bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational Stress in United Kingdom Audiologists
Authors: Phillips Ryan S. , Saunders Gabrielle H. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
Occupational stress is known to have detrimental effects on health care professionals worldwide. This study aimed to address a research gap by investigating sources and levels of occupational stress in U.K. audiologists.

Method:
A mixed-methods cross-sectional design and convenience sampling were utilized. The study used the Audiologist Occupational Stress Questionnaire (AOSQ) and an audiological working practices questionnaire. The study included 100 registered U.K. audiologists.

Results:
The research revealed that over a third of participants reported experiencing moderate or higher levels of occupational stress. Pediatric audiologists and those with a high daily patient load reported significantly higher stress scores than other specialties and those seeing fewer patients per day. Identified sources of stress for U.K. audiologists included clinical demands and time constraints, staffing issues, leadership in the workplace, and equipment availability. Reported impacts of stress encompassed mental health issues, fatigue, social life disruptions, and physical health concerns.

Conclusions:
The research validated the use of the AOSQ in a U.K. setting, and the findings provided insights into the sources and levels of occupational stress experienced by U.K. audiologists, supporting existing research on occupational stress in audiologists in other countries. The identification of consistent stress themes across the literature underscores the need for targeted support and interventions to ensure the well-being of audiologists and empower them in maintaining their pivotal role in health care.
The Effects of Virtual Resilience-Based Clinical Supervision on Burnout in Medical Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Caron Hannah , Heape Amber , Williams Kathryn 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
Resilience-based clinical supervision (RBCS) is a program that reduces occupational stress and burnout symptoms in health care professionals. Research has not yet evaluated the program with medical speech-language pathologists (SLPs) or with an online delivery model. This investigation used virtual RBCS to address burnout in medical SLPs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method:
Six medical SLPs participated in this combination quasi-experimental study with a baseline and intervention phase single-subject and pretest–posttest design. RBCS was held over Zoom twice a week for eight total sessions. Exercises included brief mindfulness meditations, emotional labeling, and reflective discussions on the underlying sources of stress. An adapted four-question version of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) collected repeated measures of burnout twice a week across all study phases. Pre-intervention and post-intervention data were collected with full OLBI assessments to further evaluate intervention effects.

Results:
All participants showed a decrease in burnout at the end of the study. Five of the six medical SLPs experienced statistically significant reductions in burnout. This investigation contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting RBCS for reducing health care burnout, offering a means to increase convenience and accessibility through virtual delivery.
Connecting the Dots: Interoception and Social–Emotional Communication
Authors: Melamed Tina C. , Obuchowski Laura B. , Kirkley Kristin M. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:The purpose of this article is to explore the complex relationships between interoceptive awareness, which is known to underlie emotional awareness and self-regulation and appears to have significant implications for social cognition and social–emotional communication development.Method:We review research from related fields such as autism, psychology, neuroscience, and occupational therapy to define the concepts of interoception, interoceptive awareness (IA), emotional awareness, and self-regulation. We also explore the role of these skills as prerequisites for higher level executive function and possible implications for social and emotional communication development. We then discuss how limited IA may impact individuals with concomitant social communication needs. Finally, we discuss implications for assessment and intervention.Conclusions:Recent research suggests that an individual's IA is associated with emotional awareness, self-regulation, and social cognition. As such, interoception and IA may be of clinical significance for speech-language pathologists supporting individuals with social cognition and communication differences. Identifying individuals who demonstrate concomitant social–emotional communication difficulties and IA difficulties may be an important assessment consideration for developing appropriate social communication interventions.
Literacy-Based Intervention for Children With Speech Sound Disorders: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Cabbage Kathryn L. , Algeo-Nichols Dana 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
Children with speech sound disorder (SSD) are at known risk for literacy deficits. The purpose of this study was to review the available literature for intervention approaches that simultaneously target the development of literacy and speech sound production skills in children with SSD.

