bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity as a Mediator of the Influence of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Cardiometabolic Risk: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Díez-Fernández Ana , Sánchez-López Mairena , Mora-Rodríguez Ricardo , Notario-Pacheco Blanca , Torrijos-Niño Coral , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente 
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE
The relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is well known, although the extent to which body weight may act as a confounder or mediator in this relationship is uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine whether the association between CRF and cardiometabolic risk factors is mediated by BMI.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study including 1,158 schoolchildren aged 8–11 years from the province of Cuenca, Spain, was undertaken. We measured height, weight, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, fasting plasma lipid profile and insulin, and CRF (20-m shuttle run test). A validated cardiometabolic risk index was estimated by summing standardized z scores of WC, log triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and log fasting insulin. To assess whether the association between CRF and cardiometabolic risk was mediated by BMI, linear regression models were fitted according to Baron and Kenny procedures for mediation analysis.

RESULTS
In girls, BMI acts as a full mediator in the relationship between CRF and cardiometabolic risk factors, with the exception of log TG/HDL-c ratio. In boys, BMI acts as a full mediator in the relationship between CRF and both log TG/HDL-c ratio and MAP, and as a partial mediator in the relationship between CRF and cardiometabolic risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS
BMI mediates the association between CRF and MetS in schoolchildren. Overall, good levels of CRF are associated with lower cardiometabolic risk, particularly when accompanied by weight reduction.
Ambulatory Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in the U.S., 1997–2012
Authors: Turner Lydia W. , Nartey David , Stafford Randall S. , Singh Sonal , Alexander G. Caleb 
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE
Type 2 diabetes is increasingly common and associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. This study examines trends in the patterns and costs of drug treatment of type 2 diabetes from 1997 to 2012.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted descriptive analyses of cross-sectional data using the IMS Health National Disease and Therapeutic Index, a nationally representative audit of ambulatory physician practices in the U.S. We focused on visits for diabetes among patients 35 years of age or older. We used the IMS Health National Prescription Audit of pharmacy dispensing to derive information about drug expenditures.

RESULTS
Ambulatory diabetes visits increased from 23 million treatment visits in 1997 (95% CI 21–25) to 35 million (32–37) in 2007 and declined to 31 million visits by 2012 (27–31). Between 1997 and 2012 biguanide use increased, from 23% (20–26) to 53% (50–56) of treatment visits. Glitazone use grew from 6% (4–8) in 1997 (41% [39–43] of all visits in 2005), but declined to 16% (14–18) by 2012. Since 2005, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor use increased steadily, representing 21% (18–23) of treatment visits by 2012. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists accounted for 4% of treatment visits in 2012. Visits where two or more drug compounds were used increased nearly 40% from 1997 to 2012. Between 2008 and 2012, drug expenditures increased 61%, driven primarily by use of insulin glargine and DPP-4 inhibitors.

CONCLUSIONS
Declining sulfonylurea and glitazone use has been offset by increases in DPP-4 inhibitor use and, to a lesser degree, use of GLP-1 agonists. Treatment of diabetes has grown in complexity while older treatments continue to be replaced or supplemented by newer therapies.
Les représentations sociales sur les violences conjugales : des résistances bien partagées
Authors: Houel Annik 
Published: November 2013

Le dossier d’instruction d’une affaire criminelle est un matériau de seconde main. Le Code pénal postule que l’instruction vise à la « manifestation de la vérité ». Mais on peut considérer qu’au contraire, ce qui se construit dans ce processus doit s’analyser comme une fiction à plusieurs auteurs : la police, le parquet, la psychiatrie. L’intérêt pour le psychosociologue est de saisir les représentations à l’œuvre quant au genre.
Violences conjugales, violences théoriques. La psychanalyse à l'épreuve du genre
Authors: Ayouch Thamy , Salomão de la Plata Cury Tardivo Leila 
Published: November 2013

