bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discharge against medical advice: How often do we intervene?
Authors: Edwards Jason , Markert Ronald , Bricker Dean 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDDischarges against medical advice (AMA) occur in 1% to 2% of hospital stays and are associated with increased morbidity, readmission rates, and 30‐day mortality. Risk factors associated with AMA have been investigated, but interventions at the time of discharge have not been carefully examined.METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed the records of adult patients discharged AMA over a 2‐year period from the general medical service of a university‐affiliated tertiary care hospital. We assessed for presence of documentation addressing informed consent, patient decision‐making capacity, health literacy, follow‐up plans, whether medications were prescribed, and whether any warning indicators of impending AMA were apparent.RESULTSTwo hundred ninety‐one records were reviewed. AMA notes were present in 276 (94.8%) charts. Notes were authored by physicians in 163 (59.1%) and nurses in 110 (37.8%) encounters. Informed consent was present in 88 (30.2%) charts, mentioned in the note but not present in the chart in 111 (38.1%), and not signed in 92 (31.6%) charts. Decision‐making capacity and health literacy were documented in 108 (37.1%) and 75 (25.8%) records, respectively. Warning of impending AMA was present in 217 (74.6%) charts. Medications prescribed and follow‐up plans were documented in 71 (24.4%) and 91 (31.3%) charts, respectively.CONCLUSIONSAdvance warning of impending AMA is often present, yet only a minority of cases have prescription of medications or development of follow‐up plans. Medical documentation of AMA dispositions is frequently inadequate, suggesting missed opportunities to intervene as well as suboptimal medicolegal scenarios. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:574–577. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
An evidence‐based toolkit for the development of effective and sustainable root cause analysis system safety solutions
Authors: Hettinger A. Zachary , Fairbanks Rollin J. , Hegde Sudeep , Rackoff Alexandra S. , Wreathall John , Lewis Vicki L. , Bisantz Ann M. , Wears Robert L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRoot cause analysis (RCA) after adverse events in healthcare is a standard practice at many institutions. However, healthcare has failed to see a dramatic improvement in patient safety over the last decade. In order to improve the RCA process, this study used systems safety science, which is based partly on human factors engineering principles and has been applied with success in other high‐risk industries like aviation. A multi‐institutional dataset of 334 RCA cases and 782 solutions was analyzed using qualitative methods. A team of safety science experts developed a model of 13 RCA solutions categories through an iterative process, using semi‐structured interview data from 44 frontline staff members from 7 different hospital‐based unit types. These categories were placed in a model and toolkit to help guide RCA teams in developing sustainable and effective solutions to prevent future adverse events. This study was limited by its retrospective review of cases and use of interviews rather than clinical observations. In conclusion, systems safety principles were used to develop guidelines for RCA teams to promote systems‐level sustainable and effective solutions for adverse events.
Reversing the Telescope: Evaluating NGO Peer Regulation Initiatives
Authors: Crack Angela M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article investigates perceptions of the extent to which non‐governmental organization (NGO) peer regulation initiatives have been effective in enhancing accountability in the humanitarian sector. It is based upon semi‐structured interviews with individuals with responsibility for accountability policy from leading NGOs and focuses on two of the best‐known initiatives: Humanitarian Accountability Partnership and Sphere. It finds that the initiatives have prompted positive changes in practice, but there are significant concerns about their deleterious impacts. Participants describe a host of challenges, including the tendency of peer regulation to become excessively bureaucratic and labour intensive. They cast some doubt on the potential of the initiatives to assist NGOs to be more accountable to affected communities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy to identify potential PSE meat
Authors: Li Xiao , Feng Fang , Gao Runze , Wang Lu , Qian Ye , Li Chunbao , Zhou Guanghong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDPale, soft and exudative (PSE) meat is a quality problem that causes a large economic loss to the pork industry. In the present work, near infrared (NIR) quantification and identification methods were used to investigate the feasibility of differentiating potential PSE meat from normal meat.RESULTSNIR quantification models were developed to estimate meat pH and colour attributes (L*, a*, b*). Promising results were reported for prediction of muscle pH (R2CV = 70.10%, RPDCV = 1.83) and L* (R2CV = 77.18%, RPDCV = 1.91), but it is still hard to promote to practical application at this level. The Factorisation Method applied to NIR spectra could differentiate potential PSE meat from normal meat at 3 h post‐mortem. Correlation analysis showed significant relationship between NIR data and LF‐NMR T2 components that were indicative of water distribution and mobility in muscle. PSE meat had unconventionally faster energy metabolism than normal meat, which caused greater water mobility.CONCLUSIONNIR spectra coupled with the Factorisation Method could be a promising technology to identify potential PSE meat. The difference in the intensity of H2O absorbance peaks between PSE and normal meat might be the basis of this identification method. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Prognostic analysis in a Chinese population with T1‐2N1 breast cancer: Did patients with 1 or 2, and 3 positive axillary lymph nodes have similar survival outcomes?