Method:
In this review, we examined the available evidence for intervention frameworks that support literacy skill development, specifically within the context of SSD intervention. A total of 13 articles met inclusion criteria, reporting both speech sound production and literacy outcomes for children with SSD receiving speech sound therapy that incorporated literacy skills to support literacy development.

Results:
The most common literacy focus for children receiving SSD intervention centered on the development of phonological awareness skills. Findings revealed that, on average, SSD intervention embedded into phonological awareness intervention improved both speech sound production accuracy and literacy skills in children with SSD. Children who received speech sound therapy only had reduced literacy skills as compared to their peers. Follow-up studies showed that children with SSD who had received phonological intervention exhibited literacy skills on par with their typically developing peers, well after treatment ended.

Conclusions:
Speech-language pathologists have the opportunity to support both literacy skill and speech sound production development in children with SSD. The majority of reviewed research included preschool-aged and early elementary–aged children. Future research is needed to investigate how to support literacy development in older children with SSD.
Standardisation concept for rapid testing of effects of cutting on losses of electric steel and amorphous ribbon
Authors: Pfützner Helmut , Shilyashki Georgi , Christodoulou Neofitos 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSoft magnetic lamination is produced with high width that usually is reduced by cutting. It yields permeability decreases Ɵ and loss increases r. So far, existing corresponding data is not consistent, since derived from strongly different lamination widths W. A consistent, ultra‐rapid test method is suggested, for international standardisation. It is based on a multi‐frequency single sheet tester. A 50 cm long, precisely prepared material sample of W = 17 cm is inserted into it, for an initial measurement in non‐cut state. Then, it is cut into two 8.5 cm wide strips, for a test in cut state. Changes Ɵ and r are evaluated for induction values B up to 1.8 T. They are rapidly measured for frequencies of 50, 400 and 1000 Hz. Results from steel are described for guillotine cutting, from amorphous ribbon also for scissors. As a general tendency, Ɵ exceeds r by an order of about 3, however, with low reproducibility. Thus, standardisation is suggested for loss‐rise functions r(B) only. Examples of r‐functions reveal strong individual differences, as foot‐prints of different products. With increasing f, r‐values tend to sink. With increasing B, they rise, except for high B of NO steel. Amorphous ribbon shows non‐clarified deviating tendencies. Standardisation of r‐tests promises comparable information on cutting effects, for a given material, through a given cutting tool—but also on the tool's state of wear.
The relationship between power of arc discharge in transformer oil and peak value of the shock wave
Authors: Zhang Guangjin , Han Tianyu , Wen Tao , Zhao Yi , Chen Weijiang , Zhang Qiaogen , Li Jinzhong , Wang Ke 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSince 2018, there have been seven incidents of explosions and fires in ultra‐high voltage transformers in China, which are caused by internal arc discharge in transformer oil. Various pressure measurement experiments have been conducted to explore the laws of discharge pressure. However, differences in experimental conditions, discharge energy, and current peak values have led to discrepancies in the discharge power and pressure laws in these experiments. Thus, it is crucial to investigate the relationship between arc discharge power and pressure peak in transformer oil. An arc discharge test platform was established to measure pressure waveforms based on the RLC circuit. Additionally, a shadow optical path observation system was implemented to record the development process of discharge arc, bubble pulsation, and shock waves. The study reveals the positive relationship between the average power and the peak value of the shock wave; the former refers to the breakdown and expansion stage of the arc channel, and the latter is generated by the discharge, respectively. Overall, the pressure generation mechanism of arc discharge in transformer oil and the relationship between arc discharge power and peak value of discharge pressure are revealed.
Improving mid-infrared thermal background subtraction with principal component analysis
Authors: Rousseau H. , Ertel S. , Defrère D. , Faramaz V. , Wagner K. 
Published: July 2024

