bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colonic Mucosal Fatty Acid Synthase as an Early Biomarker for Colorectal Neoplasia: Modulation by Obesity and Gender
Authors: Cruz Mart Dela , Wali Ramesh K. , Bianchi Laura K. , Radosevich Andrew J. , Crawford Susan E. , Jepeal Lisa , Goldberg Michael J. , Weinstein Jaclyn , Momi Navneet , Roy Priya , Calderwood Audrey H. , Backman Vadim , Roy Hemant K. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background: We have previously reported that colonic pericryptal microvascular blood flow is augmented in the premalignant colonic epithelium, highlighting the increased metabolic demand of the proliferative epithelium as a marker of field carcinogenesis. However, its molecular basis is unexplored. In this study, we assessed the expression of a regulator of the “lipogenic switch,” fatty acid synthase (FASN), in early colon carcinogenesis for its potential biomarker utility for concurrent neoplasia.
Methods: FASN expression (IHC) in the colonic epithelium from azoxymethane and polyposis in rat colon (Pirc) models of colorectal cancer was studied. FASN mRNA expression from endoscopically normal rectal mucosa was evaluated and correlated with colonoscopic findings (pathologic confirmation of neoplasia).
Results: FASN expression progressively increased from premalignant to malignant stage in the azoxymethane model (1.9- to 2.5-fold; P &lt; 0.0001) and was also higher in the adenomas compared with adjacent uninvolved mucosa (1.8- to 3.4-fold; P &lt; 0.001) in the Pirc model. Furthermore, FASN was significantly overexpressed in rectal biopsies from patients harboring adenomas compared with those with no adenomas. These effects were accentuated in male (∼2-fold) and obese patients (1.4-fold compared with those with body mass index &lt; 30). Overall, the performance of rectal FASN was excellent (AUROC of 0.81).
Conclusions: FASN is altered in the premalignant colonic mucosa and may serve as a marker for colonic neoplasia present elsewhere. The enhanced effects in men and obesity may have implications for identifying patient subgroups at risk for early-onset neoplasia.
Impact: These findings support the role of rectal FASN expression as a reliable biomarker of colonic neoplasia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2413–21. ©2014 AACR.
LincRNA-p21 Regulates Neointima Formation, Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Atherosclerosis by Enhancing p53 Activity
Authors: Wu Gengze , Cai Jin , Han Yu , Chen Jinghai , Huang Zhan-Peng , Chen Caiyu , Cai Yue , Huang Hefei , Yang Yujia , Liu Yukai , Xu Zaicheng , He Duofen , Zhang Xiaoqun , Hu Xiaoyun , Pinello Luca , Zhong Dan , He Fengtian , Yuan Guo-Cheng , Wang Da-Zhi , Zeng Chunyu 
Published: August 2014

Background—
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been implicated in many biological processes and diseases. Atherosclerosis is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the functional role of lncRNAs in atherosclerosis is largely unknown.

Methods and Results—

We identified lincRNA-p21 as a key regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis during atherosclerosis. The expression of lincRNA-p21 was dramatically downregulated in atherosclerotic plaques of ApoE
−/−
mice, an animal model for atherosclerosis. Through loss- and gain-of-function approaches, we showed that lincRNA-p21 represses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells and mouse mononuclear macrophage cells in vitro. Moreover, we found that inhibition of lincRNA-p21 results in neointimal hyperplasia in vivo in a carotid artery injury model. Genome-wide analysis revealed that lincRNA-p21 inhibition dysregulated many p53 targets. Furthermore, lincRNA-p21, a transcriptional target of p53, feeds back to enhance p53 transcriptional activity, at least in part, via binding to mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. The association of lincRNA-p21 and MDM2 releases MDM2 repression of p53, enabling p53 to interact with p300 and to bind to the promoters/enhancers of its target genes. Finally, we show that lincRNA-p21 expression is decreased in patients with coronary artery disease.

