bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of small scale notches on the very high cycle fatigue of AISI 310 stainless steel
Authors: Khan M. K. , Liu Y. J. , Wang Q. Y. , Pyoun Y. S. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTFatigue behaviour of AISI 310 stainless steel has been investigated up to very high cycles. The fatigue crack initiation sites were found at the surface of the material. Persistent slip bands developed at the surface of the specimens led to the crack initiation. At lower stress levels, shallow persistent slip bands were found at the surface of the specimens, and the fatigue limit was obtained.Notched specimens showed lower fatigue lives. Notched specimens with higher stress concentration factor (Kt) showed higher fatigue strength reduction factor (Kf). It was found that shallow notches of depth ~100 µm may reduce the fatigue life substantially.
Effects of hemodialysis on ventricular activation time in children with end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Laszki‐Szcząchor Krystyna , Polak‐Jonkisz Dorota , Zwolińska Danuta , Makulska Irena , Rehan Leopold , Sobieszczańska Małgorzata 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPatients with end‐stage renal disease are affected by cardiovascular complications, including disturbances of the heart intraventricular conduction. Body surface potential mapping is a non‐invasive electrocardiographic detection method of initial disturbances in heart activation propagation. A goal of the study was to analyze the effects of single hemodialysis (HD) session on ventricular activation time (VAT) maps obtained from hemodialyzed children. The study group consisted of 13 hemodialyzed children (age: 6–18 years). The control group is composed of 26 healthy subjects. In each HD patient, 12‐lead electrocardiogram and echocardiography examinations were performed. Isochrone heart maps, reflecting body surface distribution of VAT isolines, were recorded from an 87‐electrode HPM‐7100 system for body surface potential mapping, before (group B) and after HD session (group A). The distribution of isochrones and VAT values, as recorded in the HD patients, differed significantly from the reference VAT map for controls. The highest VAT maximal value was noted in group B (Me: 110 vs. 62 ms in the control group; P < 0.001), becoming significantly lower after HD session (Me: 98 ms for group A vs. 110 ms for group B; P < 0.001). Ventricular activation time maps, recorded before HD session, showed significant VAT delays with isochrone arrangement specific for the left bundle branch block. After HD session, VAT maps presented significant changes, suggesting a normalization process. Ventricular activation time maps in children with end‐stage renal disease exhibited disturbances of intraventricular conduction within the left bundle branch block, undetectable on standard electrocardiogram. A single HD session resulted in VAT map improvement related to overall HD treatment duration.
Iatrogenic or congenital arteriovenous fistula of left upper arm used for hemodialysis after venous superficialization
Authors: Kusztal Mariusz , Letachowicz Krzysztof , Gołębiowski Tomasz , Wątorek Ewa , Szyber Przemysław , Garcarek Jerzy , Weyde Wacław , Klinger Marian 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe authors report a case of iatrogenic brachial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) on the left arm in a 20‐year‐old man with a history of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney and failing kidney transplant. An attempt to create vascular access for hemodialysis by utilization of an existing iatrogenic brachial AVF was undertaken. The patient underwent surgical superficialization of a concomitant enlarged and deeply located vein. Four weeks after the procedure, the AVF was successfully cannulated for hemodialysis. In this case, iatrogenic/congenital AVF was successfully converted to vascular access for hemodialysis.
Histological and profilometric evaluation of the root surface after instrumentation with a new piezoelectric device – ex vivo study
Authors: Silva D , Martins O , Matos S , Lopes P , Rolo T , Baptista I 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectivesAn ex vivo model was designed to profilometrically and histologically assess root changes resulting from scaling with a new ultrasonic device, designed for bone piezoelectric surgery, in comparison with curettes.MethodsThree groups of 10 periodontal hopeless teeth were each subjected to different root instrumentation: Gracey curettes (CUR); ultrasonic piezoelectric device, Perio 100% setting, level 8 (P100); and ultrasonic piezoelectric device Surg 50% setting, level 1 (S50). After extraction, all teeth were photographed to visually assess the presence of dental calculus. The treated root surfaces were profilometrically evaluated (Ra, Rz, Rmax). Undecalcified histological sections were prepared to assess qualitative changes in cementum thickness. Statistical analysis was carried out using one‐way anova test with a significance level of 95%.ResultsBoth instruments proved to be effective in the complete removal of calculus. The CUR group presented the lowest Ra [2.28 μm (±0.58)] and S50 the highest [3.01 μm (±0.61)]. No statistically significant differences were detected among the three groups, for Ra, Rz and Rmax. Histologically, there was a cementum thickness reduction in all groups, being higher and more irregular in S50 group.ConclusionsWithin the limits of this study, there were no statistically significant differences in roughness parameters analyzed between curettes and the ultrasonic piezoelectric unit. This new instrument removes a smaller amount of cementum, mainly at the Perio 100% power setting, which appears to be the least damaging. The ultrasonic device is effective in calculus removal, proving to be as effective as curettes.
