bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and radiographic evaluation of implant‐supported single‐unit crowns with cantilever extensions: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: De Angelis Paolo , Manicone Paolo Francesco , Liguori Margherita Giorgia , D'addona Antonio , Ciolfi Alessandro , Cavalcanti Camilla , Piccirillo Davide , Rella Edoardo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to analyze the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients rehabilitated using a single implant supporting a crown with a cantilever extension or two implants supporting two single crowns.MethodsFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, a systematic review of relevant literature published from 2000 was conducted in the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and MEDLINE databases. Moreover, a manual search was performed. A meta‐analysis of the resulting data was carried out. Peri‐implant marginal bone level, probing pocket depth, prevalence of technical and mechanical complications, implant survival rate, and prosthesis survival rate were assessed.ResultsThe meta‐analysis showed a non‐statistically significant change in the peri‐implant marginal bone level and probing pocket depth in the cantilever group and revealed a non‐significant prevalence of technical complications, showing a 27% rate in the cantilever group. The analysis of the prosthesis survival rate in the cantilever group showed a mean survival rate of 99% while the comparison of the implant survival between the two groups revealed an odds ratio of 0.50.ConclusionsThe use of a single implant supporting a crown with a cantilever extension does not result in lower implant survival rate if compared with two implants supporting two single crowns. Moreover, a high prosthesis survival rate was observed in the cantilever group even if the high prevalence of complications should be carefully considered by the clinician.
Complexity and Difficulty in Second Language Acquisition: A Theoretical and Methodological Overview
Authors: Bulté Bram , Housen Alex , Pallotti Gabriele 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article presents a theoretical review of and methodological guidelines for the study of two key notions in second language acquisition research, complexity and difficulty. The term complexity has gained considerable currency over the past decades and has taken on a wide range of meanings. We argue for a more restricted interpretation, focusing exclusively on formal, structural properties of linguistic items. The less employed term difficulty in our account refers to the cognitive costs associated with learning and using such items. On the basis of our theoretical definitions, we critically review measures operationalizing these constructs and discuss their strengths, limitations, and potential applicability to second language research, in order to establish a small set of measures to be used routinely in the interest of replicability and knowledge accumulation in the field. In addition, we discuss the relationship between complexity and difficulty and the associated notions of proficiency and development.
The Fundamental Argument without any garbage
Authors: Milburn Joe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRik Peels's (2017) Fundamental Argument is an important argument against epistemic scientism. The crucial premise of the Fundamental Argument is that if nonscientific sources of belief did not provide us with knowledge, neither could the sciences. But, the sciences do provide us with knowledge. Thus, epistemic scientism is false. This paper defends Peels's argument against recent criticisms. In particular, Hietanen and colleagues criticize Peels's argument for resting on what they call the “garbage in, garbage out” principle (GIGO). This paper strengthens their attacks on the GIGO principle. It shows, however, that we don't need the GIGO principle to motivate the crucial premise of the Fundamental Argument. Instead, it argues that the crucial premise is true for the following reasons: scientific knowledge is the result of successful inquiry; at some point we lacked scientific knowledge; and, we cannot successfully inquire without some prior knowledge.
Developing and managing qualitative analysis protocol for a large‐scale, multisited project
Authors: Long Rex , Brunson Emily K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCollaboration and communication serve as the foundation of team‐based research, and this extends to the analysis phase of a project. This article discusses the work involved in developing, communicating, and managing the analysis plan for a large‐scale, multisited project. To generate an effective analysis plan, we considered what data were needed to reach our project goals and then selected methods and designed data collection tools accordingly. Once data collection commenced, we developed a basic codebook that provided an overarching structure but flexibility for localized tailoring. We then coordinated updates to the coding scheme and conducted reliability checks on the analyses. All of this required regular communication and constant monitoring of progress toward project goals. While only one example, this article provides insights and guidelines for other researchers working on large, team‐based, and/or multisited qualitative projects.
HOS15‐mediated turnover of PRR7 enhances freezing tolerance
Authors: Kim Yeon Jeong , Kim Woe‐Yeon , Somers David E. 
Published: August 2024

Summary

Arabidopsis PSEUDORESPONSE REGULATOR7 (PRR7) is a core component of the circadian oscillator which also plays a crucial role in freezing tolerance. PRR7 undergoes proteasome‐dependent degradation to discretely phase maximal expression in early evening. While its repressive activity on downstream genes is integral to cold regulation, the mechanism of the conditional regulation of the PRR7 abundance is unknown.

