bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a ubiquitously transferrable silver‐nanoparticle‐loaded polymer nanosheet as an antimicrobial coating
Authors: Ito Keisuke , Saito Akihiro , Fujie Toshinori , Miyazaki Hiromi , Kinoshita Manabu , Saitoh Daizoh , Ohtsubo Shinya , Takeoka Shinji 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUltra‐thin polymer films (nanosheets) fabricated by a layer‐by‐layer (LbL) method possess unique properties such as high flexibility, adhesive strength, and transparency, and can be peeled off from a substrate and attached to various surfaces via a water‐soluble supporting film. Therefore, flexible and transferrable LbL nanosheets are convenient tools as coating materials. Here, we fabricated a novel antimicrobial coating material by embedding silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in an LbL nanosheet composed of layers of chitosan and sodium alginate (Ag‐LbL nanosheet) by means of a photo‐reduction method. Optimizing the amount of irradiated energy applied led to robust antimicrobial efficacy against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), sufficient to meet ISO standards (ISO 22196), while maintaining the flexibility and adhesive potency of the LbL nanosheet. Thus, the Ag‐LbL nanosheet is a promising coating material that can provide antimicrobial efficacy to various surfaces. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 585–593, 2016.
Prenatal developmental safety of functional polyurethanes for cardiovascular implants
Authors: Gu Yongjiang , Sun Fan , Xie Xingyi , Wu Xiangyang , Zhang Ze , Guidoin Robert , Fu Qiang , Zhong Yinping , Zhao Changsheng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHistorically, polyurethanes have been regarded as promising materials for cardiovascular implants such as vascular grafts and heart valves. Their biocompatibility has been thoroughly investigated. However, their developmental toxicity is seldom reported. We recently developed two polycarbonate urethanes with polyethylene glycol side chains capped with epoxy or amino groups that can further react with specific biomolecules. Both materials in microfibrillar morphology were subjected to saline extraction at 70°C to prompt material hydrolysis. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography all confirmed the degradation of the polyurethanes. The saline extracts containing the degradation products were administered to Sprague‐Dawley female rats on day 7 to 16 of gestation via tail vein injection at a dose of 5 mL/kg/day. No maternal toxicity was observed. No external, skeletal, and visceral malformations in fetuses were found associated with the test materials, implying their safety to both adult rats and the offspring. Further investigations for applications in vascular grafts are under way. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 606–614, 2016.
Cytocompatibility evaluation ofNiMnSn meta‐magnetic shape memory alloys for biomedical applications
Authors: Guiza‐Arguello Viviana R. , Monroe James A. , Karaman Ibrahim , Hahn Mariah S. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTRecently, magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) have emerged as an interesting extension to conventional shape memory alloys (SMAs) due to their capacity to undergo reversible deformation in response to an externally applied magnetic field. Meta‐magnetic SMAs (M‐MSMAs) are a class of MSMAs that are able to transform magnetic energy to mechanical work by harnessing a magnetic‐field induced phase transformation, and thus have the capacity to impose up to 10 times greater stress than conventional MSMAs. As such, M‐MSMAs may hold substantial promise in biomedical applications requiring extracorporeal device activation. In the present study, the cytotoxicity and ion release from an Ni50Mn36Sn14atomic percent composition M‐MSMA were evaluated using NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Initial studies showed that the viability of cells exposed to NiMnSn ion leachants was 60 to 67% of tissue culture polystyrene (TCP) controls over 10 to 14 days of culture. This represents a significant improvement in cytocompatibility relative to NiMnGa alloys, one of the most extensively studied MSMA systems, which have been reported to induce 80% cell death in only 48 h. Furthermore, NiMnSn M‐MSMA associated cell viability was increased to 80% of TCP controls following layer‐by‐layer alloy coating with poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(acrylic acid) [PAH/PAA]. Ion release measures revealed that the PAH/PAA coatings decreased total Sn and Mn ion release by 50% and 25%, respectively, and optical microscopy evaluation indicated that the coatings reduced NiMnSn surface oxidation. To our knowledge, this study presents the first cytotoxicity evaluation of NiMnSn M‐MSMAs and lays the groundwork for their further biological evaluation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 853–863, 2016.
Early cell response to contact with biomaterial's surface
Authors: Komorowski Piotr , Walkowiak‐Przybyło Magdalena , Walkowiak Bogdan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMost biomaterials at present have sufficient mechanical properties; however compliance with standards for biocompatibility is often not sufficient in clinical practice. This may be due to the complexity of biological systems in general and the diversity of individual responses to these materials by implant recipients. Significant improvement of biocompatibility must involve surface modification of implants, which in the future will make it possible to introduce individually selected types of surface modification for individual recipients. The key to this technology seems to be understanding the processes occurring at the site of contact of the implant with the tissue. Processes resulting from the stress generated by the contact of the biomaterial surfaces were observed with endothelial cells line EA.hy926, and it was demonstrated that differently modified surfaces of medical steel (polished medical steel and medical steel coated with Parylene C and nanocrystalline diamond) cause diverse cellular response in cells grown on these surfaces, on both the cellular (cell morphology and cell survival) and molecular (transcriptome and proteome profiles) levels. The herein presented observations are a good starting point not only for further research and the development of far‐reaching personalization of medical implants, but also to study the potential use of cells as a specific sensor capable of recognizing different surfaces with which these cells come into contact. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 880–893, 2016.
Characterization and cytocompatibility of a new injectable multiphasic bone substitute based on a combination of polysaccharide gel‐coated OSPROLIFE® HA/TTCP granules and bone marrow concentrate
Authors: Pierini Michela , Lucarelli Enrico , Duchi Serena , Prosperi Susanna , Preve Eleonora , Piccinini Marzio , Bucciotti Francesco , Donati Davide 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro cytocompatibility of a novel injectable multiphasic bone substitute (MBS) based on polysaccharide gel‐coated OSPROLIFE® hydroxyapatite (HA)/tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) granules combined with bone marrow concentrate (BMC). Polysaccharide gel‐coated granules loaded in syringe were combined with BMC diluted in ionic crosslinking solution. The product was then maintained in culture to investigate the cytocompatibility, distribution, and osteogenic differentiation function of cells contained in the BMC. The in vitro cytocompatibility was assessed after 0, 24, and 96 h from the injectable MBS preparation using the LIVE/DEAD® staining kit. The results highlighted that cells remained viable after combination with the polysaccharide gel‐coated granules; also, viability was maintained over time. The distribution of the cells in the product, observed using confocal microscopy, showed viable cells immersed in the polysaccharide gel formed between the granules after ionic crosslinking. The mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) contained in the injectable MBS, the basic elements for bone tissue regeneration, were able to differentiate toward osteoblasts, producing an osteogenic matrix as evidenced by alizarin red‐s (AR‐S) staining. In conclusion, we found that the injectable MBS may have the potential to be used as a bone substitute by applying a “one‐step” procedure in bone tissue engineering applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 894–902, 2016.
An iterative approach to respiratory self‐navigated whole‐heart coronary MRA significantly improves image quality in a preliminary patient study
Authors: Ginami Giulia , Bonanno Gabriele , Schwitter Juerg , Stuber Matthias , Piccini Davide 
Published: May 2015

