediated by satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe first limitation is that the participants in the sample are undergraduates. Second, this study has used cross‐sectional survey data to empirically test the model. Third, the survey is conducted in a single country.Practical implicationsThe results of this paper provide several marketing implications to better manage SNSs. First, SNS managers should enhance instant communication functions, develop a platform that is convenient for users to express themselves and provide more entertainment functions. Second, SNS managers should focus on users' expectations and experiences about website functions and adjust or update website functions accordingly.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the research on continuance intention of social networking services from the perspective of Maslow's hierarchy of needs to capture motivations of continuance intention. The authors believe their conceptualizations of fulfillment of self‐actualization needs and fulfillment of social needs, as well as their substantial findings, would be useful to researchers and practitioners alike to better study and manage continuance intention of socially‐oriented online services.
Recognizing employees: reification, dignity and promoting care in management
Authors: Islam Gazi 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to develop the idea of recognition in organizations, arguing that recognition is a fundamental building block of workplace dignity, and a key element of cultural respect in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachAs a conceptual paper, the current work approaches discussions of human resource management through the lens of recognition theory, applying ideas of recognition and reification to workplace issues.FindingsWorkplace reification can be observed in diverse areas of human resource management, reflecting a “human capital” view of employees. The paper traces this view in terms of measurement and incentives, as well as individual and group diversity within the workplace.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature on care in human resources by briding ideas from management and critical social theory, contributing to the former by couching workplace dignity in terms of social theoretic foundations of recognition, and contributing to the latter by showing how the workplace can form an important site for recognition.
Human resource performance metrics: methods and processes that demonstrate you care
Authors: Boyd Neil , Gessner Brooke 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of the present analysis is to show that HR systems are not always designed in ways that consider the well‐being of employees. In particular, performance metric methods seem to be designed with organizational goals in mind while focusing less on what employees need and desire.Design/methodology/approachA literature review and multiple case‐study method was utilized.FindingsThe analysis showed that performance metrics should be revaluated by executives and HR professionals if they seek to develop socially responsible organizational cultures which care about the well‐being of employees.Originality/valueThe paper exposes the fact that performance appraisal techniques can be rooted in methodologies that ignore or deemphasize the value of employee well‐being. The analysis provides a context in which all HR practices can be questioned in relation to meeting the standards of a social justice agenda in the area of corporate social responsibility.
Transcending transmission
Authors: Schoeneborn Dennis , Trittin Hannah 
Published: April 2013

