bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of surface controls on overland flow connectivity in semi‐arid environments: results from a numerical experimental approach
Authors: Reaney S. M. , Bracken L. J. , Kirkby M. J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn semi‐arid environments, the characteristics of the land surface determine how rainfall is transformed into surface runoff and influences how this runoff moves from the hillslopes into river channels. Whether or not water reaches the river channel is determined by the hydrological connectivity. This paper uses a numerical experiment‐based approach to systematically assess the effects of slope length, gradient, flow path convergence, infiltration rates and vegetation patterns on the generation and connectivity of runoff. The experiments were performed with the Connectivity of Runoff Model, 2D version distributed, physically based, hydrological model. The experiments presented are set within a semi‐arid environment, characteristic of south‐eastern Spain, which is subject to low frequency high rainfall intensity storm events. As a result, the dominant hydrological processes are infiltration excess runoff generation and surface flow dynamics. The results from the modelling experiments demonstrate that three surface factors are important in determining the form of the discharge hydrograph: the slope length, the slope gradient and the infiltration characteristics at the hillslope‐channel connection. These factors are all related to the time required for generated runoff to reach an efficient flow channel, because once in this channel, the transmission losses significantly decrease. Because these factors are distributed across the landscape, they have a fundamental role in controlling the landscape hydrological response to storm events. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INCASE: SIMULATING EXPERIENCE TO ACCELERATE EXPERTISE DEVELOPMENT BY KNOWLEDGE WORKERS
Authors: Arnold Vicky , Collier Philip A. , Leech Stewart A. , Sutton Steve G. , Vincent Andrew 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYINCASE, a web‐based electronic learning (e‐learning) environment, has been built to enable rapid expertise development in novice‐level professional knowledge workers. This paper describes the theoretical underpinnings (constructivist epistemology) behind INCASE and uses a design science methodology to describe its design, construction, instantiation, and validation. The INCASE system addresses a fundamental problem in knowledge worker domains where experience is a necessary component of expertise development and a barrier to the rapid development of domain experts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fermentative aroma compounds and sensory profiles of Godello and Albariño wines as influenced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains
Authors: Blanco Pilar , Mirás‐Avalos José Manuel , Pereira Esteban , Orriols Ignacio 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDYeasts responsible for fermentation have an important repercussion on wine quality. This study presents the influence of two autochthonous strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (XG1 and XG3), a commercial yeast (QA23) and spontaneous fermentation on the chemical and sensory properties of wines from Godello and Albariño.RESULTSAll the yeasts showed normal fermentative kinetics and were able to lead fermentations; therefore, they were responsible for wine chemical and sensory characteristics. Significant differences were found at the chemical level depending on yeast strain and variety. Albariño wines from XG1 and XG3 presented low total acidity and glycerol content. Godello wines from QA23 had higher total acidity but lower alcohol content than those from XG1, XG3 and spontaneous fermentation. QA23 wines presented a greater amount of higher alcohols and 2‐phenylethanol for both grapevine cultivars, whereas XG3 and spontaneous fermentations yielded wines with a higher concentration of esters, mainly ethyl lactate, and fatty acids. These differences were detected at the sensory level; thus, Albariño made with XG3 and Godello from spontaneous fermentation were the most appreciated wines.CONCLUSIONXG3, an autochthonous strain of S. cerevisiae, constitutes a useful tool to elaborate wines with singular characteristics. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Relief Bragg reflectors inscribed on the capillary walls of solid‐core photonic crystal fibers
Authors: Konstantaki Maria , Childs Paul , Sozzi Michele , Pissadakis Stavros 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe inscription of relief Bragg grating reflectors on the capillary walls of a solid‐core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) using laser radiation is presented. The inscription method followed is based on the infiltration and adsorption of a thin layer of toluene on the capillaries of the PCF and the subsequent exposure of the infiltrated fiber using 248‐nm excimer laser radiation and phase mask interference. Gratings are characterized spectrally and by scanning electron microscopy while their sensing capabilities are exemplified by infiltrating them with organic solvents. Thermal studies revealed that the gratings exhibit high thermal endurance characteristics, withstanding tens of hours annealing at 950°C.
