bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic landscapes: phenological patterns in wild and cultivated barley
Authors: Hübner S. , Bdolach E. , Ein‐Gedy S. , Schmid K. J. , Korol A. , Fridman E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPhenotypic variation in natural populations is the outcome of the joint effects of environmentally induced adaptations and neutral processes on the genetic architecture of quantitative traits. In this study, we examined the role of adaptation in shaping wild barley phenotypic variation along different environmental gradients. Detailed phenotyping of 164 wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) accessions from Israel (of the Barley1K collection) and 18 cultivated barley (H. vulgare) varieties was conducted in common garden field trials. Cluster analysis based on phenotypic data indicated that wild barley in this region can be differentiated into three ecotypes in accordance with their ecogeographical distribution: north, coast and desert. Population differentiation (QST) for each trait was estimated using a hierarchical Bayesian model and compared to neutral differentiation (FST) based on 42 microsatellite markers. This analysis indicated that the three clusters diverged in morphological but not in reproductive characteristics. To address the issue of phenotypic variation along environmental gradients, climatic and soil gradients were compared with each of the measured traits given the geographical distance between sampling sites using a partial Mantel test. Flowering time and plant growth were found to be differentially correlated with climatic and soil characteristic gradients, respectively. The H. vulgare varieties were superior to the H. spontaneum accessions in yield components, yet resembled the Mediterranean types in vegetative characteristics and flowering time, which may indicate the geographical origin of domesticated barley.
Presepsis Depressive Symptoms Are Associated with Incident Cognitive Impairment in Survivors of Severe Sepsis: A Prospective Cohort Study of Older Americans
Authors: Davydow Dimitry S. , Hough Catherine L. , Langa Kenneth M. , Iwashyna Theodore J. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that presepsis depressive symptoms are associated with risk of new cognitive impairment in survivors of severe sepsis.DesignProspective longitudinal cohort study.SettingPopulation‐based cohort of older U.S. adults interviewed as part of the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2006).ParticipantsFour hundred forty‐seven individuals with normal presepsis cognition who survived 540 hospitalizations for severe sepsis and completed at least one follow‐up interview.MeasurementsSevere sepsis was identified using a validated algorithm in Medicare claims. Depressive symptoms were assessed prospectively using a modified version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Cognitive function was assessed using versions of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS). Logistic regression with robust standard errors was used to examine associations between substantial depressive symptoms at any interview before sepsis and incident cognitive impairment (mild or moderate to severe cognitive impairment) at any interview after sepsis.ResultsThe prevalence of substantial depressive symptoms in participants with normal cognition before sepsis was 38% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 34–42%). After severe sepsis, 18% (95% CI = 15–20%) of survivors had incident cognitive impairment. In unadjusted analyses, presepsis substantial depressive symptoms were associated with postsepsis incident cognitive impairment (odds ratio (OR) = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.53–4.27). After adjustment for demographics, health‐risk behaviors, clinical characteristics of the sepsis episode, and presepsis TICS scores, substantial presepsis depressive symptoms remained the strongest factor associated with postsepsis incident cognitive impairment (OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.45–4.59).ConclusionSubstantial presepsis depressive symptoms are independently associated with incident postsepsis cognitive impairment. Depressed older adults may be particularly at risk of developing cognitive impairment after a serious medical illness.
Depressive Symptoms After Hospitalization in Older Adults: Function and Mortality Outcomes
Authors: Pierluissi Edgar , Mehta Kala M. , Kirby Katharine A. , Boscardin W. John , Fortinsky Richard H. , Palmer Robert M. , Landefeld C. Seth 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo determine the relationship between depressive symptoms after hospitalization and survival and functional outcomes.DesignSecondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.SettingGeneral medical service of two urban, teaching hospitals in Ohio.ParticipantsHospitalized individuals aged 70 and older.MeasurementsTen depressive symptoms, instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), and basic activities of daily living (ADLs) were measured at hospital discharge and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months later. Participant‐specific changes in depressive symptoms (slopes) were determined using all data points. Four groups were also defined according to number of depressive symptoms (≤3 symptoms, low; 4–10 symptoms, high) at discharge and follow‐up: low–low, low–high, high–low, and high–high. Mortality was measured 3, 6, and 12 months after hospital discharge.ResultsParticipant‐specific discharge depressive symptoms and change in depressive symptoms over time (slopes) were associated (P < .05) with functional and mortality outcomes. At 1 year, more participants in the low–low depressive symptom group (49%) were alive and independent in IADLs and ADLs than in the low–high group (37%, P = .02), and more participants in the high–low group (39%) were alive and independent in IADLs and ADLs than in the high–high group (19%, P < .001).ConclusionNumber of depressive symptoms and change in number of depressive symptoms during the year after discharge were associated with functional and mortality outcomes in hospitalized older adults. Fewer participants with persistently high or increasing depressive symptoms after hospitalization were alive and functionally independent 1 year later than participants with decreasing or persistently low symptoms, respectively.
