bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing Built-in Electric Field and Anions Active Sites in COFs through Ionic Polarization for Efficient Solar Energy Catalysis
Authors: Ma Tianyi , Zhang Jiahe , Li Xiaoning , Hu Haijun , Huang Hongwei , Li Hui , Sun Xiaodong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a thriving family in the realm of photocatalysis recently, yet with concerns about their high exciton dissociation energy and sluggish charge transfer. Herein, a novel strategy to enhance the built-in electric field (BIEF) of series β-keto-enamine-based COFs (TpPa-1, TpBD and TpEDDA) by ionic polarization method is proposed. The ionic polarization is achieved through a distinctive post-synthetic quaternization reaction which can endow the COFs with separate charge centers comprising cationic skeleton and iodide counter-anions, thus obtaining the modified CH3I-TpPa-1, CH3I-TpBD and CH3I-TpEDDA samples. The stronger BIEF generated between their cationic framework and iodide anions, as evidenced by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) and theoretical calculation results, can create a robust impetus to promote charge transfer, also leads to a substantial improvement in the exciton dissociation efficiency. Moreover, the introduced iodide anions not only serve as reaction centers with lowered H* formation energy barrier, but also act as “electron extractant” suppressing the recombination of electron-hole pairs, as evidenced by enriched electron density from DFT calculations. Therefore, the photocatalytic performance of the COFs is significantly improved due to the enhanced BIEF and anion reactive centers, among which the CH3I-TpPa-1 can deliver an extremely high H2 production rate up to 9.2 mmol g-1 h-1 without any co-catalysts, representing a 42-fold increase compared to that of pristine TpPa-1, being comparable with or even exceeding the state-of-the-art COFs photocatalysts with the addition of Pt co-catalysts. Both the experimental and theoretical evidences consistently confirm that the primary drawbacks of COFs can be mitigated by establishing a stronger BIEF through ionic polarization, while the introduction of iodide anions can serve as active site for H* formation thus diminishing the dependence on Pt co-catalysts. This work paves the way for addressing the issues of high exciton dissociation energy and sluggish charge transfer via rational molecule-level structure design of ion-polarized COFs.
Effect of socioeconomic status on the occurrence and in-hospital outcome among patients with acute myocardial infarction: an observational analytic case-control study
Authors: Shaban Eman E. , Khashaba Eman , Bassam Ensaf , Abdelaziz Ayman A. , Zaki Hany A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this research was to assess the impact of socioeconomic status on the incidence and in-hospital results in patients experiencing acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Methods: A case control study was conducted on 100 patients who suffered from their first onset AMI, and age and sex matched 100 control group. The study methods for collecting data from the participants were history taking (demographic information, risk factors – such as smoking history, obesity, hypertension), laboratory investigation, analysis of blood pressure, echocardiography, BMI, and socioeconomic status (SES). SES was evaluated using Egyptian socioeconomic scale that includes 7 domains with a total score of 84. SES were classified into very low (<40), low (40-56.9), middle (57-64.9), and high (>65) levels depending on the quartiles of the score calculated.
Results: It was observed that the occurrences and in-hospital outcomes, such as cardiogenic shock among AMI patients, were more common among the lower SES group than in the higher ones, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Moreover, death was more common among the lower SES group than in the higher ones, with an increased risk of more than four times (OR = 4.8, CI; 1.5-16.6). Consequently, low and very low SES had more frequent in-hospital complications (41.1%) than middle & high SES (20.4 and 32.7%, respectively).
Conclusion: These results show socioeconomic status is a significant aspect in shaping the overall health status of individuals, evaluated based on the presence of comorbid conditions measured during hospitalization for the first AMI. Similarly, in-hospital outcomes such as complications resulting from AMI are affected by patients’ socioeconomic statuses.
A novel approach for studying lithospheric deformation driven by asthenospheric flow
Authors: Krstekanic Nemanja , Willingshofer Ernst , Auzemery Antoine , Matenco Liviu , Smits Jasper 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Asthenospheric flow is a major driver of plate motions and lithosphere deformation. Previous studies have modelled the asthenospheric flow linked to the negative buoyancy of subducting slabs. However, orogenic systems associated with slab retreat are characterised by a more complex asthenospheric flow related to larger-scale processes including orogenic rotations, strain and flow partitioning or the along-strike variability of the subduction mechanics. Understanding deformation in such situations requires a bottom-up approach that simulates the asthenospheric flow and its effects on the overlying lithosphere. Here, we present a novel physical analogue modelling approach where gravity-driven asthenospheric flow is the main driver for lithospheric deformation. A constant volume asthenospheric flow is achieved by a novel inlet-outlet system that allows calibration of the flow velocity, which regulates the lithosphere-asthenosphere coupling. This approach induces asthenospheric flow, which provides an efficient mechanism for transferring deformation to a mechanically stratified lithosphere, where deformation can be studied at higher resolution compared to previous studies. Our approach is validated by a comparison with the slab retreat driven back-arc extension in the Carpathians-Pannonian system of Central Europe. Beyond slab retreat, our approach can be used for modelling asthenospheric flow in other plate tectonic settings.
