bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis Of Rolls Wear During The Ribbed Bars Multi-Slit Rolling Process
Authors: Szota P. , Strycharska D. , Mróz S. , Stefanik A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
An analysis of the roll wear in the multi-strand rolling of reinforced concrete ribbed bars has been made in the study. In the technology under consideration, the longitudinal partition of the band takes place in special slitting passes, while the separation of individual strands – in idle separating rollers. During rolling, the slitting passes undergo fast wear compared to the remaining passes of the rolling line. The paper reports the results of theoretical and experimental examinations, on the basis of which the wear of the slitting passes in the 16 mm-diameter ribbed bar three-strand rolling process has been determined. The theoretical examination was done using the Forge2011® software program, while experimental tests were carried out in a D350 medium-size continuous rolling mill. Based on the analysis of the investigation results, the wear coefficient was established for the slitting passes, which allowed the determination of their quantitative wear.
Forming Of Spherical Titanium Cups From Circular Blanks With Cutouts On The Perimeter
Authors: Lacki P. , Adamus J. , Więckowski W. , Winowiecka J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Despite substantial demand for drawn parts made of high-strength sheet metal (including titanium alloys) observed in the modern industry, particularly automotive and aviation, their application remains insignificant. This results from the fact that such sheet metal shows poor plasticity and its cold-forming is almost impossible. Low drawability makes it impossible to obtain even such simple shapes as spherical cups. The authors of this study developed circular sheet-metal blanks with cutouts on their perimeter. The blanks allow for cold forming of spherical cups from Ti6Al4V titanium alloy sheet metal using conventional rigid tools. The cutouts proposed in the study affect plastic strain distribution, which in turn leads to an increase in forming depth by about 30%. The numerical analysis, performed using the PamStamp 2G System software based on finite element method, was verified experimentally.
Effect Of Natural Convection On Directional Solidification Of Pure Metal
Authors: Skrzypczak T. , Węgrzyn-Skrzypczak E. , Winczek J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe paper is focused on the modeling of the directional solidification process of pure metal. During the process the solidification front is sharp in the shape of the surface separating liquid from solid in three dimensional space or a curve in 2D. The position and shape of the solid-liquid interface change according to time. The local velocity of the interface depends on the values of heat fluxes on the solid and liquid sides. Sharp interface solidification belongs to the phase transition problems which occur due to temperature changes, pressure, etc. Transition from one state to another is discontinuous from the mathematical point of view. Such process can be identified during water freezing, evaporation, melting and solidification of metals and alloys, etc.The influence of natural convection on the temperature distribution and the solid-liquid interface motion during solidification of pure copper is studied. The mathematical model of the process is based on the differential equations of heat transfer with convection, Navier-Stokes equation and the motion of the interface. This system of equations is supplemented by the appropriate initial and boundary conditions. In addition the continuity conditions at the solidification interface must be properly formulated. The solution involves the determination of the temporary temperature and velocity fields and the position of the interface. Typically, it is impossible to obtain the exact solution of such problem. The numerical model of solidification of pure copper in a closed cavity is presented, the influence of the natural convection on the phase change is investigated. Mathematical formulation of the problem is based on the Stefan problem with moving internal boundaries. The equations are spatially discretized with the use of fixed grid by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM). Front advancing technique uses the Level Set Method (LSM). Chorin’s projection method is used to solve Navier-Stokes equation. Such approach makes possible to uncouple velocities and pressure. The Petrov-Galerkin formulation is employed to stabilize numerical solutions of the equations. The results of numerical simulations in the 2D region are discussed and compared to the results obtained from the simulation where movement of the liquid phase was neglected.
