bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-year and short-term responses of soil ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes to zinc bacitracin, monensin, and ivermectin, singly or in combination
Authors: Konopka Magda , Henry Hugh A.L. , Marti Romain , Topp Edward 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

A field experiment was initiated whereby a series of replicated plots received annual applications of ivermectin, monensin, and zinc bacitracin, either singly or in a mixture. Pharmaceuticals were added at concentrations of 0.1 mg/kg soil or 10 mg/kg soil. The authors collected soil samples in 2013, before and after the fourth annual application of pharmaceuticals. In addition, a 30-d laboratory experiment was undertaken with the same soil and same pharmaceuticals, but at concentrations of 100 mg/kg soil. The impact of the pharmaceuticals on nitrification rates, on the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and on the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) was assessed. None of the pharmaceuticals at 0.1 mg/kg had any effect on nitrification. Referenced to control soil, nitrification was accelerated in soil exposed to 100 mg/kg zinc bacitracin or 10 mg/kg of the pharmaceutical mixture, but none of the treatments inhibited nitrification. Neither AOB abundance nor AOA abundance was affected by the pharmaceuticals at 0.1 mg/kg. At 10 mg/kg, monensin, zinc bacitracin, and a mixture of all 3 pharmaceuticals suppressed the abundance of AOB, and zinc bacitracin and the mixture increased AOA abundance. The decrease in AOB abundance and increase in AOA abundance when exposed to 10 mg/kg soil suggests that AOB are more sensitive to these chemicals and that AOA populations can expand to occupy the partially vacated niche. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:618–625. © 2014 Canadian Crown in right of Canada. Published 2014 SETAC
Islet inflammation in human type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Morgan Noel G. , Leete Pia , Foulis Alan K. , Richardson Sarah J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused by the selective deletion of pancreatic β‐cells in response to an assault mounted within the pancreas by infiltrating immune cells. However, this apparently clear and focussed annunciation conceals a stark reality in which the cellular and molecular events leading to β‐cell loss remain poorly understood in humans. This reflects the difficulty of studying these processes in living individuals and the fact that, using pathological specimens, islet inflammation has been analysed in fewer than 200 recent‐onset cases of T1DM worldwide, over the past century. Nevertheless, insights have been gained and the composition of the islet infiltrate is being disclosed. This is shown to be primarily lymphocytic in nature, with populations of both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells displaying an autoreactivity against specific islet antigenic peptides. The T cells are often accompanied by influent CD20+ B cells, although new data imply that the proportions of these individual cell types vary and that patients fall into at least two distinct categories having either a hyper‐immune (CD20Hi) or a pauci‐immune (CD20Lo) phenotype. The overall rate of β‐cell decline appears to correlate with these two phenotypes such that hyper‐immune patients lose β‐cells more quickly and tend to develop disease at an earlier age than those with the pauci‐immune profile. In this article, we review the evidence which underpins our current understanding of the aetiology of T1DM and highlight both the established features as well as areas of on‐going ambiguity and debate. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(11):723–734, 2014
Poly(ethylene glycol)‐or silicone‐modified hyaluronan for contact lens wetting agent applications
Authors: Paterson Stefan M. , Liu Lina , Brook Michael A. , Sheardown Heather 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHyaluronan (HA) is a hydrophilic biopolymer that has been explored as a wetting agent in contact lens applications. In this study, HA was modified with siloxy or polyethylene glycol moieties using click chemistry to make it more soluble in monomer solutions used to synthesize model contact lens materials; unmodified HA was not soluble in the same monomer solutions. The water contents of the silicone hydrogels were not increased by the presence of modified HA, nor was there a decrease in the surface contact angle. However, modified HA did lead to a reduction in lysozyme adsorption in some cases. The leaching rate of HA modified with polyethylene glycol from a 78:22 DMA:TRIS(OH) hydrogel was significantly slower than for unmodified HA. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2602–2610, 2015.
Impact of Giving on Self and Impact of Self on Giving
Authors: Weisfeld‐Spolter Suri , Rippé Cindy B. , Gould Stephen 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTRecent research suggests that consumers are spending billions of dollars in interpersonal and self‐gifting and yet, there is limited research regarding the giver's role of self and how this influences the choice of gift. Because self is so intertwined in both types of giving, the research reported here explores if different dimensions of the malleable self will be activated in various gift‐giving contexts, depending upon the receiver and the occasion of the gift. Testing a conceptual model that for the first time combines both types of giving, this research uses three studies to explore how the gift‐giving context can act as a situational cue and make accessible a particular view of the self, namely the giver's gender identity and self‐construal to motivate choice of gift. Results suggest a new paradigm for considering consumer gift behavior and have theoretical and practical implications for advertising, selling, and other marketing contexts.
