bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Within‐Boll Yield Components and Fiber Traits of Upland Cotton
Authors: Jones Whitney M. , Joy Kolbyn , Smith C. Wayne 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTExtra‐long staple (ELS) pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) in the United States is identified by fibers with an upper half mean length (UHML) of at least 34.9 mm. Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) traditionally has been referred to as short or medium staple cotton and in 2008 comprised approximately 95% of U.S. production, with pima comprising about 5%. Upland cotton is grown on the majority of acreage devoted to cotton because of its yield potential relative to pima, and its fiber has been adequate for most end uses. However, cotton breeders have long sought to develop upland cotton with the elite fiber quality of pima. Nine upland cotton germplasm lines exhibiting the ELS trait have been developed and released by Texas A&M AgriLife Research. These lines are characterized by improved UHML and fiber bundle strength, average yield, and low lint percent. Improving lint yield potential and lint percent while maintaining the ELS trait in this upland cotton germplasm pool will depend on an understanding of the impact of the ELS trait on yield components. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the upland ELS trait on within‐boll yield components when compared with two cultivars of upland cotton and one pima cotton cultivar.
Yield Effects of Two Southern Leaf Blight Resistance Loci in Maize Hybrids
Authors: Santa‐Cruz Jose H. , Kump Kristen L. , Arellano Consuelo , Goodman Major M. , Krakowsky Matthew D. , Holland James B. , Balint‐Kurti Peter J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study we examined the effects of two quantitative trait loci (QTL) for southern leaf blight (SLB) resistance on several agronomic traits including disease resistance and yield. B73–3B and B73–6A are two near‐isogenic lines (NILs) in the background of the maize (Zea mays L.) inbred B73, each carrying one introgression (called 3B and 6A respectively) encompassing a QTL for SLB resistance. Sets of isohybrid triplets were developed by crossing B73, B73–3B, and B73–6A to several inbred lines. A subset of these triplets for which the B73–3B and/or B73–6A hybrid was significantly more SLB resistant than the B73 check hybrid was selected and assessed in multi‐environment yield trials with and without disease. In the presence of SLB, 3B was associated with an approximately 3% yield increase over B73. 6A was associated with a yield advantage in the presence of SLB in specific pedigrees where the 6A resistance phenotype was highly expressed. Results suggested that both introgressions might confer a yield cost in the absence of SLB, but only introgression 6A was associated with a statistically significant reduction. We present evidence to suggest that the yield cost is associated with the resistance phenotype rather than with linkage drag.
Combining Ability and Variability for Fiber Color among Diverse Cotton Genotypes
Authors: Jernigan Kendra , Smith C. Wayne , Hequet Eric , Beyer Benjamin , Percy Richard 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTCotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber color is influenced by biotic and abiotic factors as well as genetics. After boll opening, exposure to the elements modifies fiber color; fibers may become grayer (excessive moisture leading to biotic activity) and lose luster (lower reflectance). Excessive weathering will lead to poorer processing efficiency and lower dye uptake. Genetically whiter cotton fibers could result in reduced use of bleaching agents before dyeing, thus lowering production costs and providing a more environmentally‐friendly product. Cotton cultivars TAM B182–33 ELS (Extra Long Staple) and Tamcot CAMD‐E were crossed with 12 cultivars from China, 7 from northern Africa, 10 from southern Africa, and 7 from the United States and grown in a line x tester design at College Station, TX during 2010 and 2011. Seedcotton was harvested by hand on the day of maturity, deburred, and allowed to dry in limited light. Lint was separated into 2‐g subsamples, and color measurements were taken using a Konica‐Minolta CR‐310 reflectance colorimeter. Absolute color measurements were obtained in the CIE L*a*b* color system. General and specific combining abilities for all the variables were determined. Genetic variation existed for all color parameters measured. The cultivars A 7215 (southern Africa), Tejas (United States), PAN 575 (northern Africa), Lintsing Sze Tze 4B (China), F 280 (northern Africa), and Nanging #12 (China) and their F1 progenies demonstrated superior whiteness. PAN 575 was the best general combiner for whiteness with the two testers in the study.
Fine Mapping of the Maize Cross‐Incompatibility Locus Gametophytic Factor 1 (ga1) Using a Homogeneous Population
Authors: Liu Xu , Sun He , Wu Ping , Tian Youhui , Cui Dezhou , Xu Chunyan , Li Song , Li Peng , Zhang Hua , Chen Tingting , Li Detao , Zhao Xianrong , Zhang Yu'e , Xue Yongbiao , Chen Huabang 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTPhenotyping of a mapping population is usually the bottleneck that limits the size of the mapping population and mapping resolution. A homogeneous population mapping approach was used for mapping maize (Zea mays L.) gametophytic factor 1 (ga1) that could completely eliminate phenotyping during the mapping process. The strong allele of maize ga1 (Ga1‐S), from popcorn inbred line SDGa25, showed a 100% cross‐incompatibility with the majority of Chinese dent and flint maize. A homogeneous mapping population was developed by crossing an (SDGa25/Jing66) F1 male back to an SDGa25 female. During the pollination process, pollen grains of ga1 were completely excluded from fertilization, and a homogeneous BC1F1 (SDGa25//SDGa25/Jing66) population was created in which only the Ga1‐S/Ga1‐S genotype existed, making phenotyping unnecessary. A total of 2245 individuals of this population were genotyped with SD9 and SD12 markers and 20 recombinants were identified. The Ga1‐S locus was quickly delineated to a 100 Kb region between markers dCS1 and insertion deletion ID7 at position 9,491,422 and 9,591,946 bp based on the B73 RefGen_v2 sequence. By marker‐assisted selection, Ga1‐S was introgressed into parental lines of an elite white waxy maize hybrid by six generations of backcrossing and one generation of selfing. The homozygous Ga1‐S/Ga1‐S hybrid showed full cross‐incompatibility to ga1 maize. The Ga1‐S allele could be used as a biological reproductive barrier in reducing cross‐pollination between different types of maize such as waxy and non‐waxy, genetically modified (GM) and non‐GM maize.
Microbial Community Analysis of a Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell Using Potato Wastewater
Authors: Li Zhen , Haynes Rishika , Sato Eugene , Shields Malcolm S. , Fujita Yoshiko , Sato Chikashi 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTMicrobial fuel cells (MFCs) convert chemical energy to electrical energy via bio‐electrochemical reactions mediated by microorganisms. This study investigated the diversity of the microbial community in an air cathode single chamber MFC that used potato‐process wastewater as substrate. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism results indicated that the bacterial communities on the anode, cathode, control electrode, and MFC bulk fluid were similar, but differed dramatically from that of the anaerobic domestic sludge and potato wastewater inoculum. The 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing results showed that microbial species detected on the anode were predominantly within the phyla of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Fluorescent microscopy results indicated that there was a clear enhancement of biofilm formation on the anode. Results of this study could help improve understanding of the complexity of microbial communities and optimize the microbial composition for generating electricity by MFCs that use potato wastewater.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on the Removal of Oil from Water Using Superhydrophobic Kapok Fiber
Authors: Wang Jintao , Zheng Yian , Wang Aiqin 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIn this paper, an oil sorbent based on superhydrophobic kapok fiber fabricated by the sol‐gel method was used for the selective sorption of oil from the surface of artificial seawater. The effects of process parameters such as seawater pH, seawater temperature, and contact time on the extent of oil sorption were investigated. The as‐prepared fiber showed higher oil sorption capacity than raw fiber in both the trenchant acid and alkaline seawater environment. Results of the kinetic studies show that the sorption process follows pseudo‐second‐order reaction kinetics. The thermodynamic investigations demonstrate that the sorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. In addition, the as‐prepared fiber can float on the water surface after the sorption of oil, which facilitates the post‐processing of oil‐loaded fiber. The modified fiber might provide a simple method for the removal and collection of oil on the water surface.
Remedy for Radiation Fear — Discard the Politicized Science
Authors: Cuttler Jerry M. 
Published: April 2014