An Analysis Of The Industrial Forging Process Of Flange In Order To Reduce The Weight Of The Input Material
Authors: Gronostajski Z. , Hawryluk M. , Kaszuba M. , Misiun G. , Niechajowicz A. , Polak S. , Pawełczyk M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the industrial process of hot forging a flange. The authors developed several thermomechanical models of the forging process for which they carried out computer simulations using the MSC.Marc 2013 software. In the Jawor Forge flanges with a neck are manufactured by hot forging in crank presses with a maximum load of 25 MN. The input material, in the form of a square bar, is heated up to a temperature of 1150°C and then formed in three operations: upsetting, preliminary die forging and finishing die forging. The main aim of the studies and the numerical analyses, in which the geometry of the tools would be modified, was to maximally reduce the amount of the input material taking into account the capabilities of the Jawor Forge, and consequently to significantly reduce the production costs. Besides the Forge’s equipment resources, the main constraint for modifications was the flange-with-neck forging standard which explicitely defines the tolerances for this element. The studies, which included numerical modelling, infrared measurements and technological tests, consisted in changing the geometry of the tools and that of the forging preform. As a result, the optimum direction for modifications aimed at reducing the mass of the input material was determined. The best of the solutions, making it possible to produce a correct forging in the Jawor Forge operating conditions, were adopted whereby the weight of the preform was reduced by 6.11%. Currently research is underway aimed at the application of the proposed and verified modifications to other flange forgings.
Processing And Properties Of MAX Phases – Based Materials Using SHS Technique
Authors: Chlubny L. , Lis J. , Chabior K. , Chachlowska P. , Kapusta C. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Authors present results of works on the interesting new group of advanced ceramics called MAX phases – Ti-based ternary carbides and nitrides. They have an original layered structure involved highly anisotropic properties laying between ceramics and metals, with high elastic modulus, low hardness, very high fracture toughness and high electrical and heat conductivity. Using Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS) in the combustion regime it is possible to prepare MAX phases-rich powders that can be used as the precursors for preparation of dense MAX polycrystals by presureless sintering or hot-pressing. Different novel Ti-based phases with layered structures, namely: Ti3AlC2 and Ti2AlC have been synthesized in a combustion regime. The possibility of controlling of combustion phenomena for obtaining near single-phase products is discussed in details as well as some of properties of the materials tested as structure and functional ceramics.
Effects Of T6 Heat Treatment With Double Solution Treatment On Microstructure, Hardness And Corrosion Resistance Of Cast Al-Si-Cu Alloy
Authors: Wiengmoon A. , Sukchot P. , Tareelap N. , Pearce J.T.H. , Chairuangsri T. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Effects of T6 heat treatment with double solution treatment on microstructure, hardness and corrosion resistance of a cast A319 (Al-4.93wt%Si-3.47wt%Cu) alloy were investigated. The T6 heat treatment comprised of the first solution treatment at 500±5°C for 8 h, the second solution treatment in the temperature range of 510 to 530±5°C for 2 h followed by water quenching (80°C), and artificial aging at 170°C for 24 h followed by water quenching (80°C). Microstructure of the alloy was studied by optical microscopy and electron microscopy, Rockwell hardness was measured, and corrosion resistance in 0.1 M NaCl aqueous solution was determined by a potentiodynamic technique. The results revealed that the T6 heat treatment with double solution treatment led to an improvement in corrosion resistance and comparable macrohardness as compared to those obtained from the case of single solution treatment. The second solution treatment at 520°C is the optimum leading to relatively low corrosion current density without substantial drawbacks on breakdown potential or the width of passive range.
Fabrication Of YSZ Thin Film By Electrochemical Deposition Method And The Effect Of The Pulsed Electrical Fields For Morphology Control
Authors: Fujita T. , Saiki A. , Hashizume T. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this study, surface morphology control ions in a precursor solution and patterning the YSZ film has been carried out during deposition of thin film from a precursor solution by applying the electrical field for deposition and the pulsed electrical field. The precursor solution was mixed them of ZrO(NO3)4, Y(NO3)3-6H2O into deionized water, and then was controlled nearly pH3 by adding NH3(aq). The thin film was deposited on the glass substrate of the minus electrode side by applying the electrical field of 3.0 V for 20 min. In addition, another pulsed voltage was applied to the electrical field along the perdicular direction to the film deposition direction. After annealing samples at 773 K for 6 h in air, the film was crystallized and obtained YSZ film. In the limited condition, the linear patterns of YSZ films due to the frequency of the applied electrical field were observed. It is expected that ions in a precursor solution are controlled by applying the pulsed voltage and the YSZ film is patterned on the substrate.
