bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The significant other: splicing by the minor spliceosome
Authors: Turunen Janne J. , Niemelä Elina H. , Verma Bhupendra , Frilander Mikko J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe removal of non‐coding sequences, introns, from the mRNA precursors is an essential step in eukaryotic gene expression. U12‐type introns are a minor subgroup of introns, distinct from the major or U2‐type introns. U12‐type introns are present in most eukaryotes but only account for less than 0.5% of all introns in any given genome. They are processed by a specific U12‐dependent spliceosome, which is similar to, but distinct from, the major spliceosome. U12‐type introns are spliced somewhat less efficiently than the major introns, and it is believed that this limits the expression of the genes containing such introns. Recent findings on the role of U12‐dependent splicing in development and human disease have shown that it can also affect multiple cellular processes not directly related to the functions of the host genes of U12‐type introns. At the same time, advances in understanding the regulation and phylogenetic distribution of the minor spliceosome are starting to shed light on how the U12‐type introns and the minor spliceosome may have evolved. WIREs RNA 2013, 4:61–76. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1141This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
Maturation of the auditory t‐complex brain response across adolescence
Authors: Mahajan Yatin , McArthur Genevieve 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAdolescence is a time of great change in the brain in terms of structure and function. It is possible to track the development of neural function across adolescence using auditory event‐related potentials (ERPs). This study tested if the brain's functional processing of sound changed across adolescence. We measured passive auditory t‐complex peaks to pure tones and consonant‐vowel (CV) syllables in 90 children and adolescents aged 10–18 years, as well as 10 adults. Across adolescence, Na amplitude increased to tones and speech at the right, but not left, temporal site. Ta amplitude decreased at the right temporal site for tones, and at both sites for speech. The Tb remained constant at both sites. The Na and Ta appeared to mature later in the right than left hemisphere. The t‐complex peaks Na and Tb exhibited left lateralization and Ta showed right lateralization. Thus, the functional processing of sound continued to develop across adolescence and into adulthood.
Induced abortion, contraceptive use, and dual protection among female sex workers in Moscow, Russia
Authors: Decker Michele R. , Yam Eileen A. , Wirtz Andrea L. , Baral Stefan D. , Peryshkina Alena , Mogilnyi Vladmir , Beyrer Chris 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo describe abortion history and current contraceptive use among female sex workers (FSWs) in Moscow, Russia.MethodsA clinic‐based survey was conducted among 147 FSWs in Moscow during an 8‐month period in 2005.ResultsIn total, 83 of 143 (58.0%) FSWs reported a history of abortion, with 45 of 143 (31.5%) indicating multiple abortions. Condoms were the primary form of contraception (145/146 [99.3%]); just 17 of 142 (12.0%) FSWs reported using non‐barrier modern contraception. All women who reported using a non‐barrier modern method also indicated condom use (i.e. dual protection). Non‐barrier contraceptive use was associated with inconsistent condom use (odds ratio [OR] 3.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–9.02) and multiple abortions (OR 4.71; 95% CI, 1.19–18.62).ConclusionThe results illustrate substantial risk for unintended pregnancy among FSWs. Further research is needed regarding the dynamics of non‐barrier contraception and condom use. Efforts to improve the health and wellbeing of FSWs should include access to safe and effective contraception, in addition to HIV prevention.
Surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation: State of the art, 2012
Authors: Nitta Takashi , Ishii Yosuke , Sakamoto Shun‐ichiro 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe development and introduction of radiofrequency ablation devices allowed maze procedure to be performed safely and easily, further enabling off‐pump pulmonary vein isolation through mini‐thoracotomy or thoracoscopy. The outcomes of the maze procedure include the prevention of stroke and other complications related to atrial fibrillation (AF), improvement in cardiac performance, and relief of symptoms. The indications for the maze procedure have been discussed on the basis of available evidence. Pulmonary vein isolation has been shown to be effective in most patients with paroxysmal AF, and can be performed with both endocardial catheter ablation and minimally invasive epicardial ablation. These 2 modalities should be compared in terms of the success rate, occurrence of cerebral microembolic signals, capability adding other lesions indicated for persistent or long‐standing persistent AF, and closure of the left atrial appendage. Noncontinuous or nontransmural lines of conduction block as a result of incomplete ablation can result in the recurrence of AF and induction of atrial tachycardia. Intraoperative verification of a conduction block across the ablation lines is recommended to prevent these complications. Volume reduction of the enlarged left atrium or a box lesion to isolate the entire posterior left atrium may be effective in patients with a dilated left atrium, but the potentially impaired atrial transport function should be considered. Mapping of active ganglionated plexi and their ablation may improve the outcome of the procedure; however, the long‐term effect on AF and autonomic nerve activities should be examined. Because the mechanism underlying AF varies in each patient, a tailor‐made therapy, using a stepwise approach, with a hybrid procedure combining epicardial and endocardial ablation offers promising prospects in the nonpharmacological treatment of AF.
