bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POLÍTICA DE AVALIAÇÃO EM PROGRAMAS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE EXCELÊNCIA EM EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Wassen Joyce , Monteiro de Aguiar Pereira Elisabete , Balzan Newton Cesar 
Published: May 2015

<p>O artigo apresenta o resultado da pesquisa com 8 Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PPGE) classificados, no triênio 2007-2009, como de excelência pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal em Nível Superior (CAPES). Analisa, do ponto de vista de seus coordenadores, as políticas que determinam a construção dessa excelência, a qual se expressa pelos conceitos 6 e 7 e os elementos que contribuíram para a construção da excelência de seus PPGE. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi a entrevista. A criação de Programas de Pós-Graduação (PPG) no Brasil tem sido fundamental para o desenvolvimento e consolidação da pesquisa e qualificação de mestres e doutores no país. A qualidade desses programas é a finalidade da avaliação empreendida pela CAPES. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que cada PPGE possui características e condições de produção distintas, mesmo sendo classificados com conceitos semelhantes e que nem todos os coordenadores demonstram ter em seus PPGE condições adequadas para a realização de atividades acadêmicas - recursos acadêmicos, estruturais e financeiros. A respeito dos elementos que contribuem para a construção da excelência de seus PPGE, destacam aspectos como: padrões de qualidade da própria Instituição de Ensino Superior; grupos de pesquisa; linhas de pesquisa bem definidas; liderança acadêmica nas áreas de especialidades; entre outros. Quanto ao processo da CAPES, analisam importante que se avalie a qualidade dos PPGE, porém, apontam sugestões e contribuições para o aperfeiçoamento do modelo avaliativo. </p>
A ESCOLA PÚBLICA E SEU ENTORNO SOCIAL – uma questão em aberto
Authors: Lerche Vieira Sofia , Maia Vidal Eloisa 
Published: May 2015

<p>Este artigo procura aproximar-se do tema escola, família e comunidade do seu entorno, buscando por meio de uma incursão na literatura, estudos e relatos refletir sobre essa complexa relação. Procura também identificar possíveis matrizes geradoras que a orientam no cenário da política educacional brasileira. A presença de iniciativas que envolvem a relação entre a escola e seu entorno no país nem sempre foi foco de ação deliberada por parte do Poder Público Foi apenas a partir de meados dos anos noventa que o Poder Público passou a ter foco deliberado sobre iniciativas que direta ou indiretamente envolvem esta relação: o Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola (PDDE), o Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento dos Conselhos Escolares e o Programa Escola Aberta. O trabalho analisa ainda dados de pesquisas sobre a visão de diretore(a)s e professore(a)s sobre a matéria, partindo de duas diferentes fontes de informação: dados dos questionários do Diretor e Professor da Prova Brasil 2011 e projeto de investigação sobre 15 municípios na região do Maciço de Baturité – Ceará, desenvolvido com financiamento do CNPq. Os dados obtidos confirmam o caráter positivo dessa relação, mostrando, entretanto, que a relação entre a escola e a família aparece como uma questão em aberto. Em outros termos, um nó ainda não suficientemente dissolvido. </p>
Nanominerals Packaged in pH‐Responsive Alginate Microcapsules Exhibit Selective Delivery in Small Intestine and Enhanced Absorption and Bioavailability
Authors: Bhagat Stuti , Singh Sanjay 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMineral supplementation is crucial for human nutrition to facilitate appropriate growth, disease prevention, and improved reproductive health. The conventional forms of mineral supplementation involve an ionic form of elements mixed with biomolecules; however, suffer from unfavorable reactions under an acidic environment of stomach, ROS generation, and poor absorption in the small intestine. To address this, nanominerals (NMs) of six essential mineral elements are synthesized and packed in pH‐responsive microcapsule. Each NMs is coated with biomolecules that are known to rapidly absorb through the intestinal epithelium. Microcapsules are found intact at acidic pH (pH: 2.0–6.5); however, selectively release NMs at pH ≥7.0. The in vitro study demonstrates that the mixture of NMs and microcapsules is biocompatible and exhibits excellent ROS scavenging ability at physiological pH. Oral administration of NMs‐loaded microcapsules to rats shows enhanced levels of minerals, vitamin B12, hemoglobin, and total antioxidant activity in blood. The liver, kidneys, and spleen show enhanced expression of Cu/Zn‐SOD and Mn‐SOD enzymes due to high absorption and bioavailability of ZnO, Cu2O, and MnO2 NMs through the intestine. Thus, the pH‐responsive microcapsules hold promise to effectively stealth the encapsulated nutrient materials from the acidic environment of stomach and precisely deliver them to small intestine.