PurposeExtant research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication primarily relies on a transmission model of communication that treats organizations and communication as distinct phenomena. This approach has been criticized for neglecting the formative role of communication in the emergence of organizations. This paper seeks to propose to reconceptualize CSR communication by drawing on the “communication constitutes organizations” (CCO) perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper that explores the implications of switching from an instrumental to a constitutive notion of communication.FindingsThe study brings forth four main findings: from the CCO view, organizations are constituted by several, partly dissonant, and potentially contradictory communicative practices. From that viewpoint, the potential impact of CSR communication becomes a matter of connectivity of CSR to other practices of organizational communication. Communication practices that concern CSR should not be generally dismissed as mere “greenwashing” – given that some forms of talk can be action. Consequently, there is a need to investigate which specific speech acts create accountability and commitment in the context of CSR. The CCO view shows that CSR communication potentially extends the boundary of the organization through the involvement of third parties. Thus, it is fruitful to study CSR communication as a set of practices that aims at boundary maintenance and extension. Organizations are stabilized by various non‐human entities that “act” on their behalf. Accordingly, CSR communication should also take into account non‐human agency and responsibility.Originality/valueThis paper links the literature on CSR communication to broader debates in organizational communication studies and, in particular, to the CCO perspective. By applying the CCO view, it reconceptualizes CSR communication as a complex process of meaning negotiation.
Ionic contaminations level and cleaning flip chip BGA package via a new cleaning solvent technology
Authors: Boon Kar Yap , Azrina Talik Noor , Sauli Zaliman , Chee Seng Foong , Chou Yong Tan , Retnasamy Vithyacharan 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss the effects of ionic contaminations on the die surface of high lead flip chip ball grid array (FCBGA) package. Ionic contaminations from the flux residue, formed during the die attachment process, could affect the package long‐term performance.Design/methodology/approachThus, the flux‐cleaning process was implemented and the cleanliness effect was evaluated. Cleaning experiments using a new water‐based solvent were carried out to investigate the flux‐cleaning efficiency. The test packages were then evaluated via ion chromatography (IC).FindingsIon chromatograms show that there are high levels of ionic elements detected prior to the cleaning process. After the cleaning process, the contamination levels reduced significantly.Originality/valueThe value of the work here is testing of the new environmental friendly water‐based MPC® cleaning efficiency. The reduction of ionic contamination is thus reported.
Engineering innovative mobile data services
Authors: Al‐Debei Mutaz M. , Al‐Lozi Enas , Fitzgerald Guy 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe aim of this study is to analytically develop a reference model for engineering (i.e. analysis, design, development, evaluation, delivery, maintenance, modification, and management) powerful value networks capable of creating innovative mobile data services.Design/methodology/approachThe paradigm followed is that of design‐science research (DSR) which incorporates two main iterative processes: build and evaluate. For building the model (i.e. the design science artifact in this research), the authors followed three iterations: literature review analysis; semi‐structured interviews analyzed through content analysis; and examination of real‐life case studies. But for evaluating the model, the authors utilized the NTT DoCoMo's i‐mode case.FindingsThis paper puts forward a novel model for engineering value networks of mobile innovations. This model is composed of seven design constructs and their relationships. The developed model is argued to provide significant utility for telecoms in helping them to identify and design powerful value networks following a systematic and practical approach.Research limitations/implicationsThe data sources is somewhat limited and the sample is somewhat small which may result in lack of sufficient statistical power. Moreover, the analysis may have overlooked some important concepts and theories related to innovations and value networks.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the current body of knowledge about how telecoms can best analyze and design their value networks in an approach that maximizes the potential of developing innovative mobile data services.
A co‐creation platform for post‐occupancy decision support
Authors: Piroozfar Poorang , Adeyeye Kemi , Rosenkind Micah , Winstanley Graham 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on partial findings of a research project on post‐occupancy design in school projects. It provides a brief review of key factors, and major players in post‐occupancy processes.Design/methodology/approachSubsequent to literature review for the research, the primary data was obtained from a steering group (stakeholder forum) comprising of a sample of primary and secondary school representatives, local authorities and building professionals. Following the data collection, visits were arranged to the selected schools, and local councils and semi‐structured interviews with school and council authorities were carried out. At the same time, research meeting and directed studies were held to best explore the applications for devising the toolkit. Simulated and real cases for making decisions in post‐occupancy design were selected to devise a model‐base to test out the applicability of the devised prototype of the toolkit.FindingsThis study provided clarification on the post‐occupancy performance and practicable expectations of major parties in school projects with special reference to the development stage of the proposed toolkit. The qualitative and quantitative data collected, confirmed that a real‐time updateable support system for decisions is required for making the most reasonable decisions where multi‐criteria/multi‐agent decision is inevitable. The principles of co‐creation of knowledge and value, as suggested in manufacture and service industries, were investigated to inform the underlying design platform for the toolkit. The decision support systems for multi‐criteria decision making processes were also established so that the toolkit can take a full account of the achievements in this area.Originality/valueThe paper highlights the complexities involved in the post‐occupancy decision processes in school projects. Also, the pressing need for a system to assist in streamlining the information flow (particularly upwards, from the schools to the LA) and management of knowledge to facilitate design decisions is identified. The decision processes need to be more integrated, collaborative and inclusive. It also acknowledges that decision making in post‐occupancy processes, is an evolving process. The main contribution of this paper however, remains to be how the collaborative processes were streamlined for all the stakeholders to work together and co‐create knowledge and value to devise a platform.
Changing values in the modern public sector: the need for value‐based leadership
Authors: Busch Tor , Wennes Grete 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe past 30 years have been a period marked by extensive modernisation programmes in the public sector. Principles taken from the New Public Management agenda have been adopted, and market solutions have been implemented across a broad range of service areas. These reforms have challenged the existing organisational culture of many public sector institutions. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether there has been a detectable change in the dominant values found in professional organisations within the public sector over the past decade, and if so, what challenges the leaders are faced with as a result of these changes.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical data are based on a quantitative survey of leaders in a large Norwegian municipality with a total population of 189 such leaders. Of these, 155 returned the questionnaires, giving a response rate of 82 per cent.FindingsThe results of the study show that two central values connected to the New Public Management agenda have gained increased importance over recent years – namely “meeting the needs of individual users”, and “renewal/innovation”. Of the listed values perceived as having become more important, these were ranked as the top two. At the same time, values traditionally associated with the public ethos continue to enjoy a strong position, whereas purely economic values remain relatively insignificant.Research limitations/implicationsAll in all, this study shows that the landscape of values in the public sector is changing, and there are strong indications that traditional values have come under pressure from new values embedded in the on‐going institutional reforms.Originality/valueThe paper shows that in a situation where values are changing, leaders may need to put greater emphasis on value‐based leadership.
Leaders, critical friends, and the education community
Authors: Taylor Rosemarye T. , Storey Valerie A. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeProfessional practice doctorate programs’ purpose is to prepare practitioners in the industry to lead and solve current and future complex problems with the application of research. The authors aim to argue that leadership, critical friends, and engagement of the education community together have the potential to assist in enhancing professional practice doctorate graduates’ outcomes.Design/methodology/approachFrom three case studies of redesign and implementations of Ed. D. programs associated with the Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate, the authors discuss how distributed leadership and implementation of contemporary motivational concepts within a university empowers and incentivizes faculty to develop and enhance effectiveness of professional practice doctorates.FindingsThe concept of critical friends, those who are not invested in a specific situation, can provide objective and fresh insight and is applied as a reform strategy. Engaging the industry, that is, the education community, to further in‐context experiences for both faculty and graduate students provides not only venues for research and continual updates in the field, but also access to data, participants, and information needed for both doctoral dissertations in practice, but also faculty research. The authors conclude that the three concepts support enhancement of effectiveness of professional practice doctorate programs and accountability for graduates’ impact in the workplace.Originality/valueThe authors’ analyses of two professional doctorate programs generated three themes as important contributors to the (re)design, implementation, and evaluation of the Ed.D.: leaders, critical friends, and the education community. By considering the roles of leaders, critical friends, and the education, a conceptual model can be developed to support success.
Managing team performance: saying and paying
Authors: Rowland Caroline 
Published: April 2013

