bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Weight Change on Volumetric Measures of Mammographic Density
Authors: Hart V , Reeves KW , Sturgeon SR , Reich NG , Sievert LL , Kerlikowske K , Ma L , Shepherd J , Tice J , Sprague BL 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The association between changing body mass index (BMI) and mammographic breast density is important to better evaluate how to adjust for BMI gain/loss in longitudinal studies of density and breast cancer risk. Increasing BMI has been associated with decreasing percent dense area but the effect on absolute dense area is unclear. No studies have explored a longitudinal association using volumetric density measurement. Methods: We examined the association between change in BMI and change in volumetric breast density among 24,556 women who received breast imaging at the San Francisco Mammography Registry from 2007–2013. Height and weight were self-reported at the time of mammography. Breast density was assessed using single x-ray absorptiometry (SXA) volumetric measurement. The cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between BMI and absolute dense volume (DV) and percent dense volume (PDV) were assessed using multivariable adjusted regression. Results: Women were primarily Caucasian (66%) or Asian (25%) and most were postmenopausal (64%) at time of first mammogram. In cross-sectional analysis, BMI was positively associated with DV (β = 2.95 cm3, 95% CI, 2.69–3.21) and inversely associated with PDV (β = −2.03%, 95% CI, −2.09–−1.98). In longitudinal analysis, an annual increase in BMI was associated with an annual decrease in both DV (β = −1.01 cm3/year, 95% CI, −1.59–−0.42) and PDV (β = −1.17%/year, 95% CI, −1.31–−1.04). Findings were consistent between pre- and postmenopausal women. The annual decrease in DV was strongest among premenopausal women who were initially overweight or obese (P &lt; 0.01 for interaction by initial BMI). Conclusion: Our findings support an inverse association between change in BMI and change in PDV. Longitudinal studies of PDV and breast cancer risk, or those using PDV as an indicator of breast cancer risk, should consider adjusting for change in BMI. The association between increasing BMI and decreasing DV is unexpected and will require confirmation using volumetric methods.
Adolescent Endogenous Sex Hormones and Breast Density in Early Adulthood
Authors: Jung S , Egleston LB , Chandler DW , Horn LV , Hylton MN , Paris K , Klifa CC , Lasser NL , Le Blanc ES , Shepherd JA , Snetselaar LG , Stanczyk FZ , Stevens VJ , Dorgan JF 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
During adolescence the breasts undergo rapid growth and development under the influence of sex hormones. Although the hormonal etiology of breast cancer is hypothesized, it remains unknown whether adolescent sex hormones are associated with adult breast density, which is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. METHODS: Percentage of dense breast volume (%DBV) was measured in 2006 by magnetic resonance imaging in 177 women aged 25–29 years who participated in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children from 1988–1997 and had sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) measured in serum collected on 1–4 occasions between 8 and 17 years of age. Multivariable linear mixed-effect regression models were used to evaluate the associations of adolescent sex hormones and SHBG with %DBV. RESULTS: Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and SHBG measured in premenarche serum samples were significantly positively associated with %DBV (all Ptrend ≤ 0.03) but not when measured in postmenarche samples (all Ptrend ≥ 0.42). The multivariable geometric mean of %DBV across quartiles of premenarcheal DHEAS and SHBG increased from 16.7% to 22.1% and from 14.1% to 24.3%, respectively. Estrogens, progesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone were not associated with %DBV pre- or post-menarche (all Ptrend ≥ 0.16). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that higher DHEAS and SHBG levels during adolescence, particularly before the onset of menarche, are associated with higher%DBV in young women. Whether this association translates into an increased risk of breast cancer later in life is currently unknown.
Symptoms, Weight Loss and Physical Function in a Lifestyle Intervention Study of Older Cancer Survivors
