bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sampling Glacial Lake Littoral Fish Assemblages with Four Gears
Authors: Dembkowski Daniel J. , Wuellner Melissa R. , Willis David W. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Littoral zone fish assemblages are important components of freshwater lakes. Monitoring of littoral fish assemblage structure is important because littoral fishes often comprise the majority of the entire fish assemblage, and fluctuations in the structure and abundance of the littoral fish assemblage can influence trophic interactions and fishery yields at the ecosystem level. Single-gear sampling designs, however, may only capture a subset of the fish assemblage, resulting in a skewed representation of fish assemblage structure. Use of multiple gears can be justified if they provide complementary fish assemblage information. Our objective was to compare glacial lake fish assemblage structure as represented by four gears and to assess whether the gears provide redundant or complementary fish assemblage information. Two northeastern South Dakota glacial lakes were sampled with a beach seine, benthic sled, drop net, and push trawl in August 2011. Results indicated that fish assemblage structure did not differ significantly among gears. However, fish assemblage descriptors (metrics of species richness, diversity, dominance, and evenness) and rates of species accumulation did differ among gears; in comparison with the drop net, the beach seine, benthic sled, and push trawl collected more individuals with qualitatively greater species richness and diversity at a faster rate. The beach seine collected the most individuals representing the greatest number of species with the least amount of sampling effort (i.e., fastest rate of species accumulation); thus, we recommend the use of beach seines for monitoring and assessment of littoral fish assemblages in glacial lakes.
Received March 16, 2012; accepted August 16, 2012
Stresses in the plantar region for long‐ and short‐range throws in women basketball players
Authors: Pau Massimiliano , Ciuti Carla 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study aimed to assess plantar pressure pattern modifications caused by short‐ and long‐distance shots in women basketball players. To this end, 24 experienced national‐ and regional‐level basketball players performed 3 trials of 4 technical gestures (free throw, jump stop shot, three‐point shot and lay‐up) barefoot on a pressure platform placed in fixed positions on the court. Raw data were processed to calculate location and magnitude of pressure peaks in three sub‐regions (forefoot, midfoot and rearfoot), and the increase ratio was calculated relative to plantar pressure measured during a static bipedal and unipedal upright stance. The results showed significant increases (p<0.001) in plantar pressure peaks in forefoot (but not midfoot and rearfoot) for all the gestures that involved the use of both legs. Particularly large increases were detected for the three‐point shot. All three sub‐regions underwent significant changes of the pressure peak in the case of lay‐up (forefoot and rearfoot: p<0.001, midfoot: p=0.002). The high levels of contact stress detected for routinely performed technical gestures suggest that a detailed knowledge of changes in the physiological patterns of plantar stresses that take place during play is crucial in reducing the risk of foot injuries and establishing proper training and rehabilitation protocols.
Decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in the human heart with left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Authors: Stride Nis , Larsen Steen , Hey‐Mogensen Martin , Sander Kåre , Lund Jens T. , Gustafsson Finn , Køber Lars , Dela Flemming 
Published: November 2012

AimsHeart failure (HF) with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) is associated with a shift in substrate utilization and a compromised energetic state. Whether these changes are connected with mitochondrial dysfunction is not known. We hypothesized that the cardiac phenotype in LVSD could be caused by reduced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity and reduced mitochondrial creatine kinase (miCK) capacity. The study aim was to test mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity in LVSD myocardium compared with OXPHOS capacity in a comparable patient group without LVSD.Methods and resultsMyocardial biopsies were obtained from the left ventricle during cardiac valve or left ventricular assist device (LVAD) surgery. Patients were stratified according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) into LVSD (LVEF <45%, n = 14) or CONTROL (LVEF >45%, n = 15). Mitochondrial respiration was measured in muscle fibres with addition of non‐fatty acid substrates or octanoyl‐l‐carnitine, a medium chain fatty acid (MCFA). The in situ enzyme capacity of miCK was determined from APD titrations in the presence or absence of creatine. Maximal OXPHOS capacity with non‐fatty acid substrates was lower in the LVSD group compared with the CONTROL group (P ≤ 0.05). ADP sensitivity always increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with the addition of creatine, after which the sensitivity was highest (P ≤ 0.05) in LVSD compared with CONTROL. The stimulation of OXPHOS from octanoyl‐l‐carnitine titrations elicited ∼40% lower respiration in LVSD compared with CONTROL (P ≤ 0.05).ConclusionHuman LVSD is associated with markedly diminished OXPHOS capacity, particularly in MCFA oxidation. This offers a candidate mechanism for a compromised energetic state and decreased reliance on fatty acid utilization in HF.
Increasing Surgical Experience with Off-Pump Coronary Surgery Does Not Mitigate the Morbidity of Emergency Conversion to Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Hemli Jonathan M. , Patel Nirav C. , Subramanian Valavanur A. 
Published: November 2012

