bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical probing of field-driven cascading quantized transitions of skyrmion cluster states in MnSi nanowires
Authors: Du Haifeng , Liang Dong , Jin Chiming , Kong Lingyao , Stolt Matthew J. , Ning Wei , Yang Jiyong , Xing Ying , Wang Jian , Che Renchao , Zang Jiadong , Jin Song , Zhang Yuheng , Tian Mingliang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMagnetic skyrmions are topologically stable whirlpool-like spin textures that offer great promise as information carriers for future spintronic devices. To enable such applications, particular attention has been focused on the properties of skyrmions in highly confined geometries such as one-dimensional nanowires. Hitherto, it is still experimentally unclear what happens when the width of the nanowire is comparable to that of a single skyrmion. Here, we achieve this by measuring the magnetoresistance in ultra-narrow MnSi nanowires. We observe quantized jumps in magnetoresistance versus magnetic field curves. By tracking the size dependence of the jump number, we infer that skyrmions are assembled into cluster states with a tunable number of skyrmions, in agreement with the Monte Carlo simulations. Our results enable an electric reading of the number of skyrmions in the cluster states, thus laying a solid foundation to realize skyrmion-based memory devices.
Regression of Gastric Cancer by Systemic Injection of RNA Nanoparticles Carrying both Ligand and siRNA
Authors: Cui Daxiang , Zhang Chunlei , Liu Bing , Shu Yi , Du Tong , Shu Dan , Wang Kan , Dai Fangping , Liu Yanlei , Li Chao , Pan Fei , Yang Yuming , Ni Jian , Li Hui , Brand-Saberi Beate , Guo Peixuan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. RNA nanotechnology has recently emerged as an important field due to recent finding of its high thermodynamic stability, favorable and distinctive in vivo attributes. Here we reported the use of the thermostable three-way junction (3WJ) of bacteriophage phi29 motor pRNA to escort folic acid, a fluorescent image marker and BRCAA1 siRNA for targeting, imaging, delivery, gene silencing and regression of gastric cancer in animal models. In vitro assay revealed that the RNA nanoparticles specifically bind to gastric cancer cells and knock-down the BRCAA1 gene. Apoptosis of gastric cancer cells was observed. Animal trials confirmed that these RNA nanoparticles could be used to image gastric cancer in vivo, while showing little accumulation in crucial organs and tissues. The volume of gastric tumors noticeably decreased during the course of treatment. No damage to important organs by RNA nanoparticles was detectible. All the results indicated that this novel RNA nanotechnology can overcome conventional cancer therapeutic limitations and opens new opportunities for specific delivery of therapeutics to stomach cancer without damaging normal cells and tissues, reduce the toxicity and side effect, improve the therapeutic effect and exhibit great potential in clinical tumor therapy.
Improved grazing management may increase soil carbon sequestration in temperate steppe
Authors: Chen Wenqing , Huang Ding , Liu Nan , Zhang Yingjun , Badgery Warwick B. , Wang Xiaoya , Shen Yue 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDifferent grazing strategies impact grassland plant production and may also regulate the soil carbon formation. For a site in semiarid temperate steppe, we studied the effect of combinations of rest, high and moderate grazing pressure over three stages of the growing season, on the process involved in soil carbon sequestration. Results show that constant moderate grazing (MMM) exhibited the highest root production and turnover accumulating the most soil carbon. While deferred grazing (RHM and RMH) sequestered less soil carbon compared to MMM, they showed higher standing root mass, maintained a more desirable pasture composition and had better ability to retain soil N. Constant high grazing pressure (HHH) caused diminished above- and belowground plant production, more soil N losses and an unfavorable microbial environment and had reduced carbon input. Reducing grazing pressure in the last grazing stage (HHM) still had a negative impact on soil carbon. Regression analyses show that adjusting stocking rate to ~5SE/ha with ~40% vegetation utilization rate can get the most carbon accrual. Overall, the soil carbon sequestration in the temperate grassland is affected by the grazing regime that is applied and grazing can be altered to improve soil carbon sequestration in the temperate steppe.
Structural colour in Chondrus crispus
Authors: Chandler Chris J. , Wilts Bodo D. , Vignolini Silvia , Brodie Juliet , Steiner Ullrich , Rudall Paula J. , Glover Beverley J. , Gregory Thomas , Walker Rachel H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe marine world is incredibly rich in brilliant and intense colours. Photonic structures are found in many different species and provide extremely complex optical responses that cannot be achieved solely by pigments. In this study we examine the cuticular structure of the red alga Chondrus crispus (Irish Moss) using anatomical and optical approaches. We experimentally measure the optical response of the multilayer structure in the cuticle. Using finite-difference time-domain modelling, we demonstrate conclusively for the first time that the dimensions and organisation of lamellae are responsible for the blue structural colouration on the surface of the fronds. Comparison of material along the apical-basal axis of the frond demonstrates that structural colour is confined to the tips of the thalli and show definitively that a lack of structural colour elsewhere corresponds with a reduction in the number of lamellae and the regularity of their ordering. Moreover, by studying the optical response for different hydration conditions, we demonstrate that the cuticular structure is highly porous and that the presence of water plays a critical role in its ability to act as a structural light reflector.
INC280, an orally available small molecule inhibitor of c-MET, reduces migration and adhesion in ovarian cancer cell models
Authors: Moran-Jones Kim , Brown Laura M. , Samimi Goli 
Published: July 2015

