bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Wiskemann Joachim 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The procedure of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an intense treatment approach to cure patients from leukemia or lymphoma. Prior, during, and after HSCT, patients experience considerable physical and psychosocial distress. In light of the increasing number of successfully treated patients, the need is growing for evidence-based adjuvant therapy options, which are able to reduce treatment-related side effects and enhance the rehabilitation process. Exercise constitutes to be a promising intervention in this setting due to its multidimensional effectiveness. The purpose of this article was to review the current knowledge in the field of exercise and HSCT. Therefore, an electronic literature search in PubMed on the topic was performed. Twenty-nine articles could be identified and classified as relevant for this paper. Reviewed studies suggest that exercise training is an important therapeutic approach in the supportive care for transplant patients. Significant benefits from the exercise interventions have been reported for physical performance, quality of life (QoL), and fatigue status. Several other benefits, such as a more rapid immune recovery or alleviation of therapy-related side effects have been reported in some studies. Future studies should address existing methodological problems, identify further effect levels of exercise and integrate a long-term perspective for the participants in the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Furthermore, potential biological pathways of exercise in HSCT patients should be investigated.
Orthopaedic manifestations and diagnostic clues in children with Guillain–Barré syndrome
Authors: Matsushita Masaki , Kitoh Hiroshi , Itomi Kazuya , Kitakoji Takahiko , Iwata Koji , Mishima Kenichi , Ishiguro Naoki , Hattori Tadashi 
Published: January 2013

Introduction Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy characterized by symmetric limb weakness. Children with GBS sometimes consult the orthopaedists because of limb pain and gait disturbance. The orthopaedists, however, are unfamiliar with GBS, since it has rarely been delineated in detail in the orthopaedic literature. In the present study, we specifically describe orthopaedic manifestations and diagnostic clues in pediatric GBS. Methods We reviewed seven patients with pediatric GBS in regard to age, gender, clinical symptoms, department at the first medical consultation, initial diagnosis, physical and laboratory findings, medical interventions, and the latest clinical outcome. Results There were five boys and two girls, with a mean age at presentation of 7.2 years. Gait disturbance associated with lower limb pain and weakness was the most frequent early clinical symptom. Among the five patients who presented initially at the orthopaedic department, three were misdiagnosed. Loss of deep tendon reflexes was seen in all patients. Anti-ganglioside antibodies were positive in three and protein levels of cerebrospinal fluid were elevated in five patients. Six patients recovered completely after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment, while one patient who had not undergone IVIG treatment showed minor residual disability. Conclusions Acute symmetrical limb pain and gait disturbance associated with loss of tendon reflexes were important clinical manifestations of pediatric GBS. Early diagnosis is essential to prevent delayed recovery, long-term weakness, and permanent functional disabilities.
Reduction osteoplasty for treating pneumosinus dilatans of the maxillary sinus
Authors: Hyun S M , Min J-Y , Jang Y J 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjective:To report a patient with maxillary pneumosinus dilatans and facial deformity treated by reduction osteoplasty and reconstruction.Case report:This study describes the successful management of facial deformity in a 17-year-old male with maxillary pneumosinus dilatans. The patient's facial deformity of the maxillary sinus, which had been slowly progressing over a 10-year period, was managed by reduction osteoplasty and reconstruction using the maxillary bone, conchal cartilage and Tutoplast-processed fascia lata via a sublabial approach. This treatment yielded satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes.Conclusion:As pneumosinus dilatans of the maxillary sinus is uncommon, there is no established surgical treatment protocol. This surgical technique was less invasive than other described procedures and revealed good cosmetic results.
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY AT HOME: SAFETY-RELATED ITEMS IN TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION
Authors: Hilbers Ellen S.M. , de Vries Claudette G.J.C.A , Geertsma Robert E. 
Published: January 2013

