bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation on Binary Phase Diagram of the Thermotropic Phase Transitions Compounds (n‐CnH2n+1R3)2ZnCl4
Authors: Wu Kezhong , Sun Xiaolong , Duan Zhongyuan , Ma Jing , Chen Lei , Ruan Bei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe thermotropic phase transitions compounds (n‐CnH2n+1R3)2ZnCl4 as well as a series of their binary mixtures were prepared by a solution reflux method from their ethanol solutions. The experimental subsolidus binary phase diagram of [n‐C18H37N(CH3)3]2ZnCl4‐[n‐(C18H37)2N(CH3)2]2ZnCl4 is constructed over the entire composition range by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and X‐ray. Experi‐ mental results indicate one stable intermediate phase [n‐C18H37N(CH3)3] [n‐(C18H37)2N(CH3)2]ZnCl4 at WC18C3Zn %=59.75 %, and two invariant three phase equilibria, which shows two eutectoid temperatures: Te1 at 310±1 K for eutectoid point WC18C3Zn %=36.24 %, Te2 at 313±1 K for eutectoid point WC18C3Zn %=80.17 %. These three noticeable solid‐solution ranges are α‐phase at the left, ⇓‐phase at the right, and ψ‐phase in the middle of the phase diagram. It is (n‐CnH2n+1R3)2ZnCl4 systems as phase change materials that are characterized the phase transition temperatures T in the range of 310 to 340 K, the transition enthalpies ΔH in the range of 38.40 and 168.72 J/g between two polymorphic forms.
Relative Stability of Multiple Bonds between Germanium and Stibium. A Theoretical Study
Authors: Huang Cheng‐Chieh , Wen Xiang‐Ting , Li Yu‐Chi , Su Ming‐Der 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSubstituent effects on the potential energy surface of XGeSb (X=H, Li, Na, BeH, MgH, BH2, AlH2, CH3, SiH3, NH2, PH2, OH, SH, F, and Cl) were investigated by using B3LYP/Def2‐TZVP, B3PW91/Def2‐ TZVPP CCSD (T)//B3LYP/Def2‐TZVP methods. The isomers include structures with formal double (Ge=SbX) and triple (Xge=Sb) bonds to germanium‐stibium, so a direct comparison of these types of species is possible. Our model calculations indicate that electropositively substituted Ge=SbX species are thermodynamically and kinetically more stable than their isomeric Xge=Sb molecules. Moreover, the theoretical findings suggest that only the organic substitutions (such as CH3) can make triply bonded Xge=Sb molecule more stable than the doubly bonded Ge=SbX species.
The association between an ultrabrief cognitive screening in older adults and hospital outcomes
Authors: Yevchak Andrea M. , Doherty Kelly , Archambault Elizabeth G. , Kelly Brittany , Fonda Jennifer R. , Rudolph James L. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDThough often recommended, hospital cognitive assessment is infrequently completed due to clinical and time constraints.OBJECTIVEThis analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between performance on ultrabrief cognitive screening instruments and hospital outcomes.DESIGNThis is a secondary data analysis of a quality improvement project.SETTINGTertiary Veterans Administration hospital in New England.PATIENTSPatients, ≥ 60 years old, admitted to the hospital.INTERVENTIONNone.MEASUREMENTSUpon admission, patients were administered 2 cognitive screening tools. The modified Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (mRASS) is a measure of arousal that can be completed in 15 seconds. The months of the year backward (MOYB) is a measure of attention that can be administered in ≤1 minute. In‐hospital outcomes included restraints and mortality, whereas discharge outcomes included length of stay, discharge not home, and variable direct costs. Risk ratios were calculated for dichotomous outcomes and unadjusted Poisson regression for continuous outcomes.RESULTSPatients (n = 3232) were screened. Altered arousal occurred in 15% of patients (n = 495); incorrect MOYB was recorded in 45% (n = 1457). Relative to those with normal arousal and attention, those with abnormal mRASS and incorrect MOYB had increased length of stay (incident rate ratio [IRR]: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17–1.30); restraint use (risk ratio [RR]: 5.05, 95% CI: 3.29–7.75), in‐hospital mortality (RR: 3.46, 95% CI: 1.24–9.63), and decreased discharge home (RR: 2.97, 95% CI: 2.42–3.64). Hospital variable direct costs were slightly, but not significantly, higher (IRR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.88–1.17).CONCLUSIONImpaired performance on ultrabrief cognitive assessments of arousal and attention provide valuable insights regarding hospital outcomes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:651–657. 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Measuring patient experiences on hospitalist and teaching services: Patient responses to a 30‐day postdischarge questionnaire
