bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy filters of BE-algebras
Authors: Dymek Grzegorz , Walendziak Andrzej 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Characterizations of fuzzy filters in a BE-algebra are established. Conditions for a fuzzy set to be a fuzzy filter are given. For a fuzzy set µ the least fuzzy filter containing µ is constructed. The homomorphic properties of fuzzy filters of a BE-algebra are provided. Finally, characterizations of Noetherian BE-algebras and Artinian BE-algebras via fuzzy filters are obtained.
Clean unital ℓ-groups
Authors: Hager Anthony , Kimber Chawne , McGovern Warren 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A ring with identity is said to be clean if every element can be written as a sum of a unit and an idempotent. The study of clean rings has been at the forefront of ring theory over the past decade. The theory of partially-ordered groups has a nice and long history and since there are several ways of relating a ring to a (unital) partially-ordered group it became apparent that there ought to be a notion of a clean partially-ordered group. In this article we define a clean unital lattice-ordered group; we state and prove a theorem which characterizes clean unital ℓ-groups. We mention the relationship of clean unital ℓ-groups to algebraic K-theory. In the last section of the article we generalize the notion of clean to the non-unital context and investigate this concept within the framework of W-objects, that is, archimedean ℓ-groups with distinguished weak order unit.
A comparison of supraglacial lake observations derived from MODIS imagery at the western margin of the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Leeson Amber A. , Shepherd Andrew , Sundal Aud V. , Malin Johansson A. , Selmes Nick , Briggs Kate , Hogg Anna E. , Fettweis Xavier 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSupraglacial lakes (SGLs) affect the dynamics of the Greenland ice sheet by storing runoff and draining episodically. We investigate the evolution of SGLs as reported in three datasets, each based on automated classification of satellite imagery. Although the datasets span the period 2001–10, there are differences in temporal sampling, and only the years 2005–07 are common. By subsampling the most populous dataset, we recommend a sampling frequency of one image per 6.5 days in order to minimize uncertainty associated with poor temporal sampling. When compared with manual classification of satellite imagery, all three datasets are found to omit a sizeable (29, 48 and 41 %) fraction of lakes and are estimated to document the average size of SGLs to within 0.78, 0.48 and 0.95 km2. We combine the datasets using a hierarchical scheme, producing a single, optimized, dataset. This combined record reports up to 67% more lakes than a single dataset. During 2005–07, the rate of SGL growth tends to follow the rate at which runoff increases in each year. In 2007, lakes drain earlier than in 2005 and 2006 and remain absent despite continued runoff. This suggests that lakes continue to act as open surface–bed conduits following drainage.
3D electrical resistivity tomography to locate DNAPL contamination around a housing estate
Authors: Naudet V. , Gourry J.C. , Girard F. , Mathieu F. , Saada A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA 3D electrical resistivity survey is carried out downstream of a former coal refinery plant in France to determine the spatial extent of a DNAPL contaminant plume and to optimize the implantation of further boreholes. The site, which is located in the north of France, is the subject of an extensive conventional site investigation including the characterization of the contaminant source and natural attenuation monitoring of the plume. Previous geochemical and geophysical studies including 2D electrical resistivity profiles have shown a possible migration of the contaminant plume toward a housing estate, where no geochemical boreholes have been drilled. The purpose of this study was to achieve a real 3D imaging of the subsoil to locate the extent of the contaminant plume above the housing estate and determine the location of new boreholes. As geophysical measurements are difficult to perform in such an urban environment, a new electrical campaign was realized with innovative acquisition geometries and arrangement of surface electrodes in an L‐shape, disposing electrodes in lines around the housing estate. Data were inverted in 3D with ERTLab software from Multi‐Phase Technologies and Geostudi Astier. Results show a conductive plume emanating from old tar ponds and a slag heap that spreads through the housing estate. Based on these results, new boreholes were drilled in the housing estate, which confirm the extent of the contaminant plume estimated from the 3D electrical resistivity survey.