Cet article a pour visée d’analyser certaines théorisations psychanalytiques de la violence conjugale, à la lumière d’une expérience clinique auprès de femmes souffrant de violences conjugales dans la banlieue de São Paulo. Cette recherche s’inscrit dans une étude mettant en correspondance la psyché et le champ social.Traduisant une indissociabilité entre recherche, clinique et théorisation, la psychanalyse n’est point d’abord une théorie mais une méthode liée à un objet, l’inconscient, rendu positif par une procédure de recherche et une technique.Comment penser alors une théorisation susceptible de rendre compte de la singularité social-historique de la violence conjugale contre les femmes ? Littéralisant ou imaginarisant des textes freudiens ou lacaniens, bien des interprétations psychanalytiques font état d’une position masochiste féminine essentialisée, ou d’une lecture réduite du phallus.La violence conjugale contre les femmes repose, à nouveaux frais, la question de l’historicité de la théorisation, de son inscription sociale, culturelle, politique, autant d’interrogations que les théories du genre ne manquent pas de formuler à la psychanalyse.La confrontation à la signification clinique et historique de la violence conjugale contre les femmes est alors une occasion d’éviter qu’une métapsychologie figée, an-historique, ne devienne paradoxale résistance à la psychanalyse.
Violences masculines et angoisses d'abandon
Authors: De Neuter Patrick 
Published: November 2013

L’auteur déplie dans cet article la cause la plus fréquente de la violence masculine au sein du couple : l’abandon et la crainte de l’abandon par la compagne. À partir de son expérience clinique et de son enquête bibliographique envisageant le texte freudien, les témoignages de responsables de maisons d’hébergement spécialisé, les publications psychiatriques et les enquêtes psychosociologiques, il propose diverses hypothèses explicatives, notamment l’importance subjective du lien amoureux et la répétition de « l’abandon » par la Mère de la petite enfance. Il précise bien que comprendre n’est pas justifier .
Une femme, objet d'amour ou fétiche ?
Authors: Lippi Silvia 
Published: November 2013

Paradoxalement, une femme peut être maltraitée car elle est trop aimée : la dépendance amoureuse d’un homme pour une femme peut être à l’origine de sa violence. La femme devient alors l’ objet dont l’homme se sert – ou mieux, croit se servir – à sa guise.Certaines femmes se plaignent d’être considérées comme des objets par leurs hommes. C’est le cas de Véronique, qui est venue me voir pour sortir d’une relation douloureuse avec un homme qui la rabaisse et la considère comme un objet, me dit-elle, un objet censé satisfaire toutes ses envies et ses caprices. Véronique est pour cet homme un bel objet, un objet précieux, irremplaçable, et pourtant, il ne veut pas reconnaître qu’il l’aime en tant que femme . Pourquoi ce bel objet ne peut-il pas être en même temps, pour cet homme, une femme aimée ? Est-il plus facile, pour certains hommes, d’être dépendants d’un objet plutôt que d’une personne ?
Attaques cumulées des liens de filiation et d'affiliation : quel devenir pour l'enfant ?
Authors: Feldman Marion 
Published: November 2013

