bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bladder cancer and occupational exposure to diesel and gasoline engine emissions among Canadian men
Authors: Latifovic Lidija , Villeneuve Paul J. , Parent Marie‐Élise , Johnson Kenneth C. , Kachuri Linda ,   the Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Group, Harris Shelley A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified diesel exhaust as a carcinogen based on lung cancer evidence; however, few studies have investigated the effect of engine emissions on bladder cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between occupational exposure to diesel and gasoline emissions and bladder cancer in men using data from the Canadian National Enhanced Cancer Surveillance System; a population‐based case–control study. This analysis included 658 bladder cancer cases and 1360 controls with information on lifetime occupational histories and a large number of possible cancer risk factors. A job‐exposure matrix for engine emissions was supplemented by expert review to assign values for each job across three dimensions of exposure: concentration, frequency, and reliability. Odds ratios (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic regression. Relative to unexposed, men ever exposed to high concentrations of diesel emissions were at an increased risk of bladder cancer (OR = 1.64, 0.87–3.08), but this result was not significant, and those with >10 years of exposure to diesel emissions at high concentrations had a greater than twofold increase in risk (OR = 2.45, 1.04–5.74). Increased risk of bladder cancer was also observed with >30% of work time exposed to gasoline engine emissions (OR = 1.59, 1.04–2.43) relative to the unexposed, but only among men that had never been exposed to diesel emissions. Taken together, our findings support the hypothesis that exposure to high concentrations of diesel engine emissions may increase the risk of bladder cancer.
Inhibition of UV‐induced matrix metabolism by a myristoyl tetrapeptide
Authors: Kwon Haeyoung , Ahn Eunsook , Kim Seon‐Young , Kang YeoHong , Kim Myung Ok , Jin Byung Suk , Park Seyeon 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRegulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) composition is important in tissue homeostasis and function. We screened small peptides for their ability to inhibit ultraviolet (UV)‐induced cell metabolism in epidermal fibroblasts. We found that UV irradiation increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and inflammatory gene expression in human Hs68 fibroblast cells. We also demonstrated that a myristoyl tetrapeptide with the amino acid sequence Gly‐Leu‐Phe‐Trp (mGLFW) suppressed the UV‐induced expression of MMPs and inflammatory genes. Moreover, mGLFW stimulated the expression of ECM proteins in Hs68 fibroblasts. In order to provide the mechanism of action for mGLFW, we investigated UV‐induced signaling changes in the presence of mGLFW using a cDNA microarray. UV exposure increased the expression of MMP genes, such as MMP1, MMP3, and MMP14, and inflammation‐related genes, including interleukin 1 receptor and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Treatment with mGLFW abrogated the UV‐induced expression of MMP‐related genes and inflammatory genes. In addition, mGLFW increased the expression of collagen genes, including COL1A1, COL1A2, and COL5A1. We examined whether the activation of AP‐1, a UV‐activated transcription factor, is suppressed by mGLFW. The results demonstrated that AP‐1 expression increased upon UV exposure and that this expression was inhibited by mGLFW. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that mGLFW reversed the effects of UV exposure by enhancing the expression of collagen proteins and suppressing the expression of MMPs, which degrade the ECM.
Dendritic Chiral Salen Titanium(IV) Catalysts Enforce the Cooperative Catalysis of Asymmetric Sulfoxidation
Authors: Chen Yaju , Tan Rong , Zhang Yaoyao , Zhao Guangwu , Yin Donghong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA series of new dendritic chiral salen TiIV catalysts was prepared by the covalent confinement of multiple chiral salen TiIV complexes on the periphery of a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer through a flexible ionic liquid (IL) linker. The characterization results suggested the presence of a dendritic PAMAM scaffold, IL spacer, and intact peripheral active sites in the catalysts. The unique dendritic structure of catalysts together with a flexible IL spacer enforced the intramolecular, cooperative catalysis of asymmetric sulfoxidation to result in improved catalytic efficiency and, especially, a remarkably high selectivity. A chemoselectivity of 90 % with an enantioselectivity of 85 % was obtained in the asymmetric sulfoxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide catalyzed by the dendritic catalyst, which was significantly higher than that observed for the neat complex (64 % chemoselectivity with 68 % enantioselectivity). Furthermore, the catalysts could be recovered easily by solvent precipitation for efficient reuse.
