bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of venous jump grafts in pancreatic transplantation – no difference in patient or allograft outcomes – an update of the UNOS database
Authors: Siskind Eric , Maloney Caroline , Ashburn Sarah , Akerman Meredith , Siskind Tamar , Goldberg Lauren , Bhaskaran Madhu , Basu Amit , Molmenti Ernesto , Ortiz Jorge 
Published: June 2014

AbstractVenous jump grafts are used in pancreas transplantation to salvage a pancreas with a short portal vein or to facilitate an easier anastomosis. There have been no large studies evaluating the safety of venous jump grafts in pancreas transplantation. We analyzed the UNOS database to determine whether venous jump grafts are associated with graft loss or patient death. Data from UNOS on all adult pancreas transplant recipients 1996–2012 were analyzed. Venous extension grafts were used in 2657 cases; they were not in 18 124. Kaplan–Meier/product‐limit estimates analysis demonstrated similar patient survival (p < 0.641) and death‐censored graft survival (p < 0.351) at one, three, five,10, and 15 yr between subjects with and without venous jump grafts. There was a statistically significant difference in one‐yr unadjusted patient survival between the venous extension graft (94.9%) and the no‐venous extension graft (95.8%) groups (p < 0.045) and a borderline difference in one‐yr graft survival between the venous extension graft (84.1%) and the no‐venous extension graft (82.6%) groups (p < 0.055). There was no significant difference in patient survival or allograft survival at the three‐, five‐, 10‐, and 15‐yr intervals. The use of venous jump grafts is not associated with increased graft loss or mortality.
Validation of the Maryland Aggregate Pathology Index (MAPI), a pre‐implantation scoring system that predicts graft outcome
Authors: Philosophe Benjamin , Malat Gregory E. , Soundararajan Sunganthi , Barth Rolf N. , Manitpisikul Wana , Wilson Nikita S. , Ranganna Karthik , Drachenberg Cinthia B. , Papadimitriou John C. , Neuman Brian P. , Munivenkatappa Raghava B. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPredicting graft outcome after renal transplantation based on donor histological features has remained elusive and is subject to institutional variability. We have shown in a retrospective study that the Maryland Aggregate Pathology Index score reliably predicts graft outcome. We sought to validate the scoring system in our center and a second transplant center. We analyzed 140 deceased donor kidneys pre‐implantation biopsies from center 1 and 65 from center 2. The patients had a mean follow‐up of 695 ± 424 and 656 ± 305 d respectively. Although MAPI scores were similar, there were significant differences in donor and recipient parameters between both centers. Despite this, MAPI was predictive of graft outcome for both centers by Cox univariate, multivariate and time dependent ROC analysis. For center 1 and 2, three yr graft survival within each MAPI group was statistically equivalent. The three‐yr graft survival at center 1 for low, intermediate, and high MAPI groups were 84.3%, 56.5%, and 50.0%, respectively, p ≤ 0.0001, and at center 2 were 83.3%, 33.3%, and 33.3%, p = 0.006. MAPI, which is based on a pre‐implantation biopsy, demonstrated similar predictive and outcome results from both centers. As expanded criteria donors (ECD) criteria have redefined marginal kidneys, MAPI has the potential to further define ECD kidneys, increase utilization, and ultimately improve outcomes.
Seeds of Persistence: Agrobiodiversity in theAmericanMountainSouth
Authors: Veteto James R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractProfessorRobertE.Rhoades worked for four decades to construct a comparative, international anthropology of mountain agrobiodiversity. This paper presents research in the tradition ofRhoades's applied agrobiodiversity studies. Baseline landrace inventories were compiled fromAppalachia and theOzarkHighlands,UnitedStates, based on in‐depth ethnoecological research. Results illustrate that southern/centralAppalachia is the most diverse foodshed at the varietal level in theUnitedStates,Canada, and northernMexico studied to date. Examples of how this research has contributed to severalin situagrobiodiversity conservation projects are provided.
