bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unprecedented 1,14‐seco‐Crotofolanes from Croton insularis: Oxidative Cleavage of Crotofolin C by a Putative Homo‐Baeyer–Villiger Rearrangement
Authors: Maslovskaya Lidiya A. , Savchenko Andrei I. , Pierce Carly J. , Gordon Victoria A. , Reddell Paul W. , Parsons Peter G. , Williams Craig M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEBC‐162 isolated from Croton insularis, obtained from the northern rainforest of Australia, was structurally affirmed as crotofolin C (4). Novel oxidative degradation products, EBC‐233 and EBC‐300, which are the first crotofolane endoperoxides, were also isolated. Both endoperoxides were found to be stable intermediates, which are proposed to undergo an unprecedented homo‐Baeyer–Villiger biosynthetic rearrangement to give a new class of 1,14‐seco‐crotofolane diterpenes. Prolonged storage of all isolates assisted in authenticating their natural product status. Anticancer activities of reported compounds are presented.
Clinical risk factors for the development of hypertension in patients treated with inhibitors of the VEGF signaling pathway
Authors: Hamnvik Ole‐Petter R. , Choueiri Toni K. , Turchin Alexander , McKay Rana R. , Goyal Lipika , Davis Michael , Kaymakcalan Marina D. , Williams Jonathan S. 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDVEGF signaling pathway inhibitor (anti‐VEGF) therapy is associated with hypertension, but little is known about predisposing clinical characteristics. This study describes the real‐world association between baseline clinical characteristics, blood pressure (BP) response, and survival in patients prescribed anti‐VEGF therapies.METHODSClinical data from Partners HealthCare in Massachusetts was obtained from adults treated with anti‐VEGF therapies (2002‐2013). Treatment‐induced hypertensive response was defined as worsening of preexisting hypertension or new diagnosis of hypertension (if no prior hypertension history).RESULTSData from 1120 patients with renal cell carcinoma (32.2%), hepatocellular carcinoma (11.6%), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (12.5%), and other sarcomas (15.3%) were analyzed. Most patients received sunitinib (52%), sorafenib (25.9%), or pazopanib (18%). A treatment‐induced hypertensive response was identified in 49.7% of treated patients. Preexisting hypertension, present in 65.4%, was an independent risk factor for BP elevation (odds ratio [OR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27‐1.92); other risk factors included age ≥60 years (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.06‐1.52), and body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.53). Race, sex, anti‐VEGF therapy prescribed, and baseline antihypertensive class were not significant risk factors. The absolute observed mean increase in BP was 21 mm Hg (systolic)/15 mm Hg (diastolic), both in patients with and without preexisting hypertension. The development of hypertension predicted improved survival (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.65‐0.89).CONCLUSIONSPreexisting hypertension, age, and BMI identify patients at risk for significant anti‐VEGF therapy‐induced BP elevation. Hypertension appears to be a clinical biomarker of efficacy of anti‐VEGF therapies in a broad range of malignancies. Cancer 2015;121:311–9. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
The pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of inhaled fluticasone furoate and vilanterol administered alone or simultaneously as fluticasone furoate/vilanterol
Authors: Kempsford Rodger , Allen Ann , Bareille Philippe , Hamilton Melanie , Cheesbrough Anne 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the potential for systemic pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) interactions between inhaled fluticasone furoate (FF) and vilanterol (VI) when delivered simultaneously via the ELLIPTA™ dry powder inhaler (DPI).MethodsRandomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study. Healthy subjects (n = 16) received single doses of FF (800 mcg), VI (100 mcg), FF/VI (800/100 mcg), and placebo. Endpoints measured were systemic PD (FF: serum cortisol; VI: heart rate), FF and VI plasma PK (0–48 hours), pharyngometry, inhalation and breath hold profiles and safety assessments.ResultsTreatment differences [90% confidence interval (CI)] in weighted mean serum cortisol (0–24 hours) were 12.3% [4.4, 20.9] (FF/VI vs. FF) and for maximum heart rate (0–4 hours) were −1.2 bpm [−4.6, 2.1] (FF/VI vs. VI). When delivered simultaneously, FF and VI systemic exposures were slightly lower (<20%) versus delivery of either agent alone (although this was not a formal bioequivalence study). In vitro simulation of selected inhalation profiles and modeling supported the PK and PD findings. FF/VI, FF and VI were well tolerated with an AE incidence comparable to placebo.ConclusionsThese results suggest there was a slight PK interaction and no PD interactions of concern between inhaled FF and VI when delivered simultaneously via the ELLIPTA DPI in healthy subjects.
