bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Clustering and Conservation Implications for Critically Endangered Taiwanese Humpback Dolphins (Sousa chinensis taiwanensis)
Authors: Bai Mei‐Ling , Huang Chieh Ning , Lien Yu‐Yi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn social species, social relationships of an individual play a crucial role in its fitness, and the social structure of a population can be vital to its viability. This study investigated the social network of the critically endangered Taiwanese humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis taiwanensis) population during the periods 2017–2020 and 2021–2023. We observed a reduction in the strength and reach of the social network compared with a decade ago. The population could be divided into three clusters, each characterized by distinct age compositions and network metrics, with limited intercluster associations and minimal overlap in core areas. The decline and ageing of the northern cluster suggested the need for further research into its habitat quality. In the central cluster, which previously had high calf sighting rates, low intracluster association and a limited number of young individuals raised concerns about reproductive constraints. The southern cluster, although most socially vigorous, partly occupied areas outside the protected zone. Our findings emphasized the need for cluster‐specific management strategies to enhance conservation efforts.
Human interparietal bones: Examination of existing classification schemes and development of a graphic library depicting variations
Authors: Clarkson Melissa D. , Dunn Rhian R. , Hefner Joseph T. , Long Holly A. , Spiros Micayla C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDue to its complex ossification during development, the superior region of the human occipital bone is a frequent site of supernumerary bones known as interparietal bones. Interparietal bones have been extensively studied across various disciplines, resulting in multiple classification schemes using icon‐like graphics to represent categories of interparietal variants. However, disparities across these classification schemes reveal the need for a standardized system to facilitate comparisons and permit data pooling across studies. Based on an extensive literature review and the examination of physical specimens, a graphic library of 80 evidence‐based graphics capturing interparietal variants was designed for community use. It provides five graphics of different morphologies of the lambdoid suture, 64 graphics of interparietal bones, six of ossicles at lambda, three of mendosal suture variants, and two of intrasutural ossicles. This approach allows additional graphics to be added in the future as needed. Graphics are compared to those from existing classification schemes and an exercise using the graphics to classify crania was performed. In the broadest sense, this research establishes a model for improved practices in representing and sharing morphological data.
Social Determinants of Health Predict Sleep–Wake Disturbances Among Patients Living With Primary Brain Tumors: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
Authors: Wright Michelle L. , Miller Hope , Vera Elizabeth , Acquaye‐Mallory Alvina A. , Chavis Brayden , Choi Anna , Grajkowska Ewa , Kunst Tricia , Johnson Morgan , Karim Zuena , McIver Bennett , Managoli Madhura , Reyes Jennifer , Armstrong Terri S. , King Amanda L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionSleep disturbance (SD) and sleep‐related impairment (SRI) significantly impact the lives of primary brain tumor (PBT) patients. We aimed to describe the prevalence of SD and SRI in this population, determine the reliability of the PROMIS‐SD and PROMIS‐SRI instruments, and identify predictive factors to support the development of targeted interventions for at‐risk individuals.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study evaluated SD and SRI in PBT patients enrolled in a Natural History Study who completed 1‐year follow‐up questionnaires (N = 229). Demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic data were analyzed to identify factors associated with SD and SRI. Descriptive statistics were used to report the prevalence of sleep problems, and linear regression analysis was conducted to identify predictive factors. The reliability of sleep‐related instruments was calculated using Cronbach's alpha.ResultsFifteen percent of PBT participants reported clinically significant SD and 20% reported clinically significant SRI, which were associated with financial toxicity (p < 0.001), being unemployed (p ≤ 0.02), and taking psychotropic medication (p ≤ 0.002). Good internal consistency was demonstrated by the SD (0.923) and SRI (0.925) questionnaires in this population.ConclusionsIn this study, social factors such as financial toxicity and employment status were associated with SD and SRI. Psychotropic medications also impacted SD and SRI in PTB survivors, but less so than financial toxicity. Social factors and other medications may impact sleep more strongly in PBT survivors than their previous treatment courses.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsSD and SRI can be impacted by multiple factors, including those not related to PBT treatment, which should be considered by their providers.