Some Novel Synthesis 2-Aroyl-1-acetylhydrazine Derivatives: An Assessment of Their Biological Activity as Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Fayad Eman , Binjawhar Dalal Nasser , Abuzahrah Samah S. , Ali Ola A. Abu , Alqahtani Arwa , Al-Salmi Fawziah A. , Alshaya Dalal Sulaiman , Almaaty Ali H. Abu , Sophy Mohamed Ahmed Elian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Our study provides valuable insights into the anti-cancer activity of novel acetyl hydrazine derivatives as TOP2B inhibitors in breast cancer cells. Molecular docking studies were performed to evaluate the putative bonding mode of the synthesized compounds (3a, 4, 5a,b, and 6a,b). The obtained compounds were characterized using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Most of the compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activity against breast cancer cell lines. Among them, compound (6b) demonstrated a remarkable anti-cancer effect by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
Prevalence of catheter associated Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in hospitalized patient in Karachi
Authors: Ali Syed Rohan , Raqib Moosa Abdur , Kashif Shahida , Shafique Muhammad Ashir , Haseeb Abdul , Athar Kainat , Anis Aisha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are a prevalent healthcare-associated infection, accounting for significant morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs.Method: This is a cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with UTI associated with catheter use. The sample was collected from November 2023 to June 2024, consisting of 200 patients admitted to the surgical, medical, and trauma wards of tertiary hospitals in Karachi, namely Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi and Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi. Data is analyzed using SPSS Version 22 and P-value of 0.05 considered significant.Result: The majority of respondents (59.5%) had their catheters changed since insertion, predominantly by trained nurses (93.0%). There were notable associations with underlying conditions such as hypertension (56.5%) and diabetes (44.5%). Gender differences were significant, with females leading in medical cases and males in surgical and trauma cases (p-value 0.017). Age-related trends showed the 55+ age group dominated medical cases, while surgical and trauma cases varied by age group. There was a significant relationship between bleeding during catheterization and UTI (p-value: 0.000).Conclusion:The study revealed a minimal incidence of CAUTI in Karachi's tertiary care hospitals, indicating effective practices. However, further research is needed to explore the potential risk factors identified, such as female gender and comorbidities, to develop targeted interventions for reducing CAUTI incidence and improving patient outcomes.
A Survey Assessment of Sun Exposure Safety Behaviors and Knowledge Among Adults Living in Yemen and the United States
Authors: Algutaini Safana Abdullah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Sun exposure poses significant health risks, including skin cancer and cataracts, particularly in regions with high UV radiation levels. Therefore, this study aims to assess and compare sun exposure safety behaviors and knowledge among adults in Yemen and the United States. An online questionnaire was administered to gather data on participants' sun protection habits, knowledge of sun protection factors, and awareness of the risks associated with sun exposure. The results revealed notable differences between the two regions. While adults in the United States demonstrated higher levels of sun protection behaviors, such as regular use of sunscreen and protective clothing, participants in Yemen exhibited lower levels of sun protection knowledge and practices. Cultural and religious practices in Yemen, which often involve modest clothing that covers much of the skin, were found to influence sun protection behaviors. These findings underscore the need for culturally tailored public health campaigns to enhance sun protection behaviors and knowledge in both regions. By addressing regional differences and cultural contexts, targeted interventions can be developed to reduce sun-related health risks and promote safer sun exposure practices.
Alpine greening deciphered by forest stand and structure dynamics in advancing treelines
Authors: Bayle Arthur , Nicoud Baptiste , Mansons Jérôme , Francon Loïc , Corona Christophe , Choler Philippe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Multidecadal time series of satellite observations, such as those from Landsat, offer the possibility to study trends in vegetation greenness at unprecedented spatial and temporal scales. Alpine ecosystems have exhibited large increases in vegetation greenness as seen from space, nevertheless, the ecological processes underlying alpine greening have rarely been investigated. Here, we used a unique dataset of forest stand and structure characteristics derived from manually orthorectified high-resolution diachronic images (1983 and 2018), dendrochronology and LiDAR analysis to decipher the ecological processes underlying alpine greening in the southwestern French Alps, formerly identified as a hotspot of greening at the scale of the European Alps by previous studies. We found that most of the alpine greening in this area can be attributed to forest dynamics, including forest ingrowth and treeline upward shift. Furthermore, we showed that the magnitude of the greening was highest in pixels/areas where trees first established at the beginning of the Landsat time series in the mid-80s corresponding to a specific forest successional stage. In these pixels, we observe that trees from the first wave of establishment have grown between 1984 and 2023, while simultaneously, younger trees established in forest gaps, leading to increases in both vertical and horizontal vegetation cover. This study provides an in-depth description of the causal relationship between forest dynamics and greening, providing a unique example of how ecological processes translate into radiometric signals, while also paving the way for the study of large-scale treeline dynamics using satellite remote sensing.
