bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic Investigations of Physicochemical Interactions on Mild Steel in an Acidic Medium by Environmentally Friendly Green Inhibitors
Authors: Sakunthala Pitchai , Vivekananthan Shanmuga Sundaram , Gopiraman Mayakrishnan , Sulochana Nagarajan , Vincent Alex Ramani 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe influences of Polycarpaea corymbosa (PC) and Desmodium triflorum (DT) leaf extracts on the corrosion behavior of mild steel (MS) in 1.0 M HCl was investigated by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of MS in 1.0 M HCl with the addition of plant extracts was studied in the temperature range of 300 K–320 ± 1 K. The results revealed that PC and DT were excellent green inhibitors and the inhibition efficiencies obtained from weight loss and electrochemical experiments were in good agreement. Inhibition efficiencies up to 91.78 % for PC and 92.99 % for DT were obtained. Potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed that both the inhibitors behaved as mixed‐type inhibitors. Adsorption behavior of these green inhibitors on the MS surface was found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The thermodynamic parameter values of free energy of adsorption (∆Gads) and enthalpy of adsorption (∆Hads) revealed that each inhibitor was adsorbed on the MS surface via both chemisorption and physisorption mechanisms. The adsorption mechanism of inhibition was supported by FT–IR, UV–Visible, WAXD and SEM–EDS.
Direct Transesterification/Isomerization/Methoxycarbonylation of Various Plant Oils
Authors: Walther Guido , Martin Andreas , Köckritz Angela 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA selection of plant oils was catalytically transferred into 1,19‐nonadecanedioate by a direct transesterification, isomerization and methoxycarbonylation under mild conditions using Pd/o‐C6H4(CH2PtBu2)2. Additionally, sulfuric acid was demonstrated as being able to substitute methane sulfonic acid as co‐catalyst without any significant loss of activity and selectivity.
Creative in finding creativity in the curriculum: the CLIL second language classroom
Authors: Cross Russell 
Published: September 2012

AbstractModern education is often characterized by a tension between learning and creativity (Connery et al. in Vygotsky and creativity: A cultural-historical approach to play, meaning making, and the arts, 2010). “The Arts”—if attended to at all—is often positioned as a distinct element of the broader curriculum, and separate from teaching and learning within other curricular domains. Yet, despite being largely neglected within contemporary social constructivist literature, Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of mind (Vygotsky in Mind in society, 1978; Vygotsky in The collected works of L. S. Vygotsky (Vol. 1: Problems of general psychology, 1987)) has as its core a fundamental concern for creativity, affect, and emotion as the basis for human development. This paper argues that Vygotsky’s understanding of catharsis—in particular, the transformative potential of emotion—gives cause to rethink the qualitative nature of pedagogy, and especially the importance of “mundane creativity” (Holzman in Vygotsky and creativity: A cultural-historical approach to play, meaning making, and the arts, 2010, p. 27) at the core of teaching and learning. This, in turn, opens up new possibilities for conceiving of how creativity might be understood and realized within and across different dimensions of the curriculum more broadly. For an empirical example to explore these constructs, the paper considers data from a “content and language integrated learning” (CLIL) context. Emerging in the mid-1990s as a European response to the success of the Canadian French immersion method for teaching languages (Johnson and Swain in Immersion education: International perspectives, 1997), CLIL sets out several guiding principles for integrating second language (L2) with content to develop both simultaneously. With a focus on how Japanese mediates a unit of work on Geography, the study highlights how the integrated language/content focus affords a space for creative pedagogical engagement in terms of learners making their own creative choices on what language to use, and how it could be used, to facilitate the learning of both language and content (Bachman and Palmer in Language assessment in practice: Developing language assessments and justifying their use in the real world, 2010; Mahn and John-Steiner in The gift of confidence: A Vygotskian view of emotions, 2002).
