bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated pipe design in 3D using a multi-objective toolchain for efficient decision-making
Authors: Neumaier Moritz , Kranemann Stefan , Kazmeier Bernd , Rudolph Stephan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Pipe design in 3D is typically characterized by competing objectives, since the different design objectives, such as the reduction of length, weight, number of bends, manufacturing cost, and overall angle sum, are examples for such competing design goals, where one goal is often at the expense of the other. The origin of these competing design goals lies in the highly coupled problems of finding a permissible and collision-free pipe path in a complex 3D geometry and the physical properties of the path found. Because of the complex physics and geometry, these couplings are highly non-linear and mostly accessible via simulation only. The underlying pipe design optimization problem can thus not be solved explicitly and is tackled instead with a multi-disciplinary search procedure. Since the trade-offs between different competing evaluation objectives are often not known in advance, an automated design space exploration can be performed to generate different pipe designs, leading to well-informed design decisions by human experts. Such a design space exploration is shown and discussed using the pipework in a mounting rack in an Airbus A320 main landing gear bay. A total of 144 valid designs are generated, out of which the best in each criteria and the pareto-optimal solutions are automatically selected. Compared to the manually created Airbus A320 series solution, up to $10.4\%$ of the pipe length or up to $16.9\%$ of the bends can be saved using the same fixings and connection points, demonstrating both the feasibility and the industrial applicability of the automated toolchain.
Therapeutic efficacy and safety of biweekly administration of enfortumab vedotin for urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Nakagawa Ryunosuke , Izumi Kouji , Toriumi Ren , Aoyama Shuhei , Kamijima Taiki , Kano Hiroshi , Makino Tomoyuki , Naito Renato , Iwamoto Hiroaki , Yaegashi Hiroshi , Kawaguchi Shohei , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Nohara Takahiro , Mizokami Atsushi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is an established pharmacotherapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC); however, its adverse events (AEs) cannot be overlooked. The study investigated the efficacy and safety of biweekly EV administration.

Methods
Patients with mUC who received EV at our institution were included in the study. Eligible patients were classified into two groups as follows: those who received EV on a standard schedule (standard group) and those who received EV on a biweekly schedule (biweekly group); the treatment outcomes and AEs between the two groups were compared.

Results
Nine and 19 patients were in the standard group and biweekly groups, respectively. The progression-free survival, overall survival, and overall response rate were not significantly different between the two groups. AEs following EV administration, such as decreased appetite (P &lt; .01), pruritus (P &lt; .01), rash maculopapular (P &lt; .01), anemia (P = .04), and liver dysfunction (P = .04), were significantly more frequent in the standard group. Grade 3 or higher AEs, such as pruritus (P = .03) and rash maculopapular (P &lt; .01), were significantly more frequent in the standard group. Furthermore, significantly more patients in the standard group had to be given a reduced dose due to adverse events (P = .02).