PurposeIn a turbulent economic climate, characterised by pressures to improve productivity and reduce costs, performance management has a more central role in helping to ensure competitive advantage. A focus on teamwork has become an almost universal feature of performance management in modern organizations. It is essential that messages concerning teamwork and rewards are clear and seen to be fair if they are to bring about commitment to discretionary effort, which is increasingly a key feature in gaining competitive advantage. The purpose of this paper is to focus on whether employee perceptions of the fairness of performance management systems have an impact on the effectiveness of team performance and discretionary effort.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses the concepts of equity and motivation to explore the outcomes, procedures and implementation of teamwork in contemporary organizations. It draws on a range of theoretical frameworks from both philosophy and social science, examines current practices and experiences and considers future trends. Empirical research includes a ten‐year study of practising managers and also ethnography, questionnaires and interviews in two large manufacturing and service organizations.FindingsInvestigations show that the espoused theory of organizations concerning the need for teamwork is often at odds with their theory in use. This frequently creates both actual and perceived injustice in organizations and a tension between managing performance and encouraging engagement, which is dependent on perceptions of fairness.Practical implicationsThe paper shows that organizations are sending out mixed messages that are causing tensions which may affect productivity.Originality/valueThis research opens a debate that seeks to assess the contribution of teamwork to the achievement of an organization's goals and how this may be applied in the practice of performance management.
Evidence‐based HRM: a scholarship perspective with a difference
Authors: Lange Thomas 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to the new journal, its inspirations, scope and ambitions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews selected strands of the literature on evidence‐based scholarship and discusses some of the observations and remedial recommendations made in the literature to bring research, policy and practice closer together.FindingsDrawing on these observations and recommendations, the paper highlights the roles our authors and their published works can play when contributing to an evidence‐based HR research agenda. Building on these insights, the paper arrives at the journal's editorial vision and encourages the production of scholarly empirical research articles that have a high impact on the HR field as a whole. Embracing the richness of contributions from multiple disciplines and supporting a thematic diversity in the international HR arena, the paper introduces and explains the core principlesEBHRMstrives to encourage and promote: empirical robustness, analytical rigourandpractical significance.Originality/valueIn the spirit of these arguments, the paper makes the case for taking on the challenge of moving scholarship, policy and practice closer together and introduces the first contributions.
The bonus as hygiene factor: the role of reward systems in the high performance organization
Authors: de Waal André , Jansen Paul 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe ongoing debate about the effects of bonuses on managers’ performance and the role of reward systems in organizations has still not led to a unanimous conclusion among academics and practitioners. Those in favor of bonuses state that applying bonuses and putting emphasis on monetary rewards increases productivity and organizational performance, while those against bonuses claim that use of bonuses and monetary rewards leads to counterproductive results. A key question often overlooked in the discussion is: How important is handing out bonuses for an organization to become and stay successful for a longer period of time? This paper seeks to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes the results of research into the characteristics of “high performance organizations” (HPOs) and the role of bonuses and reward systems in creating and maintaining HPOs.FindingsThe research results show that use of bonuses or implementation of certain types of reward systems have neither a positive nor a negative effect on organizational performance. This may be explained by the fact that reward systems are a hygiene factor for an organization. If an organization does not have an appropriate reward system (whether or not including bonuses), it will run into trouble with its employees and have difficulty improving its performance. If it does – a situation which employees expect and consider to be normal – it can start working on becoming an HPO.Originality/valueThe results of this study further the discussion about the role of bonuses.
Evolutionary adaptation in three‐way interactions between plants, microbes and arthropods
Authors: Biere Arjen , Tack Ayco J. M. 
Published: April 2013

Summary

Evolutionary adaptations in interactions between plants, microbes and arthropods are generally studied in interactions that involve only two of these groups, that is, plants and microbes, plants and arthropods or arthropods and microbes.

We review the accumulating evidence from a wide variety of systems, including plant‐ and arthropod‐associated microbes, and symbionts as well as antagonists, that selection and adaptation in seemingly two‐way interactions between plants and microbes, plants and arthropods and arthropods and microbes are often driven by the biotic context of a third partner.

We extend the concept of local adaptation from two‐way interactions to scenarios for three‐way interactions. We show that consumers can locally adapt to specific host phenotypes that are induced by a third species with which they do not directly interact. This emphasizes that indirect interactions have not only ecological but also important evolutionary consequences, and stresses the need to conduct studies of local adaptation in the proper ecological context of the species involved.

Overall, our review underlines the importance of three‐way interactions in the evolution of plant–microbe, plant–arthropod and arthropod–microbe interactions, and we outline some promising directions for future research.