Enhanced Self–Assembly and Spontaneous Separation for Ultrathin, Air‒Floating Graphene Macrofilms and their Application in Ultrasensitive In‐Site Growth Sensors
Authors: Ding Guomin , Yang Bowen , Chen Kun , Wang Hong , Chen Junlei , Mei Qilin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSelf‐assembled graphene films at air‐liquid interface have great potential for multiple applications. However, the large size and ultrathin thickness for graphene‐based films are hardly achieved simultaneously because of poor assembly ability of graphene oxide (GO) and cautious film transfer process (FTP). Herein, the ethanol‐based binary solution with supramolecular clusters and weak polarity is introduced to enhance the assembly performance of GO. In this regime, GO film is formed within 52 s, and its formation temperature can be as low as −20 °C. More importantly, the attractive force between the formed GO film and this binary solution is 62% lower than that between GO film and traditional aqueous solution. On this basis, for the first time a spontaneous separation of the self‐assembled GO film from solution is reported, and the air‒floating graphene films (AGFs) with nanoscale thickness and centimeter‐scale diameter are prepared without FTP. By means of this separation behavior, the in situ growth AGFs sensors are fabricated, and they express fast response and ultrahigh sensitivity to imperceptible change in temperature and disturbances that are hardly recognized by common sensors. Therefore, a new accessible strategy is demonstrated to prepare ultrathin graphene macrofilms, which can be the excellent candidates for multifunctional, ultrasensitive sensors.
Radical Carbocyclization Intercepted Reductive C−C Bond Formation Between 1,n‐Enynes or Dienes and Electron‐Poor Olefins/Alkynes
Authors: Hazra Subhadeep , Patel Manveer , Saha Jaideep 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetal hydride catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) reaction of 1,6‐enyne and electron‐poor alkene progresses through a radical cascade, involving ene‐yne cyclization and exocyclic C−C bond formation superseding the direct reductive olefin cross‐coupling; which is realized in the current study. The generality of this reaction manifold is demonstrated with a range of functionalized 1,6‐enyne and dienes and involving structurally distinct electron‐poor olefins and alkynes as partners. Current work unveils a merger of MHAT‐based olefin‐hydro functionalization with radical ene‐one cyclization.
Plant‐Derived Phytochemicals and Their Nanoformulations for Inducing Programed Cell Death in Cancer
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Wang Xiaoyang , Wang Long , Wang Haifan , Zhang Yuxing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhytochemicals are a diverse class of compounds found in various plant‐based foods and beverages that have displayed the capacity to exert powerful anticancer effects through the induction of programed cell death (PCD) in malignancies. PCD is a sophisticated process that maintains in upholding tissue homeostasis and eliminating injured or neoplastic cells. Phytochemicals have shown the potential to induce PCD in malignant cells through various mechanisms, including modulation of cell signaling pathways, regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and interaction with critical targets in cells such as DNA. Moreover, recent studies have suggested that nanomaterials loaded with phytochemicals may enhance cell death in tumors, which can also stimulate antitumor immunity. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the anticancer effects of phytochemicals and their potential as a promising approach to cancer therapy, is provided. The impacts of phytochemicals such as resveratrol, curcumin, apigenin, quercetin, and some approved plant‐derived drugs, such as taxanes on the regulation of some types of PCD, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, anoikis, autophagic cell death, ferroptosis, and necroptosis, are discussed. The underlying mechanisms and the potential of nanomaterials loaded with phytochemicals to enhance PCD in tumors are also explained.