Authors: Kenzik KM , Morey MC , Cohen HJ , Sloane R , Demark-Wahnefried W 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Cancer is most often a disease of aging, and frequently, a disease for which obesity serves as a risk factor. Thus, many cancer survivors are older, overweight or obese, with higher illness burden, symptoms, and comorbidities. Against this backdrop, survivors are at increased risk for functional decline. The question is whether lifestyle interventions can still benefit older, sicker survivors? The purpose of this study was to examine how overweight long-term survivors' symptom severity prior to a diet and exercise intervention is associated with post-intervention function and to determine symptoms' effects on function through change in physical activity, diet quality, and weight status. Methods This is a secondary data analysis of 514 breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors who participated in the one-year home-based diet and exercise intervention, Reach-Out to Enhance Wellness (RENEW) trial. Pre- and post-intervention data were analyzed. Measures of this study included pre-intervention symptoms, changes in weight, physical activity, diet quality, and post-intervention overall physical function (PF), and basic and advanced lower extremity function (BLEF and ALEF). Simple and serial mediation analyses were conducted to examine direct effects of symptom severity on BLEF and ALEF and the indirect effects of symptom severity through changes in diet quality, physical activity, and weight status. Results Increased symptom severity was directly associated with lower functioning scores for PF (b = −0.63 P &lt; 0.001), BLEF (b = −0.33, P &lt; 0.001) and ALEF (b = −0.22, P &lt; 0.001). Indirect effects of symptom severity through weight loss, physical activity and diet were not significant. Weight loss and increased physical activity were significantly associated with higher PF and ALEF and higher diet quality was associated with higher BLEF. Conclusion Symptom severity of older, overweight cancer survivors negatively affects physical function. However, greater weight loss and physical activity were associated with higher functioning scores, regardless of symptom severity. Findings build from the recent emphasis on the negative effects of obesity on survivor outcomes to highlight weight loss as an important factor in maintaining function in older cancer survivors.
Racial Disparity in Receiving a Physician Recommendation for Human Papillomavirus Vaccine among US Adolescent Girls: Trend from 2008 to 2012
Authors: Rahman M , Laz TH , Berenson AB 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
To examine the trend of racial disparity in receiving a physician recommendation for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among US adolescent girls. Methods: We analyzed National Immunization Survey of Teens (NIS-Teen) 2008–2012 data and examined the trend of racial disparity in receiving a physician recommendation for HPV vaccine among 13–17 year old US adolescent girls. Results: Overall, the weighted proportion of girls who received a physician recommendation was 49.2%, 57.0%, 54.9%, 58.8% and 65.3% in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively (p for trend &lt;0.001). The respective weighted proportion for non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black and Hispanic girls were: 53.6%, 60.7%, 59.0%, 63.4% and 70.2%; 42.7%, 50.0%, 46.3%, 52.5% and 62.8%; and 40.0%, 50.8%, 48.0%, 51.4% and 56.5% (P &lt; 0.001 for all 5 years). After adjusting for demographic characteristics, separate weighted analysis for each year of data showed that non-Hispanic black and Hispanic girls were less likely to receive a physician recommendation than non-Hispanic white girls (P &lt; 0.01 for all 5 years). However, there was no significant difference between Non-Hispanic black and Hispanic girls (P &gt; 0.05 for all 5 years). Conclusions: Reasons for racial disparity in receiving a physician recommendation need to be identified and addressed to achieve the desired level of HPV vaccine uptake among US adolescent girls, irrespective of race/ethnicity.
Conditional Survival: A Useful Concept to Provide Information on How Prognosis Evolves over Time
