bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wear behaviour of Ti6Al4V alloy blasted with zirconia/hydroxyapatite powders
Authors: Hazar Yoruç A.B. , Elkoca O. , Ekşioğlu Yıldız Harika , Koyun Ahmet 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of blasting treatment with zirconia/hydroxyapatite powders on the surface roughness, in vitro bioactivity and wear behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy (Grade V).

Design/methodology/approach
– Ti6Al4V specimens were sandblasted with ZrO2 and HA [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] powders in a commercial blasting cabinet. Surface analysis was performed evaluating eroded surfaces by scanning electron microscopy. Roughness surface analysis of the samples was performed with a surface roughness tester and in vitro bioactivity of titanium surfaces was examined in the simulated body fluid (SBF) solution before and after blasting. Wear resistance is evaluated by the weight loss during the test.

Findings
– The highest value of surface roughness is obtained with a mixture of 25 percent ZrO2+75 percent HA (Z25). Z25 exhibited also lower weight loss than Ti6Al4V and other treated samples. These results indicate that surface treatment with 25 percent ZrO2+75 percent HA provides the highest amount of HA adhesion on the surface of Ti6Al4V implant. Finally, the sample surfaces were contacted with SBF solutions for seven days, and Ca/P accumulation was identified on the blasted surfaces. ZrO2/HA blasting method can be used to improve the wear characteristics and the biocompatibility of the implant materials.

Originality/value
– The paper provides information about the effect of ZrO2/HA blasting treatment on the surface properties, in vitro bioactivity and wear behavior of Ti6Al4V implant materials.
Shareholding in EU: is “indirect holding” approach appropriate in achieving financial integration?
Authors: P. Kouretas Georgios , Tarnanidou Christina 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to focus on the specific “shareholder's” concept of transparency.Design/methodology/approach– It considers that indirect securities holding systems limit the degree of “post-trading” transparency. The main concern is that an adverse effect of globalized capital markets is that the actual shareholders are not registered in the official registries and registrations are effected in the name of intermediaries acting on their behalf. It further considers that new EU legislative action should be taken to address the legal issues of securities holdings as a key parameter for EU integration.Findings– A new architecture of the securities holding system is proposed in this paper to be adopted at the EU level on the basis of the analyzed direct registration, i.e. registration of all the actual shareholders in the registries. It is considered that this architecture will promote securities holdings transparency for all systems, either direct or indirect, and hence enhance investors' protection and financial confidence in the markets. Focusing on the financial crisis of the recent years, it is worthy of note that a key parameter in solving this crisis problem could be considered not only the imposition of more possible regulatory requirements on all financial players but also the improvement credibility of the markets by making their operation more transparent. Direct registration could be defined as a method of making the markets more transparent in this regard.Originality/value– In the light of the financial crisis of 2007-2009, this is one of the first studies, which clearly argues that direct registration could be considered the appropriate method of making the financial markets more transparent. Therefore, it calls for the EU legal intervention should therefore be accelerated. By delaying improvement in the efficiency of the available infrastructures mainly by utilizing all the advantages that technology offers, the markets accept the additional cost of higher risk coverage.
Game theory and sovereign wealth funds
Authors: McVea Harry , Charalambu Nicholas 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this article is to assess strategies available to recipient states for managing the putative risks posed by sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) in the context of global, liberalized, and capital markets.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper employs a game theory analysis in assessing these risks. Four basic scenarios are outlined whereby recipient states may interact with SWFs: “unselfish recipient state – unselfish SWF” (Option 1); “unselfish recipient state – Selfish SWF” (Option 2); “Selfish Recipient State – unselfish SWF” (Option 3); and “Selfish Recipient State – Selfish SWF” (Option 4).

Findings
– In the light of this analysis, and the balance of risks which the authors perceive recipient states are exposed to in practice, the authors claim that recipient states ought, rationally, to adopt a selfish regulatory strategy irrespective of the strategy which SWFs adopt in practice.

Originality/value
– This claim does not deny the importance of voluntary international measures – such as the “Santiago principles” – in the way SWFs are regulated. Rather, it seeks to show that according to a game theory analysis, and an attempted application of that analysis in practice, undue reliance by recipient states on international “soft law” regulatory initiatives to regulate SWF activity (which constitutes the current international consensus) is strategically unwise.
Trustees and pension schemes in Ireland
Authors: Stewart Jim , McNally Bridget 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– This article aims to highlight the gap between the legal responsibilities and the practice of pension fund trustees in Ireland.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper relies on primary and secondary data analysis of trustee practice and enforcement cases to highlight the gap between law and practice.