Anticipation of Large Intrinsic Spin Hall Conductivity in Mercury Chalcogenides: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: N Suneetha , K. S Ananthram , Tarafder Kartick 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe report carried out detailed first‐principle calculations of Mercury chalcogenides (HgX; X = Te, Se and S) using density functional theory, verifying the bulk band inversion property with different exchange‐correlation functionals. The Wannier function method is used to study the non‐trivial topology of HgX systems, spin Berry curvature, and intrinsic spin Hall conductivity. Quantized intrinsic spin Hall conductivity is observed in the HgX systems. Large intrinsic spin Hall conductivity is found in the systems due to a strong spin Berry curvature accumulation near the triply degenerate points in the Brillouin zone. Calculation shows that the intrinsic spin Hall conductivity for all three HgX systems has stable plateaus, with Mercury Telluride having a maximum width of up to 1.05 eV. The maximum intrinsic spin Hall conductivity of –931/e () is obtained in mercury sulfide, higher than the reported values for spin Hall conductivity and the plateau width in typical topological insulators such as , , and as well as in transition metal pnictides (TaX, X = As, P and N) and transition metal iridates.
Stabilizing Bicontinuous Emulsions with Sub‐Micrometer Domains Solely by Nanoparticles
Authors: Sprockel Alessio J. , Vrijhoeven Tessa N. , Siegel Henrik , Steenvoorden Ffion E. , Haase Martin F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNanoparticle‐stabilized, bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (bijels) find potential applications as battery, separation membrane, and chemical reactor materials. Decreasing the liquid domain sizes of bijels to sub‐micrometer dimensions requires surfactants, complicating bijel synthesis and postprocessing into functional nanomaterials. This work introduces surfactant‐free bijels with sub‐micrometer domains, solely stabilized by nanoparticles. To this end, the covalent surface functionalization of silica nanoparticles is characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, mass spectrometry, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. Bijels are generated with the functionalized nanoparticles via solvent transfer induced phase separation (STrIPS), enabling the optimization of nanoparticle functionalization and surface ionization. Nanoparticles of intermediate functionalization and controlled negative surface charge stabilize bijels with sub‐micrometer liquid domains. This remarkable control over bijel synthesis provides urgently needed progress to facilitate the widespread implementation of bijels as nanomaterials in research and applications.
Multifaceted regulation of chiroptical properties and self‐assembly behaviors of chiral fluorescent polymers
Authors: He Youling , Zhang Junqian , Ma Chaoyang , Liu Junkai , Guo Jingjing , Han Ting , Hu Rongrong , Li Bing Shi , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe multifaceted regulation of the chiroptical properties and self‐assembly behaviors of chiral fluorescent polymers is of great significance yet remains challenging to achieve. Herein, a series of novel salen‐based chiral fluorescent polymers with aggregation‐induced emission and varied substitution manners were facilely and efficiently synthesized. Multiple factors were systematically investigated on the chiroptical properties and self‐assembly performance of these polymers, which include molecular structures, solvent environments, metal coordination, and liquid crystal (LC) assemblies. Sutle change in the solvent composition can lead to diverse assembly morphologies of all these chiral polymers, from single‐handed helical fibers, helical toroids or loops, to spherical structures, consequently leading to an aggregation‐reduced circular dichroism (CD) phenomenon. The polymers bearing salen units show highly selective and reversible coordination with Zn2+ and can also induce multiple responses in the absorption, luminescence, CD, and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of these chiral fluorescent polymers via a coordination‐ and dissociation‐initiated self‐assembly tuning. Furthermore, a small amount of the chiral fluorescent polymer in can induce achiral nematic 4‐cyano‐4′‐n‐pentylbiphenyl (5CB) to form ordered chiral nematic LC phase with significant improvement in their CD and CPL signal. The absolute absorption and luminescent dissymmetry factors of the resulting supramolecular assemblies can reach the order of 10−1.
