bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early intervention services in psychosis: from evidence to wide implementation
Authors: Csillag Claudio , Nordentoft Merete , Mizuno Masafumi , Jones Peter B. , Killackey Eóin , Taylor Matthew , Chen Eric , Kane John , McDaid David 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimEarly intervention (EI) in psychosis is a comprehensive and evidence‐based approach aimed at detection and treatment of psychotic symptoms in their early stages. This paper presents core features and noteworthy aspects of the evidence basis and limitations of EI, the importance of programme fidelity, challenges for its widespread dissemination and economic perspectives related to it.MethodsThis paper is a narrative review about the evidence supporting EI and the challenges to its widespread dissemination.ResultsIn spite of evidence of a wide range of benefits, widespread dissemination has been slow, and even currently implemented programmes might be threatened. This reflects in part the shortcomings of mental health care in general, such as low priority for funding, stigma and structural problems. Successful examples of advocacy, mobilization and destigmatization campaigns have overcome these difficulties.ConclusionsFunding for mental health in general and for EI services appears low relative to need. One key argument for better funding for EI can be found in its favourable cost‐effectiveness, but not all stakeholders beyond mental health administrators are aware of this. Positive impacts of EI programmes on excess unemployment and tax forgone suggest that social affairs and labour ministries – and not only health ministries – could be more involved in governance of mental health issues; ministries of justice and education are other sector stakeholders than can benefit. Wider dissemination of EI services will probably benefit from better integration of potential funders, promotion of joint targets and shared financial or budgetary incentives.
Efficacy of air polishing for the non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implant diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Becker Kathrin , Renvert Stefan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFocused QuestionIn patients suffering from peri‐implant diseases, what is the efficacy of air polishing on changing signs of inflammation compared with control treatments (i.e. alternative measures for plaque removal with or without adjunctive antiseptic and/ or antibiotic therapy)?Material & MethodsAfter electronic database and hand search, 10 full‐text articles were independently screened by two reviewers. Finally, a total of five studies (six publications) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The weighted mean difference (WMD) [p; 95% CI] in bleeding on probing‐ (BOP) (primary outcome) and probing pocket depth‐ (PD) reductions was estimated using a random effect model.ResultsAll studies reported on residual BOP scores after therapy. A narrative data synthesis did not reveal any major improvement of bleeding index/ BOP or disease resolution following air polishing over mechanical debridement at mucositis sites. At peri‐implantitis sites, WMD in BOP reduction between test and control (mechanical debridement with or without local antiseptic therapy, Er:YAG laser) groups was −23.83% [p = 0.048; 95% CI (−47.47, −0.20)] favouring air polishing over control measures.ConclusionsWhile glycine powder air polishing is as effective as the control treatments at mucositis sites, it may improve the efficacy of non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis over the control measures investigated. A complete disease resolution was commonly not obtained.
Occurrence and risk indicators of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw after dental extraction: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gaudin Elise , Seidel Laurence , Bacevic Miljana , Rompen Eric , Lambert France 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimsThe primary objective was to assess the occurrence rate of Medication‐Related OsteoNecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) after dental extraction in patients treated with Antiresorptive Drugs (ARD) for OsteoPorosis (OP) or for oncological reasons. The secondary objective was to compare the extraction techniques regarding the occurrence of MRONJ.Materials and MethodsA systematic search in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS databases was performed. Prospective studies considering human patients treated with ARD and providing information regarding the occurrence of MRONJ after dental extraction were selected. Meta‐analysis for incidence of MRONJ at the patient level was performed. The effect of administration route and surgical technique on MRONJ was evaluated.ResultsThe risk of MRONJ after dental extraction was significantly higher in patients treated with ARD for oncological reasons (3.2%) than in those treated with per os ARD for OP (0.15%) (p < 0.0001). Dental extraction performed with adjusted extraction protocols decreased significantly MRONJ development. Potential risk indicators such as concomitant medications and pre‐existing osteomyelitis were identified.ConclusionThe risk of MRONJ after dental extraction in patients treated with ARD exists, especially in patients treated for oncologic reasons. This risk tends to decrease with adjusted extraction protocols.