Conclusions
Biweekly administration of EV may be safer without compromising therapeutic efficacy than the standard schedule.
How black hole activity may influence exoplanetary evolution in our Galaxy
Authors: Ishibashi W 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
An increasing number of exoplanets have been discovered in the Milky Way galaxy, which is also known to harbour a super-massive black hole (Sagittarius A*) at its centre. Here, we investigate how the central black hole (BH) activity may affect the evolution of exoplanets in our Galaxy. Accreting BHs emit high-energy radiation – extreme ultraviolet and X-rays – which can lead to XUV photoevaporation of the planetary atmospheres. We evaluate the atmospheric mass-loss using both theoretical estimates of the BH radiative output and observational constraints on the past activity history of Sgr A*. The resulting mass-loss is analysed as a function of the galactocentric distance. For the first time, we compute the exoplanet atmospheric evolution under BH irradiation by explicitly including the temporal evolution of the central luminosity output (i.e. the BH activity history). We obtain that Sgr A* could have a major impact on exoplanets located in the inner region of the Galaxy (e.g. Galactic bulge); a significant fraction of the atmospheric mass can be removed by BH irradiation; and in extreme cases, the initial atmosphere may be completely stripped away. Such mass-loss can have important consequences on the atmospheric chemistry and potential biological evolution. We discuss the physical implications for planetary habitability, and we also briefly consider the case of stellar-mass BHs. Overall, accreting black holes may play a significant role in the evolution of exoplanets in our Galaxy across cosmic time.
Understanding the relationship between sequences and kinetics of DNA strand displacements
Authors: Long Da , Shi Peichen , Xu Xin , Ren Jiayi , Chen Yuqing , Guo Shihui , Wang Xinchang , Cao Xiaoyu , Yang Liulin , Tian Zhongqun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Precisely modulating the kinetics of toehold-mediated DNA strand displacements (TMSD) is essential for its application in DNA nanotechnology. The sequence in the toehold region significantly influences the kinetics of TMSD. However, due to the large sample space resulting from various arrangements of base sequences and the resulted complex secondary structures, such a correlation is not intuitive. Herein, machine learning was employed to reveal the relationship between the kinetics of TMSD and the toehold sequence as well as the correlated secondary structure of invader strands. Key factors that influence the rate constant of TMSD were identified, such as the number of free hydrogen bonding sites in the invader, the number of free bases in the toehold, and the number of hydrogen bonds in intermediates. Moreover, a predictive model was constructed, which successfully achieved semi-quantitative prediction of rate constants of TMSD even with subtle distinctions in toehold sequence.
Structural insights into the assembly of type IIA topoisomerase DNA cleavage-religation center
Authors: Liu Ko-Ting , Chen Shin-Fu , Chan Nei-Li 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The ability to catalyze reversible DNA cleavage and religation is central to topoisomerases' role in regulating DNA topology. In type IIA topoisomerases (Top2), the formation of its DNA cleavage-religation center is driven by DNA-binding-induced structural rearrangements. These changes optimally position key catalytic modules, such as the active site tyrosine of the WHD domain and metal ion(s) chelated by the TOPRIM domain, around the scissile phosphodiester bond to perform reversible transesterification. To understand this assembly process in detail, we report the catalytic core structures of human Top2α and Top2β in an on-pathway conformational state. This state features an in trans formation of an interface between the Tower and opposing TOPRIM domain, revealing a groove for accommodating incoming G-segment DNA. Structural superimposition further unveils how subsequent DNA-binding-induced disengagement of the TOPRIM and Tower domains allows a firm grasp of the bound DNA for cleavage/religation. Notably, we identified a previously undocumented protein-DNA interaction, formed between an arginine-capped C-terminus of an α-helix in the TOPRIM domain and the DNA backbone, significantly contributing to Top2 function. This work uncovers a previously unrecognized role of the Tower domain, highlighting its involvement in anchoring and releasing the TOPRIM domain, thus priming Top2 for DNA binding and cleavage.
Definition of the effector landscape across 13 phytoplasma proteomes with LEAPH and EffectorComb
Authors: Calia Giulia , Cestaro Alessandro , Schuler Hannes , Janik Katrin , Donati Claudio , Moser Mirko , Bottini Silvia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ genus, a group of fastidious phloem-restricted bacteria, can infect a wide variety of both ornamental and agro-economically important plants. Phytoplasmas secrete effector proteins responsible for the symptoms associated with the disease. Identifying and characterizing these proteins is of prime importance for expanding our knowledge of the molecular bases of the disease. We faced the challenge of identifying phytoplasma's effectors by developing LEAPH, a machine learning ensemble predictor composed of four models. LEAPH was trained on 479 proteins from 53 phytoplasma species, described by 30 features. LEAPH achieved 97.49% accuracy, 95.26% precision and 98.37% recall, ensuring a low false-positive rate and outperforming available state-of-the-art methods. The application of LEAPH to 13 phytoplasma proteomes yields a comprehensive landscape of 2089 putative pathogenicity proteins. We identified three classes according to different secretion models: ‘classical’, ‘classical-like’ and ‘non-classical’. Importantly, LEAPH identified 15 out of 17 known experimentally validated effectors belonging to the three classes. Furthermore, to help the selection of novel candidates for biological validation, we applied the Self-Organizing Maps algorithm and developed a Shiny app called EffectorComb. LEAPH and the EffectorComb app can be used to boost the characterization of putative effectors at both computational and experimental levels, and can be employed in other phytopathological models.
Effects of Sesamin in Animal Models of Obesity-Associated Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zuo Jinshi , Ren Jingyi , Yin Bowen , Wang Ziyi , Cui Qiqi , Liu Jiarui , Huang Dan , Pei Huanting , Wen Rui , Zhang Yadong , Ma Yuxia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Context
As living standards have improved and lifestyles have undergone changes, metabolic diseases associated with obesity have become increasingly prevalent. It is well established that sesamin (Ses) (PubChem CID: 72307), the primary lignans in sesame seeds and sesame oil, possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Objective
In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of Ses on animal models of obesity-related diseases was performed to assess their impact on relevant disease parameters. Importantly, this study sought to provide insights for the design of future human clinical studies utilizing Ses as a nutritional supplement or drug.

Data Sources
This study conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, identifying English language articles published from inception to April 2023.

Data Extraction
The search incorporated keywords such as “sesamin,” “obesity,” “non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,” “type 2 diabetes mellitus,” and “metabolic syndrome.” The meta-analysis included 17 articles on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

Data Analysis
Overall, the pooled results demonstrated that Ses significantly reduced levels of total serum cholesterol (P = .010), total serum triglycerides (P = .003), alanine transaminase (P = .003), and blood glucose (P &lt; .001), and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P = .012) in animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In the type 2 diabetes model, Ses mitigated drug-induced weight loss (P &lt; .001), high-fat-diet–induced weight gain (P &lt; .001), and blood glucose levels (P = .001). In the metabolic syndrome model, Ses was associated with a significant reduction in body weight (P &lt; .001), total serum cholesterol (P &lt; .001), total serum triglycerides (P &lt; .001), blood glucose (P &lt; .001), and alanine transaminase levels (P = .039).