Findings
– The article finds that there is an inconsistency between legal requirement and practice in the calibre of trustee and trustee training across Irish occupational pension schemes. This has adverse consequences for pension governance and performance.

Practical implications
– The findings raise the question as to whether there should be mandatory qualifications for trustees or mandatory standardised trustee training in a prescribed format, with which trustees should comply. It also questions whether there should be a governance code for trustees to ensure a minimum standard or target level of competence and good governance on the part of pension scheme trustees.

Originality/value
– There is a distinct lack of emphasis in the literature and in practice on the inconsistency between the extent of the responsibilities which trustees ultimately carry, and the legal exposure this potentially creates for trustees who unduly rely on other trustees or third parties in the trustee decision making process.
The positive side of call centers: an Indian perspective
Authors: Mukherjee Tuheena , Maheshwari Saurabh 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– Jobs at call centers have received numerous negative undertones. Research has only highlighted the negative impact and dismal psychological consequences of call center jobs on their employees. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibilities of positive impact of call center jobs on their employees. The study hypothesizes that the employees working at the call centers with high self-worth (i.e. self-esteem) and high job worth (perceived worth of job (PWJ)) would perceive lesser work stress and have greater job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach– The study is based on data collected from 152 call-center employees through self-reporting questionnaire. Regression and mediation analysis was done to analyze the results.Findings– Analysis revealed that those with high self-esteem and high PWJ experience less stress and higher job satisfaction. Stress partially mediates between PWJ and job satisfaction and between self-esteem and job satisfaction. Results confirm that call center jobs do not always create negative impact on the employees and have a positive side too. It is a significant finding for the call center industry which is presently facing high attrition.Originality/value– The value of the present study lies in analyzing the importance of PWJ, which is a subjective perception. It is an imperative factor in generating positive or negative effect on the psychological well-being of the employee.
Transformational leadership and psychological empowerment
Authors: Jha Sumi 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to understand various antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Transformational leadership and psychological empowerment were two independent variables chosen for the study.Design/methodology/approach– Standard questionnaires were used to collect data. The sample of 319 employees of different five-star hotels formed the source of data. Frontline employees having two to three subordinates and were from hotels which were in operation at least since last two years, took part in the study.Findings– The effect of transformational leadership on OCB has been found to be significant and positive. The moderating effect of psychological empowerment on OCB was also found significant.Research limitations/implications– The theoretical development from this paper will contribute toward understanding the antecedents of OCB. The moderating effect of psychological empowerment will reinforce the importance of psychological empowerment.Practical implications– It can develop practices to enhance the feeling of psychological empowerment through several training program. Leaders at the top positions shall emphasize on OCB by bringing cultural change.Originality/value– This paper probes the OCB's antecedents. It also studied the moderating effect of psychological empowerment on the relationship of transformational leadership and OCB.
Voluntourism product development and wildlife conservation for Thailand
Authors: Sujarittanonta Lavanchawee 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– The aim of this paper is to explore how an international business model was successfully developed to protect the environment, specifically, how the Wild Animal Rescue Foundation (WARF) of Thailand designed its unique eco-voluntourism products.Design/methodology/approach– Primary qualitative data were collected through ethnographic research, involving researcher participation and interviews, with the founder and the management team. Secondary data were also gathered through undergraduate and graduate students' experience with WARF, a television news reporter, and social media data from WARF's eco-voluntourists.Findings– It was found that the business model of WARF evolved through trial-and-error, whereby voluntourism projects were created in collaboration with stakeholders from both public and private sectors. The success of voluntourism lies in ensuring that the experience was rewarding for all stakeholders.Practical implications– WARF's voluntourism business model has high market potential to be developed cross-continents. The findings are optimistic and encouraging for managers and policy makers, particularly for countries that are endowed with natural resources. Eco-tourism and non-service green businesses also found good ideas from WARF to apply to their operations.Originality/value– It is extremely challenging to offer a tourism product that could add more value to eco-volunteers who already have high levels of knowledge in ecology. The WARF case demonstrates how extensive stakeholder collaboration makes it possible to create and manage experiences that would be perceived as a rare opportunity for educational eco-tourism.
Responsible tourism in Cyprus: the rhetoric and the reality
Authors: Farmaki Anna , Constanti Panayiotis , Yiasemi Irene , Karis Phidias 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to provide an overview of the approaches that industry stakeholders follow towards responsible tourism in Cyprus and to address the challenges that responsible tourism management faces in a mass tourism destination.Design/methodology/approach– In doing so, the paper discusses the concept of responsible tourism and its application in the hospitality and tourism industry. A qualitative research approach was followed whereby roundtable discussions between industry leaders and hospitality educators were initiated in order to identify key challenges. In addition, secondary research was performed with relevant data presented in the paper being previously collected by the CSTI (Cyprus Sustainable Tourism Initiative).Findings– Findings reveal that responsible tourism adoption in Cyprus is minimal. Several challenges have been identified as barriers to adoption and successful implementation including poor understanding of the concept, lack of awareness, limited budget, lack of coordination of activities and the absence of an integrated system to ensure cooperation and of a monitoring mechanism.Practical implications– The paper will be of immense value to industry practitioners as it represents a holistic understanding of the challenges facing hospitality and tourism industry stakeholders in terms of the implementation of responsible tourism practice. Propositions are made regarding the maximisation of the benefits of responsible tourism.Originality/value– The paper draws on sustainability issues in an attempt to shed light on the role of responsible tourism in the hospitality and tourism industry in Cyprus and consequently advances knowledge on responsible tourism management offering value to academics practitioners and students alike.
Body of Knowledge: a practice as research case study on the capacity for dance-theatre to promote wellbeing
Authors: Bicknell Jemma 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the wellbeing benefits and challenges that arise in dance-theatre performance making with older people. It also addresses the notion of taking artistic risks when making community art.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study draws on current research into older people's participatory performance and the impact it has on wellbeing, in relation to a practice as research dance-theatre project: Body of Knowledge in 2012. The analysis draws on primary experiential and secondary data to describe the possible physical, mental, social and emotional benefits of taking part in performance projects, as well as identifying the challenges and criticisms related to this kind of work.

