bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplementation with a juice powder concentrate and exercise decrease oxidation and inflammation, and improve the microcirculation in obese women: randomised controlled trial data
Authors: Lamprecht Manfred , Obermayer Georg , Steinbauer Kurt , Cvirn Gerhard , Hofmann Lidija , Ledinski Gerhard , Greilberger Joachim F. , Hallstroem Seth 
Published: April 2013

Obesity and sedentary lifestyle are associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation and vessel dysfunction. Previous research has shown that an encapsulated fruit/berry/vegetable juice powder (FBV) supplement or controlled exercise training improve the markers of redox biology, low-grade inflammation and circulation. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of 8 weeks of supplementation with FBV or placebo, and a single bout of controlled walking on the markers of oxidation, inflammation and skin capillary microcirculation in forty-two obese pre-menopausal women (41 (sd 5) years, non-smokers and BMI 34·5 (sd 3·8) kg/m2) using a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. All assessments were made before and after 8 weeks of capsule supplementation, and pre- and post-30 min of controlled treadmill walking at 70 % of VO2max. Venous blood was collected for the determination of carbonyl proteins (CP), oxidised LDL (ox-LDL), total oxidation status (TOS) of lipids, malondialdehyde, TNF-α and IL-6. Capillary blood flow, O2 saturation of Hb (SO2Hb) and the relative concentration of Hb (rHb) were assessed at a 2 mm skin depth. Following 8 weeks of supplementation, compared with placebo, the FBV group had a significant (P< 0·05) reduction in CP, ox-LDL, TOS and TNF-α, and a significant increase in blood flow, SO2Hb and rHb. Independent of supplementation, moderate exercise significantly increased blood flow and rHb, with a trend towards increased SO2Hb. Compared with placebo, 8 weeks of supplementation with FBV decreased the markers of systemic oxidation and inflammation. Both FBV supplementation and a single walking bout improved the markers of the microcirculation in these obese women.
Wildlife predation on livestock and poultry: implications for predator conservation in the rainforest of south-east Mexico
Authors: Amador-Alcalá Saúl , Naranjo Eduardo J. , Jiménez-Ferrer Guillermo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe assessed wildlife predation on livestock and poultry and the implications for predator conservation in the most important rainforest areas of south-east Mexico. We estimated the economic impact of predation and identified variables correlated to predation frequency in four communities adjacent to Calakmul and Montes Azules Biosphere Reserves. We did participant observation and interviews with 161 residents during January–September 2010. We recorded 2,861 deaths of livestock and poultry from predation by wild carnivores over the previous 3 years. Opossums (n = 677 predation events), raptors (n = 676) and ocelots (n = 539) were responsible for the highest numbers of killings. Poultry constituted the main target of wild predators (n = 2,548 deaths). Sheep (n = 201 events) and cattle (167) were the most affected by large predators such as jaguarPanthera oncaand pumaPuma concolor. Economic losses from predation were estimated to be USD 55,600 over the 3 years in the four communities. Predation frequency was positively correlated with livestock numbers (r2 = 0.87, P < 0.05) but negatively associated with wild prey abundance (r2 = 0.96, P < 0.05). Better husbandry practices focused on the safety and location of livestock enclosures and on reducing overabundance of dogs and regulating hunting on wild prey in rural areas may help mitigating conflict between wild predators and residents in the rainforests of south-east Mexico.