Abstract5-year survival rates for ovarian cancer are approximately 40% and for women diagnosed at late stage (the majority), just 27%. This indicates a dire need for new treatments to improve survival rates. Recent molecular characterization has greatly improved our understanding of the disease and allowed the identification of potential new targets. One such pathway of interest is the HGF/c-MET axis. Activation of the HGF/c-MET axis has been demonstrated in certain ovarian tumours and been found to be associated with decreased overall survival, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a novel, highly potent, orally-bioavailable c-MET inhibitor, INC280, in blocking cell phenotypes important in ovarian cancer metastasis. Using in vitro and ex vivo models, we demonstrate that INC280 inhibits HGF-induced c-MET and reduces downstream signalling. HGF-stimulated chemotactic and random migration are decreased by INC280 treatment, to levels seen in non-stimulated cells. Additionally, HGF-induced adhesion of cancer cells to peritoneal tissue is significantly decreased by INC280 treatment. Overall, these data indicate that INC280 inhibits many cell behaviours that promote ovarian cancer metastasis and merits further investigation as a therapeutic candidate in the treatment of patients with ovarian cancer.
A Novel High-Resolution and Sensitivity-Enhanced Three-Dimensional Solid-State NMR Experiment Under Ultrafast Magic Angle Spinning Conditions
Authors: Zhang Rongchun , Pandey Manoj Kumar , Nishiyama Yusuke , Ramamoorthy Ayyalusamy 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlthough magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR is a powerful technique to obtain atomic-resolution insights into the structure and dynamics of a variety of chemical and biological solids, poor sensitivity has severely limited its applications. In this study, we demonstrate an approach that suitably combines proton-detection, ultrafast-MAS and multiple frequency dimensions to overcome this limitation. With the utilization of proton-proton dipolar recoupling and double quantum (DQ) coherence excitation/reconversion radio-frequency pulses, very high-resolution proton-based 3D NMR spectra that correlate single-quantum (SQ), DQ and SQ coherences of biological solids have been obtained successfully for the first time. The proposed technique requires a very small amount of sample and does not need multiple radio-frequency (RF) channels. It also reveals information about the proximity between a spin and a certain other dipolar-coupled pair of spins in addition to regular SQ/DQ and SQ/SQ correlations. Although 1H spectral resolution is still limited for densely proton-coupled systems, the 3D technique is valuable to study dilute proton systems, such as zeolites, small molecules, or deuterated samples. We also believe that this new methodology will aid in the design of a plethora of multidimensional NMR techniques and enable high-throughput investigation of an exciting class of solids at atomic-level resolution.
PNPLA3 genetic variants determine hepatic steatosis in non-obese chronic hepatitis C patients