Effect of food on the bioavailability and tolerability of the JAK2‐selective inhibitor fedratinib (SAR302503): Results from two phase I studies in healthy volunteers
Authors: Zhang Meng , Xu Christine , Ma Lei , Shamiyeh Elias , Yin Jianyun , von Moltke Lisa L. , Smith William B. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFedratinib (SAR302503/TG101348) is a Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)‐selective inhibitor developed for treatment of patients with myelofibrosis. The effect of food intake on the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and tolerability of single‐dose fedratinib was investigated in two Phase I studies (FED12258: 100 mg or 500 mg under fasted or fed [high‐fat breakfast] conditions; ALI13451: 500 mg under fasted or fed [low‐ or high‐fat breakfast] conditions) in healthy male subjects. At the 500 mg dose the fed:fasted ratio estimate for area under the plasma concentration—time curve extrapolated to infinity was 0.96 (100 mg; high‐fat/fasted), 1.19–1.24 (500 mg; high‐fat/fasted), and 1.22 (500 mg; low‐fat/fasted). Fedratinib 500 mg attained peak plasma concentration 4 hours after a high‐fat breakfast and 2–2.5 hours after a low‐fat breakfast or under fasted conditions; terminal half‐life was 76–88 hours (fasted) and 73–78 hours (fed). The most frequent adverse events were mild gastrointestinal toxicities, the incidence of which decreased following a high‐fat breakfast compared with both fasted and low‐fat breakfast conditions (17%, 67%, and 59% of subjects, respectively, in ALI13451). In conclusion, food intake had minimal impact on the PKs of fedratinib, and the tolerability of this drug was improved when taken following a high‐fat breakfast.
Absolute oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of canagliflozin: A microdose study in healthy participants
Authors: Devineni Damayanthi , Murphy Joseph , Wang Shean‐Sheng , Stieltjes Hans , Rothenberg Paul , Scheers Ellen , Mamidi Rao N.V.S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAbsolute oral bioavailability of canagliflozin was assessed by simultaneous oral administration with intravenous [14C]‐canagliflozin microdose infusion in nine healthy men. Pharmacokinetics of canagliflozin, [14C]‐canagliflozin, and total radioactivity, and safety and tolerability were assessed at prespecified timepoints. On day 1, single‐dose oral canagliflozin (300 mg) followed 105 minutes later by intravenous [14C]‐canagliflozin (10 µg, 200 nCi) was administered. After oral administration, the mean (SD) Cmax of canagliflozin was 2504 (482) ng/mL at 1.5 hours, AUC∞ 17,375 (3555) ng.h/mL, and t1/2 11.6 (0.70) hours. After intravenous administration, the mean (SD) Cmax of unchanged [14C]‐canagliflozin was 17,605 (6901) ng/mL, AUC∞ 27,100 (10,778) ng.h/mL, Vdss 83.5 (29.2) L, Vdz 119 (41.6) L, and CL 12.2 (3.79) L/h. Unchanged [14C]‐canagliflozin and metabolites accounted for about 57% and 43% of the plasma total [14C] radioactivity AUC∞, respectively. For total [14C] radioactivity, the mean (SD) Cmax was 15,981 (2721) ng‐eq/mL, and AUC∞ 53,755 (15,587) ng‐eq.h/mL. Renal (34.5% in urine) and biliary (34.1% in feces) excretions were the major elimination pathways for total [14C] radioactivity. The absolute oral bioavailability of canagliflozin was 65% (90% confidence interval: 55.41; 76.07). Overall, oral canagliflozin 300 mg coadministered with intravenous [14C]‐canagliflozin (10 µg) was generally well‐tolerated in healthy men, with no treatment‐emergent adverse events.