Objective Emergency conversion during off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) confers significant morbidity. We sought to determine whether the outcomes in these patients have changed as our experience with off-pump techniques has increased. Methods Between January 1999 and December 2010, 4763 patients underwent coronary artery surgery. An off-pump strategy was attempted in 4415 cases (92.7%). The results of the most recent 50 patients who required emergency conversion were compared with the preceding 50 conversions and with patients who underwent either OPCAB (n = 2737) or on-pump coronary surgery (coronary artery bypass grafting) (n = 268) during the same time frame. Results The emergency conversion rate was 2.27% (n = 100), being 2.97% for the first 50 cases and 1.77% for the subsequent 50 patients. The two sequential groups of emergency conversions had similar indications and timing of conversion and comparable outcomes. When compared with patients who underwent OPCAB, the more recent 50 conversions had higher mortality (P = 0.002) and more frequent sternal wound infection (P = 0.036), hemorrhage requiring reoperation (P = 0.003), respiratory failure (P < 0.0001), and all-cause sepsis (P = 0.001). Compared with the on-pump group, the more recent conversions had higher mortality (P = 0.055) and a greater rate of postoperative sepsis (P = 0.002). Conclusions The incidence of emergency conversion during OPCAB has decreased with increasing surgical experience; however, the morbidity in these patients remains essentially unchanged. The outcomes in these patients remain worse than those in nonconverted patients. Safer bailout strategies during OPCAB are still warranted.
Drug, Devices, Technologies, and Techniques for Blood Management in Minimally Invasive and Conventional Cardiothoracic Surgery a Consensus Statement from the International Society for Minimally Invasive Cardiothoracic Surgery (ISMICS) 2011
Authors: Menkis Alan H. , Martin Janet , Cheng Davy C.H. , Fitzgerald David C. , Freedman John J. , Gao Changqing , Koster Andreas , Mackenzie G. Scott , Murphy Gavin J. , Spiess Bruce , Ad Niv 
Published: November 2012