The Start‐Up of You
Authors: Hoffman Reid , Casnocha Ben 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLooking for opportunities really means looking for people, according to Hoffman and Casnocha. Citing historical examples from Benjamin Franklin to J. P. Morgan, Hoffman and Casnocha show how ideas materialize into achievements through groups of smart, forward‐thinking people banding together. Hoffman's experience at PayPal enabled him to join a “PayPal mafia” of former executives, which ultimately led to Hoffman starting the social media company LinkedIn. Networks of people provide a “uniquely rich source of opportunities,” the authors contend, because of the high‐quality members, shared interests and experience, the ability to learn from each other, and cooperating with each other while sharing ideas and information.
Preparation and Optical Property of New Fluorescent Nanoparticles
Authors: Chong Hui , Zhu Chunlei , Song Jinzhao , Feng Liheng , Yang Qiong , Liu Libing , Lv Fengting , Wang Shu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA new fluorescent nanoparticle (PIOT‐HA) is synthesized with cationic polyester (PIOT) and anionic hyaluronic acid (HA) by electrostatic interactions in an aqueous solution. The nanoparticles (NPs) are degradable upon treatments with alkali or hyaluronidase, which exhibits better biological safety and potential application in vitro and in vivo. Through specific interactions between the HA locating on the surfaces of PIOT‐HA NPs and the CD44 protein over‐expressed on the MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cell line, PIOT‐HA NPs could selectively image the cancer cells. Upon white light irradiation, the PIOT‐HA NPs can sensitize oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that inactivate the neighboring CD44 protein, which inhibits the migration of MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cells.magnified image
Phenytoin‐Rifampin Drug Interaction in a Hypoalbuminemic, Renal Failure Patient: A Complex Clinical Case
Authors: Van Berkel Megan A. , Hurdle April C. , Twilla Jennifer D. 
Published: March 2013

Phenytoin, a commonly used antiepileptic, is difficult to dose optimally due to its narrow therapeutic window, nonlinear pharmacokinetics, extensive protein binding, and participation in clinically significant drug interactions. Although clinicians are aware of the interaction with two widely used antituberculosis agents, rifampin and isoniazid, few reports have described the implications for managing phenytoin dosing in this situation. To our knowledge, only two reports of the clinical experience with this interaction have been published, and only one of these reports involved the addition of isoniazid. We present a case of a 60‐year‐old man treated with triple antiepileptic therapy, including phenytoin, who experienced seizures shortly after hospital admission. Dosing of phenytoin proved difficult in this patient due to an acute kidney injury and severe hypoalbuminemia requiring hemodialysis. A further complexity was the addition of antituberculosis therapy (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol [RIPE]) for suspected tuberculosis meningitis after the patient experienced persistent encephalopathy. Phenytoin concentrations decreased steadily after rifampin and isoniazid initiation despite dose increases, and the free concentration of phenytoin reached a low of less than 0.5 µg/ml on day 8 of RIPE therapy. The patient continued on a stable dose of phenytoin and RIPE therapy for unconfirmed tuberculosis meningitis until discharge. This report is the first description of this drug interaction in 20 years and highlights the need for appropriate management of phenytoin in a patient with complicated needs for pharmacotherapy.
Nonequilibrium dynamics of multiorbital correlated electron system under time‐dependent electric fields
Authors: Onishi Hiroaki 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTo clarify a key role of orbital degrees of freedom in the response of the many‐body electron state of correlated electrons to an external field, we investigate the real‐time dynamics in an eg‐orbital Hubbard model under applied electric fields by exploiting numerical techniques such as a time‐dependent density‐matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method. The ground state without applying an electric field is found to be an antiferromagnetic/ferro‐orbital state. After we switch on an oscillating electric field, it gives rise to the creation of holon–doublon pairs when the frequency of the applied electric field exceeds a charge excitation gap. We argue that a pair‐hopping process yields a dynamical deformation of the orbital configuration.
