bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin rescues cardiovascular dysfunction during hypoxic development in the chick embryo
Authors: Itani Nozomi , Skeffington Katie L. , Beck Christian , Niu Youguo , Giussani Dino A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThere is a search for rescue therapy against fetal origins of cardiovascular disease in pregnancy complicated by chronic fetal hypoxia, particularly following clinical diagnosis of fetal growth restriction (FGR). Melatonin protects the placenta in adverse pregnancy; however, whether melatonin protects the fetal heart and vasculature in hypoxic pregnancy independent of effects on the placenta is unknown. Whether melatonin can rescue fetal cardiovascular dysfunction when treatment commences following FGR diagnosis is also unknown. We isolated the effects of melatonin on the developing cardiovascular system of the chick embryo during hypoxic incubation. We tested the hypothesis that melatonin directly protects the fetal cardiovascular system in adverse development and that it can rescue dysfunction following FGR diagnosis. Chick embryos were incubated under normoxia or hypoxia (14% O2) from day 1 ± melatonin treatment (1 mg/kg/day) from day 13 of incubation (term ~21 days). Melatonin in hypoxic chick embryos rescued cardiac systolic dysfunction, impaired cardiac contractility and relaxability, increased cardiac sympathetic dominance, and endothelial dysfunction in peripheral circulations. The mechanisms involved included reduced oxidative stress, enhanced antioxidant capacity and restored vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and NO bioavailability. Melatonin treatment of the chick embryo starting at day 13 of incubation, equivalent to ca. 25 wk of gestation in human pregnancy, rescues early origins of cardiovascular dysfunction during hypoxic development. Melatonin may be a suitable antioxidant candidate for translation to human therapy to protect the fetal cardiovascular system in adverse pregnancy.
Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein R regulates arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase synthesis via internal ribosomal entry site‐mediated translation in a circadian manner
Authors: Lee Hwa‐Rim , Kim Tae‐Don , Kim Hyo‐Jin , Jung Youngseob , Lee Dohyun , Lee Kyung‐Ha , Kim Do‐Yeon , Woo Kyung‐Chul , Kim Kyong‐Tai 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRhythmic arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (AANAT) synthesis is a prominent circadian‐controlled response that occurs in most mammals. AANAT is the core enzyme in melatonin production; because melatonin participates in many physiological processes, the regulation of AANAT is an important research topic. In this study, we focused on the role of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein R (hnRNP R) in the translation of AANAT. A novel RNA‐binding protein hnRNP R widely interacted with the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of AANAT mRNA and contributed to translation through an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). Fine‐tuning of AANAT protein synthesis occurred in response to knockdown and overexpression of hnRNP R. Nocturnal elevation of AANAT protein was dependent on the rhythmic changes of hnRNP R, whose levels are elevated in the pineal gland during nighttime. Increases in hnRNP R additionally improved AANAT production in rat pinealocytes under norepinephrine (NE) treatment. These results suggest that cap‐independent translation of AANAT mRNA plays a role in the rhythmic synthesis of melatonin through the recruitment of translational machinery to hnRNP R‐bound AANAT mRNA.
Spiegelman Studies Part 1 of 2: Maus
Authors: Smith Philip 
Published: October 2015

AbstractArt Spiegelman is one of the most‐discussed creators in Comic Book Studies. His Pulitzer‐winning work Maus (1980 and 1991) was, alongside The Dark Knight Returns (1986) and Watchmen (1987), the catalyst to a sea change in the commercial and critical fortunes of the alternative comic book during the mid‐1980s. It has been a landmark text in critical discourses on comics ever since. The purpose of this and its companion paper is to offer a synthesis and reinvestigation of both the existing critical literature on Spiegelman as well as, perhaps most importantly, the lacunae within that literature. The aims of these two papers, then, are two‐fold: firstly, to establish where we have got to and, secondly, to suggest some directions for the future of Spiegelman scholarship. This, the first of the two papers, will be devoted to the richest vein of Spiegelman scholarship, on Maus.