Revisiting Problem Gamblers’ Harsh Gaze on Casino Services: Applying Complexity Theory to Identify Exceptional Customers
Authors: Woodside Arch G. , Prentice Catherine , Larsen Anders 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThis study revisits the theory, data, and analysis in Prentice and Woodside (2013). The study here applies fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to customer service–evaluation data from seven mega casinos in the world's gambling capital—Macau. The study includes contrarian case analysis and offers complex algorithms of highly favorable customer outcomes—an alternative stance to theory and data analysis in comparison to the dominant logic of statistical analyses that Prentice and Woodside (2013) report. Contrary to their principal hypotheses, Prentice and Woodside (2013) report a negative main effect between problem gambling and casino service evaluations. The findings in the reanalysis here include more complex, nuanced views on the antecedent conditions relating to high problem‐gambling, immediate service evaluations, and desired customer behavior measures in casinos. Counter to the findings using symmetric testing via multiple regression analysis in Prentice and Woodside (2013), the present study, using asymmetric testing via fsQCA, recognizes the occurrence of causal asymmetry, and draws conclusions from different algorithms leading to high scores for favorable and unfavorable outcome conditions. The findings indicate that not all problem gamblers gaze on casino services harshly; the minority of problem gamblers who view casinos positively versus harshly may be the most valuable customers for the casinos—the casinos’ exceptional customers.
That Sounds Sweet: Using Cross‐Modal Correspondences to Communicate Gustatory Attributes
Authors: Knoeferle Klemens M. , Woods Andy , Käppler Florian , Spence Charles 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBuilding on existing research into sound symbolism and cross‐modal correspondences, this article proposes that cross‐modal correspondences—systematic mappings between different sensory modalities—can be used to communicate nonmusical, low‐level sensory properties such as basic tastes through music. A series of three experiments demonstrates that cross‐modal correspondences enable people to systematically encode basic taste properties into parameters in musical space (Experiment 1), and that they are able to correctly decode basic taste information embedded in complex musical compositions (Experiments 2 and 3). The results also suggest some culture‐specificity to these mappings, given that decoding performance, while still above chance levels, was lower in Indian participants than in those from the United States (Experiment 3). Implications and potential applications of these findings are discussed.
Levodopa: Effect on cell death and the natural history of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Olanow C. Warren 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThis review article considers the question of whether or not levodopa is toxic in Parkinson's disease (PD). l‐dopa is the most effective symptomatic treatment for PD and has provided benefit for millions of patients. However, there has been a longstanding concern that l‐dopa might be toxic and accelerate neuronal degeneration and clinical progression as a consequence of reactive oxygen species generated by the drug's oxidative metabolism. In vitro, l‐dopa can induce degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, but it is not clear that the effects of the drug on cultured dopamine neurons reflect what happens in the PD brain. In vivo, l‐dopa has not been demonstrated to have toxic effects on dopamine neurons in normal, dopamine‐lesioned, or oxidatively stressed animal models, but none of these models precisely replicates the PD condition. Clinical trials have tested the effect of l‐dopa on clinical progression and have not demonstrated any findings indicative of toxicity. However, the symptomatic and long‐duration effects of the drug could mask ongoing neuronal degeneration. Furthermore, l‐dopa induces a greater decline in imaging measures of dopaminergic function than placebo or dopamine agonists, consistent with toxicity. Pathological studies have not demonstrated evidence of accelerated loss of dopamine neurons, but prospective and properly controlled studies with stereological unbiased counting have not been performed. Thus, although there is no hard evidence to suggest that l‐dopa is toxic in PD patients, the issue has not been fully resolved. It is generally recommended that physicians continue to use l‐dopa, but in the lowest dose that provides satisfactory clinical control. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Zero‐Hopf bifurcation in the FitzHugh–Nagumo system
Authors: Euzébio Rodrigo D. , Llibre Jaume , Vidal Claudio 
Published: December 2014

We characterize the values of the parameters for which a zero‐Hopf equilibrium point takes place at the singular points, namely, O (the origin), P+, and P− in the FitzHugh–Nagumo system.We find two two‐parameter families of the FitzHugh–Nagumo system for which the equilibrium point at the origin is a zero‐Hopf equilibrium. For these two families, we prove the existence of a periodic orbit bifurcating from the zero‐Hopf equilibrium point O.We prove that there exist three two‐parameter families of the FitzHugh–Nagumo system for which the equilibrium point at P+ and at P− is a zero‐Hopf equilibrium point. For one of these families, we prove the existence of one, two, or three periodic orbits starting at P+ and P−. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors affecting time to maintenance dose in patients initiating warfarin
