bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Company with Sovereignty and Subjects of Its Own? The Case of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1670–1763
Authors: Cavanagh Edward 
Published: March 2013

AbstractQuestions about the ways in which colonial subjects were acquired and maintained, and how it was that multiple and often contradictory sovereignties came to overlap in history, may not be purely academic. We raise them today because they spring from issues that remain unresolved, concerning rights to land, resources, and self-determination. Following recent scholarship on the English East India Company, the author redefines the Hudson's Bay Company, during the period before widespread settler colonialism, as a state (or “company-state”), and in this way argues that the HBC-state possessed its own kind of sovereignty. The article make three main arguments: that it was up to the HBC, not the Crown, to found Rupert's Land, defend its establishments, make alliances with locals, and challenge intruders; that HBC rule extended to cover not only the company's employees but, eventually, an indigenous “home guard” population; and that the HBC welfare regime transformed the relationship between ruler and ruled.
John R. Commons et Max Weber: les fondements d'une sociologie économique et pluraliste du droit
Authors: Coutu Michel , Kirat Thierry 
Published: March 2013

RésuméDans ce texte, Michel Coutu et Thierry Kirat insistent sur l'intérêt central porté par Jean-Guy Belley aux rapports entre droit et économie, dont témoigne entre autres son ouvrage capital sur la pratique contractuelle de la multinationale Alcan. Les auteurs déplorent, à cet égard, le peu d'attention porté généralement par la sociologie économique contemporaine, du moins jusqu'à une période récente, aux phénomènes juridiques. Ce désintérêt contraste avec la grande importance attachée par deux figures historiques de ce qu'est maintenant la «sociologie économique», soit Max Weber et John R. Commons, à l'étude minutieuse des rapports entre le droit et l'économie. En fait, pour Coutu et Kirat, un retour aux analyses fondatrices de Weber et Commons s'avère indispensable à une réinsertion de la dimension juridique dans les analyses socio-économiques. Les auteurs soulignent toutefois plusieurs divergences entre Commons et Weber qui ont trait à l'unité/hétérogénéité de l'économie et du droit, au rôle de l'éthique et à la recherche de «l'englobant» dans la construction des types idéaux, aux types de contraintes (psychique, économique, physique) caractéristiques du droit, enfin à la distinction entre le droit étatique et le droit extra-étatique. Ce dernier élément autorise Coutu et Kirat à concevoir, à l'instar de Jean-Guy Belley, la prise en considération de la pluralité juridique comme représentant un fil conducteur essentiel à l'étude sociologique de l'interaction entre le droit et l'économie.
Human Rights, Transsexed Bodies, and Health Care in Canada: What Counts as Legal Protection?
Authors: Mandlis Lane R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAntidiscrimination legislation is the vehicle most commonly used by communities to demand equality, but how should such law best be employed? In this article, the Ontario Human Rights Tribunal decision inHogan v. Ontario (Health and Long-term Care)is examined in relation to the removal of sex reassignment surgery from the Alberta Healthcare Insurance Plan in order to better understand the legal strategies designed to remedy different kinds of discrimination. This article argues that trans issues (involving people who identify as transgender, transsexual, or trans) ought not to be seen as additions to gay and lesbian issues legally or politically. Moreover, this article demonstrates that the fight for formal inclusion in legislation as a discrete or insular minority should be rejected by trans activists, as other legal strategies are better positioned to combat the processes of transphobia, thus potentially offering important steps towards substantive equality.
La théorie de la dissuasion remise en question par la rationalité du risque
Authors: Dubé Richard 
Published: March 2013

