bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of Resources for Production of Density Reduced Steels by Direct Strip Casting
Authors: Klöpfer Eugenie , Bach Friedrich‐Wilhelm , Evertz Thomas , Otto Manuel , Redenius Alexander 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDas Bandgießen bietet beachtliche Chancen zur energieeffizienten und ressourcenschonenden Erzeugung von Warmband bei gleichzeitig erheblichen Anforderungen an die Anlagen‐ und Prozessentwicklung des endabmessungsnahen Gießverfahrens. Das Verfahren ermöglicht insbesondere die Herstellung von hochmanganhaltigen Stählen, wie dem HSD®‐Stahl oder weiter dichtereduzierten Stahlsorten. Im ersten Schritt wurde der Al‐Gehalt bis zu 8 Gew.‐% variiert, die mechanisch‐technologischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften sind hier dargestellt.
Health‐related quality of life among survivors of aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Jensen Roxanne E. , Arora Neeraj K. , Bellizzi Keith M. , Rowland Julia H. , Hamilton Ann S. , Aziz Noreen M. , Potosky Arnold L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the fifth most common cancer among men and women. Patients with aggressive NHL receive intense medical treatments that can significantly compromise health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). However, knowledge of HRQOL and its correlates among survivors of aggressive NHL is limited.METHODS:Self‐reported data on HRQOL (physical and mental function, anxiety, depression, and fatigue) were analyzed for 319 survivors of aggressive NHL. Survivors 2 to 5 years postdiagnosis were selected from the Los Angeles County Cancer Registry. Bivariate and multivariable methods were used to assess the influence of sociodemographic, clinical, and cognitive health‐appraisal factors on survivors' HRQOL.RESULTS:After accounting for other covariates, marital status was associated with all HRQOL outcomes (P < .05). Younger survivors reported worse mental function and higher levels of depression, anxiety, and fatigue (P < .01). Survivors who had more comorbid conditions or lacked private health insurance reported worse physical and mental function and higher levels of depression and fatigue (P < .05). Survivors who experienced a recurrence reported worse physical function and higher levels of depression and fatigue (P < .05). With the exception of a nonsignificant association between perceived control and physical function, greater perceptions of personal control and health competence were associated significantly with more positive HRQOL outcomes (P < .01).CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that survivors of aggressive NHL who are younger, are unmarried, lack private insurance, or experience greater illness burden may be at risk for poorer HRQOL. Cognitive health‐appraisal factors were strongly related to HRQOL, suggesting potential benefits of interventions focused on these mutable factors for this population. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Diastereomeric Atropisomers from a Chiral Diyne by Cobalt(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclotrimerization
Authors: Fischer Fabian , Jungk Phillip , Weding Nico , Spannenberg Anke , Ott Holger , Hapke Marko 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe reaction of new, chiral, proline‐based naphthyl diynes with different nitriles through a key [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction step catalyzed by CoI–olefin complexes under thermal and photochemical conditions gave diastereomeric atropisomers in good yield and nearly 1:1 ratios. Facile chromatographic separation of the naphthyl tetrahydroisoquinolines gave access to both pure and stable diastereomeric atropisomers. The deprotection and direct functionalization of the methyl‐ or methoxymethyl‐protected 2‐naphthyl position of the atropisomers were investigated. The configuration of the formed atropisomers was assigned from results of X‐ray studies and circular dichroism spectroscopy.
4‐Phosphatephenyl Covalently Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Real‐Time Electrochemical Monitoring of Paracetamol Release from Electrospun Nanofibers
Authors: Yang Guocheng , Wang Lu , Yang Yingshu , Chen Xuesong , Zhou Defeng , Jia Jianbo , Li Dongfeng 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was covalently modified by 4‐phosphatephenyl (4‐PP). Sensing paracetamol (PCT) via linear sweep voltammetry in sulfuric buffer solution of pH 1.02 at 36.8 °C, the 4‐PP‐modified GCE showed high electrochemical sensitivity and long reusability. PCT‐loaded poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning. Based on the calibration curve of PCT on the 4‐PP‐modified GCE, the PCT release process from the nanofibers was electrochemically monitored in real time via two routes. The results showed that the covalently modified GCE can be repeatedly used as real‐time electrochemical monitoring platform for drug release from drug‐loaded nanofibers in the long term.