Authors: Huang Chung-Feng , Chen Jyh-Jou , Yeh Ming-Lun , Huang Ching-I , Hsieh Ming-Yen , Yang Hua-Ling , Dai Chia-Yen , Huang Jee-Fu , Lin Zu-Yau , Chen Shinn-Cherng , Chuang Wan-Long , Chen Yao-Li , Yu Ming-Lung 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe influence of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) genetic variants in the development of liver steatosis in Asian chronic hepatitis C patients remains elusive. A total of 1018 biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis C patients were enrolled for evaluation. The proportions of PNPLA3 rs738409 GG genotype carriage were 7.8% (44/563), 15.8% (58/367) and 19.3% (17/88) in patients with no (liver fat content <5%), mild (5–33%) and moderate/severe (>66%) hepatic steatosis, respectively (trend P < 0.001). Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that the strongest factor independently associated with steatosis was the carriage of the PNPLA3 rs738409 GG genotype (odds ratio [OR]/95% confidence intervals [CI]:2.34/1.557–3.515, P < 0.001). Among the patients with BMI < 24 kg/m2, carriage of the rs738409 GG genotype was the only factor associated with hepatic steatosis (OR/CI:3.44/1.824–6.500, P < 0.001). PNPLA3 genetic variants had minimal effects on hepatic steatosis among overweight or obese patients. Compared to patients with BMI<24 kg/m2/non-GG genotype, those with BMI>24 kg/m2/GG genotype were more likely to have hepatic steatosis (OR/CI:3.87/2.292–6.524, P < 0.001). In conclusions, both PNPLA3 genetic variants and BMI played important roles in hepatic steatosis among Asian chronic hepatitis C patients. However, the genetic effect was mainly restricted to non-obese patients.
N-Myc and STAT Interactor regulates autophagy and chemosensitivity in breast cancer cells
Authors: Metge Brandon J. , Mitra Aparna , Chen Dongquan , Shevde Lalita A. , Samant Rajeev S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe have previously reported that expression of NMI (N-myc and STAT interactor) is compromised in invasive breast cancers. We also demonstrated that loss of NMI expression promotes epithelial-mesenchymal-transition and results in enhanced invasive ability of breast cancer cells. Additionally we had demonstrated that restoration of NMI expression reduced breast cancer xenograft growth and downregulated Wnt and TGFβ/SMAD signaling. Here we present our observations that NMI expression drives autophagy. Our studies were promoted by our observation that NMI expressing breast cancer cells showed autophagic vacuoles and LC3 processing. Additionally, we found that NMI expression increased the cisplatin sensitivity of the breast cancer cells. Our mechanistic investigations show that NMI prompts activation of GSK3-β. This multifunctional kinase is an upstream effector of the TSC1/TSC2 complex that regulates mTOR signaling. Inhibition of GSK3-β activity in NMI expressing cells activated mTOR signaling and decreased the cells’ autophagic response. Additionally we demonstrate that a key component of autophagy, DNA-damage regulated autophagy modulator 1 (DRAM1), is regulated by NMI. Our TCGA database analysis reveals concurrent expression of NMI and DRAM1 in breast cancer specimens. We present evidence that NMI sensitizes breast cancer cells to cisplatin treatment through DRAM1 dependent autophagy.
Experimental Assessment and Future Applications of the Shikani Tracheostomy Speaking Valve
Authors: Shikani Alan H. , Miller Andrew C. , Elamin Elamin M. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
Tracheostomy speaking valve use may increase airflow resistance and work of breathing. It remains unclear which valve offers the best performance characteristics. We compared the performance characteristics of the Shikani speaking valve (SSV; unidirectional-flow ball valve) with those of the Passy-Muir valve (PMV; bias-closed flapper valve).