Authors: Wray Charlie M. , Flores Andrea , Padula William V. , Prochaska Micah T. , Meltzer David O. , Arora Vineet M. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDData comparing patient experiences between general medicine teaching and nonteaching hospitalist services are lacking.OBJECTIVEEvaluate hospitalized patients' experience on general medicine teaching and nonteaching hospitalist services by assessing patients' confidence in their ability to identify their physician(s), understand their roles, and their rating of the coordination and overall care.METHODSRetrospective cohort analysis of general medicine teaching and nonteaching hospitalist services from 2007 to 2013 at an academic medical center. Patients were surveyed 30‐days after hospital discharge regarding their confidence in their ability to identify their physician(s), understand the role of their physician(s), and their perceptions of coordination and overall care. A 3‐level, mixed effects logistic regression was performed to ascertain the association between service type and patient‐reported outcomes.RESULTSData from 4591 general medicine teaching and 1811 nonteaching hospitalist service patients demonstrated that those cared for by the hospitalist service were more likely to report being able to identify their physician (50% vs 45%, P < 0.001), understand their role (54% vs 50%, P < 0.001), and rate greater satisfaction with coordination (68 vs 64%, P = 0.006) and overall care (73% vs 67%, P < 0.001). In regression models, the hospitalist service was associated with higher ratings in overall care (odds ratio [OR]: 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15‐1.47), even when hospitalists were the attendings on general medicine teaching services (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.31).CONCLUSIONPatients on a nonteaching hospitalist service rated their overall care slightly better than patients on a general medicine teaching service. Team structure and complexity may play a role in this difference. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:99–104. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of contrast‐enhanced MRI and diffusion‐weighted MRI in the differentiation between uterine leiomyosarcoma / smooth muscle tumor with uncertain malignant potential and benign leiomyoma
Authors: Lin Gigin , Yang Lan‐Yan , Huang Yu‐Ting , Ng Koon‐Kwan , Ng Shu‐Hang , Ueng Shir‐Hwa , Chao Angel , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Chang Ting‐Chang , Lai Chyong‐Huey 
Published: September 2015

PurposeTo compare the diagnostic accuracy of contrast‐enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI) in the differentiation between uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) / smooth muscle tumor with uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) and benign leiomyoma.Materials and MethodsA consecutive cohort of 8 LMS/STUMP and 25 benign leiomyomas underwent pelvic MRI exam at 3T. Two radiologists independently evaluated images based on CE‐MRI (central nonenhancement at equilibrial phase) and DWI (hyperintensity on b = 1000 s/mm2 and hypointensity on apparent diffusion coefficients [ADC] map). The ADC values were calculated from b = 0 and 1000 s/mm2.ResultsCE‐MRI yielded a significantly superior diagnostic accuracy (0.94 vs. 0.52) and a significantly higher specificity (0.96 vs. 0.36) than DWI (P < 0.05 for both), and remained a comparably high sensitivity as DWI (0.88 vs. 1.00). A combination of DWI and ADC value <1.08 × 10−3 mm2/s (determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis) improved diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of DWI to 0.88, 0.88, and 0.88, respectively, by post‐hoc analysis based on the same study cohort.ConclusionFor prospective differentiation between uterine LMS/STUMP and benign leiomyoma, CE‐MRI can provide accurate information and is preferable to DWI. Combination of DWI and ADC values can achieve a comparable diagnostic accuracy to CE‐MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:333–342.