Conclusion
The meta-analysis results of this study suggest that Ses supplementation yields favorable effects in animal models of obesity-related diseases, including hypolipidemic, insulin-lowering, and hypoglycemic abilities, as well as organ protection from oxidative stress and reduced inflammation.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023438502.
The cytoskeleton controls the dynamics of plasma membrane proteins and facilitates their endocytosis in plants
Authors: Luo Pengyun , Zuo Xinxiu , Bu Yufen , Qian Hongping , Xu Changwen , Niu Shihui , Lin Jinxing , Cui Yaning 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Plasma membranes (PMs) are highly dynamic structures where lipids and proteins can theoretically diffuse freely. However, reports indicate that PM proteins do not freely diffuse within their planes but are constrained by cytoskeleton networks, though the mechanisms for how the cytoskeleton restricts lateral diffusion of plant PM proteins are unclear. Through single-molecule tracking, we investigated the dynamics of 6 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PM proteins with diverse structures and found distinctions in sizes and dynamics among these proteins. Moreover, we showed that the cytoskeleton, particularly microtubules, limits the diffusion of PM proteins, including transmembrane and membrane-anchoring proteins. Interestingly, the microfilament skeleton regulates intracellular transport of endocytic cargo. Therefore, these findings indicate that the cytoskeleton controls signal transduction by limiting diffusion of PM proteins in specific membrane compartments and participating in transport of internalized cargo vesicles, thus actively regulating plant signal transduction.
Resonance sonomanometry for noninvasive, continuous monitoring of blood pressure
Authors: Jimenez Raymond , Yurk Dominic , Dell Steven , Rutledge Austin C , Fu Matt K , Dempsey William P , Abu-Mostafa Yaser , Rajagopal Aditya , Brinley Rajagopal Alaina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Existing methods for continuous, noninvasive blood pressure (BP) monitoring suffer from poor accuracy, uncomfortable form factors, or a need for frequent calibration, limiting their adoption. We introduce a new framework for continuous BP measurement that is noninvasive and calibration-free called resonance sonomanometry. The method uses ultrasound imaging to measure both the arterial dimensions and artery wall resonances that are induced by acoustic stimulation, which offers a direct measure of BP by a fully determined physical model. The approach and model are validated in vitro using arterial mock-ups and then in multiple arteries in human subjects. This approach offers the promise of robust continuous BP measurements, providing significant benefits for early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
The gender gap in political efficacy: the accelerating effect of classroom discussions
Authors: García-Albacete Gema , Hoskins Bryony 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The gender gap in political self-efficacy originates early in life and is among the most persistent inequalities in political attitudes across Western democracies. The difficulties in accessing data for early adolescents have resulted in limited research available to provide an understanding on how gender differences in political self-efficacy are developed. In this article we provide unique evidence on the development of the efficacy gap during secondary school. The Citizenship Educational Longitudinal study data from England on young people between the ages 11–16 shows that boys increase their levels of political self-efficacy significantly during this period while girls do not. Secondly, we show that teaching methods that are expected to enable the development of internal political efficacy, such as classroom discussions, are accelerating the gender gap in perceived abilities to get engaged in politics. Our findings show that, despite having the same access to classroom discussions in schools, this experience has a positive effect in the development of political efficacy for boys but, if anything, a negative effect for girls. Furthermore, even a small number of boys in the classroom discussions appears detrimental to girls’ political efficacy.
Delayed school start time is associated with better sleep, mental health, and life satisfaction among residential high-school students: a prospective study
Authors: Chan Christian S , Tang Ming Chun , Leung Jacklyn C Y , Poon Cyanea Y S , Lau Esther Y Y 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study examined the longer-term individual- and school-level changes in students 7 months after a 1-hour delay in school start time (SST). Two cohorts of grade 11 students (N = 227; 60.8% female, age = 17.0 [0.85]) at a residential high school in Hong Kong completed a questionnaire assessing sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, depression, anxiety, stress, and subjective well-being in 2017 and 2018, respectively. One of the cohorts was reassessed 7 months after the implementation of a delay in SST, from 07:30 am to 08:30 am (n = 83, 65.1% female). School-level data on breakfast consumption, attendance, tardiness, and health clinic visits were collected. Between-group and within-group prospective comparisons suggest that the delay in SST was associated with improved sleep duration, mental health, and life satisfaction. School-level data revealed increased breakfast consumption and decreased unexcused absences, tardiness, and clinic visits.
“I don’t believe that I have been wanted”: Processes of Overinclusion and Exclusion in Racialized and Gendered Organizations
Authors: Misra Joya , Kane-Lee Ember Skye , Mickey Ethel , Smith-Doerr Laurel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Many studies document that faculty of color, and particularly women of color, find the academy unwelcoming. Yet research that centers intersectional understanding of the mechanisms leading to these inequalities is underdeveloped. We identify three context-dependent mechanisms of racial and gender disadvantage among faculty: active exclusion, overinclusion, and passive exclusion. Taking an explicitly intersectional approach that builds on relational inequality theory, our study focuses on 32 faculty of color, including 18 women and 14 men, comparing their experiences to 30 same-rank white departmental colleagues. Comparing the experiences of faculty who share the same rank and department but differ by race and gender provides a deeper understanding of how race and gender inequalities intersect and are shaped by organizational processes. Active exclusion involves the devaluation of BIPOC faculty’s research, as well the barring of access to resources and positions. Overinclusion is characterized by the overreliance of the university on the labor of faculty of color, particularly women of color, without appropriate compensation. Finally, we conceptualize a more passive kind of exclusion, where BIPOC faculty are left out of collaborations, mentoring, and decision-making relative to white colleagues. Moving beyond rhetoric to disrupting racism in the academy requires addressing overinclusion, and both active and passive forms of exclusion.
Trust in institutions affects vaccination campaign outcomes
Authors: Leblang David , Smith Michael D , Wesselbaum Dennis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Trust is an important driver of various outcomes, but little is known about whether trust in institutions affects actual vaccination campaign outcomes rather than only beliefs and intentions.

