bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Idea wolności i ekspresja artystycznego buntu w nowoczesnej poezji hindi
Authors: Czekalska Renata 
Published: May 2015

The idea of freedom and the expression of artistic protest in modern Hindi poetry
Artistic expression of the idea of freedom in Hindi poetry of the first half of the 20th century evolved from a desire for political autonomy, through a need for social emancipation, towards a desire for freedom of artistic imagination. Since the notions of freedom and artistic individuality – understood in the European manner – did not exist in India, a demand for creative freedom meant not only breaking the accepted aesthetic and artistic rules through introducing a new style or the spoken idiom, but also by rejecting the world‑view, determined by the religious and philosophical tradition. This article presents some of the consequences of a distinctive artistic revolt, which on the philosophical level meant simply a desire for the signified to become one with the signifier, and on the strictly literary level – a desire for transgression beyond stereotypes (such as aesthetic cannon, style, etc.), towards the modern form of poetry existing in language.
„A po zawoju na głowie każdy stan poznać”
Authors: Wiącek Elżbieta 
Published: May 2015

Ethnicity as a Factor Shaping the Communicative Codes in Podróże i poselstwa polskie do Turcyi […] [Travells and Polish Diplomatic Mission in Turkey] by Erazm Otwinowski
Polish‑Turkish relations were historically strong, the official relations were established in the 15th century. Probably the best example how these relations looked like in 16th century, in the Jagiellonian dynasty’s time, is Travells and Polish Diplomatic Mission in Turkey written by Erazm Otwinowski. Born to a noble family, Otwinowski was a Polish Renaissance poet and Calvinist activist. He served for a Polish magnate Stanisław Tęczyński as secretary and diplomat. Otwinowski’s work is the diary written in 1557 during this diplomatic missions to Istanbul to the court of the sultan Suleyman the Great. Polish nobleman is confronted with the many customs typical for Ottoman Empire and with the savoir vivre of Topkapi Palace. In this article, I will examine Otwinowski’s diary proving that ethnic identity is the relative notion tightly connected with culture: the patterns of behavior, symbols and cultural practices shared by the society. I will analyze the text applying the semiotic perspective. I will argue that Otwinowski’s comments gives many examples that ethnicity is shaped by the way how we deal with sings. The ways how we put the sings into categories and how we interpret them help to establish the group identities. What we consider our identity is based not only on our idea who we are but also on the idea of the “Stranger”. As a result, we become aware of our ethnic identity when we get in contact with “Strangers”. The process of shaping the borders between ethnic groups is based on the signs which have been shared in certain social or political circumstances. I intend to focus on the notion of connotation because ethnicity is one of the influential factors shaping the connotations. I will also consider the codes of perception distinguished by Umberto Eco.
Taniec w kręgu: nowe i dawne communitas
Authors: Nowicka Ewa 
Published: May 2015

Circle Dance: Old and New Communitas
Circle dances are observed in various cultures and times. The paper indicates certain social, political and situational contexts of the phenomenon of communal circle dances in remote territories: Catalonia, Balcans, Sakha (Yakutia), Buriatya and USA. The author offers an interpretation of chosen cases in terms of Victor Turner’s concept of communitas. During the communal dances – sardana, corlu mari, yokhor, osuokhai and ghost dance – the idea of community, equality and unity is dominating over social structure divisions and resulting in forming the psychological and social communitas. This is why all analysed circle dances arise in the context of serious menace and destruction of ethnic integrity. Being together in a very literal sense through physical closeness during the same motoric behaviours, common singing produces feeling of power and unification, reinforcing social identity and affirmation to a group. Circle dances are analysed in association with attempts to preserve group cultural and often even biological integrity.
Przejawy mobilizacji politycznej tatarskiej zbiorowości etnokulturowej w Autonomicznej Republice Krymu w latach 1991‑2014
Authors: Kęsek Rafał 
Published: May 2015