Boosting disassembly of π–π stacked supramolecular nanodrugs under tumor microenvironment by introducing stimuli‐responsive drug‐mates
Authors: Xu Wenzhe , Yang Ruixu , Xue Yingke , Chen Yang , Liu Shuwei , Zhang Songling , Wang Yonggang , Liu Yi , Zhang Hao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNumerous reports have demonstrated the construction of supramolecular nanodrugs (SNDs) via the π–π stacking of drug molecules for antitumor applications because most drugs possess aromatic rings or other planar conjugate units. However, the destruction of π–π stacking and the subsequent disassembly of SNDs under tumor microenvironment (TME), which is the precondition for drug release, have not been clearly described. In this work, based on a disassembly model of π–π stacked naphthoquinone SNDs, the influence of co‐assembled drugs on disassembly is delineated. Both the experimental observation and computational simulation indicate that the disassembly of SNDs under simulated TME highly depends on the disassembly activation energy (ΔEdis) of neighboring π–π stacked molecules. Owing to the high ΔEdis, the disassembly of self‐assembled naphthoquinone SNDs is greatly restricted. Meaningfully, the ΔEdis is the sum of a series of activation energy according to the specific stimuli of TME. Thus, a concept of stimuli‐responsive drug‐mates is proposed for boosting the disassembly of π–π stacked SNDs, namely the foremost co‐assembly of π‐conjugated drugs with additional drug molecules that possess relatively weak π–π interaction but high TME responsiveness. Further computational simulation reveals that the introduction of stimuli‐responsive drug‐mates significantly lowers the ΔEdis, thus accelerating the disassembly of SNDs and the release of drug payloads. Holding the advantages of π‐conjugated drug library, the concept of stimuli‐responsive drug‐mates gives an extensive design of π–π stacked SNDs toward heterogeneous nidus microenvironment responsiveness, which highlights the superiority of widely used drug co‐assembly strategy in constructing multifunctional SNDs.
Religious Involvement Is Associated With Higher Fertility and Lower Maternal Investment, but More Alloparental Support Among Gambian Mothers
Authors: Shaver John H. , Chvaja Radim , Spake Laure , Hassan Anushé , Badjie Jainaba , Prentice Andrew M. , Cerami Carla , Sear Rebecca , Shenk Mary K. , Sosis Richard 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesHuman childrearing is cooperative, with women often able to achieve relatively high fertility through help from many individuals. Previous work has documented tremendous socioecological variation in who supports women in childrearing, but less is known about the intracultural correlates of variation in allomaternal support. In the highly religious, high‐fertility setting of The Gambia, we studied whether religious mothers have more children and receive more support with their children.MethodsWe randomly sampled 395 mothers and 745 focal children enrolled in the Kiang West (The Gambia) Longitudinal Population Study cohort. Structured interviews asked mothers who and how often people invest in their children, and about their religious practices. Data were collected at participants' homes on electronic tablet‐based long‐form surveys and analyzed using the Bayesian hierarchical models.ResultsReligiosity was weakly associated with women's higher age‐adjusted fertility. Maternal religiosity was negatively related to maternal investment in focal children, but positively associated with total allomaternal support. Specifically, a woman's religiosity was positively associated with allomaternal support from matrilineal kin, other offspring, and affinal kin, but unrelated to paternal, patrilineal, and non‐kin investment.ConclusionsThese results suggest that higher fertility among religious mothers may be supported by high levels of investment from biological and affinal kin. Matrilineal kin, other siblings, and affinal kin seem to be the most responsive to a woman's religiosity. Our findings cast doubt on interpretations of women's religious behaviors as signals of fidelity, and instead suggest they may be part of strategies to enable collective allomaternal resources and higher relative fertility.
Aberrant behavior checklist in youth with Prader–Willi syndrome: Preliminary study of cross‐sectional and longitudinal behavior characterization
Authors: Kim Soo‐Jeong , Kim Lydia , Howard Waylon , McNulty Bridget , Salehi Parisa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by the loss of paternal genes on chromosome 15. The Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) is a standardized rating scale for assessing problematic behaviors in persons with developmental disabilities. Our study aims to describe ABC scores in youth with PWS and track their change over time. The analysis included 69 patients. Mean ABC scores were compared in four age groups (5–8, 9–12, 13–16, and 17–22 years). A statistically significant difference was found only in the Irritability subscale, with lower scores in the 5–8 age group compared to the 9–12 age group. For change over time, scores for Irritability, Lethargy, Stereotypic Behavior, Hyperactivity subscales, and Total score were likely to decrease after age 12. Irritability subscale scores of males were predicted to increase more than those of females between ages of 5 and 12 . The Lethargy score in the nondeletion group had a greater reduction than the deletion group in the 12–20 year range. This study highlights the need for systematic collection and characterization of behavioral data given the burden of maladaptive behaviors that often persist for a lifetime.