Heavy‐fermion superconductivity and Fermi‐surface properties under pressure
Authors: Ōnuki Yoshichika , Settai Rikio , Miura Yasunao , Tsutsumi Hiroki , Honda Fuminori , Harima Hisatomo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe present an overview of the Fermi‐surface properties for antiferromagnets CeRh2Si2, CeIn3, CeRhIn5, and CeIrSi3, which were clarified from the de Haas–van Alphen (dHvA) experiments under strong magnetic fields up to 170 kOe and high pressures up to 3 GPa. A drastic change of the 4f‐electronic state from a 4f‐localized Fermi surface to a 4f‐itinerant Fermi surface occurs in CeRh2Si2, CeIn3, and CeRhIn5 when the pressure P crosses a critical pressure Pc or $P_{{\rm c}}^{*} $. Here, the Néel temperature TN disappears and the superconducting state appears at around Pc or $P_{{\rm c}}^{*} $. A critical pressure $P_{{\rm c}}^{*} $ in CeRhIn5 is the pressure when TN is extrapolated to zero in the temperature vs. pressure phase diagram, and/or the antiferromagnetic state disappears completely even in magnetic fields. This is because the antiferromagnetic state is stable against magnetic fields, or in other words, the antiferromagnetic state recovers in magnetic fields. CeIrSi3 without inversion symmetry in the tetragonal structure is also similar to CeRhIn5 in the superconducting and Fermi‐surface properties. It is characteristic that a huge upper critical field at zero temperature in superconductivity $H_{{\rm c2}} (0) \simeq 450\,{\rm kOe}$ is realized for $H{\parallel} [001]$ in CeIrSi3 with the superconducting transition temperature Tsc = 1.6 K.
Dynamic uplink frame optimization with adaptive coding and modulation in DVB‐RCS2 satellite networks
Authors: Pietrabissa Antonio , Fiaschetti Andrea 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYIn the current generation of satellite networks, modulation and coding schemes can be dynamically changed in real‐time to face different link conditions. Therefore, the link budget is not anymore required to be computed under the worst case, with relevant advantages in terms of efficiency. The new digital video broadcasting‐return channel via satellite 2 standard extends the dynamic modulation and coding to the return link: by using different modulation and coding schemes within the uplink frame, the terminals experiencing good link conditions transmit at very high bitrates, whereas the terminals experiencing fade events transmit at lower bitrates. This paper addresses the problem of optimizing the uplink frame modulation and coding schemes based on the current link conditions experienced by the terminals and on their transmission capacity requirements. The problem is formulated as an Integer Program and an efficient Linear Program approximation is proposed. Simulation results validate the proposed approach. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell envelope disruption of E. coli Exposed to ϵ‐polylysine by FESEM and TEM technology
Authors: Zhou Junying , Guo Ailing , Qi Xiaobao 
Published: March 2013

SummaryTo investigate the action mechanism of ϵ‐polylysine (ϵ‐PL) against Escherichia coli (E. coli), a new field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technology has been developed. The log phase E. coli cells were first incubated with ϵ‐PL for 8 min, then the samples were directly added onto the silicon platelet and the copper grid, followed by a simple in situ fixation and freezing dehydration. FESEM and TEM were used to examine the ultrastructure changes in the bacterial envelope which was affected by ϵ‐PL. various damages of E. coli cell envelope by ϵ‐PL have demonstrated the detachment of outer membrane, the swelling of inner membrane, the apical burst of cells and the leakage of cytosol at a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) concentration. It also exhibited whole cell lysis at double MIC concentration. In summary, the new FESEM and TEM technology and appropriate sample preparation protocols have been found to be useful for investigating the biocidal activity of ϵ‐PL against E. coli. SCANNING 35:412–417, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Peptides as New Smart Bionanomaterials: Molecular‐Recognition and Self‐Assembly Capabilities
Authors: Sawada Toshiki , Mihara Hisakazu , Serizawa Takeshi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBiomolecules express exquisite properties that are required for molecular recognition and self‐assembly on the nanoscale. These smart capabilities have developed through evolution and such biomolecules operate based on smart functions in natural systems. Recently, these remarkable smart capabilities have been utilized in not only biologically related fields, but also in materials science and engineering. A peptide‐screening technology that uses phage‐display systems has been developed based on this natural smart evolution for the generation of new functional peptide bionanomaterials. We focused on peptides that specifically bound to synthetic polymers. These polymer‐binding peptides were screened by using a phage‐display peptide library to recognize nanostructures that were derived from polymeric structural features and were utilized for possible applications as new bionanomaterials. We also focused on self‐assembling peptides with β‐sheet structures that formed nanoscale, fibrous structures for applications in new bottom‐up nanomaterials. Moreover, nanofiber‐binding peptides were also screened to introduce the desired functionalities into nanofibers without the need for additional molecular design. Our approach to construct new bionanomaterials that employ peptides will open up excellent opportunities for the next generation of materials science and technology.