Conclusions—
Our studies identify lincRNA-p21 as a novel regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis and suggest that this lncRNA could serve as a therapeutic target to treat atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular disorders.
A New Look at Deformation as a Diagnostic for Large-Scale Flow
Authors: Spensberger Clemens , Spengler Thomas 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Deformation plays a key role in atmospheric dynamics because it provides a dynamical measure of the interaction between different scales, such as in frontogenesis. A climatology of deformation constructed from Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) data (1979–2013) reveals four main processes associated with deformation: 1) frontogenesis at lower levels, 2) movement and evolution of jet streams in the upper troposphere, 3) orographic blocking, and 4) Rossby wave breaking. The merits of deformation as an additional perspective are discussed for these processes on the basis of case studies and composite analyses in conjunction with analytic solutions.
This study shows that deformation can be used to unambiguously detect orographic blocking through the local strength of the flow diversion around orography. Moreover, the deformation signature for orographic blocking observed in case studies and composites closely resembles the analytic solution for two-dimensional flow around an obstacle.
The climatology also reveals that Rossby wave breaking is associated with a characteristic γ-shaped deformation maximum. A composite analysis of this process confirms previous findings that suggested a dynamic link between Rossby wave breaking and dynamic blocking. It is shown that the deformation associated with Rossby wave breaking is aligned with the observed mean deformation upstream and downstream of a blocking high. Therefore, the presented composites illustrate a potential mechanism pinpointing how Rossby wave breaking can act to reinforce the flow diversion around the block.
The Efficacy of Vestibular Rehabilitation in Patients with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Rapid Review
Authors: van der Scheer‐Horst Ellis S. , van Benthem Peter Paul G. , Bruintjes Tjasse D. , van Leeuwen Roeland B. , van der Zaag‐Loonen Hester J. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo systematically review the evidence on the effectiveness of vestibular rehabilitation in addition to a canalith repositioning maneuver in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.Data SourcesA literature search was performed in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, and EMBASE databases.Review MethodsA comprehensive search was performed up to July 2013. Two authors independently scanned the search results to identify randomized controlled trials of vestibular rehabilitation in addition to a canalith repositioning maneuver in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. We included trials that were available in the English language and did not apply publication year or publication status restrictions. Studies were methodologically assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Primary outcome was the effect on vertigo attacks and balance.ResultsOf 76 identified trials, only 2 trials fulfilled our inclusion criteria and were included in this review, involving 106 patients. One study was methodologically weak, the other strong. The studies differed in type of intervention, type of outcome, and follow‐up time. Both studies reported no significant difference in the vertigo intensity between groups. A small effect was found on balance.ConclusionTwo level II studies in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo showed no effect of vestibular rehabilitation in addition to a canalith repositioning maneuver on vertigo intensity and a small, beneficial effect on balance. We therefore conclude that there is no evidence for an effect of vestibular rehabilitation in addition to a canalith repositioning maneuver in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width in Patients With Cryptogenic Stroke
Authors: Vayá Amparo , Hernández Victoriano , Rivera Leonor , Hernández José Luis , Lago Aída , España Francisco , Bautista Daniel 
Published: August 2014

Background: There is no information about a possible association of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) with cryptogenic stroke (CS). We aimed to analyze the association of RDW with CS. Patients and Methods: One hundred and sixty-three patients with CS were included along with 186 healthy controls. Fibrinogen, leukocytes, hemoglobin, and erythrocyte indices were evaluated. Results: Patients showed higher RDW, leukocyte count, and body mass index (BMI) than controls ( P < .05). No differences were observed in the erythrocyte indices or in glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides levels ( P > .05). When patients with anemia were excluded from the study (6 controls and 5 cases), the differences between cases and controls persisted ( P = .005). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that, after adjusting for potential confounders (anemia, age > 40 years, gender, and fibrinogen >382 mg/dL, total cholesterol >240 mg/dL, and BMI > 28.7 kg/m2), RDW >14% was the only parameter that independently increased the risk of CS. Conclusion: The RDW >14% increased the risk of CS by 2.5-fold, irrespectively of anemia, inflammation, and lipidic profile.
Bridle Procedure Combined With a Subtalar Implant
Authors: Flynn James , Wade Allison , Bustillo Jorge , Juliano Paul 
Published: August 2014

Background. The bridle procedure is a tritendon anastomosis between the tibialis posterior, peroneus longus, and tibialis anterior, utilized in the treatment of drop foot. Concerned about the potential for acquired flatfoot deformity following the bridle procedure, the authors hypothesized that placing a sinus tarsi implant would prevent this potential sequela. Materials and Methods. Over a 10-year period, 15 patients (16 feet) were treated with a bridle procedure for drop foot, and 9 of these feet also had a subtalar arthroereisis implanted; 8 patients (9 feet) positively responded to requests for long-term follow-up evaluation and returned for subjective evaluation with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Hindfoot Scale and Short Form (SF)-36 forms and objective clinical and radiographic measurements. Results. At an average follow-up of 61 months, the 8 patients (9 feet) who returned for long-term evaluation maintained a plantigrade foot, were able to dorsiflex above neutral both actively and passively, and did not develop a flatfoot deformity at long-term follow-up. There were no significant differences between those who had a sinus tarsi implant (6 feet) and those who did not (3 feet). Although 7 of the 9 feet evaluated in this study wore a brace preoperatively, none continued to use a brace after surgery. The major complaints were occasional pain at the subtalar arthroereisis site and a feeling that the great toe was dragging. Conclusion. The bridle procedure provided excellent outcomes in patients with drop foot, with patients achieving long-term success in being free from brace wear. The ability to actively dorsiflex the foot during gait was also restored, reestablishing a normal heel-to-toe gait pattern. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case series
Treatment of Stage II Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity With Subtalar Arthroereises
Authors: Zhu Yuan , Xu Xiang-yang 
Published: August 2014

