bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arrhythmia in patients with systemic sclerosis: incidence, risk factors and impact on mortality in a Swedish register-based study
Authors: Bairkdar Majd , Dong Zihan , Andell Pontus , Hesselstrand Roger , Holmqvist Marie 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are to study the risk of developing cardiac arrhythmia and its subtypes over time in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), to assess potential risk factors for arrhythmia in SSc and to explore whether arrhythmia is associated with mortality.MethodsWe used nationwide Swedish registers to identify patients with incident SSc 2004–2019 and matched general population comparators (1:10). The primary outcome was incident arrhythmia. Follow-up started at the date of SSc diagnosis and ended at the primary outcome, death, emigration or 31 December 2019. We estimated the incidence of arrhythmia overall and stratified by subtype and explored the relative risk in relation to time since diagnosis using flexible parametric models. We used Cox regression to study risk factors for arrhythmia and the association of arrhythmia with mortality.ResultsWe identified 1565 patients and 16 009 comparators. The overall incidence of arrhythmia was 255 (95% CI 221 to 295) and 119 (95% CI 112 to 127) per 10 000 person years in patients with SSc and comparators, respectively, corresponding to an IRR of 2.1 (95% CI 1.8 to 2.5). The greatest hazard difference between patients with SSc compared with the comparators was seen in the first year of follow-up (HR for arrhythmia 3.0; 95% CI 2.3 to 3.8). Atrial fibrillation and flutter were the most common arrhythmia subtypes. Male sex, index age and pulmonary arterial hypertension were significant risk factors for arrhythmia in SSc. Incident arrhythmia was significantly associated with mortality (HR 2.2; 95% CI 1.6 to 3.0).ConclusionSSc is associated with higher incidence of cardiac arrhythmia compared with general population. Arrhythmia seems to be an early manifestation of SSc and is associated with higher mortality.
Seeds and sequences of element abundances in solar energetic particle events
Authors: Reames Donald V. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSolar energetic particles (SEPs) in the small “impulsive” events, primarily accelerated during magnetic reconnection in solar jets, have strong enhancements of the abundances of increasingly heavy elements. In contrast, the shock acceleration of ambient coronal plasma in most large “gradual” SEP events produces flat or decreasing abundances vs. element mass-to-charge ratios A/Q. However, heavy-ion enhancements in the largest gradual SEP events can occur in two ways: (1) strong streaming of protons away from the shock amplifies Alfvén waves that preferentially scatter and retard protons near the shock while increasingly heavy ions can leak out, and (2) strong shock waves reaccelerate SEPs fed from persistent impulsive SEP events streaming from some active regions, with their pre-enhanced heavy ions becoming dominant. Power-law fits of abundance enhancements versus A/Q can distinguish the latter events by the presence of both impulsive and coronal seed components and the best-fit charges Q define characteristic source temperatures. Ironically, ions with high observed charges, e.g., QFe ≈ 20, are yet another signature of impulsive seed ions that are routinely stripped after initial acceleration. Intense impulsively seeded events can occur in sequences fed from a single persistent active region as it rotates across the disk of the Sun. Three-week-long event sequences, each producing two or three very large events, occur early in the strong solar-cycle 23 (1997 – 2008). The weak solar cycle 24 produces only one impulsively seeded event sequence—perhaps a dearth of both impulsive seeds and sufficiently strong shocks. Solar cycle 25 has produced an unusual active period of short strong impulsive events. In contrast, there are other active regions where large events alternate SEPs with and without impulsively seeded sources. We also find that events with moderate Alfvén-wave trapping near the shock can release ions slowly or rapidly as a function of A/Q. This A/Q-dependent trapping acts almost as a magnetic spectrometer that separates elements in space and time.
“Sementes do mal”: essencialização e agência na sustentação do racismo em unidades socioeducativas do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Vinuto Juliana 
Published: August 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar processos de essencialização de adolescentes que cumprem medida socioeducativa de internação no estado do Rio de Janeiro, considerando as disputas profissionais sobre a dimensão racial de tais processos de essencialização. Para tanto, diferentes materiais de pesquisas de campo realizadas desde 2015 foram retomados, o que permitiu discutir a regularidade de representações racializadas sobre adolescentes internados, mesmo quando tal dimensão racial não foi percebida ou intencional. Ao constatar a centralidade da expressão “sementes do mal”, comum em unidades socioeducativas fluminenses, será possível dialogar criticamente com o conceito de racismo estrutural de modo a ressaltar a dimensão de agência na produção e reprodução de desigualdades raciais na medida socioeducativa de internação.
Novel Drp1 GTPase Inhibitor, Drpitor1a: Efficacy in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Wu Danchen , Jansen-van Vuuren Ross D. , Dasgupta Asish , Al-Qazazi Ruaa , Chen Kuang-Hueih , Martin Ashley Y , Mewburn Jeffrey D. , Alizadeh Elahe , Lima Patricia D.A. , Jones Oliver , Colpman Pierce , Bentley Rachel E.T. , VandenBroek M. Martin , Breault Nolan M. , Emon Isaac M. , Yerramilli V. Siddartha , Jedlovčnik Luka , Zhao Yuan Yuan , Wells Michael , Sutendra Gopinath , Ormiston Mark L. , Archer Stephen L. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Drp1 (dynamin-related protein 1), a large GTPase, mediates the increased mitochondrial fission, which contributes to hyperproliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We developed a potent Drp1 GTPase inhibitor, Drpitor1a, but its specificity, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy in PAH are unknown.