Pour échapper à la déportation qui menaçait tous les Juifs d’Europe pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, un certain nombre d’enfants ont été contraints de vivre cachés pour assurer leur survie. Ces enfants ont été exposés à des pertes, des privations et des frayeurs multiples. Les attaques des liens de filiation et d’affiliation sont au cœur de la problématique traumatique des « enfants cachés ». Elles ont des répercussions sur leur construction individuelle. La plupart d’entre eux connaissent une errance affiliatoire, avec souvent une recherche renouvelée d’appartenance à un groupe. Déculturés, les « enfants cachés » cherchent alors à adhérer à un groupe dans l’intention de refermer un processus resté en suspens. En parallèle, nombreux sont ceux qui ont maintenu enfouie leur affiliation originelle, jusqu’à la reconnaissance collective tardive de leur souffrance, en 1991.
Identification of TLR10 as a Key Mediator of the Inflammatory Response to Listeria monocytogenes in Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Macrophages
Authors: Regan Tim , Nally Ken , Carmody Ruaidhri , Houston Aileen , Shanahan Fergus , MacSharry John , Brint Elizabeth 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium that can cause septicemia and meningitis. TLRs are central receptors of the innate immune system that drive inflammatory responses to invading microbes such as L. monocytogenes. Although intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) represent the initial point of entry used by L. monocytogenes for infection, the innate immune response to L. monocytogenes in these cells has been poorly characterized to date. The aim of this study was to determine which TLRs are involved in mediating the immune response to L. monocytogenes in IECs. We performed an RNA interference screen of TLRs 1–10 in the HT-29 IEC cell line and observed the most significant reduction in chemokine output following silencing of TLR10. This effect was also observed in the macrophage cell line THP-1. The chemokines CCL20, CCL1, and IL-8 were reduced following knockdown of TLR10. Silencing of TLR10 resulted in increased viability of L. monocytogenes in both HT-29 and THP-1 cells. TLR10 was found to be predominantly expressed intracellularly in epithelia, and activation required viable L. monocytogenes. NF-κB activation was seen to require TLR2 in addition to TLR10. Taken together, these data indicate novel roles for TLR10 in sensing pathogenic infection in both the epithelium and macrophages and have identified L. monocytogenes as a source of ligand for the orphan receptor TLR10.
Differential Reconstitution of T Cell Subsets following Immunodepleting Treatment with Alemtuzumab (Anti-CD52 Monoclonal Antibody) in Patients with Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Zhang Xin , Tao Yazhong , Chopra Manisha , Ahn Mihye , Marcus Karen L. , Choudhary Neelima , Zhu Hongtu , Markovic-Plese Silva 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Alemtuzumab (anti-CD52 mAb) provides long-lasting disease activity suppression in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The objective of this study was to characterize the immunological reconstitution of T cell subsets and its contribution to the prolonged RRMS suppression following alemtuzumab-induced lymphocyte depletion. The study was performed on blood samples from RRMS patients enrolled in the CARE-MS II clinical trial, which was recently completed and led to the submission of alemtuzumab for U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval as a treatment for RRMS. Alemtuzumab-treated patients exhibited a nearly complete depletion of circulating CD4+ lymphocytes at day 7. During the immunological reconstitution, CD4+CD25+CD127low regulatory T cells preferentially expanded within the CD4+ lymphocytes, reaching their peak expansion at month 1. The increase in the percentage of TGF-β1–, IL-10–, and IL-4–producing CD4+ cells reached a maximum at month 3, whereas a significant decrease in the percentages of Th1 and Th17 cells was detected at months 12 and 24 in comparison with the baseline. A gradual increase in serum IL-7 and IL-4 and a decrease in IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, and IFN-γ levels were detected following treatment. In vitro studies have demonstrated that IL-7 induced an expansion of CD4+CD25+CD127low regulatory T cells and a decrease in the percentages of Th17 and Th1 cells. In conclusion, our results indicate that differential reconstitution of T cell subsets and selectively delayed CD4+ T cell repopulation following alemtuzumab-induced lymphopenia may contribute to its long-lasting suppression of disease activity.
Mobile Technology, Cancer Prevention, and Health Status among Diverse, Low-Income Adults
Authors: Purnell Jason Q. , Griffith Julia , Eddens Katherine S. , Kreuter Matthew W. 
Published: November 2013

Purpose. Characterize mobile technology ownership, use, and relationship to self-reported cancer prevention behaviors and health status in a diverse, low-income sample of callers to 2-1-1. Design. Secondary analyses of cross-sectional survey data from a larger trial collected from June 2010 to December 2012. Setting. United Way Missouri 2-1-1 serves 99 of 114 counties and received 166,000 calls in 2011. Subjects. The respondents (baseline, n = 1898; 4 month, n = 1242) were predominantly female, non-Hispanic Black, younger than 50 years, with high-school education or less and annual income < $20,000. Measures. Cell phone ownership and use and its relationship to cancer prevention services and health status were assessed via telephone-based survey, using items adapted from previous research and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Smartphone ownership and use were also assessed. Analysis. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate associations between cell phone ownership and prevention and health status are reported. Results. Three-fourths (74%) of study participants owned a cell phone and 23% owned a smartphone. Text messaging was the most popular use. Ownership was significantly associated with good to excellent health status and presence of smoke-free home policies in multivariate models. Conclusion. Cell phone ownership is growing and has potential to deliver health information to low-income populations. With 16 million calls annually, the national 2-1-1 system may be a promising model and platform.
Childhood Obesity Prevention Interventions in Childcare Settings: Systematic Review of Randomized and Nonrandomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhou Yuan E. , Emerson Janice S. , Levine Robert S. , Kihlberg Courtney J. , Hull Pamela C. 
Published: November 2013