Selection of Highly SERS‐Active Nanostructures from a Size Gradient of Au Nanovoids on a Single Bipolar Electrode
Authors: Kayran Yasin U. , Eßmann Vera , Grützke Stefanie , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAs surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) crucially depends on the morphology of nanostructured metal surfaces, we developed a convenient approach to produce a size gradient of truncated spherical Au nanovoids on a single bipolar electrode. The continuous potential drop in solution implies a linearly changing interfacial potential difference at the wireless electrode, leading to a linearly changing rate of Au electrodeposition. Such a structural gradient enables fast and reproducible screening for those structures, evoking high SERS intensity in a particular experiment. The optimal Au deposition potential with respect to the highest SERS amplification was determined and applied for the fabrication of highly active SERS substrates.
Cyanoacetic Acid as a Masked Electrophile: Transition‐Metal‐Free Cyanomethylation of Amines and Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Wang Hongxiang , Shao Ying , Zheng Hao , Wang Hanghang , Cheng Jiang , Wan Xiaobing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUsing cyanoacetic acid as a masked electrophile, a new cyanomethylation reaction of amines and carboxylic acids was developed, producing a variety of α‐aminonitriles and cyanomethyl esters with good yields and excellent functionality tolerance. This protocol features simple manipulation, inexpensive reagents, and a wide substrate scope. Iodoacetonitrile was generated in situ from the iodination–decarboxylation of cyanoacetic acid in this transformation.
Facile Aluminum Reduction Synthesis of Blue TiO2 with Oxygen Deficiency for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Jing , Ji Guangbin , Zhang Peng , Cao Xingzhong , Wang Baoyi , Yu Linhui , Xu Zhichuan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn ultrafacile aluminum reduction method is reported herein for the preparation of blue TiO2 nanoparticles (donated as Al–TiO2, anatase phase) with abundant oxygen deficiency for lithium‐ion batteries. Under aluminum reduction, the morphology of the TiO2 nanosheets changes from well‐defined rectangular into uniform round or oval nanoparticles and the particle size also decreases from 60 to 31 nm, which can aggressively accelerate the lithium‐ion diffusion. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) results reveal that plentiful oxygen deficiencies relative to the Ti3+ species were generated in blue Al–TiO2; this effectively enhances the electron conductivity of the TiO2. X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) analysis indicates that a small peak is observed for the AlO bond, which probably plays a very important role in the stabilization of the oxygen deficiencies/Ti3+ species. As a result, the blue Al–TiO2 possesses significantly higher capacity, better rate performance, and a longer cycle life than the white pure TiO2. Such improvements can be attributed to the decreased particle size, as well as the existence of the oxygen deficiencies/Ti3+ species.
Synthesis of Hydroxypyrrolone Carboxamides Employing Selectfluor
Authors: Allmann Tim Carlo , Moldovan Rares‐Petru , Jones Peter G. , Lindel Thomas 
Published: October 2015

AbstractReaction of pyrrole‐2‐carboxamides with Selectfluor in MeCN/water (4:1) affords 2‐hydroxy‐5‐oxopyrrole‐2‐carboxamides in yields of up to 80 %. A variety of sensitive functional groups is tolerated, among them aldehydes and alkynes. The new method also works in the presence of allyl groups and appears to be superior to the use of singlet oxygen. Reaction of the monobrominated dihydropyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrazinone mukanadin C and its nonbrominated analogue afforded bicyclic hydroxypyrrolones. These compounds are interesting as they constitute a partial structure of the marine natural product oxocyclostylidol.