Method
Airflow resistance was measured for both the SSV and the PMV at 8 flow amplitudes and in 3 orientations (−15°, 0°, +20°) in the bias-open and bias-closed configurations.

Results

Significantly lower airflow resistance was observed for the SSV (bias open) compared with the PMV at −15° (
p
< .001), 0° (
p
< .001), and +20° (
p
= .006) from the horizon. No significant difference was observed between the PMV and the SSV (bias-closed) configuration at any of the tested angles. A nonsignificant trend toward decreased airflow resistance was observed between the SSV bias-open and bias-closed configurations at each of the angles tested.

Conclusions
The SSV demonstrated lower airflow resistance compared with the PMV across 8 flow amplitudes in the bias-open configuration at −15°, 0°, and +20° from the horizon. Further investigation is needed to determine the clinical impact of these findings on patient comfort, work of breathing, phonation, and airway protection during swallowing.
Core-Lexicon and Main-Concept Production During Picture-Sequence Description in Adults Without Brain Damage and Adults With Aphasia
Authors: Dalton Sarah Grace , Richardson Jessica D. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
We sought to identify the core lexicon of a picture-description task using transcripts from the AphasiaBank database and to determine differences in core-lexicon usage between control speakers and persons with aphasia (PWAs). We also investigated the relationship between core lexicon and an established discourse measure, main-concept analysis.

Method
A core lexicon was developed by identifying lemmas produced by 92 control speakers. Transcripts were scored—165 control transcripts and 238 PWA transcripts—using the core lexicon and a recently developed main-concept list. Median tests examined differences between controls, PWAs, and aphasia subtypes. Spearman's correlations assessed the relationship between core-lexicon and main-concept performance.

Results
A 24-item core lexicon was identified. Significant differences were found between control speakers and PWAs, and between aphasia subtypes, for core-lexicon and main-concept scores. Core-lexicon and main-concept performance was significantly and positively correlated for all groups.

Conclusions
We report the development of a core lexicon, differences in core-lexicon usage between speakers, and the relationship between core-lexicon and main-concept scores. Research is needed to determine the clinical utility and psychometric properties of these discourse measures and their potential contribution to multilevel discourse analysis of functional communication.
Structure, Processes, and Retrospective Outcomes From an Intensive Comprehensive Aphasia Program
Authors: Babbitt Edna M. , Worrall Linda , Cherney Leora R. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
This study describes the structure, processes, and outcomes of an intensive comprehensive aphasia program (ICAP). The aim was to identify treatment gains and determine if outcomes were significantly different between participants grouped according to severity and type of aphasia, and time postonset.

Method

Data from 74 first-time ICAP participants were analyzed. Pre- and posttreatment scores on the Western Aphasia Battery–Revised and other impairment and participation measures were compared using paired
t
tests. Analyses of variance were used to compare outcomes related to aphasia severity (severe, moderate, and mild aphasia), aphasia type (fluent, nonfluent), and chronicity (0–6 months postonset, 7–12 months postonset, and 12+ months postonset).

Results
Participants made significant changes on all impairment and participation measures. Large effect sizes were noted for one participation and three impairment measures. Medium effect sizes were noted for one impairment and three participation measures. There was no significant difference among groups on any factor.

Conclusion
ICAPs can have a significant effect on the language impairment and participation of people with aphasia, but further research is required to determine if the effect is comparable to other types of service delivery.
Highly linear current‐controlled delay unit
Authors: Ahamed M.R. , Sandhu T.S. , El‐Sankary K. 
Published: July 2015

A highly linear current‐controlled delay unit (CCDU) is presented. The proposed design linearly delays an input clock edge against an applied input current. The topology features a directly proportional input/output relation compared with an inversely proportional one in the traditional current‐starved inverter (CSI). The proposed CCDU features a THD of only 0.15% compared with 22.6% in a conventional CSI over the same input dynamic current range of 180 nA. The proposed CCDU is implemented in 65 nm CMOS and consumes only 0.74 μW. An analogue‐time‐digital ADC is simulated using the proposed CCDU as a front‐end block, achieving a resolution (ENOB) of 9.07 bits. Monte Carlo analysis confirms the linearity of the proposed CCDU under mismatch and process variation.
Spatial and temporal regulation of biosynthesis of the plant immune signal salicylic acid
Authors: Zheng Xiao-yu , Zhou Mian , Yoo Heejin , Pruneda-Paz Jose L. , Spivey Natalie Weaver , Kay Steve A. , Dong Xinnian 
Published: July 2015