Remote Monitoring System for Older Adults at Risk for Complications: A Scoping Review
Authors: SALMA Israa , TESTA Damien , MPOY Jacky-vivien , PEREZ-TORRENTS Joel , REHAULT Jean-malo , CABANES Elise , MINVIELLE Etienne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Aging populations and the increasing incidence of chronic diseases are placing additional pressure on healthcare systems. Remote monitoring systems (RMS) have emerged as a solution for improving remote healthcare efficiency and monitoring complex elderly patients. However, telemonitoring services in elderly care are still in their infancy, and their effectiveness remains unproven, with the potential for context-dependent variability. To bridge this gap, we conducted a scoping review to understand the current state of RMSs for elderly individuals at risk for complications, and their potential impact on healthcare service use, elderly’s quality of life, and cost-effectiveness.Methods: Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, data were gathered from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using predefined keywords, from 2010 onwards. Only English peer-reviewed studies that met the eligibility criteria were retained.Results: A total of 1,576 articles were initially identified. After removing duplicates and screening titles and abstracts, 47 articles were eligible for full-text assessment. Of these, 18 articles were included in the final analysis. Multiple RMSs have been identified and used for elderly patients with complex chronic conditions and a high risk of complications. Such systems typically involve telemonitoring devices, integrated or not with health questionnaires, supported by an automated alert system led by a healthcare professional, usually a nurse, who collaborates with different healthcare structures. The evaluation of RMSs effectiveness was primarily based on health service utilization - particularly hospitalization, emergency room visits and length of hospital stay - followed by quality of life and cost-effectiveness. Our findings support the promising impact of RMSs on reducing hospitalization for at-risk elderly individuals, especially the unplanned hospitalization, improving quality of life, and its cost-effectiveness.Conclusion: This review outlines multiple RMSs used for elderly individuals at risk for complications. Although the effectiveness of RMSs may depend on the content and level of responsiveness, our review underscores the necessity for further empirical research into telemonitoring interventions to fully understand their impact on elderly health outcomes and healthcare systems resources.
Clinical, functional and aberrometric parallels in the treatment of the neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Magomedova M. M. , Aliyev A.-H. D. , Zakieva S. I. , Maksudova Z. N. , Mikailova M. T. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: to analyze clinico-functional and aberrometric parameters of patients with the neovascular form of age–related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated by the anti-VEGF drug brolucizumab. Material and methods. The study involved 59 patients (59 eyes) aged 55 to 75 years, divided into two groups depending on the type of treatment. Group 1 consisted of 25 patients (25 eyes) who had previously received no anti-VEGF therapy and Group 2 had 34 patients (34 eyes) with an active nAMD form, who had previously been given anti-angiogenic therapy with aflibercept. All patients averagely received 5.48±1.5 brolucizumab injections in the “treat and extend” mode: 3 loading injections with monthly checkups followed by elongated intervals reaching 8 weeks. The treatment effectiveness was estimated by the change in maximum corrected visual acuity (MCVA) as measured by precision visometry, the aberrations parameters of the optical system of the eye, and the thickness of the central retinal zone (CRZ). In addition, the height of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) detachment, the presence of intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF), and fluid under RPE. Results. In group 1, BCVA whose initial value was 0.37 ± 0.16 reached 0.78 ± 0.25 (p = 0.02) by the end of treatment, while in group 2, the value rose from 0.35 ± 0.18 to 0.62 ± 0.22 (p = 0.02). After the 5th injection, Group 1 showed a statistically significant decrease in TCZV (ave. by 270.17 ± 92.37 μm, p=0.05), while Group 2 showed a less pronounced morphological result (a decrease from 480.54 ± 174.22 to 320.32 ± 109.53, p < 0.05). Both groups also showed, after the 5th injection, a decrease in the cumulative frequency of occurrence of various types of fluid (p < 0.02). A decrease in all components of higher order aberrations was also noted after the first 3 injections; this result remained stable until the end of the observation period (p = 0.04). Conclusion. In Group 1 patients, we succeeded in achieving high morphological and functional results and maintaining them at a stable level until the end of the observation period. Group 2, patients with an active nAMD, previously treated with other anti-VEGF preparations, showed a less pronounced, though stable improvement in morphofunctional parameters.