Degarelix Versus Goserelin Plus Bicalutamide in the Short‐Term Relief of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Prostate Cancer Patients: Results of a Pooled Analysis
Authors: MASON Malcolm , RICHAUD Pierre , BOSNYAK Zsolt , MALMBERG Anders , NEIJBER Anders 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveIn patients with prostate cancer (PCa), prostate enlargement may give rise to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS); many patients suffer from moderate‐to‐severe symptoms. We compare the efficacy of degarelix and goserelin plus bicalutamide in improving LUTS in PCa patients.MethodsData were pooled from three Phase 3, randomized clinical trials of once‐monthly treatment for 12 weeks with degarelix (240/80 mg; n = 289) or goserelin (3.6 mg) plus bicalutamide (50 mg; n = 174) for initial flare protection. LUTS at weeks 4, 8, and 12 were compared to baseline. Clinically relevant LUTS relief was a ≥3‐point International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) decrease. Adverse events were assessed throughout the trials.ResultsPatients receiving degarelix had significantly greater decreases in IPSS vs. goserelin at week 12 (adjusted difference: −1.24; 95% CI −2.33 to −0.14, P = 0.03). Clinically relevant LUTS relief with degarelix was especially pronounced in patients with moderate‐to‐severe LUTS (baseline IPSS ≥13) (odds ratio; OR 2.31; 95% CI 1.19–4.47, P = 0.01) and advanced PCa (OR 2.36; 95% CI 1.10–5.04, P = 0.03). A twofold higher OR for early (week 4) LUTS relief was seen with degarelix vs. goserelin (OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.14–3.60, P = 0.02). No difference in total prostate volume or urinary tract infection‐related adverse events (2%) was seen between treatment groups.ConclusionAn early, significant and clinically more pronounced improvement of LUTS, especially in patients with moderate‐to‐severe LUTS or advanced PCa, was seen with degarelix vs. goserelin plus bicalutamide.
ON THE BIOECONOMICS OF MARINE RESERVES WHEN DISPERSAL EVOLVES
Authors: MOBERG EMILY A. , SHYU ESTHER , HERRERA GUILLERMO E. , LENHART SUZANNE , LOU YUAN , NEUBERT MICHAEL G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMarine reserves are an increasingly used and potentially contentious tool in fisheries management. Depending upon the way that individuals move, no‐take marine reserves can be necessary for maximizing equilibrium rent in some simple mathematical models. The implementation of no‐take marine reserves often generates a redistribution of fishing effort in space. This redistribution of effort, in turn, produces sharp spatial gradients in mortality rates for the targeted stock. Using a two‐patch model, we show that the existence of such gradients is a sufficient condition for the evolution of an evolutionarily stable conditional dispersal strategy. Thus, the dispersal strategy of the fish depends upon the harvesting strategy of the manager and vice versa. We find that an evolutionarily stable optimal harvesting strategy (ESOHS)—one which maximizes equilibrium rent given that fish disperse in an evolutionarily stable manner– ‐ never includes a no‐take marine reserve. This strategy is economically unstable in the short run because a manager can generate more rent by disregarding the possibility of dispersal evolution. Simulations of a stochastic evolutionary process suggest that such a short‐run, myopic strategy performs poorly compared to the ESOHS over the long run, however, as it generates rent that is lower on average and higher in variability.
Three‐dimensional analysis of palatal shape in patients treated with SARME using traditional and geometric morphometrics
Authors: Trefný P. , Krajíček V. , Velemínská J. 
Published: October 2015

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo demonstrate the advantages of dense surface models in the evaluation of surgical‐assisted rapid maxillary expansion's effect (SARME) on palatal morphology. Furthermore, we compared the palatal surface before (T1) and after (T2) therapy with controls.Setting and Sample PopulationSurgical‐assisted rapid maxillary expansion's effect group of 15 adult patients (Le Fort I and midpalatal sagittal osteotomy, hyrax screw) and 50 adult individuals. Patients were treated in General Faculty Hospital, Prague.Materials and MethodsEighty plaster casts were digitized using a three‐dimensional laser scanner and evaluated using traditional and geometric morphometrics.ResultsAn unpaired Student's t‐test on the controls and the SARME T1 group revealed significant differences in all width measurements. Between the controls and the SARME T2 group, significant differences were only related to the interdental angle between the first molars and particularly to the palatal height. The most remarkable differences between the pre‐ and post‐treatment palatal morphology were a widening of the dental arch and buccal shift of the lateral teeth associated with apparent flattening of the alveolar crest.ConclusionsDense surface model provided descriptive visualization of the treatment effect and was helpful in the evaluation of palatal shape variability including detection of the most difficult patients. Correction of the dental arch width discrepancy by SARME was successfully achieved. After therapy, palatal shape variability of most of the patients was comparable to the variability of the control group.