The effect of oral collagen peptide supplementation on skin moisture and the dermal collagen network: evidence from an ex vivo model and randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trials
Authors: Asserin Jérome , Lati Elian , Shioya Toshiaki , Prawitt Janne 
Published: September 2015

SummaryBackgroundSkin dryness and an accelerated fragmentation of the collagen network in the dermis are hallmarks of skin aging. Nutrition is a key factor influencing skin health and consequently its appearance. A wide range of dietary supplements is offered to improve skin health. Collagen peptides are used as a bioactive ingredient in nutricosmetic products and have been shown in preclinical studies to improve skin barrier function, to induce the synthesis of collagen and hyaluronic acid, and to promote fibroblast growth and migration. Our aim was to investigate the effect of oral supplementation with specific collagen peptides on skin hydration and the dermal collagen network in a clinical setting.MethodsTwo placebo‐controlled clinical trials were run to assess the effect of a daily oral supplementation with collagen peptides on skin hydration by corneometry, on collagen density by high‐resolution ultrasound and on collagen fragmentation by reflectance confocal microscopy. Human skin explants were used to study extracellular matrix components in the presence of collagen peptides ex vivo.ResultsOral collagen peptide supplementation significantly increased skin hydration after 8 weeks of intake. The collagen density in the dermis significantly increased and the fragmentation of the dermal collagen network significantly decreased already after 4 weeks of supplementation. Both effects persisted after 12 weeks. Ex vivo experiments demonstrated that collagen peptides induce collagen as well as glycosaminoglycan production, offering a mechanistic explanation for the observed clinical effects.ConclusionThe oral supplementation with collagen peptides is efficacious to improve hallmarks of skin aging.
Clinical effect of azithromycin as an adjunct to non‐surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials
Authors: Zhang Z. , Zheng Y. , Bian X. 
Published: September 2015

The results of recent published studies focusing on the effect of azithromycin as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis are inconsistent. We conducted a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials to examine the effect of azithromycin combined with SRP on periodontal clinical parameters as compared to SRP alone. An electronic search was carried out on Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from their earliest records through December 28, 2014 to identify studies that met pre‐stated inclusion criteria. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also reviewed. Data were extracted independently by two authors. Either a fixed‐ or random‐effects model was used to calculate the overall effect sizes of azithromycin on probing depth, attachment level (AL) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Q test and I2 statistic. Publication bias was evaluated by Begg's test and Egger's test. A total of 14 trials were included in the meta‐analysis. Compared with SRP alone, locally delivered azithromycin plus SRP statistically significantly reduced probing depth by 0.99 mm (95% CI 0.42–1.57) and increased AL by 1.12 mm (95% CI 0.31–1.92). In addition, systemically administered azithromycin plus SRP statistically significantly reduced probing depth by 0.21 mm (95% CI 0.12–0.29), BOP by 4.50% (95% CI 1.45–7.56) and increased AL by 0.23 mm (95% CI 0.07–0.39). Sensitivity analysis yielded similar results. No evidence of publication bias was observed. The additional benefit of systemic azithromycin was shown at the initially deep probing depth sites, but not at shallow or moderate sites. The overall effect sizes of systemic azithromycin showed a tendency to decrease with time, and meta‐regression analysis suggested a negative relation between the length of follow‐up and net change in probing depth (r = −0.05, p = 0.02). This meta‐analysis provides further evidence that azithromycin used as an adjunct to SRP significantly improves the efficacy of non‐surgical periodontal therapy on reducing probing depth, BOP and improving AL, particularly at the initially deep probing depth sites.