RésuméNous élaborons, dans cet article, une réflexion critique sur la portée générale que la théorie moderne de la dissuasion prête à la rationalité coûts/bénéfices dans sa conception du passage à l'acte en matière de droit criminel. Suivant les remarques de Niklas Luhmann et de Spencer Brown sur l'observation en tant qu'opération de distinction, nous exposons ce que voilent elles-mêmes les distinctions de la théorie de dissuasion, notamment en ce qui a trait à ces « autres rationalités »—autres que celle qui fut définie dans les termes d'un calcul coûts et bénéfices—pouvant, dans certaines conditions, orienter de façon significative le processus décisionnel du passage à l'acte. Au plan empirique, à partir d'extraits tirés d'entretiens qualitatifs que nous avons réalisés auprès d'individus ayant commis des crimes « graves », nous sommes en mesure d'appuyer cette hypothèse en mettant en évidence le mode opératoire d'une alternative, celle définie dans les termes de larationalité du risque. Notre analyse permet ainsi de remettre en question,pour le droit criminel, toute une série de postulats chers aux partisans de la dissuasion et de relancer à nouveaux frais,pour la science, un débat présentement stagnant autour des conditions d'efficacité ou d'opérationnalisation de la dissuasion pénale.
Remembering Inninimowin: The Language of the Human Beings
Authors: Koostachin Jules 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRemembering Inninimowin is a two-year-long documentary film project on the personal journey of a Cree woman, Jules Koostachin, a member of Attawapiskat First Nation, as she starts to remember her first language, Inninimowin (Cree).
The Judicialization of Assisted Reproductive Technology Policy in Canada: Decentralization, Medicalization, and Mandatory Regulation
Authors: Snow Dave 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article examines the effect of two recent constitutional decisions that have altered the course of assisted-reproduction policy in Canada:Reference re Assisted Human Reproduction Act(2010) andPratten v British Columbia(2011). Together, the cases link a socially liberal conception of morality in federalism cases with an interventionist view of the state in Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms cases. This could result in a trend toward judicially mandated provincial, as opposed to federal, government action. These cases also provide further evidence of the judicialization of politics in Canada, whereby controversial moral and public-policy issues are increasingly determined in the courtroom.
En amont du pénal: étude empirique sur les modes sociaux d'identification des troubles selon la perspective vindicatoire
Authors: Strimelle Véronique 
Published: March 2013

RésuméDans les sociétés occidentales, quand on évoque la question de la régulation des conflits ou plus largement des troubles, ce sont surtout les modes de régulation pénale qui sont considérés comme les plus aptes à gérer la plupart de ces situations et à assurer la cohésion de la vie collective. Or, plusieurs recherches ont souligné que le système juridico-pénal réglait en fait très peu de situations conflictuelles. Ce constat amène alors à s'interroger sur l'existence d'autres modes de définition et de régulation des troubles qui contribueraient à maintenir la cohésion sociale sans en appeler nécessairement à une intervention extérieure ou institutionnelle. La présente étude explore cette hypothèse en s'intéressant plus particulièrement au vécu des conflits dans le quotidien. En analysant comment les gens identifient une situation problématique, nous essayons de voir si ces modes sociaux d'identification des troubles continuent à subsister et à quelles conditions cette survie est encore possible.
Creating Space for Indigenous Storytelling in Courts
Authors: Manley-Casimir Kirsten 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article advocates for the inclusion of intercultural dispute-resolution principles in Canadian courts to resolve conflicts between Indigenous communities and the Canadian state. These principles include judges' opening themselves up to discomfort, emotion, and unsettling in listening to Indigenous testimonies; facilitating ongoing processes for negotiation; and engaging the moral imagination to make court procedures more culturally appropriate for Indigenous testimonies. The author argues that by implementing these principles, courts can contribute to the creation of more respectful relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people.
Terrorism Before the Letter: Benito Cereno and the 9/11 Commission Report
Authors: Traister Bryce 
Published: March 2013

Abstract: This essay argues that Herman Melville's 1855 novella, Benito Cereno, serves as a historical model for thinking through the construction of paranoid narrative in the 9/11 Commission Report. Melville's text invites a consideration of slavery's role in the preservation of status quo politics, and reveals the means by which the disclosure of secrecy becomes a condition for the legal fiction of slavery to persist. In purporting to reveal the hidden plot of contemporary anti-US terrorism, the US government's 9/11 Commission Report similarly manufactures an acceptable political fiction that compensates for a still deeper failure to promote democratic structures of feeling in response to national trauma.
The Maple Peril: From Presidential Policy to Pharmaceutical Importation, 1992–Present
Authors: Richert Lucas 
Published: March 2013