A Systematic Review of Dropout From Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Iraq and Afghanistan Combat Veterans
Authors: Goetter Elizabeth M. , Bui Eric , Ojserkis Rebecca A. , Zakarian Rebecca J. , Brendel Rebecca Weintraub , Simon Naomi M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA significant number of veterans of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet underutilization of mental health treatment remains a significant problem. The purpose of this review was to summarize rates of dropout from outpatient, psychosocial PTSD interventions provided to U.S. Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), and Operation New Dawn (OND) veterans with combat‐related PTSD. There were 788 articles that were identified which yielded 20 studies involving 1,191 individuals eligible for the review. The dropout rates in individual studies ranged from 5.0% to 78.2%, and the overall pooled dropout rate was 36%, 95% CI [26.20, 43.90]. The dropout rate differed marginally by study type (routine clinical care settings had higher dropout rates than clinical trials) and treatment format (group treatment had higher dropout rates than individual treatment), but not by whether comorbid substance dependence was excluded, by treatment modality (telemedicine vs. in‐person treatment), or treatment type (exposure therapy vs. nonexposure therapy). Dropout is a critical aspect of the problem of underutilization of care among OEF/OIF/OND veterans with combat‐related PTSD. Innovative strategies to enhance treatment retention are needed.
A novel optical sensor designed to measure methane bubble sizes in situ
Authors: Delwiche Kyle , Senft‐Grupp Schuyler , Hemond Harold 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis work presents a novel design for an optical bubble size sensor that is rugged, economical to build, and capable of accurately measuring methane bubble sizes in aquatic environments over long deployment periods. The sensor intercepts rising gas bubbles, elongates them in a thin glass tube, and routes elongated bubbles past an optical detector. The optical detector records information on bubble rise velocity and travel time, which can be combined with the flow path geometry to calculate bubble volume at flow rates up to 3 bubbles/second. The sensor circuitry is powered by 6‐V C alkaline battery packs and is cased in a waterproof housing built from commercially available PVC pipe fittings. Laboratory testing indicates the sensor can accurately measure bubble volumes up to 1 mL in volume. We deployed the sensor in a lake with a history of methane ebullition and gathered data on bubble size distributions (most bubbles were between 0.025 mL and 0.2 mL) as well as the precise timing of bubbling events. The sensor also includes an optional gas collection system to allow for bulk gas sampling.
Surfactant‐Free Emulsion‐Based Preparation of Redox‐Responsive Nanogels
Authors: Cheng Weiren , Wang Guan , Kumar Jatin Nitin , Liu Ye 
Published: September 2015

A surfactant‐free emulsion‐based approach is developed for preparation of nanogels. A water‐in‐oil emulsion is generated feasibly from a mixture of water and a solution of disulfide‐containing hyperbranched PEGylated poly(amido amine)s, poly(BAC2‐AMPD1)‐PEG, in chloroform. The water droplets in the emulsion are stabilized and filled with poly(BAC2‐AMPD1)‐PEG, and the crosslinked poly(amido amine)s nanogels are formed via the intermolecular disulfide exchange reaction. FITC‐dextran is loaded within the nanogels by dissolving the compound in water before emulsification. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering are applied to characterize the emulsion and the nanogels. The effects of the homogenization rate and the ratio of water/polymer are investigated. Redox‐induced degradation and FITC‐dextran release profile of the nanogels are monitored, and the results show efficient loading and redox‐responsive release of FITC‐dextran. This is a promising approach for the preparation of nanogels for drug delivery, especially for neutral charged carbohydrate‐based drugs.