Relationship of Locus of control with Plaque and Gingival status before and after Oral Health Education in a group of college students – An experimental study
Authors: Potdar S , Lakshminarayan N , Goud Reddy S 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectivesIn health psychology, several models are being constructed to understand human behaviour. Multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) is one among them. We sought to know the relationship ofMHLCwith dental plaque and gingival status before and after oral health education programme among 286 college students, aged 18–21 years in Davangere city.MethodsMultidimensional health locus of control questionnaire consisting of questions measuring internal health locus of control (IHLC), powerful others health locus of control (PHLC) and chance health locus of control (CHLC) was administered to students. Dental plaque and gingival health status were recorded using Plaque Index (PLI) and Gingival Index (GI), 1967. Oral health education was provided using power point presentation after the baseline oral examination. After 10 weeks of intervention, the students were given the same proforma followed by the assessment of plaque and gingival status.ResultsA negative correlation was observed betweenPHLCandIHLCwithPLIandGIand positive correlation ofCHLCwithPLIandGIat a level ofP < 0.01. The difference between ‘pre‐test’ and ‘post‐test’ meanPLIscores,GIscores,PHLCwas found to be statistically significant at a level ofP < 0.05.ConclusionOral health education was found to be effective and this could change the behaviour of individuals.
Migraine and obesity: metabolic parameters and response to a weight loss programme
Authors: Verrotti A. , Carotenuto M. , Altieri L. , Parisi P. , Tozzi E. , Belcastro V. , Esposito M. , Guastaferro N. , Ciuti A. , Mohn A. , Chiarelli F. , Agostinelli S. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBackground and objectiveWeight loss can determine significant improvement of migraine in obese patients. Herein, we evaluated a clinical sample of adolescent migraineurs with obesity who participated in an interdisciplinary programme for weight loss, in order to identify possible metabolic parameters associated with good migraine control.Subjects and methodsUsing a cross‐sectional design, we evaluated 112 out of 135 adolescents who previously underwent our intervention programme. Based on persistence of headache, subjects for comparison were 40 migraine‐free and 72 not migraine‐free adolescents. Participants underwent anthropometric evaluations and biochemical tests.ResultsPatients with persistence of migraine had significantly higher weight (P < 0.01), body mass index (P < 0.01), waist circumference (P < 0.01), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P < 0.001), triglyceride (P < 0.05), total cholesterol (P < 0.05) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05) values when compared with those who became migraine‐free. Between potential predictors, only insulin resistance (odds ratio = 3.5, 95% confidence interval = 1.4–6.1; P <  0.001) was significantly associated with persistence of migraine after intervention programme.ConclusionsAmong obese adolescents with migraine who underwent an intervention programme for weight loss, patients who did not become migraine‐free showed higher adiposity values than those who became migraine‐free. Patients with insulin resistance had 3.5 times the odds of having persistence of migraine compared with those without.
Consistency in infants' behavioural signalling of satiation during bottle‐feeding
Authors: Ventura A. K. , Inamdar L. B. , Mennella J. A. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBackgroundUnderstanding the dynamics of feeding is essential for preventing accelerated weight gain during infancy, a risk factor for obesity.ObjectivesBecause infants satiate on larger volumes of cow milk formula (CMF) than CMF enriched with the free amino acid glutamate (CMF + glu), we used this model system to determine whether infants displayed consistent behaviours despite satiating on lower volumes.MethodsIn this laboratory‐based, within‐subject experimental study of ≤4‐month‐old infants (n = 41) and their mothers, infants were videotaped while feeding to satiation CMF on one test day and CMF + glu on the other, in counterbalanced order. Each video‐recording was analysed frame‐by‐frame for frequency and timing of behaviours.ResultsInfants' behaviours were consistent in types and frequency but were displayed sooner when feeding CMF + glu compared with CMF. The less responsive the mother's feeding style, the less consistent the infant displayed behaviours across the two formula meals (P = 0.05). Infants who spat up (a possible sign of overfeeding) consumed more formula (P = 0.01) and had less responsive mothers (P = 0.04) compared with the other infants.ConclusionsInfants are consistent in their behavioural displays during feeding at this developmental age. Regulation of intake and signalling of satiation during bottle‐feeding are associated with formula composition and maternal feeding style.