Effectiveness of Acute Geriatric Unit Care Using Acute Care for Elders Components: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Fox Mary T. , Persaud Malini , Maimets Ilo , O'Brien Kelly , Brooks Dina , Tregunno Deborah , Schraa Ellen 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo compare the effectiveness of acute geriatric unit care, based on all or part of the Acute Care for Elders (ACE) model and introduced in the acute phase of illness or injury, with that of usual care.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis of 13 randomized controlled and quasi‐experimental trials with parallel comparison groups retrieved from multiple sources.SettingAcute care geriatric and nongeriatric hospital units.ParticipantsAcutely ill or injured adults (N = 6,839) with an average age of 81.InterventionsAcute geriatric unit care characterized by one or more ACE components: patient‐centered care, frequent medical review, early rehabilitation, early discharge planning, prepared environment.MeasurementsFalls, pressure ulcers, delirium, functional decline at discharge from baseline 2‐week prehospital and hospital admission statuses, length of hospital stay, discharge destination (home or nursing home), mortality, costs, and hospital readmissions.ResultsAcute geriatric unit care was associated with fewer falls (risk ratio (RR) = 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.29–0.88), less delirium (RR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.61–0.88), less functional decline at discharge from baseline 2‐week prehospital admission status (RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.78–0.97), shorter length of hospital stay (weighted mean difference (WMD) = −0.61, 95% CI = −1.16 to −0.05), fewer discharges to a nursing home (RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.68–0.99), lower costs (WMD = −$245.80, 95% CI = −$446.23 to −$45.38), and more discharges to home (RR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01–1.10). A nonsignificant trend toward fewer pressure ulcers was observed. No differences were found in functional decline between baseline hospital admission status and discharge, mortality, or hospital readmissions.ConclusionAcute geriatric unit care, based on all or part of the ACE model and introduced during the acute phase of older adults' illness or injury, improves patient‐ and system‐level outcomes.
Resistance and Balance Training Improves Functional Capacity in Very Old Participants Attending Cardiac Rehabilitation After Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: Busch John C. , Lillou Dorothea , Wittig Godehard , Bartsch Petra , Willemsen Detlev , Oldridge Neil , Bjarnason‐Wehrens Birna 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of intensive functional exercise training with that of usual cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in very old adults soon after coronary bypass surgery (CABG).DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingIn‐hospital CR.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 75 and older (n = 173, mean 78.5 ± 3.2) participated in inpatient CR, which started soon after surgery (13.1 ± 5.3 days) and lasted for a mean of 20.4 ± 3.2 days.InterventionParticipants were randomly assigned to an inpatient CR intervention group (IG; n = 84) or a control group (CG; n = 89). All participants participated in the inpatient CR program. In addition, IG participants participated in resistance training and special balance training (5 d/wk).MeasurementsSix‐minute walk test, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, Timed‐Up‐and‐Go Test (TUG), and a maximal isometric strength test were used to access functional capacity and the MacNew questionnaire to evaluate health‐related quality of life (HRQL).ResultsThere were significant improvements (P < .001) in all measured variables over the duration of CR. Improvements in functional capacity were significantly greater in the IG than the CG for 6‐minute walk distance (6‐MWD) (IG Δ 67.3 ± 49.0 m vs CG Δ 41.9 ± 51.7 m; P = .003), TUG time (IG Δ −2.4 ± 2.2 seconds vs CG Δ −1.2 ± 3.4 seconds; P = .005), and relative workload (IG Δ 0.19 ± 0.21 W/kg vs CG Δ 0.13 ± 0.11 W/kg; P = .03).ConclusionThere were significant improvements in all measured variables in very old adults participating in CR soon after CABG. With additional functional exercise training, participants randomized to IG improved significantly more than those randomized to CG on 6‐MWD, TUG time, and relative workload.