We used mutant analysis, protein interaction and ubiquitylation assays to establish that the ubiquitin ligase adaptor, HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE 15 (HOS15), controls the protein accumulation pattern of PRR7 through direct protein–protein interactions at low temperatures. Freezing tolerance and electrolyte leakage assays show that PRR7 enhances cold temperature sensitivity, supported by ChIP‐qPCR at C‐REPEAT BINDING FACTOR1 (CBF1) and COLD‐REGULATED 15A (COR15A) promoters where PRR7 levels were higher in hos15 mutants.

HOS15 mediates PRR7 turnover through enhanced ubiquitylation at low temperature in the dark. Under the same conditions, increased PRR7 association with the promoters of CBFs and COR15A in hos15 correlates with decreased CBF1 and COR15A transcription and enhanced freezing sensitivity.

We propose a novel mechanism whereby HOS15‐mediated degradation of PRR7 provides an intersection between the circadian system and other cold acclimation pathways that lead to increased freezing tolerance.
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator explantation upon patient request: Clinical and ethical considerations
Authors: Romanò Massimo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundImplantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) implantation has significantly modified the natural history of patients at high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in various types of heart diseases. However there is a high rate of psychological distress and reduced quality of life in patients with an ICD, more evident in younger individuals. The ICD removal upon patient request is a very rare event and causes many clinical and ethical issues.MethodsThe article discusses the case of a young patient affected by hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, who underwent implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation as a primary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Two years after the implantation, the patient repeatedly requested removal of the ICD due to of a significant and untreatable psychological device intolerance.ResultsIntervention became possible only after extensive psychological evaluation, which excluded specific pathology, and the ratification of Italian law 219/2017 on informed consent and advance directives, which guarantees the patient's independent decisions on current and future medical treatment. The explantation was performed 7 years after the implant. The patient is alive and in good health.ConclusionsThe paper debates the issues related to establishing a patient–physician relationship based on respect for the patient's autonomy and experience of illness, in reference to principles such as beneficence and non‐maleficence, and the conflicts that sometimes arise between them.If a paternalistic approach in the patient–physician relationship evolves into a patient‐centered model, it is more certain that the patient's choice is realistically known and shared, and that it is consistent with the patient's values and life goals.The shared decision making (SDM) process and the use of pathology‐specific decision aids are able to transform the informed consent tool, usually related to medical‐legal issues, into an aid for true partnership between the patient and the medical care team.
Complete pacemaker failure following lightning strike injury: A case report
Authors: Torres Gustavo Gomes , de Oliveira William Santos , Neto Nestor Rodrigues de Oliveira 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionModern cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) have mechanisms that prevent damage from external electric shocks, and malfunction following accidental electrocution is rare. However, the effects of lightning injuries in patients with CIEDs are uncertain.Case presentationA 74‐year‐old man with a dual‐chamber pacemaker due to complete heart block was struck by a lightning while farming. He had no serious injury at the time and sought medical evaluation 1 month later, when he presented with asymptomatic bradycardia. Device interrogation suggested major battery and lead damage, requiring extraction and subsequent placement of a new pacing system.DiscussionWhile a previous report depicted pacing threshold elevation without extensive device impairment, our patient presented with major damage to the whole pacing system. The factors contributing to these divergent outcomes are unclear. Differences in injury mechanism, pacemaker model, and the pattern of electric current dispersion within the device may each play a part in this discrepancy.
The effects of potentially traumatic events on the recovery from pre‐existing anxiety and depression symptomatology and the risk of PTSD
Authors: van der Velden Peter G. , Contino Carlo , Lenferink Lonneke , Das Marcel , Wittmann Lutz 
Published: August 2024

AimThe extent to which recent potentially traumatic events (PTEs) hinder the recovery from pre‐existing mental health problems is largely unknown. The same applies to the extent to which non‐recovery from pre‐existing mental health problems increases the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of the present study is to gain insight in these effects.MethodsData were extracted from six annual surveys of the Dutch population‐based Victims in Modern Society (VICTIMS) study. Of the adult respondents who participated in two subsequent surveys (labeled T1 and T2, n = 6942), those with severe anxiety and depression symptoms (ADS) at T1 (n = 487) were selected. We distinguished respondents exposed to PTEs (PTE‐group, n = 162) and not exposed to PTEs (comparison group, n = 325) between T1 and T2. We applied five indicators of recovery [based on the Reliable Change Index (RCI), degrees of symptom reduction, and the cut‐off score at T2]. Differences in the recovery from ADS and probable PTSD at T2 were examined using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe PTE group less often recovered from severe ADS between T1 and T2 than the comparison group according to all five indicators of recovery, while controlling for 11 different variables (0.40 ≤ adjusted OR's ≤ 0.66). Those in the PTE group who did not recover, considerably more often suffered from probable PTSD at T2 (63%–82%) than those who did recover (0%–29%; 8.96 ≤ adjusted OR ≤ 26.33).ConclusionRecent potentially traumatic events hinder the recovery from pre‐existing anxiety and depression symptomatology and thereby increase the risk of probable PTSD.
