bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of cortical thinning in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Rahayel Shady , Montplaisir Jacques , Monchi Oury , Bedetti Christophe , Postuma Ronald B. , Brambati Simona , Carrier Julie , Joubert Sven , Latreille Véronique , Jubault Thomas , Gagnon Jean‐François 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIdiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder is a parasomnia that is a risk factor for dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease. Brain function impairments have been identified in this disorder, mainly in the frontal and posterior cortical regions. However, the anatomical support for these dysfunctions remains poorly understood. We investigated gray matter thickness, gray matter volume, and white matter integrity in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Twenty‐four patients with polysomnography‐confirmed idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and 42 healthy individuals underwent a 3‐tesla structural and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging examination using corticometry, voxel‐based morphometry, and diffusion tensor imaging. In the patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, decreased cortical thickness was observed in the frontal cortex, the lingual gyrus, and the fusiform gyrus. Gray matter volume was reduced in the superior frontal sulcus only. Patients showed no increased gray matter thickness or volume. Diffusion tensor imaging analyses revealed no significant white matter differences between groups. Using corticometry in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, several new cortical regions with gray matter alterations were identified, similar to those reported in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease. These findings provide some anatomical support for previously identified brain function impairments in this disorder. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Rate of decline in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Litvan Irene , Kong Maiying 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe rate of patients' decline is critical to properly design trials of disease‐modifying agents. We prospectively quantified the progression of 27 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients for at least 1 year to determine the rate of decline of motor, ocular‐motor, neuropsychological, and neuropsychiatric features. PSP patients meeting the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and the Society for Progressive Supranuclear Palsy criteria were assessed using the PSP Rating Scale (PSP‐RS) and modified UPDRS. The Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Frontal Assessment Battery assessed cognitive decline, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory assessed behavior, and the modified Schwab and England scale and UPDRS ADL assessed activities of daily living (ADL). The rate of change of each score was calculated as 1‐year worsening score. Power and sample sizes were estimated. PSP patients showed a significant yearly decline in total and subtotal scores of the PSP‐RS and UPDRS, as well as in MMSE, and UPDRS and Schwab and England ADL scores. In addition, they had significant deterioration of individual item scores reflecting major aspects of the disease (i.e., ocular‐motor). The rate of decline reflected in the UPDRS mirrored that of the PSP‐RS. The worsening of the ADL score was positively correlated with the PSP‐RS progression of falls and ocular‐motor subitem scores and with executive dysfunction. PSP patients showed a significant yearly decline in motor, ocular‐motor, and ADL functions. Our findings suggest that using more‐advanced technology to measure ocular‐motor, postural instability, and ADL will be helpful in planning future therapeutic trials. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Simultaneous acquisition of image and navigator slices using CAIPIRINHA for 4D MRI
Authors: Celicanin Zarko , Bieri Oliver , Preiswerk Frank , Cattin Philippe , Scheffler Klaus , Santini Francesco 
Published: February 2014

PurposeRespiratory organ motion is still the major challenge of various image‐guided treatments in the abdomen. Dynamic organ motion tracking, necessary for the treatment control, can be performed with volumetric time‐resolved MRI that sequentially acquires one image and one navigator slice. Here, a novel imaging method is proposed for truly simultaneous high temporal resolution acquisition.MethodsA standard balanced steady state free precession sequence was modified to simultaneously acquire two superimposed slices with different phase cycles, namely an image and a navigator slice. Instead of multiband RF pulses, two separate RF pulses were used for the excitation. Images were reconstructed using offline CAIPIRINHA reconstruction. Phantom