Population pharmacokinetics of recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein
Authors: Nestorov Ivan , Neelakantan Srividya , Ludden Thomas M , Li Shuanglian , Jiang Haiyan , Rogge Mark 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPopulation pharmacokinetics (PK) of FVIII activity‐time profiles following recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein (rFVIIIFc) and recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) dosing were evaluated in previously treated patients with severe hemophilia A (from two clinical trials). Potential covariates that may be determinants of variability in FVIII activity were identified. A 2‐compartment model adequately described the PK of both compounds. von Willebrand Factor (VWF) concentration was the major covariate for rFVIIIFc clearance, reflecting its protective role in FVIII activity clearance. The effect of body weight and hematocrit on the central volume of distribution of rFVIIIFc was minor. The results of these analyses confirmed that rFVIIIFc clearance (1.65 dL/h) is much lower than that of rFVIII (2.53 dL/h), while the steady state volumes of distribution were similar. The strong positive correlations between the PK parameters of rFVIIIFc and rFVIII suggest that individuals who have high time‐related PK characteristics with rFVIII are likely to have comparable characteristics with rFVIIIFc. Steady‐state activity‐time profiles for selected rFVIIIFc dosing regimens were simulated accounting for uncertainty in model parameters. These population PK analyses and simulations provide a comprehensive characterization of the PK of rFVIIIFc and rFVIII and may be useful for designing dosing regimens.
SCRRM: a stability‐aware cooperative routing scheme for reliable high‐speed data transmission in multi‐rate mobile ad hoc wireless networks
Authors: The Dung Le , An Beongku 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a Stability‐aware Cooperative Routing scheme for Reliable high‐speed data transmission in Multi‐rate mobile ad hoc wireless networks, called SCRRM, to provide high data transmission with stable and reliable routes. The main features and contributions of our proposed routing scheme are as follows: First, we use the cross‐layer concept with network layer, media access control (MAC) layer, and physical (PHY) layer. Second, a stable routing path based on link lifetime calculated from node mobility information is selected as the main routing path. Third, we use the received signal strength indicator (RSSI), PHY delay, and MAC delay for adaptively choosing relay and appropriate data rate. Fourth, we derive mathematical models to investigate the tradeoff between point‐to‐point transmission rates and the corresponding effective transmission ranges. The performance evaluation through analysis and simulation demonstrates that our proposed routing scheme can adaptively select optimal data rate and outperforms single‐rate routing protocol in terms of packet delivery ratio, network throughput, and average end‐to‐end delay in all settings of node density and node mobility. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insight into Local Structure and Molecular Dynamics in Organic Solid‐State Ionic Conductors
Authors: Zhu Haijin , Chen Fangfang , Jin Liyu , O'Dell Luke A. , Forsyth Maria 
Published: September 2014

AbstractElucidating the rate and geometry of molecular dynamics is particularly important for unravelling ion‐conduction mechanisms in electrochemical materials. The local molecular motions in the plastic crystal 1‐ethyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate ([C2mpyr][BF4]) are studied by a combination of quantum chemical calculations and advanced solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. For the first time, a restricted puckering motion with a small fluctuation angle of 25° in the pyrrolidinium ring has been observed, even in the low‐temperature phase (−45 °C). This local molecular motion is deemed to be particularly important for the material to maintain its plasticity, and hence, its ion mobility at low temperatures.
3D morphometry of red blood cells by digital holography
Authors: Memmolo Pasquale , Miccio Lisa , Merola Francesco , Gennari Oriella , Netti Paolo Antonio , Ferraro Pietro 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThree dimensional (3D) morphometric analysis of flowing and not‐adherent cells is an important aspect for diagnostic purposes. However, diagnostics tools need to be quantitative, label‐free and, as much as possible, accurate. Recently, a simple holographic approach, based on shape from silhouette algorithm, has been demonstrated for accurate calculation of cells biovolume and displaying their 3D shapes. Such approach has been adopted in combination with holographic optical tweezers and successfully applied to cells with convex shape. Nevertheless, unfortunately, the method fails in case of specimen with concave surfaces. Here, we propose an effective approach to achieve correct 3D shape measurement that can be extended in case of cells having concave surfaces, thus overcoming the limit of the previous technique. We prove the new procedure for healthy red blood cells (RBCs) (i.e., discocytes) having a concave surface in their central region. Comparative analysis of experimental results with a theoretical 3D geometrical model of RBC is discussed in order to evaluate accuracy of the proposed approach. Finally, we show that the method can be also useful to classify, in terms of morphology, different varieties of RBCs. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Dispersal and spatial heterogeneity allow coexistence between enemies and protective mutualists
Authors: Poisot Timothée , Bever James D. , Thrall Peter H. , Hochberg Michael E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractProtective mutualisms, where a symbiont reduces the negative effects of another species on a shared host, represent a common type of species interaction in natural communities, yet it is still unclear what ecological conditions might favor their emergence. Studies suggest that the initial evolution of protective mutualists might involve closely related pathogenic variants with similar life histories, but different competitive abilities and impacts on host fitness. We derive a model to evaluate this hypothesis and show that, in general, a protective variant cannot spread from rarity or exclude a more pathogenic strain. While the conditions allowing mutualist invasion are more likely with increased environmental productivity, they still depend on initial densities in the invaded patch exceeding a threshold, highlighting the likely importance of spatial structure and demographic stochasticity. Using a numerical simulation approach, we show that regional coexistence is in fact possible in an explicitly spatial system and that, under some circumstances, the mutualist population can exclude the enemy. More broadly, the establishment of protective mutualists may be favored when there are other life‐history differences from more pathogenic symbionts, such as vertical transmission or additional direct benefits to hosts.