Authors: Shen Honghong , Yuan Jinyang , Yang Yang , Liu Xiaozhen , Wang Li , Feng Xiaolong , Zhao Lin , Niu Yun 
Published: October 2015

Background and ObjectivesThere is a paucity of data examining whether 1–3 positive lymph nodes patients have similar survival outcomes. The present studies separately analyse survival outcomes of T1‐2N1 breast cancer patients according to the number of positive lymph nodes.MethodsA total of 1,030 patients with T1‐2N1 breast cancer were available for analysis. Survival estimates were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression modelsResultsKaplan–Meier analysis showed progressively worse survival with the increased number of positive lymph nodes. Log‐rank test P values were 0.003 (1 vs. 2 positive LNs), <0.0001 (1 vs. 3), and 0.006 (2 vs. 3) for recurrence‐free survival (RFS). Log–rank test P values were 0.045 (1 vs. 2), <0.0001 (1 vs. 3), and 0.018 (2 vs. 3) for metastasis‐free survival (MFS). Log‐rank test P values were 0.101 (1 vs. 2), <0.0001 (1 vs. 3), and 0.005 (2 vs. 3) for overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis showed that 3 and 2 positive lymph nodes had worse survival compared with 1 positive axillary lymph nodes.ConclusionsOur study does suggest that T1‐2N1 patients showed progressively worse survival outcomes with the increased number of positive lymph nodes. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:569–574. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Passive sampling method for high‐resolution concentration and isotopic composition of dissolved methane in Arctic lakes
Authors: Goldman Amy E. , Cadieux Sarah B. , White Jeffrey R. , Pratt Lisa M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLakes are important sources of methane (CH4), accounting for 6–16% of natural global CH4 emissions annually. Vertical spatial resolution of CH4 sampling in the water column of lakes is limited because of physical dimensions of sampling devices and sampling‐induced mixing. To improve pool‐size estimates of carbon, diffusive flux calculations for CH4, and detailed mechanistic understanding of CH4 dynamics in lakes, more precise vertical profiles of dissolved gases through the water column are vital. We investigate the use of commercially available passive diffusion bags (PDBs) to obtain highly resolved (0.5‐m increments) vertical profiles of dissolved CH4 concentrations and isotopic composition (δ13
). Laboratory experiments determined PDB equilibration time was between 5 d and 9 d for both CH4 concentration and δ13
. During July 2013, PDBs were deployed at intervals of 0.5‐m depth for 5 d in two lakes located < 5 km from the southwestern margin of the Greenland ice cap. Data from PDB samples were compared with samples collected using a submersible, electric pump. In both lakes, PDB and pump samples yielded vertical profiles for CH4 concentration and δ13
that were in close agreement (CH4 concentration R2 = 0.998, p < 0.001; δ13
R2 = 0.970, p < 0.001). Overall agreement between PDB and pump samples verifies the applicability of the PDB approach to dissolved CH4 sampling. High‐vertical resolution sampling of dissolved gas concentrations and isotopic composition using PDBs can provide more accurate estimates of pool sizes and diffusive fluxes that advance understanding of production, consumption, and emission processes controlling trace gas dynamics in lacustrine environments under warming climate.
