bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic impact of basic critical care echocardiography performed by residents after limited training
Authors: Goudelin Marine , Evrard Bruno , Donisanu Roxana , Gonzalez Céline , Truffy Christophe , Orabona Marie , Galy Antoine , Lapébie François-Xavier , Jamilloux Yvan , Vandeix Elodie , Belcour Dominique , Hodler Charles , Ramirez Lucie , Gagnoud Rémi , Chapellas Catherine , Vignon Philippe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The objective was to assess the agreement between therapeutic proposals derived from basic critical care echocardiography performed by novice operators in ultrasonography after a limited training (residents) and by experts considered as reference. Secondary objectives were to assess the agreement between operators’ answers to simple clinical questions and the concordance between basic two-dimensional measurements.

Methods
This observational, prospective, single-center study was conducted over a 3-year period in a medical-surgical intensive care unit. Adult patients with acute circulatory and/or respiratory failure requiring a transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) examination were studied. In each patient, a TTE was performed by a resident novice in ultrasonography after a short training program and by an expert, independently but within 1 h and in random order. Each operator addressed standardized simple clinical questions and subsequently proposed a therapeutic strategy based on a predefined algorithm.

Results
Residents performed an average of 33 TTE studies in 244 patients (156 men; age: 63 years [52–74]; SAPS2: 45 [34–59]; 182 (75%) mechanically ventilated). Agreement between the therapeutic proposals of residents and experienced operators was good-to-excellent. The concordance was excellent for suggesting fluid loading, inotrope or vasopressor support (all Kappa values > 0.80). Inter-observer agreement was only moderate when considering the indication of negative fluid balance (Kappa: 0.65; 95% CI 0.50–0.80), since residents proposed diuretics in 23 patients (9.5%) while their counterparts had the same suggestion in 35 patients (14.4%). Overall agreement of responses to simple clinical questions was also good-to-excellent. Intraclass correlation coefficient exceeded 0.75 for measurement of ventricular and inferior vena cava size.

Conclusions
A limited training program aiming at acquiring the basic level in critical care echocardiography enables ICU residents novice in ultrasonography to propose therapeutic interventions with a good-to-excellent agreement with experienced operators.
Application of attenuated total reflectance—Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy—(ATR-FTIR) and principal component analysis (PCA) in identification of copying pencils on different paper substrates
Authors: Grzelec Małgorzata 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Presence of copying pencils in heritage objects poses a significant challenge for conservators due to their proneness to fading, sensitivity to solvents and difficulties in differentiation from regular graphite pencils. In this paper a method of copying pencils identification by means of ATR—FTIR spectroscopy is used. A protocol for spectra processing and dimensionality reduction of spectral data by means of principal component analysis has been developed, allowing for pencil types differentiation and providing an easy to read visual representation of the collected data. The protocol has been developed on mock-up samples and tested on objects from the archives of the State Museum Auschwitz – Birkenau.
In vitro and in vivo analyses of eFAP: a novel FAP-targeting small molecule for radionuclide theranostics and other oncological interventions
Authors: van der Heide Circe D. , Ma Hanyue , Hoorens Mark W.H. , Campeiro Joana D. , Stuurman Debra C. , de Ridder Corrina M.A. , Seimbille Yann , Dalm Simone U. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a transmembrane serine protease overexpressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor stroma, is an interesting biomarker for targeted radionuclide theranostics. FAP-targeting radiotracers have demonstrated to be superior to [18F]FDG PET/CT in various solid cancers. However, these radiotracers have suboptimal tumor retention for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). We aimed to develop a novel FAP-targeting pharmacophore with improved pharmacokinetics by introducing a substitution at the 8-position of (4-quinolinoyl)-glycyl-2-cyanopyrrolidine, which allows for conjugation of a chelator, dye, or other payloads.

Results
Here we showed the synthesis of DOTA-conjugated eFAP-6 and sulfo-Cyanine5-conjugated eFAP-7. After chemical characterization, the uptake and specificity of both tracers were determined on FAP-expressing cells. In vitro, [111In]In-eFAP-6 demonstrated a superior affinity and a more rapid, although slightly lower, peak uptake than gold standard [111In]In-FAPI-46. Confocal microscopy demonstrated a quick FAP-mediated internalization of eFAP-7. Studies with HT1080-huFAP xenografted mice confirmed a more rapid uptake of [177Lu]Lu-eFAP-6 vs. [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-46. However, tumor retention at 24 h post injection of [177Lu]Lu-eFAP-6 was lower than that of [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-46, hereby currently limiting its use for TRT.