Interpersonal synchrony increases prosocial behavior in infants
Authors: Cirelli Laura K. , Einarson Kathleen M. , Trainor Laurel J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAdults who move together to a shared musical beat synchronously as opposed to asynchronously are subsequently more likely to display prosocial behaviors toward each other. The development of musical behaviors during infancy has been described previously, but the social implications of such behaviors in infancy have been little studied. In Experiment 1, each of 48 14‐month‐old infants was held by an assistant and gently bounced to music while facing the experimenter, who bounced either in‐synchrony or out‐of‐synchrony with the way the infant was bounced. The infants were then placed in a situation in which they had the opportunity to help the experimenter by handing objects to her that she had ‘accidently’ dropped. We found that 14‐month‐old infants were more likely to engage in altruistic behavior and help the experimenter after having been bounced to music in synchrony with her, compared to infants who were bounced to music asynchronously with her. The results of Experiment 2, using anti‐phase bouncing, suggest that this is due to the contingency of the synchronous movements as opposed to movement symmetry. These findings support the hypothesis that interpersonal motor synchrony might be one key component of musical engagement that encourages social bonds among group members, and suggest that this motor synchrony to music may promote the very early development of altruistic behavior.A video abstract of this article can be viewed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaqWehfDm7c&feature=youtu.be
Effect of docosahexaenoic acid‐enriched fish oil supplementation in pregnant women with Type 2 diabetes on membrane fatty acids and fetal body composition—double‐blinded randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Min Y. , Djahanbakhch O. , Hutchinson J. , Bhullar A. S. , Raveendran M. , Hallot A. , Eram S. , Namugere I. , Nateghian S. , Ghebremeskel K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimsTo test if docosahexaenoic acid‐enriched fish oil supplementation rectifies red cell membrane lipid anomaly in pregnant women with Type 2 diabetes and their neonates, and alters fetal body composition.MethodsWomen with Type 2 diabetes (n = 88; 41 fish oil, 47 placebo) and healthy women (n = 85; 45 fish oil, 40 placebo) were supplemented from the first trimester until delivery. Blood fatty acid composition, fetal biometric and neonatal anthropometric measurements were assessed.ResultsA total of 117 women completed the trial. The women with Type 2 diabetes who took fish oil compared with those who received placebo had higher percentage of docosahexaenoic acid in red cell phosphatidylethanolamine in the third trimester (12.0% vs. 8.9%, P = 0.000) and at delivery (10.7% vs. 7.4%, P = 0.001). Similarly, the neonates of the women with Type 2 diabetes supplemented with the fish oil had increased docosahexaenoic acid in the red cell phosphatidylethanolamine (9.2% vs. 7.7%, P = 0.027) and plasma phosphatidylcholine (6.1% vs. 4.7%, P = 0.020). Docosahexaenoic acid‐rich fish oil had no effect on the body composition of the fetus and neonates of the women with Type 2 diabetes.ConclusionsA daily dose of 600 mg of docosahexaenoic acid was effective in ameliorating red cell membrane docosahexaenoic acid anomaly in pregnant women with Type 2 diabetes and neonates, and in preventing the decline of maternal docosahexaenoic acid during pregnancy. We suggest that the provision of docosahexaenoic acid supplement should be integrated in the antenatal care of pregnant women with Type 2 diabetes.
Metabolic syndrome and sex‐specific socio‐economic disparities in childhood and adulthood: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
Authors: Yang J. J. , Yoon H.‐S. , Lee S.‐A. , Choi J.‐Y. , Song M. , Han S. , Lee J.‐K. , Kang D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimsTo examine whether adulthood and/or childhood sex‐specific socio‐economic disparities are associated with metabolic syndrome and its components in a developed non‐Western setting.MethodsBased on the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 14 888 people aged ≥ 20 years were analysed to evaluate the effect of adult and childhood socio‐economic status on metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to calculate the odds ratios for metabolic syndrome and each component of metabolic syndrome in later life.ResultsThe age‐standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 26.6% for men and 21.3% for women. Compared with the highest level of education, men with the lowest education level were significantly less likely to have metabolic syndrome (odds ratio 0.76, 95% CI 0.60–0.96), whereas the opposite association was found in women (odds ratio 3.29, 95% CI 2.45–4.42). Men who were manual labourers and economically inactive had a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared with those with non‐manual jobs (odds ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.69–0.98 and odds ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.64–0.99, respectively), but the reverse association was observed in women (odds ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.04–1.73 and odds ratio 1.40, 95% CI 1.09–1.81, respectively). A significant interaction between combined adulthood and childhood socio‐economic status on the presence of metabolic syndrome was observed (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that sex‐specific socio‐economic disparities in childhood and adulthood have differential effects on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components in Korea.