Thickness‐Dependent Charge Carrier Dynamics in CdSe/ZnSe/CdS Core/Barrier/Shell Nanoheterostructures
Authors: Yadav Sushma , Chowdhury Apurba , Sapra Sameer 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe report the synthesis of CdSe/ZnSe/CdS heterostructures composed of type I and type II band alignments, where ZnSe acts as a barrier for charge carriers between the CdSe core and the CdS shell as well as being an active component of the type I (CdSe/ZnSe) and type II (ZnSe/CdS) structure simultaneously. We investigated the effect of the thickness of the barrier and the shell on the charge carrier dynamics by using UV/Vis absorbance, photoluminescence (PL), and time‐resolved fluorescence techniques. The experimental data are supported by simple theoretical calculations based on effective mass approximation (EMA). PL results indicate the emission from both type I and type II structures. Time‐resolved fluorescence studies show that the lifetime of the core emission decreases with increasing barrier width, owing to a greater confinement of the exciton to the core, whereas it increases with shell width because of the tunneling of charge carriers, primarily electrons, delaying the recombination of the exciton. The lifetime of the shell emission decreases with shell width as well as barrier width and height, with a larger effect being observed for the barrier width and negligible for the associated changes in the barrier height.
In Situ Raman Monitoring of Silver(I)‐Aided Laser‐Driven Cleavage Reaction of Cyclobutane
Authors: Chen Dengtai , Han Xijiang , Du Yunchen , Wang Hsing‐Lin , Xu Ping 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe cyclobutane cleavage reaction is an important process and has received continuous interest. Herein, we demonstrate the visible laser‐driven cleavage reaction of cyclobutane in crystal form by using in situ Raman spectroscopy. Silver(I) coordination‐induced strain and thermal effects from the laser irradiation are the two main driving forces for the cleavage of cyclobutane crystals. This work may open up a new avenue for studying cyclobutane cleavage reactions, as compared to the conventional routes using ex situ techniques.
Sex‐specific genetic differences in endurance swimming of Trinidadian guppies
Authors: Gordon Swanne P. , Chen Yun Yi , Yamashita Karalynn , Bejar Christopher , Wilshire Adam , Cheung Vinson 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSwim performance is considered a main fitness‐determining trait in many aquatic organisms. Swimming is generally the only way most aquatic prey can escape predation, and swimming capacity is directly linked to food capture, habitat shifts, and reproduction. Therefore, evolutionary studies of swim performance are important to understand adaptation to aquatic environments. Most studies, however, concentrate on the importance of burst‐swim responses to predators, and little is known about its effect on endurance. Even fewer studies associate differences in organism swim capabilities to key gender‐specific responses. In this experiment, we assess the gender‐specific genetic basis of swimming endurance among four different populations of Trinidadian guppies adapted to different predation regimes. Our results show that second‐generation common‐garden females adapted to a low‐predation environment show longer swim endurance than fish adapted to a high‐predation environment. We also find an expected effect of lowered swimming endurance during pregnancy, but interestingly, it did not matter whether the females were in advanced stages of pregnancy, which severely changes body morphology, versus mid‐pregnancy. Males did not show the same trends across populations, and overall had lower swim endurances than female fish combined even when accounting for size differences. Populations recently transplanted from high‐ to low‐predation environments showed similar endurance to natural low‐predation environments in one population but not the other. This study highlights the importance of endurance in the adaptation of aquatic organisms to different predation regimes.
How to describe species richness patterns for bryophyte conservation?
Authors: Hespanhol Helena , Cezón Katia , Felicísimo Ángel M. , Muñoz Jesús , Mateo Rubén G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA large amount of data for inconspicuous taxa is stored in natural history collections; however, this information is often neglected for biodiversity patterns studies. Here, we evaluate the performance of direct interpolation of museum collections data, equivalent to the traditional approach used in bryophyte conservation planning, and stacked species distribution models (S‐SDMs) to produce reliable reconstructions of species richness patterns, given that differences between these methods have been insufficiently evaluated for inconspicuous taxa. Our objective was to contrast if species distribution models produce better inferences of diversity richness than simply selecting areas with the higher species numbers. As model species, we selected Iberian species of the genusGrimmia(Bryophyta), and we used four well‐collected areas to compare and validate the following models: 1) four Maxent richness models, each generated without the data from one of the four areas, and a reference model created using all of the data and 2) four richness models obtained through direct spatial interpolation, each generated without the data from one area, and a reference model created with all of the data. The correlations between the partial and reference Maxent models were higher in all cases (0.45 to 0.99), whereas the correlations between the spatial interpolation models were negative and weak (−0.3 to −0.06). Our results demonstrate for the first time that S‐SDMs offer a useful tool for identifying detailed richness patterns for inconspicuous taxa such as bryophytes and improving incomplete distributions by assessing the potential richness of under‐surveyed areas, filling major gaps in the available data. In addition, the proposed strategy would enhance the value of the vast number of specimens housed in biological collections.