Objective. Childcare settings are an opportune location for early intervention programs seeking to prevent childhood obesity. This article reports on a systematic review of controlled trials of obesity prevention interventions in childcare settings. Data Source. The review was limited to English language articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, and Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) between January 2000 and April 2012. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Inclusion criteria: childhood obesity prevention interventions in childcare settings using controlled designs that reported adiposity and behavior outcomes. Exclusion criteria: no interventions, non-childcare settings, clinical weight loss programs, non-English publications. Data Extraction. Publications were identified by key word search. Two authors reviewed eligible studies to extract study information and study results. Data Synthesis. Qualitative synthesis was conducted, including tabulation of information and a narrative summary. Results. Fifteen studies met the eligibility criteria. Seven studies reported improvements in adiposity. Six of the 13 interventions with dietary components reported improved intake or eating behaviors. Eight of the 12 interventions with physical activity components reported improved activity levels or physical fitness. Conclusion. Evidence was mixed for all outcomes. Results should be interpreted cautiously given the high variability in study designs and interventions. Further research needs long-term follow-up, multistrategy interventions that include changes in the nutrition and physical activity environment, reporting of cost data, and consideration of sustainability.
Organization of Primary Care Practice for Providing Energy Balance Care
Authors: Klabunde Carrie N. , Clauser Steven B. , Liu Benmei , Pronk Nicolaas P. , Ballard-Barbash Rachel , Huang Terry T.-K. , Smith Ashley Wilder 
Published: November 2013

Purpose. Primary care physicians (PCPs) may not adequately counsel or monitor patients regarding diet, physical activity, and weight control (i.e., provide energy balance care). We assessed the organization of PCPs' practices for providing this care. Design. The study design was a nationally representative survey conducted in 2008. Setting. The study setting was U.S. primary care practices. Subjects. A total of 1740 PCPs completed two sequential questionnaires (response rate, 55.5%). Measures. The study measured PCPs' reports of practice resources, and the frequency of body mass index assessment, counseling, referral for further evaluation/management, and monitoring of patients for energy balance care. Analysis. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression modeling were used. Results. More than 80% of PCPs reported having information resources on diet, physical activity, or weight control available in waiting/exam rooms, but fewer billed (45%), used reminder systems (< 30%), or received incentive payments (3%) for energy balance care. A total of 26% reported regularly assessing body mass index and always/often providing counseling as well as tracking patients for progress related to energy balance. In multivariate analyses, PCPs in practices with full electronic health records or those that bill for energy balance care provided this care more often and more comprehensively. There were strong specialty differences, with pediatricians more likely (odds ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.26–2.51) and obstetrician/gynecologists less likely (odds ratio, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.17–0.44) than others to provide energy balance care. Conclusion. PCPs' practices are not well organized for providing energy balance care. Further research is needed to understand PCP care-related specialty differences.
Household Food Insecurity and Dietary Intake among Mexican-American Women Participating in Federal Food Assistance Programs
Authors: Hilmers Angela , Chen Tzu-An , Cullen Karen W. 
Published: November 2013

