bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Readmission or Death After Acute ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Brown Jeremiah R. , Conley Sheila M. , Niles Nathaniel W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundRisk factors for emergent readmissions or death after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are important in identifying patients at risk for major adverse events. However, there has been limited investigation conducted of prospective clinical registries to determine relevant risk factors.HypothesisWe hypothesize 30‐day readmission or death could be predicted using patient, procedural, and process factors.MethodsPatients presenting with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) from 2006 to 2011 were prospectively enrolled in a STEMI registry (1271 patients). Thirty‐day readmission was ascertained by administrative claims data. Death was determined by linking to the Social Security Death Master File. Univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression was conducted with Hosmer‐Lemeshow goodness‐of‐fit statistics for model calibration and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for model discrimination.ResultsThe combined end point of 30‐day readmission or postdischarge death included 135 patients (10.6%), including 109 emergent readmissions and 26 deaths. Factors associated with an increase risk of 30‐day readmission or postdischarge death included age ≥80 years, diabetes, chest pain or cardiac arrest at presentation, and 3‐vessel disease found at initial angiography. Factors associated with a decreased risk of 30‐day readmission or postdischarge death included transfer to the catheterization lab from another emergency department, clopidogrel given during the procedure hypercholesterolemia, and receiving aspirin, β‐blockers, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme or angiotensin receptor blocker inhibitors at discharge. Index admission outcomes indicative of readmission or death postdischarge only included a new diagnosis of congestive heart failure. The model discriminated well with an ROC of 0.71 (95% confidence interval: 0.66‐0.76).ConclusionsPrehospitalization factors are overlooked and are important factors to incorporate in routine risk prediction models for readmission or death within 30 days following an AMI.
Enhanced Lithium Battery with Polyethylene Oxide‐Based Electrolyte Containing Silane–Al2O3 Ceramic Filler
Authors: Zewde Berhanu W. , Admassie Shimelis , Zimmermann Jutta , Isfort Christian Schulze , Scrosati Bruno , Hassoun Jusef 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA solid polymer electrolyte prepared by using a solvent‐free, scalable technique is reported. The membrane is formed by low‐energy ball milling followed by hot‐pressing of dry powdered polyethylene oxide polymer, LiCF3SO3 salt, and silane‐treated Al2O3 (Al2O3‐ST) ceramic filler. The effects of the ceramic fillers on the properties of the ionically conducting solid electrolyte membrane are characterized by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, XRD, differential scanning calorimeter, SEM, and galvanostatic cycling in lithium cells with a LiFePO4 cathode. We demonstrate that the membrane containing Al2O3‐ST ceramic filler performs well in terms of ionic conductivity, thermal properties, and lithium transference number. Furthermore, we show that the lithium cells, which use the new electrolyte together with the LiFePO4 electrode, operate within 65 and 90 °C with high efficiency and long cycle life. Hence, the Al2O3‐ST ceramic can be efficiently used as a ceramic filler to enhance the performance of solid polymer electrolytes in lithium batteries.
Assessing the cryptic invasion of a domestic conspecific: American mink in their native range
Authors: Beauclerc Kaela B. , Bowman Jeff , Schulte‐Hostedde Albrecht I. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractControl of invasions is facilitated by their early detection, but this may be difficult when invasions are cryptic due to similarity between invaders and native species. Domesticated conspecifics offer an interesting example of cryptic invasions because they have the ability to hybridize with their native counterparts, and can thus facilitate the introgression of maladaptive genes. We assessed the cryptic invasion of escaped domestic American mink (Neovison vison) within their native range. Feral mink are a known alien invader in many parts of the world, but invasion of their native range is not well understood. We genetically profiled 233 captive domestic mink from different farms in Ontario, Canada and 299 free‐ranging mink from Ontario, and used assignments tests to ascertain genetic ancestries of free‐ranging animals. We found that 18% of free‐ranging mink were either escaped domestic animals or hybrids, and a tree regression showed that these domestic genotypes were most likely to occur south of a latitude of 43.13°N, within the distribution of mink farms in Ontario. Thus, domestic mink appear not to have established populations in Ontario in locations without fur farms. We suspect that maladaptation of domestic mink and outbreeding depression of hybrid and introgressed mink have limited their spread. Mink farm density and proximity to mink farms were not important predictors of domestic genotypes but rather, certain mink farms appeared to be important sources of escaped domestic animals. Our results show that not all mink farms are equal with respect to biosecurity, and thus that the spread of domestic genotypes can be mitigated by improved biosecurity.