Biological attributes and major threats as predictors of the vulnerability of species: a case study with Brazilian reef fishes
Authors: Bender M.G. , Floeter S.R. , Mayer F.P. , Vila-Nova D.A. , Longo G.O. , Hanazaki N. , Carvalho-Filho A. , Ferreira C.E.L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGlobal biodiversity declines and increasing rates of extinction necessitate the assessment and prediction of the vulnerability of species to extinction. Here, we examine the relationships between conservation status and ecological traits of reef fish species of the Brazilian biogeographical province. We used binomial tests and a logistic regression to address two questions. Do biological attributes differ between threatened and non-threatened fishes? Which combination of traits and impacts exerts greater influence on species threat status? Of the 559 species, 36 are categorized as threatened (compiled from global, national and local Red Lists). Three species are categorized as Critically Endangered, seven as Endangered and 26 as Vulnerable. Our analyses revealed that Elasmobranchii, sex-changing bony fishes and endemic species are the most vulnerable reef fishes in Brazilian waters. Body size and trophic category were identified as good predictors of the vulnerability of a species to extinction. Small-bodied species that are exploited by the ornamental trade and have complex reproductive strategies are also of concern. Such combinations of attributes could be of value in predicting which reef fish species elsewhere have a high risk of extinction.
Estimating abundance of the Endangered onager Equus hemionus onager in Qatruiyeh National Park, Iran
Authors: Hemami Mahmoud-Reza , Momeni Moslem 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHistorically, the onager or Persian wild ass Equus hemionus onager, endemic to Iran, was widespread on the arid and semi-arid central steppes but only two natural populations remain. We estimated the population density of the onager in Qatruiyeh National Park using line transect distance sampling. Transects were surveyed on three plains in the Park and the results compared with total counts conducted by the Department of Environment. Our estimate (109 onagers per 100 km2; 95% confidence interval 67–179) is similar to that obtained by the total counts (137 onagers per 100 km2). Distance sampling is therefore a promising method for estimating the abundance of the onager. Using the annual censuses performed by the Department of Environment over the last 13 years we estimated that the population has a growth rate of 0.09. During the same period the onager population in the Touran Protected Complex has experienced a severe decline. The high density of onagers within the National Park indicates the unsuitability of adjacent habitats, including Bahram-e-Goor Protected Area, for this species. Lack of sufficient security and poorly distributed water sources appear to be the main reasons discouraging onagers from entering the Bahram-e-Goor Protected Area. We recommend and describe management interventions that could potentially assist in maintaining the last surviving onager populations in Iran.
Detecting an increase in an Endangered huemulHippocamelus bisulcuspopulation following removal of cattle and cessation of poaching in coastal Patagonia, Chile
Authors: Briceño Cristóbal , Knapp Leslie A. , Silva Alejandra , Paredes José , Avendaño Iván , Vargas Aliro , Sotomayor Juan , Vila Alejandro R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe conservation of threatened species poses many challenges but through cooperation and pooling of resources, individuals and organizations can work together to achieve better results. Here we describe our experience, working through a governmental and private alliance, studying one of the most threatened mammals in the Southern Cone. The huemul deerHippocamelus bisulcus, one of two members of theHippocamelusgenus of South America, is endemic to Argentina and Chile and currently inhabits only a small fraction of its former range. Little is known about the huemul because it generally lives in remote areas with a harsh climate and rugged terrain. Using drive counts and fixed width transects over 5 consecutive years (2004–2008) we estimated density and abundance, and examined population changes and social structure, in three coastal huemul populations in the area of the Témpanos and Bernardo fjords of Bernardo O'Higgins National Park, Chile. Our results suggest that synergistic conservation actions, such as cattle removal and poaching control, can lead to the recovery of threatened huemul. The baseline information obtained from our surveys and the lessons learned through this governmental and private alliance will be useful for future monitoring of the huemul in the Patagonian fjords of Chile.
Demand and proximity: drivers of illegal forest resource extraction
Authors: Mackenzie Catrina A. , Hartter Joel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIllegal extraction from protected areas is often shaped by the surrounding socio-economic landscape. We coupled village-scale socio-economic parameters collected using household surveys with measured levels of illegal resource extraction proximate to study villages to investigate the socio-economic drivers of illegal extraction from Kibale National Park, Uganda. The level of illegal tree harvesting and the number of illegal entry trails into the Park were driven by subsistence demand from villages adjacent to the Park and by for-profit extraction to supply local urban markets, whereas grazing in the Park was linked to high livestock ownership. Capital asset wealth, excluding livestock, was found to mitigate illegal resource extraction from the Park. We also found high human population density to coincide spatially with park-based tourism, research and carbon sequestration employment opportunities. Conservation strategies should be integrated with national policy to meet the needs of local communities and to manage urban demand to reduce illegal extraction from protected areas.
