bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Adolescents With High Mental Toughness Levels More Resilient Against Stress?
Authors: Gerber Markus , Kalak Nadeem , Lemola Sakari , Clough Peter J. , Perry John L. , Pühse Uwe , Elliot Catherine , Holsboer‐Trachsler Edith , Brand Serge 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMental toughness has been explored predominantly within sport contexts. Nevertheless, it is difficult to conceive mental toughness as only applicable to athletes. This study examines whether mentally tough participants exhibit resilience against stress. This is a cross‐sectional study based on two different samples: Sample 1 consisted of 284 high school students (99 males, 185 females, M = 18.3 years). Sample 2 consisted of 140 first through fifth semester undergraduate students (53 males, 87 females, M = 20.0 years). Participants provided information about their level of perceived stress (10‐item Perceived Stress Scale), mental toughness (48‐item Mental Toughness Questionnaire) and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory). Consistent across the two samples, mental toughness mitigated the relationship between high stress and depressive symptoms. The interaction between stress and mental toughness explained 2% of variance in the adolescent sample and 10% of variance among young adults. The promotion of protective factors that foster resilient adaptation is a relevant issue. Mental toughness may appeal to individuals that are typically difficult to be reached with health interventions. Because mental toughness is part of young people's daily speech, it may serve as a less academic resource than other health psychology concepts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional helical computed tomography in prenatal diagnosis of fetal skeletal dysplasia
Authors: Macé G. , Sonigo P. , Cormier‐Daire V. , Aubry M.‐C. , Martinovic J. , Elie C. , Gonzales M. , Carbonne B. , Dumez Y. , Le Merrer M. , Brunelle F. , Benachi A. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTObjectives(1) To study the use and diagnostic value, as a complement to ultrasound, of helical computed tomography (helical CT) to differentiate normal fetuses from cases of skeletal dysplasia; (2) to define the most relevant indications for helical CT; and (3) to evaluate its diagnostic performance with respect to radiological criteria considered discriminatory.MethodsThis was a retrospective study from 2005 to 2008 in 67 pregnant women who underwent helical CT after 26 weeks of gestation for suspected fetal skeletal dysplasia due to fetal shortened long bones on ultrasound (≤ 10thpercentile), either alone or associated with other bone abnormalities. The results were compared with pediatric examinations in 41 cases and with fetal autopsy findings after elective termination of pregnancy in the others.ResultsHelical CT had a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 91% and positive and negative predictive values of 90% and 83%, respectively, for diagnosis of fetal skeletal dysplasia. An etiological diagnosis that had not been suspected at ultrasound was specified in 15% of cases and diagnoses suspected at ultrasound were confirmed in 24% and discounted in 43% of cases. The prevalence of skeletal dysplasia was increased in cases of micromelia < 3rd percentile or if there was a combination of bone signs. Helical CT showed 69% sensitivity in identifying individual predefined pathological bone signs which were confirmed on fetal autopsy findings.ConclusionHelical CT is a key examination, in combination with ultrasound, in the diagnosis of fetal skeletal dysplasia from 26 weeks of gestation. It should be reserved for cases with severe micromelia below the 3rd percentile and for those with micromelia ≤ 10th percentile associated with another bone sign. A checklist of discriminatory signs is proposed. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Körperliches Training bei mitochondrialen Erkrankungen
Authors: Petersen J.A. , Toigo M. , Frese S. , Jung H.H. 
Published: September 2012

Zusammenfassung
Körperliches Training gilt bei mitochondrialen Myopathien als einer der vielversprechendsten therapeutischen Ansätze. Effektivität und Sicherheit sind bewiesen. Ausdauer- und Krafttraining haben unterschiedliche Wirkungen auf die Muskulatur von Patienten mit mitochondrialer Myopathie: Als therapeutischer Mechanismus des Krafttrainings gilt das so genannte „gene shifting“, die trainingsinduzierte Verschiebung des Anteils mutierter mitochondrialer DNS (mtDNS) zugunsten von Wildtyp-mtDNS durch Induktion muskulärer Satellitenzellen. Ausdauertraining regt die mitochondriale Biogenese an und hilft somit, den Circulus vitiosus aus verringertem Mitochondriengehalt, verringerter Kapazität der oxidativen Phosphorylierung, Belastungsintoleranz und daraus resultierender fortschreitender muskulärer Dekonditionierung zu durchbrechen. Die Effektivität und die Sicherheit medikamentöser Induktoren der mitochondrialen Biogenese – möglicherweise in Kombination mit Training – könnten Gegenstand künftiger Untersuchungen sein.