Finite element simulation of wind turbine aerodynamics: validation study using NREL Phase VI experiment
Authors: Hsu Ming‐Chen , Akkerman Ido , Bazilevs Yuri 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTA validation study using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Phase VI wind turbine is presented. The aerodynamics simulations are performed using the finite element arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian–variational multiscale formulation augmented with weakly enforced essential boundary conditions. In all cases, the rotor is assumed to be rigid and its rotation is prescribed. The rotor‐only simulations are performed for a wide range of wind conditions, and the computational results compare favorably with the experimental findings in all cases. The sliding‐interface method is adopted for the simulation of the full wind turbine configuration. The full‐wind‐turbine simulations capture the blade–tower interaction effect, and the results of these simulations are also in good agreement with the experimental data. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupling Image Restoration and Segmentation: A Generalized Linear Model/Bregman Perspective
Authors: Paul Grégory , Cardinale Janick , Sbalzarini Ivo F. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
We introduce a new class of data-fitting energies that couple image segmentation with image restoration. These functionals model the image intensity using the statistical framework of generalized linear models. By duality, we establish an information-theoretic interpretation using Bregman divergences. We demonstrate how this formulation couples in a principled way image restoration tasks such as denoising, deblurring (deconvolution), and inpainting with segmentation. We present an alternating minimization algorithm to solve the resulting composite photometric/geometric inverse problem. We use Fisher scoring to solve the photometric problem and to provide asymptotic uncertainty estimates. We derive the shape gradient of our data-fitting energy and investigate convex relaxation for the geometric problem. We introduce a new alternating split-Bregman strategy to solve the resulting convex problem and present experiments and comparisons on both synthetic and real-world images.
Trajectories of loneliness during childhood and adolescence: Predictors and health outcomes
Authors: Qualter P. , Brown S.L. , Rotenberg K.J. , Vanhalst J. , Harris R.A. , Goossens L. , Bangee M. , Munn P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe present study employed latent growth mixture modeling to discern distinct trajectories of loneliness using data collected at 2‐year intervals from age 7–17 years (N = 586) and examine whether measures taken at age 5 years were good predictors of group membership. Four loneliness trajectory classes were identified: (1) low stable (37% of the sample), (2) moderate decliners (23%), (3) moderate increasers (18%), and (4) relatively high stable (22%). Predictors at age 5 years for the high stable trajectory were low trust beliefs, low trusting, low peer acceptance, parent reported negative reactivity, an internalizing attribution style, low self‐worth, and passivity during observed play. The model also included outcome variables. We found that both the high stable and moderate increasing trajectories were associated with depressive symptoms, a higher frequency of visits to the doctor, and lower perceived general health at age 17. We discuss implications of findings for future empirical work.