Flood water legacy as a persistent source for riparian vegetation during prolonged drought: an isotopic study of Arundo donax on the Rio Grande
Authors: Moore Georgianne , Li Fan , Kui Li , West Jason 
Published: October 2015

AbstractInvasive riparian plants along arid and semi‐arid rivers are thought to accelerate stream flow recession rates during drought. However, the fraction of river water used directly by plants is unknown. Riparian water sources for plants may also include shallow groundwater, which may differ from the river itself, or water from the unsaturated zone originating from localized rain events or prior floods. Floods that saturate the soil may persist as a lasting legacy to sustain plants over longer time scales. In this study, we examined potential sources of water used by Giant Reed (Arundo donax L.) following a flood and subsequent prolonged drought using natural‐abundance stable isotopes of oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δ2H). River and rain water, groundwater, soil, and rhizome samples were collected along four approximately 100‐m transects perpendicular to the Rio Grande River in southwest Texas. Our observations coincided with a major flood that saturated soils in July of 2010 followed by extreme drought through fall of 2011. Our results showed that the isotope ratio of rhizome water was consistent with prolonged utilization of flood water, which persisted within flood‐recharged surface soils throughout the following summer. Apparently, groundwater was not the dominant source for A. donax when soil moisture was sufficient for plant uptake following a flood. While hydrogeology of rivers vary, this finding highlights the potential for floodwater to sustain riparian vegetation for prolonged periods without rainfall and demonstrates that this may be an important alternative source of water that is not currently accounted for in hydrologic models. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal Structure Relation between Tetragonal and Orthorhombic CsAlD4: DFT and Time‐of‐Flight Neutron Powder Diffraction Studies
Authors: Bernert Thomas , Krech Daniel , Kockelmann Winfried , Felderhoff Michael , Frankcombe Terry J. , Weidenthaler Claudia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe crystal structures of orthorhombic and tetragonal CsAlD4 were refined from time‐of‐flight neutron powder diffraction data starting from atomic positions predicted from DFT calculations. The earlier proposed crystal structure of orthorhombic CsAlH4 is confirmed. For tetragonal CsAlH4, DFT calculations predicted a crystal structure in I41/amd as potential minimum structure, while from neutron diffraction studies of CsAlD4 best refinement is obtained for a disordered structure in the space group I41/a, with a = 5.67231(9) Å, c = 14.2823(5) Å. While the caesium atoms are located on the Wyckoff position 4b and aluminium at Wyckoff position 4a, there are two distinct deuterium positions at the Wyckoff position 16f with occupancies of 50 % each. From this structure, the previously reported phase transition between the orthorhombic and tetragonal polymorphs could be explained.
Tandem Claisen Rearrangement/6‐endo Cyclization Approach to Allylated and Pren­ylated Chromones
Authors: Schmidt Bernd , Riemer Martin , Schilde Uwe 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAllyl, dimethylallyl and prenyl ethers derived from o‐acylphenols reacted upon microwave irradiation to form C‐allylated or ‐prenylated chromone derivatives, depending on the substitution pattern of the arene and the allyl substituent. The reaction proceeds through a tandem Claisen rearrangement and 6‐endo‐trig or 6‐endo‐dig cyclization sequence. For prenyl ethers, the tandem sequence can be extended by a Cope rearrangement to furnish 6‐prenylchromones. The method is potentially useful for the synthesis of natural products and drugs.