Examples of Political Mobilization Tatar Ethno‑Cultural Communities in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in the Years 1991‑2014
In this article author analyzes process of political emancipation of the Crimean Tatars and describes the issue of self‑organization of the Crimean Tatars and the main structures and organizations created by the Tartar community. It focuses on internal political rivalries and external opposition to the Majlis and Kurultai. The text examines the results of the elections to the Kurultai, the Verkhovna Rada of The Autonomus Republic of Crimea and local government bodies in the years 2001‑2013. The author also examines the reaction of the Crimean Tatars on the annexation of the Crimea in 2014.
Stratyfikacja etnospołeczna w Azji Centralnej i jej wyzwania dla etnopolityki (na przykładzie Kazachstanu)
Authors: Wierzbicki Andrzej 
Published: May 2015

Ethnosocial Stratification in Central Asia and its Challenges for Ethnopolitics (the Case of Kazakhstan)
The article concerns different dimensions and criteria of ethnosocial stratification in Central Asia and its influence on ethnopolitics, concentrating on case Kazakhstan. The author considers theoretical aspects of the problem and pays attention to circumstances of forming ethno-social stratification and ethnic division of work. He tries to explain the principles of The Doctrine of The National Unity of Kazakhstan. Especially he pays attention to ethnic and sub‑ethnic division of work in authorities and state administration. He concentrates on factors and criteria of ethnic and sub-ethnic division of work. Author of the article underlines that ethno-social stratification can disturb of creation of nation of Kazakhstan as a civil community which is the aim of the state authorities.
Mniejszość niemiecka w życiu politycznym województwa opolskiego
Authors: Kuczała Agnieszka 
Published: May 2015

German Minority in Political Life of Opole Voivodeship
Since 1989 the German minority in Opole Silesia has developed a strong organisation with the well‑conducted structures in whole region. Generally speaking, its associations have brought together Silesian people who declared theirs German origins. The activities of this minority have a social and cultural dimension, but also a significant political aspect. Its leaders have become professional politicians and are present at all levels of polish political life: local, regional and even national. Despite the fact that this is the strongest national minority in Poland, its representatives in polish parliament are less and less numerous. During the campaign preceding the parliamentary election in 2011 the leaders of German minority revealed their intention to open their electoral proposal to all inhabitants of Opole voivodeship.
Bośniacko‑hercegowińska etnonacjonalna polityka w kontekście ustroju i przyszłości państwa
Authors: Zekić Marinko 
Published: May 2015

The Ethno‑politics and the Status of the Sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The underlying aim of the article is to contribute to the understanding the relation between ethnic claims and policies which determine social relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the debate on the current constitutional crisis in this country. The present ethno‑political regime heavily depends on the perpetual crisis as the primary source of political articulation and action. Though the Dayton Accords ended war and established peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the agreement did not create a functional central government, lacking the capacity to undertake the reforms needed to meet the terms of accession to the European Union. The peace treaty designed future state structures around the very ethnic‑based power struggles that shaped the conflict. As a result, ethnic‑based politics continued to dominate political space. These politics, combined with high levels of international oversight have distorted the state building process, and reduced democratization efforts. Today, Bosnia’s future is still uncertain. Political squabbles have seriously detracted from Bosnia’s ability to engage in reforms needed to boost its economy and move closer to the EU. Conflicting ambitions of national party leaders is an important factor in this failure. Representatives of an ethnic group can veto any decision that they feel does not accord with their interests. This means in effect that all major decisions have to be made by consensus among the main ethnic parties, which is often very difficult since they have fundamentally different views on Bosnia’s future. Although Bosnia and Herzegovina is currently not in danger of being dismembered, awareness that the country cannot survive without multi‑ethnic collaboration should remain one of the guiding principles for Bosnia’s ruling ethnically‑based political parties.
Być Bośniakiem – wokół aksjologicznych atrybutów bośniackiej tożsamości pogranicza
Authors: Pilarska Justyna 
Published: May 2015