Methods
We used nationally representative, individual-level data for 114 countries and combined them with data on vaccination policies and rates. We measured the speed of the vaccination campaign for each country using the estimated growth rate of a Gompertz curve. We then performed country-level regressions in the global sample and explored heterogeneity across World Bank development groups.

Results
Globally, higher trust in institutions significantly increased vaccination rates (p&lt;0.01) and vaccination speed (p&lt;0.01). The effect was strong in low- and middle-income countries but statistically not significant in high-income countries.

Conclusions
Our findings have implications for the design of vaccination campaigns for national governments and international organizations. The findings highlight the importance of trust in institutions when designing communication strategies around vaccination campaigns in low- and middle-income countries.
Food-triggered anaphylaxis in adults
Authors: Chong Tricia , Olivieri Bianca , Skypala Isabel J. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Adult food allergy, either unresolved from childhood, or new-onset in adult-life, is known to be increasingly prevalent. Although much of the reported anaphylaxis in adults is due to drug reactions, foods are becoming an increasingly important trigger, affecting adults of all ages, with a wide variation in food triggers which are often quite different to those reported in children.

Recent findings
Peanuts are well known to cause anaphylaxis in some adult populations, but other legumes such as soy may be more relevant in others. Reactions to natto, fermented soybeans, are currently mainly reported in Japan, but changing dietary practices and an increase in plant-based eating mean natto, other forms of soy and other legumes are increasingly linked to anaphylaxis in Western countries. Anaphylaxis to red meat, caused by sensitization to galactose-α-1,3-galactose and first reported in North America, is now a more world-wide concern. Co-factor induced anaphylaxis is increasingly associated with both wheat allergy and lipid transfer protein allergy.

Summary
More research is urgently needed to characterize adult food allergy, its triggers and symptom severity. Unusual food triggers and potential co-factors should be considered, so that anaphylaxis in adults can be correctly managed, not merely labelled as idiopathic.
Tryptase in drug-induced anaphylaxis: the need for acute and baseline values
Authors: Michel Moïse , Giusti Delphine , Klingebiel Caroline , Vitte Joana 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
The purpose of this narrative review was to summarize data and official recommendations purporting to paired tryptase determination in patients experiencing drug-induced anaphylaxis, published between January 1, 2023 and June 1, 2024.

Recent findings
Three main lines of evidence obtained through paired acute and baseline tryptase determination were identified: diagnostic criterion for hypersensitivity reactions involving systemic mast cell activation; differential diagnostic criterion for hypersensitivity reactions involving other mechanisms of immediate reactions; and added value of acute and baseline tryptase levels for personalized management following drug-induced anaphylaxis: cause, risk of recurrence, underlying mast cell conditions including hereditary α-tryptasemia, familial clusters.

Summary
The implementation of existing guidelines which consensually recommend paired tryptase measurement is a persistent unmet need hampering optimal diagnosis of drug-induced anaphylaxis and patient management. Another major unmet need is the lack of standardized recommendations for hereditary α-tryptasemia testing and counselling. Progress in this field is seen at a rapid pace, requiring significant efforts of continued medical education for practicing clinicians and laboratory specialists worldwide.