bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and costs of patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis: a 27‐year retrospective study
Authors: Oen I.M.M.H. , van der Vlies C.H. , Roeleveld Y.W.F. , Dokter J. , Hop M.J. , van Baar M.E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the importance of reporting the results and principles of management in Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) patients was underscored. Treatment ofTENfocuses on supportive care, often provided in a burn centre setting. Mortality inTENpatients can be high; theSCORTENscore is a scoring system that predicts mortality in patients withTEN. The predictive value of theSCORTENscore in our setting is unclear, as are the treatment costs ofTENpatients.ObjectiveTo describe patient characteristics, treatment, outcome and direct medical costs of patients withTENtreated in one Dutch burn centre in a 27‐year period. In addition, determinants of mortality and the predictive value of theSCORTENscore were assessed.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in all patients withTEN(including Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and overlapSJS‐TEN) admitted to the burn centre Rotterdam between January 1987 and December 2013. The discriminative value of theSCORTENscore was assessed by receiver‐operator characteristics curve analysis.ResultsA total of 63 patients were admitted in 27‐year period. Overall mortality was 39.7%, mortality inTENpatients (>30%TBSA) was 37.1%. A higher age (OR= 1.04, 95%CI: 1.02–1.07) and comorbidity (OR= 4.25, 95%CI: 1.2–14.7) were associated with mortality. The discriminative value of theSCORTENprediction model in our population was limited (AUC=0.72, 95%CI: 0.57–0.86). The mean direct medical hospital‐based costs was €41.361.ConclusionToxic epidermal necrolysis is a severe adverse drug reaction, with a high mortality. Elderly patients and patients with comorbidity, especially circulatory comorbidity, have a relatively high risk of decease. TheSCORTENscore, a frequently used prediction model in patients withTEN, underestimated the mortality in our study, mainly due to limited availability in patients with a good prognosis. The treatment of patient withTENis associated with high direct medical hospital‐based costs, also compared to burn patients in general.
Importance of the type of provider seen to begin health care for a new episode low back pain: associations with future utilization and costs
Authors: Fritz Julie M. , Kim Jaewhan , Dorius Josette 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectiveLow back pain (LBP) care can involve many providers. The provider chosen for entry into care may predict future health care utilization and costs. The objective of this study was to explore associations between entry settings and future LBP‐related utilization and costs.MethodsA retrospective review of claims data identified new entries into health care for LBP. We examined the year after entry to identify utilization outcomes (imaging, surgeon or emergency visits, injections, surgery) and total LBP‐related costs. Multivariate models with inverse probability weighting on propensity scores were used to evaluate relationships between utilization and cost outcomes with entry setting.Results747 patients were identified (mean age = 38.2 (± 10.7) years, 61.2% female). Entry setting was primary care (n = 409, 54.8%), chiropractic (n = 207, 27.7%), physiatry (n = 83, 11.1%) and physical therapy (n = 48, 6.4%). Relative to primary care, entry in physiatry increased risk for radiographs (OR = 3.46, P = 0.001), advanced imaging (OR = 3.38, P < 0.001), injections (OR = 4.91, P < 0.001), surgery (OR = 4.76, P = 0.012) and LBP‐related costs (standardized Β = 0.67, P < 0.001). Entry in chiropractic was associated with decreased risk for advanced imaging (OR = 0.21, P = 0.001) or a surgeon visit (OR = 0.13, P = 0.005) and increased episode of care duration (standardized Β = 0.51, P < 0.001). Entry in physical therapy decreased risk of radiographs (OR = 0.39, P = 0.017) and no patient entering in physical therapy had surgery.ConclusionsEntry setting for LBP was associated with future health care utilization and costs. Consideration of where patients chose to enter care may be a strategy to improve outcomes and reduce costs.
Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic: Rapid growing cystic ovarian metastasis from pancreatic cancer
Authors: Nomoto Daichi , Hashimoto Daisuke , Motohara Takeshi , Chikamoto Akira , Nitta Hidetoshi , Beppu Toru , Katabuchi Hidetaka , Baba Hideo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPancreatic cancer rarely develops cystic ovarian metastasis. We present a 63‐year‐old female patient with unresectable pancreas head cancer. Seven months after the introduction of the chemoradiotherapy, a giant intrapelvic cystic tumor with rapid growth was found. The tumor was resected because the patient complained of severe bloating and no other new metastatic sites could be identified. Postoperative pathological examination diagnosed it as an ovarian metastasis from the pancreas cancer.
Physical Function and Disability After Acute Care and Critical Illness Hospitalizations in a Prospective Cohort of Older Adults
Authors: Ehlenbach William J. , Larson Eric B. , Randall Curtis J. , Hough Catherine L. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate associations between acute care and critical illness hospitalizations and performance on physical functional measures and activities of daily living (ADLs).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingLarge health maintenance organization.ParticipantsTwo thousand nine hundred twenty‐six participants in Adult Changes in Thought, a study of aging enrolling dementia‐free individuals aged 65 and older not living in a nursing home from 1994 to September 30, 2008 (N = 2,926).MeasurementsThe exposure of interest was hospitalization during study participation, subdivided by presence of critical illness. Outcomes included gait speed, grip strength, chair stand speed, and difficulty and dependence in performingADLs measured at biennial visits.ResultsMedian time between hospital discharge and the next study visit was 311 days (interquartile range (IQR) 151–501 days) after acute care hospitalization and 359 days (IQR181–420 days) after critical illness hospitalization. Gait speed was slower after acute care (−0.05 m/s, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.01–0.04 m/s slower,P < .001) and critical illness (−0.16 m/s, 95%CI = −0.22 to −0.10,P < .001). Grip was weaker after acute care hospitalization (−0.8 kg, 95%CI = −1.0 to −0.6,P < .001) but not significantly different after critical illness hospitalization. Chair‐stand speed was slower after acute care hospitalization (−0.04 stands/s, 95%CVI = −0.05 to −0.04,P < .001) and critical illness hospitalization (−0.09, 95%CI = −0.15 to −0.03,P = .003). The odds of difficulty with (odds ratio (OR) = 1.4, 95%CI = 1.2–1.6,P < .001) or dependence in (OR = 2.0, 95%CI = 1.2–3.2,P = .006) one or moreADLs was higher after acute care hospitalization, as were the odds of difficulty with (OR = 1.9, 95%CI = 1.1–3.6,P = .03) or dependence in (OR = 7.9, 95%CI = 2.5–25.7,P = .001) one or moreADLs after critical illness.ConclusionIn older adults, hospitalization, especially for critical illness, was associated with clinically relevant decline in gait and chair stand speed and strongly associated with difficulty with and dependence inADLs.
Iron Status of Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Gest J. , Langston C. , Eatroff A. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundIron deficiency is a proposed mechanism for the anemia that occurs in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Minimal research investigating the iron status of these cats has been performed.ObjectiveTo compare indicators of iron status in cats with CKD versus healthy cats and cats with nonrenal illness (NRI). To compare indicators of iron status in anemic versus nonanemic cats with CKD.AnimalsThiry‐nine client or employee owned healthy cats, 40 cats with CKD and 34 cats with NRI included.MethodsExclusion criteria included prior iron or erythropoiesis stimulating agent administration, blood transfusion, or concurrent CKD and NRI. Complete blood counts, serum chemistries, serum iron concentrations, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin concentrations were measured and percent transferrin saturation (TSAT) calculated on all cats. Data were analyzed using nonparametric statistical testing.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were detected among groups for iron concentration (P = .50), ferritin concentration (P = .47), or TSAT (P = .19). TIBC was significantly lower in CKD (median 262 μg/dL; IQR 233–302; range 165–488) versus healthy cats (median 316 μg/dL; IQR 272–345, range 196–464); (P = .0030). When comparing anemic (hemoglobin <9.5 g/dL) versus nonanemic cats with CKD, TSAT was significantly lower (P = .033) in anemic (median 20.2%; IQR 17.8–34.5; range 17.6–35.9) compared to nonanemic (median 29.0%; IQR 25.5–44.1; range 11.5–94.4). No statistically significant differences found for ferritin concentration (P = .94), iron concentration (P = .21) or TIBC (P = .97).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThese results indicate that an iron deficient state exists in anemic cats with CKD and is more likely functional rather than absolute.
