bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic brain injury and the post-concussion syndrome: A diffusion tensor tractography study
Authors: D'Souza Maria M , Trivedi Richa , Singh Kavita , Grover Hemal , Choudhury Ajay , Kaur Prabhjot , Kumar Pawan , Tripathi Rajendra Prashad 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) as a tool for detecting diffuse axonal injury in patients of acute, mild, and moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI), using two diffusion variables: Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). The correlation of these indices with the severity of post-concussive symptoms was also assessed. Materials and Methods: Nineteen patients with acute, mild, or moderate TBI and twelve age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. Following Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) on a 3.0-T scanner, DTT was performed using the 'fiber assignment by continuous tracking' (FACT) algorithm for fiber reconstruction. Appropriate statistical tools were used to see the difference in FA and MD values between the control and patient groups. In the latter group, the severity of post-concussive symptoms was assessed six months following trauma, using the Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPSQ). Results: The patients displayed significant reduction in FA compared to the controls (P < 0.05) in several tracts, notably the corpus callosum, fornix, bilateral uncinate fasciculus, and bilateral superior thalamic radiations. Changes in MD were statistically significant in the left uncinate, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and left posterior thalamic radiation. A strong correlation between these indices and the RPSQ scores was observed in several white matter tracts. Conclusion: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based quantitative analysis in acute, mild, and moderate TBI can identify axonal injury neuropathology, over and above that visualized on conventional MRI scans. Furthermore, the significant correlation observed between FA and MD indices and the severity of post-concussive symptoms could make it a useful predictor of the long-term outcome.
Clinical outcomes of endovascularly managed iatrogenic renal hemorrhages
Authors: Chiramel George Koshy , Keshava Shyamkumar Nidugala , Moses Vinu , Kekre Nitin , Tamilarasi V , Devasia Anthony 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of endovascular management in iatrogenic renal injuries with regard to clinical status on follow-up and requirements for repeat angiography and embolization. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included patients who were referred for endovascular management of significant hemorrhage following an iatrogenic injury. Data was recorded from the Picture Archiving and Communication system (PACS) and electronic medical records. The site and type of iatrogenic injury, imaging findings, treatment, angiography findings, embolization performed, clinical status on follow-up, and requirement for repeat embolization were recorded. The outcomes were clinical resolution, nephrectomy, or death. Clinical findings were recorded on follow-up visits to the clinic. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Results: Seventy patients were included in this study between January 2000 and June 2012. A bleeding lesion (a pseudoaneurysm or arteriovenous fistula) was detected during the first angiogram in 55 patients (78.6%) and was selectively embolized. Fifteen required a second angiography as there was no clinical improvement and five required a third angiography. Overall, 66 patients (94.3%) showed complete resolution and 4 patients (5.7%) died. Three patients (4.3%) underwent nephrectomy for clinical stabilization even after embolization. There were no major complications. The two minor complications resolved spontaneously. Conclusions: Angiography and embolization is the treatment of choice in iatrogenic renal hemorrhage. Upto 20% of initial angiograms may not reveal the bleed and repeat angiography is required to identify a recurrent or unidentified bleed. The presence of multiple punctate bleeders on angiography suggests an enlarging subcapsular hematoma and requires preoperative embolization and nephrectomy.
Diagnostic value of diffusion tensor imaging derived metrics as biomarkers of cerebral changes in developmental delay
Authors: Verma Ashish , Sagar Narendra C , Kumar Ashok , Srivastava Arvind 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Context: Children with developmental delay (DD) can be rehabilitated if an early diagnosis and intervention is done. A negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study utilizing routine sequences makes it difficult for the clinician to convince the family toward a long-term rehabilitation schedule. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can demonstrate deranged myelination in developmentally delayed children having normal routine MRI. Aim: To evaluate the role of DTI-derived metrics for assessment of deranged myelination in developmentally delayed children having normal routine MRI. Study Setting and Design: Prospective case control observational study conducted over a cross-section of referrals at a university-based teaching institute over a period of 2 years. Patients and Methods: Fifty cases of DD and 15 age-sex matched controls (age group of 2-12 years) were included from those presenting voluntarily to the pediatric out-patient services. Routine MRI and DTI were performed in both the groups following a standard protocol. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were calculated in certain pre-defined regions. Statistical Analysis: Central tendency was measured for each of the metrics using mean. Inter- and intra-group comparisons were performed using t-test.
Results: Twenty-three regions of interest with 46 variables were included in the final analysis. Nineteen (82.60%) regions of interest showed at least one statistically significant variable, while 24 out of 46 (54.34%) variables showed statistical significance for future consideration. The important regions to be evaluated in a case of DD are the corpus callosum, bilateral forceps minor and forceps major, bilateral parietal lobes, bilateral post-central gyrus, and bilateral posterior limb internal capsule (PLIC). The regions which did not show any significance are bilateral pars triangularis and right frontal lobe. Other regions remained indeterminate and need further evaluation. Conclusion: DTI demonstrates myelination abnormality in children with DD, having a normal routine MRI.
