bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irregular Shaped, Assumably Semi‐Crystalline Calciumphosphate Platelet Deposition at the Mineralization Front of Rabbit Femur Osteotomy: A HR‐TEM Study
Authors: Grüner Daniel , Lips Katrin S. , Heiss Christian , Schnettler Reinhard , Kollmann Theresa , Simon Paul , Kniep Rüdiger 
Published: August 2012

SummaryAlthough bone minerals have been widely studied by various techniques in previous studies, crystal structures, morphology of bone minerals and its building pathway remained still controversy. In this work, the ultrastructure of the mineralization front of rabbit femur has been studied by conventional and high‐resolution (HR) transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In order to induce a healing and demineralization process the animals were subjected to a standardized osteotomy stabilized with titan screws and sonic pins. After 84 days follow‐up time the newly build bone was investigated. The mineralization front of rabbit femur osteotomy contains partly mineralized collagen fibrils with a pronounced striped pattern together with a large number of agglomerated apatite platelets. The striation is caused by mineralization in the hole zones of the collagen fibrils, corresponding to the early stage of mineralization. In the TEM micrographs, the mineralization zone appears denser and compact when compared with fully mineralized bone, although most of the collagen fibrils are completely mineralized in the latter (higher concentration of interfibrillar apatite platelets within the mineralization zone). In bone some partly mineralized collagen fibrils are also observed, revealing the same arrangement, regular shape, and size of apatite platelets as collagen fibrils in the mineralization zone. Apatite platelets with irregular shapes are observed at the vortex‐shaped outer boundary of the mineralization zone, i.e. at the interfaces with nonmineralized collagen or osteoblasts. HR TEM micrographs reveal that the platelets are assumably semicrystalline and that within the platelet nanocrystalline domains of apatite are embedded in an amorphous calciumphosphate matrix. SCANNING 35: 169‐182, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design of a 5‐kW advanced fuel cell polygeneration system
Authors: Samavati Mahrokh , Raza Rizwan , Zhu Bin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this article, a planar, low‐temperature, solid‐oxide fuel cell based on nanocomposite materials is developed by cost‐effective tape casting and hot‐pressing methods. First, a single cell with active area of 6 × 6 cm2 was manufactured and tested to determine the cell performance. The power density of 0.4 and 0.7 W cm−2 were achieved at stable open‐circuit voltages at operating temperature of 550°C using the syngas and hydrogen, respectively. Based on these experimental results, a 5‐kW low‐temperature, solid‐oxide fuel cell polygeneration system is designed and analyzed. This system can provide electrical power and heating concurrently from a single source of fuel. The system design and the energy and mass balance are presented and a simulation based on syngas is performed. Finally, effects of fuel utilization factor, fuel cell operating temperature, and air temperature at cathode inlet on performance of polygeneration system is investigated.This article is categorized under:

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials
Energy Efficiency > Science and Materials
FocusDET, A New Toolbox for SISCOM Analysis. Evaluation of the Registration Accuracy Using Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Martí Fuster Berta , Esteban Oscar , Planes Xavier , Aguiar Pablo , Crespo Cristina , Falcon Carles , Wollny Gert , Rubí Sureda Sebastià , Setoain Xavier , Frangi Alejandro F. , Ledesma Maria J. , Santos Andrés , Pavía Javier , Ros Domènec 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Subtraction of Ictal SPECT Co-registered to MRI (SISCOM) is an imaging technique used to localize the epileptogenic focus in patients with intractable partial epilepsy. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of registration algorithms involved in SISCOM analysis using FocusDET, a new user-friendly application. To this end, Monte Carlo simulation was employed to generate realistic SPECT studies. Simulated sinograms were reconstructed by using the Filtered BackProjection (FBP) algorithm and an Ordered Subsets Expectation Maximization (OSEM) reconstruction method that included compensation for all degradations. Registration errors in SPECT-SPECT and SPECT-MRI registration were evaluated by comparing the theoretical and actual transforms. Patient studies with well-localized epilepsy were also included in the registration assessment. Global registration errors including SPECT-SPECT and SPECT-MRI registration errors were less than 1.2 mm on average, exceeding the voxel size (3.32 mm) of SPECT studies in no case. Although images reconstructed using OSEM led to lower registration errors than images reconstructed with FBP, differences after using OSEM or FBP in reconstruction were less than 0.2 mm on average. This indicates that correction for degradations does not play a major role in the SISCOM process, thereby facilitating the application of the methodology in centers where OSEM is not implemented with correction of all degradations. These findings together with those obtained by clinicians from patients via MRI, interictal and ictal SPECT and video-EEG, show that FocusDET is a robust application for performing SISCOM analysis in clinical practice.
Post‐vaccination anti‐human papillomavirus antibody seroprevalence among Czech teenaged girls and women
Authors: Petráš Marek , Sýkora Tomáš , Andrýs Ctirad , Drahošová Marcela 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate seroprevalence among Czech girls and women previously vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV).MethodsA commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the level of antibodies and seropositivity, with no genotype specification.ResultsA group of 356 teenaged girls and women with a mean age of 19.5 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.9–20.1 years) was found to have 94.1% HPV seropositivity (95% CI, 91.1%–96.3%) up to 3.5 years after vaccination. The vaccine‐specific total seropositivity rates were 98.0% and 85.0% among quadrivalent vaccinees (Gardasil; Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA) and bivalent vaccinees (Cervarix; GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, UK), respectively. Adjusting for age and post‐vaccination time period, an expected 2:1 (quadrivalent:bivalent) ratio of the geometric mean concentrations of total HPV‐specific antibodies induced by the vaccines was observed. The antibody avidity remained almost unchanged up to 3.5 years later. Nevertheless, the mean avidity index was significantly higher among quadrivalent vaccinees (2.50 M GuHCl/mL; 95% CI, 2.42–2.58 M GuHCl/mL) than bivalent vaccinees (2.09 M GuHCl/mL; 95% CI, 2.01–2.17 M GuHCl/mL).ConclusionHigh anti‐HPV seroprevalence at a level related to the valency of vaccine used was achieved among Czech teenaged girls and women up to 3.5 years after vaccination.
Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia with a 2:1 right bundle branch block
Authors: Kim Jun , Su Kim Jeong , Hyun Park Yong , Nam Gi‐Byoung 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe phenomenon of a 2:1 bundle branch block is reported during atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia, sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and atrial flutter. A 2:1 bundle branch block is attributed to first‐ and second‐degree bundle branch block, linking, electrical alternans, aberrancy, or supernormal conduction. However, the same phenomenon has not been reported in AV reentrant tachycardia. Herein, we report the case of a 52‐year‐old man presenting with orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia with a 2:1 right bundle branch block.
Clinical characteristics, pathogens implicated and therapeutic outcomes of mixed infection in adult bacterial meningitis
Authors: Tsai Wan‐Chen , Chen Shu‐Fang , Chang Wen‐Neng , Lu Cheng‐Hsien , Chuang Yao‐Chung , Tsai Nai‐Wen , Chang Chiung‐Chih , Chien Chun‐Chih , Huang Chi‐Ren 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe reviewed retrospectively the data for adult patients with bacterial meningitis over a period of 10.5 years in our hospital. The clinical characteristics and laboratory data of the 21 cases (52 strains) of mixed infection were analyzed. Two hundred and fifteen cases of single pathogen adult bacterial meningitis (ABM) were also included for comparison. Post‐neurosurgical type of ABM was presented in 86% of the mixed infection group. Brain abscess was found in three patients. Fourteen patients survived and seven cases died. The analysis showed a statistical significance for the mixed infection group having a higher rate of nosocomially‐acquired, post‐neurosurgical condition, hydrocephalus, and lower level of cerebrospinal fluid white cell count, protein and lactate than the single pathogen group. Logistic regression analysis showed the independent factor of “hydrocephalus” (p = 0.002). Presence of hydrocephalus is a significant neuroimaging feature when compared with the single pathogen group. As compared with the previous study results of mixed infection in ABM, the present study showed a change of pathogens implicated of increasingPseudomonasspp. andAcinetobacterspp. infections, and an emergence of anaerobic pathogens. All these changes deserve special attention because of the need for an appropriate choice of empirical antibiotics and choice of culture method.
Self-perception but not peer reputation of bullying victimization is associated with non-clinical psychotic experiences in adolescents
Authors: Gromann P. M. , Goossens F. A. , Olthof T. , Pronk J. , Krabbendam L. 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundBullying victimization may be linked to psychosis but only self-report measures of victimization have been used so far. This study aimed (a) to investigate the differential associations of peer-nominated versus self-reported victim status with non-clinical psychotic experiences in a sample of young adolescents, and (b) to examine whether different types of self-reported victimization predict non-clinical psychotic experiences in these adolescents.MethodA combination of standard self-report and peer nomination procedures was used to assess victimization. The sample (n = 724) was divided into four groups (exclusively self-reported victims, self- and peer-reported victims, exclusively peer-reported victims, and non-victims) to test for a group effect on non-clinical psychotic experiences. The relationship between types of victimization and non-clinical psychotic experiences was examined by a regression analysis.ResultsSelf-reported victims, along with self- and peer-reported victims, scored higher than peer-reported victims and non-victims on non-clinical psychotic experiences. Self-reports of direct relational, indirect relational and physical victimization significantly improved the prediction of non-clinical psychotic experiences whereas verbal and possession-directed victimization had no significant predictive value.ConclusionsThe relationship between victimization and non-clinical psychotic experiences is only present for self-reported victimization, possibly indicative of an interpretation bias. The observed discrepancy between self-report and peer-report highlights the importance of implementing a combination of both measures for future research.
Monosodium glutamate is not associated with overweight in Vietnamese adults
Authors: Thu Hien Vu Thi , Thi Lam Nguyen , Cong Khan Nguyen , Wakita Andrea , Yamamoto Shigeru 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of and associated factors for overweight, especially to determine the relationship between the intake of monosodium glutamate (MSG) as a seasoning and overweight in Vietnam.DesignA cross-sectional survey was conducted of Vietnamese adults aged ≥20 years in 2008. Dietary intake was assessed by the 24 h recall method for 3 d. MSG intake was evaluated by the weighing method on three consecutive days. Physical activity was assessed based on the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire recommended by the WHO. Overweight was defined as BMI ≥ 23·0 kg/m2. Other characteristics such as age and lifelong occupation were determined by a structured questionnaire.SettingSome rural and urban areas of Hanoi, Thua Thien Hue Province and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.SubjectsA total of 1528 adults living in surveyed areas were randomly selected by the multistage cluster sampling method.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight was 27·9 %, and 81·0 % of participants were MSG users. Average MSG intake was 2·2 (sd 1·8) g/d. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that factors associated with overweight were age, region of residence, lifelong occupation, physical activity and intakes of energy, carbohydrates, saturated fat and animal protein. There was no significant association between MSG intake and overweight.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated that overweight was not associated with MSG intake in Vietnamese adults. Further longitudinal studies should be done in different populations to determine the relationship between MSG and overweight.
Choosing between subsidized or unsubsidized private pension schemes: evidence from German panel data
Authors: PFARR CHRISTIAN , SCHNEIDER UDO 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSince 2002, the German government has been attempting to increase private old-age provisions by introducing incentives such as supplementary subsidies and tax credits. Since then, the so-called ‘Riester pension’ has grown in popularity. Apart from subsidized pension plans, unsubsidized private pension insurances have – already in the past – been a very important instrument among old-age provision schemes. With data of the German SAVE study for the years 2005–2009, we analyze whether the decision for a ‘Riester pension’ is independent of the decision for unsubsidized private pension insurance using methods for simultaneous equations. Our estimates indicate that decisions on ‘Riester’ and private pensions are not independent and the proposed random parameters bivariate probit model results in efficiency gains compared to separate probit estimations. Regarding governmental subsidies, we find positive incentive effects of child subsidies, whereas low income earners are not seen to increase their old-age provisions. Further, there is strong evidence for a ‘crowding-in’ among alternative assets, i.e., that individuals holding various assets make additional investments in ‘Riester pensions’ or private pension insurances. Finally, when subsidies are given, these subsidies are a clearly stronger saving motive than the aim to make provisions for old age, a result confirmed by the additional fixed-effects estimations.
Does the US Media Have a Liberal Bias?
Authors: McCarty Nolan 
Published: August 2012