Low but significant genetic differentiation underlies biologically meaningful phenotypic divergence in a large Atlantic salmon population
Authors: Aykanat Tutku , Johnston Susan E. , Orell Panu , Niemelä Eero , Erkinaro Jaakko , Primmer Craig R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDespite decades of research assessing the genetic structure of natural populations, the biological meaning of low yet significant genetic divergence often remains unclear due to a lack of associated phenotypic and ecological information. At the same time, structured populations with low genetic divergence and overlapping boundaries can potentially provide excellent models to study adaptation and reproductive isolation in cases where high‐resolution genetic markers and relevant phenotypic and life history information are available. Here, we combined single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based population inference with extensive phenotypic and life history data to identify potential biological mechanisms driving fine‐scale subpopulation differentiation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from the Teno River, a major salmon river in Europe. Two sympatrically occurring subpopulations had low but significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.018) and displayed marked differences in the distribution of life history strategies, including variation in juvenile growth rate, age at maturity and size within age classes. Large, late‐maturing individuals were virtually absent from one of the two subpopulations, and there were significant differences in juvenile growth rates and size at age after oceanic migration between individuals in the respective subpopulations. Our findings suggest that different evolutionary processes affect each subpopulation and that hybridization and subsequent selection may maintain low genetic differentiation without hindering adaptive divergence.
The population genomics of rapid adaptation: disentangling signatures of selection and demography in white sands lizards
Authors: Laurent Stefan , Pfeifer Susanne P. , Settles Matthew L. , Hunter Samuel S. , Hardwick Kayla M. , Ormond Louise , Sousa Vitor C. , Jensen Jeffrey D. , Rosenblum Erica Bree 
Published: September 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the process of adaptation during rapid environmental change remains one of the central focal points of evolutionary biology. The recently formed White Sands system of southern New Mexico offers an outstanding example of rapid adaptation, with a variety of species having rapidly evolved blanched forms on the dunes that contrast with their close relatives in the surrounding dark soil habitat. In this study, we focus on two of the White Sands lizard species,Sceloporus cowlesiandAspidoscelis inornata, for which previous research has linked mutations in the melanocortin‐1 receptor gene (Mc1r) to blanched coloration. We sampled populations both on and off the dunes and used a custom sequence capture assay based on probed fosmid libraries to obtain >50 kb of sequence aroundMc1rand hundreds of other random genomic locations. We then used model‐based statistical inference methods to describe the demographic and adaptive history characterizing the colonization of White Sands. We identified a number of similarities between the two focal species, including strong evidence of selection in the blanched populations in theMc1rregion. We also found important differences between the species, suggesting different colonization times, different genetic architecture underlying the blanched phenotype and different ages of the beneficial alleles. Finally, the beneficial allele is dominant inS. cowlesiand recessive inA. inornata, allowing for a rare empirical test of theoretically expected patterns of selective sweeps under these differing models.
Long‐term outcomes and predictors in pediatric liver retransplantation
Authors: Dreyzin Alexandra , Lunz John , Venkat Veena , Martin Lillian , Bond Geoffrey J. , Soltys Kyle A. , Sindhi Rakesh , Mazariegos George V. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHistorically, 9–29% of pediatric liver transplant recipients have required retransplantation. Although outcomes have improved over the last decade, currently published patient and graft survival remain lower after retransplant than after primary transplant. Data from liver retransplantation recipients at our institution between 1991 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to depict patient and graft survival. Predictors of survival were analyzed using a series of Cox proportional hazards models. Predictors were analyzed separately for patients who had “early” (≤30 days after primary transplant) and “late” retransplants. Eighty‐four patients underwent retransplant at a median time of 241 days. Sixty percent had late retransplants. At one, five, and 10 yr, actuarial patient and graft survival were 73%/71%, 66%/63%, and 58%/53%, respectively. Since 2002, patient and graft survival improved to 86%/86% at one yr and 93%/87% at five yr. While operative complications were a common cause of death after earlier retransplants, since 2002, infection has been the only cause of death. Significant morbidities at five‐yr follow‐up include renal dysfunction (15%), diabetes (13%), hypertension (26%), chronic rejection (7%), and PTLD (2%). Current survival after pediatric liver retransplantation has improved significantly, but long‐term immunosuppressant morbidity remains an opportunity for improvement.