The great tragedy of science—the slaying of a beautiful hypothesis by an ugly fact. —Huxley TH. English biologist (1825–1895) Seeking a remedy for the radiation fear in Japan, the author re-examined an article on radiation hormesis. It describes the background for this fear and evidence in the first UNSCEAR report of a reduction in leukemia of the Hiroshima survivors in the low dose zone. The data are plotted and dose-response models are drawn. While UNSCEAR suggested the extra leukemia incidence is proportional to radiation dose, the data are consistent with a hormetic J-shape and a threshold at about 100 rem (1 Sv). UNSCEAR data on lifespan reduction of mammals exposed continuously to gamma rays indicate a 2 gray/year threshold. This contradicts the conceptual basis for radiation protection and risk determination established in 1956–58. In this paper, beneficial effects and thresholds for harmful effects are discussed, and the biological mechanism is explained. The key point: the rate of DNA damage (double-strand breaks) caused by background radiation is 1000 times less than the endogenous (spontaneous) rate. It is the effect of radiation on an organism's very powerful adaptive protection systems that determines the dose-response characteristic. Low radiation up-regulates the protection systems, while high radiation impairs these systems. The remedy for radiation fear is to expose and discard the politicized science.
Review of Trimester-Specific Gestational Weight Gain and Childhood Adiposity
Authors: Thapa K 
Published: April 2014

