bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching for Community: The Role-Identity Development of a Dually Nontraditional Music Education Student Enrolled in a Traditional Degree Program
Authors: Brewer Wesley D. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Alex is a 37-year-old male undergraduate music education major who is "nontraditional" in two ways: (1) he holds nontraditional student "status" according to multiple definitions and criteria (age, marital status, etc.); (2) his informal musical education and background are atypical of collegiate music majors. While research on role-identity development is prevalent within the field of music education, research on nontraditional students, whether defined by status or background, is sparse. Through a narrative construction of Alex’s perspectives on life, music, and education, the author examines with the participant the ways in which his nontraditional status and background interact with the music teacher role-identity development process and the status quo of collegiate music teacher preparation practices.
Acid-fast Smear and Histopathology Results Provide Guidance for the Appropriate Use of Broad-Range Polymerase Chain Reaction and Sequencing for Mycobacteria
Authors: Miller Kennon , Harrington Susan M. , Procop Gary W. 
Published: January 2015

Context
New molecular diagnostic tests are attractive because of the potential they hold for improving diagnostics in microbiology. The value of these tests, which is often assumed, should be investigated to determine the best use of these potentially powerful tools.

Objective
To investigate the usefulness of broad-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by sequencing, in mycobacterial infections.

Design
We reviewed the test performance of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) PCR and traditional diagnostic methods (histopathology, AFB smear, and culture). We assessed the diagnostic effect and cost of the unrestricted ordering of broad-range PCR for the detection and identification of mycobacteria in clinical specimens.

Results
The AFB PCR was less sensitive than culture and histopathology and was less specific than culture, AFB smear, and histopathology. During 18 months, $93 063 was spent on 183 patient specimens for broad-range PCR and DNA sequencing for mycobacteria to confirm one culture-proven Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection that was also known to be positive by AFB smear and histopathology. In this cohort, there was a false-negative AFB PCR for M tuberculosis and a false-positive AFB PCR for Mycobacterium lentiflavum.

Conclusion
Testing of AFB smear–negative specimens from patients without an inflammatory response supportive of a mycobacterial infection is costly and has not been proven to improve patient care. Traditional diagnostics (histopathology, AFB smear, and culture) should remain the primary methods for the detection of mycobacteria in clinical specimens.
Reclaiming fertility awareness methods to inform timed intercourse for HIV serodiscordant couples attempting to conceive
Authors: Liao Caiyun , Wahab Maybel , Anderson Jean , Coleman Jenell S 
Published: January 2015

IntroductionIncreased life expectancy of HIV‐positive individuals during recent years has drawn attention to their quality of life, which includes fulfilment of fertility desires. In particular, heterosexual HIV serodiscordant couples constitute a special group for whom the balance between desired pregnancy and the risk of viral transmission should be carefully considered and optimized. Although advanced assisted reproductive technologies are available, such treatments are expensive and are often unavailable. Moreover, standard viral load testing and antiretroviral therapy may not be accessible due to structural or individual barriers. To reduce the risk of HIV transmission, a lower cost alternative is timed condomless sex combined with other risk‐reduction strategies. However, timed condomless sex requires specific knowledge of how to accurately predict the fertile window in a menstrual cycle. The aim of this study was to summarize inexpensive fertility awareness methods (FAMs) that predict the fertile window and may be useful for counselling HIV‐positive couples on lower cost options to conceive.MethodsOriginal English‐language research articles were identified by a detailed Medline and Embase search in July 2014. Relevant citations in the included articles were also retrieved.Results and discussionCalendar method, basal body temperature and cervicovaginal mucus secretions are the most accessible and sensitive FAMs, although poor specificity precludes their independent use in ovulation detection. In contrast, urinary luteinizing hormone testing is highly specific but less sensitive, and more expensive. To maximize the chance of conception per cycle, the likelihood of natural conception needs to be assessed with a basic fertility evaluation of both partners and a combination of FAMs should be offered. Adherence to other risk‐reduction strategies should also be advised, and timely referral to reproductive medicine specialists is necessary when sub/infertility is suspected.ConclusionsFAMs provide effective, economical and accessible options for HIV serodiscordant couples to conceive while minimizing unnecessary viral exposure. It is important for health care providers to initiate conversations about fertility desires in HIV‐positive couples and to educate identified couples on safer conception strategies.