Context. Ground-based large-aperture telescopes, interferometers, and future extremely large telescopes equipped with adaptive optics (AO) systems provide angular resolution and high-contrast performance superior to space-based telescopes at thermal infrared wavelengths. Their sensitivity, however, is critically limited by the high thermal background inherent to ground-based observations in this wavelength regime.
Aims. We aim to improve the subtraction quality of the thermal infrared background from ground-based observations using principal component analysis (PCA).
Methods. We used data obtained with the Nulling-Optimized Mid-Infrared Camera on the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer as a proxy for general high-sensitivity AO-assisted ground-based data. We applied both a classical background subtraction – using the mean of dedicated background observations – and a new background subtraction based on a PCA of the background observations. We compared the performances of these two methods in both high-contrast imaging and aperture photometry.
Results. Compared to the classical approach for background subtraction, PCA background subtraction delivers up to two times better contrasts down to the diffraction limit of the LBT’s primary aperture (i.e., 350 mas in N-band), that is, in the case of high-contrast imaging. An improvement factor between two and three was obtained over the mean background retrieval within the diffraction limit in the case of aperture photometry.
Conclusions. The PCA background subtraction significantly improves the sensitivity of ground-based thermal infrared imaging observations. When apply to LBTI’s nulling interferometry data, we expect the method to improve the sensitivity by a similar factor of two to three. This study paves the way to maximizing the potential of future infrared ground-based instruments and facilities, such as the future 30m-class telescopes.
General-relativistic instability in rapidly accreting supermassive stars in the presence of dark matter
Authors: Haemmerlé L. 
Published: July 2024