Synthesis Of Fe Doped LiMn2O4 Cathode Materials For Li Battery By Solid State Reaction
Authors: Horata N. , Hashizume T. , Saiki A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
LiFe0.1Mn1.9O4 is expected as a cathode material for the rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. LiMn2O4 has been received attention because this has advantages such as low cost and low toxicity compared with other cathode materials of LiCoO2 and LiNiO2. However, LiMn2O4 has some problems such as small capacity and no long life. LiMn2O4 is phase transformation at around human life temperature. One of the methods to overcome this problem is to stabilize the spinel structure by substituting Mn site ion in LiMn2O4 with transition metals (Al, Mg, Ti, Ni, Fe, etc.). LiFe0.1Mn1.9O4 spinel was synthesized from Li2CO3, Fe2O3 and MnO2 powder. The purpose of this study is to report the optimal condition of Fe doped LiFe0.1Mn1.9O4. Li2CO3, Fe2O3, and MnO2 mixture powder was heated up to 1173 K by TG-DTA. Li2CO3 was thermal decomposed, and CO2 gas evolved, and formed Li2O at about 800 K. LiFe0.1Mn1.9O4 was synthesized from a consecutive reaction Li2O, Fe2O3 and MnO2 at 723 ~ 1023 K. Active energy is calculated to 178 kJmol−1 at 723 ~ 1023 K. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the LiFe0.1Mn1.9O4 heated mixture powder at 1023 K for 32 h in air flow was observed.
Mechanical Properties And Microstructure Of AlN/SiCN Nanocomposite Coatings Prepared By R.F.-Reactive Sputtering Method
Authors: Nakafushi Y. , Matsuda K. , Nose M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
FIn this work, AlN/SiCN composite coatings were deposited by r.f.-reactive sputtering method using a facing target-type sputtering (FTS) apparatus with composite targets consisting of Al plate and SiC chips in a gaseous mixture of Ar and N2, and investigated their mechanical properties and microstructure. The indentation hardness (HIT) of AlN/SiCN coatings prepared from composite targets consisting of 8 ~32 chips of SiC and Al plate showed the maximum value of about 29~32 GPa at a proper nitrogen gas flow rate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for the AlN/SiCN composite coatings indicated the presence of the only peeks of hexagonal (B4) structured AlN phase. AlN coatings clarified the columnar structure of the cross sectional view TEM observation. On the other hand, microstructure of AlN/SiCN composite coatings changed from columnar to equiaxed structure with increasing SiCN content. HR-TEM observation clarified that the composite coatings consisted of very fine equiaxial grains of B4 structured AlN phase and amorphous phase.
The Influence Of The Way Of Alumina Addition On Properties Improvement Of 3YSZ Material
Authors: Drożdż E. , Jelonek M. , Wyrwa J. , Rękas M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractYttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is the best known ceramic-oxide material employed as a component of either solid electrolyte or anode cermet material for intermediate solid oxide fuel cell (IT - SOFC). The properties of traditionally produced (by mechanical mixing of oxides) Al2O3/3YSZ composite with the same composition materials obtained by citrate and impregnation methods and with properties of pure tetragonal zirconia (3YSZ) were compared. The materials were characterised by X-ray diffraction, SEM observations with EDX analysis, density and impedance spectroscopy measurements. The results shown that Al2O3/3YSZ composites reveals higher conductivity than pure 3YSZ and that addition of alumina (regardless of methods) improve electric properties of resulting materials. Taking into account application of this materials as anode in IT-SOFC the determined values of energy activation of conductivity and microstructural properties of composites show that materials obtained by citric method are the most promising.