Caveolae Modulate the Activity of LRRC8‐Mediated VRAC by the Structural Membrane Protein Caveolin‐1
Authors: Liu Yan , Li Xing , Huo Cong , Hou Liming , Jia Xin , Xu Rong , Yang Jie , Wang Xiaoming 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe volume‐regulated anion channel (VRAC) plays a critical role in cell volume regulation and other fundamental physiological processes. However, the mechanism of how VRAC is activated and modulated has not been completely clarified. Caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1), as an important ion channel binding protein, forms complexes with channel proteins and exchangers to regulate channel activity and function. The purpose of this study was to explore the importance and value of Cav‐1 in cardiac VRAC activation and regulation. In the study, we proved that the membrane protein LRRC8A was detected in the same caveolae‐enriched fractions, as the same as Caveolin‐1 in ventricular myocytes. The intracellular Cl− concentration increased and the cell volume decreased dramatically after caveolae being destroyed in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, we found that ICl,vol decreased not only in LRRC8A silencing cardiomyocytes but also in Cav‐1 silencing cardiomyocytes, which indicated that caveolin‐1 may affect the function of VRAC. Then we further explore the physical relationship between LRRC8A and Cav‐1 in cell membrane. We observed that the fluorescence label of LRRC8A was overlapping with Cav‐1 in the cell plasma membrane and caveolin‐1 co‐immunoprecipitated with LRRC8A, which demonstrated that Cav‐1 is the basis of VRAC channel activation by acting on LRRC8A. The whole study provides further evidence of the relevance of Cav‐1 on the activation and modulation of endothelial LRRC8A‐mediated VRAC.
A Case of Post‐Partum Afebrile Perforated Appendicitis: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Halder Arindam , Jha Tulika , Basak Raja , Roy Samir , Mukherjee Dattatreya , Akilimali Aymar 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThere are a couple of references in literature reporting the incidence of acute appendicitis during pregnancy, and the incidence rate is 0.4–1.4 per 1000 pregnancies. Acute appendicitis and perforated acute appendicitis in the postpartum period are rare incidences. Fever and abdominal pain are very common symptoms in acute appendicitis. Here, we are presenting a case of postpartum acute perforated appendicitis. A 34‐year‐old female was admitted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology with abdominal pain and severe abdominal tenderness. The cervical os was dilated, so the patient was taken to the labor room where she delivered a very low birth weight baby at 22 weeks. After delivery, patient developed respiratory distress and there was a sudden deterioration in her condition. She was then shifted to the critical care unit. The case was managed and the patient's respiratory distress lessened but the abdominal pain and tenderness still persisted. Plain radiography was done and it showed “gas under diaphragm.” The CT scan also showed pneumoperitoneum and a decision was taken to perform an emergency laparotomy. On laparotomy, perforated appendicitis was found. Diagnosis of acute abdomen in pregnancy and the early postpartum period is very confusing, but an early diagnosis is always important. In antenatal screening, an ultrasound of the whole abdomen should be mandated in 30+ years old pregnant women. Surgery is the recommended treatment in such cases.
Enigmatic Headstands in European Freshwater Fish Species
Authors: Tušer Michal , Frouzová Jaroslava 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study discloses a remarkable and rarely documented behavior among two cyprinid species—the common bleak (Alburnus alburnus) and the common roach (Rutilus rutilus)—and one percid species, the European perch (Perca fluviatilis). The primary aim was to reevaluate this distinct behavior, termed “headstand”, and explore its potential implications for fish behavior and ecology. We utilized video recording to observe and analyze this behavior. Fish were monitored in an enclosure with near‐natural conditions. Instances of headstanding behavior—where fish assume a head‐down posture at angles between 45° and 90°—were documented. The video analysis revealed the occurrence of headstanding behavior in all three species, lasting from a few seconds to over a minute. This behavior was observed both individually and in groups, sometimes involving multiple species simultaneously. Group headstands occurred more frequently in the year when water transparency was low. Interestingly, although this behavior was previously proposed as a cleaning signal, no cleaning activity was observed afterward. Our observations suggest that headstanding may serve additional functions beyond a cleaning context, potentially involving foraging, predator avoidance, or social communication. Observing this behavior under diverse conditions highlights its ecological and social relevance. Future work integrating behavioral, ecological, and physiological approaches could clarify the adaptive significance of headstanding employed by these species.
