bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Öffnung der digitalen Magazinbibliothek
Authors: Kohl-Frey Oliver 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung:
Dieser Artikel beschreibt zunächst die Erfahrungen der Universität Konstanz mit Summon als Discovery-Service. Summon wurde im Jahr 2011 als „KonSearch – die Literatursuchmaschine der Universität Konstanz“ eingeführt. Seitdem stiegen die Nutzung und die Akzeptanz dauerhaft an. Im gleichen Jahr wurde an der Universität Konstanz das Projekt Blended Library gestartet. Innerhalb dieses Projekts wurden mehrere Ideen zur Verbindung von gedrucktem und digitalem Bestand und dem Ort Bibliothek entwickelt. Dies führte zum sogenannten Hybrid Bookshelf, das derzeit entwickelt wird.
Predictors of peer victimization among Peruvian adolescents in the young lives cohort
Authors: Lister Cameron , Merrill Ray M. , Vance David , West Joshua H. , Hall P. Cougar , Crookston Benjamin T. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background: Bully-victimization is a widespread public health issue with significant negative effects on both social function and psychological well-being. Existing research in Peru shows high prevalence of bullying. However, researchers have yet to fully understand the phenomenon of victimization in developing regions.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to characterize victimization patterns over time, along with the predictors of victimization from a cohort of Peruvian adolescents enrolled in the young lives (YL) study.
Materials and methods: This study examined data from YL, a longitudinal study of poverty, health, and development, which examined data from the older cohort of children in Peru across three rounds (ages 8, 12, and 15 years). The sample consisted of 714 children from 74 communities that represent 20 districts in Peru.
Results: After adjusting for urban/rural setting, there remained a significantly lower wealth index for children who were bullied at ages 8 and 12 years. Exploratory analysis showed that although those in the lowest quartile of body mass index (BMI) were significantly more likely to be bullied at age 8 years, this association waned over time. A worse caregiver assessment of child’s health compared with others was associated with a significantly greater risk of bully-victimization. At age 8 years, caregiver education was significantly lower among those bullied compared with those who were not bullied.
Conclusion: This study showed several factors as the predictors of victimization in the early years, including being male and having low BMI, low socioeconomic status, and low parental/caregiver education. Further longitudinal studies should be conducted to determine the extent to which these predictors vary in significance over time.
Knowledge and awareness of HIV/AIDS among students of a technical institution
Authors: Gupta Prem Prakash , Verma Rohit Kumar , Tripathi Poonam , Gupta Shruti , Pandey Awanish Kumar 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a major health problem worldwide. The number of infected people is increasing daily. Knowledge and awareness toward prevention and control of the disease is necessary among both educated and illiterate people.
Objective: This study is aimed at assessing the knowledge and awareness about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS among undergraduate students studying in a technical institute in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among youths aged 15–30 years studying in a technical institution in Gorakhpur. Data were collected using a semistructured questionnaire developed with the help of existing literature, from 250 participants (students).
Results: The main source of information was the television; knowledge about the difference between HIV/AIDS was satisfactory. The findings showed that the knowledge about modes of prevention (blood checkup, needle/syringe sterilization) was satisfactory. There were several misconceptions about the modes of transmission of the disease, such as through mosquito bites, eating/drinking, and kissing.
Conclusion: The knowledge of the study population was satisfactory, and there is a need for innovation and comprehensive education to impart better knowledge and understanding about HIV/AIDS.
To Adjust or Not to Adjust? Sensitivity Analysis of M-Bias and Butterfly-Bias
Authors: Ding Peng , Miratrix Luke W. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract“M-Bias,” as it is called in the epidemiologic literature, is the bias introduced by conditioning on a pretreatment covariate due to a particular “M-Structure” between two latent factors, an observed treatment, an outcome, and a “collider.” This potential source of bias, which can occur even when the treatment and the outcome are not confounded, has been a source of considerable controversy. We here present formulae for identifying under which circumstances biases are inflated or reduced. In particular, we show that the magnitude of M-Bias in linear structural equation models tends to be relatively small compared to confounding bias, suggesting that it is generally not a serious concern in many applied settings. These theoretical results are consistent with recent empirical findings from simulation studies. We also generalize the M-Bias setting (1) to allow for the correlation between the latent factors to be nonzero and (2) to allow for the collider to be a confounder between the treatment and the outcome. These results demonstrate that mild deviations from the M-Structure tend to increase confounding bias more rapidly than M-Bias, suggesting that choosing to condition on any given covariate is generally the superior choice. As an application, we re-examine a controversial example between Professors Donald Rubin and Judea Pearl.
Suppress the FWM by Increasing Channel Spacing and Chromatic Dispersion of Fiber in WDM System
Authors: Kaur Veerpal , Bhatia Kamaljit Singh 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the effect of channel spacing and chromatic dispersion on four wave mixing in WDM system. Dominating effect of four wave mixing is minimizing at maximum value of dispersion and channel spacing. Power of FWM, Q-factor, bit error rate and output spectrum is used to measure the performance of system.
Polymorphous transformation in the crystal structure of [Mg(H2O)6Br2][(C7H14N4)2] · 4 (H2O) studied by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction
Authors: Rivera Augusto , Rohlíček Jan , Sadat-Bernal John , Ríos-Motta Jaime , Dušek Michal 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The supramolecular complex [Mg(H2O)6Br2] · [(C7H14N4)2] · 4 (H2O) (1) was synthesized and characterized by combination of techniques as NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis and argentometric titration. The molecular structure was evidenced by X-ray crystallography. It underwent a spontaneous phase transition to a second monoclinic phase (2). Phase (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 13.79430(12), b = 14.80930(13), c = 14.29182(12) Å, β = 91.3976(5)°, and Z = 4. The crystal structure was partially solved by direct methods from intensities obtained from a microcrystal of the material measured by single-crystal method, and finalized from powder data. The second phase (2) with monoclinic space group P21/a, a = 9.19007(6), b = 21.38080(17), c = 8.12027(6) Å, β = 113.7766(5)°, and Z = 2, was solved from powder data, ab initio, by a charge flipping algorithm. The diffraction experiments showed an irreversible phase change occurs as a function of temperature with apparent gain of thermodynamic stability.
Intermetallic magnesium compounds RE
2RuMg3 (RE = Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu) and RE
3Ru2Mg (RE = Sc, Er, Lu) with bcc Superstructures
Authors: Kersting Marcel , Niehaus Oliver , Hoffmann Rolf-Dieter , Rodewald Ute Ch. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The intermetallic magnesium compounds RE
2RuMg3 (RE = Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu) and RE
3Ru2Mg (RE = Sc, Er, Lu) were synthesized from the elements in sealed niobium tubes in muffle or induction furnaces using different annealing sequences. The polycrystalline RE
2RuMg3 and RE
3Ru2Mg samples were characterized through Guinier powder patterns. The structures of Er2RuMg3 and Sc3Ru2Mg were refined on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data: new type, P4/mmm, a = 336.71(9), c = 1234.6(7) pm, wR = 0.0327, 240 F val­ues, 12 variables for Er2RuMg3 and a = 324.67(6), c = 1077.2(3) pm, wR = 0.0345, 273 F values, 12 variables for Sc3Ru2Mg. The Er2RuMg3 and Sc3Ru2Mg structures are i3 superstructures of the CuAu type and thus belong to the large family of ordered bcc derivatives. The fundamental building units are distorted ErRu, ScRu, ScMg, and ErMg cubes. The magnesium-rich phase Er2RuMg3 has a pronounced Mg substructure (314–337 pm Mg–Mg) with distorted cuboctahedral coordination. This sub­structure is compared to other magnesium-rich compounds. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility studies show Curie-Weiss paramagnetism for RE
2RuMg3 (RE = Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) with experimental magnetic moments close to the RE
3+ free ion values. The compounds exhibit antiferromagnetic ordering at Néel temperatures of 6.5(1), 3.6(5), 3.5(5), and 5(1) K, respectively. Metamagnetic transitions underline the stable antiferromagnetic ground states. Lu2RuMg3 is a Pauli paramagnet.
Oxygen-Ozone Therapy for Herniated Lumbar Disc in Patients with Subacute Partial Motor Weakness Due to Nerve Root Compression
Authors: Dall'Olio Massimo , Princiotta Ciro , Cirillo Luigi , Budai Caterina , de Santis Fabio , Bartolini Stefano , Serchi Elena , Leonardi Marco 
Published: September 2014