Satisfaction of newly graduated nurses enrolled in transition‐to‐practice programmes in their first year of employment: a systematic review
Authors: Missen Karen , McKenna Lisa , Beauchamp Alison 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimsTo investigate job satisfaction and confidence levels of graduate nurses during their first year of employment and the impact various training programmes have on these factors.BackgroundThe transition from nursing student to practising nurse can be a challenging and stressful time for new nurses. Healthcare organizations provide transition programmes to support nurses through this vulnerable time and to assist in increasing graduates' job satisfaction and retention rates. However, no systematic review of transition programme outcomes has been undertaken to determine the impact of these programmes on improving satisfaction levels and on easing the challenges faced by nursing graduates in their new roles as Registered Nurses.DesignSystematic review of effect using narrative synthesis.Data sourcesQuantitative studies published between 2000–December 2012 were identified using electronic databases and reference lists and by searching ‘grey literature’. Primary search terms were ‘new graduate nurse’ and ‘transitional programmes’.Review methodsThe three authors, guided by standardized procedures, performed independent, blinded data extraction and quality assessment.ResultsFrom 338 studies initially identified, eleven studies were included in this review. These studies used a variety of study designs including quasi‐experimental and pre‐ and posttesting.ConclusionEvidence suggests that transition programmes are necessary in creating working environments that support new nurses in the clinical environment and this is demonstrated by increased job satisfaction and retention rates. However, optimum programme length and structure are unclear.
Patients' participation during a nursing handover: the role of handover characteristics and patients' personal traits
Authors: Drach‐Zahavy Anat , Shilman Olga 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimsTo describe the quality and scope of patients' participation in the handover process, in relation to their personal attributes (the big‐5 model of personality) and the handover encounter's characteristics (presence of the head nurse, escorts, ward overload‐namely nurse‐patient ratio).BackgroundThe scant research, previously addressing patient participation during a nursing handover, generally indicated that there is stillroom for improvement.DesignA quantitative and qualitative cross‐sectional design.MethodDuring 2012–2013, we collected data on 100 handovers in five surgical wards. Data on factors of the handover encounter were collected through structured observations of the event and data on personality attributes and demographics were assembled through validated questionnaires; we content‐analysed transcriptions of the handover's verbal content for typical content, frequency and quality of the communication.FindingsPatient participation proved bi‐directional, consisting of patient's initiative and nurse's initiative. Whereas patient's initiative improved when the head nurse and escorts were present and the unit was less loaded, nurse's initiative was facilitated by the presence of escorts and less overload. As for personality attributes, whereas patient's imitative improved with patient's high neuroticism, high agreeableness and low openness to experience, nurse's initiative decreased with patient's high neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness.ConclusionFindings illustrated the different communication preferences of patients with different personal attributes, as well as the different approaches by nurses to each of these different personalities. Nurses should be taught about communication and ways to engage patients during handover. Patients' education is also warranted including how and when to approach the different caregivers.
An artificial neural networking model for the prediction of post‐hepatectomy survival of patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qiao Guoliang , Li Jun , Huang Aiming , Yan Zhenlin , Lau Wan‐Yee , Shen Feng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsThis study aimed to establish a prognostic artificial neural network model (ANN) for early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following partial hepatectomy.MethodsConsecutive patients who were operated between February 2005 and March 2012 were prospectively studied. Seventy‐five and 25% of these patients were randomly selected as a training cohort and an internal validation cohort. Similar patients from another hospital formed an external validation cohort. The predictive accuracy of the ANN for postoperative survival was measured by the area under the curve (AUC) on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The results were compared with those obtained using the conventional Cox proportional hazard model, and the Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary Association (IHPBA), TNM 6th, and Barcelona‐Clinic‐Liver‐Cancer (BCLC) staging systems.ResultsThe number of patients in the training, internal validation and external validation cohorts were 543, 182, and 104, respectively. On linear regression analysis, tumor size, number, alpha¬fetoprotein, microvascular invasion, and tumor capsule were independent factors affecting survival (P < 0.05). The ANN model was established based on these factors. In the training cohort, the AUC of the ANN was larger than that of the Cox model (0.855 vs 0.826, P = 0.0115), and the staging systems (0.784 vs TNM 6th: 0.639, BCLC: 0.612, IHPBA: 0.711, P < 0.0001 for all). These findings were confirmed with the internal and external validation cohorts.ConclusionThe ANN was significantly better than the other commonly used model and systems in predicting survival of patients with early HCC who underwent partial hepatectomy.
Money Doctors
Authors: GENNAIOLI NICOLA , SHLEIFER ANDREI , VISHNY ROBERT 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTWe present a new model of investors delegating portfolio management to professionals based on trust. Trust in the manager reduces an investor's perception of the riskiness of a given investment, and allows managers to charge fees. Money managers compete for investor funds by setting fees, but because of trust, fees do not fall to costs. In equilibrium, fees are higher for assets with higher expected return, managers on average underperform the market net of fees, but investors nevertheless prefer to hire managers to investing on their own. When investors hold biased expectations, trust causes managers to pander to investor beliefs.