Confocal Raman microscopy in sclerochronology: A powerful tool to visualize environmental information in recent and fossil biogenic archives
Authors: Beierlein Lars , Nehrke Gernot , Brey Thomas 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBiological hard parts and skeletons of aquatic organisms often archive information of past environmental conditions. Deciphering such information forms an essential contribution to our understanding of past climate conditions and thus our ability to mitigate the climatic, ecological, and social impacts of a rapidly changing environment. Several established techniques enable the visualization and reliable use of the information stored in anatomical features of such biogenic archives, i.e., its growth patterns. Here, we test whether confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) is a suitable method to reliably identify growth patterns in the commonly used archive Arctica islandica and the extinct species Pygocardia rustica (both Bivalvia). A modern A. islandica specimen from Norway has been investigated to verify the general feasibility of CRM, resulting in highly correlated standardized growth indices (r > 0.96; p < 0.0001) between CRM‐derived measurements and measurements derived from the established methods of fluorescence microscopy and Mutvei's solution staining. This demonstrates the general suitability of CRM as a method for growth pattern evaluation and cross‐dating applications. Moreover, CRM may be of particular interest for paleoenvironmental reconstructions, as it yielded superior results in the analysis of fossil shell specimens (A. islandica and P. rustica) compared to both Mutvei staining and fluorescence microscopy. CRM is a reliable and valuable tool to visualize internal growth patterns in both modern and fossil calcium carbonate shells that notably also facilitates the assessment of possible diagenetic alteration prior to geochemical analysis without geochemically compromising the sample. We strongly recommend the CRM approach for the visualization of growth patterns in fossil biogenic archives, where conventional methods fail to produce useful results.
Shallow mantle velocities beneath the southern Appalachians from Pn phases
Authors: MacDougall Julia G. , Fischer Karen M. , Forsyth Donald W. , Hawman Robert B. , Wagner Lara S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTo constrain mantle structure that might contribute to the topography of the southern Appalachian Mountains, Pn phases from regional earthquakes recorded in northern Georgia by EarthScope Southeastern Suture of the Appalachian Margin Experiment and Transportable Array stations were used to solve for shallow mantle P wave velocities. Mantle velocities vary laterally, with values of 7.6–7.8 km/s beneath the higher elevations of the Blue Ridge terrane and northwestern flank of the Inner Piedmont terranes and values of 8.3–8.5 km/s farther south where elevation is lower. The zone of low‐velocity mantle could represent a source of buoyancy that helps to support the higher elevations, in addition to the root of thickened crust that also exists beneath the mountains.
Patterns of river width and surface area revealed by the satellite‐derived North American River Width data set
Authors: Allen George H. , Pavelsky Tamlin M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAs hydraulic, hydrologic, and biogeochemical models evolve toward greater spatial resolution and larger extent, robust morphometric data sets are essential to constrain their results. Here we present the Landsat‐derived North American River Width (NARWidth) data set, the first fine‐resolution, continental scale river centerline and width database. NARWidth contains measurements of >2.4 × 105 km of rivers wider than 30 m at mean annual discharge. We find that conventional digital elevation model‐derived width data sets underestimate the abundance of wide rivers. To calculate the total surface area of North American rivers, we extrapolate the strong observed relationship between river width and total surface area at different river widths (r2 > 0.99 for 100–2000 m widths) to narrower rivers and streams. We conservatively estimate the total surface area of North American rivers as  × 105 km2 (1σ confidence intervals), values % greater than previous estimates used to evaluate greenhouse gas efflux from rivers to the atmosphere.