Revisiting Relativistic Electrically Charged Polytropic Spheres
Authors: Aceña Andrés , Cardin Guntsche Bruno , Gentile de Austria Iván 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe problem of the structure and physical properties of electrically charged static spherically symmetric solutions of the Einstein‐Maxwell system of equations is revisited, where the matter model is a polytropic gas. A relativistic polytrope equation of state (EOS) is considered and the electric charge density is assumed to be proportional to the rest mass density. Families of solutions corresponding to various sets of parameters are constructed and analyzed their stability and compliance with the causality requirement, emphasizing the possibility of obtaining black hole mimickers. Concretely, this study wants to test how much electric charge a given object can hold and how compact it can be. It is concluded that there is a microscopic bound on the charge density to rest mass density ratio coincident with the macroscopic bound regarding the extremal Reissner‐Nordström (ERN) black hole. The macroscopic charge to mass ratio for the object can exceed the corresponding microscopic ratio if the object is non‐extremal. Crucially, the only way to construct a black hole mimicker is by taking a subtle limit in which an electrically counterpoised dust (ECD) solution is attained.
Polyanionic Receptors for Carboxylates in Water
Authors: Ren Xudong , Flint Alister J. , Austin Daniel , Davis Anthony P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReceptors for carboxylate anions have many possible biomedical applications, including mimicry of the vancomycin group of antibiotics. However, binding carboxylates in water, the biological solvent, is highly challenging due to the hydrophilicity of these polar anions. Here we report, for the first time, the recognition of simple carboxylates such as acetate and formate in water by synthetic receptors with charge‐neutral binding sites. The receptors are solubilised by polyanionic side‐chains which, remarkably, do not preclude anion binding. The tricyclic structures feature two identical binding sites linked by polyaromatic bridges, capable of folding into closed, twisted conformations. This folding is hypothesised to preorganise the structures for anion recognition, mimicking the process which generates many protein binding sites. The architecture is suitable for elaboration into enclosed structures with potential for selective recognition of biologically relevant carboxylates.
The effect of feeding rate ratio on the properties of coaxial electrospun PLA/PEG nanofibers
Authors: Hu Baoji , Xu Feiyang , Zhao Ningbo , Zhai Manman , Ma Jingyu , Yue Wanli , Li Mengying , Wang Xu , Shao Weili 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn order to clarify the effect of feeding rate ratio (Rsr) for polylactic acid (PLA) to polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the performance of thermal regulation nanofibers, PLA and PEG solutions were used as the outer and inner spinning solutions, respectively, to develop PLA/PEG nanofibers (NFp‐p) through coaxial electrospinning. NFp‐p nanofibers with Rsr of 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 were labeled PR1, PR2, and PR3, respectively. The morphology, chemical structure, mechanical properties, and thermal performance of NFp‐p were tested, and the thermal regulation function was investigated. The results showed that increasing Rsr could increase the diameter of NFp‐p, with PR1 having the smallest average diameter (520 nm). PR1 had the lowest water contact angle (122.4°), and higher Rsr enhanced the encapsulation effect of PLA on PEG. The mechanical properties of NFp‐p were significantly improved compared to pure PLA, with PR1 and PR3 exhibiting the highest breaking stress (2.5 MPa) and breaking strain (213%). The thermal performance of NFp‐p could be regulated by Rsr, with PR1 showing a more pronounced endothermic peak due to the melting of PEG, and the highest phase‐change enthalpy (13.2 J/g). Lower Rsr enhanced the thermal regulation function of NFp‐p, and PR1 showed superior thermal regulation performance.