A new Eosin Y and hydroxybenzaldehyde coupled probe for instantaneous sensing of Cu2+ by colorimetric and ‘turn‐off’ fluorescence methods
Authors: Chakraborty Arnab , Das Neeladri 
Published: February 2025

Xanthene‐based organic chemosensors for detecting metal ions are a topic of research. While Rhodamine and Fluorescein‐based sensors are more common, fewer research articles exist on Eosin‐based sensors. Herein, a new chemosensor (EY‐S) is reported that was obtained efficiently in two high‐yielding reaction steps from commercially procured Eosin Y. A high magnitude of the Stern‐Volmer (Ksv) constant advocated efficient quenching. Job’s plot confirmed a 1:1 complexation ratio between EY‐S and Cu2+. The association constant (KA) for the host‐guest complexation was determined to be 1.59×105 M−1. The limit of detection (LOD) associated with the detection of Cu2+ was 3.29 nM, indicating the high sensitivity of the EY‐S sensor. Cu2+ detection was also tested using actual water samples collected from various sources, and EY‐S' performance remained uncompromised. The sensor could detect Cu2+ in acidic, neutral, and essential media, with the sensing being most efficient at higher pH. The EY‐S sensor/probe could be easily recycled multiple times without significantly declining Cu2+ detection performance. A mechanism of binding between EY‐S and Cu2+ was also proposed.
Engineering Diesters From Saturated Fatty Acids and C2–C4 Diols: How Branching Influence Rheological, Flow, and Crystallization Properties
Authors: Fortunato Michele Emanuele , Vitiello Rosa , Taddeo Francesco , Faro Luigi , Mallardo Salvatore , Turco Rosa , Tesser Riccardo , Russo Vincenzo , Di Serio Martino 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn response to the increasing demand for sustainable materials, this study explores the structure–property relationships of 22 novel diesters synthesized from C2–C4 linear and branched diols and saturated fatty acids (SFAs), targeting the improvement of vegetable oil‐based lubricants’ oxidative stability and low‐temperature performance. Diesters based on pelargonic (C9), lauric (C12), myristic (C14), and palmitic (C16) acids were characterized for viscosity, crystallization temperature, and flow behavior. Branched diols significantly enhanced low‐temperature properties, with 1,2‐butanediol and 1,3‐butanediol diesters always exhibiting the lowest crystallization temperatures. Viscosity increased with fatty acid chain length, whereas branching caused a slight reduction due to steric hindrance. Most diesters showed shear‐thickening behavior, modeled by the Herschel–Bulkley equation. Additionally, all diesters demonstrated excellent oxidative stability, surpassing 300 min in accelerated aging tests. These findings suggest that the synthesized diesters, particularly those with branched diols, offer promise as sustainable, high‐performance alternatives for industrial lubricant applications.Practical Application: The diesters synthesized from saturated fatty acids and C2–C4 diols offer strong potential as bases for bio‐based lubricants, particularly in applications requiring high oxidative stability. The esters, particularly those derived from branched diols, exhibit improved cold flow properties, due to their lower crystallization temperatures, making them ideal candidates for use in industries requiring lubricants that perform well in low‐temperatures conditions. Their shear‐thickening behavior also makes them ideal for shock‐absorbing uses. The comprehensive analysis and results presented in this study provide a valuable reference for selecting the optimal combination of fatty acids and alcohols to tailor synthetic esters with specific properties, addressing diverse needs in the lubricant industry. This work serves as a practical guide for developing high‐performance, sustainable lubricant formulations.