From Titanic to Costa Concordia—a century of lessons not learned
Authors: Schröder-Hinrichs Jens-Uwe , Hollnagel Erik , Baldauf Michael 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The recent foundering of the Costa Concordia in January 2012 demonstrated that accidents can occur even with ships that are considered masterpieces of modern technology and despite more than 100 years of regulatory and technological progress in maritime safety. The purpose of this paper is, however, not to speculate about the concrete causes of the Costa Concordia accident, but rather to consider some human and organizational factors that were present in the Costa Concordia accident as well as in the foundering of the Titanic a century ago, and which can be found in many other maritime accidents over the years. The paper argues that these factors do not work in isolation but in combination and often together with other underlying factors. The paper critically reviews the focus of maritime accident investigations and points out that these factors do not receive sufficient attention. It is argued that the widespread confidence in the efficacy of new or improved technical regulations, that characterizes the recommendations from most maritime accident investigations, has led to a lack of awareness of complex interactions of factors and components in socio-technical systems. If maritime safety is to be sustainably improved, a systemic focus must be adopted in future accident investigations.
Flow around six in-line square cylinders
Authors: Sewatkar C. M. , Patel Rahul , Sharma Atul , Agrawal Amit 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe flow around six in-line square cylinders has been studied numerically and experimentally for$0. 5\leq s/ d\leq 10. 0$and$80\leq \mathit{Re}\leq 320$, where$s$is the surface-to-surface distance between two cylinders,$d$is the size of the cylinder and$\mathit{Re}$is the Reynolds number. The effect of spacing on the flow regimes is initially studied numerically at$\mathit{Re}= 100$for which asynchronousflow regime is observed for$0. 5\leq s/ d\leq 1. 1$, whilequasi-periodic-I,quasi-periodic-IIandchaoticregimes occur between$1. 2\leq s/ d\leq 1. 3$,$1. 4\leq s/ d\leq 5. 0$and$6. 0\leq s/ d\leq 10. 0$, respectively. These regimes have been confirmed via particle-image-velocimetry-based experiments. A flow regime map is proposed as a function of spacing and Reynolds number. The flow is predominantly quasi-periodic-II or chaotic at higher Reynolds numbers. The quasi-periodic and chaotic nature of the flow is due to the wake interference effect of the upstream cylinders which becomes more severe at higher Reynolds numbers. The appearance of flow regimes is opposite to that for a row of cylinders. The Strouhal number for vortex shedding is the same for all the cylinders, especially for synchronous and quasi-periodic-I flow regimes. The mean drag (${C}_{Dmean} $) experienced by the cylinders is less than that for an isolated cylinder, irrespective of the spacing. The first cylinder is relatively insensitive to the presence of downstream cylinders and the${C}_{Dmean} $is almost constant at 1.2. The${C}_{Dmean} $for the second and third cylinders may be negative, with the value of${C}_{Dmean} $increasing monotonically with spacing. The changes in root mean square lift coefficient are consistent with changes in${C}_{Dmean} $. Interestingly, the instantaneous lift force can be larger than the instantaneous drag force on the cylinders. These results should help improve understanding of flow around multiple bluff bodies.
Transition models from the quenched to ignited states for flows of inertial particles suspended in a simple sheared viscous fluid
Authors: Parmentier J.-F. , Simonin O. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA review of existing theories for flows of inertial particles suspended in an unbounded sheared viscous fluid is presented first. A comparison between theoretical predictions and numerical simulation results is made for Stokes numbers from $1$ to $10$ in dilute and dense flows. Both particle agitation and anisotropy coefficients are examined, showing that neither of them is able to give satisfactory results in dense flows. A more precise calculation of collisional contributions to the balance law of the particle stress tensor is presented. Results of the corresponding theory are in very good agreement with numerical simulations both in dilute and dense flows.