Objective The objectives of this consensus conference were to evaluate the evidence for the efficacy and safety of perioperative drugs, technologies, and techniques in reducing allogeneic blood transfusion for adults undergoing cardiac surgery and to develop evidence-based recommendations for comprehensive perioperative blood management in cardiac surgery, with emphasis on minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Methods The consensus panel short-listed the potential topics for review from a comprehensive list of potential drugs, devices, technologies, and techniques. The process of short-listing was based on the need to prioritize and focus on the areas of highest importance to surgeons, anesthesiologists, perfusionists, hematologists, and allied health care involved in the management of patients who undergo cardiac surgery whether through the conventional or minimally invasive approach. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched from their date of inception to May 2011, and supplemental hand searches were also performed. Detailed methodology and search strategies are outlined in each of the subsequently published systematic reviews. In general, all relevant synonyms for drugs (antifibrinolytic, aprotinin, ∊-aminocaproic acid, tranexamic acid [TA], desmopressin, anticoagulants, heparin, antiplatelets, anti-Xa agents, adenosine diphosphate inhibitors, acetylsalicylic acid [ASA], factor VIIa [FVIIa]), technologies (cell salvage, miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuits, biocompatible circuits, ultrafiltration), and techniques (transfusion thresholds, minimally invasive cardiac or aortic surgery) were searched and combined with terms for blood, red blood cells, fresh-frozen plasma, platelets, transfusion, and allogeneic exposure. The American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology system was used to label the level of evidence and class of each recommendation. Results and Recommendations Database search identified more than 6900 articles, with 4423 full-text randomized controlled trials assessed for eligibility, and the final 125 systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used in the consensus conference. The results of the consensus conference, including the evidence-based statements and the recommendations, are outlined in the text, with references given for the relevant evidence that formed the basis for the statements and recommendations.
Comparative Analysis of Syntenic Genes in Grass Genomes Reveals Accelerated Rates of Gene Structure and Coding Sequence Evolution in Polyploid Wheat
Authors: Akhunov Eduard D. , Sehgal Sunish , Liang Hanquan , Wang Shichen , Akhunova Alina R. , Kaur Gaganpreet , Li Wanlong , Forrest Kerrie L. , See Deven , Šimková Hana , Ma Yaqin , Hayden Matthew J. , Luo Mingcheng , Faris Justin D. , Doležel Jaroslav , Gill Bikram S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCycles of whole-genome duplication (WGD) and diploidization are hallmarks of eukaryotic genome evolution and speciation. Polyploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) has had a massive increase in genome size largely due to recent WGDs. How these processes may impact the dynamics of gene evolution was studied by comparing the patterns of gene structure changes, alternative splicing (AS), and codon substitution rates among wheat and model grass genomes. In orthologous gene sets, significantly more acquired and lost exonic sequences were detected in wheat than in model grasses. In wheat, 35% of these gene structure rearrangements resulted in frame-shift mutations and premature termination codons. An increased codon mutation rate in the wheat lineage compared with Brachypodium distachyon was found for 17% of orthologs. The discovery of premature termination codons in 38% of expressed genes was consistent with ongoing pseudogenization of the wheat genome. The rates of AS within the individual wheat subgenomes (21%–25%) were similar to diploid plants. However, we uncovered a high level of AS pattern divergence between the duplicated homeologous copies of genes. Our results are consistent with the accelerated accumulation of AS isoforms, nonsynonymous mutations, and gene structure rearrangements in the wheat lineage, likely due to genetic redundancy created by WGDs. Whereas these processes mostly contribute to the degeneration of a duplicated genome and its diploidization, they have the potential to facilitate the origin of new functional variations, which, upon selection in the evolutionary lineage, may play an important role in the origin of novel traits.
Effects of betamethasone on neuropathic pain in a rat spare nerve injury model
Authors: Wang Qiu Shi , Jiang Yan Hua , Wang Tie Dong , Xiao Ting , Wang Jun Ke 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARY

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of glucocorticoids on neuropathic pain using a rat spare nerve injury (SNI) model.

Eighty rats were treated divided into the following groups: (i) a sham‐operated group; (ii) a group subjected to SNI (S); (iii) a group subjected to SNI and administered 4 μg betamethasone intrathecally (D1); and (iv) a group subjected to SNI and administered 1 mg betamethasone at the site of nerve injury (D2). The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal duration (TWD) were measured 1 day before and the 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after SNI. Glial fibrillary acidic protein, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐1β levels in spinal cord tissue were quantified 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after SNI.

The MWT was significantly higher in the D2 compared with S group 3–14 days after surgery and compared with the D1 group 7 and 14 days after surgery (P < 0.05). The TWD was significantly lower in the D2 group compared with the S and D2 groups 3–14 days after surgery (P < 0.05). Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression was significantly lower in the D1 and D2 groups compared with the S group 3–14 days after surgery (P < 0.05). Glucocorticoid receptor expression was significantly higher in the D1 group compared with the S and D2 groups after surgery (P < 0.05). Levels of TNF‐α and IL‐1β were significantly lower in the D1 and D2 groups compared with the S group at all time points after surgery (P < 0.05).