Neocortical β‐amyloid area is associated with dementia and APOE in the oldest‐old
Authors: Berlau Daniel J. , Corrada María M. , Robinson John L. , Geser Felix , Arnold Steven E. , Lee Virginia M.‐Y. , Kawas Claudia H. , Trojanowski John Q. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveApolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 carriers may be protected from dementia because of reduced levels of cortical β‐amyloid. In the oldest‐old, however, APOE ε2 carriers have high β‐amyloid plaque scores and preserved cognition. We compared different measures of β‐amyloid pathology across APOE genotypes in the oldest‐old, and their relationship with dementia.MethodsThe study included 96 participants from The 90+ Study. Using all information, dementia diagnoses were made. Neuropathological examination included staging for amyloid plaques and β‐amyloid cortical percent area stained by NAB228 antibody.ResultsBoth APOE ε2 and APOE ε4 carriers had high Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease plaque scores. However, APOE ε2 carriers had low cortical β‐amyloid percent areas. β‐amyloid percent area was associated with dementia across APOE genotypes.ConclusionsLower levels of percent area in APOE ε2 carriers may reflect lower total β‐amyloid and may contribute to APOE ε2 carriers' decreased risk of dementia, despite high β‐amyloid plaque scores. The relationship between β‐amyloid plaques and dementia in the oldest‐old may vary by APOE genotype.
Effects of Different Strength Training on Muscle Architecture: Clinical and Ultrasonographic Evaluation in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Malas Fevziye Ünsal , Özçakar Levent , Kaymak Bayram , Ulaşlı Alper , Güner Senem , Kara Murat , Akıncı Ayşen 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundDifferent strengthening exercises are generally prescribed to overcome the undesirable effects of decreased muscular function on the osteoarthritic joint. Although a few studies have shown the effects of strengthening on the muscle structure in healthy individuals, the literature lacks relevant data concerning knee osteoarthritis.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of different exercises on quadriceps muscle strength and structure in persons with knee osteoarthritis.DesignA randomized controlled study.SettingPhysical medicine and rehabilitation department of a university hospital.PopulationSixty‐one patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned into 6 exercise groups (isometric right/left, isotonic right/left, isokinetic right/left).MethodsSubjects were evaluated for pain and functional status with use of the visual analog pain scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, 50‐step walking, and single‐leg stance tests before and after 15 sessions of physical therapy. Isokinetic tests were performed at 60° per second. Ultrasonographic measurements for pennation angle, fascicle length, and muscle thickness were performed from the vastus lateralis muscles bilaterally.ResultsIncreased knee extensor strength was observed bilaterally in the isometric group (P < .01). In the same group, fascicle length and muscle thickness on the strengthened side (P < .01) and fascicle length on the contralateral side (P < .05) were increased. In the isokinetic group, muscle thickness bilaterally and fascicle length on the contralateral side increased (all P < .05). In the isotonic group, muscle thickness increased bilaterally (P < .05).ConclusionThese findings showed that isometric quadriceps training resulted in bilateral strengthening and that accompanying increase in muscle thickness and fascicle length in the same group was consistent with the strength improvement. In this study we evaluated the effects of different strength training on muscle strength and architecture in patients with knee osteoarthritis by using isokinetic measurements and ultrasound. Our results suggest that exercises may influence the muscle architecture in patients with knee osteoarthritis. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the effects of cross‐education on muscle architecture.
The evolution of the Lansarine–Baouala salt canopy in the North African Cretaceous passive margin in Tunisia
Authors: MASROUHI AMARA , BELLIER OLIVIER , KOYI HEMIN , VILA JEAN-MARIE , GHANMI MOHAMED 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDetailed geological mapping, dating, and gravimetric and seismic data are used to interpret the Lansarine–Baouala salt structure (North Tunisia) as a salt canopy emplaced during the Cretaceous Period. The extensional tectonic regime related to the Cretaceous continental margin offered at least two factors that encouraged buried Triassic salt to extrude onto the sea floor and flow downslope: (i) extension induced normal faults that provided routes to the surface, and led to the formation of sub-marine slopes along which salt could flow; (ii) this structural setting led to differential sedimentation and consequently differential loading as a mechanism for salt movement. The present 40-km-long Lansarine–Baouala salt structure with its unique mass of allochthonous Triassic salt at surface was fed from at least four stems. The salt structure is recognized as one of the few examples worldwide of a subaerial salt canopy due to the coalescence of submarine sheets of Triassic salt extruded in Cretaceous times.