Tough Lovelies
Authors: Cooke Glenn R. 
Published: September 2012

When surveying the histories of plants under cultivation, one becomes immediately aware of the vagaries of shifting tastes. So it is with one of my favourite plants: the hardy croton, Codaieum variegatum. It was a popular hot-house plant in Europe during the nineteenth century, when colourful and variegated plants from the far corners of the world were all the rage. In the late part of the nineteenth century, these plants made their way to Australia, and were especially cultivated in Queensland. Even in sub-tropical Brisbane, plants can lose all their leaves in cold snaps during the mild winters, but further north, Queensland has a plant that can offer gardens a wide variety of colour and leaf shape. For a plant from the tropics, they are remarkably drought tolerant and have proved their resilience in both summer's heat and humidity, and our occasional extended droughts.
From K'gari to World Heritage
Authors: Lennon Jane 
Published: September 2012

The blue crane fishing in Cooloola’s twilightHas fished there longer than our centuriesHe is the certain heir of lake and evening,And he will wear their colour till he dies;But I’m a stranger, come of a conquering people . . .And walking on clean sand among the printsof bird and animal, I am challenged by a driftwood spearthrust from the water . . .
These lines from Judith Wright's poem At Cooloola (1955) remind us that Fraser Island is not just the world's largest sand island, but has a human presence. However, it is the largest sand island in the world, covering 1,840 square kilometres, and in 1992 it was inscribed on the World Heritage List in recognition of its outstanding and universal natural values.
A House of Sticks
Authors: Watson Donald 
Published: September 2012

Some years ago, when South-East Queensland was threatened with being overrun with Tuscan villas, the Brisbane architect John Simpson proposed that revenge should be taken on Italy by exporting timber and tin shacks in large numbers to Tuscany. The Queenslanders would be going home – albeit as colonial cousins – taking with them their experience of the sub-tropics. Without their verandahs but with their pediments intact, the form and planning, fenestration and detailing can be interpreted as Palladian, translated into timber, the material originally available in abundance for building construction. ‘High-set’, the local term for South-East Queensland's raised houses, denotes a feature that is very much the traditional Italian piano nobile [‘noble floor’]: the principal living areas on a first floor with a rusticated façade of battens infilling between stumps and shaped on the principal elevation as a superfluous arcade to a non-existent basement storey. Queensland houses were very Italianate.
RATOONED LOWLAND NERICA RICE VARIETIES AS AN OPTION FOR TRIPLE CROPPING IN INLAND VALLEYS OF DERIVED SAVANNAH IN NIGERIA
Authors: ADIGBO S. O. , OLOJEDE M. O. , HARRIS P. J. C. , AJAYI O. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYAlthough triple cropping in inland valleys of Nigeria is technically feasible, the third crop between the main crop and dry season non-rice crop has been considered not to be economically viable because of poor crop establishment due to soil inundation. The identification of an appropriate technology with low input, such as ratooning, would allow this niche to be utilized. Field experiments were conducted at the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria in 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 cropping seasons to evaluate the performance of the main and ratooned crops of lowland NERICA (New Rice for Africa) rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in a lowland rice–ratooned rice–fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F.) sequence. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The lowland rice varieties used were NERICA-L 19, NERICA-L 20, NERICA-L 22, NERICA-L 24, OFADA, NERICA-L 26, NERICA-L 41, NERICA-L 42, NERICA-L 44 and NERICA-L 47. The grain yield of the main rice crop ranged from 5.0 to 7.3 t ha−1 in 2007–2008 cropping season and from 4.1 to 9.1 t ha−1 in 2008–2009. The ratooned rice had a grain yield of 1.0–4.7 t ha−1 in 2007–2008 and 1.2–3.4 t ha−1 in 2008–2009. The total grain yield obtained in 2007–2008 from the main and ratooned rice crops in seven months was 6.7–11.6 t ha−1, while in 2008–2009 it was 5.3–2.6 t ha−1. The fresh leaf yield of fluted pumpkin ranged from 14.6 to 16.9 t ha−1 in 2007–2008 and from 18.3 to 19.8 t ha−1 in 2008–2009, similar to previously reported rainy season unfertilized yields. Thus, a ratooned rice crop appears to be a feasible technology capable of boosting rice production and consequently increasing the overall productivity of the inland valley in a rice–rice–vegetable cropping sequence.