Corrosion Resistance Of Electroless Ni-P/Cu/Ni-P Multilayer Coatings
Authors: Zhao G.L. , Zou Y. , Hao Y.L. , Zou Z.D. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Ni-P/Cu/Ni-P multilayer coatings were prepared by deposition of Cu layer between two Ni–P layers. The Cu layer was deposited by metal displacement reaction between Cu2+ and Fe atoms. Corrosion behavior of single-layer Ni-P coatings, double-layer Ni-P/Cu coatings, and three-layer Ni-P/Cu/Ni-P coatings were investigated by electrochemical tests in 3.5% NaCl solution. The three-layer coatings exhibited more positive Ecorr and decreased Icorr compared with conventional single-layer Ni-P coatings, which indicated an improved corrosion resistance. The polarization curves of the three-layer coatings were characterized by two passive regions. The improved corrosion resistance was not only attributed to the function of the blocked pores of Cu. The Cu interlayer also acted as a sacrificial layer instead of a barrier in the coatings, which altered the corrosion mechanism and further improved the corrosion resistance of the coatings.
The MWCNTs-Rh Nanocomposite Obtained By The New High-Temperature Method
Authors: Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz A.D. , Cichocki D. , Łukowiec D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA nanocomposite was fabricated during the research undertaken, consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated with rhodium nanoparticles by the new high-temperature method being the subject of the patent claim. High quality multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with the length of 100÷500 nm and the diameter of 8÷20 nm obtained in advance with Catalytic Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) were employed in the investigations. The nanotubes manufactured under the own research contain small amounts of metallic impurities and amorphous carbon deposits. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalisation in acids was applied to deposit rhodium nanoparticles onto the surface of carbon nanotubes, and then the material was placed in a solution being a precursor of rhodium nanoparticles. The material prepared was next placed in a quartz vessel and subjected to high-temperature reduction in the atmosphere of argon to deposit rhodium nanoparticles onto the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The following examinations were performed, respectively: MWCNTs fabrication, fabrication of a CNT-NPs (Carbon NanoTube-NanoParticles) nanocomposite material; the characterisation of the materials produced including examination of the structure and morphology, and the assessment of rhodium nanoparticles distribution on the surface of carbon nanotubes. Micro- and spectroscopy techniques were employed to characterise the structure of the nanocomposites obtained.
Fabrication Of Scaffolds From Ti6Al4V Powders Using The Computer Aided Laser Method
Authors: Dobrzański L.A. , Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz A.D. , Malara P. , Gaweł T.G. , Dobrzański L.B. , Achtelik-Franczak A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe aim of the research, the results of which are presented in the paper, is to fabricate, by Selective Laser Melting (SLM), a metallic scaffold with Ti6Al4V powder based on a virtual model corresponding to the actual loss of a patient’s craniofacial bone. A plaster cast was made for a patient with a palate recess, and the cast was then scanned with a 3D scanner to create a virtual 3D model of a palate recess, according to which a 3D model of a solid implant was created using specialist software. The virtual 3D solid implant model was converted into a 3D porous implant model after designing an individual shape of the unit cell conditioning the size and three-dimensional shape of the scaffold pores by multiplication of unit cells. The data concerning a virtual 3D porous implant model was transferred into a selective laser melting (SLM) device and a metallic scaffold was produced from Ti6Al4V powder with this machine, which was subjected to surface treatment by chemical etching. An object with certain initially adopted assumptions, i.e. shape and geometric dimensions, was finally achieved, which perfectly matches the patient bone recesses. The scaffold created was subjected to micro-and spectroscopic examinations.
Application Of Active Screen Method For Ion Nitriding Efficiency Improvement
Authors: Ogórek M. , Frączek T. , Skuza Z. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Paper presents the research of austenitic steel AISI 304 after ion nitriding at 400°C and at t =4h, for the two different variants of samples distribution in the working plasma reactive chamber tube. In order to assess the effectiveness of ion nitriding variants emission spectroscopy – GDOES, surface hardness tests, microstructure research (LM) of nitrided layers were made. It has been found that the use of active screens increases the surface layer thickness and depth of nitrogen diffusion into austenitic steel 304.