Cognitive science of religion and theism: how can they be compatible?
Authors: NÄREAHO LEO 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this article, I examine the compatibility thesis, according to which the assumptions and results of cognitive (and other bio-psychological) theories of religion are compatible with the theistic world-view. In particular, I analyse the conception of world-view neutrality concerning scientific theories of religion. I also investigate the nature of pro-theistic argumentation; one aspect of this is the role that various forms of naturalism have in theistic compatibility claims. I point out that the version of theism guiding the argumentation of the proponents of the compatibility thesis is seldom explicated. A commitment to classical theism is problematic because of the ultimate metaphysical separation of God and the world. Instead, I support the compatibility view with a notion of God construed as the structuring cause of the world.
Synthesis and crystallographic study of cation substituted NZP materials: Na1+xZr2−xMxP3O12(M = Sb, Al, Cr andx = 0.1)
Authors: Chourasia Rashmi , Shrivastava O. P. 
Published: April 2013

A novel concept of immobilization of light water nuclear reactor fuel reprocessing waste effluent through interaction with sodium zirconium phosphate (NZP) has been established. It was found that a large number of hazardous cations could be loaded in the NZP-based matrix without significant change of three-dimensional framework structure. Starting from the raw powder diffraction data of polycrystalline solid phases, crystal structure of substituted NZP phases has been investigated using the General Structure Analysis System (GSAS) package. Cation(s) substituted NZP phases crystallize in rhombohedral symmetry (space groupR-3candZ = 6). Powder diffraction data have been subjected to Rietveld refinement to reach satisfactory structural convergence ofR-factors. Unit cell parameters, inter atomic distances, bond angles, reflecting planes (h,k,l), structure factors, polyhedral (ZrO6and PO4) distortion, and particle size have been reported. PO4stretching and bending vibrations in the Infra red (IR) region have been assigned. SEM and EDAX analysis provide analytical evidence of fixation of cations in the matrix.
The effect of iodine-deficiency disorders on academic achievement of schoolchildren in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Wolka Eskinder , Shiferaw Solomon , Biadgilign Sibhatu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to assess the effect of iodine deficiency on academic achievement of schoolchildren in Wolaita Sodo town, Southern Ethiopia.DesignSchool-based comparative cross-sectional study.SettingsPrimary school in Sodo town, Southern Ethiopia.SubjectsA sample population of 270 children with goitre and 264 without goitre. All students in each class were examined for the presence of goitre and classified based on WHO recommendations.ResultsAmong children with goitre, a higher proportion (54·8 %) was female and the proportion increased with age. The odds of scoring low on school performance was higher among children whose fathers were illiterate (adjusted OR = 1·9; 95 % CI 1·1, 3·5) and those who were absent for more than 5 d in the last academic year (adjusted OR = 1·5; 95 % CI 1·1, 2·3). Goitre was significantly associated with low academic achievement (adjusted OR = 1·8; 95 % CI 1·2, 2·5).ConclusionsThe study showed that the presence of goitre has a negative effect on academic achievement even after accounting for parental education and absenteeism from school. Awareness of endemic goitre and its impact on school performance, and an emphasis on prevention and control by concerned bodies, are recommended to alleviate the problem.