Abstract:In 2001, the safety of drugs purchased from other countries, especially Canada, became a major policy issue in the United States. A political and geographical line was drawn in the sand separating Canadian and American drugs. Canadian drugs were characterized as dangerous—“a maple peril.” This article explores the practice of cross-border drug reimportation and considers the Bush and Clinton administration's policies regarding the necessary balance between drug access, affordability, and safety. This paper suggests continuity rather than change typified these policies. It connects business, economic, and political history with public policy and it aims to furnish an interdisciplinary overview of the legislative and executive branches, as well pharmaceutical firms and consumers.
Rhetoric of Wounds: Trauma, Identity, and Interpersonal Relationships in Chuang Hua's Crossings
Authors: Nadon Natalie 
Published: March 2013

Abstract: Chuang Hua's Crossings is a novel that reflects the pressures on individuals and families as they struggle to make a life for themselves in exile, both literally and metaphorically. As the protagonist, Fourth Jane's own emotional and psychological wounds reflect those of her Chinese-American Family, as they attempt to find a sense of stability and cultural identity in spite of being displaced from China, their home, and their culture. Each in their own way, the characters of Crossings try to reconcile their prescribed roles within traditional Chinese culture, with their changing lives and surroundings in Europe and America. The medical imagery, as well as the images of blood and wounds in the text, reflect this need for stability and healing. The characters of Fourth Jane, Dyadya, and Ngmah frequently employ the comforting familiarity of medicine, traditions, and rituals to heal their inner wounds and find a sense of belonging.
Picture Books on Asian Transnational/-Racial Adoption
Authors: Chen Fu-jen 
Published: March 2013

Abstract:After an exploration on the function of picture books on Asian transnational/-racial adoption, this essay examines selected picture books that are divided into two groups: pre- and post-legal adoption narratives. I argue that in the course of demystifying the mono-ethnic or mono-cultural norm of kinship and family, a re-mystification simultaneously occurs in the narratives of both pre- and post-legal adoption picture books. Picture books may function to cultivate a healthy degree of psychological mobility and prepare adopted children to confront and later on even to assume a lack and a split they share with the Other.
“Living in your American skin”: Bruce Springsteen and the Possibility of Politics
Authors: Harde Roxanne 
Published: March 2013

Abstract:Springsteen's songs have a stake in our shared world. They also have the depth and the density of the best lyric poetry, and the narrative force and immediacy of the most enduring ballads. This essay reads Bruce Springsteen's lyrics as literature and as political narratives. Drawing on Rancière, Isin, and other political theorists, I examine Springsteen's politics and the ways of being political he has exemplified for more than thirty years.
Liberal Imperialism: Emerson and the Fate of Reading in America
Authors: Murphy Jonathan 
Published: March 2013

Abstract: This review article sets the revisionist readings of Daniel T. O'Hara in Visions of Global America and the Future of Critical Reading and Anthony Bogues in Empire of Liberty: Power, Desire, and Freedom alongside Neal Dolan's recuperative account of Emerson's Liberalism. The author argues that O'Hara and Bogues offer powerful criticisms of American hegemony and provide insightful analyses of the imperial rhetoric of liberty. Dolan's deeply informed study of the philosophical underpinnings of Emerson's Liberalism serves as an important corrective to the at times all-encompassing reach of New American scholarship, but his book benefits from being read in tandem with the political criticisms advanced by Bogues and O'Hara. All three critics are commendable for the courage and intelligence they bring to bear on the defining conflicts of our age, and for attempting to chart a way out of the current imperialist impasse.
Women Participation in National Development in Nigeria: The Imperative of Education
Authors: Asaju Kayode , Adagba Sunday Onah 
Published: March 2013