METHODS:
Drpitor1a’s ability to inhibit recombinant and endogenous Drp1 GTPase was assessed. Drpitor1a’s effects on fission were studied in control and PAH human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMC) and blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOEC). Cell proliferation and apoptosis were studied in hPASMC. Pharmacokinetics and tissue concentrations were measured following intravenous and oral drug administration. Drpitor1a’s efficacy in regressing monocrotaline-PAH was assessed in rats. In a pilot study, Drpitor1a reduced PA remodeling only in females. Subsequently, we compared Drpitor1a to vehicles in control and monocrotaline-PAH females.

RESULTS:
Drp1 GTPase activity was increased in PAH hPASMC. Drpitor1a inhibited the GTPase activity of recombinant and endogenous Drp1 and reversed the increased fission, seen in PAH hPASMC and PAH BOEC. Drpitor1a inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in PAH hPASMC without affecting electron transport chain activity, respiration, fission/fusion mediator expression, or mitochondrial Drp1 translocation. Drpitor1a did not inhibit proliferation or alter mitochondrial dynamics in normal hPASMC. Drpitor1a regressed monocrotaline-PAH without systemic vascular effects or toxicity.

CONCLUSIONS:
Drpitor1a is a specific Drp1 GTPase inhibitor that reduces mitochondrial fission in PAH hPASMC and PAH BOEC. Drpitor1a reduces proliferation and induces apoptosis in PAH hPASMC and regresses monocrotaline-PAH. Drp1 is a therapeutic target in PAH, and Drpitor1a is a potential therapy with an interesting therapeutic sexual dimorphism.
Cerebro-spinal somatotopic organization uncovered through functional connectivity mapping
Authors: Landelle Caroline , Kinany Nawal , De Leener Benjamin , Murphy Nicholas D. , Lungu Ovidiu , Marchand-Pauvert Véronique , Van De Ville Dimitri , Doyon Julien 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Somatotopy, the topographical arrangement of sensorimotor pathways corresponding to distinct body parts, is a fundamental feature of the human central nervous system (CNS). Traditionally, investigations into brain and spinal cord somatotopy have been conducted independently, primarily utilizing body stimulations or movements. To date, however, no study has probed the somatotopic arrangement of cerebro-spinal functional connections in vivo in humans. In this study, we used simultaneous brain and cervical spinal cord functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to demonstrate how the coordinated activities of these two CNS levels at rest can reveal their shared somatotopy. Using functional connectivity analyses, we mapped preferential correlation patterns between each spinal cord segment and distinct brain regions, revealing a somatotopic gradient within the cortical sensorimotor network. We then validated this large-scale somatotopic organization through a complementary data-driven analysis, where we effectively identified spinal cord segments through the connectivity profiles of their voxels with the sensorimotor cortex. These findings underscore the potential of resting-state cerebro-spinal cord fMRI to probe the large-scale organization of the human sensorimotor system with minimal experimental burden, holding promise for gaining a more comprehensive understanding of normal and impaired somatosensory-motor functions.
Manifold Gaussian Variational Bayes on the Precision Matrix
Authors: Magris Martin , Shabani Mostafa , Iosifidis Alexandros 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We propose an optimization algorithm for variational inference (VI) in complex models. Our approach relies on natural gradient updates where the variational space is a Riemann manifold. We develop an efficient algorithm for gaussian variational inference whose updates satisfy the positive definite constraint on the variational covariance matrix. Our manifold gaussian variational Bayes on the precision matrix (MGVBP) solution provides simple update rules, is straightforward to implement, and the use of the precision matrix parameterization has a significant computational advantage. Due to its black-box nature, MGVBP stands as a ready-to-use solution for VI in complex models. Over five data sets, we empirically validate our feasible approach on different statistical and econometric models, discussing its performance with respect to baseline methods.
Hometown Heroes: Onshoring, Promoting Local Content & WTO Law
Authors: Mitchell Andrew D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article examines the complexities and challenges associated with onshoring manufacturing through local content requirements within the context of World Trade Organization (WTO) law. Governments have intensified efforts to relocate production within their territories, leveraging local content requirements and incentives. This shift is primarily justified by the need for supply chain resilience, public health, and national security, aiming to mitigate risks associated with reliance on foreign suppliers during crises. However, these strategies may conflict with WTO obligations, particularly those concerning trade-related investment measures and subsidies. Using pharmaceuticals as a case study, this article explores the rationale, scope, and implications of WTO rules on local content policies. The analysis provides insights into how nations navigate the delicate balance between enhancing domestic capabilities and adhering to international trade laws.
Short- and Medium-Range Predictability of Warm-Season Derechos. Part I: Operational Predictability and Composites
Authors: Ribeiro Bruno Z. , Weiss Steven J. , Bosart Lance F. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study analyzes the operational predictability of warm-season (May–August) progressive derechos. A subset of 47 derechos occurring between 2010 and 2022 were selected based on NCEI Storm Data and radar imagery. The Storm Prediction Center Convective Outlooks issued from 5 days before each derecho to the day of the event were used to determine whether the severe weather and derecho predictability was low, moderate, or high, for each case. The cases were also categorized based on the synoptic-scale midlevel flow pattern. Composite maps of synoptic patterns associated with the derecho cases and distributions of severe weather parameters in the derecho inflow region were generated. About 72% of the 47 derechos selected for this study were associated with low predictability, and the remainder were categorized with moderate predictability. None of the cases had high predictability. Most derechos occurring under northwest- and zonal-flow regimes (80% and 85%, respectively) had low predictability. Composites of low- and moderate-predictability derechos indicate that derechos formed in the equatorward entrance region of the upper-level jet, where low-level warm advection exists in conjunction with an equivalent potential temperature maximum. A midlevel trough is located upstream of the derecho initiation point in many of the moderate-predictability composites but is absent in the low-predictability composites, which indicates weaker synoptic-scale forcing for ascent in low-predictability cases. The distributions of severe weather parameters for low- and moderate-predictability derechos are similar, suggesting that these parameters alone are not particularly useful as a discriminator of derecho predictability.

