bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Intestinal IgA Responses by Dietary Palmitic Acid and Its Metabolism
Authors: Kunisawa Jun , Hashimoto Eri , Inoue Asuka , Nagasawa Risa , Suzuki Yuji , Ishikawa Izumi , Shikata Shiori , Arita Makoto , Aoki Junken , Kiyono Hiroshi 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Enhancement of intestinal IgA responses is a primary strategy in the development of oral vaccine. Dietary fatty acids are known to regulate host immune responses. In this study, we show that dietary palmitic acid (PA) and its metabolites enhance intestinal IgA responses. Intestinal IgA production was increased in mice maintained on a PA-enriched diet. These mice also showed increased intestinal IgA responses against orally immunized Ag, without any effect on serum Ab responses. We found that PA directly stimulates plasma cells to produce Ab. In addition, mice receiving a PA-enriched diet had increased numbers of IgA-producing plasma cells in the large intestine; this effect was abolished when serine palmitoyltransferase was inhibited. These findings suggest that dietary PA regulates intestinal IgA responses and has the potential to be a diet-derived mucosal adjuvant.
Therapy of Peritoneally Disseminated Colon Cancer by TAP-Deficient Embryonic Stem Cell–Derived Macrophages in Allogeneic Recipients
Authors: Haga Eriko , Endo Yuko , Haruta Miwa , Koba Chihiro , Matsumura Keiko , Takamatsu Koutaro , Ikeda Tokunori , Nishimura Yasuharu , Senju Satoru 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We established a method to generate a large quantity of myeloid lineage cells from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, termed ES cell–derived proliferating myeloid cell lines (ES-ML). ES-ML continuously proliferated in the presence of M-CSF and GM-CSF. ES-ML genetically modified to express an anti-HER2 (neu) mAb single-chain V region fragment reduced the number of cocultured mouse Colon-26 cancer cells expressing HER2. Stimulation of ES-ML with IFN-γ plus LPS or TNF resulted in almost complete killing of the Colon-26 cells by the ES-ML, and the cytotoxicity was mediated, in part, by NO produced by ES-ML. When ES-ML were injected into mice with i.p. established Colon-26 tumors, they efficiently infiltrated the tumor tissues. Injection of ES-ML with rIFN-γ and LPS inhibited cancer progression in the mouse peritoneal cavity. Coinjection of TNF-transfected or untransfected ES-ML with rIFN-γ inhibited cancer growth and resulted in prolonged survival of the treated mice. In this experiment, transporter associated with Ag processing (TAP)1-deficient ES-ML exhibited therapeutic activity in MHC-mismatched allogeneic recipient mice. Despite the proliferative capacity of ES-ML, malignancy never developed from the transferred ES-ML in the recipient mice. In summary, TAP-deficient ES-ML with anticancer properties exhibited a therapeutic effect in allogeneic recipients, suggesting the possible use of TAP-deficient human-induced pluripotent stem cell–derived proliferating myeloid cell lines in cancer therapy.
Compact Commutators of Rough Singular Integral Operators
Authors: Chen Jiecheng , Hu Guoen 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLet b ∊ BMO(ℝn) and TΩ be the singular integral operator with kernel Ω(x)/|x|n, where Ω is homogeneous of degree zero, integrable, and has mean value zero on the unit sphere Sn-1. In this paper, using Fourier transform estimates and approximation to the operator TΩ by integral operators with smooth kernels, it is proved that if b ∊ CMO(ℝn) and satisfies certain minimal size condition, then the commutator generated by b and TΩ is a compact operator on Lp(ℝn) for appropriate index p. The associated maximal operator is also considered.