Antibacterial effect of Aloe Vera on Bacteria Isolated from Cases of Wound Infection
Authors: Naik Vaishnavi Vishram , Rao Pooja , Suman Ethel , Jeppu Udayalaxmi 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Antimicrobial resistance exhibited by bacteria against the major-ity of antibiotics has resulted in research on alternative methods of treatment. Aloe vera has a strong tradition as a medical plant with a wide range of therapeutic uses.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of gel and crude ethanol leaf extract of Aloe vera against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter-ales isolated from wound infections.

Methods:
It is a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 7 months. Antibacterial effect of the ethanol leaf extract and gel was determined by the punch well method. Min-imum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the ethanol leaf extract were determined by macro broth dilution technique.

Results:
Aloe vera ethanol leaf extract induced a mean zone size of 13.0 ± 6.0 mm and 16.7 ± 8.4 mm, respectively, for S. aureus and Enterobacterales by Punch Well method (p<0.002). Whereas Aloe vera gel failed to induce any zone of inhibition for all the isolates p<0.001. Mean MIC of Aloe vera leaf extract against 74 S. aureus was 94 ± 41.23 mg/ml and against 73 Enterobacterales, it was 45.6 ± 20 mg/ml p < 0.001. Mean MBC of Aloe vera leaf extract against 74 S.aureus isolates was 188 ± 82.46 mg/ml and against 73 En-terobacterales was 91.18±40 mg/ml p < 0.001.

Conclusion:
Aloe vera ethanol leaf extract showed a good antibacterial effect against the different strains of bacteria causing wound infection. The present article shows the possi-bility of future use of natural products for the treatment of wound infections.
Utilization and Experimental Use of Stainless Steel Metal Scrap Machinery Waste, St-40 Iron, Copper and Aluminum to Reduce Co, Hc, Co2 Elements in Vehicle Exhaust
Authors: Siregar Ahmad Marabdi , Siregar Chandra A , Umurani Khairul 
Published: July 2024

Air pollution due to motor vehicle exhaust emissions is increased. Polluted air harms human health dan the environment. Consequently, it is essential to make a sustained effort to reduce air pollution. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of adding aluminum scrap to the exhaust system of a motor vehicle on gas emissions composition. The motor vehicle exhaust system was modified to accommodate aluminum scrap placement. A gas analyzer was utilized to observe exhaust gas composition, such as carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide. Aluminum scrap with different masses was wrapped around the exhaust's inner tube in 50 gr, 70 gr and 90 gr. The engine speed was maintained at 500 rpm throughout the testing process. It was found that the temperature of the outer exhaust tube is in a range of 40 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Celsius. The results revealed that the most appropriate amount of aluminum scrap was 90 gr n to reduce carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and carbon dioxide in an exhausts gas. The surprising outcome was 76.78 % of carbon monoxide content declined, and furthermore hydrocarbon, and carbon dioxide content were deteriorated by 61.63% and 78.37%, respectively.
Influence of external magnetic field on the viscosity of electrically conducting magnetic fluids
Authors: Komilov K. , Zarifzoda A. Q. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose. Theoretical study of an external magnetic field on the discontinuous and bulk viscosity of electrically conductive magnetic fluids. Methods. The method of molecular kinetic theory is used, which, using kinetic methods for single-particle and two-particle distribution functions, allows one to determine transfer mechanisms in electrically conductive magnetic fluids.When constructing kinetic mathematical electrically conductive magnetic fluids as multicomponent systems in which non-magnetic and magnetic subsystems are independent, magnetic particles and the stabilizer substance closely interact with each other. Results. Based on algorithms of expressions for the coefficients of shear and volumetric viscosity, the observed mechanisms of translational and structural relaxation processes, a series of calculations was carried out depending on thecoefficients of stepwise and volumetric viscosity from the results of external magnetic fields, the volumetric structure of magnetic particles and the calculation of measured values in electrically conductive magnetic fluids based on mercury and a eutectic alloy of Gallium and India. It is shown that with increasing external magnetic fields, the coefficients of shear and bulk viscosity in electrically conductive magnetic fluids increase nonlinearly. An increase in the volume of elements of magnetic particles also leads to a nonlinear increase in the coefficients of abrupt and bulk viscosity. Conclusion. The given calculations of the coefficients of shear and bulk viscosity depending on the principle of international dependence indicate that the use of metal constants in electrically conductive magnetic fluids leads to a noticeable decrease in their viscosity. It is shown that the results obtained, in good agreement with literature data, can be used for further development of the theory of transfer processes of electrically conductive magnetic fluids.