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the technical documentation of manufacturers on issues of safe use of their device in a home setting.Methods: Three categories of equipment were selected: infusion pumps, ventilators, and dialysis systems. Risk analyses, instructions for use, labels, and post market surveillance procedures were requested from manufacturers. Additionally, they were asked to fill out a questionnaire on collection of field experience, on incidents, and training activities.Results: Specific risks of device operation by lay users in a home setting were incompletely addressed in the risk analyses. A substantial number of user manuals were designed for professionals, rather than for patients or lay carers. Risk analyses and user information often showed incomplete coherence. Post market surveillance was mainly based on passive collection of field experiences.Conclusions: Manufacturers of infusion pumps, ventilators, and dialysis systems pay insufficient attention to the specific risks of use by lay persons in home settings. It is expected that this conclusion is also applicable for other medical equipment for treatment at home. Manufacturers of medical equipment for home use should pay more attention to use errors, lay use and home-specific risks in design, risk analysis, and user information. Field experiences should be collected more actively. Coherence between risk analysis and user information should be improved. Notified bodies should address these aspects in their assessment. User manuals issued by institutions supervising a specific home therapy should be drawn up in consultation with the manufacturer.
Human metapneumovirus infections are associated with severe morbidity in hospitalized children of all ages
Authors: HAHN A. , WANG W. , JAGGI P. , DVORCHIK I. , RAMILO O. , KORANYI K. , MEJIAS A. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe impact of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in children aged >5 years and the risk factors associated with disease severity for all ages have not been well characterized. A retrospective cohort study of 238 children aged 0–15 years hospitalized over a 3-year period was performed. Medical records were reviewed for demographic information, clinical parameters and outcomes. Multivariable analyses were performed to identify independent factors associated with worse disease severity assessed by length of hospital stay (LOS), need for ICU care, respiratory support, and a disease severity score. Pulmonary diseases were associated with all outcomes of care, while congenital heart disease (CHD) and neuromuscular disorders were associated with longer LOS, and CHD and trisomy 21 were associated with worse severity scores independent of other covariables. Fever, retractions, use of steroids and albuterol were also associated with enhanced disease severity. Understanding the determinants of HMPV disease in children may help design targeted preventive strategies.
Recurrent epidemic cholera with high mortality in Cameroon: persistent challenges 40 years into the seventh pandemic
Authors: CARTWRIGHT E. J. , PATEL M. K. , MBOPI-KEOU F. X. , AYERS T. , HAENKE B. , WAGENAAR B. H. , MINTZ E. , QUICK R. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYCameroon has experienced recurrent cholera epidemics with high mortality rates. In September 2009, epidemic cholera was detected in the Far North region of Cameroon and the reported case-fatality rate was 12%. We conducted village-, healthcare facility- and community-level surveys to investigate reasons for excess cholera mortality. Results of this investigation suggest that cholera patients who died were less likely to seek care, receive rehydration therapy and antibiotics at a healthcare facility, and tended to live further from healthcare facilities. Furthermore, use of oral rehydration salts at home was very low in both decedents and survivors. Despite the many challenges inherent to delivering care in Cameroon, practical measures could be taken to reduce cholera mortality in this region, including the timely provision of treatment supplies, training of healthcare workers, establishment of rehydration centres, and promotion of household water treatment and enhanced handwashing with soap.
Prevalence and genetic diversity of two adhesion-related genes, pilE and nadA, in Neisseria meningitidis in China
Authors: SUN X. , ZHOU H. , XU L. , YANG H. , GAO Y. , ZHU B. , SHAO Z. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe main Neisseria meningitidis adhesion molecules, type IV pili (Tfp) and Neisseria adhesion A (NadA), play important roles in the pathogenesis of invasive meningococcal disease. PilE is the major Tfp subunit. In this study, the prevalence and genetic diversity of pilE and nadA were investigated in the prevalent serogroups and clonal complexes (CC) of N. meningitidis isolated in China. All serogroup A strains belonging to CC1 and CC5 and all CC11 serogroup W135 strains were clustered into class II PilE clades. All serogroup C and most of serogroup B isolates except CC8 and ST5642 were class I PilE clades. Class II pilE sequences were highly conserved. All isolates belonging to class I PilE isolates were nadA negative. However, nadA-positive strains were exclusively found in CC5 and CC11 isolates (class II PilE). This study showed that PilE and NadA may be related to epidemic or endemic meningococcal disease.
Identification of the activator-binding residues in the second cysteine-rich regulatory domain of protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ)
Authors: Rahman Ghazi M. , Shanker Sreejesh , Lewin Nancy E. , Kedei Noemi , Hill Colin S. , Prasad B. V.  Venkataram , Blumberg Peter M. , Das Joydip 
Published: January 2013

PKC (protein kinase C) θ is predominantly expressed in T-cells and is critically involved in immunity. Design of PKCθ-selective molecules to manage autoimmune disorders by targeting its activator-binding C1 domain requires the knowledge of its structure and the activator-binding residues. The C1 domain consists of twin C1 domains, C1A and C1B, of which C1B plays a critical role in the membrane translocation and activation of PKCθ. In the present study we determined the crystal structure of PKCθC1B to 1.63 Å (1 Å=0.1 nm) resolution, which showed that Trp253 at the rim of the activator-binding pocket was orientated towards the membrane, whereas in PKCδC1B the homologous tryptophan residue was orientated away from the membrane. This particular orientation of Trp253 affects the size of the activator-binding pocket and the membrane affinity. To further probe the structural constraints on activator-binding, five residues lining the activator-binding site were mutated (Y239A, T243A, W253G, L255G and Q258G) and the binding affinities of the PKCθC1B mutants were measured. These mutants showed reduced binding affinities for phorbol ester [PDBu (phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate)] and diacylglycerol [DOG (sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol), SAG (sn-1-stearoyl 2-arachidonyl glycerol)]. All five full-length PKCθ mutants exhibited reduced phorbol-ester-induced membrane translocation compared with the wild-type. These results provide insights into the PKCθ activator-binding domain, which will aid in future design of PKCθ-selective molecules.
Mammalian Trit1 is a tRNA[Ser]Sec-isopentenyl transferase required for full selenoprotein expression
Authors: Fradejas Noelia , Carlson Bradley A. , Rijntjes Eddy , Becker Niels-Peter , Tobe Ryuta , Schweizer Ulrich 
Published: January 2013