Upregulation of Bpifb1 expression in the parotid glands of non‐obese diabetic mice
Authors: Nashida T. , Yoshimura K. , Yoshie S. , Mizuhashi F. , Shimomura‐Kuroki J. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo define the increased mRNA expression of Bpifb1, a member of the bactericidal/permeability‐increasing protein family, in parotid acinar cells from non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice, an animal model for Sjögren's syndrome.Materials and methodsParotid acinar cells were prepared from female NOD (NOD/ShiJcl) mice with or without diabetes, as well as from control (C57BL/6JJcl) mice. Total RNA and homogenate were prepared from the parotid acinar cells. Embryonic cDNA from a Mouse MTC™ Panel I kit was used. The expression of Bpifb1 was determined by cDNA microarray analysis, RT‐PCR, real‐time PCR, northern blotting and in situ hybridization.ResultsThe expression of Bpifb1 mRNA was high in parotid acinar cells from diabetic and non‐diabetic NOD mice at 5–50 weeks of age. Acinar cells in the C57BL/6 mice had a low expression of Bpifb1 mRNA at an age >8 weeks, but had a relatively high expression in the foetus and infantile stages.ConclusionsBpifb1 mRNA is upregulated in parotid acinar cells in NOD mice, but its expression is not related to the onset of diabetes. These findings suggest that high expression levels of Bpifb1 might predict disease traits before the onset of autoimmunity.
Cost Burden of Chronic Pain Patients in a Large Integrated Delivery System in the United States
Authors: Park Peter W. , Dryer Richard D. , Hegeman‐Dingle Rozelle , Mardekian Jack , Zlateva Gergana , Wolff Greg G. , Lamerato Lois E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate all‐cause healthcare resource utilization and costs among chronic pain patients within an integrated healthcare delivery system in the United States.MethodsElectronic medical records and health claims data from the Henry Ford Health System were used to determine healthcare resource utilization and costs for patients with 24 chronic pain conditions. Patients were identified by ≥ 2 ICD‐9‐CM codes ≥ 30 days apart from January to December, 2010; the first ICD‐9 code was the index event. Continuous coverage for 12 months pre‐ and postindex was required. All‐cause direct medical costs were determined from billing data.ResultsA total of 12,165 patients were identified for the analysis. After pharmacy, the most used resource was outpatient visits, with a mean of 18.8 (SD 13.2) visits per patient for the postindex period; specialty visits accounted for 59.0% of outpatient visits. Imaging was utilized with a mean of 5.2 (SD 5.5) discrete tests per patient, and opioids were the most commonly prescribed medication (38.7%). Annual direct total costs for all conditions were $386 million ($31,692 per patient; a 40% increase from the pre‐index). Pharmacy costs comprised 14.3% of total costs, and outpatient visits were the primary cost driver.ConclusionsChronic pain conditions impose a substantial burden on the healthcare system, with musculoskeletal conditions associated with the highest overall costs. Costs appeared to be primarily related to use of outpatient services. This type of research supports integrated delivery systems as a source for assessing opportunities to improve patient outcomes and lower the costs for chronic pain patients.