Running safety assessment of trains moving over bridges subjected to moderate earthquakes
Authors: Montenegro P. A. , Calçada R. , Vila Pouca N. , Tanabe M. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryA study about the running safety of trains moving over bridges subjected to earthquakes is presented. The study focuses on moderate earthquakes with relatively small return periods and high probability of occurrence. The analyses are performed using a nonlinear train‐bridge interaction method proposed by the authors, being the running safety evaluated with safety criteria existent in the literature. The influence on the train running safety of the seismic intensity levels, train running speed, and track quality is evaluated. Because no significant nonlinearity is likely to be exhibited in the columns for moderate levels of seismicity, the analyses are performed in the elastic domain. However, the reduction in the columns stiffness due to cracking is accounted, and a methodology to compute their effective stiffness is proposed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in arsenic neurotoxicity: A review
Authors: Prakash Chandra , Soni Manisha , Kumar Vijay 
Published: October 2015

AbstractArsenic is a toxic metalloid present ubiquitously on earth. Since the last decade, it has gained considerable attention due to its severe neurotoxic effects. Arsenic can cross the blood–brain barrier and accumulate in different regions of the brain suggesting its role in neurological diseases. Arsenic exposure has been associated with reactive oxygen species generation, which is supposed to be one of the mechanisms of arsenic‐induced oxidative stress. Mitochondria, being the major source of reactive oxygen species generation may present an important target of arsenic toxicity. It is speculated that the proper functioning of the brain depends largely on efficient mitochondrial functions. Multiple studies have reported evidence of brain mitochondrial impairment after arsenic exposure. In this review, we have evaluated the proposed mechanisms of arsenic‐induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction. The understanding of molecular mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction may be helpful to develop therapeutic strategies against arsenic‐induced neurotoxicity. The ameliorative measures undertaken in arsenic‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction have also been highlighted. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone regeneration in critical bone defects using three‐dimensionally printed β‐tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite scaffolds is enhanced by coating scaffolds with either dipyridamole or BMP‐2
Authors: Ishack Stephanie , Mediero Aranzazu , Wilder Tuere , Ricci John L. , Cronstein Bruce N. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBone defects resulting from trauma or infection need timely and effective treatments to restore damaged bone. Using specialized three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology we have created custom 3D scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (HA)/beta‐tri‐calcium phosphate (β‐TCP) to promote bone repair. To further enhance bone regeneration we have coated the scaffolds with dipyridamole, an agent that increases local adenosine levels by blocking cellular uptake of adenosine. Nearly 15% HA:85% β‐TCP scaffolds were designed using Robocad software, fabricated using a 3D Robocasting system, and sintered at 1100°C for 4 h. Scaffolds were coated with BMP‐2 (200 ng mL−1), dypiridamole 100 µM or saline and implanted in C57B6 and adenosine A2A receptor knockout (A2AKO) mice with 3 mm cranial critical bone defects for 2–8 weeks. Dipyridamole release from scaffold was assayed spectrophotometrically. MicroCT and histological analysis were performed. Micro‐computed tomography (microCT) showed significant bone formation and remodeling in HA/β‐TCP‐dipyridamole and HA/β‐TCP‐BMP‐2 scaffolds when compared to scaffolds immersed in vehicle at 2, 4, and 8 weeks (n = 5 per group; p ≤ 0.05, p ≤ 0.05, and p ≤ 0.01, respectively). Histological analysis showed increased bone formation and a trend toward increased remodeling in HA/β‐TCP‐ dipyridamole and HA/β‐TCP‐BMP‐2 scaffolds. Coating scaffolds with dipyridamole did not enhance bone regeneration in A2AKO mice. In conclusion, scaffolds printed with HA/β‐TCP promote bone regeneration in critical bone defects and coating these scaffolds with agents that stimulate A2A receptors and growth factors can further enhance bone regeneration. These coated scaffolds may be very useful for treating critical bone defects due to trauma, infection or other causes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 366–375, 2017.