Crust and subduction zone structure of Southwestern Mexico
Authors: Suhardja Sandy Kurniawan , Grand Stephen P. , Wilson David , Guzman‐Speziale Marco , Gomez‐Gonzalez Juan Martin , Dominguez‐Reyes Tonatiuh , Ni James 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSouthwestern Mexico is a region of complex active tectonics with subduction of the young Rivera and Cocos plates to the south and widespread magmatism and rifting in the continental interior. Here we use receiver function analysis on data recorded by a 50 station temporary deployment of seismometers known as the MARS (MApping the Rivera Subduction zone) array to investigate crustal structure as well as the nature of the subduction interface near the coast. The array was deployed in the Mexican states of Jalisco, Colima, and Michoacan. Crustal thickness varies from 20 km near the coast to 42 km in the continental interior. The Rivera plate has steeper dip than the Cocos plate and is also deeper along the coast than previous estimates have shown. Inland, there is not a correlation between the thickness of the crust and topography indicating that the high topography in northern Jalisco and Michoacan is likely supported by buoyant mantle. High crustalVp/Vsratios (greater than 1.82) are found beneath the trenchward edge of magmatism including below the Central Jalisco Volcanic Lineament and the Michoacan‐Guanajuato Volcanic Field implying a new arc is forming closer to the trench than the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt. Elsewhere in the region, crustalVp/Vsratios are normal. The subducting Rivera and Cocos plates are marked by a dipping shear wave low‐velocity layer. We estimate the thickness of the low‐velocity layer to be 3 to 4 km with an unusually highVp/Vsratio of 2.0 to 2.1 and a drop inSvelocity of 25%. We postulate that the low‐velocity zone is the upper oceanic crust with high pore pressures. The low‐velocity zone ends from 45 to 50 km depth and likely marks the basalt to eclogite transition.
Contributions of equatorial wave modes and parameterized gravity waves to the tropical QBO in HadGEM2
Authors: Kim Y.‐H. , Chun H.‐Y. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe contributions of the equatorial waves to the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) are investigated using Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 2 (HadGEM2). A gravity wave parameterization that couples its source spectrum to the convection is used. The equatorial wave modes are identified in the spectral domain, based on their distinct characteristics associated with momentum and heat fluxes. The Kelvin waves and parameterized gravity waves (PGWs) transport westerly momentum into the equatorial stratosphere by ∼0.35 and 0.8 mPa, respectively, while easterly momentum is carried primarily by the PGWs (∼0.75 mPa). The resolved inertio‐gravity (IG) waves transport both easterly and westerly momentum by ∼0.2 mPa. In the lowermost stratosphere, gradual dissipation of the Kelvin waves occurs, and the remaining waves induce eastward forcing in the westerly shear layer by 3–5 m s−1 month−1. The PGWs primarily dissipate within the sheared layer and provide large easterly and westerly forcing in the middle stratosphere (∼17 m s−1 month−1), while the forcing in the lower stratosphere is comparable to the Kelvin wave forcing. The IG wave forcing is small because of the small wave dissipation rate. The Rossby and mixed Rossby‐gravity (MRG) waves contribute to the westerly‐to‐easterly QBO transition by ∼2 m s−1 month−1. The magnitudes of the simulated Kelvin and Rossby wave forcings are comparable with the Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, whereas the MRG and IG wave forcings are underestimated in the lower stratosphere. Differences between the simulation and reanalysis and the uncertainties in both are discussed.