Durability properties of concrete with blended cements
Authors: Bjegovic D. , Stirmer N. , Serdar M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe study of chloride‐induced corrosion started more than three decades ago, after extensive cases of damage were observed on reinforced concrete structures in coastal regions and on infrastructural objects exposed to salt action. Nowadays, the basis for sustainable concrete industry lies in these three aspects: reducing CO2 emissions by using by‐products of other industries (slag, fly ash, silica fume) for cement production, conservation of natural resources by replacing part of the aggregate with recycled construction waste, as well as use of recycled water in concrete production, and finally, construction of durable concrete structures. Durability design procedures for reinforced concrete structures in aggressive environments are still to a large extent empirical, especially in the case of using blended cements. The type of cement has a considerable effect on the properties of concrete, especially concrete resistance to the penetration of chloride ions. The paper presents results of testing durability and deformational properties of concrete produced with quaternary‐blended cement. A clearer insight into these properties is a necessary starting point for the performance‐based design of concrete prepared with blended cements, leading to more durable and corrosion‐free concrete structures in aggressive environments.
Specification and site control of the permeability of the cover concrete: The Swiss approach
Authors: Torrent R. , Denarié E. , Jacobs F. , Leemann A. , Teruzzi T. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIt is recognized that most damage to reinforced concrete structures is caused by insufficient durability rather than by low strength. In most cases, the quality and thickness of the cover concrete (“covercrete”) determine the service life of the structure. Since the quality of the covercrete is influenced, not only by the mix composition, but also by the placing and curing conditions, it is appropriate to measure the achieved properties on the structure rather than just on separately cast specimens. Swiss Standard SIA 262 on “Concrete Construction” recommends checking the “impermeability” of the cover concrete on site. With that aim, a non‐destructive method to measure the air‐permeability on site has been standardized (SIA 262/1 Annex E). A team of Swiss experts was appointed by the Swiss Federal Highway Administration (ASTRA) to prepare recommendations for specifying, measuring, and assessing the conformity of the air‐permeability kT. This paper describes these recommendations covering: (a) specification of limiting values of kT as function of the exposure class; (b) sampling of the measurement points; (c) testing (including suitable temperature and moisture conditions); (d) evaluation of conformity with specified values; (e) expected impact on service life.
Micro structural analysis – An essential tool for diagnosis of concrete deterioration and choice of repair strategy
Authors: Hansen T. S. , Frederiksen J. M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe paper is a review of a 25 years long record with analyses of thin sections and fluorescein impregnated sections (slabs) as tools to characterize initial concrete quality and causes of deterioration of concrete of various qualities and suffering from various deleterious actions – primarily in Denmark. The paper demonstrates the world of opportunities and the advantages of the applied techniques by various examples from practice, covering early frost action, freeze–thaw attack, alkali‐silica reactions, acidic attack, exposure to fire, quality control of repairs, and defects in the construction phase, etc. Also the limitations of the methods are discussed.
Degradation of reinforced concrete: Some lessons from research and practice
Authors: Page C. L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper is based on an invited contribution to the International RILEM Workshop on ‘Present and Future Durability Challenges of Reinforced Concrete Structures’ held in Zürich on 17–18 April 2012. It records the author's experience of lessons learnt over the past 40 years from research and practical investigations that have been made into various problems associated with the degradation of reinforced and pre‐stressed concrete structures. It highlights some of the main difficulties that are associated with accelerated testing and modelling of very long‐term degradation phenomena such as those involved in corrosion of steel in concrete, alkali–silica reaction and the thaumasite form of sulphate attack.