Intradiscal oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) chemonucleolysis is a well-known effective treatment for pain caused by protruding disc disease and nerve root compression due to bulging or herniated disc. The most widely used therapeutic combination is intradiscal injection of an O2-O3 mixture (chemonucleolysis), followed by periradicular injection of O2-O3, steroid and local anaesthetic to enhance the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. The treatment is designed to resolve pain and is administered to patients without motor weakness, whereas patients with acute paralysis caused by nerve root compression undergo surgery 24–48h after the onset of neurological deficit. This paper reports on the efficacy of O2-O3 chemonucleolysis associated with anti-inflammatory foraminal injection in 13 patients with low back pain and cruralgia, low back pain and sciatica and subacute partial motor weakness caused by nerve root compression unresponsive to medical treatment. All patients were managed in conjunction with our colleagues in the Neurosurgery Unit of Bellaria Hospital and the IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna. The outcomes obtained are promising: 100% patients had a resolution of motor weakness, while 84.6% had complete pain relief. Our results demonstrate that O2-O3 therapy can be considered a valid treatment option for this category of patients.
Clinical and histological heterogeneity of congenital hyperinsulinism due to paternally inherited heterozygous ABCC8/KCNJ11 mutations
Authors: Arya Ved Bhushan , Guemes Maria , Nessa Azizun , Alam Syeda , Shah Pratik , Gilbert Clare , Senniappan Senthil , Flanagan Sarah E , Ellard Sian , Hussain Khalid 
Published: September 2014

ContextCongenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) has two main histological types: diffuse and focal. Heterozygous paternally inherited ABCC8/KCNJ11 mutations (depending upon whether recessive or dominant acting and occurrence of somatic maternal allele loss) can give rise to either phenotype. However, the relative proportion of these two phenotypes in a large cohort of CHI patients due to paternally inherited heterozygous ABCC8/KCNJ11 mutations has not been reported.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to highlight the variable clinical phenotype and to characterise the distribution of diffuse and focal disease in a large cohort of CHI patients due to paternally inherited heterozygous ABCC8/KCNJ11 mutations.DesignA retrospective chart review of the CHI patients due to heterozygous paternally inherited ABCC8/KCNJ11 mutations from 2000 to 2013 was conducted.ResultsPaternally inherited heterozygous ABCC8/KCNJ11 mutations were identified in 53 CHI patients. Of these, 18 (34%) either responded to diazoxide or resolved spontaneously. Fluorine-18 l-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography computerised tomography (18F DOPA–PET CT) scanning in 3/18 children showed diffuse disease. The remaining 35 (66%) diazoxide-unresponsive children either had pancreatic venous sampling (n=8) or 18F DOPA–PET CT (n=27). Diffuse, indeterminate and focal disease was identified in 13, 1 and 21 patients respectively. Two patients with suspected diffuse disease were identified to have focal disease on histology.ConclusionsPaternally inherited heterozygous ABCC8/KCNJ11 mutations can manifest as a wide spectrum of CHI with variable 18F DOPA–PET CT/histological findings and clinical outcomes. Focal disease was histologically confirmed in 24/53 (45%) of CHI patients with paternally inherited heterozygous ABCC8/KCNJ11 mutations.
Young Adult Psychological Outcome After Puberty Suppression and Gender Reassignment
Authors: de Vries Annelou L.C. , McGuire Jenifer K. , Steensma Thomas D. , Wagenaar Eva C.F. , Doreleijers Theo A.H. , Cohen-Kettenis Peggy T. 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND:
In recent years, puberty suppression by means of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs has become accepted in clinical management of adolescents who have gender dysphoria (GD). The current study is the first longer-term longitudinal evaluation of the effectiveness of this approach.