Authors: Hieke Stefanie , Kleber Martina , König Christine , Engelhardt Monika , Schumacher Martin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Conditional survival (CS) is defined as the probability of surviving further t years, given that a patient has already survived s years after the diagnosis of a chronic disease. It is the simplest form of a dynamic prediction in which other events in the course of the disease or biomarker values measured up to time s can be incorporated. CS has attracted attention in recent years either in an absolute or relative form where the latter is based on a comparison with an age-adjusted normal population being highly relevant from a public health perspective. In its absolute form, CS constitutes the quantity of major interest in a clinical context. Given a clinical cohort of patients with a particular type of cancer, absolute CS can be estimated by conditional Kaplan–Meier estimates in strata defined, for example, by age and disease stage or by a conditional version of the Cox and other regression models for time-to-event data. CS can be displayed as a function of the prediction time s in parametric as well as nonparametric fashion. We illustrate the use of absolute CS in a large clinical cohort of patients with multiple myeloma. For investigating CS, it is necessary to ensure almost complete long-term follow-up of the patients enrolled in the clinical cohort and to consider potential age–stage migration as well as changing treatment modalities over time. CS provides valuable and relevant information on how prognosis develops over time. It also serves as a starting point for identifying factors related to long-term survival. Clin Cancer Res; 21(7); 1530–6. ©2015 AACR.
DNA Methylation Profiling in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Reveals Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers
Authors: de Cubas Aguirre A. , Korpershoek Esther , Inglada-Pérez Lucia , Letouzé Eric , Currás-Freixes Maria , Fernández Agustin F. , Comino-Méndez Iñaki , Schiavi Francesca , Mancikova Veronika , Eisenhofer Graeme , Mannelli Massimo , Opocher Guiseppe , Timmers Henri , Beuschlein Felix , de Krijger Ronald , Cascon Alberto , Rodríguez-Antona Cristina , Fraga Mario F. , Favier Judith , Gimenez-Roqueplo Anne-Paule , Robledo Mercedes 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurpose: Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors, associated with highly variable postoperative evolution. The scarcity of reliable PPGL prognostic markers continues to complicate patient management. In this study, we explored genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in the context of PPGL malignancy to identify novel prognostic markers.Experimental Design: We retrospectively investigated DNA methylation patterns in PPGL with and without metastases using high-throughput DNA methylation profiling data (Illumina 27K) from two large, well-characterized discovery (n = 123; 24 metastatic) and primary validation (n = 154; 24 metastatic) series. Additional validation of candidate CpGs was performed by bisulfite pyrosequencing in a second independent set of 33 paraffin-embedded PPGLs (19 metastatic).Results: Of the initial 86 candidate CpGs, we successfully replicated 52 (47 genes), associated with metastatic PPGL. Of these, 48 CpGs showed significant associations with time to progression even after correcting for SDHB genotype, suggesting their value as prognostic markers independent of genetic background. Hypermethylation of RDBP (negative elongation factor complex member E) in metastatic tumors was further validated by bisulfite pyrosequencing [Δβmetastatic-benign = 0.29, P = 0.003; HR, 1.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1–2.0; P = 0.018] and may alter transcriptional networks involving (RERG, GPX3, and PDZK1) apoptosis, invasion, and maintenance of DNA integrity.Conclusions: This is the first large-scale study of DNA methylation in metastatic PPGL that identifies and validates prognostic markers, which could be used for stratifying patients according to risk of developing metastasis. Of the three CpGs selected for further validation, one (RDBP) was clearly confirmed and could be used for stratifying patients according to the risk of developing metastases. Clin Cancer Res; 21(13); 3020–30. ©2015 AACR.
Relationship Between Subclinical Cardiac Troponin I Elevation and Culprit Lesion Characteristics Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Lee Tetsumin , Murai Tadashi , Yonetsu Taishi , Suzuki Asami , Hishikari Keiichi , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Matsuda Junji , Araki Makoto , Niida Takayuki , Isobe Mitsuaki , Kakuta Tsunekazu 
Published: April 2015