MANAGEMENT OF RED RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) AND BARNYARDGRASS (ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI) GROWN WITH SORGHUM WITH REDUCED RATE OF ATRAZINE AND MECHANICAL METHODS
Authors: ANDRES ANDRÉ , CONCENÇO GERMANI , THEISEN GIOVANI , GALON LEANDRO , TESIO FRANCO 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThe weedy variety ofOryza sativaoccurs in several rice cultivation areas reducing both grain yield and quality. Prevention and crop rotation are considered the basic means to reduce its presence. Weed control in sorghum is generally attained with atrazine. In this study, the efficacy of both chemical and mechanical methods for control, under different soil tillage conditions, of weedy rice and barnyardgrass during sorghum cultivation was evaluated with the aim to reduce the application rate of atrazine. In the case of chemical control, the atrazine rate (1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 ga.i.ha−1) and application timing (pre- and post-emergence) were assessed. With the mechanical control method, the number of interventions (inter-row hoeing with sorghum at 3, 4–5 and 6–8 leaves) to avoid weed competition was determined. The effect of the tillage system on weed population was investigated comparing conventional (ploughing), minimum-tillage (disc harrowing) and sod seeding (no-tillage) in combination with pre- and post-emergence herbicide treatments. The results showed that efficient control of weedy rice and barnyardgrass was achieved in lowlands with sorghum in rotation with rice. Both chemical and mechanical methods of weed control in sorghum gave a level of efficiency higher than 60%. The application of atrazine was more efficient in pre-emergence application, rather than in post-emergence treatments, in all soil tillage systems tested. On both weed species, the most suitable application rate was the pre-emergence treatment with 1500 ga.i.ha−1, and the adoption of higher rates did not significantly increase the herbicidal efficacy. The adoption of two or three mechanical interventions resulted in sorghum yield higher than the chemical post-emergence application, and similar to the application of atrazine in pre-emergence. Higher yield results were in accordance to greater weed control, being obtained in the conventional tillage system.
UNSUCCESSFUL PRIOR ATTEMPTS TO TERMINATE PREGNANCY AMONG WOMEN SEEKING FIRST TRIMESTER ABORTION AT REGISTERED FACILITIES IN BIHAR AND JHARKHAND, INDIA
Authors: KUMAR RAJESH , ZAVIER A. J. FRANCIS , KALYANWALA SHVETA , JEJEEBHOY SHIREEN J. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryMany abortion seekers in India attempt to induce abortion on their own, by accessing oral medication/preparations from a chemist without a prescription or from an unauthorized provider, and present at registered facilities if these attempts fail. However, little is known about those whose efforts fail or the ways in which programmes and policies may address the needs of such women. This paper explores the experiences of women whose efforts failed, including their socio-demographic profile, the preparations they used, and the extent to which they experienced serious complications, delayed seeking care from an authorized provider, or delayed abortion until the second trimester of pregnancy. Data come from a larger study assessing the feasibility of the provision of medical abortion by non-physicians; a total of 3394 women who sought medical abortion from selected clinical settings in Bihar and Jharkhand between 2008 and 2010 constitute the sample. Prior to visiting the clinic, nearly a third of these women (31%) had made at least one unsuccessful attempt to terminate the unwanted pregnancy by using a range of oral medications/preparations available over-the-counter in medical shops. Logistic regression analysis suggests that educated women (OR 1.6–1.7), those from urban areas (OR 6.2) and those from Bihar (OR 1.6) were significantly more likely than women with no education, rural women and those from Jharkhand to have used such medication. Also notable is that the average gestational age of women who had made a previous attempt to terminate their pregnancy was almost identical to that of women who had not done so when they presented at the registered facility. These findings may inform policies and programmes that seek to identify and reduce the potential risks associated with unauthorized abortion-seeking practices, and highlight the need to fully inform women, chemists and providers about oral medications, what works and what does not, and how effective medication must be taken.
