bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global atmospheric sulfur budget under volcanically quiescent conditions: Aerosol‐chemistry‐climate model predictions and validation
Authors: Sheng Jian‐Xiong , Weisenstein Debra K. , Luo Bei‐Ping , Rozanov Eugene , Stenke Andrea , Anet Julien , Bingemer Heinz , Peter Thomas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe global atmospheric sulfur budget and its emission dependence have been investigated using the coupled aerosol‐chemistry‐climate model SOCOL‐AER. The aerosol module comprises gaseous and aqueous sulfur chemistry and comprehensive microphysics. The particle distribution is resolved by 40 size bins spanning radii from 0.39 nm to 3.2 μm, including size‐dependent particle composition. Aerosol radiative properties required by the climate model are calculated online from the aerosol module. The model successfully reproduces main features of stratospheric aerosols under nonvolcanic conditions, including aerosol extinctions compared to Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) and Halogen Occultation Experiment, and size distributions compared to in situ measurements. The calculated stratospheric aerosol burden is 109 Gg of sulfur, matching the SAGE II‐based estimate (112 Gg). In terms of fluxes through the tropopause, the stratospheric aerosol layer is due to about 43% primary tropospheric aerosol, 28% SO2, 23% carbonyl sulfide (OCS), 4% H2S, and 2% dimethyl sulfide (DMS). Turning off emissions of the short‐lived species SO2, H2S, and DMS shows that OCS alone still establishes about 56% of the original stratospheric aerosol burden. Further sensitivity simulations reveal that anticipated increases in anthropogenic SO2 emissions in China and India have a larger influence on stratospheric aerosols than the same increase in Western Europe or the U.S., due to deep convection in the western Pacific region. However, even a doubling of Chinese and Indian emissions is predicted to increase the stratospheric background aerosol burden only by 9%. In contrast, small to moderate volcanic eruptions, such as that of Nabro in 2011, may easily double the stratospheric aerosol loading.
Putting to rest WISHE‐ful misconceptions for tropical cyclone intensification
Authors: Montgomery Michael T. , Persing John , Smith Roger K. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this article is twofold. The first is to point out and correct several misconceptions about the putative WISHE mechanism of tropical cyclone intensification that currently are being taught to atmospheric science students, to tropical weather forecasters, and to laypeople who seek to understand how tropical cyclones intensify. The mechanism relates to the simplest problem of an initial cyclonic vortex in a quiescent environment. This first part is important because the credibility of tropical cyclone science depends inter alia on being able to articulate a clear and consistent picture of the hypothesized intensification process and its dependencies on key flow parameters. The credibility depends also on being able to test the hypothesized mechanisms using observations, numerical models, or theoretical analyses. The second purpose of the paper is to carry out new numerical experiments using a state‐of‐the‐art numerical model to test a recent hypothesis invoking the WISHE feedback mechanism during the rapid intensification phase of a tropical cyclone. The results obtained herein, in conjunction with prior work, do not support this recent hypothesis and refute the view that the WISHE intensification mechanism is the essential mechanism of tropical cyclone intensification in the idealized problem that historically has been used to underpin the paradigm. This second objective is important because it presents a simple way of testing the hypothesized intensification mechanism and shows that the mechanism is neither essential nor the dominant mode of intensification for the prototype intensification problem. In view of the operational, societal, and scientific interest in the physics of tropical cyclone intensification, we believe this paper will be of broad interest to the atmospheric science community and the findings should be useful in both the classroom setting and frontier research.
CH Bond Activation by Metal–Superoxo Species: What Drives High Reactivity?
Authors: Ansari Azaj , Jayapal Prabha , Rajaraman Gopalan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMetal–superoxo species are ubiquitous in metalloenzymes and bioinorganic chemistry and are known for their high reactivity and their ability to activate inert CH bonds. The comparative oxidative abilities of M–O2.− species (M=CrIII, MnIII, FeIII, and CuII) towards CH bond activation reaction are presented. These superoxo species generated by oxygen activation are found to be aggressive oxidants compared to their high‐valent metal–oxo counterparts generated by O⋅⋅⋅O bond cleavage. Our calculations illustrate the superior oxidative abilities of FeIII– and MnIII–superoxo species compared to the others and suggest that the reactivity may be correlated to the magnetic exchange parameter.