Evaluation of Potential Noise Exposures in Hospital Operating Rooms
Authors: Chen Lilia , Brueck Scott E. , Niemeier Maureen T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health received a health hazard evaluation request from West Virginia University Hospital, Morgantown, to evaluate noise exposures from surgical instruments in the OR. Four surgical technologists, four RNs, and one surgeon wore noise dosimeters to measure full‐shift personal noise exposures during two days while they performed typical daily activities. Measurements did not exceed Occupational Safety and Health Administration or National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health noise exposure limits; however, area sound level measurements indicated that some intermittent activities can generate sound levels above 90 A‐weighted decibels. Examples include surgery preparation, drilling or noise from other powered surgical instruments during surgeries, and clean up. Preventive maintenance of powered surgical instruments can reduce noise exposures, and noise output should be considered when selecting replacement instruments. Keeping music at a low level and using hearing protection are other interventions to consider to improve noise levels in an OR.
Clinical Issues
Authors: Blanchard Joan C. , Burlingame Byron L. , Ogg Mary J. 
Published: September 2012

This MonthCross contamination of paper forms used in health care facilitiesKey words: inoculate, cross contamination, paper forms.Manual cleaning of flexible endoscopesKey words: flexible endoscope, endoscope washers, manual cleaning, reprocessor, endoscope reprocessor, automatic endoscope reprocessor.Achieving a comfortable fit when double glovingKey words: double gloving, comfort, glove fit.
Structure of the upper mantle in the Circum-Arctic region from regional seismic tomography
Authors: Jakovlev A.V. , Bushenkova N.A. , Koulakov I.Yu. , Dobretsov N.L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe present a new three-dimensional model of P-velocity anomalies in the upper mantle beneath the Circum-Arctic region based on tomographic inversion of global data from the catalogues of the International Seismological Center (ISC, 2007). We used travel times of seismic waves from events located in the study area which were recorded by the worldwide network, as well as data from remote events registered by stations in the study region. The obtained mantle seismic anomalies clearly correlate with the main lithosphere structures in the Circum-Arctic region. High-velocity anomalies down to 250–300 km depth correspond to Precambrian thick lithosphere plates, such as the East European Platform with the adjacent shelf areas, Siberian Plate, Canadian Shield, and Greenland. It should be noted that lithosphere beneath the central part of Greenland appears to be strongly thinned, which can be explained by the effect of the Iceland plume which passed under Greenland 50–60 million years ago. Beneath Chukotka, Yakutia, and Alaska we observe low-velocity anomalies which represent weak and relatively thin actively deformed lithosphere. Some of these low-velocity areas coincide with manifestations of Cenozoic volcanism. A high-velocity anomaly at 500–700 km depth beneath Chukotka may be a relic of the subduction zone which occurred here about 100 million years ago. In the oceanic areas, the tomography results are strongly inhomogeneous. Beneath the North Atlantic, we observe very strong low-velocity anomalies which indicate an important role of the Iceland plume and active rifting in the opening of the oceanic basin. On the contrary, beneath the central part of the Arctic Ocean, no significant anomalies are observed, which implies a passive character of rifting.