Aspirin Use After Diagnosis Improves Survival in Older Adults with Colon Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Reimers Marlies S. , Bastiaannet Esther , van Herk‐Sukel Myrthe P. P. , Lemmens Valery E. P. , van den Broek Colette B. M. , van de Velde Cornelis J. H. , de Craen Anton J. M. , Liefers Gerrit Jan 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo assess survival in relation to aspirin use after diagnosis in older adults with colon cancer.DesignSubgroup analysis of a previously published cohort and retrospective study.SettingIndividuals registered in the Eindhoven Cancer Registry (ECR) between 1998 and 2007, linked to prescriptions of low‐dose aspirin (80 mg) registered in a community pharmacy database.ParticipantsFive hundred thirty‐six individuals aged 70 and older diagnosed with colon cancer with or without aspirin use after diagnosis.MeasurementsSurvival was analyzed with user status as a time‐dependent covariate. Multivariate Poisson regression survival models were used to study the effect of aspirin on overall survival.ResultsOne hundred seven participants (20.0%) started aspirin after being diagnosed with colon cancer; 429 (80.0%) were not prescribed aspirin. Three hundred thirty‐nine participants (63.2%) had died by the end of follow‐up. Aspirin use after diagnosis was associated with longer overall survival (rate ratio (RR) = 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.38–0.70, P < .001). Multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that aspirin use was associated with longer overall survival (adjusted RR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.44–0.81, P = .001).ConclusionAspirin use after the diagnosis of colon cancer in older adults was associated with longer survival. Low‐dose aspirin could be used as an effective adjuvant therapy in older adults with colon cancer.
Global, 3‐dimensional approach to natural rejuvenation: part 1 – recommendations for volume restoration and the periocular area
Authors: Raspaldo Hervé , Gassia Véronique , Niforos François‐Rene , Michaud Thierry 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackgroundNew techniques and products have lead to a global approach for the treatment of signs of aging. However, there is little published literature on the procedures involved in this approach and currently no validated recommendations exist.ObjectivesTo provide a detailed, practical guide to midfacial volume restoration and rejuvenation of the periocular area based on expert consensus recommendations.MethodsThe expert committee took into account both volumetric and dynamic aspects of treatment, as well as benefits of treatment combinations, for example, combining OnabotulinumtoxinA with hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers and volumizers. An aging severity scale was established for each area, together with recommendations of appropriate products, doses, site, depth, and injection techniques, as well as rules to be respected.ResultsThe expert group concluded that volume restoration of the midface is the first essential step in the global approach because treatment for this area has the most significant positive impact. Firstly, it is important to restore the malar contour, as malar volume anchors the structure of the midface. Secondly, an assessment of the effects of malar enhancement on the appearance of the nasolabial folds and the nasojugal fold (tear trough) should be conducted because these aging signs may be decreased by malar enhancement. Finally, treatment for the nasolabial folds and periorbital area with HA should be performed when needed.ConclusionsPractical guidance is provided for midfacial volume restoration and rejuvenation of the periocular area based on validated expert consensus recommendations. This will help esthetic facial physicians to achieve optimum outcomes.
Stability, transdermal penetration, and cutaneous effects of ascorbic acid and its derivatives
Authors: Stamford Nicholas P J 
Published: November 2012

SummaryTopically applied antioxidants exert their benefits by offering protection from damaging free radicals and over‐the‐counter cosmeceuticals incorporating antioxidants are among the most popular anti‐aging products available. One potent antioxidant of particular note, vitamin C, has been extensively utilized because it possesses a variety of other cutaneous benefits including photoprotection from UV A & B, neocollagenesis, inhibition of melanogenesis and improvement of a variety of inflammatory skin disorders. However, the instability of this water‐soluble vitamin, together with difficulties associated with its topical delivery, has presented issues for the formulation chemist. This article reviews the scientific data and clinical studies that underpin the stability, percutaneous absorption, and cutaneous effects of vitamin C together with its commonly utilized, commercially available derivatives.
Use of a neuromuscular electrical stimulation device for facial muscle toning: a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Kavanagh Suzane , Newell John , Hennessy Michael , Sadick Neil 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackgroundAge‐related loss of muscle mass contributes to aging of the human face.AimsTo evaluate the effects of a neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) device on facial muscle tone and signs of facial aging in healthy women.Patients/MethodsOne hundred and eight healthy women (mean age 43.7, range 32 to 58–45 years) participated in this randomized, controlled, partially blinded study. Participants were randomized to 12 weeks' treatment with theNMESfacial device (20 min/day, 5 days/week) or to a nonintervention control group. Participants could not alter fitness, diet or facial care routines during the study. Assessments included psychometric evaluations of facial appearance and assessor‐blinded ultrasound measurements of the thickness of the zygomatic major muscle.ResultsMean muscle thickness increasedvs. baseline in theNMESgroup (18.6%) but not the control group. Between‐group differences were significant at 6 and 12 weeks (P = 0.05 andP = 0.0001).NMESusers reported subjective improvements in facial attributes. The control group did not. In an overall evaluation, ≥80% ofNMESusers reported improved firmness, tone and liftvs. <5% of the control group (P < 0.001).ConclusionsA 12‐week course of facialNMESwas associated with increased thickness of the zygomatic major muscle and subjective improvements in facial attributes.
