bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the output of parallel exponential service channels
Authors: Read Robert R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe paper treats the output process of a service center that has a large number of independent exponential channels in parallel. Initially all channels are working and there is a fixed backlog of items awaiting service. The moments are derived and central limit theorems are developed. Problems of computation are discussed and suitable formulae are developed. The joint distribution of the output of the center with the center's total busy time and total idle time are derived. Normal approximations to these distributions are presented.
Post‐traumatic Growth in the Italian Experience of Long‐term Disease‐free Cancer Survivors
Authors: Cormio C. , Romito F. , Giotta F. , Mattioli V. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCancer survivors often report post‐traumatic growth. Since culture influences the development of post‐traumatic growth, the aims of this study were to measure the prevalence of post‐traumatic growth in Italian long‐term disease‐free and treatment‐free cancer survivors (≥5 years) and explore the relationship between post‐traumatic growth and sociodemographic and clinical variables.Three hundred sixty long‐term disease‐free and treatment‐free cancer survivors were assessed with Post‐traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Brief COPE and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS).Mean age was 58.6 years, and mean survival was 11 years (range 5–32). The PTGI average total score was higher in younger survivors, in those without comorbidities, in survivors engaged in physical activity. Positive correlation between PTGI and Brief COPE and between PTGI and MSPSS were found. The variables more associated with post‐traumatic growth were age, comorbidity, physical activity and two coping subscales.The prevalence of post‐traumatic growth in this sample of cancer survivors was lower than previous studies. We discussed some possible explanations, including the consideration that cultural differences may affect the development of post‐traumatic growth in cancer survivors.Having less comorbidities, receiving social support from friends, having the ability to adaptively cope and engaging in physical activity were found to be strongly associated with post‐traumatic growth. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zebrafish Stem/Progenitor Factor msi2b Exhibits Two Phases of Activity Mediated by Different Splice Variants
Authors: Hochgreb-Hägele Tatiana , Koo Daniel E. S. , Das Neha M. , Bronner Marianne E. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The Musashi (Msi) family of RNA-binding proteins is important in stem and differentiating cells in many species. Here, we present a zebrafish gene/protein trap line gt(msi2b-citrine)ct57a that expresses a Citrine fusion protein with endogenous Msi2b. Our results reveal two phases of Msi2b expression: ubiquitous expression in progenitor cells in the early embryo and later, tissue-specific expression in differentiating cells in the olfactory organ, pineal gland, and subpopulations of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, this division between early and late phases is paralleled by differential expression of msi2b alternative splicing products. Whereas the full-length and long variant v3 Msi2b predominate at early stages, the later expression of variants in differentiating tissues appears to be tissue specific. Using the gt(msi2b-citrine)ct57a, we characterized tissue-specific expression of Msi2b with cellular resolution in subsets of differentiating cells in the olfactory organ, pineal gland, CNS, and ventral neural tube. By performing transcription activator-like effectors nuclease-mediated biallelic genome editing or morpholino knockdown of Msi2b in zebrafish, our results show that early inactivation of Msi2b results in severe embryonic defects including hypertrophy of the ventricles and shortening of the body, consistent with an important role in cell proliferation and survival. Moreover, specific inactivation of Msi2b full-length indicates that this species is essential for the early role of Msi2b. This line provides a valuable tool both for live imaging of the endogenous Msi2b at subcellular resolution and manipulation of Msi2b-expressing cells. Stem Cells 2014;32:558–571