A comparison study of different image appraisal tools for electrical resistivity tomography
Authors: Caterina David , Beaujean Jean , Robert Tanguy , Nguyen Frédéric 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTTo date, few studies offer a quantitative comparison of the performance of image appraisal tools. Moreover, there is no commonly accepted methodology to handle them even though it is a crucial aspect for reliable interpretation of geophysical images. In this study, we compare quantitatively different image appraisal indicators to detect artefacts, estimate depth of investigation, address parameters resolution and appraise ERT‐derived geometry. Among existing image appraisal tools, we focus on the model resolution matrix (), the cumulative sensitivity matrix () and the depth of investigation index () that are regularly used in the literature. They are first compared with numerical models representing different geological situations in terms of heterogeneity and scale and then used on field data sets. The numerical benchmark shows that indicators based on and are the most appropriate to appraise ERT images in terms of the exactitude of inverted parameters, providing mainly qualitative information. In parallel, we test two different edge detection algorithms – Watershed’s and Canny’s algorithms – on the numerical models to identify the geometry of electrical structures in ERT images. From the results obtained, Canny’s algorithm seems to be the most reliable to help practitioners in the interpretation of buried structures.On this basis, we propose a methodology to appraise field ERT images. First, numerical benchmark models representing simplified cases of field ERT images are built using available a priori information. Then, ERT images are produced for these benchmark models (all simulated acquisition and inversion parameters being the same). The comparison between the numerical benchmark models and their corresponding ERT images gives the errors on inverted parameters. These discrepancies are then evaluated against the appraisal indicators ( and ) allowing the definition of threshold values. The final step consists in applying the threshold values on the field ERT images and to validate the results with a posteriori knowledge. The developed approach is tested successfully on two field data sets providing important information on the reliability of the location of a contamination source and on the geometry of a fractured zone. However, quantitative use of these indicators remains a difficult task depending mainly on the confidence level desired by the user. Further research is thus needed to develop new appraisal indicators more suited for a quantitative use and to improve the quality of inversion itself.
Soil resistivity monitoring of an irrigation experiment
Authors: Dahlin Torleif , Aronsson Pär , Thörnelöf Mats 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTResistivity measurements were used for tracing water transport during a three‐year irrigation study. Three different rates of landfill leachate irrigation and one control treatment were applied to two cultivars of short‐rotation willow coppice. Groundwater level measurements and water sampling were carried out in pipes installed in the centre of each plot. Resistivity was measured with permanently installed electrodes along six lines running through the centre of the plots. The resistivity results were inverted to produce vertical sections of ground resistivity at different time steps and as change in resistivity relative to the start of the experiment. Changes in resistivity linked to differences in irrigation quantities and plant growth were observed. The results showed that a repeated soil resistivity measurement has the potential as a tool to monitor changes in soil water and ion contents. Furthermore, expanding zones of increasing soil resistivity immediately under and around the plants indicate that the method may be useful for imaging plant root development.
Mapping of quick clay using geoelectrical imaging and CPTU‐resistivity
Authors: Dahlin Torleif , Löfroth Hjördis , Schälin David , Suer Pascal 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTQuick clay has a major impact on landslide risk and it is therefore of considerable interest to map its presence and extent. In Sweden, quick clay has been involved in most landslides in soft clay with serious consequences. The predominant method for detection of quick clay in Sweden has been to take undisturbed samples and to perform fall‐cone tests on the clay in its undisturbed and remoulded state. Originally deposited in saltwater in a marine environment, the salt maintains the stability of the clay. When the salt is leached out, the clay can become quick. When salt is leached from clay of marine origin the resistivity increases. In this study the intention was to calibrate electrical imaging with cone penetration tests with resistivity measurements (CPTU‐R) and measurement of the total penetration resistance, i.e. the total rod friction, together with both geotechnical and chemical analyses on specimens in the laboratory.The results show that electrical imaging can be used for separation of leached soil volumes in marine clays that may form quick clay, from those where the salt content remains too high for this. In the dry crust and thin weathered zone at the top, the resistivity is high but the clay is non‐quick. Also soils with less clay content will have higher resistivity without being quick. The technique may thus be used as a screening tool in order to delimit areas where further investigations are needed from areas that do not require more attention. This has a potential of saving significant resources if used in a relatively early stage of the survey process. It can also increase the overall quality and reliability of the survey results.The induced polarization (IP) results are consistent and seem to be geologically realistic, and appear to contain additional information to the resistivity that is related to material or electrochemical properties, although it is not clear how due to lack of sufficiently detailed reference data.The electrical imaging gives a general picture of the variation in resistivity along soil sections. The CPTU‐R gives variations at depth with very high vertical resolution in one specific location. There is generally good agreement between the models based on electrical imaging and the CPTU‐R. The CPTU‐R results may be used to calibrate the electrical imaging results with quick clay estimations based on rod friction.