Exploring the dissolution effect on the intrashell Mg/Ca variability of the planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber
Authors: Fehrenbacher Jennifer S. , Martin Pamela A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe Mg/Ca ratio of the planktic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber is widely used for reconstructing past sea surface temperatures. The shell Mg/Ca ratio is also lowered by dissolution, which results in lower sea surface temperature estimates in partially dissolved shells. Here we use an electron microprobe image mapping technique to map the intrashell variability of the Mg/Ca ratio in G. ruber (white) sensu stricto shells to explore changes in the intrashell Mg/Ca ratio associated with dissolution. We examine shells from shallow and deep cores (Ceara Rise, western tropical Atlantic) from the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum that represent a preservational gradient. Image map results show that the Mg/Ca ratio is highly variable both within a single shell and among samples obtained from the same sediment interval. Our results show that intrashell Mg/Ca variability is retained in samples that have undergone dissolution. Quantitative analysis of the data from Mg/Ca mapping suggests that preferential loss of high‐Mg/Ca calcite alone cannot account for the difference in intrashell Mg/Ca variability of shells from shallow and deep cores in both time periods. Rather, the data imply that, in G. ruber analyzed in this study, there is a loss of high Mg/Ca ratios accompanied by a more uniform lowering of Mg/Ca over the range of intershell Mg/Ca variability of shells subjected to dissolution at the 1 µm resolution of the microprobe analysis in this study.
Freedom
Authors: Hirschmann Nancy J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe concept of freedom has played a central role in the history of politics and political theory, motivating wars, revolutions, rebellions, and guiding the formation of governments, states, and nations. It is one of the key ideals of political theory, what Bernard Gallie called “an essentially contested concept.” Thus defining freedom throughout the history of political thought requires grappling with such contestation over not only what freedom means, but what sorts of questions one needs to ask to determine that meaning. Theorists define freedom within different framework assumptions about the nature of human existence and character, with different kinds of society and government, and in response to different historical events, as well as to different political, practical, and philosophical questions they seek to answer. Indeed, Hannah Pitkin, following Hannah Arendt, goes so far as to differentiate “freedom” from “liberty,” though that distinction is not endorsed by the majority of freedom theorists. Yet certain elements persist throughout the history of the concept within the field of political theory. Despite common assertions that freedom is a uniquely modern concern, struggles over the meaning of freedom date to ancient times. The differences between various epochs, however, are as interesting for the continuities that cross between them as the contrasts that distinguish them. The meaning of freedom in all eras relates to the conception of a person that operates in a culture and period, and the person's relationship to society. Differing understandings of society and of the members of those societies are pivotal in determining differences among conceptions of freedom.
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770–1831)
Authors: Hutchings Kimberly 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHegel is one of the most influential, as well as one of the most controversial, philosophers in modern European history. His work encompassed all branches of philosophy, but it was his ideas about philosophical method, his conception of ethics, and his philosophies of right and history that decisively shaped later debate in political thought. His work was an important source for Marx and Marxism, but it also inspired a range of liberal, conservative, and radical thinkers in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, both positively and negatively. At the end of the twentieth century, many political theories could still be defined in terms of their positive or negative relation to Hegel's thought (for example communitarianism as opposed to postmodernism). And since the 1970s there has been an ongoing revival of Hegel scholarship, with calls to return to works such asPhenomenology of SpiritandElements of the Philosophy of Rightfor answers to contemporary questions about multiculturalism, social justice, freedom, and political community. Nearly 200 years after his death, regardless of whether one is “for” or “against” Hegel the legacy of his political thought remains inescapable.
Future Landscapes of Spatial Details: An Interview with Philippe Rahm
Authors: Garcia Mark 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFrom his Paris base, Philippe Rahm has gained an international reputation for uncharted explorations into the physical environment; his preoccupation with the meteorological has opened up wholly new possibilities for sustainable design. In this interview with Guest‐Editor Mark Garcia, Rahm highlights how his practice has developed an alternative approach, or third way, for the detail, which is neither the highly worked‐up tectonic detail nor the non‐detail, but instead has grown out of a focus on climate and the application of new and often modest techniques.
The Architectural Detail and the Fear of Commitment
Authors: Burry Mark 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMark Burry holds a unique position in architecture, straddling the worlds of practice and academia as Senior Architect to the Temple Sagrada Família in Barcelona and as Professor at RMIT in Melbourne, where he is Founding Director of the RMIT Design Research Institute. In his Counterpoint to this issue of AD, he puts the spotlight back on construction, asking whether the detail could be in danger of falling victim to an inadvertent and ‘massive separation of design from making’. As he states: ‘to detail effectively is to understand not only what the building “is”, but how it will be made’.