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Fitting the two‐compartment model in DCE‐MRI by linear inversion
Authors: Flouri Dimitra , Lesnic Daniel , Sourbron Steven P. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeModel fitting of dynamic contrast‐enhanced‐magnetic resonance imaging‐MRI data with nonlinear least squares (NLLS) methods is slow and may be biased by the choice of initial values. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a linear least squares (LLS) method to fit the two‐compartment exchange and ‐filtration models.MethodsA second‐order linear differential equation for the measured concentrations was derived where model parameters act as coefficients. Simulations of normal and pathological data were performed to determine calculation time, accuracy and precision under different noise levels and temporal resolutions. Performance of the LLS was evaluated by comparison against the NLLS.ResultsThe LLS method is about 200 times faster, which reduces the calculation times for a 256 × 256 MR slice from 9 min to 3 s. For ideal data with low noise and high temporal resolution the LLS and NLLS were equally accurate and precise. The LLS was more accurate and precise than the NLLS at low temporal resolution, but less accurate at high noise levels.ConclusionThe data show that the LLS leads to a significant reduction in calculation times, and more reliable results at low noise levels. At higher noise levels the LLS becomes exceedingly inaccurate compared to the NLLS, but this may be improved using a suitable weighting strategy. Magn Reson Med 76:998–1006, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oncologic Phenotype of Peripheral Neuroblastic Tumors Associated With PHOX2B Non‐Polyalanine Repeat Expansion Mutations
Authors: Heide Solveig , Masliah‐Planchon Julien , Isidor Bertrand , Guimier Anne , Bodet Damien , Coze Carole , Deville Anne , Thebault Estelle , Pasquier Corinne Jeanne , Cassagnau Elisabeth , Pierron Gaelle , Clément Nathalie , Schleiermacher Gudrun , Amiel Jeanne , Delattre Olivier , Peuchmaur Michel , Bourdeaut Franck 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundGermline non‐polyalanine repeat expansion mutations in PHOX2B (PHOX2B NPARM) predispose to peripheral neuroblastic tumors (PNT), frequently in association with other neurocristopathies: Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) or congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS). Although PHOX2B polyalanine repeat expansions predispose to a low incidence of benign PNTs, the oncologic phenotype associated with PHOX2B NPARM is still not known in detail.MethodsWe analyzed prognostic factors, treatment toxicity, and outcome of patients with PNT and PHOX2B NPARM.ResultsThirteen patients were identified, six of whom also had CCHS and/or HSCR, one also had late‐onset hypoventilation with hypothalamic dysfunction (LO‐CHS/HD), and six had no other neurocristopathy. Four tumours were “poorly differentiated,” and nine were differentiated, including five ganglioneuromas, three ganglioneuroblastomas, and one differentiating neuroblastoma, hence illustrating that PHOX2B NPARM are predominantly associated with differentiating tumors. Nevertheless, three patients had stage 4 and one patient had stage 3 disease. Segmental chromosomal alterations, correlating with poor prognosis, were found in all the six tumors analyzed by array‐comparative genomic hybridization. One patient died of tumor progression, one is on palliative care, one died of hypoventilation, and 10 patients are still alive, with median follow‐up of 5 years.ConclusionsBased on histological phenotype, our series suggests that heterozygous PHOX2B NPARM do not fully preclude ganglion cell differentiation in tumors. However, this tumor predisposition syndrome may also be associated with poorly differentiated tumors with unfavorable genomic profiles and clinically aggressive behaviors. The intrafamilial variability and the unpredictable tumor prognosis should be considered in genetic counseling. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 9999:XX–XX © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Depression and hopelessness in patients with acute leukemia: the psychological impact of an acute and life‐threatening disorder
Authors: Gheihman Galina , Zimmermann Camilla , Deckert Amy , Fitzgerald Peter , Mischitelle Ashley , Rydall Anne , Schimmer Aaron , Gagliese Lucia , Lo Chris , Rodin Gary 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveAcute leukemia (AL) is a life‐threatening cancer associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly in older adults. Given that there has been little research on the psychological impact of such malignancies with acute onset, we assessed the prevalence and correlates of depression and hopelessness in patients with AL.MethodsThree hundred forty‐one participants were recruited within 1 month of diagnosis or relapse and completed the Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, and other psychosocial measures. Multivariate regression analyses identified correlates of depression and hopelessness.Results17.8% reported clinically significant depressive symptoms (BDI‐II ≥ 15), 40.4% of which were in the moderate‐severe range (BDI‐II ≥ 20). 8.5% reported significant symptoms of hopelessness (BHS ≥ 8). Depression was associated with greater physical symptom burden (adjustedR2 = 48.4%), while hopelessness was associated with older age and lower self‐esteem (adjustedR2 = 45.4%). Both were associated with poorer spiritual well‐being.ConclusionsClinically significant depressive symptoms were common early in the course of AL and related to physical symptom burden. Hopelessness was less common and associated with older age and lower self‐esteem. The results suggest that whereas depression in AL may be related to disease burden, the preservation of hope may be linked to individual resilience, life stage, and realistic prognosis.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear output regulation for invertible nonlinear MIMO systems