An empirical model relating U.S. monthly hail occurrence to large‐scale meteorological environment
Authors: Allen John T. , Tippett Michael K. , Sobel Adam H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAn empirical model relating monthly hail occurrence to the large‐scale environment has been developed and tested for the United States (U.S.). Monthly hail occurrence for each
grid box is defined as the number of hail events that occur there during a month; a hail event consists of a 3 h period with at least one report of hail larger than 1 in. The model is derived using climatological annual cycle data only. Environmental variables are taken from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR; 1979–2012). The model includes four environmental variables convective precipitation, convective available potential energy, storm relative helicity, and mean surface to 90 hPa specific humidity. The model differs in its choice of variables and their relative weighting from existing severe weather indices. The model realistically matches the annual cycle of hail occurrence both regionally and for the contiguous U.S. (CONUS). The modeled spatial distribution is also consistent with the observed hail climatology. However, the westward shift of maximum hail frequency during the summer months is delayed in the model relative to observations, and the model has a lower frequency of hail just east of the Rocky Mountains compared to observations. Year‐to‐year variability provides an independent test of the model. On monthly and annual time scales, the model reproduces observed hail frequencies. Overall model trends are small compared to observed changes, suggesting that further analysis is necessary to differentiate between physical and nonphysical trends. The empirical hail model provides a new tool for exploration of connections between large‐scale climate and severe weather.
Touch and Go: Merely Grasping a Product Facilitates Brand Perception and Choice
Authors: Streicher Mathias C. , Estes Zachary 
Published: January 2015

SummaryConsumers often touch products, and such haptic exploration can improve consumers' evaluations of the product. We tested whether cross‐modal priming might contribute to this effect. Under the guise of a weight judgment task, which served as a haptic prime, we had blindfolded participants grasp familiar products (e.g., a Coca Cola bottle). We then had participants visually identify the brand name as quickly as possible (Experiments 1 and 2), list the first beverage brands that come to mind (Experiment 3), or choose between beverage brands as reward for participation (Experiment 4). Haptic exposure facilitated visual recognition of the given brand and increased participants' consideration and choice of that brand. Moreover, this haptic priming was brand specific and occurred even among participants who did not consciously identify the prime brand. These results demonstrate that haptic brand identities can facilitate recognition, consideration, and brand choice, regardless of consumers' conscious awareness of this haptic priming. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Multicomponent Gel for Nitric Oxide Photorelease with Fluorescence Reporting
Authors: Fraix Aurore , Kandoth Noufal , Gref Ruxandra , Sortino Salvatore 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAn engineered hydrogel platform has been developed, in the absence of any toxic solvents or reagents, by the supramolecular self‐assembly of three different components: a poly‐β‐cyclodextrin polymer, a hydrophobically modified dextran, and a photoactivatable bichromophoric molecular conjugate designed to photorelease nitric oxide (NO) with a fluorescent reporting function. The multivalent character of the interactions between the all components and the poor solubility of the conjugate in aqueous medium ensure the stability of the hydrogel and the lack of leaching of the photoactive cargo from the gel network under physiological conditions, even in the absence of protective coating agents. The photochemical properties of the molecular conjugate are retained in the supramolecular matrix, as demonstrated by the remote‐controlled release of NO upon visible light excitation simultaneously to the activation of a fluorescent reporting function, which allows easy monitoring of the photoreleased NO.
Luminescent Pincer Platinum(II) Complexes with Emission Quantum Yields up to Almost Unity: Photophysics, Photoreductive CC Bond Formation, and Materials Applications
Authors: Chow Pui‐Keong , Cheng Gang , Tong Glenna So Ming , To Wai‐Pong , Kwong Wai‐Lun , Low Kam‐Hung , Kwok Chi‐Chung , Ma Chensheng , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLuminescent pincer‐type PtII complexes supported by C‐deprotonated π‐extended tridentate RC^N^NR′ ligands and pentafluorophenylacetylide ligands show emission quantum yields up to almost unity. Femtosecond time‐resolved fluorescence measurements and time‐dependent DFT calculations together reveal the dependence of excited‐state structural distortions of [Pt(RC^N^NR′)(CC‐C6F5)] on the positional isomers of the tridentate ligand. Pt complexes [Pt(R‐C^N^NR′)(CC‐Ar)] are efficient photocatalysts for visible‐light‐induced reductive CC bond formation. The [Pt(R‐C^N^NR′)(CC‐C6F5)] complexes perform strongly as phosphorescent dopants for green‐ and red‐emitting organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with external quantum efficiency values over 22.1 %. These complexes are also applied in two‐photon cellular imaging when incorporated into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs).