Privatising Pensions in the UK: How to Restore Contracting Out
Authors: Booth Philip , Niemietz Kristian 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFor much of the post‐war period in the UK, individuals were allowed to use private pension provision to replace part of their state pension. This system was supported by all political parties but it has been eroded since the 1990s. The opportunity to ‘contract out’ of the state pension is finally being abolished by the current Conservative/Liberal Democrat coalition government. This paper proposes a new method of allowing people to contract out of the state pension system, calculates appropriate rebates of social security taxes and discusses the potential risks of adopting the proposals.
Persistent Left and Absent Right Superior Vena Cava: Combined Functional and Anatomic Assessment with Transthoracic Echocardiography and Computed Tomography
Authors: Naoum Christopher , Khoury Vincent , Ridley Lloyd , Maze Seymour 
Published: June 2014

Mini‐AbstractWe present the case of a 42‐year‐old man with incidentally noted dilatation of the coronary sinus who underwent bilateral upper limb agitated saline injection to confirm a diagnosis of persistent left and absent right superior vena cava. The case highlights the ability of selective bilateral upper limb agitated saline injection during transthoracic echocardiography to conclusively characterize venous return patterns. Anatomical confirmation of the diagnosis was subsequently made by thoracic computed tomography.
Functional analysis of limb transcriptional enhancers in the mouse
Authors: Nolte Mark J. , Wang Ying , Deng Jian Min , Swinton Paul G. , Wei Caimiao , Guindani Michele , Schwartz Robert J. , Behringer Richard R. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYTranscriptional enhancers are genomic sequences bound by transcription factors that act together with basal transcriptional machinery to regulate gene transcription. Several high‐throughput methods have generated large datasets of tissue‐specific enhancer sequences with putative roles in developmental processes. However, few enhancers have been deleted from the genome to determine their roles in development. To understand the roles of two enhancers active in the mouse embryonic limb bud we deleted them from the genome. Although the genes regulated by these enhancers are unknown, they were selected because they were identified in a screen for putative limb bud‐specific enhancers associated with p300, an acetyltransferase that participates in protein complexes that promote active transcription, and because the orthologous human enhancers (H1442 and H280) drive distinct lacZ expression patterns in limb buds of embryonic day (E) 11.5 transgenic mice. We show that the orthologous mouse sequences, M1442 and M280, regulate dynamic expression in the developing limb. Although significant transcriptional differences in enhancer‐proximal genes in embryonic limb buds accompany the deletion of M1442 and M280 no gross limb malformations during embryonic development were observed, demonstrating that M1442 and M280 are not required for mouse limb development. However, M280 is required for the development and/or maintenance of body size; M280 mice are significantly smaller than controls. M280 also harbors an “ultraconserved” sequence that is identical between human, rat, and mouse. This is the first report of a phenotype resulting from the deletion of an ultraconserved element. These studies highlight the importance of determining enhancer regulatory function by experiments that manipulate them in situ and suggest that some of an enhancer's regulatory capacities may be developmentally tolerated rather than developmentally required.
Stopping movements: when others slow us down
Authors: Cavallo Andrea , Catmur Caroline , Sowden Sophie , Ianì Francesco , Becchio Cristina 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPrevious research has shown that performing joint actions can lead to the representation of both one's own and others’ actions. In the present study we explored the influence of co‐representation on response stopping. Are joint actions more difficult to stop than solo actions? Using a variation of the stop‐signal task, we found that participants needed more time to stop a planned joint action compared with a planned solo action (Experiment 1). This effect was not observed when participants performed the task in the presence of a passive observer (Experiment 2). A third transcranial magnetic stimulation experiment (Experiment 3) demonstrated that joint stopping recruited a more selective suppression mechanism than solo stopping. Taken together, these results suggest that participants used a global inhibition mechanism when acting alone; however, they recruited a more selective and slower suppression mechanism when acting with someone else.