Findings
– The physical and mental impacts of participating in dance activity are well documented, but there are also valuable social and emotional effects which are hard to quantify, yet just as valuable. Evidence collected from other projects along with my own research, suggests that along with health benefits, the shared endeavour of taking part in a performance project can help an older person to build confidence, social networks, a sense of purpose and refresh or learn new skills. By encouraging older performance groups to show their work to audiences of mixed ages, it is also possible to challenge ageist perceptions.

Originality/value
– This paper draws together current research on the physical, mental, social and emotional value of participatory dance-theatre performance work, in relation to practical findings from a specific project.
Global gene expression in the common scab pathogen, Streptomyces scabies, exposed to potato microtubers
Authors: Dees M.W. , Lysøe E. , Brurberg M.B. , Somervuo P. , Almvik M. , Valkonen J.P.T. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractStreptomyces scabies causes yield losses in potato by inducing common scab (CS) symptoms on tubers. Little information is available on global gene expression responses in CS‐causing streptomycetes upon interaction with host plants. In this study, expression of 8746 genes was analysed in the type strain of S. scabies (ATCC49173) using a custom‐designed, gene‐specific oligonucleotide microarray. Bacteria were grown in liquid yeast malt extract (YME) medium and 480 genes were found to be up‐regulated 24 h after supplementing the cultures with potato microtubers. Quantitative PCR analysis of eight putative or known virulence genes was consistent with the microarray data. Elevated expression of the thaxtomin synthesis gene txtA and txtR genes regulating synthesis of thaxomin A, the main pathogenicity factor of S. scabies, and production of thaxtomin A were detected in cultures containing microtubers. Unexpectedly, thaxtomin was also detected in cultures lacking microtubers, which indicated that growth in YME induces thaxtomin production in S. scabies. Many but not all microtubers incubated in the cultures of S. scabies for 48 h displayed symptoms, indicating that the microtubers were not equally susceptible even though they were produced under uniform in vitro growth conditions. These factors may have limited the differences in gene expression observed between S. scabies exposed to microtubers compared to controls. This study provides some of the first results on the transcriptome of S. scabies, a widely distributed and important potato pathogen, upon exposure to young developing potato tubers. The findings will inform future studies on interactions of CS‐inducing streptomycetes with potato and means to control the disease.
Balancing Pulverizer-Burner Coal Flows: The Complete Solution
Authors: Peet William J. 
Published: February 2014