Conclusion
The superior affinity and faster tumor accumulation of eFAP-6 over FAPI-46 makes it a suitable compound for radionuclide imaging. After further optimization, the eFAP series has great potential for various oncological interventions, including fluorescent-guided surgery and effective targeted radionuclide theranostics.
Screening of indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis for dipteran active cry gene profiles and potential toxicity against melon fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett)
Authors: Aarthi N. , Shylesha A. N. , Dubey V. K. , Aditya K. , Kandan A. , Rangeshwaran R. , Manjunatha C. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Melon fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a devastating polyphagous pest attacking large number of fruits and vegetables causing huge economic yield losses across the world. Management of this notorious pest is very challenging as the larvae feed inside the fruit. Hence, the present research study aimed to screen the indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) strains causing toxicity to larvae and to identify the insecticidal toxicity-related genes present in respective strains. In the present study, 50 indigenous B. thuringiensis (Bt) strains along with one reference strain were screened against second-instar larvae Z. cucurbitae. All the strains were analyzed for presence of 21 dipteran active cry genes.

Results
Mortality in Z. cucurbitae larvae due to Bt strains ranged from 16 to 92%. PCR results revealed that each strain tested positive for a minimum of three cry genes to maximum of nine cry genes. Among the cry genes, cry1A, cry2A, cry1C, cry19, cry11 and cry70 were detected in high frequency of 100, 88, 84, 74, 58 and 54%, respectively. Bioassay studies revealed that ten out of fifty strains displayed more than 50% mortality. Hence, these ten strains, along with the reference strain, were further tested for mortality for the calculation of the median lethal concentration (LC50). The LC50 values ranged between 38.48 and 105.18 μg/ml. The lowest LC50 found for the strain NBAIR Bt107 was 38.48 μg/ml and was on par with the reference strain (Bti 4Q1) (31.3 μg/ml).

Conclusion
Indigenous Bt strains displayed a toxicity against the larvae of Z. cucurbitae. The probable dipteran active cry genes responsible for toxicity were interpreted. Thus, the Cry toxins from Bt can play a very important role in the management of Z. cucurbitae.
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay proved the mechanism of biological control against root rot pathogens
Authors: Elsharkawy Mohsen Mohamed , Kuno Shuhei , Alotaibi Nahaa M. , Hyakumachi Mitsuro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The soil-borne fungi, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii, are major pathogens of Brassicae crops. This study was performed to clarify the relationship between the accumulation pattern of the genus Trichoderma and disease suppression in frequently inoculated soils with binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR), Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii.

Results
As compared to the control group, five Trichoderma virens strains isolated from soil inoculated with R. solani or BNR significantly reduced the severity of S. rolfsii (85.6–100% covering percentage) and R. solani (95.7–100% covering percentage). Similarly, five T. hamatum strains obtained from soil inoculated with R. solani were shown to be highly suppressive against S. rolfsii (83.9–97.1% covering percentages) and R. solani (60.2–96.2% covering percentages). Four out of five T. hamatum strains obtained from soil infected with S. rolfsii exhibited considerable suppression against S. rolfsii (63.7–91.2% covering percentages), while the SM5 strain did not. The phylogenetic analysis of the TEF and ITS regions of Trichoderma hamatum revealed that most isolates were classified into the same cluster with homology of 99–100%. Five strains of each T. virens and T. hamatum were isolated from the suppressive soil with high antagonistic potentials against R. solani and S. rolfsii. Suppression and antagonistic activity of T. hamatum isolated from soil frequently inoculated with sterile barley grains were negligible, whereas T. hamatum isolated from frequently inoculated soil with BNR and R. solani demonstrated considerable suppression of the pathogens and antagonistic activity. Accumulation and quantification of T. virens and T. hamatum were confirmed using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP).