Betamethasone suppressed astrocyte activation and increases in TNF‐α and IL‐1β levels in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Local injection of betamethasone resulted in smaller increases in spinal GR expression and more pronounced improvement in pain behaviour compared with intrathecal injection.
Microbial and functional diversity of a subterrestrial high pH groundwater associated to serpentinization
Authors: Tiago Igor , Veríssimo António 
Published: November 2012

SummaryMicrobial and functional diversity were assessed, from a serpentinization‐driven subterrestrial alkaline aquifer – Cabeço de Vide Aquifer (CVA) in Portugal. DGGE analyses revealed the presence of a stable microbial community. By 16S rRNA gene libraries and pyrosequencing analyses, a diverse bacterial composition was determined, contrasting with low archaeal diversity. Within Bacteria the majority of the populations were related to organisms or sequences affiliated to class Clostridia, but members of classes Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Deinococci, Gammaproteobacteria and of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi and Nitrospira were also detected. Domain Archaea encompassed mainly sequences affiliated to Euryarchaeota. Only form I RuBisCO – cbbL was detected. Autotrophic carbon fixation via the rTCA, 3‐HP and 3‐HP/4H‐B cycles could not be confirmed. The detected APS reductase alpha subunit – aprA sequences were phylogenetically related to sequences of sulfate‐reducing bacteria belonging to Clostridia, and also to sequences of chemolithoautothrophic sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria belonging to Betaproteobacteria. Sequences of methyl coenzyme M reductase – mcrA were phylogenetically affiliated to sequences belonging to Anaerobic Methanotroph group 1 (ANME‐1). The populations found and the functional key markers detected in CVA suggest that metabolisms related to H2, methane and/or sulfur may be the major driving forces in this environment.
Occurrence of endosulphan residues in dairy milk in plains of Uttarakhand, India: Short communication
Authors: Karabasanavar Nagappa S , Singh Suresh P 
Published: November 2012

Endosulphan residues were determined in milk samples collected from various locations of plains of Uttarakhand covering Tarai and Kumaon regions. Residues were extracted from milk by liquid–liquid partition followed by clean‐up by alumina column chromatography. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the detection and quantification of residues. Of the total 170 milk samples collected from different species, 1.17% samples showed residues of endosulphan‐alpha; 2.35% endosulphan β and 4.7% milk samples showed endosulphan‐sulphate residues with mean residual concentrations of 0.244, 0.566 and 0.265 μg/mL, respectively. About 6.47% of milk samples showed endosulphan residues above the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.1 mg/kg.
Predictors of elective pregnancy termination among women diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy in two regions of China, 2004–2010
Authors: Liang K , Meyers K , Zeng W , Gui X 
Published: November 2012

Please cite this paper as: Liang K, Meyers K, Zeng W, Gui X. Predictors of elective pregnancy termination among women diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy in two regions of China, 2004–2010. BJOG 2013;120:1207–1214.Objective  To document the rates of abortion among women diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy in two regions of China, and to investigate the sociodemographic factors associated with women’s decisions to terminate their pregnancy.Design  Prospective cohort study.Setting  Three central Chinese provinces (Hubei, Hebei and Shanxi) and Yining, Xinjiang.Population  Women diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy, 2004–2010.Methods  Of 798 HIV‐infected pregnant women identified through routine screening of pregnant women via antenatal care between 2004 and 2010, 499 women made decisions about the outcome of pregnancy. Chi‐squared test was used to describe the characteristics of women who chose to terminate their pregnancies. Logistic regression models were used to identify potential predictors for pregnancy outcome for one cohort of women in central China and a second cohort of women in Yining, Xinjiang.Main outcome measures  Pregnancy outcome, trends of elective pregnancy termination.Results  In the central China cohort, 76 of 161 pregnancies (47.2%) were terminated. In Yining, the proportion was significantly less, at only 61 of 338 (18.0%). Factors associated with pregnancy termination included unmarried marital status, already having one or more children and earlier trimester of pregnancy at the time of diagnosis.Conclusions  The rate of pregnancy termination in these cohorts of HIV‐infected women appears to be higher than the rate in the general population of women in China. More work needs to be carried out to decrease the social stigma related to HIV and to convey clear messages about the effectiveness of prevention of mother to child transmission to women and their families. The significantly lower rate of pregnancy termination in Yining relative to central China is probably a result of the cultural and religious reservations towards pregnancy termination. Healthcare workers providing services to HIV‐infected pregnant women need to be sensitive to cultural factors influencing women’s decisions with regard to pregnancy termination.
The effect of a counselling intervention on weight changes during and after pregnancy: a randomised trial
Authors: Althuizen E , van der Wijden CL , van Mechelen W , Seidell JC , van Poppel MNM 
Published: November 2012