Facile Fabrication of Highly‐Dispersed Nickel Nanoparticles with Largely Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity
Authors: Kong Xianggui , Zhao Jingwen , Shi Wenying , Wei Min 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSupported nickel nanoparticles with high dispersion have been prepared by partial reduction of NiAl‐layered double hydroxide (NiAl‐LDH) precursors, which exhibit significant electrocatalytic behavior towards glucose. XRD and XPS results confirm that the nickel nanoparticles are successfully synthesized. TEM images reveal that the nickel nanoparticles are highly dispersed in the NiAl‐LDH matrix with a size of 6±0.3 nm. The resulting nanocomposite modified electrode displays significant electrocatalytic performance to glucose with a broad linear response range (8.0×10−5–2.0×10−3 M), low detection limit (3.6 µM), high sensitivity (339.2 µA/mM), selectivity and excellent reproducibility as well as repeatability.
Piloting and validation of a novel self‐administered online cognitive screening tool in normal older persons: the Cognitive Function Test
Authors: Trustram Eve Catharine , de Jager Celeste A. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundSubtle cognitive changes have been described that may predate the onset of clinically recognizable Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may reflect pathological changes in the brain that are detectable up to 10 years before the onset of AD. Early screening for cognitive status can have benefits in terms of early management and prevention strategies for cognitive decline.MethodA novel computerized cognitive screening tool, the Cognitive Function Test (CFT), was compared with established paper tests of episodic memory, executive function and processing speed, domains previously shown to be predictive of AD, with 50 normal participants, Mini Mental State Examination ≥24, mean age 58.1, SD 5.6 years (range 50–65). An online version, self‐administered by 195 eligible respondents without significant memory complaints or dementia, was assessed.ResultsSignificant correlations (r = 0.75, p < 0.0001) were found between the CFT and paper tests in a pilot study, showing concurrent validity. The pilot computerized tests were compared with the online version, and no differences were found in mean scores on the total test and domain‐specific scores using an algorithm derived from the pilot CFT scores, thus showing internal consistency and reliability of the online format. Norms and 1.5 SD cut‐offs for the CFT are presented.ConclusionThe online CFT was shown to be suitable for self‐administration in online format (with a mouse response mode) for this midlife age group. Individuals may wish to monitor their cognitive performance before memory concerns are sufficient to warrant visiting a GP or memory clinic. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discovery and Mechanism of Type III Secretion System Inhibitors
Authors: May Aaron Elijah , Khosla Chaitan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe Type III Secretion System (TTSS) is indispensable for virulence of many Gram‐negative pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp., Vibrio spp., Chlamydia spp., Shigella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Xanthomonas spp., and Auromonas spp. Such pathogenic bacteria are responsible for diseases such as plague, shigellosis, chlamydia, cholera, pneumonia, and gastroenteritis. This review offers insights into the known inhibitors of the TTSS, their discovery, and their mode of action.
Application of real‐time GPS to earthquake early warning in subduction and strike‐slip environments
Authors: Colombelli Simona , Allen Richard M. , Zollo Aldo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe explore the application of GPS data to earthquake early warning and investigate whether the coseismic ground deformation can be used to provide fast and reliable magnitude estimations and ground shaking predictions. We use an algorithm to extract the permanent static offset from GPS displacement time series and invert for the slip distribution on the fault plane, which is discretized into a small number of rectangular patches. We developed a completely “self‐adapting” strategy in which the initial fault plane model is built based on a quick, approximate magnitude estimation and is then allowed to increase in size based on the evolutionary magnitude estimation resulting from the slip inversion. Two main early warning outputs are delivered in real‐time: magnitude and the along‐strike extent of the rupture area. These are finally used to predict the expected ground shaking due to the finite source. We tested the proposed strategy by simulating real‐time environments for three earthquakes. For theMw9.0, 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake, our algorithm provides the first magnitude estimate of 8.2 at 39 s after the origin time and then gradually increases to 8.9 at 120 s. The estimated rupture length remains constant from the outset at ~360 km. For theMw8.3, 2003 Tokachi‐Oki earthquake, the initial magnitude estimate is 8.5 at 24 s and drops to 8.2 at 40 s with a rupture length of 290 km. Finally, for theMw7.2, 2010 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake, the magnitude estimate is 7.0 from the outset with a rupture length of 140 km. The accuracy of the ground shaking prediction using the GPS‐based magnitude and finite extent is significantly better than existing seismology‐based point source approaches. This approach would also facilitate more rapid tsunami warnings.