PurposeIn respiratory self‐navigated coronary MRA, the selection of a reference position may have a direct effect on image quality. While end‐expiration is commonly used as reference, it may be ill defined in cases of irregular breathing. Here, an iterative self‐navigation approach that operates without a reference position was implemented and tested in healthy volunteers and patients.MethodsData were acquired in 15 healthy volunteers and in 23 patients. Images obtained with end‐expiratory self‐navigation were compared with those obtained with the iterative approach that incorporates cross‐correlation to iteratively minimize a global measure of respiratory displacement. Vessel sharpness, length, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) were evaluated while differences in breathing patterns between the two sub‐groups were assessed, too.ResultsVessel sharpness and length were similar for both methods in healthy volunteers. In patients, a significant improvement in vessel sharpness and length was obtained using the iterative approach. SNR and CNR remained constant. While end‐expiration was the most frequent respiratory phase in healthy volunteers (57.6 ± 16.2%), intermediate respiratory phases (43.4 ± 30.1%) were predominantly found in patients.ConclusionAn iterative approach to respiratory motion correction in self‐navigation may lead to significant improvements in coronary MRA image quality in patients with a less consistent end‐expiratory respiratory phase. Magn Reson Med 75:1594–1604, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Urinary biomarkers of chronic allograft nephropathy
Authors: Cassidy Hilary , Slyne Jennifer , O'Kelly Patrick , Traynor Carol , Conlon Peter J. , Johnston Olwyn , Slattery Craig , Ryan Michael P. , McMorrow Tara 
Published: May 2015

PurposeChronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) is widely accepted as the leading cause of renal allograft loss after the first year post transplantation. This study aimed to identify urinary biomarkers that could predict CAN in transplant patients.Experimental designThe study included 34 renal transplant patients with histologically proven CAN and 36 renal transplant patients with normal renal function. OrbiTrap MS was utilized to analysis a urinary fraction in order to identify other members of a previously identified biomarker tree . This novel biomarker pattern offers the potential to distinguish between transplant recipients with CAN and those with normal renal function.ResultsThe primary node of the biomarker pattern was reconfirmed as β2 microglobulin. Three other members of this biomarker pattern were identified: neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin, clusterin, and kidney injury biomarker 1. Significantly higher urinary concentrations of these proteins were found in patients with CAN compared to those with normal kidney function.Conclusions and clinical relevanceWhile further validation in a larger more‐diverse patient population is required to determine if this biomarker pattern provides a potential means of diagnosing CAN by noninvasive methods in a clinical setting, this study clearly demonstrates the biomarkers’ ability to stratify patients based on transplant function.
Behavioral Therapies for Management of Premature Ejaculation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cooper Katy , Martyn-St James Marrissa , Kaltenthaler Eva , Dickinson Kath , Cantrell Anna , Wylie Kevan , Frodsham Leila , Hood Catherine 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Premature ejaculation (PE) is defined by short ejaculatory latency and inability to delay ejaculation causing distress. Management may involve behavioral and/or pharmacological approaches.

Aim
To systematically review the randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence for behavioral therapies in the management of PE.

Methods
Nine databases including MEDLINE were searched up to August 2014. Included RCTs compared behavioral therapy against waitlist control or another therapy, or behavioral plus drug therapy against drug treatment alone. [Correction added on 10 September 2015, after first online publication: Search period has been amended from August 2013 to August 2014.]

Main Outcome Measure
Intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), sexual satisfaction, ejaculatory control, and anxiety and adverse effects.

Results
Ten RCTs (521 participants) were included. Overall risk of bias was unclear. All studies assessed physical techniques, including squeeze and stop-start, sensate focus, stimulation device, and pelvic floor rehabilitation. Only one RCT included a psychotherapeutic approach (combined with stop-start and drug treatment). Four trials compared behavioral therapies against waitlist control, of which two (involving squeeze, stop-start, and sensate focus) reported IELT differences of 7–9 minutes, whereas two (web-based sensate focus, stimulation device) reported no difference in ejaculatory latency posttreatment. For other outcomes (sexual satisfaction, desire, and self-confidence), some waitlist comparisons significantly favored behavioral therapy, whereas others were not significant. Three trials favored combined behavioral and drug treatment over drug treatment alone, with small but significant differences in IELT (0.5–1 minute) and significantly better results on other outcomes (sexual satisfaction, ejaculatory control, and anxiety). Direct comparisons of behavioral therapy vs. drug treatment gave mixed results, mostly either favoring drug treatment or showing no significant difference. No adverse effects were reported, though safety data were limited.