Cerium(IV)‐Catalyzed sp3 CH Bond Oxidation of Glycine Derivatives: Radical Cation Prompted Dioxygen Activation in the Presence of Triarylamine
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Yaxin , Yu Liangliang , Huo Congde , Wang Xicun , Jia Xiaodong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCatalytic cerium(IV)‐triggered sp3 CH bond oxidation of glycine derivatives was achieved in the presence of catalytic tris(4‐bromophenyl)amine, producing a series of quinolines, in which the generation of a triarylamine radical cation is the key step to prompt the aerobic oxidation. Both intermolecular and intramolecular reactions occur smoothly, showing good generality towards the synthesis of functionalized quinoline derivatives.magnified image
Effects of dietary fracture toughness and dental wear on chewing efficiency in geladas (Theropithecus gelada)
Authors: Venkataraman Vivek V. , Glowacka Halszka , Fritz Julia , Clauss Marcus , Seyoum Chalachew , Nguyen Nga , Fashing Peter J. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTChewing efficiency has been associated with fitness in mammals, yet little is known about the behavioral, ecological, and morphological factors that influence chewing efficiency in wild animals. Although research has established that dental wear and food material properties independently affect chewing efficiency, few studies have addressed the interaction among these factors. We examined chewing efficiency, measured as mean fecal particle size, as a function of seasonal shifts in diet (and corresponding changes in food fracture toughness) in a single breeding population of a grazing primate, the gelada monkey, at Guassa, Ethiopia. We also measured dental topographic traits (slope, angularity, and relief index) and relative two‐ and three‐dimensional shearing crest lengths in a cross‐sectional wear series of gelada molars. Chewing efficiency decreased during the dry season, a pattern corresponding to the consumption of foods with higher fracture toughness. Older individuals experienced the most pronounced decreases in chewing efficiency between seasons, implicating dental wear as a causal factor. This pattern is consistent with our finding that dental topographic metrics and three‐dimensional relative shearing crest lengths were lowest at the last stage of wear. Integrating these lines of behavioral, ecological, and morphological evidence provides some of the first empirical support for the hypothesis that food fracture toughness and dental wear together contribute to chewing efficiency. Geladas have the highest chewing efficiencies measured thus far in primates, and may be analogous to equids in their emphasis on dental design as a means of particle size reduction in the absence of highly specialized digestive physiology. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:17–32, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Angiopep‐Conjugated Electro‐Responsive Hydrogel Nanoparticles: Therapeutic Potential for Epilepsy
Authors: Ying Xiaoying , Wang Yi , Liang Jiao , Yue Jiaxing , Xu Cenglin , Lu Lina , Xu Zhenghao , Gao Jianqing , Du Yongzhong , Chen Zhong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA safe and effective therapy for epilepsy requires a drug delivery system that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier and subsequently release antiepileptic drugs rapidly to suppress neuronal discharges in a timely manner. We have developed electro‐responsive hydrogel nanoparticles (ERHNPs) modified with angiopep‐2 (ANG) to facilitate the delivery of the antiepileptic drug phenytoin sodium. The resulting ANG‐ERHNPs had an average diameter of (102.3±16.8) nm and were electro‐sensitive with regard to particle size and drug release in vitro. ANG‐ERHNPs have the characteristics of penetrate the BBB easily, resulting in a higher distribution in the central system. The improved antiepileptic effects were investigated with the amygdala kindling model. The results demonstrate that the ANG‐ERHNPs were able to transport antiepileptic drugs into the brain and release them under electroencephalograph epileptiform abnormalities to greatly improve the therapeutic index of existing drugs in clinical use.