Impedance spectroscopy studies of electroless Ni–P matrix, Ni–W–P, Ni–P–ZrO2, and Ni–W–P–ZrO2 coatings exposed to 3.5% NaCl solution
Authors: Stankiewicz A. , Masalski J. , Szczygieł B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNi–P matrix, ternary Ni–W–P and Ni–P–ZrO2 coatings, and quaternary Ni–W–P–ZrO2 coatings were deposited using electroless method from a glycine bath. Their corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for various immersion times in a 3.5% NaCl solution. From among the investigated coatings, the ternary Ni–W–P coatings show the highest resistance to corrosion in the first hour of exposure to the 3.5% NaCl medium. An addition of ZrO2 adversely affects the performance of both the Ni–P coatings and the Ni–W–P coatings. For all the coatings, including the ones containing tungsten, a marked decrease in pore resistance (Rpor) over time is observed. This means that their corrosion resistance and capacity to protect the substrate decline. On the other hand, after 24 h immersion in the 3.5% NaCl solution the Ni–W–P coating shows the highest low‐frequency impedance modulus (|Z|f = 0.01 Hz). As regards corrosion resistance, the Ni–P coatings and the Ni–W–P coatings perform best.
Determinants of Community‐Based Sponsorship Impact on Self‐Congruity
Authors: Quester Pascale , Plewa Carolin , Palmer Karen , Mazodier Marc 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTSponsors increasingly shift from large professional to community‐based properties, as these can deliver an engaged audience and enable them to demonstrate their corporate social responsibility (CSR). This research comprises two studies and shows that community‐based sponsorship may improve CSR image and, in turn, self‐congruity, a key determinant of consumer behavior. Study 1 investigates perceived sponsor–club fit, confirming attitude and corporate positioning similarity as relevant predictors. Importantly, CSR image similarity does not impact fit, suggesting sponsorship opportunities for organizations independent of their initial CSR image. Study 2 shows perceived sponsor CSR image to mediate the relationship between the perceptions of a community‐based property's CSR image and consumers' self‐congruity with the sponsor. While perceived sponsor–club fit and sponsorship awareness moderate the relationship between property and sponsor CSR image, attitudes toward CSR moderate the association between sponsor CSR and self‐congruity. The paper concludes with implications and future research directions.
The LapG protein plays a role in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation by controlling the presence of the CdrA adhesin on the cell surface
Authors: Rybtke Morten , Berthelsen Jens , Yang Liang , Høiby Niels , Givskov Michael , Tolker‐Nielsen Tim 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is a clinically relevant species involved in biofilm‐based chronic infections. We provide evidence that the P. aeruginosa LapG protein functions as a periplasmic protease that can cleave the protein adhesin CdrA off the cell surface, and thereby plays a role in biofilm formation and biofilm dispersal. The P. aeruginosa LapG protein is shown to be a functional homolog of the Pseudomonas putida LapG protein which has previously been shown to function as a periplasmic protease that targets the surface adhesin LapA. Transposon mutagenesis and characterization of defined knockout mutants provided evidence that the CdrA adhesin is a target of LapG in P. aeruginosa. A wspF lapG double mutant was hyper‐aggregating and hyper biofilm forming, whereas a wspF lapG cdrA triple mutant lost these phenotypes. In addition, western blot detection of CdrA in culture supernatants and whole‐cell protein fractions showed that CdrA was retained in the whole‐cell protein fraction when LapG was absent, whereas it was found in the culture supernatant when LapG was present. The finding that CdrA is a target of LapG in P. aeruginosa is surprising because CdrA has no homology to LapA.