Conclusion
In conclusion, disease suppression in frequently inoculated soil with BNR, R. solani and S. rolfsii was due to Trichoderma spp. accumulated selectively in each replicate of soil inoculation.
A review on the applications of artificial intelligence and big data for glioblastoma multiforme management
Authors: Mehmandoost Mahdi , Konjin Fatemeh Torabi , Jajin Elnaz Amanzadeh , Fahim Farzan , Yazdani Saeed Oraee 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlioblastoma is known as an aggressive type of brain tumor with a very poor survival rate and resistance to different treatment methods. Considering the difficulties in studying glioblastoma, the development of alternative methods for the identification of prognostic factors in this disease seems necessary. Noteworthy, imaging, pathologic, and molecular data obtained from patients are highly valuable because of their potential for this purpose. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool to perform highly accurate analyses and extract more detailed information from available patient data. AI is usually used for the development of prediction models for prognosis, response/resistance to treatments, and subtype identification in cancers. Today, the number of AI-aided developed algorithms is increasing in the field of glioblastoma. Challenges in the diagnosis of tumors using imaging data, prediction of genetic alterations, and prediction of overall survival are among the most popular studies related to glioblastoma. Hereby, we reviewed peer-reviewed articles in which AI methods were used for various targets in glioblastoma. Reviewing the published articles showed that the use of clinical imaging data is reasonably more popular than other assessments because of its noninvasive nature. However, the use of molecular assessments is becoming extended in this disease. In this regard, we summarized the developed algorithms and their applications for the diagnosis and prognosis of glioblastoma tumors. We also considered the accuracy rates of algorithms to shed light on the advancements of different methodologies in the included studies.
The reversed halo sign with a reticulonodular pattern as unusual findings of pulmonary infarct in acute pulmonary embolism: case report and literature review
Authors: Pierro Antonio , Totaro Antonio , Testa Gianluca , Apollonio Biagio Francesco Pio , Carafa Stefano , Bontempo Attilio , Vallo Antonio , Cilla Savino , Basilico Raffaella 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The reversed halo, also known as the atoll sign, is a distinct sign with ring-shaped consolidation and central lucency. The reversed halo sign, initially emerging in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, has been observed in various pulmonary diseases, including pulmonary embolism. The presence of this sign in the subpleural, posterior basal parts of the lower lobes, predominantly when solitary, should raise the possibility of other causes, such as pulmonary infarction.

Case presentation
We present a case of acute pulmonary embolism with pulmonary infarction discovered on a CT pulmonary angiogram in our emergency department, where the pulmonary infarction appears as a reverse halo sign with a reticulonodular pattern. The reticular nodular pattern in the halo sign is not typical of a pulmonary infarct presenting with a reverse halo sign.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first case of pulmonary infarction in acute pulmonary embolism with the appearance of a reverse halo sign with a reticulonodular pattern.
Analytical method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of seven markers in polyherbal formulation JKC by using RP-HPLC
Authors: Misro Lakshminarayana , Boini Thirupataiah , Maurya Rahul , Radhakrishnan Thulasi , Rohith K. S. , Kumar Vijay , Sharma Preeti , Singh Arjun , Singh Ravindra , Srikanth Naryanam , Acharya Rabinarayan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The RP-HPLC method has been established to simultaneous estimation of seven markers in polyherbal formulation JKC using the C18 (25 × 0.46 cm, i.d,5 µm) column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol: water (80:20) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and observed retention time at 2 to 11 min with sharp points. The marker compounds viz. Andrographolide (AG), Piperine (PP), Picroside-I (P-I), Picroside-II (P-II), α-Cyprone (AC), 6-Shogaol (6S), and 6-Gingerol (6G) were quantified in JKC formulations by HPLC method. Detection was performed at the wavelength (λ) of 229 nm for AG, 343 nm for PP, 279 nm for P-I, 264 nm for P-II, 254 nm for AC, and 280 nm for both 6S and 6G by HPLC–PDA detector.