“We have no quarrel with you”: Effects of group status on characterizations of “conflict” with an outgroup
Authors: Livingstone Andrew G. , Sweetman Joseph , Bracht Eva M. , Haslam S. Alexander 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn three studies, we examined the effect of intergroup status on group members' tendencies to characterize the ingroup's relationship with an outgroup as conflictual following outgroup action. Findings from all three studies supported the prediction that the intergroup relationship would be characterized as less conflictual when the ingroup had relatively high rather than low status. Consistent with the hypothesis that the effect of status reflects strategic concerns, it was moderated by the perceived relevance of the outgroup's action to intergroup status relations (study 1), it was sensitive to audience (study 2), and it was partially mediated by status management concerns (study 3). The role of strategic, status‐related factors in intergroup relations is discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the Histamine Electrochemical Oxidation Catalyzed by Nickel Sulfate
Authors: Koita Démo , Tzedakis Theodore , Kane Cheikhou , Diaw Mahy , Sock Oumar , Lavedan Pierre 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThin layer technique was applied to the indirect anodic oxidation of histamine, catalyzed by NiSO4. Coulometric determination of the electron number demonstrates that histamine complexes Ni(II) and resulting adducts can be electrochemically oxidized in a single‐electron reaction, to lead Ni(III)‐histamine. The system Ni(III)/Ni(II) acts as ‘redox mediator’ for histamine oxidation. The equilibrium constant of the Ni(II)‐histamine complex formation was 106 , value showing the strong affinity between species. High content of histamine (>0.1 M), detected in fresh fish (previously exposed to the sun) extracts, showing potentialities for future design of a sensor for direct measurement in fish.
Novel Nickel Redox Polymer as an Efficient Electrode Material for Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Wu Liping , Gao Yansha , Xu Jingkun , Lu Limin , Nie Tao 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA novel redox polymer comprised of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid‐Ni2+ (EDTA‐Ni) complex serving as doping anions has been synthesised by a facile one‐step electrochemical approach and utilized as an efficient electrode material for sensitive luteolin detection. The morphology, chemical structure and composition of the redox polymer were analyzed by SEM, UV‐vis and FT‐IR spectrum. Electrochemical tests revealed that the redox polymer was highly electrochemically reversible and exhibited good electrocatalytic activity to the redox reactions of luteolin with a linear range covering from 1 nM to 10 µM with a low detection limit of 0.3 nM of luteolin.
Electrochemical Properties of the Oxo‐Manganese‐Phenanthroline Complex Immobilized on Ion‐Exchange Polymeric Film and Its Application as Biomimetic Sensor for Sulfite Ions
Authors: Machini Wesley B. S. , Teixeira Marcos F. S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA biomimetic sensor containing the oxo‐bridged dinuclear manganese‐phenanthroline complex incorporated into a cation‐exchange polymeric film deposited onto glassy carbon electrode for detection of sulfite was studied. Cyclic voltammetry at the modified electrode in universal buffer showed a two electron oxidation/reduction of the couple MnIV(μ‐O)2MnIV/MnIII(μ‐O)2MnIII. The sensor exhibited electrocatalytic property toward sulfite oxidation with a decrease of the overpotential of 450 mV compared with the glassy carbon electrode. A plot of the anodic current versus the sulfite concentration for potential fixed (+0.15 V vs. SCE) at the sensor was linear in the 4.99×10−7 to 2.49×10−6 mol L−1 concentration range and the concentration limit was 1.33×10−7 mol L−1. The mediated mechanism was derived by MichaelisMenten kinetics. The calculated kinetics values were MichaelisMenten rate constant=${K{{{\rm app}\hfill \atop {\rm M}\hfill}}}$=1.33 µmol L−1, catalytic rate constant=6.06×10−3 s−1 and heterogeneous electro‐chemical rate constant=3.61×10−5 cm s−1.