Furosemide Administration Affects Mineral Excretion in Exercised Thoroughbreds
Authors: Pagan J , Waldridge B , Whitehouse C , Fuchs S , Goff M 
Published: June 2014

IntroductionFurosemide is widely administered to Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses to reduce the incidence and severity of EIPH. The magnitude and duration of mineral loss following furosemide administration has not previously been measured in horses.MethodsSix fit Thoroughbreds (age 6.8 ± 1.2 y; bwt 585 ± 19 kg) were used in a 3 x 3 Latin square design trial to measure the effect of furosemide on urinary and fecal mineral excretion for 24 h before (−24 h) and 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after a standardized exercise test (SET) on an inclined (3o) high speed treadmill. The treatment groups consisted of an untreated control (C) and two groups (F and FE) which received furosemide (0.5 mg/kg, IV) 4 h before the SET. C and F were fed 60 g/d NaCl and (FE) was fed 200 g/d of an electrolyte mix (14 g K, 37.7 g Na and 43.3 g Cl) for 21 days before the SET. Following the SET the FE group was supplemented with an additional 10 g/d Ca and 10 g/d Mg.ResultsUrinary Ca, P, Na and Cl excretion increased 24 h post treatment in the F and FE groups (P<0.05). 72 h Ca and Cl balance was decreased in F (P<0.05) and 72 h Mg and Cl balance was decreased in FE (P<0.05). The digestibility of P and Mg was decreased in FE (P<0.05) and Na digestibility was increased in F and FE (P<0.05).ConclusionsA single dose of furosemide negatively affected calcium balance in horses for 72 h post administration. Further research is needed to assess the effect of chronic furosemide use in racehorses on mineral balance and soundness.Ethical Animal ResearchStudy approved by the Kentucky Equine Research Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Sources of funding: Kentucky Equine Research. Competing interests: none.
Effect of Training on PPARGC1A and FNDC5 Gene Expression in Thoroughbred Horses
Authors: McGivney B , Herdan C , Gough K , Katz L , Hill E 
Published: June 2014

IntroductionPGC‐1α and irisin, encoded by the PPARGC1A and FNDC5 genes, play key roles in mediating the beneficial effects of exercise. PPARGC1A gene expression is induced by exercise and has been shown to upregulate FNDC5 expression. Higher levels of FNDC5 have been observed in young male human athletes compared to sedentary controls. FNDC5 gene expression has also been shown in some species to be modulated by myostatin (MSTN), a growth factor that limits muscle hypertrophy. In horses MSTN variation (g.66493737C>T) affects gene expression and racing performance. Thoroughbreds homozygous for the C‐allele have significantly higher levels of MSTN mRNA than homozygous T : T horses. The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of PPARGC1A and FNDC5 in skeletal muscle to exercise and investigate the relationship with MSTN genotype.MethodsSkeletal muscle (gluteus medius) biopsies were taken from untrained yearling Thoroughbreds (n = 27) at rest and after a ten month period of training at two‐years‐old. Skeletal muscle gene expression was measured using real‐time qRT‐PCR assays and data was analysed using qBase software.ResultsA significant increase in both PPARGC1A (P = 0.0001, FC = 1.82) and FNDC5 (P = 0.039, FC = 1.72) was observed post‐training. A significant positive correlation was found between FNDC5 and PPARGC1A expression levels post training (P = 0.01, R2 = 0.22). There was no relationship between PPARGC1A or FNDC5 gene expression and MSTN genotype.ConclusionsThese data indicate a coordinated role for PGC‐1α and irisin in the skeletal muscle response to exercise in Thoroughbred horses. Their known roles in mitochondrial biogenesis and brown fat metabolism suggest important roles in the adaptive response to exercise, which is independent of MSTN‐determined muscle type.Ethical Animal ResearchInstitutional Animal Research Ethics Committee approval was obtained. Explicit owner informed consent for participation in this study is not stated. Sources of funding: Science Foundation Ireland under Grant Number 11/PI/1166. Competing interests: Dr Hill is a co‐founder and Chairman of Equinome Ltd.