SignificanceBiosynthesis of the plant immune signal salicylic acid (SA) is normally induced upon pathogen challenge through transcriptional activation of the key SA synthetic enzyme gene,ICS1. However, how different pathogenic signals trigger SA synthesis in both local and systemic tissues and during different immune responses is poorly understood. Our study filled this knowledge gap by the identification of two transcription factors (TFs): one is required for SA biosynthesis in stomata to prevent pathogen entry through these epidermal openings, and the other is essential for both the circadian oscillation in SA levels and the accumulation of SA in distal tissue during systemic acquired resistance. Our study shows that SA biosynthesis is regulated by multiple TFs in a spatial and temporal manner.
Preparing a collection of radiology examinations for distribution and retrieval
Authors: Demner-Fushman Dina , Kohli Marc D. , Rosenman Marc B. , Shooshan Sonya E. , Rodriguez Laritza , Antani Sameer , Thoma George R. , McDonald Clement J. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Objective Clinical documents made available for secondary use play an increasingly important role in discovery of clinical knowledge, development of research methods, and education. An important step in facilitating secondary use of clinical document collections is easy access to descriptions and samples that represent the content of the collections. This paper presents an approach to developing a collection of radiology examinations, including both the images and radiologist narrative reports, and making them publicly available in a searchable database.
Materials and Methods The authors collected 3996 radiology reports from the Indiana Network for Patient Care and 8121 associated images from the hospitals’ picture archiving systems. The images and reports were de-identified automatically and then the automatic de-identification was manually verified. The authors coded the key findings of the reports and empirically assessed the benefits of manual coding on retrieval.
Results The automatic de-identification of the narrative was aggressive and achieved 100% precision at the cost of rendering a few findings uninterpretable. Automatic de-identification of images was not quite as perfect. Images for two of 3996 patients (0.05%) showed protected health information. Manual encoding of findings improved retrieval precision.
Conclusion Stringent de-identification methods can remove all identifiers from text radiology reports. DICOM de-identification of images does not remove all identifying information and needs special attention to images scanned from film. Adding manual coding to the radiologist narrative reports significantly improved relevancy of the retrieved clinical documents. The de-identified Indiana chest X-ray collection is available for searching and downloading from the National Library of Medicine ( http://openi.nlm.nih.gov/ ).
Effects of Fluid Treatment With Hydroxyethyl Starch on Renal Function in Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Kunze Ekkehard , Stetter Christian , Willner Nadine , Koehler Stefan , Kilgenstein Christian , Ernestus Ralf-Ingo , Kranke Peter , Muellenbach Ralf M. , Westermaier Thomas 
Published: July 2015

Background:
Recent reports have doubted the efficacy and safety of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) for volume resuscitation. HES has been reported to promote renal insufficiency particularly in sepsis and trauma patients. This analysis investigated the effects of HES 6% 130/0.4 for fluid therapy in patients with intact renal function who suffered aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods:
This retrospective analysis included 107 patients and was conducted in the framework of a clinical trial assessing the efficacy of magnesium sulfate in SAH. Because magnesium is renally eliminated, patients with renal insufficiency had been excluded. Standard therapy after aneurysm occlusion included the daily administration of HES 6% 130/0.4. Serum and urine creatinine and fluid balance were measured daily.

Results:
Patients received a daily mean of 1101±524 mL HES and 3353±1396 mL Ringer’s solution. The highest creatinine values were recorded on day 3 after admission (0.88±0.25 mg/100 mL) and continuously decreased thereafter. In 6 patients, creatinine values temporarily increased by >0.3 mg/100 mL but recovered to admission values at the end of the observation period.

Conclusions:
Concerning renal function, the first days after SAH seem to be a vulnerable phase in which a variety of interventions are performed, including contrast-enhanced neuroradiologic procedures. In this period, HES 6% 130/0.4 should be administered with caution. However, no patient suffered from renal failure and required temporary or permanent renal replacement therapy. These results suggest that the administration of HES 6% 130/0.4 is safe in SAH patients without preexisting renal insufficiency.