Impact of moisture and plasticizer properties on polymer–plasticizer physical mixing performance
Authors: Ho Raimundo , Sun Yan , Chen Bei 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe ability for polymers and additives to physically mix in many industrial applications is dictated by a combination of kinetic and thermodynamic factors. The presence of moisture may complicate the mixing performance as water can interact at various degrees with each of the components; this depends on the hydrophilicity of the materials. In this study, the physical mixing behavior of a ternary system consisting of a hygroscopic polymer (copovidone), a plasticizer, and water was examined. Three different liquid plasticizers with a range of hydrophilic–lipophilic properties and viscosities were evaluated for their physical mixing performance and the impact of their water content. Inverse gas chromatography was introduced as a new method for measuring the surface characteristics of the physical mixtures to quantify the mixing performance. Through the application of the Flory–Huggins model to understand the thermodynamic behavior of the system, it was shown that mixing was less effective in a system of high water content for a hydrophobic plasticizer. However, the underlying thermodynamic unfavorability of such a system could be overcome by kinetic influence to provide a good mixing performance. Specifically, as the viscosity of the plasticizer decreased, the influence of the thermodynamic characteristics was found to become less apparent. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41679.
Game‐Based Valley‐Fill Charging Coordination for Large‐Population Plug‐in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Ma Zhongjing , Ran Long 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCharging coordination of large‐population autonomous plug‐in electric vehicles (PEVs) in the power grid can be formulated as a class of constrained optimization problems. To overcome the computational complexity, a game‐based method is proposed for the charging problems of the PEV population, which is composed of homogeneous subpopulations, such that individuals update their best charging strategies simultaneously with respect to a common electricity price determined by the total demand. To mitigate the oscillation behavior caused by the greedy behavior for the cheap electricity by individuals, a deviation cost is introduced to penalize against the deviation of the individual strategy from the average value of the homogeneous subpopulation. By adopting a proper deviation cost and following a best strategy update mechanism, the game systems may converge to the socially optimal valley‐fill Nash equilibrium. Simulation examples are studied to illustrate the results.
Synthesis and thermoluminescence characterizations of Sr2B5O9Cl:Dy3+ phosphor for TL dosimetry
Authors: Oza Abha H. , Dhoble N. S. , Park K. , Dhoble S. J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) displayed by Dy‐activated strontium haloborate (Sr2B5O9Cl) were studied. A modified solid‐state reaction was employed for the preparation of the phosphor. Photoluminescence spectra showed blue (484 nm) and yellow (575 nm) emissions due to incorporation of Dy3+ into host matrix. The Dy‐doped (0.5 mol%) Sr2B5O9Cl was studied after exposure to γ‐irradiation and revealed a prominent glow curve at 261°C with a small hump around 143°C indicating that two types of traps were generated. The glow peak at the higher temperature side (261°C) was more stable than the lower temperature glow peak. The TL intensity was 1.17 times less than that of the standard CaSO4:Dy thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) phosphor, the phosphor showed a linear dose–response curve for different γ‐ray irradiation doses (0.002–1.25 Gy) and fading of 5–7% was observed for higher temperature peaks upon storage. Trapping parameters and their estimated error values have been calculated by Chen's peak shape method and by the initial rise method. Values of activation energies estimated by both these techniques were comparable. The slight difference in activation energy values calculated by Chen's peak shape method indicated the formation of two kinds of traps Furthermore, slight differences in frequency values are due to various escaping and retrapping probabilities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trace analysis of N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine using luminol–H2O2 chemiluminescence system catalyzed by silver nanoparticles
Authors: Samadi‐Maybodi Abdolraouf , Akhoondi Reza 
Published: November 2014

AbstractN‐Acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) can inhibit the luminol–H2O2, reaction, which is catalyzed by silver nanoparticles. Based on this phenomenon a new method was developed for NAC determination. Under optimum conditions, a linear relationship between chemiluminescence intensity and NAC concentration was found in the range 0.034–0.98 µg/mL. The detection limit was 0.010 µg/mL (S/N =3), and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was <5% for 0.480 µg/mL NAC (n =5). This simple, sensitive and inexpensive method has been applied to measure the concentration of NAC in pharmaceutical tablets. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectroscopic analysis on structure–affinity relationship in the interactions of different oleanane‐type triterpenoids with bovine serum albumin