METHODS:
A total of 55 young transgender adults (22 transwomen and 33 transmen) who had received puberty suppression during adolescence were assessed 3 times: before the start of puberty suppression (mean age, 13.6 years), when cross-sex hormones were introduced (mean age, 16.7 years), and at least 1 year after gender reassignment surgery (mean age, 20.7 years). Psychological functioning (GD, body image, global functioning, depression, anxiety, emotional and behavioral problems) and objective (social and educational/professional functioning) and subjective (quality of life, satisfaction with life and happiness) well-being were investigated.

RESULTS:
After gender reassignment, in young adulthood, the GD was alleviated and psychological functioning had steadily improved. Well-being was similar to or better than same-age young adults from the general population. Improvements in psychological functioning were positively correlated with postsurgical subjective well-being.

CONCLUSIONS:
A clinical protocol of a multidisciplinary team with mental health professionals, physicians, and surgeons, including puberty suppression, followed by cross-sex hormones and gender reassignment surgery, provides gender dysphoric youth who seek gender reassignment from early puberty on, the opportunity to develop into well-functioning young adults.
A Statewide Collaborative to Reduce Pediatric Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Toltzis Philip , O’Riordan Maryanne , Cunningham Dennis J. , Ryckman Frederick C. , Bracke Tracey M. , Olivea Jason , Lyren Anne 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND:
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are preventable events associated with significant morbidity and cost. Few interventions have been tested to reduce SSIs in children.

METHODS:
A quality improvement collaboration was established in Ohio composed of all referral children’s hospitals. Collaborative leaders developed an SSI reduction bundle for selected cardiac, orthopedic, and neurologic operations. The bundle was composed of 3 elements: prohibition of razors for skin preparation, chlorhexidine-alcohol use for incisional site preparation, and correct timing of prophylactic antibiotic administration. The incidence of SSIs across the collaborative was compared before and after institution of the bundle. The association between 1 of the bundle elements, namely correct timing of antibiotic prophylaxis, and the proportion of centers achieving 0 SSIs per month was measured.

RESULTS:
Eight pediatric hospitals participated. The proportion of months in which 0 SSIs per center was recorded was 56.9% before introduction of the bundle, versus 81.8% during the intervention (P &lt; .001). Correct timing of preoperative prophylactic antibiotics also significantly improved; 39.4% of centers recorded correct timing in every eligible surgical procedure per month (“perfect timing”) before the intervention versus 78.7% after (P &lt; .001). The achievement of 0 SSIs per center in a given month was associated with the achievement of perfect antibiotic timing for that month (P &lt; .003).

CONCLUSIONS:
A statewide collaborative of children’s hospitals was successful in reducing the occurrence of SSIs across Ohio.
Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Lean Wei Ling , Arnup Sarah , Danchin Margie , Steer Andrew C. 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Effective management of group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis is hindered by impracticality of the gold standard diagnostic test: throat culture. Rapid antigen diagnostic tests (RADTs) are a promising alternative, although concerns about their sensitivity and specificity, and variation between test methodologies, have limited their clinical use. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of RADTs for GAS pharyngitis.

METHODS:
Medline and Embase from 1996 to 2013 were used as data sources. Of 159 identified studies, 48 studies of diagnostic accuracy of GAS RADTs using throat culture on blood agar as a reference standard were selected. Bivariate random-effects regression was used to estimate sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additional meta-analyses were performed for pediatric data.

RESULTS:
A total of 60 pairs of sensitivity and specificity from 48 studies were included. Overall summary estimates for sensitivity and specificity of RADTs were 0.86 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.88) and 0.96 (95% CI 0.94 to 0.97), respectively, and estimates for pediatric data were similar. Molecular-based RADTs had the best diagnostic accuracy. Considerable variability exists in methodology between studies. There were insufficient studies to allow meta-regression/subgroup analysis within each test type.