The activity of adenosine deaminase and oxidative stress biomarkers in scraping samples of acne lesions
Authors: Perihan Ozturk , Ergul Kurutas B , Neslihan Dokur , Filiz Atalay 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackgroundAcne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatological diseases, and its pathogenesis is multifactorial. Although there are some reports about role of oxidative stress biomarkers in blood, serum, plasma in the pathogenesis of acne, there has been no report about oxidative stress biomarkers in scraping samples. For this reason, the aim of our study is to determine the role of oxidative stress biomarkers and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in scraping samples of acne lesion and to determine a possible link with the clinical severity. Fifty patients with different severity of acne vulgaris and forty healthy controls were enrolled. In both groups, ADA and oxidative stress biomarkers such as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in scraping samples were measured spectrophotometrically. The levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA, and ADA of patients with acne were higher than the control patients (P < 0.05). ADA and MDA levels in patients with severe acne were significantly higher about two‐ to four‐fold compared with other acne groups (P < 0.05). However, CAT, SOD, and GSH levels were lower in patients with severe acne vulgaris than the others (P < 0.05). Increased antioxidant enzyme levels of scraping samples in patients might be a local response of the organism to increased oxidative stress. Also, we believe that oxidative stress increases in parallel with the disease severity, hence antioxidant therapy may be beneficial if given in addition to the routine treatment of severe acne.
The Mutation of Professionalism as a Contested Diffusion Process: Clinical Guidelines as Carriers of Institutional Change in Medicine
Authors: Adler Paul S. , Kwon Seok‐Woo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Anglo‐American institution of the profession is mutating: we propose to analyse this mutation as a contested diffusion process that spreads new organizing practices among professionals. We offer an integrated account of the roles played in this diffusion/mutation process by facilitating and impeding factors at three levels: individual professionals (their autonomy, expertise, values, identities, and ties), professional organizations (their strategies, structures, cultures, skills, and systems), and the broader institutional field (professional associations, accountability demands, and competition). At the occupational and organizational level, we show how the distinctive and evolving features of professionalism moderate the mechanisms found in prior research on diffusion in other, non‐professional settings; and at the field level, we show how field‐level forces moderate the impact of professionalism on these diffusion dynamics. Changes at each of these levels interact with changes at the others, with influences flowing both downward and upward. We ground and illustrate this theoretical synthesis with evidence from the case of clinical guidelines as carriers of institutional change in the medical profession.
Alternative Pathways of Change in Professional Services Firms: The Case of Management Consulting
Authors: Kipping Matthias , Kirkpatrick Ian 
Published: November 2012

Abstract This paper contributes to the debate about new organizational forms in professional service firms (PSFs) by suggesting an alternative to extant accounts of how change takes place. To explain the displacement of community forms of organizing by more corporate forms, much of the literature has so far focused on intra‐archetype adaptation and evolutionary processes, looking mainly at establishedPSFsin law and accounting. Drawing on ideas from the sociology of professions and institutional theory, we suggest that, in more weakly regulated and open professional fields, change might also come from firms entering from the margins or the outside and bringing with them different models of organizing. We explore this possibility through a historical case study of the management consulting field in theUKover a 50 year period, based on a wide range of data sources. Our study shows that despite good intentions at the outset the main professional association was unable and – increasingly – unwilling to restrict entry. This resulted in growing fragmentation of the field through new entrants and, consequently, in greater diversity of organizational forms. Such findings draw attention not only to alternative pathways of change inPSFs, but also to the importance of distinguishing between professional organizational fields more generally.
Strategy, Discourse and Practice: The Intensification of Power
Authors: Hardy Cynthia , Thomas Robyn 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe adopt a Foucauldian approach to discourse to show how power relations shape the constitution of strategy. By exploring two particular discourses associated with the strategy of a global telecommunications company, our study shows how the power effects of discourses are intensified through particular discursive and material practices, leading to the production of objects and subjects that are clearly aligned with the strategy. In this way, our study contributes to understanding: the mechanisms whereby discourse bears down on strategy through intensification practices; different forms of resistance; and the way in which strategy objects and subjects reproduce (or undermine) discourse.