Authors: Hou Jia , Wang Zhenzhong , Yue Ying , Li Qian , Shao Shijun 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOleanane‐type triterpenoids serve as an important group of plant secondary metabolites with a variety of biological activities and the C‐3 position substitution pattern is a significant structural feature for their biological activities. Three selected oleanane‐type triterpenoids (glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, and carbenoxolone) bearing different substituents (glucuronic acid dimer, hydroxyl, and succinyl groups) at the C‐3 position were studied for their affinities to bind bovine serum albumin (BSA) by steady‐state fluorescence, synchronous, three‐dimensional fluorescence and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectra. The binding mechanism of the triterpenoids to BSA is due to the formation of the triterpenoids–BSA complex and the binding affinity is strongest for carbenoxolone and ranked in the order carbenoxolone > glycyrrhetinic acid > glycyrrhizin. The thermodynamic parameters calculated at different temperatures showed that triterpenoids binding to BSA primarily depended on hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding. The distance between the bound triterpenoid and BSA was determined on the basis of the Förster's energy transfer theory. Displacement experiments using phenylbutazone and ibuprofen showed the binding site of triterpenoids on BSA at subdomain IIA (Sudlow's site I). The effect of triterpenoids on BSA conformation was analyzed by UV–vis absorption, and synchronous and three‐dimensional fluorescence spectra. These results revealed that the C‐3 position substitution pattern significantly affects the structure–affinity relationships of oleanane‐type triterpenoid binding to BSA and further affects the bioavailability of triterpenoids in the blood circulatory system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SERS quantitative detection of trace human chorionic gonadotropin using a label‐free Victoria blue B as probe in the aggregated immunonanogold sol substrate
Authors: Ma Lu , Wen Guiqing , Ye Lingling , Lu Zujun , Luo Yanghe , Liang Aihui , Jiang Zhiliang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNanogold particles (NG) were modified by anti‐rabbit antibody (RAb) against human chorionic gonadotropin to obtain an immunonanogold probe (ING). In pH 7.0 Na2HPO4‐citrate buffer solution containing KCl, ING probes formed large aggregates in which Victoria blue B (VBB) molecules were adsorbed on the surface and which exhibited strong surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) at a peak of 1612 cm–1. After addition of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) an immune reaction with the ING probe occurred to form dispersive ING–hCG complexes with non‐SERS activity that led to a decreased SERS peak at 1612 cm–1. The decreased SERS intensity was linear to the concentration of hCG over 2.4–73.2 ng/mL. The ING reaction was studied in detail by SERS, scanning electron microscope (SEM), resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS), surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption and laser scattering techniques. SERS quenching was observed and discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermally stimulated luminescence glow curve structure of β‐irradiated CaB4O7:Dy
Authors: Akın Aycan , Ekdal Elçin , Tuncer Arslanlar Yasemin , Ayvacıklı Mehmet , Karalı Turgay , Can Nurdoğan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThermally stimulated luminescence glow curves of CaB4O7:Dy samples after β‐irradiation showed glow peaks at ~335, 530 and 675 K, with a heating rate of 2 K/s. The main peak at 530 K was analyzed using the Tmax–Tstop method and was found to be composed of at least five overlapping glow peaks. A curve‐fitting program was used to perform computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) analysis of the complex peak of the dosimetric material of interest. The kinetic parameters, namely activation energy (E) and frequency factor (s), associated with the main glow peak of CaB4O7:Dy at 520 K were evaluated using peak shape (PS) and isothermal luminescence decay (ILD) methods. In addition, the kinetics was determined to be first order (b =1) by applying the additive dose method. The activation energies and frequency factors obtained using PS and ILD methods are calculated to be 0.72 and 0.72 eV and 8.76 × 105 and 1.44 × 106/s, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐fat diet‐induced met‐hemoglobin formation in rats prone (WOKW) or resistant (DA) to the metabolic syndrome: Effect of CoQ10 supplementation