Modeling Corrosion of Archaeological Silver‐Copper Coins Using the Voltammetry of Immobilized Particles
Authors: Doménech Antonio , Doménech‐Carbó María Teresa , Pasies Trinidad , del Carmen Bouzas María 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTwo complementary models to describe the long‐term corrosion of silver‐copper coins, based on potential rate laws for smooth corrosion and those combined with diffusive law, for gross corrosion, are proposed. Theoretical kinetics can be tested using signatures of copper and silver corrosion products using the voltammetry of immobilized particles technique. The method is applied to silver coins minted during the 13th–14th centuries from the Libertad street hoard in Valencia (Spain) using non‐invasive one‐touch graphite pencil sampling. Voltammetric features yield functional dependences in agreement with the proposed model potentially useful for distinguishing between different mints.
Reduced one‐dimensional modelling and numerical simulation for mass transport in fluids
Authors: Köppl T. , Wohlmuth B. , Helmig R. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYOn the basis of the Navier–Stokes equations in three space dimensions and a convection–diffusion equation, we use a nonlinear system of three hyperbolic PDEs in one space dimension to simulate mass transport. We focus on the modelling of mass transport at a bifurcation of a vessel. For the numerical treatment of the hyperbolic PDE system, we use stabilised discontinuous Galerkin (DG) approximations with a Taylor basis. DG approximations together with a suitable time integration method enable us to simulate wave propagations for many periods avoiding excessive dispersion and dissipation effects. However, standard DG approximations tend to create non‐physical oscillations at sharp fronts, and thus stabilisation techniques are required. Finally, we present some numerical results illustrating the robustness of our model and the numerical discretisation.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraventricular injection of FGF‐2 promotes generation of oligodendrocyte‐lineage cells in the postnatal and adult forebrain
Authors: Azim Kasum , Raineteau Olivier , Butt Arthur M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFGF2 is considered a key factor in the generation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) derived from neural stem cells (NSCs) located within the subventricular zone (SVZ). Here, we have examined FGF2 signaling in the forebrain of postnatal and adult mice. Using qPCR of microdissected microdomains of the dorsal SVZ (dSVZ) and lateral SVZ (lSVZ), and prominin1‐sorted NSCs purified from these microdomains, we show that transcripts for FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) and FGFR2 are enriched in the dSVZ, from which OLs are largely derived, whereas FGFR3 are significantly enriched within prominen1‐sorted NSC of the lSVZ, which mainly generate olfactory interneurons. We show that direct administration of FGF2 into the lateral ventricle increased the generation of oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPCs) throughout the SVZ, both within the dSVZ and ectopically in the lSVZ and ependymal wall of the SVZ. Furthermore, FGF2 stimulated proliferation of neural progenitors (NPs) and their differentiation into OPCs. The results indicate that FGF2 increased specification of OPCs, inducing NPs to follow an oligodendrocyte developmental pathway. Notably, FGF2 did not block OPC differentiation and increased the number of oligodendrocytes in the periventricular white matter (PVWM) and cortex. However, FGF2 markedly disrupted myelination in the PVWM. A key finding was that FGF2 had equivalent actions on the generation of OPCs and myelin disruption in postnatal and adult mice. This study demonstrates a central role for FGF2 in promoting oligodendrocyte generation in the developing and adult brain. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Loss of PBRM1 expression is associated with renal cell carcinoma progression
Authors: Pawłowski Rafal , Mühl Sarah M. , Sulser Tullio , Krek Wilhelm , Moch Holger , Schraml Peter 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAlthough von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene alterations dominate the genetic landscape of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), recent studies have identified new ccRCC genes, including SETD2, KDM6A, KDM5C, BAP1 and PBRM1. Strikingly, all these genes fall into a category of histone/chromatin regulators. Polybromo‐1 (PBRM1) is the second most frequently mutated gene after VHL; however, the clinical relevance of its loss in ccRCC has not yet been reported. Here, we analyzed the expression of PBRM1, the product encoded by PBRM1, in ccRCC cell lines and in more than 300 RCC tumor samples. The data were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and VHL mutation status. We found that a significant number of ccRCC cancer cell lines lack detectable PBRM1 expression. Loss of PBRM1 was predominant in the clear cell subtype of RCC (∼ 70%) and correlated with advanced tumor stage (p < 0.0001), low differentiation grade (p = 0.0002) and worse patient outcome (p = 0.025), but not with the VHL mutation status. Our results indicate a critical role for PBRM1 in the suppression of ccRCC progression. Moreover, the results suggest that functional inactivation of PBRM1 in the context of pVHL loss‐of‐function may represent a key event in facilitating the development of key aspects of an aggressive tumor behavior. Given the role of PBRM1 in chromatin modification, the gene expression pathways disrupted by the inactivation of this protein may lead to new treatment strategies for ccRCC.