In Left Turn: How Liberal Bias Distorts The American Mind, Tim Groseclose argues that media effects play a crucial role in American politics. His case rests on three arguments: (1) that journalists tend overwhelmingly to be liberal rather than conservative; (2) that their innate political bias slants their views in empirically measurable ways; and (3) that this bias fundamentally shapes American politics, by bringing US citizens further to the left than they would naturally be. According to Groseclose, in a world where media bias did not exist, American citizens would on average hold views close to those of Ben Stein or Bill O'Reilly. In such a world, John McCain would have defeated Barack Obama by a popular vote margin of 56%—42% in the 2008 presidential election.In making these claims, Groseclose draws on his own research, and on recent media scholarship by both political scientists and economists, making the broader claim that peer-reviewed social science—which seeks to deal with problems such as endogeneity and selection bias—should be the starting point for public arguments about the role of the media. His book, then, is clearly an effort to bring social scientific arguments into mainstream debates. Groseclose makes no secret of his conservative political leanings—but recent books from left-leaning political scientists such as Jacob Hacker and Paul Pierson are equally unapologetic. It is at least plausible that political scientists' typical unwillingness to engage directly in political arguments has weakened the discipline's capacity for public engagement.In this symposium a diverse group of contributors have been invited to engage with Groseclose's arguments in ways that bring together specific empirical and/or theoretical points and arguments aimed at the broader “political science public sphere” that Perspectives on Politics seeks to nurture. Contributors were asked to consider these five questions: (1): How do we best measure media effects? (2): If media bias exists, what are its plausible sources? (3): Can one use work on media effects to determine what people's views would be in the absence of such bias? (4): Do you agree that American politics is insufficiently representative, and if so what do you consider the primary sources of this problem? (5): What kinds of political and/or media institutions or practices might enhance democratic discourse?—Henry Farrell, Associate Editor
Effect of Perceptual Load on Semantic Access by Speech in Children
Authors: Jerger Susan , Damian Markus F. , Mills Candice , Bartlett James , Tye-Murray Nancy , Abdi Hervé 
Published: August 2012