and in vivo measurements of healthy volunteers were performed and evaluated.ResultsPhantom and in vivo measurements showed good image quality with high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and no reconstruction issues.ConclusionWe present a novel imaging method for truly simultaneous acquisition of image and navigator slices for four‐dimensional (4D) MRI of organ motion. In this method, the time lag between the sequential acquisitions is eliminated, leading to an improved accuracy of organ motion models, while CAIPIRINHA reconstruction results in an improved SNR compared with an existing 4D MRI approach. Magn Reson Med 73:669–676, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vivo31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human liver at 7 T: an initial experience
Authors: Chmelik Marek , Považan Michal , Krššák Martin , Gruber Stephan , Tkačov Martin , Trattnig Siegfried , Bogner Wolfgang 
Published: February 2014

Phosphorus (31P) MRS is a powerful tool for the non‐invasive investigation of human liver metabolism. Four in vivo 31P localization approaches (single voxel image selected in vivo spectroscopy (3D‐ISIS), slab selective 1D‐ISIS, 2D chemical shift imaging (CSI), and 3D‐CSI) with different voxel volumes and acquisition times were demonstrated in nine healthy volunteers. Localization techniques provided comparable signal‐to‐noise ratios normalized for voxel volume and acquisition time differences, Cramer–Rao lower bounds (8.7 ± 3.3%1D‐ISIS, 7.6 ± 2.5%3D‐ISIS, 8.6 ± 4.2%2D‐CSI, 10.3 ± 2.7%3D‐CSI), and linewidths (50 ± 24 Hz1D‐ISIS, 34 ± 10 Hz3D‐ISIS, 33 ± 10 Hz2D‐CSI, 34 ± 11 Hz3D‐CSI).Longitudinal (T1) relaxation times of human liver metabolites at 7 T were assessed by 1D‐ISIS inversion recovery in the same volunteers (n = 9). T1 relaxation times of hepatic 31P metabolites at 7 T were the following: phosphorylethanolamine – 4.41 ± 1.55 s; phosphorylcholine – 3.74 ± 1.31 s; inorganic phosphate – 0.70 ± 0.33 s; glycerol 3‐phosphorylethanolamine – 6.19 ± 0.91 s; glycerol 3‐phosphorylcholine – 5.94 ± 0.73 s; γ‐adenosine triphosphate (ATP) – 0.50 ± 0.08 s; α‐ATP – 0.46 ± 0.07 s; β‐ATP – 0.56 ± 0.07 s. The improved spectral resolution at 7 T enabled separation of resonances in the phosphomonoester and phosphodiester spectral region as well as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and uridine diphosphoglucose signals. An additional resonance at 2.06 ppm previously assigned to phosphoenolpyruvate or phosphatidylcholine is also detectable.These are the first 31P metabolite relaxation time measurements at 7 T in human liver, and they will help in the exploration of new, exciting questions in metabolic research with 7 T MR. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperlipidaemia impairs the circadian clock and physiological homeostasis of vascular smooth muscle cells via the suppression of Smarcd1
Authors: Chen Siyu , Ding Yan , Zhang Zhao , Wang Han , Liu Chang 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMany mammalian physiological processes show diurnal oscillation and are controlled by a circadian clock. Disruption of the circadian clock has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders, but the mechanism through which clock and vessel function are integrated is unclear. Here we show that the rhythmicity of key clock genes and Smarcd1, a member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex family, is suppressed in the layer of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of the thoracic aorta of hyperlipidaemic rats fed a high‐fat diet (HFD). Smarcd1 stimulates the transcription of clock genes, notably bmal1, through co‐activation of the nuclear orphan receptor RORα in VSMCs. The co‐activation of Smarcd1 and RORα is dependent on the mediation of PGC‐1α, a transcriptional co‐activator. Pathophysiologically, Smarcd1 inhibits VSMC proliferation and migration by blocking cell cycle re‐entry and via the activation of kinase signalling pathways. Our results demonstrate that Smarcd1 is a critical node integrating the circadian clock and VSMC physiological homeostasis. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morgana acts as a proto‐oncogene through inhibition of a ROCK–PTEN pathway