Antifactor Xa Levels versus Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time for Monitoring Unfractionated Heparin
Authors: Vandiver Jeremy W. , Vondracek Thomas G. 
Published: September 2012

Intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH) remains an important therapeutic agent, particularly in the inpatient setting, for anticoagulation. Historically, the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) has been the primary laboratory test used to monitor and adjust UFH. The aPTT test has evolved since the 1950s, and the historical goal range of 1.5–2.5 times the control aPTT, which first gained favor in the 1970s, has fallen out of favor due to a high degree of variability in aPTT readings from one laboratory to another, and even from one reagent to another. As a result, it is now recommended that the aPTT goal range be based on a corresponding heparin concentration of 0.2–0.4 unit/ml by protamine titration or 0.3–0.7 unit/ml by antifactor Xa assay. Given that several biologic factors can influence the aPTT independent of the effects of UFH, many institutions have transitioned to monitoring heparin with antifactor Xa levels, rather than the aPTT. Clinical data from the last 10–20 years have begun to show that a conversion from aPTT to antifactor Xa monitoring may offer a smoother dose‐response curve, such that levels remain more stable, requiring fewer blood samples and dosage adjustments. Given the minimal increased acquisition cost of the antifactor Xa reagents, it can be argued that the antifactor Xa is a cost‐effective method for monitoring UFH. In this review, we discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of the aPTT, antifactor Xa, and protamine titration tests, and provide a clinical framework to guide practitioners who are seeking to optimize UFH monitoring within their own institutions.
Hypoglycemia in Hospitalized Patients Treated with Sulfonylureas
Authors: Deusenberry Christina M. , Coley Kim C. , Korytkowski Mary T. , Donihi Amy C. 
Published: September 2012

Study ObjectiveTo identify the incidence of and risk factors associated with hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients taking sulfonylureas.DesignNested case‐control study.SettingTertiary care academic medical center.PatientsAdults who received a sulfonylurea during hospitalization between November 1, 2008, and October 31, 2009. Case patients were those who experienced at least one episode of hypoglycemia, defined as a blood glucose level less than 70 mg/dl; potential control patients were those who did not experience hypoglycemia. One hundred seventeen cases were matched in a 1:1 ratio with controls based on sex and the number of days treated with a sulfonylurea in the hospital. For case patients, the index date was defined as the date of first blood glucose level less than 70 mg/dl. The number of days that the patient was taking the sulfonylurea before the index date was determined, and this same number was used to define the index date for the matched controls.Measurements and Main ResultsOverall, 19% of patients who received a sulfonylurea experienced at least one episode of hypoglycemia: 22% receiving glyburide, 19% receiving glimepiride, and 16% receiving glipizide. Variables included in the multivariate regression were age 65 years or older, glomerular filtration rate (GFR)≤30 ml/min/1.73 m2, and treatment with glipizide, glyburide, or concurrent intermediate‐ or long‐acting insulin. Age 65 years or older (odds ratio [OR] 3.07, p < 0.001), intermediate‐ or long‐acting insulin (OR 3.01, p=0.002), and GFR of 30 ml/minute/1.73 m2 or lower (OR 3.64, p=0.006) were predictors of hypoglycemia. Cases were less likely than controls to receive glipizide (OR 0.44, p=0.005).ConclusionHospitalized patients at increased risk for sulfonylurea‐related hypoglycemia were those aged 65 years or older, those with a GFR of 30 ml/minute/1.73 m2 or lower, and those who received concurrent intermediate‐ or long‐acting insulin during inpatient sulfonylurea therapy. Sulfonylureas should be avoided or used with caution in these patients.