Assessment of aggregate resources: an integrated geophysical approach
Authors: O’Driscoll R. , Stuart G. , Tuckwell G. , Sergeant J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTFluvio‐glacial sand and gravel provide an important resource for the construction industry. The efficient and economic extraction of such geologically complex deposits requires a detailed understanding of their grade distribution. This is typically undertaken as point observations over the resource using a borehole drilling programme. We investigate the viability of using measurements of the elastic and electrical properties of the subsurface, derived from geophysical profiles, to determine the spatial variability of aggregate quality.A refraction seismic, surface wave seismic and resistivity survey was carried out over a fluvioglacial sand and gravel deposit at Scorton, Yorkshire, UK, on agricultural land adjacent to an active quarry. Two 190 m profiles, with borehole control at their extremes, were acquired with a 2 m source and receiver spacing. The P‐ and S‐wave velocities ( and ), together with resistivity and depth distributions were determined down to c. 20 m. The subsurface was divided into four layers: uncon‐solidated sand and gravel; dry consolidated sand and gravel; saturated sand and gravel; and basal clay.The work flow initially involved processing and interpreting the three geophysical techniques independently. Crossplots of the elastic and electrical parameters were used to distinguish unconsolidated from consolidated material; the water table; increased silt content; and recognize the basal clay. The Vp/Vs ratio proved very powerful at discriminating fine material () from coarse material (Vp/Vs ~ 1.5). Regression analysis of crossplots produced P‐ and S‐wave relationships for the material, while electro‐acoustic relationships were less successful, especially below the water table. The results of the petrophysical analysis were used to set up guided inversions for the resistivity survey. Careful use of the refraction results as an a priori model for the resistivity survey was found to improve the resistivity inversion, though use of a sharp boundary introduced edge effects at the water table.The results from the integrated analysis were combined with the guided inversions into a final interpretation that enabled silt content, particle size and clay lenses to be mapped, which were not identified in the separately processed data.
Narrándose en la flexibilidad. Un análisis narrativo discursivo de la identidad en tiempos de flexibilidad laboral
Authors: Sisto Vicente , Fardella Carla 
Published: October 2013

El vínculo laboral se ha hecho cada vez más flexible, transformando con ello la relación que establece el sujeto con lo social a través del trabajo. Si el trabajo fue considerado por la teoría social moderna como el principal mecanismo de integración social, a través del cual los sujetos obtienen su lugar como actores sociales, hoy esto está cambiando radicalmente. Las nuevas formas de ordenamiento social que se imponen a través del trabajo tienen como correlato la producción de nuevas subjetividades y, con ello, nuevas formas de ser actor social. La investigación que aquí se presenta asume una perspectiva narrativa discursiva, con el fin de abordar los relatos identitarios como formas de acción que nos posicionan como actores sociales. Desde esta perspectiva, se aborda la emergencia de nuevas formas de identidad bajo este orden laboral. Para ello nos hemos centrado en adultos jóvenes profesionales, considerados como los mejor posicionados para integrarse socialmente en este nuevo orden laboral. Mediante análisis del discurso, fueron analizadas 32 entrevistas. Tal como se apreciará, la figura del emprendedor libre elector, autor de su propia trayectoria, constituye el eje que estructura las narrativas, coincidiendo con algunos estudios sociológicos. Sin embargo, el estudio muestra que este eje es tensionado, indicando también cómo dicha tensión es resuelta por este trabajo de construirse a sí mismo respondiendo al orden social contingente.