Objectives  To evaluate the effects of a counselling intervention on excessive weight gain during pregnancy and postpartum weight retention.Design  The New Life(style) study was a randomised trial with a control group (n = 113) and an intervention group (n = 106).Setting  Midwife practices in the Netherlands.Population  Women with a healthy pregnancy, expecting their first baby.Methods  The intervention consisted of four face‐to‐face counselling sessions about weight, physical activity and diet during pregnancy, and one session by telephone after delivery.Main outcome measures  Weight was objectively assessed at 15, 25 and 35 weeks of gestation, and again at 8, 26 and 52 weeks postpartum. In regression models, the intervention effect on gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention was assessed.Results  Women gained on average 11.3 kg (SD 3.7 kg) from early to late pregnancy. Women were 1.0 kg (SD 5.3 kg) lighter at 52 weeks postpartum compared with early pregnancy. The intervention had no effect on gestational weight gain (B = −0.05; 95% CI −1.10 to 1.00) or postpartum weight (B = 0.94; 95% CI −2.41 to 0.53) in the total study group. In a subgroup of overweight and obese women (n = 47), a favourable trend on all outcomes was observed, but none of the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion  The lifestyle counselling intervention evaluated in this study did not have an effect on excessive weight gain or postpartum weight retention. Our findings for overweight and obese women need to be confirmed in a larger, well‐designed randomised trial.
Prevalence and risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse 20 years after childbirth: a national cohort study in singleton primiparae after vaginal or caesarean delivery
Authors: Gyhagen M , Bullarbo M , Nielsen TF , Milsom I 
Published: November 2012

Please cite this paper as: Gyhagen M, Bullarbo M, Nielsen T, Milsom I. Prevalence and risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse 20 years after childbirth: a national cohort study in singleton primiparae after vaginal or caesarean delivery. BJOG 2012; DOI : 10.1111/1471‐0528.12020.Objective  To investigate prevalence and risk factors for symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (sPOP) and sPOP concomitant with urinary incontinence (UI) in women 20 years after one vaginal delivery or one caesarean delivery.Design  Registry‐based national cohort study.Setting  Women who returned a postal questionnaire in 2008 (response rate 65.2%).Population  Singleton primiparae with a birth in 1985–88 and no further births (n = 5236).Methods  The SWEPOP study used validated questionnaires about sPOP and UI.Main outcome measures  Prevalence rate and risk of sPOP with or without concomitant UI.Results  Prevalence of sPOP was higher after vaginal delivery compared with caesarean section (14.6 versus 6.3%, odds ratio [OR] 2.55; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.98–3.28) but was not increased after acute compared with elective caesarean section. Episiotomy, vacuum extraction and second‐degree or more laceration were not associated with increased risk of sPOP compared with spontaneous vaginal delivery. Symptomatic POP increased 3% (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01–1.05) with each unit increase of current BMI and by 3% (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.02–1.05) for each 100 g increase of infant birthweight. Mothers ≤160 cm who delivered a child with birthweight ≥4000 g had a doubled prevalence of sPOP compared with short mothers who delivered an infant weighing <4000 g (24.2 versus 13.4%, OR 2.06; 95% CI 1.19–3.55). Women with sPOP had UI and UI > 10 years more often than women without prolapse.Conclusion  The prevalence of sPOP was doubled after vaginal delivery compared with caesarean section, two decades after one birth. Infant birthweight and current BMI were risk factors for sPOP after vaginal delivery.