bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test Your Memory—Spanish version (TYM‐S): a validation study of a self‐administered cognitive screening test
Authors: Muñoz‐Neira Carlos , Henríquez Chaparro Fernando , Delgado Carolina , Brown Jerry , Slachevsky Andrea 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo develop the Test Your Memory (TYM)—Spanish version (TYM‐S), a self‐administered cognitive screening test, in a Chilean older sample and to estimate its psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy.MethodsThe TYM was translated into Spanish and adapted for a Chilean population to develop the TYM‐S. Measures of global cognitive impairment and executive dysfunction were administered to 30 controls, 30 dementia patients, and 14 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). All participants' proxies were interviewed with assessments of dementia severity, functionality in daily living activities, and cognitive change. Convergent validity and internal consistency reliability of the TYM‐S were estimated. Cut‐off points, sensitivity, and specificity were determined to test its diagnostic capacity for dementia or MCI.ResultsRegarding convergent validity, the TYM‐S was significantly correlated (p < 0.001) with global cognitive impairment (Mini‐Mental State Examination: r = 0.902; Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination—Revised—Chilean version: r = 0.922; Montreal Cognitive Assessment: r = 0.923), executive dysfunction (Frontal Assessment Battery: r = 0.862), dementia severity (Clinical Dementia Rating: r = −0.757), functional capacity (Technology‐Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire: r = −0.864; Pfeffer Functional Activities Questionnaire: r = −0.748; Instrumental Activities of Daily Living: r = 0.769), and cognitive change (Alzheimer's Disease 8—Chilean version: r = −0.700) measures. Regarding reliability, Cronbach's α was 0.776. Optimum cut‐off scores of 39 and 44 distinguished dementia cases from controls (93.1% sensitivity, 82.2% specificity) and MCI cases from controls (85.7% sensitivity, 69% specificity), respectively. The extent of assistance required in the TYM‐S and cognitive impairment was correlated.ConclusionsThe TYM‐S is a valid and reliable instrument to assess cognitive impairment, showing good psychometric properties and diagnostic capacity to identify cases of dementia in a Spanish‐speaking older cohort. Although its need for assistance may be limiting, its ability to quickly assess several cognitive domains supports widespread clinical use. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of intensity‐dependent inhibition of spinal wide‐dynamic range neurons by dorsal column and peripheral nerve stimulation in a rat model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Yang F. , Xu Q. , Cheong Y‐K. , Shechter R. , Sdrulla A. , He S‐Q. , Tiwari V. , Dong X. , Wacnik P.W. , Meyer R. , Raja S.N. , Guan Y. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) and peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) are thought to reduce pain by activating a sufficient number of large myelinated (Aβ) fibres, which in turn initiate spinal segmental mechanisms of analgesia. However, the volume of neuronal activity and how this activity is associated with different treatment targets is unclear under neuropathic pain conditions.MethodsWe sought to delineate the intensity‐dependent mechanisms of SCS and PNS analgesia by in vivo extracellular recordings from spinal wide‐dynamic range neurons in nerve‐injured rats. To mimic therapeutic SCS and PNS, we used bipolar needle electrodes and platinum hook electrodes to stimulate the dorsal column and the tibial nerve, respectively. Compound action potentials were recorded to calibrate the amplitude of conditioning stimulation required to activate A‐fibres and thus titrate the volume of activation.ResultsDorsal column stimulation (50 Hz, five intensities) inhibited the windup (a short form of neuronal sensitization) and the C‐component response of wide‐dynamic range neurons to graded intracutaneous electrical stimuli in an intensity‐dependent manner. Tibial nerve stimulation (50 Hz, three intensities) also suppressed the windup in an intensity‐dependent fashion but did not affect the acute C‐component response.ConclusionsSCS and PNS may offer similar inhibition of short‐term neuronal sensitization. However, only SCS attenuates spinal transmission of acute noxious inputs under neuropathic pain conditions. Our findings begin to differentiate peripheral from spinal‐targeted neuromodulation therapies and may help to select the best stimulation target and optimum therapeutic intensity for pain treatment.