The Belomorian eclogite province: sequence of events and age of the igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Gridino association
Authors: Dokukina K.A. , Bayanova T.B. , Kaulina T.V. , Travin A.V. , Mints M.V. , Konilov A.N. , Serov P.A. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Within the Belomorian eclogite province, near Gridino Village, rocks of different compositions (tonalite-trondhjemite-granodioritic gneisses, granites, mafic and ultramafic rocks) were metamorphosed. The metamorphism included subsidence with increasing pressure and temperature, an eclogite stage, decompression in the granulitic facies, and a retrograde stage in the amphibolitic facies. We attempted to characterize the succession and to date igneous and metamorphic events in the evolution of the Gridino eclogite association. For this purpose, we conducted the following studies: U–Pb isotope dating of zircon (conventional and SHRIMP II methods) from gneisses, a mafic dike, and a high-pressure granitic leucosome; U–Pb dating of rutile from mafic dikes; 40Ar/39Ar dating of amphibole and mica; and Sm–Nd studies of rocks and minerals. The Sm–Nd model ages of felsic (2.9–3.1 Ga) and mafic (3.0–3.4 Ga) rocks from the Gridino eclogite association and individual magmatic zircon grains with an age of ca. 3.0 Ga indicate the Mesoarchean age of the metamorphic-rock protoliths. The most reliable result is the upper age bound of eclogitic metamorphism (2.71 Ga), which reflects the time of the posteclogitic decompression melting of eclogitized rocks under high-pressure retrograde granulitic metamorphism. The mafic dikes formed from 2.82 Ga to 2.72 Ga, most probably, at 2.82 Ga, in accordance with the crystallization age of magmatic zircon from metagabbro. Superimposed amphibolitic metamorphism and the “final” exhumation of metamorphic complexes at 2.0–1.9 Ga are associated with the later Svecofennian tectonometamorphic stage. Successive cooling of the metamorphic associations to 300 °C at 1.9–1.7 Ga is shown by U–Pb rutile dating and 40Ar/39Ar mica dating.
Geochemistry of lepidolitic granitoids from the Mungutiyn Tsagaan Durulj occurrence (central Mongolia)
Authors: Kuznetsova L.G. , Spiridonov A.M. , Dril’ S.I. , Kulikova Z.I. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
We studied the geologic position, geodynamic setting, petrology, and geochemistry of veined lepidolitic granitoids from the Mungutiyn Tsagaan Durulj (MTD) occurrence (central Mongolia), found within the area of Mesozoic intraplate rare-metal magmatism. It has been established that their trace-element enrichment resulted from the intense effect of fluids rich in F, K, Li, Rb, Cs, Sn, Be, and W, which arrived from a deep magma chamber of rare-metal granitic melts, on leucogranites with originally weak rare-metal mineralization. Very high contents of F, rare alkali metals, Sn, Be, and W, characteristic of MTD granitoids, are close only to those in greisens of rare-metal granites and topaz-lepidolite-albitic pegmatites. The difference from the greisens in each case might be due to the features of the original rocks. The difference between the greisenized MTD leucogranites and the topaz-lepidolite-albitic pegmatites is more radical: Along with evident petrographic distinctions, it includes an evolution trend toward the albite norm decrease, not typical of Li–F igneous rocks; rock shearing and gneissosity, which must have contributed to their chemical transformation according to this trend; and stably lower contents of Nb and Ta (trace elements which usually accumulate during crystallization fractionation of F–Li granitic melts and are poorly soluble in magmatic fluids). The greisenized MTD granitoids are not only high-grade rare-metal ores of Li, Rb, F, and Sn but are also regarded as an indicator of a deep concealed pluton of rare-metal granites.
Locating the sources of potential fields in areal data using the singularity method
Authors: Utyupin Yu.V. , Mishenin S.G. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In an effort to develop and improve potential geophysical field interpretation we suggest that the singularity method should be extended toward areal data. This procedure enables mass and fast calculation of singularities in area and stable solutions. Studying the behavior of model fields and localization of singularities in the phase planes of vector fields permits the use of findings in interpreting geopotential fields. Model and real-life cases of this procedure as applied to tectonic dislocations and local geologic features are exemplified. We show that the proposed procedure significantly enhances the application of the singularity method to interprete geopotential fields.
Recent trends in cartilage regenerative medicine and its application to oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Hoshi Kazuto , Fujihara Yuko , Asawa Yukiyo , Nishizawa Satoru , Kanazawa Sanshiro , Sakamoto Tomoaki , Watanabe Makoto , Ogasawara Toru , Saijo Hideto , Mori Yoshiyuki , Takato Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGreater progress has been made in the clinical application of cartilage regenerative medicine, compared with that of other organs. A typical example of cartilage regenerative medicine is autologous chondrocyte implantation, in which chondrocytes isolated from the patient's cartilage are cultured and injected into the cartilage defects in a liquid‐ or gel‐form. However, the classic autologous chondrocyte implantation has been applicable to only limited diseases, including focal cartilage lesion. Therefore, we developed “implant‐type” tissue‐engineered cartilage that shows mechanical strength and three‐dimensional shape. This type of tissue‐engineered cartilage uses scaffold composed of atelocollagen hydrogel and poly‐l‐lactic acid porous material, which is administered with cultured autologous auricular chondrocytes. Its clinical application to nasal deformity of cleft lip and palate patients has been ongoing at present. This review presents an overview of the current situation regarding cartilage regenerative medicine, as well as introducing our research and the development of implant‐type tissue‐engineered cartilage for the cleft‐lip nose. The discussion of the future development of regenerative medicine is also mentioned.