Selenium levels and hypertension: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Kuruppu Dulanji , Hendrie Hugh C , Yang Lili , Gao Sujuan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveSe is an antioxidant micronutrient and has been studied for its potential role in CVD prevention. The purpose of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the relationship between Se and hypertension.DesignWe conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed and OVID of studies on Se levels and hypertension or blood pressure published in English up to June 2011. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were reviewed and the following information was gathered from each publication: study setting, participant demographics, exclusion criteria, intervention if applicable, medium of Se measure, mean level of Se, outcome definition, relationship between Se and the outcome variable, significance of this relationship, and covariates. In studies that also reported glutathione peroxidase levels, we extracted results on the relationship between glutathione peroxidase and hypertension.ResultsTwenty-five articles were included. Approximately half of the studies reported no significant relationship between Se and hypertension. Of the remaining studies, about half found that higher Se levels were associated with lower blood pressure and the other half found the opposite relationship. The studies varied greatly in terms of study population, study design and Se levels measured in participants.ConclusionsBased on the present systematic review, there is no conclusive evidence supporting an association between Se and hypertension. Randomized controlled trials and prospective studies with sufficient sample size in populations with different Se levels are needed to fully investigate the relationship between Se and hypertension.
ON THE EXPONENT OF A VERBAL SUBGROUP IN A FINITE GROUP
Authors: SHUMYATSKY PAVEL 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLet $w$ be a multilinear commutator word. We prove that if $e$ is a positive integer and $G$ is a finite group in which any nilpotent subgroup generated by $w$-values has exponent dividing $e$, then the exponent of the corresponding verbal subgroup $w(G)$ is bounded in terms of $e$ and $w$only.
COMPLEX NUMBERS WITH BOUNDED PARTIAL QUOTIENTS
Authors: BOSMA WIEB , GRUENEWALD DAVID 
Published: April 2013

AbstractConjecturally, the only real algebraic numbers with bounded partial quotients in their regular continued fraction expansion are rationals and quadratic irrationals. We show that the corresponding statement is not true for complex algebraic numbers in a very strong sense, by constructing, for every even degree $d$, algebraic numbers of degree $d$ that have bounded complex partial quotients in their Hurwitz continued fraction expansion. The Hurwitz expansion is the complex generalization of the nearest integer continued fraction for real numbers. In the case of real numbers the boundedness of regular and nearest integer partial quotients is equivalent.
Advancing the defensive explanation for anxiety disorders: lorazepam effects on human defense are systematically modulated by personality and threat-type
Authors: Perkins A M , Ettinger U , Weaver K , Schmechtig A , Schrantee A , Morrison P D , Sapara A , Kumari V , Williams S C R , Corr P J 
Published: April 2013

AbstractClinically effective drugs against human anxiety and fear systematically alter the innate defensive behavior of rodents, suggesting that in humans these emotions reflect defensive adaptations. Compelling experimental human evidence for this theory is yet to be obtained. We report the clearest test to date by investigating the effects of 1 and 2 mg of the anti-anxiety drug lorazepam on the intensity of threat-avoidance behavior in 40 healthy adult volunteers (20 females). We found lorazepam modulated the intensity of participants’ threat-avoidance behavior in a dose-dependent manner. However, the pattern of effects depended upon two factors: type of threat-avoidance behavior and theoretically relevant measures of personality. In the case of flight behavior (one-way active avoidance), lorazepam increased intensity in low scorers on the Fear Survey Schedule tissue-damage fear but reduced it in high scorers. Conversely, in the case of risk-assessment behavior (two-way active avoidance), lorazepam reduced intensity in low scorers on the Spielberger trait anxiety but increased it in high scorers. Anti-anxiety drugs do not systematically affect rodent flight behavior; therefore, we interpret this new finding as suggesting that lorazepam has a broader effect on defense in humans than in rodents, perhaps by modulating general perceptions of threat intensity. The different patterning of lorazepam effects on the two behaviors implies that human perceptions of threat intensity are nevertheless distributed across two different neural streams, which influence effects observed on one-way or two-way active avoidance demanded by the situation.
IMMEDIATE HYPHEMA AFTER INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS OF RANIBIZUMAB
Authors: Kon Graversen Veronica A. , Meredith Travis , Landers Maurice B. , Garg Seema 
Published: April 2013

Purpose:
To report two cases of immediate hyphema formation after the intravitreal injection of ranibizumab.

Methods:
Retrospective case reports.