Childhood obesity is a global epidemic and a major public health challenge. There has been increasing evidence that intrauterine exposures, such as alcohol, smoking, and maternal nutritional status, may affect both the long and short term health consequences of the mother and offspring. Childhood adiposity may be affected by the mother’s pre-pregnancy weight and her weight gain during pregnancy. Consequently, interventions may need to start before conception of the child to prevent childhood obesity. In 2009, the Institute of Medicine updated its gestational weight gain recommendations by incorporating rates of gestational weight gain in the second and third trimesters based on the mother’s pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index. There is extensive research on the association between total gestational weight gain and short-term offspring adiposity. However, this review focuses on the association between trimester-specific gestational weight gain and childhood adiposity for singleton pregnancies with respect to the Institute of Medicine’s newly defined weight gain recommendations as very few studies have examined the association between the gestational weight gain during each trimester and childhood adiposity. Identifying the trimester that is most associated with childhood adiposity may help in the development of targeted interventions, guide physician’s nutritional and weight-gain recommendations for child-bearing mothers, and direct future research. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.8429 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):48-53
Recurrent pneumonia-H type Tracheoesophageal fistula, diagnostic dilemma.
Authors: Adhikari S , Malla K , Poudyal P 
Published: April 2014

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) without associated esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare congenital anomaly. Most of the children are treated for episodes of pneumonia prior to definitive diagnosis. A 5 months infant presented with recurrent pneumonia and diagnosis of H type TEF was made with contrast esophagram.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.8517 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):71-73
Neurofibromatosis
Authors: Sharma D , Murki S , Madhavi V 
Published: April 2014

Neurofibromatosis is a genetically-inherited disorder in which the nerve tissue grows tumors (neurofibromas) that may be benign and may cause serious damage by compressing nerves and other tissues. Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant disorder, which means only one copy of the affected gene is needed for the disorder to develop(1). We report a baby who was admitted with us in view of prematurity (34 weeks gestation ) and low birth weight (1.32 Kg). Baby’s mother was antenatally diagnosed with NF 1(figure no 1,2). Baby had multiple café au lait spots all over the bodies (figure no 3,4). Baby was discharged from nursery in well condition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.8535 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):81-82
Adverse Events of Exchange Transfusion in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Chitlangia M , Shah GS , Poudel P , Mishra OP 
Published: April 2014