Being a Bosnian – Axiological Attributes of the Bosnian Identity
The paper tackles the issue of contemporary, multicultural Bosnian society and the role played by axiological sphere in the process of establishing own cultural identity. Historical background of the Bosnian nation – and statehood establishment is necessary to provide a complete picture of the factors involved in identity‑shaping processes, basing on the axiological foundation that is worked out by the Bosnian society members during daily basis interactions. The research part presents excerpts from interviews carried out for the purpose of own research on Bosnian identity, reflecting the attitudes of Bosnian society towards the reconstruction of the meanings related to Bosnian identity as well as elements of the axiology on borderlands, enabling the society members to perceive the cultural sense of being a Boshnjak, indispensible while establishing own identity. Moreover, the presented research reveals the set of values shared by different representatives of Bosnian society, who – thanks to such common axiological foundation – are able to strike up intercultural relations.
Reviews Books
Authors: Cooper Ellie , Covey Dallis Frie , Lee Michael J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Rosebud Sleds and Horses' Heads: 50 of Films Most Evocative Objects, Scott Jordan Harris, (2013) Bristol: Intellect, 128pp., ISBN: 9781783200405 (pbk), $14.50
The Private Eye: Detectives in the Movies, Bran Nichol, (2013) London: Reaktion Books Ltd., 224pp., ISBN: 9781780231020 (pbk), $25.00
100 Science Fiction Films, Barry Keith Grant, (2013) London: Palgrave Macmillan, 224pp., ISBN: 9781844574575 (pbk), $20.00
Strong ergodicity, property (T),
and orbit equivalence rigidity for translation actions
Authors: Ioana Adrian 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
We study equivalence relations that arise from translation actions

Γ
↷
G

\Gamma\curvearrowright G

which are associated to dense embeddings

Γ
<
G

\Gamma<G

of countable groups into second countable locally compact groups. Assuming that G is simply connected and the action

Γ
↷
G

\Gamma\curvearrowright G

is strongly ergodic, we prove that

Γ
↷
G

\Gamma\curvearrowright G

is orbit equivalent to another such translation action

Λ
↷
H

\Lambda\curvearrowright H

if and only if there exists an isomorphism

δ
:

G
→
H

\delta:G\to H

such that

δ
⁢

(
Γ
)

=
Λ

\delta(\Gamma)=\Lambda

.
If G is moreover a real algebraic group, then we establish analogous rigidity results for the translation actions of Γ on homogeneous spaces of the form

G
/
Σ

G/\Sigma

, where

Σ
<
G

\Sigma<G

is either a discrete or an algebraic subgroup. We also prove that if G is simply connected and the action

Γ
↷
G

\Gamma\curvearrowright G

has property (T), then any cocycle

w
:

Γ
×
G

→
Λ

w:\Gamma\times G\to\Lambda

with values in a countable group Λ is cohomologous to a homomorphism

δ
:

Γ
→
Λ

\delta:\Gamma\to\Lambda

. As a consequence, we deduce that the action

Γ
↷
G

\Gamma\curvearrowright G

is orbit equivalent superrigid: any free nonsingular action

Λ
↷
Y

\Lambda\curvearrowright Y

which is orbit equivalent to

Γ
↷
G

\Gamma\curvearrowright G

, is necessarily conjugate to an induction of

Γ
↷
G

\Gamma\curvearrowright G

.
Counterpoise Mutual Voltage and Its Impacts on the HV Transmission UGOH Pole Earth Potential Rise
Authors: Nassereddine Mohamad , Rizk Jamal , Nagrial Mahmood , Hellany Ali 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
High-voltage earthing system design is required to ensure safety compliance and adequate operation of the high-voltage infrastructures. The transmission lines form a solid part of the high-voltage infrastructure. The underground to overhead (UGOH) pole earth grid is one of the main challenges when it comes to transmission line earthing system design. To ensure safety compliance at low cost, counterpoise earthing is used at the UGOH pole for the underground lines. The counterpoise aids in lowering the UGOH pole earth grid resistance. This paper addresses the counterpoise analysis as currently being studied. Furthermore, it introduces the counterpoise mutual voltage between the faulted phase and the counterpoise and its impact at the UGOH pole earth potential rise. Case study is included.
Foundations of processing instruction
Authors: VanPatten Bill 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper reviews six issues that are key to understanding processing instruction (PI): (1) the distinction between processing and noticing; (2) the nature of input processing; (3) the nature of language (i.e., what gets acquired); (4) the distinction between knowledge and skill; (5) the explicit/implicit “debate”; and (6) the distinction between method and intervention. The goal of the paper is to clarify misconceptions about the nature of PI and what it purports to effect, thus distinguishing it from other pedagogical interventions such as text enhancement, recasts, and dictoglosses. In so doing, the paper offers six summary statements that, together, form the foundations of PI.
The effects of re-exposure to instruction and the use of discourse-level interpretation tasks on processing instruction and the Japanese passive
Authors: Benati Alessandro 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis experimental study explores immediate and re-exposure effects of processing instruction on the acquisition of Japanese passive forms as measured by sentence-level and discourse-level tasks. The passive construction in Japanese is affected by learners' use of the First Noun Strategy. Participants were English native speakers and were randomly assigned to one of three groups (processing instruction, processing instruction and re-exposure, and one control group), with the aim of measuring discourse-level and re-exposure effects. Two sentence-level tasks (interpretation and production), and one discourse level task (interpretation) were used in this experiment. The main findings from the study show that L2 learners receiving processing instruction not only improved in their ability to interpret and produce the target feature at sentence level, but they can also use the target forms to interpret discourse. Learners receiving re-exposure to the processing instruction treatment further improve their performance on both sentence-level and discourse-level tasks in an immediate and delayed post-tests battery.
Primary and secondary effects of processing instruction on Spanish clitic pronouns
Authors: White Justin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of token item frequency in Structured Input activities on both a primary target form (Spanish accusative clitics) and a secondary target form (Spanish dative clitics). Participants included 460 adult learners enrolled in a beginning-level Spanish language course and they were exposed to either 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, or 140 target form tokens. This study included a pretest, immediate posttest, and a delayed posttest measuring interpretation and production of both primary and secondary target forms. Findings reveal that primary form interpretation effects across all frequencies, however, production findings present themselves with the 60 and 80 token groups only. Secondary form interpretation findings reveal themselves across all frequency levels with the exception of the lowest frequency investigated (40 tokens) and secondary form production mirror those found in previous studies on the same forms. As such, we discuss the theoretical and methodological ramifications of these findings as well as directions for future research.
Input, input processing, and output: A study with discourse-level input and the French causative
Authors: Wong Wynne 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study examines the effects of input-oriented instruction and instruction that involves cycles of input plus output via three learning conditions with discourse-level input: (1) an input-oriented task in the form of a structured input reading activity, (2) a reading activity with comprehension questions, and (3) an input plus output-oriented task in the form of a text reconstruction activity, on the learning of the French causative structure. Results revealed that participants who engaged in the structured input reading activity performed significantly better than those in the other two learning conditions on both an interpretation and a production task.
The effects of Processing Instruction on the acquisition of English simple past tense: Age and cognitive task demands
