bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Credit Risk Assessment Model Using a Granular Computing Technique
Authors: Chang Yung-Chia , Chang Kuei-Hu , Hsiao Chien-Wen 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Information about financial risk almost always contains a problem of class imbalance. Class-imbalanced data refers to the asymmetric categories of data, and it is divided into a major class and a minor class. If we guide all information into the training sample to model of this situation, it may happen that the accuracy rate of the major class is high, but the accuracy rate of the minor class is too low. Many risk assessment models have been developed in many studies, but most of them only use sampling methods to deal with the class-imbalanced data; this may cause the distortion of information. In order to effectively solve the problem of class imbalance in credit risk assessment, this paper proposed a novel credit risk assessment model using a granular computing technique to construct a risk assessment model to provide a better insight into the essence of data and effectively solve class imbalance problems. On the other hand, in order to improve the lack of granular computing and enhance the efficiency of the credit risk assessment model, this paper adds a new index, “% of minor class (PM),” to avoid a situation in which minor class data spread to the major class granular. Finally, this paper also compares the results of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and G-means methods for dealing with class-imbalanced data. The results demonstrate that the proposed granular computing credit assessment model would have better results than other sampling models.
Extension of Fatigue Cracks in a Low-Alloy Steel After Massive Plastic Deformation
Authors: Brueckner-Foit A. , Besel M. , Stein T. , Zeismann F. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Fatigue crack extension was studied in a ferritic–pearlitic steel in two different material conditions. The first one was the virgin state with a typical pearlitic microstructure containing comparatively large stacks of cementite lamellae. The second material contained predominantly globular cementite and stacks of very fine cementite lamellae and was found after massive plastic deformation during a thermo-mechanical forming process. These differences in the microstructure lead to significantly different mechanisms in the damage accumulation process under fatigue loading. Stacks of cementite lamellae pearlite were both crack initiation sites and microstructural barriers for small cracks in the virgin material, whereas the fine lamellae in the plastically deformed (cold-worked) material could cause crack deviation, but no crack initiation and no significant crack arrest or crack retardation.
Fatigue Crack Growth in Blade Attachment of Turbine Disks: Experimental Tests and Life Prediction
Authors: Foletti S. , Beretta S. , Scaccabarozzi F. , Rabbolini S. , Traversone L. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
To assess residual life for those component parts where low cycle fatigue (LCF) design is adopted, especially for those critical regions where high stress concentrations cause cyclic yielding of the material, it is necessary to consider the presence of potential defects and their propagation during service. In order to represent the high stress concentration at the root of blade attachments in a gas turbine and the typical elastic-shakedown conditions, a notched specimen has been designed and tested. A series of experimental tests in three regimes have been carried out with the presence of small semi-circular micronotches and crack growth rates have been measured with plastic replicas. The results have shown that the initial over-load impressed by the spinning tests is able to double the propagation lifetime. The experimental results have then been successfully analyzed with Newman's crack growth model applied to the elastic shakedown stress fields at the notch root.
High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Precipitation Hardened Stainless Steel Alloys in Multiphase Environments
Authors: Gianforcaro Richard , Ault James P. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Stainless steels are often used in marine applications due to their superior corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. However, stainless steels are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and corrosion fatigue. Fatigue occurs when cracks, which initiate as the result of cyclic loading, grow and eventually lead to fracture and component failure. For this reason, it is important to include fatigue in design considerations. Unfortunately, there is little data available for corrosion fatigue in marine environments. Most fatigue studies for materials in marine environments are conducted in aqueous solutions at ambient temperatures. In reality, marine environments can include periods of cyclic wetting and drying and variations in temperature. Furthermore, components often include design parameters that can shorten fatigue life such as crevices and mating surfaces. To better understand the behavior of stainless alloys in realistic marine environments, a series of high cycle fatigue tests were conducted on several alloys. Precipitation hardened and nickel alloys have been tested in environments including ambient air, immersion in solutions of 3.5 % sodium chloride (NaCl), and cyclic wetting environments at both ambient and elevated temperatures. Studies validated the importance of testing alloys in conditions representative of the actual service environment.