A Pilot Study on the Use of Acupuncture Or Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Mixed Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Solberg Mona , Alræk Terje , Mdala Ibrahimu , Klovning Atle 
Published: September 2015

Objectives To determine the feasibility and acceptability of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) acupuncture and pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in reducing symptoms and bothersomeness in women with mixed urinary incontinence (MUI); and to estimate the sample size for a full scale trial. Methods Thirty-four women with MUI were randomly assigned to either 12 sessions of TCM acupuncture, 12 sessions of PFMT, or to a waiting list control group. Outcome measures included an assessment of interest to participate in the trial, identification of successful recruitment strategies, the appropriateness of eligibility criteria, and compliance with treatment. Clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks, and included the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence-Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF), expectations of treatment effect, and adverse events. Results Recruitment was feasible and randomisation worked adequately by means of SurveyMonkey. SurveyMonkey does not permit stratification by ICIQ-UI SF baseline score. Fourteen of 22 women found the treatment options acceptable. The dropout rate was high, especially in the control group (6/12). Outcome forms were completed by 20 of 34 women. The median (IQR) changes of the ICIQ-UI SF scores in the acupuncture, physiotherapy, and waiting list group were 5.5 (2.3 to 6.8), 1.0 (−3.0 to 4.5), and 1.5 (−1.5 to 3.0), respectively, suggesting the need for a full scale trial. Conclusions Women with MUI were willing to participate in this study. There is a need for adjusting eligibility criteria. A sample size of 129 women, 43 in three arms, is required. No major adverse events occurred.
Development and Implementation of a Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) 'Toolkit'
Authors: Tatham Mandy , Macfarlane Gill , MacRae Morag , Tully Vicki , Craig Karen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIndwelling urinary catheters are a commonly used invasive medical device within acute and non-acute settings in NHS Scotland. The second National Survey of the Prevalence of Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI) in Scotland 2011 identified that 19.2% of patients surveyed had an indwelling urinary catheter. In this survey, Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) were identified as the most prevalent type of HAI at 22.6% in acute settings and 39% in non-acute settings [1].In September 2013 the Scottish Government released a Chief Executive Letter (CEL 19) which identified Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) as one of the nine Points of Care Priorities within the Scottish Patient Safety Programme, with the aim of reducing CAUTI by 30% by end of December 2015 measured against a national definition [2].This quality improvement project saw the development, testing and introduction within NHS Tayside of an evidenced based bundle of care. This was to standardise and drive quality care delivery for the insertion and maintenance of urethral urinary catheters with the intention of reducing catheter associated urinary tract infections in our patients. Data collection tools and data reporting mechanisms were also developed, tested and introduced using a national CAUTI definition to capture data for improvement and local and national reporting of progress.
Withdrawal of ventilation at the patient's request in MND: a retrospective exploration of the ethical and legal issues that have arisen for doctors in the UK
Authors: Phelps Kay , Regen Emma , Oliver David , McDermott Chris , Faull Christina 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundVentilatory support has benefits including prolonging survival for respiratory failure in motor neurone disease (MND). At some point some patients may wish to stop the intervention. The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance recommends research is needed on ventilation withdrawal. There is little literature focusing on the issues doctors encounter when withdrawing ventilation at the request of a patient.AimTo identify and explore with doctors the ethical and legal issues that they had encountered in the withdrawal of ventilation at the request of a patient with MND.MethodA retrospective thematic analysis of interviews of 24 doctors (including palliative care, respiratory, neurology and general practice) regarding their experiences with withdrawal of ventilation support from patients with MND.ResultsRespondents found withdrawal of ventilation at the request of patients with MND to pose legal, ethical and moral challenges in five themes: ethical and legal rights to withdrawal from treatment; discussions with family; discussions with colleagues; experiences of legal advice; issues contributing to ethical complexity. Though clear about the legality of withdrawal of treatment in theory, the practice led to ethical and moral uncertainty and mixed feelings. Many respondents had experienced negative reactions from other healthcare professionals when these colleagues were unclear of the distinction between palliation of symptoms, withdrawal of treatment and assisted death.ConclusionsLegal, ethical and practical guidance is needed for professionals who support a patient with MND who wishes to withdraw from ventilation. Open discussion of the ethical challenges is needed as well as education and support for professionals.