ON ARBITRAGE AND DUALITY UNDER MODEL UNCERTAINTY AND PORTFOLIO CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Bayraktar Erhan , Zhou Zhou 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe consider the fundamental theorem of asset pricing (FTAP) and the hedging prices of options under nondominated model uncertainty and portfolio constraints in discrete time. We first show that no arbitrage holds if and only if there exists some family of probability measures such that any admissible portfolio value process is a local super‐martingale under these measures. We also get the nondominated optional decomposition with constraints. From this decomposition, we obtain the duality of the super‐hedging prices of European options, as well as the sub‐ and super‐hedging prices of American options. Finally, we get the FTAP and the duality of super‐hedging prices in a market where stocks are traded dynamically and options are traded statically.
Elucidating the spatio‐temporal dynamics of an emerging wildlife pathogen using approximate Bayesian computation
Authors: Rey Olivier , Fourtune Lisa , Paz‐Vinas Ivan , Loot Géraldine , Veyssière Charlotte , Roche Benjamin , Blanchet Simon 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEmerging pathogens constitute a severe threat for human health and biodiversity. Determining the status (native or non‐native) of emerging pathogens, and tracing back their spatio‐temporal dynamics, is crucial to understand the eco‐evolutionary factors promoting their emergence, to control their spread and mitigate their impacts. However, tracing back the spatio‐temporal dynamics of emerging wildlife pathogens is challenging because (i) they are often neglected until they become sufficiently abundant and pose socio‐economical concerns and (ii) their geographical range is often little known. Here, we combined classical population genetics tools and approximate Bayesian computation (i.e. ABC) to retrace the dynamics of Tracheliastes polycolpus, a poorly documented pathogenic ectoparasite emerging in Western Europe that threatens several freshwater fish species. Our results strongly suggest that populations of T. polycolpus in France emerged from individuals originating from a unique genetic pool that were most likely introduced in the 1920s in central France. From this initial population, three waves of colonization occurred into peripheral watersheds within the next two decades. We further demonstrated that populations remained at low densities, and hence undetectable, during 10 years before a major demographic expansion occurred, and before its official detection in France. These findings corroborate and expand the few historical records available for this emerging pathogen. More generally, our study demonstrates how ABC can be used to determine the status, reconstruct the colonization history and infer key evolutionary parameters of emerging wildlife pathogens with low data availability, and for which samples from the putative native area are inaccessible.
Emerging patterns of genetic variation in the New Zealand endemic scallop Pecten novaezelandiae
Authors: Silva Catarina N. S. , Gardner Jonathan P. A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBoth historical and contemporary processes influence the genetic structure of species, but the relative roles of such processes are still difficult to access. Population genetic studies of species with recent evolutionary histories such as the New Zealand endemic scallop Pecten novaezelandiae (<1 Ma) permit testing of the effects of recent processes affecting gene flow and shaping genetic structure. In addition, studies encompassing the entire distributional range of species can provide insight into colonization processes. Analyses of genetic variation in P. novaezelandiae (952 individuals from 14 locations, genotyped at 10 microsatellite loci) revealed a weak but significant regional structure across the distributional range of the species, as well as latitudinal gradients of genetic diversity and differentiation: estimates of migration rates supported these patterns. Our results suggest that the observed genetic structure and latitudinal gradients reflect a stepping‐stone model of colonization (north to south) and emerging divergence of populations as a result of ongoing limitations to gene flow and insufficient time to reach migration–drift equilibrium. The low levels of interpopulation and interregional genetic differentiation detected over hundreds of kilometres reflect the recent evolutionary history of P. novaezelandiae and stand in contrast to patterns reported for other evolutionary older species at the same spatial scale. The outcomes of this study contribute to a better understanding of evolutionary processes influencing the genetic variation of species and provide vital information on the genetic structure of P. novaezelandiae.