Authors: Fusella Federica , Ferretti Roberta , Recupero Daniele , Rocca Stefania , Di Savino Augusta , Tornillo Giusy , Silengo Lorenzo , Turco Emilia , Cabodi Sara , Provero Paolo , Pandolfi Pier Paolo , Sapino Anna , Tarone Guido , Brancaccio Mara 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMorgana/CHP‐1 is a ubiquitously expressed protein able to inhibit ROCK II kinase activity. We have previously demonstrated that morgana haploinsufficiency leads to multiple centrosomes, genomic instability, and higher susceptibility to tumour development. While a large fraction of human cancers has shown morgana down‐regulation, a small subset of tumours was shown to express high morgana levels. Here we demonstrate that high morgana expression in different breast cancer subtypes correlates with high tumour grade, mitosis number, and lymph node positivity. Moreover, morgana overexpression induces transformation in NIH‐3T3 cells and strongly protects them from various apoptotic stimuli. From a mechanistic point of view, we demonstrate that morgana causes PTEN destabilization, by inhibiting ROCK activity, hence triggering the PI3K/AKT survival pathway. In turn, morgana down‐regulation in breast cancer cells that express high morgana levels increases PTEN expression and leads to sensitization of cells to chemotherapy. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Invasive bacterial and fungal infections in paediatric patients with cancer: Incidence, risk factors, aetiology and outcomes in a UK regional cohort 2009–2011
Authors: Calton Elizabeth A. , Le Doaré Kirsty , Appleby Gayle , Chisholm Julia C. , Sharland Mike , Ladhani Shamez N. ,   CABIN Participants
Published: February 2014

BackgroundCancer is the second most common cause of childhood deaths in the United Kingdom and infection contributes to a quarter of all cancer‐related deaths. This study aimed to estimate the risk, aetiology and outcome of bloodstream bacterial and fungal infections in children with cancer within a geographically defined region in South‐West London over a 3‐year period.MethodsWeb‐based questionnaires were completed using case records of children with positive blood cultures admitted to five London hospitals during 2009–2011.ResultsA total of 112 children with a median age of 5.4 (IQR 3.6–11.2) years had 266 significant blood cultures during 149 infection episodes. Haematological malignancy affected 68 patients (60.7%) and solid tumours 44 (39.3%). The overall bloodstream infection rate was 1.5 episodes per 1,000 days‐at‐risk (95% CI, 1.2–1.8) and was similar for those with haematological malignancies and solid tumours. Most episodes were attributed to central venous catheter infection (120/149, 80.5%). Coagulase‐negative staphylococci were isolated in almost half the bloodstream infections (127/266; 47.7%), while Gram‐negative organisms accounted for a further quarter (64/266; 24.1%). Fungal isolates from blood were uncommon (8/112 children, 7.1%) but significantly associated with neutropenia (18/149 [12.1%] vs. 1/114 [0.9%], P = 0.0004). Six children (5.4%) died, including three (2.7%; 95% CI, 0.6–7.6%) whose deaths were infection‐related.ConclusionsThis study provides an updated risk estimate for bloodstream infections in children with cancer and adds to the framework for developing evidence‐based guidance for management of suspected infections in this highly vulnerable group. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1239–1245. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A retrospective analysis of recurrent intracranial ependymoma
Authors: Antony Reuben , Wong Kenneth E. , Patel Moneil , Olch Arthur J. , McComb Gordon , Krieger Mark , Gilles Floyd , Sposto Richard , Erdreich‐Epstein Anat , Dhall Girish , Gardner Sharon , Finlay Jonathan L. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundRecurrence occurs in almost 50% of patients with intracranial ependymoma, and their outcome following recurrence is poor.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 22 patients with intracranial ependymoma and subsequent relapse(s) (59 recurrences) treated at Children's Hospital Los Angeles or New York University between January 1997 and December 2012.ResultsMedian duration of follow‐up was 52 months (7–171 months). Median age at initial diagnosis was 4 years (0.3–19 years) with 8 patients younger than 3 years at presentation. Eleven patients had anaplastic and 11 cellular pathologies. Eighteen patients had infratentorial tumors at diagnosis and 3 (all infratentorial) had metastatic spinal cord involvement at presentation. Cerebrospinal fluid involvement was not identified at diagnosis or relapse. Median time to first recurrence was 16 months (1.3 to 115 months). The number of recurrences in each patient ranged from 1 to 9 (median = 2). Thirty‐seven recurrences (63%) were detected asymptomatically by surveillance imaging. Fifteen recurrences (26%) arose outside the initial tumor site. Recurrences were treated by surgical resection (45), with irradiation (30), and with various oral chemotherapies (23) with (7) or without (16) conventional chemotherapy. The 5 and 10 year overall survival rates from first recurrence were 0.37 ± 0.14 and 0.25 ± 0.14.ConclusionProlonged (5–10 year) survival from first relapse was noted in over one‐quarter of our patients. It remains unclear whether early radiographic diagnosis, differing treatment modalities beyond radical surgical resection or possibly unrecognized biological differences contributed towards this prolonged survival. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1195–1201. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of hydroxyurea on compound heterozygotes for sickle cell‐hemoglobin D‐Punjab—A single centre experience in eastern India