A 6-Year Exercise Program Improves Skeletal Traits Without Affecting Fracture Risk: A Prospective Controlled Study in 2621 Children
Authors: Detter Fredrik , Rosengren Björn E , Dencker Magnus , Lorentzon Mattias , Nilsson Jan-Åke , Karlsson Magnus K 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Most pediatric exercise intervention studies that evaluate the effect on skeletal traits include volunteers and follow bone mass for less than 3 years. We present a population-based 6-year controlled exercise intervention study in children with bone structure and incident fractures as endpoints. Fractures were registered in 417 girls and 500 boys in the intervention group (3969 person-years) and 835 girls and 869 boys in the control group (8245 person-years), all aged 6 to 9 years at study start, during the 6-year study period. Children in the intervention group had 40 minutes daily school physical education (PE) and the control group 60 minutes per week. In a subcohort with 78 girls and 111 boys in the intervention group and 52 girls and 54 boys in the control group, bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm2) and bone area (mm2) were measured repeatedly by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measured bone mass and bone structure at follow-up. There were 21.7 low and moderate energy-related fractures per 1000 person-years in the intervention group and 19.3 fractures in the control group, leading to a rate ratio (RR) of 1.12 (0.85, 1.46). Girls in the intervention group, compared with girls in the control group, had 0.009 g/cm2 (0.003, 0.015) larger gain annually in spine BMD, 0.07 g (0.014, 0.123) larger gain in femoral neck bone mineral content (BMC), and 4.1 mm2 (0.5, 7.8) larger gain in femoral neck area, and at follow-up 24.1 g (7.6, 40.6) higher tibial cortical BMC (g) and 23.9 mm2 (5.27, 42.6) larger tibial cross-sectional area. Boys with daily PE had 0.006 g/cm2 (0.002, 0.010) larger gain annually in spine BMD than control boys but at follow-up no higher pQCT values than boys in the control group. Daily PE for 6 years in at study start 6- to 9-year-olds improves bone mass and bone size in girls and bone mass in boys, without affecting the fracture risk. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Simultaneous assessment of vessel size index, relative blood volume, and vessel permeability in a mouse brain tumor model using a combined spin echo gradient echo echo‐planar imaging sequence and viable tumor analysis
Authors: Kording Fabian , Weidensteiner Claudia , Zwick Stefan , Osterberg Nadja , Weyerbrock Astrid , Staszewski Ori , von Elverfeldt Dominik , Reichardt Wilfried 
Published: January 2014

PurposeCombining multiple imaging biomarkers in one magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) session would be beneficial to gain more data pertaining to tumor vasculature under therapy. Therefore, simultaneous measurement of perfusion, permeability, and vessel size imaging (VSI) using a gradient echo spin echo (GE‐SE) sequence with injection of a clinically approved gadolinium (Gd)‐based contrast agent was assessed in an orthotopic glioma model.Materials and MethodsA combined spin echo gradient echo echo‐planar imaging sequence was implemented using a single contrast agent Gd diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd‐DTPA). This sequence was tested in a mouse brain tumor model (U87_MG), also under treatment with an antiangiogenic agent (bevacizumab). T2 maps and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were used to differentiate regions of cell death and viable tumor tissue.ResultsIn viable tumor tissue regional blood volume was 5.7 ± 0.6% in controls and 5.2 ± 0.3% in treated mice. Vessel size was 18.1 ± 2.4 μm in controls and 12.8 ± 2.0 μm in treated mice, which correlated with results from immunohistochemistry. Permeability (Ktrans) was close to zero in treated viable tumor tissue and 0.062 ± 0.024 min−1 in controls.ConclusionOur MRI method allows simultaneous assessment of several physiological and morphological parameters and extraction of MRI biomarkers for vasculature. These could be used for treatment monitoring of novel therapeutic agents such as antiangiogenic drugs.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1310–1318. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Religious Perceptions and Hegemony on Tourism Development: the Case of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Khaksari Ali , Lee Timothy Jeonglyeol , Lee Choong‐Ki 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper highlights tourism development constraints with regard to religious perceptions in a religion‐dominated country, Iran. The ruling class does not want to discount any of the fundamental social and cultural values in the process of preparing strategies for national tourism development plans. Countries such as Iran, concerned about potential negative influences of tourism development, de‐emphasize potential positive economic impacts. In post‐revolutionary Iran, tourism development and promotion follow unique, religiously‐based strategies. The current five‐year development plan is a first step towards a transition to the recognition of the importance of tourism for economic development and improved international relations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lateral neck dissection for well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma: A systematic review
Authors: Madenci Arin L. , Caragacianu Diana , Boeckmann Jacob O. , Stack Brendan C. , Shin Jennifer J. 