Prenatal and Newborn Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease: Findings From a Nursery
Authors: Johnson Lise C. , Lieberman Ellice , O’Leary Edward , Geggel Robert L. 
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND:
Delayed diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) in neonates increases morbidity and mortality. The use of pulse oximetry screening is recommended to increase detection of these conditions. The contribution of pulse oximetry in a tertiary-care birthing center may be different from at other sites.

METHODS:
We analyzed CCHD pulse oximetry screening for newborns ≥35 weeks’ gestation born at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and cared for in the well-infant nursery during 2013. We identified patients with prenatal diagnosis of CCHD. We also identified infants born at other medical centers who were transferred to Boston Children’s Hospital for CCHD and determined if the condition was diagnosed prenatally.

RESULTS:
Of 6838 infants with complete pulse oximetry data, 6803 (99.5%) passed the first screening. One infant failed all 3 screenings and had the only echocardiogram prompted by screening that showed persistent pulmonary hypertension. There was 1 false-negative screening in an infant diagnosed with interrupted aortic arch. Of 112 infants born at Brigham and Women’s Hospital with CCHD, 111 had a prenatal diagnosis, and none was initially diagnosed by pulse oximetry. Of 81 infants transferred to Boston Children’s Hospital from other medical centers with CCHD, 35% were diagnosed prenatally.

CONCLUSIONS:
In our tertiary-care setting, pulse oximetry did not detect an infant with CCHD because of effective prenatal echocardiography screening. Pulse oximetry will detect more infants in settings with a lower prenatal diagnosis rate. Improving training in complete fetal echocardiography scans should also improve timely diagnosis of CCHD.
Ultrasonographic visualization of the liver in sites recommended for blind percutaneous liver biopsy in horses
Authors: Sammons Sara C. , Norman Tracy E. , Chaffin M. Keith , Cohen Noah D. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Objective—To ascertain the frequency of ultrasonographic identification of liver at sites recommended for blind percutaneous liver biopsy in middle-aged horses and to determine whether the liver is obscured by other organs or too thin for safe sample collection at recommended locations.
Design—Prospective case series.
Animals—36 healthy middle-aged (between 6 and 18 years old) Quarter Horses or Quarter Horse crosses.
Procedures—Blood samples were collected from each horse and submitted for evaluation of liver function. Horses with any indication of liver dysfunction on serum biochemical analysis were excluded. The region just below a line drawn between the dorsal aspect of the tuber coxae and the point of the elbow joint in the right 11th, 12th, 13th, and 14th intercostal spaces (ICSs) was imaged by ultrasonography for the presence of liver. In each ICS, liver thickness and whether there was partial obstruction in viewing the liver caused by other abdominal or thoracic organs were recorded.
Results—39% (14/36) of horses had liver imaged on ultrasonographic examination in all of the 11th to 14th ICSs. None of the 36 horses had liver of adequate thickness (ie, liver thickness ≥ 3.5 cm) for biopsy in all of the imaged ICSs. For 22 horses in which the liver was not visible on ultrasonographic examination of an ICS, lung was imaged instead in 12 (55%) horses, intestine in 8 (36%), and both intestine and lung in 2 (9%).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—On the basis of the results of this study, the practice of blind percutaneous liver biopsy in horses is not recommended because of the risk of serious complications.
Comparison of a single dose of moxidectin and a five-day course of fenbendazole to reduce and suppress cyathostomin fecal egg counts in a herd of embryo transfer–recipient mares
Authors: Mason Maren E. , Voris Nathan D. , Ortis Hunter A. , Geeding Amy A. , Kaplan Ray M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Objective—To compare larvicidal regimens of fenbendazole and moxidectin for reduction and suppression of cyathostomin fecal egg counts (FEC) in a transient herd of embryo transfer–recipient mares.
Design—Randomized, complete block, clinical trial.
Animals—120 mares from 21 states, residing on 1 farm.