Context. The collapse of supermassive stars (SMSs) via the general-relativistic (GR) instability would provide a natural explanation for the existence of the most extreme quasars. The presence of dark matter in SMSs is thought to potentially impact their properties, in particular their mass at collapse. Dark matter might be made of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) that can be captured by the gravitational potential well of SMSs due to the interaction with the baryonic gas, favouring high dark matter densities in the star’s core. The annihilation of WIMPs can provide fuel to support the star before H-burning ignition, favouring low densities of baryonic gas, long stellar lifetimes, and high final masses.
Aims. Here we estimate the impact of dark matter on the GR dynamical stability of rapidly accreting SMSs.
Methods.We added a dark matter term to the relativistic equation of adiabatic pulsations and applied it to hylotropic structures in order to determine the onset point of the GR instability. We considered both a homogeneous dark matter background and density profiles of the form ∝exp(−r2/rχ2), typical for the case of WIMPs capture. The free choice of the central temperature in hylotropic models allowed us to consider SMSs fuelled by H-burning and by WIMP annihilation.
Results. We find that, in principle, the dark matter gravitational field can completely remove the GR instability. However, for SMSs fuelled by H-burning the dark matter densities required to stabilise the star against GR are orders of magnitude above the values that are expected for the dark matter background. In the case of WIMPs capture, where the required densities can be reached in the centre of the star, the high centralisation of the dark matter component prevents any effect on the GR instability. On the other hand, for SMSs fuelled by WIMP annihilation, we find that the low densities of baryonic gas inhibit the destabilising GR corrections, which shifts the stability limit by typically an order of magnitude towards higher masses. As long as central temperatures ≲107 K are maintained by WIMP annihilation, the GR instability is reached only for stellar masses > 106 M⊙.
Conclusions. Dark matter can impact the GR dynamical stability of SMSs only in the case of energetically significant WIMP annihilation. The detection of a SMS with mass > 106 M⊙ in an atomically cooled halo can be interpreted as evidence of WIMP annihilation in the star’s core.
The Impact of Upper Abdominal Surgery Regarding the Outcome of Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Pietschmann Maximilian , Jaeger Anna , Reuter Susanne , Schmalfeldt Barbara 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResidual tumor after cytoreductive surgery is the most important prognostic parameter for the outcome of patients with advanced ovarian cancer (5-year survival rate FIGO III 39%, FIGO IV 20%). As more than half of the patients suffer from upper abdominal tumor burden, surgery in this area is inevitable in order to achieve adequate cytoreduction. Our analysis focuses on the impact of upper abdominal interventions (UAI) regarding residual tumor and prognosis (OS, PFS).A total of n = 261 patients with advanced primary ovarian cancer stage FIGO III and IV and radical cytoreductive surgery at the Gynecologic Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf between 2014 and 2019 were analyzed in a retrospective study design and divided into two groups: one with UAI (n = 160) and one without UAI (n = 101).Patients with UAI showed significantly more often a residual tumor of less than 1 cm (R1) than patients without UAI and had a significantly longer OS (59 vs. 45 months [p = 0.041]). Deperitonealization of the diaphragm was the most common (144/160) and prognostically most relevant procedure for UAI. Especially the subgroup with FIGO IIIC stage seemed to benefit most from UAI. However, in multivariate analysis residual tumor burden was the strongest prognostic parameter for survival, followed by FIGO stage and UAI. Mortality was low within in the UAI group (0.6%).UAI is an essential part of cytoreductive surgery in advanced ovarian cancer patients with tumor spread into the upper abdomen as it significantly prolongs survival. The procedure appears to be safe with low mortality. Achieving R1 rather than R2 due to radical surgery combined with UAI should be preferred compared to the early termination of the operation, as this has a significant impact on the prognosis of the patients.
Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Azlactones: An Efficient Access to Unsaturated Trifluoromethylated α-Amino Acid Derivatives Possessing α-Quaternary Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Zhou Yuhan , Zhang Shuaibo , Sun Luyang , Li Dong , Zhao Jinfeng , Qu Jingping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA new strategy for the asymmetric allylic alkylation of azlactones with α-(trifluoromethyl)allyl acetates catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2/(R)-BINAP is designed and developed, providing access to unsaturated α-quaternary α-amino acid derivatives bearing a trifluoromethyl group and contiguous quaternary and tertiary stereogenic centers. The products are obtained in good yields with exclusive regioselectivity and excellent stereoselective control under relatively mild reaction conditions. A scale-up experiment shows no loss of reactivity or stereoselectivity. The synthetic utility of the current strategy is demonstrated through transformations of a representative product to afford several potentially bioactive species.
Reviewing the Diagnostic Performance of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 Imaging in Distinguishing Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease from Parkinson-Plus Syndromes
Authors: Singhal Tejasvini , Narayan Manishi L. , Manchanda Rajat , Singh Parneet , Dhar Minakshi , Tiwari Ashutosh , Kumar Niraj 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aim Diagnosing movement disorders can be challenging owing to their similar clinical presentations with other neurodegenerative and basal ganglia disorders, like idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD), essential tremors (ET), vascular parkinsonism, multiple system atrophy (MSA), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Technetium-99m labeled tropane derivative (99mTc-TRODAT-1) imaging can help in diagnosing Parkinson's disease at an early stage to help early initiation of the treatment. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 imaging in differentiating IPD and Parkinson-plus syndromes (PPS).