CONCLUSIONS:
RADTs can be used for accurate diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis to streamline management of sore throat in primary care. RADTs may not require culture backup for negative tests in most low-incidence rheumatic fever settings. Newer molecular tests have the highest sensitivity, but are not true point-of-care tests.
Antibody immobilization for ZnO nanowire based biosensor application
Authors: Gupta Ankur , Nayak Monalisha , Singh Deepak , Bhattacharya Shantanu 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTDue to the high surface area and good bio-compatibility of nano structured ZnO, it finds good utility in biosensor applications. In this work we have fabricated highly dense ZnO nano bundles with the assistance of self assembled poly methylsilisesquoxane (PMSSQ) matrix which has been realized in a carpet like configuration with implanted ZnO nano-seeds. Such high aspect ratio structures (∼50) with carpet like layout have been realized for the first time using solution chemistry. Nanoparticles of PMMSQ are mixed with a nano-assembler Poly-propylene glycol (PPG) and Zinc Oxide nanoseeds (5-15 nm). The PPG acts by assembling the PMSSQ nanoparticles and evaporates from this film thus creating the highly porous nano-assembly of PMMSQ nanoparticles with implanted Zinc Oxide seeds. Nano-wire bundles with a high overall surface roughness are grown over this template by a daylong incubation of an aqueous solution of hexamethylene tetra amine and Zinc nitrate. Characterization of the fabricated structures has been extensively performed using FESEM, EDAX, and XRD. We envision these films to have potential of highly dense immobilization platforms for antibodies in immunosensors. The principle advantage in our case is a high aspect ratio of the nano-bundles and a high level of roughness in overall surface topology of the carpet outgrowing the zinc-oxide nanowire bundles. Antibody immobilization has been performed by modifying the surface with protein-G followed by Goat anti salmonella antibody. Antibody activity has been characterized by using 3D profiler, Bio-Rad Protein assay and UV-Visible spectrophotometer.
A Continuous Flow Device for the Purification of Semiconducting Nanoparticles by AC Dielectrophoresis
Authors: Golnabi Rustin , Chi Su (Ike) Chih , Farias Stephen L. , Cammarata Robert C. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTSingle-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted significant attention as building blocks for future nanoscale electronics due to their small size and unique electronic properties. However, current SWCNT production techniques generate a mixture of two types of nanotubes with divergent electrical behaviors due to structural variations. Some of the nanotubes act as metallic materials while others display semiconducting properties. This random mixture has prevented the realization of functional carbon nanotube-based nanoelectronics. Here, a method of purifying a continuous flow of semiconducting nanotubes from an initially random mixture of both metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs in suspension is presented. This purification uses A/C dielectrophoresis (DEP), and takes advantage of the large difference of the relative dielectric constants between metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs. Because of a difference in magnitude and opposite directions of a dielectrophoretic force imposed on the random SWCNT solution, metallic SWCNTs deposit onto an electrode while semiconducting SWCNTs remain in suspension [3]. A discussion of these techniques is presented, along with a dielectrophoretic force-utilized microfluidic lab-on-a-chip device that can accomplish purification of semiconducting nanoparticles at high processing rates. The effectiveness of the device is characterized using Raman spectroscopy analysis on separated samples.
Development of Earth-abundant CZTS Thin Film Solar Cells with Sulfurization Technique
Authors: Katagiri Hironori , Jimbo Kazuo , Washio Tsukasa 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTCu2ZnSnS4 (henceforth CZTS) absorber layers are successfully synthesized by a sulfurization technique of physical vapor deposited precursors. In our previous report, we have clarified that the off-stoichiometry composition of Cu-poor and Zn-rich is desirable to achieve high conversion efficiency. By using CZTS compound target that provide such active composition, we could conduct a simple single sputtering method to prepare CZTS absorber. In our laboratory, a two-stage process of precursor preparation followed by sulfurization is a major fabrication method from the start of this study. We think that this method is suitable for a mass production. An optimization of the sulfurization process is a quite important issue because the active composition was already revealed. In this paper, TG/DTA system available in the H2S atmosphere is introduced to optimize the sulfurization condition. As a result, bump-free CZTS films were prepared successfully and the fluctuation of J-V properties in one substrate was drastically suppressed.