Selenoproteins are proteins carrying the rare amino acid Sec (selenocysteine). Full expression of selenoproteins requires modification of tRNA[Ser]Sec, including N6-isopentenylation of base A37. We show that Trit1 is a dimethylallyl:tRNA[Ser]Sec transferase. Knockdown of Trit1 reduces expression of selenoproteins. Incubation of in vitro transcribed tRNA[Ser]Sec with recombinant Trit1 transfers [14C]dimethylallyl pyrophosphate to tRNA[Ser]Sec. 37A&gt;G tRNA[Ser]Sec is resistant to isopentenylation by Trit1.
Combination of glucosamine improved therapeutic effect of low‐dose cyclosporin A in patients with atopic dermatitis: A pilot study
Authors: KWON Hyok‐Bu , AHN Byung‐Jin , CHOI Yunseok , JIN Sang Y. , CHEONG Kyung A. , LEE Joongyub , LEE Ai‐Young 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBoth glucosamine and cyclosporin have been reported to show immunomodulatory effect with inhibition of each different key transcription factor for cytokine gene expression and T‐cell function. The overall purpose of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of the combination of cyclosporin with glucosamine for the treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis. Twelve patients more than 12 years old who required systemic cyclosporin were included in the study. Two of them dropped out due to violation of medication schedule. The single (S) and combination (C) regimens were crossed over every 2 weeks without a washout period between the cross‐over for 6 months. Five patients were randomly assigned to the S regimen first (SC sequence), whereas the other five were given the C first (CS sequence). The change of SCORAD index was analyzed as the primary efficacy end‐point by general linear model and piecewise linear mixed model. The SCORAD index was reduced with both SC and CS sequence regimens. In particular, index reduction with the C was more than that associated with S regimen; this difference increased as time lapsed. The glucosamine combination was predicted to cause an additive decrease in the mean percent change of the SCORAD index (~6%), with decreasing interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐5 cytokine levels but without increasing treatment‐related adverse events. This study suggests that the C would produce better clinical outcomes than the S regimen in patients with atopic dermatitis, although confirmatory clinical trials are warranted to determine the effect of combination.
Seismic characterization of naturally fractured reservoirs using amplitude versus offset and azimuth analysis
Authors: Far Mehdi E. , Sayers Colin M. , Thomsen Leon , Han De‐hua , Castagna John P. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTP‐wave seismic reflection data, with variable offset and azimuth, acquired over a fractured reservoir can theoretically be inverted for the effective compliance of the fractures. The total effective compliance of a fractured rock, which is described using second‐ and fourth‐rank fracture tensors, can be represented as background compliance plus additional compliance due to fractures. Assuming monoclinic or orthotropic symmetry (which take into account layering and multiple fracture sets), the components of the effective second‐ and fourth‐rank fracture compliance tensors can be used as attributes related to the characteristics of the fractured medium. Synthetic tests indicate that using a priori knowledge of the properties of the unfractured medium, the inversion can be effective on noisy data, with S/N on the order of 2. Monte Carlo simulation was used to test the effect of uncertainties in the a priori information about elastic properties of unfractured rock. Two cases were considered with Wide Azimuth (WAZ) and Narrow Azimuth (NAZ) reflection data and assuming that the fractures have rotationally invariant shear compliance. The relative errors in determination of the components of the fourth‐rank tensor are substantially larger compared to the second‐rank tensor, under the same assumptions.Elastic properties of background media, consisting in horizontal layers without fractures, do not cause azimuthal changes in the reflection coefficient variation with offset. Thus, due to the different nature of these properties compared to fracture tensor components (which cause azimuthal anomalies), simultaneous inversion for background isotropic properties and fracture tensor components requires additional constraints.Singular value decomposition (SVD) and resolution matrix analysis can be used to predict fracture inversion efficacy before acquiring data. Therefore, they can be used to determine the optimal seismic survey design for inversion of fracture parameters. However, results of synthetic inversion in some cases are not consistent with resolution matrix results and resolution matrix results are reliable only after one can see a consistent and robust behaviour in inversion of synthetics with different noise levels.
Determining the focal mechanisms and depths of relatively small earthquakes using a few stations by full‐waveform modelling
Authors: Busfar Hussam , Toksöz M. Nafi 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTDetermining the focal mechanism of earthquakes helps us to better define faults and understand the stress regime. This technique can be helpful in the oil and gas industry where it can be applied to microseismic events. The objective of this paper is to find double couple focal mechanisms, excluding scalar seismic moments, and the depths of small earthquakes using data from relatively few local stations. This objective is met by generating three‐component synthetic seismograms to match the observed normalized velocity seismograms. We first calculate Green's functions given an initial estimate of the earthquake's hypocentre, the locations of the seismic recording stations and a 1D velocity model of the region for a series of depths. Then, we calculate the moment tensor for different combinations of strikes, dips and rakes for each depth. These moment tensors are combined with the Green's functions and then convolved with a source time function to produce synthetic seismograms. We use a grid search to find the synthetic seismogram with the largest objective function that best fits all three components of the observed velocity seismogram. These parameters define the focal mechanism solution of an earthquake. We tested the method using three earthquakes in Southern California with moment magnitudes of 5.0, 5.1 and 4.4 using the frequency range 0.1–2.0 Hz. The source mechanisms of the events were determined independently using data from a multitude of stations. Our results obtained, from as few as three stations, generally match those obtained by the Southern California Earthquake Data Center. The main advantage of this method is that we use relatively high‐frequency full‐waveforms, including those from short‐period instruments, which makes it possible to find the focal mechanism and depth of earthquakes using as few as three stations when the velocity structure is known.
Analysing 2 × 2 contingency tables: Which test is best?
Authors: Ludbrook John 
Published: January 2013