Material and Methods We have analyzed 38 patients, referred to our department for 99mTc-TRODAT imaging. These patients were thoroughly evaluated in the movement disorder clinic at our institute and had a possible/ probable diagnosis of IPD, Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage I/II (n = 28) or PPS (PSP [n = 06] and MSA [n = 04]). Striatal uptake ratio (SUR) was calculated in all the patients and data was statistically analyzed.
Results The mean age of IPD, PSP, and MSA groups was 56.5 ± 12.15, 65.2 ± 11.1, and 51.2 ± 3.9 years, respectively. On qualitative evaluation, all patients had reduced striatal uptake on 99mTc-TRODAT imaging, with 31/38 patients showed a greater reduction in putaminal uptake compared with the caudate nucleus. On semiquantitative evaluation, mean total SUR was 0.58 ± 0.27, 0.53 ± 0.31, and 0.91 ± 0.20 in IPD, PSP, and MSA groups, respectively. The total SUR was lowest in the PSP group followed by IPD, but MSA had relatively higher SUR, although the difference was not statistically significant. Among the IPD patient group, 25/28 patients (89.3%) experienced a greater reduction in SUR values in the striatum contralateral to the side, where motor symptoms first manifested at disease onset.
Conclusion 99mTc-TRODAT is a potential imaging biomarker for the evaluation of presynaptic dopaminergic dysfunction in patients with movement disorders. In our study cohort, mean SUR values were lowest for the PSP group followed by IPD and MSA group, which was in concordance with previous studies. However, the difference between SUR values in these two groups was not statistically significant. The present study emphasizes that the capacity of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 imaging alone for diagnosing IPD from PPS is constrained, although it offers a precise approach for distinguishing patients with IPD from those with essential tremors, drug-induced, or psychogenic parkinsonism. Consequently, more specific imaging biomarkers are needed to effectively differentiate between patients with IPD and those with PPS.
Microdeletion 3q13.33-3q21.2: A Rare Cause of Neurodevelopmental Disorder
Authors: Huang Yi Juan , Jia Rong Pu , Chen Yuan Qiu , Zhou Liang Ji , Gou Chen Yu , Fan Mei Qiong , Li Si , Chen Maofa , Lin Hua Ming , Gao Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChromosomal sub-microscopic imbalances, such as microdeletions and microduplications, are associated with multiple genetic disorders. Here, we illustrate microdeletion 3q13.33q21.2 might be responsible for neurodevelopmental disorder in two patients.There are two patients with neurodevelopmental disorder in a family of seven. We used chromosomal microarray analysis to identify the microdeletion 3q13.33q21.2. Next-generation sequencing was utilized to exclude the presence of allelic mutations within the microdeletion region 3q13.33q21.2, which may have a potential role in the development of disease in patients affected with secondary genetic alterations.Patient 4 was diagnosed with dilated left third ventricle, neurodevelopmental disorder, and mild abnormalities in electroencephalogram through a series of clinical examinations. Patient 6 was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, short stature, intellectual disability, and concurrent epilepsy. By investigating the 3q13.33q21.2 band of the University of California, Santa Cruz database, we screened out the genes related to developmental delay and intellectual disability, including ADCY5 SEMA5B andKPNA1, which were highly suspected to be related to intelligence. This region also involves CASR, a gene that has been reported to be associated with epilepsy.The ADCY5 and SEMA5B genes may be key genes to cause neurodevelopmental disorder. Abnormal expression of the CASR gene may lead to the occurrence of epilepsy.
Dysregulated Apoptosis and Autophagy in Childhood Epilepsy: Correlation to Clinical and Pharmacological Patterns
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed El-Abd , Hassan Mohammed H. , Abdelfatah Asmaa A. , Bakri Ali Helmi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives We aimed to assess the serum levels of caspase-3 as a marker of apoptosis and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (MAP1-LC3) as an autophagy marker in epileptic children with various clinical and pharmacological types.
Methods This case–control study was carried out on 90 participants (50 pediatric patients with epilepsy and 40 healthy matched children), the patients were categorized into three groups: Group (A): 25 pharmacosensitive epilepsy, Group (B): 25 pharmacoresistant epilepsy, and Group (C): 40 (age, sex, and body mass index) matched healthy children selected as controls. Serum caspase-3 and MAP1-LC3 were measured in all study groups, using commercially available ELISA kits.
Results Serum caspase-3 was significantly higher among epileptic children, especially in the pharmacoresistant group, cases managed with multiple antiepileptic drugs, and cases with abnormal EEG findings. Conversely, circulating MAP1-LC3 levels showed a significant reduction in epilepsy cases, particularly in pharmacoresistant cases, in cases treated with multiple antiepileptic drugs, and in cases with abnormal EEG data. A significant negative correlation between serum caspase-3 and MAP1-LC3 was found among epileptic children (r =  −0.369, p = 0.0083). Serum caspase-3 was a more valid biomarker in helping diagnose childhood epilepsy, while serum MAP1-LC3 was more valid in predicting pharmacoresistant type.
Conclusion The study reveals that serum caspase-3 levels were significantly elevated, particularly in pharmacoresistant cases and those managed with multiple drugs. Conversely, MAP1-LC3 levels were significantly reduced in epilepsy cases, suggesting potential involvement of altered apoptosis and autophagy in childhood epilepsy.