YAP Promotes Malignant Progression of Lkb1-Deficient Lung Adenocarcinoma through Downstream Regulation of Survivin
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Gao Yijun , Li Fuming , Tong Xinyuan , Ren Yan , Han Xiangkun , Yao Shun , Long Fei , Yang Zhongzhou , Fan Hengyu , Zhang Lei , Ji Hongbin 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase LKB1 is a well-characterized tumor suppressor that governs diverse cellular processes, including growth, polarity, and metabolism. Somatic-inactivating mutations in LKB1 are observed in about 15% to 30% of non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). LKB1 inactivation confers lung adenocarcinomas (ADC) with malignant features that remain refractory to therapeutic intervention. YAP activation has been linked to LKB1 deficiency, but the role of YAP in lung ADC formation and progression is uncertain. In this study, we showed that ectopic expression of YAP in type II alveolar epithelial cells led to hyperplasia in mouse lungs. YAP overexpression in the KrasG12D lung cancer mouse model accelerated lung ADC progression. Conversely, YAP deletion dramatically delayed the progression of lung ADC in LKB1-deficient KrasG12D mice. Mechanistic studies identified the antiapoptotic oncoprotein survivin as the downstream mediator of YAP responsible for promoting malignant progression of LKB1-deficient lung ADC. Collectively, our findings identify YAP as an important contributor to lung cancer progression, rationalizing YAP inhibition in the context of LKB1 deficiency as a therapeutic strategy to treat lung ADC. Cancer Res; 75(21); 4450–7. ©2015 AACR.
Altered resting-state functional connectivity in cognitively preserved pediatric-onset MS patients and relationship to structural damage and cognitive performance
Authors: Akbar Nadine , Till Christine , Sled John G , Binns Malcolm A , Doesburg Sam M , Aubert-Broche Berengere , Collins Donald Louis , Araujo David , Narayanan Sridar , Arnold Douglas L , Lysenko Magdalena , Banwell Brenda 
Published: September 2015

Objective: To evaluate resting-state functional connectivity (FC) and relationship to brain volumes and cognition in a sample of cognitively preserved pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Methods: Sixteen cognitively intact pediatric-onset MS patients and 15 healthy age- and sex-matched controls underwent cognitive testing and 3T anatomical and functional MRI. Resting-state FC patterns were examined using region-of-interest-based timeseries correlations. Results: Compared to controls, pediatric-onset MS patients demonstrated higher FC of the precuneus, particularly with the anterior cingulate cortex ( z=4.21, p<.001), frontal medial cortex ( z=3.48, p<.001), and cerebellum ( z=3.72, p<.001). Greater T2 lesion volume and lower normalized thalamic volume were associated with reduced FC of the thalamus, especially for FC with the right superior occipital region ( t=−2.87, p=.0123 and t=2.27, p=.04 respectively). FC of the left frontal medial cortex was negatively correlated with composite cognitive z-score in the pediatric-onset MS group ( p<.05). Conclusions: Greater resting-state FC between posterior and anterior brain regions is present in pediatric-onset MS. With greater disease-related structural pathology, there is a disruption of thalamo-cortical FC. In the absence of actual cognitive impairment, heightened FC of the frontal medial cortex was associated with lower cognitive performance, suggesting that greater functional resources are recruited during resting-state in patients with reduced cognitive efficiency.