Modulation of Lactobacillus casei bacteriophage A2 lytic/lysogenic cycles by binding of Gp25 to the early lytic mRNA
Authors: Carrasco Begoña , Escobedo Susana , Alonso Juan C. , Suárez Juan E. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe genetic switch of Lactobacillus casei bacteriophage A2 is regulated by the CI protein, which represses the early lytic promoter PR and Cro that abolishes expression from the lysogenic promoter PL. Lysogens contain equivalent cI and cro‐gp25 mRNA concentrations, i.e., CI only partially represses PR, predicting a lytic cycle dominance. However, A2 generates stable lysogens. This may be due to Gp25 binding to the cro‐gp25 mRNA between the ribosomal binding site and the cro start codon, which abolishes its translation. Upon lytic cycle induction, CI is partially degraded, cro‐gp25 mRNA levels increase, and Cro accumulates, launching viral progeny production. The concomitant concentration increase of Gp25 restricts cro mRNA translation, which, together with the low but detectable levels of CI late during the lytic cycle, promotes reentry of part of the cell population into the lysogenic cycle, thus explaining the low proportion of L. casei lysogens that become lysed (∼ 1%). A2 shares its genetic switch structure with many other Firmicutes phages. The data presented may constitute a model of how these phages make the decision for lysis versus lysogeny.
NbRABG3f, a member of Rab GTPase, is involved in Bamboo mosaic virus infection in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Huang Ying‐Ping , Jhuo Jia‐Hua , Tsai Meng‐Shan , Tsai Ching‐Hsiu , Chen Hong‐Chi , Lin Na‐Sheng , Hsu Yau‐Heiu , Cheng Chi‐Ping 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe screening of differentially expressed genes in plants after pathogen infection can uncover the potential host factors required for the pathogens. In this study, an up‐regulated gene was identified and cloned from Nicotiana benthamiana plants after Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) inoculation. The up‐regulated gene was identified as a member of the Rab small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) family, and was designated as NbRABG3f according to its in silico translated product with high identity to that of RABG3f of tomato. Knocking down the expression of NbRABG3f using a virus‐induced gene silencing technique in a protoplast inoculation assay significantly reduced the accumulation of BaMV. A transiently expressed NbRABG3f protein in N. benthamiana plants followed by BaMV inoculation enhanced the accumulation of BaMV to approximately 150%. Mutants that had the catalytic site mutation (NbRABG3f/T22N) or had lost their membrane‐targeting capability (NbRABG3f/ΔC3) failed to facilitate the accumulation of BaMV in plants. Because the Rab GTPase is responsible for vesicle trafficking between organelles, a mutant with a fixed guanosine diphosphate form was used to identify the donor compartment. The use of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion revealed that GFP‐NbRABG3f/T22N clearly co‐localized with the Golgi marker. In conclusion, BaMV may use NbRABG3f to form vesicles derived from the Golgi membrane for intracellular trafficking to deliver unidentified factors to its replication site; thus, both GTPase activity and membrane‐targeting ability are crucial for BaMV accumulation at the cell level.