Chinese perspective on newsvendor bias: An exploratory note
Authors: Cui Yin , Chen Lucy Gongtao , Chen Jian , Gavirneni Srinagesh , Wang Qi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractChinese and American decision makers demonstrated significantly different biases while making newsvendor decisions in a laboratory experiment that utilizes the open‐ended verbal protocol analysis approach. Chinese subjects (i) asked more questions before reaching their decision, which suggests that they are more cautious when making a decision; (ii) were more frequently able to come up with a new number as their decision whereas the American decision makers tended to use one of the given numbers as their decision; (iii) were more cognizant of salvage values and as a result ordered more than the American decision makers. Due to the open‐ended, time‐consuming nature of our experiment, our subject pool was small and thus we present these results as exploratory in nature and discuss directions that are worth further study in future experiments.
Generating controllable velocity fluctuations using twin oscillating hydrofoils
Authors: Harding S. F. , Bryden I. G. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAn experiment apparatus has been previously developed with the ability to independently control the instantaneous flow velocity in a water flume. This configuration, which uses two pitching hydrofoils to generate the flow fluctuations, allows the unsteady response of submerged structures to be studied over a wide range of driving frequencies and conditions. Linear unsteady lift theory has been used to calculate the instantaneous circulation about two pitching hydrofoils in uniform flow. A vortex model is then used to describe the circulation in the wakes that determine the velocity perturbations at the centreline between the foils. This paper introduces how the vortex model can be discretized to allow the inverse problem to be solved, such that the foil motions required to recreate a desired velocity time series can be determined. The results of this model are presented for the simplified cases of oscillatory velocity fluctuations in the vertical and stream-wise directions separately, and also simultaneously. The more general case of two-dimensional aperiodic velocity fluctuations is also presented, which demonstrates the capability of configuration between the suggested frequency limits of $0. 06\leq k\leq 1. 9$.
Far-field representation for the vertical force on a floating structure
Authors: McIver M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEquations are derived that relate the vertical hydrodynamic force on two- and three-dimensional structures that are floating in a fluid of infinite depth to the far-field dipole coefficient in the velocity potential. By an application of Green’s theorem to the radiation or scattering potential and a suitable test potential, the heave added mass, the heave damping and the vertical exciting force are shown to be expressible in terms of the dipole coefficient in the relevant potential. The results add to the known reciprocity relations, which relate quantities such as the damping and the exciting force to the amplitude of the far-field radiated wave. The expressions are valid at all frequencies, and their high- and low-frequency asymptotics are investigated.
Paying Attention: Overnight Returns and the Hidden Cost of Buying at the Open
Authors: Berkman Henk , Koch Paul D. , Tuttle Laura , Zhang Ying Jenny 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe find a strong tendency for positive returns during the overnight period followed by reversals during the trading day. This behavior is driven by an opening price that is high relative to intraday prices. It is concentrated among stocks that have recently attracted the attention of retail investors, it is more pronounced for stocks that are difficult to value and costly to arbitrage, and it is greater during periods of high overall retail investor sentiment. The additional implicit transaction costs for retail traders who buy high-attention stocks near the open frequently exceed the effective half spread.
Intraspecific variation between the ITS sequences ofToxocara canis,Toxocara catiandToxascaris leoninafrom different host species in south-western Poland
Authors: Fogt-Wyrwas R. , Mizgajska-Wiktor H. , Pacoń J. , Jarosz W. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSome parasitic nematodes can inhabit different definitive hosts, which raises the question of the intraspecific variability of the nematode genotype affecting their preferences to choose particular species as hosts. Additionally, the issue of a possible intraspecific DNA microheterogeneity in specimens from different parts of the world seems to be interesting, especially from the evolutionary point of view. The problem was analysed in three related species –Toxocara canis,Toxocara catiandToxascaris leonina– specimens originating from Central Europe (Poland). Using specific primers for species identification, internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 and ITS-2 regions were amplified and then sequenced. The sequences obtained were compared with sequences previously described for specimens originating from other geographical locations. No differences in nucleotide sequences were established inT. canisisolated from two different hosts (dogs and foxes). A comparison of ITS sequences ofT. canisfrom Poland with sequences deposited in GenBank showed that the scope of intraspecific variability of the species did not exceed 0.4%, while inT. catithe differences did not exceed 2%. Significant differences were found inT. leonina, where ITS-1 differed by 3% and ITS-2 by as much as 7.4% in specimens collected from foxes in Poland and dogs in Australia. Such scope of differences in the nucleotide sequence seems to exceed the intraspecific variation of the species.