Summary

A survey of five journals of physiology or pharmacology for 2011 showed that Fisher's exact test was used three times as frequently as Pearson's Chi‐squared test. I shall argue that neither test is appropriate for analysing 2 × 2 tables of frequency in biomedical research.

Pearson's test requires that random samples are taken from defined populations. The resultant 2 × 2 table is described as unconditional because neither the row nor column marginal totals are fixed in advance.

Fisher's test requires the rare condition that both row and column marginal totals are fixed in advance. The resultant 2 × 2 table is described as doubly conditioned.

However, the most common design of biomedical studies is that a sample of convenience is taken and divided randomly into two groups of predetermined size. The groups are then exposed to different sets of conditions. The binomial outcome is not fixed in advance, but depends on the result of the study. Thus, only the column (group) marginal totals are fixed in advance and the table is described as singly conditioned.

Singly conditioned 2 × 2 tables are best analysed by tests of null hypotheses on the odds ratio (OR = 1) or by tests on proportions (p), such as the relative risk (RR = p2/p1 = 1) or the difference between proportions (p2 – p1 = 0). One enormous advantage of these procedures is that they test specific hypotheses. They should be executed in an exact fashion by permutation.
The Audit We Had to Have: The Economic Record, 1960–2009
Authors: Millmow Alex , Tuck Jacqueline 
Published: January 2013

The Economic Record, one of the world's oldest economic journals, has a distinguished history. The flagship journal of the Economic Society of Australia and New Zealand was launched in 1925 and is approaching its 100th birthday. We undertake a forensic examination of the journal over the last 50 years, exploring issues like its content, most‐cited articles and most frequent contributors. This article discusses the journal's internationalisation but also identifies how Australia's top economists have, for the most part, faithfully persisted with it. The changing nature of academic publishing is explored through the patterns of collaboration, citations and dry holes.
Biogeographic characteristics of Far Eastern wasps: A case study with eumenine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)
Authors: Kim Jeong Kyu 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA total of 107 forms of 88 eumenine wasp species occurring in the Far East were used to produce a more comprehensive picture of the geographical pattern of wasps in the Far East. All forms occurring in the Far East were biogeographically classified into 22 types in four larger categories, and a summarized table and discussion are presented. The eumenine wasp fauna of the Far East was characterized as a mixture of a fair number of endemic elements, a moderate number of transpalearctic elements, and some Oriental elements. The endemism of the Far East reached 0.71 at the species/subspecies level when the calculation was based on true Palearctic elements occurring in Far Eastern Russia, the Korean peninsula and Japan proper. The relationship between the Far Eastern fauna and the Central/Western Palearctic faunas was also analyzed and discussed. The species occurring in each treated district was counted, and provides evidence for the importance of the Korean fauna in biodiversity evaluation/estimation of Far Eastern fauna. The similarity index between the Korean Peninsula and Japan proper, the Korean Peninsula and the Russian Far East, and the Russian Far East and Japan proper was calculated to explain possible factors for faunal formation in the Far East. The distributional pattern of each form treated in this study and its relatives is tabulated in Appendix I.