Published: January 2014

Objectives/HypothesisManagement of the lateral neck in well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) remains a topic of ongoing debate. A systematic review was performed to determine if patients with WDTC who undergo lateral neck dissection (LND) have significantly different survival, recurrence, or procedure‐related complication rates, as compared to those who do not.Data SourcesA computerized search of MEDLINE from 1966 to October 2012 was performed, supplemented with manual searches.Review MethodsA priori criteria were used to evaluate 924 studies. Data extraction was performed by independent reviewers and focused on survival, recurrence, postoperative complications, study designs, and potential confounders.ResultsForty‐seven criterion‐meeting studies included 24,153 participants. Stage‐specific data were limited. The small volume of data specific to the N0 neck (n = 3 studies, 6.3%) demonstrates no difference in disease‐free survival (DFS) or recurrence with versus without LND. The data regarding the N+ neck (n = 14 studies, 29.2%) were mixed with regard to the impact of LND on DFS and recurrence. The preponderance of data was reported in analyses of mixed or unreported nodal status (n =31 studies, 64.6%). Among these studies, the majority reported no difference in overall survival, DFS, disease‐specific survival, or recurrence, but overall data were mixed and subject to confounding by indication and limitations in power.ConclusionsData regarding the impact of LND on survival, recurrence, and postoperative complications are mixed. Routine prophylactic LND for WDTC does not have a clearly advantageous risk‐to‐benefit ratio.Level of EvidenceLaryngoscope, 124:1724–1734, 2014
Correlation between prenatal ultrasound and fetal autopsy findings on urinary system anomalies terminated in the second trimester
Authors: Akgun Hulya , Basbug Mustafa , Ozgun Mahmut Tuncay , Ozturk Figen , Okten Turhan 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis prospective study was designed to compare ultrasound and autopsy findings on fetal urinary system malformations in second trimester terminations of pregnancy to evaluate the degree of agreement of such findings.MethodsFrom January 2003 to October 2012, a total of 308 second trimester terminations of pregnancy were performed because of fetal malformation diagnosed through second trimester ultrasound examination at a tertiary referral center.ResultAmong 308 second trimester fetuses with congenital anomalies, 62 (20.1%) had urinary anomalies. Ultrasound and fetal autopsy findings were in full agreement for urinary system malformations in 45 (72.6%) of 62 cases. In six (9.7%), autopsy confirmed the malformations detected by ultrasound but showed additional lesser urinary anomalies. In 10 (16.1%) cases, autopsy revealed major urinary anomalies not determined by ultrasound. In one case (1.6%), ultrasound reported bilateral renal agenesis; however, autopsy revealed a horseshoe kidney. The ultrasound screening sensitivity was 83.8%, and specificity was 99.5%.ConclusionThe results showed that prenatal ultrasound achieved a high accuracy in diagnosing fetal urinary malformations. However, fetal autopsy occasionally adds valuable information to prenatal ultrasound findings. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inviting Argument by Analogy: Analogical‐Mapping‐Based Comparison Activities as a Scaffold for Small‐Group Argumentation
Authors: EMIG BRANDON R. , McDONALD SCOTT , ZEMBAL‐SAUL CARLA , STRAUSS SUSAN G. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis study invited small groups to make several arguments by analogy about simple machines. Groups were first provided training on analogical (structure) mapping and were then invited to use analogical mapping as a scaffold to make arguments. In making these arguments, groups were asked to consider three simple machines: two machines that they had built, used, and made measurements with and one that they had not yet studied. Finally, groups were to produce an argument in favor of the machine that worked most like another machine. Seven of these approximately 50‐minute analogical‐mapping‐based comparison activities were given to 55 preservice elementary teachers working in 15 small groups over 7 weeks. When used as a scaffold for argumentation in small groups, these activities were found to generate a need for discernment, which allowed for simple machines and their parts to be understood in and connected to the context.