Authors: Orlando Patrick , Silvestri Sonia , Brugè Francesca , Tiano Luca , Kloting Ingrid , Falcioni Giancarlo , Polidori Carlo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a high‐fat diet (HFD) on oxidative indexes in WistarOttawaKarlsburg W (WOKW) rats used as a model of metabolic syndrome in comparison with Dark Agouti (DA) rats used as a control strain. This syndrome is defined by the occurrence of two or more risk factors including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Forty rats were used in the study and the effect of HFD was evaluated in terms of body weight and both hemoglobin and CoQ oxidative status. Moreover, 16 rats (8 of each strain) were supplemented with 3 mg/100 g b.w. of CoQ10 for 1 month in view of its beneficial properties in cardiovascular disease due to its antioxidant activity in the lipid environment. HFD promoted an increase in body weight, in particular in WOKW males, and in the methemoglobin (met‐Hb) index in both strains. Moreover, HFD promoted endogenous CoQ10 oxidation. CoQ10 supplementation was able to efficiently counteract the HFD pro‐oxidant effects, preventing met‐Hb formation and CoQ oxidation. © 2014 BioFactors, 40(6):603–609, 2014
The effect of local dynamics of Atto 390‐labeled lysozyme on fluorescence anisotropy modeling
Authors: Babcock Jeremiah J. , Brancaleon Lorenzo 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTFluorescence anisotropy decay is a popular optical technique to study the structure, size, shape, and even functions of biomolecules. The method measures the time dependence of the depolarization of a fluorophore and is therefore sensitive to the changes in the rotational motion (e.g., aggregation and binding) or changes in the mobility of segments of biopolymers (such as the ones associated with tertiary structure changes). Fluorescence anisotropy decay often requires the use of fluorescent dyes that need to be covalently attached to the biomolecule. The location of the attachment on the biomolecule (e.g., a protein) and the linker used, affect the mobility of the dye and its anisotropy decay. With this study we have combined the experimental data with molecular dynamic simulations to offer a more correct interpretation of the fluorescence anisotropy decay of a popular fluorescent dye (Atto 390) attached to the N‐terminus of Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL). Our model showed how the use of relatively simple molecular dynamics computation to simulate the motion of the dye, provide a model to interpret the experimental fluorescence anisotropy decay that yields a better estimate of the hydrodynamic radius of HEWL. The improvement is provided by a more detailed description of the segmental motion of the dye attached to the protein. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 285–295, 2015.
Primary care physician characteristics associated with cancer screening: a retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Lofters Aisha K. , Ng Ryan , Lobb Rebecca 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPrimary care physicians can serve as both facilitators and barriers to cancer screening, particularly for under‐screened groups such as immigrant patients. The objective of this study was to inform physician‐targeted interventions by identifying primary care physician characteristics associated with cancer screening for their eligible patients, for their eligible immigrant patients, and for foreign‐trained physicians, for their eligible immigrant patients from the same world region. A population‐based retrospective cohort study was performed, looking back 3 years from 31 December 2010. The study was performed in urban primary care practices in Ontario, Canada's largest province. A total of 6303 physicians serving 1,156,627 women eligible for breast cancer screening, 2,730,380 women eligible for cervical screening, and 2,260,569 patients eligible for colorectal screening participated. Appropriate breast screening was defined as at least one mammogram in the previous 2 years, appropriate cervical screening was defined as at least one Pap test in the previous 3 years, and appropriate colorectal screening as at least one fecal occult blood test in the previous 2 years or at least one colonoscopy or barium enema in the previous 10 years. Just fewer than 40% of physicians were female, and 26.1% were foreign trained. In multivariable analyses, physicians who attended medical schools in the Caribbean/Latin America, the Middle East/North Africa, South Asia, and Western Europe were less likely to screen their patients than Canadian graduates. South Asian‐trained physicians were significantly less likely to screen South Asian women for cervical cancer than other foreign‐trained physicians who were seeing region‐congruent patients (adjusted odds ratio: 0.56 [95% confidence interval 0.32–0.98] versus physicians from the USA, Australia and New Zealand). South Asian patients were the most vulnerable to under‐screening, and decreasing patient income quintile was consistently associated with lower likelihood of screening, although less so for immigrant patients. This study highlights certain physician characteristics that are associated with cancer screening for eligible patients, including immigrant patients, and that should be considered when designing physician‐targeted interventions. We have also highlighted an ethnic community, South Asians, which requires particular attention, both among its patients and its primary care providers. Future research should further explore the reasons for these findings.