Introduction: Jaundice is an important problem during neonatal period. When total serum bilirubin (TSB) level exceeds a critical limit, it crosses the blood brain barrier and results into bilirubin encephalopathy. The main aim of therapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is prevention of bilirubin encephalopathy by phototherapy and/or exchange transfusion. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of exchange transfusion (ET) and observe the adverse events during and following three days of ET in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Materials and Method: Hospital based cross-sectional descriptive study. All neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit and /or paediatric wards of a tertiary- care centre between September 2010 to March 2012, requiring ET were enrolled. Results: A total of 139 ETs were performed in 120 neonates. The common causes were ABO incompatibility (30.8%), prematurity (30.8%), idiopathic (27.5%), Rh isoimmunization (6.7%) and cephalhematoma (4.2%). Mean pre- ET total serum bilirubin (TSB) was 24.2 mg% dL. There was 58% reduction in TSB in post ET and 31% net reduction in 6 hr post ET. Term and preterm neonates showed equal percentage of TSB reduction. Respiratory distress (10.8%) and bradycardia (6.7%) were the common adverse events during, and hypocalcemia (98.3%) and thrombocytopenia (34.2%) in 3 days following ET. The sick neonates had significantly higher incidence of thrombocytopenia (p= 0.031), respiratory distress (p=0.009), apnea (p<0.001) and cardiorespiratory arrest (p<0.001). Overall mortality was 4.2%, and non-survivors were mostly low birth weight, born outside the present hospital and had higher incidence of adverse events. Conclusion: Exchange transfusion is an effective intervention in reducing the serum bilirubin level. However, these neonates require monitoring of ionised calcium and thrombocytopenia. Sick neonates had higher incidence of adverse events than healthy and close clinical monitoring is needed to improve the outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.9030 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):7-13
An Assessment of Drawing Age in Pre-School Children Using 'Draw-A-Man' Test
Authors: Raja S , John BM 
Published: April 2014

Introduction: Goodenough-Harris ‘Draw-a-Man’ Test has been traditionally used as a simple tool to measure mental development in a child. There have very few studies looking at utility of ‘Draw a man’ test in the Indian subcontinent in the recent past. We carried out an assessment of correlation of drawing age with chronological age in pre-school children by the ‘Draw- a- man test’ and looked for any associations with respect to a deviation (delay or advancement) in the calculated drawing age. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 100 neurologically normal pre-school children between 36 to 72 months. The data was then analyzed with Pearson correlation and Chi square test on SPSS version 14.0 Result: There was a low positive correlation between drawing age and chronological age (Pearson correlation: r=+0.31, p=0.002).There were more boys (p=0.004) and more children with prematurity (p=0.012) in the group with low or equal drawing age compared to chronological age. Conclusion: In view of the low positive correlation found in our study, further studies with a larger sample need to be conducted to establish the ‘Draw-a-man’ test as a screening tool for mental age assessment in our subcontinent. We did find a significant association of deviation of drawing age from chronological age with respect to gender and prematurity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.9299 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):14-17
Disseminated BCG Infection (BCGosis) After BCG Vaccination
Authors: Poudel P , Chitlangia M 
Published: April 2014

BCG vaccine has excellent safety profile. Disseminated BCG infection, so called BCGosis and death have occurred in few cases, mainly in those with impaired immunity. We are reporting a seven month old infant who developed BCGosis after BCG vaccination. She presented with weight loss, fever, axillary lymphadenopathy and hepato-splenomegaly. She did not respond to standard antitubercular treatment. In the context of increasing number of reported cases of BCGois in HIV era, inoculation of BCG might be postponed in a suspected case of immune-deficiency disease, until it is ruled out. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i1.9679 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(1):62-64
Michel Foucault, Postmodernity, Nietzsche, and Buddhism
Authors: Mayer John 
Published: April 2014

Abstract: This paper introduces some strands of thought that may account for Foucault thinking along the lines of post-modernity: existential concern with his homosexuality, Nietzschean ideas on transvaluing and overcoming of ressentiment, interest in Zen Buddhism and process thought, and an openness to cultural history and non-linear thinking.
Ronald Thiemann's Theologia Crucis and the Task of Public Theology
Authors: Jones Paul Dafydd 
Published: April 2014