PurposeTo examine whether semantic access by speech requires attention in children.MethodChildren (N= 200) named pictures and ignored distractors on a cross-modal (distractors: auditory–no face) or multimodal (distractors: auditory–static face and audiovisual–dynamic face) picture word task. The cross-modal task had a low load, and the multimodal task had a high load (i.e., respectively naming pictures displayed on a blank screen vs. below the talker's face on his T-shirt). Semantic content of distractors was manipulated to be related vs. unrelated to the picture (e.g., picture “dog” with distractors “bear” vs. “cheese”). If irrelevant semantic content manipulation influences naming times on both tasks despite variations in loads, Lavie's (2005) perceptual load model proposes that semantic access is independent of capacity-limited attentional resources; if, however, irrelevant content influences naming only on the cross-modal task (low load), the perceptual load model proposes that semantic access is dependent on attentional resources exhausted by the higher load task.ResultsIrrelevant semantic content affected performance for both tasks in 6- to 9-year-olds but only on the cross-modal task in 4- to 5-year-olds. The addition of visual speech did not influence results on the multimodal task.ConclusionYounger and older children differ in dependence on attentional resources for semantic access by speech.
Alternative Tense and Agreement Morpheme Measures for Assessing Grammatical Deficits During the Preschool Period
Authors: Gladfelter Allison , Leonard Laurence B. 
Published: August 2012

Purpose
P. A. Hadley and H. Short (2005) developed a set of measures designed to assess the emerging diversity and productivity of tense and agreement (T/A) morpheme use by 2-year-olds. The authors extended 2 of these measures to the preschool years to evaluate their utility in distinguishing children with specific language impairment (SLI) from their typically developing (TD) peers.