The role of arthroereises in the treatment of adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) has been controversial. This study aims to evaluate the outcome of subtalar arthroereisis in treating stage II AAFD. A total of 24 feet with stage II AAFD were treated surgically between 2009 and 2011 using subtalar arthroereisis. The average follow-up was 29.7 months (range = 24 to 35 months). The average postoperative AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale score was 85.6 (compared with 51.7 preoperatively). Average preoperative talar-first metatarsal angle and talonavicular coverage angle were −13.9° and 38.3°, respectively. The average postoperative angles were 1.6° and 11.2°, respectively (P < .01). No deformity recurrences were found at the time of last follow-up, with the exception of 1 case. Subtalar arthroereisis appears to be a reasonable treatment option for stage IIA and IIC AAFD. It can be used alone to correct mild hindfoot valgus, and it can also be performed with a calcaneal osteotomy to gain more correction in severe stage II AAFD. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Retrospective Case Series
Early Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis Intramedullary Nail for Treatment of a Complex Tibial Pilon Fracture (AO/OTA 43-C)
Authors: Hsu Andrew R. , Szatkowski Jan P. 
Published: August 2014

Management of severely comminuted, complete articular tibial pilon fractures (AO/OTA 43-C) remains a challenge, with few treatment options providing good clinical outcomes. Open reduction and internal fixation of the tibial plafond, tibiotalar arthrodesis, and salvage hindfoot reconstruction procedures are all associated with surgical complications and functional limitations. In this report, we present a case of a complex pilon fracture in a patient with multiple medical comorbidities and socioeconomic disadvantages that was successfully and acutely treated with a retrograde tibiotalocalcaneal hindfoot arthrodesis nail. At final follow-up examination, the patient had decreased pain, a stable plantigrade foot, and could ambulate with normal shoes without any assistive devices. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case series
On minimax programming problems involving right upper-Dini-derivative functions
Authors: Jayswal Anurag , Ahmad Izhar , Kummari Krishna , Al-Homidan Suliman 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we derive necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for a general minimax programming problem involving some classes of generalized convexities with the tool-right upper-Dini-derivative. Moreover, using the concept of optimality conditions, Mond-Weir type duality theory has been developed for such a minimax programming problem.

MSC:26A51, 49J35, 90C32.
Metabolism under hypoxia in Tm1 murine melanoma cells is affected by the presence of galectin-3, a metabolomics approach
Authors: Bacchi Pedro Starzynski , Bloise Antonio Carlos , Bustos Silvina Odete , Zimmermann Lara , Chammas Roger , Rabbani Said Rahnamaye 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMetabolomicshas proven an useful tool for systems biology. Here we have used ametabolomicsapproach to identify conditions in whichde novoexpression of an established tumor marker, galectin-3, would confer a potential selective advantage for melanoma growth and survival. A murine melanoma cell line (Tm1) that lacks galectin-3 was modified to express it or not (Tm1.G2andTm1.N3, respectively). These variant cell line were then exposed to conditions of controlled oxygen tensions and glucose levels. Metabolic profiling of intracellular metabolites of cells exposed to these conditions was obtained in steady state using high resolution1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and multivariate statistical analysis. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra contained a large number of absorption lines from which we were able to distinguish 20 metabolites, 3 fatty acids and some absorption lines and clusters were not identified. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) allowed for the discrimination of 2 experimental conditions in which expression of the tumor marker galectin-3 may play a significant role, namely exposure of cells to hypoxia under high glucose. Interestingly, under all other experimental conditions tested, the cellular system was quite robust. Our results suggest that theMetabolomicsapproach can be used to access information about changes in many metabolic pathways induced in tumorigenic cells and to allow the evaluation of their behavior in controlled environmental conditions or selective pressures.
P2Y2receptor activation by nucleotides released from highly metastatic breast cancer cells increases tumor growth and invasion via crosstalk with endothelial cells
Authors: Jin Hana , Eun So Young , Lee Jong Sil , Park Sang Won , Lee Jae Heun , Chang Ki Churl , Kim Hye Jung 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Extracellular nucleotides are released and detectable in a high concentration within the tumor microenvironment. G protein-coupled P2Y2 nucleotide receptor (P2Y2R) is activated equipotently by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP), which mediate proinflammatory responses such as cell migration and proliferation. However, the role of P2Y2R in the process of cancer metastasis remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of P2Y2R in the proliferation, migration and invasion of highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through crosstalk with endothelial cells (ECs).