Lidar observations of flow variability over complex terrain
Authors: Barkwith A. , Collier C. G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper examines one way in which remote sensing instrumentation can be used to advance our understanding of the interactions between complex terrain and the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). When mean flow speed is of moderate strength and the ABL is stable, mechanical effects will dominate thermal effects in modifying flow speed and direction. Boundary layer measurements were made using the scanning Salford 10 µm pulsed CO2 Doppler lidar during the 2005 Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP), above the heterogeneous orography that surrounds Faccombe, Hampshire, UK. A new method of detecting boundary layer flow perturbations was developed and successfully applied to the lidar data, giving a clearer insight into flow modification that occurs above complex terrain. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Combining satellite data and models to estimate cloud radiative effect at the surface and in the atmosphere
Authors: Allan Richard P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSatellite measurements and numerical forecast model reanalysis data are used to compute an updated estimate of the cloud radiative effect on the global multi‐annual mean radiative energy budget of the atmosphere and surface. The cloud radiative cooling effect through reflection of short wave radiation dominates over the long wave heating effect, resulting in a net cooling of the climate system of − 21 Wm−2. The short wave radiative effect of cloud is primarily manifest as a reduction in the solar radiation absorbed at the surface of − 53 Wm−2. Clouds impact long wave radiation by heating the moist tropical atmosphere (up to around 40 Wm−2 for global annual means) while enhancing the radiative cooling of the atmosphere over other regions, in particular higher latitudes and sub‐tropical marine stratocumulus regimes. While clouds act to cool the climate system during the daytime, the cloud greenhouse effect heats the climate system at night. The influence of cloud radiative effect on determining cloud feedbacks and changes in the water cycle are discussed. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Compact band notched ultra‐wideband antenna using the Hilbert‐curve slot
Authors: Kim Dang Oh , Kim Che Young , Park Jeung Keun , Jo Nam I. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA compact band notched ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna with the Hilbert‐curve slot (HCS) is proposed. By introducing the HCS on the UWB antenna, a compact size and the frequency notch function can be simultaneously obtained. On imprinting the HCS on the UWB antenna, the notched 5 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) band was realized. As for the HCS implementation, we make use of the third iteration order Hilbert‐curve. Numerical simulations and measurements for the proposed antenna demonstrate that the presented methodology is accurate and efficient to design the compact band notched UWB antenna. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2642–2648, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26348
Compact dual‐mode bandpass filter using defected step‐impedance shunt stub
Authors: Liu Haiwen , Zhang Zhichong , Shen Li , Wan Jing , Shi Liyun , Guan Xuehui 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA miniaturized bandpass filter (BPF) using dual‐mode defected ground waveguide (DGW) resonator is developed in this letter.The technique with defected step‐impedance shunt stub is applied to enhance the self‐inductance and self‐capacitance of the DGW loop resonator which leads to size reduction. Compared to the conventional design, the central frequency is reduced by 48%. A good agreement between simulation and measurement verifies the validity of this design methodology. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2673–2676, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop26362
A Novel Transposed Uniform Cross‐Correlation Modified Prime Code for Enhancement of Capacity and Spectral Efficiency of Networks
Authors: Zoualfaghari M. H. , Ghafouri‐Shiraz H. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTA novel codes set is proposed based on the Uniform Cross‐Correlation Modified Prime Code (UCMPC), hereby referred to as Transposed UCMPC (T‐UCMPC). This code set offers higher capacity, better spectral efficiency, lower bit error rate and higher security as compared with the other existing prime codes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2952–2955, 2013
Generating a Reconfigurable Notch Band for Planar UWB Monopole Antennas
Authors: Sun Xiaolei L. , Cheung S.W. , Yuk T.I. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTA technique to generate a reconfigurable notch band for planar ultrawideband (UWB) monopole antennas with microstrip‐fed is proposed and studied. The antenna uses an elliptical radiator with a tapered microstrip feed line to achieve a wide bandwidth from 3.1 to over 10.6 GHz. A resonator implemented using meander‐defected‐ground structure (meander‐DGS) is etched on the ground plane to generate a notch band to suppress unwanted interference in the frequency band of 5.15–5.825 GHz from the unwanted IEEE 802.11a/n wireless‐local‐area‐network (WLAN) systems. To achieve tunability for the notch band, a varactor is loaded on the DGS to control the resonance frequency. The tuning performance, in terms of reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, efficiency and gain, of the antenna is studied using simulation and measurement. Results show that the notch band can be tuned continuously from 5.2 to 6.32 GHz for the WLAN bands. The feeding cable used in measurement causes substantial discrepancies between the simulated and measured results. To study the cable effects, a simulation model for the feeding cable is included to simulation. With the use of the cable model, the simulated and measured results agree very well. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2906–2910, 2013