First Electrochemical Report for Simultaneous Determination of Norepinephrine, Tyrosine and Nicotine Using a Nanostructure Based Sensor
Authors: Molaakbari Elahe , Mostafavi Ali , Beitollahi Hadi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA carbon paste electrode was modified with ZnO nanorods and 3‐(4′‐amino‐3′‐hydroxy‐biphenyl‐4‐yl)‐acrylic acid (3,4′AAZCPE) to cause electrocatalysis of norepinephrine oxidation. It has been found that the oxidation of norepinephrine at the surface of modified electrode occurs at a potential of about 180 mV less positive than that of an unmodified carbon paste electrode. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) exhibits linear dynamic range from 1.0×10−7 to 8.0×10−5 M and a detection limit of 3.9×10−8 M for norepinephrine. In addition, this modified electrode was used for simultaneous determination of norepinephrine, tyrosine and nicotine.
Dimethyl Ether Synthesis from Syngas over the Admixed Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalyst and Alkaline Earth Oxide‐Modified HZSM‐5 Zeolite
Authors: Mao Dongsen , Guo Xiaoming 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHZSM‐5 zeolites modified with various alkaline earth oxides (MgO, CaO, and BaO) were prepared by using impregnation and mixed physically with Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 to perform the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from syngas in a pressurized fixed‐bed under continuous flow conditions. The results indicated that the modification effectively enhanced the DME selectivity; MgO and CaO are more effective modifiers than BaO and they improved the DME selectivity up to 67 % as compared to only 54 % over the parent HZSM‐5. Moreover, the catalyst prepared from magnesium nitrate exhibits higher DME selectivity than those prepared from magnesium acetate and chloride. The enhancement in the DME selectivity resulted from the effective suppression of hydrocarbon and CO2 formation, which can be attributed to the significant decline in the amount of strong acid sites of the HZSM‐5 zeolite resulting from the modification.
An Efficient Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution System using Silicon Nanomaterials with Ultra‐High Aspect Ratios
Authors: Lee Duck Hyun , Kobaku Sai P. R. , Hong Young‐Rae , Kwon Jae Young 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe fabricated ultra‐high aspect ratio silicon nanomaterials, including a silicon nanomesh and silicon nanowire array, on a wafer scale for efficient photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. These silicon nanomaterials (feature size≈20 nm) possess a high aspect ratio to increase the optical absorptivity of the cells to approximately 95 % over a broad range of wavelengths. The silicon nanomesh and Si nanowire cells achieved high photocurrent values of 13 and 28 mA cm−2, respectively, which are increased by 200 % and 570 % in comparison to their bulk counterparts. In addition, these scalable Si nanomaterials remained stable for up to 100 min of hydrogen evolution. Detailed studies on the doping and geometrical structures of the resulting hydrogen evolution cells suggest that both the n+ pp+ doping and thickness of nanostructures are keys to the enhancement of the hydrogen evolution efficiency. The results obtained in this work show that these silicon nanomaterials can be used for high‐performance water‐splitting system applications.
Optimization on drying conditions of a solar electrohydrodynamic drying system based on desirability concept
Authors: Dalvand Mohammad Jafar , Mohtasebi Seyed Saeid , Rafiee Shahin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to present a new drying method for agricultural products. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) has been applied for drying of agricultural materials due to several advantages such as energy saving, low cost equipment, low drying temperatures, and superior material quality. To evaluate this method, an EHD dryer based on solar (photovoltaic) energy was designed and fabricated. Moreover, the optimum condition for the EHD drying of kiwi fruit was studied by applying the Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology. The desirability function was applied for optimization in case of single objective and multiobjective functions. By using the multiobjective optimization method, maximum desirability value of 0.865 was obtained based on the following: applied voltage of 15 kV, field strength of 5.2 kV cm−1, without forced air stream, and finally a combination of 17 discharge electrodes (needles). The results indicated that increasing the applied voltage from 6 to 15 kV, moisture ratio (MR) decreased, though energy efficiency and energy consumption were increasing. On the other hand, field strength of 5.2 kV cm−1 was the optimal point in terms of MR.