Denosumab for the Prevention of Skeletal‐Related Events in Patients with Bone Metastasis from Solid Tumor
Authors: Iranikhah Maryam , Wilborn Teresa W. , Wensel Terri M. , Ferrell Jodi B. 
Published: September 2012

Most patients with advanced malignancy develop bone metastases during the course of their disease. For the remainder of the patient's life, these bone metastases lead to skeletal‐related events such as pathologic fractures and spinal cord compression, as well as bone pain or lesions requiring palliative radiation therapy or surgery to prevent or treat fractures. Skeletal‐related events result in increased morbidity, mortality and health care costs. For the past decade, intravenous bisphosphonates (zoledronic acid, pamidronate) have been recognized as the primary pharmacologic options in the prevention or treatment of skeletal‐related events in patients with bone metastasis. Recently, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, for the prevention of skeletal‐related events in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors. Three prominent clinical trials were conducted to establish the efficacy of denosumab. In two of three trials, denosumab was found to delay the time to first skeletal‐related event significantly more than zoledronic acid in patients with breast or castration‐resistant prostate cancer with bone metastasis. The third trial found denosumab to be noninferior to zoledronic acid in patients with metastases from solid tumors, excluding breast and prostate solid tumors. Overall survival and progression‐free survival were similar between zoledronic acid and denosumab. Thus, evidence is insufficient to prove a greater efficacy of one agent over the other. According to the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, patients with bone metastasis should have zoledronic acid, pamidronate, or denosumab (with calcium and vitamin D supplementation) added to their chemotherapy regimen if they have an expected survival of 3 months or longer and have adequate renal function.
The CHADS2 versus the New CHA2DS2‐VASc Scoring Systems for Guiding Antithrombotic Treatment of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Use
Authors: Odum Lauren E. , Cochran Kelly A. , Aistrope Daniel S. , Snella Kathleen A. 
Published: September 2012

The association of atrial fibrillation and resultant thromboembolic stroke is readily recognized in the published literature. However, the identification and weight of other risk factors that increase stroke risk are varied. To predict which patients are at greatest risk for thromboembolic stroke, numerous risk stratification schemas have been developed to guide thromboprophylactic treatment decisions. The well‐known CHADS2 scoring system incorporates risk factors such as congestive heart failure, hypertension, age 75 years or older, diabetes mellitus, and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack. Recently, a novel risk stratification model, CHA2DS2‐VASc, has entered the literature and international guidelines, prompting further review of newly added risk factors—age 65–74 years, presence of vascular disease, and female sex—and the increased allotment of 2 points (vs 1 point in CHADS2) for age 75 years or older. The rationale for CHA2DS2‐VASc, as put forth by its authors, is that other risk assessment models omit important risk factors, have low predictive ability, and categorize too many patients as intermediate risk, leaving the choice of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy to the discretion of the clinician. Although CHA2DS2‐VASc readily identifies those patients truly at low risk, it classifies more patients as high risk who would then receive anticoagulation therapy. Therefore, implementation of this risk schema warrants further evaluation, especially when weighing the risk for bleeding and the risk for stroke. This critical review provides practitioners with an understanding of the literature that prompted the inclusion of these new risk factors and increased point allocations, compares and contrasts the risk schemas, and reviews national and international guidelines, thereby equipping the health care provider with the knowledge to aid clinical decision‐making.