Lateral sinus thrombosis following myringoplasty: a rare complication
Authors: Sim G , Lannigan F 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjective:We report lateral sinus thrombosis occurring as a rare complication following a routine and uneventful otological procedure.Case report:Lateral sinus thrombosis is a rare but known complication of otitis media. It has not been documented as a complication of routine otological surgery. We present a case of this rare complication following a myringoplasty. We also discuss the presentation, investigation and treatment of lateral sinus thrombosis. It is essential to be able to recognise and treat this rare complication early, due to its high mortality rate.Conclusion:Lateral sinus thrombosis is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication. It is therefore essential for clinicians to be able to recognise and treat this condition early.
Cochlear implants and positron emission tomography
Authors: Aggarwal R , Green K M J 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjective:This review aimed to summarise present knowledge surrounding cochlear implants and neuroplasticity using positron emission tomography.Overview:Cochlear implants are an established device for severe sensorineural hearing loss. However, the outcomes following a cochlear implant are variable and unpredictable. Furthermore, despite increasing numbers of implantations taking place, there are still uncertainties regarding how individuals learn to process speech using an implant. Functional neuroimaging studies using techniques such as positron emission tomography provide an insight into the cortical changes that take place in patients with cochlear implants.Conclusion:Only when the underlying mechanisms responsible for speech processing in implantees are understood can appropriate rehabilitation for those with poor speech perception be provided and outcomes improved.
Modern management of juvenile recurrent parotitis
Authors: Capaccio P , Sigismund P E , Luca N , Marchisio P , Pignataro L 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAims:To evaluate modern diagnostic and therapeutic management of juvenile recurrent parotitis, and to show the benefits of operative sialoendoscopy on the basis of our experience in 14 patients and the results of others.Results:Ultrasonography is sensitive in detecting the pathological features of juvenile recurrent parotitis. Interventional sialoendoscopy is a safe and effective method of treating the disease. In our case series, after a mean follow-up time of 30 months only 5 patients experienced recurrence of symptoms, with a mean symptom-free period of 20 months.Conclusion:The use of modern, minimally invasive diagnostic tools such as colour Doppler ultrasonography, magnetic resonance sialography and sialoendoscopy represents a new frontier in the management of juvenile recurrent parotitis. Operative sialoendoscopy also has the important therapeutic benefit of reducing the number of recurrences of acute episodes of parotitis, thus giving patients a better quality of life until puberty.
A new species of Pyrgillus from India
Authors: SINGH Kirshna Pal , SINGH Pushpi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPyrgillus tibellii, a new lichen species, is described from India. It is characterized by mazaediate, perithecioid ascomata, an excipular margin with an orange reddish pruinose rim reacting K+ reddish violet, and large, 3-septate ascospores.
The true identity of Bulbothrix goebelii (Zenker) Hale and the re-establishment of some of its synonyms as accepted species
Authors: BENATTI M. N. , ELIX J. A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe type collection of Parmelia goebelii (Bulbothrix goebelii) was discovered to be a mixture of several different Bulbothrix species. The true identity of B. goebelii is established and problems regarding the variability of this species discussed. The species B. papyrina, B. scortella and B. subdissecta, synonymized with B. goebelii by Hale, are resurrected as valid taxa. A detailed description of B. goebelii is presented, its lectotype is selected, and the characteristics of all four species discussed.
Testing morphology-based delimitation of Vulpicida juniperinus and V. tubulosus (Parmeliaceae) using three molecular markers
Authors: MARK Kristiina , SAAG Lauri , SAAG Andres , THELL Arne , RANDLANE Tiina 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe delimitation of two morphologically similar and not easily separable Vulpicida species, V. juniperinus and V. tubulosus, is analyzed using nuclear ITS and Mcm7, and mitochondrial SSU DNA sequences. Seventy-nine Vulpicida specimens, most from the two focal taxa, are included in the three-locus gene tree. The results from Bayesian and parsimony analyses are presented. There are strong conflicts between the single locus gene trees. Vulpicida juniperinus and V. tubulosus are divided into two clearly distinguished groups in the ITS and concatenated B/MCMC tree. However, these species are mixed in both clades, appearing polyphyletic. Currently accepted V. juniperinus and V. tubulosus are not distinct according to the loci studied. Vulpicida pinastri appears monophyletic based on the available sequences.
A study of the pruinose species of Hypogymnia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) from China
Authors: WEI Xin-Li , WEI Jiang-Chun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSix pruinose species of Hypogymnia are reported in this paper, including one new species Hypogymniapruinoidea. The type of Hypogymnia pseudopruinosa was found to be a mixture with H. laccata. Hypogymnia pseudopruinosa is therefore typified with a lectotype, and the description of H. pseudopruinosa is revised. Distributions of the six pruinose species are given and discussed. Comments on differences and similarities between pruinose species of Hypogymnia are made. Diagnostic characters of each species, and a key to the pruinose species of Hypogymnia in China, are also provided.