The shallow structure of Kīlauea caldera from high‐resolution Bouguer gravity and total magnetic anomaly mapping: Insights into progressive magma reservoir growth
Authors: Zurek Jeffrey , Williams‐Jones Glyn 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe conducted total magnetic field and Bouguer gravity measurements to investigate the shallow structure beneath the summit caldera of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i. Two significant and distinctive magnetic anomalies were identified within the caldera. One is interpreted to be associated with a long‐lived prehistoric eruptive center, the Observatory vent, located ~1 km east of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. The second magnetic anomaly corresponds to a set of eruptive fissures that strike northeast from Halema'uma'u Crater, suggesting this is an important transport pathway for magma. The Bouguer gravity data were inverted to produce 3‐D models of density contrasts in the upper 2 km beneath Kīlauea. The models detect 3.0 km3 of material, denser than 2800 kg m−3, beneath the caldera that may represent an intrusive complex centered northeast of Halema'uma'u. Recent temporal gravity studies indicate continual addition of mass beneath the caldera during 1975–2008 centered west of Halema'uma'u and suggest this is due to filling of void space. The growth of a large intrusive complex, apparent cyclical caldera formation, and continual mass addition without inflation, however, can also be explained by extensional rifting caused by the continual southward movement of Kīlauea's unstable south flank.
Maximal triangle‐free graphs with restrictions on the degrees
Authors: Füredi Zoltán , Seress Ákos 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe investigate the problem that at least how many edges must a maximal triangle‐free graph on n vertices have if the maximal valency is ≤D. Denote this minimum value by F(n, D). For large enough n, we determine the exact value of F(n, D) if D ≥ (n − 2)/2 and we prove that lim F(n, cn)/n = K(c) exists for all 0 < c with the possible exception of a sequence ck → 0. The determination of K(c) is a finite problem on all intervals [γ, ∞). For D = cnϵ, 1/2 < ϵ < 1, we give upper and lower bounds for F(n, D) differing only in a constant factor. (Clearly, D < (n ‐ 1)1/2 is impossible in a maximal triangle‐free graph.)
Minimal locally cyclic triangulations of the projective plane
Authors: Fisk Steve , Mohar Bojan , Nedela Roman 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA triangulation of a surface is locally cyclic if each cycle of length three in its 1‐skeleton bounds a face. It is shown that any locally cyclic triangulation of the projective plane can be obtained by repeatedly using the vertex splitting operation and starting with one of five minimal locally cyclic triangulations.
A neighborhood condition which implies the existence of a class of d‐chromatic subgraphs
Authors: Knisley Debra J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA graph G of order n satisfies the neighborhood condition NCk > s if any collection of k independent vertices is collectively adjacent to more than s vertices. Given a family H of graphs, the decomposition class β(H) is the family of graphs B with the property that for some H ∈ H of chromatic number d, H contains B as an induced subgraph and l̀V(H) − V(B)ǹ is (d − 2) colorable. Let H be a family of d‐chromatic graphs, B an element of β(H) such that B contains an s‐matching as an induced subgraph. Thus the cardinality of one of the partite sets of B is s + r for some integer r ≥ 0. We show that if t is a fixed positive integer, G is a graph of sufficiently large order n that satisfies the neighborhood condition

then G contains B + K(d ‐ 2; t) as a subgraph.
Globally sparse vertex‐ramsey graphs
Authors: Kurek Andrzej , Ruciński Andrzej 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFor graphs G and F we write F → (G)1r if every r‐coloring of the vertices of F results in a monochromatic copy of G. The global density m(F) of F is the maximum ratio of the number of edges to the number of vertices taken over all subgraphs of F. Let

We show that

The lower bound is achieved by complete graphs, whereas, for all r ≥ 2 and ϵ > 0, mcr(Sk, r) > r ‐ ϵ for sufficiently large k, where Sk is the star with k arms. In particular, we prove that
Antioxidant enzyme influences germination, stress tolerance, and virulence of Isaria fumosorosea
Authors: Ali Shaukat , Huang Zhen , Li Huaxing , Bashir Muhammad Hamid , Ren Shunxiang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAntioxidizing enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidae) are important enzymatic systems used to degrade hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, thereby lowering intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels. Entomopathogenic fungi display increased activities of antioxidizing enzymes during growth and germination, which is necessary to counteract the hyperoxidant state produced by oxidative metabolism. We studied the influence of different carbon sources on antioxidizing enzyme production by Isaria fumosorosea to determine the importance of antioxiding enzymes induction in fungal germination, stress tolerance and virulence. Conidia produced by colonies grown on hydrocarbons showed higher rates of enzyme activities compared to the control and the enzyme activities of the conidia produced on n‐octacosane were higher than all the other treatments. The lipid peroxidation activities were observed as an indicative marker of oxidative damage to cells and the lowest levels of lipid peroxidation activities were observed for n‐octacosane treatment. The increased enzyme activities of n‐octacosane‐ grown conidia were accompanied by higher levels of resistance to exogenous hydrogen peroxide, reduction in germination time and higher virulence against Spodoptera exigua. Our study has helped to identify that increased activities of antioxidizing enzymes can improve the germination and tolerance to antioxidant stress response of I. fumosorosea.