Significance Statement
Derechos are characterized by swaths of damaging wind gusts caused by an organized group of long-lived convective storms. These events are more frequent in the summer and are often difficult to predict far in advance. This study analyzes a subset of derecho cases to better understand the differences between cases with lower and higher predictability. About 72% of the 47 derechos examined in this study had low predictability. In these cases, the development and maintenance of storms are typically associated with larger uncertainty, but if persistent storms do form, there is potential to produce a derecho. These findings are part of ongoing work that examines ways to improve derecho forecasts with greater lead time.
Relationship Between Fatalistic Cancer Beliefs and Risky Health Behaviors
Authors: Zaidi Maryum , Sarkar Sayantani , Arakelyan Stella , Poghosyan Hermine 
Published: August 2024

Background: There is limited research on how fatalism influences risky health behaviors that are linked to higher cancer risks. This study investigates the relationship between risky health behaviors (tobacco smoking, electronic cigarette use, and heavy alcohol drinking) and fatalistic cancer beliefs while controlling for health care–related self-efficacy and sociodemographic and clinical factors among adults without a history of cancer. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 5 Cycle 4. The study sample included noninstitutionalized adults (aged ≥18 years without a self-reported cancer history (n = 2464). The outcome variable was risky health behaviors comprised of tobacco smoking, electronic cigarette use, and heavy alcohol drinking. We combined these 3 risky behaviors into a binary variable (0, not having risky health behavior; 1, having ≥1 risky health behavior). The key independent variable was cancer fatalistic beliefs. We used descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: Overall, 50% of the sample were women, 64.7% of participants self-identified as non-Hispanic White, 16.4% as Hispanic, and 10.6% as non-Hispanic Black. About 43% of participants reported having at least one risky health behavior. While holding all other factors constant, each unit increase in cancer fatalism score was associated with 30.0% higher odds of increased risky health behaviors (odds ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.62, P = .021) among adults without a history of cancer. Conclusion: By understanding the relationship between cancer-related fatalistic beliefs and risky health behaviors, cancer prevention outreach programs can be personalized to suit the unique needs of specific individuals and communities.
Method for Using Voicemail and Email for Qualitative Data Collection Among Nurses
Authors: Dolan Hanne R. , Littzen-Brown Chloé O. R. , May Jennifer T. , Rainbow Jessica G. 
Published: August 2024