Chronology, Geochemical Characterisation and Tectonic Background of Early Cretaceous Volcanic Rocks in the Lengjimanda Plate, Da Hinggan Mountains
Authors: ShiChang Wang , YuJie Hao , Zhen Tang , Lu Shi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe Lengjimanda Plate in the central Da Hinggan Mountains is mainly composed of a series of acid volcanic rocks such as rhyolites and rhyolitic crystal tuffs of the Early Cretaceous Baiyingaolao and Guanghua formations. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb dating indicates that rhyolites of the Baiyingaolao Formation formed between 140 and 137 Ma, while rhyolites of the Guanghua Formation formed between 129 and 128 Ma. Rocks of the Baiyingaolao Formation exhibit the characteristics of high silica contents, alkali enrichment and aluminium depletion, thus resembling A‐type granites. They show significant fractionation of light and heavy rare earth elements with a pronounced negative Eu anomaly. They zircon 176Hf/177Hf ratios range from 0.282932 to 0.252800, with an average εHf(t) value of +1.28; (87Sr/86Sr)i ranges from 0.68848 to 0.70068, with εNd(t) ranging from +1.4 to +3.7; and tDM2 ranges from 629 to 817 Ma, indicating magma derived from newly formed young crustal material after the closure of the Mongolian‐Okhotsk Ocean. The volcanic rocks of the Guanghua Formation have characteristics that are similar to I‐Type granites, with silica and alkali enrichment and Ca and Mg depletion. They also show a right‐skewed “V”‐shaped pattern in their REE distribution curves, with a strong negative Eu anomaly. The zircon 176Hf/177Hf ratios range from 0.282887 to 0.282986, with an average εHf(t) value of +8.78; (87Sr/86Sr)i ranges from 0.70060 to 0.70096, with εNd(t) ranging from +3.0 to +3.8; and tDM2 ranges from 616 to 677 Ma, indicating the partial melting of depleted mantle‐derived mafic lower crustal material, influenced by the closure of the Mongolian‐Okhotsk Ocean and subduction of the ancient Pacific Plate.
Wellbeing Dynamics Across Cultures During the Pandemic: A Five‐Country Exploration
Authors: Hartle Larissa , Bortolini Tiago , Karl Johannes , Sokolov Boris , Fischer Ronald 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWellbeing levels have been a global concern during the COVID‐19 pandemic, but there is a lack of attention to invariance questions that allow a robust examination of wellbeing dynamics across cultures. Questions of temporal stability that are crucial for examining the impact of the pandemic on wellbeing have received even less attention. Some studies suggested that measures may not be stable after the onset of the pandemic. We examine invariance parameters, the factorial structure and variability of wellbeing variables (life satisfaction, pandemic worries, anxiety and depression screenings) across five different cultural contexts from 2020 to 2022 (N = 4387, total observations = 13,161). A three‐factor model separating life satisfaction, worry and distress performed best in terms of model fit and parsimony. We observed scalar invariance across times and identified little variability of wellbeing measures during the pandemic, suggesting that wellbeing levels remained stable during the pandemic in each of the countries sampled. In contrast, we only identified metric invariance across countries at each time point, and found a weakening of correlations between life satisfaction and a depressive/anxious symptoms scale in lower income countries. We discuss implications of our findings for discussions of wellbeing dynamics.
Enhanced Influence of April Snow Cover Over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau on the Variability of West China Autumn Rain After 2000
Authors: Wang Junyu , Zhou Botao , Li Hua 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT“West China Autumn Rain” (WCAR), which represents the second peak in local precipitation following the summer, frequently causes floods and related secondary disasters, posing significant challenges to the sustainable development of economy and society. As such, a better understanding of the variability in WCAR is crucial for disaster prevention and mitigation. This study, based on the observed precipitation and reanalysis data, addresses the relationship of the WCAR variability with the April snow cover over the eastern Tibetan Plateau from 1981 to 2021, and highlights a notable shift from an insignificant to a significant correlation after 2000. During 2000–2021, the distinctive dipole pattern of the eastern Tibetan Plateau snow cover (TPSC) in April—characterised by negative anomalies in the south and positive anomalies in the north—corresponds with an intensification of the South Asian High (SAH) in the subsequent autumn. This, in turn, induces a northward shift of the East Asian jet (EAJ) and a westward displacement of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), concurrent with an enhancement of moisture transport into West China, providing favourable dynamic and moisture conditions for the increase in WCAR. The warming of soil temperatures in April over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, driven by increased shortwave radiation and propagating into autumn, is hypothesized to bridge the lagged influence of snow cover on the above atmospheric circulations. In contrast, during 1981–1999, due to decreased interannual variability of snow cover, the April TPSC shows no substantial effect on the WCAR‐related atmospheric circulations, hence weakening its connection with the WCAR variability.
Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodule Malignancy Using Peritumoral Region and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Abbasian Ardakani Ali , Mohammadi Afshin , Yeong Chai Hong , Ng Wei Lin , Ng Aik Hao , Tangaraju Kasturi Nair , Behestani Selda , Mirza‐Aghazadeh‐Attari Mohammad , Suresh Revathy , Acharya U. Rajendra 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTo develop, test, and externally validate a hybrid artificial intelligence (AI) model based on hand‐crafted and deep radiomics features extracted from B‐mode ultrasound images in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules compared to senior and junior radiologists.MethodsA total of 1602 thyroid nodules from four centers across two countries (Iran and Malaysia) were included for the development and validation of AI models. From each original and expanded contour, which included the peritumoral region, 2060 handcrafted and 1024 deep radiomics features were extracted to assess the effectiveness of the peritumoral region in the AI diagnosis profile. The performance of four algorithms, namely, support vector machine with linear (SVM_lin) and radial basis function (SVM_RBF) kernels, logistic regression, and K‐nearest neighbor, was evaluated. The diagnostic performance of the proposed AI model was compared with two radiologists based on the American Thyroid Association (ATA) and the Thyroid Imaging Reporting & Data System (TI‐RADS™) guidelines to show the model's applicability in clinical routines.ResultsThirty‐five hand‐crafted and 36 deep radiomics features were considered for model development. In the training step, SVM_RBF and SVM_lin showed the best results when rectangular contours 40% greater than the original contours were used for both hand‐crafted and deep features. Ensemble‐learning with SVM_RBF and SVM_lin obtained AUC of 0.954, 0.949, 0.932, and 0.921 in internal and external validations of the Iran cohort and Malaysia cohorts 1 and 2, respectively, and outperformed both radiologists.ConclusionThe proposed AI model trained on nodule+the peripheral region performed optimally in external validations and outperformed the radiologists using the ATA and TI‐RADS guidelines.
The Relationship Between Soil Organic Matter Composition and Soil Enzymes Activities in Various Land Use Types in the Upper Watershed of Danjiangkou Reservoir in China
Authors: Wang Guangyu , Tang Xiaofeng , Zhang Qingwei , Li Bingcong , Li Ming 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSoil organic matter (SOM) was the primary component of the global terrestrial carbon sink. Soil enzymes were important drivers of soil metabolism facilitating the materials cycling and the energy flow in soils. However, the relationship between soil enzymes and SOM composition in various land use types had not been clearly understood. In the current study, pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py‐GC/MS) was used to analyze the SOM composition of three land use types (grassland, forest, and cropland) and the relationship between soil enzyme activity and SOM composition in the upper watershed of Danjiangkou Reservoir in China. The activity of C‐cycling enzymes glucosidase, cellobiose glycosidase, xylosidase, P‐cycling enzyme alkaline phosphatase, and N‐cycling enzyme leucine aminopeptidase in grassland was the highest but the activity of S‐cycling enzyme methylumbelliferryl sulfate potassium salt was lowest in grassland. The activity of N‐cycling enzyme leucine aminopeptidase was the highest in forest. Aliphatic (23.1%–25.1%), N‐compounds (16.69%–21.17%), and aromatic (11.76%–12.61%) were the most abundant SOM components in the three land use types and the complexity of SOM molecular network in forest was the highest. Additionally, all the C‐cycling enzymes and N‐cycling enzyme acetylglucosaminidase were significantly positively related to the proportion of N‐compounds and polysaccharides but significantly negatively related to the proportion of terpenoids. Our study emphasized that land use significantly affected soil enzyme activities and SOM composition and further revealed that the difference in the activity of C‐cycling and N‐cycling enzymes in various land uses was probably related to the proportion of nitrogen‐containing compounds, polysaccharides, and terpenoids in SOM.