Procedures—An initial fecal sample was collected from each mare; mares with an FEC ≥ 200 eggs/g were assigned to treatment groups. Eighty-two horses received fenbendazole (10.0 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h for 5 days) or moxidectin (0.4 mg/kg [0.18 mg/lb], PO, once); FEC data were analyzed 14, 45, and 90 days after treatment.
Results—Mean FEC reduction was 99.9% for moxidectin-treated mares and 41.9% for fenbendazole-treated mares 14 days after treatment. By 45 days, mean FEC of fenbendazole-treated mares exceeded pretreatment counts; however, FECs of moxidectin-treated mares remained suppressed below pretreatment values for the duration of the 90-day study. Fecal egg counts were significantly different between groups at 14, 45, and 90 days after treatment.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Failure of the 5-day regimen of fenbendazole to adequately reduce or suppress FEC suggested inadequate adulticidal and larvicidal effects. In contrast, a single dose of moxidectin effectively reduced and suppressed FEC for an extended period. Given the diverse geographic origins of study mares, these results are likely representative of cyathostomin-infected mares in much of the United States, confirming previous findings indicating that fenbendazole resistance in cyathostomins is widespread and that moxidectin remains an effective treatment for control of these important parasites.
Selected Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer and Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: V. Szaboova , V. Svlhrova , V. Hudeckova 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The article provides a review of literature on risk factors and cofactors for cervical cancer and barriers to cervical cancer screening. Cofactors of cervical cancer are risk factors that contribute to the development of cervical cancer but are not able to generate cancer on their own. Risk factors and cofactors of cervical cancer have been clearly identified in many studies. Therefore cervical cancer is a preventable type of cancer. The aim of this article was to describe in more detail the barriers to cervical cancer screening among women all over the world. The barriers to cervical cancer screening can be sorted according to the results of studies into five main groups: informational, psychological, socio-economic, behavioral and cultural, and geographical. Efforts to reduce risk factors and cofactors of HPV infection and cervical cancer and to increase knowledge about screening are necessary in a positive approach to preventing cervical cancer in society and to promote women’s health.
Effect of Genotype and Organic Fertilizer on Red:Far Red Ratio, Stomatal Conductance, Leaf Temperature, and Dry Weight of Amaranth
Authors: Wayah Samson Baranzan , Singh Ajit , Waziri Peter Maitalata , Theng Zheng-Yew , Nkem Bruno Martins , Nguyen Thi Thuy Van , Nguyen Di Khanh , Nguyen Phuoc Diem Ly , Le Huynh Nhu , Chin Hsien Yeen , Yap Cheng Lock , Syed Muhammad Taha , Al Sulaimani Nuhaila Shukry Mohammed 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Amaranth is a very important vegetable worldwide. Its leaves are consumed and the seeds are processed into various food products. Its production in the tropics is threatened by low yields which has a major impact on global production. A research aimed at improving the yield of this vegetable was carried out at lady bird organic farm Broga, 2.9450N 101.8740E, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia by studying the effect of genotype and organic fertilizer on the following growth indicators, red:far red ratio below canopy, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, and dry weight. These growth indicators were monitored on a weekly basis over a period of six weeks. Three genotypes namely, Amaranthus caudatus, 3388 (green round leaf), Amaranthus caudatus, 3233 (green long leaf) and Amaranthus cruentus, 888 (red leaf) were grown on soils to which organic fertilizer was added at three different application rates (0 t/ha, 7.5 t/ha and 15 t/ha). There was no significant interaction effect of genotype and organic fertilizer on the growth indicators; however, each of these factors had significant effect on the growth of amaranth. A strong negative correlation occurred between dry weight and red:far red ratio below canopy likewise, between stomatal conductance and leaf temperature. Over a cultivation period of five weeks, the green long leaf genotype was superior showing that it is better adapted to growing in the rainforest agro ecological zone of Malaysia than the other two genotypes. Organic fertilizer application at a rate of 15 t/ha produced the lowest leaf temperature, after 4 weeks of cultivation implying better water status than 0 t/ha and 7.5 t/ha application rates. This study clearly shows that genotype and organic fertilizer have significant effect on the growth of amaranth. Therefore, these factors can be manipulated in order to enhance amaranth production.