Purpose. To explore the association between food insecurity and dietary intake among Mexican-American women after controlling for sociocultural and economic factors including participation in federal food assistance programs. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Three cities in Texas. Subjects. Seven hundred seven Mexican-American women (26–44 years). Measures. Demographics, anthropometrics, acculturation, and food security status were obtained using validated measures. Dietary intake was assessed by a 24-hour dietary food record. Analysis. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between individual and household characteristics on food security status. One-way analysis of covariance tested the association between food security status and dietary intake after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, acculturation, body mass index, participation in federal food assistance programs, and energy intake. Results. About 77% of food-insecure women participated in at least one federal food assistance program. Each additional child in the household increased the odds of being food insecure by 25%. A higher proportion of obese women was found in the food-insecure group. No significant differences in dietary intake were found by food security status. Conclusion. Food insecurity did not negatively influence dietary intake independently of women's participation in federal food assistance programs. Food security did not ensure consumption of nutritionally adequate foods. Educational and food assistance programs need to be optimized to facilitate enrollment and improve the nutritional status of this ethnic group, food secure or not.
Time Perspective and Exercise, Obesity, and Smoking: Moderation of Associations by Age
Authors: Guthrie Lori C. , Butler Stephen C. , Lessl Kristen , Ochi Onyinyechukwu , Ward Michael M. 
Published: November 2013

Purpose. Time perspective, a psychological construct denoting subjective orientation to either present or future concerns, has been inconsistently associated with healthy behaviors in adults. We hypothesized that associations would be stronger in young adults, who are first developing independent attitudes, than in older adults. Design. Cross-sectional survey. Setting. The study was conducted in three cities in the Mid-Atlantic region. Subjects. Subjects were 790 patrons of barber and beauty shops. Measures. Measures used were the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory future, present-fatalistic, and present-hedonistic subscales and current smoking, days per week of recreational exercise, and height and weight, by self-report. Analysis. We tested if associations between time perspective and exercise, obesity, and current smoking differed by age group (18–24 years, 25–34 years, and 35 years and older) using analysis of variance and logistic regression. Results. Higher future time perspective scores, indicating greater focus on future events, was associated with more frequent exercise, whereas higher present-fatalistic time perspective scores, indicating more hopelessness, was associated with less frequent exercise in 18- to 24-year-olds, but not in older individuals. Lower future time perspective scores, and higher present-hedonistic time perspective scores, indicating interest in pleasure-seeking, were also associated with obesity only in 18- to 24-year-olds. Current smoking was not related to time perspective in any age group. Conclusion. Time perspective has age-specific associations with exercise and obesity, suggesting stages when time perspective may influence health behavior decision making.
The Effects of Short-Term Relaxation Therapy on Indices of Heart Rate Variability and Blood Pressure in Young Adults
Authors: Pal Gopal Krushna , Ganesh Venkata , Karthik Shanmugavel , Nanda Nivedita , Pal Pravati 
Published: November 2013

Purpose. Assessment of short-term practice of relaxation therapy on autonomic and cardiovascular functions in first-year medical students. Design. Case-control, interventional study. Setting. Medical college laboratory. Subjects. Sixty-seven medical students, divided into two groups: study group (n = 35) and control group (n = 32). Intervention. Study group subjects practiced relaxation therapy (shavasana with a soothing background music) daily 1 hour for 6 weeks. Control group did not practice relaxation techniques. Measures. Cardiovascular parameters and spectral indices of heart rate variability (HRV) were recorded before and after the 6-week practice of relaxation therapy. Analysis. The data between the groups and the data before and after practice of relaxation techniques were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Student t-test. In the study group, prediction of low-frequency to high-frequency ratio (LF-HF) of HRV, the marker of sympathovagal balance, to blood pressure (BP) status was assessed by logistic regression. Results. In the study group, there was significant reduction in heart rate (p = .0001), systolic (p = .0010) and diastolic (p = .0021) pressure, and rate pressure product (p < .0001), and improvement in HRV indices, following 6 weeks of relaxation therapy. As determined by regression model, prediction of LF-HF to BP status was more significant (odds ratio, 2.7; p = .009) after practice of relaxation therapy. There was no significant alteration in these parameters in control subjects. Conclusion. Short-term practice of relaxation therapy can improve autonomic balance and promote cardiovascular health of medical students. Sympathovagal balance is directly linked to BP status in these individuals.