Histórico, Personal y Político: Psicología y Revolución
Authors: Parker Ian 
Published: October 2013

El desarrollo de la psicología se ha visto interrumpido, a menudo, por eventos históricos que escapan a su control, los que hasta el día de hoy marcan esta disciplina. En vez de tratar las revoluciones simplemente como vestigios históricos de tiempos pasados, podemos considerarlas como elementos claves en la memoria colectiva de la psicología y examinarlas como parte de la "historia del presente". La historia convencional de la psicología es una versión parcial, elaborada desde un punto de vista particular, y la forma en que nosotros la volvemos a relatar, desde la perspectiva de los oprimidos, tiene consecuencias para cómo pensamos en nosotros mismos. Este capítulo trata de las revoluciones que obligaron a los psicólogos a repensar su quehacer, y sobre cómo las ideas radicales que en algún momento afectaron la disciplina perviven en la actualidad.
Revalorización del movimiento anti-manicomial de Franco Basaglia
Authors: Montecchi Leonardo 
Published: October 2013

La trayectoria vital de Franco Basaglia se entrecruza con el movimiento de los años 60/70 en Italia y en el mundo. Si hoy pensamos en las formas de aquel movimiento debemos, en primer lugar, ubicarnos para dar cuenta del punto de vista desde el cual provienen nuestras observaciones.
Pulmonary embolism in young people
Authors: Santosa F. , Moysidis T. , Moerchel C. , Bufe A. , Kröger K. 
Published: October 2013

Zusammenfassung
Ziele: Es gibt eine anhaltende Diskussion über die Auswirkungen der hormonalen Kon-trazeption auf die Inzidenz von venösen Thromboembolien (VTE) bei jungen Frauen. Spezifische Daten für die Größe des Problems und ihre Veränderungen in den letzten Jahren in Deutschland sind nicht verfügbar. Daher untersuchten wir die Häufigkeit von VTE bei hospitalisierten jungen Menschen und analysierten geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede.
Patienten und Methoden: Detaillierte Listen aller Lungenembolien (LE), kodiert als I26, und tiefer Venenthrombosen (TVT), kodiert als I80, bei Patienten im Alter von 10 bis 39 Jahre, die in den Jahren 2005 bis 2011 ins Krankenhaus eingeliefert worden waren, stellte das Statistische Bundesamt zur Verfügung.
Ergebnisse: Beginnend im Alter von 12–13 Jahren wurde für Frauen im Vergleich zu Männern eine höhere Anzahl von LE und TVT als Hauptdiagnose dokumentiert. Dieser geschlechtsspezifische Unterschied verschwindet im Alter von 32–33 Jahren. Dieser Unterschied in der Gesamtzahl der LE als Hauptdiagnose zwischen Männern und Frau-en innerhalb dieses Lebensabschnitts von 20 Jahre erhöhte sich von 318 in 2005 auf 606 im Jahr 2010 und sank auf 505 im Jahr 2011. Die Differenzierung in LE mit und ohne akutes cor pulmonale zeigte insbesondere eine spezifische Erhöhung der LE ohne akutes cor pulmonale bei jungen Frauen innerhalb dieser sieben Jahre. Ähnliche Änderungen konnten nicht für TVT als Hauptdiagnose gezeigt werden.
Schlussfolgerung: Die präsentierten Daten aus der deutschen DRG-Statistik zeigen einen dysproportional höheren Anstieg der Hospitalisierung junger Frauen mit Lungenembolie als Hauptdiagnose in den vergangenen Jahren. Die möglichen Ursachen der hormonalen Kon-trazeption für diesen Anstieg müssen weiter aufgeklärt werden.