Authors: Patel Siris , Purohit Prasanta , Mashon Ranjeet Singh , Dehury Snehadhini , Meher Satyabrata , Sahoo Sulia , Dash Subhransu Sekhar , Das Kishalaya , Das Padmalaya , Patel Dilip Kumar 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough hydroxyurea is the only effective agent for the treatment of sickle cell disease, published experience with this drug is limited to treatment of homozygous sickle cell anemia and HbS/β thalassemia. The role of hydroxyurea in the treatment of patients with HbSD‐Punjab, a rare hemoglobinopathy with phenotypic expression similar to that of sickle cell anemia is unknown.ProcedureOver a period of 10 years, we followed 42 patients with HbSD‐Punjab, of which 20 presented with severe clinical manifestations (≥3 episodes of VOC and/or ≥2 units of blood transfusion in the previous 12 months). These 20 patients were enrolled for treatment with hydroxyurea at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day and followed prospectively for a period of 24 months.ResultsThe frequency of VOC decreased significantly and none of them required blood transfusion while receiving hydroxyurea. The HbF, total hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, and MCHC levels increased significantly, whereas HbS, WBC, platelet count, total serum bilirubin, and LDH levels decreased significantly in all the patients. No short‐term drug toxicity was observed.ConclusionThis study describes the use of hydroxyurea therapy in patients with HbSD‐Punjab. Low dose hydroxyurea (10 mg/kg/day) was found to be effective in reducing the clinical severity in patients with HbSD‐Punjab without any short‐term toxicity. In view of easy affordability amongst poor patients, widespread acceptability by patients and doctors, the need of infrequent monitoring and its potential effectiveness, low dose hydroxyurea is suitable for treatment of patients with HbSD‐Punjab. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1341–1346. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐resolution chromosomal microarrays in prenatal diagnosis significantly increase diagnostic power
Authors: Oneda Beatrice , Baldinger Rosa , Reissmann Regina , Reshetnikova Irina , Krejci Pavel , Masood Rahim , Ochsenbein‐Kölble Nicole , Bartholdi Deborah , Steindl Katharina , Morotti Denise , Faranda Marzia , Baumer Alessandra , Asadollahi Reza , Joset Pascal , Niedrist Dunja , Breymann Christian , Hebisch Gundula , Hüsler Margaret , Mueller René , Prentl Elke , Wisser Josef , Zimmermann Roland , Rauch Anita 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine for the first time the reliability and the diagnostic power of high‐resolution microarray testing in routine prenatal diagnostics.MethodsWe applied high‐resolution chromosomal microarray testing in 464 cytogenetically normal prenatal samples with any indication for invasive testing.ResultsHigh‐resolution testing revealed a diagnostic yield of 6.9% and 1.6% in cases of fetal ultrasound anomalies and cases of advanced maternal age (AMA), respectively, which is similar to previous studies using low‐resolution microarrays. In three (0.6%) additional cases with an indication of AMA, an aberration in susceptibility risk loci was detected. Moreover, one case (0.2%) showed an X‐linked aberration in a female fetus, a finding relevant for future family planning. We found the rate of cases, in which the parents had to be tested for interpretation of unreported copy number variants (3.7%), and the rate of remaining variants of unknown significance (0.4%) acceptably low. Of note, these findings did not cause termination of pregnancy after expert genetic counseling. The 0.4% rate of confined placental mosaicism was similar to that observed by conventional karyotyping and notably involved a case of placental microdeletion.ConclusionHigh‐resolution prenatal microarray testing is a reliable technique that increases diagnostic yield by at least 17.3% when compared with conventional karyotyping, without an increase in the frequency of variants of uncertain significance. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Levofloxacin and proton pump inhibitor‐based triple therapy versus standard triple first‐line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication
Authors: Ye Chen‐Li , Liao Guo‐Ping , He Shuai , Pan Yan‐Na , Kang Ying‐Bo , Zhang Zhong‐Yi 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSBackgroundStandard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection fails in up to one quarter of patients. Levofloxacin‐based triple therapy may be more efficacious.ObjectiveThe aim of this paper was to compare levofloxacin and proton pump inhibitor‐based triple therapy with standard triple therapy for H. pylori infection.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar, and Ovid were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials comparing levofloxacin and proton pump inhibitor‐based therapy with standard triple therapy in treatment‐naive patients with H. pylori infection until August 2013.ResultsTen randomized controlled trials involving 2676 patients (1357 in the levofloxacin group and 1319 in the control group) met the inclusion criteria. The pooled odds ratio by intention‐to‐treat analysis and by per protocol analysis in the levofloxacin regimen versus standard regimen was 1.28 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88–1.85] and 1.23 (95% CI: 0.82–1.84) by the random effects model, respectively. There was no statistical significance of the incidence of total side effects between the groups, but levofloxacin‐based therapy was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of taste disturbance compared with standard third therapy.ConclusionLevofloxacin‐based therapy was as safe and effective as triple therapy for H. pylori infection and could be considered as an additional treatment option. However, more rigorous research is required to accurately assess the role of levofloxacin in eradicating H. pylori infection. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differences among admitting departments in alerts and alert overrides for drug–drug interaction
Authors: Ahn Eun Kyoung , Kam Hye Jin , Park Dong Kyun , Jung Eun Young , Lee Youngho , Park Rae Woong 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine differences in the incidence and risk factors of alerts for drug–drug interaction (DDI) and the rate of alert overrides by an admitting department.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed using electronic health records of a Korean tertiary teaching hospital including all hospitalized adult patients for 18 months. The main outcome measures included incidence rates of alerts for DDI and their override, hazard ratios (HRs) for DDI alerts, and odds ratios (ORs) for alert overrides by admitting department (emergency department [ED], general ward [GW], and intensive care unit [ICU]) after adjusting for other known risk factors.ResultsAmong 102 379 incident admissions, 6060 had alerts for DDI (5.4/person‐year). After adjusting for covariates, patients admitted to the ED (HR, 4.02; confidence interval [CI], 3.69–4.38) or ICU (HR, 1.62; CI, 1.29–2.04) showed higher risks for DDI compared with those admitted to the GW. The alert‐override rate was significantly higher in the ED (OR 1.68) than in the GW; however, there was no significant difference between GW and ICU. The prevalence of DDI alerts and their override rate were also demonstrated.DiscussionThe incidence of DDI and the alert‐override rate differed by admitting department. The ED and ICU were associated with higher risks for alerts on DDI than did the GW after adjusting for other known risk factors.ConclusionsAdmitting department was an independent risk factor for alerts and alert overrides. Strategies to reduce alerts and alert overrides should consider the admitting department. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
p‐CuO/n‐Si heterojunction solar cells with high open circuit voltage and photocurrent through interfacial engineering
Authors: Masudy‐Panah Saeid , Dalapati Goutam Kumar , Radhakrishnan K. , Kumar Avishek , Tan Hui Ru , Naveen Kumar Elumalai , Vijila Chellappan , Tan Cheng Cheh , Chi DongZhi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractHeterojunction solar cells of p‐type cupric oxide (CuO) and n‐type silicon (Si), p‐CuO/n‐Si, have been fabricated using conventional sputter and rapid thermal annealing techniques. Photovoltaic properties with an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 380 mV, short circuit current (Jsc) of 1.2 mA/cm2, and a photocurrent of 2.9 mA/cm2 were observed for the solar cell annealed at 300 °C for 1 min. When the annealing duration was increased, the photocurrent increased, but the Voc was found to reduce because of the degradation of interface quality. An improvement in the Voc resulting to a record value of 509 mV and Jsc of 4 mA/cm2 with a high photocurrent of ~12 mA/cm2 was achieved through interface engineering and controlling the phase transformation of CuO film. X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis have been used to investigate the interface properties and crystal quality of sputter‐deposited CuO thin film. The improvement in Voc is mainly due to the enhancement of crystal quality of CuO thin film and interface properties between p‐CuO and n‐Si substrate. The enhancement of photocurrent is found to be due to the reduction of carrier recombination rate as revealed by transient photovoltage spectroscopy analysis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.