Background—
The prevalence of subclinical, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) elevation in stable patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention and its relationship to culprit lesion characteristics assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) are unknown.

Methods and Results—

We studied 206 native de novo culprit coronary lesions from 206 patients with stable angina pectoris who underwent OCT before elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence (cTnI group; n=47; 22.8%) or absence (non-cTnI group; n=159; 77.2%) of cTnI ≥0.03 ng/mL at admission. The clinical and OCT findings were compared between these 2 groups. No significant difference was found in the clinical presentation between the groups except for the serum C-reactive protein levels and presence of multivessel disease. By OCT, cTnI elevation was associated with the presence of thin-cap fibroatheromas, a greater lipid arc, and a longer lipid length. In a multivariable analysis, the presence of positive C-reactive protein levels (odds ratio, 4.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.90–10.08;
P
=0.001) and OCT-derived thin-cap fibroatheromas (odds ratio, 2.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–6.86;
P
=0.016) were independent predictors of cTnI elevation. Periprocedural myocardial injury, defined as postpercutaneous coronary intervention peak cTnI levels >1.0 ng/mL (5× the upper reference limit), occurred more often in patients with cTnI elevation at admission (cTnI group: 41% versus non-cTnI group: 18%;
P
=0.001).

Conclusions—
The presence of subclinical cTnI elevation at admission was not uncommon and was associated with OCT-derived unstable plaque morphology in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention, and may help to identify patients with stable angina pectoris at high risk for periprocedural myocardial injury.
Reperfusion of Very Low Cerebral Blood Volume Lesion Predicts Parenchymal Hematoma After Endovascular Therapy
Authors: Mishra Nishant K. , Christensen Søren , Wouters Anke , Campbell Bruce C.V. , Straka Matus , Mlynash Michael , Kemp Stephanie , Cereda Carlo W. , Bammer Roland , Marks Michael P. , Albers Gregory W. , Lansberg Maarten G. 
Published: April 2015

Background and Purpose—
Ischemic stroke patients with regional very low cerebral blood volume (VLCBV) on baseline imaging have increased risk of parenchymal hemorrhage (PH) after intravenous alteplase–induced reperfusion. We developed a method for automated detection of VLCBV and examined whether patients with reperfused-VLCBV are at increased risk of PH after endovascular reperfusion therapy.

Methods—

Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to optimize a relative CBV threshold associated with PH in patients from the Diffusion and Perfusion Imaging Evaluation for Understanding Stroke Evolution 2 (DEFUSE 2) study. Regional reperfused-VLCBV was defined as regions with low relative CBV on baseline imaging that demonstrated normal perfusion (
T
max
<6 s) on coregistered early follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. The association between VLCBV, regional reperfused-VLCBV and PH was assessed in univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results—

In 91 patients, the greatest area under the curve for predicting PH occurred at an relative CBV threshold of <0.42 (area under the curve, 0.77). At this threshold, VLCBV lesion volume ≥3.55 mL optimally predicted PH with 94% sensitivity and 63% specificity. Reperfused-VLCBV lesion volume was more specific (0.74) and equally sensitive (0.94). In total, 18 patients developed PH, of whom 17 presented with VLCBV (39% versus 2%;
P
=0.001), all of them had regional reperfusion (47% versus 0%;
P
=0.01), and 71% received intravenous alteplase. VLCBV lesion (odds ratio, 33) and bridging with intravenous alteplase (odds ratio, 3.8) were independently associated with PH. In a separate model, reperfused-VLCBV remained the single independent predictor of PH (odds ratio, 53).

Conclusions—
These results suggest that VLCBV can be used for risk stratification of patients scheduled to undergo endovascular therapy in trials and routine clinical practice.
Multivitamin Use and Risk of Stroke Mortality
Authors: Dong Jia-Yi , Iso Hiroyasu , Kitamura Akihiko , Tamakoshi Akiko 
Published: April 2015

Background and Purpose—
An effect of multivitamin supplement on stroke risk is uncertain. We aimed to examine the association between multivitamin use and risk of death from stroke and its subtypes.

Methods—
A total of 72 180 Japanese men and women free from cardiovascular diseases and cancers at baseline in 1988 to 1990 were followed up until December 31, 2009. Lifestyles including multivitamin use were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of total stroke and its subtypes in relation to multivitamin use.

Results—
During a median follow-up of 19.1 years, we identified 2087 deaths from stroke, including 1148 ischemic strokes and 877 hemorrhagic strokes. After adjustment for potential confounders, multivitamin use was associated with lower but borderline significant risk of death from total stroke (HR, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.76–1.01), primarily ischemic stroke (HR, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.63–1.01), but not hemorrhagic stroke (HR, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.78–1.18). In a subgroup analysis, there was a significant association between multivitamin use and lower risk of mortality from total stroke among people with fruit and vegetable intake <3 times/d (HR, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.98). That association seemed to be more evident among regular users than casual users. Similar results were found for ischemic stroke.

