bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porous Graphene‐Like Materials Prepared from Hollow Carbonaceous Microspheres for Supercapacitors
Authors: Lv Binbin , Zheng Chao , Xu Li , Zhou Xufeng , Cao Hailiang , Liu Zhaoping 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCatalytic activation of carbonaceous materials has recently been employed as an effective way to prepare porous graphene‐like (PG) materials with large specific surface area and excellent electrical conductivity for supercapacitor applications. In this work, the influence of the morphologies and structures of the carbonaceous precursors on the structure and electrochemical properties of PG products has been investigated. By using hollow carbonaceous microspheres with thin walls as the precursors, PG with large specific surface area, abundant porous structure, and high graphitization degree is obtained, which exhibits high specific capacitance and excellent cycling stability. In contrast, if solid carbonaceous microspheres are applied as the precursors, the resultant PG possesses relatively lower specific surface area and lower graphitization degree, giving rise to worse electrochemical performance than the former one. The more homogeneous dispersion of iron catalyst in the nano‐sized walls of hollow spheres than that in solid spheres is considered to be the main reason that induces larger specific surface area and higher electrical conductivity, and thus better supercapacitive performance of the PG product.
Security analysis of a privacy‐preserving decentralized ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption scheme
Authors: Wang Minqian , Zhang Zhenfeng , Chen Cheng 
Published: August 2015

SummaryAs it does not require a central authority or the cooperation among multiple authorities, decentralized attribute‐based encryption is an efficient and flexible multi‐authority attribute‐based encryption system. In most existing multi‐authority attribute‐based encryption schemes, a global identifier (GID) is introduced to act as the linchpin to resist collusion attacks. Because GID as well as some sensitive attributes used to apply for secret keys will lead to the compromise of user's privacy, some schemes towards solving these privacy issues have been proposed. Nevertheless, only the privacy of GID was considered in prior works. Recently in ESORICS 2014, Han et al. put forward a privacy‐preserving decentralized ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption scheme in the standard model to address the additive privacy of attributes. In their work, a privacy‐preserving key extract protocol is presented to protect both user's identifier and attributes. In this paper, we point out the security weakness of the scheme of Han et al. We present a collusion attack on their basic decentralized ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption scheme and additionally show that the privacy protection of attributes in their privacy‐preserving key extract protocol cannot be provided. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlating the Morphological Properties and Structural Organization of Monodisperse Spherical Silica Nanoparticles Grown on a Commercial Silica Surface
Authors: Moreno Yolice P. , Cardoso Mateus B. , Moncada Edwin A. , dos Santos João H. Z. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA variety of nanosilicas have been widely used to fabricate rough surfaces with superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic properties. In this context, we prepared mixed silica and mixed nanosilica that were generated by the growth and self‐assembly of synthesized monodisperse silica nanospheres (11–30 nm, 363 m2 g−1) on the surface of Sylopol‐948 and Dispercoll S3030 by using a base‐catalyzed sol–gel route. Using this process, the interactions and hierarchical structure between the nano‐ and microsized synthesized silica particles were studied by changing the amount of tetraethoxysilane. The resulting materials were characterized by BET analysis, small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), dynamic light scattering, FTIR spectroscopy, and SEM. The mixed silica presented a higher specific surface area (326 m2 g−1), a six‐fold higher percentage of (SiO)6 (44–68 %), and a higher amount of silanol groups (14.0–30.7 %) than Sylopol‐948 (271 m2 g−1, 42.6 %, and 12.5 %, respectively). The morphological and hierarchical structural differences in the silica nanoparticles synthesized on the surface of commercial silica (micrometric or nanometric) were identified by SAXS. Mixed micrometric silica exhibited a higher degree of structural organization between particles than mixed nanosilica.