Bindungseigenschaften lokaler Strukturmotive in amorphem GeTe
Authors: Deringer Volker L. , Zhang Wei , Lumeij Marck , Maintz Stefan , Wuttig Matthias , Mazzarello Riccardo , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUngeachtet seiner einfachen Zusammensetzung und enormen technischen Wichtigkeit wirft das Phasenwechselmaterial Germaniumtellurid (GeTe) auch heute noch grundlegende Fragen auf. Insbesondere die Bindungsmechanismen in amorphem GeTe haben sich bislang einer schlüssigen Erklärung entzogen, da geeignete bindungsanalytische Hilfsmittel fehlten. Hier führen wir einen neuen Bindungsindikator für amorphe Strukturen ein, den wir als “bindungsgewichtete Verteilungsfunktion” (BWDF) bezeichnen, und wenden diese Methode auf amorphes GeTe an. Die Ergebnisse belegen, daß homopolare Ge‐Ge‐Bindungen darin eine besondere Rolle spielen: sie stabilisieren einzelne tetraedrische Fragmente, nicht aber das globale Netzwerk. Diese atomaufgelöste (d. h. chemische) Perspektive hat Bedeutung für die Langzeitstabilität amorpher “Null‐Bits” und damit für das technisch wichtige Phänomen der Widerstandsdrift.
Pd/NbOPO4 Multifunctional Catalyst for the Direct Production of Liquid Alkanes from Aldol Adducts of Furans
Authors: Xia Qi‐Neng , Cuan Qian , Liu Xiao‐Hui , Gong Xue‐Qing , Lu Guan‐Zhong , Wang Yan‐Qin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGreat efforts have been made to convert renewable biomass into transportation fuels. Herein, we report the novel properties of NbOx‐based catalysts in the hydrodeoxygenation of furan‐derived adducts to liquid alkanes. Excellent activity and stability were observed with almost no decrease in octane yield (>90 % throughout) in a 256 h time‐on‐stream test. Experimental and theoretical studies showed that NbOx species play the key role in CO bond cleavage. As a multifunctional catalyst, Pd/NbOPO4 plays three roles in the conversion of aldol adducts into alkanes: 1) The noble metal (in this case Pd) is the active center for hydrogenation; 2) NbOx species help to cleave the CO bond, especially of the tetrahydrofuran ring; and 3) a niobium‐based solid acid catalyzes the dehydration, thus enabling the quantitative conversion of furan‐derived adducts into alkanes under mild conditions.
Processability of polysulfone improved by adding polyamide 6 and polysulfone‐polyamide 6 block copolymer
Authors: Lin Gan , Lin Xianshui , Qian Hao , Lin Zhiyong 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTAlthough polysulfone (PSU) is a potential thermoplastic engineering plastic with high heat resistance, good dimensional stability and excellent mechanical properties, its poor processability has greatly restricted its application in electrical, aerospace, and medical fields. In this work, polyamide 6 (PA6) and PSU‐PA6 block copolymer (PSU‐b‐PA6) were used to improve the processibility and formability of PSU depending on their excellent fluidity and good compatibility between two components. Furthermore, the fluidity, thermal and mechanical properties of the blends were carefully investigated. It was found that, melt flow index of PSU could be increased above 10 times, and strength and toughness could be enhanced by 4–10% with the introduction of 10 wt % PA6 and PSU‐b‐PA6 without compromising the heat resistance of PSU obviously. The processing conditions of PSU could be improved while maintaining a decent comprehensive performance. Thus, the method has great potential for extending the applications of PSU. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41139.
H3PW12O40·4H2O as an efficient catalyst for the conversion of cellulose into partially substituted cellulose acetate
Authors: Liao Chongjing , Fang Tao , Luo Shanshan , Fan Guo‐Zhi , Song Guangsen 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe preparation of partial acetylation of cellulose derived from rice straw was catalyzed by phosphotungstic acid with various numbers of crystal water, and H3PW12O40·4H2O was found to be as effective catalyst. The yield of the cellulose acetate was significantly enhanced by converting cellulose directly isolated from rice straw into microcrystalline cellulose before acetylation. The optimization of the acetylation was investigated by varying the amount of catalyst and acetic anhydride as well as reaction conditions including reaction time and medium, and a degree of substitution (DS) value of 2.29 and yield of 62.9% were obtained under the optimized conditions. The structure and the formation of the acetylated product were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) technique, the thermal properties were determined by thermal analysis including thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41212.