Results:
A patient with choroidal neovascularization caused by exudative age-related macular degeneration and a patient with cystoid macular edema caused by branch retinal vein occlusion underwent an intravitreal injection of 0.5 mg/0.05 mL of ranibizumab. The development of hyphema was seen immediately after the intravitreal injection in both cases. One patient was pseudophakic, taking 325 mg of aspirin daily. The other patient was phakic without any anticoagulation history.

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the third report of the development of hyphema associated with intravitreal injections.
Characterization of Relations Among Sleep, Inflammation, and Psychiatric Dysfunction in Depressed Youth With Crohn Disease
Authors: Benhayon David , Youk Ada , McCarthy F. Nicole , Davis Stephanie , Keljo David J. , Bousvaros Athos , Fairclough Diane , Kupfer David , Buysse Daniel J. , Szigethy Eva M. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjectives:Recent reports demonstrate a link between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and sleep disturbance. Increased psychiatric dysfunction is consistently reported in patients with IBD. Our objective is to examine relations among sleep disturbance, inflammation, and psychiatric dysfunction in a pediatric population with Crohn disease (CD) and depression.Methods:Pediatric patients with CD with depression (n = 96) and healthy controls (n = 19) completed measures of sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]), depression, anxiety, and abdominal pain, and provided blood for inflammatory markers. CD activity was determined by the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index. Factor analysis was performed on subscales of the PSQI to derive measures of sleep disturbance. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses assessed relations between sleep disturbance, psychosocial, and biological measures of CD and psychiatric dysfunction.Results:Sleep disturbance in depressed youth with CD was significantly greater than healthy controls, and was significantly related to measures of abdominal pain, depression, and anxiety, but not biomarkers of inflammation. Factor analysis of the PSQI demonstrated a 2‐factor solution. The first factor, termed “Qualitative,” included Subjective Sleep Quality, Daytime Dysfunction, Sleep Disturbance, and Sleep Latency, whereas the second factor, “Quantitative,” consisted of Habitual Sleep Efficiency and Sleep Duration. This factor showed a significant relation to inflammatory markers. Multivariate modeling suggested that qualitative sleep disturbance was predicted by disease activity, pain, and anxiety, whereas quantitative sleep disturbance was predicted by disease activity.Conclusions:These results indicate that sleep disturbance in depressed youth with CD differs depending upon illness activity. Patients may require different interventions depending upon the sleep disturbance exhibited.
Development of a enterovirus diagnostic assay system for diagnosis of viral myocarditis in humans
Authors: Lim Byung‐Kwan , Ju Eun‐Seon , Lao Dieu Hung , Yun Soo‐Hyeon , Lee Yoo‐Jung , Kim Duk‐Kyung , Jeon Eun‐Seok 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe coxsackieviruses type B3 (CVB3) are members of the genus Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae. They are the commonest cause of chronic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. However, there is still no effective method for diagnosing CVB3 infection in humans. Here, a fast and accurate system that uses a capsid‐protein‐specific peptide sequence to detect CVB3 in the sera of patients with viral myocarditis was established. The peptide sequence was selected from the whole CVB3 capsid protein sequence by computationally predicting fragments with high antigenicity and low hydrophobicity. Two of eight possible peptide sequences were selected and commercially synthesized. The synthesized peptides encoded either the VP2 or VP1 capsid protein and induced immunoglobulin G antibody expression in immunized rabbits. Anti‐VP2 and anti‐VP1 sera detected the viral proteins extracted from CVB3‐infected HeLa cells. The newly synthesized peptides successfully induced antibody production. These peptides, applied in an ELISA system, detected anti‐CVB3 antibodies in virus‐infected mouse serum. Moreover, an ELISA system based on the VP2 peptide detected CVB3 infection in patients with positively identified CVB3‐induced fulminant myocarditis. These results indicate that these new peptides specifically interact with anti‐CVB3 IgG antibodies in mouse and human sera. This ELISA system should be useful for the clinical diagnosis of enterovirus‐induced myocarditis.