Co-phenylcaine Forte spray: innovative ways of minimising cost
Authors: Gungadeen A , Ramakrishnan Y , Cocks H C 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjective:To investigate whether multiple-use Co-phenylcaine Forte®spray was more cost-effective than single-use vials.Methods:A literature review was conducted to determine the risk of cross-contamination associated with multiple-use topical nasal anaesthetic spray. The costs of multiple-use Co-phenylcaine Forte and single-use co-phenylcaine were compared, and potential savings were calculated. The cost of procuring these drugs from other sources was also examined.Results:Switching to multiple-use Co-phenylcaine Forte spray would lead to at least 40 per cent savings if bought from our local retailer. Potential savings of more than 70 per cent could be made if the drugs were procured from sources other than our local distributor.Conclusion:Multiple-use Co-phenylcaine Forte spray is safe to use and more cost-effective than single-use vials. This paper illustrates how money can be saved within the National Health Service through changes in drug procurement. Similar cost savings to those calculated for our department could be made in other ENT departments nationally, depending on their annual consumption of co-phenylcaine.
Escaping the Curse of Economic Self-interest: An Individual-level Analysis of Public Support for the Welfare State in Japan
Authors: SUMINO TAKANORI 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDespite the general consensus that individualistic utility-optimising behaviour reduces popular support for the welfare state, we still know little about how and to what extent such negative effects of self-interested calculus are mediated by other attitudinal factors, particularly solidaristic values and principles. Using individual-level data from the Japanese General Social Survey, this study seeks not only to qualify existing findings on welfare preference formation but also to explore the hypothesis that the negative impact of economic self-interest is offset or moderated by solidarity-oriented values and beliefs. The author finds that the oft-made claim that material interest and individualistic ideologies undermine welfare support can be replicated in the context of Japan. The results also provide evidence in support of the liberal nationalist contention that popular discourse on welfare is significantly directed by a sense of national unity. Data from Japan also elucidate the fact that a strong sense of social trust significantly weakens the salience of self-oriented cost–benefit calculations. These findings suggest that solidarity-related variables such as national identity and interpersonal trustworthiness should receive more attention in future research on welfare attitudes.
Linking brain imaging signals to visual perception
Authors: WELCHMAN ANDREW E. , KOURTZI ZOE 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe rapid advances in brain imaging technology over the past 20 years are affording new insights into cortical processing hierarchies in the human brain. These new data provide a complementary front in seeking to understand the links between perceptual and physiological states. Here we review some of the challenges associated with incorporating brain imaging data into such “linking hypotheses,” highlighting some of the considerations needed in brain imaging data acquisition and analysis. We discuss work that has sought to link human brain imaging signals to existing electrophysiological data and opened up new opportunities in studying the neural basis of complex perceptual judgments. We consider a range of approaches when using human functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify brain circuits whose activity changes in a similar manner to perceptual judgments and illustrate these approaches by discussing work that has studied the neural basis of 3D perception and perceptual learning. Finally, we describe approaches that have sought to understand the information content of brain imaging data using machine learning and work that has integrated multimodal data to overcome the limitations associated with individual brain imaging approaches. Together these approaches provide an important route in seeking to understand the links between physiological and psychological states.
Presidential Address
Authors: Sturge W. Allen 
Published: October 2013