Example, please! Comparing the effects of single customer reviews and aggregate review scores on online shoppers' product evaluations
Authors: Ziegele Marc , Weber Mathias 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMany websites of online retail stores display two forms of electronic word of mouth on a single product site, namely single customer reviews and aggregate review scores. This study compares the effects of simultaneously presented single customer reviews and aggregate review scores on product evaluations of visitors of online retail stores. We hypothesize that well‐argued single customer reviews should be more influential than aggregate review scores that display the mean rating of all published reviews of a product. Drawing on a 2 × 2 factorial online experiment, we show that a single customer review is effective, even when potential buyers do not perceive it as representing overall customer satisfaction. Effects of the aggregate review score are weaker and completely mediated by a potential buyer's estimate of overall customer satisfaction. Trust in product reviews as a credible source of product‐related communication moderates some of these effects. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Single Crystal Growth and Structural Characterization of Ternary Transition‐metal Uranium Oxides: MnUO4, FeUO4, and NiU2O6.
Authors: Read Cory M. , Smith Mark D. , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSingle crystals of MnUO4 (I) are prepared from U3O8 and MnCl2 in a molten CsCl flux (alumina crucible, 900 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Growth, Spectroscopic Properties and Energy Levels of Cr3+:Li2Mg2(WO4)3: A Candidate for Broadband Laser Application.
Authors: Li Lingyun , Yu Yan , Wang Guofu , Zhang Lizhen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA Cr3+‐doped Li2Mg2(WO4)3 crystal with dimension of 40 x 10 mm2 is prepared by the top‐seeded solution growth method from a mixture of Li2Mg2(WO4)3, Li2WO4, WO3, and Cr2O3 in a molar ratio of 1:15:4:0.01 (Pt crucible, 1000 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The New Phase [Tl4Sb6Se10] [Sn5Sb2Se14]: A Naturally Formed Semiconducting Heterostructure with Two‐Dimensional Conductance.
Authors: Fang Lei , Iyer Ratnasabapathy G. , Tan Gangjian , West Damien J. , Zhang Shengbai , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe title semiconductor with an indirect band gap of 0.45 eV is synthesized from a stoichiometric mixture of Tl, Sn, Sb2Se3, and Se (carbon‐coated quartz tube, 530 °C, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: ZrSe3‐Type Variant of TiS3: Structure and Thermoelectric Properties.
Authors: Guilmeau Emmanuel , Berthebaud David , Misse Patrick R. N. , Hebert Sylvie , Lebedev Oleg I. , Chateigner Daniel , Martin Christine , Maignan Antoine 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA dense TiS3 sample is prepared by solid state reaction of a 1:4 mixture of Ti and S (evacuated quartz ampoule, 600 °C) followed by spark plasma sintering in vacuum and subsequent hot press molding (600 °C, 50 MPa, 10 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Phase‐Controllable Synthesis, Shape Evolution and Optical Performances of CePO4 Nanocrystals via a Simple Oil‐Bath Route.
Authors: Chen Huanhuan , Ni Yonghong , Ma Xiang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNanosized CePO4 particles are synthesized from Ce(NO3)3 and KH2PO4 in ethylene glycol/H2O (oil bath, 110 °C, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Dimorphic Cerium(III) Oxoarsenate(III) Ce[AsO3].
Authors: Ledderboge Florian , Metzger Sebastian J. , Heymann Gunter , Huppertz Hubert , Schleid Thomas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractColorless single crystals of α‐PbSeO3‐type Ce[AsO3] are prepared by reaction of Ce powder and As2O3 in a CsCl flux (silica tube, 750 °C, 4 d).