Olive oil intake and CHD in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Spanish cohort
Authors: Buckland Genevieve , Travier Noemie , Barricarte Aurelio , Ardanaz Eva , Moreno-Iribas Conchi , Sánchez María-José , Molina-Montes Esther , Chirlaque María Dolores , Huerta José María , Navarro Carmen , Redondo Maria Luisa , Amiano Pilar , Dorronsoro Miren , Larrañaga Nerea , Gonzalez Carlos A. 
Published: September 2012

Olive oil is well known for its cardioprotective properties; however, epidemiological data showing that olive oil consumption reduces incident CHD events are still limited. Therefore, we studied the association between olive oil and CHD in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Spanish cohort study. The analysis included 40 142 participants (38 % male), free of CHD events at baseline, recruited from five EPIC-Spain centres from 1992 to 1996 and followed up until 2004. Baseline dietary and lifestyle information was collected using interview-administered questionnaires. Cox proportional regression models were used to assess the relationship between validated incident CHD events and olive oil intake (energy-adjusted quartiles and each 10 g/d per 8368 kJ (2000 kcal) increment), while adjusting for potential confounders. During a 10·4-year follow-up, 587 (79 % male) CHD events were recorded. Olive oil intake was negatively associated with CHD risk after excluding dietary mis-reporters (hazard ratio (HR) 0·93; 95 % CI 0·87, 1·00 for each 10 g/d per 8368 kJ (2000 kcal) and HR 0·78; 95 % CI 0·59, 1·03 for upperv. lower quartile). The inverse association between olive oil intake (per 10 g/d per 8368 kJ (2000 kcal)) and CHD was more pronounced in never smokers (11 % reduced CHD risk (P = 0·048)), in never/low alcohol drinkers (25 % reduced CHD risk (P < 0·001)) and in virgin olive oil consumers (14 % reduced CHD risk (P = 0·072)). In conclusion, olive oil consumption was related to a reduced risk of incident CHD events. This emphasises the need to conserve the traditional culinary use of olive oil within the Mediterranean diet to reduce the CHD burden.
A review of current statistical methodologies for in-storage sampling and surveillance in the grains industry
Authors: Elmouttie D. , Hammond N.E.B. , Hamilton G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEffective, statistically robust sampling and surveillance strategies form an integral component of large agricultural industries such as the grains industry. Intensive in-storage sampling is essential for pest detection, integrated pest management (IPM), to determine grain quality and to satisfy importing nation's biosecurity concerns, while surveillance over broad geographic regions ensures that biosecurity risks can be excluded, monitored, eradicated or contained within an area. In the grains industry, a number of qualitative and quantitative methodologies for surveillance and in-storage sampling have been considered. Primarily, research has focussed on developing statistical methodologies for in-storage sampling strategies concentrating on detection of pest insects within a grain bulk; however, the need for effective and statistically defensible surveillance strategies has also been recognised. Interestingly, although surveillance and in-storage sampling have typically been considered independently, many techniques and concepts are common between the two fields of research. This review aims to consider the development of statistically based in-storage sampling and surveillance strategies and to identify methods that may be useful for both surveillance and in-storage sampling. We discuss the utility of new quantitative and qualitative approaches, such as Bayesian statistics, fault trees and more traditional probabilistic methods and show how these methods may be used in both surveillance and in-storage sampling systems.