Let me congratulate you on the formation of this Society. It is high time that here in England we should begin to draw together, in one district at any rate, those who are interesting themselves in the absorbing but difficult study of the early ages of the human race before the dawn of history.There can be no question but that of late years our country has dropped behind some of its neighbours in the attention paid to the subject, and it is time that we began to wake up. Forty years ago we were in the forefront. Evans was producing his immortal work on the “Ancient Stone Implements of Great Britain.” Christy, in collaboration with his great French confrere Lartet, was carrying out the investigations in the cave deposits of Dordogne which weie the principal foundation for the generalisations of Gabriel de Mortillet, that, with many additions due to French workers, hold their own to-day. Lartet and Christy's work was summed up in the important volume of “Reliquiae Aquitanicae,” published in 1875. Pengelley was carrying on his masterly investigation of the deposits in Kent's Cavern at Torquay; whilst Boyd Dawkins was, with others, digging in Hie caves of Derbyshire and Yorkshire, and proving the existence thus far North of the cave-men of Palaeolithic age, hitherto associated chiefly with the Dordogne district.
The Chipping of Flints by Natural Agencies
Authors: Haward F. N. 
Published: October 2013

In 1884 I was initiated into the study ot flint and its fracture while accompanying Mr. John French, of Felstead, Essex, on his rambles alter “Chipped Flints,” some of which were for many years accepted as Palæolithic implements. From 1887-92 my apprenticeship continued under the late John Allen Brown, F.G.S., who did so much pioneer work among the Thames gravels. From those days to the present I have spent most of my spare time “Flint-hunting” in Essex, East Anglia, and the London District.From 1896 to 1900 (in view of the geological positions in which they were found), I gradually became dissatisfied with the law laid down by authorities, that facetted flints and bulbous flakes were prıma facie evidence of Man; and I began to wonder whether man had really made them, or whether Nature in her diverse methods had chipped them during the more recent geological formations. These doubts were strengthened in 1906 by the discovery that my treasured Palæos from Felstead were probably derived from the base of the Westleton gravels, which out-cropped near the fields in which we found them. In a pit I found chipped and facetted flints of absolutely meaningless shape.
Some Saxon Remains found near Stoke Ferry
Authors: Warburton J. S. 
Published: October 2013

In October last, I was visiting the gravel pits in this neighbourhood, and on reaching one in the parish of Wretton, about half a mile west of Stoke Ferry, one of the men mentioned some bones and an iron spearhead they had found some time previously. I asked to see them, and was taken to another part of the workings, where on a ledge near the surface of the ground was a small hole dug into the face of the pit. Projecting from the hole was a large bone, and stuck into the earth at the side, the spearhead. As they seemed to value their find very lightly, I gave the men a trifle and brought away the articles, asking them to keep any further finds for me.Some six weeks after, I paid them another visit. Nothing further had been done at this particular spot; two of the men, however, volunteered to dig into the side and see if there was anything else. At the first blow of the pick another large bone was unearthed, a practically complete femur. Soon after this an iron knife blade came to light, then on the right side of the body an iron shield boss, and near the head a small iron knife. No other relics were found beyond a few pieces of bone, all with the exception of the two femurs in a very friable state. Three small pieces of the cranium were all that remained of that part. One arm appeared to have been extended above the head, as part of a humerus was lying upright on the remains of the skull. The spearhead must have been near the feet, as it was found first.
The Discovery of a Flint “Workshop-Floor” in Ivry Street, Ipswich
Authors: Moir J. Reid 
Published: October 2013

The discovery to which this paper refers was made by a series of very fortunate circumstances. A resident in Ivry Street, in the northern portion of Ipswich, was having an inspection pit sunk for his motor car, and during the excavation his gardener, who is familiar with humanly-worked flints, found a number of long flakes at a depth of about three feet from the surface of the ground. These he fortunately preserved and gave to my workman Baxter; who brought them to me.I at once paid a visit to the site and, owing to the kindness of Mr. Makepeace, the occupant of the house in Ivry Street, was enabled to conduct a series of excavations and to find the various specimens which it is my purpose to describe.
A Series of Mineralised Bone Implements of a Primitive Type from Below the Base of the Red and Coralline Crags of Suffolk
Authors: Moir J. Reid 
Published: October 2013

The object of this paper is to describe and illustrate a series of heavily mineralised bone implements of a primitive type which (in the case of the Red Crag) have been found associated with numerous humanly-fashioned flints during diggings conducted in the detritusbed below the base of the Red and Coralline “Crags” of Suffolk.The author is fully aware of his heterodoxy in claiming that bone was utilised in implement-making at such a remote period as that to which any pre-Crag remains must be referred, but having conducted a number of experiments in which mineralised and unmineralised bones were subjected to the effects of fortuitous blows and pressure, and after having fractured numerous modern shank bones of the bullock by striking and cutting them with flints and other stones held in the hand with a view of thus shaping them to the forms of the sub-Crag examples, he is compelled to regard these latter specimens as undoubted works of man.
“Coast Finds” by Major Moore at Felixstowe Ferry
Authors: Layard Nina F. 
Published: October 2013