Conclusions
There is limited evidence that physical behavioral techniques for PE improve IELT and other outcomes over waitlist and that behavioral therapies combined with drug treatments give better outcomes than drug treatments alone. Further RCTs are required to assess psychotherapeutic approaches to PE.
GENESIS: a hybrid‐parallel and multi‐scale molecular dynamics simulator with enhanced sampling algorithms for biomolecular and cellular simulations
Authors: Jung Jaewoon , Mori Takaharu , Kobayashi Chigusa , Matsunaga Yasuhiro , Yoda Takao , Feig Michael , Sugita Yuji 
Published: May 2015

GENESIS(Generalized‐Ensemble Simulation System) is a new software package for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of macromolecules. It has twoMDsimulators, calledATDYNandSPDYN.ATDYNis parallelized based on an atomic decomposition algorithm for the simulations of all‐atom force‐field models as well as coarse‐grained Go‐like models.SPDYNis highly parallelized based on a domain decomposition scheme, allowing large‐scaleMDsimulations on supercomputers. Hybrid schemes combiningOpenMPandMPIare used in both simulators to target modern multicore computer architectures. Key advantages ofGENESISare (1) the highly parallel performance ofSPDYNfor very large biological systems consisting of more than one million atoms and (2) the availability of variousREMDalgorithms (T‐REMD,REUS, multi‐dimensionalREMDfor both all‐atom and Go‐like models under theNVT,NPT,NPAT, andNPγTensembles). The former is achieved by a combination of the midpoint cell method and the efficient three‐dimensional Fast Fourier Transform algorithm, where the domain decomposition space is shared in real‐space and reciprocal‐space calculations. Other features inSPDYN, such as avoiding concurrent memory access, reducing communication times, and usage of parallel input/output files, also contribute to the performance. We show theREMDsimulation results of a mixed (POPC/DMPC) lipid bilayer as a real application usingGENESIS.GENESISis released as free software under theGPLv2licence and can be easily modified for the development of new algorithms and molecular models.WIREs Comput Mol Sci2015, 5:310–323. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1220This article is categorized under:Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and BiophysicsComputer and Information Science > Computer Algorithms and ProgrammingMolecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte-Carlo Methods
Structure and mechanism of the T‐box riboswitches
Authors: Zhang Jinwei , Ferré‐D'Amaré Adrian R. 
Published: May 2015