Since the introduction of direct firing pulverizers to power generation in the 1920’s, the inability to balance the coal flows among the multiple burner lines has eluded the industry. Many believed that the problem lay in unequal burner line equivalent lengths and sought to remedy the situation by inserting additional bends, orifices etc. to the shorter lines. Current practice by the supplier is to achieve a maximum deviation of +/− 5% air flow in a clean air test but coal flow deviations are typically +/− 35%, or higher, when tested. The impact of uneven coal flows on the side to side imbalance within the furnace and boiler is detrimental to the unit operation from emissions to thermodynamic performance and maintenance costs.
This paper will derive the governing equation for the two phase flow in the burner lines. From this equation a simple method for on-line measurement will be developed and a robust control solution for coal flow balancing described.
Validating LFG Generation Model With Recovery Rates From Mexican Landfills
Authors: García P. M. , Vega-Galaz J. 
Published: February 2014

Landfill gas (LFG) recovery predictions obtained using Mexico Landfill Gas Model 2.0 were compared to LFG recovery rates from the two biggest landfills in Mexico (Mexico City Landfill called “Bordo Poniente” and Monterrey City Landfill “SIMEPRODE”.).
The corresponding landfill characteristics (e.g. leachate levels and handling; use of covers and/or liners, compaction procedures, etc.) where analyzed and considered for the modeling in both cases, resulting in recovery efficiency rates and correction factors for each site.
For Mexico City landfill, a pumping test was performed for a period of 25 days during a bidding process, started by Mexico City Government. 11 extraction wells were installed for the test along with a blower-flare system, with a capacity of 1,000 m3/hr. During the test period, individual well measurements were taken every 4 hours obtaining information such as: gas composition (CH4, CO2 and O2), vacuum pressure and gas temperature. Also a main measurement was taken every 4 hours at the blower-flare system in which obtained the total LFG flow in addition to the above information.
Modeling results for Mexico City landfill show a good accuracy (below the actual recovery rate obtained during the test).
For Monterrey City landfill, the recovery rates were obtained from the historical data from the LFG to energy (LFGTE) project running since 2003 by BENLESA. Only the information between 2009 and 2012 were considered due to the last expansion of the plant to 16 generators, 1.06 MW each. Modeling results for Monterrey City landfill, overestimated the actual LFG recovery for the last 4 years including 2012. The causes for the difference between modeled and actual recovery rates for both landfills were analyzed and recommendations to improve the modeling results and the recovery rates were made.
Evaluation of Biomass and Torrefied Coal Co-Firing in Large Utilities Boilers
Authors: Chudnovsky B. , Steg Z. , Kunin A. , Talanker A. , Sabek A. 
Published: February 2014

Renewable energy targets and CO2 emissions markets drive the transition to a cleaner and renewable energy production system. In this manner, utilities are looking for cost effective options with a minimum impact on unit performance and reliability. Co-firing biomass, in comparison with other renewable sources, is the main contributor to meeting the world’s renewable energy target. It avoids the destruction of capital, by making coal-fired power plants cleaner without having to replace them. Biomass co-firing provides a relatively low cost means of increasing renewables capacity and an effective way of taking advantage of the high thermal efficiency of large coal fired boilers. The direct displacement of coal when co-firing plus the higher conversion efficiencies generally achieved also contribute to achieving higher CO2 reduction benefits from each co-fired tone of biomass. However, coal–fired power plants are not designed to co-fire large amounts of biomass. This means that not more than 5–10% of biomass can be co-fired. In order to increase this amount, utilities have to make significant investments in dedicated biomass handling and processing equipment. Even when these investments are made, the co-firing percentage is often limited to 20% thermal fraction, because the chemical and physical properties of bio-fuels. Another possibility, to increase biomass fraction in co-firing is torrefied fuel burning. Co-firing torrefied biomass could increase considerably co-firing percentages, while saving investment and transport cost compared to biomass co-firing. However, it should be concerned regarding the ability of generators involved in coal and biomass co-firing that this alternative may impact on boiler reliability due to specific biomass properties and it this issue should be carefully evaluated during design stage. In order to prevent such an undesirable effect we initiated a study to understand the influence of using co-firing on the capacity, limitations of furnace size, heat transfer surfaces, firing systems, pulverizers, fans, airheaters and equipment for post combustion emission treatment.
This paper discusses the technical and commercial application of coal and biomass/ torrefied coal co-firing in large utility boilers. In the present study we used a series of simulation using computer codes; the latter are CFD codes suitable for simulation of the performance and emissions of co-fired utility boilers and an expert system that aided in issues like boiler and furnace performance, pulverizing capabilities, post combustion treatment equipment performance, sootblowing optimization, boiler Fans operation and performance.