Authors: Wang Lei , Isidori Alberto , Su Hongye , Marconi Lorenzo 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we address the problem of output regulation for a broad class of multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) nonlinear systems. Specifically, we consider input–affine systems, which are invertible and input–output linearizable. This class includes, as a trivial special case, the class of MIMO systems which possess a well‐defined vector relative degree. It is shown that if a system in this class is strongly minimum phase, in a sense specified in the paper, the problem of output regulation can be solved via partial‐state feedback or via (dynamic) output feedback. The result substantially broadens the class of nonlinear MIMO systems for which the problem in question is known to be possible. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional reconstructions of solid surfaces using conventional microscopes
Authors: Ficker Tomáš , Martišek Dalibor 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe three‐dimensional digital replicas of solid surfaces are subject of interest of different branches of science and technology. The present paper in its introductory parts brings an overview of the various microscopic reconstructive techniques based on optical sectioning. The main attention is devoted to conventional reconstruction methods and especially to that one employing the Fourier transform. The three‐dimensional replicas of this special reconstructive frequency method are compared graphically and numerically with the three‐dimensional replicas of the confocal method. Based on the comparative study it has been concluded that the quality of the conventional replicas of surfaces possessing textures of intermediate height irregularities is acceptable and almost comparable with the quality of confocal replicas. This study is relevant both for identifying a convenient technique that provides good qualities of three‐dimensional replicas and for selecting the hardware whose price is affordable even for small research groups studying rougher surface textures. SCANNING 38:21–35, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proteolytic Isoforms of SPARC Induce Adipose Stromal Cell Mobilization in Obesity
Authors: Tseng Chieh , Kolonin Mikhail G. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Adipose stromal cells (ASC) are mesenchymal adipocyte progenitors that reside in the peri-endothelium of fat tissue. ASC mobilization and migration accompany white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling and pathological conditions. Mechanisms regulating ASC trafficking are largely unknown. We previously reported that binding of the matricellular protein secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) to β1 integrin on ASC surface induces their motility. Here, we show that SPARC is required for ASC mobilization. We report two SPARC proteolytic isoforms, C-SPARC (lacking the N terminus) and N-SPARC (lacking the C terminus), generated in mesenteric WAT of obese mice. C-SPARC, but not N-SPARC, binds to β1 integrin on ASC, while N-SPARC preferentially binds to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and blocks ECM/integrin interaction. Interestingly, both C-SPARC and N-SPARC induce ASC deadhesion from the ECM, which is associated with modulation of integrin-dependent FAK-ERK signaling and integrin-independent ILK-Akt signaling. We show that these SPARC isoforms, acting on ASC through distinct mechanisms, have an additive effect in inducing ASC migration.
Group 11 Metal Complexes with Electron‐poor, 4,5‐Disubstituted Diimidazol‐2‐ylidene Ligands
Authors: Canteri Sara , Baron Marco , Tubaro Cristina , Biffis Andrea , Graiff Claudia 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNovel dinuclear silver(I) and gold(I) complexes with 4,5‐disubstituted diimidazol‐2,2′‐diylidene ligands featuring a methylene or 1,3‐propylene bridge between the two N‐heterocyclic carbene moieties were prepared and characterized. The substituents in the backbone of the heterocyclic ring are electron‐withdrawing groups (chlorine atoms or cyanide groups) and their effect on the spectroscopic and structural properties of the resulting complexes was analyzed and discussed.
Taguchi Method and Grey Relational Analysis to Improve in Situ Production of FAME from Sunflower and Jatropha curcas Kernels with Subcritical Solvent Mixture
Authors: Sutanto Sylviana , Go Alchris Woo , Ismadji Suryadi , Ju Yi‐Hsu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the possibility of employing in situ (trans)esterification (ISTE) under the subcritical condition (200–250 °C) of the solvent mixture (methanol + acetic acid) with a high solid loading and a low solvent to solid ratio (SSR). The Taguchi method together with grey relational analysis was used to improve both FAME yield and productivity. It was found that temperature reaction time and SSR were factors which contributed the most in obtaining high FAME yields. In addition to the above‐mentioned factors the addition of acetic acid also significantly improved the productivity. Employing the following conditions: 250 °C; 8.8 MPa; 3–7 mL/g SSR; 10 % acetic acid was found to provide an improved FAME yield and productivity. A confirmatory test resulted in a FAME yield of 87.5–92.7 % for sunflower kernels and 88.2–97.22 % for Jatropha curcas L. kernels and productivity up to 37.5 kg/m3/h can be obtained with good repeatability. Furthermore, the process developed in this study can tolerate moisture and a free fatty acid content of up to 25 %. The direct application of the method using whole kernels was also investigated.