Measuring and Reporting of the Treatment Effect of Hormonal Emergency Contraceptives
Authors: Leung Vivian W. Y. , Soon Judith A. , Levine Marc 
Published: September 2012

Study ObjectivesTo derive summary estimates of observed pregnancy rates in women who used the Yuzpe or levonorgestrel emergency contraceptive regimen and identify the various ways in which data related to regimen effectiveness were reported, to discuss the limitations of the effectiveness estimates as they are currently reported, and to propose alternative reporting methods that are less susceptible to misinterpretation.DesignAnalysis of pooled data from 34 experimental or observational studies that had an explicit method of follow‐up to systematically evaluate pregnancy outcome after a single course of emergency contraception treatment within a given menstrual cycle.PatientsWomen who took either the Yuzpe or levonorgestrel emergency contraceptive regimen to prevent pregnancy.Measurements and Main ResultsWe searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for clinical studies that systematically evaluated pregnancy outcomes of women who used the Yuzpe or levonorgestrel regimen for emergency contraception. The effectiveness of these regimens is typically reported in relative terms as the reduction of pregnancy risk from a theoretical baseline risk. We reported the effectiveness using absolute risk reductions and numbers needed to treat. We pooled relevant data by using the β‐binomial method to derive observed pregnancy rates. The pooled observed pregnancy rates for studies of the Yuzpe and levonorgestrel regimens were 2.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–2.5%) and 1.7% (95% CI 1.2–2.2%), respectively. Against expected pregnancy rates of 4–8%, relative emergency contraceptive effectiveness ranges were 50.0–75.0% and 57.5–78.8% for the Yuzpe and levonorgestrel regimens, respectively. Absolute risk reductions were 2.0–6.0% and 2.3–6.3%, respectively. This means that 17–50 women would need to have received the Yuzpe regimen and 16–43 women the levonorgestrel regimen to prevent one pregnancy.ConclusionEmergency contraception effectiveness data are susceptible to misinterpretation when data are reported in relative terms without the expected pregnancy rate (i.e., the baseline risk). We recommend that the effect of emergency contraceptives be expressed in absolute terms and accompanied by the expected pregnancy rate used in its estimation.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Cytochrome P450 2C19 Genotype Screening for Selection of Antiplatelet Therapy with Clopidogrel or Prasugrel
Authors: Reese Emily S. , Daniel Mullins C. , Beitelshees Amber L. , Onukwugha Eberechukwu 
Published: September 2012

Study ObjectiveTo estimate the cost‐effectiveness of genotype‐guided selection of antiplatelet therapy compared with selecting clopidogrel or prasugrel irrespective of genotype.DesignDecision model based on event occurrence in the Trial to Assess Improvement in Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet Inhibition with Prasugrel–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TRITON‐TIMI) 38.PatientsSimulated cohort of patients with acute coronary syndrome scheduled to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), consisting of three arms: those receiving genotype‐guided antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel or prasugrel, those receiving clopidogrel regardless of genotype, and those receiving prasugrel regardless of genotype.Measurements and Main ResultsAll three arms of the model incorporated the probability that patients would experience a cardiovascular event (death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke), a bleeding event (major or minor bleeding), or no event while receiving antiplatelet therapy during the 15 months after the scheduled PCI. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 genotype determined antiplatelet drug selection in the genotyping group. Cost‐effectiveness was expressed as the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) for each event avoided in the genotype‐guided therapy arm versus the other two arms. Genotype‐guided antiplatelet therapy was dominant, or more effective and less costly, when compared with the selection of clopidogrel (ICER −$6760 [95% confidence interval (CI) −$6720 to −$6790]) or prasugrel (ICER −$11,710 [95% CI −$11,480 to −$11,950]) for all patients without regard to genotype. Genotype‐guided therapy that included generic clopidogrel was dominant to prasugrel for all patients (ICER −$27,160 [95% CI −$27,890 to −$26,420]). Cost savings were not evident when genotype‐guided therapy that included generic clopidogrel was compared with generic clopidogrel for all patients (ICER $2300 [95% CI $2290 to $2320]). [Correction added after online publication 12‐Mar‐2012: In the
previous sentence −$2300 has been corrected as $2300.].ConclusionGenotype‐guided antiplatelet therapy selection may be more cost‐effective and may provide more clinical value due to fewer adverse outcomes.