Irrigation Schedules for Selected Food Crops Using Water Balance Book-Keeping Method
Authors: Ezemonye Mary Nkiru , Emeribe Chukwudi Naemeka 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In the tropics, the water potential of a region cannot be adequately assessed from precipitation alone due to the seasonal character of rainfall and even more so owing to the changing climate scenario. It is therefore necessary that in any agro-climatological program, there must be a clear understanding of the actual amount of water that evaporates and transpires (AET), and the amount of water that would evaporate and transpire if water were always readily available (PET). This could be done through the method of the water balance. The present work examines the water budget of parts of the Imo river basin and its implications for improved crop production through supplementary irrigation schedules. It was observed, that the study area is already facing moisture-stress. This is because even during rainy months supplementary irrigation is required to compensate for the occasionally moisture deficit due to increased evapotranspiration. The study showed that cultivation of maize, rice and tomatoes can be carried out on an all-year round basis under a scientific irrigation scheme. Thus the study provided farmers with guideline on the period and quantity of water required for supplementary irrigation, a development which will prevents wilting of plants before the application of needed water.
Effects of Heavy Metals and Arsenate on the Ovine Rumen Fermentation in Vitro
Authors: Marounek Milan , Joch Miroslav 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The inhibitory effect of four trace elements on production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and lactate was evaluated in cultures of rumen contents containing lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic at 50, 100 and 250 μg/ml. The production of VFA in cultures containing Pb2+, Hg2+, Cd2+ and As5+ at 50 μg/ml was decreased by 15.9, 40.0, 29.1 and 35.6%, respectively. The effect of trace elements on molar profile of VFA was variable, which suggests a different toxic effect of elements tested on different groups of rumen microorganisms. Increasing concentrations of Pb2+ in rumen cultures decreased molar proportion of acetate and increased that of butyrate, whereas Hg2+ and Cd2 increased molar percentages of acetate and decreased butyrate. Lactate concentration in cultures containing Hg2+ increased in a dose-dependent manner from 3.10 to 9.20 μmol/ml. Effects of other trace elements on lactate production were not consistent.
Unification of Judicial Practice Concerning Parental Responsibility in the European Union – Challenges Applying Regulation Brussels II Bis
Authors: Pranevičienė Kristina 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The article briefly describes international legislation in parental responsibility matters and focuses on the Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 of 27 November 2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, repealing Regulation (EC) No 1347/2000 (in practice called Brussels II a or Brussels II bis). The essay reveals and analyses the difficulties which occur while hearing parental responsibility cases within the European Union. Particular attention is given to special cases which were difficult to resolve for the national courts of the Republic of Lithuania. Also, the practice of the Court of Justice of the European Union is examined. The guidelines on how to avoid the problems of establishing jurisdiction are given. The relations of 1980 Hague Convention on international child abduction and Regulations Brussels II bis are revealed and the reasons for adoption of the Regulation are highlighted. The article also proposes improvements for Article 15 of the Regulation and the effective application of a modified forum non conveniens doctrine in parental responsibility cases.
Prevalence of Coxiella Burnetii in Dairy Herds - Diagnostic Methods and Risk to Humans - A Review
Authors: Szymańska-Czerwińska Monika , Niemczuk Krzysztof , Mitura Agata 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. The main source of infection are ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats). C. burnetii is excreted via birth products, vaginal mucus, milk, and faeces. Raw milk is considered useful for epidemiological examinations of animals and evaluation of infection dynamics at the herd level. This article summarises data on prevalence studies on C. burnetii in bulk-tank milk in different European countries with the means of serological tests and PCR. It also summarises the results of studies to evaluate the actual risk of disease transmission to humans through consumption of raw milk. Moreover, the available diagnostic tools for detection C. burnetii infection are presented.