Emerging concepts in dendrimer‐based nanomedicine: from design principles to clinical applications
Authors: Kannan R. M. , Nance E. , Kannan S. , Tomalia D. A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDendrimers are discrete nanostructures/nanoparticles with ‘onion skin‐like’ branched layers. Beginning with a core, these nanostructures grow in concentric layers to produce stepwise increases in size that are similar to the dimensions of many in vivo globular proteins. These branched tree‐like concentric layers are referred to as ‘generations’. The outer generation of each dendrimer presents a precise number of functional groups that may act as a monodispersed platform for engineering favourable nanoparticle–drug and nanoparticle–tissue interactions. These features have attracted significant attention in medicine as nanocarriers for traditional small drugs, proteins, DNA/RNA and in some instances as intrinsically active nanoscale drugs. Dendrimer‐based drugs, as well as diagnostic and imaging agents, are emerging as promising candidates for many nanomedicine applications. First, we will provide a brief survey of recent nanomedicines that are either approved or in the clinical approval process. This will be followed by an introduction to a new ‘nanoperiodic’ concept which proposes nanoparticle structure control and the engineering of ‘critical nanoscale design parameters’ (CNDPs) as a strategy for optimizing pharmocokinetics, pharmocodynamics and site‐specific targeting of disease. This paradigm has led to the emergence of CNDP‐directed nanoperiodic property patterns relating nanoparticle behaviour to critical in vivo clinical translation issues such as cellular uptake, transport, elimination, biodistribution, accumulation and nanotoxicology. With a focus on dendrimers, these CNDP‐directed nanoperiodic patterns are used as a strategy for designing and optimizing nanoparticles for a variety of drug delivery and imaging applications, including a recent dendrimer‐based theranostic nanodevice for imaging and treating cancer. Several emerging preclinical dendrimer‐based nanotherapy concepts related to inflammation, neuro‐inflammatory disorders, oncology and infectious and ocular diseases are reviewed. Finally we will consider challenges and opportunities anticipated for future clinical translation, nanotoxicology and the commercialization of nanomedicine.
A Balancing Act: Emotional Challenges in theHRRole
Authors: O'Brien Elaine , Linehan Carol 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDespite much academic work and the development of multiple typologies, we are still some way from understanding theHRrole. There is a dearth of empirical evidence onHRprofessionals' work and recent models have been criticized for not adequately reflecting the challenges of trying to balance competing stakeholder interests. We approach this lacuna by focusing on an issue that has not been fully considered in relation toHRwork – emotion. Drawing on the findings of a broader study into emotional labour, we highlight the emotive challenges inherent in the day‐to‐day practice ofHR. We explore the disjunctions between ‘felt’ emotions and those actually displayed to meet differing stakeholders' expectations. We show how achieving an appropriate emotion display is a challenging pursuit given these competing expectations. Our contribution is to elucidate emotional labour in the under‐researched ‘backstage’ professional context, and through our emotion focus to extend our understanding of the complexity of theHRrole beyond current prescriptive models.
Impact of a trace element supplementation programme on health and performance of cross‐breed (Bos indicus x Bos taurus) dairy cattle under tropical farming conditions: a double‐blinded randomized field trial
Authors: Dermauw V. , Dierenfeld E. , Du Laing G. , Buyse J. , Brochier B. , Van Gucht S. , Duchateau L. , Janssens G. P. J. 
Published: July 2014

SummarySmall‐scale urban dairy farms (n = 16) in and around Jimma, Ethiopia with cross‐bred (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) cows were enrolled in a double‐blinded intervention study to investigate the effect of a trace element supplementation programme on trace element status and milk concentrations as well as performance [body condition score (BCS), milk yield, leptin], milk composition, antioxidant status (ferric‐reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS)], blood biochemistry, serum proteins and immune response (antibody titre upon rabies vaccination). The farms were allocated to a (1) placebo or (2) Cu, Zn, Se, Co and I supplementation treatment for 150 d. On days 0 and 120, four lactating cows per farm were sampled for milk and plasma, and on day 150 for serum, following primo‐vaccination. Cu deficiency was present in 17% and marginal Se deficiency in 30% of initially sampled cows, while no Zn shortage was detected. Over 120 days, trace element supplementation caused a bigger increase in plasma Se and Cu concentrations, but also a larger decrease of plasma Fe concentrations. A larger increase in milk Se concentrations was observed in the supplemented group, whereas none of the other elements were affected. BCS decreased more over time in the supplemented group. None of the other parameters of performance and antioxidant status nor milk composition or blood biochemistry was affected by treatment. Antibody response to rabies vaccination did not differ between groups, whereas α1‐globulins tended to be lower and β‐globulins tended to be higher in the supplemented group. In conclusion, despite improved Cu and Se status and Se concentrations in milk, cows on tropical urban dairy farms did not seem to benefit from trace element supplementation, with respect to the parameters investigated.