Cecidiomyces, a new subantarctic lichenicolous hyphomycete genus
Authors: ZHURBENKO Mikhail P. , BRAUN Uwe 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCecidiomyces santessoniigen. & sp. nov., found onStereocaulonspecies on the subantarctic Macquarie Island (Tasmania, Australia), is described, illustrated and compared with other morphologically similar genera and species. It is characterized by a lichenicolous habit, gall-formation, caespitose to sporodochial colonies, semi-macronematous, monoblastic, determinate conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, solitary, 0–1-euseptate, pigmented conidia, and schizolytic conidial secession.
Comparative reproductive biology of Sciaenidae family species in the Río de la Plata and Buenos Aires Coastal Zone, Argentina
Authors: Militelli M.I. , Macchi G.J. , Rodrigues K.A. 
Published: October 2012

A comparative analysis on various aspects of the reproductive biology of 7 Sciaenidae family species was done. In addition the reproductive parameters needed for stock assessment models were provided. The research covered the analysis of the duration of the breeding season and the estimation of reproductive variables such as size at maturity, fecundity and spawning frequency. When all species were considered together, some aspects of reproduction were similar, regarding the reproductive strategy; all species are batch spawners with indeterminate fecundity and an extensive reproductive season (approximately six months) except for Pogonias cromis, which showed a more limited spawning season (three months). With regard to reproductive potential, wide differences in fecundity values mainly due to the different sizes attained by each species were observed (range in batch fecundity values between 5000 and 2,800,000 hydrated oocytes). However, when relative fecundity was compared, average values were generally similar, ranging approximately between 150 and 200 hydrated oocytes per female gram. Pogonias cromis is the exception within this group, because the mean relative fecundity ranged between 75 and 98 hydrated oocytes per ovary-free female gram. This difference may be a consequence of the greater oocyte size reached by P. cromis eggs (1100–1400 μm) compared to the rest of sciaenid analysed (750–900).
Individual subject meta-analysis of parameters forCryptosporidium parvumshedding and diarrhoea in animal experimental models
Authors: ADELL A. D. , MILLER W. A. , HARVEY D. J. , VANWORMER E. , WUERTZ S. , CONRAD P. A. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYCryptosporidiumis a zoonotic protozoan parasite with public health importance worldwide. The objectives of this study were to (1) conduct a meta-analysis of published literature for oocyst shedding and diarrhoea outcomes, and (2) develop recommendations for standardization of experimental dose–response studies. Results showed that for the outcome of oocyst shedding in faeces, the covariates ‘experimental species’, ‘immunosuppression’, ‘oocyst dose’ and ‘oocyst dose’ × ‘age’ were all significant (P ⩽ 0·05). This study suggests that exposing mice, piglets, or ruminants, and using immunosuppressed experimental hosts, is more likely to result in oocyst shedding. For the outcome of diarrhoea in experimentally infected animal species, the key covariates ‘experimental species’, ‘age’ and ‘immunosuppression’ were significant (P ⩽ 0·2). Therefore, based on the results of this meta-analysis, these variables should be carefully reported and considered when designing experimental dose–response studies. Additionally, detection of possible publication bias highlights the need to publish additional studies that convey statistically non-significant as well as significant results in the future.
Increasing children's lunchtime consumption of fruit and vegetables: an evaluation of the Food Dudes programme
Authors: Upton Dominic , Upton Penney , Taylor Charlotte 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectivesAlthough previous research has shown that the Food Dudes programme increases children's fruit and vegetable consumption at school, there has been limited evaluation of the extent to which changes are maintained in the long term. Furthermore, despite knowledge that the nutritional content of home-supplied meals is lower than that of school-supplied meals, little consideration has been given to the programme's impact on meals provided from home. The present study therefore assessed the long-term effectiveness of the Food Dudes programme for both school- and home-supplied lunches.DesignTwo cohorts of children participated, one receiving the Food Dudes intervention and a matched control group who did not receive any intervention. Consumption of fruit and vegetables was assessed pre-intervention, then at 3 and 12 months post-intervention. Consumption was measured across five consecutive days in each school using weighed intake (school-provided meals) and digital photography (home-provided meals).SettingFifteen primary schools, six intervention (n 1282) and seven control schools (n 1151).SubjectsParticipants were children aged 4–11 years.ResultsA significant increase in the consumption of fruit and vegetables was found at 3 months for children in the intervention schools, but only for those eating school-supplied lunches. However, increases were not maintained at 12 months.ConclusionsThe Food Dudes programme has a limited effect in producing even short-term changes in children's fruit and vegetable consumption at lunchtime. Further development work is required to ensure the short- and long-term effectiveness of interventions promoting fruit and vegetable consumption in children such as the Food Dudes programme.