Englobement et autonégation
Authors: Tremblay Jacynthe 
Published: October 2013

L’intérêt de Nishida Kitarō (1870-1945) pour la théologie chrétienne répond à un but essentiellement philosophique. À travers son utilisation de thèmes théologiques, il s’efforça d’approfondir ses propres concepts philosophiques et de montrer qu’une juste compréhension du fait religieux repose sur une compréhension adéquate de sa « logique du lieu » (場所的論理, basho-teki ronri). Il parvint ainsi à établir une chose très importante pour la compréhension de l’être humain : le soi est un lieu. Non limité au statut de sujet connaissant classifiant des objets de connaissance et détaché de l’aspect intuitif de la connaissance, le soi devient le lieu même de la rencontre avec Dieu. Il peut alors se posséder dans ce qui le dépasse absolument au fondement de lui-même et s’affirmer, comme le fait Dieu lui-même, au sein de l’autonégation, devenant alors un individu véritable ou un soi véritable.
Le problème du mal et du péché selon Nishitani
Authors: Stevens Bernard 
Published: October 2013

Il s’agit d’un exposé de la manière dont Nishitani présente la question du mal et du péché dans Qu’est-ce que la religion ?, tâchant de montrer que cette question joue un rôle essentiel dans l’approfondissement de la prise de conscience en direction du néant et de la vacuité. Afin de mieux mettre en perspective la pensée de Nishitani, celle-ci est brièvement comparée à celle de Paul Ricoeur à propos de la même problématique. La mise en relief de leurs positions métaphysiques divergentes permet de constater que le « penser plus et autrement », qu’induit l’aporie du mal, les conduit à des positions finalement très proches.
Mahāyāna Emptiness or « Absolute Nothingness » ?
Authors: Keenan John P. 
Published: October 2013

Abe Masao’s contribution to late twentieth-century Buddhist-Christian dialogue was important in opening new avenues of interfaith understanding. However, some clarity in this dialogue was sacrificed when Christian participants were given to believe that they encountered « the Buddhist view » in Abe’s presentations. The present article contends that in significant ways Abe represented only the Kyōto School philosophy that drew on earlier Japanese philosophers of Absolute Nothingness and their appropriation of Zen enlightenment as the locus for all religious understanding, a place where all negation and affirmation are simultaneously affirmed and denied. The present article contends that Abe’s Kyōto School philosophy does not represent the broad classical traditions of Mahāyāna Buddhism, wherein emptiness does not mean absolute nothingness, but the dependent arising of all places and all philosophies.
The seasonal cycle of planetary boundary layer depth determined using COSMIC radio occultation data
Authors: Chan Ka Man , Wood Robert 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe seasonal cycle of planetary boundary layer (PBL) depth is examined globally using observations from the Constellation Observing System for the Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) satellite mission. COSMIC uses GPS radio occultation to derive the vertical profile of refractivity at high vertical resolution (~100 m). Here, we apply an algorithm to determine PBL top height and thus PBL depth from the maximum vertical gradient of refractivity. PBL top detection is sensitive to hydrolapses at nonpolar latitudes but to both hydrolapses and temperature jumps in polar regions. The PBL depths and their seasonal cycles compare favorably with selected radiosonde‐derived estimates at tropical, midlatitude, and Antarctic sites, adding confidence that COSMIC can effectively provide estimates of seasonal cycles globally. PBL depth over extratropical land regions peaks during summer consistent with weak static stability and strong surface sensible heating. The subtropics and tropics exhibit a markedly different cycle that largely follows the seasonal march of the Intertropical Convergence Zone with the deepest PBLs associated with dry phases, again suggestive that surface sensible heating deepens the PBL and that wet periods exhibit shallower PBLs. Marine PBL depth has a somewhat similar seasonal march to that over continents but is weaker in amplitude and is shifted poleward. The maximum seasonal amplitude over oceans occurs over the Arctic. Over subtropical/tropical oceans there is seasonal asymmetry about the equator, with winter maxima in the Northern Hemisphere but fall maxima in the south. The seasonal march of PBL depth is largely modulated by the seasonal cycle of static stability in the extratropics and by the monsoon circulations at tropical and subtropical latitudes.