Shaking table model test and FE analysis of a reinforced concrete mega‐frame structure with tuned mass dampers
Authors: Jiang Qing , Lu Xinzheng , Guan Hong , Ye Xianguo 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYTo study the damage characteristics and to evaluate the overall seismic performance of reinforced concrete mega‐frame structures, a shaking table test of a 1/25 scaled model with a rooftop tuned mass damper (TMD) is performed. The maximum deformation and acceleration responses are measured. The dynamic behavior and the damping effect with and without TMD are compared. The results indicate that the mega‐frame structure has excellent seismic performance and the TMD device has a significant vibration reduction effect. A finite element (FE) model simulating the scaled model is also developed, and the numerical and experimental results are compared to provide a better understanding of the overall structural behavior in particular those related to the dynamic characteristics and damping effect. Upon verification of the FE model, other important structural behavior can also be predicted by the FE analysis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstructure and stress rupture properties of polycrystal and directionally solidified castings of nickel-based superalloys
Authors: Wu Bao-ping , Li Lin-han , Wu Jian-tao , Wang Zhen , Wang Yan-bin , Chen Xing-fu , Dong Jian-xin , Li Jun-tao 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A new directionally solidified Ni-based superalloy DZ24, which is a modification of K24 alloy without rare and expensive elemental additions, such as Ta and Hf, was studied in this paper. The microstructure and stress rupture properties of conventionally cast and directionally solidified superalloys were comparatively analyzed. It is indicated that the microstructure of K24 alloy is composed of γ, γ′, γ/γ′ eutectics and MC carbides. Compared with the microstructure of K24 polycrystalline alloy, γ/γ′ eutectic completely dissolves into the γ matrix, the fine and regular γ′ phase reprecipitates, and MC carbides decompose to M6C/M23C6 carbides after heat treatment in DZ24 alloy. The rupture life of DZ24 alloy is two times longer than that of K24 alloy. The more homogeneous the size of γ′ precipitate, the longer the rupture life. The coarsening and rafting behaviors of γ′ precipitates are observed in DZ24 alloy after the stress-rupture test.
Association of dietary calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium intake with caries status among schoolchildren
Authors: Lin Han‐Shan , Lin Jia‐Rong , Hu Suh‐Woan , Kuo Hsiao‐Ching , Yang Yi‐Hsin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the associations between caries experience and daily intake of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and Ca/P ratio. A total of 2248 schoolchildren were recruited based on a population‐based survey. Each participant received a dental examination and questionnaire interviews about the 24‐hour dietary recalls and food frequency. The daily intake of Ca, P, Mg, and Ca/P ratio were inversely associated with primary caries index, but only the Ca/P ratio remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders. According to the Taiwanese Dietary Reference Intakes, the Ca/P ratio was related to both caries in primary teeth (odds ratio = 0.52, p = 0.02) and in permanent teeth (odds ratio = 0.59, p = 0.02). The daily intakes of Ca/P ratio remained an important factor for caries after considering potential confounding factors.
Efficient detection of factor IX mutations by denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography in Taiwanese hemophilia B patients, and the identification of two novel mutations
Authors: Lin Pei‐Chin , Su Yi‐Ning , Liao Yu‐Mei , Chang Tai‐Tsung , Tsai Shih‐Pien , Shu Hsiu‐Lan , Chiou Shyh‐Shin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHemophilia B (HB) is an X‐linked recessive disorder characterized by mutations in the clotting factor IX (FIX) gene that result in FIX deficiency. Previous studies have shown a wide variation of FIX gene mutations in HB. Although the quality of life in HB has greatly improved mainly because of prophylactic replacement therapy with FIX concentrates, there exists a significant burden on affected families and the medical care system. Accurate detection of FIX gene mutations is critical for genetic counseling and disease prevention in HB. In this study, we used denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), which has proved to be a highly informative and practical means of detecting mutations, for the molecular diagnosis of our patients with HB. Ten Taiwanese families affected by HB were enrolled. We used the DHPLC technique followed by direct sequencing of suspected segments to detect FIX gene mutations. In all, 11 FIX gene mutations (8 point mutations, 2 small deletions/insertions, and 1 large deletion), including two novel mutations (exon6 c.687–695, del 9 mer and c.460–461, ins T) were found. According to the HB pedigrees, 25% and 75% of our patients were defined as familial and sporadic HB cases, respectively. We show that DHPLC is a highly sensitive and cost‐effective method for FIX gene analysis and can be used as a convenient system for disease prevention.