Methods
ATP release and P2Y2R activity between high metastatic breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and low metastatic breast cancer cell MCF-7 were compared. Then, the role of P2Y2R on tumor growth and invasion via crosstalk with ECs was examined in vitro, using MDA-MB-231 cells and ECs transfected with control- or P2Y2R-siRNA, and in vivo, using an animal model injected with control-shRNA- or P2Y2R-shRNA-transfected MDA-MB-231 cells.

Results
We found that this highly metastatic breast cancer cell line released higher levels of ATP and showed a higher P2Y2R activity in comparison to a low metastatic breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. In MDA-MB-231 cells, P2Y2R activation by ATP or UTP increased proliferation at 24 or 72 hours, which was abolished by P2Y2R knock-down. In addition, the adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells to ECs and cell migration were both significantly increased by ATP or UTP through the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in MDA-MB-231 or ECs but not in cells where P2Y2R was knocked down. Furthermore, ATP- or UTP-mediated activation of P2Y2R induced MDA-MB-231 invasion through ECs, increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in MDA-MB-231 and induced the phosphorylation of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin in ECs. Tumor growth and metastasis to other tissues were dramatically reduced, and body weight was increased in mice injected with P2Y2R-shRNA-transfected MDA-MB-231 cells compared to mice injected with control shRNA-transfected MDA-MB-231 cells.

Conclusion
This study suggests that P2Y2R may play an important role in cancer metastasis via modulation of the crosstalk between cancer cells and ECs.
There’s life in the old dog yet: vitamin C as a therapeutic option in endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Rodemeister Sandra , Biesalski Hans K 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe use of vitamin C against different diseases has been controversially and emotionally discussed since Linus Pauling published his cancer studies. In vitro and animal studies showed promising results and explained the impact of vitamin C, particularly in cases with endothelial dysfunction. Indeed, studies (reviewed in this issue of Critical Care by Oudemans-van Straaten and colleagues) using high-dose vitamin C and the parenteral route of application seem to be more successful than oral vitamin C delivery.
Biology of breast cancer in young women
Authors: Azim Hatem A , Partridge Ann H 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBreast cancer arising at a young age is relatively uncommon, particularly in the developed world. Several studies have demonstrated that younger patients often experience a more aggressive disease course and have poorer outcome compared to older women. Expression of key biomarkers, including endocrine receptors, HER2 and proliferation markers, appears to be different in younger patients and young women are more likely to harbor a genetic predisposition. Despite these differences, little research to date has focused on the biology of these tumors to refine prognosis, and potentially direct treatment strategies, which remain similar to those offered to older patients. Accumulating evidence suggests the differences in breast stroma in younger patients and changes that occur with pregnancy and breastfeeding likely contribute to the different biology of these tumors. Reproductive behaviors appear to impact the biology of tumors developing later in life. In addition, tumors arising during or shortly following pregnancy appear to exhibit unique biological features. In this review, we discuss our emerging understanding of the biology of breast cancer arising at a young age at both the pathologic and the genomic level. We elucidate the potential role of genomic signatures, the impact of pregnancy and breastfeeding on breast cancer biology, and how even current knowledge might advance the clinical management of young breast cancer patients.
Effect of one year of a gluten-free diet on the clinical evolution of irritable bowel syndrome plus fibromyalgia in patients with associated lymphocytic enteritis: a case-control study
Authors: Rodrigo Luis , Blanco Ignacio , Bobes Julio , de Serres Frederick J 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), lymphocytic enteritis (LE) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) are three common disorders. Since a gluten-free diet (GFD) has been shown to be helpful in LE, we aimed to assess its effect in a series of LE patients also diagnosed with IBS and FMS.

Methods
The study sample comprised 97 IBS plus FMS adult females, of whom 58 had LE (Marsh stage 1), and 39 had a normal duodenal biopsy (Marsh stage 0). All patients fulfilled the Rome III and American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria. All participants followed a GFD, the effectiveness of which was assessed by changes in the results of several tests, including those of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), tender points (TPs), the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) for gastrointestinal complaints, pain and fatigue.

Results
At baseline, all patients had a poor quality of life (QoL) and high VAS scores. After one year on a GFD, all outcome measures were somewhat better in the Marsh stage 1 group, with a mean decrease of 26 to 29% in the TPs, FIQ, HAQ and VAS scales, accompanied by an increase of 27% in the SF-36 physical and mental component scores. However, in the IBS plus FMS/Marsh stage 0 group, the GFD had almost no effect.

Conclusions
This pilot study shows that a GFD in the LE-related IBS/FMS subgroup of patients can produce a slight but significant improvement in all symptoms. Our findings suggest that further studies of this subject are warranted.