Nationalism studies between methodological nationalism and orientalism: an alternative approach illustrated with the case ofElGreco inToledo,Spain
Authors: Storm Eric 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMethodological nationalism is still dominant in nationalism studies. When studying the construction of national identities, scholars generally limit their study to the borders of one nation‐state, while only paying attention to members of that particular nation. Implicitly, foreign actors and influences are left out of the picture. I will challenge this methodological nationalism with a case study, which demonstrates that the place ofToledo within theSpanish national imagination, and more particularly that ofEl Greco, the most important representative of the city's artistic heritage, was largely determined by foreigners. During the nineteenth century,El Greco was rediscovered primarily by foreign scholars and artists. Moreover, it would be the rise of international tourism in the early twentieth century that convincedToledans to adoptEl Greco as the city's main artistic icon. This case, thus, clearly shows that in nationalism studies methodological nationalism can be avoided by also including foreign actors.
In pursuit of independence: the political economy of Catalonia's secessionist movement
Authors: Boylan Brandon M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article examines the fiscal dimensions of recent support for Catalan secession. Since the region is a cultural community distinct from the rest of Spain, much research has spotlighted national identity features in the calculus of Catalan political aspirations. This study supplements this work by contextualising support for Catalan independence in terms of the state's fiscal arrangements with the use of public opinion survey data. Even after controlling for self‐reported cultural identity and other relevant factors, it argues that support for independence is a function of grievances rooted in the desire for Catalonia to assume responsibility for taxation and spending policy. Meanwhile, it validates some observations about Catalonia's separatist movement, while bringing others into question, and offers support for the theoretical framework linking political economy to secessionism. The results suggest that Spain might be able to stave off Catalonia's separatist bid through some form of political and taxation policy reconfiguration, with the caveats that cultural identity factors and the existence of other separatist movements across the country complicate this strategy.
John Breuilly: ‘Eric Hobsbawm: nationalism and revolution’
Authors: Breuilly John 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article considers how Eric Hobsbawm (1917–2012) connected the concepts of revolution and nationalism, analysing this in relation to his biography, his politics and his work as a professional historian. It traces major changes in Hobsbawm's understanding of revolution and nationalism as he, the political world and the ways of writing history all changed over the course of his long life.
Evaluation of glottic view through Air‐Q Intubating Laryngeal Airway in the supine and lateral position and assessing it as a conduit for blind endotracheal intubation in children in the supine position
Authors: Pandey Ravinder Kumar , Subramanium Raj Kumar , Darlong Vanlal , Lekha Chandra , Garg Rakesh , Punj Jyotsna , Rewari Vimi , Bajpai Meenu 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIntroductionWe assessed the feasibility of blind orotracheal intubation in children using the Air‐QILA as a conduit in supine position and the glottic view grading by fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) through it both in supine and lateral positions.MethodsAfter ethical approval and consent, 60 children were enrolled in the study. In the operating room, after attaching standard monitors to all children, anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane (2–8%) in oxygen (100%). Once the children became sedated, an i.v. access was established and injection glycopyrrolate (10 μg·kg−1), fentanyl (2 μg·kg−1), and atracurium (0.5 mg·kg−1) were administered. After 3 min, the Air‐QILA was placed in supine position and glottic view was assessed by using FOB, in supine and right lateral decubitus position. In all children, gradings of glottic view in two different positions were noted. After that all children were turned supine, and orotracheal intubation was done blindly through the Air‐QILA. The success rate, insertion time of the Air‐QILA, and endotracheal intubation were noted.ResultsThe Air‐QILA placement was successful in 57 children in first attempt and three children required second attempt. However, blind endotracheal intubations through the Air‐QILA were successful in 38 children in first attempt and 12 children required second attempt. In the remaining 10 children, where blind endotracheal intubation through the Air‐QILA remained unsuccessful, conventional laryngoscopy was performed. In supine and lateral positions, Grade 1 glottic view was seen in 41 and 38 of total 60 patients, respectively. Turning of all children from supine to lateral decubitus position resulted in the deterioration of grading of glottic view in eight children and improvement in two children (P = 0.001 ).ConclusionThe Air‐QILA is an easy to place supraglottic airway device with excellent airway seal and low airway morbidity. It may be useful as a conduit for blind orotracheal intubation in supine position and can be used as an effective alternative to FOB in low resource settings.