Telling Stories about Conflict: Symbolic Politics and the Ipperwash Land Transfer Agreement
Authors: Morden Michael 
Published: January 2014

Abstract.Direct protest actions by Indigenous peoples in Canada have rarely yielded the specific gains that were targeted. In the aftermath of conflict, Canadian governments have typically proven to be intransigent. An exception to this general tendency is the Anishinabek occupation of Ipperwash Provincial Park, which began in 1995. In 2007, the government of Ontario agreed to return the parkland to the First Nation, making it an unusually successful instance of direct action. It is argued here that this outcome can best be explained by drawing on the “symbolic politics” theory of intergroup conflict. The Ipperwash inquiry, acting as a post-conflict truth commission, generated a micro-narrative shared by both groups, which altered the political incentive structure and enabled the outlier accommodative outcome.Résumé.Les actions de protestation directe par les peuples autochtones du Canada ont rarement donné les résultats recherchés. Au lendemain d'un conflit, les gouvernements canadiens se sont généralement montrés intransigeants. L'occupation du Parc provincial d'Ipperwash par les Anishinabek, qui débuta en 1995, représente toutefois une exception à cette tendance générale. Le gouvernement ontarien a accepté, en 2007, de retourner les territoires du parc à cette première nation, ce qui en fait un des rares cas où l'action directe a porté fruit. L'article soutient que c'est en s'appuyant sur la théorie de la politique symbolique des conflits intergroupes qu'il est possible d'expliquer ce résultat. Agissant comme une commission de vérité et de réconciliation, la Commission d'enquête sur Ipperwash a généré un récit commun, partagé par les deux groupes. En changeant la structure d'incitatifs politiques, ce récit explique l'étonnant résultat d'accommodement qui en est ressorti.
Les entrepreneurs de la prise de décision : l'exemple des politiques de sécurité nationale de l'administration G. W. Bush (2001–2004)
Authors: David Charles-Philippe , Barthe Sébastien 
Published: January 2014

Résumé.Comment expliquer la politique de sécurité nationale américaine, notamment l'évolution de certaines décisions en matière de politique étrangère et de sécurité intérieure ? Quels acteurs et quels facteurs rendent compte des résultats pour le moins controversés de celles-ci ? Au-delà des discours, des institutions et des énoncés, les choix de sécurité ont été l'œuvre de ceux que nous surnommons les « entrepreneurs » de la prise de décision. La question à laquelle cet article veut répondre est précisément de savoir qui sont ces « entrepreneurs » et comment ils ont réalisé cet objectif de transformation des politiques de sécurité des États-Unis. Trois prises de décision de la première administration Bush sont abordées : la guerre préventive en Irak, la redéfinition légale de la notion de torture, et l'institutionnalisation plus grande de la sécurité intérieure.Abstract.How are we to explain U.S. foreign policy, particularly policymaking on national security and homeland security, under the first administration of G. W. Bush? Who were the actors and what were the factors that produced what were, to say the least, controversial results? Looking beyond the speeches, statements and institutions, the security decisions can be seen as the work of “policy entrepreneurs.” This article considers who those entrepreneurs were and how they achieved their goal of transforming U.S. security policy. Three decisions are discussed: the pre-emptive war in Iraq, the legal redefinition of torture by the Bush administration, and the institutionalization of homeland security, in particular thePatriot Act.
Citizenship and Gender Equality in the Second Spanish Republic: Representations and Practices in Socialist Culture (1931–1936)
Authors: AGUADO ANA 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article contributes to historiographical debates on political cultures, the construction of female citizenship and democracy development through an analysis of the construction of gender identities in socialist culture and working-class culture in Spain. From 1931, in the context of the Second Spanish Republic, socialist culture experienced a complex mixture of egalitarian proposals, collective actions and strategies to achieve the political mobilisation of women. This process reformulated in female terms many of the concepts historically present in this political culture: equality, freedom, secularism and citizenship.