Evaluation of breast parenchymal density with QUANTRA software
Authors: Pahwa Shivani , Hari Smriti , Thulkar Sanjay , Angraal Suveen 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate breast parenchymal density using QUANTRA software and to correlate numerical breast density values obtained from QUANTRA with ACR BI-RADS breast density categories. Materials and Methods: Two-view digital mammograms of 545 consecutive women (mean age - 47.7 years) were categorized visually by three independent radiologists into one of the four ACR BI-RADS categories (D1-D4). Numerical breast density values as obtained by QUANTRA software were then used to establish the cutoff values for each category using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: Numerical breast density values obtained by QUANTRA (range - 7-42%) were systematically lower than visual estimates. QUANTRA breast density value of less than 14.5% could accurately differentiate category D1 from the categories D2, D3, and D4 [area under curve (AUC) on ROC analysis - 94.09%, sensitivity - 85.71%, specificity - 84.21%]. QUANTRA density values of <19.5% accurately differentiated categories D1 and D2 from D3 and D4 (AUC - 94.4%, sensitivity - 87.50%, specificity - 84.60%); QUANTRA density values of <26.5% accurately differentiated categories D1, D2, and D3 from category D4 (AUC - 90.75%, sensitivity - 88.89%, specificity - 88.621%).
Conclusions: Breast density values obtained by QUANTRA software can be used to obtain objective cutoff values for each ACR BI-RADS breast density category. Although the numerical density values obtained by QUANTRA are lower than visual estimates, they correlate well with the BI-RADS breast density categories assigned visually to the mammograms.
Endovascular treatment of central venous obstruction as a complication of prolonged hemodialysis – Preliminary experience in a tertiary care center
Authors: Yadav Mukesh K , Sharma Madhurima , Lal Anupam , Gupta Vivek , Sharma Ashish , Khandelwal Niranjan 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Background: Central venous disease is a serious complication in patients undergoing hemodialysis, often presenting with symptoms of venous hypertension. Treatment is aimed to provide symptomatic relief and to maintain hemodialysis access site patency. Aim: To describe our initial experience in the endovascular treatment of central venous stenosis or obstruction in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Settings and Design: This was a retrospective study carried out in a tertiary care center. Study duration was 24 months. Follow-up was variable. Materials and Methods: Eleven patients of chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis presented with central vein stenosis or obstruction having ipsilateral vascular access, between July 2012 and July 2014. All the patients underwent endovascular treatment and were analyzed retrospectively. Results and Conclusion: A total of 11 patients (4 male and 7 female) underwent 18 interventions for 13 stenotic segments during a time period of 2 years. Eight stenotic segments were in brachiocephalic vein, three in subclavian vein, and two in axillary veins. The technical success rate for endovascular treatment was 81.8%. Two patients underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) alone and presented with restenosis later. Balloon angioplasty followed by stenting was done in seven patients, two of which required reintervention during follow-up. We found endovascular treatment safe and effective in treating central venous disease.
Problems and preferences in pediatric imaging
Authors: Thukral Brij Bhushan 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Radiological imaging is extremely valuable as a diagnostic tool in the pediatric population, but it comes with a number of distinct challenges as compared to the imaging of adults. This is because of the following: It requires dedicated imaging protocols to acquire the images, there is need for sedation or general anesthesia for longer procedures such as MRI, specific training is required for the healthcare personnel involved, thorough knowledge and expertise should be applied for evaluating the images, and most importantly, it requires consideration for radiation exposure if ionizing radiation is being used. One of the challenges for clinical care personnel is to gain the child's trust and co-operation before and throughout the duration of an examination, which can prove to be difficult in children who may be ill and have pain. This is important to acquire quality images and prevent repeat examinations. Even with a quality examination, the accurate interpretation of images requires a thorough knowledge of the intricate and dynamic face of anatomy and specific pathological presentations in children. The increased radiation sensitivity of growing organs and children's longer expected life spans make them more susceptible to the harmful effects of radiation. Imaging pediatric patients in a dedicated pediatric imaging department with dedicated pediatric CT technologists may result in greater compliance with pediatric protocols and significantly reduced patient dose. In order to prevent the harmful effects of ionizing radiation, As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle should be strictly followed. This article seeks to draw attention to various challenges of pediatric imaging and the ways to overcome them.