In most Gram‐positive bacteria, including many clinically devastating pathogens from genera such as Bacillus, Clostridium, Listeria, and Staphylococcus, T‐box riboswitches sense and regulate intracellular availability of amino acids through a multipartite messenger RNA (mRNA)–transfer RNA (tRNA) interaction. The T‐box mRNA leaders respond to nutrient starvation by specifically binding cognate tRNAs and sensing whether the bound tRNA is aminoacylated, as a proxy for amino acid availability. Based on this readout, T‐boxes direct a transcriptional or translational switch to control the expression of downstream genes involved in various aspects of amino acid metabolism: biosynthesis, transport, aminoacylation, transamidation, and so forth. Two decades after its discovery, the structural and mechanistic underpinnings of the T‐box riboswitch were recently elucidated, producing a wealth of insights into how two structured RNAs can recognize each other with robust affinity and exquisite selectivity. The T‐box paradigm exemplifies how natural noncoding RNAs can interact not just through sequence complementarity but can add molecular specificity by precisely juxtaposing RNA structural motifs, exploiting inherently flexible elements and the biophysical properties of post‐transcriptional modifications, ultimately achieving a high degree of shape complementarity through mutually induced fit. The T‐box also provides a proof‐of‐principle that compact RNA domains can recognize minute chemical changes (such as tRNA aminoacylation) on another RNA. The unveiling of the structure and mechanism of the T‐box system thus expands our appreciation of the range of capabilities and modes of action of structured noncoding RNAs, and hints at the existence of networks of noncoding RNAs that communicate through both, structural and sequence specificity. WIREs RNA 2015, 6:419–433. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1285This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics, and Chemistry
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Riboswitches
Form Follows Function: A Model for Clinical Supervision of Genetic Counseling Students
Authors: Wherley Colleen , Veach Patricia McCarthy , Martyr Meredith A. , LeRoy Bonnie S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSupervision plays a vital role in genetic counselor training, yet models describing genetic counseling supervision processes and outcomes are lacking. This paper describes a proposed supervision model intended to provide a framework to promote comprehensive and consistent clinical supervision training for genetic counseling students. Based on the principle “form follows function,” the model reflects and reinforces McCarthy Veach et al.'s empirically derived model of genetic counseling practice – the “Reciprocal Engagement Model” (REM). The REM consists of mutually interactive educational, relational, and psychosocial components. The Reciprocal Engagement Model of Supervision (REM‐S) has similar components and corresponding tenets, goals, and outcomes. The 5 REM‐S tenets are: Learning and applying genetic information are key; Relationship is integral to genetic counseling supervision; Student autonomy must be supported; Students are capable; and Student emotions matter. The REM‐S outcomes are: Student understands and applies information to independently provide effective services, develop professionally, and engage in self‐reflective practice. The 16 REM‐S goals are informed by the REM of genetic counseling practice and supported by prior literature. A review of models in medicine and psychology confirms the REM‐S contains supervision elements common in healthcare fields, while remaining unique to genetic counseling. The REM‐S shows promise for enhancing genetic counselor supervision training and practice and for promoting research on clinical supervision. The REM‐S is presented in detail along with specific examples and training and research suggestions.
The price does not include additional taxes, fees, and surcharges: A review of research on partitioned pricing
Authors: Greenleaf Eric A. , Johnson Eric J. , Morwitz Vicki G. , Shalev Edith 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn the past two decades, pricing research has paid increasing attention to instances where a product's price is divided into a base price and one or more mandatory surcharges, a practice termed partitioned pricing. Recently, partitioned pricing strategies in the marketplace have become more pervasive and complex, raising concerns that consumers do not always fully attend to or process all price information, and underestimate total prices, which in turn influences their purchasing behavior. Thus, understanding how partitioned prices affect consumers is of increasing interest to consumer researchers, public policy makers, and marketing managers. This paper reviews and organizes the academic literature on partitioned pricing and proposes an agenda for future research. We focus on the psychological processes underlying partitioned pricing, to help these three constituencies understand how partitioned pricing works, the mechanisms by which it exerts its impact, and the appropriate areas where the practice may need regulation to protect consumers.
THE MODERN FUNCTIONS OF THE ECONOMIC TORTS: REVIEWING THE ENGLISH, CANADIAN, AUSTRALIAN, AND NEW ZEALAND POSITIONS
Authors: Carty Hazel 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe economic torts were developed to regulate excessive competitive practice. They had the limited function of stretching existing civil liability where a defendant deliberately inflicted economic harm on a claimant, through the use of an intermediary. However, claimants seek to expand the function of the unlawful means and conspiracy torts so that they can fill “gaps” in existing tort liability, to regulate commercial misbehaviour more generally. In light of this phenomenon, the aim of this article is to analyse the modern approach to these torts in the English, Canadian, Australian, and New Zealand courts.
WHEN SEXUAL INFIDELITY TRIGGERS MURDER: EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF HOMICIDE LAW REFORM ON JUDICIAL ATTITUDES IN SENTENCING
Authors: Horder Jeremy , Fitz-Gibbon Kate 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn October 2010, the UK Parliament brought into effect law that replaced the partial defence to murder of provocation with a new partial defence of “loss of control”, applicable to England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Although it retained some key features of its controversial predecessor, the new partial defence was in part designed better to address the gendered contexts within which a large number of homicides are committed. In examining the impact of the reforms, we will focus on long-held concerns about the treatment of sexual infidelity as a trigger for loss of control in murder cases. The article undertakes an analysis of English case law to evaluate the way in which sexual infidelity-related evidence has influenced perceptions of a homicide defendant's culpability, for the purposes of sentencing, both before and after the implementation of reform. The analysis reveals that, in sentencing offenders post reform, the higher courts have failed to follow the spirit of the reforms respecting the substantive law by effecting a corresponding change in sentencing practice.