RELATIONSHIP OF FERTILITY WITH INTELLIGENCE AND EDUCATION IN TAIWAN: A BRIEF REPORT
Authors: CHEN HSIN-YI , CHEN YUNG-HUA , LIAO YUNG-KUN , CHEN HSIN-PING 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThis study estimates the effect of dysgenic trends in Taiwan by exploring the relationships among intelligence, education and fertility. Based on a representative adult sample, education and intelligence were negatively correlated with the number of children born. These correlations were stronger for females. The decline of genotypic intelligence was estimated as 0.82 to 1.33 IQ points per generation for the Taiwanese population.
Resilin-like protein in the clamp sclerites of the gill monogeneanDiplozoon paradoxumNordmann, 1832
Authors: WONG WEY LIM , MICHELS JAN , GORB STANISLAV N. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYResilin is a soft and elastic protein, which is found in many exoskeletal structures of arthropods. Proteins with similar chemical properties have been described for other invertebrates including monogenean fish parasites. However, for the latter taxon no clear microscopic evidence for a resilin-like protein has been shown so far. Here, we present the results of detailed microscopic analyses of the clamp sclerites (attachment devices) of the monogeneanDiplozoon paradoxum. Toluidine blue, which is known to stain resilin, selectively stained the material in the clamp sclerites. In addition, when exposed to UV light, this material exhibited an intense blue autofluorescence. The emission spectrum of this autofluorescence has its maximum at 424 nm and is nearly identical to emission spectra of blue autofluorescences observed in 2 well-studied structures containing high proportions of resilin in the exoskeleton of the locustSchistocerca gregaria. The results strongly indicate that the sclerite material ofD. paradoxumcontains a resilin-like protein. The presence of such a protein likely enhances the attachment efficiency of the clamp sclerites and increases their lifetime.
The inscriptions of the Aleppo temple
Authors: Hawkins J.D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe location of the Temple of the Storm-God of Aleppo, one of the most famous cult-centres of antiquity, has long been a matter of speculation, but was finally revealed by excavations on Aleppo citadel begun in 1996. These have gradually uncovered the central cult-room of the temple with a rich inventory of sculptures datable to several phases of the construction. In 2003 came the dramatic exposure of a substantial Hieroglyphic Luwian inscription recording a dedication to the Storm-God by a ruler, Taita King of Palistin, incised alongside his own image standing in an attitude of reverence before the deity. This was followed in 2004–2005 by the discovery of a further, but broken, inscription on portal figures of the entrance, attributable to the same ruler. These inscriptions are datable by their palaeography approximately to the 11th century BC, a period previously regarded as a dark age lacking written records. They suggest the existence of a large and powerful kingdom in an area where the increasingly known archaeology shows an influx of people of Aegean connections bringing with them the distinctive Mycenaean IIIC pottery. A combination of the archaeological data and the evidence of the inscriptions begins to offer an outline history for this little-known age. This paper presents the first full publication of the inscriptions together with some comments on their background and implications.
ISTANBUL 2: a hieroglyphic fragment from Tabal in the Haluk Perk Collection
Authors: Taş İlknur , Weeden Mark 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe article publishes an unprovenanced fragment of a stele housed in the Haluk Perk Museum in Istanbul. Palaeography and manner of inscription suggest an origin in the eighth century BC in the region known to the Neo-Assyrians as Tabal. The new text is largely incomprehensible due to its fragmentary state, as well as the fact that it contains otherwise unattested words and signs. However, in one case, a rare combination of signs persuades us to revise the reading of part of another recently published hieroglyphic document from the same period and area. The Istanbul text appears to contain a historical narrative relating to a warlike encounter. The article presents the text in hand-copy, photo, transliteration and translation, as well as supplying a detailed philological commentary.