Method
Spontaneous speech samples from 55 children (25 with SLI, 30 TD) at 2 different age levels (4;0–4;6 [years;months] and 5;0–5;6) were analyzed, using a traditional T/A morphology composite that assessed accuracy, and the Hadley and Short measures of Tense Marker Total (assessing diversity of T/A morpheme use) and Productivity Score (assessing productivity of major T/A categories).

Results
All 3 measures showed acceptable levels of sensitivity and specificity. In addition, similar differences in levels of productivity across T/A categories were seen in the TD and SLI groups.

Conclusion
The Tense Marker Total and Productivity Score measures seem to have considerable utility for preschool-age children, in that they provide information about specific T/A morphemes and major T/A categories that are not distinguished using the traditional composite measure. The findings are discussed within the framework of the gradual morphosyntactic learning account.
The interaction of quasi-monoenergetic protons with pre-compressed inertial fusion fuels
Authors: Mahdavi M. , Koohrokhi T. , Azadifar R. 
Published: August 2012

The interaction of a quasi-monoenergetic proton beam with a pre-compressed plasma is studied in the context of inertial fusion fast ignition (FI). Based on fundamental principles, a kinetic model is developed by considering hard collisions, nuclear scattering, and the contribution due to collective processes. The penetration depth, longitudinal straggling, and the transverse blooming are evaluated by solving the Boltzmann transport equation using the multiple scattering theory. The stopping power, transport scattering cross sections, and convenient expressions for the angular moments of the proton distribution function have been used in modeling the collisional proton transport in a three-dimensional (3D) Monte Carlo code. The transport of a proton beam with a quasi-monoenergetic energy ⟨E⟩=10 MeV is studied for pre-compressed deuterium-tritium plasma with an average density of ρ=400 g cm−3 and temperatures T=1 keV, 5 keV, and 10 keV. The net effects of multiple scattering are to reduce the penetration from 1.028 to 0.828 g cm−2 with range straggling ρΣR=0.044 g cm−2 and beam blooming ρΣB=0.272 g cm−2, for 10 MeV protons in a ρ=400 g cm−3 plasma at T = 5 keV. This model can be used for quantitatively assessing ignition requirements for proton fast ignition.
Additional Cross-sectional Transesophageal Echocardiography Views Improve Perioperative Right Heart Assessment
Authors: Kasper Jorge , Bolliger Daniel , Skarvan Karl , Buser Peter , Filipovic Miodrag , Seeberger Manfred Daniel 
Published: August 2012

Background
Right heart failure is an important cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality, and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is crucial for its diagnosis. However, only four of the 20 cross-sectional views recommended in current guidelines for intraoperative TEE focus on the right heart. This study analyzed whether incorporating additional views into the standard TEE examination improves assessment of the right heart.

Methods
Sixty patients underwent standard TEE examination after induction of anesthesia. In addition, five views focusing on the right heart were acquired. Offline analysis tested: (1) whether the additional TEE views can be acquired as reliably as standard views including parts of the right heart; whether incorporating additional views improves the assessment of (2) eight or more right ventricular wall segments based on a predefined nine-segment model; (3) the tricuspid or pulmonary valve in two or more planes; and (4) transvalvular tricuspid and pulmonary flow in orthograde fashion.

Results
Additional views could be imaged as reliably (88%) as standard views (90%). Incorporating some of the additional views allowed the assessment of eight or more right ventricular segments in 59 (98%) versus 18 patients (30%) by the standard views alone, and of the pulmonary valve in two or more planes in 60 (100%) versus 15 patients (25%). Several additional views improved orthograde assessment of transvalvular pulmonary flow, but not of tricuspid flow.

Conclusions
The additional TEE views focusing on the right heart can be acquired as reliably as standard views. Incorporating three of them into the standard TEE examination improves comprehensive assessment of the right heart.