Hot Deformation Of 6xxx Series Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Mrówka-Nowotnik G. , Sieniawski J. , Kotowski S. , Nowotnik A. , Motyka M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The hot deformation behavior of the 6xxx aluminum alloys was investigated by compression tests in the temperature range 100°C-375°C and strain rate range 10−4s−1 and 4×10−4s−1 using dilatometer DIL 805 BÄHR Thermoanalyse equipped with accessory attachment deformation allows the process to execute thermoplastic in vacuum and inert gas atmosphere. Associated microstructural changes of characteristic states of examined alloys were studied by using the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the stress level decreases with increasing deformation temperature and deformation rate. And was also found that the activation energy Q strongly depends on both, the temperature and rate of deformation. The results of TEM observation showing that the dynamic flow softening is mainly as the result of dynamic recovery and recrystallization of 6xxx aluminium alloys.
Applications Of Mechanical Spectroscopy To Industrial Materials
Authors: Schaller R. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The paper is a review of original results, which were obtained by mechanical spectroscopy in the development of industrial materials, such as grey cast iron (damping capacity), aluminum alloys (recrystallization), nickel alloys (grain boundary embrittlement) and gold alloys (hardening mechanisms). Moreover it is shown that the study of grain boundary sliding at high temperature has led to the development of new grades of zirconia exhibiting a high toughness and a good resistance to creep. It is also recalled that mechanical spectroscopy has been a mandatory technique in the development of light metallic materials, which exhibit simultaneously good mechanical properties and a high damping capacity, and are consequently well suited to transport means.
Model Research On Synthesis Of Al2O3-C Layers By MOCVD
Authors: Sawka A. , Kwatera A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
These are model studies whose aim is to obtain information that would allow development of new technology for synthesizing monolayers of Al2O3-C with adjusted microstructure on cemented carbides. The Al2O3-C layer will constitute an intermediate layer on which the outer layer of Al2O3 without carbon is synthesized. The purpose of the intermediate layer is to block the cobalt diffusion to the synthesized outer layer of Al2O3 and to stop the diffusion of air oxygen to the substrate during the synthesis of the outer layer. This layer should be thin, continuous, dense and uniform in thickness.
Al2O3-C layers were synthesized from aluminum acetylacetonate by the CVD method on quartz glass heated in an induction furnace in the temperature range 800-1000°C using argon as a carrier for the reactants. The layers were prepared also at low temperatures and were then subjected to crystallization at higher temperatures. The resulting layers prepared at temperatures above 900°C were nanocrystalline (including the α-Al2O3 phase). Due to the fact that crystallization can be controlled, we may have a greater influence on the structure and thus the properties of the layer compared to direct synthesis at high temperature.
Infiltration Behavior Of Mechanical Alloyed 75 wt% Cu-25 wt% WC Powders Into Porous WC Compacts
Authors: Şelte A. , Özkal B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this work infiltration behavior of mechanical alloyed 75 wt% Cu – 25 wt% WC powders into porous WC compacts were studied. Owing to their ductile nature, initial Cu powders were directly added to mechanical alloying batch. On the other hand initial WC powders were high energy milled prior to mechanical alloying. Contact infiltration method was selected for densification and compacts prepared from processed powders were infiltrated into porous WC bodies. After infiltration, samples were characterized via X-Ray diffraction studies and microstructural evaluation of the samples was carried out via scanning electron microscopy observations. Based on the lack of solubility between WC and Cu it was possible to keep fine WC particles in Cu melt since solution reprecipitation controlled densification is hindered. Also microstructural characterizations via scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the transport of fine WC fraction from infiltrant to porous WC skeleton can be carried out via Cu melt flow during infiltration.