Authors: Benati Alessandro , Angelovska Tanja 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe present study investigates the effects of Processing Instruction on two different age groups and the role that cognitive task demands might play in the results generated by Processing Instruction. This study includes school-age children and adult native speakers of German learning English as a foreign language – a language combination not previously investigated within the Processing Instruction and individual differences research paradigm. The present study investigates directly whether two different age groups will benefit equally from Processing Instruction in altering their reliance on lexical temporal indicators and redirecting their attention to verb forms on Processing Instruction activities with different cognitive demands. The grammatical feature chosen for this study is the English past simple tense marking tested on both interpretation and production measures. The results from this study provide further evidence that the Processing Instruction is an effective instructional treatment in helping school-age children and adult L2 learners to make accurate form-meaning connections. The results from the first sentence-level interpretation task and the production task showed that Processing Instruction has positive and equal effects on both age groups (school-age learners and adults). The positive effects of instruction were maintained over the delayed post-test for both age groups who made similar gains on the immediate post-test. The results from the second (cognitively more complex) sentence-level interpretation task indicated that the adults made greater gains than school-age learners. However, both groups retained the positive effects of instruction over time. The difference in gains between the two age groups on the second sentence-level interpretation task can be explained in terms of cognitive processing load.
A commentary on processing instruction
Authors: Sharwood-Smith Michael 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe commentary takes the form of reflections occasioned by the debate carried out in the various contributions to this volume as also the related presentations and discussions that took place at the Symposium on Processing Instruction at the University of Greenwich in September, 2013. Rather than review each contribution the debate is be placed within a historical perspective and focus is on the changing relationship between two types of professional: a) those who seek to extend our understanding of second language acquisition and b) those whose main aim is to assist language instructors by applying insights from theoretical research and, by so doing, provide their profession with a modern scientific foundation. It is about the relationship between the ‘understanders’, on the one hand, and the ‘helpers’ on the other. The interaction between Input Processing Theory (IP)– the theory – and Processing Instruction (PI) – the application – provides an ideal background for such a discussion.
Swallowed glucocorticoid therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis in children does not suppress adrenal function
Authors: Philla Katherine Q. , Min Steve B. , Hefner Jody N. , Howard Robin S. , Reinhardt Brian J. , Nazareno Luz G. , Vogt Karen S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of chronic swallowed glucocorticoids on adrenal function during the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in children.Serum cortisol levels were obtained in children with EoE pre- and post-treatment with swallowed glucocorticoids. Exclusion criteria included those on any additional steroid therapy. Once diagnosed with EoE by esophageal biopsy, subjects were treated based on current standard of care with either swallowed fluticasone or budesonide. At the time of follow-up, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and blood sampling was repeated. Both pre- and post-treatment serum cortisol samples were collected fasting, between 07:00 and 10:00, and determined using a competitive binding method assay. The distribution of differences in cortisol levels between the pre- and post-treatment samples satisfied the assumption for normality and were subsequently analyzed using the paired t-test.Pre- and post-treatment serum cortisol levels were examined in 14 children who met clinical and histological diagnostic criteria for EoE. Mean age was 10.1 years (range 2–17 years) with 71% male and 29% female subjects. Swallowed glucocorticoid treatment included fluticasone in 79% and budesonide in 21% of subjects. Mean dosage of fluticasone was 704 μg daily (range 220–880 μg daily) and budesonide 0.8 mg daily (range 0.5–1 mg daily), along with a mean treatment length of 17 weeks (range 8–43 weeks). No significant difference in serum cortisol was found following treatment with swallowed fluticasone or budesonide (mean change 1.9 μg/dL, p=0.75, SD of the change=21.2).Swallowed glucocorticoid therapy does not appear to significantly affect the adrenal axis in children, and therefore, may represent a safe therapy for EoE.
A rare cause of fatal pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: Niemann-Pick disease type C2 and a novel mutation
Authors: Yaman Ayhan , Eminoğlu Fatma T. , Kendirli Tanıl , Ödek Çağlar , Ceylaner Serdar , Kansu Aydan , İnce Elif , Deda Gülhis 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNiemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a fatal autosomal recessive lipid storage disease associated with impaired trafficking of unesterified cholesterol and glycolipids in lysosomes and late endosomes. This disease is commonly characterized by hepatosplenomegaly and severe progressive neurological dysfunction. There are two defective genes that cause this illness. One of these genes is