Delayed mobilization after microsurgical reconstruction: An independent risk factor for pneumonia
Authors: Yeung Justin K. , Harrop Robertson , McCreary Olivia , Leung Leslie T. , Hirani Naushad , McKenzie David , de Haas Vim , Matthews T. Wayne , Nakoneshny Steve , Dort Joseph C. , Schrag Christiaan 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisLarge defects secondary to oral cancer resection are reconstructed with microsurgical free flaps. Pulmonary complications in these patients are common. Postoperative mobilization is recommended to decrease respiratory complications; however, many microsurgeons are reluctant to adopt early mobilization protocols due to the perceived risk of flap compromise. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of pneumonia among patients undergoing oral cancer resection and immediate free flap reconstruction and to compare the incidence of this complication between patients mobilized early (<4 days postoperative) versus later. A secondary goal was to determine whether early postoperative mobilization affected microvascular flap outcome.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsSixty‐two consecutive patients treated between 2005 and 2009 with oral carcinoma resection and free flap reconstruction were studied. Information pertaining to comorbidities, postoperative care, and complications were collected. Risk factors for development of pulmonary and flap complications were analyzed.ResultsThe incidence of pneumonia was 30.6%. Longer intensive care unit stay (P = 0.01), tracheostomy decannulation later than 10 days (P = 0.04), and longer operative times (P = 0.04) were significantly associated with pneumonia. Delayed mobilization (after day 4 postoperative) was an independent risk factor for pneumonia (OR = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 17.1). Early mobilization (before day 4 postoperative) was not associated with an increased incidence of secondary flap procedures or flap failure.ConclusionLate mobilization of free flap patients is an independent risk factor for developing postoperative pneumonia. Earlier mobilization does not increase flap failure rates, is safe, and should be strongly considered in all free flap patients to reduce pulmonary complications.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:2996–3000, 2013
Conformational change, intrachain aggregation and photophysical properties of regioregular poly(3‐octylthiophene) in alkanes
Authors: Potai Ruttayapon , Kamphan Anothai , Traiphol Rakchart 
Published: June 2013

ABSTACTThis study explores the role of segmental solubility of regioregular poly(3‐octylthiophene) (rr‐P3OT) on chain organization and its photophysical properties. In good solvent chlorobenzene (CRB), rr‐P3OT chain adopts an extended conformation, allowing long conjugation length of π‐electrons. Cyclohexane is a good solvent for octyl side chain but a poor solvent for the thiophene backbone. The selective segmental interactions of rr‐P3OT with this solvent induce conformational change of the polymer. Addition of cyclohexane into the CRB solution leads to chain coiling, which in turn causes significant decrease of the conjugation length. Absorption and photoluminescence spectra of the rr‐P3OT in cyclohexane exhibit a blueshift of about 16 nm compared to those of the CRB solution. The change of chain conformation is also detectable by monitoring the variation of quantum yield upon increasing cyclohexane ratio. The quantum yield drops from 0.17 ± 0.01 to 0.11 ± 0.01 when the extended rr‐P3OT chain transforms into coiled conformation. Hexane is a nonsolvent for rr‐P3OT due to its relatively low solubility parameter. The addition of hexane into rr‐P3OT solution in cyclohexane forces dense packing of thiophene rings within the coiled chain. An intrachain aggregation occurs in this system, leading to the appearance of three distinct redshift peaks in absorption spectra and the drastic drop of quantum yield. Correlation between the growth of redshift peaks and the decrease of quantum yield is clearly observed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1288–1297
Sampling strategy and analysis of trace element concentrations by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on medieval human bones – the concept of chemical life history
Authors: Skytte Lilian , Rasmussen Kaare Lund 
Published: June 2013

RATIONALEMedieval human bones have the potential to reveal diet, mobility and treatment of diseases in the past. During the last two decades trace element chemistry has been used extensively in archaeometric investigations revealing such data. Many studies have reported the trace element inventory in only one sample from each skeleton – usually from the femur or a tooth. It cannot a priori be assumed that all bones or teeth in a skeleton will have the same trace element concentrations.METHODSSix different bone and teeth samples from each individual were carefully decontaminated by mechanical means. Following dissolution of ca. 20 mg sample in nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide the assays were performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) with quadropole detection. We describe the precise sampling technique as well as the analytical methods and parameters used for the ICPMS analysis.RESULTSThe places of sampling in the human skeleton did exhibit varying trace element concentrations. Although the samples are contaminated by Fe, Mn and Al from the surrounding soil where the bones have been residing for more than 500 years, other trace elements are intact within the bones. It is shown that the elemental ratios Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca can be used as indicators of provenance.CONCLUSIONSThe differences in trace element concentrations can be interpreted as indications of varying diet and provenance as a function of time in the life of the individual – a concept which can be termed chemical life history. A few examples of the results of such analyses are shown, which contains information about provenance and diagenesis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.