Effect of Hyaluronidase Addition to Lidocaine for Trigger Point Injection in Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Authors: Choi Ji Won , Lee Chul Joong , Lee Sangmin M. , Shin Byung Seop , Jun Byunghui , Sim Woo Seog 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionThis randomized, double‐blind study compared the efficacy of hyaluronidase co‐injection with that of local anesthesia alone on the degree of pain and quality of life in patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS).MethodsSixty‐one adults, aged 25 to 75 years, with MPS affecting both trapezius muscles were randomly assigned to one of the 2 treatment groups: lidocaine (group L: n = 31) or hyaluronidase (group H: n = 30). All patients received Trigger point injection (TPI). Group L received 3.2 mL 0.5% lidocaine alone. Group H received the same solution of lidocaine mixed with hyaluronidase (600 iu/mL). Patients were followed for 14 days (pre‐ and post‐TPI days 0, 1, 4, 7, and 14) with the verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS), and the primary outcome was VNRS on day 7. Also, we evaluated the neck disability index (NDI) and the short form of brief pain inventory (BPI‐SF) on pre‐ and post‐TPI day 14.ResultsIn both groups, VNRS decreased on days 4, 7, and 14 compared to the pre‐TPI. However, in group H, VNRS decreased on day 1 also. There were no significant differences of VNRS between the 2 groups during 14 days. NDI and BPI‐SF scores also significantly decreased after TPI in both groups.ConclusionsThere were no significant differences between groups in terms of VNRS, NDI, or BPI‐SF scores. However, TPI consisting of lidocaine mixed with hyaluronidase worked more effectively than lidocaine alone on post‐TPI day 1. Further, hyaluronidase showed a tendency to reduce TPI‐related soreness.
Genome distribution of differential homoeologue contributions to leaf gene expression in bread wheat
Authors: Harper Andrea L. , Trick Martin , He Zhesi , Clissold Leah , Fellgett Alison , Griffiths Simon , Bancroft Ian 
Published: October 2015

SummaryUsing a combination of de novo transcriptome assembly, a newly developed 9495‐marker transcriptome SNP genetic linkage map and comparative genomics approaches, we developed an ordered set of nonredundant transcripts for each of the subgenomes of hexaploid wheat: A (47 160 unigenes), B (59 663 unigenes) and D (40 588 unigenes). We used these as reference sequences against which to map Illumina mRNA‐Seq reads derived from young leaf tissue. Transcript abundance was quantified for each unigene. Using a three‐way reciprocal BLAST approach, 15 527 triplet sets of homoeologues (one from each genome) were identified. Differential expression (P < 0.05) was identified for 5248 unigenes, with 2906 represented at greater abundance than their two homoeologues and 2342 represented at lower abundance than their two homoeologues. Analysis of gene ontology terms revealed no biases between homoeologues. There was no evidence of genomewide dominance effects, rather the more highly transcribed individual genes were distributed throughout all three genomes. Transcriptome display tile plot, a visualization approach based on CMYK colour space, was developed and used to assess the genome for regions of skewed homoeologue transcript abundance. Extensive striation was revealed, indicative of many small regions of genome dominance (transcripts of homoeologues from one genome more abundant than the others) and many larger regions of genome repression (transcripts of homoeologues from one genome less abundant than the others).
Realism and Constructivism in Kantian Metaethics (2): The Kantian Conception of Rationality and Rationalist Constructivism
Authors: Schafer Karl 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the second half of this essay, I discuss the robust conception of rationality that lies at the heart of the Kantian version of Rationalist Constructivism – offering some reasons to prefer this conception to the more minimal accounts of rationality associated with Humean views. I then go on to discuss some of the potential metaethical advantages of the resulting form of constructivism.
Exploring Safe Sleep and SIDS Risk Perception in an African‐American Community: Focused Ethnography
Authors: Zoucha Rick , Walters Cynthia A. , Colbert Alison M. , Carlins Eileen , Smith Eileen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesExplore the cultural influences of safe sleep practices by African‐American caregivers of children under 2 years old. Explore the role of health care professionals in promoting safe sleep.Design and SampleA focused ethnography was used to understand the contextual cultural meaning and experiences of safe sleep practices of African‐American caregivers of children under 2 years. Nineteen African‐Americans participated in this study.MeasuresDemographic data were collected and semi‐structured interviews were conducted with individuals and small groups. Saturation of the data occurred after 17 interviews. Data were analyzed using Leininger's four Phases of qualitative data analysis.Results(Themes): (1) The informants expressed both accurate and inaccurate knowledge of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and safe sleep practices influenced by personal experiences, hospital education, family, extended family and television; (2) Sleeping with infants and children was viewed as a cultural caring behavior promoting comfort, closeness and protection for infants, children, parents and caregivers; (3) The informants want and are seeking collaboration with nurses and health care professionals who are viewed as important in promoting accurate information about SIDS and safe sleep practices.ConclusionThe role of the nurse can impact accurate outcomes about SIDS and safe sleep practices.