The series of implements which the writer is describing is the result of seven years' research by Major Moore, of Walton, at the mouth of the river Deben on the Felixstowe side of Bawdsey Ferry.Major Moore was the first to discover that in the heaped-up shingles which are continually shifting at this spot, many rolled and abraded flints showing human workmanship are included. As in the case of the Larne coast finds in Ireland, most of the flints have a white or creamy-white lustrous surface, though in some examples they are ochreous or even black.The large majority consist of flakes and spalls, and are the refuse of a prehistoric flint factory, but among them are undoubted tools. To what culture they belong is the riddle, which we can only hope to solve by a better acquaintance with them.
Further Note on Workshop Floor near Porthcurno
Authors: Marsden J. G. 
Published: October 2013

At the meeting held last December there was read a short note on a “Workshop Floor near Porthcurno, Cornwall.” During the past summer I dug up some of the ground round this site and obtained about 1000 pieces of flint; generally they were sparsely scattered, but here and there considerable numbers were found close together. In character and condition they were similar to those previously obtained, though it was noticeable that more implements and well-shaped flakes prevailed.In the previous note no mention was made of the finding of:— 1. Six unbroken flint nodules, of which five had the crust rolled and battered. These may have come from one of the beaches in the district, where such nodules are to be found, though elsewhere rare. 2. Several long flat pieces of fine grained grit with naturally-rounded sides and ends. Three of these had one end bevelled. Recently one having both ends bevelled has come to hand. Perhaps they are Rubbers. Most of the specimens now exhibited were obtained in the later diggings. Mr. Reginald Smith kindly examined some of them, and his remarks, in inverted commas, are included in the descriptions. Dimensions are given in inches.
The Gravel at No Man's Land Common, Hertfordshire
Authors: Peake A. E. 
Published: October 2013

In the County of Herts., gravel is worked for road metal in many places, and in 1915, when staying at Harpenden, I was able to give some attention to a spot not far from that place, already known to me from descriptions in Evans' “Stone Implements,” and Worthington Smith's “Primeval Man,” viz., No Man's Common.This common extends over the face of a shallow valley, now dry, which as Sir J. Evans (“Ancient Stone Implements,” p. 602) remarks, was formerly the course of a stream, either the Lea itself or one of its branches. Two sections have been opened at this spot, one superficial, the other deep and extensive. It is from the latter—from which an immense amount of gravel has been removed—that I obtained the implements described in this paper. The common lies about a mile south of Wheathampstead.
Surface Implements of a Late Palæolithic Site
Authors: Hill Major J. D. 
Published: October 2013

Early in 1917, when near Abbeville for a few days, I carried out certain expeditions with the idea of searching the river gravels around that district. As any form of trenching was out of the question owing to the time at my disposal, I had to content myself with surface finds.In this I was very successful, finding no fewer than 144 implements and some 300 odd worked flakes in 3 days. The patination of the implements, from this site, ranges from pure white to a yellow-white shade. The patination in non-lustrous and in most cases the implements are heavily stained with iron.No implement was found with any trace of polish and all were unrolled. The site, which lies S.E. of the village of Hallencourt (Dept. Somme), was very restricted, extending about 200 square yards, outside of which no trace of implements or worked flakes was to be found, although many flints existed. Captain Malcolm, R.A.M.C., and myself searched the lower surface and found nothing, all the finds being on the highest ground. The site is between the 100 metres and the 120 metres contour line, and at the actual spot is 109 metres (357.5 feet), as near as can be ascertained.
More about Windmill Hill, Avebury, and Grime's Graves
Authors: Kendall H. G. O. 
Published: October 2013

In the Proceedings for 1915–16, Vol. II., p. 230, evidence was given which seems to show that the chipped flints of Windmill Hill, Avebury, belong to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. Thirtynine implements were illustrated, bearing very close resemblance to specimens from Grime's Graves, illustrated in the Report; and showing that the same types were made, and that the same style of workmanship prevailed at both sites. The conclusion was drawn that Grime's Graves is not earlier than the Neolithic Age.In the Proceedings for 1916–17, Vol. II., p. 339, in an important paper, Mr. W. G. Clarke gave other evidence supporting the view of a Neolithic date for Grime's Graves.In the present paper, further evidence is brought forward pointing to Neolithic (and Bronze Age) dates for the Windmill Hill flints, and, therefore, also, for Grime's Graves; by reason, as aforesaid, of the close resemblance between the chipped flints from the two sites.
Cone Cultures at the Land's End
Authors: Marsden J. G. 
Published: October 2013