Women constitute an indispensable force in the quest for national development of any nation. In the developed nations, women have been able to play this important role. However, in Nigeria, women are still relegated to the background as they lack the educational, economic and political power necessary to actualize their innate potentials. The paper examines the important place of women education in the empowerment of women to enable them contribute their quota to national development. The study relied solely on secondary data and this was analysed using content analysis. The paper shows that women access to education is still low as the gender disparity in the enrolment of women into primary, secondary and tertiary educational institutions is widening over the years. These problems are further compounded by the high rate of girls’ dropout and failure among women that sat for ‘O’ Level examination. The implication is that many of them lacked the required minimum numbers of credits that qualify them to enrol or get admission into the tertiary institutions. The paper postulates that more pro-active actions need to be taken by the government and other stakeholders to ensure gender parity in education through special child girls education, scholarships and effective implementation of policies and programmes geared towards this.
Eradication of Cultism in Nigeria Tertiary Institutions through Active Participation in Sport
Authors: Iheanacho S. B. C. , E. Ikpeme E. , Saba Idris A. 
Published: March 2013

This paper focuses on sport as panacea for cultism in Nigerian tertiary institutions. The vices that stigmatized the tertiary institutions today are traceable to the uncontrolled behaviour of students. School authorities and concerned government over the years have applied measures to check the excesses of students in tertiary institutions without noticeable success. Sports stand to provide the needed solution to these linger problems of cultism in tertiary institutions. Sports is perceived as wholesome pursuits for students in tertiary institution which channel their thinking and disposition toward worthwhile goal. Sports provide students the opportunity to cultivate sportsmanship qualities, which is necessary for school discipline. The paper focused on the educational values of sports to include self discipline and control, obedience to and co-operation with constituted authorities among others. Similarly, sports provide students with safety value of letting off excessive energies, which ordinarily could have been mischievously channeled towards acts that are opposed to school discipline. The sports programme organization in schools were highlighted the components of a sound sports programmes in Nigerian te rtiary institutions from which students can benefit in building up desirable behaviour were also discussed. Finally, recommendations were made on how participation in sports by students can help solve the problems of cultism activities in tertiary institutions.
Exploring Small Area Demand for Grocery Retailers in Tourist Areas
Authors: Newing Andy , Clarke Graham , Clarke Martin 
Published: March 2013