Authors: Finkelman Brian S. , French Benjamin , Bershaw Luanne , Kimmel Stephen E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPurposePatients starting warfarin often experience lengthy dose‐titration periods, when they are at high risk for bleeding and thromboembolism. However, relatively little is known about why some patients take longer than others to reach maintenance dose. Thus, we sought to identify social, clinical, and genetic factors associated with prolonged time to maintenance dose (TTM).MethodsWe conducted a time‐to‐event analysis, using a prospective cohort of patients initiating warfarin (N = 390). Additionally, we examined whether changes in post‐initiation factors were associated with TTM. Finally, we performed a secondary analysis in a subcohort (N = 156) assessing the effect of adherence on TTM.ResultsNo genetic or post‐initiation factors were significantly associated with TTM. However, previous use of warfarin [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46, 0.88], current smoking status (HR = 0.61; 95%CI 0.39, 0.96), fewer than four doctor's visits in the previous year (HR = 0.63 vs 4–12 visits; 95%CI 0.46, 0.88), and worse general health status (HR = 0.63; 95%CI 0.47, 0.84) were significantly associated with longer TTM. Use of illegal injectable drugs (HR = 2.51; 95%CI 1.17, 5.39) was associated with shorter TTM. On secondary analysis, the HR for better adherence and TTM was 1.70 (95%CI 0.88, 3.27).ConclusionsTime to maintenance dose was associated with pre‐existing behavioral factors, health care utilization, and health quality but not clinical comorbidities or genetic factors in patients initiating warfarin. Future studies are needed to determine whether warfarin patients with prolonged TTM would have better outcomes on alternative agents. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dibenzosiloles and 12H‐Indololo[3,2‐d]naphtho[1,2‐b][1]siloles: Exploration of Organic Chromophores Exhibiting Efficient Solid‐State Fluorescence
Authors: Shimizu Masaki 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe construction of a diorganosilylene bridge over a biaryl moiety at the 2,2′‐positions is a versatile strategy for fine‐tuning its HOMO–LUMO energy gap, which is closely linked to the electronic and optical properties of the compounds. Therefore, there is growing interest in the use of silicon‐bridged biaryl motifs as key cores of various types of advanced functional materials, such as light‐emitting, semiconducting, photovoltaic, and sensing materials. To accelerate the advances of materials based on silicon‐bridged biaryls, it is essential to create new classes of biaryls and explore their functions and properties. This Personal Account describes recent research on the development of organic chromophores based on functionalized dibenzosiloles and 12H‐indololo[3,2‐d]naphtho[1,2‐b][1]siloles as solid‐state emitters.graphic
Identification of essential steps in laser procedure for twin–twin transfusion syndrome using the Delphi methodology: SILICONE study
Authors: Peeters S. H. P. , Akkermans J. , Westra M. , Lopriore E. , Middeldorp J. M. , Klumper F. J. , Lewi L. , Devlieger R. , Deprest J. , Kontopoulos E. V. , Quintero R. , Chmait R. H. , Smoleniec J. S. , Otaño L. , Oepkes D. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine, by expert consensus, the essential substeps of fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS) for twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) that could be used to create an authority‐based curriculum for training in this procedure among fetal medicine specialists.MethodsA Delphi survey was conducted among an international panel of experts (n = 98) in FLS. Experts rated the substeps of FLS on a five‐point Likert‐type scale to indicate whether they considered them to be essential, and were able to comment on each substep, using a dedicated online platform accessed by the invited tertiary care facilities that specialize in fetal therapy. Responses were returned to the panel until consensus was reached (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.80). All substeps that were rated  ≥ 4 by 80% of the experts were included in the evaluation instrument.ResultsAfter the first iteration of the Delphi procedure, a response rate of 74% (73/98) was reached, and in the second and third iterations response rates of 90% (66/73) and 81% (59/73) were reached, respectively. Among a total of 81 substeps rated in the first round, 21 substeps had to be re‐rated in the second round. Finally, from the initial list of substeps, 55 were agreed by experts to be essential. In the third round, the 18 categorized substeps were ranked in order of importance, with ‘coagulation of all anastomoses that cross the equator’ and ‘determination of fetoscope insertion site’ as the most important.ConclusionsA total of 55 substeps of FLS for TTTS were defined by a panel of experts to be essential in the procedure. This list is the first authority‐based evidence to be used in the development of a final training model for future fetal surgeons. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Reproducibility of first‐ and second‐trimester uterine artery pulsatility index measured by transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasound
Authors: Ferreira A. E. G. M. T. , Mauad Filho F. , Abreu P. S. G. , Mauad F. M. , Araujo Júnior E. , Martins W. P. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo examine and compare the reproducibility of measurement of first‐ and second‐trimester uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI) using transabdominal (TAS) and transvaginal (TVS) ultrasound.MethodsThis was an observational study including women ≥ 18 years of age, with a singleton pregnancy, in the first trimester (between 11 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks' gestation) or second trimester (between 20 and 26 weeks' gestation). UtA‐PI and angle of insonation were assessed by two observers (one with 15 and the other with 3 years of experience) using both TAS and TVS. The more experienced observer performed two scans alternated by the other observer. The acquisitions were completely independent and the observers were blinded to each other and to their own measurements. Reproducibility of the measurements by TVS and TAS was assessed using the concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and limits of agreement (LoA).ResultsWe analyzed data from 97 women in the first trimester and 96 in the second trimester. The mean ± SD UtA‐PI was significantly higher when measured using TVS, compared with TAS, in both the first (1.60 ± 0.49 vs 1.52 ± 0.63, respectively; P = 0.03) and second (1.07 ± 0.33 vs 0.96 ± 0.32, respectively; P < 0.001) trimesters. The median angle of insonation was significantly lower when using TVS, compared with TAS, in both the first (8.0° (interquartile range (IQR), 2.5–16.3°) vs 12.5° (IQR, 2.5–20.0°), respectively; P = 0.04) and second (10.0° (IQR, 4.5–16.5°) vs 17.5° (IQR, 5.0–27.9°), respectively; P < 0.001) trimesters. Both ultrasound techniques had similar reproducibility: the intraobserver CCC ranged from 0.93 to 0.95 and the interobserver CCC ranged from 0.81 to 0.86; and the ICCs of both techniques were highly comparable (the intraobserver LoA was approximately ± 20–30% and the interobserver LoA was approximately ± 30–40%).ConclusionsWhen measuring UtA‐PI, assessment by TVS provides higher values and better insonation angle compared with TAS. The reproducibility of the ultrasound methods in both first and second trimesters of pregnancy was comparable and should not be considered as good. Future studies examining technical improvements with the aim of increasing the reproducibility of this technique should be encouraged. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Spatial overlap, proximity, and habitat use of individual wolves within the same packs
Authors: Benson John F. , Patterson Brent R. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTPacks are the basic social and breeding groups of wolf (Canis spp.) populations and are often the sampling unit for wolf research. Researchers commonly assume, either explicitly or implicitly, that telemetry data from ≥1 individual wolf can be used to represent the space use, distribution, presence, and resource selection of the pack. We tested these critical assumptions using Global Positioning System telemetry by directly comparing home range size, probability of spatial overlap, seasonal proximity, and habitat use of individuals within wolf packs in central and northern Ontario, Canada, 2006–2010. Space use was similar and probability of overlap was high for wolves within packs for individual 95% home‐range contours. Variation was greater for 50% contours, indicating that individual wolves may use space differently within territories. Wolves within packs spent more time <100 m and <1 km from each other during winter ( = 66 and 75%, respectively) than during other seasons ( = 33 and 40%, respectively) supporting earlier findings that pack cohesion was highest during winter. Individuals within all packs exhibited differences in the use of specific resource variables when separated by >100 m. Use of habitat variables was more similar when we compared resource selection of individuals within packs using all locations (regardless of proximity), although we still detected differences within most packs. Our results suggest that telemetry data from individual wolves can be used to reliably estimate territories for packs, but that researchers should be cautious when making pack‐level inferences regarding finer scale space and habitat use within home ranges based on data from individual animals. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Outcomes and Complications of Ulnar Shortening Osteotomy: An Institutional Review
Authors: Rajgopal Raghav , Roth James , King Graham , Faber Ken , Grewal Ruby 
Published: December 2014

Background Ulnar impaction syndrome (UIS) is a common cause of ulnar wrist pain. Patients may be candidates for surgical intervention if nonoperative options are ineffective. At our institution, ulnar shortening osteotomy is the preferred procedure to manage this disorder. The purpose of this study was to present patient reported outcomes and complication rates of ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO) at mid-term follow-up. Methods A retrospective chart review of 72 patients (75 wrists) obtained from our institutional database was performed. At a mean 32 months postoperatively, telephone interviews ( n=53) were performed for all patients who were available for follow-up. The patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE), a validated outcome tool, was completed and complications were reviewed. Results Patient-rated outcomes were favorable; however, complications were frequent and included: delayed union (10/75, 13.3 %), nonunion (6/75, 8 %), and complex regional pain syndrome (5/75, 6.7 %). Ten patients (13.3 %) required revision surgery. Thirty-four patients (45.3 %) required hardware removal with 4/30 (11.4 %) of these patients experiencing refracture. Smokers (mean PRWE 67.1) and patients with workers' compensation claims (mean PRWE 64.9) reported higher residual pain and disability than their counterparts (mean PRWE 28.0; 25.2). Conclusions General outcome measures were favorable. Smokers and patients with workers' compensation claims experienced significantly poorer outcomes. However, the incidence of nonunion and delayed union was higher than most reports in the literature. Furthermore, we demonstrated a high refracture rate (11.4 %) following removal of hardware.