Background: Memorializing nurses’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic had the potential to allow scientists and policymakers to learn about the impact on the nursing profession and health care systems. Yet, nurses are considered a difficult population to recruit for research. Objective: To describe an innovative qualitative data collection method for capturing current practice experiences among nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Guerilla theory served as the theoretical framework. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive design, a telephone voicemail messaging system was developed to capture nurses’ experiences. Results: Nurses were recruited with convenience and snowball sampling via social media and state listservs. The telephone voicemail messaging system, Twilio, was used. After listening to the recording of the consent form, the participants shared their experiences by leaving a voice message where they answered the prompt, “Tell us about your experiences working during the COVID-19 pandemic.” Seventy voicemails were included, and the voicemails were transcribed. After a nurse shared their experience via an email sent to the research team, emails were added to the data collection; 16 emails were received. Transcripts and emails were uploaded to the qualitative data analysis software program, Dedoose, and coded by 2 researchers using content analysis. Main themes were derived and discussed among the research team. Conclusion: Allowing participants multiple modes of expressing their experiences promote inclusivity in data collection. Further development and standardization of this method is needed for future research.
Wellness and Stress Management Practices Among Healthcare Professionals and Health Professional Students
Authors: Yalim Asli C. , Daly Katherine , Bailey Monica , Kay Denise , Zhu Xiang , Patel Mohammed , Neely Laurie C. , Díaz Desiree A. , Asencio Denyi M. Canario , Rosario Karla , Cowan Melissa , Pasarica Magdalena 
Published: August 2024

Purpose Healthcare professionals experience stressors that begin during training and persist into their careers that adversely impact their well-being. This study aims to identify students’ and professionals’ stress levels, satisfaction with wellness domains, barriers to wellness, and stress management practices. Design This study was a cross-sectional self-reported survey study. Settings and Sample The study included students (N = 242) and professionals (N = 237) from medicine, nursing, pharmacy, physical therapy, social work, and counseling/psychology. Measures The Managing Health & Wellness in Health Professions Training and Practice survey was used to capture wellness practices and barriers among participants. Results: Students reported significantly higher perceived stress compared to professionals ( P < 0.001). Total wellness is significantly higher among professionals compared to students ( P < 0.001). A higher stress rate is significantly related to being female, having a lower wellness score, and facing more barriers ( P < 0.001). Intellectual health is the most valuable wellness domain for providers (M = 3.71, SD = 0.9) and students (M = 3.43, SD = 0.85), followed by spiritual health for providers (M = 3.4, SD = 1.1), and work/learning environment for students (M = 3.33, SD = 0.93). Professionals and students are least satisfied with their physical and financial health. Barriers include fatigue, workload/productivity in clinical practice, work hours, and burnout. Conclusions Healthcare professionals exhibit a variety of stress management practices, encounter barriers, and prioritize different wellness domains. Healthcare systems should incorporate self-care education into their curricula and implement systemic changes to foster a thriving healthcare workforce.
Open suture repair versus PermacolTM mesh repair of small ventral hernias in patients with end-stage kidney disease
Authors: Luk Yan , Lee Jia-ning , Law Tsz Ting , Yin Li Jason Yu , Ng Lily , Wong Kin Yuen 
Published: August 2024

Background Ventral hernia is a common surgical problem among patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), while the optimal repair technique for small ventral hernias is controversial. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of open suture repair versus biological mesh repair of small ventral hernias with defect size ≤2 cm in ESKD patients. Method Data from consecutive ESKD patients who underwent elective ventral hernia repair with defect size ≤2 cm at a single institution from January 2012 to January 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Outcomes of open suture repair were compared to PermacolTM mesh repair. The primary outcome was recurrence rate. Secondary outcomes included post-operative complications, peri-operative and post-operative dialysis regimen. Results Forty-seven ventral hernia repairs were included, with 20 being suture repairs and 27 being PermacolTM mesh repairs. Median age at hernia repair was 60 (range 32–81) years old. Pre-operatively, 42 patients (89.4%) were on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Paraumbilical hernia (59.6%) was most common. Median hernia defect size was 15 mm (range 2–20 mm). Upon median follow-up of 56 (range 9–119) months, more patients in the suture repair group developed recurrence (30% vs. 0%, p = 0.004). Median time to recurrence was 10 (range 5–16) months. There was no wound or mesh infection. The majority of patients underwent intermittent PD peri-operatively and were able to resume on PD in the long run. Conclusion Ventral hernia repair is indicated in ESKD patients even for small defects; repair with PermacolTM mesh was associated with a lower recurrence rate when compared to suture repair and post-operative morbidity was low.