Accuracy of Girth Based Measurements of Stride Characteristics in Horses Trotting on a Treadmill
Authors: Bathe B , Dawes H , Nankervis K , Esser P , Collett J 
Published: June 2014

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the possibility of obtaining the beginning and end of stance from a girth‐mounted Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), by comparing data from the IMU with data from an opto‐electronic system.Methods15 horses were trotted on a treadmill, with markers on hooves and a Girth Marker (GM) on a wireless IMU over the sternum. Proreflex cameras collected 3D marker data. T‐tests and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) were used to decipher any difference between diagonally paired limbs; GM and hoof markers; and GM and IMU, the limits of agreement of which were also assessed using a Bland Altman method.ResultsTimings of diagonally‐coupled limbs were not significantly different at beginning (P = 0.77 and 0.95), or end of stance (P = 0.60 and 0.46) for right or left diagonal respectively. The diagonal in stance was identifiable from GM y position, with which IMU derived position had 97%, and IMU roll 100% agreement. Stance according to hoof markers did not differ significantly from GM z acceleration at beginning (P = 0.49 ± 0.01, P = 0.92 ± 0.007), or GM z velocity at end (P = 0.84 ± 0.007, P = 0.83 ± 0.007), in right or left diagonal respectively. A strong correlation was seen between beginning and end of stance according to GM and IMU events (each R2>0.99). Relationships between IMU and GM amplitudes were less convincing, with a significant difference at peak acceleration (P<0.05, Standard Deviation = 2.70 m/s/s, ULOA = 5.93, LLOA = −4.66).ConclusionsA girth‐based IMU can identify temporal stride characteristics in trot on a treadmill, but inferences from amplitude data should be treated with caution until further investigated.Ethical Animal ResearchApproved by Hartpury College Research Ethics Committee. Sources of funding: Research self‐funded by the first author. Competing interests: none.
Kinetics of the Forelimb in Horses Trotting an Uphill and Downhill Slope
Authors: Chateau H , Camus M , Holden‐Douilly L , Lepley J , Falala S , Ravary B , Vergari C , Denoix JM , Pourcelot P , Crevier‐Denoix N 
Published: June 2014

IntroductionEquine training often includes running on tracks with different uphill (UP) or downhill (DOWN) slopes and examination of lame horses on a slope can be used to investigate the origin of lameness. However little is known about the kinetics of horses in such circumstances. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare ground reaction force, acceleration and sliding of the hoof in the forelimb of horses trotting an uphill and downhill slope.MethodsThe right front hoof of 5 horses was equipped with a dynamometric horseshoe and an accelerometer allowing the measurement of 3D ground reaction force and hoof acceleration and displacement. The horses were trotted in hand (3.5 m/s) on a 7% inclined asphalt area successively uphill and downhill. Data were analysed using an ANOVA, accounting for correlated repeated measurements within each horse (P<0.01).ResultsSpeed was not significantly different between UP and DOWN. The maximal longitudinal breaking force of the hoof, maximal vertical force, vertical impulse and longitudinal sliding of the hoof at impact were significantly increased on DOWN compared to UP (respectively +97.7%, +8.4%, +16.6% and +450%). Stride frequency and longitudinal propulsive force were significantly decreased on DOWN compared to UP (respectively −5.1% and −48.7%).ConclusionsThe results of this study (increased longitudinal breaking force and maximal vertical force on a downward slope) are consistent with previous measurements of superficial digital flexor tendon loading on the same area [1]. Conversely increased propulsive force on an uphill slope needs to be taken into account during rehabilitation of horses with deep digital flexor tendon injuries.Ethical Animal ResearchThe local Animal Care and Ethics Committee advised that no formal approval was required for this study. Sources of funding: Conseil Régional de Basse‐Normandie, the Fonds Unique Interministériel, the French Ministry of Agriculture, the FEDER and the Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE). Competing interests: none.