Lingo‐1 Inhibited by RNA Interference Promotes Functional Recovery of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Wang Chun‐Juan , Qu Chuan‐Qiang , Zhang Jie , Fu Pei‐Cai , Guo Shou‐Gang , Tang Rong‐Hua 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTLingo‐1 is a negative regulator of myelination. Repairment of demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS)/experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), requires activation of the myelination program. In this study, we observed the effect of RNA interference on Lingo‐1 expression, and the impact of Lingo‐1 suppression on functional recovery and myelination/remyelination in EAE mice. Lentiviral vectors encoding Lingo‐1 short hairpin RNA (LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA) were constructed to inhibit Lingo‐1 expression. LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA of different titers were transferred into myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐induced EAE mice by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection. Meanwhile, lentiviral vectors carrying nonsense gene sequence (LVCON053) were used as negative control. The Lingo‐1 expression was detected and locomotor function was evaluated at different time points (on days 1,3,7,14,21, and 30 after ICV injection). Myelination was investigated by luxol fast blue (LFB) staining.LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA administration via ICV injection could efficiently down‐regulate the Lingo‐1 mRNA and protein expression in EAE mice on days 7,14,21, and 30 (P < 0.01), especially in the 5 × 108 TU/mL and 5 × 109 TU/mL LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA groups. The locomotor function score in the LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA treated groups were significantly lower than the untreated or LVCON053 group from day 7 on. The 5 × 108 TU/mL LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA group achieved the best functional improvement (0.87 ± 0.11 vs. 3.05 ± 0.13, P < 0.001). Enhanced myelination/remyelination was observed in the 5 × 107, 5 × 108, 5 × 109 TU/mL LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA groups by LFB staining (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.05).The data showed that administering LV/Lingo‐1‐shRNA by ICV injection could efficiently knockdown Lingo‐1 expression in vivo, improve functional recovery and enhance myelination/remyelination. Antagonism of Lingo‐1 by RNA interference is, therefore, a promising approach for the treatment of demyelinating diseases, such as MS/EAE. Anat Rec, 297:2356–2363, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous determination of oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, quercetin and apigenin in Swertia mussotii Franch by capillary zone electrophoresis with running buffer modifier
Authors: Gao Ruibin , Wang Litao , Yang Yan , Ni Jingman , Zhao Liang , Dong Shuqing , Guo Mei 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with direct UV detection was developed for the determination of oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, quercetin and apigenin. and then for the first time successfully applied to the analysis of four analytes in Swertia mussotii Franch and its preparations. Various factors affecting the CZE procedure were investigated and optimized, and the optimal conditions were: 50 × 10−3 mol/L borate‐phosphate buffer (pH 9.5) with 5.0 × 10−3 mol/L β‐cyclodextrin, 15 kV separation voltage, 20 °C column temperature, 250 nm detection wavelength and 5 s electrokinetic injection time (voltage 20 psi). Under the conditions, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, quercetin and apigenin could be determined within the test ranges with a good correlation coefficient (r2 > 0.9991). The limits of detection for conditions, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, quercetin and apigenin were 0.3415, 0.2003, 0.0062 and 0.2538 µg/mL, respectively, and the intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations were no more than 4.72%. This procedure provided a convenient, sensitive and accurate method for simultaneous determination of oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, quercetin and apigenin in S. mussotii Franch. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell Surface Display Yields Evolvable, Clickable Antibody Fragments
Authors: Van Deventer James A. , Yuet Kai P. , Yoo Tae Hyeon , Tirrell David A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNon‐canonical amino acids (ncAAs) provide powerful tools for engineering the chemical and physical properties of proteins. However, introducing ncAAs into proteins can affect protein properties in unpredictable ways, thus necessitating screening efforts to identify mutants with desirable properties. In this work, we describe an Escherichia coli cell surface display platform for the directed evolution of clickable antibody fragments. This platform enabled isolation of antibody fragments with improved digoxigenin binding and modest affinity maturation in several different ncAA contexts. Azide‐functionalized fragments exhibited improved binding kinetics relative to their methionine counterparts, facile chemical modification through azide–alkyne cycloaddition, and retention of binding properties after modification. The results described here suggest new possibilities for protein engineering, including modulation of molecular recognition events by ncAAs and direct screening of libraries of chemically modified proteins.