Emerging clinical applications of PET based molecular imaging in oncology: the promising future potential for evolving personalized cancer care
Authors: Dhingra Vandana K , Mahajan Abhishek , Basu Sandip 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This review focuses on the potential of advanced applications of functional molecular imaging in assessing tumor biology and cellular characteristics with emphasis on positron emission tomography (PET) applications with both 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and non-FDG tracers. The inherent heterogeneity of cancer cells with their varied cellular biology and metabolic and receptor phenotypic expression in each individual patient and also intra-and inter-lesionally in the same individual mandates for transitioning from a generalized "same-size-fits-all" approach to personalized medicine in oncology. The past two decades have witnessed improvement of oncological imaging through CT, MR imaging, PET, subsequent movement through hybrid or fusion imaging with PET/CT and single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT-CT), and now toward the evolving PET/MR imaging. These recent developments have proven invaluable in enhancing oncology care and have the potential to help image the tumor biology at the cellular level, followed by providing a tailored treatment. Molecular imaging, integrated diagnostics or Radiomics, biology-driven interventional radiology and theranostics, all hold immense potential to serve as a guide to give "start and stop" treatment for a patient on an individual basis. This will likely have substantial impact on both treatment costs and outcomes. In this review, we bring forth the current trends in molecular imaging with established techniques (PET/CT), with particular emphasis on newer molecules (such as amino acid metabolism and hypoxia imaging, somatostatin receptor based imaging, and hormone receptor imaging) and further potential for FDG. An introductory discussion on the novel hybrid imaging techniques such as PET/MR is also made to understand the futuristic trends.
Consumption Characteristics Mapping of the Base of the Pyramid (BOP) Population in Brazil
Authors: Spers Renata Giovinazzo , Wright James Terence Coulter 
Published: November 2015

The objective of this study is to outline a diagnosis of the BoP's population in Brazil, regarding their size and consumption characteristics. This is a relevant and current issue, considering that BoP needs to be understood as a large potential market with its own logic, also representing a large productive potential, which, if well developed, will bring very positive impacts to these communities. To achieve this, a theoretical survey was made. After, search was made based on secondary data about Brazilian BoP population participation and a mapping of their consumption profile, identifying main categories of goods consumed. This research generated meaningful results for society, companies and the Academy, hopefully consolidating a relevant line of research and management education.
Octavia Butler's (R)evolutionary Movement for the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Morris David 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
In the ruined landscape of twenty-first-century California, Lauren Olamina, the main character of Octavia Butler's Parable of the Sower and Parable of the Talents, founds a new religion, Earthseed. Earthseed deifies the cosmic pervasiveness of change with a simple statement: “God is Change.” While several scholars have usefully explicated the religious origins and affective qualities of the Earthseed community, I argue that Earthseed goes further, challenging the 1990s utopian imagination to invent new modes of organization that can work within new social and material realities. As a religion, Earthseed aims at changing humanity as a whole species, a goal so large that it requires radically new models of social and political organizing. In the second novel, Olamina changes Earthseed from a local, sustainable community to a decentralized movement that parasitically draws energy from social ruin. In doing so, Earthseed offers a challenge to the utopian thinking of the 1990s: fidelity to utopian goals requires new methods that can allow a utopian movement to thrive even in the absence of the robust public sphere that supported revolutionary social movements of the 1960s.
Almost Heaven, West Virginia:
Authors: Sanford A. Whitney 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
In 1968, two years after A. C. Bhaktivedanta Prabhupada founded the Hare Krishna Movement, four of his followers set out for Moundsville, West Virginia, to establish New Vrindaban as an ideal, Vedic society organized around devotion to the Hindu deity Krishna. Bhaktivedanta and his devotees envisioned a self-sufficient agrarian society whose food and farming practices would be governed by devotional ritual practice. New Vrindaban was conceived as an experiment in creating a Vedic society in response to the perceived ills of the modern world. This experiment took place through a cultural critique instantiated by experimenting with alternate forms of social and material relations. Today New Vrindaban is a small but thriving community, and devotees still endeavor to achieve Bhaktivedanta's idealized Vedic society through food and farming. This article explores the role of food and farming in the International Society of Krishna Consciousness's Vedic utopia and the extent to which New Vrindaban has realized its utopian ideals.
Buying Babies in Euripides’s Hippolytus
Authors: Ormand Kirk 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
When Hippolytus makes his proposal for buying babies in Eurpides’s drama, it is clear that he does not envisage a commercial exchange. Rather, he proposes dedicating lumps of pure precious metal (gold, bronze, and lead) at temples. His mode of exchange, then, is not to purchase babies with coins but to establish a reciprocal relationship of guest-friendship with the gods. This appeal to elite guest-exchange adds to the characterization of Hippolytus as an aloof aristocrat in the household of the Athenian democratic hero Theseus, a tension of values that is played out through the rest of the drama.