Results
The marker compounds in JKC formulations were observed in different retention times (Rt) i.e. AG at 3.060 ± 0.01 min, PP at 5.460 ± 0.03 min, P-I at 2.789 ± 0.02 min, P-II at 2.553 ± 0.03 min, AC at 10.951 ± 0.02 min, 6S at 6.302 ± 0.03 min, and 6G at 4.111 ± 0.02 min respectively. The proposed method was validated with acceptable linearity (r2 0.9995–0.9999), precision, robustness, ruggedness, and accuracy (RSD < 2%) under optimum conditions. The limit of detection and quantification of bioactive markers were as: AG (1.386; 4.200 ppm), PP (2.033; 6.161 ppm), P-I (2.822; 8.553 ppm), P-II (2.538; 7.691 ppm), AC (0.269; 0.815 ppm), 6G (0.158; 0.480 ppm), 6S (0.188; 0.569 ppm). The amount (mg/g) of bioactive markers detected and estimated in plants and formulation were as: AG (41.282 ± 0.48; 10.06 ± 0.18), PP (53.81 ± 0.25, 13.82 ± 0.37 in PN, PL; 4.27 ± 0.07), P-I (15.97 ± 0.01; 0.48 ± 0.003), P-II (63.24 ± 0.35; 2.31 ± 0.006), AC (0.42 ± 0.01; 0.36 ± 0.006), 6G (0.71 ± 0.03; 0.16 ± 0.001), and 6S (2.64 ± 0.09; 0.12 ± 0.004) respectively. Method was found to be rugged and robust. The results found for all the validation parameters were within the limits according to ICH guidelines.

Conclusion
The proposed method is fast, precise, economic, and specific and used for the simultaneously quantifiable analysis of seven major bioactive markers in the ingredients (herbs) and the JKC formulations.
Associations of activity, sedentary and sleep behaviors with oral health indictors in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Burns Ryan D. , Almes Hayley , Fu You 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of physical activity (PA), recreational screen time, and sleep with indicators of poor oral health in youth.

Methods
Participants were children and adolescents whose parents completed the 2022 National Survey of Children’s Health (N = 34,342; 49% female; Mean age = 11.9 +/- 3.5 years). The dependent variables were three binary response items that indicated the presence of toothaches, bleeding gums, and cavities within the previous 12 months. Independent variables were three items indicating the weekly frequency of 60 min of PA, hours of recreational screen time, and hours of weeknight sleep. Relationships between variables were examined using double-selection logistic regression with demographic, dietary, oral hygiene, and dental service covariates selected using the plug-in method of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator.

Results
Compared to zero days of PA, 4–6 days of PA per week was associated with 30% lower odds of bleeding gums (p = 0.021). Compared to less than 1 h of recreational screen time, 2 h or more hours of recreational screen time were associated with a 1.26 to 1.62 times higher odds of cavities (p < 0.01). Compared to 5 h or less of sleep, 7 to 10 h of sleep was associated with 47–61% lower odds of bleeding gums and 31–47% lower odds of cavities (p < 0.01). Secondary analyses indicated that at least 2 of the movement behavior recommendations had to have been adhered to for positive associations with indicators of oral health to be observed. For toothaches, bleeding gums, and cavities, meeting 2 or 3 recommendations was associated with lower odds of poor oral health; whereas adhering to only one recommendation was not.