Conclusions—
Multivitamin use, particularly frequent use, was associated with reduced risk of total and ischemic stroke mortality among Japanese people with lower intake of fruits and vegetables.
Taxonomic notes on the genus Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini) 1.
Authors: BAIOCCHI DANIELE 
Published: April 2015

In the present paper I propose the following taxonomic changes: Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) bosdaghensis Obenberger, 1938 (= cavazzutii Bílý, 1980 syn. nov.); A. (Anthaxia) ephippiata Redtenbacher, 1850 (= kreuzbergi Richter, 1944 syn. nov.); A. (H.) pleuralis Faimaire, 1883 (= parapleuralis Obenberger, 1929 syn. nov.); A. (H.) scylla Levey, 1985, removal from synonymy (= aprutiana Gerini, 1955 unavailable name); A. (A.) truncata Abeille, 1900 (= lgockii Obenberger, 1917 syn. nov.; = talyshensis Bílý, 1991 syn. nov.; = adiyamana Svoboda, 1994 syn. nov.). Lectotypes for A. (A.) kreuzbergi, A. (H.) parapleuralis and A. (A.) truncata are designated. All the studied types are illustrated, together with their original data labels. Each of the valid species is placed in its respective species-group, and notes are given on the distribution.
A cultivable acoel species from the Mediterranean, Aphanostoma pisae sp. nov. (Acoela, Acoelomorpha)
Authors: ZAUCHNER THOMAS , SALVENMOSER WILLI , EGGER BERNHARD 
Published: April 2015

Aphanostoma pisae sp. nov. is an interstitial acoel found at the coast of the Liguric Sea in Pisa (Tuscany, Italy). It belongs to the large family Isodiametridae, characterised by a male copulatory organ with a cylindrical shape and non-anastomising longitudinal muscle fibers. It is the first recognised species of Aphanostoma in the Mediterranean and it can occur in great abundance at its type locality (several hundred specimens in a spoonful of sand). A. pisae has been cultured in the laboratory for several years with diatoms for food. The embryonic development lasts for just under two days at 20 °C. We provide a description of the new species using live observations, light and electron microscopy of sagittal sections and stainings of the filamentous actin and the serotonergic nervous system, and we discuss and update the genus diagnoses of the genera Aphanostoma and Praeconvoluta.
Genesis of Tropical Storm Debby (2006) within an African Easterly Wave: Roles of the Bottom-Up and Midlevel Pouch Processes
Authors: Zhu Lin , Zhang Da-Lin , Cecelski Stefan F. , Shen Xinyong 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The “bottom up” generation of low-level vortices (LVs) and midlevel vortices (MVs) during the genesis of Tropical Storm Debby (2006) and the roles of a midlevel “marsupial pouch” associated with an African easterly wave (AEW) are examined using an 84-h simulation with the finest grid size of 1.33 km. Results show that several MVs are generated in leading convective bands and then advected rearward into stratiform regions by front-to-rear ascending flows. Because of different Lagrangian storm-scale circulations, MVs and LVs are displaced along different paths during the early genesis stages. MVs propagate cyclonically inward within the AEW pouch while experiencing slow intensification and merging under the influence of converging flows. The MVs’ merging into a mesovortex is accelerated as they come closer to each other in the core region. In contrast, the low-level Lagrangian circulation is opened as a wave trough prior to tropical depression (TD) stage, so the LVs tend to “escape” from the pouch region. Only after the low-level flows become closed do some LVs congregate and contribute directly to Debby’s genesis. The TD stage is reached when the midlevel mesovortex and an LV are collocated with a convective zone having intense low-level convergence. Results also show the roles of upper-level warming in hydrostatically maintaining the midlevel pouch and producing mesoscale surface pressure falls. It is found that the vertically tilted AEW with a cold dome below is transformed to a deep warm-core TD vortex by subsiding motion. A conceptual model describing the key elements in the genesis of Debby is also provided.