MicroRNAs and Noncoding RNAs in Hepatic Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism: Potential Therapeutic Targets of Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Sud Neetu , Taher Jennifer , Su Qiaozhu 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

Noncoding RNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) represent an important class of regulatory molecules that modulate gene expression. The role of miRNAs in diverse cellular processes such as cancer, apoptosis, cell differentiation, cardiac remodeling, and inflammation has been intensively explored. Recent studies further demonstrated the important roles of miRNAs and noncoding RNAs in modulating a broad spectrum of genes involved in lipid synthesis and metabolic pathways. This overview focuses on the role of miRNAs in hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and their potential as therapeutic targets for metabolic syndrome. This includes recent advances made in the understanding of their target pathways and the clinical development of miRNAs in lipid metabolic disorders. Drug Dev Res 76 : 318–327, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors affecting retention of nutrients and organic matter in stormwater ponds
Authors: Sønderup Melanie J. , Egemose Sara , Hansen Anders S. , Grudinina Anna , Madsen Martin H. , Flindt Mogens R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractStormwater ponds are a common way to handle urban runoff. Different pond designs have been tested for decades to retain as much water as possible. Lately also, retention of nutrients and organic matter has become increasingly important, to reduce the eutrophication of downstream aquatic systems and thereby, e.g. fulfil the European Water Framework Directive. We have examined the load of particulate and dissolved fractions of organic matter, phosphorus, nitrogen and iron in 66 Danish ponds to determine the importance of catchment type (66 ponds) and the retention efficiency of the ponds (39 ponds) dependent on their type, age, size and design. The results showed that discharge from nutrient enriched and industrial areas is the most polluted while urban and developing areas are the least polluted. Wet ponds combined with vegetated sand filters have higher retentions of the particulate fractions (40–80%) compared with traditional wet ponds (10–20%). Generally, optimized retention requires a ratio between pond volume and impermeable catchment area of >250 m3 red.ha (reduced or impermeable hectare). Young ponds have higher retention than older ones, especially regarding the particulate fractions of organic matter, phosphorus and nitrogen. Here, 40–50% is retained in ponds <5 years, 0–30% in 5–10‐year‐old ponds and almost nothing in ponds >10 years. For the dissolved fractions, the trend is the same, but with lower retentions. Therefore, management and maintenance should be considered for all ponds, to avoid problems of internal loading, filling and resuspension. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Woodland expansion in central Oklahoma will significantly reduce streamflows – a modelling analysis
Authors: Zou Chris B. , Qiao Lei , Wilcox Bradford P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRangelands in the Southern Great Plains of the United States have been undergoing a rapid transition from herbaceous to woody dominance, primarily owing to encroachment by eastern redcedar, an evergreen juniper species (Juniperus virginiana). Experimental observations at the watershed scale have indicated that conversion of rangelands to eastern redcedar woodlands significantly reduces streamflows. However, whether there are similar effects at larger scales is not known. To address this question, we used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to simulate changes to the water budget resulting from woody plant encroachment for the lower Cimarron River basin in central Oklahoma. This simulation was based on a hypothetic scenario whereby rangelands in the river basin (51% of the area) were completely replaced by eastern redcedar woodland while other land‐use types remained unchanged. The model performed better in simulating the daily streamflow dynamics of the Cimarron River when calibrated with data from the watershed‐scale experiments than when calibrated with basin streamflow data. Our results indicate that eastern redcedar encroachment would lead to reduced streamflow throughout the year, with the largest reduction in April and May, due mainly to much smaller surface run‐off. The magnitude of streamflow reduction varies along the precipitation gradient. We estimate that under the climate conditions of the period 1988–2009, complete conversion of the rangelands to eastern redcedar woodlands would result in reductions of up to 40% in annual streamflow for the drier, upper portion of the basin, and approximately 20% for the entire basin. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Colorimetric Detection of Spermine by the CuII Complex of Imine‐Based Organic Nanoaggregates in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Chopra Shweta , Singh Jasminder , Kaur Harpreet , Singh Ajnesh , Singh Narinder , Kaur Navneet 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA Schiff‐base receptor bearing different functionalities was synthesized from dipicolinic acid hydrazide and characterized with several spectroscopic techniques. To explore its practical application as a sensor, the receptor was processed into organic nanoaggregates (O1) in aqueous medium by the reprecipitation method. The O1 nanoaggregates were characterized by techniques such as dynamic light scattering and TEM, and their recognition properties for metal ions were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The nanoaggregates showed selectivity for Cu2+ over other metal ions. The structure of the complex O1·Cu2+ thus formed was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. Complex O1·Cu2+ was further employed as a sensor for detection of biogenic amines in aqueous medium, and showed selective sensing of spermine with a detection limit of 7.62 nM. The color change on addition of spermine to the complex can be seen with the naked eye. Moreover, stability in the physiological pH range and negligible effect of ionic environment provided the opportunity for real‐time application of the sensor in aqueous medium.