Conclusion
Children with higher PA and sleep durations had improved oral health indicators and children with longer periods of screen time exposure had poorer oral health indicators. Our findings recommend adhering to multiple movement behavior recommendations to achieve improvements in oral health indicators.
Morphological and functional assessment of the left atrial appendage in daily practice: a comprehensive approach using basic and advanced echocardiography with practical tips
Authors: Anwar Ashraf M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCardioembolic stroke is the most serious and life-threatening complication of atrial fibrillation (AF), with an associated mortality up to 30% at 12 months. Approximately 47% of thrombi in valvular AF and 91% of thrombi in nonvalvular AF are localized in the left atrial appendage (LAA). Therefore, identification or exclusion of LAA thrombi is critical in many clinical situations. It is essential to assess LAA morphology and function using imaging modalities (particularly echocardiography) before, during, and after interventional procedures such as AF ablation and LAA occlusion. This review article describes the anatomical, physiological, and pathological background of the LAA, followed by an assessment of different echocardiographic modalities. Many practical points are included to improve the diagnostic accuracy and to minimize errors during image acquisition and interpretation. In each clinical scenario where LAA is the crucial target, specific and essential information and parameters are collected.
Navigating the Hematology-Oncology Fellowship Journey: Website Analysis and Insights
Authors: Abbagoni Vaidarshi , Ingawale Sushrut , Darooka Naitica , Kadam Esha , Ganguly Arup 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE The Hematology-Oncology (HO) fellowship stands as one of the most dynamic specialties within internal medicine. Applicants primarily rely on program websites for information gathering. Our study aims to assess the comprehensiveness of these websites, scrutinizing various categories crucial to applicants. We also evaluate website quality and accessibility of curriculum and recruitment content, identifying areas for enhancement. METHODS Our investigation encompasses 181 ACGME-accredited HO programs across the United States. We analyze data across 10 categories, encompassing program characteristics, faculty, fellows, alumni information, diversity inclusion, curriculum, visa requirements, and website navigation. Websites lacking accessible links are excluded from the search. RESULTS Data from 176 out of 181 programs are collected. 5 programs are excluded due to website unavailability. Across analyzed domains, most programs provide extensive information on training hospitals (88.6%). While 79.5% list current fellows and their educational backgrounds, only 33% mention alumni—a critical aspect for post-fellowship opportunities. Information on rotation sites (75.6%) and curriculum (81.8%) is prevalent. However, details on advanced fellowship programs are sparse, mentioned in only 13.6% of cases. Board pass rates are the least mentioned (1.1%). CONCLUSION Given the burgeoning demand for this specialty, it's imperative to enhance recruitment information on program websites to aid applicants in selecting the best fit. Information gaps persist, particularly regarding available positions and visa sponsorship—vital for applicants. While over half of the websites are easy to navigate, content richness requires further enhancement.
Optimizing HPV Vaccination Strategies in Multicultural and Diverse Settings: Defining Target Beneficiary Sub-Groups for Enhanced Coverage in Nigeria
Authors: Abdulkarim Amina , Ibrahim Raihanah , Osoteku Demilade , Aigbogun Eric , Anthony Joseph , Udhawuve Oghenekaro , Mustapha Zulaikatu Tun , Igbokwe Uchenna , Wonodi Chizoba , Aina Muyi 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE HPV Vaccine introduction plans in LMICs targeting adolescent girls 9-15 years old usually categorize them as in-school and out-of-school girls and develop strategies to reach them. However, in diverse and multicultural countries like Nigeria, this broad categorization is insufficient to guarantee successful HPV vaccine introduction. There is a need to decompose these broad categories into sub-groups that can be targeted through distinct supply, demand, and advocacy strategies. This research provides the various sub-categories of eligible girls in Nigeria beyond the general in-school vs. out-of-school categories, emphasizing the need for targeted strategies that leave no one behind! METHODS A mixed-method study combining literature article from online databases and qualitative interviews. Literature sources included PUBMED, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and grey literatures, which were categorized into four research themes: financing, partnerships, service delivery, and demand generation. Qualitative interviews comprised structured key informant interviews (KIIs) with government and non-government health and education managers and focus groups with various stakeholders such as adolescent girls, parents, religious leaders, etc. Thematic analysis was used to organize the findings from the qualitative interviews. RESULTS In-school adolescent girls can be sub-categorized based on classes (Primary/secondary school class), type of school (public vs private), and the location of school (urban, rural). Out-of-school adolescent girls who are presently not enrolled in any educational institution include adolescent girls in itinerant or nomadic communities, internally displaced persons camps, urban slums, remote rural, and those in security-challenged places. The various sub-categories may overlap. HPV vaccine introduction programs must develop targeted demand, supply, communication, and advocacy strategies to reach these distinct sub-categories of eligible girls. While school-based vaccination strategies are likely to succeed in Southern Nigeria, given the average adolescent school attendance rate of 77%, the Northern region must rely on out-of-school strategies targeting the various subgroups, given that the school attendance rate is only 49%. CONCLUSION Tailoring service delivery, demand, and advocacy strategies based on specific sub-categories of eligible girls is essential for successful HPV vaccination program implementation in Nigeria and similar LMICs. This research provides actionable insights to ensure comprehensive vaccination coverage, ultimately reducing cervical cancer burden.