Abstract: This article suggests that a Luther-inspired understanding of the “blessed exchange”—Christ bearing the sins of humankind on the cross while communicating to humankind a justifying righteousness—animates Ronald Thiemann's understanding of public theology. Through a close analysis of Revelation and Theology: The Gospel as Narrated Promise, I argue that Thiemann's Christologically shaped proposal regarding divine prevenience is itself a starting point for an understanding of Christian life that obliges the Christian to engage the world and apply the good news of the resurrection through a vigorous involvement in political and public life.
Under Construction: Agape as Comparative Category and Christian Criterion of Hindu Truth
Authors: Locklin Reid B. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract: In an influential 1985 article, Peggy Starkey proposed radical love of neighbour, agape, as the “central, saving revelation” of God in Christ and thus the primary “criterion” for Christians to recognize saving truths in other religious paths. In this essay, I survey several recent works in Hindu-Christian comparative theology, with an eye to Starkey's proposal and the consequences of translating distinctively Hindu texts and traditions into the idiom of Christian love. Whether one focuses on the more devotional or the non-dualist traditions, the literature reveals an animated conversation on the question of love—including agapic love—and thus supports the continuing relevance of Starkey's claim. At the same time, proper to the distinctive aims and methods of comparative theology, such love has functioned less as a criterion for evaluation than as a conduit for new or renewed insights into Christian discipleship. Christian comparativists are increasingly pursuing the question of love with their Hindu interlocutors, not primarily to test the truth of these traditions but to learn how to love more fully and more faithfully, as Christians and as inter-religious theologians.
Public Theology in Brazil: A First Overview
Authors: von Sinner Rudolf 
Published: April 2014

Abstract: In view of current challenges in the Brazilian public sphere, discussion on the presence of crucifixes in courthouses in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, as well as on the activities of evangélico congressmen, this article offers a first overview of the reflection on a public theology in Brazil. It presents four lines of thought in the emerging Brazilian discussion, starting in 2001 and getting new energy with the creation of the Global Network of Public Theology in 2007. The first tendency focuses on the academic citizenship of theology, the second seeks to recover a liberal Protestant tradition in contrast to the dominant fundamentalisms, while the third, situated in Latin American left-wing evangelicalism, promotes a dialogue with post-metaphysical and post-secular thinkers, namely Jürgen Habermas. The fourth tendency is being presented more at large, a public theology as theology of citizenship, stemming from Hugo Assmann, incorporating central elements of liberation theology and theological assets from the Lutheran tradition. Finally, the article seeks to show the pertinence and potential of a public theology in Brazil—both with boldness and humility. Underlying is the constant question, what is public theology? The article seeks to answer it, but not with a clear-cut and uniform definition. Rather, it explores opportunities, reviewing concrete challenges and current trends, and tries to argue why a public theology is relevant to and fruitful for the Brazilian context—and probably beyond it.
Development of lyophilization cycle for direct thrombin Inhibitor and influence of excipients and process parameter during the cycle
Authors: Panda Sunil Kumar , Dinda Subas Chandra 
Published: April 2014

The objective of this study was to develop stable lyophilized product of Bivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor with good reconstitution time, % yield of good vials and cake quality. The % loss of crystallinity was determined by DSC for any crystallographic changes of the bulking agent after freeze drying. The glass transition temperature of 5% w/v of Bivalirudin, 3% w/v of mannitol and 0.03% of sodium acetate was approximately ?31°C and the collapse temperature was approximately -28°C. Tubular vials were found to withstand the thermal transition during freeze drying. Water content was inversely proportional to the primary drying set point. Reconstitution time was inversely proportional to annealing temperature and vacuum set point. The % yield of good vials and cake quality was directly proportional to annealing time and primary drying set point. The % loss of crystallinity by DSC was independent of all factors and directly proportional to annealing time. Drying at -10°C results in transition of ? form of mannitol, whereas drying at -7.5°C and -5°C results in ? and ? form of mannitol respectively. On annealing at -7°C for 54 minutes and drying at -6.5°C at 215mT lyophilized product with less than 2% water content, reconstitution time less than 10 seconds, with high yield of more than 95% yield of good vials with best cake quality was obtained.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i5.18533 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, April 2014, 3(5): 259-264