How can asymmetric detachment faults generate symmetric Ocean Continent Transitions?
Authors: Gillard Morgane , Manatschal Gianreto , Autin Julia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAsymmetry or symmetry of magma‐poor rifted margins refers commonly to the crustal architecture and the occurrence or absence of large‐scale extensional detachment faults. While distal parts of magma‐poor rifted margins are often considered to be asymmetric, the observation of downlapping sedimentary sequences over exhumed mantle domains at conjugate margins suggests a symmetric evolution during mantle exhumation. On the basis of seismic observations along the Iberia–Newfoundland and Australia–Antarctica margins, we propose that their most distal parts show evidence for the development of multiple, out‐of‐sequence asymmetric detachment faults. We present evidence for cyclic delocalization and re‐localization of deformation, resulting in an apparent symmetry of the exhumed mantle domain. The interaction between out‐of‐sequence detachment systems and the successive rise of the asthenosphere may explain the observed transition from fault‐controlled to magma‐controlled strain accommodation and the transition to more symmetric and localized accretion associated with the formation of a stable spreading center.
ACSEBUL: An Approach for the Construction of Spatial Entities Based on Unified Logic
Authors: Guo Renzhong , Yu Changbin , Li Lin , Zhao Zhigang , He Biao 
Published: October 2015

AbstractApproaches for automatically constructing 2D entities (e.g. 2D polygons) using 1D entities (e.g. 1D edges) have been widely discussed. However, few studies have considered how to construct 3D entities using lower‐dimensional entities, and fundamental research comparing 2D with 3D construction is even lacking. Therefore, this article proposes the Approach for Construction of Spatial Entities Based on Unified Logic (ACSEBUL), which can be applied to both 2D and 3D situations and can guarantee validation of these constructed 2D (3D) entities. Detailed definitions of the primitives and descriptions of ACSEBUL are provided, and typical 2D and 3D examples are shown. Furthermore, example experiments are performed using 2D and 3D parcels in Shenzhen, China. The results demonstrate that the 2D and 3D ACSEBUL methods, which are based on unified logic, can be used to automatically construct 2D and 3D entities, respectively.
Introduction of a closed‐system cell processor for red blood cell washing: postimplementation monitoring of safety and efficacy
Authors: Acker Jason P. , Hansen Adele L. , Yi Qi‐Long , Sondi Nayana , Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine , Pendergrast Jacob , Hannach Barbara 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDAfter introduction of a closed‐system cell processor, the effect of this product change on safety, efficacy, and utilization of washed red blood cells (RBCs) was assessed.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis study was a pre‐/postimplementation observational study. Efficacy data were collected from sequentially transfused washed RBCs received as prophylactic therapy by β‐thalassemia patients during a 3‐month period before and after implementation of the Haemonetics ACP 215 closed‐system processor. Before implementation, an open system (TerumoBCT COBE 2991) was used to wash RBCs. The primary endpoint for efficacy was a change in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration corrected for the duration between transfusions. The primary endpoint for safety was the frequency of adverse transfusion reactions (ATRs) in all washed RBCs provided by Canadian Blood Services to the transfusion service for 12 months before and after implementation.RESULTSData were analyzed from more than 300 RBCs transfused to 31 recipients before implementation and 29 recipients after implementation. The number of units transfused per episode reduced significantly after implementation, from a mean of 3.5 units to a mean of 3.1 units (p < 0.005). The corrected change in Hb concentration was not significantly different before and after implementation. ATRs occurred in 0.15% of transfusions both before and after implementation.CONCLUSIONSafety and efficacy of washed RBCs were not affected after introduction of a closed‐system cell processor. The ACP 215 allowed for an extended expiry time, improving inventory management and overall utilization of washed RBCs. Transfusion of fewer RBCs per episode reduced exposure of recipients to allogeneic blood products while maintaining efficacy.