This paper uses data from a major loyalty card scheme to draw insights about the characteristics of grocery expenditure by tourists. The authors explore the volume, value and composition of store-based visitor expenditure using consumer data from the loyalty card scheme. They focus on grocery spending at selected stores in Cornwall, a popular tourist destination in South West England. The loyalty card data provide a valuable source rarely available for academic investigations. The authors are able to analyse visitor spend by socio-economic and geodemographic characteristics, drawing a range of comparisons with residential demand from within the store catchment areas. They demonstrate that visitor grocery expenditure is complex and varies by store, destination and type of customer. The paper presents evidence to suggest that the current approaches used to estimate sales uplift and local-level economic impact from visitor demand are unable to account for the complexities of this form of expenditure. Based on these insights, the authors recommend that sophisticated modelling is employed to estimate the impact of visitor expenditure.
Enantioselective Aza‐Henry Reaction of Imines Bearing a Benzothiazole Moiety Catalyzed by a Cinchona‐Based Squaramide
Authors: He Hai‐Xiao , Yang Wen , Du Da‐Ming 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn efficient enantioselective aza‐Henry reaction of nitroalkanes to imines bearing a benzothiazole moiety catalyzed by a Cinchona‐based squaramide has been developed. In the reaction of imines, the corresponding products were obtained in good to excellent yields (up to 99%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee) for most of the aromatic substituted imines. The imines with electron‐withdrawing groups gave better yields than those bearing electron‐donating groups in the aza‐Henry reaction. Moreover, a one‐pot three‐component enantioselective aza‐Henry reaction using 2‐aminobenzothiazoles, aldehydes, and nitromethane was also developed. Moderate to good yields and high enantioselectivities were obtained in the one‐pot cases (up to 98% ee).
The Evolution of an Amine Dehydrogenase Biocatalyst for the Asymmetric Production of Chiral Amines
Authors: Abrahamson Michael J. , Wong John W. , Bommarius Andreas S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe reductive amination of ketones to produce chiral amines is an important transformation in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates. Therefore, industrially applicable enzymatic methods that enable the selective synthesis of chiral amines could be very useful. Using a phenylalanine dehydrogenase scaffold devoid of amine dehydrogenase activity, a robust amine dehydrogenase has been evolved with a single two‐site library allowing for the direct production of (R)‐1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐propyl‐2‐amine from para‐fluorophenylacetone with a kcat value of 6.85 s−1 and a KM value of 7.75 mM for the ketone substrate. This is the first example of a highly active amine dehydrogenase capable of accepting aliphatic and benzylic ketone substrates. The stereoselectivity of the evolved amine dehydrogenase was very high (>99.8% ee) showing that high selectivity of the wild‐type phenylalanine dehydrogenase was conserved in the evolution process. When paired with glucose/glucose dehydrogenase, NADH cofactor can be effficiently regenerated and the reaction driven to over 93% conversion. The broad specificity, high selectivity, and near complete conversion render this amine dehydrogenase an attractive target for further evolution toward pharmaceutical compounds and subsequent application.
Intestinal Ganglioneuromatosis: Unusual Presentation of Cowden Syndrome Resulting in Delayed Diagnosis
Authors: Vinitsky Anna , Zaleski Christina A. , Sajjad Sayed M. , McPherson Elizabeth W. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe report on a 25‐year‐old woman who presented as a teenager with macrocephaly and multiple gastrointestinal lesions including ganglioneuromas, hamartomas, lipomas, juvenile, and hyperplastic polyps in association with extra‐intestinal tumors including a retroperitoneal lipoma, storiform collagenoma, and a fibrolipomatous hamartoma. PTEN mutation analysis identified a deletion in exon 2, confirming the diagnosis of Cowden syndrome. While intestinal polyps are common among Cowden patients who undergo endoscopy, and intestinal ganglioneuromas are occasionally reported, they are not usual presenting manifestations. Intestinal ganglioneuromatosis is divided into three subgroups: (1) polypoid ganglioneuromatosis (usually few isolated ganglioneuromas), (2) generalized ganglioneuromatosis (usually associated with NF1 or MEN), and (3) ganglioneuromatous polyposis without known systemic disease, although there are several reported patients with multiple lipomas. This individual with Cowden syndrome closely resembles the latter group, thus we suggest that patients with ganglioneuromatous polyposis, especially in association with lipomas, should be evaluated for possible Cowden syndrome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved mechanical performances of triple super phosphate treated jute‐fabric reinforced polypropylene composites irradiated by gamma rays
Authors: Mina M. Forhad , Shohrawardy M. H. Shahid , Khan Mubarak A. , Alam A. K. M. Moshiul , Beg M. Dalour Hossen 
Published: March 2013

AbstractUntreated jute‐fabric (JF) and triple‐super‐phosphate treated JF were incorporated in isotactic polypropylene (PP) to prepare sandwich composites. Untreated JF reinforced PP (UC) and treated JF reinforced PP composites (TC) were prepared using the compression molding technique at 180°C under a load of 5 tons. Both, TC and UC were irradiated by γ‐rays at various doses to produce γTC and γUC. The highest tensile‐strength (TS), flexural‐strength (FS) and Young's modulus (E) were observed for the composite loaded with 55 wt % JF and irradiated at a dose of 5.0 kGy and. The maximum increases in TS, FS, and E of γTC from UC are 17, 18, and 69%, whilst those of TC from UC are 12, 13, and 12%, respectively. Thermal degradation temperature of γTC and TC is found to increase significantly from that of UC, suggesting an improved thermal stability of the treated composites. All these findings are explained on the basis of fiber‐matrix interactions developed by the formation of physical and chemical bonds among JF and PP, as demonstrated by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013