The Seven against Thebes at Eleusis
Authors: Anderson A. Sebastian 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper argues that the myth of the burial of the Seven Against Thebes at Eleusis was not a long-standing Eleusinian tradition with a basis in cult but a relatively late innovation that perhaps appeared first in Aeschylus’s Eleusinians, to which Pindar responded in Olympian 6 and Nemean 9. Euripides’s Suppliants altered the myth by foregoing the burial at Eleusis and having the Seven returned to Argos instead. It is suggested that the treatments of the burial in tragedy reflect contemporary ideology and events in fifth-century Athens.
Seneca and the Modernity of Hamlet
Authors: Perry Curtis 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This essay reassesses Shakespeare’s engagement with Senecan tragedy, arguing both that Hamlet’s use of the Senecan dramatic tradition is more robust and sophisticated than has hitherto been accepted and also that it is best understood as part of a larger cultural conversation about agency and action in revenge tragedy. The essay therefore offers a revisionary account of the reception of Senecan tragedy in early modern England. In doing so, it also suggests that recovering Shakespeare’s engagement with Seneca may require rethinking Hamlet’s own reception history, since Shakespeare’s play is so often discussed as a key text of emergent modernity.
A New Approach for License Plate Detection and Localization: Between Reality and Applicability
Authors: Moustafa Akram A. , Mousa Jaradat Mohammed-Issa Riad 
Published: November 2015

<p>License Plate Detection and Localization (LPDL) is known to have become one of the most progressive and growing areas of study in the field of Intelligent Traffic Management System (ITMS). LPDL provides assistance by being able to specifically locate a vehicle’s number plate which is an essential part of ITMS, that is used for automatic road tax collection, traffic signals defilement implementation, borders and payments barriers and to monitor unlike activities. Organizations can deploy the number plate detection and recognition system to track their vehicles and to monitor each of them in their vital business activities like inbound and outbound logistics, find the exact location of their vehicles and organize entrance management. A competent algorithm is proposed in this paper for number plate detection and localization based on segmentation and morphological operators. Thus, the proposed algorithm it works on enhancing the quality of the image by applying morphological operators afterwards to segment out license plate from the captured image. No assumptions about the license plate color, style of font, size of text and type of material the plate is made of. The results reveal that the proposed algorithm works perfectly on all kinds of license plates with 93.43% efficiency rate. </p>
Effect of Impurities in Carbon Dioxide Stream on Phase Behavior for Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Low API Gravity Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Coelho Raphael , Barrufet Maria , Hascakir Berna 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
While previous studies investigate the effect of impure CO2 streams in high and medium API gravity oils, this work focus on reservoirs with low API. This analysis provides additional alternatives for CO2 storage due to the uneconomical exploration and the vast extension of heavy oil resources. CO2 streams (re)injected for storage may contain impurities such as nitrogen, water, and light hydrocarbons, particularly for flue gases and CO2-rich natural. These impurities greatly affect CO2 solubility trapping mechanisms and storage effectiveness. This work investigates the phase behavior of reservoir fluids during injection of CO2 with impurities for storage into two low API gravity oils; 12° (San Ardo heavy oil) to 8.2° (Athabasca extra-heavy bitumen). Numerical studies are conducted using the Peng-Robinson Equation-of-State with Volume-Translation and evaluating Vapor-Liquid and Vapor-Liquid-Liquid equilibria, with rigorously implementation of mutual solubility water-hydrocarbons-CO2. Simulations are conducted at typical reservoir conditions and at high pressure/high temperature synthetic scenarios. The effect of impurity concentration is represented constructing pseudo-ternary diagrams. Results show that C3-CO2 mixtures may achieve miscibility at low pressures. In the presence of N2 and C1 as impurities, miscibility with crude oil was found to be affected negatively. The water presence also affects the solubility.

Introduction
Carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in oil reservoirs is a well-known carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) alternative to reduce the environmental footprint of CO2 emissions [1, 2]. Though high purity CO2 injection is ideal to maximize storage. The industrial activities (e.g. flue gas and CO2-rich natural gas) or carbon capture plants are usually the sources of impure CO2, containing N2, H2, O2, H2S, water, and light hydrocarbons [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Such impurities present an economic challenge to CCS as current CO2 capturing technologies to achieve high-purity streams are expensive, costing 12–60 US$/tCO2 and accounting for up to two-thirds of the total CCS project cost [2, 7, 8]. Hence, the impure CO2-rich streams may be disregarded for storage and contribute even further to CO2 emissions if vented or flared.
An alternative is storing these impure gases in their raw state in uneconomic unconventional oil reservoirs. The low API gravity crude oils account for approximately 70% of the world's oil reserves [9]. Mature heavy oil fields not subjected to thermal recovery methods could be a good potential for CCS [10].