Gratitude: Its Nature and Normativity
Authors: Lewis Max 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGratitude is a pervasive, if often overlooked, aspect of our daily lives. At its core, it is a response to being benefitted. Yet, several philosophical puzzles surround this ostensibly ordinary emotion. This article is an overview of the major philosophical debates concerning gratitude. We start with personal gratitude, i.e., gratitude directed to an agent for something they have done. We consider what personal gratitude consists in. We then consider its normativity, i.e., when it is fitting, owed, a directed duty, or a virtue. We then turn to impersonal gratitude, i.e., gratitude for something without gratitude to any agent for it. We consider the normativity of this attitude, i.e., when it is fitting. We end by considering whether personal gratitude and impersonal gratitude are two species of the same genus—as their names suggest—or whether they are distinct attitudes.
First line of defence: Eucalyptus leaf waxes influence infection by an aggressive fungal leaf pathogen
Authors: Solís M. , Naidoo S. , Wingfield M. J. , Joubert J. C. , Hammerbacher A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Leaf epicuticular waxes provide important anatomical and chemical defences against fungi that infect leaves. In this study we analysed the leaf wax composition of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla hybrids with contrasting susceptibilities to Teratosphaeria leaf blight (TLB) caused by Teratosphaeria destructans, one of the most important foliar diseases of Eucalyptus.
The Eucalyptus cuticular wax was extracted from non‐inoculated and inoculated genotypes with different levels of susceptibility to TLB and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
The results showed that a triterpenoid, cycloartenol (CAS), was abundant in a resistant genotype and that hexanedioic acid content increased in the resistant genotypes in response to T. destructans infection. In contrast, palmitic acid was significantly more abundant in the inoculated highly susceptible genotype. In‐vitro and in‐planta T. destructans spore germination assays with pure compounds, showed that CAS and hexanedioic acid significantly inhibited spore germination. Application of these two compounds to the leaves of a susceptible host also significantly increased resistance to infection. In contrast, palmitic acid promoted spore germination and, when applied to the leaves of a resistant genotype, increased colonization by the pathogen.
This is the first study providing insights into differences in the leaf wax composition of hosts with different levels of susceptibility to T. destructans. It also showed that leaf wax compounds can modulate spore germination and, ultimately, host resistance to infection.
Recent Research Advances on the Hippo‐Yki Pathway of Crustaceans: Current Knowledge and Potential Applications in Crustacean Aquaculture
Authors: Yang Linwei , Gan Yushi , Deng Hengwei , He Jianguo , Xu Xiaopeng 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe Hippo‐YAP/Yki pathway is critical for the regulation of physiological responses in various biological processes from invertebrates to mammals. Crustaceans, in particular shrimp and crabs, are important food sources worldwide. In response to the needs of crustacean aquaculture and disease control, the regulatory mechanisms of crustacean life activities, especially immunity, have been increasingly emphasized. Emerging clues suggest that Hippo‐Yki pathway is important for immunity and regeneration in crustaceans. In this review, the structure, activation pattern, response mechanism to pathogen invasion, and crosstalk with other signaling cascades of the Hippo‐Yki pathway in aquaculture crustaceans are summarized and its similarities and differences with those in mammals and Drosophila are investigated. Based on this, the roles of the Hippo‐Yki pathway in crustacean immune response and limb regeneration are further discussed, and the application potential of strategies pharmacologically or biologically targeting this pathway for crustacean disease control and breeding is theoretically explored.
Measuring citizen trust in regulatory agencies: A systematic review and ways forward
Authors: Maman Libby , Fahy Lauren , Grimmelikhuijsen Stephan , Kappler Moritz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCitizen trust in regulatory agencies is essential for the functioning of society and markets. Trust in regulatory agencies promotes compliance and strengthens trust in regulated sectors. Despite its importance, there is no systematic study on how trust is in this context can be measured best. In response, this article presents findings of a systematic review of measures of trust in regulatory contexts, assessing their utility for measuring citizen trust in regulatory agencies. Our review of recent literature and of seven major international surveys finds several areas for methodological improvement in the measurement of such trust. The review highlights that while trust in various institutions is extensively studied, high‐quality measures for regulatory agencies specifically are lacking. Both one‐off studies of trust in regulatory agencies and large international surveys of trust in government reveal an absence of systematic and consistent measurement of trust in these agencies. We propose recommendations to enhance measurement consistency, transparency, and contextual diversity. This study underscores the urgency of addressing this critical dimension of trust and provides a roadmap for improving our understanding of citizen trust in regulatory agencies.