Cones are distributed more or less over the surface of the Land's End district, and, in certain well-defined spots, varying in area from a few square yards to one or two acres, they occur abundantly. On the accompanying rough sketch map some of these spots are marked, letters being used for the “major” and figures for the “minor” sites, i.e., those which have hitherto yielded over or under 50 Cones respectively.In the following list of sites, the figure after each name indicates the site's approximate height in feet above sea-level:—G, Greeb, 160; S, Stamps, 200; R, Roskestal, 200; P, Pednmên-an-mere, 180; 1, Pordenack, 180; 2, Skewjack, 250; 3, Brew, 270; 4, Trevean, 250; 5, Tolpednpenwith, 150; 6, Churchtown, 200; 7, Trewey, 290; 8, Treen, 200; 9, Boscean, 220; and 10, Trevedren, 300. Most of these sites are near to the sea and are invariably in the immediate vicinity of streams or springs.
The Origin of the “Rostro-Carinate Implements” and other Chipped Flints from the Basement Beds of East Anglia
Authors: Haward F. N. 
Published: October 2013

It is not necessary to dispute the existence of a Rostro-Carinate type of undoubtedly human manufacture. It occurs occasionally in the Late Stone Age. I have several in my own Collection which are probably fabricators and triangular implements of Neolithic Age.My criticism applies solely to certain so-called “Humanly-made Implements” from the Basement Beds of East Anglia, which I consider bear only a superficial resemblance to the undoubted specimens. While the latter stand every investigation as to the characteristics of the chipping itself, the former, though they may bear some resemblance, will not, to my mind and that of many other students, stand critical examination.Sir E. Ray Lankester, F.R.S., in his monograph on “The Test Specimen of the Rostro-Carinate Industry found beneath the Norwich Crag” (see Plate XV, E), claimed the “Rostro-Carinate” as a new type of “Implement” made by Man of a much greater antiquity than the Palæolithic Period.
Windmill Hill, Avebury, and Grime's Graves: Cores and Choppers
Authors: Kendall H. G. O. 
Published: October 2013

In a former paper (Proceedings, Vol. II., Pt. IV.), a description was given of some lumps and cores from Windmill Hill, Avebury, with a few comparisons from Grime's Graves, Norfolk. Among the cores, the tortoise variety, both ideal and in its modified forms, is abundantly in evidence. Fig. 27 comes under the former category, and was, perhaps, also held in the fingers for use as a chopper. The facet whence the desired flake was taken is evident enough.Fig. 28 is a thick and coarser variety, and is commoner. It, has a useful flake removed (left-hand figure), and an obtuse edge, capable of use. Allied to the last-named is the cube type, represented by Fig. 29. Sometines, as in Fig. 30, the flake was taken off the more convex face. In this instance it was one of the small leaf-shaped and sub-triangular kind so common on Windmill Hill, also produced in larger size and numerously at Avebury Down and Grime's Graves.
A Series of Humanly-Fashioned Flints Found in the Cliffs and on the Shore at Mundesley, Norfolk
Authors: Moir J. Reid 
Published: October 2013

When visiting Mundesley, in Norfolk, in September, 1916, the present author found upon the shore, in close proximity to an exposure of clay which he now considers to be referable to the Cromer Forest Bed Series, a very finely-made and large flint flake, of human manufacture. This discovery induced him to again visit Mundesley, and during this year (1919) close upon three weeks have been spent in an examination of the stretch of cliffs and shore lying between Trimingham, to the north-west of Mundesley, and Bacton, which lies to the south-east.The author's researches have been greatly helped by the co-operation of three friends, Professor A. S. Barnes, Mr. Walter B. Nichols, and the Hon. Robert Gathorne-Hardy, who accompanied him to Mundesley, and to whom he offers his warmest thanks. He would, however, wish to make it clear that these gentlemen are in no way responsible for the statements made in this paper. For these the author is solely responsible.