Sexual asphyxia causing blunt carotid artery injury and Horner's syndrome
Authors: Muddaiah A , Banigo A , Galli F , Latif M A 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective:To highlight a rare cause of Horner's syndrome, and to review the management of blunt carotid artery injury.Method:Literature search via PubMed for related articles.Results:Horner's syndrome and blunt carotid artery injury are rare phenomena; sexual asphyxia as a cause has not previously been reported. This case is also the first of its kind to have radiological evidence of injury to the external carotid artery but not the internal carotid artery. In Horner's syndrome, additional symptoms of ipsilateral headache or neck pain, tinnitus, or any cerebral ischaemic symptoms should raise suspicion of blunt carotid injury.Conclusion:Blunt carotid artery injury is a potentially fatal condition and can present without radiological evidence. Early recognition and management with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs is crucial to prevent mortality and morbidity.
Stimulated Raman forward scattering of laser in a pre-formed plasma channel
Authors: Panwar Anuraj , Kumar Ashok , Ryu C.M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractStimulated Raman forward scattering (SRFS) of an intense short pulse laser in a plasma channel formed by two pre-laser pulses is investigated. The density nonuniformity of a plasma channel increases the focusing of main laser pulse. Main laser pulse excites a plasma wave and two electromagnetic sideband waves. Laser and the sidebands exert an axial ponderomotive force on electrons driving the plasma wave. The nonlinear currents arise at sideband frequencies. The density perturbation due to plasma wave beats with the oscillatory velocity due to pump to drive the sidebands. The normalized growth rate of SRFS increases with the density nonuniformity of a plasma channel. However, in the presence of a deep plasma channel the focusing is ineffective to laser intensity, but the growth rate increases with the intensity of main laser pulse.
Polarization effects in collisions between very intense laser beams and relativistic electrons
Authors: Popa Alexandru 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe interaction between laser and relativistic electron beams is a promising source of very energetic X rays. We present an accurate model for the collisions between very intense linearly polarized laser beams, corresponding to relativistic parameters of the order of unity or greater, and electrons having energies up to 100 MeV. Our approach uses only one approximation, namely it neglects the radiative corrections. We consider the two cases in which the laser field polarization is either perpendicular or parallel to the plane defined by the directions of propagation of the laser beam and electron beam, and calculate accurately the properties of the σ and π polarized scattered beams. The angle between the directions of the laser and electron beams, denoted by θL, is allowed to have arbitrary values, so that the widely analyzed 180° and 90° geometries, in which the two beams collide, respectively, head on and perpendicularly, are particular cases. We prove that the polarization properties of the scattered beam depend on the angle θL. By varying this angle, the polarization of the scattered beam can be varied between the two limit configurations in which the electromagnetic field of the scattered beam is σ or π polarized with respect to the scattering plane. Our theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental results published in literature. Our model shows that current technologies can be used to produce hard harmonics of the scattered radiations. These harmonics can have relatively high intensities comparable to the intensities of the first harmonics, and energies higher than 1 MeV. Our results lead to the possibility to realize an adjustable photon source with both the energy and polarization of the scattered radiations accurately controlled by the value of the θL angle.
Experimental verification of a low-impedance transit-time oscillator without foils
Authors: Cao Yibing , He Juntao , Zhang Jiande , Ling Junpu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe low-impedance transit-time oscillator without foils is a new high-power microwave generator. In a previous report, a radiation power of 2.7 GW at 1.64 GHz has been achieved and the corresponding power conversion efficiency is 18.75%. Recently, the further experiments are continued in our laboratory. By increasing the cathode-anode gap properly, the operating voltage of device is enhanced to about 628 kV, and the corresponding radiation power reaches 3.6 GW. The device efficiency approaches 23%. In the newest experiments, because of the higher power level, the radiation power has been obviously influenced by RF breakdown in the vicinity of the dielectric window. By using a plastic bag filled with sulfur-hexafluoride (SF6), such an influence can be minimized.