CLustre: semi‐automated lineament clustering for palaeo‐glacial reconstruction
Authors: Smith Mike J. , Anders Niels S. , Keesstra Saskia D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDatasets containing large numbers (>10 000) of glacial lineaments are increasingly being mapped from remotely sensed data in order to develop a palaeo‐glacial reconstruction or ‘inversion’. The palimpsest landscape presents a complex record of past ice flow and deconstructing this information into a logical history is an involved task. One stage in this process requires the identification of sets of genetically linked lineaments that can form the basis of a reconstruction.This paper presents a semi‐automated algorithm, CLustre, for lineament clustering that uses a locally adaptive, region growing, methodology. After outlining the algorithm, it is tested on synthetic datasets that simulate parallel and orthogonal cross‐cutting lineaments, encompassing 1500 separate classifications. Results show robust classification in most scenarios, although parallel overlap of lineaments can cause false positive classification unless there are differences in lineament length. Case studies for Dubawnt Lake and Victoria Island, Canada, are presented and compared with existing datasets. For Dubawnt Lake 9 out of 14 classifications directly match incorporating 89% of lineaments. For Victoria Island 57 out of 58 classifications directly match incorporating 95% of lineaments. Differences are related to small numbers of unclassified lineaments and parallel cross‐cutting lineaments that are of a similar length.CLustre enables the automated, repeatable, assignment of lineaments to flow sets using defined user criteria. This is important as qualitative visual interpretation may introduce bias, potentially weakening the testability of palaeo‐glacial reconstructions. In addition, once classified, summary statistics of lineament clusters can be calculated and subsequently used during the reconstruction process. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variable and conflicting shear stress estimates inside a boundary layer with sediment transport
Authors: Lee Zoë S. , Baas Andreas C. W. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a comparison between two methods for estimating shear stress in an atmospheric internal boundary layer over a beach surface under optimum conditions, using wind velocities measured synchronously at 13 heights over a 1.7 m vertical array using ultrasonic anemometry. The Reynolds decomposition technique determines at‐a‐point shear stresses at each measurement height, while the Law‐of‐the‐Wall yields a single boundary layer estimate based on fitting a logarithmic velocity profile through the array data.Analysis reveals significant inconsistencies between estimates derived from the two methods, on both a whole‐event basis and as time‐series. Despite a near‐perfect fit of the Law‐of‐the‐Wall, the point estimates of Reynolds shear stress vary greatly between heights, calling into question the assumed presence of a constant stress layer. A comparison with simultaneously measured sediment transport finds no relationship between transport activity and the discrepancies in shear stress estimates. Results do show, however, that Reynolds shear stress measured nearer the bed exhibits slightly better correlation with sand transport rate.The findings serve as a major cautionary message to the interpretation and application of single‐height measurements of Reynolds shear stress and their equivalence to Law‐of‐the‐Wall derived estimates, and these concerns apply widely to boundary layer flows in general. © 2015 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Tools for gauging the capacity of salmon spawning substrates
Authors: Overstreet Brandon T. , Riebe Clifford S. , Wooster John K. , Sklar Leonard S. , Bellugi Dino 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTWe present a set of river management tools based on a recently developed method for estimating the amount of salmon spawning habitat in coarse‐bedded rivers. The method, which was developed from a mechanistic model of redd building by female salmon, combines empirical relationships between fish length, redd area, and the sizes of particles moved by fish during spawning. Model inputs are the grain‐size indices D50 and D84 and an estimate of female fish length, which is used to predict the size of the redd that they will build and the size of the largest particle that they can move on the bed. Outputs include predictions of the fraction of the bed that the fish can use for redd building and the number of redds that they can build within the useable area. We cast the model into easy‐to‐use look‐up tables, charts, an Excel worksheet, a JavaScript web applet, and a MATLAB user interface. We explain how these tools can be used in a new, mechanistic approach to assessing spawning substrates and optimizing gravel augmentation projects in coarse‐bedded rivers. © 2016 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Mercury and selenium accumulation in the Colorado River food web, Grand Canyon, USA
Authors: Walters David M. , Rosi-Marshall Emma , Kennedy Theodore A. , Cross Wyatt F. , Baxter Colden V. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) biomagnify in aquatic food webs and are toxic to fish and wildlife. The authors measured Hg and Se in organic matter, invertebrates, and fishes in the Colorado River food web at sites spanning 387 river km downstream of Glen Canyon Dam (AZ, USA). Concentrations were relatively high among sites compared with other large rivers (mean wet wt for 6 fishes was 0.17–1.59 μg g–1 Hg and 1.35–2.65 μg g–1 Se), but consistent longitudinal patterns in Hg or Se concentrations relative to the dam were lacking. Mercury increased (slope = 0.147) with δ15N, a metric of trophic position, indicating biomagnification similar to that observed in other freshwater systems. Organisms regularly exceeded exposure risk thresholds for wildlife and humans (6–100% and 56–100% of samples for Hg and Se, respectfully, among risk thresholds). In the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Hg and Se concentrations pose exposure risks for fish, wildlife, and humans, and the findings of the present study add to a growing body of evidence showing that remote ecosystems are vulnerable to long-range transport and subsequent bioaccumulation of contaminants. Management of exposure risks in Grand Canyon will remain a challenge, as sources and transport mechanisms of Hg and Se extend far beyond park boundaries. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2385–2394. © 2015 SETAC