Identification of Diagnostic Protein Markers of Subclinical Mastitis in Bovine Whey Using Comparative Proteomics
Authors: Bian Yanjie , Lv Ying , Li Qingzhang 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The proteomics of inflammatory response in whey from cows with subclinical mastitis were analysed. Whey protein lysates were separated on 24 cm dry IPG strips (pH 3-10 linear) and 24 cm dry IPG strips (pH 4-7) using two-dimensional electrophoresis. The results indicated that the whey proteins in milk from cows with subclinical mastitis are different from those in milk from healthy cows. All protein spots were found to have biologically relevant changes in relative abundance during subclinical mastitis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis, including ß-1,4 galactosyltransferase, ß-2 microglobulin, complement 3, a-1-acid glycoprotein, ß-lactoglobulin A, a-S1 casein precursor, ß-casein B, and serotransferrin precursor. The mRNA expression of these genes was verified by quantitative real-time PCR. These proteins are involved in signal transduction, binding, transport, and immune defence activity. The results suggest that the markers may be used for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis.
Occurrence of Veterinary Antibiotics and Chemotherapeutics in Fresh Water, Sediment, and Fish of the Rivers and Lakes in Poland
Authors: Gbylik-Sikorska Małgorzata , Posyniak Andrzej , Mitrowska Kamila , Gajda Anna , Błądek Tomasz , Śniegocki Tomasz , Żmudzki Jan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The occurrence of commonly used veterinary antimicrobial agents was investigated in 159 fresh water, 443 fish, and 150 sediment samples from Polish rivers and lakes. The agents included aminoglycosides, ß-lactams, diaminopyrimidines, fluoroquinolones, lincosamides, macrolides, pleuromutilins, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. The analysis was performed by three different sample preparation procedures for each matrix and it was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation source in positive mode, under the same conditions. All analytical methods used were validated and showed good sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. The LOQ was in the range from 5 μg/kg to 125 μg/kg for fish samples, from 0.02 μg/L to 10 μg/L for fresh water samples, and from 1 μg/kg to 8 μg/kg for sediment samples.
MiRNA-21, miRNA-10b, and miRNA-34a Expression in Canine Mammary Gland Neoplasms
Authors: Łosiewicz Katarzyna , Chmielewska-Krzesińska Małgorzata , Socha Piotr , Jakimiuk Anna , Wąsowicz Krzysztof 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The expression of miRNA-21, miRNA-10b, and miRNA-34a in malignant and benign tumours and non-neoplastic lesions in canine mammary gland, using real-time PCR with TaqMan probes was determined. The expression in normal tissues was compared to neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions using one-way ANOVA test. Significant changes in miRNA expression in neoplastic tissues, as compared to normal ones, were demonstrated. In all neoplastic tissues, the miRNA-21 expression increased while in non-neoplastic lesions slightly decreased in comparison to normal ones. MiRNA-10b expression in malignant and benign tumours increased in comparison to normal tissues and non-neoplastic lesions. MiRNA-34a expression profile in neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues differed from other examined miRNAs (miRNA-21 and miRNA-10b). In all samples miRNA-34a expression level decreased in comparison to normal tissues.
Side-Effects of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on the Liver in Dogs and Hepatoprotective Effect of Plant Remedies
Authors: Szweda Magdalena , Szarek Józef , Kiełbowicz Zdzisław , Szynaka Beata 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Hepatoprotective effect of plant drugs against hepatic tissue injury induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was assessed on Beagle dogs. The adverse effects of carprofen and robenacoxib on the hepatic tissue were evaluated on the basis of histopathological examination of liver sections. It was demonstrated that the use of NSAIDs with liquorice and composed plant remedy Pectosol¯ caused a reduction of hepatic adverse effects induced by the administration of NSAIDs. This fact indicates a hepatoprotective effect of the tested plant remedies during the treatment with NSAIDs. However, the results require further studies on a larger group of animals. Liquorice and Pectosol¯ reduce the hepatic side effects, which develop after the treatment with carprofen and, to a lesser extent, robenacoxib in young Beagles. Such studies allow to investigate the negative and positive effects of using robenacoxib and carprofen in dogs and, therefore, help to limit the NSAID-induced side effects on the liver in these animals.