Tunable Release of Multiplex Biochemicals by Plasmonically Active Rotary Nanomotors
Authors: Xu Xiaobin , Kim Kwanoh , Fan Donglei 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIt is highly desirable to precisely tune the molecule release rate from the surfaces of nanoparticles (NPs) that are relevant to cancer therapy and single‐cell biology. An innovative mechanism is reported to actively tune the biochemical release rate by rotation of NPs. Plasmonic nanomotors were assembled from NPs and applied in multiplex biochemical release and detection. Both single and multiplex biosignals can be released in a tunable fashion by controlling the rotation speed of the nanomotors. The chemistry and release rate of individual chemicals can be revealed by Raman spectroscopy. The fundamental mechanism was modeled quantitatively and attributed to the fluidic boundary‐layer reduction owing to the liquid convection. This work, which explored the synergistic attributes of surface enhanced Raman scattering and nanoelectromechanical systems, could inspire new sensors that are potentially interesting for various bio‐applications.
Photoactivable Platforms for Nitric Oxide Delivery with Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Fraix Aurore , Sortino Salvatore 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe multifaceted role nitric oxide (NO) plays in human physiology and pathophysiology has stimulated a massive interest on NO‐releasing compounds for therapeutic purposes. A main issue associated with use of NO donors is the precise spatiotemporal control of the NO release, as its effects are strictly site‐ and dose‐dependent. NO photochemical precursors permit surmounting this difficulty since triggering with light offers an exquisite control of location and timing of NO delivery. On the other hand, the combination of NO photodonors with fluorescent components remains an urgent need for image‐guided phototherapeutic treatments based on the use of NO. Fluorescence techniques permit not only an easy tracking of the photoprecursor in a biological environment but also the real‐time quantification of the NO photoreleased therein in a non‐invasive fashion. In this Focus Review we seek to provide an overview of recent advances in photoactivable platforms developed in our and other laboratories which combine the photoregulated release of NO with fluorescent functionalities. We shall focus attention on NO photoreleasing systems exhibiting 1) persistent fluorescence and 2) photoactivable fluorescence signals, highlighting their logical design and potential developments for phototheranostics.
Antiproliferative effects of ZnO, ZnO‐MTCP, and ZnO‐CuMTCP nanoparticles with safe intensity UV and X‐ray irradiation
Authors: Sadjadpour Susan , Safarian Shahrokh , Zargar Seyed Jalal , Sheibani Nader 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer both the light and the photosensitizing agent are normally harmless, but in combination they could result in selective tumor killing. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and coated with the amino acid cysteine to provide an adequate arm for conjugation with porphyrin photosensitizers (meso‐tetra (4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin [MTCP] and CuMTCP). Porphyrin‐conjugated nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, FTIR, and UV–vis, and fluorescence spectrophotometry. The 3‐[4, 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to measure cell viability in the presence or absence of porphyrin conjugates following UV and X‐ray irradiation. The uptake of the porphyrin‐conjugated ZnO nanoparticles by cells was detected using fluorescence microscopy. Our results indicated that the survival of T‐47D cells was significantly compromised in the presence of ZnO‐MTCP‐conjugated nanostructures with UV light exposure. Exhibition of cytotoxic activity of ZnO‐MTCP for human prostate cancer (Du145) cells occurred at a higher concentration, indicating the more resistant nature of these tumor cells. ZnO‐CuMTCP showed milder cytotoxic effects in human breast cancer (T‐47D) and no cytotoxic effects in Du145 with UV light exposure, consistent with its lower cytotoxic potency as well as cellular uptake. Surprisingly, none of the ZnO‐porphyrin conjugates exhibited cytotoxic effects with X‐ray irradiation, whereas ZnO alone exerted cytotoxicity. Thus, ZnO and ZnO‐porphyrin nanoparticles with UV or X‐ray irradiation may provide a suitable treatment option for various cancers.