Regional specificity of aberrant thalamocortical connectivity in autism
Authors: Nair Aarti , Carper Ruth A. , Abbott Angela E. , Chen Colleen P. , Solders Seraphina , Nakutin Sarah , Datko Michael C. , Fishman Inna , Müller Ralph‐Axel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPreliminary evidence suggests aberrant (mostly reduced) thalamocortical (TC) connectivity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but despite the crucial role of thalamus in sensorimotor functions and its extensive connectivity with cerebral cortex, relevant evidence remains limited. We performed a comprehensive investigation of region‐specific TC connectivity in ASD. Resting‐state functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were acquired for 60 children and adolescents with ASD (ages 7–17 years) and 45 age, sex, and IQ‐matched typically developing (TD) participants. We examined intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) and anatomical connectivity (probabilistic tractography) with thalamus, using 68 unilateral cerebral cortical regions of interest (ROIs). For frontal and parietal lobes, iFC was atypically reduced in the ASD group for supramodal association cortices, but was increased for cingulate gyri and motor cortex. Temporal iFC was characterized by overconnectivity for auditory cortices, but underconnectivity for amygdalae. Occipital iFC was broadly reduced in the ASD group. DTI indices (such as increased radial diffusion) for regions with group differences in iFC further indicated compromised anatomical connectivity, especially for frontal ROIs, in the ASD group. Our findings highlight the regional specificity of aberrant TC connectivity in ASD. Their overall pattern can be largely accounted for by functional overconnectivity with limbic and sensorimotor regions, but underconnectivity with supramodal association cortices. This could be related to comparatively early maturation of limbic and sensorimotor regions in the context of early overgrowth in ASD, at the expense of TC connectivity with later maturing cortical regions. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4497–4511, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thalamocortical interactions underlying visual fear conditioning in humans
Authors: Lithari Chrysa , Moratti Stephan , Weisz Nathan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDespite a strong focus on the role of the amygdala in fear conditioning, recent works point to a more distributed network supporting fear conditioning. We aimed to elucidate interactions between subcortical and cortical regions in fear conditioning in humans. To do this, we used two fearful faces as conditioned stimuli (CS) and an electrical stimulation at the left hand, paired with one of the CS, as unconditioned stimulus (US). The luminance of the CS was rhythmically modulated leading to “entrainment” of brain oscillations at a predefined modulation frequency. Steady‐state responses (SSR) were recorded by MEG. In addition to occipital regions, spectral analysis of SSR revealed increased power during fear conditioning particularly for thalamus and cerebellum contralateral to the upcoming US. Using thalamus and amygdala as seed‐regions, directed functional connectivity was calculated to capture the modulation of interactions that underlie fear conditioning. Importantly, this analysis showed that the thalamus drives the fusiform area during fear conditioning, while amygdala captures the more general effect of fearful faces perception. This study confirms ideas from the animal literature, and demonstrates for the first time the central role of the thalamus in fear conditioning in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4592–4603, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bayesian Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Analysis and Returns to Compulsory Schooling
Authors: Chib Siddhartha , Jacobi Liana 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the use of a Bayesian approach to fuzzy regression discontinuity (RD) designs for understanding the returns to education. The discussion is motivated by the change in government policy in the UK in April of 1947, when the minimum school leaving age was raised from 14 to 15—a change that had a discontinuous impact on the probability of leaving school at age 14 for cohorts who turned 14 around the time of the policy change. We develop a Bayesian fuzzy RD framework that allows us to take advantage of this discontinuity to calculate the effect of an additional year of education on subsequent log earnings for the (latent) class of subjects that complied with the policy change. We illustrate this approach with a new dataset composed from the UK General Household Surveys. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outlier‐Robust Bayesian Multinomial Choice Modeling
Authors: Benoit Dries F. , Van Aelst Stefan , Van den Poel Dirk 
Published: August 2015

SummaryA Bayesian method for outlier‐robust estimation of multinomial choice models is presented. The method can be used for both correlated as well as uncorrelated choice alternatives and guarantees robustness towards outliers in the dependent and independent variables. To account for outliers in the response direction, the fat‐tailed multivariate Laplace distribution is used. Leverage points are handled via a shrinkage procedure. A simulation study shows that estimation of the model parameters is less influenced by outliers compared to non‐robust alternatives. An analysis of margarine scanner data shows how our method can be used for better pricing decisions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.