Testing rurality as a moderator of associations between masculinity constructs, help‐seeking, and firearm storage practices
Authors: Grunewald William , Waitz‐Kudla Sydney N. , Daruwala Samantha E. , Smith April R. , Anestis Michael D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionSelf‐reliance, emotional control, and honor ideology may prevent help‐seeking when suicidal ideation emerges. Furthermore, these factors are associated with an increased likelihood of firearm ownership and unsecure storage, which could facilitate suicide attempts. The rurality of residence may impact these associations, as rural regions report increased independence, honor culture, and firearm prevalence. Therefore, this study examined how emotional control, self‐reliance, and honor ideology relate to firearm storage and help‐seeking for suicidal ideation, with rurality moderating these associations.MethodsParticipants were 733 adults (63.6% female, 33.5% male, and 2.9% transgender/other) who reported past‐month suicidal ideation. Analyses tested associations between emotional control, self‐reliance, and honor ideology with help‐seeking for suicidal ideation and firearm storage, with rurality moderating these associations.ResultsThe association of self‐reliance and decreased help‐seeking willingness for suicidal ideation was significant for those in non‐urban areas. The association of emotional control and decreased help‐seeking willingness for suicidal ideation was significant for those in urban areas. No variables predicted firearm storage.ConclusionsSelf‐reliance and emotional control could be barriers for help‐seeking regardless of gender identity that depend on rurality. Clinicians may target emotional control/self‐reliance via strengths‐based approaches with an emphasis on when these constructs could be maladaptive, as this could promote help‐seeking.
Anki flashcards: Spaced repetition learning in the undergraduate medical pharmacology curriculum
Authors: Magro Juliana , Oh So‐Young , Košćica Nikola , Poles Michael 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundTeaching clinical pharmacology is often a challenge for medical schools. The benefits and popularity of active recall and spaced repetition through Anki flashcards are well‐established and can offer a solution for teaching complex topics, but educators are often unfamiliar with this resource.ApproachWe implemented 501 faculty‐generated pharmacology flashcards in five modules across the medical preclinical curriculum, available to 104 first‐year students. At the end of each module, students were surveyed on the usefulness of this novel resource. The data from the cohort who had access to flashcards was compared with the previous cohort, without access, to analyse whether student use of Anki flashcards changed students' perceptions of the pharmacology curriculum and whether there were changes in pharmacology exam performance.EvaluationSeventy‐five percent of the respondents rated the Anki pharmacology flashcards as ‘very useful’ or ‘somewhat useful’. Eight hundred and seventy‐five responses were analysed with a natural language processing algorithm, showing that fewer students mentioned pharmacology as a difficult topic in the cardiovascular and renal modules, compared with the cohort who did not use Anki flashcards. There was not a statistically significant difference in test scores between the cohorts.ImplicationsAnki flashcards were well‐received by medical students, which might have impacted their perception of the curriculum, as evidenced by the decrease in mentions of pharmacology being a difficult topic, maintaining consistency in academic performance. Educators should consider providing flashcards to offer spaced repetition opportunities in the curriculum; an additional benefit could be increasing information equality in medical schools.
Tear cytokines as potential markers of inflammation in feline conjunctivitis
Authors: Davari Ali , Tabandeh Mohammad Reza , Abarkar Mohammad , Torkaman Bahar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionConjunctivitis is a prevalent feline ocular surface disorder, often accompanied by inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of conjunctival inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in the tears of cats with conjunctivitis and compare them with healthy controls, thereby enhancing our understanding of the inflammatory processes in feline conjunctivitis.Methods and MaterialsTear samples were collected from cats of various breeds diagnosed with conjunctivitis (n = 15) and healthy control cats (n = 5) using Schirmer strips. The levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 were measured using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Protein concentration were measured using Bradford assay and data were expressed as pg/mg protein of tear sample.ResultsOur results revealed a statistically significant increase in the levels of both TNF‐α and IL‐6 in cats with conjunctivitis compared to the control group (p < .0001). Positive correlation were observed between tear IL‐6 (p < .001, r = 0.902) and TNF‐α (p < .001, r = 0.919) with clinical grades of conjunctivitis.ConclusionThe results demonstrated a significant elevation in the levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in the tears of cats with conjunctivitis, suggesting that these cytokines are involved in the inflammatory response